bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The self‐choice effects on memory and individual differences in emotional intelligence
Authors: TOYOTA HIROSHI 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe present study examined the self‐choice effects on intentional memory and the relation between individual differences in emotional intelligence, and the size of the self‐choice effects. Word pairs were supplied to the participants in either a self‐choice or forced‐choice condition. In the self‐choice condition the participants were asked to choose one of the words that elicited more pleasant or more unpleasant episodes, and to remember the chosen word. In the forced‐choice condition one of the paired words was underlined to signify that it was the word to remember. For participants who chose a word that elicited more pleasant episodes, self‐choice effects were observed in pleasant‐pleasant and pleasant‐unpleasant word pairs. However, for participants who were asked to choose a word that elicited more unpleasant episodes, the effects were found in unpleasant‐unpleasant and pleasant‐unpleasant word pairs. The size of the self‐choice effects was determined by the level of emotional intelligence.
Can the memory enhancement of the survival judgment task be explained by the elaboration hypothesis?: Evidence from a memory load paradigm1
Authors: NOUCHI RUI 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMany reports have described a survival judgment task that requires participants to judge words according to their relevance to a survival situation, eliciting better recall than that obtained in other judgment tasks (e.g., semantic or self‐judgment tasks). Two explanatory hypotheses (the adaptive hypothesis and the elaboration hypothesis) have been proposed. Here we used the memory load paradigm to investigate whether the adaptive hypothesis or the combination hypothesis can better account for the memory enhancement of the survival judgment task. We used a survival judgment task and an autobiographical recall task with the condition of no memory load or memory load. The 48 participants performed four encoding conditions (memory load—survival, no memory load—survival, memory load—autobiographical, and no memory load—autobiographical). The results showed that memory enhancement of the survival judgment task occurred only in the no memory load condition, but not in the memory load condition. Our results support the elaboration hypothesis. We also discuss the validity of the elaboration hypothesis and future directions to be pursued in this research field.
In vivo visualization of the levator ani muscle subdivisions using MR fiber tractography with diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Rousset Pascal , Delmas Vincent , Buy Jean‐Noël , Rahmouni Alain , Vadrot Dominique , Deux Jean‐François 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the levator ani complex architecture is of major clinical relevance. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) fiber tractography with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as a tool for the three‐dimensional (3D) representation of normal subdivisions of the levator ani. Ten young nulliparous female volunteers underwent DTI at 1.5 T MR imaging. Diffusion‐weighted axial sequence of the pelvic floor was performed with additional T2‐weighted multiplanar sequences for anatomical reference. Fiber tractography for visualization of each Terminologia Anatomica‐listed major levator ani subdivision was performed. Numeric muscular fibers extracted after tractography were judged as accurate when localized within the boundaries of the muscle, and inaccurate when projecting out of the boundaries of the muscle. From the fiber tracking of each subdivision the number of numeric fibers (inaccurate and accurate) and a score (from 3 to 0) of the adequacy of the 3D representation were calculated. All but two volunteers completed the protocol. The mean number of accurate fibers was 17 ± 2 for the pubovisceralis, 14 ± 6 for the puborectalis and 1 ± 1 for the iliococcygeus. The quality of the 3D representation was judged as good (score = 2) for the pubovisceralis and puborectalis, and inaccurate (score = 0) for the iliococcygeus. Our study is the first step to a 3D visualization of the three major levator ani subdivisions, which could help to better understand their in vivo functional anatomy.
Calpain‐cleaved type 1 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor impairs ER Ca2+ buffering and causes neurodegeneration in primary cortical neurons
Authors: Kopil Catherine M. , Siebert Adam P. , Kevin Foskett J. , Neumar Robert W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractDisruption of neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis plays a well‐established role in cell death in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Recent evidence suggests that proteolysis of the type 1 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R1), a Ca2+ release channel on the endoplasmic reticulum, generates a dysregulated channel, which may contribute to aberrant Ca2+ signaling and neurodegeneration in disease states. However, the specific effects of InsP3R1 proteolysis on neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis are unknown, as are the functional contributions of this pathway to neuronal death. This study evaluates the consequences of calpain‐mediated InsP3R1 proteolysis on neuronal Ca2+ signaling and survival using adeno‐associated viruses to express a recombinant cleaved form of the channel (capn‐InsP3R1) in rat primary cortical neurons. Here, we demonstrate that expression of capn‐InsP3R1 in cortical cultures reduced cellular viability. This effect was associated with increased resting cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), increased [Ca2+]i response to glutamate, and enhanced sensitivity to excitotoxic stimuli. Together, our results demonstrate that InsP3R1 proteolysis disrupts neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, and potentially acts as a feed‐forward pathway to initiate or execute neuronal death.
Functions of L1 in the collaborative interaction of beginning and advanced second language learners
Authors: DiCamilla Frederick J. , Antón Marta 
Published: July 2012

This study investigates the functions served by language in classroom interaction among learners of Spanish at different levels of language competency. Learners collaborated on the production of a writing task. We develop and illustrate a taxonomy of language functions. Our goals are to shed light on the general role of L1 in the L2 classroom and to gain insight into the use of L2 as a tool for thought. We find that the frequency of L2 use among advanced‐level participants far exceeds that of beginning‐level students. We discuss the implications of this with respect to the role of language in general as a psychological tool and the possibility of an L2 serving in this capacity. We also discuss the pedagogical implications of our findings.Este estudio investiga las funciones que sirve el lenguaje en la interacción en el aula entre estudiantes de español a diferentes niveles de dominio lingüístico. Los estudiantes colaboraron en una tarea de expresión escrita. Se desarrolla e ilustra una taxonomía de las funciones identificadas con el propósito de esclarecer el papel que juega la primera lengua en el aula de segundas lenguas y de contribuir al entendimiento del uso de la segunda lengua como instrumento del pensamiento. Los resultados indican que la frecuencia de uso de la segunda lengua entre el grupo de nivel avanzado supera con creces al uso entre el grupo de principiantes. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados con respecto al rol del lenguaje en general como instrumento sicológico y la posibilidad de que una segunda lengua pueda funcionar de este modo. Se discuten también implicaciones pedagógicas de los resultados.
Reading on LCD vs e‐Ink displays: effects on fatigue and visual strain
Authors: Siegenthaler Eva , Bochud Yves , Bergamin Per , Wurtz Pascal 
Published: July 2012

Citation information: Siegenthaler E, Bochud Y, Bergamin P & Wurtz P. Reading on LCD vs e‐Ink displays: effects on fatigue and visual strain. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 367–374. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2012.00928.xAbstractPurpose:  Most recently light and mobile reading devices with high display resolutions have become popular and they may open new possibilities for reading applications in education, business and the private sector. The ability to adapt font size may also open new reading opportunities for people with impaired or low vision. Based on their display technology two major groups of reading devices can be distinguished. One type, predominantly found in dedicated e‐book readers, uses electronic paper also known as e‐Ink. Other devices, mostly multifunction tablet‐PCs, are equipped with backlit LCD displays. While it has long been accepted that reading on electronic displays is slow and associated with visual fatigue, this new generation is explicitly promoted for reading. Since research has shown that, compared to reading on electronic displays, reading on paper is faster and requires fewer fixations per line, one would expect differential effects when comparing reading behaviour on e‐Ink and LCD. In the present study we therefore compared experimentally how these two display types are suited for reading over an extended period of time.Methods:  Participants read for several hours on either e‐Ink or LCD, and different measures of reading behaviour and visual strain were regularly recorded. These dependent measures included subjective (visual) fatigue, a letter search task, reading speed, oculomotor behaviour and the pupillary light reflex.Results:  Results suggested that reading on the two display types is very similar in terms of both subjective and objective measures.Conclusions:  It is not the technology itself, but rather the image quality that seems crucial for reading. Compared to the visual display units used in the previous few decades, these more recent electronic displays allow for good and comfortable reading, even for extended periods of time.
Landscape Ecology of Eastern Spotted Skunks in Habitats Restored for Red‐Cockaded Woodpeckers
Authors: Lesmeister Damon B. , Crowhurst Rachel S. , Millspaugh Joshua J. , Gompper Matthew E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAlthough examples are rare, conflicts between species of conservation concern can result from habitat restoration that modifies habitat to benefit a single taxon. A forest restoration program designed to enhance habitat for endangered red‐cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) may be reducing available habitat for the eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), a forest‐adapted sympatric species of conservation concern that occurs in the Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas, U.S.A. At small scales, eastern spotted skunks select early successional forest with structural diversity, whereas red‐cockaded woodpeckers prefer mature pine (Pinus spp.) habitat. We surveyed for eastern spotted skunks at 50 managed forest stands, modeled occupancy as a function of landscape‐level habitat factors to examine how features of restoration practices influenced occurrence, and compared known occupied forest stands to those where active red‐cockaded woodpecker nesting clusters were located. The most‐supported occupancy models contained forest stand age (negatively associated) and size (positively associated); suggesting eastern spotted skunks primarily occupy large patches of habitat with dense understory and overhead cover. Red‐cockaded woodpecker nesting clusters were located in smaller and older forest stands. These results suggest that increased overhead cover, which can reduce risk of avian predation, enhances occupancy by small forest carnivores such as eastern spotted skunks. Management activities that increase forest stand rotation length reduce the availability of young dense forest. The practice may enhance the value of habitat for red‐cockaded woodpeckers, but may reduce the occurrence of eastern spotted skunks. Implementing plans that consider critical habitat and extinction risks for multiple species may reduce such conservation conflict.
The Effect of Multiple Firings on Microtensile Bond Strength of Core‐Veneer Zirconia‐Based All‐Ceramic Restorations
Authors: Zeighami Somayeh , Mahgoli Hoseinali , Farid Farzaneh , Azari Abbas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose: Differences in core and veneer coefficients of thermal expansion, firing shrinkage, and speed of increasing and decreasing the temperature may generate stress in veneered all‐ceramic restorations. Given the necessity of performing multiple firing cycles to achieve improved contour, color, and esthetics, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of multiple firing cycles on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of zirconia core to the porcelain veneer in zirconia‐based all‐ceramic restorations.Materials and Methods: Thirty blocks (12 × 12 × 4 mm3) of semi‐sintered zirconia were machined and sintered according to manufacturer's instruction. Specimens were placed in three groups based on the number of firing cycles (4, 6, 8) for the veneering process. After veneering, the specimens were sectioned into microbars with 8 mm length and 1 mm cross‐section. Twenty sound microbars in each group were stressed to failure in a microtensile tester machine at 1 mm/min. Fractured specimens were surveyed under a scanning electron microscope and classified as cohesive in core, cohesive in veneer, and mixed. MTBS data were analyzed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05).Results: The mean MTBS (MPa) after 4, 6, and 8 firing cycles were 30.33 ± 2.13, 27.43 ± 1.79, and 25.06 ± 1.76, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the bond strengths of each of the three groups (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Increase in firing cycles decreased MTBS. Most of the failures (90–95%) in all three groups were cohesive in the veneering porcelain and did not change as the number of firing cycles increased.
Effect of Dentin Surface Modification on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Self‐Adhesive Resin Cements
Authors: Broyles Allison C. , Pavan Sabrina , Bedran‐Russo Ana Karina 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose: To explore the potential to modify human dentin surface as a means of improving the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin cement to dentin.Materials and Methods: Sound human molars were collected, and their occlusal surfaces were ground flat to expose polished dentin. Indirect composite resin cylinders were cemented to the teeth with RelyX Unicem or G‐Cem self‐adhesive cements following dentin surface treatments: 6.5% grape‐seed extract, 5% glutaraldehyde, or 25% polyacrylic acid and control (no pretreatment). After 24 hours, the teeth were sectioned into beams to produce a cross‐sectional area of 1.0 mm2. Specimens of each group (n = 25) were individually mounted on a jig and placed on a tensile testing machine. A tensile force was applied to failure at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed.Results: The use of polyacrylic acid on dentin prior to cementation with RelyX Unicem resulted in a statistically significant increase in μTBS compared to the control group (p= 0.0282). Polyacrylic acid (p= 0.0016) or glutaraldehyde (p= 0.0043) resulted in a statistically significant increase in μTBS of G‐Cem to dentin when compared to the control group. Treatment with grape‐seed extract did not result in a statistically significant increase in μTBS for either cement (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Priming dentin surfaces prior to the use of self‐adhesive resin cements may be a promising means of improving μTBS. In addition, it was concluded that the results of this study are material dependent as well as being dependent of the type of dentin primer.
Predoctoral Dental Students’ Perceptions and Experiences with Prosthodontics
Authors: Dhima Matilda , Petropoulos Vicki C. , Salinas Thomas J. , Wright Robert F. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPurpose: The aims of this study were to: (1) investigate the perceptions and experiences of predoctoral dental students and advanced standing students on mentorship, exposure to prosthodontics, and future need for the specialty, and (2) establish a baseline of students’ perceptions of the impact of prosthodontics on salary, personal and patient quality of life, and the profession of dentistry.Materials and Methods: A survey was distributed to 494 predoctoral and advanced standing students at the University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine. Questions focused on the perceptions and experiences with the specialty of prosthodontics. A total of 410 surveys were analyzed using Chi Square tests and univariate and multivariate analysis with statistical software.Results: Response rate was 83%. A positive initial introduction to prosthodontics was reported by 57% of students. Most students had positive experiences with prosthodontic faculty and enjoyed laboratory work and challenging/complex dentistry. A greater need for prosthodontists in the future was perceived by 82% of respondents, with 63% reporting that the future of prosthodontics had been emphasized. Students reported (1) a preclinical course directed by prosthodontists and (2) working in the clinic with prosthodontic faculty (p < 0.006) as having the biggest impact on their introduction to prosthodontics. A desire to pursue training or a career in prosthodontics was reported by 3.4% of the respondents, with 1.7% of them pursuing prosthodontics. Enjoyment of providing care in prosthodontics was the most important factor for those who decided to pursue prosthodontic postgraduate training. When compared to other specialties, prosthodontics ranked low with regards to its impact on salary (7th), personal quality of life (5th), patient quality of life (4th), and strengthening of the dental field (7th).Conclusion: Reasons few students are interested in prosthodontics as a career, despite a positive first introduction and high perceived future need for prosthodontists may be attributed to a number of factors. These include insufficient prosthodontically, trained faculty, lack of a mentorship program, lack of an advanced graduate program, a perception of feeling unprepared upon graduation, and misconception of potential income in prosthodontics.
Quantifying Cyberinfrastructure Resilience against Multi‐Event Attacks
Authors: Zobel Christopher W. , Khansa Lara 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a general approach for characterizing cyberinfrastructure resilience in the face of multiple malicious cyberattacks, such as when a sequence of denial‐of‐service attacks progressively target an already weakened information system. Although loss assessment frequently focuses on a single overall measure such as cost or downtime, the proposed technique considers both the timing and the amount of loss associated with each individual attack, as well as whether this loss is incurred suddenly or is “slow‐onset.” In support of this, an underlying mathematical model is developed to represent the relative impact of each attack and the corresponding length of time that its effects persist within the system, as well as to illustrate the trade‐offs between these two factors. The model is extended to represent uncertainty in its parameters and thus to support comparative analyses among various security configurations with respect to a baseline estimate of resilience. Monte Carlo simulation is then used to illustrate the model's capabilities and to support a discussion of its ability to provide for more effective decision making in the context of disaster planning and mitigation. [Submitted: March 21, 2011. Revised: July 14, 2011; November 4, 2011. Accepted: December 19, 2011.]
Dynamic Pricing and Demand Estimation for a Single Unique Asset*
Authors: Meredith Jack R. , Akinc Umit 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWe address the situation of a firm that needs to dispose of a large, expensive asset (e.g., car, machine tool, earth mover, turbine, house, airplane), with or without a given deadline (and either known or unknown to the buyer). If a deadline exists, the asset is salvaged at a known value which may be zero, or even negative if there is a disposal cost. The asset has a known holding cost and may also have an initial nominal (undiscounted) price. The question is how, if at all, the price should be discounted as time progresses to maximize the expected proceeds. We use a dynamic recursion where each decision stage can be optimized based on classic economic monopoly pricing theory with a demand intensity function estimated from sales data, and show that the model is well‐behaved in the sense that the optimal price and optimal expected revenue monotonically decline as the deadline approaches. We test the model by comparing its optimal price pattern to the official pricing policy practiced at a used‐car dealer. We then extend the model to situations where the buyer knows the seller's deadline and thus may alter his behavior as the deadline approaches.
Structure and Relative Thermal Stability of Mesoporous (La,Sr)MnO3 Powders Prepared Using Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly Methods
Authors: Chao Robin , Munprom Ratiporn , Petrova Rumyana , Gerdes Kirk , Kitchin John R. , Salvador Paul A. 
Published: July 2012

LaMnO3 and (La,Sr)MnO3 were prepared as mesoporous powders using sol‐gel methods that incorporated evaporation‐induced self‐assembly of surfactants as structure‐directing agents. The precursor and surfactant concentrations, surfactant character (mainly molecular weight), aging humidity, and annealing temperature were all found to influence the specific surface area of the powders, which were maximized at 50 and 46 m2/g for LaMnO3 and (La,Sr)MnO3, respectively. Increased metal nitrate contents in the initial sol composition and increased relative humidity during aging led to products having increased specific surface areas owing to increased mesoporosity. The lower molecular weight surfactant CTAB was found to generate higher specific surface area powders than those generated using the larger molecular weight nonionic surfactants P‐123 and F‐127. On the other hand, the relative thermal stability of the mesoporous powders, annealed at 750°C for 100 h, increased with the molecular weight of surfactant. Mesoporous powders having promising thermal stability and surface areas in the 20–25 m2/g range were easily obtainable using P‐123 and F‐127, indicating that high surface area electrocatalysts with mesoporous microstructures can be prepared for high temperature applications.
Corrosion‐ and Damage‐Resistant Nitride Coatings for Steel
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Shoeb , Munroe Paul , Jiang Zhong‐Tao , Zhao Xiaoli , Wajrak Magdalena , Guo Hua , Rickard William , Xie Zonghan 
Published: July 2012

Ceramic coatings of distinct microstructures, namely TiSiN and CrN, were deposited on tool steels. The corrosion resistance of the coated steels was measured. Following nanoindentation, immersion tests were conducted in 70% HNO3 solution for 96 h. Deformed CrN, where deformation occurred through shear sliding of columnar grains, was insensitive to corrosion attack. In contrast, open cracks formed in the indented TiSiN coating, serving as pathway for reactive agents to penetrate through the coatings. Finite element analysis was applied to evaluate the damage tolerance of the coatings and its impact on the corrosion resistance of the coated steels.
Calidad del empleo asalariado en Quebec y el Reino Unido entre 1998 y 2008 según género y situación familiar
Authors: CLOUTIER‐VILLENEUVE Luc 
Published: July 2012

Resumen.A partir de una tipología de la calidad del empleo basada en la remuneración, las horas de trabajo, la cualificación y la estabilidad laboral, el autor compara la evolución al respecto en Quebec y en el Reino Unido de mujeres y hombres, con o sin hijos. Entre 1998 y 2008 disminuyó la diferencia entre los géneros entre las personas con hijos pequeños. La situación de las madres en comparación con la de los padres es mejor en Quebec que en el Reino Unido debido al contexto económico, a las políticas sociales y a que los padres quebequeses trabajan menos horas.