bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of the Androgen Receptor and its Correlation with Molecular Subtypes in 980 Chinese Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Qi Ji-ping , Yang You-lin , Zhu Hong , Wang Jianmin , Jia Ying , Liu Na , Song Yue-jia , Zan Li-kun , Zhang Xu , Zhou Min , Gu Yun-he , Liu Tao , Hicks David G. , Tang Ping 
Published: December 2011

Background Recent studies have shown that androgen displays an inhibitory effect on breast cancer cell lines that express androgen receptor (AR) but not estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR). We have previously reported that approximately 1/3 of ER negative high grade invasive ductal carcinomas express AR. Thus, AR can serve as a potential therapeutic target for this group of patients. Aim Here we investigated AR expression patterns in 980 consecutive breast carcinomas. Results We found that (1) AR was expressed more frequently (77%) than ER (61%) and PR (60%) in breast carcinomas; (2) AR expression was associated with ER and PR expression ( P < 0.0001), small tumor size ( P = 0.0324) and lower Ki-67 expression ( P = 0.0013); (3) AR expression was found in 65% of ER negative tumors; (4) AR expression was associated with PR and Ki-67 in ER negative tumors, but not in ER positive tumors; (5) AR expression was higher in ER positive subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B and Luminal HER2 subtypes, 80%-86%) and lower in ER negative subtypes [HER2, triple negative (TN), and TN EFGR positive subtypes; 52%-66%], with over 50% of TN tumors expressing AR. Conclusion More breast carcinomas express AR than ER and PR, including significant numbers of ER negative and TN tumors, for which AR could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
Factors Predicting Coronary Sinus Rupture following Cannula Insertion for Retrograde Cardioplegia
Authors: Sabzi Feridoun , Zokaei Abdolhamid 
Published: December 2011

BackgroundCoronary sinus rupture (CSR) is a rare preventable complication of cannula insertion for retrograde cardioplegia. In the hands of an inexperienced surgeon, this complication has the risk of potential mortality and morbidity, and its repair is technically challenging. Techniques for repairing CSR have been reported previously. In this study, we determined predictors of CSR following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.MethodsOver a four-year period, we retrospectively analyzed 1500 patients in whom a retrograde coronary sinus catheter was used to administer cardioplegic solution. CSR occurred in 15 patients. (12 women and 3 men). Variables such as age, weight, body mass index, gender, aortic clamp time, pump time, cardiomegaly, ejection fraction, and number of grafts were determined for each patient. Factors correlated with CSR were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, and odd ratios of significant variables were determined.ResultsIn multiple regression analysis, factors such as female gender, age, weight, and body mass index showed a significant correlation with CSR, and their odd ratios were 4.2, 1.0, 0.96, and 2.2, respectively.ConclusionIn all 15 cases, a retrograde cannula with a self-inflatable balloon was used and 12 patients were woman with low body mass index. Forceful insertion due to coronary sinus web, fragility of arteries in thin patients, or a small coronary sinus caused CSR in the hands of an inexperienced surgeon.
A Finished Dietary Supplement Stimulates Lipolysis and Metabolic Rate in Young Men and Women
Authors: McCarthy Cameron G. , Farney Tyler M. , Canale Robert E. , Alleman Rick J. , Bloomer Richard J. 
Published: December 2011

Background Dietary supplements are often marketed to increase lipolysis and thermogenesis, with the proposed end result being weight loss and body fat reduction. It was the purpose of the present investigation to study the acute effects of a weight/fat loss supplement within a sample of healthy human subjects. Methods Twelve subjects (men 24.8 ± 4.3 yrs; women 22.8 ± 0.4 yrs) ingested a dietary supplement (OxyELITE Pro™) or a placebo, on two separate days in a double-blind, cross-over design. Blood samples were collected immediately before ingestion, and at 60 and 120 minutes post ingestion, and analyzed for plasma glycerol and free fatty acids (FFA). Breath samples were collected immediately before ingestion and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post ingestion, for a measure of kilocalorie expenditure using indirect calorimetry. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded at all times and rate pressure product (RPP) was calculated. Results AUC was greater for supplement compared to placebo for glycerol (22.74 ± 1.98 μg · mL-1 · 2 hr-1 vs. 15.76 ± 1.36 μg · mL-1 · 2 hr-1; P = 0.001), FFA(1.62 ± 0.07 mmol · L-1 · 2 hr-1 vs. 0.78 ± 0.12 mmol · L-1 · 2 hr-1; P < 0.0001), and kilocalorie expenditure (149 ± 7 kcal · 2 hr-1 vs. 122 ± 8 kcal · 2 hr-1; P = 0.005). Heart rate ( P = 0.02), systolic blood pressure ( P < 0.0001), and RPP ( P = 0.002) were higher for supplement compared to placebo. Conclusion Ingestion of OxyELITE Pro™ resulted in an increase in blood markers of lipolysis, as well as metabolic rate, during a two-hour post ingestion time period. An increase in hemodynamic variables was also observed. These findings are in reference to a sample of healthy men and women who were naïve to treatment with the dietary supplement. Additional work is needed to determine if the acute changes observed here would persist with chronic use of the supplement and possibly lead to weight/body fat loss over time.
Measure-preserving quality within mappings
Authors: Semmes Stephen 
Published: December 2011

In [6], Guy David introduced some methods for finding controlled behavior in Lipschitz mappings with substantial images (in terms of measure). Under suitable conditions, David produces subsets on which the given mapping is bilipschitz with uniform bounds for the bilipschitz constant and the size of the subset. This has applications for boundedness of singular integral operators and "uniform rectifiability" of sets as in [6, 7, 11, 13]. Some special cases of David's results, concerning projections of subsets of Euclidean spaces of codimension 1, or mappings defined on Euclidean spaces (rather than sets or metric spaces of less simple nature), have been given alternate and much simpler proofs, as in [8, 9, 10]. In general this has not occurred.
Here we shall present a variation on David's method which breaks down into simpler pieces. We shall also take advantage of some components of the work of Peter Jones [19]. Jones' approach uses some Littlewood–Paley theory, and one of the important features of David's method was to avoid this, operating in a more directly geometric way which could be applied more broadly. To some extent, the present organization gives a reconciliation between the two, and between David's stopping-time argument and techniques related to Carleson measures and Carleson's Corona construction.
Noncommutative algebraic geometry
Authors: Laudal Olav Arnfinn 
Published: December 2011

The need for a noncommutative algebraic geometry is apparent in classical invariant and moduli theory. It is, in general, impossible to find commuting parameters parametrizing all orbits of a Lie group acting on a scheme. When one orbit is contained in the closure of another, the orbit space cannot, in a natural way, be given a scheme structure.
In this paper we shall show that one may overcome these difficulties by introducing a noncommutative algebraic geometry, where affine “schemes” are modeled on associative algebras. The points of such an affine scheme are the simple modules of the algebra, and the local structure of the scheme at a finite family of points, is expressed in terms of a noncommutative deformation theory proposed by the author in [10].

More generally, the geometry in the theory is represented by a
swarm
, i.e. a diagram (finite or infinite) of objects (and if one wants, arrows) in a given

k

-linear Abelian category (

k

a field), satisfying some reasonable conditions. The noncommutative deformation theory refered to above, permits the construction of a presheaf of associative

k

-algebras, locally
parametrizing
the diagram. It is shown that this theory, in a natural way, generalizes the classical scheme theory. Moreover it provides a promising framework for treating problems of invariant theory and moduli problems. In particular it is shown that many moduli spaces in classical algebraic geometry are commutativizations of noncommutative schemes containing additional information.
How Do Children's Eating Patterns and Food Choices Change over Time? Results from a Cohort Study
Authors: Lytle Leslie A. , Seifert Sara , Greenstein Jessica , McGovern Paul 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate the change in eating patterns and food choices in a cohort of students as they moved from the third to the eighth grade. Design. Dietary behaviors and food choices were abstracted from 24-hour recalls and compared across grade levels. Setting. The setting for the study was elementary and junior high schools. Subjects. The subjects were a cohort of 291 students from Minnesota. Measures. Individual 24-hour dietary recalls from a cohort of students were collected in the third, fifth and eighth grades. Results. As students moved from elementary to junior high and middle school, their consumption of breakfast, fruits, vegetables, and milk decreased. Soft drink consumption increased. In the third grade, nearly 99% of the cohort reported eating breakfast; by the eighth grade, 85 % reported eating breakfast. Fruit consumption fell by 41% between the third and the eighth grades while vegetable consumption fell by 25%. The proportion of beverage coming from soft drinks more than tripled between the third and the eighth grades with concomitant reductions in milk and fruit juice consumption. Conclusions. Family, school, and community-wide efforts are needed to promote healthful eating patterns and food choices among adolescents. Our research indicates that nutrition education is needed in the elementary and middle school years. In addition, we need to work on improving teens' social and physical environments to encourage and facilitate their choice of healthy foods.
Concrete Dust Influence on Cement Stone Properties
Authors: GRIGONIS Donatas , IVANAUSKAS Ernestas , RUDŽIONIS Žymantas 
Published: December 2011

The results of experimental investigation of reusing concrete dust (CD), from old concrete construction demolition as cement replacement are presented in the article. Tests were conducted on cement mass by replacing 0 % - 30 % of cement with CD mass. The physical and chemical properties of CD were stock reviewed to assess the possible influence on both fresh and hardened properties of cement. The results of qualitative properties evaluated by standard tests on different mixtures of Portland cement and CD proved to be promising. The comprehensive series of tests included rheology, compressive strength, absorbability, density, exothermic effect and rentgenographic. According to our findings CD can be used as cement replacement without strongly influencing the cement stone properties; CD can also become an alternative to ecological concrete.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.492
Open Retromuscular Sugarbaker vs Keyhole Mesh Placement for Parastomal Hernia Repair
Authors: Maskal Sara M. , Ellis Ryan C. , Fafaj Aldo , Costanzo Adele , Thomas Jonah D. , Prabhu Ajita S. , Krpata David M. , Beffa Lucas R. A. , Tu Chao , Zheng Xinyan , Miller Benjamin T. , Rosen Michael J. , Petro Clayton C. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceDurable parastomal hernia repair remains elusive. There is limited evidence comparing the durability of the open retromuscular Sugarbaker and keyhole mesh configurations.ObjectiveTo determine if the open retromuscular Sugarbaker mesh placement technique would lower parastomal hernia recurrence rates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this single-center, randomized clinical trial, 150 patients with a permanent stoma and associated parastomal hernia who were candidates for open retromuscular parastomal hernia repair were enrolled and randomized from April 2019 to April 2022 and followed up for 2 years.InterventionsFollowing intraoperative assessment to determine the feasibility of either technique, enrolled patients were randomized to receive either retromuscular Sugarbaker or keyhole synthetic mesh placement.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was parastomal hernia recurrence at 2 years. Secondary outcomes included mesh-related complications, wound complications, reoperations, as well as patient-reported pain, abdominal wall–specific quality of life, stoma-specific quality of life, and decision regret at 1 year and 2 years.ResultsA total of 150 patients were randomized, and with 91% follow-up at 2 years, there were 13 (17%) parastomal hernia recurrences in the retromuscular Sugarbaker arm and 18 (24%) in the keyhole arm (adjusted risk difference, −0.029; 95% CI, −0.17 to 0.153, and adjusted risk ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.69). There were no statistically significant differences between the Sugarbaker and keyhole groups regarding reoperations for recurrence (2 vs 7, respectively), nonhernia intra-abdominal pathology (4 vs 10, respectively), stoma necrosis (1 vs 0, respectively), mesh-related complications (4 vs 1, respectively), patient-reported pain, abdominal wall–specific quality of life, stoma-specific quality of life, and decision regret at any time point.Conclusions and RelevanceIn the setting of open parastomal hernia repair, a retromuscular Sugarbaker mesh placement technique was not superior to a keyhole configuration 2 years after repair. Further innovation is necessary to improve parastomal hernia repair outcomes.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03972553
Larger and structurally complex woodland creation sites provide greater benefits for woodland plants
Authors: Waddell Emily H. , Fuentes‐Montemayor Elisa , Park Kirsty J. , Carey Peter , Guy Matt , Macgregor Nicholas A. , Watts Kevin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Reforestation initiatives are underway across the world. However, we know relatively little about the ecological consequences of creating and restoring forest ecosystems, and there is a lack of studies examining the drivers of species colonisation and establishment across appropriate temporal and spatial scales to inform conservation practice.

Using data from a long‐term natural experiment (the WrEN project), we explore ground plant species occurrence and community composition in 102 woodland creation sites (10–160 years since planting), and 27 old growth woodlands (>250 years). We conducted field surveys to collect data on occurrence of plant species (classified into woodland specialist, woodland generalist, or non‐woodland) and used Structural Equation Modelling to investigate the influence of local (age, size, woodland structure) and landscape‐level (amount of surrounding woodland) attributes on species richness.

Woodland generalists are readily colonising woodland creation sites to similar levels found in old growth woodlands. However, there were fewer woodland specialist and more non‐woodland plants in creation sites than in old growth. Specialists and generalists were more likely to be present in larger woodlands and those with higher variation in tree size (which was higher in older woodlands) and did not appear to be influenced by features of the surrounding landscape. Some plant communities in older creation sites (80–160 years) were similar to old growth, suggesting colonisation of a typical old growth flora over time; however, some sites were shifting away from this trajectory.

Specialists are slow to colonise woodland creation sites and their occurrence was low relative to old growth woodlands even after >80 years. However, woodland management to increase structural complexity may enhance the establishment of woodland plants. The lack of influence of the surrounding landscape on species occurrence is likely due to most of the study sites being relatively isolated resulting in limited colonisation. This suggests that new woodlands need to be adjacent or very near to existing woodland to receive the benefits of increased colonisation. Our results highlight the importance of creating large and structurally complex woodlands, close to existing woodlands to facilitate the colonisation and establishment of woodland plants.
Liposome‐Based Permeable Eyedrops for Effective Posterior Segment Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Ying , Hu Yanhong , An Jinying , Zhang Hui , Liu Xun , Li Xiaorong , Zhang Zhanzhan , Zhang Xiaomin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTopical eyedrop administration is identified as an ideal non‐invasive strategy for ocular drug delivery. However, multiple complex ocular barriers greatly restrict their effectiveness in the treatment of posterior ocular disease. Herein, a liposome‐based permeable eyedrops (pDrops) capable of overcoming multiple ocular barriers and achieving efficient posterior drug delivery is presented. pDrops have a core‐shell structure in which drugs are encapsulated inside the liposome core with a chitosan shell. This chitosan coating significantly enhances the pDrops’ binding to mucin in tears and facilitates the temporary opening of tight junctions in cornea/conjunctive epithelial cells, thereby achieving prolonged preocular retention and enhanced posterior segment drug delivery. In this study, hydrophilic ganciclovir (GCV) and hydrophobic curcumin (CUR) are employed as model drugs. Upon topical instillation, pDrops effectively overcome ocular barriers and delivered GCV to the posterior segment in both rat and rabbit eyes. Notably, CUR delivery by pDrops demonstrates significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy in light‐damaged retina of mice. Considering that pDrops can deliver both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs to the posterior segment of the eye, it can potentially become a feasible platform for the non‐invasive delivery of various drug molecules and improve the treatment efficiency of posterior ocular diseases.
Designing Conductive Pyrrolidinium‐Based Dual Network Gel Electrolytes: Tailoring Performance with Dynamic and Covalent Crosslinking
Authors: Katcharava Zviadi , Orlamünde Torje E. , Tema Lawrence T. , Hong Haobo , Beiner Mario , Iliev Boyan , Marinow Anja , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTransitioning toward a carbon‐negative direction necessitates continued development and enhancement of existing lithium battery technologies. A key impediment for these technologies is the utilization of flammable organic solvent‐based electrolytes, which pose significant safety risks. Furthermore, the recyclability of batteries has not reached the level required for transitioning to a circular economy. Here, poly(ionic liquid)‐based dual network gel electrolytes are reported as safer and sustainable alternative materials. The materials employ both, dynamic (up to 45 mol%) and covalent crosslinking (up to 10 mol%), allowing the fabrication of mechanically stable gels with a high content (up to 65 wt%) of ionic liquid/salt both via thermal and photo polymerization. The dual nature of this network in interplay with other key components is systematically investigated. Mechanical stability (up to 0.7 MPa), combined with enhanced ionic conductivity (surpassing 10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature) is achieved via the synergetic combination of dynamic non‐covalent and covalent crosslinking, resulting in improved electrochemical (up to 5 V) and thermal stability (reaching 300 °C) by the embedded ionic liquid. Moreover the presence of the dynamic crosslinks facilitates reprocessing at 70 °C without comrpomising the electrochemical performance, thus reaching full recyclability and reusability.
Van der Waals Encapsulation by Ultrathin Oxide for Air‐Sensitive 2D Materials
Authors: Yi Kongyang , Wu Yao , An Liheng , Deng Ya , Duan Ruihuan , Yang Jiefu , Zhu Chao , Gao Weibo , Liu Zheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe ambient stability is one of the focal points for applications of 2D materials, especially for those well‐known air‐sensitive ones, such as black phosphorus (BP) and transitional metal telluride. Traditional methods of encapsulation, such as atomic layer deposition of oxides and heterogeneous integration of hexagonal boron nitride, can hardly avoid removal of encapsulation layer when the 2D materials are encapsulated for further device fabrication, which causes complexity and damage during the procedure. Here, a van der Waals encapsulation method that allows direct device fabrication without removal of encapsulation layer is introduced using Ga2O3 from liquid gallium. Taking advantage of the robust isolation ability against ambient environment of the dense native oxide of gallium, hundreds of times longer retention time of (opto)electronic properties of encapsulated BP and MoTe2 devices is realized than unencapsulated devices. Due to the ultrathin high‐κ properties of Ga2O3, top‐gated devices are directly fabricated with the encapsulation layer, simultaneously as a dielectric layer. This direct device fabrication is realized by selective etching of Ga2O3, leaving the encapsulated materials intact. Encapsulated 1T' MoTe2 exhibits high conductivity even after 150 days in ambient environment. This method is, therefore, highlighted as a promising and distinctive one compared with traditional passivation approaches.
Merging Organolithium Chemistry and Stereoselective Biocatalysis: Transformation of Aromatic Nitriles into Chiral Alcohols
Authors: Ríos‐Lombardía Nicolás , Morís‐Menéndez Gloria , Lavandera Iván , Gotor‐Fernández Vicente , García‐Álvarez Joaquín 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe combination of RLi‐mediated organic transformations (under air and at room temperature) with a subsequent stereoselective biocatalytic reaction is for the first time presented. Most of the previous asymmetric chemoenzymatic routes have been limited to the concomitant or sequential combination of transition metals/organocatalysts with enzymes. However, the use of polar organometallic reagents (RLi) in the design of these stereoselective hybrid protocols has been totally neglected, as far as we are concerned. Thus, in this work, the combination of organolithium chemistry and asymmetric biocatalysis is described for the first time in a one‐pot fashion. The chemoenzymatic approach converts a series of nitriles into chiral alcohols consisting of two steps, where the key item was the finding of suitable conditions to adapt the reactivities of organolithiums and alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) in the same recipient. The organolithium addition occurred with total chemoselectivity (no side reactions were observed) under neat conditions and room temperature leading to the corresponding imines, which were hydrolyzed using a buffer, and adjusting the pH for the subsequent ADH action. Commercial and made in house overexpressed ADHs allowed to produce chiral alcohols with excellent selectivities and good overall yields. The different behavior displayed for the reductive enzymes in the presence of diethyl ether clearly influenced in the decision to let the organolithium solvent evaporate under open‐air conditions before developing the bioreduction step. Our results demonstrate the importance of the fine orchestration of the reaction conditions for the development of efficient hybrid chemoenzymatic cascades without the need of intermediate isolation/purification steps or compartmentalization of the different synthetic systems.