bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of selected biowaste materials pre-treatment on their anaerobic digestion
Authors: Takáčová Alžbeta , Mackluľak Tomáš , Smolinská Miroslava , Hutňan Miroslav , Olejníková Petra 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe topic of this study is the pre-treatment of substrates for anaerobic digestion. Two different substrates of algae Scenedesmus subspicatus (SAG 86.81), Chlorella kessleri (LARG/1) and foliage of Prunus serrulata were subjected to anaerobic digestion. A mixture of commercially available cellulolytic enzymes (Analytical science s.r.o., Modra, Slovakia) was used for anaerobic treatment of algae while the foliage of Prunus serrulata was pre-treated by lignolytic fungi. The highest production of methane per mass of volatile solids was reached with untreated Chlorella kessleri at (0.59 ± 0.04) L g−1. The addition of cellulolytic enzymes did not increase the production of methane from the algal substrate; however, a faster substrate degradation and thus also higher speed of methane production at the beginning of cultivation was achieved. After foliage pre-treatment by fungal isolate Pleurotus pulmonarius, isolated from natural habitats, the methane production increased five times. In this way we were able to speed up the processes of biological degradation of ligno-cellulose materials and thereby to increase the production of methane. Our results show the possibility of using algae as a suitable substrate for biogas production. On the other hand, also aerobic pre-treatment of foliage (Pleurotus pulmonarius) presents a successful way for speeding up the degradation of ligno-cellulose waste leading to increased methane yields.
Chemical engineering approach to regenerative medicine
Authors: Perale Giuseppe , Rossi Filippo , Veglianese Pietro , Masi Maurizio 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe intrinsically multi-factorial pathological trend of spinal cord injury is probably the most important reason behind the absence of efficient therapeutic strategies. Therefore, recent studies suggest the use of new tools combining the delivery of both cells and drugs. Systems which are able to perform multiple controlled delivery of different therapeutic agents have gained particularly strong interest. Hence, in order to avoid trial and error approaches, several studies were performed following the classic chemical engineering multiscale approach: tuning microchemistry to manipulate macro properties in order to satisfy specific medical needs as injectability, low stress on target tissues, ability to retain liquids, capability of carrying living cells, and possibility to control the delivery of drugs. In this framework we focused on injectable agarose-carbomer based hydrogels applying he results of our studies performed in the past two years: in vitro biocompatibility, physical chemical studies, drug delivery transport phenomena investigation, and in vivo biocompatibility in uninjured Brainbow mice.
Les enjeux juridiques et sociaux du recours aux enquêteurs privés pour surveiller les victimes de lésions professionnelles
Authors: Lippel Katherine 
Published: November 2011

Cet article examine le phénomène du recours aux enquêteurs privés dans le contexte des régimes d'indemnisation des victimes de lésions professionnelles. Plusieurs travailleuses et travailleurs accidentés font maintenant l'objet de la surveillance clandestine d'enquêteurs privés qui travaillent pour le compte de leur employeur et, dans certaines provinces, pour l'organisme public chargé d'appliquer la législation en matière d'indemnisation. La vidéo-filature est utilisée non seulement pour déceler des cas de fraude, par exemple lorsqu'un travailleur reçoit des indemnités tout en travaillant clandestinement, mais également pour démontrer que les travailleurs, au cours d'activités de la vie quotidienne, effectuent des mouvements que leur médecin juge incompatibles avec leurs limitations fonctionnelles. Nous examinerons différentes circonstances dans lesquelles la vidéo-filature a été utilisée et nous aborderons les enjeux juridiques et sociaux de l'utilisation de telles techniques dans ces circonstances. Les questions juridiques abordées comprennent les questions relatives au droit à la vie privée garanti par les Chartes et le Code civil du Québec, y compris celles qui sont relatives à l'admissibilité de la preuve, ainsi que les questions relatives à la responsabilité civile des commettants des enquêteurs pour les dommages attribuables aux gestes de l'enquêteur ou à l'existence même de la filature. L'article cible en particulier le droit québécois mais présente également des exemples provenant d'autres provinces. En conclusion, nous croyons pouvoir dire que le recours à de telles techniques dans le contexte d'un régime de sécurité sociale représente non seulement une violation de droits fondamentaux, mais contribue également à la stigmatisation de toute personne accidentée au travail et constitue un obstacle à une réadaptation rapide et efficace de ces justiciables aux prises avec des problèmes de santé.
The excess burden of osteoarthritis in the province of Ontario, Canada
Authors: Tarride Jean‐Eric , Haq Mahbubul , O'Reilly Daria J. , Bowen James M. , Xie Feng , Dolovich Lisa , Goeree Ron 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the burden of osteoarthritis (OA) in Canada. This study was undertaken to estimate the excess burden of OA in Ontario, the largest province in Canada.MethodsThe records of Ontarian respondents to the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) who provided consent to data linkage were linked to the Ontario Health Insurance Program physician claims database and the Discharge Abstract Database Inpatient and Day Procedure databases. Patients with OA (n = 1,474) were identified using CCHS 1.1 and the physician claims database. To determine the excess burden of OA, a control group matched by age, sex, and rural/urban status was created, with 3 controls per case (n = 4,422). Sociodemographic and medical characteristics, health‐related quality of life, and 1‐year physician, day (outpatient) procedure, and hospitalization costs were compared between the 2 groups. Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of medical characteristics, health utility, and cost.ResultsThe mean age of the OA patients and the control subjects was 66 years, and 74% of all study subjects were women. Several differences were observed between patients with OA and subjects without OA in terms of socioeconomic and medical characteristics. On a scale of 0–1, the mean utility value associated with OA was 0.68, compared to 0.84 for the control group (P < 0.0001), representing a utility decrement of 0.16. The 1‐year physician, outpatient procedure, and hospitalization costs were significantly higher in the OA group than in the non‐OA group ($2,233 Canadian versus $1,033 Canadian, respectively; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThese results indicate that the excess burden of OA in Ontario is considerable.
Remote measurement of river morphology via fusion of LiDAR topography and spectrally based bathymetry
Authors: Legleiter Carl J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThis study developed and evaluated a hybrid approach to remote measurement of river morphology that combines LiDAR topography with spectrally based bathymetry. Comparison of filtered LiDAR point clouds with surveyed cross‐sections indicated that subtle features on low‐relief floodplains were accurately resolved by LiDAR but that submerged areas could not be detected due to strong absorption of near‐infrared laser pulses by water. The reduced number of returns made the active channel evident in a LiDAR point density map. A second dataset suggested that pulse intensity also could be used to discriminate land from water via a threshold‐based masking procedure. Fusion of LiDAR and optical data required accurate co‐registration of images to the LiDAR, and we developed an object‐oriented procedure for achieving this alignment. Information on flow depths was derived by correlating pixel values with field measurements of depth. Highly turbid conditions dictated a positive relation between green band radiance and flow depth and contributed to under‐prediction of pool depths. Water surface elevations extracted from the LiDAR along the water's edge were used to produce a continuous water surface that preserved along‐channel variations in slope. Subtracting local flow depths from this surface yielded estimates of the bed elevation that were then combined with LiDAR topography for exposed areas to create a composite representation of the riverine terrain. The accuracy of this terrain model was assessed via comparison with detailed field surveys. A map of elevation residuals showed that the greatest errors were associated with underestimation of pool depths and failure to capture cross‐stream differences in water surface elevation. Nevertheless, fusion of LiDAR and passive optical image data provided an efficient means of characterizing river morphology that would not have been possible if either dataset had been used in isolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping of homozygous deletions in verified esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines and xenografts
Authors: Boonstra Jurjen J. , van Marion Ronald , Douben Hannie J. C. W. , Lanchbury Jerry S. , Timms Kirsten M. , Abkevich Victor , Tilanus Hugo W. , de Klein Annelies , Dinjens Winand N. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHuman esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) cell lines and xenografts are powerful tools in the search for genetic alterations because these models are composed of pure human cancer cell populations without admixture of normal human cells. In particular detection of homozygous deletions (HDs) is easier using these pure populations of cancer cells. Identification of HDs could potentially lead to the subsequent identification of new tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) involved in esophageal adenocarcinogenesis. Genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays were used to identify HDs in 10 verified EAC cell lines and nine EAC xenografts. In total, 61 HDs (range 1–6 per sample) were detected and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Besides HDs observed in common fragile genomic regions (n = 26), and gene deserts (n = 8), 27 HDs were located in gene‐containing regions. HDs were noted for known TSGs, including CDKN2A, SMAD4 and CDH3/CDH1. Twenty‐two new chromosomal regions were detected harboring potentially new TSGs involved in EAC carcinogenesis. Two of these regions of homozygous loss, encompassing the ITGAV and RUNX1 gene, were detected in multiple samples indicating a potential role in the carcinogenesis of EAC. To exclude culturing artifacts, these last two deletions were confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization in the primary tumors of which the involved cell lines and xenografts were derived. In summary, in this report we describe the identification of HDs in a series of verified EAC cell lines and xenografts. The deletions documented here are a step forward identifying the key genes involved in EAC development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Cognitive Model for Meetings in the Software Development Process
Authors: Misra Sanjay , Akman Ibrahim 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMeetings are at the heart of the software development process (SDP) and can be of different types. The present article first proposes an abstract cognitive model for meetings, which represents how different types of meetings are affected by cognitive activities at different stages within the SDP. Second, and based on the analysis of meetings at different stages of SDP, it proposes the removal of such meetings from some of the stages within the program by using a cognitive evaluation model for meetings and their replacement, instead, with information and communication technology tools and techniques by means of a cognitive evaluation model. The abstract cognitive model and the evaluation model are validated empirically through experimentation, carried out through a detailed analysis of a target group composed of information technology professionals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of rainfall on soil moisture and water movement in a subalpine dark coniferous forest in southwestern China
Authors: Xu Qing , Liu Shirong , Wan Xianchong , Jiang Chunqian , Song Xianfang , Wang Jingxin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWater content and movement in soil profile and hydrogen isotope composition (δD) of soil water, rainwater, and groundwater were examined in a subalpine dark coniferous forest in the Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan, China, following rainfall events in 2003–2004. Light rainfall increased water content in the litter and at soil depth of 0–80 cm, but the increased soil water was lost in several days. Heavy rainfall increased soil water content up to 85% at depths of 0–40 cm. Following the light rainfall in early spring, the δD of water from the litter, humus, illuvial, and material layers decreased first and then gradually reached the pre‐rainfall level. In summer, light rainfall reached the litter humus, and illuvial layer, but did not hit the material layer. Heavy rainfall affected δD of water in all layers. The δD of soil interflow slightly fluctuated with rainfall events. The δD of shallow groundwater did not differ significantly among all rainfall events. Light rainfall altered the shape of δD profile curve of water in the upper layer of soil, whereas heavy rainfall greatly affected the shape of δD profile curve of water in all soil layers. Following the heavy rainfall, preferential flow initially occurred through macropores, decayed plant roots, and rocks at different depths of soil profile. With continuing rainfall, the litter and surface soil were nearly saturated or fully saturated, and infiltration became homogeneous and plug‐like. Forest soil water, particularly in deeper soil profile, was slightly affected by rainfall and, thus, can be a source of water supply for regional needs, particularly during dry seasons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sublimation over seasonal snowpack at the southeastern edge of a desert in central Eurasia
Authors: Zhou Hong‐Fei , Zheng Xin‐Jun , Zhou Baojia , Dai Qiong , Li Yan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe Gurbantonggut Desert, China, is an ideal site for study of sublimation from the snowpack because there are sparse vegetation and simple topography, and the wind speed is not large enough to blow snow into the atmosphere from the snowpack. Daily sublimation was measured by manual snow lysimeters at 8:00, and an automatic weather station was deployed at the top of a stout longitudinal dune chain at the southeastern edge of the desert. It is shown that on a daily scale, there was an extremely significant no‐intercept linear relationship between the measured sublimation and that calculated by the bulk aerodynamic method, although the former was only 83.8% of the latter. It is also demonstrated that −10°C and 2 m/s were the thresholds where the sublimation varied with the air temperature and the wind speed. When these two thresholds were exceeded, the sublimation accelerated. However, the air temperature and the wind speed at 2 m above the ground averaged −17.2°C and 1.3 m/s, respectively, and the percentages of the time when the air temperature was below −10 °C and the wind speed was below 2 m/s were 76.9% and 85.1%, respectively. As a result, the rate of sublimation was quite low most of the time, and the thin snowpack remained in a quasi‐static state until the melt stage started. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High molecular weight polyacrylamides by atom transfer radical polymerization: Enabling advancements in water‐based applications
Authors: Appel Eric A. , del Barrio Jesús , Loh Xian Jun , Dyson Joseph , Scherman Oren A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThrough the use of copper (I) chloride (CuCl) and tris(2‐dimethylaminoethyl)amine (Me6‐TREN) as a metal/ligand pair, conditions for the robust, fast, and controlled radical polymerization of high molecular weightN‐hydroxyethylacrylamide (HEAm),N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm),N,N′‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAm), and acrylamide (Am) at ambient temperature are reported. Linear evolution of molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution was observed for all monomers with degrees of polymerization ranging from 50 to 5000. Random copolymers of several acrylamide‐based monomers are also reported with excellent control over molecular weight and polydispersity. Characterization of high molecular weight poly (NIPAm) demonstrated large changes in the lower critical solution temperature observed on heating and cooling, and this hysteresis was exploited for the controlled release of doxorubicin from poly(NIPAm) spheres. This study represents the first example of preparation of high molecular weight acrylamide polymers by a metal‐mediated controlled radical polymerization technique. Access to these materials, as well as to NIPAm polymers in particular, opens new doors for interesting applications in a variety of fields including tissue engineering, drug delivery, and controlled solution viscosity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Copolymerizations of propylene with functionalized long‐chain α‐olefins using group 4 organometallic catalysts and their membrane application
Authors: Zhao Ping , Shpasser Dina , Eisen Moris S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroduction of functional groups into polyolefins has the potential of broadening their end use. An attractive method for preparing polyolefins containing functional groups is the copolymerization of the olefins with α‐olefins containing a functional group. Copolymerizations of propylene with 10‐undecen‐1‐ol, containing a hydroxyl group protected by either TIBA or TBDMSCl, 11‐chloro‐1‐undecene, 5‐bromopent‐1‐ene and N‐allyl‐2,2,2‐trifluoroacetamide were performed using three organometallic catalysts: the metallocene rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 and two new benzamidinate catalysts [3‐C5H4NC(NSiCH3)2]2TiCl2 and [(m‐OMe‐C6H4NC(NSiCH3)2]2ZrCl2. 10‐Undecene‐1‐ol protected “in situ” with TIBA and N‐(dec‐9‐enyl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroacetamide gave copolymers with similar polar monomer incorporation percentages and molecular weights 17%; 28,900 g/mol for the protected 10‐undecene‐1‐ol, and 15%; 27,100 g/mol for N‐(dec‐9‐enyl)‐2,2,2‐trifluoroacetamide. 11‐Chloro‐1‐undecene gave copolymers with up to 22% incorporation for 0.12 M of the comonomer in the reaction feed. The obtained copolymers were characterized by NMR, DSC, and GPC. Membranes were prepared from two copolymers containing the hydroxyl groups (6 and 10%) and one copolymer containing chlorine groups (7%). The membranes prepared could be wetted in contrast to polypropylene membranes which do not contain functional groups. In addition, it was observed that for both type of membranes prepared from the different copolymers containing the hydroxyl groups, the flux was significantly greater than for the membrane prepared from the copolymer containing a chlorine groups. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Managing sensory expectations concerning products and brands: Capitalizing on the potential of sound and shape symbolism
Authors: Spence Charles 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this article, the evidence demonstrating the existence of a variety of robust crossmodal correspondences between both sounds (phonetic speech sounds, tones, and other parameters of musical expression) and shapes, and the sensory attributes (specifically the taste, flavor, aroma, and oral‐somatosensory attributes) of various foods and beverages is reviewed. The available research now clearly suggests that marketers can enhance their consumers' product experiences by ensuring that the sound symbolism of the brand name, as well as any shape symbolism of/on the labeling, and even the very shape of the packaging itself, sets up the right (i.e., congruent) product‐related sensory expectations in the mind of the consumer. In this review, the rapidly‐growing literature on the topic of sound and shape symbolism is critically evaluated. Potential caveats, limitations, and problems of interpretation with previous studies are highlighted. The question of whether this approach to sensory marketing should be considered as implicit (or functionally subconscious) is also addressed. Finally, some of the relative strengths and weaknesses of this approach to modulating a consumer's product‐related expectations (relative to various other approaches) are considered.
Celebrity advertising in the case of negative associations: discourse analysis of weblogs
Authors: Akturan Ulun 
Published: November 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine celebrity advertising in the case of negative associations.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 451 posts were captured permanently from randomly selected weblogs, and analyzed by discourse analysis. The basic emerging themes therein have been isolated and interpreted, and a model of celebrity endorsement in the case of negative information has been developed.FindingsWhen a celebrity becomes involved in an undesirable event, the consumers' perceptions of the celebrity may or may not change. This study argues that this situation is influenced by “the level of negativity”, “the level of blameworthiness”, “admiration” and the “message content”. In addition, it was found that the admiration affects the perceived image of the celebrity and it is also affected by “the level of negativity” and “the level of blameworthiness”. Furthermore, the message given is directly associated with the “negativity”, “blameworthiness”, “perception of the celebrity”, and “the perception of the brand”.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study examined only one case of celebrity advertising.Practical implicationsThe expectations and attitudes of the identified segments should be taken into consideration when firms develop marketing programs.Originality/valueThis study, unlike others, analyzes the case of the continuance of the endorsement relationship between the company and the negatively publicized celebrity.
Protecting from brand burn during times of crisis
Authors: Stephens Balakrishnan Melodena 
Published: November 2011

PurposeManaging brands during crisis (in the context of terrorism) does not have much historical research and the studies that exist focus on communication. Terrorism is more frequent; not easily prevented; and rarely a top management priority for risk management. The purpose of this paper is to use exiting theory on brand components and architecture to prevent brand burn. Brand burn is defined as the accidental negative impact formed on a brand due to a crisis outside the control of an organization, which may not be perceived as directly related to the organization's product or management.Design/methodology/approachCrises are characterized by an overload of information. The exploratory study uses a case study methodology to get insights on how to manage a brand through a crisis. To validate findings, triangulation using independent reviewers, theory and secondary reports is used.FindingsFirst, a conceptual framework to manage brand burn is presented. Second, from the practitioner's point of view, the paper provides a checklist that gives strategic tips for preparing for and managing brand crisis. The findings show that both brand components and brand architecture can be used to manage brands through crisis.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings contribute to theory by adding to the evolving literature on brand architecture, brand components and crisis management. Key challenges were organizing and prioritizing the vast amount of data from secondary sources, including social media sites; time was an issue as memories fade; and another limitation was getting official confirmation since perceptions play a key role.Originality/valueThis is the first study looking at a terrorist crisis from a brand management point of view. This paper contributes to theory by adding to the research in brand architecture and brand components and crisis management. Future studies can look at the model robustness in other crisis situations and the impact of managing social media.