bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prometheus’s heart: what lies beneath
Authors: Barile Lucio , Lionetti Vincenzo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIntroductionAdult cardiomyocyte turnoverCardiac tissue generation: contribution of resident interstitial cellsSignalling of miocardiogenesis: a developmental perspectiveImaging of self‐renewed myocardiumConclusionsA heart attack kills off many cells in the heart. Parts of the heart become thin and fail to contract properly following the replacement of lost cells by scar tissue. However, the notion that the same adult cardiomyocytes beat throughout the lifespan of the organ and organism, without the need for a minimum turnover, gives way to a fascinating investigations. Since the late 1800s, scientists and cardiologists wanted to demonstrate that the cardiomyocytes cannot be generated after the perinatal period in human beings. This curiosity has been passed down in subsequent years and has motivated more and more accurate studies in an attempt to exclude the presence of renewed cardiomyocytes in the tissue bordering the ischaemic area, and then to confirm the dogma of the heart as terminally differentiated organ. Conversely, peri‐lesional mitosis of cardiomyocytes were discovered initially by light microscopy and subsequently confirmed by more sophisticated technologies. Controversial evidence of mechanisms underlying myocardial regeneration has shown that adult cardiomyocytes are renewed through a slow turnover, even in the absence of damage. This turnover is ensured by the activation of rare clusters of progenitor cells interspersed among the cardiac cells functionally mature. Cardiac progenitor cells continuously interact with each other, with the cells circulating in the vessels of the coronary microcirculation and myocardial cells in auto‐/paracrine manner. Much remains to be understood; however, the limited functional recovery in human beings after myocardial injury clearly demonstrates weak regenerative potential of cardiomyocytes and encourages the development of new approaches to stimulate this process.
Leukemia cutis – epidemiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnoses
Authors: Wagner Gunnar , Fenchel Klaus , Back Walter , Schulz Alina , Sachse Michael Max 
Published: November 2011

SummaryLeukemia cutis is an extramedullary manifestation of leukemia. The frequency and age distribution depend on the leukemia subtype. The clinical and morphological findings have a wide range of cutaneous manifestations and may present with nodular lesions and plaques. Rare manifestations include erythematous macules, blisters and ulcers which can each occur alone or in combination. Apart from solitary or grouped lesions, leukemia cutis may also present with an erythematous rash in a polymorphic clinical pattern. Consequently, leukemia cutis has to be distinguished from numerous differential diagnoses, i. e. cutaneous metastases of visceral malignancies, lymphoma, drug eruptions, viral infections, syphilis, ulcers of various origins, and blistering diseases. In the oral mucosa, gingival hyperplasia is the main differential diagnosis.The knowledge of the clinical morphology is of tremendously importance in cases in which leukemia was not yet known.
A Comparison between Endodontics and Implantology: An 8‐Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Vozza Iole , Barone Antonio , Quaranta Manlio , De Paolis Gianfranco , Covani Ugo , Quaranta Alessandro 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this study was to compare endodontic and implant treatments and to evaluate their predictability over an 8‐year period on the basis of an analysis of survival data and a retrospective clinical study.Materials and Methods: A group of 40 partially edentulous patients were selected for this study. Their teeth had been endodontically treated and rehabilitated using gold alloy and ceramic restorations. In these patients, 65 osseointegrated implants were restored with single gold alloy–ceramic crowns and monitored on a yearly basis for 8 years with standardized periapical radiographs, using a polivynilsiloxane occlusal key as a positioner. A total of nine patients who did not attend the yearly follow‐up were excluded from the study. The Melloning and Triplett criteria were used to evaluate the clinical results obtained in the implant sites. The clinical results of the 56 endodontically treated teeth, restored with the fixed prosthesis of 40 patients, were analyzed according to probing depth as well as an assessment of the correct apical and coronal seals. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and the statistical significance was calculated using the chi‐square test.Results: During the follow‐up of the endodontically treated elements, seven failures were detected (83.34%) and the success rate of implants inserted in the same patients was equal to 80.8%, with nine implants lost in 8 years. The survival analysis of the elements treated with both therapies was not statistically significant (p = .757) and the confidence interval was between 0.2455 and 2.777.Conclusion: In view of the superimposable results between the two therapies, it should be noted that the endodontically treated teeth could be interested by different pathologies while the restoration of the atrophic edentulous ridge with an implant support is predictable when patients comply with correct oral hygiene and when the occlusal loads are axially distributed in implant‐protected occlusion.
Implant Survival Rates after Osteotome‐Mediated Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Del Fabbro Massimo , Corbella Stefano , Weinstein Tommaso , Ceresoli Valentina , Taschieri Silvio 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate the implant survival rate after osteotome‐mediated maxillary sinus augmentation with or without using grafting materials.Materials and Methods: MEDLINE database was searched using a combination of specific search terms. Furthermore, a hand searching of the relevant journals and of the bibliographies of reviews was performed. Prospective and retrospective clinical studies with at least 20 patients treated by osteotome‐mediated sinus floor elevation were included.Results: Nineteen studies were selected for data analysis. A total of 1,822 patients, accounting for 3,131 implants were considered. Mean weighted cumulative implant survival at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years was estimated as 98.12%, 97.40%, 96.75%, and 95.81%, respectively. No significant difference was found in relation to the use of grafting material nor in relation to implant length. Overall implant survival was 92.7% for 331 implants placed in <5 mm ridge height and 96.9% for 2,525 implants inserted in ≥5 mm ridge height. The difference was significant (p = .0003).Conclusions: The transalveolar sinus augmentation technique could be a viable treatment in case of localized atrophy in the posterior maxilla even in case of minimal residual bone height. The prognosis can be more favorable when the residual ridge is at least 5 mm high.
A METHOD TO ASSESS CHANGES IN MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CHOCOLATE CONFECTIONERY SYSTEMS SUBJECTED TO MOISTURE AND FAT MIGRATION DURING STORAGE
Authors: SVANBERG L. , AHRNÉ L. , LORÉN N. , WINDHAB E. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTAn Instron universal testing machine was used to assess fundamental parameters, such as Young's modulus, tensile strength and tensile strain, in order to determine the effect of fat and moisture migration on the mechanical properties of chocolate during storage. Two thin steel anchorages were inserted into each end of the chocolate samples during molding. These anchorages were used to mount the samples in the instrument without inducing stresses prior to the start of the experiment. Longitudinal forces applied to the chocolate provided a measure of the strength of the bond between different chocolate components (nonfat solids and cocoa butter). The new method proved to be a valid technique that can be used to measure fundamental mechanical parameters and quantify the impact of fat or moisture migration.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe described method enables traction test of chocolate without inducing stresses from the instruments' clamps, thus enabling more precise measurements of fundamental mechanical parameters. The material properties of the chocolate during storage could be quantified and compared with samples subjected to fat or moisture migration, which is a crucial quality defect in confectionery products. The new methodology using an Instron universal testing machine allows for better understanding of the effect of migration from the filling, different chocolate recipes (milk, dark and white) and processing on the material properties in chocolate during storage, which are strongly related to quality or sensorial perception. The assessed fundamental parameters can also be used in mathematical modeling of quality defects such as the cracking behavior of chocolate pralines.
Review of Korean Ibaliidae (Cynipoidea:Hymenoptera) with three species new to Korea
Authors: Choi Won‐Young , Lee Jong‐Wook , Suh Kyong‐In 
Published: November 2011

Ibaliidae is a small parasitoid family including nineteen extant records of species in three genera, Ibalia Latreille, Heteribalia Sakagami and Eileenella Fergusson in the world. All known ibaliids are primary solitary, koinobiont endoparasitoids of wood‐boring sawfly larvae. Some species have been used as biological control agents of siricid forest pests in New Zealand, Australia and Tasmani.Previously, only a species, Ibaliata kachihoi Yasumatsu, synonymized under Ibalia (Tremibalia) jakowlewi Jacobson by Kierych (1973), has been recorded in the Korean fauna (Kim 1970). No study on the family Ibaliidae, however, has been conducted for decades after Kim (1970). Recent survey work of Korean parasitic cynipoidea revealed a number of new records of ibaliid species from the Korean peninsula.In this study, we report three ibaliid species, Ibalia (Ibalia) leucospoides leucospoides, Ibalia (Tremibalia) japonica and Ibalia (Tremibalia) ornate, new to Korean fauna and provide a review of the family Ibaliidae in Korea including a key to Korean ibaliid species and diagnoses with illustrations of known Korean ibaliid species.
A long‐term change of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Cheonggye stream, a restored urban stream in Seoul, Korea
Authors: Choe Lak Jung , Kim Dong Gun , Baek Min Jeong , Kang Hyo Jeong , Lee Song Ji , Lee Cha Young , Cho Seo Young , Park Hyung Joon , Bae Yeon Jae 
Published: November 2011

Stream restoration affects stream biodiversity by improving water quality and habitat environments. Benthic macroinvertebrates are used as indicators of changes in stream environment, and, therefore, the effects of restoration can be evaluated by a long‐term monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrates. Cheonggye stream is an urban stream in Seoul, Korea, and a restoration project was conducted from July 2003 to September 2005. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long‐term changes in the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Cheonggye stream after the restoration project in 2005.A 6‐year field study was seasonally conducted at five study sites in Cheonggye stream from November 2005 to October 2011. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled quantitatively using a Surber sampler (50 × 50 cm; mesh 0.25 mm, two replications per site). As a result, species richness of benthic macroinvertebrates rapidly increased after the restoration project and peaked (35 species per sample) in 2006 but gradually dropped to approximately 20 species up to the recent year. As a consequence, community indices changed gradually according to species richness and abundance: Dominance indices peaked in 2010 and species diversity indices (H') peaked in 2007. According to a functional feeding group analysis, the composition of collector–filterers increased at first, but the decreased gradually to the recent year. In contrast, collector–gatherers showed an opposite tendency. The composition of clingers increased during the initial 4 years (2005–2008), whereas burrowers rapidly increased after 2008.
Community analysis, assessment and evaluation of aquatic ecosystem health of Dongjin River based on Benthic macroinvertebrates
Authors: Jeon Yong‐Lak , Yun Ju‐Chang , Kim Byung‐Jin , Park Young‐Jun 
Published: November 2011

We have studied the structure of community and local characteristics of benthic macro‐invertebrates in Dong‐jin river from May, 2011 to now. The purpose of this study is to supply the data managing water quality in main stream of this river. This study has been still doing till now.During the period of experiment we found 69 species of 51 genera, 36 families of 13 orders, and 5classes of 3 phyla. Among them most of them, 80% is aquatic insects, consisting of 55 species of 41 genera, and 28 families of 7 orders. The dominant species was midges and DI(Dominance Index) of them is highest, 1.00 in site, but lowest, 0.44 in site 4. The species H'(Diversity Index) was highest, 2.38 in site 2, but lowest 0.46 in site 5. The species EI(Evenness Index) was highest, 0.92 in site 11, but lowest 0.42 in site 5. The species RI(Richness Index) was highest 4.20 in site 4, but lowest, 0.63 in site 5. Examining of FFG(Functional feeding group) GC(Gathering Collector) was 44%, comparatively high. Examining KSI(Korean saprobic index) the average value was good, C level.
Laval mortality of Protaetia brevitarsis in accordance with the different incubation conditions
Authors: Lee Yeonsoon , Kang Mingu , Lee Hyoki , Kang Hyunjun , Jang Heeseung , Son Moonhui , Cha Jungmoon , Kwon Yongeok , Bae Hyesu , Kwon Ohseok 
Published: November 2011

This study was carried out to determine whether different incubation conditions can affect the larval mortality of Protaetia brevitarsis. In addition, it was carried out to obtain information about the oviposition pattern of P. brevitarsis.P. brevitarsis that was used it the study was a new‐born adult. Adults rearing condition was as follows; temperature 25°C∼27°C, long‐day length (16L:8D), and relative humidity 80%. Larvae were reared at 25°C∼27°C temperature and 80% relative humidity.A total of four types of incubation conditions was designed. First type is the 50 eggs arranged at regular intervals on sawdust (E1). Second type is the 50 eggs put together in the center (E2). Third type is the shift out sawdust and put out adults of P. brevitarsis then put a new cage (E3). Last, lured with bait and put out adults, then put in a new cage (Control). Two weeks later, cages were checked for larval mortality. All of the cages were checked once a week.Types of collect egg are 3. First, don't collect eggs, just lured adults with bait (Control). Second, collect eggs (R1). Last, sift out adults using sieve (R3). Control and R3 eggs remained in cage. Just R1 eggs were arranged on sawdust in new cage.In this study, just Control 1. (10 times repeat) was finished. And other experimental sets are being carried out. In Control 1., larval mortality is 87%. Adults laid 2597 eggs, total 2259 larvae metamorphosed to pupae.Oviposition pattern is Control 1. (10 times repeat) adults laid 3909 eggs, Control 2. (5 times repeat) adults laid 2257 eggs, R1 (10 times repeat) adults laid 3367 eggs, R2 (5 times repeat) adults laid 2142 eggs. Control 1. is preliminary experiment. So, after finish that experiment, repeat that one more time.Usually, P. brevitarsis laid eggs for approximately 10 weeks. And between 2 to 4 weeks, they laid most eggs.
The Influence of Sediment Control Dam Dredging on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities of Mountain Stream
Authors: Kim Bong‐Sung , Youn Ho‐Joong , Seo Eul‐Won , Lee Jong‐Eun 
Published: November 2011

This study was conducted for determining the influence of Sediment Control Dam dredging on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in mountain stream of Gyeongsangbuk‐do. The sediment control dams were surveyed before and after dredging from mountain streams of Yecheon, Yeongju and Bonghwa in Northern part of Gyeongsangbuk‐do. Sampling was taken at upper and down from 3 experimental sites and 2 control sites during May to August 2011.The identified species before dredging were 56 belonged to 31 families, 11 orders, 6 classes and 4 phyla, but after dredging it has decreased to 51 species belonged to 27 families, 10 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. The microhabitat damage of benthic macroinvertebrates occurred at experimental sites after dredging of sediment check dams led to reduction of the number of species and individuals. Especially, upper stream of experimental sites showed the reduction of an average of 38% species. In general, species diversity indices and species richness indices decreased after dredging; however, dominance indices increased at experimental sites. In the upper stream of experimental sites, the microhabitat damaged and became pool due to dredging. Also, velocity of flow decreased and the river bed became simply due to the sedimentary matter being finer than sand and silt. As a result, composition of functional feeding groups and functional feeding groups were relatively simpler at upper stream and the degree of community differences was greater between upper and down stream. Also, Chironomidae spp., Ephemeridae spp., and Odonata spp. to prefer where slow velocity of flow and lentic increased in a greater rate, and the EPT/C index to indicate the balance of the community decreased.
Functional Analysis of Genes of Chitin Metabolism in Tribolium castaneum by RNA interference
Authors: Arakane Yasuyuki , Muthukrishnan Subbaratnam , Beeman Richard W. , Kramer Karl J. 
Published: November 2011

A bioinformatics search of the genome of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, has identified families of genes encoding chitin synthases (CHS), chitinases (CHT), N‐acetylglucosaminidases (NAG), chitin deacetylases (CDA) and other proteins such as Retroactive (RTV) and Knickkopf (KNK), which may be involved in chitin assembly. The predicted gene models were confirmed or corrected by direct cDNA cloning. Tissue‐specific and developmental stage‐specific expression patterns were also investigated by RT‐PCR analyses. The roles of these proteins in synthesis, turnover and/or organization of chitin in the cuticle have been investigated in this model beetle species by RNA interference (RNAi), confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Injections of 2‐200 ng of double‐stranded RNAs into larvae, pupae or adults resulted in specific down‐regulation of the targeted transcripts within 2‐3 days. RNAi for many of these genes resulted in distinct phenotypes, which included lethality, molting arrest, developmental and cuticular abnormalities and failure of egg‐hatch.These studies have revealed that many apparently redundant genes of chitin metabolism have distinct physiological functions and/or tissue specificities. For example, the two CHS genes specialize in making chitin that becomes part of either the cuticle or the peritrophic matrix (PM). One chitinase (CHT10) is critical for every molt, whereas another chitinase (CHT5) is essential only for the adult molt. RNAi for two other chitinase/chitinase‐like proteins results in developmental arrest or morphological abnormalities. Interestingly, two CDAs appear to be essential for molting as well. KNK and RTV appear to be involved in the protection of chitin from chitinases as well as assembly of chitin laminae in the procuticle. Some proteins with peritrophin‐A type chitin‐binding domains (ChtBD2 domains) also appear to be essential for molting and/or survival.
RNAi‐based functional analysis of yellow‐e in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Noh Mi Young , Kanost Michael R. , Muthukrishnan Subbaratnam , Beeman Richard W. , Kramer Karl J. , Arakane Yasyuki 
Published: November 2011

Pigmentation/melanization is an important physiological event in insect development and is involved in cuticle tanning, wound healing and encapsulation as a defensive response as well as in egg chorion hardening. “Yellow” protein (dopachrome conversion enzyme, DCE) is involved in the melanin biosynthetic pathway and significantly accelerates pigmentation and melanization reactions. Recent studies have suggested that yellow is a rapidly evolving gene family generating functionally diverse paralogs. However, the exact physiological functions of several yellow genes are still not understood. Tribolium castaneum (Tc) is an excellent experimental insect to determine the roles of individual yellow genes because it is possible to carry out RNA interference (RNAi) experiments by injecting gene‐specific double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) into insects at all developmental stages.Injection of dsRNAs for Tcyellow‐e (TcY‐e) into last instar larvae had no effect on larval‐pupal molting, and the resulting pupae developed normally. The pupal cuticle including the setae, gin traps and urogomphi showed normal tanning. Adult cuticle could also be viewed through the translucent pupal cuticle. Adult cuticle tanning including the head, mandibles and legs was initiated on schedule (pupal day 4‐5), indicating that TcY‐e is not required for pupal or adult cuticle pigmentation in T. castaneum. The subsequent pupal‐adult molt, however, was adversely affected. Although pupal cuticle apolysis and slippage were evident, some of the adults (∼20%) were unable to shed their exuvium and died entrapped in their pupal cuticle. In addition, the resulting adults rapidly became completely desiccated. Failure of the pupal‐adult molt and desiccation‐induced mortality were prevented by maintaining dsRNA TcY‐e‐treated insects at 100% relative humidity (rh). When the humidity‐rescued adults were subsequently moved from 100% rh to 50% rh, they quickly desiccated and died (wild‐type insects thrive throughout development at 50% rh). These results suggest that TcY‐e has a “critical waterproofing” function for cuticle rather than cuticle pigmentation.
Collection of Peripheral Blood CD34+ Progenitor Cells from Healthy Dogs and Dogs Diagnosed with Lymphoproliferative Diseases Using a Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus Blood Cell Separator
Authors: Suter S.E. 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundCanine peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apheresis using a Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus automated blood cell separator has not been reported.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility and safety of using a CS‐3000 Plus blood cell separator with a small volume separation container holder (SVSCH) and small volume collection chamber (SVCC) to harvest canine PBMCs from dogs weighing <50 kg.AnimalsEight healthy mongrel dogs and 11 client‐owned dogs in clinical remission for lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD).MethodsIn this prospective study, aphereses were performed using a Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus blood cell separator, with or without recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) treatment.ResultsAphereses from 6 healthy dogs given rhG‐CSF yielded an average of 1.1 × 107 ± 8.2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Aphereses from LPD dogs given rhG‐CSF yielded an average of 5.4 × 106 ± 3.25 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg (P = .17). Higher hematocrit in both groups of dogs receiving rhG‐CSF correlated with an increased number of CD34+ cells/kg harvested (healthy, P = .04; LPD, P = .05). Apheresis was well tolerated by all dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCanine PBMC apheresis using the Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus cell separator with an SVSCH and SVCC is a feasible and safe option for harvesting an adequate number of CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells from dogs weighing ≥17 kg for hematopoietic cell transplantation.