bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioconversion of ovine scotta into lactic acid with pure and mixed cultures of lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Secchi Nicola , Giunta Daniela , Pretti Luca , García Mónica Ruiz , Roggio Tonina , Mannazzu Ilaria , Catzeddu Pasquale 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Scotta is the main by-product in the making of ricotta cheese. It is widely produced in southern Europe and particularly in Italy where it represents a serious environmental pollutant due to its high lactose content. With the aim of evaluating whether scotta bioconversion into lactic acid can be considered as an alternative to its disposal, besides providing it with an added value, here the growth, fermentative performances, and lactic acid productions of pure and mixed cultures of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Streptococcus thermophilus were evaluated on ovine scotta-based media, without and with the addition of nutritional supplements. The outcomes indicate that ovine scotta can be utilized for the biotechnological production of lactic acid with yields up to 92%, comparable to those obtained on cheese-whey. Indeed, the addition of nutritional supplements generally improves the fermentative performances of lactic acid bacteria leading to about 2 g l−1 h−1 of lactic acid. Moreover, the use of mixed cultures for scotta bioconversion reduces the need for nutritional supplements, with no detrimental effects on the productive parameters compared to pure cultures. Finally, by using L. casei and S. thermophilus in pure and mixed cultures, up to 99% optically pure l-lactic acid can be obtained.
Effects of physical culture parameters on bacteriocin production by Mexican strains of Bacillus thuringiensis after cellular induction
Authors: Martínez-Cardeñas Janeth Adriana , de la Fuente-Salcido Norma M , Salcedo-Hernández Rubén , Bideshi Dennis K , Barboza-Corona J Eleazar 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We have shown previously that in the presence of inducer Bacillus cereus 183, significant increases in bacteriocin production and bactericidal activity of B. thuringiensis occur when the latter is cultivated at pH 7.2, 28°C, and 180 rpm. Here we show that this activity can be further improved when B. thuringiensis is induced with B. cereus 183 and then cultivated with modification of pH, temperature, and agitation. Five native strains of B. thuringiensis, LBIT 269, LBIT 287, LBIT 404, LBIT 420, and LBIT 524 which synthesize, respectively, morricin 269, kurstacin 287, kenyacin 404, entomocin 420, and tolworthcin 524, were cultivated in four different fermentation media. Of these, fermentation in tryptic soy broth (TSB) yielded the highest level of bacteriocin activity (~100–133 FU). Bacteria grown in TSB were induced with B. cereus 183 and cultivated at different pH (6.0, 7.2, 8.0), temperature (26, 28, 30°C), and agitation (150, 180, 210 rpm). Full factorial design was performed and results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey multiple comparison tests at significant level of α ≤ 0.05 to study the influence of the three variables on bacterial growth and bacteriocin production. Our data show that the highest bacteriocin activity was found with LBIT 269 and LBIT 404 with an increase of ~95–100% compared with induced B. thuringiensis strains cultivated under fixed conditions (pH 7.2, 28°C, 180 rpm), for which the data were set at 0%. The optimal conditions for morricin 269 and kenyacin 404 production were, respectively, pH 8, 30°C, 210 rpm and pH 7.2, 26°C, 210 rpm.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrates of Carp Oil: Chemical Hydrolysis and Urea Complexation
Authors: Crexi Valéria T. , Monte Micheli L. , Monte Maurício L. , Pinto Luiz A. A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe aims of this study were to compare three treatments in the chemical hydrolysis reaction of bleached oil from carp (Cyprinus carpio) heads and to obtain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrates by urea complexation. The three treatments were carried out with different oil:ethanol molar ratios. In the treatment with a 1:39 molar ratio, a higher yield of free fatty acids was found. These fatty acids were submitted to urea complexation (−10 °C for 20 h, and urea–fatty acid ratio of 4.5–1). There was a 31.4% increase in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA) content and a 75% decrease in saturated fatty acids (SAF) content. An increase of 85.4% in the EPA + DHA content was found. The non‐urea complexing fraction can be considered a rich source of MUFA and PUFA with a total amount of 88.9%.
Role of DNA methylation in head and neck cancer
Authors: Demokan Semra , Dalay Nejat 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHead and neck cancer (HNC) is a heterogenous and complex entity including diverse anatomical sites and a variety of tumor types displaying unique characteristics and different etilogies. Both environmental and genetic factors play a role in the development of the disease, but the underlying mechanism is still far from clear. Previous studies suggest that alterations in the genes acting in cellular signal pathways may contribute to head and neck carcinogenesis. In cancer, DNA methylation patterns display specific aberrations even in the early and precancerous stages and may confer susceptibility to further genetic or epigenetic changes. Silencing of the genes by hypermethylation or induction of oncogenes by promoter hypomethylation are frequent mechanisms in different types of cancer and achieve increasing diagnostic and therapeutic importance since the changes are reversible. Therefore, methylation analysis may provide promising clinical applications, including the development of new biomarkers and prediction of the therapeutic response or prognosis. In this review, we aimed to analyze the available information indicating a role for the epigenetic changes in HNC.
The Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire: Russian validation of the teacher version and comparison of teacher and student reports
Authors: Ruchkin Vladislav , Koposov Roman , Vermeiren Robert , Schwab‐Stone Mary 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo confirm factor structure of the teacher Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and to compare teacher and student reports in Russian youth.MethodThe SDQ and psychopathology measures were completed by teachers in a representative sample of urban adolescents (N = 528). The factor structure was examined on two randomly selected split‐halves of the sample, and using a gender split. The functional impairment score was predicted by the SDQ problem scales.ResultsThe fit for all models was acceptable. The fit did not decrease when applying increasing constraints in the random‐split model, but became significantly worse for the gender model, suggesting lack of measure invariance. SDQ problem scales explained 37% of functional impairment variance. Significant scale interaction (emotional problems∗peer problems and conduct problems∗hyperactivity) suggest that combination of these problems produces an additional impact on functioning.ConclusionsThe SDQ teacher report may represent a potentially useful screener for children and youth.
Effect of repeated restraint stress and clomipramine on Na+/K+‐ATPase activity and behavior in rats
Authors: Balk Rodrigo de Souza , Silva Michele Hinerasky da , Bridi Jessika Cristina , Carvalho Nelson Rodrigues , Portella Rafael de Lima , Dobrachinski Fernando , Amaral Guilherme Pires , Barcelos Rômulo , Dias Glaecir Roseni Mundstock , Rocha João Batista Teixeira da , Barbosa Nilda Berenice Vargas , Soares Felix Alexandre Antunes 
Published: July 2011

AbstractActivation of the limbic‐hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (LHPA) and the release of glucocorticoids are fundamental for the adaptive response and immediate survival of an organism in reaction to acute stimuli. However, high levels of glucocorticoids in the brain may produce neuronal injury and a decrease of Na+/K+‐ATPase activity, with effects on neurotransmitter signaling, neural activity, as well as the whole animal behavior. Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine by indirect actions on the dopaminergic system and LHPA axis. Its chronic use increases the body's ability to cope with stress; however, high doses can potentiate its side effects on memory, learning, and sensory motor function. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of repeated restraint stress and clomipramine treatment on Na+/K+‐ATPase activity and on the behavior of male rats. Changes in the behavioral response were evaluated by measuring the memory, learning, anxiety, and exploratory responses. Our results showed that exposure to repeated restraint stress reduced levels of Na+/K+‐ATPase in brain structures and changed short and long‐term memory, learning, and exploratory response when compared to the control group. Exposure to clomipramine treatment increased anxiety levels and reduced Na+/K+‐ATPase activity in the cerebral cortex as well as short term memory, learning, and exploratory response. In conclusion, the present results provide additional evidence concerning how repeated restraint stress and clomipramine chronically administered at higher dose levels affect the neural activity and behavior of male rats.
Product safety and security in the global supply chain: Issues, challenges and research opportunities
Authors: Marucheck Ann , Greis Noel , Mena Carlos , Cai Linning 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA number of high profile product safety events and recalls have heightened public attention to the safety and security of the products that people consume and use. While product safety isn’t a new topic, the effect of the global supply chain in creating or exacerbating safety risks and vulnerabilities is both timely and relevant. In this essay we focus on how the field of operations management can provide fresh perspectives and insights in addressing the challenges of product safety and security in the global supply chain. We first examine the product safety issues and challenges that arise in five industries that are increasingly globalizing their supply chains: food, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, consumer products and automobiles. We describe four areas where operations management theory and methodologies can provide fresh insights and innovative solutions in addressing these problems; regulation and standards, product lifecycle management, traceability and recall management, and supplier relationships.
Gesundheitsförderung für Un- und Angelernte: ReSuM
Authors: Busch Christine , Ducki Antje 
Published: July 2011

Einleitung
Gesundheitsförderung für Un- und Angelernte ist angesichts der sozial ungleich verteilten Gesundheitschancen dringend erforderlich. Allerdings ist der Zugang zu dieser Zielgruppe schwierig. ReSuM ist ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes und evaluiertes Programm für Beschäftigte in un- und angelernten Tätigkeiten, das von Präventionsanbietern routinemäßig eingesetzt werden kann. Ein detailliertes Programmmanual ist veröffentlicht.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CEREAL, VEGETABLE AND GRAPE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE OF KABUL, AFGHANISTAN
Authors: SAFI ZIKRULLAH , DOSSA LUC HIPPOLYTE , BUERKERT ANDREAS 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYLittle is known about the economics of urban and peri-urban agriculture in Kabul, Afghanistan. This study therefore aimed to investigate the profitability of 15 mixed cropping farms with a total of 42 farm plots that were selected from a survey of 100 households (HHs). The sample represented the three dominant farm types: cereal producers (15 plots), vegetable farmers (15 plots) and grape producers (12 plots). A cost-revenue analysis of all inputs and outputs (costs of tillage, seed where applicable, weeding, harvesting, casual labour, machinery use, pruning, pesticides and of revenue from produce sold) over two years showed major differences in net HH income. Differences were largely due to production type and crops grown and reflected differences in market prices for produce. Cereal production yielded a total bi-annual revenue of 9630 US$ ha−1, and a gross margin and a net profit of 8770 US$ ha−1. Vegetable farming gave an average bi-annual revenue of 27 900 US$ ha−1, a gross margin of 26 330 US$ ha−1and a net profit of 25 530 US$ ha−1. Surprisingly, vineyards generated the lowest returns with a revenue of 5400 US$ ha−1, and a gross margin and a net profit of 4480 US$ ha−1. The results suggest that among the production systems studied vegetable cultivation was most profitable given its direct linkage to city market demands, rather stable prices and much shorter growing season than for cereals and grapes. In addition, the inflow of wheat and grapes from rural areas into the city negatively affects local producer revenues. If vineyards are to be maintained in the city surroundings, incentives such as subsidized credit may need to be made available to producers.
‘One cannot help liking them’: Terra Nova meets Fram
Authors: Hooper Meredith 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTDuring January 1911 two separate expeditions came ashore within ten days of each other in Antarctica. Both were hoping to achieve the South Pole. Robert Falcon Scott's decision to establish his British Antarctic Expedition's winter quarters on Ross Island close to routes explored on his first Antarctic expedition was signalled in advance. Scott had received notification of the Norwegian Roald Amundsen's intention to head for Antarctica but did not know where he planned to land. At 00.05 am on 4 February 1911 the British expedition's vessel Terra Nova unexpectedly came across Amundsen's Fram moored to the ice edge in the Bay of Whales. 14 hours later Terra Nova departed, taking news of Amundsen's location and plans, to deliver to Scott. For those on Terra Nova who kept diaries, the event filled days surrounding the encounter spurred the recording of thoughts, emotions and conversations as well as descriptions: eye witness accounts, allowing us to gain an appreciation of the situation as it was. This material from the British side, together with letters, and diary entries from earlier in the voyage, reveals a more complex account than do expedition narratives published subsequently by several of the participants. Terra Nova's passage along the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf in February 1911 had, in fact, come close to being cancelled. Terra Nova's commander as instructed by Scott was heading for Balloon Bight on 3 February, not the Bay of Whales. Even the ship's departure after a short stay, with everyone still on board, became a matter for intense debate. In addition, the generally very positive attitude of the British towards the Norwegians as expressed in diaries hardened subsequently, at least for some. This paper's focus is on the responses of those on Terra Nova to the encounter. Those of the Norwegians are being explored by other researchers.
The present and future competence of the European Union in the Arctic
Authors: Koivurova Timo , Kokko Kai , Duyck Sebastien , Sellheim Nikolas , Stepien Adam 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe European Union's (EU's) intention of becoming a permanent observer in the Arctic Council and the reluctance of Arctic actors to grant it that status have made the union's aspirations in the Arctic the subject of a continuing debate. The discussion appears to be dominated by geographical considerations and the EU's gradually emerging Arctic policy. This article puts forward a different view of the EU's presence in the region, one drawing on an analysis of relevant EU competences. As a complex international actor, the EU has acquired a broad array of decision-making powers from its member states, powers that partly extend to Iceland and Norway via the EEA Agreement. Moreover, the EU has in many cases become a relevant actor in international negotiations and treaty making processes the outcomes of which are of crucial importance for the governance of the Arctic. Our argument in the third and concluding section is that only by including the EU in Arctic governance can the international community provide better prospects for the union to sensitise its policies and discourses to the Arctic realities and for other Arctic actors to understand how the union functions. This argument is supported by an analysis of the EU's restrictions on the import of seal products and the ensuing litigation.
Poor school performance in offspring of patients with schizophrenia: what are the mechanisms?
Authors: Jundong J. , Kuja-Halkola R. , Hultman C. , Långström N. , D'Onofrio B. M. , Lichtenstein Paul 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundOffspring of patients with schizophrenia exhibit poorer school performance compared with offspring of non-schizophrenic parents. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms behind this association.MethodWe linked longitudinal national population registers in Sweden and compared school performance among offspring of schizophrenic parents with offspring of non-schizophrenic parents (1 439 215 individuals with final grades from compulsory school 1988–2006). To investigate the mechanisms, we studied offspring of schizophrenic patients and controls within the same extended families. We investigated genetic effects by stratifying analyses of parent–child associations according to genetic relatedness (half-cousins, full cousins and half-siblings). Environmental effects were investigated by comparing school performance of offspring of schizophrenic fathers and of schizophrenic mothers, respectively, and by stratifying the analyses according to environmental relatedness while controlling genetic relatedness (paternal and maternal half-cousins, paternal and maternal half-siblings).ResultsOffspring of parents with schizophrenia had poorer overall school performance than unrelated offspring of non-schizophrenic parents (−0.31s.d.). Variability in genetic relatedness greatly moderated the strength of the within-family association (β=−0.23 within exposure-discordant half-cousins, β=−0.13 within exposure-discordant full cousins, β=0.04 within exposure-discordant half-siblings), while no evidence was found that the environment affected offspring school performance.ConclusionsGenetic factors account for poorer school performance in children of parents with schizophrenia. This supports that cognitive deficits found in individuals with schizophrenia and their relatives might be genetically inherited. Early detection of prodromal signs and impaired functioning of offspring of patients with schizophrenia could lead to earlier and better tailored interventions.
Self-monitoring as a familial vulnerability marker for psychosis: an analysis of patients, unaffected siblings and healthy controls
Authors: Hommes J. , Krabbendam L. , Versmissen D. , Kircher T. , van Os J. , van Winkel R. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundAlterations in self-monitoring have been reported in patients with psychotic disorders, but it remains unclear to what degree they represent true indicators of familial vulnerability for psychosis.MethodAn error-correction action-monitoring task was used to examine self-monitoring in 42 patients with schizophrenia, 32 of their unaffected siblings and 41 healthy controls.ResultsSignificant between-group differences in self-monitoring accuracy were found (χ2=29.3, p<0.0001), patients performing worst and unaffected siblings performing at an intermediate level compared to controls (all between-group differences p<0.05). In the combined group of healthy controls and unaffected siblings, detection accuracy was associated with positive schizotypy as measured by the Structured Interview for Schizotypy – Revised (SIS-R) (β=−0.16, s.e.=0.07, p=0.026), but not with negative schizotypy (β=−0.05, s.e.=0.12, p=0.694). In patients, psychotic symptoms were not robustly associated with detection accuracy (β=−0.01, s.e.=0.01, p=0.094), although stratified analysis revealed suggestive evidence for association in patients not currently using antipsychotic medication (β=−0.03, s.e.=0.01, p=0.052), whereas no association was found in patients on antipsychotic medication (β=−0.01, s.e.=0.01, p=0.426). A similar pattern of associations was found for negative symptoms.ConclusionsAlterations in self-monitoring may be associated with familial risk and expression of psychosis. The association between psychotic symptoms and self-monitoring in patients may be affected by antipsychotic medication, which may explain previous inconsistencies in the literature.
Striatal function in relation to negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Ehrlich S. , Yendiki A. , Greve D. N. , Manoach D. S. , Ho B.-C. , White T. , Schulz S. C. , Goff D. C. , Gollub R. L. , Holt D. J. 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that motivational aspects of executive functioning, which may be disrupted in schizophrenia patients with negative symptoms, are mediated in part by the striatum. Negative symptoms have been linked to impaired recruitment of both the striatum and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Here we tested the hypothesis that negative symptoms are associated primarily with striatal dysfunction, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).MethodWorking-memory load-dependent activation and gray matter volumes of the striatum and DLPFC were measured using a region-of-interest (ROI) approach, in 147 schizophrenia patients and 160 healthy controls. In addition to testing for a linear relationships between striatal function and negative symptoms, we chose a second, categorical analytic strategy in which we compared three demographically and behaviorally matched subgroups: patients with a high burden of negative symptoms, patients with minimal negative symptoms, and healthy subjects.ResultsThere were no differences in striatal response magnitudes between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, but right DLPFC activity was higher in patients than in controls. Negative symptoms were inversely associated with striatal, but not DLPFC, activity. In addition, patients with a high burden of negative symptoms exhibited significantly lower bilateral striatal, but not DLPFC, activation than schizophrenia patients with minimal negative symptoms. Working memory performance, antipsychotic exposure and changes in gray matter volumes did not account for these differences.ConclusionsThese data provide further evidence for a robust association between negative symptoms and diminished striatal activity. Future work will determine whether low striatal activity in schizophrenia patients could serve as a reliable biomarker for negative symptoms.
The Augustan Revolution Seen from the Mints of the Provinces
Authors: Burnett Andrew 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis paper looks at the words, pictures and shapes that people in the Roman provinces placed on the thousands of coins that were made by each of several hundred cities, and uses the patterns that can be found to discuss the contribution provincial coins can make to our understanding of how relationships developed between the early Roman emperors, especially Augustus, and their audiences in provincial cities.