bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Transformable Specific‐Responsive Peptide for One‐Step Synergistic Therapy of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Wang Zi‐Qi , Qu Tian‐Rui , Zhang Zhi‐Shuai , Zeng Fan‐Shu , Song Hong‐Jian , Zhang Kuo , Guo Pengyu , Tong Zhichao , Hou Da‐Yong , Liu Xiao , Wang Lu , Wang Hao , Xu Wanhai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSynergistic therapy has shown greater advantages compared with monotherapy. However, the complex multiple‐administration plan and potential side effects limit its clinical application. A transformable specific‐responsive peptide (TSRP) is utilized to one‐step achieve synergistic therapy integrating anti‐tumor, anti‐angiogenesis and immune response. The TSRP is composed of: i) Recognition unit could specifically target and inhibit the biological function of FGFR‐1; ii) Transformable unit could self‐assembly and trigger nanofibers formation; iii) Reactive unit could specifically cleaved by MMP‐2/9 in tumor micro‐environment; iv) Immune unit, stimulate the release of immune cells when LTX‐315 (Immune‐associated oncolytic peptide) exposed. Once its binding to FGFR‐1, the TSRP could cleaved by MMP‐2/9 to form the nanofibers on the cell membrane, with a retention time of up to 12 h. Through suppressing the phosphorylation levels of ERK 1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways downstream of FGFR‐1, the TSRP significant inhibit the growth of tumor cells and the formation of angioginesis. Furthermore, LTX‐315 is exposed after TSRP cleavage, resulting in Calreticulin activation and CD8+ T cells infiltration. All above processes together contribute to the increasing survival rate of tumor‐bearing mice by nearly 4‐folds. This work presented a unique design for the biological application of one‐step synergistic therapy of bladder cancer.
Multifunctional Super‐Hydrophilic MXene/Biomass Composite Aerogel Evaporator for Efficient Solar‐Driven Desalination and Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Chen Shilin , Zheng Dafeng , Cen Qiulan , Yoo Chang Geun , Zhong Lei , Yang Dongjie , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial evaporation is recognized as a sustainable and effective strategy for desalination to mitigate the freshwater scarcity issue. Nevertheless, the challenges of oil contamination, salt accumulation, and poor long‐term stability of the solar desalination process limit its applications. Herein, a 3D biomass‐based multifunctional solar aerogel evaporator is developed for water production with fabricated chitosan/lignin (CSL) aerogel as the skeleton, encapsulated with carbonized lignin (CL) particles and Ti3C2TiX (MXene) nanosheets as light‐absorbing materials. Benefitting from its super‐hydrophilic wettability, interconnected macropore structure, and high broadband light absorption (ca. 95.50%), the prepared CSL‐C@MXene‐20 mg evaporator exhibited a high and stable water evaporation flux of 2.351 kg m−2 h−1 with an energy conversion efficiency of 88.22% under 1 Sun (1 kW m−2) illumination. The CSL‐C@MXene‐20 mg evaporator performed excellent salt tolerance and long‐term solar vapor generation in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Also, its super‐hydrophilicity and oleophobicity resulted in superior salt resistance and anti‐fouling performance in high salinity brine (20 wt.% NaCl) and oily wastewater. This work offers new insight into the manufacture of porous and eco‐friendly biomass‐based photothermal aerogels for advanced solar‐powered seawater desalination and wastewater purification.
Holistic image‐based analysis of damage on concrete surfaces—A multifaceted approach based on supervised machine learning
Authors: Özcan Barış , Crampen David , Kratzer Zeno , Blankenbach Jörg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTraditional manual methods for inspecting damage on building structures, such as cracks or spalling on concrete surfaces, are laborious, costly, and error‐prone. Despite many attempts to automate this task using digital photographs, most studies primarily focus on detecting damage within images, neglecting the actual dimensions and their implications for structural integrity. To bridge this gap, we present a multifaceted approach for holistic damage analysis that not only detects damage within images but also determines its real‐world dimensions. To achieve this, we first distinguish between linear and areal damage, and apply two separate methods based on deep learning, each tailored to detect these specific types of damage within images. Additionally, we use a cost‐effective 3D‐printed laser projection device to project a grid of laser points onto the surface. This grid, with a known and fixed point‐to‐point distance, serves as a scale reference, facilitating true‐to‐scale measurements of the damage area. Furthermore, for depth estimation of areal damage, we employ models for monocular depth prediction trained in domains distinct from ours. We thoroughly evaluated our methods on realistic and challenging image datasets, which we captured ourselves in public space. The results show that our customized methods for damage detection achieved moderate results for linear damage and more promising results for areal damage. The quantification of damage area resulted in errors less than 10% across all evaluated images, which is suitable for most practical applications. However, estimating the depth of areal damage using models trained on distinct domains proved to be a challenge. Our research expands automated damage detection to include comprehensive, true‐to‐scale analysis of damage and underscores the need for continued refinement.
Are we ready for genetic testing in metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease?
Authors: Tulone Adele , Pennisi Grazia , Ciccioli Carlo , Infantino Giuseppe , La Mantia Claudia , Cannella Roberto , Mercurio Francesco , Petta Salvatore 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), with its steadily increasing prevalence, represents now a major problem in public health. A proper referral could benefit from tools allowing more precise risk stratification. To this end, in recent decades, several genetic variants that may help predict and refine the risk of development and progression of MASLD have been investigated. In this review, we aim to discuss the role genetics in MASLD plays in everyday clinical practice. We performed a comprehensive literature search of PubMed for relevant publications. Available evidence highlights the emergence of genetic‐based noninvasive algorithms for diagnosing fatty liver, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis, fibrosis progression and occurrence of liver‐related outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, their accuracy is not optimal and application in everyday clinical practice remains challenging. Furthermore, susceptible genetic markers have recently become subjects of great scientific interest as therapeutic targets in precision medicine. In conclusion, decisional algorithms based on genetic testing in MASLD to facilitate the clinician decisions on management and treatment are under growing investigation and could benefit from artificial intelligence methodology.
Efficacy of perioperative systemic tranexamic acid along with topical hemocoagulase in decreasing axillary drain output in breast cancer patients undergoing axillary lymph node dissection: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, superiority trial
Authors: Verma Harshit , Jha Chandan Kumar , Singh Prashant Kumar , Sinha Upasna , Ahmad Shamshad , Pandey Jagjit Kumar , Kumar Manoj 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundExcess and prolonged axillary drainage is a frequent nuisance following axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer patients. No consensus exists about the best method to prevent this consistently and reliably. Tranexamic acid (TA) has been found to reduce the amount and duration of drainage, but the reduction is not optimal. We hypothesized that systemic administration of TA along with the topical application of hemocoagulase (H) to the axillary dissection bed may decrease the cumulative axillary drain output and shorten the requirement of drainage after ALND as compared to placebo.Patient and MethodsSeventy women undergoing ALND for breast carcinoma were randomized into two groups, the intervention (TA + H) group and the control (C) group. The cumulative drain output (primary objective), duration of drainage, incidence of seroma formation after drain removal, number of seroma aspirations required, volume of seroma aspirated, and incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) were compared.ResultsThe mean cumulative output in the TA + H group was significantly lower than the C group (290 ± 200 mL vs. 552 ± 369 mL, p < 0.001). Axillary drains were removed significantly earlier in the TA + H group (6.6 ± 2.2 vs. 11.7 ± 6.0 days, p < 0.001), but the incidence of seroma formation (p = 0.34), number of aspirations required (p = 0.33), volume of seroma aspirated (p = 0.47), and the incidence of SSI (p = 0.07) were similar.ConclusionsPerioperative systemic administration of tranexamic acid along with topical application of H to the axillary dissection bed is effective in reducing cumulative axillary drain output after ALND. This strategy may also facilitate earlier removal of suction drains.
Clinical effectiveness of a new scope warmer/cleaner for laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Yokouchi Takashi , Doki Yuichiro , Nakajima Kiyokazu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery, maintaining clear visualization is crucial for safe and efficient operation. We have developed a new scope warmer/cleaner (Lapahot®) based on “hot‐pack” technology. We used our device in 20 consecutive laparoscopic and thoracoscopic cases and compared it with the conventional warm saline method. Lens fogging was not observed in any of the cases, and the cleaning function was comparable to the warm saline method. Moreover, continuous temperature monitoring showed that Lapahot® maintained its temperature much longer than warm saline. Our novel device has the potential to become the new standard for lens defogging and cleaning.
Water populism and the Iranians' collective adipsia
Authors: Khaneiki Majid Labbaf , Schmidt Matthias , Al‐Ghafri Abdullah Saif 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article examines Iran as an example, where the water crisis is dealt with through denial, projection, and securitization approaches, described as “water populism.” The Iranian polity systematically adopts denial and projection approaches to obscure an underlying causal chain whose first ring is ideology, and then, it resorts to the securitization of water to safeguard these approaches against public criticism. Ideology prescribes an intensive hydraulic mission to facilitate “strategic industries clustered together in the central desert” and “self‐sufficiency in food production,” in the wake of its antagonism toward the world's powers and the ensuing international sanctions. This hydraulic mission depletes the country's water resources and results in “water bankruptcy” that is reflected in ecological degradation and socio‐economic disintegration. Ideology not only obstructs the genuine process of problem solving but also gives rise to water populism that serves as a political sedative by either disavowing the water crisis or attributing the crisis to a wide range of technical‐managerial factors or stifling dissenting voices. Any solution to Iran's water crisis seems infeasible in the absence of an ideological reform.
Anisotropic dark energy from string compactifications
Authors: Gallego Diego , Orjuela-Quintana J. Bayron , Valenzuela-Toledo César A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We explore the cosmological dynamics of a minimalistic yet generic string-inspired model for multifield dark energy. Adopting a supergravity four-dimensional viewpoint, we motivate the model’s structure arising from superstring compactifications involving a chiral superfield and a pure U(1) gauge sector. The chiral sector gives rise to a pair of scalar fields, such as the axio-dilaton, which are kinetically coupled. However, the scalar potential depends on only one of them, further entwined with the vector field through the gauge kinetic function. The model has two anisotropic attractor solutions that, despite a steep potential and thanks to multifield dynamics, could explain the current accelerated expansion of the Universe while satisfying observational constraints on the late-times cosmological anisotropy. Nevertheless, justifying the parameter space allowing for slow roll dynamics together with the correct cosmological parameters, would be challenging within the landscape of string theory. Intriguingly, we find that the vector field, particularly at one of the studied fixed points, plays a crucial role in enabling geodesic trajectories in the scalar field space while realizing slow-roll dynamics with a steep potential. This observation opens a new avenue for exploring multifield dark energy models within the superstring landscape.
Efficiency of working coveralls and chemical resistant gloves in reducing operator exposure to pesticides
Authors: Kuster Christian J. , Kluxen Felix M. , Felkers Edgars , Morgan Neil , Hewitt Nicola J. , Durand-Reville Julien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPersonal Protective Equipment (PPE) is used to reduce exposure when working with chemicals. For pesticides, exposure scenarios comprise mixing and loading (M&L) and application. The exposure prediction model recommended by European regulatory agencies for operator risk assessments—the Agricultural Operator Exposure Model (AOEM) – is based on 48 operator exposure studies involving over 500 professional operators from 10 European countries in typical working situations to assess exposure under realistic field conditions. We used the AOEM data to assess the efficiency of exposure reduction resulting from wearing chemical-resistant nitrile gloves and non-certified working coveralls during M&L (tank and backpack sprayer), applications using groundboom and airblast spraying, and outdoor and indoor (greenhouse) applications using handheld sprayers. All studies indicated consistent and high exposure reduction > 90% for gloves and non-certified coveralls across all investigated scenarios. Exceptions were almost exclusively observed when an operator incorrectly used the PPE. The mean exposure reduction from all operators, including those that used PPE incorrectly, was 95.0% for gloves and 96.4% for polyester/cotton working coveralls during M&L, and 91.1% for gloves and 94.9% for non-certified coveralls during all application scenarios. This analysis confirms the essential role of PPE and non-certified working coveralls in reducing operator exposure to pesticides. Outliers indicate that operators need to be properly trained and adhere to label instructions to apply pesticides according to good agricultural practices.
Interleukin 33 supports squamous cell carcinoma growth via a dual effect on tumour proliferation, migration and invasion, and T cell activation
Authors: Perri Graziela , Vilas Boas Vanessa Garcia , Nogueira Maria Renata Sales , Mello Júnior Edgard José Franco , Coelho Ana Lucia , Posadas Edwin M. , Hogaboam Cory , Cavassani Karen A , Campanelli Ana Paula 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-33 is an important cytokine in the tumour microenvironment; it is known to promote the growth and metastasis of solid cancers, such as gastric, colorectal, ovarian and breast cancer. Our group demonstrated that the IL-33/ST2 pathway enhances the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Conversely, other researchers have reported that IL-33 inhibits tumour progression. In addition, the crosstalk between IL-33, cancer cells and immune cells in SCC remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IL-33 on the biology of head and neck SCC lines and to evaluate the impact of IL-33 neutralisation on the T cell response in a preclinical model of SCC. First, we identified epithelial and peritumoural cells as a major local source of IL-33 in human SCC samples. Next, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the addition of IL-33 significantly increased the proliferative index, motility and invasiveness of SCC-25 cells, and downregulated MYC gene expression in SCC cell lines. Finally, IL-33 blockade significantly delayed SCC growth and led to a marked decrease in the severity of skin lesions. Importantly, anti-IL-33 monoclonal antibody therapy increase the percentage of CD4+IFNγ+ T cells and decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells secreting IL-4 in tumour-draining lymph nodes. Together, these data suggest that the IL-33/ST2 pathway may be involved in the crosstalk between the tumour and immune cells by modulating the phenotype of head and neck SCC and T cell activity. IL-33 neutralisation may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for SCC.
Evaluation of anorectal function using real-time tissue elastography before and after preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Sakamoto Akira , Sasaki Kazuhito , Nozawa Hiroaki , Murono Koji , Emoto Shigenobu , Yokoyama Yuichiro , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Nagai Yuzo , Abe Shinya , Shinagawa Takahide , Sonoda Hirofumi , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between changes in elasticity and anorectal function before and after chemoradiotherapy.

Methods
This is a single-center prospective cohort study (Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo). We established a technique to quantify internal anal sphincter hardness as elasticity using transanal ultrasonography with real-time tissue elastography. Twenty-seven patients with post-chemoradiotherapy rectal cancer during 2019–2022 were included. Real-time tissue elastography with transanal ultrasonography was performed before and after chemoradiotherapy to measure internal anal sphincter hardness as “elasticity” (hardest (0) to softest (255); decreased elasticity indicated sclerotic changes). The relationship between the increase or decrease in elasticity pre- and post-chemoradiotherapy and the maximum resting pressure, maximum squeeze pressure, and Wexner score were the outcome measures.

Results
A decrease in elasticity was observed in 16/27 (59.3%) patients after chemoradiotherapy. Patients with and without elasticity decrease after chemoradiotherapy comprised the internal anal sphincter sclerosis and non-sclerosis groups, respectively. The maximum resting pressure post-chemoradiotherapy was significantly high in the internal anal sphincter sclerosis group (63.0 mmHg vs. 47.0 mmHg), and a majority had a worsening Wexner score (60.0% vs. 18.2%) compared with that of the non-sclerosis group. Decreasing elasticity (internal anal sphincter sclerosis) correlated with a higher maximum resting pressure (r = 0.36); no correlation was observed between the degree of elasticity change and maximum squeeze pressure.

Conclusion
Internal anal sphincter sclerosis due to chemoradiotherapy may correlate to anorectal dysfunction.
Complex periprosthetic wound coverage in patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasty: a single plastic surgeon study
Authors: Brenneis Marco , Flevas Dimitrios A. , Gayle Lloyd B. , Boettner Friedrich , Sculco Peter K. , Westrich Geoffrey H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Options for soft tissue coverage in revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) range from primary wound closure to complex muscle flap reconstructions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the institutional experience of wound coverage options for complex soft tissue defects in rTKA.

Materials and methods
77 patients undergoing rTKA with complex wound closure by a single plastic surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. The average follow-up was 30.1 months. In 18 (23.4%) patients, an intraoperative decision for primary closure was made. Fifty-nine patients (76.6%) received either a local fasciocutaneous (N = 18), a medial gastrocnemius (N = 37), a free latissimus dorsi (N = 3) or a lateral gastrocnemius flap (N = 1). Revision-free survival and complication rates were assessed and risk factors were analyzed with Cox-regression analysis.

Results
Medial gastrocnemius flaps had significant lower cumulative revision-free survival rates than local fasciocutaneous flaps (P = 0.021) and primary closures (P < 0.001) (42.5% vs. 71.5% vs. 100%,respectively). Comparing the most common complex closure procedures medial gastrocnemius flaps had the highest rate of prolonged wound healing (29.7%) and infection/reinfection (40.5%). Infection-associated flap procedures had significant lower cumulative revision-free survival rates (30.5%) than non-infection associated flap procedures (62.8%,P = 0.047). A history of more than two prior surgeries (HR = 6.11,P < 0.001) and an age ≥ 65 years (HR = 0.30,P = 0.018) significantly increased the risk of revision.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that primary closure -if possible- should be preferred to early proactive muscle flap coverage. Even in the hands of an experienced plastic surgeon muscle flaps have high revision and complication rates. The study highlights the need to clarify flap indications and to investigate alternative approaches.
Subthreshold micropulse laser combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for diabetic macular edema: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hosoya Hironori , Ueta Takashi , Hirasawa Kazunori , Toyama Taku , Shiraya Tomoyasu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effects of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) in addition to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for studies that compared anti-VEGF with SML and anti-VEGF monotherapy for DME. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and the number of anti-VEGF injections.

Results
Eight studies including 493 eyes were selected. Four studies were randomized controlled, and the other four were retrospective. Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in BCVA (mean difference [MD] -0.04; 95%CI -0.09 to 0.01 logMAR; P = 0.13;). CMT was thinner in the group of anti-VEGF with SML (MD -11.08; 95%CI -21.04 to -1.12 µm; P = 0.03); however, it was due to a single study that weighed higher, and the sensitivity and subcategory analyses did not support the finding. The number of anti-VEGF injections was significantly decreased in the group of anti-VEGF with SML (MD -2.22; 95%CI -3.02 to -1.42; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Current evidence indicates that adding SML to anti-VEGF therapy could significantly reduce the number of anti-VEGF injections compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy, while achieve similar BCVA and CMT.