bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method of detecting patterns in mean lengths of samples of discarded fish, applied to the self-sampling programme of the Dutch bottom-trawl fishery
Authors: Uhlmann Sebastian S. , Bierman Stijn M. , van Helmond Aloysius T. M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Uhlmann, S. S., Bierman, S. M., and van Helmond, A. T. M. 2011. A method of detecting patterns in mean lengths of samples of discarded fish, applied to the self-sampling programme of the Dutch bottom-trawl fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1712–1718. In 2009, a self-sampling programme was organized in the Netherlands, fishers sampling ca. 80 kg of discards from randomly selected bottom trawls in the North Sea. A statistical procedure is proposed to highlight samples, trips (with multiple samples), or vessels (which may have multiple trips within a year) where extreme mean lengths of discarded fish were observed. Randomization methods were used to test for evidence of non-randomness in patterns of highlighted discard samples, e.g. repeated observations of extreme mean lengths for consecutive discard samples across trips from the same vessel. European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), common dab (Limanda limanda), grey gurnard (Eutrigla gurnardus), and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) were considered because these were the most abundant species in most of the discard samples. A linear mixed model was used to estimate random-sample effects on the estimated mean lengths by species. These random effects were incorporated into uni- and bivariate procedures to identify extreme samples that were summed for each vessel, and the probability of observing such numbers was estimated. Excluding these samples from the dataset had marginal effects on estimated size distributions of fish.
Sporisorium reilianumInfection Changes Inflorescence and Branching Architectures of Maize
Authors: Ghareeb Hassan , Becker Annette , Iven Tim , Feussner Ivo , Schirawski Jan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSporisorium reilianum is a biotrophic maize (Zea mays) pathogen of increasing economic importance. Symptoms become obvious at flowering time, when the fungus causes spore formation and phyllody in the inflorescences. To understand how S. reilianum changes the inflorescence and floral developmental program of its host plant, we investigated the induced morphological and transcriptional alterations. S. reilianum infection promoted the outgrowth of subapical ears, suggesting that fungal presence suppressed apical dominance. Female inflorescences showed two distinct morphologies, here termed “leafy ear” and “eary ear.” In leafy ears, all floral organs were replaced by vegetative organs. In eary ears, modified carpels enclosed a new female inflorescence harboring additional female inflorescences at every spikelet position. Similar changes in meristem fate and organ identity were observed in the tassel of infected plants, which formed male inflorescences at spikelet positions. Thus, S. reilianum triggered a loss of organ and meristem identity and a loss of meristem determinacy in male and female inflorescences and flowers. Microarray analysis showed that these developmental changes were accompanied by transcriptional regulation of genes proposed to regulate floral organ and meristem identity as well as meristem determinacy in maize. S. reilianum colonization also led to a 30% increase in the total auxin content of the inflorescence as well as a dramatic accumulation of reactive oxygen species. We propose a model describing the architectural changes of infected inflorescence as a consequence of transcriptional, hormonal, and redox modulation, which will be the basis for further molecular investigation of the underlying mechanism of S. reilianum-induced alteration of floral development.
AUXIN UP-REGULATED F-BOX PROTEIN1 Regulates the Cross Talk between Auxin Transport and Cytokinin Signaling during Plant Root Growth
Authors: Zheng Xiaohua , Miller Nathan D. , Lewis Daniel R. , Christians Matthew J. , Lee Kwang-Hee , Muday Gloria K. , Spalding Edgar P. , Vierstra Richard D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPlant root development is mediated by the concerted action of the auxin and cytokinin phytohormones, with cytokinin serving as an antagonist of auxin transport. Here, we identify the AUXIN UP-REGULATED F-BOX PROTEIN1 (AUF1) and its potential paralog AUF2 as important positive modifiers of root elongation that tether auxin movements to cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The AUF1 mRNA level in roots is strongly up-regulated by auxin but not by other phytohormones. Whereas the auf1 single and auf1 auf2 double mutant roots grow normally without exogenous auxin and respond similarly to the wild type upon auxin application, their growth is hypersensitive to auxin transport inhibitors, with the mutant roots also having reduced basipetal and acropetal auxin transport. The effects of auf1 on auxin movements may be mediated in part by the misexpression of several PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux proteins, which for PIN2 reduces its abundance on the plasma membrane of root cells. auf1 roots are also hypersensitive to cytokinin and have increased expression of several components of cytokinin signaling. Kinematic analyses of root growth and localization of the cyclin B mitotic marker showed that AUF1 does not affect root cell division but promotes cytokinin-mediated cell expansion in the elongation/differentiation zone. Epistasis analyses implicate the cytokinin regulator ARR1 or its effector(s) as the target of the SKP1-Cullin1-F Box (SCF) ubiquitin ligases assembled with AUF1/2. Given the wide distribution of AUF1/2-type proteins among land plants, we propose that SCFAUF1/2 provides additional cross talk between auxin and cytokinin, which modifies auxin distribution and ultimately root elongation.
Total intravenous anaesthesia
Authors: MORGAN M. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryTotal intravenous anaesthesia is a feasible alternative to the use of inhalational agents and the rationale behind such a technique is presented. The various intravenous agents are discussed, particularly with regard to their suitability for this form of anaesthesia, and their physiological effects compared with those of the inhalational anaesthetics. Some of the problems associated with the use of total intravenous anaesthesia are mentioned.
Profile of etomidate
Authors: WAUQUIER A. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryA review of the hypnotic, anticonvulsant and brain protective action of etomidate in animals shows that when given as a single injection in different animal species recovery from hypnosis is quick and that the safety margin is large. In dogs a bolus or infusion produces high amplitude theta activity on the electroencephalogram (EEC). During infusion burst suppression is seen. After high doses, behaviour and EEG changes returned to normal within 3 hours. The wide spectrum of anticonvulsant activity suggests that etomidate may be useful in the treatment of status epilepticus. Studies in various animal models show that etomidate might have brain resuscitative properties. In hypoxic‐ischaemic conditions etomidate has some protective effects, where its anticonvulsant action is probably important. Lowering of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption, and reducing the rise of intracranial pressure, coupled with immobilisation and prevention of hyperactivity enables animals to resist a hypoxic insult.
Pharmacokinetics as applied to total intravenous anaesthesia
Authors: SCHWILDEN H. , SCHÜTTLER J. , STOEKEL H. 
Published: June 2011

SummarySome theoretical considerations of pharmacokinetics as applied to total intravenous anaesthesia are discussed. The problem is the need to achieve a concentration within the therapeutic range at the receptor site. The use of linear compartment models, and of the superposition principle within these models, is discussed.
Etomidate anaesthesia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver: pharmacokinetic data
Authors: VAN BEEM H. , MANGER F. W. , VAN BOXTEL C. , VAN BENTEM N. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryFive patients undergoing endoscopic injection of oesphageal varices were anaesthetised with etomidate 0.2 mg/kg followed by an infusion at a rate of 20 μg/kg/minute. Fentanyl 100–200 μg was also given intravenously and the patients' lungs were ventilated with oxygen in air. The postinfusion plasma etomidate concentration was described by a three compartment model with a mean half‐life of 540 minutes (SEM 66.9) and volume of distribution of 8.9 litres/kg (SEM 0.6). Clearance was 12.7 ml/kg/minute (SEM 2.3). Compared to results in the literature obtained from normal patients, these cirrhotic patients had normal clearance rates, but the distribution volume and elimination half‐life were twice as great. This suggests that cirrhotic patients metabolise etomidate normally, but the volume of distribution is doubled, thus resulting in prolonged elimination half‐lives.
Maternal depression and perceived social support as predictors of cognitive function trajectories during the first 3 years of life for preterm infants in Wisconsin
Authors: McManus B. M. , Poehlmann J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Among families of infants born preterm, the association between post‐natal depression and children's cognitive function is not well understood, but thought to be compromised. The purpose of this study is to investigate maternal depressive symptoms and perceived social support as predictors of children's cognitive function trajectories.Methods  This is a longitudinal study of a sample of infants born preterm (less than 37 weeks) in Wisconsin. This study includes 130 infants who were hospitalized in one of three Wisconsin neonatal intensive care units in 2002–2005 and followed until 36 months of age. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Social support was measured using the Maternal Support Scale. Children's cognitive function was measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition, and the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale, 5th Edition.Results  Children's cognitive function trajectories declined initially and then increased. Being female (coefficient = 5.14, SE = 1.89) and non‐poor (coefficient = 11.26, SE = 5.78), and having a mother who has a graduate degree (coefficient = 7.67, SE = 3.37) was associated with higher levels of cognition initially. Being white was associated with a more optimal cognitive trajectory. Although depression did not predict children's cognitive trajectories, the presence of clinically elevated depressive symptoms at 9 months post term was associated with lower cognitive functioning at 16 months when mothers reported low social support.Conclusion  Post‐natal depressive symptoms appear to have a meaningful, dynamic influence on the cognitive outcomes of children born preterm, above and beyond family socio‐demographic risk when the presence and timing of perceived social support are considered. Interventions to ameliorate developmental risk associated with preterm birth should include repeated assessments of maternal social support and post‐natal depression and be targeted towards socially disadvantaged families.
The ability to mentally represent action is associated with low motor ability in children: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Gabbard Carl , Caçola Priscila , Bobbio Tatiana 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Theory and anatomical research suggest that the ability to mentally represent intended actions affect level of execution. This study presents preliminary data examining the association between children's ability to mentally represent action and general motor ability.Methods  Children aged 7‐ to 10 years were assessed for motor imagery ability using a simulation of reach task and motor ability via the Movement ABC‐2. Motor ability values, based on percentile rank, ranged from 2 to 91, with a mean of 36.Results  The overall correlation between mental representation and motor ability yielded a moderately positive relationship (r = .39). Interestingly, when looking at motor ability subcategories, only Balance was significant in the model, explaining 20% of the variance.Conclusions  These results provide preliminary evidence that children's motor ability and the ability to mentally represent action are associated in a positive direction. Furthermore, given the results for Balance, we speculate that there are clinical implications regarding work with potentially at‐risk children.
Clinical accuracy of a non‐contact infrared skin thermometer in paediatric practice
Authors: Teran C. G. , Torrez‐Llanos J. , Teran‐Miranda T. E. , Balderrama C. , Shah N. S. , Villarroel P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Rectal thermometry is considered the most reliable method for measuring the temperature in the paediatric population. Recently, a new non‐contact skin infrared thermometer for children was introduced in the market with excellent acceptance by parents.Methods  A prospective, analytical, cross‐sectional study was designed in order to assess the effectiveness of the infrared non‐contact thermometer (Thermofocus) in comparison with two other known methods used to measure body temperature. Children aged 1 to 48 months were included from the emergency room and inpatient unit. All patients selected were assessed with three different thermometers: (1) non‐contact infrared thermometer (Thermofocus); (2) temporal artery thermometer (Exergen); and (3) rectal glass mercury thermometer.Results  Four hundred and thirty‐four patients were eligible to complete the study. One hundred and sixty‐seven were identified with fever. The mean age of the patients studied was 14.6 ± 10.7 months. Both devices were strongly correlated with the rectal temperature: r= 0.950 for Exergen and r= 0.952 for Thermofocus. The mean difference in temperature between the rectal temperature and the non‐contact thermometer was 0.029 ± 0.01°C (P < 0.001), while the mean difference between the temporal artery thermometer and the rectal temperature was −0.20 ± 0.27°C (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for the non‐contact thermometer is 97%. The negative predictive value is 99%, which is especially important to rule out fever and avoid unnecessary laboratory work‐up.Conclusions  The non‐contact infrared thermometer is a reliable, comfortable and accurate option for measurement of temperature and is very useful for the screening of fever in the paediatric population. More studies are recommended to support the evidence found in this study and compare its accuracy with more complex devices.
Investigating the impact of psychosocial risks and occupational stress on psychiatric hospital nurses' mental well‐being in Japan
Authors: LEKA S. , HASSARD J. , YANAGIDA A. 
Published: June 2011

Accessible summary
A high level of work‐related stress was reported by psychiatric nurses (20.8%).
Several work‐related stressors were found to predict poor well‐being among psychiatric nurses (feeling uptight and emotional exhaustion), including high psychological job demands, low level of social support in the workplace, occupational stress and occupational stress paired with low social support.
The current study highlights the importance of examining and addressing work‐related stressors associated with the organization and management of nurses' work in order to promote and protect their health and performance.
In order to protect the mental health of nurses, it is important to implement workplace strategies and policies to prevent occupational stress and high levels of job demands, while promoting a socially supportive environment that will be conducive to nurses' well‐being.
AbstractA cross‐sectional survey was conducted, with the aim to examine what stressors in the workplace and demographic factors were associated with signs and symptoms of poor well‐being among psychiatric nurses. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses within six psychiatric hospitals in Japan. Information was collected on demographic information, work characteristics and two dimensions of well‐being: feeling uptight and emotional exhaustion. Three hundred and sixty‐one questionnaires were completed by participants. High rates of emotional exhaustion in psychiatric nurses were found to be predicted by young age, high psychological demands paired with low social support in the workplace, job strain (a proxy to occupational stress) and job strain paired with low social support. In addition, high rates of being tense/uptight were associated with high psychological job demand, low psychological job control, low social support in the workplace, high job strain and high job strain paired with low social support. The current study has found evidence of significant relationships between demographic factors and several work and organizational stressors and poor mental health among Japanese psychiatric nurses.
Concurrence of alopecia areata and vitiligo at the same anatomical site
Authors: Özcan Deren , Çevlik Aydoğan Filiz 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTBoth alopecia areata and vitiligo are common skin disorders that are considered to be caused by an autoimmune response targeted to hair follicle and melanocyte antigens, respectively. The association of these two diseases in the same patient is well known, however, coexistence of alopecia areata and vitiligo within the same lesion is very rare. Herein, we report an 8‐year‐old boy who had colocalization of alopecia areata and vitiligo on the frontal portion of his scalp.
Methotrexate toxicity presenting as ulcerated psoriatic plaques
Authors: Wong Su‐ming , Chong Yew Thong , Thevarajah Suganthi , Baba Roshidah 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTMethotrexate toxicity is known to cause erosions of existing psoriatic plaques, although rare. We describe two patients who developed painful ulcerated psoriatic plaques as an early presenting sign of methotrexate toxicity and review the risk factors associated with this manifestation.
Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of sweat glands in vulva: Report of an unusual case and review of the literature
Authors: Tang Qiong‐Lan , Jiang Xue‐Feng , Lin Zhong‐Qiu , Li Hai‐gang , Wang Yong‐an , Luo Xin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the vulvar sweat glands is a rare malignancy of the female genital tract. We report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of sweat glands occurring in the left labia majora of a 52‐year‐old female patient. The patient underwent radical hemivulvectomy and left inguinal lymph node dissection with negative surgical margins and negative inguinal lymph node metastasis. Then, four episodes of combined chemotherapy without further radiotherapy were given. However, the tumor recurred after 3 months. Currently, the patient has been followed up for 2 years with no distant metastasis. According to our experience, although the tumor has a high tendency of local recurrence after resection, an acceptable survival time of the patient can be achieved with primary surgery.
Velamentous cord insertion caused by oblique implantation after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Iwasaki Shinji , Matsuoka Ryu , Ichizuka Kiyotake , Sekizawa Akihiko , Okai Takashi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present a case of a 36‐year‐old pregnant female after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Ultrasonographic examination at 8 weeks' gestation revealed umbilical cord insertion with a viable fetus located on the septum membrane of dichorionic twin pregnancy near the anterior wall, while the other fetus was observed to have vanished. Next, this umbilical cord was seen to connect to the anterior wall and the placenta developed on the posterior wall later in the pregnancy. As a result, velamentous cord insertion with long membranous umbilical vessels developed at the time of delivery. The present case indicates that the assessment of the cord insertion site during the early gestation period is very important to predict any abnormality of the cord insertion site at the time of delivery. Furthermore, this case is valuable to understand the pathophysiological development of the placenta and velamentous cord insertion.
Prospective comparison of biopsy results from curettage and hysteroscopy in postmenopausal uterine bleeding
Authors: Lee Dong Ock , Jung Min Hyung , Kim Heung Yeol 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy by dilatation and curettage in postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Material and Methods:  A prospective observational study conducted with 112 consecutive postmenopausal women. Biopsy by dilatation and curettage was immediately followed by hysteroscopic biopsy and the histologic results were compared.Results:  By curettage, although performed under anesthesia, 3/3 (100%) cases of endometrial hyperplasia were reported as normal proliferative endometrium. There were two endometrial cancers (1.8%) and one case was missed as normal endometrium by curettage. Among endometrial polyps, only 3/39 (7.7%) cases were diagnosed by curettage.Conclusions:  In postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding, biopsy by curettage may be not reliable for evaluation of endometrial pathology.
Multi‐locus sequence analysis, taxonomic resolution and biogeography of marine Synechococcus
Authors: Mazard Sophie , Ostrowski Martin , Partensky Frédéric , Scanlan David J. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryConserved markers such as the 16S rRNA gene do not provide sufficient molecular resolution to identify spatially structured populations of marine Synechococcus, or ‘ecotypes’ adapted to distinct ecological niches. Multi‐locus sequence analysis targeting seven ‘core’ genes was employed to taxonomically resolve Synechococcus isolates and correlate previous phylogenetic analyses encompassing a range of markers. Despite the recognized importance of lateral gene transfer in shaping the genomes of marine cyanobacteria, multi‐locus sequence analysis of more than 120 isolates reflects a clonal population structure of major lineages and subgroups. A single core genome locus, petB, encoding the cytochrome b6 subunit of the cytochrome b6f complex, was selected to expand our understanding of the diversity and ecology of marine Synechococcus populations. Environmental petB sequences cloned from contrasting sites highlight numerous genetically and ecologically distinct clusters, some of which represent novel, environmentally abundant clades without cultured representatives. With a view to scaling ecological analyses, the short sequence, taxonomic resolution and accurate automated alignment of petB is ideally suited to high‐throughput and high‐resolution sequencing projects to explore links between the ecology, evolution and biology of marine Synechococcus.
Characterization of the cryptic Escherichia lineages: rapid identification and prevalence
Authors: Clermont Olivier , Gordon David M. , Brisse Sylvain , Walk Seth T. , Denamur Erick 
Published: June 2011

SummaryStrains phenotypically indistinguishable from Escherichia coli and belonging to at least five distinct cryptic lineages, named Escherichia clades I to V, that are genetically divergent from E. coli yet members of the genus have been recently found using multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST). Very few epidemiological data are available on these strains as their detection by MLST is not suitable for large‐scale studies. In this work, we developed a rapid PCR method based on aes and chuA allele‐specific amplifications that assigns a strain a cryptic lineage membership. By screening more than 3500 strains with this approach, we show that the cryptic lineages of Escherichia are unlikely to be detected in human faecal samples (2–3% frequency) and even less likely to be isolated from extra‐intestinal body sites (< 1% frequency). They are more abundant in animal faeces ranging from 3–8% in non‐human mammals to 8–28% in birds. Overall, the strains from the clade V are the most abundant and from the clade II very rare. These results suggest that members of the cryptic clades are unlikely to be of significance to human and health but may influence the use of ‘E. coli’ as an indicator of water quality.