bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple design method based on vector control of AC machines with LC filter
Authors: Saito Ryosuke , Kubota Hisao 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper presents a simple voltage control system for AC machines using a PWM voltage source inverter with output LC filters. By assuming a motor as a current source, the voltage is controlled by a simple proportional differential (PD) control. The vector control and PD control can be separately controlled in this system. A method for disturbance rejection is also described. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulations and experiments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(4): 45–51, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21125
CD4+ T‐cell immunity in the female genital tract is critically dependent on local mucosal immunization
Authors: Marks Ellen , Helgeby Anja , Andersson Jan O. , Schön Karin , Lycke Nils Y. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractImmunizations via the i.n. and intravaginal (ivag) routes effectively generate strong genital tract antibody‐mediated immunity. To what extent the same is true for T‐cell responses is incompletely known. Therefore, we set out to investigate optimal conditions for stimulation of genital tract CD4+ T‐cell responses, using adoptive transfer of mouse DO11.10 TCR transgenic T cells specific for OVA and OVA conjugated to cholera toxin (CT) as an immunogen. We observed that progesterone was required for a T‐cell response following ivag immunization, whereas estradiol prevented a response. Although i.n. immunization stimulated OVA‐specific CD4+ T‐cell responses in the draining LNs, it was substantially less effective compared to ivag. More importantly, an ivag booster immunization was absolutely required to attract T cells to the genital tract mucosa itself. While clinical use of CT is precluded because of its toxicity, we developed a combined adjuvant vector based on a non‐toxic derivative of CT and immune‐stimulating complexes. The CTA1‐DD/immune‐stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) adjuvant together with major outer membrane protein was effective at stimulating genital tract CD4+ T‐cell immunity and protection against a live chlamydial infection, which holds promise for the development of mucosal vaccines against sexually transmitted infections.
Interaction of eosinophils with endothelial cells is modulated by prostaglandin EP4 receptors
Authors: Konya Viktoria , Philipose Sonia , Bálint Zoltán , Olschewski Andrea , Marsche Gunther , Sturm Eva M. , Schicho Rudolf , Peskar Bernhard A. , Schuligoi Rufina , Heinemann Akos 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEosinophil extravasation across the endothelium is a key feature of allergic inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of PGE2 and its receptor, E‐type prostanoid receptor (EP)‐4, in the regulation of eosinophil interaction with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. PGE2 and the EP4 receptor agonist ONO AE1‐329 significantly reduced eotaxin‐induced eosinophil adhesion to fibronectin, and formation of filamentous actin and gelsolin‐rich adhesive structures. These inhibitory effects were reversed by a selective EP4 receptor antagonist, ONO AE3‐208. PGE2 and the EP4 agonist prevented the activation and cell‐surface clustering of β2 integrins, and L‐selectin shedding of eosinophils. Under physiological flow conditions, eosinophils that were treated with the EP4 agonist showed reduced adhesion to endothelial monolayers upon stimulation with eotaxin, as well as after TNF‐α‐induced activation of the endothelial cells. Selective activation of EP1, EP2, and EP3 receptors did not alter eosinophil adhesion to endothelial cells, whereas the EP4 antagonist prevented PGE2 from decreasing eosinophil adhesion. Finally, eosinophil transmigration across thrombin‐ and TNF‐α‐activated endothelial cells was effectively reduced by the EP4 agonist. These data suggest that PGE2–EP4 signaling might be protective against allergic responses by inhibiting the interaction of eosinophils with the endothelium and might hence be a useful therapeutic option for controlling inappropriate eosinophil infiltration.
A novel hydroxyapatite ceramic bone substitute transformed by ostrich cancellous bone: Characterization and evaluations of bone regeneration activity
Authors: Sawada Yasunori , Hokugo Akishige , Yang Yaowu , Kamitani Masayuki , Matsuda Sakiko , Mao Tianqiu , Lei Delin , Chen Fulin , Iseki Tomio , Morita Shosuke 
Published: June 2011

AbstractVarious biomaterials have been used for bone repair and reconstruction of bone defects. Inorganic xenogenic bone substitutes have been intensively studied because they possesses favorable regenerative properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of a novel inorganic xenogenic bone substitute, sintered ostrich cancellous bone (SOCB). Bone regeneration capability was also comparing to that of other bone substitutes in rabbit calvarial defects. Biochemical and biomechanical properties of the SOCB ceramic closely resembled those of human bone. Bone regeneration was evaluated by radiograph, histology, and histomorphometry. Bone regeneration was significantly enhanced in defects treated with SOCB when compared with other bone substitutes. The biochemical and biomechanical properties of SOCB are favorable for bone regeneration. SOCB might be a promising biomaterial for the repair of bone defects. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Inhibition of lung cancer growth: ATP citrate lyase knockdown and statin treatment leads to dual blockade of mitogen‐activated protein Kinase (MAPK) and Phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways
Authors: Hanai Jun‐ichi , Doro Nathaniel , Sasaki Atsuo T. , Kobayashi Susumu , Cantley Lewis C. , Seth Pankaj , Sukhatme Vikas P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractATP citrate lyase (ACL) catalyzes the conversion of cytosolic citrate to acetyl‐CoA and oxaloacetate. A definitive role for ACL in tumorigenesis has emerged from ACL RNAi and chemical inhibitor studies, showing that ACL inhibition limits tumor cell proliferation and survival and induces differentiation in vitro. In vivo, it reduces tumor growth leading to a cytostatic effect and induces differentiation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood and agents that could enhance the efficacy of ACL inhibition have not been identified. Our studies focus on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lines, which show phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT activation secondary to a mutation in the K‐Ras gene or the EGFR gene. Here we show that ACL knockdown promotes apoptosis and differentiation, leading to the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, in contrast to most studies, which elucidate how activation/suppression of signaling pathways can modify metabolism, we show that inhibition of a metabolic pathway “reverse signals” and attenuates PI3K/AKT signaling. Additionally, we find that statins, inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase, which act downstream of ACL in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, dramatically enhance the anti‐tumor effects of ACL inhibition, even regressing established tumors. With statin treatment, both PI3K/AKT and the MAPK pathways are affected. Moreover, this combined treatment is able to reduce the growth of EGF receptor resistant tumor cell types. Given the essential role of lipid synthesis in numerous cancers, this work may impact therapy in a broad range of tumors. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1709–1720, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In situ synthesis of ammonia by catalytic hydrolysis of urea in the presence of aluminium oxide for safe use of ammonia in power plants for flue gas conditioning
Authors: Gangadharan Preeti , Sahu Jaya N. , Meikap Bhim C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ammonia is applied to increase the efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator for fly ash removal from a flue gas stream from a boiler using fossil fuel. In the present work, the hydrolysis of urea to generate ammonia for flue gas conditioning, with the help of aluminium oxide catalyst, has been studied.RESULTS: The effect of temperature, catalyst and initial concentration on the conversion was studied. Conversion was found to increase exponentially with temperature. Addition of catalyst resulted in an increase in conversion. Experiments were conducted with different doses of catalyst, and the optimum dosage of catalyst for a particular feed concentration was determined. A decrease in conversion was observed when the initial concentration of ammonia was increased.CONCLUSION: A study of reaction kinetics showed the effect of reaction time on conversion of urea to ammonia. The catalytic hydrolysis of urea, using aluminium oxide behaved as a first‐order reaction; the rate constant at different temperatures was found, and the activation energy determined. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Facile purification and characterization of recombinant human antithrombin III from transgenic goat milk
Authors: Kong Yingjun , Zhang Guifeng , Luo Jian , Liu Yongdong , Li Xiunan , Ma Guanghui , Zhao Yalin , Yuan Sanping , Su Zhiguo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Antithrombin III (AT III) is a serine protease inhibitor that inhibits thrombin and the activated forms of factors X, VII, IX, XI and XII. Transgenic expression of therapeutic proteins in animal systems has gradually matured from laboratory scale to industrial practice, demanding efficient and scalable purification processes. The purification and characterization of recombinant human antithrombin III (rhAT III) from transgenic goat milk are described here.RESULTS: The rhAT III was purified by isoelectric precipitation, heparin affinity chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography, resulting in a 90.6% yield and > 99% purity. The goat β‐casein secretion peptide introduced to the rhAT III was cut off using enterokinase and removed by size exclusion chromatography using a Superdex 75 column. The primary structure, disulfide linkages, glycosylation sites, secondary structure and tertiary structure of the rhAT III were measured and found to be the same as those of the plasma‐derived AT III (phAT III).CONCLUSION: A facile process is introduced for the purification of rhAT III from transgenic goat milk. The rhAT III with high purity was achieved after an initial isoelectric precipitation step in which most of the bulk protein impurities are removed, followed by affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. The rhAT III was demonstrated to have the same structure as phAT III. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
CARS diagnostics of fluid adsorption and condensation in small mesopores
Authors: Andreeva O. V. , Arakcheev V. G. , Bagratashvili V. N. , Morozov V. B. , Popov V. K. , Valeev A. A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCoherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy is applied to diagnostics of phase behavior of a fluid in pores of nanoporous glasses. Samples with mean pore radii of 2 and 3.5 nm were filled with compressed carbon dioxide at near‐room temperatures. CARS spectra of the 1388 cm−1 Q‐branch were measured at isothermal compressing in a wide pressure range including the transition from gaseous to condensed state. The spectra show specific transformations caused by fluid adsorption and condensation in nanopores. We have carried out calculations of the spectral profiles based on the phase behavior of carbon dioxide in cylindrical glass nanopores. Phase behavior modeling was performed using thermodynamic concepts of surface adsorption and capillary condensation. A good agreement between experimental spectra and calculations was obtained. The potential of CARS technique for the diagnostics of fluid phase behavior in pores and for the characterization of nanoporous host structure is discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comments on the paper “Characterization of stationary phases by a linear solvation energy relationship utilizing supercritical fluid chromatography” by C. R. Mitchell, N. J. Benz, S. Zhang
Authors: West Caroline , Lesellier Eric 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn a recent paper published by Mitchell et al. in this journal, some results obtained in supercritical fluid chromatography and interpreted with the solvation parameter model to characterize interactions for “novel stationary phases” were surprising to us. Indeed, we had already published results for most of the stationary phases reported, but, except for polar phases, our results were not in agreement with those, despite the use of identical mobile phases in both studies. These data were disturbing because they suggest that supercritical fluid chromatography is always a normal‐phase mode, while we have shown that it is a reversed‐phase mode when working with non‐polar stationary phases. In the process of establishing the reason for the differences between our works, we examined several different factors. This paper deals with practice of linear solvation energy relationships: choice of dead‐volume marker, choice of test‐solutes to adequately probe the possible interactions and appropriate column length for characterization of chromatographic systems with highly eluting mobile phases are discussed. The importance of control experiments to validate retention models and confirm their accordance with the chromatographer's experience is evidenced. Recommendations for good linear solvation energy relationship practice are suggested in order to avoid the publication of results leading to erroneous conclusions.
Effects of Stereocomplex Nuclei or Spherulites on Crystalline Morphology and Crack Behavior of Poly(L‐lactic acid)
Authors: Nurkhamidah Siti , Woo Eamor M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIntroduction of sc‐PLA crystals as small nuclei or large sc‐PLA spherulites has great influence on patterning the inter‐phase boundaries and reducing the cracks in crystallized PLLA in mixtures with PDLA. Unmelted sc‐PLA crystals as nuclei induce cracks in later‐crystallized PLLA, whereas co‐crystallization of PLLA with PDLA to develop simultaneous PLLA and sc‐PLA spherulites is effective in altering the inter‐phases for minimizing the cracks. PLLA co‐crystallized with sc‐PLA spherulites tends to be more compact than PLLA spherulites crystallizing on sc‐PLA nuclei. In general, the sc‐PLA spherulites suppress the occurrence of a stressed interphase in PLLA spherulites and the depth of cooling‐induced cracks is also decreased. magnified image
Liver‐specific overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) in transgenic mice accelerates development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Thieringer Florian R. , Maass Thorsten , Anthon Bianca , Meyer Erik , Schirmacher Peter , Longerich Thomas , Galle Peter R. , Kanzler Stephan , Teufel Andreas 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) plays a central role in tumor invasion and development of metastases. Expression of MMP‐9 had been shown in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). However, it remained unclear whether MMP‐9 could influence development of HCC. In order to address this issue, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing MMP‐9 in the liver. In order to avoid embryonic lethality a Cre‐lox system was utilized for conditional overexpression of MMP‐9 under control of an albumin enhancer and promoter. Induction of MMP‐9 overexpression in transgenic mice was achieved by i.v. injection of an adenovirus coding for the Cre recombinase. Initiation of liver carcinogenesis was achieved by injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) followed by Phenobarbital administration in drinking water. Transgene expression was induced at the age of 6 wk. Four and six months later mice were sacrificed and examined macroscopically and microscopically in a blinded manner. Alb/Cre/MMP‐9‐transgenic mice showed liver specific overexpression of MMP‐9‐mRNA and protein after induction. At the age of 6 months livers of transgenic mice showed 15.7 ± 11.6 tumors (mean ± SD) in contrast to wildtype mice with only 7.9 ± 11.0 tumors (P < 0.03). By histopathology examination of the livers HCCs were identified in 42% of the transgenic mouse livers but only 8% in wildtype animals. In summary, we established a novel MMP‐9 transgenic mouse model, and report on a significantly increased susceptibility of MMP‐9 transgenic mice to chemically induced carcinogenesis. This is the first in vivo proof that MMP‐9 overexpression promotes liver tumor development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of GSTT1 and M1 null genotypes as risk factors for B‐cell lymphoma: Influence of geographical factors and occupational exposure
Authors: Ruiz‐Cosano Javier , Conesa‐Zamora Pablo , González‐Conejero Rocío , Pérez‐Ceballos Elena , Martínez‐Francés Antonio , Vicente Vicente , Pérez‐Guillermo Miguel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe interrelationship between genetic susceptibility and carcinogenic exposure is important in the development of haematopoietic malignancies. Both factors need to be considered to enable assessment of disease risk associated with a given individual under certain environmental conditions. GSTT1 and GSTM1 are two genes whose proteins are involved in the detoxification of potential carcinogens. We have studied the prevalence of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null polymorphisms using a novel PCR multiplex protocol in a group of 158 patients with B‐cell lymphoma (BCL, 138 with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and 20 with Hodgkin lymphoma) and 214 healthy controls. A questionnaire regarding occupational exposure and lifestyle factors was also completed by both groups. GSTM1 null genotype showed no significant differences between patients and controls (46.9% and 55.6%, respectively). In contrast, GSTT1 null genotype was observed in 25.3% of patients and 15.4% of controls (P = 0.013; OR = 1.85; CI (95%):1.11–3.09), suggesting a role for the GSTT1 null genotype in the development of BCL. This effect was even more evident in females (27.5% vs. 14%: P = 0.014). No significant association was observed between GST genotypes and disease risk in relation to smoking or occupational exposure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Curvature sensor based on fiber loop mirror with polarization maintaining fiber
Authors: Zhao Yu , Jin Yongxing , Liang Houhui , Wang Jianfeng , Dong Xinyong 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAn optical fiber curvature sensor based on fiber loop mirror with a short section of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The PMF of about 100 cm long is inserted into fiber loop mirror, and a section of it about 142 mm is used as the sensing element. The output spectra of fiber loop mirror under different curvatures are measured and analyzed. The sensitivity of the curvature measurement of 0.0344 m–1 pm–1 is experimentally achieved in the range of 9.3–21.7 m–1. The temperature effect of the proposed sensor is also analyzed. Comparing with the sensor of photonic crystal fiber, it is more convenient and simply. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26166
Ka‐band quasioptical detectors based on antenna‐integrated planar Schottky diodes
Authors: Mou Jinchao , Lv Xin , Yuan Yong , Yu Weihua 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis letter presents a quasioptical monolithic detector for Ka‐band applications.It consists of an antenna‐integrated planar Schottky diode and an extended semispherical lens. A three‐dimensional electromagnetic model is built for evaluating its radiation performance. The responsivity of the detector ranges from 712 to 1483 mV mW−1 over 26.5∼ 40 GHz under the bias voltage of 0.8 V, corresponding to the estimated noise equivalent power between 2.5E−11 and 5.2E−11 W Hz−1/2. The radiation patterns are measured and agree well with the simulated ones, showing the validity of the proposed model. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26168
A compact UWB bandpass filter using a center‐tapped composite right/left‐handed transmission‐line zeroth‐order resonator
Authors: Ju J. , Kahng S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe design of a new UWB bandpass filter is proposed, which has a center tapped microstrip composite right/left‐handed transmission‐line zeroth‐order resonator (CRLH‐TL ZOR). In an attempt to reduce the size, instead of the conventional periodic CRLH‐TL, only one cell ZOR geometry is adopted and optimized to have the target UWB bandpass filtering. Along with this subwavelength filter, the matching parts working as a stepped impedance low‐pass filter are suggested for good matching and stopband enhancement. The proposed filter is shown to have the overall size of “0.69λg × 0.73λg,” the fractional bandwidth over 100%, the insertion loss much less than 1 dB, and the flat group delay with an acceptable return loss performance in the predicted and measured results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26170
Performance enhancement scheme for RSOA‐based WDM‐PONS by using a single Fabry‐Perot etalon
Authors: Yang Chun‐Liang , Hsieh Ting‐Lin , Lin Shu‐Chuan , Keiser Gerd , Lee San‐Liang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA scheme for simultaneous extinction ratio enhancement, optical frequency stabilization, and wavelength reuse is proposed for reflective semiconductor optical amplifier‐based wavelength‐division‐multiplexed passive optical networks to stabilize the optical channel frequency and enhance bidirectional transmission.This is achieved by simply employing a single Fabry‐Perot etalon at the optical line terminal rather than having one at each optical network unit. Compared with the remodulation scheme that uses a 10‐Gb/s optical signal with a 3‐dB extinction ratio as a downstream optical signal and a seed light, our scheme shows improvements in power penalties greater than 1.8 dB and 1.4 dB for 10‐Gb/s downstream and 1.25‐Gb/s upstream signals, respectively, after transmission of 25 km at a bit‐error‐rate = 10−9. Moreover, a power penalty of only 0.5‐dB is observed in comparison to the two 1.25‐Gb/s upstream bit‐error‐rate results based on using a continuous‐wave seed light and a data‐erased seed light. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26178
Ultrawideband and WLAN asymmetrical dipole antenna on FR4‐like planar substrate
Authors: Barbarino Sebastiano , Consoli Fabrizio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe detailed study of a planar asymmetrical dipole, realized on a εr = 4.50 substrate, with a rectangular slit etched on one of the two dipole arms, is described in this paper. The measured prototype fulfills the bandwidth requirements of both ultrawideband and WLAN communications at 2 and 5 GHz. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26185
Miniaturized microstrip‐fed self‐resonant rectangular split‐ring resonator antenna
Authors: Eldek Abdelnasser 
Published: June 2011

Abstractminiaturized microstrip‐fed antenna composed of a broadside coupled split‐ring resonator and an excitation rectangular arc‐shaped monopole is presented. Numerical and experimental results are presented for an antenna configuration of 1/28 wavelength in diameter (ka∼0.1125). The antenna size including the ground plane is 60 × 38.5 mm2, and it is operating at 179 MHz. Its resonant frequency can be tuned over a good range of frequency without changing the antenna size, which can increase its usable bandwidth using reconfigurable antenna techniques. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26186