bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
K-Ras Promotes Angiogenesis Mediated by Immortalized Human Pancreatic Epithelial Cells through Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways
Authors: Matsuo Yoichi , Campbell Paul M. , Brekken Rolf A. , Sung Bokyung , Ouellette Michel M. , Fleming Jason B. , Aggarwal Bharat B. , Der Channing J. , Guha Sushovan 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Activating point mutations in the K-Ras oncogene are among the most common genetic alterations in pancreatic cancer, occurring early in the progression of the disease. However, the function of mutant K-Ras activity in tumor angiogenesis remains poorly understood. Using human pancreatic duct epithelial (HPDE) and K-Ras4BG12V–transformed HPDE (HPDE-KRas) cells, we show that activated K-Ras significantly enhanced the production of angiogenic factors including CXC chemokines and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Western blot analysis revealed that K-Ras activation promoted the phosphorylation of Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 (MEK1/2) and expression of c-Jun. MEK1/2 inhibitors, U0126 and PD98059, significantly inhibited the secretion of both CXC chemokines and VEGF, whereas the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 abrogated only CXC chemokine production. To further elucidate the biological functions of oncogenic K-Ras in promoting angiogenesis, we did in vitro invasion and tube formation assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC cocultured with HPDE-KRas showed significantly enhanced invasiveness and tube formation as compared with either control (without coculture) or coculture with HPDE. Moreover, SB225002 (a CXCR2 inhibitor) and 2C3 (an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody) either alone or in a cooperative manner significantly reduced the degree of both Ras-dependent HUVEC invasiveness and tube formation. Similar results were obtained using another pair of immortalized human pancreatic duct–derived cells, E6/E7/st and its oncogenic K-Ras variant, E6/E7/Ras/st. Taken together, our results suggest that angiogenesis is initiated by paracrine epithelial secretion of CXC chemokines and VEGF downstream of activated oncogenic K-Ras, and that this vascular maturation is in part dependent on MEK1/2 and c-Jun signaling. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(6):799–808)
Farming Animals and the Capabilities Approach: Understanding Roles and Responsibilities through Narrative Ethics
Authors: Anthony Raymond 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the Proceedings that emerged from the Second International Workshop on the Assessment of Animal Welfare at Farm and Group Level, Sandoe, Christiansen, & Appleby (2003) challenged participants to ponder four fundamental questions:a. What is the baseline standard for morally acceptable animal welfare?b. What is a good animal life?c. What farming purposes are legitimate?d. What kinds of compromises are acceptable in a less-than-perfect world?Continued reflection on those questions warrants examination of the shape of our modern agricultural ethic. It also calls for a reexamination of recent work by Nussbaum (2004) on extending the capabilities approach to animals and the interface of Nussbaum's work with Rollin's scholarship on telos (1995a). The resources of narrative ethics are summoned to navigate the above-mentioned questions and to explore how Nussbaum's approach and Rollin's notion of animals' natures relate to the main storyline associated with developments in agriculture.
Philosophy and Animal Studies: Calarco, Castricano, and Diamond
Authors: Aaltola Elisa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractRecently, animal studies has started to gain popularity. This interdisciplinary field investigates the human-animal relationship from different perspectives, including philosophy, cultural studies, and biology. In 2008, at least three books explored themes related to animal studies: Matthew Calarco, Zoographies: The Question of the Animal; Jodey Castricano (Ed.), Animal Subjects: An Ethics Reader in a Posthuman World; and Cora Diamond, Cary Wolfe, et al. (Eds.) Philosophy and Animal Life. Each volume approaches animal studies from a different viewpoint (Continental philosophy, interdisciplinary, and Wittgensteinian), but they also share many themes. This review paper discusses the differences and similarities between the volumes and highlights the directions in which animal studies is developing. It is argued that an emphasis on "direct" perception or experience of animality and heterogeneity, and an exploration of otherness, are elements that all these books share, and that are relevant to animal studies.
Sociology and Beyond: Agency, Victimisation and the Ethics of Writing
Authors: Dahl Gudrun 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDuring the last decades, development discourse has taken a neo-liberal turn. Parallel to this, the discourse of social science has become more oriented to matters of individual agency. Within the sociological and anthropological literature on development, this emphasis on individual agency is often expressed in terms of an explicit statement taken by the author that s/he wishes to correct an earlier (ethically inferior) emphasis on structure that is assumed to imply that the concerned people are passive victims. Problematising this ethics of scientific writing, this paper will look at various discourses in which the concept of victimhood is used, seeing claims and disclaimers of victimhood as themselves being expressions of agency in a contestation over accountability, responsibility, recognition and possible indemnification or blame.
Sociology, Contingency and Utopia
Authors: Jain Anil 
Published: June 2009

AbstractOn the level of phenomena the observers of society have noticed an increase of polymorphism, of indeterminacy. This contingent society points us — theoretically and through our experience — to possibility and its (outer) limits. Contingency always means limitation, since possibility emerges only from its background and borderline: the impossible is the frame. And the task. The horizon shall be — Utopia: the sphere of imagination which belongs to the impossible but creates possibility. Since there is a greater truth than the truth of the factual and that is the reality of possibility. We are obliged to this reality: conflicting with the dictatorship of the factual.
The Production and Transmission of Knowledge in Colonial Malaya
Authors: Pannu Paula 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis article aims to highlight how knowledge played an integral role in the cultural reconstruction of the Malay world during the colonial period. The British produced knowledge about the Malays through scholarly writings in history books and the creation of the census report. This knowledge was, for the most part, constructed and did not necessarily correspond to the social reality of the Malays. The education system played a vital role in transmitting this knowledge to the masses, thus beginning a process of internalisation on their part. This led to a rapid disintegration of Malay cultural practices and way of life as they comprehended alien Western concepts, such as history, territory and community. The nationalist movement in present day Malaysia with its emphasis on race and boundaries attests to the degree to which the British has succeeded in transforming the identity of the Malays. The core of this paper is aimed at demonstrating the connection between British administrative procedures and its impact in reconstructing the thought patterns of the people. This permanent invasion upon the minds of the Malays can be said to the most lasting legacy of British colonial rule.
The Sungei Buloh Leper Settlement: Illness and the Technology of Acquiescence
Authors: Chai Choon-Lee 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Sungei Buloh Leper Settlement in British Malaya was established in 1930. It served the purposes of housing, controlling, and curing of leprosy patients. In this paper, Foucault's thesis of disciplinary power is employed to examine the settlement's techniques of leper control and to analyse the modus operandi of the leper settlement. The analysis of this paper points to a shift of emphasis in the mid-1920s in the administration of leper settlements in Malaya, from one that exercised predominantly coercive power of control of lepers to one that used primarily persuasive means. The central argument of the paper is that the changing technique of control of lepers was mainly due to the recognition of the leper settlement as being an establishment with an ambiguous identity, hovering between a total and health institution. While resembling a total institution, the leper settlement nevertheless was not a prison, and leprosy patients, like patients in hospitals, needed to be treated as ordinary citizens both on humanitarian and legal grounds. However, the need for mandatory segregation of lepers meant some degree of compulsion was necessary. The challenge to British colonial administrators was how to maintain hegemony over the lepers with minimum use of physical force and the least violation of lepers' civil rights. The investigation of the paper points to the application of a persuasive technique of social control that encouraged the voluntary enrolment and participation of lepers in the leper settlement. To promote the voluntary admission and stay of lepers, the settlement was organised in such a way that it provided a 'natural and fair atmosphere' that was akin to the external social environment. Inmates, as a result, felt comfortably at home in the settlement.
Intersecting Discourses on Tropicality and Disease Causation: Representations of Réunion's Mosquito-borne Epidemics in the Scientific Literature
Authors: Ravi Srilata , Weinstein Philip 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this paper we examine whether discourses of tropicality were affected by paradigm shifts in Western thinking about medicine. If tropicalist thinking reflects latent Western assumptions about the 'Other', tropicalism should persist through major shifts in Western thought. Here we explore whether or not such persistence is evident in representations in the scientific literature of mosquito-borne diseases on the Indian Ocean island of Réunion and where discrete epidemics occurred before, during and after a paradigm shift in Western thinking about disease causation. Late in the 19th Century, miasma theory (epidemics caused by unhealthy air) was replaced by microbial theory (epidemics caused by transmission of microbes) as the dominant scientific understanding of disease causation. We analyse representations of mosquito-borne epidemics in the contemporaneous scientific literature about Réunion for evidence of both tropicalism and a shift in the scientific paradigm. In pre-microbial representations, the unhealthy tropical environments thought to be responsible for miasmatic disease transmission are associated predominantly with the non-white population; in microbial representations non-whites are directly blamed for the spread of tropical infections. The paper argues that the persistence of tropicalist thinking through a major paradigm shift in the Western understanding of disease causation supports Said's (1979) contention that 'Othering' is a generalisable ahistorical phenomenon, and discusses issues of economic exigency that may have supported an ongoing tropicalist influence on public health practice in French overseas departments.
Thèmes bédouins dans la poésie descriptive andalouse classique : transformation et adaptation
Authors: Foulon Brigitte 
Published: June 2009

AbstractLa présence récurrente de la thématique bédouine dans la poésie andalouse est généralement attribuée à l'importation de motifs orientaux. En effet, comment expliquer autrement que les Andalous, sans aucune expérience du désert, aient, dans leur production, multiplié les allusions aux espaces désolés et arides, et accordé une place de premier choix à la flore et au bestiaire arabiques? Si le caractère exogène de ces thèmes et motifs ne fait guère de doute, cela ne signifie pas pour autant que les auteurs andalous aient intégré ceux-ci en l'état dans leurs compositions. Nous tenterons de déterminer, dans cette étude, comment ils ont procédé pour se les approprier et les faire fonctionner dans leur réseau de représentations. Vu l'ampleur de la question, nous nous bornerons ici à explorer cette problématique dans deux contextes particuliers:– celui, d'abord, des poèmes évoquant la Fitna berbère, et en particulier la destruction de Cordoue, qui réactualisent le thème des vestiges des campements (atlāl). Nous nous focaliserons sur les textes d'Ibn Šuhayd (382/992-426/1035) et d'Ibn Hazm (384/994-456/1064), les deux auteurs phares de cette période.– celui, ensuite, des vers dédiés au thème du voyage nocturne (surā) au Ve/XIe siècle, en nous appuyant sur le corpus poétique d'Ibn Hafağa (450/1058-533/1139).
La géographie andalouse : l'autre versant d'une même écriture
Authors: du Mesnil Emmanuelle Tixier 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSi dans l'Antiquité la géographie est grecque, au Moyen Âge, elle est arabe. Dans la Bagdad abbasside des IXe et Xe siècles, de vastes traités de géographie universelle livrèrent une imago mundi qui permet tout à la fois de faire l'histoire de cette discipline et de comprendre la façon dont les hommes de l'époque médiévale concevaient le monde. À partir des environs de l'An Mil cependant, le genre périclita, ne livrant plus, à quelques exceptions près, que des monographies régionales, des journaux de voyages et des encyclopédies généralistes résumant « la science des pays ». La géographie universelle n'avait cependant pas disparu ; le lieu de son écriture s'était translaté en une terre excentrée et bien éloignée du cœur oriental de l'Islam : al-Andalus. Loin de reconnaître le mérite de ce qu'il convient d'appeler une continuation, les historiens n'ont généralement vu dans cette différence chronologique que le signe évident de la reprise et de l'imitation. Or les traités andalous, dont l'écriture s'échelonne entre le Xe et le XIVe siècle, sont bien plus que cela. À la fois fidèles aux canons de la géographie orientale et originaux dans le traitement de certains thèmes, ils réservent un sort particulier à al-Andalus tout en l'arrimant fermement au domaine de l'Islam. La peinture qu'ils brossent de la Péninsule et du reste du monde est bien l'autre versant d'une même écriture. Une écriture dont il convient d'analyser les évolutions et les inflexions sur le temps long.
Ungrateful or Honorable: A Re-examination of the Word Kanūd in Qur'ān 100 (al-'Ādiyāt)
Authors: Younes Munther 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn a previous study, and building on the work of Günter Lüling and Christoph Luxenberg, I argued that the first five verses of Q100 were either misunderstood or deliberately modified by the Qur'an editors from an original text that can be characterized as a pre-Islamic hymn. Instead of the traditional Muslim interpretation of horses charging into battle and striking at the enemy, the "reconstructed" version presents an image of maidens going out in the morning and lighting a flame to benefit others.This paper focuses on the second half of the sūra, vv. 6-11. Starting with a reexamination of the word kanūd in v. 6, which is a hapax legomenon in the Qur'an and which is virtually non-existent in the language in general, I argue for a radically different interpretation of these verses. Evidence is provided from the sūra itself, from other parts of the Qur'an, and from a comparison with a related form in Hebrew, a language which is known to have influenced the Qur'an. Just as the reconstruction of vv. 1-5 results in an image of peace and sharing in place of war and destruction, the reconstruction of vv. 6-12 results in an image of man honoring and glorifying his Lord and loving to do good deeds rather than a selfish and ungrateful creature whose selfishness and ingratitude cannot be hidden from God.One of the problems with the traditional interpretation of Q100 is the lack of thematic unity: vv. 1-5 portray horses charging into battle, while vv. 6-11 condemn man as being an ingrate. My reconstruction of the sūra gives it a high degree of coherence. The first half shows women doing good deeds in worship, while the second confirms that mankind loves to do good deeds in the service of God and that God knows all about such deeds.
Prospective Comparative Study of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Double-Bundle and Single-Bundle Techniques
Authors: Song Eun Kyoo , Oh Luke S. , Gill Thomas J. , Li Guoan , Gadikota Hemanth R. , Seon Jong Keun 
Published: June 2009

Background The intent of double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is to reproduce the normal anterior cruciate ligament anatomy and improve knee joint rotational stability. However, no consensus has been reached on the advantages of this technique over the single-bundle technique. Hypothesis We hypothesized that double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction could provide better intraoperative stability and clinical outcome than single-bundle reconstruction. Type of study: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Forty patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury in one knee were recruited; 20 were allocated to a double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group and 20 to a single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group. Intraoperative stabilities at 30° of knee flexion were compared between the 2 groups using a navigation system. Clinical outcomes including Lysholm knee scores, Tegner activity scores, Lachman and pivot-shift test results, and radiographic stabilities were also compared between the 2 groups after a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Results Intraoperative anterior and rotational stabilities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the double-bundle group were significantly better than those in single-bundle group (P = .020 and P < .001, respectively). Nineteen patients (95%) in each group were available at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical outcomes including Lysholm knee and Tegner activity scores were similar in the 2 groups at 2-year follow-up (P > .05). Furthermore, stability results of the Lachman and pivot-shift tests, and radiologic findings at 2-year follow-up failed to reveal any significant intergroup differences (P > .05). Conclusion Although double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction produces better intraoperative stabilities than single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the 2 modalities were found to be similar in terms of clinical outcomes and postoperative stabilities after a minimum of 2 years of follow-up.
Advanced Message Routing for Scalable Distributed Simulations
Authors: Gottschalk Thomas D. , Amburn Philip , Davis Dan M. 
Published: June 2009

On large Linux clusters, scalability is the ability of the program to utilize additional processors in a way that provides a near-linear increase in computational capacity for each node employed. Without scalability, the cluster may cease to be useful after adding a very small number of nodes. The Joint Forces Command (JFCOM) Experimentation Directorate (J9) has recently been engaged in Joint Urban Operations (JUO) experiments and counter mortar analyses. Both required scalable codes to simulate over 1 million SAF clutter entities, using hundreds of CPUs. The JSAF application suite, utilizing the redesigned RTI-s communications system, provides the ability to run distributed simulations with sites located across the United States, from Norfolk, Virginia, to Maui, Hawaii. Interest-aware routers are essential for scalable communications in the large, distributed environments, and the RTI-s framework, currently in use by JFCOM, provides such routers connected in a basic tree topology. This approach is successful for small to medium sized simulations, but faces a number of constraining limitations precluding very large simulations. To resolve these issues, the work described herein utilizes a new software router infrastructure to accommodate more sophisticated, general topologies, including both the existing tree framework and a new generalization of the fully connected mesh topologies. The latter were first used in the SF Express ModSAF simulations of 100,000 fully interacting vehicles. The new software router objects incorporate an augmented set of the scalable features of the SF Express design, while optionally using low-level RTI-s objects to perform actual site-to-site communications. The limitations of the original MeshRouter formalism have been eliminated, allowing fully dynamic operations. The mesh topology capabilities allow aggregate bandwidth and site-to-site latencies to match actual network performance. The heavy resource load at the root node now can be distributed across routers at the participating sites. Most significantly, realizable point-to-point bandwidths remain stable as the underlying problem size increases, sustaining scalability claims.
Missile System Modeling in a Distributed Virtual Environment
Authors: Tackett Greg , McKelvy Tim , Greenleaf William 
Published: June 2009

In April 2003, The U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command (RDECOM) conducted an experiment called the First Application (1stApp), using a distributed virtual environment across a wide area network. The two objectives of this HLA-based distributed simulation were to establish a modeling and simulation cost/schedule/performance baseline for the development of a target distributed virtual environment for Future Force technical experimentation and to match tactics to physics to produce realistic expectations of the technical performance of networked fires for the U.S. Army Future Combat Systems (FCS). The core set of models and simulations for this event was developed and provided by the networked fires using Non-Line-of-Sight Launch System (NLOS-LS) Science and Technology Objective (STO). In particular, NLOS-LS developed models and virtual simulations of the NLOS-LS missiles and Mission Management Application (MMA), including modeling of the LADAR seeker on the Loitering Attack Missile (LAM) and the man-machine interfaces to display and utilize LADAR imagery in the battlefield context. This paper describes the LADAR models, missile flight models, MMA virtual simulations, LADAR visualization, and networked fires context that was used to represent NLOS LS in the 1stApp event. It also describes the distributed virtual environment and the simulation architecture that was used to represent the networked fires functionality, through the integration of simulations from a variety of organizations within the RDE Command.