bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derivation and Validation of a New Cardiovascular Risk Score for People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Elley C. Raina , Robinson Elizabeth , Kenealy Tim , Bramley Dale , Drury Paul L. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVETo derive a 5-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk equation from usual-care data that is appropriate for people with type 2 diabetes from a wide range of ethnic groups, variable glycemic control, and high rates of albuminuria in New Zealand.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis prospective open-cohort study used primary-care data from 36,127 people with type 2 diabetes without previous CVD to derive a CVD equation using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Data from 12,626 people from a geographically different area were used for validation. Outcome measure was time to first fatal or nonfatal cardiovascular event, derived from national hospitalization and mortality records. Risk factors were age at diagnosis, diabetes duration, sex, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, total cholesterol–to–HDL ratio, ethnicity, glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio.RESULTSBaseline median age was 59 years, 51% were women, 55% were of non-European ethnicity, and 33% had micro- or macroalbuminuria. Median follow-up was 3.9 years (141,169 person-years), including 10,030 individuals followed for at least 5 years. At total of 6,479 first cardiovascular events occurred during follow-up. The 5-year observed risk was 20.8% (95% CI 20.3–21.3). Risk increased with each 1% A1C (adjusted hazard ratio 1.06 [95% CI 1.05–1.08]), when macroalbuminuria was present (2.04 [1.89–2.21]), and in Indo-Asians (1.29 [1.14–1.46]) and Maori (1.23 [1.14–1.32]) compared with Europeans. The derived risk equations performed well on the validation cohort compared with other risk equations.CONCLUSIONSRenal function, ethnicity, and glycemic control contribute significantly to cardiovascular risk prediction. Population-appropriate risk equations can be derived from routinely collected data.
Physical Therapists Make Accurate and Appropriate Discharge Recommendations for Patients Who Are Acutely Ill
Authors: Smith Beth A. , Fields Christina J. , Fernandez Natalia 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundAcute care physical therapists contribute to the complex process of patient discharge planning. As physical therapists are experts at evaluating functional abilities and are able to incorporate various other factors relevant to discharge planning, it was expected that physical therapists’ recommendations of patient discharge location would be both accurate and appropriate.ObjectiveThis study determined how often the therapists’ recommendations for patient discharge location and services were implemented, representing the accuracy of the recommendations. The impact of unimplemented recommendations on readmission rate was examined, reflecting the appropriateness of the recommendations.DesignThis retrospective study included the discharge recommendations of 40 acute care physical therapists for 762 patients in a large academic medical center. The frequency of mismatch between the physical therapist's recommendation and the patient's actual discharge location and services was calculated. The mismatch variable had 3 levels: match, mismatch with services lacking, or mismatch with different services. Regression analysis was used to test whether mismatch status, patient age, length of admission, or discharge location predicted patient readmittance.ResultsOverall, physical therapists’ discharge recommendations were implemented 83% of the time. Patients were 2.9 times more likely to be readmitted when the therapist's discharge recommendation was not implemented and recommended follow-up services were lacking (mismatch with services lacking) compared with patients with a match.LimitationsThis study was limited to one facility. Limited information about the patients was collected, and data on patient readmission to other facilities were not collected.ConclusionsThis study supports the role of physical therapists in discharge planning in the acute care setting. Physical therapists demonstrated the ability to make accurate and appropriate discharge recommendations for patients who are acutely ill.
The presigmoid approach to anterolateral pontine cavernomas
Authors: Hauck Erik Friedrich , Barnett Samuel L. , White Jonathan Ari , Samson Duke 
Published: March 2010

Object
Anterolateral cavernomas of the pons have been surgically removed via a variety of approaches, commonly retrosigmoid or transventricular. The goal in this study was to evaluate the presigmoid approach as an alternative.

Methods
Clinical data were reviewed in 9 patients presenting with anterolateral pontine cavernomas between 1999 and 2007.

Results
All patients were treated via a presigmoid approach, which provided a nearly perpendicular trajectory to the anterolateral pons. The brainstem was entered through a “safe zone” between the trigeminal nerve and the facial/vestibulocochlear nerve complex. Complete resection was achieved in all cases. No patient experienced recurrent events during follow-up (1–24 months). The patients' modified Rankin Scale score improved within 1 year of surgery (1.7 ± 0.4) compared with baseline (2.6 ± 0.2; p < 0.05). Only one patient experienced a new deficit (decreased hearing), which was corrected with a hearing aid.

Conclusions
The presigmoid approach is recommended for the resection of anterolateral pontine cavernomas. With this approach, the need for cerebellar retraction is nearly eliminated. The lateral “presigmoid” entry point creates a trajectory that allows complete resection of even deep lesions at this level, or anterior to the internal acoustic meatus.
Quality of life in neurooncology—age matters
Authors: Veilleux Nadia , Goffaux Philippe , Boudrias Marie , Mathieu David , Daigle Kathya , Fortin David 
Published: March 2010

Object
Due partly to therapeutic improvements and prolonged patient survival, the field of neurooncology is gradually undergoing a philosophical shift, progressively moving toward a more functional approach to patient welfare. This shift includes, as one of its defining objectives, the promotion of elevated levels of quality of life (QOL) and quality of health (QOH) for patients of all ages. Unfortunately, an adult life-stage perspective has never been used to study the long-lasting impact of age on well-being in neurooncology patients.

Methods
In this study, the authors assessed and compared the QOL and QOH scores of 42 younger adults (≤ 40 years of age) and 88 older adults (> 40 years of age) presenting with a primary supratentorial tumor.

Results
After having controlled for biomedical and treatment-related factors, the authors discovered that older adults reported lower functional well-being and poorer neurocognitive functioning than younger adults. This age difference appeared earlier than expected (developing as early as middle age), suggesting an accelerated effect of disease on the aging process. Importantly, it was also found that the variables that predict QOL and QOH differed depending on patient age. For example, support from friends was a significant predictor of QOL for younger adults, whereas the capacity to continue enjoying life was a significant predictor for older adults. Moreover, the presence of a high-grade tumor and increased physical pain had a negative impact on the QOH of younger adults, whereas increased difficulty with concentration negatively impacted the QOH of older adults.

Conclusions
These age differences clearly warn against consolidating the QOL or QOH scores of younger and older adults, and instead suggest that age at diagnosis is essential when considering patient perspective, and when establishing tailored support programs.
Childhood Obesity and the Built Environment
Authors: Razani Nooshin , Tester June 
Published: March 2010

CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

1.
Review the current literature on the effect of the built environment on physical activity and food access for children.

2.
Recognize the correlation between the built environment and obesity, drawing attention to the limited data currently available.

3.
Discuss strategies practicing medical professionals can employ to help families navigate their local built environment.
Singular Integral Operators and Essential Commutativity on the Sphere
Authors: Xia Jingbo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractLet 𝒯 be the C*-algebra generated by the Toeplitz operators {T𝜑 : 𝜑 Є L∞(S, dσ)} on the Hardy space H2(S) of the unit sphere in Cn. It is well known that 𝒯 is contained in the essential commutant of {T𝜑 : 𝜑 Є VMO∩L∞(S, dσ)}. We show that the essential commutant of {T𝜑 : 𝜑 Є VMO∩L∞(S, dσ)} is strictly larger than 𝒯.
Computerized Provider Order Entry with Pager Notification Improves Efficiency in STAT Radiographic Studies and Respiratory Treatments
Authors: Crotty Eric , RRT Conway , Hart Kim Ward , Dietrich Craig , RRT Scott Pettinichi , Racadio John , Jacobs Brian 
Published: March 2010

Summary
Background: The use of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) has been widely linked to improvements in patient safety. We hypothesized that electronic routing of CPOE-generated orders through individual pagers would improve the efficiency of STAT radiographic studies and respiratory treatments.
Methods: The study was conducted in two periods before and after implementing pager notification of STAT orders. In the Baseline Period, CPOE-generated STAT orders were communicated to radiology technicians or respiratory therapists through the use of printed orders, manual paging and/or telephone communication. The time to process the order and deliver a radiology result or respiratory treatment was tracked. In the Intervention Period CPOE-generated STAT orders were electronically routed to the radiology technician’s or respiratory therapist’s pager. During both time periods, clinicians completed user satisfaction surveys.
Results: Using pager notification, there was a significant reduction in radiology technician arrival time (16.8±2.1 vs 7.9±0.7 mins, p<0.001). Similarly there was a significant reduction in the cumulative time required to capture the radiographic image, image availability in the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and the verbal report from the radiologist (p<0.05). The time required in obtaining a preliminary or final radiographic written report and the total cycle times were not significantly reduced. For STAT respiratory therapy orders there was a significant reduction in the mean time from ordering to administration of respiratory therapy treatments (124.7±14.1 vs 49.8±11.4 minutes, p<0.01). Radiologists, respiratory therapists and ordering clinicians reported improved satisfaction after implementation of pager notification.
Conclusion: Computer-generated orders for STAT radiographic studies and respiratory treatments can be carried out significantly faster through the use of direct pager notification. The implementation of this process has resulted in improved care delivery and widespread clinician satisfaction.
Zuzug, Fortzug, Umzug — die Stadtregion Bonn in Bewegung
Authors: Föbker Stefanie , Leister Nina , Temme Daniela , Wiegandt Claus-Christian 
Published: March 2010

In the framework of demographic change a reduction of population numbers is discussed at present as an important trend in addition to the ageing of society and the increase of persons with a migration background. In addition to shrinking regions which determine the spatial planning policy debate at present, structurally strong regions still exist even today that are characterised by population growth. This also includes the Bonn region. Prognoses show that its population growth will continue also in the future in contrast to numerous other cities and regions in North Rhine-Westphalia.
In the article the results of a study on migration flows and migration motives in this growing region are presented. One aim is to demonstrate to what extent social changes have impacts on migration decisions in the framework of demographic change. The results show that migration decisions of the older generation are increasingly characterised by a prospective look towards old age and that the ageing of society has impacts on housing location decisions and on the housing market already today. Furthermore new household forms which develop as a result of the plurality of lifestyles are leading to changed housing requirements. At the same time changed mobility demands are reflected in the selection criteria for the housing location. Finally the creation of ownership also reflects the aspect that one is living in a growing region.
Anxious Personality and Breast Cancer: Possible Negative Impact on Quality of Life After Breast‐Conserving Therapy
Authors: van der Steeg Alida F. W. , De Vries Jolanda , Roukema Jan A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundQuality of Life (QoL) is an important outcome measure in oncology. To assess the influence of surgical treatment and personality on QoL in women with breast cancer, a longitudinal prospective cohort study was done.MethodsWomen (n = 222) completed questionnaires concerning QoL (WHOQOL 100) and personality (NEO‐FFI and STAI) prior to the diagnosis of breast cancer and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after diagnosis and treatment. One hundred five women were treated with breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) and 117 women underwent mastectomy (MTC).ResultsThe two treatment groups did not differ on overall QoL. At all measurement times the influence of trait anxiety on overall QoL was substantial in the BCT group. Women with a high score on trait anxiety were seven times more likely to have a low overall QoL 1 year after BCT. In the MTC group overall QoL was influenced mainly by neuroticism.ConclusionsPersonality, especially trait anxiety and neuroticism, determined patients’ overall QoL scores. Women with an anxious personality fared worse concerning QoL after breast conserving therapy.
Stigmatization and Male Identity: Norwegian Males’ Experience after Identification as BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Strømsvik Nina , Råheim Målfrid , Øyen Nina , Engebretsen Lars Fredrik , Gjengedal Eva 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, there is limited knowledge about the reactions of BRCA1/2 mutation positive males. In the present qualitative study, fifteen BRCA1/2 mutation positive men in Norway participated in two successive, in‐depth interviews. Seven female partners participated in the second interview. The men reported strong emotional reactions to their positive test results, and they expressed a desire to keep the genetic information private. They considered discussing their test results or health related information with other males as difficult, and they perceived females as their sources of social and emotional support. Interestingly, the second interview revealed important information not communicated during the first interview. The findings of this study contribute to the discussion of whether men who test positive for a BRCA1/2 mutation should receive tailored genetic counseling sessions. Health care providers should be aware of psychological vulnerability in these men, likely stemming from fewer emotional supports in their social networks.
Impact of reed harvesting and Smooth Cordgrass Spartina alterniflora invasion on nesting Reed Parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei
Authors: BOULORD ANTHONY , WANG TIAN-HOU , WANG XIAO-MING , SONG GUO-XIAN 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe Reed Parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei is an endemic reedbed-inhabiting passerine of east Asia. In the Shanghai municipality, which harbours significant populations of this species, almost all reedbed surfaces are annually harvested. Furthermore, the reedbeds are being invaded by Smooth Cordgrass Spartina alterniflora, an introduced species that can outcompete the native Common Reed Phragmites australis. In this paper, we have shown that Reed Parrotbills do not nest in areas dominated by Smooth Cordgrass and avoid using them. In the areas that are primarily composed of Common Reed, the densities of birds are higher in the unharvested sections. The birds appear to select nesting sites with low Smooth Cordgrass densities, tall reed stems, and relatively equal densities of both dry and green stems. Reed harvesting activity results in vegetation that is too low for bird nesting. However, no nests were found in areas where the reeds had not been harvested for several years and had high densities of dry reed stems; these results could be attributed to the fact that the high density of broken stems reduced the vegetation cover. On the basis of our results, we recommend implementation of four years harvesting-cycle rotation and avoidance of reclamation in reedbeds which have not been invaded by Smooth Cordgrass.
Avian collisions with power lines: a global review of causes and mitigation with a South African perspective
Authors: JENKINS ANDREW R. , SMALLIE JON J. , DIAMOND MEGAN 
Published: March 2010

SummaryMany large terrestrial and wetland birds and some smaller, fast-flying species are prone to colliding with overhead wires associated with power infrastructure. A high proportion of these are threatened species and for some, collision with power lines and other man-made structures is a significant and damaging source of anthropogenic mortality. We review the existing literature on the nature, scale and impact of this problem worldwide, with particular emphasis on the South African situation, and focus on the evidence for and against various line configurations and devices proposed to mitigate the negative effects of overhead lines on bird populations. Cranes, bustards, flamingos, waterfowl, shorebirds, gamebirds and falcons are among the most frequently affected avian groups, and collision frequency is thought to be an influential factor in ongoing population declines in several species of cranes, bustards and diurnal raptors. The bulk of the research on this issue has been done in North America, Scandinavia, southern Europe and South Africa. Few comprehensive experimental studies on ways to reduce avian collisions with power lines have been carried out, although most of these have yielded quite clear results. Mitigation options considered include reviewing the placement of proposed new lines, removing the earth-wire which is usually the highest, thinnest and most problematic component in an overhead power line configuration, or else fitting this wire with markers – brightly coloured ‘aviation’ balls, thickened wire coils, luminescent, shiny or hinged flashing or flapping devices. All of these options reduce bird collision frequency overall by at least 50–60%, although the efficacy of line marking may be much lower for certain species (e.g. bustards). There remains considerable uncertainty about the best-performing marking device (perhaps because performance may vary with both local conditions and the species involved in each instance), and a durable, all-purpose device, that is effective both during the day and at night, has not yet been developed. We conclude by outlining a proposed experimental evaluation of the full array of collision mitigation options, to select the best approaches for use under South African conditions.
Target-related distractors disrupt object selection in everyday action: Evidence from participants with dementia
Authors: GIOVANNETTI TANIA , BETTCHER BRIANNE MAGOUIRK , BRENNAN LAURA , LIBON DAVID J. , WAMBACH DENENE , SETER COLETTE 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study evaluated the impact of distractor objects and their similarity to target objects on everyday task performance in dementia. Twenty participants with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (n = 12) or subcortical vascular disease (n = 8) were videotaped while they performed 3 discrete tasks: (1) make a cup of coffee, (2) wrap a gift, and (3) pack a lunch under two conditions that were counterbalanced across participants. The conditions differed in terms of the type of distractor objects included in the workspace: (1) Target-Related Distractor Condition - distractor objects were functionally and visually similar to target objects (e.g., salt for sugar) (2) Unrelated Distractor Condition - distractors were neither visually nor functionally similar to targets (e.g., glue for sugar). Participants touched (t = 4.19; p < .01) and used (z = 3.00; p < .01) significantly more distractors, made more distractor errors (i.e., substitutions; t = 2.93; p < .01), and took longer to complete tasks (t = 2.27; p < .05) in the Target-Related Distractor condition. The percent of steps accomplished and non-distractor errors did not differ across conditions (t < 1.26; p > .05 for both). In summary, distractors that were similar to targets elicited significant interference effects circumscribed to object selection. (JINS, 2010, 16, 484–494.)
A test of the cerebellar hypothesis of dyslexia in adequate and inadequate responders to reading intervention
Authors: BARTH AMY E. , DENTON CAROLYN A. , STUEBING KARLA K. , FLETCHER JACK M. , CIRINO PAUL T. , FRANCIS DAVID J. , VAUGHN SHARON 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe cerebellar hypothesis of dyslexia posits that cerebellar deficits are associated with reading disabilities and may explain why some individuals with reading disabilities fail to respond to reading interventions. We tested these hypotheses in a sample of children who participated in a grade 1 reading intervention study (n= 174) and a group of typically achieving children (n= 62). At posttest, children were classified as adequately responding to the intervention (n= 82), inadequately responding with decoding and fluency deficits (n= 36), or inadequately responding with only fluency deficits (n= 56). Based on the Bead Threading and Postural Stability subtests from the Dyslexia Screening Test-Junior, we found little evidence that assessments of cerebellar functions were associated with academic performance or responder status. In addition, we did not find evidence supporting the hypothesis that cerebellar deficits are more prominent for poor readers with “specific” reading disabilities (i.e., with discrepancies relative to IQ) than for poor readers with reading scores consistent with IQ. In contrast, measures of phonological awareness, rapid naming, and vocabulary were strongly associated with responder status and academic outcomes. These results add to accumulating evidence that fails to associate cerebellar functions with reading difficulties. (JINS, 2010,16, 526–536.)
SOME COMPLETENESS THEOREMS IN THE DYNAMIC DOXASTIC LOGIC OF ITERATED BELIEF REVISION
Authors: SEGERBERG KRISTER 
Published: March 2010

The success of the AGM paradigm—the theory of belief change initiated by Alchourrón, Gärdenfors, and Makinson—is remarkable, as even a quick look at the literature it has generated will testify. But it is also remarkable, at least in hindsight, how limited was the original effort. For example, the theory concerns the beliefs of just one agent; all incoming information is accepted; belief change is uniquely determined by the new information; there is no provision for nested beliefs. And perhaps most surprising: there is no analysis of iterated change.In this paper it is that last restriction that is at issue. Our medium of study is dynamic doxastic logic (DDL). The success of the AGM paradigm The particular contribution of the paper is detailed completeness proofs for three dynamic doxastic logics of iterated belief revision.The problem of extending the AGM paradigm to include iterated change has been discussed for years, but systematic discussions have appeared only recently (see Segerberg, 2007 and forthcoming, but also van Benthem, 2007; Rott, 2006; Zvesper, 2007).