bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of commercially manufactured and compounded protamine zinc insulin
Authors: Scott-Moncrieff J. Catharine R. , Moore George E. , Coe Jasmine , Lynn Randy C. , Gwin Wilson , Petzold Raymond 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate and compare characteristics of a commercially manufactured protamine zinc insulin (PZI) product and PZI products obtained from various compounding pharmacies.
Design—Evaluation study.
Sample—112 vials of PZI (16 vials of the commercially manufactured product and 8 vials from each of 12 compounding pharmacies) purchased over an 8-month period.
Procedures—Validated methods were used to analyze 2 vials of each product at 4 time points. Appearance, endotoxin concentration, crystal size, insulin concentration in the supernatant, pH, total insulin and zinc concentrations, and species of insulin origin were evaluated.
Results—All 16 vials of commercially manufactured PZI met United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. Of 96 vials of compounded PZI, 1 (1 %) contained a concentration of endotoxin > 32 endotoxin U/mL, 23 (24%) had concentrations of insulin in the supernatant > 1.0 U/mL, and 45 (47%) had pH values < 7.1 or > 7.4; all of these values were outside of specifications. Several vials of compounded PZI (52/96 [54%]) did not meet specifications for zinc concentration (0.06 to 0.1 mg/mL for 40 U of insulin/mL, 0.075 to 0.12 mg/mL for 50 U of insulin/mL, and 0.15 to 0.25 mg/mL for 100 U of insulin/mL), and total insulin concentration in 36 [38%] vials was < 90% of the labeled concentration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Only 1 of 12 compounded PZI products met all USP specifications in all vials tested. Use of compounded PZI insulin products could potentially lead to serious problems with glycemic control in veterinary patients.
Physical Therapists Referring Patients to Physicians: A Review of Case Reports and Series
Authors: Boissonnault William G. , Ross Michael D. 
Published: February 2012

Study Design Descriptive. Background An important role for physical therapists in the healthcare delivery system is to recognize when patient referral to a physician or other healthcare provider is indicated. Few studies exist describing physical therapists' evaluative and diagnostic processes leading to patient referral to a physician. Objective To summarize published patient case reports that described physical therapist/patient episodes of care that resulted in the referral of the patient to a physician and a subsequent diagnosis of medical disease. Methods A literature search identified 78 case reports describing physical therapist referral of patients to physicians with subsequent diagnosis of a medical condition. Two evaluators reviewed the cases and summarized (1) how and when patients accessed physical therapy services, (2) timing of patient referral to a physician, (3) resultant medical diagnoses, (4) physical therapists' role in referral of patients for diagnostic testing, and (5) relevant patient symptom description, health history, review of systems, and physical examination findings. Results Fifty-eight (74.4%) of 78 patients had been referred to a physical therapist by their physician, while the remaining 20 patients accessed physical therapy services via direct access. The patients' primary presenting symptoms included pain (n = 60), weakness (n = 4), tingling/numbness (n = 2), or a combination (n = 12). Patient referrals to a physician occurred at the initial physical therapy session in 58 (74.4%) of 78 cases. A majority of patient referrals to a physician (n = 65) were related to primary presenting symptoms, including manifestations inconsistent with physician diagnosis, recent worsening without cause, unusual accompanying symptoms such as fatigue and/or weakness, and inadequate response to treatment. Resultant diagnoses included neuromusculoskeletal disorders (n = 53; fractures and tumors most common), visceral disorders (n = 14; cardiovascular involvement most common), and medication-related disorders (n = 3). Conclusions This review of published patient case reports provides numerous examples of physical therapists using effective multifactorial screening strategies for referred and direct-access patients, leading to timely patient referrals to physicians. The therapist-initiated patient referral to a physician led to subsequent diagnosis of a wide range of conditions and pathological processes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(5):446–454, Epub 25 January 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3890
Prediction of glass transition temperatures of aromatic heterocyclic polymers
Authors: Yu Xinliang , Wang Xueye 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A quantitative structure –property relationship model was constructed to correlate the glass transition temperatures (T
g) of aromatic heterocyclic polymers with four molecular descriptors calculated from the repeating units. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop the model. The data set of 52 polymers was randomly divided into a training set, and a testing set. The training set was used to develop the model, which was evaluated externally using the test set. Even with the diversity of the data set, the optimal model exhibited some predictive power in estimating the T
g, with the mean relative errors of 3.299% (R = 0.963, n = 28) for the training set and 3.064% (R = 0.959, n = 23) for the test set.
Relationship between the γ and some parameters of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses
Authors: Zhang Peilei , Yan Hua , Yao Chengwu , Li Zhuguo , Yu Zhishui , Xu Peiquan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The relationship between γ (T
x/(T
g + T
l)) of Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and three parameters (i. e., electronegativity difference, atomic size parameter and heat of mixing) is studied in this paper. The conclusion can be drawn from the available experimental data in the literature that parameter γ has a close correlation to three parameters in Fe-based BMGs. It can be expressed as follows: γ = 0.40334 − 0.20242 × Δx
2 − 0.1209 × δ2 + 3.7395 × 10−6 × ΔH
2. The function can be obtained by a nonlinear regression analysis program and it can be used to find new Fe-based BMGs alloys.
Prediction of the transverse Young's modulus of unidirectional triangle-section carbon fiber reinforced plastics
Authors: Wang Rongguo , Liu Xin , Liu Wenbo , He Xiaodong , Yang Fan 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In order to research the mechanical behavior of unidirectional triangle-section carbon fiber reinforced plastics (TCFRP), the composite was manufactured using the filament winding process, with a fiber volume fraction of 49.40%, and the transverse Young's modulus of TCFRP was tested. The distribution of triangle-section carbon fibers (TCFs) in the cross-section of TCFRP was investigated by observing and analyzing a lot of micrographs of the composite. By utilizing ANSYS software package and the Halpin–Tsai analytical method, the transverse Young's modulus of six groups models of unidirectional TCFRP with different fiber volume fractions (50.00%; 48.27%; 46.63%; 45.07%; 43.58% and 42.17%) were investigated, and the shape factors in the Halpin–Tsai equations were obtained. Based on the fitting curve, the relationship between the shape factors and fiber volume fractions was expressed as an equation, which could be used to predict the transverse Young's modulus of TCFRP with arbitrary TCFs content. For the TCFRP whose the fiber volume fraction was 49.40%, the prediction of transverse Young's modulus of TCFRP was compared with experimental data and the result shows good agreement.
Lattice dynamics analysis of the thermal properties of liquid iron
Authors: Wang Zenghui , Ni Mingjiu 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this paper, the embedded atom method potential and Johnson potential are applied to calculate the thermal properties of liquid iron with an emphasis on a wide rage of temperatures and pressures. The results show that the liquid iron self-diffusion coefficient increases with increasing temperature and decreases with increasing pressure. The calculated self-diffusion coefficient is in good agreement with Protopapas' hard-sphere model at atmospheric pressure. According to the simulation results, we can get the Arrhenius equation between diffusion coefficient, temperature and activation energy. Increasing pressure enlarges the liquid iron activation energy and reduces the movement of atoms in liquid iron. Liquid iron thermal conductivity is computed using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation and the simulation results are consistent with Pottlacher's experimental results with acceptable uncertainty in the 1535–2700 K temperature range.
Signatures of supercooling: McMurdo Sound platelet ice
Authors: Gough Alexander J. , Mahoney Andrew R. , Langhorne Pat J. , Williams Michael J.M. , Robinson Natalie J. , Haskell Tim G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNear ice shelves around Antarctica the ocean becomes supercooled and has been observed to carry small suspended ice crystals. Our measurements demonstrate that these small crystals are persistently present in the water column beneath the winter fast ice, and when incorporated in sea ice they reduce the mean grain size of the sea-ice cover. By midwinter, larger ice crystals below the ice/water interface are observed to form a porous sub-ice platelet layer with an ice volume fraction of 0.25 ± 0.06. The magnitude and direction of the oceanic heat flux varied between (5 ± 6) Wm-2 (upwards) and (-15 ± 10) Wm-2 (downwards) in May, but by September it settled between (-6 ± 2) and (-11 ± 2) W m-2. The negative values imply that the ocean acts as a heat sink which is responsible for the growth of 12% of the ice thickness between June and September. This oceanic contribution should not be ignored in models of Antarctic sea-ice thickness close to an ice shelf.
Melt regimes, stratigraphy, flow dynamics and glaciochemistry of three glaciers in the Alaska Range
Authors: Campbell Seth , Kreutz Karl , Osterberg Erich , Arcone Steven , Wake Cameron , Introne Douglas , Volkening Kevin , Winski Dominic 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe used ground-penetrating radar (GPR), GPS and glaciochemistry to evaluate melt regimes and ice depths, important variables for mass-balance and ice-volume studies, of Upper Yentna Glacier, Upper Kahiltna Glacier and the Mount Hunter ice divide, Alaska. We show the wet, percolation and dry snow zones located below ~2700ma.s.l., at ~2700 to 3900ma.s.l. and above 3900ma.s.l., respectively. We successfully imaged glacier ice depths upwards of 480 m using 40-100 MHz GPR frequencies. This depth is nearly double previous depth measurements reached using mid-frequency GPR systems on temperate glaciers. Few Holocene-length climate records are available in Alaska, hence we also assess stratigraphy and flow dynamics at each study site as a potential ice-core location. Ice layers in shallow firn cores and attenuated glaciochemical signals or lacking strata in GPR profiles collected on Upper Yentna Glacier suggest that regions below 2800ma.s.l. are inappropriate for paleoclimate studies because of chemical diffusion, through melt. Flow complexities on Kahiltna Glacier preclude ice-core climate studies. Minimal signs of melt or deformation, and depth-age model estimates suggesting ~4815 years of ice on the Mount Hunter ice divide (3912ma.s.l.) make it a suitable Holocene-age ice-core location.
Dynamics of tidewater surge-type glaciers in northwest Svalbard
Authors: Mansell Damien , Luckman Adrian , Murray Tavi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe evolution of ice dynamics through surges of four tidewater-terminating glaciers in northwest Svalbard is investigated by remote sensing. A 20 year time series of glacier surface flow speeds and frontal positions is presented covering the recent surges of Monacobreen, Comfortlessbreen, Blomstrandbreen and Fjortende Julibreen. Surface flow speeds were derived using feature tracking between pairs of ERS SAR and ALOS PALSAR images, while frontal positions were taken from the same imagery, as well as more frequent but lower-spatial-resolution Envisat Wide Swath Mode images. During all four surges, increased ice flow caused the tidewater margin to advance while the calving flux was initially reduced to near zero due to compressive stresses limiting crevasse propagation. As ice speed decreased, the terminus continued to advance, until the glacier’s speed had returned to its pre-surge flow rate. Only at this time did the terminus start to retreat and peak iceberg calving flux was established. We conclude that terminus advance closely tracks glacier speed-up, that there is little mass loss through calving during the most active phase of the surge, and that seasonal cycles of terminus positions diminish during the active surge phase.
Ice deformed in compression and simple shear: control of temperature and initial fabric
Authors: Wilson Christopher J.L. , Peternell Mark 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLayered and polycrystalline ice was experimentally deformed in general shear involving axial compression (strain magnitude 0.5-17%) and simple shear (strain magnitude γ = 0.1-1.4). As the temperature is increased from -20°C to -2°C, there is at least a twofold enhancement in octahedral shear strain rate, which coincides with the onset of extensive dynamic recrystallization and a change in grain-size distribution at -15°C. Between -150C and -10°C the c-axis preferred orientation rapidly evolves with the initiation of two-maxima fabrics in shear zones. From -10°C to -2°C there is progressive evolution of a final c-axis pattern that is asymmetric with respect to the direction of shortening, with a strong maximum at ~5° to the pole of the shear zone, a sense of asymmetry in the direction of the shear, and a secondary maximum inclined at ~45° to the plane of shearing. An initial c-axis preferred orientation plays a critical role in the initial mechanical evolution. In contrast to established ideas, a strong alignment of basal planes parallel to the plane of easy glide inhibited deformation and there was an increased component of strain hardening until recrystallization processes become dominant.
The annual glaciohydrology cycle in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet: Part 2. Observed and modeled ice flow
Authors: Colgan William , Rajaram Harihar , Anderson Robert S. , Steffen Konrad , Zwally H. Jay , Phillips Thomas , Abdalati Waleed 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIce velocities observed in 2005/06 at three GPS stations along the Sermeq Avannarleq flowline, West Greenland, are used to characterize an observed annual velocity cycle. We attempt to reproduce this annual ice velocity cycle using a 1-D ice-flow model with longitudinal stresses coupled to a 1-D hydrology model that governs an empirical basal sliding rule. Seasonal basal sliding velocity is parameterized as a perturbation of prescribed winter sliding velocity that is proportional to the rate of change of glacier water storage. The coupled model reproduces the broad features of the annual basal sliding cycle observed along this flowline, namely a summer speed-up event followed by a fall slowdown event. We also evaluate the hypothesis that the observed annual velocity cycle is due to the annual calving cycle at the terminus. We demonstrate that the ice acceleration due to a catastrophic calving event takes an order of magnitude longer to reach CU/ETH (‘Swiss’) Camp (46 km upstream of the terminus) than is observed. The seasonal acceleration observed at Swiss Camp is therefore unlikely to be the result of velocity perturbations propagated upstream via longitudinal coupling. Instead we interpret this velocity cycle to reflect the local history of glacier water balance.
Studies on the Rhenium Complexes derived from substituted Thiazole and Imidazole Ligands
Authors: Karim Md Manzurul , Sutradhar Sudeepta , Hassan Kamrul 
Published: February 2012

Treatment of [Re2(CO)10(MeCN)2] with 2-(methylmercapto)benzothiazole/2-(methylmercapto)benzimidazole in refluxing benzene resulted in the isolation of compounds [Re2(CO)8(µ-η1,η1-(C7H4NS)SCH3] and [Re2(CO)8(µ-η1,η1-(C7H5N2)SCH3] in moderate yield. The compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9698 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 97-105, 2011
Determination of essential and toxic metals in meats, meat products and eggs by spectrophotometric method
Authors: Chowdhury M Zahurul Alam , Siddique Zainul Abedin , Hossain SM Afzal , Kazi Azizul Islam , Ahsan A Aminul , Ahmed Shamim , Zaman M Mahbub 
Published: February 2012

The concentration of essential metals such as Fe, Cu, Mg, Co and Zn and toxic metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Ni were determined in a number of animal meats, organ meats, meat products, and eggs by using UV-visible and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The essential metal estimation in the investigated samples indicated the following range of concentration: Fe: 11 - 623 mg kg-1, Cu: 1 - 165 mg kg-1, Mg: 16 - 1372 mg kg-1, Co: 0.01 - 48 mg kg-1, Zn: 15 - 295 mg kg-1. These concentrations of essential metals are in the range of human necessities. The concentrations of toxic metals in the same samples were: Pb: 0.03 - 43 mg kg-1, Cd: 0.01- 8 mg kg-1, Cr: 0.02 - 5 mg kg-1, As: 0.004 - 3 mg kg-1 and Ni: 0.03 - 41 mg kg-1. The concentration of arsenic in all samples was found negligible and this indicates that the investigated samples are safe from arsenic toxicity. The concentrations of other four toxic metals being very negligible in most of the samples indicate that these foodstuffs are reasonably safe from metal toxicity. However a few samples which exhibited higher concentrations of these metals above their tolerance limits are alarming for the public health and demand regular examination of these items before coming to the markets. The information obtained from the present investigation is expected to be useful to the general people of this region in selecting meats as their diets. Keywords: Meats; Organ meats; meat products; eggs; AAS; Heavy metals concentrations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9705 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 165-172, 2011
<i>In vitro</i> antibacterial activity of shrimp chitosan against <i>Salmonela paratyphi</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: Islam Md Monarul , Masum Shah Md , Mahbub Khandaker Rayhan 
Published: February 2012

Antimicrobial properties of chitosan extracted from indigenous shrimp processing waste were determined against one gram-negative (Salmonella Paratyphi) and one gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) in vitro. The antimicrobial activities of chitosan were explored by calculation of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in media supplemented with 128, 138, 168, 192, 240, 288, 300 and 320 ppm chitosan solution adjusted to pH 6 or 7. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the prepared chitosan was 288 and 300 ppm for both bacterial strains. These results indicate that chitosan from indigenous shrimp processing waste could be used as an effective antibacterial agent in the food industry. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9707 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 185-190, 2011
Performance of Sudanese activated bentonite in bleaching cottonseed oil
Authors: Taha Kamal K , Suleiman Tagelsir M , Musa Musa A 
Published: February 2012

Bentonite clay collected from Jabal Umm Ali area NE of Khartoum (Sudan) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was then purified by treatment with distilled water and activated with sulfuric acid at 90 ºC for 3.5 hrs. XRD indicated modification of activated bentonite with enhanced surface area. Several cations were removed from octahedral sheet (Mg, Al, and Fe). Increasing the acid concentration enhanced the degree of destruction of bentonite structure. On bleaching semi-refined cottonseed oil with activated bentonite, 30% acid concentration was found to be optimal for color removal and that the local activated bentonite is more efficient in bleaching vegetable oil than the standard one. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9708 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 191-201, 2011
Study on fatty acid composition and physico-chemical properties of <i>Nyctanthes arbortristis</i> root
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Shahjahan Mohammad 
Published: February 2012

Fatty acid composition of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn root extracted successively with light petroleum ether (40-600C bp.)- n-hexane and chloroform were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Twenty one fatty acids were identified in the Seuli root. The major saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are palmitic acid (C16:0, 13.97%) and oleic acid (C18:1, 28.43%). Physio-chemical characteristics, such as iodine value, moisture, ash, lignin and crude fibre of the Seuli root were also determined. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn; Seuli; root; fatty acid composition; gas liquid chromatography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9709 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 202-208, 2011
High-speed tunable photonic crystal fiber-based femtosecond soliton source without dispersion pre-compensation
Authors: Caldarola Martín , Bettachini Víctor A. , Rieznik Andrés A. , Konig Pablo G. , Masip Martín E. , Grosz Diego F. , Bragas Andrea V. 
Published: February 2012

We present a high-speed wavelength tunable photonic crystal fiber-based source capable of generating tunable femtosecond solitons in the infrared region. Through measurements and numerical simulation, we show that both the pulsewidth and the spectral width of the output pulses remain nearly constant over the entire tuning range from 860 to 1160 nm. This remarkable behavior is observed even when pump pulses are heavily chirped (7400 fs^2), which allows to avoid bulky compensation optics, or the use of another fiber, for dispersion compensation usually required by the tuning device. Received: 7 July 2011, Accepted: 1 February 2012; Edited by: A. Goñi; Reviewed by: J. Chavez Boggio, Leibniz Institut f\ur Astrophysik Potsdam, Germany; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.040001Cite as: M. Caldarola, V. A. Bettachini, A. A. Rieznik, P. G. Konig, M. E. Masip, D. F. Grosz, A. V. Bragas, Papers in Physics 4, 040001 (2012)
The Effect of Femoral Stem Length on Duration of Hospital Stay
Authors: Tahim Arpan S. , Stokes Oliver M. , Vedi Vikas 
Published: February 2012

Length of post-operative stay is an important factor in improving cost-effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Short stem femoral components may reduce soft tissue and bone damage, permitting earlier mobilization and earlier safe discharge from hospital. This study compares the length of stay of patients undergoing THA using a short stem femoral component compared to an age matched group undergoing standard THA. The mean age in the standard stem group was 52.7 years and 50.4 years in the short femoral stem group (p=0.57). Total theatre time, blood loss and post-operative Oxford hip scores in the groups were not statistically different (p=0.11, p=0.91, p=0.16). Mean post-operative stay for the short stem group was shorter (3 vs 5 days, p=0.010), resulting in 10% cost saving per patient episode.