bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to participation in clinical trials of rural older adult cancer survivors: A qualitative study
Authors: Arana‐Chicas Evelyn , Prisco Laura M. Hincapie , Sharma Saloni , Stauffer Fiona , Dauphin Serge , Ban‐Hoefen Makiko , Navarette Jaime , Zittel Jason , Cupertino Ana Paula , Magnuson Allison , Mustian Karen M. , Mohile Supriya G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, 64% of cancer survivors are aged 65+. Older cancer survivors have unique complications after chemotherapy and are often excluded from cancer clinical trials. Although there is research on barriers to clinical trial participation of older adult cancer survivors, to date no research has explored barriers to clinical trial participation unique to rural older adult cancer survivors.MethodsThis study is a secondary qualitative analysis from a study exploring survivorship challenges of rural older adults. Eligible participants were rural residents over age 65 who have completed curative‐intent chemotherapy in the past 12 months. Participants (n = 27) completed open‐ended semi‐structured interviews that included questions on barriers to clinical trial participation. Transcripts were coded independently by two coders using thematic analysis. We have adhered to the standards for reporting qualitative research.FindingsParticipants reported a variety of barriers that included limited knowledge and fear about clinical trials, transportation challenges, their physicians not informing them of clinical trials, and thinking they are too old to participate in clinical trials. However, participants also reported facilitators to participating in clinical trials, including acknowledging benefits to their own health and society, and understanding the importance of clinical trials.ConclusionRural older cancer survivors face numerous interpersonal, intrapersonal, and organizational barriers to clinical trial participation. Aging‐ and location‐sensitive interventions that focus on patients, their caregivers, and health care providers may lead to improved participation of rural older adult survivors into clinical trials.
The economic effects of winning coalition size on the aid‐growth nexus
Authors: Choi Yunhee , Heo Uk 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveDespite a plethora of studies on the relationship between foreign aid and economic growth of the recipient countries, there is no consensus. We argue that the size of the winning coalition dictates the decision on how the aid capital is used because the top priority of national leaders is staying in power. To this end, we investigate how the size of the winning coalition affects the relationship between foreign aid and economic growth.MethodsTo empirically test the effects of the size of the winning coalition on the aid‐economic nexus, we test 82 developing countries from 1960 to 2010. To address the methodological issues including heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, overdetermination, and endogeneity, we employed a two‐step generalized method of moments estimation technique.ResultsOur analysis reveals that the size of the winning coalition affects how the aid capital is used, which in turn significantly affects economic growth. The larger the winning coalition, the better economic growth.ConclusionThe size of the winning coalition significantly affects the economic effects of foreign aid on the recipient country's economic growth. In terms of policy implications, international donors may specify how the aid capital is allocated to improve the recipient country's economic infrastructure.
Low‐cost cold porcelain anatomical models: An affordable complementary teaching tool
Authors: dos Santos Lara Gonçalves , Casari Julia Ravazzi , Gonsalves Daniel Gregório , Neto Wilson Falco , Rissi Renato 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundHuman cadavers are an important component of anatomy education; however, they have limitations. In this scenario, alternative artificial models emerge to complement teaching and enable learning in environments with scarce resources. The following study aims to demonstrate the elaboration of handmade cold porcelain models and their acceptance by medical students in a Brazilian university.ApproachA cross‐sectional study was carried out with 70 first‐year medical students using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The students' evaluation was analysed through an online questionnaire with a Likert scale and an open‐ended question. The present study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee. Five models were produced with cold porcelain and resin.EvaluationQualitative evaluation highlighted the ease and practicality of the models. Students agree with the idea that the use of cadavers and handmade anatomical pieces contribute to their learning, that the handmade models are very similar to the human body, and they strongly agree that the use of both made it easier to understand the content. However, they also see the models as complementary materials, disagreeing with the idea that they are the best or the only ways to teach. In the word cloud, the words “unreal” and “complement” are often highlighted converging to the idea that was also observed in the quantitative analysis that handmade models are a complementary teaching tool.ImplicationsCold porcelain handmade models enable the democratisation of anatomy teaching; hence, they are low‐cost, easy to access, and allow the reproducibility of anatomical structures by each student. Anatomical models that emerge, such as handmade models, are an important complement to anatomy education and a solution for places with scarce resources.
Bayliss Starling Prize Lecture 2023: Neuropeptide‐Y being ‘unsympathetic’ to the broken hearted
Authors: Bussmann Benjamin , Ayagama Thamali , Liu Kun , Li Dan , Herring Neil 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWilliam Bayliss and Ernest Starling are not only famous as pioneers in cardiovascular physiology, but also responsible for the discovery of the first hormone (from the Greek ‘excite or arouse’), the intestinal signalling molecule and neuropeptide secretin in 1902. Our research group focuses on neuropeptides and neuromodulators that influence cardiovascular autonomic control as potential biomarkers in disease and tractable targets for therapeutic intervention. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic heart failure (CHF) result in high levels of cardiac sympathetic stimulation, which is a poor prognostic indicator. Although beta‐blockers improve mortality in these conditions by preventing the action of the neurotransmitter noradrenaline, a substantial residual risk remains. Recently, we have identified the sympathetic co‐transmitter neuropeptide‐Y (NPY) as being released during AMI, leading to larger infarcts and life‐threatening arrhythmia in both animal models and patients. Here, we discuss recently published data demonstrating that peripheral venous NPY levels are associated with heart failure hospitalisation and mortality after AMI, and all cause cardiovascular mortality in CHF, even when adjusting for known risk factors (including brain natriuretic peptide). We have investigated the mechanistic basis for these observations in human and rat stellate ganglia and cardiac tissue, manipulating NPY neurochemistry at the same time as using state‐of‐the‐art imaging techniques, to establish the receptor pathways responsible for NPY signalling. We propose NPY as a new mechanistic biomarker in AMI and CHF patients and aim to determine whether specific NPY receptor blockers can prevent arrhythmia and attenuate the development of heart failure.
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Criterion Validity and Reliability of 2 Brief Physical Activity Questionnaires in Ethnically Diverse Adults
Authors: Quiles Norberto N. , Uher David , Balachandran Anoop , Ortiz Alexis , Garber Carol 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The study compares moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) as evaluated by the Exercise Vital Signs (EVS) and Physical Activity Vital Signs (PAVS) questionnaires to accelerometry, and evaluates the reliability of the questionnaires in ethnically diverse adults. Methods: Ninety-nine participants (mean age 38.1 y; 49.5% women; Hispanics 43.8%; European American 18.8%; African American 14.6%) were included in the analyses. Participants wore an accelerometer at the hip for at least 7 days and completed the EVS and PAVS questionnaires at the beginning (T1) and at the end (T2) of the 7 days. Associations between the questionnaires and accelerometry were examined using Spearman rho. The reliability of the questionnaires was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient. Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated. Results: Weak positive correlations were observed between the accelerometer MVPA and the EVS MVPA at T2 (ρ = .263, P = .013), and the PAVS MVPA at T2 (ρ = .327, P = .003). The sensitivity of the EVS and PAVS was 73.2% and 82.6%, respectively. The specificity for each questionnaire was 35.3%. The reliability for the EVS questionnaire (intraclass correlation coefficient = .855; 95% CI, .791–.901; P < .001) was good, while the reliability of the PAVS questionnaire (intraclass correlation coefficient = .652; 95% CI, .511–.758; P < .001) was moderate. Conclusion: Caution should be used when utilizing the EVS and PAVS questionnaires in ethnically diverse adults.
An Exploration of the Use of Twitter as a Professional Development Platform for In-Service Secondary School Physical Educators
Authors: Haslam Olivia , Casey Ashley 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To explore secondary school physical educators’ use of Twitter (now X) for professional development, examining engagement patterns and evolution over time through the lens of sense of community theory. Method: Sixty-one secondary school physical educators completed a questionnaire shared on Twitter (now X). Ten teachers also completed individual semistructured interviews. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were constructed: (a) physical educator Twitter engagement and its impact, (b) evolution of educators Twitter use over time, and (c) opportunities and advice for physical educators. Discussion/Conclusion: This study explored how physical educators use Twitter (X) for professional development and highlighted its impact on teaching practices, networking, and professional opportunities while noting concerns about the pressure of being perfect and the control exerted by X’s algorithms. Future research should assess the consistency of these findings and explore Twitter’s rebranding to X and its implications for users’ community sense and engagement.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia with soft tissue mass formed by mature granulocytes
Authors: Koto Soichi , Kanda Yoshinobu , Ohnou Nobuhito , Morita Yoshinori 
Published: June 2024

Extramedullary lesions in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) suggest progression to the blast phase because such lesions generally consist of immature granulocytes. We here report a case of an extramedullary mass formed by mature granulocytes during the chronic phase of CML. A 60-year-old woman who had discontinued treatment for CML with dasatinib of her own accord several years ago presented to our hospital with a complaint of right thigh pain. She had a mass on her right leg, which was located on her right thigh and was elastic, soft and fist-sized. Blood tests and the bone marrow findings were compatible with the chronic phase of CML, and a CT-guided needle biopsy showed an infiltrate containing numerous mature neutrophils and foam cells. The mass disappeared with dasatinib alone, without antibacterial agents or drainage.Although the detailed pathogenesis of mass formation with mature granulocytes in the chronic phase of CML has not been elucidated, the clinical course of the current case highlights the importance of prompt biopsy, pathological examination and the early initiation of appropriate treatment.
Review of psychological effects of dog bites in children
Authors: Westgarth Carri , Provazza Serena , Nicholas Jade , Gray Victoria 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundDog bites are a concerning health problem in children and one of the leading causes of non-fatal injuries in this population. Dog attacks not only cause physical injuries but can also lead to long-term psychological problems. A review was performed to investigate the scope of literature on the psychological effects of dog bites on a paediatric population.MethodsA literature search was performed on Web of Knowledge database between 1982 to June 2023, returning 249 results. 14 primary studies reporting the psychological consequences of dog bites in children or adolescents were classed as eligible and 9 further studies were added from prior knowledge and bibliographical searches. 23 studies involving 1894 participants met the criteria and were included in this review.ResultsOf these 23 studies, 8 were case studies or small case series reports (up to n=4), 14 larger descriptive studies and 1 analytical cross-sectional study. There was a mixture of retrospective and prospective data-gathering. The most common psychological consequences of dog bites in children were post-traumatic stress disorder, dog phobia, nightmares and symptoms of anxiety and avoidance behaviours.ConclusionsStudies on dog bites in a paediatric population with a specific focus on the psychological consequences associated with dog bites and their management are sparse. Future research and practice should more greatly consider the psychological impact on child victims of dog bites and their family members, as well as their management to avoid the development of mental health issues and improve their quality of life. Future research also needs to ascertain the efficacy of using virtual reality in treating children with dog phobia.
Determinants of neural tube defect among newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units of teaching hospitals in Gedeo Zone and Sidama Region, Southern Ethiopia: a case–control study
Authors: Zemeskel Addisu Getnet , Figa Zerihun , Gido Rediet , Tesfa Getanew Aschalew , Gebeyehu Kasse , Destaw Belete , Abebe Mesfin , Girma Bekahegn , Bimer Kirubel Biweta , Mekonnen Daniel Kebede 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundNeural tube defects are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality that can occur in the early pregnancy periods. Though the burden is high, it gains only limited attention. In Ethiopia, the estimated number of neural tube defect cases was significantly higher. So, identifying factors contributing to it would be significant for planning risk reduction and preventive strategies. Therefore, identifying the possible determinants was aimed at this study.MethodsA hospital-based, unmatched case–control study was conducted on 104 cases and 208 controls selected from neonatal intensive care units of teaching hospitals in Gedeo Zone and Sidama Region, southern Ethiopia from December 2021 to November 2022. All neural tube defect cases were included consecutively and controls were selected by using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using interviewer-administered semistructured questionnaires. Data analysis was done by using SPSS V.25. Binary logistic regression was used, and variables with a p value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. An adjusted OR with a 95% CI was estimated, and finally, variables that show a level of p value less than 0.05 in multivariable analysis were declared statistically significant.ResultAfter controlling confounders, factors such as unplanned pregnancy 2.20 (95% CI 1.20 to 4.041), history of abortions 2.09 (95% CI 1.19 to 3.67), khat chewing 6.67 (95% CI 2.95 to 15.06), antipyretic and analgesic medications 2.87 (95% CI 1.47 to 5.56) and, being a female neonate 2.11 (95% CI 1.21 to 3.67) were significantly associated with a neural tube defect.ConclusionThis study has identified some determinants of neural tube defects. Hence, the behavioural, medical and obstetrical conditions of mothers need serious evaluation in the prepregnancy period. So, improving preconception counselling and prenatal care practices would have a significant role in reducing the risk of neural tube defects.
Blinatumomab as postremission therapy replaces consolidation and substantial parts of maintenance chemotherapy and results in stable MRD negativity in children with newly diagnosed B-lineage ALL
Authors: Mikhailova Ekaterina , Popov Alexander , Roumiantseva Julia , Budanov Oleg , Lagoyko Svetlana , Zharikova Liudmila , Miakova Natalia , Litvinov Dmitry , Khachatryan Lili , Pshonkin Alexey , Ponomareva Natalia , Boichenko Elmira , Varfolomeeva Svetlana , Dinikina Julia , Novichkova Galina , Henze Guenter , Karachunskiy Alexander 
Published: June 2024

The bispecific T cell-binding antibody blinatumomab (CD19/CD3) is widely and successfully used for the treatment of children with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Here, we report the efficacy of a single course of blinatumomab instead of consolidation chemotherapy to eliminate minimal residual disease (MRD) and maintain stable MRD-negativity in children with primary BCP-ALL.Between February 2020 and November 2022, 177 children with non-high-risk BCP-ALL were enrolled in the ALL-MB 2019 pilot study (NCT04723342). Patients received the usual risk-adapted induction therapy according to the ALL-MB 2015 protocol. Those who achieved a complete remission at the end of induction (EOI) received treatment with blinatumomab immediately after induction at a dose of 5 μg/m2/day for 7 days and 21 days at a dose of 15 μg/m2/day, followed by 12 months of maintenance therapy. MRD was measured using multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) at the EOI, then immediately after blinatumomab treatment, and then four times during maintenance therapy at 3-month intervals.All 177 patients successfully completed induction therapy and achieved a complete hematological remission. In 174 of these, MFC-MRD was measured at the EOI. 143 patients (82.2%) were MFC-MRD negative and the remaining 31 patients had varying degrees of MFC-MRD positivity.MFC-MRD was assessed in all 176 patients who completed the blinatumomab course. With one exception, all patients achieved MFC-MRD negativity after blinatumomab, regardless of the MFC-MRD score at EOI. One adolescent girl with high MFC-MRD positivity at EOI remained MFC-MRD positive. Of 175 patients who had completed 6 months of maintenance therapy, MFC-MRD data were available for 156 children. Of these, 155 (99.4%) were MFC-MRD negative. Only one boy with t(12;21) (p13;q22)/ETV6::RUNX1became MFC-MRD positive again. The remaining 174 children had completed the entire therapy. MFC-MRD was examined in 154 of them, and 153 were MFC-MRD negative. A girl with hypodiploid BCP-ALL showed a reappearance of MFC-MRD with subsequent relapse.In summary, a single 28-day course of blinatumomab immediately after induction, followed by 12 months of maintenance therapy, is highly effective in achieving MRD-negativity in children with newly diagnosed non-high risk BCP-ALL and maintaining MRD-negative remission at least during the treatment period.
Development of hazard-specific truck crash modification factors for cold-region rural highways
Authors: Yasanthi Rillagoda G.N. , Mehran Babak , Patnala Phani Kumar , Regehr Jonathan D. , Regoui Chaouki 
Published: June 2024

This study attempts to develop (i) truck safety performance functions (SPFs), and (ii) hazard-specific crash modification factors (CMFs), for cold-region rural highways. Police-reported truck-involved crashes on rural highway segments of Alberta, Canada, were used to develop truck SPFs for four crash severity levels: total, fatal, personal injury (PI), and property damage only. Three settings of the Poisson–Tweedie regression modeling approach representing Poisson, geometric Poisson, negative binomial distributions were used to develop truck SPFs; the negative binomial distribution was deemed as the most appropriate distribution to model truck-involved crashes for all crash severity levels. The CMF for poor visibility (CMF = 1.5) suggests that poor visibility increases PI-type truck-involved crashes on rural two-lane two-way highway segments by 50% as compared to the number of such crashes attributed to crash causes other than transportation hazards. Road safety researchers may adopt the methodology to effectively rank hazard risks to highway freight transportation systems.
A Histopathologic Correlation Study Evaluating Glymphatic Function in Brain Tumors by Multiparametric MRI
Authors: Gao Min , Liu Zhengliang , Zang Hongjing , Wu Xiong , Yan Yizhong , Lin Hai , Yuan Jianmin , Liu Tianming , Zhou Yu , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
This study aimed to elucidate the impact of brain tumors on cerebral edema and glymphatic drainage by leveraging advanced MRI techniques to explore the relationships among tumor characteristics, glymphatic function, and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression levels.

Experimental Design:
In a prospective cohort from March 2022 to April 2023, patients with glioblastoma, brain metastases, and aggressive meningiomas, alongside age- and sex-matched healthy controls, underwent 3.0T MRI, including diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index and multiparametric MRI for quantitative brain mapping. Tumor and peritumor tissues were analyzed for AQP4 expression levels via immunofluorescence. Correlations among MRI parameters, glymphatic function (DTI-ALPS index), and AQP4 expression levels were statistically assessed.

Results:
Among 84 patients (mean age: 55 ± 12 years; 38 males) and 59 controls (mean age: 54 ± 8 years; 23 males), patients with brain tumor exhibited significantly reduced glymphatic function (DTI-ALPS index: 2.315 vs. 2.879; P = 0.001) and increased cerebrospinal fluid volume (201.376 cm³ vs. 115.957 cm³; P = 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between tumor volume and the DTI-ALPS index (r: −0.715, P &lt; 0.001), whereas AQP4 expression levels correlated positively with peritumoral brain edema volume (r: 0.989, P &lt; 0.001) and negatively with proton density in peritumoral brain edema areas (ρ: −0.506, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions:
Our findings highlight the interplay among tumor-induced compression, glymphatic dysfunction, and altered fluid dynamics, demonstrating the utility of DTI-ALPS and multiparametric MRI in understanding the pathophysiology of tumor-related cerebral edema. These insights provide a radiological foundation for further neuro-oncological investigations into the glymphatic system.
See related commentary by Surov and Borggrefe, p. 4813
The Ethics of Automating Legal Actors
Authors: Valvoda Josef , Thompson Alec , Cotterell Ryan , Teufel Simone 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The introduction of large public legal datasets has brought about a renaissance in legal NLP. Many of these datasets are composed of legal judgments—the product of judges deciding cases. Since ML algorithms learn to model the data they are trained on, several legal NLP models are models of judges. While some have argued for the automation of judges, in this position piece, we argue that automating the role of the judge raises difficult ethical challenges, in particular for common law legal systems. Our argument follows from the social role of the judge in actively shaping the law, rather than merely applying it. Since current NLP models are too far away from having the facilities necessary for this task, they should not be used to automate judges. Furthermore, even in the case that the models could achieve human-level capabilities, there would still be remaining ethical concerns inherent in the automation of the legal process.