bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two commentaries on ‘Impact of tuberculosis preventive therapy on tuberculosis and mortality in HIV‐infected children’
Authors: Coovadia Hoosen , Bland Ruth M. , Walls Tony 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThese are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Gray DM, Young T, Cotton M, Zar H. Impact of tuberculosis preventive therapy on tuberculosis and mortality in HIV‐infected children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD006418. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006418.pub2.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2009 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
IL‐4 induces protection of vascular endothelial cells against killing by complement and melittin through lipid biosynthesis
Authors: Black Sylvester M. , Schott Megan E. , Batdorf Bjorn H. , Benson Barbara A. , Rutherford Mark S. , Levay‐Young Brett K. , Dalmasso Agustin P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe have shown previously that cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐13 induce protection in porcine vascular endothelial cells (EC) against killing by the membrane attack complex (MAC) of human complement. This protection is intrinsic, not due to changes in complement regulatory proteins, and requires activation of Akt and sterol receptor element binding protein‐1 (SREBP‐1), which regulates fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis. Here we report that, compared to EC incubated in medium, IL‐4‐treated EC had a profound reduction in complement‐mediated ATP loss and in killing assessed by vital dye uptake, but only a slight reduction in permeability disruption measured by calcein release. While controls exposed to complement lost mitochondrial membrane potential and subsequently died, protected EC maintained mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential, and remained alive. SREBP‐1 and fatty acid synthase activation were required for protection and fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis, including cardiolipin, were increased after IL‐4 stimulation, without increase in cholesterol content or cell proliferation. IL‐4 also induced protection of EC from killing by the channel forming protein melittin, similar to protection observed for the MAC. We conclude that IL‐4 induced activation of Akt/SREBP‐1/lipid biosynthesis in EC, resulting in protection against MAC and melittin, in association with mitochondrial protection.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1419 encodes a secreted 13 kDa lectin with immunological reactivity during human tuberculosis
Authors: Nogueira Lucas , Cardoso Fernanda C. , Mattos Ana M. , Bordignon Juliano , Figueiredo Cláudia P. , Dahlstrom Pedro , Frota Cristiane C. , Duarte dos Santos Cláudia N. , Chalhoub Marcelo , Cavada Benildo S. , Teixeira Henrique C. , Oliveira Sérgio C. , Barral‐Netto Manoel , Báfica André 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn this study, we have identified a secreted 13 kDa lectin from Mtb (Mtb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; sMTL‐13) by homology search of a non‐redundant lectin database. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that sMTL‐13 belongs to the ricin‐type β‐trefoil family of proteins containing a Sec‐type signal peptide present in Mtb complex species, but not in non‐tuberculous mycobacteria. Following heterologous expression of sMTL‐13 and generation of an mAb (clone 276.B7/IgG1κ), we confirmed that this lectin is present in culture filtrate proteins from Mtb H37Rv, but not in non‐tuberculous mycobacteria‐derived culture filtrate proteins. In addition, sMTL‐13 leads to an increased IFN‐γ production by PBMC from active tuberculosis (ATB) patients. Furthermore, sera from ATB patients displayed high titers of IgG Ab against sMTL‐13, a response found to be decreased following successful anti‐tuberculosis therapy. Together, our findings reveal a secreted 13 kDa ricin‐like lectin from Mtb, which is immunologically recognized during ATB and could serve as a biomarker of disease treatment.
Modified vaccinia Ankara‐expressing Ag85A, a novel tuberculosis vaccine, is safe in adolescents and children, and induces polyfunctional CD4+ T cells
Authors: Scriba Thomas J. , Tameris Michele , Mansoor Nazma , Smit Erica , van der Merwe Linda , Isaacs Fatima , Keyser Alana , Moyo Sizulu , Brittain Nathaniel , Lawrie Alison , Gelderbloem Sebastian , Veldsman Ashley , Hatherill Mark , Hawkridge Anthony , Hill Adrian V. S. , Hussey Gregory D. , Mahomed Hassan , McShane Helen , Hanekom Willem A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractModified vaccinia Ankara‐expressing Ag85A (MVA85A) is a new tuberculosis (TB) vaccine aimed at enhancing immunity induced by BCG. We investigated the safety and immunogenicity of MVA85A in healthy adolescents and children from a TB endemic region, who received BCG at birth. Twelve adolescents and 24 children were vaccinated and followed up for 12 or 6 months, respectively. Adverse events were documented and vaccine‐induced immune responses assessed by IFN‐γ ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining. The vaccine was well tolerated and there were no vaccine‐related serious adverse events. MVA85A induced potent and durable T‐cell responses. Multiple CD4+ T‐cell subsets, based on expression of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐17 and GM‐CSF, were induced. Polyfunctional CD4+ T cells co‐expressing IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐2 dominated the response in both age groups. A novel CD4+ cell subset co‐expressing these three Th1 cytokines and IL‐17 was induced in adolescents, while a novel CD4+ T‐cell subset co‐expressing Th1 cytokines and GM‐CSF was induced in children. Ag‐specific CD8+ T cells were not detected. We conclude that in adolescents and children MVA85A safely induces the type of immunity thought to be important in protection against TB. This includes induction of novel Th1‐cell populations that have not been previously described in humans.
Energy addiction and lymphocyte differentiation: A new role for the liver kinase B1 kinase
Authors: Aifantis Iannis , Sawai Catherine 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLymphocyte development is a process in which proliferation is coupled to differentiation. In order to undergo efficient proliferation, lymphocytes must coordinate the entry into cell cycle with increased metabolism. The signaling pathways, like those downstream of antigen and cytokine receptors, and specific regulators that directly control cell metabolism are only beginning to be defined. A study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, demonstrates that the liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a regulator of cellular metabolism. Deficiency in LKB1 results in a block in T‐cell differentiation, increased apoptosis, as well as impaired survival of mature T cells. This study highlights the importance of LKB1 in T‐cell development and function, but as discussed in this Commentary, a number of intriguing questions concerning the regulation and additional functions of LKB1 remain.
Stable Selenenium Cations: Unusual Reactivity and Excellent Glutathione Peroxidase‐Like Activity
Authors: Singh Vijay P. , Singh Harkesh B. , Butcher Ray J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe syntheses of the three selenenium cations 17–19 derived from N‐[n‐butyl‐(3‐nitrobenzylimino)]phenyl selenide (14) are described. Precursor 14 was synthesized by treating N‐(2‐bromo‐3‐nitrobenzylimino)benzene (12) with in situ generated nBuSeNa. The selenenium cation 17 with chloride as counteranion was isolated when 14 was treated with sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) in the presence of triethylamine (Et3N). The selenenium cations with bromide (18) and tribromide (19) as counteranions, were synthesized by treating 14 with Br2 in the presence of Et3N. Reaction of 19 with thiophenol afforded two unexpected products: the cyclic diselenide 20 and the bicyclic selenide 21. Oxidation of 18 with hydrogen peroxide afforded the ebselen derivative, 2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐7‐nitro‐1,2‐benzisoselenazol(2H)‐3‐one Se‐oxide (22). The presence of nonbonding Se···O/Se–N intramolecular interactions in 18 and 19 have been confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray studies. Glutathione peroxidase‐like antioxidant activities of 17–19 and related compounds have been determined by the coupled reductase assay. It is proved that the high GPx‐like activities of cations involve the formation of corresponding intermediate selenoxide in the catalytic cycle. The isolated selenoxide 22 shows the highest GPx‐like activity among the series of compounds. The compounds have been further investigated by density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP level of theory using the 6‐31+G(d) basis set to identify nonbonding Se···O/N interactions. The second perturbation energy was obtained through natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and NBO charges were calculated to ascertain the positive charge at the selenium atom. Nucleus‐independent chemical shifts (NICS) calculations have also been carried out.
N‐Phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazoline‐3,5‐dione (PTAD) as a Dienophilic Dinitrogen Equivalent: A Simple Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐1,2,4‐benzotriazines from Arylcarbodiimides
Authors: Alajarin Mateo , Bonillo Baltasar , Marin‐Luna Marta , Sanchez‐Andrada Pilar , Vidal Angel 
Published: December 2009

AbstractN‐Arylcarbodiimides react with PTAD to provide [1,2,4]triazolo[1,2‐a][1,2,4]benzotriazines by a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. When asymmetrically substituted diarylcarbodiimides are used, the cycloaddition proceeds with total chemoselectivity because only the more electron‐rich aryl nucleus is involved. This observation has been rationalized by a computational study using DFT methods that shows that, in the reaction of HTAD with arylcarbodiimides, the magnitude of the energy barriers depend on the electronic features of the substituents at the aryl nucleus; the calculations also indicate that the reaction proceeds through asynchronous states with polar characteristics. The treatment of the final cycloadducts with potassium hydroxide affords 3‐aryl(alkyl)amino‐1,2,4‐benzotriazines.
CuI‐Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Intramolecular i‐to‐(i+4) Side‐Chain‐to‐Side‐Chain Cyclization Promotes the Formation of Helix‐Like Secondary Structures
Authors: Scrima Mario , Le Chevalier‐Isaad Alexandra , Rovero Paolo , Papini Anna Maria , Chorev Michael , D'Ursi Anna Maria 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA solid‐phase assembly of model peptides derived from human parathyroid hormone‐related protein (11–19) containing ω‐azido‐ and ω‐yl‐α‐amino acid residues in positions i and i+4 was cyclised in solution by an intramolecular CuI‐catalyzed azide–alkyne 1,3‐dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition. These series of heterodetic cyclo‐nonapeptides varied in the size of the disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazolyl‐containing bridge, the location and the orientation of the 1,2,3‐triazolyl moiety within the bridge. The 1,2,3‐triazolyl moiety, presented at either 1,4‐ or 4,1‐orientation, is flanked by side chains containing 1–4 CH2 groups that result in bridges comprised from 4–7 CH2 groups connecting residues 13 and 17. Comprehensive conformational analysis employing CD, NMR and molecular dynamics reveals the conformational propensities of these heterodetic cyclo‐nonapeptides. Cyclo‐nonapeptides containing either the 7 methylene bridge (VII and VIII) or the 4 methylene bridge (II) are unstructured in structure‐promoting solvent. Cyclo‐nonapeptide I in which the 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazolyl is flanked by 3 and 1 CH2 groups in proximity to the respective residues 13 and 17, is stabilized in a non‐canonical structure. All the other heterodetic cyclo‐nonapeptides (III–VI) in which the 1,2,3‐triazolyl is flanked by a total of 5 or 6 CH2 groups nicely accommodate α‐helical structures and reproduce very closely the helical structure stabilized by the analogous cyclo‐nonapeptide in which Lys13 and Asp17 are bridged by the isosteric lactam. These studies suggest that the bioorthogonal i‐to‐(i+4) side‐chain‐to‐side‐chain cyclization via the prototypic “click reaction” offers a new and powerful approach for generating stable helix mimetic structures.
The SRI24 multichannel atlas of normal adult human brain structure
Authors: Rohlfing Torsten , Zahr Natalie M. , Sullivan Edith V. , Pfefferbaum Adolf 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article describes the SRI24 atlas, a new standard reference system of normal human brain anatomy, that was created using template‐free population registration of high‐resolution magnetic resonance images acquired at 3T in a group of 24 normal control subjects. The atlas comprises anatomical channels (T1, T2, and proton density weighted), diffusion‐related channels (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, longitudinal diffusivity, mean diffusion‐weighted image), tissue channels (CSF probability, gray matter probability, white matter probability, tissue labels), and two cortical parcellation maps. The SRI24 atlas enables multichannel atlas‐to‐subject image registration. It is uniquely versatile in that it is equally suited for the two fundamentally different atlas applications: label propagation and spatial normalization. Label propagation, herein demonstrated using diffusion tensor image fiber tracking, is enabled by the increased sharpness of the SRI24 atlas compared with other available atlases. Spatial normalization, herein demonstrated using data from a young–old group comparison study, is enabled by its unbiased average population shape property. For both propagation and normalization, we also report the results of quantitative comparisons with seven other published atlases: Colin27, MNI152, ICBM452 (warp5 and air12), and LPBA40 (SPM5, FLIRT, AIR). Our results suggest that the SRI24 atlas, although based on 3T MR data, allows equally accurate spatial normalization of data acquired at 1.5T as the comparison atlases, all of which are based on 1.5T data. Furthermore, the SRI24 atlas is as suitable for label propagation as the comparison atlases and detailed enough to allow delineation of anatomical structures for this purpose directly in the atlas. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semiblind spatial ICA of fMRI using spatial constraints
Authors: Lin Qiu‐Hua , Liu Jingyu , Zheng Yong‐Rui , Liang Hualou , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIndependent component analysis (ICA) utilizing prior information, also called semiblind ICA, has demonstrated considerable promise in the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). So far, temporal information about fMRI has been used in temporal ICA or spatial ICA as additional constraints to improve estimation of task‐related components. Considering that prior information about spatial patterns is also available, a semiblind spatial ICA algorithm utilizing the spatial information was proposed within the framework of constrained ICA with fixed‐point learning. The proposed approach was first tested with synthetic fMRI‐like data, and then was applied to real fMRI data from 11 subjects performing a visuomotor task. Three components of interest including two task‐related components and the “default mode” component were automatically extracted, and atlas‐defined masks were used as the spatial constraints. The default mode network, a set of regions that appear correlated in particular in the absence of tasks or external stimuli and is of increasing interest in fMRI studies, was found to be greatly improved when incorporating spatial prior information. Results from simulation and real fMRI data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can improve ICA performance compared to a different semiblind ICA algorithm and a standard blind ICA algorithm. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrative molecular characterization of head and neck cancer cell model genomes
Authors: Tsui Ivy F. L. , Garnis Cathie 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground.Cell lines are invaluable model systems for the investigation of cancer. Knowledge of the molecular alterations that exist within cell models is required to define the mechanisms governing cellular phenotypes.Methods.Five tongue squamous cell carcinomas cell lines and 1 submaxillary salivary gland epidermoid carcinoma cell line were analyzed for copy number and mRNA expression by tiling‐path DNA microarrays and Agilent Whole Human Genome Oligoarrays, respectively.Results.Integrative analysis of genetic and expression alterations revealed the molecular landscape of each cell line. Molecular results for individual cell lines and across all samples have been summarized and made available for easy reference.Conclusion.Our integrative genomic analyses have defined the DNA and RNA alterations for each individual line. These data will be useful to anyone modeling oral cancer behavior, providing a molecular context that will be useful for deciphering cell phenotypes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Evidence of heterogeneity within colorectal liver metastases for allelic losses, mRNA level expression and in vitro response to chemotherapeutic agents
Authors: Goasguen Nicolas , de Chaisemartin Cecile , Brouquet Antoine , Julié Catherine , Prevost Gregoire P. , Laurent‐Puig Pierre , Penna Christophe 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA goal of oncology is to predict chemosensitivity of tumors. This approach assumes that in a patient all tumor deposits are homogeneous. We have tested the heterogeneity between several samples of the same liver metastasis (LM; intrametastatic heterogeneity) or between multiple LM (intermetastatic heterogeneity) from colorectal cancer in a single patient. In 16 untreated patients, several fragments of LM and nontumorous liver were collected. Heterogeneity to anticancer drug treatment was assessed in vitro on primary tissue cultures on poly‐HEMA‐coated surface with or without the topoisomerase‐I inhibitor metabolite SN‐38. Heterogeneity of response to SN‐38 was observed in 55% of cases from one fragment to another in the same LM and in 64% of cases from one LM to another in the same patient. Allelic losses were characterized on 5q, 8p, 17p, 18q, 22q using 29 microsatellites markers. Seven patients (58%) had a perfect homogeneity for allelic losses in their LM whereas 3 (21%) had intrametastatic and 2 (18%) had intermetastatic heterogeneity. The analysis of gene expression was carried out by real time RT‐PCR quantification using specific probes for TS, TOPO1, ERCC1, and CES2. Level expression of genes tested appeared heterogeneous with average variations of 57(±23)%, 52(±18)%, 53(±18)%, 56(±16)% for TS, TOPO1, ERCC1, and CES2 respectively for intermetastatic variability and 47(±26)%, 36(±14)%, 38(±19)%, and 56(±29)%, respectively for intrametastatic variability. Our results demonstrate intermetastatic and intrametastatic heterogeneity suggesting that pretherapeutic analysis of a single tumor biopsy is likely to lead to a misinterpretation of sensitivity to anticancer treatment.
Fast determination of the optimal rotational matrix for macromolecular superpositions
Authors: Liu Pu , Agrafiotis Dimitris K. , Theobald Douglas L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractFinding the rotational matrix that minimizes the sum of squared deviations between two vectors is an important problem in bioinformatics and crystallography. Traditional algorithms involve the inversion or decomposition of a 3 × 3 or 4 × 4 matrix, which can be computationally expensive and numerically unstable in certain cases. Here, we present a simple and robust algorithm to rapidly determine the optimal rotation using a Newton‐Raphson quaternion‐based method and an adjoint matrix. Our method is at least an order of magnitude more efficient than conventional inversion/decomposition methods, and it should be particularly useful for high‐throughput analyses of molecular conformations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
The effect of dietary Laminaria‐derived laminarin and fucoidan on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilisation, intestinal microflora and volatile fatty acid concentration in pigs
Authors: Lynch Mary B , Sweeney Torres , Callan James J , O'Sullivan John T , O'Doherty John V 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In experiment 1, 30 boars were assigned to one of five treatments (n = 6): T1, 0 g kg−1 seaweed extract (SWE); T2, 0.7 g kg−1 SWE; T3, 1.4 g kg−1 SWE; T4, 2.8 g kg−1 SWE and T5, 5.6 g kg−1 SWE. The extract contained laminarin and fucoidan only and was extracted from Laminaria spp. In experiment 2, 28 boars were assigned, in a 2 × 2 factorial to one of four treatments (n = 7): T1, control; T2, control plus 300 mg laminarin; T3, control plus 240 mg fucoidan; T4, control plus 300 mg laminarin and 240 mg fucoidan kg−1 diet.RESULTS: In experiment 1 there was a response to SWE on colonic Bifidobacterium spp. (P < 0.01 quadratic), Enterobacterium spp. (quadratic P < 0.05) and on caecal Enterobacterium spp. (quadratic P < 0.05). In experiment 2 there was an interaction (P < 0.05) between laminarin and fucoidan supplementation on Enterobacterium spp. in the proximal and distal colon. Pigs offered laminarin had reduced Enterobacterium spp. compared with pigs offered the control diet. However, the combination of laminarin and fucoidan had increased Enterobacterium spp. compared with alone. Pigs offered diets containing fucoidan had increased Lactobacilli spp. in the proximal colon (P < 0.05) and distal colon (P < 0.001) compared with non‐fucoidan diets.CONCLUSION: Overall, the reductions in intestinal Enterobacterium spp. and increases in Lactobacilli spp. obtained suggest that laminarin and fucoidan may provide a dietary means to improve gut health in pigs. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Renal ablative therapy: Radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation
Authors: Raman Jay D. , Hall David W. , Cadeddu Jeffrey A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWidespread use of cross‐sectional imaging has contributed to an increase in diagnosis of small renal masses. While extirpation has historically been the “gold standard” for managing such tumors, thermal ablation is increasingly utilized as primary surgical therapy. Contemporary series suggest that ablative procedures maintain oncologic outcomes similar to extirpation while minimizing patient morbidity. As more renal masses are diagnosed in elderly or comorbid patients, ablation will likely assume a central role in management strategies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:639–644. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mammographic casting‐type calcifications is not a prognostic factor in unifocal small invasive breast cancer: A population‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Månsson Emeli , Bergkvist Leif , Christenson Gunilla , Persson Carina , Wärnberg Fredrik 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe role of mammographic casting‐type microcalcifications as a prognostic factor in breast cancer has been debated. We studied the relation between mammographic features and prognosis in a population‐based cohort.MethodsIn 515 women with 1–15 mm invasive breast cancer mammogrammes were re‐classified according to Tabar et al. The relation to breast cancer death was studied.ResultsDuring the follow‐up (median 155 months) 44 of 515 women died from breast cancer. Twenty‐nine of 515 presented with casting‐type calcifications and three of these died from breast cancer. The adjusted odds ratio for breast cancer death was 1.6 (0.5–5.8) for patients presenting with casting‐type calcifications and 4.8 (1.8–12.7) for crushed stone‐like (pleomorphic) calcifications using stellate tumors as a reference group.ConclusionsExcept for patients with crushed stone‐like microcalcifications breast cancer survival was excellent, 87–95% after 15 years. Casting‐type calcifications were not a statistically significant prognostic factor. Tumors with casting‐type calcifications were more often of high grade, hormone receptor negative, and HER2 positive but this was not statistically significant either. However, microcalcifications may be more prevalent in tumors with extensive ductal cancer in situ (DCIS) containing multiple foci of invasive cancer and in this study we only included unifocal cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:670–674. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.