bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The L49F mutation in alpha erythroid spectrin induces local disorder in the tetramer association region: Fluorescence and molecular dynamics studies of free and bound alpha spectrin
Authors: Song Yuanli , Pipalia Nina H. , Fung L. W.‐M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe bundling of the N‐terminal, partial domain helix (Helix C′) of human erythroid α‐spectrin (αI) with the C‐terminal, partial domain helices (Helices A′ and B′) of erythroid β‐spectrin (βI) to give a spectrin pseudo structural domain (triple helical bundle A′B′C′) has long been recognized as a crucial step in forming functional spectrin tetramers in erythrocytes. We have used apparent polarity and Stern–Volmer quenching constants of Helix C′ of αI bound to Helices A′ and B′ of βI, along with previous NMR and EPR results, to propose a model for the triple helical bundle. This model was used as the input structure for molecular dynamics simulations for both wild type (WT) and αI mutant L49F. The simulation output structures show a stable helical bundle for WT, but not for L49F. In WT, four critical interactions were identified: two hydrophobic clusters and two salt bridges. However, in L49F, the region downstream of Helix C′ was unable to assume a helical conformation and one critical hydrophobic cluster was disrupted. Other molecular interactions critical to the WT helical bundle were also weakened in L49F, possibly leading to the lower tetramer levels observed in patients with this mutation‐induced blood disorder.
Detailed insights from microarray and crystallographic studies into carbohydrate recognition by microneme protein 1 (MIC1) of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Garnett James A. , Liu Yan , Leon Ester , Allman Sarah A. , Friedrich Nikolas , Saouros Savvas , Curry Stephen , Soldati‐Favre Dominique , Davis Benjamin G. , Feizi Ten , Matthews Stephen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is among the most widespread parasites. The broad host cell range of the parasite can be explained by carbohydrate microarray screening analyses that have demonstrated the ability of the T. gondii adhesive protein, TgMIC1, to bind to a wide spectrum of sialyl oligosaccharide ligands. Here, we investigate by further microarray analyses in a dose‐response format the differential binding of TgMIC1 to 2‐3‐ and 2‐6‐linked sialyl carbohydrates. Interestingly, two novel synthetic fluorinated analogs of 3′SiaLacNAc1–4 and 3′SiaLacNAc1–3 were identified as highly potent ligands. To understand the structural basis of the carbohydrate binding specificity of TgMIC1, we have determined the crystal structures of TgMIC1 micronemal adhesive repeat (MAR)‐region (TgMIC1‐MARR) in complex with five sialyl‐N‐acetyllactosamine analogs. These crystal structures have revealed a specific, water‐mediated hydrogen bond network that accounts for the preferential binding of TgMIC1‐MARR to arrayed 2‐3‐linked sialyl oligosaccharides and the high potency of the fluorinated analogs. Furthermore, we provide strong evidence for the first observation of a CF···HO hydrogen bond within a lectin‐carbohydrate complex. Finally, detailed comparison with other oligosaccharide‐protein complexes in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) reveals a new family of sialic‐acid binding sites from lectins in parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
C‐terminal deletion of leucine‐rich repeats from YopM reveals a heterogeneous distribution of stability in a cooperatively folded protein
Authors: Kloss Ellen , Barrick Doug 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTerminal deletions of units from α‐helical repeat proteins have provided insight into the physical origins of their cooperativity. To test if the same principles governing cooperativity apply to β‐sheet‐containing repeat proteins, we have created a series of C‐terminal deletion constructs from a large leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) protein, YopM. We have examined the structure and stability of the resulting deletion constructs by a combination of solution spectroscopy, equilibrium denaturation studies, and limited proteolysis. Surprisingly, a high degree of nonuniformity was found in the stability distribution of YopM. Unlike previously studied repeat proteins, we identified several key LRR that on deletion disrupt nearby structure, at distances as far away as up to three repeats, in YopM. This partial unfolding model is supported by limited proteolysis studies and by point substitution in repeats predicted to be disordered as a result of deletion of adjacent repeats. We show that key internal‐ and terminal‐caps must be present to maintain the structural integrity in adjacent regions (roughly four LRRs long) of decreased stability. The finding that full‐length YopM maintains a high level of cooperativity in equilibrium unfolding underscores the importance of interfacial interactions in stabilizing locally unstable regions of structure.
Robust global stabilization of linear systems with input saturation via gain scheduling
Authors: Zhou Bin , Lin Zongli , Duan Guangren 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe problem of robust global stabilization of linear systems subject to input saturation and input‐additive uncertainties is revisited in this paper. By taking advantages of the recently developed parametric Lyapunov equation‐based low gain feedback design method and an existing dynamic gain scheduling technique, a new gain scheduling controller is proposed to solve the problem. In comparison with the existing ℋ2‐type gain scheduling controller, which requires the online solution of a state‐dependent nonlinear optimization problem and a state‐dependent ℋ2 algebraic Riccati equation (ARE), all the parameters in the proposed controller are determined a priori. In the absence of the input‐additive uncertainties, the proposed controller also partially recovers Teel's ℋ∞‐type scheduling approach by solving the problem of global stabilization of linear systems with actuator saturation. The ℋ∞‐type scheduling approach achieves robustness not only with non‐input‐additive uncertainties but also requires the closed‐form solution to an ℋ∞ ARE. Thus, the proposed scheduling method also addresses the implementation issues of the ℋ∞‐type scheduling approach in the absence of non‐input‐additive uncertainties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust delay‐dependent guaranteed cost controller design for uncertain nonlinear neutral systems with time‐varying state delays
Authors: Parlakçı M. N. Alpaslan 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of robust delay‐dependent guaranteed cost control for uncertain nonlinear neutral systems with time‐varying state delay is investigated. The control law is chosen to be a memoryless type one. Neither any model transformation nor bounding of any cross terms are utilized. The system under consideration may be subjected to both norm‐bounded uncertainties and nonlinear parameter perturbations. A delay‐dependent sufficient condition is obtained in terms of a matrix inequality for which a cone complementarity problem is introduced to provide a feasible solution set. Two numerical examples have been demonstrated to show the effective application of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Plant Hormone Abscisic Acid Stimulates the Proliferation of Human Hemopoietic Progenitors through the Second Messenger Cyclic ADP-Ribose
Authors: Scarfì Sonia , Fresia Chiara , Ferraris Chiara , Bruzzone Santina , Fruscione Floriana , Usai Cesare , Benvenuto Federica , Magnone Mirko , Podestà Marina , Sturla Laura , Guida Lucrezia , Albanesi Ennio , Damonte Gianluca , Salis Annalisa , De Flora Antonio , Zocchi Elena 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a hormone involved in pivotal physiological functions in higher plants, such as response to abiotic stress and control of seed dormancy and germination. Recently, ABA was demonstrated to be autocrinally produced by human granulocytes, β pancreatic cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and to stimulate cell-specific functions through a signaling pathway involving the second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). Here we show that ABA expands human uncommitted hemopoietic progenitors (HP) in vitro, through a cADPR-mediated increase of the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Incubation of CD34+ cells with micromolar ABA also induces transcriptional effects, which include NF-κB nuclear translocation and transcription of genes encoding for several cytokines. Human MSC stimulated with a lymphocyte-conditioned medium produce and release ABA at concentrations sufficient to exert growth-stimulatory effects on co-cultured CD34+ cells, as demonstrated by the inhibition of colony growth in the presence of an anti-ABA monoclonal antibody. These results provide a remarkable example of conservation of a stress hormone and of its second messenger from plants to humans and identify ABA as a new hemopoietic growth factor involved in the cross-talk between HP and MSC.
Importin 13 Serves as a Potential Marker for Corneal Epithelial Progenitor Cells
Authors: Wang Hua , Tao Tao , Tang Jing , Mao Yi-Hui , Li Wei , Peng Juan , Tan Gang , Zhou Yue-Ping , Zhong Jing-Xiang , Tseng Scheffer C.G. , Kawakita Tetsuya , Zhao Yong-Xiang , Liu Zu-Guo 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Importin13 (IPO13), the newest member of importin-β family discovered recently, is a unique nucleus-cytoplasm bidirectional transport receptor protein. In this study, IPO13 expression in human corneal tissue, limbal epithelial primary explant and clonal culture was evaluated by immunostaining and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reasgon. IPO13 function was evaluated in the corneal epithelial culture treated with IPO13 inhibitor, or fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) medium by colony-forming efficiency, clone growth capacity, MTT, immunostaining, and Western blotting assay. IPO13 protein was expressed mainly in nuclei of limbal epithelial basal cells, but not in the other cell layers of limbus and full thickness of corneal epithelia. IPO13 was expressed in the majority of epithelial cells in early-stage clones and in the margin of late-stage clones. IPO13 was positively expressed in mouse TKE2 progenitor cells cultured in keratinocyte serum-free defined medium, while it became negative in FBS-containing DMEM, which promoted TKE2 cell differentiation. In the presence of IPO13 inhibitor, IPO13 expression and the proliferative capacity decreased in human limbal epithelial clones and mouse TKE2 cells, which were accompanied with the cell differentiation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate for the first time that IPO13 is uniquely expressed by human limbal basal epithelial cells, and plays an important role in maintaining the phenotype, high proliferative potential, and less differentiation of corneal epithelial progenitor cells, suggesting that IPO13 could serve as a novel potential marker for corneal epithelial progenitor cells.
Behaviour improvement during faults of fixed speed stall control induction generator wind turbines
Authors: Garcia Jorge Martínez , Domínguez‐Navarro José A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a simple and economical way to improve the behaviour of a stall control wind turbine with fixed speed induction generator during faults. It proposes using the existing thyristor bridge and capacitors in combination with new resistors, to create a self‐exciting system isolated from the grid during faults, controlling the terminal voltage and speed generator in order to reduce the reactive consumption and peak speed. This is possible as a result of the thyristor bridge and resistor acting as a variable load.Dynamic simulations show that fault ride‐through capability for symmetrical and asymmetrical faults of a stall wind turbine can be achieved by using this proposal. A comparison between this solution and the standard static compensator solution demonstrates that the proposed solution works better, mainly because of the absence of overspeed problems when the overspeed protection is set at around 1.04 p.u. (a typical level for these wind turbines). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
University‐school‐community partnerships for youth development and democratic renewal
Authors: Harkavy Ira , Hartley Matthew 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDemocratic partnerships of universities, schools, and an array of neighborhood and community organizations are the most promising means of improving the lives of our nation's young people. Over the past two decades, many colleges and universities have been experiencing a renaissance in engagement activities. Universities, once ivory towers, have increasingly come to recognize that their destinies are inextricably linked with their communities. Authentic democratic partnerships have three characteristics: they are devised to achieve democratic purposes, the collective work is advanced through inclusive and democratic processes, and the product these partnerships produce benefits all participants and results in a strengthening of the democratic practices within the community.
The connection: Schooling, youth development, and community building—The Futures Academy case
Authors: Taylor Henry Louis , McGlynn Linda Greenough 
Published: July 2009

AbstractUniversities, because of their vast human and fiscal resources, can play the central role in assisting in the development of school‐centered community development programs that make youth development their top priority. The Futures Academy, a K–8 public school in the Fruit Belt, an inner‐city neighborhood in Buffalo, New York, offers a useful model of community development in partnership with the Center for Urban Studies at the State University of New York at Buffalo. The goal of the project is to create opportunities for students to apply the knowledge and skills they learn in the classroom to the goal of working with others to make the neighborhood a better place to live. The efforts seek to realize in practice the Dewey dictum that individuals learn best when they have “a real motive behind and a real outcome ahead.”
George Washington Community High School: Analysis of a partnership network
Authors: Bringle Robert G. , Officer Starla D.H. , Grim Jim , Hatcher Julie A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAfter five years with no public schools in their community, residents and neighborhood organizations of the Near Westside of Indianapolis advocated for the opening of George Washington Community High School (GWCHS). As a neighborhood in close proximity to the campus of Indiana University‐Purdue University Indianapolis, the Near Westside and campus worked together to address this issue and improve the educational success of youth. In fall 2000, GWCHS opened as a community school and now thrives as a national model, due in part to its network of community relationships. This account analyzes the development of the school by focusing on the relationships among the university, the high school, community organizations, and the residents of the Near Westside and highlights the unique partnership between the campus and school by defining the relational qualities and describing the network created to make sustainable changes with the high school.
The Agatston Urban Nutrition Initiative: Working to reverse the obesity epidemic through academically based community service
Authors: Johnston Francis E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe Agatston Urban Nutrition Initiative (AUNI) presents a fruitful partnership between faculty and students at a premier research university and members of the surrounding community aimed at addressing the problem of childhood obesity. AUNI uses a problem‐solving approach to learning by focusing course activities, including service‐learning, on understanding and mitigating the obesity culture.
Dayton's neighborhood school centers
Authors: Ferguson Dick 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWhen Dayton Public Schools committed to return to neighborhood K–8 schools, the community organized to refocus many youth programs in schools and neighborhoods. This article describes the planning and implementation of Dayton's Neighborhood School Centers. Special emphasis is placed on the role of the University of Dayton, especially the Fitz Center for Leadership in Community. The Fitz Center plays a pivotal role in implementing this highly collaborative effort, including project leadership; community organizing; coaching of five site coordinators at neighborhood school sites; and faculty‐mentored student interns to assist with programming for student success, family support, health and team sports, and extensive service‐learning coordination. The Dayton Foundation, Dayton Public Schools, City of Dayton, Montgomery County, and sixteen foundation and corporate supporters are partners with the Fitz Center in a bold initiative to reconnect five Dayton public elementary schools to their neighborhoods, after more than thirty years of court‐ordered busing, and create full‐service, year‐round opportunities for neighborhood families and youth at these new schools. More than forty programs have been started at each site, all emphasizing youth and community assets.
The president's role in advancing civic engagement: The Widener‐Chester Partnership
Authors: Harris James T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractEfforts by metropolitan universities to engage in meaningful and democratic partnerships with community organizations require much time, effort, and considerable resources from the university and its various constituents. Widener University is located in a distressed urban environment. This study, presented from the perspective of the university's president, highlights the challenges associated with engaging in such work and provides insight into possible future directions for advancing an institution‐wide civic engagement agenda. It outlines in detail the initiatives created between Widener and the Chester, Pennsylvania, school district over six years and explains how after many failures, the university came to the conclusion that its best chance for success would be to develop a separately chartered university partnership school. The account forcefully underscores that the costs associated with civic engagement are worth the investment in spite of the number of setbacks and frustrations inherent in this type of work.
Programmatic approaches to assessing and improving animal welfare in zoos and aquariums
Authors: Barber Joseph C.E. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThere continues to be intense public, professional, and scientific focus on the welfare of animals in zoos and aquariums, but implementing welfare assessment tools consistently throughout this community remains challenging. Indirect measures can be used to assess “welfare potential”—the potential that animals will experience good welfare based on the care that they are provided with. Zoos and aquariums focus on welfare potential with their continued commitment to develop animal care guidelines (e.g. Animal Care Manuals) that can play a role within institutional accreditation or certification. The Association of Zoos and Aquariums Animal Welfare Committee has been pursuing approaches to maximize welfare potential by developing the concept of an integrated welfare approach or framework—an attempt to identify recommended animal care programs (e.g. enrichment, nutrition, veterinary care, research, and animal training programs) and their programmatic components. Objectively assessing the influence that animal care recommendations have on the welfare of individual animals is important to determine the efficacy of programmatic approaches. The future of welfare assessment within zoos and aquariums will include population‐level evaluations—tracking emerging trends in health and behavior that come from both formal and informal institutional animal reports. Sharing this information, and performing meta‐analyses of the data using epidemiological approaches, will become easier with advances in technology and database management software. Identifying welfare “red/green flags” throughout captive populations will provide direction for more focused assessments that will ultimately inform the design of more effective animal care programs. Zoo Biol 28:519–530, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Study on Field Emission Characteristics of Planar Graphene Layers Obtained from a Highly Oriented Pyrolyzed Graphite Block
Authors: Lee Seok Woo , Lee Seung S. , Yang Eui-Hyeok 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This paper describes an experimental study on field emission characteristics of individual graphene layers for vacuum nanoelectronics. Graphene layers were prepared by mechanical exfoliation from a highly oriented pyrolyzed graphite block and placed on an insulating substrate, with the resulting field emission behavior investigated using a nanomanipulator operating inside a scanning electron microscope. A pair of tungsten tips controlled by the nanomanipulator enabled electric connection with the graphene layers without postfabrication. The maximum emitted current from the graphene layers was 170 nA and the turn-on voltage was 12.1 V.
Fatty Acid Composition, Oxidative Stability, and Radical Scavenging Activity of Vegetable Oil Blends with Coconut Oil
Authors: Bhatnagar A. S. , Prasanth Kumar P. K. , Hemavathy J. , Gopala Krishna A. G. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCoconut (Cocos nucifera) contains 55–65% oil, having C12:0 as the major fatty acid. Coconut oil has >90% saturates and is deficient in monounsaturates (6%), polyunsaturates (1%), and total tocopherols (29 mg/kg). However, coconut oil contains medium chain fatty acids (58%), which are easily absorbed into the body. Therefore, blends of coconut oil (20–80% incorporation of coconut oil) with other vegetable oils (i.e. palm, rice bran, sesame, mustard, sunflower, groundnut, safflower, and soybean) were prepared. Consequently, seven blends prepared for coconut oil consumers contained improved amounts of monounsaturates (8–36%, p < 0.03), polyunsaturates (4–35%, p < 0.03), total tocopherols (111–582 mg/kg, p < 0.02), and 5–33% (p < 0.02) of DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radicals) scavenging activity. In addition, seven blends prepared for non‐coconut oil consumers contained 11–13% of medium chain fatty acids. Coconut oil + sunflower oil and coconut oil + rice bran oil blends also exhibited 36.7–89.7% (p < 0.0005) and 66.4–80.5% (p < 0.0313) reductions in peroxide formation in comparison to the individual sunflower oil and rice bran oil, respectively. It was concluded that blending coconut oil with other vegetable oils provides medium chain fatty acids and oxidative stability to the blends, while coconut oil will be enriched with polyunsaturates, monounsaturates, natural antioxidants, and a greater radical scavenging activity.
Oil and Conjugated Linolenic Acid Contents of Seeds from Important Pomegranate Cultivars (Punica granatum L.) Grown in Turkey
Authors: Kýralan Mustafa , Gölükcü Muharrem , Tokgöz Haluk 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the present study, seed oil content and fatty acid composition of 15 commercially important pomegranate cultivars were determined. The oil content of pomegranate seeds ranged between 13.95 and 24.13% (d.b). Palmitic, stearic, arachidic, and behenic acid contents of the oils ranged between 2.10–2.77, 1.35–2.01, 0.33–0.48, and 0.16–0.22%, respectively. The predominant unsaturated fatty acid was punicic acid (70.42–76.17%) and a minor unsaturated fatty acid was gadoleic acid (0.42–0.75%). The analysis on unsaturated fatty acids particularly showed significant amounts of punicic acid, which is considered to enhance the oil quality and is of importance to health.