bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior epidural migration of herniated lumbar disc fragment
Authors: Sengoz Ahmet , Kotil Kadir , Tasdemiroglu Erol 
Published: January 2011

Object
Posterior epidural migration of a free disc fragment in the lumbar region is a very rare condition that has only been reported in isolated cases to date. Patients with this condition present with radiculopathy or major neurological deficits. Difficulties in diagnosis and the choice and timing of surgical treatment are important in these cases. In this clinical case series, features of cases with posterior epidural migration of free lumbar disc fragments accompanied by cauda equina syndrome are discussed.

Methods
Eight cases (0.27%) of posterior epidural migration of disc fragments were detected among 2880 patients surgically treated for lumbar disc herniation between 1995 and 2008. Seven of these patients had cauda equina syndrome. The mean duration of symptoms in the 8 cases was 4.2 days (range 1–10 days). The group included 6 men and 2 women, with a mean age of 48 years (range 34–72 years). The sequestered disc fragments were at the L3–4 level in 6 patients (75%) and the L4–5 level in 2 (25%). Magnetic resonance imaging showed tumor-like ring contrast enhancement around sequestered fragments in 5 patients. The patients' motor, sensory, sexual, and urological functions were evaluated postoperatively, and modified Odom criteria and a visual analog scale were used in the assessment of postoperative outcomes.

Results
A microsurgical approach was used in all cases. Sequestrectomy with minimal hemilaminotomy and removal of the free segments were performed. The patients were followed up for a mean period of 28.5 months. Three patients (37.5%) had excellent results, 3 (37.5%) had good results, 1 patient (12.5%) had fair results, and only 1 patient had poor results according to the Odom criteria. The main factors affecting the long-term outcomes were the presence of cauda equina syndrome and the time period between onset of symptoms and surgery.

Conclusions
Patients with posterior migration of a disc fragment present with severe neurological deficits such as cauda equina syndrome. Because the radiological images of disc fragments may mimic those of other more common posterior epidural space–occupying lesions, definite diagnosis of posteriorly located disc fragments is difficult. All of these lesions can be completely removed with hemilaminotomy and sequestrectomy, and early surgical treatment is important as a first choice to prevent severe neurological deficits.
In vitro comparison of the pullout strength of 3 anterior double-screw fixation techniques with different screw angulations
Authors: Fuerderer Sebastian , Vonhoegen Jan , Coenen Oliver , Michael Joern , Koebke Juergen , Eysel Peer 
Published: January 2011

Object
The pullout resistance of double-screw fixation systems in anterior spine surgery has been shown to be dependent on screw length as well as on screw angulation. The objective of the study was to evaluate the pullout strength of anterior double-screw systems with different angulations.

Methods
The authors conducted a comparative pullout test of converging, parallel, and diverging angulations of double-screw systems in human cadavers. Twenty-four human vertebral bodies from T-11 to L-1 were harvested from 8 donors, dissected from surrounding tissue, and matched to 3 different fixation groups. Three systems were tested: VentroFix, with near parallel screw direction; the Hopf Anterior Fixation System (HAFS), with converging screw angulation; and the ART anterior system, with diverging screw angulation.

Results
The mean (± SD) pullout strength of the VentroFix system was 699 ± 214 N, whereas the HAFS resisted to 591 ± 372 N. The ART anterior system with diverging screws demonstrated a pullout resistance of 810 ± 273 N. There was no significant difference amongst the pullout forces of the 3 groups (p > 0.05). In the HAFS and the ART anterior group, a weak correlation of pullout strength and bone mineral density measured by quantitative CT was found (r = 0.59 and r = 0.62, respectively), whereas the pullout force of the VentroFix system was not correlated with bone mineral density (r = 0.33).

Conclusions
The in vitro pullout resistance of anterior double-screw systems does not appear to depend on screw angulation.
Sediment Source for Melt-Water Deposits
Authors: Pessl Fred , Frederick Jan E. 
Published: January 2011

A question is posed regarding the source of melt-water sediment. Does stagnant ice, functionally separated from active ice and gradually melting in place, contain enough rock debris to account for the volume of melt-water deposits known to exist in deglaciated areas, or does the volume of these deposits require a sediment source in close association with active ice from which the supply of rock debris is continually replenished?Differing opinions on this question are implied in two contrasting models for deglaciation in the north-eastern United States. One, involving regional stagnation, assumes a sediment source in stagnant glacier ice; the other, involving stagnation-zone retreat, considers active ice the principal sediment source. This paper presents reported values of debris content in glacier ice and uses these values to calculate theoretical sediment volumes for a small drainage basin (1 300 km2) in northeastern U.S.A.A typical value for the amount of rock debris in temperate glacier ice is 25% (volume) debris content in a 400 mm-thick basal debrisrich zone. This value gives a calculated sediment volume of 0.13 km3, about 6% of the estimated actual volume of melt-Hater sediment in the test basin. Comparison of calculated theoretical sediment volume with the estimated actual sediment volume in the basin indicates that stagnant ice is an inadequate sediment source, and that active ice, rather than stagnant ice, is probably the principal sediment source for melt-water deposits.
Glaciomarine Sediments and Suspended Particulate Matter, Weddell sea, Antarctica (Abstract only)
Authors: Elverhøi Anders , Roaldset Elen 
Published: January 2011

Samples of glaciomarine sediments and suspended particulate matter filtered from sea-water were collected in the Weddell Sea during the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition (NARE) in 1978–79. Analyses have provided information on the textural and mineralogical composition of shelf sediments, on the nature of biogenic and inorganic suspended particulate matter, and on the total sediment transport to the shelf areas and further into the deeper waters (Orheim and Elverhøi 1981).The shelf waters contain 0.1 to 1.2 g m–3 of suspended particulate matter, which is close to the range of 0.5 to 1.5 g m–3 reported for suspension concentrations in the oceans, but considerably lower than that found for some other glaciomarine environments such as the Bering Sea {up to 13-15 g m–3 (Lisitzin 1972)) and off Kongsbreen, Spitsbergen {up to 500 g m–3 (Elverhøi and others 1980)).Suspended particles from the Weddell Sea have maximum sizes of 50 to 70 µm and mean diameters in the range of 10 to 20 µm. In contrast, the bottom sediments on the outer shelf are deficient in the corresponding fractions. This reflects that when floating Antarctic ice supplies material to the Weddell Sea, the coarser fragments (>20-70 µm) are deposited, while the medium silt and finer fractions go into suspension. Considering the suspended-load data and the bottom-current measurements on the shelf break, it is evident that in January 1979 an average of 8.6 × 104tonnes d–1 (or 32 × 106 tonnes a–l) of particulate matter was transported by the current from the central Weddell Sea to the South Atlantic deep water. Morphological (scanning electron microscopy) and chemical analyses show the suspended material to be dominated by silica organisms (diatoms), and also to contain clastic grains of phyllosilicates, feldspar, quartz, zircon, in a few cases Al- and Fe-hydroxides/oxides also; authigenic “Fe-sepiolite” and secondary gypsum.Mineralogical analyses (X-ray diffraction) of the bottom sediments show the fine sand silt fractions to contain mainly clastic materials like illite, smectite-vermiculite, and quartz. Biogenic silica (cristobalite) and carbonate (Mg-calcite) as well as authigenic Fe-silicates (“Fe-sepiolite”) are also present.
A Model for Sedimentation by Tidewater Glaciers
Authors: Powell Ross D. 
Published: January 2011

Sampling of sediment from the fjord floor in front of tidewater glaciers in Glacier Bay, Alaska, has provided information about processes in this restricted glacimarine (Dreimanis 1979) setting. Sediment sampling, in conjunction with oceanographic and glacial dynamics data, has also enabled the discrimination of sediment types and their facies associations. Deposits are strongly controlled by: sea-water characteristics, position and sediment discharge of melt-water streams, iceberg calving, and rate of glacierfront retreat.Five distinct facies associations have been found to reflect glacier-fjord regimes. The facies associations and ice-fjord conditions responsible for them form the basis for constructing a preliminary model for glacimarine sedimentation by tidewater glaciers. The model can be used to predict (i) rapid retreat of an actively calving ice front, (ii) slow retreat or stabilization of a calving ice front at a channel constriction, (iii) stabilization of a melting (very rarely calving) ice front when the glacier base is near tidewater elevation, and (iv) large outwash delta progradation into a fjord when the ice front retreats onto land. This model can be used to interpret facies associations found in a stratigraphic record.
Effect of Normal Pressure on Glacier Sliding (Abstract only)
Authors: Hooke Roger L. 
Published: January 2011

Mercury is used to force a block of ice, measuring 0.20 ⨯ 0.45 m in area and 0.20 m in height, over an irregular bed. Normal and shear stresses on the bed can be varied up to 15 and 3 ⨯ 105 Pa respectively, so the apparatus permits a full-scale simulation of sliding of a 150 m thick glacier over irregularities a few tens of millimeters in height.Preliminary results of an experiment in which ice slid over a bed consisting of two streamlined bumps, roughly 15 mm in height, suggest that sliding velocity is independent of normal pressure in the absence of cavitation. This is consistent with existing theoretical models of glacier sliding (Weertman 1964, Kamb 1970, Lliboutry 1979), but is not consistent with the experimental results of Budd and others (1979). Further studies are needed to determine the reasons for this disagreement.
Notes de littérature et de géographie ecclésiastiques
Authors: Darrouzès Jean 
Published: January 2011

REB 50 1992 France p. 87-112
J. Dabrouzès, Notes de littérature et de géographie ecclésiastiques. — L'article contient trente-six notices concernant autant d'églises ou de monastères de Bithynie et de Paphlagonie. Elles sont regroupées sous les trois éparchies de l'Asie Mineure septentrionale : Honoriade, Paphlagonie, Hélénopont.
Note sur la localisation de Nikertai
Authors: Fourdrin Jean-Pascal 
Published: January 2011

REB 51 1993 France p. 177-183
J.-P. Fourdrin, Note sur la localisation de Nikerlai. — L'emplacement du gros bourg paléochrétien de Nikertai en Apamène, où deux monastères importants furent créés à la fin du 4e siècle (Histoire Philolhée de Théodoret de Cyr), est fixé par la tombe du calife omeyyade 'Umar, enterré en 720 en cet endroit selon des sources syriaques et arabes, dont la plus ancienne est postérieure d'un siècle à l'événement. La tombe califale est toujours honorée dans une construction du village actuel de Deir al-Sarqi, près de Ma'arret en-Nom'an.
Théodore Lecteur et sa « réunion de différentes Histoires » de l'Église
Authors: Nautin Pierre 
Published: January 2011

REB 52 1994 France p. 213-243
P. Nautin, Théodore Lecteur et sa «réunion de différentes Histoires» de l'Église. — Théodore Lecteur est connu comme l'auteur d'une compilation des Histoires ecclésiastiques de Théodoret, Socrate et Sozomène et d'une continuation de leur récit jusqu'en 518. La présente étude montre que ces deux ouvrages n'étaient en réalité que les deux dernières sections d'une Histoire générale de l'Église partant de la naissance de Jésus et reproduisant d'abord l'Histoire ecclésiastique d'Eusèbe et Gélase de Césarée. Elle reconstitue la structure de l'œuvre entière et les circonstances de sa composition. Elle donne en outre une édition critique et un commentaire du prologue de Théodore.
Changements d’occupation du sol et leurs impacts climatiques au Mato Grosso, Brésil
Authors: Dubreuil Vincent , Delahaye Camille , Le Strat Adeline 
Published: January 2011

Les changements d’occupation du sol (déforestation, urbanisation) en Amazonie brésilienne ont des conséquences sensibles sur les températures à l’échelle locale. Cet article présente une comparaison sur les températures du mois de juillet 2007 entre la zone urbanisée, la zone défrichée au profit de pâturages et celle couverte par la forêt dans la région d’Alta Floresta (Mato Grosso). Ces variations sont marquées en journée mais surtout en début et fin de journée (avec les écarts importants entre les températures de 2°C à 4,3°C entre le secteur forestier et le centre-ville). Le secteur défriché apparaît toujours globalement plus chaud que la région forestière. Une seconde partie de l’article concerne l’étude de l’îlot de chaleur urbain pour 3 villes du Mato Grosso : Rondonopolis, Sorriso et Sinop. Les observations réalisées par la méthode des transects mobiles en juillet 2009 montrent que les températures sont plus élevées dans les secteurs urbanisés denses, même si des différences existent au sein même des villes. L’effet d’îlot de chaleur urbain est particulièrement bien marqué surtout pendant la nuit et la saison sèche mais, localement, le rôle de la topographie et des parcs est bien sensible également (îlots de fraîcheur).
Effective Guanidine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Carbonate and Carbamate Derivatives from Propargyl Alcohols in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ca' Nicola Della , Gabriele Bartolo , Ruffolo Giuseppe , Veltri Lucia , Zanetta Tito , Costa Mirco 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe reactions of propargyl alcohols with carbon dioxide in supercritical carbon dioxide or in acetonitrile with gaseous carbon dioxide in the presence of organic bases as catalysts have been examined. Bicyclic guanidines are effective catalysts for the formation of α‐methylene cyclic carbonates under mild reaction conditions. Oxoalkyl carbonates, oxoalkyl carbamates or α‐methyleneoxazolidinones are obtained in high yields and good selectivities in one‐step starting from propargyl alcohols and an external nucleophile (alcohols or amines) using bicyclic guanidines as catalysts in supercritical carbon dioxide. Propargylic diols under the same reaction conditions underwent a rearrangement process instead of carbon dioxide insertion whereas in the presence of an external nucleophile the formation of oxocarbonates, oxocarbamates or cyclic carbamates was achieved in satisfactory yields.
Lithium Fast‐Ionic Conduction in Complex Hydrides: Review and Prospects
Authors: Matsuo Motoaki , Orimo Shin‐ichi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractComplex hydrides exhibit various energy‐related functions such as hydrogen storage, microwave absorption, and neutron shielding. Furthermore, another novel energy‐related function was recently reported by the authors; lithium fast‐ionic conduction, which suggests that complex hydrides may be a potential candidate for solid electrolytes in lithium‐ion batteries. This review presents the recent progress in the development of lithium fast‐ionic conductors of complex hydrides. First, the fast‐ionic conduction in LiBH4 as a result of clarifying the mechanism of microwave absorption is presented, and then the conceptual development of complex hydrides as a new type of solid‐state lithium fast‐ionic conductors in LiBH4–, LiNH2–, and LiAlH4‐based complex hydrides is discussed. Finally, the future prospects of this study from both application and fundamental viewpoints are described: possible use as solid electrolytes for batteries, formation of ionic liquids in complex hydrides, and similarity between complex hydrides and Laves‐phase metal hydrides.
Quantum Dot–Sensitized Solar Cells Featuring CuS/CoS Electrodes Provide 4.1% Efficiency
Authors: Yang Zusing , Chen Chia‐Ying , Liu Chi‐Wei , Li Chi‐Lin , Chang Huan‐Tsung 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCuS, CoS, and CuS/CoS onto fluorine‐doped tin oxide glass substrates were deposited to function as counter electrodes for polysulfide redox reactions in CdS/CdSe quantum dot–sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Relative to a Pt electrode, the CuS, CoS, and CuS/CoS electrodes provide greater electrocatalytic activity, higher reflectivity, and lower charge‐transfer resistance. Measurements of fill factor and short‐current density reveal that the electrocatalytic activities, reflectivity, and internal resistance of counter electrodes play strong roles in determining the energy‐conversion efficiency (η) of the QDSSCs. Because the CuS/CoS electrode has a smaller internal resistance and higher reflectivity relative to those of the CuS and CoS electrodes, it exhibits a higher fill factor and short‐circuit current density. As a result, the QDSSC featuring a CuS/CoS electrode provides a higher value of η. Under illumination of one sun (100 mW cm−2), the QDSSCs incorporating Pt, CuS, CoS, and CuS/CoS counter electrodes provide values of η of 3.0 ± 0.1, 3.3 ± 0.3, 3.8 ± 0.2, and 4.1 ± 0.2%, respectively.
Responsive photonische Kristalle
Authors: Ge Jianping , Yin Yadong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDieser Aufsatz fasst jüngste Entwicklung auf dem Gebiet der responsiven photonischen Kristalle zusammen, einschließlich Design‐, Fertigungs‐ und Anwendungsstrategien, z. B. als optische Schalter oder chemische und biologische Sensoren. Eine Reihe von Fertigungsmethoden für responsive photonische Strukturen ist heute verfügbar, die hauptsächlich auf Selbstorganisationsprozessen beruhen. Gegenüber Mikrofertigungsverfahren besitzen diese Ansätze die Vorteile geringerer Prozesskosten und einer besseren Produktionseffizienz, es gibt aber noch beträchtliche Herausforderungen zu bewältigen. Einige Techniken wie Schleuderbeschichtung, magnetische Aggregation und durchflussinduzierte Selbstorganisation erweisen sich hier als vielversprechend. Entscheidende Hinweise für den Entwurf neuer, verbesserter Systeme könnte das Vorbild natürlicher photonischer Strukturen bieten.
Responsive Photonic Crystals
Authors: Ge Jianping , Yin Yadong 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis Review summarizes recent developments in the field of responsive photonic crystal structures, including principles for design and fabrication and many strategies for applications, for example as optical switches or chemical and biological sensors. A number of fabrication methods are now available to realize responsive photonic structures, the majority of which rely on self‐assembly processes to achieve ordering. Compared with microfabrication techniques, self‐assembly approaches have lower processing costs and higher production efficiency, however, major efforts are still needed to further develop such approaches. In fact, some emerging techniques such as spin coating, magnetic assembly, and flow‐induced self‐assembly have already shown great promise in overcoming current challenges. When designing new systems with improved performance, it is always helpful to bear in mind the lessons learnt from natural photonic structures.
Vinylarene/CO Copolymerization and Vinylarene/Polar Vinyl Monomer/CO Terpolymerization Using Palladium/Phosphine‐Sulfonate Catalysts
Authors: Kageyama Takeharu , Ito Shingo , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPalladium/phosphine‐sulfonate complexes were effective for the alternating copolymerization of vinylarenes with carbon monoxide (CO). The obtained copolymers had iso‐enriched microstructures with ll selectivity of up to circa 60 %. The catalytic system was successfully applied to the terpolymerization of vinylarene and polar vinyl monomers with CO to produce novel terpolymers, which could not be obtained by using previously developed catalysts. NMR and DSC analyses suggested that vinylarene/CO units and polar vinyl monomer/CO units were randomly distributed in the terpolymer main chains.
Improving energy efficiency and enabling water recycling in biorefineries using bioelectrochemical systems†
Authors: Borole Abhijeet P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractImproving biofuel yield and water reuse are two important issues in the further development of biorefineries. An alternative to the typical combustion‐based approach to handle residual organics stream by implementation of bioelectrochemical systems such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and/or microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) to improve energy recovery from biomass is presented. The potential advantages of this alternative scheme in a biorefinery include minimization of heat loss and generation of a higher‐value product: electricity (in MFC) or hydrogen (MEC). The need for 5–15 gallons of water per gallon of ethanol can be reduced significantly via recycling of water after MEC treatment. Removal of inhibitory byproducts such as furans, phenolics, and acetate in MFC/MECs to generate energy, thus, has dual advantages: improvements in energy efficiency and ability to recycle water. Conversion of the sugar‐ and lignin‐degradation products to hydrogen is synergistic with biorefinery hydrogen requirements for upgrading Fischer‐Tropsch (F‐T) liquids and other byproducts to high‐octane fuels and/or high‐value products. Some of these products include sorbitol, succinic acid, furan and levulinate derivatives, glycols, polyols, 1,4‐butenadiol, phenolics polymers, etc. Potential process alternatives utilizing MECs in biorefineries capable of improving energy efficiency by up to 30% are discussed. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Randomized clinical trial of short-term outcomes following purse-string versus conventional closure of ileostomy wounds (Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1511–1517)
Authors: Moreton A , Shankar S , Jones S 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Essential Oils from Neotropical Myrtaceae: Chemical Diversity and Biological Properties
Authors: Stefanello Maria Élida Alves , Pascoal Aislan C. R. F. , Salvador Marcos J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMyrtaceae family (121 genera, 3800–5800 spp.) is one of the most important families in tropical forests. They are aromatic trees or shrubs, which frequently produce edible fruits. In the neotropics, ca. 1000 species were found. Several members of this family are used in folk medicine, mainly as an antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cleanser, antirheumatic, and anti‐inflammatory agent and to decrease the blood cholesterol. In addition, some fruits are eaten fresh or used to make juices, liqueurs, and sweets very much appreciated by people. The flavor composition of some fruits belonging to the Myrtaceae family has been extensively studied due to their pleasant and intense aromas. Most of the essential oils of neotropical Myrtaceae analyzed so far are characterized by predominance of sesquiterpenes, some with important biological properties. In the present work, chemical and pharmacological studies carried out on neotropical Myrtaceae species are reviewed, based on original articles published since 1980. The uses in folk medicine and chemotaxonomic importance of secondary metabolites are also briefly discussed.