bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactivity parameters for rationalizing iminium‐catalyzed reactions
Authors: Lakhdar Sami , Ofial Armin R. , Mayr Herbert 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe correlation equation (1), lg k(20 °C) = s(E + N), where electrophiles are characterized by one (E) and nucleophiles are characterized by two parameters (N, s) was used to rationalize the scope of iminium‐catalyzed reactions. Kinetics of the reactions of iminium triflates, pregenerated from cinnamaldehyde and secondary amines, with cyclic ketene acetals were studied by UV–Vis spectroscopy. From the second‐order rate constants, electrophilicity parameters −10 < E < −7 have been derived for these iminium ions. Eqn (1) was found to correctly predict the rate constants for the reactions of the cinnamaldehyde‐derived iminium ions with pyrroles, indoles, and sulfur ylides. The zwitterion obtained from cinnamaldehyde and indoline‐2‐carboxylic acid reacts more than 105 times faster with a sulfur ylide than predicted by Eqn (1), which is explained by MacMillan's ‘electrostatic activation’. The failure of imidazolidinones to catalyze cyclopropanations of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds by sulfur ylides is not due to the low nucleophilic reactivity of sulfur ylides but due to their high Brønsted basicity which inhibits the formation of the iminium ions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A spatial assessment of riverine ecosystems and water supply in a semi‐arid environment
Authors: Smith‐Adao L. B. , Nel J. L. , le Maitre D. , Maherry A. , Swartz E. R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA spatial assessment was conducted in the semi‐arid area of South Africa, to: (1) identify priority areas for the conservation of river and groundwater ecosystems; (2) examine surface and groundwater quality for human consumption and (3) investigate the rehabilitation of degraded areas to highlight ‘win‐win’ situations for both environmental and human use. A systematic conservation plan was produced, highlighting river conservation areas (river types, fish species and connectivity areas), moderate‐impact management areas (groundwater‐surface water interaction and recharge areas) and river rehabilitation areas. The proposed river selections would achieve the biodiversity targets of 33 (66%) of the 50 river types; feasible rehabilitation would increase this to 92%. The greatest groundwater‐surface water interaction and recharge (30 to > 50 mm−1) values are concentrated around the mountainous regions of the Little Karoo. This is because the main aquifers in the mountains, table mountain group (TMG) quartzites, yield naturally good quality water for human consumption. River reaches of unacceptable surface water quality were classified as degraded water resource delivery areas where the poor water quality was primarily due to saline return flows from irrigation and the impacts of other anthropogenic activities including abstraction of freshwater which otherwise would have diluted the return flows. Only the middle reaches of the Gouritz and Groot Rivers represent a possible win–win situation for both the environment and human use. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal reference ranges for umbilical vein blood flow at a free loop of the umbilical cord
Authors: Flo K. , Wilsgaard T. , Acharya G. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo establish longitudinal reference ranges for the umbilical vein (UV) diameter, velocities and volume blood flow (Quv) at a free loop of the umbilical cord and estimate the UV spatial velocity profile at this site.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 53 low‐risk pregnancies. The UV diameter and blood flow velocities were measured at 4‐weekly intervals from 22 + 0 to 39 + 6 weeks of gestation (232 observations) using B‐mode ultrasonography and pulsed‐wave Doppler. Multilevel regression modeling was used to estimate the reference percentiles.ResultsThe mean UV diameter, velocities and Quv increased with advancing gestation, whereas the Quv normalized for estimated fetal weight decreased. The UV spatial velocity profile coefficient was 0.62.ConclusionWe have established reference ranges for serial measurements of Quv at a free loop of the umbilical cord during the second half of pregnancy. The spatial velocity profile of the UV is not completely parabolic at this site. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the relationship between preterm placental calcification and adverse maternal and fetal outcome
Authors: Chen K. H. , Chen L. R. , Lee Y. H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the relationship between preterm placental calcification and adverse pregnancy outcome, including maternal and fetal outcomes.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, monthly ultrasonography was performed starting at 28 weeks' gestation to establish the diagnosis of Grade III placental calcification. Women were classified into three groups: Group 1, the early preterm group, with placental calcification found prior to 32 weeks (n = 63); Group 2, the late preterm group, with placental calcification found between 32 and 36 weeks (n = 192); and Group 3, the control group, without placental calcification noted between 28 and 36 weeks (n = 521). Women who smoked cigarettes or drank alcohol during pregnancy, or who had hypertension, diabetes, significant antenatal anemia or placenta previa were all excluded. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the risks of adverse pregnancy outcome in Groups 1 and 2 by calculating odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs, adjusted by maternal age, body mass index, economic status, marital status, type of delivery and parity.ResultsRisks for adverse maternal outcome including postpartum hemorrhage (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.251–9.388), placental abruption (OR, 6.52; 95% CI, 1.356–31.382) and maternal transfer to the intensive care unit (OR, 9.76; 95% CI, 1.826–52.195) and for adverse fetal outcomes including preterm birth (OR, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.775–9.940), low birth weight (OR, 4.58; 95% CI, 2.201–9.522), low Apgar score (OR, 6.53; 95% CI, 2.116–20.142) and neonatal death (OR, 9.04; 95% CI, 1.722–47.411) were much higher in Group 1 than in Group 3. In contrast, there were no significant differences in adverse pregnancy outcome between Groups 2 and 3.ConclusionsEarly preterm placental calcification is associated with a higher incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome, and may serve as an indicator of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes when noted on ultrasonography. Conversely, women with late preterm placental calcification are not at greater risk for adverse pregnancy outcome. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Congenital toxoplasmosis—a report on the Danish neonatal screening programme 1999–2007
Authors: Röser Dennis , Nielsen Henrik Vedel , Petersen Eskild , Saugmann‐Jensen Peter , Nørgaard‐Pedersen Peter Bent 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesThis paper reports on the national neonatal screening programme for congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) in Denmark conducted from 1999 to 2007, including background, basis for initiation of screening, methods, results, and finally reasons for the discontinuation of the screening.MethodsA nationwide screening was conducted at Statens Serum Institut, including >98% newborns, and using filter paper eluates (Guthrie card, PKU card) obtained from newborns 5–10 days old. These were analysed for Toxoplasma gondii‐specific antibodies (IgM), and if positive, then IgM (ISAGA). Confirmatory serology was performed on children and their mothers (IgM, IgG, IgA, dye test) where infection was suspected, and children with suspected or confirmed CT initiated a 3‐month treatment regimen with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine and folinic acid supplements. Selective cohorts were followed with regard to developmental and clinical outcome.ResultsA total of 100 children were diagnosed with CT in the screening period, and only 2 cases were detected outside of the screening programme. CT prevalence was 1.6 per 10,000 live‐born infants. Follow‐up studies showed new retinochoroidal lesions in affected children despite treatment.ConclusionScreening was terminated August 2007, after it became apparent that no benefit of treatment could be shown. CT was evaluated using a Danish adaptation of the Uniform Screening Panel (ACMG), showing CT as an unlikely candidate for screening today. Whereas results might be comparable with other low‐endemic countries with similar strains of T. gondii, neonatal screening and treatment might offer different results in regions with either high prevalence or different strains of T. gondii.
Anti‐scratching Behavioral Effects of N‐Stearoyl‐phytosphingosine and 4‐Hydroxysphinganine in Mice
Authors: Ryu Kwon‐Ryeol , Lee Bomi , Lee In‐Ah , Oh Sekwan , Kim Dong‐Hyun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractN‐Stearoyl‐phytosphingosine (SPS) and 4‐hydroxysphinganine (phytosphingosine, PS), which are sphingolipids frequently found in mammalian skin, plants, and yeast, have been used as ingredients in cosmetics. In mice, treatment with SPS and PS inhibited histamine‐induced scratching behavior and vascular permeability. These agents inhibited the expression of the allergic cytokines, IL‐4 and TNF‐α, and the activation of the transcription factors, NF‐κB and c‐jun, in histamine‐stimulated skin tissues. These agents also showed potent anti‐histamine effects in the Magnus test using guinea pig ileum. Based on these results, SPS and PS may improve scratching behavioral reactions in skin by regulating the action of histamine and the activation of the transcription factors NF‐κB and c‐jun.
Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue after pretreatment with a gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist
Authors: Igarashi Suguru , Suzuki Nao , Osada Marie , Takae Seido , Tarumi Wataru , Ishizuka Bunpei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether slow‐rate freezing or vitrification is better for cryopreservation of ovary tissues pretreated with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist.MethodsIn this nonclinical study performed in rats, leuprorelin acetate was administered to female Wistar rats, aged 6–8 weeks. After confirming arrest of the estrous cycle by examination of vaginal smears, ovarian tissue was cryopreserved by vitrification and slow‐rate freezing prior to thawing and autotransplantation. The time required for estrous cycle recovery was assessed from vaginal smears in each group starting from day 1 of transplantation. Estradiol levels were also monitored after transplantation.ResultsThe estrous cycle recovered after transplantation of ovarian tissue frozen by either method, but recovery was significantly faster after transplantation of vitrified tissue. The estradiol level also recovered by 10 days after transplantation.ConclusionsOvarian function was restored after transplantation of tissue preserved by either vitrification or slow‐rate freezing after pretreatment with leuprorelin acetate. This method may be applicable for patients scheduled to undergo cryopreservation of ovarian tissue before chemotherapy.
Fermented wheat aleurone induces enzymes involved in detoxification of carcinogens and in antioxidative defence in human colon cells
Authors: Stein Katrin , Borowicki Anke , Scharlau Daniel , Glei Michael 
Published: June 2010

Dietary fibre is fermented by the human gut flora resulting mainly in the formation of SCFA, for example, acetate, propionate and butyrate. SCFA, in particular butyrate, may be important for secondary cancer prevention by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth of cancer cells, thereby inhibiting the promotion and/or progression of cancer. Furthermore, SCFA could also act on primary cancer prevention by activation of detoxifying and antioxidative enzymes. We investigated the effects of fermented wheat aleurone on the expression of genes involved in stress response and toxicity, activity of drug-metabolising enzymes and anti-genotoxic potential. Aleurone was digested and fermentedin vitroto obtain samples that reflect the content of the colon. HT29 cells and colon epithelial stripes were incubated with the resulting fermentation supernatant fractions (fs) and effects on mRNA expression ofCAT,GSTP1andSULT2B1and enzyme activity of glutathioneS-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were measured. Fermented aleurone was also used to study the protection against H2O2-induced DNA damage in HT29 cells. The fs of aleurone significantly induced the mRNA expression ofCAT,GSTP1andSULT2B1(HT29) andGSTP1(epithelial stripes), respectively. The enzyme activities of GST (HT29) and CAT (HT29, epithelial stripes) were also unambiguously increased (1·4- to 3·7-fold) by the fs of aleurone. DNA damage induced by H2O2was significantly reduced by the fs of aleurone after 48 h, whereupon no difference was observed compared with the faeces control. In conclusion, fermented aleurone is able to act on primary prevention by inducing mRNA expression and the activity of enzymes involved in detoxification of carcinogens and antioxidative defence.
Genistein reduced the neural apoptosis in the brain of ovariectomised rats by modulating mitochondrial oxidative stress
Authors: Huang Yan-Hong , Zhang Qing-Hong 
Published: June 2010

The present study was undertaken to investigate the antioxidant effect of chronic ingestion of genistein (Gen) against neural death in the brain of ovariectomised (Ovx) rats. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, i.e. sham-operated (sham), Ovx-only, Ovx with 17β-oestradiol, Ovx with low (15 mg/kg) and high (30 mg/kg) doses of Gen (Gen-L and Gen-H), and were orally administered daily with drugs or vehicle for 6 weeks. The learning and memory abilities were measured by Morris water maze test. Oxidative damages in the brain were evaluated by the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities. Neural apoptosis was shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining and caspase-3 activity. In the visual learning and memory test, there were no significant differences among the population means of the five groups. While in the probe trial test, the Gen-L group instead of the Gen-H group exhibited reduced escape latency and increased memory frequency than the Ovx group. Although both doses of Gen could reduce acetylcholinesterase activity, only a low dose of Gen could diminish MDA activity significantly in frontal cortex and enhance SOD content in the hippocampus. In contrast, MAO content was decreased in the cortex by either dose of Gen, while in the hippocampus, only a high dose of Gen appeared to be effective. Interestingly, Gen at both the doses could attenuate the increased number of TUNEL-positive neurons and caspase-3 activity in Ovx rats. These results suggest that Gen confers protection against Ovx-induced neurodegeneration by attenuating oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway in a region- and dose-dependent manner.
Ability of a high-total antioxidant capacity diet to increase stool weight and bowel antioxidant status in human subjects
Authors: Bianchi Marta A. , Scazzina Francesca , Del Rio Daniele , Valtueña Silvia , Pellegrini Nicoletta , Franzini Laura , Luisa Callegari Maria , Pellacani Claudia , Buschini Annamaria , Zavaroni Ivana , Brighenti Furio 
Published: June 2010

There is limited knowledge about the possible effect of unabsorbed dietary antioxidants that reach the large intestine on bowel habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a dietary recommendation directed to increase diet total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is able to affect gut function in human subjects. In this cross-over intervention, nineteen subjects followed a high-TAC (HT) and a low-TAC (LT) diet for 2 weeks, which were comparable for energy, macronutrient, total dietary fibre and alcohol contents. At the end of each intervention period, the 48 h stool output was recorded. In the faecal samples obtained from a subset of nine subjects, moisture, pH, ammonia content,LactobacillusandBifidobacteriumcounts, faecal water antioxidants and genotoxicity were measured. A 3 d weighed food record was used to assess the diet composition during HT and LT diet intake. Significant increases in the intake of TAC, vitamins E and C and phenolic compounds were observed during the HT diet intake. The higher intake of antioxidants led to increased 48 h stool output (324 (sd38) g in HTv. 218 (sd22) g in LT), and to higher TAC and total phenolic concentrations in faecal water. No significant variation in the other measured parameters was observed between the diets. In conclusion, a diet selected to raise the intake of dietary antioxidants is able to increase stool bulk and antioxidant content of faeces.
Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer in a Japanese population: The Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study
Authors: Kurotani Kayo , Budhathoki Sanjeev , Man Joshi Amit , Yin Guang , Toyomura Kengo , Kono Suminori , Mibu Ryuichi , Tanaka Masao , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko , Okamura Takeshi , Ikejiri Koji , Futami Kitaroh , Maekawa Takafumi , Yasunami Yohichi , Takenaka Kenji , Ichimiya Hitoshi , Terasaka Reiji 
Published: June 2010

Few studies have addressed the relation between dietary patterns and colorectal cancer in Japan. We investigated dietary patterns in relation to colorectal cancer risk in a community-based case–control study. The association with dietary patterns was also examined for different sites of colorectal cancer. Data were derived from the Fukuoka Colorectal Cancer Study, including 800 cases and 775 controls interviewed from September 2000 to December 2003. The cases were admitted to one of the participating hospitals for the first surgical treatment during this period. We identified dietary patterns using principal component analysis of intakes of twenty-nine items of food groups and specific foods. Quartile categories of each dietary pattern were used, and non-dietary lifestyle factors and total energy intake were adjusted for in the analysis. We identified three dietary patterns: prudent, high-fat and light-meal patterns. The prudent dietary pattern characterised by high intakes of vegetables, fruits, seafoods and soya foods showed a nearly significant protective association with the overall risk of colorectal cancer (trend P = 0·054), and it was statistically significantly related to a decreased risk of distal colon cancer (trend P = 0·002), but not to that of either proximal colon or rectal cancer. The high-fat and light-meal dietary patterns were not materially related to the overall or site-specific risk of colorectal cancer. In summary, a prudent dietary pattern was associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer, especially with that of distal colon cancer, in a fairly large case–control study in Japan.
Palladas and the Foundation of Constantinople
Authors: Wilkinson Kevin W. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTThe recent adjustment to Palladas’ dates necessitates a fresh look at an old question: Should Constantinople be considered the proper setting for some of his epigrams? Allusions in a few poems to statuary and to buildings, and one ekphrasis of a coin, suggest not only that he was in Constantinople at some point during his life (as many others have thought), but also that he was there quite close to the time of the city's foundation. These epigrams yield precious (if also enigmatic) clues to a murky period in the history of the Eastern capital.
Law, custom and community-based natural resource management in Kubulau District (Fiji)
Authors: CLARKE PEPE , JUPITER STACY D. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYNational laws and institutions interact with local governance systems to encourage CBNRM in some cases while creating conflict in others. A case study of Kubulau District (Bua Province, Fiji) illustrates the challenges and successes of implementing traditional community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) within a pluralist legal and institutional context. In 2005, the communities of Kubulau established a network of protected areas, including 17 traditional closures (tabu), three no-take district marine reserves, a legally–declared forest reserve and a proposed forest reserve, managed under an integrated ‘ridge-to-reef’ plan. Marine and terrestrial areas in Kubulau illustrate synergies and discord between national laws and community management rules, and provide examples of management success and conflict. Key components influencing diverse management outcomes in Kubulau include (1) the legal status of customary resource tenure, (2) incorporation of local knowledge, traditions and priorities, (3) clearly articulated relationships between local decision-making processes and government regulation, and (4) perceived equity in distribution of management benefits. Legal and institutional reforms are proposed to improve management of natural resources in Fiji.
Insomnia in older people
Authors: Montgomery Paul , Shepard Lindsay D 
Published: June 2010

SummaryInsomnia is a prevalent sleep complaint amongst older people, affecting physical and mental health as well as many aspects of life quality and well-being. For the lack of explicit guidelines for the assessment and treatment of insomnia in older people, this summary of available information represents the best evidence to inform current practice. Clinicians need to be more aware of their patients’ sleep and conduct formal assessments as appropriate. Despite past practice trends, non-pharmacological treatments should be considered first for chronic insomnia as a means to reduce dependency, adverse effects, and polypharmacy. Behavioural treatment methods such as stimulus control and sleep restriction are especially beneficial for older insomniacs as they target maladaptive sleep habits. Pharmacological treatment should be employed only if insomnia persists, involving the careful patient-specific consideration of the lowest effective dose, best intermittence of dosing, shortest effective duration, best gradual discontinuation scheme, and most effective elimination half-life.
Attenuation of the hypoxia-induced protein kinase Cδ interaction with the ‘d’ subunit of F1Fo-ATP synthase in neonatal cardiac myocytes: implications for energy preservation and survival
Authors: Nguyen Tiffany T. , Ogbi Mourad , Yu Qilin , Johnson John A. 
Published: June 2010

The F1Fo-ATP synthase provides most of the heart's energy, yet events that alter its function during injury are poorly understood. Recently, we described a potent inhibitory effect on F1Fo-ATP synthase function mediated by the interaction of PKCδ (protein kinase Cδ) with dF1Fo (‘d’ subunit of the F1Fo-ATPase/ATP synthase). We have now developed novel peptide modulators which facilitate or inhibit the PKCδ–dF1Fo interaction. These peptides include HIV-Tat (transactivator of transcription) protein transduction and mammalian mitochondrial-targeting sequences. Pre-incubation of NCMs (neonatal cardiac myocyte) with 10 nM extracellular concentrations of the mitochondrial-targeted PKCδ–dF1Fo interaction inhibitor decreased Hx (hypoxia)-induced co-IP (co-immunoprecipitation) of PKCδ with dF1Fo by 40±9%, abolished Hx-induced inhibition of F1Fo-ATPase activity, attenuated Hx-induced losses in F1Fo-derived ATP and protected against Hx- and reperfusion-induced cell death. A scrambled-sequence (inactive) peptide, which contained HIV-Tat and mitochondrial-targeting sequences, was without effect. In contrast, the cell-permeant mitochondrial-targeted PKCδ–dF1Fo facilitator peptide, which we have shown previously to induce the PKCδ–dF1Fo co-IP, was found to inhibit F1Fo-ATPase activity to an extent similar to that caused by Hx alone. The PKCδ–dF1Fo facilitator peptide also decreased ATP levels by 72±18% under hypoxic conditions in the presence of glycolytic inhibition. None of the PKCδ–dF1Fo modulatory peptides altered the inner mitochondrial membrane potential. Our studies provide the first evidence that disruption of the PKCδ–dF1Fo interaction using cell-permeant mitochondrial-targeted peptides attenuates cardiac injury resulting from prolonged oxygen deprivation.