bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer-Assisted Surgery in the Lower Jaw: Double Surgical Guide for Immediately Loaded Implants in Postextractive Sites—Technical Notes and a Case Report
Authors: De Santis Daniele , Canton Luciano Claudio , Cucchi Alessandro , Zanotti Guglielmo , Pistoia Enrico , Nocini Pier Francesco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractComputer-assisted surgery is based on computerized tomography (CT) scan technology to plan the placement of dental implants and a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology to create a custom surgical template. It provides guidance for insertion implants after analysis of existing alveolar bone and planning of implant position, which can be immediately loaded, therefore achieving esthetic and functional results in a surgical stage. The absence of guidelines to treat dentulous areas is often due to a lack of computer-assisted surgery. The authors have attempted to use this surgical methodology to replace residual teeth with an immediate implantoprosthetic restoration. The aim of this case report is to show the possibility of treating a dentulous patient by applying a computer-assisted surgical protocol associated with the use of a double surgical template: one before extraction and a second one after extraction of selected teeth.
Treatment of a Maxillary Dento-Alveolar Defect Using an Immediately Loaded Definitive Zygoma Implant-Retained Prosthesis With 11-Month Follow-Up: A Clinical Report
Authors: Baig Mirza Rustum , Rajan Gunaseelan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article describes the dental implant-based rehabilitation of a partially edentulous patient with a unilateral maxillary dento-alveolar defect. A screw-retained prosthesis with a modified design was fabricated on zygomatic and regular dental implants. One section of the implant prosthesis has cemented crowns and the other section is conventional screw-retained. The design of the prosthesis overcame the hard and soft tissue deficit and provided the desired esthetics.
Periosteal Releasing Incision for Successful Coverage of Augmented Sites. A Technical Note
Authors: Romanos George E. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The periosteal releasing incision (PRI) is very common in intraoral surgical procedures, especially when flap advancement is indicated, that is, when vertical or horizontal augmentations take place. This technical note describes the surgical skills for sufficient flap advancement. Complications due to improper PRI are also discussed.
Everolimus (RAD001) in the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review
Authors: Agarwala Sanjiv S. , Case Scott 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Historically, there have been few treatment options for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) besides immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and interferon (IFN)-α. Targeted therapies have improved clinical outcomes over the past several years. These include the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib, which inhibit angiogenic signaling in endothelial cells and vascular pericytes predominantly through VEGFR and platelet-derived growth factor receptor β. Also included is the anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab used in combination with IFN-α. These agents mediate their antitumor effects by interfering with the VEGF signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis and causing tumor shrinkage. However, ultimately, most patients develop resistance and experience disease progression during VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy, and until the recent approval of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus (RAD001), there were no agents available with proven activity in this setting. This review describes the clinical development of everolimus in advanced RCC and the rationale for the use of mTOR inhibitors after failure of VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors.
Periodontal‐Endodontic Lesion of a Three‐Rooted Maxillary Premolar: Report of a Case
Authors: Blanchard Steven B. , Almasri Amjad , Gray Jonathon L. 
Published: March 2010

Background: A 43‐year‐old African American male initially presented for a dental evaluation of a recurrent swelling on the buccal aspect of tooth #12. His medical history was unremarkable except for a 20–pack year history of smoking. He was eventually diagnosed as having a necrotic pulp #12, and received root canal treatment. The patient's problem was unresolved, and he was subsequently referred for a periodontal evaluation with a presumptive diagnosis of a periodontal abscess.Methods: A flap was reflected from teeth #11 through #15. A buccal furcation invasion was discovered on #12. Shortly thereafter, three distinct roots with three grade III furcation invasions were located. The tooth was deemed untreatable, and was extracted. The thin buccal plate of the extraction socket was preserved using freeze‐dried bone allograft to facilitate future prosthodontic replacement.Results: Healing was uneventful. Periodontal open flap debridement surgery was provided for the remainder of the mouth, and the patient was placed on a 3‐month recall program.Conclusions: Periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions are among the most daunting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced by periodontists. This is particularly true for maxillary premolars with multiple roots. The tooth in this case, once periodontally involved, had a very poor prognosis. The prognosis was further compromised by the pulpal involvement. Therapy consisted of extraction of the tooth to relieve the patient's discomfort and treating the adjacent teeth with periodontal open flap debridement surgery. A review of the literature pertinent to the diagnosis and management of periodontal‐endodontic lesions is also presented.
Cardiac-Specific IGF-1 Receptor Transgenic Expression Protects Against Cardiac Fibrosis and Diastolic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Huynh Karina , McMullen Julie R. , Julius Tracey L. , Tan Joon Win , Love Jane E. , Cemerlang Nelly , Kiriazis Helen , Du Xiao-Jun , Ritchie Rebecca H. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Compelling epidemiological and clinical evidence has identified a specific cardiomyopathy in diabetes, characterized by early diastolic dysfunction and adverse structural remodeling. Activation of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor (IGF-1R) promotes physiological cardiac growth and enhances contractile function. The aim of the present study was to examine whether cardiac-specific overexpression of IGF-1R prevents diabetes-induced myocardial remodeling and dysfunction associated with a murine model of diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Type 1 diabetes was induced in 7-week-old male IGF-1R transgenic mice using streptozotocin and followed for 8 weeks. Diastolic and systolic function was assessed using Doppler and M-mode echocardiography, respectively, in addition to cardiac catheterization. Cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte width, heart weight index, gene expression, Akt activity, and IGF-1R protein content were also assessed.

RESULTS
Nontransgenic (Ntg) diabetic mice had reduced initial (E)-to-second (A) blood flow velocity ratio (E:A ratio) and prolonged deceleration times on Doppler echocardiography compared with nondiabetic counterparts, indicative markers of diastolic dysfunction. Diabetes also increased cardiomyocyte width, collagen deposition, and prohypertrophic and profibrotic gene expression compared with Ntg nondiabetic littermates. Overexpression of the IGF-1R transgene markedly reduced collagen deposition, accompanied by a reduction in the incidence of diastolic dysfunction. Akt phosphorylation was elevated ∼15-fold in IGF-1R nondiabetic mice compared with Ntg, and this was maintained in a setting of diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
The current study suggests that cardiac overexpression of IGF-1R prevented diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Targeting IGF-1R–Akt signaling may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic cardiac disease.
Association Between Glycemia, Serum Lipoproteins, and the Risk of Oral Leukoplakia
Authors: Meisel Peter , Dau Michael , Sümnig Wolfgang , Holtfreter Birte , Houshmand Mohammad , Nauck Matthias , Kocher Thomas 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Oral leukoplakia is an oral lesion with a premalignant character. Besides smoking and alcohol, diabetes could be a risk factor. The aim is to search for such an association.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects with leukoplakia (N = 123) from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) were matched 1:2 for age and sex with unaffected control subjects. Behavioral and lifestyle factors were assessed by a questionnaire. Lipoprotein concentrations, glycemia, and inflammation parameters were determined.

RESULTS
Subjects with oral leukoplakia showed higher levels of diabetes-related metabolites, a higher LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (P = 0.004), and higher A1C (P = 0.002), and they were more frequently smokers (P &lt; 0.001). Assessed by conditional logistic regression, the probability of leukoplakia increases with current smoking (odds ratio 2.20 [95% CI 1.16–4.17]) and higher levels of A1C (1.51 [95% CI 1.08–2.12]), revealing interaction between both factors (P = 0.012).

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes is associated with the risk of oral leukoplakia, which is exaggerated by smoking. The risk is positively correlated with A1C concentrations.
Explanations for the Lower Rates of Diabetic Neuropathy in Indian Asians Versus Europeans
Authors: Abbott Caroline A. , Chaturvedi Nishi , Malik Rayaz A. , Salgami Eleanna , Yates Allen P. , Pemberton Philip W. , Boulton Andrew J.M. 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease are elevated worldwide in Indian Asians. However, risks of other diabetes-related complications, i.e., foot ulceration and amputation, also with a vascular basis, are substantially lower in Asians than in white Europeans in the U.K., possibly due to less neuropathy. We therefore compared signs, symptoms, and objective quantitative measures of diabetic neuropathy and their risk factors in Indian Asians and Europeans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of a population-based sample of age- and sex-matched adults with type 2 diabetes of European (95 male and 85 female) and Asian (96 male and 84 female) descent in the U.K. Patients were assessed for neuropathic symptoms, signs, nerve conduction, autonomic function, and quantitative sensory testing. Peripheral vascular function and other potential risk factors for neuropathy were measured.

RESULTS
Mean nerve conduction velocity Z scores were better in Asians (mean ± SD 0.07 ± 0.62) than in Europeans (−0.11 ± 0.60; P = 0.007) and were explained by the shorter height, fewer pack-years smoked, and higher transcutaneous oxygen levels (TCpO2) in Indian Asians (P value for ethnic comparison attenuated to 0.2). Small fiber neuropathy was less prevalent in Indian Asians compared with Europeans (odds ratio 0.58 [95% CI 0.37–0.93]; P = 0.02) and was primarily accounted for by better TCpO2 (0.70 [0.40–1.21]; P = 0.2).

CONCLUSIONS
Asians with diabetes have substantially less large and small fiber neuropathy than Europeans, despite comparable traditional risk factors. Independent from smoking, the lower risk of neuropathy in Asians is due to better skin microvascularization and may help explain the substantially reduced Asian foot ulcer risk.
Glucose Intolerance and Cardiometabolic Risk in Adolescents Exposed to Maternal Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Tam Wing Hung , Ma Ronald Ching Wan , Yang Xilin , Li Albert Martin , Ko Gary Tin Choi , Kong Alice Pik Shan , Lao Terence Tzu Hsi , Chan Michael Ho Ming , Lam Christopher Wai Kei , Chan Juliana Chung Ngor 
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Adolescent offspring of women with a history of gestational diabetes (GD) were evaluated for their cardiometabolic risks at a mean age of 15 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
One hundred and twenty-nine adolescents who were assessed for their cardiometabolic risks at 8 years of age were reassessed at 15 years of age.

RESULTS
Adolescent offspring of mothers with GD had similar blood pressure, plasma lipid profile, and a rate of abnormal glucose tolerance as control subjects. In utero hyperinsulinemia was associated with a 17-fold increase in metabolic syndrome and a 10-fold increase in overweight at adolescence, independent of birth weight, Tanner stage, maternal GD status, and mother's BMI.

CONCLUSIONS
In utero environment of hyperinsulinemia, irrespective of the degree of maternal GD, was associated with increased risk of overweight and metabolic syndrome during early adolescence in the offspring.
Effects of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction on Mortality Risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial
Authors: Pop-Busui Rodica , Evans Gregory W. , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Fonseca Vivian , Fleg Jerome L. , Hoogwerf Byron J. , Genuth Saul , Grimm Richard H. , Corson Marshall A. , Prineas Ronald ,   the ACCORD Study Group
Published: March 2010

OBJECTIVE
Intensive therapy targeting normal blood glucose increased mortality compared with standard treatment in a randomized clinical trial of 10,251 participants with type 2 diabetes at high-risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. We evaluated whether the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) at baseline modified the effect of intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment on mortality outcomes in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial participants.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
CAN was assessed by measures of heart rate variability (HRV) and QT index (QTI) computed from 10-s resting electrocardiograms in 8,135 ACCORD trial participants with valid measurements (mean age 63.0 years, 40% women). Prespecified CAN definitions included a composite of the lowest quartile of HRV and highest QTI quartile in the presence or absence of peripheral neuropathy. Outcomes were all-cause and CVD mortality. Associations between CAN and mortality were evaluated by proportional hazards analysis, adjusting for treatment group allocation, CVD history, and multiple prespecified baseline covariates.

RESULTS
During a mean 3.5 years follow-up, there were 329 deaths from all causes. In fully adjusted analyses, participants with baseline CAN were 1.55–2.14 times as likely to die as participants without CAN, depending on the CAN definition used (P &lt; 0.02 for all). The effect of allocation to the intensive group on all-cause and CVD mortality was similar in participants with or without CAN at baseline (Pinteraction &gt; 0.7).

CONCLUSIONS
Whereas CAN was associated with increased mortality in this high-risk type 2 diabetes cohort, these analyses indicate that participants with CAN at baseline had similar mortality outcomes from intensive compared with standard glycemia treatment in the ACCORD cohort.
Wing lengths of Clamorous Reed Warblers Acrocephalus stentoreus in Israel
Authors: Morgan John 
Published: March 2010

Wing lengths of Clamorous Reed Warblers Acrocephalus stentoreus in Israel
Wing length measurements taken from first-year, pre- and post-moulting (annual, complete) Clamorous Reed Warblers were recorded at a site in northern Israel. The resulting data set was examined using a time-series of residuals (CUSUM). Results from this analysis can explain the reported heterogeneity found in a comparable data set by Merom et al. (1999). Further observations made in their paper are rebutted: (1) an implied assumption that Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) spring migration in Israel ends by 1 May is contrary to other publications; (2) the late autumn occurence in N Israel of longer-winged 1st cal. yr. Reed Warblers, unconvincingly explained as either delayed migration by larger individuals or post fledging feather growth, is most likely due to birds from different provenances origins moving at different seasons; (3) growth during adulthood in Reed Warbler is not a new discovery, though presented as such.
Use of AFLP molecular markers for estimating genetic similarity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Sl.)
Authors: Dobrzycka Agnieszka , Broda Zbigniew , Bocianowski Jan , Ćwiklinska Anna 
Published: March 2010

Use of AFLP molecular markers for estimating genetic similarity of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. Sl.)The aim of study was to determine genetic similarity among sixteen alfalfa populations using the AFLP technique. Plant material was selected considering the high genotypic variability. It included populations of different origin: native forms of alfalfa (secondary ecotypes), inbred lines, single hybrids, synthetic populations, varieties and mutants. Analysis was carried out using 10 combinations of primers. It was noticed, that in case of the studied alfalfa populations, the highest polymorphism was obtained using primers with three selective nucleotides. The genetic similarity coefficients were calculated by the method of Nei and Li. Those coefficients were used for the hierarchical grouping of objects by the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means. Results of the grouping were presented in the form of dendrogram. Values of coefficients ranged from 0.3311 (between the inbred F line and the Ulstar variety) to 0.8076 (between ecotype 27 and the synthetic population Syn 7-3). Dendrogram of genetic similarity obtained in this way did not fully correspond with the known data about the studied populations' origin. Considering the genetic similarity, inbreed line F was the most outlying from the studied populations of alfalfa.
Evolution of the Concept Map Based Adaptive Knowledge Assessment System: Implementation and Evaluation Results
Authors: Grundspenkis Janis , Anohina Alla 
Published: March 2010

Evolution of the Concept Map Based Adaptive Knowledge Assessment System: Implementation and Evaluation ResultsThe paper represents the concept map based adaptive knowledge assessment system. Advantages of concept maps are analyzed emphasizing that the approach offers a reasonable balance between requirements to assess higher levels of knowledge according to Bloom's taxonomy and complexity of a system. Concept maps allow revealing of student's knowledge structure, promote system thinking and support process oriented learning where a study course is divided into stages in each of which knowledge assessment is carried out. The developed knowledge assessment system consists from a teacher's, learner's and administrator's modules and is implemented as a multiagent system. Four prototypes of the system developed within four projects are described. The first prototype supports only fill-in-the-map tasks where a learner must put given concepts in correct places. The second prototype provides changing the degree of task difficulty, thus, performing adaptation to a learner's knowledge level. The set of tasks are also extended by construct-the-map tasks. Improvements implemented in the third prototype allow using of directed arcs and standard relationships in concept maps. The three-tier architecture used in the fourth prototype is chosen to rise the security level of the system. Besides that learner's support is considerably expanded giving help and tutoring to a learner. Results of evaluation of the developed system's prototypes in different study courses are presented. The paper concludes with the comparison of all four prototypes using all main characteristics of the developed knowledge assessment system.
Knowledge assessment systems: an overview
Authors: Lukashenko Romans , Anohina Alla 
Published: March 2010

Knowledge assessment systems: an overviewThe paper gives on overview of computer-assisted assessment systems. The general definition of computer-assisted assessment is provided and the application of objective and subjective testing systems is described. Moreover, advantages and drawbacks related both to computer-assisted assessment in general and to objective and subjective testing systems in particular are identified. The overall architecture of a computer-assisted assessment system in terms of components, their functions and interaction is presented. The necessity to provide intelligent and adaptive support in computer-assisted assessment systems is stated and kinds of the mentioned support in existent systems are described. Special attention is devoted to the student model that is used with the aim to adapt the system to the needs of a specific user. The basic kinds of information stored in the student model and their sources are defined, as well as the available classifications of the student model on the basis of different criteria are summarized. The paper also provides information on intelligent and adaptive support in the concept map based knowledge assessment system that has been developed at Riga Technical University, as well as identifies further development directions of the mentioned system.
Usage of Graph Patterns for Knowledge Assessment Based on Concept Maps
Authors: Grundspenkis Janis , Strautmane Maija 
Published: March 2010

Usage of Graph Patterns for Knowledge Assessment Based on Concept MapsThe paper discusses application of concepts maps (CMs) for knowledge assessment. CMs are graphs which nodes represent concepts and arcs represent relationships between them. CMs reveal learners' knowledge structure and allow assessing their knowledge level. Step-by-step construction and use of CMs is easy. However, mere comparison of expert constructed and learners' completed CMs forces students to construct their knowledge exactly in the same way as experts. At the same time it is known that individuals construct their knowledge structures in different ways. The developed adaptive knowledge assessment system which is implemented as multiagent system includes the knowledge evaluation agent which carries out the comparison of CMs. The paper presents a novel approach to comparison of CMs using graph patterns. Graph patterns are subgraphs, i.e., paths with limited length. Graph patterns are given for both fill-in-the-map tasks where CM structure is predefined and construct-the-map tasks. The corresponding production rules of graph patterns allow to expand the expert's constructed CM and in this way to promote more flexible and adaptive knowledge assessment.
An approach to classification of MDA tools
Authors: Chernichkin Anton , Nikiforova Oksana 
Published: March 2010

An approach to classification of MDA tools
Nowadays there is a wide variety of tools, supporting the idea of software development process to be enriched by the principles of modelling—the source code is being generated from the model. Many of these purporting to be "MDA complaint" as well. Model driven architecture offers an approach to software development process that provides a separation of concerns, keeping the appropriate level of abstraction on each stage of development. Furthermore, the source code can be generated in a formal way, requiring no interference from the developer. There are two types of software development tools: the former type represents the semiautomatic approach, where the software is supposed to be created using system's model and code transformations, also considering different types of routines, which are done manually, while the latter type is an automatic solution, where no manual steps or routines are required. The original article defines various perspectives on positioning of MDA tools among CASE tools for software development, as well as proposes a methodological approach on classification of MDA tools. One of the perspectives that can be used in the MDA tool classification approach corresponds with the Model Driven Development life cycle, while the other one defines the role of modelling and model application levels in a whole development process. In addition, various sets of features have been defined, in order to clarify the accordance level of these tools from the MDA perspective.