bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Point‐of‐Care Assay Development: Design and Considerations
Authors: Hassman Ashley , Rouchka Colby , Sunino Diego , Espinal Felix Veloz , Youssef Mona , Casey Renee Richie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMolecular diagnostic point‐of‐care (MDx POC) testing is gaining momentum and is increasingly important for infectious disease detection and monitoring, as well as other diagnostic areas such as oncology. Molecular testing has traditionally required high‐complexity laboratories. Laboratory testing complexity is determined by utilizing the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) Categorization Criteria scorecard, utilizing seven criteria that are scored on a scale of one to three. Previously, most commercially available point‐of‐care (POC) tests use other analytes and technologies that were not found to be highly complex by the CLIA scoring system. However, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, MDx POC testing became much more prominent. Utilization during the COVID‐19 pandemic has demonstrated that MDx POC testing applications can have outstanding advantages compared to available non‐molecular POC diagnostic tests. This article introduces MDx POC testing to students, technologists, researchers, and others, providing a general algorithm for MDx POC test development. This algorithm is an introductory, step‐by‐step decision tree for defining a molecular POC diagnostic device meeting the functional requirements for a desired application. The technical considerations driving the decision‐making include nucleic acid selection method (DNA, RNA), extraction methods, sample preparation, number of targets, amplification technology, and detection method. The scope of this article includes neither higher‐order multiplexing, nor quantitative molecular analysis. This article covers key application considerations, such as sensitivity, specificity, turnaround time, and shipping/storage requirements. This article provides an overall understanding of the best resources and practices to use when developing a MDx POC assay that may be a helpful resource for readers without extensive molecular testing experience as well as for those who are already familiar with molecular testing who want to increase MDx availability at the POC. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The Olfactory Working Memory Capacity Paradigm
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Huang Gengdi , Yu Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWorking memory capacity (WMC), a crucial component of working memory (WM), has consistently drawn the attention of researchers. Exploring the underlying neurobiological mechanisms behind it is currently a prominent focus in the field of neuroscience. Previously, we developed a novel behavioral paradigm for rodents called the olfactory working memory capacity (OWMC) paradigm, which serves as an effective tool for quantifying the WMC of rodents. The OWMC task comprises five phases: context adaptation, digging training, rule‐learning for nonmatching to a single sample odor (NMSS), rule‐learning for nonmatching to multiple sample odors (NMMS), and capacity testing. In the first phase, mice are handled to reduce stress and acclimate to the training cage. The second phase involves training mice to dig in a bowl of unscented sawdust to locate a piece of cheese. In the third phase, mice are trained to locate the cheese pellet in a bowl with a noveal odor. The fourth phase requires mice to distinguish the novel odor among multiple scented bowls to locate the cheese pellet. Finally, in the fifth phase, mice undergo several WMC tests until they achieve a stable level of performance. In this protocol paper, we will provide detailed instructions on how to implement the behavioral paradigm. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Context adaptationBasic Protocol 2: Digging trainingBasic Protocol 3: Rule‐learning for NMSSBasic Protocol 4: Rule‐learning for NMMSBasic Protocol 5: Capacity testing
Ferrocene Derivatives for Photothermal Applications
Authors: Hu Yue , Fang Zhou , Yao Bing , Ye Zhizhen , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFerrocene (Fc) and Fc derivatives have gained popularity in recent years due to their unique structure and characteristics. Among Fc′s diverse performances, photothermal conversion, as a primary source of energy conversion, has sparked substantial study attention. This Review summaries Fc and Fc derivatives with photothermal characteristics, as well as their applications developed recently. First, methods for the synthesis of Fc‐based materials are systematically discussed. Then, the photothermal conversion mechanism based on nonradiative relaxation is summarized. Furthermore, the most recent advances in Fc‐based materials in photothermal applications are described, including photothermal degradation, photothermal antibacterial, photothermal therapies, photothermal catalysis, solar‐driven water production, and photothermal CO2 separation. Finally, a summary and insights on the photothermal application of Fc‐based materials are provided. This paper seeks to provide researchers with a better knowledge of photothermal behavior while also highlighting the potential of Fc and its derivatives in photothermal fields.
A new three‐port DC/DC converter with soft switching, for PV applications
Authors: Saadabad Neda Zahedi , Nasiri Abolfazl , Nekoui Javad 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn this study, a novel non‐isolated DC/DC converter is presented. A bidirectional buck/boost DC/DC converter is used to utilize PV electric energy along with battery charge/discharge control. In this topology, soft switching conditions are provided using a resonant circuit consisting of two capacitors and an inductor. Therefore, the switching losses are reduced, and the provided converter works with high efficiency. The incorporation of capacitors and inductors into the converter also reduces the ripple in the main inductor current and output voltage. A simple control strategy, including maximum power point tracking and electric current management, is evaluated. This paper extensively explores operational modes, design components, and power efficiency and provides a detailed discussion of comparison results. To confirm the performance of the proposed converter, the experimental prototype with output power of 125 and 270 W and switching frequency of 50 kHz was evaluated, and the results of the proposed converter were confirmed.
The clinical application and laboratory management of molecular genetic diagnosis in children's hospital
Authors: Bao Wenjie , Fu Qihua , Zhang Xiaoqing , Mo Xi , Yu Tingting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMolecular diagnostic technology is the foundation of precision medicine, which has the advantages of good specificity, high sensitivity, strong targeting, rapiddiagnosis, etc. It has a wide range of applications in the field of pediatrics. However, molecular diagnostic technology is characterized by complicated experimental operation, high difficulty in data analysis and interpretation, in consistent standards among laboratories, and difficult standardization of technical processes. Enhancing the application value of molecular diagnostic technology in pediatrics and promoting the high‐quality development of the discipline requires careful consideration by relevant management and professionals.MethodsThis study firstly outlines the development history of molecular diagnostic technology. Then, it analyzes the application of molecular diagnostic technology in the field of pediatrics. Finally, it explores the countermeasures for the management of molecular diagnostic laboratories.ResultsThis study highlights the importance of molecular diagnostic technology in providing information and decision‐making basis for disease prevention, prediction,diagnosis, treatment and regression. It has a wide range of applications in the molecular diagnosis of pediatric hereditary diseases, malignant tumors and infectious diseases. In addition, the countermeasures for the management of molecular diagnostic laboratories are proposed from the five aspects of laboratory, personnel team construction, standardized management,multidisciplinary cross‐discipline, research and translation, safety managementand ethical supervision, and management upgrading and modernization.ConclusionsMolecular diagnostic technology, as the basis of precision medicine, has become one of the important frontier fields in the development of contemporary pediatric medicine. Enhanced laboratory capacity in molecular diagnostic techniques can improve outcomes in the prevention, prediction, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and research of pediatricdiseases, and lay the groundwork for child healthcare.
Network simulation tools for unmanned aerial vehicle communications: A survey
Authors: Jiang Weiwei , Han Haoyu , He Miao , Gu Weixi 
Published: June 2024

SummaryUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication has been proposed as an effective solution in both military and civilian scenarios, with low cost, high efficiency, high flexibility, and on‐demand deployment. Network simulation is an economically efficient method for validating new ideas in UAV communication. While some simulation tools have been proposed for UAV communications, there is a lack of a state‐of‐the‐art review to guide newcomers in this research field. In existing surveys, the discussion of network simulators is not comprehensive and the content discussed is outdated. There has also been no discussion of open‐source UAV simulation tools. To fill these research gaps, this survey presents an updated and comprehensive survey of UAV network simulation tools, including a unique collection of open‐source tools. Research challenges and opportunities have been proposed to inspire follow‐up studies.
A strategy to drive nanoflow using Laplace pressure and the end effect
Authors: Zhang Keli , Xu Hengyu , Fan Jingcun , Ouyang Cancan , Wu Hengan , Wang Fengchao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanofluidics holds significant potential across diverse fields, including energy, environment, and biotechnology. Nevertheless, the fundamental driving mechanisms on the nanoscale remain elusive, underscoring the crucial importance of exploring nanoscale driving techniques. This study introduces a Laplace pressure‐driven flow method that is accurately controlled and does not interfere with interfacial dynamics. Here, we first confirmed the applicability of the Young–Laplace equation for droplet radii ranging from 1 to 10 nm. Following that, a steady‐state liquid flow within the carbon nanotube was attained in molecular dynamics simulations. This flow was driven by the Laplace pressure difference across the nanochannel, which originated from two liquid droplets of unequal sizes positioned at the channel ends, respectively. Furthermore, we employ the Sampson formula to rectify the end effect, ultimately deriving a theoretical model to quantify the flow rate, which satisfactorily describes the molecular dynamics simulation results. This research enhances our understanding on the driving mechanisms of nanoflows, providing valuable insights for further exploration in fluid dynamics on the nanoscale.
Synthesis of (E)‐Enaminoesters by a 1,6‐Addition/Fragmentation Cascade Involving Coumalic Acid Esters and Secondary Amines
Authors: Xavier Tania , Condon Sylvie , Pichon Christophe , Le Gall Erwan , Presset Marc 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoumalic acid methyl ester (methyl coumalate), a biomass‐derived building block, was converted into (E)‐enaminoesters by an original uncatalyzed stereoselective 1,6‐addition/fragmentation cascade involving secondary amines. The transformation occurred under useful experimental conditions as a simple heating of a stoichiometric mixture of the starting compounds led to the desired products. The reaction could be extended to a range of alkyl coumalates and a variety of secondary amines. Given the original character of the transformation, the reaction mechanism was discussed. Therefore, the cascade is supposed to involve a 1,6‐conjugate addition followed by a fragmentation sequence leading ultimately to the decarboxylative elimination of (E)‐enaminoesters. Using this procedure, renewable coumalic acid proved to be a valuable alternative to fossil fuel‐based propiolates for the preparation of enaminoesters.
Epilepsy in rural South Africa: Patient experiences and healthcare challenges
Authors: Makhado Lufuno , Maphula Angelina , Ngomba Richard Teke , Musekwa Ofhani Prudance , Makhado Thendo Gertie , Nemathaga Muofheni , Rammela Mukovhe , Munyadziwa Muimeleli , Striano Pasquale 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the prevalent issues of healthcare access and the impact of antiseizure treatments among people with epilepsy (PWE) in rural Limpopo and Mpumalanga, South Africa, where healthcare facilities and affordable treatments are often inadequate.MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional survey, 162 PWE were selected using multistage sampling across the provinces. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively using SPSS v27.ResultsMost of the participants experienced seizures intermittently, with 70.6% in Limpopo and 53.3% in Mpumalanga reporting occasional episodes, whereas a significant minority in both regions—20.6% and 40%, respectively—suffered from frequent seizures. A notable portion of PWE also reported recurring side effects from antiseizure drugs, which led to consequential life disruptions, including educational dropout and unemployment.SignificanceThe findings underscore an urgent need for enhanced educational programs and increased awareness to improve the understanding and management of epilepsy in these underserved areas. Optimizing care for PWE requires a multifaceted approach, including evaluating healthcare accessibility, affordability, and societal beliefs influencing treatment adherence. The study advocates for government and policy interventions to mitigate the quality of life deterioration caused by epilepsy and its treatment in rural communities.Plain Language SummaryIn Limpopo and Mpumalanga, many individuals with epilepsy experience seizures occasionally, while a significant minority have them frequently. Numerous people also suffer recurring side effects from antiseizure medications, impacting their lives severely by causing school dropouts and job losses. This underscores the urgent need for improved education and awareness programs to manage epilepsy in these provinces effectively. The study urges government action and policy reforms to enhance care and support for people with epilepsy in rural areas, aiming to improve their quality of life.
Causes of Fish Lift Shutdowns on U.S. East Coast Hydroelectric Dams
Authors: Kearnan Kayleigh , Waldman John 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hydroelectric dams in the northeastern United States pose a challenge to the upstream spawning migrations of anadromous fishes, such as American Shad Alosa sapidissima, Alewife A. pseudoharengus, Blueback Herring A. aestivalis, Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, and Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus. One response has been the construction and operation of fish lifts. A drawback of this solution is that fish lifts can be shut down. This study sought to determine how often fish lifts on major northeastern rivers (including lifts at the Cataract, Lockwood, and Milford dams in Maine; Holyoke Dam in Massachusetts; Scotland Dam in Connecticut; and Conowingo Dam in Maryland) shut down during their respective passage seasons and the causes for these shutdowns. We found that these lifts did not operate for 8–26% of their passage seasons, on average, with the mean season length lasting between 49 and 205 d. The causes for shutdowns were categorized as physical, mechanical, scheduling, other, or none given, with the primary cause varying among dams. Our results demonstrate an important weakness of fish lifts as a passage solution and, in turn, highlight the need for measures that limit disruptions to lifting where dam removal is not possible and strengthen the case for dam removal.
Dynamic changes and interaction between different aroma types during low‐temperature roasting of bud green tea
Authors: Wang Cong‐Ming , Tan Xiao‐Qin , Du Xiao , Hu Jia‐Jing , Li Xin‐Yi , Yan Li‐Shu , Zhang Xiang , Nie Cong‐Ning , Chen Liu‐Yi , Du Feng , Zhao Yue‐Ling , Bian Jin‐Lin , Li Pin‐Wu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs an important process for enhancing aroma of Wuyi rock tea, roasting has gradually been applied to the processing of bud green tea (BGT). However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the impact of roasting on BGT aroma. This research provides a detailed analysis of the changes in aroma perception and compounds during the low‐temperature roasting process (105°C, 90 minutes) of BGT. First, the changes in aroma perception were studied using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). The aroma perception of BGT transformed from fresh to chestnut like. Next, headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) analysis was conducted to characterize the volatile compounds during roasting. A total of 313 volatile compounds were identified, among which 72 showed significant differences. Compounds such as linalool, benzyl alcohol, ionone, and ethyl salicylate (floral aroma) and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine, 2,3‐dimethylpyrazine, 2‐acetylpyrrole, and 3‐furfural (caramel‐like aroma) were confirmed to be involved in the formation of the chestnut‐like aroma during roasting process. In addition, representative aroma compounds with different characteristics were selected based on monomolecular olfactory results to simulate sensory‐level aroma interactions. The results showed that fresh and tender aromas exhibited mutual enhancement at low concentrations, while sweet and chestnut‐like aromas showed mutual enhancement at all concentrations.
The importance of abortion training for obstetrician‐gynecologists: A comparison of the United States, Sweden, and Ghana
Authors: Obern Cerisa , Morhe Emmanuel , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina , Steinauer Jody 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince 2020, World Health Organization guidelines state that universal access to abortion care is critical for individual and community health, and for the realization of human rights. Yet the right to access safe abortion care is severely restricted in many countries. This article outlines institutional and educational systems in the USA, Sweden, and Ghana, which all require obstetrics and gynecology (ob‐gyn) training to include abortion care but vary in implementation. It argues that regardless of the political environment, the specialty should protect abortion training worldwide. In Sweden and Ghana, ob‐gyn residents are required to participate in abortion training, while in the USA they are permitted to opt out. In Sweden, practicing ob‐gyn specialists are required to provide abortion care, whereas in Ghana and the USA, this care is optional, leading to geographic disparities in abortion care access in these two countries. In the USA, the Supreme Court's Dobbs ruling jeopardizes programs' abilities to meet the training mandate, a requirement that was insufficiently implemented even before the ruling. It is critical that all clinicians are well‐equipped to provide accurate information to their patients and provide pre‐ and post‐abortion care. For this reason, we recommend that abortion is included in all undergraduate medical education programs in accordance with the recommendations of FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology & Obstetrics). To meet WHO guidelines that require ob‐gyn specialists to provide abortion care in an emergency, we urge FIGO to create a guideline about expectations for abortion training integration in obstetrics and gynecology.
External cephalic version following prior cesarean delivery: A comparative cohort analysis
Authors: Sánchez‐Romero Javier , Gallego‐Pozuelo Rosa María , Dahmouni‐Dahmouni Hajar , Blanco‐Carnero José Eliseo , Araico‐Rodríguez Fernando , Herrera‐Giménez Javier , Guijarro‐Campillo Alberto Rafael , Nieto‐Díaz Aníbal , de Paco Katy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the success rate of external cephalic version (ECV) in pregnant women with a history of previous cesarean section, as well as to describe the rate of complications associated with the procedure.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of women who were offered an ECV at “Virgen de la Arrixaca” Clinic University Hospital (Murcia, Spain) between January 2014 and December 2023. We collected data for previous cesarean delivery, obstetric history, fetal presentation, amniotic fluid volume, ECV success rate, complications related to ECV, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes. The study confidently performed ECV under sedation with propofol and tocolysis with ritodrine. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare the success rate of ECV, ECV complications, and mode of delivery between women with and without previous cesarean sections.ResultsOf 1116 pregnant women who were offered ECV, 911 were included in the study, with 42 having a previous cesarean section. The success rate of ECV in pregnant women with a previous cesarean section was 78.6% (adjusted odds ratio 1.18; 95% confidence interval 0.49–2.86; P = 0.708), with a low complication rate of 9.5%, such as non‐reassuring fetal heart rate (7.1%) or major vaginal bleeding (2.4%). Of the women who attempted a vaginal delivery after ECV, 80.8% were successful.ConclusionsThese findings support that ECV is a safe and effective option for women with a previous cesarean section, with success rates comparable to those in women without a previous cesarean section.