bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and adolescents: An exploratory randomized controlled trial investigating the influence of affective and instrumental text messages
Authors: Sirriyeh Reema , Lawton Rebecca , Ward Jane 
Published: February 2010

Objective. The present study attempts to develop and pilot the feasibility and efficacy of a novel intervention using affective messages as a strategy to increase physical activity (PA) levels in adolescents.Design. An exploratory pilot randomized control trial was used to compare behaviour change over 2 weeks. A modified form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess PA behaviour. A total of 120 adolescents (16–19 years) from 4 sixth forms in West Yorkshire completed the field‐based study.Method. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions, or the control condition (N=28). Participants in experimental conditions received 1 short messaging service (SMS) text message per day over the 2 weeks, which included manipulations of either affective beliefs (enjoyable/unenjoyable; N=31), instrumental beliefs (beneficial/harmful; N=30), or a combination of these (N=31). Control participants received one SMS text message per week. Outcomes were measured at baseline and at the end of the 2 week intervention.Results. PA levels increased by the equivalent of 31.5 minutes of moderate (four metabolic equivalent) activity per week during the study. Main effects of condition (p=.049), and current physical activity level (p=.002) were identified, along with a significant interaction between condition and current activity level (p=.006). However, when the sample was split at baseline into active and inactive participants, a main effect of condition remained for inactive participants only (p=.001). Post hoc analysis revealed that inactive participants who received messages targeting affective beliefs increased their activity levels significantly more than the instrumental (p=.012), combined (p=.002), and control groups (p=.018).Conclusion. Strategies based on affective associations may be more effective for increasing PA levels in inactive individuals.
Low Rate of Cerebral Injury in Monochorionic Twins With Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Authors: Chang Yao-Lung , Chang Shuenn-Dyh , Chao An-Shine , Lien Reyin , Cheng Po-Jen , Chueh Ho-Yen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the incidence of cerebral injury as detected by postnatal brain scan in monochorionic twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction. Having excluded cases complicated with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and one co-twin suffering intrauterine fetal death, a total of 73 monochorionic twin pregnancies divided into absence (group I,n= 46) or presence (group II,n= 27) of selective intrauterine growth restriction. Mild cerebral injury was defined as presenting one of the following abnormal cranial scan findings: intraventricular hemorrhage grade I, grade II, lenticulostiate vasculopathy and/or subependymal pseudocysts, while severe cerebral injury was defined as presenting intraventricular hemorrhage grade III, grade IV, cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) grade II or higher, porencephalic cysts, and/or ventricular dilatation. The incidence of mild cerebral injury was not significantly different between these two groups (eight cases in group I and six cases in group II). Except for one case that later developed a seizure, the majority (13 out of 14) of cases with minor brain scan anomalies were only transient, without significant clinical impact. There was only one case diagnosed with a major brain scan anomaly (periventricular leukomalacia) in group II. One severe brain injury and three neonatal deaths all belonged to group II with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler in the growth restricted twin. In conclusion, the incidence of severe cerebral injury in monochorionic twin pregnancies with selective intrauterine growth restriction was low, at 3.7%.
Case-Control Study of Neurodevelopment in Deformational Plagiocephaly
Authors: Speltz Matthew L. , Collett Brent R. , Stott-Miller Marni , Starr Jacqueline R. , Heike Carrie , Wolfram-Aduan Antigone M. , King Darcy , Cunningham Michael L. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:
We assessed the neurodevelopment of infants with and without deformational plagiocephaly (DP), at an average age of 6 months.

METHODS:
The Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID-III) were administered to 235 case subjects and 237 demographically similar, control participants. Three-dimensional head photographs were randomized and rated for severity of deformation by 2 craniofacial dysmorphologists who were blinded to case status.

RESULTS:
We excluded 2 case subjects with no photographic evidence of DP and 70 control subjects who were judged to have some degree of DP. With control for age, gender, and socioeconomic status, case subjects performed worse than control subjects on all BSID-III scales and subscales. Case subjects' average scores on the motor composite scale were ∼10 points lower than control subjects' average scores (P &lt; .001). Differences for the cognitive and language composite scales were ∼5 points, on average (P &lt; .001 for both scales). In subscale analyses, case subjects' gross-motor deficits were greater than their fine-motor deficits. Among case subjects, there was no association between BSID-III performance and the presence of torticollis or infant age at diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
DP seems to be associated with early neurodevelopmental disadvantage, which is most evident in motor functions. After follow-up evaluations of this cohort at 18 and 36 months, we will assess the stability of this finding. These data do not necessarily imply that DP causes neurodevelopmental delay; they indicate only that DP is a marker of elevated risk for delays. Pediatricians should monitor closely the development of infants with this condition.
Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy Among Nonexperts Through Use of Video Cases
Authors: Balslev Thomas , de Grave Willem. S. , Muijtjens Arno M. M. , Scherpbier Albert J. J. A. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The goal was to determine whether the diagnostic accuracy of nonexperts in selected learning environments would improve with the use of patient video cases (PVCs).

METHODS:
We designed a stepwise, team-based, learning approach with a (1) text-based patient presentation, (2) first review of a PVC, (3) small-group discussion, (4) second review of a PVC, and (5) large-group discussion and listening to think-aloud modeling by a content expert. Four pediatric neurology PVCs were analyzed by 44 physicians. After each step, the diagnostic accuracy was assessed with a questionnaire with open-ended questions measuring the frequency of relevant diagnoses and clinical diagnostic reasoning processes.

RESULTS:
The first review of the PVC was followed by a large number of relevant clinical diagnostic reasoning processes. Small-group discussions and listening to a think-aloud procedure with an expert were particularly effective in increasing the diagnostic accuracy of the nonexperts.

CONCLUSIONS:
The diagnostic accuracy of nonexperts was clearly enhanced by interaction in small-group discussions and subsequent listening to a think-aloud procedure with a content expert. Learning through PVCs in clinical settings thus is improved through the interactive participation of junior and senior clinicians. Such an environment (a “virtual examination room”) may be introduced at grand rounds, case conferences, or morning rounds, to stimulate the development of diagnostic accuracy in nonexperts.
Performance of a Rapid Influenza Test in Children During the H1N1 2009 Influenza A Outbreak
Authors: Cruz Andrea T. , Demmler-Harrison Gail J. , Caviness A. Chantal , Buffone Gregory J. , Revell Paula A. 
Published: February 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the performance of a rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) in detecting H1N1 2009 influenza A virus in respiratory samples from pediatric patients in comparison to that of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and viral culture.

Methodology.
This was a cross-sectional diagnostic-accuracy study conducted at a tertiary care children's hospital. Patients for whom the RIDT (BinaxNOW [Binax, Inc, Portland, ME]), viral culture, and rRT-PCR results were known were included. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated.

RESULTS:
A total of 3030 specimens had RIDT results paired with both rRT-PCR and viral culture results. With rRT-PCR as the reference, overall test sensitivity was 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.3%–46.3%) and specificity was 98.6% (95% CI: 98.1%–99%). Positive and negative LRs were 32.9 (95% CI: 22.9–45.4) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.54–0.58), respectively. RIDT sensitivity was significantly higher in young infants and children younger than 2 years than in older children. Using viral culture as the reference standard, RIDT sensitivity was 55.5% (95% CI: 51.9%–95.6%) and specificity was 95.6% (95% CI: 95%–96.1%). The positive and negative LRs were 12.6 and 0.47, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The RIDT had relatively poor sensitivity but excellent specificity in this consecutive series of respiratory specimens obtained from pediatric patients. Although a positive RIDT result was highly accurate in predicting infection with influenza type A H1N1 2009 in children, a negative RIDT result did not preclude a child having H1N1. Therefore, for children at high risk with influenza-like illnesses during high-prevalence periods of influenza, empiric initiation of antiviral therapy should be considered for patients with a negative RIDT result.
Pectoralis major izomlebeny a recurráló subareolaris abscessus kezelésében: egy új műtéti módszerr
Authors: Bognár Gábor , Barabás Lóránd , Tamás Róbert , Lóderer Zoltán , Kovács István , Ondrejka Pál 
Published: February 2010

Absztrakt
A recurráló subareolaris abscessus ritka benignus betegség, melynek hátterében gyakran eltérő etiológiájú periductalis mastitis áll. A kórkép kezelésében fontos az adekvát sebészi ellátás a gyakran alkalmazott többszöri antibiotikus és felszínes feltárások helyett. Helyes diagnózis mellett a radikális ductectomia vezet a gyógyuláshoz. Azon esetekben, ahol ez is kevésnek bizonyul, a pectoralis izomból képzett lebeny nyújthat megoldást. Egy 34 éves nőbeteg esetét ismertetjük, akinél a többszöri radikális kimetszések és ductectomiák ellenére is recurrált a betegség. Végül az izomlebennyel végzett műtéti megoldás hozta meg a gyógyulást.
Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial of Five Different Arms of Treatment in 332 Patients with Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Mantovani Giovanni , Macciò Antonio , Madeddu Clelia , Serpe Roberto , Massa Elena , Dessì Mariele , Panzone Filomena , Contu Paolo 
Published: February 2010

AbstractPurpose.A phase III, randomized study was carried out to establish the most effective and safest treatment to improve the primary endpoints of cancer cachexia—lean body mass (LBM), resting energy expenditure (REE), and fatigue—and relevant secondary endpoints: appetite, quality of life, grip strength, Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and proinflammatory cytokines.Patients and Methods.Three hundred thirty-two assessable patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome were randomly assigned to one of five treatment arms: arm 1, medroxyprogesterone (500 mg/day) or megestrol acetate (320 mg/day); arm 2, oral supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid; arm 3, L-carnitine (4 g/day); arm 4, thalidomide (200 mg/day); and arm 5, a combination of the above. Treatment duration was 4 months.Results.Analysis of variance showed a significant difference between treatment arms. A post hoc analysis showed the superiority of arm 5 over the others for all primary endpoints. An analysis of changes from baseline showed that LBM (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and by L3 computed tomography) significantly increased in arm 5. REE decreased significantly and fatigue improved significantly in arm 5. Appetite increased significantly in arm 5; interleukin (IL)-6 decreased significantly in arm 5 and arm 4; GPS and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) score decreased significantly in arm 5, arm 4, and arm 3. Toxicity was quite negligible, and was comparable between arms.Conclusion.The most effective treatment in terms of all three primary efficacy endpoints and the secondary endpoints appetite, IL-6, GPS, and ECOG PS score was the combination regimen that included all selected agents.
Lapatinib plus Letrozole as First-Line Therapy for HER-2+ Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Schwartzberg Lee S. , Franco Sandra X. , Florance Allison , O'Rourke Lisa , Maltzman Julie , Johnston Stephen 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjective.To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of letrozole plus lapatinib versus letrozole plus placebo in women with hormone receptor (HR)+ human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2+ tumors receiving first-line therapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC).Patients and Methods.Postmenopausal women (n = 1,286) with HR+ MBC were randomized to daily oral treatment with letrozole (2.5 mg) plus lapatinib (1,500 mg) versus letrozole (2.5 mg) plus placebo. Of the 1,286 patients enrolled in the phase III study, 219 had HER-2+ tumors. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) in HER-2+ patients.Results.Results in the HR+ HER-2+ population (n = 219) are presented. The addition of lapatinib to letrozole resulted in a significantly lower risk for disease progression than with letrozole alone (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.96). The PFS time was 8.2 months, versus 3.0 months. The objective response rate (ORR) (28% versus 15%) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) (48% versus 29%) were also significantly greater in lapatinib-treated women. The most common adverse events in the lapatinib group were diarrhea (68%) and rash (46%), primarily grade 1 and 2.Conclusions.The addition of lapatinib to letrozole is well tolerated and leads to a significantly greater PFS time, ORR, and CBR than with letrozole alone in women with MBC who coexpress HR and HER-2.
Adolescents' Attitudes to Law and Law-Related Issues; The Case of Hong Kong Students
Authors: Kennedy Kerry J , Kui-Foon Joseph Chow 
Published: February 2010

Psychologists have often been interested in the way individuals respond to and interact with the law. Socio-legal scholars have had a similar interest. This led to a stream of research that sought to identify the ‘legal consciousnesses' of individuals as they experience legal ideas and situations. The study reported here sought to identify the ‘legal consciousnesses' of a sample of Hong Kong adolescents in a unique socio-political context. The findings suggested that these young people possessed a ‘bounded’ legal consciousness indicated by their consistent support for obeying the law even when human rights were at stake. Nevertheless, they could envisage the possibility of questioning the law. Developmental and gender differences were identified in these attitudes. [1]
Impact of Ground‐State Charge Transfer and Polarization Energy Change on Energy Band Offsets at Donor/Acceptor Interface in Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Akaike Kouki , Kanai Kaname , Ouchi Yukio , Seki Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe fullerene (C60)/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) interface is one of the widely used donor/acceptor (DA) interfaces for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), and information on the electronic structure at the interface is essential for fully understanding the energetics of excitons and carriers in OPVs. Here, an investigation into the energy levels at the C60/CuPc interface is made using UV photoelectron, X‐ray photoelectron, and inverse photoemission spectroscopies. The vacuum level and core levels rise with C60 deposition on the CuPc film, which indicates that the interfacial dipole is formed with the negative charge on the C60 side. The interfacial dipole can be formed by the electron transfer from CuPc to C60 in the ground state at the interface, which is indicated by the analysis of the UV–vis–NIR absorption spectrum of the CuPc/C60 blended film. On the other hand, the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of CuPc and C60 shift in opposite directions at the interface. This is attributed to the changes of the polarization energies of CuPc and C60 at the interface. The formation of the interfacial dipole and the change of the polarization energy result in the anomalous energy band offsets at the C60/CuPc interface, which are entirely different from those in inorganic p–n junctions.
Diverse Asymmetric Quinolizidine Synthesis: A Stereodivergent One‐Pot Approach
Authors: Zhang Wei , Franzén Johan 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA diverse stereodivergent organocatalytic one‐pot addition/cyclization/annulation sequence to optically active quinolizidine derivatives from easily available starting materials is presented. The one‐pot sequence relies on a pyrrolidine‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of electron‐deficient amide α‐carbons to α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, spontaneous hemiaminal formation and acid‐catalyzed/mediated N‐acyliminium ion cyclization to give the quinolizidine framework. Simple tuning of the reaction conditions in the N‐acyliminuim ion cyclization step provides a diastereomeric switch, which gives access to both of the two bridgehead epimers through kinetic, thermodynamic or chelation control. The methodology display a broad substrate scope that is demonstrated by the stereoselective formation of indolo‐, thieno‐, benzofuro‐, furo‐ and different benzoquinolizidine derivatives with high atom efficiency, up to >99% ee and up to >95:5 dr. Due to its efficiency, synthetic diversity and operational simplicity, this protocol has the potential to find important use as a key step in natural product synthesis, biochemistry and pharmaceutical science. The stereochemical outcome of the one‐pot sequence was investigated, and the mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity of the different steps is discussed.
A mesoporous silica supported Hg2+ chemodosimeter
Authors: Leng Bing , Jiang Jianbing , Tian He 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA chemical reaction type chemodosimeter immobilized on mesoporous silica materials (CFMS) was reported and showed fluorescent ratiometric, colorimetric, and even naked‐eye recognizable manner with a detection limit of ∼2 μM for mercury (II). The characterization of CFMS indicated that the ordered mesoporous structure was well preserved after the immobilization. It was found that only the addition of Hg2+ resulted in significant color change and large fluorescence spectral shift whereas other cations didn't induce any color or emission change. In addition, CFMS was also coated as films onto glass substrates. When aqueous Hg2+ rapidly passed through the glass substrate, the green emission of supported CFMS became blue under a 365 nm lamp. These considerable signal changes, easy‐to‐prepare materials, and simple‐to‐operate technique suggested the potential application of CFMS for fluorescent ratiometric detection of Hg2+ ion in the practical environmental field. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Synthesis of a macroporous silica‐based derivative of pyridine material and its application in separation of palladium
Authors: Zhang Anyun , Wang Xiaoyu , Chai Zhifang 
Published: February 2010

AbstractA novel macroporous silica‐based 2,6‐bis(5,6‐dibutyl‐1,2,4‐triazine‐3‐yl)pyridine (BDBTP) material, BDBTP/SiO2‐P, was prepared through impregnation and immobilization of BDBTP and octanol into the pores of the SiO2‐P particles. The adsorption of 10 typical fission and nonfission elements contained in highly active liquid waste (HLW) onto BDBTP/SiO2‐P was investigated by examining the effect of contact time and the HNO3 concentration in the range of 0.1–5.0 M. Pd(II), a weak Lewis acid and an electron‐pair acceptor, was strongly complexed with nitrogen, a weak Lewis base and an electron‐pair donor. BDBTP/SiO2‐P showed excellent adsorption ability and high selectivity for Pd(II) over all the tested metals. The separation of Pd(II) from a simulated HLW was performed by BDBTP/SiO2‐P packed column. Pd(II) was effectively eluted with 0.2 M thiourea and separated from the others. It demonstrated that in HNO3, application of the macroporous silica‐based BDBTP/SiO2‐P material in partitioning and recovery of Pd(II) from HLW is promising. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Rare‐Earth Oxide Nanostructures: Rules of Rare‐Earth Nitrate Thermolysis in Octadecylamine
Authors: Wang Dingsheng , Wang Zhongying , Zhao Peng , Zheng Wen , Peng Qing , Liu Liqin , Chen Xueyuan , Li Yadong 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe decomposed regularity of rare‐earth nitrates in octadecylamine (ODA) is discussed. The experimental results show that these nitrates can be divided into four types. For rare‐earth nitrates with larger RE3+ ions (RE=rare earth, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd), the decomposed products exhibited platelike nanostructures. For those with smaller RE3+ ions (RE=Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb), the decomposed products exhibited beltlike nanostructures. For terbium nitrate with a middle RE3+ ion, the decomposed product exhibited a rodlike nanostructure. The corresponding rare‐earth oxides, with the same morphologies as their precursors, could be obtained when these decomposed products were calcined. For cerium nitrate, which showed the greatest differences, flowerlike cerium oxide could be obtained directly from decomposition of the nitrate without further calcination. This regularity is explained on the basis of the lanthanide contraction. Owing to their differences in electron configuration, ionic radius, and crystal structure, such a nitrate family therefore shows different thermolysis properties. In addition, the potential application of these as‐obtained rare‐earth oxides as catalysts and luminescent materials was investigated. The advantages of this method for rare‐earth oxides includes simplicity, high yield, low cost, and ease of scale‐up, which are of great importance for their industrial applications.
Integrated single‐cell analysis shows Pichia pastoris secretes protein stochastically
Authors: Love Kerry Routenberg , Panagiotou Vasiliki , Jiang Bo , Stadheim Terrance A. , Love J. Christopher 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe production of heterologous proteins by secretion from cellular hosts is an important determinant for the cost of biotherapeutics. A single‐cell analytical method called microengraving was used to examine the heterogeneity in secretion by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. We show that constitutive secretion of a human Fc fragment by P. pastoris is not cell‐cycle dependent, but rather fluctuates between states of high and low productivity in a stochastic manner. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 319–325. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.