bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long working hours and symptoms of anxiety and depression: a 5-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study
Authors: Virtanen M. , Ferrie J. E. , Singh-Manoux A. , Shipley M. J. , Stansfeld S. A. , Marmot M. G. , Ahola K. , Vahtera J. , Kivimäki M. 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundAlthough long working hours are common in working populations, little is known about the effect of long working hours on mental health.MethodWe examined the association between long working hours and the onset of depressive and anxiety symptoms in middle-aged employees. Participants were 2960 full-time employees aged 44 to 66 years (2248 men, 712 women) from the prospective Whitehall II cohort study of British civil servants. Working hours, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and covariates were measured at baseline (1997–1999) followed by two subsequent measurements of depressive and anxiety symptoms (2001 and 2002–2004).ResultsIn a prospective analysis of participants with no depressive (n=2549) or anxiety symptoms (n=2618) at baseline, Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusted for baseline covariates showed a 1.66-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.61] risk of depressive symptoms and a 1.74-fold (95% CI 1.15–2.61) risk of anxiety symptoms among employees working more than 55 h/week compared with employees working 35–40 h/week. Sex-stratified analysis showed an excess risk of depression and anxiety associated with long working hours among women [hazard ratios (HRs) 2.67 (95% CI 1.07–6.68) and 2.84 (95% CI 1.27–6.34) respectively] but not men [1.30 (0.77–2.19) and 1.43 (0.89–2.30)].ConclusionsWorking long hours is a risk factor for the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms in women.
Cryptic species, biogeographic complexity and the evolutionary history of theEctemnorhinusgroup in the sub-Antarctic, including a description ofBothrometopus huntleyi, n. sp.
Authors: Grobler G.C. , Bastos A.D.S. , Treasure A.M. , Chown S.L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe biogeography of the South Indian Ocean Province (SIP) biotas has long been controversial. Much of the discussion has been based on interpretation of species distributions, based on morphological or anatomical delimitations. However, molecular phylogenetic approaches elsewhere have recently shown that interpretations based solely on morphological data may be misleading. Nonetheless, few studies have employed molecular phylogenetic approaches to understand the biogeography of the SIP biotas. We do so here for theEctemnorhinusgroup of genera, a monophyletic unit of weevils endemic to the region. We use mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I DNA sequence data to reconstruct relationships among 13 species and 22 populations in the generaPalirhoeus,BothrometopusandEctemnorhinus. On the basis of this analysis we find little support for separating the genusPalirhoeusfromBothrometopus, and little support for the morphologically-based species groups currently recognized withinBothrometopus. Using a molecular clock we show that dispersal among islands probably took place against the prevailing wind direction. These data also support a previous hypothesis of radiation of the epilithic generaBothrometopusandPalirhoeusduring the Pliocene/early Pleistocene, but reject the hypothesis that the genusEctemnorhinusradiated following the last glacial maximum. We show thatBothrometopus parvulus(C.O. Waterhouse) on the Prince Edward Islands comprises two species that are not sister taxa. We name the second speciesBothrometopus huntleyin. sp. and provide a description thereof.
Look how far we have come
Authors: CLAGUE CHRISTOPHER 
Published: February 2011

Abstract:Economics has changed enormously since Professor Ha-Joon Chang burst onto the scene in the early 1990s. His critiques of mainstream economics are far more applicable to the discipline at that time than they are now. Whatever the shortcomings of the current literature on institutions and development, progress is not being held back by conceptual blinders imposed by economic orthodoxy. Game theory and behavioral economics have enriched the menu of models acceptable in the professional journals. More important, empirical standards have greatly advanced. Behavioral models are being confronted with computerized games and even with in-the-field experiments, especially in poor countries where recruiting experimental subjects is cheaper. The recent literature does not merely undermine traditional assumptions; it offers parsimonious interpretations that help us to understand the economy and the polity better than before.
Quantum dynamics of hydrogen interacting with single-walled carbon nanotubes: Multiple H-atom adsorbates
Authors: McAfee Jason L. , Poirier Bill 
Published: February 2011

In a previous paper [J. L. McAfee and B. Poirier, J. Chem. Phys. 130, 064701 (2009)], using spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT), the authors reported a binding energy of 0.755 eV, for a single hydrogen atom adsorbed on a pristine (unrelaxed) (5,5) single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) substrate. A full three-dimensional (3D) potential energy surface (PES) for the SWNT–H system was also developed, and used in a quantum dynamics calculation to compute all rovibrational bound states, and associated equatorial and longitudinal adsorbate migration rates. A highly pronounced preference for the latter migration pathway at ambient temperatures was observed. In this work, we extend the aforementioned study to include multiple H-atom adsorbates. Extensive DFT calculations are performed, in order to ascertain the most relevant dynamical pathways. For two adsorbates, the SWNT–H–H system is found to exhibit highly site-specific binding, as well as long-range correlation and pronounced binding energy enhancement. The latter effect is even more pronounced in the full-hydrogenation limit, increasing the per-adsorbate binding energy to 2.6 eV. To study migration dynamics, a single-hole model is developed, for which the binding energy drops to 2.11 eV. A global 3D PES is developed for the hole migration model, using 40 radial × 18 cylindrical ab initio geometries, fit to a Fourier basis with radially dependent expansion coefficients (rms error 4.9 meV). As compared with the single-adsorbate case, the hole migration PES does not exhibit separate chemisorption and physisorption wells. The barrier to longitudinal migration is also found to be much lower. Quantum dynamics calculations for all rovibrational states are then performed (using a mixed spectral basis/phase-space optimized discrete variable representation), and used to compute longitudinal migration rates. Ramifications for the use of SWNTs as potential hydrogen storage materials are discussed.
Sensitive gene fusion detection using ambiguously mapping RNA-Seq read pairs
Authors: Kinsella Marcus , Harismendy Olivier , Nakano Masakazu , Frazer Kelly A. , Bafna Vineet 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Paired-end whole transcriptome sequencing provides evidence for fusion transcripts. However, due to the repetitiveness of the transcriptome, many reads have multiple high-quality mappings. Previous methods to find gene fusions either ignored these reads or required additional longer single reads. This can obscure up to 30% of fusions and unnecessarily discards much of the data.
Results: We present a method for using paired-end reads to find fusion transcripts without requiring unique mappings or additional single read sequencing. Using simulated data and data from tumors and cell lines, we show that our method can find fusions with ambiguously mapping read pairs without generating numerous spurious fusions from the many mapping locations.
Availability: A C++ and Python implementation of the method demonstrated in this article is available at http://exon.ucsd.edu/ShortFuse.
Contact: mckinsel@ucsd.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Laboratory Milling Method for Whole Grain Soft Wheat Flour Evaluation
Authors: Guttieri Mary J. , Souza Edward J. , Sneller Clay 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTWhole grain wheat products are a growing portion of the foods marketed in North America, yet few standard methods exist to evaluate whole grain wheat flour. This study evaluated two flour milling systems to produce whole grain soft wheat flour for a wire‐cut cookie, a standard soft wheat product. A short‐flow experimental milling system combined with bran grinding in a Quadro Comil produced a whole grain soft wheat flour that made larger diameter wire‐cut cookies than whole grain flour from a long‐flow experimental milling system. Average cookie diameter of samples milled on the short‐flow mill was greater than samples milled on the long‐flow system by 1 cm/two cookies (standard error 0.09 cm). The long‐flow milling system resulted in more starch damage in the flour milling than did the short‐flow system. The short‐flow milling system produced flours that were useful for discriminating among wheat cultivars and is an accessible tool for evaluating whole grain soft wheat quality.
Starch Damage and Pasting Properties of Rice Flours Produced by Dry Jet Grinding
Authors: Hossen Md. Sharif , Sotome Itaru , Takenaka Makiko , Isobe Seiichiro , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Okadome Hiroshi 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTMilling method and particle size affect some properties of rice flour. To prepare ultra‐fine rice flour of <30 μm, hammer and dry jet grinding methods were examined and the effect of particle size on starch damage and pasting properties of the flour were elucidated. A jet mill could make finer flour (<10 μm mean size) with a narrower particle size distribution than a hammer mill could. Starch damage increased dramatically at a mean size of <10 μm. Particles of a similar size (<60 μm) had different levels of starch damage between mills. Not only the particle size, but also the milling method affected the level of damaged starch. Flour samples of ≥45 μm mean size had similar viscosity curves, but samples of <20 μm had different curves. Peak viscosity and final viscosity decreased sharply at <10 μm. Setback viscosity for particles of 3 μm from both brown rice and white rice were higher than the peak viscosity. Stability to heat and shearing stress were decreased for <20 μm flours as the breakdown viscosities decreased. Starch damage and pasting properties of flour ground from the nonwaxy japonica cultivar Koshihikari changed dramatically at a mean size of <10 μm.
Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Air‐Classified Corn Bran
Authors: Inglett George E. , Chen Diejun 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of extracting free and bound phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities from air‐classified corn bran was evaluated by various extracting methods. Free phenolic contents and antioxidant activities decreased significantly with increasing particle sizes for all methods used in the study. Also, the oil, protein, and ash contents were noticeably decreased with increasing particle sizes. By contrast, bound phenolic content and antioxidant activities increased with increasing particle sizes. Free phenolic contents were much lower than those of bound phenolic contents for the same fraction. The free antioxidant activities were similar to bound antioxidant activities for the same fraction. It suggests that some phenolic compounds may not exhibit antioxidant activity, and some antioxidant activities were not extractable or released during alkaline extraction. Considerable higher free antioxidant activities were found in both direct and double extractions when compared to the single neutral extraction using samples <30 μm. Similar free antioxidant activities were observed for directed extraction and double extraction. For corn bran fractions, the direct method may be suitable for free phenolic content and antioxidant activity, while the sequential method may be proper for bound phenolic content and antioxidant activity.
Composition and Regiodistribution of Fatty Acids in Triacylglycerols and Phospholipids from Red and Black Rices
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Yoshida Naoko , Tomiyama Yuka , Mizushina Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTRegiospecific profiles of fatty acids (FA) of triacylglycerols (TAG) and phospholipids (PL) isolated from red and black rices were investigated. The lipids extracted from red and black rices were separated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) into eight subfractions, respectively. With a few exceptions, the major lipid components were TAG (76.4–80.5%), free FA (7.2–9.8%), and phospholipids (3.5–3.6%), while hydrocarbons, steryl esters, diacylglycerols (1,3‐DAG and 1,2‐DAG), and monoacylglycerols were present in minor proportions (0.1–4.1%). The PL components isolated from the two cultivars were phosphatidyl choline (52.3–53.7%), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (22.3–23.1%), phosphatidyl inositol (20.6–21.3%), and others (<3.4%). No significant differences (P < 0.05) in FA distribution were found when these cultivars were compared. The principal characteristics of the FA distribution in the TAG and PL were evident in the rices between the two cultivars: unsaturated FA were predominantly located at the sn‐2 position (77.3–96.8%), while saturated FA primary occupied the sn‐1 or the sn‐3 position (35.0–78.7%) in these lipids. The results of this study could provide useful information to both consumers and producers during manufacture of traditional rice foods in Japan.
Delaying Blood Transfusion in Experimental Acute Anemia with a Perfluorocarbon Emulsion
Authors: Cabrales Pedro , Carlos Briceño Juan 
Published: February 2011

Background
To avoid unnecessary blood transfusions, physiologic transfusion triggers, rather than exclusively hemoglobin-based transfusion triggers, have been suggested. The objective of this study was to determine systemic and microvascular effects of using a perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carrier (PFCOC) to maintain perfusion and oxygenation during extreme anemia.

Methods
The hamster (weight, 55-65 g) window chamber model was used. Two isovolemic hemodilution steps were performed using hydroxyethyl starch, 10%, at normoxic conditions to a hematocrit of 19% (hemoglobin, 5.5 g/dl), the point at which the transfusion trigger was reached. Two additional hemodilution exchanges using the PFCOC (Oxycyte) and increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen to 1.0 were performed to reduce the hematocrit to 11% (hemoglobin, 3.8 g/dl) and 6% (hemoglobin, 2.0 g/dl), respectively. No control group was used in the study because this concentration of hemodilution is lethal with conventional plasma expanders. Systemic parameters, microvascular perfusion, functional capillary density, and oxygen tensions across the microvascular network were measured.

Results
At 6% hematocrit, the PFCOC maintained mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption. As hematocrit was decreased from 11% to 6%, functional capillary density, calculated microvascular oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption decreased; and the oxygen extraction ratio was close to 100%. Peripheral tissue oxygenation was not predicted by systemic oxygenation.

Conclusions
The PFCOC, in conjunction with hyperoxia, was able to sustain organ function and partially provide systemic oxygenation during extreme anemia during the observation period. The PFCOC can work as a bridge until erythrocytes are available for transfusion or when additional oxygen is required, despite the possible limitations in peripheral tissue oxygenation.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients Operated with the Symmetry Proximal Connector Device
Authors: Bergsland Jacob , Hol Per Kristian , Lingaas Per Snorre , Lundblad Runar , Rein Kjell Arne , Fosse Erik 
Published: February 2011

Objective The Symmetry proximal connector device was introduced as a facilitator for construction of proximal anastomosis in coronary bypass surgery. Use of the connector made it unnecessary to clamp the ascending aorta. Early results were promising, but a controlled study performed in our center demonstrated poor angiographic patency of saphenous veins attached with the connector. The objective of this study was to investigate long-term clinical results in patients operated with connector or traditional suture technique. Methods At a minimum of 5 years after surgery, medical records of 46 patients who had undergone off-pump coronary bypass with Symmetry (n = 23) or traditional suture (n = 23) were examined, and the patients were interviewed personally by phone. Patients were asked about the presence of angina pectoris, hospital admission for cardiac conditions, or the need for new interventions. The Norwegian population registry was used to document survival status. Results Two control patients and five Symmetry patients died during the observation period (P = 0.414). Seven Symmetry and one control patient required reintervention (P = 0.015). Of the patients who were interviewed, 8 of 19 Symmetry patients suffered from angina and none of 20 control patients (P = 0.003). Conclusions Patients who were operated with the Symmetry connector device have a high chance of having cardiac ischemia in the intermediate to long term after surgery, despite of relatively frequent reintervention. Patients operated with this connector requires close clinical follow-up.
Production of Viable Gametes without Meiosis in Maize Deficient for an ARGONAUTE Protein
Authors: Singh Manjit , Goel Shalendra , Meeley Robert B. , Dantec Christelle , Parrinello Hugues , Michaud Caroline , Leblanc Olivier , Grimanelli Daniel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractApomixis is a form of asexual reproduction through seeds in angiosperms. Apomictic plants bypass meiosis and fertilization, developing offspring that are genetically identical to their mother. In a genetic screen for maize (Zea mays) mutants mimicking aspects of apomixis, we identified a dominant mutation resulting in the formation of functional unreduced gametes. The mutant shows defects in chromatin condensation during meiosis and subsequent failure to segregate chromosomes. The mutated locus codes for AGO104, a member of the ARGONAUTE family of proteins. AGO104 accumulates specifically in somatic cells surrounding the female meiocyte, suggesting a mobile signal rather than cell-autonomous control. AGO104 is necessary for non-CG methylation of centromeric and knob-repeat DNA. Digital gene expression tag profiling experiments using high-throughput sequencing show that AGO104 influences the transcription of many targets in the ovaries, with a strong effect on centromeric repeats. AGO104 is related to Arabidopsis thaliana AGO9, but while AGO9 acts to repress germ cell fate in somatic tissues, AGO104 acts to repress somatic fate in germ cells. Our findings show that female germ cell development in maize is dependent upon conserved small RNA pathways acting non-cell-autonomously in the ovule. Interfering with this repression leads to apomixis-like phenotypes in maize.
Oxidative DNA Damage Bypass in Arabidopsis thaliana Requires DNA Polymerase λ and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen 2
Authors: Amoroso Alessandra , Concia Lorenzo , Maggio Caterina , Raynaud Cécile , Bergounioux Catherine , Crespan Emmanuele , Cella Rino , Maga Giovanni 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
The oxidized base 7,8-oxoguanine (8-oxo-G) is the most common DNA lesion generated by reactive oxygen species. This lesion is highly mutagenic due to the frequent misincorporation of A opposite 8-oxo-G during DNA replication. In mammalian cells, the DNA polymerase (pol) family X enzyme DNA pol λ catalyzes the correct incorporation of C opposite 8-oxo-G, together with the auxiliary factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana DNA pol λ, the only member of the X family in plants, is as efficient in performing error-free translesion synthesis past 8-oxo-G as its mammalian homolog. Arabidopsis, in contrast with animal cells, possesses two genes for PCNA. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we observed that PCNA2, but not PCNA1, physically interacts with DNA pol λ, enhancing its fidelity and efficiency in translesion synthesis. The levels of DNA pol λ in transgenic plantlets characterized by overexpression or silencing of Arabidopsis POLL correlate with the ability of cell extracts to perform error-free translesion synthesis. The important role of DNA pol λ is corroborated by the observation that the promoter of POLL is activated by UV and that both overexpressing and silenced plants show altered growth phenotypes.
Mutation of RiceBC12/GDD1, Which Encodes a Kinesin-Like Protein That Binds to a GA Biosynthesis Gene Promoter, Leads to Dwarfism with Impaired Cell Elongation
Authors: Li Juan , Jiang Jiafu , Qian Qian , Xu Yunyuan , Zhang Cui , Xiao Jun , Du Cheng , Luo Wei , Zou Guoxing , Chen Mingluan , Huang Yunqing , Feng Yuqi , Cheng Zhukuan , Yuan Ming , Chong Kang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe kinesins are a family of microtubule-based motor proteins that move directionally along microtubules and are involved in many crucial cellular processes, including cell elongation in plants. Less is known about kinesins directly regulating gene transcription to affect cellular physiological processes. Here, we describe a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, gibberellin -deficient dwarf1 (gdd1), that has a phenotype of greatly reduced length of root, stems, spikes, and seeds. This reduced length is due to decreased cell elongation and can be rescued by exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment. GDD1 was cloned by a map-based approach, was expressed constitutively, and was found to encode the kinesin-like protein BRITTLE CULM12 (BC12). Microtubule cosedimentation assays revealed that BC12/GDD1 bound to microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Whole-genome microarray analysis revealed the expression of ent-kaurene oxidase (KO2), which encodes an enzyme involved in GA biosynthesis, was downregulated in gdd1. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that GDD1 bound to the element ACCAACTTGAA in the KO2 promoter. In addition, GDD1 was shown to have transactivation activity. The level of endogenous GAs was reduced in gdd1, and the reorganization of cortical microtubules was altered. Therefore, BC12/GDD1, a kinesin-like protein with transcription regulation activity, mediates cell elongation by regulating the GA biosynthesis pathway in rice.