bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are safety and reliability two contradicting parameters?
Authors: Speth Christian , Han Pat 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe nameplate capacity of chemical plants, and in particular ammonia plants, has been steadily increasing over the past 30 years. As the plant capacity grows, so does the cost of an unscheduled production stop. Furthermore, the safety awareness in chemical complexes has been steadily increasing, resulting in more complex trip systems. This article analyzes the complexity of the control system using tools known from safety integrity level (SIL) analysis, and it describes how the plant availability and reliability may be affected by the selection of different control philosophies. This study concludes that a two out of three voting trip system is a sound investment in a modern plant, and that an even more advanced system will add benefit to the plant owners. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Root cause analysis of dust collector deflagration incident
Authors: Garland R. Wayne 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe root cause analysis for a deflagration incident in a large dust collector will be summarized. This includes evidence collection, development of the why tree, additional data collection, and follow‐up. Findings from this investigation illustrate the hazards of combustible dust and key preventative measures that can be used to prevent this type of incident. It also illustrates why combustible dust hazards should be considered in process changes made through management of change. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010
Ab initio Green's function calculation of hyperfine interactions for shallow defects in semiconductors
Authors: Gerstmann U. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe structural identification of shallow defects and the control of their concentration is one of the key ingredients in semiconductor technology. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is the most sensitive experimental technique to address this problem, but requires comparative theoretical simulation of the microscopic structures. Whereas the standard supercell approach provides an accurate first principles analysis of localized deep defects, the wave function of shallow dopants often extends over several thousands of atoms and has to be treated in an empirical one‐particle approach, the effective mass approximation (EMA). We report that modeling the shallow defects via a Green's functions approach allows an ab inito description of the so‐called central‐cell correction to EMA that accounts for the specific local part of the potential. The spatial distribution of the donor wave functions comes out within an accuracy that allows a prediction of hyperfine (hf) interactions including the Kohn–Luttinger oscillations within the ligand hf structure – an effect that in quantum computing plays a key role in the control of the exchange coupling of qubits in semiconductors. For phosphorus in silicon, we show that in strained material these Kohn–Luttinger oscillations are partially suppressed. Our results indicate that in contrast to the prediction of the EMA, there exists no high‐stress limit for the reduction of the central P‐related hf splitting. The application of the approach onto donors in SiC confirms an incorporation of the P atoms onto both, the silicon as well as the carbon sublattice, if the donors are incorporated far away from thermal equilibrium.
Lattice dynamics of layered semiconducting compound TlGaS2
Authors: Ulubey (Kulibekov) A. M. , Hashimzade F. M. , Huseinova D. A. , Nizametdinova M. A. , Orudzhev G. S. , Allakhverdiev K. R. , Yıldız N. T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn this paper we present the results of ab initio calculations of the lattice dynamics of ternary TlGaS2 semiconductor with highly anisotropic crystal structure. Calculations have been performed using the open‐source code ABINIT on the basis of density functional theory within the plane‐wave pseudopotential approach. The results are discussed in terms of previously existing experimental data. Calculated frequencies of the phonon modes at the center of the Brillouin zone, as well as calculated IR reflection spectra in the range of 15–500 cm−1, are in reasonable agreement with existing experimental data. The theoretical temperature dependence (up to room temperature) of the heat capacity is in good agreement with experimental data.
Rich pictures: a means to explore the ‘sustainable mind’?
Authors: Bell Simon , Morse Stephen 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTThe European Union Framework Package 7 project POINT (Policy Influence of Indicators) is exploring the use of indicators in several domains (most specifically sustainable development) to see how their value and ultimate usefulness can be maximized. One key aspect of POINT is to assess the ways in which groups and communities work to make the greatest use of information. Using an innovative methodology called ‘Triple Task’, the authors are applying a three‐cornered approach to gain an understanding of how groups work, how they assesses themselves and how they appear to function from an external perspective.In this paper, the first stage of Triple Task is described and explored. Task One is effectively a ‘soft’ means for a group to work together on problem identification and action planning, and the key to this is the device known as the Rich Picture. Rich Pictures have been used in group work for over 30 years, primarily as a means for the group to express its preliminary vision concerning a matter of common concern, but so far they have not been applied as a means to explore the conscious and unconscious workings of a group nor have they been assessed in terms of their content and ‘message’.By understanding the group mind as represented in a picture the authors begin to gain a deeper understanding of the group's own potential to use and exploit information of all kinds and to move towards a deeper ‘Sustainable Group Mind’, and a more focused means to problem solve. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sharing experiments using open‐source software
Authors: Nelson Adam , Menzies Tim , Gay Gregory 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhen researchers want to repeat, improve or refute prior conclusions, it is useful to have a complete and operational description of prior experiments. If those descriptions are overly long or complex, then sharing their details may not be informative. OURMINE is a scripting environment for the development and deployment of data mining experiments. Using OURMINE, data mining novices can specify and execute intricate experiments, while researchers can publish their complete experimental rig alongside their conclusions. This is achievable because of OURMINE's succinctness. For example, this paper presents two experiments documented in the OURMINE syntax. Thus, the brevity and simplicity of OURMINE recommends it as a better tool for documenting, executing, and sharing data mining experiments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Ultra‐Hochvakuumsystem bei DESY 1. Teil: Das Vakuum der Elektronen‐Beschleuniger
Authors: Grotelüschen Frank 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie Strahlrohe von HERA und DORIS sowie der Vorbeschleuniger und Transportwege bilden ein über 13 km langes Ultra‐Hochvakuumsystem. Zum ersten Mal wurde für die Vakuumkammern des Elektronenringes von HERA eine Kupfer‐Zinn‐Legierung verwendet, was neue Fertiglings‐ und Löttechniken erforderte. In einem 15 m langen Spezialofen wurden zwei Kanäle — einer für die integrierten Ionenzerstäuberpumpen, der andere für die Wasserkühlung — rechts und links an die eigentliche Kammer gelötet. Über 1400 bis zu 12 m lange Strahlrohre wurden so bei DESY unter Verwendung von vorzugsweise elektischem Silber‐Kupfer‐Lot hergestellt. Die Verbindungsstücke sind flexible Kompensatoren aus rostfreiem Stahl. Durch speziell entwickelte, hochfrequenzabgeschirmte “Schott‐Ventile” ist das 6336 m lange Strahlrohr in 41 autonome Vakuumabschnitte unterteilt. Für die Lecksuche kommen in dem unterirdischen Ringtunnel tragbare magnetische Helium‐Massenspektrometer zum Einsatz. Während des Beschleunigerbetriebs wird das Vakuum in einem zentralen Kontrollraum ständig überwacht und elektronisch ferngesteuert.
Clustertools — ein neues Anlagenkonzept für die Schichtherstellung in der Mikroelektronik
Authors: Kücher Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEine neue Anlagengeneration für Abscheide‐ und Ätzprozesse bei der Chipherstellung in der Mikroelektronik hat sich etabliert. Die Systeme erlauben die Integration mehrerer Prozeßschritte wie Reinigung, Abscheidung, Ätzung und Temperung in einem Vakuumsystem.Der Einsatz wird wesentlich durch die technologische Notwendigkeit der Beherrschung von Grenzflächen im Nanometerbereich sowie der Reduzierung von Partikeln vorangetrieben. Sie bieten aber auch Vorteile bei der Steuerung eines immer komplexeren Fertigungsprozesses mit einer zunehmenden Anzahl von Prozeßschritten und einer größeren Produktvielfalt. Hohe Anforderungen werden an die Zuverlässigkeit der Systeme gestellt.
Berechnung von Auspumpkurven mit Hilfe der Analogie von Gasstrom und elektrischem Strom
Authors: Fikes Ladislav 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf die Analogie zwischen elektrischen und vakuumtechnischen Größen und Gleichungen hingewiesen, die es ermöglichen, vereinfachte und schnelle Berechnungen in der Vakuumtechnik vorzunehmen. Dies wird an mehreren Beispielen illustriert.
Cold plasmas in reactive physical and chemical vapour deposition processes
Authors: Pulker Hans K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractProgress in plasma chemistry and plasma physics set up possibilities to fabricate high quality compound films for various applications by low‐temperatur PVD and CVD techniques. Industrial ion platting processes for the production of wear resistant coatings on tools and machine parts and of hard and stabile optical coatings as well as a plasma polymerization process for the production of protective coatings on plastics are described.
Stereotypic behavior in wild marine carnivores?
Authors: Miller L.J. , Kuczaj S. , Herzing D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractStereotypic behavior is observed in many species within zoological institutions. Attempts to reduce such behavior typically involve some form of environmental enrichment that provides opportunities for species appropriate behavior or some degree of control within the environment. However, environmental enrichment has never been completely successful in eliminating stereotypic behavior for an entire group of animals within a zoological facility. In the wild, stereotypic behavior is rarely observed. Documenting the occurrence of stereotypic behavior in the wild, and circumstances in which it occurs, could help provide insight into the causes of such behavior within zoological institutions. The following commentary details the observations of wild lemon sharks (Negaprion brevirostris) engaging in a stereotyped swimming pattern behind a research vessel north of Grand Bahama Island, Bahamas. We consider a possible explanation for the sharks' behavior and hope to stimulate conversation as well as increase examination of animal management routines in zoological facilities. Zoo Biol 30:365–370, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of Spacer Nature on the Aggregation Properties of Anionic Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zhu Sen , Liu Lijuan , Cheng Fa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of anionic gemini surfactants with the same structure except the spacer nature have been studied. Their solution properties were characterized by the equilibrium surface tension and intrinsic fluorescence quenching method. The critical micelle concentrations (CMC), surface tension at cmc, C20, and the micelle aggregation number (N) were obtained. The surface tension measurements indicate that these gemini surfactants have much lower cmc values and great efficiency in lowering the surface tension of water compared with those of conventional monomeric surfactants. Furthermore, the standard free energy of micellization for anionic gemini surfactants was also determined. The results showed that the nature of the spacer has an important effect on the aggregation properties of gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions. The surfactant with a hydrophilic, flexible spacer was more readily able to form micelle compared with the surfactant with a hydrophobic, rigid spacer, which leads to a lower CMC value, larger N, more negative free energy of micellization, and a more closely packed micelle structure.
Assessing the immunization status of pediatric cochlear implant recipients using a state‐maintained immunization registry
Authors: Ou Henry , Cleary Patricia , Sie Kathleen 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the use of a state‐maintained database (CHILD Profile) to monitor immunization status of pediatric cochlear implant recipients, and to assess compliance with current vaccination recommendations for cochlear implant users managed at Seattle Children's Hospital.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGTertiary academic pediatric hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSSubjects were 260 patients with cochlear implants managed at Seattle Children's Hospital between July 1, 1995, and May 1, 2008. Patients were stratified by age groups (0–2 years, 2–5 years, 5–10 years, > 10 years). Using a statewide children's immunization registry (CHILD Profile), subjects were assessed with regard to their immunization status for Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccination (HiB), 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV‐7), and 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV‐23).RESULTSTwo hundred twenty‐five of 260 subjects (87%) were registered in CHILD Profile; 126 of 225 (56%) were up to date with CDC recommendations for patients with cochlear implants. PPV‐23 was the vaccination most likely to be incomplete. Age was predictive of immunization status only with HiB vaccination.CONCLUSIONA statewide immunization registry can be used to monitor the immunization status of cochlear implant recipients. Subjects were significantly more likely to be incomplete for PPV‐23 than for either PCV‐7 or HiB vaccinations.
A trigger tool fails to identify serious errors and adverse events in pediatric otolaryngology
Authors: Lander Lina , Roberson David W. , Plummer Katrina M. , Forbes Peter W. , Healy Gerald B. , Shah Rahul K. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVETo identify and quantify errors and adverse events on an inpatient academic tertiary‐care pediatric otolaryngology service, a trigger tool was developed and validated as part of a quality improvement initiative.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective record review.SETTINGChildren's Hospital Boston quality improvement initiative.SUBJECTS AND METHODSFifty inpatient admissions were reviewed. The gold standard for errors and adverse events identification was a detailed chart review by two board‐certified otolaryngologists blinded to trigger tool findings.RESULTSTrigger tool interrater reliability ranged from poor to high for admission triggers (kappa = 0.35, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] —0.07 to 0.76), discharge triggers (kappa = 0.63, 95% CI 0.27–0.99), medical records triggers (kappa = 0.61, 95% CI 0.11–1.00), and medication triggers (kappa = 0.90, 95% CI 0.71–1.00). Errors and adverse events were found in all admissions: three percent were potentially harmful, and 93 percent were documentation‐related.CONCLUSIONThe trigger tool was successful in identifying clerical and administrative errors and adverse events but failed to identify complex errors and adverse events. A hybrid approach for chart review may be cost‐effective in pediatric otolaryngology.
Antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from otorrhea of chronic suppurative otitis media patients
Authors: Lee Sun Kyu , Lee Mi Suk , Jung Su Young , Byun Jae Yong , Park Moon Suh , Yeo Seung Geun 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVEPseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is one of the most common pathogenic bacteria in hospital‐acquired infections and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Drug resistance of PA has been found to increase along with its frequency. We sought to determine the isolation rate and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of PA from otorrhea of CSOM and general clinical samples.STUDY DESIGNCross‐sectional study.SETTINGCSOM patients had been treated at six hospitals. General clinical samples were from a single tertiary teaching hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSWe assessed 1103 CSOM patients treated at six hospitals and 3177 clinically pustular samples from one tertiary teaching hospital in Korea from 2004 to 2008.RESULTSPA was the organism most frequently isolated from otorrhea patients (25.8%), with the annual isolation rate remaining constant over time. In contrast, PA was isolated from 11.2 percent of general clinical samples, and the annual PA isolation rate from general clinical samples decreased over time. The PA isolation rate from otorrhea was significantly higher than that from general clinical samples. PA isolates from both otorrhea and general clinical samples showed similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns, but susceptibilities to a few antibiotics were quite different. Although the annual PA isolation rate from general clinical samples from a single hospital tended to decrease over time, the rate from otorrhea samples did not.CONCLUSIONChanges in isolation rate and susceptibility patterns of PA suggest the need for regular surveillance of PA isolates, including antibiotic susceptibility tests, to choose empirical antibiotics and reduce the spread of multidrug‐resistant strains.
Augmentation mentoplasty with osteocartilaginous nasal graft
Authors: Cingi Cemal , Songu Murat , Thomas J. Regan 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVEAugmentation mentoplasty is a common procedure, applied especially in conjunction with rhinoplasty. Although various materials have been used, autogenous nasal hump tissue has not been studied in a big series of patients. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the use of autogenous nasal hump in chin augmentation.STUDY DESIGNCase series with chart review.SETTINGUniversity hospital.SUBJECTS AND METHODSThe osteocartilaginous mentoplasty procedure was performed in 124 patients along with rhinoplasty in a series of 218 patients who had undergone combined rhinoplasty and mentoplasty with various techniques. The median follow‐up was 58 months (range, 12–120 months) over a 10‐year period. The procedure commenced under general anesthesia for all patients with large humps and poor chin projection. During the rhinoplasty procedure, the osteocartilaginous nasal hump was removed, tailored to achieve an anatomic mental form, and inserted into the mental pocket through a submental or an intraoral incision. RESULTS: Infection was detected in five patients, two of whom required graft removal. All other patients recovered normally along an almost painless process, without displacements or any other complaints.CONCLUSIONNasal hump in reduction rhinoplasty is a useful alternative for augmentation mentoplasty on patients with large humps and poor chin projection. It also avoids all the disadvantages of alloplastic materials and eases integration compared with other alternatives in selected cases.
Extracts from The Cochrane Library: Tonsillectomy for periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis syndrome (PFAPA)
Authors: Kuppersmith Ronald B. , Schams Scott T. , Rosenfeld Richard M. 
Published: September 2010

The “Cochrane Corner” is a quarterly section in the journal that highlights systematic reviews relevant to otolaryngology– head and neck surgery, with invited commentary to aid clinical decision making. This installment features a Cochrane Review titled “Tonsillectomy for periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis syndrome (PFAPA),” which suggests beneficial effects of surgery for up to 18 months, but also cautions that the risks of intervention must be balanced against a favorable natural history.
A Quillen model structure for Gray-categories
Authors: Lack Stephen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA Quillen model structure on the category Gray-Cat of Gray-categories is described, for which the weak equivalences are the triequivalences. It is shown to restrict to the full subcategory Gray-Gpd of Gray-groupoids. This is used to provide a functorial and model-theoretic proof of the unpublished theorem of Joyal and Tierney that Gray-groupoids model homotopy 3-types. The model structure on Gray-Cat is conjectured to be Quillen equivalent to a model structure on the category Tricat of tricategories and strict homomorphisms of tricategories.
Encystment and excystment of the paramphistomid trematode Zygocotyle lunata
Authors: LeSage K.E. , Fried B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study reports further observations on encystment and excystment of the paramphistomid trematode Zygocotyle lunata. Of numerous substrates tested in the laboratory for cercarial encystment, i.e. plastic and glass dishes, Styrofoam™, aluminium foil, snail shells, and cheesecloth, all but cheesecloth allowed for 100% encystment within 4 h of cercarial release at 28°C. Numerous physical and chemical factors were tested to kill cysts, and their capacity to do so was determined by the subsequent inability of cysts to excyst within a chemical excystment medium. Vinegar, Italian salad dressing, soy sauce and 10% solutions of sucrose, acetic acid and sodium chloride were the most detrimental. Freezing, boiling and storage of cysts for more than 2 years also killed them. Several marinades such as lemon juice, Worcestershire sauce, and various concentrations of potassium permanganate, did not kill the majority of cysts tested. Since Z. lunata is a potential foodborne trematode for humans and animals, it is important to determine suitable ways to control or kill these cysts.