bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightning Safety Awareness of Visitors in Three California National Parks
Authors: Weichenthal Lori , Allen Jacoby , Davis Kyle P. , Campagne Danielle , Snowden Brandy , Hughes Susan 
Published: July 2011

Objective To assess the level of lightning safety awareness among visitors at 3 national parks in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. Methods A 12-question, short answer convenience sample survey was administered to participants 18 years of age and over concerning popular trails and points of interest with known lightning activity. There were 6 identifying questions and 5 knowledge-based questions pertaining to lightning that were scored on a binary value of 0 or 1 for a total of 10 points for the survey instrument. Volunteers in Fresno, California, were used as a control group. Participants were categorized as Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park (SEKI), frontcountry (FC), or backcountry (BC); Yosemite National Park (YNP) FC or BC; and Fresno. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences between groups. Results 467 surveys were included for analysis: 77 in Fresno, 192 in SEKI, and 198 in YNP. National park participants demonstrated greater familiarity with lightning safety than individuals from the metropolitan community (YNP 5.84 and SEKI 5.65 vs Fresno 5.14, P = .0032). There were also differences noted between the BC and FC subgroups (YNP FC 6.07 vs YNP BC 5.62, P = .02; YNP FC 6.07 vs SEKI FC 5.58, P = .02). Overall results showed that participants had certain basic lightning knowledge but lacked familiarity with other key lightning safety recommendations. Conclusions While there are statistically significant differences in lightning safety awareness between national parks and metropolitan participants, the clinical impact of these findings are debatable. This study provides a starting point for providing educational outreach to visitors in these national parks.
Signo Dicti Collegii: Instruction for a Fourteenth-century Corporate Badge for the College of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Authors: Geldof Mark Ryan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe 1350 foundation statutes for the College of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, contain unique provisions for a corporate signum or badge. The badge was specifically assigned to the college by its founder, William Bateman, Bishop of Norwich (1289–1355). Over time Bateman's personal arms replaced this signum in identifying the college and its property. The badge is often called Bateman's personal badge, but this is not supported by the statutes of the college or by the evidence of the badge's use in surviving books in the college library. The instructions for the college signum and its specific function in the marking of the college's books represents an interesting development in the indication of corporate, rather than personal, ownership using heraldic insignia. This paper discusses Bateman's instructions for the college signum and the evolution of the Trinity Hall arms.
The Iron Age of the Mun Valley, Thailand
Authors: Higham C F W 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe archaeological landscape of the Mun River valley in north-east Thailand is dominated by many large, prehistoric settlements. These are easily recognized from the air, since they are encircled by banks and moats. Several of these sites were later occupied under the Angkorian kingdom, and incorporate brick temples. These sites present both an enigma and a challenge. Few have ever been excavated, and then only on a very small scale. This article presents the results of a fifteen-year research programme designed to illuminate the cultural sequences at several sites, investigate the social organization as it changed over time, and to identify the period when the moats and banks were constructed. Three sites have been excavated and a cultural sequence covering more than 2,000 years has been dated. This paper concentrates on the Iron Age (450bc–ad500), a period of effervescent social change that may be linked with population growth, engagement in a maritime trade network that incorporated India and China, the development of militarism and, in due course, the rapid transition into the period of the early states that anticipated the foundation of the kingdom of Angkor.
Cracking the Code: the Warden Abbey Morses, Luxury Metalwork and Patronage at a Cistercian Abbey in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: Carter Michael 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe three copper-gilt and enamel plaques from Warden Abbey are the most important examples of late medieval metalwork from an English Cistercian abbey. They are currently exhibited at the British Museum and dated to the mid-fifteenth century. A reinterpretation of the monograms decorating the plaques allows their patron to be identified as Abbot Walter Clifton (c1377–97). An analysis of the plaques’ style and iconography also suggests a late fourteenth-century date. Clifton's personal devotions and an unusual aspect of the plaques’ iconography can be explained by reference to the spirituality of the Cistercian Order. The plaques’ closest parallel is a roundel decorated with the badge of Richardii. Evidence from inventories and comparison with Continental material suggests that the Warden plaques were, in all probability, morses, used to fasten a cope.
Molecular and catalytic properties of an arginine kinase from the nematodeAscaris suum
Authors: Nagataki M. , Uda K. , Jarilla B.R. , Tokuhiro S. , Wickramasinghe S. , Suzuki T. , Blair D. , Agatsuma T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe amplified the cDNA coding for arginine kinase (AK) from the parasitic nematodeAscaris suum, cloned it in pMAL plasmid and expressed the enzyme as a fusion protein with the maltose-binding protein. The whole cDNA was 1260 bp, encoding 400 amino acids, and the recombinant protein had a molecular mass of 45,341 Da.Ascaris suumrecombinant AK showed significant activity and strong affinity( K _{m}^{Arg} = 0.126\hairsp mM)for the substratel-arginine. It also exhibited high catalytic efficiency( k _{cat}/ K _{m}^{Arg} = 352)comparable with AKs from other organisms. Sequence analysis revealed high amino acid sequence identity betweenA. suumAK and other nematode AKs, all of which cluster in a phylogenetic tree. However, comparison of gene structures showed thatA. suumAK gene intron/exon organization is quite distinct from that of other nematode AKs. Phosphagen kinases (PKs) from certain parasites have been shown to be potential novel drug targets or tools for detection of infection. The characterization ofA. suumAK will be useful in the development of strategies for control not only ofA. suumbut also of related species infecting humans.
Terramechanics-based wheel–terrain interaction model and its applications to off-road wheeled mobile robots
Authors: Jia Zhenzhong , Smith William , Peng Huei 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents a wheel–terrain interaction model, which enables efficient modeling of wheeled locomotion in soft soil and numerical simulations of off-road mobile robots. This modular model is derived based on wheel kinematics and terramechanics and the main focus is on describing the stress distributions along the wheel–terrain interface and the reaction forces exerted on the wheel by the soil. When the wheels are steered, the shear stresses underneath the wheel were modeled based on isotropic assumptions. The forces and torques contributed by the bulldozing effect of the side surfaces is also considered in the proposed model. Furthermore, the influence of grousers, commonly used on smaller mobile robots, was modeled by (1) averaging the normal pressures contributed by the grousers and the wheel concave portion, and (2) assuming that the shear phenomenon takes places along the grouser tips. By integrating the model with multibody system code for vehicle dynamics, simulation studies of various off-road conditions in three-dimensional environments can be conducted. The model was verified by using field experiment data, both for a single-wheel vehicle and a whole vehicle.
State adjustment of redundant robot manipulator based on quadratic programming
Authors: Li Kene , Zhang Yunong 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYTo achieve desired configuration, a scheme for state adjustment of a redundant robot manipulator with no end-effector task explicitly assigned and referred to as a state-adjustment scheme is proposed in this paper. Owing to the physical limits in an actual robot manipulator, both joint and joint-velocity limits are incorporated into the proposed scheme for practical purposes. In addition, the proposed state-adjustment scheme is formulated as a quadratic program and resolved at the joint-velocity level. A numerical computing algorithm based on the conversion technique of the quadratic program to linear variational inequalities is presented to address the robot state-adjustment scheme. By employing the state-adjustment scheme, the robot manipulator can automatically move to the desired configuration from any initial configuration with the movement kept within its physical limits. Computer simulation and experimental results using a practical six-link planar robot manipulator with variable joint-velocity limits further verify the realizability, effectiveness, accuracy, and flexibility of the proposed state-adjustment scheme.
Aging and the Body: A Review
Authors: Clarke Laura Hurd , Korotchenko Alexandra 
Published: July 2011

RÉSUMÉDans cet article, nous examinons les recherches socioculturelles existantes et la théorie concernant le corps vieillissant. En particulier, nous examinons l’image du corps et la littérature de l’incarnation et discutons de ce qui est connu de la façon dont les aînés perçoivent et sentent l’expérience de leur corps vieillissants. Nous analysons comment l’image du corps est influencée par l’âge, la culture, l’origine ethnique, le sexe, l’état de santé, les préferences sexuelles, et la classe sociale. En outre, nous avons élaboré de façon critique la littérature comme mode de réalisation qui a trait aux expériences de la maladie, la sexualité, la gestion quotidienne du corps vieillissante, le travail avec l’apparence et l’identité incarnée. En présentant les principales conclusions, les débats théoriques, et les divergences de fond qui sont présentes dans la recherche et dans la théorie de l’image corporelle et l’incarnation, nous avons identifié les lacunes dans la littérature et avons prévu des axes d’enquête requises à l’avenir.
‘FORGIVE US OUR DEBTS’: VIEWING THE LIFE AND CAREER OF JOHANN FRIEDRICH FASCH (1688–1758) THROUGH THE LENS OF FINANCE
Authors: REUL BARBARA M. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThis article traces the financial profile of Johann Friedrich Fasch, Kapellmeister of Anhalt-Zerbst from 1722 to 1758, in order to gain a better understanding of how an early eighteenth-century German court musician tried to manage his money. Factors that contributed to his debt problems ranged from personal choices, matters of faith and the need to maintain a certain standard of living as director of music, to the varying degrees of financial support offered by his employers. The period during which he first began incurring debts – his student days in Leipzig – will be examined prior to viewing his professional career path through the lens of finance, beginning with Fasch's first official appointment in Gera in 1715 and ending with his death in Zerbst in 1758. Finally, understanding the extent to which Fasch's personal debts affected his productivity as a composer means not only dealing with the ‘Music-Wechsel’ that he organized and the contents of the court's ‘Concert-Stube’ music inventory from 1743, but also considering Fasch's overall work ethic and integrity as a musician.
Copyright and e‐learning: professors' level of knowledge about the new Spanish law
Authors: Carlos Fernández‐Molina J. , Muriel E. , Vives‐Gracia J. , Riera P. , Martín O. 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the level of knowledge, among university professors, about copyright problems related to e‐learning activities.Design/methodology/approachAn online questionnaire was used to survey professors teaching subjects online.FindingsThere is a considerable lack of knowledge on the part of professors regarding copyright issues, both in general terms and in specific matters related to digital learning. Strong discrepancies are found between the text of the law and the notion actually held by professors as to how legislators have formulated the law.Originality/valueThis information may be useful for professors themselves as well as for persons managing the e‐learning platforms of universities. It demonstrates that the law was reformed without any discussion with those actually engaged in online teaching.
Information limits: definition, typology and types
Authors: Świgoń Marzena 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis paper seeks to organize the extensive field and to compile the complete list of information limits.Design/methodology/approachA thorough analysis of literature from the field beginning with the 1960s up to the present has been performed.FindingsA universal typology of information limits has been proposed. A list of barriers mentioned in the literature of the subject has been compiled.Research limitations/implicationsThe term “information limits” is not commonly used.Originality/valueThe complete list of information limits with bibliographical hints (helpful for future research) is presented.
Information literacy in university library user education
Authors: Chen Kuan‐nien , Lin Pei‐chun 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to determine the essential features of information literacy; what role it should play in university library user education; and how programs can be best implemented.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers systemically surveyed and reviewed publications related to information literacy and library user education.FindingsIt was found that a well‐designed information literacy program benefits the library and its staff, faculty, and students; librarians should play a leading role in the design and operation of programs, but collaboration with faculty, IT professionals and students is essential; programs should be embedded in the curriculum, be largely cooperative, and be problem‐based; evaluation and assessment are essential components; emphasis should be placed on first‐year students; and, ideally, the librarians will turn into educators and the library will become a learning center combining learning, research and technology.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper reflects the opinions of the researchers and the authors of the reviewed literature who have insights into the issues related to information literacy and library user education. These opinions present useful guidelines for both librarian and teacher practitioners.Originality/valueThis paper provides a point of view on the relationship between information literacy and library user education in the six themes described above.
A comparison of link and URL citation counting
Authors: Thelwall Mike 
Published: July 2011

PurposeLink analysis is an established topic within webometrics. It normally uses counts of links between sets of web sites or to sets of web sites. These link counts are derived from web crawlers or commercial search engines with the latter being the only alternative for some investigations. This paper compares link counts with URL citation counts in order to assess whether the latter could be a replacement for the former if the major search engines withdraw their advanced hyperlink search facilities.Design/methodology/approachURL citation counts are compared with link counts for a variety of data sets used in previous webometric studies.FindingsThe results show a high degree of correlation between the two but with URL citations being much less numerous, at least outside academia and business.Research limitations/implicationsThe results cover a small selection of 15 case studies and so the findings are only indicative. Significant differences between results indicate that the difference between link counts and URL citation counts will vary between webometric studies.Practical implicationsShould link searches be withdrawn, then link analyses of less well linked non‐academic, non‐commercial sites would be seriously weakened, although citations based on e‐mail addresses could help to make citations more numerous than links for some business and academic contexts.Originality/valueThis is the first systematic study of the difference between link counts and URL citation counts in a variety of contexts and it shows that there are significant differences between the two.
FIB‐SEM investigation of trapped intermetallic particles in anodic oxide films on AA1050 aluminium
Authors: Jariyaboon M. , Møller P. , Dunin‐Borkowski R.E. , Ambat R. 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this investigation is to understand the structure of trapped intermetallics particles and localized composition changes in the anodized anodic oxide film on AA1050 aluminium substrates.Design/methodology/approachThe morphology and composition of Fe‐containing intermetallic particles incorporated into the anodic oxide films on industrially pure aluminium (AA1050, 99.5 per cent) has been investigated. AA1050 aluminium was anodized in a 100 ml/l sulphuric acid bath with an applied voltage of 14 V at 20°C ±2°C for 10 or 120 min. The anodic film subsequently was analyzed using focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM), SEM, and EDX.FindingsThe intermetallic particles in the substrate material consisted of Fe or both Fe and Si with two different structures: irregular and round shaped. FIB‐SEM cross‐sectioned images revealed that the irregular‐shaped particles were embedded in the anodic oxide film as a thin strip structure and located near the top surface of the film, whereas the round‐shaped particles were trapped in the film with a spherical structure, but partially dissolved and were located throughout the thickness of the anodic film. The Fe/Si ratio of the intermetallic particles decreased after anodizing.Originality/valueThis paper shows that dual beam FIB‐SEM seems to be an easy, less time consuming and useful method to characterize the cross‐sectioned intermetallic particles incorporated in anodic film on aluminium.
A phenomenological model for the chloride threshold of pitting corrosion of steel in simulated concrete pore solutions
Authors: Shi Xianming , Anh Nguyen Tuan , Kumar Prathish , Liu Yajun 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThis work seeks to present a systematic study that aimed to provide quantitative understanding of the fundamental factors that influence the chloride threshold of pitting corrosion of steel in concrete, by conducting a set of laboratory tests to assess the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and pitting potential (Epit) of steel coupons in simulated concrete pore solutions.Design/methodology/approachWith the aid of artificial neural network, the laboratory data were used to establish a phenomenological model correlating the influential factors (total chloride concentration, chloride binding, solution pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration) with the pitting risk (characterized by Ecorr−Epit). Three‐dimensional response surfaces were then constructed to illustrate such predicted correlations and to shed light on the complex interactions between various influential factors.FindingsThe results indicate that the threshold [Cl−]/[OH−] of steel rebar in simulated concrete pore solutions is a function of DO concentration, pH and chloride binding, instead of a unique value.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations and implications of the research findings were also discussed.Practical implicationsThis research could have significant practical implications in predicting the service life of new or existing reinforced concrete in chloride‐laden environments.Originality/valueThis study further advances the knowledge base relevant to the chloride‐induced corrosion of steel rebar in concrete.
Increasing the frequency of breakfast consumption
Authors: Kothe Emily J. , Mullan Barbara 
Published: July 2011

PurposeA number of interventions aimed at increasing breakfast consumption have been designed and implemented in recent years. This paper seeks to review the current research in this area with the aim of identifying common features of successful interventions and strengths and weaknesses in the current research methodology.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of interventions aimed at increasing breakfast‐eating frequency in a non‐clinical sample was conducted.FindingsA total of 11 interventions were identified and reviewed; of these, only three resulted in an increase in breakfast consumption at follow‐up. The three studies that were successful in changing breakfast consumption all included a psychosocial component that was successful in increasing positive attitudes towards nutrition in the intervention protocol. Many of the breakfast‐eating interventions included in this review have methodological weaknesses, including difficulties in implementing interventions, small sample sizes, and selection biases, which future researchers should consider when designing and evaluating their own interventions.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings highlight the importance of including psychosocial components in interventions designed to increase breakfast consumption, while also signalling issues that should be addressed when designing and reporting future interventions.Originality/valueThis review was the first to investigate the efficacy of interventions aimed at increasing breakfast consumption. The identification of weaknesses in the current body of research, and of successful and unsuccessful intervention practices is an important step in developing successful interventions in the future.
Networks and organisational learning: evidence from broiler production
Authors: Martino Gaetano , Polinori Paolo 
Published: July 2011

PurposeThe aim of this study is to the test the hypothesis that a network involved in the division of labour can contribute to individual skills creation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is divided into two parts. First, it proposes and examines the fundamental of the hypothesis. In the second part, it reports the results of the investigation designed to test the hypothesis.FindingsThe hypothesis that task specification in organisational learning influences skills creation cannot be rejected. The evidence indicates that information on network integration of task specifications engages agents in problem solving and promotes skills creation according to opportunities of interaction in a structured context.Originality/valueThis study tests the hypothesis that a network involved in the division of labour can contribute to individual skills creation.