bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of EGFR induced autophagy sensitizes hormone refractory prostate cancer cells to adriamycin
Authors: Xu Shuping , Weihua Zhang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase, is over‐expressed in advanced prostate cancer but tyrosine kinase inhibitors are not clinically effective in the treatment of prostate cancer. Recently it was found that EGFR in cancer cells has a kinase‐independent pro‐survival function, preventing cells from undergoing autophagy. In the present study we investigated whether the anti‐autophagic function of EGFR may contribute to resistance of hormone‐refractory prostate cancer cells to chemotherapeutic‐induced apoptosis.METHODSWe first characterized the autophagic phenotype induced by knocking down EGFR in hormone refractory prostate cancer cells (PC‐3MM2 and DU‐145), then we tested whether loss of EGFR‐induced autophagy could sensitize cancer cells to adriamycin.RESULTSUsing continuous live cell imaging techniques, we observed that knocking down EGFR lead to typical autophagic morphological/molecular changes, cell shrinkage without detachment, aggregation of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein and absence of activation of apoptotic caspases 3/7. Loss of EGFR also increased the activity of calpain, which is pro‐apoptotic. Knocking down EGFR, but not inhibiting its tyrosine kinase activity, significantly sensitized cells to adriamycin‐induced apoptosis. Adriamycin‐induced apoptosis could be inhibited by increased extracellular glucose level, suggesting intracellular glucose deficiency is a key mediator of the sensitization. The loss of EGFR induced autophagy and sensitization to adriamycin were also reproduced by using another hormone refractory prostate cancer cell line, Du145.CONCLUSIONTaken together, these data suggest that decreasing the expression level of EGFR protein, rather than inhibiting its tyrosine kinase activity, may enhance the efficiency of EGFR targeted therapy for prostate cancer. Prostate 71:1216–1224, 2011. Published 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of indium mole fraction on infrared light emitting diode (LED) device performance
Authors: Das Naresh C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report on the design and fabrication of interband cascade light emitting diode (LED) device with InAs/Ga1−xInxSb/InAs quantum well (QW) active region. We have varied indium (In) contents in the QW region between 18 and 30% from x = 0.18 to 0.3 and found that light emission power increases with decrease of In percentage value. We observed a 200% increase in light emission power by decreasing the In content from 30 to 18%. By cooling the LED device, we observed a higher increase in light output power for higher In content devices compared to that of lower In content devices.
Electrical and optical study of phase transitions in thermally evaporated GeTe films
Authors: Kumar P. , Thangaraj R. , Sathiaraj T. S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAmorphous to crystalline phase transformations in thermally evaporated GeTe films have been analyzed by using the resistivity–temperature curves and optical spectroscopic techniques. The phase‐transition temperature increases slightly with annealing temperature, while a large change in the sheet resistance and appreciable decrease in the dc activation energy has been observed due to this transformation. The small value of sheet resistance for the crystalline films as compared to the amorphous ones above the transition temperature reveal the influence of the polarization near the metal/semiconductor interface forming the blocking layer at the interface toward the semiconductor side. The optical contrast value decreases with the decrease in wavelength due to the transitions from the deep levels below the valence band edge. The imaginary parts of dielectric function (ε2) have been calculated from the reflectivity data using the Kramers–Kronig transformations and exhibit its strong dependence on the annealing temperature. The optical gap and tailing parameter have also been studied with annealing temperature. These results have been explained on the basis of the structural relaxation or the change in the local structure due to amorphous–crystalline transformation in the GeTe film due to thermal annealing.
Dopant diffusivity and solubility in nickel silicides
Authors: Blum Ivan , Portavoce Alain , Hoummada Khalid , Tellouche Gamra , Chow Lee , Mangelinck Dominique , Carron Véronique 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBoron and Arsenic diffusion in implanted Ni2Si and NiSi layers has been studied using secondary ion mass spectrometry. These measurements show that As should not diffuse in the silicides at the temperatures used for silicidation. In contrast significant B diffusion is observed in both silicides at temperatures as low as 400°C. It is also observed that both dopants have higher solubilities in Ni2Si than in NiSi. B and As solubilities below 1.1020 at.cm‐3 are measured in NiSi (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐rate deposition of nano‐crystalline silicon thin films on plastics
Authors: Marins E. , Guduru V. , Ribeiro M. , Cerqueira F. , Bouattour A. , Alpuim P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNanocrystalline silicon (nc‐Si:H) is commonly used in the bottom cell of tandem solar cells. With an indirect bandgap, nc‐Si:H requires thicker (∼1 µm) films for efficient light harvesting than amorphous Si (a‐Si:H) does. Therefore, thin‐film high deposition rates are crucial for further cost reduction of highly efficient a–Si:H based photovoltaic technology. Plastic substrates allow for further cost reduction by enabling roll‐to‐roll inline deposition. In this work, high nc‐Si:H deposition rates on plastic were achieved at low substrate temperature (150 °C) by standard Radio‐frequency (13.56 MHz) Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition. Focus was on the influence of deposition pressure, inter‐electrode distance (1.2 cm) and high power coupled to the plasma, on the hydrogen‐to‐silane dilution ratios (HD) necessary to achieve the amorphous‐to‐nanocrystalline phase transition and on the resulting film deposition rate. For each pressure and rf‐power, there is a value of HD for which the films start to exhibit a certain amount of crystalline fraction. For constant rf‐power, this value increases with pressure. Within the parameter range studied the deposition rate was highest (0.38 nm/s) for nc‐Si:H films deposited at 6 Torr, 700 mW/cm2 using HD of 98.5%. Decreasing the pressure to 3 Torr (1.5 Torr) and rf‐power to 350 mW/cm2 using HD – 98.5% deposition rate is 0.12 nm/s (0.076 nm/s). Raman crystalline fraction of these films is 72, 62 and 53% for the 6, 3 and 1.5 Torr films, respectively (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In situ aerosol measurements taken during the 2007 COPS field campaign at the Hornisgrinde ground site
Authors: Jones H. M. , Crosier J. , Russell A. , Flynn M. J. , Irwin M. , Choularton T. W. , Coe H. , McFiggans G. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe Convective and Orographically‐induced Precipitation Study (COPS) campaign was conducted during the summer of 2007. A suite of instruments housed at the top of the Hornisgrinde Mountain (1156 m) in the Black Forest region of south‐west Germany provided datasets that allow an investigation into the physical, chemical and hygroscopic properties of the aerosol particles sampled during COPS. Organic mass loadings were found to dominate the aerosol composition for the majority of the project, exceeding 8 µg m−3 during a period of high pressure, high temperature, and low wind speed. The ratio of organic:sulphate sub‐micron mass concentration exceeds 10:1 during the same time period. Back trajectories show air from this time‐frame passing slowly over the local forest and not passing over any local anthropogenic sources. Occasional peaks in nitrate mass loadings were associated with changes in the typical wind direction from south‐westerly to north‐westerly where air had passed over the Stuttgart region. Size distribution data shows a dominant accumulation‐mode when the measurement site was free from precipitation events. A sharp increase in ultrafine particle number concentration was seen during most days commencing around noon. The apparent growth of these particles is associated with an increase in organic mass loading, suggesting condensational growth. For the most part, with the exception of the high pressure period, the aerosol properties recorded during COPS were comparable to previous studies of continental aerosol properties. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
The reaction mechanism of the gas‐phase thermal decomposition kinetics of neopentyl halides: A DFT study
Authors: Mora José R. , Márquez Edgar , Lezama Jesus , Córdova Tania , Chuchani Gabriel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanisms of the gas‐phase elimination reactions of neopentyl chloride and neopentyl bromide have been studied by means of electronic structure calculations using density functional methods: B3LYP/6‐31G(d,p), B3LYP/ 6‐31++G(d,p), MPW1PW91/6‐31G(d,p), MPW1PW91/6‐31++G(d,p), PBEPBE/6‐31G(d,p), PBEPBE /6‐31++G(d,p). The reaction channels that account in products formation have a common first step involving a Wagner‐Meerwein rearrangement. The migration of the halide from the terminal carbon to the more substituted carbon is followed by beta‐elimination of HCl or HBr to give two olefins: the Sayzeff and Hoffmann products. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that these eliminations proceed through concerted asynchronous process. The transition state (TS) located for the rate‐determining step shows the halide detached and bridging between the terminal carbon and the quaternary carbon, while the methyl group is also migrating in a concerted fashion. The TS is described as an intimate ion‐pair with a large negative charge at the halide atom. The concerted migration of methyl group provides stabilization of the TS by delocalizing the electron density between the terminal carbon and the quaternary carbon. The B3LYP/6‐31++G(d,p) allows to obtain reasonable energies and enthalpies of activation. The nature of these reactions is examined in terms of geometrical parameters, electron distribution, and bond order analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Strengthening biostatistics resources in sub‐Saharan Africa: Research collaborations through U.S. partnerships
Authors: Gezmu Misrak , DeGruttola Victor , Dixon Dennis , Essex Max , Halloran Elizabeth , Hogan Joseph , Grobler Anneke , Kim Soyeon , McDermott Jeanne , McKaig Rosemary , Neaton James D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOn September 30, 2009, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH) conducted a workshop on strengthening biostatistics resources in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). An increase in global spending on health research over the last decade has boosted funds available to conduct biomedical research in low‐ to mid‐income countries. The HIV/AIDS pandemic, the re‐emergence of malaria and tuberculosis, and other emerging infectious agents are major driving forces behind the increase in biomedical research and clinical care programs (clinical trials, observational studies and, other public health programs) in SSA (Exp. Biol. Med. 2008; 233:277–285). In addition, the increased engagement of the United States (U.S.) government through the Global Health Initiative, which expands the traditional focus beyond infectious diseases to other causes of poor health and to the recognition of need the to strengthen health systems for a sustainable response, only increases the need for in‐depth in‐country expertise in all aspects of biomedical research (White House Press Release, 2009).In this workshop, researchers both from the U.S. and SSA were invited to discuss their collaborative work, to discuss ways in which biostatistical activities are carried out within their research projects, and to identify both general and specific needs for capacity building in biostatistics. Capacity building discussions highlighted the critical need to increase the number of well‐trained in‐country biostatisticians, both to participate in ongoing studies and to contribute to an infrastructure that can produce the next generation of biostatistical researchers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test non‐inferiority (and equivalence) based on the odds ratio under a simple crossover trial
Authors: Lui Kung‐Jong , Chang Kuang‐Chao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFor testing the non‐inferiority (or equivalence) of a generic drug to a standard drug, the odds ratio (OR) of patient response rates has been recommended to measure the relative treatment efficacy. On the basis of a random effects logistic regression model, we develop asymptotic test procedures for testing non‐inferiority and equivalence with respect to the OR of patient response rates under a simple crossover design. We further derive exact test procedures, which are especially useful for the situations in which the number of patients in a crossover trial is small. We address sample size calculation for testing non‐inferiority and equivalence based on the asymptotic test procedures proposed here. We also discuss estimation of the OR of patient response rates for both the treatment and period effects. Finally, we include two examples, one comparing two solution aerosols in treating asthma, and the other one studying two inhalation devices for asthmatics, to illustrate the use of the proposed test procedures and estimators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A formal framework to test soft and hard deadlines in timed systems
Authors: Merayo Mercedes G. , Núñez Manuel , Rodríguez Ismael 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYThis paper introduces a formal framework to specify and test systems presenting both soft and hard deadlines. While hard deadlines must always be met on time, soft deadlines can be sometimes met in a different time, usually greater, from the specified one. It is this characteristic (to formally definetextitsometimes) that produces several reasonable alternatives to define appropriate implementation relations, that is, relations to decide whether an implementation is correct with respect to a specification. In addition to introducing these relations, the paper also presents a formal testing framework to test implementations and provides an algorithm to derive sound and complete test suites with respect to the implementation relations previously defined. That is, an implementation conforms to a specification if and only if the implementation successfully passes all the tests belonging to the suite derived from the specification. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of probabilistic voltage profile analysis method in island power system
Authors: Trivedi Indrajit N. , Tsuji Takao , Oyama Tsutomu , Hashiguchi Takuhei , Goda Tadahiro , Ueda Yasunori 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFor island power systems, generally diesel engine generators are being used for supplying power. In recent years, much attention is being paid to renewable energy sources to improve the CO2 emission problem which is a serious issue worldwide. Although the utilization of renewable energy is effective, it poses problems because of the fact that the voltage profile changes due to the reverse power flow. Conventionally, the deterministic load model is used for power flow calculations. However, in a small power system such as the island power system, the deterministic model is not effective as the ‘law of great numbers’ is not applicable. Therefore, in this study, we have developed a new probabilistic approach to analyze the voltage profile of a small power network using the binomial distribution model. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Feature subset selection: a correlation‐based SVM filter approach
Authors: Li Boyang , Wang Qiangwei , Hu Jinglu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe central criterion of feature selection is that good feature sets contain features that are highly correlated with the output, yet uncorrelated with each other. Based on this criterion, we address the problem of feature selection through correlation‐based feature clustering and support vector machine (SVM) based feature ranking. Correlation‐based clustering is proposed to group features into some clusters based on the correlation between two features. As a result, a feature is highly correlated to any other feature in the same cluster but uncorrelated to the features in other clusters. From each cluster, we select a feature as the delegate based on its influence quantities on the output. The influence quantities are measured by the feature sensitivity in the SVM. The proposed approach can identify relevant features and eliminate redundancy among them effectively. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through comparisons with other methods using real‐world data with different dimensions. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multiphysics analysis for micro electromechanical systems based on electrical circuit simulator
Authors: Mita Makoto , Maruyama Satoshi , Yi Yuheon , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Fujita Hiroyuki , Toshiyoshi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report a newly developed equivalent electrical circuit for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) based on a circuit simulator Qucs (Quite Universal Circuit Simulator). An analog computing solver for the equation of motion (EOM) has been interpreted to an electrical equivalent circuit by using an electrical capacitor as an ideal mathematic integrator. Viscoelastic suspension and electrostatic parallel‐plate actuator are modeled as equivalent subcircuits that can be cosolved with the EOM module. Those subcircuit models are used as building blocks to numerically simulate the behavior of various types of MEMS actuators. Thanks to the well‐prepared simulation toolbox of Qucs, multiphysics analysis of micromechanical and electrical quantities has become straightforward on a single platform. Equivalent circuit models for coupled oscillator and parallel‐plate electrostatic actuator (including mechanical contact after electrostatic pull‐in) are presented as a verification program to examine the simulation accuracy. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Maternal attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis of idiopathic clubfoot
Authors: Radler C. , Myers A. K. , Burghardt R. D. , Arrabal P. P. , Herzenberg J. E. , Grill F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo examine maternal attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis of idiopathic clubfoot and to determine the incidence of false‐negative ultrasound examinations.MethodsSurveys were mailed to mothers of patients with clubfoot born between 2000 and 2007 who were treated at either Sinai Hospital of Baltimore or Orthopaedic Hospital Speising. Exclusion criteria were underlying syndrome, genetic abnormality and multiple pregnancy. The survey asked the mother whether she had had any ultrasound examinations before her child was born, whether any of these had shown clubfoot, and whether she would have preferred to find out about her child's clubfoot before birth or after birth.ResultsMothers completed 220 (USA, 105 surveys; Austria, 115 surveys) of 401 mailed surveys. The prenatal detection rate was 60% in the USA compared with 25% in Austria (P = 0.001). Overall, 74% of mothers indicated a preference for prenatal diagnosis and 24% indicated a preference for postnatal diagnosis of the condition. Of 92 patients diagnosed prenatally, 96% of mothers indicated a preference for a prenatal diagnosis. Of 128 patients diagnosed postnatally, 58% of mothers indicated a preference for prenatal diagnosis, 38% for postnatal diagnosis and 4% were undecided.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of clubfoot is still often missed during routine ultrasound examination. When a prenatal diagnosis is made, most mothers appreciate having this information. However, when prenatal diagnosis is missed, a significant proportion of mothers seem to accept the false‐negative diagnosis retrospectively. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal echocardiography at 11–13 weeks by transabdominal high‐frequency ultrasound
Authors: Persico N. , Moratalla J. , Lombardi C. M. , Zidere V. , Allan L. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the accuracy of fetal echocardiography at 11–13 weeks performed by well‐trained obstetricians using a high‐frequency linear ultrasound transducer.MethodsFetal echocardiography was performed by obstetricians immediately before chorionic villus sampling for fetal karyotyping at 11–13 weeks. Digital videoclips of the examination stored by the obstetrician were reviewed offline by a specialist fetal cardiologist.ResultsThe obstetrician suspected 95 (95%) of the 100 cardiac defects identified by the fetal cardiologist and made the correct diagnosis in 84 (84%) of these cases. In 54 fetuses, the defect was classified as major and in 46 it was minor. In 767 (86.6%) cases, the heart was normal and in 19 (2.1%) the views were inadequate for assessment of normality or abnormality. A subsequent second‐trimester scan in the normal group identified major cardiac defects in four cases. Therefore, the first‐trimester scan by the obstetricians and cardiologists identified 54 (93.1%) of the 58 major cardiac defects.ConclusionsA well‐trained obstetrician using high‐resolution ultrasound equipment can assess the fetal heart at 11–13 weeks with a high degree of accuracy. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vakuumisolierung in der Fernwärme
Authors: Hauck Günter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDie Vakuumisolierung bietet ein Höchstmaß an Betriebssicherheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit in der Fernwärmeversorgung. Zuverlässige Vakuumkomponenten haben zu den Fortschritten in der Fernwärmetechnik entscheidend beigetragen.
Neue massenspektrometrische Methoden in der anorganischen Spurenanalytik
Authors: Greb Ulrich 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn nur fünf Jahren hat die Spurenanalyse mit ICP‐MS eine weite Verbreitung in analytischen Labors gefunden. Die Gründe dafür sind in der einfachen Handhabung, der Flexibilität der Anwendung und der Nachweisstärke bis unter 1 ppt zu suchen. Hochauflösende GD‐MS hat sich einen festen Platz in der Ultraspurenanalyse von hochreinen Metallen erobert, eine weitere Verbreitung in der Spurenanalytik hat aber erst kürzlich durch die Einführung von GD‐MS mit einem Quadrupolanalysator begonnen. Beide Methoden ergänzen sich vorzüglich und werden in der Kombination einen festen Platz im analytischen Labor erobern.
Die Entwicklung der Gasreibungspumpe von Gaede über Holweck und Siegbahn bis zu Pfleiderer und Becker
Authors: Reich Günter 
Published: January 2011

AbstractGasreibungspumpen haben in den letzten 30 Jahren eine immer größere Bedeutung in der Vakuumtechnik erlangt. In diesem Beitrag wird die Entstehung dieses Pumpprinzips und die Entwicklung der verschiedenen Versionen dokumentiert.