bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying genetic classifier systems for the analysis of activities in collaborative learning environments
Authors: Molina Ana I. , Jurado Francisco , Duque Rafael , Redondo Miguel A. , Bravo Crescencio , Ortega Manuel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe analysis of activities in CSCL (Computer‐Supported Collaborative Learning) environments can provide us with some interesting conclusions about collaborative learning processes themselves. Specifically, such an analysis can show the effectiveness of such processes and allow for the definition of intervention mechanisms which can motivate and engage the students in the learning activities. Until now, this analysis has focused on the collaboration process and the resulting product separately. We hypothesize that the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques can be useful for the production of a rule‐based system that considers both the process and the product. Of the existing techniques, we propose the use of Genetic Classifier Systems (GCS) for their ability to evolve and adapt. The use of these rules allows for the identification and characterization of learning situations, in addition to the generation of feedback that can guide the students and the group towards a more effective learning experience. At the same time, the rule system can adapt to the new learning activities. The analysis method proposed in this article focuses on CSCL environments in which the collaboration takes the form of a conversation. We also present a tool that implements this approach and the results of its application to some learning activities, using an environment for collaborative learning of design. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 704–716, 2013
The role of OSC‐based projects in meeting new challenges of education—concept and exemplification
Authors: Ilie‐Zudor Elisabeth , Kemény Zsolt , Szathmári Marcell , Monostori László 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLatest developments in economy and industry have shed light on the growing importance of flexible and practice‐oriented skills of industrial employees. Much improvement can be achieved by adapting the current practices of education accordingly, for example, by emphasizing hands‐on experience and preparing learners (both students and employees in extended training) for independent life‐long learning strategies. The paper highlights the importance of open‐source software in this context. After giving an overview of R&D projects delivering open‐source solutions and existing open‐source communities, the example of the TraSer project (an open‐source solution platform for track‐and‐trace applications) is closely examined, with special emphasis on its potential role in education at universities and industrial companies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21:E141–E151, 2013
Simulation as an integrator in an undergraduate biological engineering curriculum
Authors: Datta A. K. , Rakesh V. , Way D. G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA novel multifaceted elective course in Biological Engineering is described, along with the experience in its instruction and development over 14 years. The course introduces modeling and simulation to solve biological/biomedical problems to students with a background in transport processes but with no prior experience in modeling. The critical elements needed to introduce such modeling to less experienced students are discussed, such as simplifying a problem for problem formulation, case studies that build a clear bridge to their preparation in fundamentals, and extracting important details from a simulation. The question of a black box versus a white box approach to presenting simulations is addressed. Active learning practices such as think‐pair‐share and distributed learning are introduced as enablers for this course. Student motivation has been increased by making the course student‐centered with the students themselves selecting and executing the modeling projects. The authors describe how the same course can serve many purposes in a curriculum, including the introduction of a state‐of‐the‐art design tool, extending fundamental knowledge to solve realistic problems, enhancing the fundamentals, introducing teamwork, written and oral communication, and design concepts. Although we have discussed the course in the context of biological/biomedical engineering, it can also be extended to other engineering curricula such as Mechanical and Chemical Engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 717–727, 2013
E‐assessment of Matlab assignments in Moodle: Application to an introductory programming course for engineers
Authors: Ramos Julián , Trenas María A. , Gutiérrez Eladio , Romero Sergio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article introduces a novel extension for Moodle supporting the automatic verification of codes written in Matlab. It has been applied when teaching the basics of imperative programming in a course aimed at chemical engineering students. The extension derives from the module CTPracticals, originally developed by the authors to enable the automatic assessment of VHDL assignments in Moodle. Several major changes have been made, mainly in the automatic verification engine, in the core of the system, and in several user interfaces. The module partially frees teachers from the repetitive task of verifying assignments, allowing them to invest more time assisting students and tackling new pedagogical objectives. An anonymous student survey proved that students are satisfied with the system because they find the feedback and the constantly updated view of the status of their assignments helpful. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 21: 728–736, 2013
A tool for facilitating the teaching of smart home applications
Authors: Jiménez Manuel , Sánchez Pedro , Rosique Francisca , Álvarez Bárbara , Iborra Andrés 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article presents a new tool that can be used to improve the teaching methods of smart home systems development. The main contribution of this tool is that it allows stakeholders to develop home automation (HA) systems using platform‐independent graphical elements. Teachers can use this tool to introduce the development of smart home applications and to demonstrate concepts and theories pertaining to this domain. In addition, students can use the tool as an autonomous‐learning environment. From the students' point of view, the development of a new system starts with the use of a smart home‐specific graphical language, instead of using platform‐dependent tools. The article is not only concerned with the description of the tool but also with the methodology to be followed by teachers and students. An example of use is also included illustrating the usefulness of the tool in engineering education. In order to evaluate the benefits of the approach, we conducted a survey amongst students who used the tool. The analysis of the outcome of this survey shows the chance to enable the development of HA applications with improved usability quality factors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22: 178–186, 2014
Visual Wavelet‐Lab: An object‐oriented library and a GUI application for the study of the wavelet transform
Authors: Roselló Emilio G. , Dacosta Jacinto G. , Lado María J. , Méndez Arturo J. , Sampedro José , Cota Manuel P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this work, we present Visual Wavelet‐Lab, a software application that offers object‐oriented library and a graphical user interface (GUI) to learn and apply wavelet transforms to one‐ and two‐dimensional signals. The solution described is based on encapsulating and reusing the proprietary environment Matlab and the corresponding Wavelet Toolbox. This will allow for developing custom user applications, with well‐defined and specific characteristics, aimed at learning the wavelet transform and applications. Since functionality is reused, and therefore it has not to be implemented, we gain the possibility to build in powerful and ad hoc tools for teaching and investigating, in a short term and at low costs. The application developed was presented to several users and evaluated in terms of usability. The results obtained are encouraging and indicate that using Visual Wavelet‐Lab can be a useful tool for educational purposes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22: 23–32, 2014
Experimental system for teaching induction motor faults during the startup transient and steady state
Authors: Romero‐Troncoso R. J. , Garcia‐Perez A. , Cabal‐Yepez E. , Osornio‐Rios R. A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractInduction motors are critical components for industry and they can present multiple‐combined faults. Thus, there is a necessity of closely monitoring the motor condition. A computer‐aided tool is developed to analyze current/vibration signals during the startup transient/steady state, helping students to improve their understanding and learning on induction motor monitoring. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22: 33–38, 2014
Culture and empowerment in the Deaf community: An analysis of internet weblogs
Authors: Hamill Alexis C. , Stein Catherine H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAlthough deafness is traditionally conceptualized as a medical problem or disability, about 500 000 deaf people in the United States identify as members of an ethno‐linguistic minority that takes pride in being Deaf. This study examined 416 Internet weblog posts authored by nine Deaf bloggers to describe aspects of Deaf culture and individual and community level empowerment strategies expressed in weblogs. Results highlight aspects of American Deaf culture, such as the value placed on American Sign Language and equal treatment of D/deaf and hearing people. Findings also provide evidence of expressions of Deaf culture such as the use of humour and supporting the community that have been less emphasized in previous literature. Community level empowerment strategies evident in posts included disseminating information, rallying the involvement of members and advocating for social justice. Overlap between expressions of Deaf culture and empowerment strategies were also found. Present results inform a growing literature on empowerment strategies that occur without intervention by professionals. Implications of the study for community research and action are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Molecular to Macroscopic Engineering: Shaping Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Nanomaterials
Authors: Yoosaf K. , Llanes‐Pallas Anna , Marangoni Tomas , Belbakra Abdelhalim , Marega Riccardo , Botek Edith , Champagne Benoît , Bonifazi Davide , Armaroli Nicola 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe self‐assembly and self‐organization behavior of chromophoric acetylenic scaffolds bearing 2,6‐bis(acetylamino)pyridine (1, 2) or uracyl‐type (3–9) terminal groups has been investigated by photophysical and microscopic methods. Systematic absorption and luminescence studies show that 1 and 2, thanks to a combination of solvophilic/solvophobic forces and π–π stacking interactions, undergo self‐organization in apolar solvents (i.e., cyclohexane) and form spherical nanoparticles, as evidenced by wide‐field optical microscopy, TEM, and AFM analysis. For the longer molecular module, 2, a more uniform size distribution is found (80–200 nm) compared to 1 (20–1000 nm). Temperature scans in the range 283–353 K show that the self‐organized nanoparticles are reversibly formed and destroyed, being stable at lower temperatures. Molecular modules 1 and 2 were then thoroughly mixed with the complementary triply hydrogen‐bonding units 3–9. Depending on the specific geometrical structure of 3–9, different nanostructures are evidenced by microscopic investigations. Combination of modules 1 or 2 with 3, which bears only one terminal uracyl unit, leads to the formation of vesicular structures; instead, when 1 is combined with bis‐uracyl derivative 4 or 5, a structural evolution from nanoparticles to nanowires is observed. The length of the wires obtained by mixing 1 and 4 or 1 and 5 can be controlled by addition of 3, which prompts transformation of the wires into shorter rods. The replacement of linear system 5 with the related angular modules 6 and 7 enables formation of helical nanostructures, unambiguously evidenced by AFM. Finally, thermally induced self‐assembly was studied in parallel with modules 8 and 9, in which the uracyl recognition sites are protected with tert‐butyloxycarbonyl (BOC) groups. This strategy allows further control of the self‐assembly/self‐organization process by temperature, since the BOC group is completely removed on heating. Microscopy studies show that the BOC‐protected ditopic modules 8 self‐assemble and self‐organize with 1 into ordered linear nanostructures, whereas BOC‐protected tritopic system 9 gives rise to extended domains of circular nano‐objects in combination with 1.
Computational Studies on Azaphosphiridines, or How to Effect Ring‐Opening Processes through Selective Bond Activation
Authors: Espinosa Arturo , Streubel Rainer 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe relative energies of azaphosphiridine and its isomers, the ring stability towards valence isomerization, and the ring strain, as well as the kinetics and thermodynamics of possible ring‐opening reactions of PIII derivatives (1–5) and PV chalcogenides (6–9; O to Te), were studied at high levels of theory (up to CCSD(T)). The barrier to inversion at the nitrogen atom in the trimethyl‐substituted PIII derivative 5 increases from 12.11 to 15.25 kcal mol−1 in the P‐oxide derivative 6 (PV); the relatively high barrier to inversion at the phosphorus in 5 (75.38 kcal mol−1) points to a configurationally stable center (MP2/def2‐TZVPP//BP86/def2‐TZVP). The ring strain for azaphosphiridine 5 (av. 22.6 kcal mol−1) was found to increase upon P‐oxidation (6) (30.8 kcal mol−1; same level of theory). Various ring‐bond‐activation processes were studied: N‐protonation of PIII (5) and PV (6, 7) derivatives leads to highly activated species that readily undergo PN bond cleavage. In contrast, metal chlorides such as LiCl, CuCl, CuCl2, BeCl2, BCl3, AlCl3, TiCl3, and TiCl4 show little PN bond activation in 5 and 7. Remarkably, TiCl3 selectively activates the CN bond, and induces stronger bond activation for PV (6, 7) than for PIII azaphosphiridines (5). The ring‐expanding rearrangement of PV azaphosphiridines 6–9 to yield PIII 1,3,2‐chalcogena‐azaphosphetidines 32 a–d is predicted to be preferred for the heavier chalcogenides 7–9, but not for the P‐oxide 6. The first comparative analysis of three bond strength parameters is presented: 1) the electron density at bond critical points, 2) Wiberg’s bond index, and 3) the relaxed force constant. This reveals the usefulness of these parameters in assessing the degree of ring bond activation.
Coke Formation during the Methanol‐to‐Olefin Conversion: In Situ Microspectroscopy on Individual H‐ZSM‐5 Crystals with Different Brønsted Acidity
Authors: Mores Davide , Kornatowski Jan , Olsbye Unni , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCoke formation during the methanol‐to‐olefin (MTO) conversion has been studied at the single‐particle level with in situ UV/Vis and confocal fluorescence microscopy. For this purpose, large H‐ZSM‐5 crystals differing in their Si/Al molar ratio have been investigated. During MTO, performed at 623 and 773 K, three major UV/Vis bands assigned to different carbonaceous deposits and their precursors are observed. The absorption at 420 nm, assigned to methyl‐substituted aromatic compounds, initiates the buildup of the optically active coke species. With time‐on‐stream, these carbonaceous compounds expand in size, resulting in the gradual development of a second absorption band at around 500 nm. An additional broad absorption band in the 600 nm region indicates the enhanced formation of extended carbonaceous compounds that form as the reaction temperature is raised. Overall, the rate of coke formation decreases with decreasing aluminum content. Analysis of the reaction kinetics indicates that an increased Brønsted acid site density facilitates the formation of larger coke species and enhances their formation rate. The use of multiple excitation wavelengths in confocal fluorescence microscopy enables the localization of coke compounds with different molecular dimensions in an individual H‐ZSM‐5 crystal. It demonstrates that small coke species evenly spread throughout the entire H‐ZSM‐5 crystal, whereas extended coke deposits primarily form near the crystal edges and surfaces. Polarization‐dependent UV/Vis spectroscopy measurements illustrate that extended coke species are predominantly formed in the straight channels of H‐ZSM‐5. In addition, at higher temperatures, fast deactivation leads to the formation of large aromatic compounds within channel intersections and at the external zeolite surface, where the lack of spatial restrictions allows the formation of graphite‐like coke.
Enlightened Enzymes: Strategies to Create Novel Photoresponsive Proteins
Authors: Krauss Ulrich , Drepper Thomas , Jaeger Karl‐Erich 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe photocontrol of protein functions, enzymatic reactions, and concomitantly biological activities in living cells and organisms represents a rapidly developing and interdisciplinary field of research at the interface of chemistry and biology. The nature of light allows for a non‐invasive gearing with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution to exert control at the molecular and cellular level. This concept article aims to illustrate some of the classic as well as recently developed strategies employing protein‐engineering and chemical–biological hybrid methods to achieve photocontrol of biological processes. Recent cell biological examples will be highlighted and possible biotechnological applications will be presented.
LiB12PC, the First Boron‐Rich Metal Boride with Phosphorus—Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hardness, Spectroscopic Investigations
Authors: Vojteer Natascha , Sagawe Vanessa , Stauffer Julia , Schroeder Melanie , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe present synthesis, crystal structure, hardness, and IR/Raman and UV/Vis spectra of a new compound with the mean composition LiB12PC. Transparent single crystals were synthesised from Ga, Li, B, red phosphorus and C at 1500 °C in boron nitride crucibles welded in Ta ampoules. Depending on the type of boron used for the synthesis we obtained colourless, brown and red single crystals with slightly different P/C ratios. Colourless LiB12PC crystallizes orthorhombic in the space group Imma (No. 74) with a=10.188(2) Å, b=5.7689(11) Å, c=8.127(2) Å and Z=4. Brown LiB12P0.89C1.11 is very similar, but with a lower P content. Red single crystals of LiB12P1.13C0.87 have a larger unit cell with a=10.4097(18) Å, b=5.9029(7) Å, c=8.2044(12) Å. EDX measurements confirm that the red crystals contain more phosphorus than the other ones. The crystal structure is characterized by a covalent network of B12 icosahedra connected by exohedral BB bonds and PP, PC or CC units. Li atoms are located in interstitials. The structure is closely related to MgB7, LiB13C2 and ScB13C. LiB12PC fulfils the electron counting rules of Wade and also Longuet‐Higgins. Measurements of Vickers micro‐hardness (HV=27 GPa) revealed that LiB12PC is a hard material. The optical band gaps obtained from UV/Vis spectra match the colours of the crystals. Furthermore we report on the IR and Raman spectra.
Material Efficiency and Sustainable Development in Chemistry: Where do we stand today?
Authors: Steinbach Adalbert , Winkenbach Rolf , Ehmsen Heiko 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDer Klimawandel, die absehbare Verknappung der Rohstoffe und eine wachsende Weltbevölkerung, die die Nachfrage nach Energie und Rohstoffen – und damit auch deren Preise – noch weiter steigen lässt, stellen große Herausforderungen dar. Um diese bewältigen zu können, bedarf es umfassender Veränderungen in Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im Sinne des Leitprinzips der Nachhaltigkeit (Sustainable Development). Die nationale Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie 2002 der Bundesregierung gibt konkrete Ziele vor, so z. B. auch für die Reduzierung des Rohstoffverbrauchs. Ziel ist eine Verdoppelung der (materialwirtschaftlichen) Produktivität (Materialeffizienz) von 1994 bis 2020. Ihre systematische Steigerung setzt voraus, dass sie gemessen und als Key Performance Indicator (KPI) zum Steuern der Entwicklung und Verbesserung industrieller Prozesse verwendet wird. Dies gilt namentlich für die hier betrachteten Stoffumwandlungsprozesse der Chemiebranche.
Regeneration of working solution in the hydrogen peroxide production process
Authors: Shang Hui , Zhou Hongjun , Zhang Wenhui , Zhang Kunlin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe regeneration of working solutions is an important procedure during the anthraquinone process for hydrogen peroxide production, which commonly uses activated alumina for this purpose. This study investigated the impact of different factors on regeneration performance using a fixed bed reactor and found that temperature, contact time, and the catalyst's active component were the key factors. Catalysts with higher alkali content improve regeneration performance. The catalysts' binders and the post‐treatment method affect their physical strength, but steam counteracts this due to the reaction of the active component with water.
Kinetic studies on vapour phase pyridine synthesis and catalyst regeneration studies
Authors: Suresh Kumar Reddy Kuppireddy , Sreedhar Inkollu , Vijaya Raghavan Kondapuram 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe kinetics of vapour phase aminocylisation of acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and ammonia over deactivating HZSM‐5 catalyst is studied. A series‐parallel reaction scheme has been employed in which coke formation from its precursors has been lumped. Applying the concept of separable kinetics, the catalyst deactivation and reaction kinetics unconstrained and constrained by it are studied independently. Employing experimental time on stream studies, the rate of catalyst decay has been computed from the latter. A catalyst deactivation function based on experimental decay of its activity has been evaluated separately. Its magnitude and trajectory matched well with that of the computed catalyst decay function. It facilitated to obtain a direct relationship between coke formation and product distribution as a function of time on stream for aminocyclisation. An attempt has also been made to study the regeneration characteristics of the catalyst.
Synthesis of smart hydrogels by radiation polymerisation for use as slow drug delivery devices
Authors: Singh Baljit , Sharma Vikrant , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis article deals with the modification of medicinally important psyllium polysaccharide with acrylamide through radiation crosslinked polymerisation for the design of double potential hydrogels meant for slow release of insulin. Here the double potential is due to the inherent blood sugar lowering ability of psyllium and release of insulin in controlled manner from the drug loaded hydrogels. Synthesis of hydrogels and their characterisation by scanning electron micrography (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and swelling studies have been discussed. The release dynamics of model drug insulin from the hydrogels has been studied for the evaluation of the release mechanism. The release of the drug from the hydrogels occurred through non‐Fickian diffusion mechanism.