bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-cigarette use and United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) lung cancer screening (LCS) eligibility.
Authors: Wang Qian , Jiang Changchuan , Xie Hui , Tang Zhiting , Li Yannan , Mirsky Matthew M. , Wen Chi , Hsu Melinda Laine , Bruno Debora S. , Zhang Yaning , Dowlati Afshin , Chiec Lauren , Dutcher Giselle , Boffetta Paolo , Kong Chung Yin 
Published: June 2024

10531 Background: Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) have become frequently used as a smoking cessation tool. Emerging research has shown that e-cigarettes have similar carcinogenic effects as combustible cigarettes. While current lung cancer screening (LCS) guidelines primarily rely on individuals’ smoking history, it's becoming increasingly important to understand the prevalence of e-cigarette use among individuals, especially in the context of their LCS eligibility. Methods: Individuals aged 40-80 years were extracted from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Eligibility was defined using the 2021 USPSTF LCS criteria, i.e., aged 50-80 years who ever smoked, with at least a 20-pack-year smoking history, currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years. We compared the prevalence of current and ever e-cigarette use among LCS-eligible and non-eligible populations, overall and by smoking (combustible cigarettes) status using chi-square tests. All analyses were weighted. The significance level was set at a 2-sided p-value of <0.05. Results: Among the 208,317 individuals included, 9.9% were eligible for LCS. Overall, 3.8% and 22.1% reported current and ever cigarette use, respectively. Fewer LCS-ineligible individuals reported currently using e-cigarettes than their LCS-eligible counterparts (Table). Among former combustible cigarette users, LCS-ineligible individuals were less likely to be current e-cigarette user than LCS-eligible individuals. However, among current combustible cigarette users, LCS-ineligible individuals were more likely to be current e-cigarettes users than LCS-eligible individuals. When examining the prevalence of ever e-cigarette use, similar findings were observed. Conclusions: Our study reveals a significant prevalence of e-cigarette usage among older adults (aged 40-80), with 1 in 5 individuals reporting ever having used e-cigarettes. Moreover, current cigarette users who were ineligible for LCS were more likely to use e-cigarette than their LCS-eligible counterparts. Future epidemiological studies are warranted to assess the risk of e-cigarette use (including intensity, duration and interactions with combustible cigarettes) and lung cancer risks. E-cigarette use may need to be considered in formulating future LCS guidelines. [Table: see text]
Information and prevention needs among germline TP53(gTP53m)pathogenic variants carriers.
Authors: Ben Ahmed Tarek , Vidican Pauline , Corradini Nadège , Lasset Christine , Goldbarg Veronica , Guerrini-Rousseau Léa , Claret Beatrivr , Fervers Béatrice , Rochefort Pauline , Delaloge Suzette , Caron Olivier 
Published: June 2024

10551 Background: Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and more generally g TP53m situations increase the risk of many malignancies. A modifier role of several attributable factors has been recently suggested on LFS-carcinogenesis, including reproductive and lifestyle factors, obesity, physical activity (PA) and diet. However, among g TP53m carriers, prevention approaches have yet primarily focused on intensive cancer screening, with very little emphasis put on primary prevention measures. Methods: As part of the construction of a multicenter, national, multidisciplinary intervention delivering multimodal cancer prevention to g TP53m carriers, we designed a specific patient survey that aimed to analyze potential participants’ needs and wishes. The online questionnaire was sent to g TP53m adult carriers already followed in two national reference centers (n=120). Participants were asked to rate their personal perception of importance and need for each item from 0 to 100 (0=not interested, 100=very interested). The questionnaire contained no identifying data and was approved by the local ethics and data protection committee. Results: The response rate was 61%. 18% were aged < 30, 71% between 30 and 60. g TP53m had been diagnosed in the past 10 years in 29% of patients, and 11% for < 2 years. 58% had a personal history of cancer, and 18% were still receiving a treatment. The median perceived risk of new cancer was 79% for all, and 65% for those w/o a previous history of cancer. 19% did not feel comfortable to participate in information workshops with people they do not know. The median score of the main question on devoting a day to cancer risk information and primary and secondary prevention measures was 88 (95%CI 78 -96). The main desired topics (median score 69-92) were information on research programs, personal cancer risk, well-being measures, psychological aspects, and other cancer risk factors (diet, PA, etc). Wished supports were individual consultation for nutrition (score 81.5 (95%CI 59 -87.5), group workshop for risk factors (score 76 (95%CI 64 -86) and individual coaching for PA (score 76 (95%CI 71 -88.5). Demand for addictologist was low. Conclusions: This study could identify major unmet needs and very strong information-seeking behaviors among g TP53m carriers. It enables us to co-construct a coordinated multi-professional intervention focused on proactive shared cancer prevention. In a second phase, we will assess the effectiveness and feasibility of this new personalized cancer prevention intervention.
Participant adherence in a lung cancer screening (LCS) program in a non-smoking population.
Authors: Bell Jaimie , Li Wenyuan , Shum Elaine 
Published: June 2024

10556 Background: LCS guidelines in smoking populations includes an annual low-dose CT Chest (LDCT) scan. Historically, real-world adherence to repeat imaging following the baseline LDCT has been low at 22% (Silvestri et al. Chest 2023). Various reasons for non-adherence have been cited and can be amplified in populations where English is not the primary language, low health literacy, or logistical reasons that interfere with scheduling. We are conducting the Female Asian Nonsmoker Screening Study (FANSS), which is a pilot study for Asian women with no smoking history to provide LDCTs to this population. We describe the strategies utilized to address potential barriers to adherence and report the participant (pt) adherence observed to date for this population. Methods: FANSS is an IRB-approved trial that provides LDCTs annually for 3 years and has an interim follow-up phone call every 6 months. All aspects of the study other than the LDCT could be conducted virtually pending pt preference. All pt interactions were conducted in the pt’s requested language. LDCTs were interpreted according to Lung-RADS. Review of the LDCT results were available in-person or virtually by a nurse practitioner or the principal investigator. The timeline for the 2nd and 3rd LDCT after the baseline scan was determined as follows: pts with negative findings were recommended for a repeat LDCT in 1 year; pts with suspicious findings were reviewed at the NYU Multidisciplinary Nodule Board and recommended for a repeated LDCT in a 3 or 6 month interval. A bilingual (English and Chinese speaking) research coordinator and medical secretaries reached out to pts at their preferred contact (email, phone, or text) for scheduling the follow-up LDCT. Up to three attempts to reach pts to schedule their follow-up LDCT were made. Results: From 3/5/21 to 1/27/24, 634 subjects completed their baseline LDCTs. Language interpretation services were utilized in 30% of pts. As of 1/27/24, 215 pts were due for their 2nd LDCT: 195 (91%) completed (186) or scheduled (9) the LDCT, 5 pts withdrew their consent, and 15 did not complete the scan. The main reasons for not completing the scans were: living outside New York City, other health concerns, and lost to follow-up. As of 1/27/24, 95 pts were due for their 3rd LDCT: 87 (92%) completed (82) and scheduled (5) the LDCT, and 8 did not complete the scan due to being lost to follow-up. Conclusions: The FANSS population is a unique pt cohort comprised of all Asian women who do not qualify for current LCS guidelines. Interventions to address potential adherence issues were implemented. In our research-based setting, virtual conduct of most of the study procedures allowed pt flexibility. Pt outreach to ensure follow-up by contacting through various methods also ensured adherence of >90%. These interventions can be considered for use in other LCS programs to improve adherence to LCS follow-up.
In-utero and newborn factors and thyroid cancer incidence in adult women in the Sister Study cohort.
Authors: Tran Thi Van Trinh , O'Brien Katie , Troisi Rebecca , Sandler Dale , Kitahara Cari 
Published: June 2024

10560 Background: Thyroid cancer ranks as the fifth most common cancer in women globally, with 90% of cases classified as differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Currently, thyroid cancer etiology remains largely unknown, with childhood exposure to ionizing radiation and obesity among the few established modifiable risk factors. Considering that DTC is diagnosed at relatively younger ages compared to many other cancers, with higher incidence in females versus males, the current study aimed to investigate in-utero and newborn exposures in relation to adult female DTC incidence. Methods: From the Sister Study, a cohort of sisters of women with breast cancer living in the U.S. (including Puerto Rico), we included 47810 women who were cancer-free at baseline (2003–2009). At baseline, participants provided information on their birth and newborn characteristics, and characteristics of their parents before and during pregnancy. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we assessed the association between in-utero and newborn factors and self-reported DTC incidence during follow-up. The models were adjusted for attained age (timescale), race/ethnicity, BMI, smoking status, personal history of benign thyroid disease, educational level, household annual income, and Area Deprivation Index. Results: The median age at baseline of the study population was 55.4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 48.9-62.1). During follow-up (median: 13.1 years, IQR: 11.5-15), 233 women were diagnosed with DTC, with medical records available for 72% of cases. Factors associated with a higher incidence of DTC included gestational hypertension or hypertension-related disorders (15 exposed cases, HR= 1.87, 95%CI 1.10-3.16), and higher birth weight (for every additional kilogram HR=1.13, 95%CI 1.00-1.27). The HR for maternal pre-pregnancy or gestational diabetes was 2.33 (5 exposed cases, 95%CI 0.96-5.67). Conversely, being born at least two weeks before the due date was associated with a lower incidence (6 exposed cases, HR=0.35, 95%CI 0.15-0.79). These associations remained consistent when restricting to advanced-stage and large-sized DTCs. We observed no associations for participants’ birth order, time since last pregnancy of the participants' mother, multiple versus singleton birth, ever having been breastfed, parental smoking during pregnancy or age at delivery, maternal morning sickness, or paternal diabetes. Conclusions: In this study, maternal diabetes, maternal hypertension, and birth weight were associated with higher female DTC incidence while being born at least two weeks before the due date was associated with lower DTC incidence. These findings provide evidence that in-utero and newborn exposures may have a long-term influence on thyroid cancer development.
Association of social determinants of health (SDH), allostatic load (AL) and incident cancers in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA).
Authors: Carlos Ruth C. , Bell Sarah , Mirboluk Hassan , Charkhchi Paniz , Doyle Maya C , Hirsch Jana A , Post Wendy S , Sadigh Gelareh 
Published: June 2024

10562 Background: AL may represent accumulated physiologic stress from adverse SDH. We assess the relationship of AL and incident cancer risk in MESA, a cohort free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline. Methods: MESA participants at Exam 1 (July 2000-August 2002) were included, except those with prevalent cancers other than non-melanoma skin, median follow-up, 16.5 years. We assigned the composite AL measure 1 point for each individual biomarker in the worst quartile for total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and IL-6. One point each was assigned for BMI>25 or <18kg/m2; creatinine>1.2mg/dL (women) or >1.4mg/dL(men), systolic (≥140mmHg), diastolic (≥90mmHg) blood pressure; heart rate>100bpm; coronary artery calcium score>0 and history of diabetes. AL score (mean=3.09, SD=1.76) ranged 0-12. Other covariates included sociodemographic variables. Where missing, data for individual biomarkers were imputed using Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R prior to calculating AL score. Cox regression models assessed AL in the whole population and stratified by race/ethnicity. Results: 6808 participants comprised the analytic sample; 1022 (15%) were diagnosed with new cancer during follow-up. Chinese (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.46,0.36-0.60) and Hispanic/Latino (aHR,95%CI 0.60,0.50-0.72) participants were less likely to develop new cancers compared with White participants. Each AL point increase was associated with increased new cancer risk (aHR,95%CI 1.07,1.03-1.11). In models stratified by race/ethnicity, AL association with new cancer risk persisted only for Black (aHR,95%CI 1.07, 1.00-1.14, p=0.04) and Hispanic/Latino (aHR,95%CI 1.17, 1.07-1.28, p=0.001) participants. Conclusions: AL as a composite measure of physiologic stress and self-reported Chinese and Hispanic/Latino race/ethnicity independently correlated with incident cancer risk in a cohort free of CVD at baseline. Race/ethnicity may moderate the effects of AL. [Table: see text]
The global burden of primary liver cancer and underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021.
Authors: Kocarnik Jonathan M , May Miranda , Acheson Alistair , Bhangdia Kayleigh , Compton Kelly , Dean Frances , Fu Weijia , Penberthy Louise , Pritchett Natalie , Xu Rixing , Bhakta Nickhill , Force Lisa 
Published: June 2024

10573 Background: Liver cancer is a leading cause of global health burden, and was the seventh leading cause of cancer death in 2021. The most common type of liver cancer in adults is hepatocellular carcinoma, which can be due to alcohol, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), or other causes. In children the most common type of liver cancer is hepatoblastoma. Comprehensive and comparative estimation of liver cancer burden can inform policy decisions and public health interventions to reduce incidence, morbidity, and mortality. This study provides updated liver cancer estimates from 1990 to 2021, and for the first time includes hepatoblastoma. Methods: Using estimation methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021) we comprehensively estimated total liver cancer incidence, mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability adjusted life-years (DALYs). Etiologic proportions from meta-analyses of literature review data were applied to the total. Liver cancers under age 10 were attributed to hepatoblastoma. YLLs were calculated using life expectancy estimates. Prevalence and YLDs were calculated from expected survival, disease sequelae, and disability weights. DALYs were the sum of YLLs and YLDs. Results are presented with 95% Uncertainty Intervals (95% UI). Results: Globally, there were an estimated 529,000 (95% UI 480,000 – 594,000) liver cancer cases and 484,000 (437,000 – 538,000) deaths in 2021, contributing to 12,900,000 (11,600,000 – 14,400,000) DALYs. Since 1990, these represented increases of 114.3% (87.0 – 145.3%) in cases, 102.5% (76.4 – 132.0%) in deaths, and 70.6% (48.7 – 96.8%) in DALYs. For liver cancer etiologies (excluding hepatoblastoma), 37.4% (32.6 – 42.6%) of deaths were due to hepatitis B, 30.3% (26.3 – 34.8%) hepatitis C, 19.1% (15.8 – 22.8%) alcohol, 8.5% (6.9 – 10.3%) NASH, and 4.3% (3.6 – 5.1%) other causes in 2021. Conclusions: These GBD 2021 estimates provide comprehensive estimates of the substantial health burden of liver cancer, highlighting a continued need for public health efforts targeting prevention, vaccination, treatment, or behavioral change.[Table: see text]
Cancer burden in South Asians in the United States: Epidemiologic report using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.
Authors: Hundal Jasmin , Chen Yanwen , Mustafa Ali Moaath Khader , Jain Akriti Gupta , Advani Anjali S. , Gerds Aaron Thomas , Balderman Sophia , Molina John C. , Carraway Hetty E , Mukherjee Sudipto , Singh Abhay 
Published: June 2024

10574 Background: Studying racial-ethnic disparities in cancer risk can help in identifying underlying factors and developing targeted screening and education strategies. South Asian Americans (SAA), Asian Indians and Pakistanis, are a fast-growing ethnic group in the US, but there is limited research on their cancer risks. This study examines cancer prevalence patterns in the SAA population compared to Whites in the US. Methods: We analyzed cancer prevalence in 5,120,423 patients diagnosed with 23 different types of cancer between 2000 and 2018, using data from 18 SEER cancer registries. We compared cancer prevalence between SAA and Whites and examined factors such as cancer types, demographics, socioeconomic status, and urban vs. rural residency. Χ2 test was used to determine statistical significance (p<0.001). Results: Our analysis revealed higher prevalence of breast (19.0% vs. 14.6%) and thyroid (5.9% vs. 2.8%) cancers among SAAs compared to Whites, but lower rates of lung (6.5% vs. 12.0%), colorectal (5.9% vs. 7.4%), and melanoma (0.8% vs. 5.4%) cancers; p<0.001. Demographically, a significantly larger proportion of younger individuals (22.3% vs. 10.0%, ages 00-44) were found in the SAA cohort. The SAA survivor cohort also had a significantly higher percentage of females (50.8% vs. 48.6%) and married individuals than their White counterparts (69.3% vs 55.3%). Lastly, there were significant state-based variances in cancer prevalence. In California, SAAs had a lower cancer prevalence (23%) compared to Whites (38.5%), while in New Jersey, SAAs had a higher cancer prevalence (36.7%) than Whites (12.3%). Conclusions: Our analysis shows a disparity, highlighting the need for culturally attuned healthcare policies to enhance cancer education and screening among diverse groups. The higher prevalence of breast cancer in SAAs suggest possible effective screening, while lower rates of colorectal and lung cancers point to potential awareness gaps or cultural barriers. Addressing these, alongside researching genetic, environmental, and lifestyle influences—particularly given the younger SAA cancer population—is prudent. A focused approach, emphasizing targeted public health initiatives and further research, is necessary to enhance cancer outcomes and ensure health equity.
Association of neighborhood-level superfund sites with atmospheric toxic exposures and increasing cancer risk in the United States: A proof-of-concept geospatial study.
Authors: Hussaini S. M. Qasim , Kamarei Azar Mohammad Abadi 
Published: June 2024

10577 Background: Decades of underinvestment have disproportionately exposed several neighborhoods in the US to hazardous conditions. Superfund is the name given to the environmental program established by the US Congress in 1980, to address abandoned hazardous waste sites. The extent to which Superfund sites have contributed to differences in cancer risk remains unknown. We investigated atmospheric toxic exposures increasing cancer risk by proximity to Superfund sites at the neighborhood level. Methods: In this cross-sectional study of US neighborhoods, census-tract level air toxic cancer risk data from the Environmental Protection Agency for 2019 were linked with census-tract level geolocation data of ~1300 Superfund sites from the Superfund Enterprise Management System database. Linear regression models were utilized to explore association between cancer risk and proximity to Superfunds. Geographically Weighted Regression models explored spatial non-stationarity by modeling spatial relationships that vary across the study area. Bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) cluster maps were created for superfund site proximity and cancer risk (high-high, low-low, low-high, high-low). Kruskal-Wallis testing compared the distributions of different variables across the four LISA cluster types. Results: Study explored 82,770 census tracts nationwide. For every 10 percentile increase in Superfund proximity, there was an increase of 4% in cancer risk (p < 0.001). This association was strongest in the Intermountain West, South-Southeast, and Northeast regions. High-high clusters (high proximity to Superfund, high cancer risk) had higher percentage of non-White, low-income, unemployed and lower education attainment populations compared to low-low clusters (all p < 0.001). Within high-high clusters, non-White population had the strongest correlation with proximity to Superfunds. Cancer risk was much higher for the top 10% than the bottom 10% of proximity to Superfunds (Table). Conclusions: Our study highlights higher clustering of cancer risk around neighborhoods with existing Superfund sites. Further, we demonstrate the closer a neighborhood is to a Superfund site, the greater the cancer risk is with associated sociodemographic changes. Using a novel approach to geospatial analytics, the results demonstrate the first clear evidence of a dangerous association between Superfunds and healthcare, and encourage the urgent prioritization of Congressional policies that optimize investment in Superfund site clean up for public health. [Table: see text]