bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideal current patterns yielding optimal signal‐to‐noise ratio and specific absorption rate in magnetic resonance imaging: Computational methods and physical insights
Authors: Lattanzi Riccardo , Sodickson Daniel K. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAt high and ultra‐high magnetic field strengths, understanding interactions between tissues and the electromagnetic fields generated by radiofrequency coils becomes crucial for safe and effective coil design as well as for insight into limits of performance. In this work, we present a rigorous electrodynamic modeling framework, using dyadic Green's functions, to derive the electromagnetic field in homogeneous spherical and cylindrical samples resulting from arbitrary surface currents in the presence or absence of a surrounding radiofrequency shield. We show how to calculate ideal current patterns that result in the highest possible signal‐to‐noise ratio (ultimate intrinsic signal‐to‐noise ratio) or the lowest possible radiofrequency power deposition (ultimate intrinsic specific absorption rate) compatible with electrodynamic principles. We identify familiar coil designs within optimal current patterns at low to moderate field strength, thereby establishing and explaining graphically the near‐optimality of traditional surface and volume quadrature designs. We also document the emergence of less familiar patterns, e.g., involving substantial electric‐ as well as magnetic‐dipole contributions, at high field strength. Performance comparisons with particular coil array configurations demonstrate that optimal performance may be approached with finite arrays if ideal current patterns are used as a guide for coil design. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model selection for DCE‐T1 studies in glioblastoma
Authors: Bagher‐Ebadian Hassan , Jain Rajan , Nejad‐Davarani Siamak P. , Mikkelsen Tom , Lu Mei , Jiang Quan , Scarpace Lisa , Arbab Ali S. , Narang Jayant , Soltanian‐Zadeh Hamid , Paudyal Ramesh , Ewing James. R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDynamic contrast enhanced T1‐weighted MRI using the contrast agent gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA) was performed on 10 patients with glioblastoma. Nested models with as many as three parameters were used to estimate plasma volume or plasma volume and forward vascular transfer constant (Ktrans) and the reverse vascular transfer constant (kep). These constituted models 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Model 1 predominated in normal nonleaky brain tissue, showing little or no leakage of contrast agent. Model 3 predominated in regions associated with aggressive portions of the tumor, and model 2 bordered model 3 regions, showing leakage at reduced rates. In the patient sample, vp was about four times that of white matter in the enhancing part of the tumor. Ktrans varied by a factor of 10 between the model 2 (1.9 ↔ 10−3 min−1) and model 3 regions (1.9 ↔ 10−2 min−1). The mean calculated interstitial space (model 3) was 5.5%. In model 3 regions, excellent curve fits were obtained to summarize concentration‐time data (mean R2 = 0.99). We conclude that the three parameters of the standard model are sufficient to fit dynamic contrast enhanced T1 data in glioblastoma under the conditions of the experiment. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantification of arterial cerebral blood volume using multiphase‐balanced SSFP‐based ASL
Authors: Yan Lirong , Li Cheng , Kilroy Emily , Wehrli Felix W. , Wang Danny J. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA new technique is introduced in this study for in vivo measurement of arterial cerebral blood volume by combining arterial spin labeling with a segmented multiphase balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) readout sequence. This technique takes advantage of the phenomenon that the longitudinal magnetization of flowing blood is not or only marginally disturbed (besides T1 relaxation) by the bSSFP ±α pulse train. When the blood water exchanges into tissue, it becomes quickly saturated by the bSSFP pulse train due to 0 velocity and reduced T1, T2 relaxation times. Therefore, labeled blood water behaves like an intravascular contrast agent in multiphase bSSFP scans, and can be used to quantify arterial cerebral blood volume in a similar way as dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI. Both Bloch equation simulation and in vivo experiments were carried out to demonstrate the feasibility for quantifying cerebral blood volume in arteries, arterioles, and capillaries using two variants of the proposed method. Functional MRI of visual cortex stimulation was further performed using multiphase bSSFP‐based arterial spin labeling and compared with vascular‐space occupancy contrast. The proposed multiphase bSSFP‐based arterial spin labeling technique may allow separation of cerebral blood volume of different vascular compartments for functional MRI studies and clinical evaluation of the cerebral vasculature. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Properties of single‐walled carbon nanotube‐based poly(phenylene vinylene) electroluminescent nanocomposites
Authors: AbdulBaki Mansour K. , Tangonan Andrew , Advincula Rigoberto C. , Randall Lee T. , Krishnamoorti Ramanan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDevices with varying concentrations of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) dispersed in three derivatives of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) are prepared, and their electroluminescent properties evaluated. Increasing the concentration of SWNTs improves the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. However, an undesired increase in the electroluminescence (EL) turn‐on voltage is observed for the hybrids, possibly due to photoluminescence quenching of excitons by the SWNTs. At relatively low concentrations of SWNTs, there is an increase in the EL lifetime; in contrast, at relatively high concentrations of SWNTs, due to photoluminescence quenching by the nanotubes, significant reduction in brightness and faster degradation of the EL performance of the devices is observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Clinical Issues—December 2011
Authors: Giarrizzo‐Wilson Sharon , Maxwell‐Downing Denise , Bianco Jessica 
Published: December 2011

This MonthPre‐charting patient care informationKey words: documentation, pre‐charting, corrections, electronic health record.Using the most current edition of the Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS)Key words: Perioperative Nursing Data Set, PNDS 3rd edition, PNDS 2nd edition, clinical terminology, versioning.Data quality and the electronic health record (EHR)Key words: data quality, electronic health record, retrospective data analysis, front‐end data acquisition.Assessing and improving the quality of health care dataKey words: data quality assurance, information quality, data quality control, subjective data metrics, objective data metrics.Electronic documentation and quality patient careKey words: nursing documentation, information system, designing an electronic documentation system.
Results of the 2011 AORN Salary and Compensation Survey
Authors: Bacon Donald 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAORN conducted its ninth annual compensation survey for perioperative nurses in June and July 2011. A multiple regression model was used to examine how a number of variables, including job title, education level, certification, experience, and geographic region, affect nurse compensation. Comparisons between the 2011 data and data from previous years are presented. The effects of other forms of compensation, such as on‐call compensation, overtime, bonuses, and shift differentials, on base compensation rates also are examined. Additional analyses explore the effect of the current economic downturn on the perioperative work environment.
Insular volume abnormalities associated with different transition probabilities to psychosis
Authors: Smieskova R. , Fusar-Poli P. , Aston J. , Simon A. , Bendfeldt K. , Lenz C. , Stieglitz R.-D. , McGuire P. , Riecher-Rössler A. , Borgwardt S. J. 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundAlthough individuals vulnerable to psychosis show brain volumetric abnormalities, structural alterations underlying different probabilities for later transition are unknown. The present study addresses this issue by means of voxel-based morphometry (VBM).MethodWe investigated grey matter volume (GMV) abnormalities by comparing four neuroleptic-free groups: individuals with first episode of psychosis (FEP) and with at-risk mental state (ARMS), with either long-term (ARMS-LT) or short-term ARMS (ARMS-ST), compared to the healthy control (HC) group. Using three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we examined 16 FEP, 31 ARMS, clinically followed up for on average 3 months (ARMS-ST, n=18) and 4.5 years (ARMS-LT, n=13), and 19 HC.ResultsThe ARMS-ST group showed less GMV in the right and left insula compared to the ARMS-LT (Cohen's d 1.67) and FEP groups (Cohen's d 1.81) respectively. These GMV differences were correlated positively with global functioning in the whole ARMS group. Insular alterations were associated with negative symptomatology in the whole ARMS group, and also with hallucinations in the ARMS-ST and ARMS-LT subgroups. We found a significant effect of previous antipsychotic medication use on GMV abnormalities in the FEP group.ConclusionsGMV abnormalities in subjects at high clinical risk for psychosis are associated with negative and positive psychotic symptoms, and global functioning. Alterations in the right insula are associated with a higher risk for transition to psychosis, and thus may be related to different transition probabilities.
Integrating rising powers: liberal systemic theory and the mechanism of competition
Authors: SNYDER QUDDUS Z. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWhy have non-Western powers, such as China, pursued a grand strategy of commercial integration into the liberal system? In developing a general theory of competitive pressure, this article builds upon a growing body of literature that seeks to develop a liberal systemic theory. Powerful network externalities – system-level pressures and incentives – have emerged as a by-product of the highly integrated liberal core. Outsiders have been moved by an interest in accessing these network benefits as well as a fear of falling behind in the struggle for relative power. In a plausibility probe, the article explores China's decision to join the world.
Confined linear molecules inside an aperiodic supramolecular crystal: The sequence of superspace phases in n-hexadecane/urea
Authors: Huard M. , Toudic B. , Rabiller P. , Ecolivet C. , Guérin L. , Bourges P. , Breczewski T. , Hollingsworth Mark D. 
Published: December 2011

High-resolution studies of the host-guest inclusion compound n-hexadecane/urea are reported at atmospheric pressure, using both cold neutrons and x-ray diffraction. This intergrowth crystal presents a misfit parameter, defined by the ratio ch/cg (chost/cguest), which is temperature independent and irrational (γ = 0.486 ± 0.002) from 300 to 30 K. Three different structural phases are reported for this aperiodic crystal over this temperature range. The crystallographic superspaces are of rank 4 in phases I and II, whereas phase III is associated with an increase in rank to 5, with a supplementary misfit parameter (δ = 0.058 ± 0.002) that is constant throughout this phase. The superspace group of phase I is hexagonal P6122(00γ) down to Tc1 = 149.5 ± 0.5 K; phase II, which persists down to Tc2 = 127.8 ± 0.5 K is orthorhombic P212121(00γ), and phase III is orthorhombic P212121(00γ)(00δ).
Processing light verb constructions
Authors: Wittenberg Eva , Piñango Maria Mercedes 
Published: December 2011

Henry gave Elsa a kiss
give
kiss
give
a kiss

We test two approaches to light verb constructions: (1) joint predication in light verb constructions is stored as pre-specified, and their high frequency predicts less processing cost. (2) Joint predication in light verb constructions is built in real-time. The entailed extra-syntactic composition predicts greater cost.
Results from a cross-modal lexical decision task show delayed, higher reaction times for light verb constructions, supporting (2), which is consistent with a linguistic architecture that has partly autonomous lexico-semantic storage and processing.
Is the SF‐12 version 2 Health Survey a valid and equivalent substitute for the SF‐36 version 2 Health Survey for the Chinese?
Authors: Lam Elegance T. P. , Lam Cindy L. K. , Fong Daniel Y. T. , Huang Wen Wei 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRationale and objectives  The scoring algorithm of the 12‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐12) was revised in the second version (SF‐12v2), but information on its psychometric properties is lacking. This study determined whether the SF‐12v2 was a valid and equivalent substitute for the SF‐36v2 Health Survey (version 2) for the Chinese.Methods  A total of 2410 Chinese adults in Hong Kong completed the SF‐36 Health Survey by telephone. The SF‐12v2 data were extracted from the SF‐36 data. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, and test–retest reliabilities were evaluated by intraclass correlation. Criterion validity and equivalence were assessed using the SF‐36v2 scores as a gold standard. Construct validity and sensitivity were assessed by known‐group comparison.Results  Internal consistency and test–retest reliabilities were good (range 0.67–0.82) for all except three scales. The SF‐12v2 summary scores explained >80% of the total variances of the SF‐36v2 summary scores. Construct validity and sensitivity were confirmed by significantly lower SF‐12v2 scores in people with chronic diseases than those without. Effect size differences were less than 0.3 and relative validities were greater than 0.7 between SF‐12v2 and SF‐36v2 scores for different groups.Conclusion  The SF‐12v2 was valid, reliable and sensitive for the Chinese. It is an equivalent substitute for the SF‐36v2 for the summary scales.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic testing of marbofloxacin administered as a single injection for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease
Authors: VALLÉ M. , SCHNEIDER M. , GALLAND D. , GIBOIN H. , WOEHRLÉ F. 
Published: December 2011

Vallé, M., Schneider, M., Galland, D., Giboin, H., Woehrlé, F. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic testing of marbofloxacin administered as a single injection for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 519–528.New approaches in Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) integration suggested that marbofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone already licensed for the treatment of bovine respiratory disease at a daily dosage of 2 mg/kg for 3–5 days, would be equally clinically effective at 10 mg/kg once (Forcyl®), whilst also reducing the risk of resistance. This marbofloxacin dosage regimen was studied using mutant prevention concentration (MPC), PK simulation, PK/PD integration and an in vitro dynamic system. This system simulated the concentration–time profile of marbofloxacin in bovine plasma established in vivo after a single 10 mg/kg intramuscular dose and killing curves of field isolated Pasteurellaceae strains of high (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) MIC ≤0.03 μg/mL), average (MIC of 0.12–0.25 μg/mL) and low (MIC of 1 μg/mL) susceptibility to marbofloxacin. The marbofloxacin MPC values were 2‐ to 4‐fold the MIC values for all Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida tested. Marbofloxacin demonstrated a concentration‐dependant killing profile with bactericidal activity observed within 1 h for most strains. No resistance development (MIC ≥4 μg/mL) was detected in the dynamic tests. Target values for risk of resistance PK/PD surrogates (area under the curve (AUC) AUC24 h/MPC and T>MPC/TMSW ratio) were achieved for all clinically susceptible pathogens. The new proposed dosing regimen was validated in vitro and by PK/PD integration confirming the single‐injection short‐acting antibiotic concept.
Association of KIR Genotypes and Haplotypes with Syphilis in a Chinese Han Population
Authors: Zhuang Y. L. , Song Y. , Zhu C. , Zhang Y. , Wang D. , Nie X. , Liu Y. , Ren G. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractKiller immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) can regulate the activation of NK and T cells in response to infection. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum spirochete bacterium. The objective of this study was to explore whether KIR genotypes and haplotypes were associated with syphilis in a Chinese Han population. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence‐specific primers (PCR–SSP) was used to identify the KIR genotypes in 190 patients with syphilis and 192 healthy controls. The frequency of genotype P was higher in healthy controls than that in patients with syphilis (P = 0.002), and its OR was 0.304, while the frequencies of genotypes AE and AG were higher in patients with syphilis than those in healthy controls. The frequency of haplotype 17 was lower, and its OR was 0.321, whereas the frequencies of haplotype 1 and 6 were higher in patients with syphilis than those in healthy controls. KIR haplotypes A and B have distinctive centromeric (Cen) and telomeric (Tel) gene content motifs. The frequency of Tel‐B/B was higher in patients with syphilis than that in healthy controls (P = 0.024). Based on these findings, it seems that individuals with the genotype AE, AG or Tel‐B/B, or haplotypes 1 and 6 are susceptible to syphilis, whereas individuals with genotype P or haplotype 17 are protective from syphilis in the Chinese Han population.
Respiratory health effects of diesel particulate matter
Authors: RISTOVSKI ZORAN D. , MILJEVIC BRANKA , SURAWSKI NICHOLAS C. , MORAWSKA LIDIA , FONG KWUN M. , GOH FELICIA , YANG IAN A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTParticulate matter (PM) emissions involve a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in a gas, where it is noted that PM emissions from diesel engines are a major contributor to the ambient air pollution problem. While epidemiological studies have shown a link between increased ambient PM emissions and respiratory morbidity and mortality, studies of this design are not able to identify the PM constituents responsible for driving adverse respiratory health effects. This review explores in detail the physico‐chemical properties of diesel PM (DPM) and identifies the constituents of this pollution source that are responsible for the development of respiratory disease. In particular, this review shows that the DPM surface area and adsorbed organic compounds play a significant role in manifesting chemical and cellular processes that if sustained can lead to the development of adverse respiratory health effects. The mechanisms of injury involved included inflammation, innate and acquired immunity, and oxidative stress. Understanding the mechanisms of lung injury from DPM will enhance efforts to protect at‐risk individuals from the harmful respiratory effects of air pollutants.
Additive effect of zoledronic acid on serum prostate‐specific antigen changes for hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis treated by combined androgen blockade
Authors: Kamiya Naoto , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Endo Takumi , Takano Makoto , Yano Masashi , Naoi Makito , Nishimi Daisuke , Kawamura Koji , Imamoto Takashi , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: December 2011

AbstractCombined androgen blockade is widely used to treat patients with advanced prostate cancer. Recently, zoledronic acid was proven to be effective in preventing skeletal‐related events for prostate cancer patients with bone metastases. Aim of the present study was to assess the effect of adding zoledronic acid to combined androgen blockade in the treatment of hormone‐naïve metastatic prostate cancer patients by analyzing the changes of biomarker levels. Patients were treated with either a combination of combined androgen blockade and zoledronic acid (n = 23) or combined androgen blockade alone (historical control combined androgen blockade group, n = 42). Zoledronic acid was injected intravenously at 4 mg every 4 weeks for 2 years. Prostate‐specific antigen and bone turnover markers (alkaline phosphatase and pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen) were examined before treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Sequential changes of prostate‐specific antigen, alkaline phosphatase and pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen for the two groups versus pretreatment levels were compared. Prostate‐specific antigen values in both groups significantly declined at 3, 6 and 12 months compared with pretreatment levels. However, the decline of the prostate‐specific antigen was lower in the combined androgen blockade group. Alkaline phosphatase significantly declined at 6 and 12 months in the combination of combined androgen blockade and zoledronic acid group, with no significant changes seen in the combined androgen blockade group. The addition of zoledronic acid to combined androgen blockade showed prostate‐specific antigen and bone turnover markers response compared with combined androgen blockade therapy only, suggesting a potential antitumor effect of zoledronic acid in the management of metastatic prostate cancer patients.
Testosterone in prostate cancer: the Bethesda consensus
Authors: Djavan Bob , Eastham James , Gomella Leonard , Tombal Bertrand , Taneja Samir , Dianat Seyed Saeid , Kazzazi Amir , Shore Neal , Abrahamsson Per‐Anders , Cheetham Philippa , Moul Judd , Lepor Herbert , Crawford E. David 
Published: December 2011

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Androgen stimulation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells has been the basis for extensive studies evaluating the role of androgen in PCa but the diagnostic measurement of androgen as well as androgen values that potentially influence prognosis are unclear in patients with PCa.The 50 ng/dL threshold has been questioned as a result of reports indicating worse outcomes for levels between 20 and 50 ng/dL. Instead, a 20 ng/dL threshold for serum testosterone after androgren deprivation therapy in patients with advanced PCa was recommended.OBJECTIVE
Androgen stimulation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells has been extensively studied. The increasing trend of using serum testosterone as an absolute surrogate for castration state means that the diagnostic measurement of testosterone and the values potentially influencing prognosis must be better understood. This is especially important when PCa progresses from an endocrine to an intracrine status.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We performed a literature review using the MEDLINE database for publications on: (i) hormonal changes with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT); (ii) monitoring hormonal therapy with testosterone measurement; (iii) the efficacy of intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) compared with continuous androgen deprivation; (iv) the underlying mechanisms of castration‐resistance; and (v) novel treatments for castration‐resistant PCa (CRPCa).
RESULTS
The optimum serum castration levels to be achieved with ADT are still debated. Recently, the 50 ng/dL threshold has been questioned because of reports indicating worse outcomes when levels between 20 and 50 ng/dL were studied. Instead, a 20 ng/dL threshold for serum testosterone after ADT in patients with advanced prostate cancer was recommended.
CONCLUSION
Understanding the mechanisms of androgen biosynthesis relating to PCa as well as prognostic implications might achieve a consensus regarding the role of ADT for both the androgen‐sensitive and ‐insensitive disease state.