bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Furosemide Ototoxicity Revisited
Authors: Baldwin Kathleen A. , Budzinski Cynthia E. , Shapiro Craig J. 
Published: May 2010

Background Acquired sensorineural hearing loss occurs as a consequence of damage to the inner ear and may result from tumors, medications, or noise-induced acoustic trauma. Furosemide ototoxicity—manifested by tinnitus, vertigo, or hearing loss—is frequently reversible, but some cases may result in permanent hearing loss. Purpose Because of the serious nature of this adverse drug reaction, the intent of this article is heightening the awareness of furosemide-induced ototoxicity through case presentation. Methods An updated review of the literature is provided. Results and Conclusion The case demonstrates multiple risk factors that can be used to empower readers for identification of patients who are also at high risk. Strategies are presented for avoiding further cases.
The relationship of coffee and green tea consumption with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Japanese men and women
Authors: Maki Takako , Pham Ngoc Minh , Yoshida Daigo , Yin Guang , Ohnaka Keizo , Takayanagi Ryoichi , Kono Suminori 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background: Circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) is a good marker of chronic low-grade inflammation. The few studies that have addressed the relationship between coffee consumption and CRP concentrations report inconsistent findings. The authors of this study examined the relationship between coffee and green tea consumption and serum concentrations of CRP, and the interaction with alcohol consumption, smoking, and obesity in a large population of free-living Japanese men and women.

Methods: Study subjects were 10,325 men and women, 49–76 years of age, living in Fukuoka City who participated in a baseline survey of a cohort study on lifestyle-related diseases. Coffee and green tea consumption and other lifestyle characteristics were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and venous blood samples were also included.

Results: CRP concentrations were progressively lower with increasing levels of coffee consumption, after adjustment for smoking and other covariates (p for trend=0.03) in men, but not in women. Stratified analysis indicated that this inverse association was primarily limited to men with a high consumption of alcohol (≥50 g/day). Green tea consumption showed no measurable relationship with CRP concentrations in either men or women.

Conclusions: Coffee may be protective specifically against alcohol-induced hepatic inflammation. Further studies are warranted in different populations.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:849–54.
Improving the harmonisation of the International Normalized Ratio (INR): time to think outside the box?
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , McVicker Wendy , Hamdam Sayed , Hocker Naomi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The prothrombin time (PT) assay is the most often requested coagulation test and used primarily for monitoring Vitamin K antagonist therapy, where results may be expressed as an International Normalised Ratio (INR). The INR is the patient's PT ‘mathematically adjusted’ or ‘standardised’ to take into account the specific test system used (i.e., comprising the test reagent/instrument combination). This standardisation or ‘adjustment’ is achieved by applying two ‘correction factors’, respectively defined by the ‘International Sensitivity Index’ (ISI) and the ‘mean normal prothrombin time’ (MNPT), according to the formula: INR=[patient PT/MNPT]ISI. While some manufacturers provide assigned ISI values for specific PT reagents and instrumentation, the vast number of possible reagent/instrument combinations usually precludes this in most situations. Even when an ISI is provided by the manufacturer, laboratories need to check or validate the assigned value. When a manufacturer does not provide an ISI, the laboratory needs to define its own (local ISI) value. The MNPT usually has to be locally defined, based on the population being tested. Current recommendations for defining ISI values include the classical, but prohibitively complex, World Health Organization (WHO) recommended procedure, and more recently the use of commercial reference-plasma calibration sets. The MNPT can also be defined using the WHO recommended procedure or with calibration sets. However, there is limited information to validate the performance of these in laboratory practice, and there are several unrecognised problems that limit the validity and utility of the ISI and MNPT values that are determined. Thus, it is perhaps time to start thinking outside the box, and to utilise additional methods for determining and/or validating ISI and MNPT values. This may include the use of regression analysis to assess ongoing peer-related performance in external quality assurance programmes, and to compare the behaviour of proposed replacement reagents with that of existing reagents. Such strategies have proven of considerable benefit to local laboratory practice, and should therefore enable other laboratories to optimise their practice in order to provide INRs that better reflect a patient's anticoagulant status, and thus assist in their clinical therapeutic management.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1079–90.
Comparison of cetylpyridinium chloride and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide extractive procedures for quantification and characterization of human urinary glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Buzzega Dania , Pederzoli Francesca , Maccari Francesca , Aslan Diler , Türk Mehmet , Volpi Nicola 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are natural complex polysaccharides that are important in several pathological processes. Urinary GAGs have long been investigated for their possible modifications in many pathological conditions. In some cases, they have been found to have diagnostic utility. As a result, the measurement of GAGs in urine is gradually gaining importance. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB) are generally used to extract urinary GAGs prior to analysis. In this study, we evaluated the extraction of human urinary GAGs using CPC in comparison with CETAB.

Methods: Extracted urinary GAGs were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by agarose-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sequential staining and densitometric scanning. This procedure was able to give more reproducible and reliable results for urinary GAGs, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the evaluation of chondroitin sulfate (CS) disaccharides.

Results: Differences were observed between CPC and CETAB extract protocols. The absolute amount of CS evaluated by electrophoresis was found to be similar for the two protocols. However, the heparan sulfate (HS) concentration was calculated to be approximately 3.3 times greater for CPC than CETAB. When calculated in relative percentage, 33.6% HS was determined for CPC and 10.0% for CETAB. These results show a quantitative expression for greater recovery of HS by using CPC protocol than CETAB. No significant differences were found between CS quantified by agarose-gel and HPLC. In addition, no differences were observed for the CS disaccharide composition purified by using CPC or CETAB, and quite similar results were observed for 4s/6s disaccharide ratios and charge density values.

Conclusions: Extract procedures for urinary GAGs using CPC or CETAB are able to recover similar amounts of CS quantified by agarose-gel electrophoresis and HPLC. However, CPC yields greater recovery of HS than the CETAB protocol; an increase of approximately 3.3 times as evaluated by electrophoresis. This different capacity of HS extraction between CPC and CETAB should be considered when urinary GAGs of subjects affected by various diseases and related pharmacological treatments are considered, or meta-analysis is performed comparing various studies and trials performed under different experimental conditions.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1133–9.
Effect of drying and rewetting of wood on cellulose molecular packing
Authors: Hill Stefan J. , Kirby Nigel M. , Mudie Stephen T. , Hawley Adrian M. , Ingham Bridget , Franich Robert A. , Newman Roger H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Drying and rewetting of Pinus radiata sapwood latewood was studied by synchrotron wide angle X-ray scattering in transmission mode. Scattering from cellulose was interpreted in terms of chains distributed on a monoclinic lattice. Drying wood material to below the fibre saturation point resulted in decreased spacing between adjacent cellulose polymers within the hydrogen-bonded sheets of chains, and also decreased the monoclinic angle. The changes were partly reversed when the dried wood was rewet, but accumulated through multiple cycles of oven-drying and rewetting. No changes were observed in the fibre repeat distance, thus the distortion of the crystal lattice was not attributed to mechanical stresses associated with drying. Instead, the changes were attributed to formation of intrachain hydrogen bonds at dehydrated crystallite surfaces, causing conformational changes within the cellulose chains and increasing the density of packing. The results help account for the hysteresis observed in moisture desorption-adsorption isotherms during wood material drying and rehydration.
Functional Genomics Analysis of theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeIron Responsive Transcription Factor Aft1 Reveals Iron-Independent Functions
Authors: Berthelet Sharon , Usher Jane , Shulist Kristian , Hamza Akil , Maltez Nancy , Johnston Anne , Fong Ying , Harris Linda J , Baetz Kristin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor Aft1 is activated in iron-deficient cells to induce the expression of iron regulon genes, which coordinate the increase of iron uptake and remodel cellular metabolism to survive low-iron conditions. In addition, Aft1 has been implicated in numerous cellular processes including cell-cycle progression and chromosome stability; however, it is unclear if all cellular effects of Aft1 are mediated through iron homeostasis. To further investigate the cellular processes affected by Aft1, we identified &gt;70 deletion mutants that are sensitive to perturbations in AFT1 levels using genome-wide synthetic lethal and synthetic dosage lethal screens. Our genetic network reveals that Aft1 affects a diverse range of cellular processes, including the RIM101 pH pathway, cell-wall stability, DNA damage, protein transport, chromosome stability, and mitochondrial function. Surprisingly, only a subset of mutants identified are sensitive to extracellular iron fluctuations or display genetic interactions with mutants of iron regulon genes AFT2 or FET3. We demonstrate that Aft1 works in parallel with the RIM101 pH pathway and the role of Aft1 in DNA damage repair is mediated by iron. In contrast, through both directed studies and microarray transcriptional profiling, we show that the role of Aft1 in chromosome maintenance and benomyl resistance is independent of its iron regulatory role, potentially through a nontranscriptional mechanism.
Early Course of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescent Smokers
Authors: Doubeni Chyke A. , Reed George , DiFranza Joseph R. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to characterize the early course of nicotine dependence.

METHODS:
Data were collected from 1246 sixth-graders in a 4-year (2002–2006) prospective study using 11 individual interviews. Subjects were monitored for 10 symptoms of dependence by using the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist. The bidirectional prospective relationship between the intensity of dependence (number of symptoms) and smoking frequency was examined by using cross-lagged analyses.

RESULTS:
Of the 370 subjects who had inhaled from a cigarette, 62% smoked at least once per month, 53% experienced dependence symptoms, and 40% experienced escalation to daily smoking. Smoking frequency predicted the number of dependence symptoms at the next interview, and the number of symptoms predicted reciprocally the observed escalation in smoking frequency. Monthly smoking was a strong risk factor for the development of symptoms (adjusted hazard ratio: 9.9 [95% confidence interval: 6.6–14.8]). A strong desire to smoke was the most common presenting symptom, typically followed by the appearance of symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, escalation to daily smoking, and then reports of feeling addicted or difficulty controlling smoking. The appearance of any dependence symptom increased the risk for daily smoking (hazard ratio: 6.81 [95% confidence interval: 4.4–10.5]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Nondaily tobacco use triggers the emergence of nicotine dependence. Early dependence symptoms promote escalation in smoking frequency and, reciprocally, more-frequent smoking accelerates the appearance of additional symptoms of dependence. As this positive feedback progresses, the symptoms of nicotine dependence present in a typical sequence, with some individual variation.
Weight Status as a Predictor of Being Bullied in Third Through Sixth Grades
Authors: Lumeng Julie C. , Forrest Patrick , Appugliese Danielle P. , Kaciroti Niko , Corwyn Robert F. , Bradley Robert H. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:
Childhood obesity and bullying both are pervasive public health problems. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between childhood obesity and being bullied in third, fifth, and sixth grades while testing for potential confounding and moderation.

METHODS:
A total of 821 children who were participating in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (50% male, 81% white, 17% obese, 15% overweight in third grade) were studied. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the relationship between child weight status and the odds of being bullied as reported by child, mother, and teacher, accounting for repeated measures and adjusting for grade level in school, child gender, child race, family income-to-needs ratio, school racial and socioeconomic composition, and mother- and teacher-reported child social skills and child academic achievement.

RESULTS:
In sixth grade, 33.9%, 44.5%, and 24.9% of the children were reported to be bullied per teacher-, mother-, and self-report, respectively. There was a significant independent association between being obese and being bullied (odds ratio: 1.63 [95% confidence interval: 1.18–2.25]). The relationship between being obese and being bullied was attenuated but not eliminated by all covariates except gender. The relationship was not moderated by any of the covariates.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children who are obese are more likely to be bullied, regardless of a number of potential sociodemographic, social, and academic confounders. No protective factors were identified. Effective interventions to reduce bullying of obese children need to be identified.
Variation in Specialty Care Hospitalization for Children With Chronic Conditions in California
Authors: Chamberlain Lisa J. , Chan Jia , Mahlow Pamela , Huffman Lynne C. , Chan Kristen , Wise Paul H. 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:Despite the documented utility of regionalized systems of pediatric specialty care, little is known about the actual use of such systems in total populations of chronically ill children. The objective of this study was to evaluate variations and trends in regional patterns of specialty care hospitalization for children with chronic illness in California.METHODS:Using California's Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development unmasked discharge data set between 1999 and 2007, we performed a retrospective, total-population analysis of variations in specialty care hospitalization for children with chronic illness in California. The main outcome measure was the use of pediatric specialty care centers for hospitalization of children with a chronic condition in California.RESULTS:Analysis of 2 170 102 pediatric discharges revealed that 41% had a chronic condition, and 44% of these were discharged from specialty care centers. Specialty care hospitalization varied by county and type of condition. Multivariate analyses associated increased specialty care center use with public insurance and high pediatric specialty care bed supply. Decreased use of regionalized care was seen for adolescent patients, black, non-Hispanic children, and children who resided in zip codes of low income or were located farther from a regional center of care.CONCLUSIONS:Significant variation exists in specialty care hospitalization among chronically ill children in California. These findings suggest a need for greater scrutiny of clinical practices and child health policies that shape patterns of hospitalization of children with serious chronic disease.
Family-Centered Care for US Children With Special Health Care Needs: Who Gets It and Why?
Authors: Coker Tumaini R. , Rodriguez Michael A. , Flores Glenn 
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to examine racial/ethnic and language disparities in family-centered care (FCC) and in FCC components for children with special health care needs (CSHCN).

METHODS:
Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of data from the 2005–2006 National Survey of CSHCN were performed.

RESULTS:
A total of 66% of CSHCN with a health visit in the past year received FCC. In adjusted analyses, we found lower odds of FCC for Latino (odds ratio: 0.53 [95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.63]), African-American (odds ratio: 0.60 [95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.69]), and other (odds ratio: 0.58 [95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.78]) children, compared with white children, and for children in households with a non-English primary language (odds ratio: 0.48 [95% confidence interval: 0.36–0.64]), compared with those in households with English as the primary language. These disparities persisted after adjustment for child health (condition severity and emotional, behavioral, and developmental needs), socioeconomic (poverty level, parental education, household composition, and residing in a metropolitan statistical area), and access (insurance type, usual source of care, and having a personal physician) factors. Of these factors, only condition severity was significantly associated with the racial/ethnic disparities; none was significantly associated with the language disparities. Disparities were found for Latino and African-American children and children in households with a non-English primary language for the FCC components of time spent with the provider and sensitivity to the family's values and customs.

CONCLUSIONS:
Robust FCC racial/ethnic and language disparities exist for CSHCN; initial efforts to address these disparities should focus on increasing provider time and cultural sensitivity.
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Gardasil Given Concomitantly With Menactra and Adacel
Authors: Reisinger Keith S. , Block Stan L. , Collins-Ogle Michelle , Marchant Colin , Catlett Melissa , Radley David , Sings Heather L. , Haupt Richard M. , Garner Elizabeth I.O. ,   for the Protocol 025 Investigators
Published: May 2010

OBJECTIVES:
Multinational phase III trials of a human papillomavirus vaccine, Gardasil, have shown the vaccine to be generally well-tolerated, efficacious, and immunogenic. We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of Gardasil administered concomitantly with Menactra and Adacel.

METHODS:
In this open-label study, boys (n = 394) and girls (n = 648) aged 10 to 17 were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio as follows: group A (concomitant administration) received a 0.5-mL dose of Gardasil at day 1, month 2, and month 6 and a 0.5-mL dose of Menactra and Adacel on day 1; group B (nonconcomitant administration) received Gardasil at day 1, month 2, and month 6 and Menactra and Adacel at month 1. Antibody levels for all vaccine components were measured. Systemic, injection-site, and serious adverse experiences (AEs) were monitored.

RESULTS:
Immune responses after concomitant administration of the 3 vaccines were noninferior to nonconcomitant administration. Seroconversion for Gardasil was ≥99% in both groups A and B. For Menactra and Adacel, concomitant administration of the vaccines was demonstrated to be noninferior to nonconcomitant administration. Concomitant administration was generally well-tolerated. No participants withdrew because of an AE. One serious AE of transient muscular weakness of &lt;24 hours' duration after the third Gardasil injection was reported in group B and was deemed possibly vaccine-related by the investigator.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, concomitant administration was generally well-tolerated and did not interfere with the immune response to the respective vaccines. Concomitant administration should minimize the number of visits required to deliver each vaccine individually, leading to increased compliance and more effective disease prevention.
Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Oplostomus haroldi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): Occurrence in Kenya, Distribution Within Honey Bee Colonies, and Responses to Host Odors
Authors: Torto Baldwyn , Fombong Ayuka T , Mutyambai Daniel M , Muli Eliud , Arbogast Richard T , Teal Peter E A 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is considered a minor parasitic pest of African honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), colonies, but little information is available on other coleopteran pests. We surveyed for A. tumida and other beetles in honey bee colonies at four major beekeeping locations: Watamu, Chawia-Taita, Matuu, and Nairobi in Kenya and compared their distribution within the colonies. The presence of A. tumida was confirmed in all the colonies surveyed, whereas Oplostomus haroldi Witte (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was found for the first time to be associated with honey bee colonies in varying numbers at all the sites, except that none were found in colonies in Nairobi. More than 90% of A. tumida and O. haroldi were found in Watamu and Chawia, located within the coastal province of Kenya. Although A. tumida was found mostly on the bottom board of the hives, consistent with previous reports, O. haroldi was found on the frames. Laboratory bioassays using a two-choice olfactometer showed that both beetle species were significantly attracted to worker honey bee volatiles and commercial pollen dough inoculated with the yeast Kodamaea ohmeri associated with A. tumida. Based on these findings, we report for the first time O. haroldi as a pest of African honey bee colonies in Kenya, We propose that differences in their densities recorded in the colonies may be due to dissimilarities in the colony environments in the areas surveyed and that odor-baited traps that have been successfully been used to manage populations of A. tumida also will be suitable for use against O. haroldi.