bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Cases of ‘Type 3’ Suicide
Authors: Pridmore Saxby , Ahmadi Jamshid 
Published: September 2010

Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine two cases of suicide (apparently ‘Type 3’, according to a new classification) by individuals without high public profiles that appeared in the press in February 2010, and to determine shared characteristics. Method: All the available public record evidence was examined. Comprehensive accounts of the events of the lives of the individuals were compiled, and a comparison of characteristics was performed. Results: Andrew Joseph Stack III and Brodie Rae Constance Panlock differed in country of residence, gender, age, and marital, parenting, educational and employment status. However, neither manifested evidence of a mental disorder and both were in a predicament created by external factors. They met criteria for Type 3 suicide (suicide when there is no mental disorder and the predicament to which the individual is exposed is very clear to the observer). Conclusion: These cases support the concept of Type 3 suicide. Apart from the absence of mental disorder and the presence of an external predicament, there were no other shared characteristics, suggesting that Type 3 suicide is not restricted to a particular group.
How Shrinks Think: Decision Making in Psychiatry
Authors: Bhugra Dinesh , Malliaris Yanni , Gupta Susham 
Published: September 2010

Objectives: Psychiatrists use biopsychosocial models in identifying aetiological factors in assessing their patients and similar approaches in planning management. Models in decision making will be influenced by previous experience, training, age and gender, among other factors. Critical thinking and evidence base are both important components in the process of reaching clinical decisions. Expected outcome of treatment may be another factor. The way we think influences our decision making, clinical or otherwise. With patients expecting and taking larger roles in their own management, there needs to be a shift towards patient-centred care in decision making. Conclusions: Further exploration in how clinical decisions are made by psychiatrists is necessary. An understanding of the manner in which therapeutic alliances are formed between the clinician and the patient is necessary to understand decision making.
“First, They’re Foreigners”:The Daily Showwith Jon Stewart and the Limits of Dissident Laughter
Authors: Ross Michael L. , York Lorraine 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:Much of the humour on The Daily Show is directed at subjects constructed as “foreign.” Despite the show's reputation for “subversiveness,” such humour relies on demeaning stereotypes. Although the show's parodying of “serious” news seemingly qualifies it as a site of resistance to conventional media strategies, its comedy of the non-American aligns it with orthodox assumptions of American normativity. The situation is complicated by the show's urbane self-consciousness vis-à-vis its reliance on stereotyping. Ultimately, its dissidence has well-defined limits. The Daily Show's uneasy play with the foreign is a revealing reflex of the historical moment, with its troubling burden of American anxieties.
“Which Kind of Imperialism?” Early Cold War Decolonization and Canada–US Relations
Authors: Teigrob Robert 
Published: September 2010

Abstract: Prior to World War II, Canada's government and its citizens were generally supportive of British imperialism, and of Britain's foreign policy in general. Though specific groups within Canada—most notably Francophones, leftist and labour leaders, and growing numbers of ethnic minorities—had expressed long-standing opposition to colonialism, the nation's elites viewed themselves as partners in Britain's global civilizing project. These affinities began to break down during the 1940s, as the lessons of World War II, along with the simultaneous rise of American power and ebbing of British authority, forced Canada's leaders to reassess their attitudes and policies regarding imperialism. Yet, at the precise moment many Canadians were striving to adopt a more “American” approach to the issue, one which drew on nearly two centuries of republican-based critiques of foreign domination, the United States was reigning in its own antipathy to imperialism in light of emerging Cold War realities. This study finds that these repositionings proved disorienting for a still-powerful constituency of Anglophiles, who feared their nation was being seduced into a new and less noble imperial project.
Phylogeny and a new tribal classification of the Panicoideae s.l. (Poaceae) based on plastid and nuclear sequence data and structural data
Authors: Sánchez‐Ken J. Gabriel , Clark Lynn G. 
Published: September 2010

• Premise of the study: The subfamily Panicoideae (Poaceae) encompasses nearly one‐third of the diversity of grass species, including important crops such as maize and sugarcane. Previous analyses recovered strong support for a Panicoideae+Centothecoideae lineage within the diverse Panicoideae+Arundinoideae+Chloridoideae+Micrairoideae+Aristidoideae+Danthonioideae (PACMAD) clade, although support for internal relationships was inconsistent. The objectives of this research were to (1) further test the monophyly of each subfamily and previously recovered clades within the Panicoideae+Centothecoideae lineage, (2) establish phylogenetic relationships among these groups, and (3) propose a new tribal classification for this lineage based explicitly on the phylogeny.• Methods: Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses of 37 taxa were based on previously published sequences (ndhF and rpl16 intron) and on new plastid and nuclear (rbcL and granule‐bound starch synthase I) sequence data as well as structural data.• Key results. The Panicoideae+Centothecoideae lineage and a majority of the clades identified in previous analyses continue to be robustly supported, but resolution along the backbone of the topology remains elusive. Support for the monophyly of both subfamilies was lacking although support values for some clades increased. The tribes Centotheceae and Arundinelleae were confirmed as polyphyletic.• Conclusions: Subfamily Centothecoideae is formally submerged into the Panicoideae, and a new tribal classification for the expanded Panicoideae is proposed based explicitly on the phylogeny. This classification includes 12 tribes of which Chasmanthieae and Zeugiteae are segretated from the Centotheceae; Tristachyideae is segregated from Arundinelleae, and a new tribe, Cyperochloeae, is validated to accommodate two isolated genera. A key to the tribes is provided.
Reproductive success of cultivated Pyrus calleryana (Rosaceae) and establishment ability of invasive, hybrid progeny
Authors: Hardiman Nicole A. , Culley Theresa M. 
Published: September 2010

•Premise of the study: Pyrus calleryana Decne., an ornamental tree species introduced from China, is a relatively new invasive that has only recently begun to spread across the United States after intraspecific hybridization between cultivars. The function of such hybridization in the evolution of invasiveness is still relatively understudied, especially with respect to the initial establishment and persistence of invasive genotypes. Multiple introductions of genetically divergent populations or cultivars may benefit from new genetic combinations created during hybridization events and/or release from Allee effects in founder populations.•Methods: We quantified the outcome of intraspecific hybridization between cultivars of P. calleryana in a common garden. Measures of the reproductive success and establishment ability of their early‐ and advanced‐generation hybrid offspring were collected to assess the likelihood of particular cultivar genotypes to establish in invasive populations. These traits also were compared between cultivated and invasive parents to identify any generational differences in invasive potential.•Key results: Differences were detected in measures of reproductive ability, but no group emerged as consistently more fecund. Advanced‐generation hybrids also had significantly less biomass, indicating a reduction in hybrid performance relative to that of the cultivated progeny.•Conclusion: Ultimately, this study indicates that increased spread of P. calleryana has been initiated by introduction of multiple cultivar types and subsequent widespread planting and is not the result of an inherent fitness advantage of hybrid progeny.
Microsatellite primers in the Peltigera dolichorhiza complex (lichenized ascomycete, Peltigerales)
Authors: Magain Nicolas , Forrest Laura L. , Sérusiaux Emmanuël , Goffinet Bernard 
Published: September 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the lichen‐forming fungus Peltigera dolichorhiza to investigate partitioning of genetic variation in a widespread, morphologically and chemically variable taxon likely to represent a complex of cryptic lineages, including P. neopolydactyla.• Methods and Results: Using next generation shotgun sequence reads, 331 primer pairs were designed to amplify microsatellite sequences from an African accession of P. dolichorhiza. Eleven primer pairs representing the longest repeat units identified were tested on 15 P. dolichorhiza accessions from Africa (incl. Réunion), South America, Papua New Guinea, and on two accessions of P. neopolydactyla from North America. The primers amplified di‐, tri, tetra‐, and pentanucelotide repeats with 3–8 alleles per locus. All individuals represent distinct multiloci genotypes.• Conclusions: These results indicate the utility of the new microsatellite primers for testing genetic differentiation within the widespread complex of P. dolichorhiza.
Le cuivre chypriote et la Crète
Authors: Liard Florence 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Parce que les lingots dits « peau-de-bœuf » sont considérés comme l’une des formes les plus communes d’échange de cuivre brut en Méditerranée à l’âge du Bronze récent, la question de leur provenance et de leur usage attise depuis longtemps déjà l’intérêt des chercheurs. Au sein de ce commerce international avant la lettre, la première place fut souvent attribuée à Chypre, en raison de l’intense activité d’extraction qui y est reconnue dès le Bronze ancien, et surtout pour ce qui concerne les lingots trouvés en Crète : l’absence de ressources cuprifères sur l’île et la nécessaire importation de métal qui en résulte ont forgé l’idée, dans la tradition archéologique, d’un système d’échange de céramiques minoennes contre des lingots peau-de-bœuf chypriotes. H. W. Catling apporta des nuances essentielles à ce modèle en 1979, suivi en 1990 par A. B. Knapp. À leur suite, l’objectif de ces quelques pages est de préciser et de vérifier les théories antérieures, par le biais d’un examen des données de provenance et de contexte publiées à ce jour pour les lingots peau-de-bœuf crétois.
Induction of Homologous Rather than Heterologous Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cell Responses Is Critical for Functional CD8 T Cell Responses in Mice Transgenic for a Foreign Antigen
Authors: Sabarth Nicolas , Chamberlain Louise , Brett Sara , Tite John , Craigen Jenny 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The development of a successful cancer vaccine requires the ability to break immunological tolerance to self-Ags expressed on tumor cells. The transgenic rat insulin promoter (RIP) OVALOW mouse model has been reported to be hyporesponsive for both OVA-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. The experiments described in the current study show that this hyporesponsiveness can be overcome by inclusion of GM-CSF and the TLR7 agonist imiquimod as adjuvants in a DNA immunization regimen with OVA-encoding plasmids. High frequencies of OVA-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells, including a response to a CD4 T cell epitope seen only in the RIP OVALOW mice, were generated by this regimen. These responses were associated with the development of autoimmunity and increased protection to tumor challenge in the RIP OVALOW mice. Heterologous CD4 T cell help has been shown to improve functional CD8 T cell responses, and we confirmed that inclusion of the CD4 T cell epitope pan HLA-DR–binding epitope improved CD8 T cell responses compared with self-Ag alone. Addition of GM-CSF and imiquimod, however, resulted in dominance of the pan HLA-DR–binding epitope-specific response over the OVA-specific CD4 T cell responses, decreased OVA-specific CD8 T cell numbers and function in tolerant RIP OVALOW mice, and failure to induce diabetes. The results of this study suggest that the use of heterologous help needs to be evaluated carefully in the context of specific immunization regimes and that a preferable approach may be adjuvantization of DNA vaccines.
Soluble CD93 Induces Differentiation of Monocytes and Enhances TLR Responses
Authors: Jeon Jae-Won , Jung Joon-Goo , Shin Eui-Cheol , Choi Hye In , Kim Ho Youn , Cho Mi-La , Kim Sun-Wha , Jang Young-Soon , Sohn Myung-Ho , Moon Ji-Hyun , Cho Young-Hun , Hoe Kwang-Lae , Seo Yeon-Soo , Park Young Woo 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The cell surface protein CD93 is known to be involved in the regulation of phagocytosis and cell adhesion. Although typically membrane-bound, a soluble form of CD93 (sCD93) has recently been identified. Currently, however, the role of sCD93 in monocyte function is unknown. In the current study, we analyzed the functional effects of sCD93 on THP-1 monocytic cells and human primary monocytes. Various forms of recombinant human sCD93 were used to investigate the effects of this molecule on both human primary monocytes and a monocytic cell line, THP-1. We found that sCD93 induced differentiation of monocytes to macrophage-like cells, as evidenced by activated cell adhesion and increased phagocytic activities. In addition, this differentiation resulted in an enhanced response to TLR stimulation in terms of differentiation marker expression and proinflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, sCD93 enhanced LPS-stimulated TNF-α production even prior to monocyte differentiation. To investigate a possible role for sCD93 in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, we assessed the concentration of sCD93 in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and found it to be significantly increased compared with synovial fluid from patients with osteoarthritis. Together, these data revealed a function for sCD93 that may have implications in inflammation and inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis.
Monocyte 15-Lipoxygenase Gene Expression Requires ERK1/2 MAPK Activity
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ashish , Mulya Anny , Pal Srabani , Roy Biswajit , Feldman Gerald M. , Cathcart Martha K. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
IL-13 induces profound expression of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in primary human monocytes. Our studies have defined the functional IL-13R complex, association of Jaks with the receptor components, and the tyrosine phosphorylation of several Stat molecules in response to IL-13. Furthermore, we identified both p38MAPK and protein kinase Cδ as critical regulators of 15-LO expression. In this study, we report an ERK1/2-dependent signaling cascade that regulates IL-13–mediated 15-LO gene expression. We show the rapid phosphorylation/activation of ERK1/2 upon IL-13 exposure. Our results indicate that Tyk2 kinase is required for the activation of ERK1/2, which is independent of the Jak2, p38MAPK, and protein kinase Cδ pathways, suggesting bifurcating parallel regulatory pathways downstream of the receptor. To investigate the signaling mechanisms associated with the ERK1/2-dependent expression of 15-LO, we explored the involvement of transcription factors, with predicted binding sites in the 15-LO promoter, in this process including Elk1, early growth response-1 (Egr-1), and CREB. Our findings indicate that IL-13 induces Egr-1 nuclear accumulation and CREB serine phosphorylation and that both are markedly attenuated by inhibition of ERK1/2 activity. We further show that ERK1/2 activity is required for both Egr-1 and CREB DNA binding to their cognate sequences identified within the 15-LO promoter. Furthermore, by transfecting monocytes with the decoy oligodeoxyribonucleotides specific for Egr-1 and CREB, we discovered that Egr-1 and CREB are directly involved in regulating 15-LO gene expression. These studies characterize an important regulatory role for ERK1/2 in mediating IL-13–induced monocyte 15-LO expression via the transcription factors Egr-1 and CREB.
Lymphotoxin Signals from Positively Selected Thymocytes Regulate the Terminal Differentiation of Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells
Authors: White Andrea J. , Nakamura Kyoko , Jenkinson William E. , Saini Manoj , Sinclair Charles , Seddon Benedict , Narendran Parth , Pfeffer Klaus , Nitta Takeshi , Takahama Yousuke , Caamano Jorge H. , Lane Peter J. L. , Jenkinson Eric J. , Anderson Graham 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The thymic medulla represents a key site for the induction of T cell tolerance. In particular, autoimmune regulator (Aire)-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) provide a spectrum of tissue-restricted Ags that, through both direct presentation and cross-presentation by dendritic cells, purge the developing T cell repertoire of autoimmune specificities. Despite this role, the mechanisms of Aire+ mTEC development remain unclear, particularly those stages that occur post-Aire expression and represent mTEC terminal differentiation. In this study, in mouse thymus, we analyze late-stage mTEC development in relation to the timing and requirements for Aire and involucrin expression, the latter a marker of terminally differentiated epithelium including Hassall’s corpuscles. We show that Aire expression and terminal differentiation within the mTEC lineage are temporally separable events that are controlled by distinct mechanisms. We find that whereas mature thymocytes are not essential for Aire+ mTEC development, use of an inducible ZAP70 transgenic mouse line—in which positive selection can be temporally controlled—demonstrates that the emergence of involucrin+ mTECs critically depends upon the presence of mature single positive thymocytes. Finally, although initial formation of Aire+ mTECs depends upon RANK signaling, continued mTEC development to the involucrin+ stage maps to activation of the LTα–LTβR axis by mature thymocytes. Collectively, our results reveal further complexity in the mechanisms regulating thymus medulla development and highlight the role of distinct TNFRs in initial and terminal differentiation stages in mTECs.
Negative Selection and Peptide Chemistry Determine the Size of Naive Foreign Peptide–MHC Class II-Specific CD4+ T Cell Populations
Authors: Chu H. Hamlet , Moon James J. , Kruse Andrew C. , Pepper Marion , Jenkins Marc K. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cell populations that express TCRs specific for different foreign peptide–MHC class II complex (pMHCII) ligands can vary in size over several orders of magnitude. This variation may explain why immune responses to some peptides are stronger than others. In this study, we used a sensitive pMHCII-tetramer–based cell enrichment method to study the derivation of two naive foreign pMHCII-specific naive CD4+ T cell populations that differed in size by 8-fold in normal mice. Analysis of mice in which thymic negative selection was impaired revealed that the smaller population underwent more clonal deletion than the larger population. In addition, large naive cell populations tended to recognize peptides with tryptophan residues as TCR contacts. Thus, the foreign pMHCII that tend to be recognized by large naive populations induce minimal clonal deletion and contain certain amino acids with the capacity to interact favorably with TCRs.
Credit Money and Macroeconomic Instability in the Agent-based Model and Simulator Eurace
Authors: Cincotti Silvano , Raberto Marco , Teglio Andrea 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This paper investigates the interplay between monetary aggregates and the dynamics and variability of output and prices by considering both the money supplied by commercial banks as credit to firms and the fiat money created by the central bank through the quantitative easing monetary policy. The authors address this problem by means of an agent-based model and simulator, called Eurace, which is characterized by a complete set of interrelated markets and different types of interacting agents, modeled according to a rigorous balance-sheet approach. The dynamics of credit money is endogenous and depends on the supply of credit from the banking system, which is constrained by its equity base, and the demand of credit from firms in order to finance their production activity. Alternative dynamic paths for credit money have been produced by setting different firms’ dividend policies. Results point out the strict dependence of output and prices dynamics on monetary aggregates, and show the emergence of endogenous business cycles which are mainly due to the interplay between the real economic activity and its financing through the credit market. In particular, the amplitude of the business cycles strongly rises when the fraction of earnings paid out by firms as dividends is higher, that is when firms are more constrained to borrow credit money to fund their activity. This interesting evidence can be explained by the fact that the level of firms leverage, defined as the debt-equity ratio, can be considered ad a proxy of the likelihood of bankruptcy, an event which causes mass layoffs and supply decrease.
Dynamic Projection of Medication Nonpersistence and Nonadherence Among Patients With Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Rinder Pierre , Marcille Théo , Sinel-Boucher Paul , Cals-Maurette Mallory , Kanoun Dorra , Levy Christelle , Teixeira Luis , Hornus Pierre , Szeftel Daniel , Heudel Pierre-Etienne 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceOral endocrine treatments have been shown to be effective when carefully adhered to. However, in patients with early breast cancer, adherence challenges are notable, with 17% experiencing nonpersistence and 41% nonadherence at least once.ObjectiveTo model the persistence of and adherence to oral anticancer treatment of a patient with localized breast cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was conducted using anonymous reimbursement data belonging to French female patients with breast cancer, extracted from the French Health Insurance database from January 2013 to December 2018. Data analysis was conducted from January 2021 to May 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the detection of episodes of nonpersistence and nonadherence 6 months before they happened. Adherence was defined as the ratio between the time covered by a drug purchase and the time between 2 purchases; patients were considered nonadherent if the ratio of their next 3 purchases was less than 80%. Disparities in persistence and adherence based on criteria such as age, treatment type, and income were identified.ResultsA total of 229 695 female patients (median [IQR] age, 63 [52-72] years) with localized breast cancer were included. A deep learning model based on a gated-recurrent unit architecture was used to detect episodes of nonpersistence or nonadherence. This model demonstrated an area under the receiving operating curve of 0.71 for persistence and 0.73 for adherence. Analyzing the Shapley Additive Explanations values also gave insights into the contribution of the different features over the model’s decision. Patients older than 70 years, with past nonadherence, taking more than 1 treatment in the previous 3 months, and with low income had greater risk of episodes of nonpersistence. Age and past nonadherence, including regularity of past adherence, were also important features in the nonadherence model.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found associations of patient age and past adherence with nonpersistence or nonadherence. It also suggested that regular intervals in treatment purchases enhanced adherence, in contrast to irregular purchasing patterns. This research offers valuable tools for improving persistence of and adherence to oral anticancer treatment among patients with early breast cancer.