bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aesthetic education in television animation
Authors: Hidalgo-Rodríguez María del Carmen , Pertíñez-López Jesús 
Published: March 2010

The analysis of the educational function of television should not be strictly limited to the contents of the programmes, but it should also examine the way in which these contents are presented. Cartoons, as an audiovisual medium especially designed for young children, are a vehicle that conveys culture and aesthetic values. The research carried out in our Drawing Department shows there is little variety in the artistic techniques used in animation, and that speed of production is more important than the development of techniques. This article examines the results of the research and proposes alternatives which are being developed in some high-quality animation studios.
La función educativa de la televisión no debe limitarse exclusivamente a los contenidos que ésta trasmite, sino que también hay que prestar atención a la forma en que se presentan. Los dibujos animados, como medio audiovisual especialmente dedicado a la infancia, sirven de vehículo para la transmisión de cultura y valoración estética. En esta investigación comprobamos cómo la variedad de técnicas artísticas con las que se realizan las animaciones es mínima, primando más la rapidez en su producción que el desarrollo de técnicas. Expondremos los resultados de la investigación realizada y propondremos alternativas que vienen desarrollando algunos estudios de animación de calidad.
Cartoon movies at home: animation films and TV
Authors: Loscertales-Abril Felicidad , Núñez-Domínguez Trinidad 
Published: March 2010

Movies are one of the objects of study for Social Psychology because they are not only art or industry; they are a way of socialization. Therefore, movies show behaviour models, social values and norms, and make people react: movies are persuasive. A psycho-social analysis of films is necessary because movies can sometimes display prejudiced negative contents, which could be both explicit or very subtle, and therefore quite dangerous. The authors analyse ten well-known Dis-ney films from the gender perspective: How are men and women shown? What roles do they impersonate? Specifying contents and valuing subtle prejudiced stereotypes will help families to watch them from a different point of view.
El cine es objeto de estudio para la Psicología Social porque no sólo es arte o industria; es socialización. Porque muestra modelos de comportamiento, valores sociales y normas, produce reacciones: es persuasivo. Este aspecto es el que mejor justifica el análisis psicosocial. También en muchas ocasiones, el cine presenta unos contenidos con prejuicios negativos poco explícitos, muy sutiles y, por tanto, bastantes peligrosos. Analizamos diez conocidas películas Disney desde la perspectiva de género: ¿Cómo se presentan hombres y mujeres? ¿Qué roles representan? Explicitar contenidos y valorar estereotipos con prejuicios sutiles ayuda a las familias a ver con otra mirada.
Functional Characterization of the Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor Serpin Domain: Insights into Heparin Binding
Authors: Rossi Véronique , Bally Isabelle , Ancelet Sarah , Xu Yuanyuan , Frémeaux-Bacchi Véronique , Vivès Romain R. , Sadir Rabia , Thielens Nicole , Arlaud Gérard J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Variants of the human C1 inhibitor serpin domain containing three N-linked carbohydrates at positions 216, 231, and 330 (C1inhΔ97), a single carbohydrate at position 330 (C1inhΔ97DM), or no carbohydrate were produced in a baculovirus/insect cells system. An N-terminally His-tagged C1inhΔ97 variant was also produced. Removal of the oligosaccharide at position 330 dramatically decreased expression, precluding further analysis. All other variants were characterized chemically and shown to inhibit C1s activity and C1 activation in the same way as native C1 inhibitor. Likewise, they formed covalent complexes with C1s as shown by SDS-PAGE analysis. C1 inhibitor and its variants inhibited the ability of C1r-like protease to activate C1s, but did not form covalent complexes with this protease. The interaction of C1 inhibitor and its variants with heparin was investigated by surface plasmon resonance, yielding KD values of 16.7 × 10−8 M (C1 inhibitor), 2.3 × 10−8 M (C1inhΔ97), and 3.6 × 10−8 M (C1inhΔ97DM). C1s also bound to heparin, with lower affinity (KD = 108 × 10−8 M). Using the same technique, 50% inhibition of the binding of C1 inhibitor and C1s to heparin was achieved using heparin oligomers containing eight and six saccharide units, respectively. These values roughly correlate with the size of 10 saccharide units yielding half-maximal potentiation of the inhibition of C1s activity by C1 inhibitor, consistent with a “sandwich” mechanism. Using a thermal shift assay, heparin was shown to interact with the C1s serine protease domain and the C1 inhibitor serpin domain, increasing and decreasing their thermal stability, respectively.
A Critical Analysis of the Medical Model as used in the Study of Pregnancy and Childbirth
Authors: van Teijlingen Edwin 
Published: March 2010

One key concept in medical sociology/anthropology for the analysis of approaches to health and illness is the medical model. However, this medical model is not only applied at the analytical level, i.e. as a sociological tool, but it also appeals to health service providers at a practical level as a model of working practice. This paper challenges the uncritical use of the medical model by practitioners and social scientists alike. The purpose of this paper is to separate and analyse the three different levels of understanding expressed in any model of childbirth, whether medical or social: (1) the practical; (2) the ideological and (3) the analytical level. Social scientists are advised to reflect on the question: ‘At what level am I using the medical model as a theoretical concept in my work?’ This is necessary not only to avoid further confusion, but also to ensure that our sociological tools maintain their ability to analyse the social world appropriately, without becoming ‘blunt’ due to the uncritical use.
Understanding the Patterns and Processes of Primary Care Use: A Combined Quantitative and Qualitative Approach
Authors: Rogers Anne , Nicolaas Gerry 
Published: March 2010

This paper addresses the combined use of quantitative and qualitative methodology to understand the relationship between need, demand and use of primary careservices. The study conducted in three different areas in the North west of England was designed to, link health status to subsequent use of health care in a waywhich might be used for service planning and the allocation of resources, and to provide data to inform a long term programme examining the relationship between need and demand for primary care. The study was in two stages, a survey and diary study designed to ascertain frequency of health care utilisation and health status of households, followed by a linked qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews on a subset of people experiencing a range of common complaints seen in primary care. The mixture of methodologies gave a broader understanding of the dynamics of health utilisation in the localities studied. The survey and diary data showed the way in which key variables can be used to map the patterns of primary care utilisation in a population and the extent of self care actions and lay management of illness undertaken within households. We found that ill people are far more likely to use self care than professional health care services, and when they do use formal services, this tends to be in addition to self care practices. The qualitative data illuminated more about the processes of health care utilisation, particularly the way in which the past experience of illness and service contact coalesced with peoples’ more immediate decision making about using primary care services. The findings suggest that health care use is most appropriately viewed as an interplay between agency and structure rather than the outcome of ‘expressedneed’, individual decision making or ‘supply induced’ demand.
Informal Exchange Relations in Post-Soviet Russia: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Lonkila M. 
Published: March 2010

In this article I compare the informal exchange of favours, goods and information in St. Petersburg and Helsinki. The study is part of a larger international comparative research project coordinated by the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris. This text is based on data collected in the two cities during 1993 - 94: Forty secondary school teachers in St. Petersburg and thirty-eight in Helsinki kept a diary of their important social relations for two weeks. Each evening during this period they recorded their significant social encounters of the day in structured questionnaires; eg. whom they met and what they did or discussed together. After the two weeks, they added to the diaries persons whom they had not encountered during the study period but whom they nevertheless considered as significant for their social life. In addition, a complementary theme interview concentrating on their life course was carried out. Clear differences were found between the informal exchange practices of Russian and Finnish respondents. Compared to their Finnish colleagues, Russian teachers exchanged more favours, goods and important information. Moreover, the content of the informal exchange in St. Petersburg was both of a different nature and more diverse than in Helsinki; cases abounded of Russian respondents having to use their relatives, friends, colleagues or acquaintances in order to obtain informally products or different kinds of services (eg. medical care). Similarly, half of the Russian respondents reported blat exchanges - a particular Soviet/post-Soviet phenomenon of arranging things through informal connections, and a practice not found in the Finnish data. The informal exchanges reported in the St. Petersburg data were more often carried out with colleagues or other work-mediated relations, thereby stressing the importance of the Russian workplace as a social milieu. In the Russian data the informal exchange relations also involved more examples of informal exchange mediated by a third person, whereas in Helsinki the relations were more of a dyadic nature. The results support the view proposed by previous research according to which informal exchange and patterns of behavior inherited from the socialist era still continue to influence the transition society. The continuing lack of trust in official institutions and social services was compensated for by our Russian respondents with the use of their personal relations. The trust necessary for informal exchanges to take place was guaranteed either through the use of brokers or a common social context, particularly the workplace. The resulting forms of social life can be characterized as personalized (since abstract and therefore replacable relations were turned into personal and unique ones) and mediated (since the brokers were often used). Though changing in forms and functions, the networks of personal relations still continue to play a significant role in the life of post-Soviet citizens.
Denosumab‐mediated increase in hand bone mineral density associated with decreased progression of bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Deodhar A. , Dore R. K. , Mandel D. , Schechtman J. , Shergy W. , Trapp R. , Ory P. A. , Peterfy C. G. , Fuerst T. , Wang H. , Zhou L. , Tsuji W. , Newmark R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectivePeriarticular osteoporosis is one of the earliest radiographic signs of bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Denosumab, an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL, inhibits bone erosion and systemic bone loss in clinical studies of patients with RA. In this hand bone mineral density (BMD) substudy, we investigated the effects of denosumab on hand BMD and its correlation with hand erosion scores.MethodsPatients receiving methotrexate for erosive RA were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous placebo, denosumab 60 mg, or denosumab 180 mg at 0 and 6 months. Measurements included BMD (by dual x‐ray absorptiometry [DXA]) of both hands (0, 1, 6, and 12 months), magnetic resonance images of the hands/wrists (0 and 6 months), and radiographs of the hands/wrists and feet (0, 6, and 12 months).ResultsThere were 56 patients (13 placebo, 21 denosumab 60 mg, and 22 denosumab 180 mg). Mean changes in hand BMD at 6 and 12 months were: +0.8% and +1.0%, respectively, for denosumab 60 mg; +2.0% and +2.5%, respectively, for denosumab 180 mg; and −1.2% and −2.0%, respectively, for placebo. Erosion scores remained near baseline in the denosumab groups and increased from baseline in the placebo group. A negative correlation was observed between hand BMD and erosion scores.ConclusionIn patients with RA, denosumab provided protection against erosion, and not only prevented bone loss but increased hand BMD as measured by DXA.
Inflammatory and degenerative sacroiliac joint disease in a primary back pain cohort
Authors: O'Shea F. D. , Boyle E. , Salonen D. C. , Ammendolia C. , Peterson C. , Hsu W. , Inman R. D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe prevalence of sacroiliac (SI) joint abnormalities in a primary low back pain population remains unresolved. The aims of our study were to define the prevalence of SI joint disease in this cohort, and to identify clinical features that might accurately predict radiographic changes in the SI joint and spine.MethodsLumbar spine and anteroposterior pelvis radiographs taken over a 3‐year period for the evaluation of back pain at a major chiropractic college were scored for the presence of inflammatory or degenerative features. Data were subsequently extracted by means of a predetermined template from the clinical notes. The outcomes were correlated using Spearman's correlation coefficients.ResultsWe identified 315 patients (173 men, 142 women), ages 18–60 years. Of these, 100 patients (31.7%) demonstrated SI joint abnormalities: 75 (23.8%) degenerative, 25 (7.9%) inflammatory. Sex was strongly associated with type of SI joint pathology; degenerative disease was predominantly found in women (68%), whereas inflammatory disease was predominantly found in men (63%). In women there was no correlation between degenerative SI joint abnormalities and degenerative changes in the lumbar spine. Of the clinical descriptors evaluated, none were associated with the radiographic findings with the exception of buttock pain, which was associated with inflammatory sacroiliitis. Neither being overweight nor pregnancy history was associated with degenerative changes in the SI joint.ConclusionIn a primary back pain cohort, degenerative SI joint disease may be an under‐recognized clinical entity. It is strongly influenced by sex but is unrelated to degenerative changes in the lumbar spine. Currently proposed clinical discriminators performed poorly in correlating with radiographic changes in the SI joint.
Denosumab prevents metacarpal shaft cortical bone loss in patients with erosive rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sharp John T. , Tsuji Wayne , Ory Peter , Harper‐Barek Cristina , Wang Huei , Newmark Richard 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveOsteoclast‐mediated bone loss in the hand predicts future bone erosions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Osteoclast activity depends on RANKL, which is inhibited by denosumab, an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody against RANKL. We measured metacarpal shaft cortical bone thickness using a novel computer‐based technique, digital x‐ray radiogrammetry (DXR), to evaluate the effects of denosumab on cortical bone in RA.MethodsPatients (n = 227) with active, erosive RA were randomized to receive subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg or 180 mg or placebo every 6 months. All patients received stable doses of methotrexate and daily calcium and vitamin D. For this blinded post hoc analysis (n = 218), cortical bone loss was determined by DXR using computer‐assisted measurement of cortical thickness and shaft width at 21 midshaft levels of the second through fourth metacarpal bones of both hands.ResultsAt 12 months, patients receiving denosumab had significantly less metacarpal bone loss versus placebo (denosumab 60 mg: −0.0034, denosumab 180 mg: 0.0001 gain, placebo: −0.0108; P ≤ 0.01 for both denosumab doses). Twelve‐month decreases from baseline greater than the smallest detectable change occurred in 2 patients in the denosumab 180 mg group, 9 patients in the denosumab 60 mg group, and 12 patients in the placebo group. Negative correlation was significant between static cortical thickness ratios and static erosion scores (6 and 12 months), and for placebo, between changes in erosion scores and changes in cortical thickness ratio.ConclusionTwice‐yearly injections of denosumab with ongoing methotrexate treatment significantly reduced cortical bone loss in RA patients for up to 12 months. These results add to the growing evidence supporting the clinical utility of DXR.
From Ag Nanoprisms to Triangular AuAg Nanoboxes
Authors: Aherne Damian , Gara Matthew , Kelly John M. , Gun'ko Yurii K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn recent years, galvanic replacement reactions have been successfully employed to produce hollow bimetallic nanostructures of a range of shapes, yet to date there has been no example of the formation of hollow triangular AuAg nanostructures from a Ag nanoprism template. In this manuscript the first example of the synthesis of enclosed triangular AuAg nanostructures (triangular nanoboxes) via galvanic replacement reactions from Ag nanoprisms is reported. These triangular nanoboxes are studied by TEM and HAADF‐STEM imaging to elucidate their structure. These studies show that the nanostructures are hollow and do not consist of a Ag core surrounded by a Au shell. Discrete dipole approximation calculations for the extinction spectra are carried out and provide additional evidence that the nanostructures are hollow. These new triangular nanoboxes are very attractive candidates for encapsulation and transport of materials of interest such as drugs, radioisotopes, or magnetic materials.
Nanocomposite Microcontainers with High Ultrasound Sensitivity
Authors: Kolesnikova Tatiana A. , Gorin Dmitry A. , Fernandes Paulo , Kessel Stefanie , Khomutov Gennady B. , Fery Andreas , Shchukin Dmitry G. , Möhwald Helmuth 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA water suspension of nanocomposite microcapsules with embedded ZnO nanoparticles in the capsule shell is reported. The microcapsule morphology is characterized by confocal microscopy, TEM, SEM, and AFM before and after ultrasound treatment. A remarkably high capsule sensitivity to ultrasound is evidenced, and it is observed to grow with increasing number of ZnO nanoparticle layers in the nanocomposite shell. This effect is correlated with the mechanical properties of microcapsules measured with AFM.
Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy Study of Thin Gate Dielectrics
Authors: Reiner James W. , Cui Sharon , Liu Zuoguang , Wang Miaomiao , Ahn Charles H. , Ma T. P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA broad range of materials is currently being studied for possible use as the insulating layer in next generation metal‐oxide‐semiconductor transistors. Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) has become a powerful tool to characterize both the structural and electrical properties of the resulting device structures made from these materials. IETS can address issues related to reactions and intermixing at interfaces, as well as properties related to carrier mobility, such as phonon modes and charge traps, for structures that are difficult to characterize accurately by other techniques.
Ynamides: Versatile Tools in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Evano Gwilherm , Coste Alexis , Jouvin Kévin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractYnamides display an exceptionally fine balance between stability and reactivity. They also offer unique and multiple opportunities for the inclusion of nitrogen‐based functionalities into organic molecules, and are emerging as especially useful and versatile building blocks for organic synthesis. Recent breakthroughs in the preparation of these substrates have revitalized interest in nitrogen‐substituted alkynes, and the beginning of the 21st century has witnessed an ever‐increasing number of publications reporting the development of new reactions or synthetic sequences starting from ynamides. This Review highlights major developments in this area.
Mathematical model of gentamicin sulfate release from a bioactive textile material as a transdermal system underin vitroconditions
Authors: Simovic Ljiljana , Skundric Petar , Pajic‐Lijakovic Ivana , Ristic Katarina , Medovic Adela , Tasić Goran 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA mathematical model was developed to estimate the release of gentamicin sulfate from a bioactive textile material as a transdermal system for wound dressing. The gentamicin sulfate released from the antibiotic/chitosan hydrogel complexes was measuredin vitroby the Franz diffusion cell technique. The diffusive transport of gentamicin sulfate through three connected compartments, that is, chitosan hydrogel, membrane, and solution, was considered by the formulation of a model based on Fick's second law. Initially, the total amount of gentamicin sulfate was placed within an already swollen chitosan hydrogel. The value of the diffusivity coefficient of the drug through the chitosan hydrogel was calculated for every initial amount of the active substance. For the initial concentration of gentamicin sulfate, which was lower than 2.81 × 104μg/mL, the diffusion coefficient was approximately constant. A higher amount of gentamicin sulfate in the hydrogel reduced its own transport as a consequence of an increase in the intensity of the interaction field between the molecules of gentamicin sulfate. The model provides the possibility of optimizing the process of drug release by ensuring a compromise between a higher value of the diffusivity coefficient and a desirable amount of gentamicin sulfate and a constant concentration within the solution over 48 h. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) for proton exchange membranes
Authors: Zhou Weihua , Xiao Jichun , Chen Yiwang , Zeng Rong , Xiao Shuqin , He Xiaohui , Li Fan , Song Caisheng 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA series of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone ether ketone ketone) (SPESEKK) with different degree of sulfonation (DS) are prepared by the postsulfonation of PESEKK using chlorosulfonic acid as sulfonating agent and concentrated sulfuric acid as solvent. The chemical structures of the polymers are analyzed by the proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The thermal properties of the SPESEKK show that they are greatly influenced by the DS value and sulfonation time. The water uptake, proton conductivity, and Ion exchange capacity values increase as the sulfonation time increasing. The methanol permeability of the SPESEKK in the range of 7.02 × 10−8 to 4.477 × 10−7 cm2 s−1, is one or two orders of magnitude lower than that of Nafion 115. The morphology of the SPESEKK membranes is investigated by scanning electron microscope. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010