bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface modification of poly(butylene terephthalate) nonwoven by photochemistry and biofunctionalization with peptides for blood filtration
Authors: Gérard Estelle , Bessy Emilie , Hénard Gregory , Ducoroy Laurent , Verpoort Thierry , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe surface of meltblown poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) nonwoven was modified by photochemistry using the photolinker O‐succinimidyl 4‐azido‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorobenzoate for the introduction of activated ester functions and then coupling of molecular probes or biomolecules. Approximately 4000 pmol of (L)‐4,5‐[3H]‐lysine was fixed per PBT sample (1.13 cm2) and measured by liquid scintillation counting. The method consisted in a two‐step process: (a) coating of the clip (0.05 mg/sample) on the fibrous surface of the PBT followed by UV irradiation (30 min, 254 nm) and (b) coupling of amine‐terminated molecules (10−3 M in phosphate buffer–CH3CN [1/1, v/v], 20 h). Moreover, about 2000 pmol of 3H‐lysine can be immobilized on the PBT surface after UV irradiation (without clip) by aminolysis reactions with the created oxygenated functions. The derivatizations (via the clip and UV irradiation only) were stable after long‐term heating at 100 °C in water or under steam‐sterilization conditions. They induce neither modifications of the nonwoven morphology nor cytotoxicity. This method was applied for the grafting of peptides Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser and Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly‐Gly to perform blood filtration experiments and to retain the leukocytes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
High Tg, ambipolar, and near‐infrared electrochromic anthraquinone‐based aramids with intervalence charge‐transfer behavior
Authors: Yen Hung‐Ju , Lin Kun‐Ying , Liou Guey‐Sheng 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo novel series of ambipolar and near‐infrared electrochromic aromatic polyamides with electroactive anthraquinone group were synthesized from new aromatic diamines, 2‐(bis(4‐aminophenyl)amino)anthracene‐9,10‐dione and 2‐(4‐(bis(4‐aminophenyl)amino)phenoxy)anthracene‐9,10‐dione, respectively, via low‐temperature solution polycondensation reaction. These polymers were readily soluble in many polar solvents and showed useful levels of thermal stability associated with high glass‐transition temperatures (Tg) (285–360 °C). Electrochemical studies of these electrochromic polyamides revealed ambipolar behavior with reversible redox couples and high contrast ratio both in the visible range and near‐infrared region. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Production of UV‐light‐detectable faeces from house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) after consumption of encapsulated fluorescent pigment in monitoring bait
Authors: Frynta Daniel , Eliášová Barbora , Fraňková Marcela , Aulický Radek , Rödl Pavel , Stejskal Václav 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The authors investigated whether fluorescent pigment in thermoset melamine microcapsules incorporated into monitoring baits would be excreted in the faeces of wild house mice in a quantity and intensity that would be detectable by a human observer.RESULTS: Experimental mice produced 24–116 UV‐visible faecal pellets per 24 h; the mean dry weight was 582 mg. The number and weight of the faeces was independent of mouse sex and weight. The defecation of UV‐visible faeces began at 2–3 h, peaked at 5–8 h and was complete at 17 h after bait ingestion. The detectability of the highly fluorescent faecal pellets using a small UV flashlight approached 100%, and no false positives were recorded.CONCLUSION: The tested formulation is of significant value for rodent pest monitoring because faeces that are highly visible by UV light are produced for 15 h by mice after ingestion, and their detection is easy and unambiguous. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Vitamin K requirement and reproduction in bromadiolone‐resistant Norway rats
Authors: Jacob Jens , Endepols Stefan , Pelz Hans‐Joachim , Kampling Engelbert , Cooper Trevor G , Yeung Ching Hei , Redmann Klaus , Schlatt Stefan 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Nucleotide polymorphisms in the VKORC1 gene can be linked to anticoagulant rodenticide resistance in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout). This provides a fitness advantage to rats exposed to anticoagulant actives, but may also cause fitness costs. The vitamin K requirement and reproductive parameters of bromadiolone‐resistant rats (Westphalian resistant strain; VKOR variant Tyr139Cys) and bromadiolone‐susceptible Norway rats were compared.RESULTS:At vitamin K deficiency, blood clotting times increased in all homozygous resistant males within 8 days and in 80% of homozygous resistant females within 15 days. There was little effect on blood clotting in heterozygous males and no effect in heterozygous females and VKOR wild‐type individuals. Litter size was about 20% higher in sensitive pairs compared with resistant pairs. Testes growth, male gonad weight, sperm motility and testis cell concentration were unaffected by the mutation.CONCLUSIONS:The VKOR variant Tyr139Cys causes considerable physiological cost in Norway rats in terms of vitamin K requirement and reproduction. This may affect the distribution and spread of resistant individuals in the wild. Decreased litter size of resistant parents seems to be due to lowered female reproductive performance, as there was no significant effect of the mutation on any aspects of male reproduction considered, but this requires further study. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Developing Spatial Microsimulation Estimates of Small Area Advantage and Disadvantage among Older Australians
Authors: Gong Honge (Cathy) , McNamara Justine , Vidyattama Yogi , Miranti Riyana , Tanton Robert , Harding Ann , Kendig Hal 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper presents innovative applications of spatial microsimulation techniques to develop estimates of the small area distribution of deep economic disadvantage and relative economic advantage among Australians 55 years and older, combining data on disposable income, main source of income, and housing tenure. The spatial microsimulation model produces synthetic small area measures of economic disadvantage and advantage among older people that are multidimensional. This approach recognises that income levels alone may not adequately capture the complexity of relative advantage and disadvantage among older people. We particularly focus here on addressing and investigating the limits of spatial microsimulation modelling, describing and testing a number of possible methods for validating the synthetic estimates and identifying ongoing challenges and opportunities in the estimation of older adults' economic characteristics at a small area level. We find that, once we have adjusted the benchmarks to better match our research and excluded from our analysis small areas for which the modelling is unable to produce accurate results (often because of small sample sizes or unusual population characteristics), we are able to accurately match our synthetic estimates with known small area data, with Pearson's R values between 0.95 and 0.98. Our final results show substantial small area differences in economic advantage and disadvantage among older Australians and point to the need for understanding the geographic aspects of diversity in the older population. Such an understanding will allow for the development and appropriate targeting of policy responses to the needs of older people of modest economic means. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenomenological quantum confinement models for excitons and phonons applied to photoluminescence and Raman spectra of silicon nanocrystals
Authors: Dossot M. , Miska P. , Rinnert H. , Vergnat M. , Humbert B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe photoluminescence and vibrational properties of silicon nanocrystals are studied in a multilayered system elaborated by successive evaporations of SiO and SiO2 layers with controlled thicknesses. The multilayer systems are deposited on a glass substrate (Herasil). The photoluminescence and Raman spectra are fitted by phenomenological exciton and phonon confinement models accounting for the size distribution of the embedded nanocrystals. Contrary to the same study realized with multilayer systems deposited on silicon substrate, the two confinement models (phononic and excitonic) do not lead to the same size distribution. An amorphous silicon phase was also detected in Raman spectroscopy that prevented a good fitting accuracy by the model. Contribution of the substrate to the thermal crystallization process is thus discussed, as well as the origin of the photoluminescence and vibrational properties in terms of quantum confinement or interfacial defects.
BENDING OF SUBMERGED WOODY RIPARIAN VEGETATION AS A FUNCTION OF HYDRAULIC FLOW CONDITIONS
Authors: Stone Mark C. , Chen Li , Kyle McKay S. , Goreham John , Acharya Kumud , Fischenich Craig , Stone Asako B. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWoody riparian vegetation provides numerous ecological benefits such as stabilizing streambanks, storing and cycling nutrients, shading streams and providing habitat for wildlife. However, vegetation also increases hydraulic roughness and reduces the effective flow area, resulting in an increased water surface elevation for a given streamflow. Balancing the desire to preserve woody vegetation in stream corridors with the need to manage flood risks requires accurate techniques for predicting the influence of vegetation on stream hydraulics. However, this is a challenging problem because woody vegetation responds to the flow field itself by bending and streamlining in response to hydraulic forces. The goal of this study was to predict the bending behaviour of woody riparian vegetation as a function of hydraulic flow conditions. Field tests were performed to elucidate tree biomechanical properties for select riparian taxa of the southwestern USA. Biomechanical results served as input parameters for a numerical algorithm designed to predict tree bending for water velocities likely to be encountered during flood events. Bending simulations revealed appreciable variability in bent tree heights. Variability was likely a manifestation of the extensive variance in plant characteristics and properties inherent in biological specimens. However, no trees were expected to bend to a height lower than approximately 42% of their original height, even in water moving at 2.5 m·s‐1. The results of this work provide an important first step in an effort to predict a dynamic hydraulic roughness for vegetated channels and floodplains under flood conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiphoton microscopic imaging of in vivo hair mouse skin based on two‐photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation
Authors: Jiang Xingshan , Zhuo Shuangmu , Xu Ren'an , Chen Jianxin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMouse is an important animal model to investigate skin physiological and pathological states. In this article, multiphoton microscopic imaging of in vivo hair mouse skin based on two‐photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation was examined. Our results show that multiphoton microscopy can clearly display microstructure of stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, and dermis of in vivo mouse skin. The main components of epidermis and dermis such as corneocytes, spinosum cell, collagen fibers, and hair follicles can be distinctly identified in MPM images. Using the optional HRZ 200fine focusing stage, thickness of different layers can be easily assessed. The results demonstrate that MPM can be regarded as an efficient method for in vivo investigation of skin physiological and pathological states by using hair mouse animal model. SCANNING 34: 170–173, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CD133+ Cancer Stem Cell–like Cells Derived from Uterine Carcinosarcoma (Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumor)
Authors: Choijamts Batsuren , Jimi Shiro , Kondo Toru , Naganuma Yasuko , Matsumoto Taichi , Kuroki Masahide , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Emoto Makoto 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that display tumor-initiating properties have recently been identified. CD133, a surface glycoprotein linked to organ-specific stem cells, has been described as a marker of CSCs in different tumor types. We herein identify and characterize CSCs in human uterine carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor), which is one of the most aggressive and therapy-resistant gynecological malignancies and is considered to be of mesodermal origin. The CD133+ population was increased in uterine carcinosarcoma, and this population showed biphasic properties in the primary tumor. CD133+ cells predominantly formed spheres in culture and were able to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages. CD133+ cells were more resistant to cisplatin/paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in comparison with CD133− cells. A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of the genes implicated in stem cell maintenance revealed that CD133+ cells express significantly higher levels of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Bmi1 than CD133− cells. Moreover, CD133+ cells showed a high expression level of Pax2 and Wnt4, which are genes essential for Müllerian duct formation. These CD133+ cells form serially transplantable tumors in vivo and the resulting CD133+ tumors replicated the EpCAM, vimentin, and estrogen and progesterone receptor expression of the parent tumor, indicating that CSCs likely differentiated into cells comprising the uterine carcinosarcoma tissue. Moreover, strong CD133 expression in both epithelial and mesenchymal elements in primary tumor demonstrated significant prognostic value. These findings suggest that CD133+ cells have the characteristics of CSCs and Müllerian mesenchymal progenitors.
Fatty Acids in Heterocyclic Synthesis Part XII: Synthesis of Surfactants from Pyrazole, Isoxazole, Pyrimidine and Triazine, Incorporating the 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Moiety Having Dyeing and Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Amine Mahasen S. , Mahmoud Amal A. , Badr Samy K. , Gouda Alaa S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe titled compounds were prepared from 2‐amino‐5‐heptadecyl[1,3,4]thiadiazole (1). Diazotization of (1) produced (2) which was coupled with active methylene compounds and gave azo ⇌ hydrazono derivatives (3A, 3B)a–d. It was found that there is regio‐specificity for addition of different nucleophiles to these tautomers; thus, nitrogen nucleophiles such as hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and thiourea were reacted via Azo tautomer (3A) to yield pyrazole, isoxazole and pyrimidine respectively (5‐7), while carbon nucleophiles as phenylisocyanate was reacted via the hydrazono tautomer (3B) and produced triazine derivatives (4). Additionally, the diazonium chloride (2) was coupled with alkaline 2‐naphthol and produced 2‐(5‐heptadecyl‐[1,3,4]thiadiazol‐2‐yl)‐1,2‐dihydro‐3‐oxa‐1,2‐diaza‐cyclopenta[a]naphthalene (8). UV–visible spectra of the synthesized colored compounds (2‐8) showed λ max at 374–398 nm, while screening these compounds in vitro against micro‐organisms (including structure‐activity relationship SAR study) revealed high antibacterial and moderate antifungal activities. Propoxylation of compounds 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 with 3, 5, 7 mol of propylene oxide produced nonionic surfactants I(a–c)–IX(a–c) having surface active properties so, it is clear that the tested surfactants can be used in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, cosmetics, emulsifiers, pesticides, luminphores for optical applications and many other industries with low toxicity to human beings and the environment owing to their high solubility and good biodegradability.
Interaction of soyasaponins with plant ingredients in diets for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Chikwati Elvis M. , Venold Fredrik F. , Penn Michael H. , Rohloff Jens , Refstie Ståle , Guttvik Arne , Hillestad Marie , Krogdahl Åshild 
Published: September 2011

The effects of combining soyasaponins with plant ingredients on intestinal function and fish health were investigated in an 80 d study with Atlantic salmon (270 g) distributed thirty each into twenty-four tanks with seawater. Soyasaponins were supplemented (2 g/kg) to diets with maize gluten (MG), pea protein concentrate (PPC) and sunflower (SFM), rapeseed (RSM) or horsebean meals. A diet with soyabean meal (SBM) and another with wheat gluten and soyasaponins served as reference diets. Marked soyasaponin effects were observed when combined with PPC. This combination induced inflammation in the distal intestine (DI) similar to SBM, reduced feed intake, apparent digestibility of lipid, most amino acids and ash, decreased bile salt levels in intestinal chyme and decreased leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity but increased trypsin activity in the DI. No enteritis was observed in other diet groups, but small consistent negative soyasaponin effects were seen on lipid and fatty acid digestibility, faecal DM and LAP activity of the DI. Soyasaponin combination with RSM reduced digestibility of all nutrients including minerals. The mineral effect was also seen for SFM, whereas with MG and SFM a positive soyasaponin effect on feed intake was observed. Caution should be exercised to avoid ingredient combinations giving high saponin levels, a condition that appears to be a key factor in diet-induced enteritis together with certain plant ingredients.
Separating the Church from State: The Kenyan High Court's Decision in Jesse Kamau and 25 Others v Attorney General (Judgment of 24 May 2010)
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSection 66 of the 1963 Kenyan Constitution established the Kadhi's courts with the jurisdiction to determine “questions of Muslim law relating to personal status, marriage, divorce or inheritance in proceedings in which all the parties profess the Muslim religion”. 26 Christians petitioned the High Court and argued that section 66 was unconstitutional because it, inter alia, violated the principle of separation of Church and state. The court found in their favour and held that Kenya is a secular state, that section 66 violated the doctrine of separation of state and Church, and that it was discriminatory and contrary to section 82 of the constitution which prohibits discrimination. This note gives the facts of the case, the issues before the court and the court's decision. It also analyses the court's decision.
Delayed cochlear implantation after surgical labyrinthectomy
Authors: Osborn H A , Yeung R , Lin V Y W 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:Cochlear implantation has been used to rehabilitate profoundly deafened adults for more than 25 years. However, surgical labyrinthectomy is often considered a contraindication to cochlear implantation, especially if there is a significant delay between the two procedures. As the role of cochlear implantation continues to expand, this idea requires reconsideration.Case report:A 59-year-old woman presented to our clinic after undergoing bilateral surgical labyrinthectomies for intractable Ménière's disease 21 years prior. Despite the significant time delay, she underwent cochlear implantation with a good audiological outcome and improved quality of life.Conclusion:Changes to the cochlea and vestibule following surgical labyrinthectomy include cochlear ossification and obliteration of the vestibule. These issues have been thought to limit the potential for cochlear implantation, especially when there is a significant delay between the two procedures. However, delayed cochlear implantation, even decades after labyrinthectomy, remains a viable treatment option which can benefit selected patients.
ThePraetoriumof Edmund Artis: A Summary of Excavations and Surveys of the Palatial Roman Structure at Castor, Cambridgeshire 1828–2010
Authors: Upex Stephen G. , Challands Adrian , Hall Jackie , Jackson Ralph , Peacock David , Wild Felicity C. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAntiquarian and modern excavations at Castor, Cambs., have been taking place since the seventeenth century. The site, which lies under the modern village, has been variously described as a Roman villa, a guild centre and a palace, while Edmund Artis working in the 1820s termed it the ‘Praetorium’. The Roman buildings covered an area of 3.77 ha (9.4 acres) and appear to have had two main phases, the latter of which formed a single unified structure some 130 by 90 m. This article attempts to draw together all of the previous work at the site and provide a comprehensive plan, a set of suggested dates, and options on how the remains could be interpreted.
Canada’s Aging Population (1986) Redux
Authors: McDaniel Susan A. , Rozanova Julia 
Published: September 2011

RÉSUMÉCanada’s Aging Population par Susan McDaniel était le livre inaugurale dans la série Butterworths sur le vieillissement dans les années 1980. Ceci a ouvert une industrie d’expansion dans la recherche sur le vieillissement. Maintenant, on sait beaucoup plus sur les processus – à la fois individuels et collectives – qui font partie du vieillissement. Maintenant, on peut faire des projections plus fiables de la population future. Cela dit, les mythes et les malentendus persistent – en particulier sur les implications politiques du vieillissement de la population. Il semble que les mêmes craintes et les mêmes angoisses se répètent maintes fois. Il reste une déconnexion entre nos connaissances croissantes au sujet de la population et les médias ou les réponses politiques.
Insights into subtle conformational differences in the substrate-binding loop of fungal 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: a combined structural and kinetic approach
Authors: Cassetta Alberto , Krastanova Ivet , Kristan Katja , Brunskole Švegelj Mojca , Lamba Doriano , Lanišnik Rižner Tea , Stojan Jure 
Published: September 2011

The 17β-HSD (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) from the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus lunatus (17β-HSDcl) is a NADP(H)-dependent enzyme that preferentially catalyses the interconversion of inactive 17-oxo-steroids and their active 17β-hydroxy counterparts. 17β-HSDcl belongs to the SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) superfamily. It is currently the only fungal 17β-HSD member that has been described and represents one of the model enzymes of the cP1 classical subfamily of NADPH-dependent SDR enzymes. A thorough crystallographic analysis has been performed to better understand the structural aspects of this subfamily and provide insights into the evolution of the HSD enzymes. The crystal structures of the 17β-HSDcl apo, holo and coumestrol-inhibited ternary complex, and the active-site Y167F mutant reveal subtle conformational differences in the substrate-binding loop that probably modulate the catalytic activity of 17β-HSDcl. Coumestrol, a plant-derived non-steroidal compound with oestrogenic activity, inhibits 17β-HSDcl [IC50 2.8 μM; at 100 μM substrate (4-oestrene-3,17-dione)] by occupying the putative steroid-binding site. In addition to an extensive hydrogen-bonding network, coumestrol binding is stabilized further by π–π stacking interactions with Tyr212. A stopped-flow kinetic experiment clearly showed the coenzyme dissociation as the slowest step of the reaction and, in addition to the low steroid solubility, it prevents the accumulation of enzyme–coenzyme–steroid ternary complexes.