bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a new J-PARC-made internal antenna for the J-PARC RF-driven H− ion source
Authors: Shinto K , Shibata T , Ohkoshi K , Nanmo K , Kawai I , Ikegami K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We have been conducting the test of a new J-PARC-made internal antenna for the J-PARC RF-driven cesiated H− ion source. During the test of high-density plasma production by the antenna, we monitored the outgassing characteristics of the antenna by measuring the mass spectrum of the source gas and optical emission spectrum of the plasma. It is confirmed that no remarkable impurities were detected from the new antenna. The observed emittances of the H− beam extracted by using the new antenna were similar to those by using the SNS-made antenna. To accelerate the endurance test of the new antenna, we applied the antenna for the high-density plasma production to the 5% duty factor (1 ms pulse width with 50 Hz repetition rate) with the 2 MHz RF input power of approximately 60 kW at the ion source test stand. These values are much higher than those in the J-PARC nominal operation; 0.8 ms pulse width with 25 Hz repetition rate (the duty factor of 2%) with the RF input power of approximately 30 kW. The paper describes the results of the characteristics of the new J-PARC-made antenna.
HVE ion sources for medium and high-energy accelerator systems
Authors: Annaluru A. , Mous D.J.W. , Walet R.C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Since decades, High Voltage Engineering (HVE) manufactures particle accelerator systems for research and industry. HVE’s product line includes Singletron and Tandetron accelerator systems with terminal voltages of up to 6 MV. They are dedicated to a wide range of applications including ion implantation and irradiation, Ion Beam Analysis (IBA), Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS), and neutron reference fields. In this paper, we give an overview of the different positive and negative ion sources that are applied in these systems. We focus especially on the recent development and the performance of a compact 2.45 GHz permanent magnet ECR bipolar ion source (HVE Model SO-160), used for negative light-ion injection into tandem accelerators. It generates high-current, low-emittance light-ion beams at 30 keV energy. The novelty in the design of this ion source is that it combines direct negative extraction for H
− with positive extraction for He
+ that is followed by charge exchange to He
− in a Na-based electron donor canal. The source produces in excess of 250 eµA of H
− and more than 20 eµA of He
−. It is expected the design allows for substantially higher currents, especially for H
−.
Research and development activities to increase the performance of the CAPRICE ECRIS at GSI
Authors: Maimone F. , Andreev A. , Galonska M. , Hollinger R. , Lang R. , Mäder J. , Patchakui P.T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
At GSI the CAPRICE ECRIS is in operation to deliver high charge state ion beams from gaseous and metallic elements to the accelerator facility. A test campaign has been carried out at the ECR test bench to fulfill the demand for higher intensity and stability of high charge state ions and for mixed ion beams. The ion beam stability has been monitored by an Optical Emission Spectrometer (OES), which has been already used to check the plasma and the temperature of the resistively heated oven during metal ion beam operation, particularly for Ca ion beams. During the test campaign, it was investigated that the OES can be used for monitoring the stability of ion beams from gaseous elements and mixed ion beams, and the main achieved results are reported. The ion beams extracted from the ECRIS have been simulated with a particle tracking code in order to study and improve the beam matching into the RFQ. The preliminary results of the study together with possible modifications of the extraction column are presented.
Dual Frequency Enhancement of the Supernanogan Multi-Charged Ion Source at TRIUMF ISAC Facility
Authors: Jayamanna K. , Adegun J. , Ames F , Angus T. , Charles C. , Kiy S. , Lovera M. , Louie D. , Minato B. , Saminathan S. , Schultz B. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 2008, a Supernanogan ECR ion source from PANTECHNIK was introduced in addition to an in-house developed microwave ion source and a surface ion source to complement the TRIUMF Offline Ion Source (OLIS) facility to provide highly charged ions to ISAC experiments. Originally, it employed a 400 W Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWTA) for RF heating, but less than 50 W was enough to produce all the multi-charged beams required by the experiments. A 50 W solid-state amplifier was added for redundancy purposes, but we found a significant improvement when both were switched on at the same time. When properly optimized for the dual frequency, less than ten times the total power is needed to produce a similar charge state distribution with more current than the single frequency. The beam stability and the ability to extract higher charged ions also improved with the dual frequency enhancement. The simulation studies, operational experience, and results are discussed in this paper.
Multi-filament ion source for uniform ion beam generation
Authors: Bahng Jungbae , Kim Yuncheol , Lee Young-woo , Yu Jinsung , Nam Seung-Hee , Choi Bong-Hyuk , Jeon Yongbae 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ion beams are employed in various fields such as semiconductor manufacturing, surface modification and material science. The uniformity of ion beams is crucial in many applications, but conventional ion sources that use a single filament often limit the uniformity and intensity of the ion beam. This paper presents a study that aims to optimize a multi-filament ion source to enhance the uniformity of ion beams. The study includes a detailed explanation of the ion source components and design, methods for measuring ion beam uniformity with its experimental design, followed by results, analysis, discussions and conclusions, completed by suggestions for future research directions. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of a multi-filament ion source improves ion beam uniformity compared to a single-filament ion source. An optimal design for the ion source components and new approaches for improving ion beam uniformity are described. The study’s results provide important information for improving ion beam uniformity and offer a technical basis for providing high-quality products and services in various industries.
ASTERICS, a new 28 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the SPIRAL2 accelerator
Authors: Thuillier T. , Angot J. , Cernuschi A. , Giraud J. , Peaucelle C. , Kiener F , Lagorio E. , Perbet E , Sole P. , Shick S. , Vezzu F. , Simon D. , Allain H. , Berriaud C. , Cadoux T. , Felice H. , Fernandez-Mora E. , Guillo T. , Graffin P. , Kleymenov V. , Sinnana A. , Touzery R. , Trieste S. , Vallcorba R. , Dubois M. , Lemagnen F. , Osmond B. , Trudel A. , Goupillière D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A new A/Q=7 injector is under development for the SPIRAL2 accelerator at Caen, France (NEWGAIN project). A new 28 GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source named ASTERICS is under design for this project. The source features a modern cryostat and a large plasma chamber (91 mm radius and 600 mm length). The physical and technical motivations for a larger plasma volume are detailed and estimates of expected beam intensities enhancement are discussed. The source will mainly produce metallic ion beams: the concept of a temperature-controlled liner (up to 900°C) to stabilize high vapor pressure metal re-evaporation in the source is presented. The preliminary design of the ion source and its superconducting magnet are described.
Extraction of ion beam from laser ion source for direct plasma injection scheme
Authors: Takahashi K , Sasaki T , Kikuchi T , Ikeda S , Kanesue T , Okamura M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Laser ion sources are expected to be used in various applications of heavy ion beam technology. The plasma direct injection scheme (DPIS) is a method in which ion beams extracted from a laser ion source are directly injected into a radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linear accelerator. In this study, a new shape of the plasma electrode with a concave surface for the DPIS was proposed to inject a converging beam to a cavity of RFQ accelerator. This approach allows the use of a large-diameter extraction electrode, which is not limited by the aperture of the RFQ electrode rods. The DPIS, using the concave surface electrode, was employed to accelerate C6+ ion beams. The results indicated that both the beam current and the number of ions increased nearly twice with the proposed electrode shape compared to values obtained with the conventional electrode. This enhancement corresponded to the increased extraction area of the beam.
Effect of solenoidal magnetic field on ion charge state distribution in laser ion source
Authors: Ishikuro K , Takahashi K , Sasaki T , Kikuchi T , Hasegawa J , Tamura J , Horioka K , Takayama K 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Applying a solenoidal magnetic field to a laser produced plasma is a method to increase the ion beam current supplied from a laser ion source to applications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the solenoid magnetic field on the charge state distribution of the ion beam extracted from the laser ion source. A plasma generated by a Nd: YAG laser was injected into the solenoid lens with a length of 25 mm. The current waveforms of ion beams extracted from the laser produced plasmas were measured as a function of solenoidal field strength. In addition, the variation of beam current waveforms for each charge state ion was investigated. The results indicated that the charge state distribution in the plasma was kept after focusing by the solenoid magnetic field.
Ti beam extraction from a laser plasma focused by a magnetic field of a solenoid
Authors: Kashiwagi H , Yamada K , Hosoya S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Laser ion sources (LISs) have the advantages of generating plasma from various solid targets and quickly switching the ion species by changing the target. Given these features, we aimed to develop a LIS for an ion implanter that requires a wide variety of ion species. The plasma generated by the LIS diffuses three-dimensionally with a wide angular distribution, such that only a small fraction of the generated ions reaching the extraction electrode aperture is extracted as a beam. With this procedure, the beam intensity is insufficient for the implanter LIS, which uses a laser with lower energy than the conventional LIS. To obtain a higher beam intensity by increasing the number of ions reaching the beam extraction electrode aperture, a plasma transport system with a linear solenoid magnet was installed immediately after the LIS chamber to focus the plasma by a magnetic field. In the Ti plasma focusing experiment using this system, the beam intensity increased up to 6.7 times compared to that of the case without a magnetic field. This result demonstrates that plasma focusing by a magnetic field is effective for increasing the beam intensity.
Visible camera-based diagnostic to study negative ion beam profiles in ROBIN ion source
Authors: Dash Sidharth , Bandyopadhyay Mainak , Pandya Kaushal , Bhuyan Manas , yadav Ratnakar , Mistri Hiren , Singh Mahendrajit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ensuring ion beam quality is of prime importance concerning the design of large-size neutral beam injectors(NBIs). Homogeneity, divergence, and beam energy are three crucial parameters defining beam quality. ROBIN(RF-Operated Beam source in India for Negative ions) source is one such prototype for extracting H− ion beam from hydrogen plasma. The extracted beam interacts with background neutrals and emits photons. These emissions are proportional to current density and the visible range emissions are used to characterize the beam using CCD cameras. The observed vertical emission profiles depict Gaussian-type asymmetric wings with a tilted flat-top that suggest non-uniform beam groups from the two grid segments. Divergence data extracted from the camera decreases with the acceleration voltage sweep. A strong correlation of the camera divergence data with calorimeter measurements was observed. A numerical beam model is in development to provide more insight into this correlation and pave the way to study beam group interaction.
Design of the beam transport optics of TRIUMF’s new 300 keV H− ion source terminal
Authors: Saminathan S. , Baartman R. , Bylinskii Y. , Ilagan M. , Jayamanna K. , Jovicic N. , Law O. , Lovera M. , Matchetto M. , Minato B. , Planche T. , Portilla D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An ion beam transport system has been designed to transport a highly intense and bright beam extracted from the H− ion source. This new system will be installed at the new injection terminal for the TRIUMF’s 500 MeV H− cyclotron. The low energy part of the transport section (25 keV) in the injection terminal has been designed with magnetic optical elements in order to maintain space charge neutralization. The injection terminal includes a permanent magnet lens, magnetic steerers, a pulser, a beam dump, and a 300 kV acceleration column with electron and positive ion suppressor rings. Beam optics calculations have been performed, including space charge effects up to 1 mA. The simulation results of the beam optics design are presented in this paper.
The Development of Pepper-Pot Emittance Monitor in Gunma University
Authors: Nakao M , Kanda H , Takeda K , Hattori K , Itoh M , Fukuda M , Miyawaki N , Adachi S , Kurashima S , Hara T , Wakui T , Yorita T , Chong T H , Shinozuka T , Morita Y , Matsuda Y , Yasuda Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The pepper-pot emittance monitor is a device that can measure the phase space distribution of the beam rapidly. We have introduced one at the ion source test stand of Gunma University. We confirmed that the phase space distribution can be measured accurately comparing to the existing wire-slit type emittance monitor.
The Child Langmuir Illusion
Authors: Faircloth D. , Kalvas T , Kosonen S , Tarvainen O , Toivanen V 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A Particle in Cell (PIC) model of ion beam extraction from a plasma provides strong evidence that the origin of the observed V(3/2) relationship between the applied extraction voltage and beam current is caused by meniscus shape and collimation on the extraction electrode, not by space charge limited extraction. Excellent correlation between the PIC model, a gun code and experiment is shown for 100 µA Ar+ beams. The s-shape in the emittance phase space is shown to be caused by the radial electric field created by the external edge of the plasma electrode.
A high-intensity, low-energy heavy ion source for a neutron target proof-of-principle experiment at LANSCE
Authors: Cooper Andrew L , Mosby S , Reifarth R , Couture A , Bennett E , Gibson N , Gorelov D , Keith C , Lovell A , Misch G , Mumpower M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The capability to directly study neutron capture reactions on radionuclides with half-lives on the of order minutes would allow key cross section measurements in nuclear astrophysics and energy applications. However, such experiments with stationary targets are currently impossible because of signal detection and target sample fielding issues. To overcome these challenges, a neutron target facility is being developed to permit neutron capture experiments on unstable isotopes in inverse kinematics at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). This next-generation facility will consist of a heavily moderated, high-intensity spallation neutron target coupled with a radioactive ion beam storage ring. A proof-of-principle experiment is underway to demonstrate this neutron target concept at LANSCE in the near term with stable ions and without a storage ring. Here, mA-level beams of 10-50 keV heavy ions exhibiting large resonant neutron capture cross sections will be generated by a new ion source, transported through a large-volume neutron moderator surrounding an adjacent spallation target driven by the LANSCE accelerator, and collected downstream of the moderator for subsequent decay-counting measurements. The neutron density within the moderator will be obtained from these decay yields and compared with Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulation results. The science application, operational requirements, and performance objectives for this heavy ion source will be presented.
Status update of the ATLAS ECR ion sources at Argonne National Laboratory
Authors: Scott R H , McLain J , Vondrasek R C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerator System (ATLAS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) typically operates 24/7 with weekly ion beam changes and an annual 1 month maintenance period. Due to recent installations and upgrades at ATLAS, user demands for new beams and higher intensities have expanded an already diverse operational envelope of both electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS), ECR2 and ECR3. A variety of material introduction techniques including sputter, oven, reduction and gas feed were used to meet the challenge of an intense run schedule. With two ECRIS available to feed the accelerator, beam development and preparation were able to occur concurrently with ATLAS programmatic activities. Highlights of operational experiences and improvements with ECR2 and ECR3 over the last 2 years are presented.
Generation of plasma from multiple targets by laser ion source for TIARA ion implanter
Authors: Yamada K , Kashiwagi H , Hosoya S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigated a laser ion source for use as an ion source for the ion implanter in Takasaki Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application to increase the number of ion species that can be produced and to enable rapid switching of ion species. Herein, we analyzed the charge state distribution of ions in a laser plasma generated through irradiation of graphite, titanium, copper, and tantalum targets with 30 mJ Nd:YAG laser to determine the particle number of low-charge ions per pulse at 1.1 m from the target. The particle number of singly charged ions could be increased by adjusting the laser power density. For carbon, titanium, and tantalum, the particle numbers were in the order of 1010 ions per pulse, whereas for copper, the particle numbers were in the order of 109, lower than for other target materials.
Progress of the laser ion source upgrade (LION2) for RHIC and NSRL program at Brookhaven National Laboratory
Authors: Kanesue T , Beebe E , Coe B , Ikeda S , Kondrashev S , Liaw C , Okamura M , Olsen R , Rodowicz T , Schoepfer R , Smart L , Weiss D , Zhang Y 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), the LION2 ion source is being constructed to replace an existing laser ion ablation ion source (LIS) at the EBIS facility, which provides heavy ion beams of multiple ion species for the operation of NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The LION1 ion source currently provides singly charged ions of Li, B, C, O, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zr, Nb, Ag, Tb, Ta, W, Au, Bi, and Th with a rapid-species-change capability. An electron beam ion source, Extended-EBIS captures, confines, and ionizes the ions to high charge state, suitable for injection and acceleration by an RFQ accelerator. Typically, single pulses of the LIS ion species for NSRL are changed sequentially during Galactic Cosmic Ray experiments, while multiple pulses of a given ion beam are provided quasi-simultaneously for RHIC. LION2 will have the same capability of the rapid-species-change with improved beam performance and reliability. LION2 is being constructed in a remote assembly location and is expected to finish in December 2023. The removal of LION1 and installation of LION2 is planned during the December 2023 or summer 2024 shutdown.
Effect of rolling temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Mn alloys
Authors: Chen Qingrui , Li Chunxiao , Lv Ning , Chen Rongshi , Mao Yaozong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In order to address the problems of traditional magnesium alloys, such as the easy formation of basal texture and poor plasticity at room temperature, a multivariate micro alloyed Mg-1Al-0.9Ca-0.5Zn-0.4Mn material has been designed by taking advantage of the unique role of solute atoms such as Ca. The effects of its rolling process on grain size, second phase, texture, and tensile properties were compared and analyzed. The results show that the rolling temperature will significantly change the organization and properties: a small number of large-sized reticulate phases, linear phases, and granular phases will exist along the rolling direction inside the Mg-1Al-0.9Ca-0.5Zn-0.4Mn alloy. When the rolling temperature is raised, it will change the number and size of the second phase and microstructure morphology. For three plates rolled at 300°C, the best-combined strength-plasticity mechanical properties were presented in this work; elongation is 2.5%, tensile strength is 167 MPa, and yield strength is 146 MPa along the RD, respectively. Besides, some larger-sized phases still exist in this alloy, which affects its mechanical properties.
The design and research of the rotating cabin body in an electro-optical pod
Authors: Yao Jianning , Hou Yunlei , Zhang Haina , Zhang Yong , Su Jianhua , Xi Xiaopeng , Duan Jinjing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces the development process of a rotating cabin body, which is the core component of an electro-optical pod. Firstly, two-window structures were designed according to the demand. The wind resistance of these two-window structures within the rotating range was simulated, analyzed, and compared. on this basis, the optimal window structure was selected. Subsequently, finite element analysis was conducted on the selected form of the cabin body to verify its structural strength and stiffness, including the static analysis and modal analysis. On the basis of sufficient design and analysis, the rotating cabin body was manufactured. After testing and debugging, the electro-optical pod was mounted on an aircraft for flight testing. The experimental results verified the rationality of the design of the electro-optical pod.
Automatic assembly of in-cabin components based on hybrid guidance of binocular vision and laser tracker
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Wang Zanqin , Yang Chuancheng , Wang Dahuan , Feng Jianjun , Wang Shaoke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In order to automate the assembly of a certain type of missile cabin interior components, a new assembly method with a mixture of binocular vision and laser tracker is proposed. The laser tracker is used to determine the coarse position and posture relationship between the cabin segment and the robot. The two binocular vision systems use skeleton extraction and hit-and-miss transformation to extract target cross-hatch features, perform pose fitting, and obtain the fine pose relationship between the target and the component. Twenty full-process simulations are performed on the CoppeliaSim platform. The results show that, with a pixel accuracy of 0.053 mm, the mean value of the position error of the assembly is 0.614 mm with a standard deviation of 0.270, and the mean value of the posture angle error of the assembly is -0.036° with a standard deviation of 0.178. This method realizes automatic grasp-release action and improved absolute positioning accuracy of the robot in the uncalibrated case and can meet the automation and precision needs of production in the final assembly plant.