bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring patterns in dictionary definitions for synonym extraction
Authors: WANG TONG , HIRST GRAEME 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAutomatic determination of synonyms and/or semantically related words has various applications in Natural Language Processing. Two mainstream paradigms to date, lexicon-based and distributional approaches, both exhibit pros and cons with regard to coverage, complexity, and quality. In this paper, we propose three novel methods—two rule-based methods and one machine learning approach—to identify synonyms from definition texts in a machine-readable dictionary. Extracted synonyms are evaluated in two extrinsic experiments and one intrinsic experiment. Evaluation results show that our pattern-based approach achieves best performance in one of the experiments and satisfactory results in the other, comparable to corpus-based state-of-the-art results.
High rates of serum selenium deficiency among HIV- and HCV-infected and uninfected drug users in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Sheehan Heidi B , Benetucci Jorge , Muzzio Estela , Redini Liliana , Naveira Jorge , Segura Marcela , Weissenbacher Mercedes , Tang Alice M 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of low serum Se and determine whether HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or the types of drugs used are associated with serum Se in a cohort of infected and uninfected drug users.DesignIndependent correlates of low serum Se levels based on data collected from food recalls, physical examinations and clinical questionnaires were identified using multivariate regression analysis.SettingBuenos Aires, ArgentinaSubjectsA total of 205 (twenty-five female and 180 male) former and current drug users.ResultsDrug users had an average serum Se level of 69·8 (sd32·8) μg/dl, and 82 % were considered deficient (<85 μg/dl). Multivariate analyses found that HIV- and/or HCV-infected individuals had lower mean Se compared with healthy, uninfected drug users (HIV/HCV co-infection: −25·3 μg/l (se7·6),P= 0·001; HIV alone: −28·9 μg/l (se6·9),P< 0·001; HCV alone: −19·4 μg/l (se7·1),P= 0·006). Current and previous drug use was associated with higher serum Se. Cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption were not found to be associated with Se status.ConclusionsLow serum Se levels are highly prevalent among drug users in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se supplementation and/or dietary interventions may be warranted in drug users who are at high risk for HIV and/or HCV infection.
Socio-economic differences in takeaway food consumption among adults
Authors: Miura Kyoko , Giskes Katrina , Turrell Gavin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine socio-economic differences in the frequency and types of takeaway foods consumed.DesignA cross-sectional postal survey.SettingParticipants were asked about their usual consumption of overall takeaway food (<4 times/month or ≥4 times/month) and of twenty-two specific takeaway food items (<1 time/month or ≥1 time/month); these latter foods were grouped into ‘healthy’ and ‘less healthy’ choices. Socio-economic position was measured on the basis of educational level and equivalised household income, and differences in takeaway food consumption were assessed by calculating prevalence ratios using log binomial regression.SubjectsAdults aged 25–64 years from Brisbane, Australia, were randomly selected from the electoral roll (n903; 63·7 % response rate).ResultsCompared with their more educated counterparts, the least educated were more regular consumers of overall takeaway food and fruit or vegetable juice and less regular consumers of sushi. For the ‘less healthy’ items, the least educated more regularly consumed potato chips, savoury pies, fried chicken and non-diet soft drinks; however, the least educated were less likely to consume curry. Household income was not associated with overall takeaway consumption. The lowest-income group was a more regular consumer of fruit or vegetable juice compared with the highest-income group. Among the ‘less healthy’ items, the lowest-income group was a more regular consumer of fried fish, ice cream and milk shakes, whereas curry was consumed less regularly.ConclusionsThe frequency and types of takeaway foods consumed by socio-economically disadvantaged groups may contribute to inequalities in overweight or obesity and to chronic disease.
The Significant Role of Centrosomes in Stem Cell Division and Differentiation
Authors: Schatten Heide , Sun Qing-Yuan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe role of centrosomes in stem cell division has recently been highlighted and further ascribes important functions to centrosomes in stem cell maintenance, cellular differentiation, and development. Advanced cell and molecular studies coupled with immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, and live cell imaging of specific centrosome proteins have contributed greatly to our knowledge of centrosome composition, structure, and dynamics and have uncovered new insights into mechanisms of centrosome functions in asymmetric cell division. The establishment of asymmetry and differential positioning of mother and daughter centrosomes during stem cell mitosis is important for allowing one cell to maintain stem cell characteristics while the sibling cell undergoes differentiation. Another key role for centrosomes has been revealed in primary cilia of embryonic stem cells that play significant roles in cellular signaling and are therefore critically important for stem cell decisions. Studies of signaling through primary cilia may contribute important information that may aid in the production of specific cells that are suitable for tissue repair and regeneration in the field of regenerative medicine.
The universal "shape" of human languages: spectral analysis beyond speech
Authors: Moscoso del Prado Fermin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA common recommendation for linguists is that, when analyzing language, they should take a "man-from-mars", know-nothing, perspective to describe the structures that they observe, if possible limiting themselves to the mechanical application of a set of well-defined techniques and criteria. Unfortunately, the complex nature of linguistic structures makes it difficult to adopt such a detached perspective. A language, as represented by a corpus of text, can be described macroscopically by the symbolic periodogram of the corpus, analogous to the spectrograms commonly used for describing speech. Here, I show that the periodogram exhibits a universal "shape" from human languages, and this shape originates in known properties of the human mind. Despite the universality of the overall pattern, subtle differences also reveal particularities of individual languages. These differences demonstrate the long-held --but unproven-- hypothesis that human languages balance the amount of structure contained in different levels of description so that the total amount of linguistic structure remains fairly constant across languages. The universal pattern found in the periodograms illustrates how the biological properties of the mind constrain the structure of human languages.
Intradermal capsaicin as a neuropathic pain model in patients with unilateral sciatica
Authors: Aykanat Verna , Gentgall Melanie , Briggs Nancy , Williams Desmond , Yap Sharon , Rolan Paul 
Published: July 2011

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• The intradermal capsaicin model of neuropathic pain has been previously developed and used in healthy volunteers.• Few previous studies have used this model in pain patients.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• We have compared the response to intradermal capsaicin in the painful and nonpainful legs of patients with unilateral sciatica and compared these with healthy, pain‐free control subjects. Pain and hyperalgesia responses were enhanced in both legs of patients with unilateral sciatica compared with healthy controls. The time course of hyperalgesia was different in sciatica patients, demonstrating a slower and larger evolution.• Qualitative and quantitative differences between pain patients and healthy controls suggest that the use of a neuropathic pain model such as intradermal capsaicin to screen for novel antineuropathic agents might be superior in patients with pre‐existing neuropathic pain syndromes.AIMThis study compared the responses between patients with unilateral sciatica and pain‐free volunteers following administration of intradermal capsaicin.METHODS Fourteen patients with unilateral sciatica and 12 pain‐free volunteers received one injection per hour over 4 h of 1 µg and 10 µg capsaicin, into each calf. For each dose, spontaneous pain (10 cm VAS), area of flare (cm2) and the sum of allodynia and hyperalgesia radii across eight axes (cm) were recorded pre‐injection and at 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min post injection.RESULTSSciatica subjects experienced higher spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia responses in both legs compared with pain‐free volunteers. The largest mean difference in spontaneous pain was 2.8 cm (95% CI 1.6, 3.9) at 5 min in the unaffected leg following 10 µg. The largest mean difference in hyperalgesia was 19.7 cm (95% CI 12.4, 27.0) at 60 min in the unaffected leg following 10 µg. Allodynia was greater in patients than in controls with the largest mean difference of 2.9 cm (95% CI 1, 4.8) at 5 min following 10 µg in the affected leg. Allodynia was also higher in the affected leg compared with the unaffected leg in sciatica patients with the highest mean difference of 3.0 cm (95% CI 1.2, 4.7) at 5 min following 10 µg.CONCLUSIONSThe responses to intradermal capsaicin are quantitatively and qualitatively different in unilateral sciatica patients compared with pain‐free controls.
Investigation of the microbial changes during koji‐making process of Douchi by culture‐dependent techniques and PCR‐DGGE
Authors: Chen Tingtao , Wang Mengjuan , Jiang Shuying , Xiong Shunqiang , Zhu Daochen , Wei Hua 
Published: July 2011

SummaryDouchi as a traditional fermentation soyfood with an acquired taste had been appreciated by consumers for thousands of years in China and few Asian countries. Unfortunately, few studies had been conducted on the changes of microbial community during the koji‐making process, and whether the pathogenic microorganisms involving the fermentation process is still unclear. Therefore, the PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) targeting the 16S and 18S rRNA genes was applied to characterise the dynamic changes of Bacteria, Bacilli and Fungi during koji‐making process. The results of DGGE showed that eleven species of bacteria, nine species of bacilli and seven species of Fungi had been detected during the koji‐making progress, of which the Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae belonged to the dominant microorganisms. Also, eleven strains were isolated from Koji‐making samples and were identified as B. subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, A. oryzae, Brachybacterium sp., Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus gallinarum, Absidia corymbifera, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Malassezia sp.; Our results revealed that pathogenic microorganisms were involved in the koji‐making process, but the probiotic microorganisms occupied the dominant position of community in the koji‐making process.
Analysis of volatile compounds produced by different species of lactobacilli in rye sourdough using multiple headspace extraction
Authors: Kaseleht Kristel , Paalme Toomas , Mihhalevski Anna , Sarand Inga 
Published: July 2011

SummaryProfiles of volatile organic compound (VOC) produced by nine individual lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during rye sourdough fermentation were compared by automated SPME and GC/MS‐Tof. The dough samples were inoculated with individual strains, placed inside the headspace vials and incubated during next 24 h. The production or loss of VOC‐s was followed by adsorbing volatiles onto 85‐m Car/PDMS fibre in every 4 h. Volatile profiles differed among LAB species and divided LAB into two main groups – hetero‐ and homofermentative. Hetrofermentative LAB (Lactobacillus brevis; Leuconostoc citreum; Lactobacillus vaginalis, Lactobacillus panis) showed high production of acetic acid, CO2, ethanol, ethylacetate, producing also hexyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and isopentyl acetate. Whereas homofermentative LAB species (Lactobacillus helveticus; Lactobacillus casei; Lactobacillus sakei; Lactobacillus curvatus) produced a considerable amount of 2,3‐butanedione. Production of l‐leucine methyl ester was unique for Lb. sakei, Lb. casei and Lb. curvatus strains. Lb. helveticus was the only LAB that produced benzaldehyde.
Correlation between instrumental and sensory ratings by evaluation of some texture reference scales
Authors: Garcia Loredo Analia B. , Guerrero Sandra N. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate instrumental–sensory relationships of some texture scales using argentine foods as references. Textural characteristics of these foods were instrumentally investigated by the texture profile analysis technique. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to describe the main attributes of the food samples. High Pearson’s correlation coefficients were found between hardness and fracturability (r = 0.94; P < 0.0001), hardness and gumminess (r = 0.71; P < 0.0001) and springiness and cohesiveness (r = 0.85; P < 0.0001). PCA identified two significant principal components, which accounted for 81.2% of the variance in the instrumental data. Additionally, a trained panel described the texture characteristics of the food samples according to the standard reference scales. The correlation curves showed nonlinear relationships (R2 between 85.6% and 99.9%) which were used to predict sensory attributes of other food samples. Some texture attributes like hardness and fracturability were accurately predicted by mechanical properties, while others like cohesiveness and adhesiveness were less representative.
Determination of anthocyanin content in C.V Monastrell grapes during ripening period using several procedures
Authors: Gil‐Muñoz Rocío , Moreno‐Pérez Ana , Vila‐López Rosario , Fernández‐Fernández José I. , Martínez‐Cutillas Adrián 
Published: July 2011

SummaryThe accumulation of anthocyanins in grape skin and their evolution during ripening were evaluated in Monastrell grapes grown at four different sites growing season. Of the different techniques used for this purpose, we used one chromatographic [high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)] and three spectrophotometric (Saint‐Cricq, Fragoso‐García and Lamadon) methods. The grapes from two of the sites (Agüeros and Rubializas) presented much higher values of anthocyanin (1279 and 1207 mg kg−1 respectively) compounds than the grapes from the other two sites. Of the different methods used, HPLC proved to be an invaluable tool for identifying and quantifying individual anthocyanins in a sample, while the Fragoso‐García technique was the best of the spectrophotometric methods for laboratories that do not have access to HPLC equipment. Application of principal component determination (PCA) to our experimental data resulted satisfactory classification of wines in terms of their geographical origin. High correlation coefficients were observed among the different spectrophotometric techniques (0.88 between Fragoso‐García and Saint Cricq; and 0.92 between Lamadon and Saint Cricq) and lower coefficients between HPLC and the spectrophotometric techniques.
Reliability of panoramic radiographs for identifying supernumerary teeth in children
Authors: ANTHONAPPA ROBERT P. , KING NIGEL M. , RABIE A. BAKR M. , MALLINENI SREEKANTH K. 
Published: July 2011

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2011; 22: 37–43Objectives.  To evaluate the reliability of panoramic radiographs (PRs) for identifying supernumerary teeth (ST) and to determine whether the level of dental training of the observer influenced the identification of ST.Methods.  Seventy‐five PRs were randomly selected from the patient records and 18 examiners independently rated 25 radiographs each, for specific risk factors as well as for a measure of adequacy. Subsequently, the results were paired with those of the other examiners who assessed the same set of PRs. Descriptive statistics were computed using Fisher’s exact test, and kappa statistics were used to assess the inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability.Results.  Four hundred and fifty PRs were available for analysis. The overall sensitivity and specificity figures were 50% and 98.3%, whereas the positive and negative predictive values were 90.6% and 83.6%, respectively. The sensitivity figures for Junior House Dental Officers and Postgraduate Paediatric Dental Trainees were 39.2% and 60.8%, whereas the specificity figures were 99.4% and 95% with slight inter‐examiner and moderate intra‐examiner reliability.Conclusions.  Panoramic radiographs are unreliable for identifying ST, and higher level of dental training is essential for identifying ST.
Impact of nurse agreeableness and negative mood of nursing supervisors on intention to help colleagues
Authors: Chang Hao‐Yuan , Teng Ching‐I. , Chu Tsung‐Lan , Chang Hsin‐Ting , Hsu Wen‐Hsin 
Published: July 2011

chang h.‐y., teng c.‐i., chu t.‐l., chang h.‐t. & hsu w.‐h. (2012) Impact of nurse agreeableness and negative mood of nursing supervisors on intention to help colleagues.Journal of Advanced Nursing68(3), 636–646.AbstractAims. This paper is a report of a correlational study of the relations of nurse agreeableness and negative supervisor mood to nurses’ intentions to help their colleagues.Background. Nursing collaboration is important to high quality care. Previous studies have identified agreeableness and negative mood of supervisors as influential factors in the workplace. In nursing, however, exactly how these factors and their interactions influence nurses’ intention to help their colleagues remains unknown.Methods. A cross‐sectional design and questionnaires were used to collect data in December 2007. Each sample set comprised of one supervisor and three nurses. A total of 53 sets of questionnaires were distributed, and 46 complete sets of responses were received, yielding a response ratio of 86·8%.Results. The analytical results indicate that nurse agreeableness is positively related to nurses’ intentions to help colleagues (path coefficient = 0·54,P < 0·01). However, negative supervisor mood is negatively related to nurses’ intentions to help colleagues (path coefficient = −0·13,P < 0·05). Moreover, the analytical results indicated that for highly agreeable nurses, the relationship between negative supervisor mood and nurses’ intentions to help colleagues is significantly stronger than for less agreeable nurses. This demonstrates that nurse agreeableness amplifies the negative impact of negative supervisor mood on nurses’ intentions to help colleagues.Conclusion. The study findings suggest the pivotal importance of managing negative supervisor mood to increase nurses’ intentions to help colleagues.
Cheating behaviours, the Internet and Education undergraduate students
Authors: Trushell J. , Byrne K. , Simpson R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper describes an illuminative small‐scale study that piloted an initial survey instrument intended to investigate correspondences between 47 undergraduate Education final year students' use of information and communications technology (ICT), including the Internet, and – within the context of their adoption of tactics intended to impress lecturers or to exploit the hidden curriculum – students' engagement in cheating behaviours such as plagiarism. The study disclosed that 0.23 of the sample had reported single instances of cheating behaviours and that 0.21 of the sample had reported multiple instances of cheating behaviours. Analysis of data discerned correspondences between these cheating behaviours and personal factors. However, indicators of ICT capability and the Internet did not correlate significantly with cheating behaviours. Those students who had reported multiple instances of cheating behaviours were found to rate their ICT capabilities higher than their peers but had a tendency to report less frequent use of the Internet for coursework. Inferences are tentatively drawn for further research and for academic practices.
Exploring formative feedback on textual assignments with the help of automatically created visual representations
Authors: Berlanga A.J. , van Rosmalen P. , Boshuizen H.P.A. , Sloep P.B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLearners, particularly lifelong learners, often find it difficult to determine the scope of their expertise. Formative feedback could help them do so. To use this feedback productively, it is essential to then suggest to them the remedial actions they need to overcome the gaps in their knowledge. This paper presents the design considerations of a support tool that aims at providing formative feedback on textual assignments. It does so by facilitating comparisons between learner's input texts and group input texts with respect to the intended learning outcomes. Using language technologies, the tool automatically extracts the concepts and relations of input texts; it then creates visual representations that can be put side by side to identify conceptual overlaps and missing concepts. The paper first introduces the theoretical underpinnings of the tool – specifically those concerning expertise development, knowledge creation and assessment of knowledge. It then draws up design considerations and clarifies how the tool should work. Next, it discusses the results of an initial study in which word clouds and concept maps have been applied to generate graphical visual representations. These help learners identify overlapping and missing core concepts, both in individual texts and in a compiled group text. Finally, the paper provides conclusions and directions for future work.
Integrating computer‐supported collaborative learning into the classroom: the anatomy of a failure
Authors: Baker M. , Bernard F.‐X. , Dumez‐Féroc I. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present an analysis of a longitudinal case study whose aim was to understand the processes of integration of a face‐to‐face and networked collaborative learning technology and pedagogy into a secondary school history‐geography classroom. Students carried out a sequence of argumentative tasks relating to sustainable development, including argument generation, sharing and elaboration, debate using a computer‐mediated communication, and organization of arguments in a shared diagram. Students' interactions and diagrams were analysed in terms of degree and quality of argumentativity, as well as catachresis (‘getting round’ the software to perform a non‐prescribed task). Results run counter to positive systems of ideas and values concerning collaborative learning and its technological mediation in that the scenario did not meet its pedagogical aims, having to be abandoned before its planned end. We discuss possible explanations for this ‘failure story’ in terms of the articulation between everyday, technology‐related and educational discourse genres, with their associated social milieux, as well as the social structure of the classroom. The relevance of these aspects for future attempts to integrate such technologies is discussed. In conclusion, we discuss a vision of learning that takes into account students who do not accept to play the educational game.