bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different amplification patterns of the human telomerase RNA gene in invasive cervical carcinomas and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III
Authors: Xiang Libing , Yang Huijuan , Li Jin , Wu Xiaohua , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the amplification patterns of the human telomerase RNA gene (hTERC) in invasive cervical carcinomas (ICC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III (CIN III) and to define their potential clinical implications. Cervical liquid‐based cytological (LBC) specimens were collected from 53 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), 14 CIN III, and 20 normal controls. Copy numbers of the hTERC gene were measured by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a dual‐color probe containing the hTERC probe and the control, chromosome 3 centromere‐specific probe (CSP3). Nucleus with abnormal FISH pattern for hTERC was observed in 0.94–90.65% of SCC cells and in 0–85.59% of CIN III cells. Using the threshold of 5.89%, the occurrence of hTERC amplification in SCC and CIN III was similar (90.6% vs. 85.7%, P = 0.630). However, the median percentage of cells with extra gains of hTERC (hTERC:CSP3 > 1) in SCC was higher than in CIN III (64.3% vs. 31.7%, P = 0.001). Among those cells, the 3:2 signal pattern was the leading pattern for both SCC and CIN III; high‐level amplification of hTERC was more common in SCC than in CIN III (60.9% vs. 48.9%, P = 0.002). In SCC, it was not found that extra gains of hTERC were associated with any clinicopathological parameters. Thus, hTERC amplification was common in cervical exfoliated cells from SCC and CIN III. More complex amplification patterns of hTERC were present in ICC. Clinical usefulness of hTERC amplification in LBC samples was limited in ICC. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of geoadditive models to estimate the spatial distribution of grain weight in an agronomic field: a comparison with kriging with external drift
Authors: Cafarelli Barbara , Castrignanò Annamaria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe goal of this study is to analyse the spatial distribution of a wheat production indicator in a field trial located in southeastern Italy, in order to ascertain how the plant characteristics and spatial dependence influence its quantity. In standard agronomical applications this kind of data, recorded in georeferenced locations jointly with crop and soil variables, is quite commonly mapped by using kriging with external drift. Such a predictor assumes covariates to have a linear effect on the crop response variables, but it is well known how this assumption is seldom verified and often violated in a typical agronomic trial. In this work we propose the use of geoadditive models for analysing grain weight of a wheat crop in the presence of other covariates, because these models allow the user to investigate both linear and nonlinear relationships between response and exploratory variables simultaneously with modelling. Moreover, in addition to the original geoadditive model formulation by Kammann and Wand (2003), the use of the exponential and the Gaussian spatial correlation structures was explicitly considered. Different models were compared using a set of cross validation criteria. The results showed that the geoadditive model with an exponential correlation structure was preferred to kriging with external drift in terms of unbiasedness of the predictor, accuracy of the mean squared prediction and goodness of fit for this agricultural trial. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of reactive phosphate rocks as fertilizer on acid upland soils in Indonesia: accumulation of cadmium and zinc in soils and shoots of maize plants
Authors: Rochayati Sri , Du Laing Gijs , Rinklebe Jörg , Meissner Ralph , Verloo Marc 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA pot experiment was conducted to study the contribution of reactive phosphate rocks (RPRs) on the accumulation of Cd and Zn in 10 acid upland soils in Indonesia and shoots of Zea mays plants grown on these soils. Two types of RPR were used at a rate of 0.5 g (kg soil)–1: RPRL containing 4 mg Cd kg–1 and 224 mg Zn kg–1, and RPRH containing 69 mg Cd kg–1 and 745 mg Zn kg–1. Zea mays was harvested at 6 weeks after planting. The application of RPRH significantly increased the concentrations of Cd in the shoots. The application of this RPR also increased the amount of Cd which could be extracted by 0.5 M NH4‐acetate + 0.02 M EDTA pH 4.65 from the soils. More than 90% of the added Cd remained in the soil. As Zn is an essential element and the studied acid upland soils are Zn‐deficient, increased plant growth upon RPR application might be partly attributed to Zn present in the phosphate rock. However, more experiments are needed to confirm this hypothesis. The Cd and Zn concentrations and CEC of the soils were important soil factors influencing the concentrations of Cd and Zn in the shoots of maize plants grown on these soils.
Determination of the polymer tacticity from calculation of infrared spectra based on classical molecular simulations
Authors: Soldera Armand 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe infrared absorption spectra of poly(tetrafluoroethylene), PTFE, and poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), PCTFE, are simulated using a method based on a combination of classical molecular simulations of the amorphous polymer phase with Kramers‐Kronig relations. The differences and the analogies between experimental and calculated spectra of the non‐stereoregular fluoride polymer, PTFE, are first reported. The isotactic and syndiotactic configurations of PCTFE are then investigated. The comparison between experimental and simulated spectra is established on a vibrational analysis. It reveals the preferred syndiotactic configuration adopted by the PCTFE chain.
Comparison between the glass transition temperatures of the two PMMA tacticities: A molecular dynamics simulation point of view
Authors: Soldera Armand 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe difference in the glass transition temperatures, Tg, of the iso‐ and syndiotactic forms of PMMA has been investigated through molecular dynamics simulations of short duration (110 ps) using an accurate force field, pcff. To correlate with the Gibbs‐DiMarzio theory, which specifies that conformational energy is a primary factor in determining Tg, an energetic analysis has been carried out. It is found that syndiotactic PMMA possesses lower intramolecular energy where the governing contribution is brought by the angle bending term; whereas the isotactic PMMA exhibits lower intermolecular energy. Such a behavior suggests that the chain packing greatly determines the difference in the Tg.
Reproducing successful rituals in bad times: Exploring emotional interactions of a new science teacher
Authors: Ritchie Stephen M. , Tobin Kenneth , Hudson Peter , Roth Wolff‐Michael , Mergard Victoria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTeaching is emotional work. This is especially the case in the first years of teaching when new teachers are particularly vulnerable. By understanding changes in teacher emotions in the early years of teaching, we hope to identify strategies that might ultimately reduce teacher attrition. As part of a larger study of the transition of new teachers to the profession, this ethnographic case study explores how a new science teacher produced and reproduced positive emotional interaction rituals with her students in her first year of teaching. We show how dialogical interactions were positive and satisfying experiences for the teacher, and how they were reproduced successfully in different contexts. We also illustrate how both teacher and students used humor to create a structure for dialogical interactions. During these successful interactions, the students used shared resources to satisfy their teacher that they were engaging in the relevant science content. The implications of what we have learned for the professional development of new teachers are discussed in relation to an expanded understanding of teacher emotions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95:745–765, 2011
Phase Equilibrium Measurements of Sacha Inchi Oil (Plukenetia volubilis) and CO2 at High Pressures
Authors: do Prado Ivor M. , Giufrida Willyan M. , Alvarez Víctor H. , Cabral Vladimir F. , Quispe‐Condori Sócrates , Saldaña Marleny D. A. , Cardozo‐Filho Lucio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNew data on phase equilibria for Sacha inchi seed oil in carbon dioxide have been measured using a variable volume cell phase equilibria system at temperatures of 303, 313 and 323 K and at pressures ranging from 4.3 to 27.7 MPa. The CO2 mole fraction varied from 0.7488 to 0.9997. At the studied concentrations, phase transitions of vapor‐liquid, liquid‐liquid‐vapor and liquid‐liquid were observed. Sacha inchi oil contains 47% of omega‐3 fatty acids, with a ratio of 0.76:1 for omega‐6:omega‐3, which is good for human health. The Peng‐Robinson equation of state was used to describe the experimental data. A qualitative agreement was obtained between experimental and calculated data for the binary system CO2 and Sacha inchi seed oil.
Deposit architecture and dynamics of the 2006 block‐and‐ash flows of Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia
Authors: CHARBONNIER SYLVAIN J. , GERTISSER RALF 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe internal architecture of the 2006 block‐and‐ash flow deposits of Merapi volcano (Java, Indonesia) was investigated using data collected from 27 stratigraphic sections measured immediately after flow emplacement, and after one and two rainy seasons of erosion. Identification of different depositional units and their longitudinal and lateral facies variations provide detailed information about: (i) the distribution, volumes and sedimentological characteristics of the different units; (ii) flow types and mobility as inferred from associated deposits; and (iii) changes in the dynamics of the different flows and their material during emplacement. Two main types of block‐and‐ash flows (short‐runout to medium‐runout block‐and‐ash flows and long‐runout block‐and‐ash flows) are defined based on flow generation mechanism, flow volume, travel distance, deposit morphology, distribution, lithology and grain‐size distribution. Conceptual models for the transport and depositional mechanisms of these two types of block‐and‐ash flows are presented. Variations in the runout distances observed for short‐runout to medium‐runout block‐and‐ash flows are linked directly to different initial flow volumes, degree of fragmentation and material properties of the moving mass during transport, with the largest and finer grained flows having the greatest mobility. Deposition occurs only over a narrow range of basal inclinations close to the angle of repose for pyroclastic material, indicating that such flows behave in a similar way to granular‐free surface flows on unconfined planes. The flow mechanisms of long‐runout block‐and‐ash flows at Merapi are interpreted to be similar, in many respects, to unsteady, cohesionless grain flows with an inertial flow regime where collisional forces largely overcome frictional forces. Flow unsteadiness causes the main body to be segmented into different pulses that run closer to each other as the flow moves downslope. Deposition occurs stepwise, with rapid aggradation of stacked sub‐units from different parts of the major flow pulses. In such a model, the arrival of each flow pulse front at selected sites in the main river valley controls the generation and development of highly mobile, unconfined pyroclastic flows outside valley regions and their associated overbank deposits.
The pharmaceuticalisation of society? A framework for analysis
Authors: Williams Simon J. , Martin Paul , Gabe Jonathan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDrawing on insights from both medical sociology and science and technology studies this article provides a critical analysis of the nature and status of pharmaceuticalisation in terms of the following key dimensions and dynamics: (i) the redefinition or reconfiguration of health ‘problems’ as having a pharmaceutical solution; (ii) changing forms of governance; (iii) mediation; (iv) the creation of new techno‐social identities and the mobilisation of patient or consumer groups around drugs; (v) the use of drugs for non‐medical purposes and the creation of new consumer markets; and, finally, (vi) drug innovation and the colonisation of health futures. Pharmaceuticalisation, we argue, is therefore best viewed in terms of a number of heterogeneous socio‐technical processes that operate at multiple macro‐levels and micro‐levels that are often only partial or incomplete. The article concludes by drawing out some broader conceptual and reflexive issues this raises as to how we might best understand pharmaceuticalisation, based on our analysis, as a framework for future sociological work in this field.
Clinical and diagnostic features of in situ melanoma and superficial spreading melanoma: a hospital based study
Authors: Rosina P. , Tessari G. , Giordano M.V. , Girolomoni G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground  Despite the incidence of in situ melanoma is continuously rising; few studies have investigated its clinical and diagnostic features.Objective  To investigate clinical and diagnostic features of in situ melanoma compared to superficial spreading melanoma (SSM).Methods  This is a hospital based, case‐control study. Ninety consecutive patients with an in situ melanoma and 90 age and gender matched patients with SSM were enrolled. Main outcome measures were differences in clinical signs that aroused suspicion of in situ melanoma, detection modalities (self‐detection vs. incidental detection by a physician), factors conditioning time between first noticing the suspect lesions and the physician visit.Results  Median diameter of in situ melanoma was smaller than SSM (7.5 vs. 9.0 mm, P < 0.024), and 47.8% of in situ melanomas were smaller than 6 mm, in contrast to 25.6% of SSM (P < 0.002). In situ melanoma was mainly detected by a dermatologist (Odds Ratio 2.95 P = 0.018), and in patients with more than 10 melanocytic naevi (Odds Ratio 3.12, P = 0.008). Clinical factors independently associated to early request of dermatological consultation were age older than 45 years (Odds ratio 3.47, P = 0.002) and location of lesion in a difficult observation skin site (Odds ratio 4.20, P = 0.001), but not Breslow’s thickness.Conclusions  Our findings show that in situ melanoma and SSM share similar clinical characteristics and early warning signs. However, in situ melanoma is smaller in size than SSM. This may have important implications for early diagnosis and prevention strategies.
Improved Survival and Function of Rat Cryopreserved Islets by Coculture With Sertoli Cells
Authors: Li Yang , Xue Wujun , Tian Xiaohui , Ding Xiaoming , Tian Puxun , Feng Xinshun , Song Yong , Luo Xiaohui , Liu Hongbao , Wang Xiaohong , Ding Chenguang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn order to investigate how to improve the function and survival of cryopreserved islets, we cocultured cryopreserved thawed rat islets with rat Sertoli cells. After thawing, the islets were divided into the Sertoli cell coculture group and the control group. Using light and transmission electron microscopes, we examined the morphology of islets and measured their apoptosis index (AI) and insulin release stimulation index (SI). Moreover, we measured apoptosis protein and mRNA by western‐blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and cytokine concentrations in supernatant by ELISA. We examined islet graft survival time in diabetic mice and detected insulin in grafts by immunohistochemistry. We found that the morphology, AI, and SI of the coculture group were all significantly improved. The relative expression levels of cleaved caspase‐3 P20, P11, and caspase‐7 in the coculture group were lower than those in the control group. Compared with the control group, the expression level of Bax was decreased, but that of Bcl‐2 was increased. After transplantation, islet survival in the coculture group was similar to that of fresh islets but longer than that in the control group. These results suggest that coculture with rat Sertoli cells significantly improves the yield and function of rat cryopreserved thawed islets by effectively reducing islet apoptosis.
Chief Executive Officer Incentives, Monitoring, and Corporate Risk Management: Evidence From Insurance Use
Authors: Adams Mike , Lin Chen , Zou Hong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCorporate governance and risk management issues have received prominent publicity in recent years following several major company failures such as Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers. While prior studies have examined this issue within the context of derivatives’ trading, little is known regarding the linkage between corporate governance and alternative corporate risk management activities such as insurance. Using a detailed firm survey conducted by the World Bank (2004), we examine the impacts of various governance monitoring mechanisms and chief executive officer (CEO) characteristics on the corporate insurance decision. Overall, our results suggest that both monitoring mechanisms and managerial incentives induce the corporate purchase of property insurance. However, the purchase of property insurance for managerial self‐interest is only prevalent in firms subject to lax monitoring, and the determinants of insurance purchases are more in line with the prediction of the economic theory in firms with strong monitoring. In addition, our study contributes a number of new insights into the determinants of corporate purchase of property insurance.
Effect of intracerebroventricular injections of prolactin‐releasing peptide on prolactin release and stress‐related responses in steers
Authors: KITAGAWA Sayuki , ABE Naoshige , SUTOH Madoka , KASUYA Etsuko , SUGITA Shoei , AOYAMA Masato , YAYOU Ken‐ichi 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTSome evidence suggests that there might be a species difference in the effect of intracerebroventricularly administered (ICV) prolactin‐releasing peptide (PrRP) between rodents and sheep. We compared the levels of cortisol (CORT) and prolactin (PRL), rectal temperature (RT) and behavioral responses to ICV bovine PrRP (bPrRP) in steers. ICV bPrRP (0.2, 2 and 20 nmol/200 µL) tended to evoke a dose‐related increase in CORT concentrations and 0.2 nmol of bPrRP induced transient increase in PRL concentrations. A significant time–treatment interaction was observed for the percent change of CORT (P < 0.05) and PRL (P < 0.05) from pre‐injection value. The time–treatment interaction for changes in RT was not significant (P = 0.50). There tended to be a difference among the four treatments in terms of maximum change in RT from the pre‐injection value between 0 and 90 min (P < 0.1). Stress‐related behavioral signs were not observed in the present experiment. These findings indicate that ICV bPrRP increased CORT and PRL levels, suggesting that central PrRP might participate in controlling the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis and PRL release in cattle, unlike sheep. In contrast, central PrRP is unlikely to be involved in controlling the behavior of this species because ICV bPrRP did not induce marked changes in their behavior.
A proximal genomic region of mouse chromosome 10 contains quantitative trait loci affecting fatness
Authors: ISHIKAWA Akira , TANAHASHI Takahisa , KODAMA Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTBody weight and fatness are quantitative traits of agricultural and medical importance. In previous genome‐wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses, two QTLs for body weight and weight gain at an early postnatal growth period were discovered on mouse chromosome 10 from a gene pool of wild subspecies mice, Mus musculus castaneus. In this study, we developed a congenic strain with an approximately 63‐Mb wild‐derived genomic region on which the two growth QTLs could be located, by recurrent backcrossing to the common inbred strain C57BL/6J. We compared body weights at 1–10 weeks of age, body weight gains at 1–3, 3–6 and 6–10 weeks, internal organ weights and body lengths between the congenic strain developed and C57BL/6J. Unfortunately, no effects of the two growth QTLs on body weights and weight gains were confirmed. However, at least two new QTLs affecting fatness traits were discovered within the introgressed congenic region. The wild‐derived allele at one QTL increased body mass index, whereas at another one it decreased white fat pad weight and adiposity index. Thus, the congenic mouse strain developed here is a useful model animal for understanding the genetic and molecular basis of fat deposition in livestock as well as humans.
Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in a rural Chinese population with type 2 diabetes: the Handan Eye Study
Authors: Wang Feng Hua , Liang Yuan Bo , Peng Xiao Yan , Wang Jie Jin , Zhang Feng , Wei Wen Bin , Sun Lan Ping , Friedman David S. , Wang Ning Li , Wong Tien Yin ,   the Handan Eye Study Group
Published: March 2011

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a population‐based sample of rural Chinese with type 2 diabetes.Methods:  The Handan Eye Study is a population‐based cross‐sectional study surveyed 6830 Chinese people aged 30+ years from 13 randomly selected villages in 2006–2007. All participants underwent a standardized interview and extensive examinations including ophthalmologic and systemic conditions. Diabetic retinopathy was graded from fundus photographs according to the modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification system. Logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors associated with DR.Results:  Of 7577 eligible persons, 6830 (90.4%) participated, of which 5597 (81.9%) had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) data. There were 387 (6.9%) participants with diabetes, and 368 (95.1%) had gradable fundus photographs. The age‐standardized prevalence of DR was 43.1%. In multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models for all diabetic participants, independent risk factors for DR were longer duration of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 3.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.94, 4.85, per 5 years of duration), higher FPG levels (OR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.27, per mmol/l increase) and higher systolic blood pressure (OR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.37, per 10 mmHg increase). For newly diagnosed diabetes, the only significant factor of DR was higher FPG levels (OR 1.17; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.29, per mmol/l increase).Conclusions:  In rural Chinese persons with diabetes, longer diabetes duration, hyperglycaemia and elevated blood pressure are risk factors for DR. These findings underscore the importance of controlling classic risk factors for DR in developing countries, where diabetes prevalence is increasing.