bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective Review of Congenital Heart Disease in 976 Dogs
Authors: Oliveira P. , Domenech O. , Silva J. , Vannini S. , Bussadori R. , Bussadori C. 
Published: March 2011

Background: Knowledge of epidemiology is important for recognition of cardiovascular malformations.Objective: Review the incidence of congenital heart defects in dogs in Italy and assess breed and sex predispositions.Animals: Nine hundred and seventy‐six dogs diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD) of 4,480 dogs presented to Clinica Veterinaria Gran Sasso for cardiovascular examination from 1997 to 2010.Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records regarding signalment, history, clinical examination, radiography, electrocardiography, echocardiography, angiography, and postmortem examination was performed. Breed and sex predisposition were assessed with the odds ratio test.Results: CHD was observed in 21.7% of cases. A total of 1,132 defects were observed with single defects in 832 cases (85%), 2 concurrent defects in 132 cases (14%), and 3 concurrent defects in 12 cases (1%). The most common defects were pulmonic stenosis (PS; 32.1%), subaortic stenosis (SAS; 21.3%), and patent ductus arteriosus (20.9%), followed by ventricular septal defect (VSD; 7.5%), valvular aortic stenosis (AS; 5.7%), and tricuspid dysplasia (3.1%). SAS, PS, and VSD frequently were associated with other defects. Several breed and sex predispositions were identified.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: The results of this study are in accordance with previous studies, with slight differences. The breed and sex predilections identified may be of value for the diagnosis and screening of CHD in dogs. Additionally, the relatively high percentage of concurrent heart defects emphasizes the importance of accurate and complete examinations for identification. Because these data are from a cardiology referral center, a bias may exist.
Bovine milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus L8020 decreases the oral carriage of mutans streptococci and the burden of periodontal pathogens
Authors: Nikawa Hiroki , Tomiyama Yu , Hiramatsu Minako , Yushita Kaori , Takamoto Yuko , Ishi Hitomi , Mimura Sumiyo , Hiyama Aya , Sasahara Hisako , Kawahara Kazuko , Makihira Seicho , Satoda Takahiro , Takemoto Toshinobu , Murata Hiroshi , Mine Yuichi , Taji Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2011

Abstract Aim:  The aim of this study was to find the oral isolate of lactobacilli, which has the potential to inhibit either periodontal, cariogenic, or fungal pathogens in vitro, and to examine the effects of bovine milk fermented with the isolate on the oral carriage of cariogenic and periodontal pathogens.Methods:  The inhibitory effects of the supernatant of Man–Rogosa–Sharpe broth, in which each of 42 oral isolates of lactobacilli grown, was examined. One isolate, Lactobacillus rhamnosus L8020, that showed the potential to inhibit either periodontal, cariogenic, or fungal pathogens in vitro, was used to examine the effects of fermented milk on the oral carriage of cariogenic and periodontal pathogens, which was examined by a placebo‐controlled and cohort trial using 50 participants.Results:  Edible yogurt containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus L8020 significantly reduced the oral carriage of mutans streptococci (P < 0.01) and four periodontal pathogens examined: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium spp. (P < 0.01), but the phenomenon were not observed with the placebo yogurt (P > 0.05).Conclusion:  These results suggest that yogurt with Lactobacillus rhamnosus L8020 could reduce the risk of dental caries and periodontal disease.
A simple polytomy resolver for dated phylogenies
Authors: Kuhn Tyler S. , Mooers Arne Ø. , Thomas Gavin H. 
Published: March 2011

Summary1. Unresolved nodes in phylogenetic trees (polytomies) have long been recognized for their influences on specific phylogenetic metrics such as topological imbalance measures, diversification rate analysis and measures of phylogenetic diversity. However, no rigorously tested, biologically appropriate method has been proposed for overcoming the effects of this phylogenetic uncertainty.2. Here, we present a simple approach to polytomy resolution, using biologically relevant models of diversification. Using the powerful and highly customizable phylogenetic inference and analysis software beast and r, we present a semi‐automated ‘polytomy resolver’ capable of providing a distribution of tree topologies and branch lengths under specified biological models.3. Utilizing both simulated and empirical data sets, we explore the effects and characteristics of this approach on two widely used phylogenetic tree statistics, Pybus’ gamma (γ) and Colless’ normalized tree imbalance (Ic). Using simulated pure birth trees, we find no evidence of bias in either estimate using our resolver. Applying our approach to a recently published Cetacean phylogeny, we observed the expected small positive bias in γ and decrease in Ic.4. We further test the effect of polytomy resolution on diversification rate analysis using the Cetacean phylogeny. We demonstrate that using a birth–death model to resolve the Cetacean tree with 20%, 40% and 60% of random nodes collapsed to polytomies gave qualitatively similar patterns regarding the tempo and mode of diversification as the same analyses on the original, fully resolved phylogeny.5. Finally, we applied the birth–death polytomy resolution approach to a large (>5000 tips), but unresolved, supertree of extant mammals. We report a distribution of fully resolved model‐based trees, which should be useful for many future analysis of the mammalian supertree.
Gender-related differences on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug intestinal transport in rats
Authors: Mariana Ballent , Adrián Lifschitz , Guillermo Virkel , Juan Sallovitz , Laura Maté , Carlos Lanusse 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Objectives
Evidence of sex-related differences on drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are markedly increasing. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of gender on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug intestinal transport using two ex-vivo methodological approaches.

Methods
To study the comparative tissue uptake of ivermectin, intestinal sacs (distal jejunum/ileum) of male and female Wistar rats were incubated with ivermectin (0.5 µm) (a P-gp substrate) in the presence or absence of PSC833 (10 µm) (a P-gp inhibitor). Additionally, sex-based differences in the bidirectional transport of Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123; 5 µm) incubated either alone or with PSC833 (10 µm) were examined in diffusion chambers.

Key findings
The ivermectin accumulation in the everted gut sacs was higher in female compared with male intestine. The presence of PSC833 increased ivermectin accumulation profiles both in male and female rats. However, a greater response to transport modulation was observed in male compared with female animals. Similar results were obtained for Rho 123, where a higher absorption was measured in the intestine of females. PSC833 decreased Rho 123 intestinal secretion in animals of both sexes with a greater inhibition in male.

Conclusions
Substantial sex-related differences were observed on the ivermectin and Rho 123 active intestinal transport. Likewise, the PSC833-mediated modulation had a differential impact between male and female animals. Further work is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, which may have considerable pharmacological and clinical relevance.
Responsible self-medication: perceived risks and benefits of over-the-counter analgesic use
Authors: Stosic Rodney , Dunagan Fiona , Palmer Hazel , Fowler Trafford , Adams Ian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines awareness of the potential risks associated with over-the-counter (OTC) use of paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among Australian consumers to better understand patterns of usage of these products.MethodsWe employed two self-reported cross-sectional surveys (conducted in 2001 and 2009) using computer-aided telephone interviewing. Both survey samples were weighted to match national population proportions; data were collected for 3702 respondents (study 1, 2001, n = 1901; study 2, 2009, n = 1801). The inclusion criteria were age over 18 years and willingness to participate in the survey.Key findingsSelf-reported regular use (once or more per month) of OTC analgesics declined between 2001 (67.5%) and 2009 (55.0%; P &lt; 0.05). In 2009 42.0% of regular OTC analgesic users were purchasing NSAIDs outside the pharmacy setting (compared with none in 2001). Stated awareness of potential risks has increased slightly among regular paracetamol users (from 49.0% in 2001 to 52.0% in 2009) and regular NSAID users (from 25.0% in 2001 to 41.0% in 2009). Regular OTC analgesic users were considered to be using the product appropriately if there were no contraindications, warnings, precautions or potential drug interactions to the analgesic that they had used. In 2001, significantly more people were using paracetamol appropriately than were using NSAIDs appropriately (98.3 compared with 79.3%; P &lt; 0.05). Corresponding figures for 2009 were 96.4 and 69.1% (P &lt; 0.5).ConclusionsIncreasing consumer awareness of the need to consider potential risks prior to taking OTC analgesics is a positive sign. However, this has not translated to an increase in appropriate use of OTC NSAIDs; since ibuprofen has become available outside the pharmacy setting in Australia fewer people are using NSAIDs appropriately according to the label. The quality use of medicines, in particular OTC NSAIDs, is becoming increasingly reliant on product labelling and the ability of consumers to understand and self-assess risk.
Tectonic evolution of the northern Ural Orogen
Authors: Otto S. C. , Bailey R. J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The closure of the Uralian Ocean occurred in Early Permian-Early Triassic time. In the northern Ural fold belt, overthrusting to the west produced a major foreland basin to the west of the mountain chain. In contrast, in the northern extension of the Ural Orogen, the Taymyr fold belt, thrusting was directed to the SE. It is proposed that Novaya Zemlya, at the interface of these two zones, acted as a thin-skinned allochthonous nappe emplaced by gravity tectonics into a basin produced by rapid Permo-Triassic rifting in the eastern Barents Sea.
Late-orogenic extensional tectonics at the NW margin of the Caledonides in Scotland
Authors: Potts G. J. , Hunter R. H. , Harris A. L. , Fraser F. M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

A major ductile extensional structure throwing down several kilometres to the ESE probably marks the southern portion of the NW Caledonian orogenic margin in Scotland. This structure, the Sound of Iona Fault, is probably related to the intensely mylonitized zones that cut the Lewisian and adjacent Iona Group (?Torridonian) metasedimentary cover on Iona. The fault-related mylonites predated the 414±3 Ma Ross of Mull Granite and are inferred to have postdated the
c.
425 Ma Moine Thrust. It is concluded that the Sound of Iona Fault is one of the many late Caledonian faults in Scotland, but is exposed at a deeper structural level than normal. Its position at the orogenic margin of the Caledonides is similar to that of the Loch Gruinart Fault on Islay, hinting that (a) major steep fault(s) may be a significant feature of the largely concealed Caledonian margin south of Skye
Neodymium isotopic constraints on the protolith ages of rocks involved in Pan-African tectonism in the Mozambique Belt of Tanzania
Authors: Maboko M. A. H. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Nd isotopic data from samples collected across the Tanzanian sector of the Mozambique belt indicate that the bulk of the belt consists of early Proterozoic crust which was tectonothermally reworked during Pan-African time. The only evidence for younger crust is preserved in granulite complexes that are surrounded by older amphibolite-facies gneisses. The uniformity of crustal formation ages of the gneisses across most of the belt indicates that models explaining the Mozambique belt as a tectonic collage of terranes with different pre-Pan-African crustal histories are invalid.
Mass mortalities on an Irish Silurian seafloor
Authors: Harper D. A. T. , Scrutton C. T. , Williams D. M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Recurrent deep-water benthic communities, dominated by diverse tabulate corals, colonized soft substrates during the late Llandovery transgression in western Ireland. A number of autochthonous shelly assemblages dominated by brachiopods, corals and crinoids occur in the upper parts of the Kilbride Formation; the highest and most distal levels are dominated by
in situ
tabulate corals that are mantled by a thin layer of volcanic ash. Most of the coral colonies could cope with limited sedimentation: growth ceased after the volcaniclastic surge. This catastrophic mode of preservation permits an accurate analysis of an early stage of community development in deep-water benthos on a soft Llandovery seabed, periodically swept by volcaniclastic debris. The Kilbride faunas have implications for the palaeoenvironments and taphonomy of deep-water marine faunas associated with areas of active volcanism.
The Iceland plume and its influence on the evolution of the NE Atlantic
Authors: White R. S. , Morton A. C. 
Published: March 2011

The papers printed below were contributed by scientists who attended the second Arthur Holmes European Research Meeting held in Reykjavik, Iceland in early July 1994. The igneous rocks produced by mantle plumes and at seafloor spreading-centres provide a powerful probe for investigating the state of the mantle beneath the lithosphere. Iceland is a particularly good window into the convecting mantle because the North Atlantic spreading-centre crosses directly above the mantle plume: the plate divergence allows decompression melting to occur to depths as shallow as 15 km below the surface. In other mantle plumes, such as Hawaii, the thick lithospheric lid above the plume prevents the convecting mantle rising shallower than the base of the lithosphere which lies at a depth of many tens of kilometres. A further feature of the NE Atlantic is that decompression melting beneath the spreading centres adjacent to Iceland samples the asthenospheric mantle consistently at all distances from the mantle plume: this allows the spatial and temporal extent and variability of the plume to be investigated.
The Arthur Holmes meeting was held early July 1994 in Reykjavik, Iceland, fittingly enough at a location almost on top of the European-North American plate boundary, and directly above the Iceland plume. The presentations covered six main themes: melt generation; the relative importance of plume, depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt and other magma sources; breakup processes and effects on marginal basins; the timing and expression of volcanic and tectonic events; and geochemical and geophysical manifestations of the plume through space
Dynamic support by the Iceland Plume and its effect on the subsidence of the northern Atlantic margins
Authors: Clift Peter D. , Turner Jonathan ,   The ODP Leg 152 Scientific Party
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A transect of drill sites across the East Greenland margin made by ODP Leg 152 provides important new data on the subsidence history of this margin, complementing earlier ODP and DSDP drill sites on the conjugate Hatton Bank, as well as the Vøring Plateau. Fluvial sediments recovered from under the basalts of the dipping reflector series indicate uplift and subaerial exposure of the margin prior to basalt eruption. The basaltic basement at Site 918, located oceanward of the continent-ocean transition, shows anomalously slow subsidence during the first 15–20 Ma after continental break-up, compared to normal ocean crust. Similar anomalous subsidence characterizes the early subsidence at DSDP Sites 552–554 on the Hatton Bank. Here however the anomaly is of lower magnitude and of shorter duration. At the Vøring Plateau dynamic support is apparent on the landward side of the continent—ocean transition but offshore the evidence for strong, long duration support is lacking. We interpret the subsidence results to reflect dynamic support of the North Atlantic rifted margins by the Iceland plume, with the greater support at the East Greenland sites reflecting their position closer to the plume centre during the initial post-rift period than those on the Hatton Bank or Vøring Plateau. The subsidence data are in accord with models of a large plume head of 1000 km radius but cannot resolve between models proposing arrival of a pre-existing plume into the area during the late Palaeocene, rather than the incubation of a new plume under the area at that time. The low degree of dynamic support seen at the Vøring Plateau and the marked difference between the support at the East Greenland drill sites versus those at Hatton Bank does not support the plume centre being at Kangerdlugssuaq at 55 Ma, but instead at a location further west, under the Greenland craton.
Late Cretaceous basalts from Rosemary Bank, Northern Rockall Trough
Authors: Morton Andrew C. , Hitchen Ken , Ritchie J. Derek , Hine Nicolette M. , Whitehouse Martin , Carter Sam G. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
A borehole drilled on the top of Rosemary Bank (Rockall Trough, NE Atlantic), recovered 16.72m of basalts and volcaniclastic sediments beneath a 1.53m thick limestone with basalt clasts, biostratigraphically dated as late Maastrichtian. Magnetostratigraphic data, constrained by the biostratigraphy, indicate extrusion of Rosemary Bank basalts took place during magnetochron C31R (71–69 Ma), or possibly earlier. This provides definite proof of pre-Tertiary volcanism in the Rockall Trough, and indicates that the onset of activity in the North Atlantic Igneous Province took place at least 7 Ma earlier than the postulated arrival of the Icelandic plume at 62 Ma. Geochemical and isotopic data suggest there was an enriched component to the magmatic source. Present data cannot resolve whether the Rosemary Bank basalts are an early manifestation of the Icelandic plume, whether they were associated with a different plume, or whether they were derived from enriched upper mantle without a significant thermal anomaly.
Transient regional uplift in the Early Tertiary of the northern North Sea and the development of the Iceland Plume
Authors: Nadin P. A. , Kusznir N. J. , Toth J. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Forward and reverse 2D flexural modelling of syn-rift and post-rift stratigraphy, has been used to investigate departures from McKenzie post-rift subsidence for the Cretaceous-Tertiary following Late Jurassic rifting in the northern North Sea Basin. The analysis shows uplift in the Palaeocene of 375–525 m relative to calibrated McKenzie subsidence curves, followed by a rapid decrease in uplift in the Early Eocene of 160–310 m. Both Palaeocene uplift and Eocene subsidence increase northwards. The timing, distribution and magnitude of regional Palaeocene uplift is consistent with an origin relating to the development of a mantle plume between 65 and 55 Ma. Transient regional Palaeocene uplift in the northern North Sea Basin was produced by long wavelength dynamic uplift generated by the flow field of a mantle plume. Heating of the asthenosphere or lithosphere beneath the North Sea by hot plume material, or magmatic underplating are not believed to have contributed to Palaeocene uplift in the northern North Sea Basin. Rapid Early Eocene subsidence was generated by a decrease in dynamic uplift caused by a reduction in plume activity. The plume responsible for North Sea Palaeocene uplift may have been the early Iceland plume or a distinct British Tertiary Igneous Province plume related to the same mantle convection event.
Early Tertiary magmatism in NE Greenland
Authors: Upton B.G.J. , Emeleus C.H. , Rex D.C. , Thirlwall M.F. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Between 73° and 74°N in NE Greenland, a Lower Series of quartz tholeiite lavas is overlain by an Upper Series which varies from quartz tholeiitic to basanitic. The Lower Series basalts are attributed to large melt fractions produced east of the present outcrop where lithospheric thinning permitted the Iceland plume to ascend to shallow levels.

Relocation of eruption sites up to 150 km (?) further west, preceeded Upper Series activity. In this, small-degree melts, generated principally from garnet-lherzolite facies sources, were followed by products of more extensive, shallower melting which gave rise successively to the Upper Series lavas, a post-Upper Series basaltic dyke swarm and its associated caldera complex. Palaeomagnetic observations and
40
Ar/
39
Ar dating suggest that the Lower Series (and part of the Upper Series) erupted in C24r at 58–57 Ma. Rejuvenescent activity at
c.
32 Ma, marking the termination of volcanism, may relate to decompressive mantle melting associated with late regional uplift.
Widespread Palaeocene volcanism around the northern North Atlantic and Labrador Sea: evidence for a large, hot, early plume head
Authors: Chalmers J. A. , Larsen L. M. , Pedersen A. K. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Voluminous volcanism took place west of Greenland and northwest of the British Isles in the Palaeocene, 6–7 Ma before the start of sea-floor spreading in the northern North Atlantic. Very hot (picritic) magmas were produced simultaneously in such widely separated areas that they could not all have been above the central stem of the same mantle plume. A single, large plume head with temperatures of
c.
1500°C over a diameter of
c.
2000 km can explain the observations if surface volcanic activity took place only where the lithosphere was thin. The presence of picrites does not indicate proximity to the plume stem.
Generation of the Pb isotopic characteristics of the Iceland plume
Authors: Thirlwall M.F. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Existing interpretations of the Pb isotopic compositions of recent basaltic lavas from Iceland and adjacent sectors of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge have regarded these as the products of mixing between a single Icelandic plume component and a depleted mantle component similar to that supplying mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) away from plume influences.
208
Pb-
207
Pb relationships are not consistent with these interpretations and suggest instead that few if any modern Icelandic lavas contain a MORB asthenosphere component. In particular, the low
207
Pb/
204
Pb of north Iceland picrites relative to MORB and the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line is very difficult to explain by mixing of currently proposed mantle components. The offset of the Icelandic data array to lower
207
Pb/
204
Pb than MORB on all Pb isotope diagrams might instead be viewed as the product of
206
Pb/
204
Pb and
208
Pb/
204
Pb increases, resulting from moderately high μ during the Phanerozoic, a HIMU character also indicated by K depletion in Iceland plume basalts. This mechanism can generate the Pb isotope compositions of most Icelandic basalts, but not those of Theistareykir picrites, the origin of which remains unclear.
The scale of source heterogeneity beneath the Eastern neovolcanic zone, Iceland
Authors: Furman T. , Frey F. , Park K.-H. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Geochemical characteristics of Icelandic basalts require mixing of several sources: depleted asthenosphere, a plume (presumably heterogeneous), and an enriched component (e.g. hydrothermally altered crust). We use lava compositions and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic ratios from neighbouring coeval volcanic centres to define spatial variations in source components beneath the neovolcanic zones. Within the Eastern Volcanic Zone, basalt compositions vary systematically from tholeiitic near central Iceland (Veidivotn, Grimsvotn) to Fe-Ti tholeiites at Hekla and Katla, to alkaline in Vestmannaeyjar. Each volcanic centre has distinctive geochemical characteristics that require differences in source components and proportions on the scale of 10–20 km.