bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Theranostic Delivery of Capsaicin as Anti‐Cancer Drug and Fluorescent Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Küçüktürkmen Berrin , Öz Umut Can , Er Engin , Gómez I. Jénnifer , Tekneci Seda İpek , Eşim Özgür , Özköse Umut Uğur , Gülyüz Sevgi , Üstündağ Aylin , Yılmaz Özgür , Zajíčková Lenka , Bozkır Asuman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, multifunctional nanocarriers that provide simultaneous drug delivery and imaging have attracted enormous attention, especially in cancer treatment. In this research, a biocompatible fluorescent multifunctional nanocarrier is designed for the co‐delivery of capsaicin (CPS) and nitrogen‐doped graphene quantum dots (N‐GQDs) using the pH sensitive amphiphilic block copolymer (poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone), PEtOx‐b‐PCL). The effects of the critical formulation parameters (the amount of copolymer, the concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a stabilizing agent in the inner aqueous phase, and volume of the inner phase) are evaluated to achieve optimal nanoparticle (NP) properties using Central Composite Design. The optimized NPs demonstrated a desirable size distribution (167.8 ± 1.4 nm) with a negative surface charge (−19.9 ± 0.4) and a suitable loading capacity for CPS (70.80 ± 0.05%). The CPS & N‐GQD NPs are found to have remarkable toxicity on human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF‐7). The solid fluorescent signal is acquired from cells containing multifunctional NPs, according to the confocal microscope imaging results, confirming the significant cellular uptake. This research illustrates the enormous potential for cellular imaging and enhanced cancer therapy offered by multifunctional nanocarriers that combine drug substances with the novel fluorescent agents.
Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes: functions and roles in cancers
Authors: Dakal Tikam Chand , Dhabhai Bhanupriya , Pant Anuja , Moar Kareena , Chaudhary Kanika , Yadav Vikas , Ranga Vipin , Sharma Narendra Kumar , Kumar Abhishek , Maurya Pawan Kumar , Maciaczyk Jarek , Schmidt‐Wolf Ingo G. H. , Sharma Amit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCancer, being the most formidable ailment, has had a profound impact on the human health. The disease is primarily associated with genetic mutations that impact oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Recently, growing evidence have shown that X‐linked TSGs have specific role in cancer progression and metastasis as well. Interestingly, our genome harbors around substantial portion of genes that function as tumor suppressors, and the X chromosome alone harbors a considerable number of TSGs. The scenario becomes even more compelling as X‐linked TSGs are adaptive to key epigenetic processes such as X chromosome inactivation. Therefore, delineating the new paradigm related to X‐linked TSGs, for instance, their crosstalk with autosome and involvement in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis becomes utmost importance. Considering this, herein, we present a comprehensive discussion of X‐linked TSG dysregulation in various cancers as a consequence of genetic variations and epigenetic alterations. In addition, the dynamic role of X‐linked TSGs in sex chromosome–autosome crosstalk in cancer genome remodeling is being explored thoroughly. Besides, the functional roles of ncRNAs, role of X‐linked TSG in immunomodulation and in gender‐based cancer disparities has also been highlighted. Overall, the focal idea of the present article is to recapitulate the findings on X‐linked TSG regulation in the cancer landscape and to redefine their role toward improving cancer treatment strategies.
How do young identify plants? Using the drawing method to explore early ethnobotanical knowledge in Madagascar
Authors: Porcher Vincent , Gallois Sandrine , Reyes‐García Victoria , Raketabakoly Sitrakinaina Clara , Alvarez‐Fernández Santiago , Carrière Stéphanie M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In small‐scale societies, people learn to identify plant species during childhood. Plant recognition is an important baseline knowledge, immediately useful to avoid intoxication risk due to wrong identification. Plant recognition is the basis of other ethnobotanical knowledge essential for safeguarding biocultural diversity. However, despite many studies on folk classification, we still have a narrow understanding of the criteria locally used for species identification; the gap being even larger regarding children's plant identification criteria.

Here, we study the criteria used by Betsileo children and adolescents to identify wild edible plant (WEP) species using a child‐adapted method including drawings and follow‐up interviews. We worked with 80 teenagers (from 12 to 17 years old; 51 girls, and 29 boys).

Our results suggest that teenagers use a large spectrum of visual criteria to identify plants and that these criteria match with botanical and ecological knowledge documented in the literature and herbarium vouchers. We found that 35% of the identification criteria used were non‐morphological (e.g. phenology, biotic interactions), suggesting deep ecological knowledge.

On average, teenagers use more than nine distinct criteria per plant, which allows them to identify most plant species with a very high level of precision. The precision level of plant representation increases with age for boys, but remains constant for girls, suggesting different dynamics in plant identification knowledge acquisition.

We also found that boys and girls use different identification criteria: girls focus on morphological criteria while boys also incorporate ecological criteria, such as landscape features and biotic interactions, in their spectrum of identification keys.

Our results highlight the complexity of teenagers' plant knowledge and the importance of the ecological context and gender in plant identification's knowledge acquisition.

This knowledge acquired very early in childhood, constitutes the foundation of future interactions with nature and should be at the heart of environmental humanities studies and knowledge co‐production projects to tackle socio‐ecological concerns. Hence, we urge further research to explore innovative methods that complement traditional ethnoecological tools and capture complex sensory aspects of folk children's taxonomy to better understand human‐plant interactions and knowledge.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Effects of boron nitride nanoplates on the dielectric and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes/silicone rubber composites
Authors: Zeng Yu , Tang Lu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have aroused great attentions in silicone rubber (SR) composites due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties. However, the distribution of CNTs is not ideal because of the agglomeration effect of nanomaterials. Incorporating different dimensional nanofillers may be a solution. In this work, two‐dimensional boron nitride (BN) was added to fabricate CNTs/BN/SR composites. The results showed that BN could benefit the dispersion of CNTs and improve the dielectric and mechanical behaviors of the composites. Large dielectric constant (5.35, 92% more than pure SR) with extremely low loss tangent (0.00108) was obtained in the SR composites incorporated with 2 wt% CNTs and 5 wt% BN. High tensile stress (836 kPa) and elongation at break (332%) were also achieved, with a low elastic modulus of 557 kPa. Besides, the CNTs/BN/SR composites had thermal stability up to 400°C. Thus, enhanced dielectric and mechanical properties were achieved in CNTs/BN/SR composites by incorporating different dimensional nanofillers, which have great potential applications in dielectric elastomer composites.
A review of recent advances in MXenes/polymer‐based electromagnetic interference shielding materials
Authors: Lang Li , Zou Yixuan , Wang Yaru , Men Jingyi , Cheng Jiawei , Yan Xinwei , Zhu Jianyu , Liu Yaqing , Zhang Shengrui , Li Zhizhou , Ji Xiaohui , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe booming development of mobile devices has remarkably improved the lives of people, but it also leads to severe electromagnetic radiation problems. Therefore, it has become significantly important to develop electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials for electromagnetic protection. In recent years, MXenes have attracted much attention in the field of EMI shielding, owing to outstanding electrical conductivity, high specific surface area and hydrophilicity. Firstly, this review introduces EMI shielding mechanism and categorization of EMI shielding materials. Subsequently, the research progress of MXenes/polymer‐based EMI shielding materials is reviewed in detail, especially for preparation methods of MXenes/polymer‐based EMI shielding blocks. Finally, the key scientific problems in MXenes/polymer‐based EMI shielding materials are proposed, and their development trend are prospected.Highlights
The EMI shielding mechanism and categorization of EMI shielding materials is presented.
The latest research progress of MXenes/polymer‐based EMI shielding materials is reviewed.
Scientific problems for MXenes/polymer‐based EMI shielding materials are proposed.
Development trend of MXenes/polymer‐based EMI shielding materials is prospected.
Study on non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of Poly (butylene terephthalate)/Poly (ethylene terephthalateco‐1,4‐cylclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) blends
Authors: Zhang Wenshuai , Chen Yanming , Wang Liyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPoly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/poly (ethylene glycol‐co‐cyclohexane‐1, 4‐dimethanolterephthalate) (PETG) blends were prepared by melt blending using a twin screw extruder. The non‐isothermal crystallization behaviors of PBT/PETG blends were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the crystallization peaks of the PBT/PETG blends moved gradually toward lower temperature and the crystallinity decreased with the increase of PETG content. The PBT/PETG blends all show double melting peaks, which the low‐melting peak temperature Tm1 becomes lower as the cooling rate increases, but the high‐melting peak temperature Tm2 is not related to the cooling rate. The Jeziorny's method showed that the faster the cooling rate is, the shorter the crystallization time is required for the PBT/PETG blends. The Mo's method showed that the crystallization rate of the blends initially decreased and then increased with the addition of more PETG. The activation energy of non‐isothermal crystallization calculated by the Kissinger method is similar to that of the Takhor method.Highlights
The efficient blending of PBT and PETG was realized by twin screw extruder, which opened up a new way for the preparation of polymer materials.
The crystallization behavior of PBT/PETG blends was successfully regulated, and the effect of PETG content on the crystallization peak temperature and crystallinity was revealed.
The crystallization characteristics and kinetic behavior of the blends were comprehensively evaluated by DSC, Jeziorny method, Mo Zhishen method, and Kissinger method.
Increasing the bioavailability of oral esketamine by a single dose of cobicistat: A case study
Authors: Vos Cornelis F. , Hemminga Wietske L. , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Ruhé Henricus G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntranasal esketamine is an approved drug for treatment‐resistant depression (TRD); however, it is costly and may result in specific adverse effects. In this single case study, we explored if oral esketamine can be a suitable alternative.MethodsIn collaboration with a 39‐year‐old female with TRD, we compared plasma concentration curves of intranasal (84 mg) and oral (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg) esketamine. Because oral esketamine has a relatively low bioavailability, it results in a different ratio between esketamine and its primary metabolite noresketamine. To increase the bioavailability of oral esketamine, we co‐administered a single dose of the cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor cobicistat (150 mg).ResultsFor all doses administered, oral esketamine resulted in lower esketamine but higher noresketamine peak plasma concentrations compared with intranasal treatment. Using oral esketamine it was not possible to generate a similar esketamine plasma concentration curve as with the intranasal treatment, except when combined with cobicistat (esketamine 2 mg/kg plus cobicistat 150 mg).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that cobicistat effectively increases the bioavailability of oral esketamine. Further research is required in a larger population, especially to investigate the clinical benefit of cobicistat as a booster drug for oral esketamine.
“Time has come again” for career pathways: Workforce development for youth in the US
Authors: Collins Mary E. , Spindle‐Jackson Adrianna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractYouth who are not in school and not working may be labeled “disconnected” or “opportunity youth,” and are recognized as a population that requires intervention to establish a trajectory that avoids poverty and leads to economic stability. In this study, we aim to contribute to this discussion by reporting data from two recent studies of workforce development systems’ attention to opportunity youth. We address the question: How do workforce development systems implement the concepts of career pathways and sector strategies in their work with youth? The method involved studying 29 workforce development boards’ approach to youth populations. We conducted semi‐structured, in‐depth qualitative interviews with 62 subjects. Thematic analysis was used to identify key findings related to sector strategies, utility of the career pathways concept, challenges in applying the pathways concept to youth populations, and impacts of coronavirus disease 2019. We identify next steps in policy and research to further support youth in attaining sustainable employment.
Reliability and maintainability estimation of a multi‐failure‐cause system under imperfect maintenance
Authors: Safaei Fatemeh , Taghipour Sharareh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEstimating the reliability and maintainability (R & M) parameters is crucial in various industrial applications. It serves purposes such as evaluating system performance and safety, minimising the risk and cost of potential failures, and designing efficient maintenance strategies. This task becomes challenging for complex repairable systems, where failures can occur due to different causes and performance may be affected by various covariates (such as material, environment, and labour). Another challenge in R & M studies arises from the presence of censorship in failure times. Existing methodologies often fail to account for all the aforementioned aspects of system‐related data in R & M analysis. By incorporating valuable information from covariates and utilising data from censored failure times alongside complete failure data, the accuracy of R & M parameter estimation can be significantly improved. This paper develops reliability models for repairable systems with multiple failure causes in the presence of covariates. The system can also be subject to imperfect maintenance. The R & M parameters are then estimated by applying the Kijima Type I and II model's virtual age concept. The proposed technique is illustrated using two case studies on gas pipelines and aero‐engine systems. Through these case studies, we show that the proposed method not only provides more efficient estimates of the R & M parameters compared to the alternative approach, but it is also easier to apply and yields more straightforward interpretations.
Fault tolerant observer design for a class of nonlinear systems with corrupted outputs
Authors: Guerra Thierry‐Marie , de Oliveira Vinicius Caseiro , Berdjag Denis , Lv Chen , Nguyen Anh‐Tu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents new sufficient conditions for state and fault estimation of nonlinear systems. A new approach is proposed to deal with unmeasured premise variables and corrupted outputs. The adopted observer strategy consists of a scheduled gain that depends only on the estimated outputs provided by the observer. The design of such scheduled gain follows from a technical rewriting of the state error and uses the Lyapunov framework to derive sufficient conditions written as linear matrix inequalities. Such conditions are less conservative than existing approaches that deal with unmeasured premise variables. The effectiveness of the developed approach is assessed through a numerical single‐link robotic arm and on a real car‐based experimental setup available at the laboratory.
Statistical methods for predicting e‐cigarette use events based on beat‐to‐beat interval (BBI) data collected from wearable devices
Authors: Yang James J. , Piper Megan E. , Indic Premananda , Buu Anne 
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of e‐cigarette use among young adults in the USA is high (14%). Although the majority of users plan to quit vaping, the motivation to make a quit attempt is low and available support during a quit attempt is limited. Using wearable sensors to collect physiological data (eg, heart rate) holds promise for capturing the right timing to deliver intervention messages. This study aims to fill the current knowledge gap by proposing statistical methods to (1) de‐noise beat‐to‐beat interval (BBI) data from smartwatches worn by 12 young adult regular e‐cigarette users for 7 days; and (2) summarize the de‐noised data by event and control segments. We also conducted a comprehensive review of conventional methods for summarizing heart rate variability (HRV) and compared their performance with the proposed method. The results show that the proposed singular spectrum analysis (SSA) can effectively de‐noise the highly variable BBI data, as well as quantify the proportion of total variation extracted. Compared to existing HRV methods, the proposed second order polynomial model yields the highest area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.76 and offers better interpretability. The findings also indicate that the average heart rate before vaping is higher and there is an increasing trend in the heart rate before the vaping event. Importantly, the development of increasing heart rate observed in this study implies that there may be time to intervene as this physiological signal emerges. This finding, if replicated in a larger scale study, may inform optimal timings for delivering messages in future intervention.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of sheep owners regarding abortion in Northern Tunisia
Authors: Jeljli Afef , Ben Abid Obaid Allah , Jlassi Atef , Hammami Ines , Gharbi Mohamed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAbortion in ewes causes high economic losses and represents a threat for human health due to abortive zoonotic pathogens.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among sheep owners in the northern Tunisia regarding ewes’ abortions.MethodsBetween February 2021 and May 2022, a structured questionnaire containing both close and open‐ended questions was applied to 120 sheep owners in northern Tunisia. The data collected were analysed by chi‐square test using Epi info 6 software.ResultsThe majority (75%) of participants reported a history of abortion in their sheep flocks. Sheep owners thought that the most frequent cause of abortion was physical factors, such as trauma, climate and stress (60% ± 5.5%; 48/80), followed by toxicity (15% ± 4%; 12/80), metabolic and nutritional conditions (12.5% ± 3.7%; 10/80), vaccination (5% ± 2.4%; 4/80) and infectious causes (7.5% ± 2.9%; 6/80) (p < 0.001). The majority of animal owners reported that abortions occurred mainly during autumn (39.6% ± 5%; 38/96), followed by summer (27% ± 4.5%; 26/96), winter (23% ± 4.3%; 22/96) and spring (10.4% ± 3.1%; 10/96) (p < 0.001). Approximately, half (45.8% ± 5%; 55/120) of interviewed farmers would not take any action if an abortion occurred. Half of the interviewed farmers (50.5% ± 5.1%; 48/95) did not apply any preventive measures when manipulating aborted ewes, and most of the sheep owners (77.3% ± 3.8%; 92/119) did not know that aborted ewes could transmit zoonotic pathogens.ConclusionsOur survey concluded that sheep owners in Northern Tunisia had poor knowledge and attitudes as well as applied limited actions concerning several health aspects related to abortion. Education programmes should be established in order to improve Tunisian sheep owners’ KAP regarding abortion.
Use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) for treatment of fibrin in the anterior chamber of the horse
Authors: Pereira Regina , Bowen Mark , Rapezzano Giulia , Redpath Adam , Pratt Steffi , Hallowell Gayle 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecombinant intracameral tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) administration can aid clearance of fibrin from the anterior chamber.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective multicentre case series, the effect of intracameral rTPA administration to treat fibrin in the anterior chamber resulting from trauma or inflammatory ocular disease was evaluated. Clinical data from 30 treatments in 29 horses were obtained from medical records from 2003 to 2022. Association between time from onset of clinical signs and time for rTPA treatment to effect was studied with regression analysis.ResultsTwenty‐seven horses (93.1%) had no previous history of ophthalmic disease; one had an iridic cyst, and another had equine recurrent uveitis. The majority of cases were related to trauma (79.3%). Median time from the onset of clinical signs to treatment was 12 h (IQR = 4–48 h). rTPA (72% 20 µg; 24% 25 µg; 3.3% 40 µg) was administered once in all but one eye, which was treated twice. Resolution of fibrin was seen in 96.9% (29/30) of treatments. Fibrin accumulation recurred in one case but resolved 14 days after the second treatment. Complications were seen in four treatments (13.3%): moderate pain for 24 h, intracameral debris and mild intracameral haemorrhage in a horse that received 40 µg of tissue plasminogen activator. Recurrence of fibrin accumulation was absent in 96.7% of cases. Median time to effect was 20 min (IQR = 10–45 min). Time for rTPA treatment to effect was not associated with time from fibrin formation (R2 = 0.09; p = 0.11).ConclusionIntracameral rTPA treatment can be considered at 20–25 µg in 0.1 mL solution to aid resolution of fibrin accumulation.
A case of haemoglobinuria in a cat after near‐drowning
Authors: Hansen Whitney L 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to describe a case of haemoglobinuria in a cat after near‐drowning.A 6‐year‐old male neutered domestic short hair cat weighing 6.5 kg with a pre‐existing seizure disorder presented to an emergency hospital after near‐drowning in a swimming pool during a seizure episode. On presentation, the patient was obtunded, dyspnoeic, bradycardic and hypothermic. Imaging revealed evidence of severe bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Treatment with intravenous diazepam, amoxicillin, fluid therapy, active warming and oxygen therapy was administered. The cat developed haemoglobinuria approximately 6 h after nearly drowning. Despite improvements in mentation, pulse quality and heart rate, respiratory compromise and poor oxygen saturation persisted, prompting euthanasia approximately 10 h after admission.To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported clinical case of haemoglobinuria following near‐drowning in veterinary medicine.