bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periarticular bone structure in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy individuals assessed by high‐resolution computed tomography
Authors: Stach Christian M. , Bäuerle Michael , Englbrecht Matthias , Kronke Gerhard , Engelke Klaus , Manger Bernhard , Schett Georg 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo define the nature of structural bone changes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with those in healthy individuals by using the novel technique of high‐resolution microfocal computed tomography (micro‐CT).MethodsFifty‐eight RA patients and 30 healthy individuals underwent a micro‐CT scan of the proximal wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints. Bone lesions such as cortical breaks, osteophytes, and surface changes were quantified on 2‐dimensional (2‐D) slices as well as by using 3‐D reconstruction images, and exact localization of lesions was recorded.ResultsMicro‐CT scans could detect bone lesions <0.5 mm in width or depth. Small erosions could be observed in healthy individuals and RA patients, whereas lesions >1.9 mm in diameter were highly specific for RA. Cortical breaks were mostly found along the radial sites of the metacarpal heads. No significant difference in the presence of osteophytes between healthy individuals and RA patients was found. Cortical surface changes, presumably cortical thinning and fenestration, became evident from 3‐D reconstructions and were more pronounced in RA patients.ConclusionMicro‐CT allows exact detection of morphologic changes of juxtaarticular bone in healthy individuals and RA patients. Even healthy individuals occasionally show bone changes, but the severity of these lesions, with the exception of osteophytes, is greater in RA patients. Thus, micro‐CT allows accurate differentiation among physiologic bone changes in joints and among types of pathologic bone damage resulting from RA.
Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles between primary knee osteoarthritis and an osteoarthritis endemic to Northwestern China, Kashin‐Beck disease
Authors: Duan Chen , Guo Xiong , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Yu Han‐Jie , Yan Hua , Gao Ying , Ma Wei‐Juan , Gao Zong‐Qiang , Xu Peng , Lammi Mikko 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the differences in gene expression profiles of adult articular cartilage from patients with Kashin‐Beck disease (KBD) versus those with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsThe messenger RNA expression profiles of articular cartilage from patients with KBD, diagnosed according to the clinical criteria for KBD in China, were compared with those of cartilage from patients with OA, diagnosed according to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index. Total RNA was isolated separately from 4 pairs of the KBD and OA cartilage samples, and the expression profiles were evaluated by Agilent 4×44k Whole Human Genome density oligonucleotide microarray analysis. The microarray data for selected transcripts were confirmed by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) amplification.ResultsFor 1.2 × 104 transcripts, corresponding to 58.4% of the expressed transcripts, 2‐fold changes in differential expression were revealed. Expression levels higher in KBD than in OA samples were observed in a mean ± SD 6,439 ± 1,041 (14.6 ± 2.4%) of the transcripts, and expression levels were lower in KBD than in OA samples in 6,147 ± 1,222 (14.2 ± 2.8%) of the transcripts. After application of the selection criteria, 1.85% of the differentially expressed genes (P < 0.001 between groups) were detected. These included 233 genes, of which 195 (0.4%) were expressed at higher levels and 38 (0.08%) were expressed at lower levels in KBD than in OA cartilage. Comparisons of the quantitative RT‐PCR data supported the validity of our microarray data.ConclusionDifferences between KBD and OA cartilage exhibited a similar pattern among all 4 of the pairs examined, indicating the presence of disease mechanisms, mainly chondrocyte matrix metabolism, cartilage degeneration, and apoptosis induction pathways, which contribute to cartilage destruction in KBD.
An eye‐tracking study on information processing in risky decisions: Evidence for compensatory strategies based on automatic processes
Authors: Glöckner Andreas , Herbold Ann‐Katrin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMany everyday decisions have to be made under risk and can be interpreted as choices between gambles with different outcomes that are realized with specific probabilities. The underlying cognitive processes were investigated by testing six sets of hypotheses concerning choices, decision times, and information search derived from cumulative prospect theory, decision field theory, priority heuristic and parallel constraint satisfaction models. Our participants completed 40 decision tasks of two gambles with two non‐negative outcomes each. Information search was recorded using eye‐tracking technology. Results for choices, decision time, the amount of information searched for, fixation durations, the direction of the information search, and the distribution of fixations conflict with the prediction of the non‐compensatory priority heuristic and indicate that individuals use compensatory strategies. Choice proportions are well in line with the predictions of cumulative prospect theory. Process measures indicate that individuals thereby do not rely on deliberate calculations of weighted sums. Information integration processes seem to be better explained by models that partially rely on automatic processes such as decision field theory or parallel constraint satisfaction models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐Time Monitoring of RNA Synthesis in a Phospholipid‐Coated Microdroplet as a Live‐Cell Model
Authors: Tsuji Akihiko , Yoshikawa Kenichi 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe constructed a phospholipid‐coated water‐in‐oil microdroplet (20‐60 μm in diameter) that encapsulated plasmid DNA containing a human β‐actin cDNA sequence, fluorescent oligonucleotide probes, and other components of the transcription reaction. Transcription inside individual microdroplets was investigated in real time by using fluorescence microscopy. The progress of the transcription reaction was successively monitored by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which was derived from the specific hybridization of fluorescent oligonucleotide probes to the β‐actin mRNAs synthesized. In microdroplets composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, DNAs were located in the aqueous phase or on the membrane surface depending on the MgII concentration. FRET images showed that transcription occurred on DNA in both states. Moreover, individual DNA molecules undergoing transcription were visualized as discrete FRET signals in cases in which small numbers of DNAs were present in the microdroplet.
Colloidally Prepared Pt Nanoparticles for Heterogeneous Gas‐Phase Catalysis: Influence of Ligand Shell and Catalyst Loading on CO Oxidation Activity
Authors: Fenske Daniela , Sonström Patrick , Stöver Jörg , Wang Xiaodong , Borchert Holger , Parisi Jürgen , Kolny‐Olesiak Joanna , Bäumer Marcus , Al‐Shamery Katharina 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn contrast to conventional methods, colloidally prepared heterogeneous supported metal catalysts are excellent systems to study the catalytic properties as a function of metal loading, monodispersity, particle shape, or the type of support without changing the other parameters, as will be demonstrated herein. Colloidal, ligand‐capped Pt nanoparticles deposited on oxide supports are investigated for CO adsorption and oxidation. Dodecylamine and different alkanethiols are used as ligands. IR spectroscopic experiments reveal that small molecules, such as CO, can pass through the ligand shell and can adsorb on the particle surface, even if the ligand shell is not removed by a special pretreatment. The ability to penetrate the shell was found to depend on the type of ligand used which renders ligand‐capped nanoparticles potentially interesting for reaction and selectivity control. In the case of CO oxidation, high activity is detected only at temperatures at which a partial loss of ligands has already occurred, resulting in a rather similar catalytic behavior independent on the type of ligand. However, there are no indications for poisoning of the catalysts by decomposition of the ligand shell. Simple purification procedures of the Pt nanoparticles are sufficient to avoid further poisoning effects. Depositing nanoparticles with the same size in different amounts on a support enabled a detailed study of the influence of metal loading on the activity. The activity per gram metal increases with the metal loading. Local autothermal heating is responsible for this effect, which is also detected for a reference system consisting of Pt nanoparticles prepared without a ligand shell.
Color constancy from invariant wavelength ratios. II. The nonspectral and global mechanisms
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGiven the spectral mechanism of color constancy (Part I of this series), the remaining nonspectral mechanism is formulated here in Part II by the constraint of correlation with known spectral illuminant–invariant functions, i.e., invariant wavelength ratios between constant hues, which plot straight parallel lines in the plane of wavelength and reciprocal illuminant color temperature (MK−1). The same is assumed to apply to nonspectral constant hues in the same plane and dominant wavelength scale extended to cover the nonspectrals (see accompanying article “Relative wavelength metric for the complete hue cycle …”). To simplify analysis, stimuli are optimal aperture colors; their monochromatic stimuli lie between 442 and 613 nm, common boundaries with optimal compound stimuli (nonspectrals). It is shown that the wavelengths and invariant ratios of spectral constant hues can be formulated exactly (±0.5%) from the ratios of an harmonic period, which shifts wavelength with MK−1. The formula implies this color‐constant hue cycle is isomorphic across illuminants and allows prediction of nonspectral constant hues. To identify these colorimetrically, their spectral complementary wavelengths are specified for various illuminants. This completes theglobal color constancy mechanism for the illuminant color temperature range 2800 to 25,000 K. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Step‐Mediated Anisotropic Adsorption and Condensation of tert‐Butylamine on Cu(111)
Authors: Chen Yumin , Deng Ke , Qiu Xiaohui , Wang Chen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractScanning tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied in studying the anisotropic adsorption and condensation of tert‐butylamine (t‐BA) molecules in the vicinity of the steps on the Cu(111) surface. The preferential adsorption at the upper step edges and uneven distribution of t‐BA in the vicinity of the steps illustrate the asymmetric electronic structure of the surface steps. Our observation demonstrates that the adsorption and diffusion of a polar molecule would be significantly mediated by steps on metal surfaces due to the molecule–step interaction and the intermolecular interactions.
The 19S proteasomal lid subunit POH1 enhances the transcriptional activation by Mitf in osteoclasts
Authors: Schwarz Toni , Sohn Chee , Kaiser Bria , Jensen Eric D. , Mansky Kim C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (Mitf) regulates gene expression required for osteoclast differentiation. Genes regulated by Mitf have been previously identified. However, proteins that interact and regulate Mitf's activity in osteoclasts are not well known. Here, we report that POH1, a subunit of the 19S proteasome lid is a regulator of Mitf. We show that POH1 and Mitf interact in osteoclasts and that this interaction is dependent on RANKL signaling. Overexpression of POH1 increased Mitf's activation of 5XGal4‐TK and Acp5 promoters. The amino terminus of POH1 mediates the binding to Mitf and is sufficient to increase Mitf's transcriptional activity. Finally, we show that mutations in the JAMM motif of POH1 reduced Mitf activation of promoters. In summary, our results identify a novel mechanism of Mitf regulation in osteoclasts by POH1. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 967–974, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal dissociation of tripropylamine as the first step in the growth of carbon nanotubes inside AlPO4‐5 channels
Authors: Liu J. W. , Liu Z. F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTripropylamine (TPA) is a template for the synthesis of porous AlPO4‐5, whose calcination in the absence of air leads to the formation of 4 Å single‐walled carbon nanotubes. The thermal dissociation of TPA is the first step in this remarkable process. We examined the dissociation mechanisms of TPA by first principles calculations, under three types of conditions. In the gas phase, the unimolecular dissociation was a complex process initiated by the breaking of either the NCα and the CαCβ bonds. Within a confined space inside neutral zeolitic channels, the diffusion of H radicals enhanced a cycle of reactions to produce dipropylamine and monopropylamine, in agreement with experimental observations. In the presence of an acidic site, the dissociation of TPA was catalyzed to produce ammonia and propylene molecules, which were identified as the precursors for the eventual formation of carbon nanotubes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells express the pericyte marker 3G5 in culture and show enhanced chondrogenesis in hypoxic conditions
Authors: Khan Wasim S. , Adesida Adetola B. , Tew Simon R. , Lowe Emma T. , Hardingham Timothy E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells are a potential source of cells for the repair of articular cartilage defects. Hypoxia has been shown to improve chondrogenesis in some cells. In this study, bone marrow‐derived stem cells were characterized and the effects of hypoxia on chondrogenesis investigated. Adherent bone marrow colony‐forming cells were characterized for stem cell surface epitopes, and then cultured as cell aggregates in chondrogenic medium under normoxic (20% oxygen) or hypoxic (5% oxygen) conditions. The cells stained strongly for markers of adult mesenchymal stem cells, and a high number of cells were also positive for the pericyte marker 3G5. The cells showed a chondrogenic response in cell aggregate cultures and, in lowered oxygen, there was increased matrix accumulation of proteoglycan, but less cell proliferation. In hypoxia, there was increased expression of key transcription factor SOX6, and of collagens II and XI, and aggrecan. Pericytes are a candidate stem cell in many tissue, and our results show that bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells express the pericyte marker 3G5. The response to chondrogenic culture in these cells was enhanced by lowered oxygen tension. This has important implications for tissue engineering applications of bone marrow‐derived stem cells. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:834–840, 2010
Mesenchymal stem cells accelerate bone allograft incorporation in the presence of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Breitbart Eric A. , Meade Sharonda , Azad Vikrant , Yeh Sloane , Al‐Zube Loay , Lee Yee‐Shuan , Benevenia Joseph , Arinzeh Treena Livingston , Lin Sheldon S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAllograft (Allo) incorporation in the presence of a systemic disease like diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a major issue in the orthopedic community. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells that may be derived from adult, whole bone marrow and have been shown to induce bone formation in segmental defects when combined with the appropriate carrier/scaffold. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of DM upon Allo incorporation in a segmental rat femoral defect and to also investigate MSC augmentation of Allo incorporation. Segmental (5 mm) femoral defects were created in non‐DM and DM rats and treated with Allo containing demineralized bone matrix (DBM) or DBM with MSC augmentation. Histological scoring at 4 weeks demonstrated less mature bone in the DM/DBM group compared to its non‐DM counterpart (p < 0.001). However, there was significantly more mature bone in the DM/MSC group when compared to the DM/DBM group at both 4 and 8 weeks (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004). Furthermore, significantly more bone formation was observed in the DM/MSC group compared to the DM/DBM group at the 4‐week time point (p < 0.001). The results of this study suggest that MSC are a potential adjunct for bone regeneration when implanted in an orthotopic site in the presence of DM. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:942–949, 2010
Nano‐scale topography of bearing surface in advanced alumina/zirconia hip joint before and after severe exposure in water vapor environment
Authors: Pezzotti Giuseppe , Saito Takuma , Padeletti Giuseppina , Cossari Pierluigi , Yamamoto Kengo 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to perform a surface morphology assessment with nanometer scale resolution on femoral heads made of an advanced zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composite. Femoral heads were characterized to a degree of statistical accuracy in the as‐received state and after exposures up to 100 h in severe vapor‐moist environment. Surface screening was made using an atomic force microscope (AFM). Scanning was systematically repeated on portions of surface as large as several tens of micrometers, randomly selected on the head surface, to achieve sufficient statistical reliability without lowering the nanometer‐scale spatial resolution of the roughness measurement. No significant difference was found in the recorded values of surface roughness after environmental exposure (at 134°C, under 2 bar), which was always comparable to that of the as‐received head. Surface roughness safely lay <10 nm after environmental exposures up to 100 h, which corresponded to an exposure time in vivo of several human lifetimes (i.e., according to an experimentally derived thermal activation energy). In addition, the roughness results were significantly (about one order of magnitude) lower as compared to those recorded on femoral heads made of monolithic zirconia tested under the same conditions. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:762–766, 2010
Hyaluronan modulates cell proliferation and mRNA expression of adhesion‐related procollagens and cytokines in glenohumeral synovial/capsular fibroblasts in adhesive capsulitis
Authors: Nago Masaru , Mitsui Yasuhiro , Gotoh Masafumi , Nakama Kenjirou , Shirachi Isao , Higuchi Fujio , Nagata Kensei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThere is a growing body of evidence supporting the use of hyaluronan (HA) in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder, although the mechanisms of the effect have not yet been clarified. This in vitro study examined the effects of HA on glenohumeral synovial/capsular fibroblasts (GSCFs) from patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. The study subjects were seven patients with primary or secondary adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (average age: 55 years; range: 42–65). Synovial/capsular specimens were obtained from the rotator interval of each patient during arthroscopy. Part of the tissue specimen was used for histological analysis. The remainder of the tissue was prepared for cell culture. Various concentrations of HA (0.0–4.0 mg/mL) were added to the monolayer‐cultured GSCFs from these patients. Histological analysis consistently demonstrated chronic nonspecific inflammation with synovial hyperplasia, proliferation of vessels and fibroblasts, and increased amount of extracellular matrix. Treatment with HA at various concentrations significantly and dose‐dependently inhibited cell proliferation and decreased the expression levels of mRNA for adhesion‐related procollagens and cytokines. Pretreatment with OS/37 did not reverse the inhibitory effect of HA. These results suggest that HA modulates cell proliferation and expression of the mRNA of adhesion‐related procollagens and cytokines in GSCFs, preventing the progression of adhesion formation in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:726–731, 2010
A nonrandomized comparison of potassium titanyl phosphate and CO2 laser fiber stapedotomy for primary otosclerosis with the otology‐neurotology database
Authors: Vincent Robert , Grolman Wilko , Oates John , Sperling Neil , Rovers Maroeska 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To compare short‐term hearing results in patients undergoing laser stapedotomy for primary otosclerosis using either the flexible potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) or CO2 laser fiber.Study Design:Prospective nonrandomized clinical study at a tertiary referral center.Methods:Two hundred fourteen patients undergoing 214 stapedotomies for otosclerotic stapes fixation were enrolled in this study from January 2008 to January 2010. Comparative analyses were made between a group of 107 patients who underwent stapedotomy with the flexible KTP laser fiber and 107 patients who underwent stapedotomy with the flexible CO2 laser fiber. Preoperative and postoperative audiometric evaluation at 3 months using conventional audiometry, namely, air‐bone gap (ABG), bone‐conduction thresholds, and air‐conduction thresholds, were assessed.Results:In the KTP laser group the postoperative ABG was 4.3 dB compared to 3 dB in the CO2 group, which is a mean difference of 1.3 dB (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.3 to 2.8; P = .10). Of the patients from the KTP group, 92% had a postoperative ABG of 10 dB or less, as compared to 97% in the CO2 group (mean difference 5%; 95% CI, –10 to 1; P = .14). The postoperative ABG at 4 kHz was 4.9 dB in the KTP and 2.2 dB in the CO2 group, which is a mean difference of 2.7 dB (95% CI, 0.6–4.7, P = .01). No sensorineural hearing loss was reported.Conclusions:The use of the CO2 laser fiber appears to be associated with slightly better hearing results than the KTP laser fiber, especially when assessed at the 4 kHz frequency. Laryngoscope, 2010