bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of the effects on the oral mucosa of treatment for acute childhood leukaemia
Authors: WILLIAMS M. C. , MARTIN M. V. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. A longitudinal study was undertaken of the effect of therapy on the oral mucosa of 12 children with acute leukaemia. The major oral problem was ulceration, which was associated with neutrophil counts of less than 1·0 × 109/l. Candida carriage rates were consistently high in patients with or without oral candidosis. Salivary flow was not significantly different between leukaemic children and the control group.Resumé.Une étude longitudinale aporté sur les conséquences du traitement en ce qui concerne la muqueuse orale de 12 enfants souffrant de leucémie aîgue. L'ulcération de la muqueuse était le probléme principal associé avec un nombre de neutrophiles inférieur à 1·0* 109/Litre nombre de Candida était plus élevé de façon constante chez ces patients, qu’ ils présentent ou non une candidose buccale. Le flux salivaire n’était pas statistiquement différent chez les enfants leucémiques et dans le groupe de cotrôle.Zusammenfassung.Bei 12 Kindern mit aktuer Leukämie wurde mittels einer longitudinalen Studie der Effekt einer oralen Schleimhauttherapie untersucht. Das Hauptproblem sind die orale Ulzerationen, welche verbunden sind mit einer Neutrophilanzahl von weniger als 1·0 × 109/L. Candida‐Ratten war hoch bei Patienten mit oder ohne oraler Candidosis. Beim Speichelfluss konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied gefunden werden zwischen den Leukämiekinder und derjenigen der Kontrollgruppe.Resumen.Se efectuo un estudio longitudinal sobre los efectos de la terapia de la mucosa oral de 12 niños con leucemia aguda. El mayor problema oral fue la ulceración la cual estuvo asociada con el conteo de neutrófilos de menos de 1·0 × 109/L. Los rangos para el Candida fueron consistentemente altos en los pacientes con o sin candidosis oral. El flujo salival no fue signiñcativamente diferente entre los niños leucémicos y los del grupo control.
Dentigerous cysts involving permanent incisors: four case reports
Authors: SEDDON R. P. , FUNG D. E. , BARNARD K. M. , SMITH P. B. 
Published: July 2010

Summary. Four cases of dentigerous cysts involving permanent incisors are reported. In each case the primary predecessor had been traumatized, was discoloured and suspected of being non‐vital. Epithelial proliferation of the follicular tissues induced by chronic periapical inflammation of the predecessors is suggested as the most likely pathogenesis of cystic transformation in these cases. Regular radiographic review of discoloured primary incisors is recommended.Résumé.Quatre cas de kystes dentigêres des incisives permanentes sont observés. Dans chaque cas la dent de lait avait été traumatisée, était décolorée et soupçonnée d'être dévitalisée. La prolifération épithéliale des tissues folliculaires provoquée par l'inflammation périapicale chronique des dent de lait est la'explication la plus plausible pour la pathogénie de la transformation kystique dans ces cas. Il est recommandé de faire de façon régulière des examens radiographiques des incisives de liat décolorées.Zusammenfassung.Vier Fälle von Schneidezahnzysten der zweiten Zähne werden hier aufgeführt. In jedem dieser Fälle befand sich der entsprechende Milchzahn in einem traumatisierten, verfårbten and vermutlich abgestorbenen Zustand. Eine Epithelwurcherung des Follikelgewebes, die durch eine chronische, periapikale Entzündung der Milchzähne hervorgerufen ist, könnte für die Pathogenese einer zystischen Umwandlung in diesen Fällen verantwortlich sein. Regelmässige Rontgenuntersuchungen von verfärbten Milchzähnen sind deshalb emfohlen.Resumen.Cuatro casos de quistes dentigeros involucrando incisivos permanentes han sido reportados. En cada uno de los casos el predecesor primario habia sido traumatizado, estaba descolorido y se sospechaba que era no‐vital. La proliferation epitelial de los tejidos folliculares inducidos por una inflamacion cronica periapical de los predecesores ha sido sugerida como la patogenesis de la transformation a quistes en estos casos. Se recomienda revisiones radiograficas regulares de incisivos primarios descoloridos.
Plasma Leptin, Ghrelin and Indexes of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Relation to the Appearance of Post‐Weaning Oestrus in Mediterranean Obese Sows (Iberian Pig)
Authors: Torres‐Rovira L , Pallares P , Vigo E , Gonzalez‐Añover P , Sanchez‐Sanchez R , Mallo F , Gonzalez‐Bulnes A 
Published: July 2010

ContentsIberian pig is the most abundant Mediterranean swine. The lack of knowledge of the reproductive physiology of Mediterranean genotypes, with predisposition to obesity, led us to evaluate the influence of body condition and metabolic status at weaning on the resumption of follicular growth and the appearance of post‐weaning oestrus. Females failing to display post‐weaning oestrus showed a high decrease in backfat mass during lactation; backfat depth at weaning was therefore lower than in sows becoming in oestrus. Females not bearing oestrus behaviour showed lower plasma leptin levels and higher ghrelin concentrations at weaning. Moreover, these sows evidenced dyslipidemic profile (increased triglyceridemia and cholesterolemia) and mobilization of fat reserves. Hence, changes in metabolic regulation of Iberian pigs may originate large effects on the resumption of ovulatory activity after weaning.
Effects of Repeated Embryo Collection on Embryo Recovery Rate in Fertile Mares
Authors: Aurich C , König N , Budik S 
Published: July 2010

ContentsIn mares, repeated embryo collection in successive oestrous cycles is necessary if a greater number of foals should be produced. We investigated effects of repeated embryo collection in fertile donor mares on embryo recovery rates. In addition, an influence of the individual mare and season on embryo recovery rates was studied. In nine mares, a total of 153 embryo collections were performed during 30 months (17 ± 2.2 embryo collections per mare). The overall embryo recovery rate was 64% and did not differ among mares. Between successive embryo collection procedures, recovery rate varied significantly; however, no increase or decrease in the embryo recovery rate with increasing number of successive embryo collections was seen. In three mares, ovulation ceased from November to February. In the remaining six mares, embryo production was successfully continued throughout winter and no influence of the month on embryo recovery rates was detected.
Autofluorescence imaging for predicting development of metachronous gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Hanaoka Noboru , Uedo Noriya , Shiotani Akiko , Inoue Takuya , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Ishihara Ryu , Iishi Hiroyasu , Haruma Ken , Tatsuta Masaharu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Although Helicobacter pylori eradication decreases the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer after endoscopic treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC), metachronous cancer still develops after successful eradication, particularly in patients with severe corpus gastritis. We investigated whether the extent of atrophic fundic gastritis diagnosed by autofluorescence imaging (AFI) videoendoscopy is predictive of development of metachronous gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication in patients treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for EGC.Patients and Methods:  A total of 82 patients who underwent ESD for EGC from 2003 to 2006, who received eradication therapy participated in this study. The extent of chronic atrophic fundic gastritis was evaluated by AFI and categorized into closed and open type. The main outcome was the incidence of metachronous gastric cancer detected by annual surveillance endoscopy.Results:  During a median observation period of 55 months, metachronous gastric cancer developed in 12 of 82 patients (14.6%). Multivariate Cox's proportional hazard analysis revealed that open‐type, atrophic fundic gastritis diagnosed by AFI was significantly associated with development of metachronous gastric cancer (hazard ratio: 4.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32–18.2, P = 0.018) after adjustment for age, sex, histological intestinal metaplasia, serum pepsinogen level, and H. pylori status.Conclusions:  Metachronous EGC developed after successful H. pylori eradication, and extensive atrophic fundic gastritis diagnosed by AFI was a significant predictor, thus it could identify patients undergoing ESD for EGC who still required intensive surveillance after eradication.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease across ethno‐racial groups: Do Asian‐American adults represent a new at‐risk population?
Authors: Tabibian James H. , Lazo Mariana , Durazo Francisco A. , Yeh Hsin‐Chieh , Tong Myron J. , Clark Jeanne M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly common worldwide. We explored clinical, laboratory, and histological features of NAFLD as well as risk factors for histologically advanced disease among under‐represented ethno‐racial groups.Methods:  Patient records from one NAFLD clinic in California from 1998–2008 were reviewed. Biopsies were graded using Brunt criteria by a hepatopathologist blinded to clinical data. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess associations between ethno‐racial group and histological severity of NAFLD, while controlling for other factors.Results:  We identified 90 biopsy‐proven cases of NAFLD. Mean age was 49 years (standard deviation [SD] = 11.6), and half were female. 52% of patients were Caucasian, 20% Latino‐American, 18% Asian‐American, and 10% Middle Eastern‐American. There were significant differences among groups with respect to age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and grade of hepatic steatosis (all P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, older age was associated with severe (Brunt ≥ 2) inflammation (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, P = 0.002) and severe (Brunt ≥ 3) fibrosis (OR 1.2, P = 0.001), diabetes was associated with severe inflammation (OR 3.18, P = 0.07) and severe fibrosis (OR 8.81, P = 0.002), and increased BMI was associated with severe fibrosis (OR 2.43, P = 0.07). Additionally, compared to Caucasians, Asian‐Americans showed a trend toward an association with severe (Brunt > 2) steatosis (OR 3.83, P = 0.08) and severe inflammation (OR 5.42, P = 0.06).Conclusions:  The findings from this ethno‐racially diverse clinic‐based cohort are consistent with prior studies and also suggest that Asian‐Americans may be at risk for advanced NAFLD. This may have implications for the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of patients with NAFLD that merit further study.
Death, dependency and health status 90 days following hospital admission for acute stroke in NSW
Authors: Middleton S. , Levi C. , Ward J. , Grimshaw J. , Griffiths R. , D'Este C. , Dale S. , Quinn C. , Evans M. , Cadilhac D. , McElduff P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground:  Stroke is an Australian health priority area causing considerable levels of disability. We report 90‐day outcomes for a cohort of acute stroke patients in New South Wales (NSW), Australia prior to randomization to a large cluster randomized controlled trial (CRCT), the Quality in Acute Stroke Care (QASC) trial.Aims:  This paper describes prospectively collected, 90‐day outcome data for a cohort of NSW stroke patients, providing pre‐intervention data for the QASC trial.Methods:  A consecutive sample of patients from acute stroke units in NSW was recruited. We measured patient death, disability (modified Rankin Score (mRS)), dependency (Barthel Index (BI)) and Health Status (Medical Outcomes Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36)) 90 days post‐hospital admission. We also collected self‐reported healthcare utilization and patient satisfaction with health professionals' advice and management to reduce risk of subsequent stroke.Results:  Ninety‐day outcome data were obtained for 687 patients, of which, 335 (49%) had an mRS ≥2; 44 patients (6.4%) had died. For the 643 surviving patients, the mean BI was 87.2 (SD 21.9) and the mean scores for SF‐36 Physical Component Summary score and Mental Component Summary score were 46.2 (SD 10.1) and 46.3 (SD 12.6) respectively.Conclusions:  In this pre‐intervention cohort of selected acute stroke inpatients, stroke severity was mild to moderate and subsequent clinical outcomes were favourable in the majority. The findings from this study provide a comprehensive description of 90‐day health outcomes of patients who have experienced a mild–moderate stroke managed in stroke care units across metropolitan NSW and provide valuable data to inform the subsequent cluster trial.
Preliminary evaluation of the prevalence of falls, pain and urinary incontinence in remote living Indigenous Australians over the age of 45 years
Authors: LoGiudice D. C. , Smith K. , Atkinson D. , Dwyer A. , Lautenschlager N. , Almeida O. A. , Flicker L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAims:  To report on the prevalence of falls, urinary incontinence, pain and associated factors in remote living Indigenous Australians over the age of 45 years.Methods:  A cross‐sectional, semi‐purposeful sample of 363 indigenous men and women aged over 45 years living in six remote communities and one town in Kimberley, Australia. Participants were assessed for self‐ or informant‐reported rates of falls, urinary incontinence and pain.Results:  The prevalence of self‐ or informant‐reported falls was 31% (95% CI 25.3, 36.7), pain 55% (95% CI 47.4, 62.6) and urinary incontinence 9% (95% CI 5.9, 12.1%). Associations with falls after adjustment for age, sex and education included alcohol use (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4, 4.2), stroke (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1, 5.0), epilepsy (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1, 11.6), head injury (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3, 3.3) and poor hearing (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.4, 4.1); for urinary incontinence epilepsy (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.7, 21.2) and stroke (OR 16.7, 95% CI 6.0, 46.3); and for pain, poor hearing (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0, 3.3) and female sex (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2, 2.7).Conclusions:  Falls, urinary incontinence and pain are common and reported for the first time in older indigenous people living in remote regions. The presence of these syndromes in ages over 45 may be due to accumulation of health insults during the life course.
Abundance and distribution of major groups of diazotrophic cyanobacteria and their potential contribution to N2 fixation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Goebel Nicole L. , Turk Kendra A. , Achilles Katherine M. , Paerl Ryan , Hewson Ian , Morrison Amanda E. , Montoya Joseph P. , Edwards Christopher A. , Zehr Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe abundances of six N2‐fixing cyanobacterial phylotypes were profiled at 22 stations across the tropical Atlantic Ocean during June 2006, and used to model the contribution of the diazotrophs to N2 fixation. Diazotroph abundances were measured by targeting the nifH gene of Trichodesmium, unicellular groups A, B, C (UCYN‐A, UCYN‐B and UCYN‐C), and diatom‐cyanobiont symbioses Hemiaulus–Richelia, Rhizosolenia–Richelia and Chaetoceros–Calothrix. West to east gradients in temperature, salinity and nutrients [NO3‐ + NO2‐, PO43−, Si(OH)4] showed the influence of the Amazon River plume and its effect on the distributions of the diazotrophs. Trichodesmium accounted for more than 93% of all nifH genes detected, dominated the warmer waters of the western Atlantic, and was the only diazotroph detected at the equatorial upwelling station. UCYN‐A was the next most abundant (> 5% of all nifH genes) and dominated the cooler waters of the eastern Atlantic near the Cape Verde Islands. UCYN‐C was found at a single depth (200 m) of high salinity and low temperature and nutrients, whereas UCYN‐B cells were widespread but in very low abundance (6.1 × 101 ±  4.6 × 102 gene copies l−1). The diatom‐cyanobionts were observed primarily in the western Atlantic within or near the high Si(OH)4 input of the Amazon River plume. Overall, highest diazotroph abundances were observed at the surface and declined with depth, except for some subsurface peaks in Trichodesmium, UCYN‐B and UCYN‐A. Modelled contributions of Trichodesmium, UCYN‐B and UCYN‐A to total N2 fixation suggested that Trichodesmium had the largest input, except for the potential of UCYN‐A at the Cape Verde Islands.
Subsidiary Integration as Identity Construction and Institution Building: A Political Sensemaking Approach
Authors: Clark Ed , Geppert Mike 
Published: July 2010

abstractThis paper develops a political sensemaking approach to the post‐acquisition integration process, which directs attention to how powerful social actors construct the relationship between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their multiple local contexts. This political, processual, and actor‐centred perspective explores subsidiary integration as identity construction and institution building. The different characteristics that local and head office managers attribute to the subsidiary establish diverse interests in and political stances towards it and, through actions to resolve these differences, senior decision makers shape the subsidiary's strategic and structural location in the MNE. We illustrate this argumentation with reference to post‐socialist acquisitions by Western multinationals, whose contrasting institutional and management experiences put the problem of multiple contexts and subsidiary integration into sharp relief. This approach complements mainstream international business research by attending directly to the neglected processual nature of subsidiary integration and examining different socio‐political dynamics resulting from sensemaking and sensegiving interactions between key actors in the MNE.
Obligating, Pressuring, and Supporting Dimensions of the Environment and the Non‐Market Advantages of Developing‐Country Multinational Companies
Authors: Cuervo‐Cazurra Alvaro , Genc Mehmet Erdem 
Published: July 2010

abstractWe analyse the non‐market advantages of developing‐country multinational companies (DMNCs) over advanced‐economy multinational companies (AMNCs) when both compete in the same host country. Non‐market advantages are advantages based on resources developed by the firm to operate in a country's environment. Building on the resource‐based theory and the concept of distance, we classify dimensions of a country's environment into three types (obligating, pressuring, and supporting) and argue that each type has a different impact on the advantages of DMNCs over AMNCs. First, obligating dimensions are those dimensions in which countries are not more or less developed than others; they are merely different, obligating a firm to develop particular non‐market resources to operate there. In such cases, the advantage of DMNCs over AMNCs cannot be differentiated. Instead, MNCs from more distant home countries have a disadvantage compared to MNCs from less distant countries. This is the traditional conceptualization of distance in the literature. Second, pressuring dimensions are those dimensions in which countries are more or less demanding in pressuring the firm to continuously upgrade its non‐market resources. For these dimensions, DMNCs face a disadvantage against AMNCs, because the latter have more sophisticated non‐market resources than the former. Third, supporting dimensions are those in which countries are more or less developed in their provision of external non‐market resources that support the firm's operations. In this case, DMNCs tend to enjoy an advantage over AMNCs, because the former are better at dealing with a lack of supporting resources than the latter. These last two types of dimensions challenge the commonly held ideas that distance is always directionless and always results in a disadvantage.
The Use of Polymers to make Wool Unshrinkable
Authors: BARR T. , CAPP C. W. , SPEAKMAN J. B. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe main peptide chains of wool fibres carry a large number of side‐chains, many of which are capable of reaction with isocyanates. As soon as it was discovered that wool fabrics may be made unshrinkable by cross‐linking reactions, therefore, attention was turned to the diisocyanates as possible cross‐linking agents. In non‐swelling solvents, such as white spirit, only a negligible degree of cross‐linking was obtained with m‐phenylene diisocyanate at 95°c; in swelling solvents, such as cresol, the cross‐linking effect was greater, but insufficient to prevent degradation of the fibres. When, however, fabric treated with diisocyanate in either solvent was milled in soap solution, its shrinkage was less than that of untreated fabric. The effect was found to be due to masking of the surface scale structure of the fibres by a deposit of polymer, which was formed through the conversion of part of the diisocyanate into diamine by reaction with the adsorbed water of the wool, followed by copolymerisation of the diisocyanate and diamine. The best results are obtained when fabric is immersed in a pH 8 buffer solution, centrifuged, and then treated for 6 hr. at 70°c. with 20% by weight of m‐phenylene diisocyanate dissolved in white spirit, using a liquor‐wool ratio of 40: 1. Hexamethylene diisocyanate is less effective, 80% by weight being needed to give the same degree of unshrinkability as 20% of m‐phenylene diisocyanate.The preceding method of making wool unshrinkable suffers from two defects: the time of treatment is unduly long and a large part of the diisocyanate remains in solution. When, for example, 20% of m‐phenylene diisocyanate is used, the gain in weight of the fabric is only 7‐5%. Attention was therefore turned to the possibility of making wool unshrinkable by alternate treatments with diisocyanate and diamine. A high degree of unshrinkability was imparted to flannel by successive 5‐min. treatments at 25°c. with 1% solutions of m‐phenylene diisocyanate and hexamethylene diamine in white spirit–two treatments with each reagent–the gain in weight of the fabric being about 14%. Better results were obtained by applying 8% by weight of diisocyanate and diamine to flannel from solution in benzene, and then baking the fabric for 1 hr. at 100°c. By this means a satisfactory, high degree of unshrinkability was obtained in far less time than when wetted‐out fabric at pH 8 is heated with a solution of m‐phenylene diisocyanate in white spirit at 70°c, although the amount of polymer required is roughly double what is needed under the latter conditions.
The Cellulose‐Dyestuff Complex
Authors: PRESTON J. M. , TSIEN P. C. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryFibre anisotropy and the resultant dichroism of dyed fibres are shown to affect the relation between dye concentration and the intensities of reflection of polarised and unpolarised light. Fibre shape and structure are also shown to influence the reflection of light from dyed fibres.