bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 Controls B Cell Receptor Signaling through the Assembly of the B Cell Receptor, Syk, and Phospholipase C γ2 in Membrane Rafts
Authors: Kroczek Carmen , Lang Christiane , Brachs Sebastian , Grohmann Marcus , Dütting Sebastian , Schweizer Astrid , Nitschke Lars , Feller Stephan M. , Jäck Hans-Martin , Mielenz Dirk 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Compartmentalization of the BCR in membrane rafts is important for its signaling capacity. Swiprosin-1/EFhd2 (Swip-1) is an EF-hand and coiled-coil–containing adaptor protein with predicted Src homology 3 (SH3) binding sites that we identified in membrane rafts. We showed previously that Swip-1 amplifies BCR-induced apoptosis; however, the mechanism of this amplification was unknown. To address this question, we overexpressed Swip-1 and found that Swip-1 amplified the BCR-induced calcium flux in WEHI231, B62.1, and Bal17 cells. Conversely, the BCR-elicited calcium flux was strongly attenuated in Swip-1–silenced WEHI231 cells, and this was due to a decreased calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. Complementation of Swip-1 expression in Swip-1–silenced WEHI231 cells restored the BCR-induced calcium flux and enhanced spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) tyrosine phosphorylation and activity as well as SLP65/BLNK/BASH and phospholipase C γ2 (PLCγ2) tyrosine phosphorylation. Furthermore, Swip-1 induced the constitutive association of the BCR itself, Syk, and PLCγ2 with membrane rafts. Concomitantly, Swip-1 stabilized the association of BCR with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, specifically Syk and PLCγ2, and enhanced the constitutive interaction of Syk and PLCγ2 with Lyn. Interestingly, Swip-1 bound to the rSH3 domains of the Src kinases Lyn and Fgr, as well as to that of PLCγ. Deletion of the predicted SH3-binding region in Swip-1 diminished its association and that of Syk and PLCγ2 with membrane rafts, reduced its interaction with the SH3 domain of PLCγ, and diminished the BCR-induced calcium flux. Hence, Swip-1 provides a membrane scaffold that is required for the Syk-, SLP-65–, and PLCγ2-dependent BCR-induced calcium flux.
CXC Chemokine Ligand (CXCL) 9 and CXCL10 Are Antagonistic Costimulation Molecules during the Priming of Alloreactive T Cell Effectors
Authors: Rosenblum Joshua M. , Shimoda Naohiko , Schenk Austin D. , Zhang Howard , Kish Danielle D. , Keslar Karen , Farber Joshua M. , Fairchild Robert L. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Donor Ag-reactive CD4 and CD8 T cell production of IFN-γ is a principal effector mechanism promoting tissue injury during allograft rejection. The CXCR3-binding chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10 recruit donor-reactive T cells to the allograft, but their role during the priming of donor-reactive T cells to effector function is unknown. Using a murine model of MHC-mismatched cardiac transplantation, we investigated the influence of CXCL9 and CXCL10 during donor-reactive T cell priming. In allograft recipient spleens, CXCL9 and CXCL10 were expressed as early as 24 h posttransplant and increased with similar kinetics, concurrently with CXCR3 expression on T cells. CXCL9, but not CXCL10, expression required NK cell production of IFN-γ. The absence of CXCL9 in donor allografts, recipients, or both significantly decreased the frequency of donor-reactive CD8 T cells producing IFN-γ and increased the frequency of donor-reactive CD8 T cells producing IL-17A. In contrast, the absence of CXCL10 increased the frequency of IFN-γ–producing CD8 T cells in a CXCL9-dependent manner. These data provide novel evidence that donor-reactive CD8 T cells use the CXCR3 chemokine axis as a costimulation pathway during priming to allografts where CXCL9 promotes the development of IFN-γ–producing CD8 T cells, and CXCL10 antagonizes this skewing.
The Actin-Bundling Proteinl-Plastin Dissociates CCR7 Proximal Signaling from CCR7-Induced Motility
Authors: Morley Sharon Celeste , Wang Chen , Lo Wan-Lin , Lio Chan-Wang J. , Zinselmeyer Bernd H. , Miller Mark J. , Brown Eric J. , Allen Paul M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChemokines promote lymphocyte motility by triggering F-actin rearrangements and inducing cellular polarization. Chemokines can also enhance cell–cell adhesion and costimulate T cells. In this study, we establish a requirement for the actin-bundling protein l-plastin (LPL) in CCR7- and sphingosine-1-phosphate–mediated T cell chemotaxis using LPL−/− mice. Disrupted motility of mature LPL−/− thymocytes manifested in vivo as diminished thymic egress. Two-photon microscopy of LPL−/− lymphocytes revealed reduced velocity and motility in lymph nodes. Defective migration resulted from defective cellular polarization following CCR7 ligation, as CCR7 did not polarize to the leading edge in chemokine-stimulated LPL−/− T cells. However, CCR7 signaling to F-actin polymerization and CCR7-mediated costimulation was intact in LPL−/− lymphocytes. The differential requirement for LPL in CCR7-induced cellular adhesion and CCR7-induced motility allowed assessment of the contribution of CCR7-mediated motility to positive selection of thymocytes and lineage commitment. Results suggest that normal motility is not required for CCR7 to function in positive selection and lineage commitment. We thus identify LPL as a molecule critical for CCR7-mediated motility but dispensable for early CCR7 signaling. The requirement for actin bundling by LPL for polarization reveals a novel mechanism of regulating actin dynamics during T cell motility.
Effects of MHC Class I Alleles on Licensing of Ly49A+ NK Cells
Authors: Jonsson A. Helena , Yang Liping , Kim Sungjin , Taffner Samantha M. , Yokoyama Wayne M. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
NK cells are innate immune lymphocytes that can react to cells lacking self-MHC class I. However, NK cells that cannot engage self-MHC through an inhibitory receptor are resistant to stimulation through their activation receptors. To become licensed (i.e., functionally competent to be triggered through its activation receptors), an NK cell must engage host MHC class I via a MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptor, such as a member of the murine Ly49 family. To explore potential determinants of NK cell licensing on a single Ly49 receptor, we have investigated the relative licensing impacts of the b, d, k, q, r, and s H2 haplotypes on Ly49A+ NK cells. The results indicate that licensing is essentially analog but is saturated by moderate-binding MHC class I ligands. Interestingly, licensing exhibited a strong inverse correlation with a measure of cis engagement of Ly49A. Finally, licensing of Ly49A+ NK cells was found to be less sensitive to MHC class I engagement than Ly49A-mediated effector inhibition, suggesting that licensing establishes a margin of safety against NK cell autoreactivity.
Blockade of Programmed Death Ligand 1 Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of Combination Immunotherapy against Melanoma
Authors: Pilon-Thomas Shari , Mackay Amy , Vohra Nasreen , Mulé James J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Inhibition of antitumor T cell responses can be mediated by the productive interaction between the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor on T cells and its ligand PD-L1. PD-L1 is highly expressed on both murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and B16 melanoma. In this study, in vitro blockade of PD-L1 interaction on DCs led to enhanced IFN-γ production and cytotoxicity by Ag-specific T cells. In vivo, the systemic administration of anti–PD-L1 Ab plus melanoma peptide-pulsed DCs resulted in a higher number of melanoma peptide-specific CD8+ T cells, but this combination was insufficient to delay the growth of established B16 melanoma. Although the addition of 600 rad of total body irradiation delayed tumor growth, further adoptive transfer of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells was needed to achieve tumor regression and long-term survival of the treated mice. Lymphopenic mice treated with anti–PD-L1 Ab demonstrated increased activation and persistence of adoptively transferred T cells, including a higher number of CD8+ T cells infiltrating the tumor mass. Together, these studies support the blocking of PD-L1 signaling as a means to enhance combined immunotherapy approaches against melanoma.
Interference in eyewitness and earwitness recognition
Authors: Stevenage Sarah V , Howland Amy , Tippelt Anna 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFace identification and voice identification were examined using a standard old/new recognition task in order to see whether seeing and hearing the target interfered with subsequent recognition. Participants studied either visual or audiovisual stimuli prior to a face recognition test, and studied either audio or audiovisual stimuli prior to a voice recognition test. Analysis of recognition performance revealed a greater ability to recognise faces than voices. More importantly, faces accompanying voices at study interfered with subsequent voice identification but voices accompanying faces at study did not interfere with subsequent face identification. These results are similar to those obtained in previous research using a lineup methodology, and are discussed with respect to the interference that can result when earwitnesses are also eyewitnesses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The risks and benefits of long‐term use of hydroxyurea in sickle cell anemia: A 17.5 year follow‐up
Authors: Steinberg Martin H. , McCarthy William F. , Castro Oswaldo , Ballas Samir K. , Armstrong F. Danny , Smith Wally , Ataga Kenneth , Swerdlow Paul , Kutlar Abdullah , DeCastro Laura , Waclawiw Myron A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA randomized, controlled clinical trial established the efficacy and safety of short‐term use of hydroxyurea in adult sickle cell anemia. To examine the risks and benefits of long‐term hydroxyurea usage, patients in this trial were followed for 17.5 years during which they could start or stop hydroxyurea. The purpose of this follow‐up was to search for adverse outcomes and estimate mortality. For each outcome and for mortality, exact 95% confidence intervals were calculated, or tests were conducted at α = 0.05 level (P‐value <0.05 for statistical significance). Although the death rate in the overall study cohort was high (43.1%; 4.4 per 100 person‐years), mortality was reduced in individuals with long‐term exposure to hydroxyurea. Survival curves demonstrated a significant reduction in deaths with long‐term exposure. Twenty‐four percent of deaths were due to pulmonary complications; 87.1% occurred in patients who never took hydroxyurea or took it for <5 years. Stroke, organ dysfunction, infection, and malignancy were similar in all groups. Our results, while no longer the product of a randomized study because of the ethical concerns of withholding an efficacious treatment, suggest that long‐term use of hydroxyurea is safe and might decrease mortality. Am. J. Hematol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Status of diurnal primate populations at the former settlement of a displaced village in Cameroon
Authors: Baya Lawrence , Storch Ilse 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo understand whether or not primate populations recover in areas of abandoned human settlements, data are required that allow for site‐specific comparison over time. Here, we present baseline information on the presence/absence and relative abundance of primate species at the abandoned settlement of the Ekundukundu village, relocated out of the Korup National Park in 2000. Between July 2007 and March 2008, 62 km of transects was surveyed for sightings and calls of primates. All eight species of diurnal primates reported in the KNP were confirmed: Cercopithecus nictitans ludio, C. mona, C. erythrotis camerunensis, C. pogonias, Procolobus pennantii preussi, Cercocebus torquatus, Mandrillus leucophaeus leucophaeus, and Pan troglodytes vellerosus. At old Ekundukundu, C. nictitans accounted for 65% of all primate group sightings. Overall, sighting frequency of primates (0.55 groups/km) was not significantly different from other park sectors surveyed by a previous observer (J. Linder) in 2004–2005. The data reported here will be useful in the long‐term monitoring of primate populations in regenerating forest habitats of earlier human settlements. Am. J. Primatol. 72:645–652, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Derivatives of biomacromolecules as stabilizers of aqueous alumina suspensions
Authors: Cerrutti Bianca M. , Lamas Juliana C. , De Britto Douglas , Campana Filho Sergio P. , Frollini Elisabete 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe stabilization of alumina suspensions is key to the development of high‐performance materials for the ceramic industry, which has motivated extensive research into synthetic polymers used as stabilizers. In this study, mimosa tannin extract and a chitosan derivative, that is, macromolecules obtained from renewable resources, are shown to be promising to replace synthetic polymers, yielding less viscous suspensions with smaller particles and greater fluidity, that is, more homogeneous suspensions that may lead to better‐quality products. The functional groups of tannin present in mimosa extract and N,N,N‐trimethylchitosan (TMC) are capable of establishing interactions with the alumina surface, thus leading to repulsion between the particles mainly due to steric and electrosteric mechanisms, respectively. The stabilization of the suspension induced by either TMC or mimosa tannin was confirmed by a considerable decrease in viscosity and average particle size, in comparison with alumina suspensions without stabilizing agents. The viscosity/average particle size decreased by 49/84% and 52/87% for suspensions with TMC and mimosa tannin, respectively. In addition, the increase in the absolute zeta potential upon addition of either TMC or mimosa tannin extract, especially at high pHs, points to an increased stability of the suspension. The feasibility of using derivatives of macromolecules from renewable sources to stabilize aqueous alumina suspensions was therefore demonstrated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation of amidoximated bacterial cellulose and its adsorption mechanism for Cu2+ and Pb2+
Authors: Chen Shiyan , Shen Wei , Yu Feng , Hu Weili , Wang Huaping 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAmidoximated bacterial cellulose (Am‐BC) was prepared through successive polymer analogous reactions of bacterial cellulose with acrylonitrile in an alkaline medium followed by reaction with aqueous hydroxylamine. It was used as an adsorbent to remove Cu2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions. The adsorption behaviors of Cu2+ and Pb2+ onto Am‐BC were observed to be pH‐dependent. The maximum adsorption capacity of 84 and 67 mg g–1 was observed, respectively, for Cu2+ and Pb2+ at pH 5. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) indicated that the microporous network structure of Am‐BC was maintained even after the modifacation. The adsorption mechanisms for Cu2+ and Pb2+ onto Am‐BC were investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ζ potential measurement and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that the mechanism for the adsorption of Cu2+ onto Am‐BC could be mainly described as between metal ions and nitrogen atom in the amidoxime groups or oxygen atom in the hydroxyl groups. However, in the adsorption process for Pb2+, precipitation played the important role along with electrostatic interactions, although chelation action also existed in the process accounted for the adsorption process. The regeneration of Am‐BC was studied by treatment with a strong complexing agent, ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Engineering properties of electron beam‐crosslinked ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer
Authors: Mongal Nilambar , Chakraborty Debabrata , Bhattacharyya Rupa , Kumar Chaki Tapan , Bhattacharya Pinaki 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEffect of electron beam on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer, grade Elvaloy 1335 has been investigated. The copolymer was subjected to varying doses of electron beam radiation with different proportion of the sensitizer trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA). It was observed that with increase in electron beam dose, the physicomechanical properties of the crosslinked copolymer improve, reaches an optimum level and subsequently deteriorates. The thermal properties as envisaged from thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetric studies revealed stability of the crosslinked irradiated samples over that of the unirradiated ones. The thermal stability was also found to attain the maximum at the same level of radiation and sensitizer. The morphological studies showed consistency with the mechanical properties. Based on the overall study, it may be concluded that ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer with 1 phr TMPTMA at 60 kGy radiation dose is the optimum condition within the range studied in this investigation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Viscous behavior of PS, PP, and ABS in terms of temperature and pressure‐dependent hole fraction
Authors: Akdeniz Gülsüm , Yahsi Ugur , Tav Cumali 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe have developed a zero‐shear viscous model in terms of temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent hole fraction computed from Simha‐Somcynsky Hole Theory. This model successfully interprets the viscosity data of PS, PP, and ABS as a function of hole fraction for a broad range of temperature and pressure. We have also introduced and discussed a new term: Viscoholibility; the derivative of logarithm of viscosity with respect to hole fraction. When the hole fraction takes highest available value, the viscoholibility approaches asymptotically to a constant value by which the viscosity changes linearly with the hole fraction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
On the prospects of polyaniline and polyaniline/MWNT composites for possible pressure sensing applications
Authors: Varma S. J. , Jayalekshmi S. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis work highlights the prospects of applications of doped polyaniline (PANI) and Polyaniline–MultiWalled Carbon Nanotube (MWNT) composites with different dopants in pressure sensing devices. PANI and its nanocomposite samples in the form of pressed pellets show orders of change in electrical conductivity with applied pressure in the range 0–30 MPa, even for very small applied bias of a few milli‐volts. The percentage variation of electrical conductivity with applied pressure is strikingly large for PANI and its composite samples. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Dynamics of mechanical, acoustical, and electrical properties of epoxy‐amine compositions during cure
Authors: Rimlyand Vladimir I. , Starikova Vera N. , Bakhantsov Alexander V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDynamics of mechanical, acoustical, and electric properties is studied in the cure of three samples of polymeric compositions produced on the basis of epoxy oligomer with different content of the curing agent. The measurements were made in a parallel mode with an automated measuring complex. Variations in elastic modules, sound speed, attenuation coefficient, relaxation of the shear stress, electric resistance of the samples during the complete cure in the transition from a liquid into a glass state are considered. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Inter‐relationship between processing conditions and mechanical properties of blown film from different polypropylenes and high melt strength polypropylene blends
Authors: Auinger Thomas , Stadlbauer Manfred 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study is the improvement of process stability and film properties of various matrix polymers by the addition of long chain branched (LCB) polypropylene (PP) in the blown film process. Three commercially available PP grades were dry‐blended with two different high melt strength (HMS) PP grades with varying weight content in the range of 5, 10, and 20%. Maximum solid output was determined on a Hosokawa blown film line with a film thickness of 50 μm. Thickness was adjusted by proper relation between output and take‐up ratio (TUR). The blow‐up ratio (BUR) was varied from 1 : 2 to 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 in connection to the output rate and HMS‐PP content. Research showed an increase of the output due to the additon of HMS‐PP in various matrix polymers and different processing conditions. Influences on mechanical properties related to process parameters concerning stiffness and impact energy were found. Due to the addition of HMS‐PP in a heterophasic PP‐copolymer (PP‐I) the maximum solid output increases up to 50% as well as tensile properties were enhanced. Stiffness of the blown film is independent of the output and the BUR both in machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD). In contrast a reduction of the process stability and solid state properties were determined with homo‐PP (PP‐H) and random‐PP (PP‐R) mixtures. Decreasing impact energy of the heterophasic copolymer was determined with increasing HMS‐PP content. In comparison to the enhanced stiffness, toughness decreases which refers to a higher brittleness due to the addition of HMS‐PP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Degradation behavior of hydrogel based on crosslinked poly(aspartic acid)
Authors: Yang Jun , Wang Fang , Tan Tianwei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe degradation behavior of hydrogel based on poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) which crosslinked by 1, 6‐hexamethylene diamine (HD) was studied in α‐chymotrypsin solution. The degradation behaviors of PASP under different crosslinking levels were evaluated as a function of biodegradation time by monitoring the changes of crosslinking density, molecular weight, rheological behavior, interior morphology, mass loss, and swelling ratio. It was found that the degradation behaviors relied heavily on the crosslinking density which calculated from the Flory‐Rehner equation. A pseudo first‐kinetic equation was proposed to model the mass loss behavior and the degradation rate constant was calculated under different crosslinking levels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Degradation and antioxidant activity of κ‐carrageenans
Authors: Sun Tao , Tao Huina , Xie Jing , Zhang Shuo , Xu Xin 
Published: March 2010

Abstractκ‐Carrageenan was degraded by an oxidative method involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography. The effects of the concentration of H2O2 and initial κ‐carrageenan, pH value, and degradation time on the molecular weights of the degraded products were studied. The structural change of the degraded κ‐carrageenans was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and determination of the sulfate content. The antioxidant activity of the degraded κ‐carrageenans was evaluated as scavengers of superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals by application of flow injection chemiluminescence technology. The values of the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) against the superoxide anion of degraded κ‐carrageenans labeled A, B, C, and D (with weight‐average molecular weights of 3250, 5820, 15,080, and 209,000, respectively) were 2.65, 3.22, 6.66, and 8.13 mg/mL, respectively. As for hydroxyl radical scavenging, the IC50 values of κ‐carrageenans A, B, C, and D were 0.014, 0.049, 0.062, and 0.110 mg/mL, respectively. The results indicated that the κ‐carrageenans with lower molecular weights had better antioxidant activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010