bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for residual/locally recurrent lesions after endoscopic therapy for colorectal tumors
Authors: Kuroki Yuichiro , Hoteya Shu , Mitani Toshifumi , Yamashita Satoshi , Kikuchi Daisuke , Fujimoto Ai , Matsui Akira , Nakamura Masanori , Nishida Noriko , Iizuka Toshiro , Yahagi Naohisa 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and Study Aim:  Residual or locally recurrent lesions may occur after endoscopic therapy for epithelial colorectal tumors. Additional endoscopic mucosal resection is difficult for large lesions. Endoscopic submucosal dissection may be useful for such lesions, but may be more technically difficult for residual/locally recurrent lesions than for primary lesions. This study evaluated the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for residual/locally recurrent lesions in comparison with primary lesions.Method:  This retrospective case‐control investigated 34 residual/locally recurrent lesions and 384 primary lesions treated using endoscopic submucosal dissection. Tumor size, resected specimen size, procedure duration, en bloc resection rate, curative resection rate, histology, associated complications, and recurrence rate were compared between groups.Results:  Procedure duration tended to be longer (85 ± 53 min vs 73 ± 55 min) and tumors were significantly smaller (20 ± 13 mm vs 33 ± 20 mm; P < 0.001) in the residual/locally recurrent group, compared with primary lesions. Both groups showed similar percentages of en bloc (100% vs 97.4%) and curative resection (88.4% vs. 83.6%). Perforation rate was significantly higher in the residual/locally recurrent group (14.7% vs 4.4%, P < 0.05). However, emergency surgery was only needed in 1 of 5 cases in the residual/locally recurrent group, with the remaining 4 cases conservatively managed using endoclips.Conclusions:  Endoscopic submucosal dissection for residual/locally recurrent lesions was curative and efficacy. This procedure could help to avoid surgical resection and frequent follow‐up examinations in many patients.
Intracranial hemorrhage: Clinical and demographic features of patients with late hemorrhagic disease
Authors: Pirinccioglu Ayfer Gözü , Gurkan Fuat , Bosnak Mehmet , Acemoglu Hamit , Davutoglu Mehmet 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  This retrospective study presents clinical, demographical features and radiological findings as well as outcomes of 31 infants with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) due to vitamin K deficiency and hence evaluates the risk factors involved.Methods:  Thirty‐one cases (17 males and 14 females) having a mean age of 52.52 ± 20.80 days with intracranial hemorrhage due to late hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (LHDN), hospitalized in our clinics were included in the study. Cranial computerized tomography (CT) was performed in all patients for the diagnosis and evaluation of ICH.Results:  It was found that the most frequent presenting symptoms were pallor (77.4%), seizures (58%), altered consciousness (58%), vomiting (44%) and poor feeding (35%). Pulsatile fontanel was found in 61% and bulging in 26%. Seven (22.5%) patients had prior history of antibiotic usage. All patients (93.5%) except two were breast fed. Sixteen (51.6%) were delivered at home. Eighteen (58%) had a history of single‐dose vitamin K prophylaxis on the first day of delivery. Parenchymal (44%), subdural (39%) or subarachnoidal (22.5%) bleeding was observed. Seven (22.6%) were exitus. During the follow‐up period (ranging from 3 months to 18 months) neurological examination findings were recorded.Conclusion:  Our results indicate that it may be questionable whether single‐dose vitamin K prophlaxis at birth is adequate for the prevention of LHDN and if a different timing of this prophylaxis should be made for the exclusively breast fed infants.
Sudden infant death syndrome: How much mothers and health professionals know
Authors: Yikilkan Hulya , Ünalan Pemra Cobek , Cakir Erkan , Ersu Refika Hamutcu , Cifcili Serap , Akman Mehmet , Uzuner Arzu , Dagli Elif 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Behavioral risk factors are associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Education about the risk factors of SIDS is important for prevention. Our aim was to determine the knowledge and attitude of parents and health professionals about SIDS.Methods:  A total of 174 health professionals and 150 mothers were enrolled in this study. Mothers' data were collected by telephone interview and health‐care professionals were interviewed by the same investigator.Results:  Only 39% of mothers were aware of SIDS. Forty‐six percent of the mothers preferred a supine sleeping position for their infant and 16% of the parents were bed‐sharing with their infants. Seventy‐three percent of health professionals selected side, 17% supine and 10% prone sleeping position as the safest sleeping position. Frequencies for awareness of risk factors were: bed‐sharing (75%), soft bedding (70%), pillow use (52%), toys in bed (90%), high room temperature (67%) and smoking (88%). Total knowledge score of health professionals who selected supine sleeping position as the safest was significantly higher (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Most of the mothers were unaware of SIDS and less than half preferred a supine sleeping position for their infant. Only 72% of health professionals recommended a certain sleeping position during family interviews. Health professionals are more often recommending the side sleeping position or prone. Education of families and health professionals for the risk factors of SIDS may reduce the number of deaths from SIDS in Istanbul.
A rare case of multiple schwannomas presenting with scrotal mass: A probable case of schwannomatosis
Authors: Ikari Ryo , Okamoto Keisei , Yoshida Tetsuya , Johnin Kazuyoshi , Okabe Hidetoshi , Okada Yusaku 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe report a rare case of multiple schwannomas presenting with scrotal mass. In the present case, a scrotal schwannoma developed in a 66‐year‐old man with a history of brain tumor surgery. Investigating the patient's past history lead to the diagnosis as probable schwannomatosis. Patients with schwannomatosis are at increased risk of developing multiple schwannomas and these patients need regular surveillance. In this regard, the present case highlights the importance of thorough history taking in patients with scrotal schwannoma.
“Out of sight”: Sexuality and women with enduring mental illness
Authors: Davison Joanna , Huntington Annette 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTSexuality is a complex and fundamental aspect of a person's health and mental well‐being, yet mental health professionals generally seem reluctant to discuss sexuality related issues and few research studies have specifically explored the sexuality of women with enduring mental illness. The aim of this qualitative research was to gain a deeper understanding about the sexuality experiences of this group of women. Eight women were interviewed individually, and then together as a focus group. Working from a feminist theoretical perspective, the interview transcripts were analysed thematically. All the women considered sexuality an essential component of their identity. However, powerful interlocking systems controlled and influenced how the women expressed their sexuality, often marginalizing, and positioning them as ‘Other’, and rendering their sexuality hidden and unseen. The experiences of this group of women highlight the need for mental health professionals to recognize sexuality as an important aspect of a person's care and recovery, and to create a culture that is supportive of a person's sexuality and sexual expression. Incorporating sexuality related issues into clinical practice offers mental health professionals a significant opportunity to make a positive difference.
Noradrenergic modulation of behavioral odor detection and discrimination thresholds in the olfactory bulb
Authors: Escanilla Olga , Arrellanos Adolfo , Karnow Alexandra , Ennis Matthew , Linster Christiane 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mammalian main olfactory bulb (MOB) receives a significant noradrenergic input from the locus coeruleus. Norepinephrine (NE) is involved in the acquisition of conditioned odor preferences in neonatal animals and in some species‐specific odor‐dependent behaviors. Thus far, the role of NE in odor processing in adult rats remains less studied. We investigated the role of noradrenergic modulation in the MOB on odor detection and discrimination thresholds using behavioral and computational modeling approaches. Adult rats received bilateral MOB injections of vehicle, NE (0.1–1000 μm), noradrenergic receptor antagonists and NE + receptor antagonists combined. NE infusion improved odor detection and discrimination as a function of NE and odor concentration. The effect of NE on detection and discrimination magnitude at any given odor concentration varied in a non‐linear function with respect to NE concentration. Receptor antagonist infusion demonstrated that α1 receptor activation is necessary for the modulatory effect of NE. Computational modeling showed that increases in the strength of α1 receptor activation leads to improved odor signal‐to‐noise ratio and spike synchronization in mitral cells that may underlie the behaviorally observed decrease of detection and discrimination thresholds. Our results are the first to show that direct infusion of NE or noradrenergic receptor antagonists into a primary sensory network modulates sensory detection and discrimination thresholds at very low stimulus concentrations.
Altered metabolic and neurochemical responses to chronic unpredictable stressors in ghrelin receptor‐deficient mice
Authors: Patterson Z. R. , Ducharme R. , Anisman H. , Abizaid A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractGhrelin, a hormone produced by the stomach, is generally associated with feeding responses and the regulation of food intake. Recent evidence, however, suggests that ghrelin is also a stress hormone, given that it is released following acute and chronic stressors. The present study examined the role of ghrelin in producing normal metabolic and neurochemical responses to chronic stress. This was achieved by examining these responses in mice with targeted deletions of the ghrelin receptor gene (GHSR KO mice), and comparing them with the same responses in their wild‐type (WT) littermates. As expected, WT stressed mice decreased their caloric intake, body weight gain and caloric efficiency while maintaining adiposity. GHSR KO mice, however, did not show these alterations despite having normal glucocorticoid responses to stress. In parallel with these changes, chronic unpredictable stress caused changes in norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in a number of brain regions. Of these, norepinephrine neurotransmission in the arcuate nucleus and prefrontal cortex was differentially altered in GHSR KO mice. Within the nucleus acumbens, dopamine utilization was increased in WT mice but not in GHSR KO mice. Finally, there were strain differences in serotonin neurotransmission that may explain interstrain body weight and adiposity differences. These results suggest that the metabolic changes necessary to deal with the energetic challenge presented by repeated exposure to stressors do not occur in GHSR KO mice, and they are discussed within the context of the potential vulnerability to stress‐induced pathology.
Number of prostate cancer risk alleles may identify possibly ‘insignificant’ disease
Authors: Helfand Brian T. , Loeb Stacy , Kan Donghui , Catalona William J. 
Published: July 2010

Study Type – Prognosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo determine whether the cumulative effects of five prostate cancer risk alleles (three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] on chromosome 8Q24 and two SNPs on chromosome 17a) could help to identify possibly ‘insignificant’ disease.MATERIALS AND METHODSWe genotyped 629 men of European ancestry who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution between 2002 and 2007. Possibly ‘insignificant’ CaP was defined using the Ohori criteria (organ‐confined, tumour volume <0.5 mL, Gleason pattern ≤4). Statistical analysis was used to compare patients with ‘insignificant’ and all other ‘significant’ cancer based upon genotype. Carrier status for the 5 SNPs were compared between patients with ‘insignificant’ disease and a separate population of 801 controls without CaP.RESULTSOverall, 38 (6.0%) patients with CaP met the Ohori criteria for ‘insignificant’ disease. Men with ‘significant’ cancer had a greater frequency of any of the five risk alleles than either patients with ‘insignificant’ disease or controls. None of the individual alleles genotyped on chromosomes 8 or 17 distinguished between ‘significant’ and ‘insignificant’ CaP. However, carriers of two or more risk alleles were more likely to have ‘significant’ disease.CONCLUSIONSAlthough no single risk allele distinguished ‘insignificant’ CaP, ‘insignificant’ disease was nearly three times as likely among carriers of ≤ one risk allele. Future studies are needed to further elucidate the cumulative relationship between CaP risk alleles and CaP aggressiveness.
Dispensing patterns and financial costs of glucose‐lowering therapies in the UK from 2000 to 2008*
Authors: Currie C. J. , Peters J. R. , Evans M. 
Published: July 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 744–752 (2010)AbstractIntroduction  A variety of influences determine prescribing behaviour. The purpose of this study was to characterize the pattern of dispensing for glucose‐lowering and monitoring in the UK from 2000 to 2008, inclusively.Methods  Open source data were used from the four UK prescription pricing agencies. Historical patterns of dispensing change were analysed in England, thus data are for England unless otherwise stated. Costs were adjusted for price inflation and reported in UK£ at 2008 prices.Results  The total cost in the UK in 2008 was £702 239 000: £22 897 000 (3.2%) for Northern Ireland, £37 681 000 (5.3%) for Wales, £57 146 000 (8.1%) for Scotland and £590 514 000 (83.4%) for England. As a per cent of the overall primary care drug budget for each region, this represented 6.9% overall and then 5.8, 6.5, 5.9 and 7.1%, respectively. In England, diabetes‐related dispensing costs increased from £290m to £591m. All glucose‐lowering drug classes increased in volume, except the α‐glucoside inhibitors and the prandial glucose regulators. Insulin costs increased from £128m to £286m. Insulin glargine metrics increased year‐on‐year, whereas neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) declined. Analogue insulin increased (2.6 million to 33.9 million prescription items), whereas human insulin declined (21.0 million to 10.3 million).Discussion  The costs of dispensing for diabetes increased markedly between 2000 and 2008 to represent an annual cost to the NHS of £708m, or 7% of budget. Costs increased at a higher rate than volume. Changes in prescribing appeared to reflect commercial factors more than clinical evidence. Diabetes dispensing patterns need to be better controlled and costs contained.
Fisheries buybacks: a review and guidelines
Authors: Squires Dale 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBuybacks of fishing vessels, licences, access and other rights, and gear, sometimes called decommissioning schemes, have traditionally been a key policy tool to address overcapacity, overexploitation of fish stocks, and distributional issues in fisheries. Two more issues can be added, sustainable use of ecosystems and conservation of biodiversity (i.e. ecological public goods and services) and providing a transition to a more rationalized fishery. This study discusses reasons for buybacks; examines consequences; considers asymmetric information, design of buyback auctions and other design issues; buybacks as a transition to a rationalized industry with strong property rights and governance, financing and transnational fisheries; draws out key lessons from the international experience; and provides an overall evaluation.
Ownership and ownership concentration: which is important in determining the performance of China’s listed firms?
Authors: Ma Shiguang , Naughton Tony , Tian Gary 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of ownership and ownership concentration on the performance of China’s listed firms. By recognizing the differences between ownership and ownership concentration and between total ownership concentration and tradable ownership concentration, we find that ownership concentration is more powerful than any category of ownership in determining firm performance; tradable ownership concentration has a more significant and positive influence on firm performance than total ownership concentration; the highest level of firm performance is approached when a firm is characterized by both total ownership concentration and tradable ownership concentration. Thus, we propose a conclusion that ownership concentration enhances firm performance regardless of who the concentrated owners are.
Price momentum in the New Zealand stock market: a proper accounting for transactions costs and risk*
Authors: Trethewey Sam , Crack Timothy Falcon 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe test for recently reported momentum profits in New Zealand using a practitioner technique that we have not yet seen in the academic literature. This technique simultaneously weighs returns, risk and transactions costs at each portfolio rebalance, rather than blindly chasing returns and then accounting for risk and transactions costs after the fact. We reverse the findings of the earlier literature because our gross profits are more than fully consumed once transactions costs are properly accounted for. Although we focus on momentum trading in New Zealand, our practitioner technique is broadly applicable to investigations of trading anomalies.
Expression and recovery of biologically active recombinant Apolipoprotein AIMilano from transgenic safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds
Authors: Nykiforuk Cory L. , Shen Yin , Murray Elizabeth W. , Boothe Joseph G. , Busseuil David , Rhéaume Eric , Tardif Jean‐Claude , Reid Alexandra , Moloney Maurice M. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryApolipoprotein AI Milano (ApoAIMilano) was expressed as a fusion protein in transgenic safflower seeds. High levels of expression corresponding to 7 g of ApoAIMilano per kilogram of seed have been identified in a line selected for commercialization. The ApoAIMilano fusion protein was extracted from seed using an oilbody‐based process and matured in vitro prior to final purification. This yielded a Des‐1,2‐ApoAIMilano product which was confirmed by biochemical characterization including immunoreactivity against ApoAI antibodies, isoelectric point, N‐terminal sequencing and electrospray mass spectrometry. Purified Des‐1,2‐ApoAIMilano readily associated with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in clearance assays comparable to Human ApoAI. Its biological activity was assessed by cholesterol efflux assays using Des‐1,2‐ApoAIMilano:1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl phosphatidylcholine complexes in vitro and in vivo. This study has established that high levels of biologically functional ApoAIMilano can be produced using a plant‐based expression system.
Adaptation to novel accents by toddlers
Authors: White Katherine S. , Aslin Richard N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWord recognition is a balancing act: listeners must be sensitive to phonetic detail to avoid confusing similar words, yet, at the same time, be flexible enough to adapt to phonetically variable pronunciations, such as those produced by speakers of different dialects or by non‐native speakers. Recent work has demonstrated that young toddlers are sensitive to phonetic detail during word recognition; pronunciations that deviate from the typical phonological form lead to a disruption of processing. However, it is not known whether young word learners show the flexibility that is characteristic of adult word recognition. The present study explores whether toddlers can adapt to artificial accents in which there is a vowel category shift with respect to the native language. Nineteen‐month‐olds heard mispronunciations of familiar words (e.g. vowels were shifted from [a] to [æ]: ‘dog’ pronounced as ‘dag’). In test, toddlers were tolerant of mispronunciations if they had recently been exposed to the same vowel shift, but not if they had been exposed to standard pronunciations or other vowel shifts. The effects extended beyond particular items heard in exposure to words sharing the same vowels. These results indicate that, like adults, toddlers show flexibility in their interpretation of phonological detail. Moreover, they suggest that effects of top‐down knowledge on the reinterpretation of phonological detail generalize across the phono‐lexical system.
Lifestyle factors and ghrelin: critical review and implications for weight loss maintenance
Authors: Adams C. E. , Greenway F. L. , Brantley P. J. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryGhrelin, the only known appetite‐stimulating hormone in humans, may be one factor involved in increased appetite, cravings and food intake following weight loss. Innovative strategies for suppressing ghrelin and decreasing appetite during weight loss maintenance are needed. Recent research has highlighted relationships between ghrelin, stress and lifestyle factors. The purposes of the current review are to (i) describe the current status of knowledge about ghrelin and lifestyle factors; (ii) critically examine research in this area, highlighting inconsistencies and methodological issues and (iii) discuss future directions and implications for obesity treatment. Based on Literature search using PsycINFO and Medline databases, we reviewed experimental studies on relationships between ghrelin, stress, exercise and sleep. Ghrelin levels are positively related to stress hormones, and stress management interventions including exercise and sleep may help to reduce acylated ghrelin and corresponding appetite. Behavioural interventions may offer a practical, cost‐effective alternative for reducing or stabilizing ghrelin levels after initial weight loss. Adding behavioural techniques designed to reduce ghrelin to traditional weight loss maintenance protocols may help individuals to maintain weight loss. Future directions for investigating relationships between ghrelin and behavioural factors, examining the efficacy of behavioural programmes in reducing ghrelin and improving weight loss maintenance are discussed.
Collective Bargaining, Inter‐Sectoral Heterogeneity and Competitiveness: A Cross‐National Comparison of Macroeconomic Performance
Authors: Traxler Franz , Brandl Bernd 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResearch on the performance effects of bargaining remains inconclusive. One reason for this is neglect of heterogeneity of the bargainers, namely differences in exposure to world markets and their implications for international competitiveness. Since the effects of bargaining on competitiveness depend on coping with productivity differentials between the exposed and sheltered sector, we discuss how distinct bargaining structures interact with these differentials. Exposed‐sector pattern setting is predicted to be the only bargaining structure that is sensitive to productivity differentials. The findings from time series cross‐sectional analysis corroborate the expected impact on labour costs and the current balance, whereas no employment effects are discernible.