bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Preferences for Mate Song in Female Canaries (Serinus Canaria)
Authors: Beguin Nathalie , Leboucher Gerard , Kreutzer Michel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that female passerine birds give more sexual displays for songs of their mates than for songs of other males. The present study aimed to determine to what extent familiarisation with a song may account for females' song preferences. Ten female canaries were paired with a male during 3 days before egg laying; females were subsequently left alone to incubate and rear their young. Females were subjected to the familiarisation procedure when nestlings were 9 days old, until they were 17 days old. During the familiarisation period, twice a day, each female was successively exposed to the playback of three successive song records: (a) The mate song (M), a song frequently emitted by their previous sexual partner; when this song was played back, females were concurrently exposed to the sight of their previous mate. (b) The song of a non-mate accompanied by the sight of the mate (NMAS), a song emitted by a non-mate male; when this song was played back, females were also exposed to the sight of their previous mate. (c) The song of a non-mate not accompanied by the sight of the mate (NMNAS). At the end of this familiarisation period, the sexual preferences of the females for these songs were studied. Sexual responses were elicited by the emission of the M, NMAS and NMNAS songs, without male presentation. We analysed the total number of copulation solicitation displays (CSDs) elicited by each song. Females displayed more for M song than for NMAS or NMNAS songs. Eight of the 10 females gave at least half of their displays to M song. In a separate experiment, females without reproductive experience with the males failed to present a preference for any of these songs. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that mate recognition is not a mere effect of familiarisation with songs but is closely associated with previous reproductive experience. Song preferences that develop as a result of association with a particular male may be important in the maintenance of pair bonds and could influence future copulation acceptance with this mate.
Positioning Behaviour in Roach Shoals: The Role of Body Length and Nutritional State
Authors: Krause Jens , Reeves Paul , Hoare Daniel 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This study investigated the positioning behaviour of individual fish in small shoals of 2 and 10 roach, Rutilus rutilus. In pairs consisting of one small and one large fish with an average length difference of 10 mm, no difference was observed in the number of initiations of shoal movement between small and large fish. However, once both fish were moving, large fish took up the front position more frequently than small ones. A subsequent experiment showed that body length was positively correlated with swimming speed which could explain the leading position of large fish. In a second experiment, using pairs of size-matched fish we found that in moving shoals fish which had been deprived of food for 7 days were more likely to take up front positions than well-fed conspecifics. No difference, however, was observed in the frequency of initiations of shoal movement. A final experiment with pairs and shoals of 10 fish showed that fish in the front position (and in the front half of the shoal for shoals of 10 fish) were much more likely to obtain food particles than fish in other shoal positions when resources were limited. This could provide a functional explanation for the occurrence of food-deprived fish in front positions. Our results suggest that the initiation of new swimming directions in stationary shoals does not follow the same principles as positioning behaviour in shoals that are already on the move.
Food Abundance, Intruder Pressure, and Body Size as Determinants of Territory Size in Juvenile Steelhead Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Authors: Keeley  , McPhail  
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe observed the behaviour of juvenile steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in two rivers in British Columbia, Canada, to determine the importance of invertebrate drift abundance, intruder pressure, and body size of territory holders as correlates of territory size. Territory size increased with increasing fish size, but fish smaller than 5 cm had relatively large territories for their body size, in comparison to fish that were larger than 5 cm in length. After statistically controlling for the effect of body size, territory size was inversely related to the abundance of drifting invertebrates. Territory size was not related to the number of intrusions observed on a territory per hour, but was inversely related to local fish density, a second measure of intruder pressure. Steelhead trout appear to defend territory areas that are most similar in size to juvenile Atlantic salmon. This study provides evidence that stream-dwelling salmonids scale territory size to body size in a manner that allows them to capture a maximum daily ration of food on their territories.
Mate Selection by Male Winter Moths Operophtera Brumata (Lepidoptera, Geometrldae): Adaptive Male Choice or Female Control?
Authors: Van Dongen Stefan , Matthysen Erik , Sprengers Ellen , Dhondt André 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Mate choice is an important component of sexual selection. It is expected to evolve if the benefits of choice outweigh the costs. Yet, the relative importance of costs and benefits in the evolution of mate choice remain poorly understood. In this study we present experimental evidence for adaptive mate choice by males, but not females, in the winter moth. In a series of experiments we show that: (a) males have a higher probability of attempting to copulate, and consequently also a higher probability to copulate with a larger, more fecund female; (b) if males are given the choice between two females they are more likely to copulate with the larger female; and (c) females do not seem to show any mate discrimination. A sample of winter moths collected in copula in the field did not show any assortative mating for body size. This is the first demonstration of male choice in a moth species with chemical communication. This choice is possibly based on variation in female pheromone quality and/or quantity. We argue that the relatively higher variation in female quality and the limited number of male matings probably have led to male choosiness despite a strongly male biased operational sex ratio. This is consistent with recent studies indicating that choice and competition may occur more frequently in the same sex than previously thought.
Genetic Analysis of Predatory Efficiency in Natural and Laboratory Made Hybrids of Poeciliopsis (Pisces: Poeciliidae)
Authors: Lima Neuza Rejane Wille 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMultiple hybridization events between females of Poeciliopsis monacha and males of P. lucida have produced a genetic diversity of all-female biotypes in Sonora, Mexico. All-females depend on the sperm of their sexual ancestors. Strong competition among all-females and their coexistent sexual host take place. The frozen niche-variation model was proposed to explain how such coexistence is possible and how the genetic diversity of all-female biotypes arose. According to this model, the hybrids have multiple origins, freeze and replicate unique genotypes, and produce phenotypic differences with reduced ecological overlap with one another and their sexual ancestors. The objective of the study was to test whether differences in predatory efficiency of all-females are 'frozen' from the sexual ancestor which possessed phenotypic diversity for that behavioural trait. I investigated predatory efficiency in nine strains of Poeciliopsis (P. monacha, two natural hybrids, and six laboratory made hybrids). First, I analysed the variation in average performances of each strain for time spent in capture and handling of two prey species (Artemia salina and Daphnia magna). Second, I offered both prey simultaneously to test if preference affects the average time spent to handle prey. Preference for prey species was analysed using the order of capture as reference. Handling time and prey preference differed among laboratory made hybrids, supporting frozen niche-variation model assumptions.
Conspecific Recognition in Pigeons (Columba Livia) Using Dynamic Video Images
Authors: Shimizu  
Published: March 2012

AbstractVideo images of pigeons were used to examine the degree to which these images are equivalent to real live conspecifics by analyzing the natural behaviors of pigeons in the presence of each stimulus. Three aspects of courtship display (i.e. bowing, tail-dragging, and vocalizations) were selected and the display duration for each was measured. When videotaped images of female pigeons were presented as stimuli, the display duration by male pigeons was not significantly different from that for the live birds. In contrast, the subjects showed much shorter, or no, displays to the video images of a non-pigeon bird (cockatoo) and an empty chamber. The results suggest that the video images of pigeons contained necessary information to trigger the courtship behaviors. Furthermore, the present study examined which features of the video images were critical for triggering the displays by manipulating the images. Thus, the subjects' behaviors were more vigorous (1) when video images were in motion rather than still, and (2) when the head-only region was visible rather than the body-only region. These results suggest that motion and facial/head characteristics are important features. Collectively, the results indicate that the use of video images as stimuli and courtship displays as measures provide a useful method to study the visual recognition of conspecifics in birds.
Geographic Variation in South Pacific Humpback Whale Songs
Authors: Helweg David , Cato Douglas , Jenkins Peter , Garrigue Claire , McCauley Robert 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Every winter, (male) humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) produce long
complex songs. Song content is dynamic and singers incorporate changes as
they occur, thus song is shared through cultural transmission. We compared
songs recorded in winter migratory termini in Tonga, New Caledonia, Eastern
Australia, and on migration paths off Eastern Australia and New Zealand, in
the winter of 1994. Seven themes were shared by all regions, with an
additional two themes shared by all but Tonga. Differences in regional
variants were most pronounced between Tongan and Eastern Australian song.
New Caledonian and Kaikouran song were more similar to songs from Eastern
Australia rather than Tonga. These regional differences were stable across
the season. The results suggest some migratory exchange among widely
separate wintering regions of Area V, consistent with tag recovery data, but
the time and location at which song sharing occurs remains speculative.
Musik und Politik Über die gesellschaftliche Relevanz von Musik und Musikwissenschaft
Authors: Koldau Linda Maria 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThough often stylized as the most transcendent of the arts, music is inseparably linked to politics and society. The essay offers several examples of how even the technical and aesthetic aspects of music have been determined by political factors through the ages. In conclusion, the author turns to the political role of musicology and the current tendency in Germany to transfer academic institutes of musicology to conservatories.
Miguel de Unamuno und Antero de Quental Iberische Religionskritik, einbrechende Moderne und die Tragik des Verlustes
Authors: Dix Steffen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn recent years the study of local religious histories, especially in Europe, has gained in prominence. Because of the encounters between different cultural traditions in the Middle Ages and the voyages of discovery, the religious history of the Iberian Peninsula became one of the most complex in Europe. This article focuses on one portion of this history around the turn of the 19th/20th century, and in particular on two attempts to blame the Catholic religion for the general crisis in Spain and Portugal at the start of the modern era. These two forms of critiquing religion are illustrated by the examples of Miguel de Unamuno and Antero de Quental, whose writings were characteristic of the typical relationship between religion and intellectuals in this period. Not only were the Spanish philosopher and the Portuguese poet influential on their own and later generations, but they are also truly representative of a certain tragic ”loss“ of religion in the Iberian Peninsula.
Der Feldgottesdienst zu Jom Kippur vor Metz 1870
Authors: Hübner Holger 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCommemoration of a field service held by 1200 Jewish soldiers protected by their gentile comrades on Yom Kippur of 1870 during the siege of Metz in the Franco-Prussian war played an important role among German Jews as a symbol of acceptance and integration into the society as citizens with equal rights. Based on a short note in several newspapers it became very fast a very common commemoration among Jews. But it was a pious fraud of an act that never happened in the described way. Although this was known and already published in late 1870 it did not hamper the spreading. In recent years this tradition of commemoration was revitalized. This time even in combination with a wrong date: the day when the French garrison of Metz surrendered. Moreover, it is described even by officials as an act of traditional religious tolerance in the German armed forces.
Mit den Waffen der Aufklärung gegen den Antisemitismus
Authors: Krah Franziska 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe rise of political anti-Semitism in Imperial and Weimar Germany met with public opposition initiated primarily by Jews. From various perspectives, jewish journalists and intellectuals investigated the origin of this anti-Semitism, its different manifestations as well as possibilities of its public rejection. Journalist Binjamin W. Segel (1866-1931) hereby focused his efforts on debunking antiSemitic myths, such as the Jewish World Conspiracy, as popularized by the text "The protocols of the Elders of Zion". In his writings, Segel, with an Eastern European background, pays attention to the discrimination of "Ostjuden" (EastEuropean Jews) in particular. Furthermore, Segel deals with questions regarding the origins of anti-Semitism, and the effectiveness of Jewish opposition towards it. The following article outlines his life and discusses his work.
Sotzialistisher Kinder Farband (SKIF) Die Kinderorganisation des
Authors: Schweigmann-Greve Kay 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFollowing the liberation of Poland 1945, the childrens organization of the Jewish-Socialdemocratic "Bund" SKIF formed itself anew and remained in existence until the communists' ban of social democratic organizations. Starting with the first post-war conference of the International of social democratic children and youth education in October 1945 until the mid-sixties the SKIF played a recognizable role within these international structures of the "Falcons" movement. In the late forties the SKIF simultaneously existed in Paris, where a successor organization is still active, and in Brussels. During the seventies and eighties a "SKIF-ist" holiday colony existed in New York and from 1950 until this day further groups exist in Melbourne. Since 1945 the SKIF has existed primarily as an organization of survivors and their children. Later it managed to develop a new function and to offer an educational model for the following generations of Jewish children, which lies beyond religion and Zionism.
Vom Niedergang des akademischen Stils Professoren im Wandel der Zeit
Authors: Knoll Joachim 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article argues that German universities have changed in structure and style and in doing so have distanced themselves from the classic university ideal. This thesis will be illustrated with examples. This development has led to changes that make it plausible to speak of a decline of academic style and professorial culture. Even though almost all reform writings promise not to touch the legacy of the classical university idea, the continuous reform processes (regulation of the university and compartmentalization of disciplines) have made it increasingly difficult to uphold the university's independence. These external developments have also had an effect on the social climate and the respectful cooperation of professors, staff, and students. Even if such blanket statements do not apply everywhere, the reforms should nevertheless keep the history of the university in mind and maintain ,,as much Humboldt as possible."
,,Ich lasse eben alle Antisemiten erschiessen…" Über die Hintergründe für Nietzsches spätes Bekenntnis zum exterminatorischen Anti-Antisemitismus
Authors: Niemeyer Christian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractRecent studies, such as the one by Thomas Mittmann, have drawn new attention to Nietzsche's position towards anti-Semitism. In this context, the following article will delineate a few main ideas on this topic and strive to define Nietzsche's early anti-Semitism more clearly and with regard to the factors that influenced it. The same will be done for Nietzsche's late anti-anti-Semitism, which culminated in his ominous statement: "Just now I am having all anti-Semites shot."
Creation, Sin and Its Curse, and the People of God: an Intertextual Reading of Genesis 1-12 and Acts 1-7
Authors: Phillips Thomas E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis essay offers an intertextual reading of Gen 1-12 and Acts 1-7. Specifically, it considers how three soteriological themes (i.e., creation, sin and its curse, and creation of God's people) play a central role in the narratives of Gen 1-12 and Acts 1-7 and how reading these narratives intertextually can enhance one's appreciation for the evocative power of these themes in Genesis and for their distant echoes in Acts.
“Imitators” (Mimetai) in 1 Cor. 4:16 and 11:1: A New Reading of Threefold Embodiment
Authors: Kim Yung Suk 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWhen it comes to the language of “imitation” (mimesis) in Paul’s letters (1 Cor. 4:16; 11:1; Phil. 3:17; 1 Thess. 1:6-7; 2:14), divisions among scholars are most clearly manifest. At one end of the scholarly spectrum, Paul follows a Stoic model of imitation, according to which the teacher exhorts pupils to follow him, based upon his authority established (demonstrated) by good conduct. Accordingly, Paul is viewed as an advocate of the Hellenistic ideal of unity at the expense of diversity. At the other end of the spectrum, Paul is seen as a social conservative and an obstacle to true liberation. Here the idea of imitation serves as a means of control and domination of others, as post-colonial and feminist scholars have pointed out. So Paul’s exhortation to “be imitators of me, as I am of Christ” (1 Cor. 11:1) is understood as a demand for sameness, an appeal to copy Paul. However, the language of imitation can be read through the eyes of “embodiment”—a way of life, as an alternate meaning of imitation in 1 Corinthians, which will lead to the involvement of three aspects of God, Christ and the believer. I argue that imitation in 1 Corinthians is neither a copy or sameness nor a type or model to be emulated by the Corinthians. Rather, it should be understood as a way of life rooted in the image of Christ crucified, which plays a central role in the letter, deconstructing abusive, destructive powers in a community and society and reconstructing a beloved community for all.
On (Not) Obeying the Sabbath: Reading Jesus Reading Scripture
Authors: Ansell Nicholas 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis essay examines the sabbath controversy of Mark 2:23-28 to see how Jesus faces the challenge of biblical interpretation as he models what it means for his disciples to image God in freedom. In dominant approaches to the Gospels, the interpretive process set in motion by this passage, which I characterize as ‘reading Scripture reading Jesus reading Scripture,’ is confined to its earlier stages—a reductionism that calls for hermeneutical reflection. If a narrative has a ‘life of its own’ beyond authorial intention (indispensable though the author may be), can we say the same about a character who is central to a narrative? If so, is ‘the Jesus of Mark’s Gospel’ ‘more than’ the ‘Markan Jesus’ of much scholarly concern? This essay seeks to develop an intertextual, Christocentric hermeneutic by attending to the implicit as well as explicit ways in which Jesus’ reading of Scripture takes place ‘within’ the Gospel narrative.
Forgotten Dimensions of Holiness
Authors: Robson James E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article explores a sometimes forgotten dimension of divine holiness, divine holiness as love. It starts by reflecting on an apparent incongruity between the New Testament summary of the law, “You shall love your neighbour as yourself ” (Lev 19:18) and that verse’s context in Leviticus, where a more probable summary is the call, “Be holy for I, YHWH your God, am holy” (Lev 19:2). It examines the significance of the conjunction of Lev 19:2 and 19:18, and argues that it is appropriate to speak of love as a dimension of divine holiness. In the main part of the article, which looks at the Old Testament more widely, including Exodus, Ezekiel, Isaiah, Hosea and the prayer life of Israel, divine holiness as love is evident on closer examination in three ways: holiness and self-disclosure, holiness and saving activity, and holiness and divine presence.
The Problems Posed By 1 Thessalonians 2:15-16 And A Solution
Authors: Simpson John W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEven apart from the difficulties the passage poses for peace between Christians and Jews, significant problems of both form and content confront the interpreter of 1 Thess 2:13-16. The appearance of what is apparently a second thanksgiving section in the letter - after the earlier one beginning at 1:2 - has been a major difficulty. Furthermore, the passage departs in verses 15-16 from its initial theme and from the central concerns of 1:2-3:13, that is, from the Thessalonian Christians' response to the gospel and their positive relationship with the apostle, to deal with another group, "the Jews" (2:14), quite harshly and in a way different from Romans 9-11. A number of different approaches have been made with regard to this passage, but here it will suffice to mention two briefly and devote the rest of our space to the development of one approach and to response to the arguments of another.
Production of ceramic bodies from Tunisian Cretaceous clays
Authors: Hachani M. , Hajjaji W. , Moussi B. , Medhioub M. , Rocha F. , Labrincha J. A. , Jamoussi F. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe aim of this research was to assess the potential application of the Late Cretaceous levels as raw material for the production of ceramic tiles. Mineralogical, chemical and grain size distribution studies were carried out on four clays sampled at different sites in the Tunisian Central Atlas. Clays are mainly composed of phyllosilicates, usually illite and kaolinite. Quartz, feldspars and dolomite were also detected.Tiles were prepared by pressing clay bodies at 250 bar and then firing at different temperatures following industrial conditions as closely as possible. Thermal analysis showed the influence of mineralogical composition and grain size distribution on the material behaviour during firing. The physical properties of fired tiles were obtained from specific tests in accordance with international standards (ISO), i.e. the firing shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density and flexural strength. The development of physical properties indicates an optimal firing range between 1050–1150°C. Results demonstrate the potential of Late Cretaceous materials as raw materials for the production of ceramic tiles.