bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cyborg Astrobiologist: testing a novelty detection algorithm on two mobile exploration systems at Rivas Vaciamadrid in Spain and at the Mars Desert Research Station in Utah
Authors: McGuire P.C. , Gross C. , Wendt L. , Bonnici A. , Souza-Egipsy V. , Ormö J. , Díaz-Martínez E. , Foing B.H. , Bose R. , Walter S. , Oesker M. , Ontrup J. , Haschke R. , Ritter H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn previous work, a platform was developed for testing computer-vision algorithms for robotic planetary exploration. This platform consisted of a digital video camera connected to a wearable computer for real-time processing of images at geological and astrobiological field sites. The real-time processing included image segmentation and the generation of interest points based upon uncommonness in the segmentation maps. Also in previous work, this platform for testing computer-vision algorithms has been ported to a more ergonomic alternative platform, consisting of a phone camera connected via the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network to a remote-server computer. The wearable-computer platform has been tested at geological and astrobiological field sites in Spain (Rivas Vaciamadrid and Riba de Santiuste), and the phone camera has been tested at a geological field site in Malta. In this work, we (i) apply a Hopfield neural-network algorithm for novelty detection based upon colour, (ii) integrate a field-capable digital microscope on the wearable computer platform, (iii) test this novelty detection with the digital microscope at Rivas Vaciamadrid, (iv) develop a Bluetooth communication mode for the phone-camera platform, in order to allow access to a mobile processing computer at the field sites, and (v) test the novelty detection on the Bluetooth-enabled phone camera connected to a netbook computer at the Mars Desert Research Station in Utah. This systems engineering and field testing have together allowed us to develop a real-time computer-vision system that is capable, for example, of identifying lichens as novel within a series of images acquired in semi-arid desert environments. We acquired sequences of images of geologic outcrops in Utah and Spain consisting of various rock types and colours to test this algorithm. The algorithm robustly recognized previously observed units by their colour, while requiring only a single image or a few images to learn colours as familiar, demonstrating its fast learning capability.
Cochlear Implants: How “Team Work” Can Take the “Guess Work” Out of Patient Care
Authors: Lal Avanti , Simek Stacy , Still Jennifer , Weber Lisa 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The Children's Memorial Hospital cochlear implant team believes an interdisciplinary approach is essential for the implementation of best practices when working with the pediatric cochlear implant population. Over time, we have developed a team model that builds relationships with members of the community to ensure comprehensive care for patients and their families.
Where Are the Voices of Adolescents? An Examination of Adolescent Cochlear Implant Users' Socio-Emotional Development
Authors: Neria Christy M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The advancement of cochlear implant technology has led researchers to focus on its functionality, rather than the socio-emotional effects cochlear implants may have on young recipients. This paper will examine recent research on social-emotional development of cochlear implant recipients while discussing the importance of exploring the social emotional responses of adolescents with cochlear implants.
On oscillating flows in randomly heterogeneous porous media
Authors: Trefry M. G. , McLaughlin D. , Metcalfe G. , Lester D. , Ord A. , Regenauer-Lieb K. , Hobbs B. E. 
Published: November 2009

The emergence of structure in reactive geofluid systems is of current interest. In geofluid systems, the fluids are supported by a porous medium whose physical and chemical properties may vary in space and time, sometimes sharply, and which may also evolve in reaction with the local fluids. Geofluids may also experience pressure and temperature conditions within the porous medium that drive their momentum relations beyond the normal Darcy regime. Furthermore, natural geofluid systems may experience forcings that are periodic in nature, or at least episodic. The combination of transient forcing, near-critical fluid dynamics and heterogeneous porous media yields a rich array of emergent geofluid phenomena that are only now beginning to be understood. One of the barriers to forward analysis in these geofluid systems is the problem of data scarcity. It is most often the case that fluid properties are reasonably well known, but that data on porous medium properties are measured with much less precision and spatial density. It is common to seek to perform an estimation of the porous medium properties by an inverse approach, that is, by expressing porous medium properties in terms of observed fluid characteristics. In this paper, we move toward such an inversion for the case of a generalized geofluid momentum equation in the context of time-periodic boundary conditions. We show that the generalized momentum equation results in frequency-domain responses that are governed by a second-order equation which is amenable to numerical solution. A stochastic perturbation approach demonstrates that frequency-domain responses of the fluids migrating in heterogeneous domains have spatial spectral densities that can be expressed in terms of the spectral densities of porous media properties.
Forecasting: it is not about statistics, it is about dynamics
Authors: Judd Kevin , Stemler Thomas 
Published: November 2009

In 1963, the mathematician and meteorologist Edward Lorenz published a paper (Lorenz 1963
J. Atmos. Sci.
20
, 130–141) that changed the way scientists think about the prediction of geophysical systems, by introducing the ideas of chaos, attractors, sensitivity to initial conditions and the limitations to forecasting nonlinear systems. Three years earlier, the mathematician and engineer Rudolf Kalman had published a paper (Kalman 1960
Trans. ASME Ser. D, J. Basic Eng.
82
, 35–45) that changed the way engineers thought about prediction of electronic and mechanical systems. Ironically, in recent years, geophysicists have become increasingly interested in Kalman filters, whereas engineers have become increasingly interested in chaos. It is argued that more often than not the tracking and forecasting of nonlinear systems has more to do with the nonlinear dynamics that Lorenz considered than it has to do with statistics that Kalman considered. A position with which both Lorenz and Kalman would appear to agree.
The spatial and temporal patterning of the deep crust and implications for the process of melt extraction
Authors: Brown Michael 
Published: November 2009

Volumetrically significant melt production requires crustal temperatures above approximately 800°C. At the grain scale, the former presence of melt may be inferred based on various microstructures, particularly pseudomorphs of melt pores and grain-boundary melt films. In residual migmatites and granulites, evidence of melt-extraction pathways at outcrop scale is recorded by crystallized products of melt (leucosome) and residual material from which melt has drained (melanosome). These features form networks or arrays that potentially demonstrate the temporal and spatial relations between deformation and melting. As melt volume increases at sites of initial melting, the feedback between deformation and melting creates a dynamic rheological environment owing to localization and strain-rate weakening. With increasing temperature, melt volume increases to the melt connectivity transition, in the range of 2–7 vol% melt, at which point melt may escape in the first of several melt-loss events, where each event represents a batch of melt that left the source and ascended higher in the crust. Each contributing process has characteristic length and time scales, and it is the nonlinear interactions and feedback relations among them that give rise to the dissipative structures and episodicity of melt-extraction events that are recorded as variations in the spatial and temporal patterning of the crust. Focused melt flow occurs by dilatant shear failure of low-melt fraction rocks creating melt-flow networks that allow accumulation and storage of melt, and form the link for melt flow from grain boundaries to veins allowing drainage to crustal-scale ascent conduits. Preliminary indications suggest that anatectic systems are strongly self-organized from the bottom up, becoming more ordered by decreasing the number and increasing the width of ascent conduits from the anatectic zone through the overlying subsolidus crust to the ductile-to-brittle transition zone, where the melt accumulates in plutons.
Multipotent adult progenitor cell isolation and proliferation in cytokine and serum‐free medium conditioned by rat B104 cells
Authors: Rice Claire M. , Clavel Carlos , Mazo Manu , Prosper Felipe , Scolding Neil J. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryThis report describes the isolation of rodent multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) and proliferation of these cells in both standard medium and medium without exogenous serum or growth factors conditioned by the rat cell line B104. MAPCs have exacting requirements for their proliferation in vitro but once established proliferate rapidly at low seeding density, requiring almost daily passage and media exchange. Previously published methods for growth of MAPCs in vitro all used media supplemented with serum and growth factors, which adds considerable expense.
Birth defects in the sons and daughters of women who were exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES)
Authors: Titus‐Ernstoff L. , Troisi R. , Hatch E. E. , Palmer J. R. , Hyer M. , Kaufman R. , Adam E. , Noller K. , Hoover R. N. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryPrenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) is associated with adverse health outcomes, including anatomic anomalies of the reproductive tract in women and of the genitourinary tract in men. The mouse model, which replicates many DES‐related effects seen in humans, suggests that prenatal DES exposure causes alterations that may affect the next generation of offspring.We asked women participating in a large, multi‐centre study of prenatal DES exposure to report birth defects occurring among 4029 sons and 3808 daughters (i.e., the third generation). A subcohort of 793 third generation daughters was also queried for birth defects. We used logistic regression models to generate odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for the association between prenatal DES exposure in the mother and birth defects in the offspring.Based on the mothers’ reports, overall birth defects were elevated in the sons (OR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.23) and in the daughters (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.44, 3.82). Most estimates of association were imprecise, but daughters appeared to have an excess of heart conditions (OR = 4.56; 95% CI = 1.27, 16.34).Our data suggest a possible association between the mother’s prenatal DES exposure and birth defects in their offspring, particularly in daughters. We cannot, however, rule‐out the possible influence of reporting bias. In particular, the exposed daughters’ elevated risk of cardiac defects may be as a result of the underreporting of these conditions by unexposed mothers.
Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and ovarian response among women undergoing IVF
Authors: Mok‐Lin E. , Ehrlich S. , Williams P. L. , Petrozza J. , Wright D. L. , Calafat A. M. , Ye X. , Hauser R. 
Published: November 2009

SummaryBisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical used in the manufacture of materials present in many common consumer products. In experimental animals, BPA caused oocyte aneuploidy and reduced production of oestradiol. In a prospective cohort study, we investigated the association between urinary BPA concentrations and ovarian response among women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Fertility Center. The geometric mean of two specific‐gravity (SG) adjusted urinary BPA concentrations collected during each IVF cycle was used as the cycle‐specific BPA exposure level. BPA concentrations were measured using online solid phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Peak serum oestradiol was measured using the Elecsys Estradiol II immunoassay kit. Multivariable mixed effect models and Poisson regression models adjusting for correlation between multiple IVF cycles in the same woman were used to evaluate the association between urinary BPA concentrations and ovarian response, adjusting for age, BMI and day 3 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, a clinical measure of ovarian reserve. Urinary BPA concentrations were measured in 84 women (mean age 35.6 years) undergoing 112 IVF cycles; 23 women (27%) contributed more than one IVF cycle. BPA concentrations ranged from <0.4 to 25.5 μg/L (geometric mean 2.52 ± SD 3.2); 15% of urine samples had concentrations <0.4 μg/L. Peak serum oestradiol levels correlated with the total number of oocytes retrieved per cycle (r = 0.65, p < 0.001). For each log unit increase in SG‐BPA, there was an average decrease of 12% (95% CI: 4, 23%; p = 0.007) in the number of oocytes retrieved and an average decrease of 213 pg/ml (95% CI: −407, −20; p = 0.03) in peak oestradiol. BPA was detected in the urine of the majority of women undergoing IVF, and was inversely associated with number of oocytes retrieved and peak oestradiol levels.
Micro‐adaptivity: protecting immersion in didactically adaptive digital educational games
Authors: Kickmeier‐Rust M.D. , Albert D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe idea of utilizing the rich potential of today's computer games for educational purposes excites educators, scientists and technicians. Despite the significant hype over digital game‐based learning, the genre is currently at an early stage. One of the most significant challenges for research and development in this area is establishing intelligent mechanisms to support and guide the learner, and to realize a subtle balance between learning and gaming, and between challenge and ability on an individual basis. In contrast to traditional approaches of adaptive and intelligent tutoring, the key advantage of games is their immersive and motivational potential. Because of this, the psycho‐pedagogical and didactic measures must not compromise gaming experience, immersion and flow. In the present paper, we introduce the concept of micro‐adaptivity, an approach that enables an educational game to intelligently monitor and interpret the learner's behaviour in the game's virtual world in a non‐invasive manner. On this basis, micro‐adaptivity enables interventions, support, guidance or feedback in a meaningful, personalized way that is embedded in the game's flow. The presented approach was developed in the context of the European Enhanced Learning Experience and Knowledge TRAnsfer project. This project also realized a prototype game, demonstrating the capabilities, strengths and weaknesses of micro‐adaptivity.
How to determine the susceptibility of Meligethes aeneus to neonicotinoids?
Authors: Thieme T. , Gloyna K. , Drbal U. , Zellner M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree different bioassays were used to determine the susceptibility to the neonicotinoid Biscaya® of oilseed rape pollen beetles collected from fields in Bavaria. The one in which the test substance was applied to the inner wall of glass tubes is recommended for future studies on pollen beetles because it is not dependent on the availability of plant material and provides precise information on the amount of insecticide required per unit area.
Insecticidal activities of essential oil of Callistemon viminalis applied as fumigant and powder against two bruchids
Authors: Ndomo A. F. , Tapondjou L. A. , Ngamo L. T. , Hance T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe fumigant and contact toxicity of essential oil (EO) extracted from the leaves of Callistemon viminalis and its aromatized clay powder (ACP) was evaluated against adults of Acanthoscelides obtectus and Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The results obtained for fumigation assays showed that C. maculatus seems to be more susceptible (LC50 = 0.019 μl/cm3) to the vapours of the essential oil than A. obtectus (LC50 = 0.011 μl/cm3) after 12 h exposure. On the other hand, A. obtectus seems to be more susceptible (LD50 = 0.133 μl/g) to the essential oil applied by contact on grains than C. maculatus (LD50 = 0.170 μl/g) after 2 days exposure. The ACP was also very toxic towards the adults of A. obtectus (LD50 = 0.100 μl/g) and C. maculatus (LD50 = 0.098 μl/g) by contact on grains. At the doses of 0.133 μl/g and 0.266 μl/g, mortalities caused by ACP on grains were higher than those caused by the same dose of EO against the two bruchids. It is also established that both the EO and the ACP caused higher inhibition of F1 progeny production of A. obtectus than that of C. maculatus. The loss of insecticidal activity of the two materials in the course of time has been observed; however, the toxicity of the ACP was more persistent than that of the oil in the course of time when applied on grains. These results suggest that EO from the leaves of C. viminalis can be used as fumigant agent against A. obtectus and C. maculatus. In addition, it could be advisable to use an adsorbent mineral material as carrier of this EO for the prolongation of its insecticidal activity in the course of time.
Haemolymph defence of an invasive herbivore: its breadth of effectiveness against predators
Authors: Lundgren J. G. , Toepfer S. , Haye T. , Kuhlmann U. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDefensive characteristics of organisms affect the trophic linkages within food webs and influence the ability of invasive species to expand their range. Diabrotica v. virgifera is one such invasive herbivore whose predator community is restricted by a larval haemolymph defence. The effectiveness of this haemolymph defence against a range of predator functional and taxonomic guilds from the recipient biota was evaluated in a series of experiments. Eight predator species (Carabidae, Lycosidae, Formicidae) were fed D. v. virgifera 3rd instars or equivalent‐sized maggots in the laboratory, and the mean times spent eating, cleaning their mouthparts, resting and walking following attacks on each prey were compared. Prey species were restrained in five Hungarian maize fields for 1 h periods beginning at 09:00 and 22:00 hours. The proportion of each species attacked and the number and identity of predators consuming each prey item were recorded. All predators spent less time eating D. v. virgifera larvae than maggots in the laboratory, and four of the eight predator species spent more time cleaning their mouthparts. The differential responses in the predator species indicate differences in susceptibility to the D. v. virgifera haemolymph defence. The predator communities (numerically dominated by Tetramorium caespitum) in the field showed clear diel patterns in their foraging behaviour, and D. v. virgifera was consumed by fewer predators than maggots. The defence of D. v. virgifera may partly explain how invasive insects that are exposed to an extensive predator community overcome biotic resistance to the invasion process.
Comparison of sampling tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) by four different potential attractants
Authors: Krčmar S. , Mikuška A. , Radolić V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSynthetic and natural attractants in traps are used in many parts of the world to attract female tabanids. Certain attractants in different geographic regions may be ineffective or effective under different environmental conditions for horseflies. One‐octen‐3‐ol, as a compound present in bovine emanations, has a behavioural effect on many horsefly species and together with other phenolic compounds makes very effective attractant for this group of insects. As the attractiveness of the mixture of three chemicals (1‐octen‐3‐ol, acetone and ammonia solution in the proportions 5 : 3 : 2), aged donkey urine, lactic acid and fresh human urine is not yet known, it was studied in Eastern Croatia. The combination of those three chemicals and efficiency of natural attractants offers promising results.Tabanuswas the most represented genus with 83% of the total collected tabanids. The chi‐squared analyses of the trapping data for canopy traps revealed that each of the attractants (mixture of three chemicals, aged donkey urine, lactic acid and fresh human urine) significantly increased the number of collected horseflies in comparison to those collected in unbaited canopy traps. Some species differences in relative response to different attractants were noted. Significantly, more specimens ofHaematopota pluvialiswere collected from canopy traps baited with the mixture of three chemicals when compared with traps baited with other attractants. Canopy traps baited with aged donkey urine collected significantly moreAtylotus loewianusfemales than did traps baited with the mixture. The F‐test analysis of the trapping data for the genusTabanusshowed that there is significant difference between average number of collected specimens between mixture of three chemicals and other used attractants (lactic acid and human urine) except aged donkey urine. Finally, traps baited with the mixture of three chemicals (1‐octen‐3‐ol, acetone and ammonia solution) collected 14.5 times more tabanids than unbaited traps, whereas aged donkey urine, lactic acid, and fresh human urine‐baited traps collected 12, 3.9 and 2.5 times as many tabanids, respectively, than did unbaited traps. The mixture of three chemicals (1‐octen‐3‐ol, acetone and ammonia solution) and aged donkey urine appear to be very effective attractants for tabanids.
THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Periurethral injection of autologous adipose‐derived stem cells for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: Report of two initial cases
Authors: Yamamoto Tokunori , Gotoh Momokazu , Hattori Ryohei , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Kamei Yuzuru , Iwaguro Hideki , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Funahashi Yasuhito 
Published: November 2009

Objectives:  To report a novel cell therapy using autologous adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (ADSC) for stress urinary incontinence caused by urethral sphincteric deficiency and the outcomes in two initial cases undergoing periurethral injection of stem cells for the treatment of urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.Methods:  Two patients with moderate stress incontinence after radical prostatectomy were enrolled. After liposuction of 250 mL of adipose tissue from the abdomen, we isolated ADSC from this tissue by using the Celution system. Subsequently, the isolated ADSC and a mixture of stem cells and adipose tissue were transurethrally injected into the rhabdosphincter and submucosal space of the urethra, respectively. Short‐term outcomes during a 12‐week follow‐up were assessed by a 24‐h pad test, a validated patient questionnaire, urethral pressure profile, transrectal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging.Results:  Urinary incontinence progressively improved after 2 weeks of injection up to 12 weeks in terms of decreased leakage volume in a 24‐h pad test, decreased frequency and amount of incontinence, and improved quality of life as per the questionnaire. In urethral pressure profile, both maximum urethral closing pressure and functional profile length increased. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging showed sustained presence of the injected adipose tissue. Enhanced ultrasonography showed a progressive increase in the blood flow to the injected area. No significant adverse events were observed peri‐ and postoperatively.Conclusion:  This preliminary study showed that periurethral injection of the autologous ADSC is a safe and feasible treatment modality for stress urinary incontinence.