bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marker‐derived phylogeny of European cattle supports demic expansion of agriculture
Authors: Medjugorac I , Kustermann W , Lazar P , Russ I , Pirchner F 
Published: July 2010

SummaryUsing frequencies of 86 genes from 23 loci of blood group systems, blood and milk proteins, the genetic relationships among 14 cattle breeds including four native Balkan and four synthetic Balkan‐Alp breeds were studied. The dendrogram and nonlinear map construction shows a consensus ‘Balkan breed cluster’, an ‘Alp breed cluster’, an unstable position of synthetic breeds and well‐separated American breeds. Positive partial correlations between genetic distance and time elapsed since introduction of farming while keeping geographical distances constant, and regular patterns over thousands of kilometres indicate that large‐scale cattle population movements together with human migration (in the Neolithic age) from the Near East into Europe across the Balkans are the most likely explanation for the genetic distances observed in our data. More recent breed differentiation and selection do not yet blur this initial pattern of European cattle populations.
Genetic variants of ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA between swamp and river buffaloes
Authors: Amano T , Miyakoshi Y , Takada T , Kikkawa Y , Suzuki H 
Published: July 2010

SummaryTo clarify the genetic relationship between Swamp and River buffaloes, the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of nuclear genomic ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were analysed. Blood or liver samples from 73 Swamp and three River buffaloes were collected in East and South‐east Asian countries. DNA samples from cattle, goats and sheep were used for comparisons. The analysis of rDNA allowed water buffaloes, cattle, goats and sheep to be characterized by four distinct repeat‐types. However, swamp and river buffaloes showed the same repeat‐type. Divergence of water buffalo and cattle is considered to have occurred approximately four to six million years ago. The RFLPs for mtDNA divided water buffaloes into three haplotypes, swamp‐1, swamp‐2 and river types. Swamp‐1 accounted for 91% of all swamp buffaloes while swamp‐2 was observed only in water buffaloes from Thailand (9%). All river buffaloes were of the same haplotype. No differences were observed between swamp and river buffaloes at the rDNA level. In contrast, a few distinct differences between them were found at the mtDNA level. Therefore, mtDNA polymorphisms provide an adequate means for classifying water buffaloes into either swamp or river buffaloes.
Studies on the frequency and associations of equine leucocyte antigens in sarcoid and summer dermatitis
Authors: Lazary S , Marti E , Szalai G , Gaillard C , Gerber H 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe equine leucocyte antigen (ELA) types and the clinical diagnosis for equine sarcoid and summer dermatitis were evaluated in 2026 horses representing five breeds. Data were analysed in unrelated animals and in family material. In the case of equine sarcoid, a strong association was observed between the ELA class II DW13 antigen and its effect on Swiss (cP < 0·001), French (cP < 0·0001) and Irish (cP < 0·01) Warmblood horses. The class I antigen A3 occurred more frequently in sarcoid‐affected French horses (cP < 0·001). These results confirm our earlier findings (Gerber et al. 1988). Among Freiberger horses, which lack the ELA DW13 and A3 specificities, a breed‐specific class I antigen, ABe108, displayed an increased frequency (cP < 0·05) in the affected group. Among Arabian horses, a tendency for increased frequency of the A1 antigen was observed in the affected animals, but the number of affected horses is too small for statistical significance. The Mendelian segregation in diseased half‐siblings by ELA DW13 heterozygous stallions showed a strong association (P < 0·0001) between the inherited DW13 antigen and susceptibility to the sarcoid effect. In the case of summer dermatitis, previously published data (Marti et al. 1992) have been extended. The ELA types in four multiple‐case families, founded by the same stallion, were analysed for an association with the effect of sarcoid. Eight out of nine ELA‐typed affected offspring inherited the paternal haplotype A15, DW23 in contrast to nonaffected offspring where three out of 12 displayed these antigens (P < 0·005). Moreover, the ELA haplotypes of 11 out of 12 informative affected half‐siblings sired by another stallion inherited the paternal haplotype A3, W12, DW23 (P < 0·05). Our findings demonstrate statistically significant associations between certain ELA antigens and two equine diseases. It is still unknown if the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules themselves or another linked gene(s) play a role in the pathogenesis of these conditions.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of exon 2 of the MhcBibi‐DRB3 gene in American bison (Bison bison)
Authors: Morris B G , Spencer M C , Stabile S , Dodd J N 
Published: July 2010

SummaryPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers specific to exon 2 of the bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)‐DRB3 gene were successfully used to amplify the equivalent region in 469 American bison (Bison bison). In domestic cattle, alleles of DRB3 are assigned through a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the patterns of fragment lengths observed after digestion with the restriction enzymes RsaI, BstYI and HaeIII. In bison, using the same procedure, the observed RFLP patterns provided evidence for the strong conservation of restriction sites previously reported in cattle.
The porcine M blood group system: evidence to suggest assignment of its Ml factor to a new system (P)
Authors: Hojný J , Schröffel J , Geldermann H , C̆epica S 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA new allele Maejm and a more precise genetic analysis of the Ml factor previously assigned to the M system are described after screening three generation families (Wild Boar × Pietrain, Meishan × Pietrain) for the M blood group system using a complete set of 13 M reagents. From informative families with proven parental M genotypes it was shown that the Ml antigen is controlled by an allele from another system. We propose to designate this new system P and to change the factor designation from Ml to Pa.
Blood protein polymorphisms in the donkey (Equus asinus)
Authors: Bell K 
Published: July 2010

SummaryTransferrin, albumin, 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and vitamin D‐binding protein polymorphisms were detected in 242 feral and domesticated Australian donkeys by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, starch gel electrophoresis, autoradiography, immunoblotting with specific antisera and activity staining. All four TF and two ALB variants were donkey specific while only one of the PGD variants was donkey specific. The two GC variants were electrophoretically identical to the Equus caballus F and S proteins. Available evidence suggested that the TF, ALB, PGD and GC systems are controlled by co‐dominant alleles with frequencies of the most common alleles of each system being 0·831, 0·946, 0·957 and 0·861 respectively. Glucose phosphate isomerase and plasminogen were monomorphic in the Australian population of donkeys.
Haemopoietic chimaerism: a complication in heterozygote detection tests for inherited defects in cattle
Authors: Healy P. J. , Dennis J. A. , Nicholls P. J. , Reichmann K. G. 
Published: July 2010

SummarySeveral observations are documented which illustrate that haemopoietic chimaerism is a potential source of error when using assays of cellular components of blood to determine genotype for inherited defects in cattle. Acidic α‐glucosidase activity in peripheral mononuclear cells of a twin Brahman bull that had sired calves affected with generalized glycogenosis was similar to that in cells from homozygous normal animals. Activity in fibroblasts from this bull was similar to that in heterozygotes. α‐mannosidase activity in fibroblasts of a twin Murray Grey bull with low activity in peripheral granulocytes but high activity in plasma was similar to that in animals homozygous normal for α‐mannosidosis. Normal argininosuccinate synthetase nucleotide sequence was detected in leucocytes from two calves affected with citrullinaemia and mutant sequence detected in leucocytes from their homozygous normal co‐twins.
DNA fingerprinting in roe deer using the digoxigenated probe (GTG)5
Authors: Mörsch G. , Leibenguth F. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe digoxigenin‐labelled oligonucleotide (GTG)5 was used as a multilocus probe to detect hypervariable microsatellites in roe deer DNA digested with Hae III. The resulting fingerprints of 24 animals belonging to four subpopulations were characterized with regard to within‐subpopulation as well as between‐subpopulation similarity. The mean number of polymorphic fragments was 20 and the average band‐sharing rate for unrelated animals 0.27. A mean probability of 91.5% for a fragment to be present in the heterozygous state was evaluated and the probabilities of identical band patterns in unrelated individuals were estimated to be in the range 1.3 X 10‐16 ‐ 2.5 X 10‐18. Though band‐sharing rates of animals belonging to different subpopulations (range 0.18‐0.24) were lower than those of within‐subpopulations, several measures of population subdivision and the genetic distance do not reveal a striking differentiation of the subpopulations studied.
Further characterization of a somatic cell hybrid panel: ten new assignments to the bovine genome
Authors: Guérin G. , Eggen A. , Vaiman D. , Nocart M. , Laurent P. , Béchet D. , Ferrara M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThirty‐six partially characterized hamster‐bovine hybrid cell lines were used for the determination of synteny groups. Sixteen additional reference loci, selected for their coverage of the bovine genome, were analysed on these hybrid cells. This increases to 25 the number of synteny groups detected. This panel was then used to make synteny assignments for 10 additional loci, eight by Southern blotting (COL1A1, COL1A2, FAS, CTSB, CTSL, CHRNG, HEXB and HTR1A) and two by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification (HRH1 and ETH1112), These loci were assigned to international synteny groups U12 (HRH1), U13 (COL1A2), U17 (CHRNG), U21 (COL1A1, FAS), U29 (ETHI1112), to chromosome 20 (U14 or U25) for HEXB and HTR1A, and to the same local synteny group (A), which is probably U18, for CTSB and CTSL. For three loci already mapped in humans (COL1A1, COL1A2 and CHRNG), the present results are in accordance with the predictions based on comparative mapping between the human and bovine species.
Assignment of the gene for porcine insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) to chromosome 5 by linkage mapping
Authors: Winterø A. K. , Fredholm M. , Andersson L. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryInvestigation of published sequence data from the porcine insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene, resulted in the detection of a microsatellite in the first intron of the gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers flanking the (CA)19 repeat were constructed. Polymorphism and Mendelian segregation were documented in a three‐generation pedigree and allele frequencies were determined in 74 unrelated animals from four different breeds. Seven alleles were encountered. Linkage analysis was performed in a large pedigree established for gene mapping. Linkage between the IGF1 microsatellite and an anonymous microsatellite marker, S0005, was detected. Furthermore, IGF1 and S0005 was found to be linked to the porcine submaxillary gland mucin (MUC) gene, previously assigned to chromosome 5. The results presented here extend the linkage group on pig chromosome 5 and are in accordance with conserved synteny between human chromosome 12, cattle chromosome 5, mouse chromosome 10 and pig chromosome 5.
Genetic blood markers in Arabian, Barb and Arab‐Barb horses in Morocco
Authors: Ouragh L. , Mériaux J‐C , Braun J‐P 
Published: July 2010

SummaryGene frequencies at 16 blood group and protein polymorphism loci (A, C, D, K, P, Q, U, Al, Gc, Es, A1B, Tf, PGD, PGM, GPI and Pi) are given for three horse breeds in Morocco (Arabian, Arab‐Barb and Barb). These data are used to calculate average heterozygosity (h), Nei's standard genetic distance (DN) and probability of exclusion (PE). Variability expressed as the average heterozygosity was lower in the Arabian (0.330 ± 0.066), while it was higher and almost the same in the Arab‐Barb (0.413 ± 0.071) and the Barb (0.414 A ± 0–070). The shortest genetic distance was found between Barb and Arab‐Barb. The 16 loci used are at least 95% effective for recognizing incorrect paternity in these breeds. The Barb and Arab‐Barb genetic profiles obtained showed the rare variants interesting perhaps in the context of European and American breeds: notably Dcfgkm, Ddekl, Es‐N, Tf‐A and Pi‐W.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism in amplification products of the bovine PIT1 gene and assignment of PIT1 to bovine chromosome 1
Authors: Moody D E , Pomp D , Barendse W 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA polymorphism was identified in the bovine PIT1 gene by digesting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products with the restriction enzyme Hinfl. This polymorphism was segregating in five diverse breeds of cattle. PIT1 was sublocalized to the centromeric region of bovine chromosome 1 by linkage analysis.
The lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LCT) gene maps to pig chromosome 15q13
Authors: Thomsen P D , Johansson M , Troelsen J T , Andersson L 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA porcine 17kb genomic fragment was used as probe to map the lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LCT) gene to pig chromosome 15q13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Further, a threeallele TaqI RFLP was used to add the LCT gene to the proximal end of the chromosome 15 linkage map. Comparison of the human chromosome 2 gene map and the gene map of pig chromosome 15 indicates that the part of human chromosome 2 distal to the q13 band is homologous to pig chromosome 15.
Six loci mapped on to human chromosome 2p are assigned to sheep chromosome 3p
Authors: Broad T E , Burkin D J , Cambridge L M , Jones C , Lewis P E , Morse H G , Geyer D , Pearce P D , Ansari H A , Maher D W 
Published: July 2010

SummarySix loci, apoliproprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen), immunoglobulin kappa constant region (IGKC), luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotrophin receptor, avian myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived, ornithine decarboxylase, and proopiomelanocortin (adrenocorticotropin/beta‐lipotropin) (POMC), were newly assigned to sheep chromosome 3p using a chromosomally characterized minipanel of sheep‐hamster cell hybrids. Isotopic in situ hybridization of IGKC to sheep chromosome 3p22–p17 is reported, confirming the cell hybrid assignment. As these loci are all known to map to human chromosome 2p, this study demonstrates that this chromosomal segment is extensively conserved in sheep. Only POMC has been previously assigned to cattle chromosome 11, which is the equivalent of sheep chromosome 3p. Therefore, we predict that the other loci assigned in this study to sheep 3p are likely to be located on cattle 11. The provisional assignment of an additional locus, annexin‐like to sheep chromosome 3p is also reported.
Polymerase chain reaction based genotyping for characterization ofSLA‐DQBandSLA‐DRBalleles in domestic pigs
Authors: Shia Y‐C , Bradshaw M , Rutherford M S , Lewin H A , Schook L B 
Published: July 2010

SummaryMolecular genotyping of swine major histocompatibility complexSLA‐DQBandSLA‐DRBgenes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based amplification is described. Locus‐specific oligonucleotide primers were designed for the analysis of expressed SLA genes by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). RT‐PCR products were sequenced, and the information gained was used to design primers for PCR genotyping of the exon 2 (β1) region from genomic DNA templates. A single segregating amplification product was detected for both DQB and DRB in all animals. PCR products were digested with restriction enzymes. SevenSLA‐DQBPCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern types were observed for bothHaeIII andRsal that defined 14SLA‐DQBalleles. A total of sevenSLA‐DRBPCR‐RFLP pattern types were defined usingMspl (3 RFLP pattern types) andRsal (6 RFLP pattern types). In order to demonstrate their universal utility, the primers were tested on genomic DNA samples from 10 different swine breeds. No breed‐specific alleles were observed. These results show that locus‐specific oligonucleotide primers and RFLP analysis provide a simple and rapid method for genotyping expressedSLA‐DQBandSLA‐DRBfrom genomic DNA.
DNA sequence of the porcine α‐lactalbumin 5' flanking region and single‐base polymorphisms within this region
Authors: Bleck G T , Johnson‐Roberts D L , Jiménez‐Flores R , Wheeler M B 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe 5′ flanking region of the α‐lactalbumin (α‐LA) gene was sequenced for the Duroc, Yorkshire and Meishan breeds of swine to identify potential sequence variants within this regulatory region of the porcine α‐LA gene. The sequenced region of the gene encompasses 391 bp 5′ of the translation start site to 11 bp 3′ of the translation start site. Within this sequence of the porcine α‐LA gene two single‐base pair differences were detected. One variant occurs at position – 178 and the other at position – 235 from the translation start site. Each of the variations can be detected by a restriction fragment length polymorphism within a polymerase chain reaction amplified product. The polymorphisms at the – 178 and – 235 positions appear to be genetically linked in the animals that have been analysed.
Genetic polymorphism of the sixth component of complement (C6) in dogs
Authors: Shibata T , Abe T , Tanabe Y 
Published: July 2010

SummaryUsing agarose gel isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting with rabbit anti‐rabbit C6, a genetic polymorphism was found in the sixth component of complement (C6) in 18 Asian native breeds or populations and three European breeds of dog. The C6 locus was highly polymorphic. The phenotype distribution data indicated that dog C6 phenotypes were controlled by seven codominant alleles, C6A,C6B,C6C,C6D,C6E,C6F and C6G, at a single autosomal locus. Breed differences were observed among the gene frequencies, especially between Asian and European breeds. Two gene flows from the adjacent areas into Japanese native dogs were postulated.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA in cattle and sheep: application for detecting genetic variation
Authors: Kantanen J , Vilkki J , Elo K , Mäki‐Tanila A 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe present study investigated the use of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method to detect genetic variation in cattle and sheep. The animals studied consisted of samples from five Finnish cattle breeds: native Eastern (18 animals), Northern (24), Western Finncattle (24), Finnish Ayrshire (24), and Finnish Friesian (18); as well as a white (6 animals) and a grey (9) colour type of Finnsheep. The cattle and sheep populations were analysed with 11 and 13 RAPD primers demonstrating the most repeatable amplification pattern. Two out of ten RAPD fragments tested by cross hybridization showed homology between the two species. The RAPD method did not prove efficient for finding new polymorphisms in either species, because we found only three polymorphic RAPD markers for cattle and seven markers for sheep with different allele frequencies between the breeds. Although there is a greater presence of polymorphic RAPD markers in sheep, according to the similarity indices the sheep populations showed a higher degree of homogeneity than the cattle breeds. However, the interbreed and intrabreed similarity indices for cattle did not suggest any significant differentiation of the Finnish breeds, contrary to earlier results based on blood group and protein polymorphism.
Polymorphic CAC/T repetitive sequences in the pig genome 1
Authors: Coppieters W , Van de Weghe A , Depicker A , Coppieters J , Peelman L , VAN Zeveren A , Bouquet Y 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThree genomic clones were isolated from a sizeselected pig DNA library by hybridization with a DNA‐fingerprint probe. Analysis at the sequence level revealed that all three clones contain interrupted stretches of triplet repeats mainly composed of CAC and CAT triplets. Evaluation of the corresponding loci for polymorphism by Southern blot hybridization showed considerable length variation. For two loci the polymorphism was also demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The PiGMaP reference pedigree was typed for all three loci.
Assignment of the growth hormone receptor gene to bovine chromosome 20 using linkage analysis and somatic cell mapping
Authors: Moody D E , Pomp D , Barendse W , Womack J E 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA polymorphism was identified in the bovine growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene by digesting polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products with the restriction enzyme Alul. Two alleles were segregating in cattle of Bos indicus descent, but one allele appears to be fixed in Bos taurus cattle. GHR was localized to bovine chromosome 20 using bovine‐rodent hybrid cell lines and linkage analysis.
Identification and characterization of new BoLA‐DRB3 alleles by heteroduplex analysis and direct sequencing
Authors: Sitte K , East I J , Lavin M F , Jazwinska E C 
Published: July 2010

SummaryA sample of 52 mixed‐breed dairy cattle (Holstein Friesian and Jersey) and 51 beef cattle (Hereford) from south‐east Queensland was studied. The second exon of BoLA‐DRB3 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and polymorphisms were detected by heteroduplex analysis. A large number of different heteroduplex patterns indicated extensive sequence polymorphism. Direct sequencing of PCR products from 17 homozygotes and cloning and sequencing of PCR product from two heterozygotes resulted in the identification and characterization of four novel alleles. The previously described allele BoLA‐DRB3* 2A is characterized by an amino acid deletion at position 65. We have identified three animals that are homozygous for this amino acid deletion, indicating that the deletion is unlikely to result in loss of function. Two of these animals had allele BoLA‐DRB3* 2A, and one had a novel allele with codon 65 deleted but differing from BoLA‐DRB3* 2A at a number of other amino acid positions. In conclusion, heteroduplex analysis allows rapid discrimination between homozygotes and heterozygotes, and enables rapid identification of new BoLA‐DRB3 alleles.
Prediction of informativeness for microsatellite markers among progeny of sires used for detection of economic trait loci in dairy cattle
Authors: Ron M , Lewin H , Da Y , Band M , Yanai A , Blank Y , Feldmesser E , Weller J I 
Published: July 2010

SummaryIndividual loci affecting economic traits can be located using genetic linkage. Application of either daughter or granddaughter designs requires determination of allele origin in the progeny. If only the sires and their progeny are genotyped, the paternal allele origin of progeny having the same genotype as the sire cannot be determined. The expected frequency of informative sons can be predicted for each sire and genetic marker from the allele frequencies in the population. The accuracy of a predictor of the frequency of informative progeny was tested on 103 grandsire x microsatellite combinations. Number of sons per grandsire varied from 24 to 129. Allele frequencies in the population were estimated by genotyping seven sires. The regression of the frequency of informative sons on the predicted frequency was 1.04 with a zero intercept model. Thus, considering the large number of genetic markers available for analysis, predicted informative frequency is a useful criterion for selection of genetic markers.