bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Combinatorial Synthesis on Membrane Supports by the SPOT Technique: Imaging Peptide Sequence and Shape Space
Authors: FRANK R. , HOFFMANN S. , KIESS M. , LAHMANN H. , TEGGE W. , BEHN C. , GAUSEPOHL H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ion Exchange in Inorganic Sorbents.
Authors: YAROSLAVTSEV A. B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Eu2+ Luminescence in the Borates: M12M2(BO3)2 (M1: Ba, Sr; M2: Mg, Ca).
Authors: DIAZ A. , KESZLER D. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Stability and Electrical Conductivity in Gd2Ti2O7‐Gd2Mo2O7 Solid Solutions.
Authors: PORAT O. , HEREMANS C. , TULLER H. L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Oxidation: A Route to Enhanced Capacity in Li‐Ion Graphite Anodes.
Authors: EIN‐ELI Y. , KOCH V. R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Zn7Sb2O12 by Direct Oxidation of a Precursory Alloy ( DOPA).
Authors: ACHARD N. , COUNIOUX J.‐J. , MARCHAND A. , MARICHY G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxy‐Derived KTiOPO4 (KTP) Fibers.
Authors: NODA K. , SAKAMOTO W. , YOGO T. , HIRANO S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Urea Derivatives from CO2 and Amines Catalyzed by Polyethylene Glycol Supported Potassium Hydroxide Without Dehydrating Agents.
Authors: Kong De‐Lin , He Liang‐Nian , Wang Jin‐Quan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA simple catalyst is developed and efficiently used for the fixation of carbon dioxide as symmetrical urea derivatives.
Investigations on Flow Pattern and Pressure inside SEN below Stopper Rod
Authors: Javurek M. , Thumfart M. , Wincor R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn continuous casting of steel, the casting rate is often controlled by a stopper rod placed in the tundish outlet where the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) tube begins. The flow pattern inside the SEN plays an important role for the bubble formation at the argon injection nozzle at the stopper rod tip. High flow velocities are reached in the small gap between stopper rod and the surrounding SEN walls, and a flow separation has to be expected after the gap due to the fast expansion of the cross section. According to theoretical considerations and to the simulations, the absolute pressure in the gap becomes very low for liquid steel, which can cause cavitation‐like effects. PIV‐flow measurements in a 1:1 scaled water model of the caster show a highly oscillating and asymmetric flow pattern with rapidly changing separation regions. The low pressure effects expected in liquid steel cannot be investigated on the water‐model due to the lower density of water. In numerical simulations of the water‐model, the choice of the turbulence model and the usage or the non‐usage of geometrical symmetries for the bound of the computational domain have a great impact on the resulting flow pattern and the accuracy of the predicted pressure drop. The results of various turbulence models are compared with results from measurements on a water‐model. It turns out that only a 3D model using advanced turbulence models (SST k‐ω or Large Eddy) produce acceptable results, while 2D simulations completely fail and the standard turbulence models (e.g. k‐ε) significantly underestimate the pressure drop even in a 3D simulation.
Taking the appearances seriously: architectural experience and the phenomenological case for religious belief
Authors: WYNN MARK 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis paper explores some implications of the idea that religious thoughts can enter into the sensory appearances of things. I begin by clarifying this idea, using some examples drawn from Roger Scruton's discussion of the phenomenology of architectural experience. Then I consider the bearing of the idea on the case for religious belief in pragmatic and epistemic terms. More exactly, I explore how the idea of an internal relation between religious thought and the sensory appearances of things can be used (1) to state William James's case in ‘The will to believe’ with new nuance, and (2) to set out an epistemic case for religious belief whose central claims seem quite commonly to weigh with believers, but which has not been much discussed by philosophers.
Searching for Life Beyond Our Planet: Are We There Yet?
Authors: Schulze‐Makuch Dirk , Davila Alfonso F. 
Published: August 2010

It has been 35 years since NASA undertook a bold journey, to search for life on another planet, by sending the Viking landers (Figure 1) to the surface of Mars. The general consensus was that both landers failed to find conclusive evidence of extant Martian organisms. NASA started the journey with the best car on the market, with the transmission in high gear, but after hitting a big bump in the road, it decided to downshift and take a closer look at the map.Subsequent studies focused on characterizing the physical, chemical, and geological environment on Mars today and in the past, before any more bold attempts were made to directly search for life. This led to an unanticipated but necessary detour that has provided us with some of the best highlights of the journey so far. Examples are the discovery of widespread secondary minerals that formed in the presence of liquid water, the detection of ground ice in the high latitudes of both hemispheres, including the polar caps, and the direct analysis of ground ice by the Phoenix mission in 2008. These research efforts have also allowed us to vastly improve the tools we now have at our disposal. But let there be no mistake: This detour was a necessary course of action, because it was futile to search for life on Mars without understanding the Martian environment.
Adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance: all obese humans are not created equal
Authors: Gauthier Marie-Soleil , Ruderman Neil B. 
Published: August 2010

In recent years, it has become widely accepted that obesity is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue that predisposes affected individuals to insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and other disorders associated with the metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, a subset of obese individuals appears to be protected against insulin resistance and the disorders to which it predisposes. The comparison between such insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant obese individuals offers a unique opportunity to identify key factors that either contribute to or prevent the development of insulin resistance in humans, without the confounding effect of a major difference in fat mass. In the previous issue of the Biochemical Journal, Barbarroja et al. reported that insulin-sensitive obese individuals show less inflammation in their visceral adipose tissue than a group of insulin-resistant subjects matched for BMI (body mass index). This finding reinforces the concept that inflammation in adipose tissue may be a cause of insulin resistance in most obese individuals, although it does not prove it. Further studies will be required for this purpose, as well as to identify the pathogenetic factors that determine whether or not adipose tissue of an obese individual becomes inflamed.
Explaining Lexical–Semantic Deficits in Specific Language Impairment: The Role of Phonological Similarity, Phonological Working Memory, and Lexical Competition
Authors: Mainela-Arnold Elina , Evans Julia L. , Coady Jeffry A. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
In this study, the authors investigated potential explanations for sparse lexical–semantic representations in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing peers. The role of auditory perception, phonological working memory, and lexical competition were investigated.

Method
Participants included 32 children (ages 8;5–12;3 [years;months]): Sixteen children with SLI and 16 typically developing age- and nonverbal IQ–matched peers (CA). Children’s word definitions were investigated. The words to be defined were manipulated for phonological neighborhood density. Nonword repetition and two lexical competition measures were tested as predictors of word definition abilities.

Results
Children with SLI gave word definitions with fewer content details than children in the CA group. Compared with the CA group, the definitions of children in the SLI group were not disproportionately impacted by phonological neighborhood density. Lexical competition was a significant unique predictor of children’s word definitions, but nonword repetition was not.

Conclusions
Individual differences in richness of lexical semantic representations as well as differences between children with SLI and typically developing peers may—at least, in part—be explained by processes of competition. However, difficulty with auditory perception or phonological working memory does not fully explain difficulties in lexical semantics.
Object and Action Naming in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Sheng Li , McGregor Karla K. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
In this study, the authors aimed to examine the accuracy, latency, and errors of noun (object) and verb (action) naming in children with and without specific language impairment (SLI) and to determine whether children with SLI have a particularly large noun–verb performance gap.

Method
Children with SLI, age-matched peers (AM), and expressive vocabulary–matched peers (VM) named 120 matched object and action pictures in a computerized confrontation naming task.

Results
The SLI and VM groups demonstrated comparable naming latency and accuracy; both were slower and less accurate than the AM group. Object naming was more accurate than action naming in the SLI and VM groups; their noun–verb performance gaps were comparable. Object naming was faster than action naming in all children. In comparison with the AM group, the SLI group made proportionally fewer taxonomic errors and more omission errors when naming objects, and fewer misperception errors when naming actions.

Conclusions
The naming abilities of children with SLI, although deficient given their chronological age, are commensurate with their vocabulary level. Their naming errors suggest immaturities in semantic representation. Action naming is significantly more difficult than object naming, but the noun–verb gap that characterizes the performance of children with SLI is appropriate for their vocabulary level.
Influenza Vaccination and Intention to Receive the Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Vaccine among Healthcare Workers of British Columbia, Canada: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kaboli Fariba , Astrakianakis George , Li Guiyun , Guzman Jaime , Naus Monika , Donovan Tara 
Published: August 2010

Objective.To assess healthcare workers' attitudes and concerns regarding seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines in order to improve vaccination campaign communications.Design.Cross-sectional survey.Setting.All 6 health authorities in British Columbia, Canada.Methods.An anonymous, self-administered online survey was conducted from August 30 through September 30, 2009. Question topics included demographic characteristics, factors influencing acceptance of seasonal influenza vaccine, factors influencing intentions to accept pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine, and knowledge and concerns regarding the effect of the influenza pandemic.Participants.All 96,217 British Columbia healthcare workers were eligible to participate.Results.A volunteer sample of 4,046 healthcare workers returned the survey; 3,563 (88%) were women, 58% were under 50 years old (mean age ± standard deviation, 45.3 ± 10.9 years), 3,152 of 4,023 (79%) had 5 or more years of experience in their profession, 1,853 of 4,023 (46%) were nurses, and 2,833 (70%) had been vaccinated against seasonal influenza the previous year. Two thousand eight hundred (69%) respondents reported intending to receive the pandemic H1N1 vaccine. The most important predictor of this intention was having received the seasonal vaccine the previous year (odds ratio [OR], 6.25 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 5.39-7.26]). Worry about making loved ones ill was the only attitude associated with intention to receive the pandemic H1N1 vaccine (adjusted OR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.27-1.50]). Concerns with vaccine safety (adjusted OR, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.25-0.39]) and belief “that H1N1 is not severe enough” (adjusted OR, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.26-0.32]) were independently associated with the intention to reject the pandemic H1N1 vaccine.Conclusions.Vaccination campaigns for pandemic H1N1 vaccine should use messages that emphasize the risk of illness among younger people and the opportunity to protect loved ones by getting the vaccine and should address concerns about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine.
Arrears in a Transition Economy: the Mechanism of Contagion
Authors: Lugovoy Oleg 
Published: August 2010

The arrears issue has long been one of the gravest unresolved problems in the Russian economy. With stabilisation of public finances and the onset of economic growth in recent years, the severity of this problem has markedly decreased, but it is too early to claim that it has been completely resolved. This paper analyses macroeconomic aspects of arrears in terms of the hypothesis that arrears are a way of providing hidden subsidies to inefficient production companies. The results of the study point to such negative effects of arrears on the economy as decline in consumption, decrease in demand for real cash balances, encouragement of barter and offsets, veiling of the initial sources of arrears, and distortion of normal market responses to the debtor’s financial problems. The latter is connected to the fact that problems of insolvent firms and entire sectors in the conditions of a system of non‐payments are not confined to specific economic agents but are multiplied and spread throughout the economy, creating financial problems for other firms and sectors as well.As some sectors of the economy do not accept delays in payment for delivered products, generation of overdue payables in one sector may result in demand constraints and consumption decline in other sectors. In an environment where wage arrears are tolerated, households automatically become a creditor of insolvent sectors, reducing their own consumption.Offsets do not have any effect on the established system of hidden subsidies, as they decrease accumulated arrears only in the short term. As to barter, it can be viewed as a system of compulsory consumption of goods manufactured by domestic producers.
1st die Sensibilisierung bei der Allergie ubiquitär?
Authors: SALEN ERNST B. 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Verf. führt Gründe für die Auffassung an, dass die Sensibilisierung bei der Allergie universell ist, wenn auch verschiedene Gebiete des Gewebes, das Träger der allergischen Reaktivität ist, für verschiedene Allergene in verschiedenem Grade sensibilisiert sein können.Als Beweis dafür, dass die Harnwegsbeschwerden, die mitunter z. B. zusanimen mit dem Asthmaanfall auftreten, Ausdruck: einer allergischen Reaktion in den Uroqenitalwegen sein Können, werden zwei Fälle angeführt.Die vom Verf. gemachten Beobachtungen lassen es wahrscheinlich erscheinen, dass eine allergische »Cystitis» auch isoliert vorkommen kann, also ohne dass andere allergische Manifestationen vorzukommen brauchen.
Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der anaphylaktischen in vitro Reaktion auf Tuberkulin
Authors: GRÖNWALL ANDERS 
Published: August 2010

Zusammenfassung.Die Tuberkulinpräparate PPD und Standard PPD nach Seibert sind nicht fähig im Schultz‐Dale‐Versuch die anaphylaktische Kontraktion der Uterusmuskulatur von tuberkulösen Meerschwinchen auszulö. Die Reaktion kann dagegen mit Tuberkulin nach Schubert und gewissen anderen Tuberkulin‐präparaten hervorgerufen werden. Die Ursachen fü diese Abweichungen werden diskutiert.Der Verf. dankt Professor A. Tiselius für Ratschläge und Diskussion sowie für die überlassung der Tuberkulinpräparate. Den Professoren T. Svedberg, A. Westerlund and J. Reenstierna danke ich für ihr wohlwllendes Interesse und for die zur Verfügung gestellte experimentelle Ausrüstung.Die Untersuchung ist mit Finanzieller Unterstützung von »Svenska nationalföreningen mot Tuberkulos» ausgeführt.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE AS SUGGESTED BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.
Authors: NIELSEN INGOLF 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Heart morphology and function in hypertension is viewed as a continuum between the following types as land marks: 1) concentric/septal hypertrophy and increased systolic function. 2) slightly dilated left ventricle, no hypertrophy, increased systolic function. 3) eccentric hypertrophy, slightly reduced systolic function. 4) dilated cardiomyopathy without signs of ischaemic heart disease. 5) dilated cardiomyopathy with signs of ischaemic heart disease.The time course of the development of hypertensive heart disease is suggested.
Vitamin D status and PTH in young men: a cross‐sectional study on associations with bone mineral density, body composition and glucose metabolism
Authors: Frost M. , Abrahamsen B. , Nielsen T.L. , Hagen C. , Andersen M. , Brixen K. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryObjective  Although vitamin D and bone metabolism are closely related, few studies have addressed the effects of vitamin D status on bone in men at time of peak bone mass. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in a cross‐sectional study in young men and the effects of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone mass, bone markers and metabolic function.Design and Participants  The study population consisted of 783 men aged 20–29 years.Measurements  Bone mineral density (BMD) of the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine was measured. dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was used to evaluate total body fat mass (BFAT). Visceral fat mass and abdominal subcutaneous fat mass (ViFM and ScFM) were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. A radioimmunoassay was used to measure the level of 25‐hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD).Results  The prevalence of vitamin deficiency (serum 25OHD < 50 nm) was 6·3% during summer and 43·6% during winter. Serum 25OHD was associated with BMD at all sites and inversely associated with bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase and directly with carboxyterminal telopeptide of type‐1‐collagen. 25OHD and PTH were inversely associated with BFAT, whereas 25OHD also was inversely associated with body mass index, waist–hip ratio, ViFM and ScFM after adjustment for confounders. The associations were found only to be present in participants with insufficient levels of 25OHD. 25‐Hydroxy vitamin D and PTH were inversely related to insulin resistance in vitamin‐insufficient participants only. No associations between PTH or 25OHD and blood pressure were noted.Conclusion  The study showed a high prevalence of 25OHD deficiency in young, northern European men, which was significantly associated with decreased BMD. PTH and 25OHD were found to be inversely related to the markers of insulin resistance.
How do you monitor the patient with Turner’s syndrome in adulthood?
Authors: Conway Gerard S. , Band Margaret , Doyle Jacqueline , Davies Melanie C 
Published: August 2010

SummaryWithin endocrinology, the long‐term management of Turner syndrome (TS) in adults is fast becoming a specialist subject in its own right. The complications of TS can affect every system in the body, and the main reason why it falls to endocrinologists to coordinate health care is that many features are clearly within the endocrine remit: hypothyroidism, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, hypogonadism. Endocrinologists as general physicians can often cover surveillance of problems in other areas such as congenital heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease and deafness, calling upon specialist input only if the need arises. In this way, a simple ‘one stop shop’ can offer a well‐woman service for women with TS in a cost‐effective manner. Such a service requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Proximo‐cervical adaptation of Class II‐composite restorations after thermocycling: a quantitative and qualitative study
Authors: SCHUCKAR M. , GEURTSEN W. 
Published: August 2010

summary
Sixty caries‐free extracted human molars were used to determine the proximo‐cervical adaptation and sealing of Class II‐composite restorations related to the location of the cavity margins: 1.0 mm or 0.5 mm coronal to the cementum‐enamel‐junction (CEJ), at the CEJ, and 0.5 mm apical to the CEJ. All cavities were filled with a hybride type composite resin, which was combined at the CEJ and apical to the CEJ with a dentine adhesive in half of the specimens. The proximo‐cervical adaptation and sealing was determined before and after thermocycling (TC, 2000 cycles, 5–55°C) by SEM and dye penetration tests. Furthermore, an analysis of the interfaces between the enamel or dentine and the filling material was performed to determine whether or not there is a significant correlation between micromorphological factors of the dental hard tissues (enamel acid etch pattern, dentine resin tag pattern) and the marginal adaptation of the composite restorations. The data were statistically evaluated by means of H‐tests (Kruskall–Wallis), U‐tests (Mann–Whitney), and Chi2‐tests (P < 0.05).It was found that the proximo‐cervical adaptation is statistically significant dependent on the position of the margin. 1.0 mm coronal to the CEJ an excellent marginal sealing was found before and after TC, whereas all other groups revealed a significant deterioration of the marginal integrity after TC. Using a dentine adhesive significantly improved the marginal sealing in cavities at the CEJ before and after TC, however the marginal quality was not achieved as in the case of the normally structured enamel 1.0 mm coronal to the CEJ following acid etching. In defects 0.5 mm apical to the CEJ the dentine adhesive only improved the cervical adaptation before TC. The evaluation of the tooth/ filling interfaces revealed that there is no statistically significant correlation between the enamel acid etch pattern resp. dentine resin tag pattern and the marginal sealing.