bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential of a uniformly charged planar structure with shape of a rose curve
Authors: Chen Sheng , Wu Yanyi , Chang Xin , Teng Baohua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The electric potential U(θ) of a uniformly charged plane with a rose-curve shape (referred to as a ‘rose disk’) satisfies a ‘roselike curve function,’ and there exists an asymptotic expression for the potential when the observation point is far from the rose disk. To validate the accuracy of the model, a constant electric current field was employed to simulate the electrostatic field. The potential distribution characteristics of uniformly charged circular discs and trilobal rose discs in the experimental setting were equivalently obtained by the experiment of electrolytic tank. The results indicate that under the non-idealized constraints of real experimental conditions, the asymptotic formula can be used as an analytical method to quickly study the rose disk potential.
Novel bow-shaped local resonance acoustic metamaterials with ultra-wide low-frequency stopband: design, modeling, and testing
Authors: Zhang Yongyan , Miao Xiangjie , Wu Jiuhui , Liu Chongrui , Wang YuChun , Qu Shuangwei , Chen Tao , Liu Xuejing , Liu Hui , Yang Leipeng , Tian Li , Zhaoyue Qianhui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel bow-spring local resonance (LR) structure featuring an exceptionally wide low-frequency stopband. Unlike traditional methods reliant on heavy mass or stiffness adjustments, this structure effectively manipulates and amplifies the dynamic characteristics of negative stiffness solely by designing parameter values for the bow-spring set. Through finite element method analysis, an ultra-wide stopband ranging from 91 to 570 Hz is achieved within the LR structure. Further modification of the connection pattern with a perforated plate extends the upper edge to 686 Hz while reducing the lower edge to 76 Hz. Most notably, within the novel bow-spring LR structure, a stopband width of 610 Hz is attained, resulting in a gap-mid gap ratio of 160.1%. The numerical and experimental results demonstrate good agreement. These findings offer a new perspective and guidelines for developing LR structures with ultra-wide low-frequency stopbands, potentially finding applications in the field of low-frequency vibration and noise reduction.
Preparation of SnS2/MoS2 with p–n heterojunction for NO2 sensing
Authors: Shen Ziyu , Lu Junfeng , Jin Dingfeng , Jin Hongxiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Conventional metal sulfide (SnS2) gas-sensitive sensing materials still have insufficient surface area and slow response/recovery times. To increase its gas-sensing performance, MoS2 nanoflower was produced hydrothermally and mechanically combined with SnS2 nanoplate. Extensive characterization results show that MoS2 was effectively integrated into SnS2. Four different concentrations of SnS2–MoS2 composites were evaluated for their NO2 gas sensitization capabilities. Among them, SnS2–15% MoS2 at 170 °C demonstrated the greatest response values to NO2, 7.3 for 1 ppm NO2, which is about three times greater than the SnS2 sensor at 170 °C (2.58). The creation of pn junctions following compositing with SnS2 was determined to be the primary reason for the composite’s faster recovery time, while the heterojunction allowed for the rapid separation of hole–electron pairs. Because the MoS2 surface has multiple vacancy defects, the adsorption energy of these vacancies is significantly higher than that of other places, resulting in increased NO2 adsorption. Furthermore, MoS2 can serve as active adsorption sites for SnS2 micrometer sheets during gas sensing. This study may help to build new NO2 gas sensors.
Self-powered stable high-performance UV–Vis–NIR broadband photodetector based on PVP-Cobalt@Carbon nanofibers/n-GaAs heterojunction
Authors: Havigh Roya Shokrani , Yıldırım Fatma , Mahmoudi Chenari Hossein , Türüt Abdulmecit , Aydoğan Şakir 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The self-powered PVP-Co@C nanofibers/n-GaAs heterojunction photodetector (HJPD) was fabricated by electrospinning of the nanofibers onto GaAs. An excellent rectification ratio of 6.60 × 106 was obtained from I–V measurements of the device in the dark. The I–V measurements of the fabricated device under 365 nm, 395 nm and 850 nm lights, as well as I–V measurements in visible light depending on the light intensity, were performed. The HJPD demonstrated excellent photodetection performance in terms of a good responsivity of ∼225 mA W−1 (at −1.72 V) and at zero bias, an impressive detectivity of 6.28 × 1012 Jones, and a high on/off ratio of 8.38 × 105, all at 365 nm wavelength. In addition, the maximum external quantum efficiency and NPDR values were 3495% (V = −1.72 V) and 2.60 × 1010 W−1 (V = 0.0 V), respectively, while the minimum NEP value was ∼10−14 W.Hz−1/2 for 365 nm at V = 0.V volts. The HJPD also exhibited good long-term stability in air after 30 d without any encapsulation.
4D in vivo dosimetry for a FLASH electron beam using radiation-induced acoustic imaging
Authors: Bjegovic Kristina , Sun Leshan , Pandey Prabodh , Grilj Veljko , Ballesteros-Zebadua Paola , Paisley Ryan , Gonzalez Gilberto , Wang Siqi , Vozenin Marie Catherine , Limoli Charles L , Xiang Shawn (Liangzhong) 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. The primary goal of this research is to demonstrate the feasibility of radiation-induced acoustic imaging (RAI) as a volumetric dosimetry tool for ultra-high dose rate FLASH electron radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) in real time. This technology aims to improve patient outcomes by accurate measurements of in vivo dose delivery to target tumor volumes. Approach. The study utilized the FLASH-capable eRT6 LINAC to deliver electron beams under various doses (1.2 Gy pulse−1 to 4.95 Gy pulse−1) and instantaneous dose rates (1.55 × 105 Gy s−1 to 2.75 × 106 Gy s−1), for imaging the beam in water and in a rabbit cadaver with RAI. A custom 256-element matrix ultrasound array was employed for real-time, volumetric (4D) imaging of individual pulses. This allowed for the exploration of dose linearity by varying the dose per pulse and analyzing the results through signal processing and image reconstruction in RAI. Main Results. By varying the dose per pulse through changes in source-to-surface distance, a direct correlation was established between the peak-to-peak amplitudes of pressure waves captured by the RAI system and the radiochromic film dose measurements. This correlation demonstrated dose rate linearity, including in the FLASH regime, without any saturation even at an instantaneous dose rate up to 2.75 × 106 Gy s−1. Further, the use of the 2D matrix array enabled 4D tracking of FLASH electron beam dose distributions on animal tissue for the first time. Significance. This research successfully shows that 4D in vivo dosimetry is feasible during FLASH-RT using a RAI system. It allows for precise spatial (∼mm) and temporal (25 frames s−1) monitoring of individual FLASH beamlets during delivery. This advancement is crucial for the clinical translation of FLASH-RT as enhancing the accuracy of dose delivery to the target volume the safety and efficacy of radiotherapeutic procedures will be improved.
Power-MF: robust fetal QRS detection from non-invasive fetal electrocardiogram recordings
Authors: Jaeger Katharina M , Nissen Michael , Rahm Simone , Titzmann Adriana , Fasching Peter A , Beilner Janina , Eskofier Bjoern M , Leutheuser Heike 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. Perinatal asphyxia poses a significant risk to neonatal health, necessitating accurate fetal heart rate monitoring for effective detection and management. The current gold standard, cardiotocography, has inherent limitations, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. The emerging technology of non-invasive fetal electrocardiography shows promise as a new sensing technology for fetal cardiac activity, offering potential advancements in the detection and management of perinatal asphyxia. Although algorithms for fetal QRS detection have been developed in the past, only a few of them demonstrate accurate performance in the presence of noise and artifacts. Approach. In this work, we propose Power-MF, a new algorithm for fetal QRS detection combining power spectral density and matched filter techniques. We benchmark Power-MF against three open-source algorithms on two recently published datasets (Abdominal and Direct Fetal ECG Database: ADFECG, subsets B1 Pregnancy and B2 Labour; Non-invasive Multimodal Foetal ECG-Doppler Dataset for Antenatal Cardiology Research: NInFEA). Main results. Our results show that Power-MF outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on ADFECG (B1 Pregnancy: 99.5% ± 0.5% F1-score, B2 Labour: 98.0% ± 3.0% F1-score) and on NInFEA in three of six electrode configurations by being more robust against noise. Significance. Through this work, we contribute to improving the accuracy and reliability of fetal cardiac monitoring, an essential step toward early detection of perinatal asphyxia with the long-term goal of reducing costs and making prenatal care more accessible.
ECG-Image-Kit: a synthetic image generation toolbox to facilitate deep learning-based electrocardiogram digitization
Authors: Shivashankara Kshama Kodthalu , Deepanshi  , Mehri Shervedani Afagh , Clifford Gari D , Reyna Matthew A , Sameni Reza 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective. Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of mortality globally, and electrocardiograms (ECGs) are crucial for diagnosing them. Traditionally, ECGs are stored in printed formats. However, these printouts, even when scanned, are incompatible with advanced ECG diagnosis software that require time-series data. Digitizing ECG images is vital for training machine learning models in ECG diagnosis, leveraging the extensive global archives collected over decades. Deep learning models for image processing are promising in this regard, although the lack of clinical ECG archives with reference time-series data is challenging. Data augmentation techniques using realistic generative data models provide a solution. Approach. We introduce ECG-Image-Kit, an open-source toolbox for generating synthetic multi-lead ECG images with realistic artifacts from time-series data, aimed at automating the conversion of scanned ECG images to ECG data points. The tool synthesizes ECG images from real time-series data, applying distortions like text artifacts, wrinkles, and creases on a standard ECG paper background. Main results. As a case study, we used ECG-Image-Kit to create a dataset of 21 801 ECG images from the PhysioNet QT database. We developed and trained a combination of a traditional computer vision and deep neural network model on this dataset to convert synthetic images into time-series data for evaluation. We assessed digitization quality by calculating the signal-to-noise ratio and compared clinical parameters like QRS width, RR, and QT intervals recovered from this pipeline, with the ground truth extracted from ECG time-series. The results show that this deep learning pipeline accurately digitizes paper ECGs, maintaining clinical parameters, and highlights a generative approach to digitization. Significance. The toolbox has broad applications, including model development for ECG image digitization and classification. The toolbox currently supports data augmentation for the 2024 PhysioNet Challenge, focusing on digitizing and classifying paper ECG images.
Synthesis, characterization and LDA+U calculations of zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Merdan M , Banimuslem Hikmat A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) was prepared by the sol-gel method as thin films deposited using spray pyrolysis. The characterization of the synthesized ZnO has been carried out using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed that the prepared ZnO has a wurtzite hexagonal structure with an average crystallite size of about 26.7 nm. High purity and flake-like structures were achieved as SEM and energy dispersive indicated. FTIR confirmed the prepared ZnO’s high purity as the Zn-O stretching peak was very intense. The optical parameters were comprehensively investigated, including absorption, reflection, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and optical energy gap. The wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO was optimized using the local-density approximation with the Hubbard correction method (LDA+U). Our experimental result for the energy gap is 3.28 (eV), which is in excellent agreement with the first principle calculations. We utilize the results from the LDA+U calculation along with our experimental outcomes to calculate the thickness of the thin film in UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Single shot point-diffraction interferometer by a plate beamsplitter
Authors: Shan Mingguang , Yin Zhiyu , Zhong Zhi , Liu Bin , Yu Lei , Liu Lei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A single shot point-diffraction interferometer (PDI) is proposed in this paper, in which the object beam is split into two copies by means of a beamsplitting module consisting of one plate beamsplitter and one mirror. One of the reflected beams is spatially filtered as a reference beam by one pinhole array in the spectral plane. The split two beams share almost the same path, and by adjusting the inclined angle of the plate beamsplitter, the carrier frequency and legibility of the interferogram can be modulated easily. Moreover, the contrast of the interferogram can be adjusted by changing different plate beamsplitters. Compared to conventional common path off-axis interferometers, this PDI has a simple optical setup, easy optical implementation and outstanding measurement ability with high precision, measurement efficiency and stability. Several experimental results will be provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
An innovative approach to approximating solutions of fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Iqbal Sajad , Martínez Francisco 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The RPS-M (residual power series method) is a valuable technique for solving F-PDEs (fractional partial differential equations). However, the derivative of the residual function to obtain the coefficients of the series is required in RPS-M. This makes the application of the classical RPS-M limited to a certain extent due to the complexity of the derivation of the residual function for higher iterations. To overcome this obstacle, in this study, we present a simplified version of this approach with the help of Laplace transform that requires less computation and offers higher accuracy. This modified method does not require derivation as well as limit of the residual function to estimate the unknown coefficients of the series solution. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we apply the proposed method to nonlinear F-PDEs to obtain their semi-analytical solution. The obtained solutions exhibit excellent agreement when compared to results obtained using other established approaches. We have also provided the convergence analysis of the obtained solution. Furthermore, by comparing the outcomes for various values of the non-integer order σ, we observe that as the value approaches an integer order, the solution converges towards the exact solution.
Transmission characteristics of partially coherent pin-like optical vortex beams in oceanic turbulence
Authors: Wang Xinguang , Chen Maike , Yuan Qiujie , Wang Le , Zhao Shengmei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Based on the Rytov approximation theory, the analytical formulae for the mode detection probability and channel capacity of the partially coherent pin-like optical (PCPO) vortex beams propagating in oceanic turbulence are obtained. The effects of light source parameters and oceanic turbulence parameters on the transmission characteristics of the PCPO vortex beams are analyzed in detail by numerical simulations. According to numerical results, a larger spatial coherence length of the partially coherent source endows the beams with a superior channel capacity performance while accompanied by a decrease in transmission robustness. Meanwhile, PCPO vortex beam with greater phase modulation power parameter and longer wavelength is conducive to enhancing the transmission quality through oceanic turbulence. In addition, the channel capacity of the system can be effectively augmented with the increase of the dissipation rate of kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid, the anisotropy factor, the inner scale radius and the decrease of the mean square temperature dissipation rate, the temperature-salinity contribution ratio. The results also indicate that PCPO vortex beam is a better candidate than Gaussian vortex beam for long-distance transmission. This paper provides a theoretical reference for studying an underwater communication link using PCPO vortex beams as the transmission carrier.
Pulsar timing anomalies: a window into baryon number violation
Authors: Zakeri Mohammadreza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigate the influence of a specific class of slow Baryon Number Violation (BNV)—one that induces quasi-equilibrium evolution — on pulsar spin characteristics. This work reveals how BNV can potentially alter observable parameters, including spin-down rates, the second derivative of spin frequency, and braking indices of pulsars. Moreover, we demonstrate that BNV could lead to anomalies in pulsar timing, along with a wide array of braking indices, both positive and negative. In addition, we examine the possibility of pulsar spin-up due to BNV, which may result in a novel mechanism for the revival of “dead” pulsars. We conclude by assessing the sensitivity required for future pulsar timing efforts to detect such BNV effects, thus highlighting the potential for pulsars to serve as laboratories for testing fundamental physics.
Resonant spin-flavor precession of sterile neutrinos
Authors: Wang Edward 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We analyze the impact of resonant conversions mediated by non-vanishing magnetic moments between active neutrinos and a heavy sterile neutrino on the supernova neutrino flux. We present the level-crossing scheme for such a scenario and derive the neutrino fluxes after conversion, paying particular attention to the order in which the resonances occur. We then compute the expected event rates from the neutronization burst of a future supernova at DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande to derive new constraints on the neutrino magnetic moment. With this, we find a sensitivity down to a few 10-15 μB for a sterile neutrino in the O(eV) mass range.
Understanding the influence of confounding factors in myoelectric control for discrete gesture recognition
Authors: Eddy Ethan , Campbell Evan , Bateman Scott , Scheme Erik 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Discrete myoelectric control-based gesture recognition has recently gained interest as a possible input modality for many emerging ubiquitous computing applications. Unlike the continuous control commonly employed in powered prostheses, discrete systems seek to recognize the dynamic sequences associated with gestures to generate event-based inputs. More akin to those used in general-purpose human-computer interaction, these could include, for example, a flick of the wrist to dismiss a phone call or a double tap of the index finger and thumb to silence an alarm. Moelectric control systems have been shown to achieve near-perfect classification accuracy, but in highly constrained offline settings. Real-world, online systems are subject to ‘confounding factors’ (i.e. factors that hinder the real-world robustness of myoelectric control that are not accounted for during typical offline analyses), which inevitably degrade system performance, limiting their practical use. Although these factors have been widely studied in continuous prosthesis control, there has been little exploration of their impacts on discrete myoelectric control systems for emerging applications and use cases. Correspondingly, this work examines, for the first time, three confounding factors and their effect on the robustness of discrete myoelectric control: (1) limb position variability, (2) cross-day use, and a newly identified confound faced by discrete systems (3) gesture elicitation speed. Results from four different discrete myoelectric control architectures: (1) Majority Vote LDA, (2) Dynamic Time Warping, (3) an LSTM network trained with Cross Entropy, and (4) an LSTM network trained with Contrastive Learning, show that classification accuracy is significantly degraded (

p
<

0.05) as a result of each of these confounds. This work establishes that confounding factors are a critical barrier that must be addressed to enable the real-world adoption of discrete myoelectric control for robust and reliable gesture recognition.
Observation of energetic ion anisotropy using neutron diagnostics in the Large Helical Device
Authors: Ogawa K. , Isobe M. , Sangaroon S. , Liao L.Y. , Zhong G.Q. , Seki R. , Nuga H. , Osakabe M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Energetic ion anisotropy was observed by tangential sightline compact neutron energy spectrometers (CNESs) in tangential neutral beam heated deuterium plasmas in Large Helical Device. Significant upper and lower energy shifts in D–D neutron energy from 2.45 MeV were measured according to the beam ion injection directions and CNES sightline using a conventional liquid scintillation detector with the unfolding technique and a novel Cs2LiYCl6:Ce with a 7Li-enrichment (CLYC7) scintillation detector without unfolding. The observed neutron energy spectrum was compared with that predicted by a numerical simulation based on orbit following models. Numerical simulation revealed that the Doppler shift in D–D neutron energy results from energetic ion anisotropy.
Numerical investigation of the flow noise of an underwater vehicle
Authors: Wu Jiafeng , Cao Xiaoming , Liu Bing , Wu Gang , Wei Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Flow noise is an important issue of underwater vehicles. In this paper, the ability of different numerical methods to predict the flow noise of the DARPA SUBOFF underwater vehicle model is investigated and compared. It is found that the front of the command deck and the tail fins are the main noise sources. Numerical results show that delayed detached eddy simulation is a suitable computational model for flow noise simulations.
Study on the steady state position of ocean towing cables
Authors: Wang Jian , Wu Hengfei , Liang Rongzhen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A study is conducted on the static equilibrium posture of the towing cable in water under a constant speed state in the towing system. Firstly, the underwater force state of the towing body is calculated and then the posture and tension of the towing cable are analyzed and calculated. As the cable is divided into two states which are above water and below water, a differential equation system is established as the boundary. The initial value of the equation can be transformed by the drag and gravity values of the towing body. The program solves the differential equations using the fourth-order Runge Kutta method and draws the attitude curve. Finally, it verifies the theoretical calculation results through experiments.