bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact cosmological models in metric-affine F(R, T) gravity
Authors: Maurya Dinesh Chandra , Myrzakulov Ratbay 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA flat Friedmann–Lematre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime metric was used to investigate some exact cosmological models in metric-affineF(R, T) gravity in this paper. The considered modified Lagrangian function is$$F(R,T)=R+\lambda T$$F(R,T)=R+λT, whereRis the Ricci curvature scalar,Tis the torsion scalar for the non-special connection, and$$\lambda $$λis a model parameter. We also wrote$$R=R^{(LC)}+u$$R=R(LC)+uand$$T=T^{(W)}+v$$T=T(W)+v, where$$R^{(LC)}$$R(LC)is the Ricci scalar curvature with respect to the Levi–Civita connection and$$T^{(W)}$$T(W)is the torsion scalar with respect to the Weitzenbock connection, anduandvare the functions of scale factora(t), connection and its derivatives. For the scale factora(t), we have obtained two exact solutions of modified field equations in two different situations ofuandv. Using this scale factor, we have obtained various geometrical parameters to investigate the universe’s cosmological properties. We used Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation to analyze two types of latest datasets: cosmic chronometer (CC) data (Hubble data) points and Pantheon SNe Ia samples, and found the model parameters that fit the observations best at$$1-\sigma $$1-σ, and$$2-\sigma $$2-σregions. We have performed a comparative and relativistic study of geometrical and cosmological parameters. In model-I, we have found that the effective equation of state (EoS) parameter$$\omega _{eff}$$ωeffvaries in the range$$-1\le \omega _{eff}\le 0$$-1≤ωeff≤0, while in model-II, it varies as$$-1.0345\le \omega _{eff}\le 0$$-1.0345≤ωeff≤0. We found that both models are transit phase (moving from slowing down to speeding up) universes with a transition redshift$$z_{t}=0.5874_{-0.0197}^{+0.2130}$$zt=0.5874-0.0197+0.2130and$$z_{t}=0.6865_{-0.0303}^{+0.1719}$$zt=0.6865-0.0303+0.1719.
MA-BBOB: A Problem Generator for Black-Box Optimization Using Affine Combinations and Shifts
Authors: Vermetten Diederick , Ye Furong , Bäck Thomas , Doerr Carola 
Published: June 2024

Choosing a set of benchmark problems is often a key component of any empirical evaluation of iterative optimization heuristics. In continuous, single-objective optimization, several sets of problems have become widespread, including the well-established BBOB suite. While this suite is designed to enable rigorous benchmarking, it is also commonly used for testing methods such as algorithm selection, which the suite was never designed around.We present the MA-BBOB function generator, which uses the BBOB suite as component functions in an affine combination. In this work, we describe the full procedure to create these affine combinations and highlight the trade-offs of several design decisions, specifically the choice to place the optimum uniformly at random in the domain. We then illustrate how this generator can be used to gain more low-level insight into the function landscapes through the use of exploratory landscape analysis.Finally, we show a potential use-case of MA-BBOB in generating a wide set of training and testing data for algorithm selectors. Using this setup, we show that the basic scheme of using a set of landscape features to predict the best algorithm does not lead to optimal results, and that an algorithm selector trained purely on the BBOB functions generalizes poorly to the affine combinations.
Recent Advances in Immune-Based Therapies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Restelli Cecilia , Ruella Marco , Paruzzo Luca , Tarella Corrado , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Colombo Emanuela 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite advancements, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unconquered by current therapies. Evidence of immune evasion during AML progression, such as HLA loss and T-cell exhaustion, suggests that antileukemic immune responses contribute to disease control and could be harnessed by immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss a spectrum of AML immunotherapy targets, encompassing cancer cell-intrinsic and surface antigens as well as targeting in the leukemic milieu, and how they can be tailored for personalized approaches. These targets are overviewed across major immunotherapy modalities applied to AML: immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, therapeutic vaccines, bispecific/trispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T and CAR-NK cells.
Significance: Immune therapies in AML treatment show evolving promise. Ongoing research aims to customize approaches for varied patient profiles and clinical scenarios. This review covers immune surveillance mechanisms, therapy options like checkpoint inhibitors, antibodies, CAR-T/NK cells, and vaccines, as well as resistance mechanisms and microenvironment considerations.
Associations Between Life's Essential 8 and Insulin Resistance Among Nondiabetic Adults
Authors: Pang Shuo , Wang Yue , Sun Shuaifeng , Wang Shen , Li Fadong , Zhao Wenxin , Wu Xiaofan 
Published: June 2024

Background
Insulin resistance (IR) is closely linked to cardiometabolic diseases. Preventing and improving IR in nondiabetic populations is critically important. We aimed to investigate the relationship between Life's Essential 8 (LE8), the latest tool from the American Heart Association quantifying cardiovascular health, and IR among nondiabetic populations in the United States.

Methods and Results
This cross‐sectional study used data on 11 246 nondiabetic adults aged ≥20 years from the 2005 to 2018 the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The LE8 score was classified into 2 subscale scores: health factor score and health behavior score. IR was measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Weighted logistic and linear regression models analyzed associations among the LE8 score, health behavior score, health factor score, and IR. Restricted cubic spline models assessed dose–response relationships. Adjusted subgroup analyses and inverse probability of treatment weighting method also evaluated the LE8‐IR relationship. Of the 11 246 participants, 4860 (43.2%) had IR. The mean LE8 score was 70.07 (95% CI, 69.57–70.58). In fully adjusted models, higher LE8 scores were associated with lower IR odds (odds ratio per 10‐unit increase, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.54–0.61]). Nonlinear LE8‐IR dose–response was observed. Similar patterns were seen for health behavior and health factor subscores, with stronger IR correlations for health factors. The inverse LE8‐IR association was significantly more pronounced among White participants and those with higher education, higher income, and without hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or chronic kidney disease. Significant negative LE8‐IR associations persisted after inverse probability of treatment weighting.

Conclusions
LE8 and subscale scores are negatively associated with IR in a nonlinear relationship. Promoting optimal cardiovascular health adherence may improve IR in nondiabetic populations.
Patterns of Gestational Hypertension or Preeclampsia Across 2 Pregnancies in Relationship to Chronic Hypertension Development: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mussa Joseph , Rahme Elham , Dahhou Mourad , Nakhla Meranda , Dasgupta Kaberi 
Published: June 2024

Background
Gestational hypertension (GHTN) and preeclampsia are established risk indicators for chronic hypertension. While recurrence is associated with a greater risk, it is unclear whether there are differences in risk when these gestational complications occur for the first time in an earlier pregnancy versus first occurrence in a subsequent one. We hypothesized that the absence of recurrence reflects a transition toward a lower hypertension risk trajectory, whereas a new occurrence in a later pregnancy indicates a transition toward elevated risk.

Methods and Results
We analyzed linked data in Quebec, Canada, from public health care insurance administrative databases and birth, stillbirth, and death registries. Our retrospective cohort study included mothers with 2 singleton deliveries between April 1990 and December 2012. The primary exposure was patterns of GHTN or preeclampsia across 2 pregnancies (GHTN/preeclampsia in neither, first only, second only, or both). The outcome was incident chronic hypertension. We performed an adjusted multivariable Cox regression analysis. Among 431 980 women with 2 singleton pregnancies, 27 755 developed hypertension during the follow‐up period. Compared with those without GHTN/preeclampsia, those with GHTN/preeclampsia only in the first pregnancy had a 2.7‐fold increase in hazards (95% CI, 2.6–2.8), those with GHTN/preeclampsia only in the second had a 4.9‐fold increase (95% CI, 4.6–5.1), and those with GHTN/preeclampsia in both pregnancies experienced a 7.3‐fold increase (95% CI, 6.9–7.6). Patterns and estimates were similar when we considered GHTN and preeclampsia separately.

Conclusions
The magnitude of hypertension risk is associated with the number and sequence of GHTN/preeclampsia‐affected pregnancies. Considering both allows more personalized risk estimates.
Assessing the Role of Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Prognosis and Prevention of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Wang Jing , Yan Gaoliang , Wang Lei , Tang Chengchun 
Published: June 2024

This study evaluated the impact of Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA)-guided hydration therapy on contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). From April 2022 to January 2023, this prospective study at the Eastern General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army involved 902 adults with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) scheduled for PCI. BIVA measurements were performed pre-contrast, followed by a standard hydration regimen. The study focused on the development of CA-AKI and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, including all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) within 1 year post-PCI. Among the 902 patients (average age: 60.8 years, 65.2% men), CA-AKI post-PCI was observed in 10.8%. Those with CA-AKI had more comorbidities and higher baseline creatinine levels. The contrast volume-to-estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) ratio was higher in CA-AKI patients, with a significantly increased resistance/height ratio (R/H). High R/H values correlated with a greater risk of MACE and all-cause mortality within a year. The study underscores the importance of BIVA-guided hydration therapy and R/H ratio in predicting CA-AKI in PCI patients with stable CAD. Incorporating R/H ratio assessments may enhance pre-procedural risk assessment and improve long-term outcomes ( P = .0017).
Does Business Group Affiliation Enhance Firm-level Innovation? Evidence from Indian Automotive Components Industry
Authors: Prakash J. Vineesh , Nauriyal D. K. 
Published: June 2024

This article examines the determinants explaining the innovative behaviour of the firms operating in the Indian automotive components industry. The study uses an unbalanced panel of 114 firms operating in the components industry compiled from the Centre for Monitoring of Indian Economy database for the period 2000–2018 and employs the panel Tobit model estimated with the maximum likelihood estimator. The finding of the estimated models finds that various explanatory variables such as firm’s size, age, technology imports, overseas investment and affiliation to a business group exercise positive and significant effects on enhancing this industry’s technological capabilities, while other variables such as market share, firm’s leverage and business group affiliates with investments abroad have negative and significant effects. All these findings suggest that being outward-oriented in terms of overseas investments and being affiliated to a business group creates a significant difference in respect of the innovative behaviour of the firms in this industry. JEL Codes: O320, L620
Mapping Challenges for India’s Engineering Exports in South Asia
Authors: Sharma Saarthak 
Published: June 2024

In recent years, India has been rapidly formulating policies that aim at export promotion, enhancement of India’s export capacity, diversification of its exports to cater to a larger market and also provide incentives to those who wish to set up an industrial unit in India. While India aims at capturing a certain share of the global trade ratio, the challenges that the country faces in the process are immense. One of the categories of India’s exports, that is, engineering exports, has helped India capture a trade surplus with many of its trading partners. One of them is South Asia, where, due to recent political disturbances and lack of penetration of trading policies, the region has not developed into a trading hotspot. This article aims at explaining the reasons for this outcome as well as identifying the key problems with engineering exports that India should overcome to enhance its volume of trade in South Asia. JEL Codes: F10, F13
Using Separate Single-Outcome Risk Presentations Instead of Integrated Multioutcome Formats Improves Comprehension in Discrete Choice Experiments
Authors: Wallace Matthew J. , Weissler E. Hope , Yang Jui-Chen , Brotzman Laura , Corriere Matthew A. , Secemsky Eric A. , Sutphin Jessie , Johnson F. Reed , Marcos Gonzalez Juan , Tarver Michelle E. , Saha Anindita , Chen Allen L. , Gebben David J. , Malone Misti , Farb Andrew , Babalola Olufemi , Rorer Eva M. , Zikmund-Fisher Brian J. , Reed Shelby D. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction Despite decades of research on risk-communication approaches, questions remain about the optimal methods for conveying risks for different outcomes across multiple time points, which can be necessary in applications such as discrete choice experiments (DCEs). We sought to compare the effects of 3 design factors: 1) separated versus integrated presentations of the risks for different outcomes, 2) use or omission of icon arrays, and 3) vertical versus horizontal orientation of the time dimension. Methods We conducted a randomized study among a demographically diverse sample of 2,242 US adults recruited from an online panel (mean age 59.8 y, s = 10.4 y; 21.9% African American) that compared risk-communication approaches that varied in the 3 factors noted above. The primary outcome was the number of correct responses to 12 multiple-choice questions asking survey respondents to identify specific numbers, contrast options to recognize dominance (larger v. smaller risks), and compute differences. We used linear regression to test the effects of the 3 design factors, controlling for health literacy, graph literacy, and numeracy. We also measured choice consistency in a subsequent DCE choice module Results Mean comprehension varied significantly across versions ( P < 0.001), with higher comprehension in the 3 versions that provided separated risk information for each risk. In the multivariable regression, separated risk presentation was associated with 0.58 more correct responses ( P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.77) compared with integrated risk information. Neither providing icon arrays nor using vertical versus horizontal time formats affected comprehension rates, although participant understanding did correlate with DCE choice consistency. Conclusions In presentations of multiple risks over multiple time points, presenting risk information separately for each health outcome appears to increase understanding. Highlights When conveying information about risks of different outcomes at multiple time points, separate presentations of single-outcome risks resulted in higher comprehension than presentations that combined risk information for different outcomes. We also observed benefits of presenting single-outcome risks separately among respondents with lower numeracy and graph literacy. Study participants who scored higher on risk understanding were more internally consistent in their responses to a discrete choice experiment.
Mismatch repair protein deficiency in triple-negative breast carcinomas
Authors: Maraqa Bayan , Al- Ashhab Maxim , Zughaier Hamza , Barakat Fareed , Khader Majd , Al Maaitah Hussein , Alabweh Ruba , Sughayer Maher 
Published: June 2024

Background Breast cancer, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), poses a significant global health burden. Chemotherapy was the mainstay treatment for TNBC patients until immunotherapy was introduced. Studies indicate a noteworthy prevalence (0.2% to 18.6%) of mismatch repair protein (MMRP) deficiency in TNBC, with recent research highlighting the potential of immunotherapy for MMRP-deficient metastatic breast cancer. This study aims to identify MMRP deficiency in TNBC patients using immunohistochemistry. Methods A retrospective cohort study design was used and included TNBC patients treated between 2015 and 2021 at King Hussein Cancer Center. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to assess MMRP expression Results Among 152 patients, 14 (9.2%) exhibited deficient MMR (dMMR). Loss of PMS2 expression was observed in 13 patients, 5 of whom showed loss of MLH1 expression. Loss of MSH6 and MSH2 expression was observed in one patient. The median follow-up duration was 44 (3–102) months. Despite the higher survival rate (80.8%, 5 years) of dMMR patients than of proficient MMR patients (62.3%), overall survival did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusion Approximately 9% of TNBC patients exhibit dMMR. dMMR could be used to predict outcomes and identify patients with TNBC who may benefit from immunotherapy.
Left ventricular remodeling and its correlation with serum cardiac troponin I in patients with end-stage renal disease treated
Authors: Xie JiWen , Xie Jing , Xie DingXiong , Long XiaoLi 
Published: June 2024

Objective: To investigate the effects of different blood purification modes on left ventricular remodeling and its relationship with serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Method: A total of 108 patients with ESRD were selected, 55 cases were divided into hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion (HD + HP) group, in which patients participants accepted routine hemodialysis for three times/week and hemoperfusion for three times/month; 53 cases in hemodialysis combined with hemodialysis filtration (HD + HDF) group, routine hemodialysis three times/week + hemodialysis filtration three times/month. The total duration of dialysis in the study was 1 year. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels were measured before dialysis and 1 year after treatment, and related parameters were measured by echocardiography, including ventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVEDs), and left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMI). The paired t test was used within the group. Correlation analysis was performed using Spearman correlation analysis. Result: After treatment, the levels of cTnI, IVST, LVPWT, LVEDd, LVEDs, and LVMI in the two groups were increased, and the results were statistically significant (all p < 0.05). In addition, cTnI of the two groups was significantly correlated with IVST, LVPWT, LVEDd, LVEDs, and LVMI (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Left ventricular remodeling is common in patients with ESRD, HD + Hp, and HD + HDF cannot reduce the phenomenon of left ventricular remodeling, cTnI can be used as a predictor of left ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement.
Clinical features in Hodgkin lymphoma patients living with human immunodeficiency virus: A meta-analysis in the antiretroviral therapy era
Authors: Souza Amaxsell TB de , Andrade Fernanda RA de , Sarmento Ayane CA , Villarim Carolina C , Araújo-Filho Irami , Medeiros Kleyton S de 
Published: June 2024

Objective Evaluate the clinical features in people with Hodgkin's lymphoma living with HIV (HIV-HL) during the combination ART (cART) era. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods The study was conducted in accordance with the recommendations of 2020 PRISMA and MOOSE statements. The protocol was prospectively registered through the PROSPERO (CRD42021289520). Manuscripts published until July 2023 were systematically searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, with no language and year of publication restriction. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate a pooled proportion of each outcome using a random-effect analysis. Quality assessment was performed by using New-Castle Ottawa scale. Certainty of evidence was graded using the GRADE. Results Sixteen cohorts, representing 3.882 HIV-HL patients, were included in this review. Our findings indicate that HIV-HL patients showed a 2-year overall survival (OS) of 92% (95% CI 0.87, 0.95). However, the 5-year overall survival decreased to 79% (95% CI 0.74, 0.83), with a high certainty of evidence according to GRADE. Additionally, the 5-year progression-free survival declined to 79% and complete remission rate increased to 81%. Our meta-analysis indicates an increase for B symptoms (80%, 95% CI 0.75, 0.84) and extranodal involvement in bone marrow (43%, 95% CI 0.30, 0.47) among HIV-HL patients. Conclusion The HIV-HL patients showed a 2-year OS of 92%. However, the 5-year OS decreased to 79%. The reported main cause of mortality among HIV-HL patients was progression of HL. Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that cART is associated with improved short-term survival of HIV-HL patients.
The Effects of Aquatic Exercise Training on Functional and Hemodynamic Responses in Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Alikhajeh Yaser , Afroundeh Roghayyeh , Mohammad Rahimi Gholam Rasul , Bayani Baktash 
Published: June 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impacts of water exercise training on functional and hemodynamic responses in HF patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted until February 15, 2024, using multiple databases. Mean difference (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Sixteen studies, comprising 349 participants with HF, were included. Water exercise led to enhancements in peak VO2 (MD, 2.85 mL/kg/min; 95% CI, 1.89 to 3.80; p < .00001) and resting heart rate (MD, −4.16 bm; 95% CI, −6.85 to −1.46; p = .002) compared to no exercising controls. Water plus land exercise reduced resting heart rate (MD, −1.41 bm; 95% CI, −2.13 to −0.69; p = .0001) compared to land exercise alone. Furthermore, acute water exercises decreased resting heart rate (MD, −3.85 bm; 95% CI, −6.49 to −1.21; p = .004) and increased stroke volume (MD, 14.68 mL/beat; 95% CI, 8.57 to 20.79; p < .00001) and cardiac output (MD, 0.5 L/min; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.73; p < .00001) compared to baseline. Conclusion: These findings suggest that water exercise holds promise as an effective intervention for enhancing functional capacity and hemodynamic parameters in individuals with HF, highlighting the importance of further research to optimize its implementation and elucidate long-term benefits.