bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of spironolactone versus bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Jha Abhijeet Kumar , Zeeshan MD , Singh Anupama , Singh Anil Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFemale‐pattern hair loss (FPHL) is characterized by decreased scalp hair density, thinning of hair shafts, and progressive miniaturization of hair follicles.ObjectiveTo compare the safety and efficacy of spironolactone versus bicalutamide in female pattern hair loss [FPHL].MethodsThe study design was retrospective, and all eligible females aged between 18 years and 50 years with FPHL were included. We identified 120 patients from our database who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and patients were then categorized into two groups, Group A comprising patients who were taking 100 mg of spironolactone once daily and Group B comprising patients who were taking 50 mg of bicalutamide once daily along with topical minoxidil 2% in both groups. Patient were analysed at approximately at 24 weeks from the commencement of the treatment.ResultsMean reduction in hair loss severity score on Sinclair scale was 19.51% in spironolactone group compared to 28.20% in bicalutamide group at 24 weeks, which was statistically significant. On global photographic assessment, marked improvement was seen in bicalutamide group compared to spironolactone group (p = 0.139).ConclusionsOur study, though limited by its retrospective design and small sample size, showed that bicalutamide has greater efficacy and better safety profile in comparison to spironolactone in the treatment of FPHL.
Asystolic donor warm ischemia time is associated with development of postreperfusion syndrome in donation after circulatory death liver transplant
Authors: Bekki Yuki , Rocha Chiara , Myers Bryan , Wang Ryan , Smith Natalie , Tabrizian Parissa , DiNorcia Joseph , Moon Jang , Arvelakis Antonios , Facciuto Marcelo E. , DeMaria Samuel , Florman Sander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividual events during donation after circulatory death (DCD) procurement, such as hypotensive or hypoxic warm ischemia, or circulatory arrest are all a part of donor warm ischemia time (dWIT), and may have differing effects on the outcome of the liver graft. This study aimed to identify risk factors for postreperfusion syndrome (PRS), a state of severe hemodynamic derangement following graft reperfusion, and its impact on DCD liver transplantation (LT) outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis using 106 DCD LT. Detailed information for events during procurement (withdrawal of life support; systolic blood pressure < 80 mmHg; oxygen saturation < 80%; circulatory arrest; aortic cold perfusion) and their association with the development of PRS were examined using logistic regression.ResultsThe overall incidence of PRS was 26.4%, occurring in 28 patients. Independent risk factors for PRS were asystolic dWIT (odds ratio (OR) 3.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–9.66) and MELD score (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10). Total bilirubin was significantly higher in the PRS group at postoperative day (POD) 1 (p = .02; 5.2 mg/dL vs. 3.4 mg/dL), POD 3 (p = .049; 4.5 mg/dL vs. 2.8 mg/dL), and POD 7 (p = .04; 3.1 mg/dL vs. 1.9 mg/dL). Renal replacement therapy after LT was more likely to be required in the PRS group (p = .01; 48.2% vs. 23.1%).ConclusionAsystolic dWIT is a risk factor for the development of PRS in DCD LT. Our results suggest that asystolic dWIT should be considered when selecting DCD liver donors.
Kidney transplant candidates’ perspectives on the implementation of a Canadian Willingness to Cross program: A strategy to increase access to kidney transplantation for highly sensitized patients
Authors: Affdal Aliya , Issa Mohamad , Ballesteros Fabian , Malo Marie‐Françoise , Thind Gurvir , Atkinson Teresa , Coldwell Kristi , Grewal Kuljit , Wong KaYee , Lan James H. , Fortin Marie‐Chantal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end‐stage renal disease. However, highly sensitized patients (HSPs) have reduced access to transplantation, leading to increased morbidity and mortality on the waiting list. The Canadian Willingness to Cross (WTC) program proposes allowing transplantation across preformed donor specific antibodies (DSA) determined to be at a low risk of rejection under the adaptive design framework. This study collected patients’ perspectives on the development of this program.MethodsForty‐one individual interviews were conducted with kidney transplant candidates from three Canadian transplant centers in 2022. The interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed for subsequent analyses.ResultsDespite limited familiarity with the adaptive design, participants demonstrated trust in the researchers. They perceived the WTC program as a pathway for HSPs to access transplantation while mitigating transplant‐related risks. HSPs saw the WTC program as a source of hope and an opportunity to leave dialysis, despite acknowledging inherent uncertainties. Some non‐HSPs expressed concerns about fairness, anticipating increased waiting times and potential compromise in kidney graft longevity due to higher rejection risks. Participants recommended essential strategies for implementing the WTC program, including organizing informational meetings and highlighting the necessity for psychosocial support.ConclusionThe WTC program emerges as a promising strategy to enhance HSPs’ access to kidney transplantation. While HSPs perceived this program as a source of hope, non‐HSPs voiced concerns about distributive justice issues. These results will help develop a WTC program that is ethically sound for transplant candidates.
Prenatal diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch using high‐definition flow render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation
Authors: Li Tian‐Gang , Wu Wen‐Rui , Su Xiao‐Rong , Wang Ai‐Lin , Wang Yan‐Fang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical utility of two dimensional (2D) ultrasound combined with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) in diagnosing interrupted aortic arch (IAA) in fetal life.MethodsA total of 53 cases of fetal IAA were diagnosed using 2D ultrasound combined with STIC, and 53 normal fetuses of the same gestational week were selected. These cases were retrospectively analyzed to assess the utility of employing 2D ultrasound combined with STIC in the diagnosis of IAA.Results2D ultrasound combined with STIC detected 22 cases of type A IAA, 24 cases of type B IAA, and seven cases of type C IAA. Furthermore, combining 2D ultrasound with STIC enabled dynamic visualization of the IAA, aiding in prenatal diagnosis. The diagnostic coincidence rate of IAA was found to be higher in the HD‐flow combined with STIC than that in the 2D combined with HD‐flow.ConclusionHD‐flow combined with STIC can assist in diagnosing fetal IAA, and this technique has important clinical value.
A concept analysis of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses
Authors: Runyon Maggie C. , Copel Linda Carman , Trout Kimberly K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo facilitate an understanding of the risk for psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses.DesignConcept analysis.MethodsThe Walker and Avant method of concept analysis was applied to 56 articles. The characteristics, antecedents, and consequences of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses were identified.Data sourcesPeer‐reviewed articles in English from CINAHL, PubMed and Google Scholar were reviewed on July 2023.ResultsThe characteristics of psychological trauma in labour and delivery nurses are overwhelming distress, intrusive symptoms, avoidance and numbing behaviours, hypervigilance or hyperarousal, emotional dysregulation, cognitive distortions, and interpersonal challenges. The antecedents are exposure to one or more of the following nurse‐specific traumas: natural or person‐made disasters, historical role limitations, second victim situations, secondary trauma, system‐mediated or over‐medicalized care, insufficient resources, or workplace incivility. The consequences are disruptions in mental health, diminished physical health, alterations in relationships, and variable work performance.ConclusionLabour and delivery nurses experience unique causes of psychological trauma due to their practice environment and patient population. The consequences of labour and delivery nurses' psychological trauma extend beyond individual health and impact the quality of patient care and organizational capacity.Implications for the profession and/or patient careFurthermore, research is needed to inform education, support and policy measures to mitigate harm effectively.What problem did the study address?Nurse‐specific trauma theory has not been applied to the unique labour and delivery environment with a high incidence of patient trauma.What were the main findings?Multiple causes of trauma in the perinatal context have created a pervasive yet largely preventable issue.Where and on whom will the research have an impact?This research will impact labour and delivery nurses, their leadership, and their patients.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Periodontal inflammatory and microbial profiles in healthy young African Americans and Caucasians
Authors: Sabbagh Samer , Adatorwovor Reuben , Kirakodu Sreenatha , Rojas‐Ramirez Marcia V. , Al‐Sabbagh Mohanad , Dawson Dolphus , Fernandes Jussara Gonçalves , Miguel Manuela Maria Viana , Villasante‐Tezanos Alejandro , Shaddox Luciana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to compare microbial and inflammatory profiles in periodontally/systemically healthy African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) individuals.Materials and MethodsThirty‐seven C and 46 AA aged from 5 to 25 years were evaluated regarding periodontal disease, caries, microbial subgingival profile via 16‐s sequencing, as well as salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) inflammatory profile via multiplex assay.ResultsGreater probing depth percentage was detected in AA (p = .0075), while a higher percentage of caries index (p = .0069) and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index (p = .0089) was observed in C, after adjusting for number of teeth, sex and age. Salivary levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNFα were higher for C, whereas GCF levels of eotaxin, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70, IL‐2 and MIP‐1α were higher in AA (p < .05). Different microbial profiles were observed between the races (p = .02). AA presented higher abundance of periodontopathogens (such as Tanerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Filifactor alocis, among others), and C presented more caries‐associated bacteria (such as Streptococcus mutans and Prevotella species). Bacillaceae and Lactobacillus species were associated with higher DMFT index, whereas Fusobacterium and Tanerella species with periodontal disease parameters.ConclusionsA different inflammatory and bacterial profile was observed between healthy AA and C, which may predispose these races to higher susceptibility to specific oral diseases.
Diagnostic accuracy of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)‐8 point‐of‐care test for detecting periodontitis in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wei Shimin , Lin Tingting , Sáenz‐Ravello Gustavo , Gao Hanqi , Zhang Yong , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Deng Ke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)‐8 point‐of‐care test (POCT) for detecting periodontitis in adults, through meta‐analysis.Materials and MethodsDiagnostic studies evaluating the accuracy of salivary/oral rinse aMMP‐8 POCT for detecting periodontitis in adults, when compared with clinical examination, were considered eligible. A comprehensive search was performed up to 31 August 2023 through five databases. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 was utilized to evaluate the methodological quality of the included articles. Meta‐analysis was performed using Bayesian bivariate hierarchical model and subgroup analysis.ResultsFrom 368 screened studies, 6 studies (4 cross‐sectional and 2 longitudinal studies) were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of salivary aMMP‐8‐POCT for detecting periodontitis were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.41–0.82) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.65–0.95), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the 95% CI for oral fluid types, predefined diagnostic thresholds and the POCT systems largely overlapped, indicating that the differences between them may not be significant.ConclusionSalivary aMMP‐8 POCT shows fair accuracy for detecting periodontitis. The diagnostic accuracy cannot be significantly influenced by the types of oral fluids, predefined diagnostic thresholds or the specific POCT systems used. More research is needed to confirm the clinical utility and implementation of aMMP‐8 POCT in the diagnosis of periodontitis.
Decoding, reading and writing: the double helix theory of teaching
Authors: Wyse Dominic , Hacking Charlotte 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a new theory and model of the teaching of decoding, reading and writing. The first part of the paper reviews a selection of influential models of learning to read and write that to varying degrees have been used as the basis for approaches to teaching, including the Simple View of Reading. As well as noting some strengths of the models in relation to children's learning, limitations are identified in terms of their applicability as models of teaching. The second part of the paper presents seven components that are central to teaching reading and writing derived from social, cultural and cognitive research and theory. Explanations for the relevance of the components are offered, and seminal and more recent research that underpin them summarised. The final part of the paper introduces a new theory and model of teaching, The Double Helix of Reading and Writing. It is argued that this model provides a rationale for a balanced approach to teaching, and an alternative to synthetic phonics.
Striatal Blood Flow Changes by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Its Effect on Neurological Deficits in Mice
Authors: Unekawa Miyuki , Tsukada Naoki , Takizawa Tsubasa , Tomita Yutaka , Nakahara Jin , Izawa Yoshikane 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe attempted to record the regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) simultaneously at various regions of the cerebral cortex and the striatum during middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and to evaluate neurological deficits and infarct formation.MethodsIn male C57BL/6J mice, CBF was recorded in three regions including the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and the striatum with laser Doppler flowmeters, and the origin of MCA was occluded with a monofilament suture for 15–90 min. After 48 h, neurological deficits were evaluated, and infarct was examined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.ResultsCBF decrease in the striatum was approximately two‐thirds of the MCA‐dominant region of the cortex during MCA occlusion. The characteristic CBF fluctuation because of spontaneously occurred spreading depolarization observed throughout the cortex was not found in the striatum. Ischemic foci with slight lower staining to TTC were found in the ipsilateral striatum in MCA‐occluded mice for longer than 30 min (n = 54). Twenty‐nine among 64 MCA‐occluded mice exhibited neurological deficits even in the absence of apparent infarct with minimum staining to TTC in the cortex, and the severity of neurological deficits was not correlated with the size of the cortical infarct.ConclusionNeurological deficits might be associated with the ischemic striatum rather than with cortical infarction.
Light control of three‐dimensional chromatin organization in soybean
Authors: Li Zhu , Sun Linhua , Xu Xiao , Liu Yutong , He Hang , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: May 2024

SummaryHigher‐order chromatin structure is critical for regulation of gene expression. In plants, light profoundly affects the morphogenesis of emerging seedlings as well as global gene expression to ensure optimal adaptation to environmental conditions. However, the changes and functional significance of chromatin organization in response to light during seedling development are not well documented. We constructed Hi‐C contact maps for the cotyledon, apical hook and hypocotyl of soybean subjected to dark and light conditions. The resulting high‐resolution Hi‐C contact maps identified chromosome territories, A/B compartments, A/B sub‐compartments, TADs (Topologically Associated Domains) and chromatin loops in each organ. We observed increased chromatin compaction under light and we found that domains that switched from B sub‐compartments in darkness to A sub‐compartments under light contained genes that were activated during photomorphogenesis. At the local scale, we identified a group of TADs constructed by gene clusters consisting of different numbers of Small Auxin‐Upregulated RNAs (SAURs), which exhibited strict co‐expression in the hook and hypocotyl in response to light stimulation. In the hypocotyl, RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) regulated the transcription of a SAURs cluster under light via TAD condensation. Our results suggest that the 3D genome is involved in the regulation of light‐related gene expression in a tissue‐specific manner.
Arabidopsis diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 mutants require fatty acid desaturation for normal seed development
Authors: Neumann Nicholas , Harman Maxwell , Kuhlman Andrea , Durrett Timothy P. 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYDiacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) is the major enzyme that synthesizes triacylglycerols (TAG) during Arabidopsis seed development. Mutant dgat1 seeds possess low oil content in addition to a high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition. Two genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum localized desaturase enzymes, fatty acid desaturase2 (FAD2) and fatty acid desaturase3 (FAD3), were upregulated in both dgat1‐1 and dgat1‐2 developing seeds. Crosses between both dgat1 mutant alleles and fad2‐1 failed to generate plants homozygous for both dgat1 and fad2. Reciprocal crosses with wild‐type plants demonstrated that both male and female dgat1 fad2 gametophytes were viable. Siliques from DGAT1/dgat1‐1 fad2‐1/fad2‐1 and dgat1‐1/dgat1‐1 FAD2/fad2‐1 possessed abnormal looking seeds that were arrested in the torpedo growth stage. Approximately 25% of the seeds exhibited this arrested phenotype, genetically consistent with them possessing the double homozygous dgat1 fad2 genotype. In contrast, double homozygous dgat1‐1 fad3‐2 mutant plants were viable. Seeds from these plants possessed higher levels of 18:2 while their fatty acid content was lower than dgat1 mutant controls. The results are consistent with a model where in the absence of DGAT1 activity, desaturation of fatty acids by FAD2 becomes essential to provide PUFA substrates for phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) to synthesize TAG. In a dgat1 fad2 mutant, seed development is aborted because TAG is unable to be synthesized by either DGAT1 or PDAT.
Stability and equivariant Gromov–Hausdorff convergence
Authors: Alattar Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe give applications of equivariant Gromov–Hausdorff convergence in various contexts. Namely, using equivariant Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, we prove a stability result in the setting of compact finite‐dimensional Alexandrov spaces. Moreover, we introduce the notion of an almost commutative diagram and show that its use simplifies both exposition and argument.
Product‐free sets in the free group
Authors: Ortega Miquel , Rué Juanjo , Serra Oriol 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove that product‐free subsets of the free group over a finite alphabet have maximum upper density with respect to the natural measure that assigns total weight one to each set of irreducible words of a given length. This confirms a conjecture of Leader, Letzter, Narayanan, and Walters. In more general terms, we actually prove that strongly ‐product‐free sets have maximum upper density in terms of this measure. The bounds are tight.
Myths and Methodologies: Standardisation in human physiology research—should we control the controllables?
Authors: Merrell Lucy H. , Perkin Oliver J. , Bradshaw Louise , Collier‐Bain Harrison D. , Collins Adam J. , Davies Sophie , Eddy Rachel , Hickman James A. , Nicholas Anna P. , Rees Daniel , Spellanzon Bruno , James Lewis J. , McKay Alannah K. A. , Smith Harry A. , Turner James E. , Koumanov Francoise , Maher Jennifer , Thompson Dylan , Gonzalez Javier T. , Betts James A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe premise of research in human physiology is to explore a multifaceted system whilst identifying one or a few outcomes of interest. Therefore, the control of potentially confounding variables requires careful thought regarding the extent of control and complexity of standardisation. One common factor to control prior to testing is diet, as food and fluid provision may deviate from participants’ habitual diets, yet a self‐report and replication method can be flawed by under‐reporting. Researchers may also need to consider standardisation of physical activity, whether it be through familiarisation trials, wash‐out periods, or guidance on levels of physical activity to be achieved before trials. In terms of pharmacological agents, the ethical implications of standardisation require researchers to carefully consider how medications, caffeine consumption and oral contraceptive prescriptions may affect the study. For research in females, it should be considered whether standardisation between‐ or within‐participants in regards to menstrual cycle phase is most relevant. The timing of measurements relative to various other daily events is relevant to all physiological research and so it can be important to standardise when measurements are made. This review summarises the areas of standardisation which we hope will be considered useful to anyone involved in human physiology research, including when and how one can apply standardisation to various contexts.