bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vibration method for grading of large cross-section coniferous timber species
Authors: Arriaga Francisco , Íñiguez-González Guillermo , Esteban Miguel , Divos Ferenc 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The non-destructive testing (NDT) of timber using the longitudinal vibration method is based on the natural frequency of wood which is in relation to its quality. In the present paper, the suitability of this tool is investigated and the results of grading 395 pieces are presented. Structural timber of Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and Laricio pine [Pinus nigra ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco] from Spanish sources were investigated. The specimens were tested for bending according to the European standard EN 408 (2003) and the values of strength and stiffness were compared with the results estimated by means of NDT. The vibration equipment applied permits the measurement of the longitudinal natural frequency and mass of the specimen, and then the density and the dynamic modulus of elasticity can be calculated. There is a strong relationship between the static modulus of elasticity obtained from the bending test and the dynamic modulus of elasticity obtained by the NDT technique. There is an acceptable relationship between modulus of rupture and dynamic modulus of elasticity if the visual defects (knot sizes) are taken into account. Acoustic measurements have become widely acceptable, and they have great potential for stress grading of coniferous timber.
Hydrophobisation of mechanical pulp fibres with sodium dodecyl sulphate functionalised layered double hydroxide particles
Authors: Lange Carl , Lundin Tom , Fardim Pedro 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide bleached spruce (Picea abies L.) made of thermo mechanical pulp (BTMP) fibres were modified with layered double hydroxides (LDH). The LDH particles were precipitated onto the BTMP fibre surfaces from aqueous solutions of urea and NaOH. The modified BTMP was further functionalised with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant to produce pulp with hydrophobic character. The contact angle measurement with water on paper showed that the functionalisation with SDS was successful. The apparent contact angles varied in between the initial θ= 75° of the reference pulp up to θ= 135° of the SDS functionalised pulp. A hydrophobic surface was obtained already with 2.0% weight to weight ratio of SDS in pulp suspension. A high affinity between the LDH particles and the BTMP fibres was found as well. The investigated fibre modification route offers a new feasible tool in fibre surface treatment.
Lipopolysaccharide and Hypoxia‐Induced HIF‐1 Activation in Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Li Jing‐Ping , Li François Y. L. , Xu Aimin , Cheng Bin , Tsao Sai Wah , Fung Man‐Lung , Leung W. Keung 
Published: November 2011

Background: We previously reported that chronic periodontal inflammation causes the accumulation of the transcriptional activator hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vivo. Here, evidence is provided that bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and cellular hypoxia, both associated with periodontitis, can individually, or in combination, lead to the accumulation and activation of HIF‐1 in HGF in vitro.Methods: Primary gingival fibroblasts were cultured from human gingival biopsies. HIF‐1α peptide from HGFs treated with Escherichia coli LPS under normoxia or hypoxia was detected by nuclear protein extraction, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunocytofluorescence. HIF‐1α transcripts were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The transcript expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A), a downstream gene of HIF‐1α, were assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR.Results: Two HIF‐1α splicing transcription variants were found to be constitutively expressed in HGFs. E. coli LPS induced a dose‐ and time‐dependent nuclear accumulation of HIF‐1α peptide in HGFs. This accumulation could be attenuated by treatment with a Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)‐neutralizing antibody. Under hypoxia, LPS further increased HIF‐1α accumulation in HGFs. VEGF‐A transcript expression was upregulated by LPS under both normoxia and hypoxia but was downregulated by pretreatment with TLR4‐neutralizing antibody or the specific HIF‐1α inhibitor 3‐(5′‐hydroxymethyl‐2′‐furyl)‐1‐benzyl indazole.Conclusion: LPS induces the nuclear accumulation of HIF‐1α in HGFs and induces HIF‐1 biologic activity under normoxia or hypoxia possibly through TLR4.
A Half Century of Close Encounters with the First Course in Accounting
Authors: Williams Doyle Z. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the author's encounters with the first course in accounting in his half century of study, teaching, and service on five campuses, as a student, doctoral teaching assistant, lecturer, professor, accounting department administrator, business dean, and senior scholar. Also described are his encounters with issues surrounding the first course in accounting in a variety of leadership roles with the American Accounting Association, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Accounting Education Change Commission, Association for Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business, the Accounting Programs Leadership Group, and the Federation of Schools of Accountancy. Changes in the nature, content, and teaching of the first course in accounting are discussed. Observations for the future of the first course in accounting are offered.
Abdominal computed radiography for the diagnosis of enterolithiasis in horses: 142 cases (2003–2007)
Authors: Maher Omar , Puchalski Sarah M. , Drake Christiana , le Jeune Sarah S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of abdominal computed radiography (CR) for the diagnosis of enterolithiasis in horses and to examine how these parameters are affected by the number and anatomic location of enteroliths and by gas distension of the gastrointestinal tract.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—Horses ≥ 1 year old that underwent abdominal CR and subsequent exploratory laparotomy or postmortem examination.
Procedures—3 reviewers blinded to signalment, history, clinical signs, and diagnoses separately evaluated abdominal computed radiographs of horses included in the study. Each set of radiographs was evaluated for the presence or absence of enteroliths, the amount of gas distention, and the image quality. Signalment, definitive diagnosis on the basis of findings on exploratory laparotomy or postmortem examination, and the number and location of enteroliths were obtained from medical records.
Results—Of the 142 cases reviewed, 58.4% (83/142) had confirmed enterolithiasis. For the 3 reviewers, overall sensitivity was 85% and specificity was 93%. Sensitivity was lower for small colon enteroliths than for large colon enteroliths (50% and 94.5%, respectively) and was significantly affected by gas distention. Sensitivity was not significantly affected by the number of enteroliths.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Computed radiography provided high sensitivity and high specificity for the diagnosis of enterolithiasis in horses. Caution should be exercised when the radiographic results are negative, as the sensitivity for small colon enterolithiasis was relatively low and gas distension negatively affected detection of enteroliths. Abdominal CR is indicated as a diagnostic test in horses examined for colic in geographic regions in which enterolithiasis is endemic.
Crazy for Bargains: Inventing the Irrational Female Shopper in Modernizing English Canada
Authors: Belisle Donica 
Published: November 2011

Abstract: Between the 1890s and 1930s, anglophone politicians, journalists, novelists, and other commentators living in western, central, and eastern Canada drew upon established connections among greed, luxury, hysteria, and femininity to describe women who went shopping as irrational. Their motivations for doing so included their desires to assuage feelings of guilt about increased abundance; articulate anger caused by spousal conflicts over money; assert the legitimacy of male authority; and assign blame for the decline of small communities' sustainability, the degradation of labour standards, and the erosion of independent shopkeeping. By calling upon stock stereotypes of femininity, and by repositioning them to fit the current capitalist moment, English-Canadian commentators constructed disempowering representations of women to alleviate their anxieties about what they perceived as the ills of modernization.
An Intimate Understanding of Place: Charles Sauriol and Toronto's Don River Valley, 1927–1989
Authors: Bonnell Jennifer 
Published: November 2011

Abstract: Every summer from 1927 to 1968, Toronto conservationist Charles Sauriol and his family moved from their city home to a rustic cottage just a few kilometres away, within the urban wilderness of Toronto's Don River Valley. In his years as a cottager, Sauriol saw the valley change from a picturesque setting of rural farms and woodlands to an increasingly threatened corridor of urban green space. His intimate familiarity with the valley led to a lifelong quest to protect it. This paper explores the history of conservation in the Don River Valley through Sauriol's experiences. Changes in the approaches to protecting urban nature, I argue, are reflected in Sauriol's personal experience – the strategies he employed, the language he used, and the losses he suffered as a result of urban planning policies. Over the course of Sauriol's career as a conservationist, from the 1940s to the 1990s, the river increasingly became a symbol of urban health – specifically, the health of the relationship between urban residents and the natural environment upon which they depend. Drawing from a rich range of sources, including diary entries, published memoirs, and unpublished manuscripts and correspondence, this paper reflects upon the ways that biography can inform histories of place and better our understanding of individual responses to changing landscapes.
It Was All about Me: Making History Relevant
Authors: Conrad Margaret 
Published: November 2011

Abstract: In this article, Margaret Conrad reflects on her four-decade career as a historian. She takes an autobiographical approach, tracing her interest in the past to an evangelical upbringing in rural Nova Scotia and the dramatic changes in post–Second World War Canada that begged historical reflection. On the leading edge of the baby boom, she benefitted from reforms in education that set her on the path to an academic career focusing on Atlantic Canadian history, Women's Studies, and Digital Humanities. History, she argues, is always relevant, serving as a vehicle for wisdom and agency in a world where power struggles are contextualized by the past but the outcome never certain.
Homotopy Classification of Projections in the Corona Algebra of a Non-simple C*-algebra
Authors: Brown Lawrence G. , Lee Hyun Ho 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe study projections in the corona algebra of C(X) ⊗ K, where K is the C*-algebra of compact operators on a separable infinite dimensional Hilbert space and X = [0, 1], [0,∞), (−∞,∞), or [0, 1]/﹛0, 1﹜. Using BDF's essential codimension, we determine conditions for a projection in the corona algebra to be liftable to a projection in the multiplier algebra. We also determine the conditions for two projections to be equal in K0, Murray-von Neumann equivalent, unitarily equivalent, or homotopic. In light of these characterizations, we construct examples showing that the equivalence notions above are all distinct.
A Controlled Trial of a Quit and Win Contest
Authors: Hahn Ellen J. , Rayens Mary Kay , Warnick Todd A. , Chirila Costel , Rasnake Robert T. , Paul Todd P. , Christie Dawn 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To evaluate the impact of a state-of-the-art Quit and Win contest on tobacco quit rates at 3, 6, and 12 months after the 30-day quit period. Design. Quasi-experimental with a volunteer sample of 494 Quit and Win contest registrants (treatment group) and 512 randomly selected tobacco users not exposed to the promotional media campaign (control group). Intervention included a 30-day quit period to be eligible for large cash prizes; provider advice via weekly mailings; online and telephone quit assistance; media campaign; and community support. Setting. Community-based intervention in Kentucky. Subjects. A total of 1006 adult tobacco users. Measures. Quit rates were measured using 7-day point prevalence for tobacco use. Urine cotinine measurements confirmed self-reported quitting. Results. Treatment group participants were significantly more likely than controls to experience quitting during the 1-year follow-up, as determined by both self-report and urine confirmation. After adjusting for baseline differences in demographics, tobacco use, and stage of change, those in the treatment group had 2.6 times the odds of reporting quitting in the postintervention period and 5.3 times the odds of experiencing quitting confirmed by urine cotinine, relative to controls. Women, minorities, and low-income tobacco users had equal odds of quitting as men, whites, and those with higher incomes. Conclusions. That the contest was minimally intensive and yielded a relatively high quit rate demonstrates the potential effectiveness of the intervention.
Is Stress Management Training a Useful Addition to Physician Advice and Nicotine Replacement Therapy during Smoking Cessation in Women? Results of a Randomized Trial
Authors: D'Angelo Monika E. Slovinec , Reid Robert D. , Hotz Stephen , Irvine Jane , Segal Roanne J. , Blanchard Chris M. , Pipe Andrew 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To determine whether a stress management (SM) program could improve cessation rates when added to usual care (UC) among women attempting to quit smoking. Design. Randomized controlled trial conducted during a 12-month period. Setting. Smoking cessation clinics located within two tertiary care centers in Ottawa, Ontario. Subjects. A total of 332 women smokers 19 years or older who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day were recruited via advertisements. Intervention. Either UC (physician advice and nicotine replacement therapy) or UC plus an eight-session group SM training program (coping skills development relevant to smoking-specific and generic stressors). Measures. Point prevalence abstinence 2 and 12 months after study intake. A secondary outcome of interest was change in perceived stress during the intervention period. Results. On an intent-to-treat basis, the addition of SM to UC had no incremental effect on 2-or 12-month abstinence rates. Abstinence rates at 2 months were 26.2% vs. 31.7% in the UC and SM groups, respectively (p = .59). At 12 months, the rates were 18.5% vs. 20.7% (p = .86). When quit rates were compared including only participants who demonstrated adequate adherence to the intervention protocol, there was a significant difference between the UC and SM groups at 2 months (34.9% vs. 48.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–3.42; p = .04) but not at 12 months (23.0% vs. 28.2%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, .64–2.41; p = .53). There was a significant reduction in perceived stress from preintervention to postintervention; however, this decrease was not moderated by group assignment. Conclusion. The addition of SM in our setting neither increased abstinence rates nor reduced perceived stress over and above UC in women motivated to quit smoking. Poor attendance at the SM intervention undermined its effectiveness.
Change in Self-Efficacy following a Single Strength Training Session Predicts Sedentary Older Adults' Subsequent Motivation to Join a Strength Training Program
Authors: Latimer Amy E. , Ginis Kathleen A. Martin 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To determine whether performance accomplishment and perceived exertion predict change in self-efficacy following a single strength training session and whether change in self-efficacy predicts subsequent motivation to join a strength training program. Methods. Fifty-nine sedentary older adults participated in a single strength training session at a seniors' exercise center, completed measures of perceived exertion and self-efficacy, and received a voucher for a free fitness consultation. Results. Regression analyses indicated that perceived exertion predicted change in self-efficacy. In turn, greater change in self-efficacy was associated with a greater likelihood of using the voucher for a fitness consultation. Discussion. Sedentary older adults can be motivated toward joining a strength training program after an initial strength training session that required low exertion. Practitioners could increase strength training initiation by providing such experiences.
A Systematic Review of Mammography Educational Interventions for Low-Income Women
Authors: Bailey Tatiana M. , Delva Jorge , Gretebeck Kimberlee , Siefert Kristine , Ismail Amid 
Published: November 2011

Objective. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness of educational interventions in increasing mammography screening among low-income women. Data Sources. Bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the ISI Web of Science, were searched for relevant articles. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. Randomized, community-based trials targeting low-income women and published between January 1980 and March 2003 were included. Data Extraction. The search yielded 242 studies; 24 met all inclusion criteria. Data Synthesis. Three studies used mammography vans, three used low-cost vouchers or provided free mammograms, three used home visits, one used community education alone, one provided referrals, five incorporated multiple intervention strategies, two used phone calls, one used videos and print material, and five used primarily print material. Results. Of nine studies that reduced barriers to care via mammography vans, cost vouchers, or home visits, eight showed statistically significant increases in mammography screening. Seven of the eight studies that used peer educators had significant increases in screening, as did four of the five studies that used multiple (intervention) components. Conclusions. Interventions that used peer educators, incorporated multiple intervention strategies, or provided easy access via vans, cost vouchers, or home visits were effective in increasing screenings. Mailed letter or telephone reminders were not effective in trials involving low-income women, which is contrary to findings from middle/upper-income studies.
Access to Nicotine Replacement Therapy as Part of a Statewide Tobacco Telephone Helpline
Authors: An Lawrence C. , Schillo Barbara A. , Kavanaugh Annette , Luxenberg Michael G. , Joseph Anne M. , McAfee Tim 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To describe change in Minnesota's QUITPLAN helpline operations following provision of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to multisession counseling enrollees. Methods. NRT access began September 2002. Call volume is reported from September 2001 to May 2003 (pre-NRT = 2734, post-NRT = 12,536). A survey administered at 2 weeks assesses self-reported connection to services (response rate 80%, n = 538/670, pre-NRT vs. 67%, n = 400/595, post-NRT, p < .001). Results. Provision of NRT was followed by an increase in call volume (439 ± 229 calls/month January through May pre-NRT vs. 1292 ± 308 calls/month January through May post-NRT, p = .001). Enrollment in multisession counseling increased (17.4% pre-NRT vs. 75.3% post-NRT, p < .001). Among survey respondents, connection to services was not changed (83.8% pre-NRT vs. 88.0% post-NRT, p = .072). At 2 weeks, more respondents who enrolled in multisession counseling reported having a follow-up call scheduled (43.9% pre-NRT vs. 64.1% post-NRT, p = .001). Conclusions. This is an observational study. Providing NRT as part of a statewide helpline may increase recruitment and encourage callers to enroll in multisession counseling.
State and Community Tobacco-Control Programs and Smoking-Cessation Rates among Adult Smokers: What Can we Learn from the COMMIT Intervention Cohort?
Authors: Hyland Andrew , Li Qiang , Bauer Joseph E. , Giovino Gary A. , Bauer Ursula , Cummings K. Michael 
Published: November 2011

Purpose. To assess the long-term effect of a randomized community-based trial of smoking cessation and to examine the effect of exposure to large state-based tobacco-control programs on smoking cessation. Design. Longitudinal tobacco-use telephone surveys conducted in 1988, 1993, and 2001. Setting and Participants. Baseline smokers (6603) from 20 communities in 9 states completed a survey in 2001 (35% of the original sample). Intervention. The Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) intervention was a randomized community-based smoking-cessation intervention between 1988 and 1993. In addition, cohort data were used to evaluate quasi-experimental differences in the strength of state-level tobacco control programs and policies. Measures. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare quit rates among those who were exposed to community- or state-level tobacco-control programming and those who were not between 1988 and 2001. Results. Quit rates were higher in the COMMIT intervention communities during the period when the trial was funded (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.19) but were no different than comparison communities 8 years later after funding stopped. Quit rates were highest in those communities in states with both strong tobacco-control policies and aggressive tobacco-control programs, such as California and Massachusetts (RR = 1.44) compared with those communities in states that had little tobacco-control activity, such as Iowa, New Mexico, and North Carolina. Conclusions. The findings suggest that well-funded tobacco-control programming coupled with tobacco-control policies may be associated with increases in cessation rates.
Obesogenic Influences in Public Housing: A Mixed-Method Analysis
Authors: Regan Gail , Lee Rebecca E. , Booth Katie , Reese-Smith Jacqueline 
Published: November 2011

Background. Obesity prevalence is higher among those who live in impoverished environments. This investigation identified obesogenic factors in urban neighborhoods surrounding public housing developments (HDs). Design. Cross-sectional quantitative survey data from 14 HD neighborhoods and qualitative interviews of the HD managers. Setting. Kansas City, Kansas, and Kansas City, Missouri. Subjects. Environmental data were collected from HDs and surrounding neighborhoods, an area enclosed by an 800-m radius line drawn from the HD centroid. Qualitative data were collected from all 14 HD managers. Measures. HDs were rated by a brief environmental audit. HD managers were assessed in a structured 45- to 60-minute interview about neighborhood factors influencing resident obesity. Results. The properties were typically modern and well maintained; however, there were few physical activity (PA) resources and food sources on site. Most HD managers cited the availability of PA resources near the HD; however, there was wide variability in the type and accessibility of the resources. Only two HDs had a store that sold groceries within one block. Interviews identified fast food restaurants as common food sources, with few other food sources available. Discussion. Data suggested that although strides have been made to increase safety and comfort in public housing, there remains poor access to PA resources and healthful food sources. Interventions and policies should consider access to PA resources and food sources.