bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated syndrome detection in a set of clinical facial photographs
Authors: Boehringer Stefan , Guenther Manuel , Sinigerova Stella , Wurtz Rolf P. , Horsthemke Bernhard , Wieczorek Dagmar 
Published: August 2011

AbstractComputer systems play an important role in clinical genetics and are a routine part of finding clinical diagnoses but make it difficult to fully exploit information derived from facial appearance. So far, automated syndrome diagnosis based on digital, facial photographs has been demonstrated under study conditions but has not been applied in clinical practice. We have therefore investigated how well statistical classifiers trained on study data comprising 202 individuals affected by one of 14 syndromes could classify a set of 91 patients for whom pictures were taken under regular, less controlled conditions in clinical practice. We found a classification accuracy of 21% percent in the clinical sample representing a ratio of 3.0 over a random choice. This contrasts with a 60% accuracy or 8.5 ratio in the training data. Producing average images in both groups from sets of pictures for each syndrome demonstrates that the groups exhibit large phenotypic differences explaining discrepancies in accuracy. A broadening of the data set is suggested in order to improve accuracy in clinical practice. In order to further this goal, a software package is made available that allows application of the procedures and contributions toward an improved data set. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mosaic partial trisomy 19p12‐q13.11 due to a small supernumerary marker chromosome: A locus associated with Asperger syndrome?
Authors: Faucz Fabio Rueda , Souza Josiane , Filho Aguinaldo Bonalumi , Sotomaior Vanessa Santos , Frantz Egon , Antoniuk Sergio , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Raskin Salmo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn the neurodevelopmentally impaired population the frequency of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) is about 0.3%. To find the origin of a sSMC in a 4‐year‐old boy with Asperger syndrome (AS) a microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), using a 135K‐feature whole‐genome microarray, and Metaphase FISH analysis, was performed. The sSMC was characterized as being composed of 18.4 Mb from 19p12q13.11. Based on the size and genic content, it is expected that the partial trisomy detected is responsible for the characteristics observed in the patient. In that case it could be an indication of a novel locus associated with AS. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and Acid‐Responsive Photophysical Properties of T‐Shaped π‐Conjugated Molecules Containing a Benzimidazole Junction
Authors: Inouchi Toshifumi , Nakashima Takuya , Toba Masaya , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2011

AbstractT‐shaped π‐conjugated molecules with an N‐methyl‐benzimidazole junction have been synthesized and their acid‐responsive photophysical properties owing to the change in the π‐conjugation system are discussed. T‐shaped π‐conjugated molecules consist of two orthogonal π‐conjugated systems including a phenyl thiophene extended from the 2‐position and alkyl phenylenes connected through various π‐spacers from the 4,7‐positions of the N‐methyl‐benzimidazole junction. The π‐spacers, such as thiophene, ethyne, and ethane, have an effect on the acid response of photophysical properties in terms of changes in conformation, excited‐state energy and charge‐transfer (CT) characteristics. In particular, the π‐conjugated molecule with ethynyl spacers exhibited a marked redshift in the fluorescence spectrum with a large Stokes shift upon the addition of acid, whereas the other molecules showed substantial quenching. The redshift in emission was studied in detail by temperature‐dependent fluorescence measurements, which indicated the transition to a CT state over the finite activation energy at the excited state. The change in the frontier molecular orbitals upon acid addition was further discussed by means of DFT calculations.
A framework for globally optimal state estimation for systems with unknown inputs (I): transformation approach
Authors: Hsieh Chien‐Shu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a globally optimal state estimation is addressed in light of the conventional Luenberger observer‐type filter. This paper is the first part of a comprehensive extension of an original work by Hsieh, with the main aim being to develop a transformation‐based filtering framework for global unbiased minimum‐variance state estimation (GUMVSE) for systems with unknown inputs that affect both the system and the output. The main contributions of this paper are (i) a complete optimal solution for the GUMVSE is addressed, where both the globally optimal state filter and predictor are presented, and (ii) additional insights for implementing the globally optimal state filter are highlighted via the proposed decorrelation constraint. Compared with existing results, the proposed globally optimal filter has the most general filter form among all transformation‐based globally optimal filters in the sense that it does not use any specific unknown input transformation matrix in the derivation. A simulation example is given to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed results.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
A critical review of the most popular types of neuro control
Authors: Mohammadzaheri Morteza , Chen Lei , Grainger Steven 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this review article, the most popular types of neural network control systems are briefly introduced and their main features are reviewed. Neuro control systems are defined as control systems in which at least one artificial neural network (ANN) is directly involved in generating the control command. Initially, neural networks were mostly used to model system dynamics inversely to produce a control command which pushes the system towards a desired or reference value of the output (1989). At the next stage, neural networks were trained to track a reference model, and ANN model reference control appeared (1990). In that method, ANNs were used to extend the application of adaptive reference model control, which was a well‐known control technique. This attitude towards the extension of the application of well‐known control methods using ANNs was followed by the development of ANN model‐predictive (1991), ANN sliding mode (1994) and ANN feedback linearization (1995) techniques. As the first category of neuro controllers, inverse dynamics ANN controllers were frequently used to form a control system together with other controllers, but this attitude faded as other types of ANN control systems were developed. However, recently, this approach has been revived. In the last decade, control system designers started to use ANNs to compensate/cancel undesired or uncertain parts of systems' dynamics to facilitate the use of well‐known conventional control systems. The resultant control system usually includes two or three controllers. In this paper, applications of different ANN control systems are also addressed.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Whole‐genome expression analysis in primary human keratinocyte cell cultures exposed to 60 GHz radiation
Authors: Le Quément Catherine , Nicolas Nicolaz Christophe , Zhadobov Maxim , Desmots Fabienne , Sauleau Ronan , Aubry Marc , Michel Denis , Le Dréan Yves 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to investigate potential responses of skin cells to millimeter wave (MMW) radiation increasingly used in the wireless technologies. Primary human skin cells were exposed for 1, 6, or 24 h to 60.4 GHz with an average incident power density of 1.8 mW/cm2 and an average specific absorption rate of 42.4 W/kg. A large‐scale analysis was performed to determine whether these exposures could affect the gene expression. Gene expression microarrays containing over 41,000 unique human transcript probe sets were used, and data obtained for sham and exposed cells were compared. No significant difference in gene expression was observed when gene expression values were subjected to a stringent statistical analysis such as the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure. However, when a t‐test was employed to analyze microarray data, 130 transcripts were found to be potentially modulated after exposure. To further quantitatively analyze these preselected transcripts, real‐time PCR was performed on 24 genes with the best combination of high fold change and low P‐value. Five of them, namely CRIP2, PLXND1, PTX3, SERPINF1, and TRPV2, were confirmed as differentially expressed after 6 h of exposure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first large‐scale study reporting on potential gene expression modification associated with MMW radiation used in wireless communication applications. Bioelectromagnetics 33:147–158, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of type of alcoholic beverage in causing acute pancreatitis
Authors: Sadr Azodi O , Orsini N , Andrén-Sandberg Å , Wolk A 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of different alcoholic beverages and drinking behaviour on the risk of acute pancreatitis has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of alcoholic beverage in causing acute pancreatitis.MethodsA follow-up study was conducted, using the Swedish Mammography Cohort and Cohort of Swedish Men, to study the association between consumption of spirits, wine and beer and the risk of acute pancreatitis. No patient with a history of chronic pancreatitis was included and those who developed pancreatic cancer during follow-up were excluded. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate rate ratios.ResultsIn total, 84 601 individuals, aged 46-84 years, were followed for a median of 10 years, of whom 513 developed acute pancreatitis. There was a dose–response association between the amount of spirits consumed on a single occasion and the risk of acute pancreatitis. After multivariable adjustments, there was a 52 per cent (risk ratio 1·52, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·12 to 2·06) increased risk of acute pancreatitis for every increment of five standard drinks of spirits consumed on a single occasion. The association weakened slightly when those with gallstone-related pancreatitis were excluded. There was no association between consumption of wine or beer, frequency of alcoholic beverage consumption including spirits, or average total monthly consumption of alcohol (ethanol) and the risk of acute pancreatitis.ConclusionThe risk of acute pancreatitis was associated with the amount of spirits consumed on a single occasion but not with wine or beer consumption.
Deprotonative Metalation of Aromatic Compounds by Using an Amino‐Based Lithium Cuprate
Authors: Nguyen Tan Tai , Marquise Nada , Chevallier Floris , Mongin Florence 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDeprotonative cupration of aromatic compounds by using amino‐based lithium cuprates was optimized with 2,4‐dimethoxypyrimidine and 2‐methoxypyridine as the substrates and benzoyl chloride as the electrophile. [(tmp)2CuLi] (+2 LiCl) (tmp=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino) was identified as the best reagent and its use was extended to anisole, 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene, other substituted pyridines, furan, thiophene and derivatives, and N‐Boc‐indole (Boc=tert‐butyloxycarbonyl). Of the electrophiles employed to attempt the interception of the generated aryl cuprates, aroyl chlorides, iodomethane, and diphenyl disulfide efficiently reacted. In addition, different oxidative agents were identified to afford symmetrical biaryls. Finally, palladium‐catalyzed coupling with aryl halides was optimized and allowed the synthesis of different aryl derivatives in medium to good yields.
Hydrothermal Carbonization: 1. Influence of Lignin in Lignocelluloses
Authors: Dinjus Eckhard , Kruse Andrea , Tröger Nicole 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDie hydrothermale Karbonisierung ist ein attraktives Verfahren zur Umwandlung von Biomasse mit hohem Wassergehalt in unterschiedlichste Produkte. Den speziellen Anforderungen an die Produkte, sei es Bodenverbesserer, Braunkohle‐Ersatz oder gar Ersatz für Industrieruß, steht Biomasse als Ausgangsmaterial gegenüber, dessen komplexe Zusammensetzung hochgradig variiert. Ziel der Arbeiten war, den Einfluss von Inhaltsstoffen, hier Lignin, auf die Karbonisierung näher zu untersuchen. Hierbei wird nicht nur die Zusammensetzung sondern auch die Struktur betrachtet.
Current challenges in the design and control of multiscale systems
Authors: Ricardez‐Sandoval Luis A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMultiscale modelling is a new emerging field in process systems engineering. Although the idea of linking events occurring across time and length scales is not new, the numerical solution of these models is challenging because of computational limitations and the difficulty in coupling modelling methods with different characteristics. Although an extensive set of tools are currently available to improve the performance of processes described using continuum models, most of these tools are not suitable to design and control a multiscale process. This work presents the approaches that are currently available to perform multiscale modelling and identifies the key challenges that need to be addressed to improve the performance of macroscopic processes by controlling events occurring at the atomistic, molecular and nanoscopic levels.
Influence of reaction conditions and red brick on fast pyrolysis of rice residue (husk and straw) in a spout‐fluid bed
Authors: Li Rui , Zhong Zhao‐Ping , Jin Bao‐Sheng , Jiang Xiao‐Xiang , Wang Chun‐Hua , Zheng Ai‐Jun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFast pyrolysis of rice residue (husk and straw) was carried out in a spout‐fluid bed. In this study, the effects of reaction conditions (pyrolysis temperature, flow state, feed rate and feed size) and red brick (RB) using as bed material on the pyrolysis product distribution and bio‐oil qualities were investigated. Two phases composed the bio‐oil obtained from fast pyrolysis of rice residue. The results showed that at around 460°C the bio‐oil yields could reach the maxima, which were 48.2% and 53.1% for rice husk and straw respectively. Due to the heat and mass transfer motion, higher yields of bio‐oil and organics in upper phase could be obtained in spout‐fluid state compared with fluid state, which indicated that the spout‐fluid state might be more beneficial for fast pyrolysis. In additional, lower feed rates and larger particle sizes were found unfavourable for the bio‐oil production. The application of RB as bed material instead of quartz sand (QS) resulted in less bio‐oil and char, but more organics in upper phase. Furthermore, the quality of the upper phases was improved by RB, with the characteristics of high heating value and lower water and oxygen contents than QS. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Seismic collapse capacity of basic inelastic structures vulnerable to the P‐delta effect
Authors: Adam Christoph , Jäger Clemens 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe collapse capacity of earthquake‐excited inelastic nondeteriorating SDOF systems, which are vulnerable to the destabilizing effect of gravity loads (P‐delta effect), is evaluated. In this paper, the collapse capacity of the system subjected to a ground motion is defined as spectral acceleration at its initial structural period, at which the structure becomes unstable. Characteristic structural parameters, which affect the collapse capacity, are identified. Ground motion records of the ATC 63 far‐field set characterize severe earthquake excitation. In extensive incremental dynamic analyses studies, the impact of these parameters and of aleatory uncertainties on the collapse capacity is assessed and quantified. Median and percentile collapse capacities are plotted against the initial structural period leading to collapse capacity spectra. Nonlinear regression analyses are applied to derive analytical expressions of the design collapse capacity spectra and collapse fragility curves. The ultimate objective is to provide collapse capacity spectra for easy application and yet sufficient accurate assessment of the dynamic stability of flexible multistory buildings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overexpression of apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein in P388D1 murine lymphoma cells affects metastatic properties
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Jian , Lin Changwei , Wei Wei , Ren Shuangyi , Zuo Yunfei 
Published: August 2011

AbstractApoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein (ASC) is a bipartite adaptor molecule that participates in inflammation and apoptosis. ASC silencing has been observed in a significant proportion of human cancers. Here, we examined the role of ASC overexpression in the metastasis of the P388D1 murine lymphoma cell line to the liver, lung, spleen and kidney. First, we determined that the P388D1 cells express ASC. Then, ASC overexpression in P388D1 was achieved by transfecting pEGFP‐ASC‐C2 into the P388D1 cells. Furthermore, after the ASC‐overexpressing P388D1 cells were injected into DBA/2 mice through the vena caudalis, their metastasis to the lung and the liver was significantly reduced in the pEGFP‐ASC‐C2‐transfected group. These data indicate that ASC overexpression affects the in vivo metastatic properties of P388D1 cells. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum endostatin levels correlate with enhanced extracellular matrix degradation and poor patients' prognosis in bladder cancer
Authors: Szarvas Tibor , László Viktória , vom Dorp Frank , Reis Henning , Szendröi Attila , Romics Imre , Tilki Derya , Rübben Herbert , Ergün Süleyman 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEndostatin, the proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII, is an inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Interestingly, elevated circulating endostatin levels have been found to correlate with poor patients' prognosis in several cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of endostatin in bladder cancer (BC) and to gain insight into the mechanisms involved in its production. This retrospective study included a total of 337 patients with BC and 103 controls. Collagen XVIII gene expression was analyzed using real‐time PCR (n = 82). Endostatin tissue localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry (n = 27). Endostatin serum (n = 87) and urine (n = 153) levels were determined by ELISA. In 12 cases, both serum and paraffinized tissue samples from the same patients were available. We found decreased collagen XVIII tissue expression and increased endostatin urine and serum concentration in samples of patients with BC compared to controls. High serum endostatin levels correlated with the presence of lymph node metastases and MMP‐7 concentrations and were independently associated with poor metastasis‐free and disease‐specific survival. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a strong endostatin staining in the wall of tumor associated blood vessels in superficial but not in muscle‐invasive BCs. Based on these, we concluded that elevated endostatin levels in patients with BC are the consequence of enhanced extracellular matrix degradation and are independent from collagen XVIII expression. Furthermore, serum endostatin levels may provide prognostic information independent from histopathological parameters and may therefore help to optimize therapy decisions. Loss of endostatin expression in tumor associated blood vessels might represent an important step supporting tumor‐induced angiogenesis.
Elucidation of the methyl transfer mechanism catalyzed by chalcone O‐methyltransferase: A density functional study
Authors: Cui Feng‐Chao , Pan Xiao‐Liang , Liu Wei , Liu Jing‐Yao 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe mechanism of the methyl transfer catalyzed by chalcone O‐methyltransferase has been computationally investigated by employing the hybrid functional B3LYP. Two models are constructed based on the two conformations of the substrate isoliquiritigenin in the X‐ray structure. Our calculations show that the overall reaction is divided into two elementary steps: the water‐assisted deprotonation of the substrate by His278 as a catalytic base, followed by the methyl transfer from S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) to the substrate. The calculated rate‐limiting barriers for the methyl‐transfer step indicate that the catalytic reactions are energetically feasible for both conformations adopted by the substrate. Copyright for JCC Journal: © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
IMPACT OF FARMER FIELD SCHOOLS ON AGRICULTURAL INCOME AND SKILLS: EVIDENCE FROM AN AID‐FUNDED PROJECT IN RURAL ETHIOPIA
Authors: Todo Yasuyuki , Takahashi Ryo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study estimates the effect of farmer field schools in rural Ethiopia on income from agriculture. The farmer field schools were established in association with participatory forest management associations for forest protection funded by Japanese aid. We employ a difference‐in‐differences propensity score matching approach to correct for possible biases due to selection of participants. We find that by participating in the farmer field schools, agricultural households increased their real income per worker by about 60‐160 US dollars in two years on average, which is equivalent to, or even more than, the average income per worker before the project. We also find evidence that the large increase in income is due to the use of new agricultural practices, such as new varieties, taught and promoted in the farmer field schools. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracking mesoscale convective systems in the Sahel: relation between cloud parameters and precipitation
Authors: Goyens Clémence , Lauwaet Dirk , Schröder Marc , Demuzere Matthias , Van Lipzig Nicole P. M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlthough mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are the main source of precipitation in the semi‐arid Sahel region, the relationship between MCS characteristics and their generated precipitation remain unclear. However, a thorough understanding of this relation is essential to work towards a classification scheme for MCSs and eventually to improve quantitative precipitation estimates in which cloud parameters are used as proxy variables for the total or maximum intense rainfall from a system. Accordingly, this study aims to analyse the cloud parameters and rain variables distributions and their concurrence before quantifying the relationships between them. This is done using hourly EUMETSAT's Meteosat‐8 infrared (10.8 µm) images, 3‐hourly precipitation data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and an MCS tracking algorithm. The period of interest extends from 1 June till 22 September 2006 and the area of interest covers the Lake Chad region. Results indicate that MCSs in the Sahel region generally show a maximum cloud coverage around 57 000 km2, a life duration of 9 h, an embedded convective core during 6 h and precipitation peaks around 12.3 mm h−1. A recurrent sequence of cloud and rain variables is also noticed; maximum in cloud coverage is mostly preceded by a minimum in brightness temperature in the cold convective core and is followed by a peak in precipitation. Longer‐lived and larger MCSs as well as MCSs embedding very cold and long‐lived convective cores exhibit an increased likelihood to induce more intense precipitation. Focussing on the characteristics of the cold convective core rather than on the characteristics of the entire system appears to be more relevant to predict the precipitation as the former are better correlated with the generated precipitation and can be used as proxy parameter for estimations of maximum intense precipitation using two‐dimensional nonlinear regression models. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society