bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Trends in Visit Rates and Antibiotic Prescribing for Children With Acute Sinusitis
Authors: Shapiro Daniel J. , Gonzales Ralph , Cabana Michael D. , Hersh Adam L. 
Published: December 2010

OBJECTIVE:The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine contributed to a substantial decrease in the number of ambulatory visits attributable to acute otitis media (AOM) and amoxicillin use for AOM increased after publication of American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines regarding AOM. Our objective was to determine whether similar trends occurred for children with acute sinusitis.METHODS:We analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1998–2007), which are nationally representative surveys of office and emergency department visits. For children younger than 18 years with diagnosed acute sinusitis (N = 538), we examined time trends in visit rates and antibiotic prescribing. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with narrow-spectrum antibiotic prescribing.RESULTS:Between 1998 and 2007, the annual visit rate for acute sinusitis remained stable, ranging from 11 to 14 visits per 1000 children (P = .67). No change occurred in the proportion of visits with receipt of an antibiotic (82%; P = .71); however, the proportion with receipt of amoxicillin increased from 19% to 58% during the study period (P &lt; .01). Prescriptions for broader-spectrum agents, especially macrolides (18% overall), remained common.CONCLUSIONS:Unlike the visit rate for AOM, the visit rate for acute sinusitis among children did not decrease after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Although prescriptions for amoxicillin increased in accordance with the guidelines, reducing unnecessary prescriptions for macrolides remains an important target for campaigns promoting judicious antibiotic use.
Bone Densitometry in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Bachrach Laura K. , Sills Irene N. ,   The Section on Endocrinology
Published: December 2010

This Clinical Report was revised. See https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2398.
Concern for bone fragility in children and adolescents has led to increased interest in bone densitometry. Pediatric patients with genetic and acquired chronic diseases, immobility, and inadequate nutrition may fail to achieve the expected gains in bone size, mass, and strength, which leaves them vulnerable to fracture. In older adults, bone densitometry has been shown to predict fracture risk and reflect response to therapy. The role of densitometry in the management of children at risk of bone fragility is less certain. This clinical report summarizes the current knowledge about bone densitometry in the pediatric population, including indications for its use, interpretation of results, and its risks and costs. This report emphasizes consensus statements generated at the 2007 Pediatric Position Development Conference of the International Society of Clinical Densitometry by an international panel of bone experts. Some of these recommendations are evidence-based, and others reflect expert opinion, because the available data are inadequate. The statements from this and other expert panels have provided general guidance to the pediatrician, but decisions about ordering and interpreting bone densitometry still require clinical judgment. Ongoing studies will help to better define the indications and best methods for assessing bone strength in children and the clinical factors that contribute to fracture risk.
Evaluation of Resistance of Corrugated Sheets under Bending by a Concentrated Loads from the Local Suspensions / Ocena Nosnosci Granicznej Blach Fałdowych Zginanych Siła Skupiona Od Lokalnych Podwieszen
Authors: Biegus A. , Czepizak D. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Th This paper presents a simple method of evaluating the load resistance and stiffness of corrugated sheets locally loaded with suspended technical fixtures. As a part of this research, parametric numerical analyses of corrugated sheets of different span, and with differently located concentrated forces, were carried out. Stress distributions in the individual folds in the elastic range and in the ultimate limit state were identified. On their basis, equivalent concentrated load factors for the individual folds in the sheet were determined. The load factors enable analyses of the load resistance and stiffness of corrugated sheets loaded with concentrated forces, which can be helpful in design practice
Permeability of Sand-Clay Mixtures
Authors: Kacprzak G. , Boutin C. , Doanh T. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This study deals with the behavior of composite blends constituted of rigid and impervious grains included in saturated clay paste of kaolin, considered as permeable and deformable. Permeability tests performed during standard oedometr tests (before each load step) highlight the key role of the original and actual state of the clay paste, and show the existence of a threshold of sand grain concentration above which a structuring effect influences its permeability. In the light of these experiments some usual homogenization methods (with simplifying assumptions to make the problem manageable) are considered in order to model the mixture permeability. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons with experimental data point out their respective domain of interest and limitations of such approaches
Fractal Dimension for the Characterization of the Porosity of Asphalt Concretes
Authors: Leonardi G. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
In the design of asphalt mixtures for paving, the choice of components has a remarkable importance, as requirements of quality and durability must be assured in use, guaranteeing adequate standards of safety and comfort.
In this paper, an approach of analysis on the aggregate materials using fractal geometry is proposed. Following an analytical and an experimental approach, it was possible to find a correlation between characteristics of the asphalt concrete (specific gravity and porosity) and the fractal dimension of the aggregate mixtures.
The studies revealed that this approach allows to draw the optimal fractal dimension and, consequently, it can be used to choose an appropriate aggregate gradation for the specific application; once the appropriate initial physical parameters are finalized.
This fractal approach could be employed for predicting the porosity of mixed asphalt concretes, given as input the fractal characteristics of the aggregate mixtures of the concrete materials
Simple Prequalification Models
Authors: Plebankiewicz E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe selection of a contractor is one of the most important among decisions made by the owner of a construction. The application of the prequalification procedure enables the selection of the most competent tenderers. Various mathematical models are helpful in carrying out prequalification procedure. In the paper, some selected mathematical models are briefly characterized and model based on the theory of fuzzy sets is offered. The applied model takes into consideration the owner’s various objectives, as well as different evaluation criteria. The results of the sensitivity analysis of the model are also presented. Part of a computer software applying an earlier presented prequalification mathematical model is described
GSTP1 Ile105Val Polymorphism in Serbian Patients with Pancreatic Diseases
Authors: Nikolić Aleksandra , Stanković Marija , Nišević Ivan , Lukić Snežana , Anđelić-Jelić Marina , Popović Dragan , Radojković Dragica 
Published: December 2010

GSTP1 Ile105Val Polymorphism in Serbian Patients with Pancreatic DiseasesThe aim of the current preliminary case-control study was to identify glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) Ile105Val allele and genotype frequency and to evaluate its impact on susceptibility to pancreatic diseases in a Serbian population. This study has encompassed 157 patients with three major types of chronic pancreatic pathology: 47 with pancreatic cancer, 50 with chronic pancreatitis and 60 with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as 107 healthy individuals. The presence of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism was analyzed using a PCR-RFLP method. Allele 105Val was less frequent in patients with pancreatic cancer (24.5%) and chronic pancreatitis (24.0%) and slightly more frequent in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (31.7%) in comparison to healthy individuals (29.9%), but the differences were not statistically significant. Distribution of Ile105Val polymorphism genotypes differed between the analyzed groups, but differences were also not statistically significant. There are only a few studies regarding the role of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism in pancreatic diseases and their results are inconsistent. The significance of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism for pancreatic pathology remains unclear and further studies are needed in order to elucidate its role in pancreatic diseases.
First Ray Mobility Increase in Patients With Metatarsalgia
Authors: Greisberg Justin , Prince Daniel , Sperber Lisa 
Published: December 2010

Background: The significance and measurement of first metatarsal hypermobility has been difficult to quantify in relation to transfer metatarsalgia. We evaluated the hypothesis that dynamic elevation of the first metatarsal relative to the second metatarsal could be measured with a simple device and would be associated with transfer metatarsalgia. We also assessed intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the simple device. Materials and Methods: A series of 352 patients were prospectively measured for dynamic metatarsal elevation: 64 patients with transfer metatarsalgia and 288 patients without symptoms. Results: Those with metatarsalgia symptoms had significantly greater first ray mobility (9 mm versus 7 mm; p < 0.0002) and metatarsal elevation (5 mm versus 3 mm; p < 0.0002) than patients without symptoms. Conclusion: In this prospective series, the device was reliable for measuring dynamic first metatarsal elevation at different time points with different examiners. Patients with metatarsalgia had higher dynamic metatarsal elevation compared to patients without metatarsalgia, suggesting a mechanism by which load can be transferred from the first to lesser metatarsals. Level of Evidence: III, Case Control Series
Total Ankle Arthroplasty Outcome Comparison for Post-Traumatic and Primary Osteoarthritis
Authors: Bai Long-Bin , Lee Keun-Bae , Song Eun Kyoo , Yoon Taek Rim , Seon Jong Keun 
Published: December 2010

Background: Mobile-bearing total ankle arthroplasty designs have achieved good clinical results for the treatment of ankle osteoarthritis. However, no direct comparison of the outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty has been made between posttraumatic and primary osteoarthritis. The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty in patients with posttraumatic and primary osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: The HINTEGRA total ankle arthroplasty was carried out in 65 patients (67 ankles) with symptomatic ankle osteoarthritis. Group A included 37 patients (37 ankles) with post-traumatic osteoarthritis, whereas Group B included 28 patients (30 ankles) with primary osteoarthritis. Patients were assessed clinically and radiographically at a mean followup of 38 months. Results: No significant differences were found between the two study groups in terms of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scales, range of motion, or radiographic values at final followup ( p > 0.05). The incidence of complications (38% in Group A, 27% in Group B) and additional procedures (54% in Group A, 27% in Group B) was significantly higher in Group A ( p = 0.014 for complications, p = 0.013 for additional procedures). One ankle was revised in Group A for a deep infection. Conclusion: The clinical and radiographic outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty for post-traumatic and primary osteoarthritis were comparable, although the incidence of complications after total ankle arthroplasty was higher in the post-traumatic osteoarthritis group. More preceding or concomitant surgeries were required in order to make the posttraumatic cases suitable for total ankle arthroplasty. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Comparative Series
Surgical Management and Treatment Algorithm for the Subtle Cavovarus Foot
Authors: Maskill Michael P. , Maskill John D. , Pomeroy Gregory C. 
Published: December 2010

Background: Subtle cavovarus foot is a condition that can lead to significant foot pain and disability. We review the results of our treatment algorithm at medium-term followup. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five consecutive patients with lateral based symptoms due to an underlying congenital subtle cavovarus foot type were surgically corrected. Various procedures were utilized, including some combination of the following: lateral displacement calcaneus osteotomy, peroneus longus to brevis transfer, dorsiflexion first metatarsal osteotomy, and Achilles tendon lengthening. Twenty-three patients, with 29 feet, returned for followup examination. The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 43.4 years, and the mean followup to date was 4.4 years. Results: The mean AOFAS ankle hind-foot score preoperatively was 45, and postoperatively was 90. Radiographically, the medial cuneiform to floor height changed from 3.5 cm preoperatively to 3.0 cm postoperatively. The talo-first metatarsal angle improved 7.5 degrees postoperatively. There were no nonunions. No patients to date have gone on to fusions or revisions. Ten feet (34%) required hardware removal. All patients had resolution of their symptoms following hardware removal. Conclusion: The surgical management for the subtle cavovarus foot based on the proposed treatment algorithm provided symptomatic relief, longstanding correction, and high patient satisfaction. Level of Evidence: III, Case Control Study
Why Should Governmentality Matter for the Study of Pastoral Development?
Authors: Morton John 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
This article explores some of the ways in which analyses based around Foucault's concept of 'governmentality' might cast light on the ways in which pastoralists in Africa are and might be governed, given the persistence of poor policy, poor governance and hostile attitudes towards pastoralism by central and local government officials. Key concepts in the Foucauldian approach are briefly outlined: power (productive, multiple and bound up with knowledge), government ('the conduct of conduct') and governmentality (modes of thinking about government in general but also certain modes specific to the development of Western liberalism). Five reasons for using the approach in the study of pastoral development are identified: a commitment to specificity and contingency; an attention to multiple actors; an attention to diverse 'technologies of rule'; a focus on the interconnections of power, knowledge and discourse; and a record of studying marginalized groups. The argument is illustrated with examples drawn mainly from East Africa. Possible objections to a Foucauldian approach are discussed, and key questions for pastoralist research using the governmentality approach are set out.
Intrasubject Repeatability of Internal Aberrometry Obtained With a New Integrated Aberrometer
Authors: Piñero David P. , Juan Javier Tomás , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: December 2010

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the intrasubject repeatability of the internal aberrometry obtained with a new integrated aberrometer in a sample of normal eyes to assess its clinical usefulness.

METHODS:

Twenty-six healthy eyes of 26 participants, aged 20 to 50 years, were included in the study. All eyes achieved corrected distance visual acuity of 1.0 (Snellen decimal notation) and did not undergo previous ocular surgeries. Three consecutive measurements of internal aberrations were obtained with the KR-1W system (Topcon Corp) by an experienced examiner. Intrasubject repeatability for 4- and 6-mm pupils was evaluated by the within-subject standard deviation (S
w
) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

RESULTS:

Low values of S
w
and values of ICC close to 1 were found for the 4-mm pupil astigmatism and for several aberrometric coefficients: primary spherical aberration and higher order, third order, and trefoil root-mean-square (RMS). Significant correlations of the S
w
for the 4-mm pupil higher order aberrations RMS with the magnitude of different aberrometric coefficients were found (r≥0.611,
P
<.01). In addition, tetrafoil RMS for 4-mm pupils correlated significantly with the S
w
for some higher order errors (r≥0.675,
P
<.01). Significantly larger values of S
w
for 6-mm pupils were found for trefoil (
P
<.01) and secondary astigmatism RMS (
P
=.02).

CONCLUSIONS:
The KR-1W provided repeatable measurements of internal astigmatism and some higher order aberrations, although consistency of such measurements appears to be limited by the level of aberration.
Synergistic Effects of Ultraviolet A/Riboflavin and Glucose on Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking
Authors: Xia Yu , Tao Chen , Zhou Chuanqing , Ren Qiushi 
Published: December 2010

Purpose:
To investigate the possible synergistic effect of ultraviolet A (UVA)/riboflavin and glucose on corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) by means of the mechanical properties and thermal shrinkage temperatures.

Methods:
Forty rabbits were divided into four groups: control group; UVA/glucose group; UVA/riboflavin group; and UVA/riboflavin/glucose group. After the treatments, the mechanical properties and thermal shrinkage temperatures of the corneal strips were analyzed to determine the CXL effects of corneal collagen induced by different treatments.

Results:
Compared with the control group and other experimental groups, the UVA/riboflavin/glucose group showed significant alterations of the biomechanical properties. The ultimate stress value for the UVA/riboflavin/glucose group was increased by 120%, ultimate strain decreased by 80%, and Young’s modulus increased by 70% relative to the control group. An increase in ultimate stress by 24.5%, a decrease in ultimate strain by 34%, and an increase in Young’s modulus by 17.4% were found in the UVA/riboflavin/glucose group compared to the UVA/riboflavin group. A significant increase in thermal shrinkage temperatures was also noted after corneal collagen CXL induced by UVA/riboflavin/glucose relative to other groups.

Conclusions:
The combination of glucose and UVA/riboflavin may synergistically induce corneal collagen CXL, resulting in increased mechanical strength of corneal collagen.
Got the picture? Image, image schemata, imaginative reason
Authors: Lapaire Jean-Rémi 
Published: December 2010

La sémantique cognitive pratiquée par George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, Mark Turner, Eve Sweetser et Gilles Fauconnier propose un certain nombre d’outils pour rendre compte des mécanismes psychiques par lesquels le sens se construit. À partir du support visuel fourni par un dessin humoristique (« Nearer to the altar »), nous nous attachons à définir les notions de transfert conceptuel et d’espace mental. Une attention particulière est accordée au phénomène de blending (imbrication/superposition de deux espaces distincts) ainsi qu’à la structure imaginaire et narrative du savoir humain.
Comprehensive genetic analysis of OEIS complex reveals no evidence for a recurrent microdeletion or duplication
Authors: Vlangos Christopher N. , Siuniak Amanda , Ackley Todd , van Bokhoven Hans , Veltman Joris , Iyer Ram , Park John M. , Keppler‐Noreuil Kim , Keegan Catherine E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOmphalocele–exstrophy of the bladder‐imperforate anus‐spinal defects (OEIS) complex, or cloacal exstrophy (EC), is a rare constellation of malformations in humans involving the urogenital, gastrointestinal, and skeletal systems, and less commonly the central nervous system. Although OEIS complex is well‐recognized in the clinical setting, there remains a significant lack of understanding of this condition at both the developmental and the genetic level. While most cases are sporadic, familial cases have been reported, suggesting that one or more specific genes may play a significant role in this condition. Several developmental mechanisms have been proposed to explain the etiology of OEIS complex, and it is generally considered to be a defect early in caudal mesoderm development and ventral body wall closure. The goal of this study was to identify genetic aberrations in 13 patients with OEIS/EC using a combination of candidate gene analysis and microarray studies. Analysis of 14 candidate genes in combination with either high resolution SNP or oligonucleotide microarray did not reveal any disease‐causing mutations, although novel variants were identified in five patients. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive genetic analysis of patients with OEIS complex to date. We conclude that OEIS is a complex disorder from an etiological perspective, likely involving a combination of genetic and environmental predispositions. Based on our data, OEIS complex is unlikely to be caused by a recurrent chromosomal aberration. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
20p11 deletion in a female child with panhypopituitarism, cleft lip and palate, dysmorphic facial features, global developmental delay and seizure disorder
Authors: Williams P.G. , Wetherbee J.J. , Rosenfeld J.A. , Hersh J.H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDeletions of 20p are rare with the majority of reported cases involving individuals with 20p12 deletions associated with Alagille syndrome. We report on a child with a de novo mosaic 20p11 deletion who presents with panhypopituitarism; hypoplastic pituitary gland and ectopic posterior pituitary gland on MRI of the brain; cleft lip and palate; kyphosis with anterior beaking of L1 and L2 vertebral bodies; pulmonic stenosis; dysmorphic facial features including flat nasal bridge, hypoplastic premaxilla, hypotelorism, preauricular pit, and cupped ears; seizure disorder; variable muscle tone; and global developmental delay. Array comparative genomic hybridization revealed this deletion to be approximately 5.4 Mb in size, containing 35 genes. Previously, an infant with 20p11.22 deletion who had panhypopituitarism, craniofacial, and genital abnormalities was reported, but the precise parameters of that deletion are unavailable. Several other reported cases of 20p11 deletions also have phenotypic overlap with our case. The similarities in clinical features of these patients suggest that the genes at 20p11 have a critical role in development of midline brain structures. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pregnancy as a proclamation of faith: Ultra‐Orthodox Jewish women navigating the uncertainty of pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Teman Elly , Ivry Tsipy , Bernhardt Barbara A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractResearch has suggested that religion and spirituality may inform individuals' interpretation of and responses to uncertainty during pregnancy including the possibility of genetic disorders. In this study, 25 qualitative interviews were undertaken with ultra‐Orthodox [Haredi] Jewish women about their experiences with uncertainties related to pregnancy, prenatal care, and prenatal diagnosis. We found that women draw upon a particular set of faith‐based concepts to cope with the uncertainties of pregnancy and to make decisions regarding prenatal testing. The women draw on the religious concepts of faith and certainty, which are based on trusting that God will not test them beyond what they can withstand. When prenatal screening indicates a possible fetal anomaly or when a disabled child is born, these women interpret the situation as a God‐sent ordeal in which they are called upon to prove their trust and certainty in God's plan and to resist the uncertainties generated by the probability‐based technologies. This research has implications for genetic service providers when discussing prenatal testing and fetal anomalies with Haredi women. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.