bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical challenges in the management of a prenatally diagnosed cloacal malformation
Authors: Khuja Mehtap , Nouri Aria , Wilczyński Jan , Dzieniecka Monika , Grzesiak Mariusz , Podciechowski Lech , Finke Daria , Majos Agata , Stefańczyk Ludomir , Nowakowska Dorota 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTCloacal dysgenesis sequence is a severe malformation of the primitive cloaca and is characterized by a phallus‐like structure, smooth perineum and the absence of genitourinary and anal orifices. It is usually accompanied by oligohydramnios, kidney dysplasia, and pulmonary hypoplasia. We present a case of a 29‐year‐old woman who was referred at 26 weeks of gestation due to an enlarged fetal abdominal circumference. Investigations revealed the presence of fetal ascites, intrapelvic cysts, calcified meconium, severe oligohydramnios and a 46XX karyotype. Fetal abdominal parecentesis performed on several occasions failed to reduce intra‐abdominal pressure. To our knowledge this case represents the first variation of cloacal dysgenesis sequence to contain three dysmorphic structures along with the common findings of this anomaly.
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Polymorphisms and Erectile Dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Jia-Li , Wang Hai-Gang , Gao Hai-Qing , Zhai Guang-Xi , Chang Ping , Chen Yu-Guo 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTIntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disorder noted for affecting quality of life. Several studies have reported the influence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) polymorphisms on ED susceptibility. However, results of association studies with individually low statistical power are conflicting.AimOur study aimed to carry out a meta-analysis estimating the association between eNOS variants and the risk of ED.MethodsStudies regarding the association between eNOS polymorphisms and ED were searched in Medline and Embase databases. The relevant studies that met the inclusion criteria were eligible for the analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresFive genetic models and a generalized odds ratio (ORG) were used to estimate the association between eNOS G894T and variable number of 27-bp tandem repeats in intron 4 (4 VNTR) and the risk of ED.ResultsNine articles were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, significant association between the 894T variant and an increased risk of ED was derived for all genetic contrasts except for the recessive model (allele contrast: OR=1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–2.60). The meta-analysis based on the ORG also produced significant results: ORG =1.64, 95% CI: 1.03–2.61. Significant heterogeneity and publication bias were detected. The cumulative meta-analysis showed the OR increased from 2003 to 2009 and then declined in 2010. Instability in the relative change of OR was observed. Regarding 4 VNTR and its association with ED, the overall analysis showed a lack of significant association (OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.72–1.28). No evidence for heterogeneity among studies was observed. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity and recruitment strategy also yielded nonsignificant results.ConclusionThe result supports that G894T variant is associated with an increase in the risk of ED. No evidence for a significant association between 4VNTR and ED is observed. The results of the present meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution. Further confirmation in large and well-designed studies is needed.
Time Course of Recovery of Erectile Function After Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy: Does Anyone Recover After 2 Years?
Authors: Rabbani Farhang , Schiff Jeffrey , Piecuch Michael , Yunis Luis Herran , Eastham James A. , Scardino Peter T. , Mulhall John P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Given the paucity of literature on the time course of recovery of erectile function (EF) after radical prostatectomy (RP), many publications have led patients and clinicians to believe that erections are unlikely to recover beyond 2 years after RP.

Aims
We sought to determine the time course of recovery of EF beyond 2 years after bilateral nerve sparing (BNS) RP and to determine factors predictive of continued improved recovery beyond 2 years.

Methods
EF was assessed prospectively on a 5-point scale: (i) full erections; (ii) diminished erections routinely sufficient for intercourse; (iii) partial erections occasionally satisfactory for intercourse; (iv) partial erections unsatisfactory for intercourse; and (v) no erections. From 01/1999 to 01/2007, 136 preoperatively potent (levels 1–2) men who underwent BNS RP without prior treatment and who had not recovered consistently functional erections (levels 1–2) at 24 months had further follow-up regarding EF. Median follow-up after the 2-year visit was 36.0 months.

Main Outcome Measures
Recovery of improved erections at a later date: recovery of EF level 1–2 in those with level 3 EF at 2 years and recovery of EF level 1–3 in those with level 4–5 EF at 2 years.

Results
The actuarial rates of further improved recovery of EF to level 1–2 in those with level 3 EF at 2 years and to level 1–3 in those with level 4–5 EF at 2 years were 8%, 20%, and 23% at 3, 4, and 5 years postoperatively, and 5%, 17%, and 21% at 3, 4, and 5 years postoperatively, respectively. Younger age was predictive of greater likelihood of recovery beyond 2 years.

Conclusion
There is continued improvement in EF beyond 2 years after BNS RP. Discussion of this prolonged time course of recovery may allow patients to have a more realistic expectation.
Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Placement in Men with Peyronie’s Disease and Drug-resistant Erectile Dysfunction: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Levine Laurence A. , Benson Jonas , Hoover Christopher 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) frequently accompanies Peyronie’s disease (PD) and changes the therapeutic approach.

Aim
To evaluate a single-center experience with inflatable penile prostheses (IPP) in men with medication refractory ED and PD.

Methods
Ninety men underwent placement of an IPP with straightening maneuvers as necessary to address their deformity and ED.

Main Outcome Measures
Preoperative assessment included International Index of Erectile Function-erectile function domain (IIEF-EF) and duplex ultrasound to confirm ED and measure erect deformity. Postoperative assessment included a modified Erectile Dysfunction Index of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaire, as well as office visits at 1, 6, and every 12 months thereafter.

Results
Complete chart review was performed with mean follow-up of 49 months. Mean preoperative IIEF-EF score was 11. Full rigidity was not obtained in any patient during duplex ultrasound. Mean curvature at maximum erection was 53°. There were seven mechanical failures requiring device replacement, two revision surgeries for pump or reservoir malposition, one infected device, and two corporoplasties for distal tunica erosion. Postoperative office assessment revealed a functionally straight (i.e., &lt;20°) erect penis and a properly positioned as well as operational device in all patients. The modified EDITS questionnaire was returned by 56 (62%). Overall, 84% of patients were satisfied with their outcome, yet only 73% were satisfied with their straightness. Patient perceived postoperative curvature correction stabilized quickly and was complete by 3 months in 84% of patients. Satisfaction with ease of inflation, deflation, and concealability was 84%, 71%, and 91%, respectively. Coital activity was reported by 91% of men in this group.

Conclusion
In men with PD and ED, IPP placement allowed reliable and satisfactory coitus for the great majority of men. Mechanical failure was 7%. Men with PD undergoing IPP placement should be counseled regarding potential penile length loss and residual curvature, neither of which appeared to interfere with coitus but may reduce satisfaction.
Measuring Women’s Satisfaction with Treatment for Sexual Dysfunction: Development and Initial Validation of the Women’s Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (WITS-9)
Authors: Corty Eric W. , Althof Stanley E. , Wieder Miki 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Aim
To develop a brief, psychometrically sound, measure of satisfaction with treatment for female sexual arousal disorder.

Method
In Phase 1, women in focus groups generated items measuring satisfaction with treatment for arousal disorder. In Phase 2, expert clinicians/researchers and women with self-reported female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) assessed the content validity of the items. In Phase 3, women enrolled in a double-blind treatment trial for female sexual dysfunction completed the Women’s Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (WITS) and the Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI) to provide reliability and validity information.

Main Outcome Measures
WITS and FSFI.

Results
In Phase 2, 36 items demonstrated adequate content validity. In Phase 3, 20 items correlated with symptom improvement on the FSFI arousal subscale. Factor analysis sorted these items into three dimensions: initiation/receptivity satisfaction, treatment satisfaction, and perceived partner satisfaction. The three items with the highest loadings on each factor formed the WITS-9. Internal consistency (α) reliability coefficients for the total WITS-9 score and the three subscale scores were 0.92, 0.93, 0.92, and 0.79, respectively. Correlations of WITS-9 scores with the FSFI change scores for subgroups with different sexual dysfunctions offer construct validity support that the WITS-9 measures treatment satisfaction for women with a variety of sexual dysfunctions.

Conclusions
The WITS-9 is a brief, psychometrically sound scale that is useful for assessing treatment satisfaction in women with sexual dysfunctions. While the WITS-9 is promising, further work needs to be done to obtain reliability and validity information in additional samples.
Penile Sclerosing Lipogranulomas and Disfigurement from Use of “1Super Extenze” Among Laotian Immigrants
Authors: Manny Ted , Pettus Joseph , Hemal Ashok , Marks Malcolm , Mirzazadeh Majid 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Subcutaneous penile injection of various oils for penile augmentation has been described among men in Laos. We have now treated three Laotian immigrants with penile disfigurement secondary to sclerosing lipogranulomas, also known as paraffinoma, induced by injection of a mineral oil compound marketed as “1Super Extenze,” which they purchased in the United States.

Aim
This series describes the clinical course and management of complications associated with the use of “1Super Extenze” in three Laotian men.

Methods
Surgeons excised all grossly affected tissue and performed reconstruction using skin grafting, Z-plasty, and tissue advancement, respectively. Tissue from the penile shaft of each patient and a local lymph node in one patient was examined microscopically. Mass spectroscopy was performed on an aliquot of “1Super Extenze.”

Main Outcome Measures
Urinary function, sexual function, and cosmesis of the three reported cases, chemical composition of “1Super Extenze,” and microscopic analysis of penile and regional lymphatic tissue.

Results
Short-term cosmetic and functional outcomes were acceptable after surgical intervention. Histologic findings consistent with sclerosing lipogranulomas were seen in specimens from affected subcutaneous and lymphatic tissue. “1Super Extenze” proved to be composed of mineral oil with tocopherol acetate (vitamin E).

Conclusion
Injection of “1Super Extenze” into the penile shaft results in sclerosing lipogranulomas, which can cause severe sexual and urinary complications. Surgical resection of all grossly involved tissue with appropriate reconstruction can mitigate these problems. This series supports previous recommendations in the literature that men should avoid the use of non-medical foreign bodies and fillers as means of penile augmentation.
Single‐stage procedure in management of uncomplicated acute sigmoid volvulus without colonic lavage
Authors: El‐labban Gouda M. , Saber Aly 
Published: August 2010

Aim: The management of sigmoid volvulus remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the postoperative outcome of patients with acute non‐complicated sigmoid volvulus managed with resection and anastomosis without preoperative colonic lavage.Methods: From January 2007 to December 2009, 40 patients with uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus underwent bowel decompression, resection and anastomosis without preoperative mechanical colonic preparation.Results: A total of 40 patients underwent the procedure, one patient developed anastomotic leak. Wound infection was reported in three patients, one death was a result of respiratory failure.Conclusion: Surgical management of sigmoid volvulus in one step without preoperative colonic lavage is a safe procedure and is recommended for acute cases.
Climate Change, Uncertainty, and Adaptation: The Case of Irrigated Agriculture in the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia
Authors: Quiggin John , Adamson David , Chambers Sarah , Schrobback Peggy 
Published: August 2010

Climate change is likely to have substantial effects on irrigated agriculture. Extreme climate events, such as droughts, are likely to become more common. These patterns are evident in median projections of climate change for the Murray–Darling Basin in Australia. Understanding climate change effects on returns from irrigation involves explicit representation of spatial changes in natural stocks (i.e., water supply) and their temporal variability (i.e., frequency of drought states of nature) and the active management responses to capital stocks represented by mitigation and alternative adaptation strategies by state of nature. A change in the frequency of drought will induce a change in the allocation of land and water between productive activities. In this paper, a simulation model of state‐contingent production is used to analyze the effects of climate change adaptation and mitigation. In the absence of mitigation, climate change will have severe adverse effects on irrigated agriculture in the Basin. However, a combination of climate mitigation and adaptation through changes in land and water use will allow the maintenance of agricultural water use and environmental flows. Le changement climatique risque d’avoir des répercussions considérables sur l’agriculture irriguée. Les phénomènes climatiques extrêmes, tels que les sécheresses, risquent de devenir plus fréquents. Ces phénomènes sont mis en évidence dans les projections médianes du changement climatique établies pour le bassin de Murray–Darling, en Australie. Pour comprendre les répercussions du changement climatique sur le rendement des cultures irriguées, il faut disposer d’une représentation explicite des changements spatiaux qui touchent les stocks naturels (c.‐à‐d. l’approvisionnement en eau) et de leur variabilité temporelle (c.‐à‐d. les états de la nature de la fréquence de la sécheresse) et assurer une gestion active des stocks de capital grâce à des stratégies d’atténuation et d’adaptation selon l’état de la nature. Une variation de la fréquence des sécheresses entraînera une modification de l’allocation des terres et de l’eau entre les activités de production. Dans le présent article, nous avons utilisé un modèle de simulation états‐contingences pour analyser les répercussions des stratégies d’atténuation du changement climatique et d’adaptation à ce changement. En l’absence de stratégies d’atténuation, le changement climatique aura des répercussions défavorables sur l’agriculture irriguée dans le Bassin. Toutefois, des stratégies d’atténuation combinées à des stratégies d’adaptation comprenant des changements dans l’utilisation des terres et de l’eau permettront de maintenir l’utilisation de l’eau à des fins agricoles et les débits environnementaux.
Was the progenitor of the Sagittarius stream a disc galaxy?
Authors: Peñarrubia Jorge , Belokurov Vasily , Evans N. W. , Martínez-Delgado David , Gilmore Gerard , Irwin Mike , Niederste-Ostholt Martin , Zucker Daniel B. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
We use N-body simulations to explore the possibility that the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy was originally a late-type, rotating disc galaxy, rather than a non-rotating, pressure-supported dwarf spheroidal galaxy, as previously thought. We find that bifurcations in the leading tail of the Sgr stream, similar to those detected by the SDSS survey, naturally arise in models where the Sgr disc is misaligned with respect to the orbital plane. Moreover, we show that the internal rotation of the progenitor may strongly alter the location of the leading tail projected on the sky, and thus affect the constraints on the shape of the Milky Way dark matter halo that may be derived from modelling the Sgr stream. Our models provide a clear, easily tested prediction; although tidal mass stripping removes a large fraction of the original angular momentum in the progenitor dwarf galaxy, the remnant core should still rotate with a velocity amplitude ∼20 km s−1 that could be readily detected in future, wide-field kinematic surveys of the Sgr dwarf.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION OF THOROUGHBRED RACEHORSES
Authors: Caple I. W. , Bourke J. M. , Ellis P. G. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY The calcium and phosphorus nutrition of thoroughbred racehorses was assessed by analysis of serum and urine samples collected from 90 horses in 1975 and 139 horses in 1980–81 at racetracks in Melbourne. Horses that were excreting greater than 15 μmole Ca/mosmole and which had a calcium to creatinine clearance ratio greater than 2.5% were considered to have adequate Ca intake. Horses that were excreting greater than 15 μmole P/mosmole and which had a phosphorus to creatinine clearance ratio greater than 4% were considered to have excessive phosphorus intake.Sixty‐percent of the horses sampled had adequate Ca intake, and 44% had excessive intakes of P. Twenty‐five percent of the horses were excreting more P in urine than Ca. This would indicate these horses were subjected to nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism, and horses entered in races by 53 of 99 trainers were in this category.It may be concluded that a high proportion (40%) of thoroughbred racehorses receive inadequate calcium nutrition while they are fed high‐grain diets during racing.
Pathology in the ovine foetus caused by an ovine pestivirus
Authors: PLANT J. W. , WALKER K. H. , ACLAND H. M. , GARD G. P. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Homogenised tissues or tissue culture supernatant fluid containing a non‐cytopathic pestivirus obtained from a lamb with a neurologic form of border disease, were inoculated into ewes at different stages of pregnancy.Foetal death occurred in 9 ewes of those inoculated between 19 and 47 days of pregnancy while 3 ewes did not lamb. Eight of the foetuses were aborted between 77 and 132 days of pregnancy; of these 6 were autolysed or mummified and one had arthrogryposis. The one full‐term dead lamb had a hairy birth coat and lissencephalic micrencephaly.Foetal death occurred in only 7 of 14 ewes inoculated between 57 and 72 days of pregnancy. Four of these ewes aborted between 77 and 108 days of pregnancy and 3 gave birth to full‐term, dead, hairy lambs. The remaining 7 ewes gave birth to live hairy lambs with severe inco‐ordination.All lambs carried to term and aborted foetuses or lambs that could be examined had a range of intracranial malformations including focal leucomalacia, micrencephaly, hydranencephaly, porencephaly, lissencephaiy and cerebellar hypoplasia. Some lambs also had skeletal abnormalities including arthrogryposis, scoliosis and brachygnathia inferior.The pestivirus isolate used in these trials produced more severe effects on the ovine foetus than previously observed in similar inoculation trials using pestivirus isolates from border disease lambs without nervous signs.
Evaluation of a gel diffusion precipitin test for porcine parvovirus
Authors: TOO H. L. , SEAMAN J. T. , LITTLEJOHNS I. R. , LOVE R. J. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe use of a gel diffusion precipitin (GDP) test for the detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection in pigs is described. The close correlation between gel diffusion precipitin and haemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibody titres indicates that, with careful standardisation, a high level of sensitivity can be achieved with the GDP test and that it is a simple and relatively inexpensive alternative to the more commonly used HI test.Experimental infection of 2 groups of pigs showed that GDP and HI antibody responses were closely correlated and that GDP antibodies to PPV persisted for at least 41 weeks after infection.In a commercial herd study, serological evidence of declining passive immunity and subsequent acquisition of active immunity was demonstrated by measuring the GDP and HI antibody titres in sequential serum samples of pigs from a known PPV endemic farm.The GDP test described was shown to be less sensitive than haemagglutination (HA) in the detection of viral antigen but was, nevertheless, considered useful as a simple screening test for the amounts of antigen usually present in PPV infected mummified foetuses.
Vaccination of cattle against brucellosis using either a reduced dose of strain 19 or one or two doses of 45/20 vaccine
Authors: ALTON G. G. , CORNER L. A. , PLACKETT P. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY Three groups, each of 14 mature Jersey heifers, were vaccinated. They were mated about 2 months later and those that became pregnant were challenged at about 6.5 months of pregnancy by the conjunctival application of virulent Brucella abortus.Group 1 heifers received 2 doses of B. abortus 45/20 vaccine 2 months apart. Only 5 of the 14 heifers became pregnant, and of these 5 only one resisted challenge. Group 2 heifers received only one dose of 45/20 vaccine, 5 of the 10 challenged resisted infection. Group 3 heifers received 3 × 108 cfu of strain 19. Six of the 10 heifers challenged resisted infection. All of 5 non‐vaccinated control cattle became infected.It appeared advantageous to give only one dose of 45/20 rather than 2 as presently recommended. A single dose of 45/20 vaccine induced resistance to virulent B. abortus approximately equal to that given by the reduced dose of strain 19. One dose of 45/20 vaccine stimulated transient serological positivity in 2 of 28 heifers whereas the reduced dose of strain 19 gave rise to persistent titres in 2 of 14 vaccinated heifers.
Use of a modified open patch‐graft technique and valvulectomy for correction of severe pulmonic stenosis in dogs: eight consecutive cases
Authors: HUNT GB , PEARSON MRB , BELLENGER CR , MALIK R 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA modified open patch‐graft technique was used to correct congenital pulmonic stenosis in 8 dogs. Pulmonary valve dysplasia was moderate to severe in all cases, based upon clinical and echocardiographic criteria, and 3 dogs were in right‐sided congestive heart failure at the time of surgery. Seven of the 8 dogs survived the surgery. One surviving dog displayed cerebral cortical dysfunction, the remaining 6 had no detectable neurological sequelae. Right ventricular failure was alleviated in all 7 surviving dogs, but right ventricular dilatation persisted post‐operatively.Pulmonary valvulectomy and open patch‐grafting provides an effective means of alleviating signs of congestive heart failure caused by pulmonary valve dysplasia, even In the presence of severe infundibular hypertrophy and dynamic outflow obstruction.