bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAM‐Y: Attention‐enhanced hazardous vehicle object detection algorithm
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Liu Bushi , Zhu Pengcheng , Meng Xianchun , Chen Bolun , Shao Wei , Chen Liqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVehicle transportation of hazardous chemicals is one of the important mobile hazards in modern logistics, and its unsafe factors bring serious threats to people's lives, property and environmental safety. Although the current object detection algorithm has certain applications in the detection of hazardous chemical vehicles, due to the complexity of the transportation environment, the small size and low resolution of the vehicle target etc., object detection becomes more difficult in the face of a complex background. In order to solve these problems, the authors propose an improved algorithm based on YOLOv5 to enhance the detection accuracy and efficiency of hazardous chemical vehicles. Firstly, in order to better capture the details and semantic information of hazardous chemical vehicles, the algorithm solves the problem of mismatch between the receptive field of the detector and the target object by introducing the receptive field expansion block into the backbone network, so as to improve the ability of the model to capture the detailed information of hazardous chemical vehicles. Secondly, in order to improve the ability of the model to express the characteristics of hazardous chemical vehicles, the authors introduce a separable attention mechanism in the multi‐scale target detection stage, and enhances the prediction ability of the model by combining the object detection head and attention mechanism coherently in the feature layer of scale perception, the spatial location of spatial perception and the output channel of task perception. Experimental results show that the improved model significantly surpasses the baseline model in terms of accuracy and achieves more accurate object detection. At the same time, the model also has a certain improvement in inference speed and achieves faster inference ability.
Building point cloud reconstruction in TomoSAR based on deep learning semantic segmentation
Authors: Shi Minan , Chen Longyong , Zhang Fubo , Li Wenjie , Cui Chenghao , Liu Yuling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTomographic synthetic aperture radar (TomoSAR) possesses 3D imaging capability, making it significant for building reconstruction using TomoSAR data. The reconstruction algorithm is closely related to building point cloud detection, while traditional detection methods suffer from low automation and reliance on manual configuration. This study proposes a building point cloud reconstruction method based on deep learning semantic segmentation. Initially, deep learning method is employed for end‐to‐end building point cloud segmentation, followed by point cloud reconstruction based on the segmentation results. The proposed method is simple and efficient, elevating the level of automation in point cloud processing. Experimental validation on real TomoSAR data confirms that the proposed method achieves automated and refined reconstruction of building point clouds.
MFE‐MVSNet: Multi‐scale feature enhancement multi‐view stereo with bi‐directional connections
Authors: Lai HongWei , Ye ChunLong , Li Zhenglin , Yan Peng , Zhou Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in deep learning have significantly improved performance in the multi‐view stereo (MVS) domain, yet achieving a balance between reconstruction efficiency and quality remains challenging for learning‐based MVS methods. To address this, we introduce MFE‐MVSNet, designed for more effective and precise depth estimation. Our model incorporates a pyramid feature extraction network, featuring efficient multi‐scale attention and multi‐scale feature enhancement modules. These components capture pixel‐level pairwise relationships and semantic features with long‐range contextual information, enhancing feature representation. Additionally, we propose a lightweight 3D UNet regularization network based on depthwise separable convolutions to reduce computational costs. This network employs bi‐directional skip connections, establishing a fluid relationship between encoders and decoders and enabling cyclic reuse of building blocks without adding learnable parameters. By integrating these methods, MFE‐MVSNet effectively balances reconstruction quality and efficiency. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experiments on the DTU dataset validate our model's competitiveness, demonstrating approximately 33% and 12% relative improvements in overall score compared to MVSNet and CasMVSNet, respectively. Compared to other MVS networks, our approach more effectively balances reconstruction quality with efficiency.
Maritime vessel classification based on a dual network combining EfficientNet with a hybrid network MPANet
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Qiao Yulong , Zhao Yue , Xing Zhengyi , He Hengxiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractShip classification is an important technique for enhancing maritime management and security. Visible and infrared sensors are generally employed to deal with the challenging problem and improve classification performance. Herein, a two‐branch feature fusion neural network structure is proposed to classify the visible and infrared maritime vessel images simultaneously. Specifically, in this two‐branch neural network, one branch is based on a deep convolutional neural network that is used to extract the visible image features, while the other is a hybrid network structure that is a multi‐scale patch embedding network called MPANet. The sub‐network MPANet can extract fine‐ and coarse‐grained features, in which the pooling operation instead of the multi‐head attention mechanism is utilized to reduce memory consumption. When there are infrared images, it is used to extract the infrared image features, otherwise, this branch is also utilized to extract visible image features. Therefore, this dual network is suitable with or without infrared images. The experimental results on the visible and infrared spectrums (VAIS) dataset demonstrate that the introduced network achieves state‐of‐the‐art ship classification performance on visible images and paired visible and infrared ship images.
Suppression of low‐frequency oscillations in hybrid/multi microgrid systems with an improved model predictive controller
Authors: Amiri Farhad , Moradi Mohammad Hassan , Eskandari Mohsen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGrid‐forming inverters are used for voltage regulation and frequency control in autonomous hybrid microgrids and multi‐microgrid systems by imitating synchronous generators. However, in microgrids with weak grids including low inertia levels and small X/R ratios, these inverters interact with each other, and as a result low‐frequency oscillations (LFO) arise. LFO impacts the frequency stability of multi‐microgrid systems. Nevertheless, LFO can be mitigated by the load‐frequency control system, which serves as a secondary control mechanism. However, the presence of wind turbines and photovoltaic systems in hybrid microgrids adds complexity to the operation of the load‐frequency control due to the uncertainty associated with these renewable energy resources, and various controllers have been employed. This paper proposes a novel approach to enhance the performance of the load‐frequency control system and suppress LFO. The presented technique reduces the complexity of the hybrid microgrid structure by reducing the number of controllers. The model predictive control (MPC) technique is utilized for load‐frequency control and the weight parameters of the MPC are determined using the rain optimization algorithm. The proposed method demonstrates improved dynamic response, reduced overshoot and undershoot responses, decreased controller complexity, and effective LFO suppression. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the method.
Research on forward scan imaging based on azimuth modulation and pulse compression
Authors: Liu Sijia , Pan Minghai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAiming at the problem that the azimuth echoes of forward‐looking scanning imaging are aliased and the angular information of different targets cannot be directly separated, resulting in low azimuth resolution, the authors propose a scanning imaging method based on azimuth modulation and pulse compression in this paper. Firstly, the coupling of slow‐time and scanning angle is utilised to transmit time‐varying azimuth‐modulated pulses while the beam is scanning, and phase demodulation is performed during the echo processing; then the azimuth pulse compression is used to accumulate effective power and obtain the azimuth information of different targets. The proposed method not only obtains high azimuth resolution of the forward‐looking area, but also has a simple processing process and good anti‐noise performance. Simulation and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Direkte Hochdruckinjektionsverletzung mit einer Capsaicin gefüllten Gaspistole in die Hohlhand
Authors: Sönmez Güner , Janzen Jan , Spies Christian Karl 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungHochdruckinjektionsverletzungen der Hand zählen zweifelsohne zu den gefährlichsten Verletzungen an der Hand mit weitreichenden Folgen. Diese Läsionen werden oft unterschätzt, sodass sekundäre Schäden sich entfalten können. Nicht nur die physikalische Wirkung, sondern auch das Agens definieren die Therapie.
Pregnancy-Related and Neonatal Outcomes during Omicron Variant-Dominant COVID-19 Pandemic among the Black-Dominant Population
Authors: Min Daniel D. , Min Jae H. 
Published: June 2024

Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of the Omicron variant on pregnancy-related and neonatal outcomes among the Black-dominant population.
Study Design We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study during the prepandemic period from December 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020, and the Omicron surging period from December 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. A total of 518 pregnant women were admitted for delivery during the study period. Multiple gestations (n = 21) and deliveries at less than 20 weeks of gestation (n = 5) were excluded. We analyzed and compared the sociodemographic and clinical data from mothers and their neonates between the two cohorts as well as between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive and negative mothers during the Omicron surge. Subgroup analyses were also conducted specifically among the Black-only population.
Results The cohorts were predominantly Black (88.6%), with smaller proportions of Hispanic (8.9%), Asian (0.8%), White (0.8%), and other ethnicities (0.8%). Of 492 singleton deliveries, 275 live births, 8 (2.8%) stillbirths, and 31 (11.3%) preterm births (PTBs) occurred during the prepandemic period, and 207 live births, 2 (1%) stillbirths, and 33 (15.9%) PTBs occurred during the Omicron wave. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of PTBs, stillbirths, medically indicated PTBs, and cesarean delivery between the two cohorts. SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers were not at an increased risk of adverse outcomes. However, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission rate significantly increased among neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers compared with negative mothers (32.3 vs. 16.5%, p = 0.038). In subgroup analyses among Black individuals, this difference was not observed.
Conclusion There was no significant difference in pregnancy-related or neonatal outcomes in the Black-dominant population between the two cohorts. SARS-CoV-2 infection did not alter these findings except for an increased NICU admission rate among neonates born to SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers.
Key Points
Factors Affecting Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Alcohol Dependence in the Absence of Intoxication: A Study from Goa
Authors: Jadhav Ganesh M , Parab Amey S. , Sundaram Ponraj K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Alcohol dependence is common in certain parts of the world and it contributes to increased incidence of head injury. The effect of alcohol dependence on head injury outcome separate from intoxication has not received much attention.
Aims We evaluate the factors affecting outcome in head injury patients with a history of alcohol dependence.
Materials and Methods A prospective study of alcohol-dependent patients with head injury was conducted. The patients were treated using standard head injury protocols and information regarding duration of alcohol use was assessed with investigations relating to alcoholic liver disease. The outcome was measured up to 1 month and analyzed with respect to the factors measured.
Results The Extended Glasgow Outcome Score at 1 month was lower in patients with increasing duration of alcohol use. Increased duration of alcohol use also led to increased incidence of liver disease and coagulopathy, which independently affected the outcome negatively. Higher duration of alcohol use also resulted in increased risk of seizures and infection.
Conclusion Alcohol dependence negatively affects head injury outcome at 1 month. In addition, increased duration of alcohol use shows a linear trend with poor outcome. Although the exact mechanisms for this are not clear, detection and management of complications like coagulopathy may improve outcome.
Chiral Sulfones via Single-Electron Oxidation-Initiated Photoenzymatic Catalysis
Authors: Ye Juntao , Sakthivel Pandaram , Shi Qinglong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe recently achieved an oxidation-initiated photoenzymatic enantioselective hydrosulfonylation of olefins through the utilization of a new Gluconobacter ene-reductase mutant (GluER-W100F-W342F). Our method simplifies the reaction system by eliminating the need for a cofactor regeneration mixture and, in contrast with previous photoenzymatic systems, does not depend on the formation of an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex between the substrates and enzyme cofactor. Moreover, the GluER variant exhibits good substrate compatibility and excellent enantioselectivity. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a tyrosine-mediated HAT process is involved and support the proposed oxidation-initiated mechanism. In this Synpacts article, we discuss the conceptual framework that led to the discovery of this reaction and reflect on the key aspects of its development.1	Introduction2	Conceptual Background2.1	Intramolecular Photoenzymatic Reactions via Single-Electron Reduction2.2	Intermolecular Photoenzymatic Reactions via Single-Electron Reduction3	The Development of the Process4	Conclusion
Characterization of an Estrogen Receptor α-Selective 18F-Estradiol PET Tracer
Authors: Sluka Pavel , Ackermann Uwe , Rigopoulos Angela , Wardan Hady , Pezaro Carmel , Burvenich Ingrid J.G. , Scott Andrew M. , Davis Ian D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective Conventional imaging of cancer with modalities such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging provides little information about the underlying biology of the cancer and consequently little guidance for systemic treatment choices. Accurate identification of aggressive cancers or those that are likely to respond to specific treatment regimens would allow more precisely tailored treatments to be used. The expression of the estrogen receptor α subunit is associated with a more aggressive phenotype, with a greater propensity to metastasize. We aimed to characterize the binding properties of an 18F-estradiol positron emission tomography (PET) tracer in its ability to bind to the α and β forms of estrogen receptors in vitro and confirmed its binding to estrogen receptor α in vivo.
Methods The 18F-estradiol PET tracer was synthesized and its quality confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Binding of the tracer was assessed in vitro by saturation and competitive binding studies to HEK293T cells transfected with estrogen receptor α (ESR1) and/or estrogen receptor β (ESR2). Binding of the tracer to estrogen receptor α in vivo was assessed by imaging of uptake of the tracer into MCF7 xenografts in BALB/c nu/nu mice.
Results The 18F-estradiol PET tracer bound with high affinity (94 nM) to estrogen receptor α, with negligible binding to estrogen receptor β. Uptake of the tracer was observed in MCF7 xenografts, which almost exclusively express estrogen receptor α.
Conclusion 18F-estradiol PET tracer binds in vitro with high specificity to the estrogen receptor α isoform, with minimal binding to estrogen receptor β. This may help distinguish human cancers with biological dependence on estrogen receptor subtypes.
Multimodality Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Poonia Nemi Chand , Jain Surendra , Poonia Hardika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Object Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) consists of excruciating paroxysmal pain, which lasts for seconds to minutes, in the distribution of fifth cranial nerve. TN is not life-threatening, but life became miserable because of high intensity of pain. This study aimed to assess the overall success rates of different treatments, considering pain relief, recurrence rates, and potential side effects.
Material and Methods A total of 203 patients of TN treated in the period of last 10 years, that is, 2013 to 2022, were included. Medial management was in 103, radiofrequency ablation in 17, neurectomy in 9, tumor excision in 6, and microvascular decompression (MVD) was done in 68 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging brain with fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition was the basic investigation to decide the etiology of disease.
Results Preliminary findings from our institutional experience indicate that a multidisciplinary approach, combining medical, surgical, and noninvasive treatments, yielded the most favorable results in managing TN. The majority of patients achieved significant pain reduction and improved quality of life with these selected therapies. However, certain subgroups of patients exhibited a higher propensity for treatment resistance, necessitating further investigation into personalized treatment strategies.
Conclusion Our study concludes that there is no definitive treatment modality (either medical or surgical) available for patients with TN. As the etiology of TN is varied, management of TN also varied, that is, multidisciplinary approach. Every type of treatment has pros and cons but when the cause of TN is vascular compression and patient's general condition permits for surgery, in such cases MVD should be preferred over the ablative procedures.
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Location: A Pilot Study on the Validation of Subdural Site with the Intraventricular Site
Authors: Bharadwaj Suparna , Sundaram Mouleeswaran , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Muthuchellappan Radhakrishnan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Knowledge of preoperative and intraoperative intracranial pressure (ICP) enables the neuroanesthesiologist to optimize cerebral perfusion pressure. However, ICP is rarely monitored during the intraoperative period. In this report, subdural site ICP measurement is validated with intraventricular ICP measurement, and the feasibility of subdural ICP monitoring during the intraoperative period is discussed.
Materials and Methods In this prospective pilot study, ICP measurement at the subdural site was achieved with an intravenous cannula and the ventricular site with a ventricular cannula. Both were transduced using a fluid-filled pressure transducer and connected to the monitor for display of the number and the waveforms. Monitoring of intraoperative ICP using both the techniques was done in all patients recruited into the study. The correlation between the two modalities of measurement was studied by the Spearman correlation test and their limits of agreement were studied using the Bland–Altman plot. A case series describing the perioperative management based on the subdural ICP values are also described.
Results Subdural ICP showed a strong correlation with intraventricular ICP (r
s = 0.93, p = 0.01). Agreement analysis using the Bland–Altman plot showed that the mean difference of ICP between the modalities was 1.44 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −0.6 to 3.49, p = 0.122).
Discussion This study validates the ICP values measured at the subdural site with the intraventricular site. Subdural site ICP monitoring can be achieved rapidly with readily available systems and helps in making intraoperative clinical decisions.
Conclusion Cannula-based subdural ICP is a satisfactory alternative to intraventricular ICP monitoring in the intraoperative period.
A Comparative Evaluation of Removable Partial Denture Prostheses and Dental Caries Status among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients
Authors: U. Kumaraswamy Ambikathanaya , K. Nagarajagowda Raghavendra Swamy , Gujjari Anil Kumar , Chittiappa Ponnappa K. , Lakshminarayan Sunil Tejaswi K. , Shetty Suneeth 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Oral health is an integral part of general health. Systemic diseases such as diabetic condition and local factors have an impact on oral health of individuals. Dental caries is one of the most common oral health conditions affecting 60 to 90% of the population. Acrylic removable partial denture (RPD) is one of the most widely accepted means of tooth replacement. Its insertion in the mouth leads to altering the oral environment and increases plaque formation, particularly on tooth surface of those in contact with the acrylic partial denture facilitating the initiation of caries.
Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of acrylic RPDs on caries prevalence in diabetic and nondiabetic patients.
Methodology This comparative study was performed on 400 patients of age between 20 and 64 years visiting JSS Dental College and Hospital in Mysuru. Patients participating in this study were explained regarding the survey analysis and informed consent was taken. It was a questionnaire-based clinical study. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered for the selection of the study sample and categorize the patients into one of the following groups, with prostheses (Group A) and without prostheses (Group B) and subgroups diabetic patients with prostheses (Group A1) and nondiabetic patients with prostheses (Group A2). Diabetic patients without prostheses (Group B1) and nondiabetic patients without prostheses (Group B2). Sociodemographic information of each patient was recorded, and clinical examination was performed for decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) using DMFT index.
Results A statistically significant high prevalence of dental caries was observed among nondiabetic patients with acrylic RPD (Group A2).
Conclusion Acrylic RPD and diabetes had least role in caries prevalence.
Asymmetrical Lateral Crus Steal in Geometric Tip Reshaping
Authors: Jadczak Marcin , Krzywdzińska Sandra , Jurkiewicz Dariusz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA key component of a well-performed rhinoplasty is to obtain the proper, aesthetic shape of the nasal tip. Various surgical techniques have been developed to achieve this effect. In this work, the author wanted to focus not only on the satisfactory shape of the nose, but above all on its main role—functionality. In this article, the asymmetrical lateral crus steal (ALCS) technique is proposed, which in its assumption will enable narrowing, better defining and rotating of the nasal tip, and at the same time enhancing nasal patency. We present a retrospective analysis within the group of 267 patients who underwent primary open-approach rhinoplasty that included the ALCS technique. The mean follow-up time was 12 months. A total of 232 patients achieved very good postoperative results without observation of any serious complications related to breathing difficulties or asymmetry of the nasal tip shape. ALCS is a relatively simple surgical technique to perform. The use of the ALCS suture creates the possibility of proper profiling of the nasal tip while improving the respiratory functions of the nose.