bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of resting electrocardiogram, P wave dispersion and duration in different genders applying for registration to the School of Physical Education and Sports – results of a single centre Turkish Trial with 2093 healthy subjects
Authors: Yildiz Mustafa , Aygin Dilek , Pazarli Pinar , Sayan Ayse , Semiz Olcay , Kahyaoglu Osman , Yildiz Banu S. , Hasdemir Hakan , Akin Ibrahim , Keser Nurgul , Altinkaynak Sevin 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe 12-lead electrocardiogram shows a broad range of abnormal patterns in trained athletes. The primary end point of this study was to investigate P wave dispersion, and P wave durations and related factors in different genders applying for registration to the School of Physical Education and Sports.Methods and ResultsFrom 2006 to 2009, a total of 2093 students – 1674 boys with a mean age of 19.8 plus or minus 1.9 years and 419 girls with a mean age of 19.1 plus or minus 1.8 years – were included in the study. All 12 leads of the resting electrocardiogram were evaluated for P wave dispersion and electrocardiogram abnormalities. Baseline parameters such as age, body weight, body height, and body mass index, as well as electrocardiogram findings such as P wave maximal duration and P wave dispersion, were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Of all the parameters tested with correlation analysis, only gender (p = 0.03) (r = 0.04), body weight (p < 0.001) (r = 0.07), body height (p = 0.004) (r = 0.06), and body mass index (p = 0.01) (p = 0.05) were correlated with P wave dispersion.ConclusionThe frequencies of all electrocardiogram abnormalities, P wave dispersion, and P wave maximal duration were higher in boys as compared with girls in an unselected student population applying for registration to the School of Physical Education and Sports; in addition, P wave dispersion was correlated with gender, body weight, body height, and body mass index.
Adolescents’ drawings of their cardiac abnormality
Authors: Wang QiFeng , Hay Margaret , Clarke David , Menahem Samuel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFollowing advances in overall management and improved outcomes, an increasing number of adolescents with cardiac disease are reaching adult age. Patients in general, including adolescents, seem to have a poor knowledge of their illness, which may further reflect in a less optimal quality of life. As a guide to their knowledge of their cardiac condition, adolescents were asked to draw a diagram of their cardiac abnormality. Relatively well adolescents aged 12–20 years with a cardiac abnormality were consecutively recruited from an ambulatory setting. All were asked to draw a picture of their cardiac abnormality and describe their condition. A total of 120 patients were recruited and had conditions varying from a hyperplastic right ventricle to a small ventricular septal defect. Only 60 (50%) of the patients completed a drawing, of which one-third did so at the time of attendance. Nevertheless, there was no difference between the accuracy of the adolescents’ drawings completed at home or at the clinic. Only three patients drew an accurate diagram of their congenital cardiac abnormality. A further nine patients drew a reasonably correct diagram, 13 patients a partially correct diagram, whereas 35 patients submitted incorrect diagrams. Adolescents with congenital cardiac disease, many having been cared for since infancy with regular cardiological reviews, had a poor anatomical knowledge of their cardiac lesion, as reflected by their inability to correctly draw their abnormality. These findings suggest the need for improved strategies in developing appropriate education programmes for this patient population.
Does the diet of Tehranian adults ensure compliance with nutritional targets? Observations from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Hosseini-Esfahani Firoozeh , Jessri Mahsa , Mirmiran Parvin , Sadeghi Mahboubeh , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse dietary compliance with WHO/FAO nutritional objectives, identify food subgroups that contribute to discrepancies between dietary intakes and recommendations, and assess food patterns and risk factor profiles at common nutritional targets.DesignThe study was a population-based, cross-sectional assessment of the dietary patterns of Tehranian adults. Usual dietary intake was assessed in relation to common nutritional targets of public health (fat, saturated fat, dietary fibre, fruit and vegetables) using a validated FFQ. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors were diagnosed based on the Iranian-modified diagnostic criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III.SettingThe Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2005–2008).SubjectsA total of 2510 individuals (1121 men and 1389 women), aged between 19 and 70 years.ResultsGenerally, 68·5 % of total grain ounce-equivalents were derived from refined grains, with rice making up 36·6 % of all grains consumed. Solid fat (61·1 %) contributed more to discretionary energy than did added sugars (38·9 %). There was a twofold difference in fruit and vegetable consumption between the lowest and highest quartile categories of dietary fibre intake. The probability of having MetS was significantly lower in the highest quartile of fibre intake v. the lowest (OR = 0·69, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·84 v. OR = 0·92, 95 % CI 0·80, 1·03; P -trend < 0·001), whereas it was higher in the highest quartile of SFA intake v. the lowest (OR = 0·92, 95 % CI 0·78, 0·98 v. OR = 0·71, 95 % CI 0·62, 0·89; P-trend = 0·01).ConclusionsComplying with common nutritional targets of public health is inversely associated with MetS risk factors in Tehranian adults. These results may initiate measures for future development of regional food-based dietary guidelines.
Supermarket and fast-food outlet exposure in Copenhagen: associations with socio-economic and demographic characteristics
Authors: Svastisalee Chalida M , Nordahl Helene , Glümer Charlotte , Holstein Bjørn E , Powell Lisa M , Due Pernille 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether exposure to fast-food outlets and supermarkets is socio-economically patterned in the city of Copenhagen.DesignThe study was based on a cross-sectional multivariate approach to examine the association between the number of fast-food outlets and supermarkets and neighbourhood-level socio-economic indicators. Food business addresses were obtained from commercial and public business locators and geocoded using a geographic information system for all neighbourhoods in the city of Copenhagen (n 400). The regression of counts of fast-food outlets and supermarkets v. indicators of socio-economic status (percentage of recent immigrants, percentage without a high-school diploma, percentage of the population under 35 years of age and average household income in Euros) was performed using negative binomial analysis.SettingCopenhagen, Denmark.SubjectsThe unit of analysis was neighbourhood (n 400).ResultsIn the fully adjusted models, income was not a significant predictor for supermarket exposure. However, neighbourhoods with low and mid-low income were associated with significantly fewer fast-food outlets. Using backwise deletion from the fully adjusted models, low income remained significantly associated with fast-food outlet exposure (rate ratio = 0·66–0·80) in the final model.ConclusionsIn the city of Copenhagen, there was no evidence of spatial patterning of supermarkets by income. However, we detected a trend in the exposure to fast-food outlets, such that neighbourhoods in the lowest income quartile had fewer fast-food outlets than higher-income neighbourhoods. These findings have similarities with studies conducted in the UK, but not in the USA. The results suggest there may be socio-economic factors other than income associated with food exposure in Europe.
EIGENFUNCTIONS ARISING FROM A FIRST-ORDER FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION IN A CELL GROWTH MODEL
Authors: VAN BRUNT BRUCE , VLIEG-HULSTMAN M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA boundary-value problem for cell growth leads to an eigenvalue problem. In this paper some properties of the eigenfunctions are studied. The first eigenfunction is a probability density function and is of importance in the cell growth model. We sharpen an earlier uniqueness result and show that the distribution is unimodal. We then show that the higher eigenfunctions have nested zeros. We show that the eigenfunctions are not mutually orthogonal, but that there are certain orthogonality relations that effectively partition the set of eigenfunctions into two sets.
Assessing the adjustment implications of trade policy changes using the Tariff Reform Impact Simulation Tool (TRIST)
Authors: BRENTON PAUL , SABOROWSKI CHRISTIAN , STARITZ CORNELIA , VON UEXKULL ERIK 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTRIST is a simple, easy to use, country focused tool to assess the short-term adjustment implications of trade reform. It has been developed to improve the information available to policy makers in developing countries. It has the following key features: projections are based on revenues actually collected at the tariff line level rather than simply applying statutory rates, as in currently available tools; it is transparent, runs in Excel, with formulas and calculation steps visible to the user, and is open-source with users free to change, extend, or improve according to their needs; it has high policy relevance because it projects the impact of tariff reform on total fiscal revenue from imports (including VAT and excise taxes) and results are available at the product level so that sensitive products or sectors can be identified; the tool is flexible and can incorporate tariff liberalization scenarios involving any group of trading partners and any schedule of products. This paper describes the TRIST tool and provides a range of examples that demonstrate the insights that the tool can provide to policy makers on the short-term adjustment impacts of reducing tariffs.
International regulation of free zones: an analysis of multilateral customs and trade rules
Authors: SHADIKHODJAEV SHERZOD 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMultilateral regulation of free zones is largely based on the International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures as amended (Revised Kyoto Convention) and WTO disciplines. The Revised Kyoto Convention treats free zones as an area with some ‘exterritorial’ elements, while WTO law does not accord such treatment to free zones. The regulatory framework under the former is more flexible than that under the latter. As of 1 June 2010, 63 out of the 69 contracting parties to the Revised Kyoto Convention are members of the WTO, so they must live up to their commitments under both legal systems. This article provides an analysis of relevant provisions of the Revised Kyoto Convention and WTO rules and jurisprudence that can be taken into account by national authorities in the conduct of their free-zone policies.
Conceptualizing and targeting beliefs in the treatment of a man with obsessive compulsive disorder and overvalued ideation
Authors: Christodoulides Thomas , Callcott Pauline , Dudley Robert 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThere are theoretical challenges in distinguishing obsessions from overvalued ideas (OVIs) and delusions. The latter can be defined by its rigid nature and unusual content, but obsessions and OVIs are also reported with such characteristics. Clinically, what are the implications when this distinction is not entirely clear? In this case study, these issues are explored with a man who presented with commonly reported symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and a belief about transforming into a giant fly. Clinically meaningful gains were made following a course of 17 sessions of CBT, providing some additional support for the effectiveness of CBT for abnormal beliefs within OCD.
Analysis of a folded reflect-array antenna using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Dieter Sabine , Fischer Christoph , Menzel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2011

In this paper, a method for design and optimization of folded reflect-array antennas is proposed based on particleswarm optimization (PSO). In addition to such a powerful optimization algorithm, two further requirements have to be fulfilled. The first one is a good and fast algorithm for the exact prognosis of the far-field radiation diagram, resulting from a specific element configuration on the reflector. Additionally, a good choice of the fitness function for the evaluation of the resulting radiation diagrams is necessary. In both, reflect-array-related aspects such as phase truncation, reflection losses, and cell discontinuities have to be considered. Antenna optimization based on this technique is presented in this paper at the example of two 77 GHz folded reflect-array antennas. The efficiency of this approach is demonstrated with these examples, and the results are verified by measurement, showing an excellent agreement with the specifications of the diagram masks. The implemented tool, including a realistic antenna diagram preview, allows the investigation of the design parameters’ influence on the antenna performance, such as illumination amplitude, high substrate losses, and phase truncation.
Implementation of wideband digital beam forming in the E-band
Authors: Dyadyuk Val , Huang Xiaojing , Stokes Leigh , Pathikulangara Joseph 
Published: April 2011

This paper reports the test results of a small-scale prototype that implements a digitally beam-formed phased antenna array in the E-band. A four-channel dual-conversion receive RF module for 71–76 GHz frequency band has been developed and integrated with a linear end-fire antenna array. Wideband frequency-domain angle-of-arrival estimation and beam-forming algorithms were developed and implemented using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) at 1 Gbps. Measured performance is very close to the simulated results and experimental data for an analogue-beam-formed array. This work is a stepping stone toward practical realization of larger hybrid arrays in the E-band.
Zum Einfluss von Bindungsmerkmalen auf Gegenübertragungsreaktionen
Authors: Kirchmann Helmut , Thomas Andrea , Brüderle Elisabeth , Strauß Bernhard 
Published: April 2011

Zusammenfassung. Zur Aufklärung der in der Literatur gefundenen Zusammenhänge zwischen Bindungsmustern von Psychotherapiepatienten vor der Behandlung und der Qualität der therapeutischen Beziehung wurden drei Tonband-Sequenzen aus Adult-Attachment-Interviews, die jeweils prototypisch eine sichere (autonomous), eine ambivalente (enmeshed) oder eine vermeidende (dismissive) Bindung repräsentierten, nach Zufall einer Stichprobe von N = 343 Medizinstudenten zugeordnet. Nach der Präsentation der Tonbandsequenzen wurden das emotionale Wohlbefinden der Probanden, ihre Einschätzung der Freundlichkeit der interviewten Person und ihre Bereitschaft, mit der Person in Kontakt zu treten, erhoben. Die Datenanalysen ergaben, dass Probanden, die den ambivalenten Tonbandausschnitt gehört hatten, die stärksten Beeinträchtigungen des Wohlbefindens zeigten, wohingegen die Einschätzungen der Freundlichkeit sowie die Kontaktbereitschaft bei den Probanden mit vermeidender Darbietung am geringsten ausfielen. Interaktionseffekte zwischen den unterschiedlichen Tonbanddarbietungen und dem Bindungstyp der Probanden ergaben sich nicht. Die Studie repliziert die Ergebnisse von Martin et al. (2007) , bei der das gleiche Gegenübertragungs-Reaktionsmuster an zwei Stichproben (Studierenden sowie Psychotherapie-Ausbildungskandidaten) gefunden wurde. Psychotherapeuten sollten sich bewusst sein, dass unterschiedliche Gegenübertragungsreaktionen auf so subtilen Bahnen wie der Erzählung der Patienten über ihre Beziehung zu den Eltern ausgelöst werden können. Die Kenntnis des Bindungsmusters ihrer Patienten kann für Psychotherapeuten hilfreich sein bei der Entwicklung einer tragfähigen therapeutischen Beziehung.
Nash equilibria in quantum games
Authors: Landsburg Steven 
Published: April 2011

For any two-by-two game

G

\mathbf {G}

, we define a new two-player game

G

Q

\mathbf {G}^Q

. The definition is motivated by a vision of players in game

G

\mathbf {G}

communicating via quantum technology according to the protocol introduced by J. Eisert and M. Wilkins.

In the game

G

Q

\mathbf {G}^Q

, each player’s (mixed) strategy set consists of the set of all probability distributions on the 3-sphere

S

3

\mathbf {S}^3

. Nash equilibria in the game can be difficult to compute.

Our main theorems classify all possible mixed-strategy equilibria. First, we show that up to a suitable definition of equivalence, any strategy that arises in equilibrium is supported on at most four points; then we show that those four points must lie in one of a small number of allowable geometric configurations.
Importance of age structure in models of the response of upper trophic levels to fishing and climate change
Authors: Botsford Louis W. , Holland Matthew D. , Samhouri Jameal F. , White J. Wilson , Hastings Alan 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Botsford, L. W., Holland, M. D., Samhouri, J. F., White, J. W., and Hastings, A. 2011. Importance of age structure in models of the response of upper trophic levels to fishing and climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1270–1283. There is a growing effort to use predictions of the physical state of the ocean under climate change to forecast the response of marine ecosystems. Many of these forecasts use ecosystem models rather than age-structured population models to describe upper trophic level (UTL) species. We illustrate the potential effects of climate on age-structured populations, then illustrate the ways in which ecosystem models might not depict adequately: (i) long-term changes in abundance, and (ii) variability attributable to cohort resonance. We simulated two generic species with different life histories, a short-lived semelparous species (e.g. salmon), and a long-lived iteroparous species (e.g. cod). For both species, juvenile survival was varied, first with white noise, then with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation as environmental signals. Variability in recruitment increased with fishing and became particularly sensitive to forcing at time-scales near the mean age of reproduction, consistent with the cohort resonance effect. Ecosystem models without age structure do not predict this behaviour, particularly when the ecosystem model incorrectly predicts the effective steepness of the stock–recruitment relationship, or the age structure is approximated by a stage-structured model. We suggest that ecosystem models of UTLs include full representations of age structure, fitted to available population data.
The Quaternary Lidocaine Derivative, QX-314, Exerts Biphasic Effects on Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subtype 1 Channels In Vitro
Authors: Rivera-Acevedo Ricardo E. , Pless Stephan A. , Ahern Christopher A. , Schwarz Stephan K. W. 
Published: April 2011

Background
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member 1 (TRPV1) channels are important integrators of noxious stimuli with pronounced expression in nociceptive neurons. The experimental local anesthetic, QX-314, a quaternary (i.e., permanently charged) lidocaine derivative, recently has been shown to interact with and permeate these channels to produce nociceptive and sensory blockade in animals in vivo. However, little is known about the specific interactions between QX-314 and TRPV1 channels. Thus, the authors examined the mechanistic basis by which QX-314 acts on TRPV1 channels.

Methods
The authors conducted an in vitro laboratory study in which they expressed TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels in Xenopus laevis oocytes and recorded cation currents with the two-electrode voltage clamp method. They used confocal microscopy for Ca²⁺ imaging in TRPV1 transient transfected tsA201 cells. Drugs were bath-applied by gravity perfusion. Statistical analyses were performed using Student t test, ANOVA, and post tests as appropriate (P < 0.05).

Results
QX-314 activated TRPV1 channels at 10, 30, and 60 mM (0.4 ± 0.1%, 3.5 ± 1.3%, and 21.5 ± 6.9% of normalized peak activation, respectively; mean ± SEM; n = 12) but not TRPV4 channels (P < 0.001). Activation by QX-314 was blocked by the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine (100 μM). QX-314 (60 mM) activation and blockade by capsazepine was also demonstrated in Ca²⁺ imaging studies on TRPV1-expressing tsA201 cells. At subactivating concentrations (less than 1 mM), QX-314 potently inhibited capsaicin-evoked TRPV1 currents with an IC₅₀ of 8.0 ± 0.6 μM.

Conclusions
The results of this study show that the quaternary lidocaine derivative QX-314 exerts biphasic effects on TRPV1 channels, inhibiting capsaicin-evoked TRPV1 currents at lower (micromolar) concentrations and activating TRPV1 channels at higher (millimolar) concentrations. These findings provide novel insights into the interactions between QX-314 and TRPV1 and may provide an explanation for the irritant properties of intrathecal QX-314 in mice in vivo.
Minimally Invasive versus Open Mitral Valve Surgery a Consensus Statement of the International Society of Minimally Invasive Coronary Surgery (ISMICS) 2010
Authors: Falk Volkmar , Cheng Davy C. H. , Martin Janet , Diegeler Anno , Folliguet Thierry A. , Nifong L. Wiley , Perier Patrick , Raanani Ehud , Smith J. Michael , Seeburger Joerg 
Published: April 2011

Objective The purpose of this consensus conference was to deliberate the evidence regarding whether minimally invasive mitral valve surgery via thoracotomy improves clinical and resource outcomes compared with conventional open mitral valve surgery via median sternotomy in adults who require surgical intervention for mitral valve disease. Methods Before the consensus conference, the consensus panel reviewed the best available evidence up to March 2010, whereby systematic reviews, randomized trials, and nonrandomized trials were considered in descending order of validity and importance. The accompanying meta-analysis article in this issue of the Journal provides the systematic review of the evidence. Based on this systematic review, evidence-based statements were created for pre-specified clinical questions, and consensus processes were used to derive recommendations. The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology system was used to label the level of evidence and class of each recommendation. Results and Conclusions Considering the underlying level of evidence, and notwithstanding the limitations of the evidence base (retrospective studies with important differences in baseline patient characteristics, which may produce bias in results of the evidence syntheses), the consensus panel provided the following evidence-based statements and overall recommendation: In patients with mitral valve disease, minimally invasive surgery may be an alternative to conventional mitral valve surgery (Class IIb), given that there was comparable short-term and long-term mortality (level B), comparable in-hospital morbidity (renal, pulmonary, cardiac complications, pain perception, and readmissions) (level B), reduced sternal complications, transfusions, postoperative atrial fibrillation, duration of ventilation, and intensive care unit and hospital length of stay (level B). However, this should be considered against the increased risk of stroke (2.1% vs 1.2%) (level B), aortic dissection (0.2% vs 0%) (level B), phrenic nerve palsy (3% vs 0%) (level B), groin infections/complications (2% vs 0%) (level B), and, prolonged cross-clamp time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and procedure time (level B). The available evidence consists almost entirely of observational studies and must not be considered definitive until future adequately controlled randomized trials further address the risk of stroke, aortic complications, phrenic nerve complications, pain, long-term survival, need for reintervention, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.