bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The defences of culture’
Authors: Lachs Manfred 
Published: July 2010

The General Conference of Unesco at its twenty‐second session (October‐November 1983) adopted a resolution which recognized that 1985 ‘marks the fortieth anniversary of the end of the Second World War, the most devastating and bloody of all wars, that cost the lives of over fifty million human beings and annihilated untold riches brought into being by the labour of many generations’. The resolution called upon Member States to commemorate this anniversary and recommended that Unesco take part in the commemoration as well. Museum is happy to be associated with this initiative, thanks to the contributions of two distinguished Soviet colleagues, Irina Antonova and Boris Piotrovsky.These two articles take us back graphically to those years of reconstruction and hope, when profound shock at the damage suffered by the cultural heritage moved whole nations to rebuild their shattered cities and the international community to define Unesco's first international normative instrument in the cultural field. Adopted at The Hague on 14 May 1954, the Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict marked the culmination of twentieth‐century efforts to safeguard unique historic or artistic treasures from the ravages of war.The Convention sets out in great detail the specific problems raised by the protection of the cultural heritage and lays down practical measures to solve them. Yet it has been acceded to or accepted by only seventy‐three states. Wars and acts of military aggression continue to impoverish the collective memory of humanity, destroying masterpieces of its creative genius and laying waste to the ancient fabric of its cities, as the destructive power of military technology daily assumes more awesome proportions.So this year's commemoration must also serve as a sobering reminder of the very considerable efforts still needed to be made, an uphill struggle to ‘build in the minds of men the defences of culture’ as Dr Manfred Lachs, Judge at the International Court of Justice, The Hague, has paraphrased the famous sentence in the Preamble to Unesco's Constitution (‘That since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed’). He was delivering an address at Unesco Headquarters on 14 May 1984, at a ceremony held on the thirtieth anniversary of the Hague Convention. An extract from his address is reproduced below.
Aux États‐Unis d'Amérique, les bénévoles sont les chefs de file
Authors: Sharp Mary Naquin , Schremp Magda 
Published: July 2010

Cela fait longtemps que les bénévoles jouent un rôle dans la vie muséale nord‐américaine et ils sont aujourd'hui considérés comme les éléments indispensables d'un musée bien géré. Aux États‐Unis d'Amérique, on les retrouve à la direction des boutiques, aux stands d'information: ils orientent les visiteurs, s'occupent des jardins ou mènent campagne pour collecter des finds. Cet article illustre leurs activités et leurs méthodes de travail; il se fonde sur les éléments fournis par Mary Naquin Sharp, du Comité des femmes bénévoles du musée des beaux‐arts de Baltimore; par Magda Schremp, directrice des programmes de visites guidées au Musée d'histoire naturelle de la Smithsonian Institution et par le comité de la Galerie de location de l'Association pour le musée d'Indianapolis.Pour tout renseignement complémentaire, prière d'écrire à Mme Mary Naquin Sharp, Women's Volunteer Committee, The Baltimore Museum of Art, Art Museum Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, États‐Unis d'Amérique.
Catégorie socioprofessionnelle, identité, engagement social et usage des médias. Analyse d'une dynamique complexe
Authors: LAFLAMME SIMON , ROGGERO PASCAL , SOUTHCOTT CHRIS 
Published: July 2010

Cet article examine la relation entre le secteur dans lequel les individus travaillent et le niveau de leur profession, d'une part, et, d'autre part, le rapport qu'ils entretiennent avec les médias, y compris Internet, en fonction des usages qu'ils en font. Il se penche aussi sur l'identité sociale, en mettant diverses manifestations en relation avec la manière dont les individus vivent leur rapport aux médias. Il remet en question l'hypothèse d'une forte association entre le niveau professionnel et le rapport aux médias. Il met en évidence des phénomènes complexes d'homogénéisation et de différenciation sociales. Les données proviennent d'un échantillon de travailleurs qui ont répondu à un questionnaire centré sur le rapport aux médias.This article examines the link between the domain and level of occupation, on the one hand, and use of media, including internet, on the other. It adds to this investigation an analysis of identity in its relation to media use and accessibility. It challenges the hypothesis of a strong correlation between level of occupation and use and accessibility to media. It reveals complex phenomena of social homogenization and differentiation. Data is extracted from a sample of workers who completed a questionnaire which focused on use of media.
High Prevalence of Clarithromycin-Resistant
Helicobacter pylori
Strains and Risk Factors Associated with Resistance in Madrid, Spain
Authors: Agudo Sonia , Pérez-Pérez Guillermo , Alarcón Teresa , López-Brea Manuel 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Clarithromycin is one of the antibiotics used for the treatment of
Helicobacter pylori
infections, and clarithromycin resistance is the most important factor when it comes to predicting eradication failure. The present study analyzed
H. pylori
isolates for the presence of 23S rRNA gene mutations and determined the risk factors associated with resistance among
H. pylori
isolates collected in Madrid, Spain, in 2008. We studied 118
H. pylori
strains isolated from the same number of patients. A total of 76.3% of the patients were born in Spain, 52.7% were children, 20.3% had previously been treated, and 66.1% were female. Clarithromycin resistance was determined by Etest.
H. pylori
strains were considered resistant if the MIC was ≥1 mg/liter. DNA extraction was carried out by use of the NucliSens easyMAG platform with NucliSens magnetic extraction reagents (bioMérieux). The DNA sequences of the 23S rRNA genes of clarithromycin-resistant and -sensitive strains were determined to identify specific point mutations. The
vacA
genotype and
cagA
status were determined by PCR. We found that 42 (35.6%) strains were resistant to clarithromycin by Etest. Etest results were confirmed by detection of the presence of point mutations in 34 (88.1%) of these strains. Eight
H. pylori
strains were resistant to clarithromycin by Etest but did not have a point mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. Mutation at A2143G was found in 85.3% of the strains, mutation at A2142G in 8.8%, and mutation at T2182C in 5.9%. Dual mutations were found in 8.8% of the strains.
H. pylori
clarithromycin-resistant strains were strongly associated with pediatric patients, with patients born in Spain, and with patients who had previously been treated (
P
≤ 0.02). In addition,
H. pylori
strains resistant to clarithromycin more frequently presented the
vacA s2
/
m2
genotype and were more likely to be
cagA
negative than susceptible strains (39.1% and 11.2%, respectively;
P
value < 0.001). We concluded that, in the present study,
H. pylori
clarithromycin-resistant strains are more frequently found in children, in patients mostly born in Spain, and in individuals who were previously treated for
H. pylori
infection and that these individuals are more likely colonized with a less virulent
H. pylori
strain.
The ITK-SYK Fusion Oncogene Induces a T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disease in Mice Mimicking Human Disease
Authors: Dierks Christine , Adrian Francisco , Fisch Paul , Ma Hong , Maurer Helga , Herchenbach Dieter , Forster Christine Ulrike , Sprissler Clara , Liu Guoxun , Rottmann Sabine , Guo Gui-Rong , Katja Zirlik , Veelken Hendrik , Warmuth Markus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPeripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) constitute a major treatment problem with high mortality rates due to the minimal effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy. Recent findings identified ITK-SYK as the first recurrent translocation in 17% of unspecified PTCLs and showed the overexpression of SYK in more than 90% of PTCLs. Here, we show that the expression of ITK-SYK in the bone marrow of BALB/c mice causes a T-cell lymphoproliferative disease in all transplanted mice within 8 weeks after transplantation. The disease was characterized by the infiltration of spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and skin with CD3+CD4+CD8− and CD3+CD4−CD8− ITK-SYK–positive T-cells accompanied by a systemic inflammatory reaction with upregulation of interleukin 5 and INF-γ. ITK-SYK–positive T-cells showed enhanced apoptosis resistance and INF-γ production in vitro. The disease was serially transplantable, inducing clonal T-cell expansion in secondary recipients. The action of ITK-SYK in vivo was dependent on SYK kinase activity and disease development could be inhibited by the treatment of mice with SYK inhibitors. Interestingly, the translocation of ITK-SYK from the membrane to the cytoplasm, using a point mutation in the pleckstrin homology domain (ITK-SYK R29C), did not abolish, but rather, enhanced disease development in transplanted mice. CBL binding was strongly enhanced in membrane-associated ITK-SYK E42K and was causative for delayed disease development. Our results show that ITK-SYK causes a T-cell lymphoproliferative disease in mice, supporting its role in T-cell lymphoma development in humans. Therefore, pharmacologic inhibition of SYK in patients with U-PTCLs carrying the ITK-SYK fusion protein might be an effective treatment strategy. Cancer Res; 70(15); 6193–204. ©2010 AACR.
Philo and Greek Poets
Authors: Koskenniemi Erkki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhilo's manner of quoting and referring to Greek poets has never been systematically investigated. This article shows how Philo often quotes Homer, but also Hesiod, Solon, Pindaros and Theognis. He knows the poets as well any Greek writer. In most cases, Philo quotes the verses exactly as we have them from other sources, preserving all the dialectic peculiarities. However, he may correct the quotation theologically, make a mistake or drop a line, and sometimes he might have learned a text that differed from ours. He often cleverly gives the words a new sense and makes them speak for his own view, following the manner of the Stoics. Philo's works allow us a glimpse the learned circles of the Alexandrian Jews. Philo had memorized poets in gymnasium. He hardly lost the contact to them after his early years, but allowed them to entertain him and his friends during his lifetime.
Surface-Mediated Design and Catalytic Properties of Active Metal Complexes for Advanced Catalysis Creation
Authors: Tada Mizuki 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Molecular-scale design of catalytically active structures at oxide surfaces is highlighted, focusing on our recent challenges for selective heterogeneous catalysis. We found novel structural transformations of supported metal complexes on oxide surfaces and achieved unique selective catalysis for various chemical syntheses. In this account, the advanced design of supported metal-complex catalysts on oxide surfaces and the in situ characterization of their structural kinetics, which means kinetics of structural changes of catalysts themselves, under catalyst-working conditions are reviewed.
Glutathione Nanosphere: Self-Assembly of Conformation-Regulated Trigonal-Glutathiones in Water
Authors: Matsuura Kazunori , Fujino Keisuke , Teramoto Takeshi , Murasato Kazuya , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A novel trigonal conjugate of glutathiones with a 1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)-2,4,6-triethylbenzene core was synthesized and its self-assembling behavior was investigated in water. Three glutathione units were regulated to orient on the same side of the benzene ring, through steric repulsions between ethyl groups attached on the benzene core. Concentration dependence of 1H NMR chemical shifts in D2O revealed formation of molecular assemblies with two affinity constants (Ka = 4.75 × 102 and 6.76 × 104 M−1), which reflect stepwise assembly directed by electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding. In scanning electron microscopy, hard spherical assemblies with the size of 310 ± 50 nm were observed at high concentration (10 mM), whereas slightly disordered spherical assemblies were obtained at lower concentrations. The spherical assemblies self-assembled from the conformation-regulated trigonal glutathiones showed regular morphology and enhanced rigidity compared to those formed from conformationally non-regulated trigonal glutathiones.
Subpicosecond UV-pump and IR-probe Spectroscopy of 9-Fluorenone in Deuterated Acetonitrile and Methanol
Authors: Hirai Satori , Banno Motohiro , Ohta Kaoru , Palit Dipak K , Tominaga Keisuke 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The vibrational dynamics of the CO stretching mode of 9-fluorenone (FL) in CD3CN and CD3OD were studied by sub-picosecond UV-pump and IR-probe spectroscopy. We found that the CO stretching band is blue-shifted by hydrogen-bond formation in the S1 state but red-shifted in the S0 state. In both CD3CN and CD3OD, the time evolution of the transient absorption spectrum was observed on a picosecond time scale, likely because of vibrational cooling and hydrogen-bond dynamics.
Synthesis of Boron-containing CDS-1 Zeolite by Topotactic Dehydration–Condensation of [B]-PLS-1 Prepared from Layered Silicate H-LDS
Authors: Komura Kenichi , Murase Tomoyuki , Sugi Yoshihiro , Koketsu Mamoru 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Boron-containing CDS-1 zeolite with CDO topology can be obtained from the layered borosilicate PLS-1 which was prepared from layered silicate H-LDS by dry-gel conversion. Pure crystals of [B]-PLS-1 can be formed in the range of Si/B ratio from ∞ to 280.
Spray Drift Reduction Technology Adjuvant Evaluation
Authors: Elsik Curtis M. , Stridde Howard M. , Schweiner Tammy M. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Twelve commercial drift reduction agents were evaluated for their characteristics in the three most commonly accepted parameters for spray droplet size formation—extensional viscosity, dynamic surface tension, and kinematic viscosity. Samples were sprayed in both water and in the presence of a commercial herbicide formulation. The spray droplet spectra for these agents were then determined under rigorous control, in still-air conditions, using a Sympatec HELOS/KF laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Spraying an actual pesticide formulation that contains a wetting agent is important because the surfactant present reduces dynamic surface tension and can significantly reduce spray droplet diameter. The aerosol particle size distributions were measured using an electronic actuator that moved the nozzle spray pattern through the laser in a reproducible manner. There are multiple mechanisms that can influence both volume mean diameter and percent fines below 105 microns. There are natural and synthetic water-soluble polymers that function by increasing extensional viscosity. There are oil products that produce emulsions that keep small spray drops from forming. The droplet spectra for the different commercial products were grouped according to their specific drift reduction mechanism in order to see if a better correlation could be made on how they individually affected the resulting droplet particle size distribution.
The Evolution of Microstructure and Deformation Stability in Zr–Nb–(Sn,Fe) Alloys Under Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Shishov V. N. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
A review is given on the effect of neutron irradiation on the microstructure and properties of Zr–Nb and Zr–Nb–Fe (Sn,O) alloys. The in-reactor performance of Zr alloys is dependent on their composition and microstructure, and even small changes in the composition and processing lead to substantial changes in properties as a result of evolution of precipitates and matrix composition. The development of a new generation of alloys of Zr–Nb–Fe (Sn,O) system (that show higher resistance to the irradiation-induced growth, creep, and corrosion) required an examination of their microstructure during the manufacturing process and evolution after neutron irradiation. The basic irradiation phenomena involve irradiation-induced damages (formation of the a- and c-component dislocations) and redistribution of alloying elements. The influence produced by precipitates containing Zr, Nb, and particularly Fe on the properties under irradiation is demonstrated. Relationships between composition, microstructure, and irradiation-induced growth of the Zr–Nb–Fe–Sn are described. An increased content of iron (over limit of the solubility) in Zr–Nb alloys leads to lower irradiation growth and creep and to strengthening of the matrix as a result of Fe leaving Laves phase (HCP) particles with their transformation into β-Nb (bcc). β-Nb precipitates become depleted in niobium (or enriched in zirconium), and finely dispersed irradiation-induced secondary particles enriched in niobium are formed. The basic microstructures that illustrate neutron damage structures, precipitates instability, evolution, and irradiation growth are shown and discussed.
Flachheitsbasierter Entwurf linearer zeitvarianter SISO-Systeme
Authors: Zeitz Michael 
Published: July 2010

Zusammenfassung
Für lineare zeitvariante SISO-Systeme wird gezeigt, dass die differenzielle Flachheit mit den Koordinaten der Regler- und der Beobachter-Normalform verknüpft ist. Dies ermöglicht die Darstellung der zeitvarianten Ackermann-Formeln für den Regler- und Beobachter-Entwurf mithilfe des flachen Ausgangs bzw. Eingangs. Die Anwendung der vorgestellten Ergebnisse, die auch für den Sonderfall zeitinvarianter SISO-Systeme gelten, wird für das lineare zeitvariante Modell einer Verladebrücke erläutert.
Aging-aware Timing Analysis of Combinatorial Circuits on Gate Level
Authors: Lorenz Dominik , Georgakos Georg , Schlichtmann Ulf 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The presented aging analysis flow is able to calculate the degraded circuit timing on gate level. It is the first approach considering the impact of the two dominant drift-related aging effects — NBTI and HCI. Our proposed aging-aware gate model, AgeGate, is very accurate. It provides the degraded output slope in addition to the degraded gate delay, and it calculates individual parameter degradations for all transistors of a logic gate.
Resistin is associated with biomarkers of inflammation while total and high-molecular weight adiponectin are associated with biomarkers of inflammation, insulin resistance, and endothelial function
Authors: Fargnoli Jessica L , Sun Qi , Olenczuk Deanna , Qi Lu , Zhu Ying , Hu Frank B , Mantzoros Christos S 
Published: July 2010

The authors and the journal apologise for an error in the funding section of this article published in 2010, vol 162, pp 281–288. The grant number that is listed as DK081923 is actually DK081913. The Funding section with the correct grant numbers is published in full below:FundingThis work was supported by the National Institute of Health (grants HL65582, HL60712, HL34594, DK58785, DK081913, DK79929, and DK58845), a discretionary grant from BIDMC, and a grant-in-aid by Tanita Corporation. Dr Hu is a recipient of the American Heart Association Established Investigator Award. Dr Sun is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Unilever Corporate Research.
The 1948 International Congress of Genetics in Sweden: People and Politics
Authors: Bengtsson Bengt O , Tunlid Anna 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The International Congresses have played an important role in the history of genetics. The Eighth International Congress, which in 1948 was held in Sweden, celebrated the conclusion of the war against Nazism and many new decisive scientific advances. It also signaled a hardening of the fight against Lysenkoism, which was growing in strength in the Soviet Union. A rare document is available from the Congress—an amateur film made by a young delegate, Nils Nybom. With its help a living description can be given of the scientific and political melees in which the delegates were involved.
Taste Alterations in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy: A Neglected Side Effect?
Authors: Zabernigg August , Gamper Eva-Maria , Giesinger Johannes M. , Rumpold Gerhard , Kemmler Georg , Gattringer Klaus , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara , Holzner Bernhard 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate the effect of various chemotherapy regimens on taste alterations.Investigate the effect of chemotherapy-induced taste alterations on patients and use available dietary approaches such as taste enhancement and substitution of proteins and nutrients of avoided food to improve quality of life.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.

Background.
Taste alterations (TAs) are a frequent but under-recognized treatment side effect in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy (CT). CT regimens with different toxicity profiles may vary in their impact on TAs, but research on this topic is lacking. This study assesses the prevalence of TAs and their relation to sociodemographic and clinical variables, especially CT regimens. Furthermore, the association between TAs and quality of life (QOL) is investigated.

Patients and Methods.
TAs and QOL data were collected longitudinally in 197 cancer patients (lung cancer, 54.3%; pancreatic cancer, 19.3%; colorectal cancer, 26.4%; age, 65.2 ±10.4 years; male, 57.4%) who were receiving CT at the Department of Internal Medicine at Kufstein County Hospital, giving rise to a total of 1,024 assessment times. Patients completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 questionnaire and two additional questions taken from the EORTC item bank concerning TAs. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed-effect models.

Results.
The study showed that the prevalence of TAs in chemotherapy patients is alarmingly high (69.9%). There were clear differences in TA scores among treatment groups: patients receiving irinotecan reported significantly more TAs than patients in other treatment groups; patients receiving a combination of gemcitabine and a platinum agent reported the lowest TAs. Additionally, significant associations between TAs and several QOL dimensions were found, especially with appetite loss and fatigue.

Conclusion.
The high prevalence of TAs and their impact on QOL in CT patients underscore the urgent need for increased attention to this side effect, both in research and in clinical practice.
Effects of Annual Grass Weeds on the Yield of Corn1
Authors: Staniforth David W. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCorn yield reductions resulting from mature foxtail infestations averaged 14, 10 and 5 bushels per acre respectively, with applications of 0, 70 and 140 pounds of elemental nitrogen per acre. Corn yields were increased 2 to 3 times more than foxtail by the fertilizer applications. Possible effects of uncontrolled factors are recognized.
Effect of Rate and Frequency of Applying Six Nitrogen Sources on Coastal Bermudagrass1
Authors: Burton Glenn W. , Jackson James E. 
Published: July 2010

SynopsisCoastal bermuda, fertilized for 5 years with 3 rates and 2 frequencies of nitrogen from ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate solution, anhydrous ammonia, urea‐ammonium nitrate solution, and urea gave relative hay yields of 100.0, 96.2, 98.3, 94.0, 92.3, and 81.3 and relative nitrogen recoveries of 100.0, 98.6, 95.2, 96.4, 86.1, and 74.0, respectively. In sand culture, Coastal bermuda utilized ammonia and nitrate nitrogen equally well. Spring lag in response to anhydrous ammonia was largely due to placement. Splitting nitrogen applications increased yields 0.6 to 1.2 tons per acre for all sources but anhydrous ammonia.