bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trichoderma harzianum enhances root biomass production and promotes lateral root growth of soybean and common bean under drought stress
Authors: Battaglia Marina E. , Martinez Sergio I. , Covacevich Fernanda , Consolo Verónica F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDrought stress (DS) is one of the main environmental stresses that determines crop productivity. It has been estimated that DS depresses over 40%–60% of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide, respectively. Although different agronomic strategies are sometimes implemented, the current goal in sustainable agriculture could involve the inoculation with native microorganisms to mitigate DS effects. A potential fungal candidate is Trichoderma, which is recognized as a ubiquitous soil inhabitant with growth‐promoting and biocontrol potentiality. However, its potential for mitigating the stress for water deficit is less well‐documented. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with native Trichoderma harzianum strains on soybean and common bean growth under contrasting conditions of water availability. Seeds were independently inoculated (or not) with IB‐J15 and IB‐363 strains, and plants were submitted to DS or were kept under optimal irrigation (well‐watered, WW). In both legumes, the most evident effect after being inoculated was the modification of plant root architecture, the increase in root area and the development of lateral roots in plants under WW and DS conditions. In soybean, both Trichoderma strains had a positive inoculation response, both fresh and dry root biomass increased under WW, and remarkably under DS conditions. The main effect was an increase of about 110% in root dry weight under WW and, about 330% in DS in plants inoculated with IB‐J15 strain, meanwhile, plants inoculated with IB‐363 increased root dry weight 60% in WW and 177% in DS conditions. Notably in soybean, the inoculation with both Trichoderma strains increased the root area more than 70% in both WW and DS conditions. Common beans inoculated with IB‐363 under WW conditions, reached a positive inoculation responsiveness of around 247% in shoot dry weight biomass, and under WW both strains increased the root area more than 50%. Further, IB‐363 increased leaf area by 25% in WW and 72% in DS. Additionally, the in vitro co‐culture between both Trichoderma strains and nodulating Rhizobium etli and Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 showed compatibility between microorganisms, since no inhibition of their growth was observed. We emphasize that plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed better resistance to water deficit, as seen by redistribution of photosynthates, prioritizing mainly, the development of the root system. © 2024 Association of Applied Biologists.
Population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation of tranexamic acid in adult trauma patients
Authors: Stitt Gideon , Spinella Philip C. , Bochicchio Grant V. , Roberts Ian , Downes Kevin J. , Zuppa Athena F. 
Published: May 2024

AimsThe aim of this study is to describe the disposition of tranexamic acid (TXA) in adult trauma patients and derive a dosing regimen that optimizes exposure based on a predefined exposure target.MethodsWe performed a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) analysis of participants enrolled in the Tranexamic Acid Mechanisms and Pharmacokinetics in Traumatic Injury (TAMPITI) trial (≥18 years with traumatic injury, given ≥1 blood product and/or requiring immediate transfer to the operating room) who were randomized to a single dose of either 2 or 4 g of TXA ≤2 h from time of injury. PopPK analysis was conducted using nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling (NONMEM). Simulations were then performed using the final model to generate estimated plasma TXA concentrations in 1000 simulated participants. Dosing schemes were evaluated to determine maintenance of TXA plasma concentrations >10 mg/L for ≥8 h after administration of the initial dose.ResultsTXA PK was best described by a two‐compartment model with proportional residual error and allometric scaling on all parameters. Platelet count, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation measured by near‐infrared spectroscopy and interleukin‐8 concentration were significant covariates on TXA clearance. Based on simulations, a 2 g IV bolus dose, repeated 3 h later, best achieved the target exposure.ConclusionsAccording to simulations from a popPK model of TXA, a 2 g IV bolus with a repeated dose 3 h later would be most likely to maintain concentrations >10 mg/L for 8 h in >95% of adult trauma patients and should be considered for patients with ongoing haemorrhage.
How mothers talk to their children about failure, mistakes and setbacks is related to their children's fear of failure
Authors: Peterson Elizabeth R. , Sharma Tanvi , Bird Amy , Henderson Annette M. E. , Ramgopal Varun , Reese Elaine , Morton Susan M. B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMany people fear failure and making mistakes. This fear can be transmitted from parents to children, suggesting that parental communication regarding failures and setbacks may play a critical role in shaping a child's perception of mistakes.AimsIn this study, we investigated how everyday parent‐child conversations about setbacks influence children's fear of making mistakes.SampleDrawing on the large pre‐birth Growing Up in New Zealand cohort, we focused on a sub‐sample of 231 mother‐child dyads who engaged in a recorded conversations about a "recent disappointment or setback" when the children were 8 years old.MethodConversations between mothers and children about the recent disappointments were coded to identify whether parents recognised or acknowledge their child's emotional response, if action plans were discussed, and the types of resources that the child could draw on. The children also completed a questionnaire about their global self‐worth and their fear of making mistakes.Results and ConclusionsThe discussion of clear action plans, in the absence of a discussion about collaborative resources, was found to be associated with an increased fear of making mistakes among children. Conversely, when mothers clearly acknowledged their child's emotions and discussed ways to work collaboratively with their child on future problems, there was a notable decrease in the child's fear of mistakes. However, it is noteworthy that many mothers in our study either minimally acknowledged or dismissed their child's emotions(40%), rarely discussed action plans (55%), or collaborative resources (79%)when discussing the recent setback.
Quantifying farm sustainability through the lens of ecological theory
Authors: Storkey Jonathan , Maclaren Chloe , Bullock James M. , Norton Lisa R. , Redhead John W. , Pywell Richard F. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThe achievements of the Green Revolution in meeting the nutritional needs of a growing global population have been won at the expense of unintended consequences for the environment. Some of these negative impacts are now threatening the sustainability of food production through the loss of pollinators and natural enemies of crop pests, the evolution of pesticide resistance, declining soil health and vulnerability to climate change. In the search for farming systems that are sustainable both agronomically and environmentally, alternative approaches have been proposed variously called ‘agroecological’, ‘conservation agriculture’, ‘regenerative’ and ‘sustainable intensification’. While the widespread recognition of the need for more sustainable farming is to be welcomed, this has created etymological confusion that has the potential to become a barrier to transformation. There is a need, therefore, for objective criteria to evaluate alternative farming systems and to quantify farm sustainability against multiple outcomes. To help meet this challenge, we reviewed the ecological theories that explain variance in regulating and supporting ecosystem services delivered by biological communities in farmland to identify guiding principles for management change. For each theory, we identified associated system metrics that could be used as proxies for agroecosystem function. We identified five principles derived from ecological theory: (i) provide key habitats for ecosystem service providers; (ii) increase crop and non‐crop habitat diversity; (iii) increase edge density: (iv) increase nutrient‐use efficiency; and (v) avoid extremes of disturbance. By making published knowledge the foundation of the choice of associated metrics, our aim was to establish a broad consensus for their use in sustainability assessment frameworks. Further analysis of their association with farm‐scale data on biological communities and/or ecosystem service delivery would provide additional validation for their selection and support for the underpinning theories.
Immediate versus early loading of immediately placed bone‐level tapered dental implants with hydrophilic surface in full arch maxillary rehabilitation: A pilot randomized clinical trial with 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Marković Aleksa , Todorović Ana , Glišić Mirko , Marković Jovana , Ilić Branislav , Janjić Bojan , Mišić Tijana , Trifković Branka , Vučić Uroš , Šćepanović Miodrag , Dard Michel M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to compare implant stabilities between the immediate and early loaded, immediately placed bone‐level tapered dental implants in the maxilla and to evaluate marginal bone loss (MBL), oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), and patient satisfaction at a 2‐year follow‐up. A pilot, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on 24 maxillary failing dentition patients. The bone‐level tapered implants of 12 patients were immediately loaded with temporary restorations, while the other 12 patients did not receive any kind of temporization. Implant‐supported screw‐retained complete porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal prostheses were delivered to all patients in the seventh postoperative week. The insertion torque values of implants assigned to the immediate and early loading groups were 33.0 ± 4.87 and 29.26 ± 8.31 Ncm, respectively. The dynamics of implant stability changes from implant placement up to a 2‐year follow‐up were similar for both groups (Penguin®, p = 0.268; Ostell®, p = 0.552), while the MBL was at submillimeter level. The cumulative implant survival rate was 91.80% for immediately loaded implants and 97.22% for early loaded implants, without significant difference (p = 0.162). The total score on the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire significantly decreased over time in both groups, indicating improvement in OHRQoL (p < 0.001), and the high level of patient satisfaction remained after 2 years of function regardless of a loading protocol. Both loading protocols, immediate and early, of six immediately placed bone‐level tapered dental implants are an adequate treatment choice for fixed rehabilitation of the maxillary failing dentition.
Stigma by association among alcohol and other drug and harm reduction workers: Implications for workplace outcomes
Authors: Brener Loren , Caruana Theresa , Cama Elena , Gilford Candice , Crawford Sione , Capell‐Hattam Thomas , von Hippel Courtney 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe negative attitudes people hold towards those who use alcohol or other drugs (AOD) can also affect the people who work with this community, leading to lowered productivity and wellbeing. The impact of this stigma by association in the AOD and harm reduction sector is particularly significant because workers may have lived experience of AOD use and identify strongly with their client group. This study aimed to examine how stigma by association among health workers in the AOD/harm reduction sector relates to workplace outcomes. A secondary aim was to explore how lived experience influences experiences of stigma by association.MethodsThe research used a cross‐sectional survey design and data collection occurred in 2023. Australian AOD/harm reduction workers (n = 228) completed an online survey assessing stigma by association as well as various workplace outcomes measures.ResultsParticipants who reported experiencing more stigma by association experienced poorer workplace wellbeing, higher burnout and greater intentions to leave the AOD/harm reduction field. Experiences of stigma by association were unrelated to job satisfaction. Additional analyses revealed that participants with lived experience reported higher levels of job satisfaction and lowered intentions to leave the sector, but findings of stigma by association and its impacts on workplace outcomes did not differ from those without lived experience.Discussion and ConclusionsIdentifying staff experiences of stigma by association and developing support and advocacy mechanisms to address this is likely to be key to reducing these experiences and ultimately to increasing positive workplace outcomes for AOD and harm reduction staff.
Ethical issues in dental education—A cross‐sectional study with pre‐clinical and clinical dental students
Authors: Goetz Katja , Gutermuth Ann‐Christine , Wenz Hans‐Jürgen , Groß Dominik , Hertrampf Katrin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlthough ethics is an indispensable part of dental education, it has not yet played a relevant role in the dental curriculum in Germany. The study aimed at assessing their prior knowledge of ethical aspects, and their expectations of and wishes for ethics course of dental students, preclinical vs. clinical, at the dental school Kiel, Germany by means of a validated questionnaire.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional study design was used. The study population consisted of dental students, from pre‐clinical (n = 105) and clinical semesters (n = 110). In January 2019, each student completed a validated questionnaire to identify semester‐specific ethical teaching content. Besides descriptive analyses, Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare pre‐clinical and clinical students.ResultsA total of 215 dental students, with a mean age of 25.3 (SD 4.1), participated in the study, of which 150 were female (69.8%) and 65 were male students (30.2%). The results in the areas of ‘previous knowledge of ethical issues’ and ‘expectations and desires in terms of teaching medical ethics’ showed similarities and differences between pre‐clinical and clinical students. Both groups stated that they need training in ethics. Moreover, especially clinical students recognize that more ethical competence is needed if the first patient contact will start.ConclusionThe study indicates that there is a clear need for ethics education. Student awareness of the relevance of ethical competences and the perception of ethical problems increased progressively during the course of their studies. Overall, the study provides good support for the development of specific ethics courses.
A simple PCR‐based method for detecting Anagyrus lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Prochiloneurus pulchellus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), primary and hyper parasitoids of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Takano Shun‐ichiro , Nguyen Ngoc Hung , Le Thi Xuyen , Htwe Ah Nge , Takasu Keiji 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEstimating parasitism rates in the field is essential for developing and evaluating biocontrol strategies using parasitoids. In this study, we developed a simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method for detecting parasitism of the cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti Matile‐Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) by the primary parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi De Santis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and its hyperparasitoid Prochiloneurus pulchellus Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Primers were designed to amplify partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes of each species, and their sensitivity was evaluated with mealybugs that had been parasitized by A. lopezi 0, 3, and 6 days earlier, and mummified mealybugs containing A. lopezi pupae that had been parasitized by P. pulchellus 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days earlier. The detection rate of parasitism by A. lopezi was 100% for all ages of A. lopezi. The detection rate of parasitism by P. pulchellus ranged from 94.1% to 100%, depending on its developmental stage. For P. pulchellus, template DNA was diluted 10 times before PCR because PCR with the original concentration showed low detection rates, presumably due to the presence of PCR inhibitors. Overall, our primers can be considered sufficiently sensitive to be used for detecting each species.
Spatial variation in spring arrival patterns of Afro‐Palaearctic bird migration across Europe
Authors: Border Jennifer A. , Boersch‐Supan Philipp H. , Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Hewson Chris M. , Howard Christine , Stephens Philip A. , Willis Stephen G. , Houston Alasdair I. , Gargallo Gabriel , Baillie Stephen R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimGeographical patterns of migrant species arrival have been little studied, despite their relevance to global change responses. Here, we quantify continent‐wide interspecific variation in spatiotemporal patterns of spring arrival of 30 common migrant bird species and relate these to species characteristics and environmental conditions.LocationEurope.Time Period2010–2019.Major Taxa StudiedBirds, 30 species.MethodsUsing citizen science data from EuroBirdPortal, we modelled arrival phenology for 30 Afro‐Palaearctic migrant species across Europe to extract start and duration of species arrival at a 400 km square resolution. We related inter and intraspecific variation in arrival and duration to species characteristics and temperature at the start of the growing season (green‐up).ResultsSpatial variation in start of arrival times indicates that it took, on average, 1.6 days for the leading migratory front to move northwards by 100 km (range: 0.6–2.5 days). There was a major gradient in arrival phenology, from species which arrived earlier, least synchronously, in colder temperatures and progressed slowly northwards to species which arrived later, most synchronously and in warmer temperatures and advanced quickly through Europe. The slow progress of early arrivers suggests that temperature limits their northward advance; this group included Aerial Insectivores and species wintering north of the Sahel. For the late arrivers, which included species wintering further south, seasonal resource availability in Africa may delay their arrival into Europe.Main ConclusionsWe found support for the green‐wave hypothesis applying widely to migratory landbirds. Species arrival phenologies are linked to ecological differences between taxa, such as diet, and wintering location. Understanding these differences informs predictions of species' sensitivity to global change. Publishing these arrival phenologies will facilitate further research and have additional conservation benefits such as informing designation of hunting seasons. Our methods are applicable to any taxa with repeated occurrence data across large scales.
Erythrocytosis: Diagnosis and investigation
Authors: Noumani Iman , Harrison Claire N. , McMullin Mary Frances 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn absolute erythrocytosis is present when the red cell mass is greater than 125% of the predicted. This is suspected when the hemoglobin or hematocrit is above the normal range. An erythrocytosis can be classified as primary or secondary and congenital or acquired. The commonest primary acquired disorder is polycythemia vera. The diagnostic criteria for PV have evolved over time and this is the main diagnosis managed in hematology clinics. There are a variety of rare congenital causes both primary and secondary. In particular in young patients and/or those with a family history a congenital cause is suspected. There remains a larger cohort with acquired erythrocytosis mainly with non‐hematological pathology. In order to explore for a cause of erythrocytosis, measurement of the erythropoietin level is a first step. A low erythropoietin level indicates a primary cause and a normal or elevated level indicates a secondary etiology. Further investigation is then dictated by initial findings and includes mutational testing with PCR and NGS for those in whom a congenital cause is suspected. Following this possibly bone marrow biopsy, scans, and further investigation as indicated by history and initial findings. Investigation is directed toward the identification of those with a hematological disorder which would be best managed following guidelines in hematology clinics and referral elsewhere in those for whom there are non‐hematological reasons for the elevated hemoglobin.
Photodynamic diagnosis‐assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor for high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer improves intravesical recurrence‐free survival (BRIGHT study)
Authors: Kawai Taketo , Matsuyama Hideyasu , Kobayashi Keita , Ikeda Atsushi , Miyake Makito , Nishimoto Koshiro , Matsushita Yuto , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Kiyohide , Oyama Masafumi , Miyake Hideaki , Azuma Haruhito , Inoue Keiji , Mitsui Takahiko , Kawakita Mutsushi , Oyama Chikara , Mizokami Atsushi , Abe Takashige , Kuroiwa Hajime , Kume Haruki 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesIn a primary analysis of data from the BRIGHT study (UMIN000035712), photodynamic diagnosis‐assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (PDD‐TURBT) using oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride reduced residual tumors in high‐risk non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDD‐TURBT for intravesical recurrence after a second transurethral resection for high‐risk NMIBC.MethodsHigh‐risk NMIBC patients initially treated with PDD‐TURBT (PDD group) were prospectively registered between 2018 and 2020. High‐risk patients with NMIBC who were initially treated with white‐light TURBT (WL group) were retrospectively registered. Intravesical recurrence‐free survival after the second transurethral resection was compared between the PDD and WL groups using propensity score matching analysis.ResultsIn total, 177 patients were enrolled in the PDD group, and 306 patients were registered in the WL group. After propensity score matching (146 cases in each group), intravesical recurrence within 1 year was significantly less frequent in the PDD group than in the WL group (p = 0.004; hazard ratio [HR] 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.77). In subgroup analysis, PDD‐TURBT showed a particularly high efficacy in reducing intravesical recurrence within 1 year, especially in cases of tumors measuring less than 3 cm (p = 0.003; HR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14–0.67), absence of residual tumor at second transurethral resection (p = 0.020; HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16–0.86), and no postoperative intravesical Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin therapy (p < 0.001; HR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13–0.58).ConclusionsPDD‐TURBT may reduce short‐term intravesical recurrence in patients with high‐risk NMIBC.
Constitutive Flt3 signaling impacts conventional dendritic cell function
Authors: Wilson Kayla R , Macri Christophe , Villadangos Jose A , Mintern Justine D 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of dendritic cells (DCs) depends on signaling via the FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) receptor. How Flt3 signaling impacts terminally differentiated DC function is unknown. This is important given the increasing interest in exploiting Flt3 for vaccination and tumor immunotherapy. Here, we examined DCs in mice harboring constitutively activated Flt3 (Flt3‐ITD). Flt3ITD/ITD mice possessed expanded splenic DC subsets including plasmacytoid DC, conventional DC (cDC)1, cDC2, double positive (DP) cDC1 (CD11c+ CD8+ CD11b− CD103+ CD86+), noncanonical (NC) cDC1 (CD11c+ CD8+ CD11b− CD103− CD86−) and single positive (SP) cDC1 (CD11c+ CD8+ CD11b− CD103− CD86+). Outcomes of constitutive Flt3 signaling differed depending on the cDC subset examined. In comparison with wild type (WT) DCs, all Flt3ITD/ITD cDCs displayed an altered surface phenotype with changes in costimulatory molecules, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and II (MHC II). Cytokine secretion patterns, antigen uptake, antigen proteolysis and antigen presenting function differed between WT and Flt3ITD/ITD subsets, particularly cDC2. In summary, Flt3 signaling impacts the function of terminally differentiated cDCs with important consequences for antigen presentation.