bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudo-supersymmetric approach to the Dirac operator in the Schwarzschild spacetime
Authors: Yeşiltaş Özlem 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We have discussed the Dirac equation in Schwarzschild spacetime using pseudo-supersymmetric quantum mechanics and have obtained the partner Hamiltonian of the initial Hamiltonian operator. We demonstrate that the partner metric tensors, corresponding to these Hamiltonians, can be derived using the intertwining relations inherent in pseudo-supersymmetric approaches. We have seen that the Schwarzschild metric may be expanded into Schwarzschild–Tangherlini metric using the aspects of pseudo-supersymmetry. Furthermore, we have derived approximate solutions for the radial component within the framework of N = 2 supersymmetry with the corresponding radial potential graphs presented. Subsequently, our discussion extends to the quasinormal modes, focusing particularly on the asymptotic limits as r approaches

±
∞

.
Denoising algorithm for inclined tunnel point cloud data based on irregular contour features
Authors: Song Pengfei , Jin Fengxiang , Ji Min , Liang Taitao , Li Qiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In response to the problem where current traditional denoising algorithms cannot effectively remove noise from inclined tunnel point cloud data with irregular contours. This paper proposes a denoising algorithm for inclined tunnel point cloud data based on irregular contour features. The algorithm combines the DBSCAN clustering algorithm with polynomial curve fitting to obtain sequential point cloud slices along the perpendicular direction to the centerline of the inclined tunnel. By identifying and extracting irregular contour feature points from these slices, it achieves the extraction of irregular wall shapes inside the tunnel. Based on these irregular wall shape features, noise points are effectively removed using distance iteration calculations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively handle the irregular shapes and elevation variations in inclined tunnel point cloud data and achieve good denoising performance for various types of noise within the tunnel. This algorithm lays a solid foundation for subsequent three-dimensional modeling of tunnels with high precision.
Crystal orbital overlap population based on all-electron ab initio simulation with numeric atom-centered orbitals and its application to chemical-bonding analysis in Li-intercalated layered materials
Authors: Takahara Izumi , Shibata Kiyou , Mizoguchi Teruyasu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Crystal orbital overlap population (COOP) is one of the effective tools for chemical-bonding analysis, and thus it has been utilized in the materials development and characterization. In this study, we developed a code to perform the COOP-based chemical-bonding analysis based on the wave function obtained from a first principles all-electron calculation with numeric atom-centered orbitals. The chemical-bonding analysis using the developed code was demonstrated for F2, Si, CaC6, and metals including Ti and Nb. Furthermore, we applied the method to analyze the chemical-bonding changes associated with a Li intercalation in three representative layered materials: graphite, MoS2, and ZrNCl, because of their great industrial importance, particularly for the applications in battery and superconducting materials. The COOP analysis provided some insights for understanding the intercalation mechanism and the stability of the intercalated materials from a chemical-bonding viewpoint.
Proton 3D dose measurement with a multi-layer strip ionization chamber (MLSIC) device
Authors: Zhou Shuang , Chen Qinghao , Haefner Jonathan , Smith Winter , Darafsheh Arash , Zhao Tianyu , Harrison Nathan Andrew , Zhou Jun , Lin Liyong , Lu Weiguo , Shen Liuxing , Jiang Hao , Zhang Tiezhi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. In current clinical practice for quality assurance (QA), intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) fields are verified by measuring planar dose distributions at one or a few selected depths in a phantom. A QA device that measures full 3D dose distributions at high spatiotemporal resolution would be highly beneficial for existing as well as emerging proton therapy techniques such as FLASH radiotherapy. Our objective is to demonstrate feasibility of 3D dose measurement for IMPT fields using a dedicated multi-layer strip ionization chamber (MLSIC) device. Approach. Our developed MLSIC comprises a total of 66 layers of strip ion chamber (IC) plates arranged, alternatively, in the x and y direction. The first two layers each has 128 channels in 2 mm spacing, and the following 64 layers each has 32/33 IC strips in 8 mm spacing which are interconnected every eight channels. A total of 768-channel IC signals are integrated and sampled at a speed of 6 kfps. The MLSIC has a total of 19.2 cm water equivalent thickness and is capable of measurement over a 25 × 25 cm2 field size. A reconstruction algorithm is developed to reconstruct 3D dose distribution for each spot at all depths by considering a double-Gaussian–Cauchy–Lorentz model. The 3D dose distribution of each beam is obtained by summing all spots. The performance of our MLSIC is evaluated for a clinical pencil beam scanning (PBS) plan. Main results. The dose distributions for each proton spot can be successfully reconstructed from the ionization current measurement of the strip ICs at different depths, which can be further summed up to a 3D dose distribution for the beam. 3D Gamma Index analysis indicates acceptable agreement between the measured and expected dose distributions from simulation, Zebra and MatriXX. Significance. The dedicated MLSIC is the first pseudo-3D QA device that can measure 3D dose distribution in PBS proton fields spot-by-spot.
GPU-accelerated parallel image reconstruction strategies for magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Quelhas Klaus N , Henn Mark-Alexander , Farias Ricardo , Tew Weston L , Woods Solomon I 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective. Image reconstruction is a fundamental step in magnetic particle imaging (MPI). One of the main challenges is the fact that the reconstructions are computationally intensive and time-consuming, so choosing an algorithm presents a compromise between accuracy and execution time, which depends on the application. This work proposes a method that provides both fast and accurate image reconstructions. Approach. Image reconstruction algorithms were implemented to be executed in parallel in graphics processing units (GPUs) using the CUDA framework. The calculation of the model-based MPI calibration matrix was also implemented in GPU to allow both fast and flexible reconstructions. Main results. The parallel algorithms were able to accelerate the reconstructions by up to about

6
,
100

times in comparison to the serial Kaczmarz algorithm executed in the CPU, allowing for real-time applications. Reconstructions using the OpenMPIData dataset validated the proposed algorithms and demonstrated that they are able to provide both fast and accurate reconstructions. The calculation of the calibration matrix was accelerated by up to about 37 times. Significance. The parallel algorithms proposed in this work can provide single-frame MPI reconstructions in real time, with frame rates greater than 100 frames per second. The parallel calculation of the calibration matrix can be combined with the parallel reconstruction to deliver images in less time than the serial Kaczmarz reconstruction, potentially eliminating the need of storing the calibration matrix in the main memory, and providing the flexibility of redefining scanning and reconstruction parameters during execution.
Investigation of degradation dynamics of 265 nm LEDs assisted by EL measurements and numerical simulations
Authors: Piva Francesco , Buffolo Matteo , Roccato Nicola , Pilati Marco , Longato Simone , Susilo Norman , Vidal Daniel Hauer , Muhin Anton , Sulmoni Luca , Wernicke Tim , Kneissl Michael , Santi Carlo De , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico , Meneghini Matteo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We studied four AlGaN-based 265 nm LEDs with increasing QW thickness (1.4, 3, 6 and 9 nm) during a constant current stress at 100 A cm−2. We focused our attention on the parasitic components of the emission spectra at low current levels and on the optical power recovery observed at high current levels. We associated every parasitic peak or band to a region in the device where they can be generated, also demonstrating if they are related to band-to-band emission or radiative emission through defects. At high current levels, we showed the simultaneous effect of the decrease in injection efficiency in the active region and the increase in non-radiative recombination, by fitting the EQE curves with a mathematical model. Moreover, we associated the optical power recovery with a generation of negative charge near the active region, which led to an increase in injection efficiency in the QW.
Development of a novel two-way 3D printed flexible spiral composite actuator based on shape memory alloy wire and its control
Authors: Önder E T , Sümer B , Başlamişli S C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Soft robotics find its applications across numerous of scientific and industrial fields, spanning from medicine and surgery to gripper technology, assistive devices, and exploration in underwater and space. The study introduces a soft actuator design for soft robotics, produced using 3D printing technology, offering an efficient alternative to traditional molding and curing methods. A shape memory alloy wire is integrated to the spiral body printed using a flexible filament. The spiral enhances the actuation stroke (AS) to 2 cm for a wire of 189 mm in length, while actuation in the literature is typically accomplished through an axial AS of 3%–5% of the wire’s length. Four types of spirals with increasing gaps are prepared to observe the cooling effect. Their performances are evaluated in terms of AS and time through image processing in order to determine the optimal configuration. An electrical current constraint is established to prevent potential damage, and spiral control is attained using a proportional–integral–derivative controller. Moreover, a pick and place operation showcases the spiral’s ability to autonomously lift a gripped object weighing 6.5 g, achieving a specific displacement of 6.5 mm. Subsequently, the object is lifted down to its initial position using a two-way actuator that utilizes the stored energy within the spiral’s structure and elastic effect. The proposed actuator has the potential to be widely applied across various soft robotic applications, including medical robots, delicate gripping robots, and bioinspired robots.
Diffusion of small-size aliphatic alcohols and the chemical actuation of shape memory polyurethane
Authors: Shen Yucen , Dumlu Hakan , Varnik Fathollah , Eggeler Gunther , Neuking Klaus 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Three types of aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol) are used to actuate a programmed ESTANE ETE 75DT3 (abb. SMP-E), a polyether-based polyurethane shape memory polymer (SMP). In this paper, we analyze the diffusion behavior of these small molecules in SMP-E and the relationship between the solvent diffusion and shape recovery using a weight gain study and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). From the results, all three alcohols show behavior similar to Fickian diffusion in SMP-E. During the diffusion process, the molecular switch (MS) of thermoplastic SMP-E transforms from the glassy state to the rubber-like state depending on the time-dependent local alcohol concentration. The diffusion of small molecules enhances shape recovery and the related evolution of the polymer structure. As a feedback effect, the rate of diffusion changes as small molecules penetrate into the sample. To study this issue, we used three methods to determine the diffusion coefficients at short, intermediate and long times. The data on short time diffusion reflects the glassy state of the sample. The intermediate times correspond to 50% solvent saturation, where the shape recovery is nearly completed. The long-time analysis, on the other hand, provides an average diffusion coefficient for the entire process. The SAXS results show the diffusion path and provide evidence that the alcohol molecules equally diffuse into both MS and entropy elastic component phase of SMP-E.
Heat transfer in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors: mechanism and modulation
Authors: Yin Wenlei , Wang Hao , Wang Xiaohan , Yin Rui , Chen Qi , Jia Xiaoqing , Wang Huabing , Zhang Labao , Wu Peiheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been widely applied in quantum information and deep-space exploration owing to their high detection efficiency, low dark count rate, and wide spectral response. In particular, the heat transfer in SNSPDs largely affects their performance parameters (e.g. quantum efficiency, count rates and recovery time), which can be modulated to optimize the performance and develop novel devices. Considering the potential of SNSPDs and the significance of heat transfer, the most recent progress toward understanding the mechanism and the modulation of heat transfer in SNSPDs is critically reviewed, with particular emphasis on the macroscopic correlation with device performance parameters and the microscopic analysis of existing theories, especially at interfaces. Furthermore, representative novel devices inspired by the need for heat transfer modulation in SNSPDs are discussed in detail. Finally, the development of heat transfer in SNSPDs is placed in perspective with the aim of highlighting future theoretical directions and practical applications.
Flight verification of cooling self-sustaining high-temperature superconducting motor
Authors: Zheng Jinxing , Sun Jinxin , Liu Fei , Liu Xufeng , Peng Junyi , Zhang Jiong , Zhang Chi , Zhu Lei , Zhu Xiaoliang , Huang Chen , Cheng Yuan , Su Dongdong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The global shift towards sustainable development and technological advancements has propelled the energy transition trend. Recognizing the substantial environmental impact of conventional commercial airplanes, there is a growing urgency to develop a sophisticated superconducting motor system for commercial aviation. The advent of high-temperature superconducting motors presents a transformative leap, offering significant advantages in power density and efficiency when compared to traditional motors. To validate the issues that future liquid-hydrogen superconducting electric airplanes may encounter, a kilowatt-class aerospace high-temperature superconducting motor is designed. Based on the requirements of airborne applications, critical parameters such as electromagnetic characteristics, operating characteristics, and AC losses have been analyzed. Furthermore, extensive research and testing have been conducted on the superconducting motor magnet, leading to the successful assembly of a prototype. The superconducting motor has a rated output power of 2.7 kW and a rated speed of 5000 rpm. Rigorous ground operation performance tests have also been conducted to ensure the feasibility and reliability of the motor in practical applications. Benefiting from the topological structure design, the superconducting motor has an excellent sealing performance at low temperatures. The superconducting motor can maintain low temperature and high vacuum for a long time, when the vacuum pump is removed and the liquid nitrogen inlet is closed after the motor is completely cooled. The culmination of these endeavors is the realization of a successful flight validation of an unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a high-temperature superconducting motor, demonstrating a sustained flight of nearly one hour.
Global flux-driven gyrofluid simulations of internal transport barrier formation by external torque in weak magnetic shear configuration
Authors: Ko S.H. , Kim S.S. , Jhang Hogun , Kim Juhyung 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Using a global gyrofluid code, we conduct comprehensive flux-driven simulations incorporating external heat and momentum sources/sinks. They involve an external torque ramp while keeping a heating power constant. Simulations show the formation of internal transport barriers (ITBs) in ion heat and parallel momentum in weak magnetic shear configuration. The ITB formation is attributed to the reduction of turbulent transport accompanied by strong

E
×
B

flow shear generation, where the majority of

E
×
B

shear arises from plasma rotation shear. In contrast, only a minor confinement improvement is observed in strong magnetic shear configuration. There exists a substantial difference in the rotation shear between the weak and strong magnetic shear cases at the same amount of external torque. Transport analysis implies that the difference comes from intrinsic rotation generated by residual stress. Global linear simulations demonstrate that the effect of

E
×
B

shear on

k
∥

symmetry breaking is enhanced in weak magnetic shear configuration, explaining the origin of the difference in intrinsic rotation. The ITB is not achieved when the external torque is injected in counter-direction to intrinsic rotation. It is also shown that threshold torque for the ITB formation depends on power and the ratio of external torque to heating power should exceed a critical value to attain an ITB.
Islamic Prayer in Mainstream US Television and Film
Authors: Aslan Rose 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter examines depictions of Islamic prayer in mainstream American TV shows and films, arguing they are frequently inaccurate and connect prayer to violence. Media often portrays Islamic prayer as sinister, exotic, and foreign, perpetuating stereotypes. Some attempt nuance but still subtly associate prayer with extremism. Positive change is evident in recent shows depicting prayer naturally, though issues remain. The rise of Muslim media creators is improving representation, with accurate, nonthreatening portrayals. However, the dominant media narrative continues to influence public perceptions of Muslims. Understanding patterns in portrayals of prayer illuminates broader media representation of Islam and responses to Muslims in the United States.
Marx's Ethical Vision
Authors: Wills Vanessa Christina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
“The communists do not preach morality at all”; this line from The Communist Manifesto might seem to settle the question of whether Marxism has anything to offer moral philosophy. And yet Marx issued both trenchant critiques of “bourgeois” morality and thundering condemnations of capitalism’s “vampire-like” destruction. He decried commodity-exchange for corroding human beings’ ability to value one another for who they are, not how much their lives could be traded away for. He expressed apparently ethical views about human nature, the conditions necessary for human flourishing, and the desirability of bringing such conditions about—views that are interwoven throughout his life’s work, from his youthful philosophical poetry to his unfinished masterpiece, Capital. Renewed attention to Marx’s distinctively “dialectical” and historical materialist approach to conflict and change makes sense of this apparent tension in his thought. Following Marx, Marx’s Ethical Vision centers labor—human beings satisfying their needs through conscious, purpose-driven, and transformative interaction with the material world—as the essential human activity. Working people’s struggles reveal capitalism’s worst ravages while pointing to a better future and embodying the only way there: rational transformation of their relationships to themselves, to one another, and to the natural world, so that the human condition emerges not as something they must bear but as something they joyfully create. Rather than “preach morality,” the key task for moral philosophy is to theorize in the light that workers’ struggles for freedom shine on capitalism—an existential threat to humanity and the defining ethical problem of our time.
Low-dose aspirin for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Patrono Carlo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
During the past 30 years, several developments have occurred in the antiplatelet field, including the role of aspirin in primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There have been several attempts to develop antiplatelet drugs more effective and safer than aspirin and a shift in emphasis from efficacy to safety, advocating aspirin-free antiplatelet regimens after percutaneous coronary intervention. Evidence supporting a chemopreventive effect of low-dose aspirin against colorectal (and other digestive tract) cancer has also strengthened. The aim of this article is to revisit the role of aspirin in the prevention of atherothrombosis across the cardiovascular risk continuum, in view of developments in the antiplatelet field. The review will offer a clinical perspective on aspirin’s mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. This will be followed by a detailed discussion of its clinical efficacy and safety.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON S-GLYCOPROTEINS PURIFIED FROM DIFFERENT S-GENOTYPES IN SELF-INCOMPATIBLE BRASSICA SPECIES I. PURIFICATION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Nishio Takeshi , Hinata Kokichi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
S-glycoproteins, i.e. stigma glycoproteins that are heritable in correlation with S allele in self-incompatible Brassica species, were apparently purified for three S alleles in B. oleracea. From SDS gel electrophoresis, the estimated molecular weight for two of the S-glycoproteins was 57,000. The other S-glycoprotein was considered to be heterogeneous with molecular weights of 60,000 and 65,000. Distinct differences in amino acid content were found; in general, cysteine, methionine and histidine were low, and serine, glutamate, glycine, leucine, arginine and aspartate were high and variable between the S-glycoproteins. Differences in the isoelectric point were mainly attributed to the amino acid composition of each S-glycoprotein.