bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene‐specific alterations of hepatic gene expression by ligand activation or hepatocyte‐selective inhibition of retinoid X receptor‐α signalling during inflammation
Authors: Kosters Astrid , Tian Feng , Wan Yvonne Yu‐Jie , Karpen Saul J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundInflammation leads to transcriptional downregulation of many hepatic genes, particulary those activated by retinoid X receptor‐α (RXRα) heterodimers. Inflammation‐mediated reduction of nuclear RXRα levels is a main factor in reduced nuclear receptor (NR)‐regulated hepatic gene expression, eventually leading to cholestasis and liver damage.AimTo investigate roles for RXRα in hepatic gene expression during inflammation, using two complementary mouse models: ligand activation of RXRα, and in mice expressing hepatocyte‐specific expression of RXRα missing its DNA‐binding domain (DBD; hs‐RxrαΔex4−/−).MethodsTo activate RXRα, mice were gavage‐fed with LG268 or vehicle for 5 days. To inhibit RXRα function, hs‐RxrαΔex4−/− mice were used. All mice were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or saline for 16 h prior to analysis of hepatic RNA, protein and NR–DNA binding.ResultsLG268 treatment attenuated the LPS‐mediated reductions of several RXRα‐regulated genes, coinciding with maintained RXRα occupancy in both Bsep and Ostβ promoters. Lacking full hepatocyte RXRα function (hs‐RxrαΔex4−/− mice) led to enhancement of LPS‐mediated changes in gene expression, but surprisingly, maintenance of RNA levels of some RXRα‐regulated genes. Investigations revealed that hs‐RxrαΔex4−/− hepatocytes expressed an internally truncated, approximately 44 kDa, RXRα‐form. DNA‐binding capacity of NR heterodimers was equivalent in wild‐type and hs‐RxrαΔex4−/− livers, but reduced by LPS in both. Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR revealed that RXRα occupancy to the Bsep RXRα:Farnesoid X Receptor site was reduced, but not absent, in hs‐RxrαΔex4−/− livers.ConclusionsThere are differential regulatory roles for hepatic RXRα, both in basal and inflammatory states, suggesting new and complex multidomain roles for RXRα in regulating hepatic gene expression. Moreover, there is an unexpected non‐obligate role for the DBD of RXRα.
Serotonin 1A receptors, depression, and memory in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Theodore William H. , Wiggs Edythe A. , Martinez Ashley R. , Dustin Irene H. , Khan Omar I. , Appel Shmuel , Reeves‐Tyer Pat , Sato Susumu 
Published: November 2011

SummaryPurpose:  Memory deficits and depression are common in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown reduced mesial temporal 5HT1A‐receptor binding in these patients. We examined the relationships among verbal memory performance, depression, and 5HT1A‐receptor binding measured with 18F‐trans‐4‐fluoro‐N‐2‐[4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]ethyl‐N‐(2‐pyridyl) cyclohexane carboxamide (18FCWAY) PET in a cross‐sectional study.Methods:  We studied 40 patients (24 male; mean age 34.5 ± 10.7 years) with TLE. Seizure diagnosis and focus localization were based on ictal video–electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Patients had neuropsychological testing with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Score III (WAIS III) and Wechsler Memory Score III (WMS III) on stable antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens at least 24 h since the last seizure. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were obtained. We performed interictal PET with 18FCWAY, a fluorinated derivative of WAY 100635, a highly specific 5HT1A ligand, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to estimate partial volume and plasma free fraction corrected 18FCWAY volume of distribution (V/f1).Key Findings:  Hippocampal V/f1 was significantly lower in area ipsilateral than contralateral to the epileptic focus (73.7 ± 27.3 vs. 95.4 ± 28.4; p < 0.001). We found a significant relation between both left hippocampal 18FCWAY V/f1 (r = 0.41; p < 0.02) and left hippocampal volume (r = 0.36; p < 0.03) and delayed auditory memory score. On multiple regression, there was a significant effect of the interaction of left hippocampal 18FCWAY V/f1 and left hippocampal volume on delayed auditory memory, but not of either alone. High collinearity was present. In an analysis of variance including the side of the seizure focus, the effect of left hippocampal 18FCWAY V/f1 but not focus laterality retained significance. Mean BDI was 8.3 ± 7.0. There was a significant inverse relation between BDI and 18FCWAY V/f1 ipsilateral to the patient’s epileptic focus (r = 0.38 p < 0.02). There was no difference between patients with a right or left temporal focus. There was no relation between BDI and immediate or delayed auditory memory.Significance:  Our study suggests that reduced left hippocampal 5HT1A‐receptor binding may play a role in memory impairment in patients with TLE.
The human immunodeficiency virus‐1 genotype diversity and drug resistance mutations profile of volunteer blood donors from Chinese blood centers
Authors: Zeng Peibin , Wang Jingxing , Huang Yi , Guo Xiaoming , Li Julin , Wen Guoxin , Yang Tonghan , Yun Zhongqiao , He Miao , Liu Yu , Yuan Yuzhe , Schulmann Jane , Glynn Simone , Ness Paul , Jackson J. Brooks , Shan Hua ,   for the NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II), International Component
Published: November 2011

BACKGROUND: The global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1 epidemic is becoming increasingly diverse and complex. Molecular epidemiologic characteristics were studied for HIV‐1–infected blood donors from five Chinese regions to determine genotype diversity and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) profile.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: HIV‐1 confirmed‐reactive serum samples were collected from 172 blood donors from five blood centers during 2007 to 2010. HIV‐1 Pol including whole protease and partial reverse transcriptase genes was amplified, sequenced, and analyzed for the subtype determination and drug resistance profile description.RESULT: A total of 113 amplified sequences including 82 from Kunming blood center and 31 from four other blood centers had the following genotype characteristics: G (0.9%), B (2.7%), circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE (32.7%), CRF07_BC (22.1%), and CRF08_BC (41.6%). Female donors represent 45.1% of all cases and 63.9% cases with DRMs. The prevalence of samples with potential low or higher resistance among Chinese blood donors is 4.4%.CONCLUSION: HIV‐1 infection in Chinese blood donors is genetically diverse and the subtype distribution reflects that from the high‐risk populations. Our results support continuous molecular epidemiologic surveillance for HIV‐1 in blood donors as a part of a comprehensive HIV control program.
Comparative histological results of different biomaterials used in sinus augmentation procedures: a human study at 6 months
Authors: Iezzi Giovanna , Degidi Marco , Piattelli Adriano , Mangano Carlo , Scarano Antonio , Shibli Jamil A. , Perrotti Vittoria 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectivesVarious grafts or combination of graft materials have been used in sinus floor augmentations, and human histological reports on their performance are available, although limited in number. Histological analysis of the regenerated tissues will provide useful information regarding the nature and amount of newly formed bone. Aim of the present study was a histological and histomorphometric evaluation, in humans, of specimens retrieved from sinuses augmented with phycogene hydroxyapatite, biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics, calcium carbonate, porcine bone and anorganic bovine bone, after a healing period of 6 months.Materials and methodsA total of 15 patients, undergoing 30 sinus augmentation procedures with five different biomaterials, participated in this study. A total of 82 titanium dental implants were inserted in the augmented sinuses after a healing period of 6 months. A total of 60 bone cores, 2 for each augmented sinus, 12 for every biomaterial, were retrieved and all were stored immediately in 10% buffered formalin and processed to obtain thin ground sections.ResultsIn all biomaterials, many grafted particles were lined and, sometimes, bridged by newly formed bone. Some biomaterials particles appeared to be partially resorbed and substituted by newly formed bone. Histomorphometry showed that, in all biomaterials, newly formed bone and residual grafted material particles represented about 30%.ConclusionsLonger term histological and histomorphometric studies will be necessary to understand better the resorption times of all these biomaterials. The high interconnecting microporosity allowed, in all the present biomaterials, the ingrowth of newly formed bone and vessels in the pores of the partially resorbed particles. In conclusion, within the limitations of the present study, the data provided support the fact that all these biomaterials can be used, successfully, in sinus augmentation procedures.
Cognitive symptoms are common in immune thrombocytopenia and associate with autonomic symptom burden
Authors: Frith James , Watson Shirley , Maggs Paula H. B. Bolton , Newton Julia L. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjectives:  People with adult immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are commonly thought to have an isolated blood disorder, but many also describe memory and concentration problems. Cognitive impairment commonly associates with autonomic dysfunction. Here, we quantified cognitive symptoms in a large cohort of patients with ITP compared with controls and explored the relationship with autonomic symptoms.Methods:  Patients with ITP were approached in the UK via the national ITP Support Association and invited to complete Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS; measure of autonomic symptoms) and Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) together with one from a friend of similar age and sex without ITP.Results:  Three hundred and ninety‐eight patients with ITP completed measures with paired data from a representative group of 189 patients and controls (47%). Both autonomic and cognitive symptom burden were higher in ITP compared with controls (COMPASS score (48 ± 14 vs. 38 ± 12; P > 0.0001); CFQ (43 ± 17 vs. 36 ± 13; P < 0.0001). A positive relationship was seen between increasing cognitive symptoms and higher COMPASS score (P < 0.0001; r2 = 0.1). Increasing cognitive symptoms did not associate with platelet count (P = 0.08, r2 = 0.008). Multivariate analysis confirmed age and COMPASS independently associated with higher CFQ but not platelet count.Conclusions:  Immune thrombocytopenia is more than a bleeding disorder; cognitive symptoms are common and independently associate with autonomic symptoms but not disease severity.
A Crucial Factor in Evangelicalism’s Success in (South) Korea: Coalescence with Nationalism and Anticommunism
Authors: Lee Timothy S. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSouth Korea is the home of the most vibrant evangelical community in East Asia. There one of every five citizens is an evangelical. This fact calls for an explanation, given that evangelicalism has hardly made similar inroads into China or Japan, the other major nations in the region, not to mention North Korea. This study examines what may be the most compelling factor in the rise of evangelicalism in Korea, one grounded in the modern history of Korea. The study makes the case that perhaps the most crucial factor in evangelicalism’s success in (South) Korea is that unlike in China or Japan or North Korea, in South Korea evangelicalism coalesced with collective interests of the larger society: first with Korean nationalism and then with South Korean anticommunism.
Cultural Differences in the Subjective Experience of Emotion: When and Why They Occur
Authors: Scollon Christie Napa , Koh Sharon , Au Evelyn W. M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractCross‐cultural comparisons of subjective emotional experience are common, and virtually any comparison of nations or different ethnic groups is bound to yield some differences and some similarities. While nobody doubts the considerable intercultural variability in subjective or self‐reports of emotion, more attention needs to be given to when and why and these differences occur. In this article, we explore factors that accentuate or attenuate cultural differences in the subjective experience of emotion. We propose that cultural norms shape emotional experiences to different degrees depending on the time frame of the emotional experience, the valence of the emotion, and even the specific emotion being compared. We review the research that supports this view and we highlight new avenues of research that are likely to shed light on cultural differences in the subjective experience of emotions.
The Role of Racial Identification, Social Acceptance/Rejection, Social Cognition, and Racial Socialization in Multiracial Youth’s Positive Development
Authors: Csizmadia Annamaria 
Published: November 2011

AbstractDeficit‐based scholarship has suggested that multiracial youth are maladjusted due to racial identity confusion and social marginality. This paper proposes an integrative model of multiracial youth’s positive development. This model highlights the important role of social cognition in understanding multiracial youth’s development. Drawing on Spencer’s PVEST, developmental research on monoracial and multiracial youth, and the racial socialization literature, I argue that multiracial youth’s perceptions of how their racial identity choices are accepted in their social environment have implications for their adjustment. Serving as developmental resources, parents can attenuate their children’s social perceptual biases or enhance their abilities to cope with actualized negative social experiences by engaging in cultural socialization, preparation for bias, and transmitting race‐related messages that help multiracial children reframe their negative perceptions.
Conflating Apples and Oranges: Understanding Modern Forms of Racism
Authors: Carson Byrd W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSocial scientists generally agree that the post‐Civil Rights form of racism is different from that which existed in the Jim Crow‐era in the United States. However, beyond this agreement, what exactly modern racism is and “looks like” is debatable. With this in mind, a surprising and somewhat disturbing trend frequently occurs among social scientists that can have real consequences within academia and the general public: conflation. In naming a newly developed concept as “racism”, social scientists often conflate three interrelated concepts: racial prejudice, racial discrimination, and racism. This paper clarifies these three interrelated concepts and the problems with conflating them. Additionally, this paper describes many of the alternative conceptions of racism in the post‐Civil Rights era, identifying where conflation exists in each concept. In closing, the paper describes the implications of conflation for social science research and the American public.
Effects of vildagliptin on postprandial markers of bone resorption and calcium homeostasis in recently diagnosed, well‐controlled type 2 diabetes patients*
Authors: BUNCK Mathijs C. , POELMA Marieke , EEKHOFF E. Marelise , SCHWEIZER Anja , HEINE Robert J. , NIJPELS Giel , FOLEY James E. , DIAMANT Michaela 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground:  Bone metabolism is a dynamic process that is influenced by food ingestion. Endogenous incretins have been shown to be important regulators of bone turnover. The aim of the present study was to assess whether a dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitor affects markers of bone resorption and calcium homeostasis.Methods:  The present study was a single‐center, double blind, randomized clinical trail. Fifty‐nine drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized to either 1 year treatment with the DPP‐4 inhibitor vildagliptin (100 mg, once daily; n = 29) or placebo (n = 30). Patients received a standardized breakfast after measurement of serum concentrations of cross‐linked C‐terminal telopeptide (s‐CTx), a bone resorption marker influenced by food intake, before and after 50 weeks treatment.Results:  Vildagliptin did not change postprandial s‐CTx concentrations compared with pretreatment levels (between‐group ratio 1.15 ± 0.17; P = 0.320). Fasting serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphate were also unaffected y 1 year treatment with vildagliptin.Conclusions:  Treatment with vildagliptin for 1 year was not associated with changes in markers of bone resorption and calcium homeostasis in drug‐naïve patients with T2D and mild hyperglycemia.
5‐fluorouracil arterial infusion + interferon therapy for highly advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter, randomized, phase II study
Authors: Monden Morito , Sakon Masato , Sakata Yuh , Ueda Yoshitaka , Hashimura Etsuro ,   FAIT Research Group
Published: November 2011

Aim:  The efficacy and safety of 5‐fluorouracil arterial infusion + interferon therapy (FAIT) was evaluated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a high degree of vascular invasion associated with poor prognosis, using best salvage therapy (BST) as a reference group.Methods:  Sixty‐nine patients with advanced HCC with a high degree of vascular invasion (Vp3, Vp4, Vv3) were randomly assigned to a FAIT group or a BST group. The FAIT group received interferon‐α and 5‐fluorouracil combination therapy; the BST group received either combination therapy of cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil (low‐dose FP therapy) or cisplatin for arterial infusion.Results:  Thirty patients in the FAIT group and 31 patients in the BST group were included in the efficacy analysis. The response rate (primary endpoint) was 26.7% (eight out of 30 patients) for the FAIT group and 25.8% (eight out of 31) for the BST group. The number of occurrences of adverse events of grade 3 or higher was 115 in 30 patients in the FAIT group and 113 in 29 patients in the BST group. None of the deaths were related to the study therapy.Conclusions:  FAIT exerts modest antitumor effects and poses no particular safety concerns. FAIT may be a strategy of choice worth trying for advanced HCC with high degree of vascular invasion, which is associated with poor prognosis.
Palliative care in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review of current international guidelines and initiatives: Table 1
Authors: Bede Peter , Oliver David , Stodart James , van den Berg Leonard , Simmons Zachary , Brannagáin Doiminic Ó , Borasio Gian Domenico , Hardiman Orla 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative condition. Optimal management requires a palliative approach from diagnosis with emphasis on patient autonomy, dignity and quality of life.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic analysis of the type, level and timing of specialist palliative care intervention in ALS.ResultsDespite an international consensus that ALS management should adopt a multidisciplinary approach, integration of palliative care into ALS management varies considerably across health care systems. Late referral to palliative services in ALS is not uncommon and may impact negatively on the quality of life of ALS patients and their caregivers. However, common themes and principles of engagement can be identified across different jurisdictions, and measurement systems have been established that can assess the impact of palliative care intervention.ConclusionsThere is considerable evidence that palliative care intervention improves quality of life in patients and carers. International consensus guidelines would assist in the development of a framework for active palliative care engagement in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Mortality in parents following the death of a child: a nationwide follow-up study from Sweden
Authors: Rostila Mikael , Saarela Jan , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: November 2011

BackgroundThe death of a young child is so devastating that it can increase the risk of mortality in the grieving parent. Little is known about the impact of an adult child's death on the health of parents.MethodsThe authors conducted a follow-up study between 1980 and 2002 based on a linked-registers database that contains the total Swedish population. The authors examined mortality from all causes, natural causes and unnatural causes among parents following the death of children aged 10–49 years.ResultsAn increased mortality risk (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.68) in mothers following the death of a minor child (10–17 years) was found and especially following unnatural deaths (primarily accidents and suicides). Mothers also experienced elevated mortality following the death of an adult child aged 18–25 years (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.29). Bereavement effects among fathers were more attenuated and chiefly found after >8 years of follow-up. From a short-term perspective (1–3 years), the death of an adult child (>25 years) was somewhat protective for parents. However, over longer follow-up periods, it approached (4–8 years) and exceeded (>8 years) the death risk of the general population.ConclusionsThese findings corroborate and extend earlier findings suggesting elevated mortality risks also following the death of an adult child.
Bleeding risk assessment and management in atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Fauchier Laurent , Hylek Elaine , Knight Eve , Lane Deirdre , Levi Marcel , Marin Francisco , Palareti Gualtiero , Collet J.-P. , Rubboli A. , Poli D. , Camm A. J. , Lip Gregory , Andreotti Felicita , Huber Kurt , Kirchhof Paulus 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn this executive summary of a Consensus Document from the European Heart Rhythm Association, endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Thrombosis, we comprehensively review the published evidence and propose a consensus on bleeding risk assessments in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. The main aim of the document was to summarise ‘best practice’ in dealing with bleeding risk in AF patients when approaching antithrombotic therapy, by addressing the epidemiology and size of the problem, and review established bleeding risk factors. We also summarise definitions of bleeding in the published literature. Patient values and preferences balancing the risk of bleeding against thromboembolism as well as the prognostic implications of bleeding are reviewed. We also provide an overview of published bleeding risk stratification and bleeding risk schema. Brief discussion of special situations (e.g. periablation, peri-devices such as implantable cardioverter defibrillators [ICD] or pacemakers, presentation with acute coronary syndromes and/or requiring percutanous coronary interventions/stents and bridging therapy) is made, as well as a discussion of the prevention of bleeds and managing bleeding complications. Finally, this document puts forwards consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and assist in everyday clinical practice.