bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ameliorative and neuroprotective effects of dietary fibre on hyperuricaemia mice: a perspective from microbiome and metabolome
Authors: Wang Yu , Miao Fengping , Wang Jun , Zheng Maokun , Yu Feng , Yi Yuetao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe effect of single dietary fibre (DF) on lowering uric acid (UA) level has been reported in the literature. However, the potential protective mechanism of DF against potassium oxybate-induced hyperuricaemia (HUA), as modelled by prophylactic administration, remains unclear. The data demonstrate that DF significantly decreased serum and cerebral tissue UA concentrations, inhibited xanthine oxidase expression and activity in the liver and reduced levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen in the serum. Additionally, it mitigated the deposition of amyloid-β in cerebral tissue. Correlation analysis showed that DF modulated the Toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signalling pathway, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in HUA mice. Additionally, DF helps to maintain the composition of the gut microbiota, reducing harmful Desulfovibrio and enriching beneficial Akkermansia and Ruminococcus populations. The results of the faecal metabolomics analysis indicate that DF facilitates the regulation of metabolic pathways involved in oxidative stress and inflammation. These pathways include pyrimidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and vitamin B6 metabolism. Additionally, the study found that DF has a preventive effect on anxiety-like behaviour induced by HUA. In summary, DF shows promise in mitigating HUA and cognitive deficits, primarily by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites.
Thirty days of double-strain probiotic supplementation increases monocyte phagocytosis in marathon runners
Authors: Tavares-Silva Edgar , Leite Geovana Silva Fogaça , Batatinha Helena , Resende Ayane , Lemos Valdir de Aquino , Marques Camila Guazzelli , Lancha-Jr Antônio Herbert , Rosa Neto José , Thomatieli-Santos Ronaldo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMarathon runners, subjected to intense training regimens and prolonged, exhaustive exercises, often experience a compromised immune response. Probiotic supplementation has emerged as a potential remedy to mitigate the impact of prolonged exercise on athletes. Consequently, this study sought to assess the influence of probiotic supplementation on monocyte functionality both before and after the official marathon race. Twenty-seven runners were randomly and double-blindly assigned to two groups: placebo (n 13) and probiotic (PRO) (n 14). Over 30 d, both groups received supplements – placebo sachets containing maltodextrin (5 g/d) and PRO sachets containing 1 × 1010 colony-forming unit Lactobacillus acidophilus and 1 × 1010 colony-forming unit Bifidobacterium bifidum subsp. lactis. Blood samples were collected, and immunological assays, including phagocytosis, hydrogen peroxide production, cytokine levels and monocyte immunophenotyping, were conducted at four different intervals: baseline (start of supplementation/30 d pre-marathon), 24 h-before (1 d pre-marathon), 1 h-after (1 h post-marathon) and 5 d-after (5 d post-marathon). Monocyte populations remained consistent throughout the study. A notable increase in phagocytosis was observed in the PRO group after 30 d of supplementation. Upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation, both PRO and placebo groups exhibited decreased IL-8 production. However, after the marathon race, IL-15 stimulation demonstrated increased levels of 5 d-after, while IL-1-β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15 and TNF-α varied across different intervals, specifically within the PRO group. Probiotic supplementation notably enhanced the phagocytic capacity of monocytes. However, these effects were not sustained post-marathon.
Global, regional and national burdens of nutritional deficiencies, from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Qing Xin , Ji Yurou , Yuan Chunlei , Xie Kunke , Wang Ke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe epidemiological and burden characteristics of nutritional deficiencies (ND) have been evolving, and it is crucial to identify geographical disparities and emerging trends. This study aimed to analyse the global, regional and national trends in the burden of ND over the past 30 years. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database for the period 1990–2019. The study examined the incidence rates and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of ND at various levels. Globally, the incidence rate of ND decreased from 2226·2 per 100 000 in 2019 to 2096·3 per 100 000 in the same year, indicating a decline of 5·8 %. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was −0·21 (–0·31, −0·11). Similarly, DALY, prevalence and mortality rates of ND exhibited significant declines (AAPC = −3·21 (–3·45, −2·96), AAPC = −0·53 (–0·55, −0·51) and AAPC = −4·97 (–5·75, −4·19), respectively). The incidence rate of ND varied based on age group, sex, cause and geographical area. Moreover, a negative association was observed between incidence and the sociodemographic index. At the regional level, the South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa regions had the highest incidence rates of ND. In conclusion, the global incidence rate of ND showed a mixed pattern, while the DALY rate consistently declined. Additionally, prevalence and mortality rates of ND decreased between 1990 and 2019.
Memory Scripts and Life History in the Shadow of Brazil's Dictatorship
Authors: Blanc Jacob 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article proposes the concept of ‘memory script’ to analyse how, in the aftermath of political violence, memory activists narrate their lives in a way that is practised, repetitive and performative. Through a self-reflective life history of Aluízio Palmar, a Brazilian human rights activist and former political prisoner who suffered intense torture under military rule, this approach seeks to elucidates the personal and political contours of somebody's decision to transform their experiences into a public narrative. A close reading of Palmar's various platforms of memory-sharing reveals the complex moral reckoning of an activist's own trauma.
Codex Augiensis is a Copy of the Greek Text of Codex Boernerianus
Authors: Fisher Alec 
Published: June 2024

AbstractScholars have long been aware of the close relationship between two ninth-century Greek-Latin bilingual manuscripts, Codex Boernerianus (GA 012, VL 77) and Codex Augiensis (GA 010, VL 78). However, assessments of the nature of this relationship differ. The present article seeks to resolve this question by comparing full electronic transcriptions of the Greek texts of these manuscripts in Romans, Galatians, Ephesians, and First Timothy. An examination of the points of divergence, including unique readings, word division, corrections and lacunae confirm that their Greek text was either copied from the same exemplar, or that one served as exemplar for the other. Close analysis of the types of errors and the way in which corrections in Codex Boernerianus are handled in Codex Augiensis proves that the latter was copied from the former. These findings indicate that, as a copy of an existing manuscript, Codex Augiensis should no longer be cited in the apparatus of the Greek New Testament.
Curbing Elite Capture or Enhancing Resources: Recentralizing Local Environmental Enforcement in China
Authors: Zhu Xiao , Qiu Taotao , Liu Dongshu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Decentralization is believed to ensure better environmental governance. However, recent studies have shown that some governments recentralize local enforcement to increase the effectiveness of policy implementation. Under what conditions is recentralization the better option for environmental enforcement? This study attempts to differentiate two possible mechanisms through which recentralization can deliver better environmental outcomes: curbing elite capture and enhancing local resources. In the context of recentralization reform and with a unique dataset of local investigations into China's environmental enforcement, we demonstrate that although decentralization has been successful from many perspectives, recentralizing local environmental enforcement can produce better outcomes for pollution reduction in China, by curbing local protectionism rather than enhancing local resources. Further qualitative analysis reveals why recentralization cannot necessarily enhance local resources and capacity, even though it is designed to do so.
An examination of health care efficiency in Canada: a two-stage semi-parametric approach
Authors: Watson Barry , Amin Gholam R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUsing data envelopment analysis, we examine the efficiency of Canada's universal health care system by considering a set of labour (physicians) and capital (beds) inputs, which produce a level of care (measured in terms of health quality and quantity) in a given region. Data from 2013–2015 were collected from the Canadian Institute for Health Information regarding inputs and from the Canadian Community Health Survey and Statistics Canada regarding our output variables, health utility (quality) and life expectancy (quantity). We posit that variation in efficiency scores across Canada is the result of regional heterogeneity regarding socioeconomic and demographic disparities. Regressing efficiency scores on such covariates suggests that regional unemployment and an older population are quite impactful and associated with less efficient health care production. Moreover, regional variation indicates the Atlantic provinces (Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick) are quite inefficient, have poorer economic prospects, and tend to have an older population than the rest of Canada. Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions suggest that the latter two factors explain about one-third of this efficiency gap. Based on our two-stage semi-parametric analysis, we recommend Canada adjust their transfer payments to reflect these disparities, thereby potentially reducing inequality in regional efficiency.
Joshua McCarter Simpson's Songs and Mid-Nineteenth Century Antislavery Activism
Authors: Chybowski Julia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Ohio-based Black songwriter, Joshua Simpson, published two books of antislavery songs in the mid-nineteenth century, Original Anti-Slavery Songs in 1852 and Emancipation Car in 1854. Unlike most other known songsters, which were compilations of poetry from several authors, Simpson authored original lyrics for borrowed melodies, and he did so with extraordinary care, engaging the original song to enhance his activist messages. Employing the rhetorical practice of signification, his linkage of new lyrics with preexisting songs sometimes builds upon meaning from the original text, reusing it to add weight to the moral and political arguments against slavery. He also extends nature imagery and lyrics about the comforts of home and family in traditional ballads and contemporary sentimental songs to his new lyrics, but more often his signifying practice is ironic. He inverts the original song's sentimentality in deliberately discomforting ways that could persuade Americans to assist self-emancipating people and work toward wholescale abolition of slavery. Simpson's most radical songs talk back irreverently to the originals, especially minstrel tunes containing degrading caricatures and proslavery propaganda as well as patriotic anthems proclaiming hypocritical platitudes. Simpson did not simply write new songs; he transformed some of the most popular and beloved songs of his era, harnessing their renown to sharpen his activist messages.
Effects of Solar Variability on Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Nayak Chinmaya , Bulusu Jayashree , Vichare Geeta , Dimri A. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current study explores the relationship between solar variability and tropical cyclone (TC) activity using sunspot number (SSN) and TC best‐track data as respective proxies. We have considered six regions of the globe, for example, EP: Eastern Pacific, NA: North Atlantic, NI: North Indian, SI: South Indian, SP: South Pacific, and WP: Western Pacific. The results show strong anti‐correlation between yearly TC activity and yearly SSN while considering their 11‐year moving averages. This behavior is consistent for TC counts as well as accumulated cyclone energy. However, this is true only for the North Atlantic region. Overall, when we consider all regions together, more TCs (in terms of counts) are observed during lower solar activity periods (SSN < 50) as compared to higher solar activity conditions (SSN > 100). However, the yearly rates remain more or less similar. On the other hand, extreme TC events with a maximum wind speed of 137 knots and higher (category 5) are most likely to occur during the declining phase of a solar cycle and least likely to occur during the ascending phase or the maximum phase. Although solar activity levels are similar during the declining and ascending phases, the yearly occurrence rate is nearly double in the declining phase (1.123) as compared to that in the ascending phase (0.625).
Bridging 20 Years of Soil Organic Matter Frameworks: Empirical Support, Model Representation, and Next Steps
Authors: Rocci Katherine S. , Cotrufo M. Francesca , Ernakovich Jessica , Foster Erika , Frey Serita , Georgiou Katerina , Grandy A. Stuart , Malhotra Avni , Reich Peter B. , Schlerman Else P. , Wieder William R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the past few decades, there has been an evolution in our understanding of soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics from one of inherent biochemical recalcitrance to one deriving from plant‐microbe‐mineral interactions. This shift in understanding has been driven, in part, by influential conceptual frameworks which put forth hypotheses about SOM dynamics. Here, we summarize several focal conceptual frameworks and derive from them six controls related to SOM formation, (de)stabilization, and loss. These include: (a) physical inaccessibility; (b) organo‐mineral and ‐metal stabilization; (c) biodegradability of plant inputs; (d) abiotic environmental factors; (e) biochemical reactivity and diversity; and (f) microbial physiology and morphology. We then review the empirical evidence for these controls, their model representation, and outstanding knowledge gaps. We find relatively strong empirical support and model representation of abiotic environmental factors but disparities between data and models for biochemical reactivity and diversity, organo‐mineral and ‐metal stabilization, and biodegradability of plant inputs, particularly with respect to SOM destabilization for the latter two controls. More empirical research on physical inaccessibility and microbial physiology and morphology is needed to deepen our understanding of these critical SOM controls and improve their model representation. The SOM controls are highly interactive and also present some inconsistencies which may be reconciled by considering methodological limitations or temporal and spatial variation. Future conceptual frameworks must simultaneously refine our understanding of these six SOM controls at various spatial and temporal scales and within a hierarchical structure, while incorporating emerging insights. This will advance our ability to accurately predict SOM dynamics.
Free-standing microscale photonic lantern spatial mode (De-)multiplexer fabricated using 3D nanoprinting
Authors: Dana Yoav , Garcia Yehudit , Kukin Aleksei , Dallachiesa Lauren , Guerrier Sterenn , Fontaine Nicolas K. , Marom Dan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhotonic lantern (PL) spatial multiplexers show great promise for a range of applications, such as future high-capacity mode division multiplexing (MDM) optical communication networks and free-space optical communication. They enable efficient conversion between multiple single-mode (SM) sources and a multimode (MM) waveguide of the same dimension. PL multiplexers operate by facilitating adiabatic transitions between the SM arrayed space and the single MM space. However, current fabrication methods are forcing the size of these devices to multi-millimeters, making integration with micro-scale photonic systems quite challenging. The advent of 3D micro and nano printing techniques enables the fabrication of freestanding photonic structures with a high refractive index contrast (photopolymer-air). In this work we present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a 6-mode mixing, 375 µm long PL that enables the conversion between six single-mode inputs and a single six-mode waveguide. The PL was designed using a genetic algorithm based inverse design approach and fabricated directly on a 7-core fiber using a commercial two-photon polymerization-based 3D printer and a photopolymer. Although the waveguides exhibit high index contrast, low insertion loss (−2.6 dB), polarization dependent (−0.2 dB) and mode dependent loss (−4.4 dB) were measured.
Analysis of human neuronal cells carrying ASTN2 deletion associated with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Hayashi Yu , Okumura Hiroki , Arioka Yuko , Kushima Itaru , Mori Daisuke , Lo Tzuyao , Otgonbayar Gantsooj , Kato Hidekazu , Nawa Yoshihiro , Kimura Hiroki , Aleksic Branko , Ozaki Norio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent genetic studies have found common genomic risk variants among psychiatric disorders, strongly suggesting the overlaps in their molecular and cellular mechanism. Our research group identified the variant in ASTN2 as one of the candidate risk factors across these psychiatric disorders by whole-genome copy number variation analysis. However, the alterations in the human neuronal cells resulting from ASTN2 variants identified in patients remain unknown. To address this, we used patient-derived and genome-edited iPS cells with ASTN2 deletion; cells were further differentiated into neuronal cells. A comprehensive gene expression analysis using genome-edited iPS cells with variants on both alleles revealed that the expression level of ZNF558, a gene specifically expressed in human forebrain neural progenitor cells, was greatly reduced in ASTN2-deleted neuronal cells. Furthermore, the expression of the mitophagy-related gene SPATA18, which is repressed by ZNF558, and mitophagy activity were increased in ASTN2-deleted neuronal cells. These phenotypes were also detected in neuronal cells differentiated from patient-derived iPS cells with heterozygous ASTN2 deletion. Our results suggest that ASTN2 deletion is related to the common pathogenic mechanism of psychiatric disorders by regulating mitophagy via ZNF558.
Identifying patients with undiagnosed small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours in primary care using statistical and machine learning: model development and validation study
Authors: Clift Ash Kieran , Mahon Hadley , Khan Ghazanfar , Boardman-Pretty Freya , Worker Amanda , Marchini Elena , Buendia Orlando , Fish Peter , Khan Mohid S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are increasing in incidence, often diagnosed at advanced stages, and individuals may experience years of diagnostic delay, particularly when arising from the small intestine (SI). Clinical prediction models could present novel opportunities for case finding in primary care.

Methods
An open cohort of adults (18+ years) contributing data to the Optimum Patient Care Research Database between 1st Jan 2000 and 30th March 2023 was identified. This database collects de-identified data from general practices in the UK. Model development approaches comprised logistic regression, penalised regression, and XGBoost. Performance (discrimination and calibration) was assessed using internal-external cross-validation. Decision analysis curves compared clinical utility.

Results
Of 11.7 million individuals, 382 had recorded SI NET diagnoses (0.003%). The XGBoost model had the highest AUC (0.869, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.841–0.898) but was mildly miscalibrated (slope 1.165, 95% CI: 1.088–1.243; calibration-in-the-large 0.010, 95% CI: −0.164 to 0.185). Clinical utility was similar across all models.

Discussion
Multivariable prediction models may have clinical utility in identifying individuals with undiagnosed SI NETs using information in their primary care records. Further evaluation including external validation and health economics modelling may identify cost-effective strategies for case finding for this uncommon tumour.
Nurturing gut health: role of m6A RNA methylation in upholding the intestinal barrier
Authors: Wang Shuaijie , Yang Yuzhong , Jiang Xiaohan , Zheng Xiang , Wei Qiufang , Dai Wenbin , Zhang Xuemei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe intestinal lumen acts as a critical interface connecting the external environment with the body’s internal state. It’s essential to prevent the passage of harmful antigens and bacteria while facilitating nutrient and water absorption. The intestinal barriers encompass microbial, mechanical, immunological, and chemical elements, working together to maintain intestinal balance. Numerous studies have associated m6A modification with intestinal homeostasis. This review comprehensively outlines potential mechanisms through which m6A modification could initiate, exacerbate, or sustain barrier damage from an intestinal perspective. The pivotal role of m6A modification in preserving intestinal equilibrium provides new insights, guiding the exploration of m6A modification as a target for optimizing preventive and therapeutic strategies for intestinal homeostasis.
Risk factors for secondary thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer: a propensity‑matched SEER analysis
Authors: Diao Yizhuo , Wang Ruiqi , Cui Jiaxue , Jin Chenxin , Chen Yongxing , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of imaging technology and comprehensive treatment in modern medicine, the early diagnosis rate of breast cancer is constantly improving, and the prognosis is also improving; As breast cancer patients survive longer, the risk of developing second primary cancers increases. Since both breast and thyroid are Hormone receptor sensitive organs, which are regulated by hypothalamus pituitary target gland endocrine axis, changes in body endocrine status may lead to the occurrence of these two diseases in succession or simultaneously. This study extracted clinical data and survival outcomes of breast cancer patients registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2019. After matching the case and controls with propensity scores, the selected patients were randomly split into training and test datasets at a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate COX proportional regression analysis is used to determine independent risk factors for secondary thyroid cancer and construct a column chart prediction model. Age, ethnicity, whether radiotherapy, tumor primary location, N stage, M stage were identified by Cox regression as independent factors affecting secondary thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer patients, and a risk factor nomogram was established to predict patients’ 3 and 5 year survival probabilities. The AUC values for 3 and 5 years in the training set were 0.713, 0.707, and the c-index was 0.693 (95% CI 0.67144, 0.71456), and the AUC values for 3 and 5 years in the validation set were 0.681, 0.681, and the c-index was 0.673 (95% CI 0.64164, 0.70436), respectively.