bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The course of depressive symptoms and prescribing patterns of antidepressants in schizophrenia in a one-year follow-up study
Authors: Lako I.M. , Taxis K. , Bruggeman R. , Knegtering H. , Burger H. , Wiersma D. , Slooff C.J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackgroundAntidepressants are frequently prescribed in patients with psychotic disorders, but little is known about their effects in routine clinical practice. The objective was to investigate the prescribing patterns of antidepressants in relation to the course of depressive symptoms in patients with psychotic disorders.MethodsA cohort of 214 Dutch patients with psychotic disorders received two assessments of somatic and psychiatric health, including a clinician-rated screening for depressive symptoms, as part of annual routine outcome monitoring.ResultsDepressive symptoms were prevalent among 43% (93) of the patients. Antidepressants were prescribed for 40% (86) of the patients and the majority 83% (71) continued this therapy after one year. Multivariable analysis showed that patients with more severe psychopathology had a higher risk to develop depressive symptoms the following year (OR [95% CI]=0.953 [0.912–0.995]). For patients with depressive symptoms at baseline, polypharmacy was a potential risk factor to keep having depressive symptoms (OR [95% CI]=1.593 [1.123–2.261]). Antidepressant use was not an independent predictor in both analyses.ConclusionsRoutine outcome monitoring in patients with psychotic disorders revealed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms. Antidepressants were frequently prescribed and continued in routine clinical practice.
Baseline and prodromal characteristics of first- versus multiple-episode mania in a French cohort of bipolar patients
Authors: Azorin J.-M. , Kaladjian A. , Adida M. , Fakra E. , Hantouche E. , Lancrenon S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective:To identify some of the main features of bipolar disorder for both first-episode (FE) mania and the preceding prodromal phase, in order to increase earlier recognition.Methods:One thousand and ninety manic patients (FE=81, multiple-episodes [ME]=1009) were assessed for clinical and temperamental characteristics.Results:Compared to ME, FE patients reported more psychotic and less depressive symptoms but were comparable with respect to temperamental measures and comorbid anxiety. The following independent variables were associated with FE mania: a shorter delay before correct diagnosis, greater substance use, being not divorced, greater stressors before current mania, a prior diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, lower levels of depression during index manic episode, and more suicide attempts in the past year.Conclusion:In FE patients, the diagnosis of mania may be overlooked, as they present with more psychotic symptoms than ME patients. The prodromal phase is characterised by high levels of stress, suicide attempts, anxiety disorders and alcohol or substance abuse. Data suggest to consider these prodromes as harmful consequences of temperamental predispositions to bipolar disorder that may concur to precipitate mania onset. Their occurrence should therefore incite clinicians to screen for the presence of such predispositions, in order to identify patients at risk of FE mania.
A conceptual model of valley incision, planation and terrace formation during cold and arid permafrost conditions of Pleistocene southern England
Authors: Murton Julian B. , Belshaw Roger K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractStaircases of gravelly river terrace deposits in southern England occupy valleys typically underlain by frost-susceptible and brecciated bedrocks. The valleys developed during the Quaternary by alternating episodes of (1) brecciation, incision and planation through the bedrock, forming wide low-relief erosion surfaces; and (2) aggradation in braidplains of gravel a few meters thick that bury the erosion surfaces. A conceptual model to account for some of the terraces proposes that brecciation resulted from ice segregation in the ice-rich layer in the upper meters of Pleistocene permafrost, making them vulnerable to fluvial thermal erosion and therefore predisposing the bedrock to planation. The low gradients of the valleys were adjusted such that rivers transferred fine materials out of the basins but lacked the competence to remove gravel, which therefore accumulated within floodplains. The model challenges the prevailing view of incision during climate transitions. It attributes incision and planation to very cold and arid permafrost conditions, when rivers had limited discharges and hillslopes supplied limited volumes of stony debris into valley bottoms.
A single self-deceived or several subselves divided?
Authors: Kenrick Douglas T. , White Andrew E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWould we lie to ourselves? We don't need to. Rather than a single self equipped with a few bivariate processes, the mind is composed of a dissociated aggregation of subselves processing qualitatively different information relevant to different adaptive problems. Each subself selectively processes the information coming in to the brain as well as information previously stored in the brain.
Self-deceive to countermine detection
Authors: Lu Hui Jing , Chang Lei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHaving evolved to escape detection of deception completely, self-deception must respond to social conditions registering different probabilities of detection. To be adaptive, it must have a mechanism to keep truthful information temporarily from the self during deception and retrieve it after deception. The memory system may serve this mechanism and provides a paradigm in which to conduct research on self-deception.
Reviewing the logic of self-deception
Authors: Fridland Ellen 
Published: February 2011

AbstractI argue that framing the issue of motivated belief formation and its subsequent social gains in the language of self-deception raises logical difficulties. Two such difficulties are that (1) in trying to provide an evolutionary motive for viewing self-deception as a mechanism to facilitate other-deception, the ease and ubiquity of self-deception are undermined, and (2) because after one has successfully deceived oneself, what one communicates to others, though untrue, is not deceptive, we cannot say that self-deception evolved in order to facilitate the deception of others.
Understanding self-deception demands a co-evolutionary framework
Authors: Gangestad Steven W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe foundational theme of the target article is that processes of self-deception occur in a functional context: a social one through which self-deceptive processes enhance fitness by affecting an actor's performances. One essential component of this context not addressed explicitly is that audiences should have been selected to resist, where possible, enhancements falsely bolstered by self-deception. Theoretical implications follow.
The selfish goal: Self-deception occurs naturally from autonomous goal operation
Authors: Huang Julie Y. , Bargh John A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSelf-deception may be a natural consequence of active goal operation instead of an adaptation for negotiating the social world. We argue that because autonomous goal programs likely drove human judgment and behavior prior to evolution of a central executive or “self,” these goal programs can operate independently to attain their desired end states and thereby produce outcomes that “deceive” the individual.
Representations and decision rules in the theory of self-deception
Authors: Pinker Steven 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSelf-deception is a powerful but overapplied theory. It is adaptive only when a deception-detecting audience is in the loop, not when an inaccurate representation is invoked as an internal motivator. First, an inaccurate representation cannot be equated with self-deception, which entails two representations, one inaccurate and the other accurate. Second, any motivational advantages are best achieved with an adjustment to the decision rule on when to act, not with a systematic error in an internal representation.
The evolutionary route to self-deception: Why offensive versus defensive strategy might be a false alternative
Authors: Frey Ulrich , Voland Eckart 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSelf-deception may be the result of social manipulation and conflict management of social in-groups. Although self-deception certainly has offensive and defensive aspects, a full evolutionary understanding of this phenomenon is not possible until strategies of other parties are included into a model of self-perception and self-representation.
Reflections on self-deception
Authors: von Hippel William , Trivers Robert 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCommentators raised 10 major questions with regard to self-deception: Are dual representations necessary? Does self-deception serve intrapersonal goals? What forces shape self-deception? Are there cultural differences in self-deception? What is the self? Does self-deception have costs? How well do people detect deception? Are self-deceivers lying? Do cognitive processes account for seemingly motivational ones? And how is mental illness tied up with self-deception? We address these questions and conclude that none of them compel major modifications to our theory of self-deception, although many commentators provided helpful suggestions and observations.
Culture of deception
Authors: Gorelik Gregory , Shackelford Todd K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe examine the self-deceptive aspects of religion and nationalism. By embracing various religious or political ideals, regardless of their truth, our ancestors could have enhanced their confidence, solidified their social ties, and manipulated their reproductive rivals. This use of culture as one's extended phenotype may increase the spread of misinformation and create global webs of deception and self-deception.
Societal, Structural, and Conceptual Changes in Mathematics Teaching: Reform Processes in France and Germany over the Twentieth Century and the International Dynamics
Authors: Gispert Hélène , Schubring Gert 
Published: February 2011

ArgumentThis paper studies the evolution of mathematics teaching in France and Germany from 1900 to about 1980. These two countries were leading in the processes of international modernization. We investigate the similarities and differences during the various periods, which showed to constitute significant time units and this in a remarkably parallel manner for the two countries. We argue that the processes of reform concerning the teaching of this major school subject are not understandable from within mathematics education or even within the school system. Rather, the evolution of the processes of reform prove to be intimately tied to changing conceptions of modernity according to respective social and cultural values and to changing epistemological conceptions of mathematics. It is particularly novel that we show the key impact of the changing social status of primary schooling for these modernization processes.
Global distribution patterns of distinct clades of the photosynthetic picoeukaryote Ostreococcus
Authors: Demir-Hilton Elif , Sudek Sebastian , Cuvelier Marie L , Gentemann Chelle L , Zehr Jonathan P , Worden Alexandra Z 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Ostreococcus is a marine picophytoeukaryote for which culture studies indicate there are ‘high-light’ and ‘low-light’ adapted ecotypes. Representatives of these ecotypes fall within two to three 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clades for the former and one for the latter. However, clade distributions and relationships to this form of niche partitioning are unknown in nature. We developed two quantitative PCR primer-probe sets and enumerated the proposed ecotypes in the Pacific Ocean as well as the subtropical and tropical North Atlantic. Statistical differences in factors such as salinity, temperature and NO3 indicated the ecophysiological parameters behind clade distributions are more complex than irradiance alone. Clade OII, containing the putatively low-light adapted strains, was detected at warm oligotrophic sites. In contrast, Clade OI, containing high-light adapted strains, was present in cooler mesotrophic and coastal waters. Maximal OI abundance (19 555±37 18S rDNA copies per ml) was detected in mesotrophic waters at 40 m depth, approaching the nutricline. OII was often more abundant at the deep chlorophyll maximum, when nutrient concentrations were significantly higher than at the surface (stratified euphotic zone waters). However, in mixed euphotic-zone water columns, relatively high numbers (for example, 891±107 18S rDNA copies per ml, Sargasso Sea, springtime) were detected at the surface. Both Clades OI and OII were found at multiple euphotic zone depths, but co-occurrence at the same geographical location appeared rare and was detected only in continental slope waters. In situ growth rate estimates using these primer-probes and better comprehension of physiology will enhance ecological understanding of Ostreococcus Clades OII and OI which appear to be oceanic and coastal clades, respectively.
Silicon–germanium interdiffusion in strained Ge/SiGe multiple quantum well structures
Authors: Xue-Chao Liu  , D R Leadley  
Published: February 2011

The corresponding author, Xue-Chao Liu, would like to apologize for the omission of some of the contributing authors from this published paper. The full list of contributing authors should read:Xue-Chao Liu, R J H Morris, M Myronov, A Dobbie and D R LeadleyDr R J H Morris contributed the secondary ion mass spectrometry measurement and analysis, shown in figure 2. Drs M Myronov and A Dobbie contributed by growing the samples.
Non-commutative circuits and the sum-of-squares problem
Authors: Hrubeš Pavel , Wigderson Avi , Yehudayoff Amir 
Published: February 2011

We initiate a direction for proving lower bounds on the size of non-commutative arithmetic circuits. This direction is based on a connection between lower bounds on the size of non-commutative arithmetic circuits and a problem about commutative degree-four polynomials, the classical sum-of-squares problem: find the smallest

n
n

such that there exists an identity

(
0.1
)

(

x
1
2

+

x
2
2

+
⋯
+

x
k
2

)
⋅
(

y
1
2

+

y
2
2

+
⋯
+

y
k
2

)
=

f

1

2

+

f

2

2

+
⋯
+

f

n

2

,

\begin{equation*} (0.1)\quad \quad (x_1^2+x_2^2+\cdots + x_k^2)\cdot (y_1^2+y_2^2+\cdots + y_k^2)= f_{1}^{2}+f_{2}^{2}+\dots +f_{n}^{2} , \quad \quad \end{equation*}

where each

f

i

=

f
i

(
X
,
Y
)

f_{i} = f_i(X,Y)

is a bilinear form in

X
=
{

x

1

,
…
,

x

k

}

X=\{x_{1},\dots ,x_{k}\}

and

Y
=
{

y

1

,
…
,

y

k

}

Y=\{y_{1},\dots , y_{k}\}

. Over the complex numbers, we show that a sufficiently strong superlinear lower bound on

n
n

in (0.1), namely,

n
≥

k

1
+
ϵ

n\geq k^{1+\epsilon }

with

ϵ
>
0

\epsilon >0

, implies an exponential lower bound on the size of arithmetic circuits computing the non-commutative permanent.

More generally, we consider such sum-of-squares identities for any biqua- dratic polynomial

h
(
X
,
Y
)

h(X,Y)

, namely

(
0.2
)

h
(
X
,
Y
)
=

f

1

2

+

f

2

2

+
⋯
+

f

n

2

.

\begin{equation*} (0.2) \quad \quad \qquad \quad \quad \quad \quad h(X,Y) = f_{1}^{2}+f_{2}^{2}+\dots +f_{n}^{2} . \quad \quad \qquad \quad \quad \quad \quad \end{equation*}

Again, proving

n
≥

k

1
+
ϵ

n\geq k^{1+\epsilon }

in (0.2) for any explicit

h
h

over the complex numbers gives an exponential lower bound for the non-commutative permanent. Our proofs rely on several new structure theorems for non-commutative circuits, as well as a non-commutative analog of Valiant’s completeness of the permanent.

We prove such a superlinear bound in one special case. Over the real numbers, we construct an explicit biquadratic polynomial

h
h

such that

n
n

in (0.2) must be at least

Ω
(

k

2

)

\Omega (k^{2})

. Unfortunately, this result does not imply circuit lower bounds. We also present other structural results about non-commutative arithmetic circuits. We show that any non-commutative circuit computing an ordered non-commutative polynomial can be efficiently transformed to a syntactically multilinear circuit computing that polynomial. The permanent, for example, is ordered. Hence, lower bounds on the size of syntactically multilinear circuits computing the permanent imply unrestricted non-commutative lower bounds. We also prove an exponential lower bound on the size of a non-commutative syntactically multilinear circuit computing an explicit polynomial. This polynomial is, however, not ordered and an unrestricted circuit lower bound does not follow.
Dual function of Rpn5 in two PCI complexes, the 26S proteasome and COP9 signalosome
Authors: Yu Zanlin , Kleifeld Oded , Lande-Atir Avigail , Bsoul Maisa , Kleiman Maya , Krutauz Daria , Book Adam , Vierstra Richard D. , Hofmann Kay , Reis Noa , Glickman Michael H. , Pick Elah 
Published: February 2011

Subunit composition and architectural structure of the 26S proteasome lid is strictly conserved between all eukaryotes. This eight-subunit complex bears high similarity to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 and to the COP9 signalosome (CSN), which together define the proteasome CSN/COP9/initiation factor (PCI) troika. In some unicellular eukaryotes, the latter two complexes lack key subunits, encouraging questions about the conservation of their structural design. Here we demonstrate that, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rpn5 plays dual roles by stabilizing proteasome and CSN structures independently. Proteasome and CSN complexes are easily dissected, with Rpn5 the only subunit in common. Together with Rpn5, we identified a total of six bona fide subunits at roughly stoichiometric ratios in isolated, affinity-purified CSN. Moreover, the copy of Rpn5 associated with the CSN is required for enzymatic hydrolysis of Rub1/Nedd8 conjugated to cullins. We propose that multitasking by a single subunit, Rpn5 in this case, allows it to function in different complexes simultaneously. These observations demonstrate that functional substitution of subunits by paralogues is feasible, implying that the canonical composition of the three PCI complexes in S. cerevisiae is more robust than hitherto appreciated.
Index Funds, Financialization, and Commodity Futures Markets
Authors: Irwin Scott H. , Sanders Dwight R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSome market participants and policy‐makers believe that index fund investment was a major driver of the 2007‐2008 spike in commodity futures prices. One group of empirical studies does find evidence that commodity index investment had an impact on the level of futures prices. However, the data and methods used in these studies are subject to criticisms that limit the confidence one can place in their results. Moreover, another group of studies provides no systematic evidence of a relationship between positions of index funds and the level of commodity futures prices. The lack of a direct empirical link between index fund trading and commodity futures prices casts considerable doubt on the belief that index funds fueled a price bubble.
Executive Summary: International Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis and Pyelonephritis in Women: A 2010 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Gupta Kalpana , Hooton Thomas M. , Naber Kurt G. , Wullt Björn , Colgan Richard , Miller Loren G. , Moran Gregory J. , Nicolle Lindsay E. , Raz Raul , Schaeffer Anthony J. , Soper David E. 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
A Panel of International Experts was convened by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in collaboration with the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) to update the 1999 Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection Guidelines by the IDSA. Co-sponsoring organizations include the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Urological Association, Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases–Canada, and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. The focus of this work is treatment of women with acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis, diagnoses limited in these guidelines to premenopausal, non-pregnant women with no known urological abnormalities or co-morbidities. The issues of in vitro resistance prevalence and the ecological adverse effects of antimicrobial therapy (collateral damage) were considered as important factors in making optimal treatment choices and thus are reflected in the rankings of recommendations.
Augmentation of left ventricular mechanics by recirculation‐mediated AAV2/1–SERCA2a gene delivery in experimental heart failure
Authors: Mariani Justin A. , Smolic Anka , Preovolos Arthur , Byrne Melissa J. , Power John M. , Kaye David M. 
Published: February 2011

AimsDown‐regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) is a key molecular abnormality in heart failure (HF), which is not currently addressed by specific pharmacotherapy. We sought to evaluate, in detail, the impact of augmented SERCA2a expression on left ventricular (LV) mechanics in a large animal model of HF.Methods and resultsHeart failure was induced in adult sheep by rapid pacing (180 b.p.m.) for 1 month, followed by delivery of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) 2/1–SERCA, using a percutaneous, recirculating system for gene delivery over a 10 min period. Left ventricular mechanics was investigated by echocardiography and conductance catheter measurements in sheep receiving AAV2/1–SERCA2a after a further 4 weeks of pacing in comparison with untreated HF controls. Left ventricular function was significantly improved in the AAV2/1–SERCA2a‐treated group, despite continued pacing, as measured by fractional shortening (delta absolute FS, control −4.2 ± 1.5% vs. treatment 4.4 ± 1.5%; P < 0.01) and conductance catheterization (delta Ees, control −1.22 ± 0.60 vs. treatment 0.65 ± 0.51; P < 0.05). Western blots showed an increase in SERCA protein in AAV2/1–SERCA2a‐treated animals, and an analysis of gene delivery showed no evidence of regional myocardial heterogeneity in the distribution of AAV2/1–SERCA.ConclusionIn a large animal model, AAV2/1‐mediated SERCA2a gene delivery using percutaneous, recirculating cardiac delivery leads to improved LV function.