bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera in experimental diabetes
Authors: GUPTA Rajnish , MATHUR Manas , BAJAJ Vijay K. , KATARIYA Pawan , YADAV Sunita , KAMAL Raka , GUPTA Radhey S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:  Moringa oleifera, a widely cultivated species in India, is an exceptionally nutritious vegetable with a variety of potential uses in treating rheumatism, venomous bites, and microbial infections. In the present study, we investigated the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of methanol extracts of M. oleifera pods (MOMtE) in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic albino rats.Methods:  Diabetic rats were treated with 150 or 300 mg/kg MOMtE for 21 days and the antidiabetic effects of the extract were evaluated by measuring changes in biochemical parameters in the serum and pancreatic tissue. Two phytoconstituents, namely quercetin and kaempferol, were isolated from the MOMtE extract and their structures were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy.Results:  The progression of diabetes was significantly reduced after MOMtE treatment. In treated rats, both doses of MOMtE induced a significant reduction in serum glucose and nitric oxide, with concomitant increases in serum insulin and protein levels. Furthermore, MOMtE treatment increased antioxidant levels in pancreatic tissue, with concomitant decreases in levels of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances. Histologic examination of the pancreas from diabetic rats showed degenerative changes in β‐cells; MOMtE treatment significantly reversed the histoarchitectural damage to the islets cells.Conclusion:  In conclusion, M. oleifera exerts protective effects against STZ‐induced diabetes. The MOMtE exhibited significant antidiabetic and antioxidant activity and active constituents may be isolated from the extract for evaluation in future clinical studies.
The Last of the Milesians: The 1801 Anglo‐Irish Marriage Contract and The Wild Irish Girl
Authors: DOUGHERTY JANE ELIZABETH 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSydney Owenson wrote The Wild Irish Girl hoping to effect in reality a union between Britain and Ireland that was already irrevocably enshrined in law. The passage of the Union in 1801 was itself marked by a discourse of national marriage between Britain and Ireland, with Britain the groom and Ireland the bride, revealing the Union to have shared almost all the characteristics of the classic marriage contract. It is this discursive context that shapes Owenson's text and is responsible for the failure of the text's desired resolution, an allegorical marriage between Britain and Ireland.
The influence of AT1002 on the nasal absorption of molecular weight markers and therapeutic agents when co-administered with bioadhesive polymers and an AT1002 antagonist, AT1001
Authors: Song Keon-Hyoung , Eddington Natalie D 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the tight junction permeation enhancer, AT1002, on the nasal absorption of molecular weight markers and low bioavailable therapeutic agents co-administered with bioadhesive polymers or zonulin antagonist.

Methods
The bioadhesive polymers, carrageenan and Na-CMC, were prepared with AT1002 to examine the permeation-enhancing effect of AT1002 on the nasal absorption of inulin, calcitonin and saquinavir after nasal administration to Sprague–Dawley rats. Blood samples were collected over a 6-hour period from a jugular cannula. In addition, we determined whether AT1002 exerts a permeation-enhancing effect via activation of PAR-2 specific binding to a putative receptor of zonulin. To examine this zonulin antagonist, AT1001, was administered 30 min prior to dosing with an AT1002/inulin solution and blood samples were collected over a 6-hour period.

Key findings
The bioadhesive polymers did not directly increase the absorption of inulin, calcitonin and saquinavir, but promoted the permeation-enhancing effect of AT1002 when delivered nasally, thereby significantly increasing the absorption of each drug. Pre-treatment with AT1001 antagonized the zonulin receptor and significantly minimized the permeation-enhancing effect of AT1002.

Conclusion
These findings will assist in understanding the permeation-enhancing capability of and the receptor binding of AT1002. Further, combining AT1002 with carrageenan supports the development of the mucosal delivery of therapeutic agents that have low bioavailability even with bioadhesive agents.
NO-1886 ameliorates glycogen metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells by GSK-3β signalling
Authors: Wang Zong-bao , Zeng Huai-cai , Wei Han-song , Yi Guang-hui , Yu Jian , Wang Yue-ting , Zhang Ya-li , Yin Wei-dong 
Published: November 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to elucidate the possible role and mechanism of NO-1886 (ibrolipim, a lipoprotein lipase activator) in ameliorating insulin resistance induced by high palmitate.

Methods
HepG2 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium and were treated with palmitate to induce insulin resistance. Free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose, glycogen, cell viability and mRNA and protein levels were analysed separately.

Key findings
We found that HepG2 cells treated with 0.5 mm palmitate for 48 h led to a significant decrease of insulin-induced glucose consumption (from 2.89 ± 0.85 mm in the control to 0.57 ± 0.44 mm in palmitate). Insulin resistance (IR) of HepG2 cells was induced by 0.5 mm palmitate for 48 h. NO-1886 stimulated glucose consumption, glycogen synthesis and FFA absorption in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Maximum stimulation effects were observed with 10 µm NO-1886 for 24 h. Compared with the dimethyl sulfoxide-treated group, 2.5 µm NO-1886 or higher could induce the mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase. Meanwhile, NO-1886 increased the protein content of P-GSK-3βser9 and decreased the protein level of GSK-3β in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, but NO-1886 didn't change the protein levels of PI3-Kp85 and Akt2.

Conclusion
Lipoprotein lipase activator NO-1886 could increase glycogen synthesis in HepG2 cells and could ameliorate the insulin resistance, which was associated with GSK-3 signalling.
A self‐adaptive case‐based reasoning system for dose planning in prostate cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Mishra Nishikant , Petrovic Sanja , Sundar Santhanam 
Published: November 2011

Purpose:Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the male population. Radiotherapy is often used in the treatment for prostate cancer. In radiotherapy treatment, the oncologist makes a trade‐off between the risk and benefit of the radiation, i.e., the task is to deliver a high dose to the prostate cancer cells and minimize side effects of the treatment. The aim of our research is to develop a software system that will assist the oncologist in planning new treatments.Methods:A nonlinear case‐based reasoning system is developed to capture the expertise and experience of oncologists in treating previous patients. Importance (weights) of different clinical parameters in the dose planning is determined by the oncologist based on their past experience, and is highly subjective. The weights are usually fixed in the system. In this research, the weights are updated automatically each time after generating a treatment plan for a new patient using a group based simulated annealing approach.Results:The developed approach is analyzed on the real data set collected from the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital Campus, UK. Extensive experiments show that the dose plan suggested by the proposed method is coherent with the dose plan prescribed by an experienced oncologist or even better.Conclusions:The developed case‐based reasoning system enables the use of knowledge and experience gained by the oncologist in treating new patients. This system may play a vital role to assist the oncologist in making a better decision in less computational time; it utilizes the success rate of the previously treated patients and it can also be used in teaching and training processes.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Paramyxovirus, Tailam Virus, Discovered in Sikkim Rats
Authors: Woo Patrick C. Y. , Lau Susanna K. P. , Wong Beatrice H. L. , Wong Annette Y. P. , Poon Rosana W. S. , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

We discovered a novel paramyxovirus, Tailam virus, of subfamily
Paramyxovirinae
, in the kidneys and spleens of Sikkim rats. The coding potential of its genome (3′-N-P/V/C-M-F-SH-TM-G-L-5′) is similar to those of Beilong virus and J virus, with putative proteins having 59.1 to 94.4% and 23.8 to 80.1% amino acid identities to those of Beilong virus and J virus, respectively.
Introduction to Ada
Authors: Feldman Michael 
Published: November 2011

Level -- Beginner, but attendees should have some experience with a high-level programming language.
This tutorial is designed for those who have some familiarity with a programming language, but who are new to Ada. In the morning, we will discuss the basics of programming in Ada, including types, packages, syntax rules, and other Ada programming constructs. In the afternoon, we will briefly cover Ada's object-oriented programming and concurrent-programming features. Many examples will be shown; freely downloadable Ada programming environments and tools will be discussed.
Average Daily Blood Pressure, Not Office Blood Pressure, Is Associated With Progression of Cerebrovascular Disease and Cognitive Decline in Older People
Authors: White William B. , Wolfson Leslie , Wakefield Dorothy B. , Hall Charles B. , Campbell Patrick , Moscufo Nicola , Schmidt Julia , Kaplan Richard F. , Pearlson Godfrey , Guttmann Charles R.G. 
Published: November 2011

Background—
High blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, including stroke. Little is known about the importance of BP on the progression of microvascular disease of the brain, which has been associated with functional decline in mobility and cognition in older people.

Methods and Results—
This was a prospective cohort of subjects 75 to 89 years of age to determine relations among vascular risk factors, white matter hyperintensity volume, and functional status. Ninety-nine subjects were enrolled through the use of a balanced 3×3 matrix stratified by age and mobility performance, and 72 subjects completed all sets of baseline and follow-up studies at 2 years. Subjects were excluded if there were medications or systemic or neurological diseases that could compromise mobility. Ambulatory and clinic BP monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging, gait studies, and neuropsychological testing were performed at baseline and after 24 months. Brain classification into normal white matter and T2-hyperintense white matter hyperintensity volume was performed with semiautomated segmentation. Quantitative measures of mobility and cognitive function were obtained longitudinally. Increased ambulatory systolic BP, but not clinic systolic BP, from baseline to 24 month follow-up was associated with increased white matter hyperintensity volume over that same period, as well as measures of executive function/processing speed. Similar associations were observed for 24-hour BP, awake BP, and sleep BP but not for the surge between the sleep and awake time at the 24-month time point.

Conclusions—
These data demonstrate for the first time the importance of 24-hour systolic BP in the progression of brain white matter hyperintensity volume burden associated with impairment of cognitive function in older people. The 24-hour systolic BP may be a potential target for intervention in the elderly to reduce vascular disease of the brain and impairment of function.
Grassland management history affects the response of the nematode community to changes in above-ground grazing regime
Authors: Saj Stéphane , Le Roux Xavier , Attard Eléonore , Klumpp Katja , Villenave Cécile 
Published: November 2011

AbstractChanges in grassland management induce disturbances that influence both soil functioning and soil fauna. This study aimed at determining the extent to which the composition of a grassland soil nematode community could be altered by a shift of grazing regime and the potential feedback that these alterations could provoke on grassland functioning. Therefore, we monitored the composition of the soil nematode community (i.e., plant-, bacterial- and fungal-feeders, omnivores and carnivores) of mesocosms that were sampled from two contrasted long-term field trials (high vs low grazing treatments) and subsequently subjected to high or no grazing for 2 years. The soil nematofauna responded faster and more strongly to the application of an intensive grazing regime on a previously extensively exploited system than the other way round. The application of an intensive grazing regime induced a significant increase in numbers of bacterial feeders and a decrease of the relative abundance of fungal-feeding nematodes. The nematofaunal community structure was determined by both the past and current grazing regimes throughout the 2 years of monitoring. Observed effects on soil microbivores seemed to reflect the 'immediate' above-ground primary production potential and to follow micro-organism dynamics. On the other hand, observed effects on root-feeding nematodes seemed to reflect the integral effect of past and current grazing regimes on plant community root biomass and quality.
Keeping the Dream Alive: Meridian as Alice Walker’s Homage to Martin Luther King and the Beloved Community
Authors: Tewkesbury Paul 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This essay examines the ways in which Alice Walker’s 1976 novel Meridian is shaped by Martin Luther King Jr.’s notion of the Beloved Community, a religious and social ideal that epitomized the goals of the 1960s civil rights movement. Previous studies of Meridian focus on connections between the novel and the movement, but they do not explore the connections between the novel’s spiritual dimensions and King’s religious philosophy. As Walker pays tribute to King and his religious philosophy throughout Meridian, she also fleshes out her own womanist philosophy. Indeed, Walker’s womanist philosophy as revealed in Meridian is more congruent with King’s Christian theology than one might expect, for the values of redemptive suffering, nonviolence, love, and community are as central to the novel as they are to King’s thought.
In whose service? The 1960s’ Czechoslovak Sociologists and their Party
Authors: Voříšek Michael 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between sociologists and the Communist Party headquarters in 1960 Czechoslovakia. It is based on the archives of the coordinating body of Czechoslovak sociology, the Scientific Board of Philosophy and Sociology at the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. First, the article depicts the synergy between sociology and the powers: the research commissioned by the supreme Party bodies or the Party sponsorship of sociology’s institutionalization. However, instances of lacking material support to the discipline are noted as well. Second, the conflicts between social scientists and the Party headquarters are discussed: namely, the layoff of the philosopher Ivan Sviták in 1964 and the following interventions into the Institute of Philosophy. Finally, the article maps the demands for autonomy as formulated by the scholars in 1968. In concluding, it points to the fact that despite requesting independence from the Communist headquarters, the Marxist elite in the social sciences never abandoned their own claim to hegemony. They resisted both the challenge of non-Marxist scholars in 1968, and the spontaneous claims and complaints that might come from the society at large. In that respect, the sociology of the 1960s seems a perfect child of the Czechoslovak reformist movement.
Cold War in Latin America: The Camelot Project (1964–1965) and the Political and Academic Reactions of the Chilean Left
Authors: Navarro Juan José 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Camelot Project (1964–1965) emerged as a project for social research orientated to measuring, predicting and controlling internal conflicts within peripheral countries. Camelot appeared within the Special Operations Research Office (SORO) of the American University, and was requested by the United States Defense Department to be applied in Chile within the next four years. This article explores the reactions of the Chilean left wing.
Gateway to Western Modernity: The Case of Turkish Women
Authors: Kavakci-Islam Merve 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Turkish Republic is accepted as one of the most advanced Muslim countries in regards to the emancipation of women, according to widely produced literature about the region. Turkey’s commitment to modernization is the underlying reason behind this premise. Women played a critical role as the symbols of westernization project at the center. I shed light on the women’s empowerment trajectory and examine the extent to which the republic kept up with its promise of emancipating women. A critique of this project from outside sources helps decipher the codes of failing to fulfill the expectations of the female population. I first discuss how the republic rendered women the symbols of modernization and the measures it took to secure this rendering. I then examine women’s empowerment in political, economic and social realms at various time intervals in history. I conclude with some of the current challenges before full emancipation of women in Turkey.
A Sick Sultana in the Ottoman Imperial Palace: Male Doctors, Female Healers and Female Patients in the Early Modern Period
Authors: Shefer-Mossensohn Miri 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Being a human endeavor, medical ethics and clinical practices are affected by a set of social and cultural norms in conjunction with factors pertaining to the patients’ social and financial status. In this paper, I consider how gender and money shaped medical realities in the early modern Ottoman Empire. People of means certainly had more medical options available to them, although that did not necessarily lead to better results. Gender too was naturally an important factor, molding medical options and the relationship between patient and healer. The specific case of the imperial harem will reveal how high socio-economic status has actually curbed women’s medical options, as their access to male doctors was limited. Based on Ottoman archival and legal sources and European travel literature, the paper examines how and why they were limited, and how they went about circumventing such restrictions. The picture that emerges reveals that being a member of the Ottoman elite had its price.
Revolutionary Eschatology: Islam & the End of Time in al-Ṭāhir Waṭṭār’s al-Zilzāl1
Authors: Shakry Hoda El 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This paper analyzes the use of Qurʾanic rhetoric and imagery in al-Ṭāhir Waṭṭār’s 1974 novel al-Zilzāl (The Earthquake). More specifically, it emphasizes Waṭṭār’s employment of Qurʾanic eschatology to blur the boundary between ‘religious’ and ‘secular’ forms of discourse in the construction of Algerian nationalist discourse. The paper investigates al-Zilzāl’s critical engagement with the rhetoric of Arabism and Islamism in post-revolutionary state politics, highlighting the novel’s hybrid genre, its conscious manipulation of narrative time and space, as well as its incorporation of various registers of the Arabic language. Through the mobilization of eschatological notions of struggle, death and sacrifice, al-Zilzāl unsettles a number of authorized narratives on Algerian national identity, language and literature.
Defining Metapoesis in the ʿAbbāsid Age
Authors: Fakhreddine Huda J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This article explores the definition of the term meta-poetic and its application to the poetry of the ʿAbbāsid age, focusing on short compositions and excerpts in which poets explicitly voice their critical opinions on poetry. The cultural milieu of the period and the debates and issues that surrounded ʿAbbāsid poetry necessarily influenced poets and their creative processes. ʿAbbāsid poets wrote for an ideal reader/critic not only qualified to appreciate their innovations but also capable of placing their contributions in the continuum of the tradition they were writing against, bringing the relationship with the literary past to the forefront of the poet’s concerns.
Canonical Theism as Ecclesial and Ecumenical Resource
Authors: Castelo Daniel 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This article seeks to survey the movement of canonical theism as a way of introducing it to a Pentecostal readership for the purpose of establishing possible links that could be beneficial for both groups. In particular, the essay utilizes some of the claims of canonical theism to reconsider the place and function of initial-evidence thinking within Classical Pentecostalism. Additionally, the essay explores how the Pentecostal experience and understanding of God would substantiate further the underdeveloped claims to theism that the movement makes.
Fire from Heaven: Pentecostals in the Secular City
Authors: Wariboko Nimi 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Is Harvey Cox’s Fire from Heaven which focused on Pentecostalism merely a mea culpa for the hubris of predicting the death of God in the 1960s or a case of using the “pentecostalization” of religions to describe the shape of religiosity in the emerging global civil society, global secular city? This essay shows how theologically liberal ideas in both his Fire from Heaven and Secular City are today used to theologize the relevant shape of faith in the global civil society in ways that hauntingly suggest Pentecostalism is implicated in the emergence and working of the global secular city which reject notions of transcendence in religion. The essay then challenges pentecostal theologians to seriously consider the question: In what way is Pentecostalism already secularized or secularizing from its core?
Response to Professor Nimi Wariboko
Authors: Cox Harvey 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Professor Wariboko has rightly responded to Fire from Heaven in the context of the entire span of my writing from The Secular City to The Future of Faith and has pointed out some persistent themes. The thesis of The Secular City was that God remains present and active in a secularizing world, albeit not always under “religious” auspices. A new generation of thinkers, including Charles Taylor, has now picked up this theme. Fire from Heaven described the “surfacing” of this primal piety in the global Pentecostal wave, and The Future of Faith suggests what the next stage may be. The Pentecostal movement and the resurgence of Islam have made it clear that the “secular” is now only one possible worldview among others. Also, there are a number of different forms of secularism. The emerging global cosmopolis will be multicultural, a world city “where strangers meet.” Using the metaphor of jazz, faith now follows no “score” but improvises within a chord structure, with players responding to each other. The question of whether the Pentecostal movement can “play” in such a setting is still an open one.