bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the association between interleukin 18 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Iraqi population
Authors: Younus Alaa H. , Al-Faisal Abdul Hussein M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted for over a decade on the association between obesity, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The primary objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between levels of IL-18 and T2DM among different age groups. Ninety blood samples were collected from three groups: old diabetic patients, young diabetic patients and healthy control group. Thirteen blood samples for each group and both sexes had been enrolled in this research. The HbA1c test and interleukin 18 ELISA test were done for all these samples. The results were statistically analyzed by using: One-way ANOVA, Duncan multiple range comparison, chi-square, Pearson correlation test and ROC test. There were significant differences between patients and healthy groups regarding HbA1c and no significant differences between groups in IL18. The results of the ROC test confirmed that there wasn’t any significant relationship between IL18 and T2DM. In conclusion, our study indicates that the impact of IL-18 in the evolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not significant and it may not serve as a reliable predictor of T2DM.
Detection of pathogenic bacteria in the surgical rooms of Al-Ramady hospital using next generation sequencing
Authors: Al-Hashimi Omar A. , Omar Saeed Ibrahim , Abed Lateef Al Meani Safaa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study was aimed at applying the next generation sequence technique, to evaluate the microbial contamination of the General Al-Ramady Hospital and the diagnosis of dangerous types. Several surface swabs were taken from the surgical room devices and equipment used during the surgery period at the hospital. Hospital environment contributes chiefly to the emergence of Nosocomial infection, the most common and severe complications in the provision of health care to patients in the hospital, it has become necessary to specify and identify the causes of illness through alternative methods to traditional methods that waste time, money and effort.. The results showed contamination of hospital environment by several varieties of bacteria. They were pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria, in spite of the action of the Antiseptics used in sterilization. the most common of which were several types of Pseudomonas of 84.26% and Acinetobacter of 13.85%. The present of this pathogenic bacteria in hospital-related injuries, which are mean vital indicators of contamination in the hospital environment. Data suggest that it is possible to diagnose and identify the types of pathogenic, discover effective strategies for monitoring and controlling the hospital environment and providing the essential tools to avoid the spread of infection, particularly in the presence of the molecular technique.
Correlation between Interleukin-23, Autoantibodies and Thyroid Profile in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Ali Shareef Saja , Allami Risala H. , Al-ezzy Ruqaya M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune condition characterized by hypothyroidism and thyroid cell death by leukocytes and antibody-mediated immunological mechanisms. The current paper set out to assess a number of inflammatory and metabolic potential indicators of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Fifty-one patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis took part in the current investigation. Ages ranged from 20 to 75 for them. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent tests were used to quantify the anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg Ab), T4, T3, and TSH at the beginning and conclusion of the trial. The result showed a significant relationship between the gender according to HT patient’s and healthy groups which showed that female effected more than male and there was no effected according to the age between these groups, In HT patients with greater TSH concentrations compared to healthy individuals, serum FT3 and FT4 concentrations were lower while IL-23 concentrations were higher. TSH levels were positively correlated with IL-23 levels. As a result, IL-23 can be useful for detecting disease activity in HT patients. However, more thorough, extensive, longitudinal investigations are required to evaluate whether IL-23 can be used in therapeutic settings. Our results showed that thyroid profile, serum IL-23, and autoantibodies were strong indicators of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. To better understand these correlations and underlying pathogenic mechanisms, additional research is necessary.
Metalloprotease Genes Expression in Trichophyton mentagraphytes and Trichophyton simii Contains Genetic Variations Isolated from Iraqi Patients Resistance to Ketoconazole and Amphotericin B
Authors: Hilal Hashoosh Qadisiyah , Al-Aaraji Alaa Mohsin. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to use Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis, to discover the metalloprotease genes (MEP1-5) in Trichophyton menagraphytes and Trichophyton simii contained Genetic variations and determine their expression and association with the antifungal resistance of dermatophytes. Two species of dermatophytes (five isolates) were used in this study (diagnosed morphologically and molecularly by ITS region previously), which included the following types are (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton simii) of them contained variations of the percentage of conformity with the gene bank 99% and they were registered with the gene bank. The two species were tested for antifungal susceptibility by using the disk method. RNA was isolated from sample according to the protocol of TRIzol™ Reagent The genes used in this study were the metalloprotease gene (MEP1-5). The Livak method was used for determining gene expression. All the genes were amplified and normalized to 18S-Rrna as reference genes. All Trichophyton simii isolates contains the five genes MEP 1 to 5 but Trichophyton mentagrophytes one isolate contains five genes (MEP1-5) and others isolate contains four gene MEP 1 to 4. It has been found that Amphotericin B inhibits the MEP 4 and MEP 5 genes other than the MEP1,2,3 genes. The MEP2 and3 recorded the highest increase in gene expression after treatmentin in Trichophyton simii, while in Trichophyton mentagrophytes the MEP1 recorded the highest increase in gene expression after treatment fllowed by MEP2,3,4 respectively. It has been found that Amphotericin B, had a better effect to inhibit the genes of fungi of Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Trichophyton simii other than Ketoconazole, especially the MEP 5 followed by MEP 4.
The Etching Effect Methods in Registration Properties on CR-39 Nuclear Track Detector
Authors: Esraa Sh , Ahmed I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, we use three different etching techniques—water bath, microwaves, and hotplate stirrer devices—in an effort to confirm the optimal etching time and conditions for tracks in the CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detector following irradiation to an alpha particle source (241Am). The research shows that the water bath’s maximum track density is 57596 tracks/cm2, appearing at 90 and 150 minutes. On the other hand, the hotplate stirrer’s maximum track density is 28050 tracks/cm2, appearing at 90 and 150 minutes. The microwave is the best etching method since it generated the tracks (65076 tracks/cm2) in a relatively short amount of time (10 min). The computation of the etching parameters, which are the bulk etch rates (VB), track etch rate (VT) and track etch ratio (V), was investigate in the etching properties. The time for the appearance of all traces of the microwave device is at a time of 10 minutes, followed by a hotplate stirrer at a time of 90 minutes, then a water bath at a time of 120 minutes.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Impact of Probiotic-Enriched Orange and Pomegranate Juices on Some Health Parameters in Diarrhea-Induced Laboratory Rats
Authors: Alnuame Omer A. , Al-Hadidy Yasmeen I. , Ibrahem Abid Marwa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This research endeavor was undertaken to craft a functional beverage by blending orange and pomegranate juices, enriched with the inclusion of therapeutic probiotic strains, specifically Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus rhamanous. A comprehensive assessment was conducted to investigate the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of the resulting beverage. Furthermore, we explored the potential health benefits of this fortified beverage within a rat model afflicted with E. coli infection, focusing on its influence on blood parameters and lipid profiles in male rats. The research findings revealed the presence of four distinct bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Enterococcus gallinarum, in natural juices obtained from local markets in Tikrit. Regarding the physicochemical properties and bacterial counts in the manufactured juices, the results indicated a decline in pH levels and total sugar content over time, coupled with an increase in total acidity during refrigerated storage of functional juices. Additionally, the enumeration and viability of fortifying bacteria surpassed the prescribed probiotic threshold in the tested juice varieties. Sensory evaluation outcomes demonstrated the overall acceptability of the manufactured juices. The research findings demonstrated that E. coli-induced diarrhea led to a significant elevation (P<0.05) in key blood parameters, including white blood cell and platelet counts (12.63 and 747 mm^3/liter), along with a notable reduction in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentration (6.0 and 13.1 mm^3/liter, respectively). However, oral administration of functional juices resulted in a decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts and an increase in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentration across all measured parameters. Regarding lipid profiles, the diarrheal group exhibited elevated levels of detrimental lipid markers, including cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipids (73.59, 71.61, and 14.8, respectively), accompanied by reduced high-density lipoproteins concentration (31.5). Conversely, treatment with oral doses of functional juices led to a reduction in these adverse lipid indicators for all treatment groups.
Study the optimal conditions of Aeromonas and Vibrio species isolated from Cyprinus carpio of some farms in Babil, Iraq.
Authors: basim hameed Zaid , kadhim Emran Faiza , Al-Khalaf Alaa K. H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Four environmental bacterial isolates, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Aremonas soberia, Aremonas veronii, and Vibirio cholerae, were isolated from living Carp in some farms in Babylon, Iraq, and examined for their responses to temperature, pH, and incubation period under laboratory conditions in this study. In addition, bacterial growth under test conditions was measured to obtain important parameters related to bacterial growth, lag time (λ), specific growth rate (μm), and maximum biomass (A) for comparison. V. cholerae did show the lowest mean growth at different temperatures, but was adapted to a much wider environmental pH from 4 to 9 for growth, while A. hydrophila was more adaptable to pH and temperature changes, yielding the highest mean biomass at pH 8 and temperature 40 °C. A. sobria was surprisingly tolerant to different incubation periods and grew almost equally well under the conditions of other treatments. All four bacterial isolates showed a wide spectrum of plasticity to environmental conditions, and they pose a potential threat to public health and animal health.
Performance Analysis of 25kW p-Si Solar PV System
Authors: Mohammed Kalf Yahya , Atwan Ahmed F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In present research project, the performance of a 25 kW electro-optical solar system consisting of 68 polycrystalline silicon panels with three models 310 watts, 320 watts and 400 watts was analyzed. The solar system was installed on Al-Zawraa Company buildings (Ministry of Industry and Minerals, Baghdad). An evaluation of the performance of the on-grid solar system was carried out under the skies of Baghdad. This solar system is synchronized with the 0.4kV low voltage distribution sector and its annual performance is measured. During the observed period, the annual output energy was 20921 kWh. The rate of daily yield of array, final yield and reference yield were 2.34 kWh/kWh, 2.29 kWh/kWh, and 5.94 kWh/kWh, respectively. The results also indicated that the annually average daily total losses, array losses and losses of the system were 3.65 kWh/kW, 3.61 kWh/kWh, and 0.046 kWh/kWh, respectively, while the annual average efficiency of inverter, system and arrays was 98%, 6.45% and 6.56%, respectively. The annually average of capacity factor and performance ratio were 30.8% and 38.6%, respectively.
Radon, Thoron and Polonium Concentrations Estimated in Building Materials Samples Collected from Al-Shatra, Dhi-Qar, Iraq
Authors: Elewee Aqeel A. , Aswood Murtadha Sh. , Alnayli Raad Sh. , Alhous Shatha F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Radon, Thoron and their short-lived daughters have a high contribution to background radiation, as long-term exposure causes the risk of lung cancer. In current study, five types of building materials with a total 55 samples in Al-Shatra City, Dhi-Qar Governorate, Iraq collected to measure the radon and thoron concentration by using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detector. The results showed that the average radon concentrations in all samples were (103.53±55.94) Bqm−3, while the average thoron concentration was (53.20±44.69) Bqm−3. On the other hand, the annual effective dose of radon ranged between (0.85-6.46) msvy−1, with an average of 2.61msvy−1. While, for thoron concentration was ranged between (0.12-3.28) msvy−1, with an average of 1.49 msvy−1. The annual effective dose was found acceptable limit (3-10 msvy−1) recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). On the other side, the average Polonium concentrations (218Po, 214Po) have been found to be 2.053 KBqm−3, 0.866 KBqm−3, respectively.
Estimated concentration of Radon in Soil samples collected from Nasiriyah Governorate, Iraq, by using CR-39 detector
Authors: Zayed Khudhair Salam , Aswood Murtadha Sh. , Alhous Shatha F. , Showard Ansam F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, CR-39 detector was used to measure alpha particles emitted from radon gas in fifteen soil samples collected from Nasiriyah Governorate, Iraq. The results indicated that the concentration of radon gas varies from the highest concentration 122.40±19.11Bq m−3 in Bisan area and the lowest concentration of 69.71±17.90Bq m−3 in Hayyal - Muallimeen area, all values are less than the internationally recommended values 200-600 Bq m−3 mentioned by ICRP. Also, the calibration factor for the CR-39 detector was calculated and amounted to be 0.02 (tr.cm
2/Bq m
−3
d).
The effect of dust storms on air quality and public health in the city of Hillah
Authors: Deindee Abrar F. , Al-Fatlawi Suad M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dust storms, which have become frequent events, pose great risks to health and the environment. There are three factors responsible for generating them: strong winds, lack of rain, and lack of vegetation cover. AirQ+ software developed by the World Health Organization, was used to assess the health risks resulting from short-term exposure to PM2.5 measured using Continuous Particulate Monitor BAM-1020 for a period of two years from Jan 2021 to Jan 2023. The frequency and intensity of dust storms were recorded during the summer and spring of 2022, with high concentrations. The concentrations of the pollutant PM2.5 range during storm days (213.89 - 674.48 μg/m3), where short-term exposure causes an increase in the risk of respiratory illnesses and cardiovascular diseases. The most severe dust storms (674.48 μg/m3) caused a rise in the risk relative to 3.395 for respiratory diseases and 1.801 for cardiovascular disease. The great danger of dust storms is evident by comparing them with corresponding days for the year 2021, where the relative risk did not exceed 1.03for respiratory diseases and 1.01) for cardiovascular diseases. In general, air quality was classified using the concentrations obtained, where the concentrations of PM2.5 increased strongly, especially during the dry months, and the sand and dust storms that happened in 2022 caused the air quality to become dangerous by 2%, very unhealthy by 6%, and unhealthy by 8%. As for the other pollutants (SO2, NO2, and CO), they did not rise much beyond the allowable limit, and it has no direct relationship with dust storms, i.e. they did not increase with their increase. Several health and safety precautions and environmental control techniques can be used to lessen the effects of sand and dust storms. Although it is unreasonable to take action to stop or prevent widespread sand and dust storms from occurring, management measures can be taken to lessen their effects.
A Study of potassium adsorption in some soils north of Dhi-Qar province in Iraq
Authors: Bedeeh Riyadh S , Chlaib Hussein Kh , Fakhir Salwa J , Abd Athmar M 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo study the phenomenon of potassium adsorption to some soils in northern Dhi-Qar Governorate / southern Iraq with different characteristics, which included agricultural and non-agricultural sites such as Al-Shatrah, Al-Nasr, Al-Dawaya, Al-Rifai, Qalat Sukar, and Al-Fajr, 1 g of soil was taken and potassium was added to it at levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80). 100, 120, 140) mg L−1, prepared from potassium chloride KCl, and complete the volume to 50 ml with a solution of 0.01MCaCl2. The concepts of thermal symmetry of adsorption equations were tested (Langmuir, Freundlich). The results of the study showed that the adsorption equations succeeded in describing the adsorption of potassium by soil samples, but these equations differed in their efficiency depending on the soil properties of agricultural and non-agricultural sites. The Langmuir equation was the most efficient in describing the adsorption of potassium by soil samples of non-agricultural sites because it obtained the highest values of the coefficient of determination R2compared to the Freundlich equation. The results of the study also showed that the amount of potassium absorbed by the soil increased with the increase in the amount of potassium added to the balance solution, and the amount absorbed differed according to the characteristics of the soil and the sites studied. The values of the diffusion coefficient (Kd) decreased with an increase in the concentration of potassium added to the soil, and its value increased in the soil of non-agricultural sites compared to agricultural sites, where the value of (Kd) for the soil of non-agricultural sites ranged between (2.60 - 11.75) L kg−1and for agricultural sites between (2.70-11.25) L kg−1.
Studying some of the optimal conditionals for the best bacterial isolates from soil and its effects on their growth rates
Authors: Majeed Balasim Halah , Kadhim Emran Faiza , Ahmad Yaaqoob Laith 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The current study aimed to use some bacterial isolates from the local soil of Baghdad city by study the effects of temperature, pH and incubation period on the growth rates of isolated bacteria and choose the optimal conditions for their diversity and for understanding bacterial growth and their requirements for survival and proliferation. This information can be applied to obtain their high growth rate for use in various fields such as agriculture, medicine and environmental sciences in the future. And it used to assess the degree of variation in across bacteria species in pH, temperature and incubation period. A number of local bacterial isolates as Enterobacter cloacae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pantoea spp., Pseudomonas mendocina and Serratia fonticola identified in this study. The growth rate of the bacterial isolates was tested by growing each bacterial isolate in a different range of pH (4, 7 and 10) and under the influence of several temperatures (52, 35 and 50) and within different incubation periods (24, 48 and 72) hours The optimal conditions were determined by measuring the optical density (absorbance) at a wavelength of 600 nm, which represents bacterial growth. The optimal conditions for E. cloacae were determined to be a pH of 10 and a temperature of 35°C after a 72hour incubation period. Similarly, A. hydrophila exhibited optimal growth at a pH of 7 and a temperature of 35°C after a 72hour incubation period. Pantoea spp. demonstrated optimal growth at a pH of 7 and a temperature of 25°C after a 24hour incubation period. P. mendocina displayed optimal growth at a pH of 7 and a temperature of 25°C after a 72hour incubation period. Lastly, S. fonticola exhibited optimal growth at a pH of 7 and a temperature of 50°C after a 72hour incubation period.
Quantitative Soil Quality Assessment by Using Visual Soil-Field Assessment Tools (VS-FAST)
Authors: Al-hedny Suhad , Al-Shujairy Qassim A. T. , Manshood Mustafa A. , Fathullah Tabarek H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Unplanned land use reflects the changes from agricultural to urbanization and decreasing of green spaces in cities and agricultural lands surrounding cities. The Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Dry Bare - Soil Index (DBSI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) indices were derived to evaluate the rate of the land use/cover changes due to uncontrolled urban sprawl for the years 2001 and 2020. Field indicators were also used to assess soil properties’ degradation by using Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA) under the FAO Global Environment Facility (GEF) project. A set of 30 soil samples were randomly collected from two locations: unplanned built-up and vegetated sites in Babil Governorate, Iraq. The results showed that soil texture and salinity were the most varied indicators. The poorer areas (unplanned urban areas) were low and assessed as poor quality, while the vegetated site was assessed as moderate quality with high total score values. The findings from spectral indices show a significant rise in the built-up land use/cover category, expanding from 10.367 square kilometres in 2001 to 50.883 square kilometres in 2020. In contrast, the areas of bare-soils and vegetated decreased from 29.29 and 35.474 square kilometres in 2001 to 12.511 and 19.601 square kilometres in 2020, respectively. Various analytical techniques proved instrumental in distinguishing the different land use/cover categories in this research.