bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Release of native Trichogramma minutum to control grape berry moth
Authors: Nagarkatti Sudha , Tobin Patrick C. , Saunders Michael C. , Muza Andrew J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe studied the effects of inundative releases of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on economic injury by grape berry moth, Endopiza viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Trichogramma minutum originally collected from natural host populations near North East, Pennsylvania, was mass produced in tobacco hornworm hosts and Mediterranean flour moth. We released T. minutum in border rows, where grape berry moth infestation is typically high, of experiment field station and commercial vineyards from 1996 to 1999. We recorded significant reductions in economic injury in plots where parasitoids were released. In vineyards with low to moderate grape berry moth abundance, four releases during the growing season were adequate in reducing damage at harvest to below 3%. In high-risk vineyards, T. minutum releases reduced damage to levels below 15%. The use of buckwheat as a cover crop to provide nectar in combination with parasitoid releases showed potential benefits in parasitoid activity. A biocarrier and Biosprayer™ were used in mechanized parasitoid-release operations, and no adverse effect on parasitoid emergence was recorded from parasitized eggs using this approach.
Neotropical species ofDietta(Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Leiodinae: Estadiini)
Authors: Peck Stewart B. , Cook Joyce 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe genusDiettaSharp, 1876 was previously known in the Neotropics only byD. sharpiMatthews, 1887 from Panama. This paper describes a new subgenus ofDietta, Mesodiettasubgen. nov., occurring in Middle America and northern South America west of the Andes, composed ofD. (M.)sharpiMatthews and eight additional new species:D. (M.)esmeraldassp. nov.,D. (M.)latidenssp. nov.,D. (M.)lobidenssp. nov.,D. (M.)mesoamericasp. nov.,D. (M.)mexicanussp. nov.,D. (M.)puntarenassp. nov.,D. (M.)rectispinasp. nov., andD. (M).uncinatasp. nov.Additionally, seven new species ofDietta, subgenusDietta, are described:D. (D.)argentinensissp. nov.,D. (D.)atlanticasp. nov.,D. (D.)geraisensissp. nov.,D. (D.)guianasp. nov.,D. (D.)huanucosp. nov.,D. (D.)pauloensissp. nov., andD.(D.)sucumbiossp. nov.
Are bumble bee colonies in tomato greenhouses obtaining adequate nutrition?
Authors: Whittington Robin , Winston Mark L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractManaged bumble bees are important pollinators of greenhouse crops, but few studies have examined factors that affect the health and productivity of commercially produced colonies. We investigated whether supplemental feeding with diverse pollens affected worker longevity and colony size of Bombus occidentalis Greene (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in tomato (Solanaceae) greenhouses. We found no differences in colony worker populations, brood production, or queen and drone production between supplemented and nonsupplemented treatments, suggesting that B. occidentalis colonies obtain adequate nutrition from the tomato pollen available in greenhouses. Adult populations did not increase in any treatment, but either remained stable or declined after colonies were placed in greenhouses. Because brood-rearing increased in all treatments but adult populations did not, adult mortality due to a non-nutritional factor such as disease or disorientation appears to be an important problem limiting the size of bumble bee colonies, and thus the effectiveness of bumble bees for greenhouse tomato pollination.
Revision of the East AsianPlagiophorus hispidusspecies group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Cyathigerini)
Authors: Sugaya Hiroshi , Nomura Shûhei , Burckhardt Daniel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThehispidusspecies group is formed for four new species from East Asia of the genusPlagiophorusMotschulsky:P. hispidussp. nov.,P. hlavacisp. nov.,P. serratussp. nov., andP. grandoculatussp. nov.Uncoated specimens were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and micrographs of the holotypes are presented. Keys to the species groups of the genus occurring in East Asia and to the species of thehispidusgroup are given. Thehispidusgroup is probably monophyletic, having peculiar spinous setae on the male metasternum. The chaetotaxy of the labrum and clypeus is useful for distinguishing species ofPlagiophorus.
New synonymy and new sawfly host records for Cirrospilus vittatus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in North America
Authors: Huber John T. , Moreau Gaétan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCirrospilus flavoviridis Crawford, syn. nov., is synonymized under C. vittatus Walker. It is newly recorded as a solitary egg parasitoid from eggs of Neodiprion abietis Harris (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) on balsam fir, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. (Pinaceace), in New Brunswick and Newfoundland and from eggs of Neodiprion nanulus nanulus Schedl in Wisconsin.
Dry season parasitoids of adult corn leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) on irrigated maize in Mexico
Authors: Moya-Raygoza Gustavo , Kathirithamby Jeyaraney , Larsen Kirk J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractParasitoids of adult corn leafhoppers, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong et Wolcott), were studied in irrigated maize (Gramineae) growing during the dry season in Mexico. Dalbulus maidis was parasitized by Metadorylas spinosus (Hardy) (Diptera: Pipunculidae), Halictophagus naulti Kathirithamby et Moya-Raygoza (Strepsiptera: Halictophagidae), and Gonatopus bartletti Olmi (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) at 24 of the 54 sites where D. maidis were collected. Greater rates of parasitism occurred at higher elevations (R2 = 0.41) and at more southern latitudes (R2 = −0.52). Metadorylas spinosus is a previously unreported parasitoid of D. maidis, and this is the first report of H. naulti parasitizing Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) and Dalbulus gelbus DeLong. Gonatopus bartletti has the broadest geographic and temporal distribution of the parasitoids found.
Revision of the New World species of the genusMonomachusKlug (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Monomachidae)
Authors: Musetti Luciana , Johnson Norman F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe species of the genusMonomachusKlug occurring in the Americas are revised. The genus is found from Chile and Argentina north to the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas. A total of 20 species are considered to be valid and 9 are described as new:M. atratussp. nov.,M. aurifersp. nov.,M. cultratussp. nov.,M. exulsp. nov.,M. intonsussp. nov.,M. paulussp. nov.,M. satyrussp. nov.,M. serratussp. nov., andM. velatussp. nov.The speciesM. bicolorSzépligeti,M. cubicepsSchrottky,M. eurycephalusSchletterer,M. fuscator(Perty),M. glaberrimusSchletterer,M. klugiiWestwood,M. megacephalusSchletterer,M. pallescensSchletterer,M. porteriBrèthes,M. segmentatorWestwood, andM. variegatusSchletterer are redescribed.Monomachus lateralisWestwood is considered a nomen dubiumstat. nov.; a lectotype is designated forM. cubiceps; andMonomachus fuscator andinusSchulz is treated as a junior synonym ofM. fuscator,syn. nov.A key to the species of the New World and a checklist of the world species is provided.Monomachus fuscatorandM. eurycephalusare parasitoids of the coffee pestChiromyza vittataWiedemann (Diptera: Stratiomyidae, Chiromyzinae).
From parasitoid behavior to biological control: applied behavioral ecology
Authors: Roitberg Bernard D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA hypothetical parasitoid mass rearing facility is used to unite principles from behavioral ecology and biological control. The key to the problem is variation in the tendency of solitary parasitoids to superparasitize. Superparasitism affects individual and population parasitoid productivity, though not necessarily to the same degree. Herein, the interest is in determining conditions that will maximize parasitoid population productivity when superparasitism varies. To accomplish this, a combination of graphical marginal analysis (to provide an economic context), dynamic optimization models (to determine individual parasitoid superparasitism tendency), and functional response models (to determine parasitoid population productivity) has been used. Marginal analysis shows that marginal returns decrease with an increase in the number of parasitoids released but that the slope of the marginal returns curve depends upon the sensitivity of superparasitism to environmental conditions. In addition, results show that parasitoid responses can be highly nonlinear and, as such, can greatly affect optimal numbers of parasitoids released in a nonintuitive manner. This behavioral ecology approach greatly increases efficiency and predictability of parasitoid production.
Two new species of litter-inhabiting spiders of the genus Leptoneta from Korea (Araneae: Leptonetidae)
Authors: Kim Seung-Tae , Jung Myung-Pyo , Kim Hun-Sung , Lee Joon-Ho , Koo Han-Mo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo new species of litter-inhabiting leptonetid spiders from Korea are described: Leptoneta namkungisp. nov. from Mt. Buyong, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Leptoneta kwangreungensissp. nov. from Kwangreung, Gyeonggi-do.
Cumulative temperature requirements and development thresholds in two populations of Dicyphus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Gillespie David R. , Sanchez J. Antonio Sanchez , McGregor R.R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCumulative temperature requirements and development thresholds were determined for two populations of Dicyphus hesperus Knight, 1943 to compare their suitability for use in biological control in greenhouse vegetable crops. The populations were from near Summerland, British Columbia, Canada (49°36′N, 119°40′W, at 334 m elevation) and from near Woody, California, United States of America (35°42′N, 118°50′W, at 500 m elevation). Eggs of the California (CA) population had a higher cumulative temperature requirement for hatch than those of the British Columbia (BC) population. Males of the CA population had a slightly lower cumulative temperature requirement for development from hatch to adult than males of the BC population. The populations did not differ with respect to development thresholds. Males of the CA population experienced higher mortality during development at 35 °C than BC males or females of either population. Males and females of both populations developing at 35 °C were significantly smaller than those developing at more moderate temperatures. The differences between populations with respect to development were biologically trivial. With respect to the effects of temperature on development time under greenhouse conditions, the two populations appear to be equally suitable for use in greenhouses.
Ecology and management of Ericaphis fimbriata (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in relation to the potential for spread of Blueberry scorch virus
Authors: Raworth D.A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAphids were sampled in commercial blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae), fields in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, from 2001 through 2003. Ericaphis fimbriata (Richards), the dominant aphid, overwintered as eggs on blueberry and emerged in late February and March during bud break. Apterous adult fundatrices were found during April. The fundatrices produced both alate and apterous virginoparae. There was a positive curvilinear relationship between production of alatae and aphid density on flower clusters, but not on leaf terminals. Peak densities in late June or early July varied from 300 to 9000 aphids per plant in different fields, suggesting that there may be considerable variation in Blueberry scorch virus transmission rates among fields infected with the virus. Production of alate virginoparae (percentage of all fourth-instar aphids with wing pads) declined from May through August. Sexual morphs were produced in late September and October. The efficacy of postbloom insecticide applications in June, by growers, was variable. Experimental trials showed that dormant oil is not effective in preventing aphid emergence. Aphids on blueberry should be controlled before bloom, before alatae are produced and large populations occur, but the efficacy of this approach in reducing virus transmission needs to be tested.
Revision of the East Asian Plagiophorus fujiyamai species group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Cyathigerini)
Authors: Sugaya Hiroshi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe fujiyamai species group is formed for two East Asian species of the genus Plagiophorus Motschulsky, P. fujiyamai (Kubota) from Japan, South Korea, and China (Beijing) and P. subcorticarissp. nov. from Taiwan. The fujiyamai group is unique in that the antennal club is not excavated in the male and antennomere III has two distinct sutures. A key to the species of the fujiyamai group is given.
Attraction of male Pandemis limitata (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to natural and synthetic pheromone sources: importance for assessing communication disruption
Authors: DeLury Naomi C. , Judd Gary J.R. , Gardiner Mark G.T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn flight-tunnel assays in both clean and pheromone-permeated air, we compared attraction and behavioural responses of male Pandemis limitata (Robinson) to “calling” females, female pheromone gland extract (FGE), and synthetic sources of pheromone. In clean air, female-baited traps caught significantly more males than traps baited with rubber septa lures loaded with 10 or 100 µg of the known pheromone components ((Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac) and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate) blended in a 91:9 or 94:6 ratio. Traps baited with septa loaded with 500 µg of the 94:6 blend caught as many males as did female-baited traps. Proportions of males engaging in wing fanning, take-off flight, locking onto the plume, and upwind flight towards a rubber septum loaded with 100 or 500 µg of the 94:6 blend were not significantly different from proportions exhibiting these behaviours in response to calling females. Only 500 µg lures elicited as much source contact in the same time as did a calling female. In clean air, traps baited with FGE applied to filter paper at 5 or 10 female equivalents caught as many males as did calling females. In air treated with Z11-14:Ac applied as a pheromone disruptant, females attracted more males and did so sooner than did five equivalents of FGE on filter paper. Consequently, disruption of male orientation to calling females was significantly shorter (74 h) than disruption of orientation to FGE (146 h). However, FGE dispensed from a piezoelectric microsprayer at a rate equivalent to 50 pg of Z11-14:Ac·min–1 caught as many males as a calling female. At this delivery rate, two-choice microsprayer bioassays revealed that FGE containing the two known components at a 91:9 ratio was more attractive than a synthetic blend of these two pheromone components alone at the same ratio. In air permeated with Z11-14:Ac, disruption of orientation to this FGE lasted 74 h, equivalent to disruption of orientation to females. These results suggest the published two-component pheromone blend for P. limitata is likely incomplete, and in the absence of suitable synthetic attractants, we recommend use of calling females or FGE delivered using a microsprayer system for any laboratory examination of communication disruption in this species.
Comparison of two different box styles for mass rearing of Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a biological control agent of hemlock woolly adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
Authors: Conway Huge E. , Burton Karen B. , Hendrix Carolyn A. , Burgess LayLa W. , Culin Joseph D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand, is the number one threat to hemlock (genus Tsuga Carr.; Pinaceae) forests in eastern North America. Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaji et McClure), an introduced coccinellid from Japan, is a promising biological control agent for HWA. In mass rearing of S. tsugae, the main goals are to maximize adult beetle production, reduce the amount of human labor, and minimize production costs. Significantly higher adult S. tsugae production and survivorship from egg to adult were observed in a modified rearing box compared with a conventional rearing box. The 30 modified boxes produced 4400 more beetles than the 30 conventional boxes. Over time, egg to adult survivorship decreased because of larval cannibalism at densities above 1650 larvae per rearing box. Additionally, warmer weather conditions increased the number of insect and spider predators incidentally introduced via HWA-infested hemlock twigs. There was no significant difference in the time required to prepare modified and conventional boxes for initial introduction of eggs, but significantly less time was required to add water, honey, and HWA-infested twigs to the modified boxes. The additional cost and time required to add modifications to each box was compensated for by the increased number of adult S. tsugae produced and the time saved during the 35 days of scheduled maintenance as eggs hatched and larvae developed to adults.
Buprestid sampling at nests of Cerceris fumipennis (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) in southern Ontario: the first Canadian records of three buprestids (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Marshall Stephen A. , Paiero Steven M. , Buck Matthias 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThree buprestid species, Actenodes acornis (Say, 1836), Dicerca asperata (Laporte et Gory, 1837), and Dicerca lepida LeConte, 1857, are newly recorded from Canada on the basis of a collection of 57 buprestid specimens taken from females of the crabronid wasp Cerceris fumipennis Say, 1837 in Rondeau Provincial Park, Chatham-Kent region, Ontario, in July 2004. Nine additional buprestid species were taken from wasps that were intercepted as they approached their nests, demonstrating the effectiveness of C. fumipennis nest sites as sampling stations for buprestid beetles. We suggest that this sampling method could be applied to efficiently monitor the spread of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in eastern North America.
Life-history parameters and population dynamics of Ericaphis fimbriata (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum
Authors: Raworth D.A. , Schade Daynika 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDevelopment rate and age-specific fecundity and survival of Ericaphis fimbriata (Richards) virginoparae were determined during the spring on young leaves of blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L., as functions of temperature. The same traits were measured during the summer and the autumn on both young and mature leaves at 21.2 °C. The temperature threshold for development was 4.1 ± 0.5 °C (SE). For apterae, development time from birth to adult was 157.7 ± 5.9 day-degrees (dd). Proportional lengths of instars I–IV were 0.16, 0.14, 0.34, and 0.36, respectively. Adult life was 434.5 ± 17.5 dd and proportional lengths of the pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive periods were 0.05, 0.74, and 0.21, respectively. Mean fecundity was 23.6 ± 1.0 nymphs per female. Mean survival was 602.9 ± 14.6 dd, and more than 80% of apterae survived the peak reproductive period. Alate fecundity was 16.5 ± 3.2 nymphs per female and alate survival was 460.9 ± 47.5 dd. Leaf type and season of measurement had significant effects on development time and fecundity: development time was 158.2 dd (+4.9 upper asymmetric SE) on young V. corymbosum ‘Duke’ leaves in the spring but 312.4 dd (–16.9 lower asymmetric SE) on mature ‘Bluecrop’ leaves, the dominant leaf type, from a commercial field in the summer. Fecundity for the respective leaf types and seasons was 16.7 (–1.6) and 1.4 (+0.5) nymphs per female. From summer to autumn, development time increased on young ‘Duke’ and ‘Bluecrop’ leaves but decreased on mature ‘Bluecrop’ leaves; fecundity decreased on young ‘Duke’ and ‘Bluecrop’ leaves but remained at low levels on mature ‘Bluecrop’ leaves. A simulation model showed that seasonal changes in development time and fecundity were capable of reducing population growth rates to near zero depending on aphid distribution with respect to young and mature leaves. The results support a combined bottom-up and top-down view of aphid population regulation and suggest that control efforts should focus on the spring, when the population growth rate is maximal.
Giselia arizonica, a new genus and species of mite (Acari: Tarsonemidae) associated with bark beetles of the genus Pseudopityophthorus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America
Authors: Magowski Wojciech L. , Lindquist Evert E. , Moser John C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA new genus and species of the mite family Tarsonemidae, subfamily Tarsoneminae, is described and illustrated. Its systematic position among genera of Tarsoneminae and its host association with bark beetles of the genus Pseudopityophthorus Swaine, 1918 in North America are briefly discussed.
Olfactory and feeding preferences of Cryptorhynchus lapathi among hosts and nonhosts
Authors: Broberg Cynthia L. , Borden John H. , Gries Regine 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn British Columbia, native willows (Salix spp.) (Salicaceae) and, to a lesser extent, black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) (Salicaceae) are frequently attacked by the poplar and willow borer, Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) (Betulaceae), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), and bigleaf maple (Acer macrophyllum Pursh) (Aceraceae) are not attacked. We studied olfaction and feeding preferences in the laboratory and feeding, oviposition, and emergence in the field. Female C. lapathi preferred Scouler's willow (Salix scouleriana Barratt ex Hook.) over all other species by olfaction, but males did not discriminate between Scouler's willow and black cottonwood or trembling aspen. All species elicited at least some attraction in no-choice situations. Willow was generally preferred for feeding, but black cottonwood and red alder were also acceptable, unlike trembling aspen or bigleaf maple. In field caging experiments, adult weevils emerged from willow, black cottonwood, and red alder. We conclude that olfaction and feeding preferences are sufficiently powerful to mediate the frequent attack observed on native willows, the intermediate levels of attack on cottonwood, and the absence of attack on red alder. Successful development on red alder suggests that C. lapathi could expand its host range to include this species.