bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein synthesis in plasma cells is regulated by crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR signaling
Authors: Goldfinger Meidan , Shmuel Miri , Benhamron Sandrine , Tirosh Boaz 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPlasma cells (PCs) secrete copious levels of immunoglobulins. To achieve this, their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) undergoes expansion in a process that requires continuous ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response. It is important that protein synthesis, the driver of ER stress, is regulated in a manner that does not induce apoptosis. We followed protein synthesis in murine splenic B cells activated in vitro with LPS. Total protein synthesis levels increased and then steeply decreased when the cells acquired a secretory phenotype. We explored the involvement of two mechanisms in controlling protein synthesis levels, namely ER stress‐mediated phosphorylation of eukaryote initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which attenuate or activate mRNA translation, respectively. We show that induction of ER stress in activated B cells counter‐intuitively led to dephosphorylation of eIF2α. Despite the reduction in phosphorylated eIF2α, expression of activating transcription factor 4, an effector of hyper eIF2α phosphorylation, was induced. In addition, ER stress attenuated the mTOR pathway, which ultimately reduced protein synthesis. Finally, B cells engineered to overactivate the mTOR pathway exhibited higher apoptosis in the course of LPS stimulation. We conclude that protein synthesis in PCs is controlled by an ER stress‐mediated mTOR regulation, which is needed for optimal cell viability.
Surgical management of radiation‐induced temporal lobe necrosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Report of 14 cases
Authors: Mou Yong‐gao , Sai Ke , Wang Zhen‐ning , Zhang Xiang‐heng , Lu Yan‐chun , Wei Da‐nian , Yang Qun‐ying , Chen Zhong‐ping 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundRadiation‐induced temporal lobe necrosis is a rare and serious late complication in irradiated patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Treatment of radiation‐induced temporal lobe necrosis with surgery has been seldom thoroughly investigated.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 14 patients with radiation‐induced temporal lobe necrosis treated with surgical intervention.ResultsRadiation‐induced temporal lobe necrosis presented as obvious cystic formation or as heterogeneous enhanced nodule on MRI. Among 3 patients with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) PET‐CT scan, increased uptake of 18F‐FDG was observed in 2 cases. Four patients were anesthestized nasotracheally and 1 was through tracheostomy during surgery because of other radiation complications, including trismus and skull base osteoradionecrosis. The temporal approach was applied in all cases, with the removal of bone flap in 11 patients. During follow‐up, 1 patient died of exhaustion.ConclusionsSurgery benefits selected patients with NPC with radiation‐induced temporal lobe necrosis. The goals of surgery are to relieve the increased intracranial pressure and to establish the accurate diagnosis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Efficacy of salvage neck dissection for isolated nodal recurrences in early carcinoma of oral tongue with watchful waiting management of initial N0 neck
Authors: Tsang Raymond King Yin , Chung Joseph Chun Kit , Howe To Victor Shing , Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Ho Wai Kuen , Wei William Ignace 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that salvage treatment may be effective for early tongue carcinoma with nodal failures after watchful waiting policy. We wanted to assess the efficacy of salvage neck dissection.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of all patients with pT1 and pT2 oral tongue cancer who underwent partial glossectomy without any neck surgery and determined the survival after salvage neck dissection in this group of patients.ResultsSeventy patients with N0 disease underwent partial glossectomy, 20 patients had development of isolated nodal failures after watchful waiting policy. Apart from the initial T classification, which found to have significant difference in 5‐year disease specific survival rate (100% vs 46%, p = .023); other parameters including age, sex, tumor thickness, adjuvant radiotherapy and rN classification had shown no significance in affecting survival.ConclusionsSalvage neck dissection may not be effective for controlling isolated nodal recurrence in patients with oral tongue carcinoma with T2 disease. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
New aspects of the Slug Mucosal Irritation assay: predicting nasal stinging, itching and burning sensations
Authors: Lenoir Joke , Adriaens Els , Remon Jean‐Paul 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTStinging, itching and/or burning (SIB) sensations cannot be detected by animal tests or in vitro models. In the past, the Slug Mucosal Irritation (SMI) assay demonstrated a relation between an increased mucus production in slugs and an elevated incidence of SIB sensations in humans. A new 1‐day SMI test procedure was developed focusing on the prediction of these short‐term sensations. The objective of this study was to verify whether this new procedure is capable predicting mucosal tolerance of several marketed nasal formulations using the slug Arion lusitanicus. Irritation and tissue damage were quantified with a 5‐day repeated exposure study by means of the mucus produced and proteins and enzymes released. The new protocol predicted SIB sensations by means of mucus production. The effects of six liquid nasal formulations were tested with both protocols, while five physiologic saline solutions were only tested with the new protocol to optimize it. None of the tested liquid nasal formulations resulted in tissue damage; however, exposure to the different formulations had a clear effect on the mucus production of the slugs and moderate discomfort was observed in some cases. These effects were due to the active ingredient, the presence of benzalkonium chloride as a preservative or the hyperosmolality of the formulation. For the most part results agreed with clinical data found in literature. It was concluded that the SMI assay, and the new 1‐day protocol in particular, is a good tool to predict nasal clinical discomfort. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functions of Runx in IgA class switch recombination
Authors: Sugai Manabu , Watanabe Kakeru , Nambu Yukiko , Hayashi Tatsunari , Shimizu Akira 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRunt‐related (Runx) transcriptional regulators play essential roles in various cell fate determination processes, and dysfunction of these regulators causes many human diseases. Considerable insight into the functions of Runx proteins was provided mainly by studies of hematopoietic and skeletal disorders. Recently, extensive investigations have revealed new functions of these transcription factors in immune cell differentiation and functioning. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms of selective IgA production in the intestine and report the involvement of Runx proteins in this process. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 409–414, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of trypsin activity by peptide fraction of an aqueous extract of human placenta used as wound healer
Authors: De Debashree , Chakraborty Piyali Datta , Bhattacharyya Debasish 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn aqueous extract of human placenta, used as wound healer, shows stabilization of trypsin against autodigestion as one of the peptides of the extract binds very strongly with the protease. Trypsin retains 40% of activity at constant level between 20 and 26 days in presence of the extract against complete inactivation in its absence. Inhibition of esterolytic activity and inability to react with p‐nitrophenyl‐p'‐guanidinobenzoate, HCl, an active site directed reagent, by trypsin in presence of a peptide fraction of the extract indicated blocking of the catalytic site of the enzyme. Rayleigh scattering, size‐exclusion HPLC, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and surface plasmon resonance show that fibronectin type III‐like peptide present in the extract interacts with trypsin. The peptide–trypsin complex is dissociated in presence of high concentration of substrates. Thus, regulation of trypsin activity by the placental extract is evident. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2033–2040, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SH2B1β regulates N‐cadherin levels, cell–cell adhesion and nerve growth factor‐induced neurite initiation
Authors: Wang Tien‐Cheng , Li Yi‐Hsuan , Chen Kuan‐Wei , Chen Ching‐Jen , Wu Chia‐Ling , Teng Nan‐Yuan , Chen Linyi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractLittle is known regarding the role of inter‐cellular interaction during neuronal differentiation. Homophilic N‐cadherin engagement between cells contributes to neuronal migration. However, its function in neurite initiation is not clear. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the adaptor protein SH2B1β regulated N‐cadherin levels and neurite initiation. Overexpression of SH2B1β reduces N‐cadherin levels and increased phosphotyrosine 654 β‐catenin, leading to increased nerve growth factor‐induced neurite initiation in PC12 cells, an established model for neuronal differentiation. In contrast, overexpression of the dominant‐negative mutant SH2B1β(R555E) increases N‐cadherin expression, cell–cell aggregation, and reduces neurite initiation. Moreover, SH2B1β binds directly or indirectly to N‐cadherin indicative of its involvement in regulating the levels of N‐cadherin. Taken together, these findings provide significant new insights into how N‐cadherin‐mediated inter‐cellular interactions may influence neurite initiation and how SH2B1β may regulate these processes. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2063–2074, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Signal transduction pathways involved in PPARβ/δ‐induced neuronal differentiation
Authors: D'Angelo B. , Benedetti E. , Di Loreto S. , Cristiano L. , Laurenti G. , Cerù M.P. , Cimini A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractNeuroblastomas are pediatric tumors originating from neuroblasts in the developing peripheral nervous system. The neurotrophin brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key regulator of survival and differentiation of specific neuronal populations in the central and peripheral nervous system. Patients whose neuroblastoma tumors express high levels of BDNF and TrkB have an unfavorable prognosis. We have previously reported on the neuronal differentiating activity of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR)β/δ natural and synthetic ligands by modulating BDNF/TrkB pathway, suggesting their potential use as new therapeutic strategies for neuroblastoma. The validation of new therapeutic agents implies the understanding of their mechanisms of action. Herein, we report the effects of activated‐PPARβ/δ on signal transduction pathways known to be involved in neuronal differentiation, such as ERK1,2 and BDNF pathways. The results obtained, using also PPARβ/δ silencing, indicating a neuronal differentiating effect PPARβ/δ‐dependent through BDNF‐P75‐ERK1,2 pathways, further support a role for PPARβ/δ in neuronal differentiation and pointing towards PPARβ/δ as a modulator of pathways crucial for neuronal differentiation. These findings open new perspectives in the formulation of potential therapeutic approaches to be used as adjuvant treatment with the standard therapies. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 2170–2180, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Instrumental and expressive violence in Belgian homicide perpetrators
Authors: Thijssen Jill , de Ruiter Corine 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine offender types in a sample of Belgian single‐perpetrator/single‐victim homicide cases. First, it was investigated if the distinction between instrumental and expressive aggression could be documented in crime scene and offender background characteristics. Second, the instrumental and expressive themes from the first analysis were examined in relation to the motives the perpetrators themselves provided for their offence. A sample of 97 solved homicide cases was analysed using the non‐metric multidimensional scaling procedure Proxscal. The results revealed that 62% of the homicide crime scenes and 67% of the offender backgrounds could be classified as either expressive or instrumental. The self‐reported motives did not correspond with the themes according to the Proxscal analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteins, Lipids, and Water in the Gas Phase
Authors: van der Spoel David , Marklund Erik G. , Larsson Daniel S. D. , Caleman Carl 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEvidence from mass‐spectrometry experiments and molecular dynamics simulations suggests that it is possible to transfer proteins, or in general biomolecular aggregates, from solution to the gas‐phase without grave impact on the structure. If correct, this allows interpretation of such experiments as a probe of physiological behavior. Here, we survey recent experimental results from mass spectrometry and ion‐mobility spectroscopy and combine this with observations based on molecular dynamics simulation, in order to give a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in gas‐phase studies. We introduce a new concept in protein structure analysis by determining the fraction of the theoretical possible numbers of hydrogen bonds that are formed in solution and in the gas‐phase. In solution on average 43% of the hydrogen bonds is realized, while in vacuo this fraction increases to 56%. The hydrogen bonds stabilizing the secondary structure (α‐helices, β‐sheets) are maintained to a large degree, with additional hydrogen bonds occurring when side chains make new hydrogen bonds to rest of the protein rather than to solvent. This indicates that proteins that are transported to the gas phase in a native‐like manner in many cases will be kinetically trapped in near‐physiological structures. Simulation results for lipid‐ and detergent‐aggregates and lipid‐coated (membrane) proteins in the gas phase are discussed, which in general point to the conclusion that encapsulating proteins in “something” aids in the conservation of native‐like structure. Isolated solvated micelles of cetyl‐tetraammonium bromide quickly turn into reverse micelles whereas dodecyl phosphocholine micelles undergo much slower conversions, and do not quite reach a reverse micelle conformation within 100 ns. magnified image
Biochemikalien aus Biomasse
Authors: Dambroth M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDer folgende Beitrag von Prof. M. Dumbroth, dem Leiter des Instituts für Pflanzenbau und Pflanzenzüchtung der Bundesforschungsanstalt fü Landwirtschaft in Braunschweig‐Völkenrode, ergänzt den Leitartikel zum gleichen Thema von Prof. K. H. Büchel [vgl. diese Nachr. 28, 715 (1979)] und stellt das Problem vor allem fü unsere gemäßigte Klimazone dar.
Weniger ÖI, alternative Polymere
Authors: Karger Gerhard 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEine Antwort auf hohe Rohstoffpreise in der Kunststoffproduktion ist die Copolymerisation der wohlfeilen technischen Monomere Kohlenmonoxid und Propylenoxid zu Polyhydroxybutyraten. Die Methode entstammt einem Hochschule‐Industrie‐Projekt, das gerade mit dem Philip‐Morris‐Forschungspreis ausgezeichnet wurde. Mit einem der Kooperationspartner, Bernhard Rieger von der Universität Ulm, sprachen die Nachrichten aus der Chemie.
Aptamersensoren
Authors: Schmidt Cordula 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDer ideale Sensor wäre ein idiotensicheres Gerät im Bleistiftformat, das sich ohne Zusatz von Reagentien jederzeit und überall einsetzen ließe, mit „schmutzigen”︁ Proben fertig würde und leicht abzulesen wäre. Durch Kombination von DNA und Elektrochemie sind einige Forscher diesem Ideal bereits sehr nahe gekommen.
Elevated GnRH receptor expression plus GnRH agonist treatment inhibits the growth of a subset of papillomavirus 18‐immortalized human prostate cells
Authors: Morgan Kevin , Stavrou Emmanouil , Leighton Samuel P. , Miller Nicola , Sellar Robin , Millar Robert P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND AND AIMSHuman metastatic prostate cancer cell growth can be inhibited by GnRH analogs but effects on virus‐immortalized prostate cells have not been investigated.METHODSVirus‐immortalized prostate cells were stably transfected with rat GnRH receptor cDNA and levels of GnRH binding were correlated with GnRH effects on signaling, cell cycle, growth, exosome production, and apoptosis.RESULTSHigh levels of cell surface GnRH receptor occurred in transfected papillomavirus‐immortalized WPE‐1‐NB26 epithelial cells but not in non‐tumourigenic RWPE‐1, myoepithelial WPMY‐1 cells, or SV40‐immortalized PNT1A. Endogenous cell surface GnRH receptor was undetectable in non‐transfected cells or cancer cell lines LNCaP, PC3, and DU145. GnRH receptor levels correlated with induction of inositol phosphates, elevation of intracellular Ca2+, cytoskeletal actin reorganization, modulation of ERK activation and cell growth‐inhibition with GnRH agonists. Hoechst 33342 DNA staining‐cell sorting indicated accumulation of cells in G2 following agonist treatment. Release of exosomes from transfected WPE‐1‐NB26 was unaffected by agonists, unlike induction observed in HEK293[SCL60] cells. Increased PARP cleavage and apoptotic body production were undetectable during growth‐inhibition in WPE‐1‐NB26 cells, contrasting with HEK293[SCL60]. EGF receptor activation inhibited GnRH‐induced ERK activation in WPE‐1‐NB26 but growth‐inhibition was not rescued by EGF or PKC inhibitor Ro320432. Growth of cells expressing low levels of GnRH receptor was not affected by agonists.CONCLUSIONSEngineered high‐level GnRH receptor activation inhibits growth of a subset of papillomavirus‐immortalized prostate cells. Elucidating mechanisms leading to clone‐specific differences in cell surface GnRH receptor levels is a valuable next step in developing strategies to exploit prostate cell anti‐proliferation using GnRH agonists. Prostate 71: 915–928, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracellular uptake of (‐)epicatechin by human erythrocytes as a function of human age
Authors: Maurya Pawan Kumar , Prakash Siya 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe present studies were carried out to determine the intracellular uptake of (‐)epicatechin by erythrocytes during aging in humans. (‐)Epicatechin uptake was estimated by performing ethyl acetate extraction while the total antioxidant potential of the (‐)epicatechin was estimated in terms of FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) values. A significant (p < 0.001) decrease in (‐)epicatechin uptake by human erythrocytes was observed as a function of age. It is hypothesized that the uptake of (‐)epicatechin in human erythrocytes has an important role in the regulation of PMRS (plasma membrane redox system) activity during normal human aging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘Workaholism’ and potential outcomes in well‐being and health in a cross‐occupational sample
Authors: Andreassen Cecilie Schou , Hetland Jørn , Molde Helge , Pallesen Ståle 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis study examined ‘workaholism’ components (work involvement, drive, enjoyment of work) and potential outcomes in terms of psychological well‐being and health. A sample of 661 Norwegian cross‐occupational employees from six different organizations completed an online questionnaire measuring ‘workaholism’, job satisfaction, life satisfaction, insomnia and subjective health complaints. A short version of the Norwegian‐translated Workaholism Battery showed significant relationships with reports of psychological well‐being and subjective health. Enjoyment of work was positively associated with job and life satisfaction and negatively associated with symptoms of poor health. Work involvement and drive were the strongest predictors of job dissatisfaction. Both were positively related to symptoms of poor health. Drive was, in addition, negatively associated with life satisfaction. The results showed that it is important to discriminate between different ‘workaholic’ features when investigating associations between ‘workaholism’ and potential outcomes, which were related in predictable ways to outcomes in terms of psychological well‐being and health. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in Aqueous Extraction Processing of Soybeans
Authors: Campbell K. A. , Glatz C. E. , Johnson L. A. , Jung S. , de Moura J. M. N. , Kapchie V. , Murphy P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAqueous extraction processing technologies, having advanced in recent years, may be a viable alternative to hexane extraction to separate oil and protein from soybeans. Different extraction strategies incorporating various modes of comminution, extraction buffers, and enzymes allow production of a range of oil and protein products, but also create different processing challenges. Processes capable of achieving high free oil yields often result in a soluble protein fraction difficult to isolate and dilute oil emulsions difficult to break. Other processes can achieve high yields and purities of native soy protein, but with reduced free oil yield or require a high osmotic and ionic strength extraction buffer. This review article discusses these various advanced processes and their relative advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the current understanding of the underlying fundamental concepts of aqueous extraction is discussed in order to help direct future investigations to improve these technologies.
Cross‐Linking of Lipases Adsorbed on Hydrophobic Supports: Highly Selective Hydrolysis of Fish Oil Catalyzed by RML
Authors: Fernandez‐Lorente Gloria , Filice Marco , Lopez‐Vela Dolores , Pizarro Carolina , Wilson Lorena , Betancor Lorena , Avila Yanoska , Guisan Jose M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOrganic cosolvents may improve the properties of lipases (e.g., selectivity); however, organic cosolvents also promote the desorption of the enzyme from its hydrophobic supports. In this study, adsorbed lipase molecules were cross‐linked with polyfunctional polymers, such as aldehyde‐dextrans, to prevent this desorption. The desorption of adsorbed lipases was greatly reduced by optimizing the polymer size, polymer/lipase ratio, and cross‐linking time. More than 95% of cross‐linked, immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML) remained adsorbed on the support after washing with cosolvents or detergents. This new, immobilized RML preparation mediated the hydrolysis of sardine oil in the presence of organic cosolvents. The presence of cosolvents promoted small losses of hydrolytic activity. Interestingly, however, 50% 2‐propanol also promoted increased selectivity in the release of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in relation to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). An EPA/DHA ratio of 4:1 in the absence of 2‐propanol was increased to a ratio of 22:1 in the presence of 2‐propanol. The new RML derivatives were relatively stable under the selected reaction conditions. Their overall half‐life was 100 h, but, in a second inactivation phase (below 60% of remaining activity), it took 600 h to reach 30% of their remaining activity.