bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: Impact of Blinded Parent-Proxy Ratings on Outcome
Authors: Wallen Margaret A. , Ziviani Jenny M. 
Published: February 2012

Background. There is potential for unintended effects on intervention outcome when using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) in intervention studies. Purpose. To determine the effect of blinded parent-proxy ratings of the COPM on outcomes at later endpoints. Methods. Data were drawn from a randomized trial of 50 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy aged 19 months to seven years. Outcomes were measured at baseline, post-intervention, and six months. Parents of 36 children were randomly allocated to complete six-month COPM proxy ratings blinded or unblinded to previous ratings. A group of 32 parents rated the six-month COPM blinded and then re-rated it after access to previous ratings. Findings. There was no statistically significant difference in ratings between those completing the COPM blinded compared to unblinded. Implications. The COPM should continue to be rated blinded at post-intervention endpoints in the absence of further research to the contrary.
Problem-Solving Strategies of Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Lyons Kathleen D. , Erickson Kelly S. , Hegel Mark T. 
Published: February 2012

Background. Many women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer experience side effects that make it difficult to perform daily occupations. Purpose. To summarize the types of challenges, goals, and adaptive strategies identified by women with stage 1–3 breast cancer participating in a pilot study of Problem-solving Treatment-Occupational Therapy (PST-OT). Methods. Content analysis of 80 PST-OT sessions. Findings. Women addressed 11 types of challenging activities, with exercise and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) being the most common. Most women set a goal to adapt a current activity, but also set goals to find a new activity, plan the steps of a current activity, or gather information about a possible activity change in the future. The adaptive strategies generated by the women were grouped into five types. Most often they found ways to add a new step to an activity, but they also brainstormed about when, how, where, and with whom they could do activities.
“Support for Everyone”: Experiences of Occupational Therapists Delivering a New Model of School-Based Service
Authors: Campbell Wenonah N. , Missiuna Cheryl A. , Rivard Lisa M. , Pollock Nancy A. 
Published: February 2012

Background. Occupational therapists working in school health have recognized the need to move away from a one-to-one direct service delivery model towards a more collaborative, classroom-based approach. Partnering for Change (P4C) is an innovative service delivery model that may enhance school-based collaborative care. Purpose. To capture the experiences of occupational therapists implementing P4C and to elicit their perspectives about how this model differs from the direct service approach. Methods. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with seven therapists who had delivered P4C in 10 Ontario schools. Thematic analysis was utilized with themes verified through member checking. Findings. Five themes (a year of growth, becoming a community, the key ingredients of P4C, a balancing act, and providing services that make an impact) reflected therapists' personal and professional growth, aspects of the model they believed were key, challenges they encountered, and the impact they felt they had made. Implications. Partnering for Change has the potential to transform school-based occupational therapy and overcome existing barriers to collaboration. This model also may better address the needs of children with motor coordination difficulties.
Numerical correction of X-ray detector backlighting
Authors: Lange Axel , Hentschel Manfred P. , Kupsch Andreas , Müller Bernd R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA novel approach to strongly suppress artifacts in radiography and computed tomography caused by the effect of diffuse background signals (“backlighting”) of 2D X-ray detectors is suggested. Depending on the detector geometry the mechanism may be different, either based on the optical scattering by the fluorescent screen materials into optical detection devices or Compton or X-ray fluorescence scattering by the detector components. Consequently, these erroneous intensity portions result in locally different violations of Lambert–Beer's law in single projections (radiographs).When used as input data for computed tomography these violations are directly observed via modulation of the projected mass as a function of the rotation phase and the sample's aspect ratio (dynamics). The magnitude of the diffuse background signal depends on the detector area covered by the projected sample. They are more pronounced the smaller the shadowed area and the stronger the total attenuation. This implies that the reconstruction suffers from additional anisotropic artifacts caused by elongated sample structures.This issue is studied simply by absorption of flat plates in a conventional laboratory radiography set-up and at a synchrotron radiation facility. In the latter case beam hardening artifacts can be excluded due to the monochromatic radiation. The proposed correction procedure requires simple integral intensity offsets as a constant (non-local) light scattering mechanism is assumed.
Three-dimensional morphology and mechanics of bone scaffolds fabricated by rapid prototyping
Authors: Yoon Jin Yu Simon , Deyhle Hans , Gbureck Uwe , Vorndran Elke , Beckmann Felix , Müller Bert 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAlpha-beta-tri-calcium phosphate is a promising biomaterial to fabricate scaffolds for the reconstruction of osseous defects. In the present study, we demonstrate that three-dimensional printing allows tailoring the porosity and the mechanical properties of nature-analogue designed scaffolds. Sophisticated software tools applied to the acquired tomography data were used to characterize the printing quality and the porosity by means of the distance transform, the radial density distribution and the accessibility by virtual spheres. Analyzing the stress – strain curves of the scaffolds, the Young's modulus and the ultimate compressive strength were obtained. To reach mechanical properties comparable to those of jaw bone, the scaffolds were treated with phosphoric acid. Depending on the design, the compressive strength of the bone scaffolds lies between 30 and 60 MPa and their Young's modulus is between 50 and 140 MPa. Hence, prototypes for clinical trials can be fabricated in near future.
Damage fluctuations in creep deformed copper studied with synchrotron X-ray microtomography
Authors: Abbasi Ramin , Renversade Loic , Dzieciol Krzysztof , Borbély András , Kaysser-Pyzalla Anke R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDamage localization during power law creep of copper has been investigated in situ with synchrotron X-ray microtomography. The analysis of the area fraction of cavities corresponding to a given material slice has revealed that damage localization begins relatively early at half of the creep lifetime. The amplitude of the maximum fluctuation shows parabolic behavior as a function of mean void volume fraction. Existing models of damage evolution underpredict the amount of real damage and overpredict power-law creep life-time.
3D imaging of complex materials: the case of cement
Authors: Artioli Gilberto , Chiara Dalconi Maria , Parisatto Matteo , Valentini Luca , Voltolini Marco , Ferrari Giorgio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAbsorption-based X-ray micro-tomography (X-μCT) provides fundamental in-situ information on the 3D microstructure of complex multiphase materials such as cements. However, since the phases present in a hydrating cement paste may be characterized by similar values of the attenuation coefficient, leading to low absorption contrast between different crystalline or amorphous phases, micro-structural interpretation can be equivocal. 3D phase mapping by X-ray diffraction micro-tomography proved to be a successful technique for investigating the spatial distribution of the products in the paste during the hydration process, in a totally non-invasive mode and with enhanced phase selectivity compared to absorption tomography. Phase-selective maps, in the case of crystalline phases, can be extracted from single Bragg peaks or from the Rietveld-refined scale factor. However, even poorly crystalline and/or amorphous phases present in the cement paste, such as calcium silicate hydrates, can be successfully mapped by the use of selected portions of the measured powder data containing the relevant scattering of the phase. The reconstructed maps can be directly modeled by multifractal analysis and compared with computer-generated distributions.
Synchrotron and neutron laminography for three-dimensional imaging of devices and flat material specimens
Authors: Helfen Lukas , Morgeneyer Thilo F. , Xu Feng , Mavrogordato Mark N. , Sinclair Ian , Schillinger Burkhard , Baumbach Tilo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractComputed laminography has been introduced to synchrotron and neutron imaging set-ups to complement computed tomography for three-dimensional imaging of laterally extended (i. e. plate-like) specimens. The wide application field of computed laminography due to different contrast modes (X-ray or neutron absorption and X-ray phase contrast) and spatial resolutions ranging from some 100 down to approximately 0.5 μm is demonstrated. Selected examples from device inspection and from materials science are reported. They outline the interest of the method for non-destructive and in-situ measurements of regions of interest in large planar specimens where engineering-relevant boundary conditions have to be met. With a materials science background, the in-situ investigation of crack propagation in aluminium sheets and carbon-fibre composite panels under mechanical loading is reported.
Neutron strain tomography using Bragg-edge transmission
Authors: Abbey Brian , Zhang Shu Yan , Xie Mengyin , Song Xu , Korsunsky Alexander M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPredicting the fatigue lifetime of components relies on a knowledge of the residual elastic strain present throughout the bulk of the material. Non-destructively mapping the complete strain distribution throughout large volumes presents significant practical challenges. Recently a technique known as Bragg-edge neutron transmission has been developed as a means of non-destructive bulk elastic strain evaluation. Whilst conventional radiography measures the integral absorption, Bragg-edge neutron transmission probes the average strain along the incident beam direction. A “strain radiogram” is thus a two-dimensional average projection of the strain within the sample. Here we demonstrate how strain radiograms can be used for “neutron strain tomography” and we present and contrast two different approaches to the problem of characterising spatially resolved elastic strains.
Identification of Breast Cancer Prognosis Markers Using Integrative Sparse Boosting
Authors: Huang J. , Xie Y. , Yi N. , Ma S. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryObjectives: In breast cancer research, it is important to identify genomic markers associated with prognosis. Multiple microarray gene expression profiling studies have been conducted, searching for prognosis markers. Genomic markers identified from the analysis of single datasets often suffer a lack of reproducibility because of small sample sizes. Integrative analysis of data from multiple independent studies has a larger sample size and may provide a cost-effective solution.Methods: We collect four breast cancer prognosis studies with gene expression measurements. An accelerated failure time (AFT) model with an unknown error distribution is adopted to describe survival. An integrative sparse boosting approach is employed for marker selection. The proposed model and boosting approach can effectively accommodate heterogeneity across multiple studies and identify genes with consistent effects.Results: Simulation study shows that the proposed approach outperforms alternatives including meta-analysis and intensity approaches by identifying the majority or all of the true positives, while having a low false positive rate. In the analysis of breast cancer data, 44 genes are identified as associated with prognosis. Many of the identified genes have been previously suggested as associated with tumorigenesis and cancer prognosis. The identified genes and corresponding predicted risk scores differ from those using alternative approaches. Monte Carlo-based prediction evaluation suggests that the proposed approach has the best prediction performance.Conclusions: Integrative analysis may provide an effective way of identifying breast cancer prognosis markers. Markers identified using the integrative sparse boosting analysis have sound biological implications and satisfactory prediction performance.
Hospital Cost of Treating Early Dislocation following Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: de Palma Luigi , Procaccini Roberto , Soccetti Andrea , Marinelli Mario 
Published: February 2012

Dislocation is a frequent and costly complication of hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to assess the financial impact on the treating institution of this complication in patients with primary hemiarthroplasty (HA), total hip arthroplasty (THA) and revision surgery (RTHA). Between October 2001 and August 2009, 2014 consecutive hip arthroplasties were performed at our institution, of which 87 (18 HA, 44 THA and 25 RTHA) dislocated within 6 weeks of the primary operation. The average cost of treating implant dislocation by closed reduction, open reduction or revision was assessed and expressed as a percentage cost increase compared to an uncomplicated procedure. Of the 87 dislocated implants all needed one or more closed reductions and 52 eventually required revision surgery. An early dislocation increased the cost of HA, THA and RTHA by 472%, 342% and 352%, respectively.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Quinolones in Water and Human Urine Samples After Microextraction by Packed Sorbent
Authors: Rani Susheela , Kumar Ashwini , Malik Ashok Kumar , Singh Baldev 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A method for the simultaneous determination of quinolones in water and urine samples by microextraction in a sorbent-packed syringe (MEPS) with LC is described. MEPS is a new miniaturized SPE technique that can be used with chromatographic instruments without any modifications. In MEPS, approximately 1 mg of the solid packing material is inserted into a syringe (100–250 μL) as a plug. Sample preparation takes place on the packed bed. The new method is promising, easy to use, economical, and rapid. The determination of quinolones in groundwater and urine was performed using MEPS as a sample preparation method with LC-UV determination. Four quinolone antibiotics—enrofloxacin, enoxacin, danofloxacin, and nalidixic acid—in groundwater and urine samples were used as analytes. The extraction recovery was found to be between 64.9 and 98.9%. The results showed high correlation coefficients (R2 &gt; 0.992) for all of the analytes within the calibration range. The LOQ was between 0.091 and 0.315 ng/mL.
Multiplex, Construct-Specific, and Real-Time PCR-Based Analytical Methods for Bt Rice with cry1Ac Gene
Authors: Randhawa Gurinder Jit , Singh Monika 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative analytical methods based on PCR for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice hybrid, namely, MRP 5401 Bt expressing a modified version of the Bt cry1Ac gene, are reported here. Multiplex PCR assays were developed to target the cry1Ac transgene, Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, Agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase (nos) terminator, the neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) marker gene, and an endogenous α-tubulin (TubA) gene in Bt rice. The 3.178 kb region of inserted gene construct comprising the region of the CaMV 35S promoter and cry1Ac gene was amplified, and the construct integrity was confirmed by the nested PCR. The LOD for cry1Ac gene-specific simplex PCR was 0.01%, as established using Bt rice DNA dilutions with 100, 10, 1.0, 0.1, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001% genetically modified trait. A real-time PCR assay was also developed to quantify the cry1Ac gene. The method performance of the reported real-time PCR assay was in line with the acceptance criteria of Codex Alimentarius Commission ALINORM 10/33/23, with LOD and LOQ values of 0.05%. The reliable PCR assays prior to commercial release of Bt rice would facilitate efficient regulatory compliance for identification of genetic trait, labeling requirements, and effective risk assessment and management. They could also address consumers' concerns and legal disputes that may arise.
Enumeration Methods and Production of Enterotoxins in Food-Derived Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhang Deqin , Yang Jun , Zhou Jungui , Hu Qilong , Ling Rui , Dong Mingsheng 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide; it results from the ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in food, mainly Staphylococcus aureus. This study investigated the statistical relationships among morphological enumerations of food-derived S. aureus and production of SEs using different methodologies. Food samples naturally contaminated with coagulase-positive S. aureus were submitted for enumeration on Baird-Parker (BP) agar, Rabbit Plasma Fibrinogen agar (RPFA), and PetrifilmTM Staph Express count system (STX), and the morphologically typical colonies were isolated for VIDAS and real-time (RT) PCR tests. RPFA and STX displayed better performance for the enumeration of SE-positive S. aureus when compared with BP, including higher frequencies of SE-positive isolates and better correlation indices between typical and SE-positive counts. Among all the evaluated culture media, no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) was shown on the frequencies of typical colonies that carried 11 individual se genes. In addition, results for SE identification between VIDAS and RT-PCR assay were unparalleled. These data will be valuable for the selection of methods for inspection of food-derived S. aureus.
Refinement of AOAC Official MethodSM 2005.06 Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence Detection Method to Improve Performance Characteristics for the Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in King and Queen Scallops
Authors: Turner Andrew D , Hatfield Robert G 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
AOAC Official MethodSM 2005.06 LC-fluorescence detection (FLD) method is an official alternative to the mouse bioassay for the determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in bivalve shellfish. To validate the method for species of relevance to the UK official control monitoring program, the method performance characteristics were tested for whole king and queen scallops. Validation showed that, while the performance was generally acceptable for the quantitation of non-N-hydroxylated toxins, poor toxin recovery and sensitivity was evident for the analysis of N-hydroxylated toxins following periodate oxidation. These effects occurred in a range of scallop samples with variable temporal and spatial sources. The effects were also noted in other laboratories following a small interlaboratory study. As a result, the method was refined to improve the recovery and sensitivity of analysis following the periodate oxidation step in the PSP method for scallops. Performance improved through alterations to the preparation of the periodate oxidant, use of higher volumes for C18 cleanup, and injection volumes in combination with the use of a king scallop matrix modifier for oxidation of N-hydroxylated toxin calibration standards. A single-laboratory validation of the refined method showed that the selectivity, linearity, sensitivity, recovery, and precision were acceptable and similar to values reported previously for AOAC Official Method 2005.06 in other bivalve species. Results showed the method to be rugged for all parameters investigated, including small changes to the composition of the new periodate reagent utilized in the refined method. The refined scallops LC method was subsequently compared with the European reference method. PSP-positive scallops showed an excellent agreement between the methods for queen and Atlantic scallops, with a small level of positive bias in the LC results for whole king scallops. These differences were related solely to the use of the highest toxicity equivalence factors for toxin epimeric pairs, with gonyautoxin (GTX)1,4 and GTX2,3 in particular present at high concentrations in the king scallops. Overall, the refined LC-FLD method improved the performance characteristics of AOAC Official Method 2005.06 for the determination of PSP toxins in whole king and queen scallops, and showed a good overall agreement between the official methodologies. It is, therefore, recommended as a more appropriate option for the routine monitoring of PSP toxins in these species.
Unfalsified adaptive control: Controller switching algorithms for nonmonotone cost functions
Authors: Jin H. , Safonov M.G. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYController switching algorithms used for adaptive control are investigated. The concept of interfalsification, a generalization of the existing ϵ‐hysteresis algorithm, is defined; a new concept of self‐falsification is introduced, and the two concepts are compared. On the basis of the idea of self‐falsification, new controller switching algorithms are designed and two new convergence theorems are proved. These new results allow for removal of the assumption that the cost function associated with each controller be monotonically nondecreasing in time, thus opening the possibility of safe data‐driven adaptive control designs with fading‐memory cost functions. Theoretical analysis and simulations illustrate that the self‐falsification algorithms can also decrease insertions of destabilizing controllers and improve the transient properties. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive control strategy for wound rotor synchronous machines
Authors: El Magri A. , Giri F. , El Fadili A. , Chaoui F.Z. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the problem of controlling wound rotor synchronous motors in association with their power conversion components, i.e. AC/DC rectifiers and DC/AC inverters. Considering the whole association, ‘converter‐motor’ makes it possible to account, in addition to motor speed regulation, four other important control objectives such as power factor correction with respect to the supply net and DC link voltage regulation. To achieve these objectives, an adaptive control strategy is developed, based on a nonlinear model of the whole ‘converter‐motor’ association. Adaptation is motivated by the uncertain nature of some motor characteristics, especially the mechanical parameters. The closed‐loop system stability and performances are formally described using averaging theory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.