bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ligand‐Stimulated VEGFR2 Signaling is Regulated by Co‐Ordinated Trafficking and Proteolysis
Authors: Bruns Alexander F. , Herbert Shane P. , Odell Adam F. , Jopling Helen M. , Hooper Nigel M. , Zachary Ian C. , Walker John H. , Ponnambalam Sreenivasan 
Published: October 2009

Abstract Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)‐induced signaling through VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) regulates both physiological and pathological angiogenesis in mammals. However, the temporal and spatial mechanism underlying VEGFR2‐mediated intracellular signaling is not clear. Here, we define a pathway for VEGFR2 trafficking and proteolysis that regulates VEGF‐A‐stimulated signaling and endothelial cell migration. Ligand‐stimulated VEGFR2 activation and ubiquitination preceded proteolysis and cytoplasmic domain removal associated with endosomes. A soluble VEGFR2 cytoplasmic domain fragment displayed tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of downstream intracellular signaling. Perturbation of endocytosis by the depletion of either clathrin heavy chain or an ESCRT‐0 subunit caused differential effects on ligand‐stimulated VEGFR2 proteolysis and signaling. This novel VEGFR2 proteolysis was blocked by the inhibitors of 26S proteasome activity. Inhibition of proteasome activity prolonged VEGF‐A‐induced intracellular signaling to c‐Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). VEGF‐A‐stimulated endothelial cell migration was dependent on VEGFR2 and VEGFR tyrosine kinase activity. Inhibition of proteasome activity in this assay stimulated VEGF‐A‐mediated endothelial cell migration. VEGFR2 endocytosis, ubiquitination and proteolysis could also be stimulated by a protein kinase C‐dependent pathway. Thus, removal of the VEGFR2 carboxyl terminus linked to phosphorylation, ubiquitination and trafficking is necessary for VEGF‐stimulated endothelial signaling and cell migration.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: The Role of Cytokine Expression in Different Subgroups of Subfertile Men
Authors: Seshadri Srividya , Bates Michelle , Vince Gill , Jones D. I. Lewis 
Published: October 2009

Problem  The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of seminal plasma cytokines interleukin 6 (IL‐6), interleukin 8 (IL‐8), interleukin 10 (IL‐10), interleukin 11 (IL‐11), interleukin 12 (IL‐12), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ) in male subfertility.Method of study  A total of 73 male partners of an infertile couple attending a regional andrology unit were recruited into this prospective study and subdivided into the various groups based on semen analysis. Concentrations of cytokines such as IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐11, IL‐12, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ in the seminal plasma were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results  Significant higher concentrations (P < 0.05) of IL‐6 in the mild and severe oligospermic group, IL‐8 and IL‐10 in the asthenospermic group and IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α and IFN‐γ in the obstructed azoospermic group were determined. IL‐10 concentrations correlated significantly with other cytokines in the obstructed azoospermic group and the asthenospermic group.Conclusion  Our study confirms that cytokines rarely act in isolation, but rather in a network of other cytokines and may affect sperm function directly or indirectly. The presence of increased levels of cytokines in the obstructed azoospermic group suggests that the cytokines may not originate from the testis.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Multiple Cytokine Profile in Plasma and Amniotic Fluid in a Mouse Model of Pre‐Term Labor
Authors: Yang Qing , El‐Sayed Yasser , Rosenberg‐Hasson Yael , Hirschberg David L. , Nayak Nihar R. , Schilling James , Madan Ashima 
Published: October 2009

Problem  The rate of pre‐term birth in the United States continues to rise despite several interventions. Induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines has been implicated in the activation of the cascade of events resulting in pre‐term labor. To date, no comprehensive panel of the cytokine profile in PTL has been published.Method of study  To address cytokine profiles in pre‐term labor, levels of 19 plasma and amniotic fluid cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunoassay in an inflammation‐induced murine model of pre‐term labor.Results  Pro‐inflammatory mediators, RANTES, KC, IL‐6, and IL‐12p40 were increased by 3 hr and remained high at 15 hr. Concentrations of KC, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and MIP‐1α were increased in the amniotic fluid at 15 hr. Plasma levels of anti‐inflammatory mediators IL‐10 and IL‐13 at 15 hr were unchanged and decreased respectively.Conclusion  These results suggest that stimulation of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines occurs very early in the cascade of events and remains increased, whereas anti‐inflammatory cytokines are either unchanged or decreased until the onset of delivery in an inflammation‐induced mouse model of pre‐term labor.
Social and behavioral risk factors for maxillary incisor trauma in an adolescent Arab population
Authors: Årtun Jon , Al‐Azemi Rashed 
Published: October 2009

Abstract –  Background/Aim: The majority of dental traumas are due to falls or blows during regular activity, personal interaction and play inside or outside the home, suggesting that behaviors associated with certain social conditions are risk factors. Our purpose was to explore that hypothesis.Materials and Methods:  We examined a population‐based sample of 1583 13–14‐year‐old subjects in a classroom setting. Incisor trauma was scored according to the National Institute of Dental Research index, and overjet was measured to the nearest 0.5 mm. Presence of mesial migration and/or loss of first molars and/or open caries in permanent teeth were recorded and categorized as increased caries experience. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from standardized measurements of height and weight, as weight in kg height−1 in m2. Obesity was scored if BMI exceeded 30. Information on participation in physical activities, family income, and number of siblings was collected through subject and family interview.Results and Conclusions:  Univariate logistic regression detected reduced trauma risk among subjects of high income families (P = 0.009) and among subjects attending private schools (P = 0.026). Sports and physical activities were more prevalent in boys than in girls (P = 0.000) and associated with trauma in the sample as a whole (P = 0.001), but not separately in boys and girls. No effect was detected of obesity, number of siblings and increased caries experience. Univariate analyzes also detected increased trauma risk in boys (P = 0.000) and in subjects with increasing intervals of overjet (P = 0.000). Following use of multiple regressions with forward selection, only male gender, increasing overjet, and high family income were included in the final prediction model. Our findings suggest that behaviors associated with high family income and private school attendance reduce the risk of incisor trauma among adolescents in Kuwait, and that the gender difference in sports activities is an unlikely explanation for the gender difference in trauma.
Longitudinal correlates of the persistence of irregular eating from age 5 to 14 years
Authors: McDermott BM , Mamun AA , Najman JM , Williams GM , O’Callaghan MJ , Bor W 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAim:  To report the stability of parent‐perceived child irregular eating from 6 months to 14 years of age and to investigate a predictive model inclusive of child and parent factors.Methods:  Of the 7223 singleton children in a birth cohort, 5122 children were re‐interviewed at 5 years and 4554 for the 14‐year analysis. Information was obtained from structured interviews including questions answered by parents of the child at birth, 6 months, 5 years and 14 years; and by teenagers at age 14 years and from physical measures of the child. The mother’s perception that the child was an irregular eater at age 14 years was the major outcome variable of interest.Results:  Approximately 40% of irregular eaters at age 5 will still be irregular eaters at age 14 years. This was not related to maternal education or socio‐economic class. Significant at multivariate analysis were infant feeding problems and the children’s ability to regulate their sleep and mood. Significant maternal factors were greater age, not feeling positive about the baby and persistent maternal anxiety during the child’s early years.Conclusion:  Irregular eating behaviour displays considerable continuity from childhood to mid‐adolescence. Independent contributions to this behavioural phenotype include child biological and psychological factors and maternal anxiety during the child’s early years.
OPENING PHILOSOPHY TO THE WORLD: DERRIDA AND EDUCATION IN PHILOSOPHY
Authors: Burik Steven 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this essay, Steven Burik discusses Jacques Derrida's position with regard to the place of education in philosophy within the university system, and then relates these thoughts to comparative philosophy. Philosophers find themselves constantly having to defend philosophy and the importance of teaching philosophy against pressure from the powers that be. Burik contends that the argument Derrida set forth to “protect” philosophy entails a double bind: Derrida emphasized the value and importance of philosophical thinking while at the same time criticizing the limits of philosophy, both self‐mandated and externally imposed. Derrida's defense of philosophy was anything but a protection of the status quo, according to Burik. Derrida ultimately argued that the teaching of philosophy and philosophy itself should be inherently open to new developments. Burik relates Derrida's defense of philosophy and attack on mainstream philosophy to comparative philosophy, demonstrating that both argue for an expansion of thinking beyond the narrow Western confines of philosophy as “pure” reason or rationality by showing how alterity always inserts itself, and that both seek to give this alterity a valid place in educational systems.
PROLEGOMENA TO A NEW ACADEMIC RESPONSIBILITY: WHAT IT MEANS TO KNOW AND THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Trifonas Peter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this essay, Peter Trifonas tries to show that there is no overcoming of the techno‐philosophical grounding of intellectual freedom and academic responsibility or research action within the speculum of an all‐seeing, all‐knowing university. Instead, he argues that through Derrida's notion of an open “community of the question,” deconstruction has the promise to infuse the university and its teaching body with the play of difference in interpretation and invention that will produce new forms of knowledge and an altered academic responsibility. This new academic responsibility born of a deconstruction of the university and its closed system of disciplinary logic is worked out as a performative intelligibility or an inkling of purpose “yet‐to‐come” (avenir). The call for an open community of research around questions and not disciplines displays the ethical undercurrent of a new kind of academic responsibility—a responsibility negotiated both within the extant community and between that community and those to whom the highly problematic “we” of “higher” education are more or less ultimately accountable: the State and the political constituency of public society.
Deciphering solar turbulence from sunspots records
Authors: Plunian F. , Sarson G. R. , Stepanov R. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
It is generally believed that sunspots are the emergent part of magnetic flux tubes in the solar interior. These tubes are created at the base of the convection zone and rise to the surface due to their magnetic buoyancy. The motion of plasma in the convection zone being highly turbulent, the surface manifestation of sunspots may retain the signature of this turbulence, including its intermittency. From direct observations of sunspots, and indirect observations of the concentration of cosmogenic isotopes 14C in tree rings or 10Be in polar ice, power spectral densities in frequency are plotted. Two different frequency scalings emerge, depending on whether the Sun is quiescent or active. From direct observations we can also calculate scaling exponents. These testify to a strong intermittency, comparable with that observed in the solar wind.
Apical resorption in teeth with periapical lesions: Correlation between radiographic diagnosis and SEM examination
Authors: Vier‐Pelisser Fabiana Vieira , de Figueiredo José Antonio Poli , Reis Só Marcus Vinícius , Estivallet Lisiane , Eickhoff Sílvia Juliana 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study correlated the radiographic findings and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of external apical resorption (EAR) in teeth with periapical lesions. Standard radiographs were taken from 45 teeth with periapical lesions before their extraction. Using a radiographic examination, the root apex of each tooth was classified according to the EAR into the following categories: radiographic external apical resorption (REAR) absent, superficial and deep. The apical root surface was also examined with SEM. Photomicrographs of EARs were classified as periforaminal (PEAR) and foraminal (FEAR) in three degrees: 0, 1 and 2. REAR was present in 72.5% of cases, of which 20% were deep. Based upon SEM analysis, PEAR and FEAR occurred in 75.6% and 66.7% of cases respectively; 51.2% and 59% respectively, of these teeth received a score of 2. Only 15.4% of the specimens were unaffected by EAR.When teeth with periapical lesions were examined for EAR with both radiography and by SEM, there was no correlation between the findings.
Phumdi proliferation: a case study of Loktak lake, Manipur
Authors: Singh Abha Lakshmi , Khundrakpam Moirang Leima 
Published: October 2009

AbstractFloating mats are locally known as phumdis. They are a heterogeneous mass of soil, vegetation and organic matter at various stages of decomposition. Phumdis play an important role in the ecological processes and functions of the lake ecosystem. The presence of phumdis is the characteristic feature of the Loktak lake, the largest freshwater wetland located in the north‐eastern part of India about 38 km from Imphal city of Manipur. Phumdis cover nearly 50% of the lake. In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the changes in phumdi area, analyse the factors causing its proliferation and the resultant impacts on the environment. The study is based on remotely sensed data of 1989 and 2002. To examine the factors causing its proliferation, field surveys were conducted and data covered eight villages and 377 households. The results showed that the phumdi area has increased from 1989 to 2002. The main causes for phumdi proliferation were the construction of the Ithai Barrage Dam, increase in athaphum fishing, pollution, growth of settlements on phumdis, etc. It was the human pressure that has aided in the growth of phumdis.
Sensory acceptability of a reformulated reduced salt frozen ready meal
Authors: Mitchell Michelle , Brunton Nigel P. , Wilkinson Martin G. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of reducing salt levels and the addition of salt substitutes on the sensory acceptability of a frozen lasagne ready meal. Commercially produced lasagne with standard salt levels (1.05% NaCl) and lasagne with reduced salt levels (0.55% NaCl) was supplied by an industrial partner. Salt was added to the reduced salt meal via the meat sauce layers at levels to produce meals with salt concentrations of 0.55%, 0.65%, 0.75% and 0.85%. Paired comparison and triangle tests indicated that 0.3% of salt could be removed without a sensory difference being observed (P > 0.05). Salt substitutes were incorporated into the lowest salt lasagne ready meal at a concentration of 0.5%. Triangle, paired comparison and preference tests were carried out on these meals to determine acceptability. A consumer acceptability trail conducted with 175 consumers found that the low‐salt KCl meal was preferred over the control (P > 0.1).
Thrombotic Microangiopathies: Multimers, Metalloprotease, and Beyond
Authors: Moake Joel 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe pathophysiology of various types of thrombotic microangiopathies is coming progressively into focus. Therapeutic advances are likely to follow at a quickening pace. This discussion focuses on thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), the hemolytic‐uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic microangiopathies associated with transplantation‐immunosuppression or anti‐angiogenesis therapy, and the preeclampsia/hemolysis‐elevated liver enzymes and low platelets syndrome (HELLP).
Sequence analysis of Vibrio cholerae orfU and zot from pre‐CTXΦ and CTXΦ reveals multiple origin of pre‐CTXΦ and CTXΦ
Authors: Mantri Chinmay K. , Mohapatra Saswat S. , Colwell Rita R. , Singh Durg V. 
Published: October 2009

SummaryA multiplex PCR was developed to detect pre‐CTXΦ and CTXΦ in Vibrio cholerae. A total of 115 V. cholerae were tested, of which 42 V. cholerae O1 and 18 V. cholerae O139 contained CTXΦ. Six V. cholerae O139 contained only pre‐CTXΦ and three V. cholerae O1 and 23 V. cholerae O139 contained both pre‐CTXΦ and CTXΦ. None of the V. cholerae non‐O1 and non‐O139 that were tested had pre‐CTXΦ or CTXΦ. Results of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis revealed the V. cholerae isolates possessed single or multiple copies of pre‐CTXΦ and CTXΦ, always proceeded by a tandemly arranged RS1 element. Comparative nucleotide sequence analyses of the core region genes, orfU and zot, of 15 V. cholerae showed pre‐CTXETΦ and CTXETΦ lineage with V. cholerae El Tor and pre‐CTXClassΦ, pre‐CTXCalcΦ, and CTXCalcΦ with classical V. cholerae O1 and O139. Two distinct types of ctxB were detected in V. cholerae O139. Multi‐locus Sequence Typing (MLST) of seven V. cholerae housekeeping genes indicated clonal origin, irrespective of the presence of pre‐CTXΦ and/or CTXΦ.
Impaction Bone Grafting of the Glenoid in Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty: Classification, Technical Description and Early Results
Authors: Page Richard S. , Haines John F. , Trail Ian 
Published: October 2009

Background Glenoid component fixation remains an issue in the long-term survival of total shoulder arthroplasty. As a consequence revision of the glenoid component is becoming increasingly more common and reconstructive techniques to preserve and restore bone stock are becoming more important. Methods In this article we describe the combined technique of impaction grafting and glenoid component exchange together with a classification of the glenoid defect with a report on four sequential cases in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an average age of 56 years. The minimum follow-up was 34 months (range 34 months to 62 months). Results Patients reported excellent pain relief and some improvement in motion and function. The complication rate remains low. Radiological assessment using tomograms showed good incorporation of the bone graft and minimal signs of glenoid loosening. Conclusion The results of this study confirm that at least in the short term impaction grafting techniques used to reconstitute the glenoid in revision surgery can be successful.
Physiotherapy in the Management of Tennis Elbow: A Review
Authors: Jones Val 
Published: October 2009

What is already known on this topic Tennis elbow is a chronic condition that can be challenging to treat. Physiotherapy is often a treatment of choice, but previous reviews have failed to draw any conclusions as to which is the most effective therapeutic modality in the management of this condition. Key messages of this review The best available evidence is for active exercise approaches, possibly supplemented by manual therapy and taping treatments. There is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of passive modalities such as electrotherapy or acupuncture at present. Physiotherapy is a cost effective form of treatment.
Arthroscopic Capsular Release: A Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Study Comparing Two Types of Rehabilitation Regime. A Pilot Study
Authors: Tan Chin Khoon , Guisasola Inigo , Singh Sameer , Penna Sreeram , Kemp Graham , Brownson Peter 
Published: October 2009

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate, prospectively, outcomes following arthroscopic capsular release on patients with a clinical diagnosis of frozen shoulder, comparing immediate mobilization (IM) vs immediate mobilization plus external rotation splintage at night for 10 nights (IM+EXT). Methods Patients with a clinical diagnosis of non-traumatic frozen shoulder seen in a single unit from May 2005 to December 2006 were considered for inclusion. Patients were assessed using the Constant score, Oxford shoulder questionnaire, and a visual analogue scale for pain (VAS pain). Patients were randomized to have immediate mobilization (IM) or immediate mobilization plus external rotation splintage at night for 10 nights (IM+EXT). Results Thirty patients were included and both groups showed significant improvement in all scores. Mean length of follow-up was 17 months. There was early (4 weeks post-operatively) significant improvement in shoulder function in both groups. The rehabilitation regime used did not affect the overall outcome. Conclusions Arthroscopic capsular release produces early symptom improvement in primary frozen shoulder. The use of an external rotation splint at night does not appear to improve outcome over simple early mobilization.
Endovascular treatment of carotid blowout syndrome: who and how to treat
Authors: Patsalides A , Fraser J F , Smith M J , Kraus D , Gobin Y P , Riina H A 
Published: October 2009

Carotid blowout syndrome (CBS) is a high-risk condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality that may result from invasion and destruction of the cervical carotid vasculature from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Endovascular approaches offer multiple modalities for treatment to prevent morbidity and death. In this paper we review our experience in addressing CBS and present an up-to-date algorithm of endovascular management.16 lesions were identified in 8 patients treated with 9 procedures over the past year. Pseudoaneurysm and/or active extravasation were documented in at least one vessel in all 8 cases presenting with acute CBS. There were 13 pseudoaneurysms in external carotid artery (ECA) trunk (5), ECA branches (4), internal carotid artery (ICA) (1) and common carotid artery (CCA) (3). There were 3 additional ICA lesions due to tumor infiltration, resulting in ICA occlusion (2) and long segment stenosis (1).Permanent vessel occlusion was performed in 11 lesions of the ECA trunk (4), ECA branches (4) and ICA (3). Stent-grafts were placed in 5 lesions in the CCA (3), ICA (1) and ECA trunk (1). Technical success and immediate hemostasis were achieved in all patients. There were no procedural deaths or immediate complications. With a median follow-up of 2 months (range, 1–13 months), three patients died: one from recurrent CBS, one from global brain ischemia after a cardiac arrest event unrelated to CBS and one from systemic disease. There was no other recurrence of bleeding or neurological complication.Endovascular techniques offer an armamentarium to effectively address CBS, significantly affecting the care and outcome in this particular oncologic population. These techniques should be offered as early as possible in the context of a multidisciplinary approach.