bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurorehabilitation using the virtual reality based Rehabilitation Gaming System: methodology, design, psychometrics, usability and validation
Authors: Cameirão Mónica S , Badia Sergi Bermúdez i , Oller Esther Duarte , Verschure Paul FMJ 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundStroke is a frequent cause of adult disability that can lead to enduring impairments. However, given the life-long plasticity of the brain one could assume that recovery could be facilitated by the harnessing of mechanisms underlying neuronal reorganization. Currently it is not clear how this reorganization can be mobilized. Novel technology based neurorehabilitation techniques hold promise to address this issue. Here we describe a Virtual Reality (VR) based system, the Rehabilitation Gaming System (RGS) that is based on a number of hypotheses on the neuronal mechanisms underlying recovery, the structure of training and the role of individualization. We investigate the psychometrics of the RGS in stroke patients and healthy controls.MethodsWe describe the key components of the RGS and the psychometrics of one rehabilitation scenario called Spheroids. We performed trials with 21 acute/subacute stroke patients and 20 healthy controls to study the effect of the training parameters on task performance. This allowed us to develop a Personalized Training Module (PTM) for online adjustment of task difficulty. In addition, we studied task transfer between physical and virtual environments. Finally, we assessed the usability and acceptance of the RGS as a rehabilitation tool.ResultsWe show that the PTM implemented in RGS allows us to effectively adjust the difficulty and the parameters of the task to the user by capturing specific features of the movements of the arms. The results reported here also show a consistent transfer of movement kinematics between physical and virtual tasks. Moreover, our usability assessment shows that the RGS is highly accepted by stroke patients as a rehabilitation tool.ConclusionsWe introduce a novel VR based paradigm for neurorehabilitation, RGS, which combines specific rehabilitative principles with a psychometric evaluation to provide a personalized and automated training. Our results show that the RGS effectively adjusts to the individual features of the user, allowing for an unsupervised deployment of individualized rehabilitation protocols.
Purinergic Receptors are Involved in Tooth-Pulp Evoked Nocifensive Behavior and Brainstem Neuronal Activity
Authors: Adachi Kazunori , Shimizu Kohei , Hu James W , Suzuki Ikuko , Sakagami Hiroshi , Koshikawa Noriaki , Sessle Barry J , Shinoda Masamichi , Miyamoto Makiko , Honda Kuniya , Iwata Koichi 
Published: September 2010

Background:To evaluate whether P2X receptors are involved in responses to noxious pulp stimulation, the P2X3and P2X2/3receptor agonist α,β-methyleneATP (α,β-meATP) was applied to the molar tooth pulp and nocifensive behavior and extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc), trigeminal spinal subnucleus interpolaris (Vi), upper cervical spinal cord (C1/C2) and paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5) neurons were analyzed in rats.Results:Genioglossus (GG) muscle activity was evoked by pulpal application of 100 mM α,β-meATP and was significantly larger than GG activity following vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline PBS) application (p < 0.01). The enhanced GG muscle activity following 100 mM α,β-meATP was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by co-application of 1 mM TNP-ATP (P2X1, P2X3and, P2X2/3antagonist). A large number of pERK-LI cells were expressed in the Vc, Vi/Vc, C1/C2 and Pa5 at 5 min following pulpal application of 100 mM α,β-meATP compared to PBS application to the pulp (p < 0.05). The pERK-LI cell expression and GG muscle activity induced by 100 mM α,β-meATP pulpal application were significantly reduced after intrathecal injection of the MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD 98059 and by pulpal co-application of 1 mM TNP-ATP (p < 0.05).Conclusions:The present findings suggest that activation of P2X3and P2X2/3receptors in the tooth pulp is sufficient to elicit nociceptive behavioral responses and trigeminal brainstem neuronal activity.
A successfully treated case of herpes simplex encephalitis complicated by subarachnoid bleeding: a case report
Authors: Tonomura Yasuyo , Kataoka Hiroshi , Yata Noritaka , Kawahara Makoto , Okuchi Kazuo , Ueno Satoshi 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Histopathologically, herpes simplex virus type 1 causes hemorrhagic necrosis. Overt hemorrhage is infrequent in herpes simplex virus encephalitis but can lead to poor outcomes. This report describes a successfully treated case of herpes simplex virus encephalitis associated with subarachnoid bleeding in which real-time polymerase chain reaction was useful for diagnosis.

Case presentation
A 30-year-old previously healthy Japanese woman who had fever and headache for five days presented with disorganised speech, unusual behavior and delusional thinking. Real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification of herpes simplex virus type 1 in cerebrospinal fluid was positive (38,000 copies/mL) and antivirus treatment was started. During the course of her illness, the level of her consciousness decreased in association with desaturation and tachycardia. Thrombosis of the right pulmonary artery trunk with pulmonary embolism was evident on enhanced chest computed tomography. In addition, cranial computed tomography revealed subarachnoid and intraventricular bleeding. Intravenous heparin (12,000 U/day) was started and the dose was adjusted according to the activated partial thromboplastin time for about a month (maximum dose of heparin, 20,400 U/day). After the treatments, her Glasgow coma score increased and the thrombosis of the pulmonary artery trunk had disappeared.

Conclusions
The present case raises the question of whether anticoagulant treatment is safe in patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis complicated by subarachnoid bleeding.
A structural-based statistical approach suggests a cooperative activity of PUM1 and miR-410 in human 3'-untranslated regions
Authors: Leibovich Limor , Mandel-Gutfreund Yael , Yakhini Zohar 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Micro (mi)RNAs comprise a large family of small non-coding RNAs that are thought to regulate a large fraction of protein-coding genes. Generally, miRNAs downregulate messenger (m)RNA expression by binding to the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the RNA molecules. An important factor for binding specificity is the matching in the seed region. In addition, target site accessibility is thought to be crucial for efficient repression of miRNA targets. Several recent studies indicated that miRNA repression can be facilitated by RNA-binding proteins. In this study, we examine the conjecture that RNA-binding proteins are involved in ushering miRNAs to bind targets that are initially less accessible.

Results
We analyzed human 3'-UTR sequences containing potential binding sites of 153 conserved miRNA families, and ranked sequences around the sites according to their miRNA accessibility. By applying a rank-based motif search tool to these miRNA targets, we found motifs that are enriched among less accessible targets. As expected from our ranking method, most of the significant motifs were GC-rich. However, one AU-rich motif was found to be enriched among miR-410 less accessible targets. This motif resembles the Pumilio homolog 1 (PUM1) consensus binding site. We observed a stronger enrichment of the PUM1 motif in conserved targets than in non-conserved targets; moreover, the enrichment of this motif was found to be conserved in a subset of placental mammals. Further, we analyzed publicly available gene expression data, and found that the mutual expression of PUM1 and miR-410 has a greater negative influence on the expression of low accessibility targets than on other targets, an effect that was stronger than when considering both miR-410 and PUM1 separately.

Conclusions
Taken together, our findings suggest a cooperative relationship between miR-410 and PUM1 in regulating human highly structured 3'-UTRs. This kind of cooperation can allow a second level of regulation of such targets. Considering cases in which miRNAs bind low accessibility targets may help to improve current miRNA prediction tools and to obtain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying miRNA regulation activity.
Sequencing and analysis of an Irish human genome
Authors: Tong Pin , Prendergast James GD , Lohan Amanda J , Farrington Susan M , Cronin Simon , Friel Nial , Bradley Dan G , Hardiman Orla , Evans Alex , Wilson James F , Loftus Brendan 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Background
Recent studies generating complete human sequences from Asian, African and European subgroups have revealed population-specific variation and disease susceptibility loci. Here, choosing a DNA sample from a population of interest due to its relative geographical isolation and genetic impact on further populations, we extend the above studies through the generation of 11-fold coverage of the first Irish human genome sequence.

Results
Using sequence data from a branch of the European ancestral tree as yet unsequenced, we identify variants that may be specific to this population. Through comparisons with HapMap and previous genetic association studies, we identified novel disease-associated variants, including a novel nonsense variant putatively associated with inflammatory bowel disease. We describe a novel method for improving SNP calling accuracy at low genome coverage using haplotype information. This analysis has implications for future re-sequencing studies and validates the imputation of Irish haplotypes using data from the current Human Genome Diversity Cell Line Panel (HGDP-CEPH). Finally, we identify gene duplication events as constituting significant targets of recent positive selection in the human lineage.

Conclusions
Our findings show that there remains utility in generating whole genome sequences to illustrate both general principles and reveal specific instances of human biology. With increasing access to low cost sequencing we would predict that even armed with the resources of a small research group a number of similar initiatives geared towards answering specific biological questions will emerge.
Reported speech constructions and the grammaticalization of hearsay evidentiality: a cross-linguistic survey
Authors: Jäger Andreas 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Functional similarities between the expression of reportative evidentiality and the grammatical representation of reported speech manifest themselves in varying degrees of corresponding formal similarity across languages. Assuming a systematic correlation between these domains this paper investigates and compares two likely sources for the expression of reportative evidentiality: non-referential reportative matrix clauses with generic utterance verbs and functionally specialized dependent clauses. The argument is based primarily on parallels in the development from biclausal to monoclausal structures in a number of genetically and areally diverse languages.
Tones and intonation in Prinmi – a first survey
Authors: Greif Markus 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The present paper provides a concise survey of the tonal inventory of Prinmi as well as some discussion of intonation proper. The approach is largely based on observable surface phenomena found in a corpus of several semi-controlled production studies. Unlike in earlier frameworks, three tonal classes are assumed: H, L (with the lexical tones H, L, L+H, H+L) and a Toneless category. The use of Toneless lexemes, which mainly comprise discourse particles, seems to be strongly intertwined with certain pragmatic functions presumably licensing emphasis and the boundary tone L%. Finally, a strong intonational downtrend and possible tone sandhi effects may trigger tonal alternations. These alternations as well as the complex interaction between intonation, pragmatics and the Toneless particles require further research.
Principle of Least Time in Chemical Kinetics
Authors: Mosienko B. A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The analogy between the principle of least time in optics (Fermat’s principle) and Ostwald’s rule of intermediate steps made it possible to set up the principle of least time for first-order phase transitions. In its turn, the analogy between first-order phase transitions and chemical reactions allows assume that the principle of least time is also valid in chemical kinetics. This assumption is substantiated in the given work. Also proposed is a different derivation of the indicated principle based on generalization of empirical data.
Supply Shocks and Gender Bias in Child Health Investments: Evidence from the ICDS Programme in India
Authors: Chakravarty Abhishek 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper examines whether a permanent increase in the supply of immunisations reduces or intensifies the gender bias in immunisation against female children in India. It also investigates the effect of duration of exposure to the supply shock on gender bias. The variation in the implementation of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme across both regions and time is exploited for the analysis. Estimations use data from the 2005-06 Measure DHS survey in India. We find that the increased supply of vaccinations due to the programme initially increases the gender inequality in immunisation but that this increase disappears over time. Our results indicate that the programme has saved approximately 1.72-1.84 million children, of which about 70% are boys.
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Signals Progression of Hepatic Steatosis Towards Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in C57Bl/6 Mice
Authors: Duval Caroline , Thissen Uwe , Keshtkar Shohreh , Accart Bertrand , Stienstra Rinke , Boekschoten Mark V. , Roskams Tania , Kersten Sander , Müller Michael 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity and diabetes, suggesting an important role of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Here, we aimed to investigate the interaction between adipose tissue and liver in NAFLD and identify potential early plasma markers that predict nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
C57Bl/6 mice were chronically fed a high-fat diet to induce NAFLD and compared with mice fed a low-fat diet. Extensive histological and phenotypical analyses coupled with a time course study of plasma proteins using multiplex assay were performed.

RESULTS
Mice exhibited pronounced heterogeneity in liver histological scoring, leading to classification into four subgroups: low-fat low (LFL) responders displaying normal liver morphology, low-fat high (LFH) responders showing benign hepatic steatosis, high-fat low (HFL) responders displaying pre-NASH with macrovesicular lipid droplets, and high fat high (HFH) responders exhibiting overt NASH characterized by ballooning of hepatocytes, presence of Mallory bodies, and activated inflammatory cells. Compared with HFL responders, HFH mice gained weight more rapidly and exhibited adipose tissue dysfunction characterized by decreased final fat mass, enhanced macrophage infiltration and inflammation, and adipose tissue remodeling. Plasma haptoglobin, IL-1β, TIMP-1, adiponectin, and leptin were significantly changed in HFH mice. Multivariate analysis indicated that in addition to leptin, plasma CRP, haptoglobin, eotaxin, and MIP-1α early in the intervention were positively associated with liver triglycerides. Intermediate prognostic markers of liver triglycerides included IL-18, IL-1β, MIP-1γ, and MIP-2, whereas insulin, TIMP-1, granulocyte chemotactic protein 2, and myeloperoxidase emerged as late markers.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data support the existence of a tight relationship between adipose tissue dysfunction and NASH pathogenesis and point to several novel potential predictive biomarkers for NASH.
Enterovirus Infection and Progression From Islet Autoimmunity to Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Stene Lars C. , Oikarinen Sami , Hyöty Heikki , Barriga Katherine J. , Norris Jill M. , Klingensmith Georgeanna , Hutton John C. , Erlich Henry A. , Eisenbarth George S. , Rewers Marian 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether enterovirus infections predict progression to type 1 diabetes in genetically predisposed children repeatedly positive for islet autoantibodies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Since 1993, the Diabetes and Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) has followed 2,365 genetically predisposed children for islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Venous blood and rectal swabs were collected every 3–6 months after seroconversion for islet autoantibodies (against GAD, insulin, or insulinoma-associated antigen-2 [IA-2]) until diagnosis of diabetes. Enteroviral RNA in serum or rectal swabs was detected using reverse transcriptase PCR with primers specific for the conserved 5′ noncoding region, detecting essentially all enterovirus serotypes.

RESULTS
Of 140 children who seroconverted to repeated positivity for islet autoantibodies at a median age of 4.0 years, 50 progressed to type 1 diabetes during a median follow-up of 4.2 years. The risk of progression to clinical type 1 diabetes in the sample interval following detection of enteroviral RNA in serum (three diabetes cases diagnosed among 17 intervals) was significantly increased compared with that in intervals following a negative serum enteroviral RNA test (33 cases diagnosed among 1,064 intervals; hazard ratio 7.02 [95% CI 1.95–25.3] after adjusting for number of autoantibodies). Results remained significant after adjustment for ZnT8-autoantibodies and after restriction to various subgroups. Enteroviral RNA in rectal swabs was not predictive of progression to type 1 diabetes. No evidence for viral persistence was found.

CONCLUSIONS
This novel observation suggests that progression from islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes may increase after an enterovirus infection characterized by the presence of viral RNA in blood.
Low-dose radiation employed in diagnostic imaging causes genetic effects in cultured cells
Authors: Ponzinibbio María V. , Crudeli Cintia , Peral-García Pilar , Seoane Analía 
Published: September 2010

Background: Exposure to environmental, diagnostic, and occupational sources of radiation frequently involves low doses. Although these doses have no immediately noticeable impact on human health there is great interest in their long-term biological effects. Purpose: To assess immediate and time-delayed DNA damage in two cell lines exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation by using the comet assay and micronucleus test, and to compare these two techniques in the analysis of low-dose induced genotoxicity. Material and Methods: CHO and MRC-5 cells were exposed to 50 milliSievert (mSv) of ionizing radiation and assayed immediately after irradiation and at 16 or 12 passages post-irradiation, respectively. Comet assay and micronucleus test were employed. Results: The comet assay values observed in 50 mSv-treated cells were significantly higher than in the control group for both sample times and cell lines ( P < 0.001). Micronuclei frequencies were higher in treated cells than in the control group ( P < 0.01, CHO cells passage 16; P < 0.05, MRC-5 cells immediately after exposure; P < 0.01 MRC-5 cells passage 12). Correlation analysis between the two techniques was statistically significant (correlation coefficient 0.82, P < 0.05 and correlation coefficient 0.86, P < 0.05 for CHO and MRC-5 cells, respectively). Cells scored at passages 12 or 16 showed more damage than those scored immediately after exposure in both cell lines (no statistically significant differences). Conclusion: Cytomolecular and cytogenetic damage was observed in cells exposed to very low doses of X-rays and their progeny. A single low dose of ionizing radiation was sufficient to induce such response, indicating that mammalian cells are exquisitely sensitive to it. Comet and micronucleus assays are sensitive enough to assess this damage, although the former seems to be more efficient.
Retour sur l'émergence du mouvement pour la justice climatique
Authors: Haeringer Nicolas 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Pour Michael Hardt ** , Copenhague pourrait bien être une étincelle qui débouche sur un nouveau cycle de luttes - des luttes plurielles, non dénuées de contradictions. Les penser, et éventuellement les dépasser, implique un travail de théorisation, autour, entre autres, de la question des « communs » : pour sauver le climat, sortir de la propriété 1 ?
Quand la justice climatique remet en cause la modernité occidentale
Authors: Aguiton Christophe , Cabioc’h Hélène 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Les contours politiques de la « justice climatique » sont très largement issus des cadres d’interprétation altermondialistes, en même temps qu’ils contribuent à leur reconfiguration. Le passage (ou l’articulation) des approches altermondialistes à celles formulées en termes de justice climatique n’est pour autant ni naturel, ni évident. Il implique de faire place à de nouvelles thématiques, et de réinterroger les modalités de la transformation sociale. Christophe Aguiton et Hélène Cabioc’h s’attachent ici à analyser en quoi l’émergence du mouvement pour la justice climatique implique une remise en cause des fondements théoriques de la modernité occidentale - autrement dit d’approfondir et de radicaliser la « décolonisation » des imaginaires à laquelle les forums sociaux ambitionnent de contribuer.
De Copenhague à Cochabamba : nous cheminons en posant des questions renouvelées, ?
Authors: Müller Tadzio 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Les manifestations et le contre-sommet organisé autour du sommet de l’Onu sur le changement climatique de Copenhague (décembre 2009), puis le sommet des peuples de Cochabamba (Bolivie, avril 2010) ouvrent un nouveau cycle de mobilisations transnationales. Tadzio Müller, analyse ce en quoi ces deux conférences ont contribué à construire le « mouvement pour la justice climatique », entre enthousiasme et scepticisme. Il s’interroge sur l’espace politique et organisationnel que ces différents événements sur le climat ouvrent, sans omettre de proposer quelques éléments de réponses aux dilemmes et aux questions émergents? 2 .
Face à la crise, récupérer les entreprises ? Retour sur l'expérience argentine
Authors: Aguiton Christophe 
Published: September 2010

Résumé La crise argentine de 2001 et les mouvements sociaux qui en sont issus, ont profondément marqué l’imaginaire altermondialiste. Les mouvements de « piqueteros », les « assemblées populaires » ont ainsi largement influencé les militants alter et irrigué les premiers forums sociaux. Assez rapidement, cependant, ces mouvements se sont taris, en même temps que l’économie argentine se « redressait ». Certaines formes de lutte sont malgré tout parvenues à se pérenniser. Emilio Taddei analyse pour Mouvements l’apport de l’expérience usines récupérées puis autogérées par leurs ouvriers.
Réflexions sur le « capitalisme vert »
Authors: Combes Maxime 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Alors que les ouvrages et les enquêtes se sont multipliés sur la transition « verte » du capitalisme, Maxime Combes précise les limites de cette approche. Si le boom dans les secteurs des énergies renouvelables, de l’efficacité énergétique, ou dans l’automobile électrique ou hybride est réel, il reste difficile de percevoir en quoi il remodèle le néolibéralisme plus profondément que par une simple phase d’innovation créant de nouveaux biens et services profitables. Cette contribution permet de voir en quoi la Green Economy sert à structurer les positionnements internationaux des États et de la société civile dans et autour des négociations climatiques et environnementales. Pour l’auteur, ce n’est ni plus ni moins qu’un nouvel imaginaire de gauche, un nouveau paradigme d’émancipation comme ont pu l’être celui des Lumières puis du mouvement ouvrier, qui serait à préciser et expliciter.