bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harming Kin to Save Strangers: Further Evidence for Abnormally Utilitarian Moral Judgments after Ventromedial Prefrontal Damage
Authors: Thomas Bradley C. , Croft Katie E. , Tranel Daniel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe ventromedial PFC (vmPFC) has been implicated as a critical neural substrate mediating the influence of emotion on moral reasoning. It has been shown that the vmPFC is especially important for making moral judgments about “high-conflict” moral dilemmas involving direct personal actions, that is, scenarios that pit compelling utilitarian considerations of aggregate welfare against the highly emotionally aversive act of directly causing harm to others [Koenigs, M., Young, L., Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Cushman, F., Hauser, M., et al. Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgments. Nature, 446, 908–911, 2007]. The current study was designed to elucidate further the role of the vmPFC in high-conflict moral judgments, including those that involve indirect personal actions, such as indirectly causing harm to one's kin to save a group of strangers. We found that patients with vmPFC lesions were more likely than brain-damaged and healthy comparison participants to endorse utilitarian outcomes on high-conflict dilemmas regardless of whether the dilemmas (1) entailed direct versus indirect personal harms and (2) were presented from the Self versus Other perspective. In addition, all groups were more likely to endorse utilitarian outcomes in the Other perspective as compared with the Self perspective. These results provide important extensions of previous work, and the findings align with the proposal that the vmPFC is critical for reasoning about moral dilemmas in which anticipating the social-emotional consequences of an action (e.g., guilt or remorse) is crucial for normal moral judgments [Greene, J. D. Why are VMPFC patients more utilitarian?: A dual-process theory of moral judgment explains. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 322–323, 2007; Koenigs, M., Young, L., Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Cushman, F., Hauser, M., et al. Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgments. Nature, 446, 908–911, 2007].
Handling Relations with Myanmar in a Chinese Way: A Personal Reflection
Authors: Ruisheng Cheng 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDuring the political storm in Myanmar (Burma) in 1988, China adhered to a policy of non-interference, non-involvement and keeping aloof, in conformity with the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, which has been jointly initiated by China, India and Myanmar in 1954. This enabled China to restore gradually its traditional friendly relations with Myanmar when the situation became stable again after the military takeover in September 1988. At the same time, China kept friendly contacts with the opposition party led by Aung San Suu Kyi until she was placed under house arrest in 1989. Cheng Ruisheng served as China’s Ambassador to Myanmar from 1987 to 1991 and is now the only person in the Chinese Foreign Ministry who is personally acquainted with Aung San Suu Kyi. By sharing recollections of his time in Yangon, Cheng Ruisheng provides valuable insights into the principles and practice of China’s diplomacy.
Comparison of Anthropometry of U.S. Electric Utility Field-Workers With North American General Populations
Authors: Marklin Richard W. , Saginus Kyle A. , Seeley Patricia , Freier Stephen H. 
Published: October 2010

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether conventional anthropometric databases of the U.S. general population are applicable to the population of U.S. electric utility field-workers. Background: On the basis of anecdotal observations, field-workers for electric power utilities were thought to be generally taller and larger than the general population. However, there were no anthropometric data available on this population, and it was not known whether the conventional anthropometric databases could be used to design for this population. Method: For this study, 3 standing and 11 sitting anthropometric measurements were taken from 187 male field-workers from three electric power utilities located in the upper Midwest of the United States and Southern California. The mean and percentile anthropometric data from field-workers were compared with seven well-known conventional anthropometric databases for North American males (United States, Canada, and Mexico). Results: In general, the male field-workers were taller and heavier than the people in the reference databases for U.S. males.The field-workers were up to 2.3 cm taller and 10 kg to 18 kg heavier than the averages of the reference databases. Conclusion: This study was justified, as it showed that the conventional anthropometric databases of the general population underestimated the size of electric utility field-workers, particularly with respect to weight. Application: When designing vehicles and tools for electric utility field-workers, designers and ergonomists should consider the population being designed for and the data from this study to maximize safety, minimize risk of injuries, and optimize performance.
Which treatment approach is better for hemiplegic shoulder pain in stroke patients: intra-articular steroid or suprascapular nerve block? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yasar Evren , Vural Dilek , Safaz Ismail , Balaban Birol , Yilmaz Bilge , Goktepe Ahmet Salim , Alaca Ridvan 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To determine which injection technique was effective for patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain. Design: Randomized prospective double-blind study. Setting: Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit. Intervention: Patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain were recruited over a 12-month period and all were hospitalized in our clinic. Intra-articular steroid injection or suprascapular nerve block was performed on all patients. Main measures: Range of motion values at the moment that pain started (range of motion A) and passive maximum range of motion values (range of motion B) were recorded. Pain intensity levels (visual analogue scale) at these two range of motion values (pain A and pain B) were also taken. Evaluations were made before the injection, and 1 hour, one week and one month after the injection. Results: Twenty-six patients were enrolled in the study, the mean age was 61.53 ± 10.30 years. The mean time since injury was 8.69 ± 15.71 months. The aetiology was ischaemic in 16 (61%) patients. Intra-articular steroid injection was performed in 11 (42 %) patients, and suprascapular nerve block in 15 (57%) patients. Range of motion A and range of motion B were changed statistically in repeated measures. There were important differences in repeated measures of pain intensity levels at these two range of motion values ( P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were determined in all measurements between intra-articular steroid injection and suprascapular nerve block groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusions: Our results showed that neither injection technique was superior to the other. Both injection procedures are safe and have a similar effect in stroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.
The effectiveness of continuous passive motion on range of motion, pain and muscle strength following rotator cuff repair: a systematic review
Authors: Du Plessis M , Eksteen E , Jenneker A , Kriel E , Mentoor C , Stucky T , van Staden D , Morris LD 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To systematically review the evidence on the effect of continuous passive motion, combined with usual physiotherapy management, on increasing shoulder joint range of motion and muscle strength, and reducing shoulder pain in adults following rotator cuff repair, compared with standard physiotherapy. Data sources: A comprehensive search in available bibliographic electronic databases was undertaken to locate eligible studies. Reference tracing was also used to locate studies. Review methods: Randomized controlled trials reporting on the effect of continuous passive motion on increasing shoulder joint range of motion and muscle strength and reducing shoulder pain in adults following rotator cuff repair were included in the review. The PEDro scale was used to determine the methodological quality of the studies. Data were summarized in a narrative form because of their heterogeneity. Results: Four randomized controlled trials were eligible for this review. One Japanese article was excluded as the text was unavailable in English. The methodological quality of the included studies averaged 7.67. Continuous passive motion was found to improve shoulder range of motion in two studies. One study found a decrease in pain in the intervention group and one study found that continuous passive motion improves muscle strength. Conclusion: Continuous passive motion is safe to use with physiotherapy treatment following rotator cuff repair surgery. It may help to prevent secondary complications post operatively.
Psychometric validation of the Multidimensional Acceptance of Loss Scale
Authors: Ferrin James M , Fong Chan  , Chronister Julie , Chiu Chung-Yi 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To develop and field test the Multidimensional Acceptance of Loss Scale to measure disability acceptance based on the four value changes identified by Beatrice Wright. Design: Quantitative descriptive design using exploratory factor analysis to determine the factorial validity of the Multidimensional Acceptance of Loss Scale. Setting: The Canadian Paraplegic Association. Subjects: One hundred and sixty-one members of the Alberta, Saskatchewan, Nova Scotia and Manitoba chapters of the Canadian Paraplegic Association were recruited for the current study. Results: A four-factor structure accounting for 50% of the total variance was found for the Multidimensional Acceptance of Loss Scale. The internal consistency reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha) for the four factors ranged from 0.80 to 0.88. Three clusters of participants with high, moderate and low disability acceptance were identified based on their profiles of Multidimensional Acceptance of Loss Scale subscale scores using cluster analysis. MANOVA results indicated that participants in the three clusters significantly differed on self-esteem, F(2, 154) = 19.78, P<0.001 and quality of life, F(8, 236) = 5.16, P<0.001. Participants with high Multidimensional Acceptance of Loss Scale scores have higher self-esteem and quality of life scores than those with lower scores. Conclusion: The Multidimensional Acceptance of Loss Scale was found to measure the four value changes in Beatrice Wright’s disability acceptance theory in a sample of Canadians with spinal cord injuries. It demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and construct validity.
Comparison of different treatment protocols in the treatment of idiopathic detrusor overactivity: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaya Serap , Akbayrak Türkan , Beksaç Sinan 
Published: October 2010

Objective: To investigate and compare the effectiveness of various treatment protocols for the treatment of women with idiopathic detrusor overactivity. Design: Prospective, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Departments of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hacettepe University. Subjects: Forty-six subjects were randomized to three groups. Interventions: The first group received only pharmacotherapy, the second group received only physiotherapy and in the third group pharmacotherapy was combined with physiotherapy (combined therapy group). Main measures: All patients were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of treatment. Assessment parameters were maximum cystometric capacity, electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles, voiding diary parameters, the amount of urine leakage and the quality of life score. Results: The maximum cystometric capacity and the electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles increased significantly and the number of voids/day and incontinence episodes/day, and the amount of urine leakage reduced significantly ( P < 0.05) in both physiotherapy and combined therapy groups while there was no significant difference in the pharmacotherapy group. After treatment, the number of voids/day increased by 0.3 ± 3.4 in the pharmacotherapy group ( P > 0.05) and decreased by 5.1 ± 5.5 and 4.7 ± 5.6 in the physiotherapy and combined therapy groups, respectively ( P < 0.05). Statistically significant improvements were observed in all groups according to the number of voids/night and the quality of life scores at the end of the treatment. Conclusion: The physiotherapy protocol we introduced in the present study with or without anticholinergic therapy has a substantial positive impact on the treatment of female patients with idiopathic detrusor overactivity.
Extra-articular Mimickers of Lateral Meniscal Tears
Authors: Barker Joseph U. , Strauss Eric J. , Lodha Sameer , Bach Bernard R. 
Published: October 2010

Context: Lateral meniscus tears are a common entity seen in sports medicine. Although lateral-side knee pain is often the result of a meniscus injury, several extra-articular pathologies share signs and symptoms with a meniscus tear. It is critical for the clinician to be able to identify and understand extra-articular pathologies that can present similar to a lateral meniscus tear. Evidence Acquisition: Data were collected through a thorough review of the literature conducted through a MEDLINE search for all relevant articles between 1980 and February 2010. Study Type: Clinical review. Results: Common extra-articular pathologies that can mimic lateral meniscal tears include iliotibial band syndrome, proximal tibiofibular joint instability, snapping biceps femoris or popliteus tendons, and peroneal nerve compression syndrome or neuritis. The patient history, physical examination features, and radiographic findings can be used to separate these entities from the more common intra-articular knee pathologies. Conclusions: In treating patients who present with lateral-sided knee pain, clinicians should be able to recognize and treat extra-articular pathologies that can present in a similar fashion as lateral meniscus tears.
CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine signaling is essential for NK-cell development in adult mice
Authors: Noda Mamiko , Omatsu Yoshiki , Sugiyama Tatsuki , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Nagasawa Takashi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are granular lymphocytes that are generated from hematopoietic stem cells and play vital roles in the innate immune response against tumors and viral infection. Generation of NK cells is known to require several cytokines, including interleukin-15 (IL-15) and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, but not IL-2 or IL-7. Here we investigated the in vivo role of CXC chemokine ligand-12 (CXCL12) and its primary receptor CXCR4 in NK-cell development. The numbers of NK cells appeared normal in embryos lacking CXCL12 or CXCR4; however, the numbers of functional NK cells were severely reduced in the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood from adult CXCR4 conditionally deficient mice compared with control animals, probably resulting from cell-intrinsic CXCR4 deficiency. In culture, CXCL12 enhanced the generation of NK cells from lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors and immature NK cells. In the bone marrow, expression of IL-15 mRNA was considerably higher in CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells than in other marrow cells, and most NK cells were in contact with the processes of CAR cells. Thus, CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine signaling is essential for NK-cell development in adults, and CAR cells might function as a niche for NK cells in bone marrow.
Thrombospondin-1 is not the major activator of TGF-β1 in thrombopoietin-induced myelofibrosis
Authors: Evrard Solène , Bluteau Olivier , Tulliez Micheline , Rameau Philippe , Gonin Patrick , Zetterberg Eva , Palmblad Jan , Bonnefoy Arnaud , Villeval Jean-Luc , Vainchenker William , Giraudier Stéphane , Wagner-Ballon Orianne 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is the most important cytokine involved in the promotion of myelofibrosis. Mechanisms leading to its local activation in the bone marrow environment remain unclear. As a recent study has highlighted the role of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in platelet-derived TGF-β1 activation, we investigated the role of TSP-1 in the TPOhigh murine model of myelofibrosis. Two groups of engrafted mice, WT TPOhigh and Tsp-1–null TPOhigh, were constituted. All mice developed a similar myeloproliferative syndrome and an increase in total TGF-β1 levels in the plasma and in extracellular fluids of marrow and spleen. Surprisingly, we were able to detect the active form of TGF-β1 in Tsp-1–null TPOhigh mice. Accordingly, these mice developed marrow and spleen fibrosis, with intriguingly a higher grade than in WT TPOhigh mice. Our results show that TSP-1 is not the major activator of TGF-β1 in TPO-induced myelofibrosis, suggesting the contribution of another mechanism in the megakaryocyte/platelet compartment.
An essential role for Ran GTPase in epithelial ovarian cancer cell survival
Authors: Barrès Véronique , Ouellet Véronique , Lafontaine Julie , Tonin Patricia N , Provencher Diane M , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
We previously identified that Ran protein, a member of the Ras GTPase family, is highly expressed in high grade and high stage serous epithelial ovarian cancers, and that its overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis. Ran is known to contribute to both nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle progression, but its role in ovarian cancer is not well defined.

Results
Using a lentivirus-based tetracycline-inducible shRNA approach, we show that downregulation of Ran expression in aggressive ovarian cancer cell lines affects cellular proliferation by inducing a caspase-3 associated apoptosis. Using a xenograft tumor assay, we demonstrate that depletion of Ran results in decreased tumorigenesis, and eventual tumor formation is associated with tumor cells that express Ran protein.

Conclusion
Our results suggest a role for Ran in ovarian cancer cell survival and tumorigenicity and suggest that this critical GTPase may be suitable as a therapeutic target.
Psychosocial stress and strategies for managing adversity: measuring population resilience in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Taylor Melanie , Barr Margo , Stevens Garry , Bryson-Taylor Donald , Agho Kingsley , Jacobs Jennifer , Raphael Beverley 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Background
Populations around the world are facing an increasing number of adversities such as the global financial crisis, terrorism, conflict, and climate change. The aim of this paper was to investigate self-reported strategies and sources of support used to get through "tough times" in an Australian context and to identify patterns of response in the general population and differences in potentially vulnerable subgroups.

Methods
Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of the New South Wales population in Australia. The final sample consisted of 3,995 New South Wales residents aged 16 years and above who responded to the question: "What are the things that get you through tough times?"

Results
Respondents provided brief comments that were coded into 14 main subject-area categories. The most frequently reported responses were family and self (52%); friends and neighbors (21%); use of positive emotional and philosophical strategies (17%), such as sense of humor, determination, and the belief that things would get better; and religious beliefs (11%). The responses of four population subgroups were compared, based on gender, household income, level of psychological distress, and whether a language other than English was spoken at home. Women reported greater use of friends and neighbors and religious or spiritual beliefs for support, whereas men reported greater use of drinking/smoking and financial supports. Those with lower incomes reported greater reliance on positive emotional and philosophical strategies and on religious or spiritual beliefs. Those with high levels of psychological distress reported greater use of leisure interests and hobbies, drinking/smoking, and less use of positive lifestyle strategies, such as adequate sleep, relaxation, or work/life balance. Those who spoke a language other than English at home were less likely to report relying on self or others (family/friends) or positive emotional and philosophical strategies to get through tough times.

Conclusions
Understanding strategies and sources of support used by the population to get through adversity is the first step toward identifying the best approaches to build and support strengths and reduce vulnerabilities. It is also possible to reflect on how large-scale threats such as pandemics, disasters, conflict, bereavement, and loss could impact individual and population resilience.
Adrenomedullin increases fibroblast-like synoviocyte adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins by upregulating integrin activation
Authors: Ah Kioon Marie-Dominique , Asensio Carine , Ea Hang-Korng , Uzan Benjamin , Cohen-Solal Martine , Lioté Frédéric 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by bone and cartilage invasion by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs). Adrenomedullin, a peptide with anabolic and antiapoptotic properties, is secreted by rheumatoid FLSs. Adrenomedullin also increases the expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells and keratinocytes. Here, we investigated whether adrenomedullin mediated FLS adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins.

Methods
FLSs were isolated from synovial tissues from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Plates were coated overnight with the ECM proteins vitronectin, fibronectin, and type I collagen (Coll.I). Adrenomedullin was used as a soluble FLS ligand before plating. We tested interactions with the adrenomedullin receptor antagonist (22-52)adrenomedullin and with the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89, and inhibition of co-receptor RAMP-2 by siRNA. Cell adhesion was measured by using color densitometry. Activation of α2 and β1 integrins was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy; integrin inhibition, by RGD peptides; and the talin-integrin interaction, by immunoprecipitation (IP).

Results
Adrenomedullin specifically increased RA-FLS adhesion to vitronectin, fibronectin, and Coll.I; no such effect was found for OA-FLS adhesion. Basal or adrenomedullin-stimulated RA-FLS adhesion was inhibited by (22-52)adrenomedullin, H-89, and RAMP-2 siRNA. Adrenomedullin-stimulated adhesion was inhibited by RGD peptides, and associated with α2 and β1 integrin activation. This activation was shown with IP to be related to an integrin-talin interaction and was significantly decreased by (22-52)adrenomedullin.

Conclusions
Adrenomedullin-stimulated RA-FLS adhesion was specific for ECM proteins and mediated by α2 and β1 integrins. This effect of adrenomedullin was dependent on adrenomedullin receptors. These results support a new role for adrenomedullin in rheumatoid synovial fibroblast pathobiology.