bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of moonlight illuminance, temperature and wind speed on light-trap catches of moths
Authors: McGeachie W. J 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA Robinson 125-W mercury-vapour light-trap was operated at an exposed site near Cranfield aerodrome, south-eastern England. The effects of moon-light, temperature and wind speed on light-trap catch were investigated. The dependent variable, In (catch +1), was compared with the independent variables moonlight illuminance, air temperature and wind speed, using multiple regression analysis. An algorithm was developed and used to estimate moonlight illuminance. Increases in mean illuminance and mean wind speed were associated with a decreased light-trap catch. Increases in mean temperature were associated with an increased catch. When the moth catch was broken down into individual families and species, other trends became apparent. Catches of noctuid moths were unaffected by variation in mean illuminance, although they were influenced by variation in mean temperature and mean wind speed. On the other hand, catches of crambine moths were very sensitive to fluctuations in mean illuminance and mean wind speed although unaffected by changes in mean temperature. The multiple regression equations were used to predict future light-trap catches. The correlations between observed and predicted In (catch +1) for (a) all moths, (b) noctuid moths and (c) crambine moths, were very good. It is suggested that the observed moonlight trend for crambine moths is a consequence of changing behaviour as moonlight illuminance changes rather than the alternative of changing light-trap effectiveness.
The three taro planthoppers: species recognition inTarophagus(Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Asche Manfred , Wilson Michael R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe taro-feeding delphacid genusTarophagusis revised. Three species are recognized:T. colocasiae(Matsumura) stat. rev. & comb. n. with whichT. proserpina taiwanensisWilson is synonymized;T. persephone(Kirkaldy) with whichT. proserpinoides(Muir) andT. proserpina australisFennah are synonymized; andT. prosperpina(Kirkaldy). The three species are separated by characters of the male and female genitalia, and each has a different distribution in Asia and the Pacific. Only in Papua New Guinea are all three species sympatric. Earlier studies on biology and pest status are reviewed in the light of these investigations.
A simulation model describing the population dynamics and damage potential of the rose grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the UK
Authors: Zhou X. , Carter N. , Mumford J. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMetopolophium dirhodum (Walker) is occasionally a pest of cereals in the UK. A simulation model was developed to study its population dynamics and damage potential. The model was initiated by the aphid immigration as measured by 12·2-m suction trap samples and with temperature as the major driving variable. It was validated with field observations from three contrasting years, 1979, 1985 and 1986. The model accurately predicted aphid populations and yield loss in a major outbreak year (1979) but was less accurate when densities were lower (1985 & 1986). Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed.
Two new species of Digonogastra Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitic on Neotropical pyralid borers (Lepidoptera) in maize, sorghum and surgane
Authors: Wharton R. A. , Smith J. W. , Quicke D. L. J. , Browning H. W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDigonogastra kimballi sp. n. and D. solitaria Wharton & Quicke sp. n. are described from Texas and Mexico. They attack stalk-boring pyralids in a variety of gramineous plants, including maize, sorghum and sugarcane. Known hosts are Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) and five species of Diatraea.
Mortality and life-tables of Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) compared on two host-plant species
Authors: Robertson Hamish G. , Hoffmann J. H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe performance of Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) as a biological control agent of the cactus weeds Opuntia ficus-indica and O. aurantiaca was assessed by compiling life-tables for each host-plant, in both a summer and a winter generation, at a site in South Africa. Egg predation, mostly by ants, ranged from 54 to 74% and was significantly higher on O. aurantiaca than on O. ficus-indica. Larval mortality on O. aurantiaca was high during the summer generation (65%), possibly because of dehydration of cladodes. Survival on O. aurantiaca was 55 and 60% of that on O. ficus-indica in the summer and winter generations, respectively. Adult mortality, calculated from the life-tables, was 45 and 84% in the summer and winter generations, respectively. The most important components of mortality were natural enemies in the summer generation and weather-related factors in the winter generation. Host-plant-related mortality was not as great as was formerly supposed.
Oviposition by the banded fruit weevil, Phlyctinus callosus (Schoenherr) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in deciduous fruit orchards in South Africa
Authors: Barnes B. N. , Pringle K. L. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOviposition sites of Phlyctinus callosus (Schoenherr) in an apple and a nectarine orchard in the South Western Cape, South Africa, were investigated. No eggs were found on the fruit trees, only in different fractions of the orchard floor, viz. in orchard weeds, leaf litter and soil. Significantly more oviposition took place in plant material on the orchard floor than in the top 20 mm of the soil. Microscopic dissection of samples of such plant material revealed that females prefer to oviposit in confined or hollow spaces in moist, live or decaying plant tissue on the soil surface or in weeds comprising the cover-crop. P. callosus females favoured certain weeds above others for oviposition. The dispersion pattern of eggs in the cover-crop was contagious. The implications of the observed ovipostion behaviour in terms of control strategy, and for exploitation in a monitoring system for this species, are discussed.
Comparison of lipid-free haemoglobin and stroma-contaminated haemoglobin diets for adults of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Kapatsa G. , Spates G. E. , Sheffield C. L. , DeLoach J. R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAdults of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) that fed on stroma-contaminated haemoglobin plus bovine serum albumin had normal survival, fecundity and egg hatch. Feeding on haemoglobin from which the erythrocyte membrane strome had been removed, together with bovine serum albumin, reduced fecundity to zero. The addition of membrane ghost preparation to a lipid-free haemoglobin and bovine serum albumin diet restored the essential nutrients for normal fly fecundity. For normal reproduction therefore, S. calcitrans adults require erythrocyte stroma.
The taxonomy of New World microgastrine braconids (Hymenoptera) parasitic onDiatraeaspp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Austin A. D. , Dangerfield P. C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe taxonomy of species in the braconid subfamily Microgastrinae that parasitize the larvae ofDiatraeain the New World is reviewed and a brief diagnosis of each species provided.Apanteles fredisp. n. is described from Guatemala and its relationships discussed. Information on the distribution, host associations and range in variation of species is provided, along with a revised and illustrated key to facilitate their identification.
The use of 131I, 125I and aggressive behaviour to determine the foraging area of Hodotermes mossambicus (Hagen) (Isoptera: Hodotermitidae)
Authors: Van der Linde T. C. De K. , Hewitt P. H. , Van Der Westhuizen M. C. , Mitchell Jannette 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLucerne labelled with 131I or 125I was used to mark field colonies of the harvester termite Hodotermes mossambicus (Hagen) in South Africa. The foraging area was delineated by plotting the distribution range of radioactive workers collected on the soil surface over a period of up to 57 days. Foraging areas of single colonies varied between 0.5 and 3.1 ha. These areas were not necessarily the exclusive territory of a single colony. Inter-worker aggression assays confirmed these conclusions.
Identification, occurrence and pest status of Toxoptera odinae (van der Goot) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Africa
Authors: Martin J. H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe importance of Toxoptera species as agricultural pests is briefly discussed, along with the recent discovery in Africa of T. odinae (van der Goot). Banana is recorded as an unusual new host-plant record, and a table of other hosts is presented. The genus Toxoptera is defined and a key to species given.
Human helminth parasite burdens on cyclorrhaphan flies (Diptera) trapped at an aboriginal settlement in Malaysia
Authors: Sulaiman Sallehudin , Sohadi Abdul Rahim , Jeffery John 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe human helminth parasite burdens on cyclorrhaphan flies was studied in an aboriginal settlement in Malaysia in 1987–88. Chrysomya megacephala (F.), which formed 79.5% of total fly population trapped in this settlement, had eggs of the roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides, the pinworm Trichuris trichiura and hookworm (Necator americanus and/or Ancylostoma duodenale) on the external body surface and gut lumen. There was a close correlation between monthly rainfall and the mean numbers of C. megacephala caught per two trap-hours. Eggs (but no larvae) of the parasites were found on flies when the monthly rainfall and the C. megacephala population were relatively high, in April-June 1987, October-November 1987 and March 1988. Human helminth eggs were also isolated from C. rufifacies (Macquart) and Hemipyrellia tagaliana (Bigot), being recorded from the latter in Malaysia for the first time.
Susceptibility baselines for DDT metabolism and related enzyme systems in the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Authors: El-Sayed S. , Hemingway J. , Lane R. P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDDT metabolism in Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) was investigated and compared to that in DDT-resistant and susceptible strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Anopheles gambiae Giles with the objective of establishing baselines for sandfly studies. P. papatasi produced eight metabolites of DDT, with DDE predominating, as in the two mosquito species. Both oxidases and glutathione transferases were found to be involved in DDT metabolism in insecticide-susceptible adults of P. papatasi. The activity level of glutathione transferases and the reduced and oxidized difference spectra of cytochrome P-450 were measured spectrophotometrically. The level of glutathione transferase activity in P. papatasi was lower than that in susceptible C. quinquefasciatus adults when expressed in terms of the activity per milligram of soluble protein but, in contrast, the cytochrome P-450 was slightly higher in both the reduced and oxidized states.
An airborne radar technique for studying insect migration
Authors: Hobbs S. E. , Wolf W. W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAn airborne radar system able to measure insect density profiles and the orientation of individual insect targets was developed using standard components. Using the system, typical moth targets, with a radar cross-section of 1 cm2, can be detected to a range of about 1 km. Signals from 48 separate height bands, each 15 m deep, are recorded on three analogue data channels. Analogue outputs related to aerial population per hectare can be viewed in real-time. Signals recorded during recent field work show an inclined layer over a track length of 30 km, with target orientation profiles at two positions along the layer. The strongest orientation occurred in regions of wind shear. Airborne entomological radar powerfully complements existing techniques by virtue of its mobility, providing unique opportunities to study the spatial organization of migration, to track features as they develop and to survey large areas.
Field responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to odours of men, lactic acid and carbon dioxide
Authors: Vale G. A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe numbers of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw. and G. pallidipes Aust. attracted to odour at a distance were studied by catches in Zimbabwe-Rhodesia from an electrocuting net near a stationary odour source. Also, the numbers of flies attracted to an ox and the proportion of flies engorging on it when it was sprayed with L-lactic acid were assessed from the numbers of fed and unfed flies caught by a pair of nets around the penned bait. The body odour of men depressed by up to four-fifths the numbers attracted to ox odour from a distance. Lactic acid, which was shown to occur on human skin, produced a similar effect, and when sprayed on an ox it reduced by about half the proportion of attracted flies that engorged. Human breath was mildly attractive, due largely or entirely to its content of carbon dioxide.
The Banana Fruit-scarring Beetle (Colaspis hyperchlora, Lef.)
Authors: Gowdey C. C. 
Published: July 2009

During recent years banana plantations in some parts of tropical America have suffered somewhat severely from attacks of a Eumolpid beetle, Colaspis hyperchlora, Lefevre (1878). This species has up to now been recorded from the following countries : Colombia (type locality), British Guiana, Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, British Honduras and Mexico.The egg is pale lemon-yellow in colour, becoming brownish as the embryo approaches maturity, and broadly oval in shape with one end slightly more acute than the other ; length, 1·2 mm. The larva is whitish, with the head somewhat amber-coloured, the body being slender and hairy ; length, 1–1·5 mm. The pupa is dirty yellow, becoming darker as the adult becomes ready to emerge.The eggs are deposited singly or in clusters varying in number from 5 to 45, in cavities gnawed by the female in the leaf-sheath of bananas near the crown just above the surface of the ground, on the surface roots in natural depressions or in cavities made by the female, and on the surface roots of the old “ mats.” The duration of the egg stage is from 7 to 9 days.The larvae feed on the young roots, gnawing the soft epidermal tissues of the older roots, into which they tunnel. The duration of the larval stage is from 20 to 22 days.
Larva of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) pulchritarsis, Rond., var. stegomyina, Stack. & Montch., nov., from Turkestan
Authors: Montchadsky H. S. 
Published: July 2009

So far as I know the larva of Aëdes pulchritarsis has not yet been described. Meanwhile, some of the peculiarities of its external anatomy and biology are worth recording.The adults that I have bred from these larvae have been kindly determined by Mr. A. A. Stackelberg and described in his “ Revision of the Mosquitos of U.R.S.S.” With his kind permission I take the liberty of citing the description of this new variety from his manuscript.
The South American Boll-worm of Cotton (Sacadodes pyralis, Dyar)
Authors: Withycombe C. L. 
Published: July 2009

In 1925 a brief generalised account was given of the biology of Sacadodes pyralis, Dyar, a Noctuiid moth that appeared likely to prove to be a serious pest of cotton, should the cultivation of this crop be taken up on a large scale in Trinidad. Previously little attention appears to have been paid to the potential danger, which the writer considers to be very real.Sacadodes is not only very closely allied to Diparopsis castanea, Hampson, the Sudan bollworm, but it is also remarkably similar to that insect both in the general facies of all stages (Plates xxi and xxii) and in its bionomics.
Some Insects associated with Cotton in Papua and the Mandated Territory of New Guinea
Authors: Ballard E. 
Published: July 2009

In the following paper is given a list of cotton pests of Papua and New Guinea, with some notes on distribution and behaviour. The list makes no pretensions to being complete, but might prove useful in the event of cotton-growing being extended in that region.In August 1925, instructions were received to accompany Mr. G. Evans, C.I.E., then Director of Cotton Culture to the Queensland Government, on a tour of cotton areas potential and actual in Papua and the Mandated Territory of New Guinea.We sailed from Brisbane on 13th August and returned on 30th October. Of the short time at our disposal some 40 odd days were spent at sea. In consequence, the time available for collecting entomological material was not as much as might have been desired.
Methods for collecting Parasites of Earwigs
Authors: Davies W. Maldwyn 
Published: July 2009

It is widely known that the biological method for the control of insect pests is receiving considerable attention from Economic Entomologists at the present day. One of the insects against which this method is being tried is the common earwig (Forficula auricularia), which is a very serious pest of orchards, etc., in such countries as New Zealand where it it has been accidentally introduced from Europe.Through co-operation between the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, Rothamsted Experimental Station, and the Cawthron Institute, Nelson, attempts have been made to control the earwig in New Zealand by the introduction of two Tachinid flies that are parasitic on it, Digonochaeta setipennis, Fln., and Rhacodineura antiqua, Meig. These flies are obligatory parasites, being entirely dependent on this particular host for the completion of their life-cycle, and they are lethal in effect. The larvae having emerged from their dead or moribund host, soon pupate, and it is in the pupal stadium that these insects can most conveniently be transmitted in cold storage. Mr. A. M. Altson, of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, was in charge of this work in England in 1924 and 1925, but, unfortunately, owing to ill-health he was obliged to give it up. In the autumn of 1926, at the request of Dr. Tillyard, it was decided to forward a further batch of parasitic puparia to New Zealand. For this purpose large quantities of earwigs had to be captured in the field, and transferred to cages in the laboratory, in order that the parasites which emerged from the earwigs could be collected.
The Introduction of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Muls., into Egypt
Authors: Hall W. J. 
Published: July 2009

The activities of the Australian Ladybird beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Muls., are too well known to need recapitulation. It is sufficient to say that it has been introduced into many countries with a greater or lesser degree of success, generally for the control of “ mealy-bugs.”The introduction of this beneficial insect into Egypt may present certain features of interest to other workers in spite of the fact that there is a great deal yet to be done. Series of experiments have been designed to elucidate certain points, but owing to the departure of the writer from Egypt these have been left to others to carry out. A detailed account of this work had been planned for a later date, but in the circumstances it may be as well to place on record what has been done up to the present time.
On some Aphides infesting Tulips
Authors: Davidson J. 
Published: July 2009

During 1925–1926 a number of tulip bulbs and iris corms infested with Aphides were received from various sources, as well as Aphides from growing tulips. These species were reared and observations made on the progress of the infestation on tulips. It is evident that one species Anuraphis tulipae (B. de Fonsc.) is a serious pest of stored bulbs, especially tulips, and another species, Rhopalosiphoninus tulipaella (Theo.), may also be of importance in this respect. Since these two species are not well known, it may be desirable to give detailed drawings of the species together with some notes on the observations made. It is hoped that the complete life-cycles and alternative food-plants of these species may be traced later.In addition to the two species mentioned above, Macrosiphum gei (Koch) and Myzus persicae (Sulz.) were also found infesting tulips.
A Note on Simulium bancrofti, Taylor, with the Description of a new Species of Simulium (Dipt.)
Authors: Taylor Frank H. 
Published: July 2009

Simulium bancrofti, Taylor (Plate V, figs. 1–5).Head : Width of the frons slightly less than half that of the whole head ; antennae short, about two-thirds the width of the head ; first three segments cyathiform, the first slightly broader than long, a little less than half the length, and slightly more than half the width of the third ; second segment one-third longer than wide ; segments 4–7 inclusive approximately the same length ; the fourth a little wider than segments 5–7, which are all of about the same width ; penultimate longer than 4–7 individually ; apical segment moderately long and somewhat cone-shaped. Palpi five-jointed ; first joint cyathiform, with an apical row of four bristles, the two outer ones longer than the second segment ; the latter oblong, its sides nearly parallel, also with an apical row of bristles of about the length of the inner two on the first segment ; first and second segments together half the length of the third, the latter somewhat obovate, tapering slightly distally ; fourth almost pear-shaped, tapering basally, shorter than the third (11 : 14) ; fifth fusiform, tapering to a blunt point at both extremities and very little longer than the third, with a few scattered hairs, especially on its apex. Legs : fore femora and tibiae dilated ; first tarsal joint tapering very slightly at its base, a little more than half the length of the tibia (27 : 46), outer edge with a dense fringe of spinules, except on its basal fifth, apex with a stout spine on its outer apical angle ; base of second joint narrower than apex, lower surface with numerous spinules, especially on the distal two-thirds, apex with two stout spines, one on either side ; third and fourth joints cyathiform, the former one-third longer than the latter ; fourth with a deep median depression for almost half the length of the tarsus, forming the socket of the fifth ; third joint with numerous spinules on its distal two-thirds and an apical row of moderately long spines, the outermost the longest ; fourth joint sparsely covered with fairly long hairs, apex with four long, stout bristles, two on either side of the base of the fifth joint ; the latter pear-shaped, a little more than twice the length of the fourth, with a few fairly long hairs on its distal half ; claws short, almost straight, not toothed. Mid leg with the tibiae dilated, with a long, stout, external, apical spine ; first tarsal joint not dilated, a fringe of spinules along its outer margin and a few scattered ones over its ventral surface ; second joint with the spinules on the outer margin increasing in length and stoutness apically ; third joint similar to that of fore leg and without spinules ; fourth and fifth similar to those of fore leg ; joints 2 to 5 distinctly hairy.
Studies in African Tachinidae (Diptera).—II
Authors: Curran C. H. 
Published: July 2009

In several previously published papers dealing with African Diptera I have described a number of species belonging to the genus Sturmia, Desvoidy, but up to the present time have not had sufficient material available to warrant the preparation of a key to the species, nor have I had an opportunity of studying the species in sufficient detail to decide upon characters of value in their classification. However, since many species were reared and it was desirable to have names for them in order that they might be used in reports by various Entomologists in Africa, a number of the species were described, and it has since been possible to make considerable progress in the study of the whole. As a result a key to the species belonging to this genus is now presented, and it is hoped that it will be of assistance in identifying the representatives of this difficult group.It is further hoped that arrangements may be made in the near future for the publication of a key to the genera of the Tachinidae, since it is obvious that with the very large number of genera described, the description of an additional genus, or even of new species in old genera, conveys little of the true relationships of the forms described and merely adds to the difficulty of making determinations.