bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Micropropagation of Abutilon indicum L. through Leaf Explants
Authors: Rout Jyoti Ranjan , Mishra Manorama , Das Ritarani , Sahoo Santi Lata 
Published: July 2010

The present investigation was conducted to develop a protocol for rapid callus induction and plant regeneration from leaf explant of Abutilon indicum L. Callus induction and plantlet regeneration at various frequencies were observed on MS using different concentrations of 2,4-D alone or in combination with BAP and Kn. The highest percentage of callus induction was observed with 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D (90) and with combination of 0.5 mg/l Kn (85). Optimum shoot formation was observed on same medium but supplemented with 2.0 mg/l Kn and 1.0 mg/l NAA (11.2). Rooting experiments with half strength of MS revealed that NAA was more suitable for root induction compared to IBA and IAA. The healthy in vitro rooting plantlets were successfully transferred to the field. The survival of the plantlets under ex vitro condition was 87%. Key words: Abutilon indicum, Callus induction, Leaf explants, Micropropagation D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i2.5435 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(2): 177-184, 2009 (December)
In vitro Plant Regeneration from Seedling-derived Explants of two Cultivars of White Jute (Corchorus capsularies L.)
Authors: Sarker Rakha Hari , Sarkar Bivas Kumar , Sarkar Bivas Kumar , Hoque M. I. , Hoque M. I. 
Published: July 2010

An in vitro regeneration system for two varieties of white jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) namely, BJC-7370 and BJC-83 was developed. The regeneration protocol was based upon direct organogenesis from seedling-derived explants such as cotyledon with petioles, cotyledonary node. Shoot regeneration was achieved from cotyledon with petiole and cotyledonary node through use of MS supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP and 1.0 mg/l IAA for BJC-7370 while for BJC-83 shoot initiation was obtained on 1.25 mg/l BAP and 0.25 mg/l NAA using the same explants. Elongation of shoots was achieved on MS containing 0.2 mg/l BAP for the two said jute varieties. Regenerated excised shoots developed effective in vitro root system on half strength of MS supplemented with 0.3 mg/l IBA for both the varieties. The in vitro grown plantlets were transferred to soil for acclimation. These plants grew up to maturity, flowered and produced seeds identical to the control plants. Key words: Corchorus capsularies, In vitro plant regeneration, seedling explants D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i2.5437 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(2): 199-206, 2009 (December)
Identification and Characterization of Ribosomal Protein S8 Gene of Jute
Authors: Ahmed Salim , Alam Md. Maksudul , Islam Md. Sazzadul , Shafiuddin MD. , Mondal Md. Mosharrof Hossain , Hossain Md. Amzad , Khan Haseena 
Published: July 2010

Identification and confirmation of ESTs (expressed sequence tags) corresponding to genomic clones is one of the most important steps in the identification of genes. In this regard, computational approaches such as ab initio and homology based searches using NCBI web portal, together with common laboratory approaches - PCR, RT-PCR and DNA sequencing were used to identify jute ESTs from a jute genomic library. Using degenerate primer-based gene walking from a computationally identified and experimentally verified jute EST, this study has led to the identification of the full length sequence of a jute gene, namely ribosomal protein S8. The sequence of this gene was found to be similar to ribosomal protein S8 gene of related species like Hibiscus macrophyllus, Gossypium hirsutum etc. and that of other species like Carica papaya, Arabidopsis thaliana etc. This gene was further characterized for determining its cellular location to the chloroplast. Key words: Identification, Characterization, Ribosomal protein S8, Jute D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i2.5438 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(2): 207-215, 2009 (December)
In vitro Propagation of Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall., Wedelia chinensis (Osb.) Merr. and Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz.
Authors: Islam S.A.M. Nurul , Banik Haradhan , Tarek Saiful Alam M. , Rahman Mahbubur 
Published: July 2010

Key words: Medicinal plant, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Wedelia chinensis, Woodfordia fruticosa, In vitro cloning, Multiple shoot D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i2.5443 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(2): 253-255, 2009 (December) - Short communication
Vacuolar Na+/H+ Antiporter Expression and Salt Tolerance Conferred by Actin1D and CaMV35S are Similar in Transgenic Binnatoa Rice
Authors: Islam S.M. Touhidul , Seraj Zeba I. 
Published: July 2010

Key words: RT-PCR, ion imbalance, Binnatoa, transgenic plant D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i2.5444 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(2): 257-262, 2009 (December) - Short communication
Asexual Propagation of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) through Encapsulated Axillary Buds
Authors: Huda A.K.M. N. , Bari , M.A. , Rahman M. 
Published: July 2010

Key words: Auxillary buds, Eggplant, Encapsulation, Synthetic seed D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v19i2.5445 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 19(2): 263-288, 2009 (December) - Short communication
Structuring Strategies for Complex Geometries
Authors: Mangelsdorf Wolf 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOver the last couple of decades, computation has proved a great facilitator for design, allowing far greater scope for analysis and generative design. Intelligent engineering, though, can only be truly set apart by the pursuit of the right design strategy, as outlined here by Wolf Mangelsdorf of Buro Happold. Mangelsdorf highlights four different models that enable the generation and engineering of geometrically complex forms and describes how they have been applied by Buro Happold in four very diverse projects with different architect collaborators. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optioneering: A New Basis for Engagement Between Architects and Their Collaborators
Authors: Holzer Dominik , Downing Steven 
Published: July 2010

AbstractConventionally, architects are somewhat tardy when inviting engineers to join their projects. By only introducing consulting engineers to participate in the later stages of the design process, engineers are commonly assigned a fixing role. This provides little opportunity for creative engineering solutions at the generative stage. Optioneering, a new business management model, however, offers the possibility of a new collaborative method for interaction between designers and their partners. Dominik Holzer and Steven Downing describe how a research project between the Spatial Information Research Laboratory (SIAL) at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) and the engineering firm Arup investigated the capability of this new form of collaboration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structuring Materiality: Design Fabrication of Heterogeneous Materials
Authors: Oxman Neri 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWhat happens when we invert the usual sequence of the design process ‐ form‐structure‐material ‐ so materiality becomes the generative driver? Taking nature as her model, Neri Oxman advocates a new material method, Variable Property Design (VPD), in which material assemblies are modelled, simulated and fabricated with varying properties in order to correspond with multiple and continuously shifting functional constraints. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabricating Design: A Revolution of Choice
Authors: Barkow Frank 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBerlin‐based practice Barkow Leibinger has become synonymous with expertise in digital fabrication. For 12 years, the firm has been engaged in designing buildings for machine‐tool company Trumpf in Stuttgart ‐ a relationship that has given the firm remarkable insights into the laser cutting of sheet metal. Here, Frank Barkow describes the fruitful research that the studio has undertaken in laser cutting as well as two innovative projects that have resulted from it. He explains why a new technology like that of digital fabrication must be for architects by necessity ‘a revolution of choice’ ‐ a speculation on where best to exploit new possibilities, albeit informed by research and experimentation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encoding Material
Authors: Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias , Oesterle Silvan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGramazio & Kohler's work in the faculty of Architecture and Digital Fabrication at ETH Zurich is renowned for its pioneering work with industrial robots. Here, Fabio Gramazio, Matthias Kohler and Silvan Oesterle describe how the integration of fabrication‐relevant decisions into encoded designs enables the control of complex interactions between material elements and facilitates the direct generation of machine data, as epitomised by their West Fest Pavilion project. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein Localization in Silica Nanospheres Derived via Biomimetic Mineralization
Authors: Cardoso Mateus B. , Luckarift Heather R. , Urban Volker S. , O'Neill Hugh , Johnson Glenn R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLysozyme‐templated precipitation of silica synthesized by sol‐gel chemistry produces a composite material with antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the structural properties of the composite material that allow for retention of the antimicrobial activity of lysozyme. Scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy reveal that the composite has a hierarchical structure composed of quasi‐spherical structures (∼450 nm diameter), which are in turn composed of closely packed spherical structures of ∼8–10 nm in diameter. Using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation, the scattering signatures of the lysozyme and silica within the composite were separated. It was determined that the lysozyme molecules are spatially correlated in the material and form clusters with colloidal silica particles. The size of the clusters determined by SANS agrees well with the structural architecture observed by TEM. BET analysis revealed that the surface area of the composite is relatively low (4.73 m2/g). However, after removal of the protein by heating to 200 °C, the surface area is increased by ∼20%. In addition to demonstrating a well organized sol‐gel synthesis which generates a functional material with antimicrobial applications, the analysis and modeling approaches described herein can be used for characterizing a wide range of mesoporous and ultrastructural materials.
Molecular Origins of the Mechanical Behavior of Hybrid Glasses
Authors: Oliver Mark S. , Dubois Geraud , Sherwood Mark , Gage David M. , Dauskardt Reinhold H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHybrid organic‐inorganic glasses exhibit unique electro‐optical properties along with excellent thermal stability. Their inherently mechanically fragile nature, however, which derives from the oxide component of the hybrid glass network together with the presence of terminal groups that reduce network connectivity, remains a fundamental challenge for their integration in nanoscience and energy technologies. We report on a combined synthesis and computational strategy to elucidate the effect of molecular structure on mechanical properties of hybrid glass films. We first demonstrate the importance of rigidity percolation to elastic behavior. Secondly, using a novel application of graph theory, we reveal the complex 3‐D fracture path at the molecular scale and show that fracture energy in brittle hybrid glasses is fundamentally governed by the bond percolation properties of the network. The computational tools and scaling laws presented provide a robust predictive capability for guiding precursor selection and molecular network design of advanced hybrid organic‐inorganic materials.
Air‐Operable, High‐Mobility Organic Transistors with Semifluorinated Side Chains and Unsubstituted Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimide Cores: High Mobility and Environmental and Bias Stress Stability from the Perfluorooctylpropyl Side Chain
Authors: Jung Byung Jun , Lee Kyusang , Sun Jia , Andreou Andreas G. , Katz Howard E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractN,N′‐bis(3‐(perfluoroctyl)propyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid diimide (8–3‐NTCDI) was newly synthesized, as were related fluorooctylalkyl‐NTCDIs and alkyl‐NTCDIs. The 8–3‐NTCDI‐based organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) on an octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTS)‐treated Si/SiO2 substrate shows apparent electron mobility approaching 0.7 cm2 V‐1s‐1 in air. The fluorooctylethyl‐NTCDI (8–2‐NTCDI) and fluorooctylbutyl‐NTCDI (8–4‐NTCDI) had significantly inferior properties even though their chemical structures are only slightly different, and nonfluorinated decyl and undecyl NTCDIs did not operate predictably in air. From atomic force microscopy, the 8–3‐NTCDI active layer deposited with the substrate at 120 °C forms a polycrystalline film with grain sizes >4μm. Mobilities were stable in air for one week. After 100 days in air, the average mobility of three OTFTs decreased from 0.62 to 0.12 cm2 V‐1s‐1, but stabilized thereafter. The threshold voltage (VT) increased by 15 V in air, but only by 3 V under nitrogen, after one week. On/off ratios were stable in air throughout. We also investigated transistor stability to gate bias stress. The transistor on hexamethlydisilazane (HMDS) is more stable than that on OTS with mobility comparable to amorphous Si TFTs. VT shifts caused by ON (30 V) and OFF (–20 V) gate bias stress for the HMDS samples for 1 hour were 1.79 V and 1.27 V under N2, respectively, and relaxation times of 106 and 107 s were obtained using the stretched exponential model. These performances are promising for use in transparent display backplanes.
A Generalized System for Photoresponsive Membrane Rupture in Polymersomes
Authors: Kamat Neha P. , Robbins Gregory P. , Rawson Jeff , Therien Michael J. , Dmochowski Ivan J. , Hammer Daniel A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolymersomes are vesicles whose membranes comprise self‐assembled block copolymers. It has recently been shown that co‐encapsulating conjugated multiporphyrin dyes in a polymersome membrane with ferritin protein in the aqueous lumen confers photolability to the polymersome. In the present study, the photolability is shown to be extendable to vesicles containing dextran, an inert and inexpensive polysaccharide, as the luminal solute. How structural features of the polymersome/porphyrin/dextran composite affect its photoresponse is explored. Increasing dextran molecular weight, decreasing block copolymer molecular weight, and altering fluorophore‐membrane interactions results in increasing the photoresponsiveness of the polymersomes. Amphiphilic interactions of the luminal encapsulant with the membrane coupled with localized heat production in the hydrophobic bilayer likely cause differential thermal expansion in the membrane and the subsequent membrane rupture. This study suggests a general approach to impart photoresponsiveness to any biomimetic vesicle system without chemical modification, as well as a simple, bio‐inert method for constructing photosensitive carriers for controlled release of encapsulants.
Multifunctional Triphenylamine/Oxadiazole Hybrid as Host and Exciton‐Blocking Material: High Efficiency Green Phosphorescent OLEDs Using Easily Available and Common Materials
Authors: Tao Youtian , Wang Qiang , Yang Chuluo , Zhong Cheng , Qin Jingui , Ma Dongge 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new triphenylamine/oxadiazole hybrid, namely m‐TPA‐o‐OXD, formed by connecting the meta‐position of a phenyl ring in triphenylamine with the ortho‐position of 2,5‐biphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole, is designed and synthesized. The new bipolar compound is applicable in the phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) as both host and exciton‐blocking material. By using the new material and the optimization of the device structures, very high efficiency green and yellow electrophosphorescence are achieved. For example, by introducing 1,3,5‐tris(N‐phenylbenzimidazol‐2‐yl)benzene (TPBI) to replace 2, 9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1, 10‐phenanthroline (BCP)/tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline)aluminium (Alq3) as hole blocking/electron transporting layer, followed by tuning the thicknesses of hole‐transport 1, 4‐bis[(1‐naphthylphenyl)amino]biphenyl (NPB) layer to manipulate the charge balance, a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηEQE,max) of 23.0% and a maximum power efficiency (ηp,max) of 94.3 lm W−1 are attained for (ppy)2Ir(acac) based green electrophosphorescence. Subsequently, by inserting a thin layer of m‐TPA‐o‐OXD as self triplet exciton block layer between hole‐transport and emissive layer to confine triplet excitons, a ηEQE,max of 23.7% and ηp,max of 105 lm W−1 are achieved. This is the highest efficiency ever reported for (ppy)2Ir(acac) based green PHOLEDs. Furthermore, the new host m‐TPA‐o‐OXD is also applicable for other phosphorescent emitters, such as green‐emissive Ir(ppy)3 and yellow‐emissive (fbi)2Ir(acac). A yellow electrophosphorescent device with ηEQE,max of 20.6%, ηc,max of 62.1 cd A−1, and ηp,max of 61.7 lm W−1, is fabricated. To the author’s knowledge, this is also the highest efficiency ever reported for yellow PHOLEDs.
Self‐Propagating Domino‐like Reactions in Oxidized Graphite
Authors: Kim Franklin , Luo Jiayan , Cruz‐Silva Rodolfo , Cote Laura J. , Sohn Kwonnam , Huang Jiaxing 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGraphite oxide (GO) has received extensive interest as a precursor for the bulk production of graphene‐based materials. Here, the highly energetic nature of GO, noted from the self‐propagating thermal deoxygenating reaction observed in solid state, is explored. Although the resulting graphene product is quite stable against combustion even in a natural gas flame, its thermal stability is significantly reduced when contaminated with potassium salt by‐products left from GO synthesis. In particular, the contaminated GO becomes highly flammable. A gentle touch with a hot soldering iron can trigger violent, catastrophic, total combustion of such GO films, which poses a serious fire hazard. This highlights the need for efficient sample purification methods. Typically, purification of GO is hindered by its tendency to gelate as the pH value increases during rinsing. A two‐step, acid–acetone washing procedure is found to be effective for suppressing gelation and thus facilitating purification. Salt‐induced flammability is alarming for the fire safety of large‐scale manufacturing, processing, and storage of GO materials. However, the energy released from the deoxygenation of GO can also be harnessed to drive new reactions for creating graphene‐based hybrid materials. Through such domino‐like reactions, graphene sheets decorated with metal and metal oxide particles are synthesized using GO as the in situ power source. Enhanced electrochemical capacitance is observed for graphene sheets loaded with RuO2 nanoparticles.
In situ Porous Structures: A Unique Polymer Erosion Mechanism in Biodegradable Dipeptide‐Based Polyphosphazene and Polyester Blends Producing Matrices for Regenerative Engineering
Authors: Deng Meng , Nair Lakshmi S. , Nukavarapu Syam P. , Kumbar Sangamesh G. , Jiang Tao , Weikel Arlin L. , Krogman Nicholas R. , Allcock Harry R. , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSynthetic biodegradable polymers serve as temporary substrates that accommodate cell infiltration and tissue in‐growth in regenerative medicine. To allow tissue in‐growth and nutrient transport, traditional three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds must be prefabricated with an interconnected porous structure. Here a unique polymer erosion process through which polymer matrices evolve from a solid coherent film to an assemblage of microspheres with an interconnected 3D porous structure is demonstrated for the first time. This polymer system is developed on the highly versatile platform of polyphosphazene‐polyester blends. Co‐substituting a polyphosphazene backbone with both hydrophilic glycylglycine dipeptide and hydrophobic 4‐phenylphenoxy group generates a polymer with strong hydrogen bonding capacity. Rapid hydrolysis of the polyester component permits the formation of 3D void space filled with self‐assembled polyphosphazene spheres. Characterization of such self‐assembled porous structures reveals macropores (10–100 μm) between spheres as well as micro‐ and nanopores on the sphere surface. A similar degradation pattern is confirmed In vivo using a rat subcutaneous implantation model. 12 weeks of implantation results in an interconnected porous structure with 82–87% porosity. Cell infiltration and collagen tissue in‐growth between microspheres observed by histology confirms the formation of an in situ 3D interconnected porous structure. It is determined that the in situ porous structure results from unique hydrogen bonding in the blend promoting a three‐stage degradation mechanism. The robust tissue in‐growth of this dynamic pore forming scaffold attests to the utility of this system as a new strategy in regenerative medicine for developing solid matrices that balance degradation with tissue formation.
Polymer characterization by ultrasonic wave propagation
Authors: Lionetto Francesca , Maffezzoli Alfonso 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe propagation of low‐intensity ultrasound in polymers, acting as a high‐frequency dynamic mechanical deformation, can be successfully used to monitor changes in the modulus of polymers associated with glass transition, crystallization, cross‐linking, and other chemical and physical phenomena related to changes in the viscoelastic behavior, such as gelation phenomena. The velocity of sound is related to the polymer storage modulus and density, whereas the absorption of ultrasonic waves is related to the energy dissipation in the material and, therefore, to the loss modulus. Accordingly, ultrasonic measurements have been used by several authors to monitor the evolution of the viscoelastic moduli of polymers as a function of time or temperature and, recently, become a characterization technique of its own right, generally known as ultrasonic dynamic mechanical analysis (UDMA). Often the technique is used in conjunction with rheological methods as a means of providing a better insight into the viscoelastic behavior of polymer systems. As yet UDMA is underutilized primarily because of the low operating temperatures (usually below 100○C) of commercially available ultrasonic transducers, and also due to the requirement of a coupling medium to ensure an efficient energy transfer mechanism between the transducer and the test material. Despite these limitations, this paper shows that the use of ultrasonics is potentially a powerful method for the characterization of polymers, particularly as a tool for online monitoring of events occurring during polymer processing and in the manufacture of polymer matrix composites. The aim of this paper is to review the progress made in recent years, highlighting the potential and reliability of UDMA for monitoring physical transitions in polymers such as glass transition, melting, crystallization, as well as physical changes taking place during curing of thermosetting resins. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 27:63–73, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20124