bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole body physiology model to simulate respiratory depression of fentanyl and associated naloxone reversal
Authors: Baird Austin , White Steven A. , Das Rishi , Tatum Nathan , Bisgaard Erika K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Opioid use in the United States and abroad is an endemic part of society with yearly increases in overdose rates and deaths. In response, the use of the safe and effective reversal agent, naloxone, is being fielded and used by emergency medical technicians at a greater rate. There is evidence that repeated dosing of a naloxone nasal spray is becoming more common. Despite this we lack repeated dosing guidelines as a function of the amount of opiate the patient has taken.

Methods
To measure repeat dosing guidelines, we construct a whole-body model of the pharmacokinetics and dynamics of an opiate, fentanyl on respiratory depression. We then construct a model of nasal deposition and administration of naloxone to investigate repeat dosing requirements for large overdose scenarios. We run a single patient through multiple goal directed resuscitation protocols and measure total naloxone administered.

Results
Here we show that naloxone is highly effective at reversing the respiratory symptoms of the patient and recommend dosing requirements as a function of the fentanyl amount administered. We show that for increasing doses of fentanyl, naloxone requirements also increase. The rescue dose displays a nonlinear response to the initial opioid dose. This nonlinear response is largely logistic with three distinct phases: onset, rapid acceleration, and a plateau period for doses above 1.2 mg.

Conclusions
This paper investigates the total naloxone dose needed to properly reverse respiratory depression associated with fentanyl overdose. We show that the current guidelines for a rescue dose may be much lower than required.
Distinct brain morphometry patterns revealed by deep learning improve prediction of post-stroke aphasia severity
Authors: Teghipco Alex , Newman-Norlund Roger , Fridriksson Julius , Rorden Christopher , Bonilha Leonardo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Emerging evidence suggests that post-stroke aphasia severity depends on the integrity of the brain beyond the lesion. While measures of lesion anatomy and brain integrity combine synergistically to explain aphasic symptoms, substantial interindividual variability remains unaccounted. One explanatory factor may be the spatial distribution of morphometry beyond the lesion (e.g., atrophy), including not just specific brain areas, but distinct three-dimensional patterns.

Methods
Here, we test whether deep learning with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on whole brain morphometry (i.e., segmented tissue volumes) and lesion anatomy better predicts chronic stroke individuals with severe aphasia (N = 231) than classical machine learning (Support Vector Machines; SVMs), evaluating whether encoding spatial dependencies identifies uniquely predictive patterns.

Results
CNNs achieve higher balanced accuracy and F1 scores, even when SVMs are nonlinear or integrate linear or nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Parity only occurs when SVMs access features learned by CNNs. Saliency maps demonstrate that CNNs leverage distributed morphometry patterns, whereas SVMs focus on the area around the lesion. Ensemble clustering of CNN saliencies reveals distinct morphometry patterns unrelated to lesion size, consistent across individuals, and which implicate unique networks associated with different cognitive processes as measured by the wider neuroimaging literature. Individualized predictions depend on both ipsilateral and contralateral features outside the lesion.

Conclusions
Three-dimensional network distributions of morphometry are directly associated with aphasia severity, underscoring the potential for CNNs to improve outcome prognostication from neuroimaging data, and highlighting the prospective benefits of interrogating spatial dependence at different scales in multivariate feature space.
Dynamic restoration electricity price optimization method to enhance the resilience of distribution networks with multiple‐microgrids
Authors: Wang Hongkun , Gao Yujie , Zhang Hong , Yan Dongmei , Li Hongwei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResilience is one of the main features of smart distribution networks, and a microgrid (MG) access to the distribution network provides an effective way to improve resilience. MG and distribution network belong to different interests, so it is necessary that MGs and flexible resources are actively guided through price leverage. In this way, MGs take part in the post‐disaster restoration and enhance its resilience. Firstly, this paper proposes a dynamic restoration electricity price response mechanism after extreme disasters and constructs a power response model for loads and electric vehicles within the MGs. Secondly, the optimal scheduling model of the distribution network with multiple‐microgrids (MMG) is proposed to improve the restoration rate of critical loads (RRCL). Single microgrid achieves the largest microgrid revenue and restoration contribution, and MMG uses the power headroom index to optimize the dynamic restoration electricity price to achieve the smallest power purchase cost of distribution network. Finally, the optimal scheduling method for resilience enhancement of distribution networks with MMG considering dynamic restoration electricity price response mechanism is validated by dual microgrid access to an IEEE 33‐node distribution system. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization method effectively improves the RRCL of distribution network.
Cognitive dual coprime frequency diverse array MIMO radar network for target discrimination and main‐lobe interference mitigation
Authors: Khan Umair Hafeez , Basit Abdul , Khan Wasim , Khan Jadoon Muhammad Adeel , Baig Nauman Anwar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe authors propose a novel dual coprime frequency diverse array (FDA) multiple input multiple output (DCFDA‐MIMO) radar network design, empowered by cognitive capabilities, aimed at target discrimination and mitigation of interference present in the standalone radar systems. That is, the proposed DCFDA‐MIMO design capitalises on the complementary advantages of FDAs for target discrimination and coprime arrays for enhanced resolution, resulting in superior performance. Additionally, the proposed DCFDA‐MIMO network employs a 2D multiple signal classification algorithm to achieve high‐resolution target localisation. By incorporating cognitive techniques based on the action‐perception cycle, the proposed approach demonstrates notable improvements in multiple target detection and tracking accuracy with fewer number of antenna elements as compared to existing techniques. Furthermore, it enhances individual radar beamforming performance for interference suppression and true target detection without prior information.
Der Nationale Kompetenzbasierte Lernzielkatalog 2.0 für das Fach
„Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“. Konsentierte
Ergebnisse beteiligter Fachgesellschaften der AWMF
Authors: Mau Wilfried , Bethge Matthias , Liebl Max Emanuel 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Im Rahmen der Weiterentwicklung des Nationalen
Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs (NKLM) zur Version 2.0 erfolgte auch eine
Überarbeitung der Lernziele im bisherigen Querschnittsfach „Rehabilitation,
Physikalische Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“. Da der NKLM grundsätzlich
fächerübergreifend angelegt ist, von verschiedenen Seiten aber eine
Fächerzuordnung notwendig schien, initiierten die Arbeitsgemeinschaft
wissenschaftlich-medizinischer Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) und der Medizinische
Fakultätentag einen Fächerzuordnungsprozess. Der Zuordnungsprozess für das Fach
„Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“ (PRM-NHV; laut
Fächerliste des ersten Referentenentwurfes der geplanten Approbationsordnung aus
dem Jahr 2020) wird in dieser Arbeit dargestellt.
Materialien und Methoden Die AWMF lud ihre Mitgliedsgesellschaften ein,
sich an der Zuordnung von Lernzielen der Kapitel VI, VII und VIII des NKLM 2.0
zu den einzelnen Fächern zu beteiligen, zu denen sie nach eigener Einschätzung
einen Beitrag in der Lehre leisten. Für „PRM-NHV“ beteiligten sich
Vertreter*innen der DGRW, DGPRM, DGOU sowie der DGNHK. In einem strukturierten
Konsensprozess nach der DELPHI-Methodik erfolgten Auswahl und Konsentierung der
Lernziele. Anschließend erfolgte durch die AWMF eine Fächerempfehlung.
Ergebnisse Aus dem NKLM 2.0 wurden insgesamt 100 kompetenzbasierte
Lernziele der Kapitel VII und VIII für das Fach „PRM-NHV“ von den
Vertreter*innen der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften zur Darstellung auf der NKLM
2.0-Online-Plattform konsentiert.
Schlussfolgerungen Im Rahmen des grundlegend geplanten Reformprozesses des
Medizinstudiums und unter dem Dach der AWMF und des Medizinischen Fakultätentags
gelang die breite Konsentierung von Lernzielen des NKLM 2.0 für die
kompetenzbasierte Lehre im Fach „PRM-NHV“ durch die beteiligten
Fachgesellschaften. Damit wird eine für alle medizinischen Fakultäten wichtige
Orientierung sowohl für die Weiterentwicklung der Lehre im Querschnittsbereich
„Rehabilitation, Physikalische Medizin, Naturheilverfahren“ gemäß der seit
zwanzig Jahren gültigen 9. Revision der ÄApprO als auch für die Vorbereitung der
entsprechenden Fächer im Referentenentwurf der neuen ÄApprO gegeben.
Zugangshürden zu psychosozialen Versorgungsangeboten Leipziger
Bürger*innen afghanischer und irakischer Staatsangehörigkeit
Authors: Koch Klara , Nesterko Yuriy , Schönenberg Kim Hella , Glaesmer Heide 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie war das Inanspruchnahmeverhalten von
Versorgungsangeboten im Bereich psychischer Gesundheit in Leipzig durch
Iraker*innen und Afghan*innen bei Vorliegen psychischer Belastungen zu
untersuchen und vor allem Zugangshürden in der Versorgung zu identifizieren.
Methodik Alle volljährigen, in Leipzig lebenden Personen mit irakischer
oder afghanischer Staatsangehörigkeit, die nicht in Deutschland geboren waren,
wurden kontaktiert. Es wurden verschiedene Instrumente (PHQ-9, GAD-7, SSS-8,
PCL-5/LEC-5) zur objektiven Erfassung psychischer Belastungen und ein Item zur
Erfassung subjektiver psychischer Belastung genutzt. Lag ein Behandlungsbedarf
vor, wurde die Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Versorgungsangeboten erfragt.
Wenn trotz des nachgewiesenen Bedarfs Hilfsangebote nicht in Anspruch genommen
worden waren, wurden mögliche Hürden erfragt.
Ergebnisse 51.4% der befragten Personen zeigten subjektiven und objektiven
Behandlungsbedarf, 38.2% dieser Personen mit Behandlungsbedarf nahmen keine
Hilfe in Anspruch. Häufige Gründe dafür waren, das Problem allein lösen zu
wollen oder das Problem nicht als sehr störend zu empfinden. Außerdem wurden
mangelndes Vertrauen in das Gesundheitssystem, sowie Angst vor Diskriminierung
und Stigmatisierung als Hürden benannt.
Diskussion Die Studie zeigt einen hohen Behandlungsbedarf in den
untersuchten Gruppen. Dies könnte auf die hohe Anzahl an traumatischen
Ereignissen, sowie Postmigrationsstressoren zurückzuführen sein. Mehr als die
Hälfte der Personen haben Hilfsangebote in Anspruch genommen. Eine längere
Aufenthaltsdauer in Deutschland und der durch die Krankenversicherungskarte
vereinfachte Zugang zum öffentlichen Gesundheitssystem könnten die
Inanspruchnahme gefördert haben. Hürden wie mangelndes Wissen und Vertrauen in
Bezug auf das deutsche Gesundheitssystem oder Angst vor Stigmatisierung und
Diskriminierung erschweren den Zugang zu Versorgung.
Schlussfolgerung Es sollten mehr Informationen über Versorgungsstrukturen
verbreitet, sowie mehr niedrigschwellige Angebote implementiert werden. Diese
sollten interdisziplinär organisiert sein und den Fokus auf eine kultur- und
rassismussensible Betreuung legen. Sie dürfen vor allem im Hinblick auf den
hohen Bedarf an psychosozialer Hilfe keinesfalls weiter beschränkt werden.
RhI-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions of 1,7-Enynes To Access Cage-Like Tricyclo[3.2.2.06,8]nonenes
Authors: Fan Jin-Bao , Shi Liyang , Deng Xu , Wang Qing , Zeng Yan , Cao Wei , Zeng Guangyao , Zhou Yingjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCage-like polycycles represent a class of structurally unique and biologically promising molecules, however, efficient approaches for their synthesis are rare. Herein, we disclose RhI-catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions of 1,7-enynes containing a chelating group at the alkyne terminus, which afford unprecedented cage-like tricyclo[3.2.2.06,8]nonenes via a 7-endo-dig cyclization. This work not only provides a straightforward approach to these novel cage-like tricycles, but also unveils the under-explored π-acidic reactivity of the RhI catalyst aided by secondary chelation.
Early Clinical and Economic Outcomes for the VELYS Robotic-Assisted Solution Compared with Manual Instrumentation for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Philip , Cross Michael , Gupta Anshu , Intwala Dhara , Ruppenkamp Jill , Hoeffel Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRobotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been developed to improve functional outcomes after TKA by increasing surgical precision of bone cuts and soft tissue balancing, thereby reducing outliers. The DePuy Synthes VELYS robotic-assisted solution (VRAS) is one of the latest entrants in the robotic TKA market. Currently, there is limited evidence investigating early patient and economic outcomes associated with the use of VRAS. The Premier Healthcare Database was analyzed to identify patients undergoing manual TKA with any implant system compared with a cohort of robotic-assisted TKAs using VRAS between September 1, 2021 and February 28, 2023. The primary outcome was all-cause and knee-related all-setting revisits within 90-day post-TKA. Secondary outcomes included number of inpatient revisits (readmission), operating room time, discharge status, and hospital costs. Baseline covariate differences between the two cohorts were balanced using fine stratification methodology and analyzed using generalized linear models. The cohorts included 866 VRAS and 128,643 manual TKAs that had 90-day follow-up data. The rates of both all-cause and knee-related all-setting follow-up visits (revisits) were significantly lower in the VRAS TKA cohort compared with the manual TKA cohort (13.86 vs. 17.19%; mean difference [MD]: −3.34 [95% confidence interval: −5.65 to −1.03] and 2.66 vs. 4.81%; MD: −2.15 [−3.23 to −1.08], respectively, p-value < 0.01) at 90-day follow-up. The incidence of knee-related inpatient readmission was also significantly lower (53%) for VRAS compared with manual TKA. There was no significant difference between total cost of care at 90-day follow-up between VRAS and manual TKA cases. On average, the operating room time was higher for VRAS compared with manual TKA (138 vs. 134 minutes). In addition, the discharge status and revision rates were similar between the cohorts. The use of VRAS for TKA is associated with lower follow-up visits and knee-related readmission rates in the first 90-day postoperatively. The total hospital cost was similar for both VRAS and manual TKA cohort while not accounting for the purchase of the robot.
Metal-Free Synthesis of Selanyl-Substituted Chromenones via Selanylation­/Cyclization of Alkynyl Aryl Ketones
Authors: Chen Yan-Yan , Xu Yan-Li , Gong Xi-Rui , Zhou Yi-Huan , Ren Mei-Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA variety of 2-substituted 3-selanyl-chromenones are readily prepared through a cascade selanylation/cyclization of alkynyl aryl ketones with sulfonoselenoates. This transformation is performed under metal-free conditions and does not require an additional oxidant. It also has the advantage of broad functional group tolerance and scalability.
Combined Direct and Indirect Revascularization for Adults with Moyamoya Disease: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Ayyad Ali , Al-Salihi Mohammed Maan , Ahmed Alaaeldin , Hajali Amro Al , Hammadi Firas , Horn Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background Moyamoya vasculopathy is a rare neurological disease characterized by the progressive constriction of major intracranial vessels and secondary collateral formation. In the past decade, the popularity of combined bypass surgery has increased. They take advantage of the quick perfusion of direct bypass and collaterals ingrowth from indirect bypass.
Objective This study aimed to describe a single-center experience with surgical management of moyamoya disease (MMD) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) over 7 years.
Materials and Methods In this retrospective medical records review, we enrolled patients diagnosed with MMD and MMS who were treated with combined surgical revascularization at the Hamad Medical Corporation center between 2015 and 2022. SPSS 26.0 was used to analyze the data.
Results A total of 20 patients were included, with 15% having MMS. The mean age was 37.4 ± 10.26 years, and 60% of them were males. The mean follow-up period was 13.6 months. The modified Rankin score was significantly decreased by 1.9 ± 2.1, p = 0.0001. Following surgery, no deficits were observed in 16 cases, whereas three were not improved, and one died. Following up on the stroke status, one patient developed a hemorrhagic stroke, and another showed right-side numbness. The postoperative status was substantially linked with the initial clinical presentation (p = 0.004).
Conclusion Combined direct and indirect surgical revascularization procedures have favorable outcomes in MMD and MMS patients. Additional rigorous, prospective, controlled, high-quality trials with large-sample are needed to support our results.
The global production pattern of the semiconductor industry: an empirical research based on trade network
Authors: Ou Suhua , Yang Qingshan , Liu Jian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSemiconductors are an important electronic component and play a central role in many industrial fields, whose production system is spread all over the world, involving trade in many raw materials, mechanical equipment, and finished products. Comprehending a broad global production picture of the semiconductor industry can be an arduous task. To tackle this complexity, the social network analysis method was used to capture the flows of products between economies in the semiconductor industrial chain. This study analyzed the evolution of the trade pattern of four key commodities in the semiconductor industrial chain, with a focus on identifying the status of major economies in the global semiconductor trade system. Additionally, the influencing factors of the formation of the trade networks were explored by using the Exponential Random Graph Model. The results showed that: (1) From 2001 to 2019, the import and export trade pattern of four key commodities in the semiconductor industrial chain has shown the characteristics of “rising in the east and decreasing in the west”, but the change range shows strong commodity heterogeneity, the change of the spatial pattern of integrated circuits trade is the most significant, and the integrated circuits trade proportion of Asian economies has increased hugely with more than 80%. (2) The trade connectivity of various commodities in the semiconductor industrial chain has increased, upstream support products with high technical requirements such as wafers and equipment have the lowest average degree and weak trade liquidity, and the average degree of trade network of packaging materials and integrated circuits is relatively high, with strong trade liquidity and closer and more prosperous trade connections. (3) From 2001 to 2019, the “core-periphery” system of global semiconductor industry trade has changed significantly, with the core circle undergoing obvious iterative reorganization. for example, China and Singapore have achieved status improvement to the core circle in the base materials trade network, while Malaysia has been squeezed into the semi-peripheral circle. (4) The formation of trade networks of various commodities in the semiconductor industrial chain was driven by three aspects: network self-organization, exogenous endowment attribute, and exogenous network embeddedness. Among them, the influence of the technological innovation level of economies on different commodity trade networks showed heterogeneous.
A low-energy MHz repetition rate short-pulse electron gun
Authors: Murray Andrew James , Rogers Joshua 
Published: June 2024

An electron gun that can produce MHz repetition rates and nanosecond pulses is described. The gun uses a Pierce grid in combination with an anode to extract electrons from a tungsten filament cathode. The electrons emerging from the anode are accelerated and focused using two triple-aperture lenses to form a beam. By applying a high slew rate grid pulse that transitions through the extraction voltage region of the grid/anode combination, pulses of electrons are produced from the gun that have temporal widths less than 5 ns. The pulsed beams are produced at both the rising and falling edges of the driving pulse. The characteristics of the emerging electron beams have been determined using an (e, 2e) coincidence spectrometer, and examples where they are used for time of flight decay measurements are presented.
Dielectric loss due to charged-defect acoustic phonon emission
Authors: Turiansky Mark E. , Van de Walle Chris G. 
Published: June 2024

The coherence times of state-of-the-art superconducting qubits are limited by bulk dielectric loss, yet the microscopic mechanism leading to this loss is unclear. Here, we propose that the experimentally observed loss can be attributed to the presence of charged defects that enable the absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the emission of acoustic phonons. Our explicit derivation of the absorption coefficient for this mechanism allows us to derive a loss tangent of 7.2 × 10−9 for Al2O3, in good agreement with recent high-precision measurements [Read et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 034064 (2023)]. We also find that for temperatures well below ∼0.2 K, the loss should be independent of temperature, which is also in agreement with observations. Our investigations show that the loss per defect depends mainly on properties of the host material, and a high-throughput search suggests that diamond, cubic BN, AlN, and SiC are optimal in this respect.
A Cartesian diver to study oscillations and internal gravity waves in a stratified fluid
Authors: Carpineti Marina , Spongano Irene , Croccolo Fabrizio , Vailati Alberto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We propose a variation of the well-known Cartesian diver experiment where, instead of moving in a uniform fluid, the diver floats in a fluid stratified in density. In contrast to the original experiment, for a given external pressure the diver can stop in a stable equilibrium position within the fluid, at the depth where the surrounding density matches its own. By varying the applied pressure, the density of the diver changes and it moves until it reaches a new stable equilibrium condition at a different depth. When a sudden pressure pulse is applied, the diver, pushed off its equilibrium position, starts oscillating due to a restoring force that depends on the density gradient. The oscillations produce internal gravity waves that are typical of stratified fluids, when a portion of them is displaced and transmits its motion to the surrounding fluid. Although they are extremely difficult to observe, gravity waves are particularly interesting, as they typically occur in the atmosphere and in the stars. We propose a simple experiment and suggest a way to make the internal gravity waves visible. The experiment can be realized by students with easy-to-find household objects and used to improve their understanding of many concepts and laws of hydrodynamics, but also to introduce them to complex phenomena of general interest.