bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating extra-settlement roads: Boundary making, administrative disputes, and power shifts in treaty-port Shanghai, 1860–1937
Authors: Sheng Jiakai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThroughout Shanghai’s treaty-port era, divergent understandings of the extraterritorial regime and the conflicts between the foreign community’s ‘natural and lawful’ pursuit of additional space and the Chinese rights recovery movement prevented clear demarcations between the city’s foreign settlements and the Chinese sphere. Instead, these controversies produced an expansive boundary zone in the form of extra-settlement roads (ESR), a contested and negotiated space where the projection of foreign power, the exercise of extraterritorial privileges, and the fabric of local Chinese lives were all conditioned by an array of quotidian elements such as public utilities, police protection, tax duties, and urban spatial characteristics. By the 1930s, developments in local, national, and imperial politics—such as the advent of the Guomindang regime, British accommodation of Chinese nationalism, and the dwindling authority of the Shanghai Municipal Council (SMC)—prompted discussions of formal joint Sino-foreign administration of ESR areas. However, this reconfiguration met with vehement resistance from the local Japanese community, which distrusted the British-controlled SMC yet relied on the treaty port’s existing administrative framework as a shield against Chinese threats. The ascendance of mass politics in the 1930s, via Chinese public outcries against imperial encroachment and Japanese settlers’ defence of their treaty rights, challenged the traditional paradigm of boundary-making and made ESR negotiations devolve into secret diplomacy that eventually reached a dead end. Examining ESR dynamics sheds new light on the intricate interplay of national sovereignty, colonial settlement, and imperial domination, while offering a fresh perspective on the shifting power landscapes in treaty-port Shanghai.
Ecto- and endoparasites of common reedbuck, Redunca arundinum, at 2 localities in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa: community and network structure
Authors: Junker Kerstin , Boomker Joop , Horak Ivan G. , Krasnov Boris R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractParasite community structure is governed by functional traits of hosts and parasites. Notably, parasite populations and communities respond to host social and spatial behaviour. Many studies demonstrating these effects dealt with small-bodied host species, while the influence of host social patterns on parasite communities in large hosts remains understudied. In an earlier study on nyalas (Tragelaphus angasii), host age was more important than sex in structuring helminth communities and networks, but the influence of both was mediated by local environmental conditions, creating different locality patterns. Common reedbuck (Redunca arundinum) differ from nyalas in spatial and social behaviour. Based on helminth and ectoparasite data from 56 reedbuck examined at 2 localities in KwaZulu-Natal Province, we asked which patterns are similar and which differ between the 2 host species. Similar to nyalas, reedbuck age was more important than sex in structuring communities and networks. However, local environmental conditions exerted the strongest influence on transmission patterns, especially in ectoparasites. Complex interactions between reedbuck traits, parasite traits and local environmental conditions modulated the risk of infection differently at the 2 sites, confirming our earlier findings in nyalas that pooling data from different locations may obscure location-specific parasite community patterns. Similarities between patterns in reedbuck and nyalas, despite their behavioural differences, suggest some common patterns in parasite community ecology that, in turn, are determined mostly by parasite traits and population dynamics.
Robot base placement and tool mounting optimization based on capability map for robot-assistant camera holder
Authors: Trabelsi Amir , Sandoval Juan , Mlika Abdelfattah , Lahouar Samir , Zeghloul Said , Laribi Med Amine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the field of laparoscopic surgery, research is currently focusing on the development of new robotic systems to assist practitioners in complex operations, improving the precision of their medical gestures. In this context, the performance of these robotic platforms can be conditioned by various factors, such as the robot’s accessibility and dexterity in the task workspace. In this paper, we present a new strategy for improving the kinematic and dynamic performance of a 7-degrees of freedom robot-assisted camera-holder system for laparoscopic surgery. This approach involves the simultaneous optimization of the robot base placement and the laparoscope mounting orientation. To do so, a general robot capability representation approach is implemented in an innovative multiobjective optimization algorithm. The obtained results are first evaluated in simulation and then validated experimentally by comparing the robot’s performances implementing both the existing and the optimized solution. The optimization result led to a 2% improvement in the accessibility index and a 14% enhancement in manipulability. Furthermore, the dynamic performance criteria resulted in a substantial 43% reduction in power consumption.
Emergent bilingual children during the silent period: A scoping review of their communication strategies and classroom environments
Authors: Kan Pui Fong , Jones Morgan , Meyers-Denman Christina , Sparks Natalya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This scoping review aimed to investigate the communication strategies utilized by children who acquire a minority language (L1) and subsequently learn a community language (L2) during what is commonly referred to as the “silent period.” Electronic database searches were conducted using keywords such as “silent period” and “bilingual children,” resulting in the inclusion of 40 studies in the review. The findings revealed that emergent bilingual children utilize various communication strategies, including nonverbal communication, private speech, and their L1, to communicate within classroom environments. The findings shed light on the adaptability of emergent bilingual children during early stage of L2 acquisition. Furthermore, our review provides information about the classroom contexts such as teacher support and peer interactions where children develop their L2 skills. From a clinical perspective, recognizing these strategies and classroom contexts could significantly enhance the screening process for emergent bilingual children.
Prenatal diagnosis and perinatal clinical course of isolated left-sided innominate artery
Authors: Sakaki Shinichiro , Ikegawa Takeshi , Kawataki Motoyoshi , Ueda Hideaki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIsolated left-sided innominate artery, a rare congenital anomaly in which the left-sided innominate artery arises from the main pulmonary trunk, is usually diagnosed incidentally in children and adults. Limited reports exist on its prenatal diagnosis, with none comprehensively describing the associated perinatal haemodynamic changes. We report a case of prenatally diagnosed isolated left-sided innominate artery, describing the postnatal clinical course.
Political responsiveness and centralized religious leaders: lessons from the Catholic Church
Authors: Ziegler Jeffrey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAre centralized leaders of religious organizations responsive to their followers' political preferences over time even when formal accountability mechanisms, such as elections, are weak or absent? I argue that such leaders have incentives to be responsive because they rely on dedicated members for legitimacy and support. I test this theory by examining the Catholic Church and its centralized leader, the Pope. First, I analyze over 10,000 papal statements to confirm that the papacy is responsive to Catholics' overall political concerns. Second, I conduct survey experiments in Brazil and Mexico to investigate how Catholics react to responsiveness. Catholics increase their organizational trust and participation when they receive papal messages that reflect their concerns, conditional on their existing commitment to the Church and their agreement with the Church on political issues. The evidence suggests that in centralized religious organizations, the leader reaffirms members' political interests because followers support religious organizations that are politically responsive.
C.H. Alexandrowicz's India and the Kautilyan Moment
Authors: LANDAUER Carl 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the international legal historian C.H. Alexandrowicz's engagement with Kautilya'sArthashastraas part of his revision of the place of India and Southeast Asia in the development of international law. The article locates Alexandrowicz's writing on theArthashastraagainst the backdrop of the debates about theArthashastrathat ensued upon its discovery in 1905, including controversies about its date, authorship, and place in the tradition of Indian political thought. The article reviews the Indian nationalist reading of Kautilya, the various attempts to compare Kautilya to Hobbes and Machiavelli, and the values that were particularly important for Alexandrowicz in telling the narrative of the place of Kautilya'sArthashastra, its rationalism, secularism, and the divisibility of sovereignty.
Revered and reviled. An outline of the public debate regarding classical language education
Authors: Vereeck Alexandra , Bracke Evelien , De Herdt Katja , Janse Mark 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe value of classical language education is subject to a fierce dispute, waged continuously and internationally. While some dismiss Classics as useless or elitist, others herald its extraordinary formative value and the many benefits that await pupils. This article aims to give a novel overview of the public debate regarding classical language education, which is defined as follows: the controversy about the instruction of Latin and/or Ancient Greek at the secondary educational level, as it emerges from Western traditional media in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The reader is provided with historical insight into this debate that many classicists find themselves in the middle of, as well as with a logical and coherent framework of the various arguments pro and contra. The arguments are embedded in the history of classical language education, classified into categories, analysed and discussed at length. The classification of arguments hinges on the two main lines of criticism towards the study of classical languages, which are inspired by egalitarianism and utilitarianism respectively. As a backdrop to the analysis, we rely on the sociolinguistic theory of language ideology. The general conclusions of this paper are that the value of classical language education is indeed a highly ideologically charged matter, and that the surrounding public debate has known a remarkably high level of continuity.
Solar and Solar Wind Energy Drivers for O+ and O2+ ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{+}$ Ion Escape at Mars
Authors: Schnepf N. R. , Dong Y. , Brain D. , Hanley K. G. , Peterson W. K. , Strangeway R. J. , Thiemann E. M. B. , Halekas J. S. , Espley J. R. , Eparvier F. , McFadden J. P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMars once had a dense atmosphere enabling liquid water existing on its surface, however, much of that atmosphere has since escaped to space. We examine how incoming solar and solar wind energy fluxes drive escape of atomic and molecular oxygen ions (O+ and ) at Mars. We use MAVEN data to evaluate ion escape from 1 February 2016 through 25 May 2022. We find that Martian O+ and both have increased escape flux with increased solar wind kinetic energy flux and this relationship is generally logarithmic. Increased solar wind electromagnetic energy flux also corresponds to increased O+ and escape flux, however, increased solar wind electromagnetic energy flux seems to first dampen ion escape until a threshold level is reached, at which point ion escape increases with increasing electromagnetic energy flux. Increased solar irradiance (both total and ionizing) does not obviously increase escape of O+ and . Our results suggest that the solar wind electromagnetic energy flux should be considered along with the kinetic energy flux as an important driver of ion escape, and that other parameters should be considered when evaluating solar irradiance's impact on O+ and escape.
Asymmetric Impacts of ENSO on Boreal Winter Southern Subtropical Cell in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Liu Yu , Xu Kang , Wang Weiqiang , Xie Qiang , He Zhuoqi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe interannual relationships between the southern subtropical cell (SSTC) in the Indian Ocean (IO) and the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are examined. The results demonstrate that the impacts of ENSO on the boreal winter IO SSTC display a notable negative skewness, with the amplification of the SSTC during La Niña being far stronger than its reduction during El Niño. This difference is mainly attributed to an asymmetry in anomalous meridional geostrophic transport, characterized by more robust southward (weaker northward) geostrophic transport anomalies during La Niña (El Niño) events. Further analyses reveal that the differing longitudinal positions of the ENSO‐related sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) are the primary drivers of the asymmetry in anomalous meridional geostrophic transport via the oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections. Compared to the warm SSTA in El Niño events, the La Niña‐related cool SSTA in the central‐eastern equatorial Pacific displays a greater westward extension, which induces stronger surface easterlies over the western equatorial Pacific, and then initiates a more substantial sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) in the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO) through oceanic waveguides. This leads to a heightened zonal SSHA gradient over the southern IO, resulting in a larger anomalous meridional geostrophic transport. On the other hand, the westward extension of negative SSTA during La Niña winters triggers anomalous cyclonic northerlies along the western coast of Australia by shifting the Walker circulation westward. These coastal northerlies amplify the positive SSHA signals in the SEIO and enhance the anomalous meridional geostrophic transport, ultimately contributing to a more robust IO SSTC response.
Winter Convective Mixing Mediating Coupling of N‐Gain and ‐Loss in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Saxena Himanshu , Sahoo Deepika , Nazirahmed Sipai , Sharma Niharika , Rai Deepak Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Arvind 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMarine dinitrogen (N2) fixation fuels primary production and thereby influences the Earth's climate. Yet, its geographical distribution and controlling environmental parameters remain debatable. We measured N2 fixation rates from the two spatially and physicochemically contrasting regions of the Arabian Sea during the winter monsoon: (a) the colder and nutrient‐rich waters in the northern region owing to winter convection and (b) the warmer and nutrient‐poor waters in the southern region unaffected by winter convection. We found higher N2 fixation rates at the surface of northern region due to convective mixing driven supply of phosphate (intuitively iron also) from the underlying suboxic waters. N2 fixation was favored by high nutrient concentrations in the euphotic waters, whereas remained unaffected by nutrient availability in the aphotic waters. We conclude that diazotrophs dwelling in the euphotic zone chose phosphate over fixed nitrogen‐poor waters. However, we found that among oligotrophic waters, anticyclonic eddy extremes the barrier of fixed nitrogen supply, and thereby, elevates N2 fixation. While the Arabian Sea loses about 20%–40% of the global ocean fixed nitrogen, we estimate that N2 fixation in the Arabian Sea offsets only up to 42% of its fixed nitrogen‐loss by denitrification, but this offset could be higher if diazotrophic activity is further examined up to the deeper depths of the Arabian Sea.
Bringing a Lens of Equity to Geoscience Qualifying Examinations
Authors: Dove Lilian A. , Singer Clare E. , Murphy Sara E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQualifying examinations are an important milestone in geoscience graduate programs, but students with marginalized identities are disproportionately lost from graduate programs around the time of these exams. Inequity in qualifying exams can enter at multiple stages throughout the exam design, student mentorship experience, exam administration, and post exam feedback. Therefore, robust assessment is necessary when building an equitable examination. We provide concrete suggestions for graduate programs to evaluate and modify their qualifying examinations. The data‐driven and iterative process encourages graduate programs to outline specific expectations for success, employ best‐practice pedagogy, proactively support students, and use data to measure progress and inform changes in the examination.
Large‐Scale Wave‐Driven Interactions and Plasma‐Neutral Coupling in the Low‐Latitude Ionosphere‐Thermosphere
Authors: Khadka Sovit M. , Gasperini Federico , Stolle Claudia , Oberheide Jens 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe plasma and neutral density variations, interactions and coupling processes within ±30° latitudes are examined concurrently by the DMSP‐F18 and Swarm‐C satellite during geomagnetically quiet years in 2020–2021. The wavenumber (WN) patterns are computed in the form of neutral and electron density for two altitudes and their latitudinal profiles are analyzed. We observe that the WN1 structure of the electron density has a significant seasonal dependence in the topside ionosphere and dominates all other structures but WN2 neutral density amplitude dominates all other structures in the middle thermosphere (∼440 km). Additionally, we analyze vertical‐temporal‐latitudinal tidal structures from the Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT) to find evidence for the modulation of the large‐scale waves (LSWs) neutral density structures. Through the examination of the in situ observational and modeling approaches, we show that the tidal contributors of WN structures obtained from CTMT can capture the influence of terrestrial sources on the WN structures of plasma‐neutral density and imprint the corresponding vertical coupling in the IT system. Correlation analysis reveals that the amplitudes of the WN1 and WN3 structures of electron density in topside ionosphere and those of neutral density in the middle thermosphere show intermittent but significant correlations with each other, unlike the WN2 and WN4 structures. This study provides new insights into the topside ionospheric response to wave driving in the lower atmosphere, which ultimately improves our capability to understand the interaction and vertical coupling of large‐scale structures, thereby advancing our predictive capabilities of space weather critical for satellite operations.
All-inorganic ultrathin high-sensitivity transparent temperature sensor based on a Mn-Co-Ni-O nanofilm
Authors: Cui Yuanyuan , Sun Mengwei , Liu Changbo , Deng Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe demand for optically transparent temperature sensors in intelligent devices is increasing. However, the performance of these sensors, particularly in terms of their sensitivity and resolution, must be further enhanced. This study introduces a novel transparent and highly sensitive temperature sensor characterized by its ultrathin, freestanding design based on a Mn-Co-Ni-O nanofilm. The Mn-Co-Ni-O-based sensor exhibits remarkable sensitivity, with a temperature coefficient of resistance of −4% °C−1, and can detect minuscule temperature fluctuations as small as 0.03 °C. Additionally, the freestanding sensor can be transferred onto any substrate for versatile application while maintaining robust structural stability and excellent resistance to interference, indicating its suitability for operation in challenging environments. Its practical utility in monitoring the surface temperature of optical devices is demonstrated through vertical integration of the sensor and a micro light-emitting diode on a polyimide substrate. Moreover, an experiment in which the sensor is implanted in rats confirms its favorable biocompatibility, highlighting the promising applications of the sensor in the biomedical domain.
FNDC5 prevents oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after traumatic brain injury through SIRT3-dependent regulation of mitochondrial quality control
Authors: Ge Yufeng , Wu Xun , Cai Yaning , Hu Qing , Wang Jin , Zhang Shenghao , Zhao Baocheng , Cui Wenxing , Wu Yang , Wang Qiang , Feng Tian , Liu Haixiao , Qu Yan , Ge Shunnan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are important mechanisms for secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI), which result in progressive pathophysiological exacerbation. Although the Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) was reported to repress oxidative stress by retaining mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, its possible role in the secondary injury after TBI remain obscure. In present study, we observed that the level of serum irisin (the cleavage product of FNDC5) significantly correlated with the neurological outcomes of TBI patients. Knockout of FNDC5 increased the lesion volume and exacerbated apoptosis and neurological deficits after TBI in mice, while FNDC5 overexpression yielded a neuroprotective effect. Moreover, FNDC5 deficiency disrupted mitochondrial dynamics and function. Activation of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) alleviated FNDC5 deficiency-induced disruption of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. In neuron-specific SIRT3 knockout mice, FNDC5 failed to attenuate TBI-induced mitochondrial damage and brain injuries. Mechanically, FNDC5 deficiency led to reduced SIRT3 expression via enhanced ubiquitin degradation of transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which contributed to the hyperacetylation and inactivation of key regulatory proteins of mitochondrial dynamics and function, including OPA1 and SOD2. Finally, engineered RVG29-conjugated nanoparticles were generated to selectively and efficiently deliver irisin to the brain of mice, which yielded a satisfactory curative effect against TBI. In conclusion, FNDC5/irisin exerts a protective role against acute brain injury by promoting SIRT3-dependent mitochondrial quality control and thus represents a potential target for neuroprotection after TBI.
Current understanding of the interplay between extracellular matrix remodelling and gut permeability in health and disease
Authors: Vilardi Aurora , Przyborski Stefan , Mobbs Claire , Rufini Alessandro , Tufarelli Cristina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe intestinal wall represents an interactive network regulated by the intestinal epithelium, extracellular matrix (ECM) and mesenchymal compartment. Under healthy physiological conditions, the epithelium undergoes constant renewal and forms an integral and selective barrier. Following damage, the healthy epithelium is restored via a series of signalling pathways that result in remodelling of the scaffolding tissue through finely-regulated proteolysis of the ECM by proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). However, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, as occurs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), is associated with prolonged disruption of the epithelial barrier and persistent damage to the intestinal mucosa. Increased barrier permeability exhibits distinctive signatures of inflammatory, immunological and ECM components, accompanied by increased ECM proteolytic activity. This narrative review aims to bring together the current knowledge of the interplay between gut barrier, immune and ECM features in health and disease, discussing the role of barrier permeability as a discriminant between homoeostasis and IBD.