bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine Structure of Corpora Lutea in Superovulated Heifers
Authors: Maciel M. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. , Gustafsson H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to determine the degree of development and structural status of perfusion‐fixed day‐7 corpora luteae (CL) (using qualitative and quantitative histology at light and electron microscopy levels) in FSH‐induced superovulated (SO) and untreated heifers. Blood samples were collected daily to monitor the plasma progesterone levels during the FSH treatment up to slaughter 7 days after oestrus. Meanwhile the ovarian activity was followed by ultrasonography and rectal palpation. At slaughter, the ovaries were fixed by vascular perfusion to avoid distortion of the structures and conventionally processed for electron microscopy. The volume density of the luteal tissue was calculated on the examined sections by point‐counting. The histology of the corpora lutea, exception made of a higher incidence of degenerated luteal and endothelial cells in the superovulated animals, did not differ from that of the untreated animals, confirming their normal development. The mean weight and volume of the CL in SO animals was 50% smaller than that of the untreated heifers. The progesterone concentration (nmol/l) at day 7 was significantly positively correlated with the number of CLs/heifer (r = 0.93, P < 0.01), with the weight of Cls/heifer (r = 0.97, P < 0.005) and with the volume of CLs/heifer (r = 0.97, P < 0.005). The results indicated that there were no morphological differences, in terms of histological structure and volume density, between the luteal tissue of SO heifers and the luteal tissue of non‐SO heifers on day 7 of the oestrous cycle which could interfere with its endocrine function.
Changes in Osmotic Resistance of Erythrocytes of Cattle, Pigs, Rats and Rabbits During Variation in Temperature and pH
Authors: Oyewale J.O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe osmotic resistance of cattle, pig, rat and rabbit erythrocytes was determined at different temperatures and pH. At constant pH of 7.7, the resistance of erythrocytes of all these species increased as the temperature increased. However, at constant temperature of 29 °C, the resistance of the erythrocytes decreased in acidic solution and increased in alkaline solution.
Das ionisierte Calcium im Blut des Haushuhnes: Abhängigkeit vom Legezyklus
Authors: Kölling K. , Hofmeier A. , Merkenschlager M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIonized Calcium in Blood of Domestic Fowl: Dependence on Ovulatory CycleIn the present study the plasma concentration of both ionized and total calcium in arterial as well as in venous blood of Leghorn hens and its dependence on the ovulatory cycle were investigated.During the ovulatory cycle, the concentration of ionized calcium in blood of hens follows the course of a sine curve. Maximum calcium ion concentrations (1.58 mmol/l in venous blood and 1.48 mmol/l in arterial blood, respectively) were observed 3 to 6 hours after oviposition, and minimum concentrations (1.26 and 1.19 mmol/l, respectively) at 18 to 21 hours after oviposition. Changes in total and ionized calcium concentration went parallel. Six to 9 hours after oviposition maximum values (4.24 and 4.15 mmol/l respectively) and 21 to 24 hours after oviposition minimum values (3.25 and 2.99 mmol/l, respectively) were measured. The arterio‐venous difference was −0.22 mmol/l on average.ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Verhalten des ionisierten Calciums und das Gesamtcalciums im arteriellen und venösen Blut des Haushuhns (Leghorn) in Abhängigkeit vom Legezyklus untersucht.Die Konzentration des ionisierten Calciums im Blut der Hennen folgte während des Legezyklus dem Verlauf einer Sinuskurve. Maxima (1,58 mmol/l im venösen bzw. 1,48 mmol/l im arteriellen Blut) wurden 3–6 Stunden nach der Eiablage und Minima (1,26 bzw. 1,19 mmol/l) 18–21 Stunden nach der Eiablage beobachtet. Der Gesamtcalciumspiegel veränderte sich etwa parallel zu der Konzentration des ionisierten Calciums. 6–9 Stunden nach der Eiablage erreichte er die höchsten Werte (4,24 bzw. 4,15 mmol/l) und 21–24 Stunden nach der Eiablage die niedrigsten (3,25 bzw. 2,99 mmol/l). Die arteriovenöse Differenz betrug durchschnittlich −0,22 mmol/l.
Villous Hypoplasia of the Small Intestine in Neonatal Foals
Authors: Oikawa M. , Kaneko M. , Yoshikawa T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo elucidate the pathomorphogenesis of extremely shortened small‐intestinal villi, occurring spontaneously in neonatal foals, the morphology of the small intestine with stunted villi was studied in eight cases. All intestinal wall elements and the villi were poorly developed. Most villi were found to be extremely short throughout the entire length of the small intestine. The villous core consisted of undifferentiated, fibroblast‐like cells held loosely together by ground substance which was rich in glycosaminoglycan. Development of the villous lamina propria was poor with respect to capillaries, lymphatic vessels, connective tissues and smooth muscle cells. When compared with the structure of small‐intestinal villi in age‐matched foals as controls, it appeared that the histological structure of the stunted villous interstitium had remained at the immature state observable during the intrauterine period. Hypoplasia of the intestinal villi was assumed to reduce the functional surface area available for absorption of colostrum, causing malabsorption in newborn foals.
Establishment of a Pneumococcal Septicemia Model in the Miniature Swine*
Authors: Izbicki J.R. , Raedler C. , Ruckdeschel G. , Lütticken R. , Wilker D.K. , Siebeck M. , Dornschneider G. , Sklarek J. , Schweiberer L. , Ziegler‐Heitbrock H.W.L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHuman pneumococcal septicemia, the prominent postsplenectomy complication, was as yet difficult to study in the porcine model, since this species appeared to be fairly resistant against pneumococcal infections. We have used two strains of pneumococci (serotype 1 and 6B) both of which had been isolated from patients with systemic infection and both of which were maintained in a virulent state by regular mouse passage. After challenge with 109 type 1 pneumococci, however, only one of the 5 pigs developed fever, none showed profound hematological alterations and each animal exhibited a rapid clearance of bacteria from peripheral blood. By contrast, challenge of 7 animals with type 6B pneumococci resulted in a slower and incomplete bacterial clearance with persistent bacteremia for up to 24 hours. All animals developed fever and a profound leukopenia with less than 5,000 leukocytes/ml and 3 of the 7 animals died after injection of type 6B pneumococci.The results show that potentially the type 6B pneumococci can be successfully employed for studies of grampositive septicemia in the miniature swine.
GABA Receptor‐Mediated Modification of Reticulo‐Ruminal Myoelectrical Activity in Sheep
Authors: Brikas P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe involvement of central and peripheral GABA receptors in the control of the forestomach periodic motor activity was examined in five conscious ewes at rest, chronically fitted with electrodes implanted in the reticular and ruminal wall and a cannula placed in a cerebral lateral ventricle. Intravenous (IV) administration of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (5–50 μg/kg) did not affect reticulo‐ruminal myoelectrical activity, while its intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection (0.05–0.10 μg/kg) dose‐dependently increased the frequency of reticular and ruminal motor cycles and provoked rumination in 11 trials out of 15. Forestomach responses to ICV muscimol were abolished by a previous ICV treatment of the animals with the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (0.5–4 μg/kg), which did not in itself influence reticular or ruminal motility. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen, given either IV (300–800 μg/kg) or ICV (1–3 μg/kg), inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner both reticular and ruminal activity, with the effects of its ICV administration appearing earlier and lasting longer. The GABAB receptor blocker baclofen given ICV alone (50–300 μg/kg) was ineffective, but such a treatment before IV or ICV administration of baclofen in part antagonized the inhibition of the forestomach myoelectrical cyclic activity. These pharmacological data suggest a possible excitatory role of strictly central GABAA and an inhibitory one of mainly central GABAB receptors in the regulation of reticulo‐ruminal extrinsic motility in sheep. In this regulation, however, a probable peripheral component of inhibitory GABAB receptors should not be excluded.
The Effect of Additional Feeding on the Fertility of High‐yielding Dairy Cows
Authors: Pehrson B. , Forshell K. Plym , Carlsson J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOne hundred and ninety three pairs of cows were selected from 38 herds, and the numbers of each pair were assigned at random to experimental and control groups. Each control cow was fed according to its yield with the feedstuffs normally used by the herd. Each experimental cow was fed in the same way and, in addition, received 500 g of a feed additive twice daily from the 40th day of lactation until first insemination or to the 75th day of lactation if no visible oestrus had been observed between days 40 and 75. One kg of the feed additive contained glucogenic substances (glycerol and Ca‐propionate) equivalent to 1.90 moles of glucose, 13.6 MJ metabolizable energy, and 180 g digestible crude protein.There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to their mean daily milk yield, their plasma glucose concentrations at first insemination, or the interval between calving and first insemination. However, the experimental cows had a significantly shorter interval between calving and last insemination (mean difference 11.0 days).The pregnancy rate was significantly higher among cows with high than among cows with low plasma glucose concentrations. There was also a tendency towards a reduced pregnancy rate among cows with either high (> 7.0 mmol/litre) or low (< 4.0 mmol/litre) milk urea concentrations.
Comparison of Staple and Gambee Techniques for Enterotomy Closure in the Normal Bovine Jejunum*
Authors: Steiner A. , Waldvogel A. , Wicki P. , Schwalbach B. , Lang M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo suturing techniques for closure of jejunal enterotomies — the stapling and the Gambee technique — were compared in 7 bulls. Stapling was less time consuming (P < 0.0001) and reduced the overall duration of surgery by 15%. Furthermore, the lumen diameter was significantly less decreased in the stapled intestine at 8 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05). The diameter of the intestine increased significantly between 8 and 13 weeks after the Gambee suture had been applied (P < 0.05) and the difference in diameter between intestines sutured according to Gambee and the stapled intestines disappeared. The intestinal diameter did not change significantly between 13 and 18 weeks in both techniques. The application of Gambee sutures resulted in fewer adhesions (P < 0.01) and less thickening of the intestinal wall (P < 0.0001). The surgery did not seem to affect the performance of the bulls significantly.
Influence of Hypertonic Saline Solution 7.2% on Different Hematological Parameters in Awake and Anaesthetized Ponies
Authors: Gasthuys F. , Messeman C. , Moor A. De 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe influence of hypertonic NaCl 7.2 % infusion (4 ml/kg of body weight [BWT]) on plasma (PV) and blood (BV) volumes, sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), potassium (K) plasma concentrations, osmolality (Osm), total protein content (TP), packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell count (RBC) was studied in five standing and anaesthetized ponies (standard halothane anaesthesia). Arterial blood gases were followed in the anaesthetized ponies. Isotonic NaCl 0.9% (4 ml/kg of BWT) was used as a placebo in the standing ponies.Isotonic solution in the standing ponies induced few changes: only small decreases in K, TP, PCV and RBC were observed. Na, Cl and Osm increased significantly after the NaCl 7.2 % infusions in the standing and anaesthetized ponies. Significant decreases in PCV, RBC and TP after the administration of hypertonic solutions were determined and were in both groups clear indications of an occurring hemodilution although no significant increase in PV and BV could be demonstrated. An increase in diuresis characterized by numerous micturations was observed in the standing ponies and during the recovery period after anaesthesia. Apparently, the occurring fluid shift towards the intravascular compartment was partly compensated by an increase in diuresis. The decreases in PCV, RBC and TP were less severe in the anaesthetized ponies compared to the changes observed in the standing ponies. Stress responses during anaesthesia might explain this finding. K increased abnormally at the end of anaesthesia, probably due to minimal muscle damage induced by the dorsal recumbent position. Arterial blood gases did not change after the administration of NaCl 7.2 % solution during anaesthesia.No specific clinical side‐effects related to the use of hypertonic solution could be observed in the standing and anaesthetized ponies.Further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of hypertonic NaCl solution in horses with a disturbed fluid balance (hypovolemia).
The Metabolism and Urinary Excretion of Orotic Acid in Hyperargininaemic Sheep
Authors: Motyl T. , Siwecka Barbara , Kukulska Wanda , Orzechowski A. , Podgurniak Malgorzata 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe synthesis, blood plasma turnover and urinary excretion of the orotic acid in normo‐ and hyperargininaemic sheep was investigated. The whole‐body orotate formation was evaluated indirectly by the measurement of urinary orotate excretion after blockage of pyrimidine pathway with 6‐azauridine (4 hour i. v. infusion of 0.2 mg · kg−1 · min−1). Simultaneous infusion of L‐arginine (2.5 μmol · kg−1 · min−1) significantly elevated the blood plasma arginine, ornithine and urea level, however, it did not significantly influence urinary orotate excretion. In normoargininaemia blood plasma turnover of exogenous orotic acid amounted to 4.9 min and 67% of this compound was eliminated through the kidneys. The renal clearance of orotic acid amounted to 21.7ml · min−1 · kg−0.75. Hyperargininaemia elevated blood plasma turnover to 8.2 min, and diminished the renal clearance of this metabolite to 13.7ml · min−1 · kg−0.75. These results indicate that hyperargininaemia and hyperornithinaemia do not change the whole body synthesis of orotic acid in sheep but they can affect renal excretion of this metabolite, particularly at the rate of tubular secretion close to saturation.
Immunohistochemistry with Keratin and Smooth Muscle Actin Monoclonal Antibodies in Canine Digestive Tract and Extramural Glands
Authors: Vos J.H. , Ingh T.S.G.A.M. van den , Neijs M. de , Mil F.N. van , Ivanyi D. , Ramaekers F.C.S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe canine digestive system and its extramural glands (parotid gland, liver, pancreas) were immunohistochemically studied using a panel of twelve monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) specific for human keratin proteins and for α‐smooth muscle actin. Various epithelial tissues and cells were characterized by different keratin staining patterns. So, the epithelial lining of the upper alimentary tract was characterized by staining with the MoAb 6B10, specific for keratin‐type (K) 4, and the absence of staining with the MoAbs directed against K8 and 18 (CAM 5.2 and RGE 53, DE‐K18 respectively), whereas the lower alimentary tract epithelium was not labeled by 6B10, but stained by the latter MoAbs. In the salivary glands the luminal and basal cells of the adenomeres as well as the different ductal structures could be immunohistochemically differentiated. The duct epithelium in liver and pancreas showed next to keratin staining characteristics in common with hepatocytes and exocrine pancreatic cells, additional staining by several keratin MoAbs. The keratin staining patterns in the canine tissues showed, in addition to similarities also distinct discrepancies when compared to the staining patterns in corresponding human tissues. Myoepithelial cells in salivary and oesophageal glands could be differentiated from other basally located epithelial cells by their exclusive immunoreactivity for α‐smooth muscle actin. Canine pancreatic endocrine cells were not labeled by any of the keratin MoAbs. It is concluded that immunohistochemistry with polypeptide specific MoAbs specific for human keratin‐types can be used to differentiate between different types of canine epithelial tissues and epithelial cells in the digestive tract. As a result such reagents may find their application in developmental biology and pathology of this species.
Effect of Operation Theatre Environment on Laparotomy Wound Infection in Bovines
Authors: Saini N.S. , Sharma S.N. , Oberoi M.S. , Roy K.S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryRight flank laparotomies were performed on five clinically healthy cross‐bred calves. A significant (P < 0.05) increase of 22.1 and 2.7 times in bacterial count in subcutaneous tissue and incised skin edges, respectively, and a non‐significant increase (1.1 times) in muscles and peritoneum had occurred during 15 minutes exposure to the operation theatre environment. Poly‐morphonuclear cells and Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacterial infiltration was also demonstrated histopathologically in muscles and peritoneum. Organisms isolated from operation theatre air were Staphylococcus aureus, other Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., and yeast. Usually similar organisms were also found on the laparotomy wound, just before closure of abdomen. Operation theatre environment is concluded to be a significant source of operative wound contamination. Provision of separate operation theatres for different types of surgery in different species is recommended and the necessity for their regular disinfection is stressed.
Teat Reactions in Cows Associated With Machine Milking*
Authors: Isaksson A. , Lind O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn the present investigations, referring to conventional milking machines and conventional milking technique, teat ends were transversally compressed for a short moment by means of a cutimeter before, during and after milking (main series), or before and after milking (additional series). The thickness of the teat ends between the jaw plates of the instrument decreased during the high flowrate phase, increased during the low flowrate and overmilking phases, and started decreasing as soon as milking was finished. The decreased values in the beginning of the milking process reflect the thinning of the teat wall following the vacuum‐induced teat elongation that occurs when the teatcups are attached. The subsequent increased values are due to active, i.e., functionally significant hyperaemia in the teat wall, especially in the specific teat venous system, and locally elevated vascular pressure. Both the thinning and the thickening seem to occur within physiologically tolerable limits. The diagnosis, proposed in the literature, of teat congestion (passive hyperaemia) and/or oedema involving risks of impaired teat and udder health has no support in our investigations.
Instrumentation for Simultaneous Recording of Compound Muscle Action Potentials and Related Force in the Dog
Authors: Wiestner Th. , Hogg H.P. , Heckmann R. , Waxenberger M.K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn examination apparatus for the study of both compound muscle action potentials and related isometric force of the target muscle after supramaximum electrical stimulation of the respective nerve is described. Force transducers were used to record forces from the forelimb paws and the jaws of the dog. The unit is suitable for the clinical examination of neuromuscular transmission disturbances and for testing the effect of relaxant agents.
Neuromuscular Transmission Studies in the Healthy Dog: EMG and Muscle Force Measurement after Repetitive Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Waxenberger M.K. , Heckmann R. , Wiestner Th. , Hogg H.P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryIn 10 healthy anaesthetized female dogs the ulnar and the mandibular nerve were stimulated supramaximally by repetitive electric impules according to a fixed programme. To evaluate the neuromuscular transmission system the course of the evoked compound muscle action potential and the near‐isometric force of forelimb and masticatory muscles were studied respectively. The presented results are comparable to values obtained from small hand muscles of conscious, healthy human subjects. The simultaneous measurement of both the electrical and the force response may improve the diagnostic accuracy of the examination in presumed neuromuscular transmission failure in the dog, as it does in humans.
Influence of Duration of Simulated Transport on Plasma Stress Markers in the Calf*
Authors: Sartorelli P. , Dominoni S. , Agnes F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe effects of simulated transport of calves for 150 min on plasma cortisol, NEFA, glucose, and calcium were evaluated. Both cortisol and NEFA reached maximal values within 30–60 min, with no further increases during the transportation. Changes in glucose and calcium were not significant.The results indicate that in simulated transport, the durationper seis not a crucial factor in transport stress.
Diagnostische Aussagefähigkeit biochemischer und zytologischer Parameter in der Lungenspülflüssigkeit gesunder und pneumoniekranker Kälber
Authors: Reinhold P. , Müller G. , Kreutzer B. , Gerischer A. , Putsche R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Diagnostic Potential of Biochemical and Cytological Parameters of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Healthy and Pneumonic CalvesBronchoalveolar lavage fluid (LF) was obtained from cranial as well as from caudal regions of the bovine lung in healthy and pneumonic calves. LF was investigated biochemically, cytologically, and bacteriologically. In healthy lungs free of pneumonic lesions, no differences due to the different parts of the lung were established. An increase in both protein content and number of cells and a marked influx of neutrophiles were found to be the most important alterations caused by pneumonic lesions. The diagnostic potential of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and the size of alveolar macrophages in LF was validated.ZusammenfassungBronchoalveoläre Lavageflüssigkeit aus kaudalen und kranialen Lungenbezirken gesunder und pneumoniekranker Kälber wurde biochemisch, zytologisch und bakteriologisch untersucht. Bei pathologisch‐anatomisch unveränderten Lungen wurden keine physiologisch bedingten Unterschiede zwischen den Spülproben aus verschiedenen Lungenbezirken gefunden. Die auffälligsten Veränderungen im Zusammenhang mit pneumonischen Erscheinungen waren: Anstieg des Gesamteiweißgehaltes, Erhöhung der Zellkonzentration, Verschiebungen im Differentialzellbild zugunsten der neutrophilen Granulozyten. Die Aussagekraft weiterer Prüfgrößen, wie Aktivität der Laktatdehydrogenase, Aktivität der Alkalischen Phosphatase, Größe der Alveolarmakrophagen, wurde validiert.