bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal perception of excess weight in children: A survey conducted by paediatricians in the province of Milan
Authors: Genovesi Simonetta , Giussani Macro , Faini Andrea , Vigorita Federico , Pieruzzi Federico , Grazia Strepparava Maria , Stella Andrea , Grazia Valsecchi Maria 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Objective: To establish whether maternal perception of a child's body weight (BW) and food intake is related to the level of maternal education. Study design: Height and BW of 569 mother/child couples were measured, and mothers received a questionnaire regarding their perception of their own weight and their child's BW and food intake. Results: Twenty‐nine percent of mothers and 35% of children were overweight or obese. Only 10% of the mothers underestimated their own weight, while 37% overestimated it. In contrast, 28% of mothers underestimated their child's BW, while 9% overestimated it. Higher maternal instruction level was significantly associated to a lower weight class in both mothers and children, and to a correct perception of the child's weight. Fifty‐seven per cent of the mothers who perceived their child to be overweight or obese were not concerned. Forty‐four per cent of the mothers with overweight or obese children believed that their child was eating correctly. Conclusions: A better understanding of how mothers perceive the problem of excess weight in their children is relevant to the success of preventive interventions in childhood obesity.
Outcome of low birthweight in China: A 16‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Peng Yongmei , Huang Bin , Biro Frank , Feng Lingying , Guo Zhiping , Slap Gail 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To compare the growth and neurodevelopment of low‐birthweight (LBW) and normal‐birthweight (control) infants born and raised in China. Design: Prospective cohort study. Subjects and setting: 203 LBW (1200–2499 g) and 71 control (2500 g) infants born at two Shanghai hospitals in 1983 did not differ for date of birth, gender, parental occupation, parental weight and age. LBW <10th centile at 37 wk gestation was defined as small for gestational age (SGA, n=102). LBW at <37 wk gestation was defined as preterm (n=101). Main outcome measures: Weight, height, head circumference, Gesell developmental quotient (DQ), Wechsler intelligence quotient (IQ), and scholastic achievement score. Results: Of the 274 enrolled subjects, 234 (85%) returned at 6 mo, 135 (49%) at 6 y, and 104 (38%) at 16 y. SGA, preterm, and control subjects did not differ in rates of follow‐up or baseline characteristics. However, SGA and preterm were lower than control subjects in weight and head circumference through 16 y, height through 4 y, DQ through 3 y, IQ at 5 and 16 y, and scholastic achievement at 16 y. Catch‐up to growth in the control group, defined as >3rd centile, and normal IQ, defined as 85, were both more common among preterm than SGA subjects. Conclusions: Adolescents in China with birthweights of 1200–2499 g, and particularly those who were SGA, lag behind peers with birthweights >2500 g in physical growth, cognitive capacity, and school achievement. The findings suggest that LBW adolescents in China today represent a population in need of evaluation and support.
Food choices at lunch during the third year of life: high selection of animal and starchy foods but avoidance of vegetables
Authors: Nicklaus Sophie , Boggio Vincent , Issanchou Sylvie 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: The objective was to show patterns of food selection by 2‐ to 3‐y‐old children for a wide variety of foods in a self‐service cafeteria and to assess the effect of individual variables (gender, BMI, mode of feeding after birth and rank in sibship). Methods: In a nursery self‐service canteen, food choices at lunch made by children (n=418, 24–36 mo; 109 observations per child on average) were recorded by trained assistants who monitored portion size. An offer of eight dishes (animal products, starchy foods, combination dishes, vegetables and dairy products), excluding dessert‐type foods, was proposed. Choice level was calculated for each food. Analysis of variance was used to compare choices for the various foods and to assess the effect of the individual variables. Results: The choice of a food largely depended upon its nature: animal products, starchy foods and their combinations were widely chosen, whereas vegetables were not often selected; the choice for dairy products depended upon the type. The mode of preparation of the food influenced its choice. Segmenting products were identified; however, except for cheeses, a given child did not refuse an entire food category. Children's characteristics did not explain the choice variability. Conclusion: At the age of 2 to 3 y, children preferentially choose animal products and starchy foods and avoid vegetables; the high individual variability of their food choices could be related to previous food experiences.
Callosal anomalies with interhemispheric cyst: Expanding the phenotype
Authors: Pavone Piero , Barone Rita , Baieli Sabrina , Parano Enrico , Incorpora Gemma , Ruggieri Martino 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To determine the frequency and clinical features of corpus callosum hypoagenesis, dysgenesis or hypoplasia in conjunction with extraparenchymal interhemispheric cyst. Methods: A retrospective study of clinical files and imaging records of all 2500 children referred to the University Department of Paediatrics, Catania, Italy, who underwent neuroimaging by ultrasound, computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in 1992–2003. Five children (all girls, aged 2–18 y) were found to have abnormalities of the corpus callosum associated with interhemispheric cyst. Results: Three cases were type 2b, one type 2c and one mixed type 2b and 2c according to the classification proposed by Barkovich et al. The onset of clinical symptoms was very early, with severe neurological involvement, seizures that were difficult to treat and profound psychomotor retardation. Conclusions: In callosal anomalies with cysts, a prevalence in females is not confined to type 2b cysts, the spectrum of abnormalities of the corpus callosum is more varied than previously recorded, and the natural history and outcome of the condition are poor with profound developmental delay and drug‐resistant seizures. The finding that all the cases were of type 2 suggests that the overall phenotype is more widespread than previously thought and may present in association with other complex syndromes.
Postnatal peer counselling on exclusive breastfeeding of low‐birthweight infants: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Agrasada Grace V , Gustafsson Jan , Kylberg Elisabeth , Ewald Uwe 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Exclusive breastfeeding increases survival and optimizes growth of low‐birthweight (LBW) infants. If supported, mothers can overcome the unique difficulties associated with breastfeeding from birth to 6 mo. We tested the efficacy of postnatal peer counselling among first‐time mothers that aimed to increase exclusive breastfeeding of term LBW infants. Methods: In a Manila hospital, 204 mothers were randomized into three groups. Two intervention groups receiving home‐based counselling visits, one by counsellors trained in breastfeeding counselling (n=68), the other by counsellors trained in general childcare (n=67), were compared with a control group of mothers (n=69) who did not receive counselling. Results: Eighty‐eight per cent of the participating pairs completed the trial. At 6 mo, 44% of the breastfeeding counselled mothers, 7% childcare‐counselled mothers and none of the mothers in the control group were exclusively breastfeeding. More mothers in the breastfeeding counselled group than in the other groups were still breastfeeding at 6 mo. Twenty‐four infants who were exclusively breastfed for 6 mo did not have any diarrhoea. All groups had improved mean weight‐for‐age Z‐scores at 6 mo. Conclusion: This study has provided fundamental evidence of successful intervention to achieve 6 mo of exclusive breastfeeding among term LBW infants. By improving health outcomes, enhanced breastfeeding offers a distinct possibility of disrupting the intergenerational cycle of undernourished women giving birth to LBW infants.
Autosomal‐dominant non‐autoimmune hyperthyroidism presenting with neuromuscular symptoms
Authors: Elgadi Aziz , Arvidsson CG , Janson Annika , Marcus Claude , Costagliola Sabine , Norgren Svante 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Neuromuscular presentations are common in thyroid disease, although the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the pathogenesis in a boy with autosomal‐dominant hyperthyroidism presenting with neuromuscular symptoms. Methods: The TSHr gene was investigated by direct sequencing. Functional properties of the mutant TSHr were investigated during transient expression in COS‐7 cells. Family members were investigated by clinical and biochemical examinations. Results: Sequence analysis revealed a previously reported heterozygous missense mutation Glycine 431 for Serine in the first transmembrane segment, leading to an increased specific constitutive activity. Three additional affected family members carried the same mutation. There was no indication of autoimmune disorder. All symptoms disappeared upon treatment with thacapzol and L‐thyroxine and subsequent subtotal thyroidectomy. Conclusion: The data imply that neuromuscular symptoms can be caused by excessive thyroid hormone levels rather than by autoimmunity.
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for renovascular hypertension in a neonate
Authors: Daehnert I , Hennig Bert , Scheinert D 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To report on the first case of successful percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty in a neonate. Methods: Case report: a 5‐d‐old neonate was admitted with cardiorespiratory failure. Monitoring of blood pressure revealed severe arterial hypertension. Doppler sonography detected stenotic flow in the right renal artery. A 99mTc‐MAG3 scan revealed highly diminished elimination by the right kidney. Selective renin levels were 23 968 ng/l in the right and 3770 ng/l in the left renal vein and the aorta. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using a 2×10 mm balloon catheter was performed on the 8th day of life. Results: The patient was discharged from hospital normotensive without anti‐hypertensive medication. During 8 mo follow‐up the blood pressure remained normal, Doppler sonography revealed no recurrent artery stenosis, and renal function improved. Conclusion: Neonatal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for renal artery stenosis may be feasible in selected patients.
Waist circumference percentiles for 7‐ to 15‐year‐old Australian children
Authors: Eisenmann Joey C. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to develop age‐ and sex‐specific reference values for waist circumference using data obtained from Australian children and adolescents. Methods: Subjects were 8439 7‐to‐15 y olds (4277 males and 4162 females) who participated in the 1985 Australian Health and Fitness Survey. Waist circumference (WC) was measured in the standing position at the level of the umbilicus to the nearest 0.1 cm using a constant tension tape. Descriptive statistics for each whole‐year age group (e.g., 10.0–10.99 y, etc.) within sex were calculated. Construction of the smoothed centile curves was performed using the LMS method. Results: Mean WC increases in both males and females, with the values being similar between males and females prior to age 11 y, after which values are slightly higher in males. The range of values varied by age and sex groups but approximated 30–60 cm. Smoothed percentile curves and percentile values for the 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles are presented for boys and girls. WC increases with age in boys and girls, and boys have higher values than girls at nearly every age‐specific percentile. Conclusions: These data can be added to the existing international reference values for WC of children and adolescents which should be used to create international cut‐off points similar to those for the body mass index (BMI). Future studies should consider the immediate and long‐term consequences of an elevated WC in children and also examine the interaction of BMI and WC on chronic disease risk factors.
Birth centre care over a 10‐year period: Infant morbidity during the first month after birth
Authors: Gottvall Karin , Winbladh Birger , Cnattingius Sven , Waldenström Ulla 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study morbidity during the first month of life affecting infants of mothers booked for birth centre care during pregnancy. Methods: 3238 live single‐born infants whose mothers were admitted to an in‐hospital birth centre, located at South Hospital in Stockholm, between 1989 and 2000 were compared with 179 502 infants whose mothers received standard maternity care in the Stockholm region during the same period, and who fulfilled the same medical inclusion criteria as those of the birth centre group. Information on other exposures and outcomes was collected from the Swedish Medical Birth and Hospital Discharge Registers. Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR), using 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Compared with infants born in standard care, infants in the birth centre group had a higher risk of respiratory problems (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.14–1.69), a difference correlated to less serious respiratory diagnoses. However, the difference was not statistically significant if the birth centre group was compared only with infants born in standard care at South Hospital (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.94–1.47). Birth centre care was associated with a lower risk of fractures (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.25–0.63). Conclusion: Birth centre care was not associated with severe infant morbidity and even appeared to reduce the risk of birth trauma, such as clavicle and other fractures.
Long‐term follow‐up of a girl with primary aldosteronism: Effect of potassium supplement
Authors: Takaya Junji , Isozaki Yuka , Hirose Yohko , Higashino Hirohiko , Noda Yukihiro , Kobayashi Yohnosuke 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe followed up a girl with primary aldosteronism for 8 y, which was diagnosed at 6 y of age when she was referred to us for evaluation of heart murmur and growth failure. The diagnosis of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia was made by selective adrenal venous sampling. Following potassium supplement, her retarded growth was corrected dramatically, and she attained a normal adult height. Puberty developed normally and menarche occurred at 12 y of age. Blood pressure was also controlled adequately. Myocardial hypertrophy associated with aortic damage was noted at 13 y of age. Chronic renal failure developed with proteinuria and enlarged renal cysts. Conclusion: Serum electrolytes should be included in the evaluation of children with impaired growth. Although primary aldosteronism is a rare occurrence in children, the condition appears to deserve special attention not only from the viewpoint of growth failure and hypokalaemia but from the occurrence of late organ damage to the kidney and heart.
Management of the obese child using psychological‐based treatments
Authors: Flodmark Carl‐Erik 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObesity is increasing in childhood and has approximately doubled during the last 10 years. Nowadays, more politicians and researchers find it necessary to start treating childhood obesity. The reasons for this are the high costs of obesity and its complications later in life—complications that also appear when obesity starts in childhood. In the following article, I will give a review of the treatments available that have been evaluated in studies. There are no relevant studies regarding surgery and medication in children. Thus, I will not comment further on those treatments. The treatment of choice is thus a change in lifestyle. To be able to help patients do this, you have to be professional when you encounter the patient. The best way to be successful is to use psychological treatments as described in this paper.
Information and communication in society
Authors: Sandberg Helena 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn late modernity, the media is one of the most important social institutions in influencing people's knowledge, perceptions and actions. The media supply citizens with health‐related messages and contribute thereby to their health development. The abundant flow of health‐related messages, however, makes it difficult for the individual to separate good and reliable information from information of poor quality. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising each year in Sweden as well as in other countries. The future scenario is troublesome. The presented study deals with two questions: (1) How is overweight represented in the media? (2) What consequences do these representations have on public perceptions of overweight? A multi‐disciplinary approach has been chosen for the study. Theories and concepts are derived from four areas of research: consumption, bodily issues, risks and media & journalism. The aim was to describe, analyse and problematize how overweight is presented quantitatively and qualitatively in the media. The method used is content analysis. The study is limited to media content in Swedish daily newspapers, 1997–2001. In all, 1925 articles from four different papers have been analysed. Conclusion: The ideals of journalism are easy to accept but too often difficult to realize. Reporters as well as physicians and scientists must make more of an effort to communicate comprehensible and useful information about overweight and obesity to their audiences. Still we know little about the amount, the quality and the utility of health information in the media. There is a need for further research in this field if we want to understand what chances people have in making informed health‐related decisions and how they make sense of and use the health information at their disposal.
Human milk supplementation for preterm infants
Authors: Schanler Richard J 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNutrition support of the premature infant must be designed to compensate for metabolic and gastrointestinal immaturity, immunologic compromise, and associated medical conditions. The beneficial effects of human milk extend to the feeding of premature infants. However, nutritional concerns arise because the quantity of nutrients in human milk may not meet the great nutrient needs of the premature infant born weighing less than 1500 g. Human milk fortifiers are available to provide optimum nutrition. This review summarizes the benefits and limitations of human milk for the premature infant.
Post‐discharge nutrition for the preterm infant
Authors: Schanler Richard J 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNewly designed, ‘enriched,’ formulas are now available for the formula feeding premature infant after hospital discharge. These new formulations add to the array of milks from which to choose when the discharge of the premature infant is approaching. However, the data to support optimal or reference nutrient intakes to use for the premature infant in the post‐discharge are lacking. Breastfeeding should be encouraged as its beneficial effects may be related to the duration in which it is fed. Infants at risk for growth failure in the post‐discharge period, such as infants unable to consume ad libitum intakes of milk, and who already have growth faltering or abnormal nutritional indices, may benefit for the addition of enriched formula. This review summarizes the recent data and comments on recommendations on post‐discharge nutrition for premature infants.
The relation between inferior vena cava oxygen saturation, superior vena cava flow, fractional oxygen extraction and haemoglobin affinity in sick newborns: A pilot study
Authors: Hart James , Vemgal Prakash , Cocks‐Drew Sandra , Harrison Catherine , Andersen Chad 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To determine whether inferior vena cava oxygen saturation (UvO2) or lower‐body fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) could detect poor cardiac output in newborns. Methods: UvO2 and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) were measured simultaneously with echocardiographic determination of superior vena cava blood flow (SVC flow) at <12, 12–24 and >24 h. Haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), haemoglobin oxygen affinity (HOA) and lactate were measured and FOE calculated. Results: 56 studies in 17 infants, gestational age (median (range)) 26 wk 4 d (23 wk 2 d–42 wk 3 d): UvO2 (mean (SD)) was 84.9% (5.0), 77.6% (9.2) and 81.7% (12.9) at <12, 12–24 and >24 h, respectively; SVC flow (mean (SD)) increased from 71.7 (33) to 85 (66) and 123 (88) ml/kg/min at <12, 12–24 and >24 h, respectively. Despite a fall in mean [Hb], mean upper‐body oxygen delivery increased due to increases in both SVC flow and arteriovenous content difference. There was a negative correlation between [Hb] and FOE. Infants with high HOA had significantly lower FOE. Conclusion: Measurement of UvO2 is feasible in newborns. Changes to SVC flow and arteriovenous content difference lead to improvements in oxygen delivery. The interaction of HOA warrants further study.
Central/diffuse abdominal perception of urological pain in children
Authors: Polito Cesare , Cioce Fabrizio , Signoriello Giuseppe , La Manna Angela 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: In children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), the location of pain to the flank may suggest the involvement of the urinary apparatus. We aimed to evaluate the location of pain in different age groups of children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (HC) and/or hyperuricosuria (HU) and RAP. Methods: Location of pain was assessed in 180 consecutive HC/HU children with RAP, aged 3–17.6 y, presenting to a single centre. Results: Considering four age groups, central/diffuse was more prevalent than lateral location of pain in youngsters, with a progressive and significant (p<0.0001, χ2 test for trend) decrease of the prevalence of central/diffuse location with rising age, and with the most relevant drop after age 8 y. Location of pain was central/diffuse in 81% of patients under and lateral in 79% of those over 8 y of age (p<0.0001). The location of pain changed from central/diffuse to lateral in 16/18 children followed at least 1 y, within 1 to 2 y by age 8. Conclusion: Only after 8 y of age did the lateral location of abdominal pain become the rule in children with HC/HU and RAP. This has to be kept in mind in order to avoid overlooking the urologic origin of pain.
A Quisling on neonatal jaundice
Authors: Hansen Thor Willy Ruud 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background/methods: Nils Andreas Quisling was born in Telemark, Norway, in 1854 and became an obstetrician. In 1893 he published a monograph on neonatal jaundice. This monograph was studied and compared with other published sources from the same time period. Results: Quisling discussed four theories on the cause of neonatal jaundice. “Suppression jaundice” held that jaundice was the result of suppressed liver function. “Haematogenous jaundice” claimed that bilirubin was formed from haemoglobin outside the liver, and had nothing to do with the liver. “Polycholia” held that neonatal jaundice was due to an increased secretion of all the constituents of bile. Quisling rejected these and supported the “hepatogenous” theory–jaundice was always a liver‐related phenomenon. He described 50 cases of neonatal jaundice. The incidence of neonatal jaundice at the Kristiania Maternity Foundation was 26%. In Quisling's cases, gastrointestinal disturbances were common, and he felt this to be an under‐reported complication of neonatal jaundice. He found that neonatal jaundice was often accompanied by fever. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal disturbances were causally involved in neonatal jaundice, resulting in impeded bile drainage. At the time of Quisling's study (1887), this ‘hepatogenous” theory of neonatal jaundice probably still had majority support in the European literature.