bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and accurate uncertainty quantification in engineering simulations using time-separated stochastic mechanics
Authors: Geisler Hendrik , Junker Philipp 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA robust method for uncertainty quantification is undeniably leading to a greater certainty in simulation results and more sustainable designs. The inherent uncertainties of the world around us render everything stochastic, from material parameters, over geometries, up to forces. Consequently, the results of engineering simulations should reflect this randomness. Many methods have been developed for uncertainty quantification for linear elastic material behavior. However, real-life structure often exhibit inelastic material behavior such as visco-plasticity. Inelastic material behavior is described by additional internal variables with accompanying differential equations. This increases the complexity for the computation of stochastic quantities, e.g., expectation and standard deviation, drastically. The time-separated stochastic mechanics is a novel method for the uncertainty quantification of inelastic materials. It is based on a separation of all fields into a sum of products of time-dependent but deterministic and stochastic but time-independent terms. Only a low number of deterministic finite element simulations are then required to track the effect of (in)homogeneous material fluctuations on stress and internal variables. Despite the low computational effort the results are often indistinguishable from reference Monte Carlo simulations for a variety of boundary conditions and loading scenarios.
Can the cross-education of strength attenuate the impact of detraining after a period of strength training? A quasi-randomized trial
Authors: Rowe Grant S. , Blazevich Anthony J. , Taylor Janet L. , Pulverenti Timothy , Haff G. Gregory 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Unilateral strength training may attenuate the decline in muscle strength and size in homologous, contralateral muscles. This study aimed to determine whether the cross-education of strength could specifically attenuate the effects of detraining immediately after a short (prehabilitation-type) period of strength training.

Methods
Twenty-six strength-trained participants were assigned to either four weeks of unilateral strength training of the stronger arm (UNI) or detraining (Detrain). Motor evoked potential (MEP) and cortical silent period (cSP) responses, muscle cross-sectional area (CSAFlexor; peripheral quantitative computed tomography) and maximal strength, rate of force development (RFD) and muscle activation (EMG) were examined in both elbow flexors before and after the intervention period.

Results
In UNI, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength improved in both the trained (∆ = 2.0 ± 0.9 kg) and non-trained (∆ = 0.8 ± 0.9 kg) arms despite cessation of training of the weaker arm, whereas 1-RM strength was unchanged in Detrain. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction, isokinetic peak torque, and RFD did not change in either group. No neural changes were detected in UNI, but cSP increased in Detrain (∆ = 0.010 ± 0.015 s). CSAFlexor increased in the trained arm (∆ = 51 ± 43 mm2) but decreased in the non-trained arm (∆ = -53 ± 50 mm2) in UNI. CSAFlexor decreased in both arms in Detrain and at a similar rate to the non-trained arm in UNI.

Conclusion
UNI attenuated the effects of detraining in the weaker arm as shown by the improvement in 1-RM strength. However, the cross-education of strength did not attenuate the decline in muscle size in the contralateral arm.
The radiomorphological appearance of the invasive margin in pancreatic cancer is associated with tumor budding
Authors: Mayer Philipp , Hausen Anne , Steinle Verena , Bergmann Frank , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Loos Martin , Roth Wilfried , Klauss Miriam , Gaida Matthias M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is characterized by infiltrative, spiculated tumor growth into the surrounding non-neoplastic tissue. Clinically, its diagnosis is often established by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At the invasive margin, tumor buds can be detected by histology, an established marker associated with poor prognosis in different types of tumors.

Methods
We analyzed PDAC by determining the degree of tumor spiculation on T2-weighted MRI using a 3-tier grading system. The grade of spiculation was correlated with the density of tumor buds quantified in histological sections of the respective surgical specimen according to the guidelines of the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference (n = 28 patients).

Results
64% of tumors revealed intermediate to high spiculation on MRI. In over 90% of cases, tumor buds were detected. We observed a significant positive rank correlation between the grade of radiological tumor spiculation and the histopathological number of tumor buds (rs = 0.745, p < 0.001). The number of tumor buds was not significantly associated with tumor stage, presence of lymph node metastases, or histopathological grading (p ≥ 0.352).

Conclusion
Our study identifies a readily available radiological marker for non-invasive estimation of tumor budding, as a correlate for infiltrative tumor growth. This finding could help to identify PDAC patients who might benefit from more extensive peripancreatic soft tissue resection during surgery or stratify patients for personalized therapy concepts.
Airfall volume of the 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano estimated from ocean color changes
Authors: Kelly Liam J. , Fauria Kristen E. , Manga Michael , Cronin Shane J. , Latu’ila Folauhola Helina , Paredes-Mariño Joali , Mittal Tushar , Bennartz Ralf 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOn 15 January 2022, Hunga volcano erupted, creating an extensive and high-reaching umbrella cloud over the open ocean, hindering traditional isopach mapping and fallout volume estimation. In MODIS satellite imagery, ocean surface water was discolored around Hunga following the eruption, which we attribute to ash fallout from the umbrella cloud. By relating intensity of ocean discoloration to fall deposit thicknesses in the Kingdom of Tonga, we develop a methodology for estimating airfall volume over the open ocean. Ash thickness measurements from 41 locations are used to fit a linear relationship between ash thickness and ocean reflectance. This produces a minimum airfall volume estimate of $${1.8}_{-0.4}^{+0.3}$$

1.8

-
0.4

+
0.3

km3. The whole eruption produced > 6.3 km3 of uncompacted pyroclastic material on the seafloor and a caldera volume change of 6 km3 DRE. Our fall estimates are consistent with the interpretation that most of the seafloor deposits were emplaced by gravity currents rather than fall deposits. Our proposed method does not account for the largest grain sizes, so is thus a minimum estimate. However, this new ocean-discoloration method provides an airfall volume estimate consistent with other independent measures of the plume and is thus effective for rapidly estimating fallout volumes in future volcanic eruptions over oceans.
Fatigue and sleep quality improvement through complete decongestive therapy in postmastectomy lymphedema: An investigative analysis
Authors: Kavak Songül Keskin , Kavak Engin Eren 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effects of complete decongestive therapy (CDT) on cancer-related fatigue, sleep quality, and lymphedema-specific quality of life using validated and reliable questionnaires in cancer patients being commendable.

Material and methods
This prospective study includes 94 patients who had postmastectomy lymphedema syndrome. The demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded. The participants’ stages of lymphedema (The International Society of Lymphology), Hirai Cancer Fatigue Scale (HCFS) score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Global score, lymphedema-specific quality of life questionnaire (LYMQOL-ARM) score, and Global health status were recorded before and after CDT.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 58.49 ± 10.96 years. Strong correlations were found between the severity of edema and global health status. There was a significant positive relationship between the HCFS score, PSQI Global score, LYMQOL-ARM score, and CDT. After decongestive physiotherapy, the majority of the lymphedema stages were downstaging (p < 0.05), respectively. There was also a trend toward improvement in general well-being (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Cancer-related fatigue and sleep disturbance can persist for years after surgery in women with breast cancer. This can negatively affect the patient physically, socially and cognitively. Our study, which is the first study to investigate the HCFS score in postmastectomy patients and the relationship between PSQI Global score and CDT. The findings identify the risk factors that affect these outcomes in women with lymphedema and can provide valuable insights for targeted interventions and improved patient care.
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in children and young people with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Gallop Lucy , Westwood Samuel J. , Hemmings Amelia , Lewis Yael , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated benefits in adults with psychiatric disorders, but its clinical utility in children and young people (CYP) is unclear. This PRISMA systematic review used published and ongoing studies to examine the effects of rTMS on disorder-specific symptoms, mood and neurocognition in CYP with psychiatric disorders. We searched Medline via PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO via OVID, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to July 2023. Eligible studies involved multiple-session (i.e., treatment) rTMS in CYP (≤ 25 years-old) with psychiatric disorders. Two independent raters assessed the eligibility of studies and extracted data using a custom-built form. Out of 78 eligible studies (participant N = 1389), the majority (k = 54; 69%) reported an improvement in at least one outcome measure of disorder-specific core symptoms. Some studies (k = 21) examined rTMS effects on mood or neurocognition,: findings were largely positive. Overall, rTMS was well-tolerated with minimal side-effects. Of 17 ongoing or recently completed studies, many are sham-controlled RCTs with better blinding techniques and a larger estimated participant enrolment. Findings provide encouraging evidence for rTMS-related improvements in disorder-specific symptoms in CYP with different psychiatric disorders. However, in terms of both mood (for conditions other than depression) and neurocognitive outcomes, evidence is limited. Importantly, rTMS is well-tolerated and safe. Ongoing studies appear to be of improved methodological quality; however, future studies should broaden outcome measures to more comprehensively assess the effects of rTMS and develop guidance on dosage (i.e., treatment regimens).
Studying the viability and growth kinetics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583 following femtosecond laser irradiation (420–465 nm)
Authors: El-Gendy Ahmed O. , Ezzat Sarah , Samad Fatma Abdel , Dabbous Ola Ali , Dahm Jonathan , Hamblin Michael R. , Mohamed Tarek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis is among the most resistant bacteria found in infected root canals. The demand for cutting-edge disinfection methods has rekindled research on photoinactivation with visible light. This study investigated the bactericidal activity of femtosecond laser irradiation against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583 (VRE). The effect of parameters such as wavelength and energy density on the viability and growth kinetics of VRE was studied to design an optimized laser-based antimicrobial photoinactivation approach without any prior addition of exogenous photosensitizers. The most effective wavelengths were 430 nm and 435 nm at a fluence of 1000 J/cm2, causing a nearly 2-log reduction (98.6% and 98.3% inhibition, respectively) in viable bacterial counts. The colony-forming units and growth rate of the laser-treated cultures were progressively decreased as energy density or light dose increased at 445 nm but reached a limit at 1250 J/cm2. At a higher fluence of 2000 J/cm2, the efficacy was reduced due to a photobleaching phenomenon. Our results highlight the importance of optimizing laser exposure parameters, such as wavelength and fluence, in bacterial photoinactivation experiments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an optimized wavelength for the inactivation of VRE using visible femtosecond laser light.
Urban colonization of invasive species on islands: Mus musculus and Rattus rattus genetics of establishment on Cozumel Island
Authors: Borja-Martínez Gabriela , Vázquez-Domínguez Ella 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHumans and wildlife experience complex interactions in urban ecosystems, favoring the presence of commensal species, among which invasive species are particularly successful. Rodents are the main vertebrate group introduced to oceanic islands, where the invasion process and dispersal patterns strongly influence their evolutionary and genetic patterns. We evaluated the house mouse Mus musculus and the black rat Rattus rattus on Cozumel Island, Mexico. We assessed genetic diversity and structure, connectivity, gene flow, relatedness and bottleneck signals based on microsatellite loci. Our genetic findings suggest that introduction of individuals of different geographic sources to the island promotes high allelic diversity and the effective establishment of migrants. We identified a clear genetic structure and low connectivity for the two species, tightly linked with anthropogenic and urban features. Notably, we found that the genetic structure of the house mouse sampled within the city of San Miguel Cozumel is associated with the historical human population growth pulses accompanying the urbanization of the city. At the fine-scale genetic level, the main urban drivers of connectivity of the house mouse were both the impervious land surfaces, i.e. the urban landscape, and the informal commerce across the city (a proxy of resources availability). Chances of a secondary invasion to natural environments have been relatively low, which is crucial for the endemic taxa of the island. Nonetheless, improving urban planning to regulate future expansions of San Miguel Cozumel is of the outmost importance to prevent these invasive species to disperse further.
Genetic and phenotypic differentiation in functional traits of Iris pseudacorus L. in native and introduced Mediterranean climate ranges
Authors: Gallego-Tévar B. , Grewell B. J. , Gaskin J. F. , Castillo J. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntraspecific variation in functional traits between native and introduced plant species may underlie resilience and invasiveness of introduced species. We explored if observed phenotypic variation of Iris pseudacorus L. between populations in the native vs. introduced ranges results from genetic differentiation and/or phenotypic plasticity. Seeds were collected from populations along estuarine stress gradients within populations in both Guadalquivir Estuary (Andalusia, Spain) and San Francisco Bay-Delta Estuary (California, USA). Genetic analysis was performed on leaf tissue from plants in each seed donor population. Germinants (n = 48: 6 plants × 4 populations × 2 ranges) were grown for 12 months in a common garden experiment (CGE). We then evaluated 25 traits including growth, biomass allocation, morphological and biochemical responses. Geographic range explained relative intraspecific trait variation segregating native from introduced phenotypes. Native plants had lower specific leaf area (− 34%) and carbohydrate concentrations in rhizomes (− 63%) than introduced plants, providing evidence of genetic differentiation. Higher genetic diversity and 27% higher phenotypic variation (CGE) of native vs. introduced plants indicated longer-term adaptive processes in the native range. Genetic distance of introduced populations (field) increased along with their phenotypic distance (CGE), suggesting rapid genetic differentiation. Phenotypic plasticity also explained some observed inter-range differences under field conditions not expressed by plants in the CGE. Management of the introduced I. pseudacorus populations should be established urgently since they represent novel genotypes with key functional traits that can support invasiveness through increased competitive ability and physiological stress tolerances to sea level rise.
Social Workers as Allies? Gender Confirming Practices and Institutional Limitations in Youth Residential Homes
Authors: Lindroth Malin , Carlström Charlotta , Andersson Catrine , Husén Elin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Previous research shows that LGBTQ+ youth are over-represented in out-of-home care and that especially transgender and non-binary youth face challenges during their placement. These challenges stem from, among other factors, the lack of knowledge and competence of professionals regarding the unique needs of transgender and non-binary youth. In Sweden, there are policies that aim to protect transgender and non-binary youth from discrimination and to promote their sexual and reproductive health and rights, and an increasing number of residential homes claim to have LGBTQ competence when competing for placements. However, it is unclear how this affects the everyday experiences of trans and non-binary youth at residential homes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the practices and challenges of clinical social workers at residential care homes when working with gender identity and sexual health issues among young transgender and non-binary youth. Eight semi-structured interviews focusing on professionals’ knowledge and experiences were conducted and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: i) Knowledge being a personal matter; ii) Heteronormativity and binarity creating consequences; iii) Handling discrimination and harassments; and iv) Creating a trustful alliance. The results show that knowledge is a personal matter, and social work professionals seek the knowledge they need instead of receiving it in education or training. The contextual heteronormativity and binarity creating consequences at the residential care home pose challenges for social workers and they have to find creative ways to support transgender and non-binary youth and address the harassments and discrimination that these youth face. Moreover, the social workers share their strategies regarding how they are creating a trustful alliance. Overall, they identify significant challenges to developing clinical social work that is affirming of transgender and non-binary youth.
Collaborative Partnerships During Fieldwork Experiences to Promote Evidence-Based Practices
Authors: Kim Gospel Y. , Tuck Kathleen N. , Kurth Jennifer A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn early childhood education, implementing evidence-based practices (EBPs) is crucial for enhancing children's developmental outcomes. While educator preparation program coursework often covers the content knowledge of EBPs, the application of this knowledge in fieldwork settings is limited. This results in infrequent implementation of EBPs in early childhood settings, highlighting the need for better strategies. One effective way to promote educators' implementation of EBPs is integrating the behavioral skills training (BST) model during fieldwork experiences. Incorporating BST into early childhood educator preparation programs can foster strong collaborative partnerships among team members, facilitating the identification and intentional use of EBPs to support individual children's learning and development. We describe this new collaborative partnership model in fieldwork experiences to demonstrate how preservice educators, in-service educators, and teacher educators play pivotal roles in influencing each other's performance. This collaborative effort aims to promote the implementation of EBPs that lead to the children's improved developmental outcomes.
Machine learning experiment management tools: a mixed-methods empirical study
Authors: Idowu Samuel , Osman Osman , Strüber Daniel , Berger Thorsten 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMachine Learning (ML) experiment management tools support ML practitioners and software engineers when building intelligent software systems. By managing large numbers of ML experiments comprising many different ML assets, they not only facilitate engineering ML models and ML-enabled systems, but also managing their evolution—for instance, tracing system behavior to concrete experiments when the model performance drifts. However, while ML experiment management tools have become increasingly popular, little is known about their effectiveness in practice, as well as their actual benefits and challenges. We present a mixed-methods empirical study of experiment management tools and the support they provide to users. First, our survey of 81 ML practitioners sought to determine the benefits and challenges of ML experiment management and of the existing tool landscape. Second, a controlled experiment with 15 student developers investigated the effectiveness of ML experiment management tools. We learned that 70% of our survey respondents perform ML experiments using specialized tools, while out of those who do not use such tools, 52% are unaware of experiment management tools or of their benefits. The controlled experiment showed that experiment management tools offer valuable support to users to systematically track and retrieve ML assets. Using ML experiment management tools reduced error rates and increased completion rates. By presenting a user’s perspective on experiment management tools, and the first controlled experiment in this area, we hope that our results foster the adoption of these tools in practice, as well as they direct tool builders and researchers to improve the tool landscape overall.
Optimizing the detection of hereditary predisposition in women with epithelial ovarian cancer: nationwide implementation of the Tumor-First workflow
Authors: Witjes Vera M. , Hermkens Dorien M. A. , Swillens Julie E. M. , Smolders Yvonne H. C. M. , Mourits Marian J. E. , Ausems Margreet G. E. M. , de Hullu Joanne A. , Ligtenberg Marjolijn J. L. , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenetic testing in patients with ovarian carcinoma (OC) is crucial, as around 10–15% of these women have a genetic predisposition to OC. Although guidelines have recommended universal germline testing for all patients with OC for a decade, implementation has proved challenging, thus resulting in low germline-testing rates (around 30–50%). Many new initiatives to improve genetic-testing rates have emerged, but most have been carried out at the local level, leading to differences in workflows within and between countries. We present an example of a nationwide implementation project that has successfully led to a uniform, high-quality genetic-testing workflow for women with OC. Nationwide multidisciplinary meetings generated consensus on the preferred workflow for OC genetic testing: the “Tumor-First” workflow. This workflow means starting by testing the tumor DNA for the presence of pathogenic variants in OC-risk genes, thus providing a prescreen to germline testing while yielding information on the effectiveness of treatment with PARP inhibitors. This new workflow efficiently stratifies genetic counseling and germline testing and reduces healthcare costs. Although challenging, the nationwide implementation of this workflow was successful, resulting in tumor-DNA testing rates exceeding 80%. In this article, we present our structured implementation approach, illustrate our implementation strategies—which were tailored to identified factors important to implementation—and share the lessons learned from the Tumor-First implementation project. This knowledge could facilitate the future implementation of workflows aimed at optimizing the recognition of hereditary cancers.