bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literature, History, Periodization, and the Pleasures of the Latin Literary History of Late Antiquity
Authors: Shanzer Danuta 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis survey aims to look back on, and to serve as an invitation to, the study of the Latin literature of Late Antiquity. While Late Antiquity has now emerged and been validated as an important subject for historians, the same cannot be said for philologists, literary historians, and literary critics. Paradigms of decadence, degeneration, and decline still reign in the minds of many classicists (from whose ranks many ‘late antiques’ will ultimately be recruited), while many historians who come to Late Antiquity from the Middle Ages will remain just that, namely historians, and may not have the chance to acquire the linguistic formation to study Late Antique texts closely; perhaps not even the will to do so, for the study of medieval history through literary texts (as opposed to documents) is comparatively recent.1 The classical canon is restrictive, excluding, as it does, Christian and Jewish texts. The available larger scale literary histories may not be doing much to make scholars want to read texts from the late 2nd through the 7th century. They range from the dismissive acceleration through ‘fly‐over’ territory to the learned, objective, exhaustive, but dry. From the early 20th century the effete and decadent Des Esseintes's Late Latin reading list in Huysmans's A rebours still seems rather more stimulating. A much broader, but gradual approach, acknowledging that one cannot do everything, will ultimately be most constructive. Late Antiquity has an enormous amount of new and emerging material for study as well as great and complicated old problems to contemplate. Special pleasures include the study of the literary history of specific provinces, learning to work with hagiography, reading ‘substandard’ Latin (including papyrological and epigraphic texts), contemplating the long trajectory of the evolution from Latin to Romance, reading authors with highly distinctive voices, learning to love exegesis, and more. Self‐identification as ‘textual’ rather than purely ‘literary’ specialists is particularly empowering.
Understanding herb and dietary supplement use in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Kaiboriboon Kitti , Guevara Marie , Alldredge Brian K. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryObjective:  To determine the prevalence of herb and dietary supplement use and to provide a comprehensive analysis of factors influencing the use of these products in patients with epilepsy.Methods:  We performed a cross‐sectional study using self‐administered questionnaires in a selected group of patients who were receiving care at a tertiary epilepsy center. Logistic regression was used to measure the association between the demographic variables and herb and dietary supplement use. In addition, we performed a MEDLINE search for each of the herb and dietary products used by our patients to determine the effect of these products on seizures and on their potential for interactions with other drugs metabolized by the liver.Results:  One hundred eighty‐seven patients completed the survey. Fifty‐six percent of this group of patients with epilepsy used herbs and dietary supplements at the time of the survey. A considerable portion (71%) of these patients reported the use of these products to their physician, and most of them relied on their physicians as the primary source of information. Most of the patients used dietary supplement for health promotion rather than to specifically benefit their epilepsy condition. Approximately one‐third of patients used herb or dietary supplements that had the potential to increase seizures (16%) or to interact with hepatically metabolized drugs (19%). The most powerful independent predictors of herb and dietary supplement use were partial epilepsy [odds ratio (OR) 3.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–8.88] and Caucasian race (OR 3.55; 95% CI 1.11–11.34).Conclusion:  Patients with epilepsy commonly used dietary supplements along with their antiepileptic medications. The majority of these patients used herb and dietary supplements for health promotion rather than because of dissatisfaction with conventional treatment. It is important that physicians involved in the care of patients with epilepsy routinely inquire about the use of dietary supplements and that they make use of reliable resources to assess the safety of these products with regard to modification of seizure risk and the potential for interactions with antiepileptic drugs.
Design and Analysis of Bioenergy Networks
Authors: Kempener Ruud , Beck Jessica , Petrie Jim 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThis article presents a new methodology for designing industrial networks and analyzing them dynamically from the standpoint of sustainable development. The approach uses a combination of optimization and simulation tools. Assuming “top‐down” overarching control of the network, we use global dynamic optimization to determine which evolutionary pathways are preferred in terms of economic, social, and environmental performance. Considering the autonomy of network entities and their actions, we apply agent‐based simulation to analyze how the network actually evolves. These two perspectives are integrated into a powerful multiscale modeling framework for evaluating the consequences of new policy instruments or different business strategies aimed at stimulating sustainable development as well as identifying optimal leverage points for improved performance of the network in question. The approach is demonstrated for a regional network of interdependent organizations deploying a set of bioenergy technologies within a developing‐economy context.
Depressive Symptoms and Incident Cognitive Impairment in Cognitively Well‐Functioning Older Men and Women
Authors: Ng Tze Pin , Niti Mathew , Zaw Min Htet , Kua Ee Heok 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the effect of depressive symptoms on the risk of cognitive decline and incident cognitive impairment (CI) in cognitively well‐functioning older persons differed between men and women and whether sex differences in cerebrovascular factors might explain this.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: General community.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand four hundred eighty‐seven well‐functioning Chinese older adults (Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥24) assessed at baseline for the presence of depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥5), and covariates (age, apolipoprotein E ɛ4, education, smoking, alcohol drinking, and vascular risk factors and diseases).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident CI and change in MMSE were assessed at 2‐year follow‐up.RESULTS: In the whole sample, participants with depression showed significantly more incident CI than those without (5.7% vs 2.6%, P=.04; adjusted odds ratio (OR)=2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.05–5.00. Significantly higher OR was observed only in men (OR=4.75, 95% CI=1.22–18.5) and not for women (OR=1.29). There was a correspondingly greater rate of cognitive decline in participants with depressive symptoms that was observed to be marked only in men and not in women. The association was accentuated in subgroups with hypertension or vascular factors, but the sex differences in association were consistently observed.CONCLUSION: The association between depressive symptoms and risk of cognitive decline was observed only in men and was not explained by sex differences in vascular factors. The comorbid presence of underlying cerebral vascular pathology or multi‐infarct disease was possibly not a mediating factor but might amplify the process of cognitive decline.
Potentially Inappropriate Medications and Functional Decline in Elderly Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Corsonello Andrea , Pedone Claudio , Lattanzio Fabrizia , Lucchetti Maria , Garasto Sabrina , Di Muzio Massimo , Giunta Sergio , Onder Graziano , Di Iorio Angelo , Volpato Stefano , Corica Francesco , Mussi Chiara , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele ,   on behalf of the Pharmacosur Veillance in the Elderly Care Study Group
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVES: To verify whether the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is associated with loss of independence in elderly in‐patients by promoting adverse drug reactions (ADRs).DESIGN: Prospective observational study.PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred six patients aged 65 and older admitted to 11 acute care medical wards.MEASUREMENTS: In‐hospital loss of one or more activities of daily living (ADLs) and three or more ADLs. PIMs were identified according to diagnosis‐independent Beers criteria and ascertained by study physicians based on daily review of medical and nurse records. The relationship between risk factors and outcomes was assessed using logistic regression.RESULTS: Overall, 104 patients (20.6%) were taking at least one PIM at the time of admission (baseline users), and 49 (9.7%) were newly prescribed at least one PIM during their hospital stay. The loss of one or more ADLs occurred in 9.6% of baseline users, 16.3% of new users, and 8.5% of nonusers (P=.21) and that of three or more ADLs in 7.7% of baseline users, 12.2% of new users, and 4.8% of nonusers (P=.10). The lack of association was confirmed after correction for potential confounders, including ADRs. The occurrence of ADRs was strongly associated with both outcomes (odds ratio (OR)=7.80, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.53–17.3 for the loss of ≥1 ADLs; OR=3.98, 95% CI=1.50–10.5 for the loss of ≥3 ADLs), but PIMs caused only six of 106 ADRs.CONCLUSIONS: ADRs to any drugs more than the use of PIMs might be associated with functional decline in elderly hospitalized patients, but because the power of this study was too limited to definitively exclude a direct relationship between PIMs and functional decline, this merits further investigation.
Effect of Two Self‐Adhesive Cements on Marginal Adaptation and Strength of Esthetic Ceramic CAD/CAM Molar Crowns
Authors: Mörmann Werner , Wolf Daniel , Ender Andreas , Bindl Andreas , Göhring Till , Attin Thomas 
Published: April 2009

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated the effects of adhesive cements on marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of ceramic molar crowns. Materials and Methods: Seventy‐five extracted maxillary molars were selected. The occlusal morphology of 15 molars (control) was scanned and transferred to the crowns in the test groups by CAD/CAM. Sixty molars received full‐coverage crown preparations with 6‐degree axial taper, 1.0‐mm shoulder, and 2.0‐mm occlusal reduction. They were assigned to four groups, and pulpal pressure was simulated. The 15 crowns in each test group were seated with resin‐based self‐adhesive cements, Rely‐X (RX) and Multilink (MS), one multistep bonded adhesive luting composite resin, Variolink (VL), and glass‐ionomer cement, Ketac Cem (KC). Test and control molars were subjected to thermal and mechanical fatigue stress (TMS: 12,000 × 5°C to 50°C; 2.4 million × 49 N) for 18 days in a masticator. Marginal adaptation [“continuous margin%” (CM%)] of the crowns was determined by scanning electron microscopy (200×). Finally, molars were occlusally loaded until fracture in a testing machine, and fracture load (N) was recorded. Marginal adaptation and strength data were statistically analyzed. Results: TMS significantly (p < 0.001) reduced CM% in all groups. After TMS, CM% at the cement‐dentin interface was significantly (p < 0.001) higher for RX than for all other cements. At the crown‐cement interface both self‐adhesive cements MS and RX had significantly better CM% than VL (p < 0.05) and KC (p < 0.001). Fracture resistance of natural untreated molars was significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of experimental crowns. Fracture resistance of RX cemented crowns was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of other crowns. Occlusal morphology significantly influenced fracture resistance (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Self‐adhesive cement RX offers a valid alternative to multistep resin‐based luting composite with respect to marginal adaptation to dentin and fracture resistance. The latter is also influenced by occlusal morphology, necessitating careful monitoring of occlusal contacts.
Flexural Strength of Glass‐Infiltrated Zirconia/Alumina‐Based Ceramics and Feldspathic Veneering Porcelains
Authors: Bottino Marco Antonio , Salazar‐Marocho Susana M. , Leite Fabiola P.P. , Vásquez Vanessa C. , Valandro Luiz Felipe 
Published: April 2009

Abstract Purpose: To compare the flexural strength of two glass‐infiltrated high‐strength ceramics and two veneering glass‐ceramics. Materials and Methods: Four ceramic materials were tested: two glass‐infiltrated high‐strength ceramics used as framework in metal‐free restorations [In‐Ceram Zirconia IZ (Gr1) and In‐Ceram Alumina IA (Gr2)], and two glass‐ceramics used as veneering material in metal‐free restorations [Vita VM7 (Gr3) and Vitadur‐α (Gr4)]. Bar specimens (25 × 5 × 2 mm3) made from core ceramics, alumina, and zirconia/alumina composites were prepared and applied to a silicone mold, which rested on a base from a gypsum die material. The IZ and IA specimens were partially sintered in an In‐Ceram furnace according to the firing cycle of each material, and then were infiltrated with a low‐viscosity glass to yield bar specimens of high density and strength. The Vita VM7 and Vitadur‐α specimens were made from veneering materials, by vibration of slurry porcelain powder and condensation into a two‐part brass Teflon matrix (25 × 5 × 2 mm3). Excess water was removed with absorbent paper. The veneering ceramic specimens were then removed from the matrix and were fired as recommended by the manufacturer. Another ceramic application and sintering were performed to compensate the contraction of the feldspar ceramic. The bar specimens were then tested in a three‐point bending test. Results: The core materials (Gr1: 436.1 ± 54.8; Gr2: 419.4 ± 83.8) presented significantly higher flexural strength (MPa) than the veneer ceramics (Gr3: 63.5 ± 9.9; Gr4: 57.8 ± 12.7). Conclusion: In‐Ceram Alumina and Zirconia were similar statistically and more resistant than VM7 and Vitadur‐α.
Fatigue and Fluoride Corrosion on Streptococcus mutans Adherence to Titanium‐Based Implant/Component Surfaces
Authors: Correa Cassia Bellotto , Pires Juliana Rico , Fernandes‐Filho Romeu Belon , Sartori Rafael , Vaz Luis Geraldo 
Published: April 2009

Abstract Purpose: The influence of fatigue and the fluoride ion corrosion process on Streptococcus mutans adherence to commercially pure Titanium (Cp Ti) implant/component set surfaces were studied. Materials and Methods: Thirty Nobel implants and 30 Neodent implants were used. Each commercial brand was divided into three groups. Group A: control, Group B: sets submitted to fatigue (105 cycles, 15 Hz, 150 N), and Group C: sets submitted to fluoride (1500 ppm, pH 5.5) and fatigue, simulating a mean use of 5 years in the oral medium. Afterward, the sets were contaminated with standard strains of S. mutans (NTCC 1023) and analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and colony‐forming unit counts (CFU/mL). Results: By SEM, bacterial adherence was verified only in group C in both brands. By CFU/mL counts, S. mutans was statistically higher in both brands in group C than in groups A and B (p < 0.05, ANOVA). Conclusion: The process of corrosion by fluoride ions on Cp Ti implant/component sets allowed greater S. mutans adherence than in the absence of corrosion and with the fatigue process in isolation.
Orofacial granulomatosis in childhood—a clinical entity that may indicate Crohn's disease as well as food allergy
Authors: Saalman Robert , Mattsson Ulf , Jontell Mats 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAim:  Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is a rare clinical entity with orofacial swelling in association with oral lesions such as mucosal oedema, ulcerations and mucosal tags. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the connection between OFG in childhood and systemic disease.Methods:  During a 3‐year period, eight children (9–16 years old) who had been referred to the clinic of oral medicine were diagnosed solely with OFG. Thus, none of them had any known systemic disease or gastrointestinal symptoms at the time of referral. The children were then medically examined and followed up for 6–8 years at the department of paediatrics for systemic disease with specific emphasis on inflammatory disorders elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract.Results:  During follow‐up, four patients were diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD). Further, one girl was found to have a food allergy‐induced OFG, with delayed‐type hypersensitivity to oats. One boy developed both diabetes and celiac disease during the follow‐up. Only two patients had no diagnosis of systemic disease at the end of the observation period.Conclusion:  OFG in childhood seems to be frequently related to systemic disease, and children with OFG should be referred to a paediatrician for examination and follow‐up.
Allergic rhinitis: more than just a stuffy nose
Authors: Borres Magnus P 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAllergic rhinitis is more than just sneezing and an itchy nose. Complications of this disease are numerous and can have a significant impact, both mentally and physically. That is why it is important not only to detect, investigate and treat allergic rhinitis but also to actively identify potential complications. Mental functions such as learning, sleep and activity levels can deteriorate, and the eustachian tubes, sinuses and airway functions can be affected. Otitis, sinusitis and asthma are overrepresented among individuals who suffer from allergic rhinitis.This article highlights how allergic rhinitis can affect cognitive functions, and what consequences this can have on school performance, work and quality of life.Conclusion:  Health professionals and school personnel need to increase their awareness of the ramifications of this disease and actively work to prevent deterioration in both academic achievement and workplace productivity.
Leaf vascular dimensions associated with freeze tolerance in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum)
Authors: Breman J.W. , Sinclair T.R. , Blount A.R. , Quesenberry K.H. , Brennan M.M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFoliage damage as a result of individual freeze events is a major limitation to the expansion of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures and hay production in Southeastern USA. Greater tolerance to such freeze events would allow production deeper into the fall and winter and allow expansion of this species into colder regions. While it has been reported that small cells are more tolerant to freeze damage, this possibility has not been explored in bahiagrass. Specifically, the hypothesis was examined that xylem vessels with smaller diameter in the midrib of leaves are associated with freeze tolerance among bahiagrass genotypes. Vascular bundle diameter was also measured as a possible index of xylem cell size. A total of eight bahiagrass genotypes were eventually studied representing four freeze‐sensitive and four freeze‐tolerant lines. There was a clear distinction in xylem cell size between the freeze‐sensitive and the freeze‐tolerant lines. The freeze‐tolerant genotypes had xylem element cells that were significantly smaller than the freeze‐sensitive genotypes. Averaged across three leaf positions and all genotypes, the xylem element diameter for the freeze‐sensitive lines was 222 μm and for the freeze‐tolerant lines was only 164 μm. A similar difference was observed in overall vascular bundle diameter with freeze‐sensitive lines having a mean of 1168 μm and the freeze‐tolerant lines a mean of 917 μm. These results indicated that the diameter of the xylem cells in the vascular midrib of bahiagrass may be an important variable influencing the sensitivity among genotypes to freeze damage.
C‐C Chemokine Receptor 2 Expression by Circulating Monocytes Influences Atherosclerosis in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Okumoto Satoshi , Taniguchi Yoshihiko , Nakashima Ayumu , Masaki Takao , Ito Takafumi , Ogawa Takahiko , Takasugi Norihisa , Kohno Nobuoki , Yorioka Noriaki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMortality from cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease due to atherosclerosis is increased in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and its receptor, C‐C chemokine receptor 2, play an important role in recruiting monocytes to atherosclerotic lesions. The relationship between atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients and C‐C chemokine receptor 2 expression is unknown. Fifty‐six patients on chronic hemodialysis and 27 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were enrolled. Serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and expression of C‐C chemokine receptor 2 by circulating monocytes were determined. Atherosclerosis was evaluated from the carotid intima‐media thickness and cardio‐ankle vascular index. Serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and expression of C‐C chemokine receptor 2 by monocytes were significantly higher in the hemodialysis patients than the controls. Multiple regression analysis showed a positive correlation between receptor expression and both indexes of atherosclerosis. C‐C chemokine receptor 2 expression by circulating monocytes influences atherosclerosis in patients on chronic hemodialysis.
Nitrilase enzymes and their role in plant–microbe interactions
Authors: Howden Andrew J. M. , Preston Gail M. 
Published: April 2009

SummaryNitrilase enzymes (nitrilases) catalyse the hydrolysis of nitrile compounds to the corresponding carboxylic acid and ammonia, and have a wide range of industrial and biotechnological applications, including the synthesis of industrially important carboxylic acids and bioremediation of cyanide and toxic nitriles. Nitrilases are produced by a wide range of organisms, including plants, bacteria and fungi, but despite their biotechnological importance, the role of these enzymes in living organisms is relatively underexplored. Current research suggests that nitrilases play important roles in a range of biological processes. In the context of plant–microbe interactions they may have roles in hormone synthesis, nutrient assimilation and detoxification of exogenous and endogenous nitriles. Nitrilases are produced by both plant pathogenic and plant growth‐promoting microorganisms, and their activities may have a significant impact on the outcome of plant–microbe interactions. In this paper we review current knowledge of the role of nitriles and nitrilases in plants and plant‐associated microorganisms, and discuss how greater understanding of the natural functions of nitrilases could be applied to benefit both industry and agriculture.
Translocation and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis living inside of plants
Authors: Monnerat Rose Gomes , Soares Carlos Marcelo , Capdeville Guy , Jones Gareth , Martins Érica Soares , Praça Lilian , Cordeiro Bruno Arrivabene , Braz Shélida Vasconcelos , Dos Santos Roseane Cavalcante , Berry Colin 
Published: April 2009

SummaryThe major biological pesticide for the control of insect infestations of crops, Bacillus thuringiensis was found to be present naturally within cotton plants from fields that had never been treated with commercial formulations of this bacterium. The ability of B. thuringiensis to colonize plants as an endophyte was further established by the introduction of a strain marked by production of green fluorescent protein (GFP). After inoculation of this preparation close to the roots of cotton and cabbage seedlings, GFP‐marked bacteria could be re‐isolated from all parts of the plant, having entered the roots and migrated through the xylem. Leaves taken from the treated plants were able to cause toxicity when fed to the Lepidoptera Spodoptera frugiperda (cotton) and Plutella xylostella (cabbage). These results open up new horizons for understanding the natural ecology and evolution of B. thuringiensis and use of B. thuringiensis in insect control.