bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Premature Rupture of the Membranes and Ritodrine Treatment
Authors: Neldam Steen , Osler Mogens 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The treatment with Ritodrine of 38 women with preterm rupture of the membranes (PROM) and 109 with intact membranes (ITM) was compared. Before the 36th gestational week, parturition could be postponed significan‐ly longer in the ITM group than in the PROM group (p <0.01), whereas there was no difference between the two groups after the 36th week. Parturition could be postponed significantly longer in the PROM group, when Bishop's score was below or equal to 6, than when it was above, while the same was true for ITM, when the score was even 9 or below (p<0.001). Therefore, it seems like that PROM adds 3 points to the Bishop score, when the score is used as a prognostic index for the ability to postpone parturition.There was no significant difference in the occurrence of RDS between the PROM group and the ITM group, although birth weight was significantly higher in the ITM group (mean 2799.5 g) than in the PROM group (mean 1985.5 g) (p<0.001).No serious side effects of the treatment given were seen, either in the mothers or in the infants.It is concluded that all women with preterm labor should be treated with ritodrine and bedrest, if betamethasone treatment of the mothers is indicated, as parturiton could be postponed for at least 24 h in all pregnancies in both groups.
Morphology of Live Seminal and Postcoital Cervical Spermatozoa and Its Bearing on Human Fertility
Authors: Fredricsson Bengt , Sennerstam Roland 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Various seminal variables were studied in two groups of infertile couples and in one fertile control group. Sperm morphology was emphasized. Patients with normal postcoital tests and sperm counts exceeding 5 mill/ml were selected and followed prospectively. The two clinical groups could then be identifieda. couples who were persistently infertile during the 3 years of observation and whose infertility was not explained by the clinical investigation, and;b. couples where conception was achieved during the period of observation, either spontaneously or after treatment of the woman. In the latter group all the variables of semen analysis were identical with those of the control group. Differences between the two groups of infertile patients were noted only with respect to the morphology of live spermatozoa of the semen sample and of postcoital spermatozoa within the cervical secretion. It is concluded that these two variables of sperm evaluation are of prognostic significance with regard to future fertility.
Alpha‐Fetoprotein Screening in Obstetric Practice and the Use of Differential Action Limits
Authors: Schnittger Agneta , Kjessler Berndt 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The efficiency of a general AFP‐screening program is considerably affected by the action limit used for recommended diagnostic follow‐up procedures.We have analyzed if this efficiency could be enforced by the use of differential action limits for different purposes.A total of 18 037 pregnancies of known outcome were analyzed for their AFP‐levels in maternal serum (MS‐AFP) between the 15th and 17th gestational weeks. The individual AFP test results were expressed in multiples of the normal median value (MOM) for singleton pregnancies of the same gestational age. MS‐AFP levels ≤ 3 MOM were found in 22/28 pregnancies (78.6 per cent) affected by open neural tube‐ or abdominal wall defects, but only in 0.7 per cent of the 17 872 normal singleton pregnancies.Obstetric risk pregnancies, e.g. multiple pregnancies, impending abortions, and pregnancies eventually ending with perinatal deaths and children with low birth weight, were found to be overrepresented above the MS‐AFP level 1.8 MOM (the 94th percentile). The employment of differential action limits, i.e. at 3 MOM for further diagnostic attempts to eventually detect open neural tube‐ or abdominal wall defects, at 1.8 MOM for identification of certain obstetric risk pregnancies requiring close monitoring and below 0.25 MOM to reveal nonviable pregnancies to be terminated is likely to improve the efficiency of an AFP‐screeningprogram.
Patient characteristics and age‐dependent sub‐populations in severe fibrocystic breast disease—the Hjørring project
Authors: Rasmussen Thorkild , Tobiassen Tobias 
Published: December 2009

Abstract. This study aimed at providing a detailed anam‐nestic, clinical, and mammographical characterization of 109 patients with fibrocystic breast disease, who were selected on the basis of pronounced mastodynia, prominent palpable structure and mammographical confirmation of the clinical diagnosis. Since these patients were selected for subsequent therapy, and most of them also underwent various hormonal investigations, accurate differential diagnosis was considered essential. Therefore, X‐ray mammography was supplemented as required with adenography, galactography, and aspiration of cysts followed by aerography. Additionally, the results for most study variables were recorded by means of standardized scoring systems.On the basis of this characterization, three diagnostic sub‐groups of fibrocystic disease could be distinguished: 20 patients with prominent glandular structure but no visible cysts (group A), 43 patients with prominent glandular structure as well as small (<1 cm) cysts (group B), and 46 patients with both small and large (≥ 1 cm) cysts. The three groups differ significantly in mean age (33.1±5.5 (SD), 39.2±4.9, and 43.7±4.6 years in groups A, B, and C, respectively). There was a significant trend towards increasing duration of breast complaints, and patients with a history of >5 years account for 45, 65, and 74% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Moreover, most of the study variables, viz. mastodynia, palpable structure, amount of glandular tissue, non‐cystic nodularity, small cysts, duct ectasia, nipple discharge, and fibrosis, also tended to increase significantly in intensity and/or frequency from group A to B to C.These findings strongly support the view that fibrocystic breast disease is a benign progressive process and that the three diagnostic sub‐groups represent different stages of this condition.
Fetal Surveillance in Diabetic Pregnancy: I. Predictive value of the nonstress test
Authors: Olofsson Per , Sjöberg Nils‐Otto , Solum Thore 
Published: December 2009

Ninety‐nine consecutive diabetic pregnancies (101 infants) were monitored with altogether 2672 nonstress tests (NSTs) from about 30 weeks of gestation until parturition. In 96% of the women the last NST was performed within 2 days of delivery. Fifty‐nine percent had normal NSTs throughout pregnancy. Only 3.7% of the 2672 tests were classified as pathological.When performed within 2 days antepartum, a normal NST predicted the 1‐min Apgar score to be ≥7 in 92%, and at 5 and 10 min in 99%. When all NSTs ever performed were included, the predictive value improved to 100%. The baby's first cry within 1 min after birth was predicted in 96%. Furthermore, the predictive value of a normal NST regarding the absence of ominous intrapartum cardiotocographic (CTG) patterns, normal pulmonary function and normal metabolic balance, was about 80%. The perinatal mortality was 1%. The specificity was in general good (86–96%), whereas the predictive value of pathological tests and the sensitivity almost without exception were poor. It is concluded that the very low rate of pathological NSTs indicates that obstetric interventions were made soon after the occurence of the first sign of fetal jeopardy. Only then, and with meticulous care, is it possible to obtain good results. A normal NST is an excellent predictor of a normal Apgar score at 5 and 10 min, and also very good for a normal 1‐min Apgar and an early cry from the baby. The predictive value is quite acceptable concerning the intrapartum CTG and the neonatal course likewise regarding the pulmonary function and metabolic balance. This study indicates that in diabetic pregnancy the frequently performed NST is a good predictor of normality and thus highly reliable in fetal surveillance.
Survey update on implementation, indications, and technical performance of computed tomography colonography in sweden
Authors: Fisichella Valeria A. , Hellström Mikael 
Published: December 2009

Background: Computed tomographic colonography (CTC) has gained increased acceptance in the last few years as a valid substitute for double-contrast barium enema (DCBE). However, implementation of new technologies is complex, since several factors may influence the process. Purpose: To evaluate the current situation in Sweden concerning implementation of CTC, as compared to a previous national survey in 2005. Material and Methods: In December 2008, a structured, self-assessed questionnaire regarding implementation and technical performance of CTC was mailed to all radiology departments in Sweden. In March 2009, departments who had not replied were contacted by e-mail or by telephone. All (100%, 119/119) departments answered the questionnaire. Results: CTC is currently performed in 50/119 (42%) departments, i.e., 18 additional departments compared to 2005. Twenty-three out of 60 (38%) responding departments stated that they intend to start to perform CTC in the near future. DCBE is currently performed in 77/119 (65%) departments, 12 departments less compared to 2005. The most common reasons for non-implementation of CTC are non-availability of spiral CT scanner (41%, 26/64) and/or multidetector-row CT scanner (39%, 25/64), and lack of doctors’ time (34%, 22/64). Only 3% (2/64) of departments are “awaiting further scientific documentation” on CTC, a significant reduction compared to 2005 ( P=0.002). Until 2009, 59% (29/49) of CTC centers had performed more than 200 CTCs compared to 13% (4/32) of CTC centers in 2005. Intravenous contrast material is routinely administered in 86% (42/49), and carbon dioxide is used to distend the colon in 90% (44/49). Almost all radiology departments (93%, 93/100) currently believe that CTC will “absolutely” or “probably” replace barium enema in the future, while in 2005 only 56% (55/99) gave similar answers. Conclusion: The survey reflects a further transition process from DCBE to CTC, with attitudes of radiologists increasingly in favor of CTC, although DCBE is still performed by the majority of radiology departments. DCBE should be replaced by colonoscopy and CTC, but the transition requires both human and economic resources.
Assessment of Vietnam Coastal Wetland Vulnerability for Sustainable Use (Case Study in Xuanthuy Ramsar Site, Vietnam)
Authors: Nhuan Mai Trong , Ngoc Nguyen Thi Minh , Huong Nghiem Quynh , Hue Nguyen Thi Hong , Tue Nguyen Tai , Ngoc Pham Bao 
Published: December 2009

For sustainable use of coastal wetland ecosystems, vulnerability of the Xuan Thuy Ramsar site in the northern coast of Vietnam, an internationally important area for feeding and roosting of migratory water birds, is assessed. The assessment tools include 1) a geographical information system database, which describes physical, socio-economic, and environmental conditions; 2) spatial multi-criteria decision analysis, and 3) evaluating criteria by a pair-wise comparison method. Consequently, coastal vulnerability criteria were determined following three periods of a year with different density of migrating birds: the highest density period - from September to March of the following year; the average density period - April and from August to October; the lowest density period - the remain time in year. For each period, 5 levels of vulnerability (from 1-lowest to 5-highest level) were determined. High vulnerability level is concentrated in a great area, belonging to the ecological restored area and the south of communes Giao Thien, Giao Xuan; Low vulnerability level is distributed in communes of the buffer zone. Correspondingly to each vulnerability level, recommendations are given for the risk management, resource use, environment protection and human activities. Keywords: wetland, vulnerability, Ramsar site, hazard, sustainable useDOI: 10.3126/jowe.v2i1.1850Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) vol. 2, pp 1-16
Seasonal Variations of Avifauna of Shallabug Wetland, Kashmir
Authors: Dar Imran A , Dar Mithas A 
Published: December 2009

The main thrust in this research work has been given on the evaluation of current status of Avifauna associated with Shallabug wetland. The main objectives were to evaluate the bird population fluctuation, to determine various threats to waterbirds and their habitats, and to present the remedial measures based on the key issues identified. For the purpose of present investigation, the study area was divided systematically into three study units of 700 m² each. Visual census method was used for the estimation of bird population. Visual counting was made with the help of high power field binocular (SG- 9.2) from respective vantage points. The birds were observed on the monthly basis in 2008 and the fluctuation in bird population was determined in different seasons: summer, autumn and winter. The observations were made from 5:00 am to 7:00 am (when they come out from their resting place) and 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm (when they approach towards their resting place). The analysis of the results showed that the Shallabug Wetland is particularly important for migratory bird species and marsh land breeding species. The wetland was also found important for long distance migrants as a stopper site for feeding and resting. The bird population showed fluctuation with site differences as well as with changing seasons. Key words: Wetland, Shallabug, Avifauna, Fluctuation, Wetland managementDOI: 10.3126/jowe.v2i1.1853 Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) vol. 2, pp 20-34
Interstitial impurities at grain boundaries in metals: insight from atomistic calculations
Authors: Janisch Rebecca , Elsässer Christian 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The investigation of segregation and embrittlement at grain boundaries in metals is a research area with a long tradition. In recent times, the feasibility of computational studies on the atomic scale gave a new impetus to the community. In this feature article we summarize our contributions to the understanding of segregation of interstitial impurities and embrittlement at grain boundaries in the bcc transition metals against the background of research activities in the field. We mainly discuss the benefits and limitations of ab-initio electronic structure calculations.
Atomistic modelling of materials with bond-order potentials
Authors: Hammerschmidt Thomas , Drautz Ralf , Pettifor David G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The atomistic modelling of materials with effective model potentials requires a reliable description of the breaking and making of interatomic bonds in different atomic environments. The bond-order potentials provide such a transferable description of atomic bonding while at the same time they are computationally efficient for application in large-scale atomistic simulations. We give an overview of the fundamentals of bond-order potentials and their derivation from the tight-binding electronic structure by linking the atomic structure to the electronic structure. We discuss the application of the structural energy difference theorem for studying trends in crystal phase stability and provide a brief summary of representative examples for modelling metals, hydrocarbons, and semiconductors with analytic and numerical bond-order potentials.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of NiAl–Cr(Mo)–Hf/Ho near-eutectic alloy prepared by suction casting
Authors: Sheng Liyuan , Guo Jianting , Zhang Wei , Zhou Lanzhang , Ye Hengqiang 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The microstructure and mechanical properties of 0.15 at.% Hf and 0.2 at.% Ho doped Ni-33Al-28Cr-6Mo near-eutectic alloys prepared by conventional casting and suction casting were investigated. The results reveal that the addition of Hf and Ho results in the formation of Ni2AlHf and Ni2Al3Ho phases, respectively, along the NiAl and Cr(Mo) phase interface in intercellular regions. Compared with the conventional-cast alloy, the microstructure of suction-cast alloy is well optimized, characterized by the thin interlamellar spacing, high proportion of eutectic cell area and fine homogeneously distributed Ni2AlHf and Ni2Al3Ho phases. Furthermore, the room temperature mechanical properties of the suction-cast alloy improve significantly, which can be attributed to fine microstructure, uniform distribution of the Ni2AlHf and Ni2Al3Ho phases and solid solubility extension.
Ball milling as a possible means to produce zinc based coatings
Authors: Avettand-Fènoël M.-N. , Reumont G. , Perrot P. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Mechanical alloying of both steel strip and elemental Zn powder (with or without Fe powder) was performed in order to directly produce zinc based coatings on the surface of steel strip. Microstructures of coatings and milled powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Metastable phases, in particular Zn supersaturated with Fe were synthesized during ball milling. Iron supersaturation in FeZn alloy is almost twice as high (4.5 at.% Fe in Zn) on the milled steel strip as in the ball milled powder (2.8 at.%). The latter values remain lower than the maximum Fe solubility in Zn allowed by thermodynamics. Subsequent annealing at 300 °C forms a Γ1 monophased coating which is not usually synthesized during batch galvanizing.
Telemedicine and Neonatal Regionalization of Care — Ensuring that the Right Baby Gets to the Right Nursery
Authors: Hall-Barrow Julie , Hall R. Whit , Burke Bryan L. 
Published: December 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Discuss the recent trend toward deregionalization of newborn care and the potential negative effects of this trend.

2.
Identify an innovative telemedicine approach toward the phenomenon of deregionalization of newborn care.

3.
Explain the societal and medical benefits of using a telemedicinebased approach for the assessment and appropriate triage of neonatal patients from a distance.
A 3-month-old Girl with a Rash on Her Neck and Upper Chest
Authors: Spec Andrej , Molero Helena , Noronha Peter A. 
Published: December 2009

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Describe the differential diagnosis for intertiginous dermatitis in infants.

2.
Identify the differences between candidal and streptococcal intertrigo.

3.
Review the current therapeutic options and indicated follow-up for streptococcal intertrigo.
Method for Quantifying Patient Expectations and Early Recovery After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Howell Stephen M. , Rogers Stephanie L. 
Published: December 2009

Many components of a surgeon's total knee arthroplasty (TKA) treatment regimen affect the rate of recovery, such as patient selection, preoperative education, surgical technique, pain management, and postoperative rehabilitation. Therefore, accurate counseling requires that the surgeon quantifies patient expectations and early recovery of the treatment regimen with a method that minimizes interviewer bias.
Preoperatively and 4 to 5 weeks after TKA, 285 patients (306 consecutive primary TKAs) responded to a survey consisting of customized questions, the Oxford score, the SF-12, and Knee Society scores on a handheld data acquisition device. The average response to each question on the 4- to 5-week postoperative survey defined patient expectations, and the change in a response between the 4- to 5-week postoperative and the preoperative survey determined whether the surgical intervention improved the patient.
At 4 to 5 weeks postoperatively, 80% of patients walked without a cane, 54% drove a car, 88% thought the treated knee was functioning better than before surgery, 93.5% thought the treated knee was normal or nearly normal, and 98% thought the alignment of their limb was “just right.” By 4 to 5 weeks, patients experienced less pain and showed significant improvements in 11 of 12 activities queried by the Oxford score, SF-12 physical score, Knee function score, Knee Society score, and knee extension. Flexion was significantly less at 4 to 5 weeks, and the SF-12 mental score was not significantly different. Average hospital stay was 2 nights, with 98% discharged home. Surgeons should consider a method that minimizes interviewer bias to quantify patient expectations and rate of recovery of their specific treatment regimen, and then use this information to counsel their patients to avoid disappointment after TKA.
Femoroacetabular Impingement Due to Synovial Chondromatosis of the Hip Joint
Authors: Padhy Debabrata , Park Sang-Won , Jeong Woong-Kyo , Lee Dae-Hee , Park Jong Hoon , Han Seung-Beom 
Published: December 2009

This article describes a rare case of primary synovial chondromatosis of the hip associated with classical femoroacetabular impingement. A 38-year-old man presented with left hip pain of 3 years' duration and range of motion (ROM) limitations. Flexion abduction external rotation and impingement tests were positive and preoperative Harris Hip Score was 68. Radiographs showed multiple loose bodies, a calcified labrum, and a bump at the head–neck junction. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the findings. Acetabular overcoverage and the crossing over sign were present. The lateral center edge angle was 48°, acetabular roof angle was +2°, alpha angle was 80°, triangular index was 2 mm more than the radius of the femoral head, and anterior offset was 4.5 mm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an acetabular labral tear, impaction on the femoral head–neck junction, and mild synovial hypertrophy with no acetabular cartilage damage. Loose body removal along with a total synovectomy, excision of the calcified labrum, and osteochondroplasty of the head–neck junction were performed after safe surgical dislocation. At 6-month follow-up, the patient was doing well with a Harris Hip Score of 96, improved ROM, and negative flexion abduction external rotation and impingement tests.
Early diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis and impingement can be made by MRI and CT. Clinically, flexion abduction external rotation and impingement tests are positive in 99% and 97% of cases, respectively. Although arthroscopy management has been described for both the entities separately, it has drawbacks. With an open procedure, debridement of the hip joint and excision of femoral and acetabular impingement deformities are possible at the same time.