bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health and Social Functioning of Adults With Intellectual Disability and Autism
Authors: Underwood Lisa , McCarthy Jane , Tsakanikos Elias , Howlin Patricia , Bouras Nick , Craig Tom K. J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThere is little information on the mental health needs of adults with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Such evidence is much needed for the development of more effective mental health services for this group. The aim of this study is to compare adults with ID and ASD receiving specialist mental health services with participants without ASD. Data were collected from the anonymized case records of a clinic‐based population in South East London. Health and social functioning were measured using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scale for people with Learning Disability (HoNOS‐LD). A review of case records identified 371 service users in receipt of specialist mental health care who were eligible for the study. There were 117 people (32% of the sample) with a clinical diagnosis of ID and ASD. Participants with ASD were younger, more likely to be male, less likely to live independently and had more severe ID than those without ASD. Furthermore, those with ID and ASD were less likely to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder but had significantly higher scores on the HoNOS‐LD (indicating lower health and social functioning) than those without ASD. A significant proportion of adults with ID who are in receipt of specialist mental health services also have a clinical diagnosis of ASD. This group has different mental health needs compared with those without ASD. The authors note the need for a more personalized approach to service delivery with a focus on improving social functioning and behavioral impairments.
Unmet Healthcare and Social Services Needs of Older Canadian Adults With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Shooshtari Shahin , Naghipur Saba , Zhang Jin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe authors sought to create a demographic, socioeconomic, and health‐related profile of older (40+) Canadian adults with developmental disabilities (DD) residing in their communities, and to enhance current knowledge of their unmet health and social support services needs. They provide a secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data from the 2001 and 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Surveys (PALS). The study population comprised PALS respondents who: (a) were at least 40 years of age at the time of the survey and (b) were reported having a DD. Weighted data were used to describe and compare the profiles of the study population and the comparison group (PALS respondents age 40+ with other types of disability), and to estimate the prevalence of reported unmet healthcare and social support services needs. Logistic regression analyses determined the extent to which these needs affected the target population's overall health status. The data revealed that an estimated 136,570 Canadians age 15+ reported having a DD in 2006. Of these, 66,560 (48.7%) were at least 40 years of age. An estimated 47.7% of this population rated their overall health status as either fair or poor. The prevalence of reported unmet healthcare and social services needs decreased between 2001 and 2006 for both study groups, but it was still much higher for older individuals with DD than for the comparison group in 2001 and 2006. Controlling for the effects of all the other factors, the authors found that reported unmet needs did not significantly affect respondents' overall health status. The authors concluded that compared to Canadians with other types of disability, those with DD were more likely to report unmet healthcare and social support services needs. Further research is needed to explore policies and programs which support the healthy and active aging of this population.
Energy distribution patterns in Australia and its relationship to age, gender and body mass index among children and adults
Authors: FAYET Flavia , MORTENSEN Andrea , BAGHURST Katrine 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim:  To assess daily energy distribution among Australians, provide evidence on the relative importance of eating occasions to energy intake and its relationship to age, gender and body mass index.Methods:  Dietary data collected via 24‐hour recalls during the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (n = 10 851 adults) and the 2007 National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (4837 = children) were analysed. Percentage of total energy intake was tabulated according to time, eating occasions, body mass index, age and gender.Results:  The Australians consumed three main meals and two to three snacks, with the highest energy intake at ‘dinner’. Among children, ‘breakfast’ accounted for 15% of the energy, ‘lunch’ 19%, ‘dinner’ 30% and ‘snacks’ 35%. For adults, energy from ‘breakfast’ was 14%, ‘lunch’ 21%, ‘dinner’ 37% and ‘snacks’ 28%. Younger children and older adults consumed a lower per cent energy during the later part of the day. No difference in energy distribution was observed by gender. No difference in body mass index was observed for children and inconsistent differences were seen for adults.Conclusion:  A high proportion of energy was consumed at ‘dinner’, but snacks were also an important source of energy intake. A variety of energy distribution patterns appear to be moderated by age. Older children consumed significantly less at breakfast and more snacks than younger children. In contrast, older adults consumed more energy at breakfast and less as snacks compared with younger adults. The findings indicate some key messages for informing primary prevention strategies among specific age groups including the need to attain a more even distribution of energy throughout the day.
Fast Determination of Royal Jelly Freshness by a Chromogenic Reaction
Authors: Zheng Huo‐Qing , Wei Wen‐Ting , Wu Li‐Ming , Hu Fu‐Liang , Dietemann Vincent 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  Royal jelly is one of the most important products of honeybees. Given its role in development of bee brood into fertile individuals of the royal caste it is also used in health products for human consumption. Royal jelly spoils and loses its health‐promoting properties depending on storage duration and conditions. To ensure product quality before selling, it is therefore necessary to assess royal jelly freshness. Many indexes of freshness have been suggested, but they all lack reliability or require complex and time‐consuming analyses. Here we describe a method to detect royal jelly freshness based on a chromogenic reaction between royal jelly and HCl. We demonstrate that analyses based on color parameters allow for the discrimination of royal jelly samples based on the duration of their storage. Color parameters of royal jelly stored at −18 and 4 °C for 28 d remained comparable to that of fresh samples, which supports the reliability of the method. The method of freshness determination described is practical, cheap, and fast and can thus be used in real‐time when trading royal jelly.Practical Application:  The method developed can be used to assess royal jelly freshness. It is practical, cheap, and fast and can thus be used in real‐time when trading royal jelly.
Isolation and Identification of an Exopolysaccharide‐Producing Lactic Acid Bacterium Strain from Chinese Paocai and Biosorption of Pb(II) by Its Exopolysaccharide
Authors: Feng Meiqin , Chen Xiaohong , Li Chengcheng , Nurgul Rahman , Dong Mingsheng 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  Lactic acid bacteria isolated from various traditional Chinese fermented foods were screened for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS). The strain 70810 from Chinese Paocai, which was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum (HQ259238) by morphological, physiological, biochemical, and 16S rDNA tests, was selected due to its highest EPS production capability (0.859 g/L) for further study. Biosorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions by 70810 EPS was studied with parameters of initial pH, contact time, initial Pb(II) concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature, respectively. Maximum adsorption of Pb(II) was observed at pH 5, 30 °C, and 6 h, respectively. The adsorption capacity was also found to be dependent upon initial Pb(II) concentration and adsorbent dosage. Surface adsorption of the metal at surface of 70810 EPS was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra analysis indicated that some functional groups (for example, –OH, COO–, C=O, and –NH) of 70810 EPS were involved in Pb(II) biosorption process.Practical Application:  Lactobacillus plantarum 70810 can be used as a starter culture for the production of some fermented foods (for example, yoghurt or fermented soybean milk) and the production of EPS that can meet consumer′s demand for products with low levels of additives. The EPS may be used as a potential biosorbent for the removal of heavy metal from environment and these fermented foods maybe have the potential effect to excrete lead from human body.
HEGEL'S LEGACY
Authors: ZAMBRANA ROCÍO 
Published: June 2012

abstractAnswering the challenge of G. W. F. Hegel's idealism and its perceived logocentrism has arguably been a defining feature of nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century continental philosophy. Today, in the midst of a Hegel renaissance, Hegel's legacy within continental philosophy is far more ambivalent. In this essay, I cut across debates about the status of Hegel's idealism in order to offer a reflection on the legacy of Hegel by reconstructing a Hegelian notion of legacy. I develop this notion in response to Jacques Derrida's discussion of inheritance in Specters of Marx (1993). Both Hegel and Derrida articulate the structure of legacy, inheritance, and history on the basis of the strictures of gathering. For both, gathering is an act of memory that determines a legacy as a legacy, a history as a history. Gathering determines an event, norm, idea, or institution as something to be passed on for a future to come. While Derrida concludes that inheritance implies decision, Hegel's recollection provides the basis for what I will call a critical history, which contributes to any such decision in crucial ways.
Development of Anti-Infectives Using Phage Display: Biological Agents against Bacteria, Viruses, and Parasites
Authors: Huang Johnny X. , Bishop-Hurley Sharon L. , Cooper Matthew A. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
The vast majority of anti-infective therapeutics on the market or in development are small molecules; however, there is now a nascent pipeline of biological agents in development. Until recently, phage display technologies were used mainly to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeted against cancer or inflammatory disease targets. Patent disputes impeded broad use of these methods and contributed to the dearth of candidates in the clinic during the 1990s. Today, however, phage display is recognized as a powerful tool for selecting novel peptides and antibodies that can bind to a wide range of antigens, ranging from whole cells to proteins and lipid targets. In this review, we highlight research that exploits phage display technology as a means of discovering novel therapeutics against infectious diseases, with a focus on antimicrobial peptides and antibodies in clinical or preclinical development. We discuss the different strategies and methods used to derive, select, and develop anti-infectives from phage display libraries and then highlight case studies of drug candidates in the process of development and commercialization. Advances in screening, manufacturing, and humanization technologies now mean that phage display can make a significant contribution in the fight against clinically important pathogens.
Panel of Prototypical Recombinant Infectious Molecular Clones Resistant to Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Etravirine, and Rilpivirine
Authors: Balamane Maya , Varghese Vici , Melikian George L. , Fessel W. Jeffrey , Katzenstein David A. , Shafer Robert W. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT
We created a panel of 10 representative multi-nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistant recombinant infectious molecular HIV-1 clones to assist researchers studying NNRTI resistance or developing novel NNRTIs. The cloned viruses contain most of the major NNRTI resistance mutations and most of the significantly associated mutation pairs that we identified in two network analyses. Each virus in the panel has intermediate- or high-level resistance to all or three of the four most commonly used NNRTIs.
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the LEDGF/p75 Binding Site of Integrase Block HIV Replication and Modulate Integrase Multimerization
Authors: Christ Frauke , Shaw Stephen , Demeulemeester Jonas , Desimmie Belete A. , Marchand Arnaud , Butler Scott , Smets Wim , Chaltin Patrick , Westby Mike , Debyser Zeger , Pickford Chris 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTTargeting the HIV integrase (HIV IN) is a clinically validated approach for designing novel anti-HIV therapies. We have previously described the discovery of a novel class of integration inhibitors, 2-(quinolin-3-yl)acetic acid derivatives, blocking HIV replication at a low micromolar concentration through binding in the LEDGF/p75 binding pocket of HIV integrase, hence referred to as LEDGINs. Here we report the detailed characterization of their mode of action. The design of novel and more potent analogues with nanomolar activity enabled full virological evaluation and a profound mechanistic study. As allosteric inhibitors, LEDGINs bind to the LEDGF/p75 binding pocket in integrase, thereby blocking the interaction with LEDGF/p75 and interfering indirectly with the catalytic activity of integrase. Detailed mechanism-of-action studies reveal that the allosteric mode of inhibition is likely caused by an effect on HIV-1 integrase oligomerization. The multimodal inhibition by LEDGINs results in a block in HIV integration and in a replication deficiency of progeny virus. The allosteric nature of LEDGINs leads to synergy in combination with the clinically approved active site HIV IN strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) raltegravir, and cross-resistance profiling proves the distinct mode of action of LEDGINs and INSTIs. The allosteric nature of inhibition and compatibility with INSTIs underline an interest in further (clinical) development of LEDGINs.
Immune-Activating Properties of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Improve the Outcome in a Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia
Authors: Yoong Pauline , Pier Gerald B. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin expressed by many methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) strains that cause community-acquired infections (CA-MRSA). Its role in virulence however, is controversial, with clinical data suggesting that PVL-producing strains may cause less severe disease in humans. PVL is capable of lysing human white blood cells, but at sublytic amounts, PVL can activate protective host immunity in the absence of cell damage. The concentration-dependent reactions it elicits from host cells could be the reason for seemingly contradictory results about PVL's role in virulence. We hypothesized that a key to understanding PVL's action on host cells and, possibly, outcomes from infection is the amount of toxin present, a hypothesis previously supported in studies using a low-inoculum skin infection model, where low levels of PVL augmented innate immune resistance to infection. Here, we present additional data supporting this hypothesis using a mouse model of MRSA pneumonia, wherein we found increased virulence of isogenic Δ
pvl
strains and further confirmed PVL's capacity to activate proinflammatory responses from mouse and human neutrophils and pulmonary cells. Activation was measured as the production of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and KC (from human and mouse cells, respectively), as well as the release of antibacterial factors. Conversely, PVL lowered the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced in active pulmonary infection, while low doses induced apoptosis, suggesting that PVL also has the capacity to regulate inflammation. Our data indicate that, independent of its cytotoxic effects, PVL also plays an important and positive immunomodulatory role during MRSA infections.
Multilocus Sequence Analysis of Isolates of Achromobacter from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis Reveals Infecting Species Other than Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Authors: Ridderberg Winnie , Wang Mikala , Nørskov-Lauritsen Niels 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) scheme was developed for characterization of strains and species from the genus
Achromobacter
, which are increasingly recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Five conserved housekeeping genes were selected for the MLSA, which was applied to a diverse collection of 77 strains originating from Europe, Asia, and South America and including type strains of the seven recognized
Achromobacter
species, six environmental strains, eight non-CF clinical strains, and 56 CF clinical strains. The discriminatory power of MLSA, based on 2,098 nucleotides (nt), was much superior to a 16S rRNA gene comparison based on 1,309 nt. Congruence was observed between single-gene trees and a concatenated gene tree. MLSA differentiated all seven current
Achromobacter
species and also demonstrated the presence of at least four novel potential species within the genus. CF isolates were predominantly
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
(64%), an undescribed
Achromobacter
species (18%), and
Achromobacter ruhlandii
(7%). A clone of
Achromobacter
, which has spread among patients from Danish CF centers in Aarhus and Copenhagen, was identified as
Achromobacter ruhlandii
. MLSA facilitates the specific identification of isolates of
Achromobacter
necessary for describing their role in clinical infections.
Cold acclimation inhibits CO2-dependent stimulation of photosynthesis in spring wheat and spring rye
Authors: Dahal Keshav , Kane Khalil , Sarhan Fathey , Grodzinski Bernard , Hüner Norman P.A. 
Published: June 2012

We assessed the effects of short-term elevated CO2 on the light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (Asat) of spring (‘SR4A’, ‘Katepwa’) and winter (‘Musketeer’, ‘Norstar’) wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and rye ( Secale cereale L.) cultivars grown at ambient CO2 (380 µmol C·mol–1) at either 20/16 °C (nonacclimated, NA) or 5/5 °C (cold acclimated, CA). In spring wheat–rye, cold acclimation decreased CO2-stimulation of Asat by 45%–60% relative to NA controls following a short-term (80 h) shift of plants from ambient to elevated CO2 (700 µmol C·mol–1). In contrast, in winter wheat–rye, cold acclimation enhanced CO2-stimulation of Asat by 15%–35% relative to NA controls upon a shift to elevated CO2. The stimulation observed for CA spring cultivars was about 60% less than that of CA winter cultivars. We conclude that a short-term exposure of spring cultivars to elevated CO2 cannot compensate for the cold acclimation-induced inhibition of Asat. Cold acclimation of spring cultivars appeared to exacerbate Rubisco CO2 substrate limitations present under ambient CO2. Furthermore, CA spring cultivars were unable to adjust their short-term temperature sensitivity of Asat under elevated CO2 compared with the winter cultivars.
Are the Great Plains wildrye (Elymus canadensis) and the Siberian wildrye (Elymus sibiricus) conspecific? A study based on the nuclear 5S rDNA sequences
Authors: Baum Bernard R. , Edwards Tara , Ponomareva Ekaterina , Johnson Douglas A. 
Published: June 2012

Elymus canadensis L. and Elymus sibiricus L. are difficult to separate by morphology. The latter is found mainly in Asia and extends into northern North America; the former is confined to North America. We obtained the DNA sequences of 135 5S rDNA units collected from 19 localities throughout their respective ranges. The results of statistical parsimony, analysis of molecular variance, and sequence polymorphism analyses show that the two taxa are not conspecific.
Comparison of Puccinia acroptili from Eurasia and the USA
Authors: Bruckart W.L. , Eskandari F.M. , Berner D.K. , Aime M.C. 
Published: June 2012

A rust disease caused by Puccinia acroptili P. Syd. & Syd. occurs throughout the range of Russian knapweed (Rhaponticum (syn. Acroptilon) repens), including North America. Differences in teliospore dimensions had been observed previously, but not quantified, between a specimen of P. acroptili from Turkey and one from the United States of America (USA). Similar differences were found during a recent evaluation of P. acroptili for biological control of R. repens in the USA; e.g., teliospores from eight USA isolates were 2.4 µm shorter (P = 0.05) than four isolates from Eurasia (two from Turkey, and one each from Russia and Kazakhstan). This inspired the generation of additional biological and DNA sequence data to clarify the significance of these differences between USA and Eurasian isolates. Although the USA isolates were found to have shorter teliospores, as noted in the description by Savile, teliospores of the USA isolates were also significantly wider in diameter than isolates from Eurasia; the latter in contrast to Savile’s observation. Biologically, the isolates were the same; all were equally aggressive in causing disease under common greenhouse test conditions, and fertile crosses occurred between isolates regardless of source. DNA sequence analyses of the nuclear rDNA large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions supported the notion that P. acroptili is a single species, but it also revealed that small levels of variation may exist within the species. For these reasons, it has been concluded that USA and Eurasian accessions can be considered a single species, i.e., P. acroptili. Also, Savile’s observation about differences in spore dimensions is substantiated.
Uncoupling of PI3K from ErbB3 Impairs Mammary Gland Development but Does Not Impact on ErbB2-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis
Authors: Lahlou Hicham , Müller Thomas , Sanguin-Gendreau Virginie , Birchmeier Carmen , Muller William J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The formation of ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimers plays a critical role in ErbB2-mediated signaling in both normal mammary development and mammary tumor progression. Through 7 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) phosphotyrosine-binding sites, ErbB3 is able to recruit PI3K and initiate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. To directly explore the importance of the ErbB3/PI3K pathway in mammary development and tumorigenesis, we generated a mouse model that carries a mutant ErbB3 allele lacking the seven known PI3K-binding sites (ErbB3Δ85). Mice homozygous for the ErbB3Δ85 allele exhibited an initial early growth defect and a dramatic impairment of mammary epithelial outgrowth. Although homozygous adult mice eventually recovered from the growth defect, their mammary glands continued to manifest the mammary outgrowth and lactation defects throughout their adult life. Interestingly, despite the presence of a profound mammary gland defect, all of the female ErbB3Δ85 mice developed metastatic ErbB2-induced mammary tumors secondary to mammary epithelial expression of an activated ErbB2 oncogene capable of compensatory PI3K signaling from both EGF receptor and ErbB2. Our findings therefore indicate that, although ErbB3-associated PI3K activity is critical for mammary development, it is dispensable for ErbB2-induced mammary tumor progression. Cancer Res; 72(12); 3080–90. ©2012 AACR.