bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meat supplementation increases arm muscle area in Kenyan schoolchildren
Authors: Neumann Charlotte G. , Jiang Luohua , Weiss Robert E. , Grillenberger Monika , Gewa Constance A. , Siekmann Jonathan H. , Murphy Suzanne P. , Bwibo Nimrod O. 
Published: August 2012

The present study examines the effect of animal-source-food (ASF) intake on arm muscle area growth as part of a larger study examining causal links between ASF intake, growth rate, physical activity, cognitive function and micronutrient status in Kenyan schoolchildren. This randomised, controlled feeding intervention study was designed with three isoenergetic feeding interventions of meat, milk, and plain traditional vegetable stew (githeri), and a control group receiving no snack. A total of twelve elementary schools were randomly assigned to interventions, with three schools per group, and two cohorts of 518 and 392 schoolchildren were enrolled 1 year apart. Children in each cohort were given feedings at school and studied for three school terms per year over 2 years, a total of 9 months per year: cohort I from 1998 to 2000 and cohort II from 1999 to 2001. Food intake was assessed by 24 h recall every 1–2 months and biochemical analysis for micronutrient status conducted annually (in cohort I only). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, triceps skinfold (TSF) and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC). Mid-upper-arm muscle area (MAMA) and mid-upper-arm fat area (MAFA) were calculated. The two cohorts were combined for analyses. The meat group showed the steepest rates of gain in MUAC and MAMA over time, and the milk group showed the next largest significant MUAC and MAMA gain compared with the plaingitheriand control groups (P< 0·05). The meat group showed the least increase in TSF and MAFA of all groups. These findings have implications for increasing micronutrient intake and lean body mass in primary schoolchildren consuming vegetarian diets.
PURE-INJECTIVES RELATIVE TO A COTORSION PAIR: APPLICATIONS
Authors: ESTRADA SERGIO , GUIL ASENSIO PEDRO A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFinitely accessible categories naturally arise in the context of the classical theory of purity. In this paper we generalise the notion of purity for a more general class and introduce techniques to study such classes in terms of indecomposable pure injectives related to a new notion of purity. We apply our results in the study of the class of flat quasi-coherent sheaves on an arbitrary scheme.
COMPOSITION OPERATORS ON FINITE RANK MODEL SUBSPACES
Authors: MASHREGHI JAVAD , SHABANKHAH MAHMOOD 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe give a complete description of bounded composition operators on model subspaces KB, where B is a finite Blaschke product. In particular, if B has at least one finite pole, we show that the collection of all bounded composition operators on KB has a group structure. Moreover, if B has at least two distinct finite poles, this group is finite and cyclic.
EXPONENTIAL POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION OF WEIGHTED BANACH SPACE ON ℝn
Authors: YANG XIANGDONG 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNecessary and sufficient conditions for the incompleteness of exponential system in Cα are characterised, where Cα is the weighted Banach space of complex continuous functions f defined on ℝn with f(t)exp(−α(t)) vanishing at infinity in the uniform norm.
FINITE DOMINATION AND NOVIKOV RINGS. ITERATIVE APPROACH
Authors: HÜTTEMANN THOMAS , QUINN DAVID 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSuppose C is a bounded chain complex of finitely generated free modules over the Laurent polynomial ring L = R[x,x−1]. Then C is R-finitely dominated, i.e. homotopy equivalent over R to a bounded chain complex of finitely generated projective R-modules if and only if the two chain complexes C ⊗LR((x)) and C ⊗LR((x−1)) are acyclic, as has been proved by Ranicki (A. Ranicki, Finite domination and Novikov rings, Topology34(3) (1995), 619–632). Here R((x)) = R[[x]][x−1] and R((x−1)) = R[[x−1]][x] are rings of the formal Laurent series, also known as Novikov rings. In this paper, we prove a generalisation of this criterion which allows us to detect finite domination of bounded below chain complexes of projective modules over Laurent rings in several indeterminates.
GRADED MORITA EQUIVALENCES FOR GEOMETRIC AS-REGULAR ALGEBRAS
Authors: MORI IZURU , UEYAMA KENTA 
Published: August 2012

AbstractClassification of AS-regular algebras is one of the major projects in non-commutative algebraic geometry. In this paper, we will study when given AS-regular algebras are graded Morita equivalent. In particular, for every geometric AS-regular algebra A, we define another graded algebra A, and show that if two geometric AS-regular algebras A and A' are graded Morita equivalent, then A and A' are isomorphic as graded algebras. We also show that the converse holds in many three-dimensional cases. As applications, we apply our results to Frobenius Koszul algebras and Beilinson algebras.
ON SELF-INTERSECTION INVARIANTS
Authors: GRANT MARK 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe prove that the Hatcher–Quinn and Wall invariants of a self-transverse immersion f: Nn ↬ M2n coincide. That is, we construct an isomorphism between their target groups, which carries one onto the other. We also employ methods of normal bordism theory to investigate the Hatcher–Quinn invariant of an immersion f: Nn ↬ M2n−1.
SUMS OF WEIGHTED COMPOSITION OPERATORS ON COP
Authors: IZUCHI KEI JI , IZUCHI KOU HEI , IZUCHI YUKO 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLet COP =0∩H∞, where0is the little Bloch space on the open unit disk, andA() be the disk algebra on. For non-zero functionsu1,u2,. . .,uN∈A() and distinct analytic self-maps ϕ1,ϕ2,. . .,ϕNsatisfying ϕj∈A() and ∥ϕj∥∞=1 for everyj, it is given characterisations of which the sum of weighted composition operators ∑Nj=1ujCϕjmaps COP intoA().
K-ENVELOPES FOR REAL INTERPOLATION METHODS
Authors: FAN MING 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we study the K-envelopes of the real interpolation methods with function space parameters in the sense of Brudnyi and Kruglyak [Y. A. Brudnyi and N. Ja. Kruglyak, Interpolation functors and interpolation spaces (North-Holland, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1991)]. We estimate the upper bounds of the K-envelopes and the interpolation norms of bounded operators for the KΦ-methods in terms of the fundamental function of the rearrangement invariant space related to the function space parameter Φ. The results concerning the quasi-power parameters and the growth/continuity envelopes in function spaces are obtained.
SOCIABILITY, POLITENESS, AND ARISTOCRATIC SELF-FORMATION IN THE LIFE AND CAREER OF THE SECOND EARL OF SHELBURNE
Authors: KLEIN LAWRENCE E. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe second earl of Shelburne is well known for his association with reform initiatives in the second half of the eighteenth century. However, he also put conspicuous effort into strengthening his aristocratic credentials and status. One noteworthy feature of this was his politeness: he aimed at personal cultivation, a goal in itself and a foundation for leadership in society; he also had a reputation for politeness in everyday social situations. One context for Shelburne's conspicuous politeness was his personal need to overcome a number of impediments to asserting aristocratic status. However, another context was his effort to articulate a vocation for the modern aristocrat. For Shelburne, polite sociability was a way for the aristocrat to gather, organize, and deploy creative energies in society for the sake of improvement and reform. Though a particular example, Shelburne illustrates the energy that asserting aristocratic status could demand and the sort of modernity that could be claimed on behalf of aristocracy. Finally, Shelburne demonstrates the role of politeness in aristocratic formation: in particular, he shows how aristocratic engagement in contemporary society entailed a range of social relations which polite competence helped to manage.
MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ON THE PRETERM AND TERM BIRTH WEIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS IN GREECE USING QUANTILE REGRESSION
Authors: VERROPOULOU GEORGIA , TSIMBOS CLEON 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe present study aims at modelling the effects of maternal socio-demographic characteristics on the birth weight distribution in Greece. The analysis is based on nationwide vital registration micro-data; 103,266 single live births recorded in 2006 are considered. Quantile regression models, allowing for the effects of covariates to vary across the conditional distribution of the dependent variable, birth weight, are applied to preterm and term births separately. The statistical analysis shows that the effects of most factors differentiate across the birth weight distributions. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) coefficients, on the other hand, systematically underestimate effects at the lower tail and overestimate effects among heavier babies. Hence, quantile regression has a strong advantage over the OLS method. The findings also indicate that birth weight distributions of term and preterm infants are distinct and should be analysed separately. For both distributions female sex, primiparity, age of mother over 35 and prior history of stillbirths and child deaths are related to lower birth weight while higher educational attainment has a protective effect. Among term births, illegitimacy, living in big metropolitan areas and immigrant status of the mother are also significant predictors. For preterm births the impact of age of mother, parity and, in particular, prior stillbirths or deceased children is very pronounced.
HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN IN ETHIOPIA: DO MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS MATTER?
Authors: KEDIR SEID ABDU 
Published: August 2012

SummaryIn Ethiopia, despite some recent improvements, the health and nutritional status of children is very poor. A better understanding of the main socioeconomic determinants of child health and nutrition is essential to address the problem and make appropriate interventions. In the present study, an attempt is made to explore the effect of maternal characteristics on the health and nutritional status of under-five children using the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The health and nutritional status of children are measured using the two widely used anthropometric indicators height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ). In the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation, it is observed that maternal characteristics have a significant impact on child health and nutritional status. The magnitudes of the coefficients, however, are found to slightly increase when maternal education is instrumented in the 2SLS estimation. Moreover, in the quantile regression (QR) estimation, the impacts of maternal characteristics are observed to vary between long-term and current child health and nutritional status.
Socio-economic disparities in the consumption of vegetables, fruit and energy-dense foods: the role of motive priorities
Authors: Konttinen Hanna , Sarlio-Lähteenkorva Sirpa , Silventoinen Karri , Männistö Satu , Haukkala Ari 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveA low socio-economic status (SES) is related to less healthy dietary habits, but the reasons for this remain unclear. We examined whether the absolute or relative importance of various food choice motives contributed to SES disparities in vegetable/fruit and energy-dense food intake.DesignWe analysed cross-sectional data from the FINRISK Study 2007 by means of structural equation modelling and used a shortened version of the Food Choice Questionnaire to assess the absolute importance of health, pleasure, convenience, price, familiarity and ethicality motives. We calculated the relative importance of each motive by dividing the participant's rating of it by his/her mean score on all motives. Dietary intake was measured with an FFQ.SettingA population-based survey in Finland.SubjectsMen (n 1691) and women (n 2059) aged 25–64 years.ResultsHigher education and income were related to a greater vegetable/fruit intake (β = 0·12, P < 0·001), while education was associated negatively with the consumption of energy-dense foods (β = −0·09, P < 0·001). Socio-economically disadvantaged individuals considered price and/or familiarity more important in their food choices in both absolute and relative terms. A higher income was related to a greater relative importance of health considerations. Relative motives were more strongly associated with vegetable/fruit and energy-dense food consumption than absolute motives and the relative importance of price, familiarity and health partly mediated the effects of the SES indicators on the consumption of these food items.ConclusionsIndividual priorities in food choice motives, rather than the absolute importance of single motives, play a role in producing SES disparities in diet.
Measures of phylogenetic differentiation provide robust and complementary insights into microbial communities
Authors: Parks Donovan H , Beiko Robert G 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
High-throughput sequencing techniques have made large-scale spatial and temporal surveys of microbial communities routine. Gaining insight into microbial diversity requires methods for effectively analyzing and visualizing these extensive data sets. Phylogenetic β-diversity measures address this challenge by allowing the relationship between large numbers of environmental samples to be explored using standard multivariate analysis techniques. Despite the success and widespread use of phylogenetic β-diversity measures, an extensive comparative analysis of these measures has not been performed. Here, we compare 39 measures of phylogenetic β diversity in order to establish the relative similarity of these measures along with key properties and performance characteristics. While many measures are highly correlated, those commonly used within microbial ecology were found to be distinct from those popular within classical ecology, and from the recently recommended Gower and Canberra measures. Many of the measures are surprisingly robust to different rootings of the gene tree, the choice of similarity threshold used to define operational taxonomic units, and the presence of outlying basal lineages. Measures differ considerably in their sensitivity to rare organisms, and the effectiveness of measures can vary substantially under alternative models of differentiation. Consequently, the depth of sequencing required to reveal underlying patterns of relationships between environmental samples depends on the selected measure. Our results demonstrate that using complementary measures of phylogenetic β diversity can further our understanding of how communities are phylogenetically differentiated. Open-source software implementing the phylogenetic β-diversity measures evaluated in this manuscript is available at http://kiwi.cs.dal.ca/Software/ExpressBetaDiversity.
HELIOS: A helium line-ratio spectral-monitoring diagnostic used to generate high resolution profiles near the ion cyclotron resonant heating antenna on TEXTOR
Authors: Unterberg E. A. , Schmitz O. , Fehling D. H. , Stoschus H. , Klepper C. C. , Muñoz-Burgos J. M. , Van Wassenhove G. , Hillis D. L. 
Published: August 2012

Radial profiles of electron temperature and density are measured at high spatial (∼1 mm) and temporal (⩾10 μs) resolution using a thermal supersonic helium jet. A highly accurate detection system is applied to well-developed collisional-radiative model codes to produce the profiles. Agreement between this measurement and an edge Thomson scattering measurement is found to be within the error bars (≲20%). The diagnostic is being used to give profiles near the ion cyclotron resonant heating antenna on TEXTOR to better understand RF coupling to the core.
Investigation on the magnetic and electrical properties of fluorine-doped magnetites
Authors: Gao Lei , Li Ran , Chen Qianwang 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A fluorine-doped magnetite was synthesized using ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) powder and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) as starting materials by a hydrothermal method and by subsequently annealing in vacuum atmosphere at 1450 °C. The content of fluorine dopants was measured by x-ray electron spectroscopy. When an oxygen atom was replaced by a fluorine atom, it would introduce one excess electron to reduce an Fe3+ ion to an Fe2+ ion in a tetrahedral A site for charge compensation, leading to a large variation in magnetic and electrical properties. The appearance of Fe2+ ions in the tetrahedral A sites caused a decrease in the spin magnetic moment, resulting in an increase in the Landé g-factor between 110 and 200 K, and the magnetic susceptibility in the range 10–350 K. At the same time, the electrons of the Fe2+ ions in A sites may escape and turn into new carriers in the presence of an electrical bias field, resulting in a reduction in the resistance of the fluorine-doped magnetite from 30 to 292 K.
Driving frequency dependence of capacitively coupled plasmas in atmospheric argon
Authors: Atanasova M , Sobota A , Brok W , Degrez G , van der Mullen J J A M 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The role of the driving field frequency f
d of a cool atmospheric plasma (CAP) is investigated for values around

using a two-dimensional fluid numerical model applied to a parallel plate configuration. It is found that keeping the voltage constant the current amplitude roughly scales with

; a tendency that can be understood using a RC circuit model of the plasma-sheath configuration. Moreover, it is seen that the electron density increases faster than the density of the excited species. This implies that plasma heating will increase relatively more than plasma reactivity so that the basic feature of the CAP, to be cool and reactive, will weaken for increasing f
d-values.
Nanoscale rotational deformation near crack tips in nanocrystalline solids
Authors: Ovid'ko I A , Sheinerman A G 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A special physical micromechanism of plastic flow in pre-cracked nanocrystalline solids is suggested and theoretically described. The micromechanism represents the fast nanoscale rotational deformation (NRD) occurring through collective events of ideal nanoscale shear near crack tips. We calculated the stress and energy characteristics of the NRD. It has been found that such rotational deformation can effectively occur near crack tips and enhance fracture toughness of nanocrystalline materials. Our theoretical model accounts for the in situ experimental observations (Ke et al 1995 Nanostruct. Mater.

5 689, Shan et al 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett.

100 105502, Cheng et al 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett.

104 255501, Liu et al 2011 Scripta Mater.

64 343) of crystal lattice rotations within nanoscale grains and formation of modulated/agglomerated grain structures near crack tips in deformed nanocrystalline solids with finest grains.
Growth of nanocomposite films from accelerated C60 ions
Authors: Pukha V E , Zubarev E N , Drozdov A N , Pugachov A T , Jeong S H , Nam S C 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
A beam of accelerated C60 ions is used to deposit superhard (∼50 GPa) carbon films that exhibit high index plasticity (∼0.13–0.14) and high conductivity (up to 3000 S m−1). Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are subsequently used to study the microstructure and bond character of the deposited films. The films consist of textured graphite nanocrystals and diamond-like amorphous carbon (DLC). The graphene plane of the nanocrystals is aligned perpendicular to the film surface. It is shown that sp2 bonds dominate in the films. The percentage of sp3 bonds depends on the ion energy and the substrate temperature, and does not exceed 40%. The obtained results suggest that a new nanocomposite material consisting of oriented graphite nanocrystals reinforced by a DLC matrix is synthesized. A simple model is proposed to correlate the excellent mechanical properties with the observed structure.
Dielectric properties and spectroscopy of large-aspect-ratio ferroelectric thin-film heterostructures
Authors: Narayanan Manoj , Balachandran Uthamalingam , Stoupin Stanislav , Ma Beihai , Tong Sheng , Chao Sheng , Liu Shanshan 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
High energy density and breakdown/operating voltages with lower dielectric film thickness and manufacturing cost are the necessary traits in futuristic capacitors for a variety of applications. Prior studies have reported the successful fabrication of high-k, thin-film ferroelectrics with aspect ratios (diameter/thickness) <1000; however, devices with aspect ratios >104–105 are necessary to meet the large-capacitive requirements in pulsed-power applications such as the inverters in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). It is also widely accepted that the breakdown field of thin films decreases logarithmically with an increase in the aspect ratio (area) due to the increased probability of producing a defect spot. These observations raise an important question: can we fabricate ferroelectric high-k film capacitors that have large aspect ratio and can sustain high fields? Here we report the fabrication and characterization of Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 thin-film capacitors with aspect ratios >104 that can be operated at ∼1 MV cm−1 and are suitable for embedded passives in HEVs. Dielectric spectroscopy showed a low-frequency anomalous relaxation behaviour in large-aspect-ratio heterostructure, which was analysed and interpreted using an equivalent circuit model. The measured anomalous relaxation behaviour was de-convoluted using the model to obtain the actual material response. High capacitances (1–5 µF) and energy densities of (∼9 J cm−3) were routinely measured in these high-aspect-ratio films.
SKEMPI: a Structural Kinetic and Energetic database of Mutant Protein Interactions and its use in empirical models
Authors: Moal Iain H. , Fernández-Recio Juan 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Empirical models for the prediction of how changes in sequence alter protein–protein binding kinetics and thermodynamics can garner insights into many aspects of molecular biology. However, such models require empirical training data and proper validation before they can be widely applied. Previous databases contained few stabilizing mutations and no discussion of their inherent biases or how this impacts model construction or validation.
Results: We present SKEMPI, a database of 3047 binding free energy changes upon mutation assembled from the scientific literature, for protein–protein heterodimeric complexes with experimentally determined structures. This represents over four times more data than previously collected. Changes in 713 association and dissociation rates and 127 enthalpies and entropies were also recorded. The existence of biases towards specific mutations, residues, interfaces, proteins and protein families is discussed in the context of how the data can be used to construct predictive models. Finally, a cross-validation scheme is presented which is capable of estimating the efficacy of derived models on future data in which these biases are not present.
Availability: The database is available online at http://life.bsc.es/pid/mutation_database/
Contact: juanf@bsc.es
Adam and Eve’s Shame (And Ours)
Authors: Ward Graham 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Literature and theology creates a specific interdisciplinary ‘scene’. Over recent years both disciplines have also hosted a wide range of other intellectual sources that have demonstrated the permeability of disciplinary boundaries. This essay explores this permeability by bringing together a theological analysis of shame in the biblical account of Adam and Eve, with the work of affect theory and a reading of shame in Flaubert’s Madame Bovary. The essay concludes, on the basis of the interdisciplinary exercise, with a reflection on the relationship between writing and shame, and the fears that lurk in interdisciplinary engagement. It suggests that the Journal itself has done much to mitigate the shadow and shame of dilettantism associated with interdisciplinary work.