bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of prions and translation
Authors: Wickner Reed B. , Edskes Herman K. , Shewmaker Frank P. , Kryndushkin Dmitry , Nemecek Julie , McGlinchey Ryan , Bateman David 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPrions are infectious proteins, without the need for an accompanying nucleic acid. Nonetheless, there are connections of prions with translation and RNA, which we explore here. Most prions are based on self‐propagating amyloids. The yeast [PSI+] prion is an amyloid of Sup35p, a subunit of the translation termination factor. The normal function of the Sup35p prion domain is in shortening the 3′ polyA of mRNAs and thus in mRNA turnover. The [ISP+] prion is so named because it produces antisuppression, the opposite of the effect of [PSI+]. Another connection of prions with translation is the influence on prion propagation and generation of ribosome‐associated chaperones, the Ssbs, and a chaperone activity intrinsic to the 60S ribosomal subunits. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Translation > Translation Regulation
Optic neuropathy in methylmalonic acidemia: the role of neuroprotection
Authors: Pinar‐Sueiro Sergio , Martínez‐Fernández Ricardo , Lage‐Medina Sergio , Aldamiz‐Echevarria Luis , Vecino Elena 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe report the case of a patient with an optic neuropathy induced by neurotoxicity in the setting of methylmalonic acidemia. The patient responded with a significant and long‐term improvement in visual acuity, perimetry, and chromatic function after a neuroprotective treatment with vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 was started. Coenzyme Q10 levels had been proven to be normal before starting treatment. This case report is particularly important because it describes a possible treatment for optic neuropathy in methylmalonic patients. Although the response might be, in part, specific to the individual, it suggests the existence of a cause–effect relationship between the treatment undergone by our patient and the improvement in her visual acuity. To date, no other treatments with beneficial effects have been reported for the few optic neuropathies caused by methylmalonic acidemia. Further studies should determine the applicability of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E for the treatment of optic neuropathies in methylmalonic acidemia.
Surface Properties and Thermodynamic Parameters of Some Sugar‐Based Ethoxylated Amine Surfactants: 1—Synthesis, Characterization, and Demulsification Efficiency
Authors: Abdel‐Raouf Manar El‐Sayed , Abdul‐Raheim Abdul‐Raheim Mahmoud , Abdel‐Azim Abdel‐Azim Ahmed 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSeveral ethoxylated sugar‐based amine surfactants have been synthesized and characterized by IR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The surface activity of the prepared compounds has been thoroughly studied and some of their surface properties (such as CMC, Γmax, and Amin) have been calculated. The surface properties of the prepared compounds were correlated to their chemical structure. It was found that CMC decreases when increasing the molecular weight of polyethylene glycols, whereas Amin increases. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization were also calculated. They include ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS of micellization and adsorption. The data show that the synthesized surfactants favor adsorption, so that they can be used as demulsifiers for crude oil emulsions. In this respect, the demulsification test was carried out and the results of demulsification efficiency were correlated to the chemical composition of the investigated compounds. Some factors that affect the demulsification efficiency were also considered.
“Managing Up” Can Improve Teamwork in the OR
Authors: Smith Sandra Lee 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHolding each team member accountable for following policies and behaving professionally in the work environment should be the responsibility of all perioperative personnel, not just the department manager. A culture in which employees “manage up” is one in which they communicate with each other in respectful ways and feel comfortable correcting each other when they see negative behaviors or inconsistencies in patient care delivery. Creating a culture in which employees feel empowered to manage up requires education, support of management, and staff member assertiveness. Ultimately, individual accountability and effective teamwork can help ensure patient safety.
Adherence to a Medication Safety Protocol: Current Practice for Labeling Medications and Solutions on the Sterile Field
Authors: Brown‐Brumfield Diana , DeLeon Agripina 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMedication labeling omissions in the OR and the adverse events that result from them remain a challenge in health care facilities. Standardization of protocols based on guidance from the Joint Commission, AORN, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, and other organizations is important to ensure that patients do not mistakenly receive the wrong medication. A clinical nurse specialist and a perioperative education coordinator at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, undertook a direct observation quality improvement project to assess the adherence of 21 nurses and 19 surgical technologists to a revised medication and solution labeling protocol implemented in February 2008. Results showed that overall, 70% of staff members adhered to the medication and solution labeling protocol but adherence varied among specialty areas. There was increased adherence to the protocol by junior staff members compared with more experienced staff members.
Etiology and one‐year follow‐up results of hearing loss identified by screening of newborn hearing in Japan
Authors: Adachi Nodoka , Ito Ken , Sakata Hideaki , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of newborn hearing loss in a Japanese population and to elucidate etiological factors and one‐year prognosis.Study DesignScreening of newborn hearing.SettingChildren's tertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsBetween 1999 and 2008, 101,912 newborn infants were screened, with 693 infants (0.68%) referred. Etiology investigation included CT, detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA, and connexin 26 mutation.ResultsAbnormal results (auditory brainstem response [ABR] threshold ≥ 35 normal hearing level [dB nHL] in either side) were observed in 312 infants (0.31%), and 133 subjects (0.13%) with ABR thresholds ≥ 50 dB nHL on both sides were classified into the habilitation group. In this group, inner ear/internal auditory meatus anomalies were detected in 20 of 121 subjects (17%) tested, middle/external ear anomalies in 14 of 121 subjects (12%), CMV DNA in 13 of 77 subjects (17%), and connexin 26 mutation in 28 of 89 subjects (31%). In 68 subjects undergoing all three investigations (CT, CMV, and connexin 26), 41 (60%) had positive results in at least one test. With inclusion of otitis media with effusion and perinatal problems, this rate amounted to 78% (53 subjects). Of the 97 infants in the habilitation group successfully followed up to one year, 36 (37%) showed a threshold change of 20 dB or more in either ear: 11 (11%) progression and 25 (26%) improvement, and 15 infants (15%) were reclassified into a less severe classification.ConclusionConsidering that 26 percent of infants with bilateral moderate to severe hearing loss showed improvement in one year, habilitation protocols, especially very early cochlear implantation within one year of birth, should be reconsidered.
GENDER IDEOLOGY, SAME-SEX PEER GROUP AFFILIATION AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TESTOSTERONE AND DOMINANCE IN ADOLESCENT BOYS AND GIRLS
Authors: VERMEERSCH HANS , T'SJOEN GUY , KAUFMAN J. M. , VINCKE J. , VAN HOUTTE MIEKE 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAlthough the role of testosterone in the aetiology of social dominance is often suggested, surprisingly few studies have addressed the relationship between sex steroid hormones and dominance as a personality trait. In this paper, the relationship between testosterone and dominance is studied in a sample of adolescent boys and girls, taking into account the moderating role of gender ideology and same-sex peer group orientation. A direct association between free testosterone (FT) and dominance was found in girls but not in boys. In boys, masculine ideology moderated the relationship between FT and dominance, while in girls the relationship between FT and dominance was moderated by same-sex peer group affiliation.
Molluscicidal and ovicidal activities of plant extracts of the Piperaceae on Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)
Authors: Rapado L.N. , Nakano E. , Ohlweiler F.P. , Kato M.J. , Yamaguchi L.F. , Pereira C.A.B. , Kawano T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a tropical disease caused by Schistosoma and occurs in 54 countries, mainly in South America, the Caribbean region, Africa and the eastern Mediterranean. Currently, 5 to 6 million Brazilian people are infected and 30,000 are under infection risk. Typical of poor regions, this disease is associated with the lack of basic sanitation and very frequently to the use of contaminated water in agriculture, housework and leisure. One of the most efficient methods of controlling the disease is application of molluscicides to eliminate or to reduce the population of the intermediate host snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Studies on molluscicidal activity of plant extracts have been stimulated by issues such as environmental preservation, high cost and recurrent resistance of snails to synthetic molluscicides. The aim of this study was to determine the molluscicide action of extracts from Piperaceae species on adult and embryonic stages of B. glabrata. Fifteen extracts from 13 Piperaceae species were obtained from stems, leaves and roots. Toxicity of extracts was evaluated against snails at two different concentrations (500 and 100 ppm) and those causing 100% mortality at 100 ppm concentration were selected to obtain the LC90 (lethal concentration of 90% mortality). Piper aduncum, P. crassinervium, P. cuyabanum, P. diospyrifolium and P. hostmannianum gave 100% mortality of adult snails at concentrations ranging from 10 to 60 ppm. These extracts were also assayed on embryonic stages of B. glabrata and those from P. cuyabanum and P. hostmannianum showed 100% ovicidal action at 20 ppm.
Ageing, social class and common mental disorders: longitudinal evidence from three cohorts in the West of Scotland
Authors: Green M. J. , Benzeval M. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundUnderstanding how common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression vary with socio-economic circumstances as people age can help to identify key intervention points. However, much research treats these conditions as a single disorder when they differ significantly in terms of their disease burden. This paper examines the socio-economic pattern of anxiety and depression separately and longitudinally to develop a better understanding of their disease burden for key social groups at different ages.MethodThe Twenty-07 Study has followed 4510 respondents from three cohorts in the West of Scotland for 20 years and 3846 respondents had valid data for these analyses. Hierarchical repeated-measures models were used to investigate the relationship between age, social class and the prevalence of anxiety and depression over time measured as scores of 8 or more out of 21 on the relevant subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsSocial class differences in anxiety and depression widened with age. For anxiety there was a nonlinear decrease in prevalence with age, decreasing more slowly for those from manual classes compared to non-manual, whereas for depression there was a non-linear increase in prevalence with age, increasing more quickly for those from manual classes compared to non-manual. This relationship is robust to cohort, period and attrition effects.ConclusionsThe more burdensome disorder of depression occurs more frequently at ages where socio-economic inequalities in mental health are greatest, representing a ‘double jeopardy’ for older people from a manual class.
Re-thinking the Incrementalist Thesis in China: A Reflection on the Development of the Minimum Standard of Living Scheme in Urban and Rural Areas
Authors: CHAN CHAK KWAN 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMany commentators contend that the Chinese government adopted an incremental approach to welfare policy reform because its leaders lacked an overall blueprint for it, allowing initiatives to be implemented only after lengthy experimentation. While this perspective has provided an essential account of the implementation and changes of some welfare programmes, it has inadequately addressed the slow progress in rural areas' welfare programmes and the different welfare entitlements for rural and urban residents. Further investigation is therefore required to resolve these anomalies. Using the minimum standard of living scheme (MSLS) as a case example, this article illustrates how the Chinese government's legitimacy needs, during different stages of its economic reforms, have been the principal motivation for the implementation of such schemes. The introduction of an urban MSLS in 1997 aimed to reduce laid-off workers' dissatisfaction following the government's reforms of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The implementation of a rural MSLS in 2007 was intended principally to minimise conflicts between land-losing farmers and local officials after widespread rural riots. These MSLSs are also minimal and stigmatising public-assistance schemes that fulfil the dual objective of securing a stable political environment for economic reform and maintaining poor people's work ethic for China's mixed economy.
Antioxidant treatment during preservation of bovine ovaries increased the development potential of embryos
Authors: Nagao Yoshikazu , Harada Yumiko , Yamaguchi Mari , Igarashi Akane , Ooshima Yuki , Kato Yoku 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe overnight preservation of bovine ovaries would be highly useful in the subsequent harvest of viable oocytes for reproductive study. The present study aimed to optimize conditions for overnight preservation of bovine ovaries by examining the effects of temperature, solution and supplementation. In Experiment 1, the rate of development to the blastocyst stage of oocytes derived from ovaries preserved at 15°C was higher than that at either 5 or 25°C (p < 0.05). In Experiment 2, the rate of development to the blastocyst stage of oocytes derived from ovaries preserved in University of Wisconsin solution was higher than when PBS or saline was used (p < 0.05). In Experiment 3, oocytes preserved in saline supplemented with 0.3 mM glutathione (GSH) exhibited an increase in the rate of blastocyst formation compared with oocytes supplemented with 0 or 3 mM GSH (p < 0.05). In Experiment 4, supplementation with 10 μM epigallocatechin gallate during ovary preservation increased the rate of blastocyst formation (p < 0.05). The blastocysts derived from ovaries stored in saline supplemented with GSH at 15°C for 24 h were shown to develop into normal offsprings following transfer to recipient heifers. Our studies indicate that bovine IVM/IVF embryos derived from ovaries preserved in saline supplemented with an antioxidant at 15°C for 24 h can successfully develop to the blastocyst stage and result in offspring.
MATTHEW ARNOLD AND RELIGION'S COSMOPOLITAN HISTORIES
Authors: Lecourt Sebastian 
Published: May 2010

Matthew Arnold cuts a familiarfigure in narratives of Victorian secularization, although commentators often cast him in contradictory roles. In some accounts we meet him as an elegiac liberal who laments the loss of a no-longer-tenable faith but feels powerless to produce an alternative – “Wandering,” in a famous couplet, “between two worlds, one dead, / The other powerless to be born” (Arnold, “Stanzas from the Grand Chartreuse” 85–86; see Miller 212–69). Meanwhile other studies portray Arnold as a cautionary example of aggressive counter-secularization, a humanist whose vaunted ideal of “Culture” becomes as absolutist as the religion it is designed to replace (Williams,Culture and Society125–26). What both accounts share, however, is an understanding of secularization as the process whereby a definite thing called religion lost its hold upon European public life, leaving worried intellectuals to search for substitutes. Since the Second World War this view of secularization has come under increased scrutiny from sociologists, historians, anthropologists, and lately some literary critics; yet it remains difficult to imagine nineteenth-century literary history without it, largely because it is a narrative that was first developed by major Victorian writers like Arnold himself. Perhaps the best way, then, to engage Victorian crisis-of-faith writers is to follow the lead of recent commentators like Talal Asad and Michael Kaufmann and reframe the problem in discursive terms. Rather than retrace the rise and fall of two definite things called religion and secularity, Kaufmann argues, we should instead assume from the outset that “[t]here is no idea, person, experience, text, institution, or historical project that could be categorized as essentially . . . secular or religious” and mark how the significance of this opposition gets reordered in “varying discursive contexts” (Kaufmann 608; see Asad 25–26). We can see such thinking at work in recent scholarship that effectively replaces “secularization” with the conceptual emergence of religion as such – that is, the modern redescription of religion as a specific and limited sphere of human life, marked by certain energies (the irrational, the affective), whose role within the public is considered problematic. Anthropologist Timothy Fitzgerald, for instance, suggests that the Enlightenment turn toward regarding religion as the arena of strong personal belief was instrumental in establishing the space of the secular in the first place, insofar as it helped to define by contrast the new public sphere of “this-worldly . . . freedoms, laws, and markets” (Fitzgerald 5). Similarly, historian Callum Brown argues that late eighteenth-century Evangelicalism produced, as a sort of necessary pair, both the sociological idea of religion as an empirically discrete thing and our popular notion of religion as under threat or in decline (C. Brown 1–34).
Long-term sustainability of a worksite canteen intervention of serving more fruit and vegetables
Authors: Thorsen Anne V , Lassen Anne D , Tetens Inge , Hels Ole , Mikkelsen Bent E 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the 5-year sustainability of a worksite canteen intervention of serving more fruit and vegetables (F&V).DesignAverage F&V consumption per customer per meal per day was assessed in five worksite canteens by weighing F&V served and subtracting waste. Data were collected by the canteen staff during a 3-week continuous period and compared to data from the same five canteens measured at baseline, at end point and at 1-year follow-up. The intervention used a participatory and empowering approach, self-monitoring and networking among the canteen staff, management and a consultant. The method focused on providing ideas for increased F&V for lunch, making environmental changes in the canteens by giving access to tasteful and healthy food choices and reducing the availability of unhealthy options.SettingFive Danish worksites serving from 50 to 500 meals a day: a military base, an electronic component distributor, a bank, a town hall and a waste-handling facility.SubjectsWorksite canteen managers, canteen staff.ResultsFour of the five worksite canteens were able to either maintain the intervention or even increase the consumption of F&V. The average increase from baseline to 5-year follow-up was 95 g per customer per meal per day (18, 144, 66, 105 and 141 g, respectively). On average, the five canteens at the long-term follow-up had an F&V consumption of 208 g/meal per customer.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that sustainability of F&V is possible in worksites where the participatory and empowering approach, self-monitoring, environmental change, dialogue with suppliers and networking among worksite canteens are applied.
Hayek on tacit knowledge
Authors: OĞUZ FUAT 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:This paper discusses the place of ‘tacit knowledge’ in Hayek's writings. How did Hayek understand tacit knowledge? How did his understanding change through time? I address these questions and follow the change in Hayek's works from skills and techniques of thought in the 1930s to the use of ‘tacit knowledge’ in the1960s. Hayek uses Polanyi's concept in many writings, but remains short of approving its implications. The paper emphasizes that while Hayek was quite aware of the differences between tacit knowing and knowing-how, he was not keen to stress the divergence. In the end, I offer some potential explanations for this preference.
Constraining the state's ability to employ force: the standing army debates, 1697–99
Authors: HUMPHREY SHAWN , HANSEN BRADLEY A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:Britain's Glorious Revolution of 1688 is one of the most widely studied cases of institutional change. Recent institutional analyses of the Glorious Revolution, however, have failed to address one of the central issues in political science: control of the state's comparative advantage in violence. This paper examines this issue through analysis of the standing army debates of the late 1690s. Participants in the debates disputed whether a standing army or a militia would be the most effective institutional arrangement to guard against threats from abroad and tyranny at home. Both sides of the debate analyzed the effects of a standing army in terms of the incentives that it created for soldiers, citizens, the monarch, and foreign governments.
Ownership structure and incentives to invest: dual-structured irrigation cooperatives in Australia
Authors: PLUNKETT BRADLEY , CHADDAD FABIO R. , COOK MICHAEL L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:In the past decade, Australia has begun to privatize its irrigation system. Two general models have emerged: a single and a dual ownership structure. This paper examines the trade-offs, costs and benefits, and the attendant efficiencies regarding costs of ownership. In particular, we examine member capital investment incentives and resultant risk-bearing costs related to capital formation. The paper concludes that the dual ownership structure system has significant economic advantages relative to its single-structured counterpart.
UN Security Council Resolutions 1325 and 1820: constructing gender in armed conflict and international humanitarian law
Authors: Barrow Amy 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhile the Geneva Conventions contain gender-specific provisions, the reality of women's and men's experiences of armed conflict have highlighted gender limitations and conceptual constraints within international humanitarian law. Judgements at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) ad hoc tribunals have gone some way towards expanding the scope of definitions of sexual violence and rape in conflict. More recent developments in public international law, including the adoption of Security Council Resolutions 1325 and 1820 focused on women, peace and security, have sought to increase the visibility of gender in situations of armed conflict. This paper highlights important developing norms on women, peace and security. Although these norms are significant, they may not be radical enough to expand constructions of gender within international humanitarian law. This leaves existing provisions open to continued scrutiny.