bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal wildfire aerosols in Southeast Asia and Southern China disrupt the Hadley circulation
Authors: Lee Seoung Soo , Kim Go-Un , Choi Jinho , Seo Kyong-Hwan , Choi Yong-Sang , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Lau William , Wang Yuan , Penner Joyce , Um Junshik , Jung Chang Hoon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The impact of wildfires on the economy, climate, and human health is widely recognized. Some of these consequences are due to the influence on precipitation of fire-generated aerosols, especially in hotspots such as Southeast Asia and the southern part of China. The relatively poor understanding of the role of fire-produced aerosols in precipitation motivates us to study the problem in that part of the globe. We utilize multiyear reanalysis and satellite data, as well as cloud-resolving-model simulations with a 2-km horizontal resolution, over large domains extending 4000–5000 km. This combined analysis shows that fire-induced aerosol concentration anomalies perturb the Hadley circulations, which lead to changes in precipitation not only in the immediate fire vicinity, but also distant areas through teleconnections. In the immediate vicinity of the fires, we see suppressed precipitation that can prolong and intensify the fires, while in contrast, the regions located far from the fire sources experience an enhancement in precipitation. This increase in rainfall can delay deforestation and affect ocean salinity, impacting the ecology, climate and economy in those distant regions. Hence, this study demonstrates that beyond the well-established wind-driven transport of aerosols to remote locations, directly impacting human health and visibility, aerosols from fires have additional strong impacts in remote areas by altering circulations and precipitation patterns.
Least-squares reverse time migration in frequency domain based on Anderson acceleration with QR factorization
Authors: Huang Chongpeng , Qu Yingming , Dong Shihao , Ren Yi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) has become a popular research topic and has been practically applied in recent years. LSRTM can generate preferable images with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high resolution and balanced amplitude. However, LSRTM is still under the great computational pressure in processing field data. Anderson acceleration (AA) is widely popular for its ease of implementation and reduced computational effort. The QR factorization can be applied to AA to improve computational efficiency. We propose to use AA with QR factorization (AA-QR) for LSRTM in frequency domain to speed up the convergence and save computational cost. Through the numerical experiments using the sunken model, the salt model, and the Marmousi model, we find that the suitable memory size for AA-QR is 10 and the step length of AA-QR can be referred to 5 times 1st iteration step length of steepest descent (SD) method. Compared with SD method, conjugate gradient (CG) method, the limited-momory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (LBFGS) method and AA, AA-QR can converges faster and has better imaging quality. Under noisy condition, AA-QR also can converge well and obtain high-resolution images. AA-QR can be used as an alternative to LBFGS when LSRTM chooses the gradient update algorithm.
Exploring Climate Change Adaptation, Exposure, and Sensitivity among Farmers in Rural Gambia: A Vulnerability Index Assessment
Authors: Ceesay Ebrima K. , Mirzabaev Alisher , Ndiaye Mohamed Ben Omar , Beye Assane 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Understanding societal vulnerabilities to various shocks is crucial at global, country, and regional levels. In rural Gambia, assessing vulnerability becomes pivotal to comprehend weaknesses in infrastructure, food security, climate change, government, NGO support, education, and agricultural ownership.
General Problem
The article addresses the challenge of understanding vulnerability to climate change, aiming to provide insights into its complex nature and the need for targeted adaptation strategies.
Objectives
This body of work aims to integrate multiple dimensions of vulnerability, promote context-specific assessments, develop quantitative frameworks via validated vulnerability indices, offer policy-relevant insights, and enhance resilience and adaptation strategies in the face of climate change challenges.
Method
This study in rural Gambia utilized Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to construct a Vulnerability Index (VI) and components assessing vulnerabilities. We used excel to calculate vulnerability components and index from Stata results for PCA components part of eigenvector or score factor or coefficients. The regions used are North Bank Region (NBR), Central River Region (CRR) and Upper River Region (URR).
Results
The PCA revealed NBR, CRR, and URR as vulnerable to climate change, particularly highlighting NBR with vulnerability index of -6.3690 and CRR's with vulnerability index of -1.5587, heightened susceptibility. Despite URR showing relatively lower vulnerability in the VI of 1.5598, component analysis still highlighted vulnerability to climate changes. Overall, all regions indicated vulnerability to climate change. Furthermore, the validation of the Vulnerability Index indicated that NGO support significantly reduced vulnerability by 82%. Contrastingly, government aid increased vulnerability by 79%. Additionally, factors such as food access, insurance, credit availability, and agricultural support demonstrated substantial impacts on vulnerability to climate change.
Conclusions and Recommendation
The literature underscores the significance of comprehensive vulnerability assessments in understanding and addressing climate change challenges. It emphasizes the need for context-specific approaches, quantitative frameworks, and policy-informed strategies to build resilience and adapt to climate change impacts. Encourages further research focusing on nuanced context-specific vulnerability assessments, continued development and refinement of quantitative indices, and continued integration of interdisciplinary knowledge for informed decision-making and policy formulation.
Navigating Hospital To Home Transitions: Exploring Israeli Older Adult And Informal Caregiver Experiences, Challenges And Opportunities.
Authors: Kolade Opeyemi Rashidat , Porat-Dahlerbruch Joshua , Achterberg Theo van , Ellen Moriah Esther 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Transitioning from hospital to home is not just a process but a crucial aspect of healthcare delivery, particularly for older adults and their informal caregivers. This transition from the structured environment of the hospital to the more independent home setting presents various challenges and opportunities that significantly impact the post-discharge journey and remains a critical and vulnerable phase for patients, especially those with complex medical needs or limited support systems. With a rapidly aging population, diverse cultural demographics, and a centralized healthcare system, Israel provides a multifaceted context to explore the intricacies of this transition process. This paper explores the experiences of older adults and informal caregivers navigating hospital-to-home care transitions in Israel and the challenges and opportunities in optimizing care transitions.
Methods
Conducted within the European TRANS-SENIOR consortium, we conducted a qualitative descriptive study using one-to-one interviews with Israeli older adults and informal caregivers. who experienced hospital-to-home transitions within the past 12 months. Interview questions explored negative and positive experiences navigating hospital-to-home transitions and challenges and opportunities for optimizing care transitions. Thematic analysis was used.
Results
Seven older adults and nine informal caregivers participated in interviews, revealing diverse perceptions of hospital-to-home transitions. The experiences of hospital-to-home transitions varied, with negative experiences characterized by abrupt farewells and a perceived lack of ongoing support, while positive experiences involved reassurance, empowerment, and follow-up care. Challenges included fragmented healthcare management and a lack of person-centered care, particularly for older adults without family support or facing critical conditions, Additional issues included bureaucratic hurdles, language barriers, and communication deficiencies. Opportunities for improvement in Israel's care transition system for older adults and informal caregivers include promoting individual autonomy, involvement in decision-making, and enhancing collaboration between hospitals and communities.
Conclusion
Challenges across the care continuum highlighted the need for targeted interventions to address communication, person-centered care, and continuity of care. Policymakers can use this information to develop and implement strategies to improve the transition process, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and experiences.
Fabrication of 3D Printed Mutable Drug Delivery Devices: A Comparative Study of Volumetric and Digital Light Processing printing
Authors: Oh Ye Chan , Ong Jun Jie , Alfassam Haya , Díaz-Torres Eduardo , Goyanes Alvaro , Williams Gareth R. , Basit Abdul W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Mutable devices and dosage forms have the capacity to dynamically transform dimensionally, morphologically and mechanically upon exposure to non-mechanical external triggers. By leveraging these controllable transformations, these systems can be used as minimally invasive alternatives to implants and residence devices, foregoing the need for complex surgeries or endoscopies. 4D printing, the fabrication of 3D-printed structures that evolve their shape, properties, or functionality in response to stimuli over time, allows the production of such devices. This study explores the potential of volumetric printing, a novel vat photopolymerisation technology capable of ultra-rapid printing speeds, by comparing its performance against established digital light processing (DLP) printing in fabricating hydrogel-based drug-eluting devices. Six hydrogel formulations consisting of 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride solution, lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate, varying molecular weights of the crosslinking monomer, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, and paracetamol as a model drug were prepared for both vat photopolymerisation technologies. Comprehensive studies were conducted to investigate the swelling and water sorption profiles, drug release kinetics, and physicochemical properties of each formulation. Expandable drug-eluting 4D devices were successfully fabricated within 7.5 s using volumetric printing and were shown to display equivalent drug release kinetics to prints created using DLP printing, demonstrating drug release, swelling, and water sorption properties equivalent to or better than those of DLP-printed devices. The reported findings shed light on the advantages and limitations of each technology for creating these dynamic drug delivery systems and provides a direct comparison between the two technologies, while highlighting the promising potential of volumetric printing and further expanding the growing repertoire of pharmaceutical printing.
Evaluating Cancer Patient-Reported Experience Measures: Readability and Implications for Health System Improvements
Authors: Giannopoulos Eleni , Moody Lesley , MacKinnon Rebecca , Gill Bhajan , Giuliani Meredith E. , Papadakos Janet K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose Positive patient experiences can lead to better adherence to cancer treatment and greater patient health outcomes. However, it is unclear whether patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are accessible to patients of all literacy levels. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether the most commonly used PREMs in cancer care meet health literacy best practices. The secondary and third objectives were to examine the development of PREMs and to assess their comprehensiveness.Methods In order to assess the readability and understandability of common cancer PREMs, three readability calculcators and a validated instrument were utilized. To better understand how PREMs were developed, data about survey items, patient involvement and expert consultation were collected. Finally, to evaluate comprehensiveness of canceer PREMs, the Picker principles of patient-centered care framework was used.Results The mean reading grade level of cancer PREMs was 9.7 (SD = 0.75, Range = 8.2–11.2). Twenty-eight PREMs were rated on understandability, with a mean score of 74% (SD = 10.6, Range = 46–93%). The mean number of items across PREMs was 49 (SD = 31, Range, 13–136), and vast majority of PREMs (n = 33, 94.3%) asked ≥ 1 double-barrelled question. All PREMs addressed ≥ 2 patient-centered care principles.Conclusion Cancer PREMs did not meet the acceptable thresholds for readability and understandability. As such, it is possible that there may be gaps in how we understand the care experiences of low health literacy populations. Future development of PREMs should engage patients with low health literacy to ensure their perspectives are accurately captured.
Intelligent Honeypot-based IDS for Cyber Attack Detection using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Karthigha M , Latha L , K Sripriyan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Cyber Intrusion is the most threatening expression in the cyber world, and it is a dangerous crime that many corporations and individuals who are a part of the Cyber World are horrified of. It results from not only a financial loss but also includes personal data which is impacted as a flooded river when the data is exposed in a data breach. Cyber Intrusion Detection System refers to a technology utilized for recognizing and notifying any illicit entry to a network system or network device. It analyses network traffic logs files maintained by a device and reports or alerts when an outsider is trying to gain access to a network. A honeypot is a technology that acts as a catchy pot of honey for an attacker. When an attacker tries to catch the pot, the Honeypot system will alert the administrator and block it. These technologies can be combined with Artificial Intelligence to automate and improve the attack prediction rate so that attackers will be prevented. A network design is proposed for the correct placement of a honeypot in the network. Datasets extracted from implementing a honeypot and KDD-99 are used in this research experimentation. The datasets are trained using Generative Adversarial Networks, a deep learning-based generative model. From the results, it is inferred that the GAN model helps in achieving enhanced performance metrics in terms of accuracy and optimum training time in both datasets.
Surgical Management of Melorheostosis Involving the Left Radius and Navicular Bone: A Case Report
Authors: Liao Zhidong , Liu Defeng , Chen Yifeng , Chen Rong , Zeng Rujiao , Lin Zhiping 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Melorheostosis is a rare chronic bone disease with a low incidence and unclear pathogenesis, often characterized by pain. It predominantly affects the long bones of the lower limbs and is often treated symptomatically and conservatively.
Case presentation: A 35-year-old female presented with a three-month history of a tumor found in her left wrist joint，leading to limited mobility. There were no obvious abnormalities in laboratory tests. Physical examination indicated a palpable mass measuring approximately 1.0 × 2.0 cm in the left wrist, with limited mobility and no tenderness. Combined with Digital Radiography (DR), the patient was diagnosed with melorheostosis. Surgical intervention involving osteophyte resection was performed on the left wrist joint, resulting in a satisfactory postoperative recovery.
Conclusion: The etiology of melorheostosis remains unclear, presenting with diverse symptoms that can be effectively addressed through surgical intervention.
Implementing clinical guidelines for gestational weight gain care: a novel application of Best-Worst Scaling to determine priority barriers
Authors: Farragher Eva , Wall Laura A , Wynne Olivia , Wiggers John , Hollis Jenna , Wolfenden Luke , Paolucci Francesco , Daly Justine , Mallise Carly , Attia John , Pennell Craig , Foureur Maralyn , Campbell Karen , Kingsland Melanie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Antenatal clinical guidelines recommending the provision of care for gestational weight gain (GWG) are not routinely delivered by antenatal care providers (ACPs). Determining barriers to such care delivery can inform the development of targeted strategies to improve implementation. However, no previous studies have identified which barriers are most important.
Methods: A best-worst scaling (BWS) survey was developed to estimate the magnitude and rank the importance of identified barriers regarding the delivery of recommended GWG care. The survey was conducted between December 2020 and November 2021 with ACPs (medical, midwifery, and Aboriginal health workers) who provided care in public maternity services within three sites in New South Wales, Australia. ACPs were asked to select which of four barriers were most and least likely to inhibit five recommended GWG care practices (assessment of GWG; advice on GWG, diet and physical activity; and referral to specialist GWG services). Rankings of barriers were determined through choice frequency analysis for ACPs at each site.
Results: A total of 134 ACPs completed the survey (62.4% response rate). For each of the five recommended GWG care practices, the most important barrier across all health sites and for both midwives and medical ACPs was ‘compared to other aspects of my job, the guideline care is not a high priority.’ There was some variation in the importance of barriers between sites. Across all sites, medical staff were more likely than midwives to report ‘I forget’ as a barrier to weighing and providing weight tracking and dietary advice and ‘I don’t feel confident (providing this GWG practice)’ as a barrier to providing referrals to a specialist GWG service.
Conclusions: Best-worst scaling was a valuable method to rank the influence of barriers and to identify site-specific and profession-based priority barriers to ACP provision of guideline-recommended care for GWG. Not all barriers were equally important, and this ‘hierarchy’ differed across ACPs and sites. Implementation strategies should be developed to address the highest priority barriers, tailored to site and professional needs.
Trial Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12621000054819 (22/01/2021). http://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380680&isReview=true
Mutual Impact of Feature Selection and Privacy-preserving Mechanisms
Authors: Alishahi Mina , Moghtadaiee Vahideh , Fathalizadeh Amir , Rabiei Milad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Privacy concern has gained increased attention in data analysis, prompting the application of privacy-preserving methodologies. This includes private dataset generation techniques designed to conceal sensitive information, such as anonymization, Differential Privacy (DP), Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and Differentially Private GANs (DPGANs). Nonetheless, the utilization of these techniques can influence the importance of features within the privatized dataset, potentially impacting the accuracy and dependability of subsequent data analysis and machine learning models. This study presents a comprehensive and detailed comparative examination to explore the preservation of features’ significance between the privatized dataset and its original counterpart, thus addressing the challenge of information hiding in privacy-preserving techniques. Through a series of experiments, we aim to offer valuable insights into the application of private data generating techniques to uphold the relevance of features, thereby advancing privacy-conscious data analysis across diverse applications.
The impact of institutional guarantee on citizens' participation in grassroots social governance: promotion or inhibition?
Authors: Chen Xiansheng , Xu Longshun , Song Nana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Institution is a crucial tool for governing a country. Taking good institution as the cornerstone and promoting the extensive participation of citizens is the important guarantee to realize the modernization of Chinese style grassroots social governance. This article employs the "institution-behavior" analytical framework and utilizes the CSS2017-CSS2019 mixed-sectional data to comparatively analyze the impact and mechanisms of institutional guarantee on citizens' institutional participation, consultative participation and feedback participation in grassroots social governance. The study findings reveal that institutional guarantee promote citizen's institutional participation and consultative participation in grassroots social governance, while inhibiting citizen's feedback participatory behavior. Individual norms, as a form of obligation, exhibit varying degrees of mediating effects or masking effects in the relationship between institutional guarantee and citizen participation in grassroots social governance. Behavioral control plays a negative regulating role in institutional guarantee and citizens' feedback participation. In other words, behavioral control suppresses the negative impact of institutional guarantee on citizens' feedback participation in grassroots social governance. Outcome consciousness has a negative regulating effect between the institutional guarantee and the citizens' institutional participation. In other words, outcome consciousness negatively moderates the positive influence of the institutional guarantee on the citizens' institutional participation in the grassroots social governance.
Rare Encounter: Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Gangrenous Blepharitis in a Patient with Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: alyami ali , Vermot-Desroches Victor , Serrar Yasmine , Denis Philippe 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The primary pathogens responsible for eyelid infections often include normal flora such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species(1,2). In this case report, we highlight a situation of bacterial blepharitis occurring during an episode of septicaemia, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa identified in a patient experiencing febrile neutropenia secondary to Myelodysplastic syndrome.