bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared genetic influences on ADHD symptoms and very low‐frequency EEG activity: a twin study
Authors: Tye Charlotte , Rijsdijk Frühling , Greven Corina U. , Kuntsi Jonna , Asherson Philip , McLoughlin Gráinne 
Published: November 2011

Background:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex aetiology. The identification of candidate intermediate phenotypes that are both heritable and genetically linked to ADHD may facilitate the detection of susceptibility genes and elucidate aetiological pathways. Very low‐frequency (VLF; <0.5 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) activity represents a promising indicator of risk for ADHD, but it currently remains unclear as to whether it is heritable or genetically linked to the disorder.Methods:  Direct‐current (DC)‐EEG was recorded during a cognitive activation condition in 30 monozygotic and dizygotic adolescent twin pairs concordant or discordant for high ADHD symptom scores, and 37 monozygotic and dizygotic matched‐control twin pairs with low ADHD symptom scores. Structural equation modelling was used to quantify the genetic and environmental contributions to the phenotypic covariance between ADHD and VLF activity.Results:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was significantly associated with reduced VLF power during cognitive activation, which suggests reduced synchronization of widespread neuronal activity. Very low‐frequency power demonstrated modest heritability (0.31), and the genetic correlation (−0.80) indicated a substantial degree of overlap in genetic influences on ADHD and VLF activity.Conclusions:  Altered VLF activity is a potential candidate intermediate phenotype of ADHD, which warrants further investigation of underlying neurobiological and genetic mechanisms.
Lower Triassic stromatolites in Luodian County, Guizhou Province, South China: evidence for the protracted devastation of the marine environments
Authors: EZAKI Y. , LIU J. B. , ADACHI N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractStromatolites are one of the oldest and most intriguing organosedimentary deposits. In contrast to stromatolites of the Precambrian to Early Ordovician, Phanerozoic equivalents occurred episodically under specific conditions. A group of previously undescribed stromatolites in composition occur in the Lower Triassic (Olenekian) at the Dajiang section in the Luodian region of Guizhou Province, South China. We described the textures of these stromatolites with the aim of determining the genetic mechanisms and revealing the nature of interactions between micro‐organisms and marine environments. Mesoscopic features show that the stromatolites consist of several sets of stacked slices, and that they are embedded in alternating beds of fine and coarse microsphere packstones that include aggregates of microspheres, forming grapestones and lumps. Microscopically, the stromatolites consist of spar‐ and dolomite‐infilled microspheres (average diameter, 100 μm), micrites, peloids, small‐sized pyrite framboids (average diameter, 5.8 μm) and fenestrae. Micrite‐dominant intercalations accentuate laminated textures at a mesoscopic level and are laterally continuous with micrite‐rich parts in surrounding interstromatolites, indicating the simultaneous, widespread deposition of these layers. The microspheres and associated micrites were the products of in situ microbial activity, probably sulphate‐reducing or anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria, which led to the formation of these unusual stromatolites. Even during a protracted period of harsh marine conditions, the micrite‐rich carpets were deposited intermittently on the stromatolites and their surroundings under severely anoxic/sulphidic conditions. The presence of Early Triassic stromatolites and their subtle but important vertical variations in texture provide a record of temporal changes in marine conditions during geobiologically critical intervals.
Apolipoprotein E influences melatonin biosynthesis by regulating NAT and MAOA expression in C6 cells
Authors: Liu Ya‐Jing , Meng Fan‐Tao , Wang Li‐Li , Zhang Li‐Feng , Cheng Xin‐Ping , Zhou Jiang‐Ning 
Published: November 2011

Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and melatonin are closely associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the relationship between ApoE genotype and melatonin remains unclear. Recently, we reported that cultured rat cortical astrocytes and glioma C6 cells synthesize melatonin. In the current study, we investigated the effect of ApoE genotype on melatonin biosynthesis. C6 cells with stable expression of ApoE isoforms (ApoE 2, 3 and 4) were established. A higher level of melatonin was demonstrated in cultured ApoE4‐C6 cells than that in ApoE3‐C6 cells. In addition, we found that N‐acetyltransferase (NAT) protein level was up‐regulated in ApoE4‐C6 cells compared with ApoE3‐C6 cells. Further study suggested that mRNA expression of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) decreased in ApoE4‐C6 cells. In conclusion, the increased melatonin level in ApoE4‐C6 cells results from up‐regulation of NAT expression, a key enzyme for melatonin synthesis, and down‐regulation of MAOA and MAOB expression, the metabolic enzyme for its precursor serotonin.
EVALUATION OF COOKING, MICROSTRUCTURE, TEXTURE AND SENSORY QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SHRIMP MEAT‐BASED PASTA
Authors: KADAM SHEKHAR U. , PRABHASANKAR P. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTPasta formulation was substituted with shrimp meat (SM), at three different levels of 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) formulation, to develop pasta with enhanced nutritional profile. All samples were evaluated for their physicochemical, cooking, microstructure and sensory attributes. With an increase in the level of SM, there was an increase in protein, fat and ash content. Similarly, cooking loss (6.05–8.25%), shear force (3.52–4.21 N), b‐value (12.36–13.86) and protein digestibility (83.99–87.61%) of pasta have increased with increased addition of SM. Sensory evaluation indicated that pasta with 20% SM have a better overall score. The microstructure of pasta indicated that samples containing 20% SM have shown gelatinized starch granules enveloped by protein matrix of SM, indicating a better structure as compared with 10 and 30% SM pasta. The present study revealed that pasta with 20% SM substitution has a better sensory profile and improved nutritional value.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe present manuscript demonstrated that the use of shrimp meat (SM) would improve the functional and nutritional quality of pasta products. The outcome of the present study will have greater potential for pasta industries to develop healthier pasta products using SM.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. Strain Wigar10, Isolated from a Surface-Sterilized Garlic Bulb
Authors: Klassen Jonathan L. , Adams Sandye M. , Bramhacharya Shanti , Giles Steven S. , Goodwin Lynne A. , Woyke Tanja , Currie Cameron R. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces
sp. strain Wigar10 was isolated from a surface-sterilized garlic bulb (
Allium sativum
var. Purple Stripe). Its genome encodes several novel secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and provides a genetic basis for further investigation of this strain's chemical biology and potential for interaction with its garlic host.
Complete Genome Sequence of Acidaminococcus intestini RYC-MR95, a Gram-Negative Bacterium from the Phylum Firmicutes
Authors: D'Auria Giuseppe , Galán Juan-Carlos , Rodríguez-Alcayna Manuel , Moya Andrés , Baquero Fernando , Latorre Amparo 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Acidaminococcus intestini
belongs to the family
Acidaminococcaceae
, order
Selenomonadales
, class
Negativicutes
, phylum
Firmicutes
.
Negativicutes
show the double-membrane system of Gram-negative bacteria, although their chromosomal backbone is closely related to that of Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum
Firmicutes
. The complete genome of a clinical
A. intestini
strain is here presented.
Genome Sequence of Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461, a Highly Productive Industrial Strain of Gellan Gum
Authors: Gai Zhonghui , Wang Xia , Zhang Xiaoyun , Su Fei , Wang Xiaoyu , Tang Hongzhi , Tai Cui , Tao Fei , Ma Cuiqing , Xu Ping 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

The commercial gelling agent gellan gum is a heteropolysaccharide produced by
Sphingomonas elodea
ATCC 31461. However, the genes involved in the biosynthesis, regulation, and modification of gellan gum have not been fully characterized. Here we describe the draft genome sequence of stain ATCC 31461 and major findings from its annotation.
Good Blood, Bad Blood: Multivocality, Metonymy, and Mediation in Zechariah 9
Authors: Niditch Susan 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A number of scholars have pointed to the ways in which Zechariah 9 convincingly functions as a literary and conceptual whole. Approaching Zechariah 9 as a unity, however, raises important questions concerning a recurring motif in the chapter that has especially deep cultural connotations: blood.Blood is forbidden as food and unclean-rendering in Zech 9:7, blood is intimately involved in the covenantal relationship between Yahweh and Israel in 9:11 and it is part of the Israelites’ post-victory feast in several important Septuagintal traditions in 9:15. A study of the blood motif in Zechariah 9 through the lenses of a variety of anthropological and literary approaches reveals the ways in which blood operates as a symbolically rich, multivalent motif not only in this chapter but in the larger Israelite tradition.
Das synchronistische Exzerpt aus den Annalen der Könige von Israel und Juda
Authors: Levin Christoph 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Das Rahmenwerk der Bücher der Könige beruht auf einem kombinierten Exzerpt aus den Annalen der Könige von Israel und den Annalen der Könige von Juda. Diese Quelle hat das Ziel, die Geschichte Israels und Judas nachträglich als Einheit erscheinen zu lassen. Sehr wahrscheinlich vertritt dieses offizielle Dokument den Anspruch der Könige von Juda auf die Vertretung der Gesamtheit von Juda und Israel im letzten Drittel des 7. Jahrhunderts. Aus diesem Grund, und weil die Verfasser auf das Archiv der Könige Zugriff hatten, muss es noch in der Königszeit entstanden sein. Damit eröffnet sich ein Ausweg aus der Alternative, zwischen einer vorexilischen Entstehung der Königebücher (Kuenen, Cross) und der exilischen Datierung der deuteronomistischen Redaktion (Noth, Smend) entscheiden zu müssen. Auf die Unterscheidung von Quelle und Redaktion angewendet, treffen beide Optionen zu.
The framework of the Books of Kings is based on a combined excerpt from the annals of the kings of Israel and the annals of the kings of Judah. The purpose of this source is to show in retrospect Israel’s and Judah’s history as a unity. Most probably this official document states the claim of the kings of Judah to represent Judah and Israel as a common entity. Because the authors had access to the kings’ archives, this document must have been written in the time of the monarchy, i.e. in the last third of the 7th century. By way of this argument we may escape the dilemma to decide upon a pre-exilic origin of the books of kings (Kuenen, Cross) on the one hand or the exilic dating of the Deuteronomistic redaction (Noth, Smend) on the other. Applied to the distinction between (pre-exilic) source and (exilic) redaction, both options are correct.
Anthropology of Christianity and Missiology: Disciplinary Contexts, Converging Themes, and Future Tasks of Mission Studies
Authors: Jørgensen Jonas Adelin 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The anthropology of Christianity is claimed to be a recent innovation in the discipline of social anthropology and focuses on the study of Christian forms of life. The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to identify the nature of the anthropology of Christianity; second, to focus on converging themes in the anthropology of Christianity and missiology as academic disciplines; and third, to offer an interpretation of what such convergence might imply for the future of missiology.
Regional Variability within Global-Scale Relations between Passive Microwave Signatures and Raining Clouds over the Tropical Oceans
Authors: Seo Eun-Kyoung , Biggerstaff Michael I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractEmpirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of radiance vectors associated with emission and scattering indices for the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) has been performed to examine the regional variability in relations between brightness temperature and rain rate over portions of the tropical oceans known to exhibit regional differences due to different thermodynamic environments and different large-scale forcing. The TMI indices and rain rates used in this study are the products of the Goddard profiling algorithm (GPROF), version 6. The EOF framework reduces the nine-dimensional space of the brightness temperatures and their polarizations to just two dimensions associated with the EOF coefficients. Vertical profiles of reflectivity from the TRMM precipitation radar (PR) are used to show that the statistically obtained EOFs represent bulk physical characteristics of raining clouds. Hence, EOF analysis provides an efficient framework for diagnosing regional differences in cloud structures that affect brightness temperature–rain-rate relations. The EOF framework revealed fundamental differences in the behavior of TMI surface rain-rate retrievals versus retrievals that are based on the PR aboard the TRMM satellite. In EOF space, TMI rain rates were bimodally distributed, with one mode indicating higher rain rates with greater high-density ice and rainwater content in the cloud and the other mode being consistent with moderately heavy warm rain from shallow convection. In contrast, the PR rain-rate distribution showed high rain rates being assigned over a much greater diversity of cloud structures. The manifold of EOF space constructively shows that, of the regions examined here, the tropical northwestern Pacific Ocean region produces the greatest occurrence of particularly strong cumulonimbus clouds.
A tale of two interfaces: How facets affect the library catalog search
Authors: Ramdeen Sarah , Hemminger Bradley M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the summer of 2008 all University of North Carolina libraries switched from a traditional library catalog interface supporting text‐based searching (TextOnly) to a text and facet‐based interface (TextFacet) to improve users' search experiences. This study seeks to understand the differences between these two interfaces and how they affect the search experience of the novice user. In this study, 40 participants were asked to search for resources using both interfaces. Their search times and accuracy were measured across three types of search tasks (known, partially known, and exploratory). After completing the searches, they were asked a series of questions about their experiences. The data were analyzed in order to identify strengths and weaknesses in both search interfaces. Thirty‐six out of 40 participants preferred the TextFacet interface to the TextOnly interface. Using three dependent variables—time, accuracy, and rating—the two interfaces were compared and interactions were tested with the three task types. Search times for the TextFacet were shorter and participants preferred the TextFacet search interface over the TextOnly search interface. Performances across the three task types were different in terms of search time. The partially known and exploratory task types showed similar distributions for rating and accuracy. These distributions were distinctly different from the known task type. The results of this study may assist libraries in developing improved library catalog search interfaces that utilize facets as well as text searching.
Investigation of the impact of Tat export pathway enhancement on E. coli culture, protein production and early stage recovery
Authors: Branston Steven D. , Matos Cristina F.R.O. , Freedman Robert B. , Robinson Colin , Keshavarz‐Moore Eli 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway occurs naturally in E. coli and has the distinct ability to translocate folded proteins across the inner membrane of the cell. It has the potential to export commercially useful proteins that cannot be exported by the ubiquitous Sec pathway. To better understand the bioprocess potential of the Tat pathway, this article addresses the fermentation and downstream processing performances of E. coli strains with a wild‐type Tat system exporting the over‐expressed substrate protein FhuD. These were compared to strains cell‐engineered to over‐express the Tat pathway, since the native export capacity of the Tat pathway is low. This low capacity makes the pathway susceptible to saturation by over‐expressed substrate proteins, and can result in compromised cell integrity. However, there is concern in the literature that over‐expression of membrane proteins, like those of the Tat pathway, can impact negatively upon membrane integrity itself. Under controlled fermentation conditions E. coli cells with a wild‐type Tat pathway showed poor protein accumulation, reaching a periplasmic maximum of only 0.5 mg L−1 of growth medium. Cells over‐expressing the Tat pathway showed a 25% improvement in growth rate, avoided pathway saturation, and showed 40‐fold higher periplasmic accumulation of FhuD. Moreover, this was achieved whilst conserving the integrity of cells for downstream processing: experimentation comparing the robustness of cells to increasing levels of shear showed no detrimental effect from pathway over‐expression. Further experimentation on spheroplasts generated by the lysozyme/osmotic shock method—a scaleable way to release periplasmic protein—showed similar robustness between strains. A scale‐down mimic of continuous disk‐stack centrifugation predicted clarifications in excess of 90% for both intact cells and spheroplasts. Cells over‐expressing the Tat pathway performed comparably to cells with the wild‐type system. Overall, engineering E. coli cells to over‐express the Tat pathway allowed for greater periplasmic yields of FhuD at the fermentation scale without compromising downstream processing performance. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:983–991. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of glutamine‐dependent autophagy increases t‐PA production in CHO Cell fed‐batch processes
Authors: Jardon Mario A. , Sattha Beheroze , Braasch Katrin , Leung Amy O. , Côté Hélène C.F. , Butler Michael , Gorski Sharon M. , Piret James M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the cellular responses caused by metabolic stress is crucial for the design of robust fed‐batch bioprocesses that maximize the expression of recombinant proteins. Chinese hamster ovary cells were investigated in chemically defined, serum‐free cultures yielding 107 cells/mL and up to 500 mg/L recombinant tissue‐plasminogen activator (t‐PA). Upon glutamine depletion increased autophagosome formation and autophagic flux were observed, along with decreased proliferation and high viability. Higher lysosomal levels correlated with decreased productivity. Chemical inhibition of autophagy with 3‐methyl adenine (3‐MA) increased the t‐PA yield by 2.8‐fold. Autophagy‐related MAP1LC3 and LAMP2 mRNA levels increased continuously in all cultures. Analysis of protein quality revealed that 3‐MA treatment did not alter glycan antennarity while increasing fucosylation, galactosylation, and sialylation. Taken together, these findings indicate that inhibition of autophagy can considerably increase the yield of biotechnology fed‐batch processes, without compromising the glycosylation capacity of cells. Monitoring or genetic engineering of autophagy provides novel avenues to improve the performance of cell culture‐based recombinant protein production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:1228–1238. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two Hundred Eight Patients With Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in China: Clinical Feature, Prognosis, and Comparison of Pure and Mixed Forms
Authors: Yan Lirong , Wang Zhimin , Xu Zhimin , Li Yishi , Tao Yongkang , Fan Chaomei 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (AHCM) is a relatively rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), originally described in Japan and later in the West. Limited information is available on this disease in China.Hypothesis:This study was designed to describe clinical features and prognoses of patients with AHCM in China.Methods:A retrospective study of 208 consecutive patients with AHCM examined at FuWai Hospital was performed. Clinical features, mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity were analyzed.Results:The 208 patients with AHCM represented 16.0% of all HCM patients. Among them, 64.4% were pure form and 35.6% were mixed form. Compared with the pure group, the mixed group had a significantly larger left atrial diameter and thicker apical thickness. One hundred ninety‐nine patients had a mean follow‐up of 8.0 ± 3.5 years, cardiovascular mortality was 1.0%, and annual cardiovascular mortality was 0.1%. The 2 cardiovascular deaths were both mixed form. The probability of survival was 97.0 ± 2% at 10 years. Of the patients, 17.8% had 1 or more cardiovascular events. The probability of survival without morbid events at 10 years was 77 ± 4%. Three independent predictors of cardiovascular morbidity were identified: age at diagnosis ≥60 years, left atrial diameter ≥36 mm, and New York Heart Association class ≥III at baseline.Conclusions:The prevalence of AHCM is relatively high, and it has a benign prognosis in China. However, 17.8% of patients may develop cardiovascular events. It is important to distinguish the 2 phenotypes of AHCM; the mixed form is less common but more serious than the pure form. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This work was supported by a grant from the Special Foundation by the Ministry of National Science and Technology. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Can Participatory Modelling Support Social Learning in Marine Fisheries? Reflections from the Invest in Fish South West Project
Authors: Squires Heather , Renn Ortwin 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTSeeking agreement through deliberation and knowledge sharing with the support of analytical models as decision support tools has increasingly been advocated for in science‐intense policy‐making. Until now, there are only few case studies of public participation in natural resource decision‐making in which the interface of scientific modelling and stakeholder deliberation is described or analysed in more detail. The Invest in Fish South West project was designed accordingly. It used bio‐economic modelling to support stakeholder deliberations and consensus building on policy recommendations for European marine fisheries. Based on interviews and our experience as project participants, we examine the model's contribution to social learning. We highlight the importance of clear expectations within participatory assessments – the importance of process features surrounding modelling as well as the broader socio‐political context influencing social learning. Our examination illustrates a tension between a drive for evidence‐based policy‐making and a post‐normal science emphasis on knowledge co‐generation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.