bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation in dopamine moderates neural response during reward anticipation and delivery: Evidence from event‐related potentials
Authors: Foti Dan , Hajcak Greg 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have found moderating effects of dopamine genes during both the anticipation and delivery of rewards, particularly the catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) genotype. Event‐related potential studies, meanwhile, have focused on the stimulus‐preceding negativity (SPN) and the feedback negativity (FN) during reward anticipation and delivery, respectively. In anticipation of uncertain outcomes, we observed an increased SPN among Met homozygotes. We also observed an increased FN among Met homozygotes in response to outcome delivery, an effect that was driven primarily by an increased response to monetary gains. The COMT genotype moderates event‐related potential responses during both the anticipation and delivery of uncertain reward, suggesting that the SPN and FN are sensitive to dopaminergically mediated and reward‐related neural activity.
Cortical and autonomic responses to noxious stimulation during anesthesia in cardiac surgery patients are moderated by preanesthetic blood pressure levels
Authors: Messerotti Benvenuti Simone , Ring Christopher , Palomba Daniela , Baldanzi Fabrizio , Zanatta Paolo 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEvidence has revealed that elevated blood pressure is associated with reduced sensitivity to noxious stimulation. The current study investigated the association between resting blood pressure and nociception during anesthesia in 32 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Pain‐related middle latency cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (MLCEPs) elicited by noxious 50 mA median nerve stimulation were used to assess intraoperative nociception and algesia. Noxious stimulation elicited MLCEPs in 18 (56%) patients. Resting blood pressure was significantly higher in patients without MLCEP than those with MLCEP. Moreover, systolic blood pressure responses to intraoperative electrical stimulation of median nerve were blunted in the group without MLCEP compared to those with MLCEP. The current findings extend the hypertensive hypoalgesia phenomenon to the operating theatre.
Attenuated modulation of brain activity accompanies emotion regulation deficits in alexithymia
Authors: Pollatos Olga , Gramann Klaus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe personality trait alexithymia has been associated with deficits in emotion regulation; nevertheless, experimental investigations on this research question are sparse. We investigated reappraisal as one emotion regulation strategy in 44 healthy participants with high (HDA) versus low (LDA) degrees of alexithymia. High density EEG and spatiotemporal current density reconstruction were used to characterize the time course of emotion regulation and to identify brain regions involved. Main results were that reappraisal was accompanied by reduced arousal and significant amplitude reduction of P3 and slow wave in the LDA group only. In contrast to the LDA group, reappraisal was not associated with an increase of activation in fusiform gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus in the HDA group. We demonstrate profound deficits in emotion regulation, which might contribute to everyday problems of social functioning in alexithymia.
Purine nucleosides: endogenous neuroprotectants in hypoxic brain
Authors: Thauerer Bettina , zur Nedden Stephanie , Baier‐Bitterlich Gabriele 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 329–342.AbstractEven a short blockade of oxygen flow in brain may lead to the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and depletion of cellular ATP, which results in profound deficiencies in cellular function. Following ischemia, dying, injured, and hypoxic cells release soluble purine‐nucleotide and ‐nucleoside pools. Growing evidence suggests that purine nucleosides might act as trophic factors in the CNS and PNS. In addition to equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) regulating purine nucleoside concentrations intra‐ and extracellularly, specific extracellular receptor subtypes for these compounds are expressed on neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, mediating stunningly diverse effects. Such effects range from induction of cell differentiation, apoptosis, mitogenesis, and morphogenetic changes, to stimulation of synthesis and/or release of cytokines and neurotrophic factors under both physiological and pathological conditions. Multiple signaling pathways regulate the critical balance between cell death and survival in hypoxia–ischemia. A convergent pathway for the regulation of multiple modalities involved in O2 sensing is the mitogen activated protein kinase (p42/44 MAPK) or (ERK1/2 extracellular signal‐regulated kinases) pathway terminating in a variety of transcription factors, for example, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α. In this review, the coherence of purine nucleoside‐related pathways and MAPK activation in the endogenous neuroprotective regulation of the nervous system’s development and neuroplasticity under hypoxic stress will be discussed.
Adenosine A3 receptor is involved in ADP‐induced microglial process extension and migration
Authors: Ohsawa Keiko , Sanagi Tomomi , Nakamura Yasuko , Suzuki Eri , Inoue Kazuhide , Kohsaka Shinichi 
Published: February 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 217–227.AbstractThe extension of microglial processes toward injured sites in the brain is triggered by the stimulation of the purinergic receptor P2Y12 by extracellular ATP. We recently showed that P2Y12 stimulation by ATP induces microglial process extension in collagen gels. In the present study, we found that a P2Y12 agonist, 2‐methylthio‐ADP (2MeSADP), failed to induce the process extension of microglia in collagen gels and that co‐stimulation with adenosine, a phosphohydrolytic derivative of ATP, and 2MeSADP restored the chemotactic process extension. An adenosine A3 receptor (A3R)‐selective agonist restored the chemotactic process extension, but other receptor subtype agonists did not. The removal of adenosine by adenosine deaminase and the blocking of A3R by an A3R‐selective antagonist inhibited ADP‐induced process extension. The A3R antagonist inhibited ADP‐induced microglial migration, and an A3R agonist promoted 2MeSADP‐stimulated migration. ADP and the A3R agonist activated Jun N‐terminal kinase in microglia, and a Jun N‐terminal kinase inhibitor inhibited the ADP‐induced process extension. An RT‐PCR analysis showed that A1R and A3R were expressed by microglia sorted from adult rat brains and that the A2AR expression level was very low. These results suggested that A3R signaling may be involved in the ADP‐induced process extension and migration of microglia.
Uncoupling of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase by N‐arachidonoyl dopamine. Members of the endocannabinoid family as thermogenic drugs
Authors: Mahmmoud YA , Gaster M 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) plays a role in thermogenesis. The exogenous compound capsaicin increased SERCA‐mediated ATP hydrolysis not coupled to Ca2+ transport. Here, we have sought to identify endogenous compounds that may function as SERCA uncoupling agents.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Using isolated SR vesicles from rabbits, we have screened for endogenous compounds that uncouple SERCA. We have also studied their ability to deplete cytoplasmic ATP from human skeletal muscle cells in culture.KEY RESULTS Studies on SR vesicles showed that the endogenous lipid metabolite N‐arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) was a potent stimulator of SERCA uncoupling. NADA stabilized an E1‐like pump conformation that had a lower dephosphorylation rate, low affinity for Ca2+ at the luminal sites and a specific proteinase K cleavage pattern involving protection of the C‐terminal p83C fragment from further cleavage. Moreover, we found a significantly decreased cytoplasmic ATP levels following treatment of skeletal muscle cells with 100 nM NADA. This effect was dependent on the presence of glucose and abolished by pretreatment with the specific SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin, regardless of the presence of glucose.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NADA is an endogenous molecule that may function as SERCA uncoupling agent in vivo. Members of the endocannabinoid family exert concerted actions on several Ca2+‐handling proteins. Uncoupling of SERCA by exogenous compounds could be a novel post‐mitochondrial strategy for reduction of cellular ATP levels. In addition, signalling networks leading to SERCA uncoupling can be explored to study the importance of this ion pump in pathophysiological conditions related to metabolism.
Secondhand Smoking in Swedish Municipal Home Nursing: A Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Berg Agneta , Clausson Eva K. , Bökberg Christina 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore licensed practical nurses’ (LPNs’) views of being exposed to secondhand smoke in municipal home nursing care.Design and sampleUsing a qualitative approach, data were collected through three focus group interviews with 15 LPNs, smokers, and nonsmokers. Qualitative content analysis was used to interpret the interview text.ResultsExposure to secondhand smoke during working hours, which presents a risk to the health and wellbeing of the LPNs, is a consequence of placing the interests of the smoking care recipients first and the employers’ reluctance to take action on behalf of the LPNs. These factors prompted LPNs to propose solutions aimed at resolving a major dilemma in routine home nursing care.ConclusionsA combination of actions, particularly by managers, is required to improve the working environment for LPNs while concurrently respecting the care recipients’ right to take decisions in their own homes.
Green City
Authors: Ferrer Geraldo , Cortezia Sandro , Neumann Jaqueline Morbach 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThis research analyzes the Green City project in the town of Três Coroas, Brazil. We describe its management system, evaluating the change process and the economic, social, and environmental benefits since the recycling center has been in service. We demonstrate a successful case of operational and cultural change in the disposal of industrial waste, describing the key points that helped the adoption of a new set of procedures, and illustrating the role of the champion in the implementation of a symbiotic cluster.
Dosing Pattern Comparison Between Duloxetine and Pregabalin among Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Sun Peter , Zhao Yang , Zhao Zhenxiang , Bernauer Mark , Watson Peter 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjective:  To compare medication dosing patterns of duloxetine and pregabalin among patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP).Methods:  Applying a retrospective cohort study design on a large U.S. healthcare claims database, we examined the dosing patterns of duloxetine and pregabalin among commercially insured patients with DPNP aged 18 to 64 who initiated (a 90‐day medication gap) duloxetine or pregabalin therapy in 2006. Selected patients had continuous enrollment during the 12‐month pre‐ and post‐index periods. The index mediation was used to classified individuals into the duloxetine or pregabalin cohorts. Initial daily dose, average daily dose over the first post‐index year, and average daily dose of the first several prescriptions were estimated and compared across the cohorts.Results:  The study sample included 828 duloxetine and 1934 pregabalin‐treated patients with a mean age of 50 years. Cardiovascular diseases, neuropathic pain other than DPNP, osteoarthritis, and diabetic retinopathy were the most common comorbid conditions. The average initial daily doses were 54.3 and 171.8 mg for duloxetine and pregabalin, respectively. The average daily dose over the first post‐index year was 55.2 mg for duloxetine and 173.8 mg for pregabalin. The average daily dose for the first 10 duloxetine prescriptions ranged between 54.3 and 61.9 mg, but increased from 171.8 to 264.3 mg for pregabalin.Conclusions:  The commercially insured patients with DPNP who initiated duloxetine or pregabalin therapy had different dosing patterns. The average daily dose for duloxetine was relatively stable over time, while pregabalin‐treated patients had significant dose increase over the 12‐month post‐index period.
First Report of the Epiphytic Benthic Dinoflagellates Coolia canariensis and Coolia malayensis in the Waters off Jeju Island, Korea: Morphology and rDNA Sequences
Authors: Jeong Hae Jin , Yih Wonho , Kang Nam Seon , Lee Sung Yeon , Yoon Eun Young , Yoo Yeong Du , Kim Hyung Seop , Kim Jong Hyeok 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCoolia spp. are epiphytic and benthic dinoflagellates. Herein, we report for the first time, the occurrence of Coolia canariensis and Coolia malayensis in Korean waters. The morphology of the Korean strains of C. canariensis and C. malayensis isolated from the waters off Jeju Island, Korea was similar to that of the original Canary lslands strains and Malaysian strains, respectively. We found several pores and a line of small knobs on the pore plate, and perforations within the large pores of both C. canariensis and C. malayensis. The plates of the Korean strains of C. canariensis and C. malayensis were arranged in a Kofoidian series of Po, 3′, 7′′, 6c, 6s, 5′′′, and 2′′′′, and Po, 3′, 7′′, 7c, 6–7s, 5′′′, and 2′′′′, respectively. When properly aligned, the large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequence of the Korean strain of C. canariensis was identical to that of the Biscayan strains, but it was 2–3% different from the Canary lslands strain VGO0775 and the Australian strain. In addition, the sequences of small subunit (SSU) and/or LSU rDNA from the two Korean strains of C. malayensis were < 1% different from the Malaysian strains of C. malayensis and the Florida strain CCMP1345 and New Zealand strain CAWD39 (“Coolia monotis”). In phylogenetic trees based on LSU rDNA sequences, the Korean strains of C. malayensis belonged to a clade including the Malaysian strains and these two strains. Therefore, based on genealogical analyses, we suggest that the Korean strain of C. canariensis is closely related to two Atlantic strains and the Australian strain, whereas the Korean strains of C. malayensis are related to the Malaysian strains of C. malayensis and the Florida and New Zealand strains.
Bi‐layered collagen nano‐structured membrane prototype (collagen matrix 10826®) for oral soft tissue regeneration: an “in vitro” study
Authors: Nocini Pier Francesco , Zanotti Guglielmo , Castellani Roberto , Grasso Silvia , Cristofaro Maria Giulia , De Santis Daniele 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate fundamental cell functions, such as adhesion, IL‐6 production and proliferation of human gingival keratinocytes cultured on a newly engineered collagen matrix (CM‐10826) and to assess the degree of specific biocompatibility of this new device.Materials and methodsPrimary cultures of human keratinocytes were derived “in vitro” from biopsies of independent donors. Their true epithelial origin was ensured by the expression of cytokeratin 14. Adhesion, proliferation and production of IL‐6 cytokine was then measured in the presence or absence of CM‐10826 activity or of its relevant components.ResultsFunctional tests revealed that keratinocytes adhered to CM‐10826 and up‐regulated their basal IL‐6 production. The type of keratinocytes used expressed cytokeratin 14. Proliferation experiments demonstrated that the best cellular response was observed in the presence of Collagen I, the main component of CM‐10826. No undesired effects were observed as for keratinocyte viability, morphology or differentiation.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that CM‐10826 has a favourable biological effect on the “in vitro” response of gingival keratinocytes in terms of IL‐6 production, cell growth and adhesion. These findings may encourage a possible use of this collagen membrane as a tissue which, alone, may substitute for autologous gingival grafts thereby overcoming the limitations of autologous tissue.
Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia: unique histopathological findings in skin lesions
Authors: Leithauser Laurel A. , Mutasim Diya F. 
Published: February 2012

Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia (HMD) is a rare, autosomal dominantly inherited, multisystem disease thought to be caused by abnormalities in desmosomes and gap junctions. HMD affects the skin, mucosae, hair, eyes and lungs. Nearly all patients clinically display the triad of non‐scarring alopecia, well‐demarcated mucosal erythema and erythematous intertriginous plaques. Although histopathological findings of mucous membrane epithelium have been well characterized, only three reports have described histopathologic findings in the skin. We report a case with unique histopathological findings not previously reported in HMD.Leithauser LA, Mutasim DF. Hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia: unique histopathological findings in skin lesions.
Incidentally discovered distant cutaneous metastasis of sacral chordoma: a case with variation in S100 protein expression (compared to the primary tumor) and review of the literature
Authors: Collins George R. , Essary Lydia , Strauss James , Hino Peter , Cockerell Clay J. 
Published: February 2012

Chordomas represent rare malignant primary bone tumors most often occurring in the sacral area. These tumors uncommonly involve the skin and often follow a progressive course with multiple recurrences, metastases and eventual death. Reports of cutaneous metastases from chordoma are very rare. The immunohistochemical staining characteristics of these cutaneous metastases with comparison to the primary tumors are similarly rarely addressed in the literature. We report a rare case of incidentally discovered, small, solitary distant cutaneous metastasis of sacral chordoma that developed on the right upper back of a 44‐year‐old man with a history of multiple completely excised melanomas who had also been previously diagnosed with chordoma involving the sacrum 12 years earlier. We describe its pathologic features with comparison to the primary tumor and briefly review the literature. Immunohistochemically, the cutaneous metastasis and primary tumor both stained positively for pancytokeratin and vimentin, as expected. However, the cutaneous metastasis unexpectedly lacked S100 protein expression, whereas the primary tumor was S100 positive. This phenomenon has only been documented in one other case report. We demonstrate that late, incidentally discovered cutaneous metastasis with unexpected immunohistochemical staining features rarely occur and can present a diagnostic challengeCollins GR, Essary L, Strauss J, Hino P, Cockerell CJ. Incidentally discovered distant cutaneous metastasis of sacral chordoma: a case with variation in S100 protein expression (compared to the primary tumor) and review of the literature.
FluxEXPLORER: a new high‐speed laser Doppler imaging system for the assessment of burn injuries
Authors: Erba Paolo , Espinoza Daniel , Koch Nathalie , Christen Thierry , Serov Alexandre , Raffoul Wassim 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundDeep burn assessment made by clinical evaluation has an accuracy varying between 60% and 80% and will determine if a burn injury will need tangential excision and skin grafting or if it will be able to heal spontaneously. Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) techniques allow an improved burn depth assessment but their use is limited by the time‐consuming image acquisition which may take up to 6 min per image.MethodsTo evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of a newly developed full‐field LDI technology, 15 consecutive patients presenting with intermediate depth burns were assessed both clinically and by FluxExplorer LDI technology. Comparison between the two methods of assessment was carried out.ResultsImage acquisition was done within 6 s. FluxEXPLORER LDI technology achieved a significantly improved accuracy of burn depth assessment compared to the clinical judgement performed by board certified plastic and reconstructive surgeons (P < 0.05, 93% of correctly assessed burns injuries vs. 80% for clinical assessment).ConclusionTechnological improvements of LDI technology leading to a decreased image acquisition time and reliable burn depth assessment allow the routine use of such devices in the acute setting of burn care without interfering with the patient's treatment. Rapid and reliable LDI technology may assist clinicians in burn depth assessment and may limit the morbidity of burn patients through a minimization of the area of surgical debridement. Future technological improvements allowing the miniaturization of the device will further ease its clinical application.
Older Australians and physical activity levels: Do we know how many are meeting guidelines?
Authors: Hill Robert L , Brown Wendy J 
Published: February 2012

Aim:  Current recommendations suggest that older Australians (defined here as ≥65 years of age) should, for health benefits, accumulate 30 minutes of at least moderate intensity physical activity on most days each week. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion who meets this recommendation.Method:  Systematic review of scholarly journals published between 1 January 2000 and 5 October 2010.Results:  Of 357 potentially relevant papers, 22 met the study criteria. Estimates from the 15 studies with samples >500 suggest that between 25% and 55% of Australians ≥65 years were meeting guidelines, but in these studies definitions, measures and age ranges of participants varied widely.Discussion:  Because of the heterogeneity of samples, measures and definitions, it is not possible to estimate with confidence the proportion of older adults in Australia who meet current physical activity recommendations.
Evaluation of a Single Cell and Candidate Materials with High Water Content Hydrogen in a Generic Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Test Fixture, Part II: Materials and Interface Characterization
Authors: Chou Yeong‐Shyung , Stevenson Jeffry W. , Choi Jung‐Pyung 
Published: February 2012

A generic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) test fixture was developed to evaluate candidate materials under realistic operating conditions. A commercial 50 mm × 50 mm NiO‐YSZ anode‐supported thin YSZ electrolyte cell with lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM)/YSZ cathode was tested to evaluate the stability of candidate materials. The cell was tested in two stages at 800°C: stage I with low (~3% H2O) humidity and stage II with high (~30% H2O) humidity hydrogen fuel in constant voltage or constant current mode. Part I of the work, published previously, provided information regarding the generic test fixture design, materials, cell performance, and optical post‐mortem analysis. In part II, detailed microstructure and interfacial characterizations are reported regarding the SOFC candidate materials: (Mn,Co)‐spinel conductive coating, alumina coating for sealing area, ferritic stainless steel interconnect, refractory sealing glass, and their interactions with each other. Overall, the (Mn,Co)‐spinel coating was very effective in minimizing Cr migration. No Cr was identified in the cathode after 1720 h at 800°C. Aluminization of metallic interconnects also proved to be chemically compatible with alkaline‐earth silicate sealing glass. The details of interfacial reaction and microstructure development are discussed.
The politics of de‐delegation: Regulatory (in)dependence in Turkey
Authors: Ozel Isik 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis essay explores the rise and decline of regulatory independence in Turkey. Framing the ongoing process of limiting independence of these agencies as the politics of de‐delegation, it raises the question of why Turkish regulatory agencies have become subject to increasing political intervention. Contending that institutional legacies and mounting illiberal predispositions of the Turkish state facilitate the politics of de‐delegation, the essay focuses on centralization, executive discretion, and politicization of bureaucracy as the major institutional legacies. Then it briefly discusses formal and informal mechanisms of political intervention, which have impaired the independence of the regulatory agencies.