bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les modèles TVA
Authors: Coutière Antoine , Delpech Josette , Burfin Yann 
Published: March 2011

The Vat Model,
by Antoine Coutière, Josette Delpech and Yann Burfin.
The first section, which is methodological, shows how National Accounts enable analysis of the formation and incidence of Value Added Tax (Vat). In particular, input-output statistics make it possible to show that Vat is not perfectly neutral, i.e. that it is borne not only by final consumers, but sometimes also by producers.
The second section examines data obtained using Vat models. The burden of Vat on National Accounting categories is analysed. Various simulations are carried out to examine the effects of changes in applicable rates or the scope of goods subject to the tax ; in this connection, some of the consequences of a total alignment with European legislation and of the July 1982 reform are presented. Finally, one possible approach to analysing the macro-economic effects of Vat is outlined.
Le modèle multinational Atlas première partie : les modèles par pays
Authors: Cellier François , Le Berre Ronan , Miqueu Didier 
Published: March 2011

The multinational model Atlas, first part : the national models,
by François Cellier, Ronan Le Berre, Didier Miqueu.
The multinational model, Atlas, constructed by the modélisation and in ternational data bank section at the Forecast bureau, has been in use since autumn 1982 for making forecasts on Frances international environment and studying global scenarios associated with sundry hazards about raw material prices, exchange rates and economic policies, among other topics.
Atlas contains a model for each of the nine main Oecd countries together with the rest of the world's simplified representation divided into seventeen areas. Countries and regions are connected to each other with a model of Commerce describing global bilateral flows on a two-product basis : oil and non oil. The article is devoted to the national models, since the commerce model is to come out in a next Economie & Prévision issue.
Choosing specifications for national models results from a compromise between the findings of horizontal thematic research on the one hand and those of vertical country-basis research on the other hand.
The first part of the article is deroted to an overall introduction to national models, their common and different features. The importance given to the properties of each model in retrospective simulation as in variation is particularly underscored.
The second chapter explains how the relationships between household consumption and wages for every country are being dealt with. It gives one a clue to the sundry specifications, checked beforehand, and the contents of the choices that have been made.
The third part presents the US model relationships in full. Through that example, the logic and working of models are set out in detail , their properties are also exemplified by the results from the model working in retrospective simulation and in variation.
Denosumab: A New Injectable Treatment for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Whelan Anne Marie , Raman-Wilms Lalitha 
Published: March 2011

Background/Introduction: Osteoporosis results in a significant increase in fractures, leading to morbidity and mortality. Adherence is a concern with commonly used antiresorptive agents, the bisphosphonates. Denosumab, which inhibits bone resorption by a different mechanism and is administered subcutaneously every 6 months, may provide an advantage in decreasing fracture risk in those with osteoporosis. Objective: To review the available data with respect to the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of denosumab for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: Several databases were searched to identify phase III randomized controlled trials (RCT) that examined the effect of denosumab on bone mineral density (BMD) and/or fracture rate and the safety of denosumab in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Results: In 2 of the 4 trials identified, denosumab was significantly better than placebo at increasing BMD, and in 1 trial reduced the risk of vertebral, nonvertebral and hip fractures. No head-to-head trials comparing fracture risk reduction of denosumab to bisphosphonates were found, however, 2 trials did report increased BMD with denosumab compared to alendronate. In the 4 studies reviewed, adverse effects reported more frequently with denosumab included rash and eczema, as well as bronchitis and influenza-like illness. There is potential for an increased risk of other infections and malignancies. Conclusions: The results of RCT trials suggest that denosumab is effective at maintaining or increasing BMD compared to placebo or alendronate in women with either osteopenia or osteoporosis and in 1 trial demonstrated a significant reduction in fracture rate compared to placebo. Overall, denosumab appeared to be well tolerated in the studies reviewed. Continued monitoring is needed to determine long-term safety and efficacy.
Relationship Between Markers of Platelet Activation and Inflammation with Disease Activity in Wegener’s Granulomatosis
Authors: TOMASSON GUNNAR , LAVALLEY MICHAEL , TANRIVERDI KAHRAMAN , FINKIELMAN JAVIER D. , DAVIS JOHN C. , HOFFMAN GARY S. , McCUNE W. JOSEPH , St. CLAIR E. WILLIAM , SPECKS ULRICH , SPIERA ROBERT , STONE JOHN H. , FREEDMAN JANE E. , MERKEL PETER A. 
Published: March 2011

Objective.There remains a need for biomarkers to guide therapy in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. Our objective was to determine whether measures of platelet activation or inflammation are associated with disease activity in Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG).Methods.Study subjects were participants in a clinical trial. Soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), P-selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and proteinase 3 (PR3)-specific ANCA were measured by ELISA using plasma samples obtained at baseline (active disease), at remission, and prior to, during, and after first flares. Disease activity was assessed by the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for WG (BVAS/WG). Association of biomarkers with disease activity was determined with conditional logistic and linear regression.Results.Over a mean followup of 27 months, 180 subjects underwent 2044 visits; markers were measured in 563 samples. Longitudinally, all markers other than IL-6 were associated with disease activity. The strongest associations for active disease at baseline versus remission were observed for sCD40L (OR 4.72, 95% CI 2.47–9.03), P-selectin (OR 6.26, 95% CI 2.78–14.10), PR3-ANCA (OR 9.41, 4.03–21.99), and inversely for MCP-1 (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.22–0.57). BVAS/WG increased by 0.80 (95% CI 0.44–1.16), 0.83 (95% CI 0.42–1.25), and 0.81 (95% CI 0.48–1.15) per unit-increase in PR3-ANCA, sCD40L, and P-selectin, respectively; and decreased by 1.54 (95% CI 0.96–2.12) per unit-increase in MCP-1.Conclusion.Cytokines arising from within the circulation, including those of platelet activation, correlate with disease activity in WG.
Innovation in working practices: an anthropological perspective
Authors: Bray Zoe 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Comment est-ce que l’anthropologie peut nous aider à répondre à la question de l’innovation durable dans l’ingénierie de projet ? Dans cet article nous rappelons la nature d’une approche anthropologique, et nous regardons quelques unes des recherches anthropologiques faites dans le domaine du travail. Ainsi, cet article souligne l’importance de considérer les diverses dimensions de l’interaction sociale, thème de préoccupation central à l’anthropologie. Ceci entame aussi une réflexion sur le concept de l’innovation, qui est elle-même une construction sociale.
Gads Regulates the Expansion Phase of CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Zhang Elizabeth Yan , Parker Brooks L. , Yankee Thomas M. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The Gads adaptor protein is critical for TCR-mediated Ca2+ mobilization. We investigated the effect of Gads deficiency on the proliferation of CD8+ T cells following peptide stimulation and in the context of infection with an intracellular pathogen. We stimulated CD8+ T cells from Gads+/+ OT-I and Gads−/− OT-I mice with cognate Ag (SIINFEKL) or altered peptide ligand. In vitro experiments revealed that Gads was required for optimal proliferation of CD8+ T cells. This defect was most evident at the early time points of proliferation and when low doses of Ag were used as stimuli. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that Gads−/− CD8+ T cells had impaired TCR-mediated exit from the G0 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, Gads−/− CD8+ T cells had delayed expression of c-myc and CD69 upon the stimulation with SIINFEKL. We then investigated how Gads deficiency would impact CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity in the context of infection with an intracellular pathogen. At early time points, Gads+/+ and Gads−/− CD8+ T cells proliferated to a similar extent, despite the fact that expression of CD69 and CD25 was reduced in the absence of Gads. After 5 d postinfection, Gads was required to sustain the expansion phase of the immune response; the peak response of Gads−/− cells was significantly lower than for Gads+/+ cells. However, Gads was not required for the differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into memory cells. We conclude that the primary function of Gads is to regulate the sensitivity of the TCR to Ag ligation.
Rapid Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Metal–Organic Framework HKUST‐1 Crystals in Bulk and as Oriented and Patterned Thin Films
Authors: Zhuang Jin‐Liang , Ceglarek Doris , Pethuraj Sangeetha , Terfort Andreas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWhereas the preparation of defined metal–organic framework (MOF) materials via hydrothermal or diffusion methods typically requires hours to days, our simple precipitation route opens the access to the well‐known HKUST‐1 frameworks within minutes. Crucial for the formation of a well‐defined, crystalline material is the choice of suitable precipitating solvents, with methanol and ethanol being the most favorable ones. This approach could be extended to the formation of dense, surface‐mounted MOF films (so‐called SURMOFs), in particular if the surfaces are decorated with suitable binding groups by formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). By combination with micro‐contact printing (μCP), patterned SURMOFs became accessible, in which the precipitating solvent is decisive on the formation of either spatially restricted films or single particles.
Automatic differentiation‐based quadrature method of moments for solving population balance equations
Authors: Kariwala Vinay , Cao Yi , K. Nagy Zoltan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe quadrature method of moments (QMOM) is a promising tool for the solution of population balance equations. QMOM requires solving differential algebraic equations (DAEs) consisting of ordinary differential equations related to the evolution of moments and nonlinear algebraic equations resulting from the quadrature approximation of moments. The available techniques for QMOM are computationally expensive and are able to solve for only a few moments due to numerical robustness deficiencies. In this article, the use of automatic differentiation (AD) is proposed for solution of DAEs arising in QMOM. In the proposed method, the variables of interest are approximated using high‐order Taylor series. The use of AD and Taylor series gives rise to algebraic equations, which can be solved sequentially to obtain high‐fidelity solution of the DAEs. Benchmark examples involving different mechanisms are used to demonstrate the superior accuracy, computational advantage, and robustness of AD‐QMOM over the existing state‐of‐the‐art technique, that is, DAE‐QMOM. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Measurements and computation of low mass transfer coefficients for FCC particles with ozone decomposition reaction
Authors: Kashyap Mayank , Gidaspow Dimitri 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe mass transfer coefficients and Sherwood numbers for catalyzed fluid cracking catalyst particles were measured and computed in a two‐dimensional (2‐D) bubbling fluidized bed, with ozone decomposition reaction. The measured and computed Sherwood numbers, using 3‐ and 2‐D kinetic theory based computational fluid dynamics simulations, were of the order of 10−6–10−2. The low Sherwood numbers were in reasonable agreement with the literature data for small particles, at low Reynolds numbers. The computational fluid dynamics simulations showed that it is possible to compute conversions in fluidized bed reactors without using the conventional model with empirical mass transfer coefficients. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Collagenous Skeleton of the Rat Mystacial Pad
Authors: Haidarliu Sebastian , Simony Erez , Golomb David , Ahissar Ehud 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAnatomical and functional integrity of the rat mystacial pad (MP) is dependent on the intrinsic organization of its extracellular matrix. By using collagen autofluorescence, in the rat MP, we revealed a collagenous skeleton that interconnects whisker follicles, corium, and deep collagen layers. We suggest that this skeleton supports MP tissues, mediates force transmission from muscles to whiskers, facilitates whisker retraction after protraction, and limits MP extensibility. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Logistic risk model for mortality following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Grant S W , Grayson A D , Purkayastha D , Wilson S D , McCollum C 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Background
The aim was to develop a multivariable risk prediction model for 30-day mortality following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.

Methods
Data collected prospectively on 2765 consecutive patients undergoing elective open and endovascular AAA repair from September 1999 to October 2009 in the North West of England were split randomly into development (1936 patients) and validation (829) data sets. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to identify risk factors for 30-day mortality.

Results
Ninety-eight deaths (5·1 per cent) were recorded in the development data set. Variables associated with 30-day mortality included: increasing age (P = 0·005), female sex (P = 0·002), diabetes (P = 0·029), raised serum creatinine level (P = 0·006), respiratory disease (P = 0·031), antiplatelet medication (P &lt; 0·001) and open surgery (P = 0·002). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicted probability of 30-day mortality in the development and validation data sets was 0·73 and 0·70 respectively. Observed versus expected 30-day mortality was 3·2 versus 2·0 per cent (P = 0·272) in low-risk, 6·1 versus 5·1 per cent (P = 0·671) in medium-risk and 11·1 versus 10·7 per cent (P = 0·879) in high-risk patients.

Conclusion
This multivariable model for predicting 30-day mortality following elective AAA repair can be used clinically to calculate patient-specific risk and is useful for case-mix adjustment. The model predicted well across all risk groups in the validation data set.
Development and validation of high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for assay of madecassoside in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Han Wen‐Jing , Xia Yu‐Feng , Dai Yue 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTA rapid, sensitive and specific high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (LC‐ESI‐MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of madecassoside, a major active constituent of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. herbs, in rat plasma. With paeoniflorin as an internal standard (IS), a simple liquid–liquid extraction process was employed for the plasma sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was achieved within 6 min on a Shim‐pack CLC‐ODS column using acetonitrile and water (60:40, v/v) containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid as the mobile phase. The detection was performed by MS with electrospray ionization interface in negative selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The linear range was 11–5500 ng/mL with the square regression coefficient (r2) of 0.9995. The lower limit of quantification was 11 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐ day precision ranged from 4.99 to 9.03%, and the accuracy was between 95.82 and 111.80%. The average recoveries of madecassoside and IS from spiked plasma samples were >92%. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of madecassoside in rats after an oral administration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Benzylation of Xanthines
Authors: Sahnoun Sophian , Messaoudi Samir , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouâd 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn efficient and versatile synthetic palladium‐catalyzed sp2 CH bond activation approach for the preparation of a series of C8‐benzyl xanthines has been developed using benzyl chlorides as coupling partners. The reactions take place rapidly in 1,4‐dioxane and proceed in the presence of [PdCl2(MeCN)2]/P(o‐tolyl)3 as a catalyst system and Cs2CO3 as a base to afford good to excellent yields of the corresponding C8‐benzylated xanthines of biological interest.
A Heme–Peptide Metalloenzyme Mimetic with Natural Peroxidase‐Like Activity
Authors: Nastri Flavia , Lista Liliana , Ringhieri Paola , Vitale Rosa , Faiella Marina , Andreozzi Concetta , Travascio Paola , Maglio Ornella , Lombardi Angela , Pavone Vincenzo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMimicking enzymes with alternative molecules represents an important objective in synthetic biology, aimed to obtain new chemical entities for specific applications. This objective is hampered by the large size and complexity of enzymes. The manipulation of their structures often leads to a reduction of enzyme activity. Herein, we describe the spectroscopic and functional characterization of FeIII–mimochrome VI, a 3.5 kDa synthetic heme–protein model, which displays a peroxidase‐like catalytic activity. By the use of hydrogen peroxide, FeIII–mimochrome VI efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of several substrates, with a typical Michaelis–Menten mechanism and with several multiple turnovers. The catalytic efficiency of FeIII–mimochrome VI in the oxidation of 2,2′‐azino‐di(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) and guaiacol (kcat/Km=4417 and 870 mM−1 s−1, respectively) is comparable to that of native horseradish peroxidase (HRP, kcat/Km=5125 and 500 mM−1 s−1, respectively). FeIII–mimochrome VI also converts phenol to 4‐ and 2‐nitrophenol in the presence of NO2− and H2O2 in high yields. These results demonstrate that small synthetic peptides can impart high enzyme activities to metal cofactors, and anticipate the possibility of constructing new biocatalysts tailored to specific functions.
A Series of Tripodal Cysteine Derivatives as Water‐Soluble Chelators that are Highly Selective for Copper(I)
Authors: Pujol Anaïs M. , Gateau Christelle , Lebrun Colette , Delangle Pascale 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA series of tripodal ligands derived from nitrilotriacetic acid and extended by three converging, metal‐binding, cysteine chains was synthesised. Their ability to bind soft metal ions thanks to their three thiolate functions was investigated by means of complementary analytical and spectroscopic methods. Three ligands that differ by the nature of the carbonyl group next to the coordinating thiolate functions were studied: L1 (ester), L2 (amide) and L3 (carboxylate). The negatively charged derivative L3, which bears three carboxylate functions close to the metal binding site, gives polynuclear copper(I) complexes of low stability. In contrast, the ester and amide derivatives L1 and L2 are efficient CuI chelators with very high affinities, close to that reported for the metal‐sequestering metallothioneins (log K≈19). Interestingly, these two ligands form mononuclear copper complexes with a unique MS3 coordination in water solution. An intramolecular hydrogen‐bond network involving the amide functions in the upper cavity of the tripodal ligands stabilises these mononuclear complexes and was evidenced by the very low chemical‐shift temperature coefficient of the secondary amide protons. Moreover, L1 and L2 display large selectivities for the targeted metal ion that is, CuI, with respect to bioavailable ZnII. Therefore the two sulfur‐based tripods L1 and L2 are of potential interest for intracellular copper detoxication in vivo, without altering the homeostasis of the essential metal ion ZnII.
ChemInform Abstract: CsAlZr2(PO4)4: An Anhydrous Aluminum Zirconium Phosphate with a Novel Three‐Dimensional Framework.
Authors: Zhao Dan , Li Fei‐Fei , Zhang Ai‐Yun , Yang Lei , Zhu Rui 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compound are grown from mixture of Cs2CO3, Al2O3, ZrO2, and NH4H2PO4 with a Cs:Al:Zr:P molar ratio of 1.66:1:1:8 (Pt crucible, 1173 K, 20 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Evolution of Magnesium Difluoride: From an Amorphous Deposit to a New Polymorph.
Authors: Bach Andreas , Fischer Dieter , Mu Xiaoke , Sigle Wilfried , van Aken Peter A. , Jansen Martin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAmorphous samples of MgF2 are deposited on substrates below ‐100 °C and the structural transformations occurring upon warming are monitored by in situ powder XRD and TEM.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties and Magnetocaloric Effect in GdCo3B2 Compound.
Authors: Li Lingwei , Nishimura Katsuhiko , Igawa Hiroto , Huo Dexuan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by arc melting of stoichiometric amounts of the elements followed by annealing at 1073 K for one week.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of La1‐xKxFeO3 (x = 0—1) by self‐Propagating High‐Temperature Synthesis for Use as Soot Combustion Catalyst.
Authors: Taniguchi Keita , Okinaka Noriyuki , Akiyama Tomohiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe potassium‐substituted LaFeO3 title perovskites are prepared by self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis from mixtures of La2O3, K2CO3, Fe, and NaClO4 which are ignited using an electrically heated carbon foil.
ChemInform Abstract: Mn—Zn Soft Magnetic Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized from Spent Alkaline Zn—Mn Batteries.
Authors: Hu Ping , Pan De'an , Zhang Shengen , Tian Jianjun , Volinsky Alex A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles are prepared using spent alkaline batteries as raw materials by a multi‐step process including acid leaching, chemical treatment of iron shells, and citrate—nitrate precursor auto‐combustion.
ChemInform Abstract: Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle‐Supported (S)‐Diphenylprolinol Trimethylsilyl Ether as a Recyclable Catalyst for Asymmetric Michael Addition in Water.
Authors: Wang Bang Gen , Ma Bao Chun , Wang Qiong , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe catalyst can be easily recovered and used for four times with decreasing yields but without significant loss in selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydroalkoxylation of Alkenes by Iron(III) Catalyst.
Authors: Ke Fang , Li Zhengkai , Xiang Haifeng , Zhou Xiangge 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn efficient method for the Markovnikov‐type addition of alcohols to mono‐substituted olefins is developed using FeCl3 as an inexpensive catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt Carbaporphyrin‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Fields Kimberly B. , Engle James T. , Sripothongnak Saovalak , Kim Chungsik , Zhang X. Peter , Ziegler Christopher J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCobalt carbaporphyrinoids catalyze the cyclopropanation of styrene with a higher trans‐selectivity than the corresponding porphyrin and phthalocyanine complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amino Acid Derived Enaminones via Wolff Rearrangement Using Vinylogous Amides as Carbon Nucleophiles.
Authors: Seki Hajime , Georg Gunda I. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiazoketones derived from amino acids are converted into monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic enaminones via Wolff rearrangement.