bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The oxidation of isobutene to p‐xylene over bismuth oxide‐based catalysts
Authors: Goldwasser Mireya R. , Trimm David L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStudies have been carried out of the optimisation of a bismuth oxide based catalyst for the oxidation of isobutene to p‐xylene. Using a Bi2O3‐P2O5 (Bi:P = 2) catalyst located sequentially before a 3% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst, up to 60% selectivity can be observed at 50% conversion. The kinetics of the oxidation of isobutene over the Bi2O3‐P2O5 catalyst have been measured for all major products. The results support a mechanism involving allylic oxidation of isobutene. Dimethylhexadiene and p‐xylene are suggested to originate from reaction between two adsorbed isobutene molecules and monatomic oxygen species adsorbed at different sites. A major side product, methacrolein, appears to originate from reaction between two adsorbed isobutene molecules and a diatomic oxygen species.
Rhodium‐catalysed reduction of vanadium pentoxide and tungsten trioxide by hydrogen
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Jagannatha , Viswanath Ram P. , Kutty Kuttanikkat V. Govindan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydrogen reduction of V2O5 and WO3 catalysed by rhodium, both in the pure form and supported on kieselguhr, has been studied. The products obtained at 300°C have been identified as VO2 and HxWO3. In situ electrical resistivity measurements on V2O5 pellets, both pure and admixed with the catalyst, show an anomalous resistance increase with temperature, perhaps arising from chemisorption and spillover of hydrogen from rhodium.
The relationship between the binding properties of a composite from aluminium dihydrogen phosphate and silica and the crystal habit of the aluminium dihydrogen phosphate
Authors: Morris John H. , Perkins Peter G. , Rose Alistair E. A. , Smith W. Ewen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo different crystal habits of the C‐form of aluminium dihydrogen phosphate were found in composites containing aluminium dihydrogen phosphate and silica. One habit was needle‐shaped and appeared to be the predominant form in the more strongly bound composites. The conditions favouring growth of this habit were investigated. Excess H2PO4‐ion favours its formation and viscous solutions produce larger and better‐formed crystals. A general mechanism for the binding action in this type of composite is postulated.
Reaction between hydrogen chloride and lead (II) salts
Authors: Ball Matthew C. , Casson Michael J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe reactions occurring between gaseous hydrogen chloride and lead (II) carbonate and lead (II) hydroxide carbonate (white lead) have been studied over a range of temperatures and partial pressures of hydrogen chloride. The only solid reaction product is lead (II) chloride which is formed in a single stage. Kinetic studies show that the diffusion of HCI is probably the rate‐controlling step and Arrhenius parameters for this process are given.
Identification of powdered Chinese herbal medicines by fluorescence microscopy, Part 1: Fluorescent characteristics of mechanical tissues, conducting tissues, and ergastic substances
Authors: Wang Ya‐Qiong , Liang Zhi‐Tao , Li Qin , Yang Hua , Chen Hu‐Biao , Zhao Zhong‐Zhen , Li Ping 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe light microscope has been successfully used in identification of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for more than a century. However, positive identification is not always possible. Given the popularity of fluorescence microscopy in bioanalysis, researchers dedicated to finding new ways to identify CHMs more effectively are now turning to fluorescence microscopy for authentication purposes. Some studies on distinguishing confused species from the same genus and on exploring distributions of chemicals in tissues of CHMs by fluorescence microscopy have been reported; however, no systematic investigations on fluorescent characteristics of powdered CHMs have been reported. Here, 46 samples of 16 CHMs were investigated. Specifically, the mechanical tissues including stone cells and fibers, the conducting tissues including three types of vessels, and ergastic substances including crystals of calcium oxalate and secretions, in various powdered CHMs were investigated by both light microscope and fluorescence microscope. The results showed many microscopic features emit fluorescence that makes them easily observed, even against complex backgrounds. Under the fluorescence microscope, different microscopic features from the same powdered CHM or some same features from different powdered CHMs emitted the different fluorescence, making this information very helpful for the authentication of CHMs in powder form. Moreover, secretions with unique chemical profiles from different powdered CHMs showed different fluorescent characteristics. Hence, fluorescence microscopy could be a useful additional method for the authentication of powdered CHMs if the fluorescent characteristics of specific CHMs are known. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐step synthesis of 2,4‐diaryl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline derivatives
Authors: Gezegen Hayreddin , Dingil Alparslan , Ceylan Mustafa 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
magnified imageAddition of cylohexanone to chalcones, obtained from the appropriate acetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives, under solvent‐free conditions gave 1,5‐diketones in good yields. Treatment of 1,5‐diketones with ammonium acetate in acetic acid afforded directly 2,4‐diaryl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline derivatives 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i, 7j, 7k, 7l, 7m, 7n, 7o, 7p, 7r, 7s, 7t, 7u in high yields. The structures of 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i, 7j, 7k, 7l, 7m, 7n, 7o, 7p, 7r, 7s, 7t, 7u were elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Nitrogen leaching losses under crops fertilized with biowaste compost compared with mineral fertilization
Authors: Erhart Eva , Feichtinger Franz , Hartl Wilfried 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of compost fertilization compared with mineral fertilization on N leaching to the groundwater was investigated in six plots of a long‐term field experiment and a lysimeter station on a Molli‐gleyic Fluvisol (WRB) near Vienna, Austria. The plots investigated included two treatments with compost fertilization (16 and 23 t ha–1 y–1, respectively, on average of 11 y), two treatments with mineral N fertilization (41 and 56 kg N ha–1 y–1, respectively), and two treatments with combined fertilization (9 t compost + 56 kg N ha–1 y–1 and 23 t compost + 22 kg N ha–1 y–1, respectively).Nitrogen leaching to the groundwater as determined using ceramic suction cups was not increased after 11 y of compost fertilization with higher amounts than used in practical farming (23 t ha–1 y–1, corresponding to an annual input of 205 kg Ntot ha–1) as compared to mineral fertilization under the conditions of the experiment. Even intensive N mineralization during a 4‐month period of bare fallow did not cause pronounced differences between the fertilization treatments. The results suggest that in the pannonic climate, compost fertilization does not pose a risk for groundwater eutrophication on the medium term.
The role of “effective microorganisms” in the composting of banana (Musa ssp.) residues
Authors: Formowitz Beate , Elango Fritz , Okumoto Shuichi , Müller Torsten , Buerkert Andreas 
Published: July 2010

Abstract“Effective microorganisms” (EM) are a poorly defined mixture of supposedly beneficial microorganisms that are claimed to enhance microbial turnover in compost and soil. In Costa Rica, EM are used to produce organic compost (bokashi) from banana residues (Musa ssp.). Given the scarcity of scientific data about the effects of EM on the mineralization of plant residues, this study aimed at investigating the effects of EM addition on the decomposition of banana residues during Bokashi production. To this end, the following non‐EM treatments were compared to EM Bokashi: Bokashi produced with water (W), with molasses (M) as an EM additive, and with sterilized EM (EMst). Subsequently, the effects of the resulting Bokashi treatments on the growth of young banana plants were evaluated. Compared with non‐EM controls, the effect of EM on the mineralization of banana material was negligible. Dry‐matter losses of the composts with different EM treatments were similar, with about 78% over 5 weeks. Ergosterol concentration was highest in EM Bokashi (77 µg (g dry soil)–1) and lowest in EMst Bokashi (29 µg (g dry soil)–1). Microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and microbial biomass nitrogen (Nmic) were both lowest in EM (Cmic = 3121 µg g–1; Nmic = 449 µg g–1), while Cmic was highest in Bokashi produced with molasses (3892 µg g–1) and Nmic was highest in EMst (615 µg g–1). Treatment effects on adenylate concentrations and adenylate energy charge were negligible. Application of all Bokashi variants to young banana plants significantly increased shoot growth under greenhouse conditions compared to plants grown in a control soil without amendments. However, these effects were similar for all Bokashi treatments, even if EM Bokashi increased the K concentrations in banana leaves significantly compared to Bokashi produced with EMst and the control. Bokashi produced with only molasses and EM Bokashi decreased the number of root nematodes under greenhouse conditions compared to the control. Overall, the results confirmed the expected influence of composting on the degradation of organic material and the effect of compost application on plant growth. Hower, under the conditions of this study, EM showed no special effects in this, except for increasing the K concentrations in the leaves of young banana plants.
The liming effect of five organic manures when incubated with an acid soil
Authors: Naramabuye François X. , Haynes Richard J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA laboratory incubation experiment of 6 months duration was carried out to investigate the liming effects of five organic manures (poultry, pig, and cattle manure, soybean residues, and sewage sludge) when added to an acid soil at a rate of 10 mg g–1. Soils were sampled after 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25 weeks of incubation. For the animal manures and sewage sludge, soil pH was highest after 1 week incubation and it declined thereafter. However, for soybean residues, pH increased over the first 7 weeks of incubation after which it declined. The decreases in pH were accompanied by accumulation of NO$ _3^- $‐N in the soil. The addition of organic residues to the soil resulted in decreases in the concentrations of exchangeable Al and in both total (Alt) and monomeric (Almono) Al present in the soil solution. The effect was most marked for poultry manure, least marked for cattle manure, and more evident after 7 than 25 weeks incubation. Concentrations of soluble C in the soil solution were elevated in manure‐amended soils. Manure additions resulted in a decrease in the percentage of Alt present in solution as Almono, and this was attributed to complexation of Al by soluble organic matter originating from the manures. It was concluded that organic wastes can act as liming materials when added to acid soils and that the resulting increase in pH and decrease in Almono concentrations might provide a window of opportunity for establishment and early growth of crop plants.
Nitrogen mineralization from mature bio‐waste compost in vineyard soils. III Simulation of soil mineral‐nitrogen dynamics
Authors: Nendel Claas , Kersebaum Kurt‐Christian , Nieder Rolf , Kubiak Roland 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA model for nitrogen (N) dynamics in compost‐amended vineyard soils was tested for its predictive power. A soil–mineral N data set from a 3‐year field study on four different vineyard sites was used for model evaluation. The soils were treated with mature bio‐waste compost (30 and 50 Mg ha–1 fresh matter, respectively). The model calculated soil mineral‐N contents at all sites with an overall mean bias error of –2.2 kg N ha–1 for layers of 0.1 m thickness and an overall mean absolute error of 7.4 kg N ha–1 layer–1. Modeling efficiencies for the simulations of the respective treatments ranged from –0.05 to 0.41, and Willmott's Index of Agreement showed values of between 0.41 and 0.81. Acceptable model predictions as defined by the observed variability of mineral‐N contents in the respective soils ranged from 40% to 72%. A strong increase in soil mineral‐N concentration following the compost application at all sites could not be reproduced with the model, thereby reducing the prediction accuracy significantly. The model performance confirms that previously derived N‐mineralization parameters are suitable to describe the N release from soil‐applied mature bio‐waste compost under the environmental conditions of vineyards in Germany.
On the Sharpness of Estimates in Terms of Averages
Authors: Dickmeis W. , Nessel R. J. , Van Wickeren E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractContinuing our previous investigations on quantitative uniform boundedness and condensation principles, this note is concerned with the sharpness of error bounds in those cases where, for a given process, the bounds are given in terms of averages (integral means) of a second process. A typical example is supplied by the familiar Marchaud inequality for moduli of continuity of different orders.
A Nonlinear Dirichlet Problem on the Unit Ball
Authors: Rother Wolfgang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the present paper, we consider the nonlinear Dirichlet problem ‐ Δu(x) uβ(x) = 0
equation image
is the unit ball and q is a continuous radially symmetric function on B which may be singular on ∂B. We state some mild conditions for the function q so that the Dirichlet problem has a positive classical solution.
The Bornologically Surjective Hull of an Operator Ideal on Locally Convex Spaces
Authors: Wong Ngai‐Ching , Wong Yau‐Chuen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe provided an answer to an open problem of A. Pietsch by giving a direct construction of the bornologically surjective hull 𝔲bsur of an operator ideal 𝔲 on LCS's. Discussion of some extension problems of operator ideals were given.
The Hankel Convolution and the Zemanian Spaces βμ and β'μ
Authors: Betancor J. J. , Marrero I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper we give structure theorems for the elements of the Zemanian spaces β'μ and β'μ,a' Also, bounded sets and convergent sequences in β'μ,a' are characterized through representations as derivatives of measurable functions. Finally, we analyze the Hankel convolution on the above spaces.
On Operators Acting on Convergent Sequences in Banach Spaces
Authors: Peter Cass K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOur concern is to find a representation theorem for operators in B(c(X), c(Y)) where X and Y are Banach spaces with Y containing an isomorphic copy of c0. Cass and Gao [1] obtained a representation theorem that always applies if Y does not contain an isomorphic copy of c0. Maddox [3], Melvin ‐ Melvin [4], and Robinson [5] consider operators in B(c(X), c(Y)) that are given by matrices. In this paper we show that Cass's and Gao's result in [1] can be extended, when Y contains an isomorphic copy of c0, to certain operators that we call represent able. In addition, we show that when Y contains an isomorphic copy of co there are always operators that fall outside the scope of our representation theorem. Light is also cast on a theorem given in Maddox [3, Theorem 4.2] and [5, Theorem IV].
Approximation of Unbounded Functions by Linear Positive Operators
Authors: Kasana H. S. , Sollervall H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA unified class of linear positive operators has been defined. Using these operators some approximation estimates have been obtained for unbounded functions. For particular linear positive operators these results sharpen and improve the earlier estimates due to Fuhua Cheng (J. Approx. Theory, 1984) and Xiehua Sun (J. Approx. Theory, 1988).
Chaotic Motion Generated by Delayed Negative Feedback Part II: Construction of Nonlinearities
Authors: Lani‐Wayda Bernhard , Walther Hans‐Otto 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe construct a smooth function g* : IR ℝ IR withsuch that the equationhas a slowly oscillating periodic solutiony, and a slowly oscillating solutionz* whose phase curve is homoclinic with respect to the orbitoofyin the spaceC=C0([1,0],IR). For an associated Poincaré map we obtain a transversal homoclinic loop. The proof of transversality employs a criterion which uses oscillation properties of solutions of variational equations. The main result is that the trajectories (ψn)∞‐∞of the Poincaré map in a neighbourhood of the homoclinic loop form a hyperbolic set on which the motion is chaotic.
Toeplitz Operators on the Fock Space with Presymbols Discontinuous on a Thick Set
Authors: Ram Írez De Arellano E. , Vasilevski N. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractToeplitz operators with discontinuous presymbols on the Fock space are studied. These presymbols can have two limit values at the points of some subset in ℂn, generally speaking of nonzero measure. Nevertheless the Toeplitz operator algebra still admits a commutative symbolic calculus.
The Kμ‐Transformation on McBride's Spaces of Generalized Functions
Authors: Betancor Jorge J. , Rodríguez‐Mesa Lourdes 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper we define the Kμ‐ transformation on certain spaces of generalized functions introduced by A.C. McBride by employing the kernel method. we also establish relations between the generalized Kμ‐ transformation and certain fractional integral operators.
Über Fixpunktsätze in geordneten Mengen
Authors: Lagler Manfred , Volkmann Peter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEa sei Ω eine (teilweise) geordnete Menge und Π : Ω1 → Ω2 mit Ω1,Ω2, ⊂ Ω. Es wird cine hinreichende und notwendige Bedingung dafür gegeben, daß Π mindestens einen Fixpunkt besitzt (Satz 1); als Folgerung ergibt sich ein Fixpunktsatz für wachsende Funktionen Π (Satz 2). Diese Resultate Bind Verallgemeinerungen der Fixpunktsätze von H. Kneser (1950) bzw. R. Lemmert (1989).
On Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces of Polynomials
Authors: Li Xian‐Jin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCertain Hilbert spaces of polynomials, called Szegö spaces [11], are studied. A transformation, called Hilbert traneformation, is constructed for every polynomial associatted with a Szegö space. An orthogonal set is found in a Szegö space which determines the norm of the space. A matrix factorization theory is obtained for defining polynomials. Measures associated with a Szegö space are parametrized by functions which ue analytic and bounded by one in the unit disk. A fundmental factorization theorem relates Szegö spaces to weighted Hardy spaces.
Decomposition of Completely Positive Maps
Authors: Paul Michael 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe paper is concerned with completely positive maps on the algebra of unbounded operatore L+(D) and on its completion L(D, D+). A decomposition theorem for continuous positive functionals is proved in [Tim. Loef.), and [Scholz 91] contains a generalization to maps into operator algebra on finite dimensional Hilbert spaces H0. The aim of the present paper is to construct an analogous decomposition without the assumption that H0 is finite dimensional. Moreover, the Kraus ‐ theorem [Kraus] is proved for normal completely positive mappings on L(D, D+). The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 contains the necessary definitions and notations. In Section 2 we prove the decomposition theorem. Section 3 deal with the structure of the normal completely positive mappings.
On Principally Polarized Adler‐van Moerbeke Surfaces
Authors: Szemberg Tomasz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the present paper we study Kummer surfaces in IP6 arising as projections of a certain family of principally polarized abelian surfaces in IP6. This family was introduced by Adler and van Moerbeke in connection with some Hamiltonian dynamical systems. In this paper we give explicit equations of the associated Kummer surfaces. This enables us to deacribe their moduli space and to give the full list of degenerations.
Reversed Hölder Type Inequalities for Monotone Functions of Several Variables
Authors: Barza Sorina , Pečarlć Josip , Person Lars‐Erik 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSome reversed Hölder type inequalities yielding for monotone or quasimonotone functions of one variable have recently been obtained and applied (see e.g. [1], [2], [3], [5], [9], [12], [14], [17]). In this paper some inequalities of this type are proved for the more general case with n functions of m variables (m, n ∈ ℤ+ ). Some of these results seem to be new also for the case n = 1 or m = 1.
On the Positive Definiteness of Certain Functions
Authors: Maack Toreien , Sasvári Zoltán 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFor a coinmutative senugoup (S, +, *) with involution and a function f : S → [0, ∞), the set S(f) of those p ≥ 0 such that fP is a positive definite function on S is a closed subsemigroup of [0, ∞) containing 0. For S = (IR, +, x* = ‐x) it may happen that S(f) = { kd : k ∈ N0 } for some d > 0, and it may happen that S(f) = {0} ⊂ [d, ∞) for some d > O. If α > 2 and if S = (ℤ, +, n* = ‐n) and f(n) = e−[n]α or S = (IN0, +, n* = n) and f(n) = enα, then S(f) ∪ (0, c) = ϕ and [d, ∞) ⊂ S(f) for some d ≥; c > 0. Although (with c maximal and d minimal) we have not been able to show c = d in all cases, this equality does hold if S = ℤ and α ≥ 3.4. In the last section we give sinipler proofs of previously known results concerning the positive definiteness of x → e−||x||α on normed spaces.
Gantmacher Type Theorems for Holomorphic Mappings
Authors: González Manuel , Gutiérrez Joaquín M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGiven a holomorphic mapping of bounded type g ∈ Hb(U, F), where U ⊆ E is a balanced open subset, and E, F are complex Banach spaces, let A : Hb(F) ∈ Hb(U) be the homomorphism defined by A(f) = fog for all f ∈ Hb(F). We prove that: (a) for F having the Dunford‐Pettis property, A is weakly compact if and only if g is weakly compact; (b) A is completely continuous if and only if g(W) is a Dunford‐Pettis set for every U‐bounded subset W ⊂ U. To obtain these results, we prove that the class of Dunford ‐ Pettis sets is stable under projecti ve tensor products. Moreover, we diaracterize the reflexivity of the space Hb(U,F) and prove that E' and F have the Schur property if and only if Hb(U, F) has the Schur property. As an application, we obtain some results on linearization of holomorphic mappings.
Linear Differential Equations with Variable Coefficients in Regular and Some Singular Cases
Authors: Lantsman M. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper the asymptotic properties as t → + ∞ for a single linear differential equation of the form x(n) + a1 (t)x(n−1)+…. + an(t)x = 0, where the coefficients aj (z) are supposed to be of the power order of growth, are considered. The results obtained in the previous publications of the author were related to the so called regular case when a complete set of roots {λ,(t)}, j = 1, 2, …, n of the characteristic polynomial yn + a1 (t)yn−1 + … + an(t) possesses the property of asymptotic separability. One of the main restrictions of the regular case consists of the demand that the roots of the set {λ,(t)} have not to be equivalent in pairs for t → + ∞. In this paper we consider the some more general case when the set of characteristic roots possesses the property of asymptotic independence which includes the case when the roots may be equivdent in pairs. But some restrictions on the asymptotic behaviour of their differences λi(t)→ λj(t) are preserved. This case demands more complicated technique of investigation. For this purpose the so called asymptotic spaces were introduced. The theory of asymptotic spaces is used for formal solution of an operator equation of the form x = A(x) and has the analogous meaning as the classical theory of solving this equation in Band spaces. For the considered differential equation, the main asymptotic terms of a fundamental system of solution is given in a simple explicit form and the asymptotic fundamental system is represented in the form of asymptotic Emits for several iterate sequences.