bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress related disorders in students under the terrorist act
Authors: Kulygina M.A. , Semiglazova M.V. 
Published: May 2011

AimTo investigate clinical manifestations and stress reaction's dynamics in students after the terrorist attack in Moscow metro in March 2010.Methods14 cases were observed at the University counseling center (UCC) by a psychiatrist and a psychologist during 2 months after the attack. Respondents were aged 16–20 years and 9 of them were female. Complex clinical psychopathological and psychological examination was used. Psychotherapeutic interventions and medication were applied in all samples.ResultsPrevailing number of students (11, that is 78,6%) appealed for care by themselves or by reference of relatives, University staff and physicians. Another part of students - 3(21, 4%) - visited UCC during the month. Acute state of somatic and mental discomfort, anxiety, fears, obsessive reminiscence of tragic pictures were the reasons for reference to a caregiver. Sleep disturbances were the key symptom (in all the cases), somatovegetative equivalents of anxiety which were more intensive inside the metro were registered in 11 (78,6%) cases, and withdrawal behavior - in 8 (57,1%) cases. Premorbid mood fluctuations and anxiety traits were elicited in past history of the patients. State enhancement in the most of students - 10 (71,4%) - was observed in a week.ConclusionSomatic component of anxiety and its eventual context masked a personality reaction type of the students and their values and meanings reappraisal under stress conditions. Predisposition for stress reaction was connected with personal stress vulnerability and mood fluctuations’ propensity. Positive dynamics was accompanied by the brief staged psychotherapy in conjunction with general medication.
Electrodermal activity in response to a set of mental tasks in caregivers of persons with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Moya-Albiol L. , Sanchis-Calatayud M.V. , Sariñana-González P. , De Andrés-García S. , Romero-Martínez Á. , González-Bono E. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAnalysing reactivity to laboratory stressor in lab is a valid model for understanding how people act in real-life situations. Electrodermal activity is a good index of emotionality, which has not been analysed in caregivers of persons with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs).Objectives and aimsThis work aims to compare the response of electrodermal activity to mental stress between caregivers of ASDs people and controls, as the former could show a different response due to their particular situation characterised by a state of continuous alert.MethodsParents of both genders of people with (n = 44) or without (n = 42) ASDs carried out a set of different mental tasks. Skin Conductance Level (SCL) was continuously registered before, during, and after the tasks. Skin Conductance Responses (SCR) were obtained from SCL levels using Acqknowledge software.ResultsFor SCL, a significant effect of “gender” and of “period x group” and “period x group x gender” interactions was observed. SCL was higher in men than in women and in controls when compared to caregivers. Controls presented more SCL Reactivity than caregivers, being these results were replicated in men (who also showed worse recovery in controls) but not in women. In caregivers, men showed lower SCR Reactivity than women.ConclusionsCaregivers of ASDs showed a lower electrodermal reactivity to mental stress than controls, and this effect was stronger in men. These results could reflect a lower reactivity to stressful situations in caregivers and, consequently, a loss of the adaptative potential of the stress response in this population.
Level cortisol at patients under the influence of ultralow temperature in the conditions of criochamber
Authors: Onishchenko V. , Panchenko O. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe general air criothepapy - the method of short-term assignment of warmth from all surface body of the patient by a laminar stream dry air, temperature from −110 to −120 °C. Such influence is stressful for a human.AimsEstimation level changes cortisol at patients in the course of treatment in ultralow temperature in conditions criochamber.MethodsResearches have been spent with use criochamber «Zimmer Mеdizin Systeme» (Germany). In research has taken part 145 peoples. Duration of sessions influence of ultralow temperature made in the first day of 0,5 mines, then, increasing by 0,5 mines daily and reached 3,0 minute durations by 6–7 day of a course. The course crio influence made 20 sessions. Level cortisol blood was defined once a week after each 5 sessions with the analyzer «Biotec ЕL 800».ResultsLevel cortisol before carrying out criotherapy at patients averaged 436 ± 26,6 nmol/l, after carrying out 5 sessions crio influence its values have been fixed at level - 420 ± 21,05 nmol/l, after 10th session level cortisol has on the average decreased to values - 401 ± 21,05 nmol/l, after 15 sessions to - 391 ± 21,5 nmol/l. After course end crio influence the average level cortisol has made 365 ± 31,5 nmol/l that was authentic more low, than indicator reference values (р < 0,05).ConclusionsIn the course crio influence there was a gradual decrease in level cortisol that speaks about decrease in stress at these persons, and also about human body adaptation to ultralow temperature influence at such a mode to 20th session.
Stress perception and sensation seeking in portuguese police officers involved in peace keeping mission in East-Timor
Authors: Queiros C. , Melo A.P. , Marques A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionPolicing is a stressful activity. Police officers must deal with aggressive people, delinquents, and danger, or with victims and citizens asking for help. Often they don’t have enough material or human resources and they must decide under stressful conditions. In international peacekeeping missions stressful situations are even more frequent, increased also by hostile reactions of the inhabitants of the country, who sometimes refuse the presence of foreign police forces. Despite those situations, some police officers don’t feel stress and show higher sensation seeking, suggesting that personality traits protect from stress.AimsIdentify levels of stress perception and sensation seeking personality traits in a sample of police officers involved in peace keeping mission in East-Timor, included in United Nations police forces.MethodsData were collected using a translation of Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al, 1983) and Sensation Seeking Scale (Zuckerman, 1994), applied to 70 male police officers from portuguese “Guarda Nacional Republicana”, after comeback from a peace keeping mission (mean age 31.3 years).ResultsThe results reveal that sensation seeking” exists in our sample, confirming that the police officers had a tendency to search for new experiences and adventure. Low levels of emotional exhaustion and low stress perception were identified, and the sample has a high tolerance for boredom.ConclusionsPersonality traits can protect from stress and sensation seeking is typical of some activities, including policing. The knowledge of personality traits can be useful to choose individuals who must deal with stressful situations, such us peace keeping missions.
Audit on inpatient risk assessment of mentally ill patients
Authors: Jayan R. , Jawed S.H. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionRisk assessment of mentally ill in-patients is an ongoing process in stated time scale. It includes risk of self harm, aggression, violence, self neglect and exploitation and abuse by others. Accurate recording is essential for patient management.Aims and methodsThe aim was to assess the practice of risk assessment in our trust. Retrospective data of 50 consecutive admissions were collected from case notes over a period of 6 months.Results28 females (56%) and 22 males (44%) of average age 41 were included in the audit. The mean duration of admission was 55 days (range 7–270 days). 11 patients (22%) had schizophrenia and 8 patients (16%) each had a diagnosis of depressive disorder and substance misuse. The other patients had diagnoses of schizoaffective, personality disorder and bipolar illness. Four patients (8%) had no risk assessment forms filled in during the admission. Out of 46 forms completed, the time and date of assessment were not recorded in 8 (17%). Completion date was recorded in 9 forms (20%) and review was done in 11 cases (24%). 45% of forms did not have the name and signature of assessor. Suicide risk, neglect and aggression/violence were documented in most forms (90%), however only 20% cases had a further action plan.ConclusionsSignificant number of risk assessment forms lacked important information which is crucial for risk management. This data was presented to the clinical governance team and was highlighted as a priority for improvement which has been implemented in the trust.
Relationship between levels of salivary cortisol with depression and suicidal ideation
Authors: De Usabel Guzmán P. , Mota Rodríguez M.J. , Pampin Alfonso A. , Brenlla Gonzalez J.B. , Núñez M.J. , del Río Nieto M.D.C. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health problem in most of the countries because it has a high prevalence in young people. It has been studied that high levels of cortisol are associated with depression and increase of the suicidal risk.ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between cortisol levels in a population of university students and the questionnaire results for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).MethodThe sample was composed by 106 students of the Nursing School of Santiago de Compostela University. The 88.7% of the sample are women with a mean age of 21.50 + /−2.52, the 99% are unmarried. The protocol consisted in 3 sections: demographic variables, BDI questionnaire with spanish scale and determination of salivary cortisol levels. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 15.ResultsThe are higher levels of salivary cortisol in students with a greater or equal score to 13 on the BDI with statistically significances differences (p = .000). Students with suicidal ideation (item 9 of the BDI) have highest rates of cortisol, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study supports other researchs about the association between biological neuroendocrine markers and affective disorders. Explaining suicidal behavior could help us to prevent it by using early intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. They could also identify markers to establish the risk of suicide.
Suicid among Japanese university students-from the results of a 21-year survey
Authors: Uchida C. 
Published: May 2011

More than 30,000 suicides a year have occurred continuously in Japan. Suicide among university students has been a top priority for those engaged in mental health in universities. In this study, I clarified the characteristics of university students’ suicide and identified risk groups through the 21 years’ survey. I also aimed to probe background factors to help setting up preventive measures.The subject was undergraduate students at national universities in either 4 or 6 years programs, and the data were annually collected by means of a questionnaire from universities. The survey results of the 21 years from 1985 to 2005 were gathered, and I statistically analyzed the longitudinal changes in the suicide rate over this time period and the correlation between the suicide rates and sex, major, academic year, psychiatric disorders, the methods of suicide, etc. using the chi-square test and residual analysis. Altogether 735,496 students were surveyed, and 987 among them had committed suicide. Since 1996, the suicide rate has been the top cause of death. Holdover students, among whom we often find withdrawing students so-called “Hikikomori”, were a high-risk group for suicide as well as male medical students, male arts students and male dentistry students. More than eighty percent of the students who committed suicide had not been to university health centers or diagnosed by psychiatrists. For the method of suicide, hanging and taking a death-leap were frequently seen among them.A clue to prevent suicide among university students was found from these results.
Predicting suicidal ideation in community-dwelling older adults with elevated levels of distress
Authors: Walker J.G. , Batterham P.J. , Christensen H. 
Published: May 2011

Objectives/aimsIdentifying predictors of suicidal ideation in community-dwelling older adults with elevated psychological distress over two years.Methods900 adults (60–74 years) with elevated psychological distress (Kessler Distress 10 Scale; scores>15) participated in a randomized controlled trial of psychological (mental health literacy) and lifestyle-based (physical activity promotion, folate supplementation) interventions for reducing depressive symptoms. Suicidal ideation across a two-year period (five time points) was assessed using an item from the Patient Health Questionnaire.Demographics, mental and physical functioning (SF-12), and cognitive functioning (Telephone Interview Cognitive Schedule—Modified) were measured.ResultsIntervention type did not predict suicide ideation at any follow up. Those with single or multiple occurrences of suicidal ideation during the two-year period had elevated distress (Single OR = 1.06, p = .044; Multiple OR = 1.10, p = .001) and depression levels (Single OR = 1.07, p = .042; Multiple OR = 1.20, p = .001) at baseline, and more likely to be separated from their partner (Single OR = 1.81, p = .024; Multiple OR = 2.12, p = .016] than those with no ideation. Those with ideation were more likely to experience greater distress at every time point (e.g., 24 months OR = 1.18, p = .006) compared to those with no ideation. At 24 months, individuals reporting ideation were significantly more likely to have lower education levels (OR = .81, p = .015), poorer cognitive functioning (OR = .88, p = .036), and greater mental (OR = .89, p = .004) and physical (OR = .92, p = .025) disability.ConclusionElevated distress is consistently related to suicidal ideation. Individuals experiencing suicidal ideation are more likely to be separated, have lower education levels, poorer mental and physical functioning, and poorer overall cognitive functioning than those with no suicidal ideation.
Reducing psychiatric discharges to homelessness
Authors: Forchuk C. , Vann R. , Wilura E. , Hoch J. , Jeng M. , Kingston-MacClure S. , Jensen E. 
Published: May 2011

In London, Ontario, discharges from psychiatric wards to shelters or NFA occurred 194 times per year. This discovery led to the creation of a pilot project that provided immediate access to a housing advocate and changed normal policies related to housing and start-up fees for a select group of income support recipients. The intervention was successful; seven participants who received this additional assistance were still housed six months later, whereas 6 of 7 who received usual care were still homeless. The goal of the current study was to determine the strengths and areas for improvement of a method to prevent discharge from hospital to NFA and suggest improvements in preparation for wider implementation.Phase 2: intervention to all acute psychiatric patients within a general hospital.Phase 3: intervention to all patients within a specialized tertiary care psychiatric hospital. Intervention included on-ward access to a housing advocate and income support staff which was facilitated through computer linkages to housing and income databases.Findings revealed the success of the intervention across both acute and tertiary sites. All hypotheses were supported: the rate of discharge to homelessness decreased; those accessing the service were poor; and the cost savings from the program exceeded the cost of implementation. Advantages of the approach included: accessibility and convenience of services on site, positive influence on overall treatment plan and feelings of independence and support. Results reveal the positive influence a cross-sectoral approach has on preventing discharge from psychiatric wards to the streets and shelters.
Knowledge and practice of emergency nurses caring for drug seeking behavior patients
Authors: Hamdan-Mansour A.M. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundPain management is connected to use of Opioids and analgesics at the emergency care units and interfere with ability of emergency care provider to manage patient if patient identified as drug seeking. Pain has been reported as the main reason for seeking emergency care; therefore, emergency care providers have great difficulty defining or accurately predicting those patients who present with factitious complaints to obtain pain medications, and fear of additions and abuse.PurposeWas to investigate meaning and knowledge level of emergency nurses in Jordan in relation to drug seeking behaviors at the emergency units in Jordan.MethodsA descriptive-correlational study used to collect data related to drug seeking from 305 emergency nurses using self-report questionnaires.ResultsThe analysis showed that emergency nurses in Jordan have wide variation and moderate level of agreement on meaning of drug seeking. Emergency nurses also lack the knowledge and ability to detect drug seeking patients, and lack the effective interventions required to manage drug seeking if identified. Although nurse had low level of knowledge and low level of management skills, the analysis also showed that there was a positive association between level of knowledge and management skills. Also nurses ‘knowledge had negative association with nurses’ age, number of years of experience in nursing, and number of years of experience in emergency units.ConclusionThe study provoke attention to quality of pain management and interventions provided at the emergency units
Mental health care adherence in delusional disorder
Authors: Machín Vazquez-Illá M. , Pelaez Álvarez J.C. , Carrillo Gómez A. , Pereira Fernández M. , Sánchez-Espósito C.L. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDelusional disorder, also known as paranoia, is a low prevalence psychotic disorder in our environement. Usually, patients who have this disorder are very difficult to treat adequately besides its poor adherence to medical treatment, and the ineffectiveness of some therapies are well documented.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to describe clinical, socio-demographic and pharmacological variables among a large stable sample in the community, and quantify the association between these variables and mental health care adherence.MethodsHospital Clinico San Carlos Hospital covers three local health areas; the sample was taken from one of them, wich provides health care to 268,000 people, approximately.We identified 130 out-patients with delusional disorder, but only 90 of these fulfilled DSM IV criteria. We recorded socio-demographic, clinical, pharmacological and legal data from 71 medical history patients. We also included number of visits and number of times patients didn't attend to an appointment among the total in one year. We defined mental health care adherence as good, irregular, or abandoned, in relation to missed appointments.ResultsDelusional disorder incidence was 1,6 per 100,000 habitants, with a prevalence of 36 per 100,000 habitants, according to other studies results. Among all treatments, risperidone was the most prescribes neuroleptic. We found association almost significant between tratment with benzodiacepinesn and good adherence (x2 = 0,059).ConclusionsThese results give as a more realistic view of delusional disorder in our enviroment, and let us to reconsider aspects of mental health care adherence and a posible association with benzodiazepine treatment.
Validation of the neuroticism scale of the NEO-PI-R among Tunisian students
Authors: Mnif L. , Yaich S. , Ammar Y. , Masmoudi J. , Damak J. , Jaoua A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionNeuroticism is one of the five fundamental dimensions of personality based on the model of the Big Five. It is defined as the general tendency to experience unpleasant emotions such as hostile emotions, feelings of anxiety or depression.The objective of this work is to validate the Neuroticism scale of the NEO-PI-R (Costa and McCrae, 1985) among Tunisian students.MethodsNeuroticism among students was evaluated using the Neuroticism scale of the NEO-PI-R (Costa and McCrae, 1985). This scale provides an overall score of Neuroticism Lire phonétiquement Dictionnaire - Afficher le dictionnaire and also different scores for each of the six Neuroticism facets are: anxiety, depression, anger / hostility, impulsivity, social shyness and vulnerability to stress.The validation was made on a representative sample of university students (n = 500) randomly selected.The main properties studied were: acceptability, reliability (Pearson’s coefficient ‘r’), face validity and content validity (Cronbach’s alpha).ResultsThe acceptability of the questionnaire was good, less than 10% of students were unable or unwilling to complete the questionnaire. The Pearson coefficient showed good reliability for this scale r = 0.96, p < 0.05. The Cronbach’s alpha was acceptable for all items of the scale α = 0.73.ConclusionThe Neuroticism scale of the NEO-PI-R (Costa and McCrae, 1985) is valid in Tunisian students. It is now available for clinicians to measure the level of neuroticism among students.
CS01-03 - Genetics of addiction
Authors: Munafo M. 
Published: May 2011

It is well known from twin, family and adoption studies that addictive behaviours are under a degree of genetic influence, which is reflected in moderate to high heritability coefficients for these phenotypes. In the last twenty years, considerable effort has been invested in attempting to determine the molecular genetic basis of this influence, with mixed success. While early candidate gene studies for the most part failed to identify genetic variants which were reliably associated with risk of substance use, more recent genomewide association methods have begun to yield promising findings and novel insights into the mechanisms of addictive behaviours.The history of genetic studies of risk of substance use will be presented, including a brief overview of twin, family and adoption studies, and of candidate gene and linkage studies. More recent findings, in particular focusing on genomewide association studies, will be discussed in detail. Finally, emerging findings from gene x environment and intermediate phenotype studies will be highlighted. This presentation will provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the field of addiction genetics, placed in the historical context of heritability, candidate gene and linkage studies.While the study of the genetics of addictive behaviours remains in relative infancy, some compelling findings are beginning to emerge. Genetic variants which influence the metabolism of specific substances, such as alcohol and nicotine, appear to influence the intake of those substances. A number of genes which encode drug targets also appear to influence drug-taking behaviour, such as the alpha-5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, which has been robustly shown to associate with heaviness of smoking. However, the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by these variants remains small. Potential reasons for this will be discussed.