bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary engrailed‐2 (EN2) levels predict tumour volume in men undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer
Authors: Pandha Hardev , Sorensen Karen D. , Orntoft Thorsten F. , Langley Stephen , Hoyer Soren , Borre Michael , Morgan Richard 
Published: May 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?There are a lot of potential prostate cancer biomarkers being evaluated. All aim to improve on the sensitivity and specificity of PSA. EN2 was recently shown by our group to have better sensitivity and specificity than PSA. EN2 is a simple ELISA test and is not dependent on other parameters, even PSA, unlike all the other current biomarkers under evaluation. To date, no marker correlates with the amount of cancer present – the present study shows this positive correlation with EN2 in men undergoing prostatectomy.The potential utility of this work is that by knowing that the level of EN2 corresponds to the amount of cancer present, irrelevant of tumour grade and number of cancer foci, we can define an EN2 level corresponding to small cancers, which can then undergo surveillance. We are conducting a further study that is aimed at determining whether the levels of EN2 in urine can indicate ‘significant’ vs ‘non‐significant cancer’ using the threshold of 0.5 mL cancer (after Epstein's work).OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the relationship between levels of a recently described prostate cancer biomarker engrailed‐2 (EN2) in urine and cancer volume in men who had undergone radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer.
To date, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels have not reliably predicted prostate cancer volume. Reliable volume indicator biomarker(s) may aid management decisions, e.g. active treatment vs active surveillance.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Archived patient samples from the Aarhus Prostate Cancer Project, Denmark, were assessed.
Pre‐treatment mid‐stream urines, without preceding prostatic massage, were collected and stored at –80 °C.
Urinary EN2 levels were measured by a recently published enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
In all, 88 of the whole cohort of 125 men (70%) were positive for EN2 in their urine (>42.5 µg/L); 38/58 (65%) men where cancer volume data was available.
There was no statistical relationship between urinary EN2 levels and serum PSA levels.
PSA levels did not correlate with tumour stage, combined Gleason grade, total prostatic weight or cancer volume.
There was a strong statistical relationship between urinary EN2 and prostate cancer volume by linear regression (P= 0.006).
Higher EN2 levels correlated with tumour stage T1 vs T2 (P= 0.027).
CONCLUSIONS
Pre‐surgical urinary EN2 levels were associated with increasing tumour stage and closely reflected the volume of cancer in RP specimens.
Given the ease of collection (no prostatic massage required) and the simplicity, low cost and robustness of the assay, EN2 may become a useful biomarker in not only identifying which patients have prostate cancer but may also facilitate risk stratification by indicating the burden of tumour volume.
Association of common variations of 8q24 with the risk of prostate cancer in Koreans and a review of the Asian population
Authors: Joung Jae Y. , Park Sohee , Yoon Hyekyoung , Lee Sang J. , Park Weon S. , Seo Ho K. , Chung Jinsoo , Kim Sook‐Young , Hong Seung‐Hyun , Lee Yeon‐Su , Kim Jeongseon , Lee Kang H. 
Published: May 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?The association between subjects with the genetic variation of 8q24 and the risk of development of prostate cancer in Korean men was found. As a result of haplotype analysis, [AGC] and [CTA] carriers showed a significant association with prostate cancer risk. This is clinically meaningful as an initial study on genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer in Korean men and the first report of 8q24 haplotypes in an Asian population.OBJECTIVE
To determine the association between genetic variation of 8q24 with prostate cancer risk in Korean men.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
With a hospital‐based case‐control study design, we enrolled 194 patients with prostate cancer and 169 healthy controls from visitors for cancer screening.
DNA samples were obtained from peripheral blood for the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Three SNPs of 8q24, including rs16901979, rs6983267, and rs1447295, were genotyped on cases and controls.
RESULTS
The subjects with the rs1447295 CA or AA genotype had a higher risk of prostate cancer than the CC genotype.
The A allele at SNP rs1447295 was associated with the incidence of prostate cancer.
The rs16901979 CA genotype carriers had a higher risk of prostate cancer than the CC genotype.
Individuals with the [AGC] and [CTA] haplotypes had a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer compared with the [CTC] haplotype ([AGC] with adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–2.96; P= 0.022; [CTA] with adjusted OR 5.17; 95% CI 2.40–11.15; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The genetic variation of 8q24 is associated with the risk of prostate cancer in Korean men.
Individuals with the [AGC] and [CTA] haplotypes had a significant association with prostate cancer risk.
Fuel shapes the fire–climate relationship: evidence from Mediterranean ecosystems
Authors: Pausas Juli G. , Paula Susana 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAim  To understand how vegetation mediates the interplay between fire and climate. Specifically, we predict that neither the switching of climatic conditions to high flammability nor the sensitivity of fire to such conditions are universal, but rather depend on fuel (vegetation) structure, which in turn changes with productivity.Location  An aridity/productivity gradient on the Iberian Peninsula (Mediterranean Basin).Methods  We defined 13 regions distributed along an aridity gradient, which thus differ in productivity and fuel structure. We then assessed the changes in the temporal fire–climate relationship across regions. Specifically, for each region we estimated three variables: the aridity level for switching to flammable conditions (i.e. climatic conditions conducive to fire), the frequency of these flammable conditions and the area burnt under such conditions. These variables were then related to regional aridity and fuel structure indicators.Results  In mediterranean ecosystems, the aridity level for switching to flammable conditions increased along the aridity gradient. Differences in fire activity between regions were not explained by the frequency of flammable conditions but by the sensitivity of fire to such conditions, which was higher in wetter and more productive regions.Main conclusions  Under mediterranean climatic conditions, fuel structure is more relevant in driving fire activity than the frequency of climatic conditions conducive to fire. At a global scale, fuel also drives the fire–climate relationship because it determines the climatic (aridity) threshold for switching to flammable conditions. Our results emphasize the role of landscape structure in shaping current and future fire–climate relationships at a regional scale, and suggest that future changes in the fire regime (i.e. under global warming) might be different from what it is predicted by climate alone.
From the Cradle to the Grave: Age Differences in Attachment From Early Adulthood to Old Age
Authors: Chopik William J. , Edelstein Robin S. , Fraley R. Chris 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectiveAlthough attachment dynamics are thought to be important across the life span, relatively few studies have examined attachment processes beyond young adulthood. Extant research on age differences in attachment orientation has yielded conflicting results and interpretations. The purpose of this study was to provide a more complete picture of age‐related differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance.MethodWe examined attachment anxiety and avoidance in 86,555 Internet respondents (71.8% female) ranging in age from 18 to 70.ResultsWe found that attachment anxiety was highest among younger adults and lowest among middle‐aged and older adults. Attachment avoidance showed less dramatic age differences overall but was highest among middle‐aged adults and lowest among younger and older adults. In addition, partnered individuals reported lower levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance compared to single individuals, particularly in younger and older adulthood. Women also reported slightly higher anxiety and avoidance compared to men, especially in young adulthood.ConclusionsFindings are discussed in the context of life span changes in social roles, normative personality development, and emotion regulation throughout adulthood.
The importance of population genetic information in formulatingex situconservation strategies for the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritiferaL.) inNorthernIreland
Authors: Wilson C. D. , Beatty G. E. , Bradley C. R. , Clarke H. C. , Preston S. J. , Roberts D. , Provan J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCaptive breeding is the last resort to protect a species that will become extinct because it is incapable of surviving in the wild without human intervention. The freshwater pearl musselMargaritifera margaritiferais a prime candidate for such action: the species has experienced a recent range‐wide decline, particularly inEurope. InNorthernIreland,M. margaritiferais now only found in six rivers and, because of a lack of natural recruitment in the wild, it has been predicted that these populations will become extinct within 80 years. Consequently, anex situbreeding program was established with the aim of using a semi‐natural method to propagate mussels for restocking. In the present study, we analysed the levels and patterns of genetic diversity in the captive‐bred mussels, as well as their parent broodstock and remnant populations from their natal and other rivers inNorthernIreland whereM. margaritiferais still found, to help develop best practice for the captive breeding program. Levels of genetic diversity were high, although there was a strong correlation between genetic diversity and census population sizes, as well as evidence of inbreeding in all populations. Small but significant levels of genetic differentiation were observed between both the captive‐bred juveniles and their parent broodstock, and the samples from their source river, indicating a possible founder effect. In addition, three groups of genetically distinct clusters were observed among the remaining natural populations that could be used as the basis for defining conservation units. These findings allow us to make recommendations for efficient management of the captive breeding program, including rotation of theex situbroodstock on a regular basis to avoid prolonged inbreeding, and the establishment of captive breeding of other populations to reflect genetic differences between putative conservation units inNorthernIreland and elsewhere.
Integrative study on static skull variation in the Japanese weasel (Carnivora: Mustelidae)
Authors: Suzuki S. , Abe M. , Motokawa M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe assessed static skull variation in the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi by integrating different variation indices. We used the coefficient of variation (CV), residuals of the standard deviation regressed onto the mean of each measurement (RSD) and allometry coefficients (ACs). CV showed nonlinear correlation with mean trait size as reported in many previous studies. RSD has a similar pattern of variation to CV and it has been used as an index to obliterate the trait size bias seen in CV. Furthermore, similarly sized traits showed a wide range of CV, with many largely scattered around a nonlinear regression curve. Therefore, variation in CV is not entirely generated by the bias and to some extent reflects real biological phenomena. Allometric analyses revealed that larger specimens tended to have a relatively larger viscerocranium, smaller neurocranium, more robust mandible, larger canines, smaller carnassials, and smaller M1 compared with smaller specimens. These patterns are possibly consistent with general ontogenetic skull shape change in the genus Mustela. Tooth measurements, as well as cranial and mandibular measurements, showed significant correlations with skull size. CV variation is determined mainly by AC and is weakly related to the correlation between trait and skull size.
Upregulation of SATB1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in liver cancer
Authors: Tu Wei , Luo Min , Wang Zhijun , Yan Wei , Xia Yujia , Deng Huan , He Jiayi , Han Ping , Tian Dean 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundSpecial AT‐rich binding protein‐1 (SATB1) reprograms chromatin organization and transcription profiles to promote tumour growth and metastasis.AimsThis study aimed to confirm the effects of SATB1 on the growth and metastasis of liver cancer and its specific regulation mechanism.Methods
SATB1 expression was evaluated in human hepatoma tissue, adjacent noncancerous tissue and seven kinds of liver cancer cell lines. Cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis and eptithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated after enhanced or silenced expression of SATB1. The regulatory action of SATB1 on the expression of genes that are known to regulate cell cycle progression, apoptosis and EMT and the specific apoptotic pathway on which it acts were further analysed. Nude mice that received subcutaneous implantation were used to study the effects of SATB1 on tumour growth in vivo.ResultsOur data show that the high expression of SATB1 was observed in the human hepatocellular carcinoma tissue (26/45) and liver cancer cell lines with high metastatic potential. SATB1 upregulated CDK4 and downregulated p16
INK

4A to promote cell cycle progression and cell proliferation and prevented apoptosis by inhibiting the FADD–caspase‐8–caspase‐3 death receptor‐mediated apoptosis pathway. SATB1 also induced EMT concomitant with increased expression of Snail1, Slug, Twist and vimentin and decreased expression of E‐cadherin, tight junction protein ZO‐1 and desmoplakin. SATB1 promoted the growth of tumour in vivo.ConclusionThese data suggest that the SATB1 gene may play an important role in the development and progression of liver cancer by regulation of genes related to cell cycle progression, apoptosis and EMT.
Executive Function Predicts Adaptive Behavior in Children with Histories of Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Ware Ashley L. , Crocker Nicole , O'Brien Jessica W. , Deweese Benjamin N. , Roesch Scott C. , Coles Claire D. , Kable Julie A. , May Philip A. , Kalberg Wendy O. , Sowell Elizabeth R. , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Riley Edward P. , Mattson Sarah N. ,   the CIFASD
Published: May 2012

BackgroundPrenatal exposure to alcohol often results in disruption to discrete cognitive and behavioral domains, including executive function (EF) and adaptive functioning. In the current study, the relation between these 2 domains was examined in children with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure, nonexposed children with a diagnosis of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically developing controls.MethodsAs part of a multisite study, 3 groups of children (8 to 18 years, M = 12.10) were tested: children with histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure (ALC, n = 142), nonexposed children with ADHD (ADHD, n = 82), and typically developing controls (CON, n = 133) who did not have ADHD or a history of prenatal alcohol exposure. Children completed subtests of the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (D‐KEFS), and their primary caregivers completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales‐II. Data were analyzed using regression analyses.ResultsAnalyses showed that EF measures were predictive of adaptive abilities, and significant interactions between D‐KEFS measures and group were present. For the ADHD group, the relation between adaptive abilities and EF was more general, with 3 of the 4 EF measures showing a significant relation with adaptive score. In contrast, for the ALC group, this relation was specific to the nonverbal EF measures. In the CON group, performance on EF tasks did not predict adaptive scores over the influence of age.ConclusionsThese results support prior research in ADHD, suggesting that EF deficits are predictive of poorer adaptive behavior and extend this finding to include children with heavy prenatal exposure to alcohol. However, the relation between EF and adaptive ability differed by group, suggesting unique patterns of abilities in these children. These results provide enhanced understanding of adaptive deficits in these populations, as well as demonstrate the ecological validity of laboratory measures of EF.
Frailty and Disability in Older Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: Results from the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disability Study
Authors: Evenhuis Heleen M. , Hermans Heidi , Hilgenkamp Thessa I. M. , Bastiaanse Luc P. , Echteld Michael A. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo obtain first insight into prevalence and correlates of frailty in older people with intellectual disability (ID).DesignPopulation‐based cross‐sectional study in persons using formal ID services.SettingThree Dutch care provider services.ParticipantsEight hundred forty‐eight individuals with borderline to profound ID aged 50 and older participating in the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disability (HA‐ID) Study.MeasurementsAll participants underwent an extensive health examination. Frailty was diagnosed according to Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Associations between frailty and participant characteristics were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsPrevalence of frailty was 11% at age 50 to 64 and 18% at age 65 and older. Age, Down syndrome, dementia, motor disability, and severe ID were significantly associated with frailty, but only motor disability had a unique association with frailty. In a regression model with these variables, 25% of the variance of frailty was explained.ConclusionAt age 50 to 64, prevalence of frailty is as high as in the general population aged 65 and older (7–9%), with a further increase after the age of 65. Motor disability only partially explains frailty. Future studies should address health outcomes, causes, and prevention of frailty in this population.
Underuse of Diagnostic Codes for Specific Dementias in the Veterans Affairs New England Healthcare System
Authors: Butler Daniel , Kowall Neil W. , Lawler Elizabeth , Michael Gaziano J. , Driver Jane A. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesTo examine the specificity of dementia coding in large populations.DesignRetrospective cohort and chart review study of dementia diagnosis.SettingU.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) New England healthcare system.ParticipantsVeterans aged 50 and older given outpatient visit codes for dementia between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2009.MeasurementsThe frequency of the code “dementia not otherwise specified (DNOS)” as a first and final diagnosis was determined. DNOS use was examined according to provider type and geographic location. The medical records of 100 individuals with unspecified dementia were reviewed to determine their underlying diagnoses and describe their examination.ResultsTwenty‐two thousand fifty veterans diagnosed with dementia were identified over 10 years of follow‐up. One‐third of all cases had no specific dementia code (n = 6,659). DNOS was the most commonly used code as a first dementia diagnosis (42.5%) and was second only to Alzheimer's type dementia (35.8%) as a final diagnosis. Individuals who saw geriatricians and neurologists were most likely to have a specific dementia diagnosis, and DNOS use was lowest in centers with the most dementia specialists. Only 12% of primary care physicians performed cognitive testing the first time they used the DNOS code, compared with 98% of specialists. Nearly half of individuals with a persistent diagnosis of DNOS met criteria for a specific dementia.ConclusionSubstantial overuse was found of nonspecific dementia codes in the VA New England healthcare system, leading to an underestimation of the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. System‐based changes in dementia coding and greater access to dementia specialists may help improve diagnostic specificity.
Assimilating evidence quality at a glance using graphic display: research synthesis on labor induction
Authors: FOX CAROLINE E. , TIRLAPUR SEEMA A. , GÜLMEZOGLU AHMET METIN , SOUZA JOÃO PAULO , KHAN KHALID S. ,   WITH THE EBM‐CONNECT COLLABORATION
Published: May 2012

Abstract Evidence profiled in the World Health Organization induction of labor guideline extended to 84 tables and 116 pages, which is hard to assimilate. Summarizing this evidence graphically can present information on key outcomes succinctly, illustrating where the gaps, strengths and weaknesses lie. For induction of labor, graphic representation clearly showed that evidence was lacking on maternal complications when comparing oxytocin with other agents, evidence was strong on birth within 24 h when comparing vaginal prostaglandins with placebo or no treatment, but again it was weak on uterine hyperstimulation when comparing oxytocin with vaginal prostaglandins. These graphs/plots allow readers to capture the essence of the information gathered at a glance. The use of graphical displays when interpreting and publishing data on several comparisons and outcomes is encouraged.
Periodontal regeneration employing gingival margin‐derived stem/progenitor cells: an animal study
Authors: Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim M. , Paris Sebastian , Becker Stephan T. , Neuschl Matthias , De Buhr Wiebke , Sälzer Sonja , Wulff Andreas , Elrefai Mahmoud , Darhous Mona S. , El‐Masry Manal , Wiltfang Jörg , Dörfer Christof E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimThis study investigated the periodontal regenerative potential of gingival margin‐derived multipotent postnatal stem/progenitor cells.Material and MethodsPeriodontal defects were induced at six sites in eight miniature pigs in the premolar/molar area (−4 weeks). Autologous cells isolated from the gingival margin were magnetically sorted using STRO‐1 antibodies and characterized flow cytometrically for the expression of CD14, CD31, CD34, CD45, CD117 and STRO‐1 surface markers. Colony formation and multilineage differentiation potential were tested. The cells were expanded and loaded on deproteinized bovine cancellous bone (DBCB) and Collagen scaffolds. Within every miniature pig, six periodontal defects were randomly treated with loaded‐DBCB (test group 1), unloaded‐DBCB (control group 1), loaded‐Collagen scaffolds (test group 2), unloaded‐Collagen scaffolds (control group 1), scaling and root planing (negative control 1) or left untreated (negative control 2). Differences in clinical attachment level (ΔCAL), probing depth (ΔPD), gingival recession (ΔGR) and radiographic defect volume (ΔRDV) between baseline and 12 weeks, as well as histological attachment level (HAL), junctional epithelium length (JE) and connective tissue adhesion (CTA) after 12 weeks were evaluated.ResultsIsolated cells showed stem/progenitor cell characteristics. Cell‐loaded scaffolds showed higher ΔCAL, ΔPD, ΔGR, HAL and lower JE and CTA compared with unloaded scaffolds and negative controls. The sort of scaffold had no significant influence on the measured outcomes.ConclusionGingival margin‐derived stem/progenitor cells show significant periodontal regenerative potential.