bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Channel Boundaries in Silos
Authors: Yang Y. , Rotter M. , Ooi J. , Wang Y. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe critical slip planes at the silo filling state are compared with the flow channel boundary during silo discharge for semi‐mass flows. The static critical slip planes are determined by using the dynamic programming method based on the stress field of granular solids stored in silos at the filling state. The flow channel boundary is estimated through the finite element analysis of the silo discharge. The results indicate that the critical slip line lies above the flow channel boundary. This characteristic can be attributed to the changeover of major principal stress directions of granular solids from the silo filling to the silo discharge. The analysis demonstrates that the silo wall friction tends to lift up the critical slip plane and flow boundary. A simple correlation is developed between the positions of critical slip planes and flow boundaries and is experimentally verified.
Preparation, Structure, and Ethylene (Co)Polymerization Behavior of Group IV Metal Complexes with an [OSSO]‐Carborane Ligand
Authors: Hu Ping , Wang Jian‐Qiang , Wang Fosong , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of Group IV metal complexes that contain a tetradentate dianionic [OSSO]‐carborane ligand [(HOC6H2tBu2‐4,6)2(CH2)2S2C2(B10H10)] (1 a) is described. Reactions of TiCl4 and Ti(OiPr)4 with the [OSSO]‐type ligand 1 a afford six‐coordinated titanium complex [Ti(OC6H2tBu2‐4,6)2(CH2)2S2C2(B10H10)Cl2] (2 a) and four‐coordinated titanium complex [Ti(OC6H2tBu2‐4,6)2(CH2)2S2C2(B10H10)(OiPr)2] (2 b), respectively. ZrCl4 and HfCl4 were treated with 1 a to give six‐coordinated zirconium complex [Zr(OC6H2tBu2‐4,6)2(CH2)2S2C2(B10H10)Cl2(thf)2] (2 c) and six‐coordinated hafnium complex [Hf(OC6H2tBu2‐4,6)2(CH2)2S2C2(B10H10)Cl2] (2 d). All the complexes were fully characterized by IR, NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. In addition, X‐ray structure analyses were performed on complexes 2 a and 2 b and reveal the expected different coordination geometry due to steric hindrance effects. Extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy was performed on complexes 2 c and 2 d to describe the coordination chemistry of this ligand around Zr and Hf. Six‐coordinated titanium complex 2 a showed good activity toward ethylene polymerization as well as toward copolymerization of ethylene with 1‐hexene in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst (up to 1060 kg [mol (Ti)]−1 h−1 in the case of 10 atm of ethylene pressure).
Synthesis and enantiopreferential DNA‐binding profile of late 3d transition metal R‐ and S‐enantiomeric complexes derived from N,N‐bis‐(1‐benzyl‐2‐ethoxyethane): Validation of R‐enantiomer of copper(II) complex as a human topoisomerase II inhibitor
Authors: Arjmand Farukh , Sharma Girish Chandra , Muddassir Mohd. , Tabassum Sartaj 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTo evaluate the biological preference of chiral drug candidates for molecular target DNA, new potential metal‐based chemotherapeutic agents 1, 1a, 1b, 2, 2a, 2b, 3, 3a, 3b of late 3d transition metals Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), respectively, derived from (R)‐ and (S)‐2‐amino‐2‐phenylethanol with CH2CH2 linker were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Interaction studies of 1, 1a, 1b, 2, 2a, 2b, 3, 3a, 3b with calf thymus DNA in Tris buffer were studied by electronic absorption titrations, luminescence titrations, cyclic voltammetry, and circular dichroism. The results reveal that the extent of DNA binding of R‐enantiomer of copper 1a was highest in comparison to rest of the complexes via electrostatic interaction mode. The nuclease activity of 1a, 1b with supercoiled pBR322 DNA was further examined by gel electrophoresis, which reveals that complex 1a exhibits a remarkable DNA cleavage activity (concentration dependent) with pBR322DNA, and the cleavage activity of both enantiomers of complex 1 was significantly enhanced in the presence of activators. The activating efficiency follows the order Asc > H2O2 > MPA for 1a, and reverse order was observed for 1b, because of the differences in enantioselectivity and conformation. Further, it was observed that cleavage reaction involves singlet oxygen species and superoxide radicals via oxidative cleavage mechanism. In addition, complex 1a exhibits significant inhibitory effects on the topoisomerase II (topo II) activity at a very low concentration ∼24 μM, which suggest that complex 1a is indeed catalytic inhibitor or (poison) of human topo II. Chirality 2011 © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Criteria for Assessing Safety Inspections
Authors: Hauptmanns Ulrich 
Published: June 2011

AbstractEs werden Methoden zur Abschätzung des Gefahrenpotenzials unterschiedlicher technischer Anlagen vorgestellt, die einen Vergleich ohne detaillierte anlagentechnische Untersuchung erlauben. Grundlage sind dabei die in den Anlagen vorhandenen Energieinhalte. Sofern Energien mit unterschiedlichen Wirkmechanismen, z. B. Druckwelle und Wärmestrahlung, zu vergleichen sind, wird die Probit‐Methode herangezogen. Zudem wird die erwartete Eintrittshäufigkeit in das Kalkül einbezogen. Dieser Ansatz wird bereits in einigen Nachbarländern verwendet und in Deutschland in Zukunft an Bedeutung gewinnen. Im Falle von Aufzügen wird das Räuber‐Beute Modell zur Beurteilung der zeitlichen Unfallverläufe herangezogen. Der Einfluss von Fehlern bei Prüfvorgängen und Instandhaltung wird durch Vergleich mit der SIL‐Klassifizierung verdeutlicht.
Die Firma Leopold Cassella & Co.
Authors: Vollmann Hansjörg W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAus der in der Frankfurter Judengasse entstandenen Handelsfirma Leopold Cassella entstand durch das geschickte Zusammenwirken des Familienverbandes Cassella‐Gans‐Weinberg ein international tätiges Unternehmen für den Vertrieb von Naturfarbstoffen. Nach der Entdeckung der ersten synthetischen Farbstoffe gründeten die Eigentümer 1870 eine Farbenfabrik, die durch Auswertung und Anwendung der Naphthalinchemie bis zur Jahrhundertwende 1900 zur größten und profitabelsten Azofarbenfabrik der Welt aufstieg. Nach dem Zusammenschluss der deutschen Chemieindustrie zur IG‐Farbenindustrie AG 1925 wurde die Leopold Cassella & Co. GmbH bis zur Arisierung durch die Nationalsozialisten – unter denen die jüdischen Eigentümerfamilien erheblich zu leiden hatten – 1938 als rechtlich selbständiges Unternehmen in diesem Verbund geführt. Aus der Zerschlagung der IG‐Farbenindustrie nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg ging Cassella als eigenständige Aktiengesellschaft hervor, die 1970 mehrheitlich von der Hoechst AG übernommen und 1995 – kurz vor der Auflösung der Mutterfirma – eingegliedert wurde. Nach einem kurzen Zwischenspiel als Mitglied der schweizer Firma Clariant wird das Unternehmen von Privatinvestoren als AllessaChemie GmbH weitergeführt und feiert am 1. Juli 2011 sein 10jähriges Bestehen.
Impact of race on biochemical disease recurrence after prostate brachytherapy
Authors: Yamoah Kosj , Stone Nelson , Stock Richard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Understanding racial differences in disease presentation and response to therapy is necessary for the effective treatment and control of prostate cancer. In this study, the authors examined the influence of race on biochemical disease‐free survival (BDFS) among men who received prostate brachytherapy.METHODS:In total, 2301 men were identified who had a minimum follow‐up of 24 months and had received low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer at the Mount Sinai Medical Center from June 1990 to October 2008. Patient factors, with specific emphasis on patient race, were analyzed with respect to freedom from biochemical failure (FFbF). Kaplan‐Meier analyses, life‐tables, and log‐rank tests were used to identify variables that were predictive of 10‐year FFbF.RESULTS:In this series, a total of 2268 patients included 81% Caucasians, 12% African Americans, 6% Hispanics, and 1% Asians. The 10‐year actuarial FFbF rate was 70% for AA men and 84% for all others (P = .002). Between Caucasian men and AA men, the 10‐year FFbF rate was 83% versus 70%, respectively (P = .001).There was no significant difference in 10‐year FFbF between Caucasian men and Hispanic men (83% vs 86%, respectively; P = .6). The 10‐year FFbF rate for Hispanic men and AA men was 86% versus 70%, respectively (P = .062). A greater percentage of AA men presented with higher prostate‐specific antigen levels (PSA) (>10 ng/mL; 44% vs 21%; P < .001) and, thus, with higher risk disease (24% vs 15%; P < .001) compared with Caucasian men. Among the men with low‐risk disease, the 10‐year FFbF rate was 90% for Caucasian men and 76% for AA men (P = .041). The 10‐year BDFS rate for patients who received brachytherapy alone was 86% for Caucasian men and 61% for AA men (P = .001); however, this difference was not observed when brachytherapy was combined with androgen‐deprivation therapy(ADT) with or without supplemental external‐beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Multivariate analysis revealed that PSA (P = .024), Gleason score (P < .001), the biologic effective dose (P < .001), EBRT (P = .002), ADT (P = .03), and AA race (P = .037) were significant predictors of 10‐year FFbF. No significant differences was observed in overall survival, cause‐specific survival, or distant metastasis‐free survival between racial groups.CONCLUSIONS:AA race appeared to be an independent negative predictor of BDFS after prostate brachytherapy, and this result may highlight the need for more aggressive therapy in this patient population. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Do radiation use disparities influence survival in patients with advanced breast cancer?
Authors: Martinez Steve R. , Tseng Warren H. , Canter Robert J. , Chen Allen M. , Chen Steven L. , Bold Richard J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors previously identified racial/ethnic disparities in the use of radiation therapy (RT) in patients with advanced breast cancer (BC). They hypothesized that disparities in the use of RT were associated with survival differences favoring white patients.METHODS:The authors used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify white, black, Hispanic, and Asian patients with BC associated with ≥10 metastatic lymph nodes diagnosed between 1988 and 2005. Multivariate analyses of overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) assessed age, sex, race, tumor size, histology, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, RT, and type of surgery. The authors further stratified for use of RT and type of surgery. Risk of mortality was reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTS:Of 15,895 patients with advanced BC, 12,653 met entry criteria. On multivariate analysis, RT was associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause (HR, 0.78; 95% CI 0.74‐0.83; P < .001) and disease‐specific (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76‐0.86; P < .001) mortality; black race was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.42‐1.68; P < .001) and disease‐specific (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.39‐1.68; P < .001) mortality. After stratifying by type of surgery and use of RT, blacks demonstrated poorer survival than their white counterparts, regardless of surgery type or receipt of RT.CONCLUSIONS:Only black patients had poorer OS and DSS relative to whites. When stratified by type of surgery and use of RT, blacks continued to demonstrate poorer survival. This survival disparity is unlikely to be because of lack of RT. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among 9‐ to 17‐year‐old girls
Authors: Wong Charlene A. , Berkowitz Zahava , Dorell Christina G. , Anhang Price Rebecca , Lee Jennifer , Saraiya Mona 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Since 2006, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been routinely recommended for preadolescent and adolescent girls in the United States. Depending on uptake patterns, HPV vaccine could reduce existing disparities in cervical cancer.METHODS:HPV vaccination status and reasons for not vaccinating were assessed using data from the 2008 National Health Interview Survey. Households with a girl aged 9‐17 years were included (N = 2205). Sociodemographic factors and health behaviors associated with vaccine uptake were assessed using multivariate logistic regression.RESULTS:Overall, 2.8% of 9‐ to 10‐year‐olds, 14.7% of 11‐ to 12‐year‐olds, and 25.4% of 13‐ to 17‐year‐olds received at least 1 dose of HPV vaccine; 5.5% of 11‐ to 12‐year‐olds and 10.7% of 13‐ to 17‐year‐olds received all 3 doses. Factors associated with higher uptake in multivariate analysis included less than high school parental education, well‐child check and influenza shot in the past year, and parental familiarity with HPV vaccine. Parents' primary reasons for not vaccinating were beliefs that their daughters did not need vaccination, that their daughters were not sexually active, or had insufficient vaccine knowledge. More parents with private insurance (58.0%) than public (39.8%) or no insurance (39.5%) would pay $360‐$500 to vaccinate their daughters.CONCLUSIONS:Less than one quarter of girls aged 9‐17 years had initiated HPV vaccination by the end of 2008. Efforts to increase HPV uptake should focus on girls in the target age group, encourage providers to educate parents, and promote access to reduced‐cost vaccines. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Pseudo‐time‐coupled nonlinear models for biomolecular surface representation and solvation analysis
Authors: Zhao Shan 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThis paper presents an improved mathematical model for biomolecular surface representation and solvation analysis. Based on the Eulerian formulation, the polar and nonpolar contributions to the solvation process can be equally accounted for via a unified free energy functional. Using the variational analysis, two nonlinear partial differential equations, that is, one Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) type equation for electrostatic potential and one geometric flow type equation defining the solute–solvent interface, can be derived. To achieve a more efficient and stable coupling, we propose a time‐dependent PB equation by introducing a pseudo‐time. The system of nonlinear partial differential equations can then be coupled via the standard time integration. Furthermore, the numerical treatment of nonlinear terms becomes easier in the present model. Based on a hypersurface function, the biomolecular surface is represented as a smooth interface. However, for the nonlinear PB equation, such a smooth interface may cause unphysical blowup because of the existence of nonvanishing values within the solute domain. A filtering process is proposed to circumvent this problem. Example solvation analysis of various compounds and proteins was carried out to validate the proposed model. The contributions of electrostatic interactions to the protein–protein binding affinity are studied for selected protein complexes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ X‐Ray Spectromicroscopy Investigation of the Material Stability of SOFC Metal Interconnects in Operating Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Bozzini Benedetto , Tondo Elisabetta , Prasciolu Mauro , Amati Matteo , Abyaneh Majid Kazemian , Gregoratti Luca , Kiskinova Maya 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe present in situ study of electrochemically induced processes occurring in Cr/Ni bilayers in contact with a YSZ electrolyte aims at a molecular‐level understanding of the fundamental aspects related to the durability of metallic interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The results demonstrate the potential of scanning photoelectron microspectroscopy and imaging to follow in situ the evolution of the chemical states and lateral distributions of the constituent elements (Ni, Cr, Zr, and Y) as a function of applied cathodic potential in a cell working at 650 °C in 10−6 mbar O2 ambient conditions. The most interesting findings are the temperature‐induced and potential‐dependent diffusion of Ni and Cr, and the oxidation–reduction processes resulting in specific morphology–composition changes in the Ni, Cr, and YSZ areas.
Forward light scatter is a simple measure of T‐cell activation and proliferation but is not universally suited for doublet discrimination
Authors: Böhmer Ralph M. , Bandala‐Sanchez Esther , Harrison Leonard C. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractFollowing activation by antigen, T cells enter the cell cycle in stages that can be defined with flow cytometric markers. We show that these markers include the increase of forward light scatter width (FSC‐W) signal and the ratio of FSC area/peak. This change in light scatter precedes the first cell division and may reflect blast transformation. We show that the FSC‐W parameter can be used, alone or in combination with other activation markers, to monitor the relative and absolute numbers of T cells responding to a proliferative stimulus. In contrast to dye dilution assays, the FSC‐W method does not allow discrimination between consecutive cell divisions, but it has several advantages and could complement the dye dilution assay. Our findings also show that the routine elimination of doublets based on FSC signals may exclude proliferating T cells from the analysis. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
International Neuropathy Workshop of 2009: Introduction to the final reports
Authors: Boulton Andrew J. M. , Valensi Paul , Tesfaye Solomon 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNeuropathies are amongst the most common of the long‐term complications of diabetes, affecting up to 50% of patients. Their clinical features vary immensely and patients may present with a wide spectrum of specialties, from neurology to urology, for example, or from cardiology to podiatry. Neuropathies are typically characterized by a progressive loss of nerve fibres which may affect both of the principal divisions of the peripheral nervous system. The epidemiology and natural history of the diabetic neuropathies remain poorly defined.The International Consensus Workshop in Toronto in 2009 arose from the fact that at the moment there are no clear, universally accepted guidelines regarding the definition of diabetic neuropathies. This has resulted in a massive variation in how neuropathy is diagnosed in different centres and countries. A preliminary summary report of the Toronto meeting was published in 2010. The series of papers published in this issue of Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews are the detailed reports that came from each sub‐group of this Consensus panel. These reviews cover the problems with definitions and classification of neuropathy, the management of painful neuropathy and then the sub‐group of small fibre neuropathies. There are also 3 papers on the autonomic neuropathies, covering cardiovascular autonomic neuropathies, as well as other areas of the autonomic neuropathies including gastrointestinal, urogenital and pseudomotor neuropathies. This series of papers will give the reader detailed information on the diverse aspects of diabetic neuropathies, their measurement and management, and will also assist in the selection of appropriate measures of both autonomic and somatic nerve function in clinical trials. This is clearly work in progress as diagnostic criteria for diabetic neuropathies are likely to evolve with developments in the field. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propellers and Planes: Phosphorescent PtII σ‐Acetylides from Polyaromatic Ligands
Authors: Nolan Deanne , Gil Belén , Murphy Frances A. , Draper Sylvia M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article details the preparation, photophysical and electrochemical investigation of four novel polyaromatic square‐planar platinum(II) bis(acetylide) complexes, incorporating either a planar hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (L2) or its uncyclised ethynyl‐hexaphenylbenzene precursor (L1). Complexes in both cis and trans geometries (cis‐[Pt(L)2(dppe)] [C1, C2; dppe = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane] and trans‐[Pt(L)2(PPh3)2] (T1, T2) were successfully prepared and fully characterised. The low‐energy bands of the UV/Vis absorption spectra for the uncyclised family (L1, C1, T1) and for the cyclised family (L2, C2, T2) exhibit a redshift in the order trans > cis > ligand, indicating enhanced π‐conjugation along the molecular axis in trans configuration. Each PtII complex is dual luminescent and possesses a high‐energy ligand‐centred fluorescence and a lower energy emission with significant phosphorescent character facilitated by the high spin‐orbit coupling of the heavy platinum metal centre. Notably, cis‐ and trans‐L2 complexes exhibit remarkably long lifetimes in degassed CH2Cl2 at room temperature (trans: 30.9 μs; cis: 18.3 μs) for sharp phosphorescence at λ = 578 nm.
2‐ and 3‐Monohalogenated BODIPY Dyes and Their Functionalized Analogues: Synthesis and Spectroscopy
Authors: Leen Volker , Leemans Tom , Boens Noël , Dehaen Wim 
Published: June 2011

AbstractStarting from appropriately halogenated acylpyrroles, a wide range of reactive 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) derivatives can be obtained. The fluorescent dyes display excellent reactivity in nucleophilic aromatic substitution, transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling and copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition to azides (click chemistry). The spectral properties of the starting and final difluoroboron dipyrromethenes are discussed as a function of their structure.
Catalytic Enantioselective Oxidation of Bulky Alkyl Aryl Thioethers with H2O2 over Titanium–Salan Catalysts
Authors: Bryliakov Konstantin P. , Talsi Evgenii P. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA simple and efficient catalytic procedure for the oxidation of bulky (preferably aryl benzyl substituted) thioethers with hydrogen peroxide in good to high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 98.5 % ee) is reported. The high optical yields are achieved in a tandem stereoconvergent enantioselective oxidation and kinetic resolution process. A reasonable balance between the sulfoxide yield and enantioselectivity could be found by varying the concentration and temperature. An improved synthesis of the titanium–salan catalysts for the preparation of a more stereoselective catalyst is reported.
Synthesis and Antibody Binding of Highly Fluorinated Amphiphilic MUC1 Glycopeptide Antigens
Authors: Platen Tobias , Schüler Timo , Tremel Wolfgang , Hoffmann‐Röder Anja 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe analysis of humoral immune responses is of great importance for basic and clinical research. Mapping the structural requirements of epitope recognition with modified tumor‐associated carbohydrate antigens allows both the development of biomarkers and the design of synthetic anticancer vaccines. For this purpose, double‐tailed hydrocarbon/fluorocarbon membrane anchors have been prepared and conjugated to a TN dipeptide. Furthermore, a novel hydrophobized MUC1 tandem repeat glycopeptide antigen was fully assembled on a solid support and its specific binding to different mouse anti‐MUC1 antibodies was demonstrated through ELISA, QCM, and SPR measurements. Such functional fluorous MUC1 antigens are of great interest for specific glycan (micro‐)array formats and allow a detailed analyses of serum antibodies obtained from immunization studies. In addition, the intriguing characteristics of fluorous surfactants, for example, their strong self‐association tendency, might stimulate the use of novel fluorous‐tagged antigen conjugates in the development of multivalent micellar glycopeptide vaccines.