bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of chronic hemodialysis patients with low-dose fenofibrate effectively reduces plasma lipids and affects plasma redox status
Authors: Makówka Agnieszka , Dryja Przemysław , Chwatko Grażyna , Bald Edward , Nowicki Michał 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Dyslipidemia is common in chronic hemodialysis patients and its underlying mechanism is complex. Hemodialysis causes an imbalance between antioxidants and production of reactive oxygen species, which induces the oxidative stress and thereby may lead to accelerated atherosclerosis. Statins have been found to be little effective in end-stage kidney disease and other lipid-lowering therapies have been only scarcely studied. The study aimed to assess the effect of low-dose fenofibrate therapy on plasma lipids and redox status in long-term hemodialysis patients with mild hypertriglyceridemia.
Twenty seven chronic hemodialysis patients without any lipid-lowering therapy were included in a double-blind crossover, placebo-controlled study. The patients were randomized into two groups and were given a sequence of either 100 mg of fenofibrate per each hemodialysis day for 4 weeks or placebo with a week-long wash-out period between treatment periods. Plasma lipids, high sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), urea, creatinine, electrolytes, phosphocreatine kinase (CK), GOT, GPT and plasma thiols (total and free glutathione, homocysteine, cysteine and cysteinylglycine) were measured at baseline and after each of the study periods. Plasma aminothiols were measured by reversed phase HPLC with thiol derivatization with 2-chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate.
Fenofibrate therapy caused a significant decrease of total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and an increase of HDL cholesterol. The treatment was well tolerated with no side-effects but there was a small but significant increase of CK not exceeding the upper limit of normal range. There were no changes of serum CRP, potassium, urea, and creatinine and liver enzymes during the treatment. Neither total nor total free cysteinylglycine and cysteine changed during the study but both total and free glutathione increased during the therapy with fenofibrate and the same was observed in case of plasma homocysteine.
The study shows that a treatment with reduced fenofibrate dose is safe and effective in reducing serum triglycerides and cholesterol in chronic dialysis patients and may shift plasma aminothiol balance towards a more antioxidative pattern.
Decreased MHC I expression in IFN gamma mutant mice alters synaptic elimination in the spinal cord after peripheral injury
Authors: Victório Sheila CS , Cartarozzi Luciana P , Hell Rafaela CR , Oliveira Alexandre LR 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression in the central nervous system (CNS) regulates synaptic plasticity events during development and adult life. Its upregulation may be associated with events such as axotomy, cytokine exposition and changes in neuron electrical activity. Since IFNγ is a potent inducer of the MHC I expression, the present work investigated the importance of this pro-inflammatory cytokine in the synaptic elimination process in the spinal cord, as well as the motor recovery of IFN−/−, following peripheral injury.

Methods
The lumbar spinal cords of C57BL/6J (wild type) and IFNγ−/− (mutant) mice, subjected to unilateral sciatic nerve transection, were removed and processed for immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR, while the sciatic nerves from animals subjected to unilateral crush, were submitted to immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy for counting of the axons. Gait recovery was monitored using the Cat Walk system. Newborn mice astrocyte primary cultures were established in order to study the astrocytic respose in the absence of the IFNγ expression.

Results
IFNγ−/− mutant mice showed a decreased expression of MHC I and β2-microglobulin mRNA coupled with reduced synaptophysin immunolabelling in the lesioned spinal cord segment. Following unilateral nerve transection, the Iba-1 (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1) and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) reactivities increased equally in both strains. In vitro, the astrocytes demonstrated similar GFAP levels, but the proliferation rate was higher in the wild type mice. In the crushed nerves (distal stump), neurofilaments and p75NTR immunolabeling were upregulated in the mutant mice as compared to the wild type and an improvement in locomotor recovery was observed.

Conclusion
The present results show that a lack of IFNγ affects the MHC I expression and the synaptic elimination process in the spinal cord. Such changes, however, do not delay peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury.
Microarray-based uncovering reference genes for quantitative real time PCR in grapevine under abiotic stress
Authors: Coito João L , Rocheta Margarida , Carvalho Luísa , Amâncio Sara 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction is becoming the primary tool for detecting mRNA and transcription data analysis as it shows to have advantages over other more commonly used techniques. Nevertheless, it also presents a few shortcomings, with the most import being the need for data normalisation, usually with a reference gene. Therefore the choice of the reference gene(s) is of great importance for correct data analysis. Microarray data, when available, can be of great assistance when choosing reference genes. Grapevine was submitted to water stress and heat stress as well as a combination of both to test the stability of the possible reference genes.

Results
Using the analysis of microarray data available for grapevine, six possible reference genes were selected for RT-qPCR validation: PADCP, ubiq, TIF, TIF-GTP, VH1-IK, aladin-related. Two additional genes that are commonly used as reference genes were included: act and L2. The stability of those genes was tested in leaves of grapevine in both field plants and in greenhouse plants under water or heat stress or a combination of both. Gene stability was analyzed with the softwares GeNorm, NormFinder and the ΔCq method resulting in several combinations of reference genes suitable for data normalisation. In order to assess the best combination, the reference genes were tested in putative stress marker genes (PCO, Galsynt, BKCoAS and HSP17) also chosen from the same microarray, in water stress, heat stress and the combination of both.

Conclusions
Each method selected different gene combinations (PADCP + act, TIF + TIF-GTP and ubiq + act). However, as none of the combinations diverged significantly from the others used to normalize the expression of the putative stress marker genes, then any combination is suitable for data normalisation under the conditions tested. Here we prove the accuracy of choosing grapevine reference genes for RT-qPCR through a microarray analysis.
Inducible Cre transgenic mouse strain for skeletal muscle-specific gene targeting
Authors: McCarthy John J , Srikuea Ratchakrit , Kirby Tyler J , Peterson Charlotte A , Esser Karyn A 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
The use of the Cre/loxP system for gene targeting has been proven to be a powerful tool for understanding gene function. The purpose of this study was to create and characterize an inducible, skeletal muscle-specific Cre transgenic mouse strain.

Methods
To achieve skeletal muscle-specific expression, the human α-skeletal actin promoter was used to drive expression of a chimeric Cre recombinase containing two mutated estrogen receptor ligand-binding domains.

Results
Western blot analysis, PCR and β-galactosidase staining confirmed that Cre-mediated recombination was restricted to limb and craniofacial skeletal muscles only after tamoxifen administration.

Conclusions
A transgenic mouse was created that allows inducible, gene targeting of floxed genes in adult skeletal muscle of different developmental origins. This new mouse will be of great utility to the skeletal muscle community.
REVIEWS
Authors: Menter Ian , Peterson Andrew , Snelson Helen 
Published: May 2012

FUTURE CITIZENS: 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE, KRZYWOSZ-RYHNKIEWICZ, B, ZALEWSKA, A. AND OSS, (EDS) (2010) Krakow: Impuls ISBN: 978 83 7587 431 0, h/bk, €14.27
What’s Fair? Young Europeans’ Constructions of Equity, Altruism and Self-Interest, Ross, A.
and Dooly, M. (eds) (2010) Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Press ISBN: 978 84 608 1112 1, p/bk, £20
THEIR HOPES, FEARS AND REALITY: WORKING WITH CHILDREN AND YOUTH FOR THE FUTURE, M. DOOLY, PETER BERG (2010) ISBN: 978 3 0343 0441 2, Oxford: Peter Lang, p/bk, £41.80
CHILDREN
AS DECISION MAKERS IN EDUCATION: SHARING EXPERIENCES ACROSS CULTURES, SUE COX, ANNA ROBINSON-PANT, CAROLINE DYER AND MICHELE SCHWEISFURTH (EDS) (2010) Continuum, London, 180 pp., ISBN: 978-0-8264-2548-5, h/bk, £70
TEACHING HISTORY: DEVELOPING AS A REFLECTIVE SECONDARY TEACHER, IAN
PHILLIPS (2008) London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 288 pp., ISBN: 978-1412947916, p/bk, £24.99
REVIEWS
Authors: Bascombe Carla , Cookson Mary 
Published: May 2012

THE CARIBBEAN SHORTSTORY: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES, LUCY EVANS, MARK MCWATT AND EMMA SMITH (EDS) (2011) Leeds: Peepal Tree Press, 356 pp., ISBN 9781845231262, p/bk, £19.99
BESTEUROPEAN FICTION 2011, ALEXSANDAR HEMON (ED.), PREFACE BY COLUM MCCANN (2010) Champaign, London and Dublin:
Dalkey Archive Press, 511 pp., ISBN 978-1-56478-600-5, p/bk, £10.37
Bridling Central Tyranny in India
Authors: Sadanandan Anoop 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Successive national governments in India have invoked an emergency constitutional provision to impose direct central rule in states over 100 times since 1950. However, such central government usurpation of state governance has declined since the mid-1990s. This essay demonstrates how India's regional parties, by entering into opportunistic alliances with national parties and joining coalition central governments, have become effective barriers against central dominance. It also identifies the specific dynamics through which this effective veto power is exercised.
The “Right” Kind of Welfare in South India's Urban Slums
Authors: Chidambaram Soundarya 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This article examines the appeal of Hindu right-wing social service organizations, which try to use welfare provisions to entrench themselves in urban slums across India. However, in South India, their welfare provision is not as successful in Tamil Nadu as in Karnataka. I explain this spatial variation by arguing that these communal organizations fail to entrench themselves in those slums where preexisting civic associations closely linked to party officials and local administrators function as efficient patronage networks, providing welfare needs to the urban poor and reducing the need for non-state actors such as right-wing groups.
The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same in India
Authors: Kailash K. K. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper examines “no opinion” and “don't know” responses in the National Election Study 2004. Comparing responses on social and political questions, it finds that the marginalized sectors of society are more likely to be socially opinionated than to express substantive political opinions. This paradox might explain why the so-called “democratic upsurge” did not produce radical political transformation in India.
Political Society, Civil Society, and the State in India
Authors: Elliott Carolyn 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This article is an ethnography portraying the processual and performative dimensions of the 2009 state assembly election in Andhra Pradesh. It shows how upper castes have persisted in power in a multicaste and increasingly democratic society through the distribution of welfare and patronage benefits to more marginalized segments of society. Conceptually, it argues for the importance of “political society” over “civil society,” when examining state-society relations in neoliberal, democratic India.
Political Quotas in India
Authors: Jensenius Francesca Refsum 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
India has had political quotas for Scheduled Castes (SCs) since 1950. Using the 2004 National Election Study, this paper finds that neither SCs nor non-SCs feel that their vote is more/less efficacious living in SC constituencies. Yet, some evidence is found in this study that SCs are approached for their vote more often in SC constituencies. Overall, this suggests that quotas are neither associated with a strong positive reaction among SC voters nor a strong negative reaction among non-SC voters.
The Caste-Class Association in India
Authors: Vaid Divya 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper empirically analyzes the association between caste and class in India. I find a tentative congruence between castes and classes at the extremes of the caste system and a slight weakening in this association over time. Although Scheduled Castes have low upward mobility, higher castes are not entirely protected from downward mobility.
Participation des mères au marché du travail et disponibilité locale des services collectifs de garde d'enfants. Application au Luxembourg
Authors: Bousselin Audrey , Ray Jean-Claude 
Published: May 2012

Résumé L’objet de cet article est d’analyser le rôle de l’offre locale de modes de garde collectifs sur la participation des mères au marché du travail. Nous utilisons un modèle probit bivarié pour expliquer simultanément la probabilité de travailler et la probabilité de recours à la garde collective. Les principaux résultats soulignent qu’une hausse de la disponibilité locale des modes de garde d’enfants a un effet positif sur la participation des mères au marché du travail et leur recours à la garde collective ; l’utilisation de cas types de mères suggère que l’ampleur de cet effet n’est pas négligeable.
Effet de la dynamique des revenus professionnels des conjoints sur la dynamique matrimoniale au Luxembourg
Authors: Bodson Lucile , Kuépié Mathias 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cet article porte sur l’effet des revenus du travail sur la stabilité conjugale. Partant des données du panel luxembourgeois collectées dans les années 1980-1990, nous essayons d’appréhender l’impact des revenus de chaque conjoint et l’impact des variations de revenu au cours du temps sur le risque de rupture d’union (mariage et union libre). Les résultats mettent en évidence une asymétrie de l’impact des dynamiques de revenu selon le genre : quand les revenus varient en faveur des femmes, le risque de rupture s’accroît tandis que, lorsque les revenus d’activité des hommes augmentent, on observe le phénomène inverse. Ces résultats ne sont pas spécifiques au Luxembourg, mais ont également été mis en évidence dans plusieurs pays européens.
Les parents sont-ils vraiment si peu altruistes ?
Authors: Wolff François-Charles 
Published: May 2012

Résumé En France, les différents travaux qui ont étudié les motivations des parents lorsque ces derniers versent de l’argent à leurs enfants n’apparaissent pas favorables à l’hypothèse d’altruisme. Cet article reconsidère cette question en soulignant l’importance de la mesure des transferts privés. Les prédictions du modèle altruiste sont testées à partir de l’enquête « Conditions de vie des étudiants » réalisée en 2006. Les différents résultats économétriques révèlent que les aides versées par les parents sont d’autant plus importantes que les étudiants disposent de peu de ressources. Pour les étudiants ne vivant plus chez leurs parents, une hausse d’un euro de leur revenu diminue de près de 30 centimes le montant reçu des parents. Ces résultats indiquent que les parents prennent bien en compte la situation de leurs enfants lorsque ces derniers sont peu fortunés.
Une analyse microéconomique du gage patrimonial dans l'aide aux personnes dépendantes
Authors: P. Thiébaut Sophie , Ventelou Bruno , García-Peñalosa Cecilia , Trannoy Alain 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cet article étudie les tenants d’une possible réforme de l’allocation personnalisée d’autonomie ( apa ), réforme qui viserait à récupérer sur la succession une partie des fonds versés aux personnes dépendantes. Dans ce but, nous développons un modèle théorique de transfert intergénérationnel en individualisant les décisions des deux membres d’une famille, un parent dépendant et un enfant aidant informel potentiel. Le parent décide du niveau d’aide formelle qu’il désire acheter sur le marché des services à la personne, tandis que l’enfant choisit le nombre d’heures qu’il veut consacrer à son parent, le long de la fonction de réponse du parent (enfant « leader »). Le modèle est résolu pour trois cas : absence d’altruisme, transfert post-mortem (vers un enfant ou un conjoint) et altruisme ascendant. Il est montré que le gage patrimonial incite l’enfant-égoïste à aider plus. Les variantes où sont introduites différentes formes d’altruisme (descendant et ascendant) portent néanmoins le message d’une réforme qui s’avère nettement plus ambiguë.
Effect of Voltage and Exposure Time on Fish Response to Electrosedation
Authors: Trushenski Jesse T. , Bowker James D. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Chemical sedatives requiring withdrawal (period of time where fish are held posttreatment to allow for tissue drug residues to dissipate) may be impractical for field use. As a result, fisheries professionals are beginning to investigate alternative methods that allow fish to be released immediately after treatment. To address the safety and efficacy of electrosedation as an “immediate-release” sedative approach, induction, recovery times, and blood chemistry of juvenile (211 ± 4 g, 26.1 ± 0.1 cm total length [mean ± SE]) hybrid striped bass (female Morone chrysops × male M. saxatilis) were evaluated after sedation by exposure to 100, 150, or 200 V of pulsed direct current (30 Hz and 25% duty cycle) for 4 or 8 s. All fish were sedated to stage IV sedation within 0.3 min, regardless of voltage strength or exposure time. Recovery times varied significantly by the electrosedation treatment used, but all fish recovered within 2 min postinduction. Changes in blood chemistry were consistent with an acute stress response, but these effects were transient and no differences were observed among the electrosedation treatments. Results suggest that pulsed direct current electrosedation is an effective strategy for quickly and easily sedating juvenile hybrid striped bass and potentially other species of conservation or management concern.
Botulinum Toxin Type-A Toxinactivity in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Proietti Silvia , Nardicchi Vincenza , Porena Massimo , Giannantoni Antonella 
Published: May 2012

Aim of the study Botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) has been recently used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia due to its apoptotic activity on prostatic epithelium but few data exist on this issue in prostate cancer. Also no information exist on the eventual modulation exerted by the neurotoxin on Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) expression in prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of BoNT/A on cell growth and expression of PLA2 in prostate cancer lines. Materials and Methods PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines were exposed to BoNT/A (Xeomin®), different doses and time of exposure. Presence of SV2 receptors (SV2-A and SV2-B) for the neurotoxin was also investigated. The expression of P-Ser505-cPLA2-α (phosphorylated enzyme) was performed immunofluorescence. Results After 96 hours of BoNT/A administration a 20% reduction of cell growth in LNCaP and 25% in PC-3 were observed. SV-2 receptors were expressed in both cell lines. No cPLA2–α total expression was found in LnCaP. In PC-3 there was a high expression of cPLA2–α total which was not modified after BoNT/A treatment. In both LNCap and PC-3 the expression of P-Ser505-cPLA2-α (phosphorylated enzyme) increases significantly after treatment with [10 U/ml] of BoNT/A. Conclusions LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines are sensitive to treatment with BoNT/A which probably enters the cells by SV2 receptors. The increase in the phosphorylated form of cPLA2-a, induced by BoNT/A may represent one mechanism by which the toxin reduces cell growth and proliferation.
Em torno da questão da verdade (On the question of the truth) - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n25p12
Authors: Manzatto Antonio 
Published: May 2012

A questão sobre a verdade, se não for bem colocada, pode dificultar o encontro e o diálogo entre teologia e literatura. A elaboração da ficção não é necessariamente distanciamento da verdade, nem o discurso teológico é o único verdadeiro. A metafísica tradicional já afirmava o belo e o verdadeiro como transcendentais. Hoje, mesmo em ciências, debate-se sobre a compreensão da verdade uma vez que tal conceito não é simples nem unívoco. Reconhecendo que há diversas ordens de verdade e diferentes caminhos para atingi-la, o texto enfoca as distintas maneiras de se colocar o problema da verdade em literatura e em teologia, mas de maneira a facilitar um real diálogo entre elas mostrando, por uma rápida referência aos estudos bíblicos, que tal diálogo é possível e mesmo desejável. Ali, não há que se opor, por exemplo, a verdade histórica à verdade literária, que é aquela apresentada pelo texto, mas busca-se alcançar a “verdade de salvação”, aquela que vai se relacionar de maneira mais direta com a fé.Palavras-Chave: Verdade. Teologia e Literatura. Narração. Estética. História. AbstractThe question about the truth becomes difficult the dialogue between theology and literature. The development of fiction does not mean a separation of the truth. In turn, the theological discourse is not the only true. Traditional metaphysics has already affirmed the beautiful and the true as a transcendental. Nowadays, even in science, there is a debate about the understanding of the truth since this concept is not simple, nor univocal. The text recognizes that there are several orders of truth and also different ways to achieve it. In other words, the paper looks at different ways of putting the question of truth in literature and in theology, aiming to facilitate the dialogue between them.Keywords: Truth. Theology and Literature. Narration. Aesthetics. History.- DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n25p12