bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A block quaternion GMRES method and its convergence analysis
Authors: Şimşek Sinem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider the quaternion linear system $$AX = B$$

A
X
=
B

for the unknown matrix X, where A, B are given $$n\times n$$

n
×
n

, $$n\times s$$

n
×
s

matrices with quaternion entries, motivated by applications that arise from fields such as quantum mechanics and signal processing. Our primary concern is the large-scale setting when n is large so that direct solutions are not feasible. We describe a block Krylov subspace method for the iterative solution of these quaternion linear systems. One difference compared to usual block Krylov subspace methods over complex Euclidean spaces is that the multiplication of quaternion scalars is not commutative. We describe a block quaternion Arnoldi process, taking noncommutativity features of quaternions into account, to generate an orthonormal basis for the quaternion Krylov space $$\text {blockspan} \{ R_0, A R_0, \dots , A^k R_0 \}$$

blockspan
{

R
0

,
A

R
0

,
⋯
,

A
k

R
0

}

, where $$R_0 = B - A X_0$$

R
0

=
B
-
A

X
0

and $$X_0$$

X
0

is an initial guess for the solution. Then the best solution of $$AX = B$$

A
X
=
B

in the least-squares sense is sought in the generated Krylov space. We explain how these least-squares problems over quaternion Krylov spaces can be solved efficiently by means of Householder reflectors. Most notably, we analyze rigorously the convergence of the proposed block quaternion GMRES approach when A is diagonalizable, and in the more general setting when A is not necessarily diagonalizable by making use of the Jordan form of A. Finally, we report numerical results that confirm the validity of the deduced theoretical convergence results, in particular illustrate that the proposed block quaternion Krylov subspace method converges quickly when A has clustered eigenvalues.
Mental simulation of colour properties during language comprehension: influence of context and comprehension stages
Authors: Liu Donglin , Wang Lijuan , Han Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMany studies have shown that mental simulation may occur during language comprehension. Supporting evidence is derived from the matching effects in the sentence-picture verification (SPV) task often used to assess mental simulations of object properties, such as size, orientation, and shape. However, mixed results have been obtained regarding object colour, with researchers reporting matching or mismatching effects. This study investigated the impact of colour information clarity within sentences on the process of mental simulation during language comprehension. Employing the SPV task and using novel objects, we examined whether there is a mental simulation of colour after excluding typical/atypical colour bias and how varying levels of colour information clarity in sentences influence the emergence of matching effects at different stages of comprehension. To address these issues, we conducted two experiments. In Experiment 1, the participants read normal sentences and subsequently engaged in picture verification with a novel object after a 500 ms delay. In Experiment 2, the participants encountered sentences containing both clear and unclear colour information and, after either a 0 ms or 1500 ms interval, completed picture verification tasks with a novel object. Null effects were found in the 500 ms condition for normal sentences and the 0 ms condition for unclear colour information sentences. A mismatching effect appeared in the 0 ms condition after clear colour information sentences, and a matching effect appeared in the 1500 ms condition for all sentences. The results indicated that after excluding colour bias, the participants still formed mental simulations of colour during language comprehension. Our results also indicated that ongoing colour simulation with time pressure impacted the participant responses. The participants ignored unclear colour information under time pressure, but without time pressure, they constructed simulations that were as detailed as possible, regardless of whether the implicit colour information in the sentence was clear.
Assessing Structural Racism and Discrimination Along the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Continuum: A Systematic Review
Authors: Seyedroudbari Sara , Ghadimi Fatemeh , Grady Gabriela , Uzosike Obinna , Nkwihoreze Hervette , Jemmott John B. , Momplaisir Florence 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStructural racism and discrimination (SRD) is deeply embedded across U.S. healthcare institutions, but its impact on health outcomes is challenging to assess. The purpose of this systematic literature review is to understand the impact of SRD on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum outcomes across U.S. populations who could benefit from HIV prevention. Guided by PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of the published literature up to September 2023 using PubMed and PsycInfo and included peer-reviewed articles meeting inclusion criteria. At least two authors independently screened studies, performed quality assessments, and abstracted data relevant to the topic. Exposure variables included race/ethnicity and any level of SRD (interpersonal, intra- and extra-organizational SRD). Outcomes consisted of any steps of the PrEP care continuum. A total of 66 studies met inclusion criteria and demonstrated the negative impact of SRD on the PrEP care continuum. At the interpersonal level, medical mistrust (i.e., lack of trust in medical organizations and professionals rooted from current or historical practices of discrimination) was negatively associated with almost all the steps across the PrEP care continuum: individuals with medical mistrust were less likely to have PrEP knowledge, adhere to PrEP care, and be retained in care. At the intra-organizational level, PrEP prescription was lower for Black patients due to healthcare provider perception of higher sex-risk behaviors. At the extra-organizational level, factors such as homelessness, low socioeconomic status, and incarceration were associated with decreased PrEP uptake. On the other hand, healthcare provider trust, higher patient education, and access to health insurance were associated with increased PrEP use and retention in care. In addition, analyses using race/ethnicity as an exposure did not consistently show associations with PrEP continuum outcomes. We found that SRD has a negative impact at all steps of the PrEP care continuum. Our results suggest that when assessing the effects of race/ethnicity without the context of SRD, certain relationships and associations are missed. Addressing multi-level barriers related to SRD are needed to reduce HIV transmission and promote health equity.
US Population Eligibility and Estimated Impact of Tirzepatide Treatment on Obesity Prevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Events
Authors: Wong Nathan D. , Karthikeyan Hridhay , Fan Wenjun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Tirzepatide promotes weight loss and reduces risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults with overweight and obesity. We examined the number of US adults eligible for tirzepatide and its impact on obesity and CVD events.

Methods
We identified US adults aged ≥ 18 years from the cross-sectional US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018 eligible for tirzepatide based on SURMOUNT-1 trial eligibility criteria. Weight changes in SURMOUNT-1 from tirzepatide 15 mg treatment were used to project the impact on weight change and obesity prevalence in the population assuming titration to this dosage. We estimated 10-year CVD risks from BMI-based Framingham CVD risk scores before and after applying tirzepatide 15 mg treatment BMI and risk factor effects from SURMOUNT-1, the differences in estimated risks multiplied by the eligible NHANES weighted population representing the estimated “preventable” CVD events.

Results
We identified 4015 US adults (estimated population size of 93.4 million [M]) to fit SURMOUNT-1 eligibility criteria, representing 38% of US adults. When the effects of 15 mg tirzepatide were applied, we estimated 70.6% (65.9 M) and 56.7% (53.0 M) of adults to show ≥ 15% and ≥ 20% reductions in weight, respectively, translating to 58.8% (55.0 M) fewer persons with obesity. Among those without CVD, estimated 10-year CVD risks were 10.1% “before” and 7.7% “after” tirzepatide “treatment” reflecting a 2.4% absolute (and 23.6% relative) risk reduction translating to 2.0 million preventable CVD events over 10 years.

Conclusion
Tirzepatide treatment in appropriate US adults may substantially reduce obesity prevalence and CVD events, impacting beneficially on associated healthcare costs.

Graphical Abstract
Involving Parents in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children and Adolescents with Conduct Problems: Goals, Outcome Expectations, and Normative Beliefs About Aggression are Targeted in Sessions with Parents and Their Child
Authors: Matthys Walter , Schutter Dennis J. L. G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChildren and adolescents with conduct problems participate in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), either in individual or group format, in view of learning social problem-solving skills that enable them to behave in more independent and situation-appropriate ways. Parents must support their child’s learning processes in everyday life and therefore these processes need attention in CBT sessions in which parents and their child participate. The social problem-solving model of CBT previously described (Matthys & Schutter, Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 25:552–572, 2022; Matthys & Schutter, Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 26:401–415, 2023) consists of nine psychological skills. In this narrative review we propose that instead of addressing each skill separately in sessions with both parents and their child, therapists work on three schemas (latent mental structures): (1) goals, (2) outcome expectations, and (3) normative beliefs about aggression. Based on social-cognitive and cognitive neuroscience studies we argue that these three schemas affect five core social problem-solving skills: (1) interpretation, (2) clarification of goals, (3) generations of solutions, (4) evaluation of solutions, and (5) decision-making. In view of tailoring CBT to the individual child’s characteristic schemas and associated social problem-solving skills, we suggest that children and adolescents participate in individual sessions with their parents. The therapist uses Socratic questioning in order to find out characteristic schemas of the child, encourage reflection on these schemas, and explore alternative schemas that had previously been outside the child’s attention. The therapist functions as a model for parents to ask their child questions about the relevant schemas with a view of achieving changes in the schemas.
Poly(lactic acid)/nanocellulose biocomposites for sustainable food packaging
Authors: Jacob Jissy , Linson Nihita , Mavelil-Sam Rubie , Maria Hanna J. , Pothan Laly A. , Thomas Sabu , Kabdrakhmanova Sana , Laroze David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractConsiderable interest in food packaging research has been prompted by the rising environmental impact of waste, customer awareness for readily accessible foods with extended shelf life, and ecological consciousness about the scarcity of natural resources. The utilization of plastic-based food packaging has resulted in a significant environmental concern due to the accumulation of substantial quantities of plastic in the surrounding areas. Research efforts are being motivated by ecological and health considerations in the pursuit of developing biodegradable films. Besides, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has been suggested as a possible substitute for petroleum-based polymers because of its sustainability, simple accessibility, and biodegradability. PLA is a biodegradable plastic made from sugar beet or maize starch that may be fermented by bacteria to generate material with desirable qualities like transparency and rigidity. However, there is a need for further improvement in certain properties of PLA, such as flexibility, toughness, permeability, and thermal properties. One potential approach for enhancing these attributes involves the integration of nano-reinforcement. The utilisation of nanocellulose derived from biomass has garnered significant interest in recent times owing to its renewable nature, ability to biodegrade, impressive mechanical strength, low density, and considerable economic worth. In this study, we present a comprehensive overview of the most up-to-date methods for synthesising nanocellulose and its use as a filler material in the manufacture of PLA nanocomposites for food packaging. In addition, this study examines the emerging challenges and potential advantages associated with the utilization of PLA biocomposites incorporated with nanocellulose in the food packaging sector.
Cantonese natural language processing in the transformers era: a survey and current challenges
Authors: Xiang Rong , Chersoni Emmanuele , Li Yixia , Li Jing , Huang Chu-Ren , Pan Yushan , Li Yushi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDespite being spoken by a large population of speakers worldwide, Cantonese is under-resourced in terms of the data scale and diversity compared to other major languages. This limitation has excluded it from the current “pre-training and fine-tuning” paradigm that is dominated by Transformer architectures. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review on the existing resources and methodologies for Cantonese Natural Language Processing, covering the recent progress in language understanding, text generation and development of language models. We finally discuss two aspects of the Cantonese language that could make it potentially challenging even for state-of-the-art architectures: colloquialism and multilinguality
A scoping literature review of the impact and evaluation of mathematics and statistics support in higher education
Authors: Mullen Claire , Howard Emma , Cronin Anthony 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a systematic scoping literature review of higher education mathematics and statistics support (MSS) evaluation focusing on its impact on students. MSS is defined as any additional organised mathematical and/or statistical aid offered to higher education students outside of their regular programme of teaching by parties within the students’ institution specifically assigned to give mathematical and/or statistical support. The objective of this review is to establish how MSS researchers investigate the effect of MSS on students and what that impact is. Based on a predefined protocol, five databases, the proceedings of eight conferences, two previous MSS literature reviews’ reference lists, and six mathematics education or MSS networks’ websites and reports were searched for publications in English since 2000. A two-round screening process resulted in 148 publications being included in the review which featured research from 12 countries. Ten formats of MSS, seven data sources (e.g., surveys), and 14 types of data (e.g., institution attainment, usage data) were identified with a range of analysis methods. Potential biases in MSS research were also considered. The synthesised results and discussion of this review include the mostly positive impact of MSS, issues in MSS evaluation research thus far, and rich opportunities for collaboration. The role MSS has and can play in mathematics education research is highlighted, looking towards the future of MSS evaluation research. Future directions suggested include more targeted systematic reviews, rigorous study design development, and greater cross-disciplinary and international collaboration.
Consumers’ knowledge and decisions on circularity: Albanian, Polish, and Portuguese perspectives
Authors: Duarte Nelson , Pereira Carla , Grzywińska-Rąpca Małgorzata , Kulli Altin , Goci Enkelejda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough the concept of Circular Economy (CE) has become popular in recent years, the transition towards a CE system requires a change in consumers’ behaviour. However, there is still limited knowledge of consumers’ efforts in CE initiatives. The present paper aims to analyse and compare consumers’ behaviour towards circular approaches and compare the results on items like generation and demographics. 495 answers were collected through a questionnaire from 3 countries (Albania, Poland, and Portugal). Data collected was analysed mainly through a Crosstabs analysis to identify associations or different behaviours regarding nationality, gender, generation, education, and place of residence. From the paper’s findings, we can emphasise that residents of EU countries seem to be more aware of the concept of circular economy. However, price is still a very important factor for EU residents when it comes to deciding on a greener purchase. Albanians (non-EU residents) tend to take a more linear approach when it comes to purchasing a new product regardless of its cost. Regarding the Digital Product Passport, a tool proposed by the European Commission through its Circular Economy Action Plan, non-EU residents have a better understanding of the concept. This tool seems to be more relevant for Millennials and Generation X. Generation Z, i.e., the tech generation, does not show an overwhelming propensity for technological options, such as online buying and digital technologies for a greener society.
Official risk communication for COVID-19 and beyond: can we do a better job?
Authors: Linkov Faina , Cummings Christopher L. , Dausey David J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic strained the infrastructure of public health systems worldwide and unearthed the social and institutional challenges of operating in a global crisis. This was exacerbated in the United States (U.S.), as public risk communication messages from local, state and federal public officials were rife with conflicting information. In this article, we unpack the perils of flawed risk communication and how it puts people at greater risk for infection and other secondary risks stemming from the pandemic mitigation behaviors. The choice to engage in preventive behaviors, such as social distancing, wearing facemasks, and frequently washing hands, differed dramatically across populations. On one extreme, some individuals, which we call the under-cautious, were hesitant to follow public health guidance regarding preventive behaviors, putting them at risk for COVID-19-associated morbidity. On the other end of this spectrum is another group, the over-cautious, who chose to physically remove themselves from social interactions, going beyond appropriate recommendations from experts to mitigate risk. This group may experience greater secondary risks associated with the pandemic, such as mental health issues, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. The infrastructural and communication challenges encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic must be further explored and mitigated. In the future, these campaigns need to target both the under-cautious and the over-cautious, as both extreme groups can potentially suffer health consequences in a pandemic.
Can we solve the Gamer’s Dilemma by resisting it?
Authors: Luck Morgan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Gamer’s Dilemma (Luck, 2009a) is a paradox concerning the moral permissibility of two types of acts performed within computer games. Some attempt to resolve the dilemma by finding a relevant difference between these two acts (Bartel, 2012; Patridge, 2013; Young, 2016; Nader, 2020; Kjeldgaard-Christiansen, 2020; and Milne & Ivankovic, 2021), or to dissolve the dilemma by arguing that the permissibility of these acts is not as they seem (Ali, 2015; Ramirez, 2020). More recently some have attempted to resist the dilemma by undermining the intuitions supporting it (Montefiore & Formosa, 2022; Formosa et al., 2023). The purpose of this paper is to consider what might follow from such resistance.
Subjective game structures: eliciting alternatives and payoffs to study the properties of social interactions
Authors: Fischer Ilan , Avrashi Shacked , Givon Lior 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study transforms subjective conflict perceptions into formally defined games, tests the reliability of the transformation, and explores the properties of several conflict scenarios. To this end we: (i) develop an illustration-based method that transforms implicit perceptions of expected outcomes and experiences into sets of structured numerical values, termed subjective game structures; (ii) develop a reliability index that compares the properties of two subjective games, allowing to test the consistency of repeatedly elicited games; (iii) empirically test game perceptions across eight conflict scenarios; and (iv) interpret the results in terms of two game taxonomies. The results reveal the capacity of the applied methods to transform vague social scenarios into reliable formal games, point to natural solutions, and show the distribution of games that characterizes each conflict scenario. The newly developed model and tools provide a potent instrument for studying a diverse array of social interactions, ranging from interpersonal relations to trade, political conflicts, and war. They represent invaluable resources for conducting polls, examining implicit attitudes, and assisting in the formulation of political, commercial, and social policies.
Potentials of using real-time data to increase the update frequency of production planning and control strategies in MTO: a discrete event simulation study
Authors: Woschank M. , Dallasega P. , König A. , Hoffelner M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, production planning and control strategies have gained increasing importance within manufacturing enterprises to stay competitive by enhancing the ability to meet and quickly adapt to the hyper-dynamic requirements of highly volatile markets. In this context, traditional production planning and control strategies like material requirements planning often result in long lead times and high work in progress due to their weak responsiveness to short-term fluctuations in demand. However, new production planning and control strategies and concepts based on the usage of real-time data, as a fundamental principle of Industry 4.0, may have the potential to compensate for the shortcomings of traditional approaches. By using a discrete event simulation based on the data of an electronics manufacturing company, the potential of using real-time data to increase the update frequency in different production planning and control strategies in make to order production systems is analyzed.
Canonial analysis of general relativity formulated with the new metric $$f^{ab}=(-g)^{\alpha }g^{ab}$$
Authors: Klusoň J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this short note we investigate canonical formalism for General Relativity which is formulated with the metric $$f^{ab}=(-g)^\alpha g^{ab}$$

f

ab

=

(
-
g
)

α

g

ab

. We find corresponding Hamiltonian and we show that constraint structure is the same as in the standard formulation. We also analyze another model when the spatial part of metric $$h^{ij}$$

h

ij

is related with the new one by relation $$a^{ij}=(\det h_{ij})^\beta h^{ij}$$

a

ij

=

(
det

h

ij

)

β

h

ij

and we argue that it corresponds to the gauge fixed version of the General Relativity formulated with the metric $$f^{ab}=(-g)^\alpha g^{ab}$$

f

ab

=

(
-
g
)

α

g

ab

.