bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An equivalent thermal model for dynamic analysis of integrated electricity and heat systems for renewable energy accommodation
Authors: Sun Qihan , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe rapid development of electric heating and combined heat and power generation for improving the level of renewable energy accommodation has necessitated integrated analysis of the electric power system and district heating networks. However, the thermal dynamic model is governed by partial differential equations related to time and space variables. Its complicated features make it hard to perform an efficient integrated analysis with renewable fluctuation. To address this issue, this paper propose an equivalent model for an accurate and concise integrated dynamic analysis. First, an analytical formulation is derived based on Laplace transform to explicitly describe the relation between the port temperature. The transform avoids the discretization in time domain, which accurately captures the thermal dynamics. On this basis, a space discretization strategy is introduced to further keep track of the dynamics. Meanwhile, the multiple cascaded space pipeline segments are aggregated to form an equivalent model for a concise analysis. Furthermore, to reduce the model complexity and computational burden of the high‐order Laplacian “s” in the equivalent process, a reduction strategy is developed by preserving the low‐frequency thermal dynamic feature. Then, the analytical expression of state fluctuation can be conveniently derived to analyse the embedded impact and interaction between EPS and DHN. Finally, case studies are conducted to prove the effectiveness of proposed model.
Evolution of the disky second generation of stars in globular clusters on cosmological timescales
Authors: Berczik Peter , Panamarev Taras , Ishchenko Maryna , Kocsis Bence 
Published: February 2025

Context. Many Milky Way globular clusters (GCs) host multiple stellar populations, challenging the traditional view that GCs are single-population systems. It has been suggested that second-generation stars could form in a disk from gas lost by first-generation stars or from external accreted gas. Understanding how these multiple stellar populations evolve under a time-varying Galactic tidal field is crucial for studying internal mixing, the rotational properties, and mass loss of GCs over cosmological timescales.
Aims. We investigated how the introduction of a second stellar generation affects mass loss’ internal mixing, and rotational properties of GCs in a time-varying Galactic tidal field and different orbital configurations.
Methods. We conducted direct N-body simulations of GCs on three types of orbits derived from the observed Milky Way GCs using state-of-the-art stellar evolution prescriptions. We evolved the clusters for 8 Gyr in the time-varying Galactic potential of the IllustrisTNG-100 cosmological simulation. After 2 Gyr, we introduced a second stellar generation, comprising 5% of the initial mass of the first generation, as a flattened disk of stars. For comparison, we ran control simulations using a static Galactic potential and isolated clusters.
Results. We present here the mass loss, structural evolution, and kinematic properties of GCs with two stellar generations, focusing on tidal mass’ half-mass radii, velocity distributions, and angular momentum. We also examine the transition of the second generation from a flattened disk to a spherical shape.
Conclusions. Our results show that the mass loss of GCs depends primarily on their orbital parameters, with tighter orbits leading to higher mass loss. The growth of the Galaxy led to tighter orbits’ implying that the GCs lost much less mass than if the Galaxy had always had its current mass. The initially flattened second-generation disk became nearly spherical within one relaxation time. However, whether its distinct rotational signature was retained depends on the orbit: for the long radial orbit, it vanished quickly; for the tube orbit' it lasted several billion years for the circular orbit' rotation persisted until the present day.
Simulation study on noise reduction of electric vehicle tire with built-in sound-absorbing material
Authors: Shi Tuo , Zhou Pan , Feng Yuxin , Lv Tian , Li Yaowei , Zang Liguo 
Published: February 2025

Tire cavity noise is becoming more prominent as the speed of electric vehicles is getting higher. This study aims to use a built-in sound-absorbing material to reduce tire cavity noise. First, the radial force was extracted by rolling analysis, and the tire cavity noise was obtained. Then, in order to investigate how the placement of sound-absorbing material affects the noise reduction, sound-absorbing material was applied to the inner side of tire’s side and tread position respectively. Finally, studies were done on the impact of sound-absorbing material’s density, flow resistance, porosity, and thickness on tire noise reduction. The best way to reduce noise with a 215/55R17 tire was to apply sound-absorbing material at side position. The density, porosity, flow resistance and thickness of the sound-absorbing material were 55 kg/m3, 0.95, 5000 Pa·s/m2 and 40 mm, respectively. The A-weighted sound pressure level decreased by 27.7 dB compared with that before the built-in sound-absorbing material. In response to the uncertainties on the reduction achieved by the sound-absorbing material, this study offers some recommendations for noise reduction of tire cavity. The studied effect is limited to the tire cavity, and the effect on the emitted sound energy has not been evaluated.
The Effectiveness of Functional Septorhinoplasty in Improving COVID-19-related Olfactory Dysfunction
Authors: Pendolino Alfonso Luca , Scarpa Bruno , Andrews Peter J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLong-Term COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction (C19OD) remains a significant challenge with no established treatment providing meaningful improvement. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of functional septorhinoplasty (fSRP) in improving olfactory dysfunction in patients with persistent C19OD compared to a control group undergoing olfactory training (OT). In this prospective study patients with persistent C19OD undergoing fSRP were enrolled while those declining surgery continued with OT as the control group. Patients were followed for six months with olfactory function assessed using Sniffin' Sticks (S'S) and nasal airflow evaluated through peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and acoustic rhinometry (AR). Among the participants 12 underwent fSRP while 13 were in the control group. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) in all S'S scores were observed in the fSRP group but not in the control group. TDI scores improved above the minimal clinically important difference only in the fSRP group. Strong correlations were found between olfactory scores and nasal measurements. Comparison of olfactory threshold gains between groups revealed a statistically significant benefit in the fSRP group. These findings suggest that fSRP can significantly improve persistent C19OD providing a notable olfactory threshold gain compared to OT.
Procedimentos cirúrgicos estéticos em pacientes diagnosticados com transtorno dismórfico corporal
Authors: Stachechem Simone Kempf , Mazzaro Franco Ricieri , Lunardi Maria Elisa , Margraf Juliana Gomes , Bettes Julia Buquera , Bettes Paulo Sergio Loiacono 
Published: February 2025

Resumo
Introdução O transtorno dismórfico corporal (TDC), patologia psiquiátrica frequente em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia plástica, é caracterizado por dismorfias/defeitos que o paciente imagina sobre o seu corpo, mas que são irreais ou pouco percebidos pelas outras pessoas, e também por comportamentos repetitivos ou atos mentais em resposta a essas preocupações.
Objetivo Descrever a incidência de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia plástica e portadores do TDC, e analisar a aceitação pós-operatória e os fatores que alteram a satisfação dos resultados, quais os procedimentos plásticos mais procurados por estes pacientes, e a respectiva conduta dos cirurgiões frente a esses casos.
Materiais e Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO com os seguintes descritores em inglês: body dysmorphic disorder e plastic surgery.
Resultados Os resultados apontam que o TDC é a patologia de maior importância para os procedimentos estéticos da atualidade, além de contribuir para uma pior qualidade de vida; nos casos mais graves, também há o risco da ideação e da tentativa de suicídio.
Discussão Sendo o Brasil o país campeão na realização de procedimentos estéticos, seus profissionais devem estar preparados para reconhecer e tratar de forma precoce esses pacientes, utilizar terapêutica específica e abordagem multidisciplinar, e avaliar a gravidade de cada caso e a necessidade de cancelamentos cirúrgicos.
Conclusão A cautela torna-se em uma qualidade médica essencial, uma vez que não se trata de um problema estético, mas de um transtorno mental.
Aspergillus terreus Fungal Spondylodiscitis in a Healthy Patient Post-Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Mulukutla Raghava D. , Yelamarthy Phani Krishna Karthik , Krishna Narayan Thiruvoipati Venkata , Kathare Ambadas , Yeldandi Vijay V. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe present a case of hospital-acquired Aspergillus terreus spondylodiscitis following lumbar spine surgery. The objective is to highlight the need for a high index of suspicion for rare fungal pathogens as causative organisms in postoperative spinal infections. A 39-year-old female underwent posterior decompression, stabilization, and interbody fusion at L4–5. Six weeks post-surgery she developed fever, back pain, and right leg pain. A diagnosis of postoperative spinal infection was made. On exploration and debridement of the wound, the fungal cultures grew positive for A. terreus. She was treated with voriconazole for 6 months. Following debridement and antifungal therapy, symptoms and inflammatory markers subsided over a period of time. There was no recurrence of infection till the last follow-up at three and half years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only case report of an A. terreus spondylodiscitis following lumbar spine surgery. The possibility of fungal infection should be considered in elderly and immune-compromised patients. In our institution, all postoperative spinal infections, irrespective of age and comorbidities, are subjected to microbiological cultures including fungal cultures and sensitivities. Thorough debridement, involvement of infection control specialists, and use of long-term antifungal therapy help resolve these infections.
Catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide to methanol over defect-laden hexagonal boron nitride: insights into reaction mechanisms
Authors: Jiang Tao , Le Duy , Chagoya Katerina L , Nash David J , Blair Richard G , Rahman Talat S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a density functional theory-based mechanistic understanding of CO2 hydrogenation to value-added products on a nitrogen-vacancy (VN) defect in hexagonal boron nitride (dh-BN). Activation occurs through back-donation to the π* orbitals of CO2 from the frontier orbitals (defect state) of the h-BN sheet that are localized near a nitrogen-vacancy. Subsequent hydrogenation to methanol (CH3OH) and formic acid (HCOOH) proceed through vacancy-facilitated co-adsorption of hydrogen and CO2. More importantly, our reaction pathway analyses complimented by microkinetic modeling indicate that dh-BN is potentially a low-temperature, selective catalyst for CO2 reduction to methanol. Our findings are in agreement with experiments conducted in a mechanical reactor that show high selectivity towards methanol formation for CO2 hydrogenation on defect induced h-BN.
Compound physical pendulum measurements using a rotary optical encoder with Arduino
Authors: Carvalho Diego C , Nascimento Alexandro C S , Lima Gildário D , Sousa Jr Itamar V 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The use of experimental activities in physics classes mediated by technological tools allows students to become central and active agents in the learning process, and that presents flexibility of use, low cost, and, at the same time, good precision of physical measurements of fundamental importance in the context of modern education. To contemplate these aspects, we propose a study of a physical pendulum composed of a metal bar and a cylinder that is free to move along the bar and modify the period of oscillation. The experimental apparatus was developed using appropriate supports made in a 3D printer so that the sensor could accurately collect the angular movement of the pendulums. Measurements of pendulu’s period with the change of cylinder position are carried out using a rotary optical encoder, a sensor that can be connected to the Arduino platform to measure the angular displacement. The experiment proposed paves the way for investigations of more advanced systems and improvements in data collection modes.
Work done by a torque
Authors: Cross Rod 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is well known that the work done by a torque, τ, during a small angular displacement

d
θ

is given by

τ
d
θ

. The same relation applies if a ball is rolling down an incline, even if the torque arises from a static friction force. However, it is usually assumed that the work done by a static friction force is zero.
Symmetry-invariant quantum machine learning force fields
Authors: Nha Minh Le Isabel , Kiss Oriel , Schuhmacher Julian , Tavernelli Ivano , Tacchino Francesco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Machine learning techniques are essential tools to compute efficient, yet accurate, force fields for atomistic simulations. This approach has recently been extended to incorporate quantum computational methods, making use of variational quantum learning models to predict potential energy surfaces and atomic forces from ab initio training data. However, the trainability and scalability of such models are still limited, due to both theoretical and practical barriers. Inspired by recent developments in geometric classical and quantum machine learning, here we design quantum neural networks that explicitly incorporate, as a data-inspired prior, an extensive set of physically relevant symmetries. We find that our invariant quantum learning models outperform their more generic counterparts on individual molecules of growing complexity. Furthermore, we study a water dimer as a minimal example of a system with multiple components, showcasing the versatility of our proposed approach and opening the way towards larger simulations. Finally, we perform a barren plateau analysis and numerically observe that our model does not exhibit a barren plateau in the shallow depth regime. Our results suggest that molecular force fields generation can significantly profit from leveraging the framework of geometric quantum machine learning, and that chemical systems represent, in fact, an interesting and rich playground for the development and application of advanced quantum machine learning tools.
Microwave-activated quantum state transfer and entanglement generation among five to seven qubits
Authors: Qi Zi-Han , Sun Zhi-Hang , Xu Peng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We propose a scheme for the rapid and high-fidelity transmission of quantum states and the generation of entanglement among at least five qubits in a circuit quantum electrodynamics system, based on optimized microwave-driven pulses. By designing appropriate microwave pulses applied to the qubits, quantum state transfer among five or more qubits can be realized, enabling bidirectional transfer and control over the residence time of quantum states on any arbitrary qubit by adjusting the parameters of the driving pulses. Furthermore, by optimizing the microwave pulse parameters, the scheme facilitates the creation of entangled states involving five or more qubits in a time-efficient manner. Additionally, we evaluate the fidelity of the transferred quantum state and the generated entanglement, taking into account the effects of decoherence. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme enables high-fidelity quantum state transfer and entanglement generation with minimal photon leakage from the cavity and energy relaxation of the qubits.
Support-less 3D bioceramic/extracellular matrix printing in sanitizer-based hydrogel for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Utami Siwi Setya , Raja Naren , Kim Jueun , Sutejo Imam Akbar , Park Honghyun , Sung Aram , Gal Changwoo , Yun Hui-Suk , Choi Yeong-Jin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To meet the increasing demand for bone scaffolds, advancements in 3D printing have significantly impacted bone tissue engineering. However, the materials used must closely mimic the biological components and structural characteristics of natural bone tissue. Additionally, constructing complex, oblique structures presents considerable challenges. To address these issues, we explored 3D bioceramic printing using a sanitizer-based hydrogel. Collagen, a primary component of the bone extracellular matrix (ECM), was combined with alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) to create the bioceramic ink. The sanitizer-based hydrogel was chosen as the gel bath due to its carbopol content, which provides hydrogel-like support, and ethanol, which coagulates collagen and maintains the integrity of the 3D-printed structure. The α-TCP/collagen bioceramic ink was printed within the sanitizer-based hydrogel, then collected, immersed in ethanol, and finally submerged in phosphate-buffer saline to initiate a self-setting reaction that converted α-TCP into calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite. The results demonstrated that complex ceramic/ECM structures could be successfully printed in the sanitizer bath, exhibiting excellent mechanical characteristics. Additionally, scaffolds printed in the sanitizer bath showed higher levels of cell growth and osteogenic activity compared to those produced with only α-TCP in an open-air environment. This bioceramic printing approach has a strong potential for constructing complex scaffolds with enhanced osteogenic potential for bone regeneration.
An Unlikely Model?
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter introduces the topic of the book and the core questions that drive it. The idea that becoming virtuous involves acquiring the likeness of another, or imitating a model or exemplar, is deeply at home in literature on character and moral education. The idea that God might constitute such a model seems far less so. Yet it has a long history in a range of religious and philosophical traditions. In ancient philosophy, it is associated strongly with Plato, but it also played a central role among many other philosophical schools. It also occupied an important place in the Islamic ethical tradition, which this book will explore taking Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī as its leading figure.
Praise as Good as an Insult: Can God Have the Virtues?
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter identifies a number of challenges posed by the idea of godlikeness—conceptual, normative, and practical—and focuses on the first. Is the idea that God forms a moral exemplar for human beings intelligible? The virtues seem necessary, and admirable, insofar as they help us manage limitations in our nature and in the circumstances of our life. How, then, can they be predicated of God? This problem was evoked early on by Aristotle and was taken up by other classical philosophers, including Plotinus. In the Islamic context, the problem is foregrounded by the basic term for “character (trait),” khuluq. One thinker who takes up the issue and tries to resolve it is al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī.
Licence to Feel: Admiration, Emulation, and Human Nature
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Al-Ghazālī’s account of patience and compassion brings out a normative challenge carried by the idea of God’s exemplarity. Yet on the one hand, this chapter argues, this challenge does not derive from the theological form of his project. Al-Ghazālī’s position reflects a broader view of the emotions that has other bases and that is shared by moral theories with philosophical form. On the other hand, a closer examination of al-Ghazālī’s account of compassion and mercy indicates that he does not recommend the human emulation of the aspects of God’s exemplarity at issue. Admiration needs to be re-educated; but admiration and emulation may come apart.
The Paradox of Majesty: Divine Virtues, Human Vices?
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter takes up another normative problem with the idea of God’s exemplarity that emerged within Sufi literature. Should the project of imitating God be taken to encompass all of his names, or are some names virtues in God but vices in human beings? At the heart of this debate were the so-called “names of majesty.” A number of thinkers took the restrictive or exclusive view: not all divine names are legitimate objects of human imitation. The divine name mutakabbir, which indicates God’s sense of his greatness or superiority, makes the problem clear. For humans, the virtuous trait is not pride but humility.
Lighting Matches: On How to Have a Virtuous Sense of Superiority
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite apparent tensions with his overall outlook, al-Ghazālī endorses the inclusive view that all of God’s names form a legitimate object of human aspiration. This chapter weighs up his position by investigating his treatment of the divine name mutakabbir. Al-Ghazālī gives different accounts of this name in different works. In the Revival, he accepts its ordinary linguistic meaning and argues that a virtuous sense of superiority is possible for human beings in principle but not in practice, due to their cognitive limitations. In the Beautiful Names, his solution instead lies in providing a reformed account of the meaning of the term.
Nice Theory, Shame about the Practice: Moral Ideals, Psychological Realism, and the Unusual Case of God’s Character
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter takes up a separate challenge posed by the idea of godlikeness, which concerns its practical feasibility. Recent writing on ethics places a strong emphasis on the answerability of moral inquiry to empirical facts about human psychology. Recent literature on exemplars suggests two reasons for scepticism about the practical efficacy of taking God as a moral model. God is too unlike us; and God is too superior. Exemplars who are not sufficiently similar to us in relevant dimensions, and who are excessively superior in the moral dimension, have a negative or neutral motivational effect. A closer consideration of the epistemic channels through which we gain knowledge of God’s character contributes to this scepticism.
The Future of God’s Beautiful Names: On Awe, the Power of Words, and Why Great Exemplars Attract Us
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Set against the survey of intellectual resources provided in Chapter 12, this chapter argues for the need to go beyond such resources and invest in a wide-ranging empirical investigation of how the ideal of godlikeness has been pursued both in historical communities and in present times. This ideal remains active in both scholarly and popular levels of Islamic culture. A study of its social realizations can help enrich current lines of inquiry on character education and exemplars. It can illuminate, among others, questions about moral emotions such as admiration and awe, about the role of moral language in character education, and about how different kinds of narrative practices mediating different forms of exemplarity may support moral learning. The chapter concludes by considering the questions raised by the recurring emphasis on morally outstanding exemplars in a wide variety of cultural traditions and the different explanatory possibilities this phenomenon invites.