bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rekrutierung, Implementation und Aufhörrate eines Rauchstopp-Kurses für Jugendliche
Authors: Bühler Anneke , Wegmann Lena , Schmidt Annette , Thrul Johannes , Strunk Mareike , Lang Peter 
Published: February 2012

Fragestellung: Es besteht ein Bedarf nach effektiven, jugendspezifischen Rauchstopp-Angeboten. Inwiefern kann das schulbasierte Rauchstopp-Programm losgelöst die Zielgruppe erreichen und bundesweit umgesetzt werden? Methodik: Die Studie hat ein Ein-Gruppen-Prä-Post-Design und wertet Daten von 2 754 Jugendlichen aus 24 meist Haupt- und Realschulen sowie von 22 Kursleitungen und 139 Kursteilnehmenden aus. Rekrutierungsrate, Teilnehmermerkmale, Bewertung und Aufhörrate werden nach Schultyp und Geschlecht verglichen. Ergebnisse: An 73,3 % der anvisierten 30 Schulen (n = 22) fand mindestens ein Kurs statt, 18,9 % der rauchenden bzw. 48,8 % der aufhörwilligen rauchenden Jugendlichen wurden erreicht (n = 139). Losgelöst wurde von Teilnehmenden und Kursleitungen sehr positiv beurteilt, eine Haltequote von 72 % wurde erreicht (n = 101). Während des Kurses hören 30,2 % der Jugendlichen (n = 42) mit dem Rauchen auf (intention-to-treat-Analyse), weitere 37,7 % (n = 51) reduzierten die Konsummenge um die Hälfte. Am Ende der Nachbetreuungsphase von vier Wochen waren 24,4 % (n = 34) rauchfrei. Akzeptanz und Aufhörrate differierten nicht zwischen Schultyp oder Geschlecht. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studie erbrachte Hinweise darauf, dass mit losgelöst ein Rauchstopp-Programm zur Verfügung steht, das gut implementierbar ist, rauchende Jugendliche erreicht und sowohl von ihnen als auch von den durchführenden Fachkräften akzeptiert wird.
Arbeitsweise und Wirksamkeit einer Telefonberatung für Tabakentwöhnung
Authors: Lindinger Peter , Strunk Mareike , Nübling Matthias , Lang Peter 
Published: February 2012

Hintergrund: Wirksame und leicht zugängliche Ausstiegsangebote können dazu beitragen, die Rauchprävalenz und damit einhergehende tabakbedingte Morbidität und Mortalität zu senken. Telefonische Raucherberatung mit Rückrufen während der Ausstiegsphase gilt als dafür besonders geeignete Form der Tabakentwöhnung. Methode: Die Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) bietet interessierten Anrufern eine proaktive Beratung mit fünf Folgeanrufen an. Einmalig beratene Anrufer ohne Folgeanrufe bilden die Kontrollgruppe. Untersucht wurde das Rauchverhalten beider Gruppen nach drei und 12 Monaten. Alle Daten wurden telefonisch erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die Anrufer sind überwiegend stark abhängige Raucher (M = 21,5 Zig./Tag; FTND = 5,33). Nach 3 Monaten unterscheidet sich die 30-Tage-Punktprävalenz der proaktiv beratenen Gruppe deutlich von der der Kontrollgruppe (22,3 % vs. 11,1 %, p = .010). Nach einem Jahr war proaktive Beratung mit mindestens drei zusätzlichen Beratungsgesprächen wirksamer als eine einmalige oder weniger intensive proaktive Beratung (Punktprävalenz: 34,4 % vs. 21,3 %, p = .024). Schlussfolgerungen: Proaktive Beratung ist eine wirksame Unterstützung und führt bei etwa jedem dritten Anrufer mit mindestens drei Folgeanrufen zu längerfristiger Abstinenz.
Seasonal circulation and temperature variability near the North West Cape of Australia
Authors: Lowe Ryan J. , Ivey Gregory N. , Brinkman Richard M. , Jones Nicole L. 
Published: February 2012

The circulation and temperature variability on the inner shelf near the North West Cape of Australia off Ningaloo Reef was investigated using field data obtained from two moorings deployed from 2004 to 2009. The results revealed that alongshore currents on the inner shelf were, on average, only weakly influenced by the offshore poleward (southward) Leeuwin Current flow, i.e., monthly averaged alongshore current velocities were ∼0.1 m s−1 or less. The presence of a consistent summer‐time wind‐driven equatorward (northward) counter flow on the inner‐shelf (referred to in the literature as the Ningaloo Current) was not observed. Instead, the shelf waters were strongly influenced year‐round by episodic subtidal current fluctuations (time scale 1–2 weeks) that were driven by local wind‐forcing. Analysis of the current profiles showed that periods of strong equatorward winds were able to overcome the dominant poleward pressure gradient in the region, leading to upwelling on the inner‐shelf. Contrary to prior belief, these events were not limited to summer periods. The forcing provided by these periodic wind events and the associated alongshore flows can explain much of the observed temperature variability (with timescales < 1 month) that influences Ningaloo Reef.
Design, Evolution, and Assessment of a Sea Turtle Deflector Dredge for the U.S. Northwest Atlantic Sea Scallop Fishery: Impacts on Fish Bycatch
Authors: Smolowitz Ronald , Milliken Henry O. , Weeks Matthew 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Between May 2006 and November 2009 we tested five sequential dredge modifications during 37 trips on 13 different sea scallop fishing vessels. The testing evaluated the impacts of these modifications on the catch of sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus, the bycatch of fish and sea turtles in the families Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae, and frame durability. We tested the modified dredges and an original New Bedford dredge (control) by conducting paired, side-by-side tows using identical tow parameters. A total of 4,059 paired tows were conducted in which tow data, scallop catch, and bycatch were recorded; data from 44% of the tows were sufficiently sampled for comparisons of bycatch. The dredge catches showed a significant 3% increase in sea scallop catch and significant decreases in the bycatch of many species, including yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea (46%), winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus (69%), barndoor skate Dipturus laevis (18%), and winter skate Leucoraja ocellata (20%). The final design, the CFarm turtle deflector dredge, proved effective at guiding turtle carcasses over the top of the dredge by eliminating most of the bale bars and forming a ramp with a forward-positioned cutting bar and closely spaced struts leading back at a 45° angle. The final design also proved effective in reducing bycatch for a number of nontarget fish species. Flow characterizations in a flume tank provided insight into the cutting bar and frame hydrodynamics that may explain the field trial results.
Received February 2, 2011; accepted November 2, 2011
Disruption of an Atlantic Cod Spawning Aggregation Resulting from the Opening of a Directed Gill-Net Fishery
Authors: Dean Micah J. , Hoffman William S. , Armstrong Michael P. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Atlantic cod Gadus morhua exhibit multiyear homing to discrete spawning grounds, where they aggregate in dense schools. Within an aggregation, a series of complex mating behaviors takes place before mate selection and successful spawning. Disruption of these behaviors has been suggested as a cause of diminished reproductive success and poor recruitment in some stocks. An area known to support a spawning aggregation in Massachusetts Bay was closed to both commercial and recreational fishing for the months of May and June 2009. During the closure period, 10 Atlantic cod were captured, tagged with acoustic transmitters, and released back to the aggregation. Four stationary acoustic receivers were deployed in the area to record transmissions from the tagged fish. Overlapping detection ranges of the receivers allowed for the reconstruction of fine-scale movements of the tagged fish over several days. The tagged cod showed a consistent pattern of aggregation prior to the fishery, characterized by limited movement and similar space use. With the opening of the fishery, the aggregation behavior was disrupted, resulting in increased horizontal and vertical movements and dissimilar space use among individuals. Half of the tagged fish appeared to have been caught in gill nets within 9 h of the opening, while the remainder left the area within 18 h. Even though the receivers were maintained for 9 d after the opening, none of the tagged fish that left the area returned. These results indicate that the spawning aggregation was completely dispersed by the onset of the fishery. Managers hoping to protect spawning aggregations should be aware that the effects of fishing on a spawning aggregation go beyond the removals from the spawning stock.
Received May 3, 2011; accepted October 13, 2011
Age‐dependent changes in contractile function and passive elastic properties of myocardium from mice lacking muscle LIM protein (MLP)
Authors: Unsöld Bernhard , Schotola Hanna , Jacobshagen Claudius , Seidler Tim , Sossalla Samuel , Emons Julius , Klede Stefanie , Knöll Ralph , Guan Kaomei , El‐Armouche Ali , Linke Wolfgang A. , Kögler Harald , Hasenfuss Gerd 
Published: February 2012

AimsMuscle LIM protein (MLP) null mice are often used as a model for human dilated cardiomyopathy. So far, little is known about the time course and pathomechanisms leading to the development of the adult phenotype.Methods and resultsWe systematically analysed the contractile phenotype, myofilament calcium (Ca2+) responsiveness, passive myocardial mechanics, histology, and mRNA expression in mice aged 4 and 12 weeks. In 4‐week‐old animals, there was no significant difference in the force–frequency relationship (FFR) and catecholamine response of intact isolated papillary muscles between wild‐type (WT) and MLP null myocardium. In 12‐week‐old animals, WT myocardium exhibited a significantly positive FFR, while that of MLP null mice was significantly negative, and the inotropic response to catecholamines was significantly reduced in MLP null mice. This time course of decline in contractile function was confirmed in vivo by echocardiography. Whereas at 4 weeks of age MLP null mice and WT littermates showed similar levels of SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase) expression, the expression was significantly lower in 12‐week‐old MLP null mice compared with littermate controls. Myofilament Ca2+ responsiveness was not affected by the lack of MLP, irrespective of age. Whereas in 4‐week‐old animals MLP null myocardium showed a trend to an increased compliance compared with the WT, myocardium of 12‐week‐old MLP null mice was significantly less compliant than WT myocardium. Parallel to the decrease in compliance there was an increase in fibrosis in the MLP null animals.ConclusionOur data suggest that MLP deficiency does not primarily influence myocardial contractility. A lack of MLP leads to an age‐dependent impairment of excitation–contraction coupling with resulting contractile dysfunction and secondary fibrosis.
Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in endomyocardial biopsy specimens in individuals with recent‐onset dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kubánek Miloš , Šramko Marek , Berenová Dagmar , Hulínská Dagmar , Hrbáčková Hana , Malušková Jana , Lodererová Alena , Málek Ivan , Kautzner Josef 
Published: March 2012

AimsRecent studies in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have detected the genome of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (BBSL) in endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) specimens using a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), suggesting a causal link between Lyme disease and DCM in areas in which Lyme disease is endemic. We aimed to study this relationship using a comprehensive molecular analysis detecting BBSL in EMB samples.Methods and resultsWe performed a comprehensive histopathological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular analysis targeting cardiotropic viruses and BBSL in EMB specimens of 41 individuals with recent‐onset DCM and 15 controls with end‐stage coronary artery disease. Specifically, quantitative PCR and electron microscopy of EMB specimens were employed. In addition, autoantibodies and manifestation of autoimmune diseases were evaluated in both groups. Individuals with recent‐onset DCM presented more frequently with myocardial BBSL persistence as compared with the control group (24% vs. 0%, P = 0.035). In contrast, the prevalence of parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus was similar in both groups. Sequence analysis of borrelial DNA revealed the following genospecies: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in three patients (30%), Borrelia afzelii in two patients (20%), and Borrelia garinii in four patients (40%), the results being inconclusive in one case. BBSL‐positive DCM patients had a higher prevalence of organ‐specific autoimmune diseases in comparison with the remaining DCM patients (50% vs. 16%, P = 0.030).ConclusionMyocardial persistence of BBSL may be involved in the pathophysiology of DCM in individuals living in areas in which Lyme disease is endemic.
Why economics matters for understanding the effects of climate change on fisheries
Authors: Haynie Alan C. , Pfeiffer Lisa 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Haynie, A. C., and Pfeiffer, L. 2012. Why economics matters for understanding the effects of climate change on fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: . Research attempting to predict the effect of climate change on fisheries often neglects to consider how harvesters respond to changing economic, institutional, and environmental conditions, which leads to the overly simplistic prediction of “fisheries follow fish”. However, climate effects on fisheries can be complex because they arise through physical, biological, and economic mechanisms that interact or may not be well understood. Although most researchers find it obvious to include physical and biological factors in predicting the effects of climate change on fisheries, the behaviour of fish harvesters also matters for these predictions. A general but succinct conceptual framework for investigating the effects of climate change on fisheries that incorporates the biological and economic factors that determine how fisheries operate is presented. The use of this framework will result in more complete, reliable, and relevant investigations of the effects of climate change on fisheries. The uncertainty surrounding long-term projections, however, is inherent in the complexity of the system.
Heat content in the Norwegian Sea, 1995–2010
Authors: Skagseth Øystein , Mork Kjell Arne 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Skagseth, Ø., and Mork, K. A. 2012. Heat content in the Norwegian Sea, 1995–2010. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 826–832. Spatio-temporal hydrographic data from the Nordic Seas during spring over the period 1995–2010 were investigated in terms of the relative heat content (RHC) above the density surface σt = 27.9, chosen to capture the changes in Atlantic water (AW). Focusing on the Atlantic (eastern) domain of the Nordic Seas, negative anomalies dominated the early part of the series. There was then a gradual transition towards an absolute maximum in 2003/2004, followed by a small reduction with positive values for the period ending in 2010. The maps clearly reveal the events of propagating signals. The variability is regionally comparable, but the persistence on a year-to-year basis is higher in the Lofoten Basin than in the Norwegian Basin. Compared with other studies, in this study, the estimated trend in the RHC of the Nordic Seas was larger than for the global mean and the North Atlantic. The warming of the Nordic Seas derives mainly from the advection of warmer inflowing AW and less from changes in local air–sea heat fluxes. The importance of advection suggests that the variability of the Norwegian Sea's ocean climate can, to a large extent, be predicted based on the observed hydrographic conditions.
Modeling the role of IL2 in the interplay between CD4+ helper and regulatory T cells: studying the impact of IL2 modulation therapies
Authors: García-Martínez Karina , León Kalet 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Several reports in the literature have drawn a complex picture of the effect of treatments aiming to modulate IL2 activity in vivo. They seem to promote indistinctly immunity or tolerance, probably depending on the specific context, dose and timing of their application. Such complexity might derives from the dual role of IL2 on T-cell dynamics. To theoretically address the latter possibility, we develop a mathematical model for helper, regulatory and memory T-cells dynamics, which account for most well-known facts relative to their relationship with IL2. We simulate the effect of three types of therapies: IL2 injections, IL2 depletion using anti-IL2 antibodies and IL2/anti-IL2 immune complexes injection. We focus in the qualitative and quantitative conditions of dose and timing for these treatments which allow them to potentate either immunity or tolerance. Our results provide reasonable explanations for the existent pre-clinical and clinical data and further provide interesting practical guidelines to optimize the future application of these types of treatments. Particularly, our results predict that: (i) Immune complexes IL2/anti-IL2 mAbs, using mAbs which block the interaction of IL2 and CD25 (the alpha chain of IL2 receptor), is the best option to potentate immunity alone or in combination with vaccines. These complexes are optimal when a 1:2 molar ratio of mAb:IL2 is used and the mAbs have the largest possible affinity; (ii) Immune complexes IL2/anti-IL2 mAbs, using mAbs which block the interaction of IL2 and CD122 (the beta chain of IL2 receptor), are the best option to reinforce preexistent natural tolerance, for instance to prevent allograft rejection. These complexes are optimal when a 1:2 molar ratio of mAb:IL2 is used and the mAbs have intermediate affinities; (iii) mAbs anti-IL2 can be successfully used alone to treat an ongoing autoimmune disorder, promoting the re-induction of tolerance. The best strategy in this therapy is to start treatment with an initially high dose of the mAbs (one capable to induce some immune suppression) and then scales down slowly the dose of mAb in subsequent applications.
Assessment of generalizability, applicability and predictability (GAP) for evaluating external validity in studies of universal family‐based prevention of alcohol misuse in young people: systematic methodological review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Fernandez‐Hermida Jose Ramon , Calafat Amador , Becoña Elisardo , Tsertsvadze Alexander , Foxcroft David R. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAims  To assess external validity characteristics of studies from two Cochrane Systematic Reviews of the effectiveness of universal family‐based prevention of alcohol misuse in young people.Methods  Two reviewers used an a priori developed external validity rating form and independently assessed three external validity dimensions of generalizability, applicability and predictability (GAP) in randomized controlled trials.Results  The majority (69%) of the included 29 studies were rated ‘unclear’ on the reporting of sufficient information for judging generalizability from sample to study population. Ten studies (35%) were rated ‘unclear’ on the reporting of sufficient information for judging applicability to other populations and settings. No study provided an assessment of the validity of the trial end‐point measures for subsequent mortality, morbidity, quality of life or other economic or social outcomes. Similarly, no study reported on the validity of surrogate measures using established criteria for assessing surrogate end‐points.Conclusions  Studies evaluating the benefits of family‐based prevention of alcohol misuse in young people are generally inadequate at reporting information relevant to generalizability of the findings or implications for health or social outcomes. Researchers, study authors, peer reviewers, journal editors and scientific societies should take steps to improve the reporting of information relevant to external validity in prevention trials.
Quality of life in newly diagnosed children with specific learning disabilities (SpLD) and differences from typically developing children: a study of child and parent reports
Authors: Ginieri‐Coccossis M. , Rotsika V. , Skevington S. , Papaevangelou S. , Malliori M. , Tomaras V. , Kokkevi A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction  Research on quality of life (QoL) of school children with specific learning disabilities (SpLD) and their parents is scarce. The present study explores QoL deficits in newly diagnosed children with SpLD and their parents, in comparison to a similar age group of typically developing children. Possible associations between parental and child QoL were statistically explored in both groups of children.Methods  70 newly diagnosed children with SpLD [International Classification of Diseases‐10 (ICD‐10) criteria] (38 boys, 32 girls, mean age 10.1 years) and a control group of 69 typically developing children of the same age (40 boys, 29 girls, mean age 10.6 years) were recruited. Children were of normal intelligence quotient, attending mainstream schools. Their parents were also recruited so a child's scores could be associated with corresponding parental scores (mother or father). Children's QoL was assessed by the German questionnaire for measuring quality of life in children and adolescents (KINDLR) questionnaire and parental QoL by World Health Organization Quality of Life brief questionnaire (WHOQOL‐BREF) of the World Health Organization.Results  Children with SpLD in comparison to typically developing children reported according to the KINDLR measurement poorer emotional well‐being, lower self‐esteem and satisfaction in their relationships with family and friends. Surprisingly, school functioning was not reported by these children as an area of concern. Parents of children with SpLD indicated experiencing lower satisfaction in the WHOQOL‐BREF domains of social relationships and environment. Correlational and regression analysis with parental–child QoL scores provided evidence that in the SpLD group, parental scores on WHOQOL‐BREF social relationships and psychological health domains could be predictors of the child's emotional well‐being, satisfaction with family, friends and school functioning. Stepwise regression analysis verified the effect of parents' WHOQOL‐BREF social relationships domain on several dimensions of children's KINDLR QoL.Conclusions  The results may suggest certain significant effects of the SpLD condition on newly diagnosed children's QoL. Emotional and social deficits seem to be experienced by this cohort of children and their parents. Investigation into the possible interrelationships between parental and child QoL seems to indicate that parental social wellbeing may to a certain extend influence some dimensions of the child's QoL. The findings are useful for policy making and specialized interventions for children with SpLD and their families.