bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Dampak PDRB, Investasi, Rata-rata lama Sekolah dan Upah Minimum terhadap Kesempatan Kerja: Sebuah Studi Empiris Di Jawa Tengah tahun 2018-2022
Authors: Wijayanti Diana , Rahmannisa Mufarrah  
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak PDRB, investasi, rata-rata lama sekolah dan upah minimum Kabupaten/Kota terhadap kesempatan kerja di Propinsi Jawa Tengah tahun 2018-2022. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari BPS. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PDRB dan investasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kesempatan kerja, upah minimum berpengaruh negatif terhadap kesempatan kerja, sementara rata-rata lama sekolah tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesempatan kerja di Jawa Tengah. Temuan ini mengimplikasikan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kesempatan kerja di Jawa Tengah, pemerintah daerah perlu meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam hal ini adalah pertumbuhan PDRB dan investasi, serta meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia melalui program pendidikan dan pelatihan yang lebih baik. Selain itu, pemerintah perlu mempertimbangkan kebijakan upah minimum yang lebih tepat untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang kondusfi bagi penciptaan lapangan kerja baru.
Npbwr1 signaling mediates fast antidepressant action
Authors: Engmann Olivia , Stein Gregor , Aly Janine , Lange Lisa , Manzolillo Annamaria , Riege Konstantin , Brancato Anna , Hubner Christian , Turecki Gustavo , Hoffmann Steve 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for depression, a leading cause of disability and suicide. Because current antidepressants work slowly, have common side effects, and are only effective in a minority of patients, there is an unmet need to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we reveal the receptor for neuropeptides B and W, Npbwr1, as a key regulator of depressive-like symptoms. Npbwr1 is increased in the nucleus accumbens of chronically stressed mice and postmortem in patients diagnosed with depression. Using viral-mediated gene transfer, we demonstrate a causal link between Npbwr1, dendritic spine morphology, the biomarker Bdnf, and depressive-like behaviors. Importantly, microinjection of the synthetic antagonist of Npbwr1, CYM50769, rapidly ameliorates depressive-like behavioral symptoms and alters Bdnf levels. CYM50769 is selective, well tolerated, and shows effects up to 7 days after administration of a single dose. In summary, these findings drastically advance our understanding of mood and chronic stress and warrant further investigation of CYM50769 as a potential fast-acting antidepressant.
A Fight Against All Odds? The Causal Effects of Perceived Political Efficacy and Protest Repression on Motivation to Engage in Normative and Non-normative Climate Protest
Authors: Dono Marcos , Ayanian Arin , Tausch Nicole 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Despite increasing concern about climate change and widespread demonstrations demanding urgent action, governments worldwide are failing to meet climate pledges and many have introduced anti-protest laws that limit citizens’ ability to hold them accountable. We investigate the impacts of the political efficacy of climate protests and the risks of protest repression on people’s motivation to engage in both conventional, normative and radical, non-normative pro-environmental collective action. We ran two experiments (totalN = 443) among residents in the UK, where recent legislative changes have severely restricted climate protests. Using fabricated news articles, we manipulated political efficacy and repression in a 2x2 between-subjects design. Our manipulations successfully shifted perceptions of political efficacy and the risks of repression, however they did not produce direct effects on action intentions. Rather, these factors impacted action intentions indirectly by shaping other motives. Specifically, political efficacy exerted a positive indirect effect on normative (but not non-normative) action intentions by shifting people’s beliefs about the value of their own contribution (Study 1) and the likelihood that taking action will strengthen the movement (Study 2). In line with a backlash effect, and suggesting that restrictions on protest could radicalize action, repression exerted a positive indirect effect on both normative and non-normative action intentions by generating moral outrage. Moderation of effects by climate change concern and politicized identity lend further nuance to these findings. Our research provides scarce evidence of the causal effects of efficacy and repression on protest intentions and has implications for mobilization efforts of climate movements.
Mapping Green Communities New Data Resources for Measuring Grassroots Environmental Organizing in Japan
Authors: Temocin Pinar , Fraser Timothy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Which communities host the most grassroots resources for activism on energy, environment, and climate policy, per capita? This article introduces a recently developed data resource measuring rates of environmental organizations in every Japanese city over the last two decades. These data were first validated in 2021 against prior measures of environmental organizing and linked to changes in emissions levels (Fraser and Temocin 2021). This paper clears new ground by demonstrating best-use cases for scholars and activists seeking to understand the state of environmental organizing in their city. By detailing in-depth ways to analyze these indices and focusing on case studies based on Kitakyushu and an average city in post-Fukushima Japan, this study aims to encourage a wave of new research testing the relationship between levels of grassroots and professionalized environmental organizing in cities and urban environmental governance outcomes, including solar, wind, emissions, and pollution governance.
Prevalence, patterns, and determinants of vascular complications of type 2 diabetes in a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Solela Gashaw , Azanaw Henok , Zegeye Hailu , Worku Amare , Leulseged Beza 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have an increased risk of vascular complications. Despite the rise in the prevalence of T2D and its complications throughout the globe, there is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence and determinants of vascular complications of T2D in Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence, patterns, and determinants of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of T2D among patients attending a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Methods
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done by reviewing the electronic medical records of adult patients with T2D attending the general medical and endocrine referral clinics of Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the data on the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profiles, laboratory investigations, and patterns of vascular complications. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted, and the crude odds ratio (COR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR), together with the 95% confidence interval (CI), were computed to identify the determinants of vascular complications of T2D.
Results
A total of 272 patients with T2D were included in this study; 50.5% were females, and the mean age was 56.34 ± 12.8 years. The mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 7.75 ± 1.91%, and only 48.5% had good glycemic control with a target HbA1c value of < 7%. The majority of patients (62.5%) had diabetes for ≥ 5 years. The overall prevalence of vascular complications was 39%. Microvascular and macrovascular complications were observed in 23.5% and 21% of the patients, respectively. The determinants of microvascular complications were age ≥ 60 years (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.33), diabetes duration of ≥ 5 years (5–10 years [AOR = 3.13, 95% CI: 1.37, 7.18], and > 10 years [AOR = 3.88, 95% CI: 1.66, 9.06], and HbA1c ≥ 7% (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.14, 4.28). The odds of developing macrovascular complications were higher with diabetes duration of ≥ 5 to 10 years (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.37, 6.12) as compared with diabetes duration of < 5 years.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of vascular complications in patients with T2D. Older age, prolonged duration of diabetes, and poor glycemic control were the determinants for the development of microvascular complications, while prolonged duration of diabetes was the determining factor for the development of macrovascular complications. Hence, targeted initiatives are required to enhance the prevention and early detection of vascular complications of T2D in resource-limited countries such as Ethiopia.
Increasing precipitation promotes carbon exchange in the Stipa breviflora desert steppe ecosystem
Authors: Liu Xinrui , Wang Zhongwu , Han Guodong , Cui Yuanyuan , Hou Dongjie , Wang Hanming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

A five-year rainfall control experiment was conducted in-field on the Stipa breviflora desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. We set four precipitation gradients on the fenced grassland: reduce precipitation by 50%, P1; natural precipitation, P2; increase precipitation by 50%, P3; increase precipitation by 100%, P4. We used a portable photosynthesis system Li-6400 measured the ecosystem carbon and water fluxes of each plot during the growing season (May-October). Results showed that precipitation had a significant impact on ecosystem carbon exchange. With increasing precipitation, net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by 1.89, 0.37, 2.21, 0.80 µmol·m-2·s-1 and 2.16 µmol·mmol-1, respectively. NEE、ER、GEP、WUE is more sensitive to precipitation. Increasing precipitation will significantly increase the aboveground biomass of C3 species and promote carbon flux. In summary, increasing precipitation will increase carbon flux and promote carbon sink on the desert steppe.
Research on the time and space Changing Trend of Air Pollutants in Beijing from 2014 to 2023
Authors: Xie Yangyang , Zhao Jiaqing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

According to the concentration data of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, CO recorded at 35 monitoring stations in Beijing from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2023, we analyzed the average annual and seasonal concentrations of air pollutants during this period, and investigated their temporal and spatial trends and possible influencing factors. Furthermore, we use Pearson correlation coefficient to study the relationship between these pollutants. The results show that the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 decreased significantly during 2014 to 2022, but increased in 2023, while the concentrations of SO2, NO2 and CO decreased steadily, but the concentration of O3 increased slightly. The average annual concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 were low in summer and autumn, high in spring and winter, the average annual concentration of NO2 is lowest in autumn, highest in winter, while the seasonal change of O3 is very significant, its is higher in summer and autumn, lowest in winter. The average annual concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 in the central, southeast and southwest were significantly different from those in the northwest and northeast, with the former higher than the latter. The regional difference of SO2 and CO from 2014 to 2017 were the same as above, but the difference was not obvious after 2017. Throughout this period, the regional differences in the average annual concentration of O3 were always not obvious. There is a strong positive correlation among PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO, while the correlation between O3 and these five pollutants is weak or negative.
Spatial-channel Capsule Aggregated Network for Robust Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Hu Bing , Liu Jin , Li Xingye , Li Yiyao , He Huihua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In recent years, deep learning techniques especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have shown significant progress in facial expression recognition. However, most prior studies are susceptible to the “fuzzy phenomena” in FER datasets, which is a common phenomenon in real-world scenarios. In addition, traditional CNNs are usually sensitive to rotations and pose variations in images, which is a common challenge in facial expression recognition because expressions can occur at different head postures. To address the above-mentioned problems, we propose a Spatial-channel Capsule Aggregated Network with Dynamic data Cleansing Module (SCAN-DCM). Specifically, we incorporate spatial and channel attention mechanism into vanilla capsule network for better capturing the relative position relationships and orientation features among the facial Action Units (AUs), enabling the model to adaptively perceive the facial AUs with high feature information density. Furthermore, the Dynamic data Cleansing Module (DCM) is proposed to address the “fuzzy phenomena” via enhancing the feature expressions of samples with high Contribution Coefficients (CC), suppressing those with low CC, and curing the wrongly labeled samples in the low CC. Extensive experiments are conducted on the FER datasets RAF-DB as well as FERPlus in natural scenes.SCAN-DCM achieves an accuracy of 82.83% on FERPlus and 86.28% on RAF-DB, which shows that our approach has remarkable performance.
Multilayer network analysis in patients with end-stage kidney disease: integrating insights into structural and functional layers
Authors: Yi Jiyae , Heo Chang Min , Park Bong Soo , Lee Yoo Jin , Park Sihyung , Kim Yang Wook , Lee Dong Ah , Park Kang Min , Kim Jinseung , Ko Junghae 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate alterations in a multilayer network combining structural and functional layers in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) compared with healthy controls.
Methods
In all, 38 ESKD patients and 43 healthy participants were prospectively enrolled. They exhibited normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without any structural lesions. All participants, both ESRD patients and healthy controls, underwent T1-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) using the same three-tesla MRI scanner. A structural connectivity matrix was generated using the DTI and DSI programs, and a functional connectivity matrix was created using the rs-fMRI and SPM programs in the CONN toolbox. Multilayer network analysis was conducted based on structural and functional connectivity matrices using BRAPH.
Results
Significant differences were observed at the global level in the multilayer network between patients with ESKD and healthy controls. The weighted multiplex participation was lower in patients with ESKD than in healthy controls (0.6454 vs. 0.7212, adjusted p = 0.049). However, other multilayer network measures did not differ. The weighted multiplex participation in the right subcentral gyrus, right opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, right occipitotemporal medial lingual gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus in patients with ESKD was lower than that in the corresponding regions in healthy controls (0.6704 vs. 0.8562, 0.8593 vs. 0.9388, 0.7778 vs. 0.8849, and 0.6825 vs. 0.8112; adjusted p < 0.05, respectively).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the multilayer network combining structural and functional layers in patients with ESKD was different from that in healthy controls. The specific differences in weighted multiplex participation suggest potential disruptions in the integrated communication between different brain regions in these patients.
Profiling of urinary extracellular vesicle protein signatures from patients with cribriform and intraductal prostate carcinoma in a cross-sectional study
Authors: Matthiesen Rune , Carvalho Ana , Leão Ricardo , Sayyid Rashid , Pereira Hermínia , Beck Hans , Bernardino Rui , Pinheiro Luis , Henrique Rui , Fleshner Neil , Alves Liliana , Hall Michael 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Prognostic tests and treatment approaches for optimized clinical care of prostatic neoplasms are an unmet need. Prostate cancer (PCa) and associated extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteome changes occur during initiation and progression of the disease. PCa tissue proteome has been previously characterized, but screening of tissue samples constitutes an invasive procedure. Consequently, we focused this study on liquid biopsies, such as urine samples. More specifically, urinary small extracellular vesicle and particles proteome profiles of 100 subjects were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified 171 proteins that were differentially expressed between intraductal prostate cancer/cribriform (IDC/Crib) and non-IDC/non-Crib after correction for multiple testing. However, the strong correlation between IDC/Crib and Gleason Grade complicates the disentanglement of the underlying factors driving this association. Nevertheless, even after accounting for multiple testing and adjusting for ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) grading, two proteins continued to exhibit significant differential expression between IDC/Crib and non-IDC/non-Crib. Functional enrichment analysis based on cancer hallmark proteins disclosed a clear pattern of androgen response down-regulation in urinary EVs from IDC/Crib compared to non-IDC/non-Crib. Interestingly, proteome differences between IDC and cribriform were more subtle, suggesting high proteome heterogeneity. Overall, the urinary EV proteome reflect partly the prostate pathology.
Seismic Detection of a 600-km Solid Inner Core on Mars
Authors: Sun Daoyuan , Bi Huixing , Sun Ningyu , Mao Zhu , Dai Mingwei , Hemingway Douglas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

For rocky planets, the presence of a solid inner core has strong implications for the composition and thermal evolution of the core and for the planet's magnetic history (refs.1-3). On Mars, geophysical observations have confirmed that the core is at least partially liquid (refs.4-7), but it has been unclear whether any part of the core is solid. Here we show from analysis of seismic data acquired by the InSight mission that Mars has a solid inner core. We identify two seismic phases, the deep core-transiting phase, PKKP, and the inner core boundary reflecting phase, PKiKP, indicative of the inner core. Our inversions constrain the radius of the Martian inner core to ~610±50 km, with a compressional velocity jump of ~30% across the inner core boundary. These inner core properties imply a concentration of distinct light elements, supporting inner core crystallization following a “snowing-core” model (ref.8), indicating a relatively low temperature on Mars. This finding provides an anchor point for understanding the thermal and chemical state of Mars. Additionally, the relationship between inner core formation and the Martian magnetic field evolution could offer critical insights into dynamo generation across planetary bodies.
Microglia Depletion Reduces Neurodegeneration and Remodels Extracellular Matrix in a Mouse Parkinson’s Disease Model Triggered by α-Synuclein Overexpression
Authors: Zhang Ting , Zhang Zhen , Guo Jiali , Niu Kun , Huang Taoying , Xarbat Gongbikai , Gong Xiaoli , Cheng Shan , Yang Fei , Liu Zhaoyuan , Ginhoux Florent 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Chronic neuroinflammation with sustained microglial activation occurs in Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet whether these cells contribute to the motor deficits and neurodegeneration in PD remains poorly understood. In this study, we induced progressive dopaminergic neuron loss in mice for 8 weeks via rAAV-hSYN injection to cause the neuronal expression of α-synuclein, which produced neuroinflammation and behavioral alterations. We administered PLX5622, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor, for 3 weeks prior to rAAV-hSYN injection, maintaining it for 8 weeks to eliminate microglia. This chronic treatment paradigm prevented the development of motor deficits and concomitantly preserved dopaminergic neuron cell and weakened α-synuclein phosphorylation. Astrocyte activation and C3+-astrocyte (A1-reactive) numbers were also decreased, providing evidence that reactive astrogliosis is dependent on microglia in PD mice. Gene expression profiles related to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling were increased after microglia depletion in PD mice. We demonstrated that microglia exert adverse effects during α-synuclein-overexpression-induced neuronal lesion formation, and their depletion remodels ECM and aids recovery following insult.
Application value of surgical navigation system based on deep learning and mixed reality for guiding puncture in percutaneous nephrolithotomy： a retrospective study
Authors: Meng Xiangjun , Luo Daosheng , Mo Rujun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background—
Percutaneous puncture is the most critical step in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical value of a navigation system based on deep learning and mixed reality for the treatment of kidney stones with percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and to improve its theoretical basis for the treatment of kidney stones.
Methods—
The data of 136 patients with kidney stones from October 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and were categorized into a control group (Group 1) and a surgical navigation group (Group 2) according to puncture positioning method. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) was performed in both groups. In group 1, the puncture location was determined according to CT. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed with navigation system in group 2. The baseline information and procedural characteristics of both groups were compared.
Results—
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was successfully performed in both groups. No significant difference was found in the baseline date between the two groups. In group 2, real-time ultrasound images could be accurately matched with CT images with the aid of navigation system. The success rate of single puncture, puncture time, and decrease in hemoglobin were significantly improved in group 2 compared to group 1. (p < 0.05).
Conclusions—
The application of navigation system based on deep learning and mixed reality in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for kidney stones allows for real-time intraoperative navigation, with acceptable accuracy and safety. Most importantly, this technique is easily mastered, particularly by novice surgeons in the field of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
Trial registration
This study was retrospectively registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, registration number: ChiCTR2400079909, date of registration: 2024-1-16.