bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LA FAMILLE DES XIPHOCENTRONIDES (TRICHOPTERA: ANNULIPALPIA)
Authors: Schmid F. 
Published: April 2011

RésuméLa famille africaine, orientale et néotropicale des Xiphocentronides contient actuellement 11 espèces toutes classées dans le genre Xiphocentron Brauer. J'inclus dans cette famille les genres Melanotrichia Ulmer et Abaria Mosely et en décris quatre nouveaux, Proxiphocentron, Cnodocentron, Machairocentron et Drepanocentron. Xiphocentron est divisé en cinq sous-genres et Cnodocentron en deux. Septantetrois nouvelles espèces sont inclues dans ces nouveaux cadres génériques. Les nonante-trois espèces maintenant connues sont divisées en deux sous-familles de spécialisations très inégales.Les Xiphocentronides représentent une lignée d'origine orientale issue des Psychomyiides mais beaucoup plus spécialisée qu'elles. Fort intéressantes taxonomiquement, elles se prêtent mal aux spéculations phylétiques et pas volontiers aux reconstitutions zoogéographiques.
REVISION OF THE MACROPSINI AND NEOPSINI OF THE NEW-WORLD (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE), WITH NOTES ON INTERSEX MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe Neopsini encompasses two genera, both exclusively Neotropical:NeopsisOman (5 species) andNollian. gen. (2 species).Neopsis amazonican. sp.,Neopsis tumidifronsn. sp.,Neopsis magnan. sp. (Brazil), andNollia rustican. sp. (Chile) are described, and the genera and species of the Neopsini are keyed.The New-World Macropsini encompasses five genera:PediopsisBurmeister (1 species),PediopsoidesMatsumura (2 species),ReticopsisHamilton (2 species),MacropsisLewis (55 species), andOncopsisBurmeister (36 species). Biological and morphological data are used to define the species in this taxonomically difficult tribe, with the result that 45 new species are described:Macropsis acapulco,M.dimorpha,M.igniscutellata,M.mexicana,M.oncopsimilis, andM.zebrafrom Mexico;Macropsis aureocephala,M.californiensis,M.ferrax,M.inversalis,M.palustris,M.pulchra,Oncopsis arizona,O.aureostria, andReticopsis udrobatesfrom southern California and Arizona;Oncopsis insignifica,O.mica, andO.tangentafrom Utah;Macropsis borealis,M.rufescens,Oncopsis albicollis,O.incidens,O.interior,O.juno,O.marilynae,O.monticola, andO.tenuifoliaefrom northwestern North America;Macropsis dixiensisandO.infumatafrom southeastern North America;Macropsis decisa,M.jocosa,M.microceps,M.tunicata,M.xena,Oncopsis citrella,O.concurrens,O.dentata,O.deluda,O.prolixa,O.quebecensis, andO.vartyifrom northeastern North America; andMacropsis deviridis,Oncopsis citra,O.crispae, andO.prairianafrom Canada. Five new subspecies are described:O.cinctifrons kootenensis,O.prairiana ferrosus, andO.prairiana occidentalis, all from southern British Columbia;Oncopsis nigrinasi floridafrom Florida; andMacropsis deviridis albertafrom western Canada. Five new synonymies are created. Keys to all taxa, host associations, and distribution maps are provided and the colour phases of the various polymorphic species are analyzed.The morphology and significance of intersex individuals ofOncopsisspp. are discussed.
CLASSIFICATION OF FINAL-INSTAR LARVAE OF THE ICHNEUMONINAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Gillespie David R. , Finlayson Thelma 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCharacteristics of cephalic structures, spiracles, and skins of final-instar larvae of 42 species of 24 genera of the subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) are described and illustrated and keys are given for the separation of tribes, genera, and species. An additional two species that were previously described and illustrated are included in the keys for a total of 44.Larval characteristics support most of the tribal, generic, and specific entities defined on the basis of adult characteristics. They place species of the tribe Phaeogenini as the most primitive and suggest a close relationship between them and species of the tribe Gyrodontini. There is no obvious close relationship between larvae of the tribe Platylabini and other tribes of the subfamily. The tribe Ichneumonini appears to be a relatively distinct group, although the inclusion of the genusSyspasisis questioned. The two subtribes, Trogusina and Callajoppina, of the tribe Trogusini are quite distinct from each other and from other groups of the Ichneumoninae; they appear to possibly have different origins, and perhaps each deserves tribal rank. There is a high degree of taxonomic congruence between the adult and larval classifications.
A CATALOGUE OF THE EGGS OF SOME CANADIAN NOCTUIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Salkeld E. H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPresented, with notes, are 124 plates of SEM illustrations of noctuid eggs representing 14 subfamilies of the Noctuidae: one species of Agaristinae, four species of Pantheinae, six species of Acronictinae, 34 species of Noctuinae, 26 species of Hadeninae, 10 species of Cuculliinae, 14 species of Amphipyrinae, three species of Acontiinae, two species of Euteliinae, two species of Plusiinae, 11 species of Catocalinae, one species of Hypeninae, one species of Rivulinae, and nine species of Herminiinae.
A TAXONOMIC MONOGRAPH OF THE NEARCTIC GALERUCINE GENUSOPHRAELLAWILCOX (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: LeSage Laurent 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe taxonomy of the Nearctic genusOphraellaWilcox is revised. Data for all known immature stages are included.Ophraella integra(LeConte) is synonymized withO.notulata(Fabricius).Ophraella dilatipennis(Jacoby) is transferred to the genusNeolochmaeaLaboissière.Thirteen species are recognized, of which 6 are new :O.arctica,californiana,communa,macrovittata,nuda, andpilosa. The distribution and host plants of species are as follows :O.americana, eastern North America, onSolidagospp.;O.pilosa, transcontinental along the Canadian border, onAster, primarilyA.macrophyllus;O.cribrata, coast to coast in the United States, onSolidagoof the subgenusVirgaurea;O.confertain northeastern states, onSolidagowith preference forS.canadensisandS.rugosa;O.sexvittatain southeastern states, onSolidagospp.;O.notulatain eastern US and Gulf states to Mexico, onIva oraria;O.notatain eastern portion of the United States, onEupatorium perfoliatum;O.macrovittatain the Gulf states, host plant unknown;O.communain North America and Mexico, onAmbrosia artemisiifolia;O.bilineatain the Canadian Prairies and the bordering states, onChrysopsis villosa;O.californianain California and Mexico, onArtemisia Douglasiana;O.nudain Alberta, host plant unknown; andO.arcticain tundra zone, onSolidago multiradiata scopulorum.The life cycles of most species are still unknown but most species probably have only 1 generation per year. The eggs are laid in clusters on the under surface of young leaves. The larvae skeletonize young leaves and live exposed. Before pupation, the larva spins a loose cocoon and attaches it to a leaf tip. Pupation lasts 1–2 weeks. The newly hatched adults are active on host plants until the early fall, when they enter the leaf litter for overwintering.
THE INTERACTIONS OF VERTEBRATES AND INVERTEBRATES IN PEATLANDS AND MARSHES
Authors: Murkin Henry R. , Batt Bruce D.J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper reviews the interactions of vertebrates and invertebrates in peatlands and marshes to assess current knowledge and future research needs. Living organisms may interact through a number of direct trophic and nutrient pathways and a variety of non-trophic, habitat-dependent relationships. Freshwater marshes and peatlands are dynamic aquatic environments and organisms that occupy these areas must be adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions. The avian community illustrates the main interactions of invertebrates and vertebrates in peatlands and marshes. Waterfowl, along with fish and furbearers, are the most economically important vertebrates using these habitats. Each of these groups has important trophic and habitat links to the invertebrates within wetlands.The most common interaction between vertebrates and invertebrates is the use of invertebrates as food by vertebrates. Few studies, however, have dealt with trophic dynamics or secondary production within wetlands. Waterfowl, fish, and many other wetland vertebrates, during all or part of their life cycles, regularly feed on invertebrates. Some invertebrates are vectors of disease and parasites to vertebrates. Vertebrates can directly affect the structural substrate that invertebrates depend on as habitat through consumption of macrophytes or through the use of living and dead plant material in the construction of houses and nests. Conversely, herbivorous invertebrates may directly affect the survival and distribution of macrophytes in wetlands. Macrophyte distribution, in turn, is an important factor in determining vertebrate use of wetlands. The general lack of both taxonomic and ecological information on invertebrates in wetlands is the main hindrance to future elucidation of vertebrate–invertebrate interactions in these environments. Development of invertebrate sampling techniques suitable for wetland habitats also is necessary. More specific research needs must be met to develop a better understanding of the structure and function of these dynamic systems.
MODELLING APPLIED TO THE ANALYSIS OF CROP–PEST-MANAGEMENT INTERACTIONS
Authors: Bloomberg W.J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFusarium attacking the roots of Douglas-firs in a forestry nursery was the focus of a computer simulation model that was tested against several years of nursery disease observations. Soil temperature, seedling growth, disease spread, and inoculum density and distribution were studied and their effects on measures to control Fusarium root rot were simulated. Interactions of these factors in space and time were examined from seedling germination to end of the growing season. The results from the model indicated that low soil temperature at the beginning of the growing season, rapid seedling growth, and reduction of disease inoculum levels in the upper soil horizons were the optimum prescription for disease reduction.
MALE SCENT IN LEPIDOPTERAN COMMUNICATION: THE ROLE OF MALE PHEROMONE IN MATING BEHAVIOUR OFPSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA(HAW.) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Fitzpatrick Sheila M. , McNeil Jeremy N. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPseudaletia unipuncta(Haw.) males, experimentally deprived of hairpencils (male-specific scent organs), were less acceptable to females than were intact males. The degree to which females discriminated against males lacking hairpencils depended on the experimental protocol. When females were placed with males before scotophase onset, they tended to evade repeatedly and/or terminate genital contact with hairpencil-less males before eventually copulating, although this tendency was not statistically significant. When males were introduced after females had initiated calling, females refused hairpencil-less males significantly more often than intact ones. The incidence of copulation by hairpencil-less males was also lower than that of intact males, significantly so in one of the two populations tested. Neither copulation duration nor the dimensions of the cuticular portion of the spermatophore were correlated with the presence of hairpencils. Yet in all cases, females that mated with hairpencil-less males were more fecund and laid more fertile eggs than those mated to intact males. Hairpencil eversion could not be seen during courtship, nor did females show any obvious change in calling behaviour in response to scent from a freshly excised hairpencil. However, gas chromatographic analysis of hairpencils showed a decrease in titre of two scent components, acetic acid and benzaldehyde, just before the moment of genital contact between male and female, indicating that the pheromone was released at this time. These results suggest thatP.unipunctamale pheromone facilitates female acceptance of males. The hypothesis that male pheromone carries information about the quality of a courting male is discussed in relation to recent work on arctiids, nymphalids, pierids and pyralids. An appendix of lepidopteran species possessing male scent structures is included.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL PATTERNS IN MID-APPALACHIAN SPRINGS
Authors: Gooch James L. , Glazier Douglas S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe major topographic features and river courses of the mid-Appalachian Mountains are geologically ancient. Small rheocrenes are numerous in carbonate valleys with macroinvertebrate assemblages typically dominated by peracaridans and sometimes gastropods, with subordinate abundances of bivalves, triclads, and insects. Springs were approximately rank ordered by temporal persistence, using size, catchment area, proximity to base level, and bedrock permeability factors as criteria. A 38-m2rheocrene, Ell Spring, was sampled seasonally over a 2-year period for distribution and abundances of taxa. Physicochemical factors and rank order of ordinal abundances were stable the 1st year, but less so the 2nd year after a watercress cover was removed. Ell Spring is divided into nine distinct habitat patches. Some species distributions are strongly associated with patches and others are broader. Regionally, heterozygosity and allele frequency patterns ofGammarus minus(Amphipoda) are conditioned by latitude, indicative of the effects of Pleistocene glaciation, and by distance to regional master streams. These factors do not detectably influence the ordinal composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages. However overall invertebrate abundances and the ratio of non-insect orders (which are presumably less rapid colonists) to insect orders are greater in long-persisting than in frequently disturbed springs. The species assemblages of disturbed springs may be influenced by recent history as well as by water chemistry, substratum, and other equilibrium factors.
INSECT PROTEASES, PLANT PROTEASE INHIBITORS, AND POSSIBLE PEST CONTROL
Authors: Houseman Jon G. , Larocque A.M. , Thie N.M.R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSince the first observation that plants contained protease inhibitors, as identified by their ability to inhibit vertebrate enzymes, it has been postulated that the presence of these substances was related to their phytoprotective abilities. However the following assumptions (1) that phytophagous insects use trypsin, and (2) that ingested inhibitors disrupt digestive proteolysis in insects, have not been adequately tested. Identification of non-tryptic enzymes, cathepsin B, D, and H in phytophagous Coleoptera and unique trypsin-like enzymes in Lepidoptera, indicates insect proteases may differ from their vertebrate counterparts. Putative inhibitor proteins inhibited vertebrate trypsin and chymotrypsin in vitro but had no effect on the trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like activity from the insect midgut. Feeding experiments with the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis(Hübner), indicate that ingestion of inhibitors may not disrupt digestive proteolysis in vivo and the vertebrate trypsin inhibitor in corn may be ineffective as a phytoprotective strategy for this insect. Limitations and implications of ingested inhibitors for future pest control may depend on the origin of the inhibitor, as well as the insect's response.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PHYLOGENY OF THEPAPILIO MACHAONSPECIES GROUP (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE)
Authors: Sperling Felix A.H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn swallowtail butterflies of thePapilio machaonspecies group, mitochondrial (mt) DNA divergence has allowed speciation and adaptation to be understood more precisely. The reconstructed phylogeny of mtDNA of theP.machaongroup is largely congruent with prior systematic hypotheses based on allozymes and color pattern. Genetic divergences of mtDNA support use of broad, character-based species concepts for theP.machaongroup, and allow inferences regarding the origin of hybrid populations. The mtDNA phylogeny provides a guide for evolutionarily appropriate comparisons in studies of the chemical and genetic basis of hostplant use. Finally, mtDNA demonstrates the phylogenetically distinct status of an endangered species,P.hospiton.
THE ODONATA OF THE NORTHERN CORDILLERAN PEATLANDS OF NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Cannings Sydney G. , Cannings Robert A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe peatlands of the northern Cordillera of North America (consisting of the mountain ranges and intermontane lowlands and plateaus of British Columbia, Alberta, the Northwest Territories, the Yukon, and Alaska) support a distinctive Odonata fauna. Forty species in six families and 12 genera are typical of northwestern peatlands and another 12 species are occasional inhabitants of these environments. Of the 40 species, eight (20%) are peatland obligates and four (10%) almost always occur in such habitats. The remaining 28 (70%) are generalists and live in a wide range of aquatic habitats; nevertheless, they often are common inhabitants of, or are even dominant in, peatland environments. The fauna is dominated by the genera Aeshna Fabricius and Somatochlora Selys, with 11 and 10 species, respectively. It is also dominated by species restricted to Boreal regions (25 species, 62.5%), six (15%) of which have Holarctic distributions. The remainder of the fauna consists of eight species (20%) ranging transcontinentally in Transition Zone forests south of the Boreal Forest, five (12.5%) restricted to the Cordillera, and two (5%) with wide distributions in North America. Notes and maps summarize our knowledge of biogeographical information and previously unpublished records are listed. Significant southerly range extensions for species such as Coenagrion interrogatum (Hagen), Aeshna septentrionalis Burmeister, A. sitchensis Hagen, A. subarctica Walker, Somatochlora septentrionalis (Hagen), and Leucorrhinia patricia Walker are reported. Ecological and natural history data are outlined for each species. There do not appear to be any clear differences between the faunas of bogs and fens; dragonflies seem to respond to the habitat's form and structure rather than to its acidity or nutrient levels. Distinctive species associations result. A better understanding of the preferences of these dragonflies for different peatland microhabitats must await detailed research on oviposition behaviour and larval ecology.
ENTOMOPOXVIRUSES OF GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS: BIOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL POTENTIAL
Authors: Streett D.A. , Woods S.A. , Erlandson M.A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEntomopoxviruses (EPVs) are insect poxviruses that are often found infecting grasshoppers and locusts. Nearly 15 grasshopper and locust EPVs have been reported in the literature. This review describes our current knowledge of the biology of grasshopper and locust EPVs including virus ultrastructure, host range, production in cell culture, pathology, process of infection, epizootiology, and field evaluations of the viruses to assess their potential as biological control agents. The most extensively studied has been the Melanoplus sanguinipes EPV (MsEPV). Trypsin-like protease activity has been identified in association with MsEPV occlusion bodies but its importance in the infection process is not known. Mortality from MsEPV has been found to occur in two distinct time frames over 6 weeks or longer. MsEPV is also the only grasshopper EPV that has been grown in vitro and been shown to produce virus that is both infectious and virulent to M. sanguinipes. Horizontal transmission of grasshopper EPVs is apparently by consumption of infected cadavers. Field evaluations of MsEPV at an application rate of 1 × 1010 occlusion bodies per hectare resulted in a 23% prevalence after 13 days despite a considerable amount of dispersal of grasshoppers between plots. Epizootiological studies of EPVs will continue to be an area requiring additional research. Virus production and a limited host range are the two most critical issues affecting the development of EPVs as microbial control agents.
THE ENTOMOPHAGA GRYLLI (FRESENIUS) BATKO SPECIES COMPLEX: ITS BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, AND USE FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PEST GRASSHOPPERS
Authors: Carruthers Raymond I. , Ramos Mark E. , Larkin Timothy S. , Hostetter Donald L. , Soper Richard S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe biology, ecology, disease etiology, and biological control potential of different members of the Entomophaga grylli species complex are discussed. This complex is represented by several pathotypes that include members that produce both conidia and resting spores within a single season, and members that produce only resting spores. This complex is known as a major pathogen of acridids from most areas of the world where populations of these insects are found, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. Pathogens from this species complex commonly cause disease epizootics in their host populations and are known to reduce significantly outbreaks of grasshoppers, particularly following periods of rain or high humidity. Specific factors that either limit or enhance disease processes and host mortality are discussed in relation to both epizootiology and biological control programmes. Recent biological control efforts are discussed and the potential of using members of the E. grylli species complex in both augmentation and introduction programmes is considered.
A Synopsis of the Genus Rhopalosiphum in Canada (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Richards W. R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDescriptions of nearly all stages, and notes on the life histories of ten species of Rhopalosiphum Koch are offered. This includes all but two of the species known to occur in North America. Three are described as new. The group as a whole is of little economic importance with the exceptions of R. maidis (Fitch) and R. padi (L.) which are sometimes serious pests of cereal crops and have been shown to be capable of transmitting virus diseases. Keys for nearly all stages are provided.
Taxonomic Concepts in the Ascidae, with a Modified Setal Nomenclature for the Idiosoma of the Gamasina (Acarina: Mesostigmata)
Authors: Lindquist Evert E. , Evans G. Owen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractGeneric and familial concepts of the Ascidae Voigts and Oudemans (= Blattisociidae Garman, Aceosejidae Baker and Wharton) are reviewed and modified from a world standpoint. The postembryonic developments of chaetotactic and external morphological features of the body and appendages are discussed. Twenty-two genera in three subfamilies are recognized, keyed, and defined:ArctoseiusThor,IphidozerconBerlese,Xenoseiusnov., andZerconopsisHull in the Arctoseiinae Evans;CheiroseiusBerlese andPlatyseiusBerlese in the Platyseiinae Evans;AceodromusMuma,AntennoseiusBerlese,ArctoseiodesWillmann,AscaHeyden,BlattisociusKeegan,Diseiusnov.,GamasellodesAthias-Henriot,HoploseiusBerlese,LasioseiusBerlese,LeioseiusBerlese,MelicharesHering,NeojordensiaEvans,ProctolaelapsBerlese,ProtogamasellusKarg,RhinoseiusBaker and Yunker, andZercoseiusBerlese in the Ascinae Voigts and Oudemans.Newly synonymized genera areHyattellaKrantz underLasioseius,MucroseiusLindquist andOrolaelapsDeLeon underMelichares,GarmaniellaWesterboer underProctolaelaps, andTropicoseiusBaker and Yunker underRhinoseius. Genera removed from the Ascidae includeAfricoseiusKrantz,DigamasellusBerlese,LaelaptoseiusWomersley, andZygoseiusBerlese.Modified systems of nomenclature based on holotrichous Gamasina are introduced and applied to setae on the dorsum of the idiosoma and on the venter of the opisthosoma.