bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design hydrograph estimation in small and ungauged watersheds: continuous simulation method versus event‐based approach
Authors: Grimaldi S. , Petroselli A. , Serinaldi F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe proper assessment of design hydrographs and their main properties (peak, volume and duration) in small and ungauged basins is a key point of many hydrological applications. In general, two types of methods can be used to evaluate the design hydrograph: one approach is based on the statistics of storm events, while the other relies on continuously simulating rainfall‐runoff time series. In the first class of methods, the design hydrograph is obtained by applying a rainfall‐runoff model to a design hyetograph that synthesises the storm event. In the second approach, the design hydrograph is quantified by analysing long synthetic runoff time series that are obtained by transforming synthetic rainfall sequences through a rainfall‐runoff model. These simulation‐based procedures overcome some of the unrealistic hypotheses which characterize the event‐based approaches. In this paper, a simulation experiment is carried out to examine the differences between the two types of methods in terms of the design hydrograph's peak, volume and duration. The results conclude that the continuous simulation methods are preferable because the event‐based approaches tend to underestimate the hydrograph's volume and duration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stream nitrate uptake and transient storage over a gradient of geomorphic complexity, north‐central Colorado, USA
Authors: Baker Daniel W. , Bledsoe Brian P. , Price Jennifer Mueller 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe understanding of nutrient uptake in streams is impeded by a limited understanding of how geomorphic setting and flow regime interact with biogeochemical processing. This study investigated these interactions as they relate to transient storage and nitrate uptake in small agricultural and urban streams. Sites were selected across a gradient of channel conditions and management modifications and included three 180‐m long geomorphically distinct reaches on each of two streams in north‐central Colorado. The agricultural stream has been subject to historically variable cattle‐grazing practices, and the urban stream exhibits various levels of stabilisation and planform alteration. Reach‐scale geomorphic complexity was characterised using highly detailed surveys of channel morphology, substrate, hydraulics and habitat units. Breakthrough‐curve modelling of conservative bromide (Br−) and nonconservative nitrate (NO3−) tracer injections characterised transient storage and nitrate uptake along each reach. Longitudinal roughness and flow depth were positively associated with transient storage, which was related to nitrate uptake, thus underscoring the importance of geomorphic influences on stream biogeochemical processes. In addition, changes in geomorphic characteristics due to temporal discharge variation led to complex responses in nitrate uptake. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The music of containment: Addressing the participants in mother–infant psychoanalytic treatment
Authors: Salomonsson Björn 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe author discusses the psychoanalyst's approach in mother–infant treatments. Emphasis is given to the infant as an important, though often neglected, addressee. A clinical example is used in which a telephone call during a prior session triggered fretting in a 3‐month‐old girl and distress in her mother. It is suggested that in the session, nonverbal levels of the interventions reached the girl and contained her, and that this containment worked along similar lines as the communicative musicality between mother and baby. In the discussion, the psychoanalytic concept of containment (Bion, 1962) is linked with the concept of communicative musicality (Trevarthen & Aitken, 2001). The mother's need for containment also is emphasized, and the therapist must be on alert when it is essential to focus on either participant in the therapy room. This choice is guided both by explicit deliberations and by the unconscious countertransference. However, the therapist's wish to grasp the countertransference is countered by his or her unwillingness of being reminded of feelings of infantile helplessness. Similarly, when the mother's conscious and unconscious messages diverge, the baby's ability to receive her caretaking is compromised. In the article's clinical case, this happened when the mother tried to soothe her daughter while being preoccupied with anger at the therapist to an extent to which she was not fully aware.
Brief interventions with parents, infants, and young children: A framework for thinking
Authors: Emanuel Louise 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this article, I give an overview of the “Brief Intervention Model of work with Under Fives,'' focusing on ways in which observational skills, awareness of transference and countertransference phenomena, and addressing the underlying feelings thereby conveyed, can facilitate understanding and change. Two clinical vignettes illustrate the application of psychoanalytic thinking to work with the Under Fives Model and the fluctuating shifts of attention involved in trying to understand the meaning of what is being expressed. This includes the use of the clinicians' own emotional experience to work out “what the matter can be” (Emanuel & Bradley, 2008).
Focusing the lens: The infant's point of view. Discussion of “Brief interventions with parents, infants, and young children: A Framework for thinking”
Authors: Jordan Brigid 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis is a discussion of the article “Brief Interventions With Parents, Infants, and Young Children: A Framework for Thinking by Louise Emmanuel.” Questions of symptom formation, the difference between a defense and developmental phenomena, and different therapeutic techniques are explored from the perspective of The Baby as Subject (an infant–parent psychotherapy approach developed at the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia). The relationship between feeding difficulties and the dynamics of the infant–parent attachment relationship are discussed with reference to whether the infant's apparent self‐sufficiency is interpersonally generated and whether bids for autonomy are a sign of healthy, age‐appropriate developmental drives at play. The use of representational toys in infant–parent psychotherapy to enable infants and toddlers to represent their experience or for the therapist to visually express what he or she understands the infant's experience to be and thus to work directly with the infant's representations is outlined. In addition to the linguistic content of verbal interpretations, the infant is receptive to the experience of another thinking mind and the emotional language, facial expressions, and gestures that also convey to the baby the experience of being understood or misunderstood.
Intolerance of uncertainty, depression, and anxiety: the moderating and mediating roles of rumination
Authors: Liao Kelly Yu‐Hsin , Wei Meifen 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives: This study examined rumination as a moderator and mediator between intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and depression and anxiety symptoms. Designs: The study was a cross sectional study. Survey data were collected from 332 undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university. Results: The results from hierarchical analyses supported the moderator role of rumination. A high level of rumination enhanced the association between IU and depression symptoms. In addition, both high and low levels of rumination strengthened the relation between IU and anxiety symptoms. Results from structural equation modeling analyses indicated that rumination fully mediated the relation between IU and depression symptoms, but only partially mediated the association between IU and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: The results supported rumination as a moderator and mediator in the association between IU and depression and anxiety symptoms. Future research and practical implications are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–20, 2011.
Health literacy and medication understanding among hospitalized adults
Authors: Marvanova Marketa , Roumie Christianne L. , Eden Svetlana K. , Cawthon Courtney , Schnipper Jeffrey L. , Kripalani Sunil 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients' ability to accurately report their preadmission medications is a vital aspect of medication reconciliation, and may affect subsequent medication adherence and safety. Little is known about predictors of preadmission medication understanding.METHODS:We conducted a cross‐sectional evaluation of patients at 2 hospitals using a novel Medication Understanding Questionnaire (MUQ). MUQ scores range from 0 to 3 and test knowledge of the medication purpose, dose, and frequency. We used multivariable ordinal regression to determine predictors of higher MUQ scores.RESULTS:Among the 790 eligible patients, the median age was 61 (interquartile range [IQR] 52, 71), 21% had marginal or inadequate health literacy, and the median number of medications was 8 (IQR 5, 11). Median MUQ score was 2.5 (IQR 2.2, 2.8). Patients with marginal or inadequate health literacy had a lower odds of understanding their medications (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.84; P = 0.0001; and OR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.78; P = 0.0001; respectively), compared to patients with adequate health literacy. Higher number of prescription medications was associated with lower MUQ scores (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.75; for those using 6 medications vs 1; P = 0.0019), as was impaired cognitive function (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.86; P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Lower health literacy, lower cognitive function, and higher number of medications each were independently associated with less understanding of the preadmission medication regimen. Clinicians should be aware of these factors when considering the accuracy of patient‐reported medication regimens, and counseling patients about safe and effective medication use. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011;. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infections among hemodialysis patients in Khartoum, Sudan
Authors: Gasim Gasim I. , Hamdan Hamdan Z. , Hamdan Sumaia Z. , Adam Ishag 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is important for health planners and service providers. A cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors for markers of HBV (HBsAg) and anti‐HCV among hemodialysis patients at the Ahmed Gasim hemodialysis unit, Sudan. Structured questionnaires were used to obtain socio‐demographic data and sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV). Of the 353 patients enrolled in the study, HBsAg and anti‐HCV were detected in 16 (4.5%) and 30 (8.5%) patients, respectively. None of the patients were co‐infected with HBV and HCV. Multivariate analysis showed that duration of dialysis was significantly associated with anti‐HCV seropositivity [OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.2–1.3; P = 0.024]. No other socio‐demographic or clinical characteristics (age, sex, level of education, history of surgery, and number of units of blood transfused) were significantly associated with HBsAg or anti‐HCV seropositivity. The results of this study suggest that HBsAg and anti‐HCV have low prevalence among hemodialysis patients in Khartoum. Longer duration of dialysis was a risk factor for anti‐HCV. J. Med. Virol. 84:52–55, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotypic assay of a hepatitis B virus strain carrying an rtS246T variant using a new strategy
Authors: Hu Jie‐li , Cui Jing , Guo Jin‐jun , Zhang Wen‐lu , Cai Xue‐fei , Yuan Zuo‐wei , Li Qing‐ling , Deng Xiao‐yan , Zeng Ai‐zhong , Hu Yuan , Tang Ni , Huang Ai‐long 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPhenotypic assays of hepatitis B virus (HBV) play an important role in research related to the problem of drug resistance that emerges during long‐term nucleot(s)ide therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Most of the phenotypic assay systems that are available currently rely on the transfection of recombinant replication‐competent HBV DNA into hepatoma cell lines. Cloning clinical HBV isolates using conventional digestion‐and‐ligation techniques to generate replication‐competent recombinants can be very difficult because of the sequence heterogeneity and unique structure of the HBV genome. In this study, a new strategy for constructing an HBV 1.1× recombinant was developed. The core of this strategy is the “fragment substitution reaction” (FSR). FSR allows PCR fragments to be cloned without digestion or ligation, providing a new tool for cloning fragments or genomes amplified from serum HBV DNA, and therefore making the assay of HBV phenotypes more convenient. Using this strategy, a phenotypic assay was performed on an HBV strain carrying an rtS246T variant isolated from a patient with chronic hepatitis B that was only responsive partially to entecavir therapy. The results indicated that this strain is sensitive to entecavir in vitro. J. Med. Virol. 84:34–43, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adenovirus isolation rates in acute flaccid paralysis patients
Authors: Ivanova Olga E. , Yurashko Olga V. , Eremeeva Tatiana P. , Baikova Olga Yu. , Morozova Nadezhda S. , Lukashev Alexander N. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAdenoviruses usually cause asymptomatic or mild infection, but occasionally they produce various severe syndromes including neurological disorders. Association of adenovirus infection with acute flaccid paralysis has been investigated. Shedding of adenovirus with feces was detected in 1.05% of young children (mostly infants) with acute flaccid paralysis syndrome versus 0.42% in healthy contact children (P < 0.01). However, 85% of adenoviruses in the pediatric AFP patients belonged to HAdV‐C species, which does not have a known neuropathogenic potential. Also, 40% of adenoviruses were isolated from patients with consequently established diagnosis of traumatic neuritis at the discharge, which was not compatible with virus ethology of neurological lesions. Higher adenovirus prevalence in young neurological patients could be affected by an underlying immune deficiency or by congestion in children's hospitals. Indeed, among 70 patients (40 infants, 30 adults) with primary immune deficiencies, asymptomatic shedding of adenoviruses was found in 10–17%; in one adult patient a mixture of HAdV‐C2 and HAdV‐D15 persisted for several months. Adenoviruses also could be detected in feces of 12% and 57% of healthy young children from two orphanages, respectively. A significant fraction of samples in these groups contained adenovirus mixtures. Therefore, immune deficiencies and congested groups in children's facilities (orphanages and hospitals) could affect significantly the prevalence of adenovirus shedding. The role of adenoviruses in AFP requires further study. J. Med. Virol. 84:75–80, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of berberine on hippocampal neuronal damage and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity following transient global cerebral ischemia
Authors: Hong Jeong‐Seok , Chu Yeun‐Kyung , Lee Hyung , Ahn Byung‐Hoon , Park Jae‐Hyung , Kim Mi‐Jung , Lee Sunghye , Ryoo Ho‐Sang , Jang Jung‐Hee , Lee Seong‐Ryong , Park Jong‐Wook 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBerberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid with a long history of use in Chinese medicine, has several important pharmacological effects. Several studies have revealed that berberine has neuroprotective and neuropsychiatric effects. However, there are few reports regarding the protective effect of berberine against neuronal damage following transient global cerebral ischemia. In this study, mice were subjected to 20 min of global brain ischemia and sacrificed 72 hr later. Berberine was administered for 7 days prior to ischemia and daily until sacrifice. Mice treated with berberine showed reduced matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) activity. Berberine inhibited gelatinase activity directly in in situ zymography and reduced neuronal damage following global ischemia. Laminin expression and NeuN expression were markedly reduced in CA1 and CA2 areas after ischemia, and berberine reduced the laminin degradation and neuronal loss. In the TUNEL assay, damaged neurons were also apparent in the CA1 and CA2 areas, and berberine reduced TUNEL‐positive cells. These data demonstrate that berberine, a plant alkaloid, may protect from hippocampal neuronal damage following transient global ischemia by reducing MMP‐9 activity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of neurotransmitter release in orexin/hypocretin‐2 receptor knockout mice: A microdialysis study
Authors: Ortega Jorge E. , Katner Jason , Davis Richard , Wade Mark , Nisenbaum Laura , Nomikos George G. , Svensson Kjell A. , Perry Kenneth W. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOrexinergic neurons are discretely localized within the lateral hypothalamus and have widespread projections to the whole brain. Here, the role of orexin/hypocretin‐2 receptors (OX2) in modulating extracellular concentrations of neurotransmitters was evaluated in the hypothalamus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of OX2 knockout (KO) mice by using a microdialysis technique. In the hypothalamus, basal concentrations of norephinephrine (NE), acetylcholine (ACh), and histamine (Hist) were significantly higher in KO mice, whereas KCl perfusion (147 mM) resulted in significantly lesser increases in NE, ACh, and Hist release in KO compared with wild‐type (WT) mice. No differences in basal concentrations or evoked release of serotonin (5‐HT) or dopamine (DA) were found in the hypothalamus between genotypes. In the PFC, no differences in the basal concentrations of the studied neurotransmitters were found between genotypes. After KCl perfusion, significantly higher increases in NE, 5‐HT, and DA release were found in KO compared with WT mice. No differences in the evoked release of ACh and Hist in the PFC were found between genotypes. The present results demonstrate that genetic deletion of OX2 receptors differentially modulates extracellular concentrations of distinct neurotransmitters in the somatodendritic region vs. a nerve terminal region of the orexinergic neurons. In the hypothalamus, an inhibitory role of the OX2 receptors in modulating basal concentrations of NE, ACh, and Hist was revealed, which probably accounts for the reduced responsiveness to KCl as well. In the PFC, the evoked release of the monoamines NE, 5‐HT, and DA seems to be controlled negatively by OX2 receptors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioresolution of benzyl glycidyl ether using whole cells of Bacillus alcalophilus
Authors: Bala Neeraj , Kaur Kirandeep , Chimni Swapandeep Singh , Saini Harvinder Singh , Kanwar Shamsher Singh 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe incubation of whole Bacillus alcalophilus cells grown on a mineral supplemented medium (MSM) containing 1% (w/v) sucrose as carbon source, 1.2% (w/v) tryptone as nitrogen source at pH 6.5 and temperature 30 °C in 24 h kinetically resolved benzyl glycidyl ether (1 mg/ml) to provide (S)‐benzyl glycidyl ether with 30% ee and (R)‐3‐benzyloxypropane‐1,2‐diol with 40% ee. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of long‐term fertilization on the diversity of bacterial mercuric reductase gene in a Chinese upland soil
Authors: Liu Yu‐Rong , He Ji‐Zheng , Zhang Li‐Mei , Zheng Yuan‐Ming 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSoil mercury (Hg) pollution has received considerable attention due to its neurotoxin effects and its potential risk to food safety. The microbial transformation of Hg plays a key role in reducing Hg toxicity by the mercuric reductase (MerA) conferred by genes arranged in the mer operon. This study investigated the effects of long‐term fertilization on the diversity of bacterial mercuric reductase gene (merA), which specify the reduction of ionic Hg2+ to the volatile elemental form Hg0, in an agricultural soil with relatively high Hg content. The soil samples were collected from different treatments, including control without fertilizer (CK), fertilizer nitrogen (N), combined fertilizers (NPK) of N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and NPK plus organic manure (NPK + OM). The merA gene diversity patterns were analyzed based on the merA clone libraries and sequencing measurements. Results showed that the merA gene diversity was influenced by soil variables depending on the fertilization practices. In particular, NH4+ and NO3– contents had strong effect on the merA gene diversity pattern both in the N and NPK treatments, whereas the merA gene diversity pattern in NPK + OM treatment was distinctly influenced by the contents of organic matter, available P and K. These results suggested that long‐term fertilization had significant influences on merA gene diversity, which could be helpful to understand the Hg reduction process and potentially serve microbial remediation of Hg contaminated soil. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Branched polyethyleneimine‐bonded tentacle‐type polymer stationary phase for peptides and proteins separations by open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Yang Juan , Liu Shaofeng , Lin Xucong , Xie Zenghong 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA novel tentacle‐type polymer stationary phase covalently modified with branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) was developed for peptides and proteins separations by open‐tubular CEC (OT‐CEC). The preparation procedure included the silanization of capillary inner wall, in situ graft polymerization and PEI functionalization. A wrinkly polymer surface of multitudinous steric amine groups was evenly formed on the capillary inner wall, and anodic EOF could be gained within a wide pH range of 2.5–7.5. The electroosmotic mobility was examined for its dependence on pH as well as PEI concentrations. Good repeatability was gained with RSD for the migration time of EOF marker within 4.8% and satisfactory chemical stability was validated. Due to the existence of amine groups on the surface of tentacle‐type polymer stationary phase, the silanol effect that occurs between the positively charged biomolecules and the silanols of the capillary column was greatly suppressed. Compared with a monolayer‐coating capillary, seven enkephalin‐related peptides were well resolved on the PEI‐bonded column with high efficiencies. Favorable separations of peptides and proteins with high column efficiencies were obtained in 144 000–189 000 and 97 000–170 000 plates/m. Branched PEI‐bonded tentacle‐type polymer stationary phase has been proven to afford satisfactory retention and resolution of peptides and proteins.
Preparative isolation and purification of senkyunolide‐I, senkyunolide‐H and ferulic acid from Rhizoma Chuanxiong using counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Wei Yun , Hu Jia , Li Hao , Liu Jiangang 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThree active compounds, senkyunolide‐I, senkyunolide‐H and ferulic acid (FA), were successfully isolated and purified from the extracts of Rhizoma Chuanxiong by counter‐current chromatography (CCC). Based on the principle of the partition coefficient values (k) for target compounds and the separation factor (α) between target compounds, the two‐phase solvent system that contains n‐hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water at an optimized volume ratio of 3:7:4:6 v/v was selected for the CCC separation, and the lower phase was employed as the mobile phase in the head‐to‐tail elution mode. In a single run, 400 mg of the crude extract yielded pure senkyunolide‐I (6.4 mg), senkyunolide‐H (1.7 mg) and FA (4.4 mg) with the purities of 98, 93 and 99%, respectively. The CCC fractions were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography, and the structures of the three active compounds were identified by MS and 1H NMR.