bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Isolation ofEubacterium suisin Hungary
Authors: Biksi I. , Fodor L. , Szenci O. , Vetesi F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEubacterium suiswas isolated from the preputium of seven out of 16 mature boars on two farms and from the urinary bladder of one out of five sows originating from a third herd. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated strains were identical to that of the reference strain ofE suisATTC 33144. Three out of four strains isolated from Farm A were successfully subcultured aerobically, and then anaerobically again.E. suistogether withProteus mirabiliswas isolated from cystitis of a sow 4 days after artificial insemination. These are the first strains ofE. suisisolated in Hungary.
Relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Milk and Human Handlers in Dairy Farms in Trinidad
Authors: Adesiyun A.A. , Webb L.A. , Romain H.T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe susceptibility of S. aureus strains isolated from milk and human handlers in dairy farms in Trinidad to bacteriophages was determined. Of the 110 strains isolated from bulk milk, 73 (66.4%) were typable either at routine test dilution (RTD) or 100‐RDT compared to 108 (72.5 %) of 149 strains from composite milk sensitive but the difference was not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05; X2). Strains of S. aureus from human handlers had significantly (P ≤ 0.05; X2) lower sensitivity, with only 90 (59.6%) of 151 strains typable. Phages in various groups were predominantly more active on both milk isolates, 54.1 % (98 of 181) and human strains, 73.3% (66 of 90). Phage 42D alone lysed 22 (12.2%) but with other phages typed 90 (49.7%) of 181 typable strains from milk compared to a lytic activity of only 1.1 % (1 of 90) alone and 35 (38.9 %) with other phages for strains isolated from human handlers. The differences were however not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05; X2). Relatedness of S. aureus strains isolated from bulk milk, composite milk and human handlers on each farm was demonstrated in 21 (46.7 %) of 45 dairy farms using the phage patterns detected. Similarly, the relatedness of S. aureus strains isolated from the anterior nares and hands of each human milker was detected on 10 (35.7 %) of 28 dairy farms studied.It was concluded that S. aureus strains from human milkers contaminated both composite and bulk milk on the farms studied while bovine strains of S. aureus were also acquired by humans during milking.
Effects of Lysozyme Dimer on Humoral Response to Sheep Erythrocytes in Non‐treated and Cyclophosphamide‐Immunosuppressed Mice
Authors: Obminska‐Domoradzka B. , ŚWitala M. , Dȩbowy J. , Kiczka W. , Garbulinski T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of lysozyme dimer on humoral response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and restoration of the response impaired by a single cyclophosphamide dose (200 mg/kg) were tested on mice. The effect of lysozyme dimer on the humoral response to SRBC in non‐treated with cyclophosphamide mice was determined in relation to doses (0.2, 2, 20 or 200 μg/kg) and the time of the drug administration with respect to the antigen before or after SRBC immunization. Moreover, the effect of lysozyme dimer on the humoral response in cyclophosphamide‐treated mice was studied depending on the dose applied and time of exposure to the drug in relation to SRBC. It has been found that lysozyme dimer potentiates the humoral response to SRBC in mice, resulting in an increased number of splenocytes producing haemolytic antibodies (PFC) and the total and 2‐mercaptoethanol resistant level of anti‐SRBC antibodies. A single exposure to lysozyme dimer gave the strongest stimulating action on SRBC when the doses of 2 or 20 μg/kg were administered 2 h prior to the antigen. The potentiating effect of the drug was reduced when it was administered 24 h before the antigen and also when single doses were as high as 200 μg/kg and as low as 2 μg/kg. Exposure to four doses of lysozyme dimer at 24 h intervals was more activating than a single injection. A strong potentiating effect on the specific response to SRBC was noted after four injections of lysozyme dimer at doses from 0.2 to 20 μg/kg. The effect of the drug did not depend on the time of exposure to the antigen. It has also been found that lysozyme dimer significantly reduces the suppressive effect of a high cyclophosphamide dose (200 mg/kg) on the humoral response of SRBC‐immunized mice. The protective action of lysozyme dimer was dose‐ and time‐dependent. The strongest protection was observed after three doses of 20 μg/kg administered prior to pharmacological immunosuppression. Reduction in the dose to 2 μg/kg and shorter treatment resulted in reduced protective effects. We have also found that the protective action of three doses of lysozyme dimer (2 or 20 μg/kg each) administered between cyclophosphamide injection and the antigen, or after antigen administration is weaker than such a treatment prior to cyclophosphamide immunosuppression.
Efficacy of a BovineStaphylococcus aureusVaccine using Interleukin‐2 as an Adjuvant
Authors: Derosa D. C. , Sordillo L. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a vaccination protocol using recombinant bovine interleukin‐2 (rBoIL‐2) as an adjuvant with aStaphylococcus aureusvaccine. Holstein dairy cows were immunized with aS. aureusvaccine in conjunction with either saline solution (n = 3), Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA; n = 3) or rBoIL‐2 (n = 3). Whey and serum were analysed for antibody titer to specificS. aureusantigens. Isolated blood mononuclear cells (BMC) were examined for their ability to proliferate and to produce interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and interferon (IFN) after either mitogenic or antigenic stimulationin vitro.Efficacy of the vaccination protocols was assessed by challenging experimental animals intramammarily with 100 colony forming units ofS. aureus.Regardless of treatment, all cows exhibited similar serum antibody titers toS. aureuspseudocapsule. Cows treated with saline exhibited a significant increase in serum α‐toxin antibody titer when compared to levels observed in FIA and rBoIL‐2‐treated cows. However, cows receiving rBoIL‐2 treatment exhibited significantly higher lacteal pseudocapsule antibody titer compared to the other adjuvant groups. Administration of rBoIL‐2 did not enhance BMC proliferative responses to the mitogens concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) when compared to FIA or saline treated cows. Although cows receiving rBoIL‐2 treatment exhibited enhanced cytokine production upon antigenic stimulation, efficacy of the vaccination protocol was inferior compared to the protection offered by saline treatment.
Isolation and Identification of Salmonella Species from Chelonians Using Combined Selective Media, Serotyping and Ribotyping
Authors: Kodjo A. , Villard L. , Prave M. , Ray S. , Grezel D. , Lacheretz A. , Bonneau M. , Richard Y. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThirty‐two faecal samples from various pet chelonians were bacteriologically examined using various combinations of selective media for Salmonella detection. Strains identified as Salmonella were clustered by rRNA gene restriction pattern (ribotyping) analysis prior to serological typing. The combination of selenite broth and Rambach or Salmonella‐Shigella agars gave the maximum rate of Salmonella recovery. Of the 32 samples examined, 13 (40%), were positive for Salmonella. Five serovars were identified, Muenchen, Rubislaw, Newport, Ferruch and a non‐motile O:4,5,12, with Salmonella Muenchen the most common. This result indicates that biochemical characterization combined with ribotyping prior to serotyping can contribute to Salmonella detection on a large scale.
Bilateral Encephalomalacia in a Pig Related to Latent Aujeszky's Disease Virus Infection
Authors: Balasch M. , Pujols J. , Segales J. , Pumarola M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA case of bilateral encephalomalacia in a pig related to latent Aujeszky's disease virus infection is reported. The pig was experimentally inoculated with the NIA‐3 strain and survived the infection after showing intense central nervous system disease. Abnormal behaviour was observed up to the date of death. The pig was demonstrated to be latently infected with the virus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The main microscopic lesion was a bilateral encephalomalacia which involved structures related to the limbic system. A complete description of lesions observed and their relation to abnormalities shown by the pig are exposed.
Signs of Infections and Reduced Immune Functions at Weaning of Conventionally Reared and Specific Pathogen Free Pigs
Authors: Wattrang E. , Wallgren P. , Lindberg Å. , Fossum C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe growth rate and several immune parameters were recorded to monitor the performance, health and immune status of 40 piglets in a conventional farrow to finish herd. In addition, effects of weaning on immune parameters were studied under minimal influence of infections in 20 specific pathogen free (SPF) pigs. The growth rate of the conventionally reared pigs decreased after weaning and after allocation of pigs to new premises. Around weaning a considerable number of pigs displayed interferon‐α (IFN‐α) in serum, indicating the spread of viral infections. Bacterial infections were indicated by elevated numbers of circulating neutrophilic granulocytes during the weaning period. Functional in vitro tests of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) revealed that the Concanavalin A (Con A) induced proliferation decreased both after weaning and after transfer of the conventionally reared pigs to the finishing unit. The decreased proliferation observed after weaning was accompanied by decreased interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) production in response to the mitogen. A reduced IL‐2 producing capacity after weaning was confirmed with PBMC obtained from the SPF pigs. Flow cytometric analyses of these cells showed that the proportion of PBMC expressing IL‐2 receptors (IL‐2R+) was decreased 3 and 6 days after weaning when cultured in the absence of mitogen while the proportion of IL‐2R+ cells was unaltered in Con A stimulated cultures. Thus indications of reduced immune function coincided in time with signs of infections, especially around weaning.
Selective Loss of BoLA Class I Determinants from the Lymphocyte Surface after Acid Treatment
Authors: Horín P. , Cermák P. , Vojtíšek P. , Vinkler I. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAcid treatment of bovine lymphocytes by a buffered solution of 0.263 m citric acid and 0.123 M Na2HPO4 at pH = 3.0, originally described for human and murine lymphocytes, selectively eliminated the antigenicity of MHC (BoLA) class I determinants also from bovine lymphocytes. The viability of acid‐treated cell suspension was higher than 90%. The reactivity of acid‐treated lymphocytes with BoLA class I typing alloantisera was lost in microcytotoxicity test, while their reactions with cross‐reactive anti‐HLA class II, anti‐BoCD2 and BoCD5 monoclonal antibodies, and with antisera detecting two non‐MHC lymphocyte alloantigenic specificities (BoLY w1 and R') remained unchanged in the microcytotoxicity and/or indirect immunofluorescence tests. The results thus show that this approach of modulating cell surface expression of MHC class I determinants may be used in cattle.
Histopathological and Ultrastructural Observations of Ovine Mammary Glands Experimentally Inoculated with Coagulase‐Negative Staphylococci
Authors: Burriel A. R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe mammary glands of 21 primiparous Mule ewes were infected experimentally with one or other of seven isolates of coagulase‐negative staphylococci belonging to one of four different species. All isolates caused inflammation that contributed to histopathological and ultrastructural changes. Histopathological changes varied from various degrees of neutrophilic inflammation at the early stages of infection to extensive mononuclear cell infiltration and development of fibrotic tissue at the late stages. The severity and extent of the lesions varied between isolates. At late stages of infection mononuclear cells were involved in active phagocytosis more often than neutrophils. Phagocytosed cocci within mononuclear cells were observed in the interstitium. These cells could become reservoirs of staphylococci that may prolong the inflammatory response.
Studies of Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 Experimental Infection in Pigs
Authors: Najdenski H. , Nikolova S. , Vesselinova A. , Neikov P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryY. enterocolitica (serotype 0:3, pYV+, biotype 4) infection of 20‐day‐old pigs challenged per os with a total dose of 5 times 1010 CFU was studied. Clinical, paraclinical and morphological findings were examined in dynamics from 1st to 25th days post infection (p.i.).Augmentation of body temperature and erythrocyte sedimentation rate during the first days p.i. were established. The number of leucocytes, peritoneal (pMa) and alveolar (aMa) macrophages was increased significantly from 4th to 15th days p.i. Phagocytic activity of pMa and aMa examined in vitro was maximal on days 15 and 25 p.i. The enhanced phagocytic activity of macrophages was in correlation with the observed histological changes—purulent meningoencephalitis, necrotic tonsillitis, peribronchial lymphoid‐leucocytic cell infiltration and catarrhal enteritis.Extensive colonization of internal organs was detected at necropsy till the end of trial.Analysis of the results shows that this orally caused infection runs slowly with dissemination and persistency of Y. enterocolitica 0:3 in the macroorganism, like a generalized infection.
Infectious Bovine Mastitis Caused by Environmental Organisms
Authors: Costa E. O. , Ribeiro A. R. , Watanabe E. T. , Melville P. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of environmental mastitis in dairy herds and identify the main environmental pathogens, and to evaluate the influence of season, housing and management. A total of 20 310 quarters of 5216 animals from 52 dairy herds in 32 counties was examined. Milk samples were aseptically collected for laboratory examination from mammary glands testing positive to any of the field tests. From these, 736 environmental infections were identified. The most frequently isolated environmental pathogens were algae of the genusProtothecasp. (41.2%),Streptococcus uberis(21.1%), fungi (19.5%), enterobacteriacea (8.3%) andNocardiasp. (6.6%). The occurrence of mastitis was not influenced by the herd size, use of dry cow therapy, or post milking teat dipping. A tendency for increased occurrence of environmental mastitis during the months of September to February (hot and wet weather) was observed, suggesting a seasonal influence.
Cytological, Immunocytochemical and Biochemical Cerebrospinal Fluid Investigations in Selected Central Nervous System Disorders of Dogs
Authors: Abate O. , Bollo E. , Lotti D. , Bo S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from 20 clinically healthy dogs and from 15 dogs affected by neurological disorders were examined for total and differential cell counts, immunocytochemistry for canine distemper virus antigen, total protein concentration and electrophoretic separation, and glucose and enzyme determination. Dogs affected by canine distemper showed an increase in macrophages, presence of specific inclusion bodies, and an increase in total protein concentration and gamma‐globulin fraction. In bacterial meningoencephalomyelitis pleocytosis, increase of total proteins with special regard to high molecular weight proteins, elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alterations of LDH isoenzyme profile, and decrease in glucose levels were detected; inflammatory disorders were more often characterized by an increase in LDH level, while in non‐inflammatory disorders (hydrocephalus and spinal cord neoplasia) no variation in LDH levels was detected. Analysis of CSF in dogs appears relatively easy to perform and may help in establishing the condition of the blood‐brain barrier as well as in the diagnosis of neurological disorders.
Identification and Characterization of Arcobacter Isolates from Broilers by Biochemical Tests, Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Plasmid Analysis
Authors: Harraß B. , Schwarz S. , Wenzel S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 89 Arcobacter butzleri isolates obtained from freshly slaughtered broilers was investigated for their biochemical capacities by using the API CAMPY® system as well as additional growth and tolerance tests, for their antimicrobial resistance patterns and their plasmid content. Among these techniques, biochemical profiling and antimicrobial resistance testing proved to be the most discriminatory methods as confirmed by the calculation of discriminatory indices. These two methods might represent valuable tools for epidemiological analyses of A. butzleri isolates. Small plasmids of up to 5 kbp were detectable in only 21 of the 89 isolates while the remaining 68 A. butzleri isolates were plasmid‐free.
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Potency Testing of Vaccines Containing Clostridium perfringens Type D Epsilon‐Toxoid
Authors: Pfahler W. , Bisesti E. , Pereyra J. B. , Iribarren F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFor ethical, economic and technical reasons in vivo assays need to be replaced in routine laboratory procedures. Based on a method which is already accepted by the British authorities, an indirect ELISA has been developed and evaluated for Clostridium perfringens type D‐containing vaccines. Individual and pooled sera of vaccinated rabbits were tested at a single dilution level, the results transferred into IU/ml, and compared with the conventional toxin neutralization test in mice. The ELISA was found to give reproducible estimates of antitoxin levels and showed good correlation with the conventional in vivo test in mice.
Factors Influencing Adherence ofStreptococcus dysgalactiaeto Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cell Monolayers
Authors: Calvinho L. F. , Oliver S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFactors that affected adherence ofStreptococcus dysgalactiaeto monolayers of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells and to a bovine mammary epithelial transformed cell line were evaluated. Cell culture medium inhibited more than 99% of binding ofS. dysgalactiaeto plastic and was as effective as several blocking agents in decreasing adventitious adherence of this organism to plastic. Adherence of two strains ofS. dysgalactiae(UT516 and UT519) was higher to a transformed mammary epithelial cell line (2.85% and 0.83%, respectively) than to primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (0.45% and 0.52%, respectively). Measurement of the extent of bacterial adherence to cell monolayers showed that adherence was affected by inoculum size. This indicated that the process was mediated by saturable cell receptors and allowed selection of bacteria:epithelial cell ratios not approaching saturating conditions (< 1500:1). In addition, reduction of bacterial adherence by more than 90% following cell fixation indicated that cell surface proteins played a major role in this process. Delineation of bacterial and epithelial cell factors influencing adherence ofS. dysgalactiaeto mammary epithelial cell monolayers resulted in the development of anin vitromethod for quantifying bacterial adherence to cell monolayers.
Fumonisin B1 Contamination of Maize and Experimental Acute Fumonisin Toxicosis in Pigs
Authors: Fazekas B. , Bajmócy E. , Glávits R. , Fenyvesi A. , Tanyi J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe fumonisin B1 content of 69 visibly mouldy and 23 mould‐free maize samples grown in Hungary in 1993–1995 was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fumonisin B1 was found to occur in 70–73 % of the mouldy samples. The mycotoxin level increased from year to year: the highest fumonisin B1 concentration was 75.1 mg/kg. The samples that were mould‐free on visual inspection showed a much lower prevalence of fumonisin B1 contamination (30 %) and contained fumonisin B1 in markedly lower concentrations (average, 1.52 mg/kg; maximum concentration, 5.1 mg/kg). Using the Fusarium moniliforme strain designated 14/A, isolated from the sample that had the highest mycotoxin concentrations, fumonisin B1 toxin was produced on maize by an internationally accepted procedure. Subsequently, two weaned piglets were fed a diet containing 330 mg fumonisin B1 per kg of feed. The experimental animals developed hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema, and died in 5–6 days. The clinical symptoms and pathological lesions were consistent with those of porcine pulmonary oedema (PPE) diagnosed in the USA in 1989–1990, as well as with those of a disease entity that had already been described in Hungary in the 1950s as the so‐called fattening or unique pulmonary oedema of pigs but considered to be of unknown aetiology. The results of the feeding trial confirm that this pig disease, which has occurred in Hungary for a long time, is caused by the mycotoxin fumonisin B1.
Serologic Diagnosis of Ovine Lentiviruses by Whole Virus ELISA and AGID Test
Authors: Celer V. , Celer V. , Němcová H. , Zanoni R. G. , Peterhans E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEnzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) are the most widely used serological tests for Maedi—Visna diagnostics. The purpose of the present study was to develop an indirect whole virus ELISA and an immunodiffusion test and compare their sensitivity. A total of 747 ovine serum specimens were analysed for antibodies against this ovine lentivirus. The number of positive results in the ELISA was 430 (57.56%). In the AGID test, a positive result was found in 380 samples (50.87%). In the group of discordant results 78 (10.4%) samples tested positive by the ELISA and negative by the AGID test and 28 sera (3.7%) were found to be positive by the AGID test and negative by the ELISA. The data in this report show the ELISA to be more sensitive than the AGID test, but accurate serological diagnostics should be based on a combination of the two tests.
Epidemiological Aspects of Dermatophyte Infections in Horses and Cattle
Authors: Moretti A. , Boncio L. , Pasquali P. , Fioretti D. Piergili 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRingworm infections in the principal domestic animals are a major public and veterinary health problem. The aetiology, epidemiology and symptomatology of these mycoses are quite heterogeneous and complex. In this context, the AA carried out an epidemiological study to investigate the prevalence of dermatophytes in two different animal species, horses (n = 200) belonging to 10 private stables and cattle (n = 1900) belonging to farms with different breeding purposes and management. With regard to horses the results showed a positive level of 9% and Trichophyton equinum was the major organism isolated. The results concerning the cattle showed positive values that varied both in relation to the type of animals and their management as well as to the productive objectives: 19% in intensive beef breeding, 4.5% in intensive dairy farms (the aetiologic agent isolated in both types of farms was Trichophyton verrucosum) and 8% in traditional‐type farms (the species of fungi isolated were T. verrucosum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes). The results are discussed both in clinical and in hygiene and management terms.