bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Low Frequency Noises Exposure on the Precision of Human at the Mathematical Tasks
Authors: Javadi Anis , Pourabdian Siamak , Forouharmajd Farhad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Low-frequency noise is produced from different sources in the working environments such as pumps. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-frequency noise on precision and focusing of the studied subjects.

Methods:
This cross-sectional–interventional study was performed on 13 students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The precision of individual subjects was evaluated using the mental arithmetic test. The sound sources with frequencies of 125, 250, and 1000 Hz at 75, 85, and 95 dB sound pressure levels. Also, the rate of precision was measured before the exposure (time “zero”), and at 45 and 90 min. SPSS (Ver. 26) software was used to analyze the data.

Results:
Comparison of the precision scores of the individuals between the frequencies of 125 and 250 Hz at the sound pressure level of 75 dB and at 45 min (P = 0.032). And 90 min (P = 0.006). And also, the frequencies of 250 Hz and 1000 Hz at the time of 45 min. At the sound pressure levels of 85 dB (P = 0.019). And 95 dB (P = 0.043) and at the time of 90 min. At the sound pressure levels of 85 dB (0.027). And 95 dB (P = 0.009) demonstrated a significant difference.

Conclusions:
We concluded that low frequency noises could reduce the person's precision. While for 125 Hz noises, just increasing of the exposure time was effective on the precision reduction. But for 250 Hz noises, both parameters increasing including exposure time and sound pressure levels, was effective.
Impact of Cigarettes Smoking on Undergraduates’ Lung Health and Functional Performance
Authors: Mohamed Abdelaal Ashraf Abdelaal , Mohamed Mousa Gihan Samir 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cigarettes Smoking is a major social and global health problem. Cigarette smoking continues to be a major contributor to deteriorated health status across different age categories. Clarifying the impact of the cigarette smoking on young adults’ lungs health and functional aspects can serve eliminating further deterioration in health status and establishing proper management regimens. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on lung health (age and functions) and functional performance in the university smoker students.

Methods:
One hundred and Thirty eligible volunteer, current smoker students participated in this study to objectively evaluate their pulmonary functions (including forced vital capacity “FVC”, forced expiratory volume in one second “FEV1”, FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow rate “PEFr”), lung age and functional performance (via the 6-minutes’ walk test “6MWT”) and compare “the observed” with “the predicted normal” mean values. Data were analyzed via SPSS program using the student t-test.

Results:
There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the “observed” and the “predicted normal” FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFr, lung age, and the 6MWT mean values. The “observed” and the “predicted normal” FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFr, lung age and the 6MWT mean values were [(4.47 ± 0.53, 4.77 ± 0.5 liter), (3.95 ± 0.42, 4.08 ± 0.4 liter), (88.74 ± 7.17, 85.59 ± 4.91%), (550.75 ± 114.96, 572.72 ± 53.02 liter/minute), (32.77 ± 9.44, 21.55 ± 1.37 year), (387.06 ± 56.47, 466.82 ± 18.45 meter)], respectively.

Conclusions:
Cigarette smoking negatively impacts the lung age, functions, and functional performance of the university smoker students; the concept that can be used to encourage prevention and early smoking cessation.
Effect of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products on Liver Enzymes in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Patients in Iran
Authors: Fakhri Moloud , Fakheri Hafez , Azadbakht Mohammad , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Yousefi Seyde Sedighe 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver is the most common chronic liver disease. Regarding the side effects of synthetic medicines and the variety of natural products in Iran climate, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of medicinal plants and natural products on liver enzymes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Iran using meta-analysis.

Methods:
To extract the intended studies, internal and external databases, including SID, Magiran, IranDoc, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and Clinical Trial Registration System of Clinical trial.gov, the ISRCTN system, as well as Clinical Trial Registration System affiliated to the World Health Organization were searched. The obtained data were analyzed in STATA.14 software. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 44 rstudies were reviewed with a sample size of 1298 participant; they were published in the period from 2009 to 2018, silymarin had the highest effect on the reduction of AST (SMD = -2.68), cinnamon excreted the most profound effect on ALT (SMD = -2.69). In addition, cinnamon had the highest effect on gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (SMD:-3.17), and curcumin had the highest effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (SMD = -1.88). In the lipid profile, the effect of medicinal herbs and natural products on lowering total cholesterol and LDL was statistically significant. In the glycemic profile, the effect of medicinal plants and natural products on the reduction of fasting blood sugar, insulin, and hemoglobin A1c levels was statistically significant.

Conclusions:
As evidenced by the obtained results, the highest effect of using natural products was observed in the reduction of GGT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, respectively; nonetheless, the effect of natural products on ALP reduction was not statistically significant.
The Cutoff of Gonadotropins for Close Evaluation of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Koohmanaee Shahin , Motamed Behrang , Ghorbandoust Sharareh , Badeli Hamidreza , Rad Afagh Hassanzadeh , Dalili Setila , Darabipour Zohre 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Turner syndrome is a common genetic disorder in females. It is a disorder characterized by variable number of clinical features, so it needs a multidisciplinary approach for care. Therefore, we aimed to define the cutoff of gonadotropins for close evaluation of cardiometabolic risk factors in Turner syndrome.

Methods:
This is a case-control study on 31 patients with Turner syndrome and 31 healthy individuals. Clinical examination including blood pressure measurement and systems evaluation was performed. Laboratory testing, which included 12-h fasting, assessed lipid profile, glucose, and serum gonadotropin.

Results:
Turner syndrome had a higher BMI, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure than the normal group (P < 0.001) Patients with Turner syndrome had significantly higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and TG-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio compared to the healthy individuals (P < 0.05). With increasing LH and FSH, BMI values, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol increased significantly (P < 0.001). Serum TG levels in Turner syndrome were only positively correlated with LH and not correlated with FSH. The cutoff point of LH and FSH for triglyceride in upper 75 percentile were 31 (sensitivity = 38.1%, specificity = 80%) and 48 (sensitivity = 61.9%, specificity = 70%), respectively.

Conclusions:
Based on dyslipidemia and lower level of ejection fraction, considering cardiometabolic risk factors in lower age groups in Turner syndrome can be recommended.
Hepato-Protection Effect of Curcumin Against Methylphenidate-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Ahmadinasab Haleh , Motaghinejad Majid , Nosratabad Bahareh Arabzadeh , Bozorgniahosseini Seyedehnahal , Rostami Parastoo , Jafarabadi Golbarg Shabani , Motevalian Manijeh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
As a psychostimulant agent, methylphenidate (MPH) abuse can cause serious liver damage. Studies have documented the hepatoprotective impacts of curcumin on liver damage. According to this definition, the purpose of this study is to explain the hapatoprotective effects of curcumin against the hepatotoxicity induced by MPH.

Methods:
Seventy rats were equally divided into seven groups (10 rats per group). Groups 1 and 2 received normal saline (0.7 mL/rat) and MPH (10 mg/kg), respectively for 21 days. Groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 concurrently received MPH (10 mg/ kg) and curcumin (10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. Group 7 was treated with curcumin (60 mg/kg) alone for 21 days. The hepatic function test key enzymes such as AST, ALP, and histology of liver tissue (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels was studied in the blood samples, and also, the histopathological changes and cell density changes were evaluated in the liver tissue.

Results:
The latest studies have shown that the administration of MPH induces rises in the AST, ALT, and ALP levels and induces degeneration changes in histopathology, whereas curcumin administration at doses of 40 and 60 mg/kg reduced the elevation of MPH-induced hepatic enzyme and inhibited histopathological degeneration in the MPH-treated classes. Curcumin alone (60 mg/kg) did not alter the biochemical and histological parameters.

Conclusions:
Curcumin can function as a hepatoprotective agent against MPH-induced hepatotoxicity.
Predictors of Breast Cancer Screening behavior in Women aged 20-69 Referred to Public Health Centers
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Roohparvarzadeh Nasim , Yadegarfar Ghasem 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Delay in the diagnosis of breast cancer is a major challenge that can lead to disease progression. Identifying the predictors of breast cancer screening behavior is necessary to promote early detection of breast cancer. This study aims to investigate the predictors of breast cancer screening behavior in women aged 20–69 referred to public health centers.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 17255 women aged 20–69 years old in Isfahan Province referred to Public Health Centers by the multi-stage random sampling method. data were collected based on the paper forms of women's care aged 20–69 at public health centers, Isfahan, Iran, in 2012. Using STATA 14, logistic regression was employed to explore predictors of breast cancer screening behavior at a 5% significance level.

Results:
The mean age of women was 36.75 ± 10.46. About 6006 (34.8%) of women had a history of breast self-examination, and among women aged over 40 years, 17.7% reported ever having a mammogram. The most important factors influencing breast self-examination were age 40–49 (OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06-1.33), history of hormone consumption (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.15-1.33), family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives (OR = 14.22; 95% CI: 9.83-20.57. The most important factors influencing mammography were hormone consumption (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.05-1.51), and family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives (OR = 32.55; 95% CI: 20.08-52.70).

Conclusions:
Our findings indicated that the performance of breast self-examination and mammography was low. The frequency of BC screening behavior was higher among women with BC risk factors The results revealed the need for health authorities to pay attention to education in BC detection methods.
Effect of Educational Program Based on Health Literacy Index on Self-Care Ability Among Older Adults
Authors: Ghalenow Hossein Rashki , Nikpeyma Nasrin , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Ansari Mostafa , Pashaeypoor Shahzad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Health literacy index (HLI) was developed to provide a proper framework for educational material in all levels. So, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on (HLI) on the self-care ability among older adults.

Methods:
This randomized clinical trial was conducted with 68 older adults during the period of May–August 2019. The research setting was health centers in the south of Tehran, Iran. Samples were selected with considering the inclusion criteria. Then Block randomization was used to assign the participants into two groups. The intervention group for 4 weeks in groups of 8–10 in the intervention group. Self-care ability was measured using a self-care questionnaire in two stages, before and two months after the implementation of intervention. The control group received no education and only used the routine community house services. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software (version 16.0). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and independent t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The mean total self-care ability scores in the intervention group were 165.38 ± 10.69 and 184.28 ± 10.07 before and after intervention, respectively. These scores in the control group were 163.65 ± 13.27 and 167.52 ± 13.58, respectively (P < 0.001). The results showed significant differences between the two groups regarding self-care ability after the intervention (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The implementation of education based on HLI significantly improve the self-care behaviors in older adults. It is suggested that this approach should be established to fit of educational content appropriate to the age of the elderly in order to health promotion. Trial Registration: The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on May 23, 2018, identifier: IRCT20170912036150N1.
Lessons to be Learned
Authors: Bener Abdulbari , Atak Muhammed , Morgul Ebru , Barışık Cem Cahit 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The world experienced the greatest pandemic of the 21st century with the emergence of a new and readily transmissible the coronavirus disease. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of the public towards the pandemic is an essential part of developing effective preventive strategies.

Aim:
The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning the coronavirus (COVID-19) among population in Istanbul.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional and multi-stage, stratified random sampling based on multi-center population of Istanbul. A total of 5,414 persons were contacted and 4361 participants (80.5%) gave consent. The data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression analyses.

Results:
There were significant differences between low education and high educational level with respect to age groups, gender, occupation, income, residence, number of rooms and family members (P < 0.001). Responses concerning knowledge of COVID-19 indicated that subjects with high education level were significantly higher regarding knowledge of the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and methods of detecting COVID-19 respectively. Majority of the participants consider COVID-19 risk is higher than AIDS or Cancer (75.8% of low education vs. 67.2% of high education level (P < 0.001). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis revealed that monthly income status (P < 0.001), appropriate method of detecting COVID-19 (P < 0.001), occupational status (P < 0.001), medical mask prevent against COVID-19 (P < 0.001), eating or contacting wild animals (P < 0.001), isolation and treatment of people reduce risk (P < 0.001), isolation 14 days (P < 0.001), avoid going to crowded places such as train-metro, bus, restaurants and shopping (P = 0.003), COVID-19 spreads via-respiratory droplets (P = 0.004), afraid of travel (P = 0.026) were significantly associated with COVID-19 knowledge.

Conclusions:
The current study results revealed that the educational level and occupation especially sedentary are correlated positively with knowledge, attitude and practices. This finding is not surprising since higher education levels and professional status are associated with good KAP in most epidemic diseases including COVID-19. Nevertheless, the recent experience with COVID-19 has provided lessons on strategy and policy making.
Menstrual and Reproductive Factors and Risk of Breast Cancer in Iranian Female Population
Authors: Manouchehri Elham , Taghipour Ali , Ghavami Vahid , Shandiz Fatemeh Homaei , Ebadi Abbas , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer in Iranian females. Due to the changes in lifestyle and reproductive risk factors, the BC incidence rate has been rapidly increasing. Knowing risk factors of BC could significantly contribute to improve preventive behaviors. To investigate the relationship between menstrual and reproductive factors and BC in Iranian female population.

Methods:
Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and SID as well as references of included studies were searched. Among relevant published observational studies, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled risk estimates for the risk factors were determined using random-effects models due to the presence of substantial heterogeneity (P < 0.05).

Results:
All of the selected studies had case–control design. There was a positive relationship between maternal age at first pregnancy and risk of BC (OR = 1.79 95% CI: 1.36–2.35). Also, menopausal status was associated with higher risk of BC (OR = 1.60 95% CI: 1.18–2.17), whereas, there was no association between menarche age and increased risk of BC (OR = 0.55 95% CI: 0.29–1.03). History of abortion (OR = 1.21 95% CI: 0.97–1.5), nulliparity (OR = 1.43 95% CI: 0.89–2.31), and breastfeeding history (OR = 0.68 95% CI: 0.42–1.09) were not associated with BC risk.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that age at the first pregnancy and menopausal status were significantly associated with BC risk among Iranian women, whereas menarche age, nulliparity, and history of breastfeeding were not. In regard to the history of abortion, our findings revealed no association with BC, but in high-quality studies, this relationship was significant.
Assessment of Satisfaction with Drug Provision of Antihypertensive Drugs at the Outpatient Level of Privileged Categories of Residens
Authors: Jamil Abuov , Sundetgali1 Kalmakhanov , Laura Seiduanova , Ainur Tekmanova , Daniyar Toksanbayev , Sabit Pazilov , Kanatzhan Kemelbekov 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The existing system of outpatient drug provision of citizens allows providing certain categories of citizens and patients with certain types of diseases on a free basis. The purpose of the study is to analysis and evaluate the system of providing preferential categories of citizens with antihypertensive drugs at the level of primary health care.

Materials and Methods:
To determine the level of satisfaction of citizens with drug provision at the outpatient level, 3118 respondents were interviewed using a questionnaire for persons who received free medicines for the treatment of hypertension. The questionnaire consisted of 20 questions. They were distributed by sex and age criterion. The ratio of male and female respondents was 51.7% and 48.7%, respectively.

Results:
Thus, the results of a sociological study to study the opinions of the population about the existing system of free outpatient care revealed some organizational and managerial problems. Although that patients with hypertension since 2012 receive drugs for free, 37% noted that they bought at full cost in pharmacies, which should be released free of charge for privileged categories of citizens. Also, 77% of respondents claimed that they were not invited to outpatient organizations to receive drugs.

Conclusions:
In solving the problems of improving the organization and management, it is necessary to take into account regional peculiarities, which allow, based on the use of a set of methods of analysis and forecasting, to assess the state and trends of development, to identify its strengths and weaknesses, to assess the factors of the external and internal environment.
Tobacco Use Pattern, Dependence, Oral Cancer Awareness and Health Education needs Among Urban Slum Dwellers of Jodhpur City
Authors: Joshi Vibha , Joshi Nitin Kumar , Bajaj Komal 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The rapid migration from rural to urban region results in mushrooming of slums in India. Urban-slums are comparatively poor vulnerable groups which are mostly affected with oral cancer due to higher exposure to risk factors like tobacco use.

Aims:
To assess pattern of tobacco consumption, awareness about oral cancer and related health education needs in urban slums of Jodhpur city.

Methods:
Study was conducted during July 2018Nov 2018 in slum of Jodhpur city. On the basis of cluster sampling strategy data were collected from 1200 participants regarding tobacco use and perception regarding oral cancer to identify health education needs in urban slums. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, multivariate logistics analysis were used and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
A total of 1200 participants were surveyed, out of which 48.5% were males. Among the study population, 58.5% (n = 462/789) males and 41.45% (n = 327/789) females were consuming tobacco in one or more forms. The statistical association between: age and bidi, gutka, zarda consumption; gender and bidi, cigarette, gutka consumption was found to be significant (P < 0.001). The younger population (1530 years) has more willingness to quit tobacco than the older population. (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.092.11). Almost 56% were aware of oral cancer.

Conclusions:
An effective information, education and communication (IEC) strategy for tobacco cessation should be designed with focus on different education needs according to age, gender, and education status of slum population.
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Persian Version of Thailand Physical Activity Children Survey Questionnaire
Authors: Khosravi Afifeh , Kelishadi Roya , Selk-Ghaffari Maryam , Hassanmirzaei Bahar , Kordi Ramin 
Published: May 2024

Background:
According to the importance of physical activity in the child's physical and mental development and cognitive health, developing a valid, reliable, and comprehensive assessment tool for children's physical activity is mandated. The purpose of this study is the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian version of the Thailand Physical Activity Children Survey questionnaire to measure the level of physical activity in children aged between 6–9 years in Iran.

Methods:
This study consisted of three stages, first, the questionnaire translation into Persian language and modification of the sections according to the Iranian culture, then the evaluation of the questionnaire via a pilot study, and finally, assessing the reliability and validity of the tool. Participants of the pilot study were 250 healthy children, aged 6 to 9 years, meeting eligibility criteria, recruited through a stratified cluster sampling method from schools across Tehran.

Results:
The Persian version of the questionnaire demonstrated an acceptable content validity (Content Validity Index between 0.88-1). The test-retest reliability reported the Intra-Class Correlation coefficient in the acceptable range in all sections (between 0.71-1). Cronbach's alpha was reported 0.993, which indicated excellent internal consistency.

Conclusions:
According to the acceptable validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Thailand Physical Activity Children Survey for children aged 6–9 years, it is recommended in research and surveillance studies to determine the level of physical activity of children of that age group in Iran.