bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete genome sequence of the
Microbacterium enclense
bacteriophage phiMiGM15
Authors: Camacho-Beltrán Erika , Morales-Aguilar Juan José , López-Meyer Melina , Rincón-Enríquez Gabriel , Quiñones-Aguilar Evangelina Esmeralda 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

We characterized the complete genome sequence of phiMiGM15, a lytic bacteriophage with siphovirus morphology that infects
Microbacterium enclense
. Its 48.6 kb genome contains 81 putative genes and shows coverage of 28% with 82.26% of nucleotide identity to
Microbacterium
phage Caron accession number
OQ190481.1
.
Complete genome sequence of carbapenem-resistant pathogenic
Klebsiella aerogenes
strain CH7 isolated from vermicompost
Authors: Pandey Niteesh Kumar , Hazra Saugata 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

We announce the complete genome of
Klebsiella aerogenes
strain CH7, isolated from a vermicompost sample. A total of 9.14131 million high-quality reads comprised 96 contigs with 5,273 genes and 5,038 protein-coding genes.
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis’
closest-related non-tuberculous mycobacteria
Authors: Sous Camille , Frigui Wafa , Pawlik Alexandre , Sayes Fadel , Ma Laurence , Cokelaer Thomas , Brosch Roland 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Four species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) rated as biosafety level 1 or 2 (BSL-1/BSL-2) organisms and showing higher genomic similarity with
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) than previous comparator species
Mycobacterium kansasii
and
Mycobacterium marinum
were subjected to genomic and phenotypic characterization. These species named
Mycobacterium decipiens
,
Mycobacterium lacus
,
Mycobacterium riyadhense,
and
Mycobacterium shinjukuense
might represent “missing links” between low-virulent mycobacterial opportunists and the highly virulent obligate pathogen
Mtb
. We confirmed that
M. decipiens
is the closest NTM species to
Mtb
currently known and found that it has an optimal growth temperature of 32°C–35°C and not 37°C.
M. decipiens
showed resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol, whereas
M. lacus
and
M. riyadhense
showed resistance to isoniazid and ethambutol.
M. shinjukuense
was sensitive to all three first-line TB drugs, and all four species were sensitive to bedaquiline, a third-generation anti-TB drug. Our results suggest these four NTM may be useful models for the identification and study of new anti-TB molecules, facilitated by their culture under non-BSL-3 conditions as compared to
Mtb. M. riyadhense
was the most virulent of the four species in cellular and mouse infection models.
M. decipiens
also multiplied in THP-1 cells at 35°C but was growth impaired at 37°C. Genomic comparisons showed that the
espACD
locus, essential for the secretion of ESX-1 proteins in
Mtb
, was present only in
M. decipiens
, which was able to secrete ESAT-6 and CFP-10, whereas secretion of these antigens varied in the other species, making the four species interesting examples for studying ESX-1 secretion mechanisms.

IMPORTANCE

In this work, we investigated recently identified opportunistic mycobacterial pathogens that are genomically more closely related to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
) than previously used comparator species
Mycobacterium kansasii
and
Mycobacterium marinum
. We confirmed that
Mycobacterium decipiens
is the currently closest known species to the tubercle bacilli, represented by
Mycobacterium canettii
and
Mtb
strains. Surprisingly, the reference strain of
Mycobacterium riyadhense
(DSM 45176), which was purchased as a biosafety level 1 (BSL-1)-rated organism, was the most virulent of the four species in the tested cellular and mouse infection models, suggesting that a BSL-2 rating might be more appropriate for this strain than the current BSL-1 rating. Our work establishes the four NTM species as interesting study models to obtain new insights into the evolutionary mechanisms and phenotypic particularities of mycobacterial pathogens that likely have also impacted the evolution of the key pathogen
Mtb
.
Chronic diarrhoea, weight loss and a positive anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody: A case report of olmesartan-induced enteropathy
Authors: Sheppard Rachel , Evanson Benjamin , Campbell Iona , Shand Alan 
Published: May 2024

Olmesartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker licensed for the treatment of hypertension. It can cause a sprue-like enteropathy (SLE), characterised by chronic diarrhoea, weight loss and villous atrophy. Transiently raised anti-tissue transglutaminase (ATTG) antibody has also been rarely reported in the literature.We describe the case of a woman in her mid-50s, who presented with a history of intermittent loose stools over 1 year, associated with significant weight loss. She had two marginally raised serum ATTG antibody tests during her work-up.After extensive investigations, she was diagnosed with olmesartan-induced enteropathy. On subsequent follow-up, her symptoms had resolved with cessation of her olmesartan therapy.This case adds to existing literature, highlighting the importance of considering olmesartan as a possible differential diagnosis for SLE. It also reports the presence of a raised ATTG antibody which is infrequently reported in this context.
Cost-effectiveness of emicizumab prophylaxis for haemophilia A with inhibitors: an adaptive health technology assessment for the Indian setting
Authors: Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Sivanantham Parthibane , Ravel Vanessa , Mehndiratta Abha , Tyagi Kirti , Ollendorf Daniel A 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the cost-effectiveness of emicizumab prophylaxis for patients having haemophilia A with inhibitors in the Indian context using an adaptive health technology assessment (aHTA) methodology.DesignEconomic evaluation using multiple approaches aimed at adjusting previously generated cost-effectiveness results based on (1) price differences only (‘simple’) and (2) differences in cost and expected treatment duration (‘moderate’) and differences in cost, inflation and life expectancy (‘complex’).SettingTypical haemophilia care in India.ParticipantsPatients with haemophilia A and inhibitors.InterventionEmicizumab prophylaxis using two vial strengths (30 or 150 mg/mL) in comparison to no prophylaxis.Main outcome measuresAdjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICERa), incremental costs and incremental quality-adjusted life years associated with emicizumab prophylaxis from both the health system and societal perspectives.ResultsUsing the simple ICER adjustment method, emicizumab prophylaxis resulted in potential cost savings from the payers’ perspective for both vial strengths in patients aged ≥12 and <12 years. However, from a societal perspective, emicizumab prophylaxis was not cost-effective. Using the moderate adjustment method, emicizumab prophylaxis showed potential cost saving from the health system perspective. The complex adjustment method also revealed cost savings for emicizumab prophylaxis from the health system and societal perspectives across different age groups.ConclusionWe found that implementing emicizumab prophylaxis for patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors in India has the potential to result in cost savings. This study highlights the feasibility of using the expanded aHTA methodology for rapid evidence generation in the Indian context. However, it is crucial to address certain research gaps, including data limitations, challenges in translating international evidence to Indian context and associated uncertainties. Additionally, conducting a comprehensive budget impact analysis is necessary. These findings hold significant implications for decision-making regarding the potential provision of emicizumab prophylaxis through federal or/and state government-funded programmes and institutions in India.
Learning from Ethiopia’s success in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality through a health systems lens
Authors: Melesse Dessalegn Y. , Tadele Ashenif , Mulu Shegaw , Spicer Neil , Tadelle Tefera , Wado Yohannes D , Gajaa Mulugeta , Arja Asrat , Blumenberg Cauane , Manaye Tewabe , Gonfa Geremew , du Plessis Elsabe , Hamilton Elisabeth , Mihretu Awoke , Usamael Abdurehman , Mengesha Magdelawit , Kassahun Gelaw Solomon , Worku Aschale , Woldie Mirkuzie , Abate Biruk , Getachew Theodros , Wondirad Naod , Zelalem Meseret , Tollera Getachew , Boerma Ties 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to enhance insights into the key characteristics of maternal and neonatal mortality declines in Ethiopia, conducted as part of a seven-country study on Maternal and Newborn Health (MNH) Exemplars.MethodsWe synthesised key indicators for 2000, 2010 and 2020 and contextualised those with typical country values in a global five-phase model for a maternal, stillbirth and neonatal mortality transition. We reviewed health system changes relevant to MNH over the period 2000–2020, focusing on governance, financing, workforce and infrastructure, and assessed trends in mortality, service coverage and systems by region. We analysed data from five national surveys, health facility assessments, global estimates and government databases and reports on health policies, infrastructure and workforce.ResultsEthiopia progressed from the highest mortality phase to the third phase, accompanied by typical changes in terms of fertility decline and health system strengthening, especially health infrastructure and workforce. For health coverage and financing indicators, Ethiopia progressed but remained lower than typical in the transition model. Maternal and neonatal mortality declines and intervention coverage increases were greater after 2010 than during 2000–2010. Similar patterns were observed in most regions of Ethiopia, though regional gaps persisted for many indicators. Ethiopia’s progress is characterised by a well-coordinated and government-led system prioritising first maternal and later neonatal health, resulting major increases in access to services by improving infrastructure and workforce from 2008, combined with widespread community actions to generate service demand.ConclusionEthiopia has achieved one of the fastest declines in mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, with major intervention coverage increases, especially from 2010. Starting from a weak health infrastructure and low coverage, Ethiopia’s comprehensive approach provides valuable lessons for other low-income countries. Major increases towards universal coverage of interventions, including emergency care, are critical to further reduce mortality and advance the mortality transition.
Participant characteristics and exclusion from phase 3/4 industry funded trials of chronic medical conditions: meta-analysis of individual participant level data
Authors: Lees Jennifer , Crowther Jamie , Hanlon Peter , Butterly Elaine W , Wild Sarah H , Mair Frances , Guthrie Bruce , Gillies Katie , Dias Sofia , Welton Nicky J , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , McAllister David A 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesTo assess whether age, sex, comorbidity count, and race and ethnic group are associated with the likelihood of trial participants not being enrolled in a trial for any reason (ie, screen failure).DesignBayesian meta-analysis of individual participant level data.SettingIndustry funded phase 3/4 trials of chronic medical conditions.ParticipantsParticipants were identified using individual participant level data to be in either the enrolled group or screen failure group. Data were available for 52 trials involving 72 178 screened individuals of whom 24 733 (34%) were excluded from the trial at the screening stage.Main outcome measuresFor each trial, logistic regression models were constructed to assess likelihood of screen failure in people who had been invited to screening, and were regressed on age (per 10 year increment), sex (malevfemale), comorbidity count (per one additional comorbidity), and race or ethnic group. Trial level analyses were combined in Bayesian hierarchical models with pooling across condition.ResultsIn age and sex adjusted models across all trials, neither age nor sex was associated with increased odds of screen failure, although weak associations were detected after additionally adjusting for comorbidity (odds ratio of age, per 10 year increment was 1.02 (95% credibility interval 1.01 to 1.04) and male sex (0.95 (0.91 to 1.00)). Comorbidity count was weakly associated with screen failure, but in an unexpected direction (0.97 per additional comorbidity (0.94 to 1.00), adjusted for age and sex). People who self-reported as black seemed to be slightly more likely to fail screening than people reporting as white (1.04 (0.99 to 1.09)); a weak effect that seemed to persist after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidity count (1.05 (0.98 to 1.12)). The between-trial heterogeneity was generally low, evidence of heterogeneity by sex was noted across conditions (variation in odds ratios on log scale of 0.01-0.13).ConclusionsAlthough the conclusions are limited by uncertainty about the completeness or accuracy of data collection among participants who were not randomised, we identified mostly weak associations with an increased likelihood of screen failure for age, sex, comorbidity count, and black race or ethnic group. Proportionate increases in screening these underserved populations may improve representation in trials.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42018048202.
Food availability, perceived food environment and social norm perceptions of healthy and vegetarian food consumption at a public music festival in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wopereis Tamika M , de Vet Emely , Rongen Frédérique C , Poelman Maartje P 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveTo gain insight into the food availability, the perceived food environment, and social norm perceptions in favour of healthy and vegetarian food consumption at a festival.DesignTwo cross-sectional substudies were conducted to audit food and beverages at the festival, and to measure visitors’ perceptions of the festival food environment (accessibility, affordability, availability, diversity, quality) and their social norms perceptions via a mobile survey.SettingPublic music festival, the Netherlands.Sample75 food stands and 153 adult festival visitors.Results75 food stands offered 627 food and beverage items, of which 92.4% were not supportive of a healthy diet. Of all food items, 46.6% were vegetarian (including 20% fries). Participants especially perceived the festival food environment as unsupportive of healthy choices. They also had weak descriptive and injunctive social norm perceptions in favour of healthy and vegetarian food consumption. However, they had stronger descriptive (t(152)=−5.5; p<0.001) and injunctive norm perceptions (t(152)=−4.5; p<0.001) of vegetarian food consumption (mean descriptive social norm perception=2.42; SD=0.82; mean injunctive social norm perception=3.14; SD=0.78), than healthy food consumption (mean descriptive social norm perception=2.10; SD=0.76; mean injunctive social norm perception=2.93; SD=0.78). Participants had stronger injunctive than descriptive social norm perceptions of healthy (t(152)=−12.4; p<0.001) and vegetarian (t(152)=−11.3; p<0.001) food consumption. Participants’ perceived food environment and their perception of social norms were positively correlated.ConclusionThe festival’s food environment appears unsupportive of healthy and vegetarian food consumption. The limited availability of healthy and vegetarian food coincided with weak social norm perceptions encouraging their consumption, particularly descriptive norms that arise from observing others. The food environment may stand in the way of developing descriptive norms for the consumption of healthy and vegetarian food, as people can only see others consume food that is available. Implementation of public event policies could support healthier, more sustainable festivals.
Factors influencing optimal diabetes care and clinical outcomes in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multilevel modelling analysis
Authors: Surawit Apinya , Pongkunakorn Tanyaporn , Manosan Thamonwan , Mongkolsucharitkul Pichanun , Chamnan Parinya , Suvarnabhumi Krishna , Puangpet Thanapat , Suta Sophida , Pumeiam Sureeporn , Pinsawas Bonggochpass , Ophakas Suphawan , Pisitpornsuk Sananon , Utchin Chalita , Mayurasakorn Korapat 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundIncreasing levels of poor glycaemic control among Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) motivated us to compare T2DM care between urban and suburban primary care units (PCUs), to identify gaps in care, and to identify significant factors that may influence strategies to enhance the quality of care and clinical outcomes in this population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 2160 patients with T2DM treated at four Thai PCUs from 2019 to 2021, comprising one urban and three suburban facilities. Using mixed effects logistic regression, we compared care factors between urban and suburban PCUs.ResultsPatients attending suburban PCUs were significantly more likely to undergo eye (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.83, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.72), foot (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI 0.65 to 4.59) and HbA1c(AOR: 1.66, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.30) exams and achieved all ABC (HbA1c, blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) goals (AOR: 2.23, 95% CI 1.30 to 3.83). Conversely, those at an urban PCU were more likely to undergo albuminuria exams. Variables significantly associated with good glycaemic control included age (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.79), T2DM duration (AOR: 0.59, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.88), FAACE (foot, HbA1c, albuminuria, LDL-C and eye) goals (AOR: 1.23, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.36) and All8Q (AOR: 1.20, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.41). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was significantly linked with high triglyceride and HbA1clevels (AOR: 5.23, 95% CI 1.21 to 7.61). Elevated HbA1clevels, longer T2DM duration, insulin use, high systolic BP and high lipid profile levels correlated strongly with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and CKD progression.ConclusionThis highlights the necessity for targeted interventions to bridge urban–suburban care gaps, optimise drug prescriptions and implement comprehensive care strategies for improved glycaemic control, DR prevention and CKD progression mitigation among in Thai patients with T2DM. The value of the clinical target aggregate (ABC) and the process of care aggregate (FAACE) was also conclusively demonstrated.
Financial protection and equity in the healthcare financing system in Iran: a cross-sectional study among slum dwellers with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ghammari Fawzieh , Heidari Kousar , Jalilian Habib 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess financial protection and equity in the healthcare financing system among slum dwellers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Iran in 2022.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPrimary care centres in Iran were selected from slums.ParticipantsOur study included 400 participants with T2D using a systematic random sampling method. Patients were included if they lived in slums for at least five consecutive years, were over 18 years old and did not have intellectual disabilities.Primary and secondary measuresA self-report questionnaire was used to assess cost-coping strategies vis-à-vis T2D expenditures and factors influencing them, as well as forgone care among slum dwellers.ResultsOf the 400 patients who participated, 53.8% were female. Among the participants, 27.8% were illiterate, but 30.3% could read and write. 75.8% had income below 40 million Rial. There was an association between age, education, income, basic insurance, supplemental insurance and cost-coping strategies (p<0.001). 88.2% of those with first university degree used health insurance and 34% of illiterate people used personal savings. 79.8% of people with income over 4 million Rial reported using insurance to cope with healthcare costs while 55% of those with income under 4 million Rial reported using personal savings and a combination of health insurance and personal savings to cope with healthcare costs. As a result of binary logistic regression, illiterate people (adjusted OR=16, 95% CI 3.65 to 70.17), individuals with low income (OR 5.024, 95% CI 2.42 to 10.41) and people without supplemental insurance (OR 1.885, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.37) are more likely to use other forms of cost-coping strategies than health insurance.ConclusionsAs a result of insufficient use of insurance, cost-coping strategies used by slum dwellers vis-à-vis T2D expenditures do not protect them from financial risks. Expanding universal health coverage and providing supplemental insurance for those with T2D living in slums are recommended. Iran Health Insurance should adequately cover the costs of T2D care for slum dwellers so that they do not need to use alternative strategies.
Improving clinical reasoning and communication during handover: An intervention study of the BRIEF-C tool
Authors: Altabbaa Ghazwan , Beran Tanya Nathalie , Clark Marcia , Oddone Paolucci Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundExisting handover communication tools often lack a clear theoretical foundation, have limited psychometric evidence, and overlook effective communication strategies for enhancing diagnostic reasoning. This oversight becomes critical as communication breakdowns during handovers have been implicated in poor patient care. To address these issues, we developed a structured communication tool: Background, Responsible diagnosis, Included differential diagnosis, Excluded differential diagnosis, Follow-up, and Communication (BRIEF-C). It is informed by cognitive bias theory, shows evidence of reliability and validity of its scores, and includes strategies for actively sending and receiving information in medical handovers.DesignA pre–test post-test intervention study.SettingInpatient internal medicine and orthopaedic surgery units at one tertiary care hospital.InterventionThe BRIEF-C tool was presented to internal medicine and orthopaedic surgery faculty and residents who participated in an in-person educational session, followed by a 2-week period where they practised using it with feedback.MeasurementsClinical handovers were audiorecorded over 1 week for the pre- and again for the post-periods, then transcribed for analysis. Two faculty raters from internal medicine and orthopaedic surgery scored the transcripts of handovers using the BRIEF-C framework. The two raters were blinded to the time periods.ResultsA principal component analysis identified two subscales on the BRIEF-C: diagnostic clinical reasoning and communication, with high interitem consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82 and 0.99, respectively). One sample t-test indicated significant improvement in diagnostic clinical reasoning (pre-test: M=0.97, SD=0.50; post-test: M=1.31, SD=0.64; t(64)=4.26, p<0.05, medium to large Cohen’s d=0.63) and communication (pre-test: M=0.02, SD=0.16; post-test: M=0.48, SD=0.83); t(64)=4.52, p<0.05, large Cohen’s d=0.83).ConclusionThis study demonstrates evidence supporting the reliability and validity of scores on the BRIEF-C as good indicators of diagnostic clinical reasoning and communication shared during handovers.