bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic modulation and cellular therapy of cardiac dysfunction and failure
Authors: Revenco Diana , Morgan James P. 
Published: April 2009

Introduction
Metabolic modulation
Medications that influence metabolism in heart failure (Table 2)
Cell therapy
Mechanisms of stem cell mediated myocardial regeneration
Clinical applications of stem cells

Potential metabolic modulators in heart failure

(1) Long‐chain 3‐ketoacyl coenzyme A thiolase inhibitor

Trimetazidine

(2) CPT I inhibitors

Perhexiline

Etomoxir

Oxfenicin

(3) PPAR‐γ activators

Rosiglitazone

Pioglitazone

AbstractAt present the prevalence of heart failure rises along with aging of the population. Current heart failure therapeutic options are directed towards disease prevention via neurohormonal antagonism (β‐blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers and aldosterone antagonists), symptomatic treatment with diuretics and digitalis and use of biventricular pacing and defibrillators in a special subset of patients. Despite these therapies and device interventions heart failure remains a progressive disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. The number of patients who survive to develop advanced heart failure is increasing. These patients require new therapeutic strategies. In this review two of emerging therapies in the treatment of heart failure are discussed: metabolic modulation and cellular therapy. Metabolic modulation aims to optimize the myocardial energy utilization via shifting the substrate utilization from free fatty acids to glucose. Cellular therapy on the other hand has the goal to achieve true cardiac regeneration. We review the experimental data that support these strategies as well as the available pharmacological agents for metabolic modulation and clinical application of cellular therapy.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Two Different Homing Pathways Involving Integrin β7 and E‐selectin Significantly Influence Trafficking of CD4 Cells to the Genital Tract Following Chlamydia muridarum Infection
Authors: Kelly Kathleen A. , Chan Ann M. , Butch Anthony , Darville Toni 
Published: April 2009

Problem  Chlamydia trachomatis causes STI and reproductive dysfunction worldwide which is not preventable with antibiotics. Identifying a population of endocervical T cells to target in vaccine development would enhance efficacy.Method of study  Trafficking of murine CD4+ lymphocytes to Chlamydia muridarum infected genital tract (GT) tissue in vivo was measured using adoptive transfer studies of fluorescent CD4+ T cells from integrin β7−/− mice or mice which lack E‐selectin on endothelial cells.Results  Murine in vivo migration studies showed that lack of α4β7 or E‐selectin significantly reduced trafficking of CD4 T cells to the GT of mice infected with C. muridarum.Conclusion  CD4+ T cells use at least two different adhesive mechanisms involving an integrin of the mucosal homing pathway and selectin pathway to accumulate in the GT during C. muridarum infection.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The Combination of the Gastrointestinal Integrin (α4β7) and Selectin Ligand Enhances T‐Cell Migration to the Reproductive Tract During Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Kelly Kathleen A. , Wiley Dorothy , Wiesmeier Ed , Briskin Michael , Butch Anthony , Darville Toni 
Published: April 2009

Problem  Chlamydia trachomatis causes sexually transmitted infection and reproductive dysfunction worldwide. Identifying a population of endocervical T‐cells to target in vaccine development is likely to enhance efficacy of a vaccine and reduce reproductive tract dysfunction.Method of study  Endocervical samples were obtained from young women and flow cytometric analysis was used to identify lymphocytes that appeared in the genital tract in response to sexually transmitted bacterial infections caused by C. trachomatis.Results  Increased numbers of α4β7+CLA+ memory T‐cells, a unique T‐cell phenotype, were found in the endocervix of human female subjects infected with C. trachomatis.Conclusion A unique population of memory T lymphocytes expressing both α4β7 and CLA gain access to reproductive tract tissues during a sexually transmitted infection with C. trachomatis and should be considered in development of vaccines against sexually transmitted infections.
Comparison of angiogenesis in keratocystic odontogenic tumours, dentigerous cysts and ameloblastomas
Authors: Alaeddini M , Salah S , Dehghan F , Eshghyar N , Etemad‐Moghadam S 
Published: April 2009

Objective:  The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare angiogenesis in keratocystic odontogenic tumours, dentigerous cysts (DCs) and ameloblasomas using monoclonal antibody against CD34.Materials and methods:  Microvessel density was assessed in a total of 53 cases including 20 keratocystic odontogenic tumours, 13 DCs and 20 ameloblastomas (14 solid and six unicystic variants). Microvessel density was expressed as the mean number of microvessels per high‐power‐field.Results:  Statistically significant differences in mean microvessel density were observed between keratocystic odontogenic tumours, DCs and solid ameloblastomas (P < 0.001). Mean microvessel density was significantly higher in solid ameloblastomas compared with both keratocystic odontogenic tumours and DCs; and was also significantly higher in keratocystic odontogenic tumours than in DCs.Conclusion:  Within the limitations of the present study, it can be suggested that angiogenesis may be one of the mechanisms possibly contributing to the different biological behaviours of keratocystic odontogenic tumours, DCs and solid ameloblastomas.
Phototherapy, photodynamic therapy and lasers in the treatment of acne
Authors: Degitz Klaus 
Published: April 2009

SummaryModern acne therapy uses anticomedogenic, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and antiandrogenic substances. As an additional approach in recent years, treatments have been developed based on the application of electromagnetic radiation. Visible light or infrared wave lengths are utilized by most techniques, including blue light lamps, intense pulsed light, photodynamic therapy and lasers. This review evaluates the various methods with regard to efficacy and their current role in the management of acne. Although UV radiation has been frequently used to treat acne, it is now regarded as obsolete due to the unfavorable risk‐benefit ratio. Visible light, especially of blue wavelengths, appears to be suitable for the treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne. Photodynamic therapy is effective, but, due to considerable immediate side effects, it is best reserved for selected situations. Despite promising observations, intense pulsed light and lasers have to be evaluated in further studies, before they can be recommended.
Antibiotic usage, dosage and course length in children between 0 and 4 years
Authors: De Jong Josta , Van Den Berg Paul B , Visser Sipke T , De Vries Tjalling W , De Jong‐van den Berg Lolkje TW 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim:  Antibiotic drugs are most frequently used by 0‐ to 4‐year‐old children. We performed a cross‐sectional study in the Netherlands using a pharmacy prescription database to investigate the use, dose and course length of antibiotic drugs in 0‐ to 4‐year‐olds.Methods:  We used a database with pharmacy drug‐dispensing data. We investigated all prescriptions of systemic antibiotics prescribed in the years 2002–2006 for children of 0–4 years of age. Prescriptions for children under the age of 3 months were excluded.Results:  Children of 9–12 months of age received more antibiotics than children in other age groups. In the 3‐ to 6‐month‐olds, amoxicillin was prescribed in 75.2% of the cases. This percentage was 50.4% in the 4‐year‐olds. The contribution of other broad‐spectrum antibiotics increased with age (clarithromycin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). Small‐spectrum penicillins were prescribed less often than the broad‐spectrum antibiotics. From the prescriptions of the five most used drugs, 97.6% were within the recommended dose range. Most course lengths corresponded with the guidelines. Of the prescriptions, 3.9% were unlicensed or off‐label.Conclusion:  Within the group of 0‐ to 4‐year‐old children, most antibiotics were used by 9‐ to 12‐month‐olds. The doses and course lengths were mostly correct, but the choice of antibiotics was not according to the guidelines. Young children received unlicensed and off‐label prescribed antibiotics.
Effect of soybean hull supplementation to finishing pigs on the emission of noxious gases from slurry
Authors: WANG Yuan , CHEN Ying‐Jie , CHO Jin‐Ho , YOO Jong‐Sang , HUANG Yan , KIM Hyo‐Jin , SHIN Seung‐Oh , ZHOU Tian‐Xiang , KIM In‐Ho 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTNinety six pigs were assigned on the basis of body weight (BW) to one of four dietary treatments (4 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment) and fed for 4 weeks. Four 14.85% CP diets were formulated to contain graded levels of soybean hulls at 0, 5, 10, or 15%, respectively. The results showed that treatments did not affect growth performance. Coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) for dry matter (DM) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with the addition level of soybean hulls. Slurry ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) was not affected with the increased soybean hulls levels, but volatile fatty acids (VFA) were linearly (P < 0.05) increased. Slurry pH and ammonia (NH3) emissions were significantly decreased by the addition of soybean hulls (Linear, P < 0.05). Conversely, slurry hydrogen sulphide (H2S) emissions exhibited an increase with the addition of soybean hulls (Linear, P < 0.10). Our data indicate that soybean hulls inclusion can decrease slurry pH value and NH3 emission without any negative influence on growth performance.
Effect of SCD and SREBP genotypes on fatty acid composition in adipose tissue of Japanese Black cattle herds
Authors: OHSAKI Hideki , TANAKA Atsuko , HOASHI Shogo , SASAZAKI Shinji , OYAMA Kenji , TANIGUCHI Masaaki , MUKAI Fumio , MANNEN Hideyuki 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTFatty acid composition of beef adipose tissue is one of important traits because high proportions of monounsaturated fatty acid are related to favorable beef flavor and tenderness. In this study, we investigated effects of genetic factors such as stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) on beef carcass traits including fatty acid composition using two cattle populations. Sire effect was significantly related to almost all traits except BMS, suggesting that the trait examined in this study is highly controlled by genetic factors. The effect of SCD genotype on fatty acid composition was detected remarkably in both cattle groups, especially on stearic and oleic acids. This result was consistent with our previous studies and suggests that SCD is associated with fatty acid composition. Unlike SCD genotyping, the effect of SREBP genotype was not identified in this study. Our results suggested that SCD genotype would contribute to improving beef quality in field populations. Further studies about the relationship among these factors will bring an insight into the molecular mechanism of fatty acid metabolism in cattle.
Changes in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma gene expression of chicken abdominal adipose tissue with different age, sex and genotype
Authors: SATO Kan , ABE Hiroyuki , KONO Tatsuyoshi , YAMAZAKI Makoto , NAKASHIMA Kazuki , KAMADA Toshihiko , AKIBA Yukio 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTPeroxisome proliferatior‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that regulates adipocyte differentiation, and the activation of PPARγ increases fat deposition in growing chickens. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the levels of PPARγ gene expression were related to fat pad weight in abdominal adipose tissue in growing chickens with different genotype and sex. Body weight and abdominal adipose tissue weight in broiler chickens (Ross strain) were higher than the other genotypes (Road Island Red, White Leghorn, and Japanese native poultry (Tsushima)) at 3 and 5 weeks of age. PPARγ mRNA expression in abdominal adipose tissue tended to increase with age, as evidenced by higher expression levels at 5 weeks than at 1 week of age in all sex and genotype of chickens. In broiler chickens, the PPARγ expressions were significantly higher than the other genotypes. PPARγ mRNA expression levels in abdominal adipose tissue of female chickens rapidly increased at 3 weeks, and were unchanged until 5 weeks, while those in male chickens gradually increased until 5 weeks. In addition, abdominal adipose tissue weight was correlated with PPARγ expression levels. These results demonstrated that PPARγ gene expression is a useful marker of fat deposition in chickens, suggesting that PPARγ is a key factor of fat accumulation in chicken abdominal fat pad.
Epidermal growth factor‐containing wound closure enhances wound healing in non‐diabetic and diabetic rats
Authors: Dogan S , Demirer S , Kepenekci I , Erkek B , Kiziltay A , Hasirci N , Müftüoğlu S , Nazikoğlu A , Renda N , Dincer UD , Elhan A , Kuterdem E 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTBackground: This study was designed to elucidate the in vivo efficacy of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on wound healing in non diabetic and diabetic rats.Methods: Ninety‐six male Wistar‐Albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. Saline‐moistened gauze, pure gelatin or EGF in gelatin‐microsphere dressings were used in a dermal excision model in both normal and streptomycin‐induced diabetic rats. Wound healing was evaluated on day 7 and 14. Reduction in wound area, hydroxypyroline content and tensile strength of the wound were evaluated in each rat. Tissue samples taken from the wounds were examined histopathologically for reepithelialisation, cellular infiltration, number of fibroblasts, granulation and neovascularisation.Results: On day 7, the use of EGF‐containing dressing was observed to reduce the wound area better when compared with the other dressings tested. This effect was significant in normal rats rather than diabetic rats. The difference in reduction of wound area did not persist on day 14. No significant effect on hydroxyproline content of the wound was found with EGF‐containing dressing in either normal or diabetic rats. There was a statistically significant increase in tensile strength values of EGF‐applied non diabetic rats over the 14 day period. An increase in tensile strength was prominent in also EGF‐applied diabetic rats on day 14. Histological examination revealed higher histopathologic scores in EGF‐applied diabetic and non diabetic rats.Conclusion: These findings implicate that use of EGF in gelatin‐microsphere dressings improves wound healing both in normal and diabetic rats.
Initial multi‐centre observations upon the effect of a new topical negative pressure device upon patient and clinician experience and the treatment of wounds
Authors: Witkowski Wojciech , Jawien Arkadiusz , Witkiewicz Wojciech , Zon Bartlomiej 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTTopical Negative Pressure (TNP) has become an accepted intervention in wound healing with a growing body of scientific literature supporting the effectiveness of TNP across a wide variety of wound aetiologies. The range of TNP devices has also increased with perhaps the primary distinction being between those TNP devices that employ gauze or foam as a wound dressing. This study reports preliminary multi‐centre observations upon the use of a new gauze based TNP device in the treatment of wounds. Across 3 study centres twenty‐nine subjects were recruited to the study with 8 presenting with leg ulcers, 8 with pressure ulcers, 12 with acute or surgical wounds and 1 with a non‐healing burn injury. Wounds were then treated with the new TNP therapy for a maximum of 17 days (range 2–17 days). There appeared to be a trend for subjects with leg ulcers to be treated for longer (mean duration 12.9 days) compared to subjects with pressure ulcers (mean duration 6.5 days) or those with surgical wounds (mean duration 8.2 days). Given the relatively short duration of the TNP therapy no wound completely healed although 22/29 (75.9%) showed reductions in surface area per day of treatment with all but 1 pressure ulcer and 1 leg ulcer responding positively to treatment. While not an RCT, this and similar cohort studies may be central to the future selection of TNP devices given the increasing importance of the role of the user interface to reduce the likelihood of incorrect use and sub‐optimal outcomes.
Role of integrins and focal adhesion kinase in the orientation of dermal fibroblasts exposed to cyclic strain*
Authors: Wen Huang , Blume Peter A , Sumpio Bauer E 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTStretch is applied to skin under normal physiological conditions, for example pregnancy, or artificially using soft tissue expanders. Because cells are known to orient in response to the application of mechanical forces, the current studies were carried out to assess the effects of stretch on dermal fibroblast orientation and cell signalling. Dermal fibroblasts were seeded onto collagen‐coated flexible membranes and grown to 70–80% confluence. Membranes were then deformed at 10 cycles per minute by the application of 135 mmHg subatmospheric pressure. This corresponded to strain levels of 0–24% from the centre to extremity of the flexible membrane. We show that a minimum of 15% cell stretch is required to significantly stimulate the fibroblast orientation response. focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p38 and Rho were activated in fibroblasts exposed to cyclic stretch and incubation of cells with anti‐integrin β1 before the application of stretch abrogated fibroblast orientation, as well as FAK, p38 and Rho activation. Fibroblast orientation in response to cyclic stretch is mediated at least in part by integrin β1 through phosphorylation of FAK, p38 and activation of Rho.
Effect of a regular family visiting program as an affective, auditory, and tactile stimulation on the consciousness level of comatose patients with a head injury
Authors: ABBASI Maryam , MOHAMMADI Eesa , SHEAYKH REZAYI Abdoreza 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a regular family visiting program, as an auditory, affective, and tactile stimulation, on the consciousness level of comatose head injury patients.Method:  A randomized controlled trial design was used. Fifty comatose head injury patients were randomly allocated into a control group or an intervention group. The consciousness level of the patients in both groups was evaluated and recorded by the Glasgow Coma Scale, before and 30 min after the visiting program.Results:  The independent t‐test results demonstrated that the means of the consciousness level at the first day before intervention had no significant difference in both groups. The repeated measured ANOVA results demonstrated that the consciousness level alterations were significant between the two groups over the 6 days of intervention.Conclusion:  The results of the present study provided evidence to support that a regular family visiting program could induce the stimulation of comatose patients. Therefore, it can be considered as a potential nursing intervention.
Where to catch a fish? The influence of foraging tactics on the ecology of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida Bay, Florida
Authors: Torres Leigh G. , Read Andrew J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObservations of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida Bay, Florida, between 2002 and 2005 revealed the use of three distinct foraging tactics. The goal of this study was to identify ecological correlates with tactic use and describe the impact of foraging specializations on the overall habitat use and distribution patterns of this dolphin population. Foraging tactics showed strong association with contrasting environmental characteristics, primarily depth. Locations of two of these tactic groups were spatially repulsed. Analyses of sighting histories of individual dolphins observed at foraging events determined that dolphins which employed one tactic never employed the other, and vice versa. Although bottlenose dolphins have plastic foraging behaviors, dolphins in Florida Bay appear to specialize in one tactic and subsequently limit their overall distribution patterns to coincide with habitats that facilitate success using that foraging tactic. This study demonstrates how foraging behavior can be an ecological determinant of overall dolphin habitat use patterns and works to create spatial structure within a population due to consistent mapping of tactics onto environmental variation. These foraging specializations potentially impact the social and demographic patterns of this dolphin population. The possible evolutionary mechanisms behind this intraspecific variation, including resource limitation and social learning, are considered.
Cytopathological and histopathological diagnosis of canine splenic disorders
Authors: Christensen NI , Canfield PJ , Martin PA , Krockenberger MB , Spielman DS , Bosward KL 
Published: April 2009

Objectives To determine (1) the common types of canine splenic disorders, and the breeds affected, that are diagnosed by cytopathological and histopathological examination in Sydney, Australia and (2) the accuracy of cytopathological examination compared with histopathological examination for the diagnosis of canine splenic disorders.Design 69 cytopathological and 51 histopathological diagnoses of canine splenic disorders presented to the Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, The University of Sydney during 2006 and 2007 were tabulated and analysed; 17 cases examined both cytopathologically and histopathologically during 2001–07 were also analysed.Results The most common cytopathological diagnoses were benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis (29%), followed by no abnormalities detectable (28%), malignant neoplasms (20%), equivocal diagnoses (20%) and inflammatory disorders (3%). The most common breeds were Kelpie crosses and mixed breeds. The most common histopathological diagnoses were benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis (49%), followed by malignant neoplasms (43%) and inflammatory disorders (8%). The most common breeds were German Shepherd Dogs, Boxers and Maltese Terriers. Cytopathological and histopathological diagnoses were in complete agreement in 59% of cases, partial agreement in 29% and disagreement in 12%.Conclusion Benign disorders of growth, vascular disturbances and necrosis were the most commonly diagnosed canine splenic disorders, both cytopathologically and histopathologically. Kelpie crosses presented most frequently for cytopathological examination. German Shepherd Dogs were the most common breed diagnosed histopathologically with haemangiosarcoma. Although cytopathological and histopathological splenic examinations are complementary for diagnosis, this study has shown a high correlation for complete and partial agreement between the two.