bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of T1-weighted fast spin-echo and T1-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of the lumbar spine at 3.0 tesla
Authors: Lavdas Eleftherios , Vlychou Marianna , Arikidis Nikos , Kapsalaki Eftychia , Roka Violetta , Fezoulidis Ioannis V. 
Published: February 2010

Background: T1-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence has been reported to provide improved contrast between lesions and normal anatomical structures compared to T1-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) imaging at 1.5T regarding imaging of the lumbar spine. Purpose: To compare T1-weighted FSE and fast T1-weighted FLAIR imaging in normal anatomic structures and degenerative and metastatic lesions of the lumbar spine at 3.0T. Material and Methods: Thirty-two consecutive patients (19 females, 13 males; mean age 44 years, range 30–67 years) with lesions of the lumbar spine were prospectively evaluated. Sagittal images of the lumbar spine were obtained using T1-weighted FSE and fast T1-weighted FLAIR sequences. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses measuring the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and relative contrast (ReCon) between degenerative and metastatic lesions and normal anatomic structures were conducted, comparing these sequences. Results: On quantitative evaluation, SNRs of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nerve root, and fat around the root of fast T1-weighted FLAIR imaging were significantly lower than those of T1-weighted FSE images ( P<0.001). CNRs of normal spinal cord/CSF and disc herniation/ CSF for fast T1-weighted FLAIR images were significantly higher than those for T1-weighted FSE images ( P<0.001). ReCon of normal spinal cord/CSF, disc herniation/CSF, and vertebral lesions/CSF for fast T1-weighted FLAIR images were significantly higher than those for T1-weighted FSE images ( P<0.001). On qualitative evaluation, it was found that CSF nulling and contrast at the spinal cord (cauda equina)/CSF interface for T1-weighted FLAIR images were significantly superior compared to those for T1-weighted FSE images ( P<0.001), and the disc/spinal cord (cauda equina) interface was better for T1-weighted FLAIR images ( P<0.05). Conclusion: The T1-weighted FLAIR sequence may be considered as the preferred lumbar spine imaging sequence compared to T1-weighted FSE, as it has demonstrated superior CSF nulling, better conspicuousness of normal anatomic structures and degenerative and metastatic lesions, and improved image contrast.
Campylobacter Peritonitis Complicating Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Elshafie Sittana S. , Asim Muhammad , Ashour Adel , Elhiday Abdul Haleem , Mohsen Thoraya , Doiphode Sanjay 
Published: February 2010

Background The micro-organisms involved in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis are usually gram-positive cocci of cutaneous origin. Campylobacter species are rarely implicated as a cause of CAPD peritonitis. Methods A retrospective review of 100 consecutive episodes of peritonitis was carried out in patients undergoing CAPD or automated PD in our hospital from June 2004 to December 2007. Collection of dialysate and microbial examination was done according to ISPD guidelines. Identification of the organism was made on the basis of Gram smear morphology, positive oxidase test, and biochemical reactions using API Campi (BioMérieux, Marcy l'Étoile, France). Susceptibility testing was performed using E-test (AB Biodisc, Solna, Sweden) and confirmation was done by molecular techniques. Results The causative organisms in 23 of these episodes were gram-negative bacteria, 3 of which were identified as Campylobacter species using special culture techniques. The clinical presentation in our patients with Campylobacter peritonitis (CP) was different from that of patients with peritonitis from other organisms in that all 3 had diarrhea at presentation. Among patients with CP, no subspecies-specific feature was identified. Good response to the antibiotic treatment was observed; there was no relapse/recurrence of peritonitis, catheter loss, or death. Conclusion Incidence of CP remains low and, regardless of the subtype, clinical outcomes are better than those seen with other gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas. The presence of diarrhea at presentation and the finding of curved or spiral gram-negative bacilli in the Gram smear of peritoneal dialysis effluent should make one think of CP. The use of appropriate microbiology techniques in this situation will increase the isolation of this organism.
Differential Recruitment of Activating and Inhibitory FcγRII during Phagocytosis
Authors: Syam Sujata , Mero Patricia , Pham Theodore , McIntosh Courtney A. , Bruhns Pierre , Booth James W. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Human myeloid cells express both activating and inhibitory receptors of the FcγRII family. FcγRIIA mediates processes associated with cell activation, including phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized particles, whereas coengagement of the inhibitory FcγRIIB downregulates such signaling. We analyzed the relative recruitment of these two receptors during phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles by ts20 Chinese hamster fibroblast cells cotransfected with both receptors carrying distinguishable fluorescent protein tags. We found that FcγRIIA is substantially enriched at sites of particle binding relative to its inhibitory counterpart, with a greater than 2-fold increase in the local ratio of activating to inhibitory receptor compared with that for the plasma membrane as a whole. Experiments with chimeric receptors revealed that the preferential enrichment of FcγRIIA results from differences between the extracellular domains of the receptors, and indicated that the lesser recruitment of FcγRIIB limits its ability to effectively inhibit FcγRIIA-mediated phagocytosis. Mutagenesis studies indicated that FcγRIIA residues leucine 132 and phenylalanine 160, which lie in IgG-binding regions of FcγRIIA and which differ in FcγRIIB, both contribute to the local relative enrichment of FcγRIIA by increasing its affinity for IgG1 relative to that of FcγRIIB. In human monocytes, engagement of approximately equal amounts of FcγRIIB was required to substantially inhibit FcγRIIA-mediated phagocytosis. These results demonstrate that differences in affinity for IgG between activating and inhibitory FcγR can result in substantial local changes in their relative concentrations during phagocytosis, with important functional consequences.
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 Reduce the Accumulation of Myeloid Cells into Tumors and Attenuate Tumor Growth in Mice
Authors: Marttila-Ichihara Fumiko , Castermans Karolien , Auvinen Kaisa , oude Egbrink Mirjam G. A. , Jalkanen Sirpa , Griffioen Arjan W. , Salmi Marko 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an endothelial, cell surface–expressed oxidase involved in leukocyte traffic. The adhesive function of VAP-1 can be blocked by anti–VAP-1 Abs and small-molecule inhibitors. However, the effects of VAP-1 blockade on antitumor immunity and tumor progression are unknown. In this paper, we used anti–VAP-1 mAbs and small-molecule inhibitors of VAP-1 in B16 melanoma and EL-4 lymphoma tumor models in C57BL/6 mice. Leukocyte accumulation into tumors and neoangiogenesis were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and intravital videomicroscopy. We found that both anti–VAP-1 Abs and VAP-1 inhibitors reduced the number of leukocytes in the tumors, but they targeted partially different leukocyte subpopulations. Anti–VAP-1 Abs selectively inhibited infiltration of CD8-positive lymphocytes into tumors and had no effect on accumulation of myeloid cells into tumors. In contrast, the VAP-1 inhibitors significantly reduced only the number of proangiogenic Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells in melanomas and lymphomas. Blocking of VAP-1 by either means left tumor homing of regulatory T cells and type 2 immune-suppressing monocytes/macrophages intact. Notably, VAP-1 inhibitors, but not anti–VAP-1 Abs, retarded the growth of melanomas and lymphomas and reduced tumor neoangiogenesis. The VAP-1 inhibitors also reduced the binding of Gr-1+ myeloid cells to the tumor vasculature. We conclude that tumors use the catalytic activity of VAP-1 to recruit myeloid cells into tumors and to support tumor progression. Small-molecule VAP-1 inhibitors therefore might be a potential new tool for immunotherapy of tumors.
Essential Role of Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling, IFN Regulatory Factor (IRF)3, and IRF7 in Chlamydophila pneumoniae-Mediated IFN-β Response and Control of Bacterial Replication in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Buß Claudia , Opitz Bastian , Hocke Andreas C. , Lippmann Juliane , van Laak Vincent , Hippenstiel Stefan , Krüll Matthias , Suttorp Norbert , Eitel Julia 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection of the vascular wall as well as activation of the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3 have been linked to development of chronic vascular lesions and atherosclerosis. The innate immune system detects invading pathogens by use of pattern recognition receptors, some of which are able to stimulate IRF3/7 activation and subsequent type I IFN production (e. g., IFN-β). In this study, we show that infection of human endothelial cells with C. pneumoniae-induced production of IFN-β, a cytokine that so far has been mainly associated with antiviral immunity. Moreover, C. pneumoniae infection led to IRF3 and IRF7 nuclear translocation in HUVECs and RNA interference experiments showed that IRF3 and IRF7 as well as the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) were essential for IFN-β induction. Finally, C. pneumoniae replication was enhanced in endothelial cells in which IRF3, IRF7, or MAVS expression was inhibited by small interfering RNA and attenuated by IFN-β treatment. In conclusion, C. pneumoniae infection of endothelial cells activates an MAVS-, IRF3-, and IRF7-dependent signaling, which controls bacterial growth and might modulate development of vascular lesions.
Characterizing the Dynamics of CD4+ T Cell Priming within a Lymph Node
Authors: Linderman Jennifer J. , Riggs Thomas , Pande Manjusha , Miller Mark , Marino Simeone , Kirschner Denise E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Generating adaptive immunity postinfection or immunization requires physical interaction within a lymph node T zone between Ag-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) and rare cognate T cells. Many fundamental questions remain regarding the dynamics of DC–CD4+ T cell interactions leading to priming. For example, it is not known how the production of primed CD4+ T cells relates to the numbers of cognate T cells, Ag-bearing DCs, or peptide-MHCII level on the DC. To address these questions, we developed an agent-based model of a lymph node to examine the relationships among cognate T cell frequency, DC density, parameters characterizing DC–T cell interactions, and the output of primed T cells. We found that the output of primed CD4+ T cells is linearly related to cognate frequency, but nonlinearly related to the number of Ag-bearing DCs present during infection. This addresses the applicability of two photon microscopy studies to understanding actual infection dynamics, because these types of experiments increase the cognate frequency by orders of magnitude compared with physiologic levels. We found a trade-off between the quantity of peptide-major histocompatibility class II on the surface of individual DCs and number of Ag-bearing DCs present in the lymph node in contributing to the production of primed CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, peptide-major histocompatibility class II t1/2 plays a minor, although still significant, role in determining CD4+ T cell priming, unlike the primary role that has been suggested for CD8+ T cell priming. Finally, we identify several pathogen-targeted mechanisms that, if altered in their efficiency, can significantly effect the generation of primed CD4+ T cells.
The p110δ Isoform of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Controls the Quality of Secondary Anti-Leishmania Immunity by Regulating Expansion and Effector Function of Memory T Cell Subsets
Authors: Liu Dong , Uzonna Jude E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
We showed previously that mice with an inactivating knockin mutation in the p110δ isoform of PI3K (referred to as p110δD910A mice) displayed enhanced primary resistance to Leishmania major despite mounting paradoxically impaired T cell responses. In this study, we show that p110δD910A mice are impaired in their secondary (memory) anti-Leishmania responses in vitro and in vivo. Following secondary L. major challenge, p110δD910A mice exhibited reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity response and weaker parasite control compared to wild-type mice. Using adoptive transfer experiments, we show that immune T cells from healed p110δD910A mice were impaired in their proliferation and effector cytokine (IFN-γ) responses upon L. major challenge. Interestingly, Leishmania-reactive T cells from healed p110δD910A mice contain severalfold lower numbers of CD62Llo and CD62hi T cells than those from healed wild-type mice. The reduction in numbers of CD62Llo T cells in p110δD910A mice is due to failure of their CD62Lhi T cells to downregulate CD62L expression in response to L. major. Furthermore, although CD62Llo cells from p110δD910A mice could home efficiently to lymphoid organs, their ability to exit these tissues and emigrate to cutaneous sites of infection was greatly impaired. Collectively, our data identify PI3K signaling as important events that control memory T cell subset differentiation, generation, effector function, and recruitment to cutaneous tissues and suggest that manipulating this pathway could provide means of enhancing desired memory T cell subset, response during vaccination, or both.
Beyond conventional bounds: Surpassing system limits for stereotactic ablative (SAbR) lung radiotherapy using CBCT‐based adaptive planning system
Authors: Gonzalez Yesenia , Visak Justin , Overman Luke , Liao Chien‐Yi , Yen Allen , Zhuang Tingliang , Cai Bin , Godley Andrew , Zhang Yuanyuan , Timmerman Robert , Iyengar Puneeth , Westover Kenneth , Parsons David , Lin Mu‐Han 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeOnline adaptive radiotherapy relies on a high degree of automation to enable rapid planning procedures. The Varian Ethos intelligent optimization engine (IOE) was originally designed for conventional treatments so it is crucial to provide clear guidance for lung SAbR plans. This study investigates using the Ethos IOE together with adaptive‐specific optimization tuning structures we designed and templated within Ethos to mitigate inter‐planner variability in meeting RTOG metrics for both online‐adaptive and offline SAbR plans.MethodsWe developed a planning strategy to automate the generation of tuning structures and optimization. This was validated by retrospective analysis of 35 lung SAbR cases (total 105 fractions) treated on Ethos. The effectiveness of our planning strategy was evaluated by comparing plan quality with‐and‐without auto‐generated tuning structures. Internal target volume (ITV) contour was compared between that drawn from CT simulation and from cone‐beam CT (CBCT) at time of treatment to verify CBCT image quality and treatment effectiveness. Planning strategy robustness for lung SAbR was quantified by frequency of plans meeting reference plan RTOG constraints.ResultsOur planning strategy creates a gradient within the ITV with maximum dose in the core and improves intermediate dose conformality on average by 2%. ITV size showed no significant difference between those contoured from CT simulation and first fraction, and also trended towards decreasing over course of treatment. Compared to non‐adaptive plans, adaptive plans better meet reference plan goals (37% vs. 100% PTV coverage compliance, for scheduled and adapted plans) while improving plan quality (improved GI (gradient index) by 3.8%, CI (conformity index) by 1.7%).ConclusionWe developed a robust and readily shareable planning strategy for the treatment of adaptive lung SAbR on the Ethos system. We validated that automatic online plan re‐optimization along with the formulated adaptive tuning structures can ensure consistent plan quality. With the proposed planning strategy, highly ablative treatments are feasible on Ethos.
A Perceptual and Interactive Integration Strategy Toward Telemedicine Healthcare Based on Electroluminescent Display and Triboelectric Sensing 3D Stacked Device
Authors: Li Yang , Lin Qinghui , Sun Tao , Qin Mingze , Yue Wenjing , Gao Song 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe conventional medical assistive strategy for wearable devices involves sensing physiological signals and subsequent analysis while it lacks the capability for visual interaction and often necessitates the use of additional bulky devices for display. Herein, a perceptual and interaction strategy based on electroluminescent and triboelectric sensing 3D stacked wearable device (ETD) is proposed to address current issues. The ETD utilizes a bottom triboelectric sensor for tactile physiological information, which is processed and analyzed, ultimately triggering the selective illumination of the top electroluminescent array through external power circuitry. The ETD possesses the capability to generate a 100 V with 1.5 cm2 and stable visual interaction ability at 30 V drive voltage. Based on outstanding features of the ETD, two medical assistance scenarios are explored. I) The ETD captures physiological signals, such as pulse rate, respiratory rate, and special joint flexion, and in situ displays the corresponding physiological information, effectively assisting the patients/elders in self‐monitoring. II) A bidirectional interactive telemedicine assistive system utilizing ETDs is implemented, which not only gathers real‐time activity status from patients/elders but also realizes that remote physician assesses the safety status and the assessment results are wirelessly back‐communicated to the ETD, enabling real‐time interaction of the physician advice.
Induced Diffusion Effect Realizes Heterogeneous Separation/Aggregation for In Situ Fabrication of Heterostructure with Enhanced Catalytic Activity
Authors: Li Hang , Ding Xinyu , Su Mengfei , Zhang Chunyan , Gao Feng , Lu Qingyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpace charge transfer, which can be provided by heterogeneous structure, is the key to efficient electrocatalytic processes. However, difficulty in controlling the relative atomic diffusion rates due to different atomic radii and affinity makes heterogeneous nanostructures difficult to be accurately designed. Herein, an induced diffusion strategy based on affinity differences between elements is proposed to direct the separation/aggregation of different components in the precursor. The key to strategy in this study is the different affinity of Cu and Co to S/P in the precursor of CuCo Prussian blue analogue (PBA). By controlling the molar ratio of S and P during the phosphorization/vulcanization process, induced diffusion can be achieved and leads to directional separation/aggregation of Cu and Co species. As a result, a heterogeneous yolk‐shell Cu2S@CoP2‐C‐N‐S structure is successfully synthesized with a reticular CoP2‐C‐N‐Cu‐S as the shell and a Cu2S nanocrystal as the core. The space charge effect of the semiconductor heterojunction resulting from component separation/aggregation significantly promotes oxygen evolution reaction, resulting in an ultralow overpotential of 180 mV at 10 mA·cm−2. This work not only provides a simple method for efficient separation of key components in gas‐solid systems but also provides a method for fine‐tuning the active site in an active‐site‐engineering approach.
Scavenging Energy and Information through Dynamically Regulating the Electrical Double Layer
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Zhong Lin , Wei Di 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe electrical double layer (EDL) between solids and liquids serves as the primary interface for ionic‐electronic coupling and is pivotal in nanoscale phenomena, governing electric field effects, ion transport, surface interactions, etc. Dynamically regulating the EDL through mechanical or electrostatic methods can influence charge carrier behavior, thereby impacting energy scavenging and storage processes. This regulation enabled efficient energy scavenging by governing ionic migration and optimizing charge carrier concentration at the interface, presenting a novel avenue to achieve efficient energy and information flow. Here, various scavenging energy and information devices through dynamically regulating the EDL are systematically reviewed. They are classified into three groups by regulating the distribution and movement of charge carriers throughout the entire EDL, diffuse layer, and Debye length range. The review provided a comprehensive overview of the operating principles, influencing factors, output characteristics, and typical applications, along with a discussion on future challenges. This holistic examination offers researchers valuable insights for evaluating their applicability in various scenarios.
Oxygen‐Centered Organic Radicals‐Involved Unified Heterogeneous Self‐Fenton Process for Stable Mineralization of Micropollutants in Water
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Huang Yuyan , Yan Huijie , Cheng Yingyi , Ye Yu‐Xin , Zhu Fang , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRemoving organic micropollutants from water through photocatalysis is hindered by catalyst instability and substantial residuals from incomplete mineralization. Here, a novel water treatment paradigm, the unified heterogeneous self‐Fenton process (UHSFP), which achieved an impressive 32% photon utilization efficiency at 470 nm, and a significant 94% mineralization of organic micropollutants—all without the continual addition of oxidants and iron ions is presented. In UHSFP, the active species differs fundamentally from traditional photocatalytic processes. One electron acceptor unit of photocatalyst acquires only one photogenerated electron to convert into oxygen‐centered organic radical (OCOR), then spontaneously completing subsequent processes, including pollutant degradation, hydrogen peroxide generation, activation, and mineralization of organic micropollutants. By bolstering electron‐transfer capabilities and diminishing catalyst affinity for oxygen in the photocatalytic process, the generation of superoxide radicals is effectively suppressed, preventing detrimental attacks on the catalyst. This study introduces an innovative and cost‐effective strategy for the efficient and stable mineralization of organic micropollutants, eliminating the necessity for continuous chemical inputs, providing a new perspective on water treatment technologies.