bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Single or Double Exposures to Hydrogen Peroxide or Iodine on Salmonid Egg Survival and Bacterial Growth
Authors: Wagner Eric J , Oplinger Randall W , Bartley Matthew 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Four disinfection tests were conducted on the eggs of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii, rainbow trout O. mykiss, and brown trout Salmo trutta. In each egg test, the effects of treating twice were determined, which simulated treatment at both the brood source and the receiving hatchery. Cutthroat trout eggs were treated at 1 h and again at 3 or 6 h after fertilization. Survival to the eyed stage was greater for eggs treated with 100 mg/L iodine for 10 min (86.9%) than with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 2 min (82.4%); the timing of the second disinfection had no effect on egg survival. Bacterial growth was significantly greater among H2O2-treated eggs. For eyed rainbow trout eggs, 2,000 mg/L iodine for 10 min was toxic (&lt;11% hatch), but eggs treated either once or twice with hydrogen peroxide (1% H2O2 for 2 min) survived to hatch, as did the controls. Bacterial growth was significantly greater on eggs treated with H2O2 than control eggs treated with 100 mg/L iodine for 10 min. In a subsequent test with eyed rainbow trout eggs exposed to 1,000 mg/L iodine for 15 min either once or twice, hatching rates did not significantly differ from those of controls. Bacterial growth was significantly lower after 1,000-mg/L iodine treatment than in controls treated with 100 mg/L. In the fourth test, survival to hatch of eyed brown trout eggs treated with 1,000 mg/L iodine once or twice did not differ from that of controls. For bacterial control, double treatments are safe at iodine doses of no more than 1,000 mg/L or when 1% H2O2 is used. The bacteriological results suggest that a single or double dose of 1,000 mg/L iodine provides the best control of bacterial growth.
Functional and haemodynamic recovery after implantation of continuous‐flow left ventricular assist devices in comparison with pulsatile left ventricular assist devices in patients with end‐stage heart failure
Authors: Pruijsten Ralph V. , Lok Sjoukje I. , Kirkels Hans H. , Klöpping Corinne , Lahpor Jaap R. , de Jonge Nicolaas 
Published: February 2012

AimsCaused by ageing of the population, better survival from ischaemic heart disease, and improved treatment of chronic heart disease, the incidence of heart failure has increased enormously. Worldwide, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly being used as a bridge or alternative to heart transplantation. In this study, we investigated whether there is difference in functional and haemodynamic recovery after implantation of pulsatile and continuous‐flow pumps.Methods and resultsWe compared laboratory and echocardiographic data and exercise performance in patients with end‐stage heart failure, before and 3 months after implantation of pulsatile and continuous‐flow LVADs. A significant improvement in all laboratory parameters after implantation of both types of LVADs was seen, as well as a significant decrease in heart rate and LV dimensions, indicating better haemodynamics and cardiac recompensation. This improvement was better for the pulsatile device, probably due to higher plasma levels and higher LV dimensions before implantation. Exercise capacity strongly improved: 3 months after implantation of pulsatile and continuous‐flow LVADs, peak VO2 was 20.2 ± 4.8 vs. 18.3 ± 4.8 mL/kg/min (P = 0.09) (53 ± 12 vs. 49 ± 11% of predicted for age and gender) (P = 0.28).ConclusionPulsatile and continuous‐flow LVADs result in extensive haemodynamic recovery and exercise performance compatible with daily life activities. Exercise performance with continuous‐flow LVADs is equal to that with pulsatile devices. This, in combination with improved survival of the newer devices, allows its use as an alternative to heart transplantation in selected patients.
Ejection fraction and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: the Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project
Authors: Banerjee Amitava , Taillandier Sophie , Olesen Jonas Bjerring , Lane Deirdre A. , Lallemand Benedicte , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Fauchier Laurent 
Published: February 2012

AimsHeart failure (HF) increases the risk of stroke and thrombo‐embolism (TE) in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), and is incorporated in stroke risk stratification scores. We aimed to establish the role of ejection fraction (EF) in risk prediction in patients with NVAF and HF.Methods and resultsPatients with NVAF, history of HF, and measured EF were included in a retrospective analysis. Patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) were defined as those with clinical HF and EF ≥50% in this study. Among 7156 patients with NVAF, 1276 (17.8%) patients with HF and measured EF were included. Of these, 747/1276 (58.5%) patients were on vitamin K antagonists. The stroke/TE event rate per 100 person‐years was 1.05 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–1.25]. Patients with HFPEF were more likely to be female (P < 0.001), older (P < 0.001), and hypertensive (P < 0.001), and less likely to have prior vascular disease (P < 0.001). There were no differences in rates of stroke (P = 0.17) and stroke/TE (P = 0.11) between patients with HFPEF and those with HF and reduced EF. There were no significant differences in rates of all‐cause mortality when patients were stratified by EF. In multivariate analyses, only previous stroke (hazard ratio 2.36, 95% CI 1.45–3.86) and vascular disease (1.57, 1.07–2.30) increased the risk of stroke/TE amongst NVAF patients with HF, but EF <35% did not (0.75, 0.44–1.30).ConclusionIn NVAF patients with HF, there were no differences in rates of stroke, TE, or death between EF categories. Only previous stroke and vascular disease (and not decreased EF) independently increased risk of stroke/TE in multivariate analyses.
Thermal habitat for 0-group fish in the Barents Sea; how climate variability impacts their density, length, and geographic distribution
Authors: Eriksen Elena , Ingvaldsen Randi , Stiansen Jan Erik , Johansen Geir Odd 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEriksen, E., Ingvaldsen, R., Stiansen, J. E., and Johansen, G. O. 2012. Thermal habitat for 0-group fish in the Barents Sea; how climate variability impacts their density, length, and geographic distribution. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 870–879. Between 1980 and 2008, the climate changed from cold to warm conditions in the Barents Sea. Warmer conditions have been indicated as favourable for cod, haddock, and herring recruitment and unfavourable for capelin, although during recent years these relationships have weakened and need to be revised. Extensive survey observations of temperature and 0-group cod, haddock, herring, and capelin are explored, a bounded temperature range occupied by ∼80–90% of 0-group fish (core thermal habitat, CTH) defined for each species, and an analysis made of how climate variability influenced density, length, and geographic distribution. Maximum fish densities were at 6.2°C for cod, 7.2°C for haddock, 7.0°C for herring, and 5.1°C for capelin. The area of CTH for cod, haddock, and herring increased from cold to warm years, as did the occupation area of each species. Capelin underwent a northeast distributional shift from cold to warm years. The 0-group fish were observed in a broad range of temperatures of −1 to 10.5°C. However, fish densities showed a dome-shaped distribution with temperature. Mean fish length was 7.1 cm for cod, 8.9 cm for haddock, 7.0 cm for herring, and 4.6 cm for capelin, with length distributions exhibiting a non-uniform response to temperature.
Loss of Abaxial Leaf Epicuticular Wax inMedicago truncatula irg1/palm1Mutants Results in Reduced Spore Differentiation of Anthracnose and Nonhost Rust Pathogens
Authors: Uppalapati Srinivasa Rao , Ishiga Yasuhiro , Doraiswamy Vanthana , Bedair Mohamed , Mittal Shipra , Chen Jianghua , Nakashima Jin , Tang Yuhong , Tadege Million , Ratet Pascal , Chen Rujin , Schultheiss Holger , Mysore Kirankumar S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractTo identify genes that confer nonhost resistance to biotrophic fungal pathogens, we did a forward-genetics screen using Medicago truncatula Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion lines. From this screen, we identified an inhibitor of rust germ tube differentation1 (irg1) mutant that failed to promote preinfection structure differentiation of two rust pathogens, Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Puccinia emaculata, and one anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum trifolii, on the abaxial leaf surface. Cytological and chemical analyses revealed that the inhibition of rust preinfection structures in irg1 mutants is due to complete loss of the abaxial epicuticular wax crystals and reduced surface hydrophobicity. The composition of waxes on abaxial leaf surface of irg1 mutants had &gt;90% reduction of C30 primary alcohols and a preferential increase of C29 and C31 alkanes compared with the wild type. IRG1 encodes a Cys(2)His(2) zinc finger transcription factor, PALM1, which also controls dissected leaf morphology in M. truncatula. Transcriptome analysis of irg1/palm1 mutants revealed downregulation of eceriferum4, an enzyme implicated in primary alcohol biosynthesis, and MYB96, a major transcription factor that regulates wax biosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that PALM1 plays a role in regulating epicuticular wax metabolism and transport and that epicuticular wax influences spore differentiation of host and nonhost fungal pathogens.
Assessment of exposure to drugs of abuse during pregnancy by hair analysis in a Mediterranean island
Authors: Friguls Bibiana , Joya Xavier , Garcia‐Serra Joan , Gómez‐Culebras Mario , Pichini Simona , Martinez Susana , Vall Oriol , Garcia‐Algar Oscar 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAims  This study aims to estimate the prevalence of drug use by pregnant women living in Ibiza, using structured interviews and biomarkers in maternal hair. In addition, the potentially detrimental effects of maternal drug abuse on their newborns were investigated. Ibiza has a large international night‐life resort associated with clubs, music and use of recreational drugs.Design, setting and participants  Hair samples were collected prospectively from January to March 2010 from a cohort of consecutive mothers after giving birth in the Hospital Can Misses in Ibiza.Measurements  Opiates, cocaine, cannabis, methadone, amphetamines, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and their metabolites were detected in a 3‐cm‐long proximal segment of maternal hair corresponding to the last trimester of pregnancy by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (n = 107). Data on socio‐demographic characteristics and on tobacco, alcohol, drugs of prescription and drugs of abuse consumption during pregnancy were collected using a structured questionnaire.Findings  Hair analysis showed an overall 16% positivity for drugs of abuse in the third trimester of pregnancy, with a specific prevalence of cannabis, cocaine, MDMA and opiates use of 10.3, 6.4, 0.9 and 0%, respectively. In the questionnaires, only 1.9% of mothers declared using drugs of abuse during pregnancy. Gestational drug of abuse consumption was associated with active tobacco smoking, a higher number of smoked cigarettes and the mother being Spanish.Conclusions  Illicit drug use is substantially under‐reported among pregnant women living in Ibiza, particularly among Spanish nationals. Voluntary, routine objective biological toxicology screening should be considered as part of routine examinations in antenatal clinics on this Mediterranean island.
BcAtf1, a global regulator, controls various differentiation processes and phytotoxin production inBotrytis cinerea
Authors: TEMME NORA , OESER BIRGITT , MASSAROLI MICHELLI , HELLER JENS , SIMON ADELINE , GONZÁLEZ COLLADO ISIDRO , VIAUD MURIEL , TUDZYNSKI PAUL 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYAtf1‐homologous basic region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are known to act downstream of the stress‐activated mitogen‐activated protein kinase (SAPK) cascade in mammals, as well as in several fungi; they regulate the transcription of genes involved in the general stress response. Functional analyses of BcAtf1 inBotrytis cinereashow that it is also connected to the SAPK BcSak1, as it shares several stress response target genes. However, Δbcatf1 mutants are not hypersensitive to osmotic or oxidative stress, as are Δbcsak1 mutants. Both BcSak1 and BcAtf1 are regulators of differentiation, but their roles in these processes are almost inverse as, in contrast with Δbcsak1, Δbcatf1 mutants are significantly impaired in conidia production and do not differentiate any sclerotia. They show extremely vigorous growth in axenic culture, with a thick layer of aerial hyphae and a marked increase in colonization efficiency on different host plants and tissues. In addition, the sensitivity to cell wall‐interfering agents is increased strongly. Microarray analyses demonstrate that the loss of BcAtf1 leads to extensive transcriptional changes: apart from stress response genes, the expression of a broad set of genes, probably involved in primary metabolism, cell wall synthesis and development, is affected by BcAtf1. Unexpectedly, BcAtf1 also controls secondary metabolism: the mutant contains significantly elevated levels of phytotoxins. These data indicate that BcAtf1 controls a diversity of cellular processes and has broad regulatory functions.
Into and out of Africa – taking over from Denis Burkitt
Authors: Ziegler John L. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryDenis Burkitt's description of the eponymous lymphoma in 1958 in Uganda, opened up a vast and important field of enquiry in haematology and oncology. His pioneering experiments with chemotherapy demonstrated the possibility of cure, often with a single dose. His geographical explorations showed the tumour to be delimited by climate, suggesting an infectious cause vectored by mosquitoes. His clinical observations furthered the field of cancer immunotherapy. And his collegial, inquisitive nature facilitated the development of an enduring cancer research centre in Kampala. Burkitt's legacy in Uganda has wide‐reaching effects that endure not only in Uganda but also throughout the haematology‐oncology community to this day.
ATX‐II‐induced pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis related to atrial fibrillation and long QT syndrome
Authors: Lu Yen‐Yu , Cheng Chen‐Chuan , Chen Yao‐Chang , Chen Shih‐Ann , Chen Yi‐Jen 
Published: February 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012;AbstractBackground  Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is associated with a high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Pulmonary veins (PVs) play a critical role in AF genesis. Type 3 LQTS increases late sodium current (INa,L), which may increase PV arrhythmogenesis and AF. Therefore, this study examines PV arrhythmogenesis in anemonia sulcata toxin II (ATX‐II)‐induced type 3 LQTS and evaluates whether the INa,L inhibitor ranolazine can suppress PV arrhythmogenesis.Materials and methods  Conventional microelectrodes were used to record the action potentials (AP) and contractility in isolated rabbit PV specimens before and after ATX‐II administration with or without ranolazine.Results  Anemonia sulcata toxin II (100 nM) increased the PV spontaneous rates from 2·0 ± 0·1 to 2·9 ± 0·2 Hz (n = 7), induced PV burst firing (100%) with the genesis of early afterdepolarization (EAD) (86%) and prolonged the AP duration. Ranolazine (0·1, 1 and 10 μM) dose dependently reduced the PV spontaneous rates from 2·5 ± 0·2 to 2·3 ± 0·2 Hz, 1·9 ± 0·2 and 1·5 ± 0·3 Hz (P < 0·05) and decreased the diastolic tension by 40 ± 19%, 87 ± 26% and 113 ± 28%. In the presence of ranolazine (10 μM), ATX‐II (100 nM) further increased the AP duration. However, ATX‐II neither increased the PV spontaneous rates (1·6 ± 0·1 vs. 1·7 ± 0·2 Hz, n = 7) nor induced PV burst firing or EAD. Moreover, ranolazine (10 μM) reduced ATX‐II‐induced PV acceleration and EAD.Conclusions  The INa,L enhancer ATX‐II can increase PV arrhythmogenesis, which can be attenuated or blocked by ranolazine. This suggests that AF may be related to type 3 LQTS through increased INa,L.
Biomass production and nutrient removal by tropical grasses subsurface drip‐irrigated with dairy effluent
Authors: Valencia‐Gica R. B. , Yost R. S. , Porter G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEffluent lagoons on dairy farms can overflow and potentially pollute adjacent land and associated water bodies. An alternative solution to effluent disposal is needed by dairy operators in island environments. An attractive win‐win alternative is to recycle nutrients from this resource through effluent irrigation for forage grass production that minimizes environmental pollution. This study assessed biomass production and nutrient removal by, and high application rates to, tropical grasses that were subsurface drip‐irrigated with dairy effluent. Four grass species – Banagrass (Pennisetum purpureum K. Schumach.), California grass (Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf.), Stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) and Suerte grass (Paspalum atratum Swallen) – were subsurface (20–25 cm) drip‐irrigated with effluent at two rates based on potential evapotranspiration (ETp) at the site (Waianae, Hawaii) −2·0 ETp (16 mm d−1 in winter; 23 mm d−1 in summer) and 0·5 ETp (5 mm d−1 in winter; 6 mm d−1 in summer). Treatments were arranged in an augmented completely randomized design. Brachiaria mutica and P. purpureum had the highest dry‐matter yield (43–57 t ha−1 year−1) and nutrient uptake especially with the 2·0 ETp irrigation rate (1083–1405 kg ha−1 year−1 N, 154–164 kg ha−1 year−1 P, 1992–2141 kg ha−1 year−1 K). Average removal of nutrients by the grasses was 25–94% of the applied nitrogen, 11–82% of phosphorus and 2–13% of the potassium. Average values of crude protein (90–160 g kg−1), neutral detergent fibre (570–620 g kg−1) and acid detergent fibre (320–360 g kg−1) were at levels acceptable for feeding to lactating cattle. Results suggest that P. purpureum and B. mutica irrigated with effluent effectively recycled nutrients in the milk production system.
Expression of vascular Notch ligands Delta‐like 4 and Jagged‐1 in glioblastoma
Authors: Jubb Adrian M , Browning Lisa , Campo Leticia , Turley Helen , Steers Graham , Thurston Gavin , Harris Adrian L , Ansorge Olaf 
Published: February 2012

Jubb A M, Browning L, Campo L, Turley H, Steers G, Thurston G, Harris A L & Ansorge O  (2012) Histopathology 60, 740–747 Expression of vascular Notch ligands Delta‐like 4 and Jagged‐1 in glioblastomaAims:  The coordinated expression of the Notch ligands Delta‐like 4 (Dll4) and Jagged (Jag)1 is believed to define appropriate endothelial sensitivity to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Preclinical data suggest that Dll4‐Notch signalling may confer resistance to anti‐VEGF therapy with bevacizumab, and Jag1 may antagonize Dll4–Notch. The aims of this study were to characterize the expression of Dll4 and Jag1 in primary glioblastomas.Methods and results:  Immunohistochemistry was performed on 40 glioblastomas and normal brain using validated antibodies against Dll4 and Jag1. In‐situ hybridization for Dll4 was performed on serial sections and compared with protein expression. Dll4 expression was localized to the cytoplasm and membrane of endothelial cells in all glioblastomas; it was weak or absent in normal brain. Jag1 expression was observed in the cytoplasm and membrane of glomeruloid and non‐glomeruloid endothelial cells from 76% and 67% of glioblastomas, respectively. However, endothelial Jag1 expression was less intense and less prevalent than Dll4. There was no association between Dll4 and Jag1 expression.Conclusions:  In summary, Dll4 and Jag1 are expressed in glioblastoma vasculature. These data may define subsets of glioblastoma that might be sensitive (Dll4+/Jag1+) or resistant (Dll4+/Jag1–) to bevacizumab. Our data also suggest that anti‐Dll4 therapy should be evaluated experimentally in glioblastoma.
ImmunoMembrane: a publicly available web application for digital image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry
Authors: Tuominen Vilppu J , Tolonen Teemu T , Isola Jorma 
Published: February 2012

Tuominen V J, Tolonen T T & Isola J  (2012) Histopathology 60, 758–767 ImmunoMembrane: a publicly available web application for digital image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistryAims:  Assessment of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with immunohistochemistry (IHC) is routine practice in clinical pathology laboratories. Visual classification of the staining reaction (usually into 0/1+, 2+ or 3+) is subjective and prone to significant inter‐ and intra‐observer variation. In this study, we describe ImmunoMembrane, an easy‐to‐use HER2 IHC analysis software, which is freely available as a web application, requiring no download or installation.Methods and results:  ImmunoMembrane uses colour deconvolution for stain separation and a customized algorithm for cell membrane segmentation. A quantitative score (IM‐score, 0–20 points) is generated according to the membrane staining intensity and completeness. Specimens are classified into 0/1+, 2+ or 3+ based on IM‐score cut‐offs defined using a training set. The classification and membrane segmentation are presented as a pseudo‐coloured overlay image. With a validation set (144 HercepTest®‐stained whole tissue sections), ImmunoMembrane matched well with the pathologist’s visual classification (weighted kappa κw = 0.80), as well as fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) (IHC disagreement 3.5%, n = 144) and chromogenic in‐situ hybridization (CISH) (IHC disagreement 2.8%, n = 144).Conclusions:  We anticipate that publicly available web applications, such as ImmunoMembrane, will accelerate the adoption of automated image analysis in clinical diagnostics of HER2 IHC. ImmunoMembrane is freely accessible at: http://jvsmicroscope.uta.fi/immunomembrane/.
The C134W (402 C>G) FOXL2 mutation is absent in ovarian gynandroblastoma: insights into the genesis of an unusual tumour
Authors: Oparka Richard , Cassidy Andrew , Reilly Stephanie , Stenhouse Alasdair , McCluggage W Glenn , Herrington C Simon 
Published: February 2012

Oparka R, Cassidy A, Reilly S, Stenhouse A, McCluggage W G & Herrington C S  (2012) Histopathology 60, 838–842 The C134W (402 C>G) FOXL2 mutation is absent in ovarian gynandroblastoma: insights into the genesis of an unusual tumourAims:  Ovarian gynandroblastomas are rare tumours that, by definition, comprise a combination of components resembling both female, typically granulosa cell tumour (GCT), and male, typically Sertoli or Sertoli/Leydig cell tumour (ST/SLT), sex cord/stromal differentiation. The histogenesis of these tumours is unknown and, in view of the very strong association between the C134W (402 C>G) FOXL2 mutation and adult‐type GCT, we analysed a series of gynandroblastomas for this mutation.Methods and results:  Both components of each lesion were isolated by laser capture microdissection and the C134W (402 C>G) FOXL2 mutation was analysed by polymerase chain reaction sequencing. No mutation was identified in either the GCT or ST/SLT component of six cases, three of which contained adult‐type GCT.Conclusions:  This suggests that, despite their similar morphological appearances, the GCT‐like component of gynandroblastoma has a different molecular basis from conventional adult‐type GCT. This finding underscores a more general principle that morphological similarity does not necessarily indicate molecular identity.