bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep‐water first occurrences of Ediacara biota prior to the Shuram carbon isotope excursion in the Wernecke Mountains, Yukon, Canada
Authors: Boag Thomas H. , Busch James F. , Gooley Jared T. , Strauss Justin V. , Sperling Erik A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEdiacara‐type macrofossils appear as early as ~575 Ma in deep‐water facies of the Drook Formation of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, and the Nadaleen Formation of Yukon and Northwest Territories, Canada. Our ability to assess whether a deep‐water origination of the Ediacara biota is a genuine reflection of evolutionary succession, an artifact of an incomplete stratigraphic record, or a bathymetrically controlled biotope is limited by a lack of geochronological constraints and detailed shelf‐to‐slope transects of Ediacaran continental margins. The Ediacaran Rackla Group of the Wernecke Mountains, NW Canada, represents an ideal shelf‐to‐slope depositional system to understand the spatiotemporal and environmental context of Ediacara‐type organisms' stratigraphic occurrence. New sedimentological and paleontological data presented herein from the Wernecke Mountains establish a stratigraphic framework relating shelfal strata in the Goz/Corn Creek area to lower slope deposits in the Nadaleen River area. We report new discoveries of numerous Aspidella hold‐fast discs, indicative of frondose Ediacara organisms, from deep‐water slope deposits of the Nadaleen Formation stratigraphically below the Shuram carbon isotope excursion (CIE) in the Nadaleen River area. Such fossils are notably absent in coeval shallow‐water strata in the Goz/Corn Creek region despite appropriate facies for potential preservation. The presence of pre‐Shuram CIE Ediacara‐type fossils occurring only in deep‐water facies within a basin that has equivalent well‐preserved shallow‐water facies provides the first stratigraphic paleobiological support for a deep‐water origination of the Ediacara biota. In contrast, new occurrences of Ediacara‐type fossils (including juvenile fronds, Beltanelliformis, Aspidella, annulated tubes, and multiple ichnotaxa) are found above the Shuram CIE in both deep‐ and shallow‐water deposits of the Blueflower Formation. Given existing age constraints on the Shuram CIE, it appears that Ediacaran organisms may have originated in the deeper ocean and lived there for up to ~15 million years before migrating into shelfal environments in the terminal Ediacaran. This indicates unique ecophysiological constraints likely shaped the initial habitat preference and later environmental expansion of the Ediacara biota.
Enviro‐economic and feasibility analysis of industrial hemp value chain: A systematic literature review
Authors: Budhathoki Rajan , Maraseni Tek , Apan Armando 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA recent renaissance of industrial hemp has been driven by a plethora of ecologically amicable products and their profitability. To identify its environment and economic fate across the value chain (VC), this study conducts a systematic review of 98 studies published in ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus‐indexed journals. The thematic content of the articles is categorized using three deductively derived classification categories: lifecycle analysis (n = 40), VC analysis (n = 30), and feasibility analysis (n = 28). Bibliometric analysis indicates that the majority (>90%) of the studies were conducted in selected regions of Europe or North America, with further findings around regionally prioritized industrial hemp products, such as hempcrete in Southwest Europe, solid biofuel in North European states, and textile fiber and bio‐composites in East Europe and North America. Lifecycle analysis studies highlight nitrogenous fertilizer use during industrial hemp cultivation as a major ecological hotspot, which is taking a toll on the climate change index. However, hemp‐based products are generally climate‐friendly solutions when contrasted against their fossil fuel counterparts, with hempcrete in particular a highly touted carbon‐negative (−4.28 to −36.08 kg CO2 eq/m2) product. The review also identifies key issues within the hemp VC and presents innovative solutions alongside the recognition of value‐adding opportunities. Furthermore, feasibility analysis indicates unprofitability in using hemp for bioenergy production and there is a relative cost worthiness of hemp bio‐composites and hempcrete at the upstream level. Positive returns are observed under co‐production schemes. In contemplating the literature findings, we discussed and identified gap in existing literature for future exploration, including more studies to provide insights from the Global South, and the production of industrial hemp under a biophysically constrained landscape.
A rare case of lupus cerebritis presenting as ictal epileptic headache: A case report
Authors: Zandieh Ali , Seeger Susanne K. , Tunnell Evelyn C. , Wheeler Shawna K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIctal epileptic headache, characterized by headache as the sole symptom of a seizure attack, is a rare condition. In this case report, we present a 52‐year‐old female with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus who sought medical attention at the headache clinic due to a new type of headache. The headache was described as an intense painful wave followed by a dull headache, without autonomic symptoms or migrainous features. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhancing lesion in the left hippocampus in addition to two other lesions in the corpus callosum and left parieto‐occipital lobe. Electroencephalography during the headache episodes showed epileptic discharges originating from the left fronto‐temporal region. The patient was initiated on levetiracetam, which resulted in the resolution of both the epileptic discharges and the headaches. This case underscores the significance of considering ictal epileptic headache as a potential secondary cause for headaches, particularly in patients with underlying conditions that may predispose them to epilepsy, such as systemic lupus erythematosus.
Examining elevation and thermoregulatory trait differences of endemic tropical swallowtail butterflies to assess their vulnerability to climate change
Authors: Ki Tiffany L. T. , Beale Colin M. , Huertas Blanca , Hill Jane K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tropical montane insects are vulnerable to climate change if up‐hill range retractions reduce range sizes and increase extinction risk. Endemic species will be particularly at risk if they disproportionately occur at higher elevations, although threats may be ameliorated if they have morphological traits associated with improved thermoregulatory ability. We examine the vulnerability of endemic swallowtail butterflies on Sulawesi (Indonesia) to climate change by quantifying inter‐specific variation in traits associated with thermoregulation (body size and melanism) and whether species' traits are associated with the elevation of species' ranges.
We collected data on size, melanism and elevation of 29 swallowtail butterfly species (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) from 754 specimens at the Natural History Museum (United Kingdom) and the Zoologische Staatssammlung München (Germany).
Endemic butterflies were less melanised (15 endemic species, mean = 81% melanised; 14 non‐endemic species = 89% melanised) but similar to non‐endemics in size (endemic, mean = 56 mm; non‐endemic = 53 mm) and elevation (endemic, mean = 352 m.a.s.l.; non‐endemic: 289 m). There was no evidence that species size or melanism patterns were related to elevation in either group.
Few differences in elevation of endemic and non‐endemic species imply that endemic swallowtail butterflies are not disproportionately more threatened by climate‐driven mountaintop extirpation than non‐endemic species. Further work is needed to examine whether paler wings alter the ability of endemic species to thermoregulate and adapt to changing climates. In the absence of reductions in anthropogenic global greenhouse gas emissions, on‐going climate warming will continue to threaten tropical montane species.
Examining the efficacy of inoculation and value‐affirmation interventions in improving precandidate reactions among prospective military recruits
Authors: Feeney Justin R. , Sylvester Ben , Gooch Steve 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study engaged 4848 first‐time, English‐speaking prospective Canadian Armed Forces applicants to evaluate pre‐application interventions' efficacy on the Practice Canadian Forces Aptitude Test (PCFAT). Using a five‐level between‐subjects design, participants were randomly assigned to one of the following intervention conditions: inoculation message, value‐affirmation message, a combination of both, placebo writing intervention, or a no‐intervention control group. The interventions were anchored in inoculation theory and value‐affirmation theory and aimed to reduce math anxiety and close the gender gap in test performance. Contrary to expectations, the interventions did not significantly reduce math anxiety or improve problem‐solving performance. Consistent with the literature, a negative relationship was found between levels of math anxiety and problem‐solving scores, and men outscored women in problem‐solving across all conditions. Despite these outcomes, the study lays a foundation for future research on enhancing pre‐applicant experiences in an increasingly competitive labor market. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Systemic antibiotics in the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Riben Grundström Caroline , Lund Bodil , Kämpe Johan , Belibasakis Georgios N. , Hultin Margareta 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo study the clinical, radiographic and microbiological outcomes after surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis, with or without adjunctive systemic antibiotics.Materials and MethodsEighty‐four patients (113 implants) with peri‐implantitis were randomized into three groups (A, amoxicillin and metronidazole; B, phenoxymethylpenicillin and metronidazole; or C, placebo). Treatment included resective surgery and implant surface decontamination with adjunctive antibiotics or placebo. Primary outcomes were probing pocket depth (PPD) reduction and marginal bone level (MBL) stability. Secondary outcomes were treatment success (defined as PPD ≤ 5 mm, bleeding on probing [BOP] ≤ 1site, absence of suppuration on probing [SOP] and absence of progressive bone loss of >0.5 mm), changes in BOP/SOP, mucosal recession (REC), clinical attachment level (CAL), bacterial levels and adverse events. Outcomes were evaluated for up to 12 months. The impact of potential prognostic indicators on treatment success was evaluated using multilevel logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 76 patients (104 implants) completed the study. All groups showed clinical and radiological improvements over time. Statistically significant differences were observed between groups for MBL stability (A = 97%, B = 89%, C = 76%), treatment success (A = 68%, B = 66%, C = 28%) and bacterial levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Tannerella forsythia, favouring antibiotics compared to placebo. Multiple regression identified antibiotic use as potential prognostic indicator for treatment success. Gastrointestinal disorders were the most reported adverse events in the antibiotic groups.ConclusionsAdjunctive systemic antibiotics resulted in additional improvements in MBL stability. However, the potential clinical benefits of antibiotics need to be carefully balanced against the risk of adverse events and possible antibiotic resistance.
Are periodontitis and psoriasis associated? A pre‐clinical murine model
Authors: Marruganti Crystal , Gaeta Carlo , Falciani Chiara , Cinotti Elisa , Rubegni Pietro , Alovisi Mario , Scotti Nicola , Baldi Andrea , Bellan Cristiana , Defraia Chiara , Fiorino Fabio , Valensin Silvia , Bellini Erika , De Rosa Antonella , D'Aiuto Francesco , Grandini Simone 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the bidirectional influence between periodontitis and psoriasis, using the respective experimental models of ligature‐ and imiquimod‐induced diseases on murine models.Materials and MethodsThirty‐two C57/BL6J mice were randomly allocated to four experimental groups: control (P− Pso−), ligature‐induced periodontitis (P+ Pso−), imiquimod‐induced psoriasis (P− Pso+) and periodontitis and psoriasis (P+ Pso+). Samples (maxilla, dorsal skin and blood) were harvested immediately after death. Measures of periodontitis (distance between the cemento‐enamel junction and alveolar bone crest [CEJ–ABC] and the number of osteoclasts) and psoriasis (epidermal thickness and infiltrate cell [/0.03mm2]) severity as well as systemic inflammation (IL‐6, IL‐17A, TNF‐α) were collected.ResultsThe P+ Pso+ group exhibited the most severe experimental periodontitis and psoriasis, with the highest values of CEJ–ABC, number of osteoclasts, epidermal thickness and infiltrate cells in the dorsal skin, as well as the highest blood cytokine concentration. The P+ Pso− group presented with higher cell infiltrate (/0.03mm2) compared to the control group (p <.05), while the P− Pso+ group showed substantially higher alveolar bone loss (CEJ–ABC) than the control group (p <.05).ConclusionsExperimental periodontitis may initiate and maintain psoriasiform skin inflammation and, vice versa, experimental psoriasis may contribute to the onset of periodontitis. In a combined model of the diseases, we propose a bidirectional association between periodontitis and psoriasis via systemic inflammation.
ADHD medication adherence reduces risk of committing minor offenses in adolescents
Authors: Rosenau Paul T. , Dietrich Andrea , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Hoekstra Pieter J. 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between adolescents’ adherence to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication and their risk of committing minor offenses.MethodsUsing two Dutch databases, Statistics Netherlands (CBS) and the Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics (SFK), we aimed to investigate the association between adherence to ADHD medication and registered minor offenses between 2005 and 2019 of 18,234 adolescents (12–18 years). We used Cox regression analyses to compare the rate of committing minor offenses of adolescents during periods of high ADHD medication adherence compared to periods of low adherence (i.e., periods with or without sufficient amounts of dispensed medication). We additionally tested associations with adherence to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as control medication and analyzed potential reverse causation.ResultsHigh ADHD medication adherence was associated with a reduced risk of committing a minor offense of between 33% and 38% compared to low adherence periods of ≥3 months (hazard ratio [HR] 0.67, confidence interval [CI] 0.64–0.71) or ≥6 months (HR 0.62, CI 0.59–0.65). The reduction in risk can likely be attributed to ADHD medication, given the absence of effects of SSRIs and no reverse causation. The reduction rate remained between 16% and 55% per sex, stimulant versus non‐stimulant medication, different offense categories and further sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsAmong adolescents using ADHD medication, rates of criminality were lower during periods of high medication adherence, suggesting that adherence to ADHD medication may contribute to prevention of minor offenses in adolescents.
Efficacy and tolerability of oral semaglutide in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Analysis report from diabetes specialist clinics
Authors: Inokuchi Tetsuaki , Fukumoto Yoshihide , Lee Gendai , Yokomizo Yoshifumi , Tanaka Kokichi , Chosa Michiko , Doi Masaru , Tamaki Noboru , Goto Seiichi , Ichikawa Kojiro , Kobayashi Kazuo 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionGlucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ras) have emerged as pivotal agents in diabetes management and organ protection. However, their use is limited due to the necessity for injectable administration. The advent of the first oral GLP1Ra (oral semaglutide) in Japan since 2021 is expected to expand its usage. The aim of this study is to survey the efficacy and tolerability of oral semaglutide in clinical practice.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 120 outpatients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had received oral semaglutide for >6 months. Changes in clinical parameters during oral semaglutide treatment from baseline to 12 months were analyzed. The inverse probability weighting method using the propensity score was used to evaluate the differences in clinical parameters at 6 months after treatment, based on the patients’ obesity levels.ResultsBody weight (BW), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels at baseline decreased significantly after treatment compared with those at 12 months (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.03, respectively). The patients were divided into two groups using a cutoff baseline body mass index (BMI) of 30.3 kg/m2. Although no significant difference was observed, changes in body weight and HbA1c indicated a potentially greater decrease in the BMI ≧ 30.3 group than that in the BMI < 30.3 group (P = 0.07 and 0.13, respectively). Among 206 registered patients, 25 (12.1%) discontinued oral‐semaglutide treatment owing to adverse effects, including gastrointestinal symptoms.ConclusionsOral semaglutide treatment demonstrates efficacy and tolerability for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan. Significant improvements in metabolic factors induced by oral semaglutide are anticipated, particularly in obese patients.
Effect of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration on the drying characteristics and quality properties of goji
Authors: Wang Jinjin , Liu Changhong , Zheng Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe waxy layer on the surface of the goji fruit increases the dehydration time. In this study, the novel use of ultrasound pretreatment (10, 20, and 30 min) assisted with osmotic dehydration was utilized to improve drying efficiency and product quality of goji. The results showed that goji treated with ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration lost more water and gained more solids during osmotic dehydration than goji treated with osmotic dehydration only. Furthermore, the ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration pretreatment method shortened the drying time for freezing drying goji and lowered the water activity of the dried goji. This may be due to the destruction of the wax layer on the surface of the goji by ultrasound. The rehydration rate of the goji treated with ultrasound for 20 min was significantly higher than that of the samples dried by osmosis dehydration only. The application of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration resulted in the best color and the highest glutathione and total free amino acid content of goji, especially the taurine. Besides the above, the antioxidant capacity of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration‐treated goji was enhanced, with the highest 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values for the samples in the 20‐min ultrasound‐assisted group. The results demonstrate that ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration not only reduces the drying time of goji but also enhances its product quality.Practical applicationsThis study explored the effects of different ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration methods on the drying efficiency and quality of freeze‐dried goji. The findings provide a scientific basis for improving goji drying engineering and offer a potential strategy for enhancing goji quality.
Household chaos and child problem behaviors: A cross‐cultural examination of the mediating and moderating role of mindful parenting
Authors: Acet Pinar , Midouhas Emily , Oliver Bonamy R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHousehold chaos has been shown to adversely associate with children's behavioral adjustment. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between household chaos and children's behaviors is not yet fully understood. The current study proposes mindful parenting as an important mediating and moderating factor in the relationship between household chaos and child problem behaviors. This study also examines cultural influences in this process, comparing the UK and Türkiye, considering both mothers' and children's perspectives on mindful parenting. Cross‐sectional questionnaires were administered to mothers and their children aged 11–16 years in the UK (n = 90; 53.3% girl) and Türkiye (n = 154; 54.5% girl) in 2021. Mother reports of the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, as well as mother and child reports of Mindful Parenting Inventories for Parents (MPIP) and Children (MPIC), were used to assess household chaos, child problem behaviors, and mindful parenting, respectively. Multiple‐group path analysis revealed that household chaos was a significant indirect predictor of child problem behaviors via mindful parenting in both countries. Furthermore, simple slopes analysis showed that mindful parenting moderated the link between household chaos and child problem behaviors in the UK. Overall, our study sheds light on the importance of micro‐ and macro‐environmental factors and their interactions in children's adjustment.
Post‐drought community turnover and functional redundancy in a tropical forest understorey
Authors: Ferreira‐Santos Karina , Garbin Mário Luís , Carrijo Tatiana Tavares , Torres‐Leite Filipe , Cavatte Paulo Cezar , Dias André Tavares Corrêa 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuestionsDrought events are increasingly frequent, threatening the biodiversity of tropical forests. The understorey comprises a large fraction of the total plant species richness of these systems with the presence of highly diverse angiosperm families. Here, we quantified the effects of a drought on abundance and functional structures and on the ecosystem functioning of Rubiaceae assemblages along a topographic gradient.LocationMata das Flores State Park, an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeast Brazil.MethodsTwo vegetation surveys were performed: one during an El Niño‐induced drought, and the other three years after this drought. Abundance and functional structures were assessed using the 16 most‐abundant species of Rubiaceae, which comprised 92% of the total abundance. A litter decomposition experiment was carried out to estimate the percentage of mass loss by the Rubiaceae species. We carried out Procrustes analyses on abundance and functional structures and used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to test the effects of drought and topographic habitats on taxonomic and functional compositions, and mass loss.ResultsWe found that the functional structure and mass loss remained constant despite significant changes in the abundance structure after the drought.ConclusionThe evidence points to the maintenance of ecosystem functioning through functional redundancy, because functionally similar less‐abundant species replaced each other after the drought. We show that swarms of species can maintain biological diversity and stability in ecosystem functioning under drought in the understorey of a tropical forest.