bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Nanoporous Binary AuRu Electrocatalysts for Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Yi Qingfeng , Yu Wenqiang , Niu Fengjuan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work, we study the fabrication, structural characterization, and electrochemical activity of titanium‐supported binary AuRu catalysts for glucose oxidation. The catalysts including Au99Ru1, Au95Ru5, Au93Ru7 and Au88Ru12 were prepared by a hydrothermal method using formaldehyde as a reduction agent. The morphologies of the prepared AuRu catalyst structures are characterized by porous dendritic particles with roughened surfaces with nano‐sized flakes. Electrochemical catalytic activity of the binary AuRu catalysts towards glucose oxidation in alkaline solutions was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. All binary AuRu catalysts facilitate glucose oxidation at the lower potentials and deliver higher anodic oxidation currents compared to pure Au catalyst. Among them, the binary Au95Ru5 catalyst presents the most negative onset potential of −0.872 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, 3 M KCl) for glucose oxidation in 0.1 M NaOH solution. For the Au95Ru5 catalyst, chronoamperometric data at the potential step of −0.65 V (vs. Ag/AgCl,3 M KCl) exhibit a well linear dependence of the anodic oxidation current density on glucose concentration in the range of 0 to 15 mM glucose.
Optimal boundary discretization by variational data assimilation
Authors: Kazantsev Eugene 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA variational data assimilation technique applied to the identification of the optimal discretization of interpolation operators and derivatives in the nodes adjacent to the boundary of the domain is discussed in frames of the linear shallow water model. The advantage of controlling the discretization of operators near the boundary rather than boundary conditions is shown. Assimilating data that have been produced by the same model on a finer grid, in a model on a coarse grid, we have shown that optimal discretization allows us to correct such errors of the numerical scheme as under‐resolved boundary layer and wrong wave velocity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A direct numerical simulation of axisymmetric liquid–gas two‐phase laminar flows in a pipe
Authors: Tai Cheng‐Feng , Chung J. N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn accurate finite‐volume‐based numerical method for the simulation of an isothermal two‐phase flow, consisting of a liquid slug translating in a non‐reacting gas in a circular pipe is presented. This method is built on a sharp interface concept and developed on an Eulerian Cartesian fixed‐grid with a cut‐cell scheme and marker points to track the moving interface. The unsteady, axisymmetric Navier–Stokes equations in both liquid and gas phases are solved separately. The mass continuity and momentum flux conditions are explicitly matched at the true surface phase boundary to determine the interface shape and movement. A quadratic curve fitting algorithm with marker points is used to yield smooth and accurate information of the interface curvatures.It is uniquely demonstrated for the first time with the current method that conservation of mass is strictly enforced for continuous infusion of flow into the domain of computation. The method has been used to compute the velocity and pressure fields and the deformation of the liquid core. It is also shown that the current method is capable of producing accurate results for a wide range of Reynolds number, Re, Weber number, We, and large property jumps at the interface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occurrence of depression and its correlates in early onset dementia patients
Authors: Rosness Tor Atle , Barca Maria Lage , Engedal Knut 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveWe wanted to investigate the occurrence of depression in early onset dementia (EOD) patients and which characteristics were associated with depressive symptoms.MethodsWe included 221 patients who were diagnosed with dementia before the age of 65. Depression in these patients was measured by the Montgomery Asberg depression scale (MADRS). Measurements of cognition, behavioural and psychological symptoms and activities of daily life were along with hypothyroidism, diabetes and stroke included in the analysis. History of depression, current psychiatric co‐morbidity and usage of antidepressants were recorded.ResultsMean age of patients was 58.6 years (SD = 5.2); 50.6% were women. Of them 123 patients (55.6%) had a mild degree of depression (MADRS total score 7–19), 21 patients (9.5%) had a moderate degree of depression (MADRS total score 20–34) and only 1 patient had a severe degree of depression (MADRS total score ≥35). A factor analysis produced two factors; the first factor described dysphoria: lack of concentration, pessimistic thoughts, inner tension, suicidal thoughts lassitude and lack of sleep. The second factor denoted sadness: observed sadness, reported sadness, lack of appetite and inability to feel. In an adjusted linear regression analysis history of depression was the only significantly variable associated with the MADRS total score and both factors 1 and 2.ConclusionWe found a high occurrence of depressive symptoms in EOD patients; 65.7% of all our patients had some degree of depression. A history of depression was the most important correlate of depression in these patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing mild cognitive impairment among older African Americans
Authors: Gamaldo Alyssa A. , Allaire Jason C. , Sims Regina C. , Whitfield Keith E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the frequency of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in African American older adults. The study also plans to explore the specific cognitive domains of impairment as well as whether there are differences in demographics, health, and cognitive performance between MCI and normal participants.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingIndependent‐living sample of urban dwelling elders in Baltimore, Maryland.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 554 subjects ranging in age from 50 to 95 (Mean = 68.79 ± 9.60).MeasurementsSocio‐demographics and health were assessed. Several cognitive measures were administered to assess inductive reasoning, declarative memory, perceptual speed, working memory, executive functioning, language and global cognitive functioning.ResultsApproximately 22% of participants were considered MCI (i.e. 18% non‐amnestic vs. 4% amnestic). A majority of the non‐amnestic MCI participants had impairment in one cognitive domain, particularly language and executive function. Individuals classified as non‐amnestic MCI were significantly older and had more years of education than normal individuals. The MCI groups were not significantly different than cognitively normal individuals on health factors. Individuals classified as MCI performed significantly worse on global cognitive measures as well as across specific cognitive domains than cognitively normal individuals.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that impairment in a non‐memory domain may be an early indicator of cognitive impairment, particularly among African Americans. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective synthesis and antioxidant activity of azabicycloadducts derived from 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone
Authors: Arora Komal , Jose D. , Singh D. , Gupta R. S. , Pardasani P. , Pardasani R. T. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA facile synthesis of sprio{1‐aza‐bicyclo‐[3,3,0]‐6‐octene‐8,1′ ‐phenanthrene}‐2′‐ones has been accomplished by [3+2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylide (amy) generated from 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone and different secondary cyclic amino acids, namely, thiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid, L‐pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (L‐proline), and piperidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (pipecolinic acid) with electron‐deficient dipolarophiles in 67%–79% yield. AM1 calculations have been performed to understand the stereochemical course of the cycloaddition. The products have been characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques, namely IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies as well as mass spectrometry. Some of the synthesized cycloadducts showed moderate antioxidant activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:379–392, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20562
Reversibility of metabolic and morphological changes associated with chronic exposure of pancreatic islet β‐cells to fatty acids
Authors: Pinnick Katherine , Neville Matt , Clark Anne , Fielding Barbara 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPancreatic β‐cells metabolise both lipid and glucose nutrients but chronic exposure (>24 h) to elevated fatty acid (FA) concentrations results in deleterious metabolic and morphological changes. The aims of this study were to assess the adaptive morphological, metabolic and secretory responses of islet β‐cells to exposure and removal of FA. Isolated mouse islets and INS‐1 β‐cells were exposed to oleate or palmitate (0.5 mM) or a 1:1 mixture of both FA for 48 h prior to a 24 h period without FA. Subsequent changes in lipid storage and composition (triglycerides, TG and phospholipids, PL), gene expression, β‐cell morphology and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were determined. Intracellular TG content increased during exposure to FA and was lower in cells subsequently incubated in FA‐free media (P < 0.05); TG storage was visible as oil red O positive droplets (oleate) by light microscopy or ‘splits’ (palmitate) by electron microscopy. Significant desaturation of β‐cell FA occurred after exposure to oleate and palmitate. After incubation in FA‐free media, there was differential handling of specific FA in TG, resulting in a profile that tended to revert to that of control cells. FA treatment resulted in elevated lipolysis of intracellular TG, increased FA oxidation and reduced GSIS. After incubation in FA‐free media, oxidation remained elevated but inhibition of FA oxidation with etomoxir (10 µM) had no effect on the improvement in GSIS. The β‐cell demonstrates metabolic flexibility as an adaptive response to ambient concentrations of FA. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 683–692, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Keratinocyte growth factor promotes preadipocyte proliferation via an autocrine mechanism
Authors: Zhang Ting , Guan Haiyan , Yang Kaiping 
Published: January 2010

AbstractKeratinocyte growth factor (KGF; also known as FGF‐7) is a well‐characterized paracrine growth factor for tissue growth and regeneration. However, its role in adipose tissue, which is known to undergo tremendous expansion in obesity, is virtually unknown. Given that we previously identified KGF as one of the up‐regulated growth factors in adipose tissue of an early‐life programmed rat model of visceral obesity, the present study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that KGF promotes adipogenesis. Using 3T3‐L1 and rat primary preadipocytes as in vitro model systems, we demonstrated that (1) KGF stimulated preadipocyte proliferation in a concentration‐dependent manner with a maximal effect at 2.5 ng/ml (∼2‐fold increase); (2) KGF mRNA was highly expressed in rat adipocytes and preadipocytes as well as 3T3‐L1 cells; (3) treatment of preadipocytes with a neutralizing antibody against KGF and siRNA‐mediated knockdown of KGF led to a 50% reduction in their proliferative capacity; (4) KGF activated the protein kinase Akt, and the PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 blocked KGF stimulation of preadipocyte proliferation; and (5) KGF did not promote differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. Together, these results reveal adipocytes and their precursor cells as novel sites of KGF production. Importantly, they also demonstrate that KGF promotes preadipocyte proliferation by an autocrine mechanism that involves activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Aberrant KGF expression may have consequences not only for normal adipose tissue growth but also for the pathogenesis of obesity. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 737–746, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hormone and pharmaceutical regulation of ASP production in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Gao Ying , Gauvreau Danny , Cianflone Katherine 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated increases in acylation stimulating protein (ASP), and precursor protein C3 in obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia, however the nature of the regulation is unknown. To evaluate chronic hormonal and pharmaceutical mediated changes in ASP and potential mechanisms, 3T3‐L1 adipocytes were treated with physiological concentrations of relevant hormones and drugs currently used in treatment of metabolic diseases for 48 h. Medium ASP production and C3 secretion were evaluated in relation to changes in adipocyte lipid metabolism (cellular triglyceride (TG) mass, non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) release and real‐time FA uptake). Chylomicrons increased ASP production (up to 411 ± 133% P < 0.05), while leptin, triiodothyronine, and β‐blockers atenolol and propranolol had no effect. Dexamethasone, lovastatin, rosiglitazone and rimonabant decreased ASP production (−53 to −85%, P < 0.05), associated with a decrease in the precursor protein C3 (−37% to −65%, P < 0.01). By contrast, epinephrine, progesterone, testosterone, angiotensin II and metformin also decreased ASP (−54% to −100%, P < 0.05), but without change in precursor protein C3, suggesting a direct effect on convertase activity, possibly mediated by interference (except metformin) due to marked increases in NEFA (5.6–31‐fold, increased P < 0.05). Both lovastatin and metformin induced decreases in ASP were also associated with decreased TG mass (maximal −60%, P < 0.05) and real‐time FA uptake (maximum −75%, P < 0.05), suggesting a change in adipocyte differentiation status. These in vitro results are consistent with in vivo ASP profiles in subjects, and suggest that ASP may be regulated through precursor C3 availability, convertase activity and differentiation status. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 896–905, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclic strain modulates migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via Rho‐GDIα, Rac1, and p38 pathway
Authors: Qi Ying‐Xin , Qu Ming‐Juan , Yan Zhi‐Qiang , Zhao Dan , Jiang Xiao‐Hua , Shen Bao‐Rong , Jiang Zong‐Lai 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCyclic strain is an important inducer of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) which are involved in vascular remodeling during hypertension. However, its mechanism remains to be elucidated. VSMCs of rat aorta were exposed to cyclic strains in vitro with defined parameters, the static, 5%‐strain (physiological) and 15%‐strain (pathological), at 1.25 Hz for 24 h respectively. Then the possible signaling molecules participated in strain‐induced VSMC migration and proliferation were investigated. The results showed that 15%‐strain significantly increased VSMC migration and proliferation in comparison with 5%‐strain. Expression of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (Rho‐GDIα) was repressed by 15%‐strain, but expressions of phospho‐Rac1 and phospho‐p38 were increased. Expressions of phospho‐Akt and phospho‐ERK1/2 were similar between the static, 5%‐strain and 15%‐strain groups. Rho‐GDIα “knock‐down” by target siRNA transfection increased migration and proliferation of VSMCs, and up‐regulated phosphorylation of Rac1 and p38 in all groups. Rac1 “knock‐down” repressed migration and proliferation of VSMCs, down‐regulated phosphorylation of p38, but had no effect on Rho‐GDIα expression. When siRNAs of Rho‐GDIα and Rac1 were co‐transfected to VSMCs, the expressions of Rho‐GDIα and phospho‐Rac1 were both decreased, and the effects of Rho‐GDIα “knock‐down” were blocked. Rho‐GDIα “knock‐down” promoted while Rac1 “knock‐down” postponed the assembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions in static. The results demonstrate that the pathological cyclic strain might induce migration and proliferation of VSMCs via repressing expression of Rho‐GDIα, which subsequently verified phosphorylations of Rac1 and p38. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 906–914, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SUV39h‐ and A‐type lamin‐dependent telomere nuclear rearrangement
Authors: Uhlířová Radka , Horáková Andrea Harničarová , Galiová Gabriela , Legartová Soňa , Matula Pavel , Fojtová Miloslava , Vařecha Miroslav , Amrichová Jana , Vondráček Jan , Kozubek Stanislav , Bártová Eva 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTelomeres are specialized chromatin structures that are situated at the end of linear chromosomes and play an important role in cell senescence and immortalization. Here, we investigated whether changes in histone signature influence the nuclear arrangement and positioning of telomeres. Analysis of mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed that telomeres were organized into specific clusters that partially associated with centromeric clusters. This nuclear arrangement was influenced by deficiency of the histone methyltransferase SUV39h, LMNA deficiency, and the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA). Similarly, nuclear radial distributions of telomeric clusters were preferentially influenced by TSA, which caused relocation of telomeres closer to the nuclear center. Telomeres also co‐localized with promyelocytic leukemia bodies (PML). This association was increased by SUV39h deficiency and decreased by LMNA deficiency. These differences could be explained by differing levels of the telomerase subunit, TERT, in SUV39h‐ and LMNA‐deficient fibroblasts. Taken together, our data show that SUV39h and A‐type lamins likely play a key role in telomere maintenance and telomere nuclear architecture. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 915–926, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trihydrophobin 1 attenuates androgen signal transduction through promoting androgen receptor degradation
Authors: Yang Yanzhong , Zou Weiying , Kong Xiangfei , Wang Hanzhou , Zong Hongliang , Jiang Jianhai , Wang Yanlin , Hong Yi , Chi Yayun , Xie Jianhui , Gu Jianxin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe androgen‐signaling pathway plays critical roles in normal prostate development, benign prostatic hyperplasia, established prostate cancer, and in prostate carcinogenesis. In this study, we report that trihydrophobin 1 (TH1) is a potent negative regulator to attenuate the androgen signal‐transduction cascade through promoting androgen receptor (AR) degradation. TH1 interacts with AR both in vitro and in vivo, decreases the stability of AR, and promotes AR ubiquitination in a ligand‐independent manner. TH1 also associates with AR at the active androgen‐responsive prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) promoter in the nucleus of LNCaP cells. Decrease of endogenous AR protein by TH1 interferes with androgen‐induced luciferase reporter expression and reduces endogenous PSA expression. Taken together, these results indicate that TH1 is a novel regulator to control the duration and magnitude of androgen signal transduction and might be directly involved in androgen‐related developmental, physiological, and pathological processes. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1013–1024, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PSMD9 is linked to MODY3
Authors: Gragnoli Claudia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractType 2 diabetes has a replicated linkage on chromosome12q24.2 (NIDDM2 locus/non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus 2 locus), near the HNF‐1α/MODY3 gene. The MODY3 gene is not responsible for this linkage. PSMD9—contributing to T2D in Italians by rare unique mutations and by the common haplotype A/T/G—lies in the NIDDM2 region. By genotyping the two markers D12S1721/D12S2073 nearby the MODY3 gene in our unrelated T2D cases, we previously excluded that the PSMD9 SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the MODY3 gene. In the present study, we aimed at identifying whether the PSMD9 A/T/G haplotype is present in the Italy‐1 and Italy‐3 MODY3 families and whether it cosegregates with diabetes/MODY3. We raised the question whether there is a digenic additive model within the MODY3 families to which the PSMD9 A/T/G haplotype contributes. We demonstrated that the PSMD9 A/T/G haplotype is linked to the MODY3 established mutations in the Italy‐1 and Italy‐3 families. By non‐parametric and parametric linkage analyses, and LD modeling, in the Italy‐1 and Italy‐3 families we hereby show that the MODY3 mutation and the PSMD9 IVS3 + nt460A/IVS3 + nt437T/G197 SNPs act in an additional model to cause diabetes. Since in the two MODY3 Italian families the PSMD9 A/T/G haplotype is linked to MODY3, it contributes to MODY3/diabetes via an additional model. All MODY3 families should be tested for the PSMD9 A/T/G haplotype. The potential clinical impact of our study is of relevance. J. Cell. Physiol. 223: 1–5, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Batch biodegradation of hydrocarbon vapors using a modified polymeric support
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Acosta Olga B , Escobar‐Barrios Vladimir A , Arriaga Sonia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: One of the major problems facing biofilter operation is the long start‐up periods, which is related to microbial adhesion in packing materials among other factors. In order to deal with this limitation, modifying a hydrophobic polymer with an additive containing hydroxyl groups was proposed to improve the water retention capacity of the material in the biodegradation of a mixture of hydrocarbon vapors in batch tests.RESULTS: The synthesized material with 40% by weight of hydroxyl‐containing additive had a water retention capacity of 34%. The presence of hydroxyl groups was confirmed by absorbance at 1100 cm−1 wave number using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Complete biodegradation of methyl ethyl ketone and toluene vapors were achieved on the sixth day whereas hexane vapors were degraded on the 14th day. The time required for the complete biodegradation of hydrocarbons with the modified polymer was at least 30% lower than that obtained with the non‐modified polymer.CONCLUSIONS: The additive, a hydrocarbon containing hydroxyl groups, was able to modify the polymer's hydrophilic character. In addition, the additive improved the microbial growth and the attachment of microorganisms to the material; thus, it enhanced the biodegradation rates of hydrocarbon vapors. This makes the composite suitable for application as a packing material for biofilters. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Silicone oil: An effective absorbent for the removal of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds
Authors: Darracq Guillaume , Couvert Annabelle , Couriol Catherine , Amrane Abdeltif , Thomas Diane , Dumont Eric , Andres Yves , Le Cloirec Pierre 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as toluene, dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), are poorly soluble in water and classical air treatment processes like chemical scrubbers are not efficient. An alternative technique involving an absorption step in an organic solvent followed by a biodegradation phase was proposed. The solvent must fulfil several characteristics, which are key factors of process efficiency, and a previous study allowed polydimethylsiloxane (or PDMS, i.e. silicone oil) to be selected for this purpose. The aim of this paper was to determine some of its characteristics like absorption capacity and velocity performances (Henry's constant, diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient), and to verify its non‐biodegradability.RESULTS: For the three targeted VOCs, Henry's constants in silicone oil were very low compared to those in water, and solubility was infinite. Diffusivity values were found to be in the range 10−10 to 10−11 m2 s−1 and mass transfer coefficients did not show significant differences between the values in pure water and pure silicone oil, in the range 1.0 × 10−3 to 4.0 × 10−3 s−1 for all the VOCs considered. Silicone oil was also found to be non‐biodegradable, since its biological oxygen demand (BOD5) value was zero.CONCLUSION: Absorption performances of silicone oil towards toluene, DMS and DMDS were determined and showed that this solvent could be used during the first step of the process. Moreover, its low biodegradability and its absence of toxicity justify its use as an absorbent phase for the integrated process being considered. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry