bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of multi‐subject ICA methods for analysis of fMRI data
Authors: Erhardt Erik Barry , Rachakonda Srinivas , Bedrick Edward J. , Allen Elena A. , Adali Tülay , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSpatial independent component analysis (ICA) applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data identifies functionally connected networks by estimating spatially independent patterns from their linearly mixed fMRI signals. Several multi‐subject ICA approaches estimating subject‐specific time courses (TCs) and spatial maps (SMs) have been developed, however, there has not yet been a full comparison of the implications of their use. Here, we provide extensive comparisons of four multi‐subject ICA approaches in combination with data reduction methods for simulated and fMRI task data. For multi‐subject ICA, the data first undergo reduction at the subject and group levels using principal component analysis (PCA). Comparisons of subject‐specific, spatial concatenation, and group data mean subject‐level reduction strategies using PCA and probabilistic PCA (PPCA) show that computationally intensive PPCA is equivalent to PCA, and that subject‐specific and group data mean subject‐level PCA are preferred because of well‐estimated TCs and SMs. Second, aggregate independent components are estimated using either noise‐free ICA or probabilistic ICA (PICA). Third, subject‐specific SMs and TCs are estimated using back‐reconstruction. We compare several direct group ICA (GICA) back‐reconstruction approaches (GICA1‐GICA3) and an indirect back‐reconstruction approach, spatio‐temporal regression (STR, or dual regression). Results show the earlier group ICA (GICA1) approximates STR, however STR has contradictory assumptions and may show mixed‐component artifacts in estimated SMs. Our evidence‐based recommendation is to use GICA3, introduced here, with subject‐specific PCA and noise‐free ICA, providing the most robust and accurate estimated SMs and TCs in addition to offering an intuitive interpretation. Hum Brain Mapp, 2011. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carcinoma of unknown primary in the head and neck: Comparison between positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT
Authors: Keller Florian , Psychogios Georgios , Linke Rainer , Lell Michael , Kuwert Torsten , Iro Heinrich , Zenk Johannes 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundComparison of the diagnostic validity of positron emission tomography (PET) alone with integrated PET and CT (PET/CT) in the search for occult primary tumors in patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP) site in the head and neck.MethodsThirty‐nine consecutive patients with clinical CUP were investigated with PET and 38 patients with PET/CT. After initial diagnostic panendoscopy and histological confirmation of the cervical lymph node metastasis, either PET or PET/CT scanning was performed.ResultsIntegrated PET/CT had a significantly higher overall detection rate than dedicated PET alone (55.2% vs 30.8%; p = .039) and positive prediction rate (93.3% vs 46.1%; p = .01).ConclusionIntegrated PET/CT showed to be superior to PET in the detection of the primary site of clinically occult tumors in CUP syndrome. However, a negative result should still be investigated further by means of panendoscopy with tonsillectomy and blind biopsies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Pretreatment nutritional status and locoregional failure of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing definitive concurrent chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Platek Mary E. , Reid Mary E. , Wilding Gregory E. , Jaggernauth Wainwright , Rigual Nestor R. , Hicks Wesley L. , Popat Saurin R. , Warren Graham W. , Sullivan Maureen , Thorstad Wade L. , Khan Mohamed K. , Loree Thom R. , Singh Anurag K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study was carried out to determine if markers of nutritional status predict for locoregional failure following intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of 78 patients with SCCHN who received definitive CCRT. We compared patient factors, tumor characteristics, and nutritional status indicators between patients with and without locoregional failure.ResultsFifteen of 78 patients (19%) experienced locoregional failure. Median follow‐up for live patients was 38 months. On univariate analysis, pretreatment percentage of ideal body weight (%IBW) (p < .01), pretreatment hemoglobin (p = .04), and treatment duration (p < .01) were significant predictors of failure. On multivariate analysis, pretreatment %IBW (p = .04) and treatment time (p < .01) remained statistically significant.ConclusionsAlthough treatment time is an accepted risk factor for failure, differences in outcome for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing definitive CCRT based on pretreatment %IBW should be examined further. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Synthesis and Characterization of New 7‐Substituted 6,14‐Ethenomorphinane Derivatives: N‐{5‐[(5α,7α)‐4,5‐Epoxy‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐17‐methyl‐6,14‐ethenomorphinan‐7‐yl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl}arenamines
Authors: Yavuz Serkan , Yıldırır Yılmaz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractIn this study, (5α,7α)‐4,5‐epoxy‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐17‐methyl‐6,14‐ethenomorphinan‐7‐carboxylic acid hydrazide (5) was synthesized by the condensation of methyl (5α,7α)‐4,5‐epoxy‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐17‐methyl‐6,14‐ethenomorphinan‐7‐carboxylate (4) with NH2NH2⋅H2O. The (5α,7α)‐4,5‐epoxy‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐17‐methyl‐6,14‐ethenomorphinan‐7‐carboxylic acid 2‐[(arylamino)carbonyl]hydrazides 6a–6q were prepared by the reaction of 5 with corresponding substituted aryl isocyanates, and the N‐{5‐[(5α,7α)‐4,5‐epoxy‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐17‐methyl‐6,14‐ethenomorphinan‐7‐yl]‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl}arenamines 7a–7q were obtained via the cyclization reaction of 6a–6q in the presence of POCl3. The synthesized compounds have a rigid morphine structure, including the 6,14‐endo‐etheno bridge and the 5‐(arylamino)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl residue at C(7) adopting the (S)‐configuration (7α). The structures of the compounds were confirmed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS) and various spectroscopic methods such as FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, APT, and 2D‐NMR (HETCOR, COSY, INADEQUATE).
A New Antifungal Cyclic Lipopeptide from Bacillus marinus B‐9987
Authors: Liu Rong‐Feng , Zhang Dao‐Jing , Li Yuan‐Guang , Tao Li‐Ming , Tian Li 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA new cyclic lipopeptide, marihysin A (1), along with the three known cyclodipeptides cyclo(Ala‐Ile) (2), cyclo(Ala‐Leu) (3), and cyclo(Ala‐Tyr) (4), was isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine microorganism Bacillus marinus B‐9987 isolated from the tissues of rhizophere of Suaeda salsa in the intertidal zone of the Bohai Bay of P. R. China. Marihysin A (1) was established to be cyclo(Pro‐Gln‐Asn1‐Ser‐Asn2‐Tyr‐Asn3‐β‐aminotetradecanoic acid) by spectroscopic analysis, and it exhibits broad‐spectrum but low activity against plant pathogens as determined by antifungal bioassay.
Deep vein thrombosis associated with protein C and protein S deficiency: An unusual cause of acute abdomen
Authors: Doganay Selim , Sonmezgoz Fitnet , Sen Yasar , Kocakoc Ercan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDeep venous thrombosis is an extremely rare cause of acute abdomen and is often difficult to diagnose. Protein C and protein S deficiencies are rare genetic abnormalities that predispose the patient to thrombophilia and lead to thrombosis. We report the case of a previously healthy 7‐year‐old boy with iliofemoral thrombosis due to protein C and protein S deficiencies mimicking acute abdomen. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2011
Sonographic measurements of the thickness of the soft tissues of the interscapular region in a population of normal young adults
Authors: Yang Clement Shih‐Hsien , Chen Huang‐Chung , Liang Chung‐Chao , Yu Tung‐Yang , Hung David , Tseng Tzu‐Chia , Tsai Wen‐Chung 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground. To use sonography (US) to measure the interscapular soft‐tissue thickness and to determine any correlation with anthropometric indices.Methods. Fifty‐five healthy young adults (21 men and 34 women) with a mean age of 22.1 ± 3.0 years (range, 18–35) were enrolled. High‐resolution US was used to measure the bilateral soft‐tissue thickness near the medial border of the scapula. Anthropometric indices, including body weight, height, and circumferences of chest, waist, and hip, were also measured.Results. On the right side, mean values ± standard deviation for the thickness of the trapezius, rhomboid, and posterior serratus muscles in millimeters were 4.9 ± 1.0, 6.3 ± 2.3, and 3.5 ± 1.4, respectively, for men and 3.4 ± 0.8, 3.8 ± 1.7, and 2.2 ± 1.5, respectively, for women. The thickness of each muscle was significantly greater in men than in women (p < 0.05). For both genders, no significant differences in the soft‐tissue thicknesses were found between both sides. Based on the anthropometric indices, body weight was the only significant contributor to the soft‐tissue thickness.Conclusions. US is a practical tool for measuring soft‐tissue thickness in the interscapular region. Body weight and soft‐tissue thickness are closely associated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2010
Direct Polymerization of Polyacrylic Acid on Mica Substrates using ATRP – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Borozenko Olga , Skene W.G. , Giasson Suzanne 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: Unprecedented direct polymerization of sodium acrylate (NaA) on mica and silica substrates was undertaken using standard ATRP polymerization conditions at room temperature. The resulting thickness of the poly(sodium acrylate) (PNaA) grafted layer was determined using ellipsometry and AFM.
Snap Together Bonds for Amine Capturing – New Spectroscopic and Amperometric Sensors
Authors: Bolduc Andréanne , Lachapelle Virginie , Skene W.G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: A conjugated polymer (P1) containing a pendant aldehyde was anodically prepared on ITO electrodes. Aminothiophenes could be captured by reacting with an aldehyde group located along the polymer backbone resulting in a robust azomethine bond. This was confirmed both spectroscopically and electrochromically. P1 undergoes absorbance and fluorescence bathochromic shifts when an aminothiophene is covalently linked to the aldehyde resulting from azomethine formation. Both the absorbance and fluorescence shifts are dependent on the aminothiophene used to form the azomethine bond.
The Preparation of Functionalized Crosslinked Macroporous Chitosan Microspheres and their Adsorption Properties for Bilirubin
Authors: Liping Wu , Weihua Wu , Qian Li , Qian Zhang , Yong Wang , Wei Lu , Zhengpu Zhang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: glutaraldehyde cross‐linked macroporous chitosan microspheres (CS) were prepared by inverse phase suspension reaction with sugar as porogenic agent. The microspheres were modified with different reagents of 1, 6 hexanediamine (HDA) and low generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers including PAMAM G1.0, PAMAM G2.0, PAMAM G3.0. The content of amino groups on CS, CS‐PAMAM G1.0, CS‐PAMAM G2.0, CS‐PAMAM G3.0, CS‐HDA was 3.56, 5.10, 5.47, 6.47, 4.66 mmol/g, respectively. The bilirubin adsorption on the above five microspheres was carried out in 0.05M phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.2–7.4) at 37 °C. The results indicated all the modified CS microspheres were better than unmodified CS microspheres for bilirubin adsorption. CS‐HDA has the best adsorption property even if the content of the amino groups was not very high.
An Introduction to Entropically‐driven Ring‐opening Polymerizations
Authors: Ben‐Haida Abderrazak , Conzatti Lucia , Hodge Philip , Manzini Barbara , Stagnaro Paola 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: This mini‐review outlines the principles of entropically‐driven ring‐opening polymerizations (ED‐ROPs), a relatively new approach to the synthesis of condensation polymers. The various features of ED‐ROPs are noted and examples of applications to polymer synthesis, polymer processing and polymer recycling are discussed.
Application of Chitosan‐Based Biomaterials for Blood Vessel Regeneration
Authors: Deng Chao , Li Fengfu , Griffith May , Ruel Marc , Suuronen Erik J 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary:Vascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. Autologous vessels remain the standard for coronary grafting and peripheral bypass surgery; however, their availability in patients can be limited. Therapeutic angiogenesis using growth factors, genes, or progenitor cells has been given considerable scientific attention over the last decade, but has not yet provided a definitive clinical benefit. Biomaterials could be developed to protect protein, DNA and cells against hostile conditions. Chitosan, a natural polymer of glucosamine and N‐acetyl glucosamine, has been widely studied in tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and muco‐adhesive and antimicrobial properties. Notably, the application of chitosan has been gaining attention in the vascular field due to its structural similarity to glycosaminoglycans, which are components of a tissue's extracellular matrix. In this review, chitosan‐based materials, and their use in tissue engineered blood vessels, and as protein, gene and cell vectors for angiogenic therapy are discussed.
Preparation, Micro‐Patterning and Electrical Characterization of Functionalized Carbon‐Nanotube Polydimethylsiloxane Nanocomposite Polymer
Authors: Khosla A. , Gray B. L. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSummary: We present the preparation, improved micro‐patterning, and electrical property characterization of COOH‐ functionalized mutli‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) conductive nanocomposite polymers that can be employed for lab on a chip applications. The nanocomposites are prepared by mixing functionalized MWCNTs into an uncured PDMS matrix and employing high frequency ultrasonics (∼ 42‐50 kHz) using a horn tip probe. The prepared nanocomposites are micromolded using soft lithography techniques down to a feature size of 25 µm against a micropatterned SU‐8 polymer master. An array of peg like microstructures have been fabricated with a radii of 25 µm and height of 100 µm, that are embedded on a non‐conductive PDMS substrate using novel and improved fabrication techniques. The percolation threshold of the prepared nanocomposite is achieved at 1.5 weight percentage (wt.%) of COOH‐ functionalized MWCNT in the PDMS matrix. Resistivity levels at 2 wt.% of functionalized MWCNTs are 62 Ω‐cm or better, which is an improvement over our previously reported nanocomposite resistivity value of 100 Ω‐cm at 2 wt.% of nonfunctionalized MWCNT's in a PDMS matrix. The nanocomposites also have fairly uniform dispersion and no agglomeration of COOH‐ functionalized MWCNT as shown by SEM analysis. Furthermore, the nanocomposites show a negative temperature coefficient of resistivity (NTCR), making them ideal candidates for micropatternable temperature microsensors for lab on a chip systems.
Cheminformatics Approach to Gene Silencing: Z Descriptors of Nucleotides and SVM Regression Afford Predictive Models for siRNA Potency
Authors: Ebalunode Jerry O. , Zheng Weifan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractShort interfering RNA mediated gene silencing technology has been through tremendous development over the past decade, and has found broad applications in both basic biomedical research and pharmaceutical development. Critical to the effective use of this technology is the development of reliable algorithms to predict the potency and selectivity of siRNAs under study. Existing algorithms are mostly built upon sequence information of siRNAs and then employ statistical pattern recognition or machine learning techniques to derive rules or models. However, sequence‐based features have limited ability to characterize siRNAs, especially chemically modified ones. In this study, we proposed a cheminformatics approach to describe siRNAs. Principal component scores (z1, z2, z3, z4) have been derived for each of the 5 nucleotides (A, U, G, C, T) from the descriptor matrix computed by the MOE program. Descriptors of a given siRNA sequence are simply the concatenation of the z values of its composing nucleotides. Thus, for each of the 2431 siRNA sequences in the Huesken dataset, 76 descriptors were generated for the 19‐NT representation, and 84 descriptors were generated for the 21‐NT representation of siRNAs. Support Vector Machine regression (SVMR) was employed to develop predictive models. In all cases, the models achieved Pearson correlation coefficient r and R about 0.84 and 0.65 for the training sets and test sets, respectively. A minimum of 25 % of the whole dataset was needed to obtain predictive models that could accurately predict 75 % of the remaining siRNAs. Thus, for the first time, a cheminformatics approach has been developed to successfully model the structure–potency relationship in siRNA‐based gene silencing data, which has laid a solid foundation for quantitative modeling of chemically modified siRNAs.
A novel duplexer for UMTS applications based on a cross‐coupled filter
Authors: Cabral H. A. , Bezerra S. T. G. , de Melo M. T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA novel duplexer design based on cross‐coupled resonators is presented which has the advantages of small size and reasonably sharp cutoff frequency. A duplexer for the UMTS upload and download bands is fabricated and the measured response is shown to be in close agreement to full‐wave simulations. The fractional bandwidth for both bands is about 3%. The duplexer has an insertion loss of less than 1 dB and provides more than 20 dB of isolation. Lumped‐element models for both the resonator and duplexer are derived and their responses are also shown to be very close to the simulated results, which make them potentially very useful since it can simplify the design of systems using the duplexer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2792–2795, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25590
Compact modeling of silicon nanowire MOSFET for radio frequency applications
Authors: Cho Seongjae , Kim Kyung Rok , Park Byung‐Gook , Kang In Man 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis article presents the radio frequency small‐signal modeling of silicon nanowire (SNW) MOSFET with 30 nm channel length and 5 nm channel radius. Analytical parameter extraction methods are developed by Y‐parameter analysis for the proposed equivalent circuit. Y‐parameters of SNW MOSFET are obtained by three‐dimensional (3D) device simulator. Accuracies of the new model and extracted parameters have been verified by the 3D device simulation data up to 200 GHz. The RMS modeling error of Y‐parameter was calculated to be only 1.4%. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:471–473, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25686
An efficient technique for reducing spectral shift of a polymer arrayed waveguide gratings
Authors: Qin Zheng‐Kun , Ma Chun‐Sheng 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn efficient technique is reported for reducing the spectral shift of the polymer arrayed waveguide grating. By regulating the spin‐coating rate to control the polymer core thickness, the spectral shift of the device can be reduced obviously. The designed value of the central wavelength is 1550.918 nm, and the measured central wavelength is 1550.911 nm. That is, by using the presented technique in the fabrication of the device, the spectral shift is reduced to 0.007 nm, which is much less than the wavelength spacing of 0.8 nm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:273–275, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25697
Linearity enhanced Doherty power amplifier using analog predistortion
Authors: Sik Cho Choon , Lee Jae W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe propose a linearity‐enhanced Doherty power amplifier using an analog predistortion (APD) technique, which incorporates an intermodulation (IM) generator.Because the IM generator is configured with antiparalleled diode structure, the resulting Doherty power amplifier behaves differently from a conventional one. Using antiphased IM generated by the hybrid coupler before the auxiliary amplifier, linearity for the whole power amplifier is improved because the IM from the main amplifier can be cancelled out at the combining section. The output power of the proposed Doherty power amplifier is observed 28 dBm at the maximum in measurement, whereas the adjacent channel leakage ratio is 18 dB improved at 5 MHz offset compared with that of the Doherty power amplifier without APD. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:403–404, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25701
A simple instrument for measuring the light‐induced birefringence in a photorefractive crystal
Authors: Twu Ruey‐Ching , Chu Yi‐Fan , Hsu Ming‐Tsung 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe present a simple homodyne phase measurement instrument to evaluate a light‐induced birefringence change in an Mg‐doped congruent lithium niobate crystal by using an integrated lithium niobate Zn‐indiffused phase modulator (ZIPM) for optical signal modulations.The results successfully demonstrate that the focused beam and modulated phase of the ZIPM can provide a simple pump‐probe method for measuring the evolutions of light‐induced birefringence changes. The detection of birefringence change at the level of 10−7 is lower than the conventional Senarmont compensation method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:367–369, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25702
Simultaneous measurement of the dual‐polarization phase variations in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Twu Ruey‐Ching , Hsu Ming‐Tsung , Chu Yi‐Fan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe propose a novel optical instrument to simultaneously measure the phase variations of both orthogonal linear polarizations in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. An integrated Ti‐indiffused LiNbO3 Mach–Zehnder modulator is adopted for phase modulation and the optical homodyne scheme is used to measure the phase variations in the experimental setup. By using the multiplexed capabilities and flexible designs of a LABVIEW‐based platform, the simultaneous measurements with real‐time display of output interferomertic signals, spectrum results, and phase variations for both orthogonal polarizations, have been successfully demonstrated in this study. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:334–337, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25703
Design of a circularly polarized rectangular microstrip antenna for GPS applications
Authors: Nishamol M. S. , Sarin V. P. , Tony D. , Aanandan C. K. , Mohanan P. , Vasudevan Kesavath 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA compact design of a single feed microstrip antenna for circular polarization (CP) is proposed and studied.CP is brought about by embedding a slot in a cross shaped patch. The structure enables an area reduction of 46% as compared to conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The antenna offers a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth from 1.53 to 1.61 GHz on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4 and height 1.6 mm with a broadside radiation characteristic in the entire band. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is 5% with moderate gain that covers global positioning system (GPS) L1 band. Simulation and experimental results of the antenna are presented and discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 53:468–470, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.25706