bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fission processes following core level excitation in closo ‐1,2‐orthocarborane
Authors: Rühl E. , Hitchcock A. P. , Bozek J. D. , Tyliszczak T. , Kilcoyne A. L. D. , McIlroy D. N. , Knop‐Gericke A. , Dowben P. A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTime‐of‐flight mass analysis with multi‐stop coincidence detection was used to study the multi‐cation ionic fragmentation of the closo carborane cage molecule closo ‐1,2‐orthocarborane (C2B10H12) following inner‐shell excitation in or above the B 1s regime. Electron ion coincidence spectra reveal the cationic products which are formed after core level excitation. Distinct changes in fragmentation pattern are observed as a function of excitation energy. Photoelectron–photoion–photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO) spectroscopy was used to study the dominant fission routes in the core level excitation regime. Series of ion pairs are identified, where asymmetric fission dominates, leading to ion pairs of different mass. Suitable fission and fragmentation mechanisms are discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of van Hove singularities in the GaN dielectric function: a comparison of the cubic and hexagonal phase
Authors: Cobet C. , Goldhahn R. , Richter W. , Esser N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe present a detailed analysis of interband transition structures in the dielectric function of GaN. The dielectric function of the stable wurtzite and the metastable zinc blende phase were determined by means of synchrotron spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral range between 3 eV and 20 eV where the most significant structures of the dielectric function are located. In the hexagonal case, both the ordinary and extraordinary dielectric tensor component was measured on GaN films with M ‐plane/[1 $ \bar 1 $00] orientation. In a comparative discussion of the two hexagonal tensor components and the zinc blende dielectric function, all prominent absorption structures were assigned to specific interband transitions at high symmetry points in the Brillouin zone. The assignment considers the individual dipole transition probabilities depending on the crystal symmetry and the geometry of the measurement. Furthermore, a detailed theoretical band‐to‐band analysis of dielectric function features, published by Lambrecht et al. [1], was considered. In conclusion, we suggest a new labeling of absorption structures as used in classical III–V materials like GaAs, which reflects the origin of transition structures from specific points in the respective Brillouin zones. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solid organ transplantation in HIV‐infected individuals: an update
Authors: Huprikar Shirish 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the survival of patients with HIV has improved. Increasing morbidity and mortality are now related to chronic liver and kidney disease. Transplantation in HIV patients has been reported for nearly two decades and outcomes have generally improved in the HAART era. This review summarises the published experiences with liver and kidney transplantation in HIV patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting the similarity search performance of fingerprints and their combination with molecular property descriptors using probabilistic and information theoretic modeling
Authors: Vogt Martin , Nisius Britta , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSimilarity searching is currently one of the most widely applied approaches to computationally screen large databases for novel active compounds, and molecular fingerprints are among the most popular search tools. Fingerprint searching has recently also been applied in chemical biology to identify compounds that are selective for a target within a group of related ones. In general, fingerprints are bit string representations of molecular structure and properties but their design, size, and complexity often vary substantially. Like essentially all similarity search tools, fingerprints display a strong compound class dependence in their ability to identify active molecules and distinguish them from other database compounds. In practical applications, this limitation makes it very difficult to select or prioritize fingerprints that are most suitable for a given search problem. We have previously (i) devised a Bayesian‐scoring scheme to combine fingerprints and molecular property descriptors for similarity searching and (ii) developed an information‐theoretic approach to predict active compound recall rates for fingerprint searching. Herein, we combine these methods and present an approach for the prediction of compound recall in search calculations using Bayesian screening with molecular property descriptors, fingerprints and their combination. For practical similarity search applications, this analysis is highly relevant because it makes it possible to identify search methods that are most likely to be successful for a given compound activity class and screening database. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2: 123‐134, 2009
Africa is open for business: A continent on the move
Authors: Babarinde Olufemi A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUntil recently, it seemed African countries had not been on the radar screen of many non‐African companies with global operations, let alone constituted prominent components of their global supplychain networks. While several factors might have accounted for the marginalization of Africa by the global business community, perhaps the most critical was the seemingly incessant unflattering portrayal of the continent by Western media. African governments have been using a slew of tools and strategies to reform their economies and polities and to make the African business environment more business‐friendly, and the non‐African business community is availing itself of bursting business and investment opportunities in the continent. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On cracking direct‐sequence spread‐spectrum systems
Authors: Jo Youngho , Wu Dapeng 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSecure transmission of information over hostile wireless environments is desired by both military and civilian parties. Direct‐sequence spread‐spectrum (DS‐SS) is such a covert technique resistant to interference, interception, and multipath fading. Identifying spread‐spectrum signals or cracking DS‐SS systems by an unintended receiver (or eavesdropper) withouta prioriknowledge is a challenging problem. To address this problem, we first search for the start position of data symbols in the spread signal (for symbol synchronization); our method is based on maximizing the spectral norm of a sample covariance matrix, which achieves smaller estimation error than the existing method of maximizing the Frobenius norm. After synchronization, we remove a spread sequence by a cross‐correlation based method, and identify the spread sequence by a matched filter. The proposed identification method is less expensive and more accurate than the existing methods. We also propose a zigzag searching method to identify a generator polynomial that reduces memory requirement and is capable of correcting polarity errors existing in the previous methods. In addition, we analyze the bit error performance of our proposed method. The simulation results agree well with our analytical results, indicating the accuracy of our analysis in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. By simulation, we also demonstrate the performance improvement of our proposed schemes over the existing methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to Violence, Support Needs, Adjustment, and Motivators Among Guatemalan Humanitarian Aid Workers
Authors: Putman Katharine M. , Lantz Jeanette I. , Townsend Cynthia L. , Gallegos Autumn M. , Potts Amy A. , Roberts Rebecca C. , Cree Emily R. , de Villagrán Marina , Eriksson Cynthia B. , Foy David W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIndigenous aid workers carry out the majority of humanitarian aid work, yet there is little empirical information available on their support needs in different contexts. Focus groups (N = 26: Study 1) and a survey (N = 137; Study 2) were conducted with Guatemalan aid workers to explore their exposure to violence, posttraumatic stress symptoms, burnout, support needs, and motivators. Participants reported experiencing an average of 13 events of community violence and 17% reported symptoms consistent with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Direct community violence exposure and levels of emotional exhaustion were positively related to PTSD symptoms, while levels of personal accomplishment were inversely related to PTSD symptoms. Expressed support needs, motivators and rewards for aid work in the face of adversity are also reported as potential protective factors for further exploration. Implications for training and support of aid workers in similar contexts are also suggested.
The HMG‐CoA Reductase Gene and Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Yi‐Chun , Chen Yii‐Der I. , Li Xiaohui , Post Wendy , Herrington David , Polak Joseph F. , Rotter Jerome I. , Taylor Kent D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractHMG‐CoA reductase (HMGCR) is an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis. To investigate the contribution of the HMGCR gene to lipids and lipoprotein subfractions in different ethnicities, we performed an association study in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In total, 2,444 MESA subjects [597 African‐Americans (AA), 627 Chinese‐Americans (CHA), 612 European‐Americans (EA), and 608 Hispanic‐Americans (HA)] without statin use were included. Participants had measurements of blood pressure, anthropometry, and fasting blood samples. Subjects were genotyped for 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After excluding SNPs with minor allele frequency <5%, a single block was constructed. The most frequent haplotype was H1 (41–56%) in all ethnic groups except AA (H2a, 44.9%). Lower triglyceride level was associated with the H2a haplotype in AA and H2 in HA. In HA, H4 carriers had higher levels of triglyceride and small low‐density lipoprotein (s‐LDL), and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c), while carriers with H7 or H8 had associations with these traits in the opposite direction. No significant association was discovered in both CHA and EA. The total variation for triglyceride that could be explained by H2 alone was 2.6% in HA and 1.4% in AA. In conclusion, HMGCR gene variation is associated with multiple lipid/lipoprotein traits, especially with triglyceride, s‐LDL, and HDL‐c. The impact of the genetic variance is modest and differs greatly among ethnicities.
Quality of Crude Oil Extracted from Aging Walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) Byproducts
Authors: Wu Ted H. , Bechtel Peter J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe quality of crude oil was examined as a function of the temperature and delay time between collecting and processing the fish byproducts from a commercial cannery into crude oil. Extracts from pollock byproducts stored at 6 and 15 °C for up to 4 and 10 days was examined. Longer storage of byproducts resulted in higher free fatty acid (FFA) and an increase in retinol levels in the extracted crude oils. Primary and secondary oxidation assays consisting of peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances increased initially with storage time on day 1 followed by an unexpected decrease with storage time. Higher storage temperature resulted in greater FFA and retinol levels, but lower oxidation products in the crude oils. The tocopherol levels decreased with storage time of the byproducts with no differences between the storage temperatures. Eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage remained similar in the extracted oils with the respective storage time or temperature treatments.
Prognostic implication of CDC25A and cyclin E expression on primary breast cancer patients
Authors: Mehdipour Parvin , Pirouzpanah Saeed , Sarafnejad Abdolfattah , Atri Morteza , Shahrestani Tahereh S. , Haidari Mojgan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDefect in cell cycle control is a hallmark character of cancer. We have investigated the association of Ki67 labeling index, cyclin E and CDC25A expressions with clinical follow‐up data in breast carcinomas. Flow cytometry was used to detect gene amplification of cyclins in 44 tumor tissue with invasive breast carcinomas. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio test was used to show the correlations. Cyclin E or CDC25A were upregulated in 34% of the tumors. Among the whole total material, expression of cyclin E and of CDC25A were found upregulated in 31.9% and 39.4% of cells, respectively. Both CDC25A and cyclin E protein expression levels were correlated with Ki67 expression level (p < 0.001). In addition, the expression of CDC25A was associated significantly with poor survival (P = 0.028), whereas no correlation was found with cyclin E. These findings suggest a possible prognostic value for CDC25A as a cell cycle marker and may imply in characteristic of high risk breast cancer patients.
Scratch wound closure of C2C12 mouse myoblasts is enhanced by human platelet lysate
Authors: Ranzato Elia , Balbo Valeria , Boccafoschi Francesca , Mazzucco Laura , Burlando Bruno 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe effect of a platelet lysate (PL) on muscle wound healing, based on in vitro scratch wound of C2C12 mouse myoblasts, has been investigated. Cell viability assays show that PL induced an increase in cell proliferation at concentrations of 1–20%, but was slightly cytotoxic at 100%. PL promoted wound closure after scratch wounding of cell monolayers. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin, decreased the PL effect, whereas the ERK inhibitor, PD98059, did not. Transwell migration of cells was also increased by PL, and although SB203580 abrogated this effect, wortmannin reduced it, whereas PD98059 was ineffective. Western blot analyses of scratch wounded cells showed activation of AKT and p38, while in the presence of PL there was a faster and sustained activation of AKT and p38 (up to 6 h), and a transient activation of ERK1/2. Taken together, the data show that PL promotes C2C12 wound healing by enhancing cell proliferation and motility.
Development of the self-administered Spanish version of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Older Adults: HoNOS65+A
Authors: Ausín B. , Muñoz M. , Pérez-Santos E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to develop a self-administered version of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Older Adults (HoNOS65+) in Spanish – the HoNOS65+A – and to study its reliability and validity.MethodsThere are two phases in the study: construction of the HoNOS65+A and the study of its psychometric properties. In the second phase, 179 users of 10 services for older people of Madrid were interviewed. They completed the HoNOS65+A, the Spanish version of the HoNOS65+, and other instruments that evaluate similar constructs. Reliability (internal consistency with the other-administered HoNOS65+, intraclass) and validity (concurrent, discriminant, and criterion validity) were analyzed.ResultsHigh reliability indexes (intraclass correlation coefficients) were found for all the scales (HoNOS65+ and HoNOS65+A), except for items 4 and 6. Moreover, the HoNOS65+A has satisfactory concurrent (except 4, 6, and 9) and discriminant validity (except for items 4 and 10). Considering all these data and some theoretical points the items 4 and 6 have eliminated from the scale. Upon eliminating items 4 and 6, the analysis of the reliability (Cronbach's Alpha) and criterion validity (discriminant function among autonomous and assisted people) presents positive values.ConclusionThe results indicate that the HoNOS65+A is a useful measure that does not assess a homogeneous area but instead different aspects of health and psychosocial functioning.
Norwegian version of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview: Feasibility, acceptability and test-retest reliability in an acute psychiatric ward
Authors: Mordal J. , Gundersen Ø. , Bramness J.G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility, patient and clinician acceptability and test-retest reliability of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) used by non-psychiatrists in an acute psychiatric ward.MethodOf 268 consecutive patients included in a cross-sectional study, 176 (66%) completed MINI, and were compared to patients not interviewed. Patients and clinicians were questioned about the interview, using Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). For 38 patients, test-retest reliability was assessed with Cohen's kappa and observed agreement.ResultsMINI was not feasible for all patients. Among factors associated with not being interviewed were early discharge, psychosis, substance use and involuntary admissions. Although evaluations by patients and clinicians completing the postinterview questionnaire varied, MINI was generally perceived as being useful and feasible. Psychotic symptoms were associated with a less positive experience with MINI for both patients and clinicians. In the test-retest analyses, kappa values indicated excellent agreement for six diagnoses, fair to good for six and poor for seven, whereas observed agreement was 75% or above for all disorders.ConclusionAmong patients admitted to an acute psychiatric ward willing and able to complete the interview, MINI was well accepted by patients and clinicians, and has moderately good test-retest reliability.
Evaluation of psychiatric liaison-services for adolescents in residential group homes
Authors: Besier T. , Fegert J.M. , Goldbeck L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectiveAdolescents in residential care are a high-risk population for psychiatric disorders. Due to limited access to outpatient treatment, crises often result in psychiatric hospitalizations. These crises are often accompanied by termination of supportive relationships, which increases the risk for further problems. To minimize hospitalizations and to stabilize the psychological state of these adolescents, we developed and evaluated a home-treatment intervention program based on psychiatric liaison-services and compared it to standard medical care (SMC).MethodsThe intervention was applied in 11 German residential group homes (N = 288, M = 14.1 years, SD = 2.7), while adolescents from 15 institutions (N = 336, M = 13.6 years, SD = 3.0) served as a comparison group (CG) (SMC). The frequency and duration of psychiatric inpatient treatment episodes were documented and caregiver-reported behavioural symptoms were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months postintervention.ResultsIn both groups, less than 10% of the adolescents were admitted to psychiatric wards. Compared to SMC, hospitalizations were of shorter duration in the intervention group (IG) (1.30 vs 2.47 days per head within 12 months, p < .001). In both groups, behavioural problems decreased overtime.ConclusionsApplying a home-treatment intervention program to children in residential care helps to stabilize the developmental course of this high-risk population by shortening psychiatric inpatient treatment.
Social and occupational functioning impairment in patients in partial versus complete remission of a major depressive disorder episode. A six-month prospective epidemiological study
Authors: Romera I. , Perez V. , Menchón J.M. , Delgado-Cohen H. , Polavieja P. , Gilaberte I. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate social and occupational functioning in patients in partial remission (PR) compared with patients in complete remission (CR) of a major depressive disorder (MDD) episode.Subjects and methodsThis is a six-month prospective study. PR was defined as a score more than 7 and less or equal to 15 in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and CR as less or equal to 7. All patients had been on acute antidepressant treatment during the previous three months and no longer met criteria for MDD. Functioning was assessed by the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS).ResultsMean (S.D.) patient age was 50.5 (14.5) years (N = 292) and 77% were female. At baseline, partial remitters showed greater impairment in social and occupational functioning than complete remitters (62.8 [12.6] versus 80.4 [10.5], respectively; P < .0001). After six months, only 47% PR versus 77% CR reached normal functioning, and SOFAS ratings for PR were below normal range (76.2 [12.3] PR versus 84.6 [9.4] CR; P < .0001). PR reported three times more days absent from work due to sickness than CR (63 days versus 20 days; P < .001).ConclusionWe conclude that PR of an MDD episode is associated with significant functional impairment that persists even after nine months of antidepressant treatment. Our results underline the importance of treating the patient until achieving full remission.
Deficit schizophrenia: An overview of clinical, biological and treatment aspects
Authors: Galderisi S. , Maj M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe concept of deficit schizophrenia is regarded as one of the most promising attempts to reduce heterogeneity within schizophrenia. This paper summarizes the clinical, neurocognitive, brain imaging and electrophysiological correlates of this subtype of schizophrenia. Attempts to identify genetic and non-genetic risk factors are reviewed. Methodological limitations of studies supporting the efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of the syndrome are highlighted. Two decades of research on deficit schizophrenia have failed to prove that it represents the extreme end of a severity continuum in schizophrenia, while some findings support the claim that it may be a separate disease entity.
The self and the brand
Authors: Kirmani Amna 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhereas [Oyserman, D. 2009. Identity‐based motivation: Implications for action‐readiness, procedural‐readiness, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology. (this issue)] highlights the importance of identity motivation, this commentary suggests that the interesting questions for consumer researchers are not about identity per se, but about the relationship between the self and brand‐related consumption. Two broad areas of investigation that can form an agenda for further research are proposed. The first area concerns the relationship among brands, identity and goals. The second area concerns the potential negative effects of identity on brand choice and on perceptions of identity‐related behavior. Consumer researchers are best positioned to pursue issues dealing with the intersection of identity and brands, which can lead to both theoretical and substantive insights.
Macro‐finance VARs and bond risk premia: A caveat
Authors: Taboga Marco 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAt the turn of the century, US and euro area long‐term bond yields experienced a remarkable decline and remained at historically low levels despite rising short‐term rates (the so called “conundrum”). Estimating macro‐finance VARs and no‐arbitrage term structure models, many researchers find that the decline in long‐term rates was primarily driven by an unprecedented reduction in risk premia. I show that this result might be an artefact of the class of models employed to study the phenomenon.