bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The solubility of ethane in triethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Authors: Henni Amr , Mather Alan E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe solubility of ethane in triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TEGMME) has been measured at 40, 70 and 100°C at pressures up to 9.2 MPa. The solubility data obtained are compared with those of ethane in other physical solvents. The results were correlated with the Peng‐Robinson (1976) equation of state and the interaction parameters were obtained. Henry's constants were also determined.
Detection and analysis of transition from annular to intermittent flow in vertical tubes
Authors: Das Ramkrishna , Pattanayak S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn vertical co‐current gas‐liquid flow, the transition from annular to intermittent flow occurs when gas core becomes interrupted by liquid bridges due to the instability of the interfacial capillary waves. An analytical model is formulated to explain the liquid bridging in terms of the growth of finite amplitude interfacial capillary waves. Experimental results show that the longest wave length, which is associated with the transition, is about eight times the wave length of waves moving with the velocity of the liquid film.
The effects of polystyrene beads and nylon fibres on the permeability of compressed wood fibre pads
Authors: Chan A. K. T. , Pelton R. H. , Zhu S. , Baird M. H. I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe influence of polystyrene beads (80 μm) and nylon fibres on the water permeability of bleached kraft wood pulp fibre pads was measured and the results were regressed to the Kozeny‐Carman equation. SEM micrographs of pad cross sections showed that the beads, which were uniformly distributed, had little effect on pad structure whereas the long rigid nylon fibres made the pads more difficult to compress.The pad specific surface areas and swollen volumes were linear functions of the content of beads or nylon fibres. This suggests that the fibre pad permeability characteristics could be adequately modeled from the linear superposition of geometric properties of the pad constituents.
Etude théorique du refroidissement et de la protection d'une paroi plane inclinée par un film liquide ruisselant en présence d'un écoulement gazeux
Authors: Daïf A. , Agunaoun A. , Grisenti M. , Ilidrissi A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe main purpose of this research is the interest in gas–liquid interfacial heat and mass transfer. The investigation is of a much broader interest because it relates to the basic problem of the interaction of a gas stream and a thin liquid film, a situation that is frequently encountered in engineering. A numerical method is presented which allows to treat the film running on a plane or cylindrical plate with an exact localisation of the gas–liquid interface. The application of this model in the case of an inclined plate shows the effectiveness by a liquid film of protecting an insulated plate from injurious effects of the hot gases. When an important hot flux is imposed to the plate, the temperature elevation can be controlled. Comparisons with numerical results of other authors are satisfying.
Batch drying kinetics of corn in a novel rotating jet spouted bed
Authors: Jumah R. Y. , Mujumdar A. S. , Raghavan G. S. V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe batch drying kinetics of corn as a test material were investigated experimentally in a novel rotating jet spouted bed (RJSB) using both continuous and intermittent (on/off) spouting and heating schemes. The parameters investigated include inlet air temperature, bed height, superficial air velocity, nozzle diameter, distributor rotational speed and intermittency of spouting and heat input. The results indicate that the drying kinetics are comparable with conventional spouted and fluidized beds for slow drying materials and that intermittent drying can save up to 40% of the thermal energy as well as air consumption with better quality product.
Effect of temperature on recombinant protein production using the Bm5/Bm5.NPV expression system
Authors: Andersen J. N. , Sriram P. G. , Kalogerakis N. , Behie L. A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of experiments have been conducted using a recombinant baculovirus/insect cell expression system (Bm5/Bm5.NPV.CAT) to establish the optimum temperature for both cell growth and virus infection. Bm5 cell growth was found to be limited at temperatures below 22°C and ceased completely at temperatures above 34°C. In the range between 24 and 28°C, final cell densities always reached 96% of the highest achievable viable cell density. The shortest population doubling time was obtained at 28°C. Overall, a consistent increase in metabolism with increasing temperatures was observed. During the infection/viral replication phase, an increase in the temperature from 25 to 31°C resulted in a faster decrease in viable cell density and an earlier production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Furthermore, protein yield at temperatures above 28°C was significantly reduced. Overall, the best temperature for the infection phase for the Bm5/Bm5.NPV expression system was found to be 25°C when the cells are cultured in serum free media.
Side‐outlet spouted bed with draft tube: Effect of varying the position of the outlet
Authors: Brereton C. M. H. , Epstein N. , Grace J. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe vector form of the Ergun equation was used to numerically predict gas phase streamlines, residence time distributions, chemical conversions and pressure drops in the annulus of a side‐outlet spouted bed with an internal draft tube. By varying the position of the side‐outlet, it was demonstrated that there exists an optimum location for this outlet at which conversion is a maximum and which shows a greatly improved gas phase residence time distribution in the annulus compared with a conventional spouted bed unit.
Wave phenomena in the packed‐bed reactor: Their relation to the differential‐flow instability
Authors: Yakhnin V. Z. , Rovinsky A. B. , Menzinger M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe steady state of a non‐isothermal packed‐bed reactor (PBR) is convectively unstable in the sense that upstream perturbations are amplified in the course of their downstream propagation before they are washed out by the flow. The differential‐flow instability (DIFI) that underlies this dynamics arises from the different rates of transport of heat and matter in the PBR and from the autocatalytic nature of the reaction heat. In the PBR with recycle, the DIFI has an absolute character and it results in self‐sustained, periodic wave activity. The DIFI‐concept provides a theoretical framework for interpreting and analysing several types of wave phenomena in PBRs.
Coalescence model of particles in coaxial impinging streams
Authors: Berman Yuli , Tamir Abraham 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCoalescence is mainly affected by particle‐to‐particle collisions. A new model based on an equation expressing the condition for interparticle collision rate as well as the equation of motion of a single particle, has been developed for coaxial impinging streams. The model assumes that coalescence takes place only between small and large particles. In addition to the drag force usually influencing the behavior in impinging streams, the force acting on a large particle due to its collisions with small particles, has also been accounted for in the equation of motion. The effect of the change of the mass of the large particles on the acceleration due to coalescence with small particles, has also been included in the model. The model enables one to predict the composition of the product after coalescence from the composition of the feed and the operating conditions of the coalescentor.
Étude du refroidissement avec solidification d'un fluide pseudoplastique thermodépendant
Authors: Tafkir S. , Nouar C. , Lebouché M. , Devienne R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOn étudie numériquement et expérimentalement le transfert thermique dans le cas de fluides pseudoplastiques très consistants s'écoulant à l'intérieur d'une canalisation cylindrique horizontale, l'extérieur de la canalisation étant soumise à un échange convectif considéré comme constant. Le cas envisagé étant celui du refroidissement, il doit ětre tenu compte de l'apparition éventuelle d'un dépǒt de glace. De plus, les variations des propriétés rhéologiques avec la température ont été prises en compte.
Characterization of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes by an automated system
Authors: Kusberg D. J. C. , Lebrun R. E. , Kumar A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNanofiltration membranes have been characterized by computer controlled permeation experiments to provide certified results. This method records a real‐time history of operating conditions and allows the incorporation of variations in the calculations of derived parameters. The effects of temperature and physical properties of feed on permeation have been evaluated and incorporated in models describing fluid flow trough membranes. As the influence of initial experimental conditions in nanofiltration is very significant, a method based on system mass‐transfer coefficient is proposed in order to verify the accuracy of the results.
Ammonia decomposition in coal gasification atmospheres
Authors: Chambers Allan , Yoshii Yasuo , Inada Tooru , Miyamoto Tomohiko 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAmmonia present in the product gas from coal gasification may increase NOx emissions from IGCC systems. A fixed bed reactor was used to study the effect of calcined limestone (CaO) on NH3 decomposition and reaction of NH3 and NO. Reactions at temperatures to 900°C in helium and in gas compositions typical of air‐blown gasifiers were studied. Although CaO enhanced ammonia decomposition in helium, reaction in the gasification atmosphere resulted in the loss of this catalytic activity. Increasing the total pressure further reduced the rate of NH3 decomposition. CaO enhanced conversion of NO to NH3 in gasification atmospheres.
Process control utilizing data based multivariate statistical models
Authors: Chen Gang , Mcavoy Thomas J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA process control approach using steady state multivariate statistical models is presented. The goal of this control approach is to improve product quality when the quality measurements are not available on line, or they have long time delays. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to compress information from the process measurements down to a lower dimensional score space, where a control goal is specified using the approach of Piovoso and Kosanovich (1992). A new statistical controller is designed to control the equivalent score space representation of the process. The issue of how to account for the correlation structure of input variables when closing a feedback loop around the PCA model is specifically addressed. A binary distillation column and the Tennessee Eastman process are used for demonstrating the new control approach.
Kinetics of peracetic acid decomposition: Part I: Spontaneous decomposition at typical pulp bleaching conditions
Authors: Yuan Z. , Ni Y. , Van Heiningen A. R. P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPeracetic acid may become one of alternative non‐chlorine bleaching chemicals in the production of fully bleached chemical pulps. In this paper, the stability of peracetic acid was studied in an aqueous solution under conditions most likely encountered in the industrial processes. It was found that three potential reactions, namely i) the spontaneous decomposition, ii) the hydrolysis and iii) the transition metal catalyzed decomposition, are responsible for the consumption of peracetic acid. Furthermore, the kinetics of the spontaneous decomposition was developed. It was found that the reaction follows a second‐order kinetics with the maximum rate at pH 8.2, which is the pKa of peracetic acid. Finally, the developed kinetic equation can describe very well the experimental results obtained in this study as well as the earlier data from Koubek (1964).
The role of poly (ethylene oxide)‐water solution phase behaviour in the retention of fibre fines and clay
Authors: Khoultchaev Khizyr K H. , Kerekes Richard J. , Englezos Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe retention of fibre fines and clay particles in chemi‐thermo‐mechanical pulp (CTMP) suspensions with poly (ethylene oxide) as a retention aid was investigated. The experiments were conducted at 303 and 343 K. These two temperatures correspond to points below and above the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST) of a 0.005 mass% Poly (ethylene oxide) solution in the presence of 2 mol/L KCl. The KCl was added to lower the LCST to a temperature near papermaking conditions. Poly (ethylene oxide) with molar masses of 1 × 106 and 5 × 106 Da was used.All the LCST measurements of the poly (ethylene oxide)‐KCl system agree with those in the literature. The retention study revealed that considerably more fibre fines as well as clay are retained at temperatures above the LCST. In particular, the average fibre fines retention was 5.9 percent at 303 K and 22.1 percent at 343 K when the poly (ethylene oxide) with the molar mass of 1 × 106 Da was used. Clay retention was also measured and found to be 5.0 and 15.9% at 303 and 343 K, respectively. Higher retention values were obtained when the polymer with a molar mass of 5 × 106 Da was used. At 303 K the fibre fines retention was 55.0%, whereas at 343 K it was 82.2%. The corresponding clay retentions were 31.7 and 71.9%.
Vapour permeation applied for the separation of water from organic compounds and gases using asymmetric polyetherimide/polyvinylpyrrolidone capillary tubes
Authors: Cranford R. J. , Roy C. , Matsuura T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAsymmetric integrally skinned capillary tubes were produced from the polymers PEI (polyetherimide) and PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) for vapour permeation modules which were applied for the separation of water from organic compounds and gases. Water treatment and recovery of desirable organic compounds was achieved. The capillary tubes had intrinsic permeability coefficients of 7.5 × 10−7 mol/m2·s·Pa for water and 1.6 × 10−9 mol/m2·s·Pa for 1‐propanol for a 1:1 mass ratio vapour feed mixture under pyrolysis conditions. The vapour was fed at the interior of the capillary tubes with total pressure of 30 kPa; the permeate total pressure was 14 kPa, and the temperature was 86°C. Modules, with surface areas up to 1.0 m2, were constructed and tested with feed flow rates as high as 4 kg/h with a process development unit. Tests were performed with the vapours from wood chips and contaminated soils subjected to vacuum pyrolysis.
Viscosimetric studies on 2‐methoxyethanol + 1,2‐dimethoxyethane binary mixtures from −10 to 80°c
Authors: Corradini Fulvio , Franchini Giancarlo , Marchetti Andrea , Tagliazucchi Mara , Tassi Lorenzo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe kinematic viscosities (v) were measured for nine binary solvent mixtures of 2‐methoxyethanol (ME) + 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) at nineteen temperatures ranging from −10 to +80°C. The experimental data have been used to test some empirical equations of the type v = v(T), v = v(X1) and v = v(T, X1). The viscosities of all the mixtures increase from the values of pure DME to that of ME as the mole fraction of ME increases, and always yield a negative excess property (vE) at all the investigated temperatures. Furthermore, thermodynamic parameters of viscous flow have been evaluated on the basis of the Eyring theory. The excess free energy of activation of viscous flow (ΔGE) vs X2 plot suggests the presence of a stable hetero‐adduct, having ME : DME = 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio.
Reactive extraction of 6‐aminopenicillanic acid with aliquat‐336: Equilibrium and kinetics
Authors: Bora M. M. , Ghosh A. C. , Dutta N. N. , Mathur R. K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reactive extraction of 6‐aminopenicillanic acid (6‐APA) from aqueous buffer solution has been studied using a liquid anion exchanger, tricaprylylmethyl ammonium chloride (Aliquat‐336) in n‐butyl acetate as the solvent. The extraction equilibrium constant and partition coefficient increase with increase in pH up to a limiting value of pH, beyond which extraction decreases due to coextraction of OH− and buffer anions and hydrolytic decomposition of 6‐APA. The experimental data could be predicted from an equilibrium model which takes into account the ideal behaviour of the two liquid phases. The coextraction of the buffer anion under low pH conditions was found to be negligible. The extraction rate measured in a stirred cell of constant interfacial area appears to be dependent on the interfacial mass transfer of the reactive species as well as on the interfacial reaction through its dependence on the concentration of 6‐APA in the aqueous and organic phases, respectively.
Gassed power draw of mixed impeller systems
Authors: Myers Kevin J. , Russell Molly I. , Bakker André 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA technique is proposed to predict the gassed power draw of mixed impeller systems as a weighted average of the gassed power draws of the individual impellers. The success of this method requires determining the gassed power draws of the individual impellers in the proper gassed environment. In the case of the upper impellers, this environment is provided by a rubber membrane sparger that distributes the gas evenly over the vessel cross section. Extensive comparisons of experimental gassed power draws of mixed impeller systems with model predictions verify the accuracy of the proposed technique.
Angular porosity distributions in fixed packed beds of low diameter aspect ratio
Authors: Mueller Gary E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe angular porosity distribution for fixed packed beds of monosized spheres in cylindrical containers with low diameter aspect ratios (1 ≤ D/d ≤ 2) is determined from the spheres' center coordinates. By dividing the packed bed into a large number of identical wedge‐shaped segments, the angular porosity distribution is established from the local angular porosity and the angular positions within the cylindrical container. A correlation which accurately predicts the local angular porosity is determined from the angular porosity distributions. The correlation is a function of D/d and the angular position in the cylindrical container.
The determination of possibility of multiple steady states for complex catalytic reactions in an isothermal CSTR
Authors: Li Hsing‐Ya 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA class of complex reaction networks with deficiency from two to six, involving isothermal catalytic reactions in a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR), is determined to have the capacity to admit multiple positive steady states by implementation of the combination of the Deficiency One Algorithm and the Subnetwork Corollary. A set of rate constants and two corresponding positive steady states, one stable and the other one unstable, are constructed for four examples.
Mathematical modelling of formation heat treatment process
Authors: Jamaluddin A. K. M. , Bowen C. T. , Hasan M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA novel matrix stimulation concept, formation heat treatment (FHT), which involves the application of intense heat around the near‐wellbore region for the treatment of water blockage and clay related formation damage in water sensitive formations previously was developed and presented in the literature. The FHT process involves the application of intense heat around the wellbore using a downhole heater. The heat is conveyed to the near‐wellbore region using an inert gas flowing through a downhole heater.To understand the heat transfer and fluid‐flow characteristics of the FHT process, a transient two‐dimensional mathematical model has been developed and is presented in this paper. The model is based on coupling the momentum and energy‐balance equations for the wellbore gas with the surrounding porous formation. The presence of the heater across the net pay (sandface) is taken into account in the energy equation as a localized volumetric heat source. A control‐volume based finite‐difference scheme is used to solve the model equations on a staggered grid. Parametric studies indicate that by injecting a suitable quantity of gas through the tube and annulus, and by adjusting the power input to the downhole heater, the temperature near the wellbore can be favourably controlled.
Study of the molar mass of grafted polystyrene onto cellulose by the probability indices optimization
Authors: Statiukha O. , Bataille P. , Statiukha G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGraft polymerization of styrene onto cellulose was investigated using ceric ions redox systems as initiator. The effects of reactant concentrations and of processing variables on the molar mass of grafted styrene on the cellulose were studied. A statistical model with the D‐optimal design was used to describe the system. The optimum polystyrene molar mass obtained by simulation was compared to experimental data. The optimal reaction conditions for such a reaction were determined.
Wall effects on terminal velocity of small drops in newtonian and non‐newtonian fluids
Authors: Chhabra R. P. , Bangun J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis work investigated the extent of the wall effects on the free falling velocity of fluid spheres in quiescent Newtonian and pseudoplastic non‐Newtonian media. The terminal velocity has been measured as a function of the physical properties of the both dispersed and continuous phases, and of falling tube diameter. It is shown that inthecreeDing flow region (Re « 1) and for the conditions when the viscosity of the dispersed phase is much smaller khan khat of khe continuous phase, the extent of wall effect is determined only by the ratio of the sizes of the settling fluid sphere and of the vessel. The same analytical relation correlates well the data for both Newtonian and non Newtonian continuous media in the range d/D < 0.45.
Ejector performance in a co‐current gas‐liquid downflow bubble column
Authors: Kundu Gautam , Mukherjee Dibyendu , Mitra Arun K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPerformance of an ejector system in a two‐phase downflow bubble column has been evaluated with respect to the energy dissipation during coaxial flow of liquid and gas in a parallel throat and divergent diffiser and during gas—liquid mixing in the column. Experiments were carried out in a 51.6 mm i.d. column with five different nozzles. Three systems, namely air—water, air‐kerosene and air—paraffin were used. Correlations have been developed for predicting the ejector loss coefficient as well as mixing loss coefficient as a function of different physical and dynamic variables of the system.
Influence of phase orientation on dynamic interfacial tension measured by drop volume tensiometry
Authors: Wu Dongmin , Hornof Vladimir 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn processes involving two liquid phases, such as enhanced oil recovery, one phase is often present in a drop form (drop phase) while the other is in continuous form (bulk phase). In the present paper, the effect of such phase orientation on dynamic interfacial tension between the two phases formed by the partially miscible system composed of butanol‐1 and water has been investigated by using the method of drop volume tensiometry. With butanol‐rich (butanol‐1 saturated by water) as the drop phase and water‐rich (water saturated by butanol‐1) as the bulk phase, the interfacial tension is 1.70 ± 0.02 mN/m. The interfacial tension for water‐rich as the drop phase is almost identical at 1.72 ± 0.03 mN/m. Addition of a surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, to the system has been studied. When the surfactant is added to the drop phase (either butanol‐rich or water‐rich), the magnitude of the decrease in interfacial tension is smaller than when surfactant is added to the bulk phase (water‐rich or butanol‐rich) or to both phases. Under otherwise identical conditions, when the water‐rich acts as the drop phase, the apparent interfacial tension is higher than that when the butanol‐rich acts as the drop phase.