bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low dose metal particles can induce monocyte/macrophage survival
Authors: Lacey Derek C. , De Kok Bernard , Clanchy Felix I. , Bailey Mark J. , Speed Kathy , Haynes David , Graves Stephen E. , Hamilton John A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAseptic loosening results in pain, loss of function, and ultimately prosthetic joint failure and revision surgery. The generation of wear particles from the prosthesis is a major factor in local osteolysis. We investigated the effects of such wear particles on the survival of monocytes and macrophages, populations implicated in wear particle‐driven pathology. Particles from titanium aluminum vanadium (TiAlV) and cobalt chromium (CoCr) alloys were generated in‐house and were equivalent in size (0.5–3 µm) to those seen in patients. Human CD14+ monocytes and murine bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMM) were treated with TiAlV and CoCr particles in vitro, and cell survival was assayed. Both particles increased monocyte and macrophage survival in a dose‐dependent manner, with an optimal concentration of around 107 particles/mL. Conditioned media from particle‐treated BMM also increased macrophage survival. Studies with antibody blockade and gene‐deficient mice suggest that particle‐induced BMM survival is independent of endogenous CSF‐1 (M‐CSF), GM‐CSF, and TNFα. These data indicate that wear particles can promote monocyte/macrophage survival in vitro possibly via an endogenous mediator. If this phenomenon occurs in vivo, it could mean that increased numbers of macrophages (and osteoclasts) would be found at a site of joint implant failure, which could contribute to the local inflammatory reaction and osteolysis. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1481–1486, 2009
War trauma, child labor, and family violence: Life adversities and PTSD in a sample of school children in Kabul
Authors: Catani Claudia , Schauer Elisabeth , Elbert Thomas , Missmahl Inge , Bette Jean‐Paul , Neuner Frank 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe extent of cumulative adverse childhood experiences such as war, family violence, child labor, and poverty were assessed in a sample of school children (122 girls, 165 boys) in Kabul, Afghanistan. Strong gender differences were found with respect to both the frequency of such experiences and the association of different types of stressors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Boys reported higher overall amounts of traumatic events, specifically experiences of violence at home. This was reflected in a 26% prevalence of probable PTSD in boys compared to 14% in girls. Child labor emerged as a common phenomenon in the examined sample and was furthermore associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing family violence for girls. The results suggest that the interplay of multilevel stressors in Afghan children contributes to a higher vulnerability for the development of PTSD.
Left invariant metrics and curvatures on simply connected three‐dimensional Lie groups
Authors: Ha Ku Yong , Lee Jong Bum 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFor each simply connected three‐dimensional Lie group we determine the automorphism group, classify the left invariant Riemannian metrics up to automorphism, and study the extent to which curvature can be altered by a change of metric. Thereby we obtain the principal Ricci curvatures, the scalar curvature and the sectional curvatures as functions of left invariant metrics on the three‐dimensional Lie groups. Our results improve a bit of Milnor's results of [7] in the three‐dimensional case, and Kowalski and Nikv́cević's results [6, Theorems 3.1 and 4.1] (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of the dynamic blanking process
Authors: Bohdal Lukasz , Kukielka Leon 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper an optimization of the dynamic blanking process with using E‐PLANNER, ANSYS and MATLAB programmes was presented. The main aim of this work was to obtain the high quality of the cut surface in function of: the size of clearance between punch and die, value of fillet radius of the punch edge and the speed of blanking. Numerical analyses were conducted in Ansys LS‐Dyna programme, with use of the explicit method and the experiment plan had been done before. Five levels rotary plan, was used. Unknown coefficients in mathematical model in the shape of quadratic equation with interactions were obtained. Obtained regression function was optimized in MATLAB programme, and determined optimal conditions of the process parameters. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On some generalizations of the classical Riemann problem
Authors: Dmitrieva I. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe special class of the homogeneous vector boundary Riemann problems on the finite sequence of algebraic surfaces is investigated completely. Its coefficients are the noncommutative permutative matrices of the arbitrary but not prime order, and boundary conditions are given on the system of open contours. The constructive solution procedure and definite structure of the canonical solution matrix are obtained and present some generalizations of the classical Riemann problem. Simultaneously the corresponding class of algebraic equations for the appropriate covering surfaces is formed explicitly too. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Numerical analysis of micro‐stress evolution in dual phase polycrystals
Authors: Očenášek Jan , Krempaszky Christian , Repper Julia , Werner Ewald 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDiffraction methods gain much attention in nondestructive residual stress analysis. While the determination of macroscopic residual stresses is of main interest, the presence of microscopic residual stresses arising from microstructural characteristics of the material can influence the analysis of the acquired data. The residual stress measurements by neutron diffraction on IN718 pancake forgings are analyzed in this work. We present a simple mechanical model supporting the hypothesis that the phase average of the microscopic residual stress accumulated during the forging process is anisotropic causing anisotropy of the macro stress free reference lattice parameter. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Numerical solution to the linear and nonlinear Fredholm integral equations using Legendre wavelet functions
Authors: Rahbar S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo methods for solving the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind in linear case, i.e. f (x) – λ ∫ab K (x,y)f (y)dy = g (x), and nonlinear case, i.e., f (x) = g (x) + λ ∫ab K (x,y)F (f (y))dy, are proposed. In order to solve the linear equation, the kernel K (x,y) as well as the functions f and g are initially approximated through Legendre wavelet functions. This leads to a system of linear equations its solution culminates in a solution to the Fredholm integral equation. In nonlinear case only K (x,y) is approximated by Legendre wavelet base functions. This leads to a separable kernel and makes it possible to employ a number of earlier methods in solving nonlinear Fredholm integral equation with separable kernels. Another feature of the proposed method is that it finds the solution as a function instead of specific solution points, what is done by the majority of the existing methods. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Boundary value problems of the theory of heat propagation in a binary mixture
Authors: Svanadze Maia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper we study the problems of heat propagation in a binary mixture. The fundamental solution of system of equations of steady vibrations is constructed in terms of elementary functions. The uniqueness and existence theorems of classical solution of the interior and exterior boundary value problems by means of the boundary integral method are proved. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transcription factor Nfat1 deficiency causes osteoarthritis through dysfunction of adult articular chondrocytes
Authors: Wang Jinxi , Gardner Brian M , Lu Qinghua , Rodova Marianna , Woodbury Brent G , Yost John G , Roby Katherine F , Pinson David M , Tawfik Ossama , Anderson Harrison C 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease in middle‐aged and older individuals. Previous studies have shown that over‐expression of matrix‐degrading proteinases and proinflammatory cytokines is associated with osteoarthritic cartilage degradation. However, it remains unclear which transcription factors regulate the expression of these cartilage‐degrading molecules in articular chondrocytes. This study demonstrated that mice lacking Nfat1, a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors, exhibited normal skeletal development but displayed loss of type II collagen (collagen‐2) and aggrecan with over‐expression of specific matrix‐degrading proteinases and proinflammatory cytokines in young adult articular cartilage of load‐bearing joints. These initial changes are followed by articular chondrocyte proliferation/clustering, progressive articular surface destruction, periarticular chondro‐osteophyte formation and exposure of thickened subchondral bone, all of which resemble human OA. Forced expression of Nfat1 delivered with lentiviral vectors in cultured 3 month‐old primary Nfat1 knockout (Nfat1−/−) articular chondrocytes partially or completely rescued the abnormal catabolic and anabolic activities of Nfat1−/− articular chondrocytes. These new findings revealed a previously unrecognized critical role of Nfat1 in maintaining the physiological function of differentiated adult articular chondrocytes through regulating the expression of specific matrix‐degrading proteinases and proinflammatory cytokines. Nfat1 deficiency causes OA due to an imbalance between the catabolic and anabolic activities of adult articular chondrocytes, leading to articular cartilage degradation and failed repair activities in and around articular cartilage. These results may provide new insights into the aetiology, pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progranulin expression correlates with dense‐core amyloid plaque burden in Alzheimer disease mouse models
Authors: Pereson Sandra , Wils Hans , Kleinberger Gernot , McGowan Eileen , Vandewoestyne Mado , Van Broeck Bianca , Joris Geert , Cuijt Ivy , Deforce Dieter , Hutton Michael , Van Broeckhoven Christine , Kumar‐Singh Samir 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) plaques are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease (AD). In addition, innate inflammatory responses, such as those mediated by microglia, are integral to the pathogenesis of AD. Interestingly, only dense‐core plaques and not diffuse plaques are associated with neuritic and inflammatory pathology in AD patients as well as in mouse AD models. However, the precise neuropathological changes that occur in the brain in response to amyloid deposition are largely unknown. To study the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for Aβ‐mediated neuropathology, we performed a gene expression analysis on laser‐microdissected brain tissue of Tg2576 and APPPS1 mice that are characterized by different types of amyloid plaques and genetic backgrounds. Data were validated by image and biochemical analyses on different ages of Tg2576, APPPS1, and Aβ42‐depositing BRI‐Aβ42 mice. Consistent with an important role of inflammatory responses in AD, we identified progranulin (mouse Grn; human GRN) as one of the top ten up‐regulated molecules in Tg2576 (≈8‐fold increased) and APPPS1 (≈2‐fold increased) mice compared to littermate controls, and among the eight significantly up‐regulated molecules common to both mouse models. In addition, Grn levels correlated significantly with amyloid load, especially the dense‐core plaque pathology (p < 0.001). We further showed that Grn is up‐regulated in microglia and neurons and neurites around dense‐core plaques, but not in astrocytes or oligodendrocytes, as has been shown in AD patients. Our data therefore support the ongoing use of these mouse models in drug trials, especially those with anti‐inflammatory compounds. Moreover, the correlation of Grn with increasing disease severity in AD mouse models prompts human studies exploring the viability of GRN as a disease biomarker. Because loss of GRN has recently been shown to cause frontotemporal dementia and serves as a risk factor for AD, the strong GRN reactivity around dense‐core plaques is consistent with an important role of this factor in AD pathogenesis. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Needleless electrospinning of nanofibers with a conical wire coil
Authors: Wang Xin , Niu Haitao , Lin Tong , Wang Xungai 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this article, we have demonstrated a novel needleless electrospinning of PVA nanofibers by using a conical metal wire‐coil as spinneret. Multiple polymer jets were observed to generate on the coil surface. Up to 70 kV electric voltage can be applied to this needleless electrospinning nozzle without causing “corona discharge.” Compared with conventional needle electrospinning, this needleless electrospinning system produced finer nanofibers on a much larger scale, and the fiber processing ability showed a much greater dependence on the applied voltage. Finite element calculation indicates that the electric field intensity profiles for the two systems are also quite different. This novel concept of using wire coil as the electrospinning nozzle will contribute to the further development of new large‐scale needleless electrospinning system for nanofiber production. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rheological and molecular properties of organic peroxide induced long chain branching of recycled and virgin high density polyethylene resin
Authors: Parmar H.B. , Gupta Rahul K. , Bhattacharya S.N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCommercial blow molding grade recycled high density polyethylene (R‐HDPE) and blow molding grade virgin high density polyethylene (V‐HDPE) were reactively extruded with various compositions (0.00–0.15% wt/wt) of different peroxides in a twin screw extruder. The aim was to produce the extended chain mechanism of a blow molding grade HDPE photopolymer—a polymer resin comprising a significant part of the post consumer recycled plastic stream in Australia. In shear rheological tests, the modified material exhibited an increase in viscoelastic properties and complex viscosity compared to unmodified counterparts. Higher extent of viscoelastic properties enhancement was observed with 1, 3 1, 4 BIS (tert‐butylperoxyisopropyl) Benzene (OP2). This could be attributed to the higher degree of branching. The weight average molecular weight of the all modified materials and its molecular weight distribution (MWD) widened with peroxide modification. These results also support that formation of branching dominates the modification process at molecular level. Increase in branching index (g′) with increase in peroxide composition also confirmed higher degree of branching. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Design of controlled releasing system: Synthesis of an amphiphilic copolymer endowed with acid‐labile side chains based on quaternarization of amine‐containing prepolymer with benzyl halide having acetal moiety
Authors: Morinaga Hisatoyo , Morikawa Hiroshi , Sudo Atsushi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA methacrylate having a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) chain and 2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate were radically copolymerized to obtain a statistical hydrophilic copolymer having tertiary amino groups in the side chains. The obtained polymeric amine was quantitatively quaternarized by a benzyl chloride‐type molecule having an acetal moiety derived from geraniol, which is a hydrophobic alcohol widely used as a fragrance ingredient. The resulting copolymer, which had PEG chain and the quaternary ammonium moieties as hydrophiles and the acetal moieties as hydrophobes, exhibited amphiphilicity to form stable associates in water. The acetal moieties were stable for 30 days at pH 9, while they were gradually hydrolyzed at pH 4 to release geraniol continuously at least for 30 days, confirming the potential applicability of the copolymer to a controlled releasing system of functional molecules. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3241–3247, 2009
Preparation, characterization, and properties of fluorinated polyurethanes
Authors: Jiang Guichang , Tuo Xinlin , Wang Dongrui , Li Qiang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNovel fluorinated polyurethanes (FPUs) were prepared by living radical polymerization of polyurethanes and hexafluorobutyl acrylate. The structures of the FPUs were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, and XPS. The fluorinated polyurethane polymerization was investigated and showed monomer conversion, and molecular weight increased with increasing reaction time. In this way, the fluorine content in polyurethane could be easily adjusted by controlling the content of the fluorinated acrylate monomer. The mechanical evaluation shows that FPUs exhibit good mechanical properties. Morphology of FPU films was observed by scanning electron spectroscopy. The effects of the fluorine content on the surface properties and oxidative stability of FPUs were investigated. FPUs films were devoid of significant surface degradation after immersion in 20% H2O2 and 0.1 M CoCl2 at 37 °C for 5 weeks. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3248–3256, 2009
Preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres via atom transfer radical precipitation polymerization
Authors: Zu Baiyi , Pan Guoqing , Guo Xianzhi , Zhang Ying , Zhang Huiqi 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe first combined use of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and precipitation polymerization in the molecular imprinting field is described. The utilized polymerization technique, namely atom transfer radical precipitation polymerization (ATRPP), provides MIP microspheres with obvious molecular imprinting effects towards the template, fast template binding kinetics and an appreciable selectivity over structurally related compounds. The living chain propagation mechanism in ATRPP results in MIP spherical particles with diameters (number‐average diameter Dn ≈ 3 μm) much larger than those prepared via traditional radical precipitation polymerization (TRPP). In addition, the MIP microspheres prepared via ATRPP have also proven to show significantly higher high‐affinity binding site densities on their surfaces than the MIP generated via TRPP, while the binding association constants Ka and apparent maximum numbers Nmax of the high‐affinity sites as well as the specific template bindings are almost the same in the two cases. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3257–3270, 2009
AlR2Cl/MgR2 combinations as universal cocatalysts for Ziegler–Natta, metallocene, and post‐metallocene catalysts
Authors: Kissin Yury V. , Mink Robert I. , Brandolini Anita J. , Nowlin Thomas E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCombinations of dialkylaluminum chlorides and dialkylmagnesium compounds, when used at molar [AlR2Cl]:[MgR2] ratios ≥ 2, act as universal cocatalysts for all three presently known types of alkene polymerization catalysts—Ziegler–Natta, metallocene, and post‐metallocene. When these cocatalysts are used with supported Ti‐based Ziegler–Natta catalysts, they produce catalyst systems which are 1.5–2 times more active than the systems utilizing AlR3 compounds as cocatalysts. Combinations of AlR2Cl/MgR2 cocatalysts and various metallocene complexes produce single‐center catalyst systems similar to those formed in the presence of MAO. The same cocatalysts activate numerous post‐metallocene Ti complexes containing bidentate ligands of a different nature and produce multicenter systems of very high activity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3271–3285, 2009
Prostate stem cell antigen mRNA expression in preoperatively negative biopsy specimens predicts subsequent cancer after transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Zhao Zhigang , Liu Jieming , Li Su , Shen Wenlu 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent data showed that prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) mRNA expression in transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)‐resected tissues predicted the subsequent prostate cancer after TURP in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with both PSA < 4.0 ng/ml and normal DRE findings. This study was to determine whether PSCA mRNA positivity in preoperatively negative prostatic biopsy samples from BPH men with PSA > 4.0 ng/ml and/or suspicious DRE findings had predictive performance following TURP.MATERIALS AND METHODSPSCA in situ hybridization was performed on negative prostatic biopsies taken before TURP from 166 enrolled symptomatic BPH patients, who were continuously followed for 5 years postoperatively. Predictive performance of PSCA mRNA for subsequent cancer onset was evaluated by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models with bootstrapping and concordance indices.RESULTSPSCA mRNA was detected in 42/166 (25.3%) of the preoperatively negative biopsy specimens, with a mean positive‐labeling cells of 31.6%, in which 31 patients were identified as having subsequent PCa on follow‐up. Of 124 patients with negative expression for PSCA mRNA none were subsequently diagnosed with PCa. The examination of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient showed that PSCA mRNA expression levels were positively and statistically correlated with higher Gleason score (r = 0.88, P < 0.001) and clinical T stage (r = 0.84, P < 0.001). A final multivariate Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that only PSCA mRNA expression in negative prostatic biopsies was predictive of the subsequent cancer development after TURP (hazard ratio = 3.49; 95% CI: 2.02–4.75; P < 0.001), with the concordance index of 0.893.CONCLUSIONSThis prospective study identifies PSCA mRNA in preoperatively negative prostatic biopsies as a significant predictor of subsequent cancer after TURP. Prostate 69:1292–1302, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for field cancerization of the prostate
Authors: Nonn Larisa , Ananthanarayanan Vijayalakshmi , Gann Peter H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDField cancerization, which is not yet well‐characterized in the prostate, occurs when large areas of an organ or tissue surface are affected by a carcinogenic insult, resulting in the development of multi‐focal independent premalignant foci and molecular lesions that precede histological change.METHODSHerein, we review the cumulative body of evidence concerning field effects in the prostate and critically evaluate the methods available for the identification and validation of field effect biomarkers. Validated biomarkers for field effects have an important role to play as surrogate endpoint biomarkers in Phase II prevention trials and as clinical predictors of cancer in men with negative biopsies.RESULTSThus far, field effects have been identified involving nuclear morphometric changes, gene expression, protein expression, gene promoter methylation, DNA damage and angiogenesis. In addition to comparing cancer‐adjacent benign tissue to more distant areas or to “supernormal” tissue from cancer‐free organs, investigators can use a nested case–control design for negative biopsies that offers a number of unique advantages.CONCLUSIONSTrue carcinogenic field effects should be distinguished from secondary responses of the microenvironment to a developing tumor, although the latter may still lead to useful clinical prediction tools. Prostate 69: 1470–1479, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.