bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tale of three villages: choosing an effective method for assessing poaching levels in western Serengeti, Tanzania
Authors: Knapp Eli J. , Rentsch Dennis , Schmitt Jennifer , Lewis Claire , Polasky Stephen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPoaching for bushmeat is a major problem for conservation of wildlife populations in many parts of Africa, including the Serengeti ecosystem in Tanzania. However, the severity of the poaching problem is often unclear because of a lack of accurate data. Directly asking people to self-report illegal activity faces the obvious problem of under-reporting. Use of arrest records from anti-poaching patrols may reflect levels of poaching activity but could also be driven by funding and quality of anti-poaching efforts. A third method, assessing poaching by asking about bushmeat consumption, is indirect, possibly subject to under-reporting, and also subject to limits on the accuracy of memory of respondents. We compare rates of poaching derived by self-assessment of poaching activities (based on household interviews), dietary recall of bushmeat consumption over a variety of time frames, and arrest records from anti-poaching units. We apply these three methods to assess poaching activities in three villages bordering protected areas on the western boundary of Serengeti National Park. Our results showed that dietary recall of bushmeat consumption and arrest records indicated similar patterns of poaching across the three villages but self-reporting differed significantly. There appear to be significant advantages to coupling results from dietary recall of bushmeat consumption and arrest records to estimate the level of poaching activity. In situations where reliable data from anti-poaching units are unavailable, cost-effective data collection of bushmeat consumption will provide a viable alternative to assess levels of poaching involvement of villages that border protected areas.
Conservation initiatives for an endangered migratory passerine: field propagation and release
Authors: Nichols Rina K. , Steiner Jessica , Woolaver Lance G. , Williams Elaine , Chabot Amy A. , Tuininga Ken 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe term ‘field propagation and release’ refers to the breeding of captive adults in large field enclosures, allowing them to raise their young, and then releasing those young from that location. This technique is currently being implemented in Canada as one of several recovery tools for the endangered eastern loggerhead shrikeLanius ludovicianus migrans. During 2001–2007 a total of 360 shrike fledglings were produced in field propagation enclosures and 301 were released from these enclosures. Annual return rates of birds released since 2004 are 2–6.6%. Seventeen released birds have been re-sighted, including 10 birds that have returned to the breeding grounds the following season to produce young with wild mates. The high annual return rate of release birds and the successful integration of these birds into the wild breeding population represent important milestones for the recovery of this population. The management technique we describe here has the potential to be applicable to other species that require natural habitat for breeding and/or are reliant on a suite of parent-learned behaviours that cannot be accommodated for or adequately replicated within intensive close captive-breeding or hand-rearing conditions.
Problems for moral/natural supervenience
Authors: ALEXANDER DAVID E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract‘Everyone agrees that the moral features of thingssuperveneon their natural features’ (Smith (1994), 22). Everyone is wrong, or so I will argue. In the first section, I explain the version of moral supervenience that Smith and others argue everyone should accept. In the second section, I argue that the mere conceptual possibility of a divine command theory of morality (DCT) is sufficient to refute the version of moral supervenience under consideration. Lastly, I consider and respond to two objections, showing, among other things, that while DCT is sufficient to refute this version of moral supervenience it is not necessary.
Can arguments boost warrant for Christian belief? Warrant boosting and the primacy of divine revelation
Authors: DILLER KEVIN S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIt is well known that in Reformed circles there is significant doubt about the extent of the role natural theology might play in warranting Christian belief. I argue that even if we accept the core theological reservations and philosophical commitments shared by the likes of Karl Barth and Reformed epistemologists, there remains room for the arguments of natural theology to serve a vital, positive function. I offer a proposal for how we might think about the co-ordination of multiple sources of warrant for Christian belief such that arguments function as catalysts to or extensions of the deliverances of faith.
Composition models of the incarnation: unity and unifying relations
Authors: MARMODORO ANNA , HILL JONATHAN 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this paper we investigate composition models of incarnation, according to which Christ is a compound of qualitatively and numerically different constituents. We focus on three-part models, according to which Christ is composed of a divine mind, a human mind, and a human body. We consider four possible relational structures that the three components could form. We argue that a ‘hierarchy of natures’ model, in which the human mind and body are united to each other in the normal way, and in which they are jointly related to the divine mind by the relation of co-action, is the most metaphysically plausible model. Finally, we consider the problem of how Christ can be a single person even when his components may be considered persons. We argue that an Aristotelian metaphysics, according to which identity is a matter of function, offers a plausible solution: Christ's components may acquire a radically new identity through being parts of the whole, which enables them to be reidentifiedasparts, not persons.
From restricted to full omniscience
Authors: PRUSS ALEXANDER R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSome, notably Peter van Inwagen, in order to avoid problems with free will and omniscience, replace the condition that an omniscient being knows all true propositions with a version of the apparently weaker condition that an omniscient being knows all knowable true propositions. I shall show that the apparently weaker condition, when conjoined with uncontroversial claims and the logical closure of an omniscient being's knowledge, still yields the claim that an omniscient being knows all true propositions.
Variability, negative evidence, and the acquisition of verb argument constructions
Authors: PERFORS AMY , TENENBAUM JOSHUA B. , WONNACOTT ELIZABETH 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTWe present a hierarchical Bayesian framework for modeling the acquisition of verb argument constructions. It embodies a domain-general approach to learning higher-level knowledge in the form of inductive constraints (or overhypotheses), and has been used to explain other aspects of language development such as the shape bias in learning object names. Here, we demonstrate that the same model captures several phenomena in the acquisition of verb constructions. Our model, like adults in a series of artificial language learning experiments, makes inferences about the distributional statistics of verbs on several levels of abstraction simultaneously. It also produces the qualitative learning patterns displayed by children over the time course of acquisition. These results suggest that the patterns of generalization observed in both children and adults could emerge from basic assumptions about the nature of learning. They also provide an example of a broad class of computational approaches that can resolve Baker's Paradox.
Maintaining independence in older people
Authors: Beswick AD , Gooberman-Hill R , Smith A , Wylde V , Ebrahim S 
Published: April 2010

SummaryAppropriate social and medical interventions may help maintain independence in older people. Determinants of functional decline, disability and reduced independence are recognized and specific interventions target the treatment of clinical conditions, multiple health problems and geriatric conditions, prevention of falls and fractures, and maintenance of physical and cognitive function and social engagement.Preventive strategies to identify and treat diverse unmet needs of older people have been researched extensively. We reviewed systematically recent randomized controlled trials evaluating these ‘complex’ interventions and incorporated the findings of 21 studies into an established meta-analysis that included 108,838 people in 110 trials. There was an overall benefit of complex interventions in helping older people to live at home, explained by reduced nursing home admissions rather than death rates. Hospital admissions and falls were also reduced in intervention groups. Benefits were largely restricted to earlier studies, perhaps reflecting general improvements in health and social care for older people. The wealth of high-quality trial evidence endorses the value of preventive strategies to help maintain independence in older people.
Imagining European Identity: French Elites and the American Challenge in the Pompidou–Nixon Era
Authors: GFELLER AURÉLIE ÉLISA 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCharles de Gaulle has cast a long shadow over French political history and history writing. In exploring the French response to the United States' 1973 ‘Year of Europe’ initiative, this article challenges the dominant scholarly paradigm, which emphasises continuity between the 1960s and the 1970s. Drawing on a wide range of French and US archives, it demonstrates that renewed concerns about US power spurred the French elites both to reappraise the value of collective European action in foreign policy and to foster a pioneering concept: a politically anchored – as opposed to a geographically circumscribed – ‘European identity’.
Gray matter correlates of set-shifting among neurodegenerative disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy older adults
Authors: PA JUDY , POSSIN KATHERINE L. , WILSON STEPHEN M. , QUITANIA LOVINGLY C. , KRAMER JOEL H. , BOXER ADAM L. , WEINER MICHAEL W. , JOHNSON JULENE K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThere is increasing recognition that set-shifting, a form of cognitive control, is mediated by different neural structures. However, these regions have not yet been carefully identified as many studies do not account for the influence of component processes (e.g., motor speed). We investigated gray matter correlates of set-shifting while controlling for component processes. Using the Design Fluency (DF), Trail Making Test (TMT), and Color Word Interference (CWI) subtests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), we investigated the correlation between set-shifting performance and gray matter volume in 160 subjects with neurodegenerative disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy older adults using voxel-based morphometry. All three set-shifting tasks correlated with multiple, widespread gray matter regions. After controlling for the component processes, set-shifting performance correlated with focal regions in prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices. We also identified bilateral prefrontal cortex and the right posterior parietal lobe as common sites for set-shifting across the three tasks. There was a high degree of multicollinearity between the set-shifting conditions and the component processes of TMT and CWI, suggesting DF may better isolate set-shifting regions. Overall, these findings highlight the neuroanatomical correlates of set-shifting and the importance of controlling for component processes when investigating complex cognitive tasks. (JINS, 2010, 16, 640–650.)
Predicting cognitive decline and conversion to Alzheimer’s disease in older adults using the NAB List Learning test
Authors: GAVETT BRANDON E. , OZONOFF AL , DOKTOR VLADA , PALMISANO JOSEPH , NAIR ANIL K. , GREEN ROBERT C. , JEFFERSON ANGELA L. , STERN ROBERT A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo validate the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) List Learning test as a predictor of future multi-domain cognitive decline and conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), participants from a longitudinal research registry at a national AD Center were, at baseline, assigned to one of three groups (control, mild cognitive impairment [MCI], or AD), based solely on a diagnostic algorithm for the NAB List Learning test (Gavett et al., 2009), and followed for 1–3 years. Rate of change on common neuropsychological tests and time to convert to a consensus diagnosis of AD were evaluated to test the hypothesis that these outcomes would differ between groups (AD>MCI>control). Hypotheses were tested using linear regression models (n = 251) and Cox proportional hazards models (n = 265). The AD group declined significantly more rapidly than controls on Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), animal fluency, and Digit Symbol; and more rapidly than the MCI group on MMSE and Hooper Visual Organization Test. The MCI group declined more rapidly than controls on animal fluency and CERAD Trial 3. The MCI and AD groups had significantly shorter time to conversion to a consensus diagnosis of AD than controls. The predictive validity of the NAB List Learning algorithm makes it a clinically useful tool for the assessment of older adults. (JINS, 2010, 16, 651–660.)
Nanoscale X-Ray Microscopic Imaging of Mammalian Mineralized Tissue
Authors: Andrews Joy C. , Almeida Eduardo , van der Meulen Marjolein C.H. , Alwood Joshua S. , Lee Chialing , Liu Yijin , Chen Jie , Meirer Florian , Feser Michael , Gelb Jeff , Rudati Juana , Tkachuk Andrei , Yun Wenbing , Pianetta Piero 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA novel hard transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource operating from 5 to 15 keV X-ray energy with 14 to 30 μm2field of view has been used for high-resolution (30–40 nm) imaging and density quantification of mineralized tissue. TXM is uniquely suited for imaging of internal cellular structures and networks in mammalian mineralized tissues using relatively thick (50 μm), untreated samples that preserve tissue micro- and nanostructure. To test this method we performed Zernike phase contrast and absorption contrast imaging of mouse cancellous bone prepared under different conditions ofin vivoloading, fixation, and contrast agents. In addition, the three-dimensional structure was examined using tomography. Individual osteocytic lacunae were observed embedded within trabeculae in cancellous bone. Extensive canalicular networks were evident and included processes with diameters near the 30–40 nm instrument resolution that have not been reported previously. Trabecular density was quantified relative to rod-like crystalline apatite, and rod-like trabecular struts were found to have 51–54% of pure crystal density and plate-like areas had 44–53% of crystal density. The nanometer resolution of TXM enables future studies for visualization and quantification of ultrastructural changes in bone tissue resulting from osteoporosis, dental disease, and other pathologies.
Long-term evolution of small icy bodies of the Solar System
Authors: Prialnik Dina 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDetailed evolutionary calculations spanning 4.6 × 109yr are presented for (a) a model representing main-belt comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro, considering different initial mixtures of ices and dust, and (b) a Kuiper Belt object heated by radioactive decay, growing in size from an initial radius of 10 km to a final 250 km.It is shown that for the main-belt comet only crystalline H2O ice may survive in the interior of the nucleus, and may be found at depths ranging from ~50 to 150 m. Other volatiles will be completely lost. For the large Kuiper Belt object, evaporation and flow of water and vapor gradually remove the water from the core and the final (present) structure is differentiated, with a rocky, highly porous core of 80 km radius. Outside the core, due to refreezing of water vapor, a compact, ice-rich layer forms, a few tens of km thick. The amorphous ice is preserved in an outer layer about 20 km thick.
The surface composition of Enceladus: clues from the Ultraviolet
Authors: Hendrix Amanda R. , Hansen Candice J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe reflectance of Saturn's moon Enceladus has been measured at far ultraviolet (FUV) wavelengths (115–190 nm) by Cassini's UltraViolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS). At visible and near infrared (VNIR) wavelengths Enceladus' reflectance spectrum is very bright, consistent with a surface composed primarily of H2O ice. At FUV wavelengths, however, Enceladus is surprisingly dark – darker than would be expected for pure water ice. We find that the low FUV reflectance of Enceladus can be explained by the presence of a small amount of NH3and a small amount of a tholin in addition to H2O ice on the surface.
On the Origin of Retrograde Orbit Satellites around Saturn and Jupiter
Authors: Ma Yuehua , Zheng Jiaqing , Shen Xiaohai 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMany Retrograde Orbit Satellites around Jupiter and Saturn have been found recently. Most of them are small with irregular shapes. They are farther from the planet than regular satellites. Their orbits have big eccetricities.We tested their dynamical origin and found:
1.The small bodies can be captured by normal satellites and form retrograde orbits. But these orbits are not stable. Sooner or later, they would escape from planetary region or fall down into the planets.2.Another way is that they have formed by collisions just after regular moons formed. We studied the mechanism and obtained good results.
Modeling the effects of a faint dust coma on asteroid spectra
Authors: Carvano Jorge Márcio , Lorenz-Martins Silvia 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this work we use a simple model to study the influence of a faint dust coma on asteroid spectra, in an effort to reproduce the unusual spectral behavior seen on the asteroid (5201) Ferraz-Mello and other objects.
Language and Literacy Curriculum Supplement for Preschoolers Who Are Academically At Risk: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Justice Laura M. , McGinty Anita S. , Cabell Sonia Q. , Kilday Carolyn R. , Knighton Kathy , Huffman Ginger 
Published: April 2010

Purpose

The potential benefit that a low-cost scripted language and literacy supplemental curriculum titled
Read It Again!
(RIA; L. M. Justice, A. S. McGinty, A. R. Beckman, & C. R. Kilday, 2006) may have on preschool-age children’s skills was explored. RIA was developed to meet the needs of preschool educators who may not have access to current commercially available high-cost language and literacy curricula, which often require ongoing intensive professional development. RIA involves implementing 60 large-group lessons over a 30-week period that feature repeated use of 15 commercial storybooks.

Method
Using a quasi-experimental pre–post research design, 11 preschool teachers implemented RIA in their classrooms for an academic year, and 9 teachers working in comparable preschool programs served as comparisons. Language and literacy measures were collected in the fall and spring of the year.

Results
Children whose teachers implemented RIA had higher scores in the spring on measures of language (i.e., grammar and vocabulary) and measures of literacy (i.e., rhyme, alliteration, and print). Effect-size estimates were consistent with medium- to large-size effects.

Conclusions
RIA may be a viable means of enhancing the language and literacy instruction that is delivered within preschool classrooms and, therefore, a means of enhancing children’s language and literacy learning. Future directions for continued evaluation of RIA are discussed.
What Makes a Caseload (Un)Manageable? School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists Speak
Authors: Katz Lauren A. , Maag Abby , Fallon Karen A. , Blenkarn Katie , Smith Megan K. 
Published: April 2010

Purpose
Large caseload sizes and a shortage of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are ongoing concerns in the field of speech and language. This study was conducted to identify current mean caseload size for school-based SLPs, a threshold at which caseload size begins to be perceived as unmanageable, and variables contributing to school-based SLPs' feelings of caseload manageability.

Method
Approximately 2,000 public-school-based SLPs from across the country were solicited to participate in an online, Web-based survey between April and May of 2007. Of those SLPs who were contacted, 634 full-time SLPs from 49 states completed the survey. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.

Results
The mean caseload size for SLPs in this study was 49 students. At the caseload range of 41–50 students, approximately 60% of the SLPs perceived their caseload size as unmanageable. Logistic regression revealed caseload size, years of experience, and extent of collaboration as significant predictors of an SLP’s likelihood of feeling that his or her caseload size is manageable.

Conclusions
Caseload size continues to be an area of concern for school-based SLPs, and efforts to address this problem must continue in order to prevent long-term struggles with SLPs' dissatisfaction, shortages, and turnover. Policy, research, and clinical implications are discussed.
Alignment-free local structural search by writhe decomposition
Authors: Zhi Degui , Shatsky Maxim , Brenner Steven E. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Rapid methods for protein structure search enable biological discoveries based on flexibly defined structural similarity, unleashing the power of the ever greater number of solved protein structures. Projection methods show promise for the development of fast structural database search solutions. Projection methods map a structure to a point in a high-dimensional space and compare two structures by measuring distance between their projected points. These methods offer a tremendous increase in speed over residue-level structural alignment methods. However, current projection methods are not practical, partly because they are unable to identify local similarities.
Results: We propose a new projection-based approach that can rapidly detect global as well as local structural similarities. Local structural search is enabled by a topology-inspired writhe decomposition protocol that produces a small number of fragments while ensuring that similar structures are cut in a similar manner. In benchmark tests, we show that our method, writher, improves accuracy over existing projection methods in terms of recognizing scop domains out of multi-domain proteins, while maintaining accuracy comparable with existing projection methods in a standard single-domain benchmark test.
Availability: The source code is available at the following website: http://compbio.berkeley.edu/proj/writher/
Contact: dzhi@compbio.berkeley.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Payao: a community platform for SBML pathway model curation
Authors: Matsuoka Yukiko , Ghosh Samik , Kikuchi Norihiro , Kitano Hiroaki 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Summary: Payao is a community-based, collaborative web service platform for gene-regulatory and biochemical pathway model curation. The system combines Web 2.0 technologies and online model visualization functions to enable a collaborative community to annotate and curate biological models. Payao reads the models in Systems Biology Markup Language format, displays them with CellDesigner, a process diagram editor, which complies with the Systems Biology Graphical Notation, and provides an interface for model enrichment (adding tags and comments to the models) for the access-controlled community members.
Availability and implementation: Freely available for model curation service at http://www.payaologue.org. Web site implemented in Seaser Framework 2.0 with S2Flex2, MySQL 5.0 and Tomcat 5.5, with all major browsers supported.
Contact: kitano@sbi.jp