bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Knowledge on the Role of Salicylic Acid for Stress Tolerance on Field Crops
Authors: Guin Aritra , Korav Santosh , Banik Biswajyoti , Unjia Denil 
Published: April 2024

Salicylic acid is a well-known signal molecule that mediates plant resistance and is also involved in the control of plant development. Conversely, despite its well-established role in plant resistance, its impact on plant development is still poorly understood. the body of research indicating the essential functions of salicylic acid in controlling cell division and expansion, two processes that ultimately determine a plant's structure. This study summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms and molecular mechanisms via which salicylic acid regulates plant development through a range of pathways. Here, the role of salicylic acid in controlling growth regulation through effects on cell division and expansion is highlighted. The methods and molecular processes by which salicylic acid controls stress tolerance through a variety of pathways are compiled in this study. The relationships between salicylic acid and other hormones as well as their significance in determining plant development were also covered. Future crop improvement will greatly benefit from a deeper understanding of the process underpinning salicylic acid-mediated growth.
An Analysis of Energy Input and Output Dynamics in Redgram Production of Vikarabad District, Telangana, India
Authors: Kumar Sravan , Sridhar K. 
Published: April 2024

Energy analysis (input-output) of Redgram production systems in Vikarabad district of Telangana State. Surveys conducted at the farms that cultivate Redgram in Vikarabad district, in the 2021. Sixty farms that produce Redgram were interviewed face to face. The results revealed that in Redgram production systems total energy input was 19289.61MJ/ha. The highest share of energy consumed was recorded for N fertilizer (78.29%) which is a nonrenewable resource. Output Energy was 11025 MJ/ha. Accordingly, energy efficiency(output input ratio) was 3.11, energy productivity calculated as 0.021 KgMJ-1 and specific energy was observed as 45.7 MJKg-1, agrochemical energy ratio was 0.82 % and energy intensiveness was 1.14.
The flexibility of source‐monitoring training: Reducing young children's source confusions
Authors: Thierry Karen L. , Lamb Michael E. , Pipe Margaret‐Ellen , Spence Melanie J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe effect of source‐monitoring training on the ability of 3‐ to 4‐year‐old children to discriminate between events seen live and those described in a story was examined. All children saw a live presentation of a target event and heard about a similar target event from a storybook. Three to 4 days later, the children received either source‐monitoring or control training involving a different set of events. Within each training condition, the children were taught to discriminate events (source training) or identify features of events (control training) acquired from sources that were either analogous (live–story events) or partially analogous (live—video events) to the target‐event sources. Immediately after training, all children were asked to monitor the source of the target events seen a few days earlier. The children in both the analogous and partially analogous source‐monitoring training groups more accurately distinguished between the target live and story events than did children in the control training groups. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information search in heuristic decision making
Authors: Dhami Mandeep K. , Harries Clare 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSimple heuristics of the type introduced by Gigerenzer, Todd, and The ABC Research Group (1999) embody principles for information search, stop and decision making. These heuristics suggest that such processes are simple. In an analysis of general practitioners' (GPs) information search and decision‐making behaviour when prescribing a lipid lowering drug, we examined whether information search was simple, and whether a heuristic that predicts a simple decision‐making process was also accurate at describing information search. We found that GPs' information search behaviour was simple in that it demonstrated characteristics of the matching heuristic (e.g. stopping rule). In addition, although the matching heuristic which correctly predicted on average 75% of GPs' decisions used significantly fewer cues on average than the GPs did in the information search task, it was reasonably accurate in describing order of information search. These findings have implications for the validity of simple heuristics describing both information search and decision making. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Access to handouts of presentation slides during lecture: Consequences for learning
Authors: Marsh Elizabeth J. , Sink Holli E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTeachers often lecture with presentation software such as Microsoft PowerPoint; however, little research has examined the effects of this new technology on learning. One issue that arises is whether or not to give students copies of the lecture slides, and if so when. A survey documented that students prefer to receive lecture slides before class, whereas instructors were less pronounced in their preferences. Two experiments examined whether having handouts of the slides facilitated encoding of science lectures. Having access to handouts of the slides during lecture was associated with a number of benefits: less note‐taking (studies 1 and 2), less time needed to prepare for a final test (study 1), and better performance on the final test (study 2). Overall, receiving handouts before lecture helped efficient encoding of the lecture. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shooting behaviour: How working memory and negative emotionality influence police officer shoot decisions
Authors: Kleider Heather M. , Parrott Dominic J. , King Tricia Z. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrevious research on police officer shoot decisions has focussed on the influence of situational factors that lead to the shooting error. Focussing instead on the ‘shooter’, the present study examined whether working memory capacity and threat‐related increases in negative emotionality influenced participant shoot decisions in a simulated shooting task. Following a working memory test, 24 police officers viewed a police‐relevant threatening video while physiological indices of arousal and negative affect were obtained and then completed a computerized shoot‐don't shoot task. Results indicated that lower working memory capacity was associated with a greater likelihood of shooting unarmed targets and a failure to shoot armed targets. Moreover, an interaction effect indicated that these associations were only significant for officers who experienced heightened negative emotionality in response to the video. Results suggest that when negatively aroused via threat, limited working memory capacity increases the risk of shooting error. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics of the thermal dissociation of ZnO exposed to concentrated solar irradiation using a solar‐driven thermogravimeter in the 1800–2100 K range
Authors: Schunk Lothar O. , Steinfeld Aldo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe two‐step H2O‐splitting thermochemical cycle based on the Zn/ZnO redox reactions is considered for solar H2 production, comprising the endothermal dissociation of ZnO followed by the exothermal hydrolysis of Zn. A solar‐driven thermogravimeter, in which a packed‐bed of ZnO particles is directly exposed to concentrated solar radiation at a peak solar concentration ratio of 2400 suns while its weight loss is continuously monitored, was applied to measure the thermal dissociation rate in a set‐up closely approximating the heat and mass transfer characteristics of solar reactors. Isothermal thermogravimetric runs were performed in the range 1834–2109 K and fitted to a zero‐order Arrhenius rate law with apparent activation energy 361 ± 53 kJ mol−1 K−1 and frequency factor 14.03 × 106 ± 2.73 × 106 kg m−2 s−1. Application of L‘vov’s kinetic expression for solid decomposition along with a convective mass transport correlation yielded kinetic parameters in close agreement with those derived from experimental data. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Process intensification using a two‐phase system and micromixing for consecutive and reversible reactions
Authors: Okubo Yoshihito , Mae Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study aimed to find reaction conditions that improve the yield of target intermediate products, using a two‐phase system and a microspace for first‐order consecutive and reversible reactions. As a result, the yield of target products with a two‐phase system can be surpassed by that of a single‐phase system through selecting the organic phase such that the partition coefficient of the raw material to the aqueous phase is large, and that of the target product to the organic phase is also large. In addition, the volume ratio of two phases and the liquid–liquid interfacial area are also important factors for improving the target product yield. In a microspace, the microfluid segments can be designed both arbitrarily and precisely, and thus it is possible to control the interfacial area and mass transfer rates accurately. Utilization of a microspace can play a significant role in intensifying a two‐phase system. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Flow characteristics of thermo‐responsive microspheres in microchannel during the phase transition
Authors: Zhou Ming‐Yu , Xie Rui , Ju Xiao‐Jie , Zhao Ze‐Lin , Chu Liang‐Yin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo probe into the flow and aggregation behaviors of thermo‐responsive microspheres in microchannel during the phase transition, the flow characteristics of monodisperse poly(n‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microspheres in microchannel with local heating are investigated systematically. When the fluid temperature in the microchannel increases across the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the PNIPAM microspheres finish the phase transition within 10 s and are easily get aggregated during the phase transition. The diameter ratio of microsphere to microchannel, number of microspheres, initial distance between microspheres, and flow direction of fluid in microchannel, are key parameters affecting the flow and aggregation behaviors of the microspheres in microchannel during the phase transition. If a proper combination of these parameters is designed, the microspheres can aggregate together during the phase transition and stop automatically at a desired position in the microchannel by local heating, which is what the targeting drug delivery system expected. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Incidence of the mucopolysaccharidoses in Taiwan, 1984–2004
Authors: Lin Hsiang‐Yu , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Chuang Chih‐Kuang , Niu Dau‐Ming , Chen Ming‐Ren , Tsai Fuu‐Jen , Chao Mei‐Chyn , Chiu Pao‐Ching , Lin Shio‐Jean , Tsai Li‐Ping , Hwu Wuh‐Liang , Lin Ju‐Li 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrevious studies on the incidence of the various types of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) in different populations have shown considerable variation. However, information regarding the incidence of MPS in the Asian population is lacking. An epidemiological study of the MPS disorders in Taiwan using multiple ascertainment sources was undertaken, and incidences of different types of MPS during the period of 1984–2004 were estimated. We compared our data with previous reports in different populations. The combined birth incidence for all MPS cases was 2.04 per 100,000 live births. MPS II (Hunter syndrome) had the highest calculated birth incidence of 1.07 per 100,000 live births (2.05 per 100,000 male live births), comprising 52% of all MPS cases diagnosed. The birth incidences of MPS I (Hurler syndrome), III (Sanfilippo syndrome), IV (Morquio syndrome), and VI (Maroteaux‐Lamy syndrome) were 0.11, 0.39, 0.33, and 0.14 per 100,000 live births, respectively, which accounted for 6%, 19%, 16%, and 7% of all MPS, respectively. No cases of MPS III D (Sanfilippo syndrome type D), MPS IV B (Morquio syndrome type B), MPS VII (Sly syndrome) or MPS IX were ascertained during the study period. Overall incidence of MPS in Taiwan was consistent with that reported in Western populations. However, in contrast to the higher incidence of MPS I in most Western populations, this study showed a higher incidence of MPS II in Taiwan. It remains to be investigated whether this discrepancy is attributed to the under‐diagnosis of MPS I in Taiwan or to ethnic differences. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late‐onset Lennox–Gastaut syndrome in a patient with 15q11.2–q13.1 duplication
Authors: Orrico Alfredo , Zollino Marcella , Galli Lucia , Buoni Sabrina , Marangi Giuseppe , Sorrentino Vincenzo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe 4 Mb 15q11–q13 region is prone to structural rearrangements. Deletions have been identified among the leading causes for genetic diseases such as the Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes, while duplications, occurring preferentially on the maternal chromosome, produce a typical phenotype that includes mental retardation, language delay, seizures and autism. Although a number of such patients have been reported, however, there is a paucity of information about their clinical outcomes in adult age. We report on a 33‐year‐old female with a microduplication of 15q11–q13 detected by array‐CGH analysis, with particular reference to the epilepsy phenotype, characterized as a late‐onset Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Craniosynostosis in patients with Noonan syndrome caused by germline KRAS mutations
Authors: Kratz Christian P. , Zampino Giuseppe , Kriek Marjolein , Kant Sarina G. , Leoni Chiara , Pantaleoni Francesca , Oudesluys‐Murphy Anne Marie , Di Rocco Concezio , Kloska Stephan P. , Tartaglia Marco , Zenker Martin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCraniosynostosis, the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, is a developmental defect that disrupts the cranial morphogenetic program, leading to variable dysmorphic craniofacial features and associated functional abnormalities. Craniosynostosis is frequently observed as an associated feature in a number of clinically and genetically heterogeneous syndromic conditions, including a group of disorders caused by activating mutations in genes coding for the fibroblast growth factor receptor family members FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR3. In these disorders, dysregulation of intracellular signaling promoted by the aberrant FGFR function is mediated, at least in part, by the RAS‐MAPK transduction pathway. Mutations in KRAS, HRAS, and other genes coding for proteins participating in this signaling cascade have recently been identified as underlying Noonan syndrome (NS) and related disorders. While cardinal features of these syndromes include distinctive dysmorphic facial features, reduced growth, congenital heart defects, and variable ectodermal anomalies and cognitive impairment, craniosynostosis is not a recognized feature. Here, we report on the occurrence of premature closure of cranial sutures in subjects with NS, and their specific association with mutations in the KRAS gene. These findings highlight the pathogenetic significance of aberrant signaling mediated by the RAS signaling pathway in other known forms of craniosynostosis, and suggest that, even in the absence of radiologically demonstrable synostosis of the calvarian sutures, dysregulated growth and/or suture closure at specific craniofacial sites might contribute to the craniofacial anomalies occurring in NS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homozygous female Becker muscular dystrophy
Authors: Fujii Katsunori , Minami Narihiro , Hayashi Yukiko , Nishino Ichizo , Nonaka Ikuya , Tanabe Yuzo , Takanashi Jun‐ichi , Kohno Yoichi 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWe report, for the first time, on a female Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) patient with homozygous dystrophin deletion. The 14‐year‐old patient, product of consanguineous parents, presented with a 7‐year history of exercise intolerance and recurrent myoglobinuria. Although CK was elevated to 1,800 U/L, no muscle weakness, atrophy, or hypertrophy was seen on examination. Muscle pathology demonstrated a minimal dystrophic change and faint dystrophin staining pattern. Semi‐quantitative PCR of dystrophin revealed a homozygous dystrophin deletion of exons 45–55, which is predicted to remove 593 amino acids without frame shifting. Western blot analysis of skeletal muscle for dystrophin showed a 306 kDa band; thus, we made a diagnosis of female BMD. We confirmed identical deletion in both father and mother, in hemizygous and heterozygous modes, respectively. Neither female Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) nor BMD due to homozygous dystrophin mutation has ever been identified although female DMD has been found in patients with Turner syndrome or unilateral parental disomy for X chromosome. Our results indicate that dystrophinopathy can also be caused in females by homozygosity, albeit rare. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexual behavior in female western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla): evidence for sexual competition
Authors: Stoinski Tara S. , Perdue Bonnie M. , Legg Angela M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPrevious research in gorillas suggests that females engage in post‐conception mating as a form of sexual competition designed to improve their own reproductive success. This study focused on sexual behaviors in a newly formed group of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) housed at Zoo Atlanta. All females engaged in mating outside their conceptive periods, although there was individual variation in the frequency of the behavior. An analysis of the presence/absence of sexual behavior found females, regardless of reproductive condition, were more likely to engage in sexual behavior on days when other females were sexually active. On these “co‐occurrence” days, females were significantly more likely to solicit the silverback, but copulations did not differ from expectation. The results find further evidence for sexual competition among female gorillas and suggest that this may occur throughout their reproductive cycle rather than only during pregnancy. Am. J. Primatol. 71:587–593, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rational Design of an Organometallic Glutathione Transferase Inhibitor
Authors: Ang Wee Han , Parker Lorien J. , De Luca Anastasia , Juillerat‐Jeanneret Lucienne , Morton Craig J. , Lo Bello Mario , Parker Michael W. , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDouble trouble: A hybrid organic–inorganic (organometallic) inhibitor was designed to target glutathione transferases. The metal center is used to direct protein binding, while the organic moiety acts as the active‐site inhibitor (see picture). The mechanism of inhibition was studied using a range of biophysical and biochemical methods.magnified image
Evaluation of new 3‐mercaptopropionate thiols for thiol‐ene photopolymerization coatings using experimental design
Authors: Wutticharoenwong Kosin , Soucek Mark D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThree 3‐mercaptopropionate thiols, 1,6‐Hexane bis(3‐mercaptopropionate) (HD‐SH), trans‐1,4‐Cyclohexanedimethyl bis(3‐mercaptopropionate) (CHDM‐SH), and 4,4′‐Isopropylidenedicyclohexane bis(3‐mercaptopropionate) (HBPA‐SH) were formulated with 1,3,5‐triallyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)‐trione (TATATO) and photoinitiator. The formulations were photopolymerized via thiol‐ene photopolymerization. A ternary experimental design was employed to elucidate the influence the three thiols on the thermomechanical and coatings properties of thiol‐ene photopolymerizable materials. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation‐to‐break, glass transition temperature (Tg), and crosslink density (XLD) were investigated. Coating properties including pencil hardness, pull‐off adhesion, MEK double rubs, and gloss were also investigated. Relative reaction conversion was determined by photo differential scanning calorimeter (PDSC). Thiol‐ene photopolymerizable materials containing HBPA‐SH resulted in improving tensile strength, tensile modulus, Tg, and pencil hardness but lowering of crosslink density and relative conversion. This was attributed to steric and rigidity of the double cycloaliphatic structure. The inclusion of CHDM‐SH into the systems resulted in the synergistic effect on elongation‐to‐break and pull‐off adhesion. The HD‐SH generally resulted in a diminution of thermomechanical and coating properties, but improved the crosslink density. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Encapsulation of diclofenac sodium with acidic copolymer hydrogels based on PEG/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) semi‐interpenetrating network using in situ loading technique
Authors: Zhang Chi , Easteal Allan J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA pH‐ and temperature‐responsive semi‐interpenetrating copolymer PEG6000/poly(NIPA‐co‐AMPS) (PEG/AMPS‐co‐NIPA SIPN), for short PEG SIPN, was made by ammonium persulfate‐initiated suspension copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulphonic acid, and N,N′‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (MBAA; crosslinker) in the presence of PEG6000. The PEG SIPN copolymer matrices containing nanostructures made in the high‐temperature copolymerization resulted in channels for PEG and facile migration of drugs. In drug encapsulation or drug‐loading process, one can easily ignore or pay less attention to the interaction between a drug and its encapsulation materials; however, the ignored interactions may induce problems in drug properties or the release behavior in use. Sodium diclofenac (DFNa) precipitates as the carboxylic acid form in an acidic environment, and it is challenging to encapsulate sodium diclofenac in such an acidic matrix without precipitation of the sparingly soluble acid form of DFNa on the surface of the polymer substrate. To avoid bulky precipitation in drug loading, an in situ loading technique was developed for producing gel spheres with DFNa uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The technique is based on fast polymerization of spherical droplets of a pregel solution in which the drug is dissolved. Diffusion‐loading prodrugs were made in comparison with in situ loading prodrugs in thermal, release kinetics, and release behavior. Drug release profiles (in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer) show that the new drug loading technique gives controlled release during a period of about 7 days at 37°C. By contrast, gel spheres loaded with sodium diclofenac using the conventional diffusion technique produced almost total release of the drug within about 24 h. The thermal stability of sodium diclofenac, the PEG/AMPS‐co‐NIPA SIPN, and the prodrugs made with the SIPN and sodium diclofenac was studied. A near zero‐order release kinetics was found in the in vitro release of sodium diclofenac with in situ loading PEG SIPN prodrug. We have, for the first time, studied sodium diclofenac release behavior from the PEG SIPN hydrogel systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009