bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific sublingual immunotherapy with peach LTP (Pru p 3). One year treatment: a case report
Authors: Pereira Celso , Bartolomé Borja , Asturias Juan Andrés , Ibarrola Iñaki , Tavares Beatriz , Loureiro Graça , Machado Daniel , Chieira Celso 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntroductionFood allergy is an increasing problem with limited therapeutic approaches apart from to the eviction diet.Case presentationA 40-year-old female patient with food allergy symptoms was polysensitized to almost all vegetable food since the age of 36; the onset of symptoms was during pregnancy. The allergological study demonstrated positive skin prick tests (SPT) to nuts, legumes, cereals, spices, several fresh fruits including peach, and other groups of vegetable foods however, it was negative to common aeroallergens. Serum specific IgE levels were negative (<0.35 kU/L) to profilin and carbohydrate determinants, but positive to Pru p 3 (3.5 kU/L). Positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge to peach confirmed the allergic disease. She received specific sublingual immunotherapy with native Pru p 3 at a concentration of 40 μg/ml with 5 administrations per week and a cumulative dose of 200 μg of nPru p 3 per month. After an ultra-rush build-up phase concluded in one day she continued therapy during a year with 5 administrations per week. The clinical evolution and laboratory studies demonstrated an early reduction on SPT reactions with no relevant changes on serum specific IgE, IgG, IgG1and IgG4to Pru p 3 during the immunotherapy period. The challenge test was negative 4 months after the beginning of the SLIT. Regarding clinical response she markedly improved after the first month of treatment, and by the 3th month she had no major vegetable dietary restrictions, except for nuts and pepper.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the excellent efficacy and safety of sublingual specific protein immunotherapy developed according to the patient specific sensitivity profile to Pru p3.
Early loosening and secondary dislocation due to a broken trochanteric osteotomy wire following a Charnley total hip arthroplasty: a case report
Authors: Shahin Yousef , Choudhary Rakesh , Al-Naser Saeed , Mullins Mark 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
We report a case of interposition of a broken trochanteric wire in the hip joint. This caused early wear of the prosthesis and dislocation of the Charnley total hip arthroplasty. The patient was treated with a revision total hip arthroplasty. This rare complication should be taken into consideration when performing a trochanteric osteotomy fixation with wiring in Charnley total hip arthroplasty.
Human Prion disease with a T188K mutation in Chinese: a case report
Authors: Shi Qi , Gao Chen , Zhou Wei , Zhang Bao-Yun , Tian Chan , Chen Jian-Ming , Jiang Hui-Ying , Han Jun , Dong Xiao-Ping 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Inherited Prion diseases are characterized by mutations in the PRNP gene predispose to disease by causing the expression of abnormal PrP protein. We report a 58-year-old Chinese female with mutation in codon 188 (T188K) of the PRNP gene, while the codon 129 was a methionine homozygous genotype. The patient displayed 4-year long slowly progressive sleeping disturbance and rapid exacerbation of neurological status after other neurological manifestations appeared. Cerebral spinal fluid 14-3-3 protein was positive.
A humeral shaft fracture complicated with anterior shoulder dislocation in a young male treated with modified Intramedullary nailing prior to reduction: a case report
Authors: Kazakos Konstantinos , Paraschou Stamatis , Lasanianos Nikolaos G , Verettas Dionysios , Lyras Dimitrios N 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Anterior dislocation of the shoulder joint with an ipsilateral fracture of the humeral shaft is a rare injury which may require demanding technical skills.

Case presentation
A 33 years old male sustained a work accident. Radiographs showed an anterior dislocation of the shoulder with a transverse fracture of the middle third of the humeral shaft on the same side. The dislocation proved to be irreducible in the setting of the fracture humerus. Thus, stabilization of the shaft fracture was successfully applied with an intramedullary nail and a small antirotational plate prior to the reduction. The patient recovered full function of the shoulder.

Conclusion
Performing primary intramedullary nailing of the humeral shaft fracture before manipulation of the joint resulted to an excellent outcome.
Prognosis of Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer by HER2 Status and Trastuzumab Treatment: An Institutional-Based Review
Authors: Dawood Shaheenah , Broglio Kristine , Buzdar Aman U. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Giordano Sharon H. 
Published: November 2009

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether trastuzumab improves prognosis of women with metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/neu –positive breast cancer beyond that of women with HER2/neu-negative disease. Patients and Methods Two thousand ninety-one women with metastatic breast cancer diagnosed from 1991 to 2007, with known HER2/neu status and who had not received trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting, were identified. Disease was classified into the following three groups: HER2/neu negative, HER2/neu positive without first-line trastuzumab treatment, and HER2/neu positive with first-line trastuzumab treatment. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and compared between groups with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between OS and HER2/neu status after controlling for patient characteristics. Results One hundred eighteen patients (5.6%) had HER2/neu-positive disease without trastuzumab treatment, 191 (9.1%) had HER2/neu-positive disease and received trastuzumab treatment, and 1,782 (85.3%) had HER2/neu-negative disease. Median-follow-up was 16.9 months. One-year survival rates among patients with HER2/neu-negative disease, HER2/neu-positive disease and trastuzumab treatment, and HER2/neu-positive disease and no trastuzumab treatment were 75.1% (95% CI, 72.9% to 77.2%), 86.6% (95% CI, 80.8% to 90.8%), and 70.2% (95% CI, 60.3% to 78.1%), respectively. In a multivariable model, women with HER2/neu-positive disease who received trastuzumab had a 44% reduction in the risk of death compared with women with HER2/neu-negative disease (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.69; P < .0001). This HR varied with time and was significant for the first 24 months and not significant after 24 months. Conclusion Our results show that women with HER2/neu-positive disease who received trastuzumab had improved prognosis compared with women with HER2/neu-negative disease.
Phase I Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study of Oral Sapacitabine in Patients With Acute Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Kantarjian Hagop , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , O'Brien Susan , Faderl Stefan , Ravandi Farhad , Westwood Robert , Green Simon R. , Chiao Judy H. , Boone Patricia A. , Cortes Jorge , Plunkett William 
Published: November 2009

Purpose Sapacitabine is an oral deoxycytidine nucleoside analog with a unique mechanism of action that is different from cytarabine. Patients and Methods To define the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of sapacitabine given orally twice daily for 7 days every 3 to 4 weeks, or twice daily for 3 days for 2 weeks (days 1 through 3 and days 8 through 10) every 3 to 4 weeks, in refractory-relapse acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). A total of 47 patients were treated in the phase I study that used a classical 3 + 3 design. Sapacitabine was escalated from 75 to 375 mg twice daily for 7 days (n = 35) and from 375 to 475 mg twice daily for 3 days on days 1 through 3 and days 8 through 10. Results The DLTs with both schedules were gastrointestinal. The MTDs were 375 mg twice daily for 7 days and 425 mg twice daily for 3 days on days 1 through 3 and days 8 through 10. The recommended phase II single-agent dose schedules were 325 mg twice daily for 7 days and 425 mg twice daily for 3 days on days 1 through 3 and days 8 through 10. Responses were observed in 13 patients (28%); four were complete responses, and nine were marrow complete responses. Conclusion Sapacitabine is a new, safely administered, oral deoxycytidine analog that has encouraging activity in leukemia and MDS. Phase II studies are ongoing.
Stable Sulfenyl Iodide Bearing a Primary Alkyl Steric Protection Group with a Cavity-shaped Framework
Authors: Sase Shohei , Aoki Yohei , Abe Noriaki , Goto Kei 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
A primary alkyl steric protection group bearing a cavity-shaped framework, a BpqCH2 group, was developed. A sulfenyl iodide with the BpqCH2 group was successfully synthesized and unambiguously characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The sulfenyl iodide showed remarkable stability both in the solid state and in solution, demonstrating that the BpqCH2 group is promising for kinetic stabilization of primary alkyl substituted reactive species.
Smoking predicts incident fractures in elderly men: Mr OS Sweden
Authors: Jutberger Hans , Lorentzon Mattias , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Johansson Helena , Kanis John A , Ljunggren Östen , Karlsson Magnus K , Rosengren Björn E , Redlund-Johnell Inga , Orwoll Eric , Ohlsson Claes , Mellström Dan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between smoking and bone mineral density (BMD) and radiographically verified prevalent vertebral fractures and incident fractures in elderly men. At baseline 3003 men aged 69 to 80 years of age from the Swedish Mr Os Study completed a standard questionnaire concerning smoking habits and had BMD of the hip and spine measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA); 1412 men had an X-ray of the thoracic- and lumbar spine. Radiologic registers were used to confirm reported new fractures after the baseline visit. At baseline, 8.4% were current smokers. Current smokers had a 6.2% lower BMD at the total hip and a 5.4% lower BMD at the lumbar spine (p &lt; .001). Current smoking remained independently inversely associated with BMD at the hip and lumbar spine after adjusting for age, height, weight, calcium intake, physical activity, and centers as covariates. Prevalent vertebral fractures among current smokers were increased in unadjusted analyses [odds ratio (OR) = 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–2.87] and after adjustment for lumbar BMD (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.09–2.55). Smokers had a high risk for two or more prevalent vertebral fractures (OR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.88–5.36). During the average follow-up of 3.3 years, 209 men sustained an X-ray-verified fracture. Incident fracture risk among smokers was calculated with Cox proportional hazard models. Current smokers had an increased risk of all new fractures [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.76, 95% CI 1.19–2.61]; nonvertebral osteoporotic fractures, defined as humerus, radius, pelvis, and hip fractures (HR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.18–3.88); clinical and X-ray-verified vertebral fractures (HR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.37–4.65); and hip fractures (HR = 3.16, 95% CI 1.44–6.95). After adjustment for BMD, including other covariates, no significant association between smoking and incident fractures was found. Current tobacco smoking in elderly men is associated with low BMD, prevalent vertebral fractures, and incident fractures, especially vertebral and hip fractures. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Antiretroviral Exposure and Lymphocyte mtDNA Content Among Uninfected Infants of HIV-1-Infected Women
Authors: Aldrovandi Grace M. , Chu Clara , Shearer William T. , Li Daner , Walter Jan , Thompson Bruce , McIntosh Kenneth , Foca Marc , Meyer William A. , Ha Belinda F. , Rich Kenneth C. , Moye Jack 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE: Concern for potential adverse effects of antiretroviral (ARV) chemotherapy used to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission has led the US Public Health Service to recommend long-term follow-up of ARV-exposed children. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ARV agents can inhibit DNA polymerase γ, impairing mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis and resulting in depletion or dysfunction.METHODS: We measured the mtDNA content of stored peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 411 healthy children who were born to HIV-uninfected women and 213 uninfected infants who were born to HIV-infected women with or without in utero and neonatal ARV exposure. Cryopreserved PBMC mtDNA was quantified by using the Primagen Retina Mitox assay.RESULTS: Geometric mean PBMC mtDNA levels were lower at birth in infants who were born to HIV-infected women. Among HIV-exposed children, mtDNA levels were lowest in those who were not exposed to ARVs, higher in those with exposure to zidovudine alone, and higher still in those with combination nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor exposure. A similar pattern was observed in the corresponding women. Levels of mtDNA increased during the first 5 years of life in all HIV-exposed children but achieved normal levels only in those with ARV exposure.CONCLUSIONS: Levels of mtDNA are lower than normal in HIV-exposed children. Contrary to expectation, PBMC mtDNA levels are significantly higher in ARV-exposed, HIV-uninfected infants and their infected mothers compared with ARV-unexposed infants and women. By 5 years, levels of PBMC mtDNA rise to normal concentrations in ARV-exposed children but remain depressed in ARV-unexposed children.
Energy Expenditure for Breastfeeding and Bottle-Feeding Preterm Infants
Authors: Berger Irit , Weintraub Valentin , Dollberg Shaul , Kopolovitz Rozalia , Mandel Dror 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that resting energy expenditure (REE) would be higher after breastfeeding than after bottle-feeding.METHODS: Nineteen preterm infants (gestational age: 32 weeks) in stable condition who were nourished entirely with their mothers' breast milk were assigned randomly to feeding either by bottle or at the breast. Each infant served as his or her own control subject. REE was measured for 20 minutes after feeding. Breast milk quantity was evaluated with prefeeding and postfeeding weighing. REE values for bottle-feeding and breastfeeding were compared with paired t tests.RESULTS: Contrary to our null hypothesis, the group's mean REE values after bottle-feeding and breastfeeding were very similar (284.7 ± 26.8 kJ/kg per day [68.3 ± 6.4 kcal/kg per day] vs 282.6 ± 28.5 kJ/kg per day [67.5 ± 6.8 kcal/kg per day]; not significant). The duration of feeding was significantly longer for breastfeeding than for bottle-feeding (20.1 ± 7.9 vs 7.8 ± 2.9 minutes; P &lt; .0001).CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in REE when infants were breastfed versus bottle-fed. Longer feeding times at the breast did not increase REE. We speculate that it is safe to recommend feeding at the breast for infants born at &gt;32 weeks when they can tolerate oral feeding.
Recovery Behaviour of a Partly Illitized Sandstone Gas Reservoir
Authors: Uwaga Anthony O. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Diagenesis is defined as any chemical, physical or biological change undergone by a sediment (rock) after its initial deposition and during and after its lithification, exclusive of surface alteration (weathering) and metamorphism. The diagenetic changes that occur in the rock result in the alteration of some of the original petrophysical properties of the rock. Porosity and permeability, amongst others, have been established to be altered by diagenesis.
It is common knowledge in the industry that the amount of hydrocarbon recovered from a reservoir is dependent, amongst other factors, on the hydrocarbon initially-in-place in the reservoir and the intra reservoir rock pore space connectivity. The hydrocarbon initially-in-place is a function of the reservoir rock porosity and the pore space connectivity is a measure of the permeability of the reservoir rock. Thus the recovery from a reservoir rock affected by diagenesis, based on the aforementioned effects of diagenesis on reservoir rock porosity and permeability, is largely dependent on the extent of diagenesis that took place in the reservoir rock.
While reservoir performance behaviour is well established in sandstone reservoirs with diagenetic clays occurring throughout the reservoir, though may be scattered here and there in the reservoir rock, the case of a reservoir rock with a clay-affected layer directly below a clay-free layer, but is one sand pack, is unique.
This paper discusses the recurring increases in gas recovery in a partly illitized sandstone reservoir using the North Morecambe field in the East Irish Sea Basin as case study. Illite, a diagenetic clay mineral, has the characteristic of lining the pores of the reservoir rock. Its main effect is reservoir permeability alteration.
The North Morecambe field is a sandstone reservoir with two flow zones: an illite-affected zone overlain by an illite-free zone. More than half of the gas-in-place in the field is located in the illite-free zone. Reservoir dynamic simulation and historical production data analysis carried out on the field indicates differential draining of the flow zones: the illite-free zone producing much better than the illite-affected zonecrossflow from the illite-affected zone to the illite-free zonethat though the illite-free zone of the reservoir is being preferentially drained, in comparison to the illite-affected zone, the illite-affected zone is nonetheless being efficiently drained through crossflow into the illite-free zone
The study carried out and presented in this paper highlights best practise approach in completion strategy for efficient draining of the illitized part of a partly illitized sandstone reservoir. It further establishes a cubic, not a linear, behaviour as the reservoir performance behaviour to be expected from a partly illitized sandstone reservoir.
Examination of All Type 2 Diabetes GWAS Loci Reveals HHEX-IDE as a Locus Influencing Pediatric BMI
Authors: Zhao Jianhua , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Zhang Haitao , Annaiah Kiran , Wang Kai , Kim Cecilia E. , Glessner Joseph T. , Frackelton Edward C. , Otieno F. George , Doran James , Thomas Kelly A. , Garris Maria , Hou Cuiping , Chiavacci Rosetta M. , Li Mingyao , Berkowitz Robert I. , Hakonarson Hakon , Grant Struan F.A. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE
A number of studies have found that BMI in early life influences the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Our goal was to investigate if any type 2 diabetes variants uncovered through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) impact BMI in childhood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using data from an ongoing GWAS of pediatric BMI in our cohort, we investigated the association of pediatric BMI with 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms at 18 type 2 diabetes loci uncovered through GWAS, consisting of ADAMTS9, CDC123-CAMK1D, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, EXT2, FTO, HHEX-IDE, IGF2BP2, the intragenic region on 11p12, JAZF1, KCNQ1, LOC387761, MTNR1B, NOTCH2, SLC30A8, TCF7L2, THADA, and TSPAN8-LGR5. We randomly partitioned our cohort exactly in half in order to have a discovery cohort (n = 3,592) and a replication cohort (n = 3,592).

RESULTS
Our data show that the major type 2 diabetes risk–conferring G allele of rs7923837 at the HHEX-IDE locus was associated with higher pediatric BMI in both the discovery (P = 0.0013 and survived correction for 20 tests) and replication (P = 0.023) sets (combined P = 1.01 × 10−4). Association was not detected with any other known type 2 diabetes loci uncovered to date through GWAS except for the well-established FTO.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data show that the same genetic HHEX-IDE variant, which is associated with type 2 diabetes from previous studies, also influences pediatric BMI.
Cytokines Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Regulate Different Transcriptional and Alternative Splicing Networks in Primary β-Cells
Authors: Ortis Fernanda , Naamane Najib , Flamez Daisy , Ladrière Laurence , Moore Fabrice , Cunha Daniel A. , Colli Maikel L. , Thykjaer Thomas , Thorsen Kasper , Ørntoft Torben F. , Eizirik Decio L. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE
Cytokines contribute to pancreatic β-cell death in type 1 diabetes. This effect is mediated by complex gene networks that remain to be characterized. We presently utilized array analysis to define the global expression pattern of genes, including spliced variants, modified by the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β + interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α + IFN-γ in primary rat β-cells.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fluorescence-activated cell sorter–purified rat β-cells were exposed to IL-1β + IFN-γ or TNF-α + IFN-γ for 6 or 24 h, and global gene expression was analyzed by microarray. Key results were confirmed by RT-PCR, and small-interfering RNAs were used to investigate the mechanistic role of novel and relevant transcription factors identified by pathway analysis.

RESULTS
Nearly 16,000 transcripts were detected as present in β-cells, with temporal differences in the number of genes modulated by IL-1β + IFNγ or TNF-α + IFN-γ. These cytokine combinations induced differential expression of inflammatory response genes, which is related to differential induction of IFN regulatory factor-7. Both treatments decreased the expression of genes involved in the maintenance of β-cell phenotype and growth/regeneration. Cytokines induced hypoxia-inducible factor-α, which in this context has a proapoptotic role. Cytokines also modified the expression of &gt;20 genes involved in RNA splicing, and exon array analysis showed cytokine-induced changes in alternative splicing of &gt;50% of the cytokine-modified genes.

CONCLUSIONS
The present study doubles the number of known genes expressed in primary β-cells, modified or not by cytokines, and indicates the biological role for several novel cytokine-modified pathways in β-cells. It also shows that cytokines modify alternative splicing in β-cells, opening a new avenue of research for the field.
TCF7L2 Variant rs7903146 Affects the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes by Modulating Incretin Action
Authors: Villareal Dennis T. , Robertson Heather , Bell Graeme I. , Patterson Bruce W. , Tran Hung , Wice Burton , Polonsky Kenneth S. 
Published: November 2009

OBJECTIVE
Common variants in the gene TCF7L2 confer the largest effect on the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study was undertaken to increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which this gene affects type 2 diabetes risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eight subjects with risk-conferring TCF7L2 genotypes (TT or TC at rs7903146) and 10 matched subjects with wild-type genotype (CC) underwent 5-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion, and graded glucose infusion (GGI). Mathematical modeling was used to quantify insulin-secretory profiles during OGTT and glucose infusion protocols. The incretin effect was assessed from ratios of the insulin secretory rates (ISR) during oral and isoglycemic glucose infusions. Dose-response curves relating insulin secretion to glucose concentrations were derived from the GGI.

RESULTS
β-cell responsivity to oral glucose was 50% lower (47 ± 4 vs. 95 ± 15 × 109 min−1; P = 0.01) in the group of subjects with risk-conferring TCF7L2 genotypes compared with control subjects. The incretin effect was also reduced by 30% (32 ± 4 vs. 46 ± 4%; P = 0.02) in the at-risk group. The lower incretin effect occurred despite similar glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to oral glucose. The ISR response to intravenous glucose over a physiologic glucose concentration range (5–9 mmol/l) was similar between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 appears to affect risk of type 2 diabetes, at least in part, by modifying the effect of incretins on insulin secretion. This is not due to reduced secretion of GLP-1 and GIP but rather due to the effect of TCF7L2 on the sensitivity of the β-cell to incretins. Treatments that increase incretin sensitivity may decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes.