bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiatherosclerotic and Renoprotective Effects of Ebselen in the Diabetic Apolipoprotein E/GPx1-Double Knockout Mouse
Authors: Chew Phyllis , Yuen Derek Y.C. , Stefanovic Nada , Pete Josefa , Coughlan Melinda T. , Jandeleit-Dahm Karin A. , Thomas Merlin C. , Rosenfeldt Franklin , Cooper Mark E. , Haan Judy B. de 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of the GPx1-mimetic ebselen on diabetes-associated atherosclerosis and renal injury in a model of increased oxidative stress.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study was performed using diabetic apolipoprotein E/GPx1 (ApoE−/−GPx1−/−)-double knockout (dKO) mice, a model combining hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia with increased oxidative stress. Mice were randomized into two groups, one injected with streptozotocin, the other with vehicle, at 8 weeks of age. Groups were further randomized to receive either ebselen or no treatment for 20 weeks.

RESULTS
Ebselen reduced diabetes-associated atherosclerosis in most aortic regions, with the exception of the aortic sinus, and protected dKO mice from renal structural and functional injury. The protective effects of ebselen were associated with a reduction in oxidative stress (hydroperoxides in plasma, 8-isoprostane in urine, nitrotyrosine in the kidney, and 4-hydroxynonenal in the aorta) as well as a reduction in VEGF, CTGF, VCAM-1, MCP-1, and Nox2 after 10 weeks of diabetes in the dKO aorta. Ebselen also significantly reduced the expression of proteins implicated in fibrosis and inflammation in the kidney as well as reducing related key intracellular signaling pathways.

CONCLUSIONS
Ebselen has an antiatherosclerotic and renoprotective effect in a model of accelerated diabetic complications in the setting of enhanced oxidative stress. Our data suggest that ebselen effectively repletes the lack of GPx1, and indicate that ebselen may be an effective therapeutic for the treatment of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and nephropathy. Furthermore, this study highlights the feasibility of addressing two diabetic complications with one treatment regimen through the unifying approach of targeted antioxidant therapy.
Computing Networks: A General Framework to Contrast Neural and Swarm Cognitions
Authors: Gershenson Carlos 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper presents the Computing Networks (CNs) framework. CNs are used to generalize neural and swarm architectures. Artificial neural networks, ant colony optimization, particle swarm optimization, and realistic biological models are used as examples of instantiations of CNs. The description of these architectures as CNs allows their comparison. Their differences and similarities allow the identification of properties that enable neural and swarm architectures to perform complex computations and exhibit complex cognitive abilities. In this context, the most relevant characteristics of CNs are the existence multiple dynamical and functional scales. The relationship between multiple dynamical and functional scales with adaptation, cognition (of brains and swarms) and computation is discussed.
Enaction as a Conceptual Framework for Developmental Cognitive Robotics
Authors: Vernon David 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper provides an accessible introduction to the cognitive systems paradigm of enaction and shows how it forms a practical framework for robotic systems that can develop cognitive abilities. The principal idea of enaction is that a cognitive system develops it own understanding of the world around it through its interactions with the environment. Thus, enaction entails that the cognitive system operates autonomously and that it generates its own models of how the world works. A discussion of the five key elements of enaction — autonomy, embodiment, emergence, experience, and sense-making — leads to a core set of functional, organizational, and developmental requirements which are then used in the design of a cognitive architecture for the iCub humanoid robot.
Acupressure to reduce labor pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hjelmstedt Anna , Shenoy Sheela T. , Stener‐Victorin Elisabeth , Lekander Mats , Bhat Mamta , Balakumaran Leena , Waldenström Ulla 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjective. To evaluate the effect of acupressure administered during the active phase of labor on nulliparous women's ratings of labor pain. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting. Public hospital in India. Sample. Seventy‐one women randomized to receive acupressure at acupuncture point spleen 6 (SP6) on both legs during contractions over a 30‐minute period (acupressure group), 71 women to receive light touch at SP6 on both legs during the same period of time (touch group) and 70 women to receive standard care (standard care group). Methods. Experience of in‐labor pain was assessed by visual analog scale at baseline before treatment, immediately after treatment, and at 30, 60 and 120 minutes after treatment. Main outcome measure. Labor pain intensity at different time intervals after treatment compared with before treatment. Results. A reduction of in‐labor pain was found in the acupressure group and was most noticeable immediately after treatment (acupressure group vs. standard care group p < 0.001; acupressure group vs. touch group p < 0.001). Conclusion. Acupressure seems to reduce pain during the active phase of labor in nulliparous women giving birth in a context in which social support and epidural analgesia are not available. However, the treatment effect is small which suggests that acupressure may be most effective during the initial phase of labor.
Evaluation of Compound Activity Against Hepatitis C Virus in Replicon Systems
Authors: Yang Guangwei , Huang Mingjun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDescribed in this unit are protocols for evaluation of new chemical entities for activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) using HCV replicon systems. While agents designed to target NS3 protease, NS3 helicase, and NS5B RNA polymerase can be evaluated in biochemical assays, it is important to confirm their inhibitory effect on HCV RNA replication using HCV replicon systems, especially since replication involves many components besides these enzymes. Screening of compound libraries using replicon systems has led to the discovery of replication inhibitors, which act through different viral targets. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 50:13B.1.1‐13B.1.21. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficient Enantioselective Syntheses of Sertraline, 2‐Epicatalponol and Catalponol from Tetralin‐1,4‐dione
Authors: Garcia Alvaro Enriquez , Ouizem Souad , Cheng Xin , Romanens Patrick , Kündig E. Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTetralin‐1,4‐dione, the stable tautomer of dihydroxynaphthalene, was reduced with catecholborane in the presence of 3,3‐diphenyl‐1‐butyltetrahydro‐3H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐c][1,3,2]oxazaborole as catalyst to give enantiomerically highly enriched 4‐hydroxy‐1‐tetralone (99% ee) in an efficient one‐pot procedure. The R‐enantiomer provided a rapid access to sertraline while the S‐enantiomer was converted into 2‐epicatalponol and catalponol. A more selective enantioselective route to the antithermitic catalponol made use of the planar chiral tricarbonylchromium complex of hydroxytetralone. Its precursor chromium(tricarbonyl)[η6‐(1‐4,4a,8a)‐tetralin‐5,8‐dione] was obtained via direct complexation of 1,4‐dihydroxynaphthalene using chromium(tricarbonyl)‐ tris(ammonia) and boron trifluoride etherate as source of the chromium(tricarbonyl) fragment. Enolate prenylation was best carried out in the presence of a tetraamine ligand. Complete inversion of the stereogenic center bearing the prenyl group of the initially obtained tetralone complex was achieved via enolate formation followed by protonation.
Abbildung selbstorganisierter Strukturen: Interpretation von TEM‐ und Kryo‐TEM‐Aufnahmen
Authors: Friedrich Heiner , Frederik Peter M. , de With Gijsbertus , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn der Materialchemie werden in Lösung gezüchtete Nanostrukturen oft mithilfe der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) untersucht. Häufig werden die TEM‐Proben bei der Probenvorbereitung getrocknet und kontrastiert, und bei der Bildaufnahme selbst kommt es zur Wechselwirkung zwischen der Probe und dem Elektronenstrahl. Beide Prozesse rufen zur Vorsicht bei der Interpretation der erhaltenen elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen auf. Alternativ dazu kann durch kryogene Probenpräparation und anschließende Abbildung mit kryogener Niederdosis‐TEM ein beinahe nativer solvatisierter Zustand konserviert werden. In unserem Kurzaufsatz geben wir eine kritische Analyse der Probenvorbereitung und, noch wichtiger, der Datenaufnahme und Interpretation von elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen. Die Übersicht soll auch Leitlinien für die Anwendung von (Kryo‐)TEM als leistungsstarkes und zuverlässiges Hilfsmittel für die Analyse kolloidaler und selbstorganisierter Strukturen mit Abmessungen im Nanometerbereich bieten.
cDNA cloning and induction of tyrosine hydroxylase gene from the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella
Authors: Hwang Se Hui , Cho Saeyoull , Park Yong Chul 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe cloned a full‐length tyrosine hydroxylase cDNA from the integument of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. In the phylogenetic tree, tyrosine hydroxylase (PxTH) clustered with the other lepidopteran THs. Serine residues in the PxTH sequence, namely Ser24, Ser31, Ser35, Ser53, and Ser65, were predicted to be the target sites for phosphorylation based on PROSITE analysis. In particular, Ser35 of PxTH is highly conserved across a broad phylogenetic range of animal taxa including rat and human. Western blot analysis using both PxTH‐Ab1 and PxTH‐Ab2 polyclonal antibodies verified the expression of PxTH in all life cycle stages of P. xylostella, namely the larval, pupal, and adult stages. To examine the possible immune function of PxTH in P. xylostella, PxTH gene expression was investigated by RT‐PCR and western blotting analysis after challenging P. xylostella with bacteria. PxTH expression was elevated 1 h post‐infection and was continued till 12 h of post‐infection relative to control larvae injected with sterile water. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthese von 5H Pyrimido[4,5‐c]2‐Benzazepin‐2,4‐diaminen als rigiden Folatantagonisten
Authors: Troschütz Reinhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Titelverbindungen 7 lassen sich aus den Malononitrilen 4 durch Umsetzung mit Guanidin oder durch Cyclisierung zu den funktionalisierten 2‐Benzazepinen 10 bzw. 11 und nachfolgende Reaktion mit Guanidin herstellen. Als reaktive Cyanketen‐O,N‐acetale werden Verbindungen 10 und 11 von Ammoniak oder Hydrazin zu 14a bzw. 13a aminolysiert. Ein Pyrimidobenzazepin‐4‐amin 18a ist aus 14a mit DMF‐DEA und Ammoniak zugänglich.
Properties and reactions of substituted 1,2‐thiazetidine 1,1‐dioxides: Aldol additions of ketones and aldehydes
Authors: Müller Martin , Otto Hans‐Hartwig 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAldol reactions between N‐silylated or 2,3‐disubstituted β‐sultams and ketones or aldehydes result in the C‐4 aldol derivatives 2 and 6. Desilylation of 2 with TBAF yields the N‐unsubstituted compounds 3. Mixtures of diastereomers obtained from reactions with aldehydes are separated by CC, and their structures are elucidated by spectroscopic data.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 and platelet‐derived growth factor, but not platelet lysate, induce proliferation‐dependent, functional class II major histocompatibility complex antigen in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Bocelli‐Tyndall Chiara , Zajac Paul , Di Maggio Nunzia , Trella Emanuele , Benvenuto Federica , Iezzi Giandomenica , Scherberich Arnaud , Barbero Andrea , Schaeren Stefan , Pistoia Vito , Spagnoli Giulio , Vukcevic Mirko , Martin Ivan , Tyndall Alan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo document the specificity and the mechanism of induction of a novel class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen by mitogenic growth factors in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) expanded in vitro for translational applications.MethodsExpression of class II MHC molecules was measured in human MSCs and differentiated cells expanded in the presence of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2), platelet‐derived growth factor BB (PDGF‐BB), human platelet lysate, or interferon‐γ (IFNγ). The roles of cell proliferation and growth factor–induced signaling pathways were investigated as well as the class II MHC assembly machinery and functional capacity.ResultsFGF‐2 and, to a lesser extent, PDGF‐BB induced in adult human MSCs the expression of HLA–DR (normally induced by inflammatory cytokines), which was able to stimulate CD4+ T cells via superantigen binding. In contrast to IFNγ, FGF induced HLA–DR expression only in human MSCs proliferating under its mitogenic effect and not in mouse MSCs or in differentiated human cells. Although it induced cell proliferation, human platelet lysate did not cause HLA–DR expression in human MSCs. HLA–DR expression occurred following FGF‐specific binding to its receptor(s), mainly FGF receptor 1, without inducing IFNγ or tumor necrosis factor α expression. Both MAPK/ERK‐1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt controlled cell proliferation and HLA–DR expression, but only MAPK/ERK‐1/2 controlled the induction of the class II MHC transcription activator protein CIITA, the major determinant of HLA–DR transcription.ConclusionThe induction of functional HLA–DR in proliferating progenitor MSCs is a property of human MSCs that have been expanded with mitogenic growth factors. This has potential biologic significance in the regulation and/or protection of progenitor cell subpopulations under sustained mitogenic proliferation and needs to be taken into account when expanding MSCs for use in in vivo applications.
Effect of surfactant pluronic F‐68 on CHO cell growth, metabolism, production, and glycosylation of human recombinant IFN‐γ in mild operating conditions
Authors: Clincke Marie‐Françoise , Guedon Emmanuel , Yen Frances T. , Ogier Virginie , Roitel Olivier , Goergen Jean‐Louis 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe control of glycosylation to satisfy regulatory requirements and quality consistency of recombinant proteins produced by different processes has become an important issue. With two N‐glycosylation sites, γ‐interferon (IFN‐γ) can be seen as a prototype of a recombinant therapeutic glycoprotein for this purpose. The effect of the nonionic surfactant Pluronic F‐68 (PF‐68) on cell growth and death was investigated, as well as production and glycosylation of recombinant IFN‐γ produced by a CHO cell line that was maintained in a rich protein‐free medium in the absence or presence of low agitation. Under these conditions, a dose‐dependent effect of PF‐68 (0–0.1%) was shown not only to significantly enhance growth but also to reduce cell lysis. Interestingly, supplementing the culture medium with PF‐68 led to increased IFN‐γ production as a result of both higher cell densities and a higher specific production rate of IFN‐γ. If cells were grown with agitation, lack of PF‐68 in the culture medium decreased the fraction of the fully glycosylated IFN‐γ glycoform (2N) from 80% to 65–70% during the initial period. This effect appeared to be due to a lag phase in cell growth observed during this period. Finally, a global kinetic study of CHO cell metabolism indicated higher efficiency in the utilization of the two major carbon substrates when cultures were supplemented with PF‐68. Therefore, these results highlight the importance of understanding how media surfactant can affect cell growth as well as cell death and the product quality of a recombinant glycoprotein expressed in CHO cell cultures. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2011
Three‐dimensional computed tomography in the cardiac catheterization laboratory
Authors: Krishnaswamy Amar , Tuzcu E. Murat , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: To establish the feasibility of fusion of a 3‐dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) dataset to the routine fluoroscopic image in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Background: Routine fluoroscopic imaging in the cardiac catheterization laboratory often does not provide adequate anatomic detail for structural cardiac interventions. The modern C‐arm is capable of acquiring CT‐like 3D images (Syngo DynaCT), and the overlay of CT‐acquired details on the fluoroscopic image may be useful. The feasibility of this new technology has not yet been reported. Methods: Three patients (presenting with three different clinical indications) were selected, all of whom had previously undergone contrast‐enhanced chest CT. Anatomic details of interest were marked on the preprocedural CT, and the CT was registered to a DynaCT acquired in the catheterization laboratory. The CT:CT registration was then fused to the “real‐time” fluoroscopic image. Results: Fusion of the CT to the fluoroscopic image was successful in these three patients and provided a substantial degree of anatomic guidance for catheter and device manipulation. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the ability to delineate cardiovascular structures of interest on the “real‐time” fluoroscopic image using CT fusion. Future studies should address whether this technology can reduce overall contrast administration and radiation dose. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PCI using a 4‐Fr “child” guide catheter in a “mother” guide catheter: Kyushu KIWAMI® ST registry
Authors: Hiwatashi Atsushi , Iwabuchi Masashi , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Tayama Shinji , Sakamoto Tomohiro , Noda Katsuo , Shibata Yoshisato , Hikichi Yutaka , Node Koichi , Ueno Takafumi , Nobuyoshi Masakiyo 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives: With the development of PCI techniques, the indications for stents have been expanding as well. On the other hand, we often encounter the situations where deploying a stent/stents by the conventional method is technically challenging. We report a novel stent delivery system using a newly developed 4Fr. straight catheter with Mother‐and‐Child method. Methods and results: We collected the data on coronary angioplasty in which we experienced the difficulty to deliver coronary stents and used 4Fr. KIWAMI ST01. The case number amounts to 32 cases over a six‐month period from October 2009 through March 2010;76:919‐–923. The angioplasty was performed for lesions in the RCA in 9 patients (28%), lesions in the LAD in 15 patients (47%), lesions in the LCX in 5 patients (16%), lesions in the saphenous vein grafts in 2 patients (6%), and lesions in the internal thoracic artery (LITA) grafts in 1 patient (3%). And the reasons for the difficult stent delivery by the conventional methods were as follows: severe calcification in 12 patients (37%), intense tortuosity in 7 patients (22%), poor backup support for guide catheter in 8 patients (25%), and trapping of the stent proximal to the target lesion in 5 patients (16%). The dislodgment of stent did not happened in all cases. Conclusions: KIWAMI® ST01 stent delivery system is feasible, safer, and effective in cases where stent delivery is difficult by the conventional method. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wingspan stenting with modified predilation for symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis
Authors: Li Jian , Zhao Zheng‐Wei , Gao Guo‐Dong , Cheng Jian‐Mei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractObjectives:Our purpose was to assess the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of a modified predilation for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis.Background:Wingspan stenting of MCA remains a technical challenge, and rates of residual stenosis and restenosis must be lowered.Methods:A series of 48 patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis greater than 50% and refractory to medical therapy underwent Wingspan stenting with different balloon/artery ratios before (group 1, Boston guidelines predilation) or after (group 2, modified predilation) July of 2008. Technical success, periprocedural complications, recurrent symptoms, and restenosis were assessed retrospectively, and risk factors for restenosis were analyzed using logistic regression.Results:Successful stenting occurred in 48 of 49 (98%) lesions. Primary endpoints within 30 days included one (2.12%) minor stroke and two (4.26%) transient ischemic attacks. Stenoses were reduced from 77.11% ± 10.09% to 27.50% ± 6.91% in group 1 versus from 72.56% ± 10.46% to 8.20% ± 5.41% in group 2. A total of 43 patients were followed up for 12.92 ± 5.08 months, and recurrent stroke or transient ischemic attack occurred in two (4.65%) patients. Vessels were followed with transcranial Doppler (43 vessels), angiography (23 vessels), or computed tomographic angiography (one vessel). The restenosis rate was 8 of 18 (44%) in group 1 and 3 of 25 (12%) in group 2. Restenosis was associated with residual stenosis and diabetes.Conclusions:Wingspan stenting for symptomatic MCA stenosis can be performed with high success and low complication rates, and modified predilation with the Gateway balloon can reduce the rates of residual stenosis and restenosis. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Four‐year clinical follow‐up of the XIENCE V everolimus‐eluting coronary stent system in the treatment of patients with de novo coronary artery lesions: The SPIRIT II trial
Authors: Garg Scot , Serruys Patrick W. , Miquel‐Hebert Karine ,   on behalf of the SPIRIT II Investigators
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis report describes the 4‐year clinical outcomes of the SPIRIT II study, which randomized 300 patients to treatment with the XIENCE V everolimus‐eluting stent (EES), or the TAXUS paclitaxel‐eluting stent. At 4‐year clinical follow‐up, which was available in 256 (85.3%) patients, treatment with EES lead to a trend for lower rates of ischemia‐driven major adverse cardiovascular events, a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization (EES 7.7% vs. paclitaxel‐eluting stent 16.4%, P = 0.056). Treatment with EES also resulted in a trend toward lower rates of cardiac death and numerically lower rates of myocardial infarction, ischemia‐driven target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis. Overall, this study reports numerically fewer clinical events in patients treated with EES at 4‐year follow‐up, which is consistent with results from earlier follow‐up. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localized Deposition of Au Nanoparticles by Direct Electron Transfer through Cellobiose Dehydrogenase
Authors: Malel Esteban , Ludwig Roland , Gorton Lo , Mandler Daniel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a fascinating extracellular fungal enzyme that consists of two domains, one carrying a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and the other a cytochrome‐type heme b group as cofactors. The two domains are interconnected by a linker and electrons can shuttle from the FAD to the heme group by intramolecular electron transfer. Electron transfer between CDH and an electrode can occur by direct electron transfer (DET) and by mediated electron transfer (MET). This characteristic makes CDH an interesting candidate for integration in systems such as biosensors and biofuel cells. Moreover, it makes CDH an alternative for the reduction of metal ions through DET and MET. In this work we have explored the localized deposition of gold on Pd substrates by CDH through DET and MET. For this purpose we exploited the advantage of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) as a patterning tool. We first demonstrated that gold nanoparticles can be formed in homogenous solution. Then we showed that Au nanoparticles can also be locally formed and deposited on surfaces through DET at low pH and by MET at neutral pH using benzoquinone/hydroquinone as mediator.