bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting miR‐31 represses tumourigenesis and dedifferentiation of BRAFV600E‐associated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Peitao , Guan Lizhao , Sun Wei , Zhang Yu , Du Yaying , Yuan Shukai , Cao Xiaolong , Yu Zhengquan , Jia Qiang , Zheng Xiangqian , Meng Zhaowei , Li Xingrui , Zhao Li 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBRAFV600E is the most common genetic mutation in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) occurring in 60% of patients and drives malignant tumour cell phenotypes including proliferation, metastasis and immune‐escape. BRAFV600E‐mutated papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) also displays greatly reduced expression of thyroid differentiation markers, thus tendency to radioactive iodine (RAI) refractory and poor prognosis. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms and main oncogenic events underlying BRAFV600E will guide future therapy development.MethodsBioinformatics and clinical specimen analyses, genetic manipulation of BRAFV600E‐induced PTC model, functional and mechanism exploration guided with transcriptomic screening, as well as systematic rescue experiments were applied to investigate miR‐31 function within BRAFV600E‐induced thyroid cancer development. Besides, nanoparticles carrying miR‐31 antagomirs were testified to alleviate 131I iodide therapy on PTC models.ResultsWe identify miR‐31 as a significantly increased onco‐miR in BRAFV600E‐associated PTC that promotes tumour progression, metastasis and RAI refractoriness via sustained Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Mechanistically, highly activated BRAF/MAPK pathway induces miR‐31 expression via c‐Jun‐mediated transcriptional regulation across in vitro and transgenic mouse models. MiR‐31 in turn facilitates β‐catenin stabilisation via directly repressing tumour suppressors CEBPA and DACH1, which direct the expression of multiple essential Wnt/β‐catenin pathway inhibitors. Genetic functional assays showed that thyroid‐specific knockout of miR‐31 inhibited BRAFV600E‐induced PTC progression, and strikingly, enhanced expression of sodium‐iodide symporter and other thyroid differentiation markers, thus promoted 131I uptake. Nanoparticle‐mediated application of anti‐miR‐31 antagomirs markedly elevated radio‐sensitivity of BRAFV600E‐induced PTC tumours to 131I therapy, and efficiently suppressed tumour progression in the pre‐clinical mouse model.ConclusionsOur findings elucidate a novel BRAF/MAPK‐miR‐31‐Wnt/β‐catenin regulatory mechanism underlying clinically BRAFV600E‐associated DTC tumourigenesis and dedifferentiation, also highlight a potential adjuvant therapeutic strategy for advanced DTC.
Decoding the ribosome's hidden language: rRNA modifications as key players in cancer dynamics and targeted therapies
Authors: Cui Li , Zheng Jiarong , Lin Yunfan , Lin Pei , Lu Ye , Zheng Yucheng , Guo Bing , Zhao Xinyuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRibosomal RNA (rRNA) modifications, essential components of ribosome structure and function, significantly impact cellular proteomics and cancer biology. These chemical modifications transcend structural roles, critically shaping ribosome functionality and influencing cellular protein profiles. In this review, the mechanisms by which rRNA modifications regulate both rRNA functions and broader cellular physiological processes are critically discussed. Importantly, by altering the translational output, rRNA modifications can shift the cellular equilibrium towards oncogenesis, thus playing a key role in cancer development and progression. Moreover, a special focus is placed on the functions of mitochondrial rRNA modifications and their aberrant expression in cancer, an area with profound implications yet largely uncharted. Dysregulation in these modifications can lead to metabolic dysfunction and apoptosis resistance, hallmark traits of cancer cells. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives in targeting rRNA modifications are highlighted as a therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. In conclusion, rRNA modifications represent a frontier in cancer research, offering novel insights and therapeutic possibilities. Understanding and harnessing these modifications can pave the way for breakthroughs in cancer treatment, potentially transforming the approach to combating this complex disease.
An improved localization algorithm to replace faulty nodes for an IoT network using weighted grey wolf optimization
Authors: Kanwar Vivek , Aydin Orhun 
Published: May 2024

SummaryLocalization algorithms are essential for tracking, fault tolerance, and adding location context to Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Among the various range‐free techniques, DV‐Hop stands out for its lower computational complexity. Despite efforts to minimize manufacturing costs for sensors, they often find themselves deployed in remote and hard‐to‐access locations, making battery replacement a challenging prospect. These sensors can be utilized in a hostile environment, such as a field of battle, fires, floods, and earthquakes. In these types of scenarios, the sensors can become dead and stop communicating with each other. Hence, there is a critical need to improve algorithms that can tolerate and detect faults in network nodes. The faults of the sensor can lower the quality of the algorithm if they are not replaced. In such situations, we need to distribute supplementary target nodes to replace faulty nodes. This paper presented an improved DV‐Hop based method for localization of additional target nodes using grey wolf optimization (GWO). The proposed method will only localize the position of target nodes and minimizes the localization time, which makes the system more energy efficient. Simulation results conclude that the proposed GWO‐based DV‐Hop localization performed well as compared with traditional DV‐hop, genetic DV‐Hop, and Adaptive genetic DV‐hop.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prevalence and risk factors
Authors: He Zimeng , Yang Xiaofan , Li Yumei , Zhao Xiaoyu , Li Jun , Li Baomin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy (CWE).MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in PubMed and Embase for the meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence of ADHD was calculated using a random‐effects model; subgroup analyses were performed to explore heterogeneity. We collected raw data from articles reporting potential risk factors, which were included in the subsequent risk factor analysis.ResultsForty‐six articles met the inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis, which showed a pooled ADHD prevalence of 30.7% in CWE, with a predominance of the inattentive subtype of ADHD; the heterogeneity of prevalence was related to population source/study setting (clinic based, community based, or database based) and method of ADHD diagnosis (with or without clinical review). Risk factors for ADHD in epilepsy included younger age, intellectual/developmental disabilities, a family history of epilepsy, earlier epilepsy onset, absence epilepsy, more frequent seizures, and polytherapy; In contrast, risk factors such as sex, generalized epilepsy or seizures, epilepsy etiology, and electroencephalogram abnormalities were not significantly associated with the occurrence of ADHD.SignificanceThe prevalence of ADHD in CWE is high and several potential risk factors are associated with it. This study contributes to a better understanding of ADHD in epilepsy for screening and treatment.Plain Language SummaryThis systematic review summarizes the prevalence of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurring in children with epilepsy and analyses the risk factors for comorbid ADHD in epilepsy. By reviewing 46 articles, we concluded that the overall prevalence of ADHD in children with epilepsy was 30.7% and that intellectual/developmental disabilities were the most significant risk factor for combined ADHD in children with epilepsy. This study provides a wealth of information on comorbid ADHD in epilepsy, which will help clinicians identify and treat potential ADHD in children with epilepsy in a timely manner.
Does Daucus carota L. leaf provide a high potential as a source of bioactive constituents: A case study about the influences of process/storage conditions
Authors: Bardakçi Merve Seçil , Özçelik Ayşe , Karacabey Erkan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe current study focused on the valorization of carrot leaves, Daucus carota L. because of their high amount of ascorbic acid (AA), phenolic compounds, and the related antioxidant activity. In this study, the changes in carrot leaves caused by different drying techniques (freeze, vacuum, microwave‐assisted infrared, oven) and different storage conditions (room temperature and refrigerator) were investigated. AA contents of fresh, dried, and stored carrot leaf samples were chromatographically determined. Additionally, analysis of TPA (total phenolic content), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and color were carried out. Additionally, fresh leaves were analyzed to compare their results with the corresponding values of processed or stored samples. TPA, TAC, AA, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid values of the samples stored in the refrigerator were 889 ± 63 mg/100 g d.b., 504 mg/100 g d.b., 269 A.A./100 g d.b., 253 mg/100 g d.b., and 2497 mg/100 g d.b., respectively, while the values of the samples dried at room temperature 620 ± 35 mg/100 g d.b., 303 ± 15 mg/100 g d.b., 110 ± 21 mg A.A./100 g d.b., 44 ± 3 mg/100 g d.b., 641 ± 16 mg/100 g d.b., respectively. Consequently, fresh carrot leaves have a higher vitamin C content than many leafy vegetables and even its own family, parsley. Fresh samples stored at room temperature and in the refrigerator for 7 days provided high ascorbic acid retention. Dried leaves with the MW + IR combined system provided better protection than others in terms of bioactive components. However, OD treatment at 40°C provided better protection and was one step ahead in terms of AA content.
Dietary Polycan, a β‐glucan originating from Aureobasidium pullulansSM‐2001, attenuates high‐fat‐diet‐induced intestinal barrier damage in obese mice by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis
Authors: Ko Gwang‐Pyo , Unno Tatsuya , Kim Young‐Suk , Kim Jungman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVarious metabolic diseases caused by a high‐fat diet (HFD) are closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Polycan, a type of β‐glucan, is effective in treating anti‐obesity and metabolic diseases caused by HFD. However, the effect of Polycan on dysbiosis and epithelial barrier damage is still unknown. In this study, the effects of Polycan on dysbiosis and intestinal barrier damage were investigated using HFD‐induced obese model mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks and treated with two different doses of Polycan (250 and 500 mg/kg) orally administered during weeks 9 to 12. Polycan supplementation increased the expression of tight junction genes (zonula occludens‐1, occludin, and claudin‐3) and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) content while reducing toxic substances (phenol, p‐cresol, and skatole). Most significantly, Polycan enriched SCFA‐producing bacteria (i.e., Phocaeicola, Bacteroides, Faecalibaculum, Oscillibacter, Lachnospiraceae, and Muribaculaceae), and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and toxic substances‐producing bacteria (i.e., Olsenella, Clostridium XVIII, and Schaedlerella). Furthermore, microbial functional capacity prediction of the gut microbiota revealed that Polycan enriched many SCFA‐related KEGG enzymes while toxic substance‐related KEGG enzymes were depleted. These findings indicated that Polycan has the potential to alleviate HFD‐induced intestinal barrier damage by modulating the function and composition of the gut microbiota.
Related mechanisms, current treatments, and new perspectives in meningioma
Authors: Inetas‐Yengin Gizem , Bayrak Omer Faruk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeningiomas are non‐glial tumors that are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Although meningioma can possibly be cured with surgical excision, variations in atypical/anaplastic meningioma have a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. As a result, it is critical to develop novel therapeutic options for high‐grade meningiomas. This review highlights the current histology of meningiomas, prevalent genetic and molecular changes, and the most extensively researched signaling pathways and therapies in meningiomas. It also reviews current clinical studies and novel meningioma treatments, including immunotherapy, microRNAs, cancer stem cell methods, and targeted interventions within the glycolysis pathway. Through the examination of the complex landscape of meningioma biology and the highlighting of promising therapeutic pathways, this review opens the way for future research efforts aimed at improving patient outcomes in this prevalent intracranial tumor entity.
Amygdala structural and functional reorganization as an indicator of affective dysfunction in patients with tinnitus
Authors: Huang Yan , Chen Qian , Lv Han , Wang Zhaodi , Wang Xinghao , Liu Chunli , Huang Yuyou , Zhao Pengfei , Yang Zhenghan , Gong Shusheng , Wang Zhenchang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to systematically investigate structural and functional alterations in amygdala subregions using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with tinnitus with or without affective dysfunction. Sixty patients with persistent tinnitus and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Based on a questionnaire assessment, 26 and 34 patients were categorized into the tinnitus patients with affective dysfunction (TPAD) and tinnitus patients without affective dysfunction (TPWAD) groups, respectively. MRI‐based measurements of gray matter volume, fractional anisotropy (FA), fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), degree centrality (DC), and functional connectivity (FC) were conducted within 14 amygdala subregions for intergroup comparisons. Associations between the MRI properties and clinical characteristics were estimated via partial correlation analyses. Compared with that of the HCs, the TPAD and TPWAD groups exhibited significant structural and functional changes, including white matter integrity (WMI), fALFF, ReHo, DC, and FC alterations, with more pronounced WMI changes in the TPAD group, predominantly within the left auxiliary basal or basomedial nucleus (AB/BM), right central nucleus, right lateral nuclei (dorsal portion), and left lateral nuclei (ventral portion containing basolateral portions). Moreover, the TPAD group exhibited decreased FC between the left AB/BM and left middle occipital gyrus and right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left basal nucleus and right SFG, and right lateral nuclei (intermediate portion) and right SFG. In combination, these amygdalar alterations exhibited a sensitivity of 65.4% and specificity of 96.9% in predicting affective dysfunction in patients with tinnitus. Although similar structural and functional amygdala remodeling were observed in the TPAD and TPWAD groups, the changes were more pronounced in the TPAD group. These changes mainly involved alterations in functionality and white matter microstructure in various amygdala subregions; in combination, these changes could serve as an imaging‐based predictor of emotional disorders in patients with tinnitus.
Beyond book clubs: Establishing a network of teacher‐readers through community, purpose, and joy
Authors: Cissi Emily , Kruep Renee Stites , Goldsmith Christy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhen a hard‐working, justice‐oriented group of pre‐service English teachers (PSTs) identified themselves as non‐readers, two professors and a program alumna at a flagship university in the Midwest were inspired to create a young adult (YA) literature book club. Through monthly meetings, PSTs (and later first‐year teachers) gathered in a welcoming third space (Gutiérrez, 2008) to discuss YA books as readers and as teachers, considering both the experience of reading and the purpose for using these texts in their classrooms (Rosenblatt, 1994). Outcomes from Overbooked: An Educators' Book Club suggest that pre‐service teachers can find reading joy when offered a supportive space and community to grow as readers and teachers.
Morphology of the pterothoracic musculature in Paraneoptera and its phylogenetic implication (Insecta: Neoptera)
Authors: Kawata Azuma , Ogawa Naoki , Yoshizawa Kazunori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough the monophyly of Paraneoptera (=hemipteroid orders or Acercaria, composed of Psocodea, Thysanoptera and Hemiptera) has been widely accepted morphologically, the results from molecular phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses contradict this hypothesis. In particular, phylogenomic analyses provide strong bootstrap support for the sister group relationship between Psocodea and Holometabola, that is, paraphyly of Paraneoptera. Here, we examined the pterothoracic musculature of Paraneoptera, as well as a wide range of other neopterous insect orders, and analysed its phylogenetic implication. By using the synchrotron microcomputed tomography (µCT) and parsimony‐based ancestral state reconstruction, several apomorphic conditions suggesting the monophyly of Paraneoptera, such as the absence of the II/IIItpm7, IIscm3, IIIspm2 and IIIscm3 muscles, were identified. In contrast, no characters supporting Psocodea + Holometabola were recovered from the thoracic muscles. These results provide additional support for the monophyly of Paraneoptera, together with the previously detected morphological apomorphies of the head, wing base, and abdomen.
Ustekinumab in paediatric patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease: UniStar study long‐term extension results
Authors: Turner Dan , Rosh Joel R. , Cohen Stanley A. , Griffiths Anne M. , Hyams Jeffrey S. , Kierkuś Jarosław , Adedokun Omoniyi J. , Strauss Richard , Kim Lilianne , Volger Sheri ,   UniStar Study Group
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy, safety, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics through 240 weeks of ustekinumab treatment in paediatric patients from the long‐term extension (LTE) of the phase 1, double‐blind UniStar trial.MethodsPaediatric patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease (CD) were randomised 1:1 and stratified by body weight (<40 or ≥40 kg) to low‐ or high‐dose intravenous ustekinumab followed by a subcutaneous maintenance dose at Week 8. At Week 16, patients were eligible to enter the LTE at the discretion of the investigator and continued maintenance dosing every 8 weeks up to Week 240.ResultsOf the 34 patients who entered the LTE, 25 patients with evaluable data completed Week 48, and 41.2% (14/34) achieved clinical remission at Week 48. Among the 24 patients with Week‐0 C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels ≥3 mg/L, 29.2% (7/24) achieved normalisation of CRP at Week 48, while imputing missing data as failures. Through Week 240, the most common adverse events were infections (n = 28) and gastrointestinal disorders (n = 26). The most common serious adverse event was worsening of CD (n = 6). Only one patient had detectable antibodies to ustekinumab. Median serum ustekinumab concentrations remained consistent through Week 48, were detectable through Week 224, and trended lower in patients <40 kg.ConclusionsEfficacy and pharmacokinetics through 1 year and safety and immunogenicity through 4 years of ustekinumab treatment in paediatric patients with CD were generally comparable to those previously reported in adults.
Comparison of the bioactive properties, tocopherol and phenolic components of germinated, roasted, and boiled chufa (Cyperus esculentus) tubers
Authors: Özcan Mehmet Musa , Yılmaz Havvanur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundChufa flour can be used as a supplement to cereal flour to increase its calcium content. Many studies have shown that chufa tubers have high nutritional value.ResultsThe carotenoid contents of the tubers ranged from 0.270 (roasting) to 1.897 μg/g (germination). The total flavonoid contents of chufa tuber were recorded between 4.60 and 17.93 mg CE/100 g. According to the results obtained, oil yield was determined between 12.55% (germination) and 18.05% (roasting). The protein content of the chufa tuber was found to be 16.60% in the germinated sample with the highest value. Potassium (3792.67–8384.85), sulfur (975.74–1804.01), phosphorus (944.08–1256.78), and magnesium (504.45–672.82 ppm) are the main inorganic components of ash in the samples examined. The highest carotenoid content in the oil was observed in the germinated sample with 7084.10 μg/g, total phenol content 9.44 mgGAE/100 g, total flavonoid content 561.10 mg CE/100 g, and antioxidant activity value 32.39%. It was determined that oleic acid (70.95%–73.47%) was the dominant fatty acid. The results of tocopherol content of chufa tuber oil belong to the highest α‐tocopherol by boiling (8.91 mg/kg), roasting (9.07 mg/kg), and germinating (9.64 mg/kg).ConclusionAccording to the results of the study, the germination process applied to the chufa tuber increased the protein and macro mineral content. The germination process applied to the chufa tuber increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherol. Chufa tuber oil contains highly unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and phenolic compounds. Due to its nutritional quality, chufa oil is recommended for consumption and industrial use.
Kinematics, kinetics, and new insights from a contemporary analysis of the first experiments to produce cervical facet dislocations in the laboratory
Authors: Quarrington Ryan D. , Bauze Robert , Jones Claire F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe first experimental study to produce cervical facet dislocation (CFD) in cadaver specimens captured the vertebral motions and axial forces that are important for understanding the injury mechanics. However, these data were not reported in the original manuscript, nor been presented in the limited subsequent studies of experimental CFD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to re‐examine the analog data from the first experimental study to determine the local and global spinal motions, and applied axial force, at and preceding CFD.MethodsIn the original study, quasistatic axial loading was applied to 14 cervical spines by compressing them between two metal plates. Specimens were fixed caudally via a steel spindle positioned within the spinal canal and a bone pin through the inferior‐most vertebral body. Global rotation of the occiput was restricted but its anterior translation was unconstrained. The instant of CFD was identified on sagittal cineradiograph films (N = 10), from which global and intervertebral kinematics were also calculated. Corresponding axial force data (N = 6) were extracted, and peak force and force at the instant of injury were determined.ResultsCFD occurred in eight specimens, with an intervertebral flexion angle of 34.8 ± 5.6 degrees, and a 3.1 ± 1.9 mm increase in anterior translation, at the injured level. For seven specimens, CFD was produced at the level of transition from upper neck lordosis to lower neck kyphosis. Five specimens with force data underwent CFD at 545 ± 147 N, preceded by a peak axial force (755 ± 233 N) that appeared to coincide with either fracture or soft tissue failure.ConclusionsRe‐examining this rich dataset has provided quantitative evidence that small axial compression forces, combined with anterior eccentricity and upper neck extension, can cause flexion and shear in the lower neck, leading to soft tissue rupture and CFD.