bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of latanoprost in iris bioidentification
Authors: Lamminen Heikki , Voipio Ville , Manninen Tapio , Huttunen Heikki 
Published: April 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  Bioidentification is becoming increasingly important in everyday life. One of the most widespread methods of bioidentification is based on the structure of the iris. Iris photography has several advantages as an identification method: it is relatively simple and effective; it is non‐invasive, and it is comparatively inexpensive. However, some medical conditions may change the appearance of the iris. This paper discusses the effects of latanoprost‐induced pigmentation changes in iris bioidentification.Methods:  The study is based on four extreme cases of latanoprost‐induced pigmentation changes. Iris photographs in these patients during treatment are compared with pretreatment photographs. The comparison is carried out with iris recognition software developed by our research group based on the principles of Daugman’s well‐known IrisCode. The system was evaluated with 595 iris comparisons.Results:  Iris photographs showing latanoprost‐induced pigmentation changes were correctly matched with pretreatment photographs of the same irises with an error probability similar to that for matching equivalent pairs of photographs in intact eyes.Conclusions:  Our results indicate that the pigmentation changes studied do not seem to have a significant effect on the standard identification algorithm.
Gender Equality and Gender Differences: Parenting, Habitus, and Embodiment (The 2008 Porter Lecture)*
Authors: DOUCET ANDREA 
Published: April 2009

S'appuyant sur un projet de recherche d'une durée de quatre ans concernant des pères canadiens dispensateurs de soins de première ligne ainsi que sur deux projets récents sur la première année de soins prodigués au nourrisson, l'auteure attire l'attention sur plusieurs questions théoriques importantes pour l'étude de l'égalité des sexes et de la différence entre les sexes au sujet de l'éducation des enfants. Elle propose d'abord de transférer le centre d'intérêt, qui porte en ce moment sur lestravauxdomestiques, vers lesresponsabilitésfamiliales et communautaires. Elle soutient ensuite que le terrain politique à la base de l'étude du maternage et du paternage exige de la clarté sur la façon dont les chercheurs interprètent l'interaction constante entre l'égalité et les différences. Finalement, elle défend l'idée voulant que les responsabilités parentales, étant donné qu'il y a eu certains changements au cours du temps, demeurent influencées par le genre parce qu'elles sont profondément enracinées dans l'habituset dans la personnification dans des contextes spatiaux et temporels spécifiques.Drawing on a four‐year research project on Canadian primary caregiving fathers, as well two recent projects on the first year of parenting, this article highlights several theoretical and substantive issues in the study of gender equality and gender differences in parenting. First, I call for shifts from a focus on domestictaskstoward domestic and community‐basedresponsibilities. Second, I argue that the political terrain underpinning the study of mothering and fathering calls for clarity on how researchers interpret the constant interplay between equality and differences. Third, while there has been some change over time, parental responsibilities remain gendered because they are deeply rooted in habitus and embodiment across specific spatial and temporal contexts.
Use of bioluminescent bacterial biosensors to investigate the role of free‐living helminths as reservoirs and vectors of Salmonella
Authors: Lacharme‐Lora Lizeth , Perkins Sarah E. , Humphrey Tom J. , Hudson Peter J. , Salisbury Vyv 
Published: April 2009

SummaryFree‐living microbivorous helminths that consume pathogenic bacteria could offer an environmental refuge for those pathogens and also, in the case of accidental ingestion, could transmit food‐borne pathogens to humans and livestock. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the survival of Salmonella bacteria that had been ingested by the helminth Caenorhabditis elegans with that of the bacteria alone, in a series of experiments to mimic harsh environmental conditions. Using lux gene technology to record the in vivo growth of Salmonella we found that when inside C. elegans, the Salmonella exhibited enhanced survival at pH 2 and 3, in the presence of chlorine and when exposed to UV irradiation, thereby providing an environmental refuge or reservoir for the bacteria. On inoculating laboratory mice with C. elegans that had been fed on bioluminescent Salmonella, real‐time imaging showed that animals developed a systemic bacterial infection, indicating that free‐living helminths could play a role as a vector of pathogens.
Pharmacological Exploitation of an Off-Target Antibacterial Effect of the Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Celecoxib against
Francisella tularensis
Authors: Chiu Hao-Chieh , Yang Jian , Soni Shilpa , Kulp Samuel K. , Gunn John S. , Schlesinger Larry S. , Chen Ching-Shih 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Francisella tularensis
, a bacterium which causes tularemia in humans, is classified as a CDC category A bioterrorism agent. In this study, we demonstrate that celecoxib, an anti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor in clinical use, exhibits activity against a type A strain of
F. tularensis
(Schu S4), the live vaccine strain of
F. tularensis
(a type B strain), and
F. novicida
(“
F. tularensis
subsp.
novicida
”) directly in growth medium. This bacterial killing, however, was not noted with rofecoxib, despite its higher potency than that of celecoxib in inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2. The unique ability of celecoxib to inhibit the proliferation of
F. tularensis
could be pharmacologically exploited to develop novel anti-
Francisella
therapeutic agents, of which the proof of principle is demonstrated by compound 20, a celecoxib derivative identified through the screening of a celecoxib-based focused compound library. Compound 20 inhibited the intracellular proliferation of
Francisella
in macrophages without causing appreciable toxicity to these host cells. Together, these data support the translational potential of compound 20 for the further development of novel, potent anti-
Francisella
agents.
Alkoxyalkyl Esters of 9-(
S
)-(3-Hydroxy-2-Phosphonomethoxypropyl) Adenine Are Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Replication In Vitro and in HBV Transgenic Mice In Vivo
Authors: Morrey John D. , Korba Brent E. , Beadle James R. , Wyles David L. , Hostetler Karl Y. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACT

Alkoxyalkyl esters of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates have previously been shown to have increased antiviral activity when they are administered orally in animal models of viral diseases, including lethal infections with vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, ectromelia virus, murine cytomegalovirus, and adenovirus. 9-(
S
)-(3-Hydroxy-2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine [(
S
)-HPMPA] was previously shown to have activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro. To assess the effect of alkoxyalkyl esterification of (
S
)-HPMPA, we prepared the hexadecyloxypropyl (HDP), 15-methyl-hexadecyloxypropyl (15M-HDP), and octadecyloxyethyl (ODE) esters and compared their activities with the activity of adefovir dipivoxil in vitro and in vivo. Alkoxyalkyl esters of (
S
)-HPMPA were 6 to 20 times more active than unmodified (
S
)-HPMPA on the basis of their 50% effective concentrations in 2.2.15 cells. The increased antiviral activity appeared to be due in part to the increased uptake and conversion of HDP-(
S
)-HPMPA to HPMPA diphosphate observed in HepG2 cells in vitro. HDP-(
S
)-HPMPA retained full activity against HBV mutants resistant to lamivudine (L180M, M204V), but cross-resistance to a mutant resistant to adefovir (N236T) was detected. HDP-(
S
)-HPMPA is orally bioavailable and provides excellent liver exposure to the drug. Oral treatment of HBV transgenic mice with HDP-(
S
)-HPMPA, 15M-HDP-(
S
)-HPMPA, and ODE-(S)-HPMPA for 14 days reduced liver HBV DNA levels by roughly 1.5 log units, a response equivalent to that of adefovir dipivoxil.
Effects of Cranberry Juice on Pharmacokinetics of β-Lactam Antibiotics following Oral Administration
Authors: Li Meng , Andrew Marilee A. , Wang Joanne , Salinger David H. , Vicini Paolo , Grady Richard W. , Phillips Brian , Shen Danny D. , Anderson Gail D. 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTCranberry juice consumption is often recommended along with low-dose oral antibiotics for prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Because multiple membrane transporters are involved in the intestinal absorption and renal excretion of β-lactam antibiotics, we evaluated the potential risk of pharmacokinetic interactions between cranberry juice and the β-lactams amoxicillin (amoxicilline) and cefaclor. The amoxicillin-cranberry juice interaction was investigated in 18 healthy women who received on four separate occasions a single oral test dose of amoxicillin at 500 mg and 2 g with or without cranberry juice cocktail (8 oz) according to a crossover design. A parallel cefaclor-cranberry juice interaction study was also conducted in which 500 mg cefaclor was administered with or without cranberry juice cocktail (12 oz). Data were analyzed by noncompartmental methods and nonlinear mixed-effects compartmental modeling. We conclude that the concurrent use of cranberry juice has no significant effect on the extent of oral absorption or the renal clearance of amoxicillin and cefaclor. However, delays in the absorption of amoxicillin and cefaclor were observed. These results suggest that the use of cranberry juice at usual quantities as prophylaxis for UTI is not likely to alter the pharmacokinetics of these two oral antibiotics.
Chlamydial Heat Shock Protein 60 Induces Acute Pulmonary Inflammation in Mice via the Toll-Like Receptor 4- and MyD88-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Bulut Yonca , Shimada Kenichi , Wong Michelle H. , Chen Shuang , Gray Pearl , Alsabeh Randa , Doherty Terence M. , Crother Timothy R. , Arditi Moshe 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTHeat shock protein 60 derived fromChlamydia pneumoniae(cHSP60) activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling through the MyD88 pathway in vitro, but it is not known how cHSP60 contributes toC. pneumoniae-induced lung inflammation. We treated wild-type (WT), TLR2−/−, TLR4−/−, or MyD88−/−mice intratracheally (i.t.) with recombinant cHSP60 (50 μg), UV-killedC. pneumoniae(UVCP; 5 × 106inclusion-forming units/mouse), lipopolysaccharide (2 μg), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and sacrificed mice 24 h later. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was obtained to measure cell counts and cytokine levels, lungs were analyzed for histopathology, and lung homogenate chemokine concentrations were determined. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDDCs) were generated and stimulated with liveC. pneumoniae(multiplicity of infection [MOI], 5), UVCP (MOI, 5), or cHSP60 for 24 h, and the expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. cHSP60 induced acute lung inflammation with the same intensity as that of UVCP-induced inflammation in WT mice but not in TLR4−/−or MyD88−/−mice. cHSP60- and UVCP-induced lung inflammation was associated with increased numbers of cells in BAL, increased neutrophil recruitment, and elevated BAL interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. Both cHSP60 and UVCP induced IL-6 release and CD80 and CD86 expression in WT cells but not in MyD88−/−BMDDCs. cHSP60 stimulated DC activation in a TLR4- and MyD88-dependent manner with an intensity similar to that induced by UVCP. These data suggest that cHSP60 promotes lung inflammation and DC activation via TLR4 and MyD88 and therefore may play a significant role in the pathogenesis ofC. pneumoniae-induced chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
Bivalent Recombinant Vaccine for Botulinum Neurotoxin Types A and B Based on a Polypeptide Comprising Their Effector and Translocation Domains That Is Protective against the Predominant A and B Subtypes
Authors: Shone Clifford , Agostini Heidi , Clancy Joanna , Gu Mili , Yang Huei-Hsiung , Chu Yanfang , Johnson Virginia , Taal Makie , McGlashan Joanna , Brehm John , Tong Xiaomi 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTThe botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are a large family of extremely potent, neuroparalytic, dichain proteins which act at the peripheral nervous system. The wide genetic diversity observed with this neurotoxin family poses a significant challenge for the development of an effective botulinum vaccine. The present study describes a vaccine development platform based on protein fragments representing the N-terminal two-thirds of each toxin molecule. These fragments, designated LHN, comprise the light chain and translocation domains of each neurotoxin and are devoid of any neuron-binding activity. Using codon-optimized genes, LHNfragments derived from BoNT serotypes A and B were expressed inEscherichia coliin high yield with >1 g of purified, soluble fragment recoverable from 4.5 liter-scale fermentations. The protective efficacy of LHN/A was significantly enhanced by treatment with formaldehyde, which induced intramolecular cross-linking but virtually no aggregation of the fragment. A single immunization of the modified fragment protected mice from challenge with a 10350% lethal dose (LD50) of BoNT/A1with an 50% effective dose (ED50) of 50 ng of the vaccine. In similar experiments, the LHN/A vaccine was shown to protect mice against challenge with BoNT/A subtypes A1, A2, and A3, which is the first demonstration of single-dose protection by a vaccine against the principal toxin subtypes of BoNT/A. The LHN/B vaccine was also highly efficacious, giving an ED50of ∼140 ng to a challenge of 103LD50of BoNT/B1. In addition, LHN/B provided single-dose protection in mice against BoNT/B4(nonproteolytic toxin subtype).
Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisFibronectin Attachment Protein Activates Dendritic Cells and Induces a Th1 Polarization
Authors: Lee Jun Sik , Shin Sung Jae , Collins Michael T. , Jung In Duk , Jeong Young-Il , Lee Chang-Min , Shin Yong Kyoo , Kim Daejin , Park Yeong-Min 
Published: April 2009

ABSTRACTParatuberculosis is a chronic infectious disorder and a major problem in farmed ruminants. This disease is caused byMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis.M. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisis an important pathogen that causes Johne's disease in animals and also has been implicated as a possible cause of Crohn's disease in humans, but little is known about the protective immune responses to this microorganism. Fibronectin attachment protein (FAP) is a member of a family of fibronectin-binding proteins produced by several species of mycobacteria which is important in the pathogenesis ofM. avium. Addition of recombinant FAP to human respiratory tract organ cultures inhibitsM. aviumbinding to areas where there is epithelial damage. We characterized the role of FAP in promoting adaptive and innate immune responses. FAP functionally activated dendritic cells by augmenting the expression of CD80, CD86, major histocompatibility complex class I, and major histocompatibility complex class II. Moreover, FAP induced the allogeneic immunostimulatory capacity of dendritic cells by stimulating dendritic cell production of Th1-promoting interleukin-12. FAP also increased the production of gamma interferon by T cells in mixed-lymphocyte reactions, which would be expected to contribute to the Th1 polarization of the immune response. The expression of surface markers and cytokine production in dendritic cells was mediated by both mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-κB pathways. These results show that FAP modulates the adaptive immune responses toM. aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisby inducing maturation and activation of dendritic cells, which drives Th1 polarization.
Limited value of testing for intrinsic factor antibodies with negative gastric parietal cell antibodies in pernicious anaemia: Figure 1
Authors: Khan S , Del-Duca C , Fenton E , Holding S , Hirst J , Doré P C , Sewell W A C 
Published: April 2009

Background:The appropriate testing strategy for diagnosing pernicious anaemia using gastric parietal cell (GPC) and/or intrinsic factor antibodies (IFA) is controversial. Intrinsic factor antibodies are found in only about 70% of cases. Indirect immunofluorescence screening for gastric parietal cell antibodies is more sensitive, labour intensive, and less specific.Methods:The frequency of antibody positivity (IFA and/or GPC) was retrospectively examined in patients tested for both autoantibodies over a three-year period. It was investigated whether B12 levels were related to antibody status. These findings were validated in a prospective study of IFA in 91 GPC negative patients with low B12 levels.Results:Of 847 samples identified in the retrospective study, 4 (0.47%) were positive for only intrinsic factor antibodies, 731 (86.3%) positive for GPC alone, and 112 (13.2%) for both. Student t test on log-transformed data showed B12 levels had no bearing on autoantibody status. 91 consecutive patients with low B12 levels were tested for both autoantibodies; all were negative for gastric parietal cell antibodies. Only one sample was positive for intrinsic factor antibody using the porcine intrinsic factor assay, but was negative by a human recombinant intrinsic factor-based ELISA.Conclusions:This study provides evidence that testing for gastric parietal cell antibodies is an appropriate screening test for pernicious anaemia, with intrinsic factor antibodies reserved for confirmatory testing or in patients with other autoantibodies that mask the GPC pattern; B12 levels are not related to autoantibody status.
CRITICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE SPECIFIC HEAT IN THE VICINITY OF THE TRANSITION TEMPERATURE FOR S-TRIAZINE
Authors: KURT M. , YURTSEVEN H. 
Published: April 2009

The critical behavior of the specific heat is studied in s-triazine ( C3N3H3). Using the experimental data for the CP, the temperature dependence of the specific heat is analyzed according to a power-law formula and the values of the critical exponent for CPare extracted in the vicinity of the transition temperature (TC=198.07 K ).It is indicated that s-triazine undergoes a weakly first order (quasi-continuous) or second order phase transition.
From the chair
Authors: Sipior Janice C. , Lending Diane , Amoroso Donald L. , Shayo Conrad , Vowels Susan A. 
Published: April 2009

The ACM-SIGMIS CPR (Computer Personnel Research) 2009 Conference and Doctoral Student Consortium is almost upon us! The University of Limerick campus in beautiful Limerick, Ireland is the location of this year's conference from May 28-30, 2009. Please check out our 2009 SIGMIS CPR BLOG at: http://sigmiscpr2009.blogspot.com to obtain travel, housing, and other information! Ask a question or post something you found!
Please plan to attend the annual SIGMIS Business Meeting to be held right at the close of the conference on Saturday, May 30, 2009. All are welcome!
Plans for next year's CPR 2010 Conference, to be held in Vancouver, BC, Canada, are now underway. The Conference Chair is Mike Gallivan, Georgia State University, mikegallivan@yahoo.com or mgallivan@gsu.edu. Please consider joining the program committee, participating in conference planning, and, of course, submitting your research by the October 2009 deadline. Encourage your colleagues to participate!
Remember to consult the ACM Digital Library at: http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm to for this year's forthcoming CPR conference proceedings and Data Base articles. Referring to these publication outlets will keep you up-to-date and in touch with your colleagues' most recent research!
I encourage you to continue to submit your best work to Data Base. This publication is the primary vehicle of communication to our membership, presenting articles of practical research significance and relating experiences in the area of business uses of information systems. Data Base provides an accessible, flexible, and timely forum for information on both well-researched topics and those less common, perhaps leading-edge topics which may not yet have found their way into the literature. Controversial or untested research topics are welcome. Submission information is available at the Data Base website at: http://the-database.org.
As always, thanks for your continued support of SIGMIS. Please do contact any one of us with comments, ideas, and suggestions for improvement. Have a nice summer!
We look forward to seeing you at CPR'09!
Right-lateralized Brain Oscillations in Human Spatial Navigation
Authors: Jacobs Joshua , Korolev Igor O. , Caplan Jeremy B. , Ekstrom Arne D. , Litt Brian , Baltuch Gordon , Fried Itzhak , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Madsen Joseph R. , Kahana Michael J. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
During spatial navigation, lesion and functional imaging studies suggest that the right hemisphere has a unique functional role. However, studies of direct human brain recordings have not reported interhemisphere differences in navigation-related oscillatory activity. We investigated this apparent discrepancy using intracranial electroencephalographic recordings from 24 neurosurgical patients playing a virtual taxi driver game. When patients were virtually moving in the game, brain oscillations at various frequencies increased in amplitude compared with periods of virtual stillness. Using log-linear analysis, we analyzed the region and frequency specificities of this pattern and found that neocortical movement-related gamma oscillations (34–54 Hz) were significantly lateralized to the right hemisphere, especially in posterior neocortex. We also observed a similar right lateralization of gamma oscillations related to searching for objects at unknown virtual locations. Thus, our results indicate that gamma oscillations in the right neocortex play a special role in human spatial navigation.
Spatial Attention Evokes Similar Activation Patterns for Visual and Auditory Stimuli
Authors: Smith David V. , Davis Ben , Niu Kathy , Healy Eric W. , Bonilha Leonardo , Fridriksson Julius , Morgan Paul S. , Rorden Chris 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Neuroimaging studies suggest that a fronto-parietal network is activated when we expect visual information to appear at a specific spatial location. Here we examined whether a similar network is involved for auditory stimuli. We used sparse fMRI to infer brain activation while participants performed analogous visual and auditory tasks. On some trials, participants were asked to discriminate the elevation of a peripheral target. On other trials, participants made a nonspatial judgment. We contrasted trials where the participants expected a peripheral spatial target to those where they were cued to expect a central target. Crucially, our statistical analyses were based on trials where stimuli were anticipated but not presented, allowing us to directly infer perceptual orienting independent of perceptual processing. This is the first neuroimaging study to use an orthogonal-cuing paradigm (with cues predicting azimuth and responses involving elevation discrimination). This aspect of our paradigm is important, as behavioral cueing effects in audition are classically only observed when participants are asked to make spatial judgments. We observed similar fronto-parietal activation for both vision and audition. In a second experiment that controlled for stimulus properties and task difficulty, participants made spatial and temporal discriminations about musical instruments. We found that the pattern of brain activation for spatial selection of auditory stimuli was remarkably similar to what we found in our first experiment. Collectively, these results suggest that the neural mechanisms supporting spatial attention are largely similar across both visual and auditory modalities.