bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear wave elastography of the breast‐histopathological comparisons
Authors: Clements Natalie N. , Doherty Colin S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to compare shear wave elastography (SWE) of benign and malignant breast lesions, evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of previously suggested thresholds for identifying malignant breast lesions, and compare SWE measures across histopathological type and grade.MethodsThis single‐centre study included 303 patients, and 405 solid breast lesions were biopsied and evaluated by mammography, which may have included contrast‐enhanced mammography, conventional B‐mode ultrasound, and SWE. Following this, elastography mean (Emean), maximum (Emax), and ratio (Eratio) variables were calculated for elasticity in kilopascals (kPa) and speed in metres per second (m/s).ResultsMalignant (n = 113) samples were significantly higher than benign (n = 267) across all SWE variables [median (interquartile range)]; Emean (kPa) [132.8 (34), vs. 41.9 (53.6), p < .001], Emean (m/s) [6.9 (1), vs. 3.7 (2.2), p < .001]. The highest combined sensitivity and specificity were for Emax (97%, 73%) at >80 kPa, and Emean (96%, 76%) at >5.2 m/s. Histopathological grade 3 (kPa), Emean [145.8 (22.5), p = .012], Emax [147.8 (19.4), p = .009], and Eratio [11.7 (6.6), p = .006] were significantly higher than grades 1 [129.2 (37.3), 133.2 (35.9), 7.53 (4.7)] and 2 [127.3 (36.4), 133.3 (34.2), 8.3 (6.1)].ConclusionBreast elastography is a sensitive complementary technique that can distinguish between malignant and benign lesions and help characterise histological profile and grade.
Model updating of a shear‐wall tall building using various vibration monitoring data: Accuracy and robustness
Authors: Shan Jiazeng , Zhuang Changhao , Chao Xi , Loong Cheng Ning 
Published: April 2024

SummaryAcceleration measurements are often used for model updating of civil engineering structures, especially in the case of seismic monitoring. It is yet unclear if accelerations alone would generate an accurate and robust finite‐element (FE) model. This study examines this notion and analyzes the possibility of using other vibration monitoring data for model updating of shear‐wall tall buildings. This study compares the accuracy and robustness of the FE models being optimized via accelerations, roof displacement, wall rotations, interstory drift ratios, and the linear combination of these measurements. A numerical case study is analyzed using Timoshenko beams for modeling the lateral vibration of a benchmark 42‐story building under seismic excitations. Results show that the acceleration response of the examined building is mostly governed by its higher vibration modes. Depending on the characteristics of ground motions, using accelerations alone may generate an FE model biased towards higher‐order modes without effectively capturing the lower‐order modes. For instance, the first modal frequency of the updated FE model could be 12.0% lower than the true value, and the reconstructed displacement and rotation responses are noticeably inaccurate. Employing multi‐source monitoring data for model updating, for example, the combinations of roof displacement and acceleration measurements, could reduce the normalized root‐mean‐square errors in displacements by more than 70%. This study also quantifies the robustness of the FE model under various measurement noise levels and 50 pairs of earthquake records. Finally, the effects of multi‐source data on FE model updating are validated via experiments on a 7‐story shear wall building. Analysis reveals that a more accurate and robust FE model can be determined via a combination of accelerations and top displacement than via acceleration alone.
The preparation of supervisors through collaborative supervision: A narrative account
Authors: de Oliveira Luciana C. , Jones Loren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTeacher educators are typically involved in preparing preservice teachers (PSTs) in initial programs through teaching courses and supervising practicum experiences, including the culminating student teaching practicum. Using self‐study of teacher education practices (S‐STEPs) during supervision, the authors describe a scaffolded process of learning to supervise teacher candidates and engage in reflections about their experiences working collaboratively. This narrative account by a more experienced supervisor and a new supervisor uses samples of feedback to teacher candidates to demonstrate a collaborative process based on multimodal observational field notes, which included sample discourse from the classroom to exemplify interactions, teaching activities, and photographs of classroom activities. Both researchers participated in joint meetings with (1) PSTs to discuss feedback, (2) mentor teachers to discuss progress of PSTs, and (3) all PSTs to discuss themes that emerged from observations and assessments, something unique to this collaboration. The authors discuss how their collaboration led to curriculum changes to a TESOL methods, curriculum, and assessment course influenced by observations in the field. The article concludes with implications and recommendations for other teacher educators interested in collaborative supervision.
Financial literacy induced financial well‐being in Ghana: Does financial inclusion mediate?
Authors: Nutassey Victoria Abena , Frimpong Siaw , Agyei Samuel Kwaku , Amoako Doris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe investigated the mediating role of financial inclusion in the relationship between financial literacy and financial well‐being in Ghana. Using PLS‐SEM, we found that financial inclusion indeed mediates financial literacy and financial well‐being in Ghana. We also documented a positive and significant relationship between Ghanaians' financial literacy and financial well‐being. Again, financial literacy has a direct positive effect on financial inclusion. Hence, to enhance the impact of financial literacy on financial well‐being in Ghana, policymakers should grant financial institutions enough freedom to offer a variety of financial services; financial institutions that have lost credibility in Ghana (such as insurance companies) should be put in check to build the trust of Ghanaians in them; and the cost of using a mobile phone and internet services to access financial services in Ghana should be reduced. The management of financial institutions can utilize the freedom offered to them by policymakers to offer various financial services to the public, build trust in customers, and offer lower‐cost services to help improve the financial well‐being of Ghanaians.
Luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin inhibit lipotoxicity–induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy damage in macrophages by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Lo Chia‐Wen , Lii Chong‐Kuei , Lin Kuan‐Shuan , Li Chien‐Chun , Liu Kai‐Li , Yang Ya‐Chen , Chen Haw‐Wen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLipotoxicity leads to numerous metabolic disorders such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin are three flavones with known antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, but whether they inhibit lipotoxicity‐mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation was unclear. To address this question, we used J774A.1 macrophages and Kupffer cells stimulated with 100 μM palmitate (PA) in the presence or absence of 20 μM of each flavone. PA increased p‐PERK, p‐IRE1α, p‐JNK1/2, CHOP, and TXNIP as well as p62 and LC3‐II expression and induced autophagic flux damage. Caspase‐1 activation and IL‐1β release were also noted after 24 h of exposure to PA. In the presence of the PERK inhibitor GSK2656157, PA‐induced CHOP and TXNIP expression and caspase‐1 activation were mitigated. Compared with PA treatment alone, Bcl‐2 coupled to beclin‐1 was elevated and autophagy was reversed by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. With luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin treatment, PA‐induced ROS production, ER stress, TXNIP expression, autophagic flux damage, and apoptosis were ameliorated. Moreover, TXNIP binding to NLRP3 and IL‐1β release in response to LPS/PA challenge were reduced. These results suggest that luteolin, apigenin, and chrysin protect hepatic macrophages against PA‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy damage by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Bibliometric analysis on conducting polymer sensors for ammonia gas detection using Scopus database
Authors: Baharin Siti Nor Atika , Mohd Zain Zainiharyati , Zolekafeli Zulhatiqah , Mehmood Shahid , Sambasevam Kavirajaa Pandian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConducting polymers (CPs)‐based sensing materials have emerged as a prominent option for the sensitive detection of gaseous ammonia (NH3) due to their cost‐effectiveness, ease of production, and increased sensing performance. Although more than 1400 articles published in the past decades, no bibliometric analysis which can highlight the publication trend and research clusters within the scope of conducting polymer‐based sensors for ammonia detection (CPAD) is available in the literature. The aim of this bibliometric analysis is to document the research trends of CPAD during the last 27 years, since the inception of the first report on conducting polymer as potential NH3 gas sensor which has been published in 1994. The bibliometric analysis was carried out using VOSviewer and Publish or Perish software to analyze keywords trend, the impact of the scientific community, publishing trends among the authors, institutions, and countries. The review discovered that over 80% of the relevant papers produced after 1994, based on bibliographical examination of 1476 Scopus‐indexed articles. Citation analysis was used to identify key authors and articles that shaped the evolution of this literature. Overall, this bibliometric approach allows us to analyze the evolution of a CPAD field while also offering insights on the field's growing areas.
Synthesis, characterization and biological studies of novel copper(II) and Ni(II) complexes and triphenylphosphine
Authors: Elaaraj Ibtissam , Bouymajane Aziz , Raouan Safae Er , Nakkabi Asmae , Oulidi Oumayma , Filali Fouzia Rhazi , Cacciola Francesco , Moualij Noureddine El , Fahim Mohammed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFour new complexes of transition metals CuL2, Ni2L2(μ‐Cl)2,Cu2(LH) 2P(Ph)3(H2O)(μ‐Cl)2, [Ni(LH)P(Ph)3Cl2(H2O)]H2O, based on the ligand [2‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)phenol] (L) were synthesized and characterized by FTIR, NMR (1H,13C,31P), ESI‐MS and UV–visible spectroscopy. Spectral data show that the CuL2 complex has a distorted square geometry, octahedral for the Cu2(LH)2P(Ph)3(H2O)(μ‐Cl)2 [Ni(LH)P(Ph)3Cl2(H2O)]H2O complexes and tetrahedral for the Ni2L2(μ‐Cl)2 complex. Remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial activity against four strains for the complexes and ligand L was investigated. Cytotoxicity study was made on the germination of Lepidium sativum seeds, and on the behavior of erythrocytes and leukocyte nuclei. All synthesized products showed no hemolytic and genotoxic effects on erythrocytes and leukocyte nuclei, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that the synthesized ligand and its complexes tested are safe to human blood cells, and they might be used as active agents for pre‐clinical trials.
Efficient synthesis and characterization of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐8‐carboxamide derivatives: A promising scaffold for drug development
Authors: Bhatt Keval , Patel Dhara , Rathod Mrudangsinh , Patel Ashish , Shah Drashti 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine, a pivotal fused heterocycle with widespread applications in medicinal chemistry, serves as a foundational scaffold for numerous pharmaceutical compounds. This present approach introduces a highly efficient multi‐step synthetic methodology for imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐8‐carboxamide derivatives through a condensation reaction between 2‐aminonicotinic acid and chloroacetaldehyde in an environmentally friendly ethanol solvent followed by acid‐amine coupling reaction with a substituted amine. This coupling reaction employs an HATU catalyst and DIPEA strong base and affords excellent yields (93%–97%). A total of ten derivatives have been developed and elucidated by spectral methods, including FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectrometry. In summary, this synthetic strategy possesses favorable attributes for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine‐8‐carboxamide derivatives, such as good purity, readily available starting substrates, wide substrate applicability with simple scale‐up and convenient workup procedure. These characteristics render it a promising method for advanced refinement and prospective utilization in synthesizing crucial therapeutic agents.
A facile route to synthesize β‐Ga2O3 nanoparticles from γ‐polymorph through a rapid microwave route and their optical properties
Authors: Nazir Sadaf , Masood Saima , Shivashankar Srinivasrao A. , Sheikh Faheem A. , Majeed Shafquat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to the wide bandgap, monoclinic structure and thermodynamic stability, β‐polymorph form of Ga2O3 nanomaterials is well‐received for various applications. However, as the γ‐Ga2O3 is difficult to synthesize, less attention has been paid towards it and its conversion to β‐polymorph. This paper reports the single‐step synthesis of γ‐Ga2O3 using a microwave‐assisted procedure. In this regard, γ‐Ga2O3 powders are synthesized in minutes using benzyl alcohol as the solvent using gallium acetylacetone as the precursor. The XRD of the as‐prepared powders indicates the formation of the γ‐Ga2O3 phase, the very broad peaks indicative of the small crystallite size as confirmed by TEM. The γ‐Ga2O3 powders were annealed at different temperatures and the complete phase conversion of γ‐Ga2O3 phase to β‐Ga2O3 phase happens at 700 °C. The TEM analysis shows the crystallite size to be ≈10 nm for the annealed β‐Ga2O3 phase. The as‐prepared nanopowders show very weak luminescence under excitation and in contrast, a blue‐green emission is observed in case of annealed powders. This confirms the presented strategy as having the potential to use β‐Ga2O3 nanopowders for different optoelectronic applications.
Comparing cognition across major transitions using the hierarchy of formal automata
Authors: Klein Colin , Barron Andrew B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe evolution of cognition can be understood in terms of a few major transitions—changes in the computational architecture of nervous systems that changed what cognitive capacities could be evolved by downstream lineages. We demonstrate how the idea of a major cognitive transition can be modeled in terms of where a system's effective computational architecture falls on the well‐studied hierarchy of formal automata (HFA). We then use recent work connecting artificial neural networks to the HFA, which provides a way to make the structure‐architecture link in natural systems. We conclude with reflections on the power and the challenges of traditional thinking when applied to neural architectures.This article is categorized under:
Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Psychology > Comparative
Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Carrollian Amplitudes from Strings
Authors: Stieberger Stephan , Taylor Tomasz R. , Zhu Bin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Carrollian holography is supposed to describe gravity in four-dimensional asymptotically flat space-time by the three-dimensional Carrollian CFT living at null infinity. We transform superstring scattering amplitudes into the correlation functions of primary fields of Carrollian CFT depending on the three-dimensional coordinates of the celestial sphere and a retarded time coordinate. The power series in the inverse string tension is converted to a whole tower of both UV and IR finite descendants of the underlying field-theoretical Carrollian amplitude. We focus on four-point amplitudes involving gauge bosons and gravitons in type I open superstring theory and in closed heterotic superstring theory at the tree-level. We also discuss the limit of infinite retarded time coordinates, where the string world-sheet becomes celestial.
On the Existence and Partial Stability of Standing Waves for a Nematic Liquid Crystal Director Field Equations
Authors: Amorim Paulo , Casteras Jean-Baptiste , Dias João-Paulo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, following the studies in Amorim et al. (Partial Differ Equ Appl 4, 36, 2023), we consider some new aspects of the motion of the director field of a nematic liquid crystal submitted to a magnetic field and to a laser beam. In particular, we study the existence and partial orbital stability of special standing waves, in the spirit of Cazenave and Lions (Commun Math Phys 85:549–561, 1982) and Hadj Selem et al. (Milan J Math 82:273–295, 2014) and we present some numerical simulations.
Maßnahmen zur Hitze- und Starkregenvorsorge in Kitas und Pflegeeinrichtungen: Eine Evaluation von Risikowahrnehmung, Kommunikation und Informationsmaterialien
Authors: Heidenreich Anna , Deppermann Lara-Heléne , Thieken Annegret H. , Otto Antje 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel
Hitze und Starkregen können negative Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit von Menschen auch in Deutschland haben. Insbesondere vulnerable Gruppen wie Kinder und Ältere sind einem erhöhten Risiko ausgesetzt und bedürfen der besonderen Vorsorge. Diese Arbeit untersucht, wie Gefahren durch Hitze und Starkregen in der kommunalen Verwaltung und bei Trägern von Kindertagesstätten und Pflegeeinrichtungen wahrgenommen werden und inwiefern hierzu ein Austausch zwischen kommunaler Ebene und Einrichtungen stattfindet. Eigens entwickelte Informationsmaterialien mit Handlungsempfehlungen zur Anpassung an Hitze und Starkregen, die sich an Einrichtungen richten, werden evaluiert.

Methoden
Im Sommer 2021 fand eine quantitative Befragung von insgesamt 333 Teilnehmenden aus Stadtverwaltungen, Trägern und Einrichtungen (Kindertagesstätten und Pflegeeinrichtungen) statt. Zur statistischen Auswertung wurden deskriptive Analysen und Varianzanalysen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Die Risikowahrnehmung und auch das Handlungswissen bzgl. Hitze fielen höher als hinsichtlich Starkregen aus. Die Handlungsabsicht, Einrichtungen Unterstützung zur Anpassung aufzuzeigen, war bzgl. Hitze ebenfalls größer. Die Mehrheit der Befragten aus Stadtverwaltungen und von Trägern stand mit Einrichtungen über verschiedene Wege im Austausch und kommunizierte u. a. über die genannten Naturgefahren. Das Informationsmaterial wurde mehrheitlich positiv bewertet.

Diskussion
Die Einrichtungen werden in Hinblick auf Hitze als stark betroffen angesehen. Die Sensibilisierung hinsichtlich Starkregens bedarf stärkerer Förderung. Die Rückmeldungen zu dem Informationsmaterial machen einen hohen Bedarf in diesem Bereich deutlich.
Solving systems of algebraic equations over finite commutative rings and applications
Authors: Kamche Hermann Tchatchiem , Kalachi Hervé Talé 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral problems in algebraic geometry and coding theory over finite rings are modeled by systems of algebraic equations. Among these problems, we have the rank decoding problem, which is used in the construction of public-key cryptosystems. A finite chain ring is a finite ring admitting exactly one maximal ideal and every ideal being generated by one element. In 2004, Nechaev and Mikhailov proposed two methods for solving systems of polynomial equations over finite chain rings. These methods used solutions over the residue field to construct all solutions step by step. However, for some types of algebraic equations, one simply needs partial solutions. In this paper, we combine two existing approaches to show how Gröbner bases over finite chain rings can be used to solve systems of algebraic equations over finite commutative rings. Then, we use skew polynomials and Plücker coordinates to show that some algebraic approaches used to solve the rank decoding problem and the MinRank problem over finite fields can be extended to finite principal ideal rings.
Extrapolation of cytotoxic masked effects in planar in vitro assays
Authors: Rosenberger Timothy , Bell Anna Maria , Reifferscheid Georg , Smith Kilian E. C. , Schäffer Andreas , Ternes Thomas A. , Buchinger Sebastian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe masking of specific effects in in vitro assays by cytotoxicity is a commonly known phenomenon. This may result in a partial or complete loss of effect signals. For common in vitro assays, approaches for identifying and quantifying cytotoxic masking are partly available. However, a quantification of cytotoxicity-affected signals is not possible. As an alternative, planar bioassays that combine high-performance thin layer chromatography with in vitro assays, such as the planar yeast estrogen screen (p-YES), might allow for a quantification of cytotoxically affected signals. Affected signals form a typical ring structure with a supressed or completely lacking centre that results in a double peak chromatogram. This study investigates whether these double peaks can be used for fitting a peak function to extrapolate the theoretical, unaffected signals. The precision of the modelling was evaluated for four individual peak functions, using 42 ideal, undistorted peaks from estrogenic model compounds in the p-YES. Modelled ED50-values from bisphenol A (BPA) experiments with cytotoxically disturbed signals were 13 times higher than for the apparent data without compensation for cytotoxicity (320 ± 63 ng versus 24 ± 17 ng). This finding has a high relevance for the modelling of mixture effects according to concentration addition that requires unaffected, complete dose–response relationships. Finally, we applied the approach to results of a p-YES assay on leachate samples of an elastomer material used in water engineering. In summary, the fitting approach enables the quantitative evaluation of cytotoxically affected signals in planar in vitro assays and also has applications for other fields of chemical analysis like distorted chromatography signals.
Graphical abstract