bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of illicit drugs and medicines in preserved oral fluid
Authors: Simões Susana Sadler , Ajenjo Antonio Castañera , Franco João Miguel , Vieira Duarte Nuno , Dias Mário João 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA qualitative and quantitative analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 24 illicit drugs and medicines, in preserved oral fluid samples collected with the StatSure Saliva Sampler™ collection device. The samples were prepared by liquid‐liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis. The chromatographic separation was performed with an Atlantis T3 (100 × 2.1 mm i.d., 3 µm) reversed‐phase column using an acetonitrile/2 mM ammonium formate buffer pH 3.4 gradient and the MS/MS detection was achieved with two precursor‐product ion transitions per substance. The method was fully validated, including specificity and capacity of identification, limit of detection (0.2–2.1 µg/L), limit of quantitation (0.8–6.4 µg/L), recovery (34–98%), carryover, linearity (the method was linear in the range 1–200 µg/L), intra‐assay precision (coefficient of variance (CV) <20% for 20 µg/L and CV <10% for 100 µg/L) and inter‐assay accuracy (mean relative error <15%) and precision (CV <20%). The method showed to be specific and sensitive. It has already been successfully used in four proficiency tests and subsequently applied to oral fluid samples collected from road traffic volunteers in the driving population of Portugal (districts of Lisbon, Coimbra and Porto), within the DRUID project. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐performance hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of everolimus in mouse plasma
Authors: Hsieh Yunsheng , Galviz Gerica , Long Brian J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUltra‐performance hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (UPHILIC) interfaced with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source of a tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of everolimus in mouse plasma samples. UPHILIC was performed on a sub‐2 µm bare silica particle packing with the column pressure under traditional high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to allow fast separation of pharmaceutical compounds within a chromatographic analysis time of 1 min. This UPHILIC technology is comparable with reversed‐phase ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (RPUPLC) in terms of chromatographic efficiency but demands neither expensive ultra‐high‐pressure instrumentation nor new laboratory protocols. With the ESI source, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) of the ammoniated adduct ions of the analyte was used for tandem mass spectrometric detection. The retention mechanism profiles of the test compounds under HILIC conditions were explored. The influences of experimental factors such as the compositions of mobile phases on the chromatographic performance and the ionization efficiency of the test compounds in positive ion mode were investigated. A UPHILIC/MS/MS approach following a protein precipitation procedure was applied for the quantitative determination of everolimus at the low ng/mL region in support of a pharmacodynamic study. The analytical results obtained by the UPHILIC/MS/MS approach were fond to be in good agreement with those obtained by the RPUPLC/MS/MS method in terms of assay sample throughput, sensitivity and accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of flavonoids – quercetin and rutin – as new matrices for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric analysis of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes
Authors: Petković Marijana , Vujačić Ana , Schiller Jürgen , Bugarčić Živadin , Savić Jasmina , Vasić Vesna 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAttempts are being made to overcome the resistance of tumour cells to platinum (Pt) drugs by the synthesis of new generations of Pt complexes, and it is important to find appropriate and simple methods for the characterization of those novel complexes. The additional applicability of such a method for the analysis of the interactions of metal complexes with biomolecules would be advantageous. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) seems to possess the capability to become this method of choice, since it could be applied to low‐mass complexes as well as for the analysis of large biomolecules. In this work the applicability of flavonoids – quercetin and rutin – as matrices for MALDI‐TOFMS analysis of dichlorido(ethylendiamine)platinum(II) ([PtCl2(en)]), dichlorido(diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II) ([PtCl2(dach)]) and chloride (diethylenetriamine) palladium(II) chloride ([PdCl(dien)]Cl) complexes is demonstrated. Spectra of Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes recorded in the presence of quercetin and rutin are rather simple: Pt(II) complexes generate [M+Na]+ or [M+K]+ions, whereas the investigated Pd(II) complex gives ions generated by the loss of one Cl− or HCl. Flavonoids give a relatively small number of well‐defined ions in the low‐mass region (at m/z 303.3 for quercetin and m/z 633.5 for rutin). Quercetin and rutin can be applied in much lower concentrations than other common MALDI matrices and require rather low laser intensity. We speculate that flavonoids stabilize the structures of the metal complexes and that they may be useful for the analysis of other biologically active metal complexes, thus implying their broader applicability. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust adaptive fuzzy semi‐decentralized control for a class of large‐scale nonlinear systems using input–output linearization concept
Authors: Yousef H. , Hamdy M. , El‐Madbouly E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractStable direct and indirect adaptive fuzzy controllers based on input–output linearization concept are presented for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinear subsystems and interconnections. The interconnected nonlinear systems are represented not only in the canonical forms as in Yousef et al. (Int. J. Robust Nonlinear Control 2006; 16: 687–708) but also in the general forms. Hybrid adaptive fuzzy robust tracking control schemes that are based on a combination of an H∞ tracking theory and fuzzy control design are developed. In the proposed control schemes, all the states and signals are bounded and an H∞ tracking control performance is guaranteed without imposing any constraints or assumptions about the interconnections. Extensive simulation on the tracking of a two‐link rigid robot manipulator and a numerical example verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogeomorphic characterization of floodplain forest change in response to reduced flows along the Apalachicola River, Florida
Authors: Stallins J. Anthony , Nesius Michael , Smith Matt , Watson Kelly 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint (ACF) River basin is an important ecological and economic component of a three‐state region (Florida, Alabama and Georgia) in the southeastern U.S. Along the Apalachicola River in northwest Florida, the duration of floodplain inundation has decreased as a result of declining river levels. Spring and summer flows have diminished in volume because of water use, storage and evaporation in reservoirs, and other anthropogenic and climatic changes in the basin upstream. Channel erosion from dam construction and navigation improvements also caused river levels to decline in an earlier period. In this paper, we document trends in floodplain forest tree species composition for the interval spanning these influences. Historic tree inventories from the 1970s were compared to present‐day forests through non‐metric multidimensional scaling, indicator species analysis (ISA) and outlier detection. Forests are compositionally drier today than in the 1970s. Overstory to understory compositional differences within habitats (levees, high/low bottomland forest and backswamps) are as large as the species contrasts between habitats. Present‐day forests are also compositionally noisier with fewer indicator species. The largest individual declines in species density and dominance were in backswamps, particularly forFraxinus caroliniana Nyssa ogecheandNyssa aquatica. We discuss how contrasts in the compositional change signal for levee and backswamp landform habitats reflect a complex biogeomorphic response to fluctuating river flows for alluvial rivers in humid climates. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework for intrusion detection systems by social network analysis methods inad hocnetworks
Authors: Wang Wei , Man Hong , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSocial network analysis (SNA), originally introduced to provide a mathematical framework for analyzing human interactions and economic relationships, has recently been successfully applied to characterizing information propagation in wireless networks. In this paper, we introduce a SNA method as a new approach to build an intrusion detection system (SN‐IDS) in mobilead hocnetworks. The SN‐IDS utilizes social relations as metrics‐of‐interest for anomaly detections, which is different from most traditional IDS approaches. The social system can capture and represent similar network statistics as those used in data mining based IDSs. To construct proper social networks, we first investigatead hocMAC and network layer data attributes and select relevant social feature sets; then we build up a set of socio‐matrices based on these features. Social analysis methods are applied to these matrices to detect suspicious activities and behaviors of mobile nodes. The detection results can be based on single or multi‐relation rules. Finally, we analyze the performance of this SN‐IDS under different simulated mobility conditions and traffic patterns. NS‐2 simulation results show that this SN‐IDS system can effectively detect common attacks with high detection rates and low false alarm rates. Furthermore, it has clear advantages over the conventional association rule based data mining IDS in terms of computation and system complexity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of fetuses with hemoglobin Bart's disease using middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity
Authors: Srisupundit K. , Piyamongkol W. , Tongsong T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the sensitivity and specificity of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) in mid‐pregnancy for the identification of homozygous α‐thalassemia‐1 (hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's disease) in fetuses at risk of the disease.MethodsA total of 88 pregnancies (91 fetuses) at risk of Hb Bart's disease and undergoing MCA‐PSV measurement before cordocentesis at 18–22 weeks of gestation were recruited into the study. Definitive diagnosis was made using the gold standard technique of Hb typing by high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe mean ± SD age of the 88 pregnant women recruited into the study was 28.3 ± 5.7 years, the gestational age was 18.8 ± 1.1 weeks and the incidence of Hb Bart's disease was 22% (20 fetuses). Using MCA‐PSV above 1.5 multiples of the median as a cut‐off point, the sensitivity of MCA‐PSV for detecting affected fetuses was 85% (17/20 cases), with a specificity of 100%, and positive and negative predictive values of 100% and 95.9% respectively. Three of 20 fetuses with Hb Bart's disease had normal MCA‐PSV.ConclusionsMCA‐PSV assessment in mid‐pregnancy is a useful method for identifying Hb Bart's disease with high sensitivity and specificity among fetuses at risk, and may allow avoidance of unnecessary cordocentesis in some cases. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Balance of material momentum at a shock wave
Authors: Braun M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe balance of material momentum is obtained by a pull‐back of the balance of physical momentum to the reference configuration. The usual formulation of these balances assumes the fields involved to be continuously differentiable. At a surface of discontinuity, the mechanical balance laws are represented by jump conditions rather than differential equations. The jump condition representing the balance of material momentum is derived in an analogous manner to the continuous case. In general, there remains an imbalance term in the discontinuous version of the balance of material momentum representing a concentrated source of material momentum carried along with a shock wave. The imbalance remains nonzero in a purely hyperelastic material without any thermal properties. It is shown that the imbalance vanishes if the material is assumed thermoelastic and heat conduction is omitted. The relevance of this result for the validity of a global balance of material momentum is discussed.
Statement and solution of optimal problems for independent stress and deformation control by eigenstrain
Authors: Lokhov V. , Nyashin Y. , Ziegler F. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe method of unique decomposition of eigenstrain into two constituents, namely in impotent eigenstrain, that does not cause stress and in the complementary nilpotent eigenstrain that does not induce any deformation in the linear elastic solid is considered in detail. Decomposition is performed in the Hilbert (energy) function space. These two complete classes of eigenstrains render optimal solutions by keeping shape and stress‐control problems well separated. Such an optimization is found to be of crucial importance in the design of smart structures, which can adapt to altering conditions. Benchmark solutions of both, shape control and optimal redistribution of elastic load stresses in discretized smart structures illustrate the power of the novel method and its convenience of application. Further, the problem of residual stress control past hot rolling of I‐beams is solved: the theorem on decomposition provides the crucial tool to define the required control parameters for forced cooling‐down with the goal of producing a favourable residual stress state as close as possible to a predefined (optimal) stress state. The latter is exemplarily selected to increase the buckling strength of such columns with given slenderness ratio.
On homogenization of activated laminates in 1D‐space and time
Authors: Lurie K.A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss observations indicating that homogenization, in its standard version based on weak compactness, generally does not work for dynamic materials with arbitrary material geometry. A remarkable exception is represented by the spatial‐temporal laminates where such compactness can be established. For the slow (timelike) laminates, this was done in [18] with the use of energy bound. In the present work, a similar result is established for the fast (spacelike) laminates, this time with the use of momentum flux bound.
Onset of transient vibrations of axially moving beams with large displacements, finite deformations and an initially unknown length of the reference configuration
Authors: Humer A. , Irschik H. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe present paper deals with vibrations of axially moving beams. Large displacements and finite deformations with respect to a co‐moving reference configuration are studied. For that sake, an extension of Reissner's non‐linear beam theory is used, which allows working with constitutive relations stated at the stress‐strain level of continuum mechanics. We restrict to plane deformations and to the Bernoulli‐Euler assumption for slender beams. In extension to formulations in the literature, we study a situation, in which a reference configuration with an unknown length is to be considered. Exemplary numerical results are presented for the case of a statically pre‐deformed beam with an initially unknown reference configuration, which is set into an accelerated axial motion, where the length of the reference configuration however is kept fixed during the onset of vibrations.
Verification and falsification of programs with loops using predicate abstraction
Authors: Kroening Daniel , Weissenbacher Georg 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Predicate abstraction is a major abstraction technique for the verification of software. Data is abstracted by means of Boolean variables, which keep track of predicates over the data. In many cases, predicate abstraction suffers from the need for at least one predicate for each iteration of a loop construct in the program. We propose to extract
looping counterexamples
from the abstract model, and to parametrise the simulation instance in the number of loop iterations. We present a novel technique that speeds up the detection of long counterexamples as well as the verification of programs with loops.
Update on Open Abdomen Management: Achievements and Challenges
Authors: Ivatury Rao R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe open abdomen technique is one of the greatest advances in recent times and has enormous application in the daily management of the critically ill or injured patient. It results in tremendous benefits to the initial resuscitation of these patients but also brings on many challenges beyond those that might be expected from the primary illness or injury. Recent advances in the management of the open abdomen have provided the means to overcome the challenges and reap the benefits.
An Early Observation on the Anatomy of the Inguinal Canal and the Etiology of Inguinal Hernias by Petrus Camper in the 18th Century
Authors: IJpma Frank F. A. , van de Graaf Robert C. , van Geldere Dick , van Gulik Thomas M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe famous Dutch medical doctor Petrus Camper (1722–1789) was appointed professor of anatomy and surgery at the University of Franeker, Amsterdam, and Groningen. As Praelector Anatomiae of the Amsterdam Guild of Surgeons, he gave public anatomy lessons in the Anatomy theatre in Amsterdam. During the mid 18th century he performed dissections on corpses of children and adults to investigate the anatomy and etiology of inguinal hernias. The concept that a hernia was caused by “a rupture of the peritoneum” was common at that time. Camper concluded that this was incorrect and provided a clear description of the etiology of hernias in children and adults. For the treatment of inguinal hernias, he designed a truss based on the geometrical proportions of the pelvis. This “truss of Camper” was much used and internationally renowned. His anatomical studies and perfect, self‐drawn illustrations contributed to a better understanding of the anatomy of the inguinal canal, on the national as well as international level. Camper’s “Icones Herniarum” is his most widely known work on inguinal hernias and included a series of outstanding anatomical illustrations. Petrus Camper should be considered one of the pioneers in the field of inguinal hernias.
Improved Operating Room Teamwork via SAFETY Prep: A Rural Community Hospital’s Experience
Authors: Paige John T. , Aaron Deborah L. , Yang Tong , Howell D. Shannon , Chauvin Sheila W. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBackgroundEffective teamwork contributes to patient safety in the operating room (OR). For the busy rural surgeon, enhancing OR teamwork can be difficult. This manuscript describes results from the initial implementation of a preoperative briefing protocol at a rural community hospital.MethodsFrom July 2006 to February 2007, teamwork among OR staff working with a single general surgeon at a rural hospital in Alaska was evaluated before and after introduction of a preoperative briefing protocol. After each case, participants completed a questionnaire applying a 6‐point Likert‐type scale targeting effectiveness of both the preoperative briefing and OR team interaction. Mean values were calculated from 20 cases before introduction of the preoperative briefing and from another 16 cases after its introduction. Statistical analysis of the difference between pre‐ and post‐protocol team performance was conducted with Student’s t test. Mean procedure times were calculated for matched cases pre‐ and post‐intervention and were compared with Wilcoxon’s exact test.ResultsTen members of the OR staff, including the general surgeon, completed both pre‐ and post‐protocol questionnaires. Four additional members of the OR staff completed only pre‐protocol questionnaires, and three additional members of the OR staff completed only post‐protocol questionnaires. After implementation of the preoperative briefing protocol, the mean score of overall preoperative briefing was 1.01 units higher than before (p < 0.0001), and overall OR team interaction was 0.50 units higher (p < 0.0001). The overall mean post‐intervention procedure time was shorter than the overall mean pre‐intervention procedure time (31 ± 12 min versus 50 ± 18 min) for four categories of matched cases. Because of the small sample size, statistical significance was not achieved (p = 0.057).ConclusionsImplementation of a preoperative briefing protocol improved overall preoperative briefing and OR team interaction in the study setting. These findings are encouraging for enhancing teamwork and patient safety through implementation of a systematic protocol.
Management of Cystic Echinococcosis Complications and Dissemination: Where is the Evidence?
Authors: Dziri Chadli , Haouet Karim , Fingerhut Abe , Zaouche Abdeljelil 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis systematic review was designed to provide “evidence‐based” answers to identify the best treatment for a complicated hydatid cyst of the liver and the appropriate management of disseminated cystic echinococcosis. An extensive electronic search of the relevant literature was performed using Medline and the Cochrane Library. This systematic review enabled us make to determine the best treatment options for the following conditions. Liver hydatid cysts ruptured into the biliary tract: Common bile duct exploration should be conducted using intraoperative cholangiography and choledoscopy. When the biliary tract is cleared of all cystic content, T‐tube drainage should be sufficient. The principal difficulty concerned the management of the large biliocystic fistula: suture or internal transfistulary drainage or fistulization. Medical treatment is indicated in association with surgery for 3 months postoperatively. During the preoperative period, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with preoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) may decrease the incidence of postoperative external fistula. Liver hydatid cysts involving the thorax: An abdominal approach is mandatory when common bile duct drainage is required, and it may be sufficient to treat a direct rupture into bronchi. An acute abdomen, owing to Liver hydatid cysts ruptured into peritoneum, requires an emergent operation. Medical treatment should be associated. Cystic echinococcosis of the lung: Surgery is still the main therapeutic option to remove the cyst, suture bronchial fistula if necessary, followed by capitonnage. Osseous cystic echinococcosis: Wide surgical excision is recommended. Cystic echinococcosis of the heart: Cystopericystectomy is the “gold standard” procedure but is sometimes unsuitable for particular sites. Cystic echinococcosis of the kidney: Cystectomy with pericystectomy is feasible in 75% of cases; nephrectomy must be reserved for destroyed kidney. Multiple associated cystic echinococcosis locations: Complicated cysts should be treated with high priority. In case of several cysts in the liver, spleen, and peritoneum, removal of all cysts in the same intervention is indicated when there is no threat to the life of the patient. Otherwise, a planned reoperation should be considered.