bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health reform: Is routinely collected electronic information fit for purpose?
Authors: Liaw Siaw‐Teng , Chen Huei‐Yang , Maneze Della , Taggart Jane , Dennis Sarah , Vagholkar Sanjyot , Bunker Jeremy 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjective: Little has been reported about the completeness and accuracy of data in existing Australian clinical information systems. We examined the accuracy of the diagnoses of some chronic diseases in an ED information system (EDIS), a module of the NSW Health electronic medical record (EMR), and the consistency of the reports generated by the EMR.Methods: A list of ED attendees and those admitted was generated from the EDIS, using specific (e.g. angina) and possible clinical terms (e.g. chest pain) for the selected chronic diseases. This EDIS list was validated with an audit of discharge summaries, and compared with a list generated, using similar specific and possible Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms (SNOMED‐CT), from the underlying EMR database.Results: Of the 33 115 ED attendees, 2559 had diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease or asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; of these 2559, 876 were admitted. Discharge summaries were missing for 12–15% of patients. Only three‐quarters or fewer of the diagnoses were confirmed by the discharge summary audit, best for DM and worst for cardiovascular disease. Proportion of agreement between the lists generated from the EDIS and EMR was best for DM and worst for asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are technical, such as use of different extraction terms or system inconsistency; or clinical, such as data entry, decision‐making, professional behaviour and organizational performance.Conclusions: Variations in information quality and consistency of the EDIS/EMR raise concerns about the ‘fitness for purpose’ of the information for care and planning, information sharing, research and quality assurance.
LONG MEMORY IN THE VOLATILITY OF AN EMERGING FIXED‐INCOME MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: THUPAYAGALE PAKO 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper tests for long memory in volatility of fixed‐income returns; specifically, South Africa's local currency 10‐year government bond, given that the characterisation of stochastic long‐memory volatility is of interest and importance in portfolio and risk management. The long‐memory parameter is estimated using methods based on wavelets, which have gained prominence in recent years. Evidence of long memory in fixed‐income return volatility is conclusively demonstrated across a variety of volatility measures and wavelet forms. This finding suggests a pattern of time dependence, which may potentially be exploited to generate improved volatility forecasting performance especially over long horizons. This paper further extends the extant literature by comparing the predictive power of long‐memory forecasts with those obtained from a standard (short‐memory) generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) process. The results of this exercise suggest that the information content of long‐memory models does not lead to improved forecast accuracy. The GARCH(1,1) model is shown to provide the best forecasts across most horizons (i.e. daily, weekly and monthly). Forecast performance is further revealed to be sensitive to the choice of volatility proxy used. Finally, the derived volatility forecasts are generally very close, and in some cases, almost indistinguishable.
Granulosa thecal cell tumour in a mare causing hypertrophic osteopathy
Authors: Packer M. , McKane S. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryHypertrophic osteopathy (HO) is a rare condition in the horse characterised by symmetrical proliferation of connective tissue and subperiosteal bone, along the diaphyses of limb bones. In this case, a 10‐year‐old Irish Draught cross Thoroughbred mare was presented for investigation of weight loss, lethargy and firm swelling of all 4 distal limbs. Radiographs of the distal limbs revealed palisade‐like periosteal new bone formation perpendicular to the cortex of the distal third metacarpal and metatarsal bones, proximal (P1) and mid (P2) phalanges. Rectal examination revealed a mass of approximately 20 x 30 cm in the right caudoventral abdomen. The mare was diagnosed with HO due to a granulosa thecal cell (GTC) tumour. The GTC tumour was removed and the diagnosis confirmed on histological examination. Clinical examination and radiographs of the distal limbs after surgery demonstrated reduction in size of the limb swellings and new bone formation. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of HO due to a GTC tumour in a mare.
Identification, phylogeny and phylogeography of circumfenestrate cyst nematodes (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) as inferred from analysis of ITS-rDNA
Authors: Subbotin Sergei A. , Prado Vera Ignacio Cid Del , Mundo-Ocampo Manuel , Baldwin James G. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Some 134 ITS rRNA gene sequences for circumfenestrate cyst nematodes and two
sequences for non-cyst nematodes of the family Heteroderidae, of which 46
were newly obtained, were analysed by phylogenetic and phylogeographic
methods. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis combined with known
morphological, biological and geographical data allowed the identification,
amongst samples original to this study, of several belonging to known valid
species as well as others that might be new species. The phylogenetic
analysis revealed six major clades for circumfenestrate cyst nematodes:
i) Globodera from South and North America;
ii) Globodera from Europe, Asia,
Africa and Oceania; iii) Paradolichodera;
iv) Punctodera; v)
Cactodera; and vi)
Betulodera. Monophylies of Punctodera,
Cactodera and Betulodera were highly
supported. The Betulodera clade occupied a basal position
on all trees. Phylogeographic analysis suggested a North American origin of
Punctoderinae with possible further long distance dispersal to South
America, Africa and other regions. Molecular data supported synonymisation
of G. achilleae with G. millefolii and of
G. hypolysi with G. artemisiae.
PCR-RFLP diagnostic profiles for some Globodera and
Cactodera species are given. Problems of diagnostics
for Globodera species using PCR with specific primers are
discussed.
Re-evaluation of the life-cycle of the nematode-parasitic bacterium Pasteuria penetrans in root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.
Authors: Davies Keith G. , Rowe Janet , Manzanilla-López Rosa , Opperman Charles H. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Comparisons of the growth of Pasteuria penetrans in adult
root-knot nematode females infected with P. penetrans
dissected from the roots of tomato plants were undertaken using bright-field
and scanning electron microscopy. Samples of infected females were
nutritionally compromised by maintaining them in sterile saline at 30°C for
different periods of time following their removal from the root system.
Observations of these females maintained in saline revealed a series of
growth stages of Pasteuria hitherto not documented,
consisting of rhizoids, rod-like bacilli and granular masses. A new
life-cycle for Pasteuria is described consisting of three
phases: Phase I: attachment and germination; Phase II: rhizoid production
and exponential growth; and Phase III: sporogenesis. These newly observed
stages of the life cycle show a high degree of similarity to the
developmental stages seen in other Bacillus spp.
Osmotic responses of different strains of Steinernema carpocapsae
Authors: Yan Xun , De Clercq Patrick , Han Richou , Jones John , Chen Shulong , Moens Maurice 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
A solution consisting of a mixture of glycerol and fortified artificial
seawater was used to induce partial anhydrobiosis at 15°C in different
strains of Steinernema carpocapsae. All the strains tested
were tolerant to the osmotic solution and the survival and infectivity of
the nematodes were not influenced. The osmotic treatment greatly improved
heat tolerance of all the tested strains but the heat tolerance of
S. carpocapsae MR7 was significantly poorer than that
of the other strains. This method could be used to induce S.
carpocapsae into partial anhydrobiosis and thereby improve
storage of the nematodes. Expression patterns of stress-related genes after
osmotic treatment were compared in a heat tolerant strain (All) and a more
heat sensitive strain (MR7) after induction of anhydrobiosis. Differences in
gene expression after induction of anhydrobiosis between strain MR7 and All
were observed that may be related to differences in subsequent heat
tolerance.
Requirements of non-haem iron and haem iron in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhao Yang , Nancy Lu C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBoth non-haem iron (iron salt) and haem iron (cytochrome c) are components of the Caenorhabditis elegans Maintenance Medium (CeMM). However, the quantitative requirements of non-haem iron and its relationship with haem iron were unknown. A basal medium was prepared with both non-haem iron and haem iron eliminated from the CeMM. After being pre-cultured in this basal medium, C. elegans were inoculated into a 3 × 5 factorial design of experimental media, consisting of five levels of non-haem iron (0, 0.0672, 0.336, 8.40 and 210 μg ml–1) and three levels of cytochrome c (0, 50.0 and 500 μg ml–1). The population growth of C. elegans in various experimental media was counted at day 28, and the iron uptake (ng (1000 nematodes)–1) and percentage iron absorption (total iron in nematode tissue/total iron in original media) of the nematodes were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). At 0 μg ml–1 iron and 0 μg ml–1 cytochrome c, the population growth (2530±220 nematodes ml–1) was very poor. At 0 μg ml –1 cytochrome c, as iron level increased to 8.40 μg ml–1, the nematode population increased to 5980±530 nematodes ml–1. At 0 μg ml–1 iron, as cytochrome c level increased from 0 to 500 μg ml–1, the population growth was greatly increased from 2530±220 nematodes ml–1 to 45 900±3600 nematodes ml–1. Under the experimental conditions, the highest population growth (258 000±9000 nematodes ml–1) was achieved at 8.40 μg ml–1 iron and 500 μg ml–1 cytochrome c, suggesting an additive requirement of non-haem and haem iron. As the concentration of iron further increased from 8.40 to 210 μg ml–1, significant declines in nematode population were observed, indicating iron toxicity. Based on the Atomic Absorption analysis, the iron uptake by C. elegans increased when either non-haem or haem iron concentration increased in the media. At 0 μg ml–1 cytochrome c, the percentage iron absorption decreased from 7.39 to 0.118% with the increase of iron concentration (0-210 μg ml–1) in the media. This observation was in accordance with the 'mucosal block' theory. At 50.0 and 500 μg ml–1 cytochrome c, the percentage iron absorption greatly increased, and percentage iron absorption reached a maximum of 85.9% when media contained 0.336 μg ml–1 iron and 50.0 μg ml–1 cytochrome c, indicating an optimal percentage iron absorption in C. elegans.
“The Mutual Flame of Love”: Spiritual Marriage in Shakespeare’s The Phoenix and Turtle
Authors: Beauregard David 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe main thesis of this essay is that The Phoenix and Turtle is a poetic definition of the “truth of love,” or perfect love, incorporating various medieval traditions. Starting from an examination of the context of the overall collection containing poems by Jonson, Marston, and Shakespeare, my argument is that the roots of this conception of perfect love lie not only in scholastic sources regarding the union of persons in the Trinity, but also in the confluence of three other lines of medieval Catholic tradition: the literary traditions of mystical union, spiritual friendship, and spiritual marriage.
Tim Gautreaux’s The Missing: Journeys of Vengeance or Belonging?
Authors: Nisly L. Lamar 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLouisiana Catholic author Tim Gautreaux engages questions of violence and revenge in his two most recent novels, The Clearing (2003) and The Missing (2009). In particular, engaging the popular myth of redemptive violence, The Missing explores the attractiveness of this idea before ultimately revealing the falseness of this simplistic approach to evil. This essay draws on Catholic social teaching as well as theologian Walter Wink’s analysis of redemptive violence to investigate the critique of revenge revealed in the novel. Through the protagonist Sam Simoneaux’s wrestling with the possibility of revenge juxtaposed with his uncle’s quiet Catholic-infused teaching, the novel reveals that a journey toward reclaiming a painful past is only possible if the siren song of vengeance is resisted.
The Evolution of Hazing: Motivational Mechanisms and the Abuse of Newcomers
Authors: Cimino Aldo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHazing - the abuse of new or prospective group members - is a widespread and puzzling feature of human social behavior, occurring in divergent cultures and across levels of technological complexity. Some past research has examined the effect of hazing on hazees, but no experimental work has been performed to examine the motivational causes of hazing. This paper has two primary objectives. First, it synthesizes a century of theory on severe initiations and extracts three primary explanatory themes. Second, it examines the dynamics of enduring human coalitions to generate an evolutionary theory of hazing. Two laboratory experiments suggest that one potential function of hazing is to reduce newcomers’ ability to free ride around group entry. These results are discussed in light of two common but largely untested explanations of hazing.
Towards a Catholic Understanding of Baptist Congregationalism: Conciliar Power and Authority
Authors: Bakker Henk 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBaptist Theologies allegedly show little interest in formal statements about the ministerial office. Baptist churches commonly share the congregational Church vision, and by definition try to avoid any trace of conformity to hierarchy. In this article we explore the possibility of redefining and broadening the notion of congregationalism by principles of conciliar life, as demonstrated in pre-Nicene Northern Africa, more specifically in Cyprian’s era. Cyprian c.s. carefully tried to listen to singing and praying communal voices (lex orandi, lex credenda), and ‘discerning the mind of Christ’ was indicative of involving the voice of the community (suffragium populi), even in matters of ecclesial election, such as the election of clergy.
‘Structural Indifference’ and Compatibilism in Reformed Orthodoxy
Authors: Helm Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn Reformed Thought on Freedom the Scotian apparatus of synchronic contingency, structural indifference, and logical moments is deployed in an attempt to show that the Reformed Orthodox espoused Scotian freedom of indifference as an intrinsic feature of their anthropology. It is counter-argued that the sense given to ‘structural indifference’ is at odds with the Orthodox commitment to indifference in the divided sense. Further, recent commentators misunderstand the divided sense only as the Reformed Orthodox use it. Finally it is briefly argued that the Orthodox use of the contrast between being free and being constrained, and their criteria for moral accountability, are consistent with certain forms of compatibilism. So it is a reasonable presumption that as regards human freedom, the Orthodox favoured a version of compatibilism.
Rebuilding the Ship while at Sea Introduction to the Special Issue on Nepal's Constitution Writing Process
Authors: Føllesdal Andreas 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn order to understand the recent political and constitutional events of Nepal, and to discern feasible and fair ways to move forward, it is essential to consider the complex composition, circumstances and potential for conflicts by and among the many groups and minorities that constitute the people of Nepal. The future inclusion of marginalised groups requires the drafters of the Constitution to attend closely to various models and mechanisms for managing group claims and conflicts. They include a federal Nepal, various group rights, and a voting system of proportional representation. Closer scrutiny reveals that these demands may be interpreted and institutionalised in several ways consistent with the objectives and needs of the population, especially the desire to prevent domination by a predatory centre, and to bolster local autonomy. To understand and facilitate these developments, the present special issue explores several perspectives and analyses.
Ethnic Identity, Participation and Social Justice: A Constitution for New Nepal?
Authors: Ghai Yash 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFor nearly two centuries Nepal has been governed under the hegemony of three upper caste communities: Brahmins, Chettries and Newars. Under the influence of Hinduism and the monarchy, other communities, Dalits, women, indigenous peoples and the people of the southern parts were marginalised. Struggles of democracy in the 1950s were less about social justice than the access of the elite communities to increasing shares in the spoils and administration of the state, which was achieved in the 1990 Constitution. The Maoist rebellion in the mid 1990s seriously hampered the working of the Constitution, although not the hegemony of the upper caste communities. The uprising of the people against the King in April 2006 changed the context of that rebellion, accelerated the ceasefire and introduced a new constitutional agenda, based on social justice and the inclusion of the marginalised community in the affairs and institutions of the state. However, despite the overthrow of the monarchy, a multi-party government, of parties committed to fundamental state restructuring, progress towards a new dispensation has been slow. A new Constitution should have been adopted by April 2010 by an elected, representative Constituent Assembly but disagreements between the former elites, still firmly in control of politics, has diverted attention from constitutional reform.
Between Demos and Ethnos: The Nepal Constitution and Indigenous Rights
Authors: Langford Malcolm , Jones Peris 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article examines the contested reception of the Convention concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (“ILO Convention 169”) in Nepal, particularly in the context of current constitutional reform and post-conflict economic development. Compelling evidence suggests that exclusionary political institutions, laws and structures have been the major cause of exclusion in contemporary Nepal. While Nepal is home to a range of different ethnic, language, religious and caste-based groups, the Adivasi Janajati (around 37 per cent of the population) consider themselves indigenous peoples. With such a sizeable minority, Nepal was the first and so far only Asian country to ratify the ILO Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention 169, which has considerable significance in a context of state restructuring and the accommodation of indigenous rights. The form of recognition of indigenous rights in the constitutional drafting process has created much heat, particularly over questions of autonomy and federalism, control over natural resources and land and quotas for political representation, but with less light concerning political consensus. The ILO Convention 169 has figured prominently in this process with various interpretations by different actors. Reconciling international meanings of this treaty with national interpretations used for political purposes in Nepal foregrounds a paradox existing between liberalism (in the form of rights and freedoms) and equality (democracy). Through a range of disciplinary methods, this article analyses the background to indigenous demands, the political and legal contestation over the interpretation of ILO 169 and the specific case of natural resources.
Constitutional Rights and Social Exclusion in Nepal
Authors: Langford Malcolm , Bhattarai Ananda Mohan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn Nepal, poverty is highly correlated with an individual's ethnicity, caste, language, religion or membership in an indigenous group. In the drafting of the new Constitution, many have called for inclusion of socio-economic and affirmative action rights in order to address social inequalities. This article sets out to assess these demands in an international and domestic context. After this socio-political background is set out in the introduction, section 2 provides a comparative and international analysis of the debates, trends and jurisprudence concerning the constitutional inclusion of equality and socio-economic rights. Section 3 examines the constitutional history of Nepal on this topic with a particular focus on the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, and section 4 assesses the consequences of this experience for the constitutional drafting process. Section 5 analyses the current draft bill of rights and provides some thoughts on the possible future directions for the constitutional drafting and jurisprudential responses.
A New Assessment of the Predictability of Tropical Cyclone Tracks
Authors: Plu Matthieu 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The inherent predictability of tropical cyclone tracks has received much attention since the 1980s. It is still an issue because of the recent improvement of track forecasts by numerical models. The aim of this study is to assess this predictability limit globally using an approach devised by Lorenz on several up-to-date numerical models. The differences between forecasts valid at the same instant are considered to be error values; the doubling time of these small errors leads to an estimated upper bound on predictability. This method is here applied on cyclone position forecasts obtained from three different global operational models (from ECMWF, Météo-France, and the Met Office) over the main tropical cyclone basins in the world and during three recent cyclone seasons (2006–09).
The resulting estimates of predictability largely exceed the values that are commonly accepted in the literature. The doubling time of small errors is found between 30 and 50 h. An important consequence is that cyclone track forecasts have not reached their predictability limit yet. It is argued that the previous methods for computing the predictability of tropical cyclone tracks did not constrain the environment and the structure of the cyclones initially. But the Lorenz method could still underestimate the inherent predictability of tropical cyclone tracks. The sensitivity of the predictability estimates to the model characteristics is discussed. In particular, the use of wind bogus is suggested to avoid serial correlations between successive forecasts and to accelerate error growth.