bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A response to LDR 2 LDR: Theory and practice working together
Authors: Henry Genise 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn act of leadership is always an act of practical theory. We lead because we hold visions of the world as it ought to be, because of the not yet, because of the potential that we see in ideas and people. Yet, there still exists a perceived binary between leadership theory (in the strong sense) and leadership practice, a binary that divides organizations, classrooms, and the differing bodies of leadership literature. In this Symposium, Duncan Waite and his colleagues discuss the barriers they have faced in bringing theory to the educational leadership classroom, as well as the promise they feel theory holds for more productive, equitable, and humane schooling organizations.
A response to LDR 2 LDR: KNEX 2 U
Authors: Holcomb Michelle R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn act of leadership is always an act of practical theory. We lead because we hold visions of the world as it ought to be, because of the not yet, because of the potential that we see in ideas and people. Yet, there still exists a perceived binary between leadership theory (in the strong sense) and leadership practice, a binary that divides organizations, classrooms, and the differing bodies of leadership literature. In this Symposium, Duncan Waite and his colleagues discuss the barriers they have faced in bringing theory to the educational leadership classroom, as well as the promise they feel theory holds for more productive, equitable, and humane schooling organizations.
The memory of practice and the mirror of theory
Authors: Jenlink Patrick M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAn act of leadership is always an act of practical theory. We lead because we hold visions of the world as it ought to be, because of the not yet, because of the potential that we see in ideas and people. Yet, there still exists a perceived binary between leadership theory (in the strong sense) and leadership practice, a binary that divides organizations, classrooms, and the differing bodies of leadership literature. In this Symposium, Duncan Waite and his colleagues discuss the barriers they have faced in bringing theory to the educational leadership classroom, as well as the promise they feel theory holds for more productive, equitable, and humane schooling organizations.
Palaeoglaciation of Bayan Har Shan, northeastern Tibetan Plateau: glacial geology indicates maximum extents limited to ice cap and ice field scales
Authors: Heyman Jakob , Stroeven Arjen P. , Alexanderson Helena , Hättestrand Clas , Harbor Jon , Li Yingkui , Caffee Marc W. , Zhou Liping , Veres Daniel , Liu Feng , Machiedo Martin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractKey locations within an extensive area of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, centred on Bayan Har Shan, have been mapped to distinguish glacial from non‐glacial deposits. Prior work suggests palaeo‐glaciers ranging from valley glaciers and local ice caps in the highest mountains to a regional or even plateau‐scale ice sheet. New field data show that glacial deposits are abundant in high mountain areas in association with large‐scale glacial landforms. In addition, glacial deposits are present in several locations outside areas with distinct glacial erosional landforms, indicating that the most extensive palaeo‐glaciers had little geomorphological impact on the landscape towards their margins. The glacial geological record does indicate extensive maximum glaciation, with local ice caps covering entire elevated mountain areas. However, absence of glacial traces in intervening lower‐lying plateau areas suggests that local ice caps did not merge to form a regional ice sheet on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau around Bayan Har Shan. No evidence exists for past ice sheet glaciation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectroscopic studies, conformations and ab initio calculations of 1,2‐bis(trifluorosilyl)ethane (SiF3CH2CH2SiF3)
Authors: Klaeboe Peter , Nielsen Claus J. , Horn Anne , Guirgis Gamil A. , Kilway Kathleen V. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractInfrared spectra of 1,2‐bis(trifluorosilyl)ethane (SiF3CH2CH2SiF3) were obtained in the vapour and liquid phases, in argon matrices and in the solid phase. Raman spectra of the compound as a liquid were recorded at various temperatures between 293 and 270 K and spectra of an apparently crystalline solid were observed. The spectra revealed the existence of two conformers (anti and gauche) in the vapour, liquid and in the matrix. When the vapour was chock‐frozen on a cold finger at 78 K and annealed to 150 K, certain weak Raman bands vanished in the crystal. The vibrational spectra of the crystal demonstrated mutual exclusion between IR and Raman bands in accordance with C2h symmetry. Intensity variations between 293 and 270 K of pairs of various Raman bands gave ΔH(gauche—anti) = 5.6 ± 0.5 kJ mol−1 in the liquid, suggesting 85% anti and 15% gauche in equilibrium at room temperature. Annealing experiments indicate that the anti conformer also has a lower energy in the argon matrices, is the low‐energy conformer in the liquid and is also present in the crystal. The spectra of both conformers have been interpreted, and 34 anti and 17 gauche bands were tentatively identified. Ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed giving optimized geometries, infrared and Raman intensities and anharmonic vibrational frequencies for both conformers. The conformational energy difference derived in CBS‐QB3 and in G3 calculations was 5 kJ mol−1. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparative LSER study of the reactivity of 2‐substituted cyclohex‐1‐eneacetic and 2‐substituted phenylacetic acids with diazodiphenylmethane in various solvents
Authors: Nikolić J. B. , Ušćumlić G. S. , Juranić Ivan O. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe rate constants for the reaction of 2‐substituted cyclohex‐1‐eneacetic and 2‐substituted phenylacetic acids with diazodiphenylmethane were determined in various aprotic solvents at 30°C. To explain the kinetic results through solvent effects, the second‐order rate constants of the examined acids were correlated using the Kamlet–Taft solvatochromic equation. The correlations of the kinetic data were carried out by means of multiple linear regression analysis, and the solvent effects on the reaction rates were analyzed in terms of initial and transition state contributions. The opposite signs of the electrophilic and the nucleophilic parameters are in agreement with the well‐known mechanism of the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazodiphenylmethane. The quantitative relationship between the molecular structure and the chemical reactivity is discussed, as well as the effect of the molecular geometry on the reactivity of the examined compounds. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 613–622, 2009
β‐Ionone reactions with the nitrate radical: Rate constant and gas‐phase products
Authors: Harrison Joel C. , Ham Jason E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe bimolecular rate constant of k (9.4 ± 2.4 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 was measured using the relative rate technique for the reaction of the nitrate radical (NO3•) with 4‐(2,6,6‐trimethyl‐1‐cyclohexen‐1‐yl)‐3‐buten‐2‐one (β‐ionone) at (297 ± 3) K and 1 atmosphere total pressure. In addition, the products of β‐ionone + NO3• reaction were also investigated. The identified reaction products were glyoxal (HC(O)C(O)H), and methylglyoxal (CH3C(O)C(O)H). Derivatizing agents O‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine and N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide were used to propose the other major reaction products: 3‐oxobutane‐1,2‐diyl nitrate, 2,6,6‐trimethylcyclohex‐1‐ene‐carbaldehyde, 2‐oxo‐1‐(2,6,6‐trimethylcyclohex‐1‐en‐1‐yl)ethyl nitrate, pentane‐2,4‐dione, 3‐oxo‐1‐(2,6,6‐trimethylcyclohex‐1‐en‐1‐yl)butane‐1,2‐diyl dinitrate, 3,3‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,2‐dione, and 4‐oxopent‐2‐enal. The elucidation of these products was facilitated by mass spectrometry of the derivatized reaction products coupled with plausible β‐ionone + NO3• reaction mechanisms based on previously published volatile organic compound + NO3• gas‐phase mechanisms. The additional gas‐phase products 5‐acetyl‐2‐ethylidene‐3‐methylcyclopentyl nitrate, 1‐(1‐hydroxy‐7,7‐dimethyl‐2,3,4,5,6,7‐hexahydro‐1 H‐inden‐2‐yl)ethanone, 1‐(1‐hydroxy‐3a,7‐dimethyl‐2,3,3a,4,5,6,‐hexahydro‐1 H‐inden‐2‐yl)ethanone, and 5‐acetyl‐2‐ethylidene‐3‐methylcyclopentanone are proposed to be the result of cyclization through a reaction intermediate. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.
Int J Chem Kinet 41: 629–641, 2009
effect of initial reagent concentrations on the oscillatory behavior of the BZ reaction in a batch reactor
Authors: Ganaie Nadeem B. , Peerzada G. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA detailed investigation on resorcinol as the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) oscillator in manganese(II) ion catalyzed reaction system with inorganic bromate (oxidant) and acetone (cosubstrate) was carried out in aqueous sulfuric acid medium (1.3 M). The aforesaid reagents were mixed with various concentrations to evolve the effective concentrations at which the reaction system exhibited better oscillations. The various oscillatory parameters such as time period (tp), induction period (tin), frequency (v), amplitude (A), and number of oscillations (n) were derived, and the dependence of concentration of the reacting species on these oscillatory parameters was interpreted on the basis of the Field–Koros–Noyes mechanism. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 650–657, 2009
Study of the electron transfer reaction between [Co(EDTA)]− and [Ru(NH3)5py]2+ in methanol–water mixtures
Authors: Villa I. , Sanchez F. , Perez‐Tejeda P. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe title reaction was studied in different water–cosolvent (methanol) mixtures. The results have been rationalized employing the Marcus–Hush treatment. To apply this treatment, the true, unimolecular, electron‐transfer rate constants (ket) were obtained from the experimentally measured rate constants after calculation of the equilibrium constant for the processes of formation of the encounter complex. This calculation was carried out using Eigen–Fuoss (EF) and exponential mean spherical (EMSA) approaches employing effective values of the solvent dielectric constant. These effective values were obtained from the measured association constants corresponding to other ion pairs. The results reveal that in these media there is an additional component of reorganization energy, absent in neat solvents. An explanation of the origin of this component is given. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 658–666, 2009
Corrosion behavior of Mg‐10Gd‐2Y‐0.4Zr alloy under thin electrolyte layers
Authors: Chen C. , Zhang T. , Meng G. , Shao Y. , Wang F. , Li X. , Dong C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of Mg‐10Gd‐2Y‐0.4Zr (GW102K) alloy under thin electrolyte layer (TEL) with various thicknesses was investigated by means of cathodic polarization curve, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and electrochemical noise (EN). Based on shot noise theory and stochastic theory, the EN results were quantitatively analyzed by using the Weibull and Gumbel distribution function, respectively. The experimental results showed that the anodic and cathodic processes of the corrosion of GW102K alloy were both retained under thin electrolyte layers. Whether under TEL or not, the cathodic process was dominated by hydrogen evolution reaction. The corrosion was more localized under thin electrolyte layer than that in bulk solution. The results also demonstrated that there were two kinds of effects for thin electrolyte layer on the corrosion behavior of GW102K alloy: (i) the rate of pit initiation was evidently retarded compared to that in bulk solution; (ii) the probability of pit growth decreased, which should be the real reason why the corrosion rate of GW102K alloy decreased with the decrease in layer thickness.
Influence of ball‐milling on the oxidation behavior of Ag–Zn alloy powders
Authors: Yi D. Q. , Wu C. P. , Goto S. , Xu C. H. , Li J. , Wang B. , Xiao L. R. , Zheng F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe gas atomized Ag–15.2 at% Zn alloy powders were treated using ball‐milling. The effect of ball‐milling on surface morphology, microstructure, and oxidation behavior of the alloy powders was investigated. The results showed that ball‐milling treatment enhanced the oxidation rate of Ag–Zn alloy powders due to the increase of dislocation density and the decrease of the diffusion distance of oxygen during internal oxidation. The fully oxidized time of Ag–Zn alloy powders decreases with the ball‐milling time. In addition, the ball‐milling treatment not only changes the oxidation mechanism but also improves microstructure and properties of the Ag–ZnO materials fabricated by internal oxidation.
Electrochemical and SEM studies of a new implant bioalloy in physiological electrolytes
Authors: Popa M. V. , Vasilescu E. , Drob P. , Mareci D. , Moreno J. M. Calderon , Ivanescu S. , Vasilescu C. , Rosca J. C. Mirza 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA new implant Ti–7Al–3V–2Mo–2Fe alloy was elaborated and its behaviour in Ringer–Brown and Ringer solutions (of different pH values) was studied using cyclic potentiodynamic and linear polarisation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with its link energy dispersive X‐ray system (EDX). Cyclic potentiodynamic polarisation curves revealed that the Ti–7Al–3V–2Mo–2Fe alloy is self‐passivated in Ringer solutions. Pitting corrosion appeared in alkaline Ringer solution but at very electropositive values of the breakdown and pitting protection potentials and it is not possible to develop local corrosion on this alloy, even in extreme functional conditions. EIS spectra at open circuit potential exhibited two phase angles characterising a resistant passive film and some charge transfer reactions. SEM–EDX analysis shows the presence of some aggregates containing complex compounds of calcium, magnesium, phosphor, silicon deposited on the alloy surface.
On the applicability of high strength self‐tapping aluminium bolts in magnesium nut materials for automotive applications
Authors: Gerstmayr G. , Mori G. , Leitner H. , Eichlseder W. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractHigh strength aluminium bolts made of AW 6056 T6, AW 7075 T6 and T79 have been investigated regarding the applicability in magnesium nut materials for automotive applications. With respect to galvanic corrosion all combinations of aluminium bolts with magnesium parts show superior corrosion properties when compared to galvanised steel bolts connected to magnesium. With respect to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) no aluminium bolt in contact with magnesium failed due to SCC. This is because of cathodic protection of aluminium alloy through magnesium. Even peak‐tempered highest strengthened T6 7xxx aluminium bolts can be used for automotive applications when compressive residual stresses are present in the thread root of the bolts.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) of Methyl Methacrylate using a Functional Initiator Bearing an Amino‐Adamantane
Authors: Kavitha Amalin A. , Singha Nikhil K. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis investigation reports the preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate)s bearing amino adamantyl functionality as the end‐group via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using amino‐adamantyl isobutyryl bromide (Am‐AdiBr) as initiator. The rate of polymerization was slow compared to that of ATRP of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using conventional ATRP initiator. This may be due to the coordination between amine group and copper catalyst. All the polymers had well‐defined end group. The presence of end group was confirmed by 1H NMR, MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis, and block copolymerization experiments using PMMA bearing –Br end group as the macroinitiator. The thermal properties of the polymer were investigated by TGA and DSC analysis.magnified image
The analysis of dioxins and related compounds
Authors: Reiner Eric J. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other related compounds requires complex sample preparation and analytical procedures using highly sensitive and selective state‐of‐the‐art instrumentation to meet very stringent data quality objectives. The analytical procedures (extraction, sample preparation), instrumentation (chromatographic separation and detection by mass spectrometry) and screening techniques for the determination of dioxins, furans, dioxin‐like polychlorinated biphenyls and related compounds with a focus on new approaches and alternate techniques to standard regulatory methods are reviewed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 29:526–559, 2010
Clinical and genetic characteristics of Mexican Huntington's disease patients
Authors: Alonso María Elisa , Ochoa Adriana , Boll Marie‐Catherine , Sosa Ana Luisa , Yescas Petra , López Marisol , Macias Rosario , Familiar Itziar , Rasmussen Astrid 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe report the characteristics of 691 Mexican patients with Huntington's disease (HD). These patients, representing 401 families, constitute the largest series of Mexican HD cases as yet described in the literature. We found the clinical characteristics of these patients to be similar to those of other populations, but we observed a higher frequency of infantile cases, a shorter disease duration and a lower suicide rate. In 626 cases, for which molecular analyses were available, CAG‐trinucleotide expansion size ranged from 37–106 repeats. The large number of CAG repeats (19.04 ± 3.02) in normal alleles and the presence of new mutations suggest that the overall prevalence of HD in the Mexican population could be expected to be within range of, or higher than, that reported for Europeans. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Quantitative lateralized measures of bradykinesia at different stages of Parkinson's disease: The role of the less affected side
Authors: Louie Stephanie , Koop Mandy Miller , Frenklach Anna , Bronte‐Stewart Helen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe onset of motor abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually unilateral. However, current therapeutic trials do not analyze separately the performance of the more affected (MA) and less affected (LA) limbs. From a cohort of 85 subjects at different stages of PD, we asked whether the relationship between bradykinesia and disease severity was similar on both limbs and if the MA side remained more bradykinetic than the LA side in advanced PD. MA and LA limb determination was made from the history of the side first affected. Twenty‐one age‐matched subjects were used as controls. The velocities of finger and arm movements on both sides were inversely correlated with disease severity (P < 0.03). The slope of the decline in wrist movement velocity was steeper on the LA side (P = 0.029). When the regression lines were extrapolated to the y‐axis (UPDRS III = 0) the performance of the LA side was not different from that of controls (P = 0.954 and P = 0.829 for finger and arm movements, respectively), whereas that of the MA side was slower (P = 0.019 and P = 0.016), suggesting that at the theoretical state of no disease the LA side would reflect less or no contralateral nigral pathology. With increasing disease severity, there was less difference between MA and LA sides in both finger and arm bradykinesia (P < 0.004). These findings highlight the value of analyzing separately the MA and LA sides in subjects with PD, especially for clinical trials of potential disease modifying agents in early stages of disease. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Quantifying oxygen diffusion in paraffin oil used in oocyte and embryo culture
Authors: Stokes Yvonne M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractOxygen diffusion through oil is important in the culture of oocytes and embryos. A diffusion coefficient two orders of magnitude smaller than that of oxygen in water has been thought possible, and this has led to concerns of anoxia in cultures. Using an assay for determining the oxygen consumption rate of embryos and oocytes, along with a mathematical model, it is here shown that the oxygen diffusion rate in paraffin oil at 37°C is about two‐thirds of that in water at the same temperature. Although not previously recognised for the assay in question, the geometry is such that anoxia does occur for a period of time in excess of 1 hr and, by the completion of the assay, 30–40% of the medium is anoxic. Hence the quantity of oxygen consumed is less than would be consumed in conditions of plentiful oxygen supply. Nevertheless, using a model with a concentration dependent oxygen consumption rate, the oxygen consumption rate can be estimated. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 1178–1187, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Four‐dimensional (4D) flow of the whole heart and great vessels using real‐time respiratory self‐gating
Authors: Uribe Sergio , Beerbaum Philipp , Sørensen Thomas Sangild , Rasmusson Allan , Razavi Reza , Schaeffter Tobias 
Published: August 2009

AbstractFour‐dimensional (4D) flow imaging has been used to study flow patterns and pathophysiology, usually focused on specific thoracic vessels and cardiac chambers. Whole‐heart 4D flow at high measurement accuracy covering the entire thoracic cardiovascular system would be desirable to simplify and improve hemodynamic assessment. This has been a challenge because compensation of respiratory motion is difficult to achieve, but it is paramount to limit artifacts and improve accuracy. In this work we propose a self‐gating technique for respiratory motion‐compensation integrated into a whole‐heart 4D flow acquisition that overcomes these challenges. Flow components are measured in all three directions for each pixel over the complete cardiac cycle, and 1D volume projections are obtained at certain time intervals for respiratory gating in real time during the acquisition. The technique was tested in 15 volunteers, in which stroke volumes (SVs) in the great arteries showed excellent agreement with standard 2D phase‐contrast (PC) scans. In contrast, nongated 4D flow with two averages had substantial disagreement with 2D flow. Applied to patients with congenital cardiac left‐to‐right shunting, the precision of flux data was highly beneficial. The methodology presented here has the potential to allow a complete study of flow pathophysiology of the thoracic cardiovascular system from a single free‐breathing scan. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.