bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rice Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable ElementmPingIs an Effective Insertional Mutagen in Soybean
Authors: Hancock C. Nathan , Zhang Feng , Floyd Kristen , Richardson Aaron O. , LaFayette Peter , Tucker Donna , Wessler Susan R. , Parrott Wayne A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInsertional mutagenesis of legume genomes such as soybean (Glycine max) should aid in identifying genes responsible for key traits such as nitrogen fixation and seed quality. The relatively low throughput of soybean transformation necessitates the use of a transposon-tagging strategy where a single transformation event will produce many mutations over a number of generations. However, existing transposon-tagging tools being used in legumes are of limited utility because of restricted transposition (Ac/Ds: soybean) or the requirement for tissue culture activation (Tnt1: Medicago truncatula). A recently discovered transposable element from rice (Oryza sativa), mPing, and the genes required for its mobilization, were transferred to soybean to determine if it will be an improvement over the other available transposon-tagging tools. Stable transformation events in soybean were tested for mPing transposition. Analysis of mPing excision at early and late embryo developmental stages revealed increased excision during late development in most transgenic lines, suggesting that transposition is developmentally regulated. Transgenic lines that produced heritable mPing insertions were identified, with the plants from the highest activity line producing at least one new insertion per generation. Analysis of the mPing insertion sites in the soybean genome revealed that features displayed in rice were retained including transposition to unlinked sites and a preference for insertion within 2.5 kb of a gene. Taken together these findings indicate that mPing has the characteristics necessary for an effective transposon-tagging resource.
The Pleistocene tectono‐‐sedimentary evolution of the Apenninic foreland basin between Trigno and Fortore rivers (Southern Italy) through a sequence‐stratigraphic perspective
Authors: Bracone V. , Amorosi A. , Aucelli P. P. C. , Rosskopf C. M. , Scarciglia F. , Di Donato V. , Esposito P. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA basin‐scale, integrated approach, including sedimentological, geomorphological and soil data, enables the reliable reconstruction of the infilling history of the southern Apenninic foredeep, with its subsequent inclusion in the wedge‐top of the foreland basin system. An example is shown from the Molise‐Apulian Apennines (Southern Italy), between Trigno and Fortore rivers, where the Pleistocene tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the basin is framed into a sequence‐stratigraphic scheme. Specifically, within the traditional subdivision into Quaternary marine (Qm) and Quaternary continental (Qc) depositional cycles, five third‐order depositional sequences (Qm1, Qm2, Qc1, Qc2 and Qc3) are identified based on recognition of four major stratigraphic discontinuities. The lower sequence boundaries are represented by angular unconformities or abrupt facies shifts and are generally associated with distinctive pedological and geomorphological features. Three paleosols, observed at top of depositional sequences Qm2, Qc1 and Qc2, represent pedostratigraphic markers that can be tracked basinwide. The geomorphological response to major tectono‐sedimentary events is marked by a series of paleosurfaces with erosional, depositional and complex characteristics. Detailed investigation of the relationships between stratigraphic architecture and development of unconformities, paleosols and paleosurfaces suggests that the four sequence boundaries were formed in response to four geomorphological phases/tectonic events which affected the basin during the Quaternary. The first three tectonic events (Lower‐Middle Pleistocene), marking the lower boundaries of sequences Qm2, Qc1 and Qc2, respectively, are interpreted to be related to the tectonic regime that characterized the last phase of thrusting recorded in the Southern Apennines. In contrast, sequence Qc3 does not display evidence of thrust tectonics and accumulated as a result of a phase of regional uplift starting with the Middle Pleistocene.
Diminished regulatory T cells in cutaneous lesions of thymoma-associated multi-organ autoimmunity: a newly described paraneoplastic autoimmune disorder with fatal clinical course
Authors: Hanafusa T , Azukizawa H , Kitaba S , Murota H , Umegaki N , Terao M , Sano S , Nakagiri T , Okumura M , Katayama I 
Published: August 2011

Summary
Thymoma-associated multi-organ autoimmunity is a rare, autoimmune disease that causes colitis, liver dysfunction and cutaneous graft-versus-host (GVH)-like skin damage. This paraneoplastic autoimmune disorder may be due to inadequate T cell selection in the tumour environment of the thymus. Although sporadic case reports have revealed its clinical features, little is known about its pathological mechanism. By comparing the skin-infiltrating T cell subsets with those of GVH disease (GVHD) and other inflammatory skin diseases, we sought to elucidate the pathological mechanism of thymoma-associated multi-organ autoimmunity. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies was performed for three patients with thymoma-associated multi-organ autoimmunity. Histopathological findings of thymoma-associated multi-organ autoimmunity were indistinguishable from those of patients with acute GVHD, although the aetiologies of these diseases are completely different. The frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is reduced in cutaneous lesions and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes that massively infiltrate into the epidermis of patients with thymoma-associated multi-organ autoimmunity. Additionally, the ratio of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells to CD4+ cells in patients with thymoma-associated multi-organ autoimmunity and acute GVHD was higher than that in healthy controls, but similar to that in psoriasis vulgaris patients. Similarity of the skin-infiltrating T cell subsets with those of acute GVHD suggested that skin damage in patients with thymoma-associated multi-organ autoimmunity might be induced by self-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes under the diminished suppressive capacity of Tregs.
Determining factors in evidence‐based clinical practice among hospital and primary care nursing staff
Authors: De Pedro‐Gómez Joan , Morales‐Asencio José Miguel , Bennasar‐Veny Miquel , Artigues‐Vives Guillem , Perelló‐Campaner Catalina , Gómez‐Picard Patricia 
Published: August 2011

de pedro‐gómez j., morales‐asencio j.m., bennasar‐veny m., artigues‐vives g., perelló‐campaner c. & gómez‐picard p. (2012) Determining factors in evidence‐based clinical practice among hospital and primary care nursing staff. Journal of Advanced Nursing 68(2), 452–459.AbstractAim.  The general aim of this study is to identify key factors perceived by nurses to influence evidence‐based clinical practice at different centres.Background.  During the last decade, there has been an increased interest in the identification of factors that facilitate the transfer of knowledge into clinical practice, among health care professionals. Previous research states that a suitable organisational framework and practice environment seems to have influence on a greater use of scientific evidence by nurses, which can be directly observed in patient outcomes. In consequence, several authors suggest that strategies should be encouraged from managers and nurse executives to guarantee the existence of environments that avoid emotional exhaustion and improve satisfaction of nurses with their work, and at the same time, ensure the use of research‐guided nursing decisions.Methods.  Following the Spanish validation of the Practice Environment Scale‐Nursing Work Index and Evidence Based Practice Questionnaire, a descriptive observational cross‐sectional study has been conceived, from 2010 to 2011, in order to identify determining factors in evidence‐based clinical practice at different centres. In a second phase, a qualitative study has been designed, using focus groups, to identify practice factors that can lead to a successful implementation of evidence‐based clinical practice.Discussion.  Organisational and attitudinal interventions are needed in order to implement evidence‐based clinical practice that improves the quality of patient care.
Evidence‐based medicine and progress in the medical sciences
Authors: De Vreese Leen 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe question what scientific progress means for a particular domain such as medicine seems importantly different from the question what scientific progress is in general. While the latter question received ample treatment in the philosophical literature, the former question is hardly discussed. I argue that it is nonetheless important to think about this question in view of the methodological choices we make. I raise specific questions that should be tackled regarding scientific progress in the medical sciences and demonstrate their importance by means of an analysis of what evidence‐based medicine (EBM) has, and has not, to offer in terms of progress. I show how critically thinking about EBM from the point of view of progress can help us in putting EBM and its favoured methodologies in the right perspective. My conclusion will be that blindly favouring certain methods because of their immediately tangible short‐term benefits implies that we parry the important question of how best to advance progress in the long run. This leads us to losing sight of our general goals in doing research in the medical sciences.
Strong differences in chemical recognition cues between two closely related species of ants from the genus Lasius (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: MORRISON W. R. , WITTE V. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are increasingly recognized as important to insects and are used for constructing taxonomies. However, multiple parameters affect the expression of CHCs besides a genetic component. We propose that selection may act differently on the expression of CHCs, depending on the evolutionary context. To explore the influence of selection, the CHCs of two closely related ant species, Lasius niger and Lasius platythorax, were studied in a multidisciplinary approach. We characterized (i) CHCs and (ii) niches (through baiting, activity observations and foraging analysis). The species were distinct in both measures, although to a varying degree. Although they showed moderate niche partitioning along diet and environmental preferences, chemical differences were unexpectedly pronounced. This may be explained by divergent selection on mate recognition cues or by other influences on CHCs. Such striking chemical differences among closely related species may not be the rule and suggest that taxonomies based on CHCs should be interpreted cautiously; though, they remain useful tools for differentiating among cryptic species.
Comparative studies on temperature threshold for heat shock protein 70 induction in young and adult Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Haque N. , Ludri A. , Hossain S. A. , Ashutosh M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryTo know the temperature threshold for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) induction in lymphocytes and to assess physiological changes, if any, in relation to HSP70 induction in young and adult Murrah buffaloes, this study was divided into two parts: I. In vivo study: where assay of HSP70 was performed in blood samples collected from acutely exposed young and adult Murrah buffaloes (n = 6) inside a climatic chamber at 40, 42 and 45 °C for 4 h and thermoneutral temperature (22 °C). Physiological parameters viz., rectal temperature, respiratory rate, pulse rate and skin temperature of different body parts were monitored to assess magnitude of stress in the animals owing to thermal exposure II. For in vitro study, equal numbers of lymphocyte cells were separated from blood collected from young and adult buffaloes and were subjected to four temperature treatments (38, 40, 42 and 45 °C) for 4 h. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in all the physiological parameters in both young and adult buffaloes was observed after exposure to 40, 42 and 45 °C for 4 h as compared to 38 °C. The average plasma HSP70 concentrations (ng/ml) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) at 40, 42 and 45 °C as compared to 38 °C in both young and adult and were higher in young than adult buffaloes at 38 and 45 °C. Heat shock protein 70 level in lymphocyte lysate showed highest concentration after 3‐h exposure to all temperatures (40, 42 and 45 °C) in both young and adult buffaloes. The intensity of changes of all physiological parameters was more in young animals than in the adults indicating the greater susceptibility of younger animals to heat stress and was found to be changed at around 40 °C when animals were exposed to different temperatures, indicating the possibility that HSP70 production may be initiated at this temperature which is 2 or 3 °C higher than core body temperature.
Adipokines and thrombosis
Authors: Schäfer Katrin , Konstantinides Stavros 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. An increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke and stent thrombosis after percutaneous interventions. Studies in mouse models of obesity and induced arterial or venous thrombosis have provided insights into the mechanisms involved.2. In addition to elevated circulating levels of fibrinogen, factor VII and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)‐1, changes in platelet biology and function may underlie the increased (athero) thrombotic risk in obesity. These include elevated platelet counts, an increase in mean platelet volume, an increased platelet aggregatory response to agonists and a reversible resistance to the anti‐aggregatory effects of nitric oxide and prostacyclin I2.3. Specific adipokines mediate the prothrombotic state in obesity. Of these, leptin enhances both arterial and venous thrombosis by promoting platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation. Leptin also induces tissue factor expression by human neutrophils and other cells. C‐Reactive protein enhances the formation of monocyte–platelet aggregates and also promotes P‐selectin expression and platelet adhesion to endothelial cells. Further, the adipose tissue is a significant source of tissue factor and PAI‐1. Conversely, the circulating levels of adiponectin, a hormone that exerts vasculoprotective, anti‐atherosclerotic and antithrombotic effects, are reduced in obese individuals.4. A better understanding of the interactions of the adipose tissue with circulating and vascular cells and the dissection of the mechanisms linking adipokines to arterial and venous thrombosis may identify obese individuals at particularly high cardiovascular risk and indicate promising vasculoprotective and therapeutic targets.
Aggressive behavior in patients with dementia: Correlates and management
Authors: Cipriani Gabriele , Vedovello Marcella , Nuti Angelo , Di Fiorino Mario 
Published: August 2011

Aim: To consider the phenomenon of aggressive behavior perpetrated by people with dementia.Methods: We searched electronic databases and key journals using the search terms: aggressive behavior; dementia; behavioral and psychological symptoms.Results: Aggressive behavior (AB) is probably one of the principal problems in dementia. Aggression is linked to internal factors (depression, psychosis, pain) and external determinants (caregiver burden, social stimulation, quality of caregiver–patient relationship). It has been suggested that challenging behavior in people with dementia reflects their premorbid personality traits.Conclusion: Over the course of the illness AB occurs in 30 to 50% of patients and causes extreme stress for caregivers. Careful identification of target symptoms and their consequences, non‐pharmacological approaches, and use of the least harmful medication for the shortest period of time should be the guiding principle of treatment.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2011; 11: 408–413.
Local Weighted Linear Combination
Authors: Malczewski Jacek 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe article focuses on one of the most often used GIS‐based multicriteria analysis methods: the weighted linear combination (WLC). The WLC model has traditionally been used as a global approach based on the implicit assumption that its parameters do not vary as a function of geographical space. This assumption is often unrealistic in real‐world situations. The article proposes a new approach to GIS‐based multicriteria analysis. It develops a local form of the global WLC model. The range sensitivity principle is used as a central concept for developing the local WLC model. The principle postulates that the greater the range of criterion values is, the greater the weight assigned to that criterion should be. Consequently, the local criterion weight can be defined for each neighborhood within a study area as a function of the range of criterion values in a given neighborhood. The range of criterion values provides also the base for defining the local value function. The article presents the theory behind the local WLC modeling and illustrates an implementation of the model in a GIS environment.
Monitoring Residual Spatial Patterns using Bayesian Hierarchical Spatial Modelling for Exploring Unknown Risk Factors
Authors: Law Jane , Chan Ping W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article studies Bayesian hierarchical spatial modelling that monitors the changes of residual spatial pattern (structure) of the outcome variable for exploring unknown risk factors in small‐area analysis. Spatially structured random effects (SRE) and unstructured random effects (URE) terms added to the conventional logistic regression model take into account overdispersion and residual spatial structure, which if unaccounted for could cause incorrect identification of risk factors. Mapping and/or calculating the ratio of random effects that are spatially‐structured monitor the extent of residual spatial structure. The monitoring provides insights into identification of unknown covariates that have similar spatial structures to those of SRE. Adding such covariates to the model has the potential to diminish the residual spatial structure, until possibly all or most of the spatial structure can be explained. Risk factors identified are the added covariates that have statistically significant regression coefficients. We apply the methods to the analysis of domestic burglaries in Cambridgeshire, England. Small‐area analysis of crime where data often display apparent spatial structure would particularly benefit from the methodologies. We discuss the methodologies, their relevancy in our analysis of domestic burglaries, their limitations, and possible paths for future research.
Street‐level Spatial Interpolation Using Network‐based IDW and Ordinary Kriging
Authors: Shiode Narushige , Shiode Shino 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study proposes network‐based spatial interpolation methods to help predict unknown spatial values along networks more accurately. It expands on two of the commonly used spatial interpolation methods, IDW (inverse distance weighting) and OK (ordinary kriging), and applies them to analyze spatial data observed on a network. The study first provides the methodological framework, and it then examines the validity of the proposed methods by cross‐validating elevations from two contrasting patterns of street network and comparing the MSEs (Mean Squared Errors) of the predicted values measured with the two proposed network‐based methods and their conventional counterparts. The study suggests that both network‐based IDW and network‐based OK are generally more accurate than their existing counterparts, with network‐based OK constantly outperforming the other methods. The network‐based methods also turn out to be more sensitive to the edge effect, and their performance improves after edge correction. Furthermore, the MSEs of standard OK and network‐based OK improve as more sample locations are used, whereas those of standard IDW and network‐based IDW remain stable regardless of the number of sample locations. The two network‐based methods use a similar set of sample locations, and their performance is inherently affected by the difference in their weight distribution among sample locations.
My, your and our needs for safety and security: relatives’ reflections on using information and communication technology in dementia care
Authors: Olsson Annakarin , Engström Maria , Skovdahl Kirsti , Lampic Claudia 
Published: August 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 104–112

My, your and our needs for safety and security: relatives’ reflections on using information and communication technology in dementia careAim:  The present paper reports on a study aimed at describing relatives′ reflections on different kinds of information and communication technology (ICT) devices that are used or can be used in the daily care of persons with dementia.Background:  Many persons with dementia continue living in their own homes, which requires the support of their relatives. One way to meet the needs of relatives and persons with dementia is to use ICT.Methods:  An interview study was conducted in Sweden (2007–2008) with a purposive sample of 14 spouses of a person with dementia. Qualitative content analysis was used to identify categories and themes in the data.Findings:  Relatives′ reflections on the use of ICT were described as ICT – a support in daily life, ICT – internal and external conditions and ICT – the decision to use or not use. Based on these categories, a theme was revealed: shifting between different perspectives: my, your and our needs for safety and security.Conclusion:  Relatives struggle to create a situation of safety and security in daily life for themselves and the persons with dementia. ICT devices with the right functionality and used at the right time are regarded as useful in solving everyday problems. In the decision to use or not use ICT, the opportunity to create a safe and secure environment overshadows potential ethical problems. Providing early information about ICT to persons with dementia and their relatives could facilitate joint decision‐making regarding use of ICT.
Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effectiveness to improve stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.) silage quality at various temperatures
Authors: LIU Qinhua , CHEN Mingxia , ZHANG Jianguo , SHI Shangli , CAI Yimin 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTTwo lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus SC1 and Lactobacillus paraplantarum SC2 isolated from king grass silage, were characterized and their effectiveness to improve the silage fermentation quality of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis Sw.) was studied. Strain SC1 was able to grow at a high temperature of 45°C, while SC2 did not. SC2 normally grew at a low pH of 4.0, while SC1 could not. These two strains and a commercial inoculant of LAB (L. plantarum, LP) were used as additives to stylo silage preparation at various temperatures (20°C, 30°C and 40°C). All LAB inoculants significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the pH value and ammonia‐N content, and increased the ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid and quality score compared with the control. In addition, inoculating LAB strains markedly (P < 0.05) reduced butyric acid content at the temperatures of 30°C and 40°C. Compared to SC2 and LP strains, strain SC1 was the most effective for improving stylo silage quality at 20°C, indicated by the increase in lactic acid, ratio of lactic acid to acetic acid and quality score. At 30°C and 40°C, there were no significant differences among SC1, SC2 and LP treatments in pH values, contents of acetic acid, butyric acid and ammonia‐N (P > 0.05).