bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 41 Glaciogenic and related strata of the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation in the Panamint Range, Death Valley region, California
Authors: Petterson Ryan , Prave Anthony R. , Wernicke Brian P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Glaciogenic deposits in the Death Valley region occur within the Neoproterozoic Kingston Peak Formation (Fm.). In the Panamint Range, immediately west of Death Valley, the formation is as much as 1000 m thick and is continuously exposed for nearly 100 km along the strike of the range. Although the strata are variably metamorphosed and locally exhibit pronounced ductile strain, original sedimentary textures are well preserved in many places. Diamictite occurs in two distinct intervals, a lower one comprising the Limekiln Spring and Surprise members, and an upper one, the Wildrose Sub-member of the South Park Member. Lonestones, bullet-shaped and striated clasts, and rare dropstones within these members, along with the impressive lateral continuity of diamictic units, support a glacial origin. Both diamictic intervals are succeeded by well-defined carbonates, the oldest is the Sourdough Member of the Kingston Peak Fm. and the younger one is the Sentinel Peak Member of the overlying Noonday Dolomite. The stratigraphic succession between the Sourdough Member and the Wildrose Sub-member (i.e. the Middle Park, Mountain Girl and Thorndike sub-members of the South Park Member) is
c.
300 m thick and includes lithologies recording deposition in braided fluvial to platform carbonate settings. Lithostratigraphic and chemostratigraphic profiles of δ
13
C for the Sourdough (–3‰ to +2‰, increasing upward) and Sentinel Peak (–3‰ ±1‰) members suggest correlation with, respectively, the older Cryogenian (commonly referred to as ‘Sturtian’ in previous literature) and younger Cryogenian (commonly referred to as ‘Marinoan’ in previous literature) cap-carbonate sequences recognized worldwide. Potentially economic uranium deposits (secondary brannerite) occur in graphitic schist of the Limekiln Spring Member and sub-economic uranium and thorium (hosted by detrital monazite) occur within quartz-pebble conglomerate in the South Park Member. The Kingston Peak Fm. strata in the Panamint Range contain no fossils, radiometric age control or primary magnetizations.
Chapter 44 The Chiquerío Formation, southern Peru
Authors: Chew David , Kirkland Christopher 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The Chiquerío Formation (Fm.) is a thick glaciogenic succession deposited unconformably on gneisses of the Arequipa massif in southern Peru. It has undergone greenschist facies metamorphism during Early Palaeozoic orogenesis. The Chiquerío Fm. consists of nearly 400 m of diamictite, sandstone, mudstone and carbonate, with a thin (11 m) cap dolostone at the top of the formation. It is overlain by the San Juan Fm., a 2-km-thick carbonate succession. The thick glacially influenced succession was deposited in deep marine conditions and consists mainly of massive diamictites (representing either ice-rafted debris or submarine debris flows) interbedded with turbiditic sandstones. Where internal lamination is present (e.g. bedding in the turbiditic packages), abundant dropstones can be recognized. There is no evidence of shallow marine reworking of the succession. No absolute age constraints on the depositional timing of the Chiquerío Fm. exist, because no volcanic tuffs have yet been identified. U–Pb dating of detrital zircons (U–Th–Pb SIMS) from the Chiquerío Fm. and the overlying San Juan Fm. suggest it is autochthonous with respect to Amazonia, as the detrital zircon age spectra suggest derivation from the Amazonian craton. Detrital grains as young as
c.
700 Ma have been documented in the post-glacial San Juan Fm. The sparse (chemo)stratigraphic data available for the Chiquerío Fm. exhibit patterns similar to those observed generally in Neoproterozoic post-glacial carbonate sequences. Palaeogeographic models for the deposition of the Chiquerío Fm. are critically dependent on the timing of the docking of the basement of the Arequipa massif with the South American craton (Amazonia). Presently there are no palaeomagnetic constraints. More research on the chronological and palaeogeographical constraints of this succession is required.

Supplementary material:
Data are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18479
.
Chapter 5 Chemical sediments associated with Neoproterozoic glaciation: iron formation, cap carbonate, barite and phosphorite
Authors: Hoffman Paul F. , Macdonald Francis A. , Halverson Galen P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Orthochemical sediments associated with Neoproterozoic glaciation have prominence beyond their volumetric proportions because of the insights they provide on the nature of glaciation and the records they hold of the environment in which they were precipitated. Synglacial Fe formations are mineralogically simple (haematite jaspilite), and their trace element spectra resemble modern seawater, with a weaker hydrothermal signature than Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic Fe formations. Lithofacies associations implicate subglacial meltwater plumes as the agents of Fe(II) oxidation, and temporal oscillations in the plume flux as the cause of alternating Fe- and Mn-oxide deposits. Most if not all Neoproterozoic examples belong to the older Cryogenian (Sturtian) glaciation. Older and younger Cryogenian (Marinoan) cap carbonates are distinct. Only the younger have well-developed transgressive cap dolostones, which were laid down during the rise in global mean sea level resulting from ice-sheet meltdown. Marinoan cap dolostones have a suite of unusual sedimentary structures, indicating abnormal palaeoenvironmental conditions during their deposition. Assuming the meltdown of ice-sheets was rapid, cap dolostones were deposited from surface waters dominated by buoyant glacial meltwater, within and beneath which microbial activity probably catalysed dolomite nucleation. Former aragonite seafloor cement (crystal fans) found in deeper water limestone above Marinoan cap dolostones indicates carbonate oversaturation at depth, implying extreme concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon. Barite is associated with a number of Marinoan cap dolostones, either as digitate seafloor cement associated with Fe-dolomite at the top of the cap dolostone, or as early diagenetic void-filling cement associated with tepee or tepee-like breccias. Seafloor barite marks a redoxcline in the water column across which euxinic Ba-rich waters upwelled, causing simultaneous barite titration and Fe(III) reduction. Phosphatic stromatolites, shrub-like structures and coated grains are associated with a glacioisostatically induced exposure surface on a cap dolostone in the NE of the West African craton, but this appears to be a singular occurrence of phosphorite formed during a Neoproterozoic deglaciation.
Chapter 55 Glacial sediments and associated strata of the Polarisbreen Group, northeastern Svalbard
Authors: Halverson Galen P. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Northeastern Svalbard hosts exceptionally well-preserved Neoproterozoic sediments. The glaciogenic Petrovbreen Member and Wilsonbreen Formation (Fm.) of the Polarisbreen Group crop out in a narrow, Caledonian-aged fold-and-thrust belt spanning from Olav V Land on Spitsbergen in the south to western Nordaustlandet in the north. The older Petrovbreen Member is thin (0–52 m) and patchily preserved, comprising mainly poorly stratified, dolomite-matrix diamictite likely deposited in a marine setting. The basal contact of the Petrovbreen Member erosionally truncates the upper Russøya Member, which preserves a large (12‰) negative C-isotope anomaly. The Petrovbreen Member is overlain by 200 m of dark, monotonous shales of the MacDonaldryggen Member, followed by cherty dolomite grainstone and microbiolamintes of the Slangen Member. The upper Slangen Member is an exposure surface in the southern part of the belt, but in northern Spitsbergen and on Nordaustlandet is transitional into sands of the northward-thickening Bråvika Member. The Wilsonbreen Fm. is typically 100–150 m thick and consists mostly of massively to poorly stratified diamictite, with subordinate sand beds, conglomerate lenses, and carbonates deposited in a terrestrial environment. It is overlain by the colourful Dracoisen Fm., which records, at its base, a typical post-glacial negative δ
13
C anomaly. There are no direct radiometric age constraints or reliable palaeomagnetic data from the Polarisbreen Group, but it is widely accepted that northeastern Svalbard was contiguous with East Greenland during the Neoproterozoic.
Chapter 59 Neoproterozoic glaciation of South Norway: from continental interior to rift and pericratonic basins in western Baltica
Authors: Nystuen Johan P. , Lamminen Jarkko T. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Neoproterozoic glacial deposits of South Norway comprise the Moelv and Koppang formations. The former occurs on Baltican crystalline basement in autochthonous position at the Caledonian erosional nappe front, on basement windows and basement thrust sheets in the Caledonian nappe region, and in thick sedimentary successions in the allochthonous Hedmark and Valdres rift basins. The Koppang Formation (Fm.) occurs on top of platform carbonates in the allochthonous pericratonic Engerdalen Basin. The glacial deposits are dominated by diamictite interpreted as basal till from warm-based grounded ice, whereas stratified successions of diamictite beds, sandstone and laminated siltstone with outsized stones represent local ice-margin deposits and/or subglacially infilled water bodies, and the final glaciomarine stage. Palinspastic reconstruction of Caledonian nappe complexes carrying the glacial formations indicates that the glacial deposits were deposited over a wide area by a large western Baltoscandian ice sheet, probably during the Gaskiers (
c.
580 Ma) glacial event (or events), but the age of the glaciation in South Norway needs to be better constrained.
Chapter 60 Evidence for late Neoproterozoic glaciation in the central Scandinavian Caledonides
Authors: Kumpulainen Risto A. , Greiling Reinhard O. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The Långmarkberg Formation (Fm). rests on either the Neoproterozoic rift-related Risbäck Group or Palaeoproterozoic basement in central Scandinavia. It is always succeeded in stratigraphy by the marine Gärdsjön Fm. The Långmarkberg Fm. is a thin, generally less than 50-m-thick, discontinuous, but persistent unit, primarily in the Lower Allochthon; subordinately also in the Autochthon, and Middle Allochthon of the central Scandinavian Caledonides. The formation is composed of a lower diamictite and an upper laminated, lonestone-bearing mudstone.

Criteria supporting the glaciogenic origin of the formation are (i) a large regional extension of the formation (>5000 km
2
) and (ii) its fixed position in the regional stratigraphy, (iii) the ‘tillite-like’ appearance of the lower part of the formation, (iv) the lonestone-bearing mudstone in the upper part, (v) the presence of striated clasts and (vi) striated pavement. It is interpreted as having formed during one single glacial–deglacial cycle.

Information on chemostratigraphy and realistic geochronology from this region is missing. The Långmarkberg Fm. has commonly been correlated with the Moelv Fm. in southern Norway and the Mortensnes Fm. in northernmost Norway. The Lower Allochthon in this region also contains an older, potentially glacially influenced diamictite unit at the base of the Risbäck Group, which is also briefly discussed.
Chapter 61 The Neoproterozoic glaciogenic Lillfjället Formation, southern Swedish Caledonides
Authors: Kumpulainen Risto A. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The Tossåsfjället Group, which crops out in the Middle Allochthon of the Scandinavian Caledonides, contains the glaciogenic Lillfjället Fm. Evidence that supports the interpretation of the Lillfjället formations as glacially related include the presence of diamictite beds, the presence of lonestones, although few, in laminated units, one possible faceted clast, involution-like deformation structures, and the presence of sandstone wedges cutting 2.5–3 m down into two different diamictite beds. Similar to the other glaciogenic formations in southern and central Scandinavia (Moelv and Långmarkberg formations), the Lillfjället Fm. rests on a unit of peritidal, sabkha-type dolomite of the Storån Fm. Poor exposure contributes to the uncertainty about the thickness of the formation. In this account, the Lillfjället Fm. stratigraphy has been divided into three subunits: (i) a lower diamictite-dominated unit, (ii) a middle unit composed of distinctly laminated grey sandy mudstone and (iii) an upper diamictite-dominated unit. There is no information available from the Tossåsfjället Group concerning palaeolatitudes and chemostratigraphy. Poor isotopic evidence (
40
Ar/
39
Ar) from the Ottfjället Dolerites, which cut the Tossåsfjället Group, indicates that the succession is older than
c.
665 Ma, so a reliable correlation with global glaciation events is not yet possible.
Chapter 8 Biostratigraphy and stratigraphic subdivision of Cryogenian successions of Australia in a global context
Authors: Grey Kathleen , Hill Andrew C. , Calver Clive 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Cryogenian correlation in Australia is based on an extensive data set from the Centralian Superbasin and Adelaide Rift Complex and integrates biostratigraphy and isotope chemostratigraphy to provide a three-dimensional interpretation based on outcrop and drill holes. Studies are ongoing, but newer data are consistent with the distributions discussed here. From the chemostratigraphic and biostratigraphic viewpoint, the first appearance of the acritarch
Cerebrosphaera buickii
, coupled with a large negative isotope excursion at
c.
800 Ma, supported by the first appearance of the stromatolite
Baicalia burra
, seems to have potential for boundary placement. It is widely recognized across Australia and seems to have potential globally.
CDKN2A/BAlterations Impair Prognosis in AdultBCR-ABL1–Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients
Authors: Iacobucci Ilaria , Ferrari Anna , Lonetti Annalisa , Papayannidis Cristina , Paoloni Francesca , Trino Stefania , Storlazzi Clelia Tiziana , Ottaviani Emanuela , Cattina Federica , Impera Luciana , Abbenante Maria Chiara , Vignetti Marco , Vitale Antonella , Potenza Leonardo , Paolini Stefania , Soverini Simona , Pane Fabrizio , Luppi Mario , Foà Robin , Baccarani Michele , Martinelli Giovanni 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose: The 9p21 locus, encoding three important tumor suppressors (p16/CDKN2A, p14/ARF, and p15/CDKN2B), is a major target of inactivation in the pathogenesis of many human tumors.Patients and Methods: To explore, at high resolution, the frequency and size of alterations affecting this locus in adult BCR-ABL1–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to investigate their prognostic value, 112 patients (101 de novo and 11 relapsed cases) were analyzed by genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and gene candidate deep exon sequencing. Paired diagnosis–relapse samples were further available and analyzed for 19 (19%) cases.Results: CDKN2A/ARF and CDKN2B genomic alterations were identified in 29% and 25% of newly diagnosed patients, respectively. Deletions were monoallelic in 72% of cases, and in 43% of them, the minimal overlapping region of the lost area spanned only the CDKN2A/B gene locus. An analysis conducted at relapse showed an increase in the detection rate of CDKN2A/ARF loss (47%) compared with the time of diagnosis (P = 0.06). Point mutations within the 9p21 locus were found at very low levels, with only a nonsynonymous substitution in the exon 2 of CDKN2A. Of note, deletions of CDKN2A/B were significantly associated with poor outcomes in terms of overall survival (P = 0.0206), disease free-survival (P = 0.0010), and cumulative incidence of relapse (P = 0.0014).Conclusions: Inactivation of the 9p21 locus by genomic deletion is a frequent event in BCR-ABL1–positive ALL. Deletions are frequently acquired during leukemia progression and are a poor prognostic marker of long-term outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 17(23); 7413–23. ©2011 AACR.
Evaluation of the Antitumor Effects and Mechanisms of PF00299804, a Pan-HER Inhibitor, Alone or in Combination with Chemotherapy or Targeted Agents in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Nam Hyun-Jin , Ching Keith A. , Kan Julie , Kim Hwang-Phill , Han Sae-Won , Im Seock-Ah , Kim Tae-You , Christensen James G. , Oh Do-Youn , Bang Yung-Jue 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecently, HER2-directed treatment, such as trastuzumab, has shown clinical benefit in HER2-amplified gastric cancer. On the basis of recent studies about epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or HER2-targeting agents (including gefitinib, lapatinib, and trastuzumab) in gastric cancer, the potent effects of pan-HER inhibitors targeting the HER family are anticipated. In this study, we evaluated the activity and mechanisms of PF00299804, an irreversible pan-HER inhibitor, in gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo models. PF00299804 showed significant growth-inhibitory effects in HER2-amplified gastric cancer cells (SNU216, N87), and it had lower 50% inhibitory concentration values compared with other EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, including gefitinib, lapatinib, BIBW-2992, and CI-1033. PF00299804 induced apoptosis and G1 arrest and inhibited phosphorylation of receptors in the HER family and downstream signaling pathways including STAT3, AKT, and extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERK) in HER2-amplified gastric cancer cells. PF00299804 also blocked EGFR/HER2, HER2/HER3, and HER3/HER4 heterodimer formation as well as the association of HER3 with p85α in SNU216 cells. The combination of PF00299804 with clinically relevant chemotherapeutic agents or molecular-targeted agents including trastuzumab (an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody), CP751871 (an IGF1R inhibitor), PD0325901 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), and PF04691502 (a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor) produced synergistic effects. These findings indicate that PF00299804 can be used as a targeted therapy for the treatment of HER2-amplified gastric cancer through inhibition of HER family heterodimer formation and may augment antitumor efficacy of chemotherapeutic and/or molecular-targeted agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(2); 439–51. ©2011 AACR.
Remote Influence of the Tropical Atlantic on the Variability and Trend in North West Australia Summer Rainfall
Authors: Lin Zhongda , Li Yun 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Rainfall in North West Australia (NWA) has been increasing over the past decades, occurring mainly in the austral summer season (December–March). A range of factors such as decreased land albedo in Australia and increasing anthropogenic aerosols in the Northern Hemisphere, identified using simulations from climate models, have been implicated in this wetting trend. However, the impact of land albedo and aerosols on Australian rainfall remains unclear. In addition, previous studies showed that dominant sea surface temperature (SST) signals in the Pacific–Indian Ocean including El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), ENSO Modoki, and the Indian Ocean dipole mode have no significant impact on the NWA rainfall trend. The present study proposes another viewpoint on the remote influence of tropical Atlantic atmospheric vertical motion on the observed rainfall variability and trend in NWA.
It is found that, with the atmospheric ascent instigated by the warming of SST over the tropical Atlantic, a Rossby wave train is emanating southeastward from off the west coast of subtropical South America to the midlatitudes of the South Atlantic Ocean. It then travels eastward embedded in the westerly jet waveguide over the South Atlantic and South Indian Oceans. The eastward-propagated Rossby wave induces an anticyclonic anomaly in the upper troposphere over Australia, which is at the exit of the westerly jet waveguide. This leads to an in situ upper-tropospheric divergence, ascending motion and a lower-tropospheric convergence, and the associated increase in rainfall in NWA. Thus, the increasing trend in atmospheric upward motion induced by the warming trend of SST in the tropical Atlantic may partially explain the observed rainfall trend in NWA.
Functional Treatment After Surgical Repair for Acute Lateral Ligament Disruption of the Ankle in Athletes
Authors: Takao Masato , Miyamoto Wataru , Matsui Kentaro , Sasahara Jun , Matsushita Takashi 
Published: December 2011

Background: There have been several reports showing 20% to 40% failure after nonoperative functional treatment for acute lateral ligament disruption of the ankle. Hypothesis: Functional treatment after primary surgical repair has the advantage of decreasing the failure rate in comparison with functional treatment alone. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 132 feet of 132 patients were included in this study. Of these, 78 patients were treated with functional treatment alone (group F), and the remaining 54 patients were treated with functional treatment after primary surgical repair (group RF). The clinical results were evaluated using the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot Ankle-Hindfoot scale (JSSF) score, measuring the talar tilt angle and the anterior displacement of the talus in stress radiography, and noting the elapsed time between the injury and the return to the full athletic activity with no external supports. Results: The mean JSSF scores at 2 years after injury were 95.6 ± 5.0 points in group F and 97.5 ± 2.6 points in group RF ( P = .0669). The differences of the talar tilt angles compared with the contralateral side and displacement of the talus on stress radiography at 2 years after injury were 1.1° ± 1.5° and 3.6 ± 1.6 mm in group F, and 0.8° ± 0.9° and 3.2 ± 0.8 mm in group RF, respectively ( P = .4093, .1883). In group F, 8 cases showed fair to poor results, with JSSF scores below 80 points and instability at 2 years after injury. In group RF, 9 cases (9.4%) showed dorsum foot pain along the superficial peroneal nerve, which disappeared within a month. The time elapsed between the injury and the patient’s return to full athletic activity without any external supports was 16.0 ± 5.6 weeks in group F and 10.1 ± 1.8 weeks in group RF ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Nonoperative functional treatment alone and functional treatment after primary surgical repair showed similar overall results after acute lateral ankle sprain, but functional treatment alone had an approximately 10% failure rate and a slower return to full athletic activity. The authors recommend that treatment be tailored to suit each individual athlete.