bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between fatigue‐related factors and work‐related injuries in the saskatchewan farm injury Cohort Study
Authors: Lilley Rebbecca , Day Lesley , Koehncke Niels , Dosman James , Hagel Louise , William Pickett ,   for the Saskatchewan Farm Injury Cohort Study
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe objective was to examine the relationship between seasonal variations in sleep quantity and work‐related injuries on Saskatchewan farms.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of data from the Saskatchewan Farm Injury Cohort Study was conducted. Analyses were restricted to workers, aged ≥16 years. The primary outcome was work‐related injury in the last year. Logistic regression models were used to identify associations between sleep quantity and farm injury.ResultsAfter controlling for confounding variables peak production season sleep was not associated with increased odds of injury. However, those obtaining ≤5 hr sleep per night during non‐peak production seasons had increased odds of injury (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.04–5.59) compared with those sleeping ≥7 hr per night.ConclusionsWe identified that restricted sleep durations, in certain seasons, placed farmers, and farm workers at risk of injury. Agricultural injury intervention programs need to consider the role of seasonal‐related variations in sleep on farm injury. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:367–375, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longevity candidate genes and their association with personality traits in the elderly
Authors: Luciano Michelle , Lopez Lorna M. , de Moor Marleen H.M. , Harris Sarah E. , Davies Gail , Nutile Teresa , Krueger Robert F. , Esko Tõnu , Schlessinger David , Toshiko Tanaka , Derringer Jaime L. , Realo Anu , Hansell Narelle K. , Pergadia Michele L. , Pesonen Anu‐Katriina , Sanna Serena , Terracciano Antonio , Madden Pamela A.F. , Penninx Brenda , Spinhoven Philip , Hartman Catherina A. , Oostra Ben A. , Janssens A. Cecile J.W. , Eriksson Johan G. , Starr John M. , Cannas Alessandra , Ferrucci Luigi , Metspalu Andres , Wright Margeret J. , Heath Andrew C. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Bierut Laura J. , Raikkonen Katri , Martin Nicholas G. , Ciullo Marina , Rujescu Dan , Boomsma Dorret I. , Deary Ian J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHuman longevity and personality traits are both heritable and are consistently linked at the phenotypic level. We test the hypothesis that candidate genes influencing longevity in lower organisms are associated with variance in the five major dimensions of human personality (measured by the NEO‐FFI and IPIP inventories) plus related mood states of anxiety and depression. Seventy single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six brain expressed, longevity candidate genes (AFG3L2, FRAP1, MAT1A, MAT2A, SYNJ1, and SYNJ2) were typed in over 1,000 70‐year old participants from the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1936 (LBC1936). No SNPs were associated with the personality and psychological distress traits at a Bonferroni corrected level of significance (P < 0.0002), but there was an over‐representation of nominally significant (P < 0.05) SNPs in the synaptojanin‐2 (SYNJ2) gene associated with agreeableness and symptoms of depression. Eight SNPs which showed nominally significant association across personality measurement instruments were tested in an extremely large replication sample of 17,106 participants. SNP rs350292, in SYNJ2, was significant: the minor allele was associated with an average decrease in NEO agreeableness scale scores of 0.25 points, and 0.67 points in the restricted analysis of elderly cohorts (most aged >60 years). Because we selected a specific set of longevity genes based on functional genomics findings, further research on other longevity gene candidates is warranted to discover whether they are relevant candidates for personality and psychological distress traits. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sound insulation in polymer/inorganic particle composites. I. Theoretical model
Authors: Liang Ji‐Zhao , Jiang Xing‐Hua 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe sound insulation behavior of inorganic particulate‐filled polymer composites was analyzed by means of acoustics theory in this article to reveal the mechanisms of sound insulation. On the basis of it, a physical model of the sound wave transfer in the composite system was established, and a relevant transmission loss equation was derived. The transmission loss of the glass bead‐filled polyethylene composites was estimated by using this equation. The results showed that the calculated transmission loss of the composites increased linearly with an increase of the glass bead volume fraction, and it increased nonlinearly with increasing sound frequency. The sensitivity of the transmission loss to the sound frequency was significant at low sound frequency. The transmission loss decreased nonlinearly with the size of added glass bead when the volume fraction was constant. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of novel transparent Eu(AA)3‐polyurethane acrylate copolymeric materials
Authors: Zhou Li‐Ming , Gao Li‐Jun , Fang Shao‐Ming , Sun Guang‐Hui , Hu Min , Guo Liang‐Qi , Han Cheng , Zhang Liu‐Cheng 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe rare earth (RE) salts Eu(AA)3 (AA: acrylic acid group) and the macromonomers of polyurethane acrylate (MPUA) containing vinyl groups at the end of the chain are prepared for achieving a novel transparent Eu(AA)3‐polyurethane acrylate (Eu‐PUA) materials by copolymerization. The structure and properties of the Eu(AA)3 and the Eu‐PUA have been systematically characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and fluorescence spectrophotometer. It is proved that the Eu(AA)3 have been successfully bonded onto the molecular chains of the polyurethane acrylate and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polyurethane acrylate increases at the presence of Eu(AA)3. In addition, the Eu‐PUA materials show favorable thermal stability and transparence. Typically, the fluorescence spectra show that the strongest fluorescence emission peak of the Eu‐PUA material appears at 614 nm at the excitation wavelength of 395 nm. This demonstrates that such material can be applied to functional optical materials in the future. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Studies on the properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) film plasticized by urea/ethanolamine mixture
Authors: Jiang Xiancai , Tan Bowen , Zhang Xiaofei , Ye Dezhan , Dai Hua , Zhang Xi 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of urea/ethanolamine mixture (UE) on the crystallinity, thermal, and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films. PVA films were prepared from solutions containing PVA, urea, ethanolamine, and water by casting and evaporating at 50°C for 12 h. The plasticization efficiency of UE was compared with that of glycerol (GL), the conventional plasticizer for PVA. The properties of PVA films plasticized by UE and GL, abbreviated to UE‐plasticized PVA film and GL‐plasticized PVA film, respectively, were investigated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical testing. It was proved that UE could form more stable hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl group of PVA molecule and was more effective in breaking the hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups. Thus, the crystallinity of UE‐plasticized PVA films was lower than that of GL‐plasticized PVA films. The melting temperatures of UE‐plasticized PVA films were lower than those of GL‐plasticized PVA films. It was found that UE‐plasticized PVA film showed a higher degradation temperature compared with GL‐plasticized PVA film. The degree of swelling of UE‐plasticized PVA film was higher than that of GL‐plasticized PVA film but solubility (S) of UE‐plasticized PVA film was lower in aqueous solution. Furthermore, UE‐plasticized PVA films show lower tensile strength and higher elongation at break (E) than those of GL‐plasticized PVA films. The tensile strength, E, and Young's modulus of PVA film containing 30% UE mixture reached 50.78 MPa, 591.19% and 76.9 MPa, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Investigation of Pb(II) adsorption onto natural and synthetic polymers
Authors: Ahmetli G. , Yel E. , Deveci H. , Bravo Y. , Bravo Z. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAdsorption of toxic metal ion Pb(II) onto two different insoluble humic acids (IHAs) obtained from Beysehir (BIHA) and Ermenek (EIHA) low grade lignites and two synthesized terpolymers: styrene‐divinylbenzene‐methacrylic acid (SDBM) and styrene‐divinylbenzene allylmethacrylate (SDBAM) were investigated and compared with commercial activated carbon (AC). The synthesized polymers were characterized by FTIR. Effects of pH (in neutral and acidic range), time, and initial metal concentration on the effectiveness of IHAs and terpolymers were determined. All synthesized adsorbents could adsorb Pb(II) with much higher capacity at half of the retention of AC in acidic medium. The adsorption capacities varied in the range of 51–76 mg g−1. The affinity order of polymers in acidic medium for Pb(II) ions was observed as: SDBAM>SDBM>BIHA≈EIHA>AC. IHAs fit Freundlich model while SDB polymers were fitting Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities in neutral medium were 48 mg g−1 for SDBM and 15 mg g−1 for BIHA. Desorption studies for the polymer of highest performance indicated that about 90% desorption was achieved at 5 h by using EDTA regenerant solution. The polymer can be used repeatedly in Pb(II) adsorption with close capacities to initial use. The higher selectivity of SDBAM to Pb(II) ions in multimetal solution was also indicated in the study. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effects of plasticization conditions on the structures and properties of cellulose packaging films from ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl
Authors: Jin Zhengwei , Wang Shuo , Wang Jianqing , Zhao MingXu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBy using natural softwood pulp with higher degree of polymerization (DP = 1460) as cellulose source, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) ionic liquid as solvent and glycerol as plasticizer, a novel cellulose packaging film was prepared. The effects of plasticization conditions on the structures, mechanical properties, permeability for oxygen and water vapor were measured by Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other techniques. The investigations suggested that the glycerol concentration and plasticizing time had great effect on the properties of the regenerated cellulose films. The crystal transformation of cellulose I to cellulose II occurred during the dissolution and regeneration process, combining with the decrease of thermal stability. The tensile strength decreased rapidly with the addition of glycerol and prolongation of plasticizing time. However, elongation at break of the regenerated cellulose films increased at first and then decreased with increasing of glycerol concentration and plasticizing time. The morphologies for the fracture surface obtained from SEM images showed transformation of typical brittle fracture to plastic deformation with increasing of glycerol concentrations. It was also found that both water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability of the regenerated cellulose films decreased slowly with increasing of glycerol concentrations and plasticizing time, but water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability presented an almost opposite trend. The films prepared by using ionic liquid technology would be used in food packaging or other fields as a kind of green packaging material. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Correlation between spinning temperature, membrane morphology, and performance of Psf/PVP/NMP/Water hollow fiber membrane forming system
Authors: Dahe Ganpat J. , Teotia Rohit S. , Bellare Jayesh R. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAsymmetric polysulfone (Psf)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via dry‐wet spinning process in a custom made apparatus with controlled spinneret and spinning lines temperature. This study investigated the effect of isothermal spinning temperatures on morphology, performance, and their relationship. The hollow fibers prepared at isothermal conditions provide greater control over morphology and performance. Thickness of skin at inner side varied with spinning temperature, while morphology at outer cross‐section and surface remained same. Three different layers of skin were observed by high‐resolution SEM and nodular skin topography by AFM. The viscosity of dope solution was tremendously varied with temperature, which in turn dictates the precipitation rate. Precipitation rate was found to be the controlling parameter for skin thickness. Skin thickness varied from 7.04 to 2.44 μm, as temperature of spinning was changed from 15 to 40°C. The membrane performance was studied by pure water permeability and solute rejection by gel permeation chromatography. Pure water flux increased from 17 to 30 mL/(m2 h mmHg) and NMWCO from 13,000 Da to 25,000 Da, with increase in spinning temperature, thereby demonstrating the control of spinning temperature on morphology and membrane performance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Natural rubber nanocomposites with functionalized carbon nanotubes: Mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and morphology studies
Authors: Abdullateef Adedigba A. , Thomas Selvin P. , Al‐Harthi Mamdouh A. , De S. K. , Bandyopadhyay Sri , Basfar A.A. , Atieh Muataz A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRecent attempts toward improving the properties of natural rubber (NR) by using carbon nanotubes (CNT) as filler were not successful due to low dispersion of CNT in NR. This article reports the results of studies on improvement of dispersion of CNT in NR by acid modification of CNT surface. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed the presence of COOH groups on the CNT surface. On the basis of results of studies on using differential scanning calorimetry, universal testing machine, dynamic mechanical tester, thermogravimetric analysis, electrical properties, and transmission electron microscopy, it is concluded that acid modification of CNT leads to improvement in thermal stability, stress–strain, and dynamic mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
A novel type nanocomposite coating based on alkyd‐melamine formaldehyde resin containing modified silica: Preparation and film properties
Authors: Bal Ayça , Acar Işıl , Güçlü Gamze 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, the surface of the silica particles was modified with glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane and then silica nanoparticle modified alkyd‐melamine resins were synthesized by two methods, namely in situ (IS) polymerization and blending (BL) methods. After alkyd resins containing 40% oil were prepared; these resins were blended with 30% of a commercial melamine‐formaldehyde. The films of the alkyd‐melamine formaldehyde resins were prepared from 60% solid content in xylene solutions. These films were cured at 170°C and properties of the films were determined. The effect of modified silica on the film properties and thermal behaviors of the resins was investigated. The scanning electron micrographs of the nanocomposite resin showed that modified silica particles have been dispersed into polymer resins substantially for IS polymerization. According to results of surface coating tests, we can say that, film properties of the resins prepared by IS method were better than that of prepared by BL method. In addition, using modified silica did not have a negative effect on the thermal behaviors of the resins with respect to thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, adding the modified silica in the resin structure caused increasing the thermal stability especially for resins prepared by IS method. As a result, alkyd‐melamine resins containing modified silica nanoparticle are suitable for manufacturing of industrial baking enamels. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation and characterization of magnetic polyimide hybrid thin films
Authors: Sun Jiuli , Zhang Qiuyu , Guo Feige , Gu Junwei , Zhang Junping 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMagnetic polyimide hybrid thin films were synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA), and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via thermal imidiazation in nitrogen environments. The magnetic polyimide hybrid thin films were analyzed and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles and polymer hybrid thin films were assessed using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the physical properties of hybrid thin films were tested. Results revealed that the magnetic polyimide hybrid thin films had superparamagnetic behavior and excellent mechanical properties. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Chitosan/carbon nanotube composite beads: Preparation, characterization, and cost evaluation for mercury removal from wastewater of some industrial cities in Egypt
Authors: Shawky Hosam A. , El‐Aassar Abdel Hameed M. , Abo‐Zeid Dalia E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractComposite beads composed of chitosan (CS) with different carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by the incorporation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐COOHs). A protected crosslinking method was used for the preparation of the CS/CNTs beads by the reaction of the beads with Hg(II) as the protector. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the prepared beads. The adsorption performance of the prepared beads was investigated for the removal of Hg(II). The results show that beads prepared by the protected crosslinking technique removed 2.5 times more Hg(II) from solution than beads prepared by normal crosslinking. The maximum Hg(II) removal values were 148.7, 183.2, 167.5, and 172.7 mg/g by CS, MWCNT‐COOH‐impregnated CS beads, MWCNT‐impregnated CS beads, and SWCNT‐impregnated CS composite beads, respectively. The optimum removal conditions were pH = 4, contact time = 40 min, and temperature = 70°C. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm data of the beads exhibited a better fit to the Langmuir isotherm model. The reusability of Hg(II) sorption by the prepared beads was investigated to evaluate their repeated availability performance in water treatment. Quantitative removal of mercury from industrial wastes was demonstrated. A statistical analysis of the replacement cost of these sorbents revealed that SWCNTs, MWCNTs, and MWCNT‐COOH could possibly be cost‐effective sorbents in water treatment, regardless of their high unit cost at this time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Synthesis and characterization of polyphenols derived from 4‐fluorobenzaldeyde: The effect of electron‐donating group on some physical properties
Authors: Kaya İsmet , Kamacı Musa , Arıcan Fatih 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this study, we proposed to investigate how the effect of electron‐donating methyl (CH3) group at p‐position of amin (NH2) group in aminophenol (AP) compound affected thermal stability, optical, electrochemical properties, and conductivity measurement. For this reason, we choice 2‐AP and 2‐amino‐4‐methylphenol compounds and synthesized phenolic monomers by condensation reactions 4‐fluorobenzaldehyde with aromatic amino phenols. Then, these monomers were converted to their polyphenol derivatives by oxidative polycondensation reactions in an aqueous alkaline medium. Structural characterizations were carried out by FTIR, NMR, and size exclusion chromatography. Cyclic voltammetry was used to determine the electrochemical oxidation‐reduction characteristics. Optical properties were investigated by UV–vis and fluorescence analyses. Solid state electrical conductivities were measured on polymer films by four‐point probe technique using an electrometer. Thermal data of monomer/polymer and polymers were obtained by TG‐DTA and DSC techniques, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Photo, thermal, and ultrasonic degradation of EGDMA‐crosslinked poly(acrylic acid‐co‐sodium acrylate‐co‐acrylamide) superabsorbents
Authors: Shukla Neelesh Bharti , Madras Giridhar 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSuperabsorbent polymers (SAPs) based on acrylic acid (AA), sodium acrylate (SA), and acrylamide (AM) were synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking agent. The equilibrium swelling capacities and the rates of swelling of SAPs varied with the AM content and followed first‐order kinetics. The photodegradation of SAPs in their equilibrium swollen state was carried out by monitoring their swelling capacity and the residual weight fraction. The SAPs degraded in two stages, wherein the swelling capacity increased to a maximum and then subsequently decreased. Thermogravimetric analysis of the SAPs indicated that the copolymeric superabsorbents had intermediate thermal stability between the homopolymeric superabsorbents. The activation energies of SAPs with 0, 20, and 100 mol % AM content were determined by Kissinger method and were found to be 299, 248, and 147 kJ mol−1, respectively. The ultrasonic degradation of the superabsorbents was carried out in their equilibrium swollen state, and the change in the viscosity with ultrasonication time was used to quantify the degradation. The ultrasonic degradation of AA/SA superabsorbent was also investigated at various ultrasound intensities. The degradation rate coefficients were found to increase with the intensity of ultrasound. The ultrasonic degradation of AA/SA/AM (20% AM) was also carried out, and degradation rate was found to be more than that of the AA/SA superabsorbent. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Achieving shape memory: Reversible behaviors of cellulose–PU blends in wet–dry cycles
Authors: Luo Hongsheng , Hu Jinlian , Zhu Yong , Zhang Sheng , Fan Ying , Ye Guangdou 
Published: December 2011

AbstractShape memory effect (SME) was achieved for cellulose–polyurethane (PU) blends of different compositions in wet–dry cycles, featuring that the amorphous cellulose and the PU content served as the fixing phase and the recovery phase, respectively. The dependence on the compositions of the fixity ratio and the recovery ratio was quantitatively measured by tensile tests. The morphological and thermal properties of the blends were further investigated by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The storage modulus of the blends varied reversibly in the wet–dry cycles, as determined by dynamic mechanical analysis. Furthermore, the microstructure of the blends reversibly changed correspondingly, as determined by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering diffraction and Fourier transform infrared. It was predicted that the reversible transition in different amorphous cellulose structures triggered by water led to the reversible variation in modulus as well as the wet–dry SME of the blends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012