bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of depressive disorders in the elderly
Authors: Barua Ankur , Ghosh MK , Kar N , Basilio MA 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
Background: The community-based mental health studies have revealed that the point prevalence of depressive disorders in the elderly population of the world varies between 10% and 20% depending on cultural situations. Objective: To determine the median prevalence rates of depressive disorders in the elderly population of India and various other countries in the world. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study based on meta-analysis of various study reports. Setting: Community-based mental health surveys on geriatric depressive disorders conducted in the continents of Asia, Europe, Australia, North America, and South America. Study Period: All the studies that constituted the sample were conducted between 1955 and 2005. Sample Size: After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria on published and indexed articles, 74 original research studies that surveyed a total of 4,87,275 elderly individuals in the age group of 60 years and above, residing in various parts of the world were included for the fi nal analysis. Inclusion Criteria: The researchers had included only community-based cross-sectional surveys and some prospective studies that had not excluded depression on baseline. These studies were conducted on homogenous community of elderly population in the world, who were selected by simple random sampling technique. Exclusion Criteria: All the unpublished reports and unavailable or unanalyzed or inaccessible articles from the internet were excluded from the study. Statistical Analysis: The median prevalence rate and its corresponding interquartile range (IQR), Chi-square test, and Chi-square for Linear Trend were applied. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically signifi cant. Results and Conclusion: The median prevalence rate of depressive disorders in the world for the elderly population was determined to be 10.3% [IQR = (4.7%–16.0%)]. The median prevalence rate of depression among the elderly Indian population was determined to be 21.9% [IQR = (11.6%–31.1%)]. Although there was a signifi cant decrease trend in world prevalence of geriatric depression, it was signifi cantly higher among Indians in recent years than the rest of the world.
Licit and illicit substance use by adolescent students in eastern India: Prevalence and associated risk factors
Authors: Tsering Dechenla , Pal Ranabir , Dasgupta Aparajita 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT
Background: Use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances is a worldwide problem and aff ects many adolescents. Objective: (1) To fi nd out the magnitude of licit and illicit substance use among students; and (2) to fi nd out the association between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the students and habits of use. Materials and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted during June 2003 to May 2004. In a multistage random sampling among all the districts and schools in West Bengal, India, 416 high school students from two schools were selected. The main outcome measures were substance use, namely, tobacco, alcohol, and cannabinoids. From the schools, all the students in the classes VIII, IX, and X were taken as the study population and were administered a pretested close-ended anonymous self-administered questionnaire relating to pattern, frequency, and correlates of substance use. Results: The ultimate response rate was 87.02% and 416 students could be covered in our study. The overall prevalence rates among rural and urban students were 6.14% and 0.6% for illicit drug use, 8.60% and 11.04% for tobacco, and 7.37% and 5.23% for alcohol consumption, respectively. Both licit and illicit substance use was associated more with male students. Current and regular use were mostly restricted to tobacco, and the use of a substance by family members had a signifi cant impact on its use by their children. “Enjoyment” and “Curiosity” were found to have the major infl uence in their decision to use a substance. Conclusions: Early identifi cation of the magnitude and the factors related to substance use can improve scopes for planning and preventive approaches for this vulnerable group before the problems get serious after which interventions become diffi cult.
Unusual presentation of xanthogranuloma of the choroid plexus
Authors: Shetty Jayaprakash , Devadiga KV , Pai Muktha ,   Chandrika
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIntracranial xanthogranulomas are rare benign tumors and occur most commonly as choroid plexus xanthogranulomas, which rarely become symptomatic. Exact etiology is still a matter of debate. We present a case of xanthogranuloma of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle, causing obstructive hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricles.
Mild traumatic brain injuries in adults
Authors: Shukla Dhaval , Devi B Indira 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTMild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the commonest form of TBI. Though the name implies, it may not be mild in certain cases. There is a lot of heterogeneity in nomenclature, classifi cation, evaluation and outcome of mTBI. We have reviewed the relevant articles on mTBI in adults, particularly its defi nition, evaluation and outcome, published in the last decade. The aspects of mTBI like pediatric age group, sports concussion, and postconcussion syndrome were not reviewed. There is general agreement that Glasgow coma score (GCS) of 13 should not be considered as mTBI as the risk of intracranial lesion is higher than in patients with GCS 14–15. All patients with GCS of <15 should be evaluated with a computed tomography (CT) scan. Patients with GCS 15 and risk factors or neurological symptoms should also be evaluated with CT scan. The outcome of mTBI depends on the combination of preinjury, injury and postinjury factors. Overall outcome of mTBI is good with mortality around 0.1% and disability around 10%.
Hot water epilepsy: A rare form of reflex epilepsy
Authors: Syed Riazahmed 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTHot water epilepsy is a form of reflex epilepsy in childhood. We report two children from Saudi Arabia, who presented with seizures following pouring hot water on their head, while bathing. They were not treated by anti-epileptic medication. By decreasing the temperature of the water used for bathing, the seizures were avoided to a large extent in them. This form of epilepsy is reported to be seldom present in various countries but there are no records of its presence in Saudi Arabia.
Paraspinal gossybipoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kucukyuruk Baris , Biceroglu Huseyin , Abuzayed Bashar , Ulu Mustafa O , Kafadar Ali M 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTSpinal or paraspinal retained surgical sponges (gossybipoma or textiloma) are rare incidents and mostly asymptomatic in chronic cases, but can be confused with other masses such as a hematoma, an abscess or a tumor. In chronic cases, the presentation can be as late as decades after the initial surgery; however, some gossybipomas cause infection or abscess formation in the early stages. The authors report a 40-year-old woman with a history of operation for lumbar disk herniation before 8 months, and got admitted with a complaint of serous fluid leakage from the operation wound. In this report, the authors discuss the clinical presentation, the radiologic findings and the differential diagnosis of gossybipoma.
Moyamoya syndrome in a known case of pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Khan Fahmi Yousef , Kamal Hussain , Musa Rania , Hayati Ahmed 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTWe report an unusual association of pulmonary tuberculosis with moyamoya syndrome in a 30-year-old Filipino female who was admitted to our hospital with a 1-week history of fever and cough. Chest X-ray showed widespread bilateral consolidation with cavity, whereas sputum was positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Two weeks after starting antituberculous treatment, the patient developed two episodes of loss of consciousness, which were unwitnessed. Urgent brain computed tomography (CT) showed multiple infarctions, suggesting vasculitis. The electroencephalogram showed epileptic discharges. Magnetic resonance angiography showed a picture consistent with moyamoya disease. Brain CT angiography was performed and it showed the same pictures. The patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis-associated moyamoya syndrome. On the following days, she was discharged on antituberculous medications, antiepileptic and oral hypoglycemic treatment. After 1 year, the patient was seen in the clinic, she was well and seizure-free.
Primary lumbosacral intradural hydatid cyst in a child
Authors: Shukla Sujeet Kumar , Sharma Vivek , Singh Kulwant , Trivedi Adarsh 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTPrimary spinal hydatid cyst is very rare lesion aff ecting less than 1% of the total cases of the hydatid disease. In this study, we report a case of spinal hydatid in a 5-year old boy presented with a history of backache, leg pain, difficulty in walking, and bowel and bladder incontinence for 4 months. An intradural nonenhancing cystic lesion was detected using magnetic resonance imaging from L4 to sacral region, and histopathological findings were suggestive of hydatid cyst.
Multidetector-row computed tomography in cerebral hydatid cyst
Authors: Wani Nisar A , Kosar Tasleem L , Khan Abdul Qayum , Ahmad Sheikh Shahnawaz 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTIntracranial localization is a rare manifestation of hydatid cyst disease (Echinococcosis). It comprises only 2% of cases of Echinococcosis infection even in endemic areas and is predominantly seen in children. Clinical manifestations resulting from raised intracranial tension are nonspecifi c. Imaging with computed tomography (CT) may suggest the diagnosis preoperatively with reasonable accuracy. Multidetector-row CT (MDCT) with its high resolution multiplanar reformations can demonstrate the relationship of the cyst with adjacent brain structures and thus help in planning surgery. This has a practical utility in places where magnetic resonance imaging is not available. We describe a case of cerebral hydatid cyst in a 13-year-old boy who was diagnosed with MDCT, which helped in planning its surgical removal.
Primary calcified hydatid cyst of the brain
Authors: Tyagi Devendra K , Balasubramaniam Srikant , Sawant Hemant V 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTCerebral hydatid disease is very rare, and in non-endemic areas like India, the occurrence is as low as 0.2% of all intracranial space occupying lesions. Calcification of the cyst wall indicates an even rarer subvariety, i.e., alveolar echinococcosis (AE). AE has hitherto been unreported in the Indian subcontinent. We report such a case in a 25-yearold male, a shepherd by occupation, who presented to us with intractable seizures and headache. He had no gross lesion in the liver. Craniotomy with total excision of the lesion was performed, followed by antiparasitic treatment. The radiological presentation, differential diagnosis and treatment modalities are discussed in relation to our case.
The integration of emotions in memories: Cognitive‐emotional distinctiveness and posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Boals Adriel , Rubin David C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe current study examined cognitive‐emotional distinctiveness (CED), the extent to which emotions are linked with event information, in memories associated with PTSD. Participants either with PTSD (n = 68) or without PTSD (n = 40) completed a modified multidimensional scaling technique to measure CED for their most negative and most positive events. The results revealed that participants in the PTSD group evidenced significantly lower levels of CED. This group difference remained significant when we limited the analysis to traumatic events that led to a PTSD diagnosis (n = 33) in comparison to control participants who nominated a traumatic event that did not result in PTSD (n = 32). Replicating previous findings, CED levels were higher in memories of negative events, in comparison to positive events. These results provide empirical evidence that memories associated with PTSD do contain special organizational features with respect to the links between emotions and memory. Implications for understanding and treating PTSD are discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust fault detection and monitoring of hybrid process systems with uncertain mode transitions
Authors: Hu Ye , El‐Farra Nael H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA methodology for fault detection and monitoring of a class of hybrid process systems modeled by switched nonlinear systems with control actuator faults, uncertain continuous dynamics, and uncertain mode transitions is presented. A robust hybrid monitoring scheme that distinguishes reliably between faults, mode transitions, and uncertainty is developed using tools from unknown input observer theory and results from Lyapunov stability theory. The monitoring scheme consists of (1) a family of dedicated mode observers that locate the active operating mode at any given time and detect mode switches, (2) a family of robust Lyapunov‐based fault detection schemes that detect the faults within the continuous modes, and (3) a supervisor that synchronizes the switching between different controllers and different fault detectors as the process transitions from one mode to another. A key idea of the developed framework is to design the mode observers in a way that facilitates the identification of the active mode without information from the controllers and renders the residuals insensitive to the faults and uncertainties in the constituent subsystems. The implementation of the developed monitoring scheme is demonstrated using a simulated model of a chemical reactor that switches between multiple operating modes. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Optimizing the catalyst distribution for countercurrent methane steam reforming in plate reactors
Authors: Zanfir Monica , Baldea Michael , Daoutidis Prodromos 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMicroscale autothermal reactors remain one of the most promising technologies for efficient hydrogen generation. The typical reactor design alternates microchannels where reforming and catalytic combustion of methane occur, so that exothermic and endothermic reactions take place in close proximity. The influence of flow arrangement on the autothermal coupling of methane steam reforming and methane catalytic combustion in catalytic plate reactors is investigated. The reactor thermal behavior and performance for cocurrent and countercurrent are simulated and compared. A partial overlapping of the catalyst zones in adjacent exothermic and endothermic channels is shown to avoid both severe temperature excursions and reactor extinction. Using an innovative, optimization‐based approach for determining the catalyst zone overlap, a solution is provided to the problem of determining the maximum reactor conversion within specified temperature bounds, designed to preserve reactor integrity and operational safety. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Dissolution kinetics or pure mass transfer? A mechanistic study of dissolution
Authors: Kaunisto Erik , Marucci Mariagrazia , Axelsson Anders 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn many cases, classic in vitro tests are used to investigate dissolution from powders and solids. A problem with these kinds of tests is the frequent use of agitation, leading to a lumped description of the properties at the solid–liquid interface. The hydrodynamic forces arising from agitation might have a nontrivial impact on the dissolution properties, thus calling for a comparison of results with those stemming from stagnant dissolution with the aim to increase the understanding of the dissolution process. Stagnant dissolution of compressed solid benzoic acid was examined using the noninvasive electronic speckle pattern interferometry technique in this study. The diffusion coefficient for benzoic acid in 37°C water was measured using the same technique, and, by combining the results, the surface kinetics at the solid–liquid interface were calculated. A comparison with previous dissolution data from a rotating disk suggests that the presence of convection can increase the observed surface kinetics. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Reply to Lawler: feeding competition, cooperation, and the causes of primate sociality
Authors: Sussman R.W. , Garber P.A. , Cheverud J.M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis is a reply to Richard Lawler's commentary on our previous work [Lawler, 2011; this issue] in which he develops a set of operational models to test socioecological theories of the evolutionary importance of feeding competition. We strongly agree that we need to critically re‐evaluate the basic assumptions of all models of primate sociality, and to verify the explanatory power of alternative models. We also feel Lawler's commentary provides an important opportunity to broaden the debate concerning the fundamental roles of cooperation, competition, and aggression in understanding primate social systems. Lawler provides a number of suggestions as to how models developed in primate socioecology might be tested. We agree with these suggestions, make further suggestions, and call for specific operational definitions so that researchers might begin to develop and test various methodologies. However, we also call for testing alternative theories. Current socioecological theory is based on the assumption that competition and positive selection is always in operation and has driven the evolution of living organisms. We believe that this “explanation of choice” often is treated as an assumed truth to which data are forced to fit, rather than being seen as a theory to be tested. Furthermore, we agree with Weiss and Buchanan [2009. The Mermaids Tale: Four Billion Years of Cooperation in the Making of Living Things] that on ecological and developmental scales, where organisms actually live out their lives, cooperation may play a more fundamental role than competition. Am. J. Primatol. 73:91–95, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interleukin‐6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab and attainment of disease remission in rheumatoid arthritis: The role of acute‐phase reactants
Authors: Smolen Josef S. , Aletaha Daniel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of tocilizumab on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity and remission assessment, using measures that do or do not comprise acute‐phase reactants.MethodsSimplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) scores, Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores, and the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) were calculated using data from tocilizumab trials in patients with RA in whom disease had remained active despite treatment with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. The CDAI does not contain an acute‐phase reactant component. Disease activity states, including remission, were defined using established cut points; for the DAS28, an alternative cut point of <2.4 was also used.ResultsChanges in the DAS28, the SDAI score, and the CDAI score among patients receiving tocilizumab were significantly higher than those among patients receiving placebo, and the magnitude of these changes was similar for the SDAI and the CDAI. Among patients who achieved 50% improvement in disease activity according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria, only ∼20% required a reduction in acute‐phase reactant values in order to fulfill the criteria. However, DAS28 remission rates were higher (even when using the lower cut point) than the SDAI and CDAI remission rates. Only a minority of tocilizumab‐treated patients with DAS28 remission also had disease remission according to the SDAI (26%) or CDAI (∼21%). With infliximab treatment, SDAI and CDAI remission rates were of the same magnitude as those observed with tocilizumab treatment, and DAS28 remission rates were lower. Tocilizumab‐treated patients with DAS28 remission but without CDAI remission had significantly higher swollen joint counts but lower erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) compared with patients with SDAI or CDAI remission.ConclusionDisease activity in RA is reduced by tocilizumab treatment, irrespective of the type of composite measure used to evaluate disease activity. Remission rates were much higher using the DAS28 compared with the SDAI and CDAI, due to the high weight of the ESR in the DAS28 and the effect of tocilizumab on the ESR. Using the stringent SDAI and CDAI criteria, however, remission rates in patients treated with tocilizumab were in the same range as those seen in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors.
3D superposition of chemical fragments for N‐membered rings: application to conformational analysis
Authors: Kessler Mathieu , Pérez José 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this paper a procedure is suggested for the 3D superposition of chemical fragments, which is specifically designed for rings molecules and can be combined with statistical multivariate procedures to extract useful conformational information. The procedure relies on the plane introduced by Cremer and Pople ‘A general definition of ring puckering coordinates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975; 97(6): 1354–1358’ to define the celebrated puckering coordinates, and provides a measure of distance between two geometrical conformations. Real datasets are analyzed to illustrate how it can be used as input to agglomerative clustering methods, multidimensional scaling analysis and allows to compute the centroid of a group of fragments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Gas Sorption and Metal‐Ion Exchange of Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Incorporated Imide Groups
Authors: Prasad Thazhe Kootteri , Hong Dae Ho , Suh Myunghyun Paik 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs), {[Cu2(bdcppi)(dmf)2]⋅10DMF⋅2H2O}n (SNU‐50) and {[Zn2(bdcppi)(dmf)3]⋅6DMF⋅4H2O}n (SNU‐51), have been prepared by the solvothermal reactions of N,N'‐bis(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)pyromellitic diimide (H4BDCPPI) with Cu(NO3)2 and Zn(NO3)2, respectively. Framework SNU‐50 has an NbO‐type net structure, whereas SNU‐51 has a PtS‐type net structure. Desolvated solid [Cu2(bdcppi)]n (SNU‐50'), which was prepared by guest exchange of SNU‐50 with acetone followed by evacuation at 170 °C, adsorbs high amounts of N2, H2, O2, CO2, and CH4 gases due to the presence of a vacant coordination site at every metal ion, and to the presence of imide groups in the ligand. The Langmuir surface area is 2450 m2 g−1. It adsorbs H2 gas up to 2.10 wt % at 1 atm and 77 K, with zero coverage isosteric heat of 7.1 kJ mol−1, up to a total of 7.85 wt % at 77 K and 60 bar. Its CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacities at 298 K are 77 wt % at 55 bar and 17 wt % at 60 bar, respectively. Of particular note is the O2 adsorption capacity of SNU‐50' (118 wt % at 77 K and 0.2 atm), which is the highest reported so far for any MOF. By metal‐ion exchange of SNU‐51 with CuII, {[Cu2(bdcppi)(dmf)3]⋅7DMF⋅5H2O}n (SNU‐51‐CuDMF) with a PtS‐type net was prepared, which could not be synthesized by a direct solvothermal reaction.