bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History of Acta Ophthalmologica – the first 50 years
Authors: Ehlers Niels , Norn Mogens 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.Acta Ophthalmologica appeared as the scientific journal of the Nordic ophthalmological Societies in 1923. The intention was to expose the clinical and experimental developments among the ophthalmological communities of the four Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. The collaboration within the field of ophthalmology had been attempted with the publication of ‘Nordisk ophthalmologisk Tidsskrift’ in the years 1889–1892. Now, once again, the wish for a tighter Nordic cooperation was explored by enthusiastic ophthalmologists in all four countries. One person stands out as the driving force, K.K.K. Lundsgaard, who in spite of his early death in 1931 was remembered by name on the front page of Acta since 1936 by the Latin phrase ‘A K.K.K. Lundsgaard edi coepta’. The present review recalls details from the early years when the journal found its place in the ophthalmology and creates the background for some reflections on purpose and goals by publishing a scientific journal.
Reconstruction of corneal stroma with decellularized porcine xenografts in a rabbit model
Authors: Yoeruek Efdal , Bayyoud Tarek , Maurus Christine , Hofmann Johanna , Spitzer Martin Stephan , Bartz‐Schmidt Karl‐Ulrich , Szurman Peter 
Published: December 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the potential use of decellularized porcine stromal matrix (PSM) for reconstruction of corneal stroma in a rabbit model.Methods:  Ten chinchilla bastard rabbit corneas were exposed to a circular half‐thickness keratotomy with a 3.0 mm diameter at the central cornea. Porcine corneas were decellularized using hypotonic tris buffer, ethylene diamine tetra‐acetic acid (EDTA, 0.1%), aprotinin (10 K IU/ml) and 0.3% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The 3.0 mm in diameter decellularized corneal stromal xenograft was inserted into the pocket, and the incision was closed with four 10.0 nylon sutures. Clinical photographs were taken at day 1, day 7, day 30 and on a monthly basis for up to 6 months after transplantation. Six months after surgery, the rabbits were killed and eyes were enucleated. Haematoxylin–eosin (HE) and 4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining were performed to confirm the complete removal of the corneal cells after decellularization of porcine corneas and repopulation with rabbit cells. Alcian blue staining was performed for analysing the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM).Results:  Efficient elimination of porcine cells was achieved by our decellularization protocol and confirmed via HE and DAPI stainings. Moreover, the major histoarchitectural ECM structure had been maintained as visualized by the alcian blue stain. Finally, the PSM was biocompatible with the host’s epithelium evidenced as a regrowth covering the exposed xenograft.Conclusions:  This novel technique of tissue engineering may provide one of many solutions to addressing anterior corneal pathological conditions in the face of a shortage of human corneal material.
B cell lymphoma and secondary leukaemia in a mule
Authors: Norman T. E. , Rodrigues A. , Russell K. E. , Burke K. , Ajithdoss D. K. , Coleman M. , Martin M. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryA 20‐year‐old mule was evaluated for anorexia and fever. Haematological evaluation revealed a population of large, immature lymphoid cells and significant anaemia. Bone marrow aspiration was unsuccessful, and abdominal ultrasonographic evaluation was unremarkable. The mule was subjected to euthanasia due to poor prognosis, and necropsy and histological evaluation revealed multicentric B cell lymphoma. The leukaemic phase of lymphoma is rarely documented in equids, and is regarded as an indication of advanced or aggressive disease. To the authors' knowledge, lymphoma in a mule has been reported only once previously.
Use of ethanol in the treatment of distal tarsal joint osteoarthritis: 24 cases
Authors: LAMAS L. P. , EDMONDS J. , HODGE W. , ZAMORA‐VERA L. , BURFORD J. , COOMER R. , MUNROE G. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryReasons for performing this study:Intra‐articular ethanol has been described to promote distal tarsal joint ankylosis. Its use and results in clinical cases affected by osteoarthritis (OA) have not been reported.Objectives:To describe and evaluate the results of treatment of distal tarsal joint OA by facilitated ankylosis stimulated by intra‐articular ethanol injection.Methods:Twenty‐four horses met the inclusion criteria of tarsometatarsal and centrodistal joint OA diagnosed by a positive response to intra‐articular analgesia, radiographic evaluation and recurrence of lameness ≤4 months after intra‐articular medication with a corticosteroid. Horses were sedated and, following a radiographic contrast study of the tarsometatarsal joint, medication with 2–4 ml of either 100% pure ethanol (G100) or a 70% ethanol (G70) solution was applied. Horses were classified as improved based on a 50% reduction from initial lameness grade combined with an increase in exercise level.Results:Of the 24 horses included in this study, 20 had the treatment performed bilaterally and 4 unilaterally. All horses were available for initial follow‐up examination and 21 for a second one 6–9 months after treatment. This represented a total of 44 treated limbs and 35 available for long‐term follow‐up. Of these, 21/35 (60%) were considered improved, which corresponds to 11/21 horses (52%). Of 21 horses, 4 (19%) deteriorated and 2 of these developed significant complications related to treatment.Conclusions:Distal tarsal joint ankylosis with ethanol should be considered a safe and economic treatment in cases of distal tarsal joint OA that fail to show long‐term improvement with intra‐articular corticosteroid treatment.Potential relevance:Ethanol should be considered in the treatment of certain cases of distal tarsal joint OA. The importance of performing an adequate radiographic contrast study of the tarsometatarsal joint prior to treatment is highlighted.
Presence of Bartonella Species in Wild Carnivores of Northern Spain
Authors: Gerrikagoitia Xeider , Gil Horacio , García-Esteban Coral , Anda Pedro , Juste R. A. , Barral Marta 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

The genus
Bartonella
was detected by PCR in 5.7% (12/212) of wild carnivores from Northern Spain. Based on hybridization and sequence analyses,
Bartonella henselae
was identified in a wildcat (
Felis silvestris
),
Bartonella rochalimae
in a red fox (
Vulpes vulpes
) and in a wolf (
Canis lupus
), and
Bartonella
sp. in badgers (
Meles meles
).
Cultivated Single-Stranded DNA Phages That Infect Marine Bacteroidetes Prove Difficult To Detect with DNA-Binding Stains
Authors: Holmfeldt Karin , Odić Duško , Sullivan Matthew B. , Middelboe Mathias , Riemann Lasse 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

This is the first description of cultivated icosahedral single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) phages isolated on heterotrophic marine bacterioplankton and with
Bacteroidetes
hosts. None of the 8 phages stained well with DNA-binding stains, suggesting that
in situ
abundances of ssDNA phages are drastically underestimated using conventional methods for enumeration.
Inactivation of Template-Directed Misfolding of Infectious Prion Protein by Ozone
Authors: Ding Ning , Neumann Norman F. , Price Luke M. , Braithwaite Shannon L. , Balachandran Aru , Belosevic Miodrag , Gamal El-Din Mohamed 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Misfolded prions (PrP
Sc
) are well known for their resistance to conventional decontamination processes. The potential risk of contamination of the water environment, as a result of disposal of specified risk materials (SRM), has raised public concerns. Ozone is commonly utilized in the water industry for inactivation of microbial contaminants and was tested in this study for its ability to inactivate prions (263K hamster scrapie = PrP
Sc
). Treatment variables included initial ozone dose (7.6 to 25.7 mg/liter), contact time (5 s and 5 min), temperature (4°C and 20°C), and pH (pH 4.4, 6.0, and 8.0). Exposure of dilute suspensions of the infected 263K hamster brain homogenates (IBH) (0.01%) to ozone resulted in the
in vitro
destruction of the templating properties of PrP
Sc
, as measured by the protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) assay. The highest levels of prion inactivation (≥4 log
10
) were observed with ozone doses of 13.0 mg/liter, at pH 4.4 and 20°C, resulting in a
CT
(the product of residual ozone concentration and contact time) value as low as 0.59 mg · liter
−1
min. A comparison of ozone
CT
requirements among various pathogens suggests that prions are more susceptible to ozone degradation than some model bacteria and protozoa and that ozone treatment may be an effective solution for inactivating prions in water and wastewater.
Identification of Plasmalogens in the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis
Authors: Oberg Taylor S. , Ward Robert E. , Steele James L. , Broadbent Jeff R. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Plasmalogens are ether-linked lipids that may influence oxidative stress resistance of eukaryotic cell membranes. Since bacterial membrane composition can influence environmental stress resistance, we explored the prevalence of plasmalogens in the cytoplasmic membrane of
Bifidobacterium animalis
subsp.
lactis
. Results showed plasmalogens are a major component of the
B. animalis
subsp.
lactis
membrane.
Characterization of DC1, a Broad-Host-Range Bcep22-Like Podovirus
Authors: Lynch Karlene H. , Stothard Paul , Dennis Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Bcep22-like phages are a recently described group of podoviruses that infect strains of
Burkholderia cenocepacia
. We have isolated and characterized a novel member of this group named DC1. This podovirus shows many genomic similarities to BcepIL02 and Bcep22, but it infects strains belonging to multiple
Burkholderia cepacia
complex (BCC) species.
Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction and Hypothesis Testing in the Methanogenic Archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans C2A
Authors: Benedict Matthew N. , Gonnerman Matthew C. , Metcalf William W. , Price Nathan D. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Methanosarcina acetivorans
strain C2A is a marine methanogenic archaeon notable for its substrate utilization, genetic tractability, and novel energy conservation mechanisms. To help probe the phenotypic implications of this organism's unique metabolism, we have constructed and manually curated a genome-scale metabolic model of
M. acetivorans
, iMB745, which accounts for 745 of the 4,540 predicted protein-coding genes (16%) in the
M. acetivorans
genome. The reconstruction effort has identified key knowledge gaps and differences in peripheral and central metabolism between methanogenic species. Using flux balance analysis, the model quantitatively predicts wild-type phenotypes and is 96% accurate in knockout lethality predictions compared to currently available experimental data. The model was used to probe the mechanisms and energetics of by-product formation and growth on carbon monoxide, as well as the nature of the reaction catalyzed by the soluble heterodisulfide reductase HdrABC in
M. acetivorans
. The genome-scale model provides quantitative and qualitative hypotheses that can be used to help iteratively guide additional experiments to further the state of knowledge about methanogenesis.
Role of the Umo Proteins and the Rcs Phosphorelay in the Swarming Motility of the Wild Type and an O-Antigen (
waaL
) Mutant of Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Morgenstein Randy M. , Rather Philip N. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Proteus mirabilis
is a Gram-negative bacterium that exists as a short rod when grown in liquid medium, but during growth on surfaces it undergoes a distinct physical and biochemical change that culminates in the formation of a swarmer cell. How
P. mirabilis
senses a surface is not fully understood; however, the inhibition of flagellar rotation and accumulation of putrescine have been proposed to be sensory mechanisms. Our lab recently isolated a transposon insertion in
waaL
, encoding O-antigen ligase, that resulted in a loss of swarming but not swimming motility. The
waaL
mutant failed to activate
flhDC
, the class 1 activator of the flagellar gene cascade, when grown on solid surfaces. Swarming in the
waaL
mutant was restored by overexpression of
flhDC
in
trans
or by a mutation in the response regulator
rcsB
. To further investigate the role of the Rcs signal transduction pathway and its possible relationship with O-antigen surface sensing, mutations were made in the
rcsC
,
rcsB
,
rcsF
,
umoB
(
igaA
), and
umoD
genes in wild-type and
waaL
backgrounds. Comparison of the swarming phenotypes of the single and double mutants and of strains overexpressing combinations of the UmoB, UmoD, and RcsF proteins demonstrated the following: (i) there is a differential effect of RcsF and UmoB on swarming in wild-type and
waaL
backgrounds, (ii) RcsF inhibits UmoB activity but not UmoD activity in a wild-type background, and (iii) UmoD is able to modulate activity of the Rcs system.
The endoscopically normal colon: when is mapping biopsy histopathologically justifiable?: Table 1
Authors: Elliot V J , Bateman A C , Green B 
Published: December 2011

ObjectiveMapping biopsy of endoscopically normal colon is a contentious area and generates considerable work for histopathology services. Managing demand for pathological testing is a current healthcare priority. In this retrospective audit, the authors aimed to establish diagnostic yield of mapping biopsy in this specific subgroup and identify situations where practice could be safely streamlined.DesignCases were retrieved over a 10-month period. Histopathology results were correlated with relevant endoscopy reports. The data were anonymised and analysed.SettingDepartment of Cellular Pathology, Southampton General Hospital, UK.Results717 cases were retrieved. 308 (43%) cases were reported as endoscopically normal. 278 (90%) cases with endoscopically normal/near normal mucosa showed normal/near normal histology. 30/308 (9.7%) endoscopically normal cases showed pathological abnormalities. 9/308 (2.9%) cases of microscopic colitis were detected. Of the 30 cases with pathological abnormalities, 20 (66.7%) presented with change in bowel habit and 6 (20%) had a pre-existing diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.ConclusionsPathological abnormalities in endoscopically normal colon are found most frequently in those who present with change in bowel habit or a known history of inflammatory bowel disease. The authors support biopsy in these individuals and believe that mapping biopsy of endoscopically normal colon in patients referred for other reasons (eg, bright red rectal bleeding or iron deficiency anaemia) should not be performed routinely as diagnostic yields are very low. Guidelines on appropriate use of mapping biopsy in this setting are limited. Streamlining patients based on reason for referral or presenting symptoms may be a useful step towards more effective management of histopathological demand.
Role of routine neuropathological examination for determining cause of death in sudden unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI)
Authors: Pryce J W , Paine S M L , Weber M A , Harding B , Jacques T S , Sebire N J 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundCurrent guidelines for the investigation of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) include full neuropathological examination with recommendations for brain fixation for 1–2 weeks. Little evidence is available regarding the yield of such examination in determining cause of death in clinical practice. This study examines the frequency of neuropathological findings determining cause of death at postmortem examination in SUDI in relation to clinical and macroscopic features.MethodsAll postmortem examinations performed for the indication of SUDI at a single specialist centre over a 14-year period were reviewed, including clinical history, macroscopic and neuropathological findings.Results6% of postmortem examinations performed for cases of SUDI demonstrated a neuropathological cause of death; in almost all (>90%) the clinical history and/or macroscopic examination suggested the cause of death. In 2% of all cases the cause of death was determined by histological neuropathological examination, but there were no cases in which histological neuropathological examination of a macroscopically normal brain revealed the cause of death in the absence of a ‘neurological history’. Macroscopic brain abnormalities and the presence of a ‘neurological history’ were significantly more likely to yield histological brain abnormalities (11-fold and fourfold, respectively).ConclusionsHistological neuropathological examination rarely determines the cause of death in SUDI in the absence of macroscopic abnormalities or neurological clinical history. A macroscopically abnormal brain and the presence of a clinical history of possible neurological disease or of inflicted injury are significantly more likely to be associated with significant histological brain abnormalities.
Evaluation of spinosad for the oral treatment and control of flea infestations on dogs in Europe
Authors: Wolken S. , Franc M. , Bouhsira E. , Wiseman S. , Hayes B. , Schnitzler B. , Jacobs D. E. 
Published: December 2011

The novel ectoparasiticide spinosad is a naturally occurring mixture of spinosyns A and D formed during a fermentation process. The spinosyns are tetracyclic macrolides with a unique ring system. Their mode of action differs from that of other commercially available insecticides. Laboratory and field trials were conducted to evaluate the use of spinosad in a chewable tablet at a dose range of 45 to 70 mg/kg for the treatment and control of flea infestations on dogs in Europe. Laboratory studies with artificially infested dogs confirmed persistent activity against Ctenocephalides felis of higher than 99 per cent at three weeks post‐treatment with values of 96.5 to 97.8 per cent at four weeks. Two multicentric field trials with naturally infected client‐owned animals in five European countries used selamectin as comparator. Monthly doses were given during the summer when many homes were heavily infested. Households with spinosad‐treated dogs showed cumulative benefits with flea burdens reduced by about 97 per cent at 14 and 30 days and by 99.6 per cent at 60 and 90 days. Corresponding figures for selamectin were significantly lower (P<0.05) at all time points: between 88.5 and 91 per cent at 14 and 30 days, then 97.8 and 98.2 per cent at 60 and 90 days. Thus, the performance of spinosad compared favourably with that of the established reference product.
Comparison of homoeologous chromosome pairing between hybrids of wheat genotypes Chinese Springph1band Kaixian-luohanmai with rye
Authors: Hao Ming , Luo Jiangtao , Yang Min , Zhang Lianquan , Yan Zehong , Yuan Zhongwei , Zheng Youliang , Zhang Huaigang , Liu Dengcai 
Published: December 2011

The ph-like genes in the Chinese common wheat landrace Kaixian-luohanmai (KL) induce homoeologous pairing in hybrids with alien species. In the present study, meiotic phenotypic differences on homoeologous chromosome pairing at metaphase I between hybrids of wheat genotypes Chinese Spring ph1b (CSph1b) and KL with rye were studied by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The frequency of wheat–wheat associations was higher in CSph1b × rye than in KL × rye. However, frequencies of wheat–rye and rye–rye associations were higher in KL × rye than in CSph1b × rye. These differences may be the result of different mechanisms of control between the ph-like gene(s) controlling homoeologous chromosome pairing in KL and CSph1b. Wheat–wheat associations were much more frequent than wheat–rye pairing in both hybriods. This may be caused by lower overall affinity, or homoeology, between wheat and rye chromosomes than between wheat chromosomes.
Measurement of the interaction of aqueous copper(II) with a model amyloid-β protein fragment — Interference from buffers
Authors: Benn Michael H. , Rauk Arvi , Swaddle Thomas W. 
Published: December 2011

For the formation of a complex of Cu2+ with the amyloid-β (Aβ) proxy N-α-dihydrourocanylhistamine (L) in unbuffered aqueous solution (pH ∼ 5.7, 25.0 °C), UV spectrophotometric measurements give a stability constant of 3.8 × 105 L mol–1. This stability constant is within the lower limit of the range of stability constants reported in the literature for complexes of Aβ with Cu2+ — as expected, in view of the smaller number of coordination sites in L. Computer modeling indicates that the Cu2+–L complex is CuL(H2O)22+, with terdentate L bound to Cu2+ via two Nπ atoms and the O atom of the peptide link. Attempts to make stability constant measurements for Cu2+ with L in aqueous solution buffered with Tris/TrisH+/ClO4– to pH near 7.2 were unsuccessful because the Tris base when in large excess over CuL2+ promoted its dissociation to Cu2+ + L by scavenging free Cu2+ as Cu(Tris)(TrisH–1)+, or when in roughly equimolar concentrations formed a ternary adduct, CuL(Tris)2+. The interactions of Cu2+ with Tris buffer were re-examined spectrophotometrically and with the aid of computations that show that the most stable Cu2+–Tris complexes are the syn- and anti-isomers of Cu(Tris)22+, but in the experimental pH ranges these are present as Cu(Tris)(TrisH–1)+. Since Cu2+(aq) is strongly complexed by almost any base capable of forming a buffer system with near-physiological pH, stability constants reported for Cu2+–Aβ complexes in any buffer solution should be regarded with skepticism unless interactions of the buffer with Cu2+ and with CuAβ2+ are taken quantitatively into account. Moreover, in vivo, biological buffers will reduce the physiological importance of Aβ–Cu2+ complexes by competing with Aβ for Cu2+.
Density functional theory study of the vertical ionization energies of the valence and core electrons of cyclopentadiene, pyrrole, furan, and thiophene
Authors: Chong Delano P. 
Published: December 2011

The procedure abbreviated as ΔPBE0(SAOP)/et-pVQZ, based on density functional theory, was developed recently for the calculation of vertical ionization energies of the valence electrons of organic and other small molecules and succeeded in giving results with an average absolute deviation of 0.21 eV from experiment for a collection of 115 reliable test cases of nonperhalo molecules. The objective of this work is to add a number of test cases to the benchmark database. We chose the set of molecules cyclo-C4H4X, with X = CH2, NH, O, and S, previously studied by many workers both experimentally and theoretically. The results show that the ΔPBE0(SAOP)/et-pVQZ procedure is not only as good as ab initio methods such as SAC-CI, OVGF, and ADC(3) in performance, but also handles inner valence ionized cations more efficiently. Although the core-electron binding energies of the titled molecules have not been as well investigated theoretically, we apply the methods we developed in recent years to calculate the binding energies of C1s, N1s, O1s, S1s, and S2p, which compare well with available experimental data.