bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem Cells in Research: Islamic Perspectives
Authors: Alswailem Abdulaziz M 
Published: March 2012

AbstractUsing stem cells for research is one of the most controversial issues that affect the human rights and dignity. On the other hand, this is one of the most important technologies for living organisms. Recently it became more important for research and research organizations due to the hopes of the expected outcomes. Many ethical issues were raised regarding the source of the stem cells and research goals. Regional and international committees discussed the ethical issues related to the stem cells and it was regulated by binding laws on different countries. This presentation will discuss the ethical concerns and the international regulations. The Islamic framework and the basics of Shari’a on the biomedical research, national regulations and the Saudi national committee of bioethics regulations will also be covered.
Cell transplantation in clinical practice: Royan institute experiences
Authors: Aghdami Nasser 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOne of the fields of medicine that has raised the most expectations in Iran is cell therapy, using somatic or stem cells. The word “cell therapy” refers a series of procedures, which are used to separate and transplant cells in target tissues. However, in the absence of a current consensus on a approved protocol to isolation and identify suitable cells, the most methods in this field are under research yet. Royan Institute, as a leading center in stem cell research, in Iran, simultaneous with global research and increasing the knowledge about stem cells, the first Royan clinical trial in cell therapy field was done in 2004, which was designed and implemented for application of stem cells in patients with recent heart attack. During implementation of this project, at least three other projects were added to the list of Royan institute clinical trials. Two years later, Royan institute started to established GMP facilities for cell culture. By the end of year 2008, increasing number of clinical trials from 4 to 10 studies and termination of investigating stages of using Melanocytes for treatment of vitilligo disease and Limbal stem cells culture for using in patients with Limbal disease, led to establishment of a center for providing medical services to the patients. Now Royan institute in Regenerative department are doing more than 20 NIH registered clinical trials and there are some result in heart, bone, cartilage, limbal, liver and skin field, which will be presented in this lecture.
Cardiomyocyte derivation from human embryonic stem cell derived mesenchymal progenitors
Authors: Tabrizi Jeremie Arash Rafii 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMyocardial infarction or failure is a leading cause of mortality in civilized countries. The cardiomyocytes do not have a high regenerative potential often leading, upon disease progression, to regional contractile dysfunction, and necrotized regions slowly replaced by fibroblasts forming scar tissues. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are one of the most promising cell types for cell therapy and tissue engineering or trauma repair. They also represent a model of choice for cell banking. These cells have been differentiated in many different progenitors including: endothelial, hematopoietic, cardiac, hepatocyte, pancreatic, neural and mesenchymal progenitors (MP). One of the major limitations of regenerative medicine is access to a high number of characterized differentiated cells. Therefore, optimizing the differentiation process is a critical step toward clinical application. Stage-specific differentiation protocols relying on subtil cytokine cocktails have allowed derivation of cardiomyocyte progenitors. The use of MPs as precursor cells to derive cardiomyocytes have already been demonstrated in mice, and more recently in human cell lines. We will describe a two step protocol allowing the differentiation of hES-derived MPs and subsequently the differentiation of cardimyocyte like cells.
Informed consent and the Arab-Muslim research participant: tensions and challenges
Authors: Choong Kartina Aisha 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt is generally accepted that the notion of informed consent first received official recognition in the Nuremberg Code of 1948. The move, which was a direct response to the inhumane and frequently fatal medical experiments on concentration camp inmates in Nazi Germany, emphasized the significance of allowing human subjects to assert their autonomy by making a decision on whether to participate in a research project only after they have been provided with sufficient information relating to the research. The concept has since assumed a prominent role in regulating the recruitment of research participants. This paper seeks to challenge its suitability for research which does not involve contact with the human body especially where it engages participants who hold values different to the Western secular worldview upon which the notion was shaped. In particular, it looks at human tissue research (e.g. stem cell research and biobank projects) involving Arab-Muslims. It seeks to draw attention to that fact that for Arab communities which have harmonised Islamic values, the decision to participate in research is made by taking into consideration firstly not individual interests, but the right of God and the interest of the society the individual belongs to. Since they also tend to define themselves and their individual worth as relative to their family, personal autonomy is therefore an alien concept and the decision to participate is taken jointly with the extended family. This has a significant practical dimension as research involving human tissues is capable of revealing information both about the participant and those related to him by blood. Further, Arab-Muslims who decide to participate in a research project would be prompted by a sense of religious duty and social responsibility. They therefore have a vested interest in knowing that the means and end-products of the research are acceptable by Islam. Yet the traditional model of informed consent only focuses on information on risks and benefits of the research. There is therefore a need to either adapt its parameters or find a suitable alternative which is sensitive to and reflective of their values.
Microanatomical Variation of the Nasal Capsular Cartilage in Newborn Primates
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Rossie James B. , Cooper Gregory M. , Durham Emily L. , Schmeig Robin M. , Docherty Beth A. , Bonar Christopher J. , Burrows Anne M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe breakdown of nasal capsule cartilage precedes secondary pneumatic expansion of the paranasal sinuses. Recent work indicates the nasal capsule of monkeys undergoes different ontogenetic transformations regionally (i.e., ossification, persistence as cartilage, or resorption). This study assesses nasal capsule morphology at the perinatal age in a taxonomically broad sample of non‐human primates. Using traditional histochemical methods, osteopontin immunohistochemistry and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase procedure, the cartilage of the lateral nasal wall (LNC) was studied. At birth, matrix properties differ between portions of the LNC that ultimately form elements of the ethmoid bone and regions of the LNC that have no postnatal (descendant) structure. The extent of cartilage that remains in the paranasal parts of the LNC varies among species. It is fragmented in species with the greatest extent of maxillary and/or frontal pneumatic expansion. Conversely, greater continuity of the LNC is noted in newborns of species that lack maxillary and/or frontal sinuses as adults. Chondroclasts occur adjacent to elements of the ethmoid bone, along the margin of the nasal tectum, and/or along islands of cartilage that bear no signs of ossification. Chondroclasts are prevalent along remnants of the paranasal LNC in tamarin species (Leontopithecus, Saguinus), which have extensive frontal and maxillary bone pneumatization. Taken together, the morphological observations indicate that the localized loss of cartilage might be considered a critical event at the onset of secondary pneumatization, facilitated by rapid recruitment of chondro‐/osteoclasts, possibly occurring simultaneously in cartilage and bone. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IEEE 802.16e/m energy‐efficient sleep‐mode operation with delay limitation in multibroadcast services
Authors: Cheng Tzu‐Kai , Wu Jean‐Lien C. , Yang Feng‐Ming , Leu Jenq‐Shiou 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYMobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access networks usually provide flexible sleep‐mode operations that allow mobile stations to conserve energy during sleep or active mode. For example, the IEEE 802.16e/m standard presents three power‐saving classes that can be associated with different types of network connections to decrease the power consumption of mobile stations. However, previous studies failed to fully use the sleep‐mode features to save energy of a mobile station while simultaneously maintaining unicast and multicast/broadcast connections. This study proposes an energy‐efficient packet scheduling algorithm for both multicast and broadcast services that does not violate the QoS requirements of real‐time connections. The proposed activity aggregation selection mechanism approach can minimize total power consumption of mobile stations in one cell and simultaneously satisfy the QoS of real‐time connections. This method improves energy efficiency for IEEE 802.16e/m and the activity aggregation selection mechanism approach can optimize sleeping mode features to save the energy of mobile stations with overlapping connection packets The simulations in this study verified the proposed approach.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regioselective Synthesis of Tetraalkynylarenes by Consecutive Dual Sonogashira Coupling Reactions of the Bis(triflate) of 4,5‐Diiodobenzene‐1,2‐diol
Authors: Fisher Thomas J. , Dussault Patrick H. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe regioselective synthesis of nonsymmetric tetraalkynylarenes has been readily achieved through consecutive sets of Sonagashira cross‐coupling reactions of the bis(triflate) derivative of 4,5‐diiodobenzene‐1,2‐diol. The initial coupling reactions proceeded with nearly complete selectivity for the reaction at the Ar–I linkages. Subsequent coupling reactions at the Ar–OTf linkages were efficiently conducted. The tetraalkynylarene products are of interest as components of organic molecular materials.
Synthesis of Substituted Furans through Domino Aldol/Homo‐Michael Reactions of Formylcyclopropane 1,1‐Diesters with 1,3‐Dicarbonyls
Authors: Bao Jilai , Ren Jun , Wang Zhongwen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA Lewis acid catalyzed domino aldol/homo‐Michael reaction of formylcyclopropane 1,1‐diesters with dicarbonyls has been successfully developed. This method provides efficient and direct construction of highly functionalized furans from easily available starting materials.
Evidence of the Current Collector Effect: Study of the SOFC Cathode Material Ca3Co4O9+δ
Authors: Rolle A. , Thoréton V. , Rozier P. , Capoen E. , Mentré O. , Boukamp B. , Daviero‐Minaud S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn the study of the performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes, the possible influence of the applied current collector is often not mentioned or recognized. In this article, as part of an optimization study of the potentially attractive Ca3Co4O9+δ cathode material (Ca349), special attention is paid to the choice of current collector. The influence of both gold and platinum paste or grid current collectors on pure and composite (Ca349 + 30 wt.% Gd‐doped ceria) is studied, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Although, platinum is catalytically active in the oxygen reduction reaction and then is often considered as current collector for SOFC cathodes, in combination with Ca349 cathodes, additional low frequency dispersion is observed, leading to a larger polarization resistance than found in the case of gold current collectors. A subsequent experiment revealed that Pt reacts with Ca349, forming undesirable phases: CaPt2O4, Ca4PtO6, Ca3Co2O6, and Co3O4. The impedance spectra were analyzed with ZView 3.3a and with EqCwin v1.2. One series equivalent circuit was deduced using ZView, whereas, two possible equivalent circuits (series and nested), leading to the same quality of fits, were evidenced in EqCwin. The circuits are closely related to interactions of the current collector and layer thickness effects of the cathodes.
Next‐generation sequencing for minimal residual disease monitoring in acute myeloid leukemia patients with FLT3‐ITD or NPM1 mutations
Authors: Thol Felicitas , Kölking Britta , Damm Frederik , Reinhardt Katarina , Klusmann Jan‐Henning , Reinhardt Dirk , von Neuhoff Nils , Brugman Martijn H. , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Suerbaum Sebastian , Krauter Jürgen , Ganser Arnold , Heuser Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSystematic assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients has been hampered by lack of a reliable, uniform MRD marker applicable to all patients. We evaluated next‐generation sequencing (NGS) for MRD assessment in AML patients (n = 80 samples). The ability of NGS technologies to generate thousands of clonal sequences makes it possible to determine the allelic ratio of sequence variants. Using NGS, we were able to determine the allelic ratio of different FLT3‐internal tandem duplication (ITD) clones within one patient sample, in addition to resolution of FLT3‐ITD insertion site, length, and sequence in a single analysis. Furthermore, NGS allowed us to study emergence of clonal dominance. Parallel assessment of MRD by NGS and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in NPM1 mutated patients was concordant in 95% of analyzed samples (n = 38). The frequency of mutated alleles was linearly quantified by NGS. As NGS sensitivity is scalable depending on sequence coverage, it reflects a highly flexible and reliable tool to assess MRD in leukemia patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of osteosarcoma driver genes by integrative analysis of copy number and gene expression data
Authors: Kuijjer Marieke L. , Rydbeck Halfdan , Kresse Stine H. , Buddingh Emilie P. , Lid Ana B. , Roelofs Helene , Bürger Horst , Myklebost Ola , Hogendoorn Pancras C. W. , Meza‐Zepeda Leonardo A. , Cleton‐Jansen Anne‐Marie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHigh‐grade osteosarcoma is a tumor with a complex genomic profile, occurring primarily in adolescents with a second peak at middle age. The extensive genomic alterations obscure the identification of genes driving tumorigenesis during osteosarcoma development. To identify such driver genes, we integrated DNA copy number profiles (Affymetrix SNP 6.0) of 32 diagnostic biopsies with 84 expression profiles (Illumina Human‐6 v2.0) of high‐grade osteosarcoma as compared with its putative progenitor cells, i.e., mesenchymal stem cells (n = 12) or osteoblasts (n = 3). In addition, we performed paired analyses between copy number and expression profiles of a subset of 29 patients for which both DNA and mRNA profiles were available. Integrative analyses were performed in Nexus Copy Number software and statistical language R. Paired analyses were performed on all probes detecting significantly differentially expressed genes in corresponding LIMMA analyses. For both nonpaired and paired analyses, copy number aberration frequency was set to >35%. Nonpaired and paired integrative analyses resulted in 45 and 101 genes, respectively, which were present in both analyses using different control sets. Paired analyses detected >90% of all genes found with the corresponding nonpaired analyses. Remarkably, approximately twice as many genes as found in the corresponding nonpaired analyses were detected. Affected genes were intersected with differentially expressed genes in osteosarcoma cell lines, resulting in 31 new osteosarcoma driver genes. Cell division related genes, such as MCM4 and LATS2, were overrepresented and genomic instability was predictive for metastasis‐free survival, suggesting that deregulation of the cell cycle is a driver of osteosarcomagenesis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A nonelutable low‐molecular weight heparin stent coating for improved thromboresistance
Authors: Zhao Jonathon , Falotico Robert , Nguyen Thai , Cheng Yan , Parker Theodore , Davé Vipul , Rogers Campbell , Riesenfeld Johan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLow‐molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been widely used as a systemic anticoagulant during percutaneous coronary intervention. In this study, LMWH was covalently immobilized to the surface of a cobalt chromium reservoir‐based sirolimus‐eluting stent to create a nonelutable nanoscale coating for enhanced thromboresistance. Toludine‐blue stained stents revealed uniform heparin coverage on all surfaces of the stent. Scanning electron microscopy of stent strut cross‐sections showed identical coating thickness on all sides; while the thickness was determined to be 320 nm by a focus‐ion beam system. Secondary ion mass spectrometry showed constant concentrations of O, N, and S atoms throughout the depth of the surface, confirming the uniformity of the heparin coating. The nonelutable nature of the coating was confirmed in a modified Factor Xa inhibition assay which showed the stent had an equivalent of 3–5 heparin units/cm2, while no elutable heparin was detected in wash solutions. The antithrombin binding capacity of the immobilized heparin was determined to be 60–80 pmol/cm2 in an antithrombin uptake assay. The enhanced thromboresistance of the heparin coating was demonstrated in an in‐vitro bovine blood flow loop which showed minimal visual thrombus accumulation and 95% reduction in platelet deposition compared to uncoated control stents. Drug‐eluting stents with such nonelutable LMWH coating would represent a significant advance in the treatment of patients with complex lesions who are at increased risk of developing stent thrombosis. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Dental implants stimulate expression of Interleukin‐8 and its receptor in human blood—An in vitro approach
Authors: Quabius Elgar Susanne , Ossenkop Lars , Harder Sönke , Kern Matthias 
Published: March 2012

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐8 secreted from osteoblasts and peripheral blood monocytes increases in patients with aseptic hip‐implant loss and in patients with mucositis after dental implant insertion. We explored in vitro the possibility of an IL‐8‐mediated inflammatory response as a consequence of contact between different dental implant surfaces and human blood. Titanium and zirconia implants were incubated in human blood. Nonstimulated blood served as negative, while blood stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) served as positive control. After depyrogenization, to examine the possible role of LPS, implants were again submerged in blood. Gene‐expression of IL‐8 and its receptor was measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In a receptor mediated, but LPS‐independent manner, titanium implants led to a more pronounced increase in IL‐8 gene expression when compared with zirconia implants. Depyrogenization resulted after 24 h in zirconia implants in decreased IL‐8 gene expression. Altered IL‐8 expression could indicate aseptic, at least LPS‐independent implant loss, which may be an additional feature in the manifestation of peri‐implantitis, possibly triggered by microscopically small implant‐particles. Hence, opening a new field of investigations to further understand the possible mechanism underlying the manifestation of implant failure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
Hydrolytically Degradable Polymer Micelles for Anticancer Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors
Authors: Chytil Petr , Etrych Tomáš , Kostka Libor , Ulbrich Karel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVarious biodegradable micellar polymer drug carriers based on N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers and their conjugates with doxorubicin are synthesized. The conjugates are designed to treat solid tumors and subsequently to allow carrier elimination from the body. All copolymers self‐assemble in aqueous solution into supramolecular structures with highly hydrophobic cholesterol derivatives in the core and doxorubicin located in the hydrophilic shell. The drug is released quickly from the micelles incubated at pH = 5.0 (modelling the endosomes of tumor cells). Slower release of cholesterol derivatives leading to disintegration of the micelles is observed.
Polymer‐Grafted Modification of Activated Carbon by Surface‐Initiated AGET ATRP
Authors: Liu Yahan , Miao Xuelang , Zhu Jian , Zhang Zhengbiao , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe demonstrate surface‐initiated activators generated by electron transfer atom‐transfer radical polymerization (SI‐AGET ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and tert‐butyl acrylate (t‐BA) on activated carbon (AC), and polyacrylic acid (PAA) graft AC (AC@PAA) is obtained after hydrolysis of poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) [P(t‐BA)]. Interestingly, the sorption capabilities of the copper ions by AC@PAA are larger than AC and can be adjusted by varying chain lengths of grafted PAA, giving these materials potential application in wastewater treatment. The linear polymerization kinetics, linear evolution of the molecular weight of the cleaved polymer and monomer conversion all demonstrate a well‐controlled polymerization.
Proximity graphs inside large weighted graphs
Authors: Ábrego Bernardo M. , Fabila‐Monroy Ruy , Fernández‐Merchant Silvia , Flores‐Peñaloza David , Hurtado Ferran , Meijer Henk , Sacristán Vera , Saumell Maria 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGiven a weighted graph G = (V,E) and a subset U of V, we define several graphs with vertex set U in which two vertices are adjacent if they satisfy a specific proximity rule. These rules use the shortest path distance in G and generalize the proximity rules that generate some of the most common proximity graphs in Euclidean spaces. We prove basic properties of the defined graphs and provide algorithms for their computation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2013
Higher‐order discontinuous Galerkin method for pyramidal elements using orthogonal bases
Authors: Bergot Morgane , Duruflé Marc 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe study finite elements of arbitrarily high‐order defined on pyramids for discontinuous Galerkin methods. We propose a new family of high‐order pyramidal finite elements using orthogonal basis functions which can be used in hybrid meshes including hexahedra, tetrahedra, wedges, and pyramids. We perform a comparison between these orthogonal functions and nodal functions for affine and non‐affine elements. Different strategies for the inversion of the mass matrix are also considered and discussed. Numerical experiments are conducted for the three dimensional Maxwell's equations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Convergence phenomena of \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document} $\mathcal{Q}_p$ \end{document}‐elements for convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Franz Sebastian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe present a numerical study for singularly perturbed convection–diffusion problems using higher order Galerkin and streamline diffusion finite element method. We are especially interested in convergence and superconvergence properties with respect to different interpolation operators. For this we investigate pointwise interpolation and vertex‐edge‐cell interpolation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013