bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stator‐core structure and winding technology for EPS motors
Authors: Ishigami Takashi , Kitamura Masashi , Sanada Kazushi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractElectric power steering (EPS) motors must have the performance characteristics of precision machines. They should be compact and produce high power. Moreover, the loss torque and the change of loss torque should be as low as possible. In this study, dividing the stator core into small blocks and winding the coils densely on the blocks are shown to be effective techniques for achieving compact high‐power motors. We examined whether I‐shaped divided cores or T‐shaped divided cores were more suitable for EPS motors in terms of motor performance and production cost. We built two experimental motors, one with I‐shaped divided cores and the other with T‐shaped divided cores, and measured three important characteristics of EPS motors: output torque, loss torque, and loss torque change. The T‐type motor proved to have better performance for all three characteristics. Moreover, the productivity of the T‐type motor was shown to be higher than that of the I‐type motor, indicating that overall, T‐shaped divided cores are advantageous for the stators of EPS motors. Next, we considered a new winding method for the continuous winding of two T‐shaped cores in order to achieve a compact terminal connection board. The extending lines made by the new winding method do not extend beyond the coil end. Therefore, this method will contribute to reduction of the axial dimension of EPS motors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(1): 35–42, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21085
Ring‐Opening Polymerization of L‐Lactides Catalyzed by Zinc–Sodium/Lithium Heterobimetallic Complexes in the Presence of Water
Authors: Wang Lei , Pan Xiaobo , Yao Lihui , Tang Ning , Wu Jincai 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTwo heterobimetallic complexes, [(TBBP)2Zn][(Na)2(THF)4] (3) and [(TBBP)2Zn][(Li)2(THF)4] (4) can initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of L‐lactide in a controlled fashion. Complex 3 can initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of unsublimed L‐lactide under moist conditions even in the presence of H2O, to yield a high conversion and with controllable molecular weight.
Kinetics and Mechanistic Study of Acetaminophen‐Captopril Interaction by Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Tammari Esmail , Nematollahi Davood 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this work kinetics parameters and electrochemical mechanism for electrooxidation of acetaminophen in the absence and presence of captopril in a condition close to acetaminophen natural oxidation pathway was investigated. The electrooxidation of acetaminophen in the presence of captopril was investigated by voltammetry and coulometry methods. The results of this work show that acetaminophen is oxidized to its respectivep‐quinoneimine. The quinoneimine attacked by captopril, forms thioether. The proposed electrochemical mechanism isECEC. The estimated value for homogeneous rate constantkobsis 3.1×104±155 M−1s−1andkf/kbis 1.6×108±8.0×105.
Determination of Free Metal Ion Concentrations Using Screen‐Printed Electrodes and AGNES with the Charge as Response Function
Authors: Parat C. , Aguilar D. , Authier L. , Potin‐Gautier M. , Companys E. , Puy J. , Galceran J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian Equilibrium Stripping) has been implemented with screen‐printed electrodes (SPE) for the determination of the free concentration of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+. For SPE, the stripped charge is a suitable response function which does not require the second stage of AGNES to be under diffusion limited conditions. This property can be used in the avoiding of the interference of Pb on [Cd2+] determination. The proportionality factor between stripped charge and concentration of amalgamated metal depends on the volume of mercury and opens the way to a future calibrationless strategy. Zn and Cd complexation with oxalate at various pH‐values confirms the suitability of the developed methodology, which compares favourable with the standard one based on the Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode.
Cognitive appraisal and life stress moderate the effects of the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism on amygdala reactivity
Authors: Lemogne Cédric , Gorwood Philip , Boni Claudette , Pessiglione Mathias , Lehéricy Stéphane , Fossati Philippe 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe short allele of the serotonin‐transporter‐linked promoter region (5‐HTTLPR) polymorphism is associated with increased amygdala activation in response to emotional stimuli. Although top–down processes may moderate this association, available evidence is conflicting, showing the genotype influence on amygdala reactivity to be either decreased or increased during emotion regulation. Because the effects of the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism on amygdala reactivity are also conditional on self‐reported life stress, differences in life stress exposure may account for this apparent discrepancy. Here, we hypothesized that self‐reported life stress would moderate the relationships between genotype, cognitive appraisal, and amygdala reactivity. Forty‐five healthy never‐depressed subjects were presented with emotional stimuli and performed two cognitive tasks: a self‐referential task and an emotion‐labeling task. Life‐stress exposure was measured through a semistructured interview. First, there was a genotype × condition interaction in the right amygdala: short allele carriers displayed increased amygdala activation and decreased functional connectivity with the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in self‐referential processing versus emotion labeling. Second, in line with our hypothesis, there was a genotype × condition × stress interaction in bilateral amygdala the amygdala activation during self‐referential processing was negatively correlated with self‐reported life stress in short allele carriers and positively in individuals homozygous for the long allele, whereas an opposite pattern was observed during emotion labeling. These results confirm that the influence of the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism on amygdala reactivity is at least partially under cognitive control. Additionally, they suggest that measuring life stress exposure is a critical step when imaging genetics. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Has global competition changed US export pricing?
Authors: Ceglowski Janet 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the behaviour of aggregate US export prices over the period from the early 1980s through 2007. It finds significant parameter instability in a number of the export price equations, much of it consistent with a growing role of international factors in US export pricing. In the capital goods sector, the instability is traced to increases in the exchange rate responsiveness of export prices. The increase in the export price response of capital goods to the exchange rate is not unique to the US and may reflect intensified competition in the global market for machinery and transportation equipment. Even with these changes the exchange rate response of US export prices remains low, suggesting US exporters continue to pass through the bulk of exchange rate changes to the foreign‐currency prices of their goods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interferometric fiber optic sensors for biomedical applications of optoacoustic imaging
Authors: Lamela Horacio , Gallego Daniel , Gutierrez Rebeca , Oraevsky Alexander 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe present a non‐metallic interferometric silica optical fiber ultrasonic wideband sensor for optoacoustic imaging applications. The ultrasonic sensitivity of this sensor has been characterized over the frequency range from 1 to 10 MHz. A comparative analysis has been carried out between this sensor and an array of piezoelectric transducers using optoacoustic signals generated from an optical absorbent embedded in a tissue mimicking phantom. Also, a two dimensional reconstructed image of the phantom using the fiber interferometric sensor is presented and compared to the image obtained using the Laser Optoacoustic Imaging System, LOIS‐64B. The feasibility of our fiber optic based sensor for wideband ultrasonic detection is demonstrated. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of retinoic acid receptor inhibitor LE135 on the osteochondral differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Zhen , Yao Shan‐Jing , Alini Mauro , Stoddart Martin J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the role of a retinoic acid receptor‐β (RARβ) inhibitor LE135 on TGF‐β induced chondrogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Pellet culture with exogenous transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), and a mechanically loaded scaffold system were used to provide two culture models. All samples were cultured for 8 days and changes in early gene expression were determined. Glycosaminoglycan and mRNA expression data showed that LE135 itself did not induce any chondrogenic response in either pellet culture or scaffold culture of hMSCs. LE135 actually inhibited the chondrogenic response caused by exogenous TGF‐β, or endogenous TGF‐β induced by mechanical load, while the expression of genes normally associated with osteogenesis was not affected. This suggests that the inhibitor LE135 affects the osteochondral differentiation pathway at a different stage, inhibiting chondrogenic gene expression while having no effect on genes normally associated with the osteogenic phenotype. Alternatively, it might be that different cells were proceeding down different lineages. Some cells were undergoing chondrogenesis and this was affected by LE135, while other cells underwent osteogenic differentiation and were not affected by LE135. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 963–970, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustained delivery of transforming growth factor beta three enhances tendon‐to‐bone healing in a rat model
Authors: Manning Cionne N. , Kim H. Mike. , Sakiyama‐Elbert Shelly , Galatz Leesa M. , Havlioglu Necat , Thomopoulos Stavros 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDespite advances in surgical technique, rotator cuff repairs are plagued by a high rate of failure. This failure rate is in part due to poor tendon‐to‐bone healing; rather than regeneration of a fibrocartilaginous attachment, the repair is filled with disorganized fibrovascular (scar) tissue. Transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF‐β3) has been implicated in fetal development and scarless fetal healing and, thus, exogenous addition of TGF‐β3 may enhance tendon‐to‐bone healing. We hypothesized that: TGF‐β3 could be released in a controlled manner using a heparin/fibrin‐based delivery system (HBDS); and delivery of TGF‐β3 at the healing tendon‐to‐bone insertion would lead to improvements in biomechanical properties compared to untreated controls. After demonstrating that the release kinetics of TGF‐β3 could be controlled using a HBDS in vitro, matrices were incorporated at the repaired supraspinatus tendon‐to‐bone insertions of rats. Animals were sacrificed at 14–56 days. Repaired insertions were assessed using histology (for inflammation, vascularity, and cell proliferation) and biomechanics (for structural and mechanical properties). TGF‐β3 treatment in vivo accelerated the healing process, with increases in inflammation, cellularity, vascularity, and cell proliferation at the early timepoints. Moreover, sustained delivery of TGF‐β3 to the healing tendon‐to‐bone insertion led to significant improvements in structural properties at 28 days and in material properties at 56 days compared to controls. We concluded that TGF‐β3 delivered at a sustained rate using a HBDS enhanced tendon‐to‐bone healing in a rat model. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1099–1105, 2011
Inhibition of mTOR signaling by oleanolic acid contributes to its anti‐tumor activity in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Zhou Rongping , Zhang Zhongmin , Zhao Li , Jia Chunhong , Xu Song , Mai Qiguang , Lu Ming , Huang Mingjun , Wang Liang , Wang Xiaokai , Jin Dadi , Bai Xiaochun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid exhibits potent anti‐tumor activity against many tumor cell lines. But the mechanisms through which OA inhibits osteosarcoma cells are not known. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) serves as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism by integrating intracellular and extracellular signals. In this study, we examined effects of OA on proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells, and involvement of mTOR signaling in this process. OA inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation, induced G1 arrest in osteosarcoma MG63 and Saos‐2 cells dose and time dependently. The protein level of cyclin D1, which plays critical role in G1 to S phase transition and servers as a downstream target of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) was down‐regulated by OA. Phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (p70 S6K1) (T389) and S6 (S235/236), mediators of mTORC1 signaling in controlling protein translation and cell growth, was also inhibited by OA. Furthermore, OA inhibited phosphorylation of Akt, a pro‐survival factor and substrate for mTORC2. Inactivation of Akt correlated with pro‐apoptotic role of OA in osteosarcoma cells, as manifested by an increase in annexin V‐FITC binding, cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activation of caspases 3. Our results suggest that OA is a promising agent for treatment of osteosarcoma and mTOR signaling may contribute to its anti‐tumor effects on osteosarcoma cells. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:846–852
Biceps tendon properties worsen initially but improve over time following rotator cuff tears in a rat model
Authors: Peltz Cathryn D. , Hsu Jason E. , Zgonis Miltiadis H. , Trasolini Nicholas A. , Glaser David L. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDamage to the biceps tendon is often seen in conjunction with rotator cuff tears. However, controversy exists regarding its role in the shoulder and its optimal treatment. A previous study determined that biceps tendons were detrimentally affected in the presence of rotator cuff tears in the rat model and this damage worsened over time. However, whether this damage progresses at later time points to provide a chronic model is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in the biceps tendon in the presence of a cuff tear over time. Our hypothesis was that histological, compositional, organizational, and mechanical properties would worsen with time. We detached the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons of 48 rats and evaluated these properties at 1, 4, 8, and 16 weeks postdetachment. Properties worsened through 8 weeks, but improved between 8 and 16 weeks. We therefore conclude that biceps tendon changes in this model are not truly chronic. Additionally, it has been shown that infraspinatus properties in this model return to normal by 16 weeks, when biceps properties improve, indicating that earlier repair of one or more of the rotator cuff tendons may lead to resolved pathology of the long head of the biceps tendon. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:874–879
Analytical and semi‐preparative HPLC enantioseparation of novel pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one derivatives with α‐aminophosphonate moiety using immobilized polysaccharide chiral stationary phases
Authors: Zhang Yuping , Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhou Jun , Song Baoan , Bhadury Pinaki S. , Hu Deyu , Yang Song 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe direct HPLC enantioseparation of a novel series of chiral pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one derivatives with α‐aminophosphonate moiety was performed on two immobilized polysaccharide chiral stationary phases (Chiralpak IA, Chiralpak IC) using n‐hexane (n‐Hex)/dichloromethane (DCM) mobile phase with 5% alcohol additive. Good baseline separation of the enantiomers was achieved using amylose tris‐(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phases (Chiralpak IA) on analytical scale. The analytical method was further scaled up to semi‐preparative loading to obtain small amounts of both the enantiomers of pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one derivative. The semi‐preparative resolution of all compounds was successfully achieved with n‐hexane/dichloromethane/ethanol (EtOH) as mobile phase using a semi‐preparative Chiralpak IA column. The first fractions were isolated with purities of >99.9% (enantiomeric excess (e.e.), and the second fractions were obtained with purities of >98.2% (enantiomeric excess). The assignment of the absolute configuration was established for the F1 fraction of compound a‐2 by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method.
Microwave‐assisted extraction and determination of cyanuric acid residue in pet food samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Han Chao , Zhou Yongfang , Xia Biqi , Zhu Zhenou , Liu Cuiping , Shen Yan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCyanuric acid (CYA) is attracting more attention due to its potential toxicity. In the present work, microwave‐assisted extraction method in combination with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was proposed for the determination of CYA in pet food samples. Among different solvents, diethylamine–acetonitrile–water mixture (1:5:4, v/v) was found to be the best one as the extractant due to the strong polarity of CYA in the pet food. An internal standard, 13C3‐labeled CYA, was used in the extractions. The separation was performed on a MERCK ZIC HILIC column (150 mm×2.1 mm id, 5 μm) with gradient elution of 20 mM ammonium acetate solution–acetonitrile. CYA was well retained (Rt=5.10 min) and eluted with good peak shape. The method could respond linearly with CYA at concentrations from 1.0 to 50 ng/mL with a quantification limit of 0.25 mg/kg. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was less than 4.0% and the recovery of the assay was in the range of 90.4–108.1%. In the analysis of practical spiked pet food samples, the new method yielded satisfactory results. Due to its simplicity and accuracy the straightforward method is particularly suitable for routine CYA detection.
Chiral HPLC separation and absolute configuration assignment of a series of new triazole compounds
Authors: Lv Chunguang , Zhou Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA series of novel chiral triazole compounds were synthesized. They were separated into enantiomers by liquid chromatography on an amylose tris(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate) (ADMPC) chiral stationary phase (CSP). The absolute configuration of each enantiomer of the investigated compounds was established by combined use of chemical correlation, chiral HPLC and circular dichroism (CD) spectra analysis methods. The influence of the mobile‐phase modifiers and the structure of chiral triazole compounds on the chiral separation and retention were investigated. Reversal of the elution order of some enantiomeric pairs upon using different mobile‐phase modifier was observed. The temperature effect on the chiral separation and the thermodynamic properties including enthalpy and entropy change of binding to the ADMPC‐CSP were also investigated.
Does laser type impact myocardial function following transmyocardial laser revascularization?
Authors: Estvold Soren K. , Mordini Frederico , Zhou Yifu , Yu Zu X. , Sachdev Vandana , Arai Andrew , Horvath Keith A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundTransmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) is currently clinically performed with either a CO2 or Ho:YAG laser for the treatment of severe angina. While both lasers provide symptomatic relief, there are significant differences in the laser–tissue interactions specific to each device that may impact their ability to enhance the perfusion of myocardium and thereby improve contractile function of the ischemic heart.MethodsA porcine model of chronic myocardial ischemia was employed. After collecting baseline functional data with cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dobutamine stress echo (DSE), 14 animals underwent TMR with either a CO2 or Ho:YAG laser. Transmural channels were created with each laser in a distribution of 1/cm2 in the ischemic zone. Six weeks post‐treatment repeat MRI as well as DSE were obtained after which the animals were sacrificed. Histology was preformed to characterize the laser–tissue interaction.ResultsCO2 TMR led to improvement in wall thickening in the ischemic area as seen with cine MRI (40.3% vs. baseline, P < 0.05) and DSE (20.2% increase vs. baseline, P < 0.05). Ho:YAG treated animals had no improvement in wall thickening by MRI (−11.6% vs. baseline, P = .67) and DSE (−16.7% vs. baseline, P = 0.08). Correlative semi‐quantitative histology revealed a significantly higher fibrosis index in Ho:YAG treated myocardium versus CO2 (1.81 vs. 0.083, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIn a side‐by‐side comparison CO2 TMR resulted in improved function of ischemic myocardium as assessed by MRI and echocardiography. Ho:YAG TMR led to no improvement in regional function likely due to concomitant increase in fibrosis in the lasered area. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:906–911, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non‐sex specific genes associated with the secondary mitotic period of primordial germ cell proliferation in the gonads of embryonic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Nagler James J. , Cavileer Tim , Hunter Sam , Drew Robert , Okutsu Tomoyuki , Sakamoto Takashi , Yoshizaki Goro 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to quantify the secondary proliferation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in both sexes of rainbow trout, determine if a sex difference in the timing of PGC proliferation and eventual pre‐meiotic number exists, and use microarray data collected during this period to identify genes that are associated with PGC mitosis. The experiments used vasa‐green fluorescent protein (vasa‐GFP) transgenic rainbow trout of known genetic sex that allowed for the identification and collection of PGCs in vivo. An increase was observed in the number of PGCs counted in the gonads of both female and male embryonic vasa‐GFP rainbow trout, from 300 to 700° days (water temperature in °C × days post‐fertilization). For both sexes, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in the PGC number was first noted at either 350 or 400° days of development. By 700° days, a 20–50‐fold increase in germ cell number was apparent. No sex‐specific differences in the timing of PGC proliferation or number were notable in any of the families until 700° days. In conjunction, a custom microarray based on cDNA libraries from embryonic rainbow trout gonads was used to identify genes involved in PGC mitosis. Five genes were discovered: guanine nucleotide binding protein, integral membrane protein 2B, transmembrane protein 47, C‐src tyrosine‐protein kinase, and the decorin precursor protein. All the genes identified have not been previously associated with germ cell mitosis, but are known to be involved with the cell plasma membrane and/or cell signaling pathways. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:181–187, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.