bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive-behaviour Therapy to Enhancing Self-esteem Concerns Improves Smoking Cessation Outcome in Patients with Mental Disorders: The Pilot Study
Authors: Wojtyna E.J. , Dosiak M.M. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Tobacco dependence is common in patients with mental disorders. At the same time the self-esteem of these patients is very low. Failures, which inmates may suffer during smoke cessation, may lower their self-esteem more and more. The aim of the study was to indicate the influence of CBT on self-esteem and smoking cessation among inmates.Methods:The study comprised 44 mentally ill heavy smokers (38 with schizophrenia and 6 with depression). CBT was adopted for the experimental group (n=19). The CBT-group participated in twelve weekly two-hour therapeutic sessions concentrated on enhancing a self-esteem, and twelve weekly educational sessions. The control group (n=25) participated in educational training only. The study was of a linear character. The following methods were used: Self-Esteem Scale, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, characteristic of tobacco use questionnaire and monitoring the amount of cigarettes.Results:An improvement in self-esteem was observed in the period following the therapy among CBT-group in comparison with the control group. After therapy inmates from CBT-group smoked less cigarettes than control group and faster decided on a smoking cessation. After interventions self-esteem was negatively correlated with amount of cigarettes. Twelve patients from CBT-group stopped smoking completely in comparison with eight from control group.Conclusions:CBT improves the self-esteem in mentally ill patients and it may by used as a very helpful method for smoking cessation among this group of smokers.
Self-reported Rumination as Trait Marker for Depression: Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging [P02-20]
Authors: Arnone D. , Pegg E. , Mckie S. , Downey D. , Elliott R. , Deakin J.F.K. , Anderson I.M. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Research using fMRI indicates that sustained limbic activity is linked to processing negative words and self-reported rumination in currently depressed individuals. It is unknown whether this is also present in remitted depressed individuals. We tested the hypothesis that a tendency to ruminate constitutes a trait for depression by using a standard covert fMRI emotional task face in previously and never depressed volunteers and postulated that high rumination scores would correlate with activity in brain areas previously associated with depression.Methods:37 controls (25 female) and 30 remitted depressed (RD, 22 female) were enrolled. Volunteers completed the Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and underwent fMRI scanning using a standard covert fMRI emotional task faces. Significance level was set at p < 0.05 (FWE).Results:With RRS score controlled for RD showed reduced subcortical and limbic activity to sad and fearful faces compared to controls. Correlations between RRS scores and neural activity in all participants and control participants alone were very limited. However, in RD, RRS score was negatively correlated with neural response to happy faces and positively correlated with neural response to sad and fearful faces, in cortical and limbic regions associated with depression (hippocampus, thalamus, caudate, insula and cingulate gyrus).Conclusion:The results suggest that reduced limbic activity is associated with remission, possibly as a maintenance mechanism. However, within the remitted group the more ruminative participants show greater response in these areas to negative stimuli, and less to positive stimuli. This could be a neurobiological marker for risk of relapse.
F2695: A New Therapeutic Potential for Major Depression a Phase ii Double-blind Randomised Trial Results
Authors: Mansuy L. 
Published: March 2009

F2695 is a novel antidepressant exerts simultaneous noradrenergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitter effects.F2695 SR was administered in patients with Major Depression in a randomized, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled 10-week study, assessing the efficacy and safety of F2695 SR progressive titration safety adapted doses from 75 mg to 100 mg od, in out-patients with Major Depressive Disorders. The 563 randomized patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorders and presented moderate or severe Major Depressive Disorders. Efficacy analysis found a significant difference between F2695 and placebo in favour of the active treatment in term of a significantly greater improvement in MADRS total score with F2695 compared with placebo (p< 0.0001). In addition, significantly more patients achieved MADRS response (a decrease in total score equal or superior to 50%) and MADRS remission (defined as a total score inferiorior to10) in the F2695 group than in the placebo group such an effect being usually not seen on this measure in the relatively short time span of a ten-week study. At the doses tested, F2695 was effective from early in the treatment (week 2) and the difference in efficacy compared with placebo increased steadily throughout the study.The severity to entry in this study was relatively high and the mean MADRS entry score was 31, about 40% of patients were in the severe category of depression.This study: provided evidence of the efficacy of F2695 in major depression population. Therapeutic effect was sustained in term of effect-size, responders and remissions rate, in front of placebo.
Compared Diagnostic Stability Between Mood Disorders and Psychotic Disorders in a Day-care Psychiatric Unit
Authors: Martins A. , Domingues I. , Pedrosa R. , Sousa V. , Marques J. , Silva A. , Curral R. , Torres A. Roma 
Published: March 2009

Psychiatric diagnosis depends more from the experts' opinion than from the biological basis of the diseases. Therefore the lack of diagnostic stability among the psychiatric practice is not a rare situation. This usually results in increased costs in treatment and sometimes in worst outcome for the patient who is misdiagnosed at the onset of the illness.The authors evaluated diagnostic stability among a population of 302 patients receiving psychiatric treatment in a day-care unit of a central hospital between January/2005 and June/2008. The study compared diagnostic stability of 146 patients diagnosed as mood disorder with diagnostic stability of 83 patients diagnosed as psychotic disorder.There was high diagnostic stability either for mood disorders as for psychotic disorders. This fact provides the chance of planning more accurate treatment strategies and better outcome.
A Qualitative Analysis on What Brazilian Psychiatrists Want from Current Diagnostic Classifications
Authors: Júnior A. Santos , Silva L.F.A.L. , Banzato C.E.M. , Pereira M.E.C. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To analyze the qualitative answers profile of an anonymous standardized survey, with qualitative and quantitative questions, about the Brazilian psychiatrists' perceptions on their use of the multiaxial diagnostic systems ICD 10 and DSM-IV and on their expectations about future revisions of these classifications (ICD-11 and DSM-V).Method:the questionnaire, elaborated by Graham Mellsop (New Zealand), was translated into Portuguese and sent through mail to 1050 psychiatrists affiliated to the Brazilian Psychiatry Association. The quantitative analysis is presented elsewhere.Results:One hundred and sixty questionaries returned (15,2%). From these, 71,1% of the open questions where answered. The most needed and/or desirable qualities in a psychiatric classification were found to be: simplicity, criteria clarity, objectivity, comprehensibility, reliability and ease to use. The axis I of the ICD-10 was reported to be the most used due to its instrumental character in addition to being the official classification, including for legal and bureaucratic purposes. The DSM-IV was also used in the everyday practice, mostly for education and research purposes, by psychiatrists with academic affiliations. The less frequent use of the multiaxial systems was justified by the lack of training and familiarity, the overload of information and by the fact they are not mandatory. It was evaluated that some diagnostic categories must be reviewed, like: mental retardation, eating disorders, personality disorders, sleeping disorders, child and adolescence disorders, affective and schizoaffective disorders.Conclusion:This material offers a systematic panorama about the psychiatrists' opinions and expectations concerning the diagnostic instruments used in the daily practice.
Prevalence of Mental Health Patient Hospitalized in Medical Wards in Beheshti Hospital in 2007
Authors: Akasheh G. , Sedighi M. 
Published: March 2009

Mental disorders are one of the most problems in the world and influence on medical disease thus this study investigated the prevalence of mental disorders in medical wards of Beheshti hospital.Method and materials:This study was a descriptive research in 260 patients hospitalized in medical wards of Beheshti hospital. Data was collected in two groups:1.Identification data includes: name, age, gender, maritial status, resident place and previous mental disorder and type of medical ward.2.G.H.Q. Those who scores were higher than the cut of point in GHQ, were psychiatrically interviewed based on DSM-IV TR criteria.The results were analyzed by descriptive statistic.Result:54.2% suffered from mental disorder include: mood disorder (34.2%), anxiety disorder (9.6%), somatoform disorder (1.5%) and psychosis (0.4%). The rate of illness in female was 56.9% versus 42.7% in male. Prevalence of psychotic disorder is more than findings of Higashi and Yashiro (27 to 39%) and Koeng in Duke university (36.5% MDD).Conclusion:Mental disorders are common in general hospital and consult with psychiatrist and liasion psychiatry is very important.
An Assessment of the Assertiveness among Students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Yektatalab S. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction:One of the most important attitudes which can affect personal, professional and social operation of individual, especially medical students is assertiveness.Material and methods:The samples of this research consist of 412 students of Jahrom University who are studying in Doctoral, Nursing, Technician of operation room and technician of Narcosis. Ratus Assertiveness test was used for gathering data.Results:The score of assertiveness was between 73/8-173.82.3% of students were unassertive and 17/7% was assertive. The highest rate of assertiveness was observed in the students of Narcosis (121.44±19.19) and the lowest rate was seen among doctoral students (113.30±14.64).Conclusion:The results reveal the prevalence of unassertiveness in the students of Jahrom University. The low assertiveness score in the male students is clear. Also students whose fathers are highly educated and also students who have better economic situation, have higher score.
Emotional Processing in Eating Disorders
Authors: Castro L.C. , Martins M. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Patients with eating disorders are reported to show emotional processing deficits compared to healthy controls.Aim:To study and discuss the role of emotional processing in eating disorders.Methods:Review of the literature.Results:Several studies found a marked impairment in emotional processing in eating disorder patients. These emotion-processing deficits seem to be independent of affective symptoms. Different studies address different concepts as emotional awareness, alexithymia and facial or voice emotional recognition. The emotional processing and functioning of eating disorder patients highly impact their relational styles and behaviour.Discussion:The literature suggests global emotion-processing deficits in eating disorders. The emotion-processing deficits in eating disorder patients may contribute to the poor interpersonal communication, lack of social cognition and lack of empathy frequently seen in these patients. It is extremely important a better understanding of these complex relationships as they can act as maintenance factors of the eating disorder, contributing to social isolation and therapeutic failure. The prognostic implications of these findings, as well as potential therapeutical interventions are topics valuable for future research in this area.
Organic Eating Disorders of Morbid Hunger & Hyperphagia After Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Presentation and Prevalence
Authors: Faruqui R. , Rowell A. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Morbid Hunger or persistent Hyperphagia are rare conditions after TBI and can pose life threatening health risks to the patient, risks of aggression towards professional and family carers managing this behaviour, and the ability to function in social settings.Method:1.Systematic search of Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, CINAHL, DARE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Clinical Trials Register, using terms Eating Disorders, Organic Eating Disorders, Binge Eating, Anorexia Nervosa, Hyperphagia, Morbid Hunger, Satiety, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Glands, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Acquired Brain Injury.2.Diagnostic review of currently admitted hospital patients at a tertiary care brain injury rehabilitation centre in order to establish point prevalence.3.Review of Dietetic records to establish clinical presentation and management principles.Results:Systematic review identified case reports and case series of these disorders, providing description of three distinct traumatic presentations:a. Persistent Hyperphagia after head injury.b. Serious food seeking behaviour and overeating after surgery for neoplasm resulting in pituitary/ hypothalamic injury.c. Head Injury variant of Kleine Levine Syndrome presenting with Hyperphagia, Hypersomnolence, and Hypersexuality.Diagnostic review of 88 admitted patients identified 2 (3%) patients presenting with this condition.Review of dietetic records confirmed the persistent and serious nature of this presentation and identified a high need for environmental and cue exposure control in management of this condition.Conclusions:Organic eating disorders are rare but potentially life threatening conditions, requiring formal cataloguing and recognition in diagnostic classifications to facilitate systematic study of pathophysiology and relevant management strategies.
Translation of SCOFF Questionnaire and Validation of this French Version for the Screening of Eating Disorders in a Student Population
Authors: Garcia F. Duarte , Grigioni S. , Houy-Durand E. , Allais E. , Merygnac G. , Thibaut F. , Déchelotte P. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:To translate SCOFF questionnaire in French and evaluate its metrological features for the screening of eating disorders (ED) in a student French population.Methods:SCOFF questionnaire is composed by 5 questions and it has been developed for the screening of ED and Its French version isn't currently available. The translation and the transcultural validation were done using international criteria. The validation study employed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview as the gold standard and the French version of SCOFF questionnaire (QD-TCA) paper and pencil form was applied to female students attending yearly evaluation in the Students Health clinic.Results:The sample was composed of 120 women with a mean age of 20 years (standard deviation - SD - 3.1 years, range 18-35). Thirteen cases (10.8%) of ED were diagnosed having ED (3 cases (2.8%) of anorexia nervosa and 10 cases (8%) of bulimia nervosa). Diagnostic threshold was calculated using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and fixated at two positive answers. The sensitivity of QD-TCA was of 92% with a specificity of 91.5%. Its positive and negative predictive values for ED were 57.1% and 99%, respectively. Similar results were obtained for AN and BN. Intraclass correlation-R was of 89%.Conclusion:The French version of SCOFF questionnaire developed by our team (QD-TCA) seems to be a reliable and practical eating disorder's screening tool in a moderate risk student setting.
Do Stressful Life Events Predict Eating Disorder Relapse?: Six-year Outcomes from the Collaborative Personality Disorders Study [P02-56]
Authors: Grilo C. , Pagano M. , Stout R. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:To examine the natural course of eating disorders (ED) prospectively over 6 years and to examine link between stressful life events (SLEs) and ED relapse among women with personality-disorders (PDs).Method:Subjects were 132 female patients with bulimia nervosa (N=40) or EDNOS (N=92) in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. EDs were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I, and monitored with the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation during follow-up. PDs were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV PD (DIPD-IV), and monitored with the Follow-Along version of the DIPD-IV during follow-up. SLEs were assessed with the Life Events Assessment (LEA). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 6- and 12-months and then yearly through 72 months. Proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to examine the link between time-varying levels of SLEs and ED relapse. Cox regressions controlled for the same covariates used in prior work: duration of ED, number of co-morbid psychiatric disorders, and time-varying status of PDs.Results:Of the 132 patients, 59% had remissions from ED, 68% of whom subsequently relapsed over the course of 6 years (BN and EDNOS did not differ in relapse). Total number of negative SLEs reported by ED patients significantly predicted subsequent ED relapse (HazardRatio=1.5, p< .05). The types of SLEs that predicted ED relapse were elevated work stressors (HazardRatio=3.0, p< .01) and elevated recreation stressors (HazardRatio=3.1, p< .05).Conclusion:Higher work stress and higher recreation stress represent significant warning signs for triggering relapse for women in remission from BN and EDNOS.
Childhood Risk Factors in Korean Women with Anorexia Nervosa: Two Sets of Case-control Studies with Retrospective Comparisons
Authors: Kim Y.-R. , Treasure J. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the risk factors for anorexia nervosa (AN) in East Asian subjects.Method:Two sets of case-control comparisons were conducted, in which 33 women with lifetime AN from Seoul, S. Korea, were compared with 42 women with lifetime AN from the UK and also with 90 Korean healthy controls in terms of their childhood risk factors. A questionnaire designed to conduct retrospective assessments of the childhood risk factors was administered to all participants.Results:There were no overall differences in the childhood risk factors between the Korean and British women with AN. The Korean AN patients were more likely to report premorbid anxiety, perfectionism and emotional undereating and were less likely to report having supportive figures in their childhood than the healthy controls.Conclusion:Our findings support the theory that AN is not a culture-bound syndrome. Larger epidemiologically based studies would be needed to validate these preliminary findings.
Subjective Health Complaints in a Sample with Morbid Obesity and the Complaints' Relation with Work Ability
Authors: Lier H.Ø. , Biringer E. , Eriksen H. , Tangen T. 
Published: March 2009

Background and aims:Obesity is associated with psychological, social and physical problems. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of subjective health complaints and their impact on work ability in a sample with morbid obesity.Method:Fortysix patients, 31 women and 15 men, aged 23 to 65 years (mean 43.7, s.d. 10.7), with BMI from 37 to 60 kg/m2 (mean 45 kg/m2, s.d. 5.02), on a waiting list for bariatric surgery participated. Subjective health complaints were measured by the 29-items Subjective Health Complaint Inventory. Five subscales were computed; Allergy, Flu, Musculoskeletal pain, Gastrointestinal problems and Pseudoneurology.Results:All participants reported subjective health complaints the last month, in particular they suffered from musculoskeletal (mean 8.2, s.d. 5.46), pseudoneurological (mean 4.7, s.d. 4.31) and gastrointestinal (mean 3.2, s.d. 5.46) complaints. Mean sickness absence the last year was 185 days (s.d. 163.32). Days of sickness absence were significant correlated with the Musculoskeletal (r = .35, p= .023) and Pseudoneurological (r= .40, p= .009) subscales.Conclusion:All patients reported subjective health complaints, with mean levels of symptoms considerably higher than in the general population. In particular, levels of musculoskeletal and pseudoneurological complaints were high, and these complaints were significantly related to work absence. It thus seems like subjective health complaints influence work ability to a significant degree in patients with morbid obesity.
Adversity and Suicide Attempts in Morbid Obese Adults: What’s the Reality?
Authors: Silva S. , Maia A. 
Published: March 2009

Suicide is a common cause of death in eating disorders and suicide attempts are currently associated with binge eating and obesity. Research has shown that childhood adversities predispose to suicidal behaviour and other impulsive behaviours, such as compulsive eating. The aim of this work was to characterize the relation between childhood adverse experiences and adult suicide attempts and understand in morbid obese adults.One hundred morbid obese (bariatric surgery candidates) filled out Life History Questionnaire (Felitti & Anda, 1998; translated by Silva & Maia, 2007), an instrument that evaluates the presence of 10 different forms of childhood adversity.88% report at least one adverse childhood experience and almost 50% report at least five.25% of the participants report at least one suicide attempt, almost 75% from this group more than one and 30% report an injury as a result of this attempt. In a logistic regression analysis, adversity had increased odds of suicide attempts (X2 (1) = 23.645, p< .000, odds ratio = 2.026).Adverse childhood experiences and suicide attempts are prevalent in morbid obese adults. Adversity was associated with an increased risk of suicide attempts among bariatric surgery candidates. Taking in account that eating behaviour and suicide attempts can be conceptualize as impulse control problems resulting from adversity, these results should be taken in consideration in the evaluation of bariatric surgery candidates. It's also important to re-think all the selection criteria for inclusion in bariatric treatment, the follow-up of this patients and the philosophy of preventive programs.
Chronic Self-destructiveness in Anorexia Students
Authors: Wojciak R.W. , Cierpialkowska L. 
Published: March 2009

The term self-destructiveness is related to human behaviours that lead to reduction of positive consequences and increase the probability of experiencing negative results. According to statistical data a growing number of acute self-destructive behaviours, like suicides, drug addiction and alcohol abuse has been observed in European population recently.Apart from the acute self-destructiveness some authors have attempted to identify chronic self-destructive behaviours as the tendency to avoid behaviours that lead to positive consequences for oneself. The studies were performed on 15 anorectic women (diagnosed by EAT-26) and 39 non-anorectic women, aged 21,7 ± 1,0 years. All subjects were asked to answer on Kelley's test of chronic self-destructiveness modified to Polish conditions by Suchanska. The results were evaluated in the five-point scale and subsequently analysed with the use of t-Student's and Chi-square tests.The results showed lack of tendencies to indirect auto-destructiveness in the studied subjects. However the were differences (chi-square=7,54; p< 0,05) in the distribution data showing that anorectic are more prone to such behaviours compared to non-anorectic (14% vs. 0%, relatively).This work was supported by grant from the National Committee of the Science Research of Poland No 2 P06T 02330.