bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doppler Velocimetry in the Human Fetus
Authors: Satoh Shoji 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Doppler velocimetry has recently become an informative procedure for the real-time and noninvasive evaluation in fetal hemodynamics. The analysis of flow velocity waveforms in various kinds of vessels has been made for not only clarifying fetal physiology and pathophysiology of various disorders but also for determining the most appropriate intervention from the viewpoint of the integrated management protocol. The unique change in both the arterial and venous flow in normal and compromised fetuses has been demonstrated. Clinical applications of the Doppler technique in monitoring the fetus are reviewed.
Fetal Neuroimaging by Transvaginal 3D Ultrasound and MRI
Authors: Pooh KyongHon 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound is one of the most attractive modality in the field of fetal ultrasound imaging. In multiplanar imaging of the brain structure, it is possible to demonstrate not only the sagittal and coronal sections but also the axial section of the brain, which cannot be demonstrated from parietal direction by a conventional 2D transvaginal sonography. Parallel slicing provides a tomographic visualization of internal morphology similar to MR imaging. Fetal neuroimaging with advanced 3D ultrasound technology is easy, noninvasive and reproducible methods. It produces not only comprehensible images but also objective imaging data. It has been controversial whether ultrasound or MRI is more practical and effective in prenatal assessment of fetal CNS abnormalities.
In the assessment of enlarged ventricles, no significant difference between dedicated neurosonography and MRI in detection of intracranial structure. However, MRI is superior to ultrasound in evaluation of the brainstem, posterior fossa and cortical development especially in the late pregnancy. Meanwhile, transvaginal high-frequent 3D ultrasound has superiority to MRI in detection of intracranial calcification, vascular anatomy, intratumoral vascularity, bony structure.
For CNS anomaly screening scan, ultrasound is no doubt the first modality, and once CNS abnormality is suspicious, after considering each advantage and disadvantage of transvaginal 3D ultrasound and MRI, it is suggested to use those different technologies according to what to be detected and evaluated in each abnormal CNS case. Of course, those two technologies should be utilized as alternatives and complementaries as well. In terms of fetal neurological function analysis, four-dimensional ultrasound research on fetal behavior have been launched in multicenters, and it will be greatly expected to elucidate relations between antenatal behavior and postnatal neurological prognosis.
Screening of Fetal Heart for the Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Maeno Yasuki , Hirose Akiko 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Screening of the congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most important techniques in prenatal ultrasonographic examination. Step by step screening methods for taking account for the level of screener, especially in the area with poor detection rate, is needed for starting effective fetal CHD screening. In this review, the fetal cardiac screening is divided into two methods accounting for steps for learning screening technique; the basic screening and the advanced screening. Basic screening is a simple method even for the one who is not familiar to the cardiac anatomy. The goal of this basic screening is to detect most of the ductal dependent lesions including transposition of the great arteries. For the basic screening, ‘location’ and ‘size’ of the heart and vessels are checked in standard fourchamber view and three-vessel view. Advanced screening is a screening for detecting all fetal CHDs, including total anomalous pulmonary venous return. For the advanced screening, the side of the heart is defined, and then the ‘detail anatomy’ and the ‘function and blood flow’ are assessed in all standard screening views, including one fetal abdominal transverse view and three fetal chest transverse views, such as four-chamber, three-vessel and three-vessel and trachea view.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Fetal Bone and Small Parts
Authors: Murotsuki Jun , Sekiya Takao , Nishizawa Haruki , Udagawa Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
The prenatal diagnosis of fetal bone and small parts is a challenging task to the variable disorders and large number of possible diagnosis. Fetal limb anomalies may be congenital or acquired in utero. The former occur as anomalies either systemically or, in some limbs, due to hereditary or sporadic impairment in the formation or development of bone, cartilage or soft tissue. Acquired anomalies are caused by mechanical factor of an amniotic band or oligohydramnios. Both types present functional and cosmetic abnormalities, and skeletal dysplasia in particular includes lethal diseases, which makes prenatal diagnosis in such cases highly important, both medically and societally. Diagnostic imaging for prenatal diagnosis is accomplished by ultrasound, MRI and CT scan, and chromosomal and genetic diagnosis is also performed as needed. We focus on skeletal dysplasia to review prenatal diagnosis of fetal bone and small part anomalies by noninvasive ultrasound. For the authors as perinatologists, this is the imaging modality of choice.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis in Preterm Labor
Authors: Ichizuka Kiyotake , Hasegawa Junichi , Matsuoka Ryu , Okai Takashi 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Ultrasound diagnosis of the preterm birth was discussed in the measurement of uterine cervical length, its significance for the prediction of preterm birth, fetal growth estimation for the study on fetal maturity and fetal lung immaturity assessment with noninvasive ultrasonic techniques for the prediction and treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
Ultrasonography in Multiple Pregnancies
Authors: Nakata Masahiko 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTMultiple pregnancies have a higher risk of both maternal and fetal prognosis. Accurate diagnosis of chorionicity and amnionicity plays an important role for optical perinatal management. In monochorionic pregnancies, there may be several unique pathological complications derived from vascular anastomoses on monochorionic placentation. Twin-twin transfusion, twin-reversed arterial perfusion sequence and single fetal demise have several issues on both perinatal prognosis and management. Recent investments of medical instruments have allowed intervention during prenatal period, such as fetoscopic laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels. These interventions provide more favorable perinatal prognosis. Another risk in multiple pregnancies is congenital anomaly, which is apparently higher than in singleton pregnancy. Therefore, detailed ultrasound examination is necessary for optical management.
Ultrasonic Studies on Amniotic Fluid Umbilical Cord and Placenta
Authors: Ichizuka Kiyotake , Hasegawa Junichi , Matsuoka Ryu , Okai Takashi 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Detail evaluation of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta has been obtained by means of ultrasound new technology, including 3D color Doppler imaging. This paper summarizes fetal membrane anatomy and disorders using many ultrasound images taken by not only 2D gray scale ultrasound but also 3D color Doppler images.
Sonogenetics: A Breakthrough in Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Choy Kwong Wai , Yeung Leung Tak , Lau Tze Kin 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
G-band and rapid FISH/QF-PCR are regarded as the gold standards for prenatal chromosomal diagnosis. Numerous microdeletion/ microduplication syndromes, however, are not detectable by conventional karyotyping. So far, we had a dilemma between fetal developmental/structural abnormalities with strong suspicion of chromosomal abnormalities and normal karyotype results. Fetal DNA chip includes more than 6,450 genetic loci and covers more than 100 common genetic diseases with numeric, structural chromosomal anomalies.
In April 2009, we launched prenatal diagnosis by fetal DNA chip of amniotic fluid samples or chorionic villi samples in the selected fetuses with sonographic abnormalities and suspicion of familial genetic disorders. We had seven cases with both abnormal ultrasound findings and pathologic copy number variations by DNA chip. In all cases, normal karyotype was confirmed by G-banding analysis.
Fetal DNA chip (array CGH) may become a strong modality to solve some part of this dilemma. Although we have to be prudent to select the patients, deal with DNA chip results and parental counseling, “sonogenetics” is one of the breakthroughs in prenatal diagnosis, and the further accumulation of case studies will be required in this new field.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Dental Infection Control and Occupational Safety in India: 1999 and 2010
Authors: Puttaiah Raghunath , Shetty Sadashiva , Shetty Deepthi , Dubey Sumit , Walters Scott , Bernstein Ira , Froelich-Grobe Katherine 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
The objective was to study knowledge, attitudes, practice (KAP) and needs regarding infection control measures using two cross-sectional surveys from 1999 and 2010 conducted in India. Both data collection instruments had only about 35 comparable variables in common. In 1999, there were 456 respondents (dentists) who used a self-administered survey instrument compared to 272 respondents in 2010. Both the 1999 and 2010 samples were mutually independent with no overlap, had regional differences, and therefore were not directly compared for changes in KAP over time. While almost all respondents from both surveys felt that education in dental safety was needed and wanted mandatory dental safety curriculum in dental schools, severe inadequacies in dental safety knowledge, protection against immunizable diseases, and practice of universal precaution were noted. Data from the study demonstrated that there is a substantial opportunity to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental infection control and occupational safety in India. Respondents reported that infectious disease status of a patient is always known and a significant number reported that they had the right to refuse care for patients of known infectious disease status. Stigma in treating HIV/AIDS patients was still a concern, an ethically troubling response suggesting the need for a stronger focus on educating dentists in subjects, such as dental safety, stigma and infectious disease. Information obtained from this study could be utilized for developing policies oriented towards increasing dental safety educational efforts, in both dental schools as curriculum, and for practicing dentists through professional updates or continuing dental education.
Influence of Er: Yag Laser on Shear Bond Strength of Self-etching Adhesives to Bovine Enamel: In vitro Study
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , de Paiva Gonçalves Sergio Eduardo , Pavanello Marcella Batista , Souza Ana Carolina 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the enamel treatment with Er:YAG laser on the bond strength of self-etching adhesives.

Materials and methods
One-hundred bovine incisors were ground to obtain flat enamel surfaces. The bond area was delimited with 3 mm diameter adhesive tape. Specimens were divided in two groups: Group L: Enamel surface received Er:YAG laser application (Kavo KEY 3) at 300 mJ/6 Hz in sweeping mode for 30 seconds; Group N: Enamel surface received no additional treatment. Each group was divided into five subgroups according to self-etching adhesive: S&E (Self & Etch), FB (Futurabond NR), XE (Xeno III), OU (One-Up bond F), CL (Clearfil SE Bond). Cylinders of Z250 composite were fabricated on the bonding area using a teflon matrix. The teeth were stored in water at 37°C/ 24 hours and submitted to shear testing at a speed of 1 mm/min.

Results
The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, obtaining p-value = 0.001. The mean values (±SD) in MPa for each group/subgroup were: N/FB—19.65(±3.87)a; N/CL—19.55(±3.78)a; N/OU—15.57(±2.85)ab; N/XE—15.32(±4.00)b; L/CL— 13.91(±2.54)b; L/OU—13.16(±2.17)bc; L/XE—9.74(±1.65)cd; N/S&E—8.83(±2.63)d; L/FB—8.30(±2.27)d; L/S&E—6.56(±1.55)d.

Conclusion
It was concluded that the enamel surface treatment with Er:YAG laser reduced the bond strength significantly for most of the self-etching adhesives tested.
Kitchen Microwave-Assisted Accelerated Method for Fixation and Processing of Oral Mucosal Biopsies: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shashidara Raju , Sridhara Sudheendra Udyavara 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Background and aim
Conventional protocols of formalin fixation and processing add time and cost to histoprocessing. This study aims to evaluate an indigenously developed protocol for microwave histoprocessing and compare it with the routine protocol for histoprocessing.

Materials and methods
A total of 40 human buccal mucosal specimens were processed according to the microwave and the routine protocol. Sections obtained were coded and evaluated for the following: Section quality, staining quality, artifacts, cellular details in epithelium, nuclear detail and diagnostic ability. Parameters were graded as suboptimal, optimal and good, and results were statistically analyzed.

Results
The number of good and optimal specimens in both the protocols were almost similar for all parameters assessed with better results for cellular detail, nuclear detail, staining and sectioning quality seen in microwave-fixed samples. Artefacts were lesser in routine processing protocol.

Conclusions
Microwave alcohol fixation protocol provides good and faster fixation compared to routine fixation.
Analysis of the Pulp Chamber Temperature of Teeth Submitted to Light Activation with and without Bleaching Gel
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Batista Graziela Ribeiro 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study evaluated the temperature of the pulpal chamber (PC) of teeth submitted to the light activation with and without bleaching gel, using different types of light sources.Materials and methodsA digital thermometer, thermocouple K type, was located in the PC of human upper central incisors and the specimens received light activation from the following sources: G1—Laser, G2—Halogen light, G3—progressive intensity halogen lamp, G4—LED/Laser. The light was applied for 3 minutes, with and without the use of bleaching gel. The data were collected after every 30 seconds and analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test.ResultsThe mean values were: Use of the gel—with gel: 3.09a, without gel: 2.79b; Type of light source—G1: 0.60a, G2: 2.38b, G3: 4.16c, G4: 4.63d; Time of activation 30 seconds: 1.15a, 1 minutes: 2.20b, 1 minutes 30 seconds: 2.97c, 2 minutes: 3.44d, 2 minutes 30 seconds: 3.81e, 3 minutes: 4.09e.ConclusionsThe use of bleaching gel associated with light activation resulted in higher heating of the PC. LED/LASER light and progressive intensity halogen lamp showed highest levels of heating. The increase of irradiation time significantly increased the temperature.
Comparing the Efficacy of Plaque Removal between Salvadora persica (Miswak) and Manual Toothbrush in 12 to 15 Years School Children
Authors: Devi Aruna M , Hampannavar Pooja , Radha G , Kadanakuppe Sushi , Nagashree SR , Kumar Vinod A 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare the efficacy of plaque removal between chewing stick (Miswak—Salvadora persica) and manual toothbrush in 12 to 15 years old school children.

Methods
A randomized, examiner-blind, parallel design study was conducted over a 2-month period, among 12 to 15 years old students of Sri Sajjan Rao Vidya Samasthe, Bengaluru. A sample size of 60 subjects was randomly allocated into two groups, 30 subjects in group A (manual toothbrush) and 30 subjects in group B (chewing stick). The plaque index (Turesky et al, modified Quigley Hein plaque index) was used for base line, pre- and postintervention assessment. Then the data was collected and subjected to statistical analysis and the test used was Student-t test.

Results
The results were given separately for between and within group comparison. The difference in mean PI score between toothbrush users and tooth stick users is found to be statistically significant (p < 0.01). Higher mean PI score was found in tooth stick users compared to toothbrush users and the mean difference was statistically significant. The difference in mean PI score in both the groups, before and after intervention was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Manual toothbrush and Miswak tooth sticks (Salvadora persica) both are effective in removal of plaque, but manual toothbrush was more effective than Miswak tooth stick, which was statistically significant.
Radioactive Isotope Evaluation of Coronal Leakage after Endodontic Treatment in Teeth Restored with Three Different Intracoronal Restorative Materials: An in vitro Study
Authors: Keshava Prasad BS , Sudhakaran Sunu 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the coronal microleakage following endodontic treatment of teeth restored with three different intracoronal restorations using calcium-45 radioisotope and autoradiography. A total of 48 extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals were divided into three experimental groups of 16 specimens each. The teeth were sectioned horizontally at the cementoenamel junction and at the middle-third of the root, orifices and canals were enlarged with Gates Glidden bur and finished using K files, and obturated with gutta-percha cones using lateral condensation technique. 3 mm of gutta-percha were removed from the coronal part of the teeth to prepare a clean 3 mm deep cavity for the coronal restorative material. Group 1 consisted of teeth restored with Ketac Molar Easymix; group 2 with Miracle Mix and group 3 with Filtek Z350. The teeth were then thermocycled and tested for microleakage using calcium-45 radioisotope. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. Filtek Z350 exhibited the least leakage followed by Ketac Molar Easymix and Miracle Mix, and the microleakage among the three restorative materials was statistically significant.
General Disturbances and their Correlation to the Eruption of Primary Dentition in Children between 5 and 30 Months Age Group of Belgaum City: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Deshpande Shobha , Sholapurmath Santosh M , Anand Shigli L 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT

Background and objective
The effect of teething on infants health has been debated for at least 5000 years and traditional beliefs on issue have still not been entirely supplemented by scientific finding. This study has tried to gather scientific information of systemic/clinical signs and symptoms in scientific manner. The objectives of this study were: (1) To describe the most frequent objective clinical manifestation during the eruption of primary teeth, e.g. fever, diarrhea, drooling, fever-drooling, fever-diarrhea, drooling-diarrhea. (2) To assess the correlation between systemic symptoms and eruption of various group of teeth, e.g. incisor, canine, molar.

Methods
The survey was conducted in 500 children between 5 and 30 months and registered at child development center, KLES's Hospital and Medical Research Center, Nehru Nagar, Belgaum, Karnataka. A specially structured questionnaire was applied with face-to-face interview. Information was relayed in yes or no manner of objective manifestation during eruption of primary incisor, canine and molar which included drooling, diarrhea, fever and combination of these symptoms. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and Chi-square analyses.

Results
The study showed more number of children in group A (less than 12 months) manifested drooling symptoms. As the ages advances with group B (between 12 and 18 months), group C (between 18 and 24 months) and group D (above 24 months), clinical manifestation of saliva found to be reduced. The results of study showed that 87.78%; 57.8%; 57.55%; 25.7%; of children with erupting teeth demonstrated general clinical symptoms like drooling, diarrhea and fever. The presence of fever-diarrhea in this study within group A, group B, group C and group D showed highest number of children by the manifestation than any other codes evaluated in the study.

Interpretation and conclusion
Present data demonstrate association between fever-diarrhea observed in all group consistently when marked numerically. As the age advances the fever-diarrhea from group C (between 18 and 24 months) and group D (above 24 months) rank second and third. This ranking in group A (less than 12 months) and group B (between 12 and 18 months) at its highest position and attributable to lower immunity of infants. Further, virology study should be conducted on subjects to demonstrate any possible occurrence of systemic disturbances.
Management of Non-Vital Teeth with Open Apices using MTA as an Apical Plug: Two Case Reports
Authors: Patil Sanjana A , Patil Avinash A , Dodwad Preeti K 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Management of non-vital teeth with open apices is a challenge to dental practitioners. In this clinical scenario, it is difficult to maintain the obturation material within the confines of root canal without encroaching into periapical area. Also, thin dentinal walls of canal is a matter of concern. These cases cannot be managed by conventional endodontic treatment and need customized treatment plan. Treatment of such teeth with calcium hydroxide may demand long time and patient compliance. But with MTA same treatment can be done in reasonably less time with predictable results. Hence, these two case reports present the use of MTA to form an apical plug in open apex followed by complete root canal obturation using thermoplasticized gutta-percha under operating microscope.
Paget's Disease of Maxilla
Authors: Rajkumar GC , Ramesh Bindu , Shashikala R , LNU Manjunath 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Paget's disease is an idiopathic, non-neoplastic affliction characterized by disordered bone formation and resorption. It affects about 3% of the population. Paget's disease affects mainly the skull, femur, tibia and pelvic bones. Facial skeleton is involved in about 17% of the cases. We present a case of Paget's disease involving maxillary and mandibular skeleton which developed osteomyelitis following extraction of maxillary right posterior teeth.
T-Cell-Rich Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Presenting as an Intraosseous Maxillary Neoplasm
Authors: Bheemanagouda Gururaj Patil , Hallikeri Kaveri Satish , Krishna Rekha Pillai 
Published: May 2011

ABSTRACT
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a group of highly diverse malignancies with great tendency to affect organs and tissues that do not ordinarily contain lymphoid cells. T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) is an uncommon histological variant of large B-cell non- Hodgkin lymphoma, morphologically characterized by a minor population of clonal B-cells distributed in a background of prominent reactive T lymphocytes. This is an interesting case of extranodal isolated TCRBCL in jaw bone and to our knowledge this is the first report of its kind in a nonimmune compromised 40-year-old female. An increase in the number of case reports of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in head and neck region definitely makes it to be included as differential diagnosis. The patient has completed 5 years of therapy with no evidence of recurrence.