bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSESSING THE PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF ADOLESCENTS' UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AND INDUCED ABORTION IN OWERRI, NIGERIA
Authors: OKEREKE CHUKWUNENYE IHEANACHO 
Published: June 2010

SummaryThis study examines the prevalence and determinants of adolescents' unintended pregnancy and induced abortion in Owerri, Nigeria. A pre-coded questionnaire was used to obtain information from 540 female adolescents of mean age 15.8 years. In addition, four FGDs were held with female adolescents in selected localities and in-depth interviews held with fifteen health-care service providers. Almost all the adolescents (99.8%) were Christians, with 70.3% being Catholics and 68.2% living with their parents. Over half (57.2%) of the adolescents had had sex. Contraceptives were rarely used owing to deep-seated cultural values. The data show that 31.6% of those who had ever had sex had an unintended pregnancy. Of these, 78.9% had recurrent pregnancies and 20.2% had an abortion. Of the latter, 41.8% had a recurrent abortion and 72.7% a post-abortion problem, for which 70.2% never sought treatment, increasing the risk of infertility in later life. The abortion seekers mostly went to patent medicine operators. A more acceptable and cost-effective contraceptive campaign involving use of local vernacular and traditional/local opinion leaders should be explored.
SPOUSAL AGREEMENT ON MATERNAL HEALTH PRACTICES IN KATHMANDU, NEPAL
Authors: MULLANY BRITTA C. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryGrowing recognition of the influential roles that men play in health behaviours and decision-making has prompted a number of couples' agreement studies, particularly in the areas of contraceptive use and household decision-making. While such findings have had important implications on the design, measurement and evaluation of family planning interventions, few studies on couples' agreement on maternal health behaviours have been conducted. Findings from a descriptive analysis of agreement levels regarding maternal health practices among 129 couples that delivered a baby in urban Nepal in 2003–2004 are presented. These data indicate that agreement levels between husbands and wives pertaining to maternal health behaviours are low, with 5–55% of couples disagreeing on whether the behaviour had occurred. These data and the surrounding discussion raise important issues that ought to be taken into consideration when conducting maternal health research and designing and evaluating maternal health programmes.
A new hairy Leptogium from Nepal.
Authors: JØRGENSEN Per M. , OLLEY Louise 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe new species Leptogium sphaerosporum from Langtang in Nepal is described. It is closely related to L. pedicellatum, but differs in being more delicate with phyllidia and having spheroid spores. It is most probably a local species of the lower montane forests. An emendation to the world key of hairy Leptogium species is presented.
Phylogenetic relationship ofParmelia lindmanii(Parmeliaceae) inferred by analysis of its nuITS rDNA sequence
Authors: ELIASARO Sionara , CRUZ Leonardo M. , IACOMINI Marcello , de OLIVEIRA PEDROSA Fabio , CORDEIRO Lucimara M. C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUsing the nuclear ITS (nuITS) region of the ribosomal DNA and an MP/Bayesian approach, a phylogenetic study was carried out to evaluate the relationship ofParmelia lindmaniiwith other members of the parmelioid lichen group. Our results showed thatP. lindmaniidoes not belong to the genusMyelochroa, as previously proposed, but is within the clade containing the type species ofParmelinella.
Additions and corrections of types in the genus Buellia s. lat. (Physciaceae) described by J. Steiner
Authors: ŞENKARDEŞLER Ayhan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this study, types of species in the genus Buellia described by J. Steiner are reviewed. Previously ignored holotypes of B. alboatra var. epipolioides, B. caesioatra, B. leptina, B. procellarum var. continuior, B. skutariensis f. compacta and B. skottsbergii are identified, lectotypes and isolectotypes of B. gotlandica, B. saxorum var. flavescens, B. skutariensis, B. skutariensis f. geographica and B. subtumida are designated, and the presumed holotypes of B. incrustans, B. sardiniensis, B. tergestina, B. trifracta and Diplotomma epipolium var. reagens are corrected to lectotypes. Further, the typification of B. stillingiana is reassessed. Amandinea skottsbergii (J. Steiner & Zahlbr.) Şenkard. and B. flavescens (J. Steiner) Şenkard. are proposed as new combinations. It is argued that the varieties Buellia alboatra var. epipolioides, B. procellarum var. continuior, B. subdisciformis f. compacta (=B. skutariensis f. compacta) and B. subdisciformis f. geographica (=B. skutariensis f. geographica) should no longer be recognized but regarded as synonyms of these species. Buellia leptina is regarded as a synonym of Diploicia subcanescens and B. subtumida is reduced to being a synonym of B. dispersa. Finally, new locations are provided for B. flavescens from Italy and B. sardiniensis from France.
Comparative analysis of the diet, growth and reproduction of the soles, Solea solea and Solea senegalensis, occurring in sympatry along the Portuguese coast
Authors: Teixeira Célia M. , Cabral Henrique N. 
Published: June 2010

Common sole, Solea solea and Senegalese sole, S. senegalensis, were collected between January 2003 and June 2005 from commercial fishing vessels operating with gill-nets and bottom trawls along the Portuguese coast, to examine diet, age and growth and reproduction. Soles fed mainly on crustaceans, polychaetes and bivalves. Feeding activity was highest in summer, for males and for the largest individuals. Significant differences were found between the proportion of prey items according to season, sex and size-class. Common sole presented a wider dietary breadth compared to Senegalese sole. Dietary overlap between the two species was higher for the winter period and for females. Age of soles was determined from sagittae otoliths readings. The length of fish analysed varied between 187 mm and 462 mm (oldest fish 9 years), for S. solea, and between 199 mm and 472 mm (oldest fish 8 years), for S. senegalensis. The von Bertalanffy growth equation coefficients differed between sexes. For both species, the asymptotic length L∞ and growth coefficient k obtained for females were higher compared to those estimated for males. The highest values of the gonadosomatic index were obtained for the winter period, when the highest proportion of individuals at spawning stage was recorded.
Generalisation and Phronesis: Rethinking the Methodology of Social Policy
Authors: SPICKER PAUL 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSocial policy research often depends on the application of generalisations from social science. Questions like ‘what works?’ assume that general principles can be translated from specific examples into other contexts. Pawson and Tilley argue that effective policy research has to depend on the idea of a ‘generative mechanism’, or relationships of cause and effect. Explaining issues in terms of causes, however, is problematic. Social phenomena tend to be multifaceted, and even relatively simple phenomena are likely to be influenced by a range of different factors; causal analyses have to be developed by interpretation, and the analyses are frequently wrong. Causal explanations often claim to do more than they can deliver: even if there is a convincing causal explanation, it does not necessarily imply any prescription for policy. There are ways of generalising, however, that do not depend on causal analysis. Phronesis develops principles experientially, setting them against empirical evidence, and it does not need to consider underlying mechanisms to be effective. Phronesis provides the basis for a critique of technocratic approaches, a rationale for action and a focus for the development of alternative methods and approaches. A dependence on phronesis cannot avoid all of the pitfalls associated with generalisation, but it is more flexible, and less presumptuous, than a causal approach.
Adaptive trajectory tracking control of a differential drive wheeled mobile robot
Authors: Shojaei Khoshnam , Shahri Alireza Mohammad , Tarakameh Ahmadreza , Tabibian Behzad 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYThis paper presents an adaptive trajectory tracking controller for a non-holonomic wheeled mobile robot (WMR) in the presence of parametric uncertainty in the kinematic and dynamic models of the WMR and actuator dynamics. The adaptive non-linear control law is designed based on input–output feedback linearization technique to get asymptotically exact cancellation for the uncertainty in the given system parameters. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed controller, a non-adaptive controller is compared with the adaptive controller via computer simulation results. The results show satisfactory trajectory tracking performance by virtue of SPR-Lyapunov design approach. In order to verify the simulation results, a set of experiments have been carried out on a commercial mobile robot. The experimental results also show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
The cl-core of an ideal
Authors: FOULI LOUIZA , VASSILEV JANET C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe expand the notion of core to cl-core for Nakayama closures cl. In the characteristic p > 0 setting, when cl is the tight closure, denoted by *, we give some examples of ideals when the core and the *-core differ. We note that *-core(I) = core(I), if I is an ideal in a one-dimensional domain with infinite residue field or if I is an ideal generated by a system of parameters in any Noetherian ring. More generally, we show the same result in a Cohen–Macaulay normal local domain with infinite perfect residue field, if the analytic spread, ℓ, is equal to the *-spread and I is Gℓ and weakly-(ℓ − 1)-residually S2. This last is dependent on our result that generalizes the notion of general minimal reductions to general minimal *-reductions. We also determine that the *-core of a tightly closed ideal in certain one-dimensional semigroup rings is tightly closed and therefore integrally closed.
On the stability of the set of hyperbolic closed orbits of a Hamiltonian
Authors: BESSA MÁRIO , FERREIRA CÉLIA , ROCHA JORGE 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLetHbe a Hamiltonian,e∈H(M) ⊂ ℝ andƐH, ea connected component ofH−1({e}) without singularities. A Hamiltonian system, say a triple (H,e,ƐH, e), is Anosov ifƐH, eis uniformly hyperbolic. The Hamiltonian system (H,e,ƐH, e) is aHamiltonian star systemif all the closed orbits ofƐH, eare hyperbolic and the same holds for a connected component of−1({ẽ}), close toƐH, e, for any Hamiltonian, in someC2-neighbourhood ofH, and ẽ in some neighbourhood ofe.In this paper we show that a Hamiltonian star system, defined on a four-dimensional symplectic manifold, is Anosov. We also prove the stability conjecture for Hamiltonian systems on a four-dimensional symplectic manifold. Moreover, we prove the openness and the structural stability of Anosov Hamiltonian systems defined on a 2d-dimensional manifold,d≥ 2.
Stable splittings, spaces of representations and almost commuting elements in Lie groups
Authors: ADEM ALEJANDRO , COHEN FREDERICK R. , GÓMEZ JOSÉ MANUEL 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this paper the space of almost commuting elements in a Lie group is studied through a homotopical point of view. In particular a stable splitting after one suspension is derived for these spaces and their quotients under conjugation. A complete description for the stable factors appearing in this splitting is provided for compact connected Lie groups of rank one. By using symmetric products, the colimits Rep(ℤn, SU), Rep(ℤn, U) and Rep(ℤn, Sp) are explicitly described as finite products of Eilenberg–MacLane spaces.
Allies, not aliens: increasing the role of local communities in marine protected area implementation
Authors: FERSE SEBASTIAN C.A. , MÁÑEZ COSTA MARÍA , MÁÑEZ KATHLEEN SCHWERDTNER , ADHURI DEDI S. , GLASER MARION 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYVarious management approaches have been proposed to address the alarming depletion of marine coastal resources. Prominent among them are community-based management and the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs). The overall poor performance of MPAs can be traced to a failure to effectively include local communities in the design and implementation of relevant measures. Recent efforts have incorporated aspects of community-based management into a hybrid form of management, which ideally builds upon existing local management practices. A key challenge lies in the development of appropriate frameworks that allow for the successful participation of local communities in management. A review of studies on MPA design and community-based marine resource management and fieldwork observations provides suggestions on how to address current socioeconomic shortcomings in MPA design and implementation, successfully involving local communities in order to provide a better local basis for effective larger MPA networks. A combination of MPA tools as the formal frame and community-based natural resource management as the adaptive core that recognizes local communities as allies, not aliens, is needed to develop successful conservation approaches.
Eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull Volcano, Iceland
Authors: Gudmundsson Magnús T. , Pedersen Rikke , Vogfjörd Kristín , Thorbjarnardóttir Bergthöra , Jakobsdóttir Steinunn , Roberts Matthew J. 
Published: June 2010

The April 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano (Figure 1), located on Iceland's southern coast, created unprecedented disruptions to European air traffic during 15–20 April, costing the aviation industry an estimated $250 million per day (see the related news item in this issue). This cost brings into focus how volcanoes can affect communities thousands of miles away.Eyjafjallajökull rises to 1666 meters above sea level and hosts agricultural land on its southern slopes, with farms located as close as 7 kilometers from the summit caldera. In the past 1500 years, Eyjafjallajökull has produced four comparatively small eruptions. The eruption previous to 2010 began in December 1821 and lasted for over a year, with intermittent explosive activity spreading a thin layer of tephra (ash and larger ejected clasts) over the surrounding region. In contrast, the explosive 2010 eruption, sourced within the ice‐capped summit of the volcano, so far is larger and characterized by magma of a slightly different composition. This may suggest that deep within the volcano, the 1821 magma source is mixing with new melt, or that residual melt from past intrusive events is being pushed out by new magma.
Nuclear Test Ban: Converting Political Visions to Reality
Authors: Suárez Gerardo 
Published: June 2010

Negotiations to ban or at least restrict nuclear explosions began not long after the first test was conducted, in the Alamogordo desert of New Mexico on 16 July 1945. In August of that same year, the world witnessed the devastation of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the horrifically destructive power that these weapons are capable of unleashing.Almost 50 years later, the long and tortuous road to negotiating a treaty that comprehensively bans nuclear explosions, whether for alleged peaceful purposes or for weapons development, culminated on 24 September 1996 when the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty (CTBT) was opened for signature. In a surge of enthusiasm, that first day the treaty was signed by more than 70 nations, including the five acknowledged nuclear powers. Addressing the United Nations General Assembly, U.S. President Bill Clinton described the CTBT as “the longest‐sought, hardest‐fought prize in the history of arms control.”
Shifts in the host range of a promiscuous plasmid through parallel evolution of its replication initiation protein
Authors: Sota Masahiro , Yano Hirokazu , M Hughes Julie , Daughdrill Gary W , Abdo Zaid , Forney Larry J , Top Eva M 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The ability of bacterial plasmids to adapt to novel hosts and thereby shift their host range is key to their long-term persistence in bacterial communities. Promiscuous plasmids of the incompatibility group P (IncP)-1 can colonize a wide range of hosts, but it is not known if and how they can contract, shift or further expand their host range. To understand the evolutionary mechanisms of host range shifts of IncP-1 plasmids, an IncP-1β mini-replicon was experimentally evolved in four hosts in which it was initially unstable. After 1000 generations in serial batch cultures under antibiotic selection for plasmid maintenance (kanamycin resistance), the stability of the mini-plasmid dramatically improved in all coevolved hosts. However, only plasmids evolved in Shewanella oneidensis showed improved stability in the ancestor, indicating that adaptive mutations had occurred in the plasmid itself. Complete genome sequence analysis of nine independently evolved plasmids showed seven unique plasmid genotypes that had various kinds of single mutations at one locus, namely, the N-terminal region of the replication initiation protein TrfA. Such parallel evolution indicates that this region was under strong selection. In five of the seven evolved plasmids, these trfA mutations resulted in a significantly higher plasmid copy number. Evolved plasmids were found to be stable in four other naive hosts, but could no longer replicate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study shows that plasmids can specialize to a novel host through trade-offs between improved stability in the new host and the ability to replicate in a previously permissive host.
Functional genomic signatures of sponge bacteria reveal unique and shared features of symbiosis
Authors: Thomas Torsten , Rusch Doug , DeMaere Matt Z , Yung Pui Yi , Lewis Matt , Halpern Aaron , Heidelberg Karla B , Egan Suhelen , Steinberg Peter D , Kjelleberg Staffan 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Sponges form close relationships with bacteria, and a remarkable phylogenetic diversity of yet-uncultured bacteria has been identified from sponges using molecular methods. In this study, we use a comparative metagenomic analysis of the bacterial community in the model sponge Cymbastela concentrica and in the surrounding seawater to identify previously unrecognized genomic signatures and functions for sponge bacteria. We observed a surprisingly large number of transposable insertion elements, a feature also observed in other symbiotic bacteria, as well as a set of predicted mechanisms that may defend the sponge community against the introduction of foreign DNA and hence contribute to its genetic resilience. Moreover, several shared metabolic interactions between bacteria and host include vitamin production, nutrient transport and utilization, and redox sensing and response. Finally, an abundance of protein–protein interactions mediated through ankyrin and tetratricopeptide repeat proteins could represent a mechanism for the sponge to discriminate between food and resident bacteria. These data provide new insight into the evolution of symbiotic diversity, microbial metabolism and host–microbe interactions in sponges.
FlhA provides the adaptor for coordinated delivery of late flagella building blocks to the type III secretion system
Authors: Bange Gert , Kümmerer Nico , Engel Christoph , Bozkurt Gunes , Wild Klemens , Sinning Irmgard 
Published: June 2010

Flagella are the bacterial organelles of motility and can play important roles in pathogenesis. Flagella biosynthesis requires the coordinated export of huge protein amounts from the cytosol to the nascent flagellar structure at the cell surface and employs a type III secretion system (T3SS). Here we show that the integral membrane protein FlhA from the gram-positive bacterium
Bacillus subtilis
acts as an adaptor for late export substrates at the T3SS. The major filament protein (flagellin) and the filament-cap protein (FliD) bind to the FlhA cytoplasmic domain (FlhA-C) only in complex with their cognate chaperones (FliS and FliT). To understand the molecular details of these interactions we determined the FlhA-C crystal structure at 2.3 Å resolution. FlhA-C consists of an N-terminal linker region, three subdomains with a novel fold, and a disordered region essential for the adaptor function. We show that the export protein FliJ associates with the linker region and modulates the binding properties of FlhA-C. While the interaction of FliD/FliT is enhanced, flagellin/FliS is not affected. FliJ also keeps FliT associated with FlhA-C and excess of FliT inhibits binding of FliD/FliT, suggesting that empty FliT chaperones stay associated with FliJ after export of FliD. Taken together, these results allow to propose a model that explains how the T3SS may switch from the stoichiometric export of FliD to the high-throughput secretion of flagellin.
Structure-based variable selection for survival data
Authors: Lagani Vincenzo , Tsamardinos Ioannis 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMotivation: Variable selection is a typical approach used for molecular-signature and biomarker discovery; however, its application to survival data is often complicated by censored samples. We propose a new algorithm for variable selection suitable for the analysis of high-dimensional, right-censored data called Survival Max–Min Parents and Children (SMMPC). The algorithm is conceptually simple, scalable, based on the theory of Bayesian networks (BNs) and the Markov blanket and extends the corresponding algorithm (MMPC) for classification tasks. The selected variables have a structural interpretation: if T is the survival time (in general the time-to-event), SMMPC returns the variables adjacent to T in the BN representing the data distribution. The selected variables also have a causal interpretation that we discuss.Results: We conduct an extensive empirical analysis of prototypical and state-of-the-art variable selection algorithms for survival data that are applicable to high-dimensional biological data. SMMPC selects on average the smallest variable subsets (less than a dozen per dataset), while statistically significantly outperforming all of the methods in the study returning a manageable number of genes that could be inspected by a human expert.Availability: Matlab and R code are freely available from http://www.mensxmachina.orgContact: vlagani@ics.forth.grSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Soybean Resistance to Field Populations of Heterodera glycines in Selected Geographic Areas
Authors: Faghihi Jamal , Donald Patricia A. , Noel Gregory , Welacky Tom W. , Ferris Virginia R. 
Published: June 2010

Data were collected 2006 through 2008 from 527 soil samples to determine the current effectiveness of PI 88788 and other sources of Heterodera glycines resistance in three geographically separated areas of soybean production: Tennessee and Indiana/Illinois, USA, and Ontario, Canada. In Tennessee where PI 88788 source of resistance has been used since 1978, 93% of field populations reproduced on PI 88788 (≥10% of susceptible cultivar), and no HG Type 0 populations were found. In Indiana and Illinois, where resistance was used since the mid-1980s, from 56 to 88% of the populations reproduced on PI 88788 (≥10%). PI 548402 (Peking), PI 90763, and PI 437654 had low reproduction (≤10%) unlike Tennessee where 78% of the populations reproduced on PI 548402 (≥10%) and 93% reproduced on PI 90763 (≥10%). In Ontario, where cultivars with PI 88788 resistance were used after 1989, PI 88788 in 73% of the field populations had ≤10% reproduction. But 15% of Ontario populations reproduced on PI 548402 (≥10%) and 6% reproduced on PI 90763 (≥10%), two sources of resistance not generally present in commercial cultivars grown in Ontario. Accepted for publication 9 March 2010. Published 26 April 2010.