bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural problems in children and parenting stress associated with primary nocturnal enuresis in Hong Kong
Authors: Chang SSY , Ng CFN , Wong SN ,   Hong Kong Childhood Enuresis Study Group
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the behavioural problems and parenting stress of enuretic children in the local Chinese community. The study recruited 89 children with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) from the paediatric clinics of 9 regional hospitals in Hong Kong, and 131 age‐ and gender‐matched control children without PNE from the Student Health Centres. After adequate instruction, the parents completed the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and Parenting Stress Index (PSI). A trained interviewer interviewed the parents and children and rated the children on the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). The PNE group had worse overall scores in both the Problem and Competence scales of CBCL; in particular, they had more attention problems and aggressive behaviours, and lower social competence and school performance than the control group. Their parents demonstrated more parenting stress as shown by higher PSI scores. Conclusion: In the local Chinese population, PNE was associated with more childhood behavioural problems and greater parenting stress. Attention to the psychosocial functioning of the child and parents may be important in the management of enuresis.
Hypoglycaemia and elevated urine ethylmalonic acid in a child homozygous for the short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase 625G > A gene variation
Authors: Birkebæk NH , Simonsen H , Gregersen N 
Published: August 2010

The aim of this case report is to call attention to short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency as a possible contributory factor to hypoglycaemia in childhood. We report on a previously healthy 14 mo‐old Danish boy who presented with hypoglycaemia and metabolic acidosis after a few days of upper airway infection. After two days on a normal diet, he recovered clinically and biochemically. A thorough biochemical examination did not reveal the cause of the hypoglycaemia. However, the excretion of ethylmalonic acid in two morning urine samples was moderately increased, and hence the SCAD gene was screened for mutations. We found the child homozygous for the G > A SCAD gene variation at position 625. Conclusion: In this patient, reduced function of the SCAD protein is reflected in the excretion of ethylmalonic acid, a marker of intracellular accumulation of butyryl‐CoA and the cytotoxic butyric acid. Furthermore, gluconeogenesis might be compromised owing to lack of reducing equivalents from the oxidation of short‐chain fatty acids in the fasting or stressed state, thus contributing to the predisposition for fasting hypoglycaemia.
Structure–function relationships in α‐galactosidase A
Authors: Garman Scott C 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWith recent interest in the molecular mechanisms responsible for Fabry disease, the number of known mutations in the GLA gene which encodes α‐galactosidase A has expanded considerably. Combining a large database of Fabry disease‐causing mutations with the recently determined crystal structure of human α‐galactosidase A allows for a new understanding of the atomic defects in the protein responsible for Fabry disease. We have conducted a systematic survey of the known Fabry disease‐causing mutations and analyzed the mutations in the context of the α‐galactosidase A structure. We have applied quantitative methods for identifying the plausible effect of each mutation on the α‐galactosidase A protein. We present the analysis of 331 different defects in the GLA gene leading to non‐native proteins in patients with Fabry disease. These mutations include 278 missense mutations, 49 nonsense mutations, and four single amino acid deletions.Conclusion: Over half of the residues in the protein have been found to have changes in patients with Fabry disease. Most of these genetic mutations lead to disruption of the hydrophobic core of the protein, thus Fabry disease is primarily a disease of protein‐folding. Further understanding of α‐galactosidase A, one of the best studied members of the lysosomal storage disease family, will lead to increased understanding of other lysosomal storage diseases and other protein‐folding diseases.
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate as an intracellular messenger and extracellular mediator in immunity
Authors: Goetzl Edward J , Wang Wengang , McGiffert Christine , Liao Jia‐Jun , Huang Mei‐Chuan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe omnific mediator system composed of sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) and its five G‐protein‐coupled receptors, designated S1P1–S1P5, affects diverse cellular functions in the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular and immune systems. The many activities of the S1P–S1P1 axis, which predominates in the cardiovascular and immune systems, have previously been classified according to their relationship with the distinct functional roles of each type of cell or according to their most frequently used signalling pathways. In the immune system, cell surface S1P1 receptors transduce the rapid, transient effects of extracellular S1P on T‐ and B‐lymphocyte trafficking in the lymphoid system, lymphocyte migration in non‐immune tissues and cytokine generation. After immune stimulation of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes, S1P1 receptors translocate from the cell surface to endosomal and nuclear compartments. The present hypothesis is that nuclear S1P1 receptors represent distinct signalling complexes that, through a series of transcriptional events, transduce the sustained effects of intracellular S1P on survival and proliferation of T‐lymphocytes. It is postulated that similar types of sustained signalling from nuclear S1P receptors in other types of cells affect proliferation, survival and specific effector functional activities. Effective pharmacological approaches to intracellular, as well as cell surface, S1P–S1P receptor axes will thus require the bioaccessibility of agonists and antagonists to the nuclear domain of relevant target cells.Conclusion: Most investigations of the effects of the S1P–S1P1 axis in immunity have focused primarily on rapid, transient alterations in lymphocyte migration and trafficking, and on mast cell migration and secretion of chemical mediators. The discovery of functional S1P1–G protein signalling complexes in the nuclear membranes of activated lymphocytes, that are coupled to the transduction of prolonged inhibition of proliferative responses by intracellular S1P, adds a new dimension to the role of the S1P–S1P1 axis in immunity. Recruitment of this novel, potentially immunosuppressive, function of S1P1 may be beneficial in some autoimmune diseases and will require application of cell membrane‐permeant S1P1‐specific drugs.
How do parents of 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children perceive the weight of their children?
Authors: Oude Luttikhuis HGM , Stolk RP , Sauer PJJ 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  A heavier weight in adults is becoming the norm rather than an abnormal weight. Whether the same trend is happening in children is unknown.Objective:  To assess the perception of the weight of 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children and the recognition of overweight by both parents.Design:  Population‐based survey.Participants:  A questionnaire was sent to parents of 1155 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children.Results:  In total, 439 questionnaires (35%) were returned. Of all, 90% of the children had a normal weight, 9.3% were overweight and 4.1% were obese. For all weight classes, the parents depicted the child as lighter on both the verbal and visual scale. Of all, 75% of mothers of overweight children stated that the child had a normal weight. In obese children, 50% of the mothers believed that the child had a normal weight.Conclusion:  Children with a weight in the normal range were considered by their parents as a little too light or too light. Overweight was considered as normal weight, and obesity as normal or a little too heavy. The perception of a normal weight in children at 4–5 years is distorted.
Continuation of linear growth failure and its association with cognitive ability are not dependent on initial length‐for‐age: a longitudinal study from 6 months to 11 years of age
Authors: Cheung YB , Ashorn P 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  To examine linear growth and its association with cognitive ability at age 11 years among full‐term singletons with varying degree of stunting or without stunting at age 6 months.Methods:  A total of 1516 Filipino term‐born singletons were followed bimonthly from age 6 to 24 months and took cognitive and academic achievement tests at 11 years. The tests were factor‐analysed to give a summary cognitive ability score. Linear regression was used to examine associations and adjust for covariates.Results:  Mean height‐for‐age Z‐score (HAZ) was −1.0 at age 6 months and −2.4 at 24 months. HAZ at 6 months, change in HAZ from 6 to 24 months and change in HAZ from 24 months to 11 years were positively associated with cognitive ability at 11 years (each p < 0.001). The association was seen in all categories of HAZ at 6 months.Conclusion:  In this setting where linear growth retardation was common, association between linear growth after age 6 months and cognitive ability in adolescence was not dependent on initial HAZ. Prevention of growth stunting may benefit all children regardless of their initial HAZ.
Influenza B‐associated rhabdomyolysis in Taiwanese children
Authors: Wu C‐T , Hsia S‐H , Huang J‐L 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:  Influenza B‐associated rhabdomyolysis (IBAR) is an infrequent and little‐known complication of influenza B virus infection in children. Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical history, the presence of influenza in the community and detection of virus in nasopharyngeal specimens. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory manifestations, complications and outcomes of IBAR in Taiwanese children.Methods:  A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients aged <17 years who had been diagnosed with IBAR at a university children’s hospital in North Taiwan during 2000–2007. All children enrolled in the study had presented with rhabdomyolysis associated with laboratory‐confirmed influenza B infections. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, complications and outcomes were included in the analysis.Results:  Overall, 24 IBAR cases were analysed. IBAR typically occurred in school‐aged children with a 7:3 male:female ratio. The mean age was 7.2 ± 1.9 years. Nearly 63% of cases occurred between the ages of 6 and 9 years. The median interval between the onset of influenza and onset of IBAR was 3.4 days (range, 1–14). The calf muscles were involved in all cases. Laboratory tests indicated a mean initial blood creatine kinase of 4212 U/L. The median time to clinical recovery was 5 days (range 1–24). No patient had renal failure. IBAR tends to occur mainly in winter and spring during influenza B outbreaks. IBAR sometimes induces some complications, and early detection and careful medical treatment are necessary.Conclusion:  The results of this study indicate that outcomes of IBAR are good with proper medical care.
Randomized controlled trial of early skin‐to‐skin contact: effects on the mother and the newborn
Authors: Marín Gabriel MA , Llana Martín I , López Escobar A , Fernández Villalba E , Romero Blanco I , Touza Pol P 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:  To estimate the influence of skin‐to‐skin care on the thermal regulation of the infant and the rate of breastfeeding at different points of time. We also aim to establish whether skin‐to‐skin contact reduces maternal pain during episiotomy repair and decreases the time to expel the placenta.Methods:  A randomized control study was performed with 137 patients in each branch of the study. Differences between the study groups were analysed with the unpaired t‐test, Fisher test or chi‐square test as appropriate.Results:  Greater thermal stability in the skin‐to‐skin care group was found where an average temperature rise of 0.07°C was observed. Mothers in the skin‐to‐skin care group exclusively breastfed more frequently at discharge. Mean time to expel the placenta was lesser in the skin‐to‐skin care group.Conclusion:  This study shows that skin‐to‐skin care implies better thermal regulation and a better proportion of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge.
Australia's use of the Cornell scale to screen for depression in nursing homes
Authors: Snowdon John , Rosengren Damien , Daniel Fariba , Suyasa Margot 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  To examine the utility of the Cornell scale for depression in dementia (CSDD), following its introduction as a routine measure in nursing homes.Methods:  The CSDD is administered in Australian nursing homes as section 10 of the Aged Care Funding Instrument. CSDD, cognitive and behavioural ratings, and medication use, recorded in three Sydney nursing homes in 2008–2009 were reviewed. Staff discussed what actions were taken if CSDD scores indicated depression.Results:  Of 223 residents, 23% scored >12 on the CSDD, indicating probable depression. Another 21% were possibly depressed and 29% not depressed. The CSDD had not been completed for 27%, commonly because preliminary screening indicated no depression, but sometimes because severe cognitive impairment made various CSDD items impossible to rate. Second CSDD assessments had usually not been made.Conclusion:  Nursing homes need to document policies that will ensure best use is made of CSDD findings.
Localization of the X-ray source in the globular cluster G1 with Chandra
Authors: Kong A. K. H. , Heinke C. O. , Di Stefano R. , Cohn H. N. , Lugger P. M. , Barmby P. , Lewin W. H. G. , Primini F. A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We report the most accurate X-ray position of the X-ray source in the giant globular cluster G1 in M31 by using the Chandra X-ray Observatory, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). G1 is clearly detected with Chandra and by cross-registering with HST and CFHT images, we derive a 1σ error radius of 0.15 arcsec, significantly smaller than the previous measurement by XMM–Newton. We conclude that the X-ray emission of G1 is likely to come from within the core radius of the cluster. We have considered a number of possibilities for the origin of the X-ray emission but can rule all but two scenarios out: it could be due to either accretion on to a central intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) or an ordinary low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB). Based on the X-ray luminosity and the Bondi accretion rate, an IMBH accreting from the cluster gas seems unlikely and we suggest that the X-rays are due to accretion from a companion. Alternatively, the probability that a 1.5 M⊙ cluster LMXB lies within the 95 per cent X-ray error circle is about 0.7. Therefore we cannot rule out a single LMXB as the origin of the X-ray emission. While we cannot distinguish between different models with current observations, future high-resolution and high-sensitivity radio imaging observations will reveal whether there is an IMBH at the centre of G1.
Constraining the thermal dust content of Lyman break galaxies in an overdense field at z ≈ 5
Authors: Stanway Elizabeth R. , Bremer Malcolm N. , Davies Luke J. M. , Lehnert Matthew D. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We have carried out 870-μm observations in the J1040.7−1155 field, known to host an overdensity of Lyman break galaxies at z = 5.16 ± 0.05. We do not detect any individual source at the S870 μm = 3.0 mJy beam−1 (2σ) level. A stack of nine spectroscopically confirmed z &gt; 5 galaxies also yields a non-detection, constraining the submillimetre flux from a typical galaxy at this redshift to S870 μm &lt; 0.85 mJy, which corresponds to a mass limit Mdust &lt; 1.2 × 108 M⊙ (2σ). This limits the mass of thermal dust in distant Lyman break galaxies to less than one-tenth of their typical stellar mass. We see no evidence for strong submillimetre galaxies associated with the ultraviolet-selected galaxy overdensity, but cannot rule out the presence of fainter, less massive sources.
Management of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cote Lise Gourdeau 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo r eview the classification, epidemiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and medical management of osteoarthritis.Data SourcesSelected studies, review articles, rheumatology primers, and clinical practice guidelines.ConclusionsOsteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and the second most common cause of long‐term disability among adults in the United States. It is a heterogeneous condition causing pathogenic changes that are presum‐ably irreversible; it should not be considered part of “normal aging.”Implications for PracticeMedical management of OA includes various treatment modalities and should be based on the distribution and severity of joint involve‐ment, as well as the presence of comorbid con‐ditions. Treatment goals include decreasing stress on involved joints, limiting physical dis‐ability, maintaining or improving function, reducing pain, and avoiding drug toxicity.
Nurse Practitioner Patient Centered Telephone Calls in a VA Primary Care Geriatric Clinic
Authors: Townsend Carol H. , Maxwell Wanda , Sears Lan T. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo present original research of a retrospective study of telephone calls by nurse practitioners (NP) to geriatric primary care patients over the period of one year in a Veteran's Administration primary care clinic in the southeast.Data SourcesA convenience sample of the electronic patient progress notes labeled “telephone call” of three full time NPs was collected from May 1, 1998 through April 31, 1999. A total of 1,541 unique telephone calls made by NPs to patients were examined.ConclusionsPatient telephone calls consume work time, which is often hidden and uncounted when examining time spent with patients. Most calls (62%) were generated by others; the remainder (38%) were initiated by the NPs. The greatest number (42%) of requests related to medication refills.Implications for PracticeMany patients requested to talk to the NP for non‐clinical issues; many of the requests could have been handled by other staff. It is as if the patient no longer has the traditional call bell to call the nurse but now has the telephone to call the NP. The personal aspect of the phone call may be what is needed by some of the patients looking for a form of human contact.AcknowledgementThe authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. N. Hoffman, MD, and C. Osborn, MSN, GNP, CS, in the preparation of this manuscript.
Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Twiss Janice J. , Waltman Nancy , Ott Carol D. , Gross Gloria J. , Lindsey Ada M. , Moore Timothy E. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeThe overall purpose of this longitudinal 18‐month study was to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The purpose of this article is to describe the baseline bone mineral density (BMD) findings for 30 postmenopausal women and to compare these BMD findings to time since menopause, body mass index, and tamoxifen use.Data SourcesBaseline data of BMD findings for 30 post‐menopausal women, who have had a variety of treatments including surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy and or tamoxifen, and are enrolled in the 18‐month longitudinal study. A demographic questionnaire and a three day dietary record were used to collect baseline data.ConclusionsEighty percent of the women with breast cancer history had abnormal BMDs at baseline (t‐scores below ‐1.00 SD). Thinner women showed a greater risk for accelerated trabecular bone loss at the spine and hip.Implications for PracticeThese findings suggest the need for early BMD assessments and for aggressive health promotion intervention strategies that include a multifaceted protocol of drug therapy for bone remodeling, 1500 mg of daily calcium, 400 IU vitamin D and a strength weight training program that is implemented immediately following chemotherapy treatment and menopause in this high risk population of women.
A Comparison of Perspectives on Breastfeeding Between Two Generations of Black American Women
Authors: Fooladi Marjaneh M. 
Published: August 2010

PURPOSETo determine differences in breastfeeding perspectives between two generations of black American women with and without access to governmental food assistance programs (i.e., WIC).DATA SOURCESDescriptive, comparative study of a convenience sample of 118 black American women in their childbearing years and beyond conducted in a primary rural health care clinic serving an indigent population.CONCLUSIONSA significant difference was found between breastfeeding perceptions and rate among younger black American women on WIC program and their mothers without access to these programs. The availability of free formula through WIC programs has partially influ‐enced the rate of breastfeeding among the young black American women. The other sig‐nificant influencing factor was public embarrassment at breastfeeding.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICEAn extensive educational campaign is needed in order to influence the public's perceptions of breastfeeding as an embarrassment. The success of programs such as WIC must be measured beyond the first six months of an infant's life.
House Calls: Is There an APN in the House?
Authors: Restrepo Adriana , Davitt Christina , Thompson Sara 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo report how a group of geriatric advanced practice nurses (APNs) participated in a house calls program that increased access to care for homebound and frail community‐dwelling elders.Data SourcesSelected literature and author experiences, illustrated with clinical examples.ConclusionsMany frail older adults are unable to access healthcare due to functional impairments related to multiple, chronic medical conditions. Many of these adults inappropriately utilize the emergency department for episodic care.Implications for PracticeThe model of care maximizes utilization of APNs to provide cost effective, culturally sensitive, quality care. The goal of geriatric assessment and primary care in this practice is to add quality to later years of life, promoting dignity and comfort to older adults and their families.
Vertical force and torque analysis during mechanical preparation of extracted teeth using hand ProTaper instruments
Authors: Glavičić Snježana , Anić Ivica , Braut Alen , Miletić Ivana , Borčić Josipa 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe purpose was to measure and analyse the vertical force and torque developed in the wider and narrower root canals during hand ProTaper instrumentation. Twenty human incisors were divided in two groups. Upper incisors were experimental model for the wide, while the lower incisors for the narrow root canals. Measurements of the force and torque were done by a device constructed for this purpose. Differences between the groups were statistically analysed by Mann–Whitney U‐test with the significance level set to P < 0.05. Vertical force in the upper incisors ranged 0.25–2.58 N, while in the lower incisors 0.38–6.94 N. Measured torque in the upper incisors ranged 0.53–12.03 Nmm, while in the lower incisor ranged 0.94–10.0 Nmm. Vertical force and torque were higher in the root canals of smaller diameter. The increase in the contact surface results in increase of the vertical force and torque as well in both narrower and wider root canals.