bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pioneer 11 faces dangers in Saturn ring targeting
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

If the Pioneer 11 spacecraft now speeding toward Saturn is targeted to fly inside that planet's rings, it could be heading toward disaster, warned Bradford A. Smith, a University of Arizona associate professor of planetary sciences, at a press briefing during the Jupiter Science Symposium at NASA Ames Research Center. Particles of ice and rock probably exist in a faint inner ring where Pioneer 11 may fly in 1979 and could deliver such a barrage of blows that the spacecraft would not survive.One current Pioneer 11 targeting strategy calls for the spacecraft to pass between Saturn's three bright visible rings and the planet itself. Though this 12,872‐km area appears to be empty, observations at the University of Arizona, Paris Observatory, and New Mexico State University indicate that a fourth ring exists. It is difficult to measure because of glare from the brighter rings and from Saturn itself. If Pioneer 11 flies between the rings, it may be aimed at a 1609‐km gap, called the Guerin division after its discoverer Pierre Guerin, between this inner ring and the bright rings. If it is, according to Smith, it will enter a region ‘about which very little is known and which could prove to be extremely hazardous or even fatal. It is very unlikely that the gap is completely free of particles, and it is possible that it is merely a region of lesser ring density.’ If the particles are all large in comparison to the size of the spacecraft, then its chances for survival would be good. If they are small, which Smith says is more likely, then the spacecraft might be bombarded by as many as 500 impacts for each square meter of surface area. According to Smith, it is highly doubtful whether Pioneer 11 could ever survive such a barrage, in which case any planned postencounter science measurements might be lost. Although he agreed that there is important and unique science to be learned by approaching Saturn so closely, he said that the possible advantages of such a kamikaze mission should be carefully weighed.
Degasification process and mine safety
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Encouraging progress in research on draining explosive methane gas from coalbeds before they are mined was reported recently by the Department of Interior Bureau of Mines.Methane, essentially the same as natural gas, is trapped geologically in coalbeds. When released by mining, the gas can become an explosion hazard in underground mines. Currently, this danger is lessened by sweeping the methane from the mine with ventilating air and by stopping mining automatically when unsafe methane levels are reached.
Separates
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

As an additional member service, AGU is offering for sale individual reprints of articles from all its primary journals except Radio Science. These separates are not intended to replace journal subscriptions. They simply provide members the opportunity to purchase articles from those AGU journals to which they would not ordinarily subscribe.In addition this program will allow institutions to acquire High‐quality reproductions in small to large quantities quickly and economically and without any question of possible copyright infringement. Such orders may be placed to fill the needs of a small seminar or a class. Realizing the particular value of review articles for classroom use, AGU is making separates from Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics available from volume 1 to the present for that journal.
U.S. floods and their management
Authors: Buehler Bob 
Published: October 2011

My earliest knowledge about floods was gained as a ‘tad’ in Sunday school. There I learned that a flood some 4500 years ago covered all the earth. Recently, I realized that Noah must have been the world's best floodplain manager of all time. He had warning enough to build an ark.Soon after that lesson in Sunday school, probably in grammar school, I learned that floods were good. Their springtime overflow brought necessary fertility on floodplains to grow needed summer crops for food. I heard this same theory advanced just last year in a. sound motion picture, ‘Planning for Floods,’ produced by the Environmental Defense Fund, Incorporated. Counter theory argues that floodplain overflow merely moves fertility from upstream to downstream and lavishes abundant weed seeds upon the floodplains at both locations.
Flood frequency curves available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Flood frequency curves for all gaged sites in the United States that have at least 10 years of recorded natural (unregulated) streamflow discharges are available for inspection at district offices of the U.S. Geological Survey's Water Resources Division. Over 11,000 sites on streams and rivers in all 50 states are available through the program.By establishing how frequently a particular flood flow is likely to be equaled or exceeded at least once on the long‐term average, flood frequency curves are used by public and private agencies for design purposes and to determine, for example, insurance rates and flood zone regulations.
New NSF office established
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A new National Science Foundation office, the Office of Small Business Research and Development, has been established in accordance with NSF's FY 1977 Authorization Act. It will foster communications between NSF and the small business community related to research and development.Among other items required by the act the office will also collect, analyze, compile, and publish information on grants and contracts awarded by NSF to small businesses; assist individual small businesses in obtaining information on programs, policies, and procedures of NSF; recommend changes in NSF procedures so as to draw fully on resources of the small business community; and submit quarterly reports to Congress on activities of the office.
Gate Visiting Scientist Program
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

To ensure an exchange of ideas and theories among scientists analyzing the data of the Garp Atlantic Tropical Experiment (Gate), the Tropical Experiment Board has endorsed and adopted the Gate Visiting Scientist Program.The program is an opportunity for scientists who are working on Gaterelated problems (e.g., theory, numerical modeling, and data analysis) to continue their work at an institution in another country. Although the program is oriented toward one of the five subprogram data centers, the positions are not limited only to those institutions.
Land Subsidence Symposium
Authors: Johnson A. I. 
Published: October 2011

The Second International Symposium on Land Subsidence was held in Anaheim, California. December 13–17, 1976. Organized by the AGU within the framework of Unesco's International Hydrological Program, it was sponsored jointly by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences, International Association of Hydrogeologists, International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, U.S. National Committee for Scientific Hydrology, and Unesco.Papers presented ranged from mathematical modeling studies through general descriptions of project progress and subsidence case histories to legal and economic aspects of subsidence. The program was very broad in scope, covering theory, investigation, measurement, prediction, and control of subsidence, including land‐surface sinking resulting from withdrawal of water, oil, or gas, dewatering of organic deposits, hydrocompaction, extraction of solids by mining, and collapse of limestones.
President's report
Authors: Spilhaus A. F. 
Published: October 2011

What should your response be to the emergence of new journals in your field? What does the dissemination of knowledge through new journals really cost? Do you want to support a new journal, or would your financial resources and intellectual effort be better spent with AGU?Several new journals have been announced recently that compete at least in part with JGR and Water Resources Research. Librarians around the world are being asked to decide whether to add these publications to their collections. They will presumably consult with the specialists—you—or perhaps in this era of tight budgets they will sit back and wait for pressure to purchase the journal. Should you support these new journals? I believe the answer is an emphatic no. They should be permitted to die in their infancy.
NASA supports lunar research
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is continuing to encourage and support research on all aspects of lunar science. NASA's goal to improve the scientific understanding of the origin, evolution, structure, and composition of the moon and its relationships to the earth and solar system is embodied in broadly based lunar programs. Included are experimental and theoretical research on lunar materials (samples and Surveyor parts), lunar data analysis and synthesis using published or other generally available data, and supporting research and technology designed to support the general goals of the other lunar programs—theoretical studies, laboratory simulations, meteorite research, advanced experiment concepts, etc.NASA especially encourages well‐qualified scientists not now in the lunar programs to participate if they have new ideas, techniques, or research capabilities.
President's page: Inflation in ideas, recession in support
Authors: Kisslinger Carl 
Published: October 2011

On Saturday, August 6, in Durham, England, the Council of IUGG voted 47 to 7 to accept the application for membership of the National Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics of the People's Republic of China. Council action was duly ratified on the same day at an Extraordinary General Assembly called to consider the question. Years of discussion and negotiation between IUGG and the PRC were thus concluded. A group of Chinese scientists arrived in Durham a few days later to participate in the joint assembly of IASPEI/IAVCEI.It is important that the members of AGU and the scientific community at large understand the significance of the seven votes cast in opposition to the motion to accept the application. These votes do not indicate that seven member countries are opposed to the membership of the PRC. Agreement appears universal that the level of geophysics and geodesy in the PRC is certainly adequate, and there is great enthusiasm for the formal association of our Chinese colleagues with IUGG. These votes do indicate disapproval and deep concern of some national committees with regard to the political conditions that were part of the Chinese application. The motion to accept the PRC application also canceled the representation on the Council of IUGG of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of China, Taiwan. If the latter action had been rejected, the application would have been withdrawn.
Newsletter from AGU Subcommittee on Women in Geophysics
Authors: Lincoln J. Virginia 
Published: October 2011

At the AGU Spring Meeting in Washington, D.C, a successful informal meeting of the Subcommittee on Women in Geophysics was held over wine and cheese on May 31, 1977. Roughly 30 people attended, including the chairperson of the parent AGU Committee on Education and Human Resources and several AGU staff members.The attendees were asked to fill in a questionnaire providing more details than the education and manpower membership information questionnaire, which was sent to all AGU members. Information was provided on how they would be willing to assist the subcommittee. The replies also furnished information suitable for use in a roster of qualified women. A copy of this questionnaire is being sent to all AGU members who responded to the earlier AGU membership questionnaire indicating their interest in the Subcommittee on Women. The questionnaire will be sent to anyone upon request to the AGU headquarters. Using the responses, we intend to set up groups to assist the formally appointed members of the subcommittee. These are J. Virginia Lincoln, Chairperson, Director, World Data Center A for Solar‐Terrestrial Physics, NOAA; Rita Sagalyn, Chief, Electrical Processes Branch, Space Physics Division, Hanscom Air Force Base; Tanya Atwater, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and Joanne Simpson, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia.
SEAN Report
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The following geophysical and meteoritic events were reported by the Scientific Event Alert Network (SEAN), Smithsonian Institution, NHB Stop 129, Washington, D.C. 20560.A major deflation event at Krafla Caldera (Iceland) began January 6.The next morning, deflation rate increased, and harmonic tremor began. Earthquakes with maximum magnitude of 4.8 migrated to 30 km north of the caldera January 7 and to 10 km farther north by January 9, indicating magma injection into Krafla's northern fissure zone. Deflation and seismicity continued until January 22. Uplift then resumed but has been interrupted several times, coinciding with periods of harmonic tremor. Earthquakes, many with magnitudes greater than 4, were continuing in early February from the fissure zone. Tilt equivalent to about 110 cm of caldera subsidence was recorded during the deflation event, and up to 2 m of rifting may have occurred 25–50 km north of Krafla. However, no marked change in geothermal activity was observed, and no visible eruption occurred.
Vignette: Margaret Kivelson
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Margaret Galland Kivelson is a professor of space physics in residence in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences and a research geophysicist at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles. Upon confirmation, she will be the principal investigator for the magnetometer investigation on the Jupiter Orbiter Probe mission to be launched in 1981. She received an A.B. degree, magna cum laude, in 1950 and an A.M. in 1951 from Radcliffe College and a Ph.D. in 1957 from Harvard University, where her dissertation dealt with quantum electrodynamics.Her two children were born while she was studying for a Ph.D. Her desire for part‐time employment while her children were young initially limited her options. Since part‐time faculty positions were not available in the Los Angeles area, she accepted a position with the Rand Corporation with flexible hours. For the next 10 years, her research focused on equations of state at high pressure and on theoretical plasma physics.
International Solar Polar Mission scheduled
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The International Solar Polar Mission, which is expected to revolutionize the solar physics field, is scheduled for the mid‐1980s. From this dual spacecraft mission, scientists hope to learn more about changes in solar conditions that cause variations in the earth's climate. The mission will seek new data on many of the solar phenomena that shape and control the space environment of the earth, such as solar wind flow and cosmic rays.No spacecraft has yet ventured off the ecliptic plane by more than 15° in heliographic latitude. But the Solar Polar Mission, jointly projected by NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA), and also known as the Out‐of‐the‐Ecliptic Mission, will put a pair of unmanned spacecraft both above and below the sun and the ecliptic plane.
Spring Meeting 1978
Authors: Lewkowicz James 
Published: October 2011

I am writing in reference to the recent AGU meeting I attended in Miami.I am quite upset about people submitting abstracts and not showing up to present the papers. It is particularly irritating that the same people are annually guilty of this offense. I went specifically to hear a talk during the earthquake prediction session 2, and for the second year in a row the same person failed to show up to give his talk. He also failed even to notify the session chairmen that his paper was not going to be given. I don't believe that this is an isolated incident.
Magnetic deposit on the Moon
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

At the Fall Meeting, L. L. Hood reported on continuing studies at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) of Apollo 16 subsatellite magnetic field measurements, which have recently indicated that a conspicuous light‐colored deposit superemposed on the western Ocean of Storms may be strongly magnetized. The 30 × 60 km deposit, known as Reiner Gamma, is visible from the earth with a small telescope near full moon and is the first visually prominent lunar feature to be clearly associated with a large magnetic anomaly detected with the UCLA magnetometers on board the Apollo 15 and 16 subsatellites.Like many other magnetic anomalies detected with the Apollo subsatellites, the Reiner Gamma anomaly is observed repeatedly over the same selenographic position on successive orbits, thus identifying itself as of lunar origin. However, its maximum amplitude of 21 gammas (for comparison, the strength of the earth's magnetic field at the equator is about 33,000 gammas) at 20‐km altitude is by far the largest in apparent magnitude (uncorrected for altitude) found in all 2600 orbital traverses of the Apollo 15 and 16 subsatellites. According to astrogeologists of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Reiner Gamma deposit can be no thicker than about 10m because no shadows are cast even under very low angles of the sun's illumination. Using this thickness estimate, the anomaly amplitude, and the subsatellite altitude, a minimum mean magnetization level 500 times greater than that of the most magnetic returned lunar sample and comparable to that of the most magnetic naturally occuring terrestrial rocks has been estimated. A relatively large free iron content (perhaps 5–10% by weight) is thus suggested if Reiner Gamma is indeed the source of the observed anomaly.
On‐line wind turbine planned for Oahu
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Oahu is slated for the next space age windmill in the Department of Energy's (DOE) continuing demonstration program of alternative energy schemes. ‘Hawaii, whose electricity utility organization is dependent on oil, is expected to be a prime type of future market for wind power,’ said Bennett Miller, DOE's Acting Program Director for Solar, Geothermal, Electric and Storage Systems.The Hawaiian turbine will be located near Kaena Point on Oahu, where winds average over 27 km/h. It will have a two‐bladed rotor 38 meters in diameter. Similar 200‐kilowatt machines are currently being installed or tested at Clayton, New Mexico, the Island of Culebra, Puerto Rico, and Block Island, Rhode Island.
NOAA to seek closer ties with academic institutions
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

NOAA Administrator Richard A. Frank, in an address before the 59th Annual Meeting of the American Meteorological Society in Reno, Nevada, on January 15, outlined a plan for enhancing NOAA's relations with academic and research institutions. More reliance on the resources available in these institutions will enable NOAA to use its increasingly limited personnel resources more effectively. The elements of the plan as outlined by Frank are as follows:NOAA will aim to increase substantially its use of academic and research institutions for performing research in support of its mandates. While the basic criteria will still have to be who can perform the research best and who can do so in the most cost‐effective manner and while NOAA must still maintain a high‐quality research nucleus of its own, specific goals will be set for each component to make sure that outside research is substantially increased.
Public service science residencies
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation, under the auspices of its Office of Science and Society, sponsors a Public Service Sciences Residencies program the objectives of which are: to increase the knowledgeable participation of scientists and citizens in resolving major issues of public policy that involve science and technology; to make scientific and technical assistance available to citizens and their organizations and representatives; and to encourage scientists and engineers to participate in public service activities as an important adjunct or alternative to traditional scientific and academic pursuits.These residencies are intended to allow working scientists and engineers to undertake up to a year's activity in association with organizations of citizens in need of their expertise. In conjunction with their host organizations, residents must design a specific project or program of activities directed at helping citizens who normally lack access to scientific and technical assistance. Up to 40 Public Service Science Residencies will be awarded in May 1979.
A practical salinity scale
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

At the ninth meeting of the Unesco/ICES/SCOR/IAPSO Joint Panel on Oceanographic Tables and Standards held in Paris, September 11–13, 1978, the ‘Practical Salinity Scale (1978)’ was recommended for adoption by the parent organizations. Details may be found in the Unesco [1978, 1979] reports.A new salinity scale is needed so that all institutions using conductivity‐temperature‐depth (CTD) instruments will be able to report their observations in a consistent manner. The existing International Tables [Unesco, 1966], giving salinity as a function of conductivity ratio, do not go below 10°C, which makes them unsuited for use in the majority of CTD applications. Salinity calculations have therefore been based on the data of Brown and Allentoft [1966] or a combination of these data with the International Tables. The two data sets are incompatible because they are (1) derived from experiments on seawaters that did and did not vary in ionic content as a function of salinity and (2) based on different ‘definitions’ of salinity. In one case a constant times chlorinity was used: in the other the weight ratio obtained by diluting/evaporating a 35% seawater with distilled water. Then 35% water from any ocean was defined in turn as having a conductivity ratio of unity with standard Copenhagen water. In addition, errors in the data have been detected in the vicinity of 0°C.
Fulbright Awards
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Among the approximately 500 Fulbright awards available in about 100 countries for 1980–1981, a number have been programed in earth science. Australia, thermoluminescence measurement; France, Ivory Coast (French required), and Norway, applied geophysics in petroleum engineering, ore geology, and paleontology;; Pakistan and USSR, interests at several institutions.Those desiring a copy of the 1980–1981 announcement of Fulbright award opportunities for university teaching and advanced research abroad should send name, address, highest degree, specialization, and country interest to the Council for International Exchange of Scholars, Department N, 11 Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C. 20036. Applications are due for the American republics, Australia, and New Zealand by June 1, 1979, and for Africa, Asia, and Europe by July 1, 1979.