bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scopolamine infusion in the basolateral amygdala after saccharin intake induces conditioned taste avoidance in rats
Authors: Torres-García Víctor Manuel , Rodríguez-Nava Emmanuel , Alcántara-Rivas Rosa Itzel , Picazo Ofir , Roldán-Roldán Gabriel , Morin Jean-Pascal 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Muscarinic receptor activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is known to be involved in plasticity mechanisms that underlie emotional learning. The BLA is involved in the Attenuation of Neophobia, an incidental taste learning task in which a novel taste becomes familiar and recognized as safe.

Objective
Here we assessed the role of muscarinic receptor activity in the BLA in incidental taste learning.

Methods
Young adult male Wistar rats were bilaterally implanted with cannulas aimed at BLA. After recovery, rats were randomly assigned to either vehicle or muscarinic antagonist group, for each experiment. We tested the effect of specific and non-specific muscarinic antagonists administered either 1) 20 min before novel taste presentation; 2) immediately after novel taste presentation; 3) immediately after retrieval (the second taste presentation on Day 5 -S2-) or immediately after the fifth taste presentation on Day 8 (S5).

Results
Non-specific muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine infused prior to novel taste, while not affecting novel taste preference, abolished AN, i.e., the increased preference observed in control animals on the second presentation. When administered after taste consumption, intra-BLA scopolamine not only prevented AN but caused a steep decrease in the taste preference on the second presentation. This scopolamine-induced taste avoidance was not dependent on taste novelty, nor did it generalize to another novel taste. Targeting putative postsynaptic muscarinic receptors with specific M1 or M3 antagonists appeared to produce a partial taste avoidance, while M2 antagonism had no effect.

Conclusion
These data suggest that if a salient gustatory experience is followed by muscarinic receptors antagonism in the BLA, it will be strongly and persistently avoided in the future. The study also shows that scopolamine is not just an amnesic drug, and its cognitive effects may be highly dependent on the task and the structure involved.
Non-additive effects of electrical stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the vestibular system on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans
Authors: McCarthy Brendan , Datta Sudipta , Sesa-Ashton Gianni , Wong Rebecca , Henderson Luke A , Dawood Tye , Macefield Vaughan G 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation (sGVS) induces robust modulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) alongside perceptions of side-to-side movement, sometimes with an accompanying feeling of nausea. We recently showed that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) also modulates MSNA, but does not generate any perceptions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that when the two stimuli are given concurrently, the modulation of MSNA would be additive. MSNA was recorded from 11 awake participants via a tungsten microelectrode inserted percutaneously into the right common peroneal nerve at the fibular head. Sinusoidal stimuli (± 2 mA, 0.08 Hz, 100 cycles) were applied in randomised order as follows: (i) tACS of the dlPFC at electroencephalogram (EEG) site F4 and referenced to the nasion; (ii) bilateral sGVS applied to the vestibular apparatuses via the mastoid processes; and (iii) tACS and sGVS together. Previously obtained data from 12 participants supplemented the data for stimulation protocols (i) and (ii). Cross-correlation analysis revealed that each stimulation protocol caused significant modulation of MSNA (modulation index (paired data): 35.2 ± 19.4% for sGVS; 27.8 ± 15.2% for tACS), but there were no additive effects when tACS and sGVS were delivered concurrently (32.1 ± 18.5%). This implies that the vestibulosympathetic reflexes are attenuated with concurrent dlPFC stimulation. These results suggest that the dlPFC is capable of blocking the processing of vestibular inputs through the brainstem and, hence, the generation of vestibulosympathetic reflexes.
Patent Foramen Ovale in Children: A Review of Recent Progress
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Gao Chao , Chen Wei , Ma Hui , Tao Ling 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe support has been provided by clinical trials and guidelines for managing patent foramen ovale (PFO) in adults; however, the optimal approach is still unclear for treating PFO in pediatric patients. PFO and its associated clinical syndromes, imaging diagnosis, and management in pediatric patients were analyzed by a comprehensive analysis. Extensive research was performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and EMBASE. This review includes the studies published until February 1st, 2024. A total of 583 articles were obtained, of which 54 were included in the comprehensive review. Numerous evidences have indicated that a right-to-left shunt through a PFO may be involved in cryptogenic stroke in children, although the connection between migraine and aura has not been substantiated by robust evidence. Children with sickle cell disease and a PFO were at higher risks of paradoxical embolization, rare syndromes caused by PFO could also occur in children such as platypnea–orthodeoxia syndrome, myocardial infarction, and decompression sickness. Contrast transthoracic echocardiography was deemed the most appropriate examination for children due to its favorable transthoracic windows, eliminating the need for anesthesia. This review suggested that the additional treatment was not needed as no evidence was provided for potential future complications linked to isolated PFO in children. For children facing unique circumstances related to PFO, a customized interdisciplinary consultation is essential prior to considering medical interventions.
Combat phytopathogenic bacteria employing Argirium-SUNCs: limits and perspectives
Authors: Orfei Benedetta , Moretti Chiaraluce , Scian Anna , Paglialunga Michela , Loreti Stefania , Tatulli Giuseppe , Scotti Luca , Aceto Antonio , Buonaurio Roberto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bacterial plant diseases are difficult to control as the durability of deployed control measures is thwarted by continuous and rapid changing of bacterial populations. Although application of copper compounds to plants is the most widespread and inexpensive control measure, it is often partially efficacious for the frequent appearance of copper-resistant bacterial strains and it is raising concerns for the harmful effects of copper on environment and human health. Consequently, European Community included copper compounds in the list of substances candidates for substitution. Nanotechnologies and the application of nanoparticles seem to respond to the need to find new very effective and durable measures. We believe that Argirium-SUNCs®, silver ultra nanoclusters with an average size of 1.79 nm and characterized by rare oxidative states (Ag2+/3+), represent a valid candidate as a nano-bactericide in the control of plant bacterial diseases. Respect to the many silver nanoparticles described in the literature, Argirium-SUNCs have many strengths due to the reproducibility of the synthesis method, the purity and the stability of the preparation, the very strong (less than 1 ppm) antimicrobial, and anti-biofilm activities. In this mini-review, we provide information on this nanomaterial and on the possible application in agriculture.

Key points
• Argirium-SUNCs have strong antimicrobial activities against phytopathogenic bacteria.
• Argirium-SUNCs are a possible plant protection product.
• Argirium-SUNCs protect tomato plants against bacterial speck disease.

Graphical Abstract
Tamsulosin 0.8 mg daily dose in management of BPH patients with failed tamsulosin 0.4 mg monotherapy and unfit for surgical intervention
Authors: Dogha Mohamed Mahmoud , Shaker Hossam , Abdelazeez Assem , Abd-El Latif Ahmed , ElAdawy Mahmoud S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aim
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of administering double-dose tamsulosin (0.8 mg) for treating patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who have not responded to the standard single dose of tamsulosin (0.4 mg) and are deemed unsuitable for transurethral resection (TUR) intervention.

Materials and methods
Between November 2022 and July 2023, we prospectively analyzed 111 patients who were experiencing severe BPH symptoms. These patients received a double dose of tamsulosin for one month. We collected baseline characteristics such as age, body mass index, and underlying medical conditions. Various parameters including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, prostate volume, peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), voided volume, and post-void residual volume were evaluated before and after treatment.

Results
All 111 patients completed the study. The mean age, PSA level, and prostate volume were 63.12 ± 4.83 years, 3.42 ± 0.93 ng/ml, and 50.37 ± 19.23 ml, respectively. Of these patients, 93 showed improvement in Qmax, post-void residual volume, and IPSS score (p-value = 0.001). The total IPSS score and total Qmax improved from 24.03 ± 2.49 and 7.72 ± 1.64 ml/sec to 16.41 ± 3.84 and 12.08 ± 2.37 ml/sec, respectively.

Conclusion
Double-dose 0.8mg tamsulosin as an alpha-blocker therapy appears to be a viable temporary management option for BPH patients who have not responded to the standard single dose 0.4mg tamsulosin and are not suitable candidates for TUR intervention.
Shape/penetration analysis and comparisons of isolated spray plumes in a multi-hole Diesel spray
Authors: Mopuri Lokesh , Grahn Viljam , Sedarsky David , Hyvönen Jari 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFuel injection systems significantly impact the combustion process and play a key role in reducing harmful exhaust emissions in internal combustion engines. For dual-fuel (DF) engines operating in gas mode, ignition of the main fuel is typically controlled by directly injected liquid pilot fuel. Liquid pilot fuel’s initial penetration and total mass considerably impact exhaust emissions and combustion stability. We investigated the spray morphology of a multi-hole diesel fuel injector within a constant-volume spray chamber using high-speed shadowgraphy and Mie-scattering measurements. Two methodologies were employed. The first one utilized a nozzle equipped with a thimble structure to isolate a single plume. The second methodology known as plume-blocking, involved sealing the orifices of the multi-hole nozzle to generate a single-spray plume. Our findings revealed that the plume-blocking approach demonstrated greater penetration than the thimble-equipped nozzle. The rapid penetration of this method may restrict its applicability to single-spray studies. Sprays generated from this partially sealed nozzle exhibited noticeable disparities compared to an unblocked nozzle, whereas a nozzle equipped with a thimble produced similar outcomes to the standard nozzle. The orifices when sealed, modify the flow distribution within the sac volume, which consequently affects the spray characteristics. In summary, this research provides insights into the impacts of various plume isolation methods on spray morphology, thereby enhancing the understanding of spray behaviour in transient conditions by comparing plume variations and disturbances under various fuel pressure and ambient conditions.
Subseasonal relationship between the zonal oscillation of the Western Pacific Subtropical High and the South Asia High
Authors: Nie Jun , Fang Jiabei , Yang Xiu-Qun , Huang Qionghui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates relationship between the zonal oscillation of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and the South Asia High (SAH). As the WPSH extends westward, in upper-troposphere the SAH shows conspicuous eastward extension in 10–25-day period, while weak zonal movement in 25–50-day period. In 10–25-day period, the zonal oscillation of the SAH lags the movement of the WPSH by about one day. It is closely related with a westward moving anomalous high from the south of the Japan to the continent. Further analysis shows that the WPSH-related precipitation plays the significant role in the variation of this anomalous high. Accompanied with the westward extension of the WPSH, in lower-troposphere an anomalous anticyclonic circulation occupies the western Pacific. It enhances the moisture transportation to the east side of the SAH, causing above-normal precipitation here. With the enhancement of the precipitation, the anomalous diabatic heating induces divergence anomaly in upper-troposphere, and further stimulates anomalous high by the horizontal divergence effect, leading to the eastward extension of the SAH. In 25–50-day period, due to the weaker convective anomaly, the WPSH is unable to extend farther westward. As the result, less moisture is transported and the anomalous moisture convergence is restricted to the north of Yangtze River, and so is the precipitation. At the east side of the SAH it is dominated by the anomalous cooling, unfavorable for the stimulation of the anomalous high, and thus, the zonal oscillation of the SAH.
Effect of betulin oil on hair growth in hypothyroidism- a long-term blinded pilot study
Authors: Serrafi Agata , Gostyńska Karolina , Kasprzak Adrian , Wasilewski Andrzej , Marczyński Piotr , Kontek Sylwiusz , Lewandowski Wojciech 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
One common problem in various patient groups is excessive hair loss on the head. One such group is people struggling with hypothyroidism. The market for preparations for hair growth and hair loss prevention includes betulin.

Purpose
This pilot study investigated its effect on hair loss in hypothyroid patients.

Study design
The study included a group of hypothyroid patients and a control group of people without hypothyroidism. Participants were randomly divided into a group taking placebo and betulin.

Methods
Results were investigated using photographic assessment of hair, trichoscopy and subjective evaluation of participants.

Conclusion
The study did not conclusively prove that betulin would contribute to the inhibition of hair loss or regrowth.

Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of fibromyalgia frequency and quality of life in Notalgia paresthetica patients
Authors: Sarı Nihal , Kulaklı Sevgi , Oğuz Işıl Deniz , Akşan Burak , Sarı İlker Fatih 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBased on the presence of chronic pain and the potential use of common treatment agents in Notalgia Paresthetica (NP) and Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) for improvement, we aimed to investigate the frequency of FMS symptoms in NP patients and its impact on quality of life. This study is a case control cohort study including 26 patients diagnosed with NP and a total of 26 controls matched for age and gender. The 2016 revised fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) were used to inquire about FMS diagnosis criteria in the study. According to the 2016 ACR revised FMS diagnostic criteria, the frequency of FMS was significantly higher in the patient group (n = 9, 34.6%) compared to the control group (n = 2, 7.7%) (p = 0.042). The Wide Pain Index (WPI) score in the control group was 2.00 (3.25), while in the patient group, it was 4.00 (8.00), with a statistically significant difference between them (p < 0.035). Furthermore, significant statistical differences were found between the two groups in terms of Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), Fibromyalgia Score (FS), and FIQ (p < 0.035, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). In NP patients with accompanying FMS, Dermatology Life Quality Index was significantly more affected compared to those without FMS (p = 0.025). In conclusion, we recommend that NP patients be questioned about FMS, which is characterized by generalized pain, as well as regional neuropathic symptoms. Treatment success can be enhanced by using common agents in the treatment choice for accompanying FMS.
Status epilepticus in POLG disease: a large multinational study
Authors: Hikmat Omar , Naess Karin , Engvall Martin , Klingenberg Claus , Rasmussen Magnhild , Brodtkorb Eylert , Ostergaard Elsebet , de Coo Irenaeus , Pias-Peleteiro Leticia , Isohanni Pirjo , Uusimaa Johanna , Majamaa Kari , Kärppä Mikko , Ortigoza-Escobar Juan Dario , Tangeraas Trine , Berland Siren , Harrison Emma , Biggs Heather , Horvath Rita , Darin Niklas , Rahman Shamima , Bindoff Laurence A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe aimed to provide a detailed phenotypic description of status epilepticus (SE) in a large cohort of patients with POLG disease and identify prognostic biomarkers to improve the management of this life-threatening condition. In a multinational, retrospective study with data on patients with POLG disease from seven European countries, we identified those who had SE. The age of SE onset, accompanying clinical, laboratory, imaging and genetic findings were analysed. One hundred and ninety-five patients with genetically confirmed POLG disease were recruited, of whom 67% (130/194) had epilepsy. SE was identified in 77% (97/126), with a median age of SE onset of 7 years. SE was the presenting symptom of the disease in 43% (40/93) of those with SE, while 57% (53/93) developed SE during the disease course. Convulsive SE was reported in 97% (91/94) followed by epilepsia partialis continua in 67% (56/84). Liver impairment 78% (74/95), ataxia 69% (60/87), stroke-like episodes 57% (50/88), were the major comorbidities. In the majority (66%; 57/86) with SE this became refractory or super-refractory. The presence of seizures was associated with significantly higher mortality compared to those without (P ≤ 0.001). The median time from SE debut to death was 5 months. SE is a major clinical feature of POLG disease in early and juvenile to adult-onset disease and can be the presenting feature or arise as part of a multisystem disease. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with the majority of patients with SE going on to develop refractory or super-refractory SE.
Noise or signal? Spontaneous activity of dorsal horn neurons: patterns and function in health and disease
Authors: Lucas-Romero Javier , Rivera-Arconada Ivan , Lopez-Garcia Jose Antonio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpontaneous activity refers to the firing of action potentials by neurons in the absence of external stimulation. Initially considered an artifact or “noise” in the nervous system, it is now recognized as a potential feature of neural function. Spontaneous activity has been observed in various brain areas, in experimental preparations from different animal species, and in live animals and humans using non-invasive imaging techniques. In this review, we specifically focus on the spontaneous activity of dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord. We use a historical perspective to set the basis for a novel classification of the different patterns of spontaneous activity exhibited by dorsal horn neurons. Then we examine the origins of this activity and propose a model circuit to explain how the activity is generated and transmitted to the dorsal horn. Finally, we discuss possible roles of this activity during development and during signal processing under physiological conditions and pain states. By analyzing recent studies on the spontaneous activity of dorsal horn neurons, we aim to shed light on its significance in sensory processing. Understanding the different patterns of activity, the origins of this activity, and the potential roles it may play, will contribute to our knowledge of sensory mechanisms, including pain, to facilitate the modeling of spinal circuits and hopefully to explore novel strategies for pain treatment.
The effect of typicality training on costly safety behavior generalization
Authors: Kesim Işık E. , Pittig Andre , Wong Alex H. K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background and objectives
Typicality asymmetry in generalization refers to enhanced fear generalization when trained with typical compared to atypical exemplars. Typical exemplars are highly representative of their category, whereas atypical exemplars are less representative. Individual risk factors, such as trait anxiety, attenuate this effect, due to the high level of threat ambiguity of atypical exemplars. Although recent research provided evidence for generalization of safety behavior, it is unclear whether this generalization also follows typicality asymmetry. This study examined (1) whether participants exhibited typicality asymmetry in the generalization of safety behavior and (2) whether this effect would be attenuated by individual risk factors, such as intolerance of uncertainty and trait anxiety.

Methods
Participants were trained with either typical (Typical group, n = 53) or atypical (Atypical group, n = 55) exemplars in a fear and avoidance conditioning procedure. Participants acquired differential conditioned fear and costly safety behavior to the threat- and safety-related exemplars. In a following Generalization Test, the degree of safety behavior to novel exemplars of the same categories was tested.

Results
The Atypical group showed greater differential safety behavior responses compared to the Typical group. Higher trait anxiety was associated with lower differential safety behavior generalization, driven by an increase in generalized responding to novel safety-related exemplars. Limitations: This study used hypothetical cost instead of real cost.

Conclusions
Training with atypical exemplars led to greater safety behavior generalization. Moreover, individuals with high trait anxiety show impaired safety behavior generalization.
Effect of loading rate and pH on glycerol fermentation and microbial population in an upflow anaerobic filter reactor
Authors: Cordeiro Cândida N. , Rojas Patricia , Veras Shyrlane T. S. , Kato Mario T. , Florencio Lourdinha , Sanz José Luis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA reactor with silicone tubes as support medium was used for glycerol fermentation. The experimental set-up consisted of three phases. In P1, the applied glycerol loading rate (gly-LR) was in the range of 6–10 g.L−1.d−1 at an influent pH of 7.9 ± 0.4. In P2, gly-LR was kept constant (18.0 ± 1.8 g.L−1.d−1) with different doses of NaHCO3. Finally in P3, two different gly-LR (9 and 18 g.L−1.d−1) were evaluated, dosing 1 g-NaHCO3 per g-COD of glycerol. Glycerol consumption was close 90%. The main end-product was 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) (0.40 mol.mol-gly−1), but ethanol was also generated, particularly at pH above 8 and low gly-LR (0.20 mol.mol-gly−1). After 1-year operation with glycerol as the only carbon source, a drastic shift in the bacterial community was observed. The 1,3-PDO producers Lacrimispora and Clostridium became dominant, although non-glycerol-degrading fermentative genera, e.g., Actinomyces and Eubacterium, thrived at the expense of cellular breakdown products.
Graphical abstract
Multi-center study of use of the Exeter stem in Japan: a 10-year follow-up report
Authors: Sakurai Tatsuro , Fujita Hiroshi , Iwase Toshiki , Sasaki Kan , Katayama Naoyuki , Otsuka Hiromi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Since the introduction of the Exeter stem for clinical use in Japan in 1996, the number of stems used has continued to rise owing to its favorable results. We investigated the outcomes of patients who had previously undergone total hip arthroplasty with the Exeter stem in Japan with a 10-year + follow-up period.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study used clinical and radiographic data of 682 cases of primary total hip arthroplasty performed using the Exeter stem.

Results
The mean postoperative follow-up period was 13.3 years. Femoral-side revision was required in 14 hips, with no cases of aseptic stem loosening-associated revision observed. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis predicted 97.3% 15-year survival when revision for any reason was used as the endpoint.

Conclusion
The obtained findings suggested the excellent long-term stability of the Exeter stem for primary total hip arthroplasty in Japan.