bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding The Mimicker: Epidemiological Pattern and Determinant of Melioidosis Mortality in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Authors: Md Hanif Shahrul Azhar , Hassan Mohd Rohaizat , Rafi’i Muhammad Ridzwan , Abdul Halim Ahmad Farid Nazmi , Ahmad Zamzuri Mohd ‘Ammar Ihsan , Ismail Muhammad , Ibrahim Siti Salwa , Mihat Massitah , Rejali Lokman , Zubir Muhammad Habiruddin , Mahadi Muhammad Salihin , Ahmad Ismail Shazwanis , Ganesan Veshny , Mohd Fadzil Muhammad Fahmi 
Published: May 2024

Background
Melioidosis, a tropical infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is epidemic in most region in Southeast Asia with high case fatality. However, there is scanty information regarding the disease’s epidemiological pattern, demographics, and underlying risk factors.

Method
This 5-year retrospective study of 185 confirmed cases which were taken from the Negeri Sembilan Melioidosis Registry between 2018 and 2022. We aim to describe the incidence, mortality rate, case fatality, relationship with meteorology, and factors that influence mortality in this central region of Peninsular Malaysia.

Results
Incidence rate (IR) of melioidosis in Negeri Sembilan is varied at 1.9 to 5.1 with mean of 3.1 in 100,000 population per year. IR varied between districts in the state from zero to 22.01 in 100,000 population per year. Mortality rate were ranged from 0.17 to 0.74 cases with mean of 0.44 cases in 100,000 population per year. The case fatality rate of this state scattered from 8.70% to 16.67%. There were no significant linear associations between cases and deaths with monthly rainfall and humidity. The mean age of patients was 52.8 years, predominated with age around 41–60 years old. Males (77.8%) predominated, and the majority of cases were Malays (88.9%) and had exposed to soil related activities (74.6%). Mortality from melioidosis was more likely in Bumiputera and non-Malaysians (p<0.05). Patients who had at least one comorbidity were at a higher risk of death from melioidosis (p<0.05). Diabetes mellitus was found in 41.1% of all identified cases, making it a major underlying risk factor for both developing and dying from melioidosis (aOR:19.32, 95%CI:1.91–195.59, p<0.05). Hypertension and mortality status in melioidosis are also significantly correlated (aOR: 7.75, 95% CI: 2.26–26.61, p<0.05).

Conclusion
The epidemiological patterns of cases reported from Negeri Sembilan are consistent for the most part from previous studies in other states in Malaysia and global with regard to its incidence, case fatality, demographic and predisposing chronic diseases. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were significantly linked to increased mortality among all determinants.
Fuzhengjiedu San inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Chang Kexin , Fan Kuangshi , Zhang Hua , Wu Qiong , Zhang Yonghong , Wang Le , Chen Hongcen , Tong Jinjin , Cui Defeng 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundTraditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been garnering ever-increasing worldwide attention as the herbal extracts and formulas prove to have potency against disease. Fuzhengjiedu San (FZJDS), has been extensively used to treat viral diseases in pigs, but its bioactive components and therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we conducted an integrative approach of network pharmacology and experimental study to elucidate the mechanisms underlying FZJDS’s action in treating porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). We constructed PPI network and screened the core targets according to their degree of value. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were also carried out to identify relevant pathways. Lastly, qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and western blotting were used to determine the effects of FZJDS on core gene expression in PRRSV-infected monkey kidney (MARC-145) cells to further expand the results of network pharmacological analysis.ResultsNetwork pharmacology data revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, and luteolin were the main active compounds of FZJDS. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was deemed the cellular target as it has been shown to participate most in PRRSV replication and other PRRSV-related functions. Analysis by qRT-PCR and western blotting demonstrated that FZJDS significantly reduced the expression of P65, JNK, TLR4, N protein, Bax and IĸBa in MARC-145 cells, and increased the expression of Bcl-2, consistent with network pharmacology results. This study provides that FZJDS has significant antiviral activity through its effects on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.ConclusionWe conclude that FZJDS is a promising candidate herbal formulation for treating PRRSV and deserves further investigation.
The hatred of all against all? Evidence from online community platforms in South Korea
Authors: Koo Jeong-Woo , Suh Chan S. , Chung Jin Won , Sohn Kyung-Ah , Han Kyungsik 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundOver several years of recent efforts to make sense and detect online hate speech, we still know relatively little about how hateful expressions enter online platforms and whether there are patterns and features characterizing the corpus of hateful speech.ObjectiveIn this research, we introduce a new conceptual framework suitable for better capturing the overall scope and dynamics of the current forms of online hateful speech.MethodsWe adopt several Python-based crawlers to collect a comprehensive data set covering a variety of subjects from a multiplicity of online communities in South Korea. We apply the notions of marginalization and polarization in identifying patterns and dynamics of online hateful speech.ResultsOur analyses suggest that polarization driven by political orientation and age difference predominates in the hateful speech in most communities, while marginalization of social minority groups is also salient in other communities. Furthermore, we identify a temporal shift in the trends of online hate from gender to age based, reflecting the changing sociopolitical conditions within the polarization dynamics in South Korea.ConclusionBy expanding our understanding of how hatred shifts and evolves in online communities, our study provides theoretical and practical implications for both researchers and policy-makers.
Cognitive and neural mechanisms of learning and interventions for improvement across the adult lifespan: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Privitera Adam John , Ng Siew Hiang Sally , Chen S. H. Annabel 
Published: May 2024

Background
There continues to be growing interest in the Science of Learning including identifying applications for findings from this work outside the laboratory to support learning. Presently, there exists a gap in our understanding of learning during healthy adulthood as well as effective ways in which that learning can be improved. Developing a more comprehensive understanding of learning during adulthood, and effective ways of improving that learning, are crucial goals given the impact of a rapidly aging global population. The main objective of the proposed systematic review is to identify and synthesize all recent cognitive and brain research investigating learning across the adult lifespan.

Methods
Searches will be performed across Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases. Both published and unpublished literature will be screened for inclusion. Included articles will be limited to research in healthy adult samples reporting measures of learning-related cognition, brain structure or function and their relationship with age, or the impact of interventions to improve learning. All steps of the review will be performed by three trained reviewers. Tabular, narrative, and quantitative syntheses will be provided based on the characteristics of included studies.

Discussion
Findings from the proposed review will contribute to our understanding of learning in adulthood. Additionally, this review will identify research gaps in need of further investigation and relevant findings for translation, informing the scope of future funding priorities in the Science of Learning.
Interventions promoting recovery from depression for patients transitioning from outpatient mental health services to primary care: A scoping review
Authors: Aggestrup Anne Sofie , Martiny Frederik , Lund Henriksen Line , Davidsen Annette Sofie , Martiny Klaus 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide with significant personal and public health consequences. After an episode of MDD, the likelihood of relapse is high. Therefore, there is a need for interventions that prevent relapse of depression when outpatient mental health care treatment has ended. This scoping review aimed to systematically map the evidence and identify knowledge gaps in interventions that aimed to promote recovery from MDD for patients transitioning from outpatient mental health services to primary care.

Materials and methods
We followed the guidance by Joanna Briggs Institute in tandem with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Four electronic databases were systematically searched using controlled index–or thesaurus terms and free text terms, as well as backward and forward citation tracking of included studies. The search strategy was based on the identification of any type of intervention, whether simple, multicomponent, or complex. Three authors independently screened for eligibility and extracted data.

Results
18 studies were included for review. The studies had high heterogeneity in design, methods, sample size, recovery rating scales, and type of interventions. All studies used several elements in their interventions; however, the majority used cognitive behavioural therapy conducted in outpatient mental health services. No studies addressed the transitioning phase from outpatient mental health services to primary care. Most studies included patients during their outpatient mental health care treatment of MDD.

Conclusions
We identified several knowledge gaps. Recovery interventions for patients with MDD transitioning from outpatient mental health services to primary care are understudied. No studies addressed interventions in this transitioning phase or the patient’s experience of the transitioning process. Research is needed to bridge this gap, both regarding interventions for patients transitioning from secondary to primary care, and patients’ and health care professionals’ experiences of the interventions and of what promotes recovery.

Registration
A protocol was prepared in advance and registered in Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ah3sv), published in the medRxiv server (https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.06.22280499) and in PLOS ONE (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291559).
Bacterial aetiology, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and factors associated with urinary tract infection among under-five children at primary health facility, North-Western Tanzania
Authors: Ernest Roza , Lema Nsiande , Yassin Sued , Joachim Agricola , Majigo Mtebe 
Published: May 2024

Background
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in under-five children, with significant consequences leading to bacteremia, dehydration, kidney scarring, and renal failure. The incidence of UTI varies with patients’ demographics and geographic location. Limited studies have addressed UTI issues, particularly in children. We determined the proportion of UTI, bacterial aetiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated factors among under-five children at the district hospital between March and April 2023

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using a convenient non-probability sampling technique to collect urine samples from participants with signs and symptoms of UTI. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians. We collected Participants’ information using a pretested structured questionnaire. Urine samples were processed at the Regional Referral Hospital. All analyses were conducted using STATA version 15.0. We determined the factors associated with UTI using a modified Poisson model multivariable analysis of the modified Poisson model. The results were presented as a prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval. The level of significance was specified at 0.05.

Result
The study recruited 368 under-five children; 194 (52.7%) were males, and the median age (interquartile range) was 24 (13–36) months. Of all, 28.8% (95% CI-24.3–33.6) had culture-confirmed UTI. One hundred and six pathogens were isolated, the majority being Escherichia coli (E. coli), 37 (34.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), 26 (24.5%). The susceptibility of E. coli to cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, nitrofurantoin, and meropenem ranged from 81.1% to 97.3%. S. aureus was most susceptible to nitrofurantoin (96.2%) and ciprofloxacin (92.3%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 33.0% of isolates. The proportion of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases was 23.1% and 25%, respectively. UTI was observed more in patients presenting with vomiting, dysuria, and abdominal pain, patients below 24 months of age, nappy users, and uncircumcised males.

Conclusion
Our study found a relatively high proportion of UTI among under-five children associated with vomiting, dysuria, abdominal pain, nappy use, and uncircumcision in males. The pathogens were least susceptible to (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamycin, ampicillin, and penicillin) the commonly used antibiotic. We advocate a thorough clinical analysis to detect the predictors of UTI and a periodic review of empirical treatment of UTI based on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern.
The structural landscape and diversity of Pyricularia oryzae MAX effectors revisited
Authors: Lahfa Mounia , Barthe Philippe , de Guillen Karine , Cesari Stella , Raji Mouna , Kroj Thomas , Le Naour—Vernet Marie , Hoh François , Gladieux Pierre , Roumestand Christian , Gracy Jérôme , Declerck Nathalie , Padilla André 
Published: May 2024

Magnaporthe AVRs and ToxB-like (MAX) effectors constitute a family of secreted virulence proteins in the fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae), which causes blast disease on numerous cereals and grasses. In spite of high sequence divergence, MAX effectors share a common fold characterized by a ß-sandwich core stabilized by a conserved disulfide bond.
In this study, we investigated the structural landscape and diversity within the MAX effector repertoire of P. oryzae. Combining experimental protein structure determination and in silico structure modeling we validated the presence of the conserved MAX effector core domain in 77 out of 94 groups of orthologs (OG) identified in a previous population genomic study. Four novel MAX effector structures determined by NMR were in remarkably good agreement with AlphaFold2 (AF2) predictions. Based on the comparison of the AF2-generated 3D models we propose a classification of the MAX effectors superfamily in 20 structural groups that vary in the canonical MAX fold, disulfide bond patterns, and additional secondary structures in N- and C-terminal extensions. About one-third of the MAX family members remain singletons, without strong structural relationship to other MAX effectors. Analysis of the surface properties of the AF2 MAX models also highlights the high variability within the MAX family at the structural level, potentially reflecting the wide diversity of their virulence functions and host targets.
Profil Hematologi Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) setelah Pemberian Turmeric Gummy Candy
Authors: Tana Silvana , Yunita Amelia Rifka , Suprihatin Teguh 
Published: May 2024

Gummy candy merupakan suatu produk kembang gula yang bertekstur kenyal karena mengandung komponen pembentuk gel. Gummy candy dengan formulasi bahan herbal dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif agar obat herbal dapat dikonsumsi secara praktis dalam bentuk permen, yaitu dengan penambahan turmeric yang disebut sebagai turmeric gummy candy (TGC). Kurkumin yang terkandung dalam kunyit merupakan antioksidan yang berperan dalam pencegahan oksidasi pada sel, termasuk pada sel darah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis profil hematologi tikus putih setelah pemberian TGC. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor tikus putih betina yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan, yaitu G0 sebagai kontrol, G1 sebagai kelompok yang diberi TGC dengan ekstrak turmeric sebanyak 5 g, dan G2 sebagai kelompok yang diberi TGC dengan ekstrak turmeric sebanyak 10 g. Data hematologi yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis data jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan jumlah leukosit tikus putih setelah pemberian TGC menunjukkan berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah turmeric gummy candy mampu mempengaruhi profil hematologi tikus putih dalam kadar yang normal. Gummy candy is a confectionery product that has a chewy texture because it contains gelling components. Gummy candy with herbal formulations can be an alternative so that herbal medicine can be consumed practically in the form of candy, namely with the addition of turmeric which is called turmeric gummy candy (TGC. Curcumin contained in turmeric is an antioxidant that plays a role in preventing oxidation in cells, including blood cells. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hematological profile of white rats after TGC administration. This candy is then expected to provide nutritional value and have a good effect on the hematological profile for its consumption. Curcumin contained in turmeric is an antioxidant that plays a role in preventing oxidation in cells, including blood cells. The purpose of this study was to analyze the hematological profile of white rats after TGC administration. This study used 24 female white rats divided into three treatment groups, namely G0 as a control, G1 as a group given TGC with turmeric extract as much as 5 g, and G2 as a group given TGC with turmeric extract as much as 10 g. The hematology data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA test at a 95% confidence level. The results of data analysis of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, and leukocyte count of white rats after TGC administration showed no real difference (P>0.05). The conclusion in this study is that turmeric gummy candy can affect the hematological profile of white rats in normal levels.
Uji Beberapa Jenis Sitokinin Terhadap Pertumbuhan Protocorm Like Body (PLB) Anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) Pada Media MS Dalam Bentuk Thin Liquid Film
Authors: Emeliya Emeliya , Rahayu Tintrim , Jayanti Gatra Ervi , Agisimanto Dita 
Published: May 2024

Sitokinin berperan dalam pembelahan dan pembesaran sel sehingga memacu pertumbuhan tanaman, sitokinin juga memacu pembentukan tunas baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian berbagai jenis sitokinin terhadap pertumbuhan PLB Anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) pada media MS dalam bentuk Thin Liquid Film secara in vitro. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan acak Lengkap (RAL) yaitu perlakuan kontrol dan jenis sitokinin BAP 0,1 mg/L, Kinetin 0,1 mg/L, 2-iP 0,1 mg/L, Metatopolin 0,1 mg/L, dan Air kelapa 10 mL, sehingga terdapat 7 perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase eksplan tumbuh, respon eksplan, saat muncul tunas, akar pertama muncul, daun pertama muncul, warna daun dan berat PLB. Analisis data menggunakan ANNOVA. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan didapatkan perlakuan terbaik pada perlakuan 2-iP 0,1 mg/L terhadap parameter respon PLB, waktu muncul tunas pertama dan waktu daun pertama muncul. Pada parameter waktu akar pertama muncul yang paling cepat pada perlakuan BAP 0,1 mg/L. Perubahan warna yang terjadi pada PLB yaitu hijau 145 B menjadi hijau 141 A pada perlakuan BAP 0,1 mg/L. Pada perlakuan kinetin 0,1 mg/L merupakan berat PLB yang paling optimum. Cytokinins play a role in cell division and enlargement thereby stimulating plant growth, cytokinins also stimulate the formation of new shoots. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of giving various types of cytokinins on the growth of PLB Orchids (Dendrobium sp.) on MS media in the form of Thin Liquid Film in vitro. The research method used experimental research with a completely randomized design (CRD), namely control treatment and cytokinin type BAP 0.1 mg/L, Kinetin 0.1 mg/L, 2-iP 0.1 mg/L, Metatopolin 0.1 mg/L L, and 10 mL coconut water, so there were 7 treatments with 4 repetitions. The parameters observed were the percentage of explant growth, explant response, when shoots appeared, first roots appeared, first leaves appeared, leaf color and PLB weight. Data analysis using ANNOVA. Based on the observation results, it was found that the best treatment was the 2-iP 0.1 mg/L treatment for the PLB response parameters, the time the first shoot appeared and the time the first leaf appeared. The time parameter for the first roots to appear was the fastest in the 0.1 mg/L BAP treatment. The color change that occurred in PLB was green 145 B to green 141 A in the BAP 0.1 mg/L treatment. In the kinetin treatment 0.1 mg/L was the most optimum PLB weight.
Histomorfometri Hepar Ayam Petelur Jantan (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) Setelah Pemberian Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) Sebagai Imbuhan Pakan
Authors: Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Jatmiko Arif Budi , Sunarno Sunarno , Kasiyati Kasiyati 
Published: May 2024

Ayam petelur jantan dapat dipacu laju pertumbuhannya dengan imbuhan pakan tepung daun kelor yang dikenal memiliki senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan tetapi juga memiliki resiko sebagai zat toksik pada hepar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh imbuhan pakan berupa tepung daun kelor dengan dosis berbeda terhadap histomorfometri hepar ayam petelur jantan. Desain penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1(1%), P2(2%), P3(3%), dan P4(4%), setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan (terdiri dari 2 ekor ayam). Parameter penelitian terdiri atas bobot hepar, bobot badan, HSI, dan diameter hepatosit yang dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA. Data diameter hepatosit dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tepung daun kelor berpengaruh nyata (pvalue<0,05) terhadap diameter hepatosit. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah tepung daun kelor dengan dosis 1-4% tidak mempengaruhi variabel bobot hepar, bobot badan, dan nilai HSI tetapi berpengaruh terhadap struktur hepatosit. Struktur hepatosit mengalami degenerasi hidropik, degenerasi lemak, nekrosis, atrofi, hemoragi, dan kongesti. Laying hens can increase their growth rate by adding moringa leaf meal which is known to have secondary metabolites that function as antioxidants but also have a risk of being toxic to the liver. This study aimed to analyze the effect of feed additives in the form of moringa leaf meal at different doses on the liver histomorphometry of male laying hens. The research design used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, namely P0 (control), P1(1%), P2(2%), P3(3%), and P4(4%), each treatment consisting of 3 replications (consisting of 2 chickens). The research parameters consisted of liver weight, body weight, HSI, and hepatocyte diameter which were analyzed by ANOVA test. Hepatocyte diameter data was followed by Duncan's test. The results showed that moringa leaf powder had a significant effect (pvalue<0,05) on hepatocyte diameter. The conclusion of the research is that Moringa leaf flour at a dose of 1-4% does not affect the variables of liver weight, body weight and HSI value but does affect the structure of hepatocytes. The hepatocyte structure experiences hydropic degeneration, fatty degeneration, necrosis, atrophy, hemorrhage and congestion.