bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient RNA interference in patients' acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells amplified as xenografts in mice
Authors: Höfig Ines , Ehrhardt Harald , Jeremias Irmela 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Signaling studies in cell lines are hampered by non-physiological alterations obtained in vitro. Physiologic primary tumor cells from patients with leukemia require passaging through immune-compromised mice for amplification. The aim was to enable molecular work in patients' ALL cells by establishing siRNA transfection into cells amplified in mice.

Results
We established delivering siRNA into these cells without affecting cell viability. Knockdown of single or multiple genes reduced constitutive or induced protein expression accompanied by marked signaling alterations.

Conclusion
Our novel technique allows using patient-derived tumor cells instead of cell lines for signaling studies in leukemia.
Sodium Channels and Mammalian Sensory Mechanotransduction
Authors: Raouf Ramin , Rugiero Francois , Kiesewetter Hannes , Hatch Rachel , Hummler Edith , Nassar Mohammed A , Wang Fan , Wood John N 
Published: March 2012

Background: Members of the degenerin/epithelial (DEG/ENaC) sodium channel family are mechanosensors in C elegans, and Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 voltage-gated sodium channel knockout mice have major deficits in mechanosensation. β and γENaC sodium channel subunits are present with acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) in mammalian sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The extent to which epithelial or voltage-gated sodium channels are involved in transduction of mechanical stimuli is unclear. Results: Here we show that deleting β and γENaC sodium channels in sensory neurons does not result in mechanosensory behavioural deficits. We had shown previously that Nav1.7/Nav1.8 double knockout mice have major deficits in behavioural responses to noxious mechanical pressure. However, all classes of mechanically activated currents in DRG neurons are unaffected by deletion of the two sodium channels. In contrast, the ability of Nav1.7/Nav1.8 knockout DRG neurons to generate action potentials is compromised with 50% of the small diameter sensory neurons unable to respond to electrical stimulation in vitro. Conclusion: Behavioural deficits in Nav1.7/Nav1.8 knockout mice reflects a failure of action potential propagation in a mechanosensitive set of sensory neurons rather than a loss of primary transduction currents. DEG/ENaC sodium channels are not mechanosensors in mouse sensory neurons.
Expression of fatty acid synthesis genes and fatty acid accumulation in haematococcus pluvialis under different stressors
Authors: Lei Anping , Chen Huan , Shen Guoming , Hu Zhangli , Chen Lei , Wang Jiangxin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundBiofuel has been the focus of intensive global research over the past few years. The development of 4thgeneration biofuel production (algae-to-biofuels) based on metabolic engineering of algae is still in its infancy, one of the main barriers is our lacking of understanding of microalgal growth, metabolism and biofuel production. Although fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis pathway genes have been all cloned and biosynthesis pathway was built up in some higher plants, the molecular mechanism for its regulation in microalgae is far away from elucidation.ResultsWe cloned main key genes for FA biosynthesis inHaematococcus pluvialis, a green microalga as a potential biodiesel feedstock, and investigated the correlations between their expression alternation and FA composition and content detected by GC-MS under different stress treatments, such as nitrogen depletion, salinity, high or low temperature. Our results showed that high temperature, high salinity, and nitrogen depletion treatments played significant roles in promoting microalgal FA synthesis, while FA qualities were not changed much. Correlation analysis showed that acyl carrier protein (ACP), 3-ketoacyl-ACP-synthase (KAS), and acyl-ACP thioesterase (FATA) gene expression had significant correlations with monounsaturated FA (MUFA) synthesis and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) synthesis.ConclusionsWe proposed that ACP, KAS, and FATA inH. pluvialismay play an important role in FA synthesis and may be rate limiting genes, which probably could be modified for the further study of metabolic engineering to improve microalgal biofuel quality and production.
Methods for identifying lipoxygenase producing microorganisms on agar plates
Authors: Nyyssölä Antti , Heshof Ruud , Haarmann Thomas , Eidner Jasmin , Westerholm-Parvinen Ann , Langfelder Kim , Kruus Kristiina , de Graaff Leo , Buchert Johanna 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Plate assays for lipoxygenase producing microorganisms on agar plates have been developed. Both potassium iodide-starch and indamine dye formation methods were effective for detecting soybean lipoxygenase activity on agar plates. A positive result was also achieved using the β-carotene bleaching method, but the sensitivity of this method was lower than the other two methods. The potassium iodide-starch and indamine dye formation methods were also applied for detecting lipoxygenase production by Trichoderma reesei and Pichia pastoris transformants expressing the lipoxygenase gene of the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis. In both cases lipoxygenase production in the transformants could be identified. For detection of the G. graminis lipoxygenase produced by Aspergillus nidulans the potassium iodide-starch method was successful. When Escherichia coli was grown on agar and soybean lipoxygenase was applied on the culture lipoxygenase activity could clearly be detected by the indamine dye formation method. This suggests that the method has potential for screening of metagenomic libraries in E. coli for lipoxygenase activity.
Development of Three-Dimensional Tissue Models Based on Hierarchical Cell Manipulation Using Nanofilms
Authors: Matsusaki Michiya 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The creation of artificial three-dimensional (3D) tissues possessing structure and function similar to natural tissue is a key challenge for implantable tissues in tissue engineering, and for model tissues in pharmaceutical assays. This account is a summary of our current research toward this challenge. We have developed a simple and unique bottom-up approach, hierarchical cell manipulation technique, using nanometer-sized layer-by-layer films consisting of fibronectin and gelatin (FN–G) as a nano-extracellular matrix (nano-ECM). The FN–G nanofilms were prepared directly on the cell surface, and we discovered that at least 6 nm thick FN–G films acted as a stable adhesive surface for adhesion of the second cell layer. Various 3D-layered constructs consisting of single or multiple types of cells were successfully fabricated, and the higher cellular activities induced from the 3D-structures as compared to monolayer structure were observed. Furthermore, the multilayered constructs like a blood vessel wall structure indicated almost the same drug response as in vivo natural blood vessels, suggesting the possibility to use as an in vitro blood vessel model to analyze drug response. Recently, we also developed a rapid bottom-up approach by a single cell coating using FN–G nanofilms, because the fabrication of two-layers (2L) is limited through the above technique due to the time required for stable cell adhesion. This rapid approach easily provided approximately eight-layered (8L) 3D-tissues after only one day of incubation. The layer number, cell type, and location were all successfully controlled by altering the seeding cell number and order. Moreover, fully and homogeneously vascularized tissues of 1 cm width and 50 µm height were obtained by a sandwich culture of the endothelial cells. These hierarchical cell manipulations will be promising to achieve one of the dreams of biomedical field, in vitro creation of artificial 3D-tissue models.
Synthesis, Structure, and Physiological Effects of Peroxovanadium(V) Complexes Containing Amino Acid Derivatives as Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Sugiyama Hironori , Matsugo Seiichi , Konishi Tetsuya , Takamura Toshinari , Kaneko Shuichi , Kubo Yukari , Sato Kyouhei , Kanamori Kan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
We have synthesized and structurally characterized novel peroxovanadium(V) compounds containing amino acid derivatives as ancillary ligands; N-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-l-alanate (imala) and N-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-l-phenylalanate (imphe). The structure of the imala complex was determined using X-ray crystallography. These compounds stimulated the proliferation of H4IIEC3 rat hepatoma cells at low doses but were cytotoxic at high doses. They also exhibited insulin-mimetic effects.
CeO2 Hollow Nanospheres as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Sasidharan Manickam , Gunawardhana Nanda , Yoshio Masaki , Nakashima Kenichi 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
CeO2 hollow nanospheres were synthesized using polymeric micelle poly(styrene-block-acrylic acid-block-ethylene oxide) with core–shell–corona architecture. The CeO2 hollow nanospheres were investigated as anode materials for rechargeable lithium ion batteries for the first time. The nanostructured electrode shows desirable electrochemical properties such as high capacity, good capacity retention, and rate performance.
Unprecedented Temperature-dependent Formation of 3- and 7-Methyl-3H-azepine Derivatives by the Reaction of o-Nitrotoluene with Tributylphosphine in Nucleophilic Media
Authors: Ulfa Siti Mariyah , Okamoto Hideki , Satake Kyosuke 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The reaction of o-methylphenylnitrene in the presence of alcohol and amine was expected to give isomeric pairs of 3- and 7-methyl-3H-azepine derivatives. The formation ratio between these isomers was found to be obviously influenced by reaction temperature, that is, reaction at 150 °C gave 7-methyl-3H-azepine derivative, however, it became minor under 70 °C in both media. The ratio between 3- and 7-methyl derivatives is explained by a scheme of kinetic- and thermodynamic-controlled product distribution from o-methylphenylnitrene to 3- and 7-methyldehydroazepine intermediates which are trapped by nucleophilic media to give 3- and 7-methyl-3H-azepine derivatives.
Messung von absoluten Kugelradiustopografien mit einem Kugelinterferometer — Interpolationsmethoden
Authors: Bartl Guido , Krystek Michael , Nicolaus Arnold 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das für das Kugelinterferometer der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt entwickelte Stitching-Verfahren erlaubt es, an Stelle der üblicherweise erhaltenen Durchmesser die tatsächliche Kugelform als Radiustopografie mit wenigen Nanometern Unsicherheit zu rekonstruieren. Die laterale Auflösung der rekonstruierten Kugelform ist bei einem bereits vorgestellten Ansatz auf Basis von Kugelflächenfunktionen hardwarebedingt beschränkt. Eine Abwandlung des Modells mit einem Interpolationsgitter bietet hier Abhilfe. Die beiden Modellvarianten werden im Vergleich präsentiert.
Materialidentifikation mittels optisch realisierter Kreuzkorrelation der Reflektanzspektren
Authors: Taphanel Miro , Gruna Robin , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel stellt ein neuartiges, zum Patent angemeldetes Unterscheidungsverfahren für Materialien [1] vor, welches die Ähnlichkeit zweier Spektren in Form eines normierten Kreuzkorrelationskoeffizienten misst. Die Besonderheit liegt in der optischen Realisierung des Verfahrens. Auf Grundlage des normierten Kreuzkorrelationskoeffizienten wird eine Messgleichung entwickelt, die dann zur Herleitung des Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses (SNR) genutzt wird. Im Experiment wird untersucht, wie metamere Farben anhand ihrer Spektren unterschieden werden können. Die erzielten Resultate werden abschließend mit theoretisch vorhergesagten Ergebnissen verglichen.
Qualität dynamischer Satellitenortung im Eisenbahnverkehr
Authors: Schnieder Eckehard 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die hohen Ansprüche an die Sicherheit bei Eisenbahnen erfordern bei der Anwendung satellitengestützter Ortung die Qualifikation ihrer zuverlässigkeits- und messtechnischen Eigenschaften. Deren luft- und raumfahrtspezifischen Anforderungen verwenden jedoch andere Begriffe als das Eisenbahnwesen. Durch deren Einordnung in ein formalisiertes Terminologiekonzept lassen sich die spezifischen Merkmale und Größen jedoch überführen, sodass die metrologische und zuverlässigkeitstechnische Qualität terminologisch definiert und empirisch bestimmt werden kann.
Computerized measurements of radiographic anatomical parameters of the elbow joint in Bernese Mountain Dogs
Authors: Schmoekel H. G. , Waibl H. , Brunnberg L. , Stein S. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryObjective: Comparison of two methods for evaluation of anatomical parameters of elbow joints in Bernese Mountain Dogs.Study design: Radiographic analysis.Animals: Nine hundred and thirty-one radiographs of elbow joints from 305 Bernese Mountain Dogs.Material and methods: The angles OL, PA, RA and UL were measured according to the Mues method and the Radius of the humeral condyle, Opening angle beta, Quotient Q and Ae, Area X, Step 1 and Step 2 according to the Viehmann method. The radiographs were divided according to their angle of flexion into five groups: 0–30°, 31–60°, 61–90°, 91–120° and >120°. The difference and the correlation between measured values and the elbow dysplasia (ED) score was calculated and compared.Results: The average values of angle OL, PA and RA, Area X, Step 1 and Step 2 were significantly different within the different elbow flexion angle groups. The values of Opening angle beta, Quotients Q and Ae as well as Radius of the humeral condyle varied independently from the degree of the elbow flexion on the radiograph. The angles OL, PA and RA and the Radius of the humeral condyle, the Opening angle beta, the Quotients Q and Ae, Step 1 and Step 2 correlated with the ED score.Conclusion: In contrast to the method of Mues, the majority of the measured parameters of the method of Viehmann were not influenced by the degree of flexion of the elbow joint and correlated with the ED score. Clinical relevance: The method of Viehmann warrants consideration for the evaluation of radiographs of elbow joints in the Bernese Mountain Dog for ED.This article is based on a study first reported in S. Stein's doctoral thesis, which was presented on 08.05.2007 and published thereafter in full by Mensch & Buch Verlag. This abridged and translated version is now being published with the kind permission of Mensch & Buch Verlag.
Ventral stabilization and facetectomy in a Great Dane with wobbler syndrome due to cervical spinal canal stenosis
Authors: Danielski A. , Vanhaesebrouck A. , Yeadon R. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThis report describes the management of clinically significant, single level cervical spinal canal stenosis associated with articular facet hypertrophy in a three-year-old Great Dane dog, by combined surgical decompression and spinal stabilization. Spinal column stabilization was achieved by ventral application of two String of Pearls locking plates and subsequent decompression was accomplished by unilateral facetectomy. The six-month postoperative reassessment examination confirmed satisfactory clinical outcome with a complete return to normal activity, resolution of neurological deficits and maintenance of implant positioning.
The Focus Axiom and Poverty: On the Co-existence of Precise Language and Ambiguous Meaning in Economic Measurement
Authors: Subramanian Subbu 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Despite the formal rigour that attends social and economic measurement, the substantive meaning of particular measures could be compromised in the absence of a clear and coherent conceptualization of the phenomenon being measured. A case in point is afforded by the status of a ‘focus axiom’ in the measurement of poverty. ‘Focus’ requires that a measure of poverty ought to be sensitive only to changes in the income-distribution of the poor population of any society. In practice, most poverty indices advanced in the literature satisfy an ‘incomefocus’ but not a ‘population-focus’ axiom. This, it is argued in the present paper, makes for an incoherent underlying conception of poverty. The paper provides examples of poverty measures which either satisfy both income and population focus or violate both, or which effectively do not recognize a clear dichotomization of a population into its poor and non-poor components, and suggests that such measures possess a virtue of consistency, and coherent meaning, lacking in most extant measures of poverty available in the literature.
Deformation of the ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene melt in the plane‐strain compression
Authors: Bartczak Zbigniew , Beris Petra F. M. , Wasilewski Krzysztof , Galeski Andrzej , Lemstra Piet J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDeformability of molten ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was studied in the plane‐strain compression at the temperature from a range of 145–165°C. Two grades of UHMWPE were tested—a commercial one synthesized in a slurry process with conventional Ziegler‐Natta catalyst and the material polymerized in solution at low temperature using a homogeneous metallocene catalyst. These grades differ markedly in the initial concentration of chain entanglements in nascent powders. Specimens used for compression were produced either by compression molding or compaction of the nascent powders (sintering) at the temperature up to 130°C in order to obtain a set of samples with a range of chain entanglement concentration. Plane‐strain compression tests demonstrated a rubber‐like behavior and a good deformability of molten samples in the temperature range of 145–155°C. The ultimate true strain up to e = 3 was observed in samples prepared by compression molding, while for sintered samples of metallocene polymer it exceeded e = 4.3 (deformation ratio, λ > 74). At higher temperature of 165°C deformation became unstable. A strong correlation between topological structure of the melt and its deformation behavior was found: highly disentangled samples (from nascent powder of metallocene polymer) tend to deform to much higher strain than samples of lightly reduced concentration of chain entanglements (from nascent powder of commercial Z‐N polymer) or samples with entanglement density close to an equilibrium (prepared by compression molding), which demonstrated the lowest ultimate strain. The obtained results point out a new route of melt‐processing of UHMWPE nascent powders for fabrication of ultra‐strength fibers, alternative to the gel‐spinning technology. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Factors affecting consumers' trust in online product reviews
Authors: Racherla Pradeep , Mandviwalla Munir , Connolly Daniel J. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, we apply the uncertainty reduction theory from communication to delineate the antecedents of consumers' trust in online product reviews. We test the competing effects of information content (argument quality) and social component (perceived background similarity) on consumers' trust in reviews. We also hypothesize that the strength of the effect is moderated by consumers' involvement. To test the hypotheses, we adopted a 2 × 2 × 2 repeated measures experimental design. The results show that both argument quality and perceived similarity contribute to increased trust but in varying degrees. The results provide mixed support to the moderating role of involvement. While argument quality played an important role in the high involvement mode, perceived similarity explained more variance in the low involvement mode. We discuss the implications of these results for both research and practice.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The practice of using makeup: A consumption ritual of adolescent girls
Authors: Gentina Elodie , Palan Kay M. , Fosse‐Gomez Marie‐Hélène 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe consumption of makeup by teenage girls may represent a ritual critical to the rite of passage to adulthood. To explore this issue, depth interviews were conducted with 25 teenage girls in France, ages 14–18 years, about their makeup use. The data in this exploratory study suggest that putting on makeup is a ritual that plays a critical role for adolescent girls separating from their childhood and transitioning toward adulthood. Evidence of ritual dimensions (repetition, symbolic, codification, and dramaturgy) was found. The data further suggest that the traditional rite of passage associated with primitive societies is useful in identifying ritual teenage girls' makeup consumption in modern society, although with some differences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Racial, socioeconomic, and demographic disparities in access to fertility preservation in young women diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Letourneau Joseph M. , Smith James F. , Ebbel Erin E. , Craig Amaranta , Katz Patricia P. , Cedars Marcelle I. , Rosen Mitchell P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:This study seeks to examine the relation between sociodemographic characteristics and the utilization of fertility preservation services in reproductive age women diagnosed with cancer.METHODS:A total of 1041 women diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 18 and 40 years responded to a retrospective survey on demographic information and reproductive health history. Five cancer types were included: leukemia, Hodgkin disease, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, breast cancer, and gastrointestinal cancer. Nine hundred eighteen women reported treatment with potential to affect fertility (chemotherapy, pelvic radiation, pelvic surgery, or bone marrow transplant). Student t test, linear regression, and multivariate logistic regression were used where appropriate to determine the relation between sociodemographic characteristics and the odds of using fertility preservation services.RESULTS:Sixty‐one percent of women were counseled on the risk of cancer treatment to fertility by the oncology team. Overall, 4% of women pursued fertility preservation. In multivariate analysis, women who had not attained a bachelor's degree (odds ratio [OR], 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5‐0.9) were less likely to be counseled. Trends also suggested possible disparities in access to fertility preservation with age older than 35 years (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.0‐1.4) or previous children (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1‐1.1) at diagnosis. Disparities in access to fertility preservation based on ethnicity and sexual orientation were also observed.CONCLUSIONS:Sociodemographic health disparities likely affect access to fertility preservation services. Although awareness of fertility preservation has improved in the past decade, an unmet need remains for reproductive health counseling and fertility preservation in reproductive age women diagnosed with cancer. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.