bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbar functional evaluation of pelvic bone sarcomas after surgical resection and spinal pelvic fixation: A clinical study of 304 cases
Authors: Shi Qianyu , Guo Wei , Ji Tao , Tang Xiaodong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsWe endeavored to introduce a novel scoring system (Lumbar Functional Index, LFI) capable of evaluating lumbar function in pelvic bone sarcoma patients who underwent surgical resection and spinal pelvic fixation, while simultaneously identifying the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of lumbar function impairment among these populations.Patients and MethodsA cohort of 304 primary bone sarcoma patients were recruited. The LFI was created based on the Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores. Lumbar function impairment was defined as LFI score ≥ 18 points, which was identified as high LFI. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and oncological outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThe cohort included chondrosarcoma (39.8%), osteosarcoma (29.9%), Ewing sarcoma (8.6%), bone‐derived undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (7.2%), giant cell tumor of bone (7.2%), chordoma (2.3%), and other bone sarcomas (5.0%). The LFI score exhibited significant negative correlation with common scoring systems of bone sarcoma. The incidence of high LFI was 23.0%. Patients with high LFI demonstrated a higher prevalence of type I + II + III + IV pelvic tumor, more sacrificed nerve roots and bilateral lumbar spine fixation during surgery, while lower percentage of R0 resection and local control of pelvic tumor. Decreased median overall survival (30 vs. 52 months, p < 0.001) and recurrence‐free survival (14 vs. 24 months, p < 0.001) time were observed in these patients. Type I + II + III + IV pelvic tumor and sacrificed nerve roots≥2 were identified as risk factors for high LFI, while R0 resection and local control were identified as protective factors.ConclusionThe LFI scoring system exhibited a significant negative correlation to current scoring systems. High LFI patients had worse prognosis and distinct characteristics. The risk factors of high LFI included type I + II + III + IV pelvic tumor and sacrificed nerve roots≥2, and the protective factors included R0 resection and local control.
Credit for military service in Colorado: A case study
Authors: Deickman Jeff , Mattox James , Morris Phillip A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the implementation of policies and practices related to prior learning assessment (PLA) for military training and experience in Colorado community colleges. Through conducting interviews and a document analysis, this case study aimed to provide policy and practice recommendations for states, systems, and institutions to consider for military enrollment and PLA.
Patients journey to diagnosis and treatment of oral mucosal lesions: A report on three cases
Authors: Homeida Lujain A. , Aldahlawi Salwa A. 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageDelays in diagnosis and management of patients with oral mucosal lesions have serious implications for the patients. Early referral and collaboration between HCPs and OM specialists are essential in improving patients' quality of life and outcomes.
Plenty of Space in the Backbone: Radical Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Sbordone Federica , Frisch Hendrik 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRadical polymerization is the most widely applied technique in both industry and fundamental science. However, its major drawback is that it typically yields polymers with non‐functional, non‐degradable all‐carbon backbones—a limitation that radical ring‐opening polymerization (rROP) allows to overcome. The last decade has seen a surge in rROP, primarily focused on creating degradable polymers. This pursuit has resulted in the creation of the first readily degradable materials through radical polymerization. Recent years have witnessed innovations in new monomers that address previous design limitations, such as ring strain and reactivity ratios. Furthermore, advances in integrating rROP with reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) have facilitated the incorporation of complex, customizable chemical payloads into the main polymer chain. This short review discusses the latest developments in monomer design with a focused analysis of their limitations in a broader historical context. Recently evolving strategies for compatibility of rROP monomers with RDRP are discussed, which are key to precision polymer synthesis. The latest chemistry surveyed expands the horizon beyond mere hydrolytic degradation. Now is the time to explore the chemical potential residing in the previously inaccessible polymer backbone.
The relationship between oral frailty and oral dysbiosis among hospitalized patients aged older than 50 years
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chin , Ku En‐Ni , Tsai Pei‐Fang , Lin Che‐Wei , Ko Nai‐Ying , Huang Shun‐Te , Wang Jiun‐Ling , Yang Yi‐Ching 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the relationship between oral frailty and oral dysbiosis among hospitalized patients aged ≥ 50 years.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted. Number of teeth, masticatory ability, articulatory oral motor skill, tongue pressure, swallowing pressure, and choking were used to assess oral frailty. Saliva samples were collected from the oral cavity for bacterial culture.ResultsA total 103 in patients enrolled and 53.4% suffered from oral frailty. Oral frailty was found to have a 3.07‐fold correlation with the presence of Enterobacterales in the oral cavity (p = 0.037), especially in poor articulatory oral motor skill, which showed at greater risk of Enterobacterales isolated from the oral cavity by 5.58‐fold (p = 0.01).ConclusionHalf of hospitalized patients was found to have oral frailty that was related to more Enterobacterales in the oral cavity. This evidence suggests that the enhancement of articulatory oral motor skills may serve as a potential strategy for mitigating the presence of Enterobacterales within the oral cavity.
New World dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) colonization of a recent Miocene insular territory: The case of Costa Rica
Authors: Kohlmann Bert , Salomão Renato Portela , Solís Ángel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCosta Rica emerged from the seas as a new geological territory during the Miocene as an insular archipelago. It later became part of a continental area once it became a segment of Central America. Two dung beetle genera that colonized this new territory from South and North America, Canthidium and Onthophagus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), are here studied, in the first analysis of a volcanic paleo‐archipelago, colonized from its emergence, and then later becoming terra firma. To assess their biodiversity distribution patterns, we analyzed the effect of biogeography, ecosystem origins, and body size on their altitudinal distribution patterns in three geographic basins of Costa Rica. Based on 32 years of collecting representing more than 158,000 specimens from 1017 localities, we undertook Generalized Linear Models of the two dung beetle genera to assess the effects of biodiversity and biogeographical distribution patterns. Canthidium and Onthophagus species ranged from 0 to 3000 m a.s.l., with an abrupt diversity decline at altitudes above 1500 m. Endemic species tended to show a higher altitudinal mean with a narrow altitudinal band distribution than non‐endemic dung beetle species. Although there was a trend of decreasing species body size with the increase in altitude, such a trend depended on the distribution pattern of the species group. This possible insular‐mediated endemicity mechanism has generated baffling biodiversity levels, considered the highest worldwide per unit area. Costa Rica is an expanse represented by a geographic overlap of two or more temporally disjunct areas and is not part of a natural transition zone. The effect of the insular Miocene origin of Costa Rica still pervades today, reflected by different insular syndromes shown by the dung beetle fauna. The importance of geological origins in generating biodiversity seems to have been an underrated criterion for conservation biology practices and should be considered ex officio.
Biochemical profile of Scenedesmus isolates, with a main focus on the fatty acid profile
Authors: Khodadadianzaghmari Faezeh , Jahadi Mahshid , Goli Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiochemical characterization of new microalgal strains that are isolated from diverse environmental conditions is an important starting point for the establishment of high‐quality feedstock for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. In this research study, the biochemical composition of three Iranian native subspecies of Scenedesmus microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus bijugusi, and Scenedesmus sp.), with the main focus on fatty acid composition, was studied. The results showed that the strain Scenedesmus bijugusi had the highest biomass productivity (48 g/L/d), biomass (0.73%), carbohydrate (13.97%), fat (16.27%), protein (44.04%), chlorophyll‐a (6.32 mg/g), and carotenoids (3.7 mg/g). The lipid profile also revealed that S. obliquus had the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acid (46.52%), ratio of ∑n‐3/∑n‐6 (5.96), ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SAF) (1.18), α‐linolenic acid (22.74%), hypocholesterolemia index (1.61), and low atherogenic index (0.34). S. bijugusi and S. obliquus, thus, showed a great promise in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications due to their appropriate high productivity, biopigment, protein, lipid, antioxidant activity, long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and α‐linolenic acid.
Together in sickness and in health: Spillover of physical, mental, and cognitive health among older English couples
Authors: Jain Urvashi , Ma Mingming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing data from eight waves of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging, we study the cross‐domain and cross‐spouse spillover of health among married adults aged 50 and above in England. We apply the system generalized method of moments to linear dynamic panel models for physical, mental, and cognitive health, controlling for individual heterogeneity and the influence of marriage market matching and shared environments. Our findings reveal bidirectional spillovers between memory abilities and mobility difficulty among men, as well as between depressive symptoms and mobility difficulty among women. Worsening mobility increases the risk of depression in men, but not vice versa. Additionally, gender‐specific cross‐spouse effects are observed. Women's mental health is significantly influenced by their spouse's mental health, while this effect is weaker for men. Conversely, men's mental health is notably affected by their spouse's physical health. These results highlight the importance of considering spillovers within families and across health domains when developing policies to promote health and reduce health disparities among the elderly population.
Investment in employee developmental climate and employees' continued online learning behaviors: A social influence perspective
Authors: Tan Jiahui , Zhu Cherrie Jiuhua , Zhang Mingqiong Mike 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the contemporary digital age, continued online learning behaviors have become indispensable for fostering employee development. However, the learning and development literature predominantly focuses on traditional instructor‐led approaches. It remains unclear how organizations can shape employees' learning behaviors, particularly in the context of online learning. The current study clarifies this underexplored research area by investigating how organizational investment in employee developmental climate (IEDC) can promote employees' continued online learning behaviors. Drawing on social influence theory and employing a multilevel research design, we find empirical support for our research model, which specifies that IEDC positively affects employees' continued online learning behaviors through the effect of normative pressure. The findings also reveal the moderating role of online learning facilitating conditions. Specifically, in firms characterized by higher levels of online learning facilitating conditions, the positive relationship between IEDC and normative pressure becomes more pronounced when compared to organizations with lower levels of such facilitating conditions.
Prediction of potential public health risk of the recent multicountry monkeypox outbreak: An update after the end declaration of global public health emergency
Authors: Haque Md. Aminul , Halder Angelina Samantha , Hossain Md. Jamal , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsA double‐stranded DNA virus called monkeypox virus (MPV) belonging to the Poxviridae family and Orthopoxvirus genus causes monkeypox (mpox) infection. This virus used to infect only Central, East, and West Africa. However, it has spread to an extent outside Africa recently. The range of MPV outbreaks was so high that on July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). About a year later, the WHO notified the end of a global public health emergency for mpox on May 11, 2023. Here, we aimed to assess the current pathogenicity and potential risk of MPV causing public health emergencies.MethodsWe searched information from published articles available in PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. We used monkeypox, mpox, monkeypox outbreak, and monkeypox virus as keywords during the literature search.ResultsMany new variants of MPV have emerged throughout the world that created PHEIC for mpox. Considering the low lethality and transmission rate, mpox is no longer a global public health threat. In addition, the availability of therapeutic and preventive measures helped the healthcare authorities fight the mpox infection in an efficient manner. In this review, we have portrayed the history and evolution of mpox from past to present and an idea of its future outcomes. Also, we have discussed the symptoms related to mpox and approved antiviral treatment strategies to fight off the infection in this piece. This review also emphasized the preventive guidelines set by the WHO for patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers to control the outbreak of mpox infection.ConclusionWe believe this article would give an idea about the potential public health threats of the recent multi‐country monkeypox outbreak to the healthcare authorities for taking measures accordingly.
MSFNet‐2SE: A multi‐scale fusion convolutional network for Alzheimer's disease classification on magnetic resonance images
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Xia Rongwei , Yang Baiyang , Zhang Jincan , Wang Jinchan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, and the early diagnosis and effective intervention of AD is essential for patients and doctors. Intelligence diagnosis based on magnetic resonance imaging and deep learning has become one of the useful methods for AD identification. To improve the diagnosis effect of AD in early stages, a novel multi‐scale classification model of AD, called MSFNet‐2SE, is proposed. First, a new multi‐scale fusion (MSF) feature extraction module is designed based on the idea of the feature maps split into feature subsets of Res2Net. Second, a channel attention module is embedded into the MSF module through integrating two Squeeze‐and‐Excitation (SE) blocks. Finally, a gradient centralization Adam optimizer is used to improve the model classification performance. Experimental results illustrate that, compared with other available state‐of‐the‐art classification models of AD, the proposed model has excellent classification performance. It is helpful to improve the clinical diagnosis efficiency.
Optimizing irrigation for cactus (Opuntia ficus‐indica) fodder production under drought conditions in Kerman, Iran
Authors: Najafinezhad Hamid , Javaheri Mohmmad Ali , Koohi Nader , Ravari Seid Zabihallah , Asgharipour Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater scarcity and droughts are major challenges for cattle production in Iran due to the resulting feed shortages. Cactus plants were studied for 3 years (2017–2019) for their agronomic and water productivity. The study used a four‐replication randomized block design. Normal, moderate drought stress and severe drought stress irrigation were applied in 2017. The irrigation depths applied to the cactus plants were established by referencing cumulative pan evaporation values, with 100, 140 and 180 mm in 2017; 140, 190 and 240 mm in 2018; and 160, 210 and 260 mm in 2019, representing the total depth of water added during each irrigation event. In 2018 and 2019, the normal and severe drought stress treatments produced the most and least number of cladodes per plant, respectively. As dry stress increased, the cladode length, breadth and diameter decreased. Severe drought stress had the greatest potassium content and the lowest neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) concentrations. Normal irrigation had the greatest effect on water productivity in 2018 and 2019. The usual treatment produced the greatest fresh and dry yields in 2018 (57.3 and 4.51 t ha−1) and 2019 (112 and 8.97 t ha−1). Under mild drought stress, the crude protein content was 8%, and under severe drought stress, it was 7%. The results suggest that Kerman, Iran, can grow cactus with less water.
Detection mechanism and solvent effects of the 3‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)phenyl)benzo[g]quinolin‐4(1H)‐one (PBQ) probe
Authors: Zhang Meng , Li Jin , Li Jiaqi , Hou Yingmin , Wang Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydroxy‐2‐(4‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)phenyl)benzo[g]quinolin‐4(1H)‐one (PBQ) is a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). PBQ‐1 is the reaction product following its exposure to phosgene. Density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (DFT) have been used to study the excited state dynamics of PBQ and PBQ‐1 in different solvents. The results show that the reaction of PBQ with a transition from charge‐transfer excitation to local excitation before and after the reaction. It becomes more difficult for PBQ in the excited state to transfer proton with increasing solvent polarity. The product PBQ‐1 undergoes a molecular structure twist, and the angle of twisting decreases with increasing solvent polarity, resulting in a lower degree of rotational freedom of the hydroxyl group (5‐OH) at the 5th carbon position, which makes it more susceptible to ESIPT reactions. Therefore, PBQ‐1 is more susceptible to ESIPT as solvent polarity increases. Our theoretical calculations also elucidate the cause of the blue shift of PBQ fluorescence and the impact of the twisting intramolecular charge transfer phenomenon on the solvent effect. Furthermore, our study provides the theoretical guidance for the designing probe based on excited state intramolecular proton transfer.
Novel Patient‐Friendly Orodispersible Formulation of Ivermectin is Associated With Enhanced Palatability, Controlled Absorption, and Less Variability: High Potential for Pediatric Use
Authors: Dao Kim , Buettcher Michael , Golhen Klervi , Kost Jonas , Schittny Andreas , Duthaler Urs , Atkinson Andrew , Haefliger David , Guidi Monia , Bardinet Carine , Chtioui Haithem , Boulekbache Abdelwahab , Buclin Thierry , Huwyler Jörg , Pfister Marc , Rothuizen Laura E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIvermectin has been used since the 1980s as an anthelmintic and antiectoparasite agent worldwide. Currently, the only available oral formulation is tablets designed for adult patients. A patient‐friendly orodispersible tablet formulation designed for pediatric use (CHILD‐IVITAB) has been developed and is entering early phase clinical trials. To inform the pediatric program of CHILD‐IVITAB, 16 healthy adults were enrolled in a phase I, single‐center, open‐label, randomized, 2‐period, crossover, single‐dose trial which aimed to compare palatability, tolerability, and bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of CHILD‐IVITAB and their variability against the marketed ivermectin tablets (STROMECTOL) at a single dose of 12 mg in a fasting state. Palatability with CHILD‐IVITAB was considerably enhanced as compared to STROMECTOL. Both ivermectin formulations were well tolerated and safe. Relative bioavailability of CHILD‐IVITAB compared to STROMECTOL was estimated as the ratios of geometric means for Cmax, AUC 0‐∞, and AUC0‐last, which were 1.52 [90% CI: 1.13‐2.04], 1.27 [0.99‐1.62], and 1.29 [1.00‐1.66], respectively. Maximum drug concentrations occurred earlier with the CHILD‐IVITAB formulation, with a median Tmax at 3.0 h [range 2.0‐4.0 h] versus 4.0 h [range 2.0‐5.0 h] with STROMECTOL (P = .004). With CHILD‐IVITAB, variability in exposure was cut in half (coefficient of variation: 37% vs 70%) compared to STROMECTOL. Consistent with a more controlled absorption process, CHILD‐IVITAB was associated with reduced variability in drug exposure as compared to STROMECTOL. Together with a favorable palatability and tolerability profile, these findings motivate for further clinical studies to evaluate benefits of such a patient‐friendly ODT formulation in pediatric patients with a parasitic disease, including infants and young children <15 kg.
Visible‐light photoredox catalyzed synthesis of tetrahydrobenzofuranone: Oxidative [3 + 2] cycloaddition of dicarbonyl and alkene
Authors: Kartikey  , Jaiswal Deepali , Singh Shailesh , Jaiswal Shefali , Saquib Mohammad , Singh Santosh , Verma Surya Pratap , Singh Jaya , Singh Jagdamba 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVisible‐light‐mediated formation of tetrahydrobenzofuranone by direct oxidative [3 + 2] cycloaddition via coupling between dimedone and chalcone using eosin‐Y as a photoredox catalyst has been reported. The reaction takes place by a radical pathway as evidenced from our experiments and literature. The developed method involves the utilization of visible‐light photoredox catalysis for the formation of C‐C and C‐O bond via abstraction of methylinic hydrogen of dimedone and β‐carbon of chalcone as well as coupling between carbonyl group of dimedone and α‐carbon of chalcone in tetrahydrobenzofuranone in one‐pot procedure. The present protocol shows significant advantages such as the application of visible light as a clean source of energy, green solvent, mild reaction conditions, cost effectiveness, short reaction time, metal free synthesis, easy operation, high atom economy, and broad substrate scope with functional group tolerance. Moreover, outstanding yield of the product obtained up to 82%.