bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal diseases in the past 17 years
Authors: Nakajima Shigemi , Nishiyama Yorihiro , Yamaoka Miyoko , Yasuoka Takashi , Cho Eisai 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The aim of the study was to examine whether the change in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection had influenced upper gastrointestinal diseases in a recent 17‐year period.Methods:  The prevalence of H. pylori infection was examined by serum H. pylori antibody tests in the subjects undergoing annual health checks at the Social Insurance Shiga Hospital in 1998 and 2005 (142 and 242 subjects, respectively). The prevalence of H. pylori infection in 1988 was estimated by parallel translation from the prevalence in 1998. A total of 2833 records of endoscopy performed in 1988 and 2005 at Otsu Municipal Hospital were studied. The age‐adjusted prevalence of peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and reflux esophagitis were compared between 1988 and 2005.Results:  The age‐adjusted prevalence of H. pylori infection significantly decreased in 2005 compared with 1988 (70.5–52.7%). The endoscopic records of 937 and 1246 patients in 1988 and 2005, respectively, were included in the analysis. The age‐adjusted prevalence of peptic ulcer significantly decreased 0.34‐fold in both men and women in 2005 compared with 1988. The age‐adjusted prevalence of gastric cancer significantly decreased 0.44‐fold in men, but did not change in women (0.99‐fold), and overall significantly decreased 0.56‐fold. The age‐adjusted prevalence of reflux esophagitis significantly increased 6.6‐, 2.7‐ and 4.8‐fold in men, women and total, respectively. The increase was dominant in men aged 30–69 years.Conclusion:  Over the 17‐year period, accompanying the decreasing prevalence of H. pylori infection, the age‐adjusted prevalence of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer decreased, but that of reflux esophagitis increased.
Increased expression of microRNA in the inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis
Authors: Takagi Tomohisa , Naito Yuji , Mizushima Katsura , Hirata Ikuhiro , Yagi Nobuaki , Tomatsuri Naoya , Ando Takashi , Oyamada Yuichi , Isozaki Yutaka , Hongo Hitoshi , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Handa Osamu , Kokura Satoshi , Ichikawa Hiroshi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  MicroRNA (miRNA) are endogenous, approximately 22‐nucleotide non‐coding RNA that suppress gene expression at post‐transcriptional levels by binding to the 3′‐untranslated region of specific mRNA targets through base‐pairing. It has been recently reported that miRNA have critical functions in key biological processes such as cell proliferation and cell death in various cancer cells. However, the relationship between intestinal inflammation and miRNA expression remains unclear. In the present study, we used microarray technology to identify miRNA induced in the colonic mucosa of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods:  Two colonic biopsy specimens from patients with active stage (>Matts grade 2) of UC under colonoscopy and two colonic biopsy specimens from healthy volunteers were obtained for gene expression profiles. Total RNA was extracted, and miRNA expression profiles were investigated using miRNA Microarray. Subsequently, to confirm the result of the Microarray investigation, we checked the expression of several selected miRNA using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 12 colonic biopsy specimens from patients with active UC under colonoscopy and 12 specimens from the healthy volunteers.Results:  In the microarray study, the expression of several miRNA was upregulated in the colonic mucosa of patients with active UC. Furthermore, two miRNA (miR‐21, miR‐155) were selected in the study using real‐time PCR.Conclusion:  Upregulated miRNA may be responsible for the development of intestinal inflammation in UC.
Endogenous prostaglandin E2accelerates healing of indomethacin‐induced small intestinal lesions through upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression by activation of EP4 receptors
Authors: Takeuchi Koji , Tanigami Mayu , Amagase Kikuko , Ochi Akimu , Okuda Sayaka , Hatazawa Ryo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims: The effects of an EP4 agonist/antagonist on the healing of lesions produced by indomethacin in the small intestine were examined in rats, especially in relation to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenesis.Methods: Animals were given indomethacin (10 mg/kg s.c.) and killed at various time points. To impair the healing of these lesions, a small dose of indomethacin (2 mg/kg p.o.) or AE3‐208 (EP4 antagonist: 3 mg/kg i.p.) was given once daily for 6 days after the ulceration was induced, with or without the co‐administration of AE1‐329 (EP4 agonist: 0.1 mg/kg i.p.).Results: Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) caused severe damage in the small intestine, but the lesions healed rapidly decreasing to approximately one‐fifth of their initial size within 7 days. The healing process was significantly impaired by indomethacin (2 mg/kg) given once daily for 6 days after the ulceration. This effect of indomethacin was mimicked by the EP4 antagonist and reversed by co‐administration of the EP4 agonist. Mucosal VEGF expression was upregulated after the ulceration, reaching a peak on day 3 followed by a decrease. The changes in VEGF expression paralleled those in mucosal cyclooxygenase‐2 expression, as well as prostaglandin E2(PGE2) content. Indomethacin (2 mg/kg) downregulated both VEGF expression and angiogenesis in the mucosa during the healing process, and these effects were significantly reversed by co‐treatment with the EP4 agonist.Conclusion: The results suggest that endogenous PGE2promotes the healing of small intestinal lesions by stimulating angiogenesis through the upregulation of VEGF expression mediated by the activation of EP4 receptors.
Investigation of gastroduodenal mucosal injuries caused by low‐dose aspirin therapy in patients with cerebral infarction
Authors: Nema Hiroaki , Kato Mototsugu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Low‐dose aspirin is used as a preventive treatment for ischemic heart disease and ischemic cerebrovascular disease, on the other hand gastrointestinal injuries are an adverse effect of aspirin. We reported that endoscopic surveillance reveals a high risk of gastroduodenal ulcer and erosion in aspirin users of ischemic heart disease. But risk of gastroduodenal injuries may be different among pre‐existing disease. In the present study, endoscopic examination was performed to investigate the frequency of gastroduodenal injuries associated with low‐dose aspirin in patients with cerebrovascular disease.Methods:  Routine examination using upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy was prospectively performed for all patients admitted to Sasson Hospital for rehabilitation after cerebral infarction from April 2005 to September 2007. Endoscopic findings such as ulcers and flat erosions were assessed as mucosal injuries.Results:  Endoscopic examination was performed for 142 successive patients, divided into three groups: 70 patients as low‐dose aspirin users (aspirin group); 61 as non‐aspirin users (non‐aspirin group); and 11 as multi‐drug users of aspirin plus other anti‐platelet drugs (combination group). The aspirin group without anti‐ulcer drugs (A‐ group) comprised 47 patients and the non‐aspirin group without anti‐ulcer drugs (NA‐ group) 31 patients. Mucosal injuries were detected in 29.8% of the A‐ group and in 6.4% of the NA‐ group (P < 0.05). The frequency of ulcer was similar between the A‐ group (6.4%) and NA‐ group (3.2%).Conclusion:  Endoscopy reveals low‐dose aspirin‐induced gastroduodenal injuries in patients with cerebral infarction.
Suppression of lymphangiogenesis induced by Flt‐4 antibody in gastric low‐grade mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma by Helicobacter heilmannii infection
Authors: Nakamura Masahiko , Matsui Hidenori , Takahashi Tetsufumi , Ogawa Satoshi , Tamura Ryo , Murayama Somay Y , Takahashi Shinichi , Tsuchimoto Kanji 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Our recent study revealed that per oral infection with Helicobacter heilmannii induced low‐grade mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in the gastric fundus of C57BL/6 mice after a period of 6 months, although the pathophysiological mechanism of lymphoma expansion remains to be clarified. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the interaction of this tumor with angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. In addition, the effect of Flt‐4 antibodies on lymphoma expansion was investigated.Methods:  C57BL/6 female mice infected with H. heilmannii for 3 months were used in the experiments. Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF‐C) and Flt‐4 immunoreactivity were detected by indirect immunohistochemical methods. Localization of lymphatic and vascular endothelial cells was investigated by localization of prox‐1. In addition, Flt‐4 antibody with and without Flt‐1 or Flk‐1 antibodies was administered i.p. to clarify their effects on tumor size.Results:  MALT lymphoma has a rich microvascular network consisting of immature capillaries, lymphatics and venules. By immunohistochemical analysis, prox‐1 immunoreactivity was observed mostly in the marginal area of the lymphoma, where VEGF‐C and Flt‐4 immunoreactivities were also seen. Stereomicroscopic study revealed that administration of Flt‐4 and Flt‐1 antibodies significantly reduced the surface area of the lymphoma in the mouse stomach.Conclusion:  A VEGF‐C‐mediated mechanism plays an important role in the expansion of MALT lymphoma and the administration of VEGF receptor antibodies had a suppressive effect on tumor growth.
Spectra of functional gastrointestinal disorders diagnosed by Rome III integrative questionnaire in a Japanese outpatient office and the impact of overlapping
Authors: Nakajima Shigemi , Takahashi Keiko , Sato Jin , Fukuda Masako , Yamamoto Kazuo , Inoue Tetsuya , Okumura Yoshiaki , Fujiyama Yoshihide 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  The aim of this study was to establish the spectra of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in a Japanese outpatient office in Rome III.Methods:  The Rome III Diagnostic Questionnaire for Adult Functional GI Disorders was translated into Japanese and an automated analyzing program was made according to the scoring algorithm of the questionnaire. Among 1378 patients who visited the outpatient office of the Social Insurance Shiga Hospital between May 2007 and April 2009, 112 serial patients who had symptoms possibly originating from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but did not have evidence of organic disease, were recruited. The subjects answered the questionnaire, and the answers were analyzed with the automatic analyzer.Results:  During the study period, 94 of the 112 patients were diagnosed as having active FGID. Non‐overlapping FGID was diagnosed in 41 (43.6%) of those. Of the 41 non‐overlapping FGID patients, the most frequent diagnosis was irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in 13 patients. Including overlapping cases, 165 FGID were diagnosed in 94 patients. The most frequent diagnosis was IBS in 33 patients (35.1%), the second was functional dyspepsia (FD) in 29 (30.9%) and the third was functional constipation in 21 (22.3%). The most frequent FGID overlapping with IBS was FD (36.4%), and the most frequent FGID overlapping with FD was IBS (41.4%). Of the 29 FD patients, 20 (69.0%) had functional bowel disorders.Conclusion:  The most frequent FGID was IBS in both overlapping and non‐overlapping FGID patients. IBS and FD were the most frequent combinations in overlapping FGID. Most cases of FD are possibly parts of functional bowel disorders.
Early bronchiectasis in cystic fibrosis detected by surveillance CT
Authors: PILLARISETTI Naveen , LINNANE Barry , RANGANATHAN Sarath 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTThere is emerging evidence that cystic fibrosis lung disease begins early in infancy. Newborn screening allows early detection and surveillance of pulmonary disease and the possibility of early intervention in this life‐shortening condition. We report two children with cystic fibrosis who underwent a comprehensive assessment from diagnosis that included measurement of lung function, limited‐slice high‐resolution CT and BAL performed annually. Early aggressive surveillance enabled significant lung disease and bronchiectasis to be detected during the first few years of life and led to a change in management, highlighting a clinical role for CT scanning during the preschool years in children with cystic fibrosis.
Is extended and saturation biopsy necessary?
Authors: Scattoni Vincenzo , Maccagnano Carmen , Zanni Giuseppe , Angiolilli Diego , Raber Marco , Roscigno Marco , Rigatti Patrizio , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: April 2010

AbstractProstate biopsy (PBx) techniques have significantly changed since the original Hodge's ‘sextant scheme’, which should now be considered obsolete. The feasibility of carrying out a biopsy scheme with a high number of cores in an outpatient setting is a result of the great improvement and efficacy of local anesthesia. Peri‐prostatic nerve block with lidocaine injection should be considered the ‘gold standard’ because it provides the best pain relief to patients undergoing PBx. The optimal extended protocol should now include the sextant template with an additional 4–6 cores directed laterally (anterior horn) to the base and medially to the apex. Saturation biopsies (i.e. template with ≥20 cores, including transition zone) should be carried out only when biopsies are repeated in patients where there is a high suspicion of prostate cancer. Complementary imaging methods (such as color‐ and power‐Doppler imaging, with or without contrast enhancement, and elastography) could be used in order to increase the accuracy of biopsy and reduce the number of unnecessary procedures. Nevertheless, the routine use of these methods is still under evaluation.
Rectal injury during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: Detection and management
Authors: Masuda Tomoko , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Nishida Sachiyo , Kawa Gen , Kawakita Mutsushi , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAmong 294 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), five (1.7%) developed complications such as rectal injury (RI) and rectourethral fistula (RUF). In four patients, the RI was immediately repaired by placing two layers of uninterrupted sutures without fecal diversion. The RI in two of these four patients were diagnosed using a transrectally inserted Hegar uterine dilator (26 mm). The remaining patients, who presented with RUF as the primary manifestation, were conservatively managed, and the fistulas closed spontaneously. Most of the RI detected during the operation were managed with primary fistula closure without fecal diversion. In some cases of postoperative RUF, spontaneous closure may occur while the patient is waiting for surgical repair.
Erythematous and bullous rash strongly indicating toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with the use of intravenous ritodrine hydrochloride
Authors: Shiba Masahiro , Kido Koichiro , Umezawa Koichi , Higaki Hiroshi , Matsumoto Sachiyo , Taguchi Akinori , Hayashi Takashi , Higaki Yuko , Sasamori Yukifumi , Shinozuka Norio , Fuse Yoji , Kikuchi Akihiko , Ayabe Takuya 
Published: April 2010

AbstractToxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a very rare drug reaction associated with a high mortality rate. This condition warrants prompt recognition, diagnosis and treatment. Only one case report of TEN that was possibly induced by ritodrine hydrochloride, a tocolytic agent, was found in English literature. Here, we report the case of a 26‐year‐old pregnant woman who was suspected with TEN following the intravenous administration of ritodrine hydrochloride in the 35th week of gestation. An emergency cesarean section was performed because the labor pains caused systemic intolerable haphalgesia. After the surgery, intensive dermatological treatment commenced, which helped her recover from the serious condition. The result of the drug‐induced lymphocyte stimulation test for ritodrine hydrochloride was positive. When a skin eruption appears during the administration of ritodrine, we must consider the benefits as well as the risks of continuous use of tocolytic agents because there is a risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome or TEN.
First trimester examination of fetal nasal bone in the Turkish population
Authors: Ozer Alev , Ozaksıt Gulnur , Kanat‐Pektas Mine , Ozer Serdar 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAim:  The present study aims to assign the reference values for nasal bone length (NBL) screened at 11–14 weeks of pregnancy in the Turkish population, determining whether the NBLs specified for Caucasians can be validated for Turkish people.Materials & Methods:  The values of NBL were investigated in a total of 415 singleton fetuses that had Turkish parents and normal neonatal outcome. Sonographic measurements of NBL were done on a transabdominal midsagittal plane at 11–14 weeks' gestation. Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between NBL and crown‐rump length (CRL). Reference values, including the 5th, 50th and 95thpercentiles, were calculated for each gestational age.Results:  The mean NBL was estimated to be 2.5 mm for 11–11+6/7 weeks, 2.9 mm for 12–12+6/7 and 3.4 mm for 13–13+6/7 weeks' gestation. The measurements of NBL showed a significant increase with CRL so that a linear and direct correlation was found between NBL and CRL (NBL = 0.267 + 0.043 × CRL, P < 0.001). Moreover, a significant and linear relationship was detected between NBL and gestational age (NBL = −3.858 + 0.537 × gestational age, P < 0.001).Conclusion:  The measurement of NBL is found to be achievable in the majority of first trimester pregnancies. The reference range of NBL in normal Turkish fetuses is established so that basic data can be recorded for further studies related to NBL measurements in screening for various chromosomal abnormalities including Down syndrome within Turkish population.
Presynaptic and postsynaptic origin of multicomponent extracellular waveforms at the endbulb of Held–spherical bushy cell synapse
Authors: Typlt Marei , Haustein Martin D. , Dietz Beatrice , Steinert Jörn R. , Witte Mirko , Englitz Bernhard , Milenkovic Ivan , Kopp‐Scheinpflug Cornelia , Forsythe Ian D. , Rübsamen Rudolf 
Published: April 2010

AbstractExtracellular signals from the endbulb of Held–spherical bushy cell (SBC) synapse exhibit up to three component waves (‘P’, ‘A’ and ‘B’). Signals lacking the third component (B) are frequently observed but as the origin of each of the components is uncertain, interpretation of this lack of B has been controversial: is it a failure to release transmitter or a failure to generate or propagate an action potential? Our aim was to determine the origin of each component. We combined single‐ and multiunit in vitro methods in Mongolian gerbils and Wistar rats and used pharmacological tools to modulate glutamate receptors or voltage‐gated sodium channels. Simultaneous extra‐ and intracellular recordings from single SBCs demonstrated a presynaptic origin of the P‐component, consistent with data obtained with multielectrode array recordings of local field potentials. The later components (A and B) correspond to the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and action potential of the SBC, respectively. These results allow a clear interpretation of in vivo extracellular signals. We conclude that action potential failures occurring at the endbulb–SBC synaptic junction largely reflect failures of the EPSP to trigger an action potential and not failures of synaptic transmission. The data provide the basis for future investigation of convergence of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in modulating transmission at a fully functional neuronal system using physiological stimulation.
Nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HDAC9 regulates gene expression and dendritic growth in developing cortical neurons
Authors: Sugo Noriyuki , Oshiro Hiroaki , Takemura Mitsuhiro , Kobayashi Toshiaki , Kohno Yusuke , Uesaka Naofumi , Song Wen‐Jie , Yamamoto Nobuhiko 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTranscriptional regulation of gene expression is thought to play a pivotal role in activity‐dependent neuronal differentiation and circuit formation. Here, we investigated the role of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), which regulates transcription by histone modification, in the development of neocortical neurons. The translocation of HDAC9 from nucleus to cytoplasm was induced by an increase of spontaneous firing activity in cultured mouse cortical neurons. This nucleocytoplasmic translocation was also observed in postnatal development in vivo. The translocation‐induced gene expression and cellular morphology was further examined by introducing an HDAC9 mutant that disrupts the nucleocytoplasmic translocation. Expression of c‐fos, an immediately‐early gene, was suppressed in the mutant‐transfected cells regardless of neural activity. Moreover, the introduction of the mutant decreased the total length of dendritic branches, whereas knockdown of HDAC9 promoted dendritic growth. These findings indicate that chromatin remodeling with nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HDAC9 regulates activity‐dependent gene expression and dendritic growth in developing cortical neurons.
Effects of cavernous nerve reconstruction on expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in rats
Authors: Schlenker Boris , Matiasek Kaspar , Saur Dieter , Gratzke Christian , Bauer Ricarda M. , Herouy Yared , Arndt Christian , Blesch Armin , Hartung Rudolf , Stief Christian G. , Weidner Norbert , May Florian 
Published: April 2010

Study Type – Aetiology (case control) Level of Evidence 2bOBJECTIVETo evaluate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms after various reconstruction techniques in rats, to improve the understanding of neuronal repair mechanisms after radical prostatectomy, as Schwann cell‐seeded guidance tubes have been shown to promote cavernous nerve regeneration, and glial cell‐line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)‐overexpressing Schwann cells enhance nerve regenerative capacity.MATERIALS AND METHODSSegments (5 mm) of the cavernous nerve were excised bilaterally, followed by immediate bilateral microsurgical reconstruction. In four rats per group, the eight nerves were reconstructed by autologous nerve grafting (A), interposition of Schwann cell‐seeded silicon tubes (B), or silicon tubes seeded with GDNF‐hypersecreting Schwann cells (C). Further rats were either sham‐operated (D) or had nerve excision without repair (E). Erectile function was evaluated after 6 weeks by re‐laparotomy, electrical nerve stimulation and morphological evaluation of reconstructed nerves. NOS isoform mRNA expression was analysed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction in tissue specimens taken from the corpora cavernosa.RESULTSGDNF‐transduced Schwann cell grafts restored erectile function better than untransduced Schwann cell and autologous nerve grafts (88% vs 75% vs 38%; not significant). Tissue specimens in group C had the highest expression of neuronal NOS mRNA in relation to the neuronal marker PGP9.5 among all treatment groups (not significant). Compared to nerve grafts (A) and negative controls (E) nNOS/PGP9.5 expression was significantly higher (P < 0.05). Both inducible NOS and endothelial NOS expression did not differ significantly among the various groups. Morphological evaluation showed significantly larger cross‐sectional areas and a higher percentage of neural tissue than in untransduced Schwann cell grafts (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSRestoration of erectile function is paralleled by an increase of neuronal NOS expression in rats. Further experiments will determine the physiological role of neuronal NOS in erectile nerve repair processes.