bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanization.
Authors: Diekmann J. , Al-Saleh Y. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

This paper discusses the different practices considered in lentil field crop mechanization including: field selection; soil tillage (deep tillage, shallow tillage and zero tillage); seedbed preparation; sowing; rolling; weed management; harvesting (hand harvesting, two-stage harvest and single-stage harvest); cleaning and storage; losses; and costs.
Virus diseases and their control.
Authors: Kumari S. G. , Larsen R. , Makkouk K. M. , Muhammad Bashir Muhammad Bashir 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

In this chapter, the transmission, symptoms, ecology and epidemiology of the most economically important viruses that infect lentil are discussed. Sensitive assays available for detection (immunological protein-based methods and molecular nucleic acid-based methods), and appropriate measures (breeding for resistance, and cultural, chemical and integrated control methods) for the management of these viruses are briefly described.
Breeding and genetics.
Authors: Iyer C. P. A. , Schnell R. J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

This chapter covers the following aspects of mango breeding and genetics: origin, distribution and cultivation of cultivars; reproductive mechanisms (polyembryony, floral biology and pollination incompatibility, and cytology); inheritance of characters (dwarfness, regular bearing and precocity, flesh colour, skin colour, flowering time, beak, disease resistance, and other horticultural traits); breeding objectives; methods of breeding (selection from open-pollinated seedlings and controlled pollination); handling of hybrid populations and selection (criteria for initial selection, pre-selection, marker-assisted selection, and molecular markers); minimizing problems in breeding (heavy fruit drop, long juvenile phase, and polyembryony); achievements of conventional breeding in India and other countries; mutations (somatic mutations and induced mutations); and breeding potential of wild species.
Postharvest physiology.
Authors: Brecht J. K. , Yahia E. M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

This chapter discusses the following aspects of mango postharvest physiology: ripening physiology; climacteric behaviour; ethylene production and responses; changes in composition during fruit maturation and ripening (organic acids, soluble sugars, structural polysaccharides, pigments and colour, phenolic compounds, and flavour compounds); transpiration and water loss; physical damage and physiological disorders (chilling injury and heat injury); modified atmospheres and controlled atmospheres (injuries associated with modified atmospheres and controlled atmospheres, modified atmosphere packaging, semipermeable coatings, and insecticidal controlled atmospheres); and manipulation of postharvest physiology by molecular biology.
World mango trade and the economics of mango production.
Authors: Evans E. A. , Mendoza O. J. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

This chapter covers the following aspects of world mango trade and production economics: recent trends in world and USA mango production, trade and consumption (world situation, and USA mango production, imports and consumption), and sample costs and returns associated with the establishment and production of mango orchards (general approach to estimating cost of production of orchard crops, main assumptions, discussion of establishment phase budget, discussion of production phase budget, and profitability analysis).
Toxic plants and companion animals.
Authors: Severino L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Poisoning by substances of plant origin is unusual in both dogs and cats, yet it is possible; as many veterinarians do not know which plants can contain toxic active principles, the possibility of intoxication by ornamental plants commonly used to decorate houses, gardens and parks cannot be considered in clinical practice; on the other hand, overestimating the problem is the opposite risk. Being aware of the conditions under which these poisonings can occur and carrying out all the necessary preventive measures, poisoning incidence can be reduced. The aim of the present work is to help veterinarians to know which plants can be responsible, even occasionally, for intoxication in companion animals. This review is not a botanical report, so specific works are suggested for a more detailed description of the plants mentioned; nevertheless, for each plant, the parts responsible for the intoxication, toxic principles and clinical symptoms following the ingestion of the latter and the correct therapeutic practice in cases of such poisoning are described.
Land use choice and land resource assessment in agriculture.
Authors: Baja S. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Land degradation is continuing to occur in many different environmental conditions. This is because land use choice in a particular area always goes beyond the capability and suitability of that area for such type of land use. Traditionally, land use choice depends very much on the criteria used, but in essence it should embrace three different and sometimes conflicting aspects: productivity, workability and the environment. The decision criteria derived from environmental attributes that represent degradation potential will become important determinants for sustained use of the land. As land qualities vary in space and change over time, land use is a dynamic entity which is subject to human intervention, socio-economic conditions and changing land use policy, and land is usually subject to degradation, effective land resource assessment is crucial for decision-making to arrive at an optimal land use choice. The primary aim of this review is to discuss some important aspects related to a fundamental concept of land use choices with the perspective of resources and the environment in agriculture. A case study is also presented that implements some analytical tools in decision-making procedures of land use allocation, following a proposed scheme in land resource assessment. The proposed scheme and the case study presented here reveal that much effort should be put in making use of land attribute information (criteria) and analytical tools that can provide an aid in support of optimal spatial decision-making in future land use placements.
Review of life-cycle assessment research for the Australian grain industries.
Authors: Biswas W. , John M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This paper seeks to review the existing, published life-cycle assessment (LCA) analyses of the grain supply chain in Australia that have identified 'hot spots' requiring environmental improvement. This article also discusses the application of cleaner production strategies for reducing life-cycle ecological footprints, and achieving further economic and environmental benefits in the grain supply chain. In conclusion, some recommendations are made to overcome some existing drawbacks for LCA grain research.
Adopting biological control for ornamental crops in greenhouses.
Authors: Marsh T. L. , Gallardo K. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This review addresses economic issues relating to the adoption of biological control methods by greenhouse growers who produce predominantly ornamental crops. Adoption of biological control for ornamental crops in greenhouses is interesting and unique, because the controlled greenhouse environment allows use of management strategies generally not feasible in traditional agricultural production and because aesthetic thresholds are important for ornamental markets. Selected literature is presented. The economic decision is outlined and important factors that impact adoption rates are identified and discussed.
Use of DSSAT to model cropping systems.
Authors: Sarkar R. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Crop simulation models have great significance in transferring new technologies to the farmers and decision-makers and Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) have been one of the most important of them. Ten years of endeavour in developing DSSAT by scientists of the International Benchmark Sites Network for Agrotechnology Transfer (IBSNAT) has turned DSSAT as a really useful tool for researchers and policy-makers for decision-making and to answer what - if questions related to a cropping system. Since its first release it has been customized and modified as a better suite of models to represent a system or simulate one or more crops with a system approach based on the soil and climate condition. Attachment of weather generators, genetic coefficients, GIS, databases and different decision support tools made DSSAT even more supportive to agriculturists for taking the right decision at the right time while keeping future scenario in mind. DSSAT have been widely used to simulate crop yield of a system under different management strategies, select management practices for optimum resource use and sustainable crop production with minimum malefic effect on environment, take right decision based on economic return of a system and alter management options based on weather changing. Although it has been extensively used in both developed and developing countries to increase food production and for nutrient and water management, it can still be exploited to solve many problems in this present age of information.
Sustainability of food, energy and environment with biofuels.
Authors: Khanna M. , Hochman G. , Rajagopal D. , Sexton S. , Zilberman D. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Growing reliance on food-based biofuels has created considerable controversy about their impact on food prices and the environment and led to scepticism about their sustainability. This review describes the concept of sustainability in the context of biofuels and then discusses the factors affecting the economic viability of current and next-generation biofuels and their environmental and social sustainability. Cellulosic biofuels from dedicated energy crops offer considerable promise for reducing the competition for land and avoiding many of the negative environmental impacts associated with corn-ethanol. But the production of any type of biofuel is likely to involve trade-offs among the multi-dimensional aspects of sustainability. Technological innovation and policy incentives are needed to develop more sustainable biofuels and to guide the mix of feedstocks, their methods and locations of production.
Progress in the development of tuberculosis vaccines for wildlife.
Authors: Buddle B. M. , Aldwell F. E. , Corner L. A. L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract

Wildlife reservoirs of
Mycobacterium bovis
(bovine tuberculosis) serve as an important source of infection for domestic animals and impede attempts to eradicate the disease in many countries. In addition, wildlife reservoirs of bovine tuberculosis cause serious problems in game parks and hunting estates, where infection can spill over to iconic or endangered wildlife species. In the past decade, much progress has been accomplished towards designing vaccines aimed at wildlife species. Indeed, vaccination is emerging as a promising strategy for control of disease in wildlife, and
M. bovis
bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been tested in a range of wildlife species, with very encouraging results. A crucial development has been the formulation of an oral bait delivery system, which provides a practical and cost-effective means of delivering a tuberculosis vaccine to wildlife. Major progress has been made in the development of the experimental challenge models in wildlife species, bait technology and the effectiveness of the vaccines against experimental challenge as well as to natural exposure to
M. bovis
. The aim of this review is to indicate the role for vaccines in control of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife and to provide an update on the development of these vaccines.
Encapsulation technologies for functional foods and nutraceutical product development.
Authors: Kailasapathy K. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
In the recent past, there has been significant interest in research and development of smart functional foods that maximize therapeutic health benefits to consumers. However, the food and nutraceutical industry is increasingly facing challenges in incorporating bioactive and health-promoting ingredients into food and nutraceuticals for sustained bioactivity without compromising their bioavailability and biofunctionality. Protection of bioactivity and controlled release of ingredients at the right location and at the right time is a key functionality that can be provided by encapsulation technologies. This review gives an overview of the recent trends in the various encapsulation techniques, application of encapsulation in the delivery of micronutrients and probiotic micro-organisms in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Digestibility of food allergens.
Authors: Velickovic T. C. , Radosavljevic J. , Stanic D. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Almost all known food allergens that sensitize via the gastrointestinal system belong to the prolamin and cupin protein superfamilies of allergens. These are mainly characterized by resistance to heat and digestion. Though appealing, the hypothesis that allergenicity is directly linked to stability to pepsin digestion remains controversial. Besides allergen structure, new data are emerging on the influence of various other factors on allergen survival and uptake by the gut immune system, some of them related to the properties of the food matrix, and others to the way we process food. Nevertheless, the accumulation of knowledge on all those various and complex interactions between food components and gut immune system will help us understand better food allergies and manufacture safer food.
A review of functional food: government, firms and consumers.
Authors: Puspa J. , Kühl R. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Recently, the functional food market has been confronted with some controversial dilemmas with respect to regulation; market convergence and consumer acceptance and psychological reaction towards it. Rigid regulation on health claims is not only designed to protect consumers from misleading and false marketing campaigns but it is also made to protect disruption of innovation. To develop and market a functional food, a firm needs to comply with this complex regulation and to manage its competencies and resources. Several pertinent competencies relevant for functional food market converge, including a selective measure of managing the firm's capabilities to adopt new technology and knowledge on the issues of consumer's dynamic behaviour, product development and commercialization of innovation. The main aim of this review is to provide insights into three key areas related to functional foods, i.e. regulation, problems encountered when developing a product and entering the functional food market and consumers' psychological set towards functional foods.
Stratigraphy and sedimentation in a rift basin modified by synchronous strike‐slip deformation: southern Xialiao basin, Bohai, offshore China
Authors: Hsiao L.‐Y. , Graham S. A. , Tilander N. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThe southern Xialiao basin, Bohai, offshore China, developed during Palaeogene time as the northern arm of the North China rift system. The right‐lateral Tan‐Lu fault developed contemporaneously along the central axis of the southern Xiaoliao basin. The syn‐rift stratigraphic megasequence of the southern Xialiao basin consists of Kongdian, Shahejie and Dongying sequences, corresponding to different phases of rifting. Sedimentation kept pace with tectonic subsidence during the deposition of the Kongdian and Dongying sequences, but was outpaced by tectonic subsidence during Shahejie deposition. The initial rift Kongdian sequence consists of alluvial conglomerate near the faulted basin margins, whereas deposits of lacustrine, dry‐pan or fluvial environments dominated basin centre. The rift climax Shahejie sequence is characterized by deep lacustrine mudstone and marginal lacustrine mudstone and siltstone towards the basin centre and margins, respectively, and the latter may include sublacustrine fan or surfaces of subaerial exposure. The late rift Dongying sequence consists of upward‐coarsening deltaic deposits, indicated by large southward‐prograding clinoform complexes, overlain by fluvial strata. Syn‐rift basin structures defined a basin‐and‐range configuration, consisting of half‐grabens bounded by normal and strike‐slip faults. However, an impinging, basement‐cored, rift uplift block forced transpression and surface uplift along the Tan‐Lu fault early in basin history, partitioning the Xiaoliao system basin into subbasins. As rifting waned and the basement block subsided, the Tan‐Lu system became transtensional, sedimentation overtook subsidence and the basin became a unified depositional basin. The Dongying sequence includes higher‐order sequences related to frequent lake‐level fluctuations. In addition to tectonism, lake‐level fluctuations likely were driven by climatic cyclicity, which shaped stratigraphic facies architecture by controlling areal extent of lakes and stacking pattern of higher‐order stratigraphic sequences.
Host specificity and reproductive success of yucca moths (Tegeticulaspp. Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae) mirror patterns of gene flow between host plant varieties of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia: Agavaceae)
Authors: SMITH CHRISTOPHER IRWIN , DRUMMOND CHRISTOPHER S. , GODSOE WILLIAM , YODER JEREMY B. , PELLMYR OLLE 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCoevolution between flowering plants and their pollinators is thought to have generated much of the diversity of life on Earth, but the population processes that may have produced these macroevolutionary patterns remain unclear. Mathematical models of coevolution in obligate pollination mutualisms suggest that phenotype matching between plants and their pollinators can generate reproductive isolation. Here, we test this hypothesis using a natural experiment that examines the role of natural selection on phenotype matching between yuccas and yucca moths(Tegeticulaspp.) in mediating reproductive isolation between two varieties of Joshua tree(Yucca brevifolia var. brevifoliaandY. brevifolia var. jaegeriana). Using passive monitoring techniques, DNA barcoding, microsatellite DNA genotyping, and sibship reconstruction, we track host specificity and the fitness consequences of host choice in a zone of sympatry. We show that the two moth species differ in their degree of host specificity and that oviposition on a foreign host plant results in the production of fewer offspring. This difference in host specificity between the two moth species mirrors patterns of chloroplast introgression from west to east between host varieties, suggesting that natural selection acting on pollinator phenotypes mediates gene flow and reproductive isolation between Joshua‐tree varieties.
The chloroplast protein BPG2 functions in brassinosteroid‐mediated post‐transcriptional accumulation of chloroplast rRNA
Authors: Komatsu Tomoyuki , Kawaide Hiroshi , Saito Chieko , Yamagami Ayumi , Shimada Setsuko , Nakazawa Miki , Matsui Minami , Nakano Akihiko , Tsujimoto Masafumi , Natsume Masahiro , Abe Hiroshi , Asami Tadao , Nakano Takeshi 
Published: November 2009

SummaryBrassinazole (Brz) is a specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis of brassinosteroids (BRs), which regulate plant organ and chloroplast development. We identified a recessive pale green Arabidopsis mutant, bpg2‐1 (Brz‐insensitive‐pale green 2‐1) that showed reduced sensitivity to chlorophyll accumulation promoted by Brz in the light. BPG2 encodes a chloroplast‐localized protein with a zinc finger motif and four GTP‐binding domains that are necessary for normal chloroplast biogenesis. BPG2‐homologous genes are evolutionally conserved in plants, green algae and bacteria. Expression of BPG2 is induced by light and Brz. Chloroplasts of the bpg2‐1 mutant have a decreased number of stacked grana thylakoids. In bpg2‐1 and bpg2‐2 mutants, there was no reduction in expression of rbcL and psbA, but there was abnormal accumulation of precursors of chloroplast 16S and 23S rRNA. Chloroplast protein accumulation induced by Brz was suppressed by the bpg2 mutation. These results indicate that BPG2 plays an important role in post‐transcriptional and translational regulation in the chloroplast, and is a component of BR signaling.
Sirolimus‐induced signaling modifications in Kaposi’s sarcoma with resolution in a liver transplant recipient
Authors: Ho Cheng‐Maw , Huang Shiu‐Feng , Hu Rey‐Heng , Ho Ming‐Chih , Wu Yao‐Ming , Lee Po‐Huang 
Published: November 2009

Ho C‐M, Huang S‐F, Hu R‐H, Ho M‐C, Wu Y‐M, Lee P‐H. Sirolimus‐induced signaling modifications in Kaposi’s sarcoma with resolution in a liver transplant recipient. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 127–132. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Sirolimus is one treatment option in transplant recipients with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), which involves dysregulation of Akt‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Signal modifications after sirolimus therapy in organ recipients with KS are largely unknown and not verified. We reported a case of KS found two yr after liver transplantation in which the immunosuppression was changed from tacrolimus, MMF, and steroid to sirolimus alone. In skin, which was found to have persistent KS after a two‐month treatment of sirolimus and was removed completely one yr later, KS was no longer present. The patient went well without graft rejection. Tumor biopsies were performed before, two months, and one yr after the start of sirolimus. Immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p‐Akt, p‐mTOR, p‐p70 S6 kinase, and Western blot for p‐tuberin/ tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2 was performed. VEGF was suppressed thoroughly in two‐month use of sirolimus. In addition, p‐Akt and p‐mTOR, which were decreased at two months, could not be detected after one yr of treatment. Moreover, p‐p70 S6 kinase, expressed strongly in overlying epidermis initially, was suppressed completely after two months of treatment. However, p‐tuberin/TSC2, contrary to suggested theoretically, was not detected through all specimens, implying not to be a significant event. Suppressed expression of VEGF, p‐Akt, and p‐mTOR was the major event of signaling modification through the long‐term use of sirolimus.