bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The kinetics and mechanism of the substitution reactions of the aquapentacyanoruthenate(II) ion with naphthalene‐substituted ligands in aqueous medium
Authors: Naik R. M. , Singh Ruchi , Asthana Abhas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of substitution reaction of [Ru(CN)5H2O]3− anion with two naphthalene‐substituted ligands viz. Ln = nitroso‐R‐salt (NRS) and α‐nitroso‐β‐naphthol (αNβN) have been studied spectrophotometrically by monitoring an increase in absorbance at λmax = 525 nm corresponding to metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions due to formation of substituted [Ru(CN)5L]n−3 as a function of pH, ionic strength, temperature, a wide range of ligands concentration, and [Ru(CN)5H2O3−] under pseudo‐first‐order conditions. The experimental observation suggests that [Ru(CN)5H2O]3− ion interacts with both ligands, which finally get converted into corresponding, [Ru(CN)5L]n−3 complexes as a final reaction product. The reaction is found to obey first‐order dependence each in [Ru(CN)5H2O3−] and [Ln]. The substituted products, viz. [Ru(CN)5L]n−3, in each case have strong MLCT transitions in visible region. The substitutional lability of [Ru(CN)5H2O]3− has been discussed in terms of electronic effect on the MOH2 bond interactions. The kinetic observation suggests that the complexation reaction of [Ru(CN)5H2O]3− with both the ligands, i.e., NRS and αNβN, follows an ion pair dissociative mechanism. The thermal activation parameters ΔH≠ and ΔS≠ have been calculated using Eyring's equation and provided in support for the proposed mechanistic scheme. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 43: 21–30, 2011
Robin functions and distortion theorems for regular mappings
Authors: Dubinin V. N. , Vuorinen M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCapacities of generalized condensers are applied to prove a two‐point distortion theorem for conformal mappings. The result is expressed in terms of the Robin function and the Robin capacity with respect to the domain of definition of the mapping and subsets of the boundary of this domain. The behavior of Robin function under multivalent functions is studied. Some corollaries and examples of applications to distortion theorems for regular functions are given (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Uniform prostate imaging and spectroscopy at 7 T: comparison between a microstrip array and an endorectal coil
Authors: van den Bergen Bob , Klomp Dennis W.J. , Raaijmakers Alexander J.E. , de Castro Catalina Arteaga , Boer Vincent O. , Kroeze Hugo , Luijten Peter R. , Lagendijk Jan J.W. , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAn endorectal coil and an eight‐element microstrip array were compared for prostate imaging at 7 T. An extensive radiofrequency safety assessment was performed with the use of finite difference time domain simulations to determine safe scan parameters. These simulations showed that the endorectal coil can deliver substantially more B to the prostate than can the microstrip array within the specific absorption rate safety guidelines. However, the B field of the endorectal coil is very inhomogeneous, which makes the use of adiabatic pulses compulsory for T1‐ or T2‐weighted imaging. As a consequence, a full prostate examination is only possible in a feasible amount of time when the microstrip array is used for T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging, whereas the endorectal coil is required for spectroscopic imaging. The pulse parameters were optimised within the specific absorption rate guidelines and thereafter used to provide a good illustration of the possibilities of prostate imaging at 7 T. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the transcription factor T (brachyury) in the pathogenesis of sporadic chordoma: a genetic and functional‐based study
Authors: Presneau Nadège , Shalaby Asem , Ye Hongtao , Pillay Nischalan , Halai Dina , Idowu Bernadine , Tirabosco Roberto , Whitwell Duncan , Jacques Thomas S , Kindblom Lars‐Gunnar , Brüderlein Silke , Möller Peter , Leithner Andreas , Liegl Bernadette , Amary Fernanda M , Athanasou Nicholas N , Hogendoorn Pancras CW , Mertens Fredrik , Szuhai Karoly , Flanagan Adrienne M 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA variety of analyses, including fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative PCR (qPCR) and array CGH (aCGH), have been performed on a series of chordomas from 181 patients. Twelve of 181 (7%) tumours displayed amplification of the T locus and an additional two cases showed focal amplification; 70/181 (39%) tumours were polysomic for chromosome 6, and 8/181 (4.5%) primary tumours showed a minor allelic gain of T as assessed by FISH. No germline alteration of the T locus was identified in non‐neoplastic tissue from 40 patients. Copy number gain of T was seen in a similar percentage of sacrococcygeal, mobile spine and base of skull tumours. Knockdown of T in the cell line, U‐CH1, which showed polysomy of chromosome 6 involving 6q27, resulted in a marked decrease in cell proliferation and morphological features consistent with a senescence‐like phenotype. The U‐CH1 cell line was validated as representing chordoma by the generation of xenografts, which showed typical chordoma morphology and immunohistochemistry in the NOD/SCID/interleukin 2 receptor [IL2r]$\gamma^{\rm{null}}$ mouse model. In conclusion, chromosomal aberrations resulting in gain of the T locus are common in sporadic chordomas and expression of this gene is critical for proliferation of chordoma cells in vitro. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pattern recognition receptors and genetic risk for rsv infection: value for clinical decision‐making?
Authors: Rämet Mika , Korppi Matti , Hallman Mikko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory tract infections, especially among young infants. Practically, all infants are infected during epidemics and the clinical presentation ranges from subclinical to fatal infection. Known risk factors for severe RSV infection include prematurity, age of <2 months, underlying chronic lung or heart diseases, serious neurological or metabolic disorders, immune deficiency (especially a disorder of cellular immunity), crowded living conditions, and indoor smoke pollution. Twin studies indicate that host genetic factors affect susceptibility to severe RSV infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the key mediators of the innate immune response to RSV. In the distal respiratory tract, RSV is recognized by the transmembrane Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and adapter proteins, which lead to production of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequent activation of the adaptive immune response. Surfactant proteins A and D are able to bind both RSV and TLR4, modulating the inflammatory response. Genetic variations in TLR4, SP‐A, and SP‐D have been associated with the risk of severe RSV bronchiolitis, but the results have varied between studies. Both the homozygous hyporesponsive 299Gly genotype of TLR4 and the non‐synonymous SP‐A and SP‐D polymorphism influence the presentation of RSV infection. The reported relative risks associated with these markers are not robust enough to justify clinical use. However, current evidence indicates that innate immune responses including pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other components in the distal airways and airspaces profoundly influence the innate immune responses, playing a key role in host resistance to RSV in young infants. This information is useful in guiding efforts to develop better means to identify the high‐risk infants and to treat this potentially fatal infection effectively. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:101–110. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nasal high frequency percussive ventilation versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure in transient tachypnea of the newborn: A pilot randomized controlled trial (NCT00556738)
Authors: Dumas De La Roque Eric , Bertrand Clotilde , Tandonnet Olivier , Rebola Muriel , Roquand Emilie , Renesme Laurent , Elleau Christophe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether nasal high frequency percussive ventilation (NHFPV) would decrease duration of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in newborn infants.MethodsA prospective, unmasked, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 46 eligible newborn infants who were hospitalized for TTN in the University Hospital of Bordeaux (France) between 2007 and 2009. Infants born by cesarian section ≥37 GA, ≥2,000g with diagnosis of TTN and with a transcutaneous saturation <90% at 20 min after birth were eligible. Infants were randomized to either NHFPV or NCPAP. The primary endpoint was a reduction of the duration of TTN. Secondary endpoints were the duration of oxygen therapy and the minimal level required to obtain a saturation between 90% and 96% integrated into an index which included a time factor: [(FiO2—21)/time of O2 therapy].ResultsIn the NHFPV group the duration of TTN was half the time of NCPAP group (105 min ± 20 and 377 min ± 150, respectively; P < 0.0001). There was a significant decrease in duration of oxygen supplementation in the NHFPV group (6.3 min ± 3.3) compared to the NCPAP group (19.1 min ± 8.1; P < 0.001), and a significant decrease in level of oxygen supplementation [(FiO2—0.21)/time of O2 therapy] in the NHFPV group (0.29 min−1 ± 0.16) compared to the NCPAP group (0.46 min−1 ± 0.50; P < 0.001). There was no complication and NHFPV was as well tolerated as NCPAP.ConclusionNHFPV is well tolerated and more effective than NCPAP in treatment of TTN. NHFPV might be a novel and safe tool to manage TTN. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:218–223. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of environmental tobacco smoke on children admitted with status asthmaticus in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Samir Shah , Colin Yeung , Thomas Spentzas 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntroductionEnvironmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and allergens are risk factors in children with critical status asthmaticus. Genetic studies support that ETS‐associated asthma is a special inflammatory entity, causing significant number of hospital admissions and relapses. Accordingly, the course and outcome of patients with ETS‐induced status asthmaticus might also be different.HypothesisWe hypothesized that the progression, course, and outcome of patients with ETS‐induced status asthmaticus would be worse than those of patients without ETS exposure.MethodsMedical records of children who were admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with the diagnosis of asthma at the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, Manitoba, over 10 years were audited after Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Two hundred thirty records were reviewed. We extracted data including demographics and analyzed the patient's deterioration defined as clinical asthma score (CAS) drift between the ED and PICU. We computed the treatment response, expressed as length of stay (LOS) in the PICU and in hospital. The risk factors were stratified as none, ETS exposure, allergies, and ETS with allergies.ResultsThere were 55 (25%) patients with no risk factors, 66 (30%) with ETS exposure only, 46 (21%) with allergies only, and 53 (24%) with both. There was a 25% decrease in CAS deterioration when patients were exposed to ETS (P < 0.05). For patients with or without allergies but with exposure to ETS, both the PICU and overall hospital LOS were ∼15% longer (P < 0.05) than for those not exposed to ETS. Stratifying for gender and race in multivariate analysis did not alter the results.ConclusionsPatients with ETS‐associated critical status asthmaticus deteriorate and recover slower than non‐ETS‐exposed patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:224–229. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tobramycin inhalation powder for P. aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis: The EVOLVE trial
Authors: Konstan Michael W. , Geller David E. , Minić Predrag , Brockhaus Florian , Zhang Jie , Angyalosi Gerhild 
Published: October 2010

AbstractTobramycin inhalation solution is used to treat chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel, light‐porous particle, dry‐powder formulation of tobramycin, which was developed to improve delivery efficiency to the airways and substantially reduce the delivery time. In this randomized, double‐blind study, patients with CF (age 6–21 years) received tobramycin inhalation powder (112 mg tobramycin) twice daily (n = 46) or placebo (n = 49) via the T‐326 Inhaler for one cycle, followed by two open‐label cycles (all patients). Cycles were 28 days on, 28 days off treatment. The primary endpoint was change in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) % predicted from baseline to Day 28 of Cycle 1. The study was terminated early based on positive results in the interim analysis. Tobramycin inhalation powder significantly improved FEV1 % predicted versus placebo at Day 28 (difference 13.3, 95% CI: 5.31–21.28; P = 0.0016). Similar changes in FEV1 were seen in patients switching from placebo to tobramycin inhalation powder in Cycle 2; improvements were maintained over time. Tobramycin inhalation powder also reduced sputum P. aeruginosa density, respiratory‐related hospitalization and antipseudomonal antibiotic use versus placebo. The most common adverse event was cough; the frequency of cough was higher in patients receiving placebo (26.5%) versus tobramycin inhalation powder (13.0%) in Cycle 1. Tobramycin inhalation powder was not associated with ototoxicity or nephrotoxicity. Administration time was between 4 and 6 min. In conclusion, tobramycin inhalation powder was effective and well tolerated in CF patients, and may offer an important treatment option to decrease the treatment burden of CF pseudomonas lung infections. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011; 46:230–238. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Denosumab (Prolia): new option in the prevention of fractures
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Compston Juliet 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDenosumab (Prolia), a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteoclast activity, is licensed for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at increased risk of fracture and bone loss in men undergoing hormone ablation. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and Professor Juliet Compston discusses its place in fracture prevention.
Microwave performance of ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructure field effect transistors
Authors: Sasa Shigehiko , Maitani Takeshi , Furuya Yuto , Amano Takeshi , Koike Kazuto , Yano Mitsuaki , Inoue Masataka 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report the first microwave performance of single crystalline ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructure field‐effect transistors (HFETs). The structure consisted of a 15‐nm‐thick ZnO channel layer was grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on an a‐sapphire substrate. Two‐finger type HFETs with 1 or 2‐µm‐long gate were fabricated and measured for microwave performance. The transconductance of the HFETs are 28 and 23 mS/mm for 1 and 2‐µm‐gate devices, respectively. The microwave measurement of ZnO‐based TFTs revealed that the current gain cutoff frequency fT of 1.75 GHz and that of unilateral power gain fmax of 2.45 GHz for 1‐µm‐gate HFET. Electron velocity obtained by two‐terminal measurements implies that the structural design is crucial for further improvement of the high‐frequency performance of ZnO/ZnMgO HFETs.magnified image
Small‐signal microwave characteristics of a 1‐µm‐gate ZnO/ZnMgO heterostructure FET. The current gain cutoff frequency of 1.75 GHz and the unilateral power gain cutoff frequency of 2.45 GHz were obtained.
Effects of negative bias on the structural, topological and tribological properties of amorphous carbon films prepared by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Wang Zhou , Wang Chengbing , Zhang Bin , Wang Qi , Zhang Junyan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAmorphous carbon films were prepared in a magnetron sputtering system at different d.c. negative substrate biases (−50, − 100, − 150, − 200 and − 250 V). The surface roughness, hardness and tribological properties of as‐deposited films were investigated based on the films' structural evolution. Compared with the films deposited at the negative bias of − 50 and − 250 V, the microstructure and bond configuration of the films deposited at negative bias of − 150 V favored a more graphite‐like structure, which had the maximum of graphiticclusters and ordering structures; meanwhile, the films deposited at bias of − 150 V showed the minimum coefficient of friction (COF) in air, while the wear rate showed a decrease of two orders of magnitude. The tribotesting results were attributed to the increase of graphitic domains of amorphous carbon films which decreased the interfacial shear force and lowered the COF. The uniform and ordering structure induced steady and smooth friction curves. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameterization of treatment effects for meta‐analysis in multi‐state Markov models
Authors: Price Malcolm J. , Welton Nicky J. , Ades A. E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStandard approaches to analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Markov models make it difficult to generalize treatment effects to new patient groups and synthesize evidence across trials. This paper demonstrates how pair‐wise and mixed treatment comparison meta‐analysis can be applied to event history data for disease progression reported by RCTs. The data, in the form of aggregated discrete time transitions, have a multi‐nomial likelihood. In order for evidence synthesis to be performed a structured approach to modelling the differences in the effects of the different treatments must be taken. A multi‐state continuous‐time Markov model similar to others used in published economic evaluations of asthma treatments is developed, with transition rates related to the likelihood via Kolmogorov's forward equations. The formulation in terms of rates allows a flexible characterization of summary treatment effects. These ideas are applied to an illustrative data set consisting of a set of five trials comparing eight different treatments for asthma. A range of models is developed in which the relative treatment effects act on forward, backward transitions, or both, and models are compared using the DIC. Bayesian inferential techniques are used and the parameters are estimated using MCMC simulation in WinBUGS. An intuitively appealing mechanism of action involving a single parameter acting on all backward transitions was identified for the relative effects of the treatments, which allowed the estimation of a pooled treatment effect, allowing us to rank the different treatment options within each connected evidence network to ascertain which were the most clinically effective. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of recurrent gap time data using the weighted risk‐set method and the modified within‐cluster resampling method
Authors: Luo Xianghua , Huang Chiung‐Yu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe gap times between recurrent events are often of primary interest in medical and epidemiology studies. The observed gap times cannot be naively treated as clustered survival data in analysis because of the sequential structure of recurrent events. This paper introduces two important building blocks, the averaged counting process and the averaged at‐risk process, for the development of the weighted risk‐set (WRS) estimation methods. We demonstrate that with the use of these two empirical processes, existing risk‐set based methods for univariate survival time data can be easily extended to analyze recurrent gap times. Additionally, we propose a modified within‐cluster resampling (MWCR) method that can be easily implemented in standard software. We show that the MWCR estimators are asymptotically equivalent to the WRS estimators. An analysis of hospitalization data from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register is presented to illustrate the proposed methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smooth estimation of survival functions and hazard ratios from interval‐censored data using Bayesian penalized B‐splines
Authors: Çetinyürek Yavuz Aysun , Lambert Philippe 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe discuss the use of Bayesian P‐spline and of the composite link model to estimate survival functions and hazard ratios from interval‐censored data. If one further assumes proportionality of the hazards, the proposed strategy provides a smoothed estimate of the baseline hazard along with estimates of global covariate effects. The frequentist properties of our Bayesian estimators are assessed by an extensive simulation study. We further illustrate the methodology by two examples showing that the proportionality of the hazards might also be found inappropriate from interval‐censored data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Log‐linear, logistic model fitting and local score statistics for cluster detection with covariate adjustments
Authors: Chan Hock Peng , Tu I‐Ping 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe standard method for p‐value computation of spatial scan statistics, with adjustments for covariate effects, is to conduct Monte Carlo simulations with these effects estimated under the null hypothesis of no clustering. However when the covariates are geographically unbalanced, the proposed Monte Carlo p‐value estimates are too conservative, with corresponding loss of power, due to excessive adjustments for confounding between covariates and location. We show that the use of an alternative procedure that involves local score statistics, with parameters fitted on a log‐linear or logistic model, addresses this problem. We also discuss extensions of the procedure when there are multiple or continuous covariates. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copula‐based regression models for a bivariate mixed discrete and continuous outcome
Authors: de Leon A. R. , Wu B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper is concerned with regression models for correlated mixed discrete and continuous outcomes constructed using copulas. Our approach entails specifying marginal regression models for the outcomes, and combining them via a copula to form a joint model. Specifically, we propose marginal regression models (e.g. generalized linear models) to link the outcomes' marginal means to covariates. To account for associations between outcomes, we adopt the Gaussian copula to indirectly specify their joint distributions. Our approach has two advantages over current methods: one, regression parameters in models for both outcomes are marginally meaningful, and two, the association is ‘margin‐free’, in the sense that it is characterized by the copula alone. By assuming a latent variable framework to describe discrete outcomes, the copula used still uniquely determines the joint distribution. In addition, association measures between outcomes can be interpreted in the usual way. We report results of simulations concerning the bias and efficiency of two likelihood‐based estimation methods for the model. Finally, we illustrate the model using data on burn injuries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating treatment difference for binary responses in the presence of surrogate endpoints
Authors: Banerjee Buddhananda , Biswas Atanu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSurrogate endpoint is chosen as a measure or indicator of a biological process that is obtained sooner, at less cost or less invasively than a true endpoint of health outcome, and is used to arrive at conclusions about the effect of intervention on the true endpoint. Following the work of Begg and Leung (J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A2000; 163:15–28), we introduce a new motivation to analyse the surrogate and true endpoints together, to have a better estimate of the treatment difference where both the endpoints are binary. Several estimators are studied and compared. Some real data sets are analysed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.