bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HS‐SPME/GC Analysis Reveals the Population Variability of Terpene Contents in Juniperus communis Needles
Authors: Filipowicz Natalia , Madanecki Piotr , Gołębiowski Marek , Stepnowski Piotr , Ochocka J. Renata 
Published: December 2009

AbstractJuniperus communis var. communis L. is an aromatic plant – typical boreal element of flora. In the extensive literature concerning J. communis, there is much data on the composition and the content of essential oil of needles and coneberries, but a detailed analysis of terpene distribution within and between populations is missing. A representative pool of 74 J. communis individuals originating from ten populations of Northern Poland was investigated in order to evaluate the intra‐ and interpopulational variability of the terpene pattern. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) coupled with GC/MS and GC/FID was applied in achiral and enantioselective analysis. The majority of the samples (85%), despite different origin, were similar in the terpene pattern. High diversity of terpenes was observed within the populations and low diversity between them. High variation of enantiomeric composition was in accordance with large variation of individual compounds in general (achiral analysis). J. communis samples from Northern Poland could be distinguished by the α‐pinene/sabinene ratio, and they were divided into three chemical races.
New Isoprenylated 2‐Arylbenzofurans and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Constituents from Artocarpus nitidus
Authors: Zhao Ting , Yan Gui‐Rui , Pan Sheng‐Li , Wang He‐Yao , Hou Ai‐Jun 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTwo new isoprenylated 2‐arylbenzofurans, artonitidin A (=(2′R)‐2′,3′‐dihydro‐2′‐(1‐hydroxy‐1‐methylethyl)‐5′,7‐bis(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)‐2,4′‐bi‐1‐benzofuran‐6,6′‐diol; 1) and artonitidin B (=5‐[6‐hydroxy‐7‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)‐1‐benzofuran‐2‐yl]‐4‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)benzene‐1,3‐diol; 2), together with 14 known compounds, 3–16, were isolated from the stems of Artocarpus nitidus Trec. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Norartocarpin (3), cudraflavone C (5), brosimone I (8), artotonkin (11), albanin A (13), and artopetelin M (14) showed inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase with IC50 values ranging from 1.8±0.1 to 63.8±3.6 μM.
Highly Sensitive Indicator‐Free Impedance Sensing of DNA Hybridization Based on Poly(m‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid)/TiO2 Nanosheet Membranes with Pulse Potentiostatic Method Preparation
Authors: Hu Yu‐Wei , Yang Tao , Wang Xin‐Xing , Jiao Kui 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA direct electrochemical detection procedure for DNA hybridization by using the electrochemical signal changes of conductive poly(m‐aminobenzenesulfonic) acid (PABSA)/TiO2 nanosheet membranes, which were electropolymerized by using the pulse potentiostatic method, is reported. Due to the unique properties of TiO2 nanoparticles, m‐aminobenzenesulfonic acid monomers tend to be adsorbed around the particles, and the electropolymerization efficiency is greatly improved. The combination of TiO2 nanoparticles and PABSA resulted in a nanocomposite membrane with unique and novel nanosheet morphology that provides more activation sites and enhances the surface electron‐transfer rate. These characteristics were propitious for the magnification of PABSA electrochemical signals and the direct detection of DNA hybridization. Owing to the presence of abundant sulfonic acid groups, PABSA could overcome the drawbacks of polyaniline and be used to detect bioanalytes at physiological pH. DNA probes could be covalently attached to the sulfonic groups through the amines of DNA sequences by using an acyl chloride cross‐linking reaction. After immobilization of probe DNA, the electrochemical impedance value increased significantly compared to that of PABSA/TiO2 nanosheet membranes, and then decreased dramatically after the hybridization reaction of the probe DNA with the complementary DNA sequence compared to that of the probe‐immobilized electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was adopted for indicator‐free DNA biosensing, which had an eminent ability for the recognition between double‐base mismatched sequences or non‐complementary DNA sequences and complementary DNA sequences. A gene fragment, which is related to one of the screening genes for the transgenically modified plants, the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S gene was satisfactorily detected. This is the first report for the indicator‐free impedance DNA hybridization detection by using PABSA/TiO2 membranes under neutral conditions.
Glomerular activity patterns evoked by natural odor objects in the rat olfactory bulb are related to patterns evoked by major odorant components
Authors: Johnson Brett A. , Ong Joan , Leon Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTo determine how responses evoked by natural odorant mixtures compare to responses evoked by individual odorant chemicals, we mapped 2‐deoxyglucose uptake during exposures to vapors arising from a variety of odor objects that may be important to rodents in the wild. We studied 21 distinct natural odor stimuli ranging from possible food sources such as fruits, vegetables, and meats to environmental odor objects such as grass, herbs, and tree leaves. The natural odor objects evoked robust and surprisingly focal patterns of 2‐deoxyglucose uptake involving clusters of neighboring glomeruli, thereby resembling patterns evoked by pure chemicals. Overall, the patterns were significantly related to patterns evoked by monomolecular odorant components that had been studied previously. Object patterns also were significantly related to the molecular features present in the mixture components. Despite these overall relationships, there were individual examples of object patterns that were simpler than might have been predicted given the multiplicity of components present in the vapors. In these cases, the object patterns lacked certain responses evoked by their major odorant mixture components. These data suggest the possibility of mixture response interactions and provide a foundation for understanding the neural coding of natural odor stimuli. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1542–1555, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroglobin expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: Colocalization, innervation, and response to light
Authors: Hundahl C.A. , Hannibal J. , Fahrenkrug J. , Dewilde S. , Hay‐Schmidt A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNeuroglobin (Ngb) is a myoglobin‐like (Mb) heme‐globin, belonging the globin family located only in neuronal tissue of the central nervous system. Ngb has been shown to be upregulated in and to protect neurons from hypoxic and ischemic injury, but the function of Ngb—in particular how Ngb may protect neurons—remains largely elusive. We have previously described the localization of Ngb in the rat brain and found it to be expressed in areas primarily involved in sleep/wake, circadian, and food regulation. The present study was undertaken, using immunohistochemistry, to characterize the localization, colocalization, innervation, and response to light of Ngb‐immunoreactive (IR) cells in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Our results demonstrate that the majority of Ngb‐expressing neurons in the SCN belong to a cell group not previously characterized by neurotransmitter content; only a small portion was found to co‐store GRP in the ventral SCN. Furthermore, some Ngb‐containing neurons were responsive to light stimulation at late night evaluated by the induction of cFOS and only a few cells were found to express the core clock gene PER1 during the 24‐hour light/dark cycle. The Ngb‐containing cells received input from neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐containing nerve fibers of the geniticulo‐hypothalamic tract (GHT), whereas no direct input from the eye or the midbrain raphe system was demonstrated. The results indicate that the Ngb could be involved in both photic and nonphotic entrainment via input from the GHT. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1556–1569, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Guinea pig horizontal cells express GABA, the GABA‐synthesizing enzyme GAD65, and the GABA vesicular transporter
Authors: Guo Chenying , Hirano Arlene A. , Stella Salvatore L. , Bitzer Michaela , Brecha Nicholas C. 
Published: December 2009

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is likely expressed in horizontal cells of all species, although conflicting physiological findings have led to considerable controversy regarding its role as a transmitter in the outer retina. This study has evaluated key components of the GABA system in the outer retina of guinea pig, an emerging retinal model system. The presence of GABA, its rate‐limiting synthetic enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67 isoforms), the plasma membrane GABA transporters (GAT‐1 and GAT‐3), and the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry with well‐characterized antibodies. The presence of GAD65 mRNA was also evaluated by using laser capture microdissection and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Specific GABA, GAD65, and VGAT immunostaining was localized to horizontal cell bodies, as well as to their processes and tips in the outer plexiform layer. Furthermore, immunostaining of retinal whole mounts and acutely dissociated retinas showed GAD65 and VGAT immunoreactivity in both A‐type and B‐type horizontal cells. However, these cells did not contain GAD67, GAT‐1, or GAT‐3 immunoreactivity. GAD65 mRNA was detected in horizontal cells, and sequencing of the amplified GAD65 fragment showed approximately 85% identity with other mammalian GAD65 mRNAs. These studies demonstrate the presence of GABA, GAD65, and VGAT in horizontal cells of the guinea pig retina, and support the idea that GABA is synthesized from GAD65, taken up into synaptic vesicles by VGAT, and likely released by a vesicular mechanism from horizontal cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1647–1669, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
D‐serine is distributed in neurons in the brain of the sea lamprey
Authors: Villar‐Cerviño Verona , Barreiro‐Iglesias Antón , Rodicio María Celina , Anadón Ramón 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe amino acid D‐serine is an endogenous coagonist of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors in mammals that has been shown to play an important role in synaptic function, behavior, learning, and memory. The distribution and cellular location of D‐serine in the brain of the sea lamprey was investigated by using immunofluorescence methods. One major finding of our study, unlike early studies of mammals, was the localization of D‐serine immunoreactivity in perikarya and dendrites of neurons, whereas D‐serine immunoreactivity was not generally observed in the lamprey glia. D‐serine‐immunoreactive neurons were observed in different brain regions, including the olfactory bulb, medial pallium, thalamus, torus semicircularis, isthmus, and reticular formation. The colocalization of D‐serine with γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) was also studied with a double‐immunofluorescence technique. The relationship between D‐serine and glycine immunoreactivities was studied in alternate parallel series of sections stained for either D‐serine/GABA or glycine/GABA. Colocalization with GABA was observed in various D‐serine‐immunoreactive populations, and codistribution and possible colocalization with glycine was also observed in some populations, mainly in the dorsal isthmic gray, medial octavolateral nucleus, dorsal column nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, and reticular formation. Although numerous fibers were strongly GABA‐ and glycine‐immunoreactive, D‐serine immunoreactivity was observed mostly in cell perikarya and dendrites. The present results indicate that the D‐serine immunoreactive cells are small to medium‐sized neurons, some exhibiting classical inhibitory neurotransmitters, in which D‐serine might be acting as a modulator. The neuronal distribution of D‐serine and its frequent colocalization and/or codistribution with the two main inhibitory neurotransmitters appeared early in vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1688–1710, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Projections of preBötzinger Complex neurons in adult rats
Authors: Tan Wenbin , Pagliardini Silvia , Yang Paul , Janczewski Wiktor A. , Feldman Jack L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) contains neural microcircuitry essential for normal respiratory rhythm generation in rodents. A subpopulation of preBötC neurons expresses somatostatin, a neuropeptide with a modulatory action on breathing. Acute silencing of a subpopulation of preBötC neurons transfected by a virus driving protein expression under the somatostatin promoter results in persistent apnea in awake adult rats. Given the profound effect of silencing these neurons, their projections are of interest. We used an adeno‐associated virus to overexpress enhanced green fluorescent protein driven by the somatostatin promoter in preBötC neurons to label their axons and terminal fields. These neurons send brainstem projections to: 1) contralateral preBötC; 2) ipsi‐ and contralateral Bötzinger Complex; 3) ventral respiratory column caudal to preBötC; 4) parafacial respiratory group / retrotrapezoid nucleus; 5) parahypoglossal nucleus/nucleus of the solitary tract; 6) parabrachial/Kölliker‐Fuse nuclei; and 7) periaqueductal gray. We did not find major projections to either cerebellum or spinal cord. We conclude that there are widespread projections from preBötC somatostatin‐expressing neurons specifically targeted to brainstem regions implicated in control of breathing, and provide a network basis for the profound effects and the essential role of the preBötC in breathing. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1862–1878, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanistic Information on the Reversible Binding of NO to Mono‐ and Dinuclear FeIIComplexes of a Biomimetic S4N Ligand
Authors: Shaban Shaban Y. , van Eldik Rudi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStructural and mechanistic information on the binding of NO to mono‐ and dinuclear [FeII(S4NNEt2)] fragments as potential catalysts for the removal of NO from effluent gas streams have been obtained from concentration, temperature and pressure dependent kinetic measurements using stopped‐flow techniques. The results indicate that the steric and electronic structure only affect the rate but not the nature of the binding mechanism by which NO coordinates to the selected complexes. Therefore, the sterically hindered dinuclear complex [FeII(S4NNEt2)]2binds NO ca. eight times slower than the corresponding mononuclear complex [FeII(CH3OH)(S4NNEt2)]. Significantly negative ΔS#values were found for the binding of NO to both the mono‐ and dinuclear species, and are consistent with an associative mechanism. The negative volumes of activation observed for the binding of NO to both dinuclear [FeII(S4NNEt2)]2and mononuclear [FeII(CO)(S4NNEt2)] complexes further supports the operation of an associative mechanism. Structural studies on the [FeII(NO)(S4NNEt2)] complex indicate it to be six‐coordinate, low‐spin iron(II) with a neutral NO ligand.
Generation of Hollow MnSiO3 Nanostructures through the Solid‐State Reaction of Mn3O4 and Pd/PdO Nanocrystals Dimensionally Confined within Nanosized Silica Spheres
Authors: Shin Jongmin , Ha Tae‐Lin , Lee In Su 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the course of annealing Mn3O4 and Pd/PdO nanocrystals co‐encapsulated within a nanosized silica sphere under a reducing environment, we observed that the reduction of Mn3O4 into MnO was facilitated by the Pd/PdO nanocrystals. Successive annealing at high temperatures induced the MnO nanocrystals to react with the silica matrix, resulting in the formation of hollow nanostructures composed of a polycrystalline MnSiO3 shell.
The role of comprehensive chromatography in the characterization of edible oils and fats
Authors: Janssen Hans‐Gerd , Steenbergen Herrald , de Koning Sjaak 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChromatography has a very long history in the analysis of edible oils and fats. Hyphenations of two chromatographic methods, or couplings of a chromatographic separation technique with spectroscopic detection and identification devices, are used if the resolving power of the technique needs to be improved. More recently, the analytical benefits of comprehensive two‐dimensional (2D) chromatography, in its various operational modes, have been exploited by the oil and fat chromatographic community. In comprehensive 2D chromatography, the entire sample injected is subjected to two independent separation processes. In the present contribution, the principles of comprehensive 2D chromatography are briefly discussed. Next, the advantages of comprehensive separations for lipid analysis are illustrated using the concept of generic chromatographic applications. This concept distinguishes three generic reasons to apply chromatographic separations: target compound analysis, group‐type separation, and chromatographic fingerprinting. Examples of how comprehensive multi‐dimensional methods were successfully applied to solve problems in the edible oils and fats area are given. We believe that these multi‐dimensional techniques truly add new dimensions to oil and fat analysis, providing researchers in the area with novel tools for unraveling edible oil or fat samples with their complex compositions.
Effective Oxidation of Secondary Amines to Nitrones with Alkyl Hydroperoxides Catalysed by (Trialkanolaminato)titanium(IV) Complexes
Authors: Forcato Massimiliano , Mba Miriam , Nugent William A. , Licini Giulia 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe effective catalytic oxidation of secondary amines to nitrones with alkyl hydroperoxides as the primary oxidants is described. The titanium alkoxide catalysts are protected from the water co‐product by the combined use of a tightly binding trialkanolamine ligand and molecular sieves. Nitrones can be obtained in high yields (up to 98 %) under homogeneous, anhydrous conditions and even in the absence of solvent. The reactions are fast (2–7 h) and good selectivity and complete conversion can be achieved with as little as 1 % catalyst.
Control of the Aggregation Properties of Tris(maltohexaose)‐Linked Porphyrins with an Alkyl Chain
Authors: Mikata Yuji , Sawaguchi Taichi , Kakuchi Toyoji , Gottschaldt Michael , Schubert Ulrich S. , Ohi Hiromi , Yano Shigenobu 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA series of porphyrins with three maltohexaose units and one alkyl chain (ethyl, butyl, hexyl, decyl, and hexadecyl) has been synthesized. Aggregation properties were investigated by absorbance and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. These trismaltohexaosylated tetraphenylporphyrins exhibited high water solubility. Although these porphyrins exhibited sharp Soret bands in DMSO solution, the Soret band broadened in a concentration‐dependent manner in aqueous solution. This is the result of the aggregation of porphyrin molecules in aqueous solution. Interestingly, trismaltohexaosylated porphyrins with long alkyl chains of a certain length exhibited a broad Soret band in water without concentration dependency due to the stability of such aggregates. The CD spectra were silent in DMSO solution in all porphyrin derivatives, indicating that the maltohexaose moiety does not interact with the porphyrin chromophore in the monomeric state. However, in water, a splitting Cotton effect was observed at the Soret band. Intensity of this CD signal decreased as the length of the alkyl chain was extended. These observations show the formation of a chiral, face‐to‐face aggregate, in which the porphyrin rings are in close proximity to each other for short alkyl chain derivatives. The porphyrin derivatives with long alkyl chains exhibit edge‐to‐edge aggregation, where hydrophobic interaction of the alkyl chains separates the porphyrin chromophores.
Suzuki Coupling Reactions of (E)‐ and (Z)‐Chloroenynes with Boronic Acids: Versatile Access to Functionalized 1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Tikad Abdellatif , Hamze Abdallah , Provot Olivier , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouâd 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA stereoselective, palladium‐catalyzed, cross‐coupling reaction between chloroenynes 4 and boronic acids was successfully developed. This procedure is general and provides desired functionalized enynes 1 in high yields. The scope and limitations of this new reaction are described.
Biotechnological conversions of bio‐diesel‐derived crude glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica strains
Authors: André Axel , Chatzifragkou Afroditi , Diamantopoulou Panagiota , Sarris Dimitris , Philippoussis Antonios , Galiotou‐Panayotou Maria , Komaitis Michael , Papanikolaou Seraphim 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the present report, crude glycerol, waste discharged from bio‐diesel production, was used as carbon substrate for three natural Yarrowia lipolytica strains (LFMB 19, LFMB 20 and ACA‐YC 5033) during growth in nitrogen‐limited submerged shake‐flask experiments. In media with initial glycerol concentration of 30 g/L, all strains presented satisfactory microbial growth and complete glycerol uptake. Although culture conditions favored the secretion of citric acid (and potentially the accumulation of storage lipid), for the strains LFMB 19 and LFMB 20, polyol mannitol was the principal metabolic product synthesized (maximum quantity 6.0 g/L, yield 0.20–0.26 g per g of glycerol consumed). The above strains produced small quantities of lipids and citric acid. In contrast, Y. lipolytica ACA‐YC 5033 produced simultaneously higher quantities of lipid and citric acid and was further grown on crude glycerol in nitrogen‐limited experiments, with constant nitrogen and increasing glycerol concentrations (70–120 g/L). Citric acid and lipid concentrations increased with increment of glycerol; maximum total citric acid 50.1 g/L was produced (yield 0.44 g per g of glycerol) while simultaneously 2.0 g/L of fat were accumulated inside the cells (0.31 g of lipid per g of dry weight). Cellular lipids were mainly composed of neutral fraction, the concentration of which substantially increased with time. Moreover, in any case, the phospholipid fraction was more unsaturated compared with total and neutral lipids, while at the early growth step, microbial lipid was more rich in saturated fatty acids (e.g. C16:0 and C18:0) compared with the stationary phase.
Light penetration into Clarens sandstone and implications for deterioration of San rock art
Authors: Hall Kevin , Meiklejohn Ian , Sumner Paul , Arocena Joselito 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn respect to the weathering of cave art exposed to the sun, cognizance has yet to be taken of the modified thermal conditions and the potential for endolithic biotic activity where the art is located on a light‐transmissive lithology. Where light penetrates rock, the light‐to‐heat transfer is not solely at the surface, and this leads to a thermal gradient that is different from where the paintings are located (and all transfer is at the surface). Light values of up to 200 W/m2 were recorded at 0.5 mm depth and up to 100 W/m2 at 1mm depth in the dry sandstone; rock moisture data showed that at this site the rock remained dry irrespective of atmospheric conditions. The light penetration means that there can be rapid and large subsurface thermal fluctuations contemporaneous with those at the rock surface, and that the thermal gradient is not as steep (approximately 1°C/mm in the surficial part of the rock) as where light‐to‐heat transfer is solely at the surface. Further, the presence of subsurface photosynthetically active radiation can (potentially) facilitate colonization by endolithic organisms. Here, as part of a study of the weathering of San rock art on sandstone in southern Africa, a first attempt is made to monitor the extent of light penetration and the resulting thermal conditions in the outer few millimeters of the sandstone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.