bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human newborns match tongue protrusion of disembodied human and robotic mouths
Authors: Soussignan Robert , Courtial Alexis , Canet Pierre , Danon‐Apter Gisèle , Nadel Jacqueline 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNo evidence had been provided so far of newborns’ capacity to give a matching response to 2D stimuli. We report evidence from 18 newborns who were presented with three types of stimuli on a 2D screen. The stimuli were video‐recorded displays of tongue protrusion shown by: (a) a human face, (b) a human tongue from a disembodied mouth, and (c) an artificial tongue from a robotic mouth. Compared to a baseline condition, neonates increased significantly their tongue protrusion when seeing disembodied human and artificial tongue movements, but not when seeing a 2D full‐face protruding tongue. This result was interpreted as revealing the exploration of top‐heavy patterns of the 2D face that distracted infants’ attention from the tongue. Results also showed progressively more accurate matching (full tongue protrusion) throughout repeated exposure to each kind of stimulus. Such findings are not in line with the predictions of the innate releasing mechanism (IRM) model or of the oral exploration hypothesis. They support the active intermodal mapping (AIM) hypothesis that emphasizes not only the importance of repeated experience, as would the associative sequence learning (ASL) hypothesis, but also predicts a differential learning and progressive correction of the response adapted to each stimulus.
The Economics of Superannuation
Authors: Rodger A. S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to draw together some of the main economic issues relating to superannuation and retirement income arrangements more generally. The article is essentially descriptive, not prescriptive nor particularly analytical. It begins with an explanation of community objectives and moves on to canvass the criteria for government intervention. The main part of the article discusses the economic issues of savings, labour supply, financing and redistribution. This is followed by a brief review of the problems and prospects for Australian arrangements. The article finishes with a tentative conclusion about the main economic issues and themes that might attract debate and stimulate research.
Later Wittgenstein and the Problem of Easy Knowledge
Authors: Scheall Scott 
Published: August 2010

AbstractConsider the following epistemological principle:
KR: A knowledge source K can yield knowledge for subject S only if S knows K is reliable.
Traditional epistemologists face a dilemma: either reject KR and confront what Stewart Cohen calls “the Problem of Easy Knowledge” or embrace KR and deny that unreflective beings can possess knowledge. In order to avoid this dilemma, an epistemological theory must allow for knowledge on the part of unreflective beings without falling prey to the problem of easy knowledge. I argue that the epistemology of the dying Wittgenstein, presented posthumously in On Certainty, avoids the dilemma.
Limitations in Research on Human Trafficking*
Authors: Tyldum Guri 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this article I point to some common pitfalls and particular challenges in research on human trafficking. I start out by presenting some of the challenges in identifying observable populations and behaviours, arguing that primary data collection in the trafficking field should focus on former victims, and not current victims or persons at risk. Thereafter I discuss some of the factors that have inhibited the development and use of explicit operational definitions of trafficking. Third, I present some of the challenges in identification of trafficking victims, when the victims themselves do not want to identify with the trafficking label. Finally, the usefulness of different research strategies in the trafficking fields for the current knowledge‐needs is discussed.The article concludes that there will always be some limitations and biases in empirical research in the trafficking field. However, as long as we acknowledge these limitations and make them explicit in our research, sound empirical research that enhances our knowledge in this field is possible. The best potential for good quality research lies in small‐scale, thematically focused empirical studies, while attempts to describe worldwide trafficking across regions and arenas is less likely to be successful.
In vitro and in vivo efficacy of sulfo‐carrabiose, a sugar‐based cosmetic ingredient with anti‐cellulite properties
Authors: Vogelgesang B. , Bonnet I. , Godard N. , Sohm B. , Perrier E. 
Published: August 2010

SynopsisMost of adult women exhibit cellulite on the hips, buttock and thighs. Although extracellular matrix and lymphatic system disorders can increase its appearance, cellulite basically results from an excessive fat storage in the adipose tissue which exerts considerable pressure on the surrounding skin tissue and creates a dimpled irregular appearance. Caffeine, the most widely used anti‐cellulite ingredient, favours fat break‐down by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase enzyme and encouraging a high intracellular level of cAMP. A series of studies has shown that spermine and spermidine, two ubiquitous polyamines, encouraged fat storage and slowed fat break‐down in the adipose tissue. Besides, it was shown that heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans had a strong affinity for polyamines. To design a new cosmetic ingredient with anti‐cellulite properties, we used molecular modelling to screen several ingredients with a structure similar to that of heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. This way, we identified sulfo‐carrabiose as a potent molecule for trapping spermine and spermidine. These virtual results were first confirmed in tubo where sulfo‐carrabiose was shown to dose‐dependently inactivate spermine and spermidine. In vitro, adipocytes cultured with sulfo‐carrabiose exhibited a significant reduction of lipogenesis and a significant increase of lipolysis. When sulfo‐carrabiose was incorporated in a cosmetic formula, significant improvements were observed in thigh circumference, with better results than those obtained with caffeine after 28 days of use. Furthermore, a combination of caffeine and sulfo‐carrabiose led to results significantly better than those obtained with caffeine alone. As measured by fringe projection, thigh volume was also significantly reduced after sulfo‐carrabiose treatment. Finally, the appearance of cellulite assessed by clinical evaluation was also significantly reduced within 28 days.
Quantitative morphometry of the orbit in Chinese adults based on a three‐dimensional reconstruction method
Authors: Ji Yongrong , Qian Zanqun , Dong Yang , Zhou Huifang , Fan Xianqun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique serves as a practical tool in diagnosis, surgical planning, and outcome prediction of plastic and reconstructive surgery. In our study, the morphologic features of the Chinese adult orbit were described by 11 anatomic parameters using a 3D reconstruction technique. Sixty‐four Chinese adults were selected randomly from patients who had undergone craniofacial computed tomography (CT) scans to diagnose conditions other than craniofacial or orbital deformations. The morphologic parameters of orbit such as bony orbital volume, orbital foramen area and orbital rim perimeter were measured on 3D models using this technique. Differences between the two orbits and between the two sexes were investigated. The method of measurement showed high reproducibility of results. No difference between the two orbits was found. There were significant differences between men and women in all anatomic parameters other than orbital height. In men and women, respectively, mean bony orbital volume was 26.02 and 23.32 mL, mean orbital foramen area 11.80 and 11.10 cm2, mean orbital rim perimeter 12.65 and 12.20 cm, mean orbital height 33.35 and 33.22 mm, mean orbital width 40.02 and 38.00 mm; mean orbital floor length 47.93 and 46.18 mm, mean orbital roof length 52.93 and 50.89 mm, mean medial orbital wall length 46.43 and 44.41 mm, mean lateral orbital wall length 48.38 and 46.91 mm, mean intraorbital distance 27.18 and 25.11 mm, mean extra‐orbital distance 98.77 and 93.69 mm. It is concluded that the measurements of these orbital parameters could be obtained from a 3D reconstruction method. The two orbits were symmetric based on orbital volume and other anatomic parameters. Orbital size was significantly smaller in women than in men; orbital height, however, was similar. The findings of the present study allow for quantification of the orbital features of Chinese adults and provide parameters for preoperative planning and prediction of postoperative outcome.
Executive function and theory of mind in school‐aged children after neonatal corrective cardiac surgery for transposition of the great arteries
Authors: CALDERON JOHANNA , BONNET DAMIEN , COURTIN CYRIL , CONCORDET SUSAN , PLUMET MARIE‐HELENE , ANGEARD NATHALIE 
Published: August 2010

Aim  Cardiac malformations resulting in cyanosis, such as transposition of the great arteries (TGA), have been associated with neurodevelopmental dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to assess, for the first time, theory of mind (ToM), which is a key component of social cognition and executive functions in school‐aged children with TGA.Method  Twenty‐one children (14 males, seven females; mean age 7y 4mo; SD 3mo) who underwent neonatal open‐heart surgery for TGA using full‐flow cardiopulmonary bypass were compared with 21 typically developing age‐matched children (12 males, nine females; mean age 7y 6mo; SD 3.8mo) using different neuropsychological measures specifically designed to assess executive function (cognitive and response inhibition, verbal and spatial working memory, and planning). They were also given two ToM tasks (first‐ and second‐order false belief understanding).Results  General IQ was within the normal range in both the TGA group and the comparison group (mean IQ 113 [SD 9.3] and 118 [SD 10.1] respectively), but performance on all executive functions and on ToM (first and second level) was significantly lower in the TGA group (p values of 0.02, 0.01, and 0.004 respectively). A discriminant multivariate analysis provided evidence for cognitive and behavioural inhibition as well as performance on false belief tasks as being the most important contributors to the differentiation between the groups (p=0.03).Interpretation  Children with TGA demonstrate great difficulties in exerting cognitive and behavioural inhibition. They also present specific deficits in false belief understanding, which were related to immature executive abilities.
Role of adenosine and wake‐promoting basal forebrain in insomnia and associated sleep disruptions caused by ethanol dependence
Authors: Sharma Rishi , Engemann Samuel , Sahota Pradeep , Thakkar Mahesh M. 
Published: August 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)115, 782–794.AbstractInsomnia is a severe symptom of alcohol withdrawal; however, the underlying neuronal mechanism is yet unknown. We hypothesized that chronic ethanol exposure will impair basal forebrain (BF) adenosinergic mechanism resulting in insomnia‐like symptoms. We performed a series of experiments in Sprague–Dawley rats to test our hypothesis. We used Majchrowicz’s chronic binge ethanol protocol to induce ethanol dependency. Our first experiment verified the effects of ethanol withdrawal on sleep–wakefulness. Significant increase in wakefulness was observed during ethanol withdrawal. Next, we examined c‐Fosexpression (marker of neuronal activation) in BF wake‐promoting neurons during ethanol withdrawal. There was a significant increase in the number of BF wake‐promoting neurons with c‐Fosimmunoreactivity. Our third experiment examined the effects of ethanol withdrawal on sleep deprivation induced increase in BF adenosine levels. Sleep deprivation did not increase BF adenosine levels in ethanol dependent rats. Our last experiment examined the effects of ethanol withdrawal on equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and A1 receptor expression in the BF. There was a significant reduction in A1 receptor and equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 expression in the BF of ethanol dependent rats. Based on these results, we suggest that insomnia observed during ethanol withdrawal is caused because of impaired adenosinergic mechanism in the BF.
Marginal Abatement Cost Curves for UK Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Moran Dominic , Macleod Michael , Wall Eileen , Eory Vera , McVittie Alistair , Barnes Andrew , Rees Robert , Topp Cairistiona F. E. , Moxey Andrew 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis article addresses the challenge of developing a ‘bottom‐up’ marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from UK agriculture. An MACC illustrates the costs of specific crop, soil and livestock abatement measures against a ‘business as usual’ scenario. The results indicate that in 2022 under a specific policy scenario, around 5.38 Mt CO2 equivalent (e) could be abated at negative or zero cost. A further 17% of agricultural GHG emissions (7.85 Mt CO2e) could be abated at a lower unit cost than the UK Government’s 2022 shadow price of carbon [£34 (tCO2e)−1]. The article discusses a range of methodological hurdles that complicate cost‐effectiveness appraisal of abatement in agriculture relative to other sectors.
What is the Role of Dependence‐Related Behavior in Medication‐Overuse Headache?
Authors: Radat Françoise , Lanteri‐Minet Michel 
Published: August 2010

(Headache 2010;50:1597‐1611)Medication‐overuse headache (MOH) can be viewed as an interaction between the worsening of the primary headache course and individual predispositions for dependence. We present here a review of the clinical and biological data raising the role of dependence‐related behavior in MOH. Indeed, several clinical studies show that acute headache medications containing psychoactive components (barbiturates, opiates) are associated with an increased risk of MOH. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition substance dependence criteria were identified in a sub‐group of MOH patients. Comorbidity between MOH and substance‐related disorders has also been showed. Recent neuroimaging, biological, and pharmacogenetic studies suggest the existence of an overlap between the pathophysiological mechanisms of MOH and those of substance‐related disorders. These data support the proposition of separating 2 sets of MOH patients: the first one in which the illness is mainly due to the worsening of the headache course, and the second one in which behavioral issues are a major determinant of the illness. Detection of a psychological dependence component in a sub‐group of MOH patients should have direct relevance to disease management.
Cardiovascular and demographic characteristics in whole blood and plasma donors: results from the Donor InSight study
Authors: Atsma Femke , Veldhuizen Ingrid , de Vegt Femmie , Doggen Carine , de Kort Wim 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: Within blood establishments little comparative information is available about donors versus the general population. In this study, a description of the donor pool was made in terms of demographic factors and cardiovascular risk factors. The general Dutch population was used as a reference group.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The Donor InSight study provided information on donors. Extensive information has been gathered by a self‐administered questionnaire addressing various topics, like demographics, lifestyle, and health. Aggregated donor responses were compared with general population summary data.RESULTS: The study population consisted of 15,076 donors. The median age was 46.3 years and 47.3% were men. Donors were more likely to be highly educated (34.6%), married (71.7%), and of Dutch origin (97.4%), when compared to the general population. Donors were less often smokers (donors, 17.1%; general population, 31.8%), more often moderate drinkers (donors, 82.8%; general population, 74.7%), and physically more active (donors, 2.0 hr/week; general population, 1.0 hr/week). Male donors were more often moderately overweight (47.7%) than men from the general population (39.9%). In donors, 0.9% reported to have Type 2 diabetes versus 1.9% in the general population. In donors, 3.4% reported high cholesterol versus 4.6% in the general population.CONCLUSION: The study provided important knowledge about demographic distributions and cardiovascular risk factors within donors. A proper understanding of demographic characteristics of donors will help us to focus recruitment and retention strategies. The reported beneficial cardiovascular profile suggests a need for further research on the role of blood donation in cardiovascular risk reduction.
Activation and regulation of store‐operated calcium entry
Authors: Smyth Jeremy T. , Hwang Sung‐Yong , Tomita Takuro , DeHaven Wayne I. , Mercer Jason C. , Putney James W. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract

Introduction
I
CRAC
Orais
STIM1
STIM2
STIM1, STIM2 and Ca2+ oscillations
TRPCs and SOCE
Conclusions

The process of store‐operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), whereby Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane is activated in response to depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has been under investigation for greater than 25 years; however, only in the past 5 years have we come to understand this mechanism at the molecular level. A surge of recent experimentation indicates that STIM molecules function as Ca2+ sensors within the ER that, upon Ca2+ store depletion, rearrange to sites very near to the plasma membrane. At these plasma membrane‐ER junctions, STIM interacts with and activates SOCE channels of the Orai family. The molecular and biophysical data that have led to these findings are discussed in this review, as are several controversies within this rapidly expanding field.
Modulation of metallothionein isoforms is associated with collagen deposition in proliferating keloid fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Toh Pearl P.‐C. , Li Jasmine J. , Yip George W.‐C. , Lo Soo‐Ling , Guo Chun‐Hua , Phan Toan‐Thang , Bay Boon‐Huat 
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Modulation of metallothionein isoforms is associated with collagen deposition in proliferating keloid fibroblasts in vitro. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 987–993.Abstract:  The keloid fibroblast (KF) is known to have higher proliferative capacity than normal dermal fibroblast (NF). Metallothionein (MT), a metal‐binding protein, has been reported to promote cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated the expression of MT isoforms at the mRNA level in fetal bovine serum (FBS)‐stimulated proliferating KF. Although the morphological appearance of NF and KF was similar when viewed under light, confocal and transmission electron microscopy, there was surprisingly a generally lower expression of MT isoforms in KF when compared with NF and also reduced MT staining in dermal fibroblasts of keloids as opposed to normal skin. Primary cultures of KF grown in 5% FBS or 10% FBS compared to without FBS demonstrated significantly higher proliferative activity and more abundant deposition of collagen. Contrary to expectation, MT‐1A, ‐1F, ‐1G, ‐1X and ‐2A isoforms were significantly down‐regulated in proliferating KF. Moreover, stimulating KF with TGF β1, which is known to promote collagen synthesis and keloid formation, increased expression of Collagen 1A and 3A genes accompanied by reduction in MT‐2A gene expression. Furthermore, down‐regulation of the MT‐2A gene in proliferating KF by siRNA‐mediated silencing enhanced cell proliferation with concomitant up‐regulation of the NF‐κB gene and 10 of 13 other NF‐κB pathway–related genes analysed but no alteration of the Collagen 1 and Collagen 3 gene expression. It would appear that down‐regulation of MT isoforms in proliferating KF, in particular MT‐2A, enhances keloidogenesis with the possible involvement of the NF‐κB signalling pathway.
Human umbilical cord blood cells form epidermis in the skin equivalent model
Authors: Mortier Laurent , Delesalle Franck , Formstecher Pierre , Polakowska Renata 
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Human umbilical cord blood cells form epidermis in the skin equivalent model. Experimental Dermatology 2010.Abstract:  Recently, human embryonic stem cells have been differentiated in vitro into functional epidermal keratinocytes. Here, we demonstrated that these cells can be generated also from non‐embryonic, human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) cells that have the potential to differentiate into cells of non‐hematopoietic lineage. Human UCB mono‐nucleated cells were cultivated in monolayer and in three‐dimensional skin equivalent cultures and assayed for the presence of phenotype‐specific markers. Our results determined that after one month of culturing in serum containing medium, the hUCB cells produced morphologically homogeneous colonies of epithelial cells expressing keratinocyte‐specific markers. They also formed stratified epidermis in organ cultures that contained sporadic CD1a‐positive cells within the accurate strata. We concluded that hUCB cells have the capacity to differentiate into functional epidermal keratinocytes and may serve as a source of high‐quality keratinocytes for clinical applications.
Lysyl Oxidase silencing impairs keratinocyte differentiation in a reconstructed‐epidermis model
Authors: Le Provost Gabrielle S. , Debret Romain , Cenizo Valérie , Aimond Géraldine , Pez Floriane , Kaniewski Bastien , André Valérie , Sommer Pascal 
Published: August 2010

Please cite this paper as: Lysyl Oxidase silencing impairs keratinocyte differentiation in a reconstructed‐epidermis model. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 1080–1087.Abstract:  Lysyl Oxidase (LOX) is an extracellular enzyme involved in the maturation of connective tissues. It also acts in many cell types as a regulator of cell behaviour and phenotype through intracellular signalling pathways. Recently, LOX was shown to be present in human epidermis where its precise functions remain unclear. We showed here that in confluent monolayer cultures of normal human keratinocytes (KCs) and N/TERT‐1‐immortalized KCs, LOX expression was induced during the first differentiation steps. Moreover, the silencing of LOX by stable RNA interference disrupted the expression of early differentiation markers. In a reconstructed‐epidermis model, LOX silencing did not impair the stratification process nor the formation of the first differentiated layers. However, terminal differentiation was strongly impaired, as shown by a decreased expression of late differentiation proteins and by the absence of stratum corneum. Nonetheless, inhibition of LOX enzymatic activity by β‐aminopropionitrile did not affect the differentiation process. Therefore, LOX protein acts during the first steps of KC differentiation and is important for subsequent commitment into terminal differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that a finely regulated expression of LOX is necessary for normal KC differentiation and thus for maintenance of epidermal homeostasis.