bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological profile of the patients with lung cancer at a tertiary care institute from South India
Authors: Reddy Rachita , Venkat Rakshith Jaya , Narayanan Geeta S. , Kumar B. R. Kiran 
Published: June 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Lung cancer is one of the most aggressive and prevalent types of malignancy, causing high morbidity and mortality. Tobacco smoking continues to be the leading cause of lung cancer worldwide. An increasing incidence of lung cancer has been observed in India. The objective of this study is to find the demographic and clinicopathological profile of patients with lung cancer presented at our center over 2 years.

METHODS:
A retrospective analysis of all the patients diagnosed with lung cancer presented to our institute between 2015 and 2017 was done. All the patients’ records were statistically analyzed for demographic features, smoking status, histopathological type, stage of the disease at presentation, and treatment modalities.

RESULTS:
A total of 218 diagnosed cases of lung cancer were included in the study. The majority (78%) were males, with 170 cases. The median age of diagnosis is 62 years. Smoking emerged as a prominent risk factor, with smokers comprising 33% of patients with lung cancer. Nonsmall-cell carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common histology and adenocarcinoma was detected among 50.5% of patients of NSCLC patients. Among all patients Stage IV accounting for the highest percentage. Bone and liver were the most common sites of distant metastasis. In terms of treatment patterns, the data indicated that 33.49% of cases received curative treatment, and 53.67% opted for palliative care.

CONCLUSION:
Adenocarcinoma was the most common NSCLC in our studied population where the majority of patients with lung cancer were nonsmokers. Stage IV presentation with bone metastasis was the most common clinical presentation.
A randomized comparative clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of Chatushashti Prahari Pippali along with Rehabilitation self-management after COVID-19 related illness in the management of post COVID syndrome
Authors: Walinjkar Manjiri Jayprakash , Goyal Mandip 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic along with post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) has raised many questions to the medical fraternity for which Ayurveda can be the solution for abatement of the disease along with its prevention and treatment.

Aim:
The present prospective double-arm randomized controlled clinical study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the role of Chatushashti Prahari Pippali (CPP) as addon to rehabilitation guidelines in PCS, in comparison with rehabilitation guidelines on the relief in the symptoms as the primary outcome and upgradation of quality of life (QoL) as the secondary outcome.

Materials and methods:
A total of 112 patients of PCS were selected and randomized into two groups, namely group A and group B, in which intervention was encapsulated CPP and placebo, respectively. The posology of oral intervention in both groups was 500 mg capsulated powder twice a day after food with lukewarm water for 8 weeks, along with rehabilitation guidelines. Both the groups were assessed based on subjective and objective parameters such as symptomatic gradation, 6 min walk test (6MWT), and Quality of life.

Results:
Results were obtained by descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including ANOVA, ANCOVA, and paired t-tests. Statistically significant difference was reported between the groups in all assessment parameters, including symptomatic improvement, upgrading in 6MWT with the enhancement of QoL assessed by the WHO QoL and Post-COVID-19 Functional Scale, which validates the superiority of combined therapy (CPP and rehabilitation) over only rehabilitation in the management of PCS.

Conclusion:
The present study provides credible evidence that the Ayurveda intervention CPP along with rehabilitation is effective in the management of PCS in enhancing the QoL of COVID-19 long-haulers, justifying the need for medicinal intervention along with rehabilitation.
Herbal pharmaceutical patent protection: Illustrative evidence on prosecution stages and section 3 [d] implication of Indian Patent Act
Authors: Sharma Parul , Ravikumar R. K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Pharmaceutical industries are increasingly vigilant on filing patent protection in the field of herbal medicine due to increase in annual growth rate/demand of natural products. These industries dependant on medicinal system(s) primarily on AYUSH system of Medicine apart from traditional knowledge practices. Since 2005, India had complied with Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights [TRIPS] obligations by evolving suitable patent protection system. Indian patent system had advanced by various amendment(s) including Section 3 (d) of the Act (Patent Act 1970).

Aim:
The study is aimed essential to provide evidence in protection of desirable patent and to understand implications of Section 3 (d) in terms of protecting creativity, appreciating variations in development of pharmaceutical products.

Material and methods:
The study had examined 41 herbal pharmaceutical patent grants from grassroots innovations during 2021 to 2022 incubated by National Innovation Foundation-India. The implications of pharmaceutical grants with respect to Section 3 (d) were elaborated.

Results:
It was encouraging to note that 24 percent of these applications were accorded with herbal pharmaceutical product patent grants. The study observed that on an average these applications received grant by seven years with a prosecution period of 19 months.

Conclusion:
These features reflect evolving nature of IP regime in dealing with herbal pharmaceutical patent applications as India is recognized as an innovation economy. The contribution of green grassroots innovation in public health care is illustrated.
Patch Testing in Toilet Seat Dermatitis: A Case Series of Six Patients with Paediatric Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Begum Farheen , Asritha CVV , Panda Maitreyee , Agarwal Akash 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Toilet seat dermatitis (TSD) is a localized form of dermatitis that commonly occurs in the buttocks and upper posterior aspect of the thigh in school-going children. Previously, it was mostly seen due to allergic contact dermatitis to wood, but recently, many other allergens in toilet seats along with the possibility of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) to detergents were reported.

Materials and Methods:
Six cases diagnosed clinically as atopic dermatitis per Hanifin and Rajka criteria presented with posterior thigh dermatitis. Patch testing using the Indian Standard Series, toilet seat scrapings, and detergents was conducted.

Results:
Patch testing showed negative results at 48, 96, and 168 hours, including lesional site testing. Symptomatic management, including topical steroids and later tacrolimus, was administered, coupled with counselling on toilet seat cover use, with a follow-up after four weeks. Lesions showed resolution and reduced itching.

Limitation:
This study’s limitation lies in its small sample size from a single geographic area.

Conclusion:
Lesion resolution through topical treatment and toilet seat avoidance, support a diagnosis of contact dermatitis; however, the role of atopy remains crucial, suggesting a complex interplay. Larger studies are needed for a comprehensive understanding of this dermatological condition.
Diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases by flow cytometry: Experience from Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Avizit , Islam Mohammad Imnul , Nigar Ismet , Juyee Nusrat Akhtar , Ahmed S. M. Ali , Chakrobortty Tripty , Soma Susmita Karmakar , Ali Md. Eunus , Roy Chandan Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) are clinically and immunologically diverse and require a wide array of clinical and laboratory modalities to make specific diagnosis. Serum immunoglobulin levels and T cell, B cell and NK (Natural killer) cell immunophenotyping are routine laboratory investigations advised to diagnose the PIDD cases in Bangladesh. Along with T-B-NK markers, use of Naïve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) T cell, switched memory B cell (CD27+IgD-) markers, detection of intracellular BTK (Bruton’s tyrosine kinase), LRBA (Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor), DOCK8 (Dedicator of cytokinesis 8) protein expression and DHR123 (Dihydro-rhodamine 123) assay of neutrophil can increase the PIDD cases detection in Bangladesh.

METHODS:
The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during the time period of March, 2021 to February, 2022. Seventy clinically suspected PIDD cases were enrolled in this study on the basis of clinical findings and peripheral venous blood was collected from all patients to perform immunophenotyping. Routine T-B-NK cell, naïve and memory T cell with switched memory B cell markers were detected by flow-cytometry. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA & IgE) were estimated by Nephelometry and by Chemiluminescence. Intracellular BTK, LRBA and DOCK8 protein expression was detected by flow-cytometry in suspected X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), LRBA and DOCK8 deficiency patients respectively. DHR123 assay was performed in suspected Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients.

RESULTS:
Among the 70 clinically suspected PIDD cases, 9 (12.9%) were diagnosed as patients of PIDDs on the basis of laboratory evidence. Five (55.55%) cases were diagnosed as predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs), 3 (33.33%) were patients of combined immunodeficiency (CID) and 1 (11.11%) was CGD patient. Among the diagnosed PIDD cases, 2 (22.22%) were diagnosed by T-B-NK cell immunophenotyping with serum immunoglobulin levels and 7 (77.77%) cases were diagnosed by additional CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD27+IgD- markers, BTK protein expression detection and DHR123 assay. LRBA and DOCK8 deficiency cases could not found in this study.

CONCLUSION:
The use of additional markers (CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD27+IgD-) with BTK, LRBA, DOCK8 intracellular protein expression evaluation and DHR123 assay by flow-cytometry can increase rate of specific diagnosis of the PIDD cases in Bangladeshi paediatric population.
Serum ferritin levels in chronic spontaneous urticaria in association with autologous serum skin test: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaheema A. M. , Fernandes Michelle Serene 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common clinical condition presenting with wheals or along with angioedema. It has a complex pathogenesis having a considerable impact on quality of life. In patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) exhibiting poor response to conventional treatments, the presence of hyposiderinemia suggests that oral iron therapy could potentially lead to resolution of the urticaria symptoms.

OBJECTIVES:
(1). To estimate serum ferritin levels in patients with CSU. (2) To assess the correlation between urticarial activity score, autologous serum skin test (ASST), and serum ferritin levels in CSU.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective study enrolled 37 cases of clinically diagnosed CSU attending the dermatology outpatient department from December 2019 to November 2020 after Institutional Ethics Committee approval. ASST and serum ferritin level estimation were done on all patients. The severity of urticaria was calculated using the Urticaria Activity Score. Statistical analysis was done by frequency, standard deviation, and Chi-square test.

RESULTS:
Among ASST-positive patients, only 4 (19%) had low ferritin levels. No association was found between ASST and serum ferritin levels (P = 0.342). Mean serum ferritin levels in ASST-positive patients were high 91.34 ± 87.24 μg/L which was statistically significant compared to mean serum ferritin levels in ASST-negative patients 49.64 ± 46.91 μg/L. There was significant involvement of palms and soles in ASST-positive patients (P = 0.038).

CONCLUSION:
Although there was no significant correlation of serum ferritin levels with CSU, oral iron supplementation may be considered an add-on treatment in case of refractory urticaria.
Laparoscopic management of delayed traumatic left diaphragmatic hernia with intrathoracic kidney: A rare case report and technical aspects
Authors: Shenoy Ganesh K. , Thomas Marina , Shamburao Ramesh B. , Jan Nawab 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Occult traumatic diaphragmatic hernias (DHs) are relatively rare and may present years after the trauma. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic incidental findings on imaging to life-threatening incarceration of abdominal organs. Traumatic migration of the kidney into the thorax is a very uncommon event. We herein report a rare case of a 34-year-old male patient with a symptomatic DH secondary to a motor vehicle accident and a history of laparotomy for liver laceration 10 years back who underwent laparoscopic reduction and intraabdominal reposition of left kidney from thorax, suture repair of the defect with mesh reinforcement. Thoracoscopic visualization was performed to assess the efficiency and completeness of the repair and to rule out any iatrogenic pericardial injury after mesh fixation. The operative technique, difficulties encountered, and tips to overcome these challenges were discussed. With adequate expertise, reduction, and repositioning of migrated kidney, suture closure of the defect with mesh reinforcement is safe and feasible by laparoscopic approach.
Prevalence and Factors Predicting Nondiabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Subramani Vignesh , Venkatasubramanian Vaishnavi , Sethi Jasmine , Sekar Aravind , Nada Ritambhra , Rathi Manish 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Renal involvement in type 2 diabetes is mostly presumed to be due to diabetic nephropathy; however, a significant majority of diabetic patients can have pure nondiabetic kidney disease (NDKD) or NDKD superimposed on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Kidney biopsy cannot be routinely performed for all diabetic patients, and hence, short of conclusive biomarkers, we need to explore various factors that can predict the occurrence of NDKD.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of all native kidney biopsies conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes at our institute to identify the prevalence and factors that predict NDKD. The demographic data, clinical data, laboratory parameters, and histological results of the patients were obtained from their medical records. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive factors for NDKD.

Results:
We analyzed a total of 69 patients. The mean (standard deviation) age of the cohort was 51.94 ± 12.7 years and males constituted the majority (68%). Patients with pure DKD, pure NDKD, and NDKD superimposed on DKD constituted 46.3%, 33.3%, and 20%, respectively, of the cohort. Around two-third of pure DKD patients in our cohort had diabetic retinopathy (DR), whereas only around one-fifth (26%) of pure NDKD patients had DR (P = 0.005). Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) was the most common histological lesion in the NDKD group (43%), followed by acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) (17.3%). Among combined DKD and NDKD, the most common histological diagnosis was pyelonephritis (28.6%), followed by MGN and ATIN (14.3%). Independent factors predicting NDKD were shorter duration of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, confidence interval [CI] =0.59–0.94, P = 0.01) and absence of DR (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.09–0.26, P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
Kidney biopsy revealed NDKD in nearly half of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, especially in those with short duration of diabetes and absence of DR. Kidney biopsy is strongly recommended for T2DM patients with atypical presentation and in the absence of DR.
Clinical Utility of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases
Authors: Joshi Ambarish , Sujatha Gorle , Gupta Nitesh , Kumar Rohit , Sen Manas Kamal , Ish Pranav , Rathi Vidushi , Popalwar Harshanand 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) can help in improving the exercise capacity and quality of life (QoL) in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs), even in end-stage lung diseases listed for lung transplant. With the paucity of literature from the Indian population, the current study assessed PR’s benefits on the respiratory functions and exercise capacity in DPLD.

Methods:
This prospective interventional study was conducted over 18 months in patients with diagnosed stable DPLD who were previously not involved in any PR program. All the enrolled patients underwent 12-week in-hospital, supervised PR program, which included exercise training with increasing load, endurance training, resistance training, flexibility training, and stretching. The patients were evaluated for the measures at baseline and after 12 weeks of a rehabilitation program.

Results:
There was a significant improvement in respiratory capacity forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), 6-min walk distance (6MWD), Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC), and total St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire scores (P < 0.05) after the completion of the PR program. Among the outcome parameters, there were no significant differences in the PO2 and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio (P > 0.05) etiologically; the improvement was significant for all outcome parameters except MMRC and symptom score in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) group (P = 0.165). In the non-IPF group, the improvement was significant for all outcome parameters except PO2 (P = 0.9). On multivariate linear regression, age was the only independent factor for 6MWD (P = 0.0002; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.019–−1.665) and MMRC (P = 0.005; 95% CI: 0.007–0.037).

Conclusion:
This study reveals that PR is effective for people with DPLD in decreasing the symptoms and improving the exercise capacity and QoL. Clinical improvement is greater in those with non-IPF compared to IPF, but both groups as a whole achieved clinically significant improvements. An adaptation of the PR regimen as per age may be necessary for optimizing the clinical benefits.
Dietary Assessment of Tuberculosis Patients Receiving Treatment at a Tertiary Care Center in New Delhi
Authors: Nath Ravindra , Ahmad Aftab , Debnath Aninda , Rathi Vidushi , Ish Pranav 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Undernutrition and tuberculosis (TB) are interrelated, with a bidirectional relationship. Despite its potential impact on nutritional status and TB patient outcomes, there is limited information available on the dietary patterns of TB patients in the Indian TB program. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by evaluating dietary patterns and factors associated with reduced dietary intake among TB patients in a tertiary care center.

Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a directly observed treatment short center working under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program. A semi-structured, pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data related to the demographic profile and dietary patterns of 49 patients.

Results:
The mean calorie intake among the patients was 1525.2 (±897) kcal, whereas the required mean calorie intake was 2231.6 (±409.2) kcal. The mean protein requirement was 66.9 (±15.2) g, whereas the mean protein intake was only 39.2 (±15.4) g.

Conclusion:
To strive toward the goal of TB elimination in India, the nutritional care of the patient cannot be undermined. The need of the hour is to enforce the nutritional supplementation as well as support program by the government at the national level.
Comparative Evaluation of Masseter and Buccinator Muscle Activity using Electromyography in Denture Wearer and Nondenture Wearer by Fabricating Dentures with Neutral Zone Technique – An In vivo Study
Authors: Dafade Anagha , Dhamande Mithilesh , Sathe Seema , Borle Anjali Bhoyar , Shinde Dipak , Balwani Tanvi 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
The objective of this study was to analyze buccinator and masseter muscle activity in previous denture wearer and nondenture wearer wherein dentures were constructed with neutral zone technique; however, complete dentures for patients with no history of previous dentures can be made with a neutral zone technique for improved stability.

Methodology:
A total of 50 patients were included in this study among which, Group A consisted of a total of 25 patients, who were old denture wearer and for whom a new denture was fabricated with the neutral zone technique. Group B consisted of 25 patients who were first-time denture wearer for whom a new denture was fabricated with a neutral zone technique.

Results:
The muscle activity does not significantly differ in previous denture and nondenture wearers. However, complete dentures for patient with no history of previous dentures can be made with a neutral zone technique for improved stability.

Conclusions:
Buccinator and masseter muscle activities significantly differ due to morphological changes that occurred in denture wearers and nondenture wearers.
Reproducibility of Sagittal Condylar Path Inclination Assessed by Protrusive Interocclusal Record with Two Different Techniques of Facebow Registration
Authors: Jain Ajay , Ugrappa Sridevi , Hui Ooi Jia , Jun Ooi Wan , Ting Pang Siao 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
The purpose is to validate whether the data obtained for sagittal condylar inclination are correctly reproduced on the semi-adjustable articulator using protrusive interocclusal records for conventional facebow registration method (orbitale (OR) as an anterior point of reference) and facebow registration using bubble leveler (BL) as an anterior point of reference and compared these values with the values obtained by lateral cephalogram (gold standard).

Materials and Methods:
In total, 30 individuals (20 males and 10 females) with proper teeth alignment, facebow registrations were recorded using OR as an anterior point of reference (Group A, conventional technique) and WBL as an anterior point of reference (Group B). The sagittal condylar path inclination was measured and compared using protrusive interocclusal records for both the groups. These values compared with the values for sagittal condylar path inclination obtained using lateral cephalogram (Group C) using one-way analysis of variance (P < 0.05).

Results:
There was no statistically significant differences observed in the values of sagittal condylar inclination for all three groups with P = 0.583.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that BL technique can be used for the orientation of maxillary cast on the semi-adjustable articulator as accurately as the conventional approach, for those practitioners who find difficulty in locating the OR for those patients with deformity in facial region. Lateral cephalogram provides almost the same measurements of sagittal condylar path inclination as obtained using protrusive interocclusal record on facebow registrations using OR and BL as an anterior point of references.