bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐arachidonoyl glycine, an endogenous lipid that acts as a vasorelaxant via nitric oxide and large conductance calcium‐activated potassium channels
Authors: Parmar Neelam , Ho W‐S Vanessa 
Published: February 2010

Background and purpose: N‐arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) is an endogenous lipid that is structurally similar to the endocannabinoid,N‐arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide). While NAGly does not activate cannabinoid receptors, it exerts cannabimimetic effects in pain regulation. Here, we have determined if NAGly, like anandamide, modulates vascular tone.Experimental approach: In rat isolated small mesenteric arteries, the relaxant responses to NAGly were characterized. Effects ofN‐arachidonoyl serine andN‐arachidonoyl γ‐aminobutyric acid were also examined.Key results: In endothelium‐intact arteries, NAGly‐induced relaxation (pEC50%= 5.7 ± 0.2; relaxation at 30 µM = 98 ± 1%) was attenuated byl‐NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or iberiotoxin [selective blocker of large conductance Ca2+‐activated K+channels (BKCa)], and abolished by high extracellular K+concentration. Endothelial removal reduced the potency of NAGly, and the resultant relaxation was inhibited by iberiotoxin, but notl‐NAME. NAGly responses were sensitive to the novel cannabinoid receptor antagonist O‐1918 independently of endothelial integrity, whereas pertussis toxin, which uncouplesGi/oproteins, attenuated NAGly relaxation only in endothelium‐intact arteries. Treatments with antagonists for CB1, CB2and TRPV1 receptors, or inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase and COX had no effect. The two other arachidonoyl amino acids also induced iberiotoxin‐ and L‐NAME‐sensitive relaxations.Conclusion and implications: NAGly acts as a vasorelaxant predominantly via activation of BKCain rat small mesenteric arteries. We suggest that NAGly activates an unknown Gi/o‐coupled receptor, stimulating endothelial release of nitric oxide which in turn activates BKCain the smooth muscle. In addition, NAGly might also activate BKCathrough Gi/o‐ and nitric oxide‐independent mechanisms.
Mankind’s first natural stem cell transplant
Authors: Tolosa Jose N. , Park Dong‐Hyuk , Eve David J. , Klasko Stephen K. , Borlongan Cesario V. , Sanberg Paul R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Early haematopoiesis in foetus
Early versus late clamping of the umbilical cord
Stem cells in human umbilical cord blood
First stem cell transplantation at birth
Conclusions

The timing of the umbilical cord clamping at birth is still controversial. In the modern era of medicine, the cord has been clamped early to facilitate resuscitation and stabilization of infants. However, recently delayed cord clamping has been supported by physicians because it allows for the physiological transfer of blood from the placenta to the infant. Many clinical studies have revealed that the delayed cord clamping elevates blood volume and haemoglobin and prevents anaemia in infants. Moreover, since it was known that umbilical cord blood contains various valuable stem cells such as haematopoietic stem cells, endothelial cell precursors, mesenchymal progenitors and multipotent/pluripotent lineage stem cells, the merit of delayed cord clamping has been magnified. In this review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of delayed cord clamping at birth. We highlight the importance of delayed cord clamping in realizing mankind’s first stem cell transfer and propose that it should be encouraged in normal births.
Radiation port xanthogranuloma: solitary xanthogranuloma occurring within the irradiated skin of a breast cancer patient‐report and review of cutaneous neoplasms developing at the site of radiotherapy
Authors: Cohen Philip R. , Prieto Victor G. 
Published: February 2010

Xanthogranulomas are benign lesions composed of macrophages in which some of the cells have vacuolated cytoplasm. They commonly occur in children, referred to as juvenile xanthogranulomata, and are histopathologically characterized by the presence of Touton giant cells. Xanthogranuloma can also occur in adults. A woman who developed a solitary xanthogranuloma within the field of radiotherapy following treatment of her breast cancer is reported. In addition to xanthogranuloma, other benign lesions of keratinocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells and lymphatic cells have been observed at the site of radiation treatment. Also, several malignancies, including hematopoietic cancers, sarcomas, metastatic cancers and common skin cancers, have been observed within radiation ports. A causal relationship in the development of our patient's xanthogranuloma is suggested by the temporal association between the treatment with radiotherapy and the subsequent appearance of a xanthogranuloma directly within the radiation field.Cohen PR, Prieto VG. Radiation port xanthogranuloma and solitary xanthogranuloma occurring within the irradiated skin of a breast cancer patient: report and review of cutaneous neoplasms developing at the site of radiotherapy.
Understanding school teacher’s knowledge regarding dental trauma: a basis for future interventions
Authors: Feldens Eliane Gerson , Feldens Carlos Alberto , Kramer Paulo Floriani , Da Silva Kapila Gomes , Munari Carolina Cabral , Brei Vinícius Andrade 
Published: February 2010

Abstract –  Background:  Traumatic dental injuries frequently occur at school environment. However, teachers are not prepared to provide the adequate emergency management.Aim:  The objectives of this study were to identify the factors associated with teachers’ knowledge about dental trauma and to describe school managers’ perception of possible strategies to change the scenario.Subjects and methods:  Our sample comprised 405 teachers from 17 public schools in Canoas, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, whose data were collected regarding demographic variables, training and professional experience information. The outcome was completely inadequate knowledge regarding trauma measured based on the answers to a structured questionnaire about dental fractures and tooth avulsion. The sample also included 14 school managers who answered a semi‐structured questionnaire about the causes of teachers’ inadequate knowledge and possible strategies to change the scenario.Results:  The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the probability of completely inadequate knowledge was higher among male teachers, with less professional experience, who had not achieved a graduate degree, who had not witnessed at least one dental trauma case at school and who had not been trained in first‐aid. School managers identified the following causes of inadequate knowledge: the fact that the topic is not approached during the teachers’ training and continual education and lack of experience involving dental trauma at school. In addition, they suggested that lectures and courses including written and visual communication should be offered, as well as training workshops.Conclusions:  Strategies to improve the teachers’ knowledge about dental trauma must take into consideration the results of the present study and optimize the inclusion of this topic in the teachers’ curricular training and pedagogical education in a continuous manner.
Fracture resistance and reinforcement of immature roots with gutta percha, mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium phosphate bone cement: a standardized in vitro model
Authors: Cauwels Rita G.E.C. , Pieters Ilse Y. , Martens Luc C. , Verbeeck Ronald M.H. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract – Endodontic treatment of immature teeth is often complicated because of flaring root canals and open apices for which apexification is needed. Long‐term prognosis for these teeth is surprisingly low because of cervical root fractures occurring after an impact of weak forces. In this study, an experimental model was developed to determine the fracture resistance of immature teeth and to test the hypothesis that endodontic materials succeed in reinforcing them. Compact and hollow bone cylinders from bovine femurs were used as standardized samples. In order to evaluate the experimental model, fracture resistance in both groups was evaluated by determining the ultimate force to fracture (UFF) under diametral tensile stress. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean values of UFF for both groups, independently of the sampling location or subject. In a following setting, the hypothesis that obturation with gutta percha (GP), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), or calcium phosphate bone cement (CPBC) reinforces the hollow bone samples was investigated. Obturation resulted in a significant reinforcement for all materials, but the degree of reinforcement depended on the material. The experimental model appeared to be suitable for in vitro investigation of reinforcement and fracture resistance in a standardized way.
Women’s Motivations for Sex: Exploring the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, Text Revision Criteria for Hypoactive Sexual Desire and Female Sexual Arousal Disorders
Authors: Carvalheira Ana A. , Brotto Lori A. , Leal Isabel 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere are problems with the existing definition of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in that desire for sex and sexual fantasy are not a universal experience.AimsTo explore: (i) women’s motivations to engage in sexual activity; (ii) frequency and predictors of sexual fantasies; (iii) sexual arousal; (iv) recognition of sexual arousal; and (v) association between relationship duration and these variables.MethodsThree thousand six hundred eighty-seven women completed a web-based survey of previously pilot-tested items.Main Outcome MeasuresInvestigator-derived self-report questions of sexual desire and arousal, and sexual fantasies.ResultsAmong women who easily became aroused, 15.5% reported only engaging in sex if they felt sexual desire at the outset whereas 30.7% typically or always accessed desire only once they were aroused. Women in longer-term relationships engaged in sex with no sexual desire more often (42%) than women in short-term relationships (22.4%) (P &lt;0.001). The percentage of women that reported fantasies only sometimes was 52.5%. A logistic regression revealed that religion (odds ratio [OR]=1.45; P &lt;0.001), difficulty getting aroused (OR=0.511; P &lt;0.001), responsive desire (OR=0.919; P &lt;0.05), and frequency of orgasm (OR=1.11; P &lt;0.05) were significantly associated with sexual fantasy. After controlling for age, relationship duration was negatively associated with frequency of initiating sex (r = −0.116, P &lt;0.001), women’s satisfaction with their own sexuality (r = −0.173, P &lt;0.001) and sexual satisfaction with the partner (r = −0.162, P &lt;0.001).ConclusionsResults reflect diversity in women’s motivations for sex, and there is evidence that responsive desire occurs in women with and without arousal difficulties. We strongly recommend relationship duration as well as adequacy of partner sexual stimulation to be recognized in any future diagnostic framework of dysfunction. Clinical implications as well as those for future diagnostic nomenclature are considered.
Study of the Prevalence of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Sexually Active Women 18 to 40 years of Age in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Echeverry Martha Cecilia , Arango Adriana , Castro Bibiana , Raigosa German 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in Colombia has not been adequately studied. A reliable estimate of the prevalence of FSD can be helpful for the adequate planning of reproductive health and research activities.

Aim
Measure the prevalence of female sexual complaints in a sample of sexually active women aged 18–40 years in a city of Colombia.

Methods
A self-administered validated questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), was administered to 410 sexually active women at different focal groups. A cutoff value of 26.5 was used to define female sexual complaint. Ten questions on age, educational level, socioeconomic status, marital status, cohabitation, depressive feelings, use of antidepressive drugs, menstrual cycle, offspring, and contraception were included.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary end point was the percentage of women having a score equal or less than 26.5.

Results
In the study group, 117 of 391 women scored less than 26.5 for a prevalence of sexual complaints of 30%. The independent variables associated with sexual complaints were low educational level, the feelings of depression, and the use of antidepressive drugs.

Conclusion
The present study found a low FSFI score in 30% of sexually active women aged 18–40 years in the city of Medellin, Colombia, which could be indicative of sexual complaints.
Ontogenetic Profile of the Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptors in Rat and Human Corpora Cavernosa of the Penis
Authors: Carosa Eleonora , Di Sante Stefania , Rossi Simona , Castri Alessandra , D’Adamo Fabio , Gravina Giovanni Luca , Ronchi Piero , Kostrouch Zdenek , Dolci Susanna , Lenzi Andrea , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn the last few years, various studies have underlined a correlation between thyroid function and male sexual function, hypothesizing a direct action of thyroid hormones on the penis.AimTo study the spatiotemporal distribution of mRNA for the thyroid hormone nuclear receptors (TR) α1, α2 and β in the penis and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the corpora cavernosa of rats and humans during development.MethodsWe used several molecular biology techniques to study the TR expression in whole tissues or primary cultures from human and rodent penile tissues of different ages.Main Outcome MeasureWe measured our data by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification, Northern blot and immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe found that TRα1 and TRα2 are both expressed in the penis and in SMCs during ontogenesis without development-dependent changes. However, in the rodent model, TRβ shows an increase from 3 to 6 days post natum (dpn) to 20 dpn, remaining high in adulthood. The same expression profile was observed in humans. While the expression of TRβ is strictly regulated by development, TRα1 is the principal isoform present in corpora cavernosa, suggesting its importance in SMC function. These results have been confirmed by immunohistochemistry localization in SMCs and endothelial cells of the corpora cavernosa.ConclusionsThe presence of TRs in the penis provides the biological basis for the direct action of thyroid hormones on this organ. Given this evidence, physicians would be advised to investigate sexual function in men with thyroid disorders.
AKT1 polymorphisms are associated with tuberculosis in the Chinese population
Authors: Wang X. , Cao Z. , Jiang J. , Zhu Y. , Dong M. , Tong A. , Cheng X. 
Published: February 2010

SummaryAKT1, a serine/threonine kinase, plays a critical role in the controlling of intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in AKT1 affect susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of AKT1, IVS3+18C>T and +726G>A were genotyped in Chinese patients with pulmonary TB by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. Patients with pulmonary TB had significantly lower IVS3+18 C/C genotype and higher C/T genotype compared with age‐, gender‐ and ethnically matched controls (P < 0.05). The T–A haplotype frequency was significantly higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our result indicates that AKT1 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary TB.
Planetesimal collisions in binary systems
Authors: Paardekooper S.-J. , Leinhardt Z. M. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We study the collisional evolution of kilometre-sized planetesimals in tight binary star systems to investigate whether accretion towards protoplanets can proceed despite the strong gravitational perturbations from the secondary star. The orbits of planetesimals are numerically integrated in two dimensions under the influence of the two stars and gas drag. The masses and orbits of the planetesimals are allowed to evolve due to collisions with other planetesimals and accretion of collisional debris. In addition, the mass in debris can evolve due to planetesimal—planetesimal collisions and the creation of new planetesimals. We show that it is possible in principle for kilometre-sized planetesimals to grow by two orders of magnitude in size if the efficiency of planetesimal formation is relatively low. We discuss the limitations of our two-dimensional approach.
Changes in expression and activity levels of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase/CD73 along the mouse female estrous cycle
Authors: Aliagas E. , Torrejón‐Escribano B. , Lavoie E. G. , De Aranda I. Gómez , Sévigny J. , Solsona C. , Martín‐Satué M. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  Extracellular ATP and its hydrolysis product adenosine modulate various reproductive functions such as those requiring contraction, hormone synthesis and maintenance of fluid composition. Moreover, adenosine is a key molecule for sperm capacitation. Extracellular nucleotide and nucleoside levels are affected by cell surface ectonucleotidases, amongst which the ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E‐NTPDase) family is the most abundant and effective to hydrolyse ATP and ADP to AMP. In the female reproductive tract three members of this family have been recently identified: NTPDase1, NTPDase2 and NTPDase3 (Histochem. Cell Biol.131, 2009, 615). The purpose of the present study was to characterize in this system the expression profile of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase (CD73), the enzyme generating adenosine from AMP.Methods:  Immunological techniques and in situ enzymatic assays were used to characterize the ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase expression in the mouse female reproductive tract along the four stages of the estrous cycle, that were determined by vaginal smear examination.Results:  Ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase was abundantly detected in the corpora lutea of the ovaries, as well as in several epithelia, such as that of oviducts, uterus and endometrial glands. Marked changes in endometrial ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase expression and activity along the estrous cycle are described, these being maximum at estrus phase, coinciding with optimal female sexual receptivity.Conclusion:  The adenosine generated thereby, besides other functions, might contribute to sperm capacitation, thus significantly influencing fertility.
MDR‐ and XDR‐TB among suspected drug‐resistant TB patients in a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: James Prince , Gupta Richa , Christopher Devasahayam Jesudas , Thankagunam Balamugesh , Veeraraghavan Balaji 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAim:  To study the anti‐tubercular drug resistance pattern among suspected cases of drug‐resistant TB.Materials and Methods:  First and second line drug susceptibility data were retrospectively analysed for all suspected cases of drug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB), presenting to the Pulmonary Medicine department of tertiary care hospital in South India from 2003 to 2007.Results and Discussion:  Out of 177 cases of suspected drug‐resistant TB, 103 (58.2%) cases were multi‐drug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB). Out of 75 cases of MDR‐TB for whom second‐line drug susceptibility test was performed, 45 (60.0%) cases met the criteria of extensively drug–resistant (XDR) TB, which is very high when compared with existing worldwide data on XDR‐TB (6.6% cases of MDR‐TB). In comparison with non‐MDR‐TB cases, MDR and XDR‐TB cases had a history of significantly higher duration of anti‐TB treatment (ATT) and significantly higher exposure to multiple ATT regimens. Past exposure to second‐line anti‐TB drugs was significantly high in XDR‐TB cases than in MDR‐TB and non MDR‐TB cases.Conclusion:  This study highlights the high burden of XDR‐ and MDR‐TB among TB patients coming to tertiary care hospitals in India.Please cite this paper as: James P, Gupta R, Christopher DJ, Thankagunam B and Veeraraghavan B. MDR and XDR‐TB among suspected drug resistant TB patients in a tertiary care hospital in India. Clin Respir J 2011; 5: 19–25.
The effect of inhaled salmeterol, alone and in combination with fluticasone propionate, on management of COPD patients
Authors: Mansori Fariba , Nemat Khorasani Anaiatolah , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein , Boskabady Morteza 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIntroduction:  Airway inflammation is a known pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We examined the effect of inhaled salmeterol, alone and in combination with fluticasone propionate, on the management of patients with COPD.Methods:  Forty male COPD patients were randomly divided into two groups; group 1 (n = 20) were treated with long‐acting ß2‐agonist, and group 2 (n = 20) with long‐acting ß2‐agonist and inhaled glucocoticoid each day for 3 months. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), were measured at the beginning, 1 and 2 months after treatment and at the end of the study. The frequency of using inhaled salbutamol/day and the 6‐min walk distance were also measured at four different visits. The frequency of exacerbation was also recorded during the 90‐day treatment period in the two groups.Results:  FEV1, FVC and PEF were significantly higher after 30 days of treatment with fluticasone propionate (mean change from baseline in group 2: 155 mL, 200 mL and 70 L/s, respectively; P < 0.001). Six‐minute walk distance also increased significantly (mean change from baseline: 160 m; P < 0.001), and there was a 70%–80% reduction in the use of inhaled salbutamol (P < 0.001). All improvements were maintained over the remainder of the study period. Exacerbations over the 90‐day treatment period were significantly fewer than in the same 90‐day period in the previous year (2.8 ± 0.7 vs 0.8 ± 0.9; P < 0.001). In contrast, only PEF increased significantly with treatment in group 1 (salmeterol treatment alone).Conclusions:  These results indicated that inhaled corticosteroids may be beneficial in some patients with COPD.Please cite this paper as: Mansori F, Nemat Khorasani A, Boskabady MH and Boskabady M. The effect of inhaled salmeterol, alone and in combination with fluticasone propionate, on management of COPD patients. Clin Respir J 2010; 4: 241–247.
Grossly visible prostatic tissue in an ovarian mature cystic teratoma: A case report
Authors: Kim Na Rae , Cho Hyun Yee , Chung Dong Hae , Lee Kwang Beom 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTWe report here the case a 30‐year‐old parous, phenotypically normal, reproductive woman. She presented with mature teratoma of the ovary, which contained well formed, grossly visible prostatic gland with a central urothelium‐lined duct resembling a urethra. Mature teratomas are characterized by the presence of tissues derived from the embryonic layers of ectoderm, mesoderm, or endodermal lineage. However, prostatic tissue is a very unusual component of teratomas. The rare existence of prostatic tissue in a mature teratoma can be explored through three feasible pathogenetic theories. These origins include teratomatous monodermal differentiation, developmental abnormality, or metaplasia. The coexistence of rare prostatic tissue with a rare central urethral duct in a mature teratoma makes this case a particularly intriguing one. To our knowledge, this is only the second case of ovarian mature teratoma containing a urethral duct in prostatic tissue in the literature.