bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of methacrylate copolymers and their effects as pour point depressants for lubricant oil
Authors: Jung Kang‐Min , Chun Byung‐Hee , Park Sun Hee , Lee Chang Hun , Kim Sung Hyun 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this study, polymethacrylate polymers were synthesized by free‐radical polymerization for use as pour point depressants in lubricant oil, and their low‐temperature properties were investigated. Four methacrylate monomers were synthesized by the esterification of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with four kinds of fatty alcohols. The purification step was performed to prepare the pure monomers. Two polymerization experiments were carried out with four kinds of methacrylate monomers obtained previously and MMA. Copolymers, which were made from one kind of monomer and MMA, and terpolymers, which were made from two kinds of monomers and MMA, were prepared. The molecular structures of the synthesized methacrylate monomers and polymethacrylate polymers were verified by 1H‐NMR, and the molecular weight data were obtained by gel permeation chromatography. The pour points of the base oils containing 0.1 wt % polymethacrylate polymers were measured according to ASTM D 97‐93. The pour points of most base oils containing each polymer decreased compared to that of the pure base oil. Particularly, poly(dodecyl methacrylate‐co‐hexadecyl methacrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate), made of dodecyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylate, and MMA at a molar ratio of 3.5 : 3.5 : 3, showed the best low‐temperature properties. This terpolymer dropped the pour point of the base oil by as much as 23°C, and its yield was 93.5%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effect of surface treatments on the thermal behavior and tensile strength of piassava (Attalea funifera) fibers
Authors: d'Almeida A. L. F. S. , d'Almeida J. R. M. , Barreto D. W. , Calado V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPiassava (Attalea funifera) fibers subjected to several surface chemical treatments and as‐received raw fibers were compared with respect to their thermal and tensile behaviors. The thermal degradation of the raw fibers was characterized by three main stages that corresponded to water release at low temperatures, decomposition of hemicellulose, and decomposition of α cellulose. Mercerization acted mainly on hemicellulose removal, and there was no change in the hydrophilic behavior of the fibers. The removal of hemicellulose split the fibers into microfibrils and favored the thermal decomposition of α cellulose. The same behavior was observed when the fibers were subjected to mercerization and acetylation. The fibers subjected to only acetylation showed thermal behavior similar to that of the raw fibers. With the acetylation treatment, a minor decrease in the hydrophilic character of the fibers was noted. Despite some differences in the thermal behavior, the tensile strengths of the raw and treated fibers were statistically equal. Complementary Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy analysis corroborated the thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermogravimetry results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
UV exposure effects on photoinitiator‐grafted styrene‐butadiene‐styrene triblock copolymer
Authors: Wu Guoliang , Chen Zhongming , Zeng Songjun , Yu Puren , Xie Yanyan , Xiong Yuanqin , Xu Weijian 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe grafted copolymer (SBS‐g‐MBP) with different grafting ratio, synthesized by our laboratory, was irradiated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation with different time. The structure of SBS‐g‐MBP before and after UV exposure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and the results confirmed that the UV‐crosslinked structure was formed. The gel fraction before and after UV exposure was discussed, and the results indicated that the gel fraction increased with both exposure time and grafting ratio, and it also indicated the gel fraction was affected mainly by the exposure time. Furthermore, the results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the mode of fracture surfaces transmitted gradually from tough fracture to brittle fracture. The differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analyzer indicated that the crosslinking has taken place in the polybutadiene block, and the thermal property was improved after UV exposure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Electrosprayed porous microspheres for the removal of endocrine disruptors
Authors: Zhang Quanchao , Zhang Yijia , Wei Qiang , Wang Xiaojun , Liu Jing , Yang Jie , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPolyethersulfone (PES) porous microspheres were prepared via electrospraying technique, and then were used for the removal of endocrine disrupters from aqueous solutions. The surface and the internal structures of electrosprayed microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the results showed that they were porous. The electrosprayed porous PES microspheres can remove biphenyl A and biphenyl effectively. At the same time, they showed larger adsorption capacity and fast kinetics of uptaking target species than PES injected spheres reported in the earlier publications. The hydrophilicity and porosity of electrosprayed microspheres can be controlled by changing the amount of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG), which influences the adsorption properties of the microspheres. The results showed that electrosprayed porous PES microspheres have the potential to be used in the environmental application. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and thermal characterization of phenolic resin/silica nanocomposites prepared with high shear rate‐mixing technique
Authors: Natali Maurizio , Monti Marco , Kenny Josè , Torre Luigi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this research the possibility to produce nanosilica/phenolic nanocomposites by means of a simple low labor cost mechanical approach was investigated. A commercial compatibilized nanosilica was selected as a filler and a resol diluted in methanol as a matrix. The morphology of the produced nanocomposites were studied by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), whereas thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to study the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The post burning morphology of samples was also investigated. A rheological characterization was also carried out. The results of such study showed that it was possible to obtain a good degree of dispersion and distribution of the nanosilica particles, indicating that the proposed process could be successfully adopted as an alternative approach to sol‐gel techniques. Thermogravimetric analyses showed that all the produced nanocomposites exhibited a better thermal stability than the pristine matrix. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Foramen Magnum Ontogeny inHomo sapiens: A Functional Matrix Perspective
Authors: Richards Gary D. , Jabbour Rebecca S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractHistorically, the foramen magnum (FM) has been an integral component of studies on skull ontogeny and evolutionary transformations of cranial form. Although this foramen has been considered a single entity, we hypothesize that it comprises two functional matrices, a ventral matrix and a dorsal matrix. In general, the ventral matrix is related to locomotor functions, whereas the dorsal matrix is related to neurological functions and fluid flow dynamics. To test our hypothesis, we used a large ontogenetic sample of modern human crania (seventh fetal month to adult) to (1) delineate bony size and shape ontogeny for both the foramen and its dorsal and ventral units; (2) delineate the role of synchondroses in the observed growth patterns and rates; and (3) explore the relationship between FM and cranial size, shape, and growth. Detailed growth patterns and rates are established for the bony FM and its ventral and dorsal skeletal units. These data are supplemented by literature and observational data on embryonic and fetal FM ontogeny, soft tissue relationships, anomalous/pathological extremes of size, and craniocervical anatomy and locomotor functions. The hypothesis that the FM is composed of a ventral and a dorsal functional matrix is supported by observed ontogenetic differences between ventral and dorsal skeletal units, as well as by the soft tissue anatomy of these matrices. Further documentation of these matrices has the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of the ontogenetic and evolutionary transformations of skull base morphology. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Occurrence and Morphology of a Lateral Metatarsal Splint Bone in Moose (Alces alces)
Authors: Silvia William J. , Peterson Rolf O. , Silvia William F. , Vucetich John A. , Silvia Alexander W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMoose (Alces alces) appear to be different from most other cervids in that a well‐developed metatarsal splint bone is present. It is found apposed to the plantolateral portion of the cannon bone in over 70 % of adults. It averages 3.3 mm in width and extends about 22% of the total length of the metatarsal. It may be derived through calcification of connective tissue or by elongation of the vestigial metatarsal V. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthetic Studies of the Zoanthamine Alkaloids: Total Synthesis of Zoanthenol Based on an Isoaromatization Strategy
Authors: Yoshimura Fumihiko , Takahashi Yu , Tanino Keiji , Miyashita Masaaki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe total synthesis of zoanthenol, a unique aromatic member of the zoanthamine alkaloids, which has exhibited potent anti‐platelet activities on human platelet aggregation, is described in full detail. The key step involves a Brønsted acid‐promoted isoaromatization in the AB ring system to install the crucial aromatic ring. We have not only succeeded in the first total synthesis of zoanthenol, but also established an alternative efficient synthetic route from the commercially available norzoanthamine hydrochloride to zoanthenol.
Robust attitude and vibration control of a nonlinear flexible spacecraft
Authors: Malekzadeh Maryam , Naghash Abolghasem , Talebi H. A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of attitude control of a three dimension nonlinear flexible spacecraft is investigated. Two nonlinear controllers are presented. The first controller is based on dynamic inversion, while the second approach is composed of dynamic inversion and µ‐synthesis schemes. It is assumed that only three torques in three directions on the hub are used. Actuator saturation is also considered in the design of controllers. To evaluate the performance of the proposed controllers, an extensive number of simulations on a nonlinear model of the spacecraft are performed. The performances of the proposed controllers are compared in terms of nominal performance, robustness to uncertainties, vibration suppression of panel, sensitivity to measurement noise, environmental disturbance and nonlinearity in large maneuvers. Simulation results confirm the ability of the proposed controller in tracking the attitude trajectory while suppressing the panel vibration. It is also verified that the perturbations, environment disturbances and measurement errors have only slight effects on the tracking and suppression performances.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Screening of cellulases for biofuel production: Online monitoring of the enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose using high‐throughput scattered light detection
Authors: Jäger Gernot , Wulfhorst Helene , Zeithammel Erik U. , Elinidou Efthimia , Spiess Antje C. , Büchs Jochen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA new prospective cellulase assay simultaneously combining high‐throughput, online analysis and insoluble cellulosic substrates is described. The hydrolysis of three different insoluble cellulosic substrates, catalysed by a commercial cellulase preparation from Trichoderma reesei (Celluclast), was monitored using the BioLector – allowing online monitoring of scattered light intensities in a continuously shaken microtiter plate. Cellulase activities could be quantitatively assayed using the BioLector. At low cellulase/cellulose ratios, the Michaelis‐Menten parameters of the cellulase mixture were mainly affected by the crystallinity index of the cellulose. Here, the apparent maximum cellulase activities inversely correlated with the crystallinity index of the cellulose. At high cellulase/cellulose ratios the particle size of the cellulose, defining the external surface area accessible to the cellulases, was the key determining factor for cellulase activity. The developed technique was also successfully applied to evaluate the pH optimum of cellulases. Moreover, the non‐hydrolytic deagglomeration of cellulose particles was investigated, for the first time, using high‐throughput scattered light detection. In conclusion, this cellulase assay ideally links high‐throughput, online analysis and realistic insoluble cellulosic substrates in one simple system. It will considerably simplify and accelerate fundamental research on cellulase screening.
A structurally driven analysis of thiol reactivity in mammalian albumins
Authors: Spiga Ottavia , Summa Domenico , Cirri Simone , Bernini Andrea , Venditti Vincenzo , De Chiara Matteo , Priora Raffaella , Frosali Simona , Margaritis Antonios , Di Giuseppe Danila , Di Simplicio Paolo , Niccolai Neri 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUnderstanding the structural basis of protein redox activity is still an open question. Hence, by using a structural genomics approach, different albumins have been chosen to correlate protein structural features with the corresponding reaction rates of thiol exchange between albumin and disulfide DTNB. Predicted structures of rat, porcine, and bovine albumins have been compared with the experimentally derived human albumin. High structural similarity among these four albumins can be observed, in spite of their markedly different reactivity with DTNB. Sequence alignments offered preliminary hints on the contributions of sequence‐specific local environments modulating albumin reactivity. Molecular dynamics simulations performed on experimental and predicted albumin structures reveal that thiolation rates are influenced by hydrogen bonding pattern and stability of the acceptor C34 sulphur atom with donor groups of nearby residues. Atom depth evolution of albumin C34 thiol groups has been monitored during Molecular Dynamic trajectories. The most reactive albumins appeared also the ones presenting the C34 sulphur atom on the protein surface with the highest accessibility. High C34 sulphur atom reactivity in rat and porcine albumins seems to be determined by the presence of additional positively charged amino acid residues favoring both the C34 S− form and the approach of DTNB. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95:278–285, 2011.
Multicentre evaluation of intraoperative molecular analysis of sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma
Authors:   OSNA Study Group, Snook K L , Layer G T , Jackson P A , de Vries C S , Shousha S , Sinnett H D , Nigar E , Singhal H , Chia Y , Cunnick G , Kissin M W 
Published: December 2010

Abstract

Background
Ideally, intraoperative sentinel lymph node (SLN) analysis in breast cancer should be automated, have high concordance with extensive histopathology, and be applicable in any hospital setting. A prospective multicentre evaluation of the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) automated molecular diagnostic system of SLN analysis was undertaken.

Methods
Intraoperative examination of SLNs from 204 patients with breast cancer was performed by OSNA at four sites in the UK. Half of each SLN was assessed by OSNA (for cytokeratin 19 mRNA) and the remaining half was paraffin embedded for intensive histological examination at ten levels. Discordant cases were reanalysed by further molecular biological techniques and by additional histological examination of all remaining nodal material to ascertain whether the discordance was due to an uneven distribution of metastases, known as tissue allocation bias (TAB).

Results
After exclusion of samples affected by TAB, the overall concordance rate for OSNA versus histopathology was 96·0 per cent, with a sensitivity of 91·7 per cent and a specificity of 96·9 per cent. The median time to process a single SLN was 32 (range 22–97) min, and that for two nodes 42 (30–73) min.

Conclusion
OSNA enables accurate automated intraoperative diagnosis and can be used successfully in different UK hospitals. When the SLN is shown to be positive, the patient can undergo immediate axillary clearance under the same anaesthetic rather than having a delayed second procedure.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopic Nissen (posterior total) versus Toupet (posterior partial) fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1318–1330)
Authors: Botden S M B I , Bouvy N D 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of RbBaTaS4 and K2BaTa2S11.
Authors: Wu Yuandong , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSingle crystals of RbBaTaS4 (I) and K2BaTa2S11 (II) are prepared from mixtures of M2S3 (M: Rb, K), BaS, Ta, and S in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:4 for (I) and 1:0.75:1:4 for (II) (500 °C, 6 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Latent Porosity in Potassium Dodecafluoro‐closo‐dodecaborate(2‐). Structures and Rapid Room Temperature Interconversions of Crystalline K2B12F12, K2(H2O)2B12F12, and K2(H2O)4B12F12 in the Presence of Water Vapor.
Authors: Peryshkov Dmitry V. , Popov Alexey A. , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRecrystallization of K2B12F12 (I) in water yields two different hydrates, K2(H2O)2B12F12 (II) and K2(H2O)4B12F12 (III), whose structures are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Low Temperature Mass Production of Superconducting MgB2 Nanofibers from Mg(BH4)2 Decomposition and Recombination.
Authors: Yang Junzhi , Zheng Jie , Zhang Xuanzhou , Li Yaoqi , Yang Rong , Feng Qingrong , Li Xingguo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSuperconducting MgB2 nanofibers are prepared in high yield by vacuum pyrolysis of Mg(BH4)2 (obtained by milling of NaBH4 and MgCl2 for 10 h under 5 bar H2, 90% yield) in a steel reactor at 460 °C for 1 h (95% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of New Europium Melilites Eu2MSi2O7 (M: Mg, Mn) and Their Strontium Analogues.
Authors: Endo Takashi , Doi Yoshihiro , Wakeshima Makoto , Hinatsu Yukio 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding metal oxides, SiO2 and Si (pressed pellets in Mo foil, evacuated silica tube, 1100 °C, 36—48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crucial Role of the Reaction Conditions in Isolating Several Metastable Phases in a Gd—Ce—Zr—O System.
Authors: Mandal B. P. , Shukla R. , Achary S. N. , Tyagi A. K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMetastable Gd2‐yCeyZr2O7+δ (0.0 ≤ y ≤ 2.0) samples are prepared by the gel combustion method from mixtures of appropriate amounts of metal nitrates, water, and glycine as a fuel.
ChemInform Abstract: New Lithium Iron Pyrophosphate as 3.5 V Class Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Battery.
Authors: Nishimura Shin‐ichi , Nakamura Megumi , Natsui Ryuichi , Yamada Atsuo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe new compound Li2FeP2O7 is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3, FeC2O4, and (NH4)2HPO4 (Ar flow, 600 °C, 12 h) and characterized by powder XRD, FE‐SEM, and electrochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Xe3OF3+, a Precursor to a Noble‐Gas Nitrate; Syntheses and Structural Characterizations of FXeONO2, XeF2·HNO3, and XeF2·N2O4.
Authors: Moran Matthew D. , Brock David S. , Mercier Helene P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCompound (II) is characterized in SO2ClF and MeCN solutions by low‐temperature 14N, 19F, and 129Xe NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by low‐temperature Raman spectroscopy and single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: The Syntheses and Structure of the Vanadium(IV) and Vanadium(V) Binary Azides V(N3)4, [V(N3)6]2‐, and [V(N3)6]‐.
Authors: Haiges Ralf , Boatz Jerry A. , Christe Karl O. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCompounds (III) (yields given in gram) are characterized by single crystal XRD and vibrational spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Property Relationships in Lithium, Silver, and Cesium Uranyl Borates.
Authors: Wang Shuao , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Stritzinger Jared T. , Liu Guokui , Depmeier Wulf , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe synthesis of (VII) yields a mixture of prismatic crystals of α‐(VII), and tablet‐like β‐(VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction of Glycine Derivatives with N‐Tosylimines Using Copper(I)/TF‐BiphamPhos Complex.
Authors: Liang Gang , Tong Min‐Chao , Tao Haiyan , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractUnder optimized conditions, aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic α,β‐diamino acid esters are formed with high anti‐selectivity and up to 97% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Cascade Reaction for the Construction of Functionalized Benzobicyclo[4.3.0] Skeletons. Remote Control of Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Wang Qing‐Gang , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Ye Long‐Wu , Zhou Chang‐Yue , Sun Xiu‐Li , Tang Yong , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: December 2010

AbstractCyclopenta‐fused benzopyran and naphthalene derivatives are prepared using a spirobiindane‐based chiral phosphine as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Carbonyl‐Ene Reactions of Trifluoropyruvate in Ionic Liquid via a Recyclable Indium(III)‐Pybox Complex.
Authors: Zhao Jun Feng , Tan Boon Hong , Zhu Ming‐Kui , Tjan Teguh Budiono W. , Loh Teck Peng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMost of the reactions carried out in a mixture of ionic liquid and DCE proceed faster than those carried out in pure DCE with comparable or better yields and enantioselectivities of the resulting tertiary homoallylic alcohols in shorter reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: The [Cu]‐Catalyzed SNAR Reactions: Direct Amination of Electron Deficient Aryl Halides with Sodium Azide and the Synthesis of Arylthioethers under Cu(II)—Ascorbate Redox System.
Authors: Goriya Yogesh , Ramana C. V. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA one‐pot azidation—reduction of a variety of electron‐deficient aryl halides, e.g. (I), is smoothly achieved in the presence of Cu(II)—L‐proline—sodium ascorbate catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Route to Polysubstituted Naphthalenes and Benzofluorenols via Scandium Triflate‐ and Triflic Acid‐Catalyzed Benzannulation of 2‐(2‐Alkynylarylidene)‐1,3‐dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Liu Lu , Wei Lai , Zhang Junliang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe product selectivity can be tuned by subtle choice of the catalyst in the case of diketones (VIII), yielding either naphthalene or benzofluorene derivatives predominantly.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxyamination of Alkenes with Use of N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide as Oxidant.
Authors: Liskin Dmitry V. , Sibbald Paul A. , Rosewall Carolyn F. , Michael Forrest E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe Pd/ fluorobenzenesulfonimide‐mediated treatment of 5 aminopentenes with alcohols and AcOH allows a mild access to pyrrolidines like (III), (VI), and (IX).