bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap: Moving Predictive and Prognostic Assays from Research to Clinical Use
Authors: Williams P. Michael , Lively Tracy G. , Jessup J. Milburn , Conley Barbara A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The development of clinically useful molecular diagnostics requires validation of clinical assay performance and achievement of clinical qualification in clinical trials. As discussed elsewhere in this Focus section on molecular diagnostics, validation of assay performance must be rigorous, especially when the assay will be used to guide treatment decisions. Here we review some of the problems associated with assay development, especially for academic investigators. These include lack of expertise and resources for analytical validation, lack of experience in designing projects for a specific clinical use, lack of specimens from appropriate patient groups, and lack of access to Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments–certified laboratories. In addition, financial support for assay validation has lagged behind financial support for marker discovery or drug development, even though the molecular diagnostic may be considered necessary for the successful use of the companion therapeutic. The National Cancer Institute supports a large number of clinical trials and a significant effort in drug development. In order to address some of these barriers for predictive and prognostic assays that will be used in clinical trials to select patients for a particular treatment, stratify patients into molecularly defined subgroups, or choose between treatments for molecularly defined tumors, the National Cancer Institute has begun a pilot program designed to lessen barriers to the development of validated prognostic and predictive assays. Clin Cancer Res; 18(6); 1531–9. ©2012 AACR.
The Brief Catalogues to the Narthang and the Lhasa Kanjurs. A Synoptic Edition of the bKa' 'gyur rin po che'i mtshan tho and the rGyal ba'i bka' 'gyur rin po che'i chos ts'an so so'i mts'an byan dkar chag bsdus pa
Authors: Ehrhard  
Published: March 2012

AbstractNo Abstract
Traitana und raēta(o)na
Authors: Oettinger  , Jackson  
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn attempt is made to reconstruct a Proto-Indo-Iranian legend, mainly on the basis of a passage in the Avestan Ardvīsūr-Yast (Yt. 5,61 f.) and a so far misinterpreted RVedic verse (1,115,5). The legend seems to involve a hero named *Traitana/*Trāitana who rescues a devout mortal from water by killing a hostile creature (*dāsa-). By comparing this legend with a set of closely related RVedic legends, in which mortals are rescued at sea or from imprisonment by Indra or the Aśvin, it is assumed that the story of *Traitana/*Trāitana belonged to a genre once forming a part of an otherwise lost heroic poetry of Indo-Iranian age.
Quelques Réflexions Sur L'apophatisme De Śankara
Authors: Biardeau Madeleine 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOn a l'habitude de considerer Śankara comme le plus apophatique des théologiens-philosophes de Brahman. Sa conception d'un absolu parfaitement hétérogène au monde de la māyā commande en effet une démarche négative stricte, qui lui est d'ailleurs facilitée par les textes révélés – śruti – ou transmis par la tradition – smrti – auxquels il se réfère.
Two Sogdian Etymologies
Authors: Mehendale M. A. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract(1) The word for “astrologer” occurs in Buddh. Sogdian as snptsr and in Man. Sogdian as snbtsr (cf. W. B. Henning, Sogdica, p. 21, 22). Benveniste in his edition of the Vessantara Jätaka apparently divides the word into two parts, snpt and sr, and suggests to compare the first part of the word with Persian sambät, sambūt “vision, fantôme” (p. 90.22).
Le Présent Avestique Uz-Vaedaya
Authors: Benveniste E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractLes présents indo-iraniens de vid- “savoir” ont en commun, outre les différents états du thème, quelques formes spécialisées par le préverbe. Sont également indiens et iraniens les causatifs v. ā-vedátya-, av. ā-vaēδaya-; - v. prati-vedátyat-, av. paiti-vaēδaya-; - v. ni-ved´ya- (Br.), av.ni-vaēδaya-, qui concordent en outre par leur sens. Ces présents énoncent des valeurs de “consécration” ou d' “invitation”, liées à d'identiques formules rituelles, par lesquelles on “convie” les dieux à l'oblation.
La Transposition Des Dieux Souverains Mineurs En Heros Dans Le Mahābhārata
Authors: Dumézil Georges 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEn 1947, Stig Wikander a éc1airé d'un jour inattendu la structure de l'immense matiére du Mahābhārata, c'est-á-dire de la rivalité qui oppose deux groupes de cousins qu'on peut appeler schématiquement les “bons” et les “mechants". Les bons, qui ont pour eux les droits et, en gros, les vertus, sont d'abord et pendant longtemps frauduleusement dépouillés, persécutés par les méchants. Mais arrive un moment, une suite de jours, où tout se règle par la force des armes. C'est une terrible bataille, où les bons finissent par triompher, les méchants étant exterminés. Le poème se termine par Ie règne du bon roi et l'entrée des bons héros dans la vie bienheureuse de l'au-delà.
Two Prasun Notes
Authors: Hamp Eric P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMorgenstierne (NTS, 15.211 § 51, and 259) derives this from *ghana-tara, with a question-mark of doubt. In Prasun we expect a nasal cluster to lose its nasal to the following obstruent; still, such a vowel syncope is not entirely self-explanatory, and we might expect internal -t- to vanish. Besides, a closer connexion seems to be available.
SKT. ADŚAM: GR. “ΈΔPAKON?Brief Communication
Authors: Kuiper F. B. J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt has long been observed that the Vedic evidence does not support the assumption of a thematic aorist adśarn. Wackernage1 withdrew the equation adŕśarn (sic): ακov (Altind. Gramm., I [1896], p. 32, 1. 28) in the Berichtigungen (p. 344). In 1926 he pointed out that, since dśeyam RS., dśema AS. do not justify the assumption of an a-aorist, all Vedic forms must be referred to a root aorist ádarśam, pI. 1 adśma (JB.) Analogical new formations are adarśma TS. III. 2. 5. 4 and adarśu AB. 7. 17. 3. In Debrunner's Nachträge ad Ai. Gr. I. 32 [1957], however, the old equation recurs in a modified form, adŕśam being replaced by “TS. adŕśan“, and in Hauschild's revised version of Thumb's Handbuch des Skt. I (1958), p. 247, we find again “á-dś-at ‘er sah’, gr. ακov, idg. *e-dk-et”. This calls for some comment.
Notes on the Asokan Rock Edicts
Authors: Norman K.R 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn a footnote to his very valuable study of the Asokan inscriptions, Professor Alsdorf writes “no systematic, comprehensive investigation of the different versions (apart from the purely linguistic aspect), of their true textual variants, their translation technique, and the mistakes committed in translating has so far been undertaken; it is urgently needed.” The following notes, which do not aim at completeness, represent the beginnings of an attempt to find patterns in the committing of mistakes, and in the methods of expression, and to employ the findings to explain certain difficulties. They are written in the hope that they may prove of some value to anyone undertaking the task Alsdorf outlines.
A Fragment of the Sanskrit Sumukhadhāraī
Authors: Desyatovskaya M. I. Vorobyeva , Levin G. M. Bongard , Tyomkin E. N. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAmong the Central Asian documents from the collection of N. F. Petrovsky kept in the Manuscript Collection of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Asia, USSR Academy of Sciences, under the code SI P/65a there is a fragment of a manuscript written in Brāhmi. The fragment is a sheet of yellowish paper, 65.5 × 6 centimetres. 5.5 cm. from the left edge recto there is a circle in black ink, 2 cm. in diameter, with a hole in the centre evidently for a cord. The text is written in black ink, 4 lines on each page. The script is Upright Central Asian Calligraphic Brāhmi, the size of characters is 1 cm. (width) × 0.5 cm. (height). The spacing is 1 cm. On the left margin recto the number of the sheet is preserved - 6.
Zur Gestalt der Erde im Weltbild des frühen Buddhismus
Authors: Kottkamp Heino 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn the gāthās of the Migālopa-Jātaka and the Gijjha-Jātaka an old Indian narrative is handed down in two basically identical versions which, however, differ from each other, in that the first and older one ascribes a square shape to the earth while the second one conceives it in the form of a wheel. Searching for an explanation for the coexistence of these seemingly contradictory cosmographic pictures in a canonical collection of Buddhist texts, the author of this article discusses in general the archaic cosmological concept of the flat circular disk of the earth, compares relevant sources from vedic and brahmanic literature, and points to some non-Indian tales which are of special interest particularly in regard to the Jātaka versions.
Twentieth Annual Margaret Mann Phillips Lecture: Point and Counter-Point: Erasmus' Debate with Martin Bucer
Authors: Carrington Laurel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article explores the 1529–1530 debate between Erasmus and Strasbourg reformer Martin Bucer, which has received little attention in comparison with the debate between Erasmus and Luther. Erasmus' initial attack, Epistola contra pseudevangelicos, appears to be a list of personal grievances against individual reformers, and yet embedded in this critique is an effort at providing his readers with the means to discern who are the true followers of the gospels. He calls for a resolution to religious controversy through a council that will bring all parties together in pious dialogue. Bucer's response, Episotla Apologetica, is a detailed defense of his party's conduct and doctrine, as well as a counterattack on the beliefs and conduct of the Roman church and its clergy. Erasmus' reply, Epistola ad fratres Germaniae Inferioris, shows a level of bitterness and despair that appears to abandon all hope for reconciliation. The article examines four points of engagement: comparisons between the Protestant reformers and Catholic clergy regarding their personal conduct, matters of doctrine, Erasmus' call for a resolution and Bucer's response, and imputations of disunity on both sides.
Hybridizing Scholastic Psychology with Chinese Medicine: A Seventeenth-Century Chinese Catholic's Conceptions of Xin (Mind and Heart)
Authors: Zhang Qiong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper explores the dynamics of cultural interactions between early modern China and Europe initiated by the Jesuits and other Catholic missionaries through a case study of Wang Honghan, a seventeenth-century Chinese Catholic who systematically sought to integrate European learning introduced by the missionaries with pre-modern Chinese medicine. Focusing on the ways in which Wang combined his Western and Chinese sources to develop and articulate his views on xin (mind and heart), this paper argues that Wang arrived at a peculiar hybrid between scholastic psychology and Chinese medicine, not so much through a course of haphazard misunderstanding as through his conscious and patterned use and abuse of his Western sources, which was motivated most possibly by a wish to define a theoretical position that most suited his social roles as a Catholic convert and a Chinese medical doctor. Thus, rather than seeing Wang as an epitome of "transmission failure," this paper offers it as a showcase for the tremendous dynamism and creativity occurring at this East-West "contact zone" as representatives of both cultures sought to appropriate and transform the symbolic and textual resources of the other side.
Take a Lame and Decrepit Female Hyena…: A Genizah Study of Two Additional Fragments of Sābūr Ibn Sahl's al-Aqrābādhīn al-Saghīr
Authors: Chipman Leigh , Lev Efraim 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSābūr ibn Sahl's al-Aqrābādhīn al-saghīr is the earliest Arabic pharmacopoeia known to have survived. Finding fragments of Sābūr's pharmacopoeia in the Cairo Genizah shows that it was used by the medical practitioners of the Jewish community of Cairo, possibly long after it is supposed to have been superceded by other works. We present here a synoptic edition of two Arabic fragments, T-S Ar. 40.5 and Ar. 41.90. These fragments overlap to a large extent, but are not exactly the same. We suggest that one (T-S Ar. 41.90) may be the work of a professional scribe, while the other (T-S Ar. 40.5) was copied by a practitioner for his personal use.
Dislodging "Embedded" Religion: A Brief Note on a Scholarly Trope
Authors: Nongbri Brent 
Published: March 2012

AbstractScholars of ancient cultures are increasingly speaking of the "embeddedness" of ancient religion — arguing that the practices modern investigators group under the heading of "religion" did not compose a well-defined category in antiquity; instead, they claim that "religion was embedded" in other aspects of ancient culture. These writers use this notion of "embeddedness" to help us see that categories post-Enlightenment thinkers often regard as distinct (such as politics, economics, and religion) largely overlapped in antiquity. The trope of "embedded religion" can, however, also produce the false impression that religion is a descriptive concept rather than a redescriptive concept for ancient cultures (i.e., that there really is something "out there" in antiquity called "Roman religion" or "Mesopotamian religion," which scholars are simply describing rather than creating). By allowing this slippage between descriptive and redescriptive uses of "religion," the rhetoric of "embedded religion" exacerbates the very problem it is meant to solve.
Ghostly Effects: Orientalist Translation in Pound and the Yasusada Text
Authors: Twitchell-Waas Jeffrey 
Published: March 2012

AbstractT.S. Eliot famously remarked that Ezra Pound was "the inventor of Chinese poetry for our time." The nature of this invention is examined within the context of Pound's larger modernist project: his transformation of classical Chinese poetry into Imagist free verse and his projection of a vision of China as a utopian counter-image to the failure of the contemporary West. Although Pound clearly enough was consciously appropriating Chinese poetry according to his own poetic concerns, his particular solutions have had a pervasive impact in determining the look and sound of classical Oriental poetry in English ever since. The fundamental problem raised by this very influential tradition of poetic translation is the illusory desire for easy access to the foreign. In the early 1990s there began to appear the hoax texts purportedly by the previously unknown avant-garde Japanese poet Akiri Yasusada. Although a simulation rather than a translation proper, the Yasusada text will here be considered as a forceful questioning of the usual assumptions of translation's faithfulness and obligations to the foreign original. The elaborate construction of the Yasusada texts, including their initial public presentation as a hoax and the subsequent controversy, puts the reader in a disquieting and self-reflective position with respect to the desire for the authentic foreign.
Unionization in Singapore: A Social Psychological Study
Authors:   Chee Poh Lin, Wai David Wan Tai 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study examines the nature of collective action (unionisation) in the manufacturing sector in Singapore, using the social psychological analytical framework as proposed by Guest and Dewe (1988). It was found that among the four explanations of union joining, influence from colleagues emerged as the most important discriminator between members and non-members. This was followed by the costs and benefits of joining a union. Employee dissatisfaction as well as personal and job characteristics did contribute to the prediction of membership status but were of lesser significance. Implications of the findings highlighted the need to further our understanding of how group dynamics affect the unionisation process and how current recruitment strategies can be improved. With a sound appreciation of the demand for and supply of union services in Singapore, this will bring present membership growth to even newer heights.
Une autre intention pour Lv 24 Réponse à Leigh M. Trevaskis
Authors: Luciani Didier 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article is a response to the proposal of L. M. Trevaskis (VT 59 [2009], pp. 295-312). Taking into account the book of Leviticus as a whole, it suggests a different explanation to justify the location of chapter 24 in the canonical form of the book.
Human and Musical Sounds and Their Hearing Elsewhere as a Literary Device in the Biblical Narratives
Authors: Kalimi Isaac 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe biblical narrators utilize sounds of musical instruments and/or human voices being raised emotionally and their being heard someplace else as a literary tool and transitioning the reader from one place or group of people to another. The article discusses this literary tool as it appears in a number of narratives in the Hebrew Bible (namely, the Joseph Story, Ark Narrative, Throne Succession Narrative, Deuteronomistic and Chronistic histories, as well as the book of Ezra), and its effects.
Tense and Aspect of Hebrew Verbs in 2 Samuel 7: 8-16 —from the Point of View of Discourse Grammar—
Authors: Tsumura David Toshio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn Nathan’s second prophetic speech (2 Sam. 7:8-16), at first the flow of narrative discourse is carried on by the sequence of the verbal forms qtl—wayqtl—wayqtl (vs. 8b-9a) but, in v. 9b, the flow is changed, if not stopped, by the sequence w-qtl... w-qtl... See 1 Sam 17:38, 2 Sam 12:16. Vs. 9b-11a is what Longacre calls a “how-it was-done” procedural discourse and serves structurally as a transition from the Lord’s past dealings with David in vs. 8b-9a to his future dealings with David in vs. 12-16. Thus, vs. 8b-9a conveys a past fact, and how it was done is explained concretely by the “procedural” discourse in vs. 9b-11a. Such a narrative-procedural discourse with the sequence of verbal forms wayqtl. . . w-qtl can also be seen in 1 Sam 1:4, 7:15-16, 2 Sam 13:18, Job 1:5.
SOME NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF IRIDOVIRUS (IRIDOVIRUS, IRIDOVIRIDAE) IN TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS (ISOPODA, ONISCIDAE)
Authors: Berg  , Wijnhoven  
Published: March 2012

AbstractDuring an inventory of terrestrial isopods in the Ooypolder, east of Nijmegen, The Netherlands, terrestrial isopods infected with Isopod Iridescent Virus (IIV) or Iridovirus were collected. Trichoniscus pusillus was the most important host for Iridovirus; infected individuals and the focus of infection were found mainly between December and March. The symptoms and course of the disease, the route of infection, and the distribution of the virus are discussed. A number of isopod species, Hyloniscus riparius, Trichoniscoides helveticus, T. albidus, Androniscus dentiger, Haplophthalmus mengii, H. danicus, Oniscus asellus, and Porcellio spinicornis are added to the list of species known to be infected with Iridovirus. Au cours d'un inventaire des isopodes terrestres d'un polder (Ooypolder), a l'est de Nimegue, Pays-Bas, des isopodes terrestres infectes par l'iridovirus (Isopod Iridescent Virus (IIV)) ont ete recoltes. Trichoniscus pusillus etait l'hote le plus important pour l'iridovirus; des individus infectes et le foyer de l'infection ont ete trouves principalement entre decembre et mars. Les symptomes et le deroulement de la maladie, le chemin de l'infection et la repartition du virus sont discutes. Un certain nombre d'especes d'isopodes, Hyloniscus riparius, Trichoniscoides helveticus, T. albidus, Androniscus dentiger, Haplophthalmus mengii, H. danicus, Oniscus asellus et Porcellio spinicornis sont ajoutees a la liste des especes connues comme etant infectees par l'iridovirus.
SEX RATIOS OF TWO SPECIES OF SPIDER CRABS, LIBINIA DUBIA H. MILNE EDWARDS, 1834 AND L. EMARGINATA LEACH, 1815, IN THE AREA OF GREAT BAY, NEW JERSEY
Authors: Able Kenneth , Landau Matthew , O'Brien Susan Beth 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOver a 7 year period, Libinia emarginata and L. dubia were sampled in the Great Bay estuary (New Jersey) and the waters immediately adjacent to it, using a beam trawl and an otter trawl. At collection sites where L. emarginata was common, the average male: female ratio was 2.5 : 1. Males were also significantly larger than females. Pendant une periode de 7 ans, Libinia emarginata et L. dubia on ete echantillonnes dans l'estuaire de Great Bay (New Jersey) et dans les eaux adjacentes, en utilisant un chalut a perche et un chalut a panneaux. La ou L. emarginata etait commun, la ratio moyenne males: femelles etait 2.5 : 1. Les males etaient aussi, de facon significative, plus grands que les femelles.
ACANTHONYX FORMOSA, A NEW SPECIES OF SPIDER CRAB (DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, MAJIDAE) FROM SEAWEED BEDS IN TAIWAN
Authors: Yu Hsiang-Ping , Ng Peter , Wu Shu-Ho 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA new species of spider crab, Acanthonyx formosa, is described from seaweed beds in Taiwan. The species is allied to A. euryseroche Griffin & Tranter, 1986, from western Australia, but differs markedly in the proportions of the adult male rostrum, and in the structure of the hepatic tooth, the third maxilliped, the adult male chela, and the male first pleopod. Acanthonyx formosa is only the second species of Acanthonyx known from the Pacific, the other being A. simplex Dana, 1852, from Hawaii. Une nouvelle espece de crabe, Acanthonyx formosa, est decrite de lits d'algues, a Taiwan. L'espece est apparentee a A. euryseroche Griffin & Tranter, 1986, d'Australie occidentale, mais en differe nettement dans les proportions du rostre du male adulte, la structure de la dent hepatique, le troisieme maxillipede, la pince du male adulte et le premier pleopode male. Acanthonyx formosa n'est que la seconde espece du genre connue du Pacifique, la premiere etant A. simplex Dana, 1852, des Hawa.
Consistency in the Midst of Change: Class and Value Stability in Poland, 1988‐2003
Authors: Peoples Clayton D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPoland has undergone radical social change since 1989. Prior research shows that despite this change, the relationship between class and values in Poland remained stable through the early 1990s, and a similar pattern held in Ukraine as well. More recent work in Ukraine in the early 2000s suggests continuing stability in the class-values relationship, but we lack a similar update for Poland. This study examines Polish data 1988‐2003 and yields significant findings: There is considerable consistency in class and values in Poland into the early 2000s, both with regards to over-time stability in each as well as the relationship between the two. These findings add to mounting evidence concerning the strong, enduring impact of social structure on personality.
Le Capital Amoureux : Imaginary Wealth and Revolution in Jean Genet’s Prisoner of Love
Authors: Nguyen Duy Lap 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper explores the relationship between revolution and corruption in Jean Genet’s accounts of the Palestinian movement in his final work, Prisoner of Love. For Genet, corruption does not simply expose the actions of a revolutionary subject as an empty impersonation, performed for the actual ends of acquiring personal power and fortune. Rather, it exposes the ‘pretension’ inherent in the revolution it undermines as well as in the accumulation of value (for which the revolution is betrayed). For Genet, the misappropriation of money by the Palestinian leadership makes manifest the imaginary character of both devotion to a revolutionary cause and greed for the commodity-fetish (value). Corruption, in other words, betrays revolution as well as the ‘imaginary wealth and power’ which the ‘game of revolution’ attempts to destroy.