bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus net absorption in dairy cows subjected to abomasal infusion of inorganic phosphorus – a pilot study
Authors: Mogodiniyai Kasmaei K. , Holtenius K. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIn this pilot study, the effects of phosphorus (P) supply on inorganic phosphorus (Pi) net absorption in dairy cows were investigated. Three non‐lactating, non‐pregnant, rumen‐fistulated Swedish Red breed dairy cows were studied in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Monosodium dihydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate (NaH2PO4*2H2O) was continuously infused into the abomasum for 4 days. The solutions provided 0, 14.4 or 28.8 g Pi/day. Rumen fluid volume and outflow rate were estimated at day four of each experimental period using cobalt‐lithium EDTA as an external marker. Acid insoluble ash in feeds and faecal samples was used to quantify P faecal excretion. Concentrations of Pi in collected samples of rumen fluid, blood, faeces and urine were determined. Pi flow into the small intestine increased (p < 0.05) with Pi infusion. Pi net absorption tended to increase (p = 0.08) but proportion of absorbed Pi tended to decrease (p = 0.08). Urinary Pi excretion was negligible and did not affect P homoeostasis (p = 0.50). There was no change in plasma Pi concentration (p = 0.45) in response to Pi infusion. The increase in total faecal P excretion (p < 0.05) with increasing level of infused Pi was solely because of increased soluble faecal Pi (p < 0.05). It is suggested that at P overfeeding, intestinal Pi net absorption is saturable in dairy cows.
Interaction among planting dates, transgenic maize, seed treatment, corn rootworm damage and grain yield
Authors: Obopile M. , Hammond R. B. , Thomison P. R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA study was conducted from 2006 to 2008 at South Charleston and Wooster, Ohio, USA, to evaluate the potential use of planting dates in combination withBacillus thuringiensistransgenic maize and insecticidal seed treatments to manage the root feeding of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera,Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Three planting dates (early, middle and late), targeting late April/early, mid‐May and early June, respectively, were used. We planted six hybrid treatments consisting of two seed‐treated hybrids with seed treatment, two transgenic hybrids and two untreated hybrids, each set represented by one short and one full season maturity hybrid. When root injury was high, significant lodging and stunted growth were observed on untreated maize and declined when planting was delayed. Root injury by rootworm larval feeding was significantly reduced by later planting maize, that is, early June. The use of transgenic maize and seed treatment also significantly reduced root injury by rootworm larvae. The influence of planting date on grain yield was inconsistent from year to year. Grain yields from short season hybrids were comparable to full season hybrids especially on later plantings. These results showed that the use of a seed treatment and transgenic maize might be beneficial only when rootworm population is high and planting is early.
The evaluation of the clinical effect of topical St Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) in plaque type psoriasis vulgaris: A pilot study
Authors: Najafizadeh Parvaneh , Hashemian Farshad , Mansouri Parvin , Farshi Susan , Surmaghi Mohammadhossein Salehi , Chalangari Reza 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this case series, ten patients with plaque‐type psoriasis were treated with Hypericum perforatum ointment. The hypericum ointment was applied to one side of each patient's body and the vehicle to the opposite side twice daily for 4 weeks in a single blinded manner. Modified psoriasis area severity index (PASI) scores were significantly lowered where the formulated ointment had been applied. In determining PASI scores, three factors, erythema, scaling and thickness, were evaluated; all were significantly lower where the formulated ointment had been applied (P = 0.01, P = 0.004, P = 0.04). Hypericum perforatum ointment applied twice daily may be effective in reducing PASI scores in mild plaque‐type psoriasis, however, further larger studies need be conducted to achieve a more conclusive result.
Oophorectomy in children. Who and why: 13‐year experience in a single centre
Authors: Wong Yuen Shan , Tam Yuk Him , Pang Kristine Kit Yi , Mou Jennifer Wai Cheung , Chan Kin Wai , Lee Kim Hung 
Published: March 2012

Aim:  Oophorectomy performed in children is extremely uncommon. We aimed to investigate the disease pattern and the association between the underlying pathology and the clinical presentation among those patients who had their ovaries removed in their childhood.Methods:  A retrospective study was performed on 41 consecutive children who underwent oophorectomy in a tertiary referral centre in the period between June 1995 and May 2008.Results:  The median age was 11 years, ranged from 11 weeks to 15 years at the time of surgery. The primary presentations were acute lower abdominal pain (n= 20), progressive abdominal distension or abdominal mass (n= 13), chronic abdominal pain (n= 3), irregular menses (n= 1), antenatal diagnosis (n= 3) and incidental finding (n= 1). Ultrasound examination was performed in 31 patients and positive findings of ovarian pathology were found in all but one examination. Twenty cases of ovarian torsion were confirmed intra‐operatively. Patients presenting with acute abdominal pain were more likely to have torsion than other presentations (P < 0.01). Non‐neoplastic conditions and ovarian neoplasms were found in 11 and 30 patients, respectively. The most common neoplasm was mature teratoma (52%). Malignant neoplasms included immature teratoma (n= 3), dysgerminoma (n= 1), mixed dysgerminoma + yolk sac tumour (n= 2), yolk sac tumour (n= 2) and juvenile granulose cell tumour (n= 1). Malignant neoplasms were found to have more chronic presentation and less torsion than benign pathologies (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  Although ovarian pathology is uncommon in children, a girl presenting with acute lower abdominal pain or progressive abdominal distension should raise the suspicion and prompt immediate investigation to rule out ovarian torsion or ovarian neoplasms.
Paediatric trainee supervision: Management changes and perceived education value
Authors: van den Boom Mirjam , Pinnock Ralph , Weller Jennifer , Reed Peter , Shulruf Boaz 
Published: March 2012

Aim:  Supervision in postgraduate training is an under‐researched area. We measured the amount, type and effect of supervision on patient care and perceived education value in a general paediatric service.Method:  We designed a structured observation form and questionnaire to document the type, duration and effect of supervision on patient management and perceived education value.Results:  Most supervision occurred without the paediatrician confirming the trainee's findings. Direct observation of the trainee was rare. Management was changed in 30% of patients seen on the inpatient ward round and in 42% of the patients discussed during the chart reviews but not seen by the paediatrician. Management was changed in 48% of the cases when the paediatrician saw the patient with the trainee in outpatients but in only 21% of patients when the patient was but not seen. Changes made to patient management, understanding and perceived education value, differed between inpatient and out patient settings. There was more impact when the paediatrician saw the patient with the trainee in outpatients; while for inpatients, the opposite was true. Trainees rated the value of the supervision more highly than their supervisors did. Trainees’ comments on what they learnt from their supervisor related almost exclusively to clinical knowledge rather than professional behaviours.Conclusions:  We observed little evidence of supervisors directly observing trainees and trainees learning professional behaviours. A review of supervisory practices to promote more effective learning is needed. Communicating to paediatricians the value their trainees place on their input could have a positive effect on their engagement in supervision.
Replication of results of genome‐wide association studies on lung cancer susceptibility loci in a Korean population
Authors: BAE EUN YOUNG , LEE SHIN YUP , KANG BONG KYOON , LEE EUN JIN , CHOI YI YOUNG , KANG HYO‐GYOUNG , CHOI JIN EUN , JEON HYO‐SUNG , LEE WON KEE , KAM SHIN , SHIN KYUNG MIN , JIN GUANG , YOO SEUNG SOO , LEE JAEHEE , CHA SEUNG ICK , KIM CHANG HO , JUNG TAE HOON , PARK JAE YONG 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the three chromosomal regions, 5p15, 6p21 and 15q25, as being associated with lung cancer risk in European populations. This study was performed to confirm these associations in Korean patients with lung cancer.Methods:  The genotypes at rs2736100, rs402710, rs401681 and rs31489 at 5p15, rs9295740 at 6p22, which is in extensive linkage disequilibrium with the 6p21 region, as well as rs2036534 and rs6495309 at 15q25, were determined in 1094 patients with lung cancer and 1100 healthy control subjects, who were frequency matched for age and gender.Results:  The single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at 5p15 (rs2736100, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.67, P = 0.025; rs402710, aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.98, P = 0.025; rs401681, aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69–0.98, P = 0.026) and at 15q25 (rs2036534, aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.93, P = 0.01; rs6495309, aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.65–1.00, P = 0.052) were significantly associated with lung cancer risk. The magnitude of the effect was similar to that reported in previous studies, and the association was in the same direction. The effect of SNP in the 5p15 region on the risk of lung cancer was significant only for adenocarcinoma. The two SNP in the 15q25 region were significantly associated with lung cancer risk in ever‐smokers and in patients with squamous‐cell carcinoma. However, there was no association between the SNP at 6p22 and lung cancer risk.Conclusions:  The association between SNP in the 5p15 and 15q25 regions and the risk of lung cancer was confirmed in a Korean population.
Effect of an integrated care programme on re‐hospitalization of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: MOULLEC GRÉGORY , LAVOIE KIM L. , RABHI KHALIL , JULIEN MARCEL , FAVREAU (c) HÉLÈNE , LABRECQUE MANON 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Hospital admissions due to exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a major impact on disease progression and costs. We hypothesized that a 1‐year integrated care (IC) programme comprising two components (patient‐centred education + case management) would be effective in preventing COPD‐related hospitalizations.Methods:  This was a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Data were retrieved both from an administrative database in the province of Quebec (Canada), and from the medical records at two hospitals in Montreal. One hundred and eighty‐nine COPD patients were randomly selected from registers at these centres, from 2004 to 2006. Patients in the intervention group underwent a programme comprising two components: patient ‐centred education—involving three group sessions of self‐management education that included one motivational interview and instruction in the use of a written action plan; and case management—involving scheduled follow‐up visits with access to a call centre. The intervention group was compared with a group receiving usual care (UC). The main outcome was COPD‐related re‐hospitalizations, with length of hospital stay and emergency department (ED) visits being secondary outcomes.Results:  Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates showed that there was a lower probability of re‐hospitalization over the follow‐up year in the IC group compared with the UC group (odds ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.23–0.85). Subgroup analyses revealed that the IC programme prevented more COPD‐related hospitalizations in women compared with men. There were no significant between‐group differences in length of hospital stay or number of ED visits.Conclusions:  An IC programme combining self‐management education and case‐management can decrease rates of COPD‐related hospitalizations, particularly among women.
Management trends, angioembolization performance and multiorgan injury indicators of renal trauma from Japanese administrative claims database
Authors: Sugihara Toru , Yasunaga Hideo , Horiguchi Hiromasa , Nishimatsu Hiroaki , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Enomoto Yutaka , Kume Haruki , Ohe Kazuhiko , Matsuda Shinya , Homma Yukio 
Published: March 2012

Objectives:  To show the characteristics and therapeutic trends of renal trauma in Japan using a nationwide database.Methods:  All renal trauma cases from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database during 6 months of each year from 2006 to 2008 were included in the analysis. The following variables were considered: demographics, ambulance use, comorbid trauma, interventions, mechanism of injury and the Abbreviated Injury Scale. Patients were divided into two groups by trauma range: limited to rib, abdomen and pelvis (group A) or more extended (including supradiaphragmatic regions or lower extremities; group B). Rib fracture impact was assessed as a predictor of comorbid organ trauma. The incidences of angioembolization failure and nephrectomy were also evaluated.Results:  A total of 1505 renal trauma cases (1014 and 491 in groups A and B, respectively) were identified. Comorbid trauma in the liver, spleen and lumbar/pelvic fractures were 7.4%, 5.6% and 5.1% in group A and 24.0%, 11.2% and 17.5% in group B, respectively. The rates of angioembolization (and its failure proportion), nephrectomy, transfusion and mortality were 7.9% (12.5%), 3.3%, 15.6% and 1.1% in group A, and 17.1% (11.9%), 2.6%, 28.3% and 8.1% in group B, respectively. Risks of coincident traumas in the liver, spleen and pelvic fracture were 2.23, 2.35 and 2.72 times higher if a rib fracture was observed. The incidences of renal trauma and nephrectomy (per 100 000 person‐years) were estimated as 2.06 and 0.063, respectively.Conclusions:  Angioembolization failure is not rare, and nephrectomy is an important last resort. Patients with comorbid rib fracture should be explored for coincident traumas.
Damping of intraocular pressure fluctuations
Authors: Cringle Stephen J , Yu Dao‐Yi 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  There is increasing evidence that relatively rapid spikes in intraocular pressure may contribute to axonal damage in glaucoma. The present study seeks to quantify the ability of a compressible damping element (a simple air bubble) to reduce intraocular pressure fluctuations induced by a known change in intraocular fluid volume.Methods:  A mathematical model describing the damping of intraocular pressure increases for a given infusion volume was developed and compared with experimental data obtained from isolated pig eyes. A damping element (100 µL to 2 mL of air) was added to the system, and the effect on the induced intraocular pressure change for a given infusion volume was assessed.Results:  The introduction of the damping element reduced the intraocular pressure change in a volume‐dependent manner consistent with the mathematical modelling. The maximum bubble size tested (2 mL) dampened the intraocular pressure change by an average of 63.5 ± 8.7% at a baseline pressure close to 20 mmHg. Close agreement was seen between the mathematical model and the experimental data.Conclusion:  Mathematical modelling and experiments in isolated pig eyes demonstrated that the addition of a damping element in the form of a compressible air bubble is capable of significantly reducing induced intraocular pressure spikes.
Determination of coefficients of crack tip asymptotic fields by an element‐free Galerkin scaled boundary method
Authors: HE Y. Q. , YANG H. T. , DEEKS A. J. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThis study applies a new scaled boundary element‐free Galerkin (EFG) method to determine the coefficients of the Williams’ series expansion for the elastic crack tip asymptotic stress field. Scaled boundary methods can calculate the coefficients of Williams’ series without any special crack tip treatment. Unlike the conventional scaled boundary finite element method, in this paper an EFG approach is used in the circumferential direction of the scaled boundary model. The EFG method offers high accuracy, rapid convergence and smooth stress solutions without post‐processing, and no mesh generation is required. The proposed method is verified through numerical examples comparing the new approach with analytical, reference and conventional scaled boundary FEM solutions, and results are obtained which indicate that the new approach converges even more rapidly than the conventional scaled boundary finite element method.
Subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores the efferent cortical drive to muscle in parallel to functional motor improvement
Authors: Weiss Daniel , Breit Sorin , Hoppe Julia , Hauser Ann‐Kathrin , Freudenstein Dirk , Krüger Rejko , Sauseng Paul , Govindan Rathinaswamy B. , Gerloff Christian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPathological synchronization in large‐scale motor networks constitutes a pathophysiological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Corticomuscular synchronization in PD is pronounced in lower frequency bands (< 10 Hz), whereas efficient cortical motor integration in healthy persons is driven in the beta frequency range. Electroencephalogram and electromyogram recordings at rest and during an isometric precision grip task were performed in four perioperative sessions in 10 patients with PD undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep‐brain stimulation: (i) 1 day before (D0); (ii) 1 day after (D1); (iii) 8 days after implantation of macroelectrodes with stimulation off (D8StimOff); and (iv) on (D8StimOn). Analyses of coherence and phase delays were performed in order to challenge the effects of microlesion and stimulation on corticomuscular coherence (CMC). Additionally, local field potentials recorded from the subthalamic nucleus on D1 allowed comprehensive mapping of motor‐related synchronization in subthalamocortical and cerebromuscular networks. Motor performance improved at D8StimOn compared with D0 and D8StimOff paralleled by a reduction of muscular activity and CMC in the theta band (3.9–7.8 Hz) and by an increase of CMC in the low‐beta band (13.7–19.5 Hz). Efferent motor cortical drives to muscle presented mainly below 10 Hz on D8StimOff that were suppressed on D8StimOn and occurred on higher frequencies from 13 to 45 Hz. On D1, coherence of the high‐beta band (20.5–30.2 Hz) increased during movement compared with rest in subthalamomuscular and corticomuscular projections, whereas it was attenuated in subcorticocortical projections. The present findings lend further support to the concept of pathological network synchronization in PD that is beneficially modulated by stimulation.
Variable host phenology does not pose a barrier to invasive weevils in a northern hardwood forest
Authors: Coyle David R. , Mattson William J. , Jordan Michelle S. , Raffa Kenneth F. 
Published: March 2012

A suite of invasive weevils has established in hardwood forests of the North American Great Lakes Region. We quantified patterns of host availability and the capacity of adults to succeed in a system with high host variability both within and between seasons in Michigan, U.S.A.
We quantified phenological development of foliage on three host species [sugar maple, Acer saccharum Marshall; ironwood, Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch; and raspberry, Rubus spp.]. We estimated adult abundance using emergence traps and sweep net sampling over 3 years, and compared field host associations with laboratory choice assays.
Host plant phenology varied among species, between years, and in their interactions. The four most common weevils, Phyllobius oblongus (L.), Polydrusus sericeus (Schaller), Barypeithes pellucidus (Boheman) and Sciaphilus asperatus (Bonsdorff), emerged in early to mid‐June, in approximately that order. After emergence, each species showed evidence of host preference based on their abundances on foliage. Overall, P. oblongus and B. pellucidus were most prevalent on sugar maple, P. sericeus was most prevalent on ironwood, and S. asperatus was relatively evenly distributed. Laboratory choice tests with P. oblongus and P. sericeus confirmed these preferences.
These four invasive species comprised over 99% of all 12 845 weevils obtained, suggesting displacement of native species. The optimal sampling methods varied among weevil species.
These invasive weevils contend with the highly variable conditions of their environment, and also potential phenological asynchrony, via relatively late emergence, even at the cost of lower host quality. Annual variation is greater for numbers of adults than larvae, suggesting that mortality of late instars or pupae is particularly important.
Educational preparation for maternal, child and family health nurses in Australia
Authors: Kruske S. , Grant J. 
Published: March 2012

KRUSKE S. & GRANT J. (2012) Educational preparation for maternal, child and family health nurses in Australia. International Nursing Review59, 200–207Aim:  The study aims to map and critique the current postgraduate educational nursing programmes offered to nurses and midwives in maternal, child and family health in Australia.Background:  Nursing specialties that focus on the early years of child health and development are based on international recognition of the developmental needs of the growing infant and of the social, health and economic consequences of failing to support families to raise their children in optimal environments. Little is known whether the educational programmes that prepare maternal, child and family health nurses (MCFHNs) for practice in Australia have kept up with new knowledge and understanding of the early years of life.Methods:  A survey of all maternal, child and family health education programmes offered in Australia was undertaken.Findings:  Marked variations in course titles, length, content, clinical exposure and award exist across the 12 institutions offering such programmes in Australia. Many institutions provide inadequate preparation in some of the core skills required of the workforce.Conclusion:  The establishment of minimum standards for the education of MCFHNs across Australia is required. This study also highlights the need for further research around the scope of practice of MCFHNs, and the role of midwives who are not nurses, in this specialty area.