bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le projet transnational des familles sud-coréennes de la classe moyenne
Authors: Prébin Élise 
Published: July 2011

En Corée du Sud, malgré le perpétuel discours pessimiste sur les milliers de familles séparées contre leur gré au cours du XX e siècle, de plus en plus de familles de la classe moyenne et moyenne-supérieure font le choix de se séparer durablement pour mener une existence transnationale, encouragées par la politique du retour mise en place depuis la fin des années 1990, qui valorise l’expérience transnationale et favorise les échanges à une échelle globale. Mais le transnationalisme en tant que valeur et projet pour les familles ne va pas sans poser problème. Face à la surenchère éducative et à des perspectives restreintes sur le marché du travail, nombre de familles aisées envoient leurs enfants en bas âge étudier à l’étranger, selon un nombre restreint d’options supposées viables : l’enfant part seul, accompagné par sa mère, ou est pris en charge par un parent ou une connaissance. Ces séparations prolongées dans le but d’atteindre une mobilité sociale supérieure ont des dénouements souvent imprévus, et parfois, tragiques.
Des individualistes globaux : ruptures et discontinuités dans les familles d'élites africaines transnationales
Authors: Bourgouin France 
Published: July 2011

Cet article cherche à démêler les sens attribués par les élites politiques et militaires de l’Afrique à l’investissement éducatif international pour leurs enfants. L’analyse ethnographique est basée sur les récits de vie d’un groupe de professionnels de la finance d’origine africaine occupant des postes de cadres supérieurs au sein de sociétés transnationales à Johannesburg, au moment de la bulle financière de 2004. L’article montre que l’investissement dans une éducation transnationale constitue un mécanisme de reproduction de l’identité d’élite. L’une des conséquences de cette trajectoire identitaire et professionnelle a été un affaiblissement passif des liens familiaux, et une réticence, de la part de ces jeunes professionnels, à fonder une famille dans sa forme classique. L’article conclut en analysant la signification des discontinuités et des dislocations de la vie familiale comme un moyen de réaffirmer une identité, et comme une quête de légitimité parmi l’élite africaine contemporaine.
Les dispositifs d’accompagnement à destination des publics de « bas niveau de qualification » : évaluation et proposition d’actions
Authors: Roques Martine 
Published: July 2011

L’évaluation des dispositifs d’accompagnement des demandeurs d’emploi, notamment de ceux les plus désavantagés, peut se faire d’une part selon des critères centrés sur l’individu : comment et sur quelle dimension intervenir pour faire en sorte que l’individu appréhende au mieux la situation, c’est-à-dire notamment trouve et/ou reste dans l’emploi, et d’autre part sur des critères centrés sur le système social, sur l’environnement, c’est-à-dire quel changement au niveau organisationnel et/ou social doivent intervenir pour fournir aux chômeurs des opportunités d’emploi ? Cet article aborde ces deux perspectives et présente des pistes d’action pour la pratique.
Evaluation of Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus Eyes with Kera Intracorneal Ring Implantation
Authors: El Awady Hatem , Shawky Medhat , Ghanem Asaad A. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose To assess the outcome of collagen crosslinking (CXL) in keratoconus eyes after implantation of Kera intracorneal ring segments. Patients and Methods Twenty-one eyes of 13 patients with mild to moderate degree of keratoconus were included in this study. All eyes had uneventful surgery for Kera intracorneal ring segment implantation followed by collagen CXL treatment after at least 3 months of the implantation. Inclusion criteria were absence of corneal scarring and corneal thickness higher than 400 mm. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent and cylinder refraction, and the mean keratometric (K) values were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Results The mean age was 21.36±4.46 years (range 16-28). Mean time between implantation of Kera ring and CXL was 4.56±3.2 months. The mean baseline UCVA and BCVA were 0.05±0.02 and 0.18±0.1, respectively; after Kera ring, the mean UCVA and BCVA were 0.23±0.17 and 0.39±0.18 (p=0.000), respectively. Collagen CXL after Kera ring resulted in an additional change in UCVA and BCVA to become 0.23±0.17 (p=0.951) and 0.41±0.18 (p=0.08), respectively. Also, CXL results in an additional change in spherical equivalent, cylindrical, and mean keratometric values. The decrease in spherical equivalent, cylindrical, and mean keratometric value was 2.8 D (p<0.05), 2.1 D (p<0.05), and 2.5 D (p<0.05), respectively, after Kera ring treatment. An additional decrease of 0.11 D (p>0.05), 0.01 D (p>0.05), and 0.09 D (p>0.05) was obtained after CXL in each respective parameter. Conclusions Collagen CXL has an additive effect after Kera ring implantation and may be considered as an enhancement/stabilizing procedure.
Analgesic effect of etoricoxib (Arcoxia®) 120 mg during retinal laser photocoagulation
Authors: Nascimento Vinicius P. , Primiano Hélio P. , Maia Otacílio O. , Pelayes David , Takahashi Walter Y. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose Panphotocoagulation reduces the risk of vision loss in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, not many patients tolerate this treatment well due to pain. Therefore, we evaluated the analgesic effect of etoricoxib during photocoagulation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 44 consecutive patients eligible for panphotocoagulation due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. During the first panphotocoagulation session, both groups were treated without medication. During the following session, the control group received a placebo pill while the other group received etoricoxib 120 mg. Both groups took the medicines 1 hour before the treatment. After each session, the patients quantified the level of pain on a subjective visual scale. Results A total of 52 patients were selected for the study and the data of 44 patients were analyzed. In the control group, the average level of pain in the first session was 7.68 (standard deviation 1.70), dropping to an average of 7.32 (standard deviation 1.39) after ingestion of placebo. Therefore, there was no statistical difference (p=0.1187). In contrast, the average level of pain without the drug in the group taking etoricoxib 120 mg was 7.95 (standard deviation 1.46) vs 5.18 (standard deviation 1.65) with the drug, a significant statistical difference (p<0.001). Conclusions Etoricoxib 120 mg reduces pain and can be used before panphotocoagulation. Data show that the medication is more effective against pain during photocoagulation than placebo.
Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity
Authors: Zhao Lin , Cheng Zhifeng , Lu Yibing , Liu Ming , Chen Hong , Zhang Min , Wang Rui , Yuan Yuan , Li Xiaoying 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceObesity has become a global public health concern and China has the largest number of affected people worldwide.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with tirzepatide for weight reduction in Chinese adults with obesity or overweight and weight-related comorbidities.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial conducted at 29 centers in China from September 2021 to December 2022 included Chinese adults (aged ≥18 years) with a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 28 or greater than or equal to 24 and at least 1 weight-related comorbidity, excluding diabetes.InterventionsParticipants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive once-weekly, subcutaneous 10-mg (n = 70) or 15-mg (n = 71) tirzepatide or placebo (n = 69), plus a lifestyle intervention, for 52 weeks.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCo–primary end points were the percent change in body weight from baseline and weight reduction of at least 5% at week 52. Efficacy and safety analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat population.ResultsOf 210 randomized participants (103 [49.0%] female; mean [SD] age, 36.1 [9.1] years; body weight, 91.8 [16.0] kg; BMI, 32.3 [3.8]), 201 (95.7%) completed the trial. The mean change in body weight at week 52 was −13.6% (95% CI, −15.8% to −11.4%) with tirzepatide 10 mg, −17.5% (95% CI, −19.7% to −15.3%) with tirzepatide 15 mg, and −2.3% with placebo (difference between 10 mg and placebo, −11.3% [95% CI, −14.3% to −8.3%; P &amp;lt; .001]; difference between 15 mg and placebo, −15.1% [95% CI, −18.2% to −12.1%; P &amp;lt; .001]). The percentage of participants achieving body weight reductions of 5% or greater was 87.7% with tirzepatide 10 mg, 85.8% with tirzepatide 15 mg, and 29.3% with placebo (P &amp;lt; .001 for comparisons with placebo). The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events with tirzepatide were gastrointestinal. Most were mild to moderate in severity, with few events leading to treatment discontinuation (&amp;lt;5%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn Chinese adults with obesity or overweight, once-weekly treatment with tirzepatide 10 mg or 15 mg resulted in statistically significant and clinically meaningful weight reduction with an acceptable safety profile.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05024032
Eagle‐Eye Inspired Meta‐Device for Phase Imaging
Authors: Zhou Junxiao , Tian Fanglin , Hu Jie , Shi Zhixia(Linda) , Godinez Veronica Gomez , Tsai Din Ping , Liu Zhaowei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe dual‐focus vision observed in eagles' eyes is an intriguing phenomenon captivates scientists since a long time. Inspired by this natural occurrence, the authors’ research introduces a novel bifocal meta‐device incorporating a polarized camera capable of simultaneously capturing images for two different polarizations with slightly different focal distances. This innovative approach facilitates the concurrent acquisition of underfocused and overfocused images in a single snapshot, enabling the effective extraction of quantitative phase information from the object using the transport of intensity equation. Experimental demonstrations showcase the application of quantitative phase imaging to artificial objects and human embryonic kidney cells, particularly emphasizing the meta‐device's relevance in dynamic scenarios such as laser‐induced ablation in human embryonic kidney cells. Moreover, it provides a solution for the quantification during the dynamic process at the cellular level. Notably, the proposed eagle‐eye inspired meta‐device for phase imaging (EIMPI), due to its simplicity and compact nature, holds promise for significant applications in fields such as endoscopy and headsets, where a lightweight and compact setup is essential.
Folic Acid Passivated Efficient Cerium Doped Perovskite Nanocrystals for High‐Performance Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Zhou Donglei , Sun Rui , Wang Yue , Wang Tianyuan , Li Wei , Song Ruixin , Bai Xue , Xu Wen , Song Hongwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ is allowed by the electric dipole and the parity selection rule and the position/intensity of the 5d excited state is strongly dependent on the materials’ composition and atomic structure. Herein, the composition‐dependent luminescence properties of Ce3+ in CsPbCl3‐xBrx (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are systematically revealed. It's observed that the 5d‐4f broadband emission of Ce3+ is greatly improved by optimizing the Cl:Br ratio due to the efficient energy transfer from excitons to Ce3+. Folic acid, a vitamin which is an extremely important cofactor, is introduced to regulate the film formation by interacting with uncoordinated ions. The modified CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 PeNCs with photoluminescence quantum yield of 91% represent a novel and extremely efficient white nanophosphor. Then, white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) are constructed by combining Ce3+‐doped PeNCs with 400‐nm ultraviolet chips with a luminous efficiency of 120.3 lm W−1, which is the most efficient perovskite single‐component WLED. Moreover, the blue‐violet LEDs are fabricated with external quantum efficiency of 0.84%, representing extremely high level of 400–435 nm perovskite LEDs. This work demonstrates the strategy in realizing high‐efficiency wavelength‐tunable PeNCs, motivating the further exploration of Ce3+‐doped perovskites in optoelectronic devices.
2D Elastic Organic Crystals with Thermomechanical/Acid Responses and Dual‐Mode Optical Waveguides
Authors: Ye Yang , Sun Ying , Zhang Yaru , Ding Guanchu , Hao Hongxun , Zhang Yating , Xie Chuang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAchieving the combination of multiple external stimuli responses and mechanical flexibility has become the current emerging research in the field of crystalline materials. Meanwhile, the modulation of its properties remains challenging. In this work, a 1‐[(E)‐[(6‐methyl‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl) imino] methyl] naphthalen‐2‐ol (BNO) crystalline material is reported. The modulation of the mechanical elasticity and thermomechanical responses is achieved by means of polymorphism (form‐I and form‐II). Further, the structural basis of the 2D mechanical properties of form‐I is investigated. Meanwhile, two types of thermomechanical responses appearing in form‐I are explored in detail from the perspective of crystal structure and thermodynamics, and the second thermomechanical response during cooling is successfully predicted. Then, the acid response of the materials is endowed by molecular design, the fluorescence switch is realized through acid and thermal treatments. Finally, the active/passive dual‐mode optical waveguides of the materials are explored.
Generation of Wide Color Gamut in a Collisional and Magnetized Plasma by Laser‐Induced Coloration on Composite Structure Surfaces
Authors: Zhao He , Xia Tong , Cao Siyuan , Chen Yuhao , Zhang Penglei , Zhang Qian , Hou Yubin , Song Yanrong , Wang Pu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a new scheme for generating a wide gamut of structural colors on the thin‐film‐stack‐based (TFSB) substrates is proposed. The TFSB surfaces consist of titanium/random gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and titanium/ random gold and copper nanoparticles (Au+CuNPs), which can trigger more resonance absorption and widen the color gamut. The electric fields in two designed structures are simulated, and the results showed that the random distribution of AuNPs and Au+CuNPs enhance the uniform local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response. This enhancement is crucial in broadening the coverage of the reflection spectrum, which enables the generation of a wide range of colors, including green and red. The influence of laser parameters on the color of TFSB substrates and tested their durability in terms of time is analyzed. Finally, a color palette and made structural color patterns on TFSB by nanosecond pulsed laser are prepared. The proposed new scheme can be easily fabricated by magnetron sputtering without requiring additional procedures, which can open new perspectives in plasmonic colors. This work demonstrates that the promising potential of methods in creating a wide color gamut on metallic surfaces. Additionally, it serves as a means to store information for the preservation and protection of traditional cultures.
Hybrid Catalysts in Photoredox Arylation of Sodium Arylsulfinates
Authors: Ionova Violetta A. , Abel Anton S. , Averin Alexei D. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractComplexes [(bpy)2Ru(BL)](PF6)2 (Ru(BL), BL=N,N‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthrolinamine) have been investigated in the coupling reaction of aryl halides and sodium arylsulfinates under visible light irradiation. The position (3, 4 or 5) of the nickel‐coordinating di(pyridin‐2‐yl)amine fragment in the 1,10‐phenanthroline core has a strong influence on the activity of the catalytic system. The advantage of binding fragments of photocatalyst and metal complex into one molecule in the systems with bridging ligands N,N‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthrolin‐3‐amine (BL1) and N,N‐di(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthrolin‐4‐amine (BL2), in comparison with mixed catalytic systems, is shown. With Ru(BL2) photocatalysts it is possible to reduce the loading to 0.1 mol%, instead of the commonly used 1–2 mol%, and to eliminate the use of the additional ligand for nickel. Under these conditions, more than 20 diarylsulfones of different structures were synthesized in 25–95% yields.
Oxidative Rearrangement Approach for the Ring Contraction of N−H Piperidines to Pyrrolidines
Authors: Takashima Mirei , Miyoshi Makoto , Sako Makoto , Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Murai Kenichi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe have developed a method for ring contraction of N−H piperidines using oxidative rearrangement with PhI(OAc)2. The reaction forms iminium ion intermediates that are effectively trapped by nucleophiles (e. g., NaBH4, H2O) yielding the corresponding pyrrolidine derivatives. Additionally, we propose an ionic mechanism supported by experiments and density‐functional theory calculations.
Soy Peptide Supplementation Mitigates Undernutrition through Reprogramming Hepatic Metabolism in a Novel Undernourished Non‐Human Primate Model
Authors: Xu Zhenzhen , Amakye William Kwame , Ren Zhengyu , Xu Yongzhao , Liu Wei , Gong Congcong , Wong Chiwai , Gao Li , Zhao Zikuan , Wang Min , Yan Tao , Ye Zhiming , Zhong Jun , Hou Chuanli , Zhao Miao , Qiu Can , Tan Jieqiong , Xu Xin , Liu Guoyan , Yao Maojin , Ren Jiaoyan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn spite of recent advances in the field of undernutrition, current dietary therapy relying on the supply of high protein high calorie formulas is still plagued with transient recovery of impaired organs resulting in significant relapse of cases. This is partly attributed to the inadequacy of current research models in recapitulating clinical undernutrition for mechanistic exploration. Using 1636 Macaca fascicularis monkeys, a human‐relevant criterion for determining undernutrition weight‐for‐age z‐score (WAZ), with a cutoff point of ≤ −1.83 is established as the benchmark for identifying undernourished nonhuman primates (U‐NHPs). In U‐NHPs, pathological anomalies in multi‐organs are revealed. In particular, severe dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism characterized by impaired fatty acid oxidation due to mitochondria dysfunction, but unlikely peroxisome disorder, is identified as the anchor metabolic aberration in U‐NHPs. Mitochondria dysfunction is typified by reduced mito‐number, accumulated long‐chain fatty acids, and disruption of OXPHOS complexes. Soy peptide‐treated U‐NHPs increase in WAZ scores, in addition to attenuated mitochondria dysfunction and restored OXPHOS complex levels. Herein, innovative criteria for identifying U‐NHPs are developed, and unknown molecular mechanisms of undernutrition are revealed hitherto, and it is further proved that soypeptide supplementation reprogramed mitochondrial function to re‐establish lipid metabolism balance and mitigated undernutrition.
A Test Case: Synthesis and Evaluation of 6‐(Pyrazolyl)‐Indole Hybrid Molecules as Potential Anti‐Tuberculosis Agents
Authors: Mohammed Zabiulla K. , Ranjan Prabodh , Ranganatham Archakam , Manickan Elanchezhiyan , Yellappa Shivaraj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study, we synthesized and characterized various 6‐(pyrazolyl)‐indole derivatives using various spectroscopic techniques (1H, 13C, FT‐IR and Mass). Substituents including electron‐withdrawing (formyl, nitrile, carboxylic acid, ester, amide, nitro) and donating groups (methylene alcohol, chloro) were introduced at the 5th position of the pyrazole ring, yielding pyrazole‐indole compounds (16 a–16 r). These compounds were assessed for anti‐tuberculosis screening against H37Rv and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Notably, 16 c, 16 j, and 16 o showed potent activity (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration <25 μg/mL) compared to standard drugs such as Rifampicin, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide. Molecular level understanding was enhanced through density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimization preceding molecular docking, revealing significant interactions between ligand and protein, supporting the antitubercular activity of 16 c, 16 j, and 16 o.
Recent Advance in the β‐Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Deoxy Glycosides
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Dong Hai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCompounds containing a 2‐deoxy β‐glycoside linkage play important roles in carbohydrate chemistry, serving as potential therapies with significant biological properties. From the viewpoint of synthesis, many strategies developed in recent years targeted the stereoselective construction of 2‐deoxy glycosides. This review aims to summarise recent advances in the synthetic routes toward 2‐deoxy β‐glycosides developed over the last decade. Where associated, practical applications of these strategies in the total synthesis of natural products are highlighted.
Constructing An Oxyhalide Interface for 4.8 V‐Tolerant High‐Nickel Cathodes in All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yuankai , Yu Tao , Xu Sheng , Sun Yu , Li Jingchang , Xu Xiangqun , Li Haoyu , Zhang Min , Tian Jiamin , Hou Ruilin , Rao Yuan , Zhou Haoshen , Guo Shaohua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSBs) have received increasing attentions as one promising candidate for the next‐generation energy storage devices. Among various solid electrolytes, sulfide‐based ASSBs combined with layered oxide cathodes have emerged due to the high energy density and safety performance, even at high‐voltage conditions. However, the interface compatibility issues remain to be solved at the interface between the oxide cathode and sulfide electrolyte. To circumvent this issue, we propose a simple but effective approach to magic the adverse surface alkali into a uniform oxyhalide coating on LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) via a controllable gas‐solid reaction. Due to the enhancement of the close contact at interface, the ASSBs exhibit improved kinetic performance across a broad temperature range, especially at the freezing point. Besides, owing to the high‐voltage tolerance of the protective layer, ASSBs demonstrate excellent cyclic stability under high cutoff voltages (500 cycles~94.0 % at 4.5 V, 200 cycles~80.4 % at 4.8 V). This work provides insights into using a high voltage stable oxyhalide coating strategy to enhance the development of high energy density ASSBs.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkenylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Lin Chuiyi , Zhang Jiwu , Sun Zhao , Guo Yinlong , Chong Qinglei , Zhang Zhihan , Meng Fanke 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCatalytic enantioselective alkenylation of aldehydes with easily accessible alkenyl halides promoted by a chiral cobalt complex derived from a newly developed tridentate bisoxazolinephosphine is presented. Such processes represent an unprecedented reaction pathway for cobalt catalysis and a general approach that enable rapid construction of highly diversified enantioenriched allylic alcohols containing a 1,1‐, 1,2‐disubstituted and trisubstituted alkene as well as axial stereogenicity in up to 99 % yield and 99 : 1 er without the need of preformation of alkenyl–metal reagents. DFT calculations revealed the origin of enantioselectivity.