bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediating between international knowledge and local knowledge: The critical role of local field officers in an HIV prevention intervention
Authors: Aveling Emma‐Louise 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe outcomes of health interventions are co‐constructed through negotiation between the competing knowledges of different stakeholders. In such a context, local implementing partners – who mediate between international donors/programme managers and local beneficiary communities – have a critical ‘knowledge brokering’ role to play. With appropriate support, they can facilitate integration of internationally established knowledge with local beliefs and practices in ways that support health‐enhancing behaviour change. This paper focuses on the local field officers of an HIV prevention programme with Cambodian military couples. The paper asks: (1) what are the outcomes of knowledge encounters between international organizations and local field officers, as expressed in field officers' interpretation of programme goals, strategies and messages? (2) To what extent does the intervention context support the field officers' knowledge brokering efforts? Data collected includes semi‐structured interviews, observations of programme meetings and activities, and textual materials. The findings demonstrate that field officers privilege international knowledge, particularly in interactions with international manager–partners. However, in the field, they both hybridize programme messages and struggle to resolve dilemmas provoked by conflicting international and local knowledges. Material and symbolic asymmetries within the intervention context are shown to undermine their knowledge brokering efforts, as field officers attempt to claim identities and futures as health development professionals. Implications for programme practices and accountability systems are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytoprotective effects of catechin 7‐O‐β‐Dglucopyranoside against mitochondrial dysfunction damaged by streptozotocin in RINm5F cells
Authors: Kim Ki Cheon , Kim Jin Sook , Ah Kang Kyoung , Kim Jong Min , Won Hyun Jin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe protective effects of catechin 7‐O‐β‐Dglucopyranoside (C7G) against streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced mitochondrial damage in rat pancreatic β‐cells (RINm5F) were investigated. A marked increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in STZ‐treated cells; this increase was restricted by C7G treatment. C7G also scavenged superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase (xanthine/XO) and the Fenton reaction (FeSO4 + H2O2), respectively. C7G restored activity and expression of both mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT), which were suppressed by STZ treatment. In addition, C7G prevented STZ‐induced mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and DNA base modification. C7G restored the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) that was disrupted by STZ treatment, and prevented cell death via inhibition of apoptosis. These results suggest that C7G has a protective effect against STZ‐induced cell damage by its antioxidant effects and the attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of osteoblast biocompatibility on titanium surface with Terrein treatment
Authors: Lee Young‐Hee , Lee Nan‐Hee , Bhattarai Govinda , Oh Young‐Taek , Yu Mi‐Kyung , Yoo Ick‐Dong , Jhee Eun‐Chung , Yi Ho‐Keun 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTitanium is biocompatible with bodily tissues. However, the formation of ROS on the titanium surfaces might have negative response of the activity of the surroundings cells. Terrein was isolated from Penicullium sp. 20135 and found to reduce the effects of LPS‐induced inflammation. This study examined the role of Terrein on the biocompatibility of titanium to determine if it can help improve osseointegration. MC‐3T3 E1 cells were grown on titanium surfaces. The biocompatibility of Terrein was examined by adding it directly to the culture media at the indicated concentration. The cells on the titanium surface produced excessive ROS and decreased the activity of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD. Moreover, the cells had higher activity towards oxidative stress molecules, such as MAPK, FAK and iNOS expression. In addition, MC‐3T3 E1 osteoblast‐like cells promoted osteoclast differentiation but reduced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization on the titanium surface. Interestingly, the cells given the Terrein treatment showed higher resistance towards oxidative stress through the up‐regulation of ERK1/2 and FAK activity but the down‐regulation of SAPK/JNK and iNOS activity. Moreover, Terrein promoted osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization to elevate the activity of ALP, SPARC and down‐regulate RANKL expression after blocking NF‐κB translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus. In conclusion, the presence of Terrein on titanium surfaces increases osteoblast cell growth without inflammation. Moreover, Terrein, as a putative antioxidant agent, may enhance osseointegration by decreasing the level of ROS and having a potentially synergistic effect on osteoblast differentiation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Interplay between Histone H3 Modifications and Protein Interpreters: Emerging Evidence for a “Histone Language”
Authors: Oliver Samuel S. , Denu John M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHistone proteins organize DNA into dynamic chromatin structures and regulate processes such as transcription, repair, and replication. Control of chromatin function and structure is mediated in part by reversible post‐translational modifications (PTMs) on histones. The most N‐terminal region of histone H3 contains a high density of modifiable residues. Here we focus on the dynamic interplay between histone modification states on the H3 N terminus and the binding modules that recognize these states. Specifically, we discuss the effect of auxiliary modifications to H3K4unmod/me3 binding modules (specifically H3R2 methylation, H3T3 phosphorylation, and H3T6 phosphorylation). Emerging evidence suggests that histone PTMs behave less like a strict “code”, but more like a “language”, which better illustrates the importance of context. Using androgen‐receptor‐mediated gene activation as an example, we propose a model of how the combinatorial natures of PTMs on the H3 N terminus and the complexes that recognize these epigenetic modifications control gene expression.
Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by a Bacterial Biofilm Supported on Zeolite: Optimisation of the Operational Conditions and Scale‐Up of the Bioreactor
Authors: Pazos M. , Branco M. , Neves I. C. , Sanromán M. A. , Tavares T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a bioreactor system and its scale‐up to remove Cr(VI) from solution. The bioreactor is based on an innovative process that combines bioreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by the bacterium Arthrobacter viscosus and Cr(III) sorption by a specific zeolite. Batch studies were conducted in a laboratory‐scale bioreactor, taking into account different operating conditions. Several variables, such as biomass concentration, pH and zeolite pre‐treatment, were evaluated to increase removal efficiency. The obtained results suggest that the Cr removal efficiency is improved when the initial biomass concentration is approximately 5 g L–1 and the pH in the system is maintained at an acidic level. Under the optimised conditions, approximately 100 % of the Cr(VI) was removed. The scale‐up of the developed biofilm process operating under the optimised conditions was satisfactorily tested in a 150‐L bioreactor.
Preparation of Zirconia Promoted Sulfated Titania System with High Catalytic Activity
Authors: Wu M. , Ni J. B. , Yang Z. H. , Li C. L. , Bu C. F. , Sun Y. M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSO42–/TiO2‐ZrO2 (STZ) solid superacid catalysts were prepared using the coprecipitation‐impregnation method and characterized by FT‐IR, XRD, NH3‐TPD, N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms, and SEM. It was observed that the sulfur content and the specific surface area of STZ changes with the ZrO2 content, and passes through a maximum at Zr/Ti = 1/4. The results indicate that the molar ratio of Zr/Ti and nonionic surfactant, PEG, were helpful for increasing the surface areas and stabilizing the sulfate species on the surfaces of the catalysts. The catalytic activity results were supported by the hydrolysis reaction rate of 2‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxane (2MD) that was strongly dependent on the sulfur content in the zirconia promoted sulfated titania catalyst.
High Hole Mobility for a Side‐Chain Liquid‐Crystalline Smectic Polysiloxane Exhibiting a Nanosegregated Structure with a Terthiophene Moiety
Authors: Matsui Aya , Funahashi Masahiro , Tsuji Toru , Kato Takashi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSide‐chain liquid‐crystalline siloxane polymers bearing terthiophene moieties as mesogenic pendant groups have been synthesized. An alkenylterthiophene derivative was treated with poly(hydrogenmethylsiloxane) and poly(dimethylsiloxane‐co‐hydrogenmethylsiloxane)s in Me2SiO/MeHSiO ratios of 1:1 and 7:3, respectively, in the presence of the Karstedt catalyst, to produce pale yellow polymers. The degrees of introduction of the mesogenic unit were 100, 50, and 30 %, respectively. The polymers exhibit ordered smectic phases at room temperature. The copolymers with dimethylsiloxane units form smectic phases as a consequence of nanosegregation between the mesogenic units and siloxane backbones with the alkylene spacers. Time‐of‐flight measurement reveals that the hole mobility exceeds 1×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 in the ordered smectic phase of the copolymer with a degree introduction of the mesogenic units of 50 %. This value is comparable to that of the highly ordered mesophases of low‐molecular‐weight derivatives of phenylnaphthalene and terthiophene. Because of the segregation behavior induced by the flexible backbone, a closer molecular packing structure favorable for fast carrier transport may be formed in the smectic phase of the copolymer in spite of the low density of the mesogenic groups.
Magnetic, Luminescent Eu‐Doped Mg–Al Layered Double Hydroxide and Its Intercalation for Ibuprofen
Authors: Wang Jun , Zhou Jideng , Li Zhanshuang , Song Yanchao , Liu Qi , Jiang Zhaohua , Zhang Milin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA magnetic, luminescent Eu‐doped Mg–Al layered double hydroxide with ibuprofen (IBU) intercalated in the gallery has been successfully prepared by a simple coprecipitation method. The physicochemical properties of the samples were well characterized by powder XRD, TEM, FTIR, TGA, inductively coupled plasma MS (ICP‐MS), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and fluorospectrophotometry. The results revealed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles are coated on the surface of layered double hydroxides and the obtained (Mg2Al0.95Eu0.05)Fe–(IBU) sample exhibits both superparamagnetic and luminescent properties, with a saturation magnetization value of 1.86 emu g−1 and a strong emission band at 610 nm, respectively. Additionally, it was found that the ibuprofen loading amount is about 31 % (w/w), and the intercalated ibuprofen possesses sustained release behavior when the magnetic, luminescent composite is immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF).
Generation and Reactions of Oxiranyllithiums by Use of a Flow Microreactor System
Authors: Nagaki Aiichiro , Takizawa Eiji , Yoshida Jun‐ichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA flow microreactor system consisting of micromixers and microtubes provides an effective reactor for the generation and reactions of aryloxiranyllithiums without decomposition by virtue of short residence time and efficient temperature control. The deprotonation of styrene oxides with sBuLi can be conducted by using the flow microreactor system at −78 or −68 °C (whereas much lower temperatures (<−100 °C) are needed for the same reactions conducted under macrobatch conditions). The resulting α‐aryloxiranyllithiums were allowed to react with electrophiles in the flow microreactor system at the same temperature. The sequential introduction of various electrophiles onto 2,3‐diphenyloxiranes was also achieved by using an integrated flow microreactor, which serves as a powerful system for the stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted epoxides.
Dynamic Octopus Amphiphiles as Powerful Activators of DNA Transporters: Differential Fragrance Sensing and Beyond
Authors: Montenegro Javier , Bonvin Pauline , Takeuchi Toshihide , Matile Stefan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report the design, synthesis and evaluation of dynamic “octopus” amphiphiles with emphasis on their efficiency as activators in synthetic membrane‐based sensing systems. Previously, we found that the in situ treatment of charged hydrazides with hydrophobic aldehydes or ketones gives amphiphilic counterion activators of polyion transporters in lipid bilayers, and that their efficiency increases with the number of their hydrophobic tails. Herein, we expand this series to amphiphiles with one cationic head (guanidinium or ammonium) and four exchangeable hydrophobic tails. These results, with the highest number of tails reported to date, confirm that dynamic octopus amphiphiles provide access to maximal activity and selectivity. Odorants, such as muscone, carvone, or anisaldehyde are used to outline their usefulness in differential sensing systems that operate based on counterion‐activated DNA transporters in fluorogenic vesicles. The enhanced ability of octopus amphiphiles to enable the discrimination of enantiomers as well as that of otherwise intractable ortho, meta, and para isomers and short cyclo‐/alkyl tails is demonstrated. These findings identify dynamic octopus amphiphiles as being promising for application to differential sensing, “fragrant” cellular uptake, and slow release.
Integrated Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Heavier Group 14 Hydrides
Authors: Lesbani Aldes , Kondo Hitoshi , Yabusaki Yusuke , Nakai Misaki , Yamanoi Yoshinori , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA convenient procedure has been developed for the preparation of Group 14 compounds by integrated palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aromatic iodides with the corresponding Group 14 hydrides in the presence of a base. The reaction conditions can be applied to the cross‐coupling of tertiary, secondary, and primary Group 14 compounds. In most cases, the desired arylated products were obtained in synthetically useful yields. Even in the case of aryl iodides containing OH, NH2, CN, or CO2R groups, the reactions proceeded with good to high yields with tolerance of these reactive functional groups. A possible application of this method is the unique synthesis of a fungicidal diarylmethyl(1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐ylmethyl)silane derivative.
A Highly Efficient and Extensively Reusable “Dip Catalyst” Based on a Silver‐Nanoparticle‐Embedded Polymer Thin Film
Authors: Hariprasad E. , Radhakrishnan T. P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAchieving a harmonious combination of the efficiency of homogeneous catalysts with the reusability of heterogeneous catalysts is a fundamental and challenging problem. Metal nanoparticles in a suitable matrix offer a potential solution. However an ideal design is yet to be realized, because the critical requirements of facile access to the catalyst, its durability, and ease of retrieval and reuse are difficult to reconcile. We report herein a multilayer free‐standing thin‐film catalyst based on silver nanoparticles, generated in situ inside poly(vinyl alcohol) by using a facile protocol, which shows excellent efficiency and extensive reusability in the prototypical reaction, the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol by sodium borohydride. The “dip catalyst” film, which can start/stop the reaction instantaneously by mere insertion/removal, is used 30 times leading to a total turnover number (TON) of ≈3390, which is unprecedented for this reaction. The efficiency of the catalyst is reduced only marginally at the end of these runs, promising further extended usage. The unique advantage of convenient catalyst monitoring is illustrated by the periodic spectroscopic and microscopic examinations of the thin film, which revealed the basis of its durability. The demonstrated potential of metal‐nanoparticle‐embedded polymer thin films, coupled with their versatility and ease of fabrication, promises extensive applications in chemical catalysis.
Rotaxanes Capable of Recognising Chloride in Aqueous Media
Authors: Hancock Laura M. , Gilday Lydia C. , Carvalho Sílvia , Costa Paulo J. , Félix Vítor , Serpell Christopher J. , Kilah Nathan L. , Beer Paul D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new, versatile chloride‐anion‐templating synthetic pathway is exploited for the preparation of a series of eight new [2]rotaxane host molecules, including the first sulfonamide interlocked system. 1H NMR spectroscopic titration investigations demonstrate the rotaxanes’ capability to selectively recognise the chloride anion in competitive aqueous solvent media. The interlocked host’s halide binding affinity can be further enhanced and tuned through the attachment of electron‐withdrawing substituents and by increasing its positive charge. A dicationic rotaxane selectively binds chloride in 35 % water, wherein no evidence of oxoanion binding is observed. NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray structural analysis and computational molecular dynamics simulations are used to account for rotaxane formation yields, anion binding strengths and selectivity trends.
Characterization, Synthesis and Self‐Aggregation of (−)‐Alternarlactam: A New Fungal Cytotoxin with Cyclopentenone and Isoquinolinone Scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Ai Hua , Jiang Nan , Gu Wen , Ma Jing , Wang Yu Rong , Song Yong Chun , Tan Ren Xiang 
Published: October 2010

Abstract(−)‐Alternarlactam [(−)‐1], a new promising cytotoxin against two human cancer cell lines, was isolated from an endophyte culture and synthesized (along with (+)‐1) from readily available starting materials. The absolute configuration, chirality–activity relevance and self‐aggregation of (−)‐1 were assigned by a combination of synthetic, spectroscopic and computational approaches. The full characterization of the new fungal cytotoxin may provide valuable information in the discovery of new antitumor agents.
Reactivity of C1 Surface Species Formed in Methane Activation on Zn‐Modified H‐ZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Wu Jian Feng , Wang Wei David , Xu Jun , Deng Feng , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSolid‐state 13C magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy investigations identified zinc methyl species, formate species, and methoxy species as C1 surface species formed in methane activation on the zeolite Zn/H‐ZSM‐5 catalyst at T≤573 K. These C1 surface species, which are possible intermediates in further transformations of methane, were prepared separately by adsorption of 13C‐enriched methane, carbon monoxide, and methanol onto zinc‐containing catalysts, respectively. Successful isolation of each surface species allowed convenient investigations into their chemical nature on the working catalyst by solid‐state 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity of zinc methyl species with diverse probe molecules (i.e., water, methanol, hydrochloride, oxygen, or carbon dioxide) is correlated with that of organozinc compounds in organometallic chemistry. Moreover, surface formate and surface methoxy species possess distinct reactivity towards water, hydrochloride, ammonia, or hydrogen as probe molecules. To explain these and other observations, we propose that the C1 surface species interconvert on zeolite Zn/H‐ZSM‐5. As implied by the reactivity information, potential applications of methane co‐conversion on zinc‐containing zeolites might, therefore, be possible by further transformation of these C1 surface species with rationally designed co‐reactants (i.e., probe molecules) under optimized reaction conditions.
The binding of flavopiridol to blood serum albumin
Authors: Myatt Daniel , Johnson Louise , Baumli Sonja , Siligardi Giuliano 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFlavopiridol is a potent cyclin‐dependant kinase (CDK) inhibitor and is in clinical trials for anticancer treatment. A limiting factor in its drug development has been the high dosage required in human clinical trials. The high dosage is suggested to be necessary because of significant flavopiridol binding to human blood serum. Albumin is the major protein component of blood serum and has been suggested as a likely high affinity binding target. We characterized the binding of human serum albumin to flavopiridol using circular dichroism (hereafter CD). Flavopiridol bound to human serum albumin has a diagnostic CD binding peak at 284 nm. The diagnostic CD binding peak was unobservable for flavopiridol with bovine serum albumin, using the same experimental conditions. However, under higher albumin concentrations a small CD signal is observed confirming, flavopiridol binds to bovine serum albumin as well. Chirality 22:E40–E43, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of New Electrochemical Surfaces for the Detection of Metals in Waste Water
Authors: Oztekin Yasemin , Yazicigil Zafer , Duran Tolga , Dumrul Hakan , Guler Ersin , Kocyigit Ozcan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this study, electrochemical experiments were performed in non‐aqueous media in order to determine electrochemical behavior of some of the glyoxime derivatives (GDs). Phenylglyoxime (PG), p‐chloro‐phenylglyoxime (p‐CPG), and 1,2‐phenylendiamino‐p‐chlorophenylglyoxime (PACPG) were chosen as GDs. Pt wire, Ag/Ag+ (in 0.01 M AgNO3) and glassy carbon (GC) electrode were used as counter, reference, and working electrode, respectively. The multiscan cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of these compounds were registered in acetonitrile (MeCN) containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborat (TBATFB) at scan rate of 100 mV/s. The potential was swept from 0 to +2.0 V versus Ag/Ag+ (0.01 M). The CVs of GDs were compared with each other and the electrochemical behaviors of the compounds were investigated depending on the functional groups in their structures. The electrochemical characterization of these modified surfaces was performed and characterizations were compared with the chatacterization results of bare GC surfaces. The application areas for new surfaces were investigated. These results will be active in the disciplines of electrochemistry and industrial physical chemistry, and in related industrial fields at the dissemination of new information for scientific area.
Statistical Optimization of Anaerobic Biological Processes for Dye Treatment
Authors: Khalili Zahra , Bonakdarpour Babak 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the present study both the synthetic media composition as well as some process parameters in the anaerobic decolorization of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by activated sludge were studied and optimized using statistical design of experiments (DOEs). Statistical analysis of the results of Plackett–Burman DOE showed that the addition of Mn or Fe, or increase in concentration of Mg, had a positive effect on the anaerobic decolorization efficiency whereas the effect of increase in concentration of glucose, ammonium chloride, and calcium chloride was negative. The effect of change in the concentration of glucose, mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS), and RB5 on the anaerobic decolorization efficiency and rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was studied using central composite design methodology. Statistical analysis of the data showed that all the factors had significant effect on both the dye decolorization efficiency and rate. The interaction of glucose with MLSS and with dye and the interaction of MLSS with glucose and with dye were significant when the response was decolorization efficiency and rate, respectively. When COD removal was the response, the effect of change in glucose and MLSS concentration and the interaction between these two factors had statistically significant effect on the response.