bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Glass Transition and Optical Transparency of Novel Organosoluble Polyamides Containing 4‐tert‐‐Butyltoluene Moiety
Authors: Wang Chenyi , Zhao Xiaoyan , Li Guang , Jiang Jianming 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of novel polyamides 3a–3d containing 4‐tert‐butyltoluene moiety, were prepared using the phosphorylation polycondensation technique. FT‐IR and 1H NMR techniques were used to investigate the chemical structures of 3a–3d. The results confirmed that they agreed with the proposed structures for 3a–3d completely. The 3a–3d had inherent viscosities ranging from 0.71 to 1.67 dL·g−1. All the polyamides showed excellent solubility, with the dissolvability at a concentration of 10 wt% in most amide polar solvents. Flexible and tough polyamide films could be prepared by casting from DMAc (N,N‐dimethylacetamide) solvent. Their films were nearly colorless and exhibited high optical transparency, with the UV cutoff wavelength in the range of 346–363 nm and transmittance higher than 80% at 450 nm. They also exhibited high glass transition temperatures in the range of 310–343°C and the onset decomposition temperatures in the range of 435–462°C in nitrogen atmosphere. Meanwhile, these polyamide films possess good mechanical properties with tensile strengths of 76.4–86.1 MPa and elongations at break of 11.2%–27.3%. Due to those properties, these polyamides could be considered as photoelectric and microelectronic materials.
Hedgehog pathway signaling in cervical carcinoma and outcome after chemoradiation
Authors: Chaudary Naz , Pintilie Melania , Hedley David , Fyles Anthony W. , Milosevic Michael , Clarke Blaise , Hill Richard P. , Mackay Helen 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Hedgehog (Hh) signaling was assessed in patients with primary cervical carcinoma who were receiving chemoradiation. Because the up‐regulation of Hh has been reported in response to hypoxia, the authors examined associations between Hh gene expression and measurements of HP5 (the percentage of oxygen pressure readings in each tumor <5 mm Hg) and interstitial fluid pressure (IFP).METHODS:Sonic hedgehog (SHH), Indian hedgehog (IHH), patched 1 and 2 (PTCH1 and PTCH2), smoothened (SMO), and glioma‐associated oncogene family zinc finger 1 (Gli1) expression levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis on 85 frozen samples of primary cervical carcinoma and on 16 normal cervical samples. Clinicopathologic data were collected prospectively. Possible correlations between Hh expression and tumor hypoxia (HP5 and IFP) measured at the time of biopsy, the time to local recurrence, and disease‐free survival (DFS) were examined.RESULTS:At least 1 member of the Hh pathway was elevated in all but 1 tumor compared with normal tissue (P < .0001). Hh gene expression was heterogeneous with SHH, IHH, and GLI exhibiting bimodal distribution. Elevation of SHH expression (P = .04) and low SMO expression (P = .0007) were associated with HP5. The risk of local recurrence was associated with the up‐regulation of SMO (hazard ratio [HR], 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐5.82; P = .044), the up‐regulation of >3 Hh genes (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.09‐6.00; P = .026), tumor size (HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14‐1.74; P = .0015), and lymph node‐positive disease (HR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.16‐6.86; P = .022).CONCLUSIONS:The proportion of tumors that expressed Hh genes in cervical cancer was very high. The current data support a role for the Hh pathway in repopulation after chemoradiation and suggest that SMO may be a valid therapeutic target. The authors concluded that further investigation into this pathway after radiation and Hh inhibition are warranted. Cancer 2012;118: 3105–15. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Design and Synthesis of Blue‐Emitting Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Based on Regioselective Functionalization
Authors: Hisamatsu Yosuke , Aoki Shin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA series of tris‐cyclometalated IrIII complexes were prepared by regioselective substitution reactions (formylation, thiocyanation, and iodination) and subsequent conversions (cyanation, cross‐coupling reaction, reduction, and oxidation) on a 2‐(4′‐methoxyphenyl)pyridine (mppy) ligand of fac‐[Ir(mppy)3]. The introduction of electron‐withdrawing groups such as CHO, CN, and sulfonyl groups (SO2Me, SO2Ar) at the 5′‐position of the phenyl ring of the mppy portion induces a considerable blueshift in luminescence emission (from 495 nm to approximately 465 nm) in degassed organic solvents.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dioxidodiphenylrhenium(VII) Propionate
Authors: Huber Stefan , Cokoja Mirza , Drees Markus , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTreatment of propylperrhenate with 1 equiv. phenylzinc acetate yields dioxidodiphenylrhenium propionate. This novel complex can be synthesized with a yield of 41 % and is characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The compound is sensitive to moisture. It decomposes in sunlight and above 0 °C. The crystal structure has distorted octahedral symmetry around the rhenium center. Both rhenium–carbon bonds have a length of 2.141 Å and are significantly longer than other comparable rhenium–carbon bonds.
On‐chip integrated labelling, transport and detection of tumour cells
Authors: Woods Jane , Docker Peter T. , Dyer Charlotte E. , Haswell Stephen J. , Greenman John 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMicroflow cytometry represents a promising tool for the investigation of diagnostic and prognostic cellular cancer markers, particularly if integrated within a device that allows primary cells to be freshly isolated from the solid tumour biopsies that more accurately reflect patient‐specific in vivo tissue microenvironments at the time of staining. However, current tissue processing techniques involve several sequential stages with concomitant cell losses, and as such are inappropriate for use with small biopsies. Accordingly, we present a simple method for combined antibody‐labelling and dissociation of heterogeneous cells from a tumour mass, which reduces the number of processing steps. Perfusion of ex vivo tissue at 4°C with antibodies and enzymes slows cellular activity while allowing sufficient time for the diffusion of minimally active enzymes. In situ antibody‐labelled cells are then dissociated at 37°C from the tumour mass, whereupon hydrogel‐filled channels allow the release of relatively low cell numbers (<1000) into a biomimetic microenvironment. This novel approach to sample processing is then further integrated with hydrogel‐based electrokinetic transport of the freshly liberated fluorescent cells for downstream detection. It is anticipated that this integrated microfluidic methodology will have wide‐ranging biomedical and clinical applications.
A sensitive and rapid immunoassay for quantification of testosterone by microchip electrophoresis with enhanced chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Huang Yong , Shi Ming , Zhao Shulin , Liang Hong 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA sensitive and rapid approach to perform testosterone (T) competitive immunoassay by microchip electrophoresis (MCE) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was developed. The assay is based on the competitive immunoreactions between T and N‐(4‐aminobutyl)‐N‐ethylisoluminol‐labeled T (ABEI‐T) with a limited amount of antibody (Ab), and the rapid electrophoretic separation of an equilibrated mixture of ABEI‐T‐Ab complex and free ABEI‐T, followed by CL detection using horseradish peroxidase‐catalyzed ABEI‐H2O2 system. Free ABEI‐T and the ABEI‐T‐Ab complex are well separated within 30 s under the assay conditions. The developed method could be used to determine T with good precision and a detection limit lower than 1.0 nM. This method was applied for the quantification of T in human serum. The results demonstrated that the current MCE‐CL‐based competitive immunoassay maybe served as an alternative tool for clinical analysis.
Role of SOCS1 in tumor progression and therapeutic application
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Hui , Yu Jin‐Pu , Wang Shizhen Emily , Ren Xiu‐Bao 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSOCS1, a prototype molecule of the SOCS family, was initially defined as a suppressor of cytokine signaling. The molecular mechanisms of SOCS1‐mediated functions have been subsequently identified by studies using gene knockout mice and gene silencing technology. As part of a negative feedback regulation, SOCS1 downregulates cytokine signaling through direct inhibition of the JAK tyrosine kinase and the signaling cascade of activated cytokine receptors, thereby attenuating cytokine‐initiated signal transduction. Moreover, other studies have demonstrated that SOCS1 also downregulates TLR signaling through direct and indirect mechanisms. Both cytokine receptor and TLR signaling pathways mediate important functions in survival, maturation and differentiation of various types of cells and in the regulation of immune function. Abnormal expression of SOCS1 in tumor cells has been detected in various human cancers, where it is associated with dysregulation of cytokine receptor and TLR signaling to promote cell transformation. Recent studies on the function of SOCS1 in tumor cells have revealed its novel role in carcinogenesis. In this review, we will focus on the mechanism of action of SOCS1 in both tumor cells and antigen‐presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment. The potential of using SOCS1 as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in tumor diagnosis, prognosis and treatment is discussed.
A mouse model for spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita with secondary osteoarthritis due to a Col2a1 mutation
Authors: Esapa Christopher T , Hough Tertius A , Testori Sarah , Head Rosie A , Crane Elizabeth A , Chan Carol PS , Evans Holly , Bassett JH Duncan , Tylzanowski Przemko , McNally Eugene G , Carr Andrew J , Boyde Alan , Howell Peter GT , Clark Anne , Williams Graham R , Brown Matthew A , Croucher Peter I , Nesbit M Andrew , Brown Steve DM , Cox Roger D , Cheeseman Michael T , Thakker Rajesh V 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Progeny of mice treated with the mutagen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) revealed a mouse, designated Longpockets (Lpk), with short humeri, abnormal vertebrae, and disorganized growth plates, features consistent with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita (SEDC). The Lpk phenotype was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Lpk/+ mice were viable and fertile and Lpk/Lpk mice died perinatally. Lpk was mapped to chromosome 15 and mutational analysis of likely candidates from the interval revealed a Col2a1 missense Ser1386Pro mutation. Transient transfection of wild-type and Ser1386Pro mutant Col2a1 c-Myc constructs in COS-7 cells and CH8 chondrocytes demonstrated abnormal processing and endoplasmic reticulum retention of the mutant protein. Histology revealed growth plate disorganization in 14-day-old Lpk/+ mice and embryonic cartilage from Lpk/+ and Lpk/Lpk mice had reduced safranin-O and type-II collagen staining in the extracellular matrix. The wild-type and Lpk/+ embryos had vertical columns of proliferating chondrocytes, whereas those in Lpk/Lpk mice were perpendicular to the direction of bone growth. Electron microscopy of cartilage from 18.5 dpc wild-type, Lpk/+, and Lpk/Lpk embryos revealed fewer and less elaborate collagen fibrils in the mutants, with enlarged vacuoles in the endoplasmic reticulum that contained amorphous inclusions. Micro-computed tomography (CT) scans of 12-week-old Lpk/+ mice revealed them to have decreased bone mineral density, and total bone volume, with erosions and osteophytes at the joints. Thus, an ENU mouse model with a Ser1386Pro mutation of the Col2a1 C-propeptide domain that results in abnormal collagen processing and phenotypic features consistent with SEDC and secondary osteoarthritis has been established. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Cell autonomous requirement of connexin 43 for osteocyte survival: Consequences for endocortical resorption and periosteal bone formation
Authors: Bivi Nicoletta , Condon Keith W , Allen Matthew R , Farlow Nathan , Passeri Giovanni , Brun Lucas R , Rhee Yumie , Bellido Teresita , Plotkin Lilian I 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) mediates osteocyte communication with other cells and with the extracellular milieu and regulates osteoblastic cell signaling and gene expression. We now report that mice lacking Cx43 in osteoblasts/osteocytes or only in osteocytes (Cx43ΔOt mice) exhibit increased osteocyte apoptosis, endocortical resorption, and periosteal bone formation, resulting in higher marrow cavity and total tissue areas measured at the femoral mid-diaphysis. Blockade of resorption reversed the increased marrow cavity but not total tissue area, demonstrating that endocortical resorption and periosteal apposition are independently regulated. Anatomical mapping of apoptotic osteocytes, osteocytic protein expression, and resorption and formation suggests that Cx43 controls osteoclast and osteoblast activity by regulating osteoprotegerin and sclerostin levels, respectively, in osteocytes located in specific areas of the cortex. Whereas empty lacunae and living osteocytes lacking osteoprotegerin were distributed throughout cortical bone in Cx43ΔOt mice, apoptotic osteocytes were preferentially located in areas containing osteoclasts, suggesting that osteoclast recruitment requires active signaling from dying osteocytes. Furthermore, Cx43 deletion in cultured osteocytic cells resulted in increased apoptosis and decreased osteoprotegerin expression. Thus, Cx43 is essential in a cell-autonomous fashion in vivo and in vitro for osteocyte survival and for controlling the expression of osteocytic genes that affect osteoclast and osteoblast function. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Developmental integration of feather growth and pigmentation and its implications for the evolution of diet‐derived coloration
Authors: Landeen Elizabeth A. , Badyaev Alexander V. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractVariation in avian coloration is produced by coordinated pigmentation of thousands of growing feathers that vary in shape and size. Although the functional consequences of avian coloration are frequently studied, little is known about its developmental basis, and, specifically, the rules that link feather growth to pigment uptake and synthesis. Here, we combine biochemical, modeling, and morphometric techniques to examine the developmental basis of feather pigmentation in house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus)—a species with extensive variation in both growth dynamics of ornamental feathers and their carotenoid pigmentation. We found that the rate of carotenoid uptake was constant across a wide range of feather sizes and shapes, and the relative pigmented area of feathers was independent of the total amount of deposited carotenoids. Analysis of the developmental linkage of feather growth and pigment uptake showed that the mechanisms behind partitioning the feather into pigmented and nonpigmented parts and the mechanisms regulating carotenoid uptake into growing feathers are partially independent. Carotenoid uptake strongly covaried with early elements of feather differentiation (the barb addition rate and diameter), whereas the pigmented area was most closely associated with the rate of feather growth. We suggest that strong effects of carotenoid uptake on genetically integrated mechanisms of feather growth and differentiation provide a likely route for genetic assimilation of diet‐dependent coloration. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318:59–70, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental Validation of Intermediate Termination in RAFT Polymerization with Dithiobenzoate via Comparison of Miniemulsion and Bulk Polymerization Rates
Authors: Suzuki Kiyoshi , Nishimura Yuko , Kanematsu Yuta , Masuda Yoshie , Satoh Shuzaemon , Tobita Hidetaka 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo understand if either of two controversial models for the retardation by RAFT agents is applicable, styrene polymerization using dithiobenzoate as the RAFT agent is carried out in both bulk and miniemulsion systems with the same rates of radical generation and the same RAFT agent concentrations. Miniemulsion polymerization with average diameters of the miniemulsion droplets of ≈107 nm is by far faster than in bulk, and the obtained rate of polymerization agrees well with the calculated results assuming a bimolecular termination between propagating radical and intermediate radical, generated by the addition reaction of propagating radical to the RAFT agent, which shows that the intermediate termination is the major reason for rate retardation by the RAFT agent.magnified image
α‐Agonisten in der Augenheilkunde
Authors: Anton Alexandra , Jordan Jens 
Published: October 2011

Abstractα‐Agonisten werden am Auge zur Behandlung des Glaukoms eingesetzt. Sie senken über eine Hemmung der Kammerwasserproduktion und über eine Steigerung des Kammerwasserabflusses den Augeninnendruck. Heutzutage werden aufgrund des geringeren Nebenwirkungsprofils bevorzugt selektive α2‐Agonisten angewandt. Sie gehören aufgrund ihrer lokalen und systemischen Nebenwirkungen jedoch zu den Therapeutika der 2. Wahl. Experimentelle Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass α2‐Agonisten einen additiven neuroprotektiven Effekt haben. In klinischen Studien konnte dies jedoch bisher nicht belegt werden.
Determination of Nucleosides and Nucleobases in the Pollen of Typha Angustifolia by UPLC‐PDA‐MS
Authors: Tao Wei‐Wei , Duan Jin‐Ao , Yang Nian‐Yun , Guo Sheng , Zhu Zhen‐Hua , Tang Yu‐Ping , Qian Da‐Wei 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe pollen of Typha angustifolia L. has been used traditionally for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, stranguria and metrorrhagia in China. Recently, nucleosides and nucleobases have been proven as important bioactive compounds. Exploration of the nucleoside and nucleobase profiles from the pollen of T. angustifolia is important for improving its therapeutic value and could be convenient for its quality evaluation.ObjectiveTo establish an UPLC‐PDA‐MS method for simultaneous determination of nucleosides and nucleobases in the pollen of T. angustifolia.MethodologyThe analysis was performed on an Acuity UPLCHSS T3 column with a gradient elution of 5 mm ammonium acetate and methanol solution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.ResultsSatisfactory separation of these compounds was obtained in less than 12 min. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r2 > 0.9995). The method provided good accuracy, precision, recovery, and sensitivity for the quantification of the 10 compounds analysed.ConclusionThe UPLC method established is very helpful for optimising their content and could be convenient for quality evaluation of the pollen of T. angustifolia, which has not been reported as far as we are aware. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Se flux on CuIn1‐xGaxSe2 film in reactive sputtering process
Authors: Park Nae‐Man , Lee Ho Sub , Cho Dae‐Hyung , Chung Yong‐Duck , Kim Kyung‐Hyun , Lee Kyu‐Seok , Kim Jeha 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTCuIn1‐xGaxSe2 (CIGS) thin films were grown on Mo/soda lime glass using a reactive sputtering process in which a Se cracker was used to deliver reactive Se molecules. The Cu0·6 Ga0·4 and Cu0·4In0·6 targets were simultaneously sputtered under the delivery of reactive Se. The effects of Se flux on CIGS film deposition were investigated. The CIGS film growth rate decreased, and the surface roughness of a film increased as the Se flux increased. The [112] crystal orientation was dominant, and metallic crystal phases such as Cu9Ga4 and Cu16In9 in a film were disappearing with increasing Se flux. A solar cell fabricated using a 900‐nm CIGS film showed the power conversion efficiency of 8·6%, the highest value found in a sub‐micron thick CIGS solar cell related to a reactive sputtering process with metallic targets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Modification of Biopolymers by Argon Plasma and Thermal Treatment
Authors: Slepička Petr , Trostová Simona , Slepičková Kasálková Nikola , Kolská Zdeňka , Sajdl Petr , Švorčík Václav 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis work deals with the surface characterization of biocompatible polymers: poly(L‐lactide acid) (PLLA) and poly‐4‐methyl‐1‐pentene (PMP). Plasma irradiation and thermal treatment influences the surface wettability, morphology (AFM), chemical composition of surface (XPS) and electrokinetic (zeta) potential. After plasma treatment the surface morphology of PLLA changes dramatically. Plasma treatment generates oxygen groups on the surface of PMP and causes both PMP and PLLA ablation. The thermal treatment accelerates the aging of the polymer surface and dramatically changes the structure of modified PLLA. Plasma treatment improves significantly the cell adhesion and proliferation on the PMP.magnified image
Dysphagia and aspiration in children
Authors: Tutor James D. , Gosa Memorie M. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAspiration is a significant cause of respiratory morbidity and sometimes mortality in children. It occurs when airway protective reflexes fail, especially, when dysphagia is also present. Clinical symptoms and physical findings of aspiration can be nonspecific. Advances in technology can lead to early diagnosis of dysphagia and aspiration, and, new therapeutic advances can significantly improve outcome and prognosis. This report first reviews the anatomy and physiology involved in the normal process of swallowing. Next, the protective reflexes that help to prevent aspiration are discussed followed by the pathophysiologic events that occur after an aspiration event. Various disease processes that can result in dysphagia and aspiration in children are discussed. Finally, the various methods for diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia in children are reviewed. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:321–337. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pain Impacts on Quality of Life and Interferes with Treatment in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Kelemen Lee , Lee Annemarie L. , Button Brenda M. , Presnell Scott , Wilson John W. , Holland Anne E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground and purposePain has been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF), but its clinical significance and the physical and psychosocial impact in adults who are clinically stable and acutely unwell have not been well described. The aim of this study was to describe the intensity and location of pain and its relationship with health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and pain catastrophizing in adults with CF.MethodsThis study was an observational study of adults with CF. Participants completed three questionnaires, the Brief Pain Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the CF‐Quality of Life questionnaire, when clinically stable and during an acute exacerbation.ResultsA total of 73 participants were included during a period of clinical stability, with 33 repeating the measurements during an acute illness, with a mean (SD) age of 29 (9) years and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) of 60.5 (24.9)% predicted. Mild pain was reported by 89% of stable participants and 79% of those with exacerbations. Severity of lung disease did not affect prevalence or intensity of pain. Pain interfered with airway clearance therapy during exacerbations (p < 0.012) and exercise regimens when participants were clinically stable (p < 0.002) and was related to a poorer physical function, regardless of clinical status (p < 0.05). Although pain intensity was associated with reduced HRQOL (p < 0.001), only FEV1 and the degree of pain catastrophizing were independent predictors of poorer HRQOL.ConclusionsPain is common in adults with CF, irrespective of clinical status, and may interfere with important physiotherapy treatments. Although pain intensity is generally mild, those with a negative emotional response to pain have significantly impaired HRQOL. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.