bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-lapse Seafloor Gravity and Height Measurements for Reservoir Monitoring
Authors: Zumberge Mark , Sasagawa Glenn , Alnes Havard , Eiken Ola , Stenvold Torkjell 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Since 1998 we have been making repeated relative gravity measurements onseafloor benchmarks to monitor temporal and spatial density change in producingnatural gas reservoirs and in a CO2 sequestration reservoir. We simultaneouslycollect ambient ocean pressure data to infer benchmark height changes. We haveobtained repeatability in gravity and height of 2 to 3 ?Gal and 2 to 5 mmrespectively. To date we have completed 16 surveys of six reservoirs; each hasbeen repeated at least once. The data provide information useful for reservoirmanagement and tracking injected CO2.

Introduction
Maximizing the recovery of hydrocarbons in producing reservoirs is an importantactivity currently being addressed by several geophysical techniques. One ofthese — time lapse gravity — offers a unique vision into a reservoir wheredensity is being changed because of production. Our collaboration has beenusing changes in gravity, observed on the seafloor above offshore reservoirs. Because of the low density of gas compared to water or oil, gravity has beenmost effective in monitoring gas reservoirs.
In the simplest model, water flows into a gas reservoir during production toreplace the gas that has been removed. The resulting net increase in densityproduces a positive change in the value of gravity observed over the reservoir. Depending on the geometry and characteristics of the gas reservoir, gravitymeasurements can be made precise enough to detect a rise in reservoir waterlevel of less than 1 m. Compared to the 4D seismic approach, this can be moresensitive to small movements of large fronts.

Details of the method
Seafloor surveys require the use of a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) and asurvey vessel equipped with the infrastructure to support it. We have found itmost efficient to use three seafloor gravity meters simultaneously. The metersare Scintrex model CG5s which we have adapted for seafloor use. Each meterconsists of a CG5 mounted in a motor-controlled gimbal frame housed in a deepocean pressure cylinder. A microprocessor in the package controls gimballeveling motors to orient the sensor with the local vertical. Each pressurecase also contains a quartz pressure gauge (Paroscientific DigiQuartz model31k) to record ambient seawater pressure. Gravity, pressure, tilt angles, compass heading, sensor temperature, ambient temperature and other housekeepingparameters are acquired and formatted by the microprocessor and telemetered tooperators on the ship in real time via the ROV's umbilical. The operatorscontrol each sensor through a LabView interface program operating on a PC inthe ROV control room on the vessel. This enables smooth communication betweenthe gravity meter operators and the ROV pilots.
The three gravity meter systems are mounted into a single deployment framewhich isolates them from shocks generated by the ROV launch and recoveryactivities. The frame is lifted by a hydraulic arm on the ROV, speciallyconstructed for these surveys.
Iron-deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women: What preventing Practitioners from using IV Iron Sucrose
Authors: Divakar Hema 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundSevere anemia in pregnancy results in relatively poor maternal and fetal outcome. Maternal effects are preterm labor, preeclampsia, sepsis and postpartum hemorrhage and increase need of blood transfusion. In India, the decision to recommend appropriate supplementation for IDA in pregnant women is left to the health care personnel and based on the individual maternal condition.ObjectiveTo assess the problems/limitations of health care practitioners to treat IDA with IV iron sucrose in pregnant women and to suggest ways forward for expansion of its use with confidence.Materials and methodsThe questionnaire included 18 questions altogether related to treatment, influencing factors for treatment, risk factors, attitutes and awareness about parenteral iron sucrose supplementation. All data were entered into an electronic database without personal identifiers to maintain confidentiality. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 17.0.ResultsThe survey consisted of responses from 107 health care professionals from urban and rural practitioners in India. Out of 107, 28.1% respondents said that the majority of the anemic patients were between 9.9 and 7.0 mg/dl Hb—moderate category. A total of 78 (72.90%) said that they would recheck Hb levels 4 weeks after oral ion treatment for checking the patient's response. Of the respondents, 42.52% of them said that the women were compliant and took supplementation as per prescription. All respondents agreed that there could be a mean 58% reduction of blood transfusions by using IV iron sucrose. Many respondents (74, 79.44%) expressed interest to have more information from recent research to expand the indications for use.ConclusionDissemination of information related to IV iron sucrose to all practitioners and reduction in costs would help them to expand the use with confidence and avert many complications related to maternal and fetal health due to gestational anemia.How to cite this articleDivakar H. Iron-deficiency Anemia in Pregnant Women: What preventing Practitioners from using IV Iron Sucrose. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2012;3(1): 1-7.
Social Isolation Following Embryo Transfer increases Success Rates in IVF and ICSI Cycles
Authors: Kottur Anu , Srinivas Muthugadhahalli S , Majumdar Partha P , Bhargava Pushpa M 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveBruce et al had shown, during 1959 to 1968, that if, 24 hours after mating, a mouse belonging to a different inbred strain than the stud mouse was placed in the cage of the female mouse, partitioned in such a way that no physical contact of the nonstud male with the female was possible, pregnancy was blocked. We, therefore, decided to determine whether, by analogy with mice, isolation of women from all other men except the husband, for 3 days after embryo transfer followingin vitrofertilization (IVF) or intracycloplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), increases the establishment of pregnancy.MethodWe isolated randomly selected 729 women from all other men except the husband for 3 full days after embryo transfer following IVF/ICSI, and followed them to the end of pregnancy; 1005 randomly selected women who were treated similarly but not isolated served as the control group.ResultsThe establishment of clinical pregnancy as well as live births were more than 50% higher in the isolated group than in the control.ConclusionThe social isolation as mentioned above could substantially increase the success rates in IVF or ICSI. While the exact mechanism of this phenomenon is yet to be understood, one possible explanation may be, by analogy with mice, an olfactory block to implantation.How to cite this articleRao KA, Srinivas MS, Kottur A, Majumdar PP, Bhargava PM. Social Isolation Following Embryo Transfer Increases Success Rates in IVF and ICSI Cycles. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2012;3(1):8-14.
Low-Cost Airlines: A Failed Business Model?
Authors: Button Kenneth 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The article examines the sustainability of the low-cost, or no-frills, airline business model. It looks at the background to the development of this managerial approach within the context of some prevailing business theories and considers variations on the basic low-cost airline model. It assesses, drawing from the experiences of a number of markets, whether the model in itself is likely to be enduring, or whether it is simply a transient way for some airlines to recover their full costs.
The Chicago–East Coast Corridor: Changing Intermodal Patterns
Authors: Hull Bradley 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Chicago–East Coast Corridor is a network of highways and railroad tracks connecting Chicago to cities on the East Coast. Cargos flow through it in both directions—Asian cargos flow from West Coast ports through Chicago for eastward delivery, and cargos from India and Europe flow from East Coast seaports to Chicago and beyond for westward delivery. This heavily used Corridor is currently expanding in both capacity and service offerings. However, two areas of the Corridor, Detroit and Northeast Ohio, remain less well served. The article outlines the changes taking place and suggests opportunities that might benefit these two areas. In particular, the St. Lawrence Seaway is part of an all-water minimum-mileage route between the Midwest and Rotterdam and Antwerp. This underutilized and almost forgotten route, if used, would eliminate a significant amount of rail and truck traffic to Detroit and Northeast Ohio. Further, increased rail deliveries from Halifax and Montreal to Detroit would allow Detroit to develop a substantial rail hub, reducing its truck deliveries from Chicago. Both suggestions would significantly reduce trucking in the Corridor.
A Comparison of Contract Types for Procuring Trucking Services: A Case Study of A Large Swedish Retailer
Authors: Lundin Johan F. , Hedberg Leyla 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe found that a large Swedish grocery retailer was missing a structured approach for deciding on contract type when procuring trucking services in shipper-forwarder relationships. In this context, we identified four contract types: dedicated services, periodical services, truckload services, and less-than-truckload services. From previous literature, we found that trucking costs, utilization, and coordination costs impacted prices when tendering for trucking services. Thus, the purpose of this article is to compare the four contract types for trucking services based on trucking service costs, which includes a tradeoff between utilization and coordination costs. Using an applied research project, we worked together with the grocery retailer to compare contract types. Our results show that it is possible to compare contract type using trucking costs, utilization, and coordination costs associated with each contract type.
Synthesis of biobased phenolic resins/adhesives with methylolated wood‐derived bio‐oil
Authors: Cheng Shuna , Yuan Zhongshun , Anderson Mark , Leitch Mathew , Xu Chunbao (Charles) 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBio‐oil from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) sawdust was methylolated with formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The obtained methylolated bio‐oil (MB) was used to synthesize methylolated bio‐oil–phenol formaldehyde (MBPF) resol resins with a phenol substitution ratio of up to 75 wt %. All of the resins were used as wood adhesives for the production of a three‐layered plywood. The MBPF resol resins were comprehensively characterized for their physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties (e.g., viscosity, nonvolatile content, shelf life, free formaldehyde level, molecular weight and distribution, curing temperature, bonding strength) when used as plywood adhesives. All of the MBPF resins contained similar nonvolatile contents as the reference pure phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin but had higher viscosities and shorter shelf lives, depending on the amount of MB in the MBPF. All of the MBPF resins displayed a lower curing temperature than the reference PF resin, with the main curing peak around 140°C, which was similar to that of the pure PF resin. According to thermogravimetric analysis, the methylolation treatment of bio‐oil improved the thermal stability of the MBPF resins compared to the bio‐oil–PF resol resins, which used untreated bio‐oil. The dry/wet bonding strengths of the plywood specimens glued with the MBPF resol resins with up to 60 wt % phenol substitution exceeded or were comparable to those of the conventional PF resol resin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effects of preform deformation behavior on the properties of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles
Authors: Demirel B. , Daver F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPlastics bottles made out of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are usually produced by injection stretch blow molding. Optimization of the process parameters is necessary to achieve bottles with adequate top load and burst strength. However, doing so experimentally is time‐consuming and costly. To overcome this difficulty, simulation packages based on finite element analysis methods have been developed. In this study, process optimization of a 350‐mL PET fruit juice bottle was carried out by means of BlowView and ANSYS simulation packages. BlowView was used for the ISBM process simulation and ANSYS for structural analysis of the bottles. The bottles were produced under different process conditions where the timing of the stretch rod movement was varied in relation to the activation of the blow pressure. The simulation results obtained through the both simulation packages were compared with experimental results. It was found that bottles of highest quality were produced if the sequencing of axial stretching and radial inflation results in simultaneous biaxial deformation of the preform. Truly biaxial orientation of PET molecules improved both top‐load and burst resistances of the bottles. The structural simulation studies performed by the ANYSYS simulation package validated most of our experimental findings. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Molecular Structure Determination Using Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Where We May Go Wrong?
Authors: Polavarapu Prasad L. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTChiroptical spectroscopy is being widely used for determining the three‐dimensional molecular structures (i.e., absolute configurations and conformations) of chiral molecules. The general procedure used with any of the chiroptical spectroscopic methods is to analyze the experimental data using corresponding quantum chemical predictions. Such analysis involves multiple steps, including consideration of conformations, solvent effects, electronic transitions, stereoisomers, and experimental artifacts, each of which possesses certain limitations. These limitations, when not recognized or properly taken into account, may lead to incorrect conclusions. This review emphasizes on selected examples that illustrate the potential limitations in utilizing the chiroptical spectroscopic methods. The examples used include hibiscus acid dimethylester, hibiscus acid disodium salt, 3,3′‐diphenyl‐[2,2′‐binaphthalene]‐1,1′‐diol, tartaric acid esters, and 6,6′‐dibromo‐[1,1′‐binaphthalene]‐2,2′‐diol. Chirality 24:909–920, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Certification of steroid carbon isotope ratios in a freeze‐dried human urine reference material
Authors: Munton Ellaine , Liu Fong‐Ha , John Murby E. , Brynn Hibbert D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAn accurate method for the measurement of carbon isotope ratios of steroids in human urine has been developed at the National Measurement Institute, Australia (NMIA) for the certification of a freeze‐dried human urine reference material (CRM NMIA MX005). The method measures δ13C values by gas chromatography‐combustion‐isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐C‐IRMS) analysis following hydrolysis, solvent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification. Reference δ13C values for testosterone metabolites etiocholanolone, androsterone, and endogenous reference compounds (ERCs) 11β‐hydroxyandrosterone and pregnanediol were determined, as well as information δ13C values for testosterone, epitestosterone, 11‐oxoetiocholanolone, and a range of differences (Δ13C) between testosterone metabolites and ERCs. The measurement uncertainty was rigorously evaluated with expanded uncertainties for the reference δ13C values between 1.1 and 1.6 ‰ at the 95% coverage level. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
APPLYING RISK ADJUSTED COST‐EFFECTIVENESS (RAC‐E) ANALYSIS TO HOSPITALS: ESTIMATING THE COSTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF VARIATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Karnon Jonathan , Caffrey Orla , Pham Clarabelle , Grieve Richard , Ben‐Tovim David , Hakendorf Paul , Crotty Maria 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTCost‐effectiveness analysis is well established for pharmaceuticals and medical technologies but not for evaluating variations in clinical practice. This paper describes a novel methodology—risk adjusted cost‐effectiveness (RAC‐E)—that facilitates the comparative evaluation of applied clinical practice processes.In this application, risk adjustment is undertaken with a multivariate matching algorithm that balances the baseline characteristics of patients attending different settings (e.g. hospitals). Linked, routinely collected data are used to analyse patient‐level costs and outcomes over a 2‐year period, as well as to extrapolate costs and survival over patient lifetimes. The study reports the relative cost‐effectiveness of alternative forms of clinical practice, including a full representation of the statistical uncertainty around the mean estimates.The methodology is illustrated by a case study that evaluates the relative cost‐effectiveness of services for patients presenting with acute chest pain across the four main public hospitals in South Australia. The evaluation finds that services provided at two hospitals were dominated, and of the remaining services, the more effective hospital gained life years at a low mean additional cost and had an 80% probability of being the most cost‐effective hospital at realistic cost‐effectiveness thresholds.Potential determinants of the estimated variation in costs and effects were identified, although more detailed analyses to identify specific areas of variation in clinical practice are required to inform improvements at the less cost‐effective institutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Molybdenum(II) Complexes with the N,N‐dimethylthiocarbamoyl Containing Ligand: Crystal Structures of β [Mo(CO)2{η2‐S2P(OEt)2}(η2‐SCNMe2)(PPh3)] and [Mo(CO)2(η3‐Tp)(η2‐SCNMe2)(PPh3)]
Authors: Wang Hsiao‐Fen , Yih Kuang‐Hway , Zeng Weng‐Feng , Huang Shou.‐Ling , Lee Gene‐Hsiang 
Published: April 2012

AbstractReactions of the thiocarbamoyl‐molybdenum complex [Mo(CO)2(η2‐SCNMe2)(PPh3)2Cl] 1, and ammonium diethyldithiophosphate, NH4S2P(OEt)2, and potassium tris(pyrazoyl‐1‐yl)borate, KTp, in dichloromethane at room temperature yielded the seven coordinated diethyldithiophosphate thiocarbamoyl‐molybdenum complexe [Mo(CO)2{η2‐S2P(OEt)2}(η2‐SCNMe2)(PPh3)] β‐3, and tris(pyrazoyl‐1‐yl)borate thiocabamoyl‐molybdenum complex [Mo(CO)2(η3‐Tp)(η2‐SCNMe2)(PPh3)] 4, respectively. The geometry around the metal atom of compounds β‐3 and 4 are capped octahedrons. The α‐ and β‐isomers are defined to the dithio‐ligand and one of the carbonyl ligands in the trans position in former and two carbonyl ligands in the trans position in later. The thiocabamoyl and diethyldithiophosphate or tris(pyrazoyl‐1‐yl)borate ligands coordinate to the molybdenum metal center through the carbon and sulfur and two sulfur atoms, or three nitrogen atoms, respectively. Complexes β‐3 and 4 are characterized by X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Stressed Kinetics of Nanoemulsion Formulation Encapsulated Ropinirole with a Validated Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Synapt Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS ESI‐Q‐TOF)
Authors: Mustafa Gulam , Ahmad Niyaz , Baboota Sanjula , Ali Javed , Ahuja Alka 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA highly sensitive ultra high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC‐MSMS) method for estimation of ropinirole in rat brain homogenate and plasma has been validated. The method was successfully used for the degradation kinetics in different stress condition and regulated temperature. The chromatographic separation was achieved using isocratic mobile phase, consisting of acetonitrile–2mM ammoniumacetate (28:72 v/v; 0.25 mL min−1). The mass spectrometer was operated in synapt mass spectrometry mode via positive electrospray ionization using the transitions m/z 260 → m/z 261 for ropinirole, and m/z 324.39 → m/z 262.161 as a parent ion of escitalopram (IS). The assay for ropinirole was linear over the range of 0.5–100 ng mL−1 (r2; 0.999). The intra‐ and inter day precisions were less than 11.2% in terms of relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), and the accuracy was within ±6.4% in terms of relative error (RE). The mean extraction‐efficiency of QC samples (MQC, 8 ng/mL) was ≥80%. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.049 ng/mL where as lower limit of detection (LLOD) was 0.016 ng/mL. All the peaks of degradation were well resolved. The degradation kinetics of ropinirole, showed highest stability (t1/2 256.66/h; t0.9, 39.11/h) in acidic medium, lower stability in alkaline environment (t1/2, 103.43/h; t0.9, 15.76/h) and highly susceptible in oxidative environment (t1/2, 21.58/h; t0.9, 3.28/h). The applicability of this assay was demonstrated and successfully applied for pharmacokinetic profiling of ropinirole in Wister rat brain homogenate after intranasal administration.
Electrochemical Determination of Tyrosine in the Presence of Dopamine and Uric Acid at the Surface of Gold Nanoparticles Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Ghoreishi S. M. , Behpour M. , Jafari N. , Golestaneh M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA gold nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (GN‐CPE) was used as a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor for determination of tyrosine (Tyr), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The study and measurements were carried out by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry methods. In DPV, the GN‐CPE could separate the oxidation peak potentials of DA and UA present in the same solution, though at the unmodified CPE the peak potentials were indistinguishable. The prepared electrode showed voltammetric responses with high sensitivity and selectivity for Tyr, DA and UA in optimal conditions, which makes it very suitable for simultaneous determination of these compounds. The calibration curves for Try, DA and UA were linear for the concentrations of each species. The proposed voltammetric approach was also applied to the determination of Tyr concentration in human serum as a real sample.
Synthesis of Dendrimer‐Encapsulated Silver Nanoparticles and Its Catalytic Activity on the Reduction of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Asharani I. V. , Thirumalai D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new type of water soluble PEG core dendrimer having hydroxyl groups at the periphery was synthesized and used to prepare silver nanoparticles. The dendrimer and the dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs) were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The kinetics of catalytic activity of the prepared silver nanoparticle on the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol by NaBH4 as a reductant was studied using UV‐Visible spectrophotometer.
Study on the Electrochemical Properties of Salvianic Acid A Sodium and its Analytical Application
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Yamin , Wu Shufang , Song Ge , Ye Baoxian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of salvianic acid A sodium (SAS), a main active content in Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), was studied for the first time by cyclic voltammetry (CV). A new electroanalytical method of SAS was erected using differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. In pH 3.3 britton‐robinson (B‐R) buffer solution, the medicine showed a pair of redox peaks driven by adsorption. The electrode process involved two electrons and two protons transformation with apparent rate constant (ks) of 2.85 s−1 and transfer coefficient (α) of 0.81. Based on understanding the electrochemical process of SAS at the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), analysis of SAS can be realized. The oxidation peak currents showed linear with the concentrations of SAS in the range of 5.45 × 10−8 to 1.09 × 10−5 M. The limit of detection was 5.45 × 10−8 M. The proposed method has high sensitivity, wide linear range, and was successfully applied to quantitative determination of the SAS in Rukuaixiao Tablets.