bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of indole‐3‐carbinol on ethanol‐induced liver injury and acetaldehyde‐stimulated hepatic stellate cells activation using precision‐cut rat liver slices
Authors: Guo Yu , Wu Xiao‐Qian , Zhang Chun , Liao Zhang‐Xiu , Wu Yong , Xia Zheng‐Yuan , Wang Hui 
Published: September 2010

Summary1. Indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a major indole compound found in high levels in cruciferous vegetables, shows a broad spectrum of biological activities. However, few studies have reported the effect of I3C on alcoholic liver injury. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of I3C on acute ethanol‐induced hepatotoxicity and acetaldehyde‐stimulated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation using precision‐cut liver slices (PCLS).2. Rat PCLS were incubated with 50 mmol/L ethanol or 350 μmol/L acetaldehyde, and different concentrations (100–400 μmol/L) of I3C were added into the culture system of these two liver injury models, respectively. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by measuring enzyme leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in tissue. Activities of alcoholic enzymes were also determined. α‐Smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), transforming growth factor (TGF‐β1) and hydroxyproline (HYP) were used as indices to evaluate the activation of HSC. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP‐1) were observed to estimate collagen degradation.3. I3C significantly reduced the enzyme leakage in ethanol‐treated slices. In I3C groups, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1 activities were inhibited by 40.9–51.8%, whereas alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was enhanced 1.6‐fold compared with the ethanol‐treated group. I3C also showed an inhibitory effect against HSC activation and collagen production stimulated by acetaldehyde. After being incubated with I3C (400 μmol/L), the expression of MMP‐1 was markedly enhanced, whereas TIMP‐1 was decreased.4. These results showed that I3C protected PCLS against alcoholic liver injury, which might be associated with the regulation of ethanol metabolic enzymes, attenuation of oxidative injury and acceleration of collagen degradation.
Abnormal cardiac repolarization in anabolic androgenic steroid users carrying out submaximal exercise testing
Authors: Maior Alex S , Menezes Pedro , Pedrosa Roberto C , Carvalho Denise P , Soares Pedro Paulo , Nascimento Jose Hamilton M 
Published: September 2010

Summary1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse by comparing the electrocardiographic parameters before and after submaximal exercise between AAS users and non‐AAS users.2. A total of 22 men who regularly engaged in both resistance and aerobic exercise at fitness academies volunteered for the study (control group: n = 11, age 25 ± 4 years; AAS group: n = 11, age 27 ± 5 years). All subjects were submitted to submaximal exercise testing using an Astrand–Rhyming protocol. Heart rate and electrocardiography parameters were measured at rest and at the third minute of the post‐exercise recovery time.3. AAS users presented higher QTc and QTd at rest (10% and 55%, respectively) and at the post‐exercise period (17% and 43%, respectively), compared with control subjects. The maximal and minimum QTc interval of the AAS group was significantly prolonged at the post‐exercise period (12% and 15%, respectively). The haemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). The AAS group showed a lower heart rate recovery at the first minute after the test (P = 0.0001), and a higher exertion score (P < 0.0001) at a lower workload, compared with the control group.4. Our results show that the QTc interval and dispersion are increased in individuals who abuse AAS, suggesting the presence of ventricular repolarization abnormalities that could potentially increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Similar renoprotection after renin‐angiotensin‐dependent and ‐independent antihypertensive therapy in 5/6‐nephrectomized Ren‐2 transgenic rats: are there blood pressure‐independent effects?
Authors: Kujal Petr , Chábová Věra Čertíková , Vernerová Zdenka , Walkowska Agnieszka , Kompanowska‐Jezierska Elzbieta , Sadowski Janusz , Vaňourková Zdeňka , Husková Zuzana , Opočenský Martin , Škaroupková Petra , Schejbalová Stanislava , Kramer Herbert J , Rakušan Dan , Malý Jan , Netuka Ivan , Vaněčková Ivana , Kopkan Libor , Červenka Luděk 
Published: September 2010

Summary1. Hypertension plays a critical role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD), but it has also been postulated that antihypertensive drugs that block the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) show class‐specific renoprotective actions beyond their blood pressure (BP)‐lowering effects.2. Because this notion has recently been questioned, in the present study we compared the effects of a RAS‐dependent antihypertensive therapy (a combination of trandolapril, an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and losartan, an angiotensin‐II (AngII) receptor subtype 1A receptor antagonist) with a ‘RAS‐independent’ antihypertensive therapy (a combination of labetalol, an alfa‐ and beta‐adrenoreceptor antagonist with the diuretics, hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide) on the progression of CKD after 5/6 renal ablation (5/6 NX) in Ren‐2 renin transgenic rats (TGR), a model of AngII‐dependent hypertension. Normotensive transgene‐negative Hannover Sprague–Dawley (HanSD) rats after 5/6 NX served as controls.3. RAS‐dependent and ‐independent antihypertensive therapies normalized BP and survival rate, and prevented the development of cardiac hypertrophy and glomerulosclerosis to the same degree in 5/6 NX HanSD rats and in 5/6 NX TGR. The present findings show that renoprotection, at least in rats after 5/6 NX, is predominantly BP‐dependent. When equal lowering of BP was achieved, leading to normotension, cardio‐ and renoprotective effects were equivalent irrespective of the type of antihypertensive therapy.4. These findings should be taken into consideration in attempts to develop new therapeutic approaches and strategies aimed to prevent the progression of CKD and to lower the incidence of ESRD.
Aldolase A‐HBsAg interaction and its effect on ultraviolet radiation induced apoptosis in 293FT cells
Authors: Pan Jin‐Shui , Zhou Fei , Xie Chen‐Xi , Cai Jia‐Yan , Chen Jian‐Min , Zhang Zhi‐Ping , Dong Jing , Xu Hong‐Zhi , Shi Hua‐Xiu , Ren Jian‐Lin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses great challenges to humans, claiming one million lives annually worldwide. Solid data have related HBV to hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:  In the present research, we verified the interaction between surface protein (HBs) encoded by HBV and aldolase A (ALDA) using yeast two‐hybrid, mammalian two‐hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation, GST pull‐down and laser scanning confocal.Results:  Anti‐ALDA antibody precipitated Gal4‐HBs fusion protein in the presence of HBs. Anti‐HBs antibody precipitated p65ΔN‐ALDA only in the presence of ALDA. Small HBs could be pulled down by GST‐ALDA. Cells transfected with pCMV‐AD‐ALDA showed a protection from ultraviolet radiation‐induced apoptosis (21.3% ± 1.3% for ALDA, 35.4% ± 2.1% for control, P < 0.05).Conclusions:  An interaction does exist between ALDA and HBs. The S region within HBs is sufficient for binding ALDA. In addition, ALDA conferred protection to ultraviolet radiation‐induced apoptosis, and this effect was enhanced by the interaction between HBs and ALDA.
Prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus in north India
Authors: Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Kochhar Rakesh , Bhansali Anil , Dutta Usha , Kumar Padala R , Poornachandra Kuchhangi S , Vaiphei Kim , Nain Chander K , Singh Kartar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  There is scanty data on the occurrence of celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in South Asia. Our aim was to study the prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care referral centre in north India.Methods:  Consecutive patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus attending the Endocrine clinic of our institute between January 2002 and December 2008 were screened using anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTGAb), and those positive were subjected to duodenal biopsy. Clinical profile of these patients was recorded.Results:  Out of 189 patients of type 1 diabetes mellitus, 21 (11.1%) were diagnosed to have celiac disease on the basis of positive serology (tTGAb) and duodenal histology. The mean age at diagnosis of diabetes was 10.81 ± 7.3 years and that of celiac disease was 13.74 ± 5.71 years, with a difference of 5.18 ± 4.75 years between the two. Only 2/21 patients with celiac disease had been diagnosed before detection of diabetes mellitus. Short stature was the commonest (52.3%) manifestation of celiac disease, followed by anemia (47.3), weight loss (42.8%), diarrhea (28.6%) and abdominal pain (14.2%). After initiating gluten free diet, 14/16 symptomatic patients had reversal of anemia, weight loss and diarrhea. Growth rate velocity improved from 2.3 ± 1.0 cm/year to 5.5 ± 2.4 cm/year in those with short stature.Conclusion:  Celiac disease is highly prevalent in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (11.1%) and majority of them (90.5%) were diagnosed on screening. Routine screening is required for early diagnosis and combat associated co‐morbidities.
Morphologic classification of microvessels in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with the prognosis after resection
Authors: Chen Zhi Y , Wei Wei , Guo Zhi X , Lin Jia R , Shi Ming , Guo Rong P 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The relationship between neovasculature in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the prognosis of patients still remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of morphologic features of the microvessels in patients with HCC after resection.Methods:  The paraffin‐embedding specimens of 98 consecutive HCC patients, who received primary resection between 2000 and 2002, were collected from our prospective established tumor bank. The intratumoral microvessels were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for CD31 and CD34. The disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model.Results:  There are two distinct microvessel types: capillary‐like and sinusoid‐like were identified in tumor tissues. The patients could be divided into two groups according to their microvessel types. Both DFS and OS of capillary group patients (n = 65) were better than those of sinusoid group patients (n = 33). Multivariate analyses showed that the microvessel type was an independent risk factor for DFS (P = 0.016) and OS (P = 0.004) of this cohort. Capillary‐like microvessels were more common in small HCC, and were significantly associated with higher microvessel density, while sinusoid‐like microvessels were significantly correlated with lower microvessel density.Conclusions:  The results of our study suggested that the microvessel type is an effective predictor of survival in patients with HCC after resection, which might serve as potential novel therapeutic targets for prevention of the recurrence of HCC after resection.
Emerging roles of microRNA in the intracellular signaling networks of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Law Priscilla T‐Y , Wong Nathalie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs of 19–23 nucleotides that negatively regulate gene expression through binding to the 3′‐untranslated regions of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Although the miRNA family constitutes only a minor fraction of the human genome, they hold fundamental importance in diverse physiological and developmental processes due to their pleiotropic effects on the post‐transcriptional regulation of many vital genes. This class of regulatory RNAs has also emerged as important players in carcinogenesis; most, if not all, cancer types have abnormal miRNA expression patterns. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), miRNA dysregulation plays a key role in mediating the pathogenicity of several etiologic risk factors and, more importantly, they promote a number of cancer‐inducing signaling pathways. Recent studies have also demonstrated their potential values in the clinical management of HCC patients as some miRNAs may be used as prognostic or diagnostic markers. The significance of miRNAs in liver carcinogenesis emphasizes their values as therapeutic targets, while technological advances in the delivery of miRNA has shed new possibilities for their use as novel therapeutic agents against HCC.
Significance of hepatitis B virus genotypes and mutations in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia
Authors: Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAdvances in molecular biology technology in the last two decades have allowed detailed study of the viral mutations and genomic heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus (HBV). The first mutant discovered was precore stop codon mutation. It was reported in HBeAg‐negative patients and initially thought to associate with fulminant hepatitis. Subsequent studies have suggested that it is merely one of the mechanisms of losing HBeAg by the virus. Another mutation that can downregulate the production of HBeAg is the basal core promoter mutation, which is located in the X gene upstream of the precore region. Based on the configuration of codon 15 and the stability of the epsilon of the precore region, these two mutants will be differentially selected during the course of HBeAg seroconversion. The most common HBV genotypes in South‐East Asia are genotype B and C HBV. The higher hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk of genotype C HBV has been confirmed by longitudinal studies in Hong Kong and Taiwan. One possible carcinogenic mechanism is its association with basal core promoter mutation, which has also been found to be a risk factor of HCC. Within genotype C HBV, subgenotype Cs is predominant in South‐East Asia and subgenotype Ce is predominant in East Asia. Subgenotype Ce HBV has been found to have the highest risk of HCC as compared with subgenotype Cs or genotype B HBV. The understanding of the carcinogenic mechanisms of these HBV strains may shed light into future therapeutics in the prevention and treatment of HBV‐related HCC.
The various lifestyles of the Burkholderia cepacia complex species: a tribute to adaptation
Authors: Vial Ludovic , Chapalain Annelise , Groleau Marie‐Christine , Déziel Eric 
Published: September 2010

SummaryThe Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is composed of 17 closely related species. These bacteria are widely but heterogeneously distributed in the natural environment, such as soil, water and rhizosphere. Bcc strains are able to colonize various ecological niches by adopting versatile lifestyles, including saprophytism and (positive or deleterious) association with eukaryotic cells. Bcc strains have proven to be very efficient in biocontrol, plant growth promotion and bioremediation. However, they also are important opportunistic pathogens that can cause severe respiratory infections among individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease. Therefore, considering that the distinction between plant beneficial and clinical strains is not obvious, biotechnological applications of Bcc strains are currently not allowed. This minireview provides an overview of the wide range of lifestyles that Bcc bacteria can adopt, leading to glimpses into their tremendous adaptation potential and highlighting remaining questions concerning potential implicated mechanisms.
How can we predict lymphorrhoea and clinically significant lymphocoeles after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy? Clinical implications
Authors: Capitanio Umberto , Pellucchi Federico , Gallina Andrea , Briganti Alberto , Suardi Nazareno , Salonia Andrea , Abdollah Firas , Di Trapani Ettore , Jeldres Claudio , Cestari Andrea , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVE

To identify clinical and pathological variables that may help clinicians in predicting, preventing and managing lymphorrhoea and clinically significant lymphocoeles (CSL), which are reported complications after pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND) and retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We prospectively analysed 552 consecutive men with prostate cancer who underwent RRP and PLND (2006–2008).
All patients had detailed clinical and pathological data prospectively recorded in an electronic database. Drains were removed when the amount of lymph was <20 mL in the previous 24 h. A CSL was defined as the presence of a symptomatic lymphocoele requiring treatment. Lymphorrhoea was defined as the total amount of lymph drained by the drains until their removal.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to test the association between all the predictors (age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, prostate volume, clinical stage, number of LNs removed, surgeon, pathological T and N stage) and the presence of CSL.
Univariable and multivariable linear regression models were also used to test the association between the available predictors and lymphorrhoea.

RESULTS

The median (range) number of LNs removed was 20 (1–63). Both linear and logistic multivariable regression analysis showed that the number of removed LNs and age were the only two statistically significant predictors of total amount of lymphorrhoea and CSL after RRP and PLND (both P < 0.01).
Specifically, the risk of developing a CSL increased by 5% for every LN removed. Similarly, every year of age increased the risk of having CSL by 5%.
The most informative thresholds for predicting CSL were 65 years of age and 20 LNs removed.
External iliac lymphadenectomy resulted in a higher associated risk of lymphorrhoea and CLS relative to obturator LN removal (P= 0.001 vs P= 0.1, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

There was a positive association between the number of LNs removed and age at RRP with the amount of lymphorrhoea and the risk of developing a CSL.
The most informative thresholds in predicting CSL were 65 years of age and 20 LNs removed. External iliac lymphadenectomy resulted in a higher risk of lymphorrhoea and CLS relative to obturator LN removal.
Factors associated with surgery in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus
Authors: Whitson Jared M. , Reese Adam C. , Meng Maxwell V. 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? This is the first published report which is an in‐depth analysis of factors associated with surgery versus non‐operative management in patients with renal cell carcinoma and venous tumour thrombus.OBJECTIVE• Venous tumour thrombus is common in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although surgical morbidity has decreased with time, nephrectomy with caval thrombectomy remains a high‐risk procedure and may not be performed in all patients with this condition. Little is known about the factors influencing the decision to pursue surgery versus conservative management in patients with RCC and venous tumour thrombus.MATERIALS AND METHODS• The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify study patients with RCC and venous tumour thrombus.• Multiple clinical, pathological and sociodemographic variables were assessed.• Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with surgery.RESULTS• We identified 24 396 patients with RCC, of which 2265 (9.3%) had venous tumour thrombus.• Distant metastases (odds ratio [OR] 0.1, 95% CI 0.0–0.1), clinical stage T3c (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.6), lymph node involvement (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.6), being single (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.7), and the age categories 61–70 years (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8, P= 0.01), 71–80 years (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.3, P < 0.001), and ≥80 years (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0–0.1, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with non‐surgical management.CONCLUSIONS• In this population‐based study, over 80% of patients with RCC and venous tumour thrombus underwent surgical management.• Although age and TNM stage were strongly associated with the decision to undergo surgery, marital status was also associated with treatment choice.• It is unclear whether marital status affects oncological outcomes or complication rates so the reasons behind this association deserve further investigation.
‘Mohs surgery of the prostate’: the utility of in situ frozen section analysis during robotic prostatectomy
Authors: Lavery Hugh J. , Xiao Guang–Qian , Nabizada‐Pace Fatima , Mikulasovich Michael , Unger Pamela , Samadi David B. 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Interim result of this study had shown promising efficacy, with response rate of 14.7% and median PFS of 7.4 months, and good tolerability in previously‐treatedJapanese metastatic RCC patients.The final result of the study adds:

The median overall survival in Japanese metastatic RCC patients was 25.3 months, which is longer than that in the Treatment Approaches in Renal Cancer Global Evaluation Trial (TARGET).
The response rate elevated from 14.7% to 19.4% because of 6 late responders achieved after 9.2 months or longer of SD period.
Neither unknown adverse events nor cumulative toxicity was observed in the long‐term use of sorafenib.

OBJECTIVE • To evaluate a novel technique to lower positive surgical margin rates while preserving as much of the neurovascular bundles as possible during nerve‐sparing robotic prostatectomy.MATERIALS AND METHODS • In situ intraoperative frozen section (IFS) was performed during robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) when there was macroscopic concern for a positive margin or residual prostate tissue.• When IFS was positive, additional sections were taken from the same area until the IFS was negative, similar to the procedure of Mohs micrographic surgery.• Positive surgical margin and biochemical recurrence rates were compared between the patients who underwent IFS and those who did not.RESULTS • Of 970 patients consecutively undergoing RALP at a single institution, IFS was performed on 177 (18%).• Eleven patients (6%) had IFS positive for carcinoma, whereas another 25 (14%) had benign prostatic tissue in the IFS specimen.• IFS and non‐IFS patients had similar pathological and nerve‐sparing characteristics.• The IFS group had significantly lower rates of positive surgical margins, 7% vs 18% (P= 0.001) but similar rates of biochemical recurrence (5%) at a median follow‐up of 11 months.CONCLUSIONS • In situ IFS is an effective way of reducing positive margins during RALP.• Twenty percent of patients who underwent IFS, representing 4% of the overall RALP population, had either malignant or benign prostate tissue removed from their prostatic fossa.• Although a reduction of biochemical recurrence was not demonstrated, the follow‐up is short and a difference may become apparent as the data mature.