bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basics of cytology
Authors: Al-Abbadi Mousa A 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis overview is intended to give a general outline about the basics of Cytopathology. This is a field that is gaining tremendous momentum all over the world due to its speed, accuracy and cost effectiveness. This review will include a brief description about the history of cytology from its inception followed by recent developments. Discussion about the different types of specimens, whether exfoliative or aspiration will be presented with explanation of its rule as a screening and diagnostic test. A brief description of the indications, utilization, sensitivity, specificity, cost effectiveness, speed and accuracy will be carried out. The role that cytopathology plays in early detection of cancer will be emphasized. The ability to provide all types of ancillary studies necessary to make specific diagnosis that will dictate treatment protocols will be demonstrated. A brief description of the general rules of cytomorphology differentiating benign from malignant will be presented. Emphasis on communication between clinicians and pathologist will be underscored. The limitations and potential problems in the form of false positive and false negative will be briefly discussed. Few representative examples will be shown. A brief description of the different techniques in performing fine needle aspirations will be presented. General recommendation for the safest methods and hints to enhance the sensitivity of different sample procurement will be given. It is hoped that this review will benefit all practicing clinicians that may face certain diagnostic challenges requiring the use of cytological material.
Comparing and Selecting Performance Measures Using Rank Correlations
Authors: Caporin Massimiliano , Lisi Francesco 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The financial economics literature proposes dozens of performance measures to be used, for instance, to compare, analyse, rank and select assets. There is thus a problem: which measures should be considered? We extend the current literature by comparing a large set of performance measures over more than one thousand of equities included in the Standard & Poor’s 1500 index. We evaluate performance measures by mean of rank correlations, exploiting the possible dynamic evolution of the rank correlations, and proposing a method for the identification of the subset of measures which are not equivalent. Our empirical study highlights that recent and more flexible measures provide different asset ranks compared to classical approaches, and that the set of equivalent performance measures is not stable over time.
In Vivo Study of Nutritive Value of Oil Seeds from New Varieties of Sunflower, Safflower and Groundnut
Authors: Ingale Satish , Shrivastava S. K. 
Published: August 2011

The nutritive value of new varieties of oil seeds has been assessed in a series of feeding trial with 34 days old 18 white rats supported moderate rat growth (male albino). The nutritive values of five new varieties of oil seeds, viz sunflower ( Helianths annuus L.) variety LSF -11 and LSF-8 , safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) variety PBNS-12 and PBNS-40, and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety JL-24 were determined and compared in terms of the total feed intake, faeces voided, feed utilization, percent of feed utilization, nitrogen intake, nitrogen voided, nitrogen utilization, percent of nitrogen utilization, protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio per rat per day were reported in ranged between 6.56 to 8.03, 1.20 to 1.48, 5.26 to 6.55, 80.15 to 82.70, 0.25 to 0.32, 0.02 to 0.028, 0.23 to 0.30, 90.75 to 92.89, (+)1.37 to (+)1.51 and (+)0.35 to (+)0.37 percent respectively. These new varieties of oil seeds were found non-toxic for rats and supported moderate rat growth.
Relation of intimate partner violence to salivary cortisol among couples expecting a first child
Authors: Feinberg Mark E. , Jones Damon E. , Granger Douglas A. , Bontempo Daniel 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDespite advances in understanding the role that several physiological systems play in the occurrence of general violence, little progress has been made toward understanding biological correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV). We explored involvement of one physiological system, the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. Among 137 heterosexual couples expecting a first child, baseline level of HPA activity—assessed via salivary cortisol collected before a couple conflict discussion—was linked to both men's and women's violence perpetration. HPA reactivity to the conflict bout did not show an independent association with IPV. However, persisting elevation in men's, and down‐regulation in women's, HPA activity during a further recovery period was linked to men's violence perpetration. Aggr. Behav. 37:492–502, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progress in Bionanocomposite and Bioinspired Foams
Authors: Darder Margarita , Aranda Pilar , Ferrer M. Luisa , Gutiérrez María C. , del Monte Francisco , Ruiz‐Hitzky Eduardo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSignificant progress is described in the development of cellular solids, specifically functional and multifunctional foams, prepared by bioinspired approaches and consisting of green components. This article covers recent examples mainly developed at the Materials Science Institute of Madrid, ICMM‐CSIC, on bionanocomposites and bioinspired materials conformed as foams. These novel hierarchical porous systems bring out a broad range of advanced applications from biomedical purposes to energy generation and storage.
Identification of genomic aberrations associated with disease transformation by means of high‐resolution SNP array analysis in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Rumi Elisa , Harutyunyan Ashot , Elena Chiara , Pietra Daniela , Klampfl Thorsten , Bagienski Klaudia , Berg Tiina , Casetti Ilaria , Pascutto Cristiana , Passamonti Francesco , Kralovics Robert , Cazzola Mario 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). These disorders may undergo phenotypic shifts, and may specifically evolve into secondary myelofibrosis (MF) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We studied genomic changes associated with these transformations in 29 patients who had serial samples collected in different phases of disease. Genomic DNA from granulocytes, i.e., the myeloproliferative genome, was processed and hybridized to genome‐wide human SNP 6.0 arrays. Most patients in chronic phase had chromosomal regions with uniparental disomy (UPD) and/or copy number changes. Disease progression to secondary MF or AML was associated with the acquisition of additional chromosomal aberrations in granulocytes (P = 0.002). A close relationship was observed between aberrations of chromosome 9p (UPD and/or gain) and progression from PV to post‐PV MF (P = 0.002). The acquisition of one or more aberrations involving chromosome 5, 7, or 17p was specifically associated with progression to AML (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.2–27.7, P = 0.006), and significantly affected overall survival (HR 18, 95% CI 1.9–164, P = 0.01). These observations indicate that disease progression from chronic‐phase MPN to secondary MF or AML is associated with specific chromosomal aberrations that can be detected by means of high‐resolution SNP array analysis of granulocyte DNA. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure, mechanical, and fracture properties of nanoreinforced and HNBR‐toughened polyamide‐6
Authors: Siengchin Suchart , Karger‐Kocsis József 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) and synthetic nanofillers, viz. water‐swellable sodium fluorohectorite (FH) and water dispersible boehmite alumina (BA), were used to toughen and reinforce polyamide‐6 (PA‐6). FH and BA were introduced in HNBR latex that was dried prior to melt mixing with PA‐6. Binary blend (PA‐6/HNBR) and ternary nanocomposites (PA‐6/HNBR/nanofiller) were produced and their structure–property relationships studied. HNBR was coarsely and microscale dispersed in PA‐6. FH, slightly intercalated, was present in PA‐6 and in the PA‐6/HNBR interphase, whereas BA was mostly located in the HNBR droplets. HNBR improved the ductility of the PA‐6/HNBR blend at cost of stiffness and strength. The fracture toughness and energy, determined on notched Charpy specimens at different temperatures (T = −30°C, room temperature, and T = 80°C) were improved by blending with HNBR at 9 wt %. Additional incorporation of the nanofillers in 2.5 wt % enhanced the stiffness and strength of the PA‐6/HNBR blend but reduced its ductility. The fracture toughness of the ternary nanocomposites was between those of PA‐6 and PA‐6/HNBR, whereas their fracture energy fairly agreed with that of the parent PA‐6. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Study of chitosan and its derivatives as preservatives for field natural rubber latex
Authors: Loykulnant Surapich , Kongkaew Chaveewan , Chaikumpollert Oraphin , Sanguanthammarong Promsak , Na Ubol Preeyawis , Suchiva Krisda 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, the chitosan and its derivatives were tested for their preservative activities for field natural rubber (NR) latex. A series of chitosans with different molecular weights were obtained by nitrous acid depolymerization. The chemically modified chitosans, N‐carboxymethyl chitosan (NCMCh), N‐sulfated chitosan (NSCh), and N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (NHTACh), were prepared from high and low‐molecular weight chitosans. Preservative activities for field NR latex of these chitosans were investigated based on the measurement of volatile fatty acids (VFA) number of the treated latex. The preservative activities of chitosan increased with decreasing molecular weights. The low‐ molecular weight NSCh and NHTACh exhibited good preservative activity for the latex. By the use of low‐molecular weight NHTACh in combination with octylphenol poly (ethyleneglycolether) (Nonidet P40), the latex was successfully preserved for more than 1 month in the low‐ammonia condition. The results showed an attractive feature to develop the preservative system, which was possible to reduce the concentrations of ammonia and carcinogenic nitrosamine in the NR latex. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Conducting bicomponent fibers obtained by melt spinning of PA6 and polyolefins containing high amounts of carbonaceous fillers
Authors: Strååt Martin , Rigdahl Mikael , Hagström Bengt 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMelt spinning of conductive polymer composites (CPCs) is coupled with some difficulties such as a decrease of conductivity upon drawing and a reduced spinnability with increasing filler concentration. Applying bicomponent technology may provide the possibility to produce fibers from CPCs with a high filler concentration. A pilot‐scale bicomponent melt spinning set‐up was used to produce core/sheath fibers with fiber titers between 13 and 47 dtex. The sheath material was polyamide 6 (PA6) or polypropylene (PP) and the core material was a CPC. Two CPCs were used, polypropylene (PP) with carbon black (CB), denoted by PP/CB, and polyethylene (PE) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT), denoted by PE/MWNT. The results showed that both materials could be used with a filler concentration of 10 wt % to obtain melt draw ratios up to 195. The volumetric fraction of core material in the bicomponent structure was 28%. A heat treatment of PP/CB fibers restored the conductivity to the level of the undrawn material, corresponding to an increase in conductivity by a factor 5. The same heat treatment had a positive effect on the conductivity of PE/MWNT fibers although the conductivity was not restored. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Enhanced molecular orientation and strain hardening in melt‐spun isotactic polypropylene monofilaments through partial melting recrystallization
Authors: Li Zhujun , Na Bing , Tian Nana , Lv Ruihua , Zou Shufen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAchieving high molecular orientation, by increasing spinning velocity and/or postdrawing, is critical to improve the mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) fibers. In this study, we have demonstrated that upon annealing around melting point the molecular orientation of both amorphous and crystalline phases in melt‐spun iPP monofilaments is significantly enhanced, in parallel with the improved stability of crystals, because of partial melting and oriented recrystallization. As a result, high level stress and remarkable strain hardening are generated during stretching of annealed monofilaments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Nanostructure and viscoelasticity of layered silicate nanocomposite–electrolyte supports
Authors: Cardoso Judith , Romo‐Uribe Angel , Flores Araceli 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere is the need for novel polyelectrolytes with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. In this report, we have reinforced a polyelectrolyte based on poly(dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) (PDMAEM) using nanoclay montmorillonite (MMT), and have studied the thermal and viscoelastic properties. The protonated polymer (PDMAEMH) was solution mixed with functionalized MMT. Recognizing that the sort of surfactant may have a profound influence on the physical properties of the polymer matrix, neat MMT, and MMT treated with different surfactants (sulfobetaine and ammonia) were used, and the concentration of the nanofiller was varied from 1 to 5%w/w. Strikingly, while PDMAEM exhibited a glass transition temperature Tg of 32°C, the protonated PDMAEMH showed Tg = 155°C. Master curves obtained by applying the time‐temperature superposition principle showed that PDMAEM behaved predominantly elastic (G″ < G′) suggesting an entangled polymer melt. However, PDMAEMH exhibited much longer relaxation times, a shift of ca. seven decades in frequency, suggesting that ionic interactions significantly hampered the molecular dynamics. X‐ray scattering demonstrated that lower concentration and sulfobetaine surfactant favored exfoliation whereas ammonia and untreated MMT favored intercalation of the nanoplates. Furthermore, an enhancement in dynamic storage shear modulus was observed for the nanocomposites exhibiting intercalated morphologies relative to those displaying an exfoliated morphology. It is then suggested that the molecular dynamics is further slowed down due to confinement of the macromolecules between the nanoplates. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Properties and structure of MWNTs/cellulose composite fibers prepared by Lyocell process
Authors: Lu Jiang , Zhang Huihui , Jian Yihui , Shao Huili , Hu Xuechao 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLyocell fiber is a new kind of regenerated cellulose fiber and expected to replace the Rayon fiber to be not only used in the textile field but also used in the fields of industry and aerospace after being modified. In this work, the multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/Lyocell composite fibers were prepared under different draw ratios by dry‐wet spinning and their electrical properties, mechanical properties, and structure were investigated. It was found that an appropriate amount of MWNTs could be dispersed homogeneously in the Lyocell matrix and could improve the mechanical and thermal properties of composite fiber. The results of wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) showed that the MWNTs in the composite fiber almost aligned along the axis of the fibers and the orientation of MWNTs increased with the increasing draw ratio. Furthermore, it was found that more MWNTs content and lower draw ratio could improve the electrical conductance of the composite fiber. The composite fiber containing 5 wt % MWNTs has a volume conductivity of 8.8 × 10−4 S/cm, which is five orders higher than that of pure Lyocell fiber. These results indicate that the MWNTs/Lyocell composite fiber has potential applications in the areas of precursor of carbon fiber and conductive fiber. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Nonisothermal degradation kinetics for epoxy resin systems containing polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane
Authors: Wang Jiangbo , Zhan Yeyong , Fang Jianghua , Gao Haoqi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe thermal degradation behaviors of polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane/epoxy resin (PMPSQ/EP) systems were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under nonisothermal conditions in nitrogen atmosphere. During nonisothermal degradation, Kissinger's and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa's methods were both used to analyze the thermal degradation process. The results showed that a remarkable increase of activation energy was observed in the presence of PMPSQ, which indicated that the addition of PMPSQ retarded the thermal degradation of EP. Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa's method further revealed that PMPSQ significantly increased the activation energy of EP thermal degradation especially in the early and final stage of thermal degradation process, which illustrated that the PMPSQ stabilized the char layer and improved the flame retardancy of EP. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Study on wettability improvement and its uniformity of wool fabric treated by atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Wang Chunxia , Qiu Yiping 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe influence of processing parameters on wettability improvement and its uniformity of wool fabric treated by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was explored. A woven wool fabric was treated by APPJ under various treatment conditions such as different treatment time, different oxygen flow rate, and different jet‐to‐substrate distance. The water absorption time of wool fabric was measured to determine wettability improvement. The diffusion photo of water droplet on wool fabric surface was taken by digital camera to reflect wettability uniformity. After APPJ treatment, SEM observation showed that the scales on the wool fiber surface directly facing plasma jet pores were destroyed than those on the other fiber surface. XPS analysis showed that the carbon concentration substantially decreased. The concentration of oxygen and nitrogen significantly increased and but the concentration of sulfur and silicon did not obviously changed. With the addition of oxygen gas, more polar groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl produced on wool fiber surface. The water absorption time of wool fabric greatly reduced indicating wettability improvement. The diffusion of water droplet on wool fabric surface was also larger and more homogenous suggesting uniform plasma treatment. It was concluded that the wettability improvement and its uniformity of the treated wool fabric increased and then decreased with the increasing oxygen flow rate and jet‐to‐substrate distance, and increased with the increasing treatment time. Therefore to achieve reasonable wettability and its uniformity of the wool fabric treated by APPJ, plasma treatment conditions have to be carefully chosen. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Self‐assembly of rod‐coil molecules into lateral chain‐length‐dependent supramolecular organization
Authors: Zhong Ke‐Li , Wang Qi , Chen Tie , Huang Zhegang , Yin Bingzhu , Jin Long Yi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this article, we report synthesis and characterization of the self‐assembly behavior of coil‐ rod‐coil molecules, consisting of four biphenyls and a p‐terphenyl unit linked together with ether bonds as a rod segment. These molecules contain lateral methyl or ethoxymethyl groups at 2 and 5 positions of the middle benzene ring of p‐terphenyl. The self‐assembling behavior of these materials was investigated by means of DSC, POM, and SAXS in the bulk state. The results reveal that self‐assembling behavior of these molecules is dramatically influenced by a lateral methyl or ethoxymethyl groups in the middle of rod segment. In addition, molecule with PEO (DP = 17) coil chains of identical coil volume fraction to the corresponding molecule connected by PPO (DP = 12) coil chains, shows diverse self‐organizing behavior that may result from the parameters of cross‐sectional area of coil segment and the steric hindrance at the rod/coil interface. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Selective hydrogenation of nitrile‐butadiene rubber catalyzed by thermoregulated phase transfer phosphine rhodium complex
Authors: Ning Simin , Yang Shoufa , Wei Xinpeng , Wang Weimin , Zhang Liqun , Yue Dongmei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHydrogenation of polymer having CC double bond can be carried out with the metal–organic complex as catalyst, which has the property of themoregulated phase transfer. In this study, a new complex RhCl[PPh[(OCH2CH2)5≤n≤6CH3]2]3 (Rh/AEOPP) was synthesized with a good yield, which was further used as catalyst to selectively hydrogenated nitrile‐butadiene rubber (HNBR). This is the first time that Rh/AEOPP complex was synthesized and applied in nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) hydrogenation. The result shows that hydrogenation degree of product (HNBR) can be extended to 90%, when the condition is [Cat] = 3% (based the weight of NBR), L2: Cat (Weight Ratio) = 2, [NBR] = 5% (based on the weight of xylene solution), P (H2) = 1.5 MPa, T = 155°C, and t = 8 h. Also, by adjusting temperature, the catalyst could be easily separated from products with 89% catalyst complex recovery. In addition, 1H‐NMR and infrared (IR) spectra showed that CC double bonds in NBR was successfully hydrogenated without causing reduction of the CN group. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Processing‐dependent high impact polystyrene/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene tri‐block copolymer/carbon black antistatic composites
Authors: Tang Weihua , Liu Beibei , Liu Zhiwei , Tang Jian , Yuan Huilin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe electrical resistivity and morphology of high impact polystyrene (HIPS)/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene triblock copolymer (SBS)/carbon black (CB) blends were studied. Their antistatic sheets were prepared by both compression‐molding and extrusion calendaring process, with their surface morphology observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images reveal better dispersion of CB achieved in extrusion‐calendering, resulting in low percolation threshold values in HIPS composites. Higher compression ratio and higher drawing speed (corresponding lower sheet thickness) are beneficial to get better CB dispersion, leading to decreased conductivity for the antistatic sheets. SEM images indicate that strong shear forces in extrusion tend to break the conductive network of CB, resulting in increased surface resistivity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Poly(dimethylsiloxane‐b‐styrene) diblock copolymers prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization: Kinetic model
Authors: Guan Cheng‐Mei , Luo Zheng‐Hong , Tang Pei‐Ping 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWell‐defined polydimethylsiloxane‐block‐polystyrene (PDMS‐b‐PS) diblock copolymers were prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a functional PDMS‐macro RAFT agent. The RAFT polymerization kinetics was simulated by a mathematical model for the RAFT polymerization in a batch reactor based on the method of moments. The model described molecular weight, monomer conversion, and polydispersity index as a function of polymerization time. Good agreements in the polymerization kinetics were achieved for fitting the kinetic profiles with the developed model. In addition, the model was used to predict the effects of initiator concentration, chain transfer agent concentration, and monomer concentration on the RAFT polymerization kinetics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011