bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calix[8]arene Functionalized Polyglycerol Nanogels for Encapsulation and Stabilization of Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Steinhilber Dirk , Paulus Florian , Zill Andrew T. , Zimmerman Steven C. , Haag Rainer 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report on the preparation of calix[8]arene functionalized polyglycerol nanogels by miniemulsion polymerization. The gel macromonomers were prepared by anionic ring-opening multibranching polymerization of glycidol using calix[8]arene as initiator. 1,1′,3,3,3′,3′-hexamethyl-2,2′-indotricarbocyanine iodide (HITC) red fluorescent dye was used as a guest molecule. Photobleaching upon strong laser illumination was significantly reduced when the dye was encapsulated inside the nanogel.
Birthing Positions During Second Stage of Labor and Long-Term Psychological Outcomes in Low-Risk Women
Authors: de Jonge Ank , Rijnders Marlies , van Diem Mariet Th. , Scheepers Peer L. H. , Lagro-Janssen Antoine L. M. 
Published: February 2012

PURPOSE: To examine the long-term influence of birthing positions during the second stage of labor, as well as other factors, on birth satisfaction, self-esteem (based on the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale [RSE]) and emotional well-being (based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [EPDS]).STUDY DESIGN: Three to four years after delivery, a postal questionnaire was sent to all 3,200 women who received care in eight midwifery care practices from all over the country in 2001. Of those who responded (44%), we included 591 low-risk women in the study who were in midwife-led care at the time of birth.MAJOR FINDINGS: Birthing positions were not related to childbirth satisfaction, self-esteem, or emotional well-being. Age between 26 and 35 years was associated with being very satisfied and with enhanced emotional well-being. Pain, fear for own or baby’s life, and negative experience with the midwife were associated with reduced satisfaction. Only age between 26 and 35 years and higher education were related to higher self-esteem.MAIN CONCLUSION: Concern about long-term psychological outcomes is not a reason to recommend either supine or nonsupine positions. Women should use positions that are most comfortable. Further research should clarify whether having a choice in the use of birthing positions rather than the type of position influences psychological outcomes.
Assessment of reactive oxygen species production in cultured equine skeletal myoblasts in response to conditions of anoxia followed by reoxygenation with or without exposure to peroxidases
Authors: Ceusters Justine D. , Mouithys-Mickalad Ange A. , de la Rebière de Pouyade Geoffroy , Franck Thierry J. , Votion Dominique M. , Deby-Dupont Ginette P. , Serteyn Didier A. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To culture equine myoblasts from muscle microbiopsy specimens, examine myoblast production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in conditions of anoxia followed by reoxygenation, and assess the effects of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) on ROS production.
Animals—5 healthy horses (5 to 15 years old).
Procedures—Equine skeletal myoblast cultures were derived from 1 or 2 microbiopsy specimens obtained from a triceps brachii muscle of each horse. Cultured myoblasts were exposed to conditions of anoxia followed by reoxygenation or to conditions of normoxia (control cells). Cell production of ROS in the presence or absence of HRP or MPO was assessed by use of a gas chromatography method, after which cells were treated with a 3,3′-diaminobenzidine chromogen solution to detect peroxidase binding.
Results—Equine skeletal myoblasts were successfully cultured from microbiopsy specimens. In response to anoxia and reoxygenation, ROS production of myoblasts increased by 71%, compared with that of control cells. When experiments were performed in the presence of HRP or MPO, ROS production in myoblasts exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation was increased by 228% and 183%, respectively, compared with findings for control cells. Chromogen reaction revealed a close adherence of peroxidases to cells, even after several washes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that equine skeletal myoblast cultures can be generated from muscle microbiopsy specimens. Anoxia-reoxygenationtreated myoblasts produced ROS, and production was enhanced in the presence of peroxidases. This experimental model could be used to study the damaging effect of exercise on muscles in athletic horses.
Effects of a urolith prevention diet on urine compositions of glycosaminoglycans, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, and nephrocalcin in cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis
Authors: Lulich Jody P. , Osborne Carl A. , Carvalho Mauricio , Nakagawa Yasushi 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate urine concentrations of glycosaminoglycans, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, and nephrocalcin in cats fed a diet formulated to prevent calcium oxalate uroliths.
Animals—10 cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
Procedures—In a previous study conducted in accordance with a balanced crossover design, cats were sequentially fed 2 diets (the diet each cat was consuming prior to urolith detection and a diet formulated to prevent calcium oxalate uroliths). Each diet was fed for 8 weeks. At the end of each 8-week period, a 72-hour urine sample was collected. Concentrations of glycosaminoglycans, Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein, and the 4 isoforms of nephrocalcin in urine samples collected during that previous study were measured in the study reported here.
Results—Diet had no effect on the quantity of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and nephrocalcin in urine. However, the urine concentration of glycosaminoglycans was significantly higher during consumption of the urolith prevention diet.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Feeding a urolith prevention diet increased the urine concentration of glycosaminoglycans, which are glycoprotein inhibitors of growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals.
The Use of the Wii Fit in Forensic Mental Health: Exercise for People at Risk of Obesity
Authors: Bacon Nicola , Farnworth Louise , Boyd Richard 
Published: February 2012

Introduction: Side effects of psychotropic medication often lead to rapid weight gain, having detrimental effects on forensic mental health patients' health, wellbeing, occupational performance and quality of life. Virtual reality technology could provide novel environments and motivating forums for exercise, which are otherwise unavailable to patients in such secure settings. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the use of the Nintendo Wii Fit in changing engagement in physical activity for patients at risk of obesity at a secure hospital. Method: Two participants used a Wii Fit for 8 weeks in individual or group sessions. A mixed methods approach was taken, because participants' use of the Wii Fit was compared with their attitudes towards it (reported during interviews) and their daily physical activity levels (measured using an accelerometer). Researcher field notes were also used to gather contextual data. Findings: Participants played Wii Fit up to four times a week in sessions ranging from 7 to 127 minutes. When using the Wii Fit, participants increased their overall time spent actively moving their bodies in physical activity, as measured by the accelerometer. Using the Wii Fit also changed participants' attitudes towards exercise as they realised that it could be ‘fun’ and ‘challenging’, especially if staff members also participated. Conclusion: The Wii Fit encouraged patients to attempt physical activities and to learn about their bodily response to exercise. It provided a meaningful occupational intervention in a secure setting and demonstrated a potential use of the technology in mental health settings.
High ratio of resting energy expenditure to body mass in childhood and adolescence: A mechanistic model
Authors: Wang Zimian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground:Children have lower resting energy expenditure (REE) but higher ratio of resting energy expenditure to body mass (REE/BM) than do adults. This well‐known observation has never been quantitatively explained.Objectives:The aim of the present study is to understand the high REE/BM in childhood and adolescence.Design:A mechanistic REE/BM model is proposed. Literature data on REE, BM and the masses of four high metabolic rate organs (i.e., liver, brain, heart and kidneys) of 1–18 y boys and girls were used to evaluate the proposed REE/BM model. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that the magnitude and variation of the REE/BM can be predicted by a combination of four variables, including relative cellularity, growth energy expenditure for constructing new cells, fraction of body mass as individual organs/tissues, and their specific resting energy expenditure.Results:The REE/BM provided by the literature is 54 kcal/kg per day at 1 year, decreasing to 26.0 kcal/kg per day at 18 years. Model‐predicted REE/BM can account for 97.0% and 100.7% of the literature‐reported REE/BM in males and females, respectively. The average differences between literature‐reported and model‐predicted REE/BM are 1.1 kcal/kg per day in boys and −0.3 kcal/kg per day in girls.Conclusion:The high REE/BM ratio in childhood results from two model variables: the high fraction of body mass as liver, brain, heart, and kidneys, and their high specific resting metabolic rates. The proposed REE/BM model promotes understanding of the REE, and allows a rational establishment of energy requirements for children and adolescents. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Technological Developments in IGCC for Carbon Capture
Authors: Prins M. , van den Berg R. , van Holthoon E. , van Dorst E. , Geuzebroek F. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLegislation will soon require significant carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to show how advances in technology can further improve the high efficiencies of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants and to determine whether the efficiency penalty for pre‐combustion removal of CO2 can be minimized. An in‐house study was carried out and the methodology is explained. Technological developments are explained for IGCC in general, e.g., improved gas turbines, and for IGCC with CCS, e.g., in the field of more efficient water gas shift and CO2 removal processes. The results show that the 48 % coal‐to‐power efficiency can be surpassed and the efficiency penalty for CCS minimized to 7 %. This is possible using near‐commercial technologies.
Phase II study of Gleevec plus hydroxyurea in adults with progressive or recurrent low‐grade glioma
Authors: Reardon David A. , Desjardins Annick , Vredenburgh James J. , Herndon James E. , Coan April , Gururangan Sridharan , Peters Katherine B. , McLendon Roger , Sathornsumetee Sith , Rich Jeremy N. , Lipp Eric S. , Janney Dorothea , Friedman Henry S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:We evaluated the efficacy of imatinib plus hydroxyurea in patients with progressive/recurrent low‐grade glioma.METHODS:A total of 64 patients with recurrent/progressive low‐grade glioma were enrolled in this single‐center study that stratified patients into astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma cohorts. All patients received 500 mg of hydroxyurea twice a day. Imatinib was administered at 400 mg per day for patients not on enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) and at 500 mg twice a day if on EIAEDs. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival at 12 months (PFS‐12) and secondary endpoints were safety, median progression‐free survival, and radiographic response rate.RESULTS:Thirty‐two patients were enrolled into each cohort. Eleven patients (17%) had before radiotherapy and 24 (38%) had received before chemotherapy. The median PFS and PFS‐12 were 11 months and 39%, respectively. Outcome did not differ between the histologic cohorts. No patient achieved a radiographic response. The most common grade 3 or greater adverse events were neutropenia (11%), thrombocytopenia (3%), and diarrhea (3%).CONCLUSIONS:Imatinib plus hydroxyurea was well tolerated among recurrent/progressive LGG patients but this regimen demonstrated negligible antitumor activity. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Very long‐term follow‐up results of imatinib mesylate therapy in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after failure of interferon alpha therapy
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , O'Brien Susan , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Faderl Stefan , Ravandi Farhad , Jabbour Elias , Shan Jianqin , Cortes Jorge 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The long‐term outcome of patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia treated with imatinib after failure of interferon alpha therapy has not been detailed.METHODS:In total, 368 patients were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted using standard statistical methods.RESULTS:Overall, 247 patients (67%) achieved a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR). Of the 327 patients who were studied, 207 patients (63%) achieved a major molecular response (MMR), and 99 patients (30%) had undetectable breakpoint cluster region/c‐abl oncogene (BCR‐ABL) levels at some time during therapy. The estimated 10‐year survival rate was 68%, the progression‐free survival rate was 67%, and the event‐free survival rate was 51%. In multivariate analysis, age ≥60 years, hemoglobin <10 g/dL, bone marrow basophils ≥5%, any peripheral blasts, and clonal evolution were independent adverse factors for survival. The estimated 7‐year survival rate according to the presence of no factors (n = 154), 1 or 2 factors (n = 190), or ≥3 factors (n = 24) were 93%, 70%, and 25%, respectively (P< .01). Achieving an MMR, a CCyR, or a partial cytogenetic response at 12 months was associated with significantly better 10‐year survival rate in a landmark analysis (10‐year survival rate, 80%‐90%) compared with achieving a minor cytogenetic response or a complete hematologic response (10‐year survival rate, 55%‐65%) or another response (10‐year survival rate, 10%). In a landmark analysis that included imatinib response at 12 months, achieving a major cytogenetic response or better (hazard ratio, 0.12;P< .001) and achieving a complete hematologic response or a minor cytogenetic response (hazard ratio, 0.36;P= .003) were significant favorable prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that the estimated 10‐year survival rate of 68% for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who receive imatinib after failure on interferon has improved. Cancer 2012;118: 3116–22. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A Systematic Approach to Alkali Biuretooxophosphates
Authors: Wirnhier Eva , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBiuretooxophosphates represent a link between carbon nitride and phosphorus (oxo)nitride precursor chemistry being closely related to cyanurates and trimetaphosphimates. The group of alkali biuretooxophosphates has been complemented by the synthesis of four salts M[PO2(NH)3(CO)2]·xH2O in which M = Li, K, Rb, and Cs (x = 1, 0, 0.5, 0, respectively). The structures were solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and compared with the corresponding ammonium and sodium salts. For all of the salts, the 1‐phospha‐2,4,6‐s‐triazine ring exhibits a nearly planar conformation with the phosphorus atom being slightly deflected. In the sequence Li to Cs, the crystal structures show a significant change in orientation leading from a parallel to a perpendicular arrangement of the rings, the latter being bridged by N–H···O bonds. The thermal behavior of the biuretooxophosphates was examined by means of temperature‐dependent powder X‐ray diffraction measurements and combined thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Moreover, the FTIR and photoluminescence spectra of the salts are discussed.
Development of a delirium risk screening tool for long‐term care facilities
Authors: McCusker Jane , Cole Martin G. , Voyer Philippe , Ciampi Antonio , Monette Johanne , Champoux Nathalie , Vu Minh , Belzile Eric 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to develop a delirium risk screening tool for use in long‐term care (LTC) facilities.MethodsThe sample comprised residents aged 65 years and over of seven LTC facilities in Montreal and Quebec City, Canada, admitted for LTC. Primary analyses were conducted among residents without delirium at baseline. Incident delirium was diagnosed using multiple data sources during the 6‐month follow‐up. Risk factors, all measured at or prior to baseline, included the following six groups: sociodemographic, medical, cognitive status, physical function, agitated behavior, and symptoms of depression. Variables were analyzed individually and by group using Cox regression models. Clinical judgment was used to select the most feasible among similarly performing factors.ResultsThe cohort comprised 206 residents without delirium at baseline; 69 cases of incident delirium were observed (rate 7.6 per 100 person weeks). The best‐performing screening tool comprised five items, with an overall area under the curve of 0.82 (95% CI 0.76, 0.88). These items included brief measures of cognitive status, physical function, behavioral, and emotional problems. Using cut‐points of 2 (or 3) over 5, the scale has a sensitivity of 90% (63%), specificity of 59% (85%), and positive predictive value of 52% (66%).ConclusionsThis brief screening tool allows nurses to identify LTC residents at increased risk for delirium. These residents can be targeted for closer monitoring and preventive interventions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct stimulation of the autonomic nervous system modulates activity of the brain at rest and when engaged in a cognitive task
Authors: Basile Barbara , Bassi Andrea , Calcagnini Giovanni , Strano Stefano , Caltagirone Carlo , Macaluso Emiliano , Cortelli Pietro , Bozzali Marco 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe effect of autonomic perturbation (AP) on the central nervous system functioning is still largely unknown. Using an automated neck suction device to stimulate the carotid mechanoreceptors in the carotid sinus (parasympathetic pathway), operated synchronously with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition, we investigated the effects of AP on the activity of the brain at rest and when engaged in a visuo‐spatial attention task. ECG was always recorded to index changes in autonomic function. At rest, AP induced increased activation in the insula and in the amygdala, which have been previously associated with the autonomic control and emotion processing, as well as in the caudate nucleus and in the medial temporal cortex, both implicated in cognitive functions. Despite a preserved performance during visuo‐spatial attention task, AP induced increased reaction times and a positive modulation on the activation of the right posterior parietal cortex, the occipital cortex, the periaquiductal gray, and nuclei of the brainstem. We speculate that this modulation of brain activity represents, at different anatomical levels, a compensation mechanism to maintain cognitive efficiency under parasympathetic stimulation, which is traditionally considered as the system for energy regain and storage. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence of a dynamic interaction between AP and higher level functions in humans. Hum Brain Mapp, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of annual endoscopic screening on clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment modality of gastric cancer in a high‐incidence region of Korea
Authors: Chung Su Jin , Park Min Jung , Kang Seung Joo , Kang Hae Yeon , Chung Goh Eun , Kim Sang Gyun , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe investigated risk factors for gastric cancer (GC) and effect of annual endoscopic screening on detection and treatment modality of GC. Asymptomatic adults who underwent upper endoscopy during health checkups at Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center were enrolled. We compared clinicopathologic characteristics of GC according to screening interval (repeated vs. infrequent, annual vs. biennial). After age‐ and sex‐matching, relative risk was computed by hazard ratio (HR) using Cox proportional regression with multivariate adjustment. Of the 58,849 subjects who received screening endoscopy, 277 (0.47%) were found to have GC. Intestinal type comprised 55.4% (102/184) followed by diffuse type (n = 65, 35.3%). Age ≥50 years, family history and smoking independently increased the risk of GC for both types, whereas male gender [HR = 4.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.72–8.03] and intestinal metaplasia (IM) (HR = 10.87, 95% CI: 3.36–22.30) were significant predictors for intestinal type only. Proportion of early gastric cancer (EGC) was 98.6% (71/72) in annual screening group and 80.7% (46/57) in biennial screening group (p < 0.01). In the former, tumor size was smaller (1.7 ± 1.3 vs. 2.3 ± 1.8 cm; p < 0.01] and proportion of intramucosal cancer was larger (75.0 vs. 56.1%; p = 0.04). Endoscopic resection was performed more frequently in annual screening group (56.9 vs. 33.3%; p = 0.02). IM along with male gender and older age was a strong risk factor for intestinal type GC. Annual screening group improved detection of early‐stage and endoscopically treatable GC suggesting that intensive screening and surveillance may be useful for high‐risk subpopulations with epidemiologic risk factors or premalignant lesions such as IM.
Integrated multimodal optical microscopy for structural and functional imaging of engineered and natural skin
Authors: Zhao Youbo , Graf Benedikt W. , Chaney Eric J. , Mahmassani Ziad , Antoniadou Eleni , DeVolder Ross , Kong Hyunjoon , Boppart Marni D. , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn integrated multimodal optical microscope is demonstrated for high‐resolution, structural and functional imaging of engineered and natural skin. This microscope incorporates multiple imaging modalities including optical coherence (OCM), multi‐photon (MPM), and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), enabling simultaneous visualization of multiple contrast sources and mechanisms from cells and tissues. Spatially co‐registered OCM/MPM/FLIM images of multi‐layered skin tissues are obtained, which are formed based on complementary information provided by different modalities, i.e., scattering information from OCM, molecular information from MPM, and functional cellular metabolism states from FLIM. Cellular structures in both the dermis and epidermis, especially different morphological and physiological states of keratinocytes from different epidermal layers, are revealed by mutually‐validating images. In vivo imaging of human skin is also investigated, which demonstrates the potential of multimodal microscopy for in vivo investigation during engineered skin engraftment. This integrated imaging technique and microscope show the potential for investigating cellular dynamics in developing engineered skin and following in vivo grafting, which will help refine the control and culturing conditions necessary to obtain more robust and physiologically‐relevant engineered skin substitutes. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)