bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual presentation of herpes simplex virus infection in a boxer: ‘Boxing glove herpes’
Authors: García‐García Begoña , Galache‐Osuna Cristina , Coto‐Segura Pablo , Suárez‐Casado Héctor , Mallo‐García Susana , Jiménez Jorge Santos‐Juanes 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTHerein, we describe a patient with lesions of cutaneous herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) infection over the knuckles of both hands in the context of an outbreak among boxers. Interestingly, the infection had an unusually long duration (4 weeks), and was not acquired directly through skin‐to‐skin contact, as it usually does among athletes (herpes gladiatorum). In our case, transmission was acquired through the use of shared boxing gloves contaminated by HSV‐1. To the best of our knowledge, herpes gladiatorum, or wrestler's herpes, has not been described previously in boxers and infection over the knuckles is not commonly reported.
Stigma, Social Comparison and Self‐Esteem in Adults with an Intellectual Disability
Authors: Paterson Lucy , McKenzie Karen , Lindsay Bill 
Published: September 2011

Background  The paper examines the perception of stigma in 43 adults with an intellectual disability, the relationship this has with their psychological well‐being and whether the process of social comparison has a moderating effect on this relationship.Materials and Methods  A questionnaire‐based, within‐participant design was used. Participants completed three self‐report measures of perception of stigma, self‐esteem and social comparison.Results  Perception of stigma was found to be significantly related to negative social comparisons, which in turn was significantly related to low self‐esteem. No difference was found between social comparisons made with other service users and those made with people in the community. Social comparison was not found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between stigma and self‐esteem.Conclusion  This study provides support for the influence of the perception of stigma and social comparison on the self‐concept of individuals with an intellectual disability.
Does Household Structure Affect Adolescent Smoking?
Authors: Razaz‐Rahmati Neda , Nourian Sayed Reza , Okoli Chizimuzo T. C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo examine household structure when studying determinants of youth smoking, as the configuration of a family is an important factor in the etiology of adolescent problem behaviors.Design and SampleThe study sample (n = 13,001) included respondents aged 12–19 years who were either living in two‐parent households, single‐parent households, or no‐parent households, and with valid response to the smoking status questions from the Canadian Community Health Survey.MeasuresMultivariate logistic regression was used to test the presence and strength of the association between household structure and the likelihood of smoking while controlling for age, sex, household education, and exposure to secondhand smoking.ResultsThe odds of youth smoking in the single‐parent household was 1.78 times greater than the odds of youth smoking in two‐parent households. Similarly, the odds of youth smoking in no‐parent households was 1.47 times greater than the odds of youth smoking in two‐parent households.ConclusionsThe results indicate that there is an association between household structure and smoking among adolescents in Canada. Findings might be helpful for decision makers to recognize the context within which adolescents initiate and sustain smoking when developing strategies for the prevention and cessation of smoking among youth.
Influence of bone augmentation procedures on the short‐term prognosis of simultaneously placed implants
Authors: Rammelsberg Peter , Schmitter Marc , Gabbert Olaf , Lorenzo Bermejo Justo , Eiffler Constantin , Schwarz Stefanie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous bone‐augmentation procedures, and their combination, on the survival of dental implants and on the incidence of complications.Material and methodsWithin a retrospective analysis, 958 implants placed in 404 patients (mean age 58.18) were selected from a prospective clinical study. In 304 cases of reduced bone width, bone spreading (n = 217) with hand osteotomes, or bone splitting (n = 15), or guided bone regeneration (n = 72) combined with autogenous bone grafts were also performed. Eighty‐eight implants were placed in combination with simultaneous internal sinus floor elevation without using graft material. For 194 additional implants, several augmentation procedures were combined because of extensive bone deficits. Three‐hundred and seventy‐two conventionally placed implants served as controls. Implant failures and complications were recorded after a mean observation period of 2.1 years (maximum 6.9 years).ResultsSeventeen failures and nine additional implant‐related complications were observed. After 4 years, Kaplan–Meier curves revealed a probability of survival without complication of 97.5% for conventionally placed implants, and 95.8% for implants placed in combination with a single augmentation technique. If several augmentation techniques were combined, success decreased to 94.1%. Complication‐free survival differences between combined augmentation techniques and conventionally placed implants were significant (P = 0.004). Age, gender, and location showed no effect on implant survival.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that simultaneous bone‐augmentation techniques slightly reduce short‐term prognosis for dental implants. This effect was more pronounced when advanced defects required the combination of several augmentation procedures.
Design of therapeutic vaccines: hepatitis B as an example
Authors: Kutscher Sarah , Bauer Tanja , Dembek Claudia , Sprinzl Martin , Protzer Ulrike 
Published: September 2011

SummaryTherapeutic vaccines are currently developed for chronic viral infections, such as human papillomavirus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpesvirus and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infections. As an alternative to antiviral treatment or to support only partially effective therapy a therapeutic vaccine shall activate the patient's immune system to fight and finally control or ideally even eliminate the virus. Whereas the success of prophylactic vaccination is based on rapid neutralization of the invading pathogen by antibodies, virus control and elimination of infected cells require T cells. Therefore, induction of a multi‐specific and multifunctional T‐cell response against key viral antigens is a paradigm of therapeutic vaccination – besides activation of a humoral immune response to limit virus spread. In this review, we describe options to develop a therapeutic vaccine for chronic viral infections using HBV as a promising example.
Intracellular monitoring of target protein production in Staphylococcus aureus by peptide tag‐induced reporter fluorescence
Authors: Gauger Tina , Weihs Felix , Mayer Sonja , Krismer Bernhard , Liese Jan , Kull Melanie , Bertram Ralph 
Published: September 2011

SummaryAn intracellular approach for monitoring protein production in Staphylococcus aureus is described. mCherry, fused to the dodecapeptide Tip, was capable of inducing tetracycline repressor (TetR). Time‐ and concentration‐dependent production of mCherry could be correlated to TetR‐controlled GFPmut2 activity. This approach can potentially be extended to native S. aureus proteins.
Addressing psychological aspects of physical problems through sandplay: A grounded theory study of therapists’ views
Authors: Lagutina Larissa , Sperlinger David , Esterhuyzen Alexander 
Published: September 2011

Objectives. This study aimed to explore therapists’ understanding of how people with a wide range of physical problems address the psychological aspects of these problems through sandplay, what happens for them in the process, what changes they experience and what sandplay can contribute to working with such people.Design. This exploratory qualitative study used grounded theory to systematically analyse the data and construct a substantive theory of therapists’ understanding of the processes and themes involved in sandplay therapy with people with physical problems.Methods. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out with nine sandplay therapists with the participants asked about their experiences of using sandplay to address physical problems.Results. The participants offered evidence of their clients’ ability to address their physical problems and the corresponding psychological issues through symbolic expression in the sand. The emergent theory suggested that such symbolic expression could facilitate access to feelings and experiences that can be difficult to address through verbal therapy alone, thus facilitating the process of integration and recovery.Conclusions. The theory suggests how therapists thought that clients may address their physical problems through sandplay and what is important in that process. There was also a suggestion that the focus and themes unfolding in sandplay process may vary depending on whether the clients present with somatisation, chronic illness, or terminal illness.
Focused Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery From Microbubbles Reduces Drug Dose Necessary for Therapeutic Effect on Neointima Formation—Brief Report
Authors: Phillips Linsey C. , Dhanaliwala Ali H. , Klibanov Alexander L. , Hossack John A. , Wamhoff Brian R. 
Published: September 2011

Objective—
We hypothesized that (1) neointima formation in a rat carotid balloon injury model could be reduced in vivo following targeted ultrasound delivery of rapamycin microbubbles (RMBs), and (2) the addition of dual-mode ultrasound decreases the total amount of drug needed to reduce neointima formation.

Methods and Results—

Balloon injury was performed in rat carotids to induce neointima formation. High or low doses of RMBs were injected intravenously and ruptured at the site of injury with ultrasound. Compared with nontreated injured arteries, neointima formation was reduced by 0% and 35.9% with 10
8
RMBs and by 28.7% and 34.9% in arteries treated with 10
9
RMBs with and without ultrasound, respectively.

Conclusion—

Without ultrasound, 10-fold higher concentrations of RMBs were needed to reduce neointima formation by at least 28%, whereas 10
8
RMBs combined with ultrasound were sufficient to achieve the same therapeutic effect, demonstrating that this technology may have promise for localized potent drug therapy.
Obesity and Recurrent Vascular Risk After a Recent Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ovbiagele Bruce , Bath Philip M. , Cotton Daniel , Vinisko Richard , Diener Hans-Christoph 
Published: September 2011

Background and Purpose—
Although obesity is an established risk factor for the occurrence of a primary stroke, little is known about the impact of baseline obesity on recurrent vascular risk among patients with recently symptomatic cerebrovascular disease. We evaluated the association of obesity with future vascular risk in patients with a recent history of stroke.

Methods—
We analyzed the database of a multicenter trial involving 20 332 patients with recent ischemic stroke followed for 2.5 years. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to recognized body mass index categories representing lean, overweight, and obese. Primary outcome was time to first recurrent stroke and secondary outcome time to stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. The independent association of obesity with outcome was assessed by controlling for other known risk factors.

Results—
Of 20 246 eligible subjects, 4805 (24%) were obese. After adjusting for confounders, compared with the lean group, being overweight (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.85–1.06) or obese (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83–1.08) was not associated with increased recurrent stroke risk, but being overweight (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77–0.92) or obese (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.96) was associated with lower risk of a major vascular event.

Conclusions—
Obesity is not related to recurrent stroke risk, but obese patients with stroke are at lower overall vascular risk than their leaner counterparts, supporting the widely held notion of the existence of a cardiovascular “obesity paradox.”
Molecular mechanisms of intensive care unit-acquired weakness
Authors: Bloch S. , Polkey M.I. , Griffiths M. , Kemp P. 
Published: September 2011

Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) is an increasingly recognised and important clinical consequence of critical illness. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The aetiology of this disease is not well understood. The purpose of this article is to review our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of ICUAW in the context of current knowledge of clinical risk factors and aetiology.Key features of the disease are loss of muscle mass resulting from a shift in the dynamic balance of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown and a reduction in force-generating capacity. These alternations are secondary to neuropathy, disruption of the myofilament structure and function, a disrupted sarcoplasmic reticulum, electrical inexcitability and bioenergenetic failure.As knowledge and understanding of ICUAW grows, potential therapeutic targets will be identified, hopefully leading to multiple strategies for prevention and treatment of this important condition.
Genome-wide examination of the transcriptional response to ecdysteroids 20-hydroxyecdysone and ponasterone A in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Gonsalves Sarah E , Neal Scott J , Kehoe Amy S , Westwood J Timothy 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) hierarchy of gene activation serves as an attractive model system for studying the mode of steroid hormone regulated gene expression and development. Many structural analogs of 20E exist in nature and among them the plant-derived ponasterone A (PoA) is the most potent. PoA has a higher affinity for the 20E nuclear receptor, composed of the ecysone receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle proteins, than 20E and a comparison of the genes regulated by these hormones has not been performed. Furthermore, in Drosophila different cell types elicit different morphological responses to 20E yet the cell type specificity of the 20E transcriptional response has not been examined on a genome-wide scale. We aim to characterize the transcriptional response to 20E and PoA in Drosophila Kc cells and to 20E in salivary glands and provide a robust comparison of genes involved in each response.

Results
Our genome-wide microarray analysis of Kc167 cells treated with 20E or PoA revealed that far more genes are regulated by PoA than by 20E (256 vs 148 respectively) and that there is very little overlap between the transcriptional responses to each hormone. Interestingly, genes induced by 20E relative to PoA are enriched in functions related to development. We also find that many genes regulated by 20E in Kc167 cells are not regulated by 20E in salivary glands of wandering 3rd instar larvae and we show that 20E-induced levels of EcR isoforms EcR-RA, ER-RC, and EcR-RD/E differ between Kc cells and salivary glands suggesting a possible cause for the observed differences in 20E-regulated gene transcription between the two cell types.

Conclusions
We report significant differences in the transcriptional responses of 20E and PoA, two steroid hormones that differ by only a single hydroxyl group. We also provide evidence that suggests that PoA induced death of non-adapted insects may be related to PoA regulating different set of genes when compared to 20E. In addition, we reveal large differences between Kc cells and salivary glands with regard to their genome-wide transcriptional response to 20E and show that the level of induction of certain EcR isoforms differ between Kc cells and salivary glands. We hypothesize that the differences in the transcriptional response may in part be due to differences in the EcR isoforms present in different cell types.
Granulomatous hepatitis, choroiditis and aortoduodenal fistula complicating intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy: Case report
Authors: Gao Cindy Q , Mithani Rozina , Leya Jack , Dawravoo Lesley , Bhatia Arvin , Antoine John , De Alba Felipe , Russo Peter A , Fimmel Claus J 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the treatment of choice for superficial bladder carcinoma. Complications of BCG therapy include local infections and disseminated BCG infection with multiple endorgan complications.

Case Presentation
We report a case of disseminated, post-treatment BCG infection that initially presented with granulomatous hepatitis and choroiditis. After successful anti-mycobacterial therapy and resolution of the hepatic and ocular abnormalities, the patient developed an acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from an aortoduodenal fistula that required emergency surgery. The resection specimen revealed multifocal, non-caseating granulomas, indicating mycobacterial involvement.

Conclusions
This case highlights the varied end organ complications of disseminated BCG infection, and the need for vigilance even in immuno-competent patients with a history of intravesical BCG treatment.
Virologic and clinical characteristics of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes in 487 Chinese pediatric patients with CHB
Authors: Zhong Yan-Wei , Li Jin , Song Hong-Bin , Duan Zhong-Ping , Dong Yi , Xing Xiao-Yan , Li Xiao-Dong , Gu Mei-Lei , Han Yu-Kun , Zhu Shi-Shu , Zhang Hong-Fei 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The association of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes/subgenotypes with clinical characteristics is increasingly recognized. However, the virologic and clinical features of HBV genotypes/subgenotypes in pediatric patients remain largely unknown.

Methods
Four hundred and eighty-seven pediatric inpatients with CHB were investigated, including 217 nucleos(t)ide analog-experienced patients. HBV genotypes/subgenotypes and reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations were determined by direct sequencing. The stage of fibrosis and degree of inflammatory activity were evaluated by the Metavir score system.

Results
Among 487 enrolled pediatric patients, HBV genotype C2 and B2 were the most two prevalent (73.7% and 21.1%). Comparing with HBV/B2 infected patients, no significant difference was observed in the incidence rate and mutant patterns of lamivudine- or adefovir-resistant mutations in HBV/C2 infected patients (P > 0.05). Importantly, we found that the degree of hepatic inflammation degree, fibrosis stage and ALT level were significantly higher in HBV/C2-infected HBeAg positive patients than it was in HBV/B2-infected ones.

Conclusions
The pediatric patients with HBV/C2 infection might be more susceptible to develop severe liver pathogenesis.
Facile method to synthesize magnetic iron oxides/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles and their photodegradation application of methylene blue
Authors: Wu Wei , Xiao Xiangheng , Zhang Shaofeng , Ren Feng , Jiang Changzhong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMany methods have been reported to improving the photocatalytic efficiency of organic pollutant and their reliable applications. In this work, we propose a facile pathway to prepare three different types of magnetic iron oxides/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) by seed-mediated method. The hybrid NPs are composed of spindle, hollow, and ultrafine iron oxide NPs as seeds and 3-aminopropyltriethyloxysilane as linker between the magnetic cores and TiO2 layers, respectively. The composite structure and the presence of the iron oxide and titania phase have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The hybrid NPs show good magnetic response, which can get together under an external applied magnetic field and hence they should become promising magnetic recovery catalysts (MRCs). Photocatalytic ability examination of the magnetic hybrid NPs was carried out in methylene blue (MB) solutions illuminated under Hg light in a photochemical reactor. About 50% to 60% of MB was decomposed in 90 min in the presence of magnetic hybrid NPs. The synthesized magnetic hybrid NPs display high photocatalytic efficiency and will find recoverable potential applications in cleaning polluted water with the help of magnetic separation.
A survey of classical methods and new trends in pansharpening of multispectral images
Authors: Amro Israa , Mateos Javier , Vega Miguel , Molina Rafael , Katsaggelos Aggelos K 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThere exist a number of satellites on different earth observation platforms, which provide multispectral images together with a panchromatic image, that is, an image containing reflectance data representative of a wide range of bands and wavelengths. Pansharpening is a pixel-level fusion technique used to increase the spatial resolution of the multispectral image while simultaneously preserving its spectral information. In this paper, we provide a review of the pan-sharpening methods proposed in the literature giving a clear classification of them and a description of their main characteristics. Finally, we analyze how the quality of the pansharpened images can be assessed both visually and quantitatively and examine the different quality measures proposed for that purpose.
Assessments for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: use of objective measurements
Authors: Vogt Carsten , Shameli Amirreza 
Published: September 2011

Aims and methodTo appraise the value of additional information from objective measurements (QbTest system) in the clinical assessment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Two groups of ADHD assessments were compared. In the first group, assessments were undertaken without objective measures, whereas in the second group objective measures were added to the assessment. Practice outcomes were followed up over 1 year.ResultsObjective measures improve differentiating between ADHD and other conditions whose symptoms are known to overlap with ADHD. Objective measurements reduce the risk of unidentified ADHD (P< 0.0035) as measured by subsequent rates of revised diagnosis over a 12-month period.Clinical implicationsIntroducing objective measurements into the clinical assessment of ADHD provides an increased robustness of the clinical diagnosis strengthening clinical decisions for treatment interventions.
Improving psychiatry training in the Foundation Programme
Authors: Welch Jan , Bridge Christine , Firth David , Forrest Alastair 
Published: September 2011

Aims and methodWe explored the views of foundation doctors on psychiatry placements to inform further post development. Following criticism of some South Thames Foundation School (STFS) psychiatry placements, STFS staff reviewed existing information on post quality and 21 foundation doctors in psychiatry posts took part in three focus groups.ResultsTrainees are concerned about the general quality of posts (including supervision and induction); isolation of mental health trusts from ‘acute’ trusts; the professional position of junior psychiatrists; and responsibilities related to the Mental Health Act and risk assessment. Requirements for posts to address these issues have been developed and are now being implemented locally.Clinical implicationsThe conclusions are relevant to the quality management of foundation posts in mental health trusts, responses to the Collins Report (2010) and future recruitment into psychiatry.