bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple and reliable methods for the determination of sixteen marker components for quality control of Daochi pill by HPLC coupled with diode array detection
Authors: Lu Binan , Liu Yuetao , Yin Lianhong , Wang Xiaona , Peng Jinyong 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIntroductionTraditional Chinese medicine plays a very important role in the healthcare system of China and thus the quality control of medicinal herb products is of paramount concern.ObjectiveTo establish a simple and effective high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to evaluate the quality of Daochi pill.MethodologyTwo HPLC methods were developed for the determination of 16 marker components in Daochi pills. In method A, the analytes were separated on a Lichrosorb C18 column using a gradient elution of methanol and 1% aqueous phosphoric acid (pH 2.9, adjusted by triethylamine). In method B, the separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column using a gradient elution of methanol and 3% aqueous phosphoric acid (pH 2.0, adjusted by triethylamine) in a gradient elution mode.ResultsMethods were linear over the range 0.27–500 µg/mL (r2 ≥ 0.9995). Accuracy, precision and repeatability were all within the required limits. The mean recoveries measured at three concentrations were higher than 95% with RSD ≤ 4% for the targets.ConclusionThe established methods are simple and can be used as tools for quality evaluation and control of this natural product. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a serodiagnostic antigen, legumain, by immunoproteomic analysis of excretory‐secretory products of Clonorchis sinensis adult worms
Authors: Ju Jung‐Won , Joo Hyun‐Na , Lee Myoung‐Ro , Cho Shin‐Hyeong , Cheun Hyeng‐Il , Kim Jung‐Yeon , Lee Young‐Hee , Lee Kwang‐Jun , Sohn Woon‐Mok , Kim Dong‐Min , Kim Il‐Chul , Park Byoung Chul , Kim Tong‐Soo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractClonorchis sinensis, the Chinese liver fluke, is the causative agent of clonorchiasis as well as liver and biliary diseases. The excretory‐secretory products (ESPs) of the parasites play important roles in host–parasite interactions. In this study, we have investigated the proteome of ESPs obtained from C. sinensis adult worms. Although the full genome database of C. sinensis is not yet available, we have successfully identified 62 protein spots using 2‐DE‐based mass analysis and EST database of C. sinensis. The proteins identified include detoxification enzymes, such as glutathione S‐transferase and thioredoxin peroxidase, myoglobin and a number of cysteine proteases that are expressed abundantly. In order to identify potential targets for the diagnosis and therapy of clonorchiasis, we conducted immunoblot analysis of the ESPs proteome using the sera obtained from clonorchiasis patients and identified legumains and cysteine proteases as antigens present in the ESPs. Although the cysteine proteases were previously reported to elicit antigenicity, the legumains are found herein for the first time as a serological antigen of C. sinensis. To confirm these findings, we expressed recombinant legumain in Escherichia coli and verified that recombinant legumain also functions as a potent antigen against the sera of clonorchiasis patients. Our results illustrate the validity of immuno‐proteomic approaches in the identification of serodiagnostic antigens in the parasites.
Proteomic analysis of Brucella suis under oxygen deficiency reveals flexibility in adaptive expression of various pathways
Authors: Dahouk Sascha Al , Loisel‐Meyer Séverine , Scholz Holger C. , Tomaso Herbert , Kersten Michael , Harder Alois , Neubauer Heinrich , Köhler Stephan , Jubier‐Maurin Véronique 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLow oxygen tension was proposed to be one of the environmental parameters characteristic of the patho‐physiological conditions of natural infections by Brucella suis. We previously showed that various respiratory pathways may be used by B. suis in response to microaerobiosis and anaerobiosis. Here, we compare the whole proteome of B. suis exposed to such low‐oxygenated conditions to that obtained from bacteria grown under ambient air using 2‐D DIGE. Data showed that the reduction of basal metabolism was in line with low or absence of growth of B. suis. Under both microaerobiosis and anaerobiosis, glycolysis and denitrification were favored. In addition, fatty acid oxidation and possibly citrate fermentation could also contribute to energy production sufficient for survival under anaerobiosis. When oxygen availability changed and became limiting, basic metabolic processes were still functional and variability of respiratory pathways was observed to a degree unexpected for a strictly aerobic microorganism. This highly flexible respiration probably constitutes an advantage for the survival of Brucella under the restricted oxygenation conditions encountered within host tissue.
The Pseudomonas putida Crc global regulator controls the hierarchical assimilation of amino acids in a complete medium: Evidence from proteomic and genomic analyses
Authors: Moreno Renata , Martínez‐Gomariz Montserrat , Yuste Luis , Gil Concha , Rojo Fernando 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Crc protein is a global translational regulator involved in catabolite repression of catabolic pathways for several non‐preferred carbon sources in Pseudomonads when other preferred substrates are present. Using proteomic and transcriptomic approaches, we have analyzed the influence of Crc in cells growing in a complete medium, where amino acids are the main carbon source. Inactivation of the crc gene modified the expression of at least 134 genes. Most of them were involved in the transport and assimilation of amino acids or sugars. This allowed envisioning which amino acids are preferentially used. Crc did not inhibit the pathways for proline, alanine, glutamate, glutamine and histidine. These amino acids are good carbon sources for P. putida. In the case of arginine, lysine, aspartate and asparagine, which can be assimilated through several pathways, Crc favored one particular route, inhibiting other alternatives. Finally, Crc‐inhibited genes needed to assimilate valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, threonine, glycine and serine, amino acids that provide a less efficient growth. Crc has therefore a key role in coordinating metabolism, controlling the sequential assimilation of amino acids when cells grow in a complete medium. Inactivation of crc reduced growth rate, suggesting that Crc optimizes metabolism.
Structure Control in Reactively Sputtered Ag/Cu/(Mn)/O Films
Authors: Pierson Jean‐Francois , Petitjean Carine , Horwat David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractCopper‐ and silver‐based oxides were deposited on glass and silicon substrates by reactive sputtering in various Ar/O2 mixtures. The deposition conditions range for paramelaconite synthesis is discussed. The structure of silver oxide films is discussed as a function of the oxygen flow rate introduced into the deposition chamber. Ag/Cu/O films were deposited using either co‐sputtering of silver and copper targets or sputtering of composite targets (Ag50Cu50 and Ag60Cu40). The control of the oxygen and/or the silver content allows the formation of various kinds of structures: X‐ray amorphous, metal/oxide nanocomposites or silver/copper oxides. Finally, the effect of copper and/or manganese addition in silver‐based oxides on their thermal stability is presented.magnified image
Deposition of TiONC Coatings by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition
Authors: Duday David , Choquet Patrick , Guillot Jérôme , Ghanbaja Jaafar , Migeon Henri‐Noël 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAccording to its high temperature stability, low friction coefficient, and relatively high hardness, titanium oxynitride is a good candidate for wear protection. However, titanium oxynitride is brittle which limits its application as a protective coating on metallic substrates for special applications. In this work, TiONC films were deposited by magnetron sputtering of Ti target and simultaneous implantation of N, O, and Ar. The samples are immersed in an Ar + N2 plasma in an atmosphere containing C and O during simultaneous deposition and implantation. The effects of implantation energy, ion on atom ratio, and gas mixture on microstructure, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of TiONC coatings were studied.
Radial‐Profile Control of Cylindrical Plasma Source With Multiple Low‐Inductance Antenna Units
Authors: Takenaka Kosuke , Setsuhara Yuichi , Nishisaka Kazuaki , Ebe Akinori 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRadial‐profile control of cylindrical plasma source with 500 mm in diameter has been carried out using multiple low‐inductance antenna (LIA) units. Measurements of ion saturation current in the cylindrical chamber demonstrated an excellent control capability of radial distribution by adjusting the power‐deposition profile. The non‐uniformity of radial distributions was improved from 8.3% to 5.4% with the plasma control technologies. The results indicate that the plasma control technologies with multiple LIA units are quite attractive as a plasma source for large‐area wafer processes over 450 mm in diameter, which inherently require excellent profile control capabilities.
Investigation of Synthesis‐Gas Production via CH4O2Ar Gas Mixture Using Microwave Plasma Torch
Authors: Yaghmaee Maziar S. , Shokri Babak , Khiabani Neda H. , Sarani Abdollah 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this study, a non‐thermal plasma reactor under atmospheric pressure instead of the usual catalytic processes was developed to produce synthesis‐gas (CO, H2) “syngas” from the CH4O2Ar system. Moreover, using the Gibbs free energy minimization method, the gas phase composition of plasma species was calculated as quantitative pre‐estimate for our analytical observations. In our experimental investigation, a plasma reactor consisting of a microwave plasma torch, gas tube, cooling section, and sampling part was used. The experiments have been carried out under atmospheric pressure with maximum 300 W microwave power. To analyze the produced gas, the gas chromatography (GC) and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have been used. In order to optimize the production conditions, the effect of O2/CH4 gas flow rate and plasma power in the plasma chemistry phenomenon, CH4 conversion and CO selectivity have been investigated. Our experimental results confirm our simulations and they are in good agreement with existing literature data so far.
Negative Ion Density Measurements in Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Dodd Robert , You ShaoDong , Bryant Paul M. , Bradley James W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA combination of laser photo‐detachment and conventional Langmuir probing has been used to obtain the bulk negative ion density in both a DC and radio frequency (RF) sputter magnetron. The argon and oxygen discharges were operated at low powers and over a range of pressures. The photo‐detachment signal is expected to reach a limiting value; however, the signal continues to increase with laser energy density and this can be attributed to a laser ablation effect. In the RF magnetron the electron temperature (Te) in oxygen decreased with increasing pressure, whereas the electron density (Ne) increased from 0.53 to 8.6 × 1014 m−3. At around 12 mTorr, a sudden increase in Ne by 3.7 is accompanied by a small drop in Te. The negative ion density (N−) also increases with pressure reaching a maximum of 1.7 × 1014 m−3 between 5 and 10 mTorr. Under similar conditions, the DC magnetron negative ion fraction (N−/Ne) is estimated to be ∼0.01, being significantly lower than in the RF magnetron where N−/Ne ≈ 1.
SiOx‐Based Gas Barrier Coatings for Polymer Substrates by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Deposition
Authors: Scopece Paolo , Viaro Andrea , Sulcis Roberta , Kulyk Illya , Patelli Alessandro , Guglielmi Massimo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn efficient way to increase the gas barrier properties of polymers is the development of silica barrier coatings; in fact inorganic barrier layers like SiNx and SiOx, usually obtained by PECVD, can decrease the gas permeation through polymeric substrates by several orders of magnitude. Nevertheless, the known costs of vacuum systems and in‐line processing needs have generated increasing interest to develop atmospheric condition alternatives. In this work results on deposition of SiOx on thin layers obtained by an atmospheric plasma jet as well as results on the gas permeation behaviour are presented. Obtained results, on the thickness and composition of the coatings, are evaluated under several deposition conditions.
Optimization of an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Copolymerization Process With a View to Nanopowder Functionalization
Authors: Hody Hubert , Choquet Patrick , Moreno Maryline , Pireaux Jean‐Jacques 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis work aims at optimizing a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) process in a reactor designed for coating nanopowders. A copolymerization involving maleic anhydride and vinyltrimethoxysilane has been chosen to functionalize samples with carboxylic groups. Prior to any deposition on powder, an optimization of the process on flat substrates is required to allow a carboxyl functionalization independent of the position in the reactor. Accordingly, flat substrates have been placed along the reactor and subsequently analysed by XPS, SEM and Auger. From the results obtained, experimental conditions allowing batches of functionalized powder are deduced.
PVD Synthesis and Transfer into Water‐Based Solutions of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Moreau Nicolas , Michiels Carine , Masereel Bernard , Feron Olivier , Gallez Bernard , Vander Borght Thierry , Lucas Stéphane 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLarge quantities of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were prepared by physical vapour deposition (PVD) technique. The produced nanoparticles were transferred into water solutions [containing 1% of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)]. To achieve this resuspension, the Au NPs were embedded in a NaCl matrix, also deposited by PVD. In order to avoid the instantaneous and irreversible aggregation of the Au NPs, a surface modification needs to be performed, for example, by coating the metallic particles with plasma polymerized polymers. In this work, we present selected conditions allowing the production of aqueous solutions of Au NPs with small diameters (ca. 10 nm). The whole process is carried out thanks to a fully automatic plasma deposition system, allowing the production of high concentration of gold nanoparticles.
Gene flow from weedy red rice (Oryza sativa L.) to cultivated rice and fitness of hybrids
Authors: Shivrain Vinod K , Burgos Nilda R , Gealy David R , Sales Marites A , Smith Kenneth L 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Gene transfer from weeds to crops could produce weedy individuals that might impact upon the evolutionary dynamics of weedy populations, the persistence of escaped genes in agroecosystems and approaches to weed management and containment of transgenic crops. The present aim was to quantify the gene flowrate from weedy red rice to cultivated rice, and evaluate the morphology, phenology and fecundity of resulting hybrids. Field experiments were conducted at Stuttgart and Rohwer, Arkansas, USA. Twelve red rice accessions and an imazethapyr‐resistant rice (Imi‐R; Clearfield™) were used.RESULTS: Hybrids between Imi‐R rice × red rice were 138–150 cm tall and flowered 1–5 days later than the rice parent, regardless of the red rice parent. Hybrids produced 20–50% more seed than the rice parent, but had equivalent seed production to the majority of red rice parents. Seeds of all hybrids were red, pubescent and dehisced at maturity. For the majority of hybrids, seed germination was higher than that of the red rice parent. The gene flowrate from red rice to rice was 0.01–0.2% and differed by red rice biotype. The hybrids had higher fecundity and potential competitive ability than the rice parent, and in some cases also the red rice parent.CONCLUSIONS: Red rice plants are vectors of gene flow back to cultivated rice and other weedy populations. The progeny of red rice hybrids from cultivated rice mother plants have higher chances of persistence than those from red rice mother plants. Gene flow mitigation strategies should consider this scenario. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Substrate‐temperature effect on the microstructural and optical properties of ZnS thin films obtained by close‐spaced vacuum sublimation
Authors: Kurbatov D. , Opanasyuk A. , Khlyap H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effect of substrate temperature (Ts = 373–973 K) on the structural and optical properties of ZnS films obtained by a close‐spaced vacuum sublimation technique has been studied. Examination of layers morphology and structure was performed by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction methods. The results of these studies enabled determination of the dependence of the main structural film parameters (texture, surface roughness, lattice parameters, grain and X‐ray scattering domain sizes, microstrain) on the growth conditions. Optical characteristics were studied in the range of wavelength near the “red edge” of ZnS photoconductivity. Spectral distributions of transmission coefficient T (λ), refractive index n (λ), extinction coefficient k (λ) and their dependence on the deposition temperature of ZnS films are obtained. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of substrate size on characteristics of carbon films deposited on glass plate substrates by thermal chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Chen Po‐Yu , Shiue Sham‐Tsong , Lin Hung‐Yi 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhen carbon films are prepared using thermal CVD, the properties of carbon films are affected by many factors, such as the precursor gas, deposition temperature, and working pressure. It is believed that the substrate size is also an important factor in preparing carbon films by thermal CVD. Hence, this study investigates the effect of substrate size on the properties of carbon coatings that are deposited on glass plate substrates in a quartz tube furnace using thermal CVD. Experimental results show that the deposition thickness decreases with increasing silica glass‐plate width, indicating that the deposition rate of carbon coatings decreases with increasing deposition area of the glass plate substrate. Meanwhile, the ordered degree and crystallite size of carbon films increase with increasing glass‐plate width, while the number and size of particles on carbon‐coating surfaces, surface roughness, and electrical resistivity of carbon films decrease. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of SiC diodes, power MOSFETs and intelligent power modules
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Miura Mineo , Kawamoto Noriaki , Nakano Yuki , Otsuka Takukazu , Oku‐mura Keiji , Kamisawa Akira 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) power devices have been expected as next‐generation power‐saving devices. We succeeded in fabricating very large area (1 cm2) SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with forward current of 300 A by inactivating areas including crystal defects. Heterojunction diodes with avalanche energy of over 2000 mJ/cm2were also developed. The reliability of gate oxide films of SiC DMOSFETs was enhanced to a level that is comparable to silicon power devices by improving oxidation techniques. We succeeded in fabricating SiC trench MOSFETs with low on‐resistance (1.7 mΩ cm2). 250 °C operation of intelligent power modules (IPMs) with SiC DMOSFETs was achieved by using a new attachment technology. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Broad gain spectra of single and multiple InGaAsN quantum well systems
Authors: Miloszewski Jacek M. , Wartak Marek S. , Weetman Philip 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe optical gain of single and multiple quantum well systems fabricated from InGaAsN/GaAs was investigated. We performed a numerical analysis to find structures which would increase the gain bandwidth for application in semiconductor optical amplifiers and broadband tunable lasers. A 10‐band k · p Hamiltonian was used to calculate TE modal gain spectra. First, we calculated the gain spectra of a single quantum well for varying nitrogen compositions and well widths at fixed carrier density. Next, we calculated the gain spectra for two‐ and three‐quantum‐well systems which used the compositions and sizes of the previously analyzed single wells. The three‐quantum‐well system had an approximate 100% increase of gain bandwidth in comparison with a single quantum well. This increase is due to carefully selected different values of nitrogen compositions in various quantum wells. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic structure and optical properties of BiSeI crystal
Authors: Audzijonis A. , Gaigalas G. , Žigas L. , Sereika R. , Žaltauskas R. , Balnionis D. , Rėza A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractElectronic structure and optical properties of BiSeI were investigated with ab initio calculations based on density‐functional theory (DFT). The full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP‐LAPW) method was used with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The complex dielectric function and optical constants, such as optical absorption coefficient, refractive index, extinction coefficient, energy‐loss spectrum and reflectivity, were calculated. It is shown that the p‐states of Bi, Se and I play an important role in absorption and reflectivity constants. The calculated optical constants of BiSeI exhibit anisotropy in two directions (x‐ and c‐axes). The experimental optical dielectric functions for single‐crystal BiSeI were determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The ellipsometry results were analyzed using the approximation of a pseudodielectric function (PDF). This method shows that experimental spectra consist of a four Lorentzian lines sum. The Lorentzian line parameters are obtained by minimization using the mean‐square method of the difference between the calculated and measured spectra of the dielectric constants. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On intrinsic point defect cluster formation during Czochralski crystal growth
Authors: Vanhellemont Jan , Spiewak Piotr , Sueoka Koji , Romandic Igor 
Published: June 2009

AbstractProgress in characterizing, understanding and controlling intrinsic point defect generation and clustering during Cz growth of single crystals is discussed. It is shown that intrinsic point defects in Si and Ge behave quite similar and that the observed clustering behaviour can be understood taking into account the impact of extrinsic point defects, doping and strain on the formation, recombination and diffusivity of the intrinsic point defects in both materials. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of defects in organic semiconductors by charge based Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (Q‐DLTS)
Authors: Nguyen T. P. , Renaud C. , Rendu P. Le , Yang S. H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe report the results of measurements of traps in light emitting devices using a new derivative of poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) as an active material by the charge based Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (Q‐DLTS) technique. Diodes of structure Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/PEDOT:PSS/poly(2‐ethylhexyl)surfanyl‐5‐methoxy phenylene vinylene (MEH‐S‐PPV)/M with M = Al and M = Ca/Al were investigated by measurements of current‐voltage‐luminance characteristics. From analysis of these characteristics, evidence of charge trapping in devices was demonstrated. The trap parameters were then determined from Q‐DLTS measurements, which were carried out on the samples as a function of the charging time, the applied voltage and the temperature. Five trap levels of activation energy in the range [0.3‐0.6 eV] and of density of order of 1017 cm–3 were identified in diodes with Ca/Al cathode. Electron (one level) and hole (four levels) traps were then clearly distinguished by performing measurements in hole‐only devices. Trapping processes are discussed and tentatively proposed to performance of the light emitting diodes studied. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)