bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of environmental AMD risk factors in a population of patients suffering from stroke and myocardial infarction
Authors: CREUZOT C , NICOT F , DUGAS B , ACAR N , BRETILLON L , BRON AM 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Stroke and myocardial infarction are common diseases occurring in patients suffering from Age Macular Degeneration (AMD). We assessed the rate of AMD and AMD risk factors in patients suffering from recent stroke or myocardial infarction. Methods Patients suffering from a recent stroke or myocardial infarction (less than 1 month) benefited from a thorough ophthalmic examination with the following measurements and evaluations: visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus photography, Raman spectroscopy and macular OCT. In the same time a food questionnaire was dispensed. Finally, blood samples to measure fatty acids and lutein were performed. Results 74 patients were examined, 31 females and 43 males. The age of the patients was 65 ±10 years, [47‐90]. The rates of stage 2 and 3 AMD were 25.7 % and 13.5 % respectively (n=19, n=10). Raman spectroscopy did not differ between groups, p=0.83. Central retina thickness was increased in the AMD group, 250±37 µ versus 222±35 µ, p=0.04. The fatty acid profile and lutein in blood did not differ between patients with or without AMD, p=0.7 and p=0.21, respectively. The overall omega 6/ omega 3 ratio was 4.64 ± 0.97 in our population. Conclusion The rate of AMD risk factors does not seem to be increased in the patients suffering from AMD in this population of patients suffering from stroke and myocardial infarction. A longitudinal study is needed to confirm these results.
Effect of lutein supplementation on macular pigment optical density in patients with AMD
Authors: KAYA S , WEIGERT G , PEMP B , SACU S , GARHOFER G , SCHMIDT‐ERFURTH U , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Reduced macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and reduced lutein/zeaxanthin intake have been shown to be associated with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). As such supplementation with lutein has been suggested as a therapeutic option in AMD. In the present study we hypothesized that lutein supplementation may improve MPOD in AMD patients. Methods This hypothesis was tested in a randomized, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled parallel group study in patients with AMD with a 6 months study period. The randomization of lutein (20mg daily months 1‐3, 10 mg daily months 4‐6) versus placebo was 2:1. 126 patients with nonexudative AMD were included in this trial. Study visits were scheduled at baseline and 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after start of lutein or placebo intake. MPOD was measured with a custom built optical reflectometer based on a model of light propagation in the human retina. Statistical analysis was assessed using a repeated measures ANOVA model. Results 104 patients finished the study as scheduled. Eight patients only showed up for the baseline visit and were not included in the analysis. In the remaining 14 patients who did not finish the trial the last observation was carried forward. Supplementation with lutein induced a highly significant increase in MOPD (p < 0.001 versus placebo). In the lutein group MPOD was 0.35 ± 0.02 at baseline and 0.43 ± 0.02 after 6 months of supplementation. Conclusion These data indicate that supplementation with lutein improves MPOD in AMD patients. Given that reduced MPOD is a risk factor for AMD these data suggest that supplementation with lutein is beneficial in AMD.
Triple therapy for the treatment of choroidal neovascularization with pigment epithelium detachment in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: QUINTYN JC 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effect of a triple therapy associating sub‐cunjonctival Triamcinolone acetonide, intravitreous Ranibizumab and photodynamic therapy for treatment of retinal pigment epithelium detachment complicating occult choroidal neovascularization in age‐related macular degeneration. Methods A prospective clinical trial including 30 patients showing retinal pigment epithelium detachment. We treated these patients with intravitreous Ranibizumab injections and sub‐conjuctival Triamcinolone injections as well as a single session of photodynamic therapy at 48 h. At least two more intravitreous Ranibizumab injections were added at 1‐month intervals. Results Initial visual acuity was 20/100 and 20/60 at 9 months, which was minimal follow‐up. Twenty‐five patients had total resumption of retinal pigment epithelium detachment on optical coherence tomography imaging after 1 month. One patient had ocular hypertension and we cut conjonctiva to remove Triamcinolone. After three days the patients had a normal intraocular pression. One had a pigment epithelium break but with good functional results. Ten patients needed six intravitreous injections of Ranibizumab with partial or total resumption in six cases. Conclusion Treatment of retinal pigment epithelium detachment is difficult. Associating intravitreous injection of Ranibizumab, dynamic phototherapy, and sub‐conjunctival Triamcinolone provides good results. The sub‐cunjunctival administration allows to treat hypertonia.
Therapeutic effect of topical bevacizumab on corneal neovascularization following keratitis
Authors: DAMIJONAITYTE A , PAJAUJIS M , CIMBALAS A , BALTRUNIENE I , ASOKLIS R 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate clinical results of the treatment with topically applied bevacizumab in patients with corneal neovascularization secondary to keratitis. Methods A retrospective noncomparative case series report. 7 eyes of 7 patients with corneal neovascularization following ulcerative keratitis were treated with topical bevacizumab eye drops (5mg/ml) for 4 to 22 weeks. Underlying etiology of keratitis included 4 cases of herpetic infection, 2 cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and 1 case of keratitis e lagophthalmo. The follow‐up time was 4 to 25 weeks. Results After the course of topical bevacizumab the decrease of corneal neovascularization was observed in all of the cases due to reduction of the diameter of the blood vessels and an involution of the small vessels’ network. At the baseline examination the mean extent of the neovascularized area of the cornea was 4.43 (SD 2.82, range 1‐9) clock hours in comparison with 2,57 (SD 2.15, range 1‐6) clock hours after the treatment, however, this difference was not statistically significant. The neovascularized area diminished in 5 eyes, the mean reduction being 1.86 (SD 1.57, range 1‐4) clock hours. In 2 eyes former epithelial defects of the cornea persisted without significant changes in the size or depth during the treatment. The rest of the eyes showed an epitheliazed, stable and noninflamed ocular surface. No local or systemic adverse effects of topical bevacizumab were noticed during the follow‐up time. Conclusion Topical bevacizumab is an effective and well tolerated treatment for inhibiting corneal neovascularization secondary to keratitis of different etiologies.
New developments in dry eye treatment
Authors: BENITEZ‐DEL‐CASTILLO JM 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose This study summarizes the management and therapeutic options for treating dry eye disease. Goals of this review is to identify appropriate therapeutic methods for the management of dry eye disease and recommend a sequence or strategy for their application, based on evidence‐based review of the literature. Methods To achieve this a comprehensive review of clinical textbooks and scientific literature was performed and the quality of published evidence graded according to an agreed standard, using objective criteria for clinical and basic research studies. Results There have been tremendous advances in the treatment of dry eye and ocular surface disease in the last decades related to the increase in knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of dry eye. This has led to a paradigm shift in dry eye management from simply lubricating and hydrating the ocular surface with artiﬁcial tears to strategies that stimulate natural production of tear constituents, maintain ocular surface epithelial barrier function, and inhibit the inﬂammatory factors that adversely impact the ability of ocular surface and glandular epithelia to produce tears. Conclusion The authors will present current and future treatment options for dry eye disease.
Dry eye syndrome and omega‐3 fatty acids
Authors: KAERCHER T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Dry eye disease is characterized by an inflammatory component of the ocular surface. Pathways to modulate inflammation include corticoids and cyclosporine. Omega‐3 fatty acids like eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid represent an alternate pharmacologic way to influence the inflammatory cascade. Methods Clinical studies. Results An epidemiologic study in 32.470 healthy women showed that those with a higher intake of omega‐3 fatty acids had a 68% decreased prevalence of dry eye syndrome. Hyposecretory dry eye was tested after intake of omega‐3 fatty acids for 45 days. Symptoms, signs and inflammatory markers like HLA‐DR improved. Hyperevaporative dry eye improved after a long‐term supplementation with omega‐3 fatty acids with respect to symptoms, break‐up time and meibom score. Patients with refractive surgery (PRK) improved after omega‐3 fatty acids intake; this was derived from the OSDI‐score, Schirmer I test and tear clearance. In 102 contact‐lens wearers the symptoms and signs of dry eye improved after 12 weeks therapy with omega‐3 fatty acids. Conclusion Nutricionals with omega‐3 fatty acids show evidence‐based effects on the inflammatory component of ocular surface disease and tear film disorder. Their beneficial effect was tested for hypovolemic and hyperevaporative dry eye. Patients after refractive surgery and contact lens wearers improved after supplementation, too. In contrast to the available anti‐inflammatory therapy the supplementation is apt for a long‐term application.
Chitosan in the treatment of dry eye
Authors: SCHMETTERER L , HÖLLER S , HORNOF M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of a new eye drop formulation containing a novel thiolated biopolymer, namely chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine, in a number of pre‐clinical tests. It is postulated that interaction between thiol groups of the topically applied chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine and cysteine‐rich mucin (MUC5AC) increases polymer residence time on the ocular surface and tear film stability. Methods The efficacy of isotonic and buffered chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine eye drops was evaluated in two different dry eye mouse models. The dosage dependent ocular residence time and biodistribution were investigated in a rabbit model using microPET technology. Long‐term irritation and delayed‐type hypersensitivity tests with chitosan‐N‐acteylcysteine eye drop formulation were conducted in rabbits. Results In both dry eye studies mice treated with chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine showed decreased expression of ocular surface mRNA of IL‐β, IL‐10, IL‐12α, and TNF, indicating that the formulation may have protective ocular surface properties. The residence time of chitosan‐N‐acetylcysteine eye drops on the ocular surface of rabbits was increased (detection up to 22h). Results of a long‐term ocular irritation study in rabbits demonstrate that the novel formulation is well tolerated and non‐irritant to the eye. Conclusion Based on the promising pre‐clinical study results both in terms of efficacy and safety a clinical phase 1 trial is scheduled in the near future.
Commercial interest
The effect of riboflavin mediated corneal crosslinking on corneal hydration
Authors: KONTADAKIS G , GINIS HS , KARYOTAKIS N , PENNOS A , PENTARI IG , KYMIONIS G , PALLIKARIS IG 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the primary effect of corneal collagen crosslinking on corneal hydration. Methods Twenty corneal buttons from freshly enucleated porcine eyes where immersed in riboflavin 0.1% in dextran 20% dilution for three hours in order for their hydration to reach an equilibrium. Corneal buttons where divided in two groups; the first group was stored in dark conditions while the other group was irradiated with UV radiation (390nm) for 30 minutes to stimulate collagen cross‐linking according to the clinically applied protocol. After irradiation all corneas were immersed in dextran 20% solution for 30 additional minutes and subsequently weighted. Finally all corneal buttons were dehydrated for 48 hours in a desiccating oven set at 62Co and weighted again to obtain their dry mass. Hydration (%) of each button was calculated. Results were analyzed with non parametric tests. Results Irradiated group of corneas had statistically significant lower hydration than the non irradiated group. (p<0.05, Mann‐Whitney Test). Mean hydration in the irradiated group was 71% and in the non‐irradiated 75%. Conclusion Collagen crosslinking causes corneal dehydration that can be detected immediately after the procedure. This phenomenon may contribute to increased mechanical stiffness of the cornea.
Safety and efficacy of femtosecond LASIK with reverse side cut
Authors: MENICACCI F , FRUSCHELLI M , MENICACCI C , MENICACCI FL , HADJISTILIANOU T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Laser in situ keratomileusis has several advantages over photorefractive keratectomy when performed properly in appropriate eyes. These include faster visual recovery, less discomfort after surgery, and milder and more predictable wound healing with less risk for haze. Lamellar corneal flap formation is the critical step in successful LASIK surgery. In our study we used femtosecond lasik with 90° hinge and 100 µm thickness flap wi Methods We performed femtosecond lasik in 58 eyes of 30 patients (mean age 35 y.o.) with AMO's IntraLase™ FS and STAR S4 IR™ Excimer Laser System. Criteria for inclusion were spherical myopia of ‐2 to ‐8.00 D, hyperopia up to 5 D, astigmatism miopic/hyperopic up to 4.50 D; stable refraction for 2 years; a best‐spectacle corrected vision (BSCVA) of at least 20/25 in each eye. Corneal flap thickness was 100µm and hinge position was 90 degrees with reverse 120° side cut. The optical zone of the ablation was from 6.5 to 7 mm, transition zone from 8 to 9 mm. Results Controls were made at 1day, 1 and 3 months. No flap decentration was observed in any case, we had one case of epithelial sloughing and one slightly irregular flap border. Spherical equivalent was within +/‐ 0.50 D and the cylinder was 0.50 D or less in all patients. Only 5% of patients showed marked discomfort and avversion to light for several days. Conclusion Flap creation is probably the most important step during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), and complications during it can affect the rest of the procedure and cause permanent visual loss. In our exeprience the use of 100µm thickness flap with oblique side cut demonstrated itself to be a safe procedure with a very low complications rate and good refractive results.
Corneal grafting assisted by wavelength‐optimised ultrashort pulser lasers
Authors: MARCIANO TAL , APTEL F , CHATEAU N , CROTTI C , DELOISON F , DRUON F , GEORGES P , HANNA M , LAMORY B , LEGEAIS JM , LEVECQ X , MORIN F , NUZZO V , PEYROT D , SAVOLDELLI M , PLAMANN K 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose We realized an innovative device for ocular surgery by ultrafast pulse laser optimised for corneal grafting. Methods We constructed a demonstrator device that reproduces surgical conditions of corneal transplant. It is thus possible to realize with the help of an easy handling automatised interface all the kinds of already existing corneal transplants. Also, in order to maximize the spatial quality of the beam, a wavefront correction system using a deformable mirror module has been added. The Demonstrator contains an erbium fiber laser emitting at 1,6 microns. This laser delivers a beam of a few Joule with pulse duration of 700 femtoseconds and a repetition rate of 100‐200 KHz. It includes deformable mirrors permitting horizontal displacements and a wavefront sensor. It also contains the administration system of the laser beam. Results The experiments carried out with a surgical tunable source confirmed the initial assumptions: the penetration depth is limited to wavelengths close to 1 microns. When increasing the wavelength, the drop of the scattering compensates the absorption and therefore the penetration depth is slowly varying when increasing the wavelength. The laser does not penetrate near the maximum of the water absorption band located at 1,45 microns. However, the use of a wavelength of 1,6 micros enables an important increasing of penetration depth (factor 3) while conserving the same energy of current technologies. Conclusion The use of a laser source with a wavelength corresponding to the window of transparency of the cornea (1,65 microns) permits to increase both the penetration depth of an ultrafast laser source and the cut quality.
Tear film osmolarity after femtosecond laser‐assisted sub‐bowman keratomileusis. a pilot study
Authors: CANADAS SUAREZ P , GARCÍA‐GONZÁLEZ M , HERNÁNDEZ‐VERDEJO J , TEUS MA 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the tear osmolarity in patients that underwent Femtosecond laser‐assisted sub‐Bowman Keratomileusis (FSBK) three months before Methods We performed a prospective observational study of consecutive eyes that had Femtosecond laser‐assisted Sub‐Bowman Keratomileusis. Three months post‐op, tear osmolarity was measured with the TearLab TM Osmolarity System. This measure was performed only in one eye per patient. A normality value of 308 ± 5 mOsm/L (provided by the manufacturer) was used to classify the tear osmolarity Results 29 eyes of 29 patients were included in the study. Mean patient age was 43.5 ± 2.12 years (range, 25 to 64). Three months postop, mean osmolarity values were 304.5 ± 0.71 mOsm/L (range, 292 to 342). 17 eyes (60%) had a normal value of tear osmolarity (within ±2 standard deviation of the mean normal value), only 3 eyes (10%) had an hypo‐osmolar tear film and 9 eyes (30%) had an hyper‐osmolar tear film 3 months after FSBK Conclusion Our results suggest that tear film osmolarity measured with the TearLabTM Osmolarity system tends to achieve normal values three months after Femtosecond laser‐assisted sub‐Bowman Keratomileusis, although one third of our patients still have a hyper‐osmolar tear film 3 months postop
From elementary concept in animal models to new frontiers in humans: neurovascular coupling in the ocular circulation
Authors: RIVA C 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The retina and optic nerve, both optically accessible components of the central nervous system, are ideally suited for the investigation of the intrinsic physiological process by which blood ﬂow, metabolism and neural activity are tightly coupled (Roy and Sherrington. 1890). Methods Using various techniques in the cat and human eye, the changes in blood flow in the retina and optic nerve in response to increased neural activity by flicker stimulation have been determined. The effect of varying the stimulus parameters, such as flicker modulation depth, frequency, luminance and red‐green color ratio, on the blood flow response was investigated. Putative mediators of the activity‐induced flow changes and the relationship between activity, blood flow and metabolic changes were assessed. Results Visual stimulation with flicker increases rapidly and markedly both retinal and optic nerve blood ﬂows (functional hyperemia). Moreover, the data reveal unequivocally the presence, under specific conditions of flicker, of a neurovascular/neurometabolic coupling in these tissues, partly mediated by local potassium ions and nitric oxide production. Furthermore, the activity‐induced hyperemia is altered during a number of physiological and pharmacological interventions and in some pathologic conditions. Conclusion Flicker stimulation of the retina offers a new and powerful means to modulate blood flow and investigate the neurovascular coupling in the neural eye tissues. Exploration of this activity‐induced hyperemia and the mechanism(s) underlying the neurovascular coupling will lead to an increased understanding of the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases.
Sex differences in uveal melanoma
Authors: DAMATO BE , COUPLAND SE 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To determine sex differences in uveal melanomas involving choroid. Methods Patients were included in this study if diagnosed clinically with uveal melanoma and treated after 1992 at the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Service. Survival studies were performed only with patients resident in mainland Britain, for whom accurate data from the NHS Cancer Registries were available. Statistical methods included the Chi‐square test for categorical variables, Mann‐Whitney for continuous variables and log‐rank for survival studies. Results The 3870 patients comprised 1933 females and 1937 males. The mean age at treatment was 60.3 years with no significant difference (p = 0.78. The tumour was considered to arise in choroid in 91.3% of males and 86.0% of females (p<0.001).When only tumours involving choroid were assessed, males were less likely to have a melanoma with pre‐ora extension (p=.001); more likely to have tumour extension to within 2DD of disc or fovea (p = .001); greater basal diameter (p =.036), greater height (p = .003) and epithelioid cellularity (p =.018) but there was no difference in the prevalence of monosomy 3 (p =.574). Males were more likely to have primary enucleation (p = .015). Males showed greater metastatic mortality (p = .003); however, it is uncertain as to whether this difference was caused by bias relating to shorter life expectancy. Conclusion Uveal melanomas tended to be more posterior in males, in whom choroidal melanomas tended to be larger with a higher prevalence of epithelioid cytomorphology. Males were more likely to undergo primary enucleation and showed higher metastatic mortality.
Serum proteomics in uveal melanoma
Authors: ANGI M , DAMATO BE , COUPLAND SE 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Proteomics studies on uveal melanoma (UM) are limited and there is scope for further research that takes into account recent genetics insides. Methods In this proposed study, serum samples from pat with UM will be collected before treatment and at various times afterwards and serum findings will be correlated with proteomics of the tumour itself. Patients will be included if they have UM involving choroid with full clinical and histological data and excluded if specimens do not meet required quality and quantity. It is envisaged that 30 patients from different centres will be recruited. Specimens will be processed using the MALDI‐TOF MS peptide profiling and 2D‐LC ItRAQ profiling approaches. Metastatic risk will be scored in a multivariate fashion. Results Proteomics differences between primary tumour and serum will be evaluated in addition to statistical correlations with baseline data. The proteomic results of high risk and low risk patients (in respect to cytogenetics findings) will be compared. Conclusion The findings of this study might identify markers predictive of metastatic disease and may complement existing serum studies.