bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recipients' of implanted cardioverter‐defibrillators actual and perceived adaptation: a review of the literature
Authors: Zayac Susan , Finch Nancy 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose: To identify qualitative studies that have examined actual and perceived adaptation of patients to an implanted cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD). The question explored was do recipients of ICDs experience real or perceived physical or psychological adaptation distress? Do themes expressed indicate a need for intervention that will facilitate postimplantation adjustment?Data sources: A systematic search of the scientific literature uncovered 153 studies of which 12 met the following inclusion criteria: qualitative English research of psychological adaptation to the implantable defibrillator or qualitative research literature reviews. Exclusion criteria included unpublished studies, studies involving cardiac pacemaker devices without defibrillator, and quantitative research studies.Conclusion: Multiple themes pertaining to adjustment to ICD therapy were identified, which warrants further study for potential therapeutic interventions. Themes identified by ICD recipients and their partners include perception of fear, anxiety, and dependence, and the desire for enhanced support and information. Increasing awareness of the complex adaptation issues related to ICD implantation should be a priority of primary care clinicians who provide follow‐up care for these patients.Implications for Practice: ICD recipients have reported multiple physical and psychological adjustment issues that require further study to determine gravity and duration. Clinicians must be familiar with adjustment difficulty expressed by ICD recipients in order to facilitate appropriate tailored interventions. The findings of this literature review emphasize a need for support groups for ICD recipients and their partners; behavioral and sexual counseling; continued education after discharge; and a supportive healthcare provider who is knowledgeable in device adjustment issues. The research indicates a need for a post‐ICD implantation plan, and data are available for the design testing of tailored interventions.
Job satisfaction as self‐care within a restrictive regulatory environment: Nevada's study
Authors: Dunaway Linda J. , Running Alice 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurpose: Of western states, Nevada has experienced the greatest population growth and healthcare provider shortage, yet regulations remain restrictive and there are scarce published research data for nurse practitioner (NP) characteristics and none for job satisfaction. We viewed job satisfaction as reflective of professional self‐care based on Herzberg's job satisfaction theory and Orem's self‐care nursing theory.Data sources: Surveys were mailed to 512 advanced practice nurses; only NPs were asked to respond.Conclusions: The eligible NP sample was 315, or 61.5% of the total advanced nursing population. The sample was racially diverse, with a high male population. Job satisfaction was just over midway between “minimally satisfied” to “satisfied,” with the highest satisfaction in “challenge/autonomy” and the lowest in “professional growth.” Income was positively correlated with satisfaction for northern NPs earning less income and working fewer hours; bonuses were positively correlated for all. Those interested in higher education (e.g., doctorate) were younger, less experienced, part‐time, professional members, and urban (south).Implications for practice: Findings provide insight for maximizing professional self‐care, particularly in areas of professional growth. Job satisfaction data assist leaders in maximizing the role for improving patient access to care, particularly in states with restrictive regulations.
Personal and social determinants of health services utilization by Mexican older people
Authors: De Córdova Maria Isabel Peñarrieta , Mier Nelda , Curi Ethel Jannet Mercado , Gómez Tranquilina Gutiérrez , Quirarte Nora Hilda Gonzales , Barrios Florabel Flores 
Published: October 2009

de córdova m.i.p., mier n., curi e.j.m., gómez t.g., quirarte n.h.g. & barrios f.f. (2009) Personal and social determinants of health services utilization by Mexican older people. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 193–201 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2009.00193.xBackground.  Increased healthcare needs among older individuals around the world demands a better understanding of factors influencing healthcare service utilization patterns.Objective.  To examine personal and social correlates to health services utilization among Mexican older persons.Design and methods.  This was a cross‐sectional study conducted between 2004 and 2006 with 2030 Mexican adults 60 years and older and based on a health services utilization framework. A two‐stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size was used. Participants were randomly selected and recruited in four metropolitan areas in Northeastern Mexico. Chi‐square and Pearson’s chi‐squared tests and logistic regression were used for data analyses.Results.  Significantly more women than men had lost a spouse and were illiterate. Also, females reported significantly poorer health, higher nutritional risk and lower ability to perform activities of daily and instrumental living than males. Predictors of healthcare utilization were: Having a caregiver during an illness; perceiving to have a health problem; being able to afford food, and having children.Conclusions.  Predisposing, enabling and need factors are strong predictors of health services utilization among Mexican older persons. In addition, gender differences exist among this population in relation to health status, but not to health services demands.
‘Alone with my pain – it can’t be explained, it has to be experienced’. A Norwegian in‐depth interview study of pain in nursing home residents
Authors: Gran Siv Venke , Festvåg Line S. , Landmark Bjørg Th 
Published: October 2009

gran s.v., festvåg l.s. & Landmark b.t. (2009) ‘Alone with my pain – it can’t be explained, it has to be experienced’. A Norwegian in‐depth interview study of pain in nursing home residents. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 25–33 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2009.00195.xBackground.  Nursing home residents often have pain as their everyday experiences and experience pain in silence.Objectives.  The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of how nursing home residents experienced pain and how it influenced their lives and daily living.Design.  The present study applied a descriptive design. Fifteen residents from nursing homes were recruited among the participants in a larger quantitative study who reported having pain.Methods.  A qualitative method using in‐depth interviews was used. The data were analysed applying Kvale’s method of interpretive analysis.Results.  Two dimensions of pain were identified: physical pain and pain as suffering. These are described in relation to factors that influence the intensity and the consequences of pain experiences.Conclusions.  Physical pain may be relieved by various means of pain management. The residents experienced pain as suffering because pain management was not timely, inappropriate, or insufficient and also because of the nature of their social situation in nursing homes.Relevance to clinical practice.  Caregivers in nursing homes need to understand how it feels for residents to live with pain, to be interested in and aware of their needs and finally to know how to respond to their pain and suffering.
Clinical efficacy and safety of a once‐daily formulation of carbimazole in cats with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Frénais R. , Rosenberg D. , Burgaud S. , Horspool L. J. I. 
Published: October 2009

Objective:Evaluation of efficacy and safety of a novel controlled‐release formulation of carbimazole in feline hyperthyroidism.Methods:A multicentre, self‐controlled study in 44 client‐owned cats with history and clinical signs of hyperthyroidism, and total thyroxine concentration greater than or equal to 50 nmol/l. Treatment was started at 15 mg once daily, response assessed after 10 days, and 3, 5, 8, 26 and 53 weeks and dose adjusted as required.Results:The median dose of carbimazole was 10 mg (range 10 to 15 mg) and 15 mg (5 to 25 mg) once daily after 3 and 53 weeks, respectively. Median total thyroxine concentration dropped significantly from 118 nmol/l (50 to 320 nmol/l) at presentation to 33 nmol/l (n=40) after 10 days, 31 nmol/l (n=34) at 3 weeks and 21 nmol/l (n=18) at 53 weeks. Clinical signs improved or resolved in almost all cats within three weeks after starting treatment. Twenty‐one adverse reactions possibly (20) or probably (1) related to treatment were reported. During treatment, increased blood urea nitrogen concentration was observed in 25 per cent of the cats, eosinophilia in 20 per cent and lymphopenia in 16 per cent, while liver enzymes tended to improve.ClinicalSignificance:Once daily administration of controlled‐release carbimazole tablets was effective and had expected tolerance in hyperthyroid cats during short‐ and long‐term treatment.
Hemilaminectomy and vertebral stabilisation for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc protrusion in 28 dogs
Authors: Downes C. J. , Gemmill T. J. , Gibbons S. E. , McKee W. M. 
Published: October 2009

Objectives:To evaluate the results of hemilaminectomy and vertebral stabilisation (+/− annulectomy) for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc protrusion.Methods:The medical records of dogs with thoracolumbar annular protrusions treated by hemilaminectomy and vertebral stabilisation were reviewed. Neurological function was assessed 24 hours following surgery. Long‐term follow‐up was by clinical examination or telephone questionnaire.Results:Twenty‐eight dogs fulfilled the criteria. Age ranged from 4 to 12·5 years (median 8 years, mean 7·7 years), bodyweight from 5·1 to 51·5 kg (median 28 kg, mean 27·1 kg), and duration of neurological signs before presentation from 48 hours to 104 weeks (median 5 weeks, mean 9·3 weeks). At presentation 22 dogs were ambulatory and six were non‐ambulatory. Myelography and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified 31 thoracolumbar protrusions causing spinal cord compression. Unilateral hemilaminectomy was performed in 27 dogs and bilateral hemilaminectomy in one dog. Partial annulectomy was performed in 24 of 31 protrusions. Stabilisation was performed using vertebral body bone plates in 26 dogs and vertebral body screws and bone cement in two dogs. Internal vertebral venous plexus haemorrhage was recorded in nine dogs. A screw was inadvertently placed into an intervertebral disc in two dogs. Neurological examination 24 hours postoperatively revealed deterioration in pelvic limb motor function in 17 dogs. One dog was euthanatised at the owner’s request 6 days after surgery. Long‐term evaluation of 24 cases was performed 3 to 52 months following surgery (median 21 months, mean 23·9 months). Six dogs had improved from their preoperative status and one had deteriorated as assessed by the authors. Fifteen dogs had improved from their preoperative status and two were unchanged as assessed by owners.ClinicalSignificance:Hemilaminectomy and vertebral stabilisation are an effective treatment for chronic spinal cord compression due to thoracolumbar annular protrusion in dogs. A temporary deterioration in neurological function is not uncommon following surgery. Internal vertebral plexus haemorrhage and inappropriate vertebral body screw placement are potential complications.
Use of Modified Live Vaccines in Aquaculture
Authors: Shoemaker Craig A. , Klesius Phillip H. , Evans Joyce J. , Arias Covadonga R. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVaccination is an important disease management strategy used to maintain human and animal health worldwide. Vaccines developed for aquaculture have reduced antibiotic use in fish production. Original fish vaccines were bacterins (formalin‐killed bacteria) delivered through immersion or injection that induced humoral (antibody) immunity. Next generation vaccines relied on multiple killed antigens delivered with an adjuvant to enhance vaccine effectiveness. Work in the 1990s showed the use of various strategies to develop modified live vaccines for use in fish. A modified live vaccine is a live pathogen that has been rendered non‐pathogenic or avirulent by physical, chemical, or genetic engineering methods. The modified live vaccine typically retains its ability to infect the host which allows for effective presentation of protective antigens to generate cellular immunity (CD4 or CD8 T‐cell responses). Modified live vaccines are advantageous in that they can be easily delivered (i.e., by immersion to young fish) and stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity of long duration. Disadvantages include issues with modified live vaccine safety to the host and environment. A successful modified live vaccine for use in warm water aquaculture is used to highlight the live vaccine strategy.
Interaction of Phytochemical‐Quercetin with the Other Antioxidant, Ascorbic Acid and their Protective Effect in Tilapia after Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: De Oca Gustavo A. Rodriguez‐Montes , Dabrowski Konrad , Park Kwan , Lee Kyeong‐Jun , Abiado Mary Ann 
Published: October 2009

AbstractSemi‐purified, casein‐gelatin‐based diets were prepared and supplemented with quercetin (Q) and/ or ascorbic acid (AA): control diet C–Q–(100 mg/kg AA), diet C –Q+ (100 mg/kg AA + quercetin 10 g/kg), diet C +Q– (1000 mg/kg AA), and diet C +Q+ (1000 mg/kg AA + quercetin 10 g/kg). These diets were fed to tilapia for 19 wk and then fish were divided into controls and ultraviolet (UV) treatments. Fish were exposed to UV radiation. Control groups were protected with a MYLAR®polyester film and plexiglass. At week 20, the same fish were re‐exposed to UV radiation. Control groups of fish were protected by a double layer of MYLAR®and the UV groups were exposed with no protection. Before UV exposure, 24 h after, and 7 d after the second treatment, fish liver and skin were dissected for Q and AA analyses. The proportion of oxidized ascorbate was significantly increased in fish from treatments C –Q– and C –Q+ . Q concentrations in fish after exposures were negligible in skin, whereas liver concentrations were significantly different among control (34 ± 10 μg/g) and UV‐irradiated fish (11 ± 6 μg/g), respectively. The interaction between these two dietary antioxidants may change after chronic UV irradiation.
Assessment of Egg and Larval Quality during Hatchery Production of the Temperate Sea Cucumber, Australostichopus mollis (Levin)
Authors: Morgan Andrew David 
Published: October 2009

Abstract A greater understanding of the causes of variation in egg and larval quality during larval rearing of sea cucumbers will assist in the development of methods to further improve production in hatcheries. For Australostichopus mollis the techniques and methods used in other hatcheries during fertilization resulted in polyspermy occurring in 10–60% of spawned eggs. Despite this, hatch rates were usually greater than 90%. By Day 18 when fed the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri at 2000 cells/mL/day, survival in cultures varied between 35 ± 26% and 57 ± 25%. Of remaining larvae, 10–12% remained in the water column for long periods and did not complete metamorphosis. Furthermore, observation of development in relation to growth and feeding rather than gut content was a better indicator of larval competence. Larvae that were between 700 and 1000 ± 50 μm in length had between four and eight hyaline spheres in the folds of the ciliated band and were in various stages of metamorphosis and settlement. Assessment and comparison of current and previous methods enabled a greater understanding of sources of variation in egg and larval quality, impacts on the production cycle, and suggested improvements.
Disk Abalone, Haliotis discus discus, CuZn–Superoxide Dismutase cDNA and its Transcriptional Induction by Aroclor 1254
Authors: De Zoysa Mahanama , Ekanayake Prashani Mudika , Kang Hyun‐Sil , Lee Jehee , Jee Youngheun , Lee Youn‐Ho , Kim Sang‐Jin 
Published: October 2009

Abstract CuZn–superoxide dismutase (CuZn–SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme playing a first line protective role against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by converting superoxide () into H2O2. The CuZn–SOD gene was isolated from a whole abalone cDNA library and denoted as aCuZn–SOD. The full‐length cDNA of aCuZn–SOD was 1021 bp, which contained 465‐bp open reading frame (ORF) coding 154 amino acids. It contained highly conserved CuZn–SOD signature motif 1 (45GFHVHQFGDNT55) and motif 2 (139GNAGGRQACGVI150). Also, amino acid residues identified as Cu (His47, His49, His64, and His121) and Zn (His64, His72, His81, and ASP84) metal‐binding sites were completely conserved in the aCuZn–SOD. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) results showed that aCuZn–SOD mRNA was expressed constitutively in gill, mantle, gonad, abductor muscle, digestive tract, and hemocytes in a tissue‐specific manner. The aCuZn–SOD mRNA was significantly up‐regulated (P < 0.05) in gill and digestive tract tissues after Aroclor 1254 induction compared to untreated and methanol‐injected abalone groups, suggesting that abalone has a potential use in assessing the impact of marine pollutants with the application of gene expression concept. In addition, purified recombinant aCuZn–SOD fusion protein was shown to reduceradical generated by xanthine oxidase assay, showing CuZn–SOD is a functionally active antioxidant enzyme in disk abalone.
Preliminary Study of the Dietary α‐Tocopherol Requirement in Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Ko Su Hong , Go Sugeun , Okorie Okorie Eme , Kim Young Chul , Lee Seunghyung , Yoo Gwang Yeol , Bai Sungchul C. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) requirement in juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumbers averaging 1.48 ± 0.07 g (mean ± SD) were randomly distributed into 18 rectangular plastic tanks of 20 L capacity in a recirculating system (20 animals per tank). Six semi‐purified experimental diets with average protein and crude lipid levels (dry matter) of 29.7 ± 0.36% and 4.39 ± 0.23% (mean ± SD), respectively were formulated to contain 0 (E4), 15 (E12), 30 (E23), 60 (E44), 120 (E77) and 600 (E378) mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet, supplied as dl‐α‐tocopheryl acetate. Diets were analyzed for α‐tocopherol content by HPLC and the α‐tocopherol levels were 4.01, 12.4, 23.1, 44.3, 77.4 and 378 mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet for E4, E12, E23, E44, E77 and E378 diets, respectively. Casein and defatted fish meal were used as the protein sources in the diets while wheat flour was the carbohydrate source. Sea cucumbers were fed each of the six experimental diets in triplicate groups. At the end of the 14‐week feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of sea cucumbers fed on E23, E44, E77 and E378 diets were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of animals fed on E4 and E12 diets. However, there were no significant differences in WG, SGR and FE among sea cucumbers fed on E23, E44, E77 and E378 diets or among those fed on E4 and E12 diets. Survival of sea cucumbers fed on E44, E77 and E378 diets were significantly higher than those of animals fed on E4, E12 and E23 diets. However, there were no significant differences among sea cucumbers fed on E4, E12 and E23 diets or among those fed on E44 and E77 diets. Whole‐body vitamin E concentration increased with α‐tocopherol content of the diets. Broken line analysis of WG showed an optimum dietary α‐tocopherol requirement of 41 mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet in sea cucumber. These results indicated that the optimum dietary α‐tocopherol requirement in sea cucumber in the form of dl‐α‐tocopheryl acetate could be higher than 23.1 mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet but lower than 44 mg α‐tocopherol/kg diet.
Effect of Combined Non‐ionized Ammonia and Dissolved Oxygen Levels on the Survival of Juvenile Dourado, Salminus brasiliensis (Cuvier)
Authors: De Leão Serafini Raphael , Zaniboni‐Filho Evoy , Baldisserotto Bernardo 
Published: October 2009

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the mean lethal concentration (LC50) of dissolved oxygen in high ammonia concentration and also the LC50 of ammonia under hypoxic conditions for juveniles of dourado, Salminus brasiliensis. In the first experiment, the non‐ionized ammonia (NH3) concentrations were: 0.026, 0.447, 0.612, 0.909, and 1.334 mg/L, and the dissolved oxygen concentration was maintained at approximately 1.65 mg/L. In the second experiment, the dissolved oxygen concentrations were: 1.64, 1.99, 3.33, 5.10, and 7.77 mg/L, and the non‐ionized ammonia concentration was kept at approximately 0.927 mg/L. The mean lethal concentrations of non‐ionized ammonia varied from 0.584 to 0.577 mg/L, indicating that LC50 values were almost unaffected by exposure time. The estimated LC50 of dissolved oxygen varied from 4.02 to 5.02 mg/L, indicating a slight increase in the mean lethal concentrations as the exposure time increased. Results from this study indicate that interaction between these two parameters increases mortality and also suggest that dourado is susceptible to the combination of high ammonia with low dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Class, but Not IgA or IgM, Antibodies to Peptides of thePorphyromonas gingivalisChaperone HtpG Predict Health in Subjects with Periodontitis by a Fluorescence Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Sweier Domenica G. , Shelburne P. Sandra , Giannobile William V. , Kinney Janet S. , Lopatin Dennis E. , Shelburne Charles E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTChaperones are molecules found in all cells and are critical in stabilization of synthesized proteins, in repair/removal of defective proteins, and as immunodominant antigens in innate and adaptive immunity. Subjects with gingivitis colonized by the oral pathogenPorphyromonas gingivalispreviously demonstrated levels of anti-human chaperone Hsp90 that were highest in individuals with the best oral health. We hypothesized that similar antibodies to pathogen chaperones might be protective in periodontitis. This study examined the relationship between antibodies toP. gingivalisHtpG and clinical statuses of healthy and periodontitis-susceptible subjects. We measured the humoral responses (immunoglobulin G [IgG], IgA, and IgM) to peptides of a unique insert (P18) found inBacteroidaceaeHtpG by using a high-throughput, quantitative fluorescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Indeed, higher levels of IgG class anti-P. gingivalisHtpG P18 peptide (P< 0.05) and P18α, consisting of the N-terminal 16 amino acids of P18 (P< 0.05), were associated with better oral health; these results were opposite of those found with anti-P. gingivaliswhole-cell antibodies and levels of the bacterium in the subgingival biofilm. When we examined the same sera for IgA and IgM class antibodies, we found no significant relationship to subject clinical status. The relationship between anti-P18 levels and clinical populations and individual subjects was found to be improved when we normalized the anti-P18α values to those for anti-P18γ (the central 16 amino acids of P18). That same ratio correlated with the improvement in tissue attachment gain after treatment (P< 0.05). We suggest that anti-P. gingivalisHtpG P18α antibodies are protective in periodontal disease and may have prognostic value for guidance of individual patient treatment.
Vaccines: the Fourth Century
Authors: Plotkin Stanley A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTVaccine development, which began with Edward Jenner's observations in the late 18th century, has entered its 4th century. From its beginnings, with the use of whole organisms that had been weakened or inactivated, to the modern-day use of genetic engineering, it has taken advantage of the tools discovered in other branches of microbiology. Numerous successful vaccines are in use, but the list of diseases for which vaccines do not exist is long. However, the multiplicity of strategies now available, discussed in this article, portends even more successful development of vaccines.