bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How forests may support psychological restoration: Modelling forest characteristics based on perceptions of forestry experts and the general public
Authors: Probst Birgit M. , Toraño Caicoya Astor , Hilmers Torben , Ramisch Kilian , Snäll Tord , Stoltz Jonathan , Grahn Patrik , Suda Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Spending time in forests benefits human well‐being, but the importance of forest characteristics on well‐being is unclear. This knowledge could help guide forest management decisions to improve outcomes for both people and nature.

The overall aim of this study was to investigate how psychological restoration, defined as psychological recovery processes in nature, may be supported by forest characteristics. We (1) investigated how perceptions of restoration (perceived restorativeness) were linked to specific forest characteristics. More specifically, we selected attributes included in nature protection legislation in Germany (beauty, diversity and uniqueness) as the basis to evaluate how forest characteristics were related to perceived restorativeness. Additionally, we (2) tested differences in the assessments of these attributes between forestry experts and people from the general public. Based on the results of the first two objectives (1, 2), we (3) predicted how forest management that affects forest characteristics may impact psychological restoration today and in the future.

We developed a perceived restorativeness model based on attributes stated in the German Nature Conservation Act and specific forest structure variables. Drawing from the literature, we included perceived naturalness as an additional key predictor for restoration. Forestry experts and participants from the general public were then asked to rate computer‐generated forest stand pictures on these attributes and restorativeness.

We found that all attributes were positively associated with perceived restorativeness, but perceived beauty was most important. Perceived uniqueness was statistically significant, but the strength of the relationship was weak. Mixed forests were rated as most beautiful, while coniferous forest stands were rated as least beautiful. The general public gave higher ratings than forestry experts on all attributes, but the pattern was similar. Based on participant ratings, forests left without management (Set‐aside), followed by forests with management aiming for resilience to climate change (Adaptation forestry), both supporting biodiversity conservation, showed the highest perceived restorativeness over the course of 100 years.

Based on our results, it could be recommendable to increase forest diversity, especially in areas with many visitors. However, more nuanced knowledge involving diverse stakeholders is needed to inform forest management decisions on landscape level.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Echocardiographic assessment of cardiovascular physiology of preterm miniature piglets supported with a pumped artificial placenta system
Authors: Kühle Henriette , Cho Steven K. S. , Charest‐Pekeski Alex J. , Chow Jessica S. M. , Lee Fu‐Tsuen , Aujla Tanroop , Saini Brahmdeep S. , Lim Jessie Mei , Darby Jack R. T. , Mroczek Dariusz , Floh Alejandro A. , McVey Mark J. , Morrison Janna L. , Seed Mike , Sun Liqun , Haller Christoph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe evaluated fetal cardiovascular physiology and mode of cardiac failure in premature miniature piglets on a pumped artificial placenta (AP) circuit.MethodsFetal pigs were cannulated via the umbilical vessels and transitioned to an AP circuit composed of a centrifugal pump and neonatal oxygenator and maintained in a fluid‐filled biobag. Echocardiographic studies were conducted to measure ventricular function, umbilical blood flow, and fluid status. In utero scans were used as control data.ResultsAP fetuses (n = 13; 102±4d gestational age [term 115d]; 616 ± 139 g [g]; survival 46.4 ± 46.8 h) were tachycardic and hypertensive with initially supraphysiologic circuit flows. Increased myocardial wall thickness was observed. Signs of fetal hydrops were present in all piglets. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) measurements increased in the left ventricle (LV) after transition to the circuit. Right ventricle (RV) and LV strain rate decreased early during AP support compared with in utero measurements but recovered toward the end of the experiment. Fetuses supported for >24 h had similar RV GLS to in utero controls and significantly higher GLS compared to piglets surviving only up to 24 h.ConclusionsFetuses on a pump‐supported AP circuit experienced an increase in afterload, and redistribution of blood flow between the AP and systemic circulations, associated with elevated end‐diastolic filling pressures. This resulted in heart failure and hydrops. These preterm fetuses were unable to tolerate the hemodynamic changes associated with connection to the current AP circuit. To better mimic the physiology of the native placenta and preserve normal fetal cardiovascular physiology, further optimization of the circuit will be required.
The relationship between preservice science teachers' perceived role modeling and self‐regulation skills in science
Authors: Karaca Melek , Bektaş Oktay , Öner Armağan Fulya , Tor Dürdane 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPreservice teachers' self‐regulation skills are key to being role models to their students in gaining this affective skill. The study aims to develop a structural equation model (SEM) that shows the relationship between preservice science teachers' perceived role modeling and self‐regulation skills. This study has been conducted using the predictive correlational design, a quantitative research method. The sample of the study consists of 242 volunteer preservice science teachers from two state universities in Türkiye. Data were collected using the Perceived Role Models Scale and the Self‐Regulation Scale for Science. The study used the SEM's model development strategy to determine whether a relationship exists between preservice science teachers' perceptions of role modeling and their self‐regulation levels regarding science and whether the relationship if any is significant or not. As a result, a model was developed that shows preservice science teachers' perceived role modeling to predict their self‐regulation skills in science significantly. This result shows role modeling to be important in developing preservice teachers' self‐regulation skills. Therefore, we have concluded that self‐regulation is an ongoing process at early ages and adulthood.
Data justice in the “twin objective” of market and risk: How discrimination is formulated in EU's AI policy
Authors: Niklas Jędrzej , Dencik Lina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBased on a focus on artificial intelligence (AI) policy in the European Union (EU), we explore the dominant approach taken to data justice in policy. More specifically, we ask how the particular issue of discrimination is translated into policy goals and measures as a way to address prominent concerns about AI. Looking at the stage of policy formulation, we provide an analysis of the way (non) discrimination is currently pursued within the EU's AI policy debate through the study of relevant policy documents and public consultations between 2017 and 2023. We argue that whilst the issue of discrimination has moved from the margins to the mainstream in policy debate, it has done so based on an understanding of discrimination as an inevitable risk of AI; such risk is specific to particular situations and the technological features of AI; the nature of this risk can be assessed and managed through a set of procedural safeguards; and such safeguards can be supported by the creation of a trustworthy AI market. Whilst this translation of justice is very important for contending with some of the critique surrounding the advancement of AI, it may also serve to contain and neutralize such critique in the interest of marketization.
Investigating the structure and properties of polyurethane hydrogels with varying soft and hard segments
Authors: Wei Hongxiu , Wang Xiaofei , Liu Wenkai , Dong Shuohong , Dai Tiancheng , Luo Feng , Li Zhen , Tan Hong , Li Jiehua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, polyurethane (PU) hydrogels were synthesized via mercapto curing reaction to elucidate the effect of molecular interactions between isocyanate and soft segments on the properties of hydrogels. Further, the mesh size, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and biological properties of the PU hydrogels were determined. In the isocyanate series, the structural regularity and rigidity of 4,4′‐dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI) favored the formation of hydrogel materials with small mesh size, high modulus, and low water absorption. In contrast, l‐lysine diisocyanate (LDI) favored the materials with large mesh size, low modulus, and good hydrophilicity. In the soft‐segment series, the strong hydrogen bonds of polycarbonate diol (PCDL) favored the formation of materials with small mesh size, dense cross‐link points, and high modulus, whereas weak hydrogen bonds of polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol (PTMG) favored the hydrogel materials with small mesh size, few crosslink points, and low modulus. PU hydrogels exhibit excellent cytocompatibility, anti‐cell adhesion, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study offers valuable insights into understanding the chain structure and macroscopic properties, thus contributing to preparing PU hydrogels with varying performances, as desired.
Transient Modeling of Permafrost Distribution From 1986 to 2016 in Mongolia
Authors: Ishikawa Mamoru , Westermann Sebastian , Jambaljav Yamkhin , Dashtseren Avirmed , Hiyama Tetsuya , Endo Nobuhiko , Etzelmüller Bernd 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe distribution of permafrost in the southernmost zones is complicated in both time and space. We assessed this complexity by applying transient heat transfer schemes to model permafrost in Mongolia between 1986 and 2016. The modeling took into account the spatial distribution of soil thermal properties and time series of ground temperature profiles observed at 69 borehole sites. Spatial modeling was forced by downscaled ERA5 air temperatures that were further debiased with local meteorological records. The results indicated that permafrost warmed by 0°C to 0.4°C/decade, most significantly in eastern and northern Hangai and at high elevations in the Altai Mountains. The extent of permafrost remained stable, but the active layer was thickened, especially after the late 1990s. Forested wet soils experienced less warming, while temperatures in soils with low organic matter and low moisture content increased by 0.5°C over the modeling period. The lower limits of mountain permafrost were estimated to be between 1320 and 2030 m a.s.l., depending on the latitude. Our permafrost map allows the delineation of a complex distribution of permafrost in Mongolia, which is strongly controlled by the spatially complex topography, landcovers, and soil wetness.
Unraveling the reasons for failure to control Amaranthus albus: insights into herbicide application at different growth stages, temperature effect, and herbicide resistance on a regional scale
Authors: Gafni Roni , Nassar Jackline Abu , Matzrafi Maor , Blank Lior , Eizenberg Hanan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigates factors contributing Amaranthus albus control failure in processing tomato fields in northern Israel. The study region is characterized by a significant climate gradient from east to west, providing the opportunity to investigate the effect of critical elements of the agricultural environment, e.g., temperature. Eight populations were collected from commercial fields in this region. Post‐emergence herbicide efficacy of metribuzin, a photosystem II inhibitor, and rimsulfuron, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, was assessed through dose–response analyses at various growth stages. Temperature effects on control efficacy and resistance mechanisms were also explored.RESULTSStandard metribuzin dose (X) was ineffective on A. albus plants with more than six true‐leaves, whereas 2X dose proved effective. Rimsulfuron at 16X dose was ineffective on plants with more than four true‐leaves. We report here the first case of target site resistance to ALS inhibitors in A. albus, due to point mutation in the ALS gene (Pro197 to Leu). Furthermore, our findings suggest potential involvement of CYT P450 enzymes in enhanced metabolizing of rimsulfuron. An overall decrease in dry weight was observed in response to both herbicides at 16/22 °C (P < 0.0001). Rimsulfuron was effective against only one population when applied at 28/34 °C. A possible fitness cost associated with target site‐resistant biotypes was observed under low temperature conditions, leading to effective control.CONCLUSIONThis regional‐scale study highlights the challenges faced by growers, emphasizes the need for adapting management practices to the local climatic conditions and lays the groundwork for implementing location‐specific weed management strategies in commercial fields. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in a Mexican military population working with animals
Authors: Ayala‐Torres Juan Ramon , Hernández‐Morales María Fernanda , Alanis‐Gallardo Valeria María , Arvizu‐Tovar Laura Olivia , Soberanis‐Ramos Orbelin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease and a challenge to global public health. There is an occupational risk, particularly in populations with direct contact with animals and in high‐humidity environments, which favors the survival of leptospires. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in military personnel working in close contact with animals in México and to describe the available preventive measures and protection levels.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from March to October 2015. Information regarding protective factors in daily activities was gathered through a self‐evaluation questionnaire. The serum samples of participants were analyzed through enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) and microscopic agglutination test.ResultsSerums were obtained from 65 active military personnel, 56 males (86.2%) and 9 females (13.8%). Out of the total, 54 (83.1%) tested positive for infection by leptospirosis, 49 were males (87.5%) and 5 were females (55.6%). The highest seroprevalence age group was in the ≥45 years group (15, 23.07%), where all tested positive. Regarding military ranks, 100% of the highest hierarchy turned out positive: Officers (4 out of 4) and Chiefs (14 out of 14); and troops resulted in a seroprevalence of 76.5%. Protection equipment available during daily chores included: Overall, 64.6% had gloves and 53.8% had boots; the reported frequency for the use of gloves was 35.3% (46/65) if worn during more than half of the workday, yet 29.2% (19/65) reported never wearing them.ConclusionsThis study makes the petition to implement protocols of continuous training regarding labor risks and having an epidemiologic surveillance program for exposed personnel indispensable to improve the health and sanitary conditions of military personnel who work in direct contact with animals.
Stream and river flows mediate adult lamprey spawning migrations: Considerations for management
Authors: Clemens Benjamin J. , Wagner C. Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOrganisms have adapted to dynamic river flows as part of the natural flow regime. However, climate change and humans' use of fresh water are associated with decreases in the quality and quantity of surface waters. In addition, river impoundments and water withdrawals for human use regulate and dampen the dynamism of flow in many rivers. These changes to the natural flow regime can impact the spawning migrations of lampreys (Petromyzontiformes). Here, our goal is to review the ecology of lamprey spawning migrations associated with river flows, with considerations for controlling invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and conserving native lampreys (including native, anadromous sea lamprey). We identify five common themes: (1) natural flow regimes provide a competitive edge to native fishes over non‐native fishes; (2) high flows (up to a threshold) attract adult lamprey and large streams attract large numbers of lamprey; (3) larval lamprey pheromones attract adult lampreys; (4) behavioral responses by adult lamprey to flow (including localized hydraulics) can inform dam passage and trapping methods; and (5) changes to rivers induced by climate change have been implicated in changing the phenology of run timing and spawning location. Controlling invasive sea lamprey and conserving native lampreys can be done with pheromones and flow management. Pheromones may be of more use under focused management efforts to control invasive sea lamprey, whereas flow management can provide a foundation for conservation of native lampreys.
Equivalent regular partitions of three‐uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Nagle Brendan , Rödl Vojtěch , Schacht Mathias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe regularity method was pioneered by Szemerédi for graphs and is an important tool in extremal combinatorics. Over the last two decades, several extensions to hypergraphs were developed which were based on seemingly different notions of quasirandom hypergraphs. We consider the regularity lemmata for three‐uniform hypergraphs of Frankl and Rödl and of Gowers, and present a new proof that the concepts behind these approaches are equivalent.
Carbon footprint and carbon balance of three long‐term dryland cropping sequences
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Allen Brett L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon footprints from plants, soil, and the environment are needed to evaluate C balance of an agroecosystem, which indicates if a system is a C source or sink for mitigating climate change. There is scarce information about C footprint and C balance in dryland agroecosystems. We measured C storage of above‐ and belowground crop biomass, CO2 fluxes, soil C sequestration rates, and C balances of three long‐term (34‐year‐old) dryland cropping sequences from 2016 to 2018 in the US northern Great Plains. Cropping sequences were no‐till continuous spring wheat (NTCW; Triticum aestivum L.), no‐till spring wheat–pea (NTWP; Pisum sativum L.), and conventional till spring wheat–fallow (CTWF). Carbon storage in grain, straw, root, and rhizodeposit were 29%–61% greater for NTCW and NTWP than CTWF. The CO2 flux peaked immediately after tillage, planting, fertilization, and intense precipitation (>10 mm) for 3 months in 2016–2017. Cumulative annual CO2 flux was 8%–37% greater for NTCW than NTWP and CTWF in 2016–2017, but was not different among cropping sequences in 2017–2018. Soil C sequestration rate at 0–10 cm measured from 2012 to 2019 was in the order: NTCW (0.27 Mg C ha−1 year−1) > NTWP > CTWF (−0.23 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Carbon balance remained negative and was not significantly different among cropping sequences but varied by year. Carbon loss increased with increased precipitation, regardless of cropping systems. Although a C source, the legume–nonlegume rotation can reduce C loss due to greater grain C output than other cropping sequences in the semiarid region of the northern Great Plains.
Towards accelerating particle‐resolved direct numerical simulation with neural operators
Authors: Atif Mohammad , López‐Marrero Vanessa , Zhang Tao , Sharfuddin Abdullah Al Muti , Yu Kwangmin , Yang Jiaqi , Yang Fan , Ladeinde Foluso , Liu Yangang , Lin Meifeng , Li Lingda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe present our ongoing work aimed at accelerating a particle‐resolved direct numerical simulation model designed to study aerosol–cloud–turbulence interactions. The dynamical model consists of two main components—a set of fluid dynamics equations for air velocity, temperature, and humidity, coupled with a set of equations for particle (i.e., cloud droplet) tracing. Rather than attempting to replace the original numerical solution method in its entirety with a machine learning (ML) method, we consider developing a hybrid approach. We exploit the potential of neural operator learning to yield fast and accurate surrogate models and, in this study, develop such surrogates for the velocity and vorticity fields. We discuss results from numerical experiments designed to assess the performance of ML architectures under consideration as well as their suitability for capturing the behavior of relevant dynamical systems.
An internet‐based cognitive behavioural intervention for adults with depression in Arabic‐speaking countries: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: El‐Haj‐Mohamad Rayan , Böttche Maria , Vöhringer Max , Specht Freya , Stammel Nadine , Nesterko Yuriy , Knaevelsrud Christine , Wagner Birgit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInternet‐based interventions have proven to be effective for the treatment of depression in different samples, but evidence from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the acceptance and efficacy of an internet‐based cognitive behavioural writing intervention for Arabic‐speaking participants with depression living in the MENA region. A total of 259 participants (167 female, age in years: M = 25.58, SD = 6.39) with depressive symptoms indicative of clinical relevance were randomly allocated to a treatment group (TG; nTG = 128) or a waitlist control group (WG; nWG = 131). The TG received an internet‐based intervention over a 6‐week period. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms, and secondary outcomes were anxiety and quality of life (QoL). T‐tests with change scores from pre‐ to post‐treatment were used for data analyses. Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) as well as completer analyses were calculated. The ITT analysis revealed significant differences between the TG and WG in depression (T257 = −4.89, p < 0.001, d = 0.70) and QoL (T257 = 3.39, p < 0.001, d = 0.47). Significant differences regarding anxiety symptoms (T257 = 3.25, p < 0.05, d = 0.53) were identified for the completer sample. The general dropout rate was 39.9%. The results indicate the feasibility and efficacy of an internet‐based cognitive behavioural writing intervention in adults from Arabic‐speaking countries. The development and implementation of such interventions can be used to improve access to psychological help and adequate treatment.