bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Database‐aided ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry putatively identifies 16 unexpected compounds and three anticounterfeiting pharmacopoeia quality markers for Perillae Fructus
Authors: Chen Ban , Liu Shuangshuang , Li Xican , Cai Rongxin , Li Chunhou , Hu Yuchen , Su Jiangtao , Lei Tongxun 
Published: May 2024

RationalePerillae Fructus (PF) is a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of asthma. It has not been effectively characterized by rosmarinic acid (RosA), which is currently designed as the sole quality indicator in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.MethodsThis study introduced a database‐aided ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole‐Exactive‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap MS/MS) technology to putatively identify the compounds in PF, followed by literature research, quantum chemical calculation, and molecular docking to screen potential quality markers (Q‐markers) of PF.ResultsA total of 27 compounds were putatively identified, 16 of which had not been previously found from PF. In particular, matrine, scopolamine, and RosA showed relatively high levels of content, stability, and drug‐likeness. They exhibited interactions with the asthma‐related target and demonstrated the TCM properties of PF.ConclusionsThe database‐aided UHPLC/Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap MS/MS can identify at least 27 compounds in PF. Of these, 16 compounds are unexpected, and three compounds (matrine, scopolamine, and RosA) should be considered anticounterfeiting pharmacopoeia Q‐markers of PF.
Predictor‐based collision‐free and connectivity‐preserving resilient formation control for multi‐agent systems under sensor deception attacks
Authors: Yang Yang , Shu Zhou , Liu Qidong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMalicious attack is a potential threat to collision‐free and connectivity‐preserving formation. In this article, a predictor‐based collision‐free and connectivity‐preserving resilient formation control strategy is proposed for a class of multi‐agent systems under sensor deception attacks. The predictor states are constructed to replace original states in the control strategy, and a novel attack compensator is constructed to suppress sensor deception attacks. Prediction errors, instead of compromised errors, are introduced to update weights of radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). To achieve collision avoidance and connectivity preservation, a transformation function in logarithmic form is introduced. To avoid static and dynamic obstacles, an improved artificial potential function (APF) combined with their velocity information is constructed. Furthermore, to solve the local minimum problem in the combining of transformation function and APF, a virtual force is added. Based on the Lyapunov function, all closed‐loop signals are bounded and collision‐free and connectivity‐preserving formation is achieved. The simulation related to a group of quadrotors verifies the effectiveness of the proposed resilient control strategy.
Predefined‐time tracking control of multiplicative systems
Authors: Muñoz‐Vázquez Aldo Jonathan , Sánchez‐Torres Juan Diego , Fernández‐Anaya Guillermo , Martínez‐Fuentes Oscar 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTThis article describes a control approach for obtaining predefined‐time robust tracking in multiplicative systems despite positive, bounded, and unknown multiplicative disturbances. The proposed approach is distinguished by imposing predefined‐time convergence, a topic previously studied in conventional calculus in the context of multiplicative systems. Multiplicative calculus is recognized as a beneficial tool that complements standard calculus by simplifying the modeling and comprehension of numerous processes. Simulations are carried out to illustrate that the given control strategy enforces convergence before a predefined time instant and, while inducing robustness against system uncertainties. The findings of this article pave the way for further research into predefined‐time synchronization of multiplicative oscillator systems, which would bring promising implications for data encryption and secure communication.
Surface plasmon resonance‐based fiber optic sensor utilizing tin oxide and zinc sulfide: An experimental analysis
Authors: Kapoor Vicky , Sharma Navneet K. 
Published: May 2024

Surface plasmon resonance‐based fiber optic sensors with Ag‐SnO2 and Ag‐ZnS bi‐layers are proposed experimentally and compared in detail in terms of sensitivity. Effect of SnO2 and ZnS layer thicknesses on the sensitivity is examined. Largest sensitivities are achieved by sensors with 40 nm Ag‐10 nm SnO2 layers and 40 nm Ag‐10 nm ZnS layers. Sensor with 40 nm Ag‐10 nm SnO2 layers is found to demonstrate better sensitivity than that with 40 nm Ag‐10 nm ZnS layers.
Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Date Palm By‐Products from Algerian Sahara: Cultivar Variations Effect
Authors: Bouafia Hind , Lamine Sekrifa Mouhamed , Touil Youcef 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to compare the methylene blue (MB) removal capacity from aqueous solutions of seven natural Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) By‐products (DPBPS). These include: Leaflets (DPLL), Rachis of leaf (DPRL), Fruit Bunch Stalk (DPFBS), Empty Fruit Bunch (DPEFB), Leaf Base (DPLB), fibrillium (DPF) and Spathe Sheath (DPSS), obtained from three different date palm cultivars: Degla, Ghers and Takermost from Ouargla Oasis in the Algerian Sahara, and to investigate the influence of the palm date nature part and cultivar on MB adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted at different concentrations; 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 mg/L of MB with 2.5 g of DPBP of each cultivar. The DPBPS of all cultivars exhibits remarkable adsorption efficiencies for MB removal. The highest maximal experimental adsorption capacities were observed for Degla DPLB (4.192 mg/g), Ghers DPF (4.191 mg/g) and Takermost DPF (4.193 mg/g) with(99.81 %), (99.79 %), and (99.82 %) adsorption rates in their cultivar respectively. Conversely, the lowest maximal experimental adsorption capacities were found for Degla DPLL 4.048 mg/g, Ghers DPEFB (4.12 mg/g) and Takermost DPSS (4.089 mg/g) with 96.40 %, 98.09 %, and at 97.67 % adsorption rates in each cultivar respectively. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results indicated a good fit with the Freundlich model. The studied DPBPS represent natural, low‐cost, and locally available adsorbents that effectively remove MB from wastewater.
A S=3/2 Cr(III) Complex In A Square‐Capping NHC Framework
Authors: Gau Michael R. , Scepaniak Jeremiah J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeprotonation of our pentadentate N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligand with lithium diisopropylamine in tetrahydrofuran and subsequent salt metathesis with CrCl3THF3 readily forms the complex PhCC4MeCrCl (1), a S=3/2 species in moderate yield. DFT calculations reveal three singly occupied molecular orbitals with π‐backbonding character to the square‐capping framework, UV‐Vis spectroscopy reveals 3 bands ascribed to d‐to‐d transitions, and cyclic voltammetry reveals an irreversible and quazi‐reversible reduction events as well as an irreversible oxidation event. We attempted to exchange the chloride ligand of 1 through salt‐metathesis with lithium phenylacetylide without success, the absence of reactivity is rationalized considering our XRD and DFT results.
DNA‐Based Replication of Programmable Colloidal Assemblies
Authors: van Kesteren Steven , Diethelm Pascal , Jung Se‐Hyeong , Isa Lucio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNature uses replication to amplify the information necessary for the intricate structures vital for life. Despite some successes with pure nucleotide structures, constructing synthetic microscale systems capable of replication remains largely out of reach. Here, a functioning strategy is shown for the replication of microscale particle assemblies using DNA‐coated colloids. By positioning DNA‐functionalized colloids using capillary forces and embedding them into a polymer layer, programmable sequences of patchy particles are created that act as a primer and offer precise binding of complementary particles from suspension. The strings of complementary colloids are cross‐linked, released from the primer, and purified via flow cytometric sorting to achieve a purity of up to 81% of the replicated sequences. The replication of strings of up to five colloids and non‐linear shapes is demonstrated with particles of different sizes and materials. Furthermore, a pathway for exponential self‐replication is outlined, including preliminary data that shows the transfer of patches and binding of a second‐generation of assemblies from suspension.
Investigation of Water Impacts on Surface Properties and Performance of Air‐Electrode in Reversible Protonic Ceramic Cells
Authors: Shi Nai , Zhu Kang , Xie Yun , Huan Daoming , Hyodo Junji , Yamazaki Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater, being abundant and readily accessible, gains widespread usage as proton source in many catalysis and energy conversion technologies, including applications like reversible protonic ceramic cells (R‐PCCs). Revealing the influence of water on the electrode surface and reaction kinetics is critical for further improving their electrochemical performance. Herein, a hydrophilic air‐electrode PrBa0.875Cs0.125Co2O5+δ is developed for R‐PCC, which demonstrates a remarkable peak power density of 1058 mW cm−2 in fuel cell mode and a current density of 1354 mA cm−2 under 1.3 V in electrolyzing steam at 650 °C. For the first time on R‐PCC, surface protons' behavior in response to external voltages is captured using in situ FTIR characterizations. Further, it is shown that contrary to the bulk proton uptake process that is thought to follow hydrogenation reactions and lead to cation reductions. The air‐electrode presents enriched surface protons occurring through oxidizing surface cations, as confirmed by depth‐profiling XPS results. H/D isotope exchange experiments and subsequent electrochemical characterization analyses reveal that the presence of protons enhances surface reactions. This study fills the knowledge gap between water‐containing atmospheres and electrochemical performance by providing insights into the surface properties of the material. These new findings provide guidance for future electrode design and optimization.
Grapefruit‐Inspired Polymeric Capsule with Hierarchical Microstructure: Advanced Nanomaterial Carrier Platform for Energy Storage, Drug Delivery, Catalysis, and Environmental Applications
Authors: Jung Youngkyun , Yoon Su‐Jin , Lee Yun , Do Taegu , Kim Keun‐Tae , Jung Kyung‐Won , Choi Jae‐Woo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEfficient support materials are crucial for maximizing the efficacy of nanomaterials in various applications such as energy storage, drug delivery, catalysis, and environmental remediation. However, traditional supports often hinder nanomaterial performance due to their high weight ratio and limited manageability, leading to issues like tube blocking and secondary pollution. To address this, a novel grapefruit‐inspired polymeric capsule (GPC) as a promising carrier platform is introduced. The millimeter‐scale GPC features a hydrophilic shell and an internal hierarchical microstructure with 80% void volume, providing ample space for encapsulating diverse nanomaterials including metals, polymers, metal‐organic frameworks, and silica. Through liquid‐phase bottom‐up methods, it is successfully loaded Fe2O3, SiO2, polyacrylic acid, and Prussian blue nanomaterials onto the GPC, achieving high mass ratio (1776, 488, 898, and 634 wt.%, respectively). The GPC shell prevents nanomaterial leakage and the influx of suspended solids, while its internal framework enhances structural stability and mass transfer rates. With long‐term storage stability, high carrying capacity, and versatile applicability, the GPC significantly enhances the field applicability of nanomaterials.
Highly Curved Defect Sites: How Curvature Effect Influences Metal‐Free Defective Carbon Electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Xin , Han Chao , Han Yun , Huang Run , Sun Hai , Guo Panjie , Liu Xuan , Huang Mengting , Chen Ying , Wu Helong , Zhang Jinyan , Yan Xuecheng , Mao Zhelin , Du Aijun , Jia Yi , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTopological defects are widely recognized as effective active sites toward a variety of electrochemical reactions. However, the role of defect curvature is still not fully understood. Herein, carbon nanomaterials with rich topological defect sites of tunable curvature is reported. The curved defective surface is realized by controlling the high‐temperature pyrolytic shrinkage process of precursors. Theoretical calculations demonstrate bending the defect sites can change the local electronic structure, promote the charge transfer to key intermediates, and lower the energy barrier for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Experimental results convince structural superiority of highly‐curved defective sites, with a high kinetic current density of 22.5 mA cm−2 at 0.8 V versus RHE for high‐curvature defective carbon (HCDC), ≈18 times that of low‐curvature defective carbon (LCDC). Further raising the defect densities in HCDC leads to the dual‐regulated products (HCHDC), which exhibit exceptionally outstanding ORR activity in both alkaline and acidic media (half‐wave potentials: 0.88 and 0.74 V), outperforming most of the reported metal‐free carbon catalysts. This work uncovers the curvature‐activity relationship in carbon defect for ORR and provides new guidance to design advanced catalysts via curvature‐engineering.
Genotypic analysis of a localised hotspot of Pestivirus A (BVDV‐1) infections in Northern Ireland
Authors: McConville James , Allen Adrian , Moyce Asa , Donaghy Aoibheann , Clarke Joe , Guelbenzu‐Gonzalo Maria , Byrne Andrew W. , Verner Sharon , Strain Sam , McInerney Barry , Holmes Emma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is caused by Pestivirus A and Pestivirus B. Northern Ireland (NI) embarked on a compulsory BVD eradication scheme in 2016, which continues to this day, so an understanding of the composition of the pestivirus genotypes in the cattle population of NI is required.MethodsThis molecular epidemiology study employed 5ʹ untranslated region (5ʹUTR) genetic sequencing to examine the pestivirus genotypes circulating in samples taken from a hotspot of BVD outbreaks in the Enniskillen area in 2019.ResultsBovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV)‐1e (Pestivirus A) was detected for the first time in Northern Ireland, and at a high frequency, in an infection hotspot in Enniskillen in 2019. There was no evidence of infection with BVDV‐2 (Pestivirus B), Border disease virus (pestivirus D) or HoBi‐like virus/BVDV‐3 (pestivirus H).LimitationsOnly 5ʹUTR sequencing was used, so supplementary sequencing, along with phylogenetic trees that include all BVDV‐1 genotype reference strains, would improve accuracy. Examination of farm locations and animal movement/trade is also required.ConclusionsGenotype BVDV‐1e was found for the first time in Northern Ireland, indicating an increase in the genetic diversity of BVDV‐1, which could have implications for vaccine design and highlights the need for continued pestivirus genotypic surveillance.
A European Marshall Plan for Ukraine on the Way to the EU
Authors: Åslund Anders , Becker Torbjörn 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter details a plan for the reconstruction of Ukraine with the aim of the country one day becoming a full member of the EU. When the war is over the EU must be ready to help Ukraine build new and better for a future in the union. Every day that the war continues, the enormous cost of reconstruction increases. Ukraine will need extensive support which the authors argue should be handled by an EU agency that coordinates donors in a close dialogue with the Ukrainian government on goals and processes. Other important principles of reconstruction are that aid should arrive quickly, but with appropriate conditions; that the money sent to Ukraine is grants and not loans; and that the focus of the reconstruction is to create a sustainable economy with a clear green transition in terms of energy and infrastructure. Ukraine's entry into the EU should be used to prioritize institutional reforms that strengthen the reconstruction of all sections of Ukrainian society. The authors point out that a successful Ukraine in the EU will strengthen not only Ukraine's but also the entire EU's economic prosperity and security.
EU Border Policy: Enhanced Border Security and Challenges to Free Movement
Authors: Pettersson Fürst Johanna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on border control and mobility policies at both the internal and external borders of the EU. The central question it addresses is how contemporary border politics either challenge or contribute to European integration. Three significant developments in EU border-control politics are discussed: The reintroduction of controls at internal borders by member states, the expansion and externalisation of external border controls, and the proliferation of technical systems aimed at facilitating border controls. These developments collectively aim to enhance the territorial control capacities of both the EU and its member states. Notably, external border control has expanded both in terms of resources and mandates for the EU’s border and coast guard agency, Frontex, and through geographical extension beyond the EU’s immediate external boundaries. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the potential consequences of continued border-control expansion, the challenges posed by external and internal re-bordering in the context of ongoing integration, and considerations on how to strike a balance between increasing control demands and safeguarding the rights of free movement for EU citizens and the right to seek asylum for refugees.
The European Security Order
Authors: Engelbrekt Kjell 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter asks if the European security order will crumble, definitively, as a result of the full-scale war of aggression that the Russian Federation unleashed against Ukraine in late February 2022. The analysis begins with the historical emergence of a European security order in the aftermath of the Second World War, with NATO and a nascent EU at its core. It proceeds with an account of how the Kremlin directly challenged European security arrangements in recent years, as well as of how the EU, NATO, and like-minded countries around the world responded to Russia’s aggression, first by introducing sweeping sanctions and subsequently by offering humanitarian, economic and military assistance to Ukraine. The chapter ends by predicting that the issue regarding the continent’s security order will be resolved on the battlefield and that future security arrangements may have to exclude Russia altogether.
The Urbanisation of Asylum
Authors: Darling Jonathan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the growing prominence of urban contexts, urban authorities, and urban politics in shaping debates on asylum and refuge that have traditionally been orientated around the nation-state. Focusing on the case of Glasgow, a city at the heart of the UK’s response to refugee displacement, this chapter examines three trends in contemporary urban configurations of asylum. First, how asylum seekers and refugees have been positioned within urban economies of value extraction. Second, how cities have been sites of considerable experimentation over the containment of asylum seekers and refugees, with flexible infrastructures of accommodation being one key development. Third, the frictions of government and solidarity that urban asylum foregrounds. These are frictions between local and national governments, on the one hand, and between community initiatives to support refugees as neighbours and the patterns of bordering practiced by state and non-state actors, on the other. Taken together, I argue that these trends point to the growing influence of cities in shaping how we understand asylum and its political possibilities.
Temporality and Permanency in the Study of Border Cities and Migration
Authors: Mencütek Zeynep Şahin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis chapter synthesises the analytical reflections from three chapters in this volume’s fourth part on Border Cities and Migration (Chap. 13, Darling; Chap. 14, Carpi; Chap. 15, Merlín-Escorza) and links them with broader scholarly research on forced displacement, asylum, and cities. It first shows how the intersection of governance approaches with urban and humanitarian studies provides rich insights into, and novel concepts about displacement and asylum. It argues that the arrival of diverse actors related to asylum leads to physical, economic, and socio-cultural transformations in urban neighbourhoods and border towns, sometimes temporal, other times permanent. The chapter then identifies four main dynamics at play in the urbanisation of asylum: extraction, frictions, temporality, and spatial changes. It concludes with questions to consider in developing a more elaborated research agenda on politics of urban and asylum from a relational perspective.
Multi-level Migration and Multiculturalism Governance Meets Migrant and Refugee Agency in Regional Australian Towns
Authors: Boese Martina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA range of federal, state, and local policies in Australia have encouraged migration to, and settlement in, regional towns and cities over the past decades, with local initiatives such as multi- and intercultural policies developed to better accommodate increasingly diverse populations. Despite these initiatives and increasing research, important questions related to non-metropolitan migration often remain overlooked in the context of competing policy agendas. What are the risks of reducing (regional) migration policies to labour market instruments? What can migrants’ experiences of regional settlement tell us about the limitations of current regional refugee settlement as population policies? And finally, what if ‘successful settlement’ is not understood as staying in one place but as a realisation of migrants’ and refugees’ settlement needs and aspirations? The chapter will discuss these questions, drawing on policy analysis and qualitative interviews with migrants, former refugees, and various local stakeholders in regional Victoria.
Suburbanisation and Migrant Entrepreneurship in the United States
Authors: Liu Cathy Yang , Renzy Rory 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt is well documented that US metropolitan areas have experienced significant spatial, economic, and demographic changes, with increasing minority and immigrant populations living in the suburbs. At the same time, immigrant-owned businesses have seen substantial growth over the years and play important roles in serving unmet markets, hiring workers, and generating local economic development. This chapter uses national business datasets to examine the spatial patterns of migrant entrepreneurship and the performance of employer firms as indicated by the number of firms, employees, sales and receipts, and total annual payrolls for cities and suburbs over time across a broad array of Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Atlanta serves as a case study site for more detailed analysis on the dynamics of suburban ethnic economy. Policy recommendations to support these businesses and preserve ethnic identity in face of redevelopment efforts are discussed in the conclusion.