bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chasing Gold: Heat Acclimation in Elite Handcyclists with Spinal Cord
Injury
Authors: Lackner Mike , Grossmann Fabian , Perret Claudio , Flueck Joelle L , Hertig-Godeschalk Anneke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThermoregulation is impaired in individuals with a spinal cord lesion (SCI),
affecting sweat capacity, heat loss, and core temperature. This can be
particularly problematic for athletes with SCI who exercise in hot and humid
conditions, like those during the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games. Heat acclimation
can support optimal preparation for exercise in such challenging environments,
but evidence is limited in endurance athletes with SCI. We evaluated whether
seven consecutive days of exercise in the heat would result in heat acclimation.
Five elite para-cycling athletes with SCI participated (two females, three
males, median (Q1-Q3) 35 (31–51) years, four with paraplegia and one with
tetraplegia). All tests and training sessions were performed in a heat chamber
(30°C and 75% relative humidity). A time-to-exhaustion test was performed on day
1 (pretest) and day 7 (posttest). On days 2–6, athletes trained daily for one
hour at 50–60% of individual peak power (PPeak). Comparing pretest
and posttest, all athletes increased their body mass loss (p=0.04), sweat rate
(p=0.04), and time to exhaustion (p=0.04). Effects varied between athletes for
core temperature and heart rate. All athletes appeared to benefit from our heat
acclimation protocol, helping to optimize their preparation for the Tokyo 2020
Paralympic Games.
Multicenter clinical trial on functional evaluation of transoral laser microsurgery for supraglottic laryngeal carcinomas
Authors: Ambrosch Petra , Fazel Asita , Dietz Andreas , Fietkau Rainer , Tostmann Ralf , Borzikowsky Christoph 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is an accepted and effective treatment strategy for supraglottic carcinomas. Data on oncologic and to a lesser extent functional outcomes have been published by mainly European specialized single institutions. TLM for supraglottic carcinomas has never been tested in a multicenter trial on its applicability as surgical standard at every hospital.
Objectives To test the efficacy of TLM supraglottic laryngectomy (TLM-SGL) in terms of swallowing function, oncologic outcome parameters, morbidity, complications of treatment, and quality of life in a multicenter setting.
Methods The study is designed as a multicenter (approximately 25 centers), non-randomized, single-arm study with a targeted number of 200 previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the supraglottic larynx T2/T3 N0–3 M0; UICC stage II–IVa. The surgical treatment consists of TLM-SGL and elective or therapeutic uni- or bilateral selective neck dissection (SND). After pathologic risk stratification adjuvant radio- (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT) is indicated. Patients are followed-up for 2 years post surgically. Swallowing function is assessed by fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). The primary endpoint is aspiration-free swallowing at 12 months as established using FEES and defined as grade < 6 of penetration-aspiration scale (PAS). Secondary endpoints include local control, larynx preservation, overall and disease-free survival, complications and side effects of treatment, prevalence of tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)-tube-feeding, and dysphagia-specific quality of life (QoL) assessed by the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) as well as voice-related QoL assessed by the Voice Handicap Index (VHI).
Patients With Chronic Pain: The Aspect Of Negative Body
Image
Authors: Kieselbach Kristin , Fauler Ingrid , Abberger Birgit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective Negative body image is an increasingly important factor in
chronic pain disorders; particularly because the two conditions mutually
influence each other. Our study examines body-image-related attitudes and
comorbid psychic symptoms in patients with chronic pain disorders.
Methods and Measures 188 patients with chronic pain answered the Dresden
body image questionnaire (DKB-35), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
(HADS) and the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI).
Results The mean values of the DKB-35 subscales range between 2.24 und
3.29. The subscale “vitality” has the lowest mean value. BDI and HADS correlated
significantly with the DKB-35 subscales. The subscale “body-acceptance”
intercorrelated high with the two subscales “vitality” and
“self-aggrandizement”.
Conclusion Our findings verify that chronic pain is strongly associated
with negative body image. The issues of vitality and psychological symptoms seem
particularly central in this complex interaction. The biopsycho-social model and
the avoidance-endurance approach to chronic pain offer important ideas for
explanation and treatment.
Migräne und psychosomatische Komorbiditäten
Authors: Ruscheweyh Ruth , Lehnen Nadine , Henningsen Peter 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Migräne als häufige neurologische Erkrankung (10-15% der Bevölkerung) ist mit
zahlreichen Komorbiditäten assoziiert, insbesondere mit anderen
Schmerzsyndromen, psychischen Erkrankungen und funktionellen Störungen. Diese
‚psychosomatischen‘ Komorbiditäten nehmen mit der Migräneschwere weiter zu.
Schwer betroffene, komorbide Patienten haben oft auch ein schlechteres
Ansprechen auf die spezifische Migränetherapie. Interessanterweise haben die
Migräne und die genannten Komorbiditäten zahlreiche gemeinsame ätiologische oder
begünstigende Faktoren, z.B. genetische Faktoren, das häufigere Vorkommen bei
Frauen und bei Menschen mit traumatischen Vorerfahrungen, sowie (bei
Schmerzsyndromen) Zeichen einer zentralen Sensibilisierung. Eine weitere
Gemeinsamkeit ist der Zusammenhang mit aktuellem oder chronischem Stresserleben.
Wir schlagen ein erweitertes Diathese-Stress-Modell vor, das zusammenhängende,
aber doch individuell unterschiedliche Vulnerabilitäten berücksichtigt und,
abhängig vom Stresserleben, sowohl das Auftreten einzelner Erkrankungen (z.B.
einer isolierten Migräne) als auch das gemeinsame Auftreten der Migräne mit
anderen Schmerzsyndromen und weiteren psychosomatischen Komorbiditäten abbilden
kann. Zusammenfassend sollten psychosomatische Begleiterkrankungen in der
Migränetherapie stets im Blick behalten und ggf. frühzeitig und multimodal
behandelt werden.
Tungsten-Catalyzed Regioselective Allylic Amination
Authors: Xu Wenbin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA highly regioselective synthesis of allylic amines based on a tungsten-catalyzed allylic amination has been developed. This protocol, which is catalyzed by commercially available W(CO)3(MeCN)3 and 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine, permits the formation of synthetically useful branched allylic N-aryl- and N-alkylamines in moderate to good yields with a >20:1 branched/linear ratio under mild conditions. The noble-metal-free catalytic system complements conventional allylic aminations catalyzed by an Ir or Rh complex.
α-Amino Acid Synthesis by 1,3-Nitrogen Migration: An Update
Authors: Meggers Eric , Yin Kuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn improved practical and efficient procedure for the synthesis of non-racemic unnatural α-amino acids through a stereocontrolled rearrangement is reported. Carboxylic acids are converted into azanyl esters RCO2NHBoc followed by an iron-catalyzed 1,3-nitrogen migration to provide non-racemic α-amino acids in an asymmetric (α-monosubstituted α-amino acids) or enantioconvergent fashion (α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids). Under optimized conditions using a fluorinated chiral iron catalyst and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine as the base in a solvent mixture of 1,2-dichlorobenzene and CHCl3, enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee were obtained. Such high ee values are important for practical purposes, allowing the direct use of many of the obtained N-Boc-protected α-amino acids for subsequent applications.
Effect of government expenditure on real economic growth in ECOWAS: assessing the moderating role of corruption and conflict
Authors: Okunlola Olalekan Charles , Sani Imran Usman , Ayetigbo Olumide Abiodun , Oyadeyi Olajide O. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of government expenditure on real growth in ECOWAS countries. This paper used panel cointegration techniques to examine the impact of government expenditure on economic growth for a sample of 15 ECOWAS countries between 1999 and 2021. The study uses the POLS, FMOLS, and DOLS techniques for estimating four models. The study supports the view that government expenditure positively affects real economic growth in ECOWAS countries. However, we also found that higher control of corruption improves the effectiveness and efficiency of government expenditure in promoting economic growth. Furthermore, a higher incidence of conflict minimizes the effectiveness and efficiency of government expenditure in promoting economic growth. The finding suggests that a well-managed government can contribute positively to economic growth. The finding that government expenditure positively affects real growth in ECOWAS countries suggests that a well-managed government can contribute positively to economic growth. This finding is helpful for policymakers in ECOWAS countries interested in improving their countries’ economic growth.
Active gas camera mass flow quantification (qOGI): Application in a biogas plant and comparison to state-of-the-art gas cams
Authors: Bergau M. , Scherer B. , Knoll L. , Wöllenstein J. 
Published: June 2024

Gas cameras are primarily used to detect gas leaks, but their use has been increasingly extended to mass flow quantification (qOGI). We employ the previously published active illuminated gas camera [Bergau et al. “Real-time active-gas imaging of small gas leaks,” J. Sens. Sens. Syst. 12, 61–68 (2023) and Bergau et al. “Flow rate quantification of small methane leaks using laser spectroscopy and deep learning,” Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 182, 752–759 (2024)] in a real-world application for quantification, enhancing the camera with two new features: sensitivity adaptation and camera-gas distance detection. This technology was applied to a gas leak found in the pressure swing adsorption room of a biogas plant in Germany. We compare its performance with state-of-the-art quantification gas cameras (qOGI), such as Sensia Mileva 33. Such a comparison between active and passive gas cameras is possible for the first time due to the introduced sensitivity tuning. Additionally, we enclosed the gas leak and measure the methane concentration with a flame ionization detector, providing a gold standard for comparison. Our findings revealed relative offsets to our gold standard of −57% and +319% for the DAS-camera and the Sensia, respectively, suggesting that the accuracy of mass flow quantification could be improved through the use of active gas cameras.
Taxonomic reassessment of Scabies (Bivalvia: Unionidae) species in China based on multilocus and mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Dai Yu-Ting , Chen Zhong-Guang , Hu Cheng-Lin , Ning Peng-Fei , Ouyang Shan , Huang Xiao-Chen , Wu Xiao-Ping 
Published: June 2024

Effective species conservation necessitates the ability to accurately differentiate among species, a challenge compounded by taxonomic uncertainties in freshwater mussels due to substantial intraspecific variation and pronounced phenotypic plasticity in shell morphology. The taxonomic status and species validity of Scabies longata and S. chinensis, two species endemic in China, have been under continuous debate since establishment. The lack of essential molecular data required for a comprehensive systematic study has resulted in the unresolved taxonomic status of these two species. This study presents molecular data, including COI barcoding, COI + 28S rRNA, and mitogenomic data combined with morphological characteristics to assess the validity of S. longata and S. chinensis. Both morphological and COI barcoding data support the conclusion that S. longata and S. chinensis are junior synonyms of Nodularia douglasiae and N. nuxpersicae respectively. Our findings suggest the absence of Scabies species in China. Mitochondrial phylogenetic analyses were used to further elucidate intrageneric relationships within the genus Nodularia, revealing the following relationships: (N. breviconcha (Nodularia sp. 1 (N. douglasiae (N. nuxpersicae, N. nipponensis)))). We underscore the significance of employing an integrated taxonomic approach for species identification, especially given the considerable morphological disparities between larvae and adult freshwater mussels. Proper morphological identification of adult specimens is essential for extracting meaningful taxonomic characters. Furthermore, our findings suggest a notable resemblance between the freshwater bivalve fauna in southern China and those east of the Mekong River. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA87D330-5E23-4F4B-8CC2-CBA3CD191BE8
Expression of transforming growth factor β signalling molecules and their correlations with genes in loci linked to polycystic ovary syndrome in human foetal and adult tissues
Authors: Azumah Rafiatu , Hummitzsch Katja , Anderson Richard A. , Rodgers Raymond J. 
Published: June 2024

Context Altered signalling of androgens, anti-Müllerian hormone or transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) during foetal development have been implicated in the predisposition to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in later life, aside from its genetic predisposition. In foetal ovarian fibroblasts, TGFβ1 has been shown to regulate androgen signalling and seven genes located in loci associated with PCOS. Since PCOS exhibits a myriad of symptoms, it likely involves many different organs. Aims To identify the relationships between TGFβ signalling molecules and PCOS candidate genes in different tissues associated with PCOS. Methods Using RNA sequencing data, we examined the expression patterns of TGFβ signalling molecules in the human ovary, testis, heart, liver, kidney, brain tissue, and cerebellum from 4 to 20 weeks of gestation and postnatally. We also examined the correlations between gene expression of TGFβ signalling molecules and PCOS candidate genes. Key results TGFβ signalling molecules were dynamically expressed in most tissues prenatally and/or postnatally. FBN3, a PCOS candidate gene involved in TGFβ signalling, was expressed during foetal development in all tissues. The PCOS candidate genes HMGA2, YAP1, and RAD50 correlated significantly (P < 0.01) with most TGFβ signalling molecules in at least four foetal tissues, and specifically with TGFBR1 in six out of the seven tissues examined. Conclusions This study suggests that possible crosstalk occurs between genes in loci associated with PCOS and TGFβ signalling molecules in multiple tissues, particularly during foetal development. Implications Thus, alteration in TGFβ signalling during foetal development could affect many tissues contributing to the multiple phenotypes of PCOS in later life.
Examining the role of distributional information and structural types
in multiword sequence processing by Chinese preschool children
Authors: Wang Lu , Yu Wenbo , Peng Yiran , Liang Dandan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Multiword sequences (MWSs) are units between words and
sentences, which can help people to achieve native-like proficiency in a
language. However, the extent to which Chinese native (L1) speakers, especially preschool
children in the midst of language development, comprehend and process MWSs
remains uncertain. While previous research has primarily focused on the
distributional properties of MWSs, whether Chinese preschool children exhibit
sensitivity to the distributional information of MWSs requires further
examination. In addition, the potential influence of structural types on such
sensitivity has received limited attention. This study examined Chinese
preschool children’s sensitivity to distributional information and structural
types of MWSs when processing Mandarin MWSs. Participants performed an
imitating-production task. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that children
were sensitive to two types of distributional information of MWSs: MWS frequency
and MWS contingency. Intriguingly, no evidence was found to suggest sensitivity
to the structural types of MWSs. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated not only
the continuous effects of MWS frequency and contingency but also an interaction
between these two factors. This study thus indicates that during the processing
of MWSs, the performance of Chinese preschool children is influenced by the
distributional information of MWSs while remaining unaffected by structural
types.
Edge smoothness enhancement of digital lithography based on the DMDs collaborative modulation
Authors: Zhang Jingya , Luo Ningning , Chen Deyuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The rough saw-tooth edge caused by the inherent microstructures of digital micromirror device (DMD) will reduce the quality of the lithography pattern. Comprehensively considering the manufacturing efficiency, precision and cost, we propose a DMDs collaborative modulation lithography method to improve the smoothness of the lithography pattern edge. Through combining two misaligned DMDs to collaboratively modulate exposure dose, the better edge smoothness can be achieved. Collaborative exposure with 1/2 DMD pixel misalignment and 1/4 DMD pixel misalignment are both implemented to form the step-shape lithography patterns. The experimental results show that the saw-tooth edge can approximate to a straight line when increasing the number of times of the collaborative exposure. Further error analysis indicates it is effective to improve the edge smoothness while ensuring the lithography quality by using the collaborative modulation lithography. These results indicate that the DMDs collaborative modulation lithography is a promising technique for fabrication of microstructures, which may be a solution for balancing the fabrication precision, efficiency and cost.
Boson bloom
Authors: Baskaran G , May A R 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe year 2024 marks the 100th anniversary of the first article on Bose statistics. Bose breathed life into the Planck distribution of radiation by a microscopic derivation (Bose 1924Z. Phys.26178), adding a new insight, namelyindistinguishabilityinto the then evolving quantum theory. Einstein recognized the importance of this article and got it published. Using Bose statistics Einstein wrote an article on the theory (Einstein 1924Sutzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss Phys.-Math Kl.261) of an ideal Bose gas and Bose–Einstein condensation. The groundbreaking discovery of Bose, an unveiling of a secret of quantum mechanics, continues to reverberate after a century. Bose’s paper is considered the fourth important paper in old quantum theory, following Planck’s (1900) article (Planck 1900Verh. Disch Phys. Ges.2202), Einstein’s (1905) photoelectric effect (Einstein 1905Ann. Phys., Lpz.17132) and Bohr’s model (1913) of the atom (Bohr 1913London, Edinburgh Dublin Phil. Mag. J. Sci.261). Dirac (1926Proc. R. Soc.A112661) coined the namebosonfor one of the two families of indistinguishable particles, the other family being fermion. The edifice of modern quantum field theory, many-body quantum theory, quantum-information and quantum-computing are built on bosons, fermions and anyons. The ever-blooming quantum garden of bosons has photons, gluons, W-bosons, mesons, Higgs-bosons, gravitons, phonons, magnons, excitons, plasmons, polaritons and so on. We present a brief historical account of Bose’s life and his discovery, followed by a bird’s eye view of the impacts of bosons in modern science and technology: from Bose’s distribution of 3-degree background radiation reaching us in the form of cosmic microwave background from the big bang era toboson sampling, a novel quantum computing method.Bosogenesis before Baryogenesis?: And God said, Let there be light: and there was light (Genesis, 1:4)
Enhanced cation ordering, electron-spin-phonon interactions and Fano resonance in half-metallic Sr2FeMoO6 thin films
Authors: Yadav Ekta , Sahoo Jayaprakash , Mavani Krushna R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We report the presence of electron-spin-phonon interactions in half-metallic ferromagnetic Sr2FeMoO6 (SFMO) double perovskite thin films using temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. A series of SFMO thin films have been prepared on LaAlO3 (001) single-crystal substrate using the Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. These depositions have been made in different gas-conditions such as in vacuum, and under nitrogen and oxygen gas pressures. At room temperature, Raman spectra manifest a Fano feature which indicates the presence of electron-phonon coupling in the films. The electron-phonon coupling strength further changes with a change in deposition conditions. Magnetization results show that the SFMO film grown in vacuum has the highest saturation magnetization which suggests better cation ordering as compared to the other films. For enhanced understanding, Raman spectra were recorded at varied temperatures and the data were analyzed by theoretical model fittings. A parameter quantifying temperature-dependent anharmonic nature of phonons has been derived using Balkanski model fits. This parameter shows a drastic deviation in the vicinity of Curie temperatures, manifesting a spin-phonon coupling in SFMO films. We further show that the spin-phonon coupling strengthens with improved Fe–Mo ordering. Any experimental observation of spin-phonon coupling has not been reported for SFMO systems till date. The magnetization data corroborate well with these observations made by Raman measurements. Our results of Raman spectroscopy, magnetization and resistivity collectively suggest that the SFMO films exhibit electron-spin-phonon interactions, which are influenced by the cation ordering. We also devised out the method of relating the anharmonic nature of Raman modes with the degree of Fe–Mo ordering and spin-phonon coupling in double-perovskite materials.
Modelling laser modified secondary electron yield response of surfaces
Authors: Din Amin A , Uren Robin , Wackerow Stefan , Fontenla Ana T P , Pfeiffer Stephan , Tabares Elisa G , Zolotovskaya Svetlana , Abdolvand Amin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Electron clouds hinder the operation of particle accelerators. In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the copper beam screens are located within close proximity to the beam path, resulting in beam-induced electron multipacting, which is the main source of electron cloud formation. Conditions for multipacting are encountered when such surfaces have a secondary electron yield (SEY) greater than unity. Roughening the surface through laser processing offers an effective solution for reducing secondary electrons. Laser ablation leaves behind a complex rough, multi-scale geometrical surface with an altered chemical composition. Current models often over-simplify the geometry, do not have sufficient experimental data to derive input parameters, and exclude SEY-reducing mechanisms such as the surface chemistry. Leading to electron-matter interactions which do not resemble that of a real surface. Here, this complex surface is studied on copper used in the LHC, and the influence of microgeometry, inhomogeneous nanostructure and complex surface chemistry on the SEY is investigated. A novel, improved model is proposed that characterises these sophisticated structures, enabling the efficient design of surfaces to reduce SEY. To validate the model, samples were made using a variety of laser parameters. Modelling insights revealed that secondary electron suppression is not only caused by the microgeometry but also the nanostructure and chemical modification play a role. Contrary to the conventional theory, high aspect ratio structures are not necessarily required for effective SEY reduction. Currently, the model is applicable to a variety of surface morphologies and could be employed for other materials.