bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earth passes between Pioneer 10 and the Sun
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The earth has passed between the Jupiter‐bound Pioneer 10 spacecraft and the sun. This is the second ‘inferior conjunction’ the spacecraft has experienced since launch to Jupiter in March of 1972. From this point, orbital travel of the earth will move it away from the spacecraft for the next six months.Pioneer 10 now is 90 million kilometers from Jupiter, and 530 mill ion kilometers from earth. The unmanned spacecraft will reach Jupiter on December 3 for history's first visit to the giant planet.
Catalogue lists available space photos
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Over 300 composite ‘false‐color’ satellite pictures that include most of the major urban areas in the United States as well as selected locations around the world are now available for purchase, according to a new bimonthly catalogue of the U.S. Geological Survey.Each picture, available as color prints or transparencies in sizes from 10×10 inches to 40×40 inches, covers an area of about 13,000 square miles. The pictures were prepared from simultaneous exposures in three wavelength bands taken by NASA's Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS 1). The exposures were combined to provide false‐color pictures in which vigorous vegetation appears bright red, clear water as dark blue, silty water as light blue, and bare fields, roads, and housing clusters as varied shades of white, gray, and light blue.
The Marine Technology Society honors William T. Pecora
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Marine Technology Society's Third Annual Memorial Lecture was given by John C. Whitaker, undersecretary of the Department of the Interior, at the opening of the MTS conference on September 10.The presentation was in honor of the late William T. Pecora, former Director of the U.S. Geological Survey. Whitaker reviewed Pecora's accomplishments as a scientist and administrator and discussed his conservation philosophy and its relationship to the current energy supply problem.
Macquarie University introduces new courses for the minerals industry
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Macquarie University will introduce two new developments in 1974 for students planning to work in the minerals industry. One is a minerals industry specialization within the existing diploma and master's programs in business administration, and the other is a diploma of geoscience. The new programs will be sponsored by the School of Earth Sciences and the business administration staff in the School of Economic and Financial Studies.A development in the area of advanced education for the mining and petroleum industries is the introduction of a diploma of geoscience by the School of Earth Sciences, which will include strands in mineral exploration and exploration geophysics. Intended to bring the recent graduate to professional level and to provide a means of continuing education for the active specialist, the programs are under the supervision of Peter F. Howard and K. Vozoff. Both have extensive practical exploration experience and are assisted by the largest geology and geophysics staffs of any Australian university. The program will include an advanced interdisciplinary seminar on the Economics and Finance of the Minerals Industry, which will emphasize discussions with leading mineral industry executives. The diploma augments the present honors and graduate programs in geology and geophysics.
“Negative feedback” in tropical rainstorms
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Soviet Union have made unique oceanographic measurements that show that rainstorms in the tropics sometimes put a damper on their own activity.Two NOAA scientists and a meteorologist from the USSR Hydrometeorological Service reported recently that measurements they made last July from a Soviet research ship, the R.V. Professor Zubov, show that the rainstorms cool the upper level of the ocean sufficiently to inhibit the upward convection of warm, moist air that causes the storms in the first place.
Epelrogeny and plate tectonics
Authors: Menard H.W. 
Published: October 2011

This review is generated by an intensification of interest in a classical subject of geology, vertical motions of the crust and their causes. The subject was examined qualitatively for more than a century within a paradigm of a mainly static earth that merely moved up and down. The new interest derives from the fact that some aspects of vertical motion can now be explained semi‐quantitatively and also from the realization that, in the paradigm of a dynamic earth, some vertical motions are related to horizontal drifting.The fact that large regions of the earth are warped vertically has been known since the beginnings of modern geology. Lyell [1835] cites Playfair and Von Buch among others who recognized the uplift of Scandinavia. Likewise, Darwin [1842] observed that the distribution of atolls and elevated islands establishes regional warping of ocean basins. The term ‘epeirogeny’ was coined by Gilbert [1890] to describe this broad, gentle warping, which is such a common feature of the history of the whole earth.
Major program to increase accuracy of geodetic network
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Secretary of Commerce Frederick B. Dent has announced a major program by the United States, Canada, and Mexico to modernize the geodetic network that provides the basis for all accurate horizontal surveying on the North American continent. Cost of the task, which was last performed almost a half century ago, is estimated at $16,000,000.The United States portion of the program is being conducted by the National Geodetic Survey, an agency of the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Efforts of the three governments are coordinated by John D. Bossier, Scientific Advisor to the Director of the National Geodetic Survey; L.A. Gale, Chief of the Geodetic Survey of Canada in Ottawa; and Eng. J. Alberto Villasana, Secretary of the Office of the President in Mexico City. Mexican participation in the program is being handled by the National Territory Studies Commission. The Mexican horizontal network comprises approximately 2000 geodetic survey points, the Canadian horizontal network about 8000 points, and the American network an estimated 120,000 points.
International Symposium on Mathematical Geophysics
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The IUGG Inter‐Association Committee on Mathematical Geophysics is sponsoring the tenth in a series of international symposia devoted to mathematical geophysics to be held in Cambridge, England, from June 25 to July 6, 1974.All scientists interested in attending the symposium are asked to communicate with J.A. Hudson, organizer of the symposium, as soon as possible.
CIRES Visiting Fellowship Program
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences promotes research and teaching in the physical sciences related to the earth and its environment. CIRES is jointly supported by the University of Colorado and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and serves as a center for multidisciplinary collaboration of research workers from the numerous scientific laboratories in Boulder and elsewhere. Currently, the principal research interests are in the mechanics of the solid earth, earthquakes, the geomagnetic field and paleomagnetism, electrical and electromagnetic phenomena within the earth, its atmosphere, and the space around it, and the dynamics of the atmosphere.The Visiting Fellows Program provides an opportunity for outstanding scientists working in appropriate fields to spend a period of time, normally one year, at CIRES.
NRC Postdoctoral Research for 1974
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council has announced the Research Associateship programs for 1974. These programs provide scientists and engineers with opportunities for postdoctoral research on problems in the fields of Chemistry, Space Sciences, Physics, Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, Engineering, Life Sciences, and Mathematics. The programs are conducted on behalf of and in cooperation with certain federal research organizations with laboratories at more than 80 geographic locations in the United States. Appointments are made on a competitive basis and are open to recent recipients of the doctorate and in some cases to senior investigators. Some are open to non‐U.S. citizens also.Approximately 250 awards will be made in 1974. Stipends (subject to income tax) will range from $13,000 upwards. Grants will be provided for family relocation and for professional travel during tenure. Applications must be postmarked by January 15, 1974. Awards will be announced in April.
New products
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

For the high‐energy shock needed to greatly extend the range of seismic surveying in soils and rock, Soiltest, Inc., has introduced an electromechanical shock source.In seismic surveying for civil engineering and shallow geologic applications the use of hand hammers, tampers, and even explosive charges sometimes is not enough to develop the shock waves needed for an adequate survey. Ambient noise may interfere with the waves generated by hand hammers. In populated areas, explosive sources may be prohibited.
Notes and commentary
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Roy E. Oltman, a retired employee of the U.S. Geological Survey, is the new Treasurer of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. He succeeds Ralph N. Wilson, who died unexpectedly last May.Oltman was appointed by the IAHS Bureau (Executive Committee) at its June 1973 meeting in the Dipoli Congress Hall, on the Otaniemi Campus of the University of Helsinki, Finland.
Foreign Reports Available on Loan
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Copies of the following reports are available free on loan from the office of the U.S. National Committee for the IHD.Australia Lyons, B.J., and C.D. Parker, Water Quality Assessment Practice in Australia, Australian Water Resources Council Technical Paper No. 4, Canberra, 59 pages, 18 tables, 1973. Stream Gauging Information, Supplement, Department of the Environment and Conservation, Australian Water Resources Council, Canberra, 43 pp., 1973.
Small surface drifters provide current data
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

For over 200 years, message‐bearing bottles and other sea surface drifters have been used to help measure and determine the course of currents in the world's oceans and lakes.Numerous types of drifters have been used, from the barrel set adrift by Columbus on his first voyage to the new world, to bottles, metal globes, and a variety of plastic forms developed after World War II.
Seventeenth Plenary Meeting of COSPAR
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The committee on Space Research of the International Council of Scientific Unions has scheduled its seventeenth plenary meeting to be held June 17–July 1, 1974, in Sao Paulo, Brazil.In addition to the general meeting there will be a Symposium on Solar‐Terrestrial Physics, a Symposium on Satellite Dynamics, and numerous open meetings of COSPAR working groups.
New products
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A new data logging system for use when the output of hundreds of sensors at considerable distances from a central logging system must be measured, monitored, and recorded has been developed by Consolidated Controls Corporation, a subsidiary of Condec Corporation.First used in electrical generating stations for the testing and adjustment of boiler installations, the Model 90GP34 Datalogger employs satellite stations, each capable of handling as many as 200 sensor outputs, to eliminate the problems that would be involved if separate wires were to be run from each sensor to the central data station.
Water resources systems–Short course
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A one‐week short course for engineers and public officials interested in water resources systems will be cosponsored by the International Water Resources Association and the AGU Section of Hydrology, May 13–17, 1974, in Cleveland, Ohio. The course will be given at Case Institute of Technology, Case Western Reserve University.Focused on the theme ‘Hierarchical Approach in the Planning, Operation, and Management of Water Resources Systems,’ the sessions will discuss applications of decomposition and multilevel optimization techniques to multiobjective functions in water resources, modeling and identification in water resources, multiregional conjunctive use of water resources, regional management of multiple‐purpose water resource and hydrologic systems, regional water quality control and management, and recent research results and applications in current literature.
Foreign Reports Available on Loan
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Belgium Compliment à l'Annuaire de Belgique, Commission Interministerielle de l'Eau, Brussels. 300 pp. of maps and tables, 1972.Hungary Monthly Hydrological Bulletin of Hungary, vol. 6, nos. 7–12, July–December, 1972. Research Institute for Water Resources Development, Budapest. 16 pp. (nos. 7–10), 20 pp. (nos. 11 and 12); 14 maps and charts (nos. 7–10), 17 maps and charts (nos. 11 and 12), 1972.
Permanent Research Station established on glacier
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

According to a release by the Agency Press Novosti, a permanent glaciological observation and research. station has been set up on the Central Tyuksu glacier in the Zaili Alataus mountains of southern Kazakhstan, USSR.In cooperation with the program of the International Hydrological Decade, researchers of the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences who staff the station are making a study of the development of glaciers in the Tien Shan, the lofty mountain range that extends from the Kirgiz Republic, USSR, into Sinkiang province in western China. The scientists observe the conditions of snow accumulation and the physical balance of the glaciers, study the thickness of the ice formed, and determine what chemical substances accompany atmospheric precipitation.
Princeton announces summer courses
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

In its schedule of summer courses for 1974; the School of Engineering/Applied Science of Princeton University has included three that are of particular interest to engineers and scientists concerned with water resources management and pollution control.The first, ‘Introduction to Water Pollution Science and Technology,’ is scheduled for June 17–2l. Among topics to be covered are sources of pollution, identification and quantification of pollution, water quality acts and standards, and causes and effects of eutrophication.
The Study of Comets–IAU Colloquium 25
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An international colloquium on comets, sponsored by the International Astronomical Union in cooperation with COSPAR, will be held at the Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA), Greenbelt, Maryland, from October 28 through November 1, 1974. Attendance will be by invitation only and will be limited to about 150 scientists who have been involved in cometary research.Major emphasis will be on invited reviews and discussions rather than short papers. A limited number of contributed papers containing significant new results will be accepted. These will be carefully screened by the organizing committee, who will also review requests to attend the colloquium. Some travel assistance is available.
Second National Symposium on Groundwater Quality Set
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the National Water Well Association are sponsoring a Second National Conference on Groundwater Quality to be held September 25–27, 1974, at the Holiday Inn in downtown Denver, Colorado.The purpose of the meeting is to bring together a nucleus of men, methods, and ideas capable of yielding solutions to problems that must be solved to ensure the protection and restoration of the quality of the nation's groundwater resources. Development of these resources is expected to double and perhaps triple in the coming decade.
Geologists and geophysicists plan joint conference
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

‘Exploration Update '75’ is the theme of a conference to be held May 20–23, 1975 in Calgary, Alberta. Sponsors of the meeting are the Canadian Societies of Petroleum Geologists and Exploration Geophysicists.The conference will feature advances in exploration technology and concepts. Following the technical sessions, a joint geological‐geophysical field excursion will be made to Alberta's foothills and front ranges, where practical exploration approaches will be investigated.
Highlights of the Council Meeting, April 7, 1974
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

At its meeting on April 7, 1974, the AGU council considered a variety of new programs and took several actions of substantial significance for the next year.It was necessary either to increase income or to reduce expenses in 1975. The first alternatives discussed were (1) increasing member dues and (2) reducing the amount of material published and altering the publication option allowed under the present dues arrangement. Since it was felt that an increase in dues beyond $20 was undesirable, and since the reduction in published material required by alternative two would have been too great, a third alternative was adopted: In 1975, members will receive EOS; will be accorded all the customary membership privileges, such as reduced meeting registration fees and the right to submit their papers for consideration; and will have the right to subscribe at member rates to the other AGU publications. There will be no publication option allowed under the basic dues payment. The member rate for each journal, instead of being set at a flat amount as in the past, will reflect the cost of publication. It is expected that the member subscription rates will range between $5.00 and $20.00. If we relate the charge for journals to the cost of service, the election of members to take or not to take a journal will not affect the budget, since income will balance expense.
1974 Special Assemblies of IAMAP‐IAPSO: Report
Authors: Rosen James M. , Cadle Richard D. , Murcray D. G. , Quiroz R. S. , Roper R. G. , Belmont A. D. , Clark J. H. E. , Cunnold D. M. , Hilst G. R. , MacCracken M. C. , Sasamori T. , Wendler Gerd , Jayaweera K. O. L. F. , Rubin M. J. , Quiroz R. S. , Podzimek Josef , Vonder Haar Tom , Chandra S. , Hunkins Kenneth L. , Solomon Harold , Hayes John , Briscoe Melbourne G. , Warren Bruce A. , Ostapoff Feodor , Kraus Eric B. , Neshyba Steve , Holland William R. , Panofsky Hans A. , Ruttenberg Stanley , Foster Theodore D. 
Published: October 2011

The Special Assemblies of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics and the International Association of Physical Sciences of the Oceans were held in Melbourne, Australia, from January 14 to 25, 1974.Both assemblies were well attended. Of the approximately 500 delegates from 30 countries, 125 were from the United States, 22 were from Canada, and 2 were from Mexico.
Major advances toward low‐cost solar cells reported
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

Major advances toward low‐cost, continuous production of solar cells to provide electricity for residential and other uses has been reported to the National Science Foundation (NSF). Solar cells, which convert sunlight directly into electricity by photovoltaic action, are at present too expensive for widespread availability.Work by a university‐industrial team has now resulted in obtaining silicon ribbons up to 6 feet in length, some of which are of sufficient quality to produce solar cells of 10% conversion efficiency, which is considered suitable for terrestrial applications. By growing crystals directly in ribbon form, the present costly custom process of sawing thin wafers from large cylinders of single‐crystal silicon can be eliminated. Development of the new technique was reported by Bruce Chalmers of Harvard University and A.I. Mlavsky of Tyco Laboratories, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts.
Geothermal Conference scheduled
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An international conference on geothermal resources for industrial, agricultural, and commercial‐residential uses will be held October 7–9, 1974, at Oregon Institute of Technology in Klamath Falls.The three‐day program will feature speakers from the world's major geothermal energy utilization areas. Topics include application of geothermal resources in the chemical, food processing, pulp and paper, and forest products industries; in agriculture; and in commercial‐residential space heating and cooling.
Effluent variability to be studied
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

An International Conference on Effluent Variability From Waste Water Treatment Processes and Its Control will be held at Le Pavilion Hotel, New Orleans, December 2–4, 1974. Sponsors are the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Tulane and Vanderbilt Universities.The seminar will explore design and operation considerations for defining and minimizing effluent quality variability. Both secondary and tertiary waste water treatment processes will be considered for municipal and industrial waste waters.
National Earthquake Program Guide available
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

A National earthquake program aimed at reducing hazards to life and property and minimizing disruptions of government, business, and private activities is spelled out in a report just published and free on request from the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.In the report describing the USGS Earthquake Hazard Reduction program, Robert E. Wallace, a scientist of the Survey's Menlo Park, California, field center who wrote the report, emphasizes that earthquakes pose a serious and growing threat to the nation.
Martian channels linked to dry ice
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

The seemingly common occurrence of flood channels on Mars can be traced to the sudden melting of buried deposits of frozen carbon dioxide, according to a theory advanced by Daniel J. Milton of the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, California, who points to the Washington scablands and the frozen natural gas fields of Siberia for support.Milton, a member of a team of USGS scientists that is studying and mapping the surface and structure of Mars, says that the channels ‘appear to have been shaped by sudden discharges of water that dwarf the flow of the Amazon.’
Tenth American Water Resources Conference
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2011

AGU will act as a cooperating society for the Tenth American Water Resources Conference, to be held at El Conquistador Hotel and Club in Las Croabas, Puerto Rico, November 18–22, 1974. The meeting is sponsored by the American Water Resources Association.Topics for presentations and discussions include Development and Environmental Policy; Identification of Conflicts Between Water Resources Development and the Environment; Hydrology, Hydraulics, and Education; Water Resources Systems Analysis; Resolution of Conflicts Between Water Resources Development and the Environment; and Urban Planning, Recreation.
The ancestry of solar‐terrestrial research
Authors: Pomerantz Martin A. 
Published: October 2011

Since time immemorial, for superstitious, fallacious, or even scientific reasons, man has debated the nature of the control exercised over his destiny by the sun. But the first step in the long and turbulent history of research in the field of solar‐terrestrial relationships was the discovery of sunspots by Galileo in 1610 (Figure 1). Since then, many specious claims have been made concerning correlations of phenomena on earth with these first recognized distinctive solar features.It was apparent from the earliest observations that the number of visible sunspots varied with time. But it is interesting that the first long‐term survey of these variations was not undertaken until more than two centuries later.