bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual temperature process for reduction in regrowth interfacial charge in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown on GaN substrates
Authors: Eichfeld Sarah M. , Won Dongjin , Trumbull Kathy , Labella Michael , Weng Xiaojun , Robinson Joshua , Snyder David , Redwing Joan M. , Paskova Tanya , Udwary Kevin , Mulholland Greg , Preble Ed , Evans Keith R. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe effects of growth temperature and Mg compensation doping on the structural and electrical properties of AlGaN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMTs) structures grown on low threading dislocation density bulk GaN substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated. The background electron concentration in the regrown GaN was found to decrease from 1.5x1018 cm‐3 to 2x1016 cm‐3 as the growth temperature was reduced from 1100 °C to 950 °C. A dual temperature process was then employed for growth of the GaN base layer and AlGaN/AlN/GaN top heterostructure in the HEMT along with Mg doping of the GaN base to compensate residual Si donors at the regrown interface. Using this approach, AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMTs were produced that had a sheet carrier density as high as 1.1x1013 cm‐3 with a room temperature mobility of 1600 cm2/Vs. The incorporation of a thin AlN layer at the regrown interface was found to reduce the sheet carrier density of the overall structure (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of Cd2+ and Mg2+ on the electrical and thermal properties of manganese mercury thiocyanate crystals and its Lewis base adducts‐future materials for photonics device fabrication
Authors: Kumar R. Santhosh , Chandralingam S. , George Sijosh , G. Sreekanth , Augustine Michael , Joseph Ginson P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractSingle crystasls of pure and doped MMTC and MMTD crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique. The TGA traces of doped crystals show a marginal increase in the thermal stability of the samples. The influence of metal substitution on the dielectric properties of the MMTC and MMTD crystals has been investigated and reported. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
White upconversion luminescence in nanocrystalline (Ho,Tm,Yb):KLu(WO4)2 phosphor
Authors: Barrera E. William , Pujol M. Cinta , Cascales Concepción , Carvajal Joan J. , Mateos X. , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc 
Published: May 2011

AbstractHighly crystalline codoped Ho3+,Tm3+,Yb3+ KLu(WO4)2 monoclinic nanocrystals with the C 2/c space group symmetry were synthesized by the modified Pechini method. Powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, upconversion photoluminescence spectra, and kinetic decay were used to characterize the samples. The nanocrystals belonged to the monoclinic phase, with a crystallite size of 30‐70 nm. Under 930 nm laser excitation, red, green and blue upconversion emissions were simultaneously observed, due to the energy transfer from the Yb3+ 2F5/2 excited level. The decay times of the emitting states were studied at room temperature to describe the photoluminescence dynamics. The influence of excitation power and calcination conditions on CIE chromaticity coordinates were evaluated. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mobile one‐time passwords: two‐factor authentication using mobile phones
Authors: Eldefrawy Mohamed Hamdy , Khan Muhammad Khurram , Alghathbar Khaled , Kim Tai‐Hoon , Elkamchouchi Hassan 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTStatic password authentication has security drawbacks. In two‐factor authentication (2FA,) each user carries a device, called token, to generate passwords that are valid only one time. 2FA based on one‐time passwords (OTPs) provides improved protection because users are prompted to provide something they know (i.e., PIN) and something they have (i.e., token). Many systems have satisfied the 2FA requirements by sending an OTP through an SMS to the user's phone device. Unfortunately, international roaming, and SMS costs, delays, and security put restrictions on this system reliability. Also, time synchronous‐based solutions are not applicable for mobile phones. In this paper, we present a novel 2FA scheme whereby multiple OTPs are being produced by utilizing an initial seed and two different nested hash chains: one dedicated to seed updating and the other used for OTP production. We overcome all the restrictions that come from other techniques. We analyze our proposal from the viewpoint of security and performance compared with the other algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of an organic thin film by XPS, AFM and FT‐IR
Authors: Park Soon Mi , Yu Hyunung , Park Min Gyu , Han Sang Yun , Kang Sang Woo , Park Hyun Min , Kim Jeong Won 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe report the characterization of Firpic (iridium(III)bis[4,6‐di‐fluorophenyl]‐pyridinato‐N,C2,]picolinate) organic thin film prepared by vacuum deposition to provide a systematic route to organic film quantification. To analyze the characteristics of thin Firpic films on a Si substrate, various techniques such as XPS, Fourier transform infra‐red (FT‐IR) spectrometer, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are utilized. The Firpic films remain stable without surface morphological or compositional change during deposition and after exposure to X‐ray irradiation or atmospheric environment, for which qualities these films are believed to be an ideal platform as a pure organic thin film. The monotonic increases in FT‐IR and XPS intensities with film thickness are matching well with each other. In particular, from the XPS intensity analysis, the relative atomic sensitivity factors of the present system, electron attenuation length, and molecular density in the organic thin film can be evaluated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoscale polyoxometalate‐based inorganic/organic hybrids
Authors: Song Yu‐Fei , Long De‐Liang , Ritchie Chris , Cronin Leroy 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe latest advances in the area of polyoxometalate (POM)‐based inorganic/organic hybrid materials prepared by self‐assembly, covalent modification, and supramolecular interactions are presented. This Review is composed of five sections and documents the effect of organic cations on the formation of novel POMs, surfactant encapsulated POM‐based hybrids, polymeric POM/organic hybrid materials, POMs‐containing ionic crystals, and covalently functionalized POMs. In addition to their role in the charge‐balancing, of anionic POMs, the crucial role of organic cations in the formation and functionalization of POM‐based hybrid materials is discussed. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100002
A generalized method to determine detectability of rare and cryptic species using the ornate box turtle as a model
Authors: Refsnider Jeanine M. , Mitchell Timothy S. , Streby Henry M. , Strickland Jeramie T. , Warner Daniel A. , Janzen Fredric J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEstimates regarding population parameters are often based on data from surveys. To ensure that such estimates are as accurate as possible, it is important to know the detectability resulting from the particular survey method used. We used radiotelemetry to measure detectability of ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata), using visual‐encounter surveys in a sand prairie in northwestern Illinois, USA. We found that the overall detection probability of visual‐encounter surveys was 0.03, and our high frequency of nondetection was due to a failure to detect visible turtles rather than turtles being underground or hidden in dense vegetation. Despite the substantial population density at our study site, visual‐encounter surveys failed to detect box turtles on most visits, which resulted in a prohibitively high number of surveys that would be required to accurately estimate population size or to infer absence of the species from a site. Our method of using radiotelemetry to measure detection probability of a survey method could be easily applied to other small, cryptic, or rare species. However, our low detection probability and high frequency of nondetections recommend against use of visual‐encounter surveys alone in estimating population parameters for ornate box turtles. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Accuracy for determining sex of white‐tailed deer fetuses
Authors: Strickland Bronson K. , Demarais Stephen , Zamorano Angeline , DeYoung Randy W. , Dacus Chad M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractExplanations for variation in fetal sex ratio are needed to better understand the white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) life‐history strategy. Sex determination in fetal white‐tailed deer is often based on external morphology and previous studies indicate that fetal sex does not become morphologically distinct until 63–69 days postconception. Until the advent of molecular techniques, there was no means to evaluate observer accuracy or to determine whether fetal sexing is feasible at <63 days postconception. We collected fetuses from wild deer in Mississippi, USA during spring 2008 (n = 55) and 2009 (n = 88) and measured fetal sex classification among 3 groups of observers with differing levels of experience: an inexperienced group (n = 31), an experienced group (n = 3), and a wildlife biologist group (n = 12). We then determined fetal sex using sex‐linked genetic markers and modeled observer accuracy using logistic regression. The inexperienced group required fetuses aged 63 days, 67 days, and 75 days old to correctly classify with 90%, 95%, and 99% accuracy, respectively. The experienced group correctly sexed fetuses at 54 days, 55 days, and 56 days old with 90%, 95%, and 99% accuracy, respectively. The wildlife biologists correctly sexed fetuses at 55 days, 57 days, and 59 days old with 90%, 95%, and 99% accuracy, respectively. Our study was the first to use known‐sex fetuses to estimate observer accuracy of fetal white‐tailed deer at various ages. Our results suggest training observers to recognize fetal tissue development can improve classification accuracy. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Does species composition of arctic geese recovered in prairie Canada vary by hunter residency?
Authors: Alisauskas Ray T. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEstimates of goose harvest by the National Harvest Survey (NHS) in Canada are based on the assumption that species composition of harvest by non‐Canadians that hunt in Canada is equivalent to that of Canadians. Non‐Canadian hunters are not sampled for composition of species harvested, so differences in proportions harvested per hunter could lead to biased harvest estimates; bias would increase with increasing proportions of unsampled non‐Canadians in relation to sampled Canadian hunters. My objective was to test the assumption of equality of species composition between these 2 strata of hunters for Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba using recoveries of cackling (Branta hutchinsii), Ross's (Chen rossii), lesser snow (C. caerulescens caerulescens), and greater white‐fronted (Anser albifrons) geese marked south of Queen Maud Gulf in Nunavut, Canada's Central Arctic. I used multinomial logistic regression of recoveries between Canadian and non‐Canadian hunters controlling for hunting season. Non‐Canadian hunters selected Ross's geese over white‐fronted geese compared to Canadians hunting in both Alberta and Saskatchewan, where all 4 species are harvested. Thus, harvest estimates for Ross's geese may be biased low in Alberta and Saskatchewan and those for white‐fronted geese biased high. Waterfowl species harvested by non‐Canadians could be sampled to estimate and correct biases in the NHS. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Probing the Metal Composition of Ternary 12–12′‐16 Nanoclusters via Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Howarth Ashlee , Liu JiangJiang , Konermann Lars , Corrigan John F. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe reaction of [(3,5‐Me2–C5H3N)2Zn(SeSiMe3)2] with a solution of Cd(OAc)2, Se(Ph)SiMe3 and PPr3 at low temperature was used to prepare single crystals of ternary group 12–12′‐16 nanoclusters with the composition [Zn1.8Cd8.2Se4(SePh)12(PPr3)4]. A ligand exchange reaction using Na[SePh] was performed to displace the neutral PPr3 ligands. The resulting clusters were probed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to determine the number of zinc and cadmium atoms in the cluster and compared to the all cadmium cluster [Cd10Se4(SePh)12(PPr3)4]. The dianionic clusters [ZnxCd10–xSe4(SePh)14]2– where x = 0, 1, 2 were assigned in the mass spectra, revealing that the clusters exhibit elemental distributions that are quite narrow in these experiments.
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Bis(ethylenediamine)acetatonickel(II)hexafluoridophosphate Complex [Ni(en)2(CH3CO2)]PF6. An Unexpected Acetylacetonato Cleavage Reaction
Authors: Martin Maria da Graça M. B. , Hörner Manfredo , Boneberger Behm Mariana , Nunes Fábio S. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe title complex was synthesized by an unusual reaction between [Ni(acac)2(H2O)2] and ethylenediamine in water solution. The crystal structure of 1 shows the nickel(II) core in a tetragonally distorted octahedral environment coordinated to two ethylenediamine molecules and one acetate ligand. This is the first example of a mononuclear bis(ethylenediamine)nickel(II) complex, where the oxygen atoms of the auxiliary ligand are in cis configuration. The compound exhibits an extensive association between the complex cation and the respective anion through classical N–H···O and N–H···F intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which generate a supramolecular 3D arrangement in the solid state.
Solvothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photocatalytic H2 Evolution of two CuII Coordination Polymers Based on Keggin Polyoxotungstates
Authors: Sun Xianfeng , You Wansheng , Han Xuemei , Ren Li , Huang Cuiying , Liu Meiying 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo new CuII coordination polymers based on α‐Keggin polyoxotungstates, [Cu2(dpa)2(H2O)2(GeW12O40)]·0.5CH3COOH (1) and [Hdpa][Cu2(dpa)2(4,4′‐bipy)(H2O)2(PW10V2O40)] (2) (dpa = 2,2′‐dipyridylamine, 4,4′‐bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine), were obtained by solvothermal reactions in glacial acetic acid and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, TG analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 exhibits a 1D two‐rowed chain constructed from [GeW12O40]4– anions coordinated with [Cu(1)(dpa)]2+ and [Cu(2)(dpa)(H2O)2]2+ fragments by four terminal oxygen atoms. Compound 2 exhibits a 2D layered structure constructed from [PW10V2O40]5– anions coordinated with [Cu(dpa)(4,4′‐bipy)0.5(H2O)]2+ fragments by four terminal oxygen atoms. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of 1 and the photocatalytic hydrogen production of 1 and 2 were investigated.
Calculation of Some Thermodynamic Properties and Detonation Parameters of 1‐Ethyl‐3‐Methyl‐H‐Imidazolium Perchlorate, [Emim][ClO4], on the Basis of CBS‐4M and CHEETAH Computations Supplemented by VBT Estimates
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Brooke Jenkins H. Donald , van Eldik Rudi , Schmeisser Matthias 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThis paper estimates some thermochemical (in kcal mol–1) and detonation parameters for the ionic liquid, [emim][ClO4] and its associated solid in view of its investigation as an energetic material. The thermochemical values estimated, employing CBS‐4M computational methodology and volume‐based thermodynamics (VBT) include: lattice energy, UPOT([emim][ClO4]) ≈︁ 123 ± 16 kcal·mol–1; enthalpy of formation of the gaseous cation, ΔfH°([emim]+, g) = 144.2 kcal·mol–1 and anion, ΔfH°([ClO4]–, g) = –66.1 kcal·mol–1; the enthalpy of formation of the solid salt, ΔfH°([emim][ClO4],s) ≈︁ –55 ± 16 kcal·mol–1 and for the associated ionic liquid, ΔfHo([emim][ClO4],l) = –52 ± 16 kcal·mol–1 as well as the corresponding Gibbs energy terms: ΔfG°([emim][ClO4],s) ≈︁ +29 ± 16 kcal·mol–1 and ΔfGo([emim][ClO4],l) = +24 ± 16 kcal·mol–1 and the associated standard absolute entropies, of the solid [emim][ClO4], S°298([emim][ClO4],s) = 83 ± 4 cal·K–1·mol–1. The following combustion and detonation parameters are assigned to [emim][ClO4] in its (ionic) liquid form: specific impulse (Isp) = 228 s (monopropellant), detonation velocity (VoD) = 5466 m·s–1, detonation pressure (pC–J) = 99 kbar, explosion temperature (Tex) = 2842 K.
Liver Packing During Elective Surgery: An Option that can be Considered
Authors: Allard Marc Antoine , Dondero Federica , Sommacale Daniel , Dokmak Safi , Belghiti Jacques , Farges Olivier 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundPacking is a life‐saving procedure in patients undergoing emergency surgery for blunt hepatic trauma, especially when massive blood transfusions, acidosis, or hypothermia have resulted in coagulation disorders. The purpose of this study was to apply this concept to the setting of elective liver surgery.MethodsElective packing was performed in 7 patients who had sustained prolonged bleeding mainly related to partial outflow obstruction during the course of liver resection (n = 3) or transplantation (n = 4). At the time of packing, conventional methods of hemostasis had failed and surgery had lasted for 490 (range, 380–695) minutes, blood loss was 5,700 (range, 2,100–13,700) ml, and all patients had coagulation disorders (prothrombin time PT <30%, platelets <45 g/l), hypothermia (body temperature 35.4°C), acidosis (median blood pH 7.24; serum lactate 6.5 mmol/l) and required catecholamine support.ResultsUnpacking was performed after a median of 37 (range, 26–60) hours. At that time, all patients were normothermic, with platelet counts >45 g/l, PT >30%, and restored acid‐base balance. Active bleeding had stopped, and secondary fascia closure was feasible. With a minimum follow‐up of 6 months, all patients are alive without sequel.ConclusionsPacking is a safe and efficient means to control venous bleeding when conventional methods of hemostasis have failed, knowing that commonly the reason for failure of conventional method of hemostasis is partial outflow obstruction.
Motivic invariants ofp-adic fields
Authors: Ormsby Kyle M. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe provide a complete analysis of the motivic Adams spectral sequences converging to the bigraded coefficients of the 2-complete algebraic Johnson-Wilson spectra BPGL〈n〉 overp-adic fields. These spectra interpolate between integral motivic cohomology (n= 0), a connective version of algebraicK-theory (n= 1), and the algebraic Brown-Peterson spectrum (n= ∞). We deduce that, overp-adic fields, the 2-completeBPGL〈n〉 splits over 2-complete BPGL〈0〉, implying that the slice spectral sequence forBPGLcollapses.This is the first in a series of two papers investigating motivic invariants ofp-adic fields, and it lays the groundwork for an understanding of the motivic Adams-Novikov spectral sequence over such base fields.
WATER AND NITROGEN-BALANCE AND -USE EFFICIENCY IN A RICE (ORYZA SATIVA)–WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) CROPPING SYSTEM AS INFLUENCED BY MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS: FIELD AND SIMULATION STUDY
Authors: JALOTA S. K. , VASHISHT BHARAT BHUSHAN , KAUR HARSIMRAN , ARORA V. K. , VASHIST K. K. , DEOL K. S. 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYThe present study concerns identification of the most profitable and water and nitrogen use efficient best management practice (BMP) in a rice–wheat system using a combined approach of field experimentation and simulation. In the field study, two independent experiments, (1) effect of three transplanting/sowing dates, two cultivars and two irrigation regimes and (2) effect of four nitrogen (N) levels with four irrigation regimes, were conducted for two seasons of 2008–09 and 2009–10 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Integrating the treatments of the two independent field experiments, simulations were run with the CropSyst model. The BMP demonstrated was transplanting of rice on 20 June and sowing of wheat on 5 November, irrigation to rice at 4-day drainage period and to wheat at irrigation water depth/Pan–E (open pan evaporation) ratio of 0.9, and fertilizer N of 150 kg ha−1 to each crop for medium-duration varieties. This practice gave higher profit (35%), equivalent rice yield (16%), crop water productivity (15%), irrigation water productivity (51%), economic water productivity (34%) and economic N productivity (94%) than the existing practice by the farmers. The improvement in crop water productivity by shifting the transplanting/sowing date was due to reduction in soil water evaporation and increased transpiration and fertilizer N productivity through increased N uptake.
Therapeutic efficacy of topical application of dexamethasone to the round window niche after acoustic trauma caused by intensive impulse noise in guinea pigs
Authors: Chi F-L , Yang M-Q , Zhou Y-D , Wang B 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:To assess the therapeutic efficacy of dexamethasone administered topically to the round window niche, following acoustic trauma induced by intensive impulse noise, in guinea pigs.Methods:Adult, male, albino guinea pigs with a normal Preyer's reflex were exposed to 80 impulse noises (peak value 167 dB, duration 0.5 ms, interval 2 s). Dexamethasone (40 mg/ml) or saline was then topically applied to the round window niche. Each animal's auditory brainstem response was measured before and one day after exposure, and three weeks after topical treatment. Cochlear morphology was examined to assess hair cell loss and spiral ganglion cell damage. To assess oxidative activity, cochlear malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase concentrations were determined three weeks post-treatment. Following topical application, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of dexamethasone in cochlear perilymph were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography.Results:Animals receiving dexamethasone showed reduced noise-induced outer hair cell loss (three weeks post-treatment), and significant attenuation of noise-induced auditory brainstem response threshold shifts (one day post-exposure and three weeks post-treatment), compared with controls. There was no difference in spiral ganglion morphology. Animals receiving dexamethasone also showed a significantly lower malondialdehyde concentration and a higher superoxide dismutase concentration, post-exposure. Following topical application, the perilymph dexamethasone level peaked at 5330.522 µg/ml (15 minutes post-treatment), and was 299.797 µg/ml 360 minutes later.Conclusion:Topical application of dexamethasone to the round window niche has protective effects against intensive impulse noise induced trauma in the guinea pig cochlea. This drug can diffuse into the inner ear through the round window membrane and persist in the perilymph for a relatively long period. The mechanism of protection may involve an anti-oxidant effect.
Challenges encountered in the diagnosis of tuberculous otitis media: case report and literature review
Authors: Dale O T , Clarke A R , Drysdale A J 
Published: May 2011

AbstractObjective:To report a rare case of tuberculous otitis media, and to highlight barriers to clinical and microbiological diagnosis.Method:Case report and literature review.Results:Tuberculous otitis media is a rare cause of chronic ear infection in the UK. Its symptoms may mimic a range of other otological conditions, including otitis media, chronic suppurative otitis media, cholesteatoma and necrotising otitis media.Conclusion:This case report highlights the challenges of obtaining a clinical diagnosis of tuberculous otitis media, and emphasises the fact that screening for acid-fast bacilli is not sufficient, in isolation, to rule out mycobacterial infection.