bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New local hemostatic treatment for postpartum hemorrhage caused by placenta previa at cesarean section
Authors: Fuglsang Katrine , Petersen Lone Kjeld 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCesarean section in women with placenta previa is associated with the risk of heavy bleeding. We describe a new method where local hemostasis is obtained by applying a hemostatic fleece directly onto the lower uterine segment. During a 2‐year period women undergoing cesarean section due to placenta previa were treated with this hemostatic fleece if they had ongoing bleeding during the surgical procedure despite routine treatment. Data were obtained retrospectively from the hospital records. Fifteen patients were treated by 15 different surgeons. No patients required reoperation. Three patients required blood transfusion due to anemia. No patients were readmitted to the hospital due to endometritis. We conclude that the application of a hemostatic fleece directly onto the bleeding surfaces in patients with post‐cesarean bleeding due to placenta previa is technically unproblematic. The results suggest that this procedure should be considered in case of bleeding after delivery in women with placenta previa.
Intracardiac echogenic focus and trisomy 21 in a population previously evaluated by first‐trimester combined screening
Authors: HUANG SHANG‐YU , SHAW SHENG‐WEN , CHEUH HO‐YEN , CHENG PO‐JEN 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjective. To determine the relation between intracardiac echogenic focus (ICEF) and trisomy 21 in a population of fetuses previously evaluated by first‐trimester combined screening. Design. Prospective study to evaluate the prevalence of trisomy 21 for four groups of pregnancies: those with isolated ICEF, those with ICEF and positive first‐trimester combined screening, those with ICEF and other ultrasound markers, and those with ICEF, positive first‐trimester combined screening and other ultrasound markers. Setting. Teaching hospital. Population. A total of 7,118 fetuses received first‐trimester combined screening and a second‐trimester fetal anatomical scan. Methods. Amniocentesis for karyotyping was offered for those with positive result of first‐trimester combined screening, and for those with the diagnosis of ICEF or other fetal chromosomal aneuploidy ultrasound markers in mid‐trimester detailed fetal anatomical scans. Main outcome measures. The prevalence of trisomy 21 in each group. Results. For the entire study population, 25 trisomy 21 cases were diagnosed prenatally (prevalence, 0.35%). Among fetuses with positive first‐trimester combined screening results, the likelihood ratio of trisomy 21 was significantly increased for those with, as compared to without, ICEF (3.5 vs. 0.80, p = 0.012). However, among fetuses with negative first‐trimester combined screening results, the likelihood ratios of trisomy 21 did not differ significantly between those with and without ICEF. Conclusion. In pregnancies complicated by isolated ICEF but lacking additional anomalies on ultrasonographic examination and exhibiting negative first‐trimester combined screening results, fetal karyotyping is not indicated.
Defective Regulation of CXCR2 Facilitates Neutrophil Release from Bone Marrow Causing Spontaneous Inflammation in Severely NF-κB–Deficient Mice
Authors: von Vietinghoff Sibylle , Asagiri Masataka , Azar David , Hoffmann Alexander , Ley Klaus 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
NF-κB is a major regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils) constitutively express RelA/p65 (Rela), c-Rel (Crel), and p50 (Nfκb1) but not p52 (Nfκb2) subunits. In this paper, we describe Crel−/−Nfκb1−/−Rela+/− mice that have the most severe genetic neutrophil NF-κB deficiency compatible with life, Rela−/− mice being embryonic lethal. Crel−/−Nfκb1−/−Rela+/− mice developed spontaneous dermal and intestinal inflammation associated with chronic neutrophilia, elevated CXCL1, and G-CSF. The bone marrow contained fewer nucleated cells and was enriched in myeloid progenitor cells. Neutrophilia was preserved when Crel−/−Nfκb1−/−Rela+/− bone marrow was transferred into wild-type mice, but mixed bone marrow chimeras receiving wild-type and Crel−/−Nfκb1−/−Rela+/− bone marrow showed normal circulating neutrophil numbers, excluding an intrinsic proliferation advantage. In mixed bone marrow chimeras, Crel−/−Nfκb1−/−Rela+/− neutrophils were preferentially mobilized from the bone marrow in response to CXCL1 injection, LPS-induced lung inflammation, and thioglycollate-induced peritonitis. Crel−/−Nfκb1−/−Rela+/− neutrophils expressed higher levels of the CXCL1 receptor CXCR2 both under resting and stimulated conditions and failed to downregulate CXCR2 during inflammation. Treatment with an anti-CXCR2 Ab abolished preferential mobilization of Crel−/−Nfκb1−/−Rela+/− neutrophils in peritonitis in mixed chimeric mice and neutrophilia in Crel−/−Nfκb1−/−Rela+/− mice. We conclude that severe NF-κB deficiency facilitates neutrophil mobilization, which causes elevated numbers of preactivated neutrophils in blood and tissues, leading to spontaneous inflammation. These neutrophil effects may limit the usefulness of global NF-κB inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Isolation of Cytotoxic T Cell and NK Granules and Purification of Their Effector Proteins
Authors: Thiery Jerome , Walch Michael , Jensen Danielle K. , Martinvalet Denis , Lieberman Judy 
Published: June 2010

AbstractKiller lymphocytes induce apoptosis by the release of cytotoxic mediators from specialized secretory lysosomes, called cytotoxic granules, into the immunological synapse formed with a cell targeted for elimination. Methods are presented here for isolating CTL and NK cell cytotoxic granules using cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation followed by continuous Percoll density gradient fractionation. Protocols are also given for purifying the key cytolytic molecules (perforin, granzyme A, granzyme B, and granulysin) from isolated cytotoxic granules by fast protein liquid chromatography. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 47:3.37.1‐3.37.29. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Hydrogel Substrates with Tunable Mechanical Properties
Authors: Tse Justin R. , Engler Adam J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe modulus of elasticity of the extracellular matrix (ECM), often referred to in a biological context as “stiffness,” naturally varies within the body, e.g., hard bones and soft tissue. Moreover, it has been found to have a profound effect on the behavior of anchorage‐dependent cells. The fabrication of matrix substrates with a defined modulus of elasticity can be a useful technique to study the interactions of cells with their biophysical microenvironment. Matrix substrates composed of polyacrylamide hydrogels have an easily quantifiable elasticity that can be changed by adjusting the relative concentrations of its monomer, acrylamide, and cross‐linker, bis‐acrylamide. In this unit, we detail a protocol for the fabrication of statically compliant and radial‐gradient polyacrylamide hydrogels, as well as the functionalization of these hydrogels with ECM proteins for cell culture. Included as well are suggestions to optimize this protocol to the choice of cell type or stiffness with a table of relative bis‐acrylamide and acrylamide concentrations and expected elasticity after polymerization. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 47:10.16.1‐10.16.16. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using the Ensembl Genome Server to Browse Genomic Sequence Data
Authors: Fernández‐Suárez Xosé M. , Schuster Michael K. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Ensembl project provides a comprehensive source of automatic annotation of the human genome sequence, as well as other species of biomedical interest, with confirmed gene predictions that have been integrated with external data sources. This unit describes how to use the Ensembl genome browser (http://www.ensembl.org/), the public interface of the project. It describes how to find a gene or protein of interest, how to get additional information and external links, and how to use the comparative genomic data. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 30:1.15.1‐1.15.48. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prevention of acute adverse events related to infliximab infusions in pediatric patients
Authors: Lahdenne P. , Wikström A. M. , Aalto K. , Kolho K. L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo study whether premedication with an oral antifebrile agent (acetaminophen) and antihistamine (cetirizine) could decrease the frequency of acute infusion reactions in pediatric patients.MethodsAll pediatric patients scheduled for infliximab infusions at the Helsinki University Central Hospital, a tertiary care center, were prospectively introduced to a standard oral premedication of acetaminophen (20 mg/kg) and cetirizine (10 mg) prior to infliximab infusions for a period of 1 year. All acute adverse events related to infliximab infusions given according to the guidelines of pediatric rheumatologists or gastroenterologists were registered for this time period and retrospectively during the preceding year.ResultsDuring the study period, infliximab infusions with premedication were given to 64 pediatric patients (48 with rheumatic disease and l6 with inflammatory bowel disease, mean age 13 years, n = 34 boys, and n = 30 girls). Infliximab was introduced to 14 children; the rest were on maintenance therapy. Twelve infusion reactions, 4 mild and 8 severe, were observed in 8 (12.5%) of the 64 subjects, and in 1 subject 4 times. During the preceding year, 60 pediatric patients had received infliximab infusions without premedication. In this latter group, infusion reactions occurred in 5 children (8.3%; P > 0.05). The presentation of an acute infusion reaction was not related to the sex or diagnosis of the patient.ConclusionIn pediatric patients, acute infusion reactions related to infliximab could not be prevented with premedication with oral acetaminophen and cetirizine.
The Work Instability Scale for rheumatoid arthritis predicts arthritis‐related work transitions within 12 months
Authors: Tang Kenneth , Beaton Dorcas E. , Gignac Monique A. M. , Lacaille Diane , Zhang Wei , Bombardier Claire 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveAmong people with arthritis, the need for work transitions may signal a risk for more adverse work outcomes in the future, such as permanent work loss. Our aim was to evaluate the ability of the Work Instability Scale for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA‐WIS) to predict arthritis‐related work transitions within a 12‐month period.MethodsWorkers with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis (n = 250) from 3 clinical sites participated in self‐administered surveys that assessed the impact of health on employment at multiple time points over 12 months. Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to assess the ability of the RA‐WIS (range 0–23, where 23 = highest work instability) to predict 4 types of work transition: reductions in work hours, disability leaves of absence, changes in job/occupation, or temporary unemployment, assembled as a composite outcome. Covariates assessed include age, sex, education, marital status, income, pain intensity, disease duration, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCCs) were also assessed to further examine the predictive ability of the RA‐WIS and to determine optimal cut points for predicting specific work transitions.ResultsAfter 12 months, 21.7% (n = 50 of 230) of the participants had indicated at least one arthritis‐related work transition. Higher baseline RA‐WIS was predictive of such an outcome (relative risk [RR] 1.05 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.00–1.11]), particularly at >17 (RR 2.30 [95% CI 1.11–4.77]). The RA‐WIS cut point of >13 was found to be most accurate for prediction (AUROCC 0.68 [95% CI 0.58–0.78]).ConclusionThe RA‐WIS demonstrated the ability to predict arthritis‐related work transitions within a short timeframe, and could be a promising measurement candidate for risk prognostication where work disability outcomes are of concern.
Influence of Molecular Weight on the Performance of Organic Solar Cells Based on a Fluorene Derivative
Authors: Müller Christian , Wang Ergang , Andersson L. Mattias , Tvingstedt Kristofer , Zhou Yi , Andersson Mats R. , Inganäs Olle 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) bulk‐heterojunction blends comprising a liquid‐crystalline fluorene derivative and a small‐molecular fullerene is found to increase asymptotically with the degree of polymerization of the former. Similar to various thermodynamic transition temperatures as well as the light absorbance of the fluorene moiety, the photocurrent extracted from OPV devices is found to strongly vary with increasing oligomer size up to a number average molecular weight, Mn ≈ 10 kg mol−1, but is rendered less chain‐length dependent for higher Mn as the fluorene derivative gradually adopts polymeric behavior.
Job stress and healthy behavior among male Japanese office workers
Authors: Nomura Kyoko , Nakao Mutsuhiro , Tsurugano Shinobu , Takeuchi Takeaki , Inoue Mariko , Shinozaki Yasuko , Yano Eiji 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle modification in healthy workers is challenging. We aim to investigate associations between job stress and healthy behavior change among workers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study investigated 1,183 Japanese male white‐collar workers in 2008 during health checkups for Metabolic Syndrome. Healthy behavior included either a calorie‐focused diet or regular exercise. Job stress was measured by Job Content Questionnaire based on the job demands‐control model and tension‐anxiety and anger‐hostility scales on the Profile of Mood States.ResultsHealthy behaviors were confirmed in 54% of study subjects. Multivariate logistic model showed that healthy behaviors were positively associated with a higher degree of work control and negatively associated with greater work demand. Work control and support were negatively correlated with tension‐anxiety and depression, whereas work demand and strain were positively correlated with these two emotion domains (all P's < 0.0001).ConclusionsIt is suggested that addressing job stress is of clinical importance to promote healthy behaviors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1128–1134, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perceptions of nonhuman primates in human–wildlife conflict scenarios
Authors: Hill Catherine M. , Webber Amanda D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNonhuman primates (referred to as primates in this study) are sometimes revered as gods, abhorred as evil spirits, killed for food because they damage crops, or butchered for sport. Primates' perceived similarity to humans places them in an anomalous position. While some human groups accept the idea that primates “straddle” the human–nonhuman boundary, for others this resemblance is a violation of the human–animal divide. In this study we use two case studies to explore how people's perceptions of primates are often influenced by these animals' apparent similarity to humans, creating expectations, founded within a “human morality” about how primates should interact with people. When animals transgress these social rules, they are measured against the same moral framework as humans. This has implications for how people view and respond to certain kinds of primate behaviors, their willingness to tolerate co‐existence with primates and their likely support for primate conservation initiatives. Am. J. Primatol. 72:919–924, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) with high molar mass using high purity industrial monomer
Authors: Jia Xu , Zhang Yuejun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractA preparation method for high molar mass poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PDMDAAC) is reported in this article. PDMDAAC was prepared by using the high purity industrial grade dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) monomer from one‐step method and ammonium persulphate (APS) as the initiator. The initiator was added all at once and the reaction temperature was increased stepwise to complete the polymerization gradually. The effects of several polymerization condition variables on the intrinsic viscosity value ([η]) and monomer conversion rate (Conv.) of product PDMDAAC were investigated, respectively. The variables included: T1 (42.0 to 52.0°C), T2 (47.5 to 57.5°C), T3 (55.0 to 75.0°C), m(DMDAAC) (60.0 to 70.0%), m(APS) : m(DMDAAC) (0.25 to 0.45%), m(Na4EDTA) : m(DMDAAC) (0 to 0.0071%). Under an optimum condition of T1 = 46.0°C, T2 = 52.5°C, T3 = 65.0°C, m(DMDAAC) = 65.0%, m(APS) : m(DMDAAC) = 0.35%, m(Na4EDTA) : m(DMDAAC) = 0.0035%, the maximum [η] of obtained product PDMDAAC reached 3.43 dL/g, at a Conv. of 100.00%. The Mw of the product measured with GPC‐MALLS was 1.034 × 106, polydespersity Mw/Mn was 2.421, and the Rg was 60.3 nm. The structure and properties of products were characterized by FTIR and NMR. Thermal decomposition was determined by TGA‐DSC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Discarding the ‘basic science/applied science’ dichotomy: A knowledge utilization triangle classification system of research journals
Authors: Tijssen Robert J.W. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper introduces a comprehensive system for classifying scholarly journals according to their degree of ‘application orientation.’ The method extends earlier models and journal classification systems that were designed to tackle the crude duality between ‘basic research’ and ‘applied research.’ This metrics‐based system rests on a ‘Knowledge Utilization Triangle’ typology, which distinguishes three types of coexisting knowledge application domains: ‘clinical,’ ‘industrial,’ and ‘civic.’ The empirical data relate to the institutional origin of authors who publish their research papers in the scientific journal literature. The case study applies indicators of ‘clinical relevance’ and ‘industrial relevance’ to 11,000 journals indexed by the Web of Science (WoS) database. The resulting multidimensional classification system of journals comprises six Journal Application Domain (JAD) categories. Macro‐level trend analysis of the WoS‐indexed research publication output by JAD category reveals redistributions within global science during the years 1999–2008, with a slight increase of output published in ‘industrially relevant’ journals.
Can the impact of scholarly images be assessed online? An exploratory study using image identification technology
Authors: Kousha Kayvan , Thelwall Mike , Rezaie Somayeh 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe web contains a huge number of digital pictures. For scholars publishing such images it is important to know how well used their images are, but no method seems to have been developed for monitoring the value of academic images. In particular, can the impact of scientific or artistic images be assessed through identifying images copied or reused on the Internet? This article explores a case study of 260 NASA images to investigate whether the TinEye search engine could theoretically help to provide this information. The results show that the selected pictures had a median of 11 online copies each. However, a classification of 210 of these copies reveals that only 1.4% were explicitly used in academic publications, reflecting research impact, and the majority of the NASA pictures were used for informal scholarly (or educational) communication (37%). Additional analyses of world famous paintings and scientific images about pathology and molecular structures suggest that image contents are important for the type and extent of image use. Although it is reasonable to use statistics derived from TinEye for assessing image reuse value, the extent of its image indexing is not known.
The association between exposure determined by radiofrequency personal exposimeters and human exposure: A simulation study
Authors: Neubauer Georg , Cecil Stefan , Giczi Wolfram , Petric Benjamin , Preiner Patrick , Fröhlich Jürg , Röösli Martin 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe selection of an adequate exposure assessment approach is imperative for the quality of epidemiological studies. The use of personal exposimeters turned out to be a reasonable approach to determine exposure profiles, however, certain limitations regarding the absolute values delivered by the devices have to be considered. Apart from the limited dynamic range, it has to be taken into account that these devices give only an approximation of the exposure due to the influence of the body of the person carrying the exposimeter, the receiver characteristics of the exposimeter, as well as the dependence of the measured value on frequency band, channel, slot configuration, and communication traffic. In this study, the relationship between the field strength measured close to the human body at the location of the exposimeter and the exposure, that is, the field strength at the location of the human body without the human body present, is investigated by numerical means using the Visible Human model as an anatomical phantom. Two different scenarios were chosen: (1) For FM, GSM, and UMTS an urban outdoor scenario was examined that included a transmitting antenna mounted on the roof of one of four buildings at a street crossing, (2) For WLAN an indoor scenario was investigated. For GSM the average degree of underestimation by the exposimeter (relation of the average field levels at the location of the exposimeter to the field level averaged over the volume of the human body without the body present) was 0.76, and for UMTS 0.87; for FM no underestimation was found, the ratio was 1. In the case of WLAN the degree of underestimation was more pronounced, the ratio was 0.64. This study clearly suggests that a careful evaluation of correction factors for different scenarios is needed prior to the definition of the study protocol. It has to be noted that the reference scenario used in this study does not allow for final conclusions on general correction factors. Bioelectromagnetics 31:535–545, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Verbundverhalten von vorgespannten Litzen in UHPC
Authors: Hegger Josef , Bertram Guido 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUltra‐Hochfester Beton (UHPC = Ultra‐High Performance Concrete) ist hervorragend geeignet für vorgespannte Bauteile. Um eine sichere und dennoch wirtschaftliche Bemessung von vorgespannten Trägern mit sofortigem Verbund vornehmen zu können, muss das Verankerungsverhalten der Litzen bekannt sein. Die hohen Verbundfestigkeiten führen zu kurzen Übertragungslängen und verbessern dadurch die Querkrafttragfähigkeit. Bei Vorspannung mit sofortigem Verbund ist eine Mindestbetondeckung entscheidend, um Längsrisse im Verankerungsbereich zu vermeiden, die einen erheblichen Verlust an Verbundfestigkeit und im Extremfall ein Verankerungsversagen zur Folge haben.In diesem Beitrag, der im Rahmen des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Schwerpunktprogramms SPP 1182 entstand, werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse zum Verbundverhalten von Litzen in UHPC vorgestellt. Teil 1 behandelt die experimentellen Untersuchungen und Teil 2 die Herleitung eines Verbundmodells zur Berechnung der Übertragungslänge.Bond Behavior of prestressed Strands in UHPC. Part 1: Tests on Bond Strength and Transfer LengthUltra‐High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is an appropriate construction material for pretensioned girders. To ensure an economic and safe design a detailed knowledge of the behavior of pretensioned strands in the anchorage zone is essential. The dimension of the bond anchorage zone favors the cost‐effective design of pretensioned girders, especially when the shear resistance is decisive. However, a minimum concrete cover has to be maintained to avoid splitting cracks in the transmission zone, since they lead to an uncontrolled increase in transfer length and may cause a premature anchorage failure.This paper, which resulted from the priority program SPP 1182 funded by the German Research Foundation, presents the results of investigations on the bond behavior of strands in UHPC. Part 1 deals with the experimental investigations and in part 2 a bond model is derived to design the transfer length.