bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting business process analysis via data warehousing
Authors: Sturm Arnon 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYToday, business processes serve as the backbone of organizations. As a result, IT frameworks for managing business processes are gaining in popularity. The classical life cycle implemented in these frameworks consists of four stages: process specification, process implementation, process execution and monitoring, and process analysis. The relationships between the stages are usually loosely defined, and there is a need for means to synchronize these stages, in light of the frequent changes in and the need to maintain the entire business process life cycle. In this paper, we propose a method for constructing data warehouse schemata from business process specifications to facilitate the off‐line analysis of the business process execution. We define the relationships between the business process specification stage and the analysis stages, with the aim to facilitate and to identify potential improvements by querying the business process performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiently and transparently automating scalable on‐demand activation and deactivation of services with the activator pattern
Authors: Stal Michael , Schmidt Douglas C. , Otte William R. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYComputing systems are increasingly designed as a collection of interacting services that constitute a set of functionality offered by a service provider or server to its clients. Many service‐oriented computing systems have constraints on the resources they allocate and manage. In these systems, certain types of services should consume resources only when they are accessed by clients, and clients should be shielded from where services are located, how they are deployed, and how their lifecycle is managed. The activator pattern provides an effective means to efficiently and transparently automate scalable on‐demand activation and deactivation of services accessed by many clients. This paper motivates the need for the activator pattern, describes the structure and dynamics of canonical implementations of the pattern, and examines the benefits and liabilities of applying this pattern to services in resource‐constrained computing systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards design pattern definition language
Authors: Khwaja Salman , Alshayeb Mohammad 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYDesign patterns are rapidly gaining acceptance in the software community not only as reusable constructs for software development but also for the documentation of the software architectural design. Most of the existing design pattern languages describe design patterns using a combination of a natural language, UML‐style diagrams and complex mathematical or logic based formalisms, which makes them hard for programmers to understand. In this paper we propose a design pattern definition language (DPDL) based on XML which can be used for sharing design patterns’ implementation details among developers. DPDL is easy to understand and use. It provides unambiguous description of the patterns and is extensible. DPDL also has the flexibility of defining design patterns in a generic term to be used as templates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of structural characteristics of modified waxy corn starches on rheological properties, film‐forming solutions, and on water vapor permeability, solubility, and opacity of films
Authors: Pérez‐Gallardo Alfonso , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. , García‐Almendárez Blanca , Montejano‐Gaitán Gerardo , Barbosa‐Cánovas Gustavo , Regalado Carlos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWaxy corn starch (amylopectin) and three of its chemical derivatives: acetylated cross‐linked (ACLS), oxidized (OS), and octenyl‐succinylated (OSA), were used together with additives such as Tween 80, sorbitol, and beeswax suspension or safflower oil to test their effect on film‐forming solutions (FFS) and films. The objectives of this study were the starch structure characterization, and its correlation with rheological properties of FFS and solubility, opacity, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the produced films. Analysis of starch structure, rheological characterization, and films micrographs revealed that the starches contained predominantly low MW amylopectin molecules and film properties depended on their ability to reorganize. Additionally, the interaction among groups introduced in modified starches or with additive molecules can hinder or promote starch reorganization, resulting in films with increased or reduced WVP, solubility and transparency properties. Films were obtained by casting and showed a thickness less than 41 µm. Films prepared with OS and beeswax exhibited the best reorganizing capacity of FFS, resulting in less soluble (30.0 ± 1.6%), highly transparent (23.2 ± 3.3 UA × nm) and less permeable films (0.485 ± 0.016 g · mm · m−2 · h−1 · kPa−1). On the other hand, ACLS showed an opposite trend which was attributed to a more open film structure. These results contribute to understand the molecular interactions of waxy starch molecules in FFS which may be useful to design tailored coatings.
Preoperative assessment of endometrial carcinoma by three‐dimensional power Doppler angiography
Authors: Saarelainen S. K. , Vuento M. H. , Kirkinen P. , Mäenpää J. U. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectivePreoperative evaluation of the depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma is challenging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of three‐dimensional power Doppler angiography (3D‐PDA) in this setting.MethodsSonographic and histological data on 100 consecutive cases of endometrial carcinoma were analyzed. The endometrial and myometrial vascular indices VI (vascularization index), FI (flow index) and VFI (vascularization flow index) were calculated by 3D‐PDA. The results were compared with a complete surgical staging.ResultsThe mean ( ± SD) age of patients was 67.1 ± 8.8 (range, 33–87) years. Forty‐six patients had deep (≥ 50%) myometrial invasion. Eight patients had metastases, seven of them with deep invasion. Three patients were found to have carcinomas of non‐uterine origin on histology, and these were excluded from further statistical analysis. The median endometrial and myometrial vascular indices were higher in the group with deep invasion than in the group without. Following multivariable analysis of the indices only the endometrial FI was independently associated with deep invasion (OR, 1.061; 95% CI, 1.023–1.099; P = 0.001). However, a greater endometrial volume was also an independent predictor of deep invasion (OR, 1.109; 95% CI, 1.011–1.215; P = 0.028).ConclusionOur study suggests that endometrial and, to a lesser degree, myometrial vascular indices and endometrial volume correlate with the depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Part‐of‐speech tagging
Authors: Martinez Angel R. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPresented here is a brief state‐of‐the‐art account on part‐of‐speech (POS) tagging. POS tagging is an essential preprocessing task for many natural language processing goals and applications. Some POS tagging approaches make use of annotated corpora to train computational models to perform the task with minimal human intervention. Rule‐based and stochastic methods have been successful, attaining accuracies of 96–97%. Representative approaches of these two methodologies are discussed. WIREs Comp Stat 2012, 4:107–113. doi: 10.1002/wics.195This article is categorized under:

Software for Computational Statistics > Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems
Data: Types and Structure > Text Data
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Text Mining
Robust clustering
Authors: Banerjee Amit , Davé Rajesh N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractHistorical and recent developments in the field of robust clustering and their applications are reviewed. The discussion focuses on different strategies that have been developed to reduce the sensitivity of clustering methods to outliers in data, while pointing out the importance of the need for both efficient partitioning and simultaneous robust model fitting. Although all clustering methods and algorithms have good partitioning capabilities when data are clean and free of outliers, they break down in the presence of outliers in the data. This is because classical development in the field of clustering has focused on such assumptions that data is free of noise and the data are well distributed, Robust model fitting, while retaining the partitioning power, involves the development of methods and algorithms that reject these classical assumptions either by explicitly incorporating robust statistical methods (often regression based) or by recasting the clustering problem in a way that does so implicitly. In this review, the robust model fitting aspect is identified in pertinent methodological and algorithmic advances and tied to related developments in robust statistics wherever possible. The paper also includes representative samples of various applications of robust clustering methods to both synthetic and real‐world datasets. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery
Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Calcium phosphate‐based composite nanoparticles in bioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications
Authors: Tabaković Amra , Kester Mark , Adair James H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications are areas of biomedicine where nanoparticles have had significant impact, but the use of a nanomaterial in these applications can be limited by its physicochemical properties. Calcium phosphate‐based composite nanoparticles are nontoxic and biodegradable, and are therefore considered attractive candidates for bioimaging and therapeutic drug delivery applications. Also, the pH‐dependent solubility profiles of calcium phosphate materials make this class of nanoparticles especially useful for in vitro and in vivo delivery of dyes, oligonucleotides, and drugs. In this article, we discuss how calcium phosphate‐based composite nanoparticles fulfill some of the requirements typically made for nanoparticles in biomedical applications. We also highlight recent studies in bioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications focusing on how these studies have addressed some of the challenges associated with using these nanoparticles in bioimaging and delivery of therapeutics. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:96–112. doi: 10.1002/wnan.163This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
A New Mixed‐Valent High Nuclearity Polyoxovanadate Cluster Based on the {V18O42} Archetype
Authors: Wutkowski Adam , Niefind Felix , Näther Christian , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe compound (enH2)6[HV16IVV2VO42(Cl)]·Cl2·2H2O (en = 1,2‐diaminoethane) (1), was synthesized under solvothermal conditions employing the amine as reducing agent. Compound 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn with a = 13.3343(7), b = 22.3697(3), c = 19.8012(11) Å, V = 5906.4(5) Å3, Z = 4. The central structural motif is a polyoxovanadate anion [HV18O42(Cl)]10– being composed of 18 VO5 square pyramids. The cluster shell contains a (VO5)8 ring in the vertical plane and two (VO5)5 pentagons above and below the ring which are twisted by 45° against each other.Bond valence sum analysis indicates a mixture of VIV/VV atoms with a ratio of 16:2, which is further supported by redox titration. An arrangement of these clusters within the (001) plane leads to the formation of channels hosting the protonated amine molecules, the Cl– anions and water molecules which are joined by an extended hydrogen bonding network. TG‐MS investigation shows a thermal decomposition reaction in at least three steps. The optical band gap was determined as 2.5 eV.
A Geometric Analysis of When Fixed Weighting Schemes Will Outperform Ordinary Least Squares
Authors: Davis-Stober Clintin P. 
Published: September 2011

Many researchers have demonstrated that fixed, exogenously chosen weights can be useful alternatives to Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation within the linear model (e.g., Dawes, Am. Psychol. 34:571–582, 1979; Einhorn & Hogarth, Org. Behav. Human Perform. 13:171–192, 1975; Wainer, Psychol. Bull. 83:213-217, 1976). Generalizing the approach of Davis-Stober, Dana, and Budescu (Psychometrika 75:521–541, 2010b), I present an analytic method to determine when a choice of fixed weights will incur less mean squared error than OLS as a function of sample size, error variance, and model predictability. Geometrically, I solve for the region of population β that favors a choice of fixed weights over OLS. I derive closed-form upper and lower bounds on the volume of this region, giving tight bounds on the proportion of population β favoring a choice of fixed weights. I illustrate this methodology with several examples and provide a MATLAB© (The MathWorks, Matlab software, version 2009b, 2010) programming implementation of the major results.
Shock trains on a planar beach
Authors: Antuono Matteo 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFollowing on from the author’s previous work, the propagation of trains of shock waves on a planar beach is studied in the framework of the nonlinear shallow water equations. The analysis is based on the use of a quasi-analytical solution valid for a shock wave which is fed by a constant Riemann invariant. The asymptotic behaviour of a train of such shock waves is inspected and novel approximate analytical solutions are provided. These are useful both for representing fundamental physical scenarios (e.g. propagation of saw-tooth spilling breakers in the surf zone) and for benchmarking wave-resolving and wave-averaged theoretical/numerical solutions. Finally, a study of the energy dissipation induced by the shock train is provided.
Vitamin D status and pain: analysis from the Health Survey for England among English adults aged 65 years and over
Authors: Hirani Vasant 
Published: September 2011

Poor vitamin D status is common in older people and results in osteoporosis; osteomalacia is associated with a wide range of non-communicable diseases and has potential effects on poor health outcomes. Pain is also common in older people and can be substantially disabling. The aim of the present analysis is to investigate associations between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and self-reported current symptoms of pain in a cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 2070 adults aged ≥ 65 years living in the community in England in 2005. Measurements included serum 25(OH)D, pain status and covariates, namely, age, sex, social class, season of examination, use of vitamin supplements and physical health status. Results show that the symptoms of moderate/extreme pain (present in 53 % of the sample) were associated with poor vitamin D status, independent of other covariates. Particular advantages of the present study were the presence of directly measured vitamin D levels and a large and nationally representative sample. Poor vitamin D status is common and an associated risk factor for pain in older people living in northern latitudes. The direction of causation cannot be inferred from a cross-sectional study and further prospective research is required to clarify this. Regardless of the direction of causation, the relationship is potentially of high public health importance because of the adverse impact of both states on well-being. It is important that older people in pain are screened for vitamin D status and provided with appropriate interventions.
Multiobjective optimization of parallel kinematic mechanisms by the genetic algorithms
Authors: Kelaiaia Ridha , Company Olivier , Zaatri Abdelouahab 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIt is well known that Parallel Kinematic Mechanisms (PKMs) have an intrinsic dynamic potential (very high speed and acceleration) with high precision and high stiffness. Nevertheless, the choice of optimal dimensions that provide the best performances remains a difficult task, since performances strongly depend on dimensions. On the other hand, there are many criteria of performance that must be taken into account for dimensional synthesis, and which are sometimes antagonist. This paper presents an approach of multiobjective optimization for PKMs that takes into account several criteria of performance simultaneously that have a direct impact on the dimensional synthesis of PKMs. We first present some criteria of performance such as the workspace, transmission speeds, stiffness, dexterity, precision, as well as dynamic dexterity. Secondly, we present the problem of dimensional synthesis, which will be defined as a multiobjective optimization problem. The method of genetic algorithms is used to solve this type of multiobjective optimization problem by means of NSGA-II and SPEA-II algorithms. Finally, based on a linear Delta architecture, we present an illustrative application of this methodology to a 3-axis machine tool in the context of manufacturing of automotive parts.
The influence of microhabitat, moisture and diet on stable-hydrogen isotope variation in a Neotropical avian food web
Authors: Fraser Kevin C. , McKinnon Emily A. , Diamond Antony W. , Chavarría Liliana 
Published: September 2011

Abstract:The application of stable-hydrogen isotope (δD) measurements to the study of animal movement, resource use and physiology depends on understanding factors driving variation in δD in animal tissues. The source of micro-scale variation in δD is poorly known, yet understanding micro-scale patterns of δD could shed light on important ecological processes and improve our abilities to track animal movements. Using linear and additive models, we explored the influence of micro-scale habitat use, moisture and diet on tissue δD values of Nicaraguan cloud-forest birds. Using mist nets, we captured 211 individuals of 22 resident Neotropical species at 500–1390 m asl and collected feather and claw samples. Based on three years of data from year-round sampling, our results suggest that microhabitat, seasonal shifts in moisture δD, and diet all influence bird tissue δD values. Our model results reveal a previously undescribed microgeographical effect on δD, where foraging level (understorey versus overstorey) and foraging location (forest interior versus adjacent coffee plantation) were significant predictors of δD values in bird claws and feathers. Mean claw and feather δD values among species varied from −83‰ to −19‰. Top models for claws and feathers explained 57% and 52% of variation in δD respectively. Direct comparisons of understorey (mean ± SD of −30‰ ± 15‰) versus overstorey (−50‰ ± 15‰) claw values suggest that δD may be useful in tracking vertical, micro-scale movement. Higher δD values in forest understorey birds reveal a heavy reliance upon recycled, fog moisture. Fragmentation and climate change may result in increasingly desiccated cloud forest that may exert a more negative influence on the food webs of understorey species that seem to be supported by recycled sources of moisture in the dry season.
Association of Crossword Puzzle Participation with Memory Decline in Persons Who Develop Dementia
Authors: Pillai Jagan A. , Hall Charles B. , Dickson Dennis W. , Buschke Herman , Lipton Richard B. , Verghese Joe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractParticipation in cognitively stimulating leisure activities such as crossword puzzles may delay onset of the memory decline in the preclinical stages of dementia, possibly via its effect on improving cognitive reserve. We followed 488 initially cognitively intact community residing individuals with clinical and cognitive assessments every 12–18 months in the Bronx Aging Study. We assessed the influence of crossword puzzle participation on the onset of accelerated memory decline as measured by the Buschke Selective Reminding Test in 101 individuals who developed incident dementia using a change point model. Crossword puzzle participation at baseline delayed onset of accelerated memory decline by 2.54 years. Inclusion of education or participation in other cognitively stimulating activities did not significantly add to the fit of the model beyond the effect of puzzles. Our findings show that late life crossword puzzle participation, independent of education, was associated with delayed onset of memory decline in persons who developed dementia. Given the wide availability and accessibility of crossword puzzles, their role in preventing cognitive decline should be validated in future clinical trials. (JINS, 2011, 17, 1006–1013)
The skinny on tuna fat: health implications
Authors: Maqbool Asim , Strandvik Birgitta , Stallings Virginia A 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveDietaryn-3 (omega-3) andn-6 (omega-6) PUFA have significant implications in health and disease prevention. Marine life is rich in long-chainn-3 PUFA. Children and adults in North America are reluctant fish eaters; canned tuna is a common fish in children's diets. Although a multitude of tuna products are available, their respective PUFA contents have not been well described. The aim of the present study was to compare the fatty acid (FA) profiles of different commercially available US tuna products.DesignFat and FA composition of eight products randomly selected from two US suppliers were analysed with capillary GC after lipid extraction.SettingLarge north-eastern US grocery store chain.SubjectsCanned tuna.ResultsEnergy from fat varied from 3 to 33 % and the essential FA (EFA) linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (18 : 3n-3) varied tenfold. DHA varied between 90 and 770 mg/serving. Then-6:n-3 ratio was 3:1–4:1 in oil-packaged products, 2:1–7:1 in packaged tuna salads and 1:3–1:7 in water-packaged products. A similar magnitude of differences was seen in the ratio between arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6) and DHA.ConclusionsLight tuna canned in water may be a better choice of providingn-3 PUFA to individuals in a healthy population, whereas oil-packaged products may be preferable for those individuals with a need for increased EFA, such as for patients with cystic fibrosis. Awareness regarding PUFA content may aid in consumer product choices and health-care provider advice.
Intramolecular vibrational dynamics in S1 p-fluorotoluene. I. Direct observation of doorway states
Authors: Davies Julia A. , Reid Katharine L. 
Published: September 2011

Picosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is used to investigate intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) following excitation of S1 18a1 in p-fluorotoluene (pFT) at an internal energy of 845 cm−1, where ν18a is a ring bending vibrational mode. Characteristic oscillations with periods of 8 ps and 5 ps are observed in the photoelectron signal and attributed to coupling between the initially excited zero-order bright state and two doorway states. Values for the coupling coefficients connecting these three vibrational states have been determined. In addition, an exponential change in photoelectron signal with a lifetime of 17 ps is attributed to weaker couplings with a bath of dark states that play a more significant role during the latter stages of IVR. A tier model has been used to assign the most strongly coupled doorway state to S1 17a1 6a2′, where ν17a is a CH out-of-plane vibrational mode and 6a2′ is a methyl torsional level. This assignment signifies that a torsion-vibration coupling mechanism mediates the observed dynamics, thus demonstrating the important role played by the methyl torsional mode in accelerating IVR.