bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and overactive bladder (OAB) by racial/ethnic group and age: Results from OAB‐POLL
Authors: Coyne Karin S. , Sexton Chris C. , Bell Jill A. , Thompson Christine L. , Dmochowski Roger , Bavendam Tamara , Chen Chieh‐I , Quentin Clemens J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence of LUTS and OAB in a large, ethnically diverse US study.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, population‐representative survey was conducted via the Internet in the US among 10,000 men and women aged 18–70 (2,000 African‐Americans [AA], 2,000 Hispanics, 6,000 whites). The LUTS tool assessed how often participants experienced LUTS during the past 4 weeks on a five‐point Likert scale. OAB was defined by the presence of urinary urgency ≥ “sometimes” or ≥ “often,” and/or the presence of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate group differences. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the impact of racial/ethnic group on OAB.ResultsResponse rate, 56.7%. Prevalent LUTS included terminal dribble and nocturia across gender, post‐micturition leaking (men), and stress incontinence (women). Prevalence of OAB ≥ “sometimes” and ≥ “often” were 17% and 8% in men and 30% and 20% in women—with significantly higher rates among AA men and women. A similar trend was found for UUI among men (AA, 10%; Hispanic and whites, 6%), while AA and white women had higher prevalence of UUI (19%) as compared to Hispanic women (16%). In logistic regression analyses, AA and Hispanic men and women were significantly more likely than whites to have OAB despite having lower prevalence of self‐reported comorbid conditions and risk factors.ConclusionsLUTS and OAB are highly prevalent in both men and women and increase with advancing age. Further, racial/ethnic group is a robust predictor of OAB in men and women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 230–237, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotypic regional functional imaging patterns during memory encoding in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Browndyke Jeffrey N. , Giovanello Kelly , Petrella Jeffrey , Hayden Kathleen , Chiba‐Falek Ornit , Tucker Karen A. , Burke James R. , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundReliable blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) phenotypic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are likely to emerge only from a systematic, quantitative, and aggregate examination of the functional neuroimaging research literature.MethodsA series of random‐effects activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta‐analyses were conducted on studies of episodic memory encoding operations in AD and MCI samples relative to normal controls. ALE analyses were based on a thorough literature search for all task‐based functional neuroimaging studies in AD and MCI published up to January 2010. Analyses covered 16 fMRI studies, which yielded 144 distinct foci for ALE meta‐analysis.ResultsALE results indicated several regional task‐based BOLD consistencies in MCI and AD patients relative to normal control subjects across the aggregate BOLD functional neuroimaging research literature. Patients with AD and those at significant risk (MCI) showed statistically significant consistent activation differences during episodic memory encoding in the medial temporal lobe, specifically parahippocampal gyrus, as well superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, and cuneus, relative to normal control subjects.ConclusionsALE consistencies broadly support the presence of frontal compensatory activity, medial temporal lobe activity alteration, and posterior midline “default mode” hyperactivation during episodic memory encoding attempts in the diseased or prospective predisease condition. Taken together, these robust commonalities may form the foundation for a task‐based fMRI phenotype of memory encoding in AD.
Influence of different implant materials on the primary stability of orthodontic mini‐implants
Authors: Pan Chin‐Yun , Chou Szu‐Ting , Tseng Yu‐Chuan , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Wu Chao‐Yi , Lan Ting‐Hsun , Liu Pao‐Hsin , Chang Hong‐Po 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis study evaluates the influence of different implant materials on the primary stability of orthodontic mini‐implants by measuring the resonance frequency. Twenty‐five orthodontic mini‐implants with a diameter of 2 mm were used. The first group contained stainless steel mini‐implants with two different lengths (10 and 12 mm). The second group included titanium alloy mini‐implants with two different lengths (10 and 12 mm) and stainless steel mini‐implants 10 mm in length. The mini‐implants were inserted into artificial bones with a 2‐mm‐thick cortical layer and 40 or 20 lb/ft3 trabecular bone density at insertion depths of 2, 4, and 6 mm. The resonance frequency of the mini‐implants in the artificial bone was detected with the Implomates® device. Data were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05). Greater insertion depth resulted in higher resonance frequency, whereas longer mini‐implants showed lower resonance frequency values. However, resonance frequency was not influenced by the implant materials titanium alloy or stainless steel. Therefore, the primary stability of a mini‐implant is influenced by insertion depth and not by implant material. Insertion depth is extremely important for primary implant stability and is critical for treatment success.
Displaying opinions: Topics and disagreement in focus groups
Authors: Myers Greg 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTFocus group discussions are now widely used for gathering data, in social science as well as in commercial marketing and public opinion research. One appeal of focus groups is that in some ways they seem like everyday talk, but their effectiveness depends on a tension between the moderator's constraints and participants' interaction. The moderator introduces and defines topics, but participants can shift, close, and interpret them. The moderator elicits disagreement in a way specific to focus groups, but participants manage their disagreement. Thus we see not simple control by the moderator, but a complex collaborative project operating under the shared assumption that the purpose of the discussion is to display opinions to the moderator. These findings extend the analysis of conversation in institutional settings and contribute to a methodological critique of the reification of attitudes and opinions in some social science research. (Focus group techniques, conversation, discourse analysis, interaction, agreement, topic, laughter, environment.)
Stereotypes and registers of honorific language
Authors: Agha Asif 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTHonorific registers are formally discrete but functionally stratified systems, in the sense that an apparently bounded set of linguistic forms allows language users to calculate many concurrent aspects of the pragmatic context of language use. This paper argues that native stereotypes about language structure and use play a critical role in formulating the pragmatic value(s) of register systems. The linguist can neither isolate the forms belonging to a register, nor explain their significance in use, independently of appeal to native stereotypes about language. The paper discusses methods for the empirical study and analysis of such stereotypes. Stereotypes that formulate the social identity of language users play a special role within register systems, grounding the significance of pragmatic acts in the attributes of pragmatic actors. Much of the discussion focuses on how such stereotypes are formulated and what their social consequences are. (Honorifics, pragmatics, meta-pragmatics, stereotypes, registers, deference, identity, Tibetan)
The Nasal Artery Musculomucosal Cutaneous Flap in Difficult Palatal Fistula Closure
Authors: Rossell-Perry Percy , Arrascue Hector Mondragon 
Published: July 2012

Background After cleft palate repair is performed, oronasal fistulas are potential consequences with resultant regurgitation of fluid and food, hearing loss, and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Treatment of oronasal fistulas is a challenge for plastic surgeons especially when the fistulas are large and scarring is significant. The facial artery musculomucosal (FAMM) flap, introduced by Pribaz in 1992, is a reliable and useful procedure for the closure of wide palatal fistulas. A new modification of facial artery composite flap is presented here including a skin component that avoids extended procedures for nasal layer reconstruction and reduces the mucosal component size. The flap described here is the nasal artery musculomucosal (NAMMC) flap; the main blood supply comes from the lateral nasal artery, a terminal branch of facial artery. Methods We present a series of anteriorly and posteriorly based NAMMC flaps, which were used to close large palatal fistulas after cleft palate repair in 12 patients. Results All flaps were successful. One flap had an anterior wound dehiscence in a bilateral case, and we have seen no total flap failure or postoperative palatal fistulas. The aesthetic appearance of the skin donor site was acceptable in all cases. Conclusions The NAMMC flap is a good alternative for closing wide and recurrent fistulas. It is associated with a high rate of success. The traditional FAMM flap should be named as “nasal (lateral) artery musculomucosal flap” because the distal branch of the facial artery is the main blood supply of the flap.
Humanism and the Belief In Literature: Seeking A Grammar of Assent
Authors: Jasper David 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The journal Literature and Theology has its origins in the series of biennial conferences that survive to the present and began in the University of Durham in 1982. Their cultural and intellectual roots lay in the 19th century and in particular in the thought of S.T. Coleridge and J.H. Newman, and behind them the humanist tradition of Pascal and Erasmus. This essay reviews the contribution of five scholars to those conferences—John Coulson, Ulrich Simon, Martin Jarrett-Kerr, Peter Walker and F.W. Dillistone—and their influence on the early years of the journal.
What affects lifelong learning of scientists and engineers?
Authors: de Grip Andries , Smits Wendy 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to enrich the discussion on the determinants of training participation and informal learning of scientists and engineers (S&Es).Design/methodology/approachTobit analyses on survey data.FindingsThe authors find that both formal training and informal learning are particularly related to job and firm characteristics instead of labour supply characteristics. S&Es employed in firms that apply innovative production processes more often participate in formal training, and also benefit from the informal learning potential of their jobs. However, lifelong learning is not triggered in firms with many product innovations. S&Es who are employed in firms that operate on highly competitive markets also participate in formal training less often. The same holds for S&Es employed in small firms, although the latter compensate this by more hours of self‐teaching. S&Es employed in jobs that require a high level of technical knowledge more often participate in formal training, whereas those employed in jobs that require more general skills are more involved in informal learning. Furthermore, older S&Es with long firm tenures participate in formal training less often, and have fewer opportunities for learning in their jobs. Therefore, their competence level is at risk.Practical implicationsPublic policies that stimulate process innovation also appear to prevent skills obsolescence among S&Es. Public policies that aim to diminish labour market shortages of S&Es by discouraging early retirement should particularly take account of the necessity to keep the human capital of older S&Es with long firm tenures up to date.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of human capital development by including both formal training and different modes of informal learning; and employee characteristics as well as job and firm characteristics in its analyses.
Awareness, ownership and use of weblogs by librarians in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleke Akinniyi A. , Habila Jeremiah 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe paper aims to report the level of awareness, ownership and use of weblogs by librarians in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts a survey research approach using online survey software to elicit information on issues relating to librarians' awareness, knowledge, ownership and use of weblogs.FindingsData analysis shows that librarians demonstrate remarkable level of awareness and knowledge about weblogs and their benefits to professional practice and services but they neither own nor use the technology.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited by a low response rate to the survey. Less than 7 per cent of the members of the online NLA forum used for the data collection responded. This implies that internet culture is still in its formative stage among librarians in Nigeria.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes by enunciating the need for awareness creation, training and re‐training programmes for librarians to start creating and maintaining personal and institutional weblogs and other social networking media that could enhance professional practice and services.Social implicationsThe study promises to sensitize librarians and other information professionals in Nigeria and other developing countries to the social values of weblogs and similar technologies in terms of communication, networking, knowledge sharing and other usefulness.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to empirical research on library use of Web 2.0 technologies in Nigeria and literature in the field of library and information science.
Investigating consumers' responses to the Great Recession
Authors: Strutton David , Lewin Jeffrey 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis study aims to explore the economic impact of the Great Recession on consumers' economic attitudes and behaviors.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a questionnaire completed by 2,120 subjects. Eight propositions involving six constructs (i.e. “recessionary impact on others”, “economic knowledge”, “economic concerns”, “recessionary resignation” (as antecedents) and “financial prudence” and “propensity to postpone major purchases” (as outcomes)) and five consumer (age and gender) cohorts were tested through structural equation modeling.FindingsTen relationships, each grounded in behavioral economics theory, were tested. Nine were statistically significant. But unexpectedly, two significant relationships were negative. Specifically, their perceptions of “recessionary impact on others” and “economic concern” influenced consumers' financial prudence and major purchase postponement. As predicted, consumers' “recessionary resignation” influenced them to postpone major purchases, but did not impact their financial prudence. “Economic concerns” negatively influenced financial prudence, but failed to influence postponement. Financial prudence influenced propensity to postpone major purchases. Age status significantly influenced financial prudence and postponement, but only among the youngest (less than 29 years) and oldest (45+) cohorts. Results revealed the more women knew about the economy, the more inclined they were to postpone major purchases. Older women, in particular, were prone to recessionary resignation. Interestingly, the condition encouraged older women to be less financially prudent. Theoretical explanations for unexpected relationships are offered.Originality/valueManagerial recommendations for promoting and positioning products during or in the immediate aftermath of recessionary situations are developed.
Determinants of multinational banks’ subsidiary performance: the host and home country effects
Authors: Sufian Fadzlan 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide new empirical evidence on the performance of multinational banks as a subset of the eclectic theory.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs the least square method of random effects model (REM). The opportunity to use a random effects rather than a fixed effects model has been tested with the Hausman test. To control for cross‐section heteroscedasticity of the variables, the study employs White's transformation.FindingsThe empirical findings indicate that credit risk, overhead costs, income from non‐traditional sources, and loans intensity contribute positively to the profitability of the foreign subsidiaries. The results seem to suggest that the parent bank's branch networks exert positive influence on their foreign subsidiaries in India, while the size of the parent banks negatively influences their Indian subsidiaries’ performance.Research limitations/implicationsDue to its limitations, the present study could be extended in a variety of ways. First, future research could include more variables such as taxation and regulation indicators, and exchange rates as well as indicators of the quality of the offered services. Second, future studies could also examine the differences in the determinants of profitability between small and large or high and low profitability banks. Third, in terms of methodology, frontier optimization techniques such as the data envelopment analysis, the stochastic frontier analysis, and/or the Malmquist productivity index methods are recommended to examine the performance of the foreign subsidiaries of multinational banks operating in the Indian banking sector.Practical implicationsStudies on the potential benefit of foreign bank entry have been studied extensively. Still, little is known about in which type of country, and under which circumstances, foreign banks have an advantage over their domestic bank peers. Furthermore, Claessens and van Horen point out that the recent financial crisis has highlighted risks associated with cross‐border banking and foreign banks presence. These developments have led to greater interest among policy makers and academicians for more analyses to help guide regulatory reform.Originality/valueThe empirical works concerning multinational banking have mainly focused on the determinants and methods of multinational banks entry into foreign markets. On the other hand, empirical evidence on the performance of multinational banks as a subset of the eclectic theory is scarce. By using the whole gamut of foreign subsidiaries of multinational banks operating in the Indian banking sector during the period 2000 to 2008, the paper contributes to this line of the literature.
Naming businesses: names as drivers of brand value
Authors: Alserhan Baker Ahmad , Alserhan Zeid Ahmad 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new method to assess trade name distinctiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors implemented a two‐staged methodology. First, catchwords in trade names in the relevant database were identified and ranked according to how commonly they were used and, second, these names were classified into four distinct categories using clearly‐defined criteria based on their degree of similarity: champions (zero similarity), runners‐up (low similarity), wannabes (high similarity), and washouts (extreme similarity).FindingsThe proposed assessment method allows entrepreneurs to create names that are dissimilar to existing ones and hence support a company's later activities designed to enhance the reputation of the name and build brand equity. The scale is applicable in various business sectors.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited by: the number of names compared being relatively small, the terminology used to denominate the various scale levels could be revisited and other denominations might better reflect the levels. Due to its pioneering nature, the adopted approach needs to be validated by further studies, in particular, how does one assess whether the method is working adequately and, because the scale focuses on one attribute of the name, i.e. distinctiveness, other relevant attributes are not taken into consideration. The trade‐off between the various attributes was not within the scope of this study.Originality/valueThis is the only study in the field that provides a practical method for assessing trade name distinctiveness through providing actual examples of the possibility of name confusion or differentiation. The study also introduces new concepts for naming strategies such as catch words, trade name distinctiveness, distinctiveness scale, and the similarity indicator. Moreover, the study provides a new classification of characteristics of names that should or should not be used.
Statewide one‐day survey of central lines
Authors: Birnbaum David , Jarvis William , Pronovost Peter , Zarate Roxie 
Published: July 2012

PurposeThis paper aims to determine whether the rank order of hospitals changes when their central line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate is computed using a traditional proxy measure for the denominator (number of patients with one or more catheter in place) versus using the actual number of catheters or catheter‐lumens.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a statewide voluntary one‐day prevalence survey among all hospitals participating in Washington State's mandatory public reporting program. Hospitals counted the number of catheters and catheter‐lumens as well as patients with catheters. Counts of patients with one or more catheter in place, of catheters, and of catheter‐lumens were extracted from each hospital's completed survey form and transformed into a ratio. Three CLABSI incidence density rates were computed for each hospital by scaling their annual CLABSI rate in the previous calendar year by the ratio of patients to catheters to catheter‐lumens. Influence of these three different denominators on rank order of the hospitals was assessed by scaling the corresponding Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network incidence density rates for each participating hospital and examining position shifts with the Wilcoxon signed rank test.FindingsStatistically significant but only modest shifts in position became evident, which did not correlate with service complexity characteristics of the hospitals affected.Originality/valueOthers have shown that the CLABSI incidence density rate in a single hospital is significantly affected by switching from a traditional proxy measure denominator to a more meaningful denominator. This is the first report on whether all hospitals' rates would be affected in a uniform or a non‐uniform manner if a different denominator were to be selected by mandatory public reporting programs.