bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT-guided biopsy of thoracic lesions with a novel wire-based needle guide device – initial experiences
Authors: Kröpil Patric , Bilk Philip , Quentin Michael , Miese Falk R , Lanzman Rotem S , Scherer Axel 
Published: August 2011

Background Biopsies guided by computed tomography (CT) play an important role in clinical practice. A short duration, minimal radiation dose and complication rate are of particular interest. Purpose To evaluate the potential of a novel self-manufactured wire-based needle guide device for CT-guided thoracic biopsies with respect to radiation dose, intervention time and complication rate. Material and Methods Forty patients that underwent CT-guided biopsies of thoracic lesions were included in this study and assigned to two groups. Patients in group A ( n = 20, mean age 69 ± 8.4 years) underwent biopsies with a novel wire-based needle guide device, while patients in group B ( n = 20, mean age 68.4 ± 10.1 years) were biopsied without a needle guide device. The novel self-manufactured needle guide device consists of an iron/zinc wire modelled to a ring with a flexible arm and an eye at the end of the arm to stabilize the biopsy needle in the optimal position during intervention. Predefined parameters (radiation dose, number of acquired CT-slices, duration of intervention, complications) were compared between both groups. Results Mean radiation dose (CTDIvol 192 mGy versus 541 mGy; P ≤ 0.001) and the number of acquired slices during intervention ( n = 49 ± 33 vs. n = 126 ± 78; P ≤ 0.001) were significantly lower in group A compared with group B. Intervention time in group A (13.1 min) was significantly lower than in group B (18.5 min, P < 0.01). A pneumothorax as peri-interventional complication was observed less frequent after device assisted biopsies ( n = 4 vs. n = 8, n.s.). Conclusion The novel wire-based needle guide device is a promising tool to facilitate CT-guided thoracic biopsies reducing radiation dose, intervention time, and related complications. Further studies are mandatory to confirm these initial results.
Step-and-shoot prospectively ECG-gated vs. retrospectively ECG-gated with tube current modulation coronary CT angiography using 128-slice MDCT patients with chest pain: diagnostic performance and radiation dose
Authors: Kim Jeong Su , Choo Ki Seok , Jeong Dong Wook , Chun Kook Jin , Park Yong Hyun , Song Sung Gook , Park Ju Hyun , Kim June Hong , Kim Jun , Han Dongcheul , Lim Soo Jin 
Published: August 2011

Background With increasing awareness for radiation exposure, the study of diagnostic accuracy of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) with low radiation dose techniques is mandatory to both radiologist and clinician. Purpose To compare diagnostic performance and effective radiation dose between step-and-shoot prospectively ECG-gated and retrospectively ECG-gated with tube current modulation (TCM) CCTA using 128-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 60 patients who underwent CCTA with either of two different low-dose techniques using 128-slice MDCT (23 patients for step-and shoot-prospectively ECG-gated and 37 patients for retrospectively ECG-gated with TCM CCTA) followed by conventional coronary angiography. All coronary arteries and all segments thereof, except anatomical variants or small size (< 1.5 mm) ones, were included in analysis. Results In per-segment analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 91/96%, 95/94%, 75/73%, and 98/99% for step-and-shoot prospectively ECG-gated and retrospectively ECG gated with TCM CCTA, respectively, relative to conventional coronary angiography. Effective radiation dose were 1.75 ± 0.83 mSv, 4.91 ± 1.71 mSv in the step-and-shoot prospectively ECG-gated and retrospectively ECG-gated with TCM CCTA groups, respectively. Conclusion The two low-radiation dose CCTA techniques using 128-slice MDCT yields comparable diagnostic performance for coronary artery disease in symptomatic patients with low heart rates.
Observer variation for radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging of occult hip fractures
Authors: Collin David , Dunker Dennis , Göthlin Jan H , Geijer Mats 
Published: August 2011

BackgroundConventional radiography is insufficient for diagnosis in a small but not unimportant number of hip fractures, and secondary imaging with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is warranted. There are no convincing observer variation studies performed for conventional radiography or CT in occult fractures, and no large materials for MRI.PurposeTo assess observer variation in radiography, CT and MRI of suspected occult, non-displaced hip fractures, and to evaluate to what extent observer experience or patient age may influence observer performance.Material and MethodsA total of 375 patients after hip trauma where radiography was followed by CT or MRI to evaluate a suspected occult hip fracture were collected retrospectively from two imaging centers. After scoring by three observers with varying degrees of radiologic experience, observer variation was assessed by using linear weighted kappa statistics.ResultsFor radiography, agreements between the three observers were moderate to substantial for intracapsular fractures, with kappa values in the ranges of 0.56–0.66. Kappa values were substantial for extracapsular fractures, in the ranges of 0.69–0.72. With increasing professional experience, fewer fractures were classified as equivocal at radiography. For CT and MRI, observer agreements were similar and almost perfect, with kappa values in the ranges of 0.85–0.97 and 0.93–0.97.ConclusionThere were almost perfect observer agreements for CT and MRI in diagnosing non-displaced, occult hip fractures. Observer agreements for radiography were moderate to substantial, and observer experience influenced agreement only at radiography.
The clinical significance and management of incidental focal FDG uptake in the thyroid gland on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with non-thyroidal malignancy
Authors: Wong Christine , Lin Michael , Chicco Andrew , Benson Rhonda 
Published: August 2011

Background Incidental focal fluorine-18-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in the thyroid is not uncommon. A significant proportion is due to intercurrent thyroid cancer on further evaluation. Purpose To investigate and discuss the clinical significance and management of incidental focal FDG uptake in the thyroid gland on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with non-thyroidal malignancy. Material and Methods We investigated 188/7896 (2.4%) patients who had incidental focal thyroid uptake on FDG PET/CT in an oncology population over a 45-month period. Diagnosis was confirmed in 63 patients of whom 59 patients had histopathological verification. Results Thirty-two percent of confirmed cases were malignant comprising intercurrent thyroid cancer in three-quarters of these patients. Maximum standardized uptake values of the thyroid lesions and SUV ratios compared with background thyroid and mediastinal uptake were not predictive of a benign or malignant etiology. In patients with incidental thyroid cancers, more than half had non-papillary and intermediate to high-risk pathology. Conclusion Focal FDG uptake in the thyroid gland on PET/CT showed a malignancy risk of 32%. The intensity of uptake does not predict histology and underpins the importance of further investigations to exclude intercurrent thyroid cancer in suitable patients.
Low-radiation-dose dual-phase MDCT protocol with split contrast media dose and time optimization: protocol design for renal donors evaluation
Authors: Bazeed Mohamed Fayez , Fooshang Fawzy F , Ahmed Magdy Aly 
Published: August 2011

Background A routine, multiphase, computed tomography (CT) protocol is associated with high radiation exposure to potential kidney donors. To reduce radiation exposure, several authors have suggested a reduction in the number of phases. Purpose To evaluate a low-radiation-dose, dual-phase protocol (i.e. a protocol with an unenhanced phase and combined vascular and excretory phase) for the preoperative evaluation of potential renal donors. Material and Methods Sixty-five potential renal donors were divided into two groups. The first group was scanned with a routine quadric-phase protocol (non-contrast, arterial, venous, and delayed), and the second group was scanned with a triple-phase protocol (dual phase protocol + venous phase). In the second group, we replaced CT angiography with a routine abdominal CT technique. In addition to the evaluation of renal arteries, veins, and excretory systems, the radiation dose of the suggested protocol was compared to that of the routine quadric-phase protocol. Results The suggested protocol was efficient in the evaluation of renal arteries, veins, and excretory systems in all studied potential renal donors. Renal arteries were well visualized in the combined vascular excretory phase using the routine abdominal CT technique; no significant difference was noted when these results were compared to those obtained from the CT angiography used in the quadric-phase protocol. The mean effective radiation dose of our suggested dual-phase protocol was only 34% of the dose resulting from the routine quadric-phase protocol. Conclusion Use of a low-radiation, dual-phase, CT protocol, which relied on both an unenhanced phase and a combined vascular and excretory phase, significantly reduced radiation dose. Furthermore, the proposed protocol provides adequate visualization of renal arteries and veins, and affords sufficient opacification of the urinary tract using improved acquisition triggering.
Are leg length and hip offset comparable after hip resurfacing and cementless total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Patel S , Thakrar RR , Bhamra J , Hossain F , Tengrootenhuysen M , Haddad FS 
Published: August 2011

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine if hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) and cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) were comparable in correcting leg length and hip offset in patients with primary osteoarthritis. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of 80 patients who underwent either HRA or cementless THA for primary osteoarthritis (40 in each group) between 2006 and 2008. Standardised anteroposterior radiographs taken pre-operatively and at one year following surgery were used to calculate the total offset and leg length in both hips. RESULTS At one year following surgery, no leg length discrepancy was identified in either group. A difference of 0.39cm (p=0.046) remained between the mean total offset of the operated hip and the contralateral non-operated hip in the HRA group. No difference in offset was observed between the two hips after surgery in the THA group (p=0.875). CONCLUSIONS Leg length is restored by HRA and THA. A difference remains in offset after HRA although we attribute this to intentional medialisation of the acetabular cup.
Investigating and critically appraising the expression and potential role of androgen receptor in breast carcinoma
Authors: Peter Mark B. , Shaaban Abeer M. , Rajan Sree Sundara , Maraqa Loaie , Horgan Kieran , Speirs Valerie 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The potential role of the androgen receptor (AR) as a predictive or prognostic factor in breast cancer remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prognostic significance of AR in a cohort of breast carcinomas with long-term follow-up and to critically appraise this in the context of existing literature. Four hundred and eight cases of invasive breast cancer were incorporated into tissue microarrays (TMAs). All received tamoxifen and comprised 108 cases which relapsed and 300 cases which did not. Mean follow-up time for the former was 84 months (range 1–142, SD 38.8) and for the latter was 77 months (range 11–229, SD 49.7). TMAs were immunohistochemically stained with AR and scored as a continuous variable and using the Allred score. AR expression was significantly associated with grade, recurrence on tamoxifen, non-breast cancer death estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR). AR correlated significantly with better overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) using an Allred cut-off of 4 (log rank=0.0053 and 0.0044, respectively), and 20% positive tumor cells (log rank=0.0027 and 0.0059, respectively). AR expression was additionally associated with a reduced risk of recurrence following endocrine therapy. In summary, AR positive breast tumors have better OS and DFS and are less likely to recur following endocrine treatment.
Legales und illegales Töten von und in Unternehmen
Authors: Puteanus-Birkenbach Katja 
Published: August 2011

Zusammenfassung
Das Töten im Wirtschaftsleben kann nur metaphorisch betrachtet werden und ist sowohl in actio als auch reactio eher ein Unsichtbares. Es befindet sich in einem Dunkelfeld innerhalb legitimer und illegitimer unternehmerischer Entscheidungen. Jemanden liquidieren (= töten) ist illegal, etwas liquidieren (= auflösen) legal. Die in einem Unternehmen handelnden Personen befinden sich originär in einem Spannungsverhältnis einer parallel existierenden, aber häufig divergierenden betriebswirtschaftlichen, rechtlichen und sozialen Norm. Je nach Normbezug verursacht “Töten” in wirtschaftlichen Handlungsfeldern emotionale Höhepunkte (Lustgewinn) oder Tiefpunkte (Depression, bis hin zum Selbstmord).
Japan: Killing Motivation
Authors: Ackermann Peter 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
This paper places the concept of killing into a discussion of what living means. Focusing on Japan, a culture certainly not rooted in occidental traditions and values, living essentially implies the flow of energy linking parts to a whole, and individuals to a others. For this process to take place smoothly the balance of movements of giving and receiving is indispensable. However, present-day debates in Japan show great concern about the fact that large segments of society are no longer motivated to produce the activity that can conceptually be equated with life and living. In the first half of this paper I discuss mechanisms that urge persons to move, and in the second half reflect on mechanisms that are blocking, stifling, “killing” the motivation to move.
Transcutaneous Bilirubin in Exclusively Breastfed Healthy Term Newborns Up to 12 Days of Life
Authors: Draque Cecilia Maria , Sañudo Adriana , de Araujo Peres Clovis , de Almeida Maria Fernanda Branco 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE:To determine the curve of transcutaneous bilirubin in breastfed term neonates up to 12 days of life.METHODS:In a prospective cohort study, we performed a 12-day evaluation of 223 healthy, exclusively breastfed, appropriate-for-gestational-age neonates who roomed-in for at least 48 hours. Each newborn had forehead transcutaneous bilirubin and body weight measured at the end of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days. Regression analysis was used with bilirubin as a third-degree polynomial function of time. The 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentile curves were constructed by using the residual mean square for each day.RESULTS:Patients were 46% white, 34% mixed race, and 20% black, the mean birth weight was 3260 g (range: 2560–4090 g), the mean gestational age was 39.4 weeks (range: 37.0–41.9 weeks), 51% were male, 74% were born by vaginal delivery, and 66% had been breastfed since delivery. The mean highest weight loss was 4.7% (range: 1%–12%) at the second or third day, and in most infants the weight returned to the birth weight at the fifth day. With 2007 total bilirubin measurements, bilirubin concentrations reached the 50th percentile level (5.6 mg/dL) at the third and fourth days and returned to the 24-hour level (4.8 mg/dL) at the sixth day. The 95th percentile bilirubin level was 8.2 mg/dL at 24 hours of life, reached 12.2 mg/dL on the fourth day, and declined to 8.5 mg/dL on the 12th day.CONCLUSIONS:The transcutaneous bilirubin curve represents the natural history of bilirubinemia in exclusively breastfed healthy term newborns in the first 12 days of life.
Group of Serum Inflammatory Markers and Periodontitis–Metabolic Syndrome Coexistence in Koreans
Authors: Han Dong‐Hun , Shin Hye‐Sun , Kim Mi‐Sun , Paek Domyung , Kim Hyun‐Duck 
Published: August 2011

Background: Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that individuals with periodontitis have a significantly increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Chronic infection and subsequent production of systemic inflammatory markers may be associated with this increased risk. The aim of present study is to determine whether the presence of periodontitis and MetS is associated with a group or an individual of C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and homocysteine (HCY) in the serum of a Korean population.Methods: Medical and periodontal parameters, including CRP, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, and HCY, were evaluated in 118 individuals (73 healthy; 20 with periodontitis only; 13 with MetS only; and 12 with both). The community periodontal index was used to assess periodontitis. Age, sex, monthly household income, smoking, and drinking were evaluated as confounders. Analysis of covariance, linear regression analysis, and factor analysis were applied.Results: The group of serologic cytokines was synergistically associated with the periodontitis–MetS coexistence. TNF‐α and IL‐6 were two representing serologic cytokines in the group.Conclusions: Our results suggest that a group of systemic biologic markers represented by TNF‐α and IL‐6 might mediate the association between MetS and periodontitis adjusted for various confounders. Additional evidence is needed to generalize our results more widely.
Genetic Analysis of Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Howson Joanna M.M. , Rosinger Silke , Smyth Deborah J. , Boehm Bernhard O. ,   the ADBW-END Study Group, Todd John A. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
In contrast with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, the genetics of autoimmune diabetes in adults are not well understood. We have therefore investigated the genetics of diabetes diagnosed in adults positive for autoantibodies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
GAD autoantibodies (GADAs), insulinoma-associated antigen-2 antibodies (IA-2As), and islet cell autoantibodies were measured at time of diagnosis. Autoantibody-positive diabetic subjects (n = 1,384) and population-based control subjects (n = 2,235) were genotyped at 20 childhood-onset type 1 diabetes loci and FCRL3, GAD2, TCF7L2, and FTO.

RESULTS
PTPN22 (1p13.2), STAT4 (2q32.2), CTLA4 (2q33.2), HLA (6p21), IL2RA (10p15.1), INS (11p15.5), ERBB3 (12q13.2), SH2B3 (12q24.12), and CLEC16A (16p13.13) were convincingly associated with autoimmune diabetes in adults (P ≤ 0.002), with consistent directions of effect as reported for pediatric type 1 diabetes. No evidence of an HLA-DRB1*03/HLA-DRB1*04 (DR3/4) genotype effect was obtained (P = 0.55), but it remained highly predisposing (odds ratio 26.22). DR3/4 was associated with a lower age at diagnosis of disease, as was DR4 (P = 4.67 × 10−6) but not DR3. DR3 was associated with GADA positivity (P = 6.03 × 10−6) but absence of IA-2A (P = 3.22 × 10−7). DR4 was associated with IA-2A positivity (P = 5.45 × 10−6).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the genetics of autoimmune diabetes in adults and children are differentiated by only relatively few age-dependent genetic effects. The slower progression toward autoimmune insulin deficiency in adults is probably due to a lower genetic load overall combined with subtle variation in the HLA class II gene associations and autoreactivity.
Elevated Transferrin Saturation and Risk of Diabetes
Authors: Ellervik Christina , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas , Andersen Henrik Ullits , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Frandsen Merete , Birgens Henrik , Nordestgaard Børge G. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
We tested the hypothesis that elevated transferrin saturation is associated with an increased risk of any form of diabetes, as well as type 1 or type 2 diabetes separately.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used two general population studies, The Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS, N = 9,121) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS, N = 24,195), as well as a 1:1 age- and sex-matched population-based case-control study with 6,129 patients with diabetes from the Steno Diabetes Centre and 6,129 control subjects, totaling 8,535 patients with diabetes and 37,039 control subjects.

RESULTS
In the combined studies, odds ratios in those with transferrin saturation ≥50% vs. &lt;50% were 2.1 (95% CI 1.3–3.4; P = 0.003) for any form of diabetes; 2.6 (1.2–5.6; P = 0.01) for type 1 diabetes; and 1.7 (1.4–2.1; P = 0.001) for type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Elevated transferrin saturation confers a two- to threefold increased risk of developing any form of diabetes, as well as type 1 and type 2 diabetes separately.
Effect of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D on Risk for Type 2 Diabetes May Be Partially Mediated by Subclinical Inflammation
Authors: Thorand Barbara , Zierer Astrid , Huth Cornelia , Linseisen Jakob , Meisinger Christa , Roden Michael , Peters Annette , Koenig Wolfgang , Herder Christian 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
To assess the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and incident type 2 diabetes and to determine whether the association is mediated by subclinical inflammation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using a case-cohort design, baseline levels of 25-OHD were measured in 416 case subjects with incident type 2 diabetes and 1,267 noncase subjects selected from a source population of 7,936 middle-aged participants in the population-based Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease (MONICA)/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) study.

RESULTS
A significant inverse association was observed between serum 25-OHD and incident type 2 diabetes after adjustment for diabetes risk factors and season. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI comparing tertile extremes was 0.63 (0.44–0.90) (Ptrend = 0.010). Further adjustment for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and interferon-γ–inducible protein-10 attenuated this association by 16% (HR 0.73 [0.50–1.05], P = 0.090).

CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D status is inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk and our data suggest that this association may be partially mediated by subclinical inflammation.
On Galois cohomology and realizability of 2-groups as Galois groups II
Authors: Michailov Ivo 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
In [Michailov I.M., On Galois cohomology and realizability of 2-groups as Galois groups, Cent. Eur. J. Math., 2011, 9(2), 403–419] we calculated the obstructions to the realizability as Galois groups of 14 non-abelian groups of order 2n, n ≥ 4, having a cyclic subgroup of order 2n−2, over fields containing a primitive 2n−3th root of unity. In the present paper we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the realizability of the remaining 8 groups that are not direct products of smaller groups.
Retroperitoneal hematoma — a rare complication after cervical conization because of cervicoisthmic arteriovenous malformation: a case report
Authors: Habek Dubravko , Turudić Tatjana 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA rare case is presented concerning retroperitoneal hemorrhage in a 28-year-old patient after a cold knife conization and cervical suture reconstruction. Arteriovenous cervicoisthmic malformation is a risk factor that was identified in a hysterectomy sample.