bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygonati Rhizoma Alleviates Vascular Dementia through Regulating Microglial Polarization Transitions Mediated by NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway
Authors: Yuan Yin , Li Meng , Zhou Tian , Chen Xi , Li Yihang 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Polygonati rhizoma (PR) has been used for thousands of years to alleviate
dementia. Here, we aimed to elucidate the effect of alleviating vascular dementia (VaD) and
underlying mechanism of PR.

Methods:
In vivo, rats were treated with two-vessel occlusion (2VO) induces VaD. The anti-VaD
effect measured by learning and memory capacity, cerebral pathological structure, and cerebral
microglial M1/M2 phenotype biomarkers. Subsequently, screening potential mechanisms of PR
for VaD using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. Moreover, the efficacy
of PR-contained serum on LPS-induced inflammation and polarization on BV2 microglia was
evaluated with NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Results:
In vivo, PR significantly enhanced learning and memory capacity, suppressed M1 microglia
activation and promoted M2 polarization. Through network pharmacology and molecular
docking approaches, we screened inflammation as a potential mechanism for PR anti-VaD, with
targets involving NF-κB. Meanwhile, PR could regulate the expression of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway
compared with that of LPS-induced BV2 cells. Furthermore, by utilizing PDTC, an NF-κB
antagonist, it was found that the effect of PR was similar to that of PDTC.

Conclusion:
PR could hamper inflammation and microglial polarization in 2VO-induced VaD
and LPS-induced BV2 cells. Our results showed that PR was a promising Chinese herb to alleviate
VaD, and the potential mechanism might be related to NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Informatics Approach Towards Targeting HTR1B Pathways in Neuropharmacology for Migraine Treatment
Authors: Ahmad Saleem , Wang Li , Zafar Imran , Abbas Zain , Unar Ahsanullah , Mohany Mohamed , Al-Rejaie Salim S. , Ullah Khan Najeeb , Ali Ijaz , Shafiq Muhammad 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Migraine is a prevalent and debilitating neurological disorder, with current
therapies often being ineffective and causing side effects. Recent studies in neuropharmacology present
the serotonin 1B receptor (HTR1B) as a viable avenue of migraine treatment since it influences
pain and vasoconstriction.

Methods:
This research broadly uses computational approaches to explain the 5-hydroxytryptamine
receptor 1B (HTR1B) pathways in neuropharmacology for migraine treatment. Text mining results
reveal 25 essential genes, and network pharmacology provides complex mechanisms among genes
and proteins, revealing a sophisticated network consisting of 41 nodes and 361 edges. The protein
structure and function were elucidated through high-resolution protein modeling and validation,
yielding significant new information. The structure has a resolution of 2.05 Å and a C-score of 0.30.
The virtual screening explored the best ligands, which had binding affinities ranging from -13.8 to -9.6
kcal/mol from a set of 25 molecules. Docking results indicated that FDA-approved ligands showed high
binding affinities, ranging from -11.4 to -12.5 kcal/mol among other natural and synthetic libraries. The
pharmacokinetic profiles of the potential drugs showed significant diversity in their solubility and
lipophilicity qualities (F(2,6) = 15.13, p = 0.004), suggesting different levels of safety and efficacy.
MD simulation clarified the dynamic interactions between the protein and ligand at 100ns.

Results:
The RMSD values were stable within the 6.0-7.5 Å range, indicating a consistent structure.
RMSF values revealed areas of flexibility in the protein. The toxicity risk assessment of Xaliproden
indicated modest risks.

Conclusion:
This study provides a foundation for targeted HTR1B-based migraine therapies and
highlights the value of informatics tools in accelerating drug discovery in neuropharmacology.
Vitamin C Protects from Impairment of Memory Induced by E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposure
Authors: Alzoubi Karem H. , Khabour Omar F. , Al-Sawalha Nour , Al Momany Enaam M. , Jarab Anan , Haddad Razan , Alrabadi Nasr , Alqudah Mohammad A. Y. , Al-zoubi Toka K. , Eissenberg Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
E-cigarettes (EC) have been shown to impair memory by disrupting the
balance involving ROS and antioxidant enzymes, leading to oxidative stress. Vitamin C (VitC) is a
strong antioxidant with cell protective efficacy and scavenges free radicals.

Method:
The present study evaluated VitC for potential protective effects against EC-induced
memory impairment in rat models. The animals were exposed to EC for 2 hr/day, with a one-hour
break in between, for five days per week over four weeks. Simultaneously, animals were administered
Vitamin C at 100 mg/kilogram/bw/day via oral gavage five days/week/for four weeks. After
the treatment and exposure period concluded, spatial learning and memory were evaluated using the
Radial Arms Water Maze. Furthermore, the oxidative stress biomarkers levels (GSSG, GSH, GSH/
GSSG, TBARS, Catalase, and GPx) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured
in the hippocampus tissues. The findings indicated that EC had a detrimental effect on the short-term
and long-term memory of the animals (p < 0.05). Additionally, EC decreased the levels of GPx,
SOD, GSH, the GSH/GSSG ratio, and BDNF (p < 0.05).

Results:
Furthermore, the GSSG level was significantly elevated (p < 0.05) by EC. However, Vitamin
C prevented impairment of memory and restored levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress and BDNF.

Conclusion:
To summarize, exposure to EC resulted in impairments of memory, both short-term and
long-term. However, the administration of Vitamin C prevented these negative effects by its antioxidant
properties.
Sirt1/Drp1 Pathway Reduces Microvascular Endothelial Cell Injury in Diabetic Pateints’ Hearts by Inhibiting Excessive Mitochondrial Division
Authors: Huang Shimeng , Gao Yuanbo , Wang Ying , Zhao Siyu , Lu Bing , Tao Aibin 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Cardiac microvessels are significantly reduced in diabetic patients, which is
accompanied by a significant increase in the incidence of diabetic cardiac complications and increased
mortality. This study aimed to investigate the role and possible mechanism of sirtuin 1
(Sirt1) in microvascular endothelial cell injury in diabetic hearts.

Methods:
Type 2 diabetes mouse models and cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) cell
models were established. Cardiac microvessel density (MVD) was detected using Platelet-
Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CD31) immunohistochemistry. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen
species (ROS) was detected with MitoSOX and morphology was observed with mitochondrial
staining. CMECs angiogenesis was evaluated via scratch and angiogenesis assays. We measured cell
viability with a Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assay and cell injury with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
release assay. We assessed apoptosis using TUNEL staining, Caspase-3 activity, and Western blot.

Results:
The decrease in Sirt1 protein expression was accompanied by a decrease in cardiac microvessel
density in type 2 diabetic mice. After 48 h of treating the CMECs with high-glucose and
palmitic acid, it was discovered that the expression of Sirt1 and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)
Ser637 phosphorylated protein decreased, while the expression of Cleaved Caspase-3 protein increased.
Also, the angiogenesis ability of endothelial cells was decreased, while mitochondrial ROS
and mitochondrial division were increased, which culminated in aggravated endothelial cell injury
and increased endothelial cell apoptosis. Increased Sirt1 protein expression and function at the gene
and drug levels alleviated excessive mitochondrial division, reduced apoptosis, and improved the
function of CMECs by increasing the phosphorylation of Drp1 Ser637.

Conclusion:
Under diabetic conditions, the Sirt1/Drp1 pathway reduces injury to CMECs by inhibiting
excessive mitochondrial division.
Relative Fat Mass Associated with Hyperuricemia in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gu Tian , Wang Zhaoxiang , Yang Qichao , Xu Mengjiao , Shao Xuejing , Xue Bingshuang 
Published: February 2025

Aims:
There is a close relationship between obesity and hyperuricemia. Relative Fat
Mass (RFM) is considered a new indicator for evaluating obesity. We aim to explore the relationship
between RFM and the risk of hyperuricemia in adults.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included adult participants from the 2007-2018 National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The RFM was calculated as: RFM =64 -
(20 × height/waist circumference) + (12 × sex), where sex is defined as 0 for men and 1 for women.
Hyperuricemia was confirmed by using serum uric acid (SUA) levels ≥ 7 mg/dL in men and ≥
6 mg/dL in women. The relationship between RFM and the risk of hyperuricemia was thoroughly
investigated.

Results:
A total of 29369 participants were enrolled in this study. The RFM levels in the hyperuricemia
group were higher than those in the non-hyperuricemia group (P < 0.01). Logistic and linear
regression indicated that RFM levels were positively associated with the risk of hyperuricemia
(OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05-1.11, P < 0.001) and SUA levels (β=0.04, 95% CI: 0.03-0.05, P <
0.001). The relationship remained consistent across subgroups. Smooth curve fitting showed a nonlinear
relationship, with an inflection point at 34.22. Above this threshold, the link between RFM
levels and hyperuricemia was found to be more remarkable.

Conclusion:
Higher RFM is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia. RFM could act as
a cost-efficient and straightforward measure for hyperuricemia risk assessment.
toponimia glífica nahua y sus reminiscencias gráficas en los mapas nativos e indoespañoles del Acolhuacan meridional, ca. 1579-1613
Authors: Martínez González Daniel 
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo tiene como propósito general dar cuenta de la vitalidad de la tradición cartográfica nativa y las formas de toponimia glífica en uno de los mapas códice procedentes de la región de Tezcoco, al noreste de la Ciudad de México. Asimismo, busca hacer notar el proceso mediante el cual ciertos topónimos glíficos en algunos otros mapas de tierras (también de la región) dejaron de pintarse y escribirse a la manera tradicional y comenzaron una suerte de fosilización gráfica a través de los últimos años del siglo xvi y las primeras décadas del xvii. La evidencia visual contenida en las creaciones cartográficas aquí apenas mencionadas sugiere que, aunque las formas nativas de nombrar los lugares —incluyendo mapas, planos indígenas, pintores, cuerpos de conocimiento y saberes teórico-prácticos—seguían vigentes incluso en fechas tardías respecto al siglo del contacto europeo-mesoamericano, en un lapso breve de tiempo los topónimos glíficos en los mapas de tierras dejaron de pintarse como signos de un sistema de escritura de tipo logosilábico. Se plantea que este fenómeno de fosilización de algunas de las formas gráficas de la toponimia tradicional se corresponde con la desaparición de los últimos cartógrafos entrenados en la mapística nativa y el advenimiento de una nueva cartografía plenamente novohispana.
Ailanthone inhibits bladder cancer tumor and cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Jian , Lv You , Xue Sheng , Li Wenyong , Zhang Xiaole 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Ailanthone (AIL), a medicinal component with antitumor properties, was distilled from Ailanthus altissima. The aim of this work was to probe the cancer-fighting effect of AIL on bladder cancer (BC) cells and the molecular basis of this effect.

Material and Methods:
We developed a subcutaneous BC mouse model and then administered AIL treatment. The effects of AIL on tumor tissue integrity and apoptosis were analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining methods. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of AIL on the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway and associated proteins through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Various concentrations of AIL were applied to BC cells, and its effects on cell survival, motility, and apoptosis were detected through cell counting kit-8 assay, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry. In addition, we examined the influence of AIL on apoptosis-related proteins and epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in BC cells through Western blot analysis.

Results:
AIL significantly suppressed the growth and migration of 5637 and T24 cells while promoting apoptosis (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001). In addition, AIL increased the levels of cell death-associated proteins (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001) and reversed EMT in BC cells. In vivo, AIL treatment reduced tumor growth and lowered the transcriptional levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-23, which are activation factors in the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. It also decreased the phosphorylation levels of JAK1, JAK2, and STAT3 in tumor tissues (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
AIL exhibits multiple anticancer effects, such as BC cell growth suppression, apoptosis enhancement, reversion of EMT reversion, tumor growth, and JAK/STAT3 pathway activation suppression.
ПРОТЕКЦИОНИЗМ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ОПЫТ ТРАДИЦИОННЫХ ОБЩЕСТВ СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА
Authors: ДЕМЕЛХАНОВ С.М. , ЕФИМОЧКИНА Н.Б. , СУЛУМОВ С.Х. 
Published: February 2025

В настоящей работе рассматривается генезис протекционизма и формы его проявления как инструмента регулирования межэтнических отношений в традиционных обществах Северного Кавказа. Согласно распространенному и широко известному определению протекционизм позиционируется как внешнеторговая политика государства, направленная на ограничение ввоза импортных и поддержку производства аналогичных внутренних товаров и услуг. В данном случае термину протекционизм авторы возвращают его изначальный смысл и используют его в первоначальном значении: лат. protectio – «защита, покровительство». Показано, что исторически протекционизм у народов Кавказа зародился и развивался в уникальных традициях гостеприимства и связанных с ним обычаях куначества. Авторами определено, что известные в северокавказской (и шире – кавказской) этнографии традиции и обычаи гостеприимства и куначества выступали универсальными институтами межэтнической толерантности и содружества во всех их проявлениях.
This paper examines the genesis of protectionism and its forms of manifestation as a tool for regulating interethnic relations in traditional societies of the North Caucasus. According to the widespread and widely known definition, protectionism is positioned as a state foreign trade policy aimed at restricting the import of imported goods and services and supporting the production of similar domestic goods and services. In this case, the authors return the original meaning of the term protectionism and use it in its original meaning: lat. protectio – "protection, patronage". It is shown that historically protectionism among the peoples of the Caucasus arose and developed in the unique traditions of hospitality and the related customs of "kunachestvo". The authors determined that the traditions and customs of hospitality and kunachestvo known in North Caucasian (and more broadly – Caucasian) ethnography acted as universal institutions of interethnic tolerance and cooperation in all their manifestations.
ПОСЕЛЕНИЕ КУРЧАЛОЙ: ВОПРОСЫ ИСТОРИИ И ДЕМОГРАФИИ ЧЕЧНИ (ВТОРАЯ ПОЛОВИНА XIX – НАЧАЛО XX в.)
Authors: УСАЕВ А.А. , ТАГАЕВ С.Х. 
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматриваются вопросы истории основания и становления села Курчалой Веденского (Грозненского) округа Чечни. Дана частичная информация о численности населения Чечни, демографических процессах в контексте негативного влияния на них событий, происшедших в период 1859–1914 гг. Показаны переписные и статистические данные по чеченскому народонаселению, с указанием причин и предпосылок, мотивировавших царскую власть к учету горцев. Использованы сведения различных источников второй половины XIX – начала ХХ в., обобщены и установлены наиболее реальные цифры по демографической ситуации в Чечне. Проведен анализ по динамике численности и демографии населения с. Курчалой, для чего были исследованы соответствующие данные от 1859, 1867, 1874, 1883, 1889–1890, 1897, 1904 и 1914 гг.
The article examines the issues of the history of the founding and formation of the village of Kurchala in the Vedensky (Grozny) district of Chechnya. Partial information is given on the population of Chechnya, demographic processes in the context of the negative impact on them of the events that occurred in the period 1859–1914. The census and statistical data on the Chechen population are shown, indicating the reasons and prerequisites that motivated the tsarist government to account for the highlanders. Information from various sources of the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries was used, the most realistic figures on the demographic situations of Chechnya were summarized and established. The analysis of the dynamics of the number and demography of the population of the village of Kurchala was carried out, for which the relevant data from 1859, 1867, 1874, 1883, 1889–1890, 1897, 1904 and 1914.
Financial Reporting Quality of Audiovisual Services Companies in Albania during the Digitalization Process
Authors: Axhami Mirdaim , Axhami Loreta 
Published: February 2025

The digitalization process brought a series of challenges for Albanian audiovisual services companies, one of them is the financial reporting quality. Financial statements, apart from being key to the market evaluation of a company, serve to communicate with the interested public, hence their quality takes on a first-hand importance in an environment that is competitive and simultaneously rapidly changing. This study focuses on the challenges related to the existing financial reporting methodology of Albanian audiovisual companies in the conditions of the transformation of the television industry. The research questions intended to be answered are: Has the financial reporting methodology of audiovisual companies changed as a result of digital transformation? Are there unreported items in the financial statements, and if so, which are they? How does the exclusion of specific items affect the analysis of the financial performance of companies? How is financial reporting conducted through company websites? In order to conduct the study, we relied on the analysis of the financial statements content of five private national audiovisual entities and the public operator (RTSH/Albanian Radio Television) for a period of 6 years (2017-2022); qualitative empirical data obtained from in-depth interviews with accounting experts, legal auditors as well as on previous studies. The study findings show that the existing financial reporting methodology of audiovisual companies does not meet the needs and expectations established by transformations in the television industry enhanced by technological developments.
REPRESENTASI PEREMPUAN DALAM SYAIR ARDAN: KAJIAN FEMINISME
Authors: Resmanti Maiyang , Wirajaya Asep Yudha 
Published: February 2025

This paper is the result of a study that reviews Syair Ardan which is studied with feminism theory. Syair Ardan tells the phenomenon of women living in patriarchal culture and their opposition both directly and indirectly. The types of research used are descriptive qualitative research, data collection techniques with library, read, and take note techniques. The data are validated by theoretical triangulation. Data analysis techniques are in the form of data classification, data reduction, and data analysis. This paper contains the explanation of the representation of women who are able to develop their abilities and take part in the public sphere. Zuhrah was the daughter of the King who could become a woman who was good at self defence and using weapons. She was also able to become a wise king, set the right policies or regulations, and be respected by the ministers and their people in the midst patriarchal culture. However, Zuhrah was not shown as a female king, but a female king disguised as a male. It seems that the co-author chose to side with the acceptance of the text which still adhered to the patriarchal culture.Tulisan ini merupakan hasil kajian yang mengulas Syair Ardan yang dikaji dengan teori feminisme. Syair Ardan mengisahkan fenomena perempuan yang hidup di kebudayaan patriarkat dan upayanya menyamaratakan peran gender baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data dengan teknik pustaka, simak, dan catat. Data diabsahkan dengan triangulasi teoretis. Teknik analisis data berupa klasifikasi data, reduksi data, dan analisis data. Tulisan ini berisi penjelasan mengenai representasi perempuan yang mampu mengembangkan kemampuan dirinya dan berperan di wilayah publik. Zuhrah adalah putri Raja yang mampu menjadi perempuan pandai bela diri, pandai menggunakan senjata, menjadi raja yang bijaksana, dapat menetapkan kebijakan atau regulasi yang tepat, dan disegani menteri serta rakyatnya di tengah kebudayaan patriarkat. Namun, Zuhrah tidak ditampakkan sebagai raja perempuan, tetapi raja perempuan yang menyamar sebagai laki-laki. Agaknya penyalin memilih berpihak pada keberterimaan teks yang masih berpegang teguh pada kebudayaan patriarkat.
Stilistika dalam Dwilogi Novel Rahvayana Karya Sujiwo Tejo dan Pemanfaatannya
sebagai Alternatif Materi Pembelajaran Apresiasi Sastra di SMA
Authors: Setiawan Ilham Adi 
Published: February 2025

This research describes the style of Sujiwo Tejo in the Dwilogy of the novel
Rahvayana. The stile phenomenon used by Sujiwo Tejo in the Dwilogy of the
novel Rahayana creates special effects and becomes an attraction for further study. The
Sujiwo Tejo style was studied using a genetic stylistic approach. In addition,
stylistics has a specialty used to reveal the author's ideology from the language he
conducts. The purpose of this research studies the elements of action, such as the
figure of the speech and imagery; the content or ideology of the author, such as
biography, socio-historical author, and the sociocultural conditions of the community
when it had written; the use of research results as an alternative learning material for
appreciation literature in high school. This descriptive research uses a design of the
genetic stylistic approach. The data in this study are the quotes from the Rahvayana
Dwilogy, various references related to the ideology of Sujiwo Tejo, and the syllabus of
the seventh class of the high school. The data analysis technique used is the genetic
stylistic analysis technique. The result indicates (1) the dictions are dominantly
vulgar and the absorption words as a means to convey various expressions; (2) the figure
of speech used by Sujiwo Tejo in the Dwilogy in the novel Rahvayana dominantly uses
comparison and contrast, (3) the figure of speech used by Sujiwo Tejo to create an
aesthetic effect; (4) the imagery used by Sujiwo Tejo in the Dwilogy of the
novel Rahvayana is dominant with intellectual imagery; (5) The ideology of Sujiwo Tejo
in the Dwilogy of the novel Rahvayana which viewed from the biographical,
socio-historical, and sociocultural conditions of the community reflects the ideology of
siding with the character Ravana. Keywords: style, genetic stylistics, Dwilogy
of Rahvayana novel, ideology