bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological distress of women working in banks
Authors: Bez Yasin , Emhan Abdurrahim 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroductionWe aim to identify burnout and psychological distress levels in employees of three different types of banks, including conventional banks (government and private) and interest‐free banks.MethodsAll branches of the three different types of banks were visited in Diyarbakir, the largest city in the southeastern part of Turkey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Symptom Check List‐90 Revised (SCL‐90‐R), and a demographic form were delivered to 235 bank employees in July 2009. Data from the 163 respondents were analyzed.ResultsEmployment of women in private banks was higher than in government and interest‐free banks. The mean scores of somatization, obsessive‐compulsiveness, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, general symptom index in the SCL‐90‐R and emotional exhaustion were higher in women than in men. Younger employees felt less personal accomplishment than their older colleagues. Additionally, less experienced employees were under greater stress from working directly with people. They did not feel successful in their jobs. The three groups were similar in terms of burnout levels, but the SCL‐90‐R showed significantly different scores between the groups.DiscussionWomen employed in the banking sector were at risk for psychological distress and emotional exhaustion. Younger employees felt a decreased sense of personal accomplishment. Private bank employees experienced a larger level of psychological distress which was not reflected in their burnout levels.
Pilot study of the prevalence of alcohol, substance use and mental disorders in a cohort of Iraqi, Afghani, and Iranian refugees in Vancouver
Authors: Miremadi Saman , Ganesan Soma , McKenna Mario 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroductionThis study investigated the prevalence rate of current alcohol, substance use, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in a cohort of Middle‐Eastern government‐assisted refugees (GAR) to British Columbia.MethodsA group of GARs (32 men and 36 women) were interviewed and assessed using four clinical assessments (AUDIT, DUDIT, IES‐R, PHQ‐9) at an intake facility in Metro Vancouver.ResultsMen had a higher prevalence of alcohol use compared to women (15.6% versus 0%, P < .05). Substance use was low for both men and women (3.1% and 2.8%) and consisted of Tylenol 3 use. Approximately the same proportion of male and female GARs had PTSD as a clinical concern (21.8% and 22.2%). GARs that were Iraqi, Muslim, had attended university, or had children had higher IES‐R scores compared to other GARs. Depression as a clinical concern was found in female and male GARs (16.7% and 21.9%). Total PHQ‐9 scores were higher for GARs who were unmarried.DiscussionIt would be beneficial for mental health care providers who treat Middle‐Eastern GARs to review screening methods for PTSD, depression, and substance use. This may also include additional training in the screening of GARs for appropriate mental health services. Mental health services must be linguistically and culturally matched to the recipient for optimal therapeutic benefit.
Oral cancer in young non‐habituè females: a report of four cases and review of the literature
Authors: Beena VT , Chauhan I , Heera R , Rajeev R 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study is to highlight the growing incidence of oral cancer in young females without apparent traditional risk factors.Methods:  We present a case series of young female patients with histopathologically diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and no known exposure to major risk factors, reporting to our institution over one year. A review of the literature was carried out to find documented studies on oral cancer in young females.Results:  We found an increase in the number of young female patients presenting with squamous cell carcinomas on the lateral border of the tongue who did not have any of the traditional risk factors associated with the disease, which is in contrast with the number of male patients presenting with the same disease.Conclusions:  Our study highlights the increasing incidence of oral cancer in young females without apparent traditional risk factors, an area of growing concern. Published studies in this particular group are limited. Nevertheless, the situation is alarming owing to the seriousness this problem poses for the community. More research is required to determine the aetiological and risk factors associated with this outcome.
The treatment of oral cancer: an overview for dental professionals
Authors: Deng H , Sambrook PJ , Logan RM 
Published: August 2011

AbstractOral cancer is a serious life‐threatening disease. Dental professionals may be the first individuals to identify/suspect these lesions before referring to oral and maxillofacial surgeons and oral medicine specialists. Because the general dentist will likely follow on with the patient’s future oral health, it is important that he or she has a basic understanding of the various treatments involved in treating oral malignancies and their respective outcomes. The four main modalities discussed in this review include surgery alone, radiotherapy alone, surgery with radiotherapy, and chemotherapy with or without surgery and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy has become an area of great interest with the introduction of new ‘targeted therapies’ demonstrating promising results in conjunction with surgery. Despite these results, the toxicities associated with chemotherapy regimens are frequent and can be severe, and therefore may not be suitable for all patients. Treatment modalities have improved significantly over the decades with overall decreases in recurrence rates, improved disease‐free and overall survival, and an improved quality of life. Prognosis, however, is still ultimately dependent on the clinical stage of the tumour at the initial diagnosis with respect to size, depth, extent, and metastasis as recurrence rates and survival rates plummet with disease progression.
Four‐year follow‐up of two chronic hepatitis B recipients of hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive cadaveric liver grafts from asymptomatic carriers
Authors: Jiao Zuoyi , Zhang Youcheng , Han Lin , Zeng Yong , Yan Lunan 
Published: August 2011

Aim:  Only seven cases of liver transplantation (OLT) with positive serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) grafts have been reported in the world till now. Here we report the 4‐year follow‐up results and clinical pathologic characteristics of two recipients of chronic hepatitis B transplanted with HBsAg‐positive cadaveric liver grafts from asymptomatic carriers.Methods:  Lamivudine combined with hepatitis B immune globulin were used for the control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in both of the recipients post‐OLT. The liver functions, virus status and pathologic characteristics of two recipients were followed up according to the rounte protocol of Liver Transplantation Center of West China Hospital.Results:  The serum HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) turned negative within 30 days post‐OLT, but HBsAg remained positive for both of the recipients during follow up. HBV breakthrough occurred in one recipient at the month 12 post‐OLT, with detectable serum HBV‐DNA (740 copies/mL) and tyrosine‐methionine‐aspartate‐aspartate motif mutation (rtM204I and rtM204V). After the replacement of lamivudine by adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg daily for 2 months, serum HBV‐DNA of this recipient became undetectable again and maintained undetectable during follow up. Both of the recipients have survived for more than 4 years post‐OLT, with stable liver function and mild hepatitis.Conclusion:  Due to extreme scarcity of liver graft, we think that HBsAg‐positive liver graft without active HBV‐DNA replication and severe pathological manifestation from asymptomatic carriers may deserve consideration when no other graft is available in a bearable waiting time.
Social Protection and Socioeconomic Security in Nepal
Authors: Koehler Gabriele 
Published: August 2011

SummaryNepal, with a population of 27.6 million people, is a ‘least developed country’ in many ways. The country is characterised by significant socioeconomic insecurity, comprising structurally‐generated income poverty, a politically and socially fragile post‐conflict situation, threats to the environment, and deeply entrenched forms of social exclusion. At the same time, it is a country characterised by interesting socio‐political policy innovations, triggered by the end of a ten‐year violent conflict. Building on a discussion of the country's challenges, the paper explores the policy responses in the domain of social protection devised by the interim government to address the various dimensions of insecurity, and to show their novelty as well as their limitations. The final section offers some ideas on policy areas which would be needed to improve socioeconomic security.
Computer‐aided measurement of mandibular cortical width on dental panoramic radiographs for identifying osteoporosis
Authors: Kavitha Muthu Subash , Samopa Febriliyan , Asano Akira , Taguchi Akira , Sanada Mitsuhiro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim:  To develop a computer‐aided diagnosis system to continuously measure mandibular inferior cortical width on dental panoramic radiographs and evaluate the system’s efficacy in identifying postmenopausal women with low‐skeletal bone mineral density.Methods:  Mandibular inferior cortical width was continuously measured by enhancing the original X‐ray image, determining cortical boundaries, and evaluating all distances between the upper and lower boundaries in the region of interest. The system’s efficacy in identifying osteoporosis at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck was evaluated for 100 women (≥50 years): 50 in the development of the tool and 50 in its validation.Results:  The sensitivity and specificity of the cortical measurements for identifying the development patients were 90% (95% confidence interval shown in parentheses) (63.0–87.0) in women with low spinal bone mineral density, and 81.8% (70.1–91.8) and 69.2% (56.2–81.8) in those with low femoral bone mineral density, respectively. Corresponding values in the validation patients were 93.3% (85.9–100) and 82.9% (71.4–92.7) at the lumbar spine, and 92.3% (84.5–99.5) and 75.7% (63.0–87.0) at the femoral neck, respectively.Conclusion:  Our new computer‐aided diagnosis system is a useful procedure in triage screening for osteoporosis.
Role of pharmacists in the management of patients with epilepsy
Authors: Koshy Samuel 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this article is to highlight the roles that pharmacists currently have in the management of patients with epilepsy and the opportunities and challenges associated with these roles.

Key findings
There are many opportunities for pharmacists in the management of patients with epilepsy owing to the accessibility and extensive knowledge of drug therapy. The role of pharmacists extends beyond dispensing medications. The pharmacists have a significant role in the education of patients about the disease and therapy, encouraging adherence and explaining side effects and providing information on potential drug-drug interactions, resulting in improved clinical outcomes and decreased costs. Physicians prefer pharmacists as information sources for medication profile and drug interaction screening for patients with epilepsy. However, there are certain challenges which the pharmacists should overcome if effective medication therapy management services are to be provided on a routine basis. Educational interventions are required to improve the knowledge and skills of pharmacists. The gap between patients' and pharmacists' views of the pharmacist's role has to be narrowed to ensure enhanced role of the pharmacists in this patient group.

Conclusions
There are a lot of opportunities and challenges for pharmacists to provide medication therapy management services for patients with epilepsy. Evidence in the literature provides justification for such services. However more research is required to provide foundation for routine provision of such services in all healthcare facilities.
Endoscopic management of postcholecystectomy biliary leaks
Authors: Sharma Hemant , Bird George 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the nature of bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy and the success of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in their identification and management.DesignAll patients referred for ERCP with a diagnosis of a postcholecystectomy bile leak were identified prospectively from October 1994 to August 2008.SettingThe study was carried out in a district general hospital with the endoscopies performed by a single operator.PatientsAll patients had undergone imaging with at least two of abdominal ultrasound scanning, CT scanning orMR cholangiopancreatography.InterventionsERCP with treatment of a biliary leak by sphincterotomy and insertion of a temporary 7 Fr plastic biliary stent.Main outcome measurementsClinical healing of the injury was assessed as resolution of symptoms with normalisation of liver function tests, cessation of external drain output and a repeat ERCP with removal of the indwelling stent within 2–8 weeks and no further complications.Results46 patients were identified, of whom 42 responded well to endoscopic treatment. Four patients ultimately needed surgery, of whom three had recurrent strictures. One patient had complete transection of the biliary duct and endoscopic treatment was not attempted.ConclusionERCP, with sphincterotomy and temporary plastic stent placement, is successful in the early management of patients with postcholecystectomy biliary leaks, which most commonly involve the cystic duct stump. ERCP carried out in a district general hospital identifies those patients requiring further specialised hepatobiliary care in a tertiary centre.
The First AACR Special Conference on Stem Cells, Development, and Cancer: Some of These Cells Are Not Like the Others
Authors: Kent David G. , Lin Jennifer C. , Aubert Geraldine 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) held an exciting conference on Stem Cells, Development, and Cancer in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (March 3–6, 2011). The meeting was cochaired by Geoffrey Wahl, Connie Eaves, and Hans Clevers and was attended by 250 international researchers, 40% of whom were young investigators. Three key themes emerged: (i) heterogeneity in stem cells and cancer, (ii) solid tissue cancer stem cells, and (iii) lessons from development. The interdisciplinary foundation of this meeting was central to its success and appeal, underscoring the value of juxtaposing and interrelating work from the three topics addressed. Cancer Res; 71(17); 5616–20. ©2011 AACR.
PTEN Protein Loss by Immunostaining: Analytic Validation and Prognostic Indicator for a High Risk Surgical Cohort of Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Lotan Tamara L. , Gurel Bora , Sutcliffe Siobhan , Esopi David , Liu Wennuan , Xu Jianfeng , Hicks Jessica L. , Park Ben H. , Humphreys Elizabeth , Partin Alan W. , Han Misop , Netto George J. , Isaacs William B. , De Marzo Angelo M. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Purpose: Analytically validated assays to interrogate biomarker status in clinical samples are crucial for personalized medicine. PTEN is a tumor suppressor commonly inactivated in prostate cancer that has been mechanistically linked to disease aggressiveness. Though deletion of PTEN, as detected by cumbersome FISH spot counting assays, is associated with poor prognosis, few studies have validated immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays to determine whether loss of PTEN protein is associated with unfavorable disease.
Experimental Design: PTEN IHC was validated by employing formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded isogenic human cell lines containing or lacking intact PTEN alleles. PTEN IHC was 100% sensitive and 97.8% specific for detecting genomic alterations in 58 additional cell lines. PTEN protein loss was then assessed on 376 prostate tumor samples, and PTEN FISH or high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis was done on a subset of these cases.
Results: PTEN protein loss, as assessed as a dichotomous IHC variable, was highly reproducible, correlated strongly with adverse pathologic features (e.g., Gleason score and pathologic stage), detected between 75% and 86% of cases with PTEN genomic loss, and was found at times in the absence of apparent genomic loss. In a cohort of 217 high risk surgically treated patients, PTEN protein loss was associated with decreased time to metastasis.
Conclusion: These studies validate a simple method to interrogate PTEN status in clinical specimens and support the utility of this test in future multicenter studies, clinical trials, and ultimately perhaps for routine clinical care. Clin Cancer Res; 17(20); 6563–73. ©2011 AACR.
Inactivation of Mirk/Dyrk1b Kinase Targets Quiescent Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Ewton Daina Z. , Hu Jing , Vilenchik Maria , Deng Xiaobing , Luk Kin-chun , Polonskaia Ann , Hoffman Ann F. , Zipf Karen , Boylan John F. , Friedman Eileen A. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
A major problem in the treatment of cancer arises from quiescent cancer cells that are relatively insensitive to most chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. Such residual cancer cells can cause tumor regrowth or recurrence when they reenter the cell cycle. Earlier studies showed that levels of the serine/theronine kinase Mirk/dyrk1B are elevated up to 10-fold in quiescent G0 tumor cells. Mirk uses several mechanisms to block cell cycling, and Mirk increases expression of antioxidant genes that decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increase quiescent cell viability. We now show that a novel small molecule Mirk kinase inhibitor blocked tumor cells from undergoing reversible arrest in a quiescent G0 state and enabled some cells to exit quiescence. The inhibitor increased cycling in Panc1, AsPc1, and SW620 cells that expressed Mirk, but not in HCT116 cells that did not. Mirk kinase inhibition elevated ROS levels and DNA damage detected by increased phosphorylation of the histone protein H2AX and by S-phase checkpoints. The Mirk kinase inhibitor increased cleavage of the apoptotic proteins PARP and caspase 3, and increased tumor cell kill several-fold by gemcitabine and cisplatin. A phenocopy of these effects occurred following Mirk depletion, showing drug specificity. In previous studies Mirk knockout or depletion had no detectable effect on normal tissue, suggesting that the Mirk kinase inhibitor could have a selective effect on cancer cells expressing elevated levels of Mirk kinase. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(11); 2104–14. ©2011 AACR.
Lost in Translation
Authors: Astley Carolyn M. , MacDougall Colin J. , Davidson Patricia M. , Chew Derek P. 
Published: August 2011

Background—
An evidence-practice gap in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is commonly recognized. System, provider, and patient factors can influence guideline adherence. Through using guideline facilitators in the clinical setting, the uptake of evidence-based recommendations may be increased. We hypothesized that facilitators of guideline recommendations (systems, tools, and workforce) in acute cardiac care were associated with increased guideline adherence and decreased adverse outcome.

Methods and Results—

A cross-sectional evaluation of guideline facilitators was conducted in Australian hospitals. The population was derived from the Acute Coronary Syndrome Prospective Audit (ACACIA) and assessed performance, death, and recurrent myocardial infarction (death/re-MI) at 30 days and 12 months. Thirty-five hospitals and 2392 patients participated. Significant associations with decreased death/re-MI were observed with hospital strategies to facilitate primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation MI patients (38/428 [8.9%] versus 30/154 [19.5%],
P
<0.001) and after adjustment (odds ratio [OR], 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24 to 0.90],
P
<0.023), electronic discharge checklists (none: 233/1956 [11.9%], integrated; 43/251[17.1%],
P
=0.069, electronic; 6/124 [4.8%],
P
<0.001) and after adjustment (integrated versus none: OR, 1.66 [95% CI, 0.98 to 2.80],
P
=0.057 and electronic versus none: OR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.68],
P
<0.001), and intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) staff-to-patient ratios (neither: 200/1257 (15.9%), CCU: 135/1051 (12.8%), ICCU: 8/84 (9.5%),
P
=0.049 and after adjustment (CCU versus neither: OR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.47 to 1.14],
P
=0.172 and ICCU versus neither: OR, 0.55; [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.81]
P
=0.003).

Conclusions—
Facilitating uptake of evidence in clinical practice may need to consider quality improvement systems, tools and workforce to achieve optimal ACS outcomes.
Quality-of-Life Implications of Immediate Surgery and Watchful Waiting in Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Gada Hemal , Scuffham Paul A. , Griffin Brian , Marwick Thomas H. 
Published: August 2011

Background—
Traditional management of severe aortic stenosis (AS) is based on delay in aortic valve replacement (AVR) until the development of symptoms. Surgery for asymptomatic AS has been proposed to reduce the small risk of sudden death before AVR and avoid heart failure (HF) after AVR. Because a trial to compare these options is unlikely, we developed a Markov model to inform the choice between immediate surgery and watchful waiting in asymptomatic AS.

Methods and Results—
We defined health states as preoperative, postoperative, postcomplication, and death. We calculated the implications of watchful waiting, tissue and mechanical AVR-based on risks, transitions, utilities, and cost derived from literature review. Further analyses evaluated situations thought to favor immediate surgery and watchful waiting. Sensitivity analyses were based on the likelihood of preoperative death and HF in follow-up. In the reference case (age, 65 years; post-AVR utility, 0.9; annualized pre-AVR mortality, 1%; and post-AVR HF, 11.3%), the utility of watchful waiting was superior to that of immediate mechanical or tissue AVR (quality-adjusted life-years, 7.4 versus 5.3 versus 5.3, respectively), and the cost was less than immediate surgery. Sensitivity analyses showed immediate surgery was not likely to be more effective regardless of the yearly probability of post-AVR HF in the watchful waiting group (range, 0% to 80%). Immediate surgery was likely to be effective when pre-AVR annual mortality reached 13%.

Conclusions—
Immediate surgery in asymptomatic severe AS does not improve outcomes unless risk of sudden death pre-AVR and HF after AVR are higher than currently reported.