bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meperidine versus valethamate bromide in shortening the duration of active labor
Authors: Yilmaz Bulent , Kart Cavit , Kelekci Sefa , Gokturk Umut , Sut Necdet , Tarlan Nurten , Mollamahmutoglu Leyla 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of meperidine hydrochloride and valethamate bromide against placebo in shortening the duration of active labor.MethodWe randomly assigned 160 nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy at term who needed induction of labor to one of 3 treatments: 50 mg of meperidine (n = 53), 16 mg of valethamate bromide (n = 53), or a normal saline solution as placebo (n = 54). All medications were given by slow intravenous infusion. Labor duration was the main outcome measure.ResultsThe intervals between infusion and complete cervical dilation and between infusion and delivery were significantly reduced (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01) in the meperidine group (103.0 ± 64.5 minutes and 119.8 ± 70.2 minutes), in contrast to the placebo group (173.9 ± 74.8 minutes and 192.2 ± 82.8 minutes). However, differences were not significant between the 2 treatment groups (139.6 ± 63.1 minutes and 160.6 ± 71.9 minutes), or between the valethamate bromide and the placebo group.ConclusionMeperidine, but not valethamate bromide, significantly shortened the duration of active labor in nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy at term.
Associations between sleeping habits and food consumption patterns among 10–11-year-old children in Finland
Authors: Westerlund Lisa , Ray Carola , Roos Eva 
Published: August 2009

The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is of special concern. Inverse associations between sleep length and overweight have been found in children. Short sleeping hours result in hormonal changes, which increase perceived hunger and appetite. This could affect food intake, and consequently lead to overweight. The aim is to find out whether there is an association between adequate sleep and food consumption among 10–11-year-old school children in Finland. One thousand two hundred and sixty-five children (response rate 79 %), aged 9–11, from thirty-one schools filled in a questionnaire about their health behaviour. Inadequate sleep was measured as short sleeping hours during school nights and weekend nights, difficulties in waking up in the morning and tiredness during the day. Food consumption patterns were measured by two consumption indices, energy-rich foods and nutrient-dense foods, based on a short FFQ (sixteen items). Inadequate sleep is associated with food consumption patterns. Boys with shorter sleep duration during school nights, and who were felt tired during the day, were more likely to consume energy-rich foods. Girls with shorter sleep duration during school nights consumed more likely energy-rich foods and less likely nutrient-dense foods. Adjusting for physical activity and screen time weakened the explored associations. The associations with energy-rich foods were stronger for boys than for girls. Sleeping habits are associated with food consumption patterns. Shorter sleep duration during school nights in school children is associated with higher consumption of energy-rich foods.
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among female Kuwaiti adolescents using two different criteria
Authors: Al-Isa Abdulwahhab , Akanji Abayomi O. , Thalib Lukman 
Published: August 2009

Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in Kuwait and they are associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS). The present study aims to assess the prevalence of the MS among Kuwaiti female adolescents aged 10–19 years. A cross-sectional random sample of 431, apparently healthy, Kuwaiti female adolescents drawn from several randomly selected schools was studied for the prevalence of the MS using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) modified for age diagnostic criteria. Clinical assessment included measurements of waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL and TAG. Whichever criteria are used, the prevalence of the MS among female Kuwaiti adolescents was found to be high, which indicates an urgent need for intervention programmes to prevent increased CVD and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The IDF criteria tend to give higher values for the prevalence of the MS in comparison with the modified ATP III criteria (14·8v.9·1 %). There have been no diagnostic criteria specific for the MS for the Gulf Arab population as yet.
Phylogeny of the cetrarioid core (Parmeliaceae) based on five genetic markers
Authors: THELL Arne , HÖGNABBA Filip , ELIX John A. , FEUERER Tassilo , KÄRNEFELT Ingvar , MYLLYS Leena , RANDLANE Tiina , SAAG Andres , STENROOS Soili , AHTI Teuvo , SEAWARD Mark R. D. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFourteen genera belong to a monophyletic core of cetrarioid lichens,Ahtiana, Allocetraria, Arctocetraria, Cetraria, Cetrariella, Cetreliopsis, Flavocetraria, Kaernefeltia, Masonhalea, Nephromopsis, Tuckermanella, Tuckermannopsis, UsnocetrariaandVulpicida. A total of 71 samples representing 65 species (of 90 worldwide) and all type species of the genera are included in phylogentic analyses based on a complete ITS matrix and incomplete sets of group I intron, β-tubulin, GAPDH and mtSSU sequences. Eleven of the species included in the study are analysed phylogenetically for the first time, and of the 178 sequences, 67 are newly constructed. Two phylogenetic trees, one based solely on the complete ITS-matrix and a second based on total information, are similar, but not entirely identical. About half of the species are gathered in a strongly supported clade composed of the generaAllocetraria, Cetrarias. str.,CetrariellaandVulpicida.Arctocetraria,Cetreliopsis,KaernefeltiaandTuckermanellaare monophyletic genera, whereasCetraria, FlavocetrariaandTuckermannopsisare polyphyletic. The taxonomy in current use is compared with the phylogenetic results, and future, probable or potential adjustments to the phylogeny are discussed. The single non-DNA character with a strong correlation to phylogeny based on DNA-sequences is conidial shape. The secondary chemistry of the poorly known speciesCetraria annaeis analyzed for the first time; the cortex contains usnic acid and atranorin, whereas isonephrosterinic, nephrosterinic, lichesterinic, protolichesterinic and squamatic acids occur in the medulla. Notes on the anatomy ofCetraria annaeandFlavocetraria minusculaare also provided.
A monograph of the genus Placomaronea (Ascomycota, Candelariales)
Authors: WESTBERG Martin , FRÖDÉN Patrik , WEDIN Mats 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA monograph of the genus Placomaronea is presented; all species described earlier are revised, a total of six species is recognized, and an identification key is presented. In addition to the three previously known species, P. candelarioides, P. lambii and P. mendozae, three new species are described: Placomaronea kaernefeltii is a large rosette-like species known from one locality in northernmost Chile; Placomaronea fuegiana is a bullate, areolate species described from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; Placomaronea minima is a small, areolate to minutely lobate species described from Chile and Argentina, and is the first species of Placomaronea to be reported from the African continent. In a phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ITS rDNA, Placomaronea is shown to form a monophyletic group within the Candelariales.
Age and epiphytic lichen diversity of the dwarf shrub Helianthemumoelandicum on the island of Öland, Sweden
Authors: FRÖBERG L. , NIKLASSON M. , PALTTO H. , KNUTSSON T. , JOHANSSON T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLichen cover and diversity were analysed on the dwarf shrub Helianthemum oelandicum (L.) Dum.Cours. at one site in the calcareous grassland of the area known as the ‘Great Alvar’ on the Island of Öland, Sweden. The age of 22 phorophytes was determined by ring counting and varied from 8 to 41 years and was accurately predicted by the root diameter. A total of 18 lichen species was found, with a range between 0 and 13 species per phorophyte. The number of lichen species on living H. oelandicum were correlated with the phorophyte age. The number of lichen species and their coverage were greater on dead compared with living phorophytes. The species number was also higher on thin branches compared with thick branches and roots and some of the species showed preferences for dead phorophytes, and for thin branches. This study of lichen colonization and growth on dwarf shrubs in relation to phorophyte age is a new application of herbchronology.
Genetic variation in relation to substratum preferences ofHypogymnia physodes
Authors: MATTSSON Jan-Eric , HANSSON Anne-Charlotte , LINDBLOM Louise 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGenetic variability and its relationship to substratum preferences within and among populations of the sorediate foliose lichenHypogymnia physodeswas investigated using sequence variation in the complete nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. A few samples of the putatively closely related, sorediate,H. tubulosawere also included. Samples were collected from each tree species in study sites in Estonia, Finland, and Sweden. In total, DNA sequences from 104 individuals ofH. physodesand 16 ofH. tubulosawere obtained. A group 1 intron situated at the end of the small subunit (SSU) of the nrDNA was detected in both species. Within-species variability was observed in both species: fifteen haplotypes were found forH.physodesand seven forH.tubulosafor the combined alignment of the intron and the ITS. Possible recombination within the total gene fragment was detected and hence the different regions (intron, ITS1, 5.8S, ITS2) were analysed separately. They show a different degree of variability both between each other and between the species. The number of haplotypes ofH.physodesin the four regions are 5, 5, 1, and 5 and forH.tubulosa5, 2, 1 and 2, respectively. A statistical parsimony estimation resulted in two unconnected networks; one containing all the samples ofH.physodesand one containing allH. tubulosasamples. It was not possible to show different potentials of the different haplotypes for establishment on different substrata as the network ofH. physodesindicates recombination within the ITS region which may be frequent enough to make this primarily clonally reproducing species to behave like a sexual species.
Increased susceptibility toStrongyloides venezuelensisin mice due toMycobacterium bovisco-infection which modulates production of Th2 cytokines
Authors: CARMO A. M. , VICENTINI M. A. , DIAS A. T. , ALVES L. L. , ALVES C. C. S. , BRANDI J. S. , DE PAULA M. L. , FERNANDES A. , BARSANTE M. M. , SOUZA M. A. , TEIXEIRA H. C. , NEGRÃO-CORRÊA D. , FERREIRA A. P. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYAn estimated quarter of the world's population possesses an infection caused by gastrointestinal nematodes, which induce a Th2 type immune response. Concomitant infection of nematodes withMycobacterium tuberculosis, which induces a predominantly Th1 type response, is very frequent in tropical and subtropical regions. This study examined immune responses of BALB/c mice infected withStrongyloides venezuelensisand then co-infected withMycobacterium bovis. The number of worms in the intestine, eggs in feces, cytokine production in lungs and intestine and the expression of CD80, CD86, CTLA-4 and CD28 cell markers on pulmonary cells were analysed. Our results indicate that co-infected mice had an increased parasite burden, which correlates with elevated IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokine production and decreased IL-4 and IL-13. Moreover, decreased expression of CD80 and increased expression of CTLA-4 were observed in co-infected mice. Our data point out that susceptibility toStrongyloides venezuelensisinfection is increased byMycobacterium bovisco-infection, resulting in higher parasite survival.
Weight gain in antipsychotic-naive patients: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tarricone I. , Ferrari Gozzi B. , Serretti A. , Grieco D. , Berardi D. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundWeight gain is a long-recognized side-effect of antipsychotic (AP) drugs and a major health concern in the treatment of psychosis. The strength of the causal relationship between AP drug exposure and weight gain can only be gauged by a drugs trial conducted on AP-naive patients.MethodWe conducted a review of the literature regarding the amount of weight gain induced by APs in AP-naive patients and carried out a meta-analysis of mean weight gains.ResultsWe found 11 primary studies reporting the effects of APs on body weight or body mass index (BMI) in AP-naive patients. The mean body weight and BMI gains in AP-naive patients were highly significant from the first weeks of treatment. When we limited the analysis to studies conducted on patients hospitalized and without any adjunctive treatment potentially affecting weight, the resultant sample showed less heterogeneity and confirmed the final picture of weight gain at around 3.8 kg and 1.2 points BMI.ConclusionsWeight gain associated with AP therapy in AP-naive patients occurs rapidly in the first few weeks and continues during the following months. Clinicians should be aware of the high probability of causing weight gain in AP-naive patients and should strictly monitor such patients.
Pre-morbid IQ in mental disorders: a Danish draft-board study of 7486 psychiatric patients
Authors: Urfer-Parnas A. , Lykke Mortensen E. , Sæbye D. , Parnas J. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundLongitudinal studies indicate that future schizophrenia patients exhibit lower IQ than healthy controls. Recent studies suggest that future patients with other mental illnesses obtain lower pre-morbid IQ. The aims of this study were to compare pre-morbid IQ among five diagnostic categories and normal controls, to examine the distribution of pre-morbid IQ, and to investigate the relationship between pre-morbid IQ and risk of mental illness.MethodA total of 7486 individuals hospitalized with psychiatric disease and 20 531 controls. IQ was measured at the draft board and hospital diagnoses [schizophrenia (Sz), non-schizophrenic, non-affective psychoses (NSAP), affective (AD), personality (PD) and neurotic/stress disorders (ND)] were followed up to ages 43–54 years. Individuals hospitalized ⩽1 year after appearing before the draft board were excluded.ResultsAll future patients obtained significantly lower pre-morbid IQ than controls (3–7 IQ points), AD had the highest IQ and PD the lowest. In each diagnostic category, decreasing IQ was associated with an increasing risk of becoming a patient [odds ratios (ORs) 0.5–2.5 over the full IQ spectrum]. IQ distributions was nearly normal and uni-modal.ConclusionsIQ deficits in each diagnostic category may reflect different functional patterns and temporal vicissitudes of the specific pathogenetic processes involved in different mental disorders.
Should the diagnosis of major depression be made independent of or dependent upon the psychosocial context?
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Myers J. , Halberstadt L. J. 
Published: August 2009

BackgroundThe diagnosis of certain psychiatric syndromes (e.g. panic attacks, post-traumatic stress disorder) is crucially dependent on the psychosocial context in which they arise. For other syndromes (e.g. schizophrenia), the context is generally irrelevant. Should the diagnosis of major depression (MD) be made dependent upon or independent of the psychosocial context in which it occurs?MethodTwins were selected from a population-based registry who, on personal interview, reported developing a full depressive syndrome either ‘out of the blue’ or in response to stressful life events (SLEs) rated objectively as having mild, low moderate, high moderate or severe long-term contextual threat (LTCT).ResultsIn these depressed subjects, no relationship was found between the level of adversity associated with onset and most indices of liability to depression, including risk of MD in co-twin and parents, level of neuroticism, risk for future depressive episodes, co-morbidity with other internalizing disorders and history of sexual abuse. Compared to the remainder of this epidemiologic cohort, subjects developing depression in response to the severe threat events had substantially elevated levels of all the examined indices of liability to MD.ConclusionsIndividuals who develop a full depressive syndrome in response to high-threat events do not have an appreciably lower liability to MD than those developing depression after exposure to low adversity and have much higher liability to depression than observed in their population cohort. These results support the hypothesis that, in general, MD can be diagnosed independently of the psychosocial context in which it arises.
Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum associated with aortic coarctation
Authors: Shauq Arjamand , Gladman Gordon , Ladusans Edmund J 
Published: August 2009

AbstractPulmonary atresia with intact septum is itself a rare congenital abnormality, albeit known to be associated with other cardiac and non-cardiac anomalies. The combination of right- and left-sided obstructive lesions, however, is extremely rare. We describe a patient having pulmonary atresia with intact septum associated with aortic coarctation, which to the best of our knowledge has been previously described on but one occasion.
Adherence to food-based dietary guidelines and evaluation of nutrient intake in 7-year-old children
Authors: Kristjansdottir Asa Gudrun , Thorsdottir Inga 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diet of 7-year-old children by comparison with food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and reference values for nutrient intake.DesignFood and nutrient intake was assessed by 3 d weighed dietary records of 7-year-olds in six randomly chosen schools in Reykjavik, Iceland. Height and weight were measured. The diet of 165 children (62 % of sample) was evaluated by the Icelandic FBDG and the Nordic reference values (NRV) for nutrient intake.SettingSix randomly chosen schools in Reykjavik, Iceland.ResultsThe FBDG on fruits and vegetables was reached by less than 20 % of the children. A total of 52 % reached the FBDG to eat fish twice a week and 41 % to use vitamin D supplement. The FBDG on dairy was reached by 66 % of the children. Mean intake of SFA gave 13·9 % of the total energy intake (E%), which is higher than the NRV, 9·3E% of MUFA and 3·8E% of PUFA, both lower than the NRV (for all differencesP< 0·001). Added sugar gave 12·1E%, which exceeds the upper level (P< 0·001). Fibre intake was 2·1 g/MJ and lower than the NRV (P< 0·001). Mean intake of micronutrients was above the recommended intake (RI), except for iodine, 109·0 μg/d, and vitamin D, 6·1 μg/d, which was lower than the RI (P= 0·006 andP< 0·001, respectively).ConclusionsFruit, vegetable, fish and dairy, as well as vitamin D supplement, need to be increased in the diet of 7-year-old children to reach the FBDG and the reference values for nutrient intake. Dietary changes to increase the quality of fat and carbohydrate are needed as well.
Significant effects of implementation of health-promoting schools on schoolteachers’ nutrition knowledge and dietary intake in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yi-Hua , Yeh Ching-Ying , Lai Yu-Ming , Shyu Meei-Ling , Huang Kuo-Cherh , Chiou Hung-Yi 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveAlthough teachers are the key participants in health-promoting schools (HPS) programme delivery, it is still unknown whether teachers are appropriate health information resources and role models for students with respect to healthy diets. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of implementing HPS programmes on teachers’ nutrition knowledge and diets.DesignOne HPS programme aiming at dietary intervention (HP-D) and one HPS not aiming at dietary intervention (HP-ND) were selected, along with two non-health-promoting (NHP) schools matched for school size and urbanization level with the two HPS. All 361 teachers in the four schools were invited to participate, yielding a 78·4 % overall valid response rate. A structured, self-reported questionnaire was administered, with regression models used for statistical analysis.ResultsTeachers in the HP-D group had a mean score of 21·1 on a range of 0–30 for nutrition knowledge, which was significantly higher than the mean scores of 18·5 in the HP-ND group and 19·1 in the NHP group (P< 0·001). Better dietary behaviours were also observed among HP-D teachers. Further, being a ‘health education’ course instructor was associated with significantly higher scores on nutrition knowledge (β= 2·6,P< 0·001) and vegetable and fruit consumption (β= 1·4,P= 0·02) in the HP-D group than in the NHP group. The HP-ND and NHP groups exhibited similar patterns of non-significant differences compared with the HP-D group.ConclusionsImplementation of a coordinated HPS framework on nutrition and diet was positively correlated with schoolteachers’ nutrition knowledge and dietary intake.
Hypothesis-oriented food patterns and incidence of hypertension: 6-year follow-up of the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) prospective cohort
Authors: Toledo Estefanía , Carmona-Torre Francisco de A , Alonso Alvaro , Puchau Blanca , Zulet María A , Martinez J Alfredo , Martinez-Gonzalez Miguel A 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo study the association between adherence to several a priori-defined healthy food patterns and the risk of hypertension.DesignProspective, multipurpose, dynamic cohort study (recruitment permanently open). We followed up 10 800 men and women (all of them university graduates), who were initially free of hypertension, for a variable period (range 2–6 years, median 4·6 years). During follow-up, 640 participants reported a new medical diagnosis of hypertension. Baseline diet was assessed using a validated 136-item FFQ. Validated information about non-dietary potential confounders was also gathered. We calculated adherence to fifteen different hypothesis-oriented food patterns and assessed the association between each of them and incident hypertension using multivariable Cox models.SettingThe SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra – University of Navarra Follow-up) Project, Spain.SubjectsParticipants recruited to the SUN cohort before October 2005 were eligible for inclusion; after excluding those with self-reported hypertension or CVD at baseline, or with extreme total energy intake, data of 10 800 were analysed.ResultsHigher adherence to the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet (range of the score: 0 to 5) was significantly associated with a lower risk for developing hypertension (P for trend = 0·02). The other food patterns showed no significant association with incident hypertension.ConclusionsOur results support a long-term protection of the DASH diet against the incidence of hypertension, but we found no evidence of a similar inverse association with hypertension for any other a priori-defined healthy food pattern.
Iron Age bog bodies of north-western Europe. Representing the dead
Authors: Giles Melanie 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper explores the phenomenon of Iron Age bog bodies which are currently the subject of competing claims over the respectful treatment of the ancient dead. It reviews the problems associated with their discovery, identifies why they attract such attention, and critiques both traditional interpretations of bog bodies and methods of display. The paper defends their archaeological analysis, arguing that this process can radically transform our understanding of past communities: their lifeways and world views. Using British and Irish examples, it discusses how intimate emotions and social bonds are constructed between bog bodies, on the one hand, and, on the other, the professionals and public who engage with them. It contends that a more reflexive approach which foregrounds these complex relationships might help address concerns about the public display of human remains in general. It concludes by advocating broad processes of consultation as well as a contextual approach to the interpretation and display of future bog bodies.