bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public –Private Partnership (PPP) and Management of Public Infrastructure in Enugu State
Authors: Chimauzom Eze Chukwukadibia 
Published: April 2024

.The study appraised the Public-PrivatePartnership and Management of Public Infrastructures in Enugu State.. To achieve the objectives, three research questions were raised while three hypotheses were formulated. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study employed secondary and primary sources of data. The collected data were analyzed through the use of mean score. T-test statistical technique was applied in testing the hypotheses. The findings revealed that public infrastructures have been managed properly through PPP in Enugu state (where value t = 65.588 and critical value = 1.99), that the concession agreement pattern improved the development of public infrastructures in Enugu state (where value t = 68. 856 and critical value = 1.99) and that Limited financial resources are some of the challenges facing the operations of the PPP in infrastructural development in Enugu state (where value t = 55.434 and critical value = 1.99). The study concluded that in Enugu State, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have showcased transformative potential in the management of public infrastructure. By leveraging on private sector expertise and investment, Enugu State has witnessed improved infrastructural development, from roads to utilities. These collaborations enhance efficiency, innovation, and timely project delivery. The study recommended that to strengthen Regulatory Frameworks: the Enugu State government should enhance its regulatory and policy environment to provide clarity and consistency offering a secure foundation for Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and encouraging private sector engagement in public infrastructure projects.
Analysis of the stages of partnership development in the franchising formats of production and trading enterprises
Authors: Филатов В.В. , Столярова А.Н. , Беспалова В.В. , Крыгина И.Е. 
Published: April 2024

В статье проведен анализ стадий развития партнерских отношений в форматах франчайзинга производственно-торговых предприятий в современных социально-экономических условиях. Рассмотрены шесть стадий развития партнерских отношений, через которые проходят все франчайзи вне зависимости от сферы бизнеса. Проанализированы факторы успеха франчайзинга. Показано, что на данный момент в России достаточное количество успешно функционирующих зарубежных компаний, которые основаны на франчайзинговых отношениях, среди них Subway, Баскин Роббинс и др. Но большинство франчайзинговых фирм функционирует в Москве и Санкт-Петербурге, что говорит о недостаточном развитии франчайзинга в регионах. Отсутствие квалифицированных специалистов в сфере франчайзинга и недостаток информации о данной системе сотрудничества тормозят процесс развития рынка и рыночных отношений. Таким образом, необходимы принятие мер по корректировке российского законодательства в сфере франчайзинга, а также проведение образовательных мероприятий среди специалистов и предпринимателей для ускорения развития франчайзинговой системы в России.
The article analyzes the stages of development of partnerships in the franchising formats of industrial and commercial enterprises in modern socio-economic conditions. Six stages of partnership development are considered, which all franchisees go through, regardless of the business area. The success factors of franchising are analyzed. It is shown that at the moment there are a sufficient number of successfully functioning foreign companies in Russia that are based on franchise relationships, among them Subway, Baskin Robbins, etc. But the majority of franchising firms operate in Moscow and St. Petersburg, which indicates the insufficient development of franchising in the regions. The lack of qualified specialists in the field of franchising and the lack of information about this system of cooperation slow down the process of market development and market relations. Thus, it is necessary to take measures to adjust Russian legislation in the field of franchising, as well as conduct educational events among specialists and entrepreneurs to accelerate the development of the franchise system in Russia.
Methodological foundations for achieving technological sovereignty by industrially developed regions
Authors: Баландин Д.А. 
Published: April 2024

В статье актуализируются задачи достижения технологического суверенитета индустриально-развитыми регионами как важнейшего направления обеспечения экономической безопасности Российской Федерации и пространственно-отраслевого развития субъектов страны. Рассмотренный методологический базис может использоваться в практике управления в качестве основы для определения необходимых инструментов и разработки организационной модели обеспечения технологического суверенитета индустриально-развитых регионов. Научной новизной исследования являются предложенные для практической реализации в государственном управлении принципы достижения технологического суверенитета индустриально-развитыми регионами. Исследование адресовано научной общественности и специалистам в сфере регионального и муниципального управления.The article actualizes the tasks of achieving technological sovereignty by industrially developed regions as the most important direction of ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation and the spatial and sectoral development of the country’s subjects. The considered methodological basis can be used in management practice as a framework for determining the necessary tools and developing an organizational model to ensure the technological sovereignty of industrialized regions. The scientific novelty of the research is the principles proposed for practical implementation in public administration for achieving technological sovereignty by industrially developed regions. The research is addressed to the scientific community and specialists in the field of regional and municipal management.
Crop Recommendation System using Machine Learning
Authors: Mrs. K. Nithiya  , Sureka. S  , Sweetha. K  
Published: April 2024

Agriculture plays a vital role in India's economy, yet Indian farmers often struggle with selecting the most suitable crops for their specific soil conditions, leading to decreased productivity. Precision agriculture offers a solution by leveraging soil data, crop yield statistics, and site-specific parameters to recommend optimal crops. This project aims to develop An intelligent system designed to assist Indian farmers in making well-informed decisions regarding crop selection, considering factors like the optimal sowing season, geographical location .and soil characteristics. Additionally, the system will provide yield predictions for the recommended crops, enhancing productivity The proposed Crop Recommendation System employs a hybrid model that considers various input parameters to suggest crops tailored to farmers' needs. Accurate yield prediction not only influences national and international economies but also plays a crucial role in food management and	security
EFFECT OF TEACHERS’ REMUNERATION ON TEACHERS’ EFFICIENCY IN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NANSANA MUNICIPALITY, WAKISO DISTRICT.
Authors: Nassolo Saidat Wamala , Wakhungu Nathan 
Published: April 2024

Background
The study aimed to establish the effect of teachers’ remuneration on teachers’ efficiency in private secondary schools in Nansana municipality, Wakiso District.
Methodology
A cross-sectional survey research design was utilized. The study involved 108 respondents namely 9 Directors, 9 head teachers, and 90 teachers randomly selected from 9 Schools. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, interview guide, and documentary analysis. Data collected was compiled, sorted, and organized in frequencies and percentages.
Results
The results were subjected to an x2 test at a 0.05% confidence interval and 6 degrees of freedom with a critical x² value at 12.59. The chi-square values obtained from the head teachers, teachers, and directors were 18.15, 14.94, and 37.51 respectively. The null hypothesis was rejected because the observed x2 values obtained were above the critical x² value at 12.59. Therefore the study findings indicated that the reward system affects teachers’ motivation.
Conclusion
It was then concluded that teachers’ motivation was subject to the existing reward system. Teacher’s remuneration is majorly determined by the interests of proprietors than based on the teachers’ ability, experience, and performance. This explains why teachers in private schools do not receive the same payments. Some private schools have better pay for their teachers and as such stand to maintain their teachers longer. Some teachers are better remunerated than others. Those who are favored have a higher motivation than those who are not.
Recommendation
Private secondary schools should improve their reward systems and the Ministry of Education should intervene to determine the minimum monthly pay to teachers so that teachers are properly rewarded on the existing cost of living, work performance, experience, and education levels.
Research on the Optimization Strategy of Facebook Employee Engagement in the Context of the VUCA Era
Authors: Ye Siya 
Published: April 2024

Employee engagement has become one of the hottest topics in recent years. In both theory and practice, it is a crucial issue for management. Numerous hypotheses have been developed over the past few decades to explain the influencing factors and outcomes of employee engagement. There are also a number of previous studies that have utilized meta-analyses on this question. This paper will explain these issues by applying a specific VUCA era and some of its characteristics (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous). It will describe improved employee engagement models for Facebook in this paper. The author compiles prior studies on employee engagement and the VUCA era and analyses the factors contributing to Facebook's low employee engagement around Facebook's CEO, Mark Zuckerberg's character flaws and management style. The studies showed that effective leadership is indispensable in times of turbulent economic environment. The CEO of Facebook is autocratic, does not communicate, constantly reprimands staff members, and prioritizes profits over all else. Due to the accumulation of these issues, Facebook experienced confusion in the VUCA era and steadily decreased employee engagement. All the preliminary results throw light on the nature of Facebook’s need to change its management model. The findings indicate that employee engagement can be improved by changing leadership styles, improving communication skills, providing development opportunities and modifying workplace culture.
Uncovering Factors and Solutions to Gender Inequity in the Workplace
Authors: Hu Ruoxi 
Published: April 2024

With differences in income, promotion, and opportunity continuing to impede progress toward workplace equality, persistent gender inequality in the workplace remains a major concern. The study examines at the complex interplay of factors that cause gender inequality, from cultural standards to organizational biases. A qualitative methodology is used to assess the data from various workplaces. The survey found significant gender differences in pay, representation in leadership roles, and access to professional development opportunities. Additionally, it shows how biases and cultural norms support the upkeep of these disparities. To address these issues, the research proposes a multifaceted approach that includes changes to the law, initiatives for diversity and inclusion, and tactics for personal empowerment. The study can improve society overall and create a more just workplace by putting these solutions into reality. This research explains the problem of gender inequality in the workplace and offers practical mitigation measures. By promoting more inclusive and egalitarian professional environments, we may foster the circumstances for a more just and progressive society.
The Relation between Sexual Orientation and Employment
Authors: Dong Ziyi 
Published: April 2024

This paper explores how sexual orientation affects employment. Some studies have shown that gay men are more likely to be hired than lesbian but some said transgenders are more likely to be discriminated in workplaces. However, in this study we want to find whether discrimination in workplace is more likely to happen in gay, lesbian, transgender or other LGBT people. To find the relation between sexual orientation and employment, we compared discrimination happened in different LGBTQ group and different discriminations happen in them. We also want to find solution to solve these problems but various factors affect the results. Conceal sexual orientation or not is one feature that impacts the results, normally people who choose to conceal their sexual orientation can better adapt the environment in workplace and they have higher probability to be promoted than those who do not conceal their sexual orientation. At the end of the article, we list some solutions from different aspects (from government, individuals, company and so on).
Article: A Change in the Law or A Guideline from the EU VAT Committee? Evaluating Soft Law Instruments for Clarifying EU VAT Law Through the Lens of Legitimacy
Authors: Geringer Stefanie 
Published: April 2024

In addition to amendments to the European Union (EU) value added tax (VAT) statutory law and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), various types of soft law have increasingly been used in recent years to elucidate the essence of EU VAT provisions. These include the guidelines issued by the EU VAT Committee which is a body explicitly enshrined in the EU VAT Directive. This article is aimed at discussing the significance of the EU VAT Committee guidelines from a legitimacy perspective. It will be demonstrated that they do not correspond to the ideals of inclusive governance that have long been advocated at the Union level and thus generally show deficits in input legitimacy. Some recent examples relating to the amended special scheme for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) will be utilized to argue that the EU VAT Committee guidelines can only be considered to have a certain level of output legitimacy. They can thus be useful as a legal opinion that national authorities and courts should take into account when interpreting and applying EU VAT law. However, they must therefore comply with the mandate of the EU legislature enshrined in Article 398 paragraph 4 of the EU VAT Directive.
Value added tax (VAT), EU VAT law, EU VAT Committee, soft law, legitimacy, rule of law, interpretation of law, SME scheme, Amending Directive (EU) 2020/285
Article: Digital Services Tax: Analytical View of Challenges and Successes in Kenya and the United Kingdom
Authors: Mponwana Kgomotso , Ndlovu Jane 
Published: April 2024

The rapid expansion of digital services is dramatically reshaping the panorama of global taxation. This transformation is notably impacting multinational enterprises (MNEs) that operate in countries where they lack a physical presence. In this study, the authors focus the attention on the implications of digital services offered by these non-resident MNEs operating in the Republic of Kenya and the United Kingdom and representing developing and developed economies, respectively.
The article delves into how the burgeoning digital economy challenges international tax laws by scrutinizing the implementation of the digital service tax (24DST) and highlighting the weaknesses of the two-pillar plan in comprehensively addressing the digitalization of the economy. It also broadens the comprehension of the unique obstacles and potential opportunities inherent in the digital economy from an international taxation perspective.
The significance of this research lies in its potential to inform tax policy in an increasingly digitalized global economy. Policymakers can develop strategies that are more effective in ensuring fair taxation practices by understanding the nuanced interactions between digital services and international tax regulations. Additionally, MNEs can use this research to better navigate the complex tax implications of their digital services in various economic contexts and thereby foster sustainable and ethical business practices.
Digital economy, digital service tax (DST), Kenya, multinational enterprises (MNEs), organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD), pillar one and pillar two, taxation, tax base, unilateral tax measure, United Kingdom (UK).
The Recent Development On The Discipline Of Services Domestic Regulation And The Debate On The Necessity Test: From The Perspective Of The CPTPP, RCEP, And SDR Reference Paper
Authors: Yan Yuhong 
Published: April 2024

The discipline of services domestic regulation (“SDR discipline”), with a view to ensuring progressive liberalization of trade in services while also respecting the national regulatory prerogatives at the same time, addresses issues concerning the formulation, publication, and administration of SDR, and the authorization for the supply of a service. In addition to Article VI General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), an increasing number of international trade agreements has developed the SDR discipline with GATS-plus or GATS-extra characteristics, which helps enhance the transparency and regulatory quality of SDR, promote trade facilitation and increase the predictability and efficiency of authorization procedures for the services providers hoping to do business in foreign markets. This paper investigates the negotiating history of the SDR discipline at the multilateral, plurilateral, and regional levels, explores the evolving trends of the SDR discipline from the perspective of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and the Reference Paper on SDR, and addresses the debate on the necessity test surrounding the SDR discipline negotiation.
services domestic regulation, necessity test, transparency, trade facilitation, predictability of authorization, gender equality
The Context Of Text: Harmonizing Multilingual Texts Of The WTO
Authors: Meena Rishabha , Rao Advaith 
Published: April 2024

Legal traditions of international institutions reflect how language shapes the interaction of individuals from various legal disciplines. Institutions like the European Union (EU), United Nations (UN) and World Trade Organization (WTO) cater to multilingualism by publishing different linguistic versions of their texts. These organizations have their own divisions to promote multilingualism – it is the General Assembly and Conference Management for the UN; the Directorate-General for Translation (DGT) in the EU; and the Language and Documentation Services Division (LDSD) for the WTO. In the context of the WTO, coordination among different language groups in drafting WTO documents appears to be lacking.
In addition to creating hurdles in substantive law, issues of multilingualism at the WTO also affect the procedural aspects of the dispute. This may have implications on third-party rights, selection of panellists, and timely resolution of disputes, thereby influencing a party’s strategy in a dispute. Against this background, the authors explore the issue of multilingualism at the WTO vis-à-vis the UN and EU by adopting a comparative research methodology. The Article provides recommendations in the form of best practices for improvements at the WTO in the context of multilingualism.
WTO, multilingualism, VCLT, translation, DSU, European Union, United Nations, Spanish, French, language
From Confrontation To Coexistence: An Appeal Opt-Out Arrangement As An Inclusive Approach To Revive The WTO Dispute Settlement System?
Authors: Ji Wenhua 
Published: April 2024

Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on the dispute settlement system have entered a new phase, focusing on facilitator-organized meetings and proposals from Members. The reform negotiations have made some progress, but still face a number of significant challenges, in particular with regard to the appellate procedures. It is highly uncertain whether a comprehensive solution can be reached by 2024 as mandated by the MC12. Taking into account the different positions of Members and the imminent approach of the Thirteenth Ministerial Conference (MC13), this paper recommends that Members show more pragmatism and flexibility, puts forward a compromise proposal to establish a multilateral arrangement that would allow Members to opt out of the appellate review process under the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes ( DSU), and argues that this could be conducive to restoring a fully and well-functioning dispute settlement system.
WTO, Appellate Body Crisis, Dispute Settlement Reform, Opt-out Arrangement
A ATENÇÃO INTEGRAL EM SAÚDE JUNTO AOS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Lepesteur João David 
Published: April 2024

De acordo com o Ministério da Saúde, a atenção integral à saúde indígena é composta por um conjunto de ações para a implementação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) nos territórios indígenas, uma vez que em se tratando do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o subsistema de atenção à saúde indígena (SASI) e a Política de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas (PNASPI) foram criados como estratégia para garantir o acesso à saúde aos povos indígenas. Tais ações visam promover a proteção, a promoção e a recuperação da saúde desses povos de maneira participativa e diferenciada, respeitando-se as especificidades epidemiológicas e socioculturais dos povos indígenas e articulando saberes no âmbito da atenção. O artigo em tela tem por objetivo evidenciar a forma pela qual a atenção integral em saúde é ofertada junto aos indígenas no Brasil e em Mato Grosso. A fim de atender ao objetivo proposto, realizamos uma pesquisa que, quanto à natureza, se caracteriza como pesquisa aplicada em ciências humanas, tendo em vista que busca contribuir para tentar solucionar um problema específico, no caso o atendimento médico em saúde junto aos indígenas. No que diz respeito à abordagem da pesquisa, para a concretização do objeto de estudo, utilizamos a metodologia qualitativa. Com relação aos objetivos da pesquisa, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, que buscou analisar a forma pela qual se dá no Brasil e em Mato Grosso o atendimento junto à população indígena. O estudo evidencia que o cuidado ainda é centrado em práticas paliativas e emergenciais, geralmente baseado na remoção de pacientes, gerando altos custos. A superação desses desafios depende do fortalecimento da APS e de seu reconhecimento enquanto importante marco regulador do modelo organizacional da PNASPI.
Desde la educación sensorial hasta la cohesión social
Authors: Siesquén Chumán Henry Geovani , Mendoza Alva Jorge Alexander , Vargas Salazar Mario Uldarico 
Published: April 2024

La investigación se desarrolla basada en las interacciones de relación entre la educación sensorial y la cohesión social. Estructurado en las teorías del docente efectivo, teoría de la actuación educativa exitosa, y la teoría del aprendizaje incorporado, teniendo como objetivo determinar fases y etapas, determinación de componentes y la construcción de propuesta de matriz de interacciones. La óptica de diseño investigativo documental, con una proposición de metodología cualitativa – inductiva, se desarrolla en 6 fases y 18 etapas, con el uso de matrices de relación por etapas y fases, arribando a la discusión con la matriz teórica de interacciones, contrastando los resultados con las teorías bajo dos niveles de relación, las teorías con sus etapas, y los criterios – indicadores con los componentes, llegando a las conclusiones mediante la identificación y reafirmación de las interacciones relacionales del constructo formación sensorial cohesiva.