bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of tropical and subtropical modes of climate variability on precipitation in Mozambique
Authors: Chongue Luis Adriano , Nishii Kazuaki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigated relationships between year‐to‐year variability in precipitation in the rainy season in Mozambique and major modes of climate variability in the Tropics and subtropics. The Niño3.4 index was strongly negatively correlated with precipitation in Mozambique's southern and central regions. We suggest that Rossby wave propagation reaching Southern Africa from the tropical Pacific is key to the relationship between precipitation in Mozambique and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Subtropical Indian Ocean Dipole did not lead rainy‐season precipitation, but showed a simultaneous correlation with precipitation in southern, central and northeastern regions. Benguela Niño was found to have a significant positive lead correlation by 6 months with precipitation in the southern, central and northwestern regions. In contrast, Indian Ocean Dipole led precipitation in the southern, central and northeastern regions by 3 months. Overall, the modes of climate variability exerted stronger control over precipitation variability in southern and central Mozambique, and weaker control in northern Mozambique, particularly in the northwestern region.
High‐intensity rainfall over northeast India: Spatial pattern, short‐term fluctuations and associated multiscale oscillations
Authors: Das Sunit , Mohapatra Mrutyunjay , Sahoo Uttam K. , Baisya Himadri 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNortheast India (NEI) receives most of its rainfall in the southwest monsoon (SWM) season. The region is known to have frequent and persistent rainfall events of high intensities and the region is vulnerable to potential high‐impact meteorological events. This study analyses observed daily rainfall data for the SWM months (JJAS) during 1991–2020 to better understand the climatology of high‐intensity rainfall (HIR) occurrences and their persistence. The agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis has delineated four distinct clusters and Cramer's t test indicates no significant fluctuations at 5% significant level in the HIR events in these clusters. ERA‐5 reanalysis data have been used to find the moisture transport for synoptic‐scale (3–7 days), quasi‐bi‐weekly oscillations (10–20 days) and intraseasonal oscillations (30–60 days) for each cluster. Under positive synoptic‐scale phases, HIR in the clusters on southern latitudes of NEI occurs due to moisture incursion from the Bay of Bengal from southwesterlies at 850 hPa, and in the clusters on the northern latitudes, it is primarily due to westerlies. For, quasi‐bi‐weekly oscillations, westerlies at 850 hPa are favourable for moisture transport in most of the clusters during its positive phase. On the other hand, for positive phase of intraseasonal oscillations, westerlies at 850 hPa dominate the moisture transport in all the clusters. Also, most of the HIR events occur whenever Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is in phase 1 and 2 with higher amplitude (RMM ≥1).
Study of green‐coloured gems of the Roman period from the collections of the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki (Greece) and their possible geographic origin
Authors: Nikopoulou Maria , Karampelas Stefanos , Tsangaraki Evangelia , Papadopoulou Lambrini , Katsifas Christos , Nazlis Ioannis , Touloumtzidou Annareta , Melfos Vasilios , Kantiranis Nikolaos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study of gems in jewellery of the Roman period from known archaeological contexts may provide valuable information for the trading routes of gems in antiquity, the techniques of their manufacture and decoration, the popularity of certain gems or their relation to a specific type of jewellery. Moreover, by the correct identification of these gems, the museum will better inform its public. In the present work, 19 green‐coloured gems, which were integral parts of 14 Roman jewellery pieces, dated between the first and fourth century CE, from the collections of the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki in Greece, were studied. Most samples were found during rescue excavations in western and eastern Roman cemeteries of Thessaloniki, while one was found in Edessa, a city in northern Greece. All samples were investigated by using strictly non‐destructive techniques, for example, optical microscope as well as Raman and Vis‐NIR mobile instruments. For the chemical characterisation of the samples, micro‐EDXRF was used. Seventeen samples were identified as natural emeralds with characteristics similar to emeralds that originate from Egypt. Among the studied samples, a natural chrome chalcedony and an artificial glass were also identified. The geographic origin of the artificial glass is unknown and that of chrome chalcedony is under discussion with Turkey being the most possible source.
Evodiamine and its nano‐based approaches for enhanced cancer therapy: recent advances and challenges
Authors: Solanki Raghu , Patel Sunita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvodiamine is a bioactive alkaloid extracted from the Evodia rutaecarpa plant. It has various pharmacological effects including anti‐cancer, anti‐bacterial, anti‐obesity, anti‐neurodegenerative, anti‐depressant, and cardiac protective properties. Evodiamine demonstrates potent anti‐cancer activity by inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Despite the health‐promoting properties of evodiamine, its clinical use is hindered by low water solubility, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. Thus, there is a need to develop alternative drug delivery systems for evodiamine to enhance its solubility, permeability, and stability, as well as to facilitate targeted, prolonged, and controlled drug release. Nanocarriers can increase the therapeutic potential of evodiamine in cancer therapy while reducing adverse side effects. To date, numerous attempts have been made through the development of smart nanocarriers to overcome the drawbacks of evodiamine. This review focuses on the pharmacological applications, anti‐cancer mechanisms, and limitations of evodiamine. Various nanocarriers, including lipid‐based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, cyclodextrins, and so forth, have been discussed extensively for evodiamine delivery. Nano‐drug delivery systems could increase the solubility, bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of evodiamine. This review aims to present a comprehensive and critical evaluation of several nano‐formulations of evodiamine for cancer therapy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The adaptability and irrigation constraints analysis of the WOFOST model for grain production in the Songhua River Basin
Authors: Li Guanghua , Chen Wei , Cui Yafeng , Wang Han , Chi Yanbing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Songhua River Basin, a vital grain‐producing area in China, faces challenges due to the uneven distribution of water resources and the intensive water demands of agriculture. To enhance agricultural development and effectively manage water scarcity, it is essential to identify the water‐saving potential of major staple crops – corn, wheat, and rice. This study enhances the World Food Studies (WOFOST) model by refining the day of year for the developmental vegetative stage (DVS), thereby improving the representation of phenological stages for spring maize, spring wheat, and rice within the model. This refinement offers a detailed analysis of the potential and rainfed yields.RESULTSThe results from the modified WOFOST model show promising simulation outcomes for the biomass and yield of maize, wheat, and rice, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NS) and index of agreement (IoA) values all exceeding 0.7. An analysis of photothermal potential yields (Yp) and rainfed yields (Yr) revealed minimal differences in yields for spring maize and rice across various rainfall frequencies. Specifically, the average photothermal utilization rates (LTs) are 93.57% for maize and 85.25% for rice. In contrast, the rainfed yield for wheat is lower than its photothermal yield, with an LT of 43.66%.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that in the Songhua River Basin, maize and rice offer greater potential for water conservation compared to wheat. It is recommended to judiciously reduce irrigation during the growing seasons of spring maize and rice to help alleviate agricultural water use pressures. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Separation of bufadienolides from Helleborus thibetanus Franch. by a combination approach involving macroporous resin column chromatography and gradient countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Guo Jinxing , Chen Feng , Zhang Wenzhen , Bai Huiyuan , Li Luqi , Ma Yatuan , Yang Zhi 
Published: June 2024

In this study, a combination approach involving macroporous resin (MR) column chromatography and gradient countercurrent chromatography (CCC) was employed to enrich and purify bufadienolides from the roots and rhizomes of Helleborus thibetanus Franch. Initially, a D101 MR‐packed column chromatography was utilized for fractionation and enrichment of the bufadienolides, which were effectively eluted from the column using a 60% ethanol solution. CCC was subsequently introduced to separate the enriched product using the ethyl acetate/n‐butanol/water (EBuWat, 4:1:5, v/v) and EBuWat (5:0:5, v/v) solvent systems in a gradient elution mode. As results, five bufadienolides, including 6.1 mg of hellebrigenin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (1), 2.2 mg of tigencaoside A (2), 8.3 mg of deglucohellebrin (3), 3.5 mg of 14 β‐hydroxy‐3β‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)oxy]‐5α‐bufa‐20,22‐dienolide (4), and 3.0 mg of 14β‐hydroxy‐3β‐[(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)oxy]‐5α‐bufa‐20,22‐dienolide (5), were effectively separated from 300 mg of the enriched product. The respective high‐performance liquid chromatography purities were as follows: 95.2%, 75.8%, 85.7%, 82.3%, and 92.8%. This study provides valuable insights for the efficient enrichment and separation of bufadienolides from Helleborus thibetanus Franch.
Post‐Tonsillectomy Bleeding and Analgesic Use Before and After the FDA Boxed Warning Against Codeine
Authors: Cottone Chloe , Vijay Arunima , Chalamgari Anjalika , Carr Michele M. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the trends in post‐tonsillectomy analgesic utility and incidence of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage before and after the 2013 FDA Boxed Warning against codeine use after pediatric tonsillectomy.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using TriNetX. A search for patients up to 18 years from 2008 to 2022 within the US Collaborative Network identified 15,648,542 subjects. CPT and ICD‐10 codes were used to identify children who experienced post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage within 14 days of a tonsillectomy. Analgesics given within 14 days of tonsillectomy were tabulated annually from 2008 to 2022, including codeine, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, oxycodone, ketorolac, and hydrocodone. Bleeding percentage and analgesic utility were grouped into events before and after 2013.ResultsMean age at tonsillectomy was 5.6 years (SD = 3.0). Before 2013, the median percentage of children who experienced postoperative bleeding was 1.8% with 0.73% returning to the OR for bleeding control. After 2013, the median percentage of children who experienced postoperative bleeding was 2.4% (p = 0.029), and 0.99% returned to the OR (p = 0.008). Use of post‐tonsillectomy codeine fell from 10.4% to 0.5% (p = 0.003) whereas ibuprofen rose from 2.0% to 63.9% (p = <0.001), acetaminophen from 42.8% to 77.2% (p = <0.001), ketorolac from 1.2% to 9.2% (p = <0.001), and oxycodone from 2.0% to 30.9% (p = <0.001). No change was detected in use of hydrocodone.ConclusionAnalgesics used post‐tonsillectomy in children have changed since the FDA Boxed Warning against codeine. There has been a small but statistically significant increase in post‐tonsillectomy bleeding.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4783–4788, 2024
Dynamic Inverse Design of Broadband Metasurfaces with Synthetical Neural Networks
Authors: Jia Yuetian , Fan Zhixiang , Qian Chao , del Hougne Philipp , Chen Hongsheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor over 35 years of research, the debate about the systematic compositionality of neural networks remains unchanged, arguing that existing artificial neural networks are inadequate cognitive models. Recent advancements in deep learning have significantly shaped the landscape of popular domains, however, the systematic combination of previously trained neural networks remains an open challenge. This study presents how to dynamically synthesize a neural network for the design of broadband electromagnetic metasurfaces. The underlying mechanism relies on an assembly network to adaptively integrate pre‐trained inherited networks in a transparent manner that corresponds to the metasurface assembly in physical space. This framework is poised to curtail data requirements and augment network flexibility, promising heightened practical utility in complex composition‐based tasks. Importantly, the intricate coupling effects between different metasurface segments are accurately captured. The approach for two broadband metasurface inverse design problems is exemplified, reaching accuracies of 96.7% and 95.5%. Along the way, the importance of suitably formatting the spectral data is highlighted to capture sharp spectral features. This study marks a significant leap forward in inheriting pre‐existing knowledge in neural‐network‐based inverse design, improving its adaptability for applications involving dynamically evolving tasks.
Utility of ultra‐high‐field magnetic resonance imaging in the detection and management of brain metastases
Authors: Ghaderi Sadegh , Mohammadi Sana 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis letter discusses the clinical utility of ultra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 Tesla (7T) for the detection and management of brain metastases. Brain metastases are the most common intracranial tumors and their early detection and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Conventional MRI may miss subtle lesions, and 7T provides unprecedented anatomical details with high spatial resolution and improved contrast. It allows the visualization of fine tumor structures and margins, as well as early infiltration and angiogenesis. Techniques such as susceptibility‐weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping exploit the 7T increased sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility effects, facilitating the detection of additional small or hemorrhagic lesions. Advanced methods have also provided novel neuroimaging biomarkers that characterize neuroinflammation and neurovascular changes. While acknowledging limitations including cost and technical challenges, earlier detection and targeted treatment informed by 7T MRI insights could minimize brain metastasis damage and improve patient outcomes.
Development of thermodynamic database of the Mn‐RE (RE = rare earth metals) binary systems
Authors: Ye Hongjian , Wang Jiang , Chen Qing , Rao Guanghui , Zhou Huaiying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, eight Mn‐RE (RE = Ce, Pr, Sm, Tb, Er, Tm, Lu, and Y) binary systems were reassessed thermodynamically by the CALPHAD method based on the reported optimizations and experimental information. Self‐consistent thermodynamic parameters to describe Gibbs energies of various phases in eight Mn‐RE binary systems were obtained. The calculated phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of eight Mn‐RE binary systems are in good accordance with the experimental results. Furthermore, phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of 13 Mn‐RE (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, and Y) binary systems were discussed systematically in combination with the present calculations and the reported optimizations. A trend was found for the variation of phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of the Mn‐RE binary systems. In general, as the RE atomic number increases, the enthalpies of mixing of liquid alloys as well as the enthalpies of formation of the intermetallic compounds become increasingly negative, and the formation temperatures of the intermetallic compounds become higher. The results provide a complete set of self‐consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Mn‐RE binary systems, and a thermodynamic database of 13 Mn‐RE binary systems was finally achieved.
Optimal design of high‐performance rare‐earth‐free wrought magnesium alloys using machine learning
Authors: Li Shaojie , Dong Zaixing , Jin Jianfeng , Pan Hucheng , Hu Zongqing , Hou Rui , Qin Gaowu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, a small dataset of 370 datapoints of Mg alloys are selected for machine learning (ML), in which each datapoint includes five rare‐earth‐free alloying elements (Ca, Zn, Al, Mn and Sn), three extrusion parameters (extrusion speed, temperature and ratio), and three mechanical properties (yield strength [YS], ultimate tensile strength [UTS] and elongation [EL]). The ML algorithms, including support vector machine regression (SVR), artificial neural network, and other three methods, are employed, and the SVR has the best performance in predicting mechanical properties based on the components, and process parameters, with the mean absolute percentage error of YS, UTS, and EL being 6.34%, 4.19%, and 13.64% in the test set, respectively. The SVR model combined with multi‐objective genetic algorithm are successfully used to optimize mechanical properties of four extruded alloys from Mg‐Ca, Mg‐Ca‐Zn, Mg‐Ca‐Mn‐Sn, and Mg‐Ca‐Al‐Zn‐Mn series alloys, respectively, and the corresponding experimental results are in good agreement with the designed ones. Furthermore, new composition schemes are proposed from a wider range of elements and processing features to match the objectives of high‐strength, strength–ductility balanced, and high‐ductility Mg alloys, and the four‐, five‐ and six‐element alloying schemes are provided for the candidates of new‐generation wrought Mg alloys.
Composite fault mechanism and vibration characteristics of high‐speed train axle‐box bearings
Authors: Zhao Weixu , Liu Yongqiang , Wang Baosen , Liao Yingying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAxle‐box bearings are crucial components of high‐speed trains and operate in challenging conditions. As service mileage increases, these bearings are susceptible to various failures, posing a safety risk to high‐speed train operations. Thus, it is crucial to examine the deployment methods of axle‐box bearings. A dynamic model of axle‐box bearings for high‐speed trains with compound faults is constructed by setting up separate faults in two rows of double‐row tapered roller bearings based on a single‐fault model. The model's high accuracy in expressing compound faults is verified through corresponding experimental results. Then, the frequency domain diagram of system vibration response under varying rotational speed conditions is obtained, and the amplitude corresponding to the single frequency is extracted and analyzed to identify the optimal rotational speed band for composite fault diagnosis. Finally, the optimal speed band is analyzed under different faults, different load sizes, and different composite fault types. It can be concluded that the determination of the optimal speed band is solely influenced by the composite fault type and is independent of the fault and load sizes. Finally, it is concluded that the energy proportion of faults in different positions changes periodically with the change in speed, and this phenomenon is not affected by the fault sizes or load magnitude.
Positional contrastive learning for improved thigh muscle segmentation in MR images
Authors: Casali Nicola , Scalco Elisa , Taccogna Maria Giovanna , Lauretani Fulvio , Porcelli Simone , Ciuni Andrea , Mastropietro Alfonso , Rizzo Giovanna 
Published: June 2024

The accurate segmentation of individual muscles is essential for quantitative MRI analysis of thigh images. Deep learning methods have achieved state‐of‐the‐art results in segmentation, but they require large numbers of labeled data to perform well. However, labeling individual thigh muscles slice by slice for numerous volumes is a laborious and time‐consuming task, which limits the availability of annotated datasets. To address this challenge, self‐supervised learning (SSL) emerges as a promising technique to enhance model performance by pretraining the model on unlabeled data. A recent approach, called positional contrastive learning, exploits the information given by the axial position of the slices to learn features transferable on the segmentation task. The aim of this work was to propose positional contrastive SSL for the segmentation of individual thigh muscles from MRI acquisitions in a population of elderly healthy subjects and to evaluate it on different levels of limited annotated data. An unlabeled dataset of 72 T1w MRI thigh acquisitions was available for SSL pretraining, while a labeled dataset of 52 volumes was employed for the final segmentation task, split into training and test sets. The effectiveness of SSL pretraining to fine‐tune a U‐Net architecture for thigh muscle segmentation was compared with that of a randomly initialized model (RND), considering an increasing number of annotated volumes (S = 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40). Our results demonstrated that SSL yields substantial improvements in Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) when using a very limited number of labeled volumes (e.g., for
= 1, DSC 0.631 versus 0.530 for SSL and RND, respectively). Moreover, enhancements are achievable even when utilizing the full number of labeled subjects, with DSC = 0.927 for SSL and 0.924 for RND. In conclusion, positional contrastive SSL was effective in obtaining more accurate thigh muscle segmentation, even with a very low number of labeled data, with a potential impact of speeding up the annotation process in clinics.
Diachronic changes in dental health of Bronze Age rural populations from Nahal Refaim, Israel
Authors: Chocholova Eva , Smith Patricia , Eisenberg Emmanuel , Horwitz Liora Kolska , Drozdova Eva 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present the results of a study of dental pathology (specifically dental wear, caries, dental calculus, and enamel hypoplasia) carried out on 1108 teeth and empty alveoli of Bronze Age human populations that inhabited the rural settlement of Nahal Refaim, on the outskirts of the city of Jerusalem. The remains derive from a tomb complex that spans three phases of the period; Intermediate Bronze Age and the Middle Bronze Age I and Middle Bronze Age II village that replaced them (ca. 2500–1550 BC).Dental pathology can reflect diet and therefore offers a unique insight into the lifeways of past populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which the dental health of this rural population was influenced by the far‐reaching socioeconomic changes associated with the regional shift to urbanism by the Middle Bronze Age II. Although constrained by small sample sizes, we found that the pattern of dental pathology varied in a nonlinear fashion over time and discuss the factors that may have attributed to this variation.