bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
True identity by immunohistochemistry and molecular morphology of undifferentiated malignancies of the head and neck
Authors: Carbone Antonino , Gloghini Annunziata , Rinaldo Alessandra , Devaney Kenneth O. , Tubbs Raymond , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough conventional squamous carcinomas can often be recognized with little difficulty by experienced pathologists, it remains a fact that a substantial number of head and neck malignancies are capable of posing real challenges to the diagnostic pathologist. Those head and neck tumors showing the least kinship with normal host tissues—that is, the undifferentiated malignancies—are a particular problem and an approach to dealing with them is traced out below. As a matter of basic light microscopy, these tumors can usually be relegated to 1 of 4 categories: small round cell tumors, spindle cell tumors, large polygonal cell (epithelioid) tumors, and pleomorphic tumors. Once they have been so subclassified, these lesions can then be studied by immunohistochemistry and, when necessary, by molecular methods as well. Immunohistochemistry often permits these tumors to be assigned to a particular tissue type, specifically, epithelial, mesenchymal, lymphoid, or melanocytic. Application of additional immunohistochemical antibodies, in turn, can permit further refinement of this impression (eg, allowing distinction of a neuroendocrine tumor from a carcinoma). In selected instances, molecular techniques (such as in situ hybridization) may be employed both for diagnostic as well as for prognostic purposes. It should be borne in mind, however, that the pathologist's diagnosis will sometimes only be as good as the clinical information provided, which is why the diagnosis of undifferentiated malignancies of the head and neck truly is a multifaceted process, demanding the close cooperation of pathologists, clinicians, and radiologists. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Primary laryngeal lymphoma: Report of 3 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Markou Konstantinos , Goudakos John , Constantinidis John , Kostopoulos Ioannis , Vital Victor , Nikolaou Angelos 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundExtranodal lymphomas limited to the larynx are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all laryngeal neoplasms. The aim of this study was to report the experience of our department in the management of these aggressive lesions, as they require special diagnostic and therapeutic attention.MethodsThe case records of 3 patients with the diagnosis of lymphoma involving the larynx were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe histopathological diagnosis revealed 1 case of marginal zone lymphoma mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue type, 1 case of T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma, and 1 case of a rare coexistence of in situ squamous cell carcinoma with an isolated intravascular (angioimmunoblastic) lymphoma of peripheral T‐cell origin. Details of the presentation, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and outcome of these patients were presented.ConclusionsPrimary laryngeal lymphoma is a rare entity. Early symptoms are subtle and nonspecific, and confirmation of the diagnosis is often difficult. Because of the rarity of this tumor type, the optimal management remains controversial and it seems that should be managed not as a distinct disease entity but as an unusual presentation of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, according to the recent treatment trends. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors in head and neck cancer
Authors: Cooper Jonathan B. , Cohen Ezra Eddy Wyssam 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a receptor tyrosine kinase that activates multiple signaling pathways, including phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase/v‐AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog protein (Akt), has long been a target of novel therapies. Despite universal EGFR expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the majority of patients do not respond to EGFR inhibitors. This review focuses on mechanisms of resistance to these agents in HNSCC, and how these may be unique when compared with other malignancies such as non‐small cell lung and colorectal cancers. Published studies and abstracts reveal that there are likely several mechanisms underlying resistance, suggesting that different strategies will be required to improve efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in HNSCC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Acupuncture for radiation‐induced xerostomia in patients with cancer: A pilot study
Authors: Garcia M. Kay , Chiang Joseph S. , Cohen Lorenzo , Liu Meide , Palmer J. Lynn , Rosenthal David I. , Wei Qi , Tung Samuel , Wang Congjun , Rahlfs Thomas , Chambers Mark S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot study evaluated if acupuncture can alleviate radiation‐induced xerostomia among patients with cancer. Secondary objectives were to assess the effects of acupuncture on salivary flow and quality of life (QOL).MethodsNineteen patients received acupuncture twice a week for 4 weeks.ResultsXerostomia inventory (XI) and patient benefit questionnaire (PBQ) scores were significantly better after acupuncture on weeks 4 and 8 than at baseline (XI: p = .0004 and .0001; PBQ: p = .0004 and .0011, respectively). For QOL at weeks 4 and 8, there was a significant difference for questions related to head/neck cancer (p = .04 and .006, respectively). At week 8, there was a significant difference in physical well‐being (p = .04). At weeks 5 and 8, there were significant differences in the total score (p = .04 and .03, respectively).ConclusionsAcupuncture was effective for radiation‐induced xerostomia in this small pilot study. Further research is needed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Comparative study on chronic tissue damage after cordectomies using either CO2 laser or microdissection electrodes
Authors: Zapater Enrique , Frías Soledad , Pérez Ana , Basterra Jorge 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackground.This study compared the chronic damage to laryngeal soft tissues produced by microdissection electrodes and a CO2 laser after cordectomies.Methods.We included patients who were operated on to treat T1 glottic carcinomas and needed a second laryngeal surgery. We examined specimens from 6 patients each operated on with a CO2 laser or microdissection electrodes. The specimens were processed using Masson trichrome. We studied the grade and level of collagenization and analyzed relationships with age, interval between surgical procedures, and device.Results.Control samples showed low collagenization. Second samples showed moderate collagenization, which was similar regardless of whether microdissection electrodes or a CO2 laser was used. A relationship was observed between the level of collagenization and interval between surgeries, irrespective of the surgical procedure used.Conclusions.The chronic vocal fold tissue damage produced by a CO2 laser and microdissection electrodes was similar. In our series, the vocal fold scar was completed between weeks 12 and 20. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Oxidative stress induces anti-hepatitis C virus status via the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase #
Authors: Yano Masahiko , Ikeda Masanori , Abe Ken-ichi , Kawai Yoshinari , Kuroki Misao , Mori Kyoko , Dansako Hiromichi , Ariumi Yasuo , Ohkoshi Shougo , Aoyagi Yutaka , Kato Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Recently, we reported that β-carotene, vitamin D2, and linoleic acid inhibited hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication in hepatoma cells. Interestingly, in the course of the study, we found that the antioxidant vitamin E negated the anti-HCV activities of these nutrients. These results suggest that the oxidative stress caused by the three nutrients is involved in their anti-HCV activities. However, the molecular mechanism by which oxidative stress induces anti-HCV status remains unknown. Oxidative stress is also known to activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Therefore, we hypothesized that oxidative stress induces anti-HCV status via the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK)–ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In this study, we found that the MEK1/2-specific inhibitor U0126 abolished the anti-HCV activities of the three nutrients in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, U0126 significantly attenuated the anti-HCV activities of polyunsaturated fatty acids, interferon-γ, and cyclosporine A, but not statins. We further demonstrated that, with the exception of the statins, all of these anti-HCV nutrients and reagents actually induced activation of the MEK–ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which was inhibited or reduced by treatment not only with U0126 but also with vitamin E. We also demonstrated that phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by cyclosporine A was attenuated with N-acetylcysteine treatment and led to the negation of inhibition of HCV RNA replication. We propose that a cellular process that follows ERK1/2 phosphorylation and is specific to oxidative stimulation might lead to down-regulation of HCV RNA replication. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the involvement of the MEK–ERK1/2 signaling pathway in the anti-HCV status induced by oxidative stress in a broad range of anti-HCV reagents. This intracellular modulation is expected to be a therapeutic target for the suppression of HCV RNA replication. (Hepatology 2009.)
Sites and mechanisms of insulin resistance in nonobese, nondiabetic patients with chronic hepatitis C #
Authors: Vanni Ester , Abate Maria Lorena , Gentilcore Elena , Hickman Ingrid , Gambino Roberto , Cassader Maurizio , Smedile Antonina , Ferrannini Ele , Rizzetto Mario , Marchesini Giulio , Gastaldelli Amalia , Bugianesi Elisabetta 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has been associated with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance, but the extent of impairment in insulin action, the target pathways involved, and the role of the virus per se have not been defined. In this study, we performed a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (1 mU · minute−1 · kg−1) coupled with infusion of tracers ([6,6-2H2]glucose, [2H5]glycerol) and indirect calorimetry in 14 patients with biopsy-proven CHC, who were selected not to have any features of the metabolic syndrome, and in seven healthy controls. We also measured liver expression of inflammatory cytokines/mediators and tested their association with the metabolic parameters. Compared to controls, in patients with CHC: (1) total glucose disposal (TGD) during the clamp was 25% lower (P = 0.003) due to impaired glucose oxidation (P = 0.0002), (2) basal endogenous glucose production (EGP) was 20% higher (P = 0.011) and its suppression during the clamp was markedly reduced (P = 0.007), and (3) glycerol appearance was not different in the basal state or during the clamp, but lipid oxidation was less suppressed by insulin (P = 0.004). Lipid oxidation was higher in patients with CHC who had more steatosis and was directly related to EGP, TGD, and glucose oxidation. The decreased insulin-stimulated suppression of EGP was associated with increased hepatic suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3; P < 0.05) and interleukin-18 (P < 0.05) expression. Conclusion: Hepatitis C infection per se is associated with peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance. Substrate competition by increased lipid oxidation and possibly enhanced hepatic expression of inflammatory cytokines/mediators could be involved in the defective glucose regulation. (Hepatology 2009.)
The membrane-bound bile acid receptor TGR5 is localized in the epithelium of human gallbladders #
Authors: Keitel Verena , Cupisti Kenko , Ullmer Christoph , Knoefel Wolfram T. , Kubitz Ralf , Häussinger Dieter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTGR5 (Gpbar-1) is a plasma membrane-bound, G protein–coupled receptor for bile acids. TGR5 messenger RNA (mRNA) has been detected in many tissues, including rat cholangiocytes and mouse gallbladder. A role for TGR5 in gallstone formation has been suggested, because TGR5 knockout mice did not develop gallstones when fed a lithogenic diet. In this study, expression and localization of TGR5 was studied in human gallbladders. TGR5 mRNA and protein were detected in all 19 gallbladders. Although TGR5 mRNA was significantly elevated in the presence of gallstones, no such relation was found for TGR5 protein levels. In order to study the localization of TGR5 in human gallbladders, a novel antibody was generated. The receptor was localized in the apical membrane and the rab11-positive recycling endosome of gallbladder epithelial cells. Furthermore, the TGR5 staining colocalized with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate–regulated chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the apical sodium-dependent bile salt uptake transporter, suggesting a functional coupling of TGR5 to bile acid uptake and chloride secretion. Stimulation with bile acids significantly increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentration in human gallbladder tissue. Incubation of gallbladder epithelial cells with a TGR5 agonist led to a rise ofN-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide (MQAE)-fluorescence, suggestive of a decrease in intracellular chloride concentration. The TGR5 agonist–dependent increase in MQAE-fluorescence was absent in TGR5 knockout mice or in the presence of a CFTR inhibitor, indicating that TGR5 mediates chloride secretion via activation of CFTR. The presence of the receptor in both the plasma membrane and the recycling endosome indicate that TGR5 can be regulated by translocation.Conclusion:The data suggest a role for TGR5 in bile acid–induced fluid secretion in biliary epithelial cells. (Hepatology 2009.)
Strain-dependent viral dynamics and virus-cell interactions in a novel in vitro system supporting the life cycle of blood-borne hepatitis C virus #
Authors: Aly Hussein Hassan , Qi Yue , Atsuzawa Kimie , Usuda Nobuteru , Takada Yasutsugu , Mizokami Masashi , Shimotohno Kunitada , Hijikata Makoto 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We developed an in vitro system that can be used for the study of the life cycle of a wide variety of blood-borne hepatitis C viruses (HCV) from various patients using a three-dimensional hollow fiber culture system and an immortalized primary human hepatocyte (HuS-E/2) cell line. Unlike the conventional two-dimensional culture, this system not only enhanced the infectivity of blood-borne HCV but also supported its long-term proliferation and the production of infectious virus particles. Both sucrose gradient fractionation and electron microscopy examination showed that the produced virus-like particles are within a similar fraction and size range to those previously reported. Infection with different HCV strains showed strain-dependent different patterns of HCV proliferation and particle production. Fluctuation of virus proliferation and particle production was found during prolonged culture and was found to be associated with change in the major replicating virus strain. Induction of cellular apoptosis was only found when strains of HCV-2a genotype were used for infection. Interferon-alpha stimulation also varied among different strains of HCV-1b genotypes tested in this study. Conclusion: These results suggest that this in vitro infection system can reproduce strain-dependent events reflecting viral dynamics and virus-cell interactions at the early phase of blood-borne HCV infection, and that this system can allow the development of new anti-HCV strategies specific to various HCV strains. (Hepatology 2009.)
Field study of macropore flow processes using tension infiltration of a dye tracer in partially saturated soils
Authors: Cey Edwin E. , Rudolph David L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMacropores are important preferential pathways for the migration of water and contaminants through the vadose zone. The objective of this study was to examine small‐scale preferential flow processes during infiltration in macroporous, low permeability soils. A series of tension infiltration tests were conducted using Brilliant Blue dye tracer at two field sites in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The maximum applied pressure head was varied for each test and the resulting dye stain patterns and macropore networks were characterized by excavation, mapping, photography, and image analysis. Worm burrows were the dominant macropore type, with average macropore densities exceeding 400 m−2 and peak densities of more than 750 m−2 at 30 cm depth at both sites. Flow in macropores became significant at infiltration pressures > − 3 cm, with corresponding increases in infiltration rate, soil water content variability (spatially and temporally), and depth of dye staining. The results demonstrated clear evidence for partially saturated macropore flow under porewater tension conditions and the associated importance of macropore–matrix interaction in controlling this flow. Field observations of transient infiltration showed that film and rivulet flow along macropores yielded vertical flow velocities exceeding 40 m d−1. Simple calculations showed that film flow along the walls and corners of irregularly shaped macropores could explain the observed results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of HSP70 on activating macrophages using PDT‐induced apoptotic cells
Authors: Zhou Feifan , Xing Da , Chen Wei R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough anti‐tumor immunological responses have been mainly associated with necrosis, apoptosis‐associated immune responses have been recently suggested as well. In this study, we investigated anti‐tumor immune responses and regulatory mechanisms of HSP70 using apoptotic cells induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT). The relationships between HSP70 release, HSP70 translocation and macrophage responses were studied using confocal fluorescence microscopy, FACS and ELISA. Macrophages incubated with apoptotic cells as well as necrotic tumor cells showed a high level of TNFα secretion. Apoptotic cells but not the apoptotic cell supernatants induced TNFα secretion. During both necrosis and apoptosis processes, the TNFα production was diminished drastically when HSP70 or TLR‐2 was inhibited. After the PDT treatment, cytoplasmic HSP70 was released from the necrotic cells, while HSP70 rapidly translocated to the surface of the apoptotic cells. Furthermore, the TNFα secretion and the tumor cytotoxicity of splenocytes from mice immunized with apoptotic cells appeared similar to that of splenocytes immunized with necrotic cells. Our in vitro and in vivo results show that apoptosis can potentially have higher impact in inducing immunological responses, hence clarifying the immunological regulatory mechanisms of HSP70 under cell apoptosis and necrosis induced by PDT treatment. These findings could lead to an optimal PDT treatment based on immunological responses. © 2009 UICC
Predicting nominal exchange rate movements using skewness information from options prices
Authors: Ratcliff Ryan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper uses a measure of the relative price of out‐of‐the‐money (OTM) European put and call currency options to forecast daily movements in the dollar/euro exchange rate over the period of January 2002–June 2004. As these OTM options are pure bets on future movements of the exchange rate, their relative price contains information about the market's estimate of the relative probabilities of appreciation or depreciation of the euro over the life of the options. Forecasts that include the relative price of the OTM options offer significantly better out‐of‐sample predictions of tomorrow's exchange rate than either the simple random walk or an interest rate parity model. These results offer new insight into the puzzle of the day‐to‐day volatility of currency prices that should be driven by slow‐moving macro fundamentals. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photonics‐based In Vivo total hemoglobin monitoring and clinical relevance
Authors: McMurdy John , Jay Gregory , Suner Selim , Crawford Gregory 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAnemia is a serious disorder which, as a result of antiquated invasive blood testing, is undiagnosed in millions of people in the U.S. As a result of the clinical need, many technological solutions have been proposed to measure total blood hemoglobin, and thus diagnose anemia, noninvasively. Because hemoglobin is the strongest chromophore in tissue, spectroscopic methods have been the most prevalently investigated. Difficulties in extracting a quantitative estimation of hemoglobin based on tissue absorption include variability in the absorption spectra of hemoglobin derivatives, interference from other tissue chromophores, and interpatient physiological variations affecting the effective optical pathlength of light propagating in tissue. In spite of these challenges, studies with a high degree of correlation between in vitro and in vivo measured total hemoglobin have been disclosed using variants of transmission and diffuse reflection spectroscopy in assorted physiological locations. A review of these technologies and the relevant advantages/disadvantages are presented here. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of different modifications of a calcium phosphate bone cement on adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Vater Corina , Lode Anja , Bernhardt Anne , Reinstorf Antje , Heinemann Christiane , Gelinsky Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCollagen and noncollagenous proteins of the extracellular bone matrix are able to stimulate bone cell activities and bone healing. The modification of calcium phosphate bone cements used as temporary bone replacement materials with these proteins seems to be a promising approach to accelerate new bone formation. In this study, we investigated adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) on Biocement D/collagen composites which have been modified with osteocalcin and O‐phospho‐L‐serine. Modification with osteocalcin was carried out by its addition to the cement precursor before setting as well as by functionalization of the cement samples after setting and sterilization. hBMSC were cultured on these samples for 28 days with and without osteogenic supplements. We found a positive impact especially of the phosphoserine‐modifications but also of both osteocalcin‐modifications on differentiation of hBMSC indicated by higher expression of the osteoblastic markers matrix metalloproteinase‐13 and bone sialo protein II. For hBMSC cultured on phosphoserine‐containing composites, an increased proliferation has been observed. However, in case of the osteocalcin‐modified samples, only osteocalcin adsorbed after setting and sterilization of the cement samples was able to promote initial adhesion and proliferation of hBMSC. The addition of osteocalcin before setting results in a finer microstructure but the biological activity of osteocalcin might be impaired due to the sterilization process. Thus, our data indicate that the initial adhesion and proliferation of hBMSC is enhanced rather by the biological activity of osteocalcin than by the finer microstructure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010