bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of silicon carbide nanowires to sediment-dwelling invertebrates in water or sediment exposures
Authors: Mwangi Joseph N , Wang Ning , Ritts Andrew , Kunz James L , Ingersoll Christopher G , Li Hao , Deng Baolin 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNW) are insoluble in water. When released into an aquatic environment, SiCNW would likely accumulate in sediment. The objective of this study was to assess the toxicity of SiCNW to four freshwater sediment-dwelling organisms: amphipods (Hyalella azteca), midges (Chironomus dilutus), oligochaetes (Lumbriculus variegatus), and mussels (Lampsilis siliquoidea). Amphipods were exposed to either sonicated or nonsonicated SiCNW in water (1.0 g/L) for 48 h. Midges, mussels, and oligochaetes were exposed only to sonicated SiCNW in water for 96 h. In addition, amphipods were exposed to sonicated SiCNW in whole sediment for 10 d (44% SiCNW on dry wt basis). Mean 48-h survival of amphipods exposed to nonsonicated SiCNW in water was not significantly different from the control, whereas mean survival of amphipods exposed to sonicated SiCNW in two 48-h exposures (0 or 15% survival) was significantly different from the control (90 or 98% survival). In contrast, no effect of sonicated SiCNW was observed on survival of midges, mussels, or oligochaetes. Survival of amphipods was not significantly reduced in 10-d exposures to sonicated SiCNW either mixed in the sediment or layered on the sediment surface. However, significant reduction in amphipod biomass was observed with the SiCNW either mixed in sediment or layered on the sediment surface, and the reduction was more pronounced for SiCNW layered on the sediment. These results indicated that, under the experimental conditions, nonsonicated SiCNW in water were not acutely toxic to amphipods, sonicated SiCNW in water were acutely toxic to the amphipods, but not to other organisms tested, and sonicated SiCNW in sediment affected the growth but not the survival of amphipods. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:981–987. © 2010 SETAC
Changes in agglomeration of fullerenes during ingestion and excretion in Thamnocephalus platyurus
Authors: Patra Manomita , Ma Xin , Isaacson Carl , Bouchard Dermont , Poynton Helen , Lazorchak James M , Rogers Kim R 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus was exposed to aqueous suspensions of fullerenes C60 and C70. Aqueous fullerene suspensions were formed by stirring C60 and C70 as received from a commercial vendor in deionized water (termed aqu/C60 and aqu/C70) for approximately 100 d. The Z-average (mean hydrodynamic) diameters of aqu/C60 and aqu/C70 aggregates as measured by dynamic light scattering were 517 ± 21 nm and 656 ± 39 nm (mean ± 95% confidence limit), respectively. Exposure of T. platyurus to fullerene suspensions resulted in the formation of dark masses in the digestive track visible under a stereo microscope (×40 magnification). Fullerene ingestion over 1 h of exposure was quantitatively determined after extraction and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). One-hour exposures (at 3 mg/L and 6 mg/L) resulted in aqu/C60 burdens of 2.7 ± 0.4 µg/mg and 6.8 ± 1.5 µg/mg wet weight, respectively. Thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of aqu/C60-exposed T. platyurus showed the formation in the gut of fullerene agglomerates (5–10 µm) that were an order of magnitude larger than the suspended fullerene agglomerates. Upon excretion, the observed fullerene agglomerates were in the 10- to 70-µm size range and settled to the bottom of the incubation wells. In contrast to the control polystyrene microspheres, which dispersed after depuration, the aqu/C60 agglomerates (greater than two orders of magnitude larger than the suspended fullerenes) remained agglomerated for up to six months. When exposed to fullerenes, T. platyurus shows the potential to influence agglomerate size and may facilitate movement of these nanoparticles from the water column into sediment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011; 30:828–835. © 2010 SETAC
Scolochloa marchica sp. nova (poaceae), ein neues röhrichtgras aus mitteleuropa: Mit einer karte, 4 abbildungen und einer tabelle
Authors: Düvel M. , Ristow M. , Scholz H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractScolochloa marchica sp. nova, a new reed‐like grass from Central EuropeIn 1998 and 1999 a new species of the genus Scolochloa, so far regarded as monotypic, was detected in E Central Europe and is here described and illustrated as S. marchica. It markedly differs from S. festucacea in spikelet and flower morphology, features of leaf‐blade and in chromosome number (2n = 42, hexaploid, in contrast to S. festucacea, 2n = 28). As at present known this new species today occurs on three distant localities in the German Federal State of Brandenburg, from there the swampy habitats and communities of the populations are shortly characterised. Other localities and collections dated to 1867, 1878 (Brandenburg) and 1896 (Berlin). One old specimen (without date) comes from the Island of Wollin (Wolin) (NW Poland). All the stands of S. marchica are situated at the outermost western border of the European part of the disjunct Central N American‐N Eurasiatic distribution area of S. festucacea. A supplement lists all the S. festucacea specimens studied, inclusive the Berlin type specimen of the name (B).
Aromatic compounds in some species of leucas r.br. (labiatae): with 2 tables (Labiatae)
Authors: Singh T. P. , Kamat M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMonoterpenoids were principal compounds found in leaves and inflorescences of four species of Leucas R.BR, of the aromatic family Labiatae (or Lamia‐ceae). Leaves of three species of the genus, namely L. aspera SPRENG., L. lavandulifolia REES and L. stricta BENTH., contained greater number of monoterpenoids than their inflorescences. The different physiological states of the leaves and the inflorescences were suggested to be the reasons behind this difference in contents. The species L. cephalotes (ROTH) SPRENG., however, possessed higher number of terpenoids in the inflorescence than in its leaves. The green and leafy nature of bracts around flowers of this species was thought to be one of its causes.In all the four species, altogether nine terpenoids were recorded, of which acylic monoterpenoids (citral, citronellal linalool and linalyl acetate) were higher in number than monocyclic (α‐terpineol and thymol) and bicyclic (α‐β‐thujone and borneol) ones. The only triterpenoid identified was ß‐sitosterol. The genus Leucas was considered primitive because of its preference for the simplest type of monoterpenoids, that is, acyclic ones.Terpenoids of the genus were investigated for the first time.Linalool, an acyclic monoterpenoid, was thought to be the initial compound from which other monoterpenoids might have been derived.The three species contained either α‐β‐thujone or borneol, except L. stricta which lacked both. On the basis of the findings, the following genetic constitutions, in respect to the two compounds, were suggested for the species: L. aspera ‐ Thu+ Bor−, L. lavandulifolia and L. cephalotes ‐ Thu− Bor+ and L. stricta ‐ Thu− Bor−. A cross between species Thu+ Bor− and Thu− Bor+, leading to a progeny with an expected genetic constitution Thu+ Bor+, may throw light on the behaviour of genes responsible for the two compounds.Since α‐β‐thujone is chemically a simpler terpenoid than borneol, the species containing the former was considered to be evolutionarily primitive and the ones containing the latter a bit advanced. Camphor and 1,8‐cineole were absent from all the four species. In α‐terpineol containing species of Leucas gene/s responsible for α‐terpineol → 1,8‐cineole isomerization reaction was thought to be altogether absent.An aromatic phenol, eugenol, was observed in the leaves of only two species, L. aspera and L. stricta. The genus was suggested to posses synthetic pathways both for terpenoid and phenol.
Research on the spreading of cuscuta l. (convolvulaceae) in the county of sibiu, romania: With 2 figures and 2 tables
Authors: Tanase M. , Oprean L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe occurrence of Cuscuta L. species in the county of Sibiu has been studied during the years 1995–1999. For the seven Cuscuta species found in the area 64 new host plants have been identified.Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung von Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae) in der Provinz Sibiu, RumänienDas Vorkommen von Arten der Gattung Cuscuta L. in der Provinz Sibiu wurde in den Jahren 1995–1999 untersucht. Für die sieben nachgewiesenen Arten wurden 64 neue Wirtspflanzen bestimmt.
Beitrag zur systematischen Stellung der ausgestorbenen Koniferengattung Doliostrobus MARION nach holzanatomischen Gesichtspunkten
Authors: Rüffle L. , Süss H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractContribution to the systematic position of the extinct coniferous genus Doliostrobus MARION to wood anatomical point of viewThe wood anatomy of the genus Doliostrobus MARION of the Eocene Geiseltal is described. This genus is demarcated from all fossil and extant coniferous groups because of the combination of features “bordered pits abietoid, cells one‐storied rays important higher than middle standing cells more‐storied rays, and pits in the cross‐field doliostroboid”. Doliostrobus extinct without involvement as to evolution of the modern types.
Neue untersuchungen an cunninghamites oxycedrus presl in Sternberg 1838
Authors: Kunzmann L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHistorisches und neueres Material der kretazischen Konifere Cunninghamites oxycedrus PRESL in STERNBERG emend, von Niederschöna bei Freiberg, Sachsen, Deutschland (Cenoman) wurde untersucht, dabei kann erstmals die Nadelepidermis beschrieben werden. C. oxycedrus wird als eigenständige Art betrachtet, die auf morphologischen und anatomischen Merkmalen steriler Nadelzweige fußt. Samenzapfen von C. oxycedrus sind bislang unbekannt. Probleme der Abgrenzung zu C. lignitum (STERNBERG) KVAČEK und C. squamosus HEER werden diskutiert.
On the “reduction” of terminal bud in seedlings of some papilionoid legumes
Authors: Tsutsupa T. A. , Barykina R. P. , Kramina T. E. , Sokoloff D. D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMorphological and anatomical structure of seeds and seedlings of Securigera securidaca (L.) DEGEN. & DOERFL. and several other members of Loteae tribe [Ornilhopus sativus BROT., Lotus tetragonolobus L., Tripodion tetraphyllum (L.) FOURR. and Hymenocarpos circinnatus (L.) SAVI] was studied.Development of the plumule, cotyledons, shoots system and main root of the seedlings are described with special attention to the vascular system. In cotyledonary axils, serial buds early appear and develop that makes identification of the main shoot rather difficult. However, the apical bud and normally developed main shoot were found in all examined species. DORMER'S (1945) idea on the reduction of the main bud and COMPTON'S (1912) supposition on extra‐axillary branching of epicotyl into equivalent shoots were disproved.
Flechten und Moose im Gebiet des Bolschoi Tchatsch (NW‐Kaukasus) — eine erste Übersicht, ergänzt durch einige von D. Benkert bestimmte Pezizales
Authors: Otte V. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLichens and Bryophytes from the Bolshoy Thkach region (NW Caucasus) — a first surveyLichens and Bryophytes from the Bolshoy Tkhach region (NW Caucasus) are listed on the base of investigations during three excursions in 1997, 1998 and 1999 completed by some Pezizales, identified by D. BENKERT. Floristic character is quite European. Because of the presence of virgin forests in an unpolluted environment, an anthropogenously unaffected cryptogamic vegetation of European type can be studied here, which has disappeared from large regions in Europe.
Die Pflanzen des Elsholtz‐Florilegiums 165911660
Authors: Krausch H.‐D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe plants of the Elsholtz‐Florilegium 165911660This paper reviews the fragmentary Elsholtz‐Florilegium of 1659/1660. Its 45 species and infraspecific tribes of garden‐plants were represented and discussed individually.
Tapentadol: a novel analgesic for treating moderate to severe pain
Authors: Dickenson Anthony 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPain management in primary care relies on a combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments. Opioid analgesics are widely employed but long‐term use can lead to side‐effects and issues including drug tolerance. In this article, Anthony Dickenson considers tapentadol, the first in a new class of centrally acting analgesics with two mechanisms of action in a single molecule and the promise of fewer sideeffects than pure opioid agonists.
CCND1 amplification and protein overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma of young patients
Authors: Kaminagakura Estela , Werneck da Cunha Isabela , Soares Fernando Augusto , Nishimoto Inês Nobuko , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of CCND1 amplification and protein overexpression with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes in patients younger than 41 years old with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsEighty‐six young patients with oral SCC were evaluated using the tissue microarray technique, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). These cases were compared with 116 patients with oral cancer aged over 50 years old (controls).ResultsCyclin D1 overexpression was observed in 47.7% of tumors in the young group and in 32.8% of controls (p = .03). In the young group, CCND1 amplification and overexpression were higher than in the control patients and the differences were statistically significant. In the young group, protein overexpression correlated with diminished disease‐free survival (DFS), whereas in the control patients, cyclin D1 overexpression correlated with diminished DFS and overall survival (OS).ConclusionIn both groups, amplification had no influence on prognosis. Protein overexpression was an indicator of worse DFS in both groups. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Decreased interactions in protein kinase A–Glucocorticoid receptor signaling in the hippocampus after selective removal of the basal forebrain cholinergic input
Authors: Lim Chol Seung , Kim Youn Jung , Hwang Yoo Kyeong , Bañuelos Christina , Bizon Jennifer L. , Han Jung‐Soo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractRemoval of thecholinergic innervation to the hippocampus via selective immunolesions of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons induces dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis and decreases glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA. This study examined whether removal of the cholinergic innervation decreased GR protein levels and induced changes in the interaction between GR and the cytoplasmic catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKAc) in the hippocampus. In lesioned animals, GR protein levels were markedly decreased in the nucleus, but not in the cytosol of hippocampal neurons, whereas mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) levels remained unchanged in both the nucleus and cytosol. PKAc levels did not differ between lesioned and control groups, but PKAc activity was reduced in lesion tissue compared with the controls. The interaction between GR and PKAc was also decreased in the hippocampus without cholinergic input. These results indicate that degeneration of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons leads to reduced PKAc activity in the hippocampus which, in turn, alters GR signaling. The altered GR signaling induced by the degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons may contribute to dysfunction of the HPA axis in aged animals and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and lead to neuropsychiatric symptoms that occur throughout the course of AD. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Seven New Lignan Esters from Kadsura philippinensis
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Lin Yu‐Chi , Taha Khalil Ashraf , Liou Shorong‐Shii , Lee Guo‐Chi , Kuo Yao‐Haur , Shen Ya‐Ching 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFive new oxygenated lignans with a dibenzocyclooctadiene skeleton, kadsuphilols P–T (1–5), and two new C19 homolignans, kadsuphilols U and V (6 and 7), were isolated by chromatographic fractionation of an AcOEt extract of the stems of Kadsura philippinensis. The structures of the isolated metabolites were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis including HR‐ESI‐MS and 2D‐NMR (HMQC, COSY, and HMBC). The configuration at the chiral centers and at the biphenyl moiety were determined by interpretation of NOESY and CD data, respectively.
Evidences that the polymorphism Pro‐282‐Ala within the tumor suppressor gene WWOX is a new risk factor for differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Cancemi Lisa , Romei Cristina , Bertocchi Sara , Tarrini Giulia , Spitaleri Irene , Cipollini Monica , Landi Debora , Garritano Sonia , Pellegrini Giovanni , Cristaudo Alfonso , Pinchera Aldo , Barale Roberto , Elisei Rossella , Landi Stefano , Gemignani Federica 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report a hypothesis‐driven study aimed to detect genetic markers of susceptibility to differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC). A large number of candidate genes were first selected through literature search (genome‐wide studies were also included). To restrict the analysis to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a high likelihood to be associated with increased risk, each SNP must comply with several a priori hypotheses. Only one SNP, the rs3764340 encoding for the aminoacidic substitution proline‐to‐alanine at codon 282 of the tumor suppressor gene WWOX, passed the selection. A case–control association study was carried out, involving a total of 1,741 cases and 1,042 controls. The logistic regression analysis revealed an increased risk of DTC for the carriers of the G‐allele (crude odds ratio, OR = 1.53; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.18–1.99; p = 1.38 × 10−3). When we controlled for covariates, the adjusted OR was 1.48 with a 95% CI of 1.08–2.03 (p = 8.0 × 10−3). The association was confirmed after stratification for histology (for papillary thyroid carcinoma the adjusted OR was 1.43; 95% CI 1.02–2.00; p = 0.037), incident cases and smokers, but was also at the limit of statistical significance in all the other categories considered. In silico analyses showed that when alanine substitutes proline, subtle changes of the proteic structure can be predicted. These findings together with other observations from literature on human cancers and the fact that the proline at codon 282 is extremely conserved in phylogenetically distant organisms (including Drosophila) suggest that the variant allele‐282 could affect the biological function of WWOX, thereby predisposing individuals to thyroid cancer.
Knockdown of the β1 integrin subunit reduces primary tumor growth and inhibits pancreatic cancer metastasis
Authors: Grzesiak John J. , Cao Hop S. Tran , Burton Douglas W. , Kaushal Sharmeela , Vargas Fabian , Clopton Paul , Snyder Cynthia S. , Deftos Leonard J. , Hoffman Robert M. , Bouvet Michael 
Published: January 2011

AbstractTo address the role of β1 integrins in pancreatic cancer progression, we stably knocked down β1 integrin subunit expression in human FG‐RFP pancreatic cancer cells using lentiviral‐based RNA interference. We then examined the effects of β1 integrin subunit knockdown on pancreatic cancer cell adhesion, migration and proliferation on tumor microenvironment‐specific extracellular matrix proteins in vitro and on tumor progression in vivo using a clinically relevant fluorescent orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Knockdown of the β1 integrin subunit inhibited cell adhesion, migration and proliferation on types I and IV collagen, fibronectin and laminin in vitro. In vivo, knockdown of the β1 integrin subunit reduced primary tumor growth by 50% and completely inhibited spontaneously occurring metastasis. These observations indicate a critical role for the β1 integrin subunit in pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis in particular. Our results suggest the β1 integrin subunit as a therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, especially in the adjuvant setting to prevent metastasis of this highly aggressive cancer.
Bewegungen auf der Linken, Bewegungen auf der Rechten: Die Mobilisierung von zwei neuen Typen von sozialen Bewegungen in ihrem politischen Kontext
Authors: Kriesi Hanspeter 
Published: January 2011

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel befasst sich mit zwei neuen Typen von sozialen Bewegungen mit den sogenannten “neuen sozialen Bewegungen” und den neuen “national‐populistischen” Bewegungen. In einem ersten Schritt werden die unterschiedlichen strukturellen Potentiale dieser Bewegungen theoretisch diskutiert und, soweit möglich, empirisch illustriert. Ausgehend von der Idee, dass die überall in Westeuropa feststellbaren Potentiale für diese Bewegungen sich je nach politischem Kontext auf sehr unterschiedliche Weise manifestieren, wird anschliessend ihre Mobilisierung vergleichend analysiert. Dabei zeigt es sich, dass für beide Typen von Bewegungen die nationalen Konfliktstrukturen, die Machtkonfigurationen und Strategien der etablierten Linken bzw. der etablierten Rechten, sowie deren jeweilige Präsenz in der Regierung oder der Opposition auf je spezifische Weise einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Mobilisierung der allgemein strukturell gegebenen Potentiale ausüben.
From the Claim of Differences to the Construction of Social Homogeneity
Authors: De Lucas Javier 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss the (in)compatibility between democracy and ethic universalism on the one hand, and absolute respect of collective ethnic or national minority groups on the other. Ethic relativism will have to be acknowledged a consequence of cultural pluralism in light of the ethnocentric tendencies that loom behind the concept of universalism. In other words, I call for a discussion of a contradiction that lies at the heart of the democratic idea of representative government; namely, that universal franchise can co‐exist with citizenship and nationality as defined by the nation‐state project. I argue that the legal and political concepts of citizenship and nationality serve to seal the social systems in which they are embedded. In a world of “international migrations” that framework is no longer justifiable.
Isolierte Schweiz. Eine europa‐ und innenpolitische Lagebeurteilung
Authors: Riklin Alois 
Published: January 2011

ZusammenfassungDie Zukunft des Kleinstaates Schweiz wird in stärkerem Mass von der Aussenwelt bestimmt als von der eigenen Gestaltungskraft. Dementsprechend beginnt der Beitrag mit einer Lagebeurteilung Europas. Sodann folgt eine Lagebeurteilung der Schweiz. Die gegenwärtige Gesamtverfassung Europas lässt sich als verschlungenes Netzwerk von internationalen und supranationalen Organisationen beschreiben. Seit 1940 war die Schweiz niemals isoliert wie heute. Sie präsentiert sich als zersplitterte Nation ohne kollektive Aktionsfähigkeit. Handlungsbedarf besteht für die Schweiz vor allem gegenüber der Europäischen Union (EU). Je länger die Schweiz in der Position des Abwartens verharrt, desto mehr nähert sie sich einem scheinsouveränen Nachvollzugsland. Einerseits kritisiert der Autor die nationalistische Motivierung im aussenpolitischen Konzept des Bundesrates. Anderseits unterstützt er die darin verankerte strategische Zielsetzung des Beitritts zur EU. Kurzfristiges Herumwerfen des Steuers greift in der direkten Demokratie nicht. Der Stimmungsumschwung ist nur durch eine nachhaltige, jahrelange Überzeugungsarbeit erreichbar.