bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Results of the Surgical Repair of a Lacerated Canaliculus in Children
Authors: Kwitny Alla , Baker John D. 
Published: May 2010

Purpose:
This study examined the functional success of surgical repair of lacerated canaliculi in a pediatric population.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed on 46 patients who had surgical repair of a lacerated canaliculus. Functional success was defined as no tearing or discharge present at the end of treatment.

Results:
Forty-four of the 46 patients had repair with a Crawford tube. Of these, 39 presented for postoperative follow-up. Two patients had some tearing present at the time of tube removal. Eight patients whose tube fell out or was pulled out by the patient had no symptoms at their last visit. Fourteen patients were able to be contacted by phone for follow-up more than a year after treatment and 13 were symptom free. The child with reported discharge was more than 2 years post treatment and had not scheduled any return appointments to seek treatment.

Conclusion:
Surgical repair of a lacerated canaliculus using a Crawford silicone tube in the pediatric population has an excellent chance of having a good functional outcome with no tearing or discharge present.
Comparison of Corneal and Total Ocular Aberrations Before and After Myopic LASIK
Authors: Gatinel Damien , Adam Pierre-Alexandre , Chaabouni Slim , Munck Jacques , Thevenot Maud , Hoang-Xuan Thanh , Pieger Stefan , Fujieda Masanao , Bains Harkaran S. 
Published: May 2010

PURPOSE:
To assess the compensation of total ocular and corneal wavefront aberrations after conventional myopic LASIK.

METHODS:
This study comprised 57 eyes of 57 patients. Total and corneal aberrations were measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively using the OPD-Scan (NIDEK Co Ltd) aberrometer. Total and corneal aberrations root-mean-square (RMS) was calculated out to the 6th Zernike order for a 6.0-mm pupil diameter. The percentage increase postoperatively was defined by the ratio of RMS pre- and postoperatively for each corneal and total eye group. The compensation between corneal and internal aberrations for a given aberration group was defined as: (corneal aberration group RMS — total eye aberration group RMS)/corneal aberration group RMS.

RESULTS:

Postoperatively, higher order aberrations increased by a factor of 1.77±1.26 (total) and 2.47±2.25 (corneal) (
P
<.05). Coma aberration increased by a factor of 2.43±2.61 (total) and 2.56±2.66 (corneal). Spherical aberration increased by a factor of 1.46±1.83 (total) and 2.64±2.24 (corneal). The values of the ratio of compensation did not change significantly before and after LASIK for individual aberrations (
P
>.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although myopic LASIK induced signifi-cant corneal aberrations, the level of partial compensation of corneal aberrations by internal structures remained unchanged. These results suggest that the previously described emmetropization that is effective during development may also be effective with acquired variations in corneal shape. [
J Refract Surg
. 2010;26:333–340.]
Computer-Assisted Image Processing for a Simulated Stereo Effect of Ocular Fundus and Fluorescein Angiography Photographs
Authors: Chen Lee-Jen , Yeh Shu-I 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report computer-assisted image processing for a simulated stereo effect of fundus and fluorescein angiography (FAG) digital photographs in patients with ocular fundus pathology.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fundus red-free and FAG photographs of patients with a variety of ocular fundus pathologies were digitized and then processed with the sketch bas relief filter of Adobe Photoshop software (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) to create a stereo-like carved image. The images were compared with indirect slit-lamp biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for accuracy and reliability in showing ocular pathology.

RESULTS:
The bas relief filter could transform ocular fundus and FAG photographs into images carved in relief. Dark areas of the fundus image took on the background color, and light colors used the foreground color. A variety of ocular fundus pathologies with fluorescein dye leakage in the FAG were found to be elevated lesions after image processing with the bas relief filter. Image misinterpretations might occur and can be avoided with careful examination of the ocular fundus with indirect slit-lamp biomicroscopy and OCT.

CONCLUSION:
Computer-assisted image processing for a simulated stereo effect of fundus and FAG photographs is a simple and assessable method of image processing that decreases the complexity of ocular fundus and FAG photographs for patient interpretation. It might be a useful tool in assisting physician–patient communication by creating pseudo three-dimensional images and highlighting ocular fundus pathology.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:293–300.]
Comparison of Macular Thickness Measurement and Segmentation Error Rate Between Stratus and Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Modjtahedi Sara , Chiou Christine , Modjtahedi Bobeck , Telander David G. , Morse Lawrence S. , Park Susanna S. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare macular thickness measurements and segmentation error rates between Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA), and Fourier-domain OCT (RTVue, Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective study was performed of 93 normal and pathologic eyes from 79 subjects imaged with both OCT instruments on the same day. Both the macular thickness measurement for each Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) zone and the incidence of segmentation error in the central macula between the two instruments were compared.

RESULTS:

Macular thickness measurements for all nine ETDRS zones were higher with RTVue compared with Stratus OCT (
P
< .01). Linear regression analysis showed the highest correlation in the central macula (R
2
= 0.88), with progressively lower correlation peripherally. The overall segmentation error rate was 29% with Stratus OCT versus 32% with RTVue (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSION:
Macular thickness measurement was greater with RTVue than with Stratus OCT in all ETDRS areas, with the best correlation seen in the central macula. No difference in segmentation error rate was noted between the two instruments.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:301–310.]
Ultra-Wide–Field Imaging for Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Authors: Mudvari Sachin S. , Virasch Vanee V. , Singa Ramesh M. , MacCumber Mathew W. 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the Optomap imaging system (Optos PLC, Dunfermline, Scotland) with conventional fundus photography in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients treated at Rush University for acquired immune deficiency syndrome and CMV retinitis were studied prospectively. Conventional nine-field photography and Optomap ultra-wide–field photography were performed on the same day. A patient satisfaction questionnaire was completed. The main outcome measures were total retinal area imaged, area of CMV retinitis imaged, and patient satisfaction.

RESULTS:
Twelve eyes met the inclusion criteria. Ultra-wide–field imaging captured 48.3% greater retinal area and 40.0% greater CMV retinitis area compared with standard photography. Standard photography missed peripheral CMV lesions in two eyes. The patient satisfaction survey indicated a preference for ultra-wide–field imaging based on increased comfort and decreased imaging time.

CONCLUSION:
The ultra-wide–field Optomap imaging system tended to capture greater areas of total retina and peripheral CMV retinitis lesions. Patients tended to prefer ultra-wide–field imaging because of the perceived time requirements and comfort of use.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:311–315.]
Phacoemulsification and Trabeculotomy Combined With Goniosynechialysis for Uncontrollable Chronic Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Kiuchi Yoshiaki , Tsujino Chieko , Nakamura Takao , Otori Yasumasa , Mochizuki Hideki 
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess and explore the effectiveness of phacoemulsification and trabeculotomy combined with goniosynechialysis in lowering intraocular pressure in eyes with uncontrollable chronic angle-closure glaucoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The medical charts of 24 eyes of 22 patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma were reviewed retrospectively. The probability of successful treatment in 12 eyes that had earlier glaucoma attacks and 12 that did not have an attack were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier life-table analysis with the target pressure set at 15 mm Hg.

RESULTS:
Mean preoperative intraocular pressure for all eyes was 33.3 ± 12.0 mm Hg and decreased to 11.8 ± 2.3 mm Hg. The success rate was 86.6% at 1 year after surgery. Life-table analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the two groups.

CONCLUSION:
Phacoemulsification and trabeculotomy combined with goniosynechialysis is an effective surgical treatment for chronic angle-closure glaucoma in eyes with or without a previous glaucoma attack.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:348–354.]
Augmented Antibody Response with Premature Germinal Center Regression in CD40L Transgenic Mice
Authors: Kishi Yusuke , Aiba Yuichi , Higuchi Tetsuya , Furukawa Koji , Tokuhisa Takeshi , Takemori Toshitada , Tsubata Takeshi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlthough CD40 signaling is required for activation and differentiation of B cells, including germinal center (GC) formation and generation of memory B cells, in vivo generation of CD40 signaling augments plasma cell differentiation but disrupts GCs. Thus, CD40 signaling is thought to direct B cells to extrafollicular plasma cell fate rather than GC formation. In this study, we analyzed CD40L transgenic (CD40LTg) mice that constitutively express CD40L on B cells. After immunization, activation of B cells, but not dendritic cells, was augmented, although dendritic cells can be activated by CD40 ligation. Bone marrow chimera carrying CD40LTg and nontransgenic B cells showed increased Ab production from transgenic, but not from coexisting nontransgenic, B cells, suggesting that CD40L on a B cell preferentially stimulates the same B cell through an autocrine pathway, thereby augmenting Ab production. Although GCs rapidly regressed after day 5 of immunization and failed to generate late-appearing high-affinity Ab, CD40LTg mice showed normal GC formation up to day 5, as well as normal generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cell responses. This observation suggests that CD40 signaling does not block GC formation or differentiation of GC B cells, but it inhibits sustained expansion of GC B cells and augments B cell differentiation.
Myeloid PTEN Promotes Inflammation but Impairs Bactericidal Activities during Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Schabbauer Gernot , Matt Ulrich , Günzl Philipp , Warszawska Joanna , Furtner Tanja , Hainzl Eva , Elbau Immanuel , Mesteri Ildiko , Doninger Bianca , Binder Bernd R. , Knapp Sylvia 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase has been described as an essential signaling component involved in the chemotactic cell influx that is required to eliminate pathogens. At the same time, PI3K was reported to modulate the immune response, thus limiting the magnitude of acute inflammation. The precise role of the PI3K pathway and its endogenous antagonist phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) during clinically relevant bacterial infections is still poorly understood. Utilizing mice lacking myeloid cell-specific PTEN, we studied the impact of PTEN on the immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Survival analysis disclosed that PTEN-deficient mice displayed less severe signs of disease and prolonged survival. The inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae was greatly reduced in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Unexpectedly, neutrophil influx to the lungs was significantly impaired in animals lacking myeloid-cell PTEN, whereas the additional observation of improved phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages lacking PTEN ultimately resulted in unaltered lung CFUs following bacterial infection. Together, the absence of myeloid cell-associated PTEN and consecutively enhanced PI3K activity dampened pulmonary inflammation, reduced neutrophil influx, and augmented phagocytic properties of macrophages, which ultimately resulted in decreased tissue injury and improved survival during murine pneumococcal pneumonia.
Sensitive Explosive Vapor Detection with Polyfluorene Lasers
Authors: Yang Ying , Turnbull Graham A. , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDistributed feedback organic semiconductor lasers based on polyfluorene are shown to be suitable for use as chemical sensors for the detection of nitroaromatic‐based explosive vapors. The laser threshold is increased by a factor of 1.8 and the slope efficiency is reduced by a factor of 3 after exposure to the vapor. The sensing efficiency depends strongly on the excitation energy with a maximum efficiency of 85%. The temporal dynamics of the laser response to the analyte have been investigated. The laser emission falls to 60% of its initial value in 46 s. A model is developed to offer some insight into the diffusion of the vapor molecules inside the polymer layer.
Tunable Guided‐Mode Resonance Grating Filter
Authors: Szeghalmi Adriana , Helgert Michael , Brunner Robert , Heyroth Frank , Gösele Ulrich , Knez Mato 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe optical characteristics of shallow 2D nanostructured polycarbonate samples are presented. Tunable guided‐mode resonance filters are experimentally demonstrated for the visible spectral range when functional coatings are applied to 2D nanostructures by means of atomic layer deposition. The wavelength position of the reflection peaks can be easily tuned in a broad range (>150 nm) through rotation of the optical element around the axis normal to the substrate without changing the rest of the optical setup. Rigorous coupled wave approach simulation of model systems is performed to obtain insight into the complexity of the optical properties of these systems. The photonic nanostructures presented here are promising optics for application in ultra‐compact, portable, miniaturized optical systems.
Mussel‐Inspired Polydopamine Coating as a Universal Route to Hydroxyapatite Crystallization
Authors: Ryu Jungki , Ku Sook Hee , Lee Haeshin , Park Chan Beum 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBone tissue is a complex biocomposite material with a variety of organic (e.g., proteins, cells) and inorganic (e.g., hydroxyapatite crystals) components hierarchically organized with nano/microscale precision. Based on the understanding of such hierarchical organization of bone tissue and its unique mechanical properties, efforts are being made to mimic these organic–inorganic hybrid biocomposites. A key factor for the successful designing of complex, hybrid biomaterials is the facilitation and control of adhesion at the interfaces, as many current synthetic biomaterials are inert, lacking interfacial bioactivity. In this regard, researchers have focused on controlling the interface by surface modifications, but the development of a simple, unified way to biofunctionalize diverse organic and inorganic materials remains a critical challenge. Here, a universal biomineralization route, called polydopamine‐assisted hydroxyapatite formation (pHAF), that can be applied to virtually any type and morphology of scaffold materials is demonstrated. Inspired by the adhesion mechanism of mussels, the pHAF method can readily integrate hydroxyapatites on ceramics, noble metals, semiconductors, and synthetic polymers, irrespective of their size and morphology (e.g., porosity and shape). Surface‐anchored catecholamine moieties in polydopamine enriches the interface with calcium ions, facilitating the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals that are aligned to thec‐axes, parallel to the polydopamine layer as observed in natural hydroxyapatites in mineralized tissues. This universal surface biomineralization can be an innovative foundation for future tissue engineering.
Low‐Temperature Superionic Conductivity in Strained Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia
Authors: Sillassen Michael , Eklund Per , Pryds Nini , Johnson Erik , Helmersson Ulf , Bøttiger Jørgen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVery high lateral ionic conductivities in epitaxial cubic yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) synthesized on single‐crystal SrTiO3 and MgO substrates by reactive direct current magnetron sputtering are reported. Superionic conductivities (i.e., ionic conductivities of the order ∼1 Ω−1cm−1) are observed at 500 °C for 58‐nm‐thick films on MgO. The results indicate a superposition of two parallel contributions – one due to bulk conductivity and one attributable to conduction along the film–substrate interface. Interfacial effects dominate the conductivity at low temperatures (<350 °C), showing more than three orders of magnitude enhancement compared to bulk YSZ. At higher temperatures, a more bulk‐like conductivity is observed. The films have a negligible grain‐boundary network, thus ruling out grain boundaries as a pathway for ionic conduction. The observed enhancement in lateral ionic conductivity is caused by a combination of misfit dislocation density and elastic strain in the interface. These very high ionic conductivities in the temperature range 150–500 °C are of great fundamental importance but may also be technologically relevant for low‐temperature applications.
The Impact of Polymer Regioregularity on Charge Transport and Efficiency of P3HT:PCBM Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Mauer Ralf , Kastler Marcel , Laquai Frédéric 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe charge transport in pristine poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films and in photovoltaic blends of P3HT with [6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is investigated to study the influence of charge‐carrier transport on photovoltaic efficiency. The field‐ and temperature dependence of the charge‐carrier mobility in P3HT of three different regioregularities, namely, regiorandom, regioregular with medium regioregularity, and regioregular with very high regioregularity are investigated by the time‐of‐flight technique. While medium and very high regioregularity polymers show the typical absorption features of ordered lamellar structures of P3HT in the solid state even without previous annealing, films of regiorandom P3HT are very disordered as indicated by their broad and featureless absorption. This structural difference in the solid state coincides with partially non‐dispersive transport and hole mobilities µh of around 10−4 and 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for the high and medium regioregularity P3HT, respectively, and a slow and dispersive charge transport for the regiorandom P3HT. Upon blending the regioregular polymers with PCBM, the hole mobilities are typically reduced by one order of magnitude, but they do not significantly change upon additional post‐spincasting annealing. Only in the case of P3HT with high regioregularity are the electron mobilities similar to the hole mobilities and the charge transport is, thus, balanced. Nonetheless, devices prepared from both materials exhibit similar power conversion efficiencies of 2.5%, indicating that very high regioregularity may not substantially improve order and charge‐carrier transport in P3HT:PCBM and does not lead to significant improvements in the power‐conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices.
A Three‐Dimensional Gold‐Decorated Nanoporous Copper Core–Shell Composite for Electrocatalysis and Nonenzymatic Biosensing
Authors: Chen L.Y. , Fujita T. , Ding Y. , Chen M. W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBimetallic core–shell nanostructures have attracted increasing attention due to their low material costs along with enhanced chemico‐physical properties in comparison with their monometallic counterparts. Here, a novel gold‐decorated nanoporous copper (Au@NPC) core–shell composite fabricated by a facile in situ hydrometallurgy approach is reported. Thin gold shells with a controllable thickness are homogeneously deposited onto the internal surfaces of 3D nanoporous copper via a spontaneous displacement reaction while nanoporous copper is utilized as a reduction agent as well as 3D template and substrate. The resulting inexpensive core–shell nanostructure exhibits significant electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol and high non‐enzymatic sensitivity in detecting glucose.
Export market participation, spillovers, and foreign direct investment in Australian food manufacturing
Authors: Phillips Shauna , Ahmadi‐Esfahani Fredoun Z. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGenerating a more outward looking sector has been one of the principal aims of agrifood policy in Australia for the past two decades. Australia's proximity to fast‐growing economies of East Asia has been seen as a major source for export growth. Over the same time span, there has been an increase in foreign ownership in the food sector. Using a firm‐level data set for 2005, we characterize the probability that a firm participates in exporting by a set of firm characteristics, including foreign ownership and spillovers from foreign‐owned firms, and find that foreign ownership neither increases nor decreases the probability that a firm will be involved in exporting. [EconLit citations: Q170, Q130]. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DEM simulation of a 3D vertical vibratory screening process: The study of a simulated woven‐mesh structure
Authors: Tung Kuo Lun , Chang Ting Hsiang , Lin Yi‐Feng , Chyang Chien‐Song 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA discrete‐element method (DEM) was applied to analyze the complicated phenomena of granular screening using different plate‐, bead‐, and woven‐mesh structures. In the past, mesh structures have often been simplified as plate or bead structures in screening‐process simulations, resulting in large differences between the simulated and experimental sieving rate. Here, a mesh‐type, 3D woven structure was accurately modeled, and the simulated sieving process yielded results more closely resembling the experimental process. The woven‐mesh model constructed of sine and cosine functions was also used to assess the effect of the structures on the sieving rate and mesh‐blocking phenomena, i.e., cohesionless particles plugging the mesh. By monitoring the in situ blocking conditions in the discrete‐element method simulation, cohesionless particles with diameters of 1.1w (where w is the size of the aperture) were found to block the most mesh apertures. The large difference in sieving rates observed when separating particles with sizes of 0.7w and 1.1w and those of 0.9w and 1.1w resulted from the differing degree of freedom for the smaller particles to move to the bottom of the bed. The 0.7w particles were more able to move downward in the bed and be sieved out, leading to a higher sieving rate as compared to those with 0.9w diameters. The significant factors and phenomena of the sieving process, such as particle–mesh and particle–particle interactions, instantaneous mesh‐blocking, and the intrinsic motion of the granular bed, which cannot be observed experimentally, can be modeled by the DEM simulation using our 3D woven‐mesh model. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Model‐based measurement of particle size distributions in layering granulation processes
Authors: Bück Andreas , Peglow Mirko , Tsotsas Evangelos , Mangold Michael , Kienle Achim 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this work, we present a method for the online estimation of particle size distributions in layering granulation processes using a methodology known as model‐based measurement or state estimation. After presenting the necessary model equations for two practically relevant processes it is investigated which quantities of the processes have to be measured to estimate the size distribution. For the different processes square‐root unscented Kalman filters (SR‐UKF) are designed and tested in simulations to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011