bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of starvation and subsequent feeding on the reproductive potential of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae
Authors: Xu Xiangli , He Shuqi , Wu Junxiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe short‐term starvation tolerance of alate and apterous morphs and the effect of periods of starvation on the longevity and fecundity of alate adults were evaluated in the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Alate adults exhibited a proportionally larger length of survival compared with apterous adults under continuous starvation conditions. Newly molted pre‐reproductive adults were starved for 0–96 h and their survival rate on the 1st day after recovering with food was not significantly different from that of control aphids. Starvation reduced lifetime fecundity, but increased the reproductive rate immediately after nutrition being improved. Fecundity and longevity after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of starvation were significantly higher than after 120 or 144 h of starvation. However, no significant differences were observed for alate adults after 24, 48, 72, or 96 h of starvation. This study suggests that the ability of alatae to adapt to brief periods of starvation could be one of the important factors affecting the reproductive success of aphids during delays in locating host plants.
Heterogeneous information exposure and technology adoption: the case of tissue culture bananas in Kenya
Authors: Kabunga Nassul Ssentamu , Dubois Thomas , Qaim Matin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractClassical innovation adoption models implicitly assume homogenous information flow across farmers, which is often not realistic. As a result, selection bias in adoption parameters may occur. We focus on tissue culture (TC) banana technology that was introduced in Kenya more than 10 years ago. Up till now, adoption rates have remained relatively low. We employ the average treatment effects approach to account for selection bias and extend it by explicitly differentiating between awareness exposure (having heard of a technology) and knowledge exposure (understanding the attributes of a technology). Using a sample of Kenyan banana farmers, we find that estimated adoption parameters differ little when comparing the classical adoption model with one that corrects for heterogeneous awareness exposure. However, parameters differ considerably when accounting for heterogeneous knowledge exposure. This is plausible: while many farmers have heard about TC technology, its successful use requires notable changes in cultivation practices, and proper understanding is not yet very widespread. These results are also important for other technologies that are knowledge‐intensive and require considerable adjustments in traditional practices.
Efficacy of using a dual layer of membrane (dPTFE placed over collagen) for ridge preservation in fresh extraction sites: a micro‐computed tomographic study in dogs
Authors: Al‐Hezaimi Khalid , Rudek Ivan , Al‐Hamdan Khalid S. , Javed Fawad , Nooh Nasser , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess if overbuilding the buccal plate or using a dual‐layer socket grafting technique prevents alveolar bone resorption and enhances final ridge width, height, and volume after tooth loss in an animal model.Material and methodsIn eight beagle dogs bilateral second (P2)‐, third (P3)‐, and fourth (P4) premolars were endodontically treated. All bilateral mandibular first premolars and distal roots of P2, P3, and P4 were hemisectioned and atraumatically extracted. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: (i) Control–Socket alone, (ii) Particulate allograft in the alveolum, socket covered with high‐density polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membrane and sutured over the alveolum, (iii) Particulate allograft in the alveolum and overbuilding the buccal plate, socket covered with dPTFE membrane and sutured over the alveolum, (iv) Particulate allograft in the alveolum and covered with dual layer (dPTFE placed over collagen membrane), and sutured over the alveolum. After 16 weeks, the animals were sacrificed. Mandibular blocks of the jaws were assessed for bone volume (BV), vertical bone height (VBH), alveolar ridge thickness, and bone mineral density (BMD) using micro‐computed tomography.ResultsThe BV in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 169.5, 207.57, 242.4, and 306.1 mm3, respectively. The VBH in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 4.2, 6.4, 6.2, and 7.3 mm, respectively. Ridge widths in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 5.45 ± 0.75, 5.91 ± 0.86, 6.05 ± 0.63, and 6.28 ± 1.01 mm, respectively. There was no significant difference in BMD between the groups.ConclusionsThe RP using a dual layer of membrane following tooth extraction results in more BV, VBH, and alveolar ridge width as compared to when a single layer of membrane is used.
Influence of minimally invasive implant‐retained overdenture on patients' quality of life: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jofre Jorge , Castiglioni Ximena , Lobos Claudia Asenjo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of a minimally invasive implant procedure for denture stabilization on patients' quality of life (QoL).Materials and methodsThirty totally edentulous patients were selected for this study. All prostheses were adjusted and relined before randomization and allocation to treatment either with two small diameter implants (SDI) – retained overdenture (study group) or non‐intervention group (control group). Quality of life was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐EDENT (OHIP‐EDENT) questionnaire before intervention and at one‐year follow‐up. Between‐group comparisons were carried out using the non‐parametric Mann‐Whitney test.ResultsMagnitude of change in the OHIP‐EDENT total score at one‐year follow‐up was 25.4 ± 10.7 for the study group, revealing a statistically significant difference with the control group, that showed a change of 9.5 ± 8.3 (P = < 0.001).ConclusionsAfter one‐year follow‐up, patients wearing mandibular overdentures with two minimally invasive splinted SDI, experienced more improvements in perceived oral health‐related quality of life, than patients having conventional treatment.
High‐definition optical coherence tomography enables visualization of individual cells in healthy skin: comparison to reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Boone Marc , Jemec Gregor B. E. , Del Marmol Véronique 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHigh‐definition OCT (HD‐OCT) is an innovative technique based on the principle of conventional OCT. Our objective was to test the resolution and image quality of HD‐OCT in comparison with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) of healthy skin. Firstly, images have been made of a ultra‐high‐resolution line‐pair phantome with both systems. Secondly, we investigated 21 healthy volunteers of different phototypes with HD‐OCT and RCM on volar forearm and compared the generated images. HD‐OCT displays also differences depending on the skin phototype and anatomical site. The 3‐μm lateral resolution of the HD‐OCT could be confirmed by the phantom analysis. The identification of cells in the epidermis can be made by both techniques. RCM offers the best lateral resolution, and HD‐OCT has the best penetration depth, providing images of individual cells deeper within the dermis. Eccrine ducts and hair shafts with pilosebaceous units can be observed depending on skin site. HD‐OCT provides morphological imaging with sufficient resolution and penetration depth to permit visualization of individual cells at up to 570 μm in depth offering the possibility of additional structural information complementary to that of RCM. HD‐OCT further has the possibility for rapid three‐dimensional imaging.
Novel insights into the role of S100A8/A9 in skin biology
Authors: Kerkhoff Claus , Voss Andreas , Scholzen Thomas E. , Averill Michelle M. , Zänker Kurt S. , Bornfeldt Karin E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractS100A8 and S100A9 belong to the damage‐associated molecular pattern molecules. They are upregulated in a number of inflammatory skin disorders. Owing to their abundance in myeloid cells, the main function of S100A8/A9 has been attributed to their role in inflammatory cells. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that they also exert important roles in epithelial cells. In this review, we discuss the context‐dependent function of S100A8/A9 in epithelial cells and their impact on wound healing, psoriasis and other skin diseases.
The effect of sebocytes cultured from nevus sebaceus on hair growth
Authors: Lee Weon Ju , Cha Hyun Wuk , Lim Hyun Jung , Lee Seok‐Jong , Kim Do Won 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSebaceous glands are known to affect hair growth. Nevus sebaceus, a sebaceous gland hamartomas, presents as hairless patches. In this study, cultures of nevus sebaceus sebocytes (NSS) and normal scalp hair follicle sebocytes (NS) were used in performance of microarray, RT‐PCR, western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining. NSS‐ and NS‐conditioned media were also added to the culture of outer root sheath cells (ORSCs), dermal papilla cells (DPCs) or normal scalp hair follicle sebocytes. Results of this study showed a decrease in the survival rate of ORSCs and DPCs and hair growth in the NSS‐conditioned medium‐treated group, compared with the control and NS‐conditioned medium‐treated groups. An increase in expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐5, Dickkopf‐1 and inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in expression of Wnt10b and Lef1 were observed. In conclusion, NSS showed an increase in expression of hair growth‐suppressing bioactive factors, including FGF‐5, and a decrease in expression of hair growth‐stimulating factors.
Botfly parasitism and tourism on the endangered black howler monkey of Belize
Authors: Treves Adrian , Carlson Ann E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTourism imposes costs and benefits on wild primates. Endangered black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) troops with high exposure to tourism had higher levels of botfly (Alouattamyia baeri) parasitism. Edge habitat and juvenile numbers did not seem to confound the observed relationship. To improve the cost/benefit ratio of tourism, we recommend further investigation.
Subgingival biodiversity in subjects with uncontrolled type‐2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis
Authors: Casarin R. C. V. , Barbagallo A. , Meulman T. , Santos V. R. , Sallum E. A. , Nociti F. H. , Duarte P. M. , Casati M. Z. , Gonçalves R. B. 
Published: July 2012

Background and Objective:  There is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type‐2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Inflammatory mediators may negatively affect glycemic control, and increased glucose levels and resultant glycation end‐products may alter the host response against bacterial infection. However, no agreement has been reached regarding the effect of DM on periodontal subgingival microbiota. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the subgingival biodiversity in deep periodontal pockets of subjects with chronic periodontitis and either uncontrolled type‐2 diabetes or no diabetes using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing.Material and methods:  Twelve subjects with uncontrolled type‐2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin > 8%) and eleven nondiabetic subjects presenting severe and generalized chronic periodontitis were selected. Subgingival biofilm from periodontal pockets > 5 mm were assessed using the 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing technique.Results:  Significant differences were observed in subgingival microbiota between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects presented higher percentages of total clones of TM7, Aggregatibacter, Neisseria, Gemella, Eikenella, Selenomonas, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Veillonella and Streptococcus genera, and lower percentages of Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Synergistetes, Tannerella and Treponema genera than nondiabetic individuals (p < 0.05). Moreover, some phylotypes, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella parvula, V. dispar and Eikenella corrodens were detected significantly more often in diabetic subjects than in nondiabetic subjects (p < 0.05).Conclusion:  Subjects with uncontrolled type‐2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis presented significant dissimilarities in subgingival biodiversity compared with nondiabetic subjects.
H1N1/09 Influenza A Virus Infection of Immortalized First Trimester Human Trophoblast Cell Lines
Authors: Komine‐Aizawa Shihoko , Suzaki Ai , Trinh Quang D. , Izumi Yasuyuki , Shibata Toshikatsu , Kuroda Kazumichi , Hayakawa Satoshi 
Published: July 2012

ProblemAlthough high maternal mortality was reported in the most recent pandemic of swine‐origin influenza A H1N1/09 (H1N1/09), its direct effects on the feto‐placental unit are unknown. In the present study, we examined the susceptibility of immortalized human trophoblasts to clinical isolates of pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A (H1N1/09) virus.Method of studyThe H1N1/09 virus was isolated from a patient with influenza, sequenced and identified as the A/Narita/2009 (H1N1) strain. The trophoblast cell lines Swan71 and HTR8 were challenged with the virus and examined for the expression of H1N1/09 viral RNA and proteins.ResultsViral RNA and proteins were observed 24 hr after inoculation. However, viral release was not detected.ConclusionFirst trimester human trophoblast cell lines were susceptible to the H1N1/09 influenza A virus. However, viral release and cytopathic effects were minimal. Our data suggest that placental damage by the H1N1/09 virus may be limited.
Effects of grasses on sapling establishment and the role of transplanted saplings on the light environment of pastures: implications for tropical forest restoration
Authors: Meli Paula , Dirzo Rodolfo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQuestionDoes the presence of grasses affect the establishment (survival and growth) of tree saplings in an abandoned tropical pasture, and what is the potential of established saplings to modify pasture microenvironmental conditions, particularly light incidence?LocationAbandoned cattle pasture, in the humid tropics of SE Mexico (18°25′–18°45′ N, 95°00′–95°18′ W).MethodsThe establishment of four native fast‐growing tree species in a tropical abandoned pasture was evaluated. Saplings of
Cecropia obtusifolia, Hampea nutricia, Omphalea oleifera and
Erythrina folkersii were transplanted using a split‐plot design. Plant survival and growth were evaluated over 12 mo under two experimental treatments: presence and absence of grasses. Light incidence at ground level was used to evaluate microclimate conditions under the grass matrix, compared to light incidence under saplings established in the pasture.ResultsSaplings had high survival (49–88%) regardless of the presence of grasses. In the presence of grasses, growth of surviving saplings either increased or was not impacted, and in only one out of eight comparisons did grasses negatively affect growth. The impact of saplings on light incidence in abandoned pastures depended on sapling species architecture: species with large total leaf area and canopy area (
H. nutricia and
E. folkersii) significantly reduced light incidence (12–29% of total incidence), while narrow‐canopy species (
C. obtusifolia and
O. oleifera) generated less intense shade (37–89% of total incidence).ConclusionsGrasses did not seem to represent a crucial limiting factor in sapling establishment of fast‐growing native species in the short term. In addition, shading by recruited saplings of some native species could be important to out‐compete grasses in the future, as well as for ‘facilitating’ regeneration of more shade‐tolerant species. Transplantation of fast‐growing native saplings into abandoned pastures, even without manipulation of the grasses, could be a useful practice for landscape‐scale restoration programmes in tropical areas. Evaluation of the longer‐term consequences (beyond the 1‐yr span of this study) warrants further research.
Developing Schools' Capacities to Respond to Community Crisis: The Tennessee Initiative
Authors: Love Rene A. , Cobb Nicole 
Published: July 2012

TOPIC:  The development and implementation of a statewide initiative addressing mental health issues within schools postcrisis.PURPOSE:  The potential for a community crisis occurs every day. After a crisis, schools are practical, logical, and effective places to help students recover from a tragedy. If crisis‐related trauma is not addressed adequately, it can impact academic outcomes such as reading achievement, grade point average, and overall academic performance. For these reasons, it is imperative that school administrators support students in the aftermath of a crisis.CONCLUSIONS:  This ongoing project continues in an effort to support students, faculty, and staff after a traumatic event within the Tennessee public school system.
Nitric Oxide Regulates Dark‐Induced Leaf Senescence Through EIN2 in ArabidopsisF
Authors: Niu Yun‐Han , Guo Fang‐Qing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe nitric oxide (NO)‐deficient mutant nos1/noa1 exhibited an early leaf senescence phenotype. ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) was previously reported to function as a positive regulator of ethylene‐induced senescence. The aim of this study was to address the question of how NO interacts with ethylene to regulate leaf senescence by characterizing the double mutant ein2‐1 nos1/noa1 (Arabidopsis thaliana). Double mutant analysis revealed that the nos1/noa1‐mediated, dark‐induced early senescence phenotype was suppressed by mutations in EIN2, suggesting that EIN2 is involved in nitric oxide signaling in the regulation of leaf senescence. The results showed that chlorophyll degradation in the double mutant leaves was significantly delayed. In addition, nos1/noa1‐mediated impairment in photochemical efficiency and integrity of thylakoid membranes was reverted by EIN2 mutations. The rapid upregulation of the known senescence marker genes in the nos1/noa1 mutant was severely inhibited in the double mutant during leaf senescence. Interestingly, the response of dark‐grown nos1/noa1 mutant seedlings to ethylene was similar to that of wild type seedlings. Taken together, our findings suggest that EIN2 is involved in the regulation of early leaf senescence caused by NO deficiency, but NO deficiency caused by NOS1/NOA1 mutations does not affect ethylene signaling.
Leaves of Field‐Grown Mastic Trees Suffer Oxidative Stress at the Two Extremes of their LifespanF
Authors: Juvany Marta , Müller Maren , Munné‐Bosch Sergi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLeaf senescence is a complex phenomenon occurring in all plant species, but it is still poorly understood in plants grown in Mediterranean field conditions and well‐adapted to harsh climatic conditions. To better understand the physiological processes underlying leaf senescence in mastic trees (Pistacia lentiscus L.), we evaluated leaf growth, water and N content, photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, lipid peroxidation and levels of photosynthetic pigments, antioxidants, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid and jasmonic acid during the complete leaf lifespan, from early expansion to late senescence in relation to natural climatic conditions in the field. While mature leaves suffered from water and N deficit during late spring and summer, both young (emerging) and old (senescing) leaves were most sensitive to photo‐oxidative stress, as indicated by reductions in the Fv/Fm ratio and enhanced lipid peroxidation during late autumn and winter. Reductions in the Fv/Fm ratio were associated with low α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) levels, while very old, senescing leaves additionally showed severe anthocyanin losses. We have concluded that both young (emerging) and old (senescing) leaves suffer oxidative stress in mastic trees, which may be linked in part to suboptimal temperatures during late autumn and winter as well as to low vitamin E levels.
Measurement of the time required for termites to pass each other in tunnels of different curvatures
Authors: Sim Seungwoo , Lee Sang‐Hee 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSubterranean termites construct complex tunnel networks for foraging. During travel in the tunnels, termites often encounter one another when passing in opposite directions. Such encounters are likely to affect the “movement efficiency,” which is the time required for a termite to travel a certain distance in a tunnel. In this study, we explored how individual–individual encounters affect movement efficiency in tunnels by measuring the time (τ) taken by two termites to pass one another in tunnels of different curvatures. Artificial tunnels of 5 cm in length and variable widths (W) of 2, 3, or 4 mm were made. Tunnel distance (D) was 2, 3, 4, or 5 cm. When D had a higher value, curvature was lower. When W = 2, τ was significantly shorter in the tunnel with D = 5 than in tunnels of D = 2, 3, or 4, whereas τ was statistically the same for D = 2, 3 and 4. When W = 3, τ was shorter in the tunnel with D = 5 than for D = 3 and 4, while τ was longer in the tunnel with D = 2 than for D = 3 and 4. When W = 4, τ was longer in the tunnels with D = 2 and 3 than for D = 4 and 5. Based on these observations, 3 types of termite behavior were identified: biased walking, backward walking, and zigzag walking. We considered these results in relation to foraging efficiency.
CHARACTERISATION, IDENTIFICATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PSYCHOTROPHIC LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ORIGINATING FROM TUNISIAN FRESH FISH
Authors: BOULARES MOUNA , AOUADHI CHEDIA , MANKAI MELIKA , MOUSSA OLFA BEN , ESSID INES , HASSOUNA MNASSER 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTOne hundred sixty psychrotrophic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from wild and aquacultured fresh fish were identified by biochemical and molecular methods using 16S‐23S rRNA spacer analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing. LAB strains were characterised according to their technological properties including acidifying capacity, antibiotic resistance and proteolytic, lipolytic and enzymatic activities, as well as antimicrobial activities, against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in order to select the most suitable strains for use as starter cultures in the biopreservation of fresh fish and seafood products. The majority of strains displayed antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella arizonae, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coliandAspergillus flavus) and the dominant psychrotrophic Gram‐negative bacteria in fresh fish (Pseudomonas fluorescens,Aeromonas hydrophila,Pseudomonas putidaandPhotobacterium damselae). A total of 39 isolates of LAB isolates having the most important antimicrobial activities were selected for further properties. Low proteolytic and lipolytic activities were detected for all strains using azocasein methods and fish fat, respectively. Moreover, all strains showed acidifying activity by reducing pH to less than 4.38 at 37C after 72 h. Finally, all studied LAB were resistant to penicillin, gentamicin, colistin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, erythromycin, tetracycline and streptomycin.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe paper presents the identification and the technological properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) including antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and spoilage bacteria in order to select the most suitable strains for use as starter cultures in the biopreservation of fresh fish and seafood products. Considering this, assessment of the effect of inoculation of selected LAB on microbiological and physicochemical properties of fresh fish stored at chilled temperature is necessary to guarantee adequate fresh seafood products safety. Therefore, these analyses can lead to develop better biopreservation strategy for fresh fish by the use of selected LAB strains.