bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Time and Depth of Sampling upon Soil Test Results1
Authors: Childs F. D. , Jencks E. M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAvailable phosphorus, potassium, pH, and lime requirement determinations were made for 13 consecutive months in Gilpin, Gilpin‐Upshur, and Westmoreland soils under permanent pasture. Statistically significant differences in available phosphorus and potassium and lime requirement occurred with time with the largest seasonal differences occurring between the winter and summer months. Differences found were of sufficient magnitude to influence lime and fertilizer recommendations.
Phytotoxic Phenolic Compounds in Sericea Lespedeza Residues1
Authors: Langdale George W. , Giddens Joel E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) stem residues incorporated into soils were effective in depressing corn growth.Four phenolic compounds—protocatechuic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, and p‐coumaric acid—were detected by thin layer or gas chromatographic techniques in sericea residues. Stems contained the greatest amount of these compounds.Higher concentration of protocatechuic acid than other phenolic compounds was detected. The protocatechuic acid appeared to be less effective in inhibiting auxin activity of indoleacetic acid in Avena coleoptiles than the smaller concentrations of vanillin, ferulic acid, and p‐coumaric acid.
Percent Soil Cover by Six Vegetative Mulches1
Authors: Greb B. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEstimates of percent soil cover by straw or stalk type vegetative mulches can be calculated by means of measuring the average length, diameter, and weight of a random sample of clean, oven‐dry material. Efficiency of soil cover per unit weight for mulches at Akron, Colo., were spring barley > winter wheat = spring oats > sudangrass > grain millet > grain sorghum.
Nitrate Accumulation in Tobacco Leaves in Relation to N, P, and K Concentrations of the Leaf1
Authors: Peterson L. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNitrate accumulation in tobacco leaves was studied in relation to the N, P, and K concentrations of the leaf. The leaves used in the study were from a 3‐year N, P, K fertility trial and possessed wide variations in concentrations of N, P, and K. The importance of the N concentration as well as the unimportance of P and K on nitrate accumulation were shown. Nitrate N and total N contents of the leaves correlated at a highly significant level.About 60% of the variation in the nitrate N content of the tobacco leaves was accounted for by the amount of N, P, and K added as fertilizer. The amount of added N was the major contributing factor in the correlation.
“Runoff Farming” in the Desert: II. Moisture Use by Young Apricot and Peach Trees1
Authors: Cohen O. P. , Evenari M. , Shanan L. , Tadmor N. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoil moisture and trunk growth of young apricot and peach trees were measured under flood water spreading conditions in the desert. Rates of moisture depletion and trunk growth were different for each species and did not appear to be related to available soil moisture. Young apricot trees produced nearly three times the trunk cross sectional area as peach trees per unit of water depletion. Root distribution of the trees was estimated by interpreting the changes in soil moisture.
Germination Behavior of Salsola as Influenced by Temperature, Moisture, Depth of Planting, and Gamma Irradiation1
Authors: Wallace A. , Rhods W. A. , Frolich E. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSalsola kali, L. seeds contain fully differentiated seedlings and these uncoil in minutes with favorable temperature and moisture. If germinated on the soil surface, the uncoiled seedling will dehydrate and the if it cannot push its roots into the soil. Germination is most favorable for seeds covered with soil. For this reason the species generally appears only on disturbed soils. Seeds germinate satisfactorily at 17 C and at 9.1% soil moisture in Yolo loam stabilized with krilium and seedlings emerged from a planting depth of 7.5 cm. Evidence obtained with gamma irradiation from a Co60 source indicates that germination consists of rapid cell elongation in response to moisture and that new cell division is not necessary to the process. Irradiation of seed at levels above about 50,000 R impaired cell division but levels of over 400,000 R were necessary to cause additional germination injury.
Water Loss from a Sorghum Field and Stomatal Control1
Authors: Van Bavel C. H. M. , Ehrler W. L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMeasurements of temperature and diffusion resistance of leaves and of micrometeorological factors in a wellwatered sorghum field during June in central Arizona show that the stomata regulate transpiration only during the periods of darkness and low light. This was concluded from a comparison of the values for the canopy resistance as derived from direct measurement on leaves and as calculated from the environmental data.This finding predicts that, during the main part of the daylight period, neither an increase in number or aperture of stomata nor a wetting of the entire foliage would increase the evaporative flux. The action of the sorghum plant is then like that of a wick.We also found that, in a hot and dry environment, the sorghum foliage will constantly be several degrees cooler than the ambient air, even in the middle of the day when radiant energy input is large. Finally, the energy equivalent of the evaporative flux exceeded the net radiant flux significantly at all times, and by 80% over a 24‐hour period.All three findings are at variance with common generalizations concerning the energetics and mechanics of crop transpiration. However, we recognize that our findings cannot be generalized to include other crop plants without specific studies.
Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Growth of Four Perennial Grasses. I. Response to Controlled Temperature1
Authors: Baker Barton S. , Jung G. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe growth of timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis, L.) was studied under controlled temperatures varying by 3.3 C intervals from 18.3 to 34.8 C during the day and from 1.8 to 18.3 C during the night. A day temperature between 18.3 and 21.6 C was optimum for top growth with timothy, orchardgrass, and bluegrass. With bromegrass, the optimum day temperature was between 18.3 and 24.9 C. As the day temperature was increased from these optimum ranges to 34.8 C, all of the species decreased in yield, but the decrease in bromegrass yields was less than in any of the other species. In some cases, night temperature also affected yields; but the optimum night temperature depended upon the species and the day temperature.The dry weight of etiolated growth indicated that the level of food reserves varied greatly. The species ranked orchardgrass > bromegrass > bluegrass > timothy for level of reserves. The most important factor affecting the level of reserves in a particular species was night temperature. In general, the food reserves decreased as the night temperature was increased from 1.8 to 18.3 C.
Effect of Cropping Intensity on Erosion and Infiltration1
Authors: Mannering J. V. , Meyer L. D. , Johnson C. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSoil loss and infiltration from corn (Zea mays L.), for rotations ranging in intensity from corn after 3 years of meadow to continuous corn, were measured on a silt loam soil of 5% slope. Intense simulated rainstorms were applied at three crop stages during each of 2 successive years. Infiltration rates for first‐ and second‐year corn after grass‐legume meadow were 32 and 26% greater, respectively, than for continuous corn. The rate for third‐ and fourth‐year corn was similar to that of continuous corn. Soil losses from first‐, second‐, third‐, and fourth‐year corn after meadow were 53, 83, 90, and 97%, respectively, of that from continuous corn. Two or 3 years of meadow were more effective than 1 year of meadow in maintaining high infiltration rates and reducing soil loss on first‐year corn. Infiltration was 17% and 18% greater and soil losses were 40% and 32% less for corn ulster 2 and 3 years of meadow, respectively, than after 1 year of meadow. Residual influences of meadow‐based rotations on water‐stable aggregation statistically accounted for greater than 70% of the variance in soil loss.
Pod Breakdown, Yield, and Grade of Virginia Type Peanuts as Affected by Ca, Mg, and K Sulfates1
Authors: Hallock D. L. , Garren Kenneth H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAbove‐normal rates of gypsum (CaSO4‐2H2O), up to 3,090 kg/ha broadcast in early bloom stage, on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) plants of the ‘Virginia bunch 46‐2’ cultivar reduced pod breakdown, a destructive preharvest disease, in 2 out of 3 years, 1964–66. Gypsum increased fruit yields and percent sound mature seeds and decreased percent extra large seeds and percent fancy size pods in 1964 and 1965. In all 3 years, gypsum increased percent Ca in pods, and decreased percent K in pods and percent externally damaged seeds.In 1965, 1,345 kg/ha MgSO4 broadcast on plants in early bloom stage increased pod breakdown and percent externally damaged seeds and decreased percent Ca in pods.K2SO4 at 1,510 kg/ha in 1965, and 1,010 and 2,020 kg/ha in 1966, increased pod breakdown, percent K in pods, and percent externally damaged seeds. K2SO4 also decreased fruit yield and percentages of extra large and sound mature seeds, fancy size pods, and Ca in pods.
Effect of Age at Harvest on Yield and Cell Wall Content of Amclo Clover1
Authors: Stanley R. L. , Beaty E. R. , Palmer D. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDuring the falls of 1965 and 1966 ‘Amclo’ clover (Trifolium vesiculosum) was allowed to volunteer, and starting the following spring in mid‐March new plots were clipped each week to establish the rate of dry matter and cell wall development accumulation. The clipping was continued until early June at which stage the clover had matured. Data obtained indicated that Amclo was capable of producing more than 100 kg/ha of dry forage each day at the peak of productivity. In dry years, however, a much lower level of productivity can be expected. In the young vegetative forage, cell walls comprised less than 40% of the total yield. During flowering, cell walls increased to 40 to 47% of the total yield. At maturity cell walls increased to more than 50% of the total. Both yield and cell walls varied significantly between years.
Effect of Height of Cut on Yield of Pensacola Bahiagrass1
Authors: Beaty E. R. , Stanley Robert L. , Powell John 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA clipping study on Pensacola bahiagrass (Paspalumnotatum var. ‘saurae Parodi’) over a 2‐year period, 1965 and 1966, showed that approximately 40% of the forage produced was within 2.54 cm of the soil surface. An additional 16 to 18% of the forage was produced between 2.54 and 5.08 cm from the surface. Only 9 to 16% of the forage was produced above 12.7 cm. N application tended to increase slightly the amount of forage produced above 12.7 cm and decrease the percent produced below 5.08 cm.Conventional clipping at a height at 6.25 cm recovered 22 to 44% of the forage on the area and appears to be an unsatisfactory method for evaluating bahiagrass forage production. Clipping removed a lower percent of the forage present at the June and October harvests than at the July, August, or September clippings.
Compatability of Tall Fescue and Coastal Bermudagrass as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Height of Clip1
Authors: Wilkinson S. R. , Welch L. F. , Hillsman G. A. , Jackson W. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTall fescue (Festuca arundinacae) was seeded into dormant Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), fertilized at five levels of N, and clipped at 5.1 and 10.2 cm over a 3‐year period to evaluate the influence of these factors on its persistence in competition with Coastal. The experiment was conducted at two adjacent locations, with one irrigated and the other not irrigated.Tall fescue persisted and contributed to yield at N levels up to 420 kg N/ha per year at the 5.1‐cm clip height, and at N levels up to 560 kg N/ha per year at 10.2‐cm clip height. Nitrogen fertilization decreased fescue content, whereas, the higher clipping increased fescue content of the harvested forage. Fescue content was high in the spring and fall and low in summer. Fescue growth during summer was better at the irrigated location. High N fertilization gave the highest yields, with little fescue in the harvested forage. Tall fescue‐Coastal associations have potential in grazing systems for cow‐calf operations where even seasonal distribution of forage may be important.
Water Potential Measurements of an Intact Plant‐Soil System1
Authors: Hoffman Glenn J. , Splinter William E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThermocouple psychrometers were used to measure the water potential of an intact plant‐soil system. The system consisted of a young tobacco plant grown in a container of fine sandy loam soil. The effects of soil water potential, diurnal fluctuations, and atmospheric relative humidity on the leaf water potential within a leaf and at different locations on the plant were studied.Water potential was found to decrease from the base of the leaf to the tip. Leaves at the base of the plant were found to have lower water potentials than leaves near the middle. The soil water potential decreased linearly with time as evapotranspiration occurred in the system. The site of measurement on the leaf, atmospheric relative humidity, and diurnal variations were found to affect the relationship between leaf and soil water potential. At a constant relative humidity a linear relationship was obtained when the leaf water potential was measured at the base of the bottom leaves or at a given time each day to eliminate diurnal variations. In general, however, the relationship between leaf and soil water potential was not found to be linear. Soil water potential, atmospheric relative humidity, and diurnal variations were found to reduce the leaf water potential by at least 100% in tobacco if altered within the range found under field conditions.
Influence of 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) On Soybeans Planted in Different Cultural Systems1
Authors: Wax L. M. , Pendleton J. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractField studies were conducted over a 2‐year period at Urbana, Ill., with two soybean varieties [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], to evaluate their response to 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) in various cultural management systems.Soybean yields increased as row spacing decreased from 101.6 to 25.4 cm. Compared to the yield from the 101.6 cm row spacing, the increase was 10, 18, and 20% for 76.2, 50.8, and 25.4 cm row spacings, respectively. The variety ‘Wayne’ outyielded ‘Harosoy 63’ at all row spacings and TIBA treatments. TIBA had little effect on yield at the 101.6, 76.2 and 25.4 cm row spacings, but caused a yield increase of about 6.5% with both varieties at the 50.8 cm row spacing.For both varieties, TIBA treatment significantly reduced height and lodging at all row spacings, increased pod set, and decreased seed weight. Neither TIBA nor row spacing influenced oil or protein composition of the seed.
Comparison of Materials for Reducing Evaporation of Soil Moisture in Water Efficiency Studies1
Authors: Dobrenz A. K. , Cole D. F. , Joy R. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCoarse styrofoam was a non‐toxic, permeable, lightweight material which reduced evaporation from the soil surface by 78% compared with bare soil. This material is easy to apply and allows for uniform evaporation under controlled environmental conditions which have high temperatures and low humidity.
Net and Spectral Radiation in Soybean Canopies1
Authors: Singh Maharaj , Peters D. B. , Pendleton J. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNet and spectral radiation profiles were measured for two soybean varieties of different leaf shapes. Net radiation attenuation differences were found for varieties but not for row spacings. The attenuation coefficient for both spectral and net radiation was very high, indicating the principal use of radiation is in the outer periphery of the soybean canopy. Net radiation was found to deviate from a Beer's Law absorption in the lower region of the soybean canopy.
Growth and Forage Quality Comparisons of Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia Scop.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)1
Authors: Carlton A. E. , Cooper C. S. , Delaney R. H. , Dubbs A. L. , Eslick R. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe calculated seasonal accumulation of dry matter and crude protein in sainfoin and alfalfa and feed quality at three stages of maturity when species were grown on irrigated and dryland. Maximum accumulation of dry matter and crude protein occurred between 2 and 45% bloom for alfalfa and at 100% bloom for sainfoin on irrigated land. Dry matter and crude protein yield trends for both crops were similar on irrigated land and dryland. The maximum dry matter and crude protein contents for both sainfoin and alfalfa occurred at about the same calendar date on dryland but at different dates under irrigation. Decreases in the percentage of crude protein were similar in both species with time. At all sampling dates crude protein percentage of alfalfa was greater than for sainfoin.At similar stages of maturity alfalfa was consistently higher than sainfoin in crude protein, ash, calcium, and crude fiber; and with few exceptions it was lower in nitrogen‐free extract, total digestible nutrients, and P. At the point of maximum yield for each species (10% bloom for alfalfa, 100% bloom for sainfoin) crude fiber and total digestible nutrient content was similar, but alfalfa contained 6% more protein and 9 to 10% less nitrogen‐free extract than sainfoin. We concluded that sainfoin hay would supply adequate protein to meet the needs of beef animals, and that it would supply total available energy equal or superior to that of alfalfa.
Atrazine and the Nitrate Content of Corn1
Authors: Doll J. D. , Meggitt W. F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCorn treated with atrazine and grown in controlled environment chambers and in the field was analyzed for its nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N) content. An increase in the NO3‐N was induced by atrazine at low temperatures in controlled environment chambers. In the field corn was planted at an early (May 10) and a late (June 17) date to expose field grown plants to two temperature regimes. The only atrazine induced NO3‐N increases occurred during the early months in the corn planted on May 10. At the silage stage, no significant atrazine induced NO3‐N increase was found in either the late or early planted corn.These studies indicate that any NO3‐N increase in corn induced by atrazine occurs only at low temperatures and that there is no accumulation of nitrate at the silage stages in corn treated with herbicidal rates of atrazine.
Influence of Fungicides, Herbicides and Combinations on Emergence and Seedling Growth of Cotton1
Authors: Kappelman A. J. , Buchanan G. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe effect of selected fungicides, herbicides, and fungicide‐herbicide combinations on emergence and seedling growth of cotton was studied on four soils in the greenhouse. Herbicides used as preplant, preemergence, and postemergence treatments all reduced seedling growth. Soil fungicides increased emergence and early growth of cotton plants; however, this increase was not evident in 7‐week‐old plants. Both emergence values and seedling growth were reduced by various pesticide combinations. Plants from plots treated with Lanstan and then treated preemergence with prometryne emerged faster than plants treated with other combinations. However, Lanstanfluometuron treated plants were taller at 2 weeks than plants receiving other treatment combinations. Interactions were also measured between soils and all chemicals.
Influence of Placement on Uptake of Tagged Nitrogen by Rice1
Authors: Broadbent F. E. , Mikkelsen D. S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe placement of two N‐15 tagged fertilizer sources applied to lowland rice was studied to determine the effects on yield components, fertilizer N uptake and the residual N present after cropping. Tiller number and bearing tillers were increased by fertilization, but the source and placement had no effect. Grain yield was increased by N fertilization with ammonium sulfate and urea but was not affected by source. Broadcast applications gave lower yields than other treatments while the highest yields were obtained with half the N placed in the soil and the balance top‐dressed. Fertilizer N in the Y‐leaf and total plant uptake showed the superiority of banding with variations in total N uptake varying from 26 to 47%. Ammonium sulfate provided a larger increment of N to grain production than urea and also showed a lower magnitude of N loss from the soil‐plant system.
Critical Plant Nutrient Composition Values Useful in Interpreting Plant Analysis Data1
Authors: Melsted S. W. , Motto H. L. , Peck T. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPlant analyses can be a powerful tool in the diagnosis of yield depressions. Critical plant composition data for corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa are presented which can be useful in interpreting plant analyses. Data are also presented to indicate “normal” variations that may be expected to occur in plant composition resulting from variations in varieties, seasons and soil. For the corn plant, the nutrient composition of some elements change with the leaf sampled and the maturity of the plant.
Relationship of Corn Silage Yields to Maturity1
Authors: Rutger J. N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTen years of corn silage yield trials were used to calculate regressions of fresh silage and silage dry matter yields on maturity. Fresh silage yields of late hybrids were considerably higher than those of early hybrids. However, dry matter yields of the early hybrids were nearly as high as those of the late entries. Thus harvest and storage costs per unit of dry matter production would be higher for the late hybrids. Greater dry matter storage losses also would be expected from silage made from the late hybrids. Finally, silage made from early hybrids has a higher feeding value, primarily because an animal can consume more pounds of dry matter per day of dry silage than of wet. For these reasons, in areas where early maturity is a major consideration it is suggested that hybrids used for silage should be fully as early as the best adapted grain hybrids for that region.
Seed Drying and Viability in Dallisgrass1
Authors: Bennett Hugh W. , Marchbanks W. W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDallisgrass seed was harvested 14, 21, and 28 days after the peak of flowering. They were then dried for 8, 16, 24, 36, and 72 hours, at temperatures of 38, 43, 49, 54, and 60 C (100, 110, 120, 130, and 140 F). These seed and their enclosing glumes contained over 35% moisture which dropped rapidly thereafter. A very rapid loss of moisture occurred at each of the five temperatures used for the first 8‐hour drying period.The viability of mature seed from all harvests was good when dried at all temperatures. Lower germination of seed harvested 14 days after flowering was due to the presence of immature embryos.Seed dried at 60 C germinated equal to or better than seed of the same maturity dried at 38 C. This suggests that drying at high temperatures may stimulate the germination of dallisgrass seed.Revisions in time and method of harvesting dallisgrass seed are suggested from the results of seed drying as well as the rate of importance of seed shattering.