bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spirometry Use Among Pediatric Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Dombkowski Kevin J. , Hassan Fauziya , Wasilevich Elizabeth A. , Clark Sarah J. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE:
This study explores the use of spirometry in primary care settings.

METHODS:
A 4-page survey was mailed to a national, random sample of office-based family physicians and pediatricians. Survey items addressed knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding spirometry and standardized clinical vignettes. Data were analyzed by using χ2 tests and multivariate logistic regression.

RESULTS:
Among the 360 respondents who provided care to children with asthma, 52% used spirometry in clinical practice, whereas 80% used peak flow meters and 10% used no lung function tests. Only 21% routinely used spirometry for all guideline-recommended clinical situations. More family physicians than pediatricians reported using spirometry (75% vs 35%; P &lt; .0001), and family physicians were more comfortable in interpreting spirometric results (50% vs 25%; P &lt; .0001). Only one-half of respondents interpreted correctly the spirometric results in a standardized clinical vignette, and the frequency of underrating asthma severity increased with the inclusion of spirometric results. The most common barriers to the use of spirometry, that is, time and training, were cited more often by physicians who did not use spirometry. Two-thirds of respondents agreed that they would want additional training regarding implementing spirometry in their clinical practices.

CONCLUSIONS:
The use of spirometry in primary care settings for children with asthma does not conform to national guidelines. Widespread implementation of national asthma guidelines likely would require a major educational initiative to address deficiencies in spirometry interpretation and other barriers.
Novel Small Molecule Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Stimulates Insulin Secretion in Rodents and From Human Islets
Authors: Sloop Kyle W. , Willard Francis S. , Brenner Martin B. , Ficorilli James , Valasek Kathleen , Showalter Aaron D. , Farb Thomas B. , Cao Julia X.C. , Cox Amy L. , Michael M. Dodson , Gutierrez Sanfeliciano Sonia Maria , Tebbe Mark J. , Coghlan Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

OBJECTIVE
The clinical effectiveness of parenterally-administered glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) mimetics to improve glucose control in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes strongly supports discovery pursuits aimed at identifying and developing orally active, small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonists. The purpose of these studies was to identify and characterize novel nonpeptide agonists of the GLP-1 receptor.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Screening using cells expressing the GLP-1 receptor and insulin secretion assays with rodent and human islets were used to identify novel molecules. The intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and hyperglycemic clamp characterized the insulinotropic effects of compounds in vivo.

RESULTS
Novel low molecular weight pyrimidine-based compounds that activate the GLP-1 receptor and stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion are described. These molecules induce GLP-1 receptor-mediated cAMP signaling in HEK293 cells expressing the GLP-1 receptor and increase insulin secretion from rodent islets in a dose-dependent manner. The compounds activate GLP-1 receptor signaling, both alone or in an additive fashion when combined with the endogenous GLP-1 peptide; however, these agonists do not compete with radiolabeled GLP-1 in receptor-binding assays. In vivo studies using the IVGTT and the hyperglycemic clamp in Sprague Dawley rats demonstrate increased insulin secretion in compound-treated animals. Further, perifusion assays with human islets isolated from a donor with type 2 diabetes show near-normalization of insulin secretion upon compound treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
These studies characterize the insulinotropic effects of an early-stage, small molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist and provide compelling evidence to support pharmaceutical optimization.
Le surmoi est‑il un super-rejeton ?
Authors: Bayle Gérard 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Les interventions restructurantes du cadre utilisent la force d’Éros. Elles contrecarrent et lient les effets de la pulsion de mort mise en œuvre lors des attaques du cadre ou dans les enlisements sadiques ou masochistes d’une cure analytique. L’exemple d’une telle intervention dans un psychodrame psychanalytique, à l’instar de celles exposées par ailleurs dans les articles de R. Asséo, J.?L. Baldacci et A. Rosenberg, donne voie à un processus analytique jusqu’alors inaccessible. À partir de ses effets, on peut formuler une hypothèse sur la constitution du surmoi archaïque. Tel un rejeton durable de l’inconscient, il serait constitué d’une mixtion de pulsion de mort et de fixations libidinales précoces. Cet ensemble étant modifié par les remaniements postœdipiens.
Le surmoi et l'impératif d'inscription
Authors: Chervet Bernard 
Published: September 2010

Résumé L’utilisation du terme de surmoi dans la littérature psychanalytique est porteuse de confusions liées à l’incertitude de son efficience. Un retour sur la généalogie de cette instance puis un détour par la règle fondamentale, en tant qu’elle représente le surmoi dans la cure, permettent d’approcher cette incertitude et de préciser les fonctions du surmoi. Le travail de séance met en valeur son rôle : soutenir la liaison de toute économie régressive à la conscience et l’inscrire en un destin psychique. C’est en promouvant la construction des voies régrédientes et progrédientes que l’impératif d’inscription s’oppose aux régressions transgressives, extinctives. Le surmoi se révèle être lui?même le lieu d’un conflit entre effectuation et élimination.
Modes de transfert, réflexivité et écart moi‑surmoi
Authors: Seulin Christian 
Published: September 2010

Résumé L’auteur évoque la question du surmoi archaïque dans la cure et de ses liens avec la métapsychologie de Fairbairn. Le début de séance présenté par J.?L. Baldacci, où domine le surmoi archaïque de sa patiente, conduit l’auteur à l’idée d’un transfert d’excitation transmise à l’analyste. L’intervention de l’analyste est vectrice de sa réflexivité liée à l’écart moi?surmoi, et elle est utilisée par la patiente comme un modèle processuel. La suite de la séance montre le passage d’un transfert d’excitation à un transfert de processus psychiques, puis à un transfert de représentations, objectal, mettant successivement en lumière trois modes de transfert.
L'interprétation et quoi d'autre ?
Authors: Wainrib Steven 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Deux modalités spécifiques du travail analytique peuvent être distinguées. Les interventions subjectalisantes ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives de liens, tout en ayant une valeur interprétative. Le processus interprétatif , proprement dit, génère chez l’analysant l’émergence d’une position méta, venant accueillir le développement de la réflexivité qui résulte de l’analyse du transfert. Chaque analyse doit trouver son propre dosage entre ces deux modes d’intervention, susceptibles de s’associer pour faire advenir une nouvelle dynamique des processus de subjectivation, restés en souffrance, piégés dans l’automatisme de répétition.
Interpreting Images of Motherhood: The Contexts and Dynamics of Collective Viewing
Authors: Lomax Helen , Fink Janet 
Published: September 2010

Our research is concerned with cultural representations of birth and mothering and, as part of this, we are engaged with debates concerning competing theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of visual images. In particular we are interested in how meanings of an image are reflexively produced, managed and negotiated. That is, whether and to what extent interpretation is influenced by personal experience, emotion and memory; the ways in which the context of viewing may mediate meaning; and how the relationship between researcher and research subject may shape the interpretative process. In order to explore such questions, this paper draws on the tape-recorded discussion of a group of women collectively viewing images of new mothers. These included photographs of mothers and their newborns taken by the Dutch photographer Rineke Dijkstra, and photographs of us, the authors, as new mothers, taken by our respective families. The paper blends the analytic framework of conversation analysis and discursive psychology in order to consider both our own and the discussants’ responses to these photographs as they emerge through the dynamic and discursive process of collective viewing. In addition we consider the significance of our own and the discussants’ biographies and reproductive experiences, as they are made visible in the talk-in-interaction, for the meanings generated by the group's engagement with the photographs. Through this reflexive approach we highlight the significance of the interplay between broader cultural narratives, genres, memories and experiences for the interpretive process and the analytical challenges posed by collective viewings of images in which meanings are discursively situated, negotiated and silenced.
Battles over Biofuels in Europe: NGOs and the Politics of Markets
Authors: Pilgrim Sarah , Harvey Mark 
Published: September 2010

In this paper, we argue that a consortium of NGOs has played a significant role in shaping the market for, and restricting the use of, biofuels as an alternative to conventional fuels for road transport in Europe. This paper considers why a number of NGOs (Greenpeace, Oxfam, WWF, RSPB, Friends of the Earth) have chosen to enter the biofuels debate, and how they have variously developed policy, agreed a political campaign, and exercised political influence, in a key area of the world's response to major global climate change: how to reduce the carbon footprint of transport. We found that in many cases the development of NGO policy has been driven more by narrow political opportunities for influence than by broader and more coherent policy responses to global climate change or economic development, or indeed rigorous assessment of the scientific evidence. The research provides evidence of how NGO policies and lobbying significantly affected biofuel policy changes, review processes, target reductions, and sustainability regulation in the UK and in Europe. We consider that politically instituted markets, such as the one for biofuels, are examples of the emergence of new forms of governance of capitalist political economies facing a novel and pressing combination of drivers (climate change, energy security, resource constraints, and sustainable land-use). Politically instituted markets open up possibilities for political intervention from non-governmental or party-political actors, in ways that other markets do not. If political shaping of markets by NGOs becomes more widespread, issues of democratic legitimacy and public scrutiny will become ever more pressing. The paper is based on in-depth interviews with senior scientific directors and policy-makers in five NGOs, and of senior officials in UK government departments and the European Commission (DG Environment and DG Transport and Energy). It forms part of a wider ESRC research project in Brazil, the USA and Europe on the Transition to Sustainable Bioeconomies.
Studies on Hepatitis C Virus Resistance to Inhibitors in Replicon Systems
Authors: Zhao Yongsen , Huang Mingjun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractViruses evolve under selection pressure from a particular antiviral agent, resulting in the emergence of organisms that are not susceptible to the drug. This process is referred to as “virus resistance induction.” While conventional in vitro resistance studies are conducted using infectious viruses, the lack of a robust hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection system in cell culture makes such an approach impossible in this case. Instead, cell lines harboring a self‐replicating HCV RNA (or HCV replicon) are used for this purpose. The protocols detailed in this unit describe methods for studying HCV resistance to inhibitors, including the selection of replicon variants resistant to HCV inhibitors, characterization of these variants for their phenotypes and genotypes, and determination of the role of the mutation(s) identified in their genomes. The results from such studies are not only important for lead identification and confirmation of drug targets, but also aid in monitoring the appearance of resistant variants in clinical settings. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 50:13B.2.1‐13B.2.20. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Platinum‐Like Catalytic Behavior of Au+
Authors: Oyama S. Ted , Gaudet Jason , Zhang Wei , Su Dang Sheng , Bando Kyoko K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe catalytic properties of gold catalysts leached with sodium cyanide solutions were investigated for the propylene epoxidation reaction with H2/O2 mixtures. Unexpectedly, the selectivity of the Au/TS‐1 catalysts changed from propylene oxide to propane as a result of the cyanide treatment. Measurements by in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at in situ reaction conditions demonstrated that the active catalyst before leaching consisted of gold in the zero‐valent state, while after the cyanide treatment had gold in the Au+ state. Examination of the catalysts by high resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of precipitates of a material with lattice spacings corresponding to Na[Au(CN)2]. It is found that leaching with cyanide does not result in positively‐charged gold ions substituting in cation vacancies, as previously thought, but instead produces a gold(I) cyanide precipitate with catalytic hydrogenation properties typical of platinum. These results explain previously reported findings on highly dispersed gold nanoparticles, in which the peripheral atoms are positively charged.
Electronic Tuning of a Carbene Center via Remote Chemical Induction, and Relevant Effects in Catalysis
Authors: César Vincent , Lugan Noël , Lavigne Guy 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe present report develops the idea that an N‐heterocyclic carbene incorporating a remote anionic functionality—here, a malonate group—as a backbone component of its heterocyclic framework, can be “post‐functionalized” directly from its transition‐metal complexes, upon simple addition of a variety of electrophiles interacting directly with the malonate group in the outer coordination sphere. From a palette of selected electrophilic reagents, it was thus possible to modulate the electronic donor properties of the carbene center over a rather broad range. Both the zwitterionic complex [Rh{malo‐NHC}(cod)] and the cationic derivatives [Rh{malo‐NHCE}(cod)]+ (where “malo‐NHCE” represents the ligand modified by a selected electrophile “E”) were used as pre‐catalysts in two types of catalytic reactions, namely, the polymerization of phenylacetylene and the hydroboration of styrene. The results indicate that, in both cases, the zwitterionic species is by far the best catalyst, whereas a decrease in the ligand donicity induced by the added electrophile results in a concomitant reduction of catalytic activity. Apparent deviations to such a trend in the case of the hydroboration of styrene were rationalized in terms of an interaction between the reactive catecholborane substrate and the remote functionality of the N‐heterocyclic carbene leading to an in situ modification of the nature of the active species. These observations serve as a useful basis to define the scope and limitations of the present conceptual approach in catalysis.
Getting Ring‐Closing Metathesis off the Bench: Reaction‐Reactor Matching Transforms Metathesis Efficiency in the Assembly of Large Rings
Authors: Monfette Sebastien , Eyholzer Markus , Roberge Dominique M. , Fogg Deryn E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReported is the first study of the influence of reactor configuration on the efficiency of a challenging ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) reaction. With the intention of increasing the generality of RCM scaleup and reducing its dependence on substrate modification, macrocyclization of an unmodified, low effective‐molarity diene was explored using different reactor types, in conjunction with a commercial, homogeneous Grubbs catalyst. Optimized performance is compared for a conventional batch reactor (BR), a continuous plug‐flow reactor (PFR), and a continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR). In the PFR, maximum conversion is achieved most rapidly, but product yields and selectivity are adversely affected by co‐entrapment of ethylene with the catalyst, substrate, and product in the traveling “plug”. Use of the CSTR, in which ethylene is efficiently swept out, affords an order‐of‐magnitude increase in total turnover numbers, and reduces the required catalyst loadings by 25× relative to the BR (to 0.2 mol %), while improving RCM yields and selectivity to quantitative levels. Continuous‐flow methodologies that support liberation of the ethylene co‐product thus show great promise for industrial uptake of RCM.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chain and Oligomeric Condensed Cluster Phases for Gadolinium Iodides with Manganese Interstitials.
Authors: EBIHARA M. , MARTIN J. D. , CORBETT J. D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Ln14(GeO4)2(BO3)6O8 (Ln: Nd, Sm) and Tb3+ 54Tb4+( GeO4)12O59.
Authors: ILYUKHIN A. B. , DZHURINSKII B. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Diffusing Species of the High‐Temperature Selenidization of Molybdenum.
Authors: WAKATSUKI N. , SASAKI Y. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stability of Molybdenum Disilicide in Combustion Gas Enviroments.
Authors: LIN W. , HSU J.‐Y. , SPEYER R. F. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and State of Cr(III)‐Complexes with Lacunary Heteropoly Anions (PW11O39)7‐ and (P2W20O70)10‐ in Concentrated Solutions.
Authors: KRAVCHENKO R. L. , FEDOTOV M. A. , MAKSIMOVSKAYA R. I. , KUZNETSOVA L. I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Structure and Conformational Composition of 1,4‐ Dichlorobutane and 1,4‐Dibromobutane. A Gas‐Phase Electron Diffraction and ab initio Investigation.
Authors: AARSET K. , HAGEN K. , STOELEVIK R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Anodic Oxidation of Aryl Propargyl and Aryl Allyl Ethers at a Platinum Electrode.
Authors: DHANALEKSHMI S. , BALASUBRAMANIAN K. K. , VENKATACHALAM C. S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiol Peroxidase Activity of Diorganyl Tellurides.
Authors: ENGMAN L. , STERN D. , PELCMAN M. , ANDERSSON C. M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Configurational Stability of Chiral Lithio α‐Amino Carbanions. The Effect of Li‐O vs. Li‐N Complexation.
Authors: ELWORTHY T. R. , MEYERS A. I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Oligomerization of Propene over Heteropoly Acids.
Authors: VAUGHAN J. S. , O'CONNOR C. T. , FLETCHER J. C. Q. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Amino‐substituted 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles (II) and 1,3,4‐ Thiadiazoles (III) Containing a Sterically Hindered Phenyl Rest.
Authors: KOSHELEV YU. N. , KELAREV V. I. , KUATBEKOV A. M. , POLIVIN YU. N. , SHALKAROV S. I. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (1,2)‐Wittig Rearrangement of Enantio‐Defined α‐ Alkoxyalkyllithiums: Structural Requirement and Steric Course at the Li‐Bearing Terminus.
Authors: TOMOOKA K. , IGARASHI T. , NAKAI T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Exchange Reaction of Sulfoxides in Organic Synthesis: A Novel Method for Generation of Magnesium Enolates and Its Application to Synthesis of α‐Halocarboxylic Acid Derivatives and α‐ Haloaldehydes.
Authors: SATOH T. , KITOH Y. , ONDA K. , TAKANO K. , YAMAKAWA K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.