bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of poppy tea dependence in an octogenarian lady
Authors: NANJAYYA SUBODH BHAGYALAKSHMI , MURTHY PRATIMA , CHAND PRABHAT KUMAR , KANDASWAMY ARUN , NIKKETHA BALA SHANTI , BENEGAL VIVEK , SHIVAPPA MADHUSUDHAN 
Published: August 2010

Abstract While poppy seed and poppy tea dependence has been described, it is unusual to see such patients actively seek treatment in India. We report the case of an 82‐year‐old client with dependent use of poppy for 55 years. She was brought for treatment as access to poppy became difficult following legal restrictions. She was successfully maintained on buprenorphine maintainence.[Subodh BN, Murthy P, Chand PK, Arun K, Bala SN, Benegal V, Madhusudhan S. A case of poppy tea dependence in an octogenarian lady. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009]
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of modafinil therapy for psychostimulant dependence
Authors: SHEARER JAMES , SHANAHAN MARIAN , DARKE SHANE , RODGERS CRAIG , VAN BEEK INGRID , MCKETIN REBECCA , MATTICK RICHARD P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction and Aims.To examine the cost‐effectiveness of modafinil (200 mg daily) plus counselling compared with placebo for the treatment of psychostimulant dependence.Design and Methods.Cost and outcome data were collected alongside two randomised controlled trials of modafinil 200 mg daily over 10 weeks for methamphetamine (n = 74) and cocaine dependence (n = 8), respectively. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios representing the additional costs to achieve a given outcome were calculated for both the change in the number of stimulant‐free days and quality‐adjusted life years 12 weeks post‐treatment.Results.The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio indicated that it would cost an additional $AUD79 to achieve an extra stimulant‐free day with modafinil compared with placebo. This result was not statistically significant, but appeared to be a robust estimate after sensitivity analysis. Counselling, whether received within program or from other services, improved the cost‐effectiveness of modafinil relative to placebo.Discussion and Conclusions.Strategies to improve the uptake of counselling are recommended as cost‐effective.[Shearer J, Shanahan M, Darke S, Rodgers C, van Beek I, McKetin R, Mattick RP. A cost‐effectiveness analysis of modafinil therapy for psychostimulant dependence.Drug Alcohol Rev2010]
Does cannabis use increase the risk of death? Systematic review of epidemiological evidence on adverse effects of cannabis use
Authors: CALABRIA BIANCA , DEGENHARDT LOUISA , HALL WAYNE , LYNSKEY MICHAEL 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Issues. To conduct a comprehensive search of the peer‐reviewed literature to assess risk of cannabis‐related mortality. Approach. Systematic peer‐reviewed literature searches were conducted in Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO to identify data on mortality associated with cannabis use. Search strings for cannabis and mortality were used. Searches were limited to human subjects and the publication timeframe of January 1990 to January 2008. Reference lists of review articles and of specific studies deemed important by colleagues were searched to identify additional studies. A list of the selected articles was emailed to experts in the field asking for comment on completeness. Key Findings. There is insufficient evidence, particularly because of the low number of studies, to assess whether the all‐cause mortality rate is elevated among cannabis users in the general population. Case–control studies suggest that some adverse health outcomes may be elevated among heavy cannabis users, namely, fatal motor vehicle accidents, and possibly respiratory and brain cancers. The evidence is as yet unclear as to whether regular cannabis use increases the risk of suicide. Conclusions. There is a need for long‐term cohort studies that follow cannabis using individuals into old age, when the likelihood of any detrimental effects of cannabis use are more likely to emerge among those who persist in using cannabis into middle age and older. Case–control studies of cannabis use and various causes of mortality are also needed.[Calabria B, Degenhardt L, Hall W, Lynskey M. Does cannabis use increase the risk of death? Systematic review of epidemiological evidence on adverse effects of cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010]
Contextualising psychological distress among regular ecstasy users: The importance of sociodemographic factors and patterns of drug use
Authors: GEORGE JESSICA , KINNER STUART A. , BRUNO RAIMONDO , DEGENHARDT LOUISA , DUNN MATTHEW 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Considerable concern has been raised about associations between ecstasy use and mental health. Studies of ecstasy users typically investigate varying levels of lifetime use of ecstasy, and often fail to account for other drug use and sociodemographic characteristics of participants, which may explain mixed findings. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between patterns of recent (last six months) ecstasy use and psychological distress among current, regular ecstasy users, controlling for sociodemographic risk factors and patterns of other drug use. Design and Methods. Data were collected from regular ecstasy users (n = 752) recruited from each capital city in Australia as part of the Ecstasy and related Drugs Reporting System (EDRS). Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Data were analysed using multinomial logistic regression. Results. Seven per cent of the sample scored in the ‘high’ distress category and 55% in the ‘medium’ distress category. Patterns of ecstasy use were not independently associated with psychological distress. The strongest predictors of distress were female sex, lower education, unemployment, ‘binge’ drug use including ecstasy (use for >48 h without sleep), frequent cannabis use and daily tobacco use. Discussion and Conclusions. Regular ecstasy users have elevated levels of psychological distress compared with the general population; however, ecstasy use per se was not independently related to such distress. Other factors, including sociodemographic characteristics and other drug use patterns, appear to be more important. These findings highlight the importance of targeting patterns of polydrug use in order to reduce drug‐related harm among regular ecstasy users.[George J, Kinner SA, Bruno R, Degenhardt L, Dunn M. Contextualising psychological distress among regular ecstasy users: The importance of sociodemographic factors and patterns of drug use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010]
The experience of drug‐dependent adolescents in a therapeutic community
Authors: FOSTER MICHAEL , NATHAN SALLY , FERRY MARK 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Drug treatment programs for adolescents are now more widespread with some evidence of success. However, there has been little in‐depth exploration of factors that may encourage or hinder program completion. This ethnographic study of an adolescent therapeutic community aimed to provide insights into the experience of the adolescent residents. Design and Methods. Four months of participant observation at a program for drug‐dependent adolescents in a metropolitan city in Australia. Twenty‐one residents (15 boys and six girls) aged between 14 and 18 years participated, comprising all residents admitted during the study period. Results. Vocational Education and Art Therapy are activities that universally engaged residents whereas frustration was evident in Journaling—a core program activity. Group sessions were often used to set up or dismantle social cliques, although they were also useful to expose difficult inter‐personal relationships. The risk of residents ‘taking off’ was heightened during breaks from program activities when strong emotions surfaced. Discussion and Conclusions. There needs to be a more central role for creative and vocational activities in adolescent programs and a variety of ways for them to document their journey. Group encounters need to be skilfully facilitated by staff to handle fluid inter‐personal dynamics and residents need support outside of formal program time to minimise drop‐out. The concept of a navigation‐engagement continuum is discussed and the need to see treatment as a series of encounters that may be ‘successful’ despite ‘non‐completion’. This study gives adolescents a voice in program evaluation which may help improve retention.[Foster M, Nathan S, Ferry M. The experience of drug‐dependent adolescents in a therapeutic community. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29;531–539]
Mental health improvements of substance‐dependent clients after 4 months in a Therapeutic Community
Authors: POLIMENI ANNE‐MAREE , MOORE SUSAN M. , GRUENERT STEFAN 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Introduction and Aims. Odyssey House Victoria's Therapeutic Community (TC) accepts substance‐dependent clients, including those with co‐occurring mental health issues. American data suggest that TCs are effective in rehabilitating such clients; however, Australian research is limited. The aim of the study was to examine Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2) profiles of Odyssey House TC residents early in their residency and again after 4 months, to chart changes in MMPI‐2 profiles and compare them with norms for psychological health. Design and Methods. The sample comprised 351 clients who were part of the residential program between 1997 and 2007, and who remained in treatment at the TC for at least 4 months. They were administered the MMPI‐2 after 5 weeks in treatment and again after 4 months. Results. At the first assessment, the validity scales of the MMPI‐2 plus the clinical scales Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, Paranoia, Psychasthenia and Schizophrenia were in the clinical range. At the second assessment, mean scores on all clinical scales except Mania were significantly or near significantly lower and, except for Psychopathic Deviate, within the normal range. The validity scales also demonstrated improvement, although two of the three remained in the clinical range. Discussion and Conclusions. Results indicated that treatment within the TC over this time span was associated with improved mental health. The present study suggests that residential rehabilitation's holistic approach provides a suitable treatment model for clients with co‐occurring mental health and substance use disorders.[Polimeni A‐M, Moore SM, Gruenert S. Mental health improvements of substance‐dependent clients after 4 months in a Therapeutic Community. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010]
CEO compensation structure and firm performance
Authors: Matolcsy Zoltan , Wright Anna 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe objectives of our study are to estimate a model of ‘efficient’ compensation structure based on firm characteristics and test the performance consequences of deviation from the efficient compensation structure. Our results are based on 3503 firm years for the period from 1999 to 2005. The results suggest that firms whose CEOs receive compensation inconsistent with their firm characteristics have a lower performance compared to those firms whose CEOs’ compensation is consistent with their firms’ characteristics. Our measure of performance is based on both accounting and market‐based performance measures. Overall, our study provides some important new insights into the links between CEO compensation structure and firm performance.
Does a goodwill impairment regime better reflect the underlying economic attributes of goodwill?
Authors: Chalmers Keryn G. , Godfrey Jayne M. , Webster John C. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIFRS adoption transformed the accounting treatment for goodwill in many countries. Instead of amortizing goodwill, firms now test for its impairment and write off impairment losses against income. Accounting standard‐setting bodies claim that an impairment regime better reflects the underlying economic value of goodwill than systematic amortization. We investigate this claim by comparing the association between goodwill accounting charges against income and firms’ economic investment opportunities in amortization and impairment regimes. We find that the association between firms’ goodwill charges against income and the firms’ investment opportunities is stronger during the IFRS regime than the AGAAP regime. This indicates that, as claimed, impairment charges better reflect the underlying economic attributes of goodwill than do amortization charges.
Index arbitrage and the pricing relationship between Australian stock index futures and their underlying shares
Authors: Cummings James Richard , Frino Alex 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the mispricing of Australian stock index futures. Exogenous and endogenous price volatility is confirmed to have a positive impact on the mispricing spread, after filtering out predictable time series components. More accurate pricing associated with surprise trading volume in the underlying stocks is consistent with arbitrageurs acting to narrow price disparities relative to the futures market. Ex‐ante interest rate volatility is the primary source of risk faced by arbitrageurs and fluctuations in the transaction cost of opening index arbitrage positions influence the extent to which they drive prices towards theoretical fair values.
Use of Tree and Graph Structures to Diagram the Logic of Large, Complex Programs
Authors: MILLER MICHAEL J. 
Published: August 2010

CADD software and other large, highly interactive, complex programs must keep track of many complex relationships and perform the correct operations with both speed and precision based on these relationships, which are often seemingly in conflict. Computers can evaluate only one relationship at a time and the relationships must be evaluated in a specified order that can vary greatly depending on the outcome of each test. Consequently, writing and debugging a program that will perform correctly under a wide variety of inputs can be a frustrating process that at times can seem to produce two “bugs” for each one that is corrected. Tree structures can be employed to maintain a dynamic diagram of the program structure as it is being created. Graph structures, which are closely associated with tree structures, can be employed to simplify the task of developing and implementing the correct program logic and to identify many of the design logic errors at an early stage.This article describes the use of tree and graph structures to diagram program structure and logic for an educational CADD package that was written by the author.
Approximate Analysis of a Floor Assembly in a Multistory Building Frame
Authors: WANG CHU‐KIA , TALABOC CARLITO P. 
Published: August 2010

A computer algorithm, along with a workable program in the BASIC language, is presented by which each floor beam in a multistory building frame, together with the attached columns, may be analyzed as a subassembly. The objective is to obtain results close to those which would otherwise be obtained by a whole frame analysis. With the subassembly analysis method, more trials may be made in the preliminary design stage, although whole frame analysis still needs to be employed when deemed appropriate.The subassembly method may be in first order, or in second order including both column instability and Pdelta effects, allowing the same options as in whole frame analysis. The far ends of the upper columns are assumed to be connected to plates fixed against rotation but free to have sidesway. The connections themselves, however, may be semirigid, rigid, or overrigid, quantitively described by a set of rotation coefficients that may be preset or automatically generated. The far ends of the lower columns are similarly connected, defined by another set of rotation coefficients; but the plates are restrained in both rotation and sidesway. The floor beams have unknown slopes at the columns, as well as an unknown sidesway.Rotation coefficients for various patterns of gravity loads are suggested in the article, and they are automatically generated for combined gravity and lateral loads. They may be taken, too, from any trial or similar whole frame analysis.
A Data Preprocessor for Structural Analysis and Design Programs
Authors: GEBREMEDHIN K. G. , BARTLETT J. V. 
Published: August 2010

An interactive program for computer‐aided data management for structural analysis and design programs has been developed. The program provides the ability to create, store, retrieve, and update data files and display the configuration for 2‐D and 3‐D skeletal structures. The unique features of the program include: (1) interactive data entry scheme, (2) full‐screen data management ability with full cursor control, (3) highlighted single key stroke commands, (4) continuous display of editor commands, (5) well designed screen layout for data entry and management, (6) extensive on‐line prompts, (7) extensive checking of invalid input type, (8) fast scrolling through each screen of data, and (9) ability to display the structure configuration.The program written in turbopascal, may be used with any microcomputer which uses PC‐DOS and requires 96 Kb user memory. An ISM‐PC color graphics (or equivalent) or monochrome systems may be used.
A General Model for Providing Active Computer Support to Design, Planning, and Management
Authors: MANHEIM MARVIN L. 
Published: August 2010

Our objective is to design computer systems which provide active computer support to users. “Active support” occurs when the computer works independently to assist the user, without explicit direction from the user. Such support would be very valuable to engineers. designers, planners, managers, and other professionals who work on complex problems.We argue that, for a computer system to provide active support, the system must build and maintain a model of the user's model of the problem. Such a model must be based on a valid descriptive theory of human problem‐working processes. We describe such a theory and show how it can be used in designing a computer system to provide active support.
Teacher‐Friendly Transportation Program
Authors: HAMERSLAG RUDI 
Published: August 2010

A series of programs has been developed especially for educational purposes and to support the lectures on urban and interurban modelling. These programs are collectively called “Teacher‐Friendly Transportation Program/Student Proof Version” or TFTP/SPV.The programs consist of four levels. The first level illustrates the working of the calculation methods used in detail. The second level gives the interconnection between the different parts of the transportation forecasting model. The third level demonstrates the estimation of base year origindestination matrices, estimation of deterrence functions, and the nonlinear weighted Poisson estimation method for multidimensional matrices. The programs are used in lectures, but can also be used as prototypes in feasibility studies of new research developments (Level IV). The programs can be used on microcomputers working under MSDOS.
Aerodynamic Behavior of Long‐Span Cable‐Stayed Bridges
Authors: MACERI FRANCO , BRUNO DOMENICO , LEONARDI ANGELO 
Published: August 2010

In this paper, we study the behavior of the aerodynamic fan‐shaped scheme of cable‐stayed bridges under wind load. A numerical analysis is developed, based upon time integration of the motion equations of the discretized structure. The main structural nonlinearity arising from the stress–strain stay's constitutive equation is taken into account together with the nonlinear effects that arise assuming a nonstationary model for aerodynamic loads. A Newmark's type algorithm is used to discuss first the problem of free oscillations in still air, and to determine next the critical wind speeds, both in the case of A‐shaped and of H‐shaped towers. For the latter case, the overall discrete model is validated by comparison with analytical results obtained by a continuous model, already developed [5, 7].The performance improvement of the structural behavior obtained by using A‐shaped towers is numerically investigated by using the discrete model proposed here.
A New Approach to Multiphase‐Excitation Stochastic Seismic Response
Authors: Lin Jiahao , Williams F. W. , Zhang Wenshou 
Published: August 2010

Abstract: A powerful new method for dealing with stationary random seismic response is described in detail. It is an extension of the early‐stage method. The emphasis is focused on multi‐support excitation problems. The main features of this method are:

The computational efficiency is much higher than for the conventional method, e.g. approximately 10,100, or even more times faster.
All cross‐correlation items, whether between the support excitations or between the participant modes, are involved naturally. Practically, it is impossible for this method to neglect these items
The principles and algorithm are simple and easy for engineering application. Complex 3D FEM models with dozens of ground excitations can be easily analysed on microcomputers as small as IBM‐pc/ AT.
The non‐proportional damping matrix can be dealt with easily and accurately and only real eigenmodes are used for degree reduction.
Coherence and incoherence: doctors' and patients' perspectives on the diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Pinder Ruth 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper describes part of a qualitative project on patient‐doctor communication in the management of Parkinson's Disease. It explores how a group of general practitioners conceptualised the task of diagnosing patients with PD and the impact of diagnosis on a separate group of patients in terms of coherence and incoherence. My argument is that for GPs diagnosis represented a point of maximum theoretical coherence, whereas for patients it was a time of maximum experiential incoherence – a tension sharpened by reference to an analagous distinction: that between knowledge by description and knowledge by acquaintance.The paper further examines how GPs considered their own experiential knowledge helped patients by way of three key assumptions they held about PD and PD patients: namely, age, the comparatively protracted nature of the disease course and the availability of treatment. It asks how far patients found such notions helpful in their initial efforts to accept the diagnosis. I see this meeting point between two worlds simultaneously as tragic and potentially creative, with implications for more sensitive and effective interaction between patient and GP in this and other chronic illnesses.
The construction of medical disposals Medical sociology and medical problem solving in clinical practice
Authors: Berg Marc 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHow do physicians construct medical disposals? In this paper it is argued that insights developed in the sociology of science (in particular so‐called laboratory studies) can be of help in addressing this relatively unexplored question. At the level of clinical action, medical sociologists have until recently generally separated the ‘content’ of medical action from the ‘social’ aspects, the former constituting a domain inaccessible to sociological investigation. This asymmetrical treatment of ‘cognitive’ and ‘social’ elements is stated to be based on two assumptions: (i) historical and examination data are seen as ‘facts’ which the physician only needs to ‘reveal’ and (ii) medical criteria and disposal options are regarded as scientific, fixed ‘givens’. A ‘laboratory study’ of medical problem solving in clinical practice, however, shows that these assumptions do not hold. It is argued that the physician, in transforming a patient's problem to a solvable problem, does not just combine some ‘cognitive’ items together, but actively articulates an array of heterogeneous elements with the transformation. In this construction process, both the elements and the transformation take shape. Finally, the importance of the concept of ‘routines’ for a sociological answer to the main question of this paper is shown.