bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice to promote hand hygiene among undergraduate medical and nursing students in a teaching hospital
Authors: Shreya Mavoori , Badave Gitanjali Kailas 
Published: May 2024

: A considerable number of epidemiological evidences proved that efficient hand hygiene practices has reduced the risk of infection cross-transmission in hospital facilities. Despite the effortlessness and simplicity of the practice, compliance with hand hygiene among health care workers has been relatively very less. There is a significant lack of evidence regarding infection control training among undergraduate medical and nursing students, hence it becomes essential to re-examine the efficacy of our hand hygiene sessions and conduct programs, CMEs, workshops frequently to keep health care workers sensitized and oriented towards hand hygiene.: The present study was undertaken to assess the overall exposure of medical and nursing students towards basic hand hygiene practices through a knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire based cross- sectional study. 100 medical and 100 nursing students were grouped into good, moderate and poor categories, based on scores from the questions testing the overall knowledge of hospital acquired infections, attitude towards hand hygiene and actual practice at the field level.: The present study showed poor knowledge among medical and nursing students i.e 41% and 60% of the participants respectively. Nursing staff showed good attitude when compared to medical students (71% and 56%). Regardless of the knowledge, practice of hand hygiene was good in both the groups 59% of medical and 71% of nursing students. On the whole, in comparison nursing population displayed better results compared to undergraduate medical student population. Nevertheless, evidently showing unsatisfactory results among both the study groups in the grounds of knowledge.: Therefore, the study concludes that knowledge and exposure to hand hygiene practices should be improved in undergraduate curriculum for both medical and nursing students which provides an opportunity to correct the bed side hygiene practices of the future health care providers at the foundation level.
Item Analysis of Sociocultural Influences in Verbal Ability Testing Using the Woodcock-Johnson IV COG
Authors: Mrhálek Tomáš , Hricová Alena , Ondrášek Stanislav 
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of a study that examines the impact of sociocultural environment on the development of verbal skills in Romani children aged 7–11 years, with a particular emphasis on children from socially excluded localities. The results are based on a verbal test derived from the Woodcock-Johnson Cognitive Ability Test (WJ IV COG), which was processed using item analysis according to the Rasch model. The main results are based on analysing the differential function of individual items within the verbal tests within the research group (N = 399) compared to the normative sample of the Czech population (N = 936). A secondary goal is to compare Romani children originating from socially excluded areas (N = 204) with those from non-excluded areas (N = 195). Regarding item comparisons between the majority and sample groups, they reveal significant disparities in 14 items (70%) of the Synonyms subtest and 9 items (45%) of the Antonyms subtest. The results highlight the crucial role of a more limited vocabulary, particularly in formal linguistic expressions by Romani children. The presented words representing differently functioning items can also serve as a basis for linguistic analysis and can be applied in assessing educational needs. When comparing the group of children based on their residence in a socially excluded locality, significant differences in the DIF were identified for one item from the Synonyms subtest and three items from the Antonyms subtest.
Spatial Heterogeneity in Fatal Overdose Rate Trends in Mexican Cities: 2005–2021
Authors: Henson Rosie Mae , Mullachery Pricila H. , Sánchez-Pájaro Andrés , Cruz-Cruz Copytzy , Bilal Usama , Langellier Brent , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh 
Published: May 2024

Objectives. To describe national and city-level fatal drug overdose trends between 2005 and 2021 in Mexico. Methods. We calculated fatal overdose rates at the city level in 3-year periods from 2005 to 2021 and annually at the national level for people aged 15 to 64 years in Mexico. We calculated rate differences and rate ratios for each city between periods. Results. The national fatal overdose rate was 0.53 overdose deaths per 100 000 population and was almost twice as high in urban than in nonurban areas. The national fatal overdose rate was stable over the period 2005 to 2014 and increased monotonically to a peak in 2021. Fatal overdose rates varied across cities. Cities with the 8 highest fatal overdose rates in the period were all in states along the US–Mexico border. Conclusions. Fatal overdoses have doubled over the past 15 years in Mexico. Overdose rates are particularly high and increasing in cities close to the US–Mexico border. Public Health Implications. There is a need for enhanced overdose surveillance data and coordinated harm reduction strategies, particularly in the northern border region of Mexico. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(7):705–713. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307650 )
Evaluating the Ability of Brachial Plexus-Injured Patients to Control an Externally Powered (Myoelectric) Hand Prosthesis
Authors: Lee Ellen Y. , Nelson Andrew W. , Sampson Brandon P. , Smither F. Clay , Pulos Nicholas , Bishop Allen T. , Spinner Robert J. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Restoration of hand function after traumatic brachial plexus injury (BPI) remains a formidable challenge. Traditional methods such as nerve or free muscle transfers yield suboptimal results. Advancements in myoelectric prostheses, characterized by novel signal acquisition and improved material technology, show promise in restoring functional grasp. This study evaluated the ability of adults with a BPI injury to control an externally powered prosthetic hand using nonintuitive signals, simulating the restoration of grasp with a myoelectric prosthesis. It also assessed the effectiveness of a comprehensive multidisciplinary evaluation in guiding treatment decisions.

Methods:
A multidisciplinary brachial plexus team assessed adults with compromised hand function due to BPI. The feasibility of amputation coupled with fitting of a myoelectric prosthesis for grasp reconstruction was evaluated. Participants' ability to control a virtual or model prosthetic hand using surface electromyography (EMG) as well as with contralateral shoulder motion-activated linear transducer signals was tested. The patient’s input and injury type, along with the information from the prosthetic evaluation, were used to determine the reconstructive plan. The study also reviewed the number of participants opting for amputation and a myoelectric prosthetic hand for grasp restoration, and a follow-up survey was conducted to assess the impact of the initial evaluation on decision-making.

Results:
Of 58 subjects evaluated, 47 (81%) had pan-plexus BPI and 42 (72%) received their initial assessment within 1 year post-injury. Forty-seven patients (81%) could control the virtual or model prosthetic hand using nonintuitive surface EMG signals, and all 58 could control it with contralateral uniscapular motion via a linear transducer and harness. Thirty patients (52%) chose and pursued amputation, and 20 (34%) actively used a myoelectric prosthesis for grasp. The initial evaluation was informative and beneficial for the majority of the patients, especially in demonstrating the functionality of the myoelectric prosthesis.

Conclusions:
The study indicates that adults with traumatic BPI can effectively operate a virtual or model myoelectric prosthesis using nonintuitive control signals. The simulation and multidisciplinary evaluation influenced informed treatment choices, with a high percentage of patients continuing to use the myoelectric prostheses post-amputation, highlighting its long-term acceptance and viability.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Integrated Optimization of Hybrid Steam-Solvent Injection in Post-CHOPS Reservoirs with Consideration of Wormhole Networks and Foamy Oil Behavior
Authors: Hou Senhan , Gu Daihong , Yang Daoyong , Yang Shikai , Zhao Min 
Published: May 2024

Summary
For this paper, integrated techniques have been developed to optimize the performance of the hybrid steam-solvent injection processes in a depleted post-cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS) reservoir with consideration of wormhole networks and foamy oil behavior. After a reservoir geological model has been built and calibrated with the measured production profiles, its wormhole network is inversely determined using the newly developed pressure-gradient-based (PGB) sand failure criterion. Such a calibrated reservoir geological model is then used to maximize the net present value (NPV) of a hybrid steam-solvent injection process by selecting injection time, soaking time, production time, injection rate, steam temperature, and steam quality as the controlling variables. The genetic algorithm (GA) has been integrated with orthogonal array (OA) and Tabu search to maximize the NPV by delaying the displacement front as well as extending the reservoir life under various strategies. Considering the wormhole network and foamy oil behavior and using the NPV as the objective function, such a modified algorithm can be used to allocate and optimize the production-injection strategies of each huff ‘n’ puff (HnP) cycle in a post-CHOPS reservoir with altered porosity and increased permeability within a unified, consistent, and efficient framework.
Spatiotemporal X-Ray Imaging of Neat and Viscosified CO2 in Displacement of Brine-Saturated Porous Media
Authors: Ding Boxin , Kantzas Apostolos , Firoozabadi Abbas 
Published: May 2024

Summary
CO2 storage in saline aquifers may contribute to a 90% share in preventing emissions to the atmosphere. Due to low CO2 viscosity at the subsurface often found in supercritical (sc) conditions, the injected CO2 may spread quickly at the formation top and increase the probability of leakage. This work relates to improved CO2 storage in saline aquifers by effective viscosification of the sc-CO2 at very low concentrations of engineered oligomers and the effectiveness of slug injection of viscosified CO2 (vis-CO2). We present the results from X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging to advance the understanding of two-phase CO2-brine flow in porous media and firmly establish the transport mechanisms.
X-ray CT imaging of displacement experiments is conducted to quantify the in-situ sc-CO2 saturation spatiotemporally. In neat CO2 injection, gravity override and adverse mobility ratio may result in early breakthrough and low sweep efficiency. We find cumulative brine production from the fraction collector to be lower than X-ray CT imaging at 2 pore volume (PV) injection. The difference between the two is attributed to the solubility of the produced water in the produced CO2 at atmospheric pressure. We show that when the solubility is accounted for, there is a good agreement between direct measurements and in-situ saturation results.
There are three reports (two by the same group) that oligomers of 1-decene (O1D) with six repeat units may have marginal CO2 viscosification. The majority of published work by other groups shows that O1D with six repeat units and higher are effective CO2 viscosifiers. In the past, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of an O1D in the displacement of brine by CO2 at a concentration of 1.5 wt%. The effectiveness is examined and identified by three different methods. In this work, we show that the same oligomer is effective at a low concentration of 0.6 wt%. The oligomer slows the breakthrough by 1.6 times and improves the brine production by 34% in the horizontal orientation. X-ray CT imaging results reveal that such a large effect may be from the increase in the interfacial elasticity. We also show that there is no need for continuous injection of the oligomer. A slug of 0.3 PV injection (PVI) of vis-CO2 followed by neat CO2 injection has the same effectiveness as the continuous injection of the vis-CO2. In this work, we also demonstrate the effectiveness of a new engineered molecule at 0.3 wt% that may increase residual trapping by about 35%. The combination of mobility control and residual brine saturation reduction is expected to improve CO2 storage by effective viscosification with low concentrations of oligomers.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Rock Mechanical Properties and Fracture Morphology Features on Lost Circulation
Authors: Shen Qihang , Liu Jian , Li Zaoyuan , Huang Sheng , Wu Xuning , Sun Jinfei , Su Donghua , Li Jin 
Published: May 2024

SummaryAt present, lost circulation remains a complicated drilling problem in fractured formations that needs to be addressed urgently. However, the influence of actual rock mechanical properties (RMP) and fracture morphological features (FMF) on lost circulation is easily ignored in the current research on leakage mechanism and evaluation, which may lead to deviation from the analysis results, thus affecting the success rate of plugging treatments. Therefore, the complicated effects have been investigated using the improved plugging experimental instruments in this paper. The results indicate that both RMP and FMF have a prominent influence on the plugging and sealing effects of plugging slurries. This research suggests that the bridging and plugging capabilities of the slurry can be improved by increasing the type and amount of lost circulation materials (LCM). Moreover, depending on the fracture morphology difference, the same plugging slurry will have different plugging effects on the same width-size opening fracture channel. In addition, a novel evaluation method is developed to assess the effective sealing ability of plugging slurry against formation fractures, which has been successfully applied in the field. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evaluation method that investigates simultaneously the mechanical properties of rocks and fracture characteristics of formations. The novel evaluation method incorporates the critical parameters of the lost circulation effect into the design of the plugging evaluation model. Thus, the proposed method can be used to quantitatively evaluate the plugging capability of the LCM and slurries and the loss capacity of the loss channels. However, the higher plugging coefficient (λ) of the slurry does not necessarily mean that the plugging slurry has a stronger plugging capacity (SP). Adopting the suitable fracture channel model can avoid overestimating or underestimating the plugging capability of the LCM slurries. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the formula design of the LCM slurry in combination with the geological engineering background. This perception has significant implications for the analysis of the lost circulation mechanisms and the optimization formula design of the plugging slurries.
Maternal immune activation and peripubertal stress synergistically produce reactive microglia and confine cerebellar cognitive function.
Authors: Ohtsuki Gen , Hikosaka Momoka , Parvez Md Sorwer Alam , Yamawaki Yuki , Oe Souichi , Liang Yuan , Wada Yayoi , Hirahara Yukie , Koike Taro , Imai Hirohiko , Oishi Naoya , Schalbetter Sina , Kumagai Asuka , Yoshida Mari , Sakurai Takeshi , Kitada Masaaki , Meyer Urs , Narumiya Shuh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The functional alteration of microglia emerges in the brains exposed to extrinsic stress insults during early development. Pathophysiological findings of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism implied a localized deficit of the cerebellum. However, the link between microglia reactivity and cerebellar dysfunction is missing. Here, we investigated the developmental immune environment of translational mouse models that combine two risk factors: maternal infection and repeated social defeat stress (i.e., 2HIT). We found synergy of inflammatory stress insults produced reactive microglia, specifically in the cerebellum in both sexes. The microglial proliferation correlated with the Purkinje neuron loss in 2HIT mice. Highly multiplexed imaging-mass-cytometry demonstrated a TREM2-positive population of stress-associated microglia in the cerebellum. Single-cell-proteomic clustering revealed IL-6- and TGFβ-signaling association with microglial cell transition. Purkinje cells reduced excitability, cerebellum-involved brain-wide functional dysconnectivity, and behavioral anomalies underpin the cerebellar cognitive dysfunctions in 2HIT animals, ameliorated by cerebellum-specific microglia replacement.
Determination of Trunk Neural Crest Cell Fate and Susceptibility to Splicing Perturbation by the DLC1-SF3B1-PHF5A Splicing Complex
Authors: Zheng Zhengfan , Guo Suisui , Rao Yanxia , Hui Man-Ning , Cheung May Pui Lai , Tam Hoi Yau , Wong Kelvin K. W. , Sharma Rakesh , Liu Jessica Aijia , Cheung Martin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Emerging evidence reveals the crucial role of ubiquitous splicing factors in neural crest (NC) development, which is highly susceptible to splicing dysregulation. How these factors integrate with the NC gene regulatory network (GRN) and contribute to the increased vulnerability of NC to splicing perturbations are not well understood. Here, we show that NC-specific DLC1, in association with the SF3B1-PHF5A splicing complex, are crucial for determining avian trunk NC cell fate by regulating the splicing of pre-mRNA for NC specifiers SOX9 and SNAI2 rather than their upstream regulators BMP4, WNT1, and PAX7 in the GRN. Mechanistically, SF3B1-PHF5A are associated with the branch point adenosine (BPA) of all the factors’ introns, while DLC1 binds specifically to the BPA at the introns of SOX9 and SNAI2, thereby determining the functional specificity of the SF3B1-PHF5A complex in NC specification. Moreover, DLC1 enhances the susceptibility of NC cells to the splicing modulator pladienolide B by reducing the binding capacity of the SF3B1-PHF5A splicing complex to the shorter length of both SOX9 intron 2 and SNAI2 intron 1, which have weaker polypyrimidine tract 3’ of the BPA, resulting in intron retention and loss of NC progenitors. Our data highlight the critical role of the DLC1-SF3B1-PHF5A splicing complex in determining trunk NC cell fate and conferring its increased susceptibility to splicing perturbation.
Universality of Anderson Localization Transitions in the Integer and Fractional Quantum Hall Regime
Authors: Bid Aveek , Kaur Simrandeep , Chanda Tanima , Amin Kazi , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Gorai Unmesh , Gefen Yuval , Sree G. J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Understanding the interplay between electronic interactions and disorder-induced localization has been a longstanding quest in the physics of quantum materials. One of the most convincing demonstrations of the scaling theory of localization for noninteracting electrons has come from plateau transitions in the integer quantum Hall effect [1] with short-range disorder [2], wherein the localization length diverges as the critical filling factor is approached with a measured scaling exponent close to the theoretical estimates [3]. In this work, we extend this physics to the fractional quantum Hall effect [4], a paradigmatic phenomenon arising from a confluence of interaction, disorder, and topology. We employ high-mobility trilayer graphene devices where the transport is dominated by short-range impurity scattering, and the extent of Landau level mixing can be varied by a perpendicular electric field [5, 6]. Our principal finding is that the plateau-to-plateau transitions from N+1/3 to N+2/5 and from N+2/5 to N+3/7 fractional states are governed by a universal scaling exponent, which is identical to that for the integer plateau transitions and is independent of the perpendicular electric field. These observations and the values of the critical filling factors are consistent with a description in terms of Anderson localization-delocalization transitions [7] of weakly interacting electron-flux bound states called composite Fermions [8-10]. This points to a universal effective physics underlying fractional and integer plateau-to-plateau transitions independent of the quasiparticle statistics of the phases and unaffected by weak Landau level mixing. Besides clarifying the conditions for the realization of the scaling regime for composite fermions, the work opens the possibility of exploring a wide variety of plateau transitions realized in graphene, including the fractional anomalous Hall phases [11] and non-abelian FQH states [12].
Performance and Emission Test of Diesel Engine Using Algae Oil Diesel Blend as an Alternative Fuel
Authors: V NARESH 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Increased urbanization and increase in population has led to an increased demand for fuels. The result is the prices of fuels are reaching new heights every day.The diesel engines has led to the emission of hazardous gases like Sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, which can further led to problems like acid rain.These emissions can also affect human health and increase global warming which has led to the need for alternate fuels.Biodiesel is one of the alternatives which are being widely studied and its production from oil seeds is limited by crop land displacement.Production of biodiesel from algae is a promising option. The present work aims to focus on the performance of diesel engine with algae oil as fuel.The properties of algae oil blends with diesel are tested in a variable compression ratio engine (VCR engine) and its performance and emission characteristics are studied.
Antagonistic-contracting-enabled high-power-output, wide-spectrum photo-oscillator for multifunctional actuations
Authors: He Ximin , Zhao Yusen , Liu Zixiao , Shi Pengju , Chen Chi , Alsaid Yousif , Yan Yichen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

High-power autonomous soft actuators are in high demand, yet face challenges related to tethered power and dedicated control. Light-driven oscillatory motion by stimuli-responsive polymers with remote energy input and control autonomy presents a new design paradigm, but generating high output power density is a daunting challenge, requiring a new material design principle. Herein, inspired by the flight-muscle structure of insects, we developed a self-oscillator based on two antagonistically-contracting photoactive layers sandwiching an inactive layer. The actuator can produce an output power density of 33W/kg, comparable to that of insects and 275-fold higher than other configurations. Such an oscillator allows for broad-wavelength operation and multifunction integration, including proprioceptive actuation and energy harvesting. We also demonstrated high-performance flapping motion enabling various locomotion modes, including sailboat, bi-directional walker, and flapping wing with a thrust-to-weight ratio of 0.32. This accomplishment represents a significant milestone in advancing autonomous, sustained, and untethered actuators for powerful robotics.