bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Precaudal Elongation on Visceral Topography in a Basal Clade of Ray‐Finned Fishes
Authors: Ward Andrea B. , Kley Nathan J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractElongate body forms have evolved numerous times independently within Vertebrata. Such body forms have evolved in large part via changes to the vertebral column, either through addition or lengthening of vertebrae. Previous studies have shown that body elongation in fishes has evolved most frequently through the addition of caudal vertebrae. In contrast, however, body elongation in Polypteriformes, a basal clade of ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii), has evolved through the addition of precaudal vertebrae; one genus, Erpetoichthys, has approximately twice as many precaudal vertebrae as do members of its sister genus, Polypterus. Thus, polypteriform fishes provide an excellent opportunity to study the effects of precaudal elongation on the gross morphology and organization of visceral organs contained within the body cavity. In this study, we document the anteroposterior positions of most major visceral organs in representative species of both genera (E. calabaricus and P. palmas), relative to both vertebral number and percent pre‐anal length. We found that, whereas the positions of the anterior and posterior borders of the visceral organs relative to percent pre‐anal length were generally similar between the two species, most visceral organs were positioned further posteriorly in E. calabaricus than in P. palmas with respect to vertebral number. Based on previous determinations of the molecular control of anteroposterior patterning of the visceral organs, we discuss which possible changes in gene expression may have led to the anatomical modifications seen in the visceral morphology of Erpetoichthys. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal Subregions are Differentially Affected in the Progression to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Greene Sarah J. , Killiany Ronald J. ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2011

AbstractAtrophy within the hippocampus (HP) as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising biomarker for the progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subregions of the HP along the longitudinal axis have been found to demonstrate unique function, as well as undergo differential changes in the progression to AD. Little is known of relationships between such HP subregions and other potential biomarkers, such as neuropsychological (NP), genetic, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) beta amyloid and tau measures. The purpose of this study was to subdivide the hippocampus to determine how the head, body, and tail were affected in normal control, mild cognitively impaired, and AD subjects, and investigate relationships with HP subregions and other potential biomarkers. MRI scans of 120 participants of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were processed using FreeSurfer, and the HP was subdivided using 3D Slicer. Each subregion was compared among groups, and correlations were used to determine relationships with NP, genetic, and CSF measures. Results suggest that HP subregions are undergoing differential atrophy in AD, and demonstrate unique relationships with NP and CSF data. Discriminant function analyses revealed that these regions, when combined with NP and CSF measures, were able to classify by diagnostic group, and classify MCI subjects who would and would not progress to AD within 12 months. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contribution of taxane biosynthetic pathway gene expression to observed variability in paclitaxel accumulation in Taxus suspension cultures
Authors: Patil Rohan A. , Kolewe Martin E. , Normanly Jennifer , Walker Elsbeth L. , Roberts Susan C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractVariability in product accumulation is one of the major obstacles limiting the widespread commercialization of plant cell culture technology to supply natural product pharmaceuticals. Despite extensive process engineering efforts, which have led to increased yields, plant cells exhibit variability in productivity that is poorly understood. Elicitation of Taxus cultures with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induces paclitaxel accumulation, but to varying extents in different cultures. In the current study, cultures with different aggregation profiles were established to create predictable differences in paclitaxel accumulation upon MeJA elicitation. Expression of known paclitaxel biosynthetic genes in MeJA‐elicited cultures exhibiting both substantial (15‐fold) and moderate (2‐fold) differences in paclitaxel accumulation was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Each population exhibited the characteristic large increase in paclitaxel pathway gene expression following MeJA elicitation; however, differences in expression between populations were minor, and only observed for the cultures with the 15‐fold variation in paclitaxel content. These data suggest that although upregulation of biosynthetic pathway gene expression contributes to observed increases in paclitaxel synthesis upon elicitation with MeJA, there are additional factors that need to be uncovered before paclitaxel productivity can be fully optimized.
Determinants of Traditional Sustainability Reporting Versus Integrated Reporting. An Institutionalist Approach
Authors: Jensen Julia Catharina , Berg Nicola 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to analyze similarities and differences between companies with traditional sustainability reporting (TSR) and those that publish integrated reports. Based on institutional theory we identify potential determinants of integrated reporting (IR) and test their relevance empirically in a sample of 309 companies. Our analysis shows that IR companies are different from TSR companies with regard to several country‐level determinants. In particular, investor and employment protection laws, the intensity of market coordination and ownership concentration, the level of economic, environmental and social development, the degree of national corporate responsibility and the value system of the country of origin proved to be relevant. Based on these results, both implications for practice and future studies are derived. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Huge Dielectric Response and Molecular Motions in Paddle‐Wheel [CuII2(Adamantylcarboxylate)4(DMF)2]⋅(DMF)2
Authors: Ye Qiong , Takahashi Kiyonori , Hoshino Norihisa , Kikuchi Takemitsu , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Noro Shin‐ichiro , Takeda Sadamu , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe temperature‐dependent dynamic properties of [CuII2(ADCOO)4(DMF)2]⋅(DMF)2 (1) and [CuII2(ADCOO)4(AcOEt)2] (2) crystals were examined by X‐ray crystallography, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and measurements of the dielectric constants and magnetic susceptibilities (ADCOO=adamantane carboxylate, DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide, and AcOEt=ethyl acetate). In both crystals, four ADCOO groups bridged a binuclear CuIICuII bond, forming a paddle‐wheel [CuII2(ADCOO)4] structure. The oxygen atoms of two DMF molecules in crystal 1 and two AcOEt molecules in crystal 2 were coordinated at axial positions of the [CuII2(ADCOO)4] moiety, forming [CuII2(ADCOO)4(DMF)2] and [CuII2(ADCOO)4(AcOEt)2], respectively. Two additional DMF molecules were included in the unit cell of crystal 1, whereas AcOEt was not included in the unit cell of crystal 2. The structural analyses of crystal 1 at 300 K showed three‐fold rotation of the adamantyl groups, whereas rotation of the adamantyl groups of crystal 2 at 300 K was not observed. Thermogravimetric measurements of crystal 1 indicated a gradual elimination of DMF upon increasing the temperature above 300 K. The dynamic behavior of the crystallized DMF yielded significant temperature‐dependent dielectric responses in crystal 1, which showed a huge dielectric peak at 358 K in the heating process. In contrast, only small frequency‐dependent dielectric responses were observed in crystal 2 because of the freezing of the molecular rotation of the adamantyl groups. The magnetic behavior was dominated by the strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the two S=1/2 spins of the CuIICuII site, with magnetic exchange energies (J) of −265 K (crystal 1) and −277 K (crystal 2).
Comparative analysis of type II classic cadherin mRNA distribution patterns in the developing and adult mouse somatosensory cortex and hippocampus suggests significant functional redundancy
Authors: Lefkovics Kornél , Mayer Mátyás , Bercsényi Kinga , Szabó Gábor , Lele Zsolt 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe type II classic cadherin subfamily contains a number of extensively studied genes (cdh6, cdh8, cdh11); however, the expression and function of the other members have only been partially described. Here we employed reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and in situ hybridization to characterize cortical and hippocampal expression of all type II cadherins (with the exception of the nonneural Cdh5) in the developing and adult mouse brain. Many of these genes have ubiquitous mRNA distribution patterns throughout development, indicating high functional redundancy, which might be necessary for safe production of the strictly laminated structure of these regions. A few of the genes examined, however, exhibit a unique spatiotemporal pattern of expression, particularly during cortical development, indicating a potentially specific function. In the developing and adult hippocampus, almost all of these genes are strongly expressed in glutamatergic neurons of the CA1‐CA3 pyramidal cell layer and the granular layer of the dentate gyrus. In contrast, there are significant expression differences within the GABAergic cells of the adult hippocampus. Our results indicate that selective expression of type II cadherins may generate a flexible cell‐adhesion machinery for developing neurons to selectively bind to each other, but can also provide a high level of security due to the multiple overlaps in the expression domains. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1387–1405, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Undersized dendritic arborizations in retinal ganglion cells of the rd1 mutant mouse: A paradigm of early onset photoreceptor degeneration
Authors: Damiani Devid , Novelli Elena , Mazzoni Francesca , Strettoi Enrica 
Published: November 2011

AbstractRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a family of inherited diseases causing progressive photoreceptor death. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) form the biological substrate for various therapeutic approaches designed to restore vision in RP individuals. Assessment of survival and preservation of RGCs in animal paradigms mimicking the human disease is of key importance for appropriate implementation of vision repair strategies. Here we studied the survival of RGCs in the rd1 mutant mouse, a known model of early onset, autosomic recessive RP, at various stages of photoreceptor degeneration. Furthermore, we analyzed the morphology of various types of RGCs using the newly generated transgenic mouse rd1/Thy1‐GFP, in which the rd1 mutation is associated with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in a small population of different RGCs. We found excellent survival of cells at up to 1 year of age, a time at which the inner retina is known to have severely reorganized and partially degenerated. However, 50% of the cells analyzed within all RGC types exhibit an undersized dendritic tree, spanning about half of the normal area. Undersized cells are found both in adult and in very young (1‐month‐old) mice. This suggests that their aberrant phenotype is due to incomplete dendritic development, possibly as a consequence of altered visual input at the time of dendritic arbor refinement. These data show the importance of the timing of photoreceptor death in RGC dendritic development. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1406–1423, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bilateral connectivity in the brainstem respiratory networks of lampreys
Authors: Gariépy Jean‐François , Missaghi Kianoush , Chartré Shannon , Robert Maxime , Auclair François , Dubuc Réjean 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study examines the connectivity in the neural networks controlling respiration in the lampreys, a basal vertebrate. Previous studies have shown that the lamprey paratrigeminal respiratory group (pTRG) plays a crucial role in the generation of respiration. By using a combination of anatomical and physiological techniques, we characterized the bilateral connections between the pTRGs and descending projections to the motoneurons. Tracers were injected in the respiratory motoneuron pools to identify pre‐motor respiratory interneurons. Retrogradely labeled cell bodies were found in the pTRG on both sides. Whole‐cell recordings of the retrogradely labeled pTRG neurons showed rhythmical excitatory currents in tune with respiratory motoneuron activity. This confirmed that they were related to respiration. Intracellular labeling of individual pTRG neurons revealed axonal branches to the contralateral pTRG and bilateral projections to the respiratory motoneuronal columns. Stimulation of the pTRG induced excitatory postsynaptic potentials in ipsi‐ and contralateral respiratory motoneurons as well as in contralateral pTRG neurons. A lidocaine HCl (Xylocaine) injection on the midline at the rostrocaudal level of the pTRG diminished the contralateral motoneuronal EPSPs as well as a local injection of 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX) and (2R)‐amino‐5‐phosphonovaleric acid (AP‐5) on the recorded respiratory motoneuron. Our data show that neurons in the pTRG send two sets of axonal projections: one to the contralateral pTRG and another to activate respiratory motoneurons on both sides through glutamatergic synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1442–1456, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Localization of endogenous morphine‐like compounds in the mouse spinal cord
Authors: Laux Alexis , Delalande François , Mouheiche Jinane , Stuber Denise , Van Dorsselaer Alain , Bianchi Enrica , Bezard Erwan , Poisbeau Pierrick , Goumon Yannick 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMorphine, codeine, morphine‐6‐glucuronide, and morphine‐3‐glucuronide are synthesized de novo in mammalian cells and in the central nervous system. Knowledge on endogenous morphine‐like compound distribution in the adult mouse brain has been recently improved, and new hypotheses have been suggested about the potential implications in brain physiology. Endogenous morphine‐like compounds have been shown to be synthesized in the spinal cord, but their localization is unknown. Here we describe the distribution of endogenous morphine‐like compounds (morphine and/or its glucuronides and/or codeine) in the adult mouse spinal cord using a well‐validated antibody. By using different microscopy approaches, we found the presence of morphine, codeine, or morphine glucuronides in γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic neurons and astrocytes of the spinal cord. Whereas GABAergic neurons containing endogenous morphine‐like compounds were located primarily in the ventral horn, astrocytes that were labeled for morphine‐like compounds were found throughout the gray matter and the white matter. Our study demonstrates the possibility that endogenous morphine‐like compounds in the central nervous system have other functions beyond their analgesic functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1547–1561, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of adenylate cyclase 1 in retinofugal map development
Authors: Dhande Onkar S. , Bhatt Shivani , Anishchenko Anastacia , Elstrott Justin , Iwasato Takuji , Swindell Eric C. , Xu Hong‐Ping , Jamrich Milan , Itohara Shigeyoshi , Feller Marla B. , Crair Michael C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe development of topographic maps of the sensory periphery is sensitive to the disruption of adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1) signaling. AC1 catalyzes the production of cAMP in a Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent manner, and AC1 mutant mice (AC1−/−) have disordered visual and somatotopic maps. However, the broad expression of AC1 in the brain and the promiscuous nature of cAMP signaling have frustrated attempts to determine the underlying mechanism of AC1‐dependent map development. In the mammalian visual system, the initial coarse targeting of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) projections to the superior colliculus (SC) and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is guided by molecular cues, and the subsequent refinement of these crude projections occurs via an activity‐dependent process that depends on spontaneous retinal waves. Here, we show that AC1−/− mice have normal retinal waves but disrupted map refinement. We demonstrate that AC1 is required for the emergence of dense and focused termination zones and elimination of inaccurately targeted collaterals at the level of individual retinofugal arbors. Conditional deletion of AC1 in the retina recapitulates map defects, indicating that the locus of map disruptions in the SC and dorsal LGN of AC1−/− mice is presynaptic. Finally, map defects in mice without AC1 and disrupted retinal waves (AC1−/−;β2−/− double KO mice) are no worse than those in mice lacking only β2−/−, but loss of AC1 occludes map recovery in β2−/− mice during the second postnatal week. These results suggest that AC1 in RGC axons mediates the development of retinotopy and eye‐specific segregation in the SC and dorsal LGN. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:1562–1583, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine needle aspiration cytology of Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors of ovary masquerading as dysgerminoma
Authors: Arora Sandeep Kumar , Dey Pranab 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHerein, we described a case of a 29‐year‐old female with a large ovarian mass. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the mass showed discrete round to oval cells in a fatty vacuolated background. FNAC diagnosis of dysgerminoma was suggested. The histology of the tumors showed features of poorly differentiated Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors. We discussed the diagnostic pitfalls of this case on FNAC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration of a splenic hemangioma with extramedullary hematopoiesis
Authors: Hudson Jena B. , Murad Faris M. , Kunkel Julie E. , Collins Brian T. 
Published: November 2011

Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) is the production of mature blood elements outside of the bone marrow and can occur as a compensatory result of a marrow replacing process or from marrow space occupying lesions such as tumor or marrow fibrosis. EMH can also be induced by factors elicited by neoplasms, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Usually, EMH is a diffuse process most commonly observed in lymph nodes, liver, and spleen. Rarely, EMH can form a mass lesion. Although the spleen is a common site for diffuse EMH, it is a rare location for a mass forming EMH. Hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the spleen.A case of a discrete, 8 cm lesion was noted incidentally on CT scan in a 59‐year‐old man with no significant past medical history. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS FNA) biopsy was performed and cytologic examination revealed trilinear hematopoiesis, with the most distinctive elements being megakaryocytes and erythroid precursors. A diagnosis of EMH was made. On resection, the mass was a hemangioma with EMH.EUS guided FNA is a useful tool for diagnosing splenic masses. Awareness of EMH, both as a mass forming lesion and a feature associated with benign and malignant vascular lesions is important, especially in patients with hematologic malignancies or marrow replacing processes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:1086–1090. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of transient receptor potential melastatin related 7 channel by presenilins
Authors: Oh Hyun Geun , Chun Yoon Sun , Kim Yonjung , Youn Sung Hee , Shin Sora , Park Myoung Kyu , Kim Tae‐Wan , Chung Sungkwon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPresenilins (PS1 and PS2) are multifunctional proteins involved in a diverse array of molecular and cellular functions, including proteolysis, development, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, ion channel regulation and phospholipid metabolism. Mutations in presenilin genes are responsible for the majority of Familial Alzheimer disease (FAD). Consequently, FAD‐associated mutations in genes encoding PS1 or PS2 lead to several key cellular phenotypes, including alterations in proteolysis of β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Ca2+ entry. The mechanism underlying presenilin (PS)‐mediated modulation of Ca2+ entry remains to be determined. Our previous studies showed that the PS‐dependent down‐regulation of phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP2) is attributable to the observed Ca2+ deficits. In this study, we attempted to identify the ion channel that is subject to the PIP2 and PS‐dependent modulation. We found that Ca2+ or Zn2+ entry via the transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) channel was attenuated by the presence of FAD‐associated PS1 mutants, such as ΔE9 and L286V. TRPM7 has been implicated in Mg2+ homeostasis and embryonic development. The intracellular delivery of PIP2 restored TRPM7‐mediated Ca2+ influx, indicating that the observed deficits in Ca2+ entry are due to downregulation of PIP2. Conversely, PS1 and PS2 deficiency, previously shown to upregulate PIP2 levels, potentiated TRPM7‐mediated Ca2+ influx. PS‐dependent changes in Ca2+ influx could be neutralized by a TRPM7 channel blocker. Collectively, these results indicate that TRPM7 may underlie the Ca2+ entry deficits observed in FAD‐associated PS mutants and suggest that the normal function of PS involves regulation of TRPM7 through a PIP2‐dependent mechanism. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 865–877, 2012
Quantification of pralidoxime (2‐PAM) in urine by ion pair chromatography‐diode array detection: application to in vivo samples from minipig
Authors: John Harald , Eddleston Michael , Eddie Clutton R. , Worek Franz , Thiermann Horst 
Published: November 2011

Pralidoxime (2‐PAM) is a monopyridinium oxime used as an antidote for the treatment of poisoning with organophosphorus (OP) compounds, for example, pesticides and nerve agents, reactivating OP‐inhibited acetylcholinesterase. However, appropriate dosing and efficacy remains a matter of discussion requiring experimental data.Therefore, we developed and validated an ion pair chromatography‐diode array detection (IPC‐DAD) method suitable for quantitative analysis of 2‐PAM in human and porcine urine. Before injection of 20 µl, urine was acidified with trichloroacetic acid, mixed with internal standard (pyridine‐4‐aldoxime, 4‐PAO), and diluted with IPC solvent yielding a total dilution of 1:49.5 and a 100% recovery. Isocratic separation was carried out at 25 °C on a LiChrospher 60 RP‐select B column (125 x 4.0 mm I.D.) using phosphate buffer (7.5 mM Na2HPO4, 7.5 mM KH2PO4, pH 2.6) mixed with octanesulfonate (2.5 mM) as ion pair reagent and acetonitrile (6% v/v) as organic modifier (1 ml/min). 2‐PAM was detected at 293 nm and 4‐PAO at 275 nm. The method is rugged, selective, and characterized by good intra‐day and inter‐day precision (RSD, 1.3–6.0%) and accuracy (88–100%) with a limit of detection at 4.9 µg/ml, a limit of quantification at 9.8 µg/ml, and a broad calibration range from 4.9–2500 µg/ml.The procedure was applied to urine samples obtained from dimethoate poisoned minipigs receiving 2‐PAM therapy (intravenous bolus injection and infusion). Results indicate that 60–80% of infused 2‐PAM is rapidly (within 1–2 h) excreted in the urine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.