bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi‐component optimisation of experimental parameters for maximising SERS enhancements
Authors: Yaffe Nicola R. , Ingram Andrew , Graham Duncan , Blanch Ewan W. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe present a multi‐component optimisation strategy for a range of commonly used Ag colloids as surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy substrates. The concentration‐dependent interactions of a wide range of parameters, including colloid and aggregating agent species, were considered in order to achieve optimal SERS enhancements. Few papers in the literature discuss the optimisation of these parameters, never mind multi‐component optimisation, and suboptimal responses result in SERS not being utilised to its true capabilities. Significant differences in enhancement factor were observed as a consequence of colloid–aggregating agent interactions and these are shown to be analyte specific. Both the cation and anion of the aggregating agent were found to play an important role in the optimisation process. We show that through the optimisation of experimental conditions, the reliability and applicability of SERS can be significantly improved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement and prediction of the concentration of 1‐methylcyclopropene in treatment chambers containing different packaging materials
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pérez Luis C , Harte Bruce , Auras Rafael , Burgess Gary , Beaudry Randolf M 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) has been shown to suppress ethylene response and extend the post‐harvest shelf life and quality of several fruits and vegetables. In the US and Canada, the label treatment dosage for apples is 1.0 and 0.6 µL L−1, respectively. It has been demonstrated that wood and corrugated fiberboard materials, commonly found in apple storage facilities, absorb 1‐MCP. Losses of 1‐MCP during the exposure period might compromise the effectiveness of the product. The effects of type of material (corrugated fiberboard and high density polyethylene), relative humidity (50%, 80%, and > 95%), ratios of mass of packaging material (kg) per unit volume (m3) of airspace in a treatment chamber, and initial concentration of 1‐MCP (10 and 20 µL L−1) on the available concentration of gaseous 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) in an enclosed chamber were studied.RESULTS: The concentration of 1‐MCP declined in the presence of the materials tested, but the rate at which 1‐MCP gas was removed from the chamber headspace differed markedly. The average percentage loss for HDPE was between 10 and 12% at all conditions tested, while for corrugated fiberboard it ranged from 12 to 94%.CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of 1‐MCP at any time, t, follows an exponential decay behavior. For corrugated boxes, the rate at which 1‐MCP is removed increased up to 10‐fold as the relative humidity increased from 50 to 80%. The 1‐MCP depletion rate doubled as the ratio of material was increased from 4 to 8 kg of corrugated fiberboard m−3 air. An increase of initial concentration from 10 to 20 µL L−1 reduced the rate by half. This trend was also observed for HDPE boxes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Selective preconcentration of volatile mercaptans in small SPE cartridges: Quantitative determination of trace odor‐active polyfunctional mercaptans in wine
Authors: Mateo‐Vivaracho Laura , Cacho Juan , Ferreira Vicente 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA general procedure for the selective preconcentration and purification of mercaptans has been developed. Mercaptans are strongly retained in a small (20 mg) SPE cartridge containing p‐hydroxymercurybenzoate. The cartridge can then be rinsed with relatively high volumes of polar (water/methanol mixtures) and non‐polar (pentane or pentane/ether mixtures) rinsing solutions to remove nearly all volatile compounds lacking a thiol functionality. Retained analytes are further eluted with a small volume of an organic solvent containing 1,4‐dithioerythritol. Some basic aspects of the strategy, such as the retention of p‐hydroxymercurybenzoate in the sorbent and its stability versus different rinsing and eluting systems, have been studied in depth. Light sulfur compounds contained in water or wine, including mercaptans such as methanethiol or thioethers, such as diethyl sulfide, can be quantitatively extracted, although only mercaptans can be quantitatively recovered if a polar rinsing is applied. The strategy has been applied to the GC‐MS quantitative determination of some trace polyfunctional mercaptans that are key aromas in wine, such as 2‐methyl‐3‐furanthiol, 2‐furfurylthiol, 4‐mercapto‐4‐methyl‐2‐pentanone, 3‐mercaptohexyl acetate or 3‐mercaptohexanol. The developed method reaches detection limits in the ng/L range and has a satisfactory analytical behavior, being quite simple and fast.
Ethyl caffeate from Verdicchio wine: Chromatographic purification and in vivo evaluation of its antifibrotic activity
Authors: Boselli Emanuele , Bendia Emanuele , Di Lecce Giuseppe , Benedetti Antonio , Frega Natale G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEthyl caffeate (CfE, caffeic acid ethyl ester) was extracted from dealcoholized Verdicchio, a white wine from Marche (Italy) with ethyl acetate and then purified with semipreparative reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) using an ODS2 column (25 cm×20 mm id) at an isocratic flow of 5 mL/min (the mobile phase A was formic acid 4.5% in water and the mobile phase B was acetonitrile). The CfE extract administered intraperitoneally at 1 μmol/L in rats previously treated with 10 mg/kg dimethylnitrosamine was able to prevent the dimethylnitrosamine‐induced loss in body and liver weight, as well as to reduce the degree of liver injury, as determined by alanine aminotransferase values and necroinflammatory score, after a 1‐week treatment. This was associated with a reduced hepatic stellate cells activation (from 16.8 to 8.3% of smooth muscle actin positive parenchyma) and proliferation (from 11.3 to 5.5 cells/mm2). The collagen synthesis was also reduced: the percentage of Sirius Red positive parenchyma decreased from 21.7 to 7.2%. The CfE levels of Verdicchio wine determined with RP‐HPLC‐DAD were about 14 times the active levels tested in the in vivo test. CfE can be considered as a promising natural compound for future application in chronic liver disease.
Determination of metaflumizone residues in cabbage and soil using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Dong Fengshou , Liu Xingang , Cheng Li , Chen Wuying , Li Jing , Qin Dongmei , Zheng Yongquan 
Published: October 2009

AbstractA simple confirmatory method for the determination of metaflumizone in cabbage tissues and soil samples using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐ESI/MS/MS is presented. Metaflumizone residues in cabbage and soils were extracted with acetonitrile and an aliquot was cleaned up with primary and secondary amine. Two precursor product ion transitions for metaflumizone were measured and evaluated to provide the maximum degree of confidence in results. Under ESI negative conditions, quantitation was achieved by monitoring the fragment m/z=302 and qualitative fragment m/z=116.5 while also collecting their parent ion m/z=505.5. Average recoveries for cabbage and soil at four different levels (0.01, 0.05, 1 and 5 mg/kg) ranged from 77.6 to 87.9% with RSD of 3.5–7.9% and RSDR of 4.5–7.1%. The coefficients of determination of R2⩾0.9991 were achieved for metaflumizone calibration curves from 0.01 to 5.0 μg/mL. The metaflumizone LODs in cabbage and soil were determined to be both 0.001 mg/kg with a LOQ of 0.004 mg/kg. This method was able to demonstrate quantitative recoveries and provide confirmatory data for the identification of metaflumizone residues in cabbage tissues and the surrounding soils following commercial application.
Why do I identify with thee? Let me count three ways: How ad context influences race‐based character identification
Authors: Brumbaugh Anne M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThree quasi‐experimental studies with nonstudent samples reveal that one's ability to identify with a character shown in an ad based on shared race depends on the construction of the ad and the context in which characters are depicted. Results show that race‐based identification overshadows both gender‐ and role‐based identification for a racially targeted ad for distinctive black subjects but occurs for both black and white subjects for a culturally ambiguous ad. Further, results show that race‐based character identification is absent when black and white characters are depicted in a mainstream inclusive ad and that dominant cultural norms predominate. Theoretical and managerial implications regarding the contextuality of race‐based identification, processing of source cues, and construction of ads in a pluralistic society are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using emotional benefits as a differentiation strategy in saturated markets
Authors: Barrena Ramo , Sánchez Mercedes 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe high level of product substitution in most consumer markets often makes it difficult to match supply with demand, especially in sectors with mature, saturated markets with intense competition and a high degree of product differentiation. The difficulty of using technical characteristics such as quality and/or price to differentiate products suggests that marketers could profit from gaining more insight into the way in which consumers' purchase decisions are influenced by their perceived emotions. This paper investigates this issue in the wine market, a highly saturated market with homogeneous supply, obtaining results that appear to support the notion that emotions do indeed play a part in consumer choice structures, which show a higher degree of abstraction in those segments that report a greater number of perceived emotions. This considerably complicates the task of creating a differentiated marketing strategy, in the sense that suppliers need to give much greater consideration to consumers' self‐awareness. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Star‐Shaped Polyacrylates: Highly Functionalized Architectures via CuAAC Click Conjugation
Authors: Lammens Mieke , Fournier David , Fijten Martin W. M. , Hoogenboom Richard , Prez Filip Du 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWell‐defined functional star‐shaped polymer structures with up to 29 arms have been successfully synthesized by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click chemistry. First, azide end‐functionalized poly(isobornyl acrylate) (PiBA) star‐shaped polymers were prepared by successive ATRP and bromine substitution. Subsequently, alkyne end‐functionalized molecules and polymers were introduced onto the star‐shaped PiBA bearing pendant azide moieties by copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The possibilities and limits for the CuAAC on such highly branched polyacrylates are described.magnified image
Scattering of a 2D Schrödinger equation with exponential growth in the conformal space
Authors: Saanouni Tarek 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe investigate the asymptotic behavior of global solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a defocusing exponential nonlinearity in two space dimensions. We prove that any (global) solution approaches a unique free Schrödinger solution at the time infinity in the conformal space. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prolonged compound muscle action potential duration in critical illness myopathy
Authors: Goodman Brent P. , Harper C. Michel , Boon Andrea J. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractCritical illness myopathy (CIM) is a frequent cause of generalized weakness in the intensive care unit. Prolonged compound muscle action potential (CMAP) durations have been described in this patient population, and this study presents further data on CMAP duration in normal controls and patients with CIM. The findings highlight the importance of testing multiple nerve muscle combinations in weak, critically ill patients. Recognition of this pattern, which has not been widely described, can facilitate the diagnosis of CIM. Muscle Nerve, 2009
In vivo assessment of HCN channel current (Ih) in human motor axons
Authors: Tomlinson Susan , Burke David , Hanna Mike , Koltzenburg Martin , Bostock Hugh 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe “Trond” protocol of nerve excitability tests has been used widely to assess axonal function in peripheral nerve. In this study, the routine Trond protocol was expanded to refine assessment of cAMP‐dependent, hyperpolarization‐activated current (Ih) activity. Ih activity is generated by hyperpolarization‐activated, cyclic nucleotide–modulated (HCN) channels in response to hyperpolarization. It limits activity‐dependent hyperpolarization, contributes to neuronal automaticity, and is implicated in chronic pain states. Published data regarding Ih activity in motor nerve are scant. We used additional strong, prolonged hyperpolarizing conditioning stimuli in the threshold electrotonus component of the Trond protocol to demonstrate the time‐course of activation of Ih in motor axons. Fifteen healthy volunteers were tested on four occasions during 1 week. Ih action was revealed in the threshold electrotonus by the limiting and often reversal, after about 100 ms, of the threshold increase caused by strong hyperpolarizing currents. Statistical analysis by repeated‐measures analysis of variance enabled confidence limits to be established for variation between subjects and within subjects. The results demonstrate that, of all the excitability parameters, those dependent on Ih were the most characteristic of an individual, because variance between subjects was more than four times the variance within subjects. This study demonstrates a reliable method for in vivo assessment of Ih, and also serves to document the normal variability in nerve excitability properties within subjects. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Linearity and reliability of the mechanomyographic amplitude versus dynamic torque relationships for the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles
Authors: Stock Matthew S. , Beck Travis W. , DeFreitas Jason M. , Dillon Michael A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to examine the linearity and reliability of the mechanomyographic (MMG) amplitude versus dynamic torque relationships for the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis (VM) muscles. Nine healthy men and 11 healthy women performed submaximal to maximal, concentric, isokinetic muscle actions of the leg extensors at 30° s−1 on two occasions. Surface MMG signals were detected from the VL, RF, and VM of the dominant thigh during both trials. The ranges of the coefficients of determination for the MMG amplitude versus dynamic torque relationships were 0.01–0.94 for the VL, 0.01–0.84 for the RF, and 0.19–0.96 for the VM. The intraclass correlation coefficients for the linear MMG amplitude versus torque slope coefficients were 0.823 (VL), 0.792 (RF), and 0.927 (VM). These results indicate that, when analyzed for individual subjects, the MMG amplitude versus dynamic torque relationships demonstrated inconsistent linearity. When using MMG in the clinical setting, dynamic muscle actions of the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles do not appear to be appropriate for assessing changes in muscle function during strength training. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Sensory ataxic neuropathy dysarthria and ophthalmoparesis (SANDO) in a sibling pair with a homozygous p.A467T POLG mutation
Authors: McHugh John C. , Lonergan Roisin , Howley Rachel , O'Rourke Killian , Taylor Robert W. , Farrell Michael , Hutchinson Michael , Connolly Sean 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo siblings who developed fifth‐decade‐onset, concurrent progressive sensory ataxia, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis were found to be homozygous for the p.A467T mutation of the polymerase gamma (POLG) gene. The clinical course in both subjects was progression to severe disability. The enlarging spectrum of sensory ataxic neuropathies associated with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) instability and POLG mutations should be recognized and considered in the differential diagnosis of this unusual presentation. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Conduction block of peripheral nerve using high‐frequency alternating currents delivered through an intrafascicular electrode
Authors: Ackermann D. Michael , Foldes Emily L. , Bhadra Niloy , Kilgore Kevin L. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractMany diseases are characterized by undesired or pathological neural activity. The local delivery of high‐frequency currents has been shown to be an effective method for blocking neural conduction in peripheral nerves and may provide a therapy for these conditions. To date, all studies of high‐frequency conduction block have utilized extraneural (cuff) electrodes to achieve conduction block. In this study we show that high‐frequency conduction block is feasible using intrafascicular electrodes. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Sonographic measurements of longitudinal median nerve sliding in patients following nerve repair
Authors: Erel Ertan , Dilley Andrew , Turner Sarah , Kumar Prem , Bhatti Waqar A. , Lees Vivien C. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractNerve sliding may be restricted following nerve repair. This could result in increased tension across the repair site and lead to poor functional recovery of the nerve. Ultrasound was used to examine longitudinal median nerve sliding in 10 patients who had previously undergone nerve repair surgery following complete division of the median nerve. The median longitudinal movement in the forearm in response to metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint movements was 2.15 mm on the injured side, compared with 2.54 mm on the uninjured side, a difference that was significant. There was a significant reduction in nerve sliding following repair (median = 8%, range −8% to 54%; P = 0.02), which correlated with time from injury to surgery (rho = 0.87; P = 0.001). These results indicate that ultrasound can be used as an adjunct assessment tool to monitor both morphology and sliding of the nerve through the repair site. It may have future application in the investigation of patients with persisting functional impairment following primary nerve repair. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: Do neurotrophins play a role?
Authors: Angelucci Francesco , Colantoni Luca 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAlthough the molecular defect of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is well established and involves the contraction of the polymorphic 3.3 kb D4Z4 repeat on the subtelomeric region of chromosome 4q35, the pathologic effects of this deletion remain largely unknown. As a consequence, no specific treatment for FSHD is at present available. Thus, there is the need to explore new areas in an attempt to better characterize pathophysiological alterations in FSHD that might be useful for managing the disease. Neurotrophins (nerve growth factor, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin‐3, and neurotrophin‐4/5) are a class of proteins involved in the development, maintenance, and function of neurons of the peripheral and central nervous systems. In addition, neurotrophins and their RNAs are expressed in muscle, where they have a role in development and regeneration. In this article we put together the experimental evidence that indicates neurotrophins might be involved in the pathophysiology of FSHD and discuss the possible implications of this assumption. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Ros‐mediated activation of NF‐κB and Foxo during muscle disuse
Authors: Dodd Stephen L. , Gagnon Brittany J. , Senf Sarah M. , Hain Brian A. , Judge Andrew R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe examined reactive oxygen species as upstream activators of nuclear factor κB; (NF‐κB) and forkhead box O (Foxo) in skeletal muscle during disuse atrophy. Catalase, an enzyme that degrades H2O2, was overexpressed in soleus muscles via plasmid injection prior to 7 days of hindlimb immobilization. The increased catalase activity abolished immobilization‐induced transactivation of both NF‐κB and Foxo and attenuated the loss of muscle mass. Thus, H2O2 may be an important initiator of these signaling pathways that lead to muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve, 2010
To wait or not to wait: Optimal ordering under lead time uncertainty and forecast updating
Authors: Wang Yimin , Tomlin Brian 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThere has been a dramatic increase over the past decade in the number of firms that source finished product from overseas. Although this has reduced procurement costs, it has increased supply risk; procurement lead times are longer and are often unreliable. In deciding when and how much to order, firms must consider the lead time risk and the demand risk, i.e., the accuracy of their demand forecast. To improve the accuracy of its demand forecast, a firm may update its forecast as the selling season approaches. In this article we consider both forecast updating and lead time uncertainty. We characterize the firm's optimal procurement policy, and we prove that, with multiplicative forecast revisions, the firm's optimal procurement time is independent of the demand forecast evolution but that the optimal procurement quantity is not. This leads to a number of important managerial insights into the firm's planning process. We show that the firm becomes less sensitive to lead time variability as the forecast updating process becomes more efficient. Interestingly, a forecast‐updating firm might procure earlier than a firm with no forecast updating. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Adaptive Kronrod–Patterson integration of non‐linear finite element matrices
Authors: Janssen Hans 
Published: October 2009

AbstractEfficient simulation of unsaturated moisture flow in porous media is of great importance in many engineering fields. The highly non‐linear character of unsaturated flow typically gives sharp moving moisture fronts during wetting and drying of materials with strong local moisture permeability and capacity variations as result. It is shown that these strong variations conflict with the common preference for low‐order numerical integration in finite element simulations of unsaturated moisture flow: inaccurate numerical integration leads to errors that are often far more important than errors from inappropriate discretization.In response, this article develops adaptive integration, based on nested Kronrod–Patterson–Gauss integration schemes: basically, the integration order is adapted to the locally observed grade of non‐linearity. Adaptive integration is developed based on a standard infiltration problem, and it is demonstrated that serious reductions in the numbers of required integration points and discretization nodes can be obtained, thus significantly increasing computational efficiency. The multi‐dimensional applicability is exemplified with two‐dimensional wetting and drying applications.While developed for finite element unsaturated moisture transfer simulation, adaptive integration is similarly applicable for other non‐linear problems and other discretization methods, and whereas perhaps outperformed by mesh‐adaptive techniques, adaptive integration requires much less implementation and computation. Both techniques can moreover be easily combined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An example of a severe neck injury with survival seen in a Bronze Age burial
Authors: Jiménez‐Brobeil S. A. , Al Oumaoui I. , Fernández de la Gala J. V. , Laffranchi Z. , Roca M. G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe present a paleopathological analysis of an adult male from the Bronze Age site of Motilla del Azuer (Daimiel, Ciudad Real) from the Spanish region of La Mancha. The hyoid bone from this individual exhibits a healed fracture. This is an exceptional archaeological find. This injury is extremely rare apart from hanging and strangulation, and it is even rarer since the individual survived this injury to his neck. This injury was probably produced by a direct impact to the neck. This event could have been the result of an accident or that of intentional aggression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.