bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological abnormalities of the morphometric similarity network of the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia
Authors: Joo Sung Woo , Jo Young Tak , Choi Woohyeok , Kim Sun Min , Yoo So Young , Joe Soohyun , Lee Jungsun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA morphometric similarity (MS) network can be constructed using multiple magnetic resonance imaging parameters of each cortical region. An MS network can be used to assess the similarity between cortical regions. Although MS networks can detect microstructural alterations and capture connections between histologically similar cortical areas, the influence of schizophrenia on the topological characteristics of MS networks remains unclear. We obtained T1- and diffusion-weighted images of 239 healthy controls and 190 individuals with schizophrenia to construct the MS network. Group comparisons of the mean MS of the cortical regions and subnetworks were performed. The strengths of the connections between the cortical regions and the global and nodal network indices were compared between the groups. Clinical associations with the network indices were tested using Spearman’s rho. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with schizophrenia had significant group differences in the mean MS of several cortical regions and subnetworks. Individuals with schizophrenia had both superior and inferior strengths of connections between cortical regions compared with those of healthy controls. We observed regional abnormalities of the MS network in individuals with schizophrenia regarding lower centrality values of the pars opercularis, superior frontal, and superior temporal areas. Specific nodal network measures of the right pars opercularis and left superior temporal areas were associated with illness duration in individuals with schizophrenia. We identified regional abnormalities of the MS network in schizophrenia with the left superior temporal area possibly being a key region in topological organization and cortical connections.
Personalized brain circuit scores identify clinically distinct biotypes in depression and anxiety
Authors: Tozzi Leonardo , Zhang Xue , Pines Adam , Olmsted Alisa M. , Zhai Emily S. , Anene Esther T. , Chesnut Megan , Holt-Gosselin Bailey , Chang Sarah , Stetz Patrick C. , Ramirez Carolina A. , Hack Laura M. , Korgaonkar Mayuresh S. , Wintermark Max , Gotlib Ian H. , Ma Jun , Williams Leanne M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is an urgent need to derive quantitative measures based on coherent neurobiological dysfunctions or ‘biotypes’ to enable stratification of patients with depression and anxiety. We used task-free and task-evoked data from a standardized functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol conducted across multiple studies in patients with depression and anxiety when treatment free (n = 801) and after randomization to pharmacotherapy or behavioral therapy (n = 250). From these patients, we derived personalized and interpretable scores of brain circuit dysfunction grounded in a theoretical taxonomy. Participants were subdivided into six biotypes defined by distinct profiles of intrinsic task-free functional connectivity within the default mode, salience and frontoparietal attention circuits, and of activation and connectivity within frontal and subcortical regions elicited by emotional and cognitive tasks. The six biotypes showed consistency with our theoretical taxonomy and were distinguished by symptoms, behavioral performance on general and emotional cognitive computerized tests, and response to pharmacotherapy as well as behavioral therapy. Our results provide a new, theory-driven, clinically validated and interpretable quantitative method to parse the biological heterogeneity of depression and anxiety. Thus, they represent a promising approach to advance precision clinical care in psychiatry.
Quantifying DNA replication speeds in single cells by scEdU-seq
Authors: van den Berg Jeroen , van Batenburg Vincent , Geisenberger Christoph , Tjeerdsma Rinskje B. , de Jaime-Soguero Anchel , Acebrón Sergio P. , van Vugt Marcel A. T. M. , van Oudenaarden Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn a human cell, thousands of replication forks simultaneously coordinate duplication of the entire genome. The rate at which this process occurs might depend on the epigenetic state of the genome and vary between, or even within, cell types. To accurately measure DNA replication speeds, we developed single-cell 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine sequencing to detect nascent replicated DNA. We observed that the DNA replication speed is not constant but increases during S phase of the cell cycle. Using genetic and pharmacological perturbations we were able to alter this acceleration of replication and conclude that DNA damage inflicted by the process of transcription limits the speed of replication during early S phase. In late S phase, during which less-transcribed regions replicate, replication accelerates and approaches its maximum speed.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi
Authors: Deng Jun , Zhang Lin , Zhang Hui , Wang Xubo , Huang Xiaolei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, a polyphagous pest, poses a significant threat to the global citrus industry. The hermaphroditic self-fertilization observed in I. purchasi is an exceptionally rare reproductive mode among insects. In this study, we successfully assembled a chromosome-level genome sequence for I. purchasi using PacBio long-reads and the Hi-C technique, resulting in a total size of 1,103.38 Mb and a contig N50 of 12.81 Mb. The genome comprises 14,046 predicted protein-coding genes, with 462,722,633 bp occurrence of repetitive sequences. BUSCO analysis revealed a completeness score of 93.20%. The genome sequence of I. purchasi serves as a crucial resource for comprehending the reproductive modes in insects, with particular emphasis on hermaphroditic self-fertilization.
Insecticidal activity of Thymus pallescens de Noë and Cymbogon citratus essential oils against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Moutassem Dahou , Boubellouta Tahar , Bellik Yuva , Rouis Zyed , Kucher Dmitry E. , Utkina Aleksandra O. , Kucher Olga D. , Mironova Olga A. , Kavhiza Nyasha J. , Rebouh Nazih Y. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe thrust of the study was to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted from Thymus pallescens de Noé and Cymbogon citratus Stapf. as well as to evaluate their efficacy in controlling Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in either single or combined populations. Carvacrol (56.04%) and geraniol (20.86%) were identified as the major constituents of T. pallescens and C. citratus respectively. The tested essential oils showed pronounced insecticidal activity against the pest species in relation with the applied doses. T. pallescens EO had the highest efficacy and S. zeamais was found to be more susceptible to both individual and combined treatments. With reference to the contact and fumigation assessments, T. pallescens EO effectuated corrected mortality rates ranging from 42.5–100% to 25–100% in S. zeamais with corresponding lethal concentration (LC50) values of 17.7 µl/ml and 15µL/L air respectively. Whereas, the T. pallescens EO exhibited corrected mortality rates of 42.5–100% and 20–100% with corresponding LC50 values of 18.1 µl/ml and 15.5 µL/L air against T. castaneum in contact and fumigation assessments, respectively. The corrected mortality rates increased for both insect species when using combination treatments, with significant increases in the LC50 values, ranging from 8.59 to 49.9% for both pest species. Analysis of energy biomarkers in the treated insects indicate significantly increased protein and carbohydrate contents and decreased lipids levels. The study therefore demonstrated the bio-insecticidal toxicity of the EOs from T. pallescens and C. citratus against two important maize post-harvest pests, concurrently revealing significant positive and negative insecticidal activity gradients in relation to single or combined populations.
Spatial prioritization of dugong habitats in India can contribute towards achieving the 30 × 30 global biodiversity target
Authors: Seal Sohom , Bayyana Sharad , Pande Anant , Ghanekar Chinmaya , Hatkar Prachi Sachchidanand , Pathan Sameeha , Patel Shivani , Rajpurkar Sagar , Prajapati Sumit , Gole Swapnali , Iyer Sweta , Nair Aditi , Prabakaran Nehru , Sivakumar Kuppusamy , Johnson Jeyaraj Antony 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndian coastal waters are critical for dugong populations in the western Indian Ocean. Systematic spatial planning of dugong habitats can help to achieve biodiversity conservation and area-based protection targets in the region. In this study, we employed environmental niche modelling to predict suitable dugong habitats and identify influencing factors along its entire distribution range in Indian waters. We examined data on fishing pressures collected through systematic interview surveys, citizen-science data, and field surveys to demarcate dugong habitats with varying risks. Seagrass presence was the primary factor in determining dugong habitat suitability across the study sites. Other variables such as depth, bathymetric slope, and Euclidean distance from the shore were significant factors, particularly in predicting seasonal suitability. Predicted suitable habitats showed a remarkable shift from pre-monsoon in Palk Bay to post-monsoon in the Gulf of Mannar, indicating the potential of seasonal dugong movement. The entire coastline along the Palk Bay-Gulf of Mannar region was observed to be at high to moderate risk, including the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, a high-risk area. The Andaman Islands exhibited high suitability during pre- and post-monsoon season, whereas the Nicobar Islands were highly suitable for monsoon season. Risk assessment of modelled suitable areas revealed that < 15% of high-risk areas across Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, fall within the existing protected areas. A few offshore reef islands are identified under high-risk zones in the Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat. We highlight the utility of citizen science and secondary data in performing large-scale spatial ecological analysis. Overall, identifying synoptic scale ‘Critical Dugong Habitats’ has positive implications for the country's progress towards achieving the global 30 × 30 target through systematic conservation planning.
Natural tristability of a confined helical filament with anisotropic bending rigidities
Authors: Zhou Zicong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We find that when

$$c_0 R\sim 0.5$$

c
0

R
∼
0.5

and

$$\tau _0R<0.11<c_0R$$

τ
0

R
<
0.11
<

c
0

R

, confining a helical filament with anisotropic bending rigidities within a cylindrical tube of radius R can create a natural tristable status which is consisted of two low-pitch helices and one high-pitch helix, where a helical filament is referred to as a filament that has both an intrinsic curvature (

$$c_0$$

c
0

) and an intrinsic twist rate (

$$\tau _0$$

τ
0

). The formation of the tristable status also requires that the filament has a significant difference between two bending rigidities and a large twisting rigidity. The relative heights of two low-pitch helices in a tristable status are close to zero, and the smaller the intrinsic twisting angle, the smaller the difference between these two heights. Moreover, at a large intrinsic twisting angle, two low-pitch helices display a large energy difference, and the energy difference increases with decreasing

$$\tau _0$$

τ
0

. Meanwhile, the relative height of the high-pitch helix is always close to that of a straight line. Finally, at some specific intrinsic parameters, the tristable status can include an isoenergic status with two helices of the same energy but distinct pitches.
Enhancing PEM fuel cell efficiency with flying squirrel search optimization and Cuckoo Search MPPT techniques in dynamically operating environments
Authors: Bouguerra Assala , Badoud Abd Essalam , Mekhilef Saad , Kanouni Badreddine , Bajaj Mohit , Zaitsev Ievgen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study looks into how to make proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells work more efficiently in environments that change over time using new Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods. We evaluate the efficacy of Flying Squirrel Search Optimization (FSSO) and Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithms in adapting to varying conditions, including fluctuations in pressure and temperature. Through meticulous simulations and analyses, the study explores the collaborative integration of these techniques with boost converters to enhance reliability and productivity. It was found that FSSO consistently works better than CS, achieving an average increase of 12.5% in power extraction from PEM fuel cells in a variety of operational situations. Additionally, FSSO exhibits superior adaptability and convergence speed, achieving the maximum power point (MPP) 25% faster than CS. These findings underscore the substantial potential of FSSO as a robust and efficient MPPT method for optimizing PEM fuel cell systems. The study contributes quantitative insights into advancing green energy solutions and suggests avenues for future exploration of hybrid optimization methods.
Naturally sterile Mus spretus hybrids are suitable for the generation of pseudopregnant embryo transfer recipients
Authors: Preece Chris , Biggs Daniel , Grencis Edward , Jackson Maj Simonsen , Allen Sue , Fray Martin , Adamson Antony , Davies Benjamin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor the preparation of embryo transfer recipients, surgically vasectomized mice are commonly used, generated by procedures associated with pain and discomfort. Sterile transgenic strains provide a nonsurgical replacement, but their maintenance requires breeding and genotyping procedures. We have previously reported the use of naturally sterile STUSB6F1 hybrids for the production of embryo transfer recipients and found the behavior of these recipients to be indistinguishable from those generated by vasectomized males. The method provides two substantial 3R impacts: refinement (when compared with surgical vasectomy) and reduction in breeding procedures (compared with sterile transgenic lines). Despite initial promise, the 3Rs impact of this innovation was limited by difficulties in breeding the parental STUS/Fore strain, which precluded the wider distribution of the sterile hybrid. The value of a 3R initiative is only as good as the uptake in the community. Here we, thus, select a different naturally sterile hybrid, generated from strains that are widely available: the B6SPRTF1 hybrid between C57BL/6J and Mus spretus. We first confirmed its sterility by sperm counting and testes weight and then trialed the recovery of cryopreserved embryos and germplasm within three UK facilities. Distribution of sperm for the generation of these hybrids by in vitro fertilization was found to be the most robust distribution method and avoided the need to maintain a live M. spretus colony. We then tested the suitability of B6SPRTF1 sterile hybrids for the generation of embryo transfer recipients at these same three UK facilities and found the hybrids to be suitable when compared with surgical vasectomized mice and a sterile transgenic strain. In conclusion, the potential 3Rs impact of this method was confirmed by the ease of distribution and the utility of sterile B6SPRTF1 hybrids at independent production facilities.
Characterizing culture’s influence in land systems
Authors: Hodel Leonie , le Polain de Waroux Yann , Garrett Rachael D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGroup-shared attributes, coded in cultural systems, heavily influence how land is used. Despite recent advances in behavioural theory, the central role of culture in land-use decision-making and linked sustainability outcomes is underexplored. We expanded on institutional analysis and system-dynamics frameworks to analyse 66 studies that causally link culture to land use. We found that most studies focus on norms, practices, values or meanings. These can lead actors to maintain a particular land use, which is coded into cultural systems, adding to the land system’s resilience. Internal group events or changes in structural factors can also lead to shifting norms and values, changing land use or destabilizing systems, leading to new system dynamics or resistance to new feedbacks. Our findings further link cultural underpinnings of land systems to positive and negative sustainability outcomes. We call for further research on the role of culture in land-system dynamics.
Tumor suppressor Par-4 activates autophagy-dependent ferroptosis
Authors: Subburayan Karthikeyan , Thayyullathil Faisal , Pallichankandy Siraj , Cheratta Anees Rahman , Alakkal Ameer , Sultana Mehar , Drou Nizar , Arshad Muhammad , Palanikumar L. , Magzoub Mazin , Rangnekar Vivek M. , Galadari Sehamuddin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is a unique iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by devastating lipid peroxidation. Whilst growing evidence suggests that ferroptosis is a type of autophagy-dependent cell death, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating ferroptosis are largely unknown. In this study, through an unbiased RNA-sequencing screening, we demonstrate the activation of a multi-faceted tumor-suppressor protein Par-4/PAWR during ferroptosis. Functional studies reveal that genetic depletion of Par-4 effectively blocks ferroptosis, whereas Par-4 overexpression sensitizes cells to undergo ferroptosis. More importantly, we have determined that Par-4-triggered ferroptosis is mechanistically driven by the autophagic machinery. Upregulation of Par-4 promotes activation of ferritinophagy (autophagic degradation of ferritin) via the nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4), resulting in excessive release of free labile iron and, hence, enhanced lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Inhibition of Par-4 dramatically suppresses the NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy signaling axis. Our results also establish that Par-4 activation positively correlates with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is critical for ferritinophagy-mediated ferroptosis. Furthermore, Par-4 knockdown effectively blocked ferroptosis-mediated tumor suppression in the mouse xenograft models. Collectively, these findings reveal that Par-4 has a crucial role in ferroptosis, which could be further exploited for cancer therapy.
Abnormal apparent supershear rupture with discontinuous jumping propagation during the 2023 Türkiye M7.8 earthquake
Authors: Lee Shiann-Jong , Liu Ting-Yu , Lin Tzu-Chi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarthquake ruptures along a single fault or along a connected system of faults are generally assumed to progress continuously. However, our analysis of the 2023 M7.8 Türkiye earthquake, using finite-fault joint source inversion, uncovered the occurrence of discontinuous rupture jumps. The main fault area adjacent to the splay fault where the earthquake started, and the deeper portion of the northeastern main fault segment exhibited triggered slip before the main rupture front arrived. Through seismic centroid analysis and finite-fault inversion, we estimated apparent rupture speeds within these slip patches reach approximately 6.0 km s-1, exceeding local S-wave velocity. The dynamic triggering mechanism induced the jumping rupture in these areas, resulting in an apparent rupture velocity surpassing the local shear wave velocity. These findings demonstrate the importance of dynamic triggering in adjacent fault systems during large earthquakes, influencing the extent and complexity of rupture propagation.
High rates of marine organic carbon burial on the southwest Greenland margin induced by Neoglacial advances
Authors: Wang Yunfeng , Gélinas Yves , de Vernal Anne , Mucci Alfonso O. , Allan Estelle , Seidenkrantz Marit-Solveig , Douglas Peter M. J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMarine sediments in glacially-carved fjords at high latitudes feature high organic carbon (OC) burial rates, but there are fewer data on the role of glacial activity on high-latitude OC burial rates outside of fjords. Here, we investigate the relationship between sediment OC burial rates in the deep troughs and basins of the southwest Greenland shelf and Holocene glacial dynamics. Since the onset of prominent Neoglacial advances ~2500 years ago, the nature of the OC buried in the deep troughs and basins of the shelf was influenced by the glacier-driven increase in sediment accumulation rates (SAR), reactive iron (oxyhydr)oxide concentrations and fine-grain sediment, while OC burial rates were primarily enhanced by increasing SAR. Peak OC burial rates (~18.5 ± 5.7 g m−2 a−1) in the deep troughs and basins of the shelf during the past ~1300 years are comparable to those of many high-latitude fjords, and the inferred total annual OC burial in these trough and basin areas is equivalent to ~5% of the annual CO2 uptake by the Labrador Sea deep convection.
Healthy aging meta-analyses and scoping review of risk factors across Latin America reveal large heterogeneity and weak predictive models
Authors: Ibanez Agustin , Maito Marcelo , Botero-Rodríguez Felipe , Fittipaldi Sol , Coronel Carlos , Migeot Joaquin , Lacroix Andrea , Lawlor Brian , Duran-Aniotz Claudia , Baez Sandra , Santamaria-Garcia Hernando 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModels of healthy aging are typically based on the United States and Europe and may not apply to diverse and heterogeneous populations. In this study, our objectives were to conduct a meta-analysis to assess risk factors of cognition and functional ability across aging populations in Latin America and a scoping review focusing on methodological procedures. Our study design included randomized controlled trials and cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies using multiple databases, including MEDLINE, the Virtual Health Library and Web of Science. From an initial pool of 455 studies, our meta-analysis included 38 final studies (28 assessing cognition and 10 assessing functional ability, n = 146,000 participants). Our results revealed significant but heterogeneous effects for cognition (odds ratio (OR) = 1.20, P = 0.03, confidence interval (CI) = (1.0127, 1.42); heterogeneity: I2 = 92.1%, CI = (89.8%, 94%)) and functional ability (OR = 1.20, P = 0.01, CI = (1.04, 1.39); I2 = 93.1%, CI = (89.3%, 95.5%)). Specific risk factors had limited effects, especially on functional ability, with moderate impacts for demographics and mental health and marginal effects for health status and social determinants of health. Methodological issues, such as outliers, inter-country differences and publication bias, influenced the results. Overall, we highlight the specific profile of risk factors associated with healthy aging in Latin America. The heterogeneity in results and methodological approaches in studying healthy aging call for greater harmonization and further regional research to understand healthy aging in Latin America.