bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intradural Chondroma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mapstone T. B. , Wongmongkolrit T. , Roessman U. , Ratcheson R. A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We present a rare case of intradural chondroma. Its clinical and radiological presentation, with special emphasis on the computed tomographic appearance, and its surgical management are discussed and compared to previously published reports.
Cavernomas of the Brain
Authors: Vaquero Jesús , Leunda Guillermo , MartÍnez Roberto , Bravo Gonzalo 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Our clinical and surgical experience with 16 cases of cavernous hemangioma (cavernoma) of the brain is presented. In 50% of the cases, symptoms appeared during the 3rd decade of life. The clinical picture included seizures in 50% of the cases and a brain tumor-like syndrome in 37.5%, and 12.5% of the cases began with an intracerebral hemorrhage. In our series females predominated over males by 2:1. Computed tomographic (CT) scanning is the best procedure for the diagnosis of cavernomas. However, exact preoperative diagnosis of these lesions is infrequent because cavernomas are generally accepted to be very rare. A slightly hyperdense nodule, poorly enhanced after contrast administration, is the prominent feature on the CT scan. A small, hypodense zone surrounding the lesion and calcifications within the nodule are also found. An excellent result after operation was obtained in all cases of cavernoma located in the brain hemispheres. In deeply placed cavernomas (basal ganglia or brain stem), the surgical prognosis is doubtful, and features such as the size of the lesion and its anatomical location are important.
Quadriplegia Secondary to Hematoma after Lateral C-1, C-2 Puncture in a Leukemic Child
Authors: Mapstone Timothy B. , Rekate Harold L. , Shurin Susan B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Epidural, subdural, and intramedullary hemorrhage developed after lateral cervical (C-1, C-2) puncture in a thrombocytopenic patient with meningeal leukemia and increased intracranial pressure. Aggressive platelet support before the procedure did not prevent the hemorrhagic complication. Complete recovery from total motor paralysis with respiratory arrest followed immediate surgical decompression and continuing platelet support. The potential dangers of otherwise minor procedures in compromised patients are reiterated. Neurological recovery as seen here argues for immediate surgical intervention with the development of such potentially life-threatening events.
Abscess Formation within Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Nelson Paul B. , Haverkos Harry , Martinez Julio A. , Robinson Alan G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Three consecutive cases where abscesses were found within pituitary tumors are presented. In all cases, the diagnosis was made preoperatively and the patients were begun on stress doses of hydrocortisone and antibiotics before surgical drainage of the abscess. All patients recovered with minimal neurological deficits. Review of the literature reveals that the diagnosis is seldom made preoperatively or before autopsy and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Early suspicion of a pituitary abscess leading to early treatment with antibiotics and operative drainage seem to be important factors in decreasing this high mortality and morbidity.
Intracranial Adenocystic Carcinoma Presenting as a Primary Brain Tumor
Authors: Piepmeier Joseph M. , Virapongse Chat , Kier Leon E. , Kim Jung , Greenberg Alvin 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We present a case of an intracranial adenocystic carcinoma that clinically and radiographically mimicked a primary intracranial tumor. The radiological work-up of this tumor is presented in detail. We suggest that perineural intracranial invasion by the tumor along the trigeminal nerve resulted in its presentation as a primary intracranial tumor.
Quantitation of Hematoporphyrin Derivative in Human Gliomas, Experimental Central Nervous System Tumors, and Normal Tissues
Authors: Wharen Robert E. , Anderson Robert E. , Laws Edward R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A simple and reproducible method of quantitating the amount of hematoporphyrin derivative by fluorescence microscopy in biopsies of tumors from patients undergoing photoradiation therapy is presented, substantiated by laboratory studies of experimental central nervous system tumors and normal rat tissues. The literature regarding the quantitation of hematoporphyrin is reviewed, and implications of this study for the future application of photoradiation therapy and the design of laboratory studies are discussed.
Sclerosing Orbital Pseudotumor
Authors: Abramovitz Joel N. , Kasdon David L. , Sutula Francis , Post Kalmon D. , Chong Frank K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We report two patients who underwent orbital exploration yielding the diagnosis of sclerosing orbital pseudotumor. The presenting symptoms were exophthalmos, visual loss, abnormal ocular mobility, and ocular pain. Computed tomographic (CT) scans showed masses in the orbital apex. Steroids were ineffective. Orbital pseudotumor is a heterogeneous diagnostic category of lymphoid infiltrations of the orbit with a wide spectrum of pathological conditions and intraorbital locations. The clinical presentation typically includes the sudden onset of pain, diplopia, lid edema, and exophthalmos. Visual loss is uncommon. Most cases resolve spontaneously or respond to steroid treatment. Although fibrosis may be a prominent histological finding, the literature contains little information concerning its significance. We discuss the evidence for considering the sclerosing pseudotumors to be a significant variant with unique clinical behavior. Although features suggestive of pseudotumor were present in our cases, the presence of visual loss and an apical mass shown on the CT scan led to the presumptive diagnosis of tumor and exploratory operation. Neurosurgeons should be aware of this entity as a cause of visual loss and orbital mass. Proper suspicion may in some cases permit transorbital biopsy and avoid craniotomy, inasmuch as operation is of no therapeutic benefit in this disease.
Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Posterior Circulation Surgery
Authors: Little John R. , Lesser Ronald P. , Lueders Hans , Furlan Anthony J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) in 10 adult patients with vascular disorders of the posterior circulation that were treated surgically and to compare the BAEPs with the neurological findings. The vascular lesions included basilar artery stenosis in 3 patients. vertebral artery stenosis in 1 patient, brain stem/cerebellar arteriovenous malformation in 2 patients. and basilar artery aneurysm in 4 patients. Measurement of BAEPs were carried out during operation in all cases. Eight patients had BAEPs measured before operation. and 9 patients had BAEPs measured after operation. Repeat postoperative studies were performed in patients with changes in neurological status. In general, BAEP abnormalities correlated with the neurological findings before and after operation. Six patients had normal intraoperative studies. None of them had clinical findings of pontomesencephalic dysfunction after operation. Three patients with significant BAEP abnormalities during operation had neurological findings of pontomedullary ischemia after operation. Transient BAEP changes in 1 patient were thought to be the result of brain stem retraction. The BAEPs were lost in 3 patients who died. The use of BAEP measurement did not lengthen the operative procedures. However, the technique used in this study required 4 to 8 minutes for the accumulation and interpretation of each average, thereby delaying feedback to the surgeon. The results of this study suggest a potential role for BAEP monitoring in identifying brain stem injury during posterior circulation surgery.
Surgical Treatment of Common Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Collice Massimo , D'Angelo Vincenzo , Arena Orazio 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Complete occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) has been found in 4 to 5% of patients suffering from cerebral ischemia due to atherosclerotic lesions. The classical surgical treatment of the lesion consists of retrograde thromboendar-terectomy or bypass grafting between the subclavian artery and the carotid bifurcation with the aim of restoring flow into the internal carotid artery (ICA) or revascularizing the external carotid artery (ECA) when the ICA is definitively occluded. Recent reconstructive microneurosurgical techniques offer these patients alternative or additional possibilities of cerebral revascularization. During the last 5 years, we have treated nine patients with CCA occlusion, using different techniques mainly according to the site and extent of obstruction and the anatomical conditions of the arteries. In only one patient was the ICA found to be patent: a subclavian-ICA bypass was performed. In four other patients with occlusion of the full length of the CCA (proximal lesion) and ICA occlusion, attempts at retrograde thromboendarterectomy were made and then subclavian-ECA bypass and superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass were performed in two steps. In four patients with CCA obstruction limited to the carotid bifurcation area (distal lesion) and with ICA occlusion, the following techniques were used: (a) endarterectomy of the CCA and ECA and STA-MCA bypass in two steps (one case), (b) CCA-ECA bypass and STA-MCA bypass in two steps (one case), and (c) subclavian-MCA bypass (two cases). Four of nine patients were treated by contralateral ICA endarterectomy after repair of the CCA obstruction. Angiography was performed 7 to 10 days after every surgical procedure, and all arteries and grafts, originally opened, were found to be patent. No operative death occurred in the series, but one patient suffered a transient neurological deficit. During the follow-up period (average, 14 months), no ischemic episode occurred. These data suggest that a versatile surgical approach is rational for the treatment of CCA occlusion.
Clinical Evaluation of a Depth Electroencephalography Electrode
Authors: Maxwell Robert E. , Gates John R. , Fiol Miguel E. , Johnson Michael J. , Yap Jesse C. , Leppik Ilo E. , Gumnit Robert J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Stereo depth electroencephalography (EEG) is of proven benefit in lateralizing and localizing seizure origin in select cases of epilepsy. There are potential hazards and technical considerations inherent with depth EEG, however, that have limited the general applicability of this technique. A new depth EEG electrode with materials and design features that facilitate safe insertion and artifact-free recording has been developed. The design features and technique for inserting the electrode are described. The electrode was evaluated during 2600 hours of implantation and recording in seven patients. With the use of stereotactic techniques, the electrode could be positioned accurately within precise anatomical landmarks such as the amygdaloid nucleus and the hippocampus. After insertion, no hemorrhage or edema was detected along the electrode tracts by third generation computed tomographic scanning. There was no evidence of pyrogenicity or infection. Electrode migration was not observed. A large electrical field could be sampled because of the relatively large surface of the cylindrical depth electrode contacts.
Intradiploic Meningioma of the Orbital Roof
Authors: Pompili Alfredo , Caroli Fabrizio , Cattani Fabio , Iachetti Massimo 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The intradiploic meningioma of the orbital roof may be classified as a subgroup of intraosseous ectopic meningiomas. To date, only four cases have been described. This report examines one other case. Pathological features, diagnostic criteria, and surgical possibilities are discussed in an attempt to identify some homogenous characteristics of these five cases, which would better define the intradiploic meningioma of the orbital roof.
Combined Reconstruction of the Vertebral and Carotid Artery in One Single Procedure
Authors: Diaz Fernando G. , Ausman James I. , de los Reyes R. A. , Pearce Jeffrey , Shrontz Carl , Mehta Bharat , Patel Suresh , Dujovny Manuel 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Patients suffering from vertebrobasilar insufficiency frequently have multiple areas of involvement in the extracranial circulation. Eight patients admitted to Henry Ford Hospital had symptoms suggestive of vertebrobasilar insufficiency and angiograms showing multiple abnormalities. A combined operation that reconstructed the carotid and vertebral circulations in one single procedure was completed in all patients with minimal morbidity and no mortality. The surgical procedure is described in detail.
Control of Hypertension and Prophylaxis against Vasospasm in Cases of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Rosenwasser Robert H. , Delgado Tomas E. , Buchheit William A. , Freed Michael H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Thirty hypertensive patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were divided randomly into two groups. The treated group was begun on preliminary volume expansion, and control of hypertension was carried out using vasodilators and centrally acting drugs. The control group was treated in the classical manner for hypertension, with a diuretic as the foundation for therapy. The incidence of clinical vasospasm was compared to that of angiographic spasm. The incidence of preoperative vasospasm in the treated group was 20%, as compared to 60% in the untreated group (P &lt; 0.01). Of the treated group, 87% survived to operation, whereas only 53% of the control group survived to operation (P &lt; 0.01).
Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Cases of Acoustic Neurinoma: Further Experiences
Authors: Norén Georg , Arndt Jürgen , Hindmarsh Tomas 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Fourteen patients with acoustic neurinomas varying in size from 7 to 30 mm were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery and then were followed for 4 years. The tumors of eight patients decreased 1 to 10 mm in diameter, no change was found in two, and the tumor increased slightly in three patients. Loss of the ability to enhance with contrast administration on computed tomographic scan was a common effect of the treatment. One patient in poor general condition died from intercurrent disease 6 months after radiosurgery. At postmortem examination, a large central necrosis was found. Among five patients with hearing before treatment, full preservation was demonstrated in one; in the other four, the mean impairment of speech discrimination score was 43%. One patient with total unilateral deafness regained hearing and achieved a discrimination score of 60% at 1 year after treatment. There was transient facial weakness in five patients, which was detectable only by electromyography in one. Facial hypesthesia appeared in two patients and was transitory in one of them. Thirteen of the patients are in good or excellent general condition. Stereotactic radiosurgery offers the only therapeutic alternative to open operation in the management of acoustic neurinomas. It is worth considering for every patient, but especially for poor risk patients and those with bilateral tumors.
Epidural Morphine for Control of Pain after Spinal Surgery: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Schmidek Henry H. , Cutler Scott G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Epidural opiates have been used successfully for the control of postoperative pain after obstetrical, abdominal, and orthopedic procedures. The use of these agents for the control of pain after operation on the thoracic and lumbar spine is reported. A catheter is inserted under direct vision into the epidural space after semihemilaminectomy and disc excision, posterior decompressive lumbar laminectomy, and anterolateral thoracolumbar decompression and just before wound closure. Excellent postoperative pain relief is achieved for 8 to 20 hours after single epidural injections of between 2 and 6 mg of morphine. Catheters are left in situ for 2 to 5 days. To date, no complications requiring treatment have been encountered with this approach.
A Suprasellar Atypical Teratoma Presenting as an Intrasellar Mass: A Case Report
Authors: Fults Dan , Kelly David L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Intracranial atypical teratomas are midline brain tumors with both germinomatous and teratomatous elements. When they occur in the suprasellar region, they usually present with a classic triad of visual disturbances, diabetes insipidus, and hypopituitarism. We report the case of a suprasellar atypical teratoma that presented as an intrasellar lesion and caused secondary amenorrhea in a 15-year-old girl.
Computed Tomography of Traumatic Atlantooccipital Dislocation
Authors: Gerlock Amil J. , Mirfakhraee Mansour , Benzel Edward C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Although atlantooccipital dislocation is a well-recognized radiological entity, its computed tomographic (CT) recognition has not been previously described. It is the purpose of this report to show the complementary role of CT in precisely defining the abnormalities in both the coronal and the sagittal reconstruction planes. A case is presented and the literature is reviewed.
Calcified Metastases to the Brain in a Child: Case Report
Authors: Tomita Tadanori , Larsen Marianne B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A child with calcified intracranial metastases of undifferentiated sarcoma of the mediastinum is described. Calcifications in metastatic neoplasms to the brain are rare, but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial calcified lesions.
Total Removal of a Brain Stem Arteriovenous Malformation: Case Report
Authors: Yonekawa Yasuhiro , Handa Hajime , Taki Waro 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The successful total removal of a brain stem arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a two-staged operation is reported. The importance of selection of the approach for such an AVM because of the topographical anatomy is emphasized.
Extradural Hematoma: Toward Zero Mortality
Authors: Bricolo Albino P. , Pasut Luisa M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This is a prospective analysis of 107 consecutive cases of extradural hematoma treated during the last 3 years at the Department of Neurosurgery of the University Hospital of Verona (Italy). The overall mortality was 5%; 89% of the patients made a good recovery or had only moderate residual disability. We regard this as meaningful progress compared to recent reports from other sources showing mortality rates of approximately 20%. The majority of our patients (57%) underwent operation within 6 hours of injury; 60% went into surgery with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score between 8 and 15. No deaths occurred among patients reaching surgery with a GCS score of 8 or better; all patients with scores of 8 to 15 made a good recovery (63 cases). Seventeen patients went into surgery while still free of neurological signs, and 8 had only one dilated pupil; all 25 made good recoveries. A flexion posture at admission cuts the chances of a good outcome by one-half; an extension posture cuts the chances to one-fourth. Ninety-five per cent of the patients had fractures of the skull; only 21% had the classical lucid interval. The cause of all 5 deaths was identified as stemming from avoidable errors in management in outlying hospitals (2 cases) or in our own department (3 cases). The results of this study indicate that zero mortality from extradural hematoma is a realistic goal for a modern, well-run care system for head-injured patients that includes prompt referral by community doctors and suitable hospital facilities for constant access to emergency neurosurgery.
Hemifacial Spasm Caused by a Venule: Case Report
Authors: Jannetta Peter J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The syndrome of hemifacial spasm occurs as a consequence of compression, almost universally by blood vessels, of the root entry zone of the facial nerve. The vascular compression is usually obvious at operation, but may be subtle. The author describes a case in which a venule running in an anterior-posterior direction across the caudal aspect of the root entry zone of the facial nerve, which was thought to be causing the spasm, was coagulated and divided. A small, more distal arteriole, probably not contributory, was decompressed away from the nerve. After operation, the patient improved gradually, and she remains free of facial spasm or weakness. This is the most subtle vascular compression seen by the author and his colleagues in over 400 microvascular decompressions for hemifacial spasm.
Petriellidium boydii Pachymeningitis Treated with Miconazole and Ketoconazole
Authors: Schiess Robert J. , Coscia Michael F. , McClellan George A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A very rare case of Petriellidium boydii pachymeningitis is described. Rarer still is the stabilization of this case for a prolonged period. Miconazole and ketaconazole both seemed useful in the treatment. and their role is discussed.
Management of Hydrocephalus Secondary to Intracranial Hemorrhage in the High Risk Newborn
Authors: James H. E. , Bejar R. , Merritt A. , Gluck L. , Coen R. , Mannino F. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The experience of the Special Care Nursery of the University of California Medical Center, San Diego, in the management of the high risk newborn with progressive ventricular enlargement is reviewed, and the physiopathological basis of progressive ventricular enlargement is analyzed. (Neurosurgery 14:612-618, 1984)
Primary Spinal Chondrosarcoma with Eighteen-Year Follow-up: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hirsh Leonard F. , Thanki Ashok , Spector Harvey B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Although chrondrosarcomas are common primary bone tumors, their occurrence in the spine is very rare. Because total excision in such cases is seldom possible, few long term survivors have been reported. We are reporting one patient with a high thoracic spinal chondrosarcoma who survived with useful function for over 18 years because of repeated local tumor excisions. The literature is reviewed, and an aggressive surgical treatment of spinal chondrosarcoma is recommended.
Indirect Injury of the Optic Nerve
Authors: Kline Lanning B. , Morawetz Richard B. , Swaid Swaid N. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Visual loss due to optic nerve injury after closed head trauma constitutes a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician. Assessment must be made of the site of optic nerve injury, and this is often difficult in the patient with an altered level of consciousness. A decision regarding optic nerve decompression must be formulated, yet the literature is confusing with regard to operative indications. In reviewing current pathogenetic theories, clinicopathological data, and therapeutic options, this report attempts to clarify the role of surgical intervention in indirect optic nerve injury.
Incidence of Skull Fractures in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Authors: Nelson Evan Lloyd , Melton Joseph L. , Annegers John F. , Laws Edward R. , Offord Kenneth P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Between 1935 and 1974, 3598 episodes of head trauma among Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents resulted in 1097 skull fractures. Of these, 53% were simple, 16% were depressed, 12% were compound, and 19% were basilar. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of skull fractures was 44.3 per 100,000 person-years overall, was somewhat greater in the urban than in the rural areas of Olmsted County, and was relatively stable for the final 30 years of the study. Age-specific incidence rates were highest for the very young, and simple linear fractures were the predominant type of skull fracture in this age group and among the elderly. The male:female ratio of incidence rates varied from 2.1:1 to 4.5:1 depending on fracture type. Motor vehicle accidents accounted for 38% of the skull fractures and were a particularly important cause among young males. Falls accounted for 37% of the skull fractures and were the major cause of fractures in the elderly and pediatric age groups. The results of this population-based study may be helpful in formulating recommendations for the evaluation and management of head-injured patients.