bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological insights and survival patterns of HHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (HDN) associated with multicentric Castleman disease (CD): A comprehensive analysis using SEER database.
Authors: Bharathi Vanthana , Farooq Aamer 
Published: June 2024

e19080 Background: Castleman Disease (CD) encompasses a diverse range of lymphoproliferative disorders, featuring subtypes like unicentric CD (UCD), multicentric CD (MCD), HHV-8 associated multicentric CD, and HHV-8 negative/idiopathic MCD (iMCD). HDN is a rare and aggressive lymphoma often linked with HHV8-positive multicentric Castleman disease (CD). It often manifests without any other obvious symptoms and may be confused with other causes of lymph nodal enlargement. The epidemiology, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes of HDN are poorly understood, prompting this study to explore CD's epidemiology using the National Cancer Institute's SEER database. Methods: Using SEER 2000-2020, we identified 77 CD cases through ICD Code 9738 for Large B Cell Lymph HHV8 Multicentric Castleman Disease. Demographic, socio-economic, clinicopathologic characteristics, and survival outcomes were assessed. Secondary-primary malignancy risk (SIR) and mortality risk (SMR) were both calculated with observed to expected (O:E) ratios from the general population, with significance set at P < 0.05 and 95% CIs. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 51.7 years. The primary site distribution was mainly nodal (77.9%), while the extra nodal sites were rarely involved (22.1%). Only 3.8% of patients received radiotherapy, while 50.6% received chemotherapy. The patients were predominantly male (80.5%) and White (63.6%). Patients with a household income above $65,000 accounted for 75.3%. At diagnosis, 33.7% of the patients were married. Survivors had increased risk of malignancies at all sites (O:E 7.75, 95% CI: 0.94-28.01) and significantly increased risk of all solid tumors (O:E 8.95, 95% CI: 1.08-32.32), malignancy of kidney and renal pelvis (O:E 88.37, 95% CI: 2.24-492.36) and Kaposi Sarcoma (O:E 2,329.89, 95% CI: 58.99-12,981.34) within one year. The two most common causes of death in the CD cohort were infectious and parasitic diseases, including HIV, and malignant cancers. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year Overall survival was 63.6%, 59.7%, and 54.4% respectively, and the corresponding Cancer-specific survival was 68.8%, 68.8%, and 65.7%, respectively. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the epidemiology of HDN. Despite the rarity of HDN, our analysis of data reveals key demographic and clinical characteristics of HDN patients. The survival outcomes indicate a challenging landscape, with notable risks of secondary malignancies, particularly within the first-year post-diagnosis. The identification of specific risks, treatment patterns, and survival rates contributes valuable insights for future research and clinical management strategies in addressing this aggressive lymphoma.
Can teclistamab be safely administered in the community? A single-center experience.
Authors: Jiwani Rahim , Maples Samantha , Sadashiv Santhosh , Mewawalla Prerna 
Published: June 2024

e19502 Background: Majority of patients with multiple myeloma are treated in community settings. Teclistamab, a highly effective bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), was approved for the treatment of relapsed refractory multiple myeloma but has the potentially lethal toxicity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Due to the risk of CRS, pharmacies/providers must be REMS-certified prior to prescribing treatment. CRS most commonly occurs after the 1st 3 doses with a median onset time of 2 days. The hospitals most comfortable administering and monitoring for BiTE toxicities are typically transplant/cellular therapy centers. Patients are hospitalized for 48 hours following the administration of first 3 doses. Subsequent outpatient treatment typically continues at these centers as well, limiting patient access to highly effective treatment. Whether teclistamab can safely be given in non-rapid response community infusion centers (CIC) with a less vigorous monitoring schedule is unknown. We established a monitoring guide to expand teclistamab accessibility to 18 (CIC) in our network. Methods: At AHN, a monitoring guide was devised for teclistamab (Table) based on existing safety data regarding the incidence and timing of CRS. Patients would be admitted for the 1st 3 doses and monitored for 48 hours after each dose. Starting with the 4th dose, teclistamab administration at CIC with no additional monitoring would be allowed if there were no CRS events with the immediately preceding dose. If the patient experienced a CRS event with the immediately preceding dose, the patient would be monitored for 1 hour until a dose was tolerated with no subsequent CRS events. Nursing and pharmacist education was arranged for all CIC regarding CRS identification and management. All CIC pharmacies were prospectively enrolled in the teclistamab REMS program at the time education was deployed. Prescribing providers were REMS certified as well. Results: Between 1/2023 and 1/2024, a total of 8 patients were treated at 6 CIC within AHN. Of those 6 centers, 3 were non-rapid response CIC. Out of the eight patients treated at local infusion centers, starting with the fourth teclistamab dose, none experienced CRS events. No additional safety occurred, and no patients were subsequently hospitalized for teclistamab toxicities. Conclusions: Teclistamab can be safely administered at CIC, including centers without rapid response capabilities, starting with the 4th dose after prior ramp-up administration. Post-injection monitoring may be reduced without increased incidence of CRS-related toxicities. Our monitoring guide may serve as a model for the safe administration of teclistamab and other BiTEs in CIC. [Table: see text]
Analyzing the impact of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM): A retrospective study at a tertiary care center.
Authors: Thirugnanasambandam Ram Prakash 
Published: June 2024

e19512 Background: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) and Multiple Myeloma (MM) are hematologic conditions characterized by demographic and clinical feature variations. Examining the prevalence and outcomes of MGUS and MM in individuals with different types of diabetes is crucial for personalized healthcare. The primary aim of this study was to explore potential differences in prevalence and outcomes between type 1 and type 2 diabetes populations. Methods: A cohort of 193 patients(pts),obtained from a large endocrine clinic in Brooklyn,New York, between 2015 and 2024, comprising 56 pts with MGUS and 137 pts with MM, was analyzed for demographic characteristics, comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease), Hemoglobin A1C levels, and diabetes type. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were employed to assess the statistical significance of associations. Results: The cohort predominantly consisted of Black individuals (93%), with a statistically significant association between race and the conditions (p = 0.036). While gender distribution showed no significant association, a borderline significance was observed in the relationship between the type of diabetes and the conditions (p = 0.061). Age, co-morbidities, and Hemoglobin A1C levels did not exhibit significant associations with MGUS or MM. Conclusions: In conclusion, our preliminary analysis reveals significant associations between race and the potential links between types of diabetes and occurrences of MGUS and MM. Ongoing research aims to expand the cohort, addressing data limitations for a more comprehensive exploration. This study establishes a foundation for understanding and offers insights into personalized healthcare strategies for individuals with MGUS or MM who have diabetes. [Table: see text]
Characterization of atypical IGH rearrangement patterns in plasma cell neoplasms.
Authors: Owen Nichole , Bi Weimin , Zhao Xiaonan , Smith Janice 
Published: June 2024

e19525 Background: Approximately half of plasma cell neoplasms carry a primary IGH rearrangement, the most common partners being t(4;14) FGFR3/IGH, t(11;14) CCND1/IGH, and t(14;16) IGH/MAF. While the typical IGH breakapart (BAP) patterns are well-described, atypical patterns are scarcely summarized in the literature. Characterizing atypical or variant patterns aid in the interpretation of positive results, the understanding of pathogenesis and clone evolution, and from a lab perspective, ranking probes for reflex when limited sample is available. Methods: Bone marrow samples underwent CD138 separation to enrich for plasma cells. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using a panel of probes including the IGH BAP probe (3' red, 5' green). If the IGH BAP probe was positive for any typical or atypical pattern, reflex testing was initiated with dual fusion FISH probes for FGFR3, CCND1 and MAF. For all cases, a typical pattern for the IGH BAP is considered 1Y1R1G and atypical is any deviation from that pattern that includes at least one single red or green signal. For dual fusion probes, the typical pattern is considered 2Y1R1G. Results: Over a two year period at a reference laboratory, 184 bone marrow samples were positive for either a typical or an atypical IGH rearrangement by FISH and reflexed to the dual fusion FISH panel described above. Of these, 19 represented repeat samples from a previously tested patient; however, they were included in this study as clones often evolve leading to different patterns than observed previously. No patient was included more than twice. Of 184 samples, 105 were rearranged with CCND1, 24 with FGFR3, and 15 with MAF. The remaining 38 samples had an unknown partner. These figures approximate the relative frequency of each partner with typical rearrangements described in the literature, with CCND1 as the most common followed by FGFR3 and MAF. For cases with FGFR3 rearrangements, 11/24 had an atypical pattern with the IGH BAP probe. The 1Y1G (n=8) pattern was the most common; this pattern was rarely observed in cases of CCND1 or MAF. For cases with CCND1 rearrangements, 41 had atypical patterns; the most common was 1Y1R (n=22) followed by 1Y2R1G representing a gain of the der(14) (n=10). The 1Y1R pattern is enriched in CCND1 and MAF rearrangements and absent from FGFR3 cases. The 1Y2R1G pattern is unique to CCND1 in this cohort.For MAF, 8/15 cases had an atypical pattern including 5 with the 1Y1R pattern. Other rare atypical patterns were also observed. Conclusions: The most common atypical IGH BAP patterns are characterized and show non-random association with specific rearrangement partners. Utilizing specific atypical patterns as a guide may inform probe choices when limited plasma cells are available, and aid in the interpretation of positive results. [Table: see text]
On Artificial and Post-artificial Texts: Machine Learning and the Reader's Expectations of Literary and Non-literary Writing
Authors: Bajohr Hannes 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the advent of ChatGPT and other large language models, the number of artificial texts we encounter on a daily basis is about to increase substantially. This essay asks how this new textual situation may influence what one can call the “standard expectation of unknown texts,” which has always included the assumption that any text is the work of a human being. As more and more artificial writing begins to circulate, the essay argues, this standard expectation will shift—first, from the immediate assumption of human authorship to, second, a creeping doubt: did a machine write this? In the wake of what Matthew Kirschenbaum has called the “textpocalypse,” however, this state cannot be permanent. The author suggests that after this second transitional period, one may suspend the question of origins and, third, take on a post-artificial stance. One would then focus only on what a text says, not on who wrote it; post-artificial writing would be read with an agnostic attitude about its origins. This essay explores the implications of such post-artificiality by looking back to the early days of text synthesis, considering the limitations of aesthetic Turing tests, and indulging in reasoned speculation about the future of literary and nonliterary text generation.
Safety and Efficacy of Conscious Sedation Versus General Anesthesia for Distal Vessel Thrombectomy
Authors: Mehta Amol , Reddi Preethi , Goldman Daryl , Kellner Christopher P. , De Leacy Reade , Fifi Johanna T. , Mocco J. , Majidi Shahram 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Anesthesia modality for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for distal and medium vessel occlusions remains an open question. General anesthesia (GA) may offer advantages over conscious sedation (CS) because of reduced patient movement facilitating catheter navigation, but concerns persist about potential delays and hypotension affecting collateral circulation.

METHODS:
In our prospectively maintained stroke registry from December 2014 to July 2023, we identified patients with distal and medium vessel occlusions defined as M2, M3, or M4 occlusion; A1 or A2 occlusion; and P1 or P2 occlusion, who underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke. We compared patients who received CS with those who received GA. Primary outcomes were early neurological improvement (ENI), successful reperfusion, first-pass effect, and good outcome at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 90-day mortality.

RESULTS:
Of 279 patients, 69 (24.7%) received GA, whereas 193 (69.2%) received CS. CS was associated with higher odds of ENI compared with GA (odds ratio [OR] 2.59, 95% CI [1.04-6.98], P < .05). CS was also associated with higher rates of successful reperfusion (OR 2.33, 95% CI [1.11-4.93], P < .05). CS nonsignificantly trended toward lower rates of mortality (OR 0.51, 95% CI [0.2-1.3], P = .16). No differences in good outcome at 90 days, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or first-pass effect were seen.

CONCLUSION:
The use of CS during EVT seems to be safe and feasible with regard to successful recanalization, hemorrhagic complications, clinical outcome, and mortality. In addition, it may be associated with a higher rate of ENI. Further randomized studies in this specific EVT subpopulation are warranted.
HARNT-2 HINDFOOT NAIL OR PRO-TIBIAL SCREW FIXATION FOR EARLY MOBILIZATION: MULTICENTRE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF UTILIZATION AND OUTCOMES IN COMPLEX ANKLE FRACTURES
Authors: Bethel J. , Najefi A.A. , Davies M. , Gosney E. , Patel K. , Ahluwalia R. 
Published: June 2024

IntroductionHindfoot intramedullary nail fixation (HFN) or fibula pro-tibial screw fixation (PTS) are surgical options for ankle fractures in patients with multiple co-morbidities; we compared their outcomes.MethodsA retrospective review of 135 patients who underwent HFN fixation (87 patients) or PTS fixation (48 patients) for ankle fractures (AO/OTA A/B/C) from 5 major trauma centres. Patient demographic data, co-morbidities, Charlson Co-morbidity Index Score (CCIS), weight-bearing, and post-operative complications were recorded. Radiographs were assessed for non-union and anatomical reduction.ResultsHFN estimated 10-year survival was 27±31% and was 48±37% for PTS (p<0.001). Average time to full weightbearing (FWB) in the HFN group was 1.7±3.3 weeks compared to 7.8±3.8 weeks in the PTS group (p<0.001). Despite this, HFN fixation carried a greater VTE risk (p=0.02). HFN accompanied by joint preparation had greater risk of infection (p=0.01), metalwork failure (p=0.02) and wound breakdown (p=0.01). The overall complication rate in diabetic patients was 56%, but 76% in HFN patients. In the HFN group 17 (20%) patients died at 1 year. Patients with open fractures(p=0.01), dementia (p<0.05), and a higher CCIS (p=0.04) were more likely to die after HFN surgery. Age and co-morbidity matched data showed a higher rate of complications and mortality in those above 75 years fixed with a HFN, irrespective of CCIS. In those between 60–75 years, there was a greater risk of superficial infection and mortality after HFN, irrespective of CCIS. These complications were not seen after PTS.ConclusionHFN carries a greater risk of superficial infections, VTE and mortality compared to PTS, independent of age and CCIS. Diabetes leads to a greater comparative risk of deep infections, wound breakdown and non-union in HFN. Alternative methods of fixation (e.g. PTS) should be considered before HFN. HFN may be suitable in selective indications where other methods are not appropriate.
Optical solitons in multimode fibers: recent advances
Authors: Zitelli Mario 
Published: June 2024

Optical solitons in multimode fibers were predicted 40 years ago and extensively investigated theoretically. Transmission experiments in nonlinear multimode fibers have gained renewed interest, motivated by their potential to extend the capacity of long-distance transmission systems; only in the last few years, new experiments have revealed unexpected properties of optical solitons propagating in graded-index and step-index multimode fibers, partially re-writing the existing theory. Here we provide an overview of the recent experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies that revealed those new properties. It will be shown that multimode fiber solitons form with specific pulse width and energy dependent on the wavelength, and that they naturally evolve toward fundamental-mode Raman solitons. New soliton fission mechanisms, governed by the modal dispersion, will be explained. Possible applications in space-division multiplexed systems will be discussed. A recent thermodynamic approach to soliton condensation will be described.
A qualitative exploration of the over-the-counter availability of oral contraceptive pills in Australia
Authors: Ahmed Zobaida , Gu Yuanyuan , Sinha Kompal , Mutowo Mutsa , Gauld Natalie , Parkinson Bonny 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
The prevention of unintended pregnancy is a public health issue affecting women worldwide. In Australia, women are required to get a prescription to obtain the oral contraceptive pill (OCP), which may limit access and be a barrier to its initiation and continuing use. Changing the availability of the OCP from prescription-only to over-the-counter (OTC) is one solution, however, to ensure success policymakers need to understand women’s preferences. Telehealth services also might serve as an alternative to obtain prescriptions and increase accessibility to OCPs. This study aims to explore the preferences for OTC OCPs among Australian women, and whether the expansion of telehealth impacted women’s preferences.

Methods
A mixed methods approach was used to explore women’s preferences regarding access to the OCP. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to organically identify the preferences followed by an empirical ranking exercise. Three FGDs in two phases were conducted, pre and post-expansion of telehealth in Australia due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Convenience sampling was employed. The technique of constant comparison was used for thematic analysis where transcripts were analysed iteratively, and codes were allowed to emerge during the process to give the best chance for the attributes to develop from the data.

Results
Thematic analysis revealed that women perceived OTC availability of OCPs as a mechanism to increase the accessibility of contraception by reducing cost, travel time, waiting time, and increasing opening hours. They also believed that it would increase adherence to OCPs. However, some potential safety concerns and logistical issues were raised, including pharmacist training, access to patient’s medical history, the ability to discuss other health issues or undertake opportunistic health screening, adherence to checklists, and privacy in the pharmacy environment. Following the expansion of telehealth, accessibility issues such as opening hours, travel time, and location of the facility were considered less important.

Conclusions
The participants expressed their support for reclassifying OCPs to OTC, particularly for repeat prescriptions, as it would save valuable resources and time. However, some safety and logistical issues were raised. Women indicated they would balance these concerns with the benefits when deciding to use OTC OCPs. This could be explored using a discrete choice experiment. The expansion of telehealth was perceived to reduce barriers to accessing OCPs. The findings are likely to be informative for policymakers deciding whether to reclassify OCPs to OTC, and the concerns of women that need addressing to ensure the success of any policy change.
Will Proclaimed Changes to Multinationals’ Taxation Have an Actual Effect and What Will Really Change for Africa?
Authors: Musselli Andrea 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The article is a comment to Conceptualising the behaviour of MNEs, Tax Authorities and Tax Consultants in respect of transfer pricing practices. A three-layer analysis, by Wealth, Smulders, and Mpofu. The latter deals with transfer pricing but in the African perspective while the most part of articles frequently analyze the issue from the point of view of most developed and OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. The paper focuses on the qualities of the commented article and proposes a resume on the state of art of the complex recent reforms of transfer pricing rules disposed by the OECD.
The colexification of vision and cognition in Mandarin: controlled activity surpasses uncontrolled experience
Authors: Dai Ying , Wu Yicheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Given the colexification of perception and cognition, Georgakopoulos et al. (2022. Universal and macro-areal patterns in the lexicon: A case-study in the perception-cognition domain. Linguistic Typology 26(2). 439–487) claim that uncontrolled experience rather than controlled activity has a direct linkage to cognition. To test whether this is a universal tendency, this study conducts a contrastive behavioral profile analysis of two basic vision verbs in Mandarin: kàn, a controlled activity verb, and jiàn, an uncontrolled experience verb. The results show that (i) both kàn and jiàn colexify visual activity and cognitive senses; (ii) kàn is able to express a wider range of cognitive meanings, i.e., know, understand, and think, whereas jiàn only extends into know; and (iii) visual and cognitive meanings have more proximal relationships in the colexification pattern of kàn than that of jiàn. The study confirms the universality of the colexification between vision and cognition while providing counterexamples to the above-mentioned large data-based findings. Accordingly, a dichotomy of controlled activity versus uncontrolled experience is proposed for the colexification of vision and cognition in cognitive typology.