bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impact of ESG scores on market performance in polluting companies: a post-COVID-19 analysis
Authors: Pasupuleti Akhil , Ayyagari Lakshmana Rao , Akuthota Shankara Rao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe study aims to unravel the impact of Environmental Social Governance (ESG) scores on the firm’s market performance of polluting companies. Moreover, the study also finds out moderating effect of green initiatives. The study’s population consisted of 67 companies that were chosen from the list of polluting companies given by the Central Pollution Control Board of India for the post-COVID-19 timeframe of 2020–2023. Regression analysis was conducted to analyze the relationship between the variables. The results indicate that the performance of ESG will improve the financial performance of the company. In most cases, the results suggest that firms with heightened ESG performances have better market performance. Furthermore, the results show that there is no moderating effect of green initiatives. This study’s findings have important implications for stakeholders. The examination’s findings should help managers understand the state of ESG and financial market performance after the coronavirus crisis, as well as the relationship between FP and ESG responsibility fulfilment. The study has significant practical implications that may help managers create plans and guidelines for implementing and improving ESG scores to maximize performance. Population was the major limitation of the study.
Integration of the Non-linear Time Series GARCH Model with Fuzzy Model Optimized with Water Cycle Algorithm for River Streamflow Forecasting
Authors: Karami Mohammad , Shabanlou Saeid , Mazaheri Hosein , Mokhtari Shahroo , Najarchi Mohsen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor managing water resources and operating reservoirs in dynamic contexts, accurate hydrological forecasting is essential. However, it is difficult to track complex hydrological time series with highly non-linear and non-stationary characteristics. The intricacy of the issue is further increased by the risk and uncertainty that are brought about by the dependence of several factors on the hydrological system’s output. To hydrologically model river outflows, a hybrid GARCH time series model technique has been applied in this study. To improve the precision of the proposed model estimation, this hybrid model employs a controllable fuzzy logic system to explore the impact of various input variables and an Archimedean detail function to account for the uncertainty in the dependence of the variables. The prediction error in this model is minimized by utilizing weighting factors and problem analysis parameters that are calculated using the water cycle algorithm. It was found that the minimum root-mean-square error values for the training and testing modeling stages are RMSE = 1.89 m and 1.92 m, respectively, by looking at the hydrological modeling results for a watershed of the Karaj dam. For extended lead (i.e., a 6-month rainfall lag), the weakest forecasting capacity was found. The modeling of the copula function using a higher percentage of answers in the confidence band and a smaller bandwidth resulted in less uncertainty for the estimation of the suggested model, according to the uncertainty analysis.
Sustaining Hydrothermal Circulation With Gravity Relevant to Ocean Worlds
Authors: Fisher A. T. , Dickerson K. L. , Blackman D. K. , Randolph‐Flagg N. G. , German C. R. , Sotin C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSome ocean worlds may sustain active, seafloor hydrothermal systems, but the characteristics and controls on fluid‐heat transport in these systems are not well understood. We developed three‐dimensional numerical simulations, using a ridge‐flank hydrothermal system on Earth as a reference, to test the influence of ocean world gravity on fluid and heat transport. Simulations represented the upper ∼4–5 km below the seafloor and explored ranges of: heat input at the base, aquifer thickness, depth, and permeability, and gravity values appropriate for Earth, Europa, and Enceladus. We tested when a hydrothermal siphon could be sustained and quantified consequent circulation temperatures, flow rates, and advective heat output. Calculations illustrate a trade‐off in energy between the reduction of buoyancy at lower gravity, which tends to reduce the primary forces driving fluid circulation, and the concomitant reduction in secondary convection, which consumes available energy. When a siphon was sustained under lower gravity, circulation temperatures tended to increase modestly (which should lead to more extensive geochemical reactions), whereas mass flow rates and advective heat output tended to be reduced. Deeper subseafloor circulation resulted in higher temperatures and flow rates, with a deeper, thin aquifer being more efficient in removing heat from the rocky interior. Water‐rock ratios were lower when gravity was lower, as was the efficiency of heat extraction, whereas the time required to circulate the volume of an ocean‐world's ocean through the seafloor increased. This may help to explain how small ocean worlds could sustain hydrothermal circulation for a long time despite limited heat sources.
An innovative fractional-order evolutionary game theoretical study of personal protection, quarantine, and isolation policies for combating epidemic diseases
Authors: Akter Masuda , Nurunnahar  , Ullah Mohammad Sharif , Meetei Mutum Zico , Zaagan Abdullah A. , Mahnashi Ali M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study uses imposed control techniques and vaccination game theory to study disease dynamics with transitory or diminishing immunity. Our model uses the ABC fractional-order derivative mechanism to show the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions such as personal protection or awareness, quarantine, and isolation to simulate the essential control strategies against an infectious disease spread in an infinite and uniformly distributed population. A comprehensive evolutionary game theory study quantified the significant influence of people’s vaccination choices, with government forces participating in vaccination programs to improve obligatory control measures to reduce epidemic spread. This model uses the intervention options described above as a control strategy to reduce disease prevalence in human societies. Again, our simulated results show that a combined control strategy works exquisitely when the disease spreads even faster. A sluggish dissemination rate slows an epidemic outbreak, but modest control techniques can reestablish a disease-free equilibrium. Preventive vaccination regulates the border between the three phases, while personal protection, quarantine, and isolation methods reduce disease transmission in existing places. Thus, successfully combining these three intervention measures reduces epidemic or pandemic size, as represented by line graphs and 3D surface diagrams. For the first time, we use a fractional-order derivate to display the phase-portrayed trajectory graph to show the model’s dynamics if immunity wanes at a specific pace, considering various vaccination cost and effectiveness settings.
Deep learning models for predicting the survival of patients with medulloblastoma based on a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis
Authors: Sun Meng , Sun Jikui , Li Meng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMedulloblastoma is a malignant neuroepithelial tumor of the central nervous system. Accurate prediction of prognosis is essential for therapeutic decisions in medulloblastoma patients. We analyzed data from 2,322 medulloblastoma patients using the SEER database and randomly divided the dataset into training and testing datasets in a 7:3 ratio. We chose three models to build, one based on neural networks (DeepSurv), one based on ensemble learning that Random Survival Forest (RSF), and a typical Cox Proportional-hazards (CoxPH) model. The DeepSurv model outperformed the RSF and classic CoxPH models with C-indexes of 0.751 and 0.763 for the training and test datasets. Additionally, the DeepSurv model showed better accuracy in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates (AUC: 0.767–0.793). Therefore, our prediction model based on deep learning algorithms can more accurately predict the survival rate and survival period of medulloblastoma compared to other models.
Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge can remove complex organics from municipal wastewater with algae-bacteria interactions
Authors: Shi Yuting , Xu Chengxiang , Ji Bin , Li Anjie , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInteractions between algae and bacteria are pivotal in transforming complex organics for microalgal-bacterial granular sludge process, but the intrinsic removal mechanisms have not been well understood. Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which complex organics are removed from municipal wastewater. Complex organics can be disposed during day-night cycles, significantly impacted by the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in the influent. Upregulated gap2 and gpmA genes enhanced the conversion of complex organics into CO2, mediated by the interactions of Chlorophyceae with Acidobacteriae/Sumerlaeia/Fimbriimonadia, and the upregulated petH gene in Cyanobacteria strengthened the fixation of CO2 into biomass. The breakdown of starch, glycerol, and fatty acid were depended on Actinobacteriota, Chlorophyceae with Chloroflexia/Verrucomicrobiae, and Cyanobacteria with Desulfobacterota I, respectively. These findings provide new insights into the removal mechanisms of complex organics through microalgal-bacterial symbiosis and contribute to our understanding of the carbon cycle by microalgal-bacterial symbiosis in natural aquatic ecosystems.
Mechanical evaluation of the dilation force of dilation devices during interventional endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Ueno Saori , Hakoda Akitoshi , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Sakamoto Jun , Yamamura Masahiro , Hattori Nobuhiro , Bessho Kimi , Nishikawa Hiroki , Kanaoka Rie , Kurose Youhei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims To insert the metal stent delivery system (8.5F) during interventional endoscopic ultrasound (I-EUS), several dilation steps are needed, which may be related to increased bile leakage from a fistula. There have been no definitive studies of dilation force. The aim of the present study was to evaluate dilation force during I-EUS using several dilation devices.
Methods In the present study, seven dilation devices were evaluated including bougie dilators such as a straight-shaped dilator (the ES dilator, Soehendra dilator, a standard ERCP catheter) a screw-shaped dilator (Tornus ES, Soehendra stent retriever), and a 4-mm balloon catheter (REN biliary balloon catheter, Hurricane RX). The diameter of each dilator and dilation force were measured.
Results Of the bougie dilators, the dilation force of the ES dilator was the highest (0.908±0.035 kg). Of the balloon catheters, the dilation force of the Hurricane RX (3.261±0.024 kg) was slightly higher than that of the REN (3.159±0.072 kg). Of the bougie dilators, although the diameter of the ES dilator was not larger than that of the Tornus ES, the dilation force was stronger. Similarly, the diameter of the Soehendra stent retriever was greater than that of the ERCP catheter or Soehendra dilator and the dilation force was lower.
Conclusions Compared with bougie dilators, balloon catheters have
stronger dilation force according to our experimental study. The present results should be
evaluated in clinical trials.
Rapid in-motion heading alignment using time-differenced carrier phases from a single GNSS antenna and a low-grade IMU
Authors: Wu Qing , Chai Hongzhou , Xiang Minzhi , Zhang Yong , Zhang Fan , Feng Xu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite advancements in global navigation satellite system/inertial navigation system (GNSS/INS) integrated systems, the challenge of achieving rapid and accurate initial heading alignment remains, particularly in low-grade IMUs and marine applications with swaying conditions. This study introduces an innovative in-motion heading alignment method utilizing time-differenced carrier phases (TDCP) from a single GNSS antenna and a low-grade IMU based on the fundamental principle of trajectory similarity. The heading angle is determined by comparing the dead reckoning (DR)-derived trajectory with the TDCP-derived trajectory. This is achieved using gyro measurements and the delta position from TDCP solutions. The proposed alignment method can be implemented in real-time and the alignment period is just 1 s, which indicates that the method could continuously output heading when the carrier is in motion. We not only validate the effectiveness of the proposed alignment method in land vehicle applications, but also in maritime vessels, like unmanned surface vessels (USV), and unmanned underwater vehicles (UUV). In addition, we evaluated the impact of challenging ocean conditions and mounting angle errors on the proposed alignment method. Experimental results show that the heading could be determined with an accuracy of 0.49°, 3.10°, and 2.31° at a 95% confidence level for the land vehicle, USV, and UUV tests, respectively. Besides, the RMS of the alignment errors calculated by our method reaches 0.24°, 1.42°, and 1.19° for the land vehicle, USV, and UUV tests, respectively.
Thoughts on the transformation and development of mechanized and intelligent construction of pumped storage power stations under the dual carbon goal
Authors: Liu Xueshan , Huang Yufei , Shi Yunli , Zheng Yueyang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
How to shorten the construction cycle of pumped storage power plants under the dual carbon target is an urgent core problem that needs to be studied and solved under the current situation of large-scale and high proportion development of pumped storage power plants. At the same time, based on the fact that the traditional construction methods and processes in the pumped storage industry are still in the primary stage at present, China Southern power grid peak shaving and frequency modulation power generation Co., Ltd. proposed and carried out the research on the transformation of the mechanized and intelligent construction of pumped storage power stations. It plans to rely on the pumped storage power stations under construction and to be built, combined with their respective engineering characteristics, to study the complete set of construction equipment for the construction of pumped storage power stations and the matching intelligent application platform, Gradually achieve the long-term goals of mechanized replacement, automatic personnel reduction and intelligent unmanned construction of pumped storage power stations.
Modal decomposition of the shedding mechanism of partial cavitation in a Venturi Tube
Authors: Xia Gaoju , You Weibin , Xuan Xiaoxu , Chen Songying , Yoon Joon Yong , Sun Xun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present paper studies the shedding mechanism of partial cavitation in a Venturi Tube, dominated by re-entrant jet and bubbly shock mechanisms, by using two data-driven modal decomposition methods: proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD). According to the snapshot data series obtained by high-speed photography, the modal decomposition and reconstruction of the grey image are carried out. The POD results indicate that the main frequency of the re-entrant jet is higher than that of the shock under the sixth-order mode, and the energy amplitude of the latter is about 20 times that of the former. Furthermore, as the cavitation number increases, the condensation shock mechanism eventually replaces the re-entrant jet mechanism. The DMD results show that the shock behaves obvious traveling wave mode, because the frequency is higher and the phase of the spatial distribution changes evenly under the fourth-order mode. POD and DMD can help to understand the shedding mechanism of partial cavitation.
The influence of reservoir water level on the hydraulic characteristics of spillway tunnel
Authors: Funan Chen , Weijie Cui , Yang Xue , Gaohui Li 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The spillway tunnel for water discharging is very important in water conservancy and hydropower engineering. Spillway tunnel with inclined and elbow part near the outlet can be more easily adapted to the topographic and geological conditions than that near the inlet, and can limit the cavitation damage to the short tunnel near outlet. Therefore, it has been widely used in the case of discharging water with high head and large discharge. Cavitation induced by high speed flow may cause severe damage to the spillway tunnel surface. And aeration is a common measure for surface protection. Study on the hydraulic characteristics of water-air two-phase flow is of great significance for improving aeration effect. In this paper, the velocity, depth of water and Froude Number of spillway tunnel under different reservoir water levels are studied by using VOF method. The results show that the Froude Number decreases at first and then increases as reservoir water level becomes lower.
Cavitating flow around a low aspect ratio NACA0012 hydrofoil with regular grooves
Authors: Tsoy M , Skripkin S , Kravtsova A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the periodic grooves applied to the surface of the hydrofoil as passive control method on the cavitation dynamics and development. The cavitating flow in the slit channel around NACA 0012 hydrofoil is investigated. An experimental study of the flow was carried out using the high-speed visualization followed by image processing of acquired data. Attached cavity length is substantially reduced by 25% - 30% by using grooves on hydrofoil surface. However, cavitation inception for grooved hydrofoil occurs at almost two-time lower flowrate.
Vibration of Variable Speed Pump-Turbine in Turbine Operating Range: Simulation by CFD+FEM
Authors: Xue Song , Cheng Yongguang , Liu Demin , Chen Hongyu , Lin Yunfa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Variable speed pumped-storage unit can operate efficiently and stably in wide range of power and head through the coordinated control of the rotational speed and guide vanes. The regulation in rotational speed brings about frequency and amplitude changes of pressure pulsations, which further influence the avoidance margin of vibration and the dynamic response of the runner. The vibration characteristics of the variable-speed pump-turbine need to be studied when it runs in the wider operating region. Selecting an actual pumped-storage unit as the subject and using the CFD+FEM coupled simulation method as a tool, we conducted three-dimensional pump-turbine vibration simulations and analyse the flow patterns, pressure pulsations, and runner vibration characteristics of several typical operating points in turbine mode. The study focused on the variation laws of pressure pulsations and dynamic stresses when rotational speed is regulated. Comparison with the results for the constant speed unit under the corresponding working conditions was conducted. It is shown that the variable speed operation can effectively avoid the severe vibration conditions that the constant speed unit encounters; the amplitudes of pressure pulsations and dynamic stresses of the runner are small at low rotational speed; in the condition of high speed, low head, and small load, the vibration is the most obvious. This study can provide a reference for the design and operation of variable speed pump-turbine.
Study on Cavitation Determination of Pump Turbine Model Test
Authors: Han Wenfu , Zhang Fei , Zhao Yifeng , Man Zhe , Ding Jinghua , Sun Xiaoxia , Wang Gang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
At present, it is difficult to determine whether cavitation has occurred in the pump turbine model test, with a large human error and no more accurate judgment guidelines, this paper proposes an intelligent algorithm based on image recognition to determine when cavitation has occurred. The method collects images of water bodies in the recognition area, extracts and processes the features of fixed parts, and compares them with database image data to finally realize the recognition of cavitation phenomena. The results show that the method captures the cavitation phenomenon more accurately and efficiently, and achieves the intelligent judgment of the cavitation phenomenon.
Natural selection through genetics
Authors: Madgwick Philip G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter presents a historical account of the development of the understanding of how evolution by natural selection operates through the genetic mechanism of inheritance. The contrasting examples of the evolution of peppered moth colourations and protection against malaria (and sickle-cell anaemia) are established to identify the challenge of explaining trait evolution. First, transmission genetics is presented as identifying the logical structure of inheritance, following its development from its Mendelian foundations through to the Modern Synthesis. The colouration and protection traits are identified as having different patterns of dominance and linkage. Second, evolutionary genetics is discussed, from ideas relating to inclusive fitness through to selfish genes. Such reasoning established how traits are favoured by natural selection. Third, molecular genetics is discussed to identify what heritable entity really changes when there is evolution by natural selection. The basis of genes in DNA is described, as well as its implications for understanding pleiotropy. Intrinsic and extrinsic pleiotropy are distinguished and used to explain the different evolutionary trajectories of the colouration and protection traits.
Maladaptation in social behaviour
Authors: Madgwick Philip G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe chapter discusses the challenges and opportunities in seeking evidence of maladaptation among the social behaviours of individual organisms, focusing on the analysis of intraspecific competition, spite, and greenbeards. Numerous examples of maladaptation are critically evaluated. The presence of intraspecific competition is argued to be insufficient evidence of maladaptation due to its allocative effects, as demonstrated through the discussion of examples including sexual characters, tragedies of the commons and sexual conflict. Spite is argued to be distinct from maladaptation, as inclusive fitness is framed around relative fitness. The historical development of spite as a long unproven theory is discussed, characterising its conceptual development away from its maladaptive intimations. Lastly, the transition of the greenbeard concept from a thought-experiment to a real phenomenon is reviewed. The existential, selection, and detection arguments against their reality are discussed in contrast to the new wave of examples of greenbeard genes. Ultimately, genetic conflict is argued not to be evidence of maladaptation.