bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red blood cell storage is associated with length of stay and renal complications after cardiac surgery
Authors: Sanders Julie , Patel Sanjiv , Cooper Jackie , Berryman Jennifer , Farrar Daniel , Mythen Michael , Montgomery Hugh E. 
Published: May 2011

BACKGROUND: The association of red blood cell (RBC) storage on morbidity outcome after cardiac surgery is debated. We sought to clarify the association of the age of transfused blood on outcome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were drawn from a prospective, observational cohort study of morbidity outcome in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood transfusion data were obtained retrospectively via the Trust blood bank electronic records. Old blood was defined as more than 14 days old. The primary outcome measure was postoperative length of stay (PLOS). Secondary outcome measures included renal failure and morbidity as defined within the postoperative morbidity survey.RESULTS: A total of 176 (39.6%) of 444 participants received a blood transfusion. Patients transfused with new blood had a reduced PLOS compared with patients receiving exclusively old or any old blood (old blood ± new blood; 7 days vs. 8 days, p = 0.04 and vs. 10 days, p = 0.002, respectively). In patients who only had 1 unit transfused, PLOS was longer in those receiving only old blood compared with those receiving only new blood (8 days vs. 6 days, p = 0.02) with a 3.8‐fold risk of longer stay. Compared with patients receiving exclusively new blood, patients receiving any old blood had a higher incidence of new renal complications (65.7% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.008). Each 1‐day increase in storage was associated with a 7% increase in risk of new renal complications.CONCLUSION: Our data support previous suggestions of an association between transfusion of older RBCs and poorer outcome in cardiac surgery patients. Randomized controlled trials are required to determine the true causal nature of any such association.
Self‐administered symphysis–fundus measurements analyzed with a novel statistical method for detection of intrauterine growth restriction: a clinical evaluation
Authors: BERGMAN EVA , AXELSSON OVE , PETZOLD MAX , SONESSON CHRISTIAN , KIELER HELLE 
Published: May 2011

Abstract Objective. To assess the ability of self‐administered symphysis–fundus measurements used with the Shiryaev–Roberts statistical method (SR method) to identify growth‐restricted (IUGR) fetuses and compare it with the traditional SF method (symphysis–fundus measurements used with a population‐based reference curve). Design. Longitudinal study. Setting. Pregnant women attending primary antenatal care centres. Population. From a population of 1 888 women with singleton ultrasound‐dated pregnancies, we analyzed data from 1 122 women. Methods. Weekly self‐administered SF measurements from gestational week 25 until delivery were analyzed according to the SR method. Neonatal morbidity and small for gestational age (SGA) were used as proxies for IUGR. Small for gestational age was defined as a birthweight less than two standard deviations (SD) and <10th percentile. We assessed the sensitivity of the SR and the SF methods to detect neonatal morbidity and SGA. Main Outcome Measures. Birth‐related mortality, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, Apgar score ≤6 at five minutes, pH ≤7.00 in the umbilical artery, neonatal care, preterm delivery, operative delivery for fetal distress and SGA. Results. For the SR method, the sensitivity for neonatal morbidity was between 6.0 and 36.4%, for SGA <2SD 36.8%, and for SGA <10th percentile 20.9%. The SF method had a sensitivity between 6.0 and 13.8% for neonatal morbidity, 52.3% for SGA <2SD and 28.6% for SGA <10th percentile. Conclusions. The SR and the SF methods had low sensitivities for neonatal morbidity.
Resorption of deproteinized bovine bone mineral in a porcine calvaria augmentation model
Authors: Busenlechner Dieter , Tangl Stefan , Arnhart Christoph , Redl Heinz , Schuh Christian , Watzek Georg , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Objectives: The original aim of the study was to determine the osteoconductive capacity of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) of different particle sizes underneath acrylic hemispheres in vivo. However, the model failed and allowed us to report on the resorption of DBBM.
Material and methods: Acrylic hemispheres were filled with and without a DBBM at a small particle size of 125–250 μm and at the regular particle size of 250–1000 μm. The hemispheres were positioned on the calvaria of eight minipigs. Histological and histomorphometric analysis was performed after 12 weeks.
Results: We found that the acrylic hemispheres were displaced and a dense fibrous capsule sequestered the augmented area. Histology showed severe resorption activity and the presence of multinucleated cells on the surface of DBBM particles in areas adjacent to the fibrous capsule. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that only less than half of the originally augmented area, which was approximately 30 mm2, remained after 12 weeks. The amount of residual DBBM (median 0.9 and 3.49 mm2) and bone (median 7.22 and 7.51 mm2) in the augmented area was similar in the small and the regular particle size group.
Conclusion: The model represents a pathologic situation of excess resorption of DBBM and bone in an augmented area. The underlying cellular mechanisms remain to be uncovered.
To cite this article: Busenlechner D, Tangl S, Arnhart C, Redl H, Schuh C, Watzek G, Gruber R. Resorption of deproteinized bovine bone mineral in a porcine calvaria augmentation model. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 95–99. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02198.x
Three ways of understanding development as a teacher
Authors: Stenfors‐Hayes T. , Hult H. , Dahlgren L. O. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe demands on faculty in terms of teaching are increasing, but until recently there has been little discussion of how faculty perceive that development as a teacher can be achieved or what approaches they use or suggest themselves. The aim of this study is to explore how teachers in dentistry and medicine understand development as teachers. For this study, 20 teachers were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using a phenomenographic approach. Three different ways of understanding development were identified: 1) Development as a dental or medical clinician/expert as the teacher role is seen as a tacit part of the role of the clinician. 2) Experience and professional and personal maturation, related to personal and professional development and confidence in ones clinical role. 3) Knowledge in education and systematic teacher training as in this category, being a teacher is seen as a separate role from that of being a clinician. The differences in these three ways of understanding development as a teacher are shown in their different aims of development, what kind of knowledge that may be used and what methods they suggested. The way teachers understand what it means to develop as a teacher will affect their motivation for engaging in development activities, which activities they choose and their own aims of development. This means that awareness of teachers’ understanding of development is central when developing support or faculty development activities for teachers.
Central nervous system processing of emotions in children with faecal incontinence
Authors: Becker A , Rubly M , El Khatib D , Becker N , von Gontard A 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAim:  Faecal incontinence (FI) is a common disorder involving both the enteric (ENS) and central nervous systems (CNS). The aim of the study is to analyze neurophysiologically the central processing of emotions in children with FI, healthy controls and children with Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:  Fourteen children with FI and constipation, nine with non‐retentive FI, 15 controls and 13 children with ADHD were examined. The methods included a physical exam, sonography, Child Behavior Checklist, a psychiatric interview and intelligence test. Acoustic evoked potentials were recorded according to standardized methodology. For the event‐related potentials, 80 neutral, 40 positive and 40 negative pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), and 40 pictures depicting faeces were presented.Results:  Children with FI had significantly more intense responses for most stimuli over the frontal, central and parietal regions compared to controls. Stool pictures did not evoke stronger responses than other stimuli. Children with constipation elicited stronger responses. Children with ADHD did not differ from controls. Acoustic evoked potentials were comparable in all groups.Conclusions:  Children with FI have increased responses in the processing of emotions. These can be interpreted as a neurobiological vulnerability, possibly due to the association of the ENS and CNS.
Analysis of New Bone Formation Induced by Periosteal Distraction in a Rat Calvarium Model
Authors: Saulacic Nikola , Schaller Benoit , Iizuka Tateyuki , Buser Daniel , Hug Cladius , Bosshardt Dieter D. 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: A controlled, gradual distraction of the periosteum is expected to result in the formation of new bone.Purpose: This study was designed to estimate the possibility of new bone formation by periosteal distraction in a rat calvarium model.Material and Methods: Sixteen animals were subjected to a 7‐day latency period and distraction rate at 0.4 mm/24 hours for 10 days. Two experimental groups with seven rats each were killed at 10 and 20 days of consolidation period and analyzed by means of microcomputed tomography, histologically and histomorphometry.Results: In the central regions underneath the disk device, signs of both bone apposition and bone resorption were observed. Peripheral to the disc, new bone was consistently observed. This new bone was up to two and three times thicker than the original bone after a 10‐ and 20‐day consolidation period, respectively. Signs of ongoing woven bone formation indicated that the stimulus for new bone formation was still present. There were no statistically significant differences regarding bone density, bone volume, and total bone height between the two groups.Conclusion: The periosteal distraction model in the rat calvarium can stimulate the formation of considerable amounts of new bone.
One‐Year Results of a Clinical and Radiological Prospective Multicenter Study on NEOSS® Dental Implants
Authors: Dahlin Christer , Widmark Göran , Bergkvist Göran , Fürst Björn , Widbom Tor , Kashani Hossein 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTBackground: NEOSS® (Neoss Ltd., Harrogate, UK) dental implant system was introduced on the clinical arena in 2003. It is important that novel implant systems are systematically evaluated in a multicenter setting.Purpose: The aim of this study was to follow a large number of consecutively treated patients, with NEOSS dental implant system, both clinically and radiographically. The current report constitutes the 1‐year data of a planned 5‐year study.Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 177 patients treated with 590 NEOSS implants at 13 clinics in Sweden. The material was composed of 72 males and 105 females treated for single, partial, and total edentulism. Clinical, radiographic, and subjective evaluations were performed.Results: Out of 590 implants, 13 early failures have been reported, corresponding to a 1‐year cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 97.8%. Evaluation of function and esthetics at the 1‐year visit resulted in 100% success for function and 98% success for the esthetic outcome. The mean marginal bone loss was 0.6 mm (SD 1.1) after 1 year in clinical function. No adverse effects of the NEOSS dental implants were reported, and complications were few and similar to those reported for implant treatment in general.Conclusion: The CSR in the present study was 97.8%. No adverse effects of the NEOSS implants were reported, and complications during the study period were few and similar to those reported to for other well‐documented implants system. Based on the present data, we conclude that NEOSS dental implant is a safe and predictable implant system. However, the high number of dropouts in the radiological evaluation must be considered when interpreting the data.
Effect of pre‐processing methods on bond strength between acrylic resin teeth and acrylic denture base resin
Authors: Kurt Murat , Saraç Yakup Şinasi , Ural Çağrı , Saraç Duygu 
Published: May 2011

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00480.x

Effect of pre‐processing methods on bond strength between acrylic resin teeth and acrylic denture base resinObjectives:  This study evaluated the effects of various pre‐processing methods on the bond strength between resin and denture teeth.Backgrounds:  Debonding of acrylic resin teeth from denture base material is a problem for patients wearing complete dentures.Materials and Methods:  Four experimental groups (n = 30) were investigated by subjecting tooth–resin bonding to tensile loading. Specimens were prepared and tested according to the methods of the International Standards Organization (ISO 22112:2005) using a special assembly. Four pre‐processing surface treatments of teeth were applied: (i) ST1, no treatment applied (control); (ii) ST2, wax solvent (Dewaks, Faber Kimya & Ilaç, Turkey); (iii) ST3, boiling water followed by conditioning with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer (Meliodent, Bayer Dental, Germany); (iv) ST4, boiling water followed by wax solvent agent and finally MMA monomer application. Bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine.Results:  All the strength values of the test groups were within clinically acceptable limits. The lowest values were from the ST1 group and the highest values were in the ST4 group.Conclusions:  Wax elimination methods affected bonding strength. Application of wax solvent and MMA monomer to the ridge lap surfaces of the teeth gave the best results. In clinical practice, this application procedure may decrease the bonding failure of denture teeth.
Rare case of isolated levocardia with polysplenia including normally structured lung without cardiac anomaly
Authors: Imamura Takashi , Momoi Nobuo , Go Hayato , Ogasawara Kei , Sato Maki , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTIsolated levocardia (IL) is a rare type of situs inversus in which the heart is in the normal left‐side position, but the abdominal viscera are in the dextroposition. Polysplenia is a congenital disorder affecting the asymmetric organs, including the heart, lungs, bronchi, liver, stomach, intestines, and spleen. In this report, we present a rare type satisfying the characteristics of both IL and polysplenia, confirmed by several imaging investigations, which revealed normally structured lungs and heart and the existence of the inferior vena cava (IVC), which runs on the left side, returns to the anterior‐right side at the liver, and returns to the right atrium directly. Anatomical investigation and careful observation will make it possible to improve the prognosis of IL.
Regulation of Meristem Size by Cytokinin SignalingF
Authors: Skylar Anna , Wu Xuelin 
Published: May 2011

Abstract Xuelin Wu (Corresponding author) The plant meristems possess unique features that involve maintaining the stem cell populations while providing cells for continued development. Although both the primary shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the root apical meristem (RAM) are specified during embryogenesis, post‐embryonic tissue proliferation is required for their full establishment and maintenance throughout a plants' life. The phytohormone cytokinin (CK) interacts with other systemic signals and is a key regulator of meristem size and functions. The SAM and the RAM respond to CK stimulations in different manners: CK promotes tissue proliferation in the SAM through pathways dominated by homeobox transcription factors, including the class I KNOX genes, STIP, and WUS; and curiously, it favors proliferation at low levels and differentiation at a slightly higher concentration in the RAM instead. Here we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying CK actions in regulating meristematic tissue proliferation.
A Gain‐of‐Function Mutation in IAA7/AXR2 Confers Late Flowering under Short‐day Light in ArabidopsisF
Authors: Mai Yan‐Xia , Wang Long , Yang Hong‐Quan 
Published: May 2011

Abstract Floral initiation is a major step in the life cycle of plants, which is influenced by photoperiod, temperature, and phytohormones, such as gibberellins (GAs). It is known that GAs promote floral initiation under short‐day light conditions (SDs) by regulating the floral meristem‐identity gene LEAFY (LFY) and the flowering‐time gene SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1). We have defined the role of the auxin signaling component INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACID 7 (IAA7)/AUXIN RESISTANT 2 (AXR2) in the regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that the gain‐of‐function mutant of IAA7/AXR2, axr2‐1, flowers late under SDs. The exogenous application of GAs rescued the late flowering phenotype of axr2‐1 plants. The expression of the GA20 oxidase (GA20ox) genes, GA20ox1 and GA20ox2, was reduced in axr2‐1 plants, and the levels of both LFY and SOC1 transcripts were reduced in axr2‐1 mutants under SDs. Furthermore, the overexpression of SOC1 or LFY in axr2‐1 mutants rescued the late flowering phenotype under SDs. Our results suggest that IAA7/AXR2 might act to inhibit the timing of floral transition under SDs, at least in part, by negatively regulating the expressions of the GA20ox1 and GA20ox2 genes.
Further Sunyaev-Zel’dovich observations of two Planck ERCSC clusters with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager
Authors:   AMI Consortium, Hurley-Walker Natasha , Brown Michael L. , Davies Matthew L. , Feroz Farhan , Franzen Thomas M. O. , Grainge Keith , Hobson Michael P. , Lasenby Anthony , Olamaie Malak , Pooley Guy , Rodríguez-Gonzálvez Carmen , Saunders Richard D. E. , Schammel Michel P. , Scaife Anna M. M. , Scott Paul F. , Shimwell Timothy , Titterington David , Waldram Elizabeth 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We present follow-up observations of two galaxy clusters detected blindly via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) effect and released in the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue. We use the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager, a dual-array 14–18 GHz radio interferometer. After radio source subtraction, we find a SZ decrement of integrated flux density -1.08 ± 0.10 mJy towards PLCKESZ G121.11+57.01, and improve the position measurement of the cluster, finding the centre to be RA 12th59m36s.4, Dec +60°04′46″.8, to an accuracy of 20 arcsec. The region of PLCKESZ G115.71+17.52 contains strong extended emission, so we are unable to confirm the presence of this cluster via the SZ effect.
Swift detection of an intermediately long X-ray burst from the very faint X-ray binary XMMU J174716.1-281048
Authors: Degenaar N. , Wijnands R. , Kaur R. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We report on the Swift detection of a thermonuclear X-ray burst from the very-faint quasi-persistent neutron star X-ray binary XMMU J174716.1-281048, which triggered the satellite’s Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on 2010 August 13. Analysis of the BAT spectrum yields an observed bolometric peak flux of ≃4.5 × 10-8 erg cm-2 s-1, from which we infer a source distance of ≲8.4 kpc. Follow-up observations with Swift’s X-ray Telescope (XRT) suggest that the event had a duration of ≃3 h and a total radiated energy of ≃9 × 1040 erg, which classify it as an intermediately long X-ray burst. This is only the second X-ray burst ever reported from this source. Inspection of Swift/XRT observations performed between 2007 and 2010 suggests that the 2–10 keV accretion luminosity of the system is ≃5 × 1034 erg s-1 for an assumed distance of 8.4 kpc. Despite being transient, XMMU J174716.1-281048 appears to have been continuously active since its discovery in 2003.
Quality, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of New Flat‐Type Peach and Nectarine Cultivars: A Comparative Study
Authors: Legua Pilar , Hernández Francisca , Díaz‐Mula Huertas M. , Valero Daniel , Serrano María 
Published: May 2011

Abstract:  In this work, some organoleptic and nutritive parameters related to fruit quality (color, firmness, total soluble solids, and total acidity), the content of bioactive compounds (total phenolics and total carotenoids) as well as the total antioxidant activity (TAA) due to hydrophilic (H‐TAA) and lipophilic (L‐TAA) compounds have been determined in both skin and flesh of 10 flat peach and nectarine genotypes (7 peaches and 3 nectarines). Results showed that genotype plays an important role in determining the organoleptic and nutritive quality, as well as the concentration of bioactive compounds and the related TAA, since these parameters differed largely among cultivars. Overall data suggest that for commercial purposes and consumer's acceptability (based on color, firmness, acidity, and bioactive compounds), the flat nectarine “ASF‐06‐83” and the flat peaches “Sweet Cap” and “ASF‐06‐91” could be considered as the best cultivars. Additionally, it is suggested that the content of bioactive compounds should be included as an important factor in future breeding program to obtain new genotypes with enhanced bioactive compounds.Practical Application:  Genotype of flat peaches and nectarines plays an important role in determining the organoleptic and nutritive quality, as well as the content of bioactive compounds. Given the differences on bioactive compounds concentration and antioxidant activity among peaches and nectarines flat cultivars, these parameters should be included as an important factor in future breeding program to obtain new genotypes with enhanced bioactive compounds.
The role of HIF‐1, angiopoietin‐2, Dll4 and Notch1 in bleeding gastrointestinal vascular malformations and thalidomide‐associated actions: A pilot in vivo study
Authors: TAN Hong Hong , GE Zhi Zheng , GAO Yun Jie , CHEN Hui Min , FANG Jing Yuan , CHEN Hai Ying , LIU Wen Zhong , XIAO Shu Dong 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate plasma levels of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1), angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2), Delta‐like ligand 4 (Dll4) and Notch1 in patients with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastrointestinal vascular malformation (GIVM) with or without thalidomide treatment.METHODS:  Ten eligible patients with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding due to GIVM, who received thalidomide 100 mg/d for 4 months, were followed up for 1 year. The effective response was the proportions of patients with yearly bleeding episodes reduced by ≥50% at 1 year after treatment. Plasma levels of HIF‐1, Ang‐2, Dll4 and Notch1 were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in the GIVM thalidomide treatment group before and after treatment (10 patients), the GIVM non‐thalidomide treatment group (25 patients) and the control group (18 participants).RESULTS:  In the GIVM thalidomide treatment group, eight patients (8/10) achieved effective response and five (5/10) displayed complete cessation of bleeding. Mean plasma levels of HIF‐1, Ang‐2, Dll4 and Notch1 were all higher in the GIVM thalidomide and non‐thalidomide treatment groups than in the control group (all P < 0.001). However, Ang‐2 decreased more significantly in the effective subgroups (P = 0.003) and no‐bleeding patients (P = 0.008).CONCLUSIONS:  HIF‐1, Ang‐2, Dll4 and Notch1 might participate in the formation of GIVM. Thalidomide is an effective and safe treatment agent for GIVM and its associated bleeding. The reduction degree of Ang‐2 after a 4‐month treatment of thalidomide may offer values for evaluating its prognosis and efficacy.