bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving The Child Protection System
Authors: Myers John E. B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Chapter 7 describes broad societal changes to reduce child maltreatment. Even if such changes are implemented, some abuse and neglect will occur, and this chapter makes specific recommendations to improve the existing child protection system. It critiques reform proposals by leading scholars on child protection including Duncan Lindsey, Leroy Pelton, and Elizabeth Bartholet. It addresses the lingering effects of racism on decision making in child protection. It argues that one of the primary weaknesses of today's child protection is that no single profession is clearly in charge of child protection. Claims to leadership are made by physicians, mental health professionals, lawyers, and social workers. The chapter asserts that social work must be at the helm, but that social work — particularly social work education — has abdicated its leadership role. It argues for a less adversarial child protection system. In a similar vein, it advocates changes to laws requiring professionals to report suspected maltreatment. It offers recommendations to strengthen foster care, including the new type of foster care called Temporary Permanent Attachment Care (TEPAC). The chapter ends with a controversial proposal to reinvigorate America's juvenile courts.
The Roots of Verbs in Prelinguistic Action Knowledge
Authors: Buresh Jennifer Sootsman , Woodward Amanda , Brune Camille W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter considers infants' prelinguistic action knowledge and how this knowledge might be recruited for verb learning. There are at least two ways in which action knowledge could contribute to verb learning. First, understanding the actions of others is critical for discerning their communicative intentions, and thus provides a foundation for all aspects of language learning not just verb learning. Second, infants' action knowledge must provide some of the initial elements of meaning which come to be conveyed in verbs. The chapter focuses on the second of these issues, since it is unique to verb learning.
Word, Intention, and Action: A Two-Tiered Model of Action Word Learning
Authors: Poulin-Dubois Diane , Forbes James N. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter examines how children's cognitive, social, and linguistic abilities interact to enable them to analyze action in events and learn novel verbs. It argues that “infants not only are competent in discriminating human actions and object motion but also understand that many different agents are capable of performing the same actions by the beginning of the second year.” However, these achievements are insufficient for verb learning and extension because toddlers must become aware of the intentions of the actor. Verb learning and extension first occur based on a superficial perceptual analysis of how the action looks, followed by learning and extension based more on what the actor intends to do.
A Unified Theory of Word Learning: Putting Verb Acquisition in Context
Authors: Maguire Mandy J. , Hirsh-Pasek Kathy , Golinkoff Roberta Michnick 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter expands a broad-based developmental theory of word learning (the emergentist coalition model [ECM]) to illuminate how children acquire language with a specific focus on verb acquisition. In so doing, it demonstrates how the theory of word learning originally developed for the understanding of noun learning can encompass the study of verbs. It also explains a persistent paradox in verb learning — why some verbs appear early even though the class of verbs is generally hard to master.
Who's the Subject? Sentence Structure and Verb Meaning
Authors: Fisher Cynthia , Song Hyun-joo 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter argues that once children can identify the subject of a multiargument sentence as structurally prominent, they could assign a default interpretation to sentences containing a novel verb by assuming that the subject referent plays a semantically prominent role in the conceptual relation named by the verb. What counts as prominent will be determined by the situation and by the multidimensional attentional and representational biases of human perceivers.
Verb Learning as a Probe Into Children's Grammars
Authors: Lidz Jeffrey 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
One of the fundamental hypotheses of generative grammar is that the linguistic constraints which limit the hypotheses that learners consider in acquiring a language are exactly those constraints which limit cross-linguistic variation. On this view, then, hypotheses about the cognitive code underlying the limits of linguistic variation are also hypotheses about constraints on language acquisition. This chapter explores this possibility in the domain of verb learning. It first considers constraints on possible verbs which are deduced from linguistic description and analysis, and then examines whether their effects are present in the acquisition of verbs. It is shown that cross-linguistic constraints do parallel constraints on acquisition, thus allowing us to see those constraints in action both at the level of language description and in language development. This finding lends support, at least in the domain of verb learning, to the view that research on language acquisition profits and can be guided by research on mature linguistic systems.
Revisiting the Noun-Verb Debate: A Cross-Linguistic Comparison of Novel Noun and Verb Learning in English-, Japanese-, and Chinese-Speaking Children
Authors: Imai Mutsumi , Haryu Etsuko , Okada Hiroyuki , Lianjing Li , Shigematsu Jun 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter presents results from a series of cross-linguistic studies which examined how English-, Japanese-, and Chinese-speaking children generalize newly learned nouns and verbs. Based on the results, it evaluates the two competing positions in the noun-verb debate. It then explores universal and language-specific factors which affect the ease or difficulty of early noun and verb learning.
But Are They Really Verbs? Chinese Words for Action
Authors: Tardif Twila 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter focuses on what properties Chinese verbs may have to facilitate the process of verb learning in Chinese, much as properties of nouns may afford the learning of nouns. In Chinese, but not English, verbs are highly specified and there is little resorting to “general purpose” or “light” verbs as there is in English simply because these general-purpose verb terms do not exist. In contrast, Chinese speakers often resort to general-purpose types of nouns (e.g. che1, vehicle) even though they have more specific labels which would correspond to the myriad of specific object nouns which young children acquire early in English (e.g. car, truck, motorcycle, bicycle, bus). Previous theories on the nature of word learning and particularly those focused on explaining the noun bias have discussed various features of nouns and verbs which may work together with innate perceptual and conceptual constraints to facilitate the learning of nouns and hinder the learning of verbs. However, it is argued that some of these features may not be true across all languages. Specifically, whereas these prior theories have allowed for cross-linguistic differences in specific features such as syntactic markings and inflections, word order, and differences in the extent to which manner and path are lexicalized within the verb itself, there is a need to also consider the nature of the words themselves and how they are organized into a coherent noun or verb lexicon in a particular language.
Why Verbs Are Hard to Learn
Authors: Gentner Dedre 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter argues that words connect to the world in very different ways, that (concrete) nouns do so more transparently than verbs, and that verb meanings are more linguistically shaped than (concrete) noun meanings. Although many factors at all levels contribute to determining what is learned early by children, these semantic-conceptual factors are certainly among the core influences on how words connect to the world.
Older Adults With Cancer
Authors: Maramaldi Peter , Lee Jonghyun 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Following heart disease, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. The annual cancer projections published by the American Cancer Society indicated that more than 560,000 people would die of cancer in 2004; that is, approximately 1,500 people in the United States were expected to die from some form of cancer every day. During the same year, more than 1.4 million people were projected to be newly diagnosed with cancer. For many people, especially older people, cancer has taken on dimensions of a chronic disease. This chapter focuses on cancer and aging, and emphasizes that trends in prevalence and treatment are changing the perception of cancer from an inevitable terminal condition to a chronic disease that is largely age-related.
HIV-Infected and HIV-Affected Older Adults
Authors: Poindexter Cynthia , Emlet Charles 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of social work practice implications that can arise when the experience of HIV and aging intersect. It is important to consider HIV and aging together for two reasons. First, medical and/or social service practitioners still frequently fail to identify and serve HIV-infected midlife and older adults; thus, HIV-infected persons over the age of 50 often remain hidden and their needs unaddressed. Second, the caregivers of HIV-infected younger adults or children with HIV are often mid-life and older persons, who may be grieving, unprepared, unsupported, hidden, and frail. While there is no certainty regarding the number of HIV-positive adults being cared for by older adults, it has been estimated that half of the persons with AIDS are being cared for by older relatives.
Older Adults With Neurological Problems Without Significant Dementia
Authors: GonzáLez-Ramos Gladys 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter covers two of the most prevalent neurological disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Although both diseases typically can be quite debilitating and impact a person's entire life, social workers have been largely absent from involvement in the care of persons and families living with these diseases. The chapter aims to provide readers with a beginner's understanding of both PD and MS as they impact individuals and families, so that informed care and referrals can be provided. Social workers have an opportunity to make a true contribution to practice with and research about persons and caregivers affected by neurological disorders such as PD and MS.
Older Adults With Mental and Emotional Problems
Authors: Gellis Zvi D. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The changing demographics of American society have received a great deal of attention in recent years. As the population ages, the overall number of elderly persons with mental disorders, particularly anxiety and mood disorders, will increase. Older adults with mental health problems are likely to have relatively longer life spans in the future due to expected advances in treatments and healthier aging lifestyles. Mental health problems will demand more attention from providers in order to minimize their effects on disability, the use of health care services, and the quality of life for older adults and caregivers. This chapter presents the current state of knowledge on mental disorders of late life (mental disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders), focusing on prevalence, consequences, and effective evidence-based treatments.
Aging Prisoners
Authors: Aday Ronald H. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter provides a greater understanding of the mental, physical, and social concerns facing aging inmates and those who must provide for their care. It also addresses end-of-life issues resulting from mandatory sentencing practices that have produced policies to accommodate an increasing number of frail and dying inmates. Finally, a section on social work practice with this special population identifies useful approaches for practitioners as they develop specific case management strategies.
Older Adults in Other Minority Groups
Authors: Browne Colette , Richardson Virginia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Members of minority groups share a common identity and collectively experience subordination relative to the dominant culture. We typically define minority groups according to such criteria as race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and national origin in the United States. This chapter focuses on older adults from “other minority groups;” specifically, those from marginal religions and regions. The aim is to raise social workers' awareness and understanding of these other older minority persons, highlight salient issues that social workers must address with these older adults, and introduce innovative interventions. The chapter begins by discussing older adults from Jewish and Muslim religions, and then considers older Appalachians and Pacific Islanders.
Roles of Social Workers in Palliative and End-of-Life Care
Authors: Howe Judith L. , Daratsos Louisa 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
As the World War II and baby boomer generations age, social work practice in the area of palliative and end-of-life care is becoming increasingly complex. Social workers are involved in palliative care no matter what setting or what population they find themselves in, because death and dying are universal experiences. This chapter addresses the settings of care for social work practice in palliative care, the role of the social worker in delivering palliative care, the social worker's role in assessment and service provision, psychosocial and financial resources, cultural and spiritual issues, and bereavement support services.
Caregiving at a Distance
Authors: Parker Michael , Church Wesley , Toseland Ronald 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter examines caregiving at a distance. It aims to equip social workers and other human service providers with information that can be used to prepare and empower families who are geographically separated from their care recipients. First, it examines research on distant caregiving to provide an evidence-based context for interventions and an overview of key issues faced by distant caregivers. Second, it identifies general guidelines, resources, and related issues and questions inherent in the practice literature. It describes an intervention program designed for distant caregivers, which has shown promising results in a clinical trial with military families and in a feasibility study with two faith-based communities. The chapter supplies important techniques and non Web-based and Web-based resources from this program that can be used by practitioners in their work with this population, and concludes with a focus on how professionals can help caregivers assess the merits of the growing number of Web-based resources.
Generalized and Specialized Hospitals
Authors: Volland Patricia J. , Keepnews David M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter aims to inform readers about the health care delivery landscape, with a specific focus on inpatient hospital settings. It briefly describes older adults' use of acute care settings and the types of hospitals providing acute care, examines the payment mechanisms that older adults use to pay for this care, and outlines what special concerns older adults and their families have about acute hospital care. The chapter also includes an overview of the organization and delivery of social worker services in these hospitals.
Departments of Public Welfare or Social Services
Authors: Brownell Patricia 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter addresses the practice of social work in public welfare and social services; settings from which the profession has retreated. A survey by the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) indicated less than 1% of membership worked in these public sector settings. The chapter describes historic and contemporary roles of professional social workers in public welfare and social services, including work in income maintenance, adult protective services, special housing programs, HIV/AIDS services, kinship care, and domestic violence programs. It describes the dilemmas and tensions inherent in these roles.
Hospices
Authors: Waldrop Deborah P. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter discusses social work practice in hospice settings with older people and their families. It begins by providing both historical and current perspectives on hospice care, including a differentiation between end-of-life, palliative, and hospice care, and it integrates current utilization and length-of-stay information from the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO). The chapter's three main sections discuss (1) regulations and policies that guide hospice social work; (2) hospice care environments; and (3) hospice social work with older adults and their families. Although people of all ages enroll in hospices, the chapter focuses on older patients and their families.
Health Maintenance Organizations and Managed Care Companies
Authors: Simmons W. June , Enguidanos Susan 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter examines social work practice in managed care settings. It offers an overview of managed care in the U.S., before presenting major debates about the impact of this care model on clients and professionals. It outlines important ethical dilemmas that confront social workers in managed care, with a focus on retaining the core values of the profession while developing “the business acumen” necessary to communicate their effectiveness in this industry.
The Workplace
Authors: Akabas Sheila H. , Gates Lauren B. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter reviews the demographics and trends that are making the role of caregiver to the aged central to the lives of many, with consequences for the well-being of workers and their families, and for the effectiveness of their employing organizations. It explores what workplaces and society have done in response and suggests additional possibilities for both prevention and intervention, and the role social workers can play in achieving their implementation.
Case Management Services
Authors: Naleppa Matthias J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Case management, also referred to as care coordination or service management, is a process commonly characterized by a series of activities undertaken to address a client's lack of resources and required services. This chapter provides a detailed look at case management as a venue for social work practice. It discusses the national demonstration projects that have served as the proving grounds for case managers, and highlights the tension over who “owns” case management. It then turns to a description of this practice modality and the services typically accessed by a professional care manager.
Housing, Health, and Quality of Life
Authors: Gonyea Judith G. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter describes housing services available for older adults, noting that shelter is a basic need and describing the programs designed to meet that need. It identifies the role of income disparities in determining the housing options available to seniors and uses the concept of “environmental press” to argue that “goodness of fit” is an appropriate yardstick for determining the quality of a housing setting for adults with disabilities. The chapter places the profession of social work squarely in the middle of housing decisions, arguing that our assessment skills and commitment to serving vulnerable populations leave us well positioned to improve the way the nation's seniors are housed.
Dementia Special Care Units in Residential Care
Authors: Gwyther Lisa P. , Kane Rosalie A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter focuses on dementia special care units (SCUs), largely as they have emerged in nursing homes, but also in some programs licensed as assisted living. SCUs in nursing facilities developed in response to concerns expressed by families, advocates, and providers about the quality and adequacy of dementia long-term care. Although innovations in SCUs originated in the non-profit sector, the majority of SCUs are part of for-profit chains. Studies of SCUs, models for SCUs, history of special care initiatives, current status of SCUs, and social work in nursing home SCUs, are discussed.
Adult Foster Care and Adult Family Care
Authors: Prosper Vera 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter discusses adult foster care (AFC) programs. AFC homes, as a community-integrated, small, family-based housing and care option, can satisfy the goals of several confluent happenings: (a) The U.S. federal court decision in Olmstead v. L.C. requires that people of all ages with disabilities be housed in the most appropriate integrated (into the community) setting possible; (b) the preference of most people is to live in non-institutionalized, home-like living environments; and (c) public agencies are promoting the expansion of community-based housing and care options as a means of containing the growth in long-term care costs. Among the strengths of AFC are its informality, sociability, spontaneity, and familism; the meaningful role AFC provides for the provider; and the greater level of integration of this option into the surrounding community, because the provider's private home is less obtrusive than multi-unit housing or institutions. Weaknesses include the difficulty of monitoring these small homes, which are dispersed throughout the community; the widely varying staff-to-resident ratios among homes; and the inconsistent level of professionalism of the providers.
Residential-Based Care: New York's NORC-Supportive Services Program Model
Authors: Vladeck Fredda 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter argues for the need to build coherent services within the communities where older people live, to have a different policy discussion from the one we have been having for the last 25 years. It begins with a brief description of the prevailing paradigm that governs community-based services for older people and the role of social work within it, quickly cataloging some of the major deficiencies with the current approach. It then suggests a new paradigm that reflects today's understanding of aging and moves quickly to illustrating how this new paradigm is applied in practice in the 27 naturally occurring retirement community (NORC) Supportive Service Programs (NORC-SSPs) in New York City. The chapter concludes by identifying some lessons and implications from this experience, and its replicability to other kinds of communities.
Federal Income Maintenance Policies and Programs
Authors: Choi Namkee 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
This chapter discusses three important federal income maintenance programs for older persons: the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) Program, or Social Security; the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Program; and the Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP). For each program, beneficiaries/participants, eligibility criteria, financing mechanisms and issues, and reform proposals or need for improvement, are described and critically evaluated, with special attention to the Program's effect on and implications for people of color, women, and/or low-income older persons.