bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light pollution around Tonantzintla Observatory
Authors: Vázquez-Mata José A. , Hernández-Toledo Héctor M. , Martínez-Vázquez Luis A. , Pani-Cielo Atanacio 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBeing close to the cities of Puebla to east and Cholula to the north, both having potential for large growth, the National Astronomical Observatory in Tonantzintla (OAN-Tonantzintla) faces the danger of deteriorating its sky conditions even more. In order to maintain competitiveness for education and scientific programs, it is important to preserve the sky brightness conditions. through: 1) our awareness of the night sky characteristics in continuous monitoring campaigns, doing more measurements over the next years to monitor changes and 2) encouraging local authorities about the need to regulate public lighting at the same time, showing them the benefits of such initiatives when well planed and correctly implemented.
The universe is here
Authors: Antiche Garzón Erika L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAstronomy is a science devoted to the study of what existed, exists and will exist, from the most elemental particle to the most massive and powerful galaxy one observes. The study of the universe is not only meant to be to achieve an important understanding about it, but also in other fields of science and technology. The most important contribution from astronomy is perhaps social: it fascinates millions of people along the globe. The history of astronomy carries along the very history of humankind.
Cytosolic γ-Glutamyl Peptidases Process Glutathione Conjugates in the Biosynthesis of Glucosinolates and Camalexin in Arabidopsis
Authors: Geu-Flores Fernando , Møldrup Morten Emil , Böttcher Christoph , Olsen Carl Erik , Scheel Dierk , Halkier Barbara Ann 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The defense-related plant metabolites known as glucosinolates play important roles in agriculture, ecology, and human health. Despite an advanced biochemical understanding of the glucosinolate pathway, the source of the reduced sulfur atom in the core glucosinolate structure remains unknown. Recent evidence has pointed toward GSH, which would require further involvement of a GSH conjugate processing enzyme. In this article, we show that an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant impaired in the production of the γ-glutamyl peptidases GGP1 and GGP3 has altered glucosinolate levels and accumulates up to 10 related GSH conjugates. We also show that the double mutant is impaired in the production of camalexin and accumulates high amounts of the camalexin intermediate GS-IAN upon induction. In addition, we demonstrate that the cellular and subcellular localization of GGP1 and GGP3 matches that of known glucosinolate and camalexin enzymes. Finally, we show that the purified recombinant GGPs can metabolize at least nine of the 10 glucosinolate-related GSH conjugates as well as GS-IAN. Our results demonstrate that GSH is the sulfur donor in the biosynthesis of glucosinolates and establish an in vivo function for the only known cytosolic plant γ-glutamyl peptidases, namely, the processing of GSH conjugates in the glucosinolate and camalexin pathways.
Evaluation of the Visibility of Vessel Movement Features in Trajectory Visualizations
Authors: Willems Niels , van de Wetering Huub , van Wijk Jarke J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThere are many visualizations that show the trajectory of a moving object to obtain insights in its behavior. In this user study, we test the performance of three of these visualizations with respect to three movement features that occur in vessel behavior. Our goal is to compare the recently presented vessel density by Willems et al. [WvdWvW09] with well‐known trajectory visualizations such as an animation of moving dots and the space‐time cube. We test these visualizations with common maritime analysis tasks by investigating the ability of users to find stopping objects, fast moving objects, and estimate the busiest routes in vessel trajectories. We test the robustness of the visualizations towards scalability and the influence of complex trajectories using small‐scale synthetic data sets. The performance is measured in terms of correctness and response time. The user test shows that each visualization type excels for correctness for a specific movement feature. Vessel density performs best for finding stopping objects, but does not perform significantly less than the remaining visualizations for the other features. Therefore, vessel density is a nice extension in the toolkit for analyzing trajectories of moving objects, in particular for vessel movements, since stops can be visualized better, and the performance for comparing lanes and finding fast movers is at a similar level as established trajectory visualizations.
Perceptual Evaluation of Ghosted View Techniques for the Exploration of Vascular Structures and Embedded Flow
Authors: Baer Alexandra , Gasteiger Rocco , Cunningham Douglas , Preim Bernhard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper presents three controlled perceptual studies investigating the visualization of the cerebral aneurysm anatomy with embedded flow visualization. We evaluate and compare the common semitransparent visualization technique with a ghosted view and a ghosted view with depth enhancement technique. We analyze the techniques’ ability to facilitate and support the shape and spatial representation of the aneurysm models as well as evaluating the smart visibility characteristics. The techniques are evaluated with respect to the participants accuracy, response time and their personal preferences. We used as stimuli 3D aneurysm models of five clinical datasets. There was overwhelming preference for the two ghosted view techniques over the semitransparent technique. Since smart visibility techniques are rarely evaluated, this paper may serve as orientation for further studies.
Complete Tensor Field Topology on 2D Triangulated Manifolds embedded in 3D
Authors: Auer C. , Hotz I. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the extraction of the surface topology of tensor fields on 2D triangulated manifolds embedded in 3D. In scientific visualization topology is a meaningful instrument to get a hold on the structure of a given dataset. Due to the discontinuity of tensor fields on a piecewise planar domain, standard topology extraction methods result in an incomplete topological skeleton. In particular with regard to the high computational costs of the extraction this is not satisfactory. This paper provides a method for topology extraction of tensor fields that leads to complete results. The core idea is to include the locations of discontinuity into the topological analysis. For this purpose the model of continuous transition bridges is introduced, which allows to capture the entire topology on the discontinuous field. The proposed method is applied to piecewise linear three‐dimensional tensor fields defined on the vertices of the triangulation and for piecewise constant two or three‐dimensional tensor fields given per triangle, e.g. rate of strain tensors of piecewise linear flow fields.
The Undistort Lens
Authors: Brosz John , Carpendale Sheelagh , Nacenta Miguel A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDetail‐in‐context lens techniques can be useful for exploring visualizations of data spaces that are too large or have too much detail to fit in regular displays. For example, by bending the space in the right way we can bring together details from two separate areas for easy comparison while roughly keeping the context that situates each area within the global space. While these techniques can be powerful tools, they also introduce distortions that need to be understood, and often the tools have to be disabled in order to have access to the undistorted data. We introduce the undistort lens, a complement to existing distortion‐based techniques that provides a local and separate presentation of the original geometry without affecting any distortion‐based lenses currently used in the presentation. The undistort lens is designed to allow interactive access to the underlying undistorted data within the context of the distorted space, and to enable a better understanding of the distortions. The paper describes the implementation of a generic back‐mapping mechanism that enables the implementation of undistort lenses for arbitrary distortion based techniques, including those presented in the lens literature. We also provide a series of use‐case scenarios that demonstrate the situations in which the technique can complement existing lenses.
Visualization and Analysis of Eddies in a Global Ocean Simulation
Authors: Williams S. , Hecht M. , Petersen M. , Strelitz R. , Maltrud M. , Ahrens J. , Hlawitschka M. , Hamann B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe present analysis and visualization of flow data from a high‐resolution simulation of the dynamical behavior of the global ocean. Of particular scientific interest are coherent vortical features called mesoscale eddies. We first extract high‐vorticity features using a metric from the oceanography community called the Okubo‐Weiss parameter. We then use a new circularity criterion to differentiate eddies from other non‐eddy features like meanders in strong background currents. From these data, we generate visualizations showing the three‐dimensional structure and distribution of ocean eddies. Additionally, the characteristics of each eddy are recorded to form an eddy census that can be used to investigate correlations among variables such as eddy thickness, depth, and location. From these analyses, we gain insight into the role eddies play in large‐scale ocean circulation.
A Shader Framework for Rapid Prototyping of GPU‐Based Volume Rendering
Authors: Rieder Christian , Palmer Stephan , Link Florian , Hahn Horst K. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we present a rapid prototyping framework for GPU‐based volume rendering. Therefore, we propose a dynamic shader pipeline based on the SuperShader concept and illustrate the design decisions. Also, important requirements for the development of our system are presented. In our approach, we break down the rendering shader into areas containing code for different computations, which are defined as freely combinable, modularized shader blocks. Hence, high‐level changes of the rendering configuration result in the implicit modification of the underlying shader pipeline. Furthermore, the prototyping system allows inserting custom shader code between shader blocks of the pipeline at run‐time. A suitable user interface is available within the prototyping environment to allow intuitive modification of the shader pipeline. Thus, appropriate solutions for visualization problems can be interactively developed. We demonstrate the usage and the usefulness of our framework with implementations of dynamic rendering effects for medical applications.
Tablorer – An Interactive Tree Visualization System for Tablet PCs
Authors: Shin HyunJu , Park GwangHyun , Han JungHyun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA variety of mobile devices are available today, but there is no dominant tree visualization system in the devices. This paper proposes Tablorer, a novel interactive tree visualization system for medium‐sized mobile devices, especially for tablet PCs. The system shows the hierarchical information with a compact way using an expandable table format. For efficient navigation, the system provides an integrated view of context and focus information. The experimental results show that Tablorer can reduce the search time by about 22%.
Comparison of Multiple Weighted Hierarchies: Visual Analytics for Microbe Community Profiling
Authors: Dinkla K. , Westenberg M.A. , Timmerman H.M. , van Hijum S.A.F.T. , van Wijk J.J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe propose visual analytics techniques to support concurrent comparison of hundreds of cumulatively weighted instances of a single hierarchy. This includes a node‐link representation of the hierarchy where nodes depict the weights of all instances with high‐density heat maps that are grouped and aligned to ease cross‐referencing. Hierarchy exploration is facilitated by smoothly animated expansion and collapse of its branches. Detailed information about hierarchy structure, weights, and meta‐data is provided by secondary linked visualizations. These techniques have been implemented in a prototype tool, in which the computational analysis concerns have been strictly separated from the visualization concerns. The analysis algorithms are extensible via a script engine. We discuss the effectiveness of our techniques for the visual analytic process of microbe community profiling experts.
Impact of ribavirin dose reduction on the efficacy of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy for elderly patients infected with genotype 1b and high viral loads
Authors: Kohno Hiroshi , Kouno Hirotaka , Aimitsu Shiomi , Aisaka Yasuyuki , Kitamoto Mikiya , Kawakami Hiroiku , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: June 2011

Aim:  To examine the impact of ribavirin dose reduction on the efficacy of pegylated interferon (PEG IFN) plus ribavirin combination therapy for elderly patients infected with genotype 1b and high viral loads.Methods:  A total of 72 patients, over 65 years old, were recruited for this study. Patients were divided into groups receiving either 600–800 mg of ribavirin according to bodyweight (Group 1, n = 36) or 400 mg of ribavirin (Group 2, n = 36) plus 1.5 µg/kg (range: 1.3–2.0 µg/kg) of PEG IFN‐α‐2b for 48 weeks.Results:  Total ribavirin doses were administrated at 9.80 ± 2.39 mg/kg per day (3.29 ± 0.80 g/kg) for Group 1 and 5.87 ± 1.82 mg/kg per day (1.97 ± 0.61 g/kg) for Group 2 (P < 0.001). According to the total clearance (CL/F) of ribavirin, 34 of 36 patients in Group 1 received over‐doses of ribavirin. In contrast, numbers of those receiving equivalent doses of ribavirin were two of 36 patients in Group 1 and 36 of 36 patients in Group 2, respectively (P < 0.001). End‐of‐treatment response (ETR) rates were observed in 23 of 36 patients (63.9%) in the standard ribavirin dose protocol and in 23 of 36 patients (63.9%) in the reduction ribavirin dose protocol (NS). Sustained virological response (SVR) rates were observed in 11 of 36 patients (30.6%) in the standard ribavirin dose protocol, and in 13 of 36 patients (36.1%) in the reduced ribavirin dose protocol (NS).Conclusion:  Reduction of ribavirin doses for elderly patients did not affect the outcome for the 48‐week combination therapy.
On the Connection between Dissipation Enhancement in the Ocean Surface Layer and Langmuir Circulations
Authors: Teixeira Miguel A. C. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
A mechanism for the enhancement of the viscous dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in the oceanic boundary layer (OBL) is proposed, based on insights gained from rapid-distortion theory (RDT). In this mechanism, which complements mechanisms purely based on wave breaking, preexisting TKE is amplified and subsequently dissipated by the joint action of a mean Eulerian wind-induced shear current and the Stokes drift of surface waves, the same elements thought to be responsible for the generation of Langmuir circulations. Assuming that the TKE dissipation rate ɛ saturates to its equilibrium value over a time of the order one eddy turnover time of the turbulence, a new scaling expression, dependent on the turbulent Langmuir number, is derived for ɛ. For reasonable values of the input parameters, the new expression predicts an increase of the dissipation rate near the surface by orders of magnitude compared with usual surface-layer scaling estimates, consistent with available OBL data. These results establish on firmer grounds a suspected connection between two central OBL phenomena: dissipation enhancement and Langmuir circulations.
Gestational malaria associated to Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum placental mixed-infection followed by foetal loss: a case report from an unstable transmission area in Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Bruna O , Matsuda Joycenéa S , Luz Sergio LB , Martinez-Espinosa Flor E , Leite Juliana A , Franzin Fernanda , Orlandi Patrícia P , Gregoracci Gustavo B , Lacerda Marcus VG , Nogueira Paulo A , Costa Fabio TM 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Gestational malaria is a multi-factorial syndrome leading to poor outcomes for both the mother and foetus. Although an unusual increasing in the number of hospitalizations caused by Plasmodium vivax has been reported in Brazil, mortality is rarely observed. This is a report of a gestational malaria case that occurred in the city of Manaus (Amazonas State, Brazil) and resulted in foetal loss. The patient presented placental mixed-infection by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum after diagnosis by nested-PCR, however microscopic analysis failed to detect P. falciparum in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, as the patient did not receive proper treatment for P. falciparum and hospitalization occurred soon after drug treatment, it seems that P. falciparum pathology was modulated by the concurrent presence of P. vivax. Collectively, this case confirms the tropism towards the placenta by both of these species of parasites, reinforces the notion that co-existence of distinct malaria parasites interferes on diseases' outcomes, and opens discussions regarding diagnostic methods, malaria treatment during pregnancy and prenatal care for women living in unstable transmission areas of malaria, such as the Brazilian Amazon.
Existence and iterative approximation for generalized equilibrium problems for a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in banach spaces
Authors: Kamraksa Uthai , Wangkeeree Rabian 
Published: June 2011

AbstractWe first prove the existence of a solution of the generalized equilibrium problem (GEP) using the KKM mapping in a Banach space setting. Then, by virtue of this result, we construct a hybrid algorithm for finding a common element in the solution set of a GEP and the fixed point set of countable family of nonexpansive mappings in the frameworks of Banach spaces. By means of a projection technique, we also prove that the sequences generated by the hybrid algorithm converge strongly to a common element in the solution set of GEP and common fixed point set of nonexpansive mappings.AMS Subject Classification: 47H09, 47H10
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor attenuates inflammation in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Pollari Eveliina , Savchenko Ekaterina , Jaronen Merja , Kanninen Katja , Malm Tarja , Wojciechowski Sara , Ahtoniemi Toni , Goldsteins Gundars , Giniatullina Raisa , Giniatullin Rashid , Koistinaho Jari , Magga Johanna 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is protective in animal models of various neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated whether pegfilgrastim, GCSF with sustained action, is protective in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with manifestations of upper and lower motoneuron death and muscle atrophy accompanied by inflammation in the CNS and periphery.

Methods
Human mutant G93A superoxide dismutase (SOD1) ALS mice were treated with pegfilgrastim starting at the presymptomatic stage and continued until the end stage. After long-term pegfilgrastim treatment, the inflammation status was defined in the spinal cord and peripheral tissues including hematopoietic organs and muscle. The effect of GCSF on spinal cord neuron survival and microglia, bone marrow and spleen monocyte activation was assessed in vitro.

Results
Long-term pegfilgrastim treatment prolonged mutant SOD1 mice survival and attenuated both astro- and microgliosis in the spinal cord. Pegfilgrastim in SOD1 mice modulated the inflammatory cell populations in the bone marrow and spleen and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine in monocytes and microglia. The mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into the circulation was restored back to basal level after long-term pegfilgrastim treatment in SOD1 mice while the storage of Ly6C expressing monocytes in the bone marrow and spleen remained elevated. After pegfilgrastim treatment, an increased proportion of these cells in the degenerative muscle was detected at the end stage of ALS.

Conclusions
GCSF attenuated inflammation in the CNS and the periphery in a mouse model of ALS and thereby delayed the progression of the disease. This mechanism of action targeting inflammation provides a new perspective of the usage of GCSF in the treatment of ALS.
Spin reorientation transition: phase diagrams and entropy change
Authors: Basso Vittorio , Sasso Carlo P. , Kuepferling Michaela 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper we review the phase diagram and derive the entropy change for spin reorientation transitions by considering first order magnetization process theory with temperature dependent magneto-crystalline anisotropy constants. We derive the magnetic field-induced entropy change Δs for a transition between easy axis and easy plane, showing that for alternating magnetic field, Δs has a change of sign at the reorientation temperature, while for rotating magnetic field its sign is definite. We apply the model to CoZn W-type barium ferrite.
Replication of Stochastic and Geometric Micro Structures – Aspects of Visual Appearance
Authors: Berger G. R. , Gruber D. P. , Friesenbichler W. , Teichert C. , Burgsteiner M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The surface quality of injection molded parts depends on the processing conditions, the cavity surface structure, the runner system, the used polymer and the part geometry. Different replication of the cavity surface structure to the molded part influences its surface function and visual appearance. A descriptive model of the replication process has been developed, taking into account the thickness of the frozen layer during injection. The expected dependencies were proven by systematic injection molding tests with geometric surface micro structures, having depths of 45 or 100 μm and widths from 400 to 2000 μm, that were replicated into high-crystalline polypropylene (HCPP) and polycarbonate (PC). The volumetric structure replication ratio increased with rising mold temperature, melt temperature and cavity pressure. As expected, the mold temperature was dominant for very small micro features. The RMS roughness, determined by confocal microscopy and atomic-force microscopy, was found to be a suitable replication parameter for draw-polished to mirror-finished stochastic cavity surface structures. An abrupt change in wall thickness decelerated the flow front velocity, thus decreased the replicated polymer surface roughness and increased the surface gloss. Moreover, a several micrometer high “surface step” remained, due to the different thickness-dependent shrinkage. This step always ascended from the thicker to the thinner part area. The replication of a mirror-finished mold surface into HCPP was dominated by morphological effects. Local micro shrinkage differences led to micro sink marks, which affected the surface gloss much more than the mold surface structure.