bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant hepatic failure secondary to Wilson's disease
Authors: Morgan Shanna M. , Zantek Nicole D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal‐recessive disorder of impaired copper metabolism resulting in accumulation of copper primarily in the liver but ultimately in many organs and tissues. A small number of patients with WD initially present with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), hypercupremia, and intravascular hemolysis. The therapeutic goals for these patients include quickly removing the copper and preparing the patient for liver transplantation. Here, we report on a 6‐year‐old male with WD in FHF with anemia, renal insufficiency, and coagulopathy. The patient received a series of therapeutic plasma exchanges (TPE) as adjunctive therapy to remove copper and stabilize his coagulopathy and anemia until a transplant was possible. A total of five single plasma volume (1500 mL) TPE were performed over the course of 11 days with plasma as the replacement fluid. Laboratory results demonstrated temporary improvement after each procedure. Liver transplantation was performed 12 days after beginning TPE and 35 days after admission to the hospital. TPE was a successful adjunctive therapy to bridge this patient with WD to transplantation. J. Clin. Apheresis 27:282–286, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of colchicine on pyrin and pyrin interacting proteins
Authors: Taskiran Ekim Z. , Cetinkaya Arda , Balci‐Peynircioglu Banu , Akkaya Yeliz Z. , Yilmaz Engin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMEFV which encodes pyrin, cause familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), the most common auto‐inflammatory disease. Pyrin is believed to be a regulator of inflammation, though the nature of this regulatory activity remains to be identified. Prophylactic treatment with colchicine, a microtubule toxin, has had a remarkable effect on disease progression and outcome. It has been thought that, inhibition of microtubule polymerization is the main mechanism of action of colchicine. But, the exact cellular mechanism explaining the efficacy of colchicine in suppressing FMF attacks is still unclear. Given the ability of colchicine treatment to be considered as a differential diagnosis criteria of FMF, we hypothesized that colchicine may have a specific effect on pyrin and pyrin interacting proteins. This study showed that colchicine prevents reticulated fibrils formed by PSTPIP1 filaments and reduces ASC speck rates in transfected cells. We further noted that, colchicine down‐regulates MEFV expression in THP‐1 cells. We also observed that colchicine causes re‐organization of actin cytoskeleton in THP‐1 cells. Pyrin is an actin‐binding protein that specifically localizes with polymerizing actin filaments. Thus, MEFV expression might be affected by re‐organization of actin cytoskeleton. The data presented here reveal an important connection between colchicine and pyrin which might explain the remarkable efficacy of colchicine in preventing FMF attacks. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3536–3546, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective production of green light olefins by catalytic conversion of bio‐oil with Mg/HZSM‐5 catalyst
Authors: Hong Chenggui , Gong Feiyan , Fan Minghui , Zhai Qi , Huang Weiwei , Wang Tiejun , Li Quanxin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Light olefins are the basic feedstocks for the petrochemical industry. So far, the olefins yield from bio‐oil is noticeably lower than that from methanol, ethanol and naphtha, and thereby needs to be improved by optimizing catalysts and cracking conditions. The main purpose of this work is to selectively produce light olefins through the catalytic cracking of bio‐oil using the magnesium modified HZSM‐5 catalyst.RESULTSCatalytic conversion of bio‐oil and its model compounds into light olefins was performed using the Mg/HZSM‐5 catalyst. The highest olefins yield from bio‐oil was 0.25 kg olefins (kg−1 bio‐oil) with a carbon yield of 59.3 C‐mol% and nearly complete bio‐oil conversion. The reaction conditions and addition of magnesium into the HZSM‐5 zeolite can be used to control both olefins yield and selectivity. In addition, the yield of light olefins from the pyrolysis of bio‐oil is much lower than the level from bio‐oil catalytic cracking.CONCLUSIONModerately increasing the medium acid sites through addition of Mg into the zeolite effectively enhanced olefins selectivity and improved catalyst stability. The production of light olefins from bio‐oil is closely associated with the chemical composition and hydrogen to carbon effective ratios of feedstock. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Cystic lymphangiomatosis with severe intra‐abdominal bleeding in a newborn: Case report
Authors: Baskın Didem , Narcı Adnan , Okur Nazan , Uğraş Meltem , Nadirgil Köken Gülengül , Ali Tuncer Ahmet , Tokyol Çiğdem , Çetinkurşun Salih 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe report the case of a newborn girl with intestinal cystic lymphangiomatosis who presented with abdominal distension and intra‐abdominal bleeding following a prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of intestinal anomaly. Postnatal abdominal ultrasound revealed disseminated submucosal and intramural cystic dilatations of various sizes in the bowel and intestinal lymphangiomatosis was diagnosed. The presence of severe bleeding diathesis and widespread disease led to conservative treatment. The patient died on postnatal day 7 and postmortem examination confirmed cystic lymphangiomatosis. Detection of intestinal hyperechogenicity and/or dilatation in prenatal ultrasonography and the persistence of these findings during pregnancy are suggestive for pathologies such as meconium ileus, meconium peritonitis, and intestinal atresia. Although rare, intestinal lymphangiomatosis should be kept in mind in patients whose prenatal sonographic findings persist until birth. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Food in an evolutionary context: insights from mother's milk
Authors: Hinde Katie , German J Bruce 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the emergence of diverse animal life forms, food is the most insistent and pervasive of environmental pressures. As the life sciences begin to understand organisms in genomic detail, evolutionary perspectives provide compelling insights into the results of these dynamic interactions between food and consumer. Such an evolutionary perspective is particularly needed today in the face of unprecedented capabilities to alter the food supply. What should we change? Answering this question for food production, safety and sustainability will require a much more detailed understanding of the complex interplay between humans and their food. Many organisms that we grow, produce, process and consume as foods naturally evolved adaptations in part to avoid being eaten. Crop breeding and processing have been the tools to convert overtly toxic and antinutritious commodities into foods that are safe to eat. Now the challenge is to enhance the nutritional quality and thereby contribute to improving human health. We posit that the Rosetta stone of food and nourishment is mammalian lactation and ‘mother's milk’. The milk that a mammalian mother produces for her young is a complete and comprehensive diet. Moreover, the capacity of the mammary gland as a remarkable bioreactor to synthesise milk, and the infant to utilise milk, reflects 200 million years of symbiotic co‐evolution between producer and consumer. Here we present emerging transdisciplinary research ‘decoding’ mother's milk from humans and other mammals. We further discuss how insights from mother's milk have important implications for food science and human health. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Mid‐contract management of Conservation Reserve Program grasslands provides benefits for ring‐necked pheasant nest and brood survival
Authors: Matthews Ty W. , Taylor J. Scott , Powell Larkin A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractConservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields may provide good habitat for nesting and brood‐rearing ring‐necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) during early stages of succession. But, the success of hens in early successional CRP, relative to late successional CRP and other grassland habitats, has yet to be evaluated. The reproductive period is especially critical for populations of pheasants, and CRP's benefits to hens and chicks may decrease as fields age because of loss of vegetative diversity, decrease in vegetation density, and accumulation of residual litter. During 2005–2006, we evaluated spatial and temporal variation in nest and brood survival for radio‐marked hen pheasants in areas of northeastern Nebraska where portions of CRP fields had been recently disced and interseeded (DICRP) with legumes. Nests in DICRP tended to have a higher daily survival rate (0.984; 95% CI: 0.957–0.994) than nests in grasslands (including CRP) that were unmanaged (0.951; 95% CI: 0.941–0.972). The probability of 23‐day nest success was 0.696 (95% CI: 0.631–0.762) for DICRP and 0.314 (95% CI: 0.240–0.389) for unmanaged grasslands. Daily brood survival rates varied by habitat type, brood age, and date of hatch. The probability of a brood surviving to day 21 was 0.710 (95% CI: 0.610–0.856). Brood survival rates increased with time spent in DICRP and as the brood aged. Survival decreased as broods spent more time in cropland and peaked seasonally with broods that hatched on 15 June. Brood survival probability, to 21 days, would be reduced to 0.36 (95% CI: 0.100–0.701) if broods in our sample had not used DICRP. We combined nest and brood survival in a productivity model that suggested 2,000 hens, in a landscape with no DICRP, would produce 1,826 chicks, whereas the same hens in a landscape of 100% DICRP would produce 5,398 chicks. Production of first‐year roosters more than doubled when hens nested in DICRP. Without DICRP, population growth rates of pheasant populations usually declined; with DICRP, populations stabilized with at annual survival rates of 0.3 or greater. The positive response of nest and brood survival to discing and interseeding CRP provides further evidence that CRP fields must be managed to optimize wildlife benefits. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Creating schools for the future, not the past for all students
Authors: Senge Peter M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSenge believes that too many school systems are still operating based on obsolete, industrial‐age thinking. Remaining focused on standardized‐test scores is problematic, because “future‐oriented businesses need people who are self‐directed learners, have strong personal values and a larger sense of responsibility, and can collaborate effectively in teams and larger networks to solve complex problems.” He describes school districts that are meeting this challenge through such strategies as systems thinking, education for sustainability, learner‐centered pedagogy, and building schools as learning communities. Bold leadership is needed from teachers, administrators, principals, parents, school boards, business/civic leaders, and the students themselves.
Optimization of Extrusion Parameters for Preparing PCL‐Layered Silicate Nanocomposites Supported by Modeling of Twin‐Screw Extrusion
Authors: Watzeels Nick , Van Durme Kurt , Miltner Hans Edouard , Block Christophe , Van Assche Guy , Van Mele Bruno , Bogdanov Bogdan , Rahier Hubert 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPCL‐based nanoclay (layered silicate) nanocomposites are prepared using a small scale intermeshing co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. Improving the level of nanoclay dispersion in PCL nanocomposites is obtained by changing the extrusion parameters. Increasing the screw speed and decreasing the throughput leads to an improved dispersion quality, as observed from the improved mechanical properties of the nanocomposites as well as from their clearly affected rheological and crystallization behavior. Furthermore, a commercially available software that simulates the twin‐screw extrusion process (LUDOVIC) is used to asses the processing parameters applied for making the nanocomposites.magnified image
Supramolecular Nucleating Agents for Poly(butylene terephthalate) Based on 1,3,5‐Benzenetrisamides
Authors: Richter Florian , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: June 2012

Abstract1,3,5‐Benzenetrisamide‐based supramolecular nucleating agents for poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) are reported. 1,3,5‐Benzenetrisamides combine excellent thermal stability with chemical resistance, basic requirements for the use in high‐melting thermoplastics. To establish structure–property relationships, the central core and peripheral substituents are varied systematically. Dissolution and crystallization behavior of the additives in the PBT melt and the crystallization temperature of PBT are investigated as a function of the additive concentration. Efficient nucleating agents can increase the crystallization temperature of PBT by 10.6 °C to 199.1 °C. A visualization of supramolecular nano‐objects formed in the polymer melt is provided. magnified image
Electrophoresis of Bottle‐Brush Polyelectrolytes in an Attractive Nanochannel
Authors: Cao Qianqian , Zuo Chuncheng , Li Lujuan , Zhang Yinhe 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA molecular dynamics study of the electrophoresis of bottle‐brush polyelectrolytes (BPEs) through nanochannels is reported. The BPE molecules consist of a neutral backbone with charged side chains. For strong attractive interactions between the BPE and the wall, the BPE is being trapped on the channel surface. A stretching–shrinking migration of the BPE in a channel of radius 6σ is observed at relatively strong electric fields. The stretching–shrinking transition is periodic for intermediate electric fields but not for stronger electric fields. The BPE also shows a transverse migration toward the wall at weak electric fields, while toward the center with further enhancing the electric field. For a channel with larger radius 12σ, the BPE does not migrate in the stretching–shrinking manner.magnified image
Numerical and experimental investigations of aluminium powder compaction and sintering
Authors: Bouguecha A. , Behrens B.‐A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDie Bildung von Dichtegradienten in Grünkörpern während des Pulverpressvorgangs und der daraus resultierende Sinterverzug stellt nach wie vor ein aktuelles Problem der Sintermetallindustrie dar. Demzufolge ist die Auslegung und Optimierung pulvertechnologischer Fertigungsverfahren zur Vermeidung derartiger Bauteilfehler des Presskörpers von entscheidender Bedeutung. Sie basiert bisher jedoch zu einem großen Teil auf Erfahrungswissen. Die numerische Simulation auf Basis der Finite‐Element‐Methode (FEM) bietet hingegen eine kosten‐ und zeitsparende Möglichkeit. Damit können Pulverpressvorgänge bereits in ihrer Entwicklungs‐ und Auslegungsphase hinsichtlich einer Reduzierung der Dichtegradienten und des daraus resultierenden Sinterverzugs simulationsgestützt optimiert werden.
Decreased olfactory bulb volume in idiopathic Parkinson's disease detected by 3.0‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Brodoehl Stefan , Klingner Carsten , Volk Gerd F. , Bitter Thomas , Witte Otto W. , Redecker Christoph 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA number of neuropathological studies have demonstrated that the olfactory system is among the first brain regions affected in Parkinson's disease (PD). These findings correlate with pathophysiological and pathological data that show a loss in olfactory bulb (OB) volume in patients with PD. However, to date, MRI has not been a reliable method for the in vivo detection of this volumetric loss in PD. Using a 3.0‐Tesla MRI constructive interference in the steady‐state sequence, OB volume was evaluated in patients with PD (n = 16) and healthy control subjects (n = 16). A significant loss of OB volume was observed in patients with PD, compared to the healthy control group (91.2 ± 15.72 versus 131.4 ± 24.56 mm3, respectively). Specifically, decreased height of the left OB appears to be a reliable parameter that is adaptable to clinical practice and significantly correlates with OB volume loss in patients with idiopathic PD. Measuring both the volume and height of the OB by MRI may be a valuable method for the clinical investigation of PD. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
A Continuous Flow Process for the Radical Induced End Group Removal of RAFT Polymers
Authors: Hornung Christian H. , Postma Almar , Saubern Simon , Chiefari John 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA continuous flow process for the radical‐induced end‐group removal of polymers made by a RAFT process is described. A series of different monomers, including acrylamides, methacrylate, and styrene are polymerized at 70–100 °C using various different RAFT agents, solvents, and radical initiators. The subsequent end group removal process is carried out in a steel tube flow reactor system at 100 °C in organic solvents or water. After reaction, the polymers exhibit low polydispersities between 1.03 and 1.19, and average molecular weights between 7500 and 22 800 g · mol−1. This continuous flow approach provides a facile alternative scale‐up route to conventional batch operation and can be integrated into a sequential flow process consisting of RAFT polymerization followed by post‐treatment. magnified image
Inner‐volume imaging in vivo using three‐dimensional parallel spatially selective excitation
Authors: Schneider Johannes T. , Kalayciyan Raffi , Haas Martin , Herrmann Sarah R. , Ruhm Wolfgang , Hennig Jürgen , Ullmann Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis work describes the first experimental realization of three‐dimensional spatially selective excitation using parallel transmission in vivo. For the design of three‐dimensional parallel excitation pulses with short durations and high excitation accuracy, the choice of a suitable transmit k‐space trajectory is crucial. For this reason, the characteristics of a stack‐of‐spirals trajectory and of a concentric‐shells trajectory were examined in an initial simulation study. It showed that, especially when undersampling the trajectories in combination with parallel transmission, experimental parameters such as transmit‐coil geometry and off‐resonance conditions have an essential impact on the suitability of the selected trajectory and undersampling scheme. Both trajectories were applied in MR inner‐volume imaging experiments which demonstrate that acceptably short and robust three‐dimensional selective pulses can be achieved if the trajectory is temporally optimized and its actual path is measured and considered during pulse calculation. Pulse durations as short as 3.2 ms were realized and such pulses were appropriate to accurately excite arbitrarily shaped volumes in a corn cob and in a rat in vivo. Reduced field‐of‐view imaging of these selectively excited targets allowed high spatial resolution and significantly reduced measurement times and furthermore demonstrates the feasibility of three‐dimensional parallel excitation in realistic MRI applications in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical modeling of fluid‐driven fractures in cohesive poroelastoplastic continuum
Authors: Sarris E. , Papanastasiou P. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYIn this article, we investigate the main parameters that influence the propagation of a fluid‐driven fracture in a poroelastoplastic continuum. These parameters include the cohesive zone, the stress anisotropy, and the pore pressure field. The fracture is driven in a permeable porous domain that corresponds to weak formation by pumping of an incompressible viscous fluid at the fracture inlet under plane strain conditions. Rock deformation is modeled with the Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion with associative flow rule. Fluid flow in the fracture is modeled by the lubrication theory. The movement of the pore fluid in the surrounding medium is assumed to obey the Darcy law and is of the same nature as the fracturing fluid. The cohesive zone approach is used as the fracture propagation criterion. The problem is modeled numerically with the finite element method to obtain the solution for the fracture length, the fracture opening, and the propagation pressure as a function of the time and distance from the pumping inlet. It is demonstrated that the plastic yielding that is associated with the rock dilation in an elastoplastic saturated porous continuum is significantly affected by the cohesive zone characteristics, the stress anisotropy, and the pore pressure field. These influences result in larger fracture profiles and propagation pressures due to the larger plastic zones that are developing during the fracture propagation. Furthermore, it is also found that the diffusion process that is a major mechanism in hydraulic fracture operations influences further the obtained results on the fracture dimensions, plastic yielding, and fluid pressures. These findings may explain partially the discrepancies in net pressures between field measurements and conventional model predictions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Link repair in managed multi‐domain connections with end‐to‐end quality guarantees
Authors: Yampolskiy Mark , Hommel Wolfgang , Liu Feng , König Ralf , Metzker Martin G. , Schiffers Michael 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe Internet is a platform providing connection channels for various services. Whereas for services like email the best‐effort nature of the Internet can be considered sufficient, other services strongly depend on service‐specific connection quality parameters. This quality dependence has led to dedicated content distribution networks as a workaround solution for services like YouTube. Such workarounds are applicable to a small number of services only. With the global application of the Internet, the impact of quality of service varies from annoyance due to jitter in VoIP communication to endangering human lives in telemedicine applications. Thus network connections with end‐to‐end quality guarantees are indispensable for various existing and evolving services. In this paper we consider point‐to‐point multi‐domain network connections for which the end‐to‐end quality has to be assured. Our contribution includes the classification of fault cases in general and countermeasures against end‐to‐end performance degradation. By correlating events and reasonable countermeasures, this work provides the foundation for quality assurance during the operation phase of end‐to‐end connections. We put our contribution in the context of a vision of global‐goal‐aware self‐adaptation in computer networks and outline further research areas that require a similar classification to the work provided here. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement of the LMI change of variables for multi‐objective control design problems
Authors: Simon Emile , Wertz Vincent 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThe aim of this paper is to propose an improvement of a classical change of variables useful to solve multi‐objective control design problems that can be formulated with LMIs. For multi‐objective problems, the only approach guaranteed to converge to global optima is to use an iterative approach where the order of the design parameter grows (until no improvement is obtained to some relative decrease). The issue is that the order of the design parameter and the size of associated LMIs may easily grow to unacceptably large values (computationally and/or for implementation in practice). The change of variables considered here was proposed to mitigate that issue, that is, to reduce the inflation of number of variables of the corresponding optimization problems. Here, we propose a method exploiting this change of variables further in order to obtain a sequence of increasing order design parameters converging faster towards the global optimum. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.