bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BINOCULAR VISION IN MONOCULAR APHAKIA CORRECTIBLE BY CONTACT LENSES
Authors: VANNAS S. , VANNAS A. , BLOMSTER R. , VALTONEN J. 
Published: May 2009

The material consisted of 32 patients with monocular aphakia, 22 of which were of traumatic and 10 of a non‐traumatic origin. Early cataract extraction and the fitting of contact lenses, as well as a symmetrical central positioning, were regarded as favourable for binocular vision. The small types of lenticular lenses with modified contour construction (“A‐Linssi”) were used the most, but especially for children Griffin's Bionite soft lenses were necessary.Orthoptic treatment was helpful in achieving binocular vision. Manifest strabismus occurred when the delay in the fitting of contact lenses was more than 6 months. Surgery and orthoptic, respectively pleoptic, treatment may be of benefit even in these cases.The delay in cataract extraction and the fitting of contact lenses was the most damaging for children. Since relapses occur more easily in children than in adults, they must remain under close observation.
HYPOTHYROIDISM IN PROGRESSIVE OPHTHALMOPATHY OF GRAVES‘ DISEASE
Authors: ALMQVIST SVEN , ALGVERE PEEP 
Published: May 2009

Thirty patients with Graves' disease and progressive ophthalmopathy which required pterional orbital decompression were followed from 1964 to 1971 regarding their general health, and thyroid and eye functions. Twenty patients developed progressive ophthalmopathy after radio‐iodine treatment, 9 after subtotal thyroid resection and 1 during neomercazole treatment.Twenty‐five of 30 patients had documented hypothyroidism after the treatment of their basic disorder. In every case, the ophthalmopathy started or became progressive during the period of hypothyroidism. A remarkably acute onset of ophthalmopathy was reported in nine cases within four weeks of antithyroid therapy. Another nine patients developed slight hypothyroidism but displayed an ophthalmopathy one year or more after the basic treatment. Five patients without documented hypothyroidism developed progressive ophthalmopathy two months to 2.5 years after therapy.Seven patients had recurrent Graves' disease, and in five of these a deterioration of ophthalmopathy occurred during the recurrent episodes. The hypothyroidism developing after treatment of the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease seems to be a major pathogenic factor in progressive ophthalmopathy.
CHANGES IN AXIAL LENGTH AND OTHER DIMENSIONS OF THE EYEBALL WITH INCREASING AGE
Authors: LEIGHTON D. A. , TOMLINSON A. 
Published: May 2009

A significant reduction in axial length of the eyeball with increasing age was found when one essentially normal eye of each of 72 persons was studied (p < 0.01). In 53 of these subjects, the horizontal diameter of the cornea also became less with increasing age (p < 0.01). Lens thickness became greater and anterior chamber depth less (p < 0.001 each). “Against‐the‐rule”, rather than “with‐the‐rule” corneal astigmatism was found in old age (p < 0.001).It is suggested that such a reduction in size of cornea and of the whole eyeball with increasing age would contribute to the shallowness of the anterior chamber in old age and in angle‐closure glaucoma.A reduction in the total circumference of the trabecular meshwork available for the escape of aqueous and also a diminution in calibre of the scleral openings concerned in uveo‐scleral bulk flow would also result from a reduction in size of cornea and sclera.
LAMELLAR KERATECTOMY BY THE METHOD OF GUNDERSEN
Authors: HVIDBERG‐HANSEN J. , MØLLER P. M. 
Published: May 2009

Keratectomy followed by conjunctival keratoplasty is described in several modifications of the method used originally by Gundersen.Of 60 patients, 44 were seen at follow‐up. The great majority were satisfied with the operation which is distinguished, in particular, by promptly relieving pain.
SIDE‐EFFECTS OF VITAL STAINING WITH TETRAZOLIUM‐ALCIAN BLUE
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

Vital staining of cornea and conjunctiva with a mixture of tetrazolium and alcian blue effected a permanent green colouring of connective tissue or precipitation of red crystals in 0.6 %> of 1,828 eyes. This colouring subsided in the course of weeks or months.Tattooing can be avoided by omitting vital staining with tetrazolium‐alcian blue in eyes with connective tissue left uncovered by epithelium (from corrosion or deep keratitis, or resulting immediately after removal of sutures or during operation).
HEREDITARY CENTRAL RETINAL ANGIOPATHY
Authors: EHLERS NIELS , JENSEN VIGGO A. 
Published: May 2009

A family, with three members affected by a central retinal angiopathy, is reported. The fundus changes consisted of tortuous arterioles, ectatic capillaries, microaneurysms, small retinal haemorrhages and tiny white dots. The changes were demonstrated by colour fluorescein angiography. The retinal changes simulate those described in hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasia (Rendu‐Osler‐Weber's disease) and in familial retinal arteriolar tortuosity, both showing dominant inheritance.Although none of the three patients had other stigmata of hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasia, it is proposed to consider the presently reported cases, as well as those reported under the diagnosis of familial arteriolar tortuosity, as a localized manifestation of a disorder which in other families may give the clinical picture of Rendu‐Osler‐Weber's disease.
ON THE OSCILLATORY POTENTIALS OF THE HUMAN ELECTRORETINOGRAM IN LIGHT AND DARK ADAPTATION
Authors: WACHTMEISTER L. 
Published: May 2009

The effect of adaptation to short flashes of light on the oscillatory potentials and the slow potentials (a‐ and b‐wave) of the human ERG as well as the effect on adaptometric visual threshold in response to a series of three flashes were studied. The total energy and the dominant frequency of the oscillatory potentials in response to the third (stimulus) flash were calculated by a combined impulse response and Fourier analysis when the interval between the flashes changed and the intensity of the first two (conditioning) flashes varied.When recorded in response to flashes given at long intervals or conditioning flashes of low intensity the visual threshold recovered to the scotopic branch of the dark adaptation curve and the oscillatory potentials showed a low energy and high frequency (around 150 Hz). On adaptation to flashes at shorter intervals and more intense conditioning flashes [above the threshold for the appearance of the photopic b‐wave in response to the second (conditioning) flash], resulting in the recovery of the visual threshold to the photopic branch of the dark adaptation curve, there was an increment of energy and the frequency changed to 105–110 Hz. The slow potentials (a‐ and b‐wave) and the oscillations were differently affected by adaptation to light by previous flashes. The oscillatory potentials showed a 10‐fold gain in energy, whereas the amplitudes of the slow potentials were slightly reduced (about 10%).The oscillatory potentials were optimally recorded in the mesopic range of dark adaption curve—at the limit between the photopic and scotopic visual sensory threshold of retinal sensitivity. Thus, one may conclude that the oscillatory potentials seem to reflect photopic activity as well as scotopic processes — probably an interaction between rod and cone activity.
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF EMG FROM M. RECTUS LATERALIS OCULI IN SUSTAINED CONTRACTIONS
Authors: KADEFORS R. , PETERSEN I. , TENGROTH B. 
Published: May 2009

EMG from skeletal muscles in sustained contractions modifies as fatigue sets in. Spectral analysis provides a sensitive tool for quantifying these changes, related to muscle fibre action potential propagation velocity.In a study of m. rectus lateralis, spectrum analysis revealed the same modifications related to fatigue as have been seen previously in skeletal muscles. The EMG changes were particularly pronounced at maximal voluntary deviation of the eye.It is concluded that the average fibre propagation velocity of the muscle concerned is affected by sustained lateral eye deviations.
GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS ON EYE DISEASES IN A SPARSELY POPULATED AREA OF NORTHERN SWEDEN
Authors: LINNER ERIK 
Published: May 2009

The influence on an eye clinic of the geographical factor of great distance was analyzed.In comparison to the number of patients living close to the eye clinic, fewer patients came to the eye clinic from remote areas. The results were similar for patients with senile cataract, glaucoma, and motility disturbances. Diabetics, on the other hand, did not show the same geographical difference. The legal requirement that an ophthalmological examination be obtained before a driver's licence will be granted in these cases was suggested as a possible explanation. The geographical barrier indicated by this study was present in spite of the fact that Social Welfare pays the patients' travel expenses, and the patients themselves pay 5–10 Swedish crowns for a visit to the hospital.
OPHTHALMOLOGIC AND GENETIC ASPECTS OF WILSON'S DISEASE
Authors: KARMA ANNI 
Published: May 2009

The study comprised two pairs of siblings with Wilson's disease and the 44 family members living in the same locality. Ophthalmologic examination as well as determination of serum copper and caeruloplasmin concentration were performed on all subjects. In the patients with Wilson's disease a liver biopsy specimen was examined by light microscopy. The last of the four cases had no physical sign of the disease. In the three symptomatic patients the finding that led to the diagnosis was the Kayser‐Fleischer ring. The asymptomatic patient had no such ring.It seems that Kayser‐Fleischer ring probably develops within the months neurologic symptoms become manifest. The copper ring disappears gradually during years of penicillamine treatment.The consanguinity of the two families was shown by a genealogical study and evidenced an autosomal recessive inheritance of the disease.
CONGENITAL HEREDITARY BILATERAL NON‐ATTACHMENT OF RETINA
Authors: PHILLIPS C. I. , LEIGHTON D. A. , FORRESTER R. M. 
Published: May 2009

A brother and sister, the only two children of non‐consanguineous parents, have bilateral microphthalmos, degenerative corneal opacities, shallow anterior chambers, and in the anterior vitreous white masses like cotton wool with some large blood vessels. Excision of the mass from the vitreous cavity of one eye showed surprisingly normally developed detached retina round a core of fibrous condensed vitreous. Otherwise the children are normal and have the normal male and female karyotype.A very similar sibship has been reported by Franceschetti (1956) ‐ a brother and sister, children of first cousins, being affected; the consanguinity of these parents supports our suggestion that a recessive inheritance explains the abnormalities in our cases. No evidence of heredity exists in the similar case described by Magnus (1927) or in the group of possibly similar cases of “retinal dysplasia” without systemic involvement described by Reese & Straatsma (1958), but our cases may well belong to the same category; also, our cases may represent examples of an extreme form of “falciform retinal folds”.
THE OPHTHALMOPLEGIC FORM OF THE GUILLAIN‐BARRE‐SYNDROME: AN IMMUNOLOGIC STUDY
Authors: BEHAN PETER O. , GESCHWIND NORMAN 
Published: May 2009

ABSTRACTThe exact pathogenesis of the ophthalmoplegic form of the Guillain‐Barre syndrome is not understood. Detailed immunologic studies in a classical case of this entity showed cell‐mediated immunity to peripheral nerve antigens but not to central myelin antigens. It is concluded thas this syndrome is a true variant of Guillain‐Barre polyneuritis and that the lesions are peripheral and not central as often postulated.
THE NORMAL ELECTRO‐OCULOGRAM (E. O. G.)
Authors: ADAMS ALISTAIR 
Published: May 2009

Electro‐oculography was performed on 120 normal subjects (240 eyes) between 10 and 69 years of age, with an even sex and age distribution. E. O. G. ratio showed a significant sex difference (P < 0.01), with females having higher E. O. G. ratios than males.There was a significant negative linear correlation between E. O. G. ratio and age in females (P < 0.01), but none in males.Close correlation in E. O. G. ratio was found between right and left eyes (P < 0.01), and 95 % of subjects showed a difference of 80 or less between right and left eyes.New normal limits of E. O. G. ratio are proposed. These are 150 to 290 for all males and for females of 50 or more years of age, and 170 to 342 for females below the age of 50 years.
EXPERIMENTAL IRIS SUTURES IN THE MONKEY
Authors: EHINGER B. , PALM E. 
Published: May 2009

Artificial iris wounds were sutured with 30 μm monofilament nylon sutures in 13 monkey eyes and studied histologically at different intervals up to 6 months.The monkey iris does not form any scars. When two wound lips are apposed by exact suturing, they join. The mechanical strength of the union is as yet unknown. The iris reacts to the operation, but not enough to preclude the procedure. There is no adverse late reaction to the suture material (30 μm monofilament nylon) for at least 6 months after the operation.
AN ANGIOGRAPHIC AND HISTOLOGIC STUDY OF THE VASCULATURE OF CHOROIDAL MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Authors: YANKO L. 
Published: May 2009

Ten cases of malignant melanoma of the choroid, examined by fluorescein angiography and routine histologic methods, are reported, and correlation between the angiographic and microscopic findings is attempted.It is suggested that the fluorescent angiographic appearances in malignant melanoma are better understood in terms of the basic vascular patterns of the tumor as revealed by histology. In assessing the earliest patterns revealed by fluorescein angiography, the initial presence of a loose vascular network and the later appearance of fluorescent dots are readily understood if the histologic arrangement of the tumor vessels is borne in mind.The presence of wall‐less tumor blood channels and secondary changes such as hyaline degeneration of the vessel wall and tumoral cells are probably responsible for the late angiographic patterns and the residual fluorescence found in these tumors.The pigment content of the tumor, hemorrhages within the tumor, the presence of subretinal fluid, and vascular damage of the overlying retina are further variables which must be considered when interpreting the pattern of fluorescein angiography in this pathological condition.
ON THE OSCILLATORY POTENTIALS OF THE HUMAN ELECTRORETINOGRAM IN LIGHT AND DARK ADAPTATION
Authors: WACHTMEISTER L. 
Published: May 2009

The thresholds and the relation to stimulus intensity of the oscillatory potentials and the slow potentials (a‐ and b‐wave) of the human ERG were studied on adaptation to a steady background of different intensities. The total energy and dominant frequency of the oscillatory potentials were calculated by a combined impulse response and Fourier analysis when different intensity of stimulus light was used on adaptation to a maximal background illumination (about 1.5 × 103 photopic cd/m2).The curve of incremental thresholds of the oscillatory potentials shows a flat range on exposure to background light below 1 cd/m2 (the level of adaptation, at which the Purkinje shift of the b‐wave occurs) before rising along a linear section. The sensitivity of the oscillatory potentials declines on adaptation to bright background illumination when the sensitivity of the cones is higher than that of the rods.The linear section of log δI (incremental threshold) vs log I (background light) does not obey the Weber‐Fechner law [log δI = K log (I + ID)] but will approach Barlow's square root formula [log δI = K log (I + ID) 1/2] and the line has a slope of 0.33. There is, as expected, no sign of saturation, i. e. rapid decrease in sensitivity of the oscillatory potentials on adaptation to the brightest background illumination used.Oscillatory potentials recorded just at threshold have a high frequency (about 160 Hz), but the frequency decreases (to around 120 Hz) with stronger stimuli on adaptation to maximal background illumination. The stimulus‐response curve appears linear in weak background illumination, but changes to a plateau at the background intensity at which the Purkinje shift of the b‐wave occurs (about 1 cd/m2). Thus prominent cone activity as such does not seem to be able to grade the oscillatory potentials.The incremental threshold curve of the oscillatory potentials was similar, to that of the a‐wave but differed from that of the b‐wave.The slow potentials (a‐ and b‐wave) act independently of the oscillatory potentials in response to stimulus of different intensities, supporting the view that the origin of the oscillatory potentials is quite separate from that of the a‐ and b‐wave.
ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION OF APPLANATION TONOMETER PRISM
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

Five Goldmann‐tonometers have been used clinically over a two‐year period. They have been exposed to continuous ultraviolet light during working hours in five sterilizers constructed by us. The distance between burner and prism base is 10 cm.The tonometer prism will last for 6 months, or about 1000 hours of effective disinfection of the prism base.
PYRUVATE AND CITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN RABBIT AQUEOUS HUMOUR DETERMINED BY AN ENZYMATIC PROCEDURE
Authors: LAURSEN A. BRUUN 
Published: May 2009

A modification of Moellering & Gruber's enzymatic‐spectrophotometric method (1966) has been employed for determining the pyruvate and citrate concentrations in rabbit aqueous humour. Aqueous humour samples from non‐fasting, female albino rabbits of Danish country breed, aged from 4 to 36 months, were found to have the following concentrations (mean ± s.d.):pyruvate (28 animals): 339 μmol/1 ± 50citrate (28 animals): 354 μtmol/1 ± 48glucose (9 animals): 6.1 mmol/1 ± 0.6, determined with a Beckmann glucose analyzer.The following concentration ratios were found in rabbit aqueous humour:pyruvate/citrate: 0.98 ± 0.18, glucose/pyruvate: 19.2 ± 2.2, and glucose/citrate: 17.3 ± 2.5.The pyruvate/citrate ratio was found to decrease with increasing age (0.05 > P > 0.02).Citrate and pyruvate determinations in the same watery pool yielded a day‐to‐day accuracy of the method expressed by coefficients of variation of 7.6% for pyruvate and 6.1% for citrate.
EIN EINFACHES HILFSMITTEL BE1 DER BEURTEILUNG VON KRÜMMUNGSANOMALIEN DER HORNHAUT
Authors: PAWELSKI W. J. 
Published: May 2009

Mittels Spaltlampenaufnahmen bei Krümmungsanomalien der Hornhaut wurde das Erscheinungsbild der Linsenvorderflache demonstriert.Es konnten drei charakteristische Formen dieses optischen Phänomens gezeigt werden, eine Abflachung, eine Konkavität und eine wellenförmige Veränderung.
BENIGN MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID II. Cytology
Authors: NORN M. S. , KRISTENSEN E. BJØRN 
Published: May 2009

Patients with ocular benign mucous membrane pemphigoid have had their conjunctival epithelium examined by means of pipette samples drawn from the conjunctival fluid for estimating the cell contents and smears from the conjunctiva.Of the 29 eyes examined, 24 showed metaplasia changing the columnar epithelium of a normal conjunctiva into squamous epithelium, with parakeratosis in 22 of these eyes. This result was achieved by analyzing three pipette samples and three smears from each eye. (Out of 88 pipette samples and 92 smears, 54 and 86, respectively, showed abnormal squamous epithelium and, in addition, 32 and 48, respectively, showed parakeratosis).Neutrophilia was noticed in a scant half of the pipette samples, an observation which bears out the hypothesis that the normal regeneration system has been destroyed in the presence of pemphigoid. The amounts secreted of both tears and mucus are reduced. The mucous thread in the inferior conjunctival fornix is rudimentary.
DOUBLE FLASH HUMAN ELECTRORETINOGRAM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE OSCILLATORY POTENTIALS AND THE EARLY PHASE OF DARK ADAPTATION: A NORMATIVE STUDY
Authors: GJÖTTERBERG MAGNUS 
Published: May 2009

The ERGs of 20 healthy humans were studied with a double‐flash technique. The interval range between flashes was 0.35–180 sec and enabled the study of photopic as well as scotopic responses. The behaviour of the a‐ and b‐waves was compared with that of the oscillatory potentials (o.p.) during the early phase of dark adaption. The amplitude of the a‐ and b‐waves was decreasing the shorter the interval between flashes, while the amplitude of the o.p. was maximal at the 30 sec interval. The first oscillatory peak behaved differently from the others.The recovery of the ERG from suppression by flashes was calculated for the a‐ and b‐waves and a linear regression line was obtained. The o.p. behaved differently. Comparison with the dark adaptation curve suggested the recovery of the a‐ and b‐wave to be linked to a photochemical process and the o.p. to a neural process.
THE PERMEABILITY OF THE RABBIT CILIARY EPITHELIUM TO HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE IN EXPERIMENTAL UVEITIS An electron microscopic study
Authors: PEDERSEN OLAV ØYVIND 
Published: May 2009

Experimental uveitis has been produced in two groups of albino rabbits by a single intravitreal injection of antigen. The animals in group I were immunized by injection of 10 mg of human serum albumin, whereas those belonging to group II received 50 mg of the same antigen. To study the blood‐aqueous barrier to proteins in the ciliary body of these eyes, horseradish peroxidase has been used as a cytochemical tracer by electron microscopy. The tracer was injected intravenously at different time intervals (1–30 min) before enucleation.In group I, in regions of inflammatory cell infiltration in the ciliary processes, peroxidase reaction product was observed in the lateral intercellular spaces of the superficial epithelium, in the internal limiting membrane, and in the posterior chamber, as evidence of breakdown of the epithelial diffusion barrier. In areas showing moderate or no inflammatory cell infiltration, the diffusion barrier to peroxidase was found intact, although the epithelium displayed marked morphological alterations.In the more heavy inflamed eyes belonging to group II, necrosis of the ciliary epithelium and thrombosis of the ciliary vessels were prominent.
THE BACTERIAL FLORA OF THE CONJUNCTIVAL ANOPHTHALMIC SOCKET IN GLASS PROSTHESIS‐CARRIERS
Authors: CHRISTENSEN J. NYBOE , FAHMY J. A. 
Published: May 2009

In 44 patients wearing uniocular glass prostheses, the bilateral conjunctival bacterial flora was studied and compared. The predominant organisms were essentially the same in both sides: Staphylococcus albus, corynebacteria followed by Staphylococcus aureus. However, the incidence of contaminant bacteria (gram‐negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria grouped together) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the socket side.Patients with inflamed sockets proved to harbour more potentially pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus, streptococci and gram‐negative bacilli) than those without inflammation (P < 0.05).The “wearing time” of the prosthesis and methods used for keeping it clean did not seem to alter the flora of the socket.