bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible Low‐Voltage MXene Floating‐Gate Synaptic Transistor for Neuromorphic Computing and Cognitive Learning
Authors: Zhu Jiahao , Wang Zifan , Liu Dexing , Liu Qi , Wang Wanting , Wang Xinwei , Zhang Min 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeuromorphic computing, inspired by the functionality of biological neural networks, has emerged as a promising paradigm for artificial intelligence applications, especially in the field of flexible electronics. Among the various artificial synaptic devices, floating‐gate synaptic transistors exhibit long‐term synaptic plasticity, but they face the challenge of achieving flexible compatibility. In this work, the first demonstration of a flexible MXene floating‐gate synaptic transistor is reported, which uses multiple layers of MXene as floating gates and MXene nanosheets as charge state modulators. The device shows excellent mechanical flexibility and can operate at low voltages, which improves its suitability for wearable electronic devices. It can also emulate Pavlovian conditioned reflexes under external stress, suggesting its potential for cognitive learning. Moreover, the device is utilized for handwritten digit recognition by simulating a fully connected neural network, achieving a high recognition accuracy of 92.0%. This demonstrates its practical applicability in neuromorphic computing. Besides, this research achieves the patterning of MXene and its application in flexible floating‐gate transistors. It provides a new solution for the integrated fabrication of flexible artificial synaptic devices.
Enhancing Infected Diabetic Wound Healing through Multifunctional Nanocomposite‐Loaded Microneedle Patch: Inducing Multiple Regenerative Sites
Authors: Yu Daojiang , Chen Lei , Yan Tao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Xiaodong , Lv Guozhong , Zhang Shuyu , Xu Yong , Li Changlong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInfected diabetic wound (DW) presents a prolonged and challenging healing process within the field of regenerative medicine. The effectiveness of conventional drug therapies is hindered by their limited ability to reach deep tissues and promote adequate wound healing rates. Therefore, there is an imperative to develop drug delivery systems that can penetrate deep tissues while exhibiting multifunctional properties to expedite wound healing. In this study, w e devised a soluble microneedle (MN) patch made of γ‐PGA, featuring multiple arrays, which w as loaded with core‐shell structured nanoparticles (NPs) known as Ag@MSN@CeO2, to enhance the healing of infected DWs. The NP comprises a cerium dioxide (CeO2) core with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties, a mesoporous silica NP (MSN) shell with angiogenic characteristics, and an outermost layer doped with Ag to combat bacterial infections. W e demonstrated that the MN platform loaded with Ag@MSN@CeO2 successfully penetrated deep tissues for effective drug delivery. These MN tips induced the formation of multiple regenerative sites at various points, leading to antibacterial, reactive oxygen species‐lowering, macrophage ecological niche‐regulating, vascular regeneration‐promoting, and collagen deposition‐promoting effects, thus significantly expediting the healing process of infected DWs. Considering these findings, the multifunctional MN@Ag@MSN@CeO2 patch exhibits substantial potential for clinical applications in the treatment of infected DW.
Polymer Bioelectronics: A Solution for Both Stimulating and Recording Electrodes
Authors: Cuttaz Estelle A. , Bailey Zachary K. , Chapman Christopher A. R. , Goding Josef A. , Green Rylie A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advent of closed‐loop bionics has created a demand for electrode materials that are ideal for both stimulating and recording applications. The growing complexity and diminishing size of implantable devices for neural interfaces have moved beyond what can be achieved with conventional metallic electrode materials. Polymeric electrode materials are a recent development based on polymer composites of organic conductors such as conductive polymers. These materials present exciting new opportunities in the design and fabrication of next‐generation electrode arrays which can overcome the electrochemical and mechanical limitations of conventional electrode materials. This review will examine the recent developments in polymeric electrode materials, their application as stimulating and recording electrodes in bionic devices, and their impact on the development of soft, conformal, and high‐density neural interfaces.
Enabling Visible‐Light‐Charged Near‐Infrared Persistent Luminescence in Organics by Intermolecular Charge Transfer
Authors: Lin Cunjian , Wu Zishuang , Ueda Jumpei , Yang Rujun , You Shihai , Lv Anqi , Deng Wenting , Du Qiping , Li Renfu , An Zhongfu , Xue Jie , Zhuang Yixi , Xie Rong‐Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVisible light is a universal and user‐friendly excitation source; however, its use to generate persistent luminescence (PersL) in materials remains a huge challenge. Herein, the concept of intermolecular charge transfer (xCT) is applied in typical host–guest molecular systems, which allows for a much lower energy requirement for charge separation, thus enabling efficient charging of near‐infrared (NIR) PersL in organics by visible light (425–700 nm). Importantly, NIR PersL in organics occurs via the trapping of electrons from charge‐transfer aggregates (CTAs) into constructed trap states with trap depths of 0.63–1.17 eV, followed by the detrapping of these electrons by thermal stimulation, resulting in a unique light‐storage effect and long‐lasting emission up to 4.6 h at room temperature. The xCT absorption range is modulated by changing the electron‐donating ability of a series of acenaphtho[1,2‐b]pyrazine‐8,9‐dicarbonitrile‐based CTAs, and the organic PersL is tuned from 681 to 722 nm. This study on xCT interaction‐induced NIR PersL in organic materials provides a major step forward in understanding the underlying luminescence mechanism of organic semiconductors and these findings are expected to promote their applications in optoelectronics, energy storage, and medical diagnosis.
Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction of Glycals with Base‐Labile Protecting Groups as a New Route to Glycoporphyrins
Authors: Godlewski Bartosz , Malinowski Maciej 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlycoporphyrins are considered promising photosensitisers of new generation. Herein, we describe a metal‐catalysed synthetic method towards porphyrin‐carbohydrate C−C conjugates. The protocol of Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction has been developed and it was compatible with peracetylated 2‐iodoglycals. The utility of the reaction was exemplified on 15 different (C‐2)‐arylated sugar derivatives. Then it was applied on more challenging starting materials, namely, porphyrin boronates in which we addressed the issues of difficult transmetalation step usually observed on palladium‐catalysed processes of porphyrin derivatives. The efficiency of the protocol was finally applied to synthesize the library of glycoporphyrins proving the versatile character of this strategy. Finally, the methodology was transferred onto A4‐type porphyrin to efficiently obtain an interesting example of a multivalent glycoconjugate.
Recent Advances on the Synthesis and Application of Tetrahydro‐β‐Carbolines
Authors: Du Youlong , Semghouli Anas , Mei Haibo , Kiss Loránd , Han Jianlin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTetrahydro‐β‐carbolines (THβCs) also known as tryptolines serve as important structural elements in natural products and pharmaceutical compounds, and they are also utilized in drug discovery. They display diverse bioactivities, including anticancer, antifungal, antiparasitic, anti‐ischemic, anti‐inflammatory, and other activities. Besides their pharmacological and biological significance, these structural motifs are also extensively used in the production of other bioactive compounds. This review is intended to summarize recent advancements in the chemistry of this compound class, including the synthesis and the applications as organic synthetic intermediates and bioactive molecules.
Single‐Administration Self‐Boosting Microneedle Patch for the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Singh Parbeen , Vinikoor Tra , Sharma Nidhi , Nelson Nicole , Prasadh Somasundaram , Oiknine Ralph , Nguyen Thanh Duc 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are one of the most effective treatments for obesity. The current therapy associated with repeated subcutaneous injections to maintain the drug therapeutic effect causes patient compliance issues and raises environmental concerns (due to sharp biohazard waste from disposed syringes/needles). Herein, a programmable scheduled release microneedles (PSR‐MNs) system is reported for delivering Semaglutide (a GLP‐1 RA agent with a half‐life of ≈7 days) to manage and treat obesity. A single skin administration of a PSR‐MNs patch (2 cm × 2 cm) that contains 4 programmable core‐shell microneedle (MNs) patches (1 cm2 each, so‐called pixels) enables the repeated release of Semaglutide every 7 days and sustains the drug efficacy for an unprecedented one‐month period, simulating the effect of using four bolus injections spaced 7 days apart. This PSR‐MNs system provides an advanced injection‐free platform to significantly enhance the current treatment of obesity with GLP‐1RAs, addressing concerns related to pain, needle phobia, high cost, and the need of medical facilities/personnel in traditional injections to administer the drug.
Recent Development of Phosphate Based Polyanion Cathode Materials for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ahsan Zishan , Cai Zhenfei , Wang Shuai , Moin Muhammad , Wang Haichuan , Liu Dongming , Ma Yangzhou , Song Guangsheng , Wen Cuie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as next‐generation secondary batteries and complement to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for large‐scale electrochemical energy storage applications due to the abundant availability, even distribution, and cost‐effectiveness of raw sodium resources. The phosphate‐based polyanions stand out of various cathode material owing to their high operation voltage, stable structure, superior safety, and excellent sodium‐storage properties. The undesirable electric conductivities and specific capacities limit their large‐scale industrialization. Herein, a recent research development of phosphate‐based polyanion cathodes including orthophosphate, oxyphosphate, pyrophosphate, and mixed phosphates is thoroughly reviewed. Subsequently, the effect of modification strategies including element doping, surface coating, morphology control, and electrode design toward high‐performance cathode materials for SIBs are systematically explored. Finally, the future research directions of phosphate‐based polyanion cathodes based on electrochemical performance including reversible capacity, voltage, energy density, rate capacity, cycling stability, and commercial applications are comprehensively concluded. It is believed that current review will present instructive perspectives into developing practicable phosphate‐based polyanion cathode materials for SIBs.
Chili crop innovation: Exploring enclosed growing designs for varied varieties—A review
Authors: Ahmad Farhan , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati , Soleh Mochamad Arief , Khan Muhammad Rabnawaz , Sundari Ristina Siti 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis systematic review addresses the difficulties of cultivating under variable environmental conditions and explores the growing importance of chili peppers (Capsicum annum L.) in worldwide agriculture. It emphasizes the use of enclosed growing systems as a workable way to increase crop yields of chilies. The needs of various chilies in these systems highlighting the significance of sustainability and resource efficiency for the best possible yield, quality, and financial sustainability. Shading is a crucial tactic to mitigate the adverse effects of sunlight and high temperatures, supporting healthier plants and regular fruit development. The study also looks into greenhouse cultivation to shelter plants from the weather and achieve higher yields, better development rates, and better‐quality fruit. This thorough analysis fills a research gap, offers helpful recommendations for maximizing production, and is an invaluable tool for practitioners and scholars studying enclosed chili agriculture.
Deconstructing the sex gap in child undernutrition in India: Are Indian boys at elevated risk of anthropometric failure than the girls?
Authors: Ghosh Pritam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgrounds & ObjectivesThe privileging of boys in immunization coverage, breastfeeding, and other child care practices in Indian patriarchal society raises questions about whether there are sex differences in the prevalence of undernutrition among children. This study evaluates the sex gap in the prevalence of Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) among Indian children from 2015–16 to 2019–21. Additionally, it seeks to identify the sex‐specific determinants and persistent sex gap at national and subnational levels (social, economic, religious, and geopolitical regions) in anthropometric failure among the children from 2015–16 to 2019–21.Materials and MethodsThe study utilizes the 4th (2015–16) and 5th (2019–21) rounds of the National Family Health Survey data. Logistic regression models and the Fairlie decomposition technique were employed to explore the persistent and significant sex gap in the prevalence of CIAF, as well as the sex‐specific determinants of CIAF among children in 2015–16 and 2019–21.ResultsThe study reveals a significant sex gap (approximately 4%‐points), with boy's disadvantage in the prevalence of CIAF from 2015–16 to 2019–21 at both the national and subnational levels (social, religious, socioeconomic groups, and geopolitical regions). The gap is more pronounced in the first year of life and decreases in later stages. A comparatively faster CIAF decline among girls from 2016 to 2021 has widened the sex gap in final year than the previous. Child, mother, household, community, and geographic backgrounds explains about 5%–6% of the sex gap in the prevalence of CIAF from 2015–16 to 2019–21. The remaining 94%–95% of the unexplained sex gap may be attributed to biological factors or other factors. Currently, a heightened boy's disadvantage in CIAF risk is observed in ST community, wealthiest families, and the northern India.ConclusionThe findings suggest a special attention for boys under 3 years to offset biological disadvantages like greater disease sensitivity and fragility compared to girls early on.
Synthesis and characterization of mixed matrix membranes with graphene oxide‐impregnated zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 for enhanced CO2/CH4 separation
Authors: Gawali Ajay V. , Jampa Surendra Sasikumar , Sinha Manish Kumar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor the in situ growth method, the reaction time is important because increasing the reaction time may make it possible for the crystallized ZIF‐8 to fully cover the GO sheets; the excess of ZIF‐8 particles reduces the aspect ratio of the GO sheet. The reaction time will significantly change the morphology, affecting the composite's ability to absorb selective gas and, in turn, affect the gas selectivity. The present work identifies the reaction time for in situ growth of ZIF‐8 nanoparticles on GO sheets. The composite was synthesized at different reaction times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 h and incorporated into the PSF matrix. The fabricated membranes were characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM, and XRD. The novel synthesized reaction time (6 h) was identified for better enhancement of CO2/CH4 separation. For pure gas studies, the results investigated that the CO2 permeability and CO2/CH4 selectivity were increased by 223% and 98%, respectively, compared with plain PSF membrane. In mixed gas (CO2/CH4) studies, the CO2 permeability and CO2CH4 selectivity were increased by 349% and 854%, respectively, compared with plain PSF membrane. Hence, the in situ growth method helps synthesize MOF@GO composites in the application of gas separation.
Polyurethane nanofibers incorporated magnesium hydroxide followed by hydrothermal treatment using chitosan and silver nanoparticles to improve the biological properties
Authors: Rather Anjum Hamid , Khan Rumysa Saleem , Rafiq Muheeb , Tripathi Ravi Mani , Sheikh Faheem A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to explore the potential of magnesium hydroxide (Mg[OH]₂) nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated into polyurethane (PU) fibers, which were further coated with chitosan and silver (Ag) NPs. The hydrothermal approach was adopted to add the properties of chitosan and Ag NPs to the as‐spun fibers. These samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM), EDS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and contact angle measurements. The diameter of concocted fibers was found to be 0.79 ± 0.31 μm to 2.5 ± 0.9 μm. The presence of Mg(OH)2 decreased the fiber diameter from 2.05 ± 1.2 μm to 0.79 ± 0.31 μm; however, after hydrothermal coating, the diameter increased from 0.79 ± 0.31 μm to 2.5 ± 0.9 μm. The contact angle on pristine PU showed 105.53 ± 0.8°, that is, hydrophobicity, which was diminished to 9.3 ± 0.8° by the reorientation of PU with Mg(OH)2, chitosan and Ag NPs, that is, indicative of hydrophilic character. Biomineralization was evaluated by incubating in simulated body fluid, and the EDS and FE‐SEM indicated that composite fibers could induce apatite formation. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay, and cell adhesion/proliferation was confirmed by DAPI staining and FE‐SEM. The composite scaffolds promoted 3T3‐L1 to grow confluently.
Integrated plant conservation through the Global Conservation Consortia
Authors: Linsky Jean , Byrne Amy , Handley Vanessa , Coffey Emily E. D. , Alvarez‐Clare Silvia , Crowley Dan , Meyer Abby 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe 2020 State of the World's Plants and Fungi report revealed that two in five plant species are threatened with extinction. Despite their diverse ecosystem services and myriad human uses, plants receive a fraction of the conservation resources directed at animal taxa. Several existing frameworks—including International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Specialist Groups, the American Public Gardens Association Plant Collections Network, and the Center for Plant Conservation National Collection of Endangered Plants—have spurred conservation action, but there remains an urgent need to scale up conservation efforts for the world's plants. Here, a new approach to coordinated conservation action for plant taxa is described: the Global Conservation Consortia (GCC). GCC catalyze institutions and experts to collaboratively develop and implement comprehensive strategies to prevent extinction of threatened plant groups. This review focuses on three tree‐focused, U.S.‐led consortia: cycads, magnolias, and oaks, but the GCC framework is applicable to other taxonomic groups. This review covers consortia design and implementation, provides conservation action case studies, and shares preliminary successes and challenges as this new and exciting approach to conservation is developed.
Population structure and genetic connectivity of the big blue octopus Octopus cyanea in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan
Authors: Kise Hiroki , Saito Naoki , Gibu Kodai , Asato Masaki , Kita Tomohiro , Matsuzaki Kenta , Iguchi Akira 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOctopuses are an important fishery resource in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, and Octopus cyanea is an important fishery resource in this region. Although a gradual downward trend in catches of O. cyanea in the Ryukyu Archipelago has been reported, no study has focused on the connectivity and genetic structure, which are important parameters for conservation strategies. We used partial sequences of mitochondrial COI and MIG‐seq, which can efficiently obtain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) to evaluate genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow among three populations of O. cyanea in the Ryukyu Archipelago. We combined population genetic analyses with biophysical approaches to understand larval dispersal patterns and the regional connectivity. Although there was a tendency for the Yaeyama population to become isolated from the Okinawa‐jima populations, high genetic diversity was maintained overall, indicating frequent genetic exchange between populations. Population genetic analyses combined with larval dispersal simulations revealed that the contemporary migration of O. cyanea is asymmetric patterns among the three populations, suggesting that western coast of Okinawa‐jima Island functions as a source population among the three populations we examined. The potential implications of this study on the conservation management of O. cyanea were discussed, namely that future population assessment approaches are needed to include western coast of Okinawa‐jima populations. In addition, this study indicates that at least two different management units should be considered. This study is the first population genetic study of O. cyanea in the Ryukyu Archipelago and provides fundamental information on the genetic population structure of this species in this region.
Vegetation discrimination based on chlorophyll prediction in Marshy wetland using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Mohanty Smrutisikha , Pandey Prem C. , Singh Prachi , Dugesar Vikas , Srivastava Prashant K. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Wetlands are an integral part of our global ecosystems and play crucial roles in ecological functions such as carbon sequestration, flood mitigation, water purification, and recreational activities. The Ramsar Convention is the most significant wetland protection pact and is doing tremendous work in conserving wetlands worldwide. However, the wetlands area is still under threat due to anthropogenic activity.
The current study utilized drone images, chlorophyll measurements and machine leaning to discriminate and map vegetation at marsh wetland area—the Ramsar site. The high‐resolution, multispectral imagery is acquired using a drone‐mounted MICAsense sensor.
Eight spectral indices such as Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Two‐Band Algorithm (2BDA), Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Enhanced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (ENDVI), Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (GNDVI), and Normalised Difference RedEdge (NDRE) were calculated on the acquired imagery in order to discriminate the different vegetation covers such as floating aquatic vegetation (FAV), open water, and other vegetations types. These include the following: Eichhornia, Nymphea, Oleracea, Paspalam, and Oryza from agriculture land at the study site.
Two models (viz., the Taylor plot and the Lek Profile methods) were employed to assess the sensitivity of the spectral indices for prediction of chlorophyll and vegetation discrimination. It is inferred from both methods that NDCI was most sensitive for chlorophyll prediction of vegetation followed by NGRDI/ ENDVI/ 2BDA and NDVI for chlorophyll prediction in wetland ecosystems. Further, three machine learning algorithms, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and gradient tree boost (GTB), were utilized for classification, and the performance accuracy of GTB was found to be the highest (0.893), followed by RF (0.851) and SVM (0.723). The GTB algorithm was applied over NDCI for vegetation discrimination.
The study revealed that Eichhronia sp. is abundantly present at the study site; hence, strategic management plans should be carried out for the eradication of invasive species and proper management of wetland vegetation.