bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial and Salivary Biomarkers Predict the Gingival Inflammatory Profile
Authors: Lee Angie , Ghaname Carrie B. , Braun Thomas M. , Sugai James V. , Teles Ricardo P. , Loesche Walter J. , Kornman Kenneth S. , Giannobile William V. , Kinney Janet S. 
Published: May 2011

Background: The aim of this human investigation is to explore the relationship of gingivitis with salivary biomarkers, periodontal pathogens, and interleukin (IL)‐1 polymorphism after a transient inflammatory burden.Methods: Thirty healthy human participants were randomized by IL‐1 genotype status to control for potential influences of this particular single nucleotide polymorphism on the inflammatory profile. Oral hygiene practices ceased for 21 days to induce gingivitis (induction), after which home care was reinstated until 35 days (resolution). Clinical parameters included plaque (PI) and gingival (GI) indices and papillary bleeding score (PBS). Levels and proportions of 40 subgingival bacteria were determined using checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. Saliva was analyzed using a multiplex protein array for 30 biomarkers associated with host defense, inflammation, tissue destruction, and angiogenesis.Results: Mean PI, GI, and PBS values were significantly increased during induction and decreased during resolution as measured at 35 days (P <0.01), although no differences were observed between IL‐1 groups. Participants were stratified as either “high” or “low” responders based on inflammatory response (high: GI >1.5; low: GI ≤1.5). Baseline levels of salivary IL‐6 and IL‐8 demonstrated the highest ability to discriminate between high and low responders (area under the curve [AUC] of 0.81 and 0.72, respectively). Salivary biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and bacterial biofilm were combined to generate receiver operating characteristic curves. High levels of IL‐6 and MMP‐1 at baseline demonstrated the strongest ability to predict high responders (AUC of 0.89; odds ratio of 17.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 171.7).Conclusion: In this proof‐of‐concept investigation, we identified specific biomarker and microbial signatures that are associated with gingival inflammation (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00980525).
Improvement of Cardiac Functions by Chronic Metformin Treatment Is Associated With Enhanced Cardiac Autophagy in Diabetic OVE26 Mice
Authors: Xie Zhonglin , Lau Kai , Eby Bonnie , Lozano Pedro , He Chaoyong , Pennington Becky , Li Hongliang , Rathi Shradha , Dong Yunzhou , Tian Rong , Kem David , Zou Ming-Hui 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
Autophagy is a critical cellular system for removal of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. Although dysregulated autophagy is implicated in the development of heart failure, the role of autophagy in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy has not been studied. We investigated whether chronic activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by metformin restores cardiac function and cardiomyocyte autophagy in OVE26 diabetic mice.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
OVE26 mice and cardiac-specific AMPK dominant negative transgenic (DN)-AMPK diabetic mice were treated with metformin or vehicle for 4 months, and cardiac autophagy, cardiac functions, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were monitored.

RESULTS
Compared with control mice, diabetic OVE26 mice exhibited a significant reduction of AMPK activity in parallel with reduced cardiomyocyte autophagy and cardiac dysfunction in vivo and in isolated hearts. Furthermore, diabetic OVE26 mouse hearts exhibited aggregation of chaotically distributed mitochondria between poorly organized myofibrils and increased polyubiquitinated protein and apoptosis. Inhibition of AMPK by overexpression of a cardiac-specific DN-AMPK gene reduced cardiomyocyte autophagy, exacerbated cardiac dysfunctions, and increased mortality in diabetic mice. Finally, chronic metformin therapy significantly enhanced autophagic activity and preserved cardiac functions in diabetic OVE26 mice but not in DN-AMPK diabetic mice.

CONCLUSIONS
Decreased AMPK activity and subsequent reduction in cardiac autophagy are important events in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Chronic AMPK activation by metformin prevents cardiomyopathy by upregulating autophagy activity in diabetic OVE26 mice. Thus, stimulation of AMPK may represent a novel approach to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Minority Status and Diabetes Screening in an Ambulatory Population
Authors: Sheehy Ann , Pandhi Nancy , Coursin Douglas B. , Flood Grace E. , Kraft Sally A. , Johnson Heather M. , Smith Maureen A. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
Ethnicity has been identified as a risk factor not only for having type 2 diabetes but for increased morbidity and mortality with the disease. Current American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines advocate screening high-risk minorities for diabetes. This study investigates the effect of minority status on diabetes screening practices in an ambulatory, insured population presenting for yearly health care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This is a retrospective population–based study of patients in a large, Midwestern, academic group practice. Included patients were insured, had ≥1 primary care visit yearly from 2003 to 2007, and did not have diabetes but met ADA criteria for screening. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and predicted probabilities were calculated to determine the relationship between screening with fasting glucose, glucose tolerance test, or hemoglobin A1c and patient and visit characteristics.

RESULTS
Of the 15,557 eligible patients, 607 (4%) were of high-risk ethnicity, 61% were female, and 86% were ≥45 years of age. Of the eight high-risk factors studied, after adjustment, ethnicity was the only factor not associated with higher diabetes screening (OR = 0.90 [95% CI 0.76–1.08]) despite more primary care visits in this group. In overweight patients &lt;45 years, where screening eligibility is based on having an additional risk factor, high-risk ethnicity (OR 1.01 [0.70–1.44]) was not associated with increased screening frequency.

CONCLUSIONS
In an insured population presenting for routine care, high-risk minority status did not independently lead to diabetes screening as recommended by ADA guidelines. Factors other than insurance or access to care appear to affect minority-preventive care.
The Feasibility of Detecting Neuropsychologic and Neuroanatomic Effects of Type 1 Diabetes in Young Children
Authors: Aye Tandy , Reiss Allan L. , Kesler Shelli , Hoang Sherry , Drobny Jessica , Park Yaena , Schleifer Kristin , Baumgartner Heidi , Wilson Darrell M. , Buckingham Bruce A. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To determine if frequent exposures to hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia during early childhood lead to neurocognitive deficits and changes in brain anatomy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this feasibility, cross-sectional study, young children, aged 3 to 10 years, with type 1 diabetes and age- and sex-matched healthy control (HC) subjects completed neuropsychologic (NP) testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain.

RESULTS
NP testing and MRI scanning was successfully completed in 98% of the type 1 diabetic and 93% of the HC children. A significant negative relationship between HbA1c and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) verbal comprehension was observed. WISC index scores were significantly reduced in type 1 diabetic subjects who had experienced seizures. White matter volume did not show the expected increase with age in children with type 1 diabetes compared with HC children (diagnosis by age interaction, P = 0.005). A similar trend was detected for hippocampal volume. Children with type 1 diabetes who had experienced seizures showed significantly reduced gray matter and white matter volumes relative to children with type 1 diabetes who had not experienced seizures.

CONCLUSIONS
It is feasible to perform MRI and NP testing in young children with type 1 diabetes. Further, early signs of neuroanatomic variation may be present in this population. Larger cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of neurocognitive function and neuroanatomy are needed to define the effect of type 1 diabetes on the developing brain.
Diabetes Comorbidity and Age Influence Rehabilitation Outcomes After Hip Fracture
Authors: Reistetter Timothy A. , Graham James E. , Deutsch Anne , Markello Samuel J. , Granger Carl V. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine the influence of diabetes on length of stay (LOS), functional status, and discharge setting in individuals with hip fracture.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This work included secondary analyses of 79,526 individuals from 915 rehabilitation facilities in the U.S. Patients were classified into three groups using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services comorbidity structure: individuals without diabetes (77.0%), individuals with non-tier diabetes (18.3%), and individuals with tier diabetes (4.7%).

RESULTS
Mean age was 79.4 years (SD 9.6), and mean LOS was 13.3 days (SD 5.3). Tier diabetes was associated with longer LOS, lower functional status ratings, and reduced odds of discharge home when compared with individuals with no diabetes and non-tier diabetes. Statistically significant interactions (P &lt; 0.05) were found between age and diabetes classification for LOS, functional status, and discharge setting.

CONCLUSIONS
The impact of diabetes on recovery after hip fracture is moderated by age.
Adopting 3-Year Screening Intervals for Sight-Threatening Retinal Vascular Lesions in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Without Retinopathy
Authors: Agardh Elisabet , Tababat-Khani Poya 
Published: May 2011

OBJECTIVE
To report the incidence of sight-threatening vascular lesions in type 2 diabetic subjects without retinopathy after adopting a 3-year interval screening program.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In all, 1,691 type 2 diabetic subjects with no detectable retinopathy in two 50° red-free fundus photographs were scheduled for follow-up with photography 3 years later. Age at diabetes diagnosis was 60 ± 12 years, and known duration of diabetes was 6 ± 6 years. Treatment consisted of diet only (26%), oral agents (54%), and oral agents and/or insulin (20%). Glycated hemoglobin A1c was 6.4 ± 1.5%.

RESULTS
Of the 1,322 subjects available for follow-up, 73% were still without retinopathy after 3 years, and 28% had developed mild or moderate retinopathy, but none developed severe nonproliferative or proliferative retinopathy. Macular edema requiring laser coagulation occurred in only one eye.

CONCLUSIONS
Three-year retinal screening intervals can be recommended in subjects with mild type 2 diabetes and no retinopathy.
Народная и книжная традиция почитания св. Георгия на Руси : oпыт историко-этнографического анализа
Authors: Stangé-Zhirovova Nadia 
Published: May 2011

Le culte de saint Georges en Russie : tradition populaire et tradition livresque

Essai d'analyse historique et ethnographique

L'article est consacré à l'analyse du culte de l'un des saints les plus populaires en Russie : saint Georges le Nicéphore. Ce culte se réparti en deux branches : la tradition propagée par l'Église orthodoxe et la tradition populaire comportant un substrat païen considérable. Une sphère intermédiaire réunit des éléments des deux traditions.
L'exemple du culte de saint Georges nous permet d'approcher le problème de la culture populaire opposée à la culture d'élite. Nous constatons que la tradition ecclésiastique représente la partie la moins dynamique de la structure du culte. En revanche, la vénération populaire, soumise aux règles de la conscience archaïque que Cl. Lévi-Strauss déterminait comme « bricolage », subit des changements et produit des formes très diverses que nous étudions dans l'article.
Par ailleurs, la figure de saint Georges occupe une place importante dans la littérature russe du XXe siècle, entre autres, chez des auteurs comme A. Remizov, V. Ivanov, Boris Piľnjak, I. Šmelev, B. Pasternak. C'est l'image populaire du saint qu'emprunte la littérature, ainsi les traditions orale et livresque se rejoignent.
Le tiret aux confins de la grammaire : éléments pour une histoire du tiret en russe
Authors: Breuillard Jean 
Published: May 2011

На референции грамматики : к истории знака тире в русской пунктации

Пунктуационный знак тире, отсутствующий в русских грамматиках вплоть до его первой фиксации в 1788 году в грамматике Барсова, появляется в русских текстах с конца 60-х годов XVIII века вначале в немецких и английских переводах, затем, начиная с 1780 г., и в русскоязычной литературе.
Его первичная функция состояла в выделении лиц, которые являются авторами прямой речи (см., например, у Новикова), затем данный знак получил дальнейшее функциональное развитие. К концу того же столетня отмечается сосуществование трех пунктуационных знаков со сходной функциональной нагрузкой: многоточие
(...), три черточки ( ) и собственно тире ( — ). В тех текстах, в которых присутствует
многоточие, знак ( ) обеспечивает текстуально связывающую функцию. Его
регулярная замена знаком тире принадлежит руке сентименталистов. Отсюда следует объяснение различий в употреблении знака тире во французском и русском языках. Всякий раз постановка тире знаменует дальнейшее усиление речи. С помощью данного знака эстетика классической риторики, в основу которой положен период, подменяется эстетикой речи и лица. И не случайно, что с точки зрения эстетики и философии тире, как показатель лица и авторского «голоса», популяризировался именно школой сентименталистов.
Réflexions lexicologiques à propos des mots russes pour la figue
Authors: Cooper Brian 
Published: May 2011

Lexicological reflections about the words applied to figs in russian

After a brief examination of the provenance and spread of the fig-tree, the four groups of words applied to figs in Russian (figa, smokva, inžir and vinnaja jagoda) are studied in relation to their Slavonic and Indo-European cognates, uses and probable derivation.
The Indo-European background to the figa word-group is fïrst investigated, with information on secondary senses (including indecent ones) of possible relevance to Russian that were acquired by Indo-European words of this group. The Russian derivatives are then examined, especially with reference to their origin and development, including secondary meanings and euphemistic uses.
In discussing the smokva group, particular attention is paid to whether the root word is a loanword from Germanie or a native root that has left traces in Gothic. The conclusion reached is that it is more likely to be of native origin than borrowed.
Semantic confusion between fruit names in their application to figs is studied with particular reference to the application of vinnaja jagoda to figs rather than the expected grapes. Possible explanations are offered.
The derivation of inžir from Turkic and ultimately Iranian languages is examined, and the general conclusion is drawn that, of the three main Russian words for fig-tree and fig (figa, inžir and smokva), two at least are borrowed, as might be expected, while smokva is more probably from a native root.
Об одной ранней советской утопии : Первомайский сон В. Кириллова
Authors: Niqueux Michel 
Published: May 2011

Une toute première utopie soviétique Rêve de premier mai de V. Kirillov

Transporté en rêve de l'époque du communisme de guerre dans le Moscou de 1999, le héros découvre sous la conduite d'une belle utopienne la capitale du « Soviet mondial des Républiques communistes ». Ce récit utopique de V. Kirillov (1890-1943), publié en 1921, est une projection des idéaux du poète du Proletkuľt (universalisme, culte de la beauté et de la technique « propre », architecture à la fois fonctionnelle et allégorique, etc.), peinte dans un style emphatique « élevé » qui ressortit plus à l'esthétique de Bal'mont qu'à celle du futurisme. La concordance des motifs et de la structure permet d'envisager l'utopie de Kirillov comme une réponse « prolétarienne » à l'utopie néo-populiste de I. Kremnev [A. Čajanov], Voyage de mon frère Alexis au pays de l'utopie paysanne (1920), dirigée contre les principes du communisme de guerre.
[Le texte original du récit est publié à la suite de l'article]
Дьявол у С. Клычкова и М. Булгакова
Authors: Niqueux Michel 
Published: May 2011

Le diable chez S. Klyčkov et M. Bulgakov

Le Prince du monde (Knjať mira) de S. Klyčkov (1889-1937) paraît en revue en 1927 et en livre en 1928, année où M. Bulgakov commence son « roman sur le diable », dont la cinquième rédaction (1937) est intitulée le Prince des ténèbres (Knjaz t'my).
Laissant de côté la question des rapports et des influences entre les deux écrivains, l'article s'attache à une comparaison du thème du diable dans le Prince du monde et le Maître et Marguerite afin d'en définir l'origine et la nature.
Le diable, dans les deux romans, n'intervient que dans la mesure où il trouve une faille en l'homme, tout comme dans Skazka de VI. Nabokov (1926) auquel le début de Maître et Marguerite ressemble étonnamment. La suite d'hypostases qui accompagne le diable, le motif de l'argent diabolique, permettent de rapprocher les œuvres de Klyčkov et Bulgakov, mais aussi d'établir que le diable de Klyčkov, d'essence métaphysique, est foncièrement mauvais et invincible (sauf dans le temps et l'espace utopiques), tandis que celui de Bulgakov, plus littéraire et existentiel, peut avoir un certain rôle positif.
Реальность и миф в маленькой поэме С. Есенина Кобыльи корабли
Authors: Mekšs Èduard 
Published: May 2011

Le réel et le mythe dans le poème de S. Esenin les Bateaux-Juments

Le petit poème les Bateaux-Juments (écrit en septembre 1919) marque une rupture dans l'œuvre de Esenin d'après la révolution d'Octobre. Le poème représente les événements réels comme une transformation antinaturelle du socium humain qui a conduit à la destruction du rêve utopique du poète — l'Inonija. En utilisant des images mythopoétiques, Esenin présente ce processus comme une déshumanisation générale de la société : l'essence animale se manifeste dans la conduite des hommes, tandis que l'animal sauvage s'hominise, tout en étant traqué et condamné à périr. La violation de l'équilibre écologique dans la Russie d'après la Révolution conduit selon le poète à une déformation générale de la culture éthique et morale. Devant la réalité, Esenin estime que l'attitude révolutionnaire agressive des hommes envers la mère Nature est au fond un acte de suicide, et que l'unique moyen de sauvegarder la vie réside dans le rétablissement du « cordon ombilical » (uzlovaja zavjaz') entre l'homme et son milieu naturel comme première étape de son ascension spirituelle.
Pour les œuvres de Esenin de 1919, l'esthétique de la « folie » qui nie le « monde vil » est devenue fondamentale. La destruction du réel dans les Bateaux-Juments montre la cruauté de l'époque révolutionnaire et le mensonge des slogans (« Avec des rames de mains coupées/ Vous voulez souquer vers le pays de l'avenir »). Le mythe permet cependant au poète de surmonter cette destruction du monde en direction d'un humanisme originel dont il affirme l'intangibilité.
Le traité de Kirik sur la chronologie : Novgorod, XIIe siècle
Authors: Kavyrchine Michel 
Published: May 2011

Kirik's treatise on chronology: Novgorod, XIIth Century

A Novgorodian monk, Kirik, composed in year 6644 (1136) a Treatise on calendar computations which gained him the title of 'First Russian mathematician'. An edition of the Treatise and French translations of this Treatise and of an associated short Chronology are given and discussed. Greek and Slavonic influences are present. Interesting mathematical contributions may be seen in the numerical notations and in the calculation of big numbers, on the basis of the date 6644. This date has a symbolic meaning, as Novgorod acquired in this year the right to choose its prince.
A chapter on successive divisions of the hour by five, creating very small units of time, raises many questions.
Kirik participated probably in the redaction of a Questionnary on everyday religious problems, thus assassing a wide interest in the life of his city.
La magie du mot et du son dans le rituel des pasteurs de la Russie du Nord, deuxième moitié du XIXe-début du XXe siècle
Authors: Finčenko Alexandre E. 
Published: May 2011

The magic of word and sound in the rites of the north russian shepherds
Second half of the XIXth century - beginning of the XXth century

The article deals with all of the magic acts that the shepherds or the cowherds make in order to protect the cattle.
1. The widespread ritual complex of the obxod, that consists in a circumambulation of the herd when it goes out for the first time in Spring, is particularly rich in Northern Russia. Each element of this ritual (accessories, magic acts, sounds of music instruments, incantations) corresponds to a specific productive task of the shepherd.
2. In the western zone of Northern Russia, a specific pastoral rite can be observed that is quite unique among the Oriental Slavs : it is the otpusk, a kind of incantation pronounced at the moment when the cattle go out to pasture. These specific texts have been recorded in manuscripts since the XVIIth century.

3. The magic-ritual fonction of the music instruments played by the cowherds is also analysed here. The ability of the animals to distinguish different tunes and to carry out the corresponding commands of the shepherd was considered as supernatural. Therefore the musical instrument and the sounds it gives out were considered to possess in themselves a supernatural magic force.

The data and conclusions of this study can be useful when studying the culture of ethnic communities that would have developed in the same ecological, historical and cultural conditions, namely the taiga zones.
Традиция Доната и грамматики славянских языков
Authors: Archaimbault-Pousin Sylvie 
Published: May 2011

La tradition de Donat et les grammaires des langues slaves

Les deux ouvrages de Donat [Aclius Donatus, IVe siècle], Ars minor et Ars major ont connu en Europe une postérité exceptionnelle. Ils ont même, au travers des multiples adaptations, contribué à façonner les traditions grammaticales des différentes langues vernaculaires.
Les ordres mendiants, qui faisaient porter leurs efforts prioritairement sur la pédagogie élémentaire, ont contribué à la grande diffusion du Donat (ainsi que de Priscien) dans les pays de la « Slavia romana ». De méthode d'enseignement du latin, le Donat, en se délatinisant, est devenu méthode d'enseignement de la langue vernaculaire. En témoignent les nombreux Donat bilingues (latin-tchèque, latin-polonais), voire trilingues, puis unilingues sans latin.
L'influence en sera beaucoup plus limitée en Slavia orthodoxa, car le cadre et les termes grammaticaux hérités de la grammaire grecque byzantine sont déjà relativement stabilisés, au moment où est adapté le Donatus slavon (1522). Il laissera cependant des traces non négligeables.
Après un tour d'horizon des différents manuscrits et éditions du Donat recensés dans le monde slave, nous nous intéresserons à l'influence donatienne sur le cadre et le métalangage grammatical de quelques langues slaves : nombre et ordre des parties du discours, création d'une terminologie autonome, par le recours aux emprunts opaques (adaptation pure et simple du terme latin) et aux calques (traduction de la signification étymologique du terme latin).