bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex care systems in developing countries
Authors: Dye Timothy D. , Bogale Solomon , Hobden Claire , Tilahun Yared , Hechter Vanessa , Deressa Teshome , Bizé Marion , Reeler Anne 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:As the global visibility and importance of breast cancer increases, especially in developing countries, ensuring that countries strengthen and develop health systems that support prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a complex chronic disease is a priority. Understanding how breast cancer patients navigate health systems to reach appropriate levels of care is critical in assessing and improving the health system response in countries to an increasing breast cancer burden in their populations. Ethiopia has accelerated attention to breast cancer, expanding clinical and public health efforts at diagnosing and treating breast cancer earlier and more efficiently.METHODS:This project used a mixed‐method approach to assessing patient navigation of the healthcare system that resulted in care at the cancer referral hospital for Ethiopia (Tikur Anbessa Hospital [TAH]). In total, 69 patients representative of the entire breast cancer clinical population at TAH were interviewed.RESULTS:Navigation chains are widely divergent and typically involve 3 or more care nodes until they reach the referral hospital. Patients who consult traditional healers have significantly more care nodes to reach the referral hospital than others, and patients who have direct access to local and regional hospitals have the smallest number of care nodes. Patients report moving laterally from 1 health institution to another or regressing to lower levels of care, sometimes complicated by reinvolving traditional healers.CONCLUSIONS:The care system can be streamlined for breast cancer patients in Ethiopia to facilitate patient access to available and clinically effective diagnostic and treatment services in the country, largely through improving local primary care and hospital capacity to provide basic breast cancer services and improve detection and referral. Cancer 2010. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Quality of life after adjuvant intra‐arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy versus surgery alone in resectable pancreatic and periampullary cancer
Authors: Morak Marjolein J. M. , Pek Chulja J. , Kompanje Erwin J. O. , Hop Wim C. J. , Kazemier Geert , van Eijck Casper H. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Adjuvant therapies for pancreatic and periampullary cancer reportedly achieve only a marginal survival benefit. In this randomized controlled trial, 120 patients with resected pancreatic or periampullary cancer received either adjuvant celiac axis infusion chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy (CAI/RT) or no adjuvant treatment. The objective of the study was to compare the quality of life (QoL) in patients who received CAI/RT after pancreatoduodenectomy with the QoL in patients who did not receive adjuvant treatment.METHODS:During and after CAI/RT, QoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL Questionnaire C30 every 3 months during the first 24 months after randomization.RESULTS:Eighty‐six percent of patients (n = 103) completed 1 or more questionnaires. In total, 355 questionnaires were completed. The results indicated that CAI/RT did not impair physical, emotional, or social functioning. During and after CAI/RT, patients had significantly less pain (P = .02) and less nausea and vomiting (P = .01). Overall QoL (global functioning) tended to be better (P = .08) after CAI/RT.CONCLUSIONS:Over a period of 24 months, CAI/RT improved QoL compared with observation alone in patients with resected pancreatic and periampullary cancer. This beneficial effect of CAI/RT was most prominent in the latter half of the follow‐up. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Polarized Absorption, Spontaneous and Stimulated Blue Light Emission of J‐type Tetraphenylbutadiene Monocrystals
Authors: Tavazzi Silvia , Silvestri Leonardo , Miozzo Luciano , Papagni Antonio , Spearman Peter , Ianelli Sandra , Girlando Alberto , Camposeo Andrea , Polo Marco , Pisignano Dario 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBlue amplified spontaneous emission at room temperature is demonstrated from the exposed face of the strongly emitting organic semiconductor 1,1,4,4‐tetraphenyl‐1,3‐butadiene in single crystal form. The symmetry of the crystal and calculation of lattice sums indicate the J‐type organization of the molecular transition moments. The minimum in the lowest exciton dispersion branch, from which emission takes place, is found at the edge of the Brillouin zone leading to a dominant vibronic emission since the zero‐phonon line is forbidden. The observed gain narrowed line is attributed to the vibronic replica which becomes amplified with increased pumping. The reported emission is along the normal to the exposed crystal face, important for the development of vertical cavity geometry lasers based on organic single crystals. The threshold excitation fluence of 400 μJ cm−2 is comparable to other organic crystalline systems, even if the amplification path is much reduced as a consequence of the vertical geometry. Considering these relevant aspects, the optical characterization of this material is provided. The polarized absorption spectra are reported and the properties of the lowest‐energy excitonic state investigated. Calculation of the electronic transitions for the isolated molecule, lattice sums for the transition at lowest energy, and the symmetry of the crystal allow attributing the largest face of the samples and the observed optical bands in the spectra. Polarized time‐resolved spectra are also reported allowing to identify the intrinsic excitonic emission.
Controlled Interfacial Assembly and Transfer of Brushlike Copolymer Films
Authors: Lerum Ronald V. , Bermudez Harry 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe self‐assembly and compression of polybutadiene‐bpoly(ethylene oxide) (PBd–PEO) at the air/water interface enables control over surface density, height, and film structure. Interfacial transfer was performed by a combination of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) and Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) techniques, resulting in monolayer and bilayer films. Ellipsometry and wettability results were used to characterize the efficiency of transfer and to determine the properties of the resulting films, confirming a brushlike monolayer. Importantly, a high surface density is essential to obtain the desired film structure (i.e. a dense brush) and surface properties. The films were challenged by adsorption of fibrinogen, and the results are consistent with the notion of a PEO‐enriched, and protein‐repellant, bilayer surface. Such a bilayer film provides an opportunity for a tunable biomaterial interface to probe cell‐surface interactions.
A mouse model to dissect progesterone signaling in the female reproductive tract and mammary gland
Authors: Fernandez‐Valdivia Rodrigo , Jeong Jaewook , Mukherjee Atish , Soyal Selma M. , Li Jie , Ying Yan , DeMayo Francesco J. , Lydon John P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractConsidering the regulatory complexities of progesterone receptor (PR) action throughout the female reproductive axis and mammary gland, we generated a mouse model that enables conditional ablation of PR function in a spatiotemporal specific manner. Exon 2 of the murine PR gene was floxed to generate a conditional PR allele (PRflox) in mice. Crossing the PRflox/flox mouse with the ZP3‐cre transgenic demonstrated that the PRflox allele recombines to a PR null allele (PRd). Mice homozygous for the recombined null PR allele (PRd/d) exhibit uterine, ovarian, and mammary gland defects that phenocopy those of our previously described PR knockout (PRKO) model. Therefore, this conditional mouse model for PR ablation represents an invaluable resource with which to further define in a developmental and/or reproductive stage‐specific manner the individual and integrative roles of distinct PR populations resident in multiple progesterone‐responsive target sites. genesis 48:106–113, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Enantiopure Benzyl Homoallylamines by Indium‐Mediated Barbier‐Type Allylation Combined with Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution: Towards the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of N‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Hietanen Ari , Saloranta Tiina , Rosenberg Sara , Laitinen Evelina , Leino Reko , Kanerva Liisa T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBarbier‐type indium‐mediated allylations of different N,N‐(dimethylsulfamoyl)‐protected aldimines with a number of allyl bromides followed by high‐yielding deprotection afforded allylic amines in good to excellent yields. The racemic amines were then subjected to enzymatic kinetic resolution in order to obtain the corresponding (S)‐amines and (R)‐amides. When acyl donors with a terminal double bond were applied in the enzymatic kinetic resolution, the product amide could be converted into unsaturated lactams in a straightforward manner by utilizing ring‐closing metathesis. Furthermore, the enantiopure (S)‐1‐phenylbut‐3‐enylamine was converted into the corresponding diallylamine, which was subjected to ring‐closing metathesis to yield a substituted dehydropiperidine mimicking a number of natural products.
Synthesis of meso‐Substituted ABCD‐Type Porphyrins by Functionalization Reactions (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2/2010)
Authors: Senge Mathias O. , Shaker Yasser M. , Pintea Monica , Ryppa Claudia , Hatscher Sabine S. , Ryan Aoife , Sergeeva Yulia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows that the preparation of ABCD‐type porphyrins from porphyrin precursors is not as difficult as an eye exam or a puzzle. The use of porphyrin precursors and modern organometallic methods allow the preparation of all types of Ax‐ and ABCD‐type porphyrins. Details are discussed in the article by M. O. Senge et al. from Trinity College Dublin on p. 237 ff.
Enamel hypoplasia and early mortality: Bioarcheological support for the Barker hypothesis
Authors: Armelagos George J. , Goodman Alan H. , Harper Kristin N. , Blakey Michael L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Barker hypothesis asserts that stressful events early in the life history of an individual have negative health consequences later in adulthood. The hypothesis initially focused on prenatal stressors as indicated by birth weight and related outcomes. This initial concern with the fetal phase of development led to its description as the “fetal programming” or “fetal origins” hypothesis. The realization that stressors in the postnatal phase had similar impacts on adult health has led to its latest characterization as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis (DOHaD). In this paper, we review the history and evidence in support of the DOHaD hypothesis. We then introduce an untapped source of information on early life stress: enamel hypoplasias and other developmental defects of enamel. Enamel defects are nearly indelible records of physiological perturbations, or stress, to developing ameloblasts (enamel‐forming cells). Furthermore, the location of the defects translates to specific periods of growth, providing a permanent temporal record of early life stressors from in utero to approximately twelve years of age. As we discuss, a handful of studies of different populations reveals that individuals with enamel defects that developed in utero and early in infant‐childhood development tend to be subject to earlier adolescent or adult mortality.
Ageism in first episode psychosis
Authors: Mitford Emma , Reay Robert , McCabe Kate , Paxton Roger , Turkington Douglas 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo consider the characteristics of first episode psychosis in older adults in a county in North East England.Method/DesignThe present study used a naturalistic design to compare individuals aged 65 years and over with those under 65, with a first episode psychosis. Data were collected on demographics, diagnosis at presentation and hospital admissions in the first year.ResultsAlmost a quarter of all patients were aged 65 years or older. The older group were admitted later on after presentation, but with longer average hospital stays (p < 0.01), compared to the younger group, with no difference in the use of the Mental Health Act. Late onset schizophrenia (40–59 years) and very late onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis (60 + years) formed a considerable proportion of patients.ConclusionsThere is a substantial proportion of older people with first episode psychosis, with a significant use of hospital bed days. There are large gaps in services for this group who often do not have the same access to those offered to younger people, e.g. Assertive Outreach or crisis teams, access to Clozapine and CBT. Ageism exists in all forms; the elderly are doubly disadvantaged in view of their age and mental illness.In view of the Age Discrimination Act (2006) the elderly functionally ill group of patients should be entitled to the same level of care and equal access to services as younger people. More attention and interventions need to be focused on this overlooked group. © Crown copyright 2009. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A molecular dynamics study on binding recognition between several 4,5 and 4,6‐linked aminoglycosides with A‐site RNA
Authors: Chen Shih‐Yuan , Lin Thy‐Hou 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been performed for two sets of aminoglycoside antibiotics bound with an RNA duplex corresponding to the aminoacyl‐tRNA decoding site of the 16S rRNA to characterize the energetics and dynamics of binding for several aminoglycosides. The binding free energy, essential dynamics and hydration analysis have been conducted to characterize the dynamics' properties associated with the binding recognition between each set of antibiotics and the RNA duplex. We have built several dynamic models with reasonable binding free energies showing good correlation with the experimental data. We have also conducted a hydration analysis on some long residency water molecules detected as W8 and W49 sites around the U1406 · U1495 pair and which are found to be important in binding recognition and in causing some apparent stretch variations of this pair during the dynamic studies. In addition, we also find that the hydration sites with long residence time identified between the ring III of two 4,6‐linked antibiotics (tobramycin and kanamycin) and phosphate oxygen atoms of G1405/U1406 may be worthy of further exploration for rational drug design. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recombination of human papillomavirus‐16 and host DNA in exfoliated cervical cells: A pilot study of L1 gene methylation and chromosomal integration as biomarkers of carcinogenic progression
Authors: Kalantari Mina , Chase Dana M. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Bernard Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: December 2009

AbstractHuman papillomavirus‐16 DNA replicates in productive infections in circular form, but is found in most carcinomas integrated into the host cell DNA. Because this transition is essential for carcinogenesis, detailed research is desirable and may help to triage patients with abnormal Pap smears. Previous studies addressed the chromosomal integration of HPV‐16 DNA in biopsies of tumors by an indirect biomarker, methylation of the viral L1 gene and by reverse ligation polymerase chain reaction (rliPCR). The pilot study reported here asked whether these techniques can be targeted successfully at DNA prepared from exfoliated cervical cells. Abnormal Pap smears of 21 patients that were positive for HPV‐16 were analyzed for (i and ii) methylation of the L1 gene after bisulfite modification and PCR amplification by direct sequencing and indirectly in cloned DNA and (iii) recombination with chromosomal DNA by rliPCR. Four of these 21 patients contained highly methylated L1 DNA, which was integrated in three of the samples with sufficient DNA for rliPCR analysis. Seven patients contained sporadically methylated L1 DNA, which was integrated in two and episomal in three samples with sufficient DNA. Ten patients contained only unmethylated DNA, which was episomal in six but possibly integrated in two samples. It is concluded that HPV‐16 is found integrated chromosomally in a fraction of precancerous infections, and with higher frequency in methylated than in low or unmethylated samples. Since L1 gene methylation indicates integration, it has the potential to be used as a clinical marker of cancer progression. J. Med. Virol. 82:311–320, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of varicella‐zoster virus DNA in 414 human trigeminal ganglia from cadavers by the polymerase chain reaction: A comparison of the detection rate of varicella‐zoster virus and herpes simplex virus type 1
Authors: Inoue Hiroyuki , Motani‐Saitoh Hisako , Sakurada Koichi , Ikegaya Hiroshi , Yajima Daisuke , Hayakawa Mutsumi , Sato Yayoi , Otsuka Katsura , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Nagasawa Sayaka , Iwase Hirotaro 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInvestigation of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) is important epidemiologically, and determination of its prevalence rate in human trigeminal ganglia is important to provide surveillance data. To date, studies on VZV detection in trigeminal ganglia have used specimens obtained from a relatively limited number of cadavers. This study attempted to detect VZV DNA as well as Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from 414 samples of trigeminal ganglia obtained from 207 cadavers selected at random. The detection rate was examined to determine whether there were significant differences in the positive rate between the left and right trigeminal ganglia, males and females, and among age groups. A relationship was found between the positive rates for VZV and HSV‐1. VZV DNA was detected in 391 of the trigeminal ganglia (94.4%) and 201 of the cadavers (97.1%) in 121/124 males and 80/83 females. HSV‐1 DNA was detected in 251 of the samples (60.6%) and 134 of the cadavers (64.7%) in 72/124 males and 62/83 females. There was no significant difference for either virus in the detection rates between the left and right trigeminal ganglia and males and females. Age and positivity for HSV‐1, but not VZV, showed a significant relationship. All 134 cadavers positive for HSV‐1 were also positive for VZV. VZV and HSV‐1 become latent in bilateral trigeminal ganglia, and are not affected by gender. The prevalence of HSV‐1 was greater in advanced age, and the HSV‐1‐positive rate was correlated with the VZV‐positive rate. J. Med. Virol. 82:345–349, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinal vascular changes after glial disruption in rats
Authors: Shen Weiyong , Li Shiying , Chung Sook Hyun , Gillies Mark C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractGlial dysfunction is found in a number of retinal vascular diseases but its link with blood‐retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown remains poorly understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that glial dysfunction is a major contributor to the BRB breakdown that is a hallmark of retinal vascular diseases. We investigated thespecificity of the purportedly selective glial toxin, DL‐α‐aminoadipic acid (DL‐α‐AAA) on different types of ocular cells in vitro and then tested the effect of glial disruption on retinal vasculature after intraocular injection of DL‐α‐AAA or siRNA targeting glutamine synthetase (GS) in rats. DL‐α‐AAA was toxic to astrocytes and Müller cells but not to other types of BRB‐related cells in vitro. Subretinal injection of DL‐α‐AAA disrupted retinal glial cells, induced vascular telangiectasis and increased vascular permeability from 4 days to over 2 months post‐injection. Vascular changes induced by DL‐α‐AAA were observed predominantly in regions of glial disruption, as reflected by reduced expression of GS and increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. Confocal microscopy showed changes in all three layers of the retinal vasculature, which co‐localised with areas of Müller cell disruption. Double labeling immunohistochemistry revealed that retinal glial disruption after DL‐α‐AAA injection was accompanied by increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and reduced expression of the tight junction protein claudin‐5. Intravitreal injection of GS siRNA induced similar changes in Müller cells and BRB breakdown. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that glial dysfunction is a primary contributor to the BRB breakdown in retinal vascular diseases. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On‐line desorption of dried blood spots coupled to hydrophilic interaction/reversed‐phase LC/MS/MS system for the simultaneous analysis of drugs and their polar metabolites
Authors: Thomas Aurélien , Déglon Julien , Steimer Thierry , Mangin Patrice , Daali Youssef , Staub Christian 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAn assay for the simultaneous analysis of pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites from micro‐whole blood samples (i.e. 5 μL) was developed using an on‐line dried blood spot (on‐line DBS) device coupled with hydrophilic interaction/reversed‐phase (HILIC/RP) LC/MS/MS. Filter paper is directly integrated to the LC device using a homemade inox desorption cell. Without any sample pretreatment, analytes are desorbed from the paper towards an automated system of valves linking a zwitterionic‐HILIC column to an RP C18 column. In the same run, the polar fraction is separated by the zwitterionic‐HILIC column while the non‐polar fraction is eluted on the RP C18. Both fractions are detected by IT‐MS operating in full scan mode for the survey scan and in product ion mode for the dependant scan using an ESI source. The procedure was evaluated by the simultaneous qualitative analysis of four probes and their relative phase I and II metabolites spiked in whole blood. In addition, the method was successfully applied to the in vivo monitoring of buprenorphine metabolism after the administration of an intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg on adult female Wistar rat.
Comparison of monolithic and splitting solution schemes for dynamic porous media problems
Authors: Markert B. , Heider Y. , Ehlers W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractProceeding from the governing equations describing a saturated poroelastic material with intrinsically incompressible solid and fluid constituents, we compare the monolithic and splitting solution of the different multi‐field formulations feasible in porous media dynamics. Because of the inherent solid–fluid momentum interactions, one is concerned with the class of volumetrically coupled problems involving a potentially strong coupling of the momentum equations and the algebraic incompressibility constraint. Here, the resulting set of differential‐algebraic equations (DAE) is solved by the finite element method (FEM) following two different strategies: (1) an implicit monolithic approach, where the equations are first discretized in space using stable mixed finite elements and second in time using stiffly accurate implicit time integrators; (2) a semi‐explicit–implicit splitting scheme in the sense of a fractional‐step method, where the DAE are first discretized in time, split using intermediate variables, and then discretized in space using linear equal‐order approximations for all primary unknowns. Finally, a one‐ and a two‐dimensional wave propagation example serve to reveal the pros and cons in regard to accuracy and stability of both solution strategies. Therefore, several test cases differing in the used multi‐field formulation, the monolithic time‐stepping method, and the approximation order of the individual unknowns are analyzed for varying degrees of coupling controlled by the permeability parameter. In the end, we provide a reliable recommendation which of the presented strategies and formulations is the most suitable for which particular dynamic porous media problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.