bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient differentiation of newly derived human embryonic stem cells from discarded blastocysts into hepatocyte‐like cells
Authors: LU Hong , WANG Zheng , ZHENG Qing , LI Jin Hui , CHONG Xiao Qian , XIAO Shu Dong 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:  To establish an optimal method to isolate and culture human embryonic stem (hES) cells from discarded blastocysts and to differentiate these cells into hepatocyte‐like cells.METHODS:  Discarded human blastocysts of days 5–6 were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast cell feeder layers. Cells from the inner cell mass were isolated and subsequently cultured in vitro. To induce the formation of embryoid bodies (EB), dissociated ES cells were cultured in hanging drops for 5 days. The resulting EB were plated onto 100 mm plastic gelatin‐coated dishes and allowed to attach for the outgrowth culture in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor for an additional 15 days.RESULTS:  The hES cells had typical morphological characteristics: round or elliptic nest‐like colonies with distinct cell borders and a smooth surface, significant swelling growth, compact cell aggregation, and relatively big nucleus compared to a small cytoplasm. The hES cells were identified by positive alkaline phosphatase staining. All had normal karyotypes and expressed octamer‐binding transcription factor and cell surface markers, including stage‐specific embryonic antigens SSEA‐3, SSEA‐4, and tumor rejection antigens TRA‐1‐60 and TRA‐1‐81. The cells could be differentiated to form teratomas in vivo. The hES cells could be induced to differentiate into hepatocyte‐like cells and 70–80% of the cells expressed liver‐associated proteins.CONCLUSION:  Three hES cell lines have been successfully isolated and cultured from discarded human blastocysts. The hES cells can be efficiently differentiated into hepatocyte‐like cells using the EB system. These cells possess the potential for treatment of liver diseases.
Collection, storage and use of blood samples for future research: views of Egyptian patients expressed in a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Abou-Zeid Alaa , Silverman Henry , Shehata Magdi , Shams Mohamed , Elshabrawy Mervat , Hifnawy Tamer , Rahman Safa Abdel , Galal Bahiga , Sleem Hany , Mikhail Nabiel , Moharram Nadia 
Published: July 2010

ObjectiveTo determine the attitudes of Egyptian patients regarding their participation in research and with the collection, storage and future use of blood samples for research purposes.DesignCross-sectional survey.Study populationAdult Egyptian patients (n=600) at rural and urban hospitals and clinics.ResultsLess than half of the study population (44.3%) felt that informed consent forms should provide research participants the option to have their blood samples stored for future research. Of these participants, 39.9% thought that consent forms should include the option that future research be restricted to the illness being studied. A slight majority (66.2%) would donate their samples for future genetic research. Respondents were more favourable towards having their blood samples exported to other Arab countries (62.0%) compared with countries in Europe (41.8%, p<0.001) and to the USA (37.2%, p<0.001).ConclusionsThis study shows that many individuals do not favour the donation of a blood sample for future research. Of those who do approve of such future research, many favour a consent model that includes an option restricting the future research to the illness being studied. Also, many Egyptians were hesitant to have their blood samples donated for genetic research or exported out of the Arab region to the USA and European countries. Further qualitative research should be performed to determine the underlying reasons for many of our results.
Development of a Novel Tumor-Targeted Vascular Disrupting Agent Activated by Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinases
Authors: Atkinson Jennifer M. , Falconer Robert A. , Edwards Dylan R. , Pennington Caroline J. , Siller Catherine S. , Shnyder Steven D. , Bibby Michael C. , Patterson Laurence H. , Loadman Paul M. , Gill Jason H. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents (VDA) offer a strategy to starve solid tumors of nutrients and oxygen concomitant with tumor shrinkage. Several VDAs have progressed into early clinical trials, but their therapeutic value seems to be compromised by systemic toxicity. In this report, we describe the design and characterization of a novel VDA, ICT2588, that is nontoxic until activated specifically in the tumor by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). HT1080 cancer cells expressing MT1-MMP were selectively chemosensitive to ICT2588, whereas MCF7 cells that did not express MT1-MMP were nonresponsive. Preferential hydrolysis of ICT2588 to its active metabolite (ICT2552) was observed in tumor homogenates of HT1080 relative to MCF7 homogenates, mouse plasma, and liver homogenate. ICT2588 activation was inhibited by the MMP inhibitor ilomastat. In HT1080 tumor–bearing mice, ICT2588 administration resulted in the formation of the active metabolite, diminution of tumor vasculature, and hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor. The antitumor activity of ICT2588 was superior to its active metabolite, exhibiting reduced toxicity, improved therapeutic index, enhanced pharmacodynamic effect, and greater efficacy. Coadministration of ICT2588 with doxorubicin resulted in a significant antitumor response (22.6 d growth delay), which was superior to the administration of ICT2588 or doxorubicin as a single agent, including complete tumor regressions. Our findings support the clinical development of ICT2588, which achieves selective VDA targeting based on MT-MMP activation in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 70(17); 6902–12. ©2010 AACR.
Moisture Deficits in Relation to the Growth and Development of Dry Beans1
Authors: Robins J. S. , Domingo C. E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYield reductions of about 20% under visible moisture stress were measured in Washington state. Causes were as follows: reduction in number of pods before blooming; reduction in number of pods and number of beans per pod during blooming; and reduction in bean weight during maturing process. Plant development was retarded by stress before blooming and hastened during blooming and maturing. Irrigation before visible moisture stress appeared to offer no advantage.
Range of Reactions to Wheat Streak‐mosaic Virus in Hybrids Derived from Triticum vulgare × Agropyron elongatum1
Authors: Schmidt John W. , Sill Webster H. , Fellows Hurley 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAgropyron elongatum is immune to the virus of wheat streak‐mosaic; common wheat is susceptible. Hybrids between these exhibited a diversity of reaction types not found in any other known host.
Mechanical Harvest of Corn at Different Plant Populations1
Authors: Woods David J. , Rossman E. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTotal picker losses (gleaned ear corn and shelled corn) averaged 6.0, 6.9, 10.3, and 13.4% of the total yield for average populations of 10,300, 14,900, 18,900, and 22,900 plants per acre, respectively at 6 locations in Michigan. Within the recommended plant populations for Michigan (up to 16,000 plants per acre) there were no significant increases in either ear or shelled corn losses as population was increased. Stalk lodging increased and ear size decreased as the population increased but neither was a serious handicap to mechanical harvest. The percent of husk‐free ears after picking was not affected by plant population.
A Preliminary Study of the Effect of Low Concentrations of Phenoxytype Growth Regulators on Early Physiological Shedding in Deltapine D10, TPSA, Cotton: I. Seed Treatment with Dusts1
Authors: Johnson S. P. , Cowley W. R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe growth regulators, 2, 4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, parachlorophenoxy, and 2‐(2, 4, 5‐trichlorophenoxy) propionic acid were applied as low concentration dusts to the seeds of Deltapine D10, TPSA, cotton. Results indicate that early physiological shedding was reduced. No loss in yield or changes in lint and seed properties was found. Parachlorophenoxyacetic acid proved to be the most effective of the three compounds.
Irregularities in Fiber Properties of Cotton in Commercial Mill Mixes1
Authors: Landstreet C. B. , Simpson D. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisUnmixed raw stock from which 3 commercial mixes were obtained showed the following range in variability of mean fiber properties: 9 to 20% in UHM, 16 to 35% in fineness, and 19 to 24% in fiber strength. Samples from finisher drawing sliver had maximum range of only 5, 5, and 6% for UHM, fineness, and strength. More concern for mean fiber values and less for fiber irregularities is suggested in cotton breeding.
Inheritance of Three Genes for Bacterial Blight Resistance in Upland Cotton1
Authors: Green John M. , Brinkerhoff L. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisData indicate that the resistance of Stoneville 20 is controlled by a major recessive gene, but that segregation is obscured by other genes of lesser individual effect. The gene symbol b7, is suggested for Stoneville 20 resistance. Data indicate a single dominant gene controlling resistance in 3 other blight resistant lines. Gene symbols are suggested for these.
Need of Boron Fertilization for Alfalfa in Michigan and Methods of Determining This Need1
Authors: Baker A. S. , Cook R. L. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMany Michigan soils are relatively low in B available to alfalfa during periods when surface soils are low in moisture content. The occurrence of deficiency symptoms indicates a low level of available B and a need for B fertilization. Test results of less than 20 ppm. B in the top 1 or 2 inches of alfalfa or less than 0.9 to 1.0 ppm. soil B extractable in boiling water also indicate a need for B fertilization.
Effect of Environmental Factors on Fiber Properties and Yield of Deltapine Cottons1
Authors: Hanson R. G. , Ewing E. C. , Ewing E. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFiber strength of Deltapine 15 was significantly correlated with all climatic factors studied except minimum temperature for the period July 6 to Sept. 13 of the years 1945 to 1955. Fiber length was correlated significantly with maximum minus minimum temperature and rainfall for the period July 6 to August 23. Lint percentage was not highly correlated with any of the factors. The average yield of the cottons tested was negatively associated with rainfall in June. A stress‐index based on the difference between maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall is advanced.
An Analysis of Variation in Height in Sorghum1
Authors: Hadley Henry H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA statistical analysis of variation in plant height was made of material from the sorghum cross Double Dwarf White Sooner Milo ✕ Durra P. I. 54484. The data indicated segregation of at least four independent genes with unequal effects. Significant fixable as well as environmental variation was found. Dominance was indicated but was not complete. Results and conclusions in this study derived by the method described by Mather were in close agreement with those of Quinby and Karper who used essentially Mendelian procedures.
Cytological Study of a Triploid × Diploid Cross of Sorghum Vulgare Pers1
Authors: Price Mary Emma , Ross W. M. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisChromosome pairing and meiotic configurations of a triploid plant of Sorghum vulgare and of its progeny are described. The isolation of trisomics makes future mapping of the chromosomes possible.
Association Between Nitrogen Percentage and Certain Morphological Characteristics in Barley1
Authors: Day A. D. , Dickson A. D. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisA study was conducted to determine if linkage associations exist in barley between nitrogen percentage and certain visible morphological characteristics of known inheritance. It was found that nitrogen percentage was associated with the 2‐row vs. Grow character. No associations were found between nitrogen percentage and the black vs. white glume character. the covered vs. naked kernel character, the blue vs. white aleurone character, or the rough vs. smooth awn character.
Nitrogen Changes in Cultivated Dryland Soils1
Authors: Hobbs J. A. , Brown Paul L. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisNitrogen losses from cultivated soils were most rapid immediately after breaking the native sod. Losses gradually decreased with continued cultivation in experiments from 1916 to 1946. Row crop production caused the largest losses of nitrogen. Small grain production caused the smallest losses. Under small grains, nitrogen losses had ceased by 1938. Elsewhere losses continued through 1946. Straw and manure applications reduced nitrogen losses. Earlier and more intensive tillage caused greater losses of soil nitrogen than later and less intensive cultivation.
Wheat and Cheat1
Authors: Carter H. W. , Norton H. W. , Dungan G. H. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisCheat is a troublesome weed in many fields of winter cereals in south central United States. Cheat plants, especially their roots, were found to grow slowly at first. This weed proved to be weakly competitive when grown in association with wheat in a thick stand. However, when wheat stands were thin, cheat plants tillered abundantly and produced large quantities of seed. Cheat, therefore, appears to be a plant opportunist. Even though a weak competitor, cheat was never killed outright by a thick stand of wheat, nor was it ever prevented by crop competition from developing some seed.
Variability in Phosphorus Rate and Source Experiments in Relation to Crop and Yield Levels1
Authors: Terman G. L. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisIn 433 phosphorus rate and source experiments in 7 Southeastern states, the distributions of C.V. for corn, cotton, legume‐grass hay and small grain were similar. C.V. was negatively correlated with yield levels for all crops. Standard errors per plot were positively correlated with yield for corn and alfalfa but not significantly for cotton and wheat. There were no consistent interactions between phosphorus sources and rates.
Relative Availability to Corn of Nutrient Elements as Affected by Minor Element Sources Applied to Everglades Peat and Norfolk Loamy Fine Sand1
Authors: Fiskell John G. A. , Thompson L. G. , Winsor H. , Yuan T. L. 
Published: July 2010

SypnosisThe relative availability of Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo and B to corn was compared between two soils by ratios of the corn ear leaf composition and by ratios found for the extractable soil nutrients. The effect of added minor element sources on the ear leaf composition was studied in the field. Nutrient changes were statistically evaluated. Significant B — Ca, B — Mg, B — Mo and Zn — Mn relationships were found with the intensity dependent on the source. Minor element nutrients in the leaves were increased by adding soluble and moderately soluble sources when the available supply in the soil was low.
Moisture Equilibrium Values in Relation to Mold Formation of Seeds of Several Grass and Small‐Seeded Legumes1
Authors: Dexter S. T. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMoisture contents of many small‐seeded legumes and grasses at equilibrium with relative humidities from 55 to 85% are given, together with indications of the rate of attaining equilibrium and the rate of molding. Grass seeds reached equilibrium more quickly, molded more quickly, and absorbed a smaller amount of moisture in going from a efficiently dry to dangerously damp condition than did small legume seeds. Rapidity of molding was closely associated with rapidity of attaining equilibrium.
Grazing Trial Evaluations Using Paired Pastures with Yearling Steers1
Authors: Lynd J. Q. , Graybill F. , Totusek R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe combined pooled variation between paired steers for all pastures during three years was 17.86 with C. V. of 12.3%. Effectiveness of the procedure is dependent upon: (1) a uniform experimental herd (2) a preliminary observation period, and (3) continuous sound stocking rate decisions throughout the grazing season.
Studies of Drouth Tolerance and Water Use of Several Southern Grasses1
Authors: Burton Glenn W. , Prine Gordon M. , Jackson James E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCoastal and Suwannee Bermudagrasses were more drouth tolerant, more efficient in water use, and more dependable from year to year as evidenced by much lower wet‐year/dry‐year yield ratios than common Bermudagrass, Pensacola Bahiagrass, and Pangolagrass. Fertilization increased the water‐use efficiency of these five grasses. Three grasses required fewer roots to supply their nutrient needs than their water requirements. A greenhouse drouth‐tolerance test applied to six grasses was well correlated with field results.
Effect of Yellow‐Dwarf on the Yield of Oats1
Authors: Endo R. M. , Brown C. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYield reduction caused by the barley yellow‐dwarf virus in three spring oat varieties and the possible role of time of infection was considered by inoculating plants at the 3‐leaf and boot stages of growth. Average infection in the non‐inoculated controls and in plants inoculated in the seedling and boot stages was 1.1, 93.8 and 15.6%, respectively. Yield reductions for the three varieties inoculated in the 3‐leaf and boot stages, respectively, were: Fayette, 92.5 and 10.1%; Clintland, 94.4 and 21.8%; and Rodney, 75.8 and 15.0%.
Breeding High Amylose Corn1
Authors: Zuber M. S. , Grogan C. O. , Deatherage W. L. , Hubbard J. E. , Schulze W. E. , MacMasters M. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisA new strain of high amylose was found to be nonallelic with the previously repotted ha strain. The F3 segregates of a cross between the two strains gave amylose contents ranging from 25.4 to 70.3%. Modifying factors for amylose content apparently exist in some normal dent corn lines.
Soybean‐Foxtail Competition under Varying Soil Moisture Conditions1
Authors: Staniforth David W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSoybean yield reductions due to annual weed infestations averaged 5% when soil moisture conditions during growing seasons were either adequate for or severely limiting to plant growth. Reductions were also small when moisture was limiting in early season and adequate later. When soil moisture was adequate until late July and then severely limiting until bean maturity, yield reductions from weed competition averaged 15%.
Yield and Chemical Composition of Grasses Fertilized Heavily with Nitrogen1
Authors: Ramage Carroll H. , Eby Claude , Mather Robert E. , Purvis Ernest R. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAnnual dry matter yields of orchardgrass and reed canarygrass over a 3‐year period ranged, from 2 tons per acre with 50 pounds of nitrogen to 4.5 tons per acre with 400 pounds of nitrogen. The protein percentage of the dry matter increased from 12 to 20. Recovery of the nitrogen applied in 1954 was 59.7, 73.5, 62.0, and 58.7% for rates of 50, 100, 200, and 400 pounds of nitrogen per acre, respectively.
Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Flower Production and Reproductive Efficiency in Soybeans1
Authors: van Schaik P. H. , Probst A. H. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisPercent flowers and pods shedding was increased both by high temperatures and long photoperiod in Clark and Midwest soybean varieties when grown under controlled temperatures and photoperiods. Shedding was not caused by a lack of viable pollen. Under field conditions varieties Mukden, T109, Acc. 2300–2, and Midwest shed 43, 73, 62, and 81% of flowers and pods combined, respectively. From one‐third to one‐half of total shedding was in the form of pods during various stages of development. Rising temperatures appeared to increase shedding.
Rapid Tests for Free and Bound Coumarin in Sweetclover1
Authors: Gorz H. J. , Haskins F. A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisTwo qualitative fluorometric methods are described. The tube test, in which scoring is based upon visual comparison of the fluorescence of test solutions with the fluorescence of standards, was more reliable than the paper test. The paper test should be used primarily for rapid, initial screening of large populations.
Evaluation of Residual Nitrogen in Soils1
Authors: White W. C. , Dumenil Lloyd , Pesek John 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisEffects of residual soil nitrogen on spring oats were estimated to be equivalent to quantities as large as 49% of the applications made to corn the preceding year. Nitrogen yield by oats served more satisfactorily than grain or dry matter yields for evaluating effects of residual nitrogen. Residual nitrogen estimated from linear regressions of nitrogen yield on nitrogen applied to oats appeared closely related to quantities of soil nitrate nitrogen, most of which was in the 6‐ to 21‐inch soil layer.
Irrigation of an Alfalfa‐Ladino Clover‐Bromegrass Dairy Pasture in Michigan1
Authors: Tesar Milo B. , Kidder E. H. , Ward G. M. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisAlfalfa‐Ladino clover‐bromegrass dairy pastures irrigated with 3 ⅓ inches of water annually during a 3‐year period under a humid climate produced 17% more forage and 18% more milk (because of increased carrying capacity) than those not irrigated. An inch of applied water increased forage production by 0.20 ton.Irrigation was not profitable, based on a replacement value of $25.00 per ton of dry forage produced and a cost of $5.11 per acre‐inch of water applied.
Factors Influencing the Fluorescence of Oat Hulls under Ultraviolet Light1
Authors: Leininger L. N. , Frey K. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisMutation, environmental influence, and outcrossing were factors inducing variation in fluorescence characteristics of normal oat seed. Somatic mutations in several oat plants caused some tillers to produce fluorescent and others nonfluorescent seeds. Intermediate fluorescence probably does not exist genetically but was caused by an environmental influence. It appears that seed fluorescence should not be used as the sole criterion in determining varietal mixture in oat.
Preliminary Studies on the Application of Gibberellic Acid to Cotton Seed and Seedlings1
Authors: Bradford W. W. , Ewing E. C. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisSignificant reduction in stand and, increase in seedling height occurred when seed were treated with gibberellic acid and planted in July. Soaking seed caused an increase in length and width of cotyledons. No differences in seedling emergence were found when seed were treated with dust formulations and planted in April. Spraying seedlings immediately after emergence significantly increased seedling height, size of cotyledons, and length of first internode, and significantly decreased size of second leaf.
The Influence of Several Managerial Treatments Upon the Gross Morphology of Timothy1
Authors: Peters E. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisFertilizing with nitrogen in addition to potassium and phosphorus generally increased the number of secondary corms and tertiary shoots of timothy plants, while the average weight of corms decreased. The number of secondary corms increased as the number of cuttings increased. Dead corms were numerous on plants that were cut frequently and also on plants cut to 1 inch or fertilized with high amounts of nitrogen.
Effect of Manure, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Climatic Factors on the Production and Quality of Bromegrass‐Crested Wheatgrass Hay1
Authors: Thomas James R. , Osenbrug A. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisYields were significantly increased by nitrogen and manure. Residual effects from applications of nitrogen and manure were apparent for three cropping seasons.Low yields were associated with high seasonal temperatures. Coefficients of determination indicated that estimates of future forage production should be based on daily range of temperature data.
Comparative Value of Legume and Fertilizer Nitrogen for Corn Production1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Shrader W. D. , Johnson I. J. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisThe mean corn‐producing value of nitrogen from 19 legume green manures as determined by first‐ and secondyear corn data, was equivalent to that of 34 and 64 pounds per acre of inorganic nitrogen, respectively. In four corn response tests, nitrogen contained in legumes was from 16 to 92% as effective as inorganic nitrogen for increasing corn yields.