bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nachhaltigkeit von neu errichteten Wohngebäuden — Wege zur Beschreibung und Bewertung
Authors: Vogler Ingrid 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSeit längerer Zeit ist die Bewertung und Zertifizierung der Nachhaltigkeit von Gebäuden ein in der Fachöffentlichkeit intensiv diskutiertes Thema. Es besteht ein deutlicher Trend, Qualitäten messbar und damit öffentlich kommunizierbar zu machen. Dies wird auch von der Politik eingefordert. Der Wohnungsbau kann und will sich als quantitativ bedeutsamster Bereich des Bauens der Entwicklung hin zu komplexen Zertifizierungssystemen nicht verschließen. Für Wohngebäude sind aber wesentliche Unterschiede zu Bürogebäuden zu berücksichtigen. Wohnen und damit die Wohnung ist der Mittelpunkt menschlichen Lebens. Die soziale Dimension des Wohnens, der Wohnqualität und der Bezahlbarkeit des Wohnens haben daher essentielle gesellschaftliche Bedeutung. Wohnen ist sowohl Wirtschafts‐ als auch Umwelt‐ und Sozialgut. Die Wohnungswirtschaft untersucht deshalb gemeinsam mit weiteren Verbänden und dem BMVBS unter wissenschaftlicher Begleitung Möglichkeiten zur Beschreibung und Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit von neu errichteten Wohngebäuden, die den Spezifika des Wohnens gerecht wird.Sustainability of new residential buildings — ways to a description and quantification. For some time the description and certification of sustainability of buildings is an intensive discussed topic in the professional community. There is a clear trend for making qualities measurable and communicable to the public. This is demanded by the policy also. The housing sector as the quantitative most important part of civil engineering wants not to reject to complex certification systems. For residential buildings, however, significant differences to office buildings must be taken into account. Housing is the center of human life. The social dimension of housing, the housing quality and the affordability of housing have essential social significance. Housing has an economic, environmental and social dimension. Therefore the housing industry, together with other associations and the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development, and under scientific supervision, is working on possibilities for describing and quanti fying the sustainability of new residential buildings in accordance with the specifics of housing.
JNK phosphorylates Ser332 of doublecortin and regulates its function in neurite extension and neuronal migration
Authors: Jin Junghee , Suzuki Hiromi , Hirai Syu‐ichi , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko , Ohshima Toshio 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDoublecortin (DCX) is expressed in young neurons and functions as a microtubule‐associated protein. DCX is essential for neuronal migration because humans with mutations in the DCX gene exhibit cortical lamination defects known as lissencephaly in males and subcortical laminar heterotopia (or double cortex syndrome) in females. Phosphorylation of DCX alters its affinity for tubulin and may modulate neurite extension and neuronal migra tion. Previous in vitro phosphorylation experiments revealed that cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) phosphorylates multiple sites of DCX, including Ser332, (S332). However, phosphorylation at only Ser297 has been shown in vivo. In the present study, we examined phosphorylation of S332 of DCX in the Cdk5−/− mouse brain and results found, unexpectedly, indicate an increased DCX phosphorylation at S332. We found that JNK, not Cdk5, phosphorylates DCX at S332 in vivo. To examine the physiological significance of S332 phosphorylation of DCX in neuronal cells, we transfected cells with either GFP, GFP‐DCX‐WT, or GFP‐DCX‐S332A and analyzed neurite extension and migration. Introduction of GFP‐DCX‐WT enhanced neurite extension and migration. These effects of DCX introduction were suppressed when we used GFP‐DCX‐S332A. Treatment of neurons with JNK inhibitor increased the amount of DCX that bound to tubulin. Interestingly, amount of DCX that bound to tubulin decreased in Cdk5−/− brain homogenates, which indicates that phosphorylation of DCX by JNK is critical for the regulation of DCX binding to tubulin. These results suggest the physiological importance of phosphorylation of DCX for its function. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 929–942, 2010
A novel null allele of mouse DSCAM survives to adulthood on an inbred C3H background with reduced phenotypic variability
Authors: Fuerst Peter G. , Harris Belinda S. , Johnson Kenneth R. , Burgess Robert W. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDSCAMs are cell adhesion molecules that play several important roles in neurodevelopment. Mouse alleles of Dscam identified to date do not survive on an inbred C57BL/6 background, complicating analysis of DSCAM‐dependent developmental processes because of phenotypic variability related to the segregating backgrounds needed for postnatal survival. A novel spontaneous allele of Dscam, hereafter referred to as Dscam2J, has been identified. This allele contains a four base pair duplication in exon 19, leading to a frameshift and truncation of the open reading frame. Mice homozygous for the Dscam2J mutant allele survive into adulthood on the C3H/HeJ background on which the mutation was identified. Using the Dscam2J allele, retinal phenotypes that have variable severity on a segregating background were examined. A neurite lamination defect similar to that described in chick was discovered in mice. These results indicate that, in the retina, additional DSCAM‐dependent processes can be found by analysis of mutations on different genetic backgrounds. © genesis 48:578–584, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CXCR3 blockade inhibits T‐cell migration into the CNS during EAE and prevents development of adoptively transferred, but not actively induced, disease
Authors: Sporici Romeo , Issekutz Thomas B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAutoreactive T‐cell infiltration into the CNS is critical in MS and EAE. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands are implicated in MS and mouse EAE, but the contribution of CXCR3 to T‐cell migration into the inflamed CNS remains controversial. During active disease in a rat EAE model, blood T‐cell, spleen T‐cell and T lymphoblast migration into the CNS was inhibited by a CXCR3 blocking mAb by, 30–70%, ∼75% and 50–80%, respectively. However, CXCR3 blockade after active immunization did not inhibit EAE, did not alter total T‐cell accumulation in the CNS and did not affect Treg accumulation or the presence of cells producing IFN‐γ or IL‐17. Conversely, CXCR3 blockade during EAE induced by adoptive transfer of myelin basic protein‐activated T cells delayed disease onset, shortened its duration and reduced disease severity. Moreover, CXCR3 blockade inhibited leukocyte infiltration of the CNS>95%, virtually abolishing infiltration of transferred T cells. Thus, CXCR3 plays a major role in T‐cell migration to the CNS and can be critical for encephalitogenic T‐cell migration into the CNS to induce disease, but CXCR3‐independent recruitment can also produce EAE.
Local recall responses in the stomach involving reduced regulation and expanded help mediate vaccine‐induced protection against Helicobacter pylori in mice
Authors: Becher Dorit , Deutscher Michael E. , Simpfendorfer Kim R. , Wijburg Odilia L. , Pederson John S. , Lew Andrew M. , Strugnell Richard A. , Walduck Anna K. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is recognised as the chief cause of chronic gastritis, ulcers and gastric cancer in humans. With increased incidence of treatment failure and antibiotic resistance, development of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccination is a desirable alternative. Although the results of vaccination studies in animal models have been promising, studies in human volunteers have revealed problems such as ‘post‐immunisation gastritis’ and comparatively poor responses to vaccine antigens. The focus of this study was to compare the gastric and systemic cellular immune responses induced by recombinant attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium‐based vaccination in the C57BL/6 model of H. pylori infection. Analysis of lymphocyte populations in the gastric mucosa, blood, spleen, paragastric LN and MLN revealed that the effects of vaccination were largely confined to the parenchymal stomach rather than lymphoid organs. Vaccine‐induced protection was correlated with an augmented local recall response in the gastric mucosa, with increased proportions of CD4+ T cells, neutrophils and reduced proportions of CD4+ Treg. CD4+ T cells isolated from the stomachs of vaccinated mice proliferated ex vivo in response to H. pylori antigen, and secreted Th1 cytokines, particularly IFN‐γ. This detailed analysis of local gastric immune responses provides insight into the mechanism of vaccine‐induced protection.
The transmembrane adaptor protein NTAL signals to mast cell cytoskeleton via the small GTPase Rho
Authors: Tůmová Magda , Koffer Anna , Šimíček Michal , Dráberová Lubica , Dráber Petr 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe transmembrane adaptor protein NTAL (non‐T‐cell activation linker) participates in signalosome assembly in hematopoietic cells, but its exact role in cell physiology remains enigmatic. We report here that BM‐derived mast cells from NTAL‐deficient mice, responding to Ag alone or in combination with SCF, exhibit reduced spreading on fibronectin, enhanced filamentous actin depolymerization and enhanced migration towards Ag relative to WT cells. No such differences between WT and NTAL−/− BM‐derived mast cells were observed when SCF alone was used as activator. We have examined the activities of two small GTPases, Rac and Rho, which are important regulators of actin polymerization. Stimulation with Ag and/or SCF enhanced activity of Rac(1,2,3) in both NTAL−/− and WT cells. In contrast, RhoA activity decreased and this trend was much faster and more extensive in NTAL−/− cells, indicating a positive regulatory role of NTAL in the recovery of RhoA activity. After restoring NTAL into NTAL−/− cells, both spreading and actin responses were rescued. This is the first report of a crucial role of NTAL in signaling, via RhoA, to mast cell cytoskeleton.
Directing traffic on the NKT‐cell highway: A key role for ThPOK
Authors: Chakravarti Sumone , Godfrey Dale I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCD1d‐restricted NKT cells include CD4+ and DN subsets, with an additional CD8+ subset that is present in humans but not in mice. The molecular regulation of CD4/CD8 expression by NKT cells, and differentiation of these NKT‐cell subsets, is poorly understood. The transcription factors GATA3 and ThPOK regulate lineage commitment of conventional MHC class II‐restricted CD4+ T cells; however, their role in CD4/CD8 expression by CD1d‐restricted NKT cells is less clear. A new study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates a key role for ThPOK in differentiation of NKT‐cell subsets. This study reveals that GATA3 and ThPOK are necessary for the development of CD4+ NKT cells. Furthermore, ThPOK‐deficient mice generate an unusual population of CD8+ NKT cells, which are absent in control mice. This study sheds new light on the underlying molecular events leading to the emergence of distinct NKT‐cell subsets.
Tetranuclear Manganese Complexes with [MnII4] and [MnII2MnIII2] Units: Syntheses, Structures, Magnetic Properties, and DFT Study
Authors: Jerzykiewicz Lucjan B. , Utko Józef , Duczmal Marek , Starynowicz Przemysław , Sobota Piotr 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo tetranuclear manganese compounds, [Mn4(μ3,η2‐L)4Br4(LH)4] (1) and [Mn4(μ3,η2‐L)2(μ,η2‐L)4L2Br2] (2), with cubane and defect dicubane‐like cores were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations (LH = 2‐methoxyethanol). The magnetic properties of the resulting [Mn4] building blocks are presented and discussed in detail. In particular, in 2 the MnIII–O–MnIII angle 103.12(8)° is the largest observed to date for such a system. The conjunction of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions within the tetranuclear mixed‐valent MnII2MnIII2 complexes results in an unusual ST = 1 ground state.
Shape Evolution and Tunable Properties of Monodisperse Magnetite Crystals Synthesized by a Facile Surfactant‐Free Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Liu Rongzheng , Zhao Yuzhen , Huang Rongxia , Zhao Yongjie , Zhou Heping 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMonodisperse Fe3O4 crystals have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Reaction conditions are performed in an ethylene glycol (EG)/NaOH system using FeCl3 as the iron source without adding any surfactants. By adjusting the initial molar ratio of NaOH to Fe3+, several morphologies including solid spheres, hollow spheres, spherical chains, tetrakaidecahedrons, octahedrons, and some flowerlike structures can be obtained. Further investigation reveals that all of the spherical structures are formed by the highly oriented assembly of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The evolution of the morphology from spheres to octahedrons can be attributed to the competition effect between ethylene glycol and NaOH under the reaction conditions. The saturation magnetization, coercivity, and remanent magnetization of the as‐synthesized samples vary as the morphology and grain size changes.
Polyoxometallate–Thiosemicarbazone Hybrid Compounds
Authors: Gil‐García Rubén , Zichner René , Díez‐Gómez Virginia , Donnadieu Bruno , Madariaga Gotzon , Insausti Maite , Lezama Luis , Vitoria Pablo , Pedrosa María R. , García‐Tojal Javier 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNew polyoxometallate–thiosemicarbazone hybrid compounds derived from pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (HL), pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde N4‐methylthiosemicarbazone (HL′) and their copper(II) complexes have been synthesized. Their formulae are (H2L)4(Mo8O26)(H2O)4 (1), [{(HL)2H}2(Mo6O19)]·C3H6O·0.24H2O (2), [(H2L′)4(HL′)2(Mo8O26)(H2O)2] (3), [{Cu(L)}4(Mo8O26)(H2O)4] (4), [{Cu(HL)(H2O)}2(Mo8O26)] (5), [{Cu(L′)}4(Mo8O26)(H2O)14] (6), Na6[{Cu(HL′)(H2O)2}4({Cu(L′)}2{Mo36O116(H2O)12})]·20H2O (7), [{Cu(HL)}2{Cu(L)}4{Mo36O112(H2O)16}(H2O)26] (8), [{Cu(HL′)}4{Mo36O112(H2O)16}(H2O)30] (9) and [{Cu(HL)(H2O)}2{Cu(L)S}2(H4V10O28)]n·6nH2O (10). Compounds 1–6 contain octamolybdate [Mo8O26]4– or hexamolybdate [Mo6O19]2– anions together with (H2L)+, (H2L′)+, [Cu(L)]+, [Cu(HL)(H2O)]2+ or [Cu(L′)]+ cations and neutral thiosemicarbazone molecules. The polyoxometallates (POMs) in 7–9 are [Mo36O116(H2O)12]16–, {Mo36} (7), and [Mo36O112(H2O)16]8–, {Mo36′} (8, 9). [Cu(HL′)]2+/[Cu(L′)]+ and [Cu(HL)]2+/[Cu(L)]+ units complete the respective lattices. Compound 10 consists of decavanadate anions (H4V10O28)2– and thiosemicarbazone‐copper(II) entities forming 1D [{Cu(HL)(H2O)}2{Cu(L)S}2(H4V10O28)]n structures connected through the hydrogen bonds of chains of water molecules. Structures of 2, 5, 7 and 10 have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and other instrumental techniques (infrared, thermal analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic susceptibility and mass spectrometry) were used to analyse all the compounds presented herein. The structural parameters of more than 1000 published thiosemicarbazone‐metal complexes have been used to determine some of the differences between metal complexes that contain anionic and neutral thiosemicarbazone ligands.
Copper(I) in the Cleft: Syntheses, Structures and Catalytic Properties of {Cu+–Co3+–Cu+} and {Cu+–Fe3+–Cu+} Heterobimetallic Complexes
Authors: Singh Amit Pratap , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the synthesis and characterization of {Cu+–Co3+–Cu+} and {Cu+–Fe3+–Cu+} heterobimetallic complexes utilizing Co3+ and Fe3+ coordination complexes as the building blocks. The crystallographic investigation of the {Cu+–Co3+–Cu+} and {Cu+–Fe3+–Cu+} heterometallic complexes reveal that the CuI ions in the clefts are coordinated by two pyridine nitrogen atoms and one CH3CN molecule. The crystal structures also show several weak interactions that result in interesting packing in the solid state. The accessible Cu2+/+ redox potential and presence of labile site on the copper center has been utilized for the oxidation of hindered phenols in the presence of molecular oxygen. Hindered phenols were oxidized to the C–C‐coupled products in most cases, however, de‐alkylation resulted in the case of 2,4,6‐trisubstituted phenols. Interestingly, when H2O2 was used as oxidant, de‐alkylation was not observed; suggesting the uniqueness of the active species generated in the presence of catalyst and molecular oxygen.
TiO2 Nanotubes – Annealing Effects on Detailed Morphology and Structure
Authors: Albu Sergiu P. , Tsuchiya Hiroaki , Fujimoto Shinji , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe present work deals with self‐organized TiO2 nanotube layers formed on a Ti metal substrate by anodization. For virtually any electrical or photoelectric application, these originally amorphous nanotube layers need to be converted to anatase. Most frequently, this is done by annealing at temperatures of approximately 450 °C. In the present work we use TEM and XRD to compare the annealing at a significantly lower temperature of 350 °C with that at the established 450 °C. HRTEM results show that both annealing treatments lead to comparable grain sizes in the nanotube walls; however, at 450 °C numerous defects (nanoscopic cracks) are created in the nanotube walls. Moreover, the treatment at 450 °C leads to the formation of a (rutile) oxide layer underneath the tube layers. These factors can considerably affect the overall properties of the tubes. Additionally, we point out some effects that should be carefully considered when using HRTEM investigation on TiO2 nanotubes such as e‐beam‐induced crystallization or tube diameter shrinkage.
Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Phospholes: A Variety of Reaction Pathways
Authors: Huang Congbao , Liu Hui , Zhang Jianzhen , Duan Zheng , Mathey François 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCorrecting an earlier report, the reaction of 1‐phenyl‐3,4‐dimethylphosphole (1a) with an excess amount of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) at room temperature affords the stable cyclopentadienylidenephosphorane 3a resulting from unexpected deoxygenation of initially formed [phosphole + 2DMAD] adduct 2a by the starting phosphole. The identity of 3a was established by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. DFT calculations on a model [1+2] adduct similar to 2a shows a bent allenic structure and an ambident reactivity for the terminal carbon of the (DMAD)2 chain. Cyclopentadienylidenephosphorane 3b is also obtained with 1‐benzylphosphole 1b. With 1‐stannylphosphole 1c, a 1:3 adduct with a seven‐membered ring (i.e., 5) is obtained. It was also characterized by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Finally, with 1‐benzyl‐2‐benzoylphosphole 1d, the P lone pair has lost its nucleophilicity and a [4+2] cycloaddition takes place with the dienol tautomer of the unsaturated ketone to give phosphindole 6, also characterized by X‐ray.
Modular Synthesis of 5‐Substituted Furan‐2‐yl C‐2′‐Deoxyribonucleosides and Biaryl Covalent Base‐Pair Analogues
Authors: Bárta Jan , Slavětínská Lenka , Klepetářová Blanka , Hocek Michal 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA modular and efficient synthesis of 5‐(hetero)arylfuran C‐2′‐deoxyribonucleosides was developed. Friedel–Crafts C‐glycosidation of 2‐bromofuran with toluoyl‐protected methyl 2′‐deoxyribofuranoside in the presence of BF3·Et2O gave 5‐bromofuran C‐nucleosides, which were used as key intermediates for Stille or Suzuki coupling with (hetero)arylstannanes or boronic acids to afford a series of 5‐(hetero)arylfuran C‐nucleosides. 5‐Boronofuran C‐nucleoside was prepared by the Suzuki coupling of bromofuran with bis(pinacolatodiboron) or by Ir‐catalyzed C–H borylation of furan and was used for cross‐coupling with 5‐bromoheteroaryl C‐nucleosides to furnish novel covalent analogues of nucleoside pairs. The title 5‐arylfuran C‐nucleosides possess interesting fluorescence properties that may be applicable for fluorescent labeling of biomolecules.
Molecular Tweezers: Synthesis and Formation of Host–Guest Complexes
Authors: Legouin Béatrice , Gayral Maud , Uriac Philippe , Cupif Jean‐François , Levoin Nicolas , Toupet Loic , van de Weghe Pierre 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA chiral molecular tweezer obtained from (+)‐usnic acid placed in solution in the presence of various aromatic compounds afforded complexes with low association constants. Thus, the X‐ray structure of assembly 3i is presented, where the guest is sandwiched between the two pincers of the tweezer. The association constants for various guests were determined through different methods. Finally, other tweezers with electron‐rich aromatic aldehydes and ketones were prepared from (1R,2R)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane. The most interesting complexes were also confirmed through structural analysis, and the best results were obtained with 10‐hydroxyphenanthrene‐9‐carbaldehyde (5i) as the aromatic moiety.
Kharasch‐Type Cyclizations of 2‐Substituted Indole Derivatives Surprisingly Lead to Spiroindoles
Authors: Van der Jeught Sarah , De Vos Nils , Masschelein Kurt , Ghiviriga Ion , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractStarting from 1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylic acid, a series of spiro[2‐oxoindole‐pyrrolidines] could be synthesized in a straightforward manner. The key reaction is a Kharasch radical cyclization reaction of trichloroacetylated precursors. The identity of the tricyclic final products that were formed could be determined as spiro[2‐oxoindole‐pyrrolidines] by using a combination of different analytical techniques (1H NMR, 13C NMR, gHMBC, HRMS) and additional reactions. The produced skeletons are interesting from a medicinal point of view.
Severe Energy Costs of Double Steric Interactions: Towards a Molecular Clamp
Authors: Nikitin Kirill , Fleming Conor , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Ortin Yannick , McGlinchey Michael J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe factors determining the ease of rotation about carbon–carbon single bonds connecting two internally rigid fragments such as phenyl, indenyl, anthracenyl and triptycyl are analysed. The internal rotation barriers in these molecules have been estimated on the basis of kinetic data or variable‐temperature NMR measurements, and the crystal structures have been analysed in terms of steric strain. Computer simulation of the internal rotation indicates that the estimated Closest Approach Distance, CAD, between sterically interacting atoms of the two interconnected fragments can be a helpful parameter for evaluating their rotational freedom, but must be used with caution. Thus, the barrier to rotation of a 3‐indenyl moiety linked to the 9‐position of anthracene is very high (ΔG≠ ≈ 25 kcal mol–1) compared to that in 3‐indenyltriptycene (ΔG≠ ≈ 12 kcal mol–1) despite the fact that the nominal CADs in both cases are very similar. Moreover, dimeric 2‐methylindenyl fragments linked by a single bond at the 3‐position undergo relatively slow rotation (ΔG≠ ≈ 14–15 kcal mol–1) owing to the simultaneous close approach of two pairs of sterically interacting hydrogens. Although the rotational barrier for a 2‐indenyl or phenyl moiety attached to the bridgehead atom of triptycene, or to the related dibenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octane system, is relatively low (ΔG≠ ≈ 8–9 kcal mol–1), further extension of the bridge to dibenzobicyclo[2.2.4]dioxadecane leads to an activation energy barrier in excess of 23 kcal mol–1, attributable to an intramolecular simultaneous “clamping” of the phenyl rings by the edges of the aromatic rings of the dibenzobicyclo[2.2.4]dioxadecane moiety. The X‐ray crystal structures of 15 molecules, including mono‐ and di‐indenyl‐anthracenes, racemic‐ and meso‐2‐methylindenyl dimers, phenyl‐ and indenyl‐triptycenes and ‐barrelenes, are reported.