bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of receptor tyrosine kinase Axl promotes tumor cell invasion and survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Song Xianzhou , Wang Hua , Logsdon Craig D. , Rashid Asif , Fleming Jason B. , Abbruzzese James L. , Gomez Henry F. , Evans Douglas B. , Wang Huamin 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl has been reported to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. Although previous studies have identified the role of Axl in the transformation, proliferation, survival, and invasion in cancers, the expression and functions of Axl in pancreatic cancer have not been studied in detail.METHODS:The expression of Axl protein in 12 pancreatic cancer cell lines and 54 patient samples of stage II pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and their paired non‐neoplastic pancreatic tissue samples were examined. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, Axl expression was correlated with survival and other clinicopathologic features. To examine Axl functions in PDA, the effects of Axl knockdown on the invasion ability and radiation‐induced apoptosis in PDA cell lines were measured.RESULTS:Axl was overexpressed in 38 of 54 (70%) stage II PDA samples and 9 of 12 (75%) PDA cell lines. Axl overexpression was associated with higher frequencies of distant metastasis and poor overall and recurrence‐free survivals (P = .03 and P = .04, respectively) independent of tumor size and stage or lymph node status in patients with stage II PDA. Knockdown of Axl expression in PDA cells abolished Gas6‐mediated Akt activation, decreased invasion, and increased radiation‐induced PARP cleavage and the percentage of apoptosis.CONCLUSIONS:This study showed that Gas6 and Axl are frequently overexpressed in PDA cells and are associated with a poor prognosis in patients with stage II PDA. Axl promotes the invasion and survival of PDA cells. Therefore, targeting the Axl signaling pathway may represent a new approach to the treatment of PDA. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Ovarian cancer care for the underserved: Are surgical patterns of care different in a public hospital setting?
Authors: Boyd Leslie R. , Novetsky Akiva P. , Curtin John P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The New York City (NYC) public hospital system includes subspecialty care for gynecologic cancers, providing care to patients regardless of insurance status. The authors sought to determine the surgical patterns of care for ovarian cancer patients in the NYC public hospital system.METHODS:Ovarian cancer cases were identified in the New York State Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database for years 2001 to 2006. Cases from NYC hospitals were separated into 2 cohorts: public and other NYC hospitals. Surgeons associated with each case were identified using the database and were stratified by volume of cases and presence of subspecialty training.RESULTS:A total of 12,202 admissions for ovarian cancer were identified. Of these, 3639 involved major surgery, and 187 were performed at public hospitals. There were more African American and Asian patients in the public cohort (P < .001). The primary insurer was more likely to be Medicaid or a self‐payer in the public cohort (P < 0.001). Urgent or emergent admissions comprised 55% of all admissions in public hospitals, compared with 29% of admissions in other NYC hospitals (P < .001). Patients in public hospitals were less likely to have their surgery performed by a gynecologic oncologist (57% vs 74%, P < .001) and less likely to have their surgery performed by a high‐volume surgeon (21% vs 47%; P < .001) compared with patients in other NYC hospitals.CONCLUSIONS:Ovarian cancer patients treated in public hospitals are less likely to have gynecologic oncologists and high‐volume surgeons involved in their care. This is a preliminary finding that warrants further investigation. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Phase 1 dose‐escalation trial of tremelimumab plus sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rini Brian I. , Stein Mark , Shannon Pat , Eddy Simantini , Tyler Allison , Stephenson Joe J. , Catlett Lorie , Huang Bo , Healey Diane , Gordon Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:On the basis of potential additive or synergistic immunostimulatory antitumor effects, in this phase 1 study, the authors evaluated the combination of sunitinib and tremelimumab (CP‐675206; an antibody against cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 [CTLA4]) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) was evaluated.METHODS:Adult patients with mRCC who had received ≤1 previous systemic treatment received tremelimumab (6 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 15 mg/kg) intravenously once every 12 weeks and oral sunitinib (50 mg daily for 4 weeks then 2 weeks off or 37.5 mg daily as a continuous dose). The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary objectives were to assess antitumor activity, safety, and pharmacokinetics.RESULTS:Twenty‐eight patients were enrolled. Two of 5 patients who received 50 mg sunitinib plus tremelimumab 6 mg/kg experienced dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), and no further enrollment to the combination with sunitinib 50 mg dosing was pursued. Among patients who received continuous sunitinib 37.5 mg daily, 1 of 7 patients who received tremelimumab 10 mg/kg plus sunitinib suffered a sudden death, and 3 of 6 patients who received tremelimumab 15 mg/kg plus sunitinib experienced DLTs. An expansion cohort (n = 7) was enrolled at tremelimumab 10 mg/kg plus sunitinib 37.5 mg daily; 3 of those patients experienced DLTs. Overall, rapid‐onset renal failure was the most common DLT. Nine of 21 patients who were evaluable for response achieved partial responses (43%; 95% confidence interval, 22%‐66%), and 4 of those responses were ongoing at the time of the current report.CONCLUSIONS:In this study of tremelimumab plus sunitinib, rapid‐onset acute renal failure was observed unexpectedly, and further investigation of tremelimumab doses >6 mg/kg plus sunitinib 37.5 mg daily is not recommended. Preclinical investigation may be warranted to understand the mechanism of renal toxicity. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Next‐Generation Biofuels: Survey of Emerging Technologies and Sustainability Issues
Authors: Zinoviev Sergey , Müller‐Langer Franziska , Das Piyali , Bertero Nicolás , Fornasiero Paolo , Kaltschmitt Martin , Centi Gabriele , Miertus Stanislav 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNext‐generation biofuels, such as cellulosic bioethanol, biomethane from waste, synthetic biofuels obtained via gasification of biomass, biohydrogen, and others, are currently at the center of the attention of technologists and policy makers in search of the more sustainable biofuel of tomorrow. To set realistic targets for future biofuel options, it is important to assess their sustainability according to technical, economical, and environmental measures. With this aim, the review presents a comprehensive overview of the chemistry basis and of the technology related aspects of next generation biofuel production, as well as it addresses related economic issues and environmental implications. Opportunities and limits are discussed in terms of technical applicability of existing and emerging technology options to bio‐waste feedstock, and further development forecasts are made based on the existing social‐economic and market situation, feedstock potentials, and other global aspects. As the latter ones are concerned, the emphasis is placed on the opportunities and challenges of developing countries in adoption of this new industry.
Electrochemical Generation of Lead Volatile Species as a Method of Sample Introduction for Lead Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
Authors: Saénz María , Fernández Lenys , Domínguez José , Alvarado José 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn electrochemical lead volatile species generation system, as a means for sample introduction into a flame atomic absorption spectrometer, has been developed and evaluated for the determination of lead in urine samples. The reaction cell, designed and manufactured in our laboratory, consists of a reaction compartment housing a reticulated glassy carbon cathode and a platinum wire anode. The cell can easily be coupled to the spectrometer via a gas‐liquid separator. The characteristic of the cathode material, the volatile species generation efficiency and the possible interferences of some concomitants have been studied. Calculated detection limit based on the variability of a blank solution (3 sb criterion) for ten measurements was 11 µg L−1 and the sensitivity determined from the slope of the calibration graph, was 0.152 L mg−1. The reproducibility (RSD) for ten replicate measurements at 1.0 mg L−1 lead level, was 1.4 %. The accuracy of the method was determined through the analysis of spike urine samples. Recovery of 103.71 %±0.05 was achieved.
Do patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease benefit from a psycho‐educational programme for family caregivers? A randomised controlled study
Authors: de Rotrou Jocelyne , Cantegreil Inge , Faucounau Véronique , Wenisch Emilie , Chausson Catherine , Jegou David , Grabar Sophie , Rigaud Anne‐Sophie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe Aide dans la Maladie d'Alzheimer (AIDMA) study was conducted to determine whether a psycho‐educational programme (PEP) for primary caregivers in addition to standard anti‐dementia drugs for patients improves caregivers' psychological condition and patients' activities of daily life.MethodMulticentre randomised controlled intervention trial. One hundred and sixty‐seven dyads ‘patient–caregiver’ were recruited from 15 French memory clinics and randomised in two parallel groups. The intervention group was offered the PEP in 12 group sessions for 3 months. The control group had usual care. Patients in both groups with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) were diagnosed and treated with pharmacotherapy. Patients' primary efficacy variable was functional status assessed with the Disability Assessment Scale for Dementia (DAD) scale. Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS‐Cog) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were secondary criteria. Caregivers' first outcome measure was depressive symptoms assessed with the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scale. Zarit scale, Sense of Competence Questionnaire (SCQ) and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) were secondary criteria. Assessment was done at baseline, 3 months (M3, end of intervention) and 6 months (M6).ResultsPatients' stabilisation was observed in both groups. In caregivers, significant improvement in disease understanding at M3 (p = 0.007) and M6 (p = 0.0001) and in ability to cope with care‐recipients' disease at M6 (0.02) was evidenced.ConclusionThe PEP had no additional impact on patients but carers developed more effective disease understanding and ability of coping. Results support the idea that the PEP although improving caregivers' condition is not sufficient to improve patients' activities in daily life which requires additional individually tailored interventions provided by professionals. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Same but different: ontogeny and evolution of the Musculus adductor mandibulae in the Tetraodontiformes
Authors: Konstantinidis P. , Harris M.P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe morphological diversity of fishes provides a rich source to address questions regarding the evolution of complex and novel forms. The Tetraodontiformes represent an order of highly derived teleosts including fishes, such as the pelagic ocean sunfishes, triggerfishes, and pufferfishes. This makes the order attractive for comparative analyses to understand the role of development in generating new forms during evolution. The adductor mandibulae complex, the main muscle associated with jaw closure, represents an ideal model system within the Tetraodontiformes. The adductor mandibulae differs in terms of partitions and their attachment sites between members of the different tetraodontiform families. In order to understand the evolution of the jaws among the Tetraodontiformes, we investigate the development of the adductor mandibulae in pufferfishes and triggerfishes as representatives of two different suborders (Balistoidei and Tetraodontoidei) that follows two different adaptations to a durophagous feeding mode. We show that the varied patterns of the adductor mandibulae derive from similar developmental sequence of subdivision of the partitions. We propose a conserved developmental program for partitioning of the adductor mandibulae as a foundation for the evolution of different patterns of subdivisions in Tetraodontiformes. Furthermore, we argue that derived conditions in the higher taxa are realized by supplementary subdivisions and altered attachment sites. These findings support a reinterpretation of homology of different muscle partitions among the Tetraodontiformes, as muscle partitions previously thought to be disparate, are now clearly related. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:10–20, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Birth of the first ESS: George Price, John Maynard Smith, and the discovery of the lost “Antlers” paper
Authors: Harman Oren 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe application of game theory to evolutionary problems is so commonplace today, that few stop to consider how it all began. John Maynard Smith and George R. Price's 1973 Nature article, “The Logic of Animal Conflict,” is often referred to as the first description in the literature of the concept of an evolutionary stable strategy (ESS), but what was the “behind the scenes” of the writing of that seminal paper? This article tracks the little known story of the curious American polymath, George Price. As will be shown, it was an earlier paper, the lost “Antlers, Intraspecific Combat, and Altruism,” sent by Price to Nature in August 1968 (Unpublished), and refereed by Maynard Smith, which instigated the birth of the first ESS. Recently, the “Antlers” paper has been re‐discovered by the author, shedding new light, together with letters and journals from the personal papers of George Price and John Maynard Smith, on their historical paper. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:1–9, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Computational Study of the Molecular Recognition of Nucleic Acid Bases by Poly(vinyldiaminotriazine)
Authors: Czernek Jiří 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary:The enthalpic gain upon formation of the complexes of the poly(vinyldiaminotriazine) model with purine, uracil and xanthine has been assessed by means of the RI‐MP2 interaction energy calculations. Based on the underlying RI‐DFT‐D geometrical optimizations, the molecular‐level insight into the recognition processes has been proposed.
Micellar and Antibody‐Targeted Polymer Therapeutics
Authors: Etrych T. , Chytil P. , Kovář L. , Říhová B. , Ulbrich K. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary: Synthesis, physicochemical and some biological properties of new actively targeted antibody‐containing and passively targeted micellar polymer ‐ doxorubicin conjugates were investigated. Polymer precursors used for the synthesis of the conjugates were based on semitelechelic N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers with reactive groups situated at the polymer chain end or on multivalent copolymer with groups randomly distributed along the polymer backbone. Micellar HPMA‐copolymer‐based pharmaceuticals were prepared by self‐assembly of copolymer–doxorubicin conjugates containing hydrophobic cholesterol ligands attached to the copolymer via hydrolytically degradable spacer. pH‐Controlled release of cholesterol derivative is a key‐point for disintegration of the micellar drug carrier after delivering the drug to the tumor tissue. Synthesis of star antibody‐targeted polymer conjugates takes advantage of reduction of disulfide bridges in antibody with dithiothreitol followed by conjugation with the semitelechelic copolymer thus avoiding modification of the binding site in the antibody for its antigen. Both conjugates differing in their molecular architecture and mechanism of action are promising candidates for in vivo antitumor therapy.
Preparation of Self‐Organized Porous Polymer Masks for Si Dry Etching
Authors: Hirai Yuji , Yabu Hiroshi , Matsuo Yasutaka , Ijiro Kuniharu , Shimomura Masatsugu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary: Self‐organized honeycomb‐patterned polymer films were prepared by using condensed water droplet arrays as templates. Porous polymer masks for dry etching were easily prepared on Si substrates by peeling off the honeycomb‐patterned films. After dry etching, hexagonally‐arranged micro‐pores were formed on the surface of Si substrates.
Polymer Nano‐ and Microparticle Based Systems for Medical Diagnostics
Authors: Slomkowski Stanislaw , Basinska Teresa 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary: Synthesis, properties and medical diagnostic applications of hydrophilic nano‐ and microspheres with carboxyl, aldehyde and hydroxyl groups on their surface are described. The particles were obtained by emulsion copolymerization of styrene, acrolein, methyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate carried on in water media and initiated with potassium persulfate. Stabilization of particles' suspensions was provided by addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to polymerizing mixture or by formation of surfactants in situ in copolymerization involving acrolein or α‐tert‐butoxy‐ω‐vinylbenzyl‐polyglycidol macromonomer (PGL). Relations between interfacial properties of these particles and their ability for covalent immobilization of proteins, with eliminated or at least reduced nonspecific adsorption of these species were investigated. The particles with covalently attached proteins (antigens or antibodies) were used for preparation of diagnostic tests based on visual or turbidimetric observation of particles' aggregation or by monitoring changes in their electrophoretic mobility accompanying specific antigen (or antibody) binding. The later test was directed toward determination of antibodies against Helicobacter pylori. Principle of a new type of diagnostic test based on photonic crystals of microspheres are described.
Hydrogen Economy and Polymer Membranes
Authors: Pientka Zbyněk , Schauer Jan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSummary: Hydrogen can be separated from its mixtures using polymer foams with closed cells. Each cell serves as a gas container which is filled through its walls – separation membranes. Foam, as a manifold membrane system, utilizes transient states of permeation and thus takes advantage of fastest diffusion of hydrogen. Large scale manufactured polystyrene foams were chosen to demonstrate the phenomenon. Novel proton conducting membranes containing ionic liquids are being developed. They can perform in intermediate‐temperature fuel cells (FC).
Amyloid imaging of Lewy body‐associated disorders
Authors: Foster Erin R. , Campbell Meghan C. , Burack Michelle A. , Hartlein Johanna , Flores Hubert P. , Cairns Nigel J. , Hershey Tamara , Perlmutter Joel S. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractClinicopathologic studies of Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) commonly reveal abnormal β‐amyloid deposition in addition to diffuse Lewy bodies (α‐synuclein aggregates), but the relationship among these neuropathologic features and the development of dementia in these disorders remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether amyloid‐β deposition detected by PET imaging with Pittsburgh Compound B (PIB) distinguishes clinical subtypes of Lewy body‐associated disorders. Nine healthy controls, 8 PD with no cognitive impairment, 9 PD with mild cognitive impairment, 6 DLB, and 15 PDD patients underwent [11C]‐PIB positron emission tomography imaging, clinical examination, and cognitive testing. The binding potential (BP) of PIB for predefined regions and the mean cortical BP (MCBP) were calculated for each participant. Annual longitudinal follow‐up and postmortem examinations were performed on a subset of participants. Regional PIB BPs and the proportion of individuals with abnormally elevated MCBP were not significantly different across participant groups. Elevated PIB binding was associated with worse global cognitive impairment in participants with Lewy body disorders but was not associated with any other clinical or neuropsychological features, including earlier onset or faster rate of progression of cognitive impairment. These results suggest that the presence of fibrillar amyloid‐β does not distinguish between clinical subtypes of Lewy body‐associated disorders, although larger numbers are needed to more definitively rule out this association. Amyloid‐β may modify the severity of global cognitive impairment in individuals with Lewy body‐associated dementia. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
What are the most important nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease and are we missing them?
Authors: Gallagher David A. , Lees Andrew J. , Schrag Anette 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNonmotor symptoms (NMS) are increasingly recognized as important and neglected aspects of Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated their relative frequency and comparative impact on health‐related quality of life (Hr‐QoL) using validated questionnaires. In addition, we assessed the rate of reporting of NMS in neurology clinics compared with their subjective impact on patients. We used a range of validated clinimetric scales of motor and nonmotor symptoms and Hr‐QoL to assess consecutive patients with PD. Reporting of NMS was assessed by comparison with case note documentation. A mean of 11 of 30 NMS per patient were elicited on the NMS questionnaire of which on average 4.8 were reported in the clinical notes (44%). The most common NMS were autonomic (particularly urinary). The Hr‐QoL scores correlated most strongly with autonomic dysfunction (r = 0.84; particularly urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms), mood (r = 0.74), fatigue (r = 0.74), sleep problems (nocturnal r = 0.55; daytime somnolence r = 0.65), pain (r = 0.56), and psychosis (r = 0.55, all p < 0.0001) followed by UPDRS motor score (r = 0.48, p < 0.0001). Greater motor fluctuations (r = 0.57) and dyskinesia (r = 0.43, both p < 0.0001) were also associated with worse Hr‐QoL. In multivariate analysis, depression had the strongest association with Hr‐QoL (adjusted R2 = 0.53, p = 0.005) followed by fatigue, thermoregulatory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular autonomic function (especially orthostatic hypotension), daytime somnolence, and urinary problems. This study demonstrates that a autonomic dysfunction, psychiatric complications, pain, fatigue, and sleep problems are major correlates of poor Hr‐QoL. However, whilst psychiatric problems are increasingly documented, many symptoms (particularly those possibly perceived as embarrassing or unrelated) remain under‐reported. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society