bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Japanese practice guidelines for newly diagnosed childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Higashigawa Masamune , Yamamoto Tomohiro , Yoshino Ayako , Nashida Yuji , Maji Tomoaki , Fujiwara Takashi , Inoue Masakazu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  Practice guidelines for childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were proposed in 1998 and 2004 in Japan. It is important to evaluate the feasibility and validity of the guidelines because the guidelines are based not on evidence but on opinion.Methods:  Records of 30 consecutive hospitalized patients aged 0–15 years (median, 3 years; 17 boys, 13 girls) were retrospectively reviewed. The feasibility and validity of the 2004 guidelines were evaluated by calculating an implementation rate, a response rate to first treatments, and a final clinical outcome.Results:  Deviation from the guidelines was found in two patients. Management of the other 28 patients followed the guidelines. The implementation rate was 93.3%. Twenty‐one of the 28 eligible patients (75%) responded to the first treatment, whereas seven patients (25%) required additional treatment. In 23 patients (76.7%) platelet counts returned to normal within 6 months. Seven patients (23.3%) developed chronic conditions. All patients had no complications and achieved a platelet count >150 000/µL within 6 years.Conclusion:  The 2004 Japanese guidelines are feasible and valid for the management of newly diagnosed childhood ITP patients.
Multiple alkane hydroxylase systems in a marine alkane degrader, Alcanivorax dieselolei B‐5
Authors: Liu Chenli , Wang Wanpeng , Wu Yehui , Zhou Zhongwen , Lai Qiliang , Shao Zongze 
Published: January 2011

SummaryAlcanivorax dieselolei strain B‐5 is a marine bacterium that can utilize a broad range of n‐alkanes (C5–C36) as sole carbon source. However, the mechanisms responsible for this trait remain to be established. Here we report on the characterization of four alkane hydroxylases from A. dieselolei, including two homologues of AlkB (AlkB1 and AlkB2), a CYP153 homologue (P450), as well as an AlmA‐like (AlmA) alkane hydroxylase. Heterologous expression of alkB1, alkB2, p450 and almA in Pseudomonas putida GPo12 (pGEc47ΔB) or P. fluorescens KOB2Δ1 verified their functions in alkane oxidation. Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR analysis showed that these genes could be induced by alkanes ranging from C8 to C36. Notably, the expression of the p450 and almA genes was only upregulated in the presence of medium‐chain (C8–C16) or long‐chain (C22–C36) n‐alkanes, respectively; while alkB1 and alkB2 responded to both medium‐ and long‐chain n‐alkanes (C12–C26). Moreover, branched alkanes (pristane and phytane) significantly elevated alkB1 and almA expression levels. Our findings demonstrate that the multiple alkane hydroxylase systems ensure the utilization of substrates of a broad chain length range.
Low‐level efficacy of cosmetic preservatives
Authors: Lundov M. D. , Johansen J. D. , Zachariae C. , Moesby L. 
Published: January 2011

SynopsisPreservation using combinations of preservatives has several advantages. This study shows that the concentration of some of the most frequently used allergenic preservatives can be markedly lowered when they are combined with phenoxyethanol. The antimicrobial efficacy of cosmetic preservatives and known allergens of various potency [diazolidinyl urea, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI), methylisothiazolinone (MI) and phenoxyethanol] was tested alone and in various combinations of two or three preservatives together. The preservatives were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values and possible synergy using fractional inhibitory concentration. MCI/MI was the only preservative showing low‐level MIC against all four tested microorganisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Different combinations of the preservatives indicated additive effects against the microorganisms. No combination of preservatives showed any inhibitory action on each other. Challenge tests with different concentrations and combinations were performed in a cosmetic cream. Diazolidinyl urea and MCI/MI alone were ineffective against C. albicans in a challenge test at concentrations up to 16 times higher than the observed MIC values. When combining phenoxyethanol with either one of the allergenic preservatives diazolidinyl urea, MCI/MI or MI, the cosmetic cream was adequately preserved at concentrations well below the preservatives’ MIC values as well as 10–20 times below the maximum permitted concentrations. By using combinations of preservatives, effective preservation can be achieved with lower concentrations of allergenic preservatives.
Efficacy of a piroctone olamine/climbazol shampoo in comparison with a zinc pyrithione shampoo in subjects with moderate to severe dandruff
Authors: Schmidt‐Rose T. , Braren S. , Fölster H. , Hillemann T. , Oltrogge B. , Philipp P. , Weets G. , Fey S. 
Published: January 2011

SynopsisDandruff is a chronic scalp disorder characterized by scaling and itching. A successful anti‐dandruff shampoo not only has to provide superior anti‐dandruff relief to ensure patient compliance. It also needs to offer excellent cosmetic and hair conditioning benefits at the same time. In this study, the efficacy of a shampoo containing 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole (shampoo 1) was compared with a widely available commercial shampoo containing 1% zinc pyrithione (shampoo 2). In vitro studies investigating the anti‐mycotic efficacy of a combination of 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole as well as 1% zinc pyrithione were performed. To study substantivity, pig skin punches were used as a model system and a test of wet combability was performed to characterize combing ease. In vivo home‐in‐use studies were carried out to determine the efficacy of both shampoos to improve scalp condition and reduce itching in subjects suffering from moderate to severe dandruff. Results demonstrated a comparable anti‐fungal effectiveness for 0.5% piroctone olamine plus 0.45% climbazole and 1% zinc pyrithione, respectively. Shampoo 1 showed a significantly higher anti‐mycotics substantivity compared to shampoo 2. After treatment with shampoo 1, the wet combing force was significantly reduced compared with shampoo 2, suggesting a better combability following the use of shampoo 1. In an in vivo split head design study, shampoo 1 was shown to be equally effective in reducing the amount of dandruff on the scalp compared with shampoo 2. The approval rate of volunteers regarding the question ‘The use of this shampoo decreases the itching of my scalp?’ after a 4‐week treatment with shampoo 1 equaled 90%. Overall, the shampoo formulation with 0.5% piroctone olamine and 0.45% climbazole effectively reduces the amount of dandruff and, at the same time, provides hair conditioning advantages.
Non‐attendance rate in a Danish University Clinic of Dermatology
Authors: Carlsen K.H. , Carlsen K.M. , Serup J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAim  To clarify the rate of non‐attendance (NA) in an out‐patient clinic.Methods  Attendance lists of 3592 patients were collected daily from 21 July–21 August and 21 October–21 November, 2009. NA patients were contacted to determine extenuations. To study NA in relation to diagnosis and age, a control group of patients who attended before or after a NA was established. Furthermore, two time periods from 8:00–11:30 am and 11:30 am–3:00 pm were compared.Results  In total, 13% NA gave no cancellation (54.2% females and 45.8% males). Divided into age groups, 496 patients 0–25 years old had appointments, but 87 (18.6%) showed NA. In the 26–65 years old, 2188 patients were planned, but 313 (14.1%) showed NA. Over 65 years old, 878 patients were planned, but 69 patients (7.9%) showed NA. NA was higher (P < 0.05) in patients 0–25 years old in comparison with the other age groups. Diagnoses had no influence on the rate of NA (P > 0.05), neither had seasons nor time of the day. The main explanations reported by the NA were: forgetfulness (34.3%), erroneous scheduling (27.7%) and various reasons (38.0%). However, 18.5% had shown NA before while 17.1% were NA first timers.Conclusion  The NA rate 13% of 3592 patients was mostly patient‐related. Erroneous scheduling was estimated to be 3.6%. NA was more frequent among young patients. NA rate is small in comparison with non‐adherence to medicines, however, of major practical and economic consequence for the health system. SMS or e‐mail notification and improved scheduling are potential actions to improve NA in the routine.
‘Our Journey Through Time’: an oral history project carried out by young people with learning disabilities
Authors: Bentley Sarah , Nicholls Rickie , Price Maxine , Wilkinson Aaron , Purcell Matthew , Woodhall Martin , Walmsley Jan 
Published: January 2011

Accessible summary
This paper is about an oral history project to find out about long‐stay hospitals in their local area carried out by a group of young people with learning disabilities.
It describes how they went about the project and made a film, and what they learnt through doing it.
SummaryWe are five young people with learning disabilities who found out about the history of hospitals for people with learning disabilities in our area, and made a film about the project. The project taught us what life had been like for some people with learning disabilities only 30 years ago. It was very different to our lives; we have more choice, more freedom and more opportunities. As part of the project, we learnt how to ask questions, to listen, to record information and to produce a film.
Sketching the first 45 years of the journal Psychophysiology (1964–2008): A co‐word‐based analysis
Authors: Viedma‐Del‐Jesus Maria Isabel , Perakakis Pandelis , Muñoz Miguel Ángel , López‐Herrera Antonio Gabriel , Vila Jaime 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article presents a keyword‐based bibliometric study of the thematic evolution of the journal Psychophysiology since its first publication in 1964 until 2008. Bibliometric maps showing the most relevant associations among the main topics treated by the journal are provided separately for the periods 1964–1978, 1979–1988, 1989–1998, and 1999–2008. These maps offer insight into the conceptual structure of psychophysiology as a research discipline and help to visualize the division of the field into several interconnected subfields. Bibliometric maps created by co‐word analysis can be used by both experts and novices to understand the current state of the art of a scientific field and to predict where future research could lead.
Effects of competitive pressure on expert performance: Underlying psychological, physiological, and kinematic mechanisms
Authors: Cooke Andrew , Kavussanu Maria , McIntyre David , Boardley Ian D. , Ring Christopher 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough it is well established that performance is influenced by competitive pressure, our understanding of the mechanisms which underlie the pressure–performance relationship is limited. The current experiment examined mediators of the relationship between competitive pressure and motor skill performance of experts. Psychological, physiological, and kinematic responses to three levels of competitive pressure were measured in 50 expert golfers, during a golf putting task. Elevated competitive pressure increased putting accuracy, anxiety, effort, and heart rate, but decreased grip force. Quadratic effects of pressure were noted for self‐reported conscious processing and impact velocity. Mediation analyses revealed that effort and heart rate partially mediated improved performance. The findings indicate that competitive pressure elicits effects on expert performance through both psychological and physiological pathways.
A New Method for In Vivo Visualization of Vessel Remodeling Using a Near‐Infrared Dye
Authors: BILLAUD MARIE , ROSS JEREMY A. , GREYSON MARK A. , BRUCE ANTHONY C. , SEAMAN SCOTT A. , HEBERLEIN KATHERINE R. , HAN JENNY , BEST ANGELA K. , PEIRCE SHAYN M. , ISAKSON BRANT E. 
Published: January 2011

Please cite this paper as: Billaud, Ross, Greyson, Bruce, Seaman, Heberlein, Han, Best, Peirce and Isakson (2011). A New Method for In Vivo Visualization of Vessel Remodeling Using a Near‐Infrared Dye. Microcirculation 18(3), 163–171.AbstractObjectives:  Vascular obstructive events can be partially compensated for by remodeling processes that increase vessel diameter and collateral tortuosity. However, methods for visualizing remodeling events in vivo and with temporal comparisons from the same animal remain elusive.Methods:  Using a novel infrared conjugated polyethylene glycol dye, we investigated the possibility of intravital vascular imaging of the mouse ear before and after ligation of the primary feeder artery. For comparison, we used two different mouse models known to have impaired vascular remodeling after ligation (i.e., aged and PAI‐1−/− mice). The results obtained with the infrared dye were confirmed using immunofluorescence labeling of the ear microvasculature with confocal microscopy.Results:  After ligation, increases in vessel diameter (between 10% and 60%) and tortuosity (approximately 15%) were observed in C57Bl/6 mice using both the infrared dye and the immunofluorescence technique. However, aged C57Bl/6 and PAI‐1−/− mice did not show vascular remodeling following ligation.Conclusions:  Vascular remodeling can be visualized and accurately quantified using a new infrared dye in vivo. This analysis technique could be generally employed for quantitative investigations of changes in vascular remodeling.
Incidence and risk factors of fetal death in Norway: a case‐control study
Authors: HELGADOTTIR LINDA BJÖRK , SKJELDESTAD FINN EGIL , JACOBSEN ANNE FLEM , SANDSET PER MORTEN , JACOBSEN EVA‐MARIE 
Published: January 2011

Abstract Objective. To estimate incidence and risk factors for intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) in a Norwegian study‐population applying two different control groups. Design. Case‐control study. Setting. Two university hospitals in Oslo, Norway, January 1990 through December 2003. Sample. The cases: 377 women with IUFD. Controls: 1) all women delivering at the study‐hospitals in the period (facility‐based), and 2) 1 215 women with live births at one study‐hospital in the period (selected). Methods. Information from cases and selected controls was collected from medical records. Data on facility‐based controls were provided by the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Data were analyzed using chi‐squared test and logistic regression. Main outcome measures. Incidence of IUFD and adjusted odds ratios of risk factors. Results. The incidence was 4.1/1 000 deliveries. Small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and placental abruption were the strongest risk factors for IUFD. Hypertensive disorders were of low risk if not associated with SGA. Low to moderate risk factors were pre‐pregnancy diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, placenta previa, gestational diabetes, smoking and twin pregnancy. Advanced maternal age was significant when compared with facility‐based controls. Risk estimates pointed in the same direction independent of control‐group. Hypertension appeared overestimated when using facility‐based controls, whereas advanced age was underestimated in the analysis among selected controls. Conclusion. SGA has a strong association with IUFD, and the risk of hypertensive disorders is mediated through SGA. The other risk factors, except placental abruption, are of low prevalence and of limited importance in the prevention of a relatively low incidence, although dramatic, event like IUFD.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the clinical factors associated with the suicide of psychiatric in‐patients
Authors: Large M. , Smith G. , Sharma S. , Nielssen O. , Singh S. P. 
Published: January 2011

Large M, Smith G, Sharma S, Nielssen O, Singh SP. Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the clinical factors associated with the suicide of psychiatric in‐patients.Objective:  To estimate the strength of the associations between the suicide of psychiatric in‐patients and demographic, historical, symptomatic, diagnostic and treatment factors.Method:  A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled studies of the suicide of psychiatric in‐patients including suicides while on approved or unapproved leave.Results:  Factors that were significantly associated with in‐patient suicide included a history of deliberate self‐harm, hopelessness, feelings of guilt or inadequacy, depressed mood, suicidal ideas and a family history of suicide. Patients suffering from both schizophrenia and depressed mood appeared to be at particular risk. The association between suicidal ideas and in‐patient suicide was weak and did not reach statistical significance after a quantitative correction for publication bias. A high‐risk categorization as defined by a combination of retrospectively determined individual risk factors was strongly statistically associated with in‐patient suicide (OR = 10.9), with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 85%.Conclusion:  Despite the apparently strong association between high‐risk categorization and subsequent suicide, the low base rate of in‐patient suicide means that predictive value of a high‐risk categorization is below 2%. The development of safer hospital environments and improved systems of care are more likely to reduce the suicide of psychiatric in‐patients than risk assessment.
Instrumental analysis of the pattern of improvement and that of recurrence of melasma in Thai females treated with Kligman–Willis triple combination therapy: confirmation by using its two different formulae
Authors: Pratchyapruit Walaiorn , Vashrangsi Niramol , Sindhavananda Jirot , Tagami Hachiro 
Published: January 2011

Background: Melasma is common among females. At present, its most reliable topical treatment is the Kligman–Willis formula.Objectives: To evaluate objectively the pattern of pigmentation improvement and recurrence.Methods: Thirty‐four Thai females with melasma showing similar lesions on both cheeks were randomly assigned to 8‐week daily treatment with either one of two different versions of the formula together with strict sun protection. They were objectively evaluated instrumentally with a Mexameter® every 2 weeks, and were followed up for the subsequent 40 weeks.Results: Thirty of 34 subjects who completed their 8‐week treatment displayed a similar improvement pattern with either formulae. All expressed satisfaction with the results of the treatment. Instrumental evaluation detected that the pigmentation reached a nadir after 6 weeks, regardless of the formulae. Twenty‐one subjects, who were further followed up, exhibited mild relapse within 2 months after finishing the treatment. Yet, their pigmentation levels remained significantly lower than those before treatment. Both formulae increased transepidermal water loss and skin surface hydration during the treatment period.Conclusion: Melasma in Thai females responded well to the Kligman–Willis formula. A relapse that was detected with the instrumental measurement after treatment discontinuation suggests the necessity to continue even intermittent treatment after attaining therapeutic success.
High Levels of Maternal Serum IL‐17 and Activin A in Pregnant Women Affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Torricelli Michela , Bellisai Francesca , Novembri Romina , Galeazzi Luna R. , Iuliano Annamaria , Voltolini Chiara , Spreafico Adriano , Galeazzi Mauro , Petraglia Felice 
Published: January 2011

Citation  Torricelli M, Bellisai F, Novembri R, Galeazzi LR, Iuliano A, Voltolini C, Spreafico A, Galeazzi M, Petraglia F. High levels of maternal serum IL‐17 and activin A in pregnant women affected by systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 84–89Problem  To evaluate changes of serum IL‐17, activin A, follistatin, and other cytokines during pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Method of study  A group of patients with SLE and controls were longitudinally studied, collecting a blood sample before and during three trimesters of pregnancy. Serum activin A, follistatin, IL‐17, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α concentrations were evaluated by specific ELISA.Results  Before pregnancy, while serum IL‐17, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α resulted significantly higher in women with SLE (P < 0.001), activin A and follistatin were not changed. Serum IL‐17 concentrations were higher in SLE than in controls with no changes during pregnancy. IL‐6 increased in both groups, resulting higher in SLE than in controls only in the first trimester (P < 0.05). IL‐10 concentration in SLE increased during pregnancy resulting significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.01). TNF‐α levels were higher in SLE than in controls in third trimester (P < 0.01). Serum activin A levels in SLE were significantly higher than in controls (P < 0.001) at third trimester.Conclusion  Women with SLE show increased secretions of activin A, IL‐17, IL‐6, IL‐10, and TNF‐α during gestation, with a different trend for the various cytokines. These data suggest that patients with SLE have a hyper‐reactive immune system, probably receiving a placental contribution.
Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Inhibits Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Mozar Anaïs , Louvet Loïc , Morlière Patrice , Godin Corinne , Boudot Cédric , Kamel Saïd , Drüeke Tilman B , Massy Ziad A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractUremic syndrome is attributed to the progressive retention of a large number of compounds, such as indoxyl sulfate, which under physiological conditions are excreted by the kidneys. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that uremic indoxyl sulfate concentrations induce a weak increase in the proliferation of both rat and human vascular aortic smooth muscle cells (hVASMC) after short term exposition to the toxin (i.e. 24 h). In the present study, we evaluated indoxyl sulfate effects on the proliferation of hVASMC at three different concentrations after long‐term exposure (seven days). In contrast to previously published studies, we observed a dose‐dependent and significant inhibitory effect of this toxin on hVASMC proliferation. We also demonstrated that indoxyl sulfate inhibits epidermal growth factor‐induced hVASMC proliferation after long‐term exposure. Indoxyl sulfate effects were associated with a dose‐dependent induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species and up‐regulation of p21 and p27 protein expression. Chronic exposure to indoxyl sulfate produces a significant inhibitory effect on hVASMC proliferation. The relevance of these findings must be evaluated by further studies, particularly in an in vivo setting.
Hybridized Design Concepts and Their Application to ERD Systems
Authors: Suthersan Suthan , Nelson Denice , Schnobrich Matthew 
Published: January 2011

Optimization of large‐scale injection‐based remedial systems requires engineering to intentionally capitalize on the biological, chemical, and physical mechanisms that occur within and between the zones of reagent application. These types of systems can be called hybrid designs as they employ multiple processes to achieve remediation endpoints (Figure 1), resulting in optimized system performance and a reduction in the overall life‐cycle cost. While all remedial applications incorporate these mechanisms to some extent, the importance of each of these processes is magnified in large‐scale applications. This column discusses the dominant mechanisms responsible for mass reduction within both source and distal plume footprints, with a focus on the application of “Hybridized Design” for enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD) systems. Diagram showing the hybrid design approach which encompasses physical (sorption, advection, diffusion), chemical (mass flux, abiotic degradation) and biological (metabolic and cometabolic degradation) processes. image