bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Optimal Flow Rate for Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion During Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest
Authors: Chen Yan , Liu Jinping , Ji Bingyang , Tang Yue , Wu Aili , Wang Shilei , Zhou Chun , Long Cun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compare cerebral protection using antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) with various flow rates during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in a piglet model. Twenty‐three piglets were randomized to five groups: the control group (n = 3), DHCA group (n = 5), ACP25 group (n = 5), ACP50 group (n = 5), and ACP80 group (n = 5). Three control piglets did not undergo operations. Twenty piglets underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and DHCA for 60 min at 20°C. ACP was conducted at 0, 25, 50, and 80 mL/kg/min in the DHCA, ACP25, ACP50, and ACP80 group, respectively. Serum S‐100B protein and neuron‐specific enolase were monitored, and brain tissues were assayed for the activities of caspase‐3 and stained for the evidence of apoptotic cellular injury. Rise in serum S‐100B level (post‐CPB—pre‐CPB) in the ACP50 group was significantly lower than that in the ACP80 group (P = 0.001). Caspase‐3 levels were significantly elevated in the ACP80 group compared with the ACP25 (P = 0.041) and ACP50 group (P = 0.01), while positive terminal deoxyneucleotidyl transferase‐mediated biotin‐dUTP nick end labeling reaction scores in the ACP80 group were significantly higher than those in the ACP25 (P = 0.043) and ACP50 group (P = 0.023). Cerebral protection effects of ACP at 25 and 50 mL/kg/min were superior to that of ACP at 80 mL/kg/min as determined by cerebral markers, immunology, and histology.
A Novel Design of Spiral Groove Bearing in a Hydrodynamically Levitated Centrifugal Rotary Blood Pump
Authors: Han Qing , Zou Jun , Ruan Xiaodong , Fu Xin , Yang Huayong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGood washout is very important in spiral groove bearing (SGB) designs when applied to blood pumps due to the micrometer scales of lubrication films and groove depths. To improve washout, flow rate or leakage through SGBs should be as large as possible. However, this special goal violates conventional SGB designs in which no leakage is desired as the leakage would decrease load‐carrying capacity significantly. So, a design concept is formed fulfilling the two goals of high load‐carrying capacity and large flow rate: let groove width decrease along flow path and the mating surface of the rotor rotate with a direction facilitating the flow through the grooves. Under this concept, a novel SGB is designed, contrary to conventional ones, with groove width decreasing with increasing spiral radius. This SGB is mounted on the motionless upper plate of our designed centrifugal blood pump, with the mating surface of rotor rotating with a direction facilitating the outward flow. To assess SGB designs, a characteristic plane is originally presented relating to pressure‐normalized load‐carrying capacity and flow rate. Comparisons between various kinds of SGB designs are made, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results are plotted in this characteristic plane from which load/flow performances can be directly read out. CFD and comparison results show that the new designs have superior load/flow characteristics. However, the impact of SGB designs upon hemolysis/thrombus formation is still to be verified according to the concept presented.
Progress on the Design and Development of the Continuous‐Flow Total Artificial Heart
Authors: Kobayashi Mariko , Horvath David J. , Mielke Nicole , Shiose Akira , Kuban Barry , Goodin Mark , Fukamachi Kiyotaka , Golding Leonard A.R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCleveland Clinic's continuous‐flow total artificial heart has one motor and one rotating assembly supported by a hydrodynamic bearing. The right hydraulic output is self regulated by passive axial movement of the rotating assembly to balance itself with the left output. The purpose of this article is to present progress in four areas of development: the automatic speed control system, self‐regulation to balance right/left inlet pressures and flows, hemolysis testing using calf blood, and coupled electromagnetics (EMAG) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The relationships between functions of motor power and speed, systemic flow, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were used for the sensorless speed control algorithm and demonstrated close correlations. Based on those empirical relationships, systemic flow and SVR were calculated in the system module and showed good correlation with measured pump flow and SVR. The automatic system adjusted the pump's speed to obtain the target flow in response to the calculated SVR. Atrial pressure difference (left minus right atrial pressure) was maintained within ±10 mm Hg for a wide range of SVR/pulmonary vascular resistance ratios, demonstrating a wide margin of self‐regulation under fixed‐speed mode and 25% sinusoidally modulated speed mode. Hemolysis test results indicated acceptable values (normalized index of hemolysis <0.01 mg/dL). The coupled EMAG/CFD model was validated for use in further device development.
The Practitioner Proposes a Treatment Change and the Patient Declines: What to do next?
Authors: Falzer Paul R. , Leventhal Howard L. , Peters Ellen , Fried Terri R. , Kerns Robert , Michalski Marion , Fraenkel Liana 
Published: July 2012

Abstract Objective:  This study describes how pain practitioners can elicit the beliefs that are responsible for patients’ judgments against considering a treatment change and activate collaborative decision making.Methods:  Beliefs of 139 chronic pain patients who are in treatment but continue to experience significant pain were reduced to 7 items about the significance of pain on the patient’s life. The items were aggregated into 4 decision models that predict which patients are actually considering a change in their current treatment.Results: While only 34% of study participants were considering a treatment change overall, the percentage ranged from 20 to 70, depending on their ratings about current consequences of pain, emotional influence, and long‐term impact. Generalized linear model analysis confirmed that a simple additive model of these 3 beliefs is the best predictor.Conclusion:  Initial opposition to a treatment change is a conditional judgment and subject to change as specific beliefs become incompatible with patients’ current conditions. These beliefs can be elicited through dialog by asking 3 questions.
Insular dysfunction and descending pain inhibition in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Bär K.‐J. , Berger S. , Schwier C. , Wutzler U. , Beissner F. 
Published: July 2012

Objective:  Reduced perception of pain is a well‐established phenomenon in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). We tested the hypothesis that altered processing of pain within the insula might account for reduced perception of pain.Method:  Heat pain thresholds were obtained in nineteen patients with AN and matched controls. Thereafter, a thermode was used to deliver thermal painful stimuli to the right arm during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements. Stimuli were initiated for 10 s from a baseline resting temperature (32°C) to three different levels (37, 42, 45°C).Results:  Significantly increased heat pain thresholds were observed in patients. A stronger activation during heat pain perception was found in the left posterior insula in controls. In contrast, higher levels of activity were shown in the ipsilateral pons in patients when compared to controls. In patients, we found a significant interrelation between the depression score (Beck depression inventory) and heat pain activations.Conclusion:  We suggest that reduced activity in the left posterior insula might contribute to increased pain thresholds in patients, while increased activations in the right anterior insula and pons mirror augmented sympathetic modulation putatively related to amplification of adrenergic descending pain inhibition. In addition, pain thresholds and brain activations were influenced by disease‐inherent depressed mood.
Are allergenic disperse dyes used for dyeing textiles?
Authors: Malinauskiene Laura , Zimerson Erik , Bruze Magnus , Ryberg Kristina , Isaksson Marléne 
Published: July 2012

Background. There are no data showing that disperse dyes, used to patch test patients, are currently being used for dyeing synthetic garments. It is unknown whether disperse dyes, which are currently routinely patch tested, are in fact present in synthetic textiles on the market.Objectives. To determine whether eight disperse dyes, hitherto most widely cited as allergenic, are still used in textiles that are sold in various countries.Methods. Textiles from 13 countries in Europe, Asia and the United States were analysed. The procedure used for dye identification was thin‐layer chromatography. When there were matching spots from the textile extract and reference dye, high‐performance liquid chromatography was performed.Results. Of 121 analysed items, three showed positive results for some of the investigated disperse dyes. Four dyes in these items could be detected and confirmed by the use of high‐performance liquid chromatography. A pair of light brown ladies' tights manufactured and purchased in Italy contained Disperse Yellow 3, Disperse Blue 124, and Disperse Blue 106, and a set of black bra and panties purchased in India contained Disperse Orange 1.Conclusions. The eight disperse dyes that are most frequently incriminated in textile dye dermatitis are very rarely used in textiles nowadays.
Nickel, chromium and cobalt sensitization in a patch test population in north‐eastern Italy (1996–2010)
Authors: Rui Francesca , Bovenzi Massimo , Prodi Andrea , Belloni Fortina Anna , Romano Ilaria , Corradin Maria Teresa , Larese Filon Francesca 
Published: July 2012

Background. Sensitization to nickel, cobalt and chromium is frequent in patch test populations. The prevalence is affected by geographical and socio‐cultural factors.Objectives. To investigate the temporal trend of nickel, cobalt and chromium contact sensitization between 1996 and 2010 in north‐eastern Italy.Patients/methods. Nineteen thousand and eighty‐eight patients (67.2% women and 32.8% men) with suspected allergic dermatitis underwent patch testing with the European baseline series. The associations between nickel, cobalt and chromium sensitization and patient age (in quintiles) and year of patch testing were investigated by means of multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results. The prevalence of nickel sensitization decreased significantly among younger women (≤26 years), from 38.3% (1996–1998) to 31.9% (2002–2004), 28.3% (2005–2007) and 29.0% (2008–2010), whereas an increase was observed in the 36–45‐year and 46–58‐year age groups. The overall prevalence of chromium sensitization dropped from 10.2% (1996–1998) to 4.6% (2008–2010) among women, and from 11.3% (1996–1998) to 5.9% (2008–2010) among men. The prevalence of cobalt sensitization increased among younger men (≤26 years), from 2.7% (1996–1998) to 7.3% (1999–2001), 9.6% (2002–2004), and 6.6% (2005–2007).Conclusions. Our study showed a decreasing trend of nickel sensitization (only among younger women) and of chromium sensitization in both sexes.
Quantitative expression analysis of the apoptosis‐related gene, BCL2L12, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Geomela Panagiota‐Aikaterini , Kontos Christos K. , Yiotakis Ioannis , Scorilas Andreas 
Published: July 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2013)42: 154–161Background:  BCL2L12 is a recently identified gene belonging to the BCL2 family, members of which are implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We have recently shown that BCL2L12 mRNA expression is an unfavorable prognostic indicator in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and that BCL2L12 can be regarded as a novel, useful tissue biomarker for the prediction of NPC patients’ short‐term relapse. The aim of this study was to analyze the mRNA expression of the novel apoptosis‐related gene BCL2L12 in patients with HNSCC.Methods:  Total RNA was isolated from 53 malignant tumors originating in larynx, pharynx, tongue, buccal mucosa, parotid glands, and nasal cavity, as well as from 34 adjacent non‐cancerous tissue specimens, resected from patients with HNSCC. A highly sensitive real‐time PCR method for BCL2L12 mRNA quantification in head and neck tissues was developed using the SYBR® Green chemistry. After preparing cDNA by reverse transcription, relative quantification was performed using the comparative CT () method.Results:  BCL2L12 mRNA levels were lower in laryngeal tumors of advanced tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage or bigger size and in well‐differentiated malignant tongue neoplasms, compared with early‐stage laryngeal tumors or poorly differentiated tongue tumors. Interestingly, the BCL2L12 expression showed significant discriminatory value, distinguishing efficiently patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from non‐cancerous population.Conclusions:  This is the first study examining the BCL2L12 mRNA expression in HNSCC. Our results suggest that BCL2L12 mRNA expression may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker in tongue and/or larynx SCC, which principally constitute the great majority of HNSCC cases worldwide.
Influence of surface charge of gold nanorods on skin penetration
Authors: Lee Onseok , Jeong Sang Hoon , Shin Won Ung , Lee Gunwoo , Oh Chilhwan , Son Sang Wook 
Published: July 2012

Background/purposeThe skin plays an important role as a protective barrier against toxic environments and also is a route of drug administration. In spite of evidence for and interest in the skin penetration of nanoparticles, no study has examined the effect of nanoparticle surface charge on percutaneous absorption. In this study, we investigated the effect of surface charges of gold nanorods (GNs) on skin penetration.MethodsUsing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and image analysis, we quantitatively measured the ability of GNs to penetrate the skin.ResultsOur results showed that the area density of the electron‐dense dots of GNs, which penetrated into the stratum corneum, significantly increased for negatively charged GNs compared to those with a positive charge (P < 0.01). To investigate the percutanoues absorption of charged GNs, in vitro skin permeation studies were carried out using a Franz‐type diffusion cell (FDC). The penetration of GNs through the skin was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Consistent with TEM observations, our penetration study using an FDC also revealed that negative particles were frequently detected in samples of receptor fluid at 48 h after exposure (P < 0.01).ConclusionTogether our results showed that anionic GNs penetrate skin better than cationic GNs.
Linkage analysis confirms heterogeneity of hereditary gingival fibromatosis
Authors: Nibali L , Medlar A , Stanescu H , Kleta R , Darbar U , Donos N 
Published: July 2012

ObjectivesHereditary Gingival Fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare benign fibrous lesion of the gingival tissues presumably caused by single gene defects. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic defect leading to HGF in an extended pedigree.Materials and MethodsWe report the clinical features and genetic analysis of a family affected by HGF. A total of 17 subjects were assessed clinically and had blood samples taken for DNA extraction. Multipoint parametric linkage analysis was performed to identify the possible chromosomal location responsible for HGF in this family.ResultsPresence of severe HGF associated with tooth impaction was confirmed for seven members of this three‐generation family. Linkage analysis revealed that loci on chromosomes 7, 10, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19 and 20 were linked to this trait. Previously found mutations in the SOS1 and GINGF loci were therefore excluded by this analysis.ConclusionsThis study brings further evidence for genetic heterogeneity of HGF and points towards the existence of different, not‐yet‐identified genes linked to this condition.
The growth and osteoclastogenic effects of fibroblasts isolated from keratocystic odontogenic tumor
Authors: Wang H‐C , Li T‐J 
Published: July 2012

Oral Diseases (2012)Objectives:  To investigate the growth characteristics and effects on osteoclastogenesis in fibroblasts isolated from keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) fibrous capsule.Materials and Methods:  Fibroblasts isolated from KCOT fibrous capsule and normal gingival mucosa were cultured in vitro. Their colony‐forming units and proliferative activity were investigated, and the osteoclastogenic effects were also observed by a co‐culture system with osteoclast precursor cell line Raw264.7. The mRNA of several genes related to bone resorption (IL‐6, VEGF, COX‐2, and M‐CSF) was analyzed by real‐time PCR.Results:  Keratocystic odontogenic tumor fibroblasts developed fewer CFU and had longer population doubling time than gingival fibroblasts (P < 0.05). In contrast to gingival fibroblasts, KCOT fibroblasts expressed less IL‐6, COX‐2, and M‐CSF (P < 0.05); however, the Raw264.7 co‐cultured with KCOT fibroblasts developed more osteoclast‐like cells and expressed higher level of nfatc1 than that co‐cultured with gingival fibroblasts. Increased COX‐2 expression and VEGF expression were detected in KCOT fibroblasts and Raw264.7 co‐culture system (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Although KCOT fibroblasts showed lower level of cell proliferation than gingival fibroblasts, higher osteoclastogenic ability was detected when co‐cultured with Raw264.7. These results suggest that the cell–cell interaction in the co‐culture system, possibly by increasing COX‐2 and VEGF expression, may be responsible for the increased osteoclastogenic effects of KCOT fibroblasts.
“Smoking guns”: Hazards generated by laser and electrocautery smoke
Authors: Karsai Syrus , Däschlein Georg 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe smoke generated by laser surgery and electrocautery may contain significant amounts of toxic, carcinogenic, and infectious gases and particles. Although there is little scientific data on the actual type and extent of the hazards related to exposure, considering the potential for irreversible health damage, safety measures should not be delayed. All potentially exposed persons (including patients, medical, and cleaning staff) should be acquainted with the possible health and occupational hazards related to smoke from electrocautery and laser surgery procedures.
Postnatal percentile growth charts for Indian appropriate for gestational age (AGA) very low birth weight babies
Authors: Kumar Sarath , Bhalla Anil Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Kanya , Narang Anil 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAims:  To develop postnatal percentile growth charts for Indian very low birth weight (VLBW) appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies till 37 weeks post conceptional age (PCA).Methods:  Prospective, mixed longitudinal study in 105 VLBW AGA (male 73 and female 32) babies weighing <1500 g and <34 weeks gestation born over 1 year. All were weighed daily until discharge and then weekly till 37 weeks of PCA. The percentile weight curves were computed in four categories : ≤28 weeks, 29–30, 31–32 and 33 weeks, and a total of seven percentile distributions (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th& 97th) were generated. Entire data were subjected to Tanner’s 1951 method to compute mean and standard deviation for body weight. The arithmetic mean served the 50th percentile.Results:  All babies at birth were <50th centile as per Lubchenco’s intrauterine growth chart. This pattern was more evident in higher gestation (31–32 and 33 weeks) than lower gestation (≤28 and 29–30 weeks). At 37 weeks PCA, all were <10th centile and the lowest was in ≤28 weeks gestation.Conclusions:  Our babies are born smaller, and growth rate is slower than their western counterparts. Babies at lowest gestation had slowest postnatal growth. Hence, we need a separate growth chart for our babies.
Local plant species delimitation in a highly diverse Amazonian forest: do we all see the same species?
Authors: Gomes Ana C.S. , Andrade Ana , Barreto‐Silva Juan S. , Brenes‐Arguedas Tania , López Dairon C. , de Freitas Camila C. , Lang Carla , de Oliveira Alexandre A. , Pérez Alvaro J. , Perez Rolando , da Silva João B. , Silveira Alexandra M.F. , Vaz Marcel C. , Vendrami Juliana , Vicentini Alberto 
Published: July 2012

AbstractQuestionHow reliable is the process of delimiting plant species by morphotyping sterile specimens from a highly diverse Amazonian forest plot?Location
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), Central Amazon, Manaus, Brazil.MethodsA taxonomic exercise was conducted during a Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS) Taxonomy Workshop held in Manaus in April 2011, using specimens collected in a 25‐ha forest plot. The plant species from this plot had been previously delimited by morphotyping of ca. 80 000 sterile specimens, a process that resulted in the recognition of 115 cases (accounting for 38% of all trees) in which species delimitation was problematic. For the workshop, we selected a subsample of specimens for eight of these difficult cases (taxonomic groups/complexes) and asked 14 participants with different levels of botanical training to independently sort these specimens into morphospecies. We then compared the classifications made by all participants and explored correlations between botanical training and plant classification.ResultsThe classification of specimens into morphospecies was highly variable among participants, except for one taxonomic group/complex, for which the median pair‐wise similarity was 95%. For the other seven taxonomic groups/complexes, median pair‐wise similarity values ranged from 52% to 67%. Training did not increase the similarity in the definition of morphospecies except for two taxonomic groups/complexes, for which there was higher congruence between the classifications made by participants with a high level of botanical training than in comparisons that included less‐experienced participants. The total number of morphospecies defined by participants was highly variable for all taxonomic groups/complexes, with the total number varying from 12 to 46 (a 383% difference).ConclusionsLocal plant species delimitation by morphotyping sterile specimens is prone to large uncertainties, and botanical training may not reduce them. We argue that uncertainty in species delimitation should be explicitly considered in plant biodiversity inventories as diversity estimates may be strongly affected by such uncertainties. We recommend that species delimitation and identification be treated as separate processes and that difficulties be explicitly recorded, so as to permit error estimates and the refinement of taxonomic data.