bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Expression and Activity in the Absence of Germinal Centers: Insights into Hyper-IgM Syndrome
Authors: Kuraoka Masayuki , Liao Dongmei , Yang Kaiyong , Allgood Sallie D. , Levesque Marc C. , Kelsoe Garnett , Ueda Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Somatic hypermutation normally occurs as a consequence of the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) by Ag-activated, mature B cells during T cell-dependent germinal center responses. Nonetheless, despite their inability to express CD154 and initiate GC responses, patients with type 1 hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM1) support populations of IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells that express mutated Ig genes. The origin of these mutated B cells is unknown; the IgM+IgD+CD27+ cells do not express AID and appear to acquire mutations independent of stringent selection by Ag. Here, we demonstrate that immature/transitional 1 B cells from the bone marrow of CD154-deficient mice express AID and acquire Ig mutations that lack the hallmarks of antigenic selection via BCR signaling. Comparable levels of AID expression was found in developmentally immature B cells recovered from murine fetal liver and from human immature/transitional 1 B cells recovered from umbilical cord blood. AID expression in human fetal liver was also robust, approaching that of human tonsil tissue and the human germinal center B cell line, Ramos. These observations led us to conclude that AID expression in developing human B cells is the origin of the mutated IgM+IgD+CD27+ B cells present in HIGM1 patients, and we propose that both mice and humans share a latent, AID-dependent pathway for the preimmune diversification of B lymphocytes that is more prominent in chicken, sheep, and rabbits.
Brachial Artery-To-Brachial Vein Arterio-Venous Fistula in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Nezakatgoo Nosrahtollah , Sanders John T. , Jones Deborah P. 
Published: August 2009

The National Kidney Foundation's Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (NKF-DOQI) guidelines, produced in 1997, emphasized the superiority of arterio-venous fistulae (AVF) as vascular access in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Challenges in pediatric hemodialysis patients include poor superficial venous vasculature. We describe an approach to brachial artery to brachial vein AVF creation in a pediatric dialysis patient. The fistula is patent for greater than one year after creation. A great deal of passion and enthusiasm is a prerequisite for successful and technically challenging cases such as the one described.
Dependence of initial cluster aggregation kinetics on shear rate for particles of different sizes under turbulence
Authors: Ehrl Lyonel , Soos Miroslav , Morbidelli Massimo , Bäbler Matthäus Ulrich 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInitial aggregation kinetics for three particle sizes and broad range of Péclet numbers were investigated under turbulent conditions in stirred tank. This allowed us to observe the transition from diffusion‐controlled to purely shear‐induced aggregation. The evolution of the root‐mean‐square radius of gyration, zero‐angle intensity of scattered light, and obscuration was obtained by small‐angle static light scattering. For a given particle size the measured evolution of all integral quantities obtained for various volume average shear rates 〈G〉, scales with a dimensionless time, τexp = αexp × 〈G〉 × ϕ × t. The experimentally obtained aggregation efficiency αexp, follows the power law αexp = Pe−n, where Pe is the primary particle Péclet number. With increasing particle size a decrease in n is observed in accordance with theory and literature data. As previously predicted by population balance equation simulations three aggregation regimes were observed experimentally. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Secondary clonal cytogenetic abnormalities following successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Batzios Crisoula , Hayes Lachlan A. , He Simon Z. , Quach Hang , McQuilten Zoe K. , Wall Meaghan , Campbell Lynda J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTo identify patients who developed secondary clonal cytogenetic aberrations (CCA) following therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), we retrospectively analyzed cytogenetic results from 123 patients diagnosed with APL between 1995 and 2007, who had ongoing cytogenetic analysis undertaken in our laboratory. During follow‐up for APL we identified 12 patients (9.8%) who developed CCA, not detected at diagnosis of APL and unrelated to their original APL karyotype. All patients had received all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy and were in complete remission for APL when secondary CCA were identified. The median latency period between diagnosis of APL and emergence of secondary CCA was 27.5 months (range: 2–54 months). To date, four patients with CCA have been diagnosed with therapy‐related myelodysplastic syndrome (t‐MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (t‐AML), giving a median t‐MDS/AML free survival of 78 months, with follow‐up ranging between 20 and 136 months from APL diagnosis. Three patients have died: two patients died of t‐AML and another developed relapsed APL with persistence of his secondary clone but no diagnosis of t‐MDS/AML and died from transplant‐related complications. Two patients are alive with t‐MDS. Seven patients with CCA are alive with no morphological evidence of MDS at the time of their last known follow‐up; thus median survival has not been reached. The appearance of these abnormalities in the absence of morphological evidence of MDS in the majority of patients is unusual, and highlights the importance of continued cytogenetic follow‐up in these patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Variations in the mechanical properties of Alouatta palliata molar enamel
Authors: Darnell Laura A. , Teaford Mark F. , Livi Kenneth J.T. , Weihs Timothy P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTeeth have provided insights into many topics including primate diet, paleobiology, and evolution, due to the fact that they are largely composed of inorganic materials and may remain intact long after an animal is deceased. Previous studies have reported that the mechanical properties, chemistry, and microstructure of human enamel vary with location. This study uses nanoindentation to map out the mechanical properties of Alouatta palliata molar enamel on an axial cross‐section of an unworn permanent third molar, a worn permanent first molar, and a worn deciduous first molar. Variations were then correlated with changes in microstructure and chemistry using scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe techniques. The hardness and Young's modulus varied with location throughout the cross‐sections from the occlusal surface to the dentin‐enamel junction (DEJ), from the buccal to lingual sides, and also from one tooth to another. These changes in mechanical properties correlated with changes in the organic content of the tooth, which was shown to increase from ∼6% near the occlusal surface to ∼20% just before the DEJ. Compared to human enamel, the Alouatta enamel showed similar microstructures, chemical constituents, and magnitudes of mechanical properties, but showed less variation in hardness and Young's modulus, despite the very different diet of this species. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The location of white matter lesions and gait—A voxel‐based study
Authors: Srikanth Velandai , Phan Thanh G. , Chen Jian , Beare Richard , Stapleton Jennifer M. , Reutens David C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLittle is known about the influence of cerebral white matter lesion (WML) location on gait. We applied partial least squares regression in brain magnetic resonance imaging scans (n = 385) to evaluate which WML voxel systems were independently associated with a composite gait score and identified affected tracts using a diffusion tensor imaging template. Bilateral frontal and periventricular WML‐affected voxels corresponding to major anterior projection fibers (thalamic radiations, corticofugal motor tracts) and adjacent association fibers (corpus callosum, superior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, short association fibers) showed the greatest covariance with poorer gait. WMLs probably contribute to age‐related gait decline by disconnecting motor networks served by these tracts. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:265–269
Development of a virtual reality training curriculum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Aggarwal R , Crochet P , Dias A , Misra A , Ziprin P , Darzi A 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
Training within a proficiency-based virtual reality (VR) curriculum may reduce errors during real surgical procedures. This study used a scientific methodology for development of a VR training curriculum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods
Inexperienced (had performed fewer than ten laparoscopic cholecystectomies), intermediate (20–50) and experienced (more than 100) surgeons were recruited. Construct validity was defined as the ability to differentiate between the three levels of experience, based on simulator-derived metrics for nine basic skills, four procedural tasks and full laparoscopic cholecystectomy on a high-fidelity VR simulator. Inexperienced subjects performed ten repetitions for learning curve analysis. Proficiency measures were based on the performance of experienced surgeons.

Results
Thirty inexperienced, 11 intermediate and 16 experienced operators were recruited. Eight of nine basic skills and three of four procedural tasks were found to be construct valid. The full procedure revealed significant intergroup differences for time (1541, 673 and 816 s; P = 0·002), movements (1021, 595 and 638; P = 0·006) and path length (2038, 1235 and 1303 cm; P = 0·033). Learning curves plateaued between the second and ninth sessions.

Conclusion
This study shows that it is possible to define and develop a whole-procedure VR training curriculum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy using structured scientific methodology.
Laparoscopic and open treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Belli G , Limongelli P , Fantini C , D'Agostino A , Cioffi L , Belli A , Russo G 
Published: August 2009

Abstract

Background
Few studies have compared survival and recurrence rates between laparoscopic and open liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of 179 liver resections performed for HCC in cirrhotic liver between 2000 and 2007 was performed.

Results
Fifty-four patients underwent a laparoscopic resection and 125 patients had open surgery. Histopathological features were largely comparable in the two groups. Tumours operated laparoscopically were smaller than those removed at open operation and laparoscopic liver resection was less extensive. Laparoscopic surgery had a lower morbidity rate than open surgery (19 versus 36·0 per cent; P = 0·020), whereas 30-day mortality was similar (2 versus 4·0 per cent; P = 0·615). After a median follow-up of 24 months, 1- and 3-year survival rates were 94 and 67 per cent in the laparoscopic group. Recurrence rates were similar after laparoscopic and open procedures (45 versus 52·5 per cent; P = 0·381), as was disease-free survival (P = 0·864).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic resection of HCC in cirrhotic liver is feasible and safe in selected patients. Adequate long-term survival and recurrence is achieved compared with open surgery, when stratified for tumour characteristics known to be related to survival outcome.
Factors influencing survival after complete resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Watanabe K , Nagai K , Kobayashi A , Sugito M , Saito N 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of complete (R0) resection for pulmonary metastases of colorectal carcinoma, and to clarify prognostic factors for survival that could be used to identify patients likely to benefit most from pulmonary resection.MethodsData on 113 patients who underwent R0 resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer were reviewed. Overall median follow-up was 49 (range 1–140) months. Clinical and pathological factors were reviewed, and prognostic factors influencing survival were identified.ResultsThe overall 5-year survival rate was 67·8 per cent. Multivariable Cox hazard regression analysis revealed that the prethoracotomy serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level and lymphatic invasion by pulmonary tumour correlated significantly with survival. The 5- and 7-year survival rates of patients with a prethoracotomy CEA level below 5 ng/ml and no lymphatic invasion by pulmonary tumour were 94 and 79 per cent respectively. Pathological features of the primary colorectal cancer, previous hepatectomy for liver metastasis and repeated thoracotomy had no impact on survival.ConclusionLong-term survival can be expected after R0 resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer, particularly in patients with a prethoracotomy CEA level below 5 ng/ml and no lymphatic invasion by pulmonary tumour.
Production of Hydrogen from Dimethyl Ether over Supported Rhodium Catalysts
Authors: Halasi Gyula , Bánsági Tamás , Solymosi Frigyes 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInfrared (IR) spectroscopy revealed that dimethyl ether (DME) undergoes partial dissociation on pure and rhodium‐containing CeO2 at 300 K to yield methoxy and methyl species. This process is promoted by the presence of rhodium. By means of thermal desorption measurements (TPD), the adsorption of DME on Rh/CeO2 at 300 K and subsequent decomposition of DME (Tp≈370 K), releasing H2, CO, CO2, and CH4, with Tp between 420 and 673 K, were ascertained. Rh/CeO2 is an effective catalyst for the decomposition of DME to give H2 (29–35 %), CO (27–30 %) and CH4 (32–38 %) as major products with complete conversion at 673–723 K. Adding water to DME changed the product distribution and increased the selectivity of H2 formation from 30–35 % to 58 % at 723 K. In situ IR spectroscopy showed absorption bands of CO at 2034 and 1893 cm−1 during the reaction at 673–773 K. Deactivation of the catalyst did not occur at 773 K during the time measured (approximately 10 h). Rh deposited on carbon Norit also exhibited a high activity towards the decomposition of DME, but the selectivity towards hydrogen was lower.
Peristaltic transport and heat transfer of a MHD Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity
Authors: Nadeem S. , Akbar Noreen Sher , Hameed M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe influence of temperature‐dependent viscosity and magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of an incompressible, viscous Newtonian fluid is investigated. The governing equations are derived under the assumptions of long wavelength approximation. A regular perturbation expansion method is used to obtain the analytical solutions for the velocity and temperature fields. The expressions for the pressure rise, friction force and the relation between the flow rate and pressure gradient are obtain. In addition to analytical solutions, numerical results are also computed and compared with the analytical results with good agreement. The results are plotted for different values of variable viscosity parameter β, Hartmann number M, and amplitude ratio ϕ. It is found that the pressure rise decreases as the viscosity parameter β increases and it increases as the Hartmann number M increases. Finally, the maximum pressure rise (σ=0) increases as M increases and β decreases. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Working memory in early Alzheimer's disease: a neuropsychological review
Authors: Huntley J. D. , Howard R. J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundReports of the extent of working memory (WM) impairment in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been inconsistent. Using the model of WM proposed by Baddeley, neuropsychological evidence for the impairment of WM in early AD is evaluated.MethodLiterature searches were performed using Medline, PsycINFO and Embase databases. Individual papers were then examined for additional references not revealed by computerised searches.ResultsPhonological loop function is intact at the preclinical and early stages of AD, becoming more impaired as the disease progresses. In mild AD, there is impairment on tasks assessing visuospatial sketchpad (VSS) function; however, these tasks also require executive processing by the central executive system (CES). There is evidence that the CES is impaired in mild AD and may be affected in the earlier preclinical stage of the disease. Episodic buffer function may be impaired but further research is required.ConclusionsFuture research into central executive functioning at the earliest stages of the disease, combined with further longitudinal studies, needs to be carried out. Tasks to assess the proposed functions of the episodic buffer and specific tests of the VSS suitable for AD subjects need to be developed and validated. Learning more about these processes and how they are affected in AD is important in understanding and managing the cognitive deficits seen in the early stages of AD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anterolateral thigh flap
Authors: Wong Chin‐Ho , Wei Fu‐Chan 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a versatile soft tissue flap. It can be harvested as a fasciocutaneous or myocutaneous flap. Vascularized fascia can be included or the pedicle may be harvested as a flow‐through flap. The flap can also be harvested incorporating multiple skin islands or as a chimeric flap incorporating separate skin and muscle components. When a large flap is needed, the entire lateral thigh can be harvested by combining the ALT with either the tensor fascia lata or the anteromedial thigh flap as a conjoined flap. Morbidity is remarkably minimal despite the availability of such generous amounts of tissue. The purported difficulty with the use of this flap is because of the anatomical variations that may render this flap unreliable. This paper clarifies the vascular anatomy of the flap and elaborates an approach to flap harvest that can be used to reliably harvest the flap in spite of the anomalies that may be encountered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Current concepts and new horizons in conservation laryngeal surgery: An important part of multidisciplinary care
Authors: Holsinger F. Christopher , Nussenbaum Brian , Nakayama Meijin , Saraiya Sonal , Sewnaik Aniel , Ark Nebil , Ferris Robert L. , Tufano Ralph P. , McWhorter Andrew J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackgroundNew surgical techniques in conservation laryngeal surgery (CLS) have emerged over the past 20 years and now offer a viable “organ‐preservation” approach for patients with laryngeal cancer. We review traditional and new CLS procedures and summarize the functional and oncologic outcomes of CLS in both primary and salvage settings.MethodsWe searched the literature by accessing Medline for articles from 1991 to 2007 on primary or salvage surgery (open and transoral) for laryngeal neoplasms.ConclusionOur review of the literature suggests that proper selection of patients for CLS can yield long‐term local control rates equal to or better than those obtained using radiation‐based approaches. We believe that CLS should be directly compared with radiation or chemoradiation to further refine the indications for each kind of treatment in cases of primary and recurrent/refractory laryngeal cancer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Imaging engineered tissues using structural and functional optical coherence tomography
Authors: Liang Xing , Graf Benedikt W. , Boppart Stephen A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAs the field of tissue engineering evolves, there will be an increasingly important need to visualize and track the complex dynamic changes that occur within three‐dimensional constructs. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), as an emerging imaging technology applied to biological materials, offers a number of significant advantages to visualize these changes. Structural OCT has been used to investigate the longitudinal development of engineered tissues and cell dynamics such as migration, proliferation, detachment, and cell‐material interactions. Optical techniques that image functional parameters or integrate multiple imaging modalities to provide complementary contrast mechanisms have been developed, such as the integration of optical coherence microscopy with multiphoton microscopy to image structural and functional information from cells in engineered tissue, optical coherence elastography to generate images or maps of strain to reflect the spatially‐dependent biomechanical properties, and spectroscopic OCT to differentiate different cell types. From these results, OCT demonstrates great promise for imaging and visualizing engineered tissues, and the complex cellular dynamics that directly affect their practical and clinical use. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of 99Mo/99mTc alumina generator in the labeling of metoprolol for diagnostic purposes
Authors: Amin A. M. , El‐Azony K. M. , Ibrahim I. T. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractLabeling of metoprolol by technetium‐99m in pertechnetate form (99mTcO) eluted from a 99Mo/99mTc alumina generator in the presence of stannous chloride dihydrate was carried out via chelation reaction. The reaction parameters that affect the labeling yield such as metoprolol concentration, stannous chloride dihydrate concentration, reaction temperature, and pH of the reaction mixture were studied to optimize the labeling conditions. Using 1 GBq 99mTcO, 500 µg metoprolol as substrate dissolved in 500 µL phosphate buffer at pH 9 and 50 µL of stannous chloride as reducing agent (1 mg/mL) at 25°C for 30 min reaction time, a maximum radiochemical yield of 99mTc‐metoprolol (92%) was obtained. 99mTc‐metoprolol was characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The specific activity of 99mTc‐metoprolol obtained was 888 MBq/1.88 mmol. The biological distribution in normal mice showed that 99mTc‐metoprolol is rapidly concentrated after injection in the heart, which indicates its suitability for heart imaging. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometry combined with oxidative labeling for exploring protein structure and folding
Authors: Konermann Lars , Stocks Bradley B. , Pan Yan , Tong Xin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis review discusses various mass spectrometry (MS)‐based approaches for exploring structural aspects of proteins in solution. Electrospray ionization (ESI)–MS, in particular, has found fascinating applications in this area. For example, when used in conjunction with solution‐phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX), ESI–MS is a highly sensitive tool for probing conformational dynamics. The main focus of this article is a technique that is complementary to HDX, that is, the covalent labeling of proteins by hydroxyl radicals. The reactivity of individual amino acid side chains with.OH is strongly affected by their degree of solvent exposure. Thus, analysis of the oxidative labeling pattern by peptide mapping and tandem mass spectrometry provides detailed structural information. A convenient method for.OH production is the photolysis of H2O2by a pulsed UV laser, resulting in oxidative labeling on the microsecond time scale. Selected examples demonstrate the use of this technique for structural studies on membrane proteins, and the combination with rapid mixing devices for characterizing the properties of short‐lived protein (un)folding intermediates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:651–667, 2010