bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress is associated with migraine and migraine‐related metabolic risk in females
Authors: Bernecker C. , Ragginer C. , Fauler G. , Horejsi R. , Möller R. , Zelzer S. , Lechner A. , Wallner‐Blazek M. , Weiss S. , Fazekas F. , Bahadori B. , Truschnig‐Wilders M. , Gruber H.‐J. 
Published: April 2011

Background and purpose:  Oxidative stress is discussed to be implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. However, data are in part controversial and the possible underlying mechanisms remain elusive to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress status of female patients with migraine and its implications on migraine‐related metabolic alterations.Methods:  Oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE), carbonylated proteins, parameters of associated nitric oxide stress, inflammation, lipid‐ and glucose‐metabolism were determined in the interictal phase in female patients with migraine and controls.Results:  We found significantly increased HNE levels in female migraineurs compared with controls. Logistic regression analyses of HNE revealed an odds ratio for migraine of 4.55. HNE showed significant correlations with the nitric oxide pathway, the insulin‐ and the lipid‐metabolism.Conclusions:  We show here that increased oxidative stress is associated with migraine and contributes to migraine‐related metabolic risk like nitrosative stress, an atherogenic lipid profile and hyperinsulinemia. Our data suggest that oxidative stress may represent a key event in the pathophysiology of migraine and a suitable therapeutic target.
Hypo‐osmotic swelling modifies glutamate‐glutamine cycle in the cerebral cortex and in astrocyte cultures
Authors: Hyzinski‐García María C. , Vincent Melanie Y. , Haskew‐Layton Renée E. , Dohare Preeti , Keller, Jr. Richard W. , Mongin Alexander A. 
Published: April 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2011.07289.xAbstractIn our previous work, we found that perfusion of the rat cerebral cortex with hypo‐osmotic medium triggers massive release of the excitatory amino acid L‐glutamate but decreases extracellular levels of L‐glutamine (R. E. Haskew‐Layton et al., PLoS ONE, 3: e3543). The release of glutamate was linked to activation of volume‐regulated anion channels, whereas mechanism(s) responsible for alterations in extracellular glutamine remained unclear. When mannitol was added to the hypo‐osmotic medium to reverse reductions in osmolarity, changes in microdialysate levels of glutamine were prevented, indicating an involvement of cellular swelling. As the main source of brain glutamine is astrocytic synthesis and export, we explored the impact of hypo‐osmotic medium on glutamine synthesis and transport in rat primary astrocyte cultures. In astrocytes, a 40% reduction in medium osmolarity moderately stimulated the release of L‐[3H]glutamine by ∼twofold and produced no changes in L‐[3H]glutamine uptake. In comparison, hypo‐osmotic medium stimulated the release of glutamate (traced with D‐[3H]aspartate) by more than 20‐fold. In whole‐cell enzymatic assays, we discovered that hypo‐osmotic medium caused a 20% inhibition of astrocytic conversion of L‐[3H]glutamate into L‐[3H]glutamine by glutamine synthetase. Using an HPLC assay, we further found a 35% reduction in intracellular levels of endogenous glutamine. Overall, our findings suggest that cellular swelling (i) inhibits astrocytic glutamine synthetase activity, and (ii) reduces substrate availability for this enzyme because of the activation of volume‐regulated anion channels. These combined effects likely lead to reductions in astrocytic glutamine export in vivo and may partially explain occurrence of hyperexcitability and seizures in human hyponatremia.
Purification, Modeling, and Analysis of Botulinum Neurotoxin Subtype A5 (BoNT/A5) from Clostridium botulinum Strain A661222
Authors: Jacobson Mark J. , Lin Guangyun , Tepp William , Dupuy Jerome , Stenmark Pål , Stevens Raymond C. , Johnson Eric A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

A
Clostridium botulinum
type A strain (A661222) in our culture collection was found to produce the botulinum neurotoxin subtype A5 (BoNT/A5). Its neurotoxin gene was sequenced to determine its degree of similarity to available sequences of BoNT/A5 and the well-studied BoNT/A1. Thirty-six amino acid differences were observed between BoNT/A5 and BoNT/A1, with the predominant number being located in the heavy chain. The amino acid chain of the BoNT/A from the A661222 strain was superimposed over the crystal structure of the known structure of BoNT/A1 to assess the potential significance of these differences—specifically how they would affect antibody neutralization. The BoNT/A5 neurotoxin was purified to homogeneity and evaluated for certain properties, including specific toxicity and antibody neutralization. This study reports the first purification of BoNTA5 and describes distinct differences in properties between BoNT/A5 and BoNT/A1.
Small Acid-Soluble Proteins with Intrinsic Disorder Are Required for UV Resistance in Myxococcus xanthus Spores
Authors: Dahl John L. , Fordice Daniel 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Bacterial sporulation in Gram-positive bacteria results in
s
mall
a
cid-
s
oluble
p
roteins called SASPs that bind to DNA and prevent the damaging effects of UV radiation. Orthologs of
Bacillus subtilis
genes encoding SASPs can be found in many sporulating and nonsporulating bacteria, but they are noticeably absent from spore-forming, Gram-negative
Myxococcus xanthus
. This is despite the fact that
M. xanthus
can form UV-resistant spores. Here we report evidence that
M. xanthus
produces its own unique group of low-molecular-weight, acid-soluble proteins that facilitate UV resistance in spores. These
M. xanthus
-specific SASPs vary depending upon whether spore formation is induced by starvation inside cell aggregations of fruiting bodies or is induced artificially by glycerol induction. Molecular predictions indicate that
M. xanthus
SASPs may have some association with the cell walls of
M. xanthus
spores, which may signify a different mechanism of UV protection than that seen in Gram-positive spores.
Complete Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Strain ND02
Authors: Sun Zhihong , Chen Xia , Wang Jicheng , Zhao Wenjing , Shao Yuyu , Guo Zhuang , Zhang Xingchang , Zhou Zhemin , Sun Tiansong , Wang Lei , Meng He , Zhang Heping , Chen Wei 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
strain ND02 is a Chinese commercial dairy starter used for the manufacture of yoghurt. It was isolated from naturally fermented yak milk in Qinghai, China. Here, we report the main genome features of ND02 and several differences with two other published genomes of
Lactobacillus delbrueckii
subsp.
bulgaricus
strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus casei LC2W
Authors: Chen Chen , Ai Lianzhong , Zhou Fangfang , Wang Lei , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Guo Benheng 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus casei
LC2W, a patented probiotic strain (Z. Wu, European patent EP 1642963 B1, February 2009), has been isolated from Chinese traditional dairy products and implemented in industrial production as starter culture. Here we present the complete genome sequence of LC2W and the identification of a gene cluster implicated in the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Nitrogen-Fixing and Rhizosphere-Associated Bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain DSM4166
Authors: Yu Haiying , Yuan Menglong , Lu Wei , Yang Jian , Dai Shuxian , Li Qin , Yang Zhimin , Dong Jie , Sun Lilian , Deng Zhiping , Zhang Wei , Chen Ming , Ping Shuzhen , Han Yunlei , Zhan Yuhua , Yan Yongliang , Jin Qi , Lin Min 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACT

We present here the analysis of the whole-genome sequence of
Pseudomonas stutzeri
strain DSM4166, a diazotrophic isolate from the rhizosphere of a
Sorghum nutans
cultivar. To our knowledge, this is the second genome to be sequenced for
P. stutzeri
. The availability and analysis of the genome provide insight into the evolution of the nitrogen fixation property and identification of rhizosphere competence traits required in interactions with host plants.
Meiotic behavior in progeny of tissue culture regenerated oat plants (Avena sativa L.) carrying near-telocentric chromosomes
Authors: Johnson S. S. , Phillips R. L. , Rines H. W. 
Published: April 2011

Meiotic behavior was analyzed in 69 progeny of two regenerated oat plants (Avena sativa L.) containing different heteromorphic pairs of chromosomes to evaluate the behavior of the altered chromosomes in succeeding generations after regeneration from tissue culture. Heteromorphic bivalents separated prematurely and lagged during anaphase I in about 9% of the cells. Univalents often divided equationally during the first division, were usually not included in the telophase nuclei during the second meiotic division, and ultimately resulted in micronuclei at the quartet stage. Heteromorphic pairs were found in some progeny plants that behaved either more stably or less stably than the progenitor heteromorphic pairs. These variants may have been due to changes in the deficient chromosomes, which possibly arose from bridges during the previous meiosis. Higher than normal frequencies of bridges were seen at anaphase I in microsporocytes of plants containing heteromorphic pairs. Meiotic behavior of heteromorphic pairs involving a SAT chromosome was compared with that of the respective monosome that had been recovered in progeny of a plant carrying the heteromorphic pair. Quartet micronuclei frequencies indicated that chromosomes from the heteromorphic bivalent were included in microspores at a much higher rate than was the respective monosome. Key words: meiotic behavior, heteromorphic chromosome pair, oats, tissue culture, telocentric chromosomes, variation.
Meiotic behavior of a tiny fragment chromosome that carries a transposed centromere
Authors: Maguire Majorie P. 
Published: April 2011

A supernumerary, tiny chromosome with a transposed centromere, in an apparently normal maize background, was observed through meiotic stages from pachytene through anaphase II. Departures from normal meiotic chromosome behavior were noted for this tiny chromosome. These included failure of the usual degree of condensation at pachytene, failure of synapsis, and most strikingly the ability of sister centromeres to interact with the spindle on schedule with the normal dyads at anaphase I, so that monads were commonly distributed to the poles for telophase I and then often lagged at anaphase II. Possible significance of the unusual behavior is discussed. Key words: meiosis, fragment, centromere.
The effects of heterozygous inversions on crossing-over in Drosophila ananassae
Authors: Singh B. N. , Singh A. K. 
Published: April 2011

Crossing-over was studied in females of Drosophila ananassae under different karyotypic combinations to detect the effects of heterozygous inversions by utilizing three recessive markers of the second chromosome. Because of the presence of a subterminal inversion (2L) in the heterozygous condition, crossing-over between the cu and b genes is completely eliminated. However, 2L heterozygosity enhances the level of recombination between the b and se genes. Furthermore, two third chromosome inversions when heterozygous also exert an enhancing effect on crossing-over in the second chromosome. These results provide evidence for the existence of intra- and inter-chromosomal effects of inversions on crossing-over in D. ananassae. Key words: Drosophila ananassae, crossing-over, inversions, intrachromosomal effects, interchromosomal effects.
Is ATP a substrate for 15-lipoxygenase?
Authors: Kumarathasan Rajkumar , Leenen Frans HH 
Published: April 2011

Lipoxygenases catalyze peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids containing the 1-cis, 4-cis pentadiene structure. Linoleic (18:2), linolenic (18:3), and arachidonic (20:4) acids are the predominant substrates for this class of enzymes. Effects of 15-lipoxygenase on the hydrolysis of adenosine 5'-triphosphate were investigated in vitro using soybean lipoxygenase and adenosine 5'-[γ-32P]triphosphate. The amount of inorganic phosphate released from adenosine 5'-triphosphate was dependent upon enzyme as well as substrate concentrations, pH, and the duration of incubation. The ATPase activity with a Vmaxvalue of 3.3 μmol·mg protein-1·h-1and a Kmvalue of 5.9 mM was noted in the presence of different concentrations of ATP at pH = 7.4. Phenidone, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, had no effect on this reaction. These findings suggest that soybean lipoxygenase catalyzes the release of inorganic phosphate from ATP primarily via hydrolysis.Key words: 15-lipoxygenase, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, hydrolysis, phenidone.
In situ creep properties in ice-rich permafrost soil
Authors: Savigny K. W. , Morgenstern N. R. 
Published: April 2011

An in situ analysis of naturally occurring creep has been carried out at the proposed Canadian Arctic Gas pipeline crossing of Great Bear River in the Northwest Territories. This is the third of four papers that describe the study. The borehole inclinometer system and monitoring procedures used to determine in situ movement are described. Significant factors affecting the accuracy of the system are assessed. External factors causing movement of the inclinometer casing are also assessed and movements caused by these factors are separated from natural ground movements. The magnitude and nature of naturally occurring creep deformations are discussed. Key words: Mackenzie Valley, pipelines, slopes, permafrost, soils, geotechnical, inclinometers, creep.
Further reactions of secondary amines and arsines with fluorocycloolefins
Authors: Cullen W. R. , Dhaliwal P. S. 
Published: April 2011

The generality of the reaction [Formula: see text] has been investigated, and examples are given when M = N, X = F or Cl, Y = F, Cl, H, or As(CH3)2, and n = 1, 2, or 3; and when M = As, X = F or Cl, Y = F, Cl, H, or C2H5, and n = 1 or 2. When M = N, Y = OCH3, and X = Cl, the butenone [Formula: see text] is obtained; the corresponding reaction with (CH3)2AsH gives only a trace of a butenone. When M = N, Y = C2H5, X = Cl, and n = 1, the simple product is not obtained. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the compounds [Formula: see text] (Y = H or F) show similar features, notably a shift to high field of the Y resonance when Z is a dialkylamino group.
Aromatic aldonitrones of 2-(hydroxyamino)benzyl alcohol and their cyclic isomers. Crystal and molecular structures of a 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazine, a boron chelate, and its parent nitrone ligand
Authors: Kliegel Wolfgang , Metge Jörg , Rettig Steven J , Trotter James 
Published: April 2011

The synthesis of a series of C-aryl-N-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]nitrones, 5 (that can also exist under certain conditions as isomeric 1-hydroxy-2-aryl-1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazines, 8), via 2-(hydroxyamino)benzyl alcohol, 4, and their subsequent reactions with oxybis(diphenylborane), (Ph2B)2O, leading to the 5-(arylmethylene)-7,7-diphenyl-6,8-dioxa- 5-azonia-7-borata-5H-6,7,8,9-tetrahydrobenzocyclo- heptenes 6 are described. Crystals of 1-hydroxy-2- (4-methoxyphenyl)- 1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazine, 8b, are monoclinic, a = 9.379(2), b = 10.699(2), c = 12.9392(7) Å, β = 99.916(2)°, Z = 4 (two independent molecules), space group Pa; those of C-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-N-[(2-hydroxymethyl)phenyl]nitrone, 5c, are monoclinic, a = 7.687(1), b = 7.891(1), c = 11.5053(9) Å, β = 92.781(9)°, Z = 2, space group P21; and those of 5-[4-(dimethylamino)phenylmethylene]-7,7-diphenyl-6,8-dioxa-5-azonia-7-borata-5H-6,7,8,9- tetrahydro-benzocycloheptene, 6a, are monoclinic, a = 10.771(1), b = 13.1057(9), c = 16.8724(7) Å, β = 90.005(5)°, Z = 4, space group P21/n. The structures were solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to R(F2) = 0.120 (Rw(F2) = 0.135) for all 3149 reflections (R(F) = 0.071, Rw(F) = 0.063 for 1500 reflections with I >3 σ (I)) for 8b and R(F) = 0.035 and 0.036 (Rw(F) = 0.031 and 0.038) for 1071 and 3594 reflections with I >3 σ (I), respectively, for 5c and 6a. Compound 8b is the first structurally characterized 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazine derivative and 6a features a relatively rare seven-membered boron-containing heterocycle.Key words: C-aryl-N-[2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]nitrones, 1-hydroxy-2-aryl-1,2-dihydro-4H-3,1-benzoxazines, organoboron compounds, crystal structures
Structure of 8-[4'-(3''-nitrobenzamido) benzamido]naphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (NF-033), and molecular basis of its cellular toxicity
Authors: Camerman Arthur , Mastropaolo Donald , Nickel Peter , Hempel Andrew , Camerman Norman 
Published: April 2011

The title compound is one of a large number of compounds related to the drug suramin which have been found to have anti-HIV properties. However, its toxicity to uninfected cells is high. We crystallized the compound, determined its structure, and investigated the molecular basis for its high toxicity. The crystals are monoclinic, C2/c, a = 28.614(1), b = 10.031(0), c = 24.051(1) Å, β = 98.36(2)°, Z = 8, convergence at R = 0.066 for 4264 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The oxygen atoms of one of the sulfonate groups are disordered, as are several water molecules. Stereochemical comparisons with a segment of B-DNA have yielded a plausible explanation for the molecule's toxicity. Key words: crystal structure, cellular toxicity, stereochemistry, NF-033.
Thrombin Mutant W215A/E217A Treatment Improves Neurological Outcome and Reduces Cerebral Infarct Size in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Berny-Lang Michelle A. , Hurst Sawan , Tucker Erik I. , Pelc Leslie A. , Wang Ruikang K. , Hurn Patricia D. , Di Cera Enrico , McCarty Owen J.T. , Gruber András 
Published: April 2011

Background and Purpose—
Treatment of ischemic stroke by activation of endogenous plasminogen using tissue plasminogen activator is limited by bleeding side effects. In mice, treatment of experimental ischemic stroke with activated protein C improves outcomes; however, activated protein C also has bleeding side effects. In contrast, activation of endogenous protein C using thrombin mutant W215A/E217A (WE) is antithrombotic without hemostasis impairment in primates. Therefore, we investigated the outcome of WE-treated experimental ischemic stroke in mice.

Methods—
The middle cerebral artery was occluded with a filament for 60 minutes to induce ischemic stroke. Vehicle, recombinant WE, or tissue plasminogen activator was administered during middle cerebral artery occlusion or 2 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological performance was scored daily. Intracranial bleeding and cerebral infarct size, defined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride exclusion, were determined on autopsy. Hemostasis was evaluated using tail bleeding tests.

Results—
WE improved neurological performance scores, increased laser Doppler flowmetry-monitored post-middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion of the parietal cortex, and reduced 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride-defined cerebral infarct size versus vehicle controls. However, unlike tissue plasminogen activator, WE did not increase tail bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage.

Conclusions—
WE treatment is neuroprotective without hemostasis impairment in experimental acute ischemic stroke in mice and thus may provide an alternative to tissue plasminogen activator for stroke treatment.
Clinical and Computed Tomography Evaluation of Surgical Outcomes in Tarsal Navicular Stress Fractures
Authors: Mccormick Jeremy J. , Bray Christopher C. , Davis W. Hodges , Cohen Bruce E. , Jones Carroll P. , Anderson Robert B. 
Published: April 2011

Background As clinical suspicion increases and radiographic evaluation improves, navicular stress fractures are becoming a more recognized injury. To date, there is a small volume of literature examining these stress fractures, particularly as it pertains to outcomes of surgical management. Purpose To evaluate the clinical and computed tomography (CT) outcomes of surgically treated navicular stress fractures. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Ten navicular stress fractures in 10 patients were available for follow-up at an average of 42.4 months postoperatively (range, 16.8-79.9). These patients underwent a clinical examination and a CT scan of their operatively treated foot. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) and SF-36 scores were completed for each fracture at the time of examination. The CT scans were blindly evaluated for bony union. Results According to the CT scan evaluation, 8 of 10 navicula (80%) had gone on to union. Clinical outcome scores on all patients were an average AOFAS hindfoot score of 88.5 and an average SF-36 score of 88.3. The feet with united fractures had an average AOFAS score of 92.1 (range, 83-100) and an average SF-36 score of 91.9 (range, 79-98). The 2 patients with nonunions had AOFAS scores of 74 and 74 and SF-36 scores of 70 and 78, respectively. Both nonunions were complete, displaced fractures on preoperative imaging. Conclusion In our series of operatively treated navicular stress fractures, 80% went on to union, as verified by CT scan. Patients with united fractures had a clinically significant improvement in outcome, with higher AOFAS and SF-36 scores as compared with the 2 patients with nonunions. Patients with complete, displaced navicular stress fractures may be more likely to develop nonunions.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of Behçet's disease quality of life questionnaire
Authors: Touma Zahi , Ghandour Lilian , Sibai Abla , Puzantian Houry , Hamdan Ayad , Hamdan Omar , Menassa Jeanine , Uthman Imad , Arayssi Thurayya 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is one Behçet's disease (BD) specific self reporting questionnaire developed and published in the literature, The Leeds BD-quality of life (QoL). We conducted a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the Leeds BD-QoLMethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 41 consecutive patients attending rheumatology clinics at the American University of Beirut Medical Center between June and December 2007. The BD-QoL questionnaire, the Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaires were co-administered during the same visit, and severity scores were calculated. Cross-cultural adaptation of BD-QoL was performed using forward and backward translations of the original questionnaire. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the final version were determined. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to assess the dimensionality of the scale items. External construct validity was examined by correlating Arabic BD-QoL with the severity score, ADL and IADL.ResultsThe 30 items of the adapted Arabic BD-QoL showed a high internal consistency (KR-20 coefficient 0.89) and test-retest reliability (Spearman's test 0.91). The convergence of all 30 items suggests that the 30-item adapted Arabic BD-QoL scale is unidimensional. BD-QoL did not correlate with any of the patients' demographics. Still, it was positively correlated with patient severity score (r 0.4, p 0.02), and IADL (but not ADL).ConclusionsThis cross-cultural adaptation has produced an Arabic BD-QoL questionnaire that is now available for use in clinical settings and in research studies, among Arabic speaking patients.