bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Errors in Thickness Comparison Maps From 3D Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Park Jin-Hwan , Oh Jaeryung , Yang Kyung-Sook , Kim Seong-Woo , Huh Kuhl 
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To study characteristics of errors in thickness comparison maps (TCMs) from three-dimensional optical coherence tomography.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients who underwent three-dimensional optical coherence tomography examinations were included. Errors in TCM were categorized into several types according to common features, and the origins and distributions of errors were investigated.

RESULTS:

Errors were observed in 25 (22.9%) of 109 TCMs with a normal macula and in 88 (63.3%) of 139 TCMs with an abnormal macula (
P
< .001). The errors were categorized into three types: horizontal line-shaped errors that originated from fixation loss by the examinee, jumping errors caused by segmentation error, and two-peaked errors due to mismatching. There were significant differences in the distributions of the error types among different diagnoses.

CONCLUSION:
Errors in TCM were categorized into several types according to common features. Distributions of these types differed among eyes according to diagnosis.
HIV-1 Nef Limits Communication between Linker of Activated T Cells and SLP-76 To Reduce Formation of SLP-76–Signaling Microclusters following TCR Stimulation
Authors: Abraham Libin , Bankhead Peter , Pan Xiaoyu , Engel Ulrike , Fackler Oliver T. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Signal initiation by engagement of the TCR triggers actin rearrangements, receptor clustering, and dynamic organization of signaling complexes to elicit and sustain downstream signaling. Nef, a pathogenicity factor of HIV, disrupts early TCR signaling in target T cells. To define the mechanism underlying this Nef-mediated signal disruption, we employed quantitative single-cell microscopy following surface-mediated TCR stimulation that allows for dynamic visualization of distinct signaling complexes as microclusters (MCs). Despite marked inhibition of actin remodeling and cell spreading, the induction of MCs containing TCR-CD3 or ZAP70 was not affected significantly by Nef. However, Nef potently inhibited the subsequent formation of MCs positive for the signaling adaptor Src homology-2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa (SLP-76) to reduce MC density in Nef-expressing and HIV-1–infected T cells. Further analyses suggested that Nef prevents formation of SLP-76 MCs at the level of the upstream adaptor protein, linker of activated T cells (LAT), that couples ZAP70 to SLP-76. Nef did not disrupt pre-existing MCs positive for LAT. However, the presence of the viral protein prevented de novo recruitment of active LAT into MCs due to retargeting of LAT to an intracellular compartment. These modulations in MC formation and composition depended on Nef’s ability to simultaneously disrupt both actin remodeling and subcellular localization of TCR-proximal machinery. Nef thus employs a dual mechanism to disturb early TCR signaling by limiting the communication between LAT and SLP-76 and preventing the dynamic formation of SLP-76–signaling MCs.
The HGF Receptor/Met Tyrosine Kinase Is a Key Regulator of Dendritic Cell Migration in Skin Immunity
Authors: Baek Jea-Hyun , Birchmeier Carmen , Zenke Martin , Hieronymus Thomas 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe Met tyrosine kinase has a pivotal role in embryonic development and tissue regeneration, and deregulated Met signaling contributes to tumorigenesis. After binding of its cognate ligand hepatocyte growth factor, Met signaling confers mitogenic, morphogenic, and motogenic activity to various cells. Met expression in the hematopoietic compartment is limited to progenitor cells and their Ag-presenting progeny, including dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we demonstrate that Met signaling in skin-resident DCs is essential for their emigration toward draining lymph nodes upon inflammation-induced activation. By using a conditional Met-deficient mouse model (Metflox/flox), we show that Met acts on the initial step of DC release from skin tissue. Met-deficient DCs fail to reach skin-draining lymph nodes upon activation while exhibiting an activated phenotype. Contact hypersensitivity reactions in response to various contact allergens is strongly impaired in Met-deficient mice. Inhibition of Met signaling by single-dose epicutaneous administration of the Met kinase-specific inhibitor SU11274 also suppressed contact hypersensitivity in wild-type mice. Additionally, we found that Met signaling regulates matrix metalloproteinase MMP2 and MMP9 activity, which is important for DC migration through extracellular matrix. These data unveil Met signaling in DCs as a critical determinant for the maintenance of normal immune function and suggest Met as a potential target for treatment of autoimmune skin diseases.
T Cell Apoptosis and Induction of Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells Underlie the Therapeutic Efficacy of CD4 Blockade in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Duarte Joana , Carrié Nadège , Oliveira Vanessa G. , Almeida Catarina , Agua-Doce Ana , Rodrigues Lénia , Simas J. Pedro , Mars Lennart T. , Graca Luis 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis requires the participation of effector neuroantigen-specific T cells. Thus, T cell targeting has been proposed as a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the mechanism underlying effective disease prevention following T cell targeting remains incompletely known. We found, using several TCR-transgenic strains, that CD4 blockade is effective in preventing experimental autoimmune encephalopathy and in treating mice after the disease onset. The mechanism does not rely on direct T cell depletion, but the anti-CD4 mAb prevents the proliferation of naive neuroantigen-specific T cells, as well as acquisition of effector Th1 and Th17 phenotypes. Simultaneously, the mAb favors peripheral conversion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Pre-existing effector cells, or neuroantigen-specific cells that undergo cell division despite the presence of anti-CD4, are committed to apoptosis. Therefore, protection from experimental autoimmune encephalopathy relies on a combination of dominant mechanisms grounded on regulatory T cell induction and recessive mechanisms based on apoptosis of neuropathogenic cells. We anticipate that the same mechanisms may be implicated in other T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases that can be treated or prevented with Abs targeting T cell molecules, such as CD4 or CD3.
Do Global Brands Benefit from a Unique Worldwide Image?
Authors: Schuiling Isabelle , Lambin Jean-Jacques 
Published: July 2012

The trend towards increased globalisation had a major impact on the branding strategies of international companies. Next to important economies of scale that a global brand can bring to the company, the advantage of benefiting from a unique worldwide image across markets is considered by managers as an important advantage to manage brands on a global basis. Companies have traditionally followed two types of strategies to create their global brands. One strategy has consisted of expanding successful local brands on international markets. The second strategy has consisted of creating global brands from the start. These brands are launched on a worldwide basis quasi at the same time.
Demand Bubbles, Virtual Communities and Market Potential
Authors: Gnecchi Flavio , Corniani Margherita 
Published: July 2012

A virtual community is a precious information collation source allowing a company to identify conditions on which to base bubble information and indications regarding the time and manner on which the bubble should be triggered. Observations of virtual community dynamics, people entering and exiting, the length of their stay and so on, are fertile indicators for bubble potential in terms of dimension and timeframe.
The Complexity of Sport Management: from Mono-Business to Multi-Business
Authors: Cherubini Sergio 
Published: July 2012

Sports transformed into an extremely complex phenomenon requiring the ability to manage business areas with different characteristics combining a wide range of aspects: emotional and logical, international and local, professional and amateur, high-tech and high-touch, traditional and new, competition and cooperation, shortterm and long-term goals, randomness and planning, confidentiality and visibility. For many years, sport organisation management concentrated on technicalcompetitive aspects, but in global markets technical ability it is not enough to ensure an organisation’s long-term success. Sport organisations have to manage business areas ranging from the box office, season tickets and player trading, to sponsorships, advertising, media content, merchandising, publishing, player image, real estate, finance, tourism and others.
Corporate Values in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Pepe Cosetta 
Published: July 2012

The problem of finding a balance between the economic, social, and environmental values of human development is now at the heart of the debate that involves men of culture, men of faith, economists and politicians, who are working together to tackle the problems of globalisation. Chains are part of a gradual globalisation, with growing interdependence between the various manufacturing organisations and a convergence of different elements that creates development, but also negative effects such as environmental degradation and serious social imbalance. In the corporate culture, with the evolution of marketing, the act of purchasing is a sum of ethical and aesthetic values. In this sense, global companies’ supply must contain a ‘synthesis’ of consumers’ expectations.
Impact of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction among Air Traffic Controllers of Civil Aviation Authority: An Empirical Study from Pakistan
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Waseem Muhammad Adnan 
Published: July 2012

Purpose – The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of job stress on job satisfaction of employees and also to find out the drivers for the job stress, which contribute to create job stress which ultimately negatively affect job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The study is mainly based on review of the existing literature and collection of data through an adopted questionnaire survey, conducted from the selected sample of Air Traffic Controllers of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority. A total of 134 questionnaires were distributed among the sample which is selected using the technique of cluster sampling. 122 respondents returned the questionnaire, which are utilized for the analysis purpose. Findings – The results of the current study indicate that there is a negative relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. Those air traffic controllers who had high level of job stress had low job satisfaction. Research limitations – This research paper is based on a specific case of Air Traffic Controllers of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority. So the results are applicable specifically to Air Traffic Controllers of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority or other fields in the same industry. A quantitative methodology is used to investigate the problem. Future research can investigate the problem by using a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methodology. Practical implications – The practical implications of the paper include implementation of the results provided by researcher to decrease the employees’ level of stress and increase job satisfaction level. Originality/value – The study is conducted first time in the field specifically highlighting the stress issue. It can be a base for the future research in this area. Keywords – Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Air Traffic Controllers
Education for Development: Myth or Reality? The Kenyan Experience
Authors: Chang’ach John Koskey , Kessio David Kipkasi 
Published: July 2012

Education is seen as a powerful tool by which men and women are liberated from their natural state whether that described as ignorance, poverty, disease, selfishness, fear, corruption, injustice, enslavement, moral bankruptcy, or some other undesirable conditions and therefore freedom is the goal of education. Since attaining her political independence in 1963, Kenya has continued to invest heavily in education with the hope that this would help to transform the country into a modern progressive state. Kenya, fifty years after independence she is still bedeviled by corruption, bad governance, negative ethnicity and impunity. Although Kenyans have acquired literacy, academic knowledge and skills, education has not translated into the kind of thinking, mental attitudes and behaviour that is necessary for transforming society. This paper will explore the liberating and transforming power of education at the level of the individual and the society. It will then go on to demonstrate that only the right or intellectual learning at the expense of values and character education is responsible for our educational failure in Kenya.
Correlates of Supervisory Strategies and Quality Education in Secondary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adegboyega Bada, Ibrahim 
Published: July 2012

This study examined supervisory strategies as correlates of quality education among secondary schools in Ibadan southwest local government area of Oyo State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select thirty schools (public and private) and three hundred respondents consisting of 200 teachers from public schools, 80 teachers from private schools and 20 supervisors from Teaching Service Commission (TESCOM).Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the four hypotheses(P < 0.05) Multiple Regression was used to determine the contribution of independent variables (Supervisory strategies) both jointly and individually to dependent variable (quality education).Results revealed that two of the supervisory strategies (companionable and synergistic) have positive and significant correlation on quality education (r =0.853) and (r = 0.783) while authoritarian strategy had negative correlation, laissez faire had no significant relationship on quality education (r = -0.522 and r = -0.200)respectively. The joint contribution of the four supervisory strategies to the prediction of quality education in secondary schools was also significant (F (4,295) = 261.225).The paper concludes with some recommendations to the Teaching Service Commission (TESCOM) and the Government. Key words and Phrase: Supervisory Roles, Quality Education, Supervisory Strategies.
Analyzing the Impact of Corporate Governance and Organizational Learning on Strategic Planning Effectiveness (An Empirical practice among some industrial companies in Iran)
Authors: Abadi Hossein Rezaei Dolat , Nematizadeh Fatemeh 
Published: July 2012

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate relationships between corporate governance, organizational learning and strategic planning effectiveness. A total of 89 questionnaires were collected from some industrial firms working in Iran. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Findings showed corporate governance, but not Organizational learning, is significantly associated with strategic planning effectiveness. Further, both corporate governance and organizational learning jointly enhance the effectiveness of strategic planning. Longitudinal data would be needed in order to prove that causal relationships exist. It would be useful to explore whether the results hold when other integrative variables are taken into consideration. Keywords: Strategic planning effectiveness, Corporate governance, Organizational learning
Virtual Platforms in Social Networking Sites for Climate Change Education
Authors: Aydin Hasan , Hossain Md. Mokter 
Published: July 2012

Due to the aberrant nature of global weather in recent years, climate change has become an important issue in the national and international forums. This paper discusses a way of building intercultural virtual platforms in the social networking sites to coordinate the secondary school students and teachers from diverse corners of the world on a common platform where they can disseminate their voices on climate change issues. Keywords: Social networking, Climate change education, and Global warming
La construction de savoirs d'expérience chez des intervenantes d'organismes communautaires pour femmes sans-abri : un processus participatif, collectif et non planifié1
Authors: Racine Guylaine 
Published: July 2012

Cet article présente les résultats d'une étude portant sur la description du processus d'apprentissage expérientiel d'intervenantes oeuvrant dans des organismes communautaires pour femmes sans-abri. L'analyse des données révèle que les savoirs d'expérience de ces intervenantes se construisent progressivement, à travers un processus de réflexion sur l'action suscité par des situations problématiques qui surgissent de la pratique. L'analyse met également en relief le rôle central du collectif d'intervenantes dans la construction de ces savoirs. Ces résultats permettent de revitaliser le concept d'apprentissage expérientiel : plutôt qu'un processus individuel de production de savoirs, il est possible de l'envisager sous l'angle d'une co-construction de savoirs à laquelle participent des actrices concernées par un même objet.
Sexualité et handicap : de l'angélisation à la sexualisation de la personne handicapée physique
Authors: Dupras André 
Published: July 2012

Ce texte présente une analyse des représentations sociales de la sexualité de la personne handicapée physique. Des témoignages puisés dans des biographies ou des films permettent de constater que la société demande aux personnes handicapées de s'identifier à une image angélique et lui promet le bonheur en échange. Elle exige le sacrifice de leur sexualité pour leur faire adopter la figure d'êtres asexués qui symbolisent la pureté et la lutte contre le mal. Des personnes handicapées refusent l'état angélique qui les avilit ; elles s'opposent à un monde qui les exclut dans leur identité sexuelle ; elles revendiquent le droit à une vie sexuelle épanouissante. Ces considérations ouvrent des perspectives susceptibles de renouveler la pratique sociale auprès des personnes handicapées.
Le métier de préventionniste
Authors: Brun Jean-Pierre , Loiselle Claude D. 
Published: July 2012

Cet article présente les résultats d’un sondage conduit auprès de préventionnistes représentant l’employeur (n = 111) et de préventionnistes représentant les travailleurs (n = 134) afin de mieux comprendre leurs rôles et leurs fonctions respectives au sein des entreprises. Après une revue de littérature faisant le point sur les dernières connaissances concernant le métier de préventionniste, nous élaborons un cadre théorique permettant deconceptualiser le travail de ces derniers. Les analyses du sondage permettent de faire état des principales caractéristiques du contexte de travail des préventionnistes. Nous décrivons ensuite leurs différents profils permettant de catégoriser leur travail en fonction de trois dimensions (organisationnelle, humaine et technique) et de deux niveaux d’intervention (stratégique et opérationnel).
L’âge des jeunes : « un fait social instable »
Authors: GAUTHIER Madeleine 
Published: July 2012

« De quel âge parlez-vous ? » À partir de représentations de la jeunesse, l'auteure montre que cette période du cycle de vie constitue « un fait social instable ». Cette instabilité se reflète dans les limites d'âge imposées par l'organisation sociale, qui est elle-même toujours mouvante. Une question se pose alors : ces bornes remplaceraient-elles aujourd'hui des rites traditionnels de passage qu'on ne semble plus retrouver dans les sociétés contemporaines ? Resterait-il aussi quelques vestiges de ce qu'on nomme encore, dans certaines sociétés, des « classes d'âge » pour signifier une hiérarchisation des âges de la vie ? Dans chaque société, des lois contribuent à structurer la période du cycle de vie dont il est question en s'appuyant sur l'évolution des modes de vie et des mœurs, mais aussi sur une conception du lien social qui s'exprime dans la manière dont se fait l'intégration des jeunes à la société.
Stratégies utilitaristes et stratégies identitaires des parents vis-à-vis de l'école : une relecture critique des analyses sociologiques
Authors: Henriot-Van Zanten Agnès 
Published: July 2012

Cet article présente une relecture critique des analyses sociologiques consacrées aux stratégies parentales en matière de scolarisation. Il examine d'abord les apports des analyses utilitaristes. Celles-ci, qui mettent l'accent sur la recherche d'une rentabilité économique des investissements des parents et des certifications scolaires obtenues par l'enfant, éclairent des dimensions importantes des aspirations parentales, du suivi familial de la scolarité et du choix de l'établissement dans le contexte actuel. L'article montre ensuite, néanmoins, que ces analyses comportent certaines limites que l'on peut dépasser en tenant compte des stratégies identitaires des parents, c'est-à-dire des pratiques parentales (comme l'encadrement de la sociabilité enfantine ou adolescente) destinées à favoriser, au delà de la simple « valeur scolaire », l'acquisition par l'enfant de certaines qualités sociales nécessaires à l'intégration dans un groupe social donné. L'article conclut à l'intérêt d'étudier à la fois les convergences et les contradictions qui peuvent apparaître entre ces deux logiques suivant les contextes locaux et les milieux sociaux.
Une politique de la négligence parentale : la protection de l’enfance et la séparation des familles au Vermont (1910-1930)
Authors: PETITCLERC Martin 
Published: July 2012

On affirme généralement que les rapports entre l'État et l'enfance évoluent rapidement au tournant du XXe siècle, une politique de séparation des familles laissant place à une politique de maintien du foyer naturel. À partir de l'exemple du Vermont, aux États-Unis, l'auteur montre que cette affirmation sous-estime le poids considérable des « anciennes » politiques centrées sur la négligence parentale et l'institutionnalisation des enfants provenant de familles nécessiteuses. Il analyse le projet politique d'une coalition de réformateurs vermontois qui a donné naissance à une agence gouvernementale chargée de la protection de l'enfance ; cette agence avait la responsabilité d'inspecter les institutions de l'État, de superviser le placement des enfants et d'administrer un programme de pensions aux mères nécessiteuses. Il explique comment s'est imposée, dans l'administration de cette agence, une politique « punitive » de la négligence parentale aux dépens d'une politique plus favorable au maintien de la famille naturelle.
La délibération circonstancielle en théorie démocratique1
Authors: Gagné Learry 
Published: July 2012

La démocratie délibérative s’oppose fréquemment à une conception rationnelle du citoyen qui, selon ses théoriciens, ne permet pas d’atteindre une authentique démocratie. Pourtant, la démocratie délibérative souffre elle-même de difficultés théoriques importantes dont une partie des solutions a déjà été abordée dans la théorie du choix rationnel. Nous voulons montrer que le choix rationnel, dans sa version « étendue », peut servir à améliorer la démocratie délibérative sans pour autant en ébranler ses fondements. Nous effectuerons d’abord un survol de la démocratie délibérative, en insistant sur les questions de formation et d’expression des préférences des citoyens dans l’agora. Nous y découvrirons certaines difficultés théoriques que nous tenterons par la suite de résoudre par un ensemble de mécanismes issus de la théorie du choix rationnel. Parallèlement, nous verrons que la délibération raisonnable est possible dans un paradigme rationnel, que nous appelons la « délibération circonstancielle ».