bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Antioxidant Treatment With α-Lipoic Acid Over 4 Years in Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Authors: Ziegler Dan , Low Phillip A. , Litchy William J. , Boulton Andrew J.M. , Vinik Aaron I. , Freeman Roy , Samigullin Rustem , Tritschler Hans , Munzel Ullrich , Maus Joachim , Schütte Klemens , Dyck Peter J. 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of α-lipoic acid (ALA) over 4 years in mild-to-moderate diabetic distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a multicenter randomized double-blind parallel-group trial, 460 diabetic patients with mild-to-moderate DSPN were randomly assigned to oral treatment with 600 mg ALA once daily (n = 233) or placebo (n = 227) for 4 years. Primary end point was a composite score (Neuropathy Impairment Score [NIS]–Lower Limbs [NIS-LL] and seven neurophysiologic tests). Secondary outcome measures included NIS, NIS-LL, nerve conduction, and quantitative sensory tests (QSTs).

RESULTS
Change in primary end point from baseline to 4 years showed no significant difference between treatment groups (P = 0.105). Change from baseline was significantly better with ALA than placebo for NIS (P = 0.028), NIS-LL (P = 0.05), and NIS-LL muscular weakness subscore (P = 0.045). More patients showed a clinically meaningful improvement and fewer showed progression of NIS (P = 0.013) and NIS-LL (P = 0.025) with ALA than with placebo. Nerve conduction and QST results did not significantly worsen with placebo. Global assessment of treatment tolerability and discontinuations due to lack of tolerability did not differ between the groups. The rates of serious adverse events were higher on ALA (38.1%) than on placebo (28.0%).

CONCLUSIONS
Four-year treatment with ALA in mild-to-moderate DSPN did not influence the primary composite end point but resulted in a clinically meaningful improvement and prevention of progression of neuropathic impairments and was well tolerated. Because the primary composite end point did not deteriorate significantly in placebo-treated subjects, secondary prevention of its progression by ALA according to the trial design was not feasible.
Recurrent Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Inner-City Minority Patients
Authors: Randall Lori , Begovic Jovan , Hudson Megan , Smiley Dawn , Peng Limin , Pitre Njalalia , Umpierrez Denise , Umpierrez Guillermo 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
To conduct a bedside study to determine the factors driving insulin noncompliance in inner-city patients with recurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed socioeconomic and psychological factors in 164 adult patients with DKA who were admitted to Grady Hospital between July 2007 and August 2010, including demographics, diabetes treatment, education, and mental illness. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Short Form-36 surveys were used to screen for depression and assess quality of life.

RESULTS
The average number of admissions was 4.5 ± 7 per patient. A total of 73 patients presented with first-time DKA, and 91 presented with recurrent DKA; 96% of patients were African American. Insulin discontinuation was the leading precipitating cause in 68% of patients; other causes were new-onset diabetes (10%), infection (15%), medical illness (4%), and undetermined causes (3%). Among those who stopped insulin, 32% gave no reasons for stopping, 27% reported lack of money to buy insulin, 19% felt sick, 15% were away from their supply, and 5% were stretching insulin. Compared with first-time DKA, those with recurrent episodes had longer duration of diabetes (P &lt; 0.001), were a younger age at the onset of diabetes (P = 0.04), and had higher rates of depression (P = 0.04), alcohol (P = 0.047) and drug (P &lt; 0.001) abuse, and homelessness (P = 0.005). There were no differences in quality-of-life scores, major psychiatric illnesses, or employment between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Poor adherence to insulin therapy is the leading cause of recurrent DKA in inner-city patients. Several behavioral, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and educational factors contribute to poor compliance. The recognition of such factors and the institution of culturally appropriate interventions and education programs might reduce DKA recurrence in minority populations.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Causes Changes in the Concentrations of Adipocyte Fatty Acid–Binding Protein and Other Adipocytokines in Cord Blood
Authors: Ortega-Senovilla Henar , Schaefer-Graf Ute , Meitzner Katrin , Abou-Dakn Michael , Graf Kristof , Kintscher Ulrich , Herrera Emilio 
Published: July 2011

OBJECTIVE
To determine the concentrations of adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein (AFABP) and other adipocytokines in maternal and cord serum of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and of control subjects and to relate them to indexes of insulin sensitivity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In 86 control and 98 GDM pregnant women, venous blood was collected before vaginal delivery and arterial blood from cord immediately after delivery. Serum insulin and adipocytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS
GDM women had higher prepregnancy BMI, and data were adjusted for it. Maternal serum insulin, insulin-to-glucose ratio, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), AFABP, and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) were higher and adiponectin was lower in GDM than in control subjects, whereas serum glucose, insulin, insulin-to-glucose ratio, HOMA, nonesterified fatty acids, and RBP4 were higher and glycerol, AFABP, and adiponectin were lower in cord blood serum of GDM than of control subjects. AFABP and adiponectin in cord serum of control subjects were higher than in maternal serum; in GDM women no difference was found for AFABP in cord versus maternal serum, although adiponectin remained higher in cord. Values of leptin in both groups were lower in cord than in maternal serum, and those of RBP4 were lower in only GDM women.

CONCLUSIONS
It is suggested that fetal tissues are the main source of cord arterial serum AFABP, and in GDM fetuses AFABP values correlate with adiposity markers. A downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of RBP4 in GDM mothers and their fetuses may be related to their insulin-resistant condition, whereas changes in AFABP do not seem to be related.
Effect of Desensitizing Agents on the Microtensile Bond Strength of a Two-step Self-etch Adhesive to Dentin
Authors: Arısu HD , Dalkıhç E , Üçtaşlı MB 
Published: July 2011

Clinical RelevanceAdhesive composite resin restorations may be performed after dentin hypersensitivity treatment procedures. However, the effect of desensitizers on the bond strength of adhesive restorations is controversial.
Class II Composite Restorations: Importance of Cervical Enamel In Vitro
Authors: Laegreid T , Gjerdet NR , von Steyern PV , Johansson A-K 
Published: July 2011

Clinical RelevanceThe presence of enamel at the cervical margin of a class II preparation increases the fracture strength of the composite restoration at the marginal ridge, but fractures are more complicated when they occur.
Effects of Common Dental Materials Used in Preventive or Operative Dentistry on Dentin Permeability and Remineralization
Authors: Sauro S , Thompson I , Watson TF 
Published: July 2011

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The bioactive glass (Sylc) reacts with saliva depositing hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) within the demineralized collagen fibrils and occluding dentinal tubules. Therefore, it may be used as a suitable desensitizing bioactive material for the treatment of DH and as an air-cutting powder before bonding procedures to remineralize tooth structure and/or prevent further demineralization within the resin–dentin interface.
Experimental determination of force and displacement of a car suspension
Authors: Janković Aleksandra , Đukić Rade 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a dynamical laboratory testing of experimental car body connection with real elastic suspension system (ESS) is described. During the experiment a horizontal force in longitudinal direction was applied, in order to simulate an acceleration and deceleration regime of a vehicle. The experiment was carried out on the example of two car bodies, with identical geometric behavior but implemented engine compartment was made of different materials: in one case it was made of steel and in another one of Al-alloys. The obtained displacement results were compared.
De fillettes en amazones : maturation et transformation des générations Shibuya
Authors: Reisel Marie-Louise 
Published: July 2011

The Shibuya girls known as kogyaru or ko-gals are a known phenomenon on Tokyo's cultural map for over 10 years now. During the years, they have created a unique youth sub-culture, whole feminine, which has filtered into various layers of culture, influencing values, beliefs and mainly gender status. The kogyaru are very young, mostly high-school girls, but they already follow an ideology of freedom for women and changes in the traditional values of society. One of the dominant features of the kogyaru sub-culture is the practice of enjo-kosai, a form of prostitution, as part of the ideology of the group. Ènjo-kosai has become a central feature of the kogyaru, being their flag of freedom of women over men by using the body as a symbol of power.
This article is based on a research conducted in Shibuya during the years 2000-2002. The research was based on observations and interviews and it tried to follow and explain how enjo-kosai became a major symbolic pattern of the kogyaru and the reasons for practicing it.
Débats autour des fouilles archéologiques à Osaka, 1917-1920
Authors: Nanta Arnaud 
Published: July 2011

Modern anthropology and archaeology appear in Japan at the end of the xixth century, in the context of state modernization. Centered on the Imperial university of Tokyo and on the Imperial Museum, the scholars of this scientific field consider the Japanese settlement as the result of an invasion of the archipelago : the Japanese would have repulsed the Ainos to the north, putting an end to the prehistoric times.
After the chair of Archaeology has been created, at the Imperial university of Kyoto, a new group of scholars centered on Hamada Kôsaku, maintain on the contrary that the Japanese settlement does possess some continuity with that of the prehistoric times, and imagine « Japanese prehistoric times » upon the archipelago. In 1917-1919, this new group of anthropologists and archaeologists rally other scholars of the provinces, like the Imperial university of Tôhoku, and oppose the capital's academism about the interpretation of the excavations in the site of Ko, in the suburbs of Osaka. The « Kyoto School » try to re-think the accepted paradigm of the alternance of the settlement, and substitute for a continuist interpretation of the Japanese people on the archipelago. This new discourse, opposed to the predominant one of the capital, does not have large echoes. In fact, at the same time, the annexionnism does maintain the idea of the common origins of Japanese and Korean, according to which the Japanese's origins are on the continent.
Un autre point de vue sur « l'histoire tragique des ouvrières ». Le monde des fileuses de soie dans le Japon de la première moitié du XXe siècle
Authors: Schaal Sandra 
Published: July 2011

Another Point of View on the « Pitiful History of Women Workers ». The Life- World of the Women Workers in Prewar Japan's Silk Spinning Industry.
Many researchers have studied the condition of the women who worked in the silk spinning industry in prewar Japan. Still, because they investigated this topic in the macroeconomic context of the Japanese industrialization, they mainly criticized its negative consequences and argued that these workers led a horrendous life in these mills. Therefore, most people remember them as victims and commonly refer to the history of their lives as the "pitiful history of women workers". However, this study, which is essentially based on the analysis of oral testimonies by ex- spinning mills' operatives, reveals that a positive representation of these women workers is also possible. If the informants often describe their work as hard, they do not go as far as presenting themselves as victims of the factory system. On the contrary, many of them not only teach us that life in those times was harsh for many rural people, but also that there were some good aspects in factory life. In this perspective, one can think that "the factory experience" may have been perceived as a good opportunity or at least as a lesser evil.
Le niveau de vie des Japonais a-t-il augmenté pendant le miracle économique de Meiji ?
Authors: Bassino Jean-Pascal 
Published: July 2011

Did Japanese Living Standards Improved during the Meiji Economic Miracle?
This paper proposes a review of evidence based on various data available for analyzing changes in living standards in Japan between the early 19th and the early 20th century. The first part compares per capita income estimates for Japan and other Asian countries and examines a number of problems related to this indicator. The second part analyzes changes in real wages, and the third part the growth of food supply and stature.
Le Japon et l'Organisation des Nations Unies : efforts récompensés et espoirs frustrés
Authors: Jallais Bérénice 
Published: July 2011

Japan and the United Nations.
By withdrawing from the League of Nations in 1933, Japan has chosen isolation, thus freeing itself from any treaty constraint in the purpose of dominating the Far East. In 1945, its defeat has led it to ostracism. Held apart from the international society, during as well as after the American occupation, it has wished to become a full member of the United Nations in order to reintegrate the community of nations. Admitted in 1956, it has acted like an USA ally, remaining in the background but constantly proving its belonging to the Western camp. Thanks to its economic power, its importance now enables it to be on an equal footing with the most powerful countries in the United Nations. By a growing involvement in the activities of the world organization, it now strives to impose the legitimacy of its ambition to get the status of a « special member » in the Security Council.
Le consommateur japonais face aux produits biologiques : leçons d'un système de commercialisation diversifié
Authors: Ôyama Toshio 
Published: July 2011

The organic movement in Japan emerged in the early 1970's. The history of Japanese organic agriculture over the last thirty years provides a number of lessons drawn from diversification in marketing and distribution systems of organic products, such as 1) "teikei" partnership - a prototype system based on the human relationship between producer and consumer, 2) specialized organic distributor, 3) organic and natural foods store, 4) consumer "sanchoku" Co-op, and 5) supermarket.
In July 2000, the JAS Organic program as a national regulation for organic certification came into force. Some consumer survey results show that there is a significant level of recognition of JAS Organic according to consumer category. In fact, the members of Co-ops and the subscribers to specialized distributors have a higher level of recognition of the JAS Organic. This means that such consumers have better access to information and have a higher level of awareness of food safety and quality. It might be expected that they could pay premium prices for buying organic products. For a growing organic market, it is crucial to educate and organize such consumers.
Le mouvement antialcoolique au Japon, de 1880 à 1920, et l'adoption de la législation antialcoolique pour les mineurs
Authors: Aoki Takahiro , Terrail-Lormel Sarah 
Published: July 2011

Soumise à certaines limitations jusque dans les années 1860, la production d'alcool fut libéralisée au Japon en 1871. Pendant les dix années qui suivirent, un grand nombre de producteurs apparut et le volume d'alcool produit décupla. La consommation d'alcool augmenta en conséquence, devenant souvent excessive, et fut la source de nombreux problème sociaux.
Prenant conscience de cette situation, les églises protestantes, qui ne parvenaient pas à accroître le nombre de leurs fidèles, créèrent des sociétés de tempérance dans tout le pays, dans un but évident de prosélytisme. La figure centrale de ces sociétés prohibitionnistes était Nemoto Shô. Député à la Chambre basse, il n'aura de cesse d'y présenter, à partir de 1901, une loi pour l'interdiction de la consommation d'alcool aux mineurs. Bien que le but affiché de cette proposition de loi fût la mise en pratique d'une véritable éducation publique, l'objectif en était, en vérité, de faire passer l'habitude de boire aux Japonais.
Le gouvernement, qui s'était d'abord opposé à cette proposition de loi, en vint à considérer que la consommation excessive d'alcool était la cause de l'appauvrissement de la population qui avait suivi la première guerre sino-japonaise, laissant de côté l'augmentation des impôts qui en était le véritable facteur. Par ailleurs, l'introduction des thèses eugénistes popularisa à tort l'idée que les dommages sur la santé dus à l'alcool étaient héréditaires. C'est ainsi que la loi sur l'interdiction de la consommation d'alcool aux mineurs finit par être adoptée en 1922.
Population, ménage et succession au nord-est du Japon : Aizu, 1750-1850
Authors: Akira Hayami , Okada Aoi 
Published: July 2011

Cet article est une analyse des caractéristiques démographiques et du système de reproduction des familles dans une région montagneuse du nord-est du Japon, le district d'Aizu. Cette analyse repose sur une exploitation des registres de déclaration de foi, shûmon aratame-chô (SAC), de quatre villages entre 1750 et 1850. Il met en évidence l'existence d'une relation étroite entre modèles démographiques et modèles d'organisation des familles et des ménages.
Le type d'organisation familiale le plus fréquent était le ménage à famille-souche, habituellement considéré comme un système propre au Japon et généralement caractérisé par la transmission de la maison, l'ie, à un seul héritier. Les auteurs mènent une analyse détaillée de la succession des chefs de ménage, de la composition des ménages ainsi que des rapports familiaux. Si les plus grandes différences observées entre les modèles cycliques de reproduction renvoient à des différences de classes sociales, il ressort que les familles de cette région partageaient l'idéal de l'ie et s'y conformaient, en particulier dans les classes les plus aisées.
Transmettre une maison : le système successoral des Pyrénées centrales et du nord-est du Japon
Authors: Fauve-Chamoux Antoinette 
Published: July 2011

Le système de la famille-souche a beaucoup à nous apprendre, qu'il s'agisse des mécanismes auxquels obéit la reproduction familiale en milieu rural ou du rôle, important, qui y était dévolu aux femmes, qu'elles fussent mères, filles héritières ou cadettes. Deux sociétés rurales régies par ce système « à maison » - toutes deux situées en zone de montagne - sont comparées ici, l'une en France méridionale (dans les Pyrénées centrales), l'autre dans le nord-est du Japon (domaines Aizu et Nihonmatsu)
L'auteur étudie les modalités de la transmission du pouvoir familial à la tête de la maison selon que le chef précédent (homme ou femme) meurt ou se retire. Il évoque également le rôle joué par les veuves, par les fils, par les gendres et, le cas échéant, par les fils adoptés.
Analyse du renouveau militant de la société civile japonaise. Le mouvement des sans-abri de Shinjuku à Tokyo
Authors: Malinas David-Antoine 
Published: July 2011

In this research paper I analyze Japanese civil society's activism rebirth in contemporary Japan, an until now poorly developed approach despite impressive theoretical development both in the United States and in Europe and the presence, for more than twenty years in Japan, of an "anti-poverty" movement strengthened by the recent world wild crisis.
To understand the major characteristics of this rebirth, and distinguish it from the traditional "inhabitant movement", I focused on the Shinjuku Renraku Kai (SRK), one of the oldest and nowadays major organizations that supports the very poor. I argue that new Japanese activism has two major features : from an organizational point of view, there is a pluralistic base of recruitment with a central role played by "external" supporters, many of them belonging to the extreme left. From a strategic point of view, an evolution in the repertory of action has been witnessed with a systematic use of Media to facilitate communication with the authorities.
Spécification des préférences implicites en matière de politique économique française, 1981-1991
Authors: Marti Robert 
Published: July 2011

Spécification des préférences implicites en matière de politique économique française, 1981-1991
par Robert Marti
Parmi les grands pays industriels, la France est un de ceux qui ont les taux de chômage les plus élevés. Est-il vrai que l'objectif de plein-emploi a été prioritaire durant la dernière décennie ? Ce papier essaie d'estimer les préférences des responsables de politique économique. La technique du contrôle inverse est utilisée pour identifier la fonction objectif de politique et la modélisation VARX est employée pour d'écrire l'environnement économique. Finalement, il semble que la lutte contre le chômage ait été un objectif économique secondaire, loin derrière des préoccupations d'ordre monétaire.
Chômage et exportation agricole : le cas des régions ultra périphériques de l'Europe
Authors: Borda Patrice , Montauban Jean Gabriel 
Published: July 2011

Unemployment and Agricultural Exports: The Case of the Outlying Areas of Europe by Patrice Borda and Jean-Gabriel Montauban
An analysis of the structure of underemployment in Europe's outlying areas reveals the existence of a dual market in these small economies. The purpose of this article is to present a dual market model taking account of unofficial activities and the constraint on the output of secondary sector firms. In this way, we highlight the factors that encourage the emergence of underemployment.
Investissement et rationnement sur le marché tunisien des importations de biens d'équipement
Authors: Ben Jelili Riadh 
Published: July 2011

Disequilibria and Quantitative Adjustment on the Tunisian Intermediate and Capital Goods Import Market: An Estimate Using the Simulated Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood Method
byRiadhBenJelili
This article looks at a market that is particularly important to investment projects in Tunisia: the intermediate and capital goods market. We concentrate on a short-term outlook (with prices considered to be exogenous and fixed) and develop a disequilibrium model for the Tunisian intermediate and capital goods import market. This model integrates both supply and demand constraints. Furthermore, we introduce the possibility of investment behaviour adjusting to the disequilibrium situation observed on the market in question. By estimating this model using the simulated pseudo maximum likelihood method, we highlight the role of quantitative adjustments in reducing disequilibria. However, the adjustment is not total and the hypothesis of fixed prices would appear to be rather extreme. .
Ouverture à la concurrence dans les réseaux : l'approche stratégique de l'économie des réseaux
Authors: Perrot Anne 
Published: July 2011

Opening Up Networks to Competition: The Strategic Network Economy Approach
by Anne Perrot
The network economy, developed since the mid-1980s, examines the consequences of strategic behaviour at work in the markets featuring either the presence of network externalities (supply or demand externalities) or the goods-systems nature of the products provided. When combined with advances in regulation theory, which envisages the implications of asymmetric information situations between regulator and regulated firms, this study throws a great deal of light on the organization that should predominate in the activities previously entrusted to public monopolies. The article studies the implications of this theoretical progress for the operation of the sectors open to competition (transport, telecommunications, energy, etc.).