bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting of ICAM-1 on vascular endothelium under static and shear stress conditions using a liposomal Gd-based MRI contrast agent
Authors: Paulis Leonie EM , Jacobs Igor , van den Akker Nynke M , Geelen Tessa , Molin Daniel G , Starmans Lucas WE , Nicolay Klaas , Strijkers Gustav J 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
The upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the endothelium of blood vessels in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli is of major importance for the regulation of local inflammation in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and stroke. In vivo molecular imaging of ICAM-1 will improve diagnosis and follow-up of patients by non-invasive monitoring of the progression of inflammation.

Results
A paramagnetic liposomal contrast agent functionalized with anti-ICAM-1 antibodies for multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging of endothelial ICAM-1 expression is presented. The ICAM-1-targeted liposomes were extensively characterized in terms of size, morphology, relaxivity and the ability for binding to ICAM-1-expressing endothelial cells in vitro. ICAM-1-targeted liposomes exhibited strong binding to endothelial cells that depended on both the ICAM-1 expression level and the concentration of liposomes. The liposomes had a high longitudinal and transversal relaxivity, which enabled differentiation between basal and upregulated levels of ICAM-1 expression by MRI. The liposome affinity for ICAM-1 was preserved in the competing presence of leukocytes and under physiological flow conditions.

Conclusion
This liposomal contrast agent displays great potential for in vivo MRI of inflammation-related ICAM-1 expression.
CIAPIN1 nuclear accumulation predicts poor clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Cai Xiaolan , Wang Jian , Xin Xiaoyan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. The expression of cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1) correlates with the malignant progression of several cancers. However, the relationship between the subcellular localization of CIAPIN1 and clinical characteristics in EOC remains unclear.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect CIAPIN1 expression in 108 EOC tissues. CIAPIN1 expressions in eight fresh EOC tissues were detected by Western blotting. The relationship between CIAPIN1 subcellular expression and patients’ clinicopathological features, including prognosis, was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were employed to assess the CIAPIN1 subcellular localization in the EOC cell lines A2780 and HO8910. In addition, all patients were followed up to assess the prognostic value of CIAPIN1 in patients with EOC.

Results
CIAPIN1 is highly expressed in EOC, but is present at low levels in paired non-cancerous ovarian epithelial tissues. The results of Western blotting were in accordance with the immunohistochemical results. Poor differentiation of the tumors and EOC cell lines correlated with higher levels of CIAPIN1 nuclear expression. CIAPIN1 nuclear expression significantly correlated with the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage and histological differentiation (P = 0.034 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Moreover, nuclear localization of CIAPIN1 was selected as an unfavorable prognostic factor by both univariate and multivariate analyses ( P < 0.001). However, no significant correlations were observed between cytoplasmic localization of CIAPIN1 and clinicopathological parameters.

Conclusions
CIAPIN1 might play a crucial role in the differentiation of EOC cells. Elevated expression of nuclear CIAPIN1 negatively correlated with the survival of EOC patients, suggesting that nuclear CIAPIN1 might serve as a prognostic biomarker for EOC patients.
RNA interference-mediated silencing of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit B (EIF3B) gene expression inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells
Authors: Wang Zheng , Chen Jinxian , Sun Jianhua , Cui Zhe , Wu Hui 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
A key factor underlying the control of the cellular growth, size and proliferation involves the regulation of the total protein synthesis. Most often, the initial stages of mRNA translation are rate limiting, which involves a group of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (EIFs). Research advances focused on the inhibition of their expression and activity hold the key to the initiation and progression of tumor and tumor prognosis.

Method
We performed RNA interference (RNAi) with the lentivirus vector system to silence the EIF3B gene using the colon cancer cell strain SW1116. The negative control included the normal target cells infected with the negative control virus whereas the knockdown cells included the normal target cells transfected with the RNAi target virus. We tested the inhibition resulting from the decreased expression of EIF3B gene on the proliferation rate of SW1116 cells, including the cell cycle, apoptosis and clonability.

Results
Compared with the negative control, the impact of EIF3B gene expression in SW1116 cells on the levels of mRNA and protein in the knockdown group, was significantly inhibited (P <0.01). Furthermore, the cell proliferation rate and clonability were also significantly inhibited (P <0.01). The apoptosis rate increased significantly (P <0.05). A significant decrease in the number of cells in the G1 phase (P <0.01) and significant increases in S (P <0.01) and G2 phases (P <0.05) were observed.

Conclusions
The silencing of EIF3B gene expression inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells.
The spinal notch signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the development of neuropathic pain
Authors: Sun Yan-Yan , Li Li , Liu Xiao-Hua , Gu Nan , Dong Hai-Long , Xiong Lize 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Background
The Notch signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in the development of the nervous system. Recent studies showed that Notch receptors and ligands are also expressed in the nervous system of adult animals. However, whether the Notch signaling pathway has a function in adults is not fully understood. The present study is designed to investigate the function of the Notch signaling pathway in nociceptive transmission, especially during neuropathic pain in adult rats.

Results
We found that the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) is expressed in the DRG (Dorsal Root Ganglia), sciatic nerve and spinal cord in normal rats, and is upregulated in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord after spared nerve injury (SNI). Moreover, we used the γ-secretase (a key enzyme of the Notch signaling pathway) inhibitor DAPT to observe the effect of the Notch signaling pathway after SNI. We found that intrathecal DAPT significantly increased paw withdrawal thermal latency and mechanical threshold. Mechanical hyperalgesia occurring after SNI could be significantly reversed by DAPT in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the Notch signaling pathway participates in the induction and maintenance of neuropathic pain, which indicates that the Notch pathway maybe a potential drug target for neuropathic pain treatment.
Breast Cancer Risk After Supradiaphragmatic Radiotherapy for Hodgkin's Lymphoma in England and Wales: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Swerdlow Anthony J. , Cooke Rosie , Bates Andrew , Cunningham David , Falk Stephen J. , Gilson Dianne , Hancock Barry W. , Harris Sarah J. , Horwich Alan , Hoskin Peter J. , Linch David C. , Lister T. Andrew , Lucraft Helen H. , Radford John A. , Stevens Andrea M. , Syndikus Isabel , Williams Michael V. 
Published: June 2012

Purpose To investigate breast cancer risk after supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy administered to young women with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in a much larger cohort than previously to provide data for patient follow-up and screening individualized according to treatment type, age, and time point during follow-up. Patients and Methods Breast cancer risk was assessed in 5,002 women in England and Wales treated for HL with supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy at age < 36 years from 1956 to 2003, who underwent follow-up with 97% completeness until December 31, 2008. Results Breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ developed in 373 patients, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 5.0 (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.5). SIRs were greatest for those treated at age 14 years (47.2; 95% CI, 28.0 to 79.8) and continued to remain high for at least 40 years. The maximum absolute excess risk was at attained ages 50 to 59 years. Alkylating chemotherapy or pelvic radiotherapy diminished the risk, but only for women treated at age ≥ 20 years, not for those treated when younger. Cumulative risks were tabulated in detail; for 40-year follow-up, the risk for patients receiving ≥ 40 Gy mantle radiotherapy at young ages was 48%. Conclusion This article provides individualized risk estimates based on large numbers for patients with HL undergoing follow-up after radiotherapy at young ages. Follow-up of such women needs to continue for 40 years or longer and may require more-intensive screening regimens than those in national general population programs. Special consideration is needed of potential measures to reduce breast cancer risk for girls treated with supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy at pubertal ages.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 mutation that is associated with disease onset in infancy disrupts axonal pathfinding during neuronal development
Authors: Issa Fadi A. , Mock Allan F. , Sagasti Alvaro , Papazian Diane M. 
Published: June 2012

Summary
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 (SCA13) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the Kv3.3 voltage-gated potassium (K+) channel. SCA13 exists in two forms: infant onset is characterized by severe cerebellar atrophy, persistent motor deficits and intellectual disability, whereas adult onset is characterized by progressive ataxia and progressive cerebellar degeneration. To test the hypothesis that infant- and adult-onset mutations have differential effects on neuronal development that contribute to the age at which SCA13 emerges, we expressed wild-type Kv3.3 or infant- or adult-onset mutant proteins in motor neurons in the zebrafish spinal cord. We characterized the development of CaP (caudal primary) motor neurons at ~36 and ~48 hours post-fertilization using confocal microscopy and 3D digital reconstruction. Exogenous expression of wild-type Kv3.3 had no significant effect on CaP development. In contrast, CaP neurons expressing the infant-onset mutation made frequent pathfinding errors, sending long, abnormal axon collaterals into muscle territories that are normally innervated exclusively by RoP (rostral primary) or MiP (middle primary) motor neurons. This phenotype might be directly relevant to infant-onset SCA13 because interaction with inappropriate synaptic partners might trigger cell death during brain development. Importantly, pathfinding errors were not detected in CaP neurons expressing the adult-onset mutation. However, the adult-onset mutation tended to increase the complexity of the distal axonal arbor. From these results, we speculate that infant-onset SCA13 is associated with marked changes in the development of Kv3.3-expressing cerebellar neurons, reducing their health and viability early in life and resulting in the withered cerebellum seen in affected children.
Evaluation of internet derived patient information
Authors: Ward JBM , Leach P 
Published: June 2012

INTRODUCTION The internet is a widely used, powerful resource for patients to research medical conditions. There is an extensive amount of information available on the internet. It is important for patient information to be accurate and in an easily accessible format. This article aims to assess the quality of patient information on hydrocephalus and compares the findings with recent evaluations in other surgical specialties. METHODS The term ‘hydrocephalus’ was searched for on the search engines http://www.google.com/ , http://www.bing.com/ and http://www.yahoo.com/ . The top 20 results of these searches were assessed using the University of Michigan consumer health website evaluation checklist. RESULTS The quality of patient information websites on hydrocephalus is highly variable. Websites rarely provide sufficient authorship information, do not review their information regularly enough and only reference material occasionally. The background of the provider was found to influence the quality of the website, with academic and care providers creating the best websites. CONCLUSIONS On comparing our findings with those of recent studies from other surgical specialties, it was found that there was often a conflict of interest between the background of the provider and the information supplied. It is recommended that clinicians personally research material for their patients to be able to guide them to suitable, accurate websites.
Histologic Follow-up in Patients With Papanicolaou Test Findings of Endometrial Cells
Authors: Li Zaibo , Gilbert Christopher , Yang Huaitao , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We studied 1,183 Papanicolaou (Pap) cytology cases (739 with normal endometrial cells [nEMCs], 423 with atypical EMCs [aEMCs], and 21 with endometrial cancer cells [EMCCs] in women 40 years or older) with histologic follow-up. Significant endometrial lesions were found in 2.7%, 18.4%, and 100% of cases with nEMCs, aEMCs, and EMCCs, respectively. Significant lesions were present in women 50 years or older with nEMCs found after day 12 of the menstrual cycle or who were postmenopausal (5.2%), but not in women with nEMCs before day 12 (0.5%) or women younger than 50 years with nEMCs after day 12 (1.6%). Our data indicate that endometrial sampling provides no clinical benefit in women (regardless of age) with nEMCs before day 12 of the menstrual cycle or women younger than 50 years with nEMCs after day 12. Endometrial sampling should be routinely performed in women with aEMCs and in women 50 years or older with nEMCs after day 12 of the menstrual cycle or who are postmenopausal.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of GATA3 Expression in Tumors and Normal Tissues
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Shi Jianhui , Wilkerson Myra L. , Lin Fan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
GATA3 expression has been reported in urothelial and breast carcinomas; however, the published data on GATA3 expression in tumors from other organs are limited. Immunohistochemical evaluation of GATA3 expression in 1,110 carcinomas and 310 cases of normal tissue using tissue microarray sections, 48 breast and bladder biopsy specimens, and 53 breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens was performed. Sixty-two of 72 urothelial carcinomas (86%) and 138 of 147 breast carcinomas (94%) tested positive for GATA3. All other cases, except for 2 of 96 endometrial carcinomas, tested negative for GATA3. On fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples, 88% of primary breast carcinomas and 82% of metastatic breast carcinomas tested positive for GATA3. Our study revealed that GATA3 is a sensitive and specific marker for the diagnosis of breast and urothelial carcinomas. When working on a tumor of unknown origin, GATA3 should be routinely included in the initial screening panel if either a breast or urothelial primary tumor is suspected.
Thymic Carcinoma, Part 1
Authors: Weissferdt Annikka , Moran Cesar A. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of 65 primary thymic carcinomas are reported (43 men and 22 women; 19–81 years old). Thymectomy was performed in all cases. Masaoka staging for 53 patients showed 3 patients in stage I, 14 in stage II, 17 in stage III, and 19 in stage IV. Histologic studies revealed 9 carcinoma subtypes. Immunohistochemically, the tumors showed high rates of expression for cytokeratin, Pax8, and FoxN1. Follow-up for 62 patients revealed that 36 patients were alive (mean follow-up, 51.1 months) and 26 had died (mean survival, 47.5 months). The 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 76.6% and 65.7%, respectively. Our findings suggest that thymic carcinomas may behave less aggressively than commonly believed. Lymph node status and tumor size seem to be important prognostic factors. The Masaoka staging system does not seem to reliably predict outcome.
Pathologic Findings of Follow-up Surgical Excision for Lobular Neoplasia on Breast Core Biopsy Performed for Calcification
Authors: Zhao Chengquan , Desouki Mohamed Mokhtar , Florea Anca , Mohammed Khaled , Li Xin , Dabbs David 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This study aimed to ascertain pathologic findings of surgical follow-up excision (FUE) on patients who had radiologic finding of calcifications and lobular neoplasia (LN) on core biopsy. Breast core biopsy specimens from 2006–2011 with a diagnosis of pure classic-type LN (lobular carcinoma in situ [LCIS] and atypical lobular hyperplasia [ALH]) with no history of invasive carcinoma (IC) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) were studied. Two hundred thirty-seven patients with the diagnosis of calcium on radiologic studies had FUE and were included in the study. Cases were divided into group 1 (pure ALH, n = 163) and group 2 (pure LCIS, n = 74). The interval between the core biopsy and FUE ranged from 0.2 to 7 months (mean, 1.5 ± 1.1 months). The risk of upstaging on FUE (DCIS or IC) is as follows: LCIS, 8.1% (6/74) and ALH, 3.1% (5/163). The data indicate that there is a low risk of upstaging to DCIS/IC from a core biopsy diagnosis of lobular neoplasia.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(3;21)(q26.2;q22) Is Commonly a Therapy-Related Disease Associated With Poor Outcome
Authors: Li Shaoying , Yin C. Cameron , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Bueso-Ramos Carlos , Lu Gary , Lin Pei 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The t(3;21)(q26.2;q22) translocation is rare in cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We studied 17 patients with MDS/AML associated with t(3;21) and compared them with 17 patients with MDS associated with inv(3) (q21q26.2)/t(3;3)(q21;q26.2), because these entities share 3q26 locus abnormalities. The t(3;21) group included 9 men and 8 women, with a median age of 62 years (range, 13–81 years). One case was de novo AML and 16 cases were therapy-related, including 12 MDS (blasts, &lt;15%) and 4 AML (blasts, 33%–50%). All patients had multilineage dysplasia, whereas none had thrombocytosis. Additional cytogenetic aberrations were identified in 12 cases, including −7/7q (n = 9) and a complex karyotype (n = 7). All patients died, with 1- and 2-year survival rates of 35% and 6%, respectively. Although multilineage dysplasia and frequent association with −7/7q were similar in both groups, MDS/AML cases associated with t(3;21) have a higher frequency of therapy-related disease and shorter survival times, suggesting that they are distinct from MDS/AML cases associated with inv(3)/t(3;3).
Effects of Glucose Releasing Rate on Cell Growth and Performance of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) in Sweet Potato Medium for Fuel Ethanol Production Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Shen Yu , Guo Jin-song , Chen You-Peng , Zhang Hai-Dong , Zheng Xu-Xu , Jiang Yan , Zhang Xian-Ming , Li Xiao-Hong 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Sweet potato medium containing 230.0 g•kg-1 liquefied starch was used for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) for fuel ethanol production. Glucose releasing rate was controlled by the initial addition of incremental glucoamylase. The increasing rates of glucose concentration display a positive relationship when glucoamylase is added in early stage (0 to 8 hours (h)). Serious cells growth inhibition occurred in the early stage when 1.0 g•kg-1 glucoamylase is added, whereas glucose providing limitation occurred in the batch with 0.2 g•kg-1 glucoamylase added in later stage (64 to 80 h). The optimum dosage of glucoamylase was 0.8 g•kg-1, where a final ethanol concentration of 118.2 g•kg-1 was attained within 72 h. The results of our study suggest cell growth inhibition and substrate providing limitation can be avoided simultaneously by adding a proper dosage of glucoamylase. It is indicated further that cells growth inhibition in early stage in the batch with 1.0 g•kg-1 glucoamylase added was due to the high increasing rate of initial glucose concentration, but not the high overall glucose concentration.
In Situ Eddy-Current Testing on Low-Pressure Turbine Blades of Aircraft Engine
Authors: Qi Gong-Jin , Lei Hong , Fu Gang-Qiang , Jing Peng , Lin Jun-Ming 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
To realize in situ testing on low-pressure turbine blades of aircraft engines, eddy-current testing was studied through probe design, artificial defect sample testing, and practical field applications. The eddy-current probe was composed of a differential coil with dual magnetic cores, flexible spring steel strip, and elongating composite shank, which, respectively, provided high detection sensitivity on the turbine blade defect, appropriate contact between the probe and the curving blade surface, and adequate extent for the long distance of in situ inspection. Practical applications in engine turbine blades testing proved that the eddy-current probe successfully solved the in situ testing difficulties, including poor accessibility, limited detection space, and strong interference signals.
MicroRNA as a Diagnostic Tool in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Mazeh Haggi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThyroid cancer accounts for 1.5% of all malignancies in the U.S., and it is the most common endocrine malignancy. Detection of thyroid cancer mostly relies on evaluation of thyroid nodules, which are very common but only 5%–7% harbor malignancy. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is currently the most important tool for the evaluation of thyroid nodules; however, it is limited in that it provides only a cytology assessment of the aspirated cells, and indeterminate diagnoses are present in up to 30% of FNAB results. This limitation can be overcome by the molecular analysis of FNAB, and more specifically with the use of microRNAs (miRs).miRs constitute a class of endogenous small noncoding RNA fragments that regulate gene expression, and in vitro studies have shown that miRs play a significant role in cancer and regulate major processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Several studies have investigated the miR expression signature in different thyroid cancers, and data support its use as a diagnostic tool that is highly accurate for thyroid nodules. The purpose of this study is to review the accumulated data on miR dysregulation in the different thyroid cancer types, critically assess its diagnostic utility, and conclude with future study strategies.