bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descendants of Primed Arabidopsis Plants Exhibit Resistance to Biotic Stress
Authors: Slaughter Ana , Daniel Xavier , Flors Victor , Luna Estrella , Hohn Barbara , Mauch-Mani Brigitte 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
An attack of plants by pathogens or treatment with certain resistance-inducing compounds can lead to the establishment of a unique primed state of defense. Primed plants show enhanced defense reactions upon further challenge with biotic or abiotic stress. Here, we report that the primed state in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is still functional in the next generation without additional treatment. We compared the reactions of Arabidopsis plants that had been either primed with β-amino-butyric acid (BABA) or with an avirulent isolate of the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (PstavrRpt2). The descendants of primed plants showed a faster and higher accumulation of transcripts of defense-related genes in the salicylic acid signaling pathway and enhanced disease resistance upon challenge inoculation with a virulent isolate of P. syringae. In addition, the progeny of primed plants was also more resistant against the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. When transgenerationally primed plants were subjected to an additional priming treatment, their descendants displayed an even stronger primed phenotype, suggesting that plants can inherit a sensitization for the priming phenomenon. Interestingly, this primed to be primed phenotype was much reduced in the Arabidopsis β-amino-butyric acid priming mutant ibs1 (induced BABA sterility1). Our results demonstrate that the primed state of plants is transferred to their progeny and confers improved protection from pathogen attack as compared to the descendants of unprimed plants.
Impact of biocides on biofilm formation by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ST239‐SCCmecIII) isolates
Authors: Aparecida Guimarães Marcia , Rocchetto Coelho Leonardo , Rodrigues Souza Raquel , Ferreira‐Carvalho Bernadete Teixeira , Marie Sá Figueiredo Agnes 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTProcedures of sterilization and disinfection are essential to ensure that medical and surgical instruments will not transmit infectious pathogens to patients. In the present paper, we tested the residual effect of these compounds on biofilm formation and its efficiency in disrupting preformed biofilms using methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates of the lineage ST239‐SCCmecIII. All compounds examined, except 70% alcohol, caused a significant impairment in biofilm formation with concomitant inhibition of cell growth. Among the compounds examined, 10% povidone‐iodine (PVP‐I) was the only antiseptic that exhibited more than 90% reduction of both biofilm formation and dispersion. In the group of sterilants and disinfectants, a formulation containing 7% hydrogen peroxide and 0.2% peracetic acid (HP‐PA), and sodium hypochlorite with 1% active chlorine (NaOCl) were equally effective.
Contribution of neutrophil‐derived myeloperoxidase in the early phase of fulminant acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by influenza virus infection
Authors: Sugamata Ryuichi , Dobashi Hideki , Nagao Tomokazu , Yamamoto Ki‐ichi , Nakajima Noriko , Sato Yuko , Aratani Yasuaki , Oshima Masamichi , Sata Tetsutaro , Kobayashi Kazuo , Kawachi Shoji , Nakayama Toshinori , Suzuki Kazuo 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBecause the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by influenza virus infection remains unknown, we can only improve on existing therapeutic interventions. To approach the subject, we investigated immunological etiology focused on cytokines and an acute lung damage factor in influenza‐induced ARDS by using a PR‐8 (A/H1N1)‐infected mouse model. The infected mouse showed fulminant severe pneumonia with leukocyte infiltration, claudin alteration on tight junctions, and formation of hyaline membranes. In addition to interferon (IFN)‐α, plenty of keratinocyte‐derived chemokines (KC), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP‐2), regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1) were significantly released into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the model. We focused on neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a potent tissue damage factor and examined its contribution in influenza pneumonia by using mice genetically lacking in MPO. The absence of MPO reduced inflammatory damage with suppression of leakage of total BALF proteins associated with alteration of claudins in the lung. MPO−/− mice also suppressed viral load in the lung. The present study suggests that MPO‐mediated OCl− generation affects claudin molecules and leads to protein leakage and viral spread as a damage factor in influenza‐induced ARDS.
Virulence genotypes and drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori from Vladivostok, Russia: another feature in the Far East
Authors: Reva Ivan , Takano Tomomi , Higuchi Wataru , Iwao Yasuhisa , Taneike Ikue , Nakagawa Saori , Ike Masami , Pererva Oleg , Tarankov Alexey , Agapov Mikhail , Rizhkov Evgeniy , Singur Olga , Reva Galina , Potapov Vladimir , Yamamoto Tatsuo 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori in Vladivostok, Far Eastern Russia, was investigated during 2004 to 2009. The genotype cagA+ vacA+ (s1/m1 or m2) accounted for 74.7%, with cagA− vacA+ (s2/m2) at 11.2%. The CagA EPIYA type was mainly Western ABC, with minor types (ABCCC and novel AAABC) or non‐Western/non‐East Asia type (AB). Regarding drug resistance, metronidazole resistance was the highest, with a marked decrease in 6 years (from 71.4% to 30.8%); in contrast, levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance increased. The data indicate that in Vladivostok, H. pylori was mainly the Western (not East Asian) type and dynamic changes in drug resistance occurred during 6 years.
Nurses’ decision‐making in cases of physical restraint: a synthesis of qualitative evidence
Authors: Goethals Sabine , Dierckx de Casterlé Bernadette , Gastmans Chris 
Published: December 2011

goethals s., dierckx de casterlé b. & gastmans c. (2012) Nurses’ decision‐making in cases of physical restraint: a synthesis of qualitative evidence. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1198–1210.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of a review that aimed to synthesize the available qualitative evidence on nurses’ decision‐making in cases of physical restraint.Background.  The use of physical restraint in acute and residential healthcare facilities is a widespread practice in many countries. Decisions about the use of physical restraints are complex and ethically laden. The lack of evidence supporting the use of physical restraints, the negative consequences of restraint for patients, and the low availability of alternatives obviously complicate the decision‐making.Data sources.  Research papers published between January 1990 and January 2010 were identified in Cinahl, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science.Review methods.  A systematic review was carried out to obtain a meta‐synthesis of qualitative evidence. The process of meta‐synthesis was supported by the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guidelines.Findings.  The decision‐making of nurses dealing with the use of physical restraints is a complex trajectory primarily focused on safety. However, thoughtful decision‐making requires nurses to carefully balance different options and associated ethical values. The decision‐making process of nurses is influenced by both nurse‐ and context‐related factors.Conclusions.  This review provides a deeper understanding of nurses’ decision‐making process on the use of physical restraints. Context‐ and nurse‐related factors can hinder nurses from making an ethical decision on the appropriate use of physical restraints. There is an urgent need to stimulate and educate nurses to arrive at an appropriate decision about the use of physical restraints.
Intraspecies Biodiversity of the Genetically Homologous Species Brucella microti
Authors: Al Dahouk Sascha , Hofer Erwin , Tomaso Herbert , Vergnaud Gilles , Le Flèche Philippe , Cloeckaert Axel , Koylass Mark S. , Whatmore Adrian M. , Nöckler Karsten , Scholz Holger C. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Brucellosis is one of the major bacterial zoonoses worldwide. In the past decade, an increasing number of atypical
Brucella
strains and species have been described.
Brucella microti
in particular has attracted attention, because this species not only infects mammalian hosts but also persists in soil. An environmental reservoir may pose a new public health risk, leading to the reemergence of brucellosis. In a polyphasic approach, comprising conventional microbiological techniques and extensive biochemical and molecular techniques, all currently available
Brucella microti
strains were characterized. While differing in their natural habitats and host preferences,
B. microti
isolates were found to possess identical 16S rRNA,
recA
,
omp2a
, and
omp2b
gene sequences and identical multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) profiles at 21 different genomic loci. Only highly variable microsatellite markers of multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis comprising 16 loci (MLVA-16) showed intraspecies discriminatory power. In contrast, biotyping demonstrated striking differences within the genetically homologous species. The majority of the mammalian isolates agglutinated only with monospecific anti-M serum, whereas soil isolates agglutinated with anti-A, anti-M, and anti-R sera. Bacteria isolated from animal sources were lysed by phages F1, F25, Tb, BK2, Iz, and Wb, whereas soil isolates usually were not. Rough strains of environmental origin were lysed only by phage R/C.
B. microti
exhibited high metabolic activities similar to those of closely related soil organisms, such as
Ochrobactrum
spp. Each strain was tested with 93 different substrates and showed an individual metabolic profile. In summary, the adaptation of
Brucella microti
to a specific habitat or host seems to be a matter of gene regulation rather than a matter of gene configuration.
Plasmid Localization and Organization of Melamine Degradation Genes in Rhodococcus sp. Strain Mel
Authors: Dodge Anthony G. , Wackett Lawrence P. , Sadowsky Michael J. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus
sp. strain Mel was isolated from soil by enrichment and grew in minimal medium with melamine as the sole N source with a doubling time of 3.5 h. Stoichiometry studies showed that all six nitrogen atoms of melamine were assimilated. The genome was sequenced by Roche 454 pyrosequencing to 13× coverage, and a 22.3-kb DNA region was found to contain a homolog to the melamine deaminase gene
trzA
. Mutagenesis studies showed that the cyanuric acid hydrolase and biuret hydrolase genes were clustered together on a different 17.9-kb contig. Curing and gene transfer studies indicated that 4 of 6 genes required for the complete degradation of melamine were located on an ∼265-kb self-transmissible linear plasmid (pMel2), but this plasmid was not required for ammeline deamination. The
Rhodococcus
sp. strain Mel melamine metabolic pathway genes were located in at least three noncontiguous regions of the genome, and the plasmid-borne genes encoding enzymes for melamine metabolism were likely recently acquired.
Spatial Distribution of Viruses Associated with Planktonic and Attached Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Environments
Authors: Yoshida-Takashima Yukari , Nunoura Takuro , Kazama Hiromi , Noguchi Takuroh , Inoue Kazuhiro , Akashi Hironori , Yamanaka Toshiro , Toki Tomohiro , Yamamoto Masahiro , Furushima Yasuo , Ueno Yuichiro , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Takai Ken 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTViruses play important roles in marine surface ecosystems, but little is known about viral ecology and virus-mediated processes in deep-sea hydrothermal microbial communities. In this study, we examined virus-like particle (VLP) abundances in planktonic and attached microbial communities, which occur in physical and chemical gradients in both deep and shallow submarine hydrothermal environments (mixing waters between hydrothermal fluids and ambient seawater and dense microbial communities attached to chimney surface areas or macrofaunal bodies and colonies). We found that viruses were widely distributed in a variety of hydrothermal microbial habitats, with the exception of the interior parts of hydrothermal chimney structures. The VLP abundance and VLP-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR) in the planktonic habitats increased as the ratio of hydrothermal fluid to mixing water increased. On the other hand, the VLP abundance in attached microbial communities was significantly and positively correlated with the whole prokaryotic abundance; however, the VPRs were always much lower than those for the surrounding hydrothermal waters. This is the first report to show VLP abundance in the attached microbial communities of submarine hydrothermal environments, which presented VPR values significantly lower than those in planktonic microbial communities reported before. These results suggested that viral lifestyles (e.g., lysogenic prevalence) and virus interactions with prokaryotes are significantly different among the planktonic and attached microbial communities that are developing in the submarine hydrothermal environments.
Rapid Filtration Separation-Based Sample Preparation Method for Bacillus Spores in Powdery and Environmental Matrices
Authors: Isabel Sandra , Boissinot Maurice , Charlebois Isabelle , Fauvel Chantal M. , Shi Lu-E , Lévesque Julie-Christine , Paquin Amélie T. , Bastien Martine , Stewart Gale , Leblanc Éric , Sato Sachiko , Bergeron Michel G. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Authorities frequently need to analyze suspicious powders and other samples for biothreat agents in order to assess environmental safety. Numerous nucleic acid detection technologies have been developed to detect and identify biowarfare agents in a timely fashion. The extraction of microbial nucleic acids from a wide variety of powdery and environmental samples to obtain a quality level adequate for these technologies still remains a technical challenge. We aimed to develop a rapid and versatile method of separating bacteria from these samples and then extracting their microbial DNA.
Bacillus atrophaeus
subsp.
globigii
was used as a simulant of
Bacillus anthracis
. We studied the effects of a broad variety of powdery and environmental samples on PCR detection and the steps required to alleviate their interference. With a benchmark DNA extraction procedure, 17 of the 23 samples investigated interfered with bacterial lysis and/or PCR-based detection. Therefore, we developed the
d
ual-filter method for
a
pplied
r
ecovery of microbial particles from
e
nvironmental and powdery samples (DARE). The DARE procedure allows the separation of bacteria from contaminating matrices that interfere with PCR detection. This procedure required only 2 min, while the DNA extraction process lasted 7 min, for a total of <10 min. This sample preparation procedure allowed the recovery of cleaned bacterial spores and relieved detection interference caused by a wide variety of samples. Our procedure was easily completed in a laboratory facility and is amenable to field application and automation.
Garvieacin Q, a Novel Class II Bacteriocin from Lactococcus garvieae BCC 43578
Authors: Tosukhowong Amonlaya , Zendo Takeshi , Visessanguan Wonnop , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Pumpuang Laphaslada , Jaresitthikunchai Janthima , Sonomoto Kenji 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Lactococcus garvieae
BCC 43578 produces a novel class II bacteriocin, garvieacin Q (GarQ), 70 amino acids in length and containing a 20-amino-acid N-terminal leader peptide. It is cleaved at the Gly-Gly site to generate the mature GarQ (5,339 Da), which is especially inhibitory against
Listeria monocytogenes
ATCC 19115 and other
L. garvieae
strains.
Construction of a Genetic Linkage Map Based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers and Development of Sequence-Tagged Site Markers for Marker-Assisted Selection of the Sporeless Trait in the Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii)
Authors: Okuda Yasuhito , Ueda Jun , Obatake Yasushi , Murakami Shigeyuki , Fukumasa Yukitaka , Matsumoto Teruyuki 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

A large number of spores from fruiting bodies can lead to allergic reactions and other problems during the cultivation of edible mushrooms, including
Pleurotus eryngii
(DC.) Quél. A cultivar harboring a sporulation-deficient (sporeless) mutation would be useful for preventing these problems, but traditional breeding requires extensive time and labor. In this study, using a sporeless
P. eryngii
strain, we constructed a genetic linkage map to introduce a molecular breeding program like marker-assisted selection. Based on the segregation of 294 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, two mating type factors, and the sporeless trait, the linkage map consisted of 11 linkage groups with a total length of 837.2 centimorgans (cM). The gene region responsible for the sporeless trait was located in linkage group IX with 32 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers and the
B
mating type factor. We also identified eight markers closely linked (within 1.2 cM) to the sporeless locus using bulked-segregant analysis-based amplified fragment length polymorphism. One such amplified fragment length polymorphism marker was converted into two sequence-tagged site markers, SD488-I and SD488-II. Using 14 wild isolates, sequence-tagged site analysis indicated the potential usefulness of the combination of two sequence-tagged site markers in cross-breeding of the sporeless strain. It also suggested that a map constructed for
P. eryngii
has adequate accuracy for marker-assisted selection.
Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Inflammation Alters the Expression of Proteins by Intestinal Escherichia coli Strains in a Gnotobiotic Mouse Model
Authors: Schumann Sara , Alpert Carl , Engst Wolfram , Loh Gunnar , Blaut Michael 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

To identify
Escherichia coli
proteins involved in adaptation to intestinal inflammation, mice were monoassociated with the colitogenic
E. coli
strain UNC or with the probiotic
E. coli
strain Nissle. Intestinal inflammation was induced by treating the mice with 3.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Differentially expressed proteins in
E. coli
strains collected from cecal contents were identified by 2-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. In both strains, acute inflammation led to the downregulation of pathways involved in carbohydrate breakdown and energy generation. Accordingly, DSS-treated mice had lower concentrations of bacterial fermentation products in their cecal contents than control mice. Differentially expressed proteins also included the Fe-S cluster repair protein NfuA, the tryptophanase TnaA, and the uncharacterized protein YggE. NfuA expression was 3-fold higher in
E. coli
strains from DSS-treated than from control mice. Reporter experiments confirmed the induction of
nfuA
in response to iron deprivation, mimicking Fe-S cluster destruction by inflammation. YggE expression, which has been reported to reduce the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species, was 4- to 8-fold higher in
E. coli
Nissle than in
E. coli
UNC. This was confirmed by
in vitro
reporter gene assays indicating that Nissle is better equipped to cope with oxidative stress than UNC. Nissle isolated from DSS-treated and control mice had TnaA levels 4- to 7-fold-higher than those of UNC. Levels of indole resulting from the TnaA reaction were higher in control animals associated with
E. coli
Nissle. Because of its anti-inflammatory effect, indole is hypothesized to be involved in the extension of the remission phase in ulcerative colitis described for
E. coli
Nissle.
Detection and Differentiation of Avian Mycoplasmas by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Based on a Silver Nanorod Array
Authors: Hennigan Suzanne L. , Driskell Jeremy D. , Ferguson-Noel Naola , Dluhy Richard A. , Zhao Yiping , Tripp Ralph A. , Krause Duncan C. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma gallisepticum
is a bacterial pathogen of poultry that is estimated to cause annual losses exceeding $780 million. The National Poultry Improvement Plan guidelines recommend regular surveillance and intervention strategies to contain
M. gallisepticum
infections and ensure mycoplasma-free avian stocks, but several factors make detection of
M. gallisepticum
and diagnosis of
M. gallisepticum
infection a major challenge. Current techniques are laborious, require special expertise, and are typically plagued by false results. In this study, we describe a novel detection strategy which uses silver nanorod array–surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (NA-SERS) for direct detection of avian mycoplasmas. As a proof of concept for use in avian diagnostics, we used NA-SERS to detect and differentiate multiple strains of avian mycoplasma species, including
Acholeplasma laidlawii
,
Mycoplasma gallinarum
,
Mycoplasma gallinaceum
,
Mycoplasma synoviae
, and
M. gallisepticum
, including vaccine strains 6/85, F, and ts-11. Chemometric multivariate analysis of spectral data was used to classify these species rapidly and accurately, with >93% sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, NA-SERS had a lower limit of detection that was 100-fold greater than that of standard PCR and comparable to that of real-time quantitative PCR. Detection of
M. gallisepticum
in choanal cleft swabs from experimentally infected birds yielded good sensitivity and specificity, suggesting that NA-SERS is applicable for clinical detection.
Rapid Genomic-Scale Analysis of Escherichia coli O104:H4 by Using High-Resolution Alternative Methods to Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Jackson Scott A. , Kotewicz Michael L. , Patel Isha R. , Lacher David W. , Gangiredla Jayanthi , Elkins Christopher A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Two technologies, involving DNA microarray and optical mapping, were used to quickly assess gene content and genomic architecture of recent emergent
Escherichia coli
O104:H4 and related strains. In real-time outbreak investigations, these technologies can provide congruent perspectives on strain, serotype, and pathotype relationships. Our data demonstrated clear discrimination between clinically, temporally, and geographically distinct O104:H4 isolates and rapid characterization of strain differences.
Engineering Platforms for Directed Evolution of Laccase from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus
Authors: Camarero S. , Pardo I. , Cañas A. I. , Molina P. , Record E. , Martínez A. T. , Martínez M. J. , Alcalde M. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

While the
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus
laccase (PcL) is one of the most promising high-redox-potential enzymes for environmental biocatalysis, its practical use has to date remained limited due to the lack of directed evolution platforms with which to improve its features. Here, we describe the construction of a PcL fusion gene and the optimization of conditions to induce its functional expression in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
, facilitating its directed evolution and semirational engineering. The native PcL signal peptide was replaced by the α-factor preproleader, and this construct was subjected to six rounds of evolution coupled to a multiscreening assay based on the oxidation of natural and synthetic redox mediators at more neutral pHs. The laccase total activity was enhanced 8,000-fold: the evolved α-factor preproleader improved secretion levels 40-fold, and several mutations in mature laccase provided a 13.7-fold increase in
k
cat
. While the pH activity profile was shifted to more neutral values, the thermostability and the broad substrate specificity of PcL were retained. Evolved variants were highly secreted by
Aspergillus niger
(∼23 mg/liter), which addresses the potential use of this combined-expression system for protein engineering. The mapping of mutations onto the PcL crystal structure shed new light on the oxidation of phenolic and nonphenolic substrates. Furthermore, some mutations arising in the evolved preproleader highlighted its potential for heterologous expression of fungal laccases in yeast (
S. cerevisiae
).