bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unvaccinated children in years of increasing coverage: how many and who are they? Evidence from 96 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Bosch‐Capblanch Xavier , Banerjee K. , Burton A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective  While childhood immunisation coverage levels have increased since the 70s, inequities in coverage between and within countries have been widely reported. Unvaccinated children remain undetected by routine monitoring systems and strikingly unreported. The objective of this study was to provide evidence on the magnitude of the problem and to describe predictors associated with non‐vaccination.Methods  Two hundred and forty‐one nationally representative household surveys in 96 countries were analysed. Proportions and changes in time of ‘unvaccinated’ (children having not received a single dose of vaccine), ‘partially vaccinated’ and ‘fully vaccinated’ children were estimated. Predictors of non‐vaccination were explored.Results  The percentage of unvaccinated children was 9.9% across all surveys. 66 countries had more than one survey: 38 showed statistically significant reductions in the proportion of unvaccinated children between the first and last survey, 10 countries showed increases and the rest showed no significant changes. However, while 18 of the 38 countries also improved in terms of partially and fully vaccinated, in the other 20 the proportion of fully vaccinated decreased. The predictors more strongly associated with being unvaccinated were education of the caregiver, education of caregiver’s partner, caregiver’s tetanus toxoid (TT) status, wealth index and type of family member participation in decision‐making when the child is ill. Multivariable logistic regression identified the TT status of the caregiver as the strongest predictors of unvaccinated children. Country‐specific summaries were produced and sent to countries.Conclusion  The number of unvaccinated children is not negligible and their proportion and the predictors of non‐vaccination have to be drawn from specific surveys. Specific vaccine indicators cannot properly describe the performance of immunisation programmes in certain situations. National immunisation programmes and national and international immunisation stakeholders should also consider monitoring the proportion of unvaccinated children (i.e. those who have received no vaccines at all) and draw specific plans on the determinants of non‐vaccination.
The dermatology hospitalist: creating value by rapid clinical pathologic correlation in a patient‐centered care model
Authors: el‐Azhary Rokea , Weenig Roger H. , Gibson Lawrence E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  The active and continuous presence of dermatologists in hospitals has undergone continued involution over the past two decades. Our patient‐centered, value‐based dermatology hospitalist model describes an efficient system for the integration of the dermatologist in the hospital treatment team.Methods  We describe five difficult inpatient cases to illustrate the value of dermatology intervention and clinical pathologic correlation in facilitating timely diagnosis and treatment.Results  Prompt specialty evaluation and clinicopathologic correlation by hospital dermatologists led to decreased morbidity and the avoidance of delay in initiating definitive treatment.Conclusions  Efficient evaluation and clinicopathologic correlation by dermatology hospitalists are essential to hospitals that provide comprehensive care. This value‐based model has the potential to produce better patient outcomes and greater satisfaction in both patients and other health care providers.
Comparison of Monsoonal change of water quality parameters between 1983 and 2008 in a tropical estuary in Northeastern India: role of phytoplankton and community metabolism
Authors: Dey Mitali , Chowdhury Chumki , Pattnaik Asim A. , Ganguly Dipnarayan , Mukhopadhyay Sandip K. , De Tarun K. , Jana Tapan K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOngoing climate change and anthropogenic activities are introducing stressors that affect the structure and function of coastal ecosystems. This paper focuses on the fluvial fluxes and estuarine transport of nutrients from a tropical river (Mahanadi River) in Northeastern India and compares select nutrient and water quality parameters between 1983 and 2008. This estuary acts as a perennial source of CO2 with a net annual flux to the atmosphere of about 135 tons. The non‐conservative fluxes showed a net annual removal of 650 and 140 tons of phosphorus and nitrogen from the water column, respectively. Negative biogeochemical feedbacks that decreased the availability of N and P in 2008 relative to 1983 levels indicate major changes in biogeochemical responses towards fluvial fluxes of nutrient.
Participation of mental health consumers in research: Training addressed and reliability assessed
Authors: Hancock Nicola , Bundy Anita , Tamsett Sally , McMahon Mark 
Published: May 2012

IntroductionA call for active inclusion of consumers in research; recognising and valuing the knowledge that arises through lived experience, is made in the literature. However, genuine inclusion of consumers as members of the research team remains rare. Opponents present two barriers: lack of required knowledge and skills and lack of capacity to conduct rigorous research.MethodsThis study involved a collaborative process to develop training materials for consumer researchers. Reliability of self‐report outcome data collected by five trained consumers was then examined.ResultsQuantitative results suggest that trained consumers can facilitate self‐report interviews to the high standard expected by the general research community.ConclusionsThis study provides both methods and resources to extend occupational therapy consumer‐centred practice into the realm of research.
Sucrose‐rich feeding during rat pregnancy‐lactation and/or after weaning alters glucose and lipid metabolism in adult offspring
Authors: D'Alessandro Maria E , Oliva Maria E , Ferreira Maria R , Selenscig Dante , Lombardo Yolanda B , Chicco Adriana 
Published: May 2012

Summary

Adverse fetal and early life environments predispose to the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood. The present study examined whether offspring of normal Wistar dams fed a high‐sucrose diet (SRD) developed impaired lipid and glucose homeostasis when fed a control diet (CD) after weaning. In addition, we investigated whether there were more pronounced derangements in lipid and glucose homeostasis when offspring of SRD‐fed Wistar were fed an SRD after weaning compared with those in offspring of CD‐fed dams weaned on an SRD.
During pregnancy and lactation, female rats were fed either an SRD or CD. After weaning, half the male offspring from both groups were fed a CD or SRD, up to 100 days of age (CD‐CD, CD‐SRD, SRD‐SRD and SRD‐CD groups).
Final bodyweight was similar between all groups, although offspring of SRD‐fed dams had lighter bodyweight at birth. Plasma lipid and glucose levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) without changes in insulin levels in the CD‐SRD, SRD‐SRD and SRD‐CD groups compared with the CD‐CD group. Dyslipidaemia in the CD‐SRD and SRD‐SRD groups resulted from increased secretion of very low‐density lipoprotein triacylglycerol, as well as decreased triacylglycerol (TAG) clearance that was associated with increased liver TAG content (P < 0.05) compared with the CD‐CD group. The hypertriglyceridaemia observed in the SRD‐CD group was mostly associated with decreased TAG clearance. Altered glucose and insulin tolerance were observed when the SRD was fed during any period of life.
These data support the hypothesis that early life exposure to SRD is associated with changes in lipid and glucose metabolism, leading to an unfavourable profile in adulthood, regardless of whether offspring consumed an SRD after weaning.
Adeno‐associated virus‐mediated gene delivery of the human ND4 complex I subunit in rabbit eyes
Authors: Shi Hui , Gao Jing , Pei Han , Liu Rong , Hu Wei‐kun , Wan Xin , Li Tao , Li Bin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  To assess intravitreal injection dose and safety of recombinant adeno‐associated virus‐mediated gene delivery of human NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) in rabbit eyes.Methods:  An open reading frame for human ND4 or adeno‐associated virus‐green fluorescent protein were fused to the mitochondrial targeting sequence and packed into separate adeno‐associated virus capsids. Rabbits of three treatment groups were administered 0.1 mL adeno‐associated virus‐ND4, 0.1 mL adeno‐associated virus‐green fluorescent protein or 0.1 mL vehicle via intravitreal injection, respectively. The safety of recombinant adenoassociated virus‐mediated gene delivery of human ND4 in rabbit eyes was assessed with a slit‐lamp microscope and direct ophthalmoscope, measurements of intraocular pressure and flash visual evoked potential, and optical coherence tomography. The mRNA and protein expressions of human ND4 in the retina of rabbits were determined with real‐time polymer chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence and Western blot.Results:  No complications occurred in any of the three treatment groups after the intravitreal injection. At 1‐month post‐injection, no significant difference in the mean thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer was found among the three groups. Results of the visual evoked potential test showed that there was no difference in the latency of the visual P100 wave among the three groups. Real‐time PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses verified the expressions of ND4 and green fluorescent protein in the retinal nerve fibre layer.Conclusions:  Intravitreal injection of adeno‐associated virus‐ND4 expression vectors was effectively and safely performed in our study. The data on the dose and method of intravitreal injection from our study will provide a valuable reference for clinical intravitreal injection of adeno‐associated virus‐ND4 for the treatment of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
Management of a Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome in pregnant women with mega‐cisterna magna and splenic and vulvar varices at birth: A case report
Authors: Atis Alev , Ozdemir Gunseli , Tuncer Gulden , Cetincelik Umran , Goker Nimet , Ozsoy Sibel 
Published: May 2012

AbstractKlippel–Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is a rare, sporadic and complex malformation characterized by the clinical triad of: (i) capillary malformation (port‐wine stain); (ii) soft tissue and bone hypertrophy or occasionally, hypertrophy of one lower limb; and (iii) atypical lateral varicosity. The maternal and fetal risks associated with pregnancy in women with KTS are proportional to disease severity, which can be exacerbated by pregnancy. Complications include bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thromboembolic events and pain. Here, we report the case of a pregnant woman with KTS who had an uneventful pregnancy, labor and postpartum course, but had splenic and large vulvar vein varices. The obstetrical course of women with KTS varies. Management is largely conservative and multidisciplinary approaches form the mainstay for managing these patients based on their symptoms.
Adjunctive rectal misoprostol versus oxytocin infusion for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in women at risk: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Badejoko Olusegun O. , Ijarotimi Adebimpe O. , Awowole Ibraheem O. , Loto Olabisi M. , Badejoko Bolaji O. , Olaiya Dare S. , Fatusi Adesegun O. , Kuti Oluwafemi , Orji Ernest O. , Ogunniyi Solomon O. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive rectal misoprostol compared to oxytocin infusion in the prevention of primary postpartum hemorrhage after routine active management of the third stage of labor in women with identifiable risk factors for uterine atony.Material and Methods:  A double‐blind randomized controlled trial was carried out at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile‐Ife, Nigeria. A total of 264 parturients with known risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage were randomized to receive either rectal misoprostol (600 µg; n = 132) or oxytocin infusion (20 IU in 500 mL; n = 132) after routine active management of the third stage of labor. Intrapartum blood loss was measured using a combination of the BRASSS‐V calibrated drapes and differential pad weighing. Hematocrit was measured intrapartum and 24 h postpartum.Results:  There was no significant difference (P = 0.07) in the mean intrapartum blood loss between the misoprostol (387.28 ± 203.09 mL) and oxytocin (386.73 ± 298.51 mL) groups. There was also no difference in the requirement for additional intervention for uterine atony (P = 0.74). Postpartum hematocrit drop and blood transfusion were, however, significantly less in the misoprostol group.Conclusion:  Rectal misoprostol is as effective as oxytocin infusion as an adjunct for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in women with risk factors for uterine atony and is associated with a lower hematocrit drop and blood transfusion postpartum. However, shivering, pyrexia and vomiting are more frequent with misoprostol, though usually self‐limited.
Sex‐hormone‐binding globulin early in pregnancy for the prediction of severe gestational diabetes mellitus and related complications
Authors: Caglar Gamze S. , Ozdemir Elif D. U. , Cengiz Sevim D. , Demirtaş Selda 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAims:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of sex‐hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to clarify the association between SHBG levels and GDM complications/medication requirements.Material and Methods:  Among the participants (n = 93) who provided blood samples between 13 and 16 weeks' gestation, 30 cases subsequently developed GDM. Complications and medical interventions were noted. The best cut‐off point of SHBG and diagnostic performance were calculated.Results:  The mean age was 28.45 ± 5.0 years. SHBG levels were lower in the GDM group (n = 30) when compared with non‐GDM (n = 63) cases (<0.01). Among the GDM women, SHBG was lower in the insulin therapy group (n = 15) compared with medical nutritional therapy alone (n = 15) (P < 0.01). A good predictive accuracy of SHBG was found for GDM requiring insulin therapy (area under the curve: 0.866, 95% confidence interval: 0.773–0.959). An SHBG threshold for 97.47 nmol/L had a sensitivity of 80.0%, specificity 84.6%, positive predictive value 50.0% and negative predictive value 95.7%. The calculated odds ratio for SHBG < 97.47 nmol/L was 12.346 (95% confidence interval: 1.786–83.33).Conclusions:  SHBG is valuable for screening women early in pregnancy for GDM risk; however, a standard assay for analyses and a threshold level of serum SHBG for a constant gestational week has to be determined.
Ultrasonographic and hysteroscopic outcomes of uterine scar healing after cesarean section: Comparison of two types of single‐layer suture
Authors: Ceci Oronzo , Cantatore Clementina , Scioscia Marco , Nardelli Claudia , Ravi Mini , Vimercati Antonella , Bettocchi Stefano 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  A common anatomical consequence of low‐segment cesarean section is the presence of a pouch on the anterior uterine wall that can be detected by sonography or hysteroscopy. Different suturing techniques have been compared (single vs double layer) and showed no substantial differences. This prospective longitudinal study was aimed at evaluating the outcome of the cesarean scar, comparing two different types of single‐layer sutures by transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy.Material and Methods:  The study sample consisted of two groups of 30 singleton primiparae at term who delivered by elective low segment cesarean section. In the first group, uterine closure was done with locked continuous single‐layer sutures and in the second group, with single‐layer interrupted sutures. Patients were assessed by transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy, between the 6th and the 12th month after delivery, and again at the 24th month. Ultrasound measurements were made of the pouch area, if present.Results:  A bell‐shaped uterine wall defect was seen at ultrasound in 36 (85.71%) of 42 patients who completed the follow up at the 24th month. It was larger in the group of patients with closure by continuous sutures (6.2 [2.1–14.7] mm2) as compared to interrupted sutures (4.6 [1.9–8.2] mm2, P = 0.03). Hysteroscopy confirmed the presence of the wall defect in all 36 cases, but different hysteroscopic outcomes were observed.Conclusion:  Locked continuous sutures seem to cause a larger defect as compared to interrupted sutures, probably due to a greater ischemic effect exerted on the uterine tissue.
Efficacy of systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with non‐endometrioid endometrial cancers: A retrospective, multicenter study in Korea
Authors: Tong Seo‐Yun , Lee Jong‐Min , Choi Young‐Joon , Lee Jae‐Kwan , Kim Mi‐Kyung , Cho Chi‐Heum , Kim Seok‐Mo , Park Sang‐Yoon , Park Chan‐Yong , Kim Ki‐Tae 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  Non‐endometrioid endometrial cancer is a clinically and pathologically distinct subtype of endometrial cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy improves overall survival compared to no lymphadenectomy in non‐endometrioid endometrial cancer.Material and Methods:  The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and pathological findings of 112 patients who underwent surgical staging for non‐endometrioid endometrial cancer from 2000 to 2006 in Korea.Results:  Systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 71 patients. Pelvic lymph node metastases were identified in 31% and 14.6% patients who underwent systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy and no lymphadenectomy, respectively. After adjusting for risk factors, there was no significant difference in overall survival (odds ratio = 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–1.67) between patients who did or did not undergo systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy. On multivariate analysis, patients with lymph node metastasis had higher risk of death (odds ratio = 3.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.97–10.00) than the patients with no lymph node metastasis.Conclusion:  Although systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy did not affect overall survival in patients with the non‐endometrioid subtype, it has the potential benefit of providing prognostic information and acting as a guide for further adjuvant treatment.
Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary after long‐term use of tamoxifen and toremifene
Authors: Tanaka Tomohito , Kato Takashi , Ohmichi Masahide 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe relation between the use of tamoxifen and gynecologic tumors has been documented. In this case, a 58‐year‐old postmenopausal woman had been treated with tamoxifen for 5 years followed by toremifene for 1.5 years due to the presence of stage II estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer. The patient was found to have a stage Ic granulosa cell tumor of the ovary despite undergoing annual gynecologic examinations. This report presents a case of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary after the long‐term use of tamoxifen and toremifene.
The effect of temperature on the development and life cycle regulation of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis and the potential impacts of climate change
Authors: Inward Daegan J. G. , Wainhouse David , Peace Andrew 
Published: May 2012

The pine weevil Hylobius abietis is widely distributed in the Palaearctic region where it is a major pest. Although predominantly semi‐voltine, with a 2‐year life cycle, the generation time across its range can vary from 1 to 4 years. The duration of the life cycle and the seasonal timing of weevil activity affect the economic impact and management of this pest, all of which are likely to change in a warming climate.
To determine the effect of temperature and tree species on weevil growth and development, laboratory experiments were performed with eggs, larvae, prepupae, pupae and adults, using, as appropriate, the host species Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. and Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. under constant or alternating temperatures.
The development rate was linearly related to temperature, with developmental thresholds for eggs, larvae and pupae of 8, 4.5 and 7.3 °C, respectively. Day‐degrees were estimated for each life stage. Larval development was affected by tree species, being slower on Sitka spruce than on Scots pine, and was faster under alternating than constant temperatures.
The development time for prepupae was highly variable, with an apparent facultative prepupal diapause initiated by temperature. The temperature range 20–17.5 °C marked the transition between median prepupal development times of approximately 25 and 90 days. The prepupal stage may serve to minimize the risk of overwintering mortality in the pupal stage and help to synchronize the life cycle.
Larval and adult mass was positively related to developmental temperature, demonstrating an inverse temperature size rule, and weevils were heavier when developing on Scots pine than Sitka spruce. Development in alternating temperatures reduced weevil mass on Scots pine. The influence of temperature on weevil mass is likely to have a positive effect on fecundity and overwintering survival. The effects of climate change on development, voltinism and weevil mass are discussed.
Use of a combined slit‐lamp SD‐OCT to obtain anterior and posterior segment images in selected animal species
Authors: Rosolen Serge G. , Rivière Mei‐Lyn K. , Lavillegrand Sylvie , Gautier Barbara , Picaud Serge , LeGargasson Jean‐François 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective  To obtain images of anterior and posterior segments of the eye using a slit‐lamp (SL)/spectral domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) integrated system designed for the human eye, in the cat, dog, minipig and monkey.Animals studied  One healthy adult monkey, one healthy adult minipig, one healthy adult dog, one healthy adult cat, and three cats and four dogs affected by corneal or retinal diseases.Procedure  A SL SCAN‐1 SD‐OCT, which is a slit‐lamp SL‐D7 that contains an integrated OCT module and a fundus viewer, was used to generate OCT images (512–2048), while simultaneously taking ‘en‐face’ slit‐lamp images (efSL). OCT images were obtained under sedation or anesthesia. These images were compared to histological retinal sections obtained from a monkey, a minipig, a dog, and a cat.Results  ‘en‐face’ slit‐lamp images and OCT images of the ocular tissues were obtained allowing for the identification of different corneal and retinal layers in all animal species. Measurements of the total retinal thickness (TRT) from the inner limiting membrane to the retinal pigment epithelium were performed in various regions throughout the retina. Reduction in TRT was consistent with clinical features of retinal degeneration identified in dogs and cats.Conclusion  This noninvasive procedure is useful for both experimental and clinical assessments of ocular tissue damage. Images of anterior and posterior segments are readily obtained under routine clinical conditions. Future studies are warranted to establish normal OCT data in our patients with this new instrument.