bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasting Glucose, Obesity, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Community-Based People Without Diabetes
Authors: Rutter Martin K. , Massaro Joseph M. , Hoffmann Udo , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Fox Caroline S. 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to assess whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and obesity are independently related to coronary artery calcification (CAC) in a community-based population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We assessed CAC using multidetector computed tomography in 3,054 Framingham Heart Study participants (mean [SD] age was 50 [10] years, 49% were women, 29% had IFG, and 25% were obese) free from known vascular disease or diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that IFG (5.6–6.9 mmol/L) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were independently associated with high CAC (&gt;90th percentile for age and sex) after adjusting for hypertension, lipids, smoking, and medication.

RESULTS
High CAC was significantly related to IFG in an age- and sex-adjusted model (odds ratio 1.4 [95% CI 1.1–1.7], P = 0.002; referent: normal fasting glucose) and after further adjustment for obesity (1.3 [1.0–1.6], P = 0.045). However, IFG was not associated with high CAC in multivariable-adjusted models before (1.2 [0.9–1.4], P = 0.20) or after adjustment for obesity. Obesity was associated with high CAC in age- and sex-adjusted models (1.6 [1.3–2.0], P &lt; 0.001) and in multivariable models that included IFG (1.4 [1.1–1.7], P = 0.005). Multivariable-adjusted spline regression models suggested nonlinear relationships linking high CAC with BMI (J-shaped), waist circumference (J-shaped), and fasting glucose.

CONCLUSIONS
In this community-based cohort, CAC was associated with obesity, but not IFG, after adjusting for important confounders. With the increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity and nondiabetic hyperglycemia, these data underscore the importance of obesity in the pathogenesis of CAC.
Diastolic Function Is Reduced in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes in Response to Exercise
Authors: Gusso Silmara , Pinto Teresa E. , Baldi James C. , Robinson Elizabeth , Cutfield Wayne S. , Hofman Paul L. 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVETo determine whether adolescents with type 1 diabetes have left ventricular functional changes at rest and during acute exercise and whether these changes are affected by metabolic control and diabetes duration.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe study evaluated 53 adolescents with type 1 diabetes and 22 control adolescents. Baseline data included peak exercise capacity and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Left ventricular functional parameters were obtained at rest and during acute exercise using magnetic resonance imaging.RESULTSCompared with nondiabetic control subjects, adolescents with type 1 diabetes had lower exercise capacity (44.7 ± 09 vs. 48.5 ± 1.4 mL/kg fat-free mass [FFM]/min; P &lt; 0.05). Stroke volume was reduced in the diabetes group at rest (1.86 ± 0.04 vs. 2.05 ± 0.07 mL/kg FFM; P = 0.02) and during acute exercise (1.89 ± 0.04 vs. 2.17 ± 0.06 mL/kg FFM; P = 0.01). Diabetic adolescents also had reduced end-diastolic volume at rest (2.94 ± 0.06 vs. 3.26 ± 0.09 mL/kg FFM; P = 0.01) and during acute exercise (2.78 ± 0.05 vs. 3.09 ± 0.08 mL/kg FFM; P = 0.01). End-systolic volume was lower in the diabetic group at rest (1.08 ± 0.03 vs. 1.21 ± 0.04 mL/kg FFM; P = 0.01) but not during acute exercise. Exercise capacity and resting and exercise stroke volumes were correlated with glycemic control but not with diabetes duration.CONCLUSIONSAdolescents with type 1 diabetes have reduced exercise capacity and display alterations in cardiac function compared with nondiabetic control subjects, associated with reduced stroke volume during exercise.
Circulating Osteocalcin Level Is Not Associated With Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Male Subjects
Authors: Hwang You-Cheol , Jee Jae-Hwan , Jeong In-Kyung , Ahn Kyu Jeung , Chung Ho Yeon , Lee Moon-Kyu 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE
Recent human studies suggested that serum osteocalcin is associated with the cross-talk between bone and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum osteocalcin level is independently associated with the development of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed of 1,229 nondiabetic men, aged 25–60 years, who were recruited from the Health Promotion Center, Samsung Medical Center, between January 1997 and December 1997. They were followed regularly at the center on an out-patient basis and during hospitalization for a mean of 8.4 years, and the development of type 2 diabetes was determined.

RESULTS
In the baseline analysis, BMI, body fat percentage, triglyceride, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance value, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels varied inversely with the osteocalcin tertiles, and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased with the osteocalcin tertiles. However, no differences were observed in fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels across the osteocalcin tertiles. Incident type 2 diabetes occurred in 90 (7.3%) of the study subjects. In Cox proportional hazards models, however, no statistical differences in the development of type 2 diabetes across the osteocalcin tertiles were evident after adjustment of other risk factors for incident diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite baseline associations with favorable metabolic parameters, the serum osteocalcin level was not associated with the development of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged males.
Curcumin Extract for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chuengsamarn Somlak , Rattanamongkolgul Suthee , Luechapudiporn Rataya , Phisalaphong Chada , Jirawatnotai Siwanon 
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of curcumin in delaying development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the prediabetic population.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo- controlled trial included subjects (n = 240) with criteria of prediabetes. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive either curcumin or placebo capsules for 9 months. To assess the T2DM progression after curcumin treatments and to determine the number of subjects progressing to T2DM, changes in β-cell functions (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]-β, C-peptide, and proinsulin/insulin), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), anti-inflammatory cytokine (adiponectin), and other parameters were monitored at the baseline and at 3-, 6-, and 9-month visits during the course of intervention.

RESULTS
After 9 months of treatment, 16.4% of subjects in the placebo group were diagnosed with T2DM, whereas none were diagnosed with T2DM in the curcumin-treated group. In addition, the curcumin-treated group showed a better overall function of β-cells, with higher HOMA-β (61.58 vs. 48.72; P &lt; 0.01) and lower C-peptide (1.7 vs. 2.17; P &lt; 0.05). The curcumin-treated group showed a lower level of HOMA-IR (3.22 vs. 4.04; P &lt; 0.001) and higher adiponectin (22.46 vs. 18.45; P &lt; 0.05) when compared with the placebo group.

CONCLUSIONS
A 9-month curcumin intervention in a prediabetic population significantly lowered the number of prediabetic individuals who eventually developed T2DM. In addition, the curcumin treatment appeared to improve overall function of β-cells, with very minor adverse effects. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the curcumin intervention in a prediabetic population may be beneficial.
Analyse des discours sur la notion d'« usage » dans deux revues en sciences de l'information: Doc-SI et BBF
Authors: Paganelli Céline 
Published: July 2012

Résumé À travers l’analyse d’un corpus d’articles publiés dans deux périodiques spécialisés français, Documentaliste-Sciences de l’information et Bulletin des bibliothèques de France , Céline Paganelli s’intéresse à la manière dont la communauté professionnelle de la documentation et des bibliothèques aborde la question des usages et des pratiques. Comment cette communauté s’interroge-t-elle sur les individus qu’elle côtoie dans son environnement professionnel, individus pour lesquels elle est appelée à proposer un service ? De quelle manière en parle-t-elle ? Comment les notions d’ usages , d’ usagers et de pratiques sont-elles abordées dans les discours relevant du champ de l’information-documentation ? Cet article tente d’apporter des éléments de réponse à ces différentes interrogations.
Usage et non-usage des objets communicants dans le cadre du maintien à domicile
Authors: Collos Jean-Pierre , Delomier Charlotte 
Published: July 2012

Les objets intégrant des TIC proposent de suppléer les déficiences des personnes âgées dépendantes maintenues à domicile, de les aider dans leur quotidien, de sécuriser leur environnement, d'informer et de rassurer leur entourage. La recherche « usage et non-usage des objets communicants » tente de comprendre les rapports que les personnes âgées entretiennent avec les objets qui les entourent, plus particulièrement avec les objets dits communicants . Le présent article aborde certains des points traités dans cette recherche : la nature de l’objet communicant pour les personnes âgées, l’importance du lien social dans le rapport de l'individu à l’objet et la relation de l’individu à l’objet à partir des expressions objet chaud et objet froid.
La « force de l'événement » est-elle un artefact ?
Authors: Latté Stéphane 
Published: July 2012

Résumé À partir d’une enquête consacrée aux associations de victimes d’accidents collectifs, cet article interroge les vertus et les limites des concepts proposés par la sociologie des mobilisations pour rendre compte du rôle de l’événement dramatique dans le déclenchement de l’action collective. À partir d’une analyse des relations d’enquête, l’auteur montre que les narrations de l’événement dans les termes d’un « choc » procèdent moins des émotions immédiatement ressenties par les individus que des normes qui encadrent le contexte de catastrophe, des prescriptions journalistiques et du rôle social de « victime ». Dès lors, cet article milite pour une approche ethnographique qui permette d’échapper au tropisme de l’événement et de réinscrire ces mobilisations « accidentelles » dans des contextes sociaux enracinés.
Diversity and seasonal density of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in relation to the soybean aphid in soybean crop in Québec, Canada
Authors: Firlej Annabelle , Gagnon Annie-Ève , Laurin-Lemay Simon , Brodeur Jacques 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe studied the diversity and summer seasonal activity-density of Carabidae associated with soybean fields infested by the soybean aphid (Aphis glycinesMatsumura; Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Québec, Canada. Carabid beetles were sampled in six to seven fields from June to September 2004 and 2005 using pitfall traps. A total of 33 species from 15 genera were identified, with the exoticPterostichus melanarius(Illiger) (Coleoptera: Carabidae), representing 75.8% and 84.5% of all individuals trapped in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Large variations in species richness and diversity indexes were observed between fields within and between years. Multivariate analyses showed that carabid activity-density varied as a function of field location and sampling period, with individuals belonging to species overwintering as adults being more abundant early in the growing season. There was no relationship between carabid trap catches andA. glycinesdensity, suggesting that carabid beetles do not respond numerically to soybean aphid populations at the spatial scale studied.
A novel trapping system for monitoring insect flight heights
Authors: Tansey James A. , Dosdall Lloyd M. , Keddie Andrew , Blake Adam J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAn inexpensive, easily constructed, and effective trapping system for capturing flying insects is described. The trapping system is a pole with multiple moveable bowls. The catch is preserved in a killing solution (propylene glycol) between monitoring intervals. Applications for this trapping system include evaluating effects of insect phenology, climate factors, habitat preferences, climatic conditions, and trap colour and interactions of these factors.
miR-29ab1 Deficiency Identifies a Negative Feedback Loop Controlling Th1 Bias That Is Dysregulated in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Smith Kristen M. , Guerau-de-Arellano Mireia , Costinean Stefan , Williams Jessica L. , Bottoni Arianna , Mavrikis Cox Gina , Satoskar Abhay R. , Croce Carlo M. , Racke Michael K. , Lovett-Racke Amy E. , Whitacre Caroline C. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Th cell programming and function is tightly regulated by complex biological networks to prevent excessive inflammatory responses and autoimmune disease. The importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process is highlighted by the preferential Th1 polarization of Dicer-deficient T cells that lack miRNAs. Using genetic knockouts, we demonstrate that loss of endogenous miR-29, derived from the miR-29ab1 genomic cluster, results in unrestrained T-bet expression and IFN-γ production. miR-29b regulates T-bet and IFN-γ via a direct interaction with the 3′ untranslated regions, and IFN-γ itself enhances miR-29b expression, establishing a novel regulatory feedback loop. miR-29b is increased in memory CD4+ T cells from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, which may reflect chronic Th1 inflammation. However, miR-29b levels decrease significantly upon T cell activation in MS patients, suggesting that this feedback loop is dysregulated in MS patients and may contribute to chronic inflammation. miR-29 thus serves as a novel regulator of Th1 differentiation, adding to the understanding of T cell-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms that maintain a balance between protective immunity and autoimmunity.
Cutting Edge:Brucella abortusExploits a Cellular Prion Protein on Intestinal M Cells as an Invasive Receptor
Authors: Nakato Gaku , Hase Koji , Suzuki Michio , Kimura Masanobu , Ato Manabu , Hanazato Misaho , Tobiume Minoru , Horiuchi Motohiro , Atarashi Ryuichiro , Nishida Noriyuki , Watarai Masahisa , Imaoka Koichi , Ohno Hiroshi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBrucella abortus is a Gram-negative bacterium causing brucellosis. Although B. abortus is known to infect via the oral route, the entry site in the gastrointestinal tract has been unclear. We found that B. abortus was selectively internalized by microfold cells (M cells), a subset of epithelial cells specialized for mucosal Ag uptake. During this process, colocalization of cellular prion protein (PrPC) and B. abortus was evident on the apical surface as well as in subapical vacuolar structures in M cells. Internalization of B. abortus by M cells of PrPC-deficient (Prnp−/−) mice was greatly reduced compared with that in wild-type mice. Furthermore, an oral infection study revealed that translocation of B. abortus into the Peyer’s patch was significantly lower in Prnp−/− than in wild-type mice. These observations suggest that orally infected B. abortus invades the host through M cells by using PrPC on the apical surface of M cells as an uptake receptor.
Why the Structure but Not the Activity of the Immunoproteasome Subunit Low Molecular Mass Polypeptide 2 Rescues Antigen Presentation
Authors: Basler Michael , Lauer Christoph , Moebius Jacqueline , Weber Reinhold , Przybylski Michael , Kisselev Alexei F. , Tsu Christopher , Groettrup Marcus 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The proteasome is responsible for the generation of most epitopes presented on MHC class I molecules. Treatment of cells with IFN-γ leads to the replacement of the constitutive catalytic subunits β1, β2, and β5 by the inducible subunits low molecular mass polypeptide (LMP) 2 (β1i), multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like-1 (β2i), and LMP7 (β5i), respectively. The incorporation of these subunits is required for the production of numerous MHC class I-restricted T cell epitopes. The structural features rather than the proteolytic activity of an immunoproteasome subunit are needed for the generation of some epitopes, but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. Experiments with LMP2-deficient splenocytes revealed that the generation of the male HY-derived CTL-epitope UTY246–254 was dependent on LMP2. Treatment of male splenocytes with an LMP2-selective inhibitor did not reduce UTY246–254 presentation, whereas silencing of β1 activity increased presentation of UTY246–254. In vitro degradation experiments showed that the caspase-like activity of β1 was responsible for the destruction of this CTL epitope, whereas it was preserved when LMP2 replaced β1. Moreover, inhibition of the β5 subunit rescued the presentation of the influenza matrix 58–66 epitope, thus suggesting that a similar mechanism can apply to the exchange of β5 by LMP7. Taken together, our data provide a rationale why the structural property of an immunoproteasome subunit rather than its activity is required for the generation of a CTL epitope.
Tissue- and Ligand-Specific Sensing of Gram-Negative Infection in Drosophila by PGRP-LC Isoforms and PGRP-LE
Authors: Neyen Claudine , Poidevin Mickaël , Roussel Alain , Lemaitre Bruno 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The Drosophila antimicrobial response is one of the best characterized systems of pattern recognition receptor-mediated defense in metazoans. Drosophila senses Gram-negative bacteria via two peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), membrane-bound PGRP-LC and secreted/cytosolic PGRP-LE, which relay diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-type peptidoglycan sensing to the Imd signaling pathway. In the case of PGRP-LC, differential splicing of PGRP domain-encoding exons to a common intracellular domain-encoding exon generates three receptor isoforms, which differ in their peptidoglycan binding specificities. In this study, we used Phi31-mediated recombineering to generate fly lines expressing specific isoforms of PGRP-LC and assessed the tissue-specific roles of PGRP-LC isoforms and PGRP-LE in the antibacterial response. Our in vivo studies demonstrate the key role of PGRP-LCx in sensing DAP-type peptidoglycan-containing Gram-negative bacteria or Gram-positive bacilli during systemic infection. We also highlight the contribution of PGRP-LCa/x heterodimers to the systemic immune response to Gram-negative bacteria through sensing of tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), whereas PGRP-LCy may have a minor role in antagonizing the immune response. Our results reveal that both PGRP-LC and PGRP-LE contribute to the intestinal immune response, with a predominant role of cytosolic PGRP-LE in the midgut, the central section of endodermal origin where PGRP-LE is enriched. Our in vivo model also definitively establishes TCT as the long-distance elicitor of systemic immune responses to intestinal bacteria observed in a loss-of-tolerance model. In conclusion, our study delineates how a combination of extracellular sensing by PGRP-LC isoforms and intracellular sensing through PGRP-LE provides sophisticated mechanisms to detect and differentiate between infections by different DAP-type bacteria in Drosophila.
A Soluble Form of LMIR5/CD300b Amplifies Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lethal Inflammation in Sepsis
Authors: Yamanishi Yoshinori , Takahashi Mariko , Izawa Kumi , Isobe Masamichi , Ito Shinichi , Tsuchiya Akiho , Maehara Akie , Kaitani Ayako , Uchida Tomoyuki , Togami Katsuhiro , Enomoto Yutaka , Nakahara Fumio , Oki Toshihiko , Kajikawa Masunori , Kurihara Hiroki , Kitamura Toshio , Kitaura Jiro 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Leukocyte mono-Ig–like receptor 5 (LMIR5, also called CD300b) is an activating receptor expressed in myeloid cells. We have previously demonstrated that T cell Ig mucin 1 works as a ligand for LMIR5 in mouse ischemia/reperfusion injury of the kidneys. In this article, we show that LMIR5 is implicated in LPS-induced sepsis in mice. Notably, neutrophils constitutively released a soluble form of LMIR5 (sLMIR5) through proteolytic cleavage of surface LMIR5. Stimulation with TLR agonists augmented the release of sLMIR5. LPS administration or peritonitis induction increased serum levels of sLMIR5 in mice, which was substantially inhibited by neutrophil depletion. Thus, neutrophils were the main source of LPS-induced sLMIR5 in vivo. On the other hand, i.p. administration of LMIR5-Fc, a surrogate of sLMIR5, bound to resident macrophages (Mϕ) and stimulated transient inflammation in mice. Consistently, LMIR5-Fc induced in vitro cytokine production of peritoneal Mϕ via its unknown ligand. Interestingly, LMIR5 deficiency profoundly reduced systemic cytokine production and septic mortality in LPS-administered mice, although it did not affect in vitro cytokine production of LPS-stimulated peritoneal Mϕ. Importantly, the resistance of LMIR5-deficient mice to LPS- or peritonitis-induced septic death was decreased by LMIR5-Fc administration, implicating sLMIR5 in LPS responses in vivo. Collectively, neutrophil-derived sLMIR5 amplifies LPS-induced lethal inflammation.
La mémoire de l’oubli : éloge de l’aliénation
Authors: Souchier Emmanuël 
Published: July 2012

Résumé L’auteur interroge les pratiques de communication banales qui saturent nos échanges quotidiens sans même que nous nous en apercevions. Dans la perspective d’une poétique de « l’infra-ordinaire », pour reprendre l’expression de Georges Perec, il nous invite à prêter attention à ces pratiques de communication communes que l’on n’a guère pris l’habitude d’interroger. Or ces objets usuels et ces dispositifs ordinaires posent des questions essentielles d’ordre anthropologique. Pour ce faire, il se focalise sur un processus paradoxal constitutif de la communication en acte : la mémoire de l’oubli . Il montre qu’il est nécessaire d’oublier les savoirs appris afin que la communication soit opérante. Les processus d’apprentissage privilégient quant à eux l’ancrage des cadres instituants de la communication sur lesquels repose l’imaginaire, la doxa de la société. La communication infra-ordinaire se coule ainsi dans les cadres instituants qui disparaissent aux yeux des acteurs. Le phénomène d’impensé du texte , et plus généralement d’impensé des médiations qui caractérise les pratiques de communication ordinaires et repose sur la mémoire de l’oubli permet ainsi de formuler un paradoxal éloge de l’aliénation : constitutive de la communication, l’aliénation infra-ordinaire privilégie en effet les économies d’énergie psychique.
Les jeunes face au changement climatique dans l’imaginaire romanesque
Authors: Fodor Ferenc 
Published: July 2012

Résumé Cet article s’intéresse à la fiction pour la jeunesse, qui a depuis longtemps intégré des thématiques sociétales comme celle du changement climatique. L’analyse de certaines de ces fictions met en évidence des mises en récit d’anticipation caractérisées par la prédominance de la contre-utopie. En effet, la question du changement climatique est reformulée sous la forme de la menace et de la catastrophe. La complexité du phénomène, les questions liées aux causes et aux conséquences du changement climatique sont abordées selon ce prisme et la responsabilité humaine est clairement affirmée, de manière dystopique. La question soulevée est alors celle de la possibilité d’imaginer d’autres formes de médiation narrative qui renverseraient le schéma catastrophiste.