bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Distribution of Extreme Precipitation and High-Impact Landslides in 2010 Relative to Previous Years
Authors: Kirschbaum Dalia , Adler Robert , Adler David , Peters-Lidard Christa , Huffman George 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
It is well known that extreme or prolonged rainfall is the dominant trigger of landslides worldwide. While research has evaluated the spatiotemporal distribution of extreme rainfall and landslides at local or regional scales using in situ data, few studies have mapped rainfall-triggered landslide distribution globally because of the dearth of landslide data and consistent precipitation information. This study uses a newly developed global landslide catalog (GLC) and a 13-yr satellite-based precipitation record from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. For the first time, these two unique products provide the foundation to quantitatively evaluate the co-occurrence of precipitation and rainfall-triggered landslides globally. Evaluation of the GLC indicates that 2010 had a large number of high-impact landslide events relative to previous years. This study considers how variations in extreme and prolonged satellite-based rainfall are related to the distribution of landslides over the same time scales for three active landslide areas: Central America, the Himalayan arc, and central eastern China. Several test statistics confirm that TRMM rainfall generally scales with the observed increase in landslide reports and fatal events for 2010 and previous years over each region. These findings suggest that the co-occurrence of satellite precipitation and landslide reports may serve as a valuable indicator for characterizing the spatiotemporal distribution of landslide-prone areas in order to establish a global rainfall-triggered landslide climatology. This study characterizes the variability of satellite precipitation data and reported landslide activity at the global scale in order to improve landslide cataloging and attempt to quantify landslide triggering at daily, monthly, and yearly time scales.
Evaluation of the Added Value of Regional Ensemble Forecasts on Global Ensemble Forecasts
Authors: Wang Yong , Tascu Simona , Weidle Florian , Schmeisser Karin 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The regional single-model-based Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International–Limited Area Ensemble Forecasting (ALADIN-LAEF) ensemble prediction system (EPS) is evaluated and compared with the global ECMWF-EPS to investigate the added value of regional to global EPS models. ALADIN-LAEF consists of 16 perturbed members at 18-km horizontal resolution, while ECMWF-EPS includes 50 perturbed members at 50-km horizontal resolution. In ALADIN-LAEF, the atmospheric initial condition uncertainty is quantified by using blending, which combines large-scale uncertainty generated by the ECMWF-EPS singular-vector approach with small-scale perturbations resolved by the ALADIN breeding technique. The surface initial condition perturbations are generated by use of the noncycling surface breeding (NCSB) technique, and different physics schemes are employed for different forecast members to account for model uncertainties. The verification and comparison have been carried out for a 2-month period during summer 2007 over central Europe. The results show a quite favorable level of performance for ALADIN-LAEF compared to ECMWF-EPS for surface weather variables. ALADIN-LAEF adds more value to precipitation forecasts and has greater skill for 10-m wind and mean sea level pressure results than does ECMWF-EPS. For 2-m temperature, ALADIN-LAEF forecasts have larger spread, are statistically more consistent, but also have less skill than ECMWF-EPS due to the strong cold bias in the ALADIN forecasts. For the upper-air weather parameters, the forecast of ALADIN-LAEF has a larger spread, but the forecast skill of ALADIN-LAEF is from neutral to slightly inferior compared to ECMWF-EPS. It may be concluded that a regional single-model-based EPS with fewer ensemble members could provide more added value in terms of greater skill for near-surface weather variables than the global EPS with larger ensemble size, whereas it may have limitations when applied to upper-air weather variables.
From Slave Revolt to a Blood Pact with Satan: The Evangelical Rewriting of Haitian History
Authors: McAlister Elizabeth 
Published: April 2012

Enslaved Africans and Creoles in the French colony of Saint-Domingue are said to have gathered at a nighttime meeting at a place called Bois Caïman in what was both political rally and religious ceremony, weeks before the Haitian Revolution in 1791. The slave ceremony is known in Haitian history as a religio-political event and used frequently as a source of inspiration by nationalists, but in the 1990s, neo-evangelicals rewrote the story of the famous ceremony as a “blood pact with Satan.” This essay traces the social links and biblical logics that gave rise first to the historical record, and then to the neo-evangelical rewriting of this iconic moment. It argues that the confluence of the bicentennial of the Haitian Revolution with the political contest around President Aristide’s policies, the growth of the neo-evangelical Spiritual Mapping movement, and of the Internet, produced a new form of mythmaking, in which neo-evangelicals re-signified key symbols of the event—an oath to a divine force, blood sacrifice, a tree, and group unity—from the mythical grammar of Haitian nationalism to that of neo-evangelical Christianity. In the many ironies of this clash between the political afterlife of a slave uprising with the political afterlife of biblical scripture, Haiti becomes a nation held in captivity, and Satan becomes the colonial power who must be overthrown. Un groupe d’esclaves africains et créoles se seraient réunis une nuit à Bois Caïman, dans la colonie française de Saint-Domingue. L’évènement qui eut lieu quelques semaines avant la révolution haïtienne de 1791 fut décrit à la fois comme un rassemblement politique et une cérémonie religieuse. Cette cérémonie organisée par des esclaves constitue un évènement politico-religieux important dans l’histoire haïtienne, une source d’inspiration fréquente pour les nationalistes. Dans les années 1990, cependant, un groupe néo évangélique réécrivit l’histoire de cette fameuse cérémonie qualifiée de “pacte sanguinaire avec Satan.” L’essai retrace donc les liens sociaux et les logiques bibliques qui ont conduit les néo évangéliques à réécrire ce moment iconique. L’essai soutient que la confluence des révoltes en réaction à la politique du Président Aristide lors du bicentenaire de la révolution haïtienne ainsi que la montée du mouvement néo évangélique, Cartographie Spirituelle, et celle de l’Internet participèrent à créer de nouveaux mythes: les néo évangéliques donnèrent un sens nouveau aux symboles clés de l’évènement —un serment à une force divine, un sacrifice sanglant, un arbre et l’union du groupe— de la grammaire mythique du nationalisme haïtien à celle de la chrétienté néo évangélique. A travers les nombreuses ironies de la confrontation entre l’héritage politique d’un soulèvement d’esclaves et l’héritage politique des Saintes Ecritures, Haïti devient une nation tenue en captivité, et Satan, le pouvoir colonial qu’il faut renverser.
Le « vide spirituel paradoxal » en salle de naissance
Authors:   Groupe SPIN, Bélanger-Lévesque Marie-Noëlle , Dumas Marc , Berthiaume Maryse , Pasquier Jean-Charles 
Published: April 2012

Cet article explore ce que nous entendons par « vide spirituel paradoxal » en salle de naissance québécoise : s’il semble évident que la naissance est une expérience humaine intense qui a été longtemps entourée par une dimension spirituelle, cette dernière demeure largement inexplorée en contexte contemporain. Nous préciserons d’abord notre hypothèse de travail : 1) en définissant son aspect paradoxal émergeant du contexte médical actuel ; 2) en cherchant à mieux saisir le terme spirituel pour qu’il reflète la présente originalité du contexte religieux et spirituel ; et 3) en illustrant le vide par le silence de la littérature à ce propos. Nous toucherons ensuite à l’aspect terrain des recherches entreprises par le groupe interdisciplinaire SPIritualité et Naissance (groupe SPIN) sur la spiritualité des parents lors de la naissance de leur enfant, ayant mené à ce jour à : 1) une rencontre multidisciplinaire d’experts (médecine, théologie, parents) analysée avec deux grilles (Galek et al., 2005 ; Hall, 2001) ; et 2) une première catégorisation des types d’expériences spirituelles pouvant être vécues par les parents lors de la naissance. Nous conclurons par un cahier de charges qui devraient réduire les résistances rencontrées par le milieu médical au sujet du projet SPIN et sur les suites du projet. This article explores what we have called the “paradoxical spiritual void” in the delivery rooms of Quebec. If it seems evident that birth is an intense human experience that has had a spiritual dimension for a very long time, this dimension remains largely unexplored in the contemporary context. First, we set out our working hypothesis: 1) by defining its paradoxical aspect emerging from the actual medical context; 2) by trying to get a better grasp of the term spiritual so as to make it reflect the originality of the actual religious and spiritual context; and 3) by illustrating the void by way of the silence of literature on the topic. Then, we enlarge on the practical aspects of the research conducted by the multidisciplinary group SPIrituality and Birth (in French: SPIN) on the spirituality of parents during the birth of their child, which has so far led to: 1) a multidisciplinary meeting of experts (medical, theological, parental) using two analytical frameworks (Galek et al., 2005; Hall, 2001); and 2) a first categorization of types of spiritual experience that can be lived by parents during birth. We conclude by specifying measures that should reduce the resistance met by the medical world concerning the SPIN project and its future developments.
Josephus on Children and Childhood
Authors: Reinhartz Adele , Shier Kim 
Published: April 2012

Although Josephus is not overly interested in the topic of children and childhood, his writings do provide some evidence for the ways in which his perceptions of famous children, as well as parent–child relationships, were influenced by or similar to those evident in Greco-Roman literature of his era, as well as the ways in which the Jewish treatment of children, as described by Josephus, became part of his apologetic endeavors. Bien que Josèphe n’est pas trop intéressé à la question des enfants et l’enfance, ses écrits fournissent des preuves de la façon dont ses perceptions des enfants célèbres, ainsi que les relations parent-enfant, ont été influencées par ou similaires à celles évidentes dans la littérature gréco-romaine de son époque, ainsi que les façons dont le traitement des enfants juifs, comme décrit par Josèphe, est devenu une partie de ses efforts apologétiques.
Which individuals make dropout informative?
Authors: Geskus Ronald B 
Published: April 2012

Summary Markers are internal host factors that measure the current disease or recovery status of an individual. Individuals with more advanced disease progression are more likely to drop out, e.g. because they die. Marker data after dropout are missing. Such missingness is certainly not completely at random. A mixed effects model can be used if missingness of the marker data depends on measured marker values only (missing at random). If missingness is not at random, such models yield biased results. We describe various approaches that jointly model the marker development and dropout risk and may eliminate bias. One example of such a model is a random effects selection model. Based on a real data set with frequent follow-up, we compare results from a random effects model and a random effects selection model. Results are remarkably similar. In a simulation study, we investigate how the bias in the parameter estimates from a random effects model depends on the frequency of measurements and the time between the last measurement and the dropout or censoring time. Results from the simulation study confirm that the bias is small if follow-up is frequent.
Comparison of Medical Expenditure According to Types of Hospice Care in Patients With Terminal Cancer
Authors: Lim Taekyu , Nam Seung-Hyun , Kim Mi Sun , Yoon Kyung Sook , Kim Bong-Seog 
Published: April 2012

Background: Hospice care is perceived as enhancing life quality for patients with advanced, incurable illness, but cost comparisons to nonhospice patients are difficult to make. Several studies demonstrated that palliative hospice care reduced medical expenditure in terminally ill patients compared with that of nonhospice care. Methods: Patients with terminal cancer who were registered in Hospice Care Program (HCP) by the written consent and died during same admission period in Seoul Veterans Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between January 2009 and December 2009 were included. We compared medical expenditure according to the ward type (hospice ward and general ward) in patients who received palliative hospice care in Seoul Veterans Hospital, Korea. Results: The daily total average expenditure for each inpatient was ₩193 930 and ₩266 161 in the hospice and general ward, respectively ( P = .001). Daily expenditure of parenteral nutrition and laboratory blood tests/X-ray was also significantly lower in hospice ward compared with general ward ( P = .002 and P = .006), respectively; 12 (17%) of 72 patients had been admitted in the intensive care unit during hospice care period in general ward ( P = .014); 1 (3%) of 32 patients received blood products in hospice ward, but 13 (18%) patients received blood products in general ward during palliative hospice care ( P = .039). Conclusion: Hospice ward type in palliative hospice therapy may contribute to reduce economic medical costs as well as to more specific total care for terminally ill patients with cancer.
The Effects of Exercise on Decreasing Pain and Increasing Function in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Frye Jamie L. , Ramey Lindsay N. , Hart Joseph M. 
Published: April 2012

Context: Exercise or rest is commonly prescribed as treatment for patellofemoral pain syndrome. Study Selection: This study is based on Level I or II research studies examining the effects of exercise and rest on decreasing pain (visual analog scale) and increasing function (Kujala Scoring Questionnaire) using human participants. Articles were limited to those printed in English from PubMed (1966–September 2010), CINAHL (1982–September 2010), and SPORTDiscus (1972–September 2010). Data Extraction: Weighted aggregate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from means and standard deviations extracted from 10 studies, resulting in an analysis of 433 patients. Results: A very large effect for exercise was found for patient-reported functional outcomes ( d = 2.19) and perceived pain ( d = −1.24) in treated patients, which were larger than functional outcomes ( d = 0.77) and pain ( d = −0.14) in controls. Short-term follow-up of 191 patients from 4 data sets in 2 studies revealed a large effect for functional outcomes ( d = 1.04) and pain ( d = −0.82) in patients who performed an exercise intervention. One study reported moderate effect sizes for functional outcomes ( d = 0.59) and pain ( d = −0.35) at 3 months postintervention. Conclusions: Exercise is the more effective treatment for immediate decrease in pain and increase in function although these differences appear to be less distinguishable over time.
Olanzapine long-acting injection: insights from an early case series in the UK
Authors: McGlennon Deirdre , Bushe Chris J 
Published: April 2012

Objective: Olanzapine long-acting injection depot (OLAI) has been licensed in the UK since 2008. As a result of the recognition during clinical trials that in 0.07% of injections there may be inadvertent intravenous administration leading to post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS), the licence mandates a 3 h observation after each injection and accompaniment of the patient to their final destination. The administration of OLAI may thus necessitate organization of local service provisions. We report on how a single healthcare facility in Northern Ireland has treated three initial patients and present a brief case series on these patients and their clinical outcomes. Methods: In the first three patients with schizophrenia to receive OLAI, the clinical notes were retrospectively examined to provide clinical data. Results: All three patients had acceptable clinical outcomes showing sustained clinical improvement and have continued on OLAI for over 1 year. Observation has been undertaken within an existing daycare unit staffed by nursing staff and occupational therapists for 3 h after each injection. No issues have emerged from the use of this service that has also provided educational and psycho-educational programmes for the patients. No cases of post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome were reported. There have been no additional cost implications. Conclusions: In patients for whom OLAI may be clinically indicated, the utilization of an existing service to provide the 3 h of observation after each injection may represent a solution with a cost-neutral outcome.
The differential production of cytokines by human Langerhans cells and dermal CD14+ DCs controls CTL priming
Authors: Banchereau Jacques , Thompson-Snipes LuAnn , Zurawski Sandra , Blanck Jean-Philippe , Cao Yanying , Clayton Sandra , Gorvel Jean-Pierre , Zurawski Gerard , Klechevsky Eynav 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe recently reported that human epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) are more efficient than dermal CD14+ DCs at priming naive CD8+ T cells into potent CTLs. We hypothesized that distinctive dendritic cell (DC) cytokine expression profiles (ie, IL-15 produced by LCs and IL-10 expressed by dermal CD14+ DCs) might explain the observed functional difference. Blocking IL-15 during CD8+ T-cell priming reduced T-cell proliferation by ∼ 50%. These IL-15–deprived CD8+ T cells did not acquire the phenotype of effector memory cells. They secreted less IL-2 and IFN-γ and expressed only low amounts of CD107a, granzymes and perforin, and reduced levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that IL-15 is localized at the immunologic synapse of LCs and naive CD8+ T cells. Conversely, blocking IL-10 during cocultures of dermal CD14+ DCs and naive CD8+ T cells enhanced the generation of effector CTLs, whereas addition of IL-10 to cultures of LCs and naive CD8+ T cells inhibited their induction. TGF-β1 that is transcribed by dermal CD14+ DCs further enhanced the inhibitory effect of IL-10. Thus, the respective production of IL-15 and IL-10 explains the contrasting effects of LCs and dermal CD14+ DCs on CD8+ T-cell priming.
The superiority of haploidentical related stem cell transplantation over chemotherapy alone as postremission treatment for patients with intermediate- or high-risk acute myeloid leukemia in first complete remission
Authors: Huang Xiao-Jun , Zhu Hong-Hu , Chang Ying-Jun , Xu Lan-Ping , Liu Dai-Hong , Zhang Xiao-Hui , Jiang Bin , Jiang Qian , Jiang Hao , Chen Yu-Hong , Chen Huan , Han Wei , Liu Kai-Yan , Wang Yu 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
We report the results of a prospective, patient self-selected study evaluating whether haploidentical related donor stem cell transplantation (HRD-HSCT) is superior to chemotherapy alone as postremission treatment for patients with intermediate- or high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first complete remission (CR1). Among totally 419 newly diagnosed AML patients, 132 patients with intermediate- and high-risk cytogenetics achieved CR1 and received chemotherapy alone (n = 74) or HSCT (n = 58) as postremission treatment. The cumulative incidence of relapse at 4 years was 37.5% ± 4.5%. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 4 years were 64.5% ± 5.1% and 55.6% ± 5.0%, respectively. The cumulative incident of relapse for the HRD-HSCT group was significantly lower than that for the chemotherapy-alone group (12.0% ± 4.6% vs 57.8% ± 6.2%, respectively; P < .0001). HRD-HSCT resulted in superior survival compared with chemotherapy alone (4-year DFS, 73.1% ± 7.1% vs 44.2% ± 6.2%, respectively; P < .0001; 4-year OS, 77.5% ± 7.1% vs 54.7% ± 6.3%, respectively; P = .001). Multivariate analysis revealed postremission treatment (HRD-HSCT vs chemotherapy) and high WBC counts at diagnosis as independent risk factors affecting relapse, DFS, and OS. Our results suggest that HRD-HSCT is superior to chemotherapy alone as postremission treatment for AML.
Properties of mouse and human IgG receptors and their contribution to disease models
Authors: Bruhns Pierre 
Published: April 2012

AbstractImpressive advances in defining the properties of receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulins (FcR) have been made over the past several years. Ligand specificities were systematically analyzed for both human and mouse FcRs that revealed novel receptors for specific IgG subclasses. Expression patterns were redefined using novel specific anti-FcR mAbs that revealed major differences between human and mouse systems. The in vivo roles of IgG receptors have been addressed using specific FcR knockout mice or in mice expressing a single FcR, and have demonstrated a predominant contribution of mouse activating IgG receptors FcγRIII and FcγRIV to models of autoimmunity (eg, arthritis) and allergy (eg, anaphylaxis). Novel blocking mAbs specific for these activating IgG receptors have enabled, for the first time, the investigation of their roles in vivo in wild-type mice. In parallel, the in vivo properties of human FcRs have been reported using transgenic mice and models of inflammatory and allergic reactions, in particular those of human activating IgG receptor FcγRIIA (CD32A). Importantly, these studies led to the identification of specific cell populations responsible for the induction of various inflammatory diseases and have revealed, in particular, the unexpected contribution of neutrophils and monocytes to the induction of anaphylactic shock.
CD1d expression on and regulation of murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Broxmeyer Hal E. , Christopherson Kent , Hangoc Giao , Cooper Scott , Mantel Charlie , Renukaradhya Gourapura J. , Brutkiewicz Randy R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn the present study, surface CD1d, which is involved in immune cell interactions, was assessed for effects on hematopoiesis. Mouse BM hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) express CD1d. The numbers and cycling status of HPCs in the BM and spleen of different strains of cd1d−/− mice were enhanced significantly, suggesting that CD1d is a negative regulator of HPCs. In support of this, CD1d was required for the SCF and Flt3 ligand synergistic enhancement of CSF induction of HPC colony formation and for HPC response to myelosuppressive chemokines. Colony formation by immature subsets of HPCs was greatly enhanced when normal, but not cd1d−/−, BM cells were pretreated with CD1d Abs in vitro. These effects required the full CD1d cytoplasmic tail. In contrast, long-term, but not short-term, repopulating HSC engraftment was impaired significantly, an effect that was minimally influenced by the presence of a truncated CD1d cytoplasmic tail. Pretreatment of normal BM cells with CD1d Abs greatly enhanced their engraftment of HSCs. The results of the present study implicate CD1d in a previously unrecognized regulatory role of normal and stressed hematopoiesis.