bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative assessment of using lay trainers with type 2 diabetes in an intervention programme for people at risk of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Scarpello Tracey J , Murray Nikki J , Maisey Sue , Howe Amanda C , Sampson Mike J ,   on behalf of the UEA-IFG Study Group
Published: January 2012

Objective: More knowledge is needed on the impact of expert patients within health intervention programmes. The University of East Anglia Impaired Fasting Glucose (UEA-IFG) feasibility programme was a structured dietary and exercise intervention to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in susceptible individuals. Lay volunteers with T2DM (T2 trainers) were recruited to support participants in adopting healthier lifestyles. This study aimed to explore the acceptability, perceived effectiveness and sustainability of lay trainers within the programme. Design: A qualitative focus group study. Setting: A clinical research unit in Norwich, United Kingdom (UK). Method: Focus groups were conducted with: (1) T2 trainers ( n = 15); (2) programme participants who had received their support ( n = 11); and (3) salaried staff facilitators who had worked alongside the T2 trainers ( n = 3). Framework analysis was applied to identify the different experiences of the lay trainer role. Results: All groups perceived advantages for peer support, particularly in sharing the day-to-day experiences of living with T2DM. However, staff facilitators raised the importance of role boundaries, emphasizing that T2 trainers should not provide medical advice. Acceptability of T2 trainers was enhanced by contacting participants at a convenient time and before substantial lifestyle changes had been made. Conclusion: Lay trainers were seen as a complementary method to motivate individuals to reduce their risks of T2DM. A less prescriptive approach needs to be adopted to enable full integration of lay trainers, allowing them a greater level of contribution. To sustain effective use of lay trainers, health professionals need to work alongside volunteers and be trained to encourage peer involvement.
Factors associated with long-stay status in patients with schizophrenia: An analysis of national databases covering the entire Korean population
Authors: Chung Woojin , Chang Hoo-Sun , Oh Sun-Min , Yoon Chung-Won 
Published: January 2012

Background: Admissions lasting over six months (long-stay) occur frequently among patients with schizophrenia in South Korea. Aims: To identify some patient-level and institution-level factors associated with long-stay status of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. We analysed a nationwide population-based reimbursement claims data set consisting of 496,338 claims for 58,287 patients with schizophrenia between 1 January 2005 and 30 June 2006. A two-level random effects logistic regression model was used to identify those factors. Results: Age (<20 years (ref), 60–69 (OR 2.000, 95% CI: 1.640–2.438), ≥ 70 (2.068, 1.682–2.543)), male gender (1.192, 1.144–1.242), type of national health insurance plan (national health insurance (ref), Medical Care Aid Type 1 (4.299, 4.024–4.593)), secondary diagnosis (none (ref), psychiatric diagnosis (0.719, 0.666–0.777), non-psychiatric diagnosis (0.918, 0.850–0.991)) and type of institution (clinic (ref), psychiatric hospital (2.769, 1.507–5.087)) were associated with likelihood of long-stay status. Institutional variable associated with long-stay status included a higher number of beds (1.073, 1.013–1.137). The number of professionals (0.752, 0.646–0.876) showed negative association with long-stay status. Conclusions: Researchers could improve their assessment of long-stay status of patients with schizophrenia by using a two-level analysis including patient-level and institution-level factors. This study suggests that mental health interventions to reduce the long stay of patients with schizophrenia focus on older male patients, those enrolled in a national medical care aid programme and those admitted to psychiatric hospitals.
What Strains the Anterior Cruciate Ligament During a Pivot Landing?
Authors: Oh Youkeun K. , Lipps David B. , Ashton-Miller James A. , Wojtys Edward M. 
Published: January 2012

Background: The relative contributions of an axial tibial torque and frontal plane moment to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) strain during pivot landings are unknown. Hypothesis: The peak normalized relative strain in the anteromedial (AM) bundle of the ACL is affected by the direction of the axial tibial torque but not by the direction of the frontal plane moment applied concurrently during a simulated jump landing. Study Design: Controlled and descriptive laboratory studies. Methods: Fifteen adult male knees with pretensioned knee muscle-tendon unit forces were loaded under a simulated pivot landing test. Compression, flexion moment, internal or external tibial torque, and knee varus or valgus moment were simultaneously applied to the distal tibia while recording the 3D knee loads and tibiofemoral kinematics. The AM-ACL relative strain was measured using a 3-mm differential variable reluctance transducer. The results were analyzed using nonparametric Wilcoxon signed–rank tests. A 3D dynamic biomechanical knee model was developed using ADAMS and validated to help interpret the experimental results. Results: The mean (SD) peak AM-ACL relative strain was 192% greater ( P < .001) under the internal tibial torque combined with a knee varus or valgus moment (7.0% [3.9%] and 7.0% [4.1%], respectively) than under external tibial torque with the same moments (2.4% [2.5%] and 2.4% [3.2%], respectively). The knee valgus moment augmented the AM-ACL strain due to the slope of the tibial plateau inducing mechanical coupling (ie, internal tibial rotation and knee valgus moment); this augmentation occurred before medial knee joint space opening. Conclusion: An internal tibial torque combined with a knee valgus moment is the worst-case ACL loading condition. However, it is the internal tibial torque that primarily causes large ACL strain. Clinical Relevance: Limiting the maximum coefficient of friction between the shoe and playing surface should limit the peak internal tibial torque that can be applied to the knee during jump landings, thereby reducing peak ACL strain and the risk for noncontact injury.
A thermal-based approach for determining electroplastic characteristics
Authors: Salandro Wesley A , Bunget Cristina J , Mears Laine 
Published: January 2012

Recent development of electrically assisted manufacturing processes proved the advantages of using the electric current, mainly related with the decrease in the mechanical forming load, and improvement in the formability when electrically assisted forming of metals. The reduction of forming load was formulated previously assuming that a part of the electrical energy input is dissipated into heat, thus producing thermal softening of the material, while the remaining component directly aids the plastic deformation. The fraction of electrical energy applied, which assists the deformation process compared to the total amount of electrical energy, is given by the electroplastic effect coefficient. The objective of the current research is to investigate the complex effect of the electricity applied during deformation, and to establish a methodology for quantifying the electroplastic effect coefficient. Temperature behavior is observed for varying levels of deformation and previous cold work. Results are used to refine the understanding of the electroplastic effect coefficient, and a new relationship, in the form of a power law, is derived. This model is validated under independent experiments in Grade 2 (commercially pure) and Grade 5 (Ti–6Al–4V) titanium.
Complex and open fractures
Authors: Corr Sandra 
Published: January 2012

Clinical challenges Cats often present with traumatic injuries of the limbs, including complex and open fractures, frequently as a result of road traffic accidents. On initial assessment, complex and open fractures may appear to require expertise beyond the experience of the general practitioner and, in some cases, referral to a specialist may be indicated or amputation should be considered. Practical relevance Many cases, however, can be managed using straightforward principles. This review describes a logical and practical approach to treating such injuries. It discusses general principles of fracture management, highlights the treatment of open fractures, and describes the use of external skeletal fixation for stabilisation of both open and complex fractures. Equipment Most fractures can be stabilised using equipment and expertise available in general practice if the basic principles of fracture fixation are understood and rigorously applied. Evidence base Many textbooks and journal articles have been published on the management of fractures in companion animals, presenting case studies, case series and original biomechanical research. The simple strategy for managing complex injuries that is provided in this review is based on the published literature and the author’s clinical experience.
Rituximab decreases the risk of lymphoma in patients with HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Gérard Laurence , Michot Jean-Marie , Burcheri Sara , Fieschi Claire , Longuet Pacale , Delcey Véronique , Meignin Véronique , Agbalika Felix , Chevret Sylvie , Oksenhendler Eric , Galicier Lionel 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
HIV-associated multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is associated with a high risk of developing nonHodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab is effective in HIV-MCD, but its impact on NHL incidence remains unknown. From a single-center prospective cohort, 113 patients were identified with a diagnosis of HIV-MCD for the present study. To compare the incidence of NHL between patients who had received a rituximab-based treatment (R+ group) and those who had not (R− group), data were analyzed before and after matching on propensity scores and after multiple imputation. The mean follow-up was 4.2 years. In the R− group (n = 65), 17 patients developed NHL (incidence, 69.6 of 1000 person years). In the R+ group (n = 48), only 1 patient developed NHL (incidence, 4.2 of 1000 person years). Based on the propensity score-matching method, a significant decrease in the incidence of NHL was observed in patients who had been treated with rituximab (hazard ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.70). Ten Kaposi sarcoma (KS) exacerbations and 1 newly diagnosed KS were observed in 9 patients after rituximab therapy. Rituximab was associated with an 11-fold lower risk of developing lymphoma. KS exacerbation was the most challenging adverse event after rituximab therapy.
Effects of phorbol myristate acetate and sivelestat on the lung injury caused by fat embolism in isolated lungs
Authors: Lin Chia-Chih , Liu Pei-Hsin , Kao Shang Jyh , Chen Hsing I 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Fat embolism syndrome (FES) associated with acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinical condition following long bone fracture. We have reported 14 victims due to ALI with FES. Our laboratory has developed an animal model that produced fat emboli (FE). The major purpose of this study was to test whether neutrophil activation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and inhibition with sivelestat (SVT) exert protection on the lung.

Methods
The lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and perfused. FE was produced by addition of corn oil micelles into the lung perfusate. PMA and SVT were given simultaneously with FE. Parameters such as lung weight/body weight ratio, LW gain, exhaled nitric oxide (NO), protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage relating to ALI were measured. The neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and phopholipase A2 activity were determined. We also measured the nitrate/nitrite, methyl guanidine (MG), and cytokines. Pulmonary arterial pressure and microvascular permeability were assessed. Lung pathology was examined and scored. The inducible and endothelial NO synthase (iNOS and eNOS) were detected.

Results
FE caused ALI and increased biochemical factors. The challenge also resulted in pulmonary hypertension and increased microvascular permeability. The NE appeared to be the first to reach its peak at 1 hr, followed by other factors. Coadministration with PMA exacerbated the FE-induced changes, while SVT attenuated the effects of FE.

Conclusions
The FE-induced lung changes were enhanced by PMA, while SVT had the opposite effect. Sivelestat, a neutrophil inhibitor may be a therapeutic choice for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following fat embolism.
Differential effects of AdOx on gene expression in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells
Authors: Yan Li , Zhao Hai-yong , Zhang Ye , Shen Yu-fei 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background
Pluripotent cells maintain a unique gene expression pattern and specific chromatin signature. In this study, we explored the effect of the methyltransferase inhibitor adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx) on pluripotency maintenance and gene expression in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.

Results
After AdOx treatment, the pluripotency-related gene network became disordered, and the early developmental genes were released from the repression. Remarkably, AdOx caused contrasting effects on the expression of two key pluripotency genes, nanog and oct3/4, with the reduction of the repressive histone marks H3K27me3, H3K9me3 and H3K9me2 only in the nanog gene.

Conclusions
Key pluripotency genes were controlled by different mechanisms, including the differential enrichment of repressive histone methylation marks. These data provided novel clues regarding the critical role of histone methylation in the maintenance of pluripotency and the determination of cell fate in P19 pluripotent cells.
Comparison of acute versus convalescent stage high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein level in predicting clinical outcome after acute ischemic stroke and impact of erythropoietin
Authors: Yeh Kuo-Ho , Tsai Tzu-Hsien , Chai Han-Tan , Leu Steve , Chung Sheng-Ying , Chua Sarah , Chen Yung-Lung , Lin Hung-Sheng , Yuen Chun-Man , Yip Hon-Kan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Background and Aim
Currently, no data on the optimal time point after acute ischemic stroke (IS) at which high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level is most predictive of unfavorable outcome. We tested the hypothesis that hs-CRP levels during both acute (48 h after IS) and convalescent (21 days after IS) phases are equally important in predicting 90-day clinical outcome after acute IS. We further evaluated the impact of erythropoietin (EPO), an anti-inflammatory agent, on level of hs-CRP after acute IS.

Methods
Totally 160 patients were prospectively randomized to receive either EPO therapy (group 1, n = 80) (5,000 IU each time, subcutaneously) at 48 h and 72 h after acute IS, or placebo (group 2, n = 80). Serum level of hs-CRP was determined using ELISA at 48 h and on day 21 after IS and once in 60 healthy volunteers.

Results
Serum level of hs-CRP was substantially higher in all patients with IS than in healthy controls at 48 h and day 21 after IS (all p < 0.001). Levels of hs-CRP did not differ between group 1 and 2 at 48 h and day 21 after IS (all p > 0.5). Multivariate analysis showed that hs-CRP levels (at 48 h and day 21) were independently predictive of 90-day major adverse neurological event (MANE) (defined as recurrent stroke, NIHSS≥8, or death) (all p < 0.03), whereas EPO therapy was independently predictive of reduced 90-day MANE (all p < 0.02).

Conclusion
EPO therapy which was independently predictive of freedom from 90-day MANE did not alter the crucial role of hs-CRP levels measured at 48 h and 21-day in predicting unfavorable clinical outcome after IS.
Facile synthesis of nano-Li4 Ti5O12 for high-rate Li-ion battery anodes
Authors: Jin Yun-Ho , Min Kyung-Mi , Shim Hyun-Woo , Seo Seung-Deok , Hwang In-Sung , Park Kyung-Soo , Kim Dong-Wan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
One of the most promising anode materials for Li-ion batteries, Li4Ti5O12, has attracted attention because it is a zero-strain Li insertion host having a stable insertion potential. In this study, we suggest two different synthetic processes to prepare Li4Ti5O12 using anatase TiO2 nanoprecursors. TiO2 powders, which have extraordinarily large surface areas of more than 250 m2 g-1, were initially prepared through the urea-forced hydrolysis/precipitation route below 100°C. For the synthesis of Li4Ti5O12, LiOH and Li2CO3 were added to TiO2 solutions prepared in water and ethanol media, respectively. The powders were subsequently dried and calcined at various temperatures. The phase and morphological transitions from TiO2 to Li4Ti5O12 were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical performance of nanosized Li4Ti5O12 was evaluated in detail by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling. Furthermore, the high-rate performance and long-term cycle stability of Li4Ti5O12 anodes for use in Li-ion batteries were discussed.
Fabrication and characterization of silicon wire solar cells having ZnO nanorod antireflection coating on Al-doped ZnO seed layer
Authors: Baek Seong-Ho , Noh Bum-Young , Park Il-Kyu , Kim Jae Hyun 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In this study, we have fabricated and characterized the silicon [Si] wire solar cells with conformal ZnO nanorod antireflection coating [ARC] grown on a Al-doped ZnO [AZO] seed layer. Vertically aligned Si wire arrays were fabricated by electrochemical etching and, the p-n junction was prepared by spin-on dopant diffusion method. Hydrothermal growth of the ZnO nanorods was followed by AZO film deposition on high aspect ratio Si microwire arrays by atomic layer deposition [ALD]. The introduction of an ALD-deposited AZO film on Si wire arrays not only helps to create the ZnO nanorod arrays, but also has a strong impact on the reduction of surface recombination. The reflectance spectra show that ZnO nanorods were used as an efficient ARC to enhance light absorption by multiple scattering. Also, from the current-voltage results, we found that the combination of the AZO film and ZnO nanorods on Si wire solar cells leads to an increased power conversion efficiency by more than 27% compared to the cells without it.
Low-temperature synthesis of LiFePO4 nanocrystals by solvothermal route
Authors: Lim Jinsub , Kang Sung-Won , Moon Jieh , Kim Sungjin , Park Hyosun , Baboo Joseph Paul , Kim Jaekook 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
LiFePO4 nanocrystals were synthesized at a very low temperature of 170°C using carbon nanoparticles by a solvothermal process in a polyol medium, namely diethylene glycol without any heat treatment as a post procedure. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the LiFePO4 was indexed well to a pure orthorhombic system of olivine structure (space group: Pnma) with no undesirable impurities. The LiFePO4 nanocrystals synthesized at low temperature exhibited mono-dispersed and carbon-mixed plate-type LiFePO4 nanoparticles with average length, width, and thickness of approximately 100 to 300 nm, 100 to 200 nm, and 50 nm, respectively. It also appeared to reveal considerably enhanced electrochemical properties when compared to those of pristine LiFePO4. These observed results clearly indicate the effect of carbon in improving the reactivity and synthesis of LiFePO4 nanoparticles at a significantly lower temperature.
Electrochemical performance of Ni
x
Co1-xMoO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanowire anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Park Kyung-Soo , Seo Seung-Deok , Shim Hyun-Woo , Kim Dong-Wan 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Ni
x
Co1-x
MoO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanowire electrodes for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries have been synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by thermal post-annealing at 500°C for 2 h. The chemical composition of the nanowires was varied, and their morphological features and crystalline structures were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The reversible capacity of NiMoO4 and Ni0.75Co0.25MoO4 nanowire electrodes was larger (≈520 mA h/g after 20 cycles at a rate of 196 mA/g) than that of the other nanowires. This enhanced electrochemical performance of Ni
x
Co1-x
MoO4 nanowires with high Ni content was ascribed to their larger surface area and efficient electron transport path facilitated by their one-dimensional nanostructure.
Effective surface oxidation of polymer replica molds for nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Ryu Ilhwan , Hong Dajung , Yim Sanggyu 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In nanoimprint lithography, a surface oxidation process is needed to produce an effective poly(dimethylsiloxane) coating that can be used as an anti-adhesive surface of template molds. However, the conventional photooxidation technique or acidic oxidative treatment cannot be easily applied to polymer molds with nanostructures since surface etching by UV radiation or strong acids significantly damages the surface nanostructures in a short space of time. In this study, we developed a basic oxidative treatment method and consequently, an effective generation of hydroxyl groups on a nanostructured surface of polymer replica molds. The surface morphologies and water contact angles of the polymer molds indicate that this new method is relatively nondestructive and more efficient than conventional oxidation treatments.
Magnetization reversal of Co/Pd multilayers on nanoporous templates
Authors: Huang Chien-Chih , Yu Chin-Chung , Chen Shih-Yuan , Yao Yeong-Der , Lai Jun-Yang 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
By making use of an e-beam deposition system, the [Co(2 Å)/Pd(10 Å)]15 multilayers were prepared on a Si(100) substrate and anodized aluminum oxide [AAO] templates with average pore diameters of around 185, 95, and 40 nm. The mechanism of magnetization reversal of the Co/Pd multilayers was investigated. Wall motion was observed on the Co/Pd multilayers grown on the Si substrate. A combination of wall motion and domain rotation was found in the sample grown on the AAO template with a 185-nm pore diameter. For the samples grown on the AAO templates with pore diameters of around 95 and 40 nm, the reversal mechanism was dominated by domain rotation. The rotational reversal was mainly contributed from the underlying nanoporous AAO templates that provided an additional pinning effect.

PACS: 75.30.Gw, magnetic anisotropy; 78.67.Rb, nanoporous materials; 75.60.Jk, magnetization reversal mechanisms.
Structure-property relations of co-doped bismuth layer-structured Bi3.25La0.75(Ti1-xMo
x
)3O12 ceramics
Authors: Siriprapa Pasinee , Watcharapasorn Anucha , Jiansirisomboon Sukanda 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In this work, the fabrication and investigation of substituting higher-valence Mo6+ for Ti4+ ion on the B-site of La3+-doped Bi4Ti3O12 [BLT] structure to form Bi3.25La0.75(Ti1-x
Mo
x
)3O12 [BLTM] (when x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 0.07, 0.09, and 0.10) ceramics were carried out. X-ray diffraction patterns of BLTM ceramics indicated an orthorhombic structure with lattice distortion, especially with a higher concentration of a MoO3 dopant. Microstructural investigation showed that all ceramics composed mainly of plate-like grains. An increase in MoO3 doping content increased the length and thickness of the grain but reduced the density of the ceramics. Electrical conductivity was found to decrease, while the dielectric constant increased with Mo6+ doping concentration. Ferroelectric properties were found to be improved with increasing MoO3 content and were optimized at x = 0.1.