bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial and management teams: What makes the difference?
Authors: Huovinen Sanna , Pasanen Mika 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe importance of teams has been largely recognized in recent management and entrepreneurship research. This article critically reviews the literature of entrepreneurial and management teams by comparing the key concepts, and the development and foci of research from the SME performance viewpoint in particular. The comparison reveals that entrepreneurial teams differ from management teams, and so the concepts should not be considered interchangeable. Such teams also operate largely in different contexts, however, both having different roles for management and a significant impact on firm performance. Moreover, the review suggests that entrepreneurial and management teams are often groups rather than teams and they are more common than previously believed, though there is much variation in their prevalence by industry sector and firm size.
Association of clinical findings with pre–radiographic and radiographic knee osteoarthritis in a population‐based study
Authors: Cibere Jolanda , Zhang Hongbin , Thorne Anona , Wong Hubert , Singer Joel , Kopec Jacek A. , Guermazi Ali , Peterfy Charles , Nicolaou Savvakis , Munk Peter L. , Esdaile John M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of pre–radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) and ROA of the knee in a symptomatic population‐based cohort, and to evaluate the clinical correlates of pre‐ROA and ROA.MethodsSubjects ages 40–79 years with knee pain were recruited as a random population sample and classified using magnetic resonance cartilage (MRC) scores (range 0–4) and Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) scale grades (range 0–4) as no OA (MRC score <2, K/L grade <2), pre‐ROA (MRC score ≥2, K/L grade <2), and ROA (MRC score ≥2, K/L grade ≥2). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of clinical variables with cartilage defects, comparing subjects with any cartilage defects (pre‐ROA/ROA) with those without, and to determine associations with individual OA subgroups.ResultsOf 255 symptomatic subjects, no OA, pre‐ROA, and ROA were seen in 13%, 49%, and 38%, respectively. The prevalence of pre‐ROA/ROA compared with no OA was associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 2.89, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.59–5.26), sports activity (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.07–1.70), abnormal gait (OR 10.86, 95% CI 1.46–1,388.4), effusion (OR 16.58, 95% CI 2.22–2,120.5), and flexion contracture (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.50–3.73). The prevalence of ROA versus no OA was significantly associated with age, body mass index, pain frequency, pain duration, severe knee injury, sports activity, gait, effusion, bony swelling, crepitus, flexion contracture, and flexion. The prevalence of pre‐ROA versus no OA was increased with age, sports activity, effusion, and flexion contracture, and reduced with valgus malalignment.ConclusionCartilage defects were highly prevalent in this symptomatic population‐based cohort, with 49% of subjects having pre‐ROA and 38% having ROA. Prevalent cartilage defects were significantly associated with age, sports activity, abnormal gait, effusion, and flexion contracture.
Crystal structure, anti‐fungal activity and phytotoxicity of diorganotin compounds of dihalo‐substituted [(2‐hydroxyphenyl) methylideneamino]thiourea
Authors: Sarkar Bipasa , Choudhury Apurba Kumar , Roy Abhijit , Biesemans Monique , Willem Rudolph , Ng Seik Weng , Tiekink Edward R.T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeven new diorganotin (IV) compounds (1–7) of Schiff bases derived from dihalo‐substituted salicylaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide were synthesized. The general formulae for the compounds are {R2Sn[OArCHNNC(NH2)S]}, where R = Me, n‐Bu, Ph and Bz, and Ar = ‐C6H2(3‐Br‐, 5‐Cl) or ‐C6H2(3,5‐Br2), and these were characterized by UV–vis, IR and NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Five structures were also investigated by X‐ray crystallography. All molecules are mononuclear, five‐coordinate with a tridentate ligand coordinating the tin atom through the thiolate‐S, phenoxide‐O and imino‐N atoms. The coordination geometries for the n‐butyl compounds approach square pyramidal arrangements with distortions towards trigonal pyramidal occurring for the di‐methyl and di‐phenyl compounds which display wider CSnC angles. The potential of the new compounds against six fungal pathogens (Bipolaris sorokiniana, Helminthosporium oryzae, Altreneria brassicae, Alterneria kikuchiana, Stemphylium pori and Colletotrichum capsici) were investigated for six different crops (Triticum aestivum, Oryzae sativa, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea, Allium cepa and Capcicum annum) and demonstrated significant activity. None of the investigated compounds displayed adverse phytotoxicity at concentrations as high as 100 ppm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of heat integration in hydrocracking process
Authors: Goodarzvand‐Chegini Fatemeh , Farkhondehkavaki Masoumeh , Gougol Mahdi 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTPinch technology has now developed into a powerful tool for heat integration of petroleum refining processes. Each process within the refinery has its own constraints against pinch analysis. In order to overcome these constraints, many applications and their solutions have been presented, such as decomposition policy and pressure drop considerations. These studies show that pinch analysis will only be suitable within the known limitations. In traditional refineries, the hydrocracking process is considered important due to the high pressures. The process converts gas oil feedstock into kerosene, diesel fuel and high‐quality gasoline. In this paper, we have focused on the retrofitting of a typical hydrocracking process at Tehran South Refinery (Chevron License) operating at 130–180 atm with significant energy consumption. The potential and opportunities for heat integration in this process were considered. The objective of this study is to demonstrate how to apply alternative heat integration approaches, recover the maximum waste heat and maintain stable production while taking into account the operational constraints and plant equipment limitations. In this survey, several projects were identified which resulted in $ 870 000 annual saving in energy costs. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alignment of a nematic liquid crystal on nano‐grooved material
Authors: Gwag Jin Seog , Yi Jonghoon , Kwon Jin Hyuk , Yoneya Makoto , Yokoyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate the alignment characteristics of a nematic liquid crystal on the surface of a nanoimprinted material that is a functionally graduated composite suitable for the alignment of a liquid crystal on a groove surface processed by nanoimprinting lithography. With the electro‐optic characteristics shown in twisted nematic and in‐plane switching modes, the potential liquid crystal applications are examined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of aging on the thermomechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Niaounakis Michael , Kontou Evangelia , Xanthis Menelaos 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, we examined the role of environmental parameters and physical structure in the aging process of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The role of heating history on the aging behavior of the material was also investigated. PLA samples with a D‐content of 4.25% were exposed to a relative humidity of 80% at three different temperatures, 20, 40, and 50°C (below the glass‐transition temperature of the material), at various aging periods of 30, 60, 80, 100, and 130 days. Selected samples were subjected to two consecutive heating runs. The stability of PLA was monitored by a number of techniques, including size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile measurements. The initial thermal processing (150°C) of the material resulted in an overall molecular weight reduction. A substantial lowering of properties was observed for PLA samples aged at 20°C for 30 days. No further loss of properties was observed for samples aged up to 40°C for several time intervals. A major portion (80–90%) of the induced changes in the tensile properties could be reversed after drying. At 50°C and 100 days of aging, a sharp decrease in the overall properties was noticed. The results seem to confirm the earlier finding that PLA degradation driven by hydrolysis needs a higher temperature (>50°C) in combination with ample time to take place. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Melt‐rheological behavior of high‐solid cement‐in‐polymer dispersions
Authors: Hojczyk Markus , Weichold Oliver 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe rheological behavior of a series of poly(ethylene oxide) melts containing nonhydrated cement is investigated using stress‐sweep measurements. The influence of the polymer end‐group—diol, monomethyl ether, and dimethyl ether—, molecular weight, and the particle volume fraction is examined. The data suggests that monomethyl ethers adsorb with their single OH group head‐on on the cement surface, which reduces the interparticle friction and the viscosity, but mixtures based on monomethyl ethers exhibit shear‐thickening behavior. The diols cause the formation of hydrogen‐bonded particle networks leading to high viscosities, but these mixtures exhibit shear‐thinning behavior due to the collapse of the network upon shearing. On increasing the particle volume fraction, the samples feature a nonlinear increase in viscosity. Fitting these data indicated that the maximum particle volume fraction is close to the random packing density of spheres and decreases with decreasing shear stress. As coating for glass rovings, the mixtures match the reinforcing performance of solvent‐based systems despite lower cement content. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Miniemulsion copolymerizations of styrene and reactive alkyl methacrylate costabilizers
Authors: Kusdianto C.T. Lin , Yu F.E. , Chern C.S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMiniemulsion copolymerizations of styrene (ST) and stearyl methacrylate (SMA) or lauryl methacrylate (LMA) were investigated. Miniemulsions comprising ST and various levels of SMA showed very good storage stability against the diffusional degradation of monomer droplets (Ostwald ripening), whereas miniemulsions comprising ST and various levels of LMA exhibited significant Ostwald ripening. In subsequent miniemulsion copolymerizations of ST and SMA, particle nucleation occurring in the continuous aqueous phase (homogeneous nucleation) plays an important role in the particle formation process in addition to monomer droplet nucleation. The final overall conversion and the individual conversions of ST and SMA all decrease with increasing SMA concentration. Furthermore, at a particular reaction time, the individual conversion of SMA is always greater than that of ST. Monomer droplet nucleation was retarded severely for the monomer pair ST/LMA, presumably due to the very strong Ostwald ripening effect. As a result, relatively slow rates of copolymerization of ST and LMA were attained compared with the ST/SMA counterpart. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Detection of low levels of long‐chain branching in polydisperse polyethylene materials
Authors: Karjala Teresa P. , Sammler Robert L. , Mangnus Marc A. , Hazlitt Lonnie G. , Johnson Mark S. , Wang Jian , Hagen Charles M. , Huang Joseph W. L. , Reichek Kenneth N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCreep experiments have been applied to probe the zero‐shear viscosity, η0, of polyethylene chains directly and precisely in a constant‐stress rheometer at 190°C. Such experiments, when combined with precise measurements of the weight‐average molecular weight,Mw, calibrated relative to linear chains of high‐density polyethylene, are shown to provide a very sensitive approach to detect low levels (0.005 branches per 1000 carbons) of long‐chain branching (LCB). This detection limit is shown to be insensitive to whether the molecular weight distribution (MWD) breadth,Mw/Mn, rises from about two to ten. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Tailoring the polymeric nanoparticles for rubber reinforcement
Authors: Lin Chenchy J. , Wang Xiaorong 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolymeric nanoparticles with brush‐like polydiene as the shell and crosslinked polystyrene as the core are synthesized using anionic polymerization via a self‐assembly process of macromolecules in solutions. The microstructures of nanoparticles were designed to match those of the matrix polymer used for tire compounds. Desirable compound properties were obtained by tailoring the shell sizes of the nanoparticles. Depending on the core/shell structures of the nanopartilces, the addition of the nanosized particles may impart the compound ultimate physical properties. Well reinforced compounds with enhanced dynamical storage modulus (G′) without increasing their dependences on temperature and deformation strain can be obtained by the addition of the nanoparticle with lengthened shell chains. Improved tensile mechanical properties without increasing high‐temperature hysteresis were also attained by such reinforcement. Passenger and truck tire applications can be advantageously benefited from these properties with improved tire handling and cornering consistence without increasing the rolling resistance and the sacrifices of other performances. A miscibility study was conducted on various binary blends of nanoparticle and rubber matrix. The compatibility between the nanoparticle and the matrix rubber along with the core concentration were demonstrated to be responsible for the observed improved compound properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Poly(amidoamine) dendritic structures, bearing different end groups, as adhesion promoters for urea–formaldehyde wood adhesive system
Authors: Essawy Hisham A. , Mohamed Heba A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of core‐shell poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendritic compounds bearing different end groups such as OH, NH2, and NH3+−Cl up to the third generation were prepared via successive Michael addition of a nucleophilic core (ethylenediamine) to methylacrylate followed by amination steps using ethylenediamine for the amine‐terminated while ethanolamine for the hydroxyl‐terminated compounds, also the protonated ammonium salt terminated form was obtained by cationization of the amine‐terminated form using hydrochloric acid solution. The Surface activity and aggregation behavior of the corresponding aqueous solutions of the prepared generations with their different end groups were studied and confirmed by surface tension measurements using ring method technique. The prepared dendrimers showed high surface activity and the measurements revealed their ability to self aggregate in water at very low concentrations, critical aggregation concentrations (CACs). The CACs were found to decrease with increasing the generation number, which implies that molecular weight and structure play important rules in controlling the surface activity and CAC. The dendritic compounds proved to be effective as adhesion promoters for urea formaldehyde (UF) resins when applied as wood adhesive systems, which was ascribed in partial to the improved wetting over the substrate, a role that is fundamentally related to the huge number of function groups present at the interface. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Enhanced transdermal delivery of 5‐aminolevulinic acid and a dipeptide by iontophoresis
Authors: Krishnan Gayathri , Roberts Michael S. , Grice Jeffrey , Anissimov Yuri G. , Benson Heather A. E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPoor skin permeability limits the application of peptides to the skin. Enhanced skin permeation could facilitate the development of new therapies for dermatologic and cosmeceutical applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the application of iontophoresis to the delivery of small peptide model compounds (5‐aminolevulinic acid andL‐alanine‐L‐tryptophan) across human skin. Under the conditions tested, iontophoresis increased the in vitro permeability coefficient of ALA.HCl across human epidermis from 7 × 10−5cm/h with passive diffusion to 110 × 10−5cm/h with iontophoresis.D‐Glucose permeation elucidated the iontophoretic electrotransport of ALA.HCl to have contributions of both electrorepulsion and electroosmosis. TheL‐alanine‐L‐tryptophan permeability coefficient was increased from 1.5 × 10−5cm/h to 35 × 10−5cm/h with iontophoretic application. Iontophoretic delivery of the dipeptide increased markedly at lower pH because of an increase in electrorepulsive transport. The study demonstrates that iontophoresis can enhance epidermal permeation of a small peptide and peptide‐like drug by up to 15‐ and 22‐fold under the conditions tested. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 166–171, 2011.
Novel 3‐Carboxy‐ and 3‐Phosphonopyrazoline Amino Acids as Potent and Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization
Authors: Conti Paola , Pinto Andrea , Tamborini Lucia , Madsen Ulf , Nielsen Birgitte , Bräuner‐Osborne Hans , Hansen Kasper B. , Landucci Elisa , Pellegrini‐Giampietro Domenico E. , De Sarro Giovambattista , Donato Di Paola Eugenio , De Micheli Carlo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe design and synthesis of new N1‐substituted 3‐carboxy‐ and 3‐phosphonopyrazoline and pyrazole amino acids that target the glutamate binding site of NMDA receptors are described. An analysis of the stereochemical requirements for high‐affinity interaction with these receptors was performed. We identified two highly potent and selective competitive NMDA receptor antagonists, (5S,αR)‐1and (5S,αR)‐4, which exhibit good in vitro neuroprotective activity and in vivo anticonvulsant activity by i.p. administration, suggesting that these molecules may have potential use as therapeutic agents.
Characterization of ZnO nanorods grown on Si substrates coated with NiCl2
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhuang Huizhao , Li Junlin , Xu Peng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractZnO nanorods were synthesized on NiCl2‐coated Si substrates via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The as‐fabricated nanorods with diameters ranging from 150 nm to 200 nm and lengths up to several tens of micrometers grew preferentially arranged along [0001] direction, perpendicular to the (0002) plane. The clear lattice fringes in HRTEM image demonstrated the growth of good quality hexagonal single‐crystalline ZnO. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra illustrated that the ZnO nanorods exhibit strong UV emission peak and green emission peak, peak centers located at 388 nm and 506 nm. A possible growth mechanism based on the study of our X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy and PL spectroscopy was proposed, emphasizing the effect of NiCl2 solution (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stent migration to the ileum—A potentially lethal complication after montgomery salivary bypass tube placement for hypopharyngeal stenosis after laryngectomy
Authors: Bitter Thomas , Pantel Mira , Dittmar Yves , Guntinas‐Lichius Orlando , Wittekindt Claus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundMontgomery salivary bypass tubes (MSBTs) have been used for decades in the treatment of stenoses and fistulae of the hypopharynx and the cervical esophagus. Generally, MSBT use is not associated with serious complications. Only a small number of cases with severe MSBT‐associated complications have been reported in the literature.Methods and ResultsWe report for the first time an MSBT migration to the ileum in a laryngectomized patient who underwent surgical pharyngocutaneous fistula closure with MSBT placement. The MSBT was removed surgically via laparotomy. The patient died 15 days later due to sepsis associated with peritonitis.ConclusionTo avoid potentially lethal complications associated with MSBT migration into the intestinal tract, we recommend secure fixation of the MSBT to a nasogastric tube. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Correlation of the expression of human kallikrein‐related peptidases 4 and 7 with the prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Hong , Dong Ying , Quan Jingjing , Smith Robert , Lam Alfred , Weinstein Stephen , Clements Judith , Johnson Newell W. , Gao Jin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundVery few articles have been written about the expression of kallikreins (KLK4 and KLK7) in oral cancers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine and report on their prognostic potential.MethodsEighty archival blocks of primary oral cancers were sectioned and stained for KLK4 and KLK7 by immunohistochemistry. The percentage and the intensity of malignant keratinocyte staining were correlated with patient survival using Cox regression analysis.ResultsBoth kallikreins were expressed strongly in the majority of tumor cells in 68 of 80 cases: these were mostly moderately or poorly differentiated neoplasms. Staining was particularly intense at the infiltrating front. Patients with intense staining had significantly shorter overall survival (p < .05).ConclusionThis is the first observation on the patient survival influenced by kallikrein expression in oral carcinoma. The findings are consistent with those for carcinomas at other sites, in particular the prostate and ovary. KLK4 and/or KLK7 immunohistochemistry seems to have diagnostic and prognostic potential in this disease. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Supramolecular Bioconjugates for Protein and Small Drug Delivery
Authors: Salmaso Stefano , Bersani Sara , Scomparin Anna , Mastrotto Francesca , Caliceti Paolo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSupramolecular conjugation techniques have been developed to produce novel nanosized systems by assembling materials with diverse physicochemical and biological features. These techniques have been adapted to obtain innovative bioconjugates to deliver drugs with poor biopharmaceutical properties and nano‐devices with potential “theranostic” activity. Supramolecular drug delivery systems include polymer therapeutics such as drug–polymer bioconjugates, and colloidal carriers such as micelles, liposomes, polyplexes, and organic and inorganic nanoparticles. By virtue of their wide array of chemical composition and properties, polymers represent key elements for the construction of novel supramoelcular formulations.Polymer bioconjugation is a fledged technique for fabrication of protein–polymer conjugates. PEGylation, in particular, produces derivatives with enhanced pharmacokinetic, immunological, and stability properties as compared to the parent protein. Over the years, new methods have been set up to obtain site‐directed polymer conjugation. In this review we report few grafting to and growing from PEGylation examples for the preparation of therapeutically effective protein bioconjugates.Supramolecular formulations with unique properties can be also obtained by assembling functional polymers, targeting agents, physicochemical modifiers, and biomodulators. These systems may be designed for disease tissue disposition and cell recognition/penetration. Cyclodextrins, for example, have been functionalized with polyethylene glycol and folic acid to produce tumor‐targeted drug carriers. Interesting results have been obtained with this novel class of drug delivery systems. In addition, responsive polymers have been conjugated to gold nanoparticles to endow a new colloidal platform with triggerable cell disposition properties, which can be exploited either in biomedicine or diagnosis.