bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of laryngeal cancer cell death by Ent‐11‐hydroxy‐15‐oxo‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid
Authors: Vlantis Alexander C. , Lo Chun Shan , Chen George G. , Ci Liang Nian , Lui Vivian W. Y. , Wu Kefeng , Deng Yi Feng , Gong Xianling , Lu Yingnian , Tong Michael C. F. , van Hasselt C. Andrew 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground.Ent‐11‐hydroxy‐15‐oxo‐kaur‐16‐en‐19‐oic acid (5F) is known to exhibit antitumor activity, but its mechanism is not completely understood. 5F has not been tested in laryngeal cancer.Methods.Two laryngeal cancer cell lines were treated with 5F. Cell death was analyzed by MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiozol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and Annexin V assay. Nuclear factor kappa beta (NF‐κB)– and apoptosis‐related molecules were examined.Results.5F induced laryngeal cancer cell death in a dose‐dependent manner. The Annexin V assay and the measurement of cleavage of procaspase‐3 and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase demonstrated that the 5F‐induced cell death was mainly apoptotic. 5F slightly reduced the basal level of NF‐κB, but significantly suppressed the inducible NF‐κB by reducing its transcriptional activity, protecting its inhibitory subunit IκBα from degradation, and suppressing its level in the nucleus. 5F also inhibited pro‐proliferative and anti‐apoptotic molecules but promoted pro‐apoptotic Bax.Conclusions.5F induces apoptosis of laryngeal cancer cells by inhibiting NF‐κB activation/induction, suppressing pro‐proliferative and anti‐apoptotic molecules, and promoting pro‐apoptotic Bax. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
The involvement of hypophyseal‐gonadal and hypophyseal‐adrenal axes in arsenic‐mediated ovarian and uterine toxicity: Modulation by hCG
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sandip , Ghosh Debidas 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study evaluated the involvement of hypophyseal‐gonadal and hypophyseal‐adrenal axes as a possible mechanism of sodium arsenite toxicity in ovary and uterus by the coadministration of hCG. Subchronic treatment of 0.4 ppm of sodium arsenite/(100 g body weight day) via drinking water for seven estrous cycles significantly suppressed the plasma levels of leutinizing hormone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, and estradiol along with sluggish ovarian activities of Δ5,3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase followed by a reduction in gonadal tissue peroxidase activities in mature female rats at diestrous phase. Noticeable weight loss of the ovary and uterus along with prolonged diestrous phase and increased deposition of arsenic in the plasma and in these reproductive organs were also demonstrated following the ingestion of arsenic. Follicular atresia and thinning of the uterine luminal diameter were evident after sodium arsenite treatment. Effective protection of gonadal weight loss, suppressed ovarian steroidogenesis, and altered ovarian and uterine peroxidase activities were noticed when 1.0 IU hCG/(100 g body weight day) is given in arsenic‐intoxicated rats. Normal estrous cyclicity was restored toward the control level after hCG coadministration, though the elimination of elementary arsenic from the plasma and gonadal tissues was impossible. A significant recovery in the restoration of ovarian and uterine histoarchitecture was prominent after hCG treatment. Adrenal hypertrophy and steroidogenic arrest of the adrenal gland along with altered level of brain monoamines in the midbrain and diencephalons following arsenic intoxication were also ameliorated after hCG coadministration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:29–41, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20309
Antihyperlipidemic activity of 3‐hydroxymethyl xylitol, a novel antidiabetic compound isolated fromCasearia esculenta(Roxb.) root, in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats
Authors: Chandramohan Govindasamy , Al‐Numair Khalid S. , Sridevi Muruhan , Pugalendi Kodukkur Viswanathan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCasearia esculentaroot (Roxb.) is widely used in traditional system of medicine to treat diabetes in India. An active compound, 3‐hydroxymethyl xylitol (3‐HMX), has been isolated, and its optimum dose has been determined in a short duration study and patented. In addition, the long‐term effect of 3‐HMX in type 2 diabetic rats on carbohydrate metabolism was investigated, and its antihyperglycemic effect was shown previously (Chandramohan et al.,Eur J Pharmacol2008;590:437–443). In this study we investigated the effect of 3‐HMX on plasma and tissue lipid profiles in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 180–200 g, by administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg of body weight) intraperitoneally. The normal and diabetic rats were treated with 3‐HMX (40 mg/kg BW/day) for 45 days. The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids were assayed in the plasma besides lipoprotein‐cholesterol (high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), and very low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (VLDL‐C)) and tissues (liver, kidney, heart, and brain). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid (LDL‐C and VLDL‐C in plasma only) levels increased in plasma and tissues significantly, whereas plasma HDL‐C significantly decreased in diabetic rats. Treatment with 3‐HMX or glibenclamide reversed the above‐mentioned changes and improved toward normalcy. Histological study of liver also confirmed the biochemical findings. Thus administration of 3‐HMX is able to reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia related to the risk of diabetes mellitus. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 24:95–101, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20317
Gas–liquid mass transfer studies for biomass support materials in a bioreactor
Authors: Kılıç Apar Dilek 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Oxygen mass transfer can be described and analyzed by means of the mass transfer coefficient kLa, which is the most important parameter involved in the design and operation of mixing–sparging equipment for bioreactors. In the present study, the effect of biomass support materials on the gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient was studied in a bioreactor under variable process conditions. The biomass support materials used were activated carbon, pumice and loofa sponge.RESULTS: Compared with the case with distilled water only, the presence of the biomass support materials negatively influenced mass transfer. On the other hand, the mass transfer coefficient increased with increased impeller speed, air flow rate and temperature; and decreased with the increase of liquid viscosity and biomass support material concentration for all cases.CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of the experimental data showed that kLa values were affected by process variables. Besides the major exponential correlations used in the literature, satisfactory linear correlations for the relationship between the kLa and process variables were obtained. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Is prenatal volumetric evaluation of aneurysm of the vein of Galen important in the prediction of adverse fetal outcome?
Authors: Gün İsmet , Müngen Ercüment , Kurdoğlu Mertihan , Babacan Ali , Muhcu Murat , Atay Vedat 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAneurysm of the vein of Galen is a rare congenital vascular malformation of the central nervous system. There are controversies in the literature regarding the possible prognostic value of aneurysmal volume estimation with 3‐dimensional US for the prediction of fetal outcome. In this report, we present a case of prenatally diagnosed large aneurysm of the vein of Galen complicated by heart failure in a fetus. The volume of the malformation was calculated as 17.8 cm3 and the fetal outcome was poor. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 38:443–445, 2010
Leptin‐like immunoreactivity in the muscle of juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Gambardella Chiara , Ferrando Sara , Gallus Lorenzo , Ravera Silvia , Bianchini Paolo , Ramoino Paola , Fasulo Salvatore , Tagliafierro Grazia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe mammalian hormone, leptin, is mainly synthesized in adipose tissue along with other tissues. Leptin plays a role in numerous processes such as in the control of food intake, homeostasis, immune function and reproduction. In this study, we detected and localized leptin immunoreactivity to the muscle of early juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. A leptin immunopositive band with a molecular weight of ∼16 kDa, corresponding to mammalian leptin, was identified in trunk skeletal muscle homogenate. Furthermore, leptin immunopositive cells were detected in the endomysium of skeletal muscular fibers. These cells showed immunostained cytoplasmic granules and roundish and oval nuclei. The most intense immunostaining was observed in the endomysial space among the superficial red muscular fibers of the trunk. These findings suggest that in early juvenile sea bass, leptin is mostly produced by skeletal muscles. Therefore, during the developmental stage lacking adipose tissue, skeletal muscles can be considered an important source of leptin. As already suggested in mammals, we can hypothesize the potential roles of leptin not only in energy expenditure for muscle contraction but also during muscle differentiation and growth. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:797–802, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The administration of nonmetabolizable glucose analogues fails to suppress the development of glycogen autophagy in newborn rat hepatocytes
Authors: Kalamidas Stefanos A. , Kondomerkos Dimitrios J. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe effects of parenteral administration of glucose, 3‐methylglucose (3MG), or 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) on the glycogen autophagy were studied in the newborn rat liver using electron microscopy and biochemical methods. The administration of glucose resulted in hyperglycemia and prevented the mobilization of hepatocytic glycogen. It also prevented the development of autophagic vacuoles in general and inhibited the glycogen‐degrading activity of acid α‐1,4‐glucosidase. The nonphosphorylated and not further metabolized glucose analog 3MG also produced hyperglycemia, but increased acid glucosidase. Pretreating the newborns with the β‐adrenergic blocker propranolol inhibited the effects of 3MG. The phosphorylated but not fully metabolized glucose analog 2DG produced similar effects. The administration of xylitol to the newborns already treated with 2DG, suppressed acid glucosidase. The results of this and our previous studies suggest that glucose must be metabolized beyond its phosphorylation step to inhibit acid glucosidase activity. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:1009–1014, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microhardness and SEM after CO2 laser irradiation or fluoride treatment in human and bovine enamel
Authors: Souza‐Gabriel A.E. , Colucci V. , Turssi C.P. , Serra M.C. , Corona S.A.M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackground: It remains uncertain as to whether or not CO2 laser is able to hinder demineralization of enamel. The possibility to use bovine instead of human teeth on anticariogenic studies with laser has not yet been determined. Purpose: To compare the ability of CO2 laser and fluoride to inhibit caries‐like lesions in human enamel and to test whether a similar pattern of response would hold for bovine enamel. Study Design: Ninety‐six enamel slabs (2 × 2 × 4 mm) (48 from bovine and 48 from human teeth) were randomly distributed according to surface treatment (n = 12): CO2 laser, 5% sodium fluoride varnish (FV), 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel, or no treatment (control). Specimens were subjected to a 14‐day in vitro cariogenic challenge. Microhardness (SMH) was measured at 30 μm from the surface. For ultrastructural analysis, additional 20 slabs of each substrate (n = 5) received the same treatment described earlier and were analyzed by SEM. Results: ANOVA and Tukey test ascertained that CO2 laser promoted the least mineral loss (SMH = 252a). Treatment with FV resulted in the second highest values (207b), which was followed by APF (172c). Untreated specimens performed the worst (154d). SEM showed no qualitative difference between human and bovine teeth. APF and control groups exhibited surfaces covered by the smear layer. A granulate precipitate were verified on FV group and fusion of enamel crystals were observed on lased‐specimens. Conclusions: CO2 laser may control caries progression more efficiently than fluoride sources and bovine teeth may be a suitable substitute for human teeth in studies of this nature. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:1030–1035, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Image processing techniques in a preliminary morphometric characterization of corneal epithelium by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Julio Gemma , Merindano Dolores , Canals Marc , Ralló Miquel 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSeveral processing techniques of digital images allowed us to quantify the percentage of cell surface covered by microprojections (microvilli or microplicae) (SCM), the adhesion between epithelial cells by the parameter intercellular junctions (IJ), the size (cell area), shape (cell shape) and shade (cell shade) of cells on the corneal epithelium of nine rabbits. The data were analyzed and the epithelial cells were classified into three groups by cluster analysis. Assuming the representativeness of the sample, our findings suggest that for a normal corneal epithelium, 80% of the cells could show SCM >41%, and IJ >0.98 (being one a cell to cell junction without disruptions). Standard deviations of cell shade lower than 21 gray levels could indicate a tendency to lose the cell shade mosaic. Normal corneas could show a majority of cells (54–69%) included in group 2 with smaller mean size (80% of cells with cell area <242 μm2), higher SCM (80% of cells with SCM >44.83%), polygonal mean shape and brighter shade. Group 1 (15–30% of cells) could show a larger mean size (80% of cells with cell area >494 μm2), lower SCM (although 80% of cells with SCM >32.61%), circular mean shape and darker electron reflex. Group 3 could display a medium mean size, higher SCM (similar to group 2), circular mean shape (similar to group 1), and brighter shade. These analyses could possibly be used to further assess the corneal response to ocular drugs, contact lens, and surgical procedures or to discriminate between pathology stages. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:1059–1066, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleophilic [18F]Fluorination and subsequent decarbonylation of methoxy‐substituted nitro‐ and halogen‐benzenes activated by one or two formyl groups
Authors: Shen Bin , Löffler Dirk , Reischl Gerald , Machulla Hans‐Jürgen , Zeller Klaus‐Peter 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAs model reactions for the introduction of 18F into protected aromatic amino acids, the replacement of NO2, Cl, Br and F by [18F]fluoride in 2‐isophthalaldehyde and 2‐terephthalaldehyde derivatives which model 18F‐DOPA and 18F‐tyrosine was investigated by comparing labelling yields and reaction rates with those of corresponding mono‐aldehyde compounds. All isophthalaldehydes showed maximum radiochemical yields (79 to 86%) at 140°C and in comparison with the corresponding mono‐aldehydes the reaction proceeded faster. At lower temperature the reaction already resulted in high yields, e.g. 2‐nitroisophthalaldehyde was labelled with a yield of 78% at 25°C after 7 min, whereas 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde only reached a yield of 1.7% under the same reaction conditions. The 18F/NO2 exchange in nitroterephthalaldehydes proceeded more slowly and with lower radiochemical yields when compared with corresponding isophthalaldehydes and monoaldehydes. The decarbonylation of 18F‐labelled aromatic dialdehydic compounds with 4 eq. of Wilkinson's catalyst at 150°C in benzonitrile resulted in high yields, e.g. 2‐[18F]fluoro‐5‐methoxyisophthalaldehyde and 4‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐methoxy‐5‐methylisophthalaldehyde were decarbonylated efficiently with yields of 67±3% and 72±2%, respectively. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social and trauma‐related pathways leading to psychological distress and functional limitations four years after the humanitarian emergency in Timor‐Leste
Authors: Silove D. , Brooks R. , Steel Bateman C. , Steel Z. , Fonseca C. Amaral Z. , Rodger J. , Soosay I. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThere is growing acknowledgment that research in the postconflict field needs to include a focus on social conditions. The authors applied structural equation modeling to epidemiologic data obtained from postconflict Timor‐Leste, to examine for links involving potentially traumatic events and sociodemographic factors (age, gender, educational levels, and unemployment) with psychological symptoms and functioning. Exposure to trauma and lack of education emerged as most relevant with psychological distress impacting on education in the urban area. Age and gender exerted influences at different points in the model consistent with the known history of Timor. Although based on cross‐sectional data, the model supports the relevance of past trauma, posttraumatic distress, and postconflict social conditions to functioning in societies such as Timor‐Leste.
Preparation of cis‐1,4‐Polyisoprene Electrospun Microfibers
Authors: Hao Xiufeng , Bai Chenxi , Huang Yue , Bi Jifu , Zhang Chunyu , Cai Hongguang , Zhang Xuequan , Du Liping 
Published: February 2010

Abstractcis‐1,4‐Polyisoprene, a significant industrial elastomer, is electrospun into different nanostrucutures. Cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene electrospun fibers are prepared from cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene solutions in dichloromethane or chloroform and characterized by environmental scanning electron microscope and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. ESEM observation reveals that the cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene fibers show a bamboo‐like morphology with a nearly constant node distance, a diameter of 20–60 µm and a length of about 300 µm. In addition, within the individual nodes parallel grooves are clearly seen, which is very promising for their use in microprinting in the field of microelectronics. Smooth cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene fibers with a diameter of 5–8 µm can be obtained via electrospinning its chloroform solutions. In contrast to most polymers, the jet of cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene does not split during the electrospinning processes, which facilitates the collection of highly aligned fibers by using a rotating mandrel as a ground target.magnified image
AMPK‐mediated phosphorylation of murine p27 at T197 promotes binding of 14‐3‐3 proteins and increases p27 stability
Authors: Short John D. , Dere Ruhee , Houston Kevin D. , Cai Sheng‐Li , Kim Jinhee , Bergeron Judith M. , Shen Jianjun , Liang Jiyong , Bedford Mark T. , Mills Gordon B. , Walker Cheryl Lyn 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (Tsc2) gene product, tuberin, acts as a negative regulator of mTOR signaling, and loss of tuberin function leads to tumors of the brain, skin, kidney, heart, and lungs. Previous studies have shown that loss of tuberin function affects the stability and subcellular localization of the cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p27, although the mechanism(s) by which tuberin modulates p27 stability has/have not been elucidated. Previous studies have also shown that AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which functions in an energy‐sensing pathway in the cell, becomes activated in the absence of tuberin. Here we show that in Tsc2‐null tumors and cell lines, AMPK activation correlates with an increase in p27 levels, and inhibition of AMPK signaling decreases p27 levels in these cells. In addition, activation of AMPK led to phosphorylation of p27 at the conserved terminal threonine residue of murine p27 (T197) in both in vitro kinase assays and in cells. Phosphorylation of p27 at T197 led to increased interaction between p27 and 14‐3‐3 proteins and increased the protein stability of p27. Furthermore, activation of AMPK signaling promoted the interaction between p27 and 14‐3‐3 proteins and increased the stability of the p27 protein in a manner that was dependent on T197. These data identify a conserved mechanism for the regulation of p27 stability via phosphorylation at the terminal threonine (mT197/hT198) and binding of 14‐3‐3 proteins, which when AMPK is activated results in stabilization of the p27 protein. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peroneal artery perforator chimeric flap for reconstruction of composite defects in extremities
Authors: Chai Yi‐Min , Wang Chun‐Yang , Zeng Bing‐Fang , Chen Zeng‐Gan , Cai Pei‐Hua , Kang Qing‐Lin , Ruan Hong‐Jiang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractLarge bone defects of extremities, especially those associated with soft tissue defects, represent difficult reconstructive problems. Chimeric flap is a suitable option for reconstruction of complex bone and soft‐tissue defects. In this report, we present the experience on use of the peroneal artery perforator chimeric flap for the reconstruction of complex bone and soft tissue defects in the extremities in 16 patients. The bone defects were located in the tibia in 8 patients, in both tibia and fibula in 1 patient, in the ulna in 2 patients, in both ulna and radius in 2 patients, and the metatarsal bone in 3 patients. The flap was created with skin paddle and fibula bone segments based on independent perforators. The sizes of flap ranged from 8 × 6 to 20 × 11 cm2, and the length of fibular grafts ranged from 6 to 22 cm. All flaps survived completely. Bone union was ultimately obtained in all cases at 5 to 11 months, while two cases suffered from stress fractures in 12 month and 18 month after operation, respectively, which eventually healed with external fixation treatment. The follow‐up time ranged from 12 to 37 months. The definite bone hypertrophy was observed from X‐ray at 18 months after operation. In conclusion, our results show that the peroneal artery perforator chimeric flap is a good option for reconstruction of complex bone and soft‐tissue defects of extremities, particularly for those with three‐dimensional defects and bone defects exceeding 6 cm in length. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2010.
Optimizing the number of multigrid cycles in the full multigrid algorithm
Authors: Thekale A. , Gradl T. , Klamroth K. , Rüde U. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMultigrid (MG) methods are among the most efficient and widespread methods for solving large linear systems of equations that arise, for example, from the discretization of partial differential equations. In this paper we introduce a new approach for optimizing the computational cost of the full MG method to achieve a given accuracy by determining the number of MG cycles on each level. To achieve this, a very efficient and flexible Branch and Bound algorithm is developed. The implementation in the parallel finite element solver Hierarchical Hybrid Grids leads to a significant reduction in CPU time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.