bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic‐assisted bariatric surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Gill Richdeep S. , Al‐Adra David P. , Birch Daniel , Hudson Matthew , Shi Xinzhe , Sharma Arya M. , Karmali Shahzeer 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundBariatric laparoscopic surgery has been shown to lead to sustainable weight‐loss in obese individuals. Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery is proposed as the next major evolution in minimally invasive surgery. This study systematically reviews the literature regarding the feasibility and safety of robotic‐assisted bariatric surgery in obese patients.MethodsA comprehensive search of electronic databases was completed for the period 2003 to 2010. Two independent reviewers assessed the studies for relevance, inclusion, and extracted data.ResultsAfter an initial screen of 297 titles, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1253 patients with a mean preoperative body mass index of 46.6 kg/m2 were obtained from 13 included studies. Major complications of malabsorptive procedures included eight anastomotic leaks (2.4%), bleeding (7/349 patients = 2%) and strictures/stenosis (13/430 patients = 3%). There were no reported deaths.ConclusionsThis systematic review demonstrates that robotic‐assisted bariatric surgery is both a safe and feasible option for severely obese patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Membranüberdachung für den historischen Milk Market in Limerick, Irland
Authors: Paech Christoph , Bergermann Rudolf 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIm Zuge einer Modernisierung des denkmalgeschützten Milk Markets in Limerick wurde eine Membranüberdachung entworfen, um zum einen den lokalen Bauernmarkt vor Witterungseinflüssen zu schützen, aber gleichzeitig der Atmosphäre eines Freiluftmarktes nahe zu kommen. Um die Nutzbarkeit des Platzes zu optimieren, wird die 1400 m2 große Membranüberdachung lediglich durch einen exzentrisch angeordneten Mast unterstützt und ist zu den vier Eckpunkten des Innenhofes hin abgespannt, ohne dabei die denkmalgeschützte Bebauung zu berühren.Membrane canopy for the preserved Milk Market in Limerick, Ireland. A membrane canopy has been designed for the historic milk market courtyard in Limerick as part of the refurbishment efforts in order to enable the local farmers market to take place independently from environmental influences but still achieve an outdoor ambience. To optimize the usability of the 1400 m2 covered area, the membrane is supported by just one eccentrically aligned mast and is suspended to the four corners of the courtyard without touching any of the preserved structures.
Instandsetzung einer Geh‐ und Radwegbrücke durch Austausch der Hänger gegen Seile
Authors: Schütz Karl G. , Schmidmeier Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBei der im Folgenden vorgestellten stählernen Geh‐ und Radwegbrücke wurden bereits nach wenigen Jahren an einer Vielzahl von Hängern Anrisse in den unteren Anschlussbereichen gefunden. Im Rahmen von Bauwerksuntersuchungen und ‐überwachungen (Langzeitmessung, Videoüberwachung) konnte letztlich ein relativ regelmäßiges, mutwilliges Aufschaukeln der gut erreichbaren Hänger durch Passanten als Schadensursache identifiziert werden.Ziel der anschließenden Bauwerksinstandsetzung war es, die niedrigen Eigenfrequenzen der Rundstahlhänger in kaum mehr anregbare Bereiche anzuheben. Hierzu wurden die vorhandenen Rundstahlhänger mit einem Durchmesser von 63 mm gegen vollverschlossene Seile mit Durchmessern von 21 bzw. 26 mm aus getauscht. Der Ablauf der Untersuchungen sowie die Ausführung der Instandsetzungsarbeiten werden beschrieben.Repair of a pedestrian bridge by replacing steel‐bar hangers with ropes. After just a few years of service a large number of cracks were detected on the lower hanger attachments of the pedestrian bridge presented below. The examination and observation of the structure (by long‐time measurements and video‐monitoring) ultimately led to the identification of the cause of damage, which was the quite regular and wilful excitation of the easily accessible hangers by pedestrians.The subsequent repair works aimed at increasing the low eigenfrequencies of the hangers into levels, which no longer allowed excitations. To achieve this, the original steelbar hangers, with a diameter of 63 mm, were replaced by locked coil ropes with diameters of 21 and 26 mm. The course of the examinations and the execution of the repair works are described below.
Das neue Schweizer Normenwerk zum Umgang mit bestehenden Tragwerken
Authors: Brühwiler Eugen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMit der Normenreihe SIA 269 stellt der Schweizerische Ingenieur‐ und Architektenverein seinen Mitgliedern ein Hilfsmittel zur Verfügung, das den Umgang mit bestehenden Tragwerken wesentlich verbessern wird und dabei die Kreativität der Ingenieure herausfordert und auch ermöglicht. In diesem Aufsatz wird das neue Normenwerk vorgestellt. Nach der Erläuterung von Grundsätzen und Tätigkeiten werden wesentliche Aspekte bestehender Tragwerke behandelt und mit Beispielen von Stahlbauten von hohem kulturellem Wert illustriert, bei denen bereits in den letzten Jahren die im Normenwerk SIA 269 festgehaltenen Regeln der Baukunde angewendet wurden.The new Swiss Codes for engineering of existing structures. The Schweizerische Ingenieur‐ und Architektenverein (Swiss Society of Engineers and Architects) introduces the series of Codes SIA 269 as a tool that will provide guidance for their members to significantly improve engineering of existing structures. These standards will challenge the civil engineering community and allow for creativity. This paper presents the main content of the SIA 269 codes. Principles and activities are outlined. Main aspects of existing structures are discussed and illustrated by means of examples of existing steel structures of high cultural value which have been rehabilitated over the last few years already applying the state‐of‐the‐art rules as establish now in the Codes SIA 269.
Lap shear tests on adhesive bonds of historic iron and mild steel
Authors: Leen Lauriks , Quentin Collette , Ine Wouters , Jan Belis 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPutty has been used for ages to seal the connection between glass plates and glazing bars in window frames or iron and glass roofs. Nowadays, putty can be replaced by adhesive, to make the two materials structurally work together. To gain insight in the structural behaviour, this article examines the magnitude of the stresses that can be transmitted between glass panels and historic iron which are bonded with modern adhesive.Experiments on single‐lap joints were carried out to determine the influence of parameters, specific for renovation, on the shear strength. The material of the substrate (modern construction steel/19th century mild steel), its surface roughness (obtained by grit blasting) and its treatment (application of zinc‐phosphate epoxy paint) were tested. All substrates were bonded with an MS polymer adhesive. The experiments demonstrated that a variation in surface roughness has a small effect on the average shear strength, which is positive for the renovation practice. However, the time period between grit blasting and bonding/applying a paint layer seemed crucial.Scherversuche an einschnittigen Klebverbindungen von historischen Eisenwerkstoffen und Flussstahl. Seit jeher war Fensterkitt das Material der zur Abdichtung des Übergangs zwischen Glasscheiben und Sprossen in Fensterrahmen oder eisernen Glasdachkonstruktionen. Heutzutage kann Kitt durch Klebstoffe ersetzt werden, um ein strukturelles Zusammenwirken der beiden Werkstoffe zu erreichen. Um Erkenntnisse über das Tragverhalten zu gewinnen, untersucht der vorliegende Aufsatz die Größe der Kräfte, die zwischen Glasscheiben und historischen Eisenwerkstoffen übertragen werden können, die mit einem modernen Klebstoff verbundenen sind.Es wurden Untersuchungen an einschnittigen Verbindungen durchgeführt, um zu ermitteln, welchen Einfluss die für die Ertüchtigung relevanten Parameter auf die Scherfestigkeit haben. Geprüft wurden Eisen‐ bzw. Stahlwerkstoffe (moderner Baustahl/Flussstahl aus dem 19. Jahrhundert), deren Oberflächenrauheit (durch Sandstrahlen erzielt) und Vorbehandlung (Auftrag von Zinkphosphat‐Epoxidharz‐Grundierung). Alle Eisen‐ bzw. Stahlwerkstoffe wurden mit einem MS‐Polymer‐Klebstoff verklebt. Die Versuche ergaben, dass der Grad der Oberflächenrauheit die durchschnittliche Scherfestigkeit nur geringfügig beeinflusst, ein positives Ergebnis im Hinblick auf die Ertüchtigungspraxis. Entscheidend ist dagegen offenbar die Zeitspanne zwischen Sandstrahlen und Kleben/Grundieren.
Instandsetzung des stählernen Glockenstuhls im Ulmer Münster
Authors: Barthel Rainer , Maus Helmut , Löffler Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIm Hauptturm des Ulmer Münsters befindet sich ein stählerner Glockenstuhl aus dem Jahre 1897. Er wurde im Zuge der Vollendung des Turmes im 19. Jahrhundert als Ersatz für einen alten hölzernen Glockenstuhl in den mittelalterlichen Teil des Turmes eingebaut. Es handelt sich um ein für die damalige Zeit hochmodernes und sorgfältig durchkonstruiertes Tragwerk aus genieteten Stahlprofilen. Umfangreiche und vielfältige Korrosionsschäden machten eine umfassende Instandsetzung erforderlich. Dabei waren hohe Anforderungen von Seiten der Denkmalpflege zu erfüllen. Die Originalsubstanz sollte so weit als irgend möglich erhalten werden, der Charakter und das Erscheinungsbild sollten nicht verfremdet werden. Mit Hilfe einer sorgfältigen Schadensaufnahme und ‐analyse konnte ein Instandsetzungskonzept entwickelt werden, das einerseits lokale Schädigungen und statische Beanspruchungen auf differenzierte Weise berücksichtigt, andererseits aber eine formale Einheitlichkeit bewahrt.Repair of the steel belfry in the Ulm Minster, Germany. The famous main tower of Ulm Minster contains a steel bell frame from 1897. Situated in the tower’s medieval part, it was erected during the completion of the tower in the late 19th century as a substitute for an ancient wooden construction. The riveted steel structure of the bell frame shows a very efficient and, in its time, modern design. Due to heavy corrosion on the profiles and joints, a thorough restoration had to be carried out. With view on the exceptional qualities of the structure, one of the main goals was a maximum preservation of the original material as well as of the bell frame’s general character and appearance. Based on a meticulous damage survey, it was possible to develop a restoration considering local damage as well as general structural shortcomings.
Optic Vesicle-like Structures Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Facilitate a Customized Approach to Retinal Disease Treatment
Authors: Meyer Jason S. , Howden Sara E. , Wallace Kyle A. , Verhoeven Amelia D. , Wright Lynda S. , Capowski Elizabeth E. , Pinilla Isabel , Martin Jessica M. , Tian Shulan , Stewart Ron , Pattnaik Bikash , Thomson James A. , Gamm David M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Differentiation methods for human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) typically yield progeny from multiple tissue lineages, limiting their use for drug testing and autologous cell transplantation. In particular, early retina and forebrain derivatives often intermingle in pluripotent stem cell cultures, owing to their shared ancestry and tightly coupled development. Here, we demonstrate that three-dimensional populations of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) can be isolated from early forebrain populations in both human embryonic stem cell and hiPSC cultures, providing a valuable tool for developmental, functional, and translational studies. Using our established protocol, we identified a transient population of optic vesicle (OV)-like structures that arose during a time period appropriate for normal human retinogenesis. These structures were independently cultured and analyzed to confirm their multipotent RPC status and capacity to produce physiologically responsive retinal cell types, including photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). We then applied this method to hiPSCs derived from a patient with gyrate atrophy, a retinal degenerative disease affecting the RPE. RPE generated from these hiPSCs exhibited a disease-specific functional defect that could be corrected either by pharmacological means or following targeted gene repair. The production of OV-like populations from human pluripotent stem cells should facilitate the study of human retinal development and disease and advance the use of hiPSCs in personalized medicine.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Fluoride‐Rich Rubidium Scandium Fluoride Oxosilicate Rb3Sc2F5Si4O10
Authors: Schäfer Marion C. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe new quinary fluoride‐rich rubidium scandium oxosilicate Rb3Sc2F5Si4O10 was obtained from mixtures of RbF, ScF3, Sc2O3 and SiO2 in sealed platinum ampoules after seventeen days at 700 °C. The colourless compound crystallises orthorhombically in space group Pnma with a = 962.13(5), b = 825.28(4), c = 1838.76(9) pm and Z = 4. For the oxosilicate partial structure, [SiO4]4– tetrahedra are connected in (001) by vertex‐sharing to form corrugated unbranched vierer single layers ${2}\atop{{\infty}}${[Si4O10]4–} (d(Si–O) = 158–165 pm, ∠(O–Si–O) = 103–114°, ∠(Si–O–Si) = 125–145°) containing six‐membered rings. Similar oxosilicate layers with 63‐net topology are well‐known for the mineral group of micas or in sanbornite Ba2Si4O10. Regarding other systems, identical tetrahedral layers can be found in the synthetic borophosphate Mg(H2O)2[B2P2O8(OH)2]·H2O. The Sc3+ cations are coordinated octahedrally by four F– and two O2– anions. These cis‐[ScF4O2]5– octahedra (d(Sc–F) = 200–208 pm, d(Sc–O) = 202–205 pm) share one equatorial and two apical F– anions with others to build up slightly corrugated ${1}\atop{{\infty}}${[Sc2F${t}\atop{2/1}$F${v}\atop{6/2}$O${t}\atop{4/1}$]7–} double chains along [010]. These are linked with the oxosilicate layers via two oxygen vertices to construct a three‐dimensional framework with cavities apt to host the three crystallographically independent Rb+ cations with coordination numbers of eleven, twelve and thirteen.
Copper(I)d10···d10Interactions and Diselenide(1–) Radical Anions in Mixed Valent Selenides Cu4–δBiSe4I
Authors: Heerwig Andreas , Isaeva Anna , Ruck Michael 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMelting reactions of copper, CuI, selenium, and Bi2Se3yielded black, shiny needles of Cu4BiSe4I = Cu4BiSe2(Se2)I. The compound decomposes peritectically above 635(5) K and crystallizes in the orthorhombic space groupPnmawitha =960.1(1) pm,b= 413.16(3) pm, andc= 2274.7(2) pm (T= 293(2) K). In the crystal structure, strands${1}\atop{{\infty}}$[BiSeSe2/2(Se2)2/2]3–run along [010]. Therein, the bismuth(III) cation is coordinated by five selenium atoms, which form a square pyramid. The copper(I) cations are coordinated tetrahedrally by selenide, diselenide and iodide ions. Edge‐sharing of these tetrahedra results in zigzag chains of copper cations with short distances of 262.7(4) pm. Enhanced dispersion of the 3dbands, the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Populations (COHP), and disynaptic ELI‐D basins indicate weakly attractived10···d10interactions between the copper cations. The semiconducting properties and the calculated electronic band structure suggest an electron‐precise compound. In copper‐deficient Cu3.824(8)BiSe4I, the Cu···Cu distances are 5 pm shorter, and Raman spectroscopy indicates the presence of diselenide(1–) radical anions besides the diselenide(2–) groups. As a result, in Cu3.824(8)BiSe4I, selenium coexists in the oxidations states –II, –I, and –0.5.
Effect of the silk protein sericin on cryopreserved rat islets
Authors: Ohnishi Kenji , Murakami Makoto , Morikawa Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Akio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeCryopreservation is necessary for the long‐term storage of islet cells and to increase the practicality of clinical islet transplantation. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) supplemented with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is generally used as a freezing medium for islet cells. However, FBS should ideally be avoided in cell culture and transplantation because of recent animal health problems, such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and viral infections. The aim of this study was to develop a new serum‐free freezing medium by examining the effectiveness of the silk protein sericin, which is produced by Bombyx mori.MethodsIslets prepared from Lewis rats by collagenase digestion and Histopaque gradient centrifugation, followed by culture in medium containing 0.1% sericin for 3 days, were cryopreserved using 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5% sericin or FBS. DMSO (1, 4, 7, 10, and 15%) was added to the medium as a cryoprotectant. After thawing, on days 1, 4, 7, and 14, viable islets were counted in order to evaluate their survival. Insulin secretion was measured in vitro by a static incubation test on day 4. The in vivo function of cultured islets was tested by syngeneic transplantation. Islets were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically after transplantation.ResultsThere were no significant differences between freezing medium containing 1% sericin and that containing 10% FBS with regard to the survival rate of islets and stimulated insulin secretion. Following transplantation, islets rapidly reversed hyperglycemia and maintained normal glycemic control. In addition, the use of 7% DMSO as a cryoprotectant with sericin showed the same results as higher DMSO concentrations with FBS.ConclusionThe present results showed that serum‐free medium containing sericin is useful for both cryopreservation and cell culture.
Trichogramma pretiosumparasitism and dispersal capacity: a basis for developing biological control programs for soybean caterpillars
Authors: de Freitas Bueno R.C.O. , Parra J.R.P. , de Freitas Bueno A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn order to succeed in biological control programs, not only is it crucial to understand the number of natural enemies to be released but also on how many sites per area this releasing must be performed. These variables might differ deeply among egg parasitoid species and crops worked. Therefore, these trials were carried out to evaluate the parasitism (%) in eggs ofAnticarsia gemmatalisandPseudoplusia includensafter the release of different densities of the egg parasitoidTrichogramma pretiosum. Field dispersal was also studied, in order to determine appropriate recommendations for the release of this parasitoid in soybean fields. The regression analysis between parasitism (%) and densities of the parasitoid indicated a quadratic effect for bothA. gemmatalisandP. includens. The maximum parasitism within 24 h after the release was reached with densities of 25.6 and 51.2 parasitoids per host egg, respectively, for the two pests. Parasitism ofT. pretiosumin eggs ofP. includensdecreased linearly as the distance of the pest eggs from the parasitoid release sites increased. ForP. includens, the mean radius ofT. pretiosumaction and the area of parasitoid dispersal in the soybean crop were 8.01 m and 85.18 m2, respectively. We conclude that for a successful biological control program of lepidopteran pests usingT. pretiosumin soybean fields, a density of 25.6 parasitoids per host egg, divided into 117 sites per hectare, should be used.
Effect of temperature and relative humidity on the development and fecundity of Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Tamiru A. , Getu E. , Jembere B. , Bruce T. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe spotted stemborer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most important insect pests attacking maize and sorghum in Ethiopia. Recent studies have indicated that the pest is spreading to new locations where it was not reported before. In the current study, laboratory investigations were carried out to determine the combined effect of different levels of relative humidity and temperature regimes on the development and fecundity of C. partellus, as these physical factors are known to play an important role in the life cycle of insects and adaptability to local climate. Developmental time, longevity, potential fecundity and realized fecundity of C. partellus were measured under controlled conditions. Three temperature regimes (22°C, 26°C and 30°C) and three relative humidity levels (40%, 60% and 80%) were tested. It was found that temperature, relative humidity (RH) and their interaction significantly affected the developmental time, adult longevity, potential fecundity and realized fecundity of the pest. Developmental time was inversely related to temperature. Mean duration of C. partellus life cycle was 70.2 days at 22°C and 80% RH, whereas it took only 26.5 days to complete its life cycle at 30°C and 40% RH. Male and female longevity were similar in most cases. The adult life span ranged between 6.9–11.1 days at 22°C and 3.1–7.2 days at 30°C for different levels of relative humidity. The most suitable conditions for C. partellus development and fecundity were 26–30°C temperatures regimes and 60–80% RH levels.
Risk factors prospectively associated with adult obsessive–compulsive symptom dimensions and obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Grisham J. R. , Fullana M. A. , Mataix-Cols D. , Moffitt T. E. , Caspi A. , Poulton R. 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundVery few longitudinal studies have evaluated prospective neurodevelopmental and psychosocial risk factors for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Furthermore, despite the heterogeneous nature of OCD, no research has examined risk factors for its primary symptom dimensions, such as contamination/washing.MethodPotential risk factors for symptoms or diagnosis of OCD in adulthood and for specific adult obsessive–compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions were examined in the Dunedin Study birth cohort. The presence of obsessions and compulsions and psychological disorders was assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) at ages 26 and 32 years. Individuals with a diagnosis of OCD at either age (n=36) were compared to both a healthy control group (n=613) and an anxious control group (n=310) to determine whether associations between a risk factor and an OCD diagnosis were specific.ResultsChildhood neurodevelopmental, behavioral, personality and environmental risk factors were associated with a diagnosis of OCD and with OC symptoms at ages 26 and 32. Social isolation, retrospectively reported physical abuse and negative emotionality were specific predictors of an adult OCD diagnosis. Of note, most risk factors were associated with OC symptoms in adulthood and several risk factors predicted specific OCD dimensions. Perinatal insults were linked to increased risk for symmetry/ordering and shameful thoughts dimensions, whereas poor childhood motor skills predicted the harm/checking dimension. Difficult temperament, internalizing symptoms and conduct problems in childhood also predicted specific symptom dimensions and lower IQ non-specifically predicted increased risk for most dimensions.ConclusionsThe current findings underscore the need for a dimensional approach in evaluating childhood risk factors for obsessions and compulsions.