bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of advanced bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the mandible with adjunctive teriparatide therapy
Authors: Lee Jang‐Jaer , Cheng Shih‐Jung , Jeng Jiiang‐Huei , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Lau Hon‐Ping , Kok Sang‐Heng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground.The management of bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) is challenging and controversial. At present, there is no established medication treatment for the disease.Methods.A 78‐year‐old osteoporotic woman with osteonecrosis of the mandible related to alendronate therapy was referred for treatment. The disease was unresponsive to conservative therapy, including antibacterial mouth rinse, antibiotics, and minor surgical debridement. Teriparatide, a human recombinant pararthyroid hormone peptide 1–34, was then used for treatment.Results.The oral mucosa completely regrew, and pain subsided 4 weeks after the initiation of teriparatide administration. Progressive bone regeneration was found during and after the 6‐month period of teriparatide therapy.Conclusion.Our case demonstrated that teriparatide can be an important adjuvant in the management of advanced BRONJ and should be considered prior to major resection with reconstruction. Its true value in the treatment of BRONJ for noncancer patients with osteoporosis warrants future studies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Imaging hyporheic zone solute transport using electrical resistivity
Authors: Ward Adam S. , Gooseff Michael N. , Singha Kamini 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTraditional characterization of hyporheic processes relies upon modelling observed in‐stream and subsurface breakthrough curves to estimate hyporheic zone size and infer exchange rates. Solute data integrate upstream behaviour and lack spatial coverage, limiting our ability to accurately quantify spatially heterogeneous exchange dynamics. Here, we demonstrate the application of near‐surface electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) methods, coupled with experiments using an electrically conductive stream tracer (dissolved NaCl), to provide in situ imaging of spatial and temporal dynamics of hyporheic exchange. Tracer‐labelled water in the stream enters the hyporheic zone, reducing electrical resistivity in the subsurface (to which subsurface ERI is sensitive). Comparison of background measurements with those recording tracer presence provides distributed characterization of hyporheic area (in this application, ∼0·5 m2). Results demonstrate the first application of ERI for two‐dimensional imaging of stream‐aquifer exchange and hyporheic extent. Future application of this technique will greatly enhance our ability to quantify processes controlling solute transport and fate in hyporheic zones, and provide data necessary to inform more complete numerical models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dredging processes and remedy effectiveness: Relationship to the 4 Rs of environmental dredging
Authors: Bridges Todd S , Gustavson Karl E , Schroeder Paul , Ells Stephen J , Hayes Donald , Nadeau Steven C , Palermo Michael R , Patmont Clay 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Timely and effective remediation of contaminated sediments is essential for protecting human health and the environment and restoring beneficial uses to waterways. A number of site operational conditions influence the effect of environmental dredging of contaminated sediment on aquatic systems. Site experience shows that resuspension of contaminated sediment and release of contaminants occur during dredging and that contaminated sediment residuals will remain after operations. It is also understood that these processes affect the magnitude, distribution, and bioavailability of the contaminants, and hence the exposure and risk to receptors of concern. However, even after decades of sediment remediation project experience, substantial uncertainties still exist in our understanding of the cause–effect relationships relating dredging processes to risk. During the past few years, contaminated sediment site managers, researchers, and practitioners have recognized the need to better define and understand dredging-related processes. In this article, we present information and research needs on these processes as synthesized from recent symposia, reports, and remediation efforts. Although predictions about the effect of environmental dredging continue to improve, a clear need remains to better understand the effect that sediment remediation processes have on contaminant exposures and receptors of concern. Collecting, learning from, and incorporating new information into practice is the only avenue to improving the effectiveness of remedial operations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6:619–630. © 2010 SETAC
Prospective identification of tumorigenic osteosarcoma cancer stem cells in OS99‐1 cells based on high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity
Authors: Wang Lin , Park Paul , Zhang Huina , La Marca Frank , Lin Chia‐Ying 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHigh aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity has recently been used to identify tumorigenic cell fractions in many cancer types. Herein we hypothesized that a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties could be identified in established human osteosarcoma cell lines based on high ALDH activity. We previously showed that a subpopulation of cells with high ALDH activity were present in 4 selected human osteosarcoma cell lines, of which a significantly higher ALDH activity was present in the OS99‐1 cell line that was originally derived from a highly aggressive primary human osteosarcoma. Using a xenograft model in which OS99‐1 cells were grown in NOD/SCID mice, we identified a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of osteosarcoma cells based on their high ALDH activity. Cells with high ALDH activity (ALDHbr cells) from the OS99‐1 xenografts were much less frequent, averaging 3% of the entire tumor population, compared to those isolated directly from the OS99‐1 cell line. ALDHbr cells from the xenograft were enriched with greater tumorigenicity compared to their counterparts with low ALDH activity (ALDHlo cells), generating new tumors with as few as 100 cells in vivo. The highly tumorigenic ALDHbr cells illustrated the stem cell characteristics of self‐renewal, the ability to produce differentiated progeny and increased expression of stem cell marker genes OCT3/4A, Nanog and Sox‐2. The isolation of osteosarcoma CSCs by their high ALDH activity may provide new insight into the study of osteosarcoma‐initiating cells and may potentially have therapeutic implications for human osteosarcoma.
Gastric cancers in Finnish patients after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection: A cohort study
Authors: Kosunen Timo U. , Pukkala Eero , Sarna Seppo , Seppälä Kari , Aromaa Arpo , Knekt Paul , Rautelin Hilpi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHelicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer. A total of 97% of the infected subjects have elevated levels of H. pylori antibodies. The antibody titers have been shown to decline rapidly (40–60% within 4–12 months) only after successful eradication therapy. We allocated 26,700 consecutive patients tested during 1986–1998 for H. pylori antibodies to 3 subcohorts: seropositive patients with rapidly falling antibody titers (Hp+CURED, n = 3,650), seropositive patients where no serological information indicating cure was obtained (Hp+NoInfo, n = 11,638) and seronegative patients (Hp–, n = 11,422). In the subcohorts, the standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were defined for subsequent cancers of stomach, pancreas, colon, rectum, breast and prostate separately and for all cancers except stomach combined. The mean follow‐up time was 10.1 years and the number of gastric cancers was 72. For the Hp+CURED, the SIR for gastric cancers for the first 5 follow‐up years was 1.62 but decreased from the sixth follow‐up year thereon to 0.14 (CI: 0.00–0.75). Likewise, the risk ratio, defined in a Poisson regression analysis using the Hp+NoInfo group as the reference, decreased from 1.60 to 0.13 (CI: 0.02–1.00, p = 0.049). The SIR for Hp– was not significantly higher than that for Hp+NoInfo for any of the cancers analysed. To conclude, cured H. pylori infection led to a significantly decreased incidence of gastric cancers from the sixth follow‐up year. Advanced atrophic gastritis would be a plausible contributor to the elevated SIR in elderly Hp– patients.
Transformation of benign Barrett's epithelium by repeated acid and bile exposure over 65 weeks: A novel in vitro model
Authors: Das Kiron M. , Kong Yingxin , Bajpai Manisha , Kulkarni Diptee , Geng Xin , Mishra Pravin , Banerjee Debabrata , Hirshfield Kim 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe mechanism by which gastroesophageal reflux promotes metaplasia→dysplasia→carcinoma is unknown. The aim of the study is to determine if repeated exposure to acid and bile confers a tumorigenic phenotype in a telomerase (hTERT)‐immortalized benign Barrett's cell line (BAR‐T). BAR‐T cells were exposed to acid (pH 4) (A) and bile salt (200 μM glycochenodeoxycholic acid) (B) daily for 5 min up to 65+ weeks. The control cells were grown in parallel without any A or B treatment. Cell morphology, proliferation, transformation, and molecular changes in the gene expression for COX‐2, TC22, p53 and p53 target genes were analyzed at 8–12 weeks intervals. At 46 weeks BAR‐T cells exposed to (A+B) showed distinct phenotypic changes: forming clusters and acini, and at 65 weeks displayed foci in monolayer, and formed distinct colonies in soft agar. Untreated cells did not show any such changes. In A+B–treated BAR‐T cells, COX‐2 mRNA increased 10‐ to 20‐fold, TC22 mRNA increased by 2‐ to 3‐fold at 22–65 weeks, p53, MDM2, PERP, and p21mRNA increased 2.5‐, 6.4‐, 4‐, and 2.6‐fold respectively when compared to untreated cells at 34 weeks. However, at 58 weeks onward, there was a sharp decline of p53 and its target genes to the baseline level. At 65 weeks A+B–treated BAR‐T cells formed tumor in nude mice whereas untreated cells did not. We demonstrate a novel in vitro model of transformation of a benign Barrett's cell line following repeated exposure to A+B over the course of 65 weeks.
The combination of TLR‐9 adjuvantation and electroporation‐mediated delivery enhances in vivo antitumor responses after vaccination with HPV‐16 E7 encoding DNA
Authors: Öhlschläger Peter , Spies Elmar , Alvarez Gerardo , Quetting Michael , Groettrup Marcus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTherapeutic DNA vaccination is an attractive adjuvant option to conventional methods in the fight against cancer, like surgery radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite strong antitumor effects that were observed in small animals with different antigens, DNA‐based vaccines remain weakly immunogenic in large animals and primates compared to protein‐based vaccines. Here, we sought to enhance the immunogenicity of a therapeutic nontransforming cervical cancer DNA vaccine (HPV‐16 E7SH) by introduction of a highly optimized CpG cassette into the plasmid backbone as well as by an optimized DNA delivery using an advanced electroporation (EP) technology. By integrating the means for agent administration and EP into a single device, this technology enables a simple, one‐step procedure that facilitates reproducibility. We found that highly optimized CpG motifs alone triggers an enhanced IFN‐γ and granzyme B response in Elispot assays as well as stronger tumor regression. Furthermore, these effects could be dramatically enhanced when the CpG cassette containing plasmid was administered via the newly developed EP technology. These data suggest that an optimized application of CpG‐enriched DNA vaccines may be an attractive strategy for the treatment of cancer. Collectively, these results provide a basis for the transfer of preclinical therapeutic DNA‐based immunization studies into successful clinical cancer trials.
Effects of tyroservatide on histone acetylation in lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Xu Qiong , Lu Rong , Zhu Zhi‐Feng , Lv Jun‐Qiang , Wang Li‐Juan , Zhang Wen , Hu Jin‐Wei , Meng Jie , Lin Gang , Yao Zhi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTyroservatide (YSV) is an active, low‐molecular weight polypeptide shown to have antitumor effects on experimental hepatocarcinoma and lung carcinoma. The focus of our study was to observe the effects of YSV on several human lung carcinoma cell lines and explore its antitumor mechanism via its effect on histone acetylation. Our results showed that YSV significantly inhibited the proliferation of human lung carcinoma A549, NCIH460, NCIH292 and NCIH1299 cells, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and increased protein and mRNA levels of p21 and p27. Moreover, YSV treatment significantly inhibited histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and resulted in the accumulation of acetylated histones H3 and H4 in total cellular chromatin and p21 gene‐associated chromatin regions. Together these data suggest that the antitumor effects of YSV might be mediated by its inhibition of HDAC activity, selectively upregulating the expression of p21 by increasing the acetylation of histones associated with p21 gene regions, resulting in an induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibition of the proliferation of tumor cells. Our findings demonstrate that YSV may exhibit potent therapeutical effects on lung carcinoma.
Optical micromanipulations in the non‐diffractive regime
Authors: Varghese Smitha S. , Gu Min 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe ever‐evolving topic of optical micromanipulation has established itself as a discipline over the last three decades, and is of much interest to a wide research community due to constantly emerging new applications across the various key disciplines. Performing optical manipulation using evanescent waves is termed near‐field optical manipulation, which is essentially the manipulation of particles in the non‐diffractive regime. The concept of the breaking of diffraction limit is the spur driving near‐field optics studies, as opposed to all far field optical applications where light cannot be focused to a spot smaller than the diffraction limited value, which is about half the wavelength of light in the medium. The authors present a review of the various near‐field optical manipulation techniques and then report on the observation of erythrocyte pearl chains by a near‐field optical tweezer. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
What do physicians in practice do to prevent osteoporosis?
Authors: Dr. Grisso Jeane Ann , Baum Carl R. , Turner Barbara J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Osteoporosis-associated fractures are a major public health problem in the United States. Although clinicians and policy groups have advocated estrogen replacement therapy and other clinical measures to prevent osteoporosis, few studies have assessed whether these measures are being adopted by physicians in practice. The purpose of this study is to evaluate physicians' use of osteoporosis prevention measures and to assess the impact of physician specialty and practice setting on osteoporosis prevention performance.
A survey of nearly 300 physicians was carried out in a large metropolitan area. Gynecologists, general internists, and cardiopulmonary specialists were included from one of three practice settings: fee-for-service private practice, full-time academic medicine, or a large health maintenance organization.
Most physicians, regardless of clinical specialty or practice setting, report that they advocate exercise and calcium supplementation. Few physicians prescribe estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for the majority of their postmenopausal patients. Although there are minimal differences among the three types of practice settings examined, ERT varies markedly by clinical specialty. Of the gynecologists surveyed, 37% report prescribing ERT for the majority of their postmenopausal patients to prevent osteoporosis compared to only 7 and 5% of general internists and cardiopulmonary specialists, respectively (χ2 = 45.3, p &lt; 0.0001).
Although the efficacy of exercise and calcium supplementation to prevent osteoporotic fractures has not been well established, these measures are commonly advocated by both generalists and subspecialists. Although gynecologists are significantly more likely to prescribe ERT to prevent osteoporosis than the other clinical specialists, in general very few physicians prescribe ERT for most postmenopausal patients. This is despite the documented benefit of ERT in preventing osteoporotic fractures. Reasons are explored for physician reluctance to prescribe ERT.
An automatic method for bone histomorphometry: Assessment with reference to usual static and dynamic parameters
Authors: Dr. Juvin Robert , Phelip Xavier , Camus Emmanuel , Usson Yves 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
To perform a fast and reproducible analysis in bone histomorphometry, we developed an automatic method for calculating static and dynamic parameters.
A color automatic image analyzer (SAMBA 200) was used to obtain the usual parameters of bone histomorphometry: bone volume (Cn-BV%TV), osteoid volume (Cn-OV%BV), and osteoid surface (Cn-OS%BS). A specialized algorithm was designed for calculation of the mineral apposition rate (MAR). Eroded surface (Cn-ES%BS) was read in a semiautomatic mode using a cursor.
To validate this program, we input 30 samples from patients with bone disease (20 osteoporosis, 6 renal osteodystrophy, 2 osteomalacia, and 2 hyperparathyroidism) using manual and automatic modes.
The results obtained showed a highly significant correlation with the usual manual method for all parameters: OS/BS, r = 0.93; OV/BV, r = 0.98; MAR, r = 0.90. With the automatic method, larger values were found for osteoid parameters and MAR and lower values for BV/TV. There were no statistical differences for OV/BV and MAR when compared to the reference manual method.
This study establishes that automatic measurements of osteoid parameters and MAR can be performed by a fast analyzer with as good reproducibility and accuracy as the manual method.
Exercise patterns and trabecular bone density in college women
Authors: Davee Anne M. , Rosen Clifford J. , Adler Robert A. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
To assess the effects of physical activity patterns on trabecular bone density in college women, we studied three groups of nonsmoking eumenorrheic women with different (but chronic) exercise regimens. There were nine sedentary (SED) women exercising less than 1 h/week, nine women who performed aerobic (AER) exercise greater than 2.5 h/week, and nine women who supplemented aerobics with muscle-building activities (MB) for more than 1 h/week. Resting energy expenditure, calorie, protein, and calcium intake, total body weight, and body mass index were not statistically different among the three groups. AER and SED women had similar lumbar bone mineral density (BMD). MB women had significantly greater spinal bone density (p &lt; 0.007 versus SED, AER). IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) concentrations were greatest in MB (p &lt; 0.01), and hours muscle building per week correlated with IGF-1 (r = 0.86, p &lt; 0.03). For all 27 women (mean age 24.5 years), body mass index was the single best predictor of lumbar BMD (r = 0.42, p &lt; 0.03); hours in muscle-building exercise per week conferred an additive effect on lumbar BMD.
This cross-sectional study of young women suggests chronic muscle-building exercises may augment lumbar bone mass. The additive effect of anaerobic exercise on bone density may be mediated by both local weight-bearing changes and possible systemic factors.
Zinc excretion in osteoporotic women
Authors: Professor Herzberg Mala , Foldes J. , Steinberg R. , Menczel J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The relation of zinc to the aging skeleton was investigated in 140 women aged 36–85 years, mostly postmenopausal, who attended the Jerusalem Osteoporosis Center.
Osteoporosis was determined by lumbar spine radiograms (Smith index). Bone density (BD) of the distal radius was assessed by Compton spectroscopy and bone mineral content (BMC) at the same site by single-photon absorptiometry. Urine samples (24 h) were analyzed for zinc (UZn), hydroxyproline (UHP), calcium (UCa), magnesium (UMg), and phosphorus (UP) and expressed per gram creatinine.
Patients with definite osteoporosis (n = 94) compared to subjects with borderline or no osteoporosis (n = 34) had a significantly higher mean age (67.4 versus 58.6 years), postmenopausal age (PMA, 19.9 versus 11.0), UZn (811 versus 581), UHP (23.5 versus 18.2), and UMg (90.4 versus 74.3). Urinary calcium UCa and phosphorus UP were similar in both groups. The bone mass measurements BD, BMC, and CI were lower in the osteoporotic group. Hyperzincuria (UZn above 800 μg/g creatinine) was found in 41 osteoporotic patients (45%) compared to 6 subjects in the control group (17%). In view of the positive correlation between UZn and age (r = 0.35, p = 0.001) and to eliminate the effect of age, a separate analysis was performed for 66 subjects under the age of 65 in whom the mean age was similar for the osteoporosis patients (n = 38) and control group (n = 28). Nevertheless, the osteoporosis patients still had a significantly higher mean UZn and UHP.
A woman who does not suffer from any acute or metabolic disease, with urinary zinc of 800 μg/g creatinine, had about a 90% chance of having definite osteoporosis. UZn correlated with UHP and thus the increased UZn may reflect an increased rate of bone resorption.
Bone changes occurring early after cessation of ovarian function in beagle dogs: A histomorphometric study employing sequential biopsies
Authors: Faugere Marie-Claude , Friedler Robert M. , Fanti Paolo , Malluche Hartmut H. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe beagle dog model has been established by our laboratory as a useful animal model to study bone loss after cessation of ovarian function. Previously we demonstrated bone loss associated with an osteoblastic insufficiency at 4 months after ovariohysterectomy (OHX). This study was designed to evaluate by four sequential monthly bone biopsies the development and course of the histologic bone abnormalities after OHX. We found cancellous bone volume, trabecular density, and wall thickness to be decreased (p &lt; 0.05) and trabecular separation increased (p &lt; 0.05) as early as 1 month after OHX. After 2 months, there was a decrease in mineralizing surface and mineral apposition rate (p &lt; 0.05). Volume and surface of osteoid were increased after 3 months (p &lt; 0.05), and there was an increase in the number of osteoblasts (p &lt; 0.01). No histologic signs of increased resorption were observed during the experiment. However, the findings of low bone volume with decreased trabecular density and increased separation without a change in trabecular plate thickness 4 weeks after OHX suggest that a dramatic increase in resorption must have taken place soon after OHX. These results point to an early phase of initiation of bone loss related to hyperresorption followed by a maintenance phase of low bone mass ascribable to an osteoblastic insufficiency. The events that stimulate the early initiating phase after cessation of ovarian function, the factors contributing to it, and the direct demonstration of hyperresorption await further studies.