bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of PbeXTH1 and PbeSEOB1 is required for the Valsa canker resistance contributed by Wall‐associated kinase gene MbWAK1
Authors: Lu Yuan , Mao Xia , Wang Chao , Zheng Yan , Duo Hu , Sun E. , Yu Hongqiang , Chen Zhongjian , Zuo Cunwu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWall‐associated kinases (WAKs) have been determined to recognize pathogenic signals and initiate plant immune responses. However, the roles of the family members in host resistance against Valsa canker, a serious fungal disease of apples and pears, are largely unknown. Here, we identified MbWAK1 in Malus baccata, a resistant germplasm differentially expressed during infection by Valsa mali (Vm). Over‐expression of MbWAK1 enhanced the Valsa canker resistance of apple and pear fruits and ‘Duli‐G03’ (Pyrus betulifolia) suspension cells. A large number of phloem, cell wall, and lipid metabolic process‐related genes were differentially expressed in overexpressed suspension cell lines in response to Valsa pyri (Vp) signals. Among these, the expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) gene PbeXTH1 and sieve element occlusion B‐like (SEOB) gene PbeSEOB1 were significantly inhibited. Transient expression of PbeXTH1 or PbeSEOB1 compromised the expressional induction of MbWAK1 and the resistance contributed by MbWAK1. In addition, PbeXTH1 and PbeSEOB1 suppressed the immune response induced by MbWAK1. Our results enriched the molecular mechanisms for MbWAK1 against Valsa canker and resistant breeding.
The perceptual model: Emotions as possessed reasons
Authors: Vahid Hamid 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEmotions play vital roles in our psychology and our lives. They also often form the basis of our evaluative beliefs. On some views, emotions, like perceptions, justify the beliefs to which they give rise. It has, however, been claimed that, unlike perceptions, emotions are merely proxies for the genuine reasons that are constituted by their cognitive bases. In this paper, I argue that this objection arises from the failure to notice the difference between the notions of ‘reasons there are’ and ‘possessed reasons’. After developing an account of what it is to possess a reason, it will be argued that emotions do constitute genuine reasons for the evaluative beliefs that result from them. To support this claim, a distinction is made between thinner and thicker descriptions of the same event, where a thinner description may be in terms of the emotional response, whereas a thicker description may be in terms of possessing a normative reason to hold a belief or to act.
Impact of parity on prepartum activities and behaviour in dromedary camels under farm conditions
Authors: Mansour Nabil , AlKhateeb Rama , Lamghari Fouad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to assess the disparities in camel activities such as eating, drinking, sitting, standing, and sleeping between primiparous and multiparous females before parturition using computer vision. Also, any extraordinary behaviours during the final 2 h before parturition and the necessary manual interventions were meticulously recorded. Five primiparous (age: 4.5–7 years) and 7 multiparous (age: 8–14 years; parity: 2.1 ± 1.5) dromedary camels, were included in this study. Pre‐partum females were housed double in a parturition pen provided with two Reolink RLC‐810A cameras and the data were collected and recorded for each female. Two primiparous and 1 multiparous female required assistance in pulling the calf from both forelimbs to complete their parturition (27.3%). The drinking and sleeping activities were similar in primiparous and multiparous females during the recorded 32 h leading up to calving. Only eating activity exhibited a longer period in primiparous females compared to multiparous females specifically during the 12‐h before calving. Sitting activity was longer, and standing activity was shorter in multiparous than in primiparous females during the 24, 12, and 6 h before calving. All parturient camels, whether primiparous or multiparous, exhibited signs of distress. Some extraordinary behaviours were observed, such as two multiparous females attempting to deter their primiparous counterparts from eating. Additionally, three females displayed a distinctive standing position on their knees while their hind limbs were in a complete standing position for 3–5 min before transitioning to sitting or standing positions. Furthermore, one primiparous female stood while the head and forelimbs of the calf partially protruded from her vulva. In conclusion, the application of computer vision and deep learning technology proves valuable for observing prepartum camels under farm conditions, potentially reducing economic losses stemming from delayed human intervention in dystocia cases.
Did the nationwide implementation of electronic fund management in the Indian employment guarantee scheme result in reduced expenditures? A re‐examination of the evidence
Authors: Goel Deepti , Meenakshi J. V. , de Souza Zaeen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDigital tools are increasingly being used in welfare programmes to reduce corruption and increase transparency. Banerjee et al. (2020, E‐governance, accountability, and leakage in public programmes: experimental evidence from a financial management reform in India. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180302) evaluate the effectiveness of one such intervention. In a later section of their paper, they use a Two‐Way Fixed Effects (TWFE) specification to examine the consequences of the nationwide scale of an electronic funds management system in India's workfare programme, and report that it reduced expenditures by 19%. The present paper extends its analysis by (a) exploiting the recent literature that disaggregates the TWFE coefficient in the presence of staggered treatment timing to pinpoint sources of identifying variation and (b) attempting to uncover heterogeneity in treatment effects. We find that certain problematic comparisons have a large weight in the TWFE coefficient. Further, an event study analysis of the six constituent and valid comparisons shows that there is no support for parallel trends, so lag coefficients cannot be vested with causal interpretation. Our results imply that large‐scale evaluations, because of the very diversity they encompass, need to explicitly account for the factors that are responsible for programme effectiveness.
Do people know how suicidal they will be? Understanding suicidal prospection
Authors: Coppersmith Daniel D. L. , Jaroszewski Adam C. , Gershman Samuel J. , Cha Christine B. , Millner Alexander J. , Fortgang Rebecca G. , Kleiman Evan M. , Nock Matthew K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionLittle research has been done on how people mentally simulate future suicidal thoughts and urges, a process we term suicidal prospection.MethodsParticipants were 94 adults with recent suicidal thoughts. Participants completed a 42‐day real‐time monitoring study and then a follow‐up survey 28 days later. Each night, participants provided predictions for the severity of their suicidal thoughts the next day and ratings of the severity of suicidal thoughts over the past day. We measured three aspects of suicidal prospection: predicted levels of desire to kill self, urge to kill self, and intent to kill self. We generated prediction errors by subtracting participants' predictions of the severity of their suicidal thoughts from their experienced severity.ResultsParticipants tended to overestimate (although the average magnitude was small and the modal error was zero) the severity of their future suicidal thoughts. The best fitting models suggested that participants used both their current suicidal thinking and previous predictions of their suicidal thinking to generate predictions of their future suicidal thinking. Finally, the average severity of predicted future suicidal thoughts predicted the number of days participants thought about suicide during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsThis study highlights prospection as a psychological process to better understand suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Paradoxical and bimodal immune‐mediated dermatological side effects of TNF‐α inhibitors: A comprehensive review
Authors: Behrangi Elham , Moodi Farzan , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionDue to the increasing prevalence of immune‐mediated diseases such as psoriasis, lichen planus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, dermatologists have turned to new biologic drugs known as DMARDs (disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs) in recent years.Areas CoveredIn this study, we evaluate the immune‐mediated dermatological side effects of DMARDS by reviewing and analyzing previous peer‐reviewed research on the effects of TNF‐α inhibitors in the treatment of skin diseases, as well as adverse effects of these drugs and some of the main causes of these effects.Expert OpinionDMARDs are very effective in improving control of the above diseases. TNF‐α inhibitors are an important group of DMARDs that are widely used. The paradoxical adverse events (PAEs) associated with the use of TNF‐α inhibitors are divided into three categories: true paradoxical, borderline paradoxical, and non‐paradoxical. True PAEs include conditions for which TNF‐α inhibitors are approved for treatment. Borderline PAEs are considered to occur with this class of drugs for which there is no definite approval but for which there is sufficient evidence. Although these events are rare, early recognition of the accused drug and appropriate decision‐making may prevent progression of complications and irreversible side effects.
Building a socially accountable medical school: A layered analysis of the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine
Authors: Hoffman Miriam , Metzger Keith , Martinez Ofelia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIf medicine fundamentally exists to care for the wellbeing of individuals and societies, there should be a direct and comprehensive link between a medical school's social mission and its educational programme. We have not found a description of development or reform that utilises social mission to guide the comprehensive development of the educational programme. As a new school, we utilised a systematic mission‐driven approach to develop the curriculum, pedagogical methods and structure of the programme. Using layered analysis, this paper demonstrates how a school's mission can drive all aspects of the educational programme. This supports the transferability of this work to other schools so that they can achieve their unique missions.ApproachLayered analysis is used for reporting an intervention through three tiered lenses: philosophies, principles and techniques. This provides a structure to guide implementation and evaluation. It can also be used to transfer the innovation to other contexts.EvaluationEach principle guiding the school's development is linked to context specific techniques and drives the focus of programme evaluation. Evaluation approaches using these principles are described, including an example of composite student performance data in a core area of focus.ImplicationsThrough layered analysis of a medical school that developed and implemented a mission‐driven curriculum, this can enable other schools to transfer this approach to achieve their missions through the design and implementation of their programmes.
DePNR: A DeBERTa‐based deep learning model with complete position embedding for place name recognition from geographical literature
Authors: Li Weirong , Sun Kai , Wang Shu , Zhu Yunqiang , Dai Xiaoliang , Hu Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlace names play an important role in linking physical places to human perception and are highly frequently used in the daily lives of people to refer to places in natural language. However, many place names may not be recorded in typical gazetteers due to their new establishment, colloquial nature, and different concerns. These unrecorded toponyms are often discussed in geographical literature; thus, it is necessary to automatically identify them from geographical literature and update existing gazetteers using computational approaches. Currently, the most advanced approaches are deep learning‐based models. However, existing models used only partial position information rather than complete position information of words in a sentence, which limits their performance in recognizing toponyms. To this end, we develop DePNR, a DeBERTa‐based deep learning model with complete position embedding for place name recognition from geographical literature. We train DePNR on two datasets and test it on a real dataset from geographical literature to evaluate its performance. The results show that DePNR achieves an F‐score of 0.8282, outperforming previous approaches, and can recognize new toponyms from literature text, potentially enriching existing gazetteers.
Managing infectious challenges in the age of molecular‐targeted therapies for adult hematological malignancies
Authors: Shah Manan , El Chaer Firas , Ho Dora Y. , El Boghdadly Zeinab 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOver the last decade, the therapeutic landscape for hematological malignancies (HMs) has witnessed a remarkable surge in the development of novel biological and small‐molecule‐targeted immunomodulatory agents. These therapies have drastically improved survival, but some come at the cost of increased risk of bacterial, viral, and/or fungal infections and on‐target off‐tumor immunological side effects. To mitigate such risks, physicians must be well informed about infectious complications and necessary preventive measures, such as screening, vaccinations, and antimicrobial prophylaxis. Furthermore, physicians should be vigilant about the noninfectious side effects of these agents that can mimic infections and understand their potential drug–drug interactions with antimicrobials. Strengthening and harmonizing the current surveillance and reporting system for drug‐associated infections in real‐world settings is essential to better ascertain the potential infections associated with these agents. In this review, we aimed to summarize the infection risks associated with novel agents used for specific HMs and outline recommended strategies for monitoring and prophylaxis.
Impact Dynamics Simulation for Magnetorheological Fluid Saturated Fabric Barriers
Authors: Son Kwon Joong , Fahrenthold Eric P. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Experimental research has investigated the non-Newtonian fluid augmentation of fabric barrier materials, aimed at adding impact energy dissipation mechanisms and thereby improving ballistic performance. Published experimental results on the effectiveness of these augmentations are mixed, and numerical models supporting complimentary modeling research are lacking, primarily due to the multiple geometric and material nonlinearities present in the system. The combination of Hamiltonian mechanics with hybrid particle-element kinematics offers a very general modeling approach to impact simulation for these systems, one which includes interstitial fluid–structure interactions, the yarn level dynamics of projectile impacts, and yarn fracture without the introduction of slidelines and without mass or energy discard. Three-dimensional (3D) impact simulations show good agreement with published experiments for magnetorheological (MR) fluid-saturated Kevlar, including fabric tested under bulk field excitation of the target region and magnetomechanically edge-clamped fabric sliding in an excited air gap. The Hamiltonian method employed to develop the system-level model allows for computationally efficient partitioning of the modeled physics while maintaining a thermodynamically consistent formulation.
The Sport Experience Measure for Children and Youth (SEM:CY): A Rasch Validation Study
Authors: Jefferies Philip , Kwan Matthew Y.W. , Brown Denver M.Y. , Bruner Mark W. , Tamminen Katherine A. , Cairney John 
Published: May 2024

This study employed Rasch analyses to validate a novel measure of sport experience: the Sport Experience Measure: Children and Youth (SEM:CY). Analyses were applied to self-reported data of n = 503 young people (age 9–18 years, M = 12.91, 50% female) in Canada who were engaging in sport during the previous 12 months. The revised measure, consisting of 24 items on a 3-point response scale, demonstrated good fit statistics (e.g., item fit residual: M = −0.50, SD = 0.94 and person fit residual: M = −0.62, SD = 2.33), an ability to reliably discriminate between levels of sport experience, and an absence of differential item functioning for various groups (males and females, older and younger individuals, solo and team sports, and those playing at various competitive levels, including recreation). The SEM:CY is a succinct tool that can serve as a valuable means to gauge the quality of an individual’s sport experience, which can facilitate positive youth development and sustain participation across the life span.
Assessment of the hypothetical protein BB0616 in the murine infection of
Borrelia burgdorferi
Authors: Thompson Christina , Waldron Connor , George Sierra , Ouyang Zhiming 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

bb0616
of
Borrelia burgdorferi
, the Lyme disease pathogen, encodes a hypothetical protein of unknown function. In this study, we showed that BB0616 was not surface-exposed or associated with the membrane through localization analyses using proteinase K digestion and cell partitioning assays. The expression of
bb0616
was influenced by a reduced pH but not by growth phases, elevated temperatures, or carbon sources during
in vitro
cultivation. A transcriptional start site for
bb0616
was identified by using 5′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends, which led to the identification of a functional promoter in the 5′ regulatory region upstream of
bb0616
. By analyzing a
bb0616
-deficient mutant and its isogenic complemented counterparts, we found that the infectivity potential of the mutant was significantly attenuated. The inactivation of
bb0616
displayed no effect on borrelial growth in the medium or resistance to oxidative stress, but the mutant was significantly more susceptible to osmotic stress. In addition, the production of global virulence regulators such as BosR and RpoS as well as virulence-associated outer surface lipoproteins OspC and DbpA was reduced in the mutant. These phenotypes were fully restored when gene mutation was complemented with a wild-type copy of
bb0616
. Based on these findings, we concluded that the hypothetical protein BB0616 is required for the optimal infectivity of
B. burgdorferi
, potentially by impacting
B. burgdorferi
virulence gene expression as well as survival of the spirochete under stressful conditions.
Counterclockwise rotation of the flagellum promotes biofilm initiation in
Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Liu Xiaolin , Lertsethtakarn Paphavee , Mariscal Vanessa T. , Yildiz Fitnat , Ottemann Karen M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Motility promotes biofilm initiation during the early steps of this process: microbial surface association and attachment. Motility is controlled in part by chemotaxis signaling, so it seems reasonable that chemotaxis may also affect biofilm formation. There is a gap, however, in our understanding of the interactions between chemotaxis and biofilm formation, partly because most studies analyzed the phenotype of only a single chemotaxis signaling mutant, e.g.,
cheA
. Here, we addressed the role of chemotaxis in biofilm formation using a full set of chemotaxis signaling mutants in
Helicobacter pylori
, a class I carcinogen that infects more than half the world’s population and forms biofilms. Using mutants that lack each chemotaxis signaling protein, we found that chemotaxis signaling affected the biofilm initiation stage, but not mature biofilm formation. Surprisingly, some chemotaxis mutants elevated biofilm initiation, while others inhibited it in a manner that was not tied to chemotaxis ability or ligand input. Instead, the biofilm phenotype correlated with flagellar rotational bias. Specifically, mutants with a counterclockwise bias promoted biofilm initiation, e.g., ∆
cheA
, ∆
cheW
, or ∆
cheV1
; in contrast, those with a clockwise bias inhibited it, e.g., ∆
cheZ
, ∆
chePep
, or ∆
cheV3
. We tested this correlation using a counterclockwise bias-locked flagellum, which induced biofilm formation independent of the chemotaxis system. These CCW flagella, however, were not sufficient to induce biofilm formation, suggesting there are downstream players. Overall, our work highlights the new finding that flagellar rotational direction promotes biofilm initiation, with the chemotaxis signaling system operating as one mechanism to control flagellar rotation.

IMPORTANCE

Chemotaxis signaling systems have been reported to contribute to biofilm formation in many bacteria; however, how they regulate biofilm formation remains largely unknown. Chemotaxis systems are composed of many distinct kinds of proteins, but most previous work analyzed the biofilm effect of loss of only a few. Here, we explored chemotaxis’ role during biofilm formation in the human-associated pathogenic bacterium
Helicobacter pylori
. We found that chemotaxis proteins are involved in biofilm initiation in a manner that correlated with how they affected flagellar rotation. Biofilm initiation was high in mutants with counterclockwise (CCW) flagellar bias and low in those with clockwise bias. We supported the idea that a major driver of biofilm formation is flagellar rotational direction using a CCW-locked flagellar mutant, which stays CCW independent of chemotaxis input and showed elevated biofilm initiation. Our data suggest that CCW-rotating flagella, independent of chemotaxis inputs, are a biofilm-promoting signal.
16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data from an Australian wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Romanis C. S. , Timms V. J. , Crosbie N. D. , Neilan B. A. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Amplicon sequencing data of the 16S rRNA (V1-V3) gene from 56 effluent and sediment samples from an Australian wastewater treatment plant are reported. Proteobacteria (3.50%–90.09%), Actinobacteria (0.02%–45.71%), and Cyanobacteria (0.05%–63.73%) were dominant in the effluent. The sediment samples were dominated by Proteobacteria (13.14%–84.83%), Chloroflexi (0.84%–42.52%), and Firmicutes (1.54%–17.21%).