bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical Characteristics and Composition of Indian Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate and the Recovery of Phytosterols
Authors: Khatoon Sakina , Raja Rajan R. G. , Gopala Krishna A. G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe deodoriser distillate (DOD) of Indian soybean oil obtained from two industries processing soybean oil was investigated for its physicochemical characteristics, its composition of tocopherols, phytosterols, fatty acids and recovery of phytosterols for use in nutraceutical products. It was found that the two DOD samples studied were dark in color and had higher amounts of free fatty acids (22.7 and 49.9%), unsaponifiable matter (11.8 and 21.9%) (5–10 times found in soybean oil), total tocopherols (1957–2256 mg/100 g) (20 times the amount in soybean oil), and 6–10% of phytosterols (12–20 times the soybean oil). The fatty acids found were palmitic (23.2–25.5%), stearic (1.4–2.4%), oleic (23.8–26.1%), linoleic (40.4–41.1%) and linolenic (2.7–3.2%) acids. The unsaponifiable matter (21.9%) and phytosterols (8.7%) content of DOD‐2 were higher than in DOD‐1 and hence was more suited for isolation of phytosterols. Using hexane and water for crystallisation, the DOD‐2 yielded a phytosterol fraction with lower recovery of 13.2–17.8% while treatment with alkali to remove FFA and the glycerides followed by organic solvent extraction yielded unsaponifiable matter containing phytosterols with a recovery of 74.6%. Later the unsaponifiable matter was purified by double crystallisation into a mixture of phytosterols of 87% purity containing β‐sitosterol (34.3%), stigmasterol (3.1%) and campesterol (50.1%). The product may find use in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and allied industries probably as a nutraceutical.
Interprofessional team approach to infertility treatment in Japan
Authors: Yano Keiko , Ohashi Kazutomo 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPurposeAt present, a team approach involving gynecologists, nurses, embryologists, and the other professionals is considered necessary to provide successful infertility treatment. First, we documented which professionals were in charge during various phases of infertility treatment. Second, clinical staff and patients were surveyed regarding their expectations regarding which of these professionals should contribute during examination, during treatment and after treatment for infertility.MethodsWe surveyed the actual situation perceived by staff as well as the desired situation for staff and patients in relation to 21 procedures related to infertility treatment. We distributed 781 questionnaires to staff and patients at 86 facilities. Of 380 returned by mail, we analyzed 128 responses from staff who worked with four types of professionals or specialists, i.e., medical doctors, nurses, embryologists, and medical clerks, and 46 from patients who consulted these professionals during their treatment.ResultsMost staff recognized 5 of 15 procedures before and after treatment as being conducted by medical doctors alone. However, explanation and consultation regarding the methods and schedule were mainly performed with an interprofessional team approach. Expectations regarding professionals in charge differed between staff and patients. A team approach including infertility counselors and medical clerks was utilized and considered desirable during counseling.ConclusionsAn effective team approach should be established for each step of infertility treatment.
Best friend attachment versus peer attachment in the prediction of adolescent psychological adjustment
Authors: Wilkinson Ross B. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis study examined the utility of the newly developed Adolescent Friendship Attachment Scale (AFAS) for the prediction of adolescent psychological health and school attitude. High school students (266 males, 229 females) were recruited from private and public schools in the Australian Capital Territory with ages of participants ranging from 13 to 19 years. Self‐report measures of depression, self‐esteem, self‐competence and school attitude were administered in addition to the AFAS and a short‐form of the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment (IPPA). Regression analyses revealed that the AFAS Anxious and Avoidant scales added to the prediction of depression, self‐esteem, self‐competence, and school attitude beyond the contribution of the IPPA. It is concluded that the AFAS taps aspects of adolescent attachment relationships not assessed by the IPPA and provides a useful contribution to research and practice in the area of adolescent psycho‐social adjustment.
Invariance de laK-Théorie par équivalences dérivées
Authors: Cisinski Denis-Charles 
Published: November 2009

RésuméCes notes ont pour but de démontrer que tout foncteur exact à droite entre catégories de Waldhausen raisonnables, induisant une équivalence au niveau des catégories homotopiques, définit une équivalence d'homotopie entre les spectres deK-théorie correspondants. Cela généralise un résultat bien connu de Thomason et Trobaugh. Les ingrédients de démonstration sont une généralisation du théorème d'approximation de Waldhausen et une caractérisation combinatoire simple des équivalences dérivées. On étudie par ailleurs la localisation simpliciale des catégories de Waldhausen. On démontre qu'un foncteur (homotopiquement) exact à droite induit une équivalence de catégories homotopiques si et seulement s'il induit une équivalence au niveau des localisations simpliciales. Cela permet de faire le lien avec laK-théorie des catégories simpliciales introduite par Toën et Vezzosi.
Hermitian K-theory of exact categories
Authors: Schlichting Marco 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe study the theory of higher Grothendieck-Witt groups, alias algebraic hermitian K-theory, of symmetric bilinear forms in exact categories, and prove additivity, cofinality, dévissage and localization theorems – preparing the ground for the theory of higher Grothendieck-Witt groups of schemes as developed in [Sch08a] and [Sch08b]. No assumption on the characteristic is being made.
The Euler characteristic and Euler defect for comodules over Euler coalgebras
Authors: Simson Daniel 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLet K be a field. We study a class of left C-comodules over a basic left Euler coalgebra C by means of the Euler ℤ-bilinear form associated to C, the Euler characteristic χC(M,N) of left C-comodules M,N, and the defect ∂C(M,N) ∊ ℤ associated to any computable Euler pair (M,N) of left C-comodules. We show that (lgthM, lgthN) = χC(M,N) + ∂C(M,N), for any computable Euler pair (M,N) of comodules over a left Euler coalgebra C. One of the main results of the paper asserts that the defect ∂C(M,N) is zero and (lgthM,lgthN) = χC(M,N), if the comodules M,N are finite-dimensional.
Stratigraphic record of Neoproterozoic ice sheet collapse: the Kapp Lyell diamictite sequence, SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard
Authors: BJØRNERUD M. G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe diamictites of the Neoproterozoic Kapp Lyell Sequence in northern Wedel Jarlsberg Land, southwest Spitsbergen, have long been recognized as ancient glacial deposits, but their place within the global stratigraphic framework of ‘snowball Earth’ has remained unclear, owing to the complexity of superimposed Caledonian deformation and to the relatively inaccessible terrain in which they occur. Recently deglaciated exposures of the rocks now provide a more complete picture of the changing environment in which the diamictites were deposited, and new understanding of regional correlations help constrain their place in the global chronostratigraphy of the Cryogenian Period. The 2500 m thick Kapp Lyell Sequence consists of three distinct types of glaciomarine diamictite. The succession begins with about 1000 m of finely laminated diamictite containing abundant lonestones. The millimetre- to centimetre-scale laminae, apparent suspension deposits, consist of sand- to silt-sized particles of quartz and dolomite alternating with thin films of graphitic phyllite. The laminated unit gives way abruptly to 500–1000 m of unsorted, unlayered diamictite that alternates and interfingers with graded beds of conglomerate to sandstone. These apparent turbidite deposits become increasingly prevalent toward the top of the exposed section. Regional lithostratigraphic relationships suggest that the Kapp Lyell sequence corresponds to the second major stage of Neoproterozoic glaciation at c. 635 Ma. The graphitic material in the laminated unit yields δ13C values in the range of −20 to −22 ‰, pointing to a biogenic origin and an active marine biosphere at the time of deposition. The preservation of organic carbon and unusually large ratios of highly reactive Fe to total Fe suggest that low oxygen conditions prevailed in the deep basin that received these sediments. The transition from laminated, to unsorted, to graded diamictites may represent change from (1) a stable ice margin that released rare icebergs into a deep, quiet basin to (2) a collapsing ice sheet that unleashed flotillas of icebergs and large volumes of sediment to (3) submarine landslides that triggered turbidity flows from the rapidly deposited, gravitationally unstable sediments. The Kapp Lyell diamictite sequence appears to chronicle the demise of a large ice mass in this part of the Neoproterozoic world.
A DNS study of effects of particle–particle collisions and two-way coupling on particle deposition and phasic fluctuations
Authors: NASR HOJJAT , AHMADI GOODARZ , MCLAUGHLIN JOHN B. 
Published: November 2009

This study is concerned with the effects of particle–particle collisions and the two-way coupling on the dispersed and carrier phase turbulence fluctuations in a channel flow. The time history of the instantaneous turbulent velocity vector was generated by the two-way coupled direct numerical simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations via a pseudo-spectral method. The particle equation of motion included the wall-corrected nonlinear drag force and the wall-induced and shear-induced lift force. The effect of particles on the flow was included in the analysis via a feedback force that acted on the computational grid points. Several simulations for different particle relaxation times and particle mass loadings were performed, and the effects of particle–particle collisions, particle feedback force and inter-particle interactions on the particle deposition velocity, fluid and particle fluctuating velocities, and particle concentration profiles were determined. The effect of particle aerodynamic interactions was also examined for certain cases.The simulation results indicated that when particle–particle collisions were included in the computation but two-way coupling effects were ignored, the particle normal fluctuating velocity increased in the wall region causing an increase in the particle deposition velocity. When the particle collisions were neglected but the particle–fluid two-way coupling effects were accounted for, the two-way coupling and the particle normal fluctuating velocity decreased near the wall causing a decrease in the particle deposition velocity. In the case of the four-way coupling in which both inter-particle collisions and two-way coupling effects were present, it was found that the particle deposition velocity increased compared with the one-way coupling case. When the particle aerodynamic interactions were added to the four-way coupled case (termed six-way coupled case), no significant changes in the mean fluid and particle velocities and the fluid and particle fluctuating velocities were obtained.The results for the particle concentration profile indicated that the inclusion of two-way coupling or inter-particle collisions into the computation reduced the accumulation of particles near the wall. It was also observed that particle–particle collisions and two-way coupling weakened the preferential distribution of particles.
On the complexity of identifying head-elementary-set-free programs
Authors: FASSETTI FABIO , PALOPOLI LUIGI 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHead-elementary-set-free (HEF) programs were proposed in (Gebser et al. 2007) and shown to generalize over head-cycle-free programs while retaining their nice properties. It was left as an open problem in (Gebser et al. 2007) to establish the complexity of identifying HEF programs. This note solves the open problem by showing that the problem is complete for coNP.
Obtaining New Insights for Biodiversity Conservation from Broad-Scale Citizen Science Data
Authors: Kelling Steve , Fink Daniel , Hochachka Wesley , Iliff Marshall , Sullivan Brian , Wood Christopher , Munson Arthur , Riedewald Mirek 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIncreasing public engagement in volunteer science1, either through data collection2 or processing3, is both raising public awareness of science and gathering useful information for scientists. While the payoffs of citizen science4 are potentially large, achieving them requires new approaches to data management and analysis that can only result from strong cross-disciplinary collaborations. This is especially true in ecology and conservation biology, where historically the understanding of species’ responses to environmental change has been constrained by the limited spatial5 or temporal scale6 of available data. Here we describe collaborative research in ecology, computer science, and statistics to generate essential information for conservation management of North American birds: accurate dynamic bird distributions models based on habitat associations across much of North America. Unique is our ability to describe the broad-scale dynamics of seasonal bird distributions and the associated seasonal patterns of habitat use. Our source of bird distribution data is eBird7, an online bird checklist program that currently gathers more than 74,000 checklists monthly from a large network of contributors. Our results were made possible through a data intensive scientific workflow8 that includes analytical methods merged from the fields of machine learning and statistics. We believe that this novel approach of data collection, synthesis, analysis, and visualization will serve as a hallmark for future research initiatives, with broad applicability across many scientific domains.
Increased flood frequency and magnitude decreases density of a stream-breeding salamander in urbanized watersheds
Authors: Barrett Kyle , Guyer Craig 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Background/Question/Methods
As urbanization increases across the globe, more ecologists have taken note of its consequences to stream systems. Sufficient data have been collected to document repeated patterns in urbanized streams for many abiotic parameters, aquatic insects, and fish. For example, we now know that urbanized streams experience more frequent and intense spates as a result of increased runoff form impervious surfaces in the urban watershed. The spates eventually lead to a more incised and wider stream bed. Such abiotic shifts consistently result in decreased aquatic invertebrate and fish diversity. More recently, stream-breeding salamanders have been observed to decrease in density in urban areas. We monitored the density of southern two-lined salamanders for the duration of two cohorts in 12 streams in western Georgia, USA. We then used path analysis to determine the relationships between land-use change, abiotic shifts in the stream environment, and larval salamander density.

Results/Conclusions
We found that southern two-lined salamanders in the streams we monitored exhibited no change in reproductive output between urban and reference habitats. However, repeated sampling throughout the larval period revealed a large decline in density of larvae in urban areas prior to metamorphosis, while a similar decline was not seen in reference habitats. We evaluated several hypotheses that might explain the observed decline in urban areas, and a model in which increased impervious surface causes an increase in spate frequency and magnitude, which then leads to decreased larval density had the most support. This is the first attempt to compare multiple plausible hypotheses as to why salamander density and diversity decreases in urban habitats. By describing larval density at the beginning and end of the larval period, and by identifying a likely mechanism for the observed decline in density, species-specific and stream restoration efforts can be enhanced.
Diseases.
Authors: Coates L. , Zhou ErXun Zhou ErXun , Sittigul C. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

This chapter describes the following diseases infecting longan and litchi (Litchi chinensis): soilborne diseases (rot caused by Armillaria mellea, litchi decline, and longan decline); diseases in nurseries (caused by Fusarium, Pythium and Rhizoctonia species); foliar, floral, fruit, stem and preharvest diseases (algal spot caused by Cephaleuros virescens, corky bark caused by F. decemcellulare [Nectria rigidiuscula], downy blight caused by Peronophythora litchii, branch blight and fruit rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae, pepper spot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [Glomerella cingulata], leaf blight caused by Phomopsis species, Phytophthora-incited diseases, sooty mould and black mildew, witches' broom, and minor foliar and stem diseases); and postharvest diseases (anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species, stem end rot, and other postharvest diseases). Information on symptoms, morphology of causal agents, vectors (insects and nematodes), and control strategies (mainly cultural and chemical) is provided.
Automatic clustering of docking poses in virtual screening process using self-organizing map
Authors: Bouvier Guillaume , Evrard-Todeschi Nathalie , Girault Jean-Pierre , Bertho Gildas 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Scoring functions provided by the docking software are still a major limiting factor in virtual screening (VS) process to classify compounds. Score analysis of the docking is not able to find out all active compounds. This is due to a bad estimation of the ligand binding energies. Making the assumption that active compounds should have specific contacts with their target to display activity, it would be possible to discriminate active compounds from inactive ones with careful analysis of interatomic contacts between the molecule and the target. However, compounds clustering is very tedious due to the large number of contacts extracted from the different conformations proposed by docking experiments.
Results: Structural analysis of docked structures is processed in three steps: (i) a Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) training phase using drug–protein contact descriptors followed by (ii) an unsupervised cluster analysis and (iii) a Newick file generation for results visualization as a tree. The docking poses are then analysed and classified quickly and automatically by AuPosSOM (Automatic analysis of Poses using SOM). AuPosSOM can be integrated into strategies for VS currently employed. We demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate active compounds from inactive ones using only mean protein contacts' footprints calculation from the multiple conformations given by the docking software. Chemical structure of the compound and key binding residues information are not necessary to find out active molecules. Thus, contact–activity relationship can be employed as a new VS process.
Availability: AuPosSOM is available at http://www.aupossom.com.
Contact: contact@aupossom.com; gildas.bertho@parisdescartes.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Type 2C protein phosphatase FgPtc1p of the plant fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum is involved in lithium toxicity and virulence
Authors: JIANG LINGHUO , YANG JINGRAN , FAN FEIYU , ZHANG DAJUN , WANG XULI 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYType 2C protein phosphatases (PP2Cs) are monomeric protein serine/threonine phosphatases that play various roles in eukaryotic organisms. In this study, we characterized the PP2C encoded by FgPTC1 in Fusarium graminearum, the major causal agent of Fusarium head blight on wheat and barley. We found that deletion of FgPTC1 delays the mycelium growth of F. graminearum in response to lithium. Consistently, FgPTC1 complemented the function of ScPTC1 in lithium toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, we showed that deletion of FgPTC1 attenuated the virulence of F. graminearum on wheat. Therefore, FgPTC1 plays an important role in regulating the hyphal growth and virulence of F. graminearum.
Pepino mosaic virus: a successful pathogen that rapidly evolved from emerging to endemic in tomato crops
Authors: HANSSEN INGE M. , THOMMA BART P. H. J. 
Published: November 2009

SUMMARYTaxonomy: Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) belongs to the Potexvirus genus of the Flexiviridae family.Physical properties: PepMV virions are nonenveloped flexuous rods that contain a monopartite, positive‐sense, single‐stranded RNA genome of 6.4 kb with a 3′ poly‐A tail. The genome contains five major open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a 164‐kDa RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), three triple gene block proteins of 26, 14 and 9 kDa, and a 25‐kDa coat protein.Genome diversity: Four PepMV genotypes, with an intergenotype RNA sequence identity ranging from 78% to 95%, can be distinguished: the original Peruvian genotype (LP); the European (tomato) genotype (EU); the American genotype US1; and the Chilean genotype CH2.Transmission: PepMV is very efficiently transmitted mechanically, and a low seed transmission rate has been demonstrated. In addition, bumblebees have been associated with viral transmission.Host range: Similar to other Potexviruses, PepMV has a rather narrow host range that is thought to be largely restricted to species of the Solanaceae family. After originally being isolated from pepino (Solanum muricatum), PepMV has been identified in natural infections of the wild tomato species S. chilense, S. chmielewskii, S. parviflorum and S. peruvianum. PepMV is causing significant problems in the cultivation of the glasshouse tomato Solanum lycopersicum, and has been identified in weeds belonging to various plant families in the vicinity of tomato glasshouses.Symptomatology: PepMV symptoms can be very diverse. Fruit marbling is the most typical and economically devastating symptom. In addition, fruit discoloration, open fruit, nettle‐heads, leaf blistering or bubbling, leaf chlorosis and yellow angular leaf spots, leaf mosaic and leaf or stem necrosis have been associated with PepMV. The severity of PepMV symptoms is thought to be dependent on environmental conditions, as well as on the properties of the viral isolate. Minor nucleotide sequence differences between isolates from the same genotype have been shown to lead to enhanced aggressiveness and symptomatology.Control: Prevention of infection through strict hygiene measures is currently the major strategy for the control of PepMV in tomato production. Cross‐protection can be effective, but only under well‐defined and well‐controlled conditions, and the effectiveness depends strongly on the PepMV genotype.
microRNA expression in erythropoiesis and erythroid disorders
Authors: Lawrie Charles H. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryMicroRNAs are a recently discovered class of small (c. 22 nt) naturally occurring non‐coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression through binding to the un‐translated region of target mRNA. MicroRNAs play key roles in many cellular pathways including haematopoiesis and aberrant expression is a common feature of haematological malignancies. Whilst other areas of haematopoiesis have been extensively reviewed the involvement of microRNAs in red cell production (erythropoiesis) and disorders of this pathway is lacking. In this review the rapidly accumulating evidence that points to the major role microRNAs play in both erythropoiesis and erythroid disorders is discussed.