bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of alternative arrangements, contingent jobs, and work secured through an app on the well‐being of working age adults: Results from the California Work and Health Survey
Authors: Yelin Edward , Trupin Laura , Iley Trisha , Rhee Nari , Lafrance Alicia , Varghese Mac Ima 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is recognition of the growing prevalence of alternative work arrangements, contingent jobs, and work secured through an app. However, there have been few systematic efforts to understand the impact of these forms of work on individuals and households.MethodsThe data derive from the California Work and Health Survey administered to a sample of the working age population of the state solicited through random‐digit dialing of cell phone numbers. 4014 individuals completed the survey, 26% of those with an in‐service cell phone number. We present odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression estimating the impact of being an independent contractor, in other forms of alternative work arrangements, in contingent jobs, and in work secured through an app, on economic and health status and working conditions in main jobs, with and without adjustment for covariates.ResultsSeveral of the forms of work analyzed are associated with lower earnings and higher rates of wage theft, household poverty, benefit recipiency, and expectation of hardships in food, housing, and medical care in the immediate future. Association between the forms of work and current health status is less consistent. However, several forms of work are associated with working conditions known to be risk factors for subsequent health problems.ConclusionsPublic policy to mitigate the adverse impacts of work, largely developed in the 20th Century when there was an identified workplace, may be insufficient to protect workers' well‐being for alternative work arrangements, contingent jobs, and work secured through an app.
Effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions in the workplace: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ayaz Dilek , Asi Ercan , Meydanlioglu Ayse , Oncel Selma 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesWorkplaces are suitable areas for smoking cessation programs and incentives. This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of interventions in the workplace for smoking cessation in working individuals.MethodsAll studies published in English between 2013 and 2022 were searched in Pub Med, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases. Meta‐analysis was based on PRISMA 2020. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO. A random effects model was applied to the meta‐analysis processes, and Hedges' g was used to calculate the effect size.ResultsOf the included studies, 11 were randomized controlled trials, and 8 were cluster randomized controlled trials. In different working sectors, various interventions such as motivational/individual interviews, group counseling, telephone coaching, web‐based training, mindfulness meditation, and financial interventions were implemented. These interventions were carried out alone or in combination with one or more other interventions. The interventions generally have short‐term effects, and financial incentives or supports were the factors that positively motivate the interventions. The joint effect size of attempts to quit smoking in the workplace (Hedges' g) was 1.171. Heterogeneity between studies was significant (Q = 199.762, p = 0.015, I2 = 80.477%). No publication bias was detected.ConclusionsWe determined that smoking cessation interventions applied in the workplace have a large effect. We recommend that the long‐term effects of increasing effectiveness of these interventions be considered and planned in line with the needs of working groups.
New insights into the landscape of ALPL gene variants in patients with hypophosphatasia from the Global HPP Registry
Authors: Kishnani Priya S. , Seefried Lothar , Dahir Kathryn M. , Martos‐Moreno Gabriel Ángel , Linglart Agnès , Petryk Anna , Mowrey William R. , Fang Shona , Ozono Keiichi , Högler Wolfgang , Rockman‐Greenberg Cheryl 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare, inherited metabolic disease characterized by low tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase activity due to ALPL gene variants. We describe ALPL variants from the observational, prospective, multinational Global HPP Registry. Inclusion in the analysis required a diagnosis of HPP, low serum ALP activity, and ≥1 ALPL variant. Of 1176 patients enrolled as of September 2022, 814 met inclusion criteria in Europe (48.9%), North America (36.7%), Japan (10.2%), Australia (2.6%), and elsewhere (1.6%). Most patients (74.7%) had 1 ALPL variant; 25.3% had ≥2 variants. Nearly all patients (95.6%) had known disease‐causing variants; 4.4% had variants of uncertain significance. Disease‐causing variants were predominantly missense (770/1556 alleles). The most common variants were c.571G>A (102/1628 alleles), c.1250A>G (66/1628 alleles), and c.1559del (61/1628 alleles). Variant profiles were generally consistent, except in Japan, where a higher proportion of patients (68.7%) had ≥2 ALPL variants, likely because more had disease onset before age 6 months (53.0% vs. 10.1%–23.1% elsewhere). Frameshift mutations (61/164 alleles) and inframe deletions (7/164 alleles) were more common in Japan. Twenty‐three novel variants were discovered, each in a single geographic region, predominantly Europe. Analyses confirmed previously known ALPL variants, identified novel variants, and characterized geographic variation in frequency and type of ALPL variants in a large population.
University of Washington Quality of Life subdomain outcomes after treatment of sinonasal malignancy: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Maoz Sabrina L. , Golzar Autreen , Choby Garret , Hwang Peter H. , Wang Eric W. , Kuan Edward C. , Adappa Nithin D. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Getz Anne E. , Humphreys Ian M. , Le Christopher H. , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos D. , Fischer Jakob L. , Chan Erik P. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Chang Eugene H. , Jafari Aria , Kingdom Todd T. , Kohanski Michael A. , Lee Jivianne K. , Lazor Jillian W. , Nabavizadeh Ali , Nayak Jayakar V. , Palmer James N. , Patel Zara M. , Resnick Adam C. , Smith Timothy L. , Snyderman Carl H. , St. John Maie A. , Storm Phillip B. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang Marilene B. , Sim Myung S. , Beswick Daniel M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeSinonasal malignancies (SNMs) adversely impact patients’ quality of life (QOL) and are frequently identified at an advanced stage. Because these tumors are rare, there are few studies that examine the specific QOL areas that are impacted. This knowledge would help improve the care of these patients.MethodsIn this prospective, multi‐institutional study, 273 patients with SNMs who underwent definitive treatment with curative intent were evaluated. We used the University of Washington Quality of Life (UWQOL) instrument over 5 years from diagnosis to identify demographic, treatment, and disease‐related factors that influence each of the 12 UWQOL subdomains from baseline to 5 ‐years post‐treatment.ResultsMultivariate models found endoscopic resection predicted improved pain (vs. nonsurgical treatment CI 2.4, 19.4, p = 0.01) and appearance versus open (CI 27.0, 35.0, p < 0.001) or combined (CI 10.4, 17.1, p < 0.001). Pterygopalatine fossa involvement predicted worse swallow (CI −10.8, −2.4, p = 0.01) and pain (CI −17.0, −4.0, p < 0.001). Neck dissection predicted worse swallow (CI −14.8, −2.8, p < 0.001), taste (CI −31.7, −1.5, p = 0.02), and salivary symptoms (CI −28.4, −8.6, p < 0.001). Maxillary involvement predicted worse chewing (CI 9.8, 33.2; p < 0.001) and speech (CI −21.8, −5.4, p < 0.001) relative to other sites. Advanced T stage predicted worse anxiety (CI −13.0, −2.0, p = 0.03).ConclusionsSurgical approach, management of cervical disease, tumor extent, and site of involvement impacted variable UWQOL symptom areas. Endoscopic resection predicted better pain, appearance, and chewing compared with open. These results may aid in counseling patients regarding potential QOL expectations in their SNM treatment and recovery course.
Lernen aus Protein‐Engineering durch Dekonvolution von Multi‐Mutationalen Enzymvarianten**
Authors: Hollmann Frank , Sanchis Joaquin , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiese Übersicht analysiert eine Entwicklung in der Biochemie, Enzymologie und Biotechnologie, die ursprünglich als Überraschung betrachtet wurde. Nach der Etablierung der gerichteten Evolution stereoselektiver Enzyme in der organischen Chemie wurde das Konzept der partiellen oder vollständigen Dekonvolution selektiver multi‐mutationaler Varianten eingeführt. Frühe Dekonvolutionsexperimente von stereoselektiven Enzymvarianten führten zu der Erkenntnis, dass Mutationen kooperativ oder antagonistisch miteinander interagieren können, nicht nur additiv. Im letzten Jahrzehnt wurde dieses Phänomen als allgemeingültig nachgewiesen. In einigen Studien wurden molekulardynamische (MD) und quantenmechanische/ molekülmechanische (QM/MM) Berechnungen durchgeführt, um Licht auf den Ursprung der Nicht‐Additivität in allen Phasen eines evolutionären Aufstiegs zu werfen. Daten der vollständigen Dekonvolution können verwendet werden, um einzigartige mehrdimensionale, zerklüftete („rugged“) Fitness‐Pfad‐Landschaften experimentell zu konstruieren. Sie bieten mechanistische Einblicke, die sich von traditionellen Fitnesslandschaften erheblich unterscheiden. In einem verwandten Bereich haben Biochemiker lange das Ergebnis der Einführung von zwei Punktmutationen in einem Enzym aus mechanistischen Gründen getestet, gefolgt von einem Vergleich mit der entsprechenden Doppelmutante in sogenannten Doppelmutanten‐Zyklen, die ursprünglich nur additive Effekte zeigten. In jüngerer Zeit wurden auch hier kooperative und antagonistische nicht‐additive Effekte aufgedeckt. Wir schließen mit Vorschlägen für zukünftige Arbeiten und fordern ein einheitliches Gesamtbild von Nicht‐Additivität und Epistasis.
Stellated cuboctahedron of FeIII
Authors: Wilson Lucinda R. B. , Canaj Angelos B. , Cutler Daniel J. , McCormick McPherson Laura J. , Coles Simon J. , Nojiri Hiroyuki , Evangelisti Marco , Schnack Jürgen , Dalgarno Scott J. , Brechin Euan K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe solvothermal reaction of FeCl2 ⋅ 4H2O and H4TBC[4] in a basic dmf/EtOH solution affords an [FeIII18] Keplerate conforming to a stellated cuboctahedron. Magnetic and heat capacity measurements reveal spin frustration effects arising from the high symmetry. A crossover between inverse and direct magnetocaloric effects is observed at ~10 K for applied‐field changes lower than 3 T.
Enzyme‐Like Catalysis of Vinyl Copolymer Carrying Boron Directly Connected to Backbone: Catalytic Esterification through Cooperation of Boron with Neighboring Carboxylic Anhydride
Authors: Makino Hiroshi , Nishikawa Tsuyoshi , Ouchi Makoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlternating‐rich copolymer of vinylboronic acid pinacol ester (VBpin) and maleic anhydride (MAH) was found to catalyze direct dehydrative esterification of carboxylic acid and alcohol. The key to the catalytic function is the activation of the MAH unit by the neighboring Lewis acidic boron directly connected to the backbone through the formation of five‐membered ring. The effects of the side‐chain cooperation were clarified through comparisons with the polymers having similar structures and a conventional titanium catalyst as well as the analyses of reactions with carboxylic acid or alcohol. The catalytic activity was enhanced as the molecular weight was higher, which is owing to the structural feature that boron is directly attached to the backbone. The cooperative catalysis is of interest because of its conceptual similarity with enzyme.
Dynamics of the Boundary Layer in Pulsed CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Heßelmann Matthias , Felder Daniel , Plischka Wenzel , Nabi Sajad , Linkhorst John , Wessling Matthias , Keller Robert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of CO2 poses a vast potential to contribute to a defossilized industry. Despite tremendous developments within the field, mass transport limitations, carbonate salt formation, and electrode degradation mechanisms still hamper the process performance. One promising approach to tweak CO2 electrolysis beyond today's limitations is pulsed electrolysis with potential cycling between an operating and a regeneration mode. Here, we rigorously model the boundary layer at a silver electrode in pulsed operation to get profound insights into the dynamic reorganization of the electrode microenvironment. In our simulation, pulsed electrolysis leads to a significant improvement of up to six times higher CO current density and 20 times higher cathodic energy efficiency when pulsing between −1.85 and −1.05 V vs SHE compared to constant potential operation. We found that elevated reactant availability in pulsed electrolysis originates from alternating replenishment of CO2 by diffusion and not from pH‐induced carbonate and bicarbonate conversion. Moreover, pulsed electrolysis substantially promotes carbonate removal from the electrode by up to 83 % compared to constant potential operation, thus reducing the risk of salt formation. Therefore, this model lays the groundwork for an accurate simulation of the dynamic boundary layer modulation, which can provide insights into manifold electrochemical conversions.
Triindenotriphenylenes: Spin‐Frustrated Triskelion Triradicals with Excellent Ambient Stability
Authors: Borissov Arseni , Chmielewski Piotr J. , Valdivia Abel Cárdenas , García Carlos J. Gómez , Casado Juan , Stępień Marcin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA triskelion‐shaped triradical triindeno[1,2‐a:1′,2′‐g : 1′′,2′′‐m]triphenylen‐7‐yl (1) and its internally fused derivative (2) obtained by oxidative cyclization were prepared in a straightforward synthetic sequence. Both compounds were confirmed to be triradicals and to possess intramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between spins, displaying a spin‐frustrated doublet ground state with doublet‐quartet energy gaps of −0.14 kcal/mol for 1 and −0.06 kcal/mol for 2. Despite their open‐shell character, they were sufficiently stable to be handled under ambient conditions on a timescale of days. Both compounds could be reversibly reduced to mono‐, di‐, and trianions and oxidized to 1+ and 22+, with strong NIR absorptions (1800 to over 3200 nm) observed for all open‐shell ions.
Encapsulation of organic ultraviolet photoprotective actives into poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoparticles for sunscreen formulations
Authors: Miranda Letícia de S. , Dutra Luciana , Pinto Martina C. C. , Lima Rafael C. , Nele Márcio , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSkin cancer is the most common of all cancers worldwide. This way, it is mandatory to adopt an adequate sun protection routine, including sunscreen lotions. However, despite the proven effectiveness of numerous chemical filters, many of them are also known for their allergenic and carcinogenic potential effects, which can be mitigated by exploring some encapsulation routes. Thus, the present work evaluates the influence of seven distinct ultraviolet (UV) organic filters on the final particle size and molecular weight distributions of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads. Moreover, the sun protection factors (SPF) of the loaded nanoparticles are also evaluated when used for preparation of sunscreen formulations. The UV filters did not affect the course of MMA miniemulsion polymerizations significantly, enabling the synthesis of loaded nanoparticles. Nevertheless, adding the filters shifted the particle size distributions toward larger diameters, which are appropriate for cosmetic formulations. Based on the SPF analyses, it was also possible to observe a 12‐fold increase in the SPF values of the prepared formulations and an increase in the critical wavelength. Therefore, the in situ incorporation of distinct UV filters during miniemulsion MMA polymerizations constitutes a robust and versatile technology to produce PMMA nanoparticles loaded with UV filters for preparation of sunscreen formulations.
Assessment of crack suppression in glass/epoxy curved laminates by incorporating micro and nanofillers
Authors: Venkatesan Dinesh Babu , Vellayaraj Arumugam , Thilaisekar Sivagangai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe design of structures with a large radius of curvature is challenging because fiber‐reinforced composite materials have low resistance to delamination in the direction perpendicular to their thickness. These structures are commonly found in a wide variety of structural components that are used in the wind turbine and aviation industries. The objective of this study is to conduct an experimental investigation into the efficacy of incorporating milled glass fiber, cellulose nanoparticles, and carbon nanoparticles as fillers into an epoxy matrix to improve the resistance to delamination of glass/epoxy curved laminates and thereby inhibit crack growth. In contrast to the baseline samples, curved samples containing 3% cellulose nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced curved beam strength and interlaminar tensile strength by 4.95% and 3.82%, respectively. Additionally, filler‐loaded samples exhibited reduced delamination and fracture propagation damage compared with baseline samples. The adhesion between the epoxy matrix and infill was investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared analysis. In addition, live photographic images and fractured micrographs were correlated with mechanical findings in order to assess delamination suppression and damage processes in both the arm and arc directions.
Enhanced thermal conductivity of PVDF by filling with T‐ZnOw and MWCNT based on hybrid 3D network
Authors: Liu Huili , Chen Huayan , Chen Haodong , Wu Chaoting , Jia Yue , Wu Chunrui , Lu Xiaolong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, a novel approach is taken to enhance the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of composites by developing highly efficient thermally conductive PVDF‐based composites. This is developed by incorporating tetra‐pod zinc oxide whiskers (T‐ZnOw) in conjunction with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to form binary hybrid fillers within a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix. Polydopamine (PDA), characterized by physical adsorption, is selected for surface coating on T‐ZnOw since T‐ZnOw is easy to self‐agglomerate and difficult to modify by physical and chemical methods. The coating aims to improve the dispersibility of T‐ZnOw and reduce the interfacial thermal resistance with the substrate. MWCNT is oxidized to improve its dispersion ability while strengthening the interaction with the matrix, due to the absence of interaction between MWCNTs and polymer matrix and poor dispersibility with the matrix. The dispersity of PDA@T‐ZnOw and o‐MWCNT is improved, and the three‐dimensional hybrid network structure can be better constructed to improve the thermal conductivity of the composite membrane. At a filler content of 25 wt%, the thermal conductivity reaches 0.302 W m−1 K−1 for T‐ZnOw–MWCNT–PVDF and 0.222 W m−1 K−1 for PDA@T‐ZnOw–o‐MWCNT–PVDF.
Nanofibrous electroconductive scaffolds composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and modified polyaniline for skin tissue engineering application
Authors: Javid Mahnaz , Eskandani Morteza , Jaymand Mehdi , Massoumi Bakhshali 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNanofibrous electroconductive scaffolds were designed and fabricated using electrospinning approach based on a poly(vinyl alcohol)‐grafted polyaniline (PVA‐g‐PANI) and neat PVA with various PVA‐g‐PANI content for skin tissue engineering (STE) application. At first, phenylamine‐functionalized PVA macromonomer was synthesized, and then aniline was grafted onto macromonomer by an oxidation polymerization technique. The resultant PVA‐g‐PANI with different ratios was co‐electrospun with PVA to afford PVA‐g‐PANI/PVA electrically conductive nanofibrous scaffolds. Physicochemical features of the scaffolds, including water uptake properties, surface wettabilities, and morphologies as well as biological properties such as biodegradabilities, cytocompatibilities, cells adhesion and proliferation potentials, hemolysis rates, and protein adsorption capacities were investigated. Surface wettabilities of the scaffolds were altered from 55.7° for pure PVA up to 105.1° for the scaffold with the highest PVA‐g‐PANI content (30 wt%). It was found that the biodegradation rates of the scaffolds were decreased by increasing PVA‐g‐PANI content owing to very low biodegradation nature of PANI. Hemolysis assay revealed that all scaffolds were nonhemolytic (hemolysis rate <2%), except the scaffold that fabricated with 30 wt% of PVA‐g‐PANI. As results, the constructed scaffolds with 15 and 20 wt% of PVA‐g‐PANI (S3 and S4, respectively) exhibited higher potentials in both physicochemical and biological properties for STE application.
Understanding users' dynamic perceptions of search gain and cost in sessions: An expectation confirmation model
Authors: Wang Ben , Liu Jiqun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the roles of search gain and cost in users' search decision‐making is a key topic in interactive information retrieval (IIR). While previous research has developed user models based on simulated gains and costs, it is unclear how users' actual perceptions of search gains and costs form and change during search interactions. To address this gap, our study adopted expectation‐confirmation theory (ECT) to investigate users' perceptions of gains and costs. We re‐analyzed data from our previous study, examining how contextual and search features affect users' perceptions and how their expectation‐confirmation states impact their following searches. Our findings include: (1) The point where users' actual dwell time meets their constant expectation may serve as a reference point in evaluating perceived gain and cost; (2) these perceptions are associated with in situ experience represented by usefulness labels, browsing behaviors, and queries; (3) users' current confirmation states affect their perceptions of Web page usefulness in the subsequent query. Our findings demonstrate possible effects of expectation‐confirmation, prospect theory, and information foraging theory, highlighting the complex relationships among gain/cost, expectations, and dwell time at the query level, and the reference‐dependent expectation at the session level. These insights enrich user modeling and evaluation in human‐centered IR.
Ertüchtigungsplanung Chemnitzer Viadukt aus der Perspektive des Prüfingenieurs
Authors: Christein Sandra , Geißler Karsten , Schönberg Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDas Chemnitzer Viadukt wurde für viergleisigen Betrieb mit einer Länge von 275 m in den Jahren 1901–1909 errichtet. Nach 120 Jahren der Nutzung musste es technisch instand gesetzt und für eine zeitgemäße Nutzung auf weitere 80 Jahre ertüchtigt werden. Der Brückenzug aus vier parallelen Überbauten verläuft über zwei Bögen und zehn Felder mit Vollwandträgern. Für die zukünftige zweigleisige Nutzung wurden die beiden inneren Überbauten mit Gleisen für den Schienenverkehr ausgestattet, die beiden äußeren Überbauten zur Unterbringung von Rand‐ und Rettungswegen sowie der technischen Ausstattung verwendet. Dafür wurden die inneren Balkenbrücken erneuert und als Stahlverbundkonstruktion ausgeführt. Die Unterbauten und sonstigen Überbaukonstruktionen wurden, entsprechend den Anforderungen des Denkmalschutzes, weitestgehend erhalten und nach Erfordernis saniert bzw. kleinteilig ausgetauscht. Ein besonderes Augenmerk lag auf dem Erhalt der Vielzahl historischer Stahllagerkonstruktionen. Die bauliche Umsetzung dieses komplexen Vorhabens unter „rollendem Rad“ erforderte besondere Maßnahmen für den laufenden Bahnbetrieb. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird nach einer Übersicht zum historischen Bauwerk und dessen Bewertung auf die für dieses Projekt hervorzuhebende Arbeit im Fachbeirat eingegangen und im Weiteren der Umgang mit verschiedenen Maßnahmen zur technischen Instandsetzung und Verstärkung unter Berücksichtigung des Denkmalschutzes in Verbindung mit einigen zusätzlich erforderlichen Genehmigungen und Zustimmungen im Einzelfall erläutert.