bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing The Quality Of Anaesthesia In Normal And Inflamed Teeth By Pulp Testing
Authors: Modaresi Jalil , Mozayeni Mohamad Ali , Dianat Omid 
Published: February 2010

AbstractFailure to achieve complete anaesthesia of teeth with acutely inflamed pulps is a well‐known clinical symptom. In this study, we compared the quality of anaesthesia in intact and inflamed mandibular teeth by using an electric pulp tester.Thirty patients with inflamed lower teeth, which had spontaneous or night pain, were selected; two healthy teeth in the same quadrant were used as control teeth. Electric pulp testing and thermal tests were made on each inflamed and control tooth. Teeth were then anaesthetised by inferior alveolar nerve block and electric pulp tests were repeated on inflamed and control teeth.Significant differences were found between electrical stimulation of inflamed and intact pulp (p ˜ 0). There was no significant difference between the responses of inflamed teeth to electric pulp testing before and after anaesthesia (p = 0.327), which showed that the teeth could become resistant to anaesthesia due to the inflammation.
Endodontic Treatment Of Dens Invaginatus With A Periradicular Lesion: Case Report
Authors: De Martin Alexandre Sigrist , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira , Cunha Rodrigo Sandhes , de Araújo Roberta Aranha 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA left maxillary lateral incisor with Type III dens invaginatus with a periradicular lesion was treated non‐surgically. Pulp involvement and periapical abscess subsequent to contamination through the invagination space were observed. The signs (sinus tract) and symptoms ceased after treatment. Complete healing of the periradicular lesion was observed at the one‐year follow‐up examination.
Erythemal Ultraviolet Exposure of Cyclists in Valencia, Spain
Authors: Serrano María Antonia , Cañada Javier , Moreno Juan Carlos ,   Members of the Research Group of Solar Radiation of Valencia
Published: February 2010

AbstractUV exposure is considered to be one of the most important risk factors in skin cancers, mainly in outdoor occupational or recreational activities. Outdoor athletes such as cyclists receive regular and significant solar UV erythemal radiation (UVER). The aim of this work was to quantify UVER exposure of amateur cyclists over the course of several days in their training schedules. To quantify UVER exposure of this group, dosimeters (Viospor) were attached at the top of the helmet in the course of their training. The study took place in Valencia, Spain, in June to July 2008 and February to March 2009, and involved a group of five cyclists over a period of 4 days for each period. The mean 2‐day personal UV exposure was 32.24 ± 4.14 SED (standard erythema dose) in summer and 11.30 ± 5.36 SED in the winter period. One SED is defined as an effective radiant exposure of 100 J m−2 when weighted with the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) erythemal response function. The mean exposure ratio (ER) of cyclists was 0.37 ± 0.04 in summer and 0.40 ± 0.11 in winter. The cyclists received the highest UVER exposure in the summer period, but in both training periods UVER exposure was in excess of occupational and recreational guidelines, indicating that protective measures are very necessary.
Characteristics of individuals with hydrocephalus and their dental care needs
Authors: De Morais Gallarreta Fernanda Weber , Bernardotti Fernanda Pierobon Lopes , De Freitas Aldevina Campos , De Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino , Faria Gisele 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTHydrocephalus is considered a congenital disease affecting the central nervous system, and is characterized by accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricles of the brain causing progressive ventricular dilatation. This review paper reports on the oral characteristics of persons with hydrocephalus and discusses their dental care needs. It has been reported that patients with hydrocephalus can present chronological changes in the eruption of their teeth, changes in the occlusion, greater accumulation of plaque, and have a higher caries prevalence. Regular dental visits are needed to control caries as well as to educate the caretakers about oral hygiene for children with hydrocephalus. In addition, the dental practitioner should be careful not to put pressure on the ventricular‐peritoneal drainage tube during dental treatment. Special devices are available to support the patient's head if they have macrocephally.
Oral mutans streptococci levels following use of a xylitol mouth rinse: a double‐blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hildebrandt Gary , Lee Ignatius , Hodges James 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTXylitol‐sweetened chewing gum has cariostatic properties, but is not suitable for all patients. This study evaluated the effect of xylitol rinse on mutans streptococci (MS) levels in the mouth.One hundred and five subjects with high salivary MS levels were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Subjects in the positive control group (N = 35) chewed two xylitol gum pellets for at least 5 minutes three times daily (xylitol dose: 4.3g/day). The experimental group (N = 36) rinsed with 20 mL of an aqueous solution of xylitol twice daily for 60 seconds (dose: 4.4g/day). The negative control group (N = 34) used neither product. No attempt was made to change the subjects’ diet.Mean MS levels at baseline were 5.6 (0.1) in positive control, 5.4 (0.1) in experimental, and 5.5 (0.1) in negative control groups. After 3 months, MS levels were 4.4 (0.2), 4.4 (0.2), and 4.9 (0.2), respectively. Differences between groups were not significant by ANOVA (p = .2); however, MS levels tended to be lower in the experimental and positive control groups. Xylitol rinse and chewing gum caused a similar but statistically insignificant reduction in MS levels in the mouth.
Bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the jaw,with healing after teriparatide:a review of the literature and a case report
Authors: Narongroeknawin Pongthorn , Danila Maria I. , Humphreys Jr Lewis G. , Barasch Andrei , Curtis Jeffrey R. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the case history of a patient who had bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in which adjunctive treatment with teriparatide was used. The patient was treated for 5 years with alendronate for osteoporosis and developed ONJ after extraction of maxillary teeth. An implant was placed at the site of the extracted teeth. The pathology report confirmed the clinical diagnosis of ONJ; treatment was changed from alendronate to teriparatide and the ONJ resolved. To our knowledge, this is the third case history reported in the literature in which teriparatide was successfully used as adjunct therapy in ONJ because it has an anabolic effect and presumed role in accelerating bone healing. ONJ is a serious but infrequent condition that has been recently associated with nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonate therapy. Teriparatide may be a useful adjunctive therapy when ONJ develops.
Winner’s Curse in Initial Public Offering Subscriptions with Investors’ Withdrawal Options
Authors: Lin Dennis K. J. , Kao Lanfeng , Chen Anlin 
Published: February 2010

AbstractContrary to fixed‐priced initial public offering (IPO) subscribers in many other countries, IPO subscribers in Taiwan own the option to withdraw from their IPO allocations after learning the allocation rate (ALLOC). Investors’ option to withdraw reduces the information asymmetry between informed investors and uninformed investors but increases the firm‐commitment underwriting risk. We show that under investors’ option to withdraw, uninformed investors can improve their performance by learning from the ALLOC and/or the withdrawal rate. Consequently, firm‐commitment underwriters will absorb more overpriced shares. Unless underwriters are compensated directly by issuers, IPOs should be more underpriced to compensate underwriting activities under investors’ option to withdraw.
Risk Management Lessons from ‘Knock‐in Knock‐out’ Option Disaster*
Authors: Khil Jaeuk , Suh Sangwon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCurrency knock‐in knock‐out (KIKO) options had been widely used for hedging exchange rate risks in Korean financial markets. However, as the Korean won moved in an unexpected direction during the global financial crisis period of 2007 and 2008, the hedging instruments incurred huge losses to the option holders. In this paper, we analyze the event from the viewpoint of risk assessment and management. We find that, first, if the option holders had assessed the risk levels with and without the KIKO options by using standard risk measures like value‐at‐risk or conditional value‐at‐risk, then many KIKO option contracts would not have been justifiable from the beginning. Second, having a proper view on the exchange rate dynamics turned out to be crucial for risk assessment and management. If the companies had a proper view instead of a myopic view on the exchange rate movement, then the KIKO options might not have been chosen. Finally, ‘hedge‐and‐forget’ behavior proved to be very costly and reckless. If the companies had continuously assessed and managed their risks, then the losses from the KIKO options could have been significantly mitigated. Some relevant pricing issues are also investigated. We find that most KIKO option contracts under study might not be significantly overpriced. However, potential impacts of the possible mispricing could be considerable in some cases. Nonetheless, the risk management failure proved to be more important for the KIKO option losses than the possible mispricing problem.
Quantification of
Burkholderia coxL
Genes in Hawaiian Volcanic Deposits
Authors: Weber C. F. , King G. M. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Isolation of multiple carbon monoxide (CO)-oxidizing
Burkholderia
strains and detection by culture-independent approaches suggest that
Burkholderia
may be an important component of CO-oxidizing communities in Hawaiian volcanic deposits. The absolute and relative abundance of the bacteria in these communities remains unknown, however. In this study, a quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) approach has been developed to enumerate
Burkholderia coxL
genes (large subunit of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase). This represents the first attempt to enumerate
coxL
genes from CO oxidizers in environmental samples.
coxL
copy numbers have been determined for samples from three sites representing a vegetation gradient on a 1959 volcanic deposit that included unvegetated cinders (bare), edges of vegetated sites (edge), and sites within tree stands (canopy). Q-PCR has also been used to estimate copy numbers of
Betaproteobacteria
16S rRNA gene copy numbers and total
Bacteria
16S rRNA.
coxL
genes could not be detected in the bare site (detection limit, ≥4.7 × 10
3
copies per reaction) but average 1.0 × 10
8
± 2.4 × 10
7
and 8.6 × 10
8
± 7.6 ×10
7
copies g
−1
(dry weight) in edge and canopy sites, respectively, which differ statistically (
P
= 0.0007). Average
Burkholderia coxL
gene copy numbers, expressed as a percentage of total
Bacteria
16S rRNA gene copy numbers, are 6.2 and 0.7% for the edge and canopy sites, respectively. Although the percentage of
Burkholderia coxL
is lower in the canopy site, significantly greater gene copy numbers demonstrate that absolute abundance of
coxL
increases in vegetated sites and contributes to the expansion of CO oxidizer communities during biological succession on volcanic deposits.
Characterization of the
Aspergillus nidulans
Monodictyphenone Gene Cluster
Authors: Chiang Yi-Ming , Szewczyk Edyta , Davidson Ashley D. , Entwistle Ruth , Keller Nancy P. , Wang Clay C. C. , Oakley Berl R. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Deletion of
cclA
, a component of the COMPASS complex of
Aspergillus nidulans
, results in the production of monodictyphenone and emodin derivatives. Through a set of targeted deletions in a
cclA
deletion strain, we have identified the genes required for monodictyphenone and emodin analog biosynthesis. Identification of an intermediate, endocrocin, from an
mdpH
Δ strain suggests that
mdpH
might encode a decarboxylase. Furthermore, by replacing the promoter of
mdpA
(a putative
aflJ
homolog) and
mdpE
(a putative
aflR
homolog) with the inducible
alcA
promoter, we have confirmed that MdpA functions as a coactivator. We propose a biosynthetic pathway for monodictyphenone and emodin derivatives based on bioinformatic analysis and characterization of biosynthetic intermediates.
Comparison of Three Automated Immunoassay Methods for the Determination of Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific Immunoglobulin M
Authors: Berth Mario , Bosmans Eugene 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT
In this study we compared the performances of three commercially available Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) assays on highly automated immunoassay platforms: BioPlex 2200 (Bio-Rad Laboratories), Immulite 2000 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics), and Liaison (DiaSorin). As a confirmatory method, immunoblotting was performed. The specificity of the three EBV IgM assays was evaluated by testing 293 selected sera from patients with various infectious and noninfectious diseases. After the exclusion of 30 samples, the specificities were 96.2% for Liaison, 98.1% for Immulite, and 97.0% for BioPlex. For evaluation of the sensitivity, samples from 70 consecutive patients with a positive heterophile antibody test were examined, irrespective of clinical or biological findings. After the exclusion of six samples, the sensitivities were 89.1% for Liaison, 84.4% for Immulite, and 89.1% for BioPlex. Finally, in a prospective study performed with 500 samples obtained from consecutive patients and sent in by general practitioners, we also determined Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen IgG and viral capsid antigen IgG in a two-phase approach. Concordance of the EBV serologic status was 96.2% between Liaison and Immulite, 96.4% between Immulite and BioPlex, and 97.8% between BioPlex and Liaison. The three EBV IgM immunoassays that we evaluated have acceptable and comparable performances.
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium Vaccine Strains Expressing a Nontoxic Shiga-Like Toxin 2 Derivative Induce Partial Protective Immunity to the Toxin Expressed by Enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
Authors: Rojas Robert L. G. , Gomes Priscila A. D. P. , Bentancor Leticia V. , Sbrogio-Almeida Maria E. , Costa Sérgio O. P. , Massis Liliana M. , Ferreira Rita C. C. , Palermo Marina S. , Ferreira Luís C. S. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Shiga-like toxin 2 (Stx2)-producing enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(referred to as EHEC or STEC) strains are the primary etiologic agents of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which leads to renal failure and high mortality rates. Expression of Stx2 is the most relevant virulence-associated factor of EHEC strains, and toxin neutralization by antigen-specific serum antibodies represents the main target for both preventive and therapeutic anti-HUS approaches. In the present report, we describe two
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium
aroA
vaccine strains expressing a nontoxic plasmid-encoded derivative of Stx2 (Stx2ΔAB) containing the complete nontoxic A2 subunit and the receptor binding B subunit. The two
S
. Typhimurium strains differ in the expression of flagellin, the structural subunit of the flagellar shaft, which exerts strong adjuvant effects. The vaccine strains expressed Stx2ΔAB, either cell bound or secreted into the extracellular environment, and showed enhanced mouse gut colonization and high plasmid stability under both
in vitro
and
in vivo
conditions. Oral immunization of mice with three doses of the
S
. Typhimurium vaccine strains elicited serum anti-Stx2B (IgG) antibodies that neutralized the toxic effects of the native toxin under
in vitro
conditions (Vero cells) and conferred partial protection under
in vivo
conditions. No significant differences with respect to gut colonization or the induction of antigen-specific antibody responses were detected in mice vaccinated with flagellated versus nonflagellated bacterial strains. The present results indicate that expression of Stx2ΔAB by attenuated
S
. Typhimurium strains is an alternative vaccine approach for HUS control, but additional improvements in the immunogenicity of Stx2 toxoids are still required.
A Novel Surface Antigen of Relapsing Fever Spirochetes Can Discriminate between Relapsing Fever and Lyme Borreliosis
Authors: Lopez Job E. , Schrumpf Merry E. , Nagarajan Vijayaraj , Raffel Sandra J. , McCoy Brandi N. , Schwan Tom G. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTIn a previous immunoproteome analysis ofBorrelia hermsii, candidate antigens that bound IgM antibodies from mice and patients infected with relapsing fever spirochetes were identified. One candidate that was identified is a hypothetical protein with a molecular mass of 57 kDa that we have designatedBorreliaimmunogenic protein A (BipA). This protein was further investigated as a potential diagnostic antigen forB. hermsiigiven that it is absent from theBorrelia burgdorferigenome. ThebipAlocus was amplified and sequenced from 39 isolates ofB. hermsiithat had been acquired from western North America.bipAwas also expressed as a recombinant fusion protein. Serum samples from mice and patients infected withB. hermsiiorB. burgdorferiwere used to confirm the immunogenicity of the recombinant protein in patients infected with relapsing fever spirochetes. Lastly,in silicoand experimental analysis indicated that BipA is a surface-exposed lipoprotein inB. hermsii. These findings enhance the capabilities of diagnosing infection with relapsing fever spirochetes.
Relevance of DNA Alkylation Damage Repair Systems in
Salmonella enterica
Virulence
Authors: Àlvarez Gerard , Campoy Susana , Spricigo Denis A. , Teixidó Laura , Cortés Pilar , Barbé Jordi 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Systematic inactivation of pathways involved in DNA alkylation damage repair demonstrated that inactivation of the
ada
,
ogt
,
tag
,
uvrA
, and
mfd
genes is required to detect a
Salmonella enterica
virulence decrease. Furthermore, the fitness of
S. enterica
, defective in these genes, is lowered only when the bacterium is orally, but not intraperitoneally, inoculated.
Distribution of Melioidosis Cases and Viable
Burkholderia pseudomallei
in Soil: Evidence for Emerging Melioidosis in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yao-Shen , Lin Hsi-Hsun , Mu Jung-Jung , Chiang Chuen-Sheue , Chen Chang-Hsun , Buu Leh-Mia , Lin Yusen E. , Chen Ya-Lei 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

A survey for the prevalence if
Burkholderia pseudomallei
in soil in Taiwan found that its incidence is comparable to that in other regions of the world where melioidosis is endemic. The presence of identical genetic patterns among the clinical and environmental isolates evaluated suggested a link between the pathogens present in contaminated soil and the emergence of indigenous melioidosis.
Aspergillus PCR: One Step Closer to Standardization
Authors: White P. Lewis , Bretagne Stéphane , Klingspor Lena , Melchers Willem J. G. , McCulloch Elaine , Schulz Bettina , Finnstrom Niklas , Mengoli Carlo , Barnes Rosemary A. , Donnelly J. Peter , Loeffler Juergen 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

PCR has been used as an aid in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis for almost 2 decades. A lack of standardization has limited both its acceptance as a diagnostic tool and multicenter clinical evaluations, preventing its inclusion in disease-defining criteria. In 2006, the European
Aspergillus
PCR Initiative was formed. The aim of the initiative was to provide optimal standardized protocols for the widespread clinical evaluation of the
Aspergillus
PCR to determine its diagnostic role and allow inclusion in disease diagnosis criteria. Quality control panels were developed and circulated to centers for evaluation of the existing methodology before recommendations based on the initial results were proposed for further panels. The centers were anonymously classified as “compliant” or “noncompliant,” according to whether they had followed the proposed recommendations before the performance parameters were determined and meta-regression analysis was performed. Most PCR amplification systems provided similar detection thresholds, although positivity was a function of the fungal burden. When PCR amplification was combined with DNA extraction, 50% of the centers failed to achieve the same level of detection. Meta-regression analysis showed positive correlations between sensitivity and extraction protocols incorporating the proposed recommendations and the use of bead beating, white cell lysis buffer, and an internal control PCR. The use of elution volumes above 100 μl showed a negative correlation with sensitivity. The efficiency of the
Aspergillus
PCR is limited by the extraction procedure and not by PCR amplification. For PCR testing of whole blood, it is essential that large blood volumes (≥3 ml) be efficiently lysed before bead beating to disrupt the fungal cell and performance of an internal control PCR to exclude false negativity. DNA should be eluted in volumes of <100 μl.
Serotype and Genotype Replacement among Macrolide-Resistant Invasive Pneumococci in Adults: Mechanisms of Resistance and Association with Different Transposons
Authors: Calatayud Laura , Ardanuy Carmen , Tubau Fe , Rolo Dora , Grau Immaculada , Pallarés Román , Martín Rogelio , Liñares Josefina 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to analyze trends in adult invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to macrolide-resistant strains and to study the evolution of serotypes, genotypes, and macrolide-resistant determinants of strains collected in a prospective study between 1999 and 2007 in Barcelona, Spain. IPD due to macrolide-resistant strains of serotypes included in the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) decreased from 2.16/100,000 (pre-PCV7 period, 1999 to 2001) to 0.80/100,000 (late-PCV7 period, 2005 to 2007) (
P
= 0.001), whereas IPD due to macrolide-resistant strains of non-PCV7 serotypes increased from 1.08/100,000 to 2.83/100,000 (
P
< 0.001). These changes were related to a fall of clones of PCV7 serotypes (ST81 [
P
< 0.05], ST90, ST315, and ST17) and an increase in new clones of serotypes 19A and 24F (ST230) and 33F (ST717) in the late-PCV7 period. The most common phenotype was MLS
B
(90.9%), related to the
erm
(B) gene. The frequent association between MLS
B
phenotype and tetracycline resistance [
tet
(M) gene], was related to transposons of the Tn
916
-family such as Tn
6002
or Tn
3872
. In conclusion, overall adult IPD rates due to macrolide-resistant pneumococci stabilized between 1999 and 2007 in Barcelona. The decrease in macrolide-resistant PCV7 pneumococci was balanced by the increase in macrolide-resistant non-PCV7 pneumococci.
Novel Hot Spot of IS
6110
Insertion in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kim Elizabeth Y. , Nahid Payam , Hopewell Philip C. , Kato-Maeda Midori 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

We describe a hot spot for the insertion of IS
6110
in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
located in the area of region of difference 724 (RD724). Because RD724 defines sublineage 724 of
M. tuberculosis
, caution must be exercised when screening for RD724, as different polymorphisms can be observed in this region.