bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematics and ecology of the Nearctic species ofNeophyllomyza(Diptera: Milichiidae)
Authors: Brochu Kristen , Wheeler Terry A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Nearctic species ofNeophyllomyzaMelander are revised and descriptions, illustrations, and an identification key are provided for the two included species,N. quadricornisMelander andN. gaultin. sp.Large numbers of adults of both species were collected in emergence traps on decaying logs of sugar maple (Acer saccharumMarsh. (Aceraceae)) and American beech (Fagus grandifoliaEhrh. (Fagaceae)) in eastern Canada, indicating that the larvae of both species are saproxylic, although their exact food source is unknown. Although the two species are sympatric over much of their range and apparently use the same resources for larval development, their habits differ:N. quadricorniswas collected from logs in both the early- and the advanced-decay stage from late May until September, with a peak of emergence in late June, whereasN. gaultiwas reared almost exclusively from logs in the advanced-decay stage and from mid-July to mid-August. This suggests thatN. gaultiis more specialized in its larval habits, which may reduce competition between the two species.
1-Octen-3-ol is repellent to Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in the midwestern United States
Authors: Poland Therese M. , Pureswaran Deepa S. , Ciaramitaro Tina M. , Borden John H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn field experiments at three sites in Michigan and Ohio we tested the activity of 1-octen-3-ol in combination with ipsdienol, the aggregation pheromone of the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say). When 1-octen-3-ol was added to funnel traps baited with ipsdienol, significantly fewer beetles of either sex were captured than in traps baited with ipsdienol alone. This result suggests that the compound is potentially repellent and interrupts the response of beetles to their aggregation pheromone, and is consistent with previous reports of its inhibition of aggregation behaviour in other bark beetles.
Agrilus sulcicollis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a new alien species in North America
Authors: Jendek Eduard , Grebennikov Vasily V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe European oak borer, Agrilus sulcicollis Lacordaire, a newly detected alien species in Canada, is reported from southern Ontario. This species is illustrated and diagnosed to facilitate its recognition among other North American species of Agrilus Curtis. Data are provided on its phylogenetic affinities, host plants, native distribution, and all North American records known to date. The other eight non-native Agrilus species known in North America (A. cuprescens (Ménétriés), A. cyanescens Ratzeburg, A. derasofasciatus Lacordaire, A. hyperici (Creutzer), A. pilosovittatus Saunders, A. planipennis Fairmaire, A. sinuatus (Olivier), and A. subrobustus Saunders) are briefly discussed.
Latitudinal variation in cranial dimorphism in Macaca fascicularis
Authors: Schillaci Michael A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis study examines latitudinal and insular variation in the expression of sexual dimorphism in cranial length in three geographical groupings of Macaca fascicularis. In addition, the relationship between cranial length dimorphism (CLD) and sex‐specific size is examined. The results of the study identified a significant relationship between CLD and latitude for only one of the three geographic groupings. Sex‐specific relationships between cranial length and CLD were detected. The pattern of these relationships varied by geographic grouping. This study is important because it demonstrates that despite very similar levels of CLD in a single primate species, there exists important geographic variability in the correlates of that dimorphism. I suggest that geographically varying ecological factors may influence sex‐specific natural selection and the intensity of CLD in M. fascicularis. Gaining a better understanding of this geographical variability will require that future research examines morphological variation, including CLD, within its corresponding ecological and social contexts. Such research should be comparative, and incorporate multiple geographically separated populations with disparate environmental settings. Am. J. Primatol. 72:152–160, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human dopamine receptor D2/D3 availability predicts amygdala reactivity to unpleasant stimuli
Authors: Kobiella Andrea , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Bühler Mira , Graf Caroline , Buchholz Hans‐Georg , Bernow Nina , Yakushev Igor Y. , Landvogt Christian , Schreckenberger Mathias , Gründer Gerhard , Bartenstein Peter , Fehr Christoph , Smolka Michael N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDopamine (DA) modulates the response of the amygdala. However, the relation between dopaminergic neurotransmission in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions and amygdala reactivity to affective stimuli has not yet been established. To address this issue, we measured DA D2/D3 receptor (DRD2/3) availability in twenty‐eight healthy men (nicotine‐dependent smokers and never‐smokers) using positron emission tomography with [18F]fallypride. In the same group of participants, amygdala response to unpleasant visual stimuli was determined using blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. The effects of DRD2/3 availability in emotion‐related brain regions and nicotine dependence on amygdala response to unpleasant stimuli were examined by multiple regression analysis. We observed enhanced prefrontal DRD2/3 availability in those individuals with higher amygdala response to unpleasant stimuli. As compared to never‐smokers, smokers showed an attenuated amygdala BOLD response to unpleasant stimuli. Thus, individuals with high prefrontal DRD2/3 availability may be more responsive toward aversive and stressful information. Through this mechanism, dopaminergic neurotransmission might influence vulnerability for affective and anxiety disorders. Neuronal reactivity to unpleasant stimuli seems to be reduced by smoking. This observation could explain increased smoking rates in individuals with mental disorders. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymer–solute interactions in solid–liquid two‐phase partitioning bioreactors
Authors: Gao Fang , Daugulis Andrew J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Biphasic systems with immiscible solvents have been studied for in situ product removal, and have shown improvements in bioreactor performance, however, problems associated with solvent biocompatibility, bioavailability and operation have been identified. One alternative is the solid–liquid system in which polymer beads are used, absorbing and removing target compounds from the aqueous phase while maintaining equilibrium conditions. This work aims to identify polymer properties that may be important in polymer selection for selected biotransformation molecules including 2‐phenylethanol, cis‐1,3‐indandiol, iso‐butanol, succinic acid and 3‐hydroxybutyrolactone.RESULTS: Relatively hydrophobic compounds (e.g. 2‐phenylethanol) tend to be absorbed by polymers better than hydrophilic ones (e.g. iso‐butanol) based on partition coefficient tests; values as high as 80 were obtained for the former and < 3 for the latter. Owing to the presence of polar functional groups on these compounds, polar polymers such as Hytrel® performed better than non‐polar ones such as Kraton®. Crystallinity and intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding were also found to be important polymer properties.CONCLUSION: Polymers showed excellent results in absorbing hydrophobic compounds such as aromatic alcohols, and positive results in absorbing hydrophilic compounds but to a lesser extent. Grafting hydrophilic functional groups onto polymers may be a promising approach for extending polymer uptake capabilities and is currently being investigated. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Therapeutic options of caesarean scar pregnancy: Case series and literature review
Authors: Bij de Vaate A.J. Marjolein , Brölmann Hans A.M. , van der Slikke Johannes W. , Wouters Maurice G.A.J. , Schats Roel , Huirne Judith A.F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe describe our experience with the treatment of 4 caesarean scar pregnancies and provide an overview of current literature. Four women diagnosed with a caesarean scar pregnancy in our hospital between 1996 and 2007 were treated with local or systemic methotrexate and had a steady decline of the serum β‐hCG level. The uterus was preserved in all women and 3 of them had an uneventful subsequent pregnancy and delivery. We suggest that transcervical needle aspiration of amniotic fluid followed by intra‐amniotic injection of methotrexate should be the treatment of choice, followed by surgical treatment only if methotrexate fails. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2010
Novel and convenient to substituted imidazoles
Authors: Chang Yu‐An , Chang Hsiang 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image A one‐pot synthesis of imidazoles has been established from the addition of azides to 2‐amidoacrylates, and this synthetic method demonstrates an efficient synthesis of imidazole‐4‐carboxylates. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Ethyl‐3,4‐diaroyl‐2‐cyanobutyrate: A Synthon for novel heterocycles
Authors: Padmaja Adivireddy , Payani Thalari , Mahesh Konda , Padmavathi Venkatapuram 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image A new class of aminopyrazolones, aminoisoxazolones, aminopyrimidinones, and thioxopyrimidinones were synthesized from Michael adduct, ethyl‐3,4‐diaroyl‐2‐cyanobutyrate, on reaction with different nucleophiles, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and urea derivatives. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Synthesis of new pyridazine derivatives as potential anti‐HIV‐1 agents
Authors: Ferro Stefania , Agnello Stefano , Barreca Maria Letizia , De Luca Laura , Christ Frauke , Gitto Rosaria 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image We herein report conventional and microwave‐assisted methods for the synthesis of a series of compounds containing some bivalent ion chelating requirements useful to exert potential HIV‐1 integrase (IN) enzyme inhibition activity. The biological screening highlighted that only derivative 5 proved to be a strand‐transfer step inhibitor of the virus integration process at micromolar concentration. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Milde Stickstofffixierung:Was sagt die Theorie?
Authors: Reiher Markus 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStickstoff bei Normaldruck und Raumtemperatur katalytisch zu reduzieren, bleibt eine Herausforderung für die Chemie. Es gibt zwar synthetische Fortschritte, noch sind aber viele Fragen offen. Die Quantenchemie kann helfen, einige von ihnen zu beantworten.
AAS, ICP‐OES oder Röntgenfluoreszenz
Authors: Garnebode Nils 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUm Kinderspielzeug auf giftige Schwermetalle zu untersuchen, bieten sich atomspektroskopische Methoden an. Für Stichproben eignet sich auch die Röntgenfluoreszenz, für die keine Probenvorbereitung erforderlich ist.
Startschuss für das Kunststoffzeitalter
Authors: Koßmehl Gerhard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractErkner, eine Kleinstadt östlich von Berlin, markiert einen Meilenstein der Chemiegeschichte. Im Jahr 1909 wurde hier das erste vollsynthetische Kunstharz der Welt im industriellen Maßstab hergestellt: Bakelit.
Ribosom, Telomerase und Lichtleitung
Authors: Beckmann Roland , Famulok Michael 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDreimal dreigeteilter Nobelpreis: In Chemie werden Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz und Ada E. Yonath ausgezeichnet. Der Preis für Medizin geht an Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider und Jack W. Szostak. Den Physik‐Nobelpreis teilen sich Charles K. Kao, Willard S. Boyle und George E. Smith.
A case study of learning to become a PD facilitator: ‘Climbing the tree’
Authors: van der Zijpp Teatske Johanna , Dewing Jan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article describes and relates to classic and emerging theory, and the journey of one person, based at a Dutch university (Fontys University of Applied Sciences), towards becoming a facilitator concerned with transformational teaching practice. Following on from some background on facilitation within the context of practice development, the article summarizes and offers illustrations from a critical conversation between the two authors. Three themes relevant to climbing the tree were identified as (1) working with clarified values and beliefs; (2) movement: moving from technical single issues to working with complex questions and multiple practice development principles and (3) construction and reconstruction of a personalized embodied facilitation framework. These are used as a structure for the discussion. The case study concludes that becoming a facilitator, rather than the technical application of facilitation techniques and tools, is a continuous journey, with personal or internal dimensions where the person/facilitator is part of the learning process. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of nicotine on the alpha‐7 and beta‐2 nicotinic acetycholine receptor subunits in the developing piglet brainstem
Authors: Browne Cherylea J. , Sharma Nidhi , Waters Karen A. , Machaalani Rita 
Published: November 2009

AbstractExposure to cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We tested the hypothesis that nicotine increases expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits α7 and β2 in a piglet model. Piglets exposed to 2 mg/kg/day nicotine for 14 days postnatally (n= 14) were compared to non‐exposed controls (n= 14), (equal gender proportions). Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify and quantify changes in, α7 and β2 nAChR subunits in 8 nuclei of the medulla at both the rostral and caudal levels. Compared to controls, nicotine exposed piglets had decreased α7 in the rostral dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (rDMNV) (p= 0.01), and increased β2 in the caudal DMNV (cDMNV) (p= 0.05), caudal nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract (cNSTT) (p= 0.03) and caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) (p= 0.04). Analysis by gender showed that in the control group, compared to males, females had higher β2 in the caudal hypoglossal (cXII) (p< 0.01) and caudal inferior olivary (p= 0.04) nuclei, while in the nicotine group females had higher β2 in the cDMNV (p= 0.02). Compared to control males, nicotine exposed males had lower β2 in the cXII (p< 0.01). Overall, changes in α7 were specific to nicotine exposure with no gender differentiation. Changes in β2 were more widespread but showed gender‐specific effects. These findings provide evidence that early postnatal exposure to nicotine significantly affects nAChR subunit expressions in the developing brainstem.
Ontogeny of the HPA axis of the CD1 mouse following 24 h maternal deprivation at pnd 3
Authors: Enthoven L. , Schmidt M.V. , Cheung Y.H. , van der Mark M.H. , de Kloet E.R. , Oitzl M.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractOne of the striking characteristics of the developing neuroendocrine system of rats and mice is the stress hypo‐responsive period (SHRP), i.e. low basal corticosterone secretion and the inability to increase corticosterone in response to mild stressors during the first 2 weeks of life. However, immediately after 24 h of deprivation from maternal care the response of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis to mild stressors is enhanced. This study examines in CD1 mouse pups the recovery pattern of markers of HPA axis (re)activity from maternal deprivation (once for 24 h from postnatal days (pnds) 3 to 4). As expected, deprivation induced a profound corticosterone response to novelty immediately after deprivation. In contrast, 1 day after reunion with the mother (pnd 5), this effect was abolished, lasting for at least 3 days. Basal corticosterone remained even below control levels. Corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was suppressed for 2 days, exceeded control levels at pnds 7 and 8, and subsequently followed the gradual decline observed in controls until pnd 12. Delayed and rather short‐lasting changes were found for adrenocorticotropic hormone (low at pnd 5), and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression (decreased in the PVN at pnd 4, and in the hippocampal CA1 area at pnd 5). Hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was unaffected. From pnds 9 to 13, both deprived and control pups gradually emerged from the SHRP in a similar temporal pattern. In conclusion, maternal deprivation at pnd 3 augments hypo‐responsiveness of corticosterone secretion to mild stress for several days, but does not affect the duration of the SHRP. Whether CRH and glucocorticoid receptor changes are cause or consequence remains to be established.
Comparisons of telomere lengths in peripheral blood and cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lukens J. Nicholas , Van Deerlin Vivianna , Clark Christopher M. , Xie Sharon X. , Johnson F. Brad 
Published: November 2009

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) patients have been reported to have shorter telomeres in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) than age‐matched control subjects. However, it is unclear if PBL telomere length reflects brain telomere length, which might play a more direct role in AD pathogenesis. We examined the correlation between PBL and cerebellum telomere length in AD patients, and compared telomere lengths in cerebella from individuals with AD versus age‐matched control subjects.MethodsMean telomere lengths were measured using quantitative telomere polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA prepared from matched PBL and cerebellum samples from 29 individuals with pathologically confirmed sporadic AD. Telomere length was also measured in cerebellum samples of 30 AD patients versus 22 unaffected age‐matched control subjects.ResultsThe PBL and cerebellum telomere lengths were directly correlated in individuals with AD (r = 0.42, P = 0.023). Nonetheless, cerebellum telomere lengths were not significantly different in AD patients and age‐matched control subjects.ConclusionsReduced PBL telomere length in AD might not reflect reduced telomere length in bulk brain tissue, but may be a marker of changes in a subset of brain tissues or other tissues that affect the pathogenesis of AD.
PMA license valuation: A Bayesian learning real options approach
Authors: Miller Luke T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper develops aBayesian learning real option(BLRO) by merging the Bayesian decision‐making process with the real options framework. The BLRO approach is then used to value a parts manufacturing approval (PMA) license for an aerospace firm in the maintenance, repair, and overhaul industry. The model combines statistical decision theory with options pricing to evaluate strategic capital expenditures assuming a decision time horizon and posturing costs. Real option attributes are discussed in a decision analytic context and thresholds are identified for improved decision‐making. In contrast to other models in the real options literature in which new information is passively introduced during the delay period, our approach encourages active information acquisition and quantifies its impact on the decision.
Party Capability Theory and Appellate Success in the Supreme Court of Canada, 1949–1992
Authors: McCormick Peter 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNow that the advent of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has made the fact of judicial power so obvious, it is important to develop the conceptual vocabulary for describing and assessing this power. One such concept that has been applied to the study of United States and British appeal courts is the notion of “party capability theory,” which suggests that different types of litigant will enjoy different levels of success, as both appellant and respondent. Using a data base derived from all reported decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada between 1949 and 1992, this article applies party capability theory to the performance of Canada's highest court, and compares the findings with similar studies of American and British courts.
The Media's Persuasive Effects: The Priming of Leadership in the 1988 Canadian Election
Authors: Mendelsohn Matthew 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article examines the effect of the media during the 1988 Canadian election. Using National Election Study data, three questions are investigated: do those with different patterns of media exposure change their vote intentions at different times; do those with higher media exposure remain more stable in their vote intentions, and do the media prime leadership? The article argues that patterns of media exposure have an effect: those with higher exposure to the media lead the opinion of others by about one week, they are more stable in their vote intentions, and they are more likely to vote on the basis of their trust in the leaders than on issue positions (in this case, the Free Trade Agreement) or party identification. However, there were few differences between those who relied on television as opposed to print for their information.
Learning and Change in the British Columbia Forest Policy Sector: A Consideration of Sabatier's Advocacy Coalition Framework
Authors: Lertzman Ken , Rayner Jeremy , Wilson Jeremy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article uses British Columbia forest policy to test our ability to distinguish between policy change and policy learning using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) developed by Paul Sabatier. The authors find the ACF a useful way of approaching policy change in this sector, but argue that finer discriminations are needed to detect policy learning. They argue that Sabatier underestimates the extent to which the legitimation function of key ideas forces dominant advocacy coalitions to respond to criticisms in ways that promote learning. They conclude that, in this case, adaptive strategies undertaken by a dominant advocacy coalition in response to criticism has resulted in policy-oriented learning that may cause a major policy shift without an externally induced crisis in the forest policy sector.
The Ideological Contours of “New Politics” in Canada: Policy, Mobilization and Partisan Support
Authors: Nevitte Neil , Bakvis Herman , Gibbins Roger 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEvidence from other advanced industrial societies indicates that the traditional ideological contours of old states are being reshaped by the advance of a new political agenda. Using attitudinal survey data, this article explores the ways in which “new politics” has shaped the political belief systems of a segment of the Canadian population born after 1945. Findings indicate the presence of postmaterialist orientations among the young and a structuring capacity of postmaterialism versus left/right with respect to attitudes in different policy domains. Postmaterialism is also linked to greater mobilization potential and, among left identifiers, is shown to predict New Democratic party versus Liberal party support.
A Comparison of Press Coverage in Canada and the United States of the 1982 and 1984 Salvadoran Elections
Authors: Soderlund Walter C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis article investigates press coverage in Canada and the United States of the 1982 and 1984 Salvadoran elections employing the concept of the “demonstration election,” which posits that some elections occur not to select governments and solve problems but rather to confer international legitimacy on the government holding the election. The press plays a vital role in creating this aura of legitimacy. There is some evidence that the American press played a legitimizing role in the elections. While the elections received twice as much coverage in the American press as they did in the Canadian press, with the exception of some differences in leader evaluation and emphasis on issues, Canadians received essentially the same media portrayal of the elections as did Americans.