bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review: are lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis two subtypes of the same disease ‐ microscopic colitis?
Authors: Rasmussen M. A. , Munck L. K. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryBackgroundDespite similar clinical symptoms, collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC) are considered two distinct disease entities.AimTo compare pathoanatomical findings, clinical presentations, risk factors, course of diseases and response to treatment in CC and LC to establish whether they could be subtypes of the same disease, microscopic colitis (MC).MethodsThe MEDLINE was searched for CC, LC and MC, and clinical studies of >20 patients were included. Pooled results with 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on the number of patients.ResultsAn abnormal number of intraepithelial lymphocytes are found in 45% (40–50%) with CC, and an abnormal subepithelial collagen band in 16% (13–20%) with LC suggesting a histological overlap. The incidence of CC and LC has increased in parallel. Mean age (CC 63 years; LC 60 years) and clinical presentation are indistinguishable, and females are predominant in CC (77%; 75–79%) as well as LC (68%; 66–70%). Risk factors such as nonsteroid anti‐inflammatory drugs consumption CC 39% (36–42%); LC 32% (29–35%) are similar and prevalence of concomitant autoimmune diseases such as coeliac disease (CC 5%; CI: 4–6% and LC 7%; CI: 6–9%) do not differ. Bile acid diarrhoea is highly prevalent in CC (41%; 37–45%) and LC (29%; 24–34%). The effect of budesonide is identical.ConclusionsCC and LC could be considered histological subtypes of the same disease, MC. To facilitate recruitment to clinical trials, all MC patients could be included in future trials and stratified for subtypes.
Differential interaction of seed polyphenols from grapes collected at different maturity stages with the protein fraction of saliva
Authors: Obreque‐Slier Elías , López‐Solís Remigio , Peña‐Neira Álvaro 
Published: June 2012

SummaryGrape seed and skin proanthocyanidins undergo significant changes during grape maturation. Those changes have been associated with a decreased astringency of grapes collected at later maturation stages. We have now compared the ability of proanthocyanidin‐rich extracts from Carménère grape seeds collected at two stages of berry development (veraison vs. harvest) both to interact with salivary proteins and to produce astringency. Interaction of proanthocyanidins with the salivary protein was assessed by analysing the concentration‐dependent effect of seed extracts both on inducing salivary protein precipitation and on restricting diffusion of the salivary protein on cellulose membranes. Seed extracts from grapes collected at veraison compared with those of grapes collected at harvest displayed a higher ability both to interact with the salivary protein fraction and to produce astringency. As a whole, our observations show that astringency is closely dependent on the magnitude of the interactions between proanthocyanidins and the salivary protein fraction.
Clinical characteristics and risks of large congenital melanocytic naevi: A review of 31 patients at the Sydney Children's Hospital
Authors: Chen Andrew Chih‐Chieh , McRae Michelle Yvonne , Wargon Orli 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTLarge congenital melanocytic naevi (LCMN) are associated with an increased risk of malignancy and neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM). This Australian study aims to assess both the clinical characteristics of LCMN and the risks associated with it. The authors reviewed medical records of the Sydney Children's Hospital Dermatology Outpatient Clinic for the past 10 years and identified 31 eligible patients. A total of 14 boys and 17 girls with a median age of 0.13 years were assessed; 18 lesions were on the trunk, five were on the head, five were on the lower limbs and three were on the upper limbs. In all 20 patients had satellite naevi (the median number of the satellite naevi was 7.5). The patients were followed up for a median duration of 12 months. Central nervous system magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 19 patients and two (6.5%) were found to have NCM. Biopsies were performed on five patients; one patient (3.2%) was found to have benign proliferative nodules of undifferentiated spindle cells but no patient (0%) was found to have a malignancy. The clinical characteristics for the two patients with NCM and the patient with benign proliferative nodules suggest that the risk of both NCM and benign proliferative nodules may be greater with an increased number of satellite naevi and with the LCMN being larger in size.
Administration of additional analgesics can decrease the incidence of paradoxical reactions in patients under benzodiazepine‐induced sedation during endoscopic transpapillary procedures: Prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Terui Torahiko , Inomata Masaaki 
Published: June 2012

AimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of giving pentazocine as an analgesic with benzodiazepine during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).MethodsThe paradoxical reactions (PR) incidence was evaluated as an indicator of usefulness. Transcutaneous arterial carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO2) was evaluated as an indicator of safety. Atotal of 160 patients were enrolled. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups; group 1 sedated with midazolam only and group 2 sedated both with midazolam and pentazocine (7.5 mg).ResultsThe initial dosage introduced sedation before procedure was significantly higher in group 1. The occurrence rate of PR's in group 1 was significantly higher compared to that in group2 (P = 0.0108). Although maximum PtcCO2 observed during sedation did not differ between the two groups (48.7 ± 7.2, 50.3 ± 7.6 mmHg, respectively),maximum PtcCO2 during the first 15 min after the start of sedation was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (P = 0.0294). In multivariate analysis, procedure duration (odds ratio [OR] = 1.048) and midazolam dose (OR = 1.221) were predictive factors for PR.ConclusionThe administration of pentazocine is significantly reduced the incidence of PR's in patients under midazolaminduced sedation during ERCP.
Implication of antithrombotic agents on potential bleeding from endoscopically determined peptic ulcers, incidentally detected as surrogate markers for nsaids‐associated ulcers complication
Authors: Miyake Kazumasa , Kusunoki Masafumi , Ueki Nobue , Nagoya Hiroyuki , Kodaka Yasuhiro , Shindo Tomotaka , Kawagoe Tetsuro , Gudis Katya , Futagami Seiji , Tsukui Taku , Nakamura Hiroshi , Sakamoto Choitsu 
Published: June 2012

Background and aimLittle is known about the clinical significance of treatment for endoscopically determined peptic ulcers (EPU), incidentally detected as surrogate endpoints for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)‐associated ulcers complication, such as overt bleeding and perforation. Even uncomplicated‐EPU without overt bleeding signs when antithrombotic agents (AT) were cotherapied may be of potential bleeding sites. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether microcytic anemia, implying potential bleeding, is associated with NSAIDs‐associated EPU or cotherapies with AT.MethodsTwo hundred and thirty‐eight outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis under long‐term NSAIDs therapies underwent upper endoscopy and were divided into the following four groups according to the pattern (presence: + or absence: –) of AT cotherapy/EPU, respectively: A, –/– (n = 165); B, –/+ (n = 44); C, +/– (n = 25); and D, +/+ (n = 4).ResultsEPU were found in 48 of the 238 studied patients (20.2%). After significant interactions among four groups hadstatistically been identified, hemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as biomarkers for potential bleeding were compared between the groups.Hb and MCV were significantly lower in the D group than in the A,B, or C groups (Hb: P < 0.01, respectively; P < 0.05, MCV; P < 0.01 or P < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsPatients with NSAIDs‐associated EPU and AT cotherapy indicated significantly more severe microcytic anemia pattern than those without EPU or AT cotherapy, despite no evidence of overt bleeding. Even uncomplicated‐EPU without overt bleeding when ATs were cotherapied may be of potential bleeding sites.
One‐year safety, tolerability and efficacy of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate or severe renal impairment
Authors: Kothny W. , Shao Q. , Groop P.‐H. , Lukashevich V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimAssess long‐term safety and efficacy of the dipeptidlyl peptidase-4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor vildagliptin in 369 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate or severe renal impairment (RI).MethodsDouble‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group, 52‐week clinical trial comparing safety and efficacy of vildagliptin (50 mg qd, n = 216) and placebo (n = 153) added to ongoing stable antihyperglycaemic treatment, in patients with T2DM and moderate or severe (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] ≥30 to <50 ml/min/1.73 m2and < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2) RI.ResultsThe study population comprised 122 and 89 patients with moderate RI and 94 and 64 patients with severe RI randomized to vildagliptin and placebo, respectively, with the majority of patients receiving background insulin therapy (72% and 82% for moderate and severe RI, respectively). After 1 year, the between‐treatment difference in adjusted mean change in A1C was −0.4 ± 0.2% (p = 0.005) in moderate RI (baseline = 7.8%) and −0.7 ± 0.2% (p < 0.0001) in severe RI (baseline = 7.6%). In patients with moderate RI, similar proportions of patients experienced any adverse event (AE) (84 vs. 85%), any serious adverse event (SAE) (21 vs. 19%), any AE leading to discontinuation (5% vs. 6%) and death (1% vs. 0%) with vildagliptin and placebo, respectively. This was also true for patients with severe RI: AEs (85% vs. 88%), SAEs (25% vs. 25%), AEs leading to discontinuation (10% vs. 6%) and death (3% vs. 2%).ConclusionsIn patients with T2DM and moderate or severe RI, vildagliptin added to ongoing antidiabetic therapy had a safety profile similar to placebo during 1‐year observation. Furthermore, relative to placebo, a clinically significant decrease in A1C was maintained throughout 1‐year treatment with vildagliptin.
The impact of botulinum toxin A and abduction bracing on long‐term hip development in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: WILLOUGHBY KATE , ANG SOON GHEE , THOMASON PAM , GRAHAM H KERR 
Published: June 2012

Aim  To study the long‐term impact of 3 years of botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) injections and abduction bracing on hip development in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP). We wanted to know if early treatment improved hip development and reduced the need for surgery.Method  A long‐term review of hip morphology and surgery requirements in children who participated in a multicentre, randomized controlled trial. The trial investigated short‐term effects of BoNT‐A injections combined with an abduction brace, compared with usual care, on hip displacement in children with bilateral spastic CP.Results  Forty‐six children with bilateral spastic CP (31 males, 15 females; 10 with diplegia, 36 with quadriplegia; mean age at enrolment of 3y 2mo, mean age at most recent clinical review 13y 11mo [range 10y 6mo–16y 8mo]; three children in Gross Motor Function Classification System level II, 11 in level III, 20 in level IV, 12 in level V) were followed for a mean of 10 years 10 months from recruitment to the trial. Mean migration percentage was 15.9% in the BoNT‐A group and 15.2% in the comparison group (t=0.26, p=0.79). Eighty‐nine percent of hips in the treatment group and 91% hips in the comparison group had satisfactory development, using a valid scale (Mann–Whitney U test=867.50, z=−1.59, p=0.11). Forty children had preventive surgery (21 treatment group, 19 comparison group) and 18 children had reconstructive surgery (10 treatment, 8 comparison).Interpretation  In children with bilateral spastic CP, early treatment with BoNT‐A and hip abduction bracing does not reduce the need for surgery or improve hip development at skeletal maturity.
Elective birth at 37 weeks of gestation versus standard care for women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy at term: the Twins Timing of Birth Randomised Trial
Authors: Dodd JM , Crowther CA , Haslam RR , Robinson JS ,   for the Twins Timing of Birth Trial Group
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Dodd J, Crowther C, Haslam R, Robinson J. Elective birth at 37 weeks of gestation versus standard care for women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy at term: the Twins Timing of Birth Randomised Trial. BJOG 2012;119:964–974.Objective  To evaluate whether for women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy, elective birth at 37 weeks of gestation was associated with reduced risk of death or serious outcomes for babies, without increasing harm.Design  Randomised controlled trial.Setting  Maternity hospitals across Australia, New Zealand and Italy.Population  A total of 235 women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy at 36+6 weeks of gestation, with no contraindication to continuing their pregnancy.Methods  Using a computer‐generated, central telephone randomisation service, 235 women were randomised to Elective Birth (birth at 37 weeks; n = 116) or Standard Care (continued expectant management, with birth planned from 38 weeks; n = 119). Outcome assessors were masked to treatment allocation.Main outcome measure  A composite of serious adverse outcome for the infant.Results  For women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy, elective birth at 37 weeks of gestation was associated with a significant reduction in risk of serious adverse outcome for the infant (Elective Birth 11/232 [4.7%] versus Standard Care 29/238 [12.2%]; risk ratio [RR] 0.39; 95% CI 0.20–0.75; P = 0.005), reflecting a reduction in birthweight less than the third centile using singleton gestational age‐specific charts (Elective Birth 7/232 [3.0%] versus Standard Care 24/238 [10.1%]; RR 0.30; 95% CI 0.13–0.67; P = 0.004). In a post hoc analysis using twin gestational age‐specific charts, there was evidence of a trend towards a reduction in the primary composite of serious adverse infant outcome (Elective Birth Group 4/232 [1.7%] versus Standard Care Group 12/238 [5.0%]; RR 0.34; 95% CI 0.11 to 1.05; P = 0.06).Conclusion  The findings of our study support recommendations for women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy to birth at 37 weeks of gestation.
Effect of home‐based walking on performance and quality of life in patients with heart failure
Authors: Fayazi Sedigheh , Zarea Kourosh , Abbasi Ali , Ahmadi Farzaneh 
Published: June 2012

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 246–252

Effect of home‐based walking on performance and quality of life in patients with heart failure
Introduction:  Chronic heart failure defined as the inability of the heart to meet the demands of the tissues, which results in symptoms of fatigue or dyspnoea on energy progressing to dyspnoea at rest. The inability to perform the exercise without discomfort and poor quality of life may be one of the first symptoms experienced by patients with heart failure and is often the principal reason for seeking medical care.Objectives:  The aim of the study was to find the effect of a home walking programme on the performance and quality of life in the patients with heart failure.Methods and results:  Sixty patients with New York Heart Association class II and III heart failure were divided into two matched and equal groups. The quality of life scores and 6‐minute walking scores were measured for each patient at entry and after 8 weeks. Both groups were followed for 8 weeks. The results showed between mean walking distance on the 6 minutes at entry and after 8 weeks in the training group (p < 0.001), but no significance was seen between the control groups (p = 0.351). Furthermore, results showed a significant difference between mean of quality of life scores at entry and after 8 weeks in the training group, but such significance was not reported between before and after control group scores.Conclusion:  The home‐based walking showed improvement in the performance, exercise tolerance time and quality of life in heart failure patients. Therefore, Nurses should employ alternatives such as home exercises in the caring of heart failure patients.
Focal cortical dysplasia type IIb in the rolandic cortex: Functional reorganization after early surgery documented by passive task functional MRI
Authors: Barba Carmen , Montanaro Domenico , Frijia Francesca , Giordano Flavio , Blümcke Ingmar , Genitori Lorenzo , De Masi Francesco , Guerrini Renzo 
Published: June 2012

SummarySurgery for seizures arising from the rolandic area can be performed effectively, and accurate mapping of eloquent regions may improve seizure and functional outcome. Noninvasive cortical mapping is, however, hardly feasible in young children. We studied two children with epileptogenic focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type IIb in the rolandic area, in whom preoperative passive task functional MRI (fMRI) during sedation helped planning a tailored surgical approach. In one patient the dysplastic cortex was functionally activated. After complete lesionectomy both children exhibited motor impairment that readily improved. Repeat fMRI, performed after complete (Patient 1) or partial (Patient 2) recovery, demonstrated relocation of motor‐related activations posterior to the area of resection. fMRI during sedation can be used to demonstrate postsurgical functional reorganization of the motor cortex in young children. There is interindividual variability in functional activation of FCD type IIb.
The somatic comorbidity of epilepsy: A weighty but often unrecognized burden
Authors: Gaitatzis Athanasios , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Sander Josemir W. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryA range of medical and neurologic disorders occurs more frequently in people with epilepsy than in the general population and constitutes its somatic comorbidity. Common examples include cardiac, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disorders; stroke; dementia; and migraine. Alzheimer’s disease and migraine are not only more common in epilepsy but are also risk factors for the development of seizures, suggesting a bidirectional association and shared disease mechanisms. Less well‐appreciated associations with epilepsy include Parkinson’s disease and obstructive sleep apnea. The association between epilepsy and other conditions can be due to a variety of interacting genetic, biologic, and environmental factors. We propose an etiologic classification of comorbidity into uncertain (coincidence or unknown), causal (cause), shared risk factors (common disease mechanisms or shared predisposing risk factors), and resultant (consequence). Co‐occurrence of other conditions in a person with epilepsy can complicate diagnosis or have adverse prognostic implications. Management of these conditions may facilitate the treatment of epilepsy, as in the case of obstructive sleep apnea. The presence of somatic disorders in epilepsy is associated with increased health care needs, poorer health‐related quality of life, and premature mortality. Prevention, identification, and adequate treatment of comorbid disorders in epilepsy should be an important part of epilepsy management at all levels of care.
Glissandi: transient fast electrocorticographic oscillations of steadily increasing frequency, explained by temporally increasing gap junction conductance
Authors: Cunningham Mark O. , Roopun Anita , Schofield Ian S. , Whittaker Roger G. , Duncan Roderick , Russell Aline , Jenkins Alistair , Nicholson Claire , Whittington Miles A. , Traub Roger D. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPurpose:  We describe a form of very fast oscillation (VFO) in patient electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings, that can occur prior to ictal events, in which the frequency increases steadily from ∼30–40 to >120 Hz, over a period of seconds. We dub these events “glissandi” and describe a possible model for them.Methods:  Four patients with epilepsy had presurgical evaluations (with ECoG obtained in two of them), and excised tissue was studied in vitro, from three of the patients. Glissandi were seen spontaneously in vitro, associated with ictal events—using acute slices of rat neocortex—and they were simulated using a network model of 15,000 detailed layer V pyramidal neurons, coupled by gap junctions.Key findings:  Glissandi were observed to arise from human temporal neocortex. In vitro, they lasted 0.2–4.1 s, prior to ictal onset. Similar events were observed in the rat in vitro in layer V of frontal neocortex when alkaline solution was pressure‐ejected; glissandi persisted when γ‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA), GABAB, and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA), and alpha‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors were blocked. Nonalkaline conditions prevented glissando generation. In network simulations it was found that steadily increasing gap junction conductance would lead to the observed steady increase in VFO field frequency. This occurred because increasing gap junction conductance shortened the time required for an action potential to cross from cell to cell.Significance:  The in vitro and modeling data are consistent with the hypothesis that glissandi arise when pyramidal cell gap junction conductances rise over time, possibly as a result of an alkaline fluctuation in brain pH.
Dilemmas in the interpretation of diagnostic accuracy studies on presurgical workup for epilepsy surgery
Authors: Burch Jane , Marson Anthony , Beyer Fiona , Soares Marta , Hinde Sebastian , Wieshmann Udo , Woolacott Nerys 
Published: June 2012

SummaryWe conducted a systematic review to determine which noninvasive technologies should be used in the workup for epilepsy surgery to identify structural or functional abnormalities to help locate the site of seizure onset. The review focused on patients where there was insufficient confidence, in either the decision to go to surgery or the site at which surgery should be conducted, after the initial clinical examination. The majority of the studies identified were single‐gate diagnostic accuracy studies; none were randomized controlled trials, and only one reported the effect of the test results on the decision making process. It became apparent that the data derived from diagnostic accuracy studies could not be used to answer the review question. This article focuses on the methods used to extract data from the diagnostic accuracy studies, the difficulties interpreting the resulting data, why such studies are not an appropriate study design in this setting, and how the evidence‐base can be improved.
Poiesis of Possibility: The Ethnographic Sensibilities of Ursula K. Le Guin
Authors: BAKER‐CRISTALES BETH 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYThis article explores some of the ways Ursula Le Guin (daughter of famed anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber) uses ethnographic modes of writing and anthropological insights in her works of social science fiction. It is based on a close reading of her fiction and an e‐interview with the author. While science fiction may seem a far cry from ethnography, careful attention to the critical functions of Le Guin's fiction can shed light on some of the underlying assumptions and implications of the ethnographic imagination and writing. As Le Guin herself has observed, anthropologists and novelists share common traits and often find themselves writing about similar things.