bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shortfalls in imputing sarcoidosis to occupational exposures
Authors: Reich Jerome M. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe cause of sarcoidosis remains elusive. Reports of elevated sarcoidosis incidence in New York City firefighters and World Trade Center disaster responders have been advanced to support a causal relationship. This inference is open to question due to methodological differences in assessing and computing sarcoidosis incidence in populations versus putative occupational exposures. The magnitude of the odds ratio (OR; ca. 1.5) of causal candidates in the ACCESS case‐control study of occupational and environmental exposures is sufficiently small that it might easily be attributable to confounders. Additionally, multiplicity of comparisons, difficulty in assembling a valid control population and the potential for recall bias critically limit causal inferences. A possible explanation for etiological elusiveness and multiplicity of elevated OR is that individuals with sarcoidosis, lacking components of efficient cellular immunity, respond with systemic granulomas to a variety of ubiquitous, frequently unidentifiable environmental antigens. Epidemiological methods for the identification of sarcoidosis causal candidates are potentially misleading and are unlikely to prove useful. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:496–500, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Occupational exposure to formaldehyde and alterations in lymphocyte subsets
Authors: Hosgood H. Dean , Zhang Luoping , Tang Xiaojiang , Vermeulen Roel , Hao Zhenyue , Shen Min , Qiu Chuangyi , Ge Yichen , Hua Ming , Ji Zhiying , Li Senhua , Xiong Jun , Reiss Boris , Liu Songwang , Xin Kerry X. , Azuma Mariko , Xie Yuxuan , Freeman Laura Beane , Ruan Xiaolin , Guo Weihong , Galvan Noe , Blair Aaron , Li Laiyu , Huang Hanlin , Smith Martyn T. , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundFormaldehyde is used in many occupational settings, most notably in manufacturing, health care, and embalming. Formaldehyde has been classified as a human carcinogen, but its mechanism of action remains uncertain.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study of 43 formaldehyde‐exposed workers and 51 unexposed age and sex‐matched controls in Guangdong, China to study formaldehyde's early biologic effects. To follow up our previous report that the total lymphocyte count was decreased in formaldehyde‐exposed workers compared with controls, we evaluated each major lymphocyte subset (i.e., CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer [NK] cells, and B cells) and T cell lymphocyte subset (CD4+ naïve and memory T cells, CD8+ naïve and memory T cells, and regulatory T cells). Linear regression of each subset was used to test for differences between exposed workers and controls, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsTotal NK cell and T cell counts were about 24% (P = 0.037) and 16% (P = 0.0042) lower, respectively, among exposed workers. Among certain T cell subsets, decreased counts among exposed workers were observed for CD8+ T cells (P = 0.026), CD8+ effector memory T cells (P = 0.018), and regulatory T cells (CD4+FoxP3+: P = 0.04; CD25+FoxP3+: P = 0.008).ConclusionsFormaldehyde‐exposed workers experienced decreased counts of NK cells, regulatory T cells, and CD8+ effector memory T cells; however, due to the small sample size; these findings need to be confirmed in larger studies. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:252–257, 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phylogeographic implications for release of critically endangered manatee calves rescued in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Luna Fábia O. , Bonde Robert K. , Attademo Fernanda L. N. , Saunders Jonathan W. , Meigs‐Friend Gaia , Passavante José Zanon O. , Hunter Margaret E. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

The Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus), a subspecies of the West Indian manatee, is a large‐bodied marine mammal found in fresh, brackish, and marine habitats throughout the Caribbean Islands and Central and South America. Antillean manatees in Brazil are classified as critically endangered, with a census size of approximately 500 individuals. The population in the Northeast region of Brazil is suspected to have approximately 300 manatees and is threatened by habitat alteration and incidental entanglement in fishing gear.
A high incidence of dependent calf strandings have been identified near areas of altered critical manatee habitat. The majority of the calves are neonates, discovered alive, with no potential mothers nearby. These calves typically require human intervention to survive.
Since 1989 the calves have been rescued (N=67), rehabilitated, and released (N=25) to supplement the small wild manatee population. The rescued calves, and those born in captivity, are typically, not released to their rescue location, mainly for logistical reasons. Therefore, phylogeographic analyses can help to identify related populations and appropriate release sites.
Here, mitochondrial DNA analyses identified low haplotype (h=0.08) and nucleotide (π=0.0026) genetic diversity in three closely related haplotypes. All three haplotypes (M01, M03, and a previously unidentified haplotype, M04) were found in the northern portion of the region, while only a single haplotype (M01) was represented in the south. This suggests the presence of two genetic groups with a central mixing zone. Release of rehabilitated calves to unrelated populations may result in genetic swamping of locally adapted alleles or genotypes, limiting the evolutionary potential of the population.
The small population size coupled with low genetic diversity indicates that the Northeast Brazil manatee population is susceptible to inbreeding depression and possible local extinction. Further conservation measures incorporating genetic information could be beneficial to the critically endangered Brazilian manatee population. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Prioritizing aquatic conservation areas using spatial patterns and partitioning of fish community diversity in a near‐natural temperate basin
Authors: Kanno Yoichiro , Russ William T. , Sutherland Charles J. , Cook S. Bradford 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACT

This study investigated spatial patterns and partitioning of fish community diversity in the Emory River basin, Tennessee, USA, which represents the best available biotic condition in a region characterized with high diversity and endemism. Fish community analyses were intended as one criterion for identifying aquatic conservation areas in a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) currently developed in the study region under the authority of the US Endangered Species Act.
Spatial patterns of fish community diversity were examined at 57 stream sites located in the mainstem (13 sites) and four sub‐basins (a total of 44 sites) by partitioning γ diversity (total diversity) into α (within‐community) and β (among‐community) components in a multiplicative manner at two spatial scales. Additional analyses were conducted to assess evidence of dispersal in structuring local communities.
Mainstem sites were characterized with higher α diversity values relative to sub‐basin sites, and γ diversity of 13 mainstem sites was comparable with that of 44 sub‐basin sites. Site‐level β diversity differed among sub‐basins. Among‐sub‐basin β diversity was only modest, and one sub‐basin harboured the majority of total species richness found among all sub‐basins.
Many species had high indicator values for mainstem sites, but sub‐basin sites were associated with few indicator species. Spatial autcorrelation of fish community similarity was significant within mainstem sites and sites located within two sub‐basins. Catchment area explained among‐site variation in species richness better than stream order, link magnitude, confluence link or downstream link. Overall, there was a lack of evidence that dispersal played an important role in shaping local fish communities in either mainstem or sub‐basin sites.
Aquatic conservation in the study basin should focus on protecting aquatic diversity in the mainstem habitat, while a network of stream sites in the most diverse sub‐basin may also be considered as aquatic conservation areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional‐Group‐Tolerant Catalytic Migratory Oxidative Coupling of Nitrones
Authors: Hashizume Shogo , Oisaki Kounosuke , Kanai Motomu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed migratory oxidative‐coupling reaction between nitrones and various ethers/amines exhibited high functional‐group tolerance. Even in aqueous media, the reaction proceeded efficiently. For practical use of this catalysis, a unique sequential Huisgen cycloaddition was demonstrated. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the reaction proceeded through oxidative catalytic activation of ethers/amines to afford iminium/oxonium intermediates by concurrent dual one‐electron abstractions by copper(II) and oxyl radicals.
Stability of the Convex Linear Combination of Positive Linear Systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe asymptotic stability of the convex linear combination of positive continuous‐time and discrete‐time linear systems is addressed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the convex linear combination are established. The notion of diagonal dominant matrices for Metzler matrices and nonnegative real matrices is introduced. It is shown that the convex linear combination is asymptotically stable if its matrices are diagonal dominant.
Robust Fault‐Tolerant Control of Launch Vehicle Via GPI Observer and Integral Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Zhao Dang‐Jun , Wang Yong‐Ji , Liu Lei , Wang Zhi‐Shen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA robust fault‐tolerant attitude control scheme is proposed for a launch vehicle (LV) in the presence of unknown external disturbances, mismodeling dynamics, actuator faults, and actuator's constraints. The input‐output representation is employed to describe the rotational dynamics of LV rendering three independently decoupled second order single‐input‐single‐output (SISO) systems. In the differential algebraic framework, general proportional integral (GPI) observers are used for the estimations of the states and of the generalized disturbances, which include internal perturbations, external disturbances, and unknown actuator failures. In order to avoid the defects of the conventional sliding surface, a new nonlinear integral sliding manifold is introduced for the robust fault‐tolerant sliding mode controller design. The stability of the GPI observer and that of the closed‐loop system are guaranteed by Lyapunov's indirect and direct methods, respectively. The convincing numerical simulation results demonstrate the proposed control scheme is with high attitude tracking performance in the presence of various disturbances, actuator faults, and actuator constraints.
A kinetic treatment of stopped‐flow time courses for multiple chemiluminescence of the KIO4‐luminol‐Mn2+ system
Authors: Ma Ai‐Jay , Chang Yu‐Tang , Lin Wann‐Yin 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTStopped‐flow time courses for chemiluminescence (CL) of the KIO4‐luminol‐Mn2+system showed an instantaneous jump in initial signal followed by two distinct bands. A kinetic model of the form with ten adjustable parameters was proposed to account for CL intensity (I) versus time (t) profiles. The three terms in the model represent the three CL bands. Each band was comprised of a rise part and an exponential decay corresponding to the formation and deactivation of the CL emitter. CL bands could have originated from different CL pathways with the participation of reactive species such as O2−, •OH and 1O2 generated in the reactions involving IO4−, O2 and Mn2+. Subsequent reactions of these reactive species with luminol induced CL emissions. Simulation parameters together with peak positions and intensities of the three CL bands were found to vary in different manners by changing conditions such as reagent concentration, pH and temperature. The temperature‐dependence of the rate constants yielded activation energies of 73.2 ± 2.8, 70.1 ± 2.4 and 67.2 ± 1.2 kJ⋅mol‐1 for the three decay processes. Moreover, different substances exhibited a significant influence on the three CL bands and their simulation parameters. The numerous parameters and characteristics of CL emissions could serve as multiple probes for detecting analytes, making this system promising for potential analytical applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of virus preparation quality on parvovirus filter performance
Authors: Slocum Ashley , Burnham Mike , Genest Paul , Venkiteshwaran Adith , Chen Dayue , Hughes Joseph 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVirus‐removal filtration technology is commonly used in the manufacturing process for biologics to remove potential viral contaminants. Virus‐removal filters designed for retaining parvovirus, one of the smallest mammalian viruses, are considered an industry standard as they can effectively remove broad ranges of viruses. It has long been observed that the performance of virus filters can be influenced by virus preparations used in the laboratory scale studies (PDA, 2010). However, it remains unclear exactly what quality attributes of virus preparations are critical or indicative of virus filter performance as measured by effectiveness of virus removal and filter capacity consistency. In an attempt to better understand the relationship between virus preparation and virus filter performance, we have systematically prepared and analyzed different grades of parvovirus with different purity levels and compared their performance profiles on Viresolve® Pro parvovirus filters using four different molecules. Virus preparations used in the studies were characterized using various methods to measure DNA and protein content as well as the hydrodynamic diameter of virus particles. Our results indicate that the performance of Viresolve® Pro filters can be significantly impacted depending on the purity of the virus preparations used in the spike and recovery studies. More importantly, we have demonstrated that the purity of virus preparations is directly correlated to the measurable biochemical and biophysical properties of the virus preparations such as DNA and protein content and monodispersal status, thus making it possible to significantly improve the consistency and predictability of the virus filter performance during process step validations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 229–239. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of the effects of Mylabris and Acanthopanax senticosus on promising cancer marker polyamines in plasma of a Hepatoma‐22 mouse model using HPLC‐ESI‐MS
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Yixiang , Liu Ran , Yan Xu , Li Yujiao , Fu Hui , Bi Kaishun , Li Qing 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of plasma concentrations of five polyamines in normal and Hepatoma‐22 mice, and mice treated with Mylabris and Acanthopanax senticosus was developed by HPLC‐ESI‐MS. Male Kunming mice were divided into nine groups, a control group (inoculation without treatment), a positive group (Cyclophosphamide), treatment groups [Mylabris (4, 8, 16 mg/kg), Acanthopanax senticosus (6, 12, 24 g/kg)] and a normal group (without inoculation). Twenty‐four hours after the last administration, plasma samples were collected. The derived polyamines were separated on a C18 column by a gradient elution using methanol–water with excellent linearity within the range from 2.5 to 1000 ng/mL. Polyamines were confirmed as useful biochemical markers of hepatoma. The differences in anti‐cancer therapeutic efficacy between Mylabris and Acanthopanax senticosus might contribute to the variability of polyamine levels in vivo. This HPLC‐ESI‐MS method was successfully applied to investigate the relationship between polyamines and cancer in mice and might be a useful method to test the activity of potential anti‐tumor drugs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevent cervical cancer by screening with reliable human papillomavirus detection and genotyping
Authors: Ge Shichao , Gong Bo , Cai Xushan , Yang Xiaoer , Gan Xiaowei , Tong Xinghai , Li Haichuan , Zhu Meijuan , Yang Fengyun , Zhou Hongrong , Hong Guofan 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe incidence of cervical cancer is expected to rise sharply in China. A reliable routine human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and genotyping test to be supplemented by the limited Papanicolaou cytology facilities is urgently needed to help identify the patients with cervical precancer for preventive interventions. To this end, we evaluated a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for detection of HPV L1 gene DNA in cervicovaginal cells. The PCR amplicons were genotyped by direct DNA sequencing. In parallel, split samples were subjected to a Digene HC2 HPV test which has been widely used for “cervical cancer risk” screen. Of the 1826 specimens, 1655 contained sufficient materials for analysis and 657 were truly negative. PCR/DNA sequencing showed 674 infected by a single high‐risk HPV, 188 by a single low‐risk HPV, and 136 by multiple HPV genotypes with up to five HPV genotypes in one specimen. In comparison, the HC2 test classified 713 specimens as infected by high‐risk HPV, and 942 as negative for HPV infections. The high‐risk HC2 test correctly detected 388 (57.6%) of the 674 high‐risk HPV isolates in clinical specimens, mislabeled 88 (46.8%) of the 188 low‐risk HPV isolates as high‐risk genotypes, and classified 180 (27.4%) of the 657 “true‐negative” samples as being infected by high‐risk HPV. It was found to cross‐react with 20 low‐risk HPV genotypes. We conclude that nested PCR detection of HPV followed by short target DNA sequencing can be used for screening and genotyping to formulate a paradigm in clinical management of HPV‐related disorders in a rapidly developing economy.
Looking at the Cost: Using Flow Analysis to Assess and Improve Chemical Production Processes
Authors: Bode A. , Bürkle J. , Hoffner B. , Wisniewski T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIdentifying process alternatives to reduce the cost of product manufacturing is a key objective in process development and optimization. This article starts out by presenting the fundamental principles of flow‐based analysis methods. Material and energy flow analysis, with cost flow added, is then applied to chemical process development. An example shows that the method of charging cost to the flows that exit the production steps influences the recognizability of the cost reduction options. A more thorough analysis and understanding would be beneficial as a basis for identifying best‐practice recommendations. For industrial use, the suitability of existing cost flow analysis tools could be improved by enabling the use of a variety of allocation methods, data exchange with standard tools in process engineering, and improved user interfaces.
Direct Oxidative Coupling of Arenes with Olefins by Rh‐Catalyzed CH Activation in Air: Observation of a Strong Cooperation of the Acid
Authors: Zheng Lu , Wang Jianhui 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA [{RhCl(cod)}2]/CCl3COOH system was developed for the oxidative coupling of non‐chelate‐assisted arenes with olefins in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cu(OAc)2⋅H2O as a co‐oxidant and oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The acid was an indispensable component in this system and played a very important role in the coupling reaction. This catalytic system was applied to the direct oxidative coupling of a series of arenes and olefins and the corresponding products were afforded in high yields with special chemo‐ and regioselectivity. This reaction provides an atom‐efficient route to vinylarenes, which are widely used in various fine chemicals.
Structure‐Directing Agents for the Synthesis of TiO2‐Based Drug‐Delivery Systems
Authors: Ghedini Elena , Nichele Valentina , Signoretto Michela , Cerrato Giuseppina 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA series of titanium oxides was prepared by using a surfactant‐template method (STM) and used as a carrier for the sustained release of ibuprofen, which was chosen as a model drug. This STM provides an efficient route to TiO2 matrices with both high surface area (when compared with those that were obtained by using traditional synthetic approaches) and well‐defined mesoporous textures. Some parameters of the synthetic procedure were varied: pH value, surfactant, and thermal treatment. The physicochemical nature of the surface carriers were investigated by means of N2‐physisorption measurements and FTIR spectroscopy. The effect of the amount of drug on the release kinetics was also investigated. The drug delivery was evaluated in vitro in four different physiological solutions (that simulated the gastrointestinal tract) to analyze the behavior of the TiO2‐based systems if they were to be formulated as oral DDSs. Our optimized approach is a good alternative to the classical methods that are used to prepare efficient TiO2‐based drug‐delivery systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Modeling of Mixed Occupations and Site Preferences in Anisotropic Crystal Structures: Case of Complex Intermetallic Borides.
Authors: Deringer Volker L. , Goerens Christian , Esters Marco , Dronskowski Richard , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTi1.6Os1.4RuB2 and its isotypical ternary derivative Ti1.6Os2.4B2 are characterized by DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Chemistry of Melilite [CaLa]2[Ga]2[Ga2O7]2: A Five Dimensional Solid Electrolyte.
Authors: Wei Fengxia , Baikie Tom , An Tao , Kloc Christian , Wei Jun , White Tim 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are prepared in an optical floating zone furnace from a stoichiometric mixture of La2O3, CaCO3, and Ga2O3.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Investigation of Li2MnSiO4 and Li2CoSiO4 Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Santamaria‐Perez D. , Amador U. , Tortajada J. , Dominko R. , Arroyo‐de Dompablo M. E. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe structural degradation of Li2MSiO4 (M: Mn, Co) cathode materials upon lithium removal is inherent to the distorted hexagonal oxygen packing of the known polymorphs, where M ions are constrained to occupy tetrahedral sites.
ChemInform Abstract: First Structural Characterization of Neutral, Base‐Stabilized Group 15‐Pentaazides: Single Crystal X‐Ray Structures of dmap‐As(N3)5 and dmap‐Sb(N3)5.
Authors: Lyhs Benjamin , Blaeser Dieter , Woelper Christoph , Schulz Stephan , Jansen Georg 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of compounds (IIIa, b) demonstrates that base‐stabilization is suitable for the kinetic stabilization of highly explosive covalent main group polyazides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Water‐Soluble Cationic Chiral Diamine Ligand Bearing a Diguanidinium and Application in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Tang Yuanfu , Li Xuefeng , Lian Chunxia , Zhu Jin , Deng Jingen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe rhodium complex prepared in situ from the guanidinium ligand GUA is successfully applied in the transfer hydrogenation of prochiral ketones and imines in neat water.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Bicyclic [2.2.2] Octadiene Ligands for Rh‐Catalyzed Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Additions to Acyclic Enones: A Quantitative Structure—Property Relationship.
Authors: Luo Yunfei , Berry Neil G. , Carnell Andrew J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe chiral bicyclic diene ligand shown appears to be the most effective one with respect to yield and enantioselectivity among 18 bicylic ligands studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Biocatalytic Desymmetrization of meso‐N‐Heterocyclic Dicarboxamides and Their Application in the Construction of Aza‐Sugar Containing Nucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Chen Peng , Gao Ming , Wang De‐Xian , Zhao Liang , Wang Mei‐Xiang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe reaction provides an efficient method for the preparation of enantiomerically pure carbamoyl‐substituted heterocyclic amino acid derivatives (III), (V) as well as (VI).