bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of cognitive performance with the metabolic syndrome and with glycaemia in middle‐aged and older European men: the European Male Ageing Study
Authors: Tournoy Jos , Lee David M. , Pendleton Neil , O'Neill Terence W. , O'Connor Daryl B. , Bartfai Gyorgy , Casanueva Felipe F. , Finn Joseph D. , Forti Gianni , Giwercman Aleksander , Han Thang S. , Huhtaniemi Ilpo T. , Kula Krzysztof , Lean Michael E. J. , Moseley Carly M. , Punab Margus , Silman Alan J. , Vanderschueren Dirk , Wu Frederick C. W. , Boonen Steven ,   and the EMAS study group
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground and aimsMetabolic syndrome has been reported to have adverse effects on cognition although the results are conflicting. We investigated the association between metabolic syndrome and cognitive function in a population sample of middle‐aged and older European men and whether any observed association could be explained by lifestyle or other confounding factors.MethodsA total of 3369 men in the 40‐ to 79‐year age group were recruited from population registers in eight centres for participation in the European Male Ageing Study. The subjects completed a questionnaire instrument and several cognitive function tests including the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure test, the Camden Topographical Recognition Memory test and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test. Metabolic syndrome data were assessed at an invited visit and metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel‐III criteria.Associations between cognitive performance and metabolic syndrome were explored using linear regression.ResultsComplete cognitive and metabolic syndrome data from 3152 subjects were included in the analysis, of whom 1007 (32%) fulfilled criteria for metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for putative health and lifestyle confounders, no significant associations were found between any of the cognitive function scores and metabolic syndrome or between cognitive performance and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Analysis of the individual metabolic syndrome factors, however, revealed an inverse association between the level of glucose and cognitive performance.ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome was not associated with cognitive impairment in this population. Of the individual components of the syndrome, diabetes was associated with poorer performances in memory, executive functions and processing speed, associations that warrant further investigation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of GHB and EtG in hair using GCMS/MS
Authors: Paul R. , Tsanaclis L. , Kingston R. , Berry A. , Guwy A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA gas chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric (GCMS/MS) method for simultaneously determining trace concentrations of gamma‐hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair has been developed. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to detect precursor and product ions of GHB, (233 and 147) and EtG (261 and 143) following anion exchange solid phase extraction and derivatization with N,O‐bis[trimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). Deuterated standards of GHB and EtG were used as internal standards. The assay produced excellent linearity (r2 > 0.99) and sensitivity. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 10 pg/mg for EtG assuming a 20 mg hair sample. The method has been used to investigate cases of suspected drug facilitated assault as well as being used to identify heavy alcohol consumption in a group of volunteers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Far from solved: A perspective on what we know about early mechanisms of left–right asymmetry
Authors: Vandenberg Laura N. , Levin Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractConsistent laterality is a crucial aspect of embryonic development, physiology, and behavior. While strides have been made in understanding unilaterally expressed genes and the asymmetries of organogenesis, early mechanisms are still poorly understood. One popular model centers on the structure and function of motile cilia and subsequent chiral extracellular fluid flow during gastrulation. Alternative models focus on intracellular roles of the cytoskeleton in driving asymmetries of physiological signals or asymmetric chromatid segregation, at much earlier stages. All three models trace the origin of asymmetry back to the chirality of cytoskeletal organizing centers, but significant controversy exists about how this intracellular chirality is amplified onto cell fields. Analysis of specific predictions of each model and crucial recent data on new mutants suggest that ciliary function may not be a broadly conserved, initiating event in left–right patterning. Many questions about embryonic left–right asymmetry remain open, offering fascinating avenues for further research in cell, developmental, and evolutionary biology. Developmental Dynamics 239:3131–3146, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inducible Cx40‐Cre expression in the cardiac conduction system and arterial endothelial cells
Authors: Beyer Sabrina , Kelly Robert G. , Miquerol Lucile 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe Connexin‐40 (Cx40) gene encodes a gap junction protein that plays an important role in cell‐cell communication in cardiomyocytes of the atria and cardiac conduction system and endothelial cells of large arteries. During embryonic development, Cx40 expression is tightly regulated and correlates with progressive ventricular conduction system (VCS) differentiation and vessel function. We have generated Cx40Cre mice carrying a CreERT2‐IRESmRFP cassette by targeted recombination. In Cx40Cre mice, the pattern of expression of RFP is identical to that of the endogenous Cx40 gene and a Cx40GFP allele. Using a LacZ‐based Cre reporter mouse line, tamoxifen dependent Cre recombination was observed throughout the spatio‐temporal profile of Cx40 expression in the VCS and arterial endothelial cells. Cx40Cre mice can therefore be used to direct inducible genetic modification in Cx40 expressing cells. genesis 49:83–91, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tris‐Dioximate Cobalt(I,II,III) Clathrochelates: Stabilization of Different Oxidation and Spin States of an Encapsulated Metal Ion by Ribbed Functionalization
Authors: Voloshin Yan Z. , Varzatskii Oleg A. , Novikov Valentin V. , Strizhakova Nataly G. , Vorontsov Ivan I. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Romanenko Galina V. , Fedin Matvey V. , Ovcharenko Victor I. , Bubnov Yurii N. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBoron‐capped hexachlorine‐containing cobalt(II) clathrochelates were prepared by means of template condensation of dichloroglyoxime (Cl2GmH2) with boron‐containing Lewis acids on a cobalt(II) ion matrix. The nucleophilic substitution of the reactive chlorine atoms of these macrobicyclic tris‐dioximates with thiolate anions gave the hexasulfide cobalt(II) and dodecasulfide CoIIICoIICoIII mono‐ and bis‐clathrochelates. The treatment of the hexachlorine‐containing cobalt(II) precursors with primary aliphatic amines afforded hexaamine cobalt(III) clathrochelates. The reduction of these precursors led to the clathrochelate [Co(Cl2Gm)3(BR)2]– anions, which were isolated as the salts with bulky organic cations. The relative stability of these cobalt(I) complexes accounted for a strong electronic effect of six electron‐withdrawing ribbed chlorine substituents. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, EPR, and multitemperature X‐ray diffraction data showed that the cobalt(II) clathrochelates undergo gradual and incomplete ${1 \over 2}$ ↔ 3/2 spin transition. The Jahn–Teller distortion of the low‐spin encapsulated cobalt(II) ion causes its shift in the direction of one of the three chelate α‐dioximate fragments. The anisotropic displacement parameters were used to estimate the ordering of the molecular species, and the superposition of two Jahn–Teller distorted structures was found in a crystal. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) data showed the influence of the substituents in α‐dioximate fragments on the redox potentials of an encapsulated cobalt ion. The electron‐withdrawing ribbed substituents stabilize the cobalt(I) oxidation state of this ion because of electron‐density delocalization on their ribbed substituents, whereas the electron‐donating amine groups stabilize the cobalt(III) oxidation state.
Coordination Properties of Organoborate Ligands – Steric Hindrance Around the Distal Boron Center Directs the Conformation of the Dialkylbis(imidazolyl)borate Scaffold
Authors: Hikichi Shiro , Fujita Koyu , Manabe Yoshitaka , Akita Munetaka , Nakazawa Jun , Komatsuzaki Hidehito 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAlkylmethylbis(imidazolyl)borate ligands, [B(ImN–Me)2(alkyl)Me]– (Lalkyl; alkyl = methyl and n‐butyl), have been synthesized by nucleophilic substitution from the chloride to the corresponding alkyl derivative on the boron center of the chloroborate precursor. In homoleptic complexes of nickel(II) with Lalkyl, [NiII(Lalkyl)2] (1alkyl), one of the two alkyl groups on the boron atom faces the nickel(II) center to form a C–H···M interaction. In the analogous homoleptic nikel(II) complexes of the hydride, phenyl, and methoxy derivatives 1X (X = H, Ph, OMe), the boron‐attached CH3 moieties do not turn towards the metal center. Steric repulsion between the methyl substituent on the imidazolyl ligands and the boron‐attached methyl group directs the orientation of the alkyl groups on Lalkyl. In the solution state the molecular structures of 1alkyl observed in the solid state are retained. Mixed‐ligand complexes, [NiII(Lalkyl)(TpiPr2)] (2alkyl), can be synthesized by reaction of [NiII(Y)(TpiPr2)] (Y = Cl, NO3) with Lalkyl through selective ligand metathesis. In 2Me, one methyl group of LMe approaches the nickel center retaining the bent conformation of the two imidazolyl groups. Conversely, the carbon atoms of the boron‐attached nBu and Me groups of LBu are located away from the nickel center, and the orientation of the two imidazolyl groups is almost coplanar in 2Bu. The structural characteristics of these nickel(II) complexes demonstrate the flexibility of the dialkybis(imidazolyl)borate scaffold.
Genetic diversity of fatty acids in sesame and its relatives in Nigeria
Authors: Azeez Musibau A. , Morakinyo Joseph A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe genetic diversity in seed lipid and fatty acid composition in nine accessions of sesame, comprising six cultivated and three wild relatives, was studied and compared. Seed oil content was 53.23–55.12% in cultivated and 53.35–58.56% in wild accessions. The principal fatty acids in the accessions were palmitic, stearic, oleic (OLE), linoleic (LIN) and linolenic (LIL) acids, of which lower OLE and higher LIN acids were observed in all the accessions. Principal component analysis revealed that OLE acid, total unsaturated fatty acids, total saturated fatty acids (SFAs), LIN acid and the unsaturated to SFA ratio had the highest loading in the first component, which accounted for 54.01% of the total variation. For the second principal components, lauric, palmitoleic, capric, lignoceric, arachidic and LIL acids had the highest loading, accounting for 26.94% of the total variation. Three principal components explained 89.01% of the total variation. The dendrogram generated by the UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the nine accessions into five distinct clusters, indicating genetic diversity; this can be used to plan crosses and maximise the expression of heterosis.Practical applications: This research work provides information on the fatty acid profile of seed oil from nine morphologically distinct accessions of sesame selected from thirty‐three accessions collected in 2003. This is intended to establish genetic diversity on the basis of fatty acid profile, identify accessions with high seed oil quality that may be adopted for large scale cultivation in Nigeria and justify the suitability of the nine accessions in serving as base materials in the ongoing breeding efforts for sesame seed oil quantity and quality improvement.
Cholesterol oxidation in lard as affected by CLA during heating – A kinetic approach
Authors: Yen Ting‐Yang , Lu Yi‐Fa , Inbaraj Baskaran Stephen , Chen Bing‐Huei 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to determine the effect of two CLAs , 9‐cis, 11‐trans CLA and 10‐trans, 12‐cis on cholesterol degradation and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) formation in lard during heating for varied length of time. No CLAs and approximately 1770.1 µg/mL of cholesterol were detected in lard. Additionally, there was no significant change in the level of cholesterol and COPs in lard during heating at 100°C over a period of 240 min. But, at 150 or 200°C, the degradation of cholesterol was prominent with substantial amount of COPs being formed. Formation profiles of 7‐OOH, 7‐OH, and 7‐keto at 150°C as well as 5,6‐epoxides at both 150 and 200°C were fitted by a first‐order equation, while a pseudo‐second‐order model described the kinetic pathway of 7‐OH and 7‐keto formation at 200°C. The formation of 7‐OOH at 200°C were fitted as multiple first‐order formation and first‐order degradation curves as its level reached a peak at 60 min and declined to zero. Incorporation of 100 µg/mL CLA showed antioxidant activity, whereas a prooxidant activity was observed for CLA at 500 µg/mL. The outcome of this study demonstrated the potential of CLA to be an antioxidant in oil system.
Synthesis and DNA Interaction of Platinum Complex/Peptide Chimera as Potential Drug Candidates (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 32/2010)
Authors: Damian Mariana S. , Hedman Hanna K. , Elmroth Sofi K. C. , Diederichsen Ulf 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe cover picture shows the covalent DNA binding of cisplatin‐like complexes. These molecules were designed as hybrids between the platinum coordination site and positively charged peptides, which involves the covalent binding of one or two nucleobases by cisplatin‐analogous platinum complexes and the bending of double‐stranded DNA initiated by the peptide chain. An optimization of cisplatin‐like anticancer drugs is intended. Binding of cisplatin analogs is facilitated by simultaneous DNA bending. Details are discussed in the article by U. Diederichsen et al. on p. 6161 ff.
Bootstrap estimation of confidence intervals on mutation rate ratios
Authors: Russell Matthew S. , March John C. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe fluctuation test is a useful tool for estimating the mutation rate of cells. However, statistical methods for comparing mutation rate estimates between different strains or conditions have not yet been fully developed. Methods exist for placing confidence intervals on estimates of the number of mutational events in cultures for a given strain and set of conditions, but placing confidence intervals on mutation rate is complicated by differences in the final number of cells in culture between parallel cultures. Additionally, confidence intervals on individual mutation rate estimates are not always the most useful statistical tool when comparing two or more different strains or conditions. We present a bootstrap method for estimating confidence intervals on the quotient of two mutation rates determined from two fluctuation test experiments using experimental and control strains or conditions. We use Monte Carlo simulations to validate this method over a wide range of mutation rates and for empirically measured variation in the estimates of final number of cells in culture. Furthermore, we provide the computational tools to implement the bootstrap method described here on experimental fluctuation test data and to evaluate this method for experimental parameters other than those considered herein. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grey matter deficit in long‐term recovered anorexia nervosa patients
Authors: Joos Andreas , Hartmann Armin , Glauche Volkmar , Perlov Evgeniy , Unterbrink Thomas , Saum Barbara , Tüscher Oliver , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Zeeck Almut 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveCerebral grey matter (GM) reduction has repeatedly been shown in anorexia nervosa (AN). Evidence concerning completeness of GM restitution in recovered patients is contradictory.MethodsFive long‐term recovered patients with AN were compared to symptomatic subjects and healthy controls using voxel‐based morphometry. Whole brain GM, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid fractions were studied. Additionally, voxels that had shown significant GM reductions in symptomatic patients were investigated.ResultsRecovered subjects had been severely affected when symptomatic (mean body mass index: 12.1 kg/m2) and were in remission for a very long time period (>5 years). Whole brain tissue fractions did not differ from controls. Regional analysis showed persistent GM volume reduction, in particular of the precuneus.ConclusionsThis study further supports the assumption that GM volume restitution is incomplete in subjects, who had previously been severely affected by anorexia nervosa. The meaning of GM reduction in long‐term recovered AN patients, that is, its pathophysiological relevance, however, remains unclear. Furthermore, the precise aetiology of GM reduction remains an open question. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Competitive stress can make the herbicide Roundup® more deadly to larval amphibians
Authors: Jones Devin K , Hammond John I , Relyea Rick A 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Toxicity assessments on nontarget organisms have largely been addressed using short-term, single-species laboratory experiments. Although extremely helpful, these experiments inherently lack many pervasive ecological stressors found in nature. Though a substantial challenge, incorporating these ecological stressors in contaminant studies would shed light on potential synergistic effects. For the world's leading herbicide, glyphosate, we know little about how natural stressors affect the toxicity to nontarget organisms. To explore how the natural stress of competition might interact with a glyphosate-based herbicide, we used outdoor mesocosms containing three tadpole species that were exposed to a factorial combination of three glyphosate concentrations (0, 1, 2, or 3 mg acid equivalent (a.e.)/L of the commercial formulation Roundup Original MAX®) and three tadpole densities (low, medium, or high). We found that increased tadpole density caused declines in tadpole growth, but also made the herbicide significantly more lethal to one species. Whereas the median lethal concentration (LC50) values were similar across all densities for gray treefrogs (Hyla versicolor; 1.7–2.3 mg a.e./L) and green frogs (Rana clamitans; 2.2–2.6 mg a.e./L), the LC50 values for bullfrogs (R. catesbeiana) were 2.1 to 2.2 mg a.e./L at low and medium densities, but declined to 1.6 mg a.e./L at high densities. The large decrease in amphibian survival with increased herbicide concentration was associated with increases in periphyton abundance. We also found evidence that temperature stratification lead to herbicide stratification in the water column, confirming the results of a previous study and raising important questions about exposure risk in natural systems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:446–454. © 2010 SETAC
Endocrine potency of wastewater: Contents of endocrine disrupting chemicals and effects measured by in vivo and in vitro assays
Authors: Kusk Kresten Ole , Krüger Tanja , Long Manhai , Taxvig Camilla , Lykkesfeldt Anne E , Frederiksen Hanne , Andersson Anna-Maria , Andersen Henrik R , Hansen Kamilla M. S , Nellemann Christine , Bonefeld-Jørgensen Eva C 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIndustrial and municipal effluents are important sources of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) discharged into the aquatic environment. This study investigated the endocrine potency of wastewater and the cleaning efficiency of two typical urban Danish sewage treatment plants (STPs), using chemical analysis and a battery of bioassays. Influent samples, collected at the first STP grate, and effluent samples, collected after the sewage treatment, were extracted using solid phase extraction. Extracts were analyzed for the content of a range of industrial chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties: phthalate metabolites, parabens, industrial phenols, ultraviolet screens, and natural and synthetic steroid estrogens. The endocrine disrupting bioactivity and toxicity of the extracts were analyzed in cell culture assay for the potency to affect the function of the estrogen, androgen, aryl hydrocarbon, and thyroid receptors as well as the steroid hormone synthesis. The early-life stage (ELS) development was tested in a marine copepod. The concentrations of all analyzed chemicals were reduced in effluents compared with influents, and for some to below the detection limit. Influent as well as effluent samples from both STPs were found to interact with all four receptors and to interfere with the steroid hormone synthesis showing the presence of measured EDCs. Both influent samples and one of the effluent samples inhibited the development of the copepod Acartia tonsa. In conclusion, the presence of EDCs was reduced in the STPs but not eliminated, as verified by the applied bioassays that all responded to the extracts of effluent samples. Our data suggest that the wastewater treatment processes are not efficient enough to prevent contamination of environmental surface waters. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:413–426. © 2010 SETAC
Environmental contaminant effects on juvenile striped bass in the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA
Authors: Spearow Jimmy L , Kota Rama S , Ostrach David J 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The decline of pelagic organisms in the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) (California, USA) is attributed to several factors, including water diversions, invasive species, and exposure to environmental toxicants. The present study evaluated the effects of environmental contaminants on liver vitellogenin, metallothionein, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), and benzyloxyresorufin O-deethylase (BROD) activity in juvenile striped bass (Morone saxitilis) in the SFE. Analysis of juvenile striped bass liver extracts revealed site-specific elevations of vitellogenin, metallothionein, and EROD biomarkers across the estuary. Although some striped bass in the estuary showed EROD activity similar to unhandled hatchery controls, several sites in the estuary showed significantly higher EROD activity that was in the range of beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)–injected, positive controls. Overall, EROD activity averaged 283% higher in estuary fish than in hatchery controls. Chemical analyses of extracts from semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) deployed in the estuary for one month showed elevated polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels. Semipermeable membrane devices extract injections-induced metallothionein and BROD in striped bass livers. These data show that environmental exposures are impacting EROD and other biomarkers in the SFE striped bass population. Previous studies in our laboratory have associated poor larval development with maternal transfer of environmental contaminants. Further studies are needed to monitor contaminant exposures by the use of biomarkers and to integrate them into a more effective pelagic species recovery plan in the SFE. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:393–402. © 2010 SETAC