bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision trees as a simple-to-use and reliable tool to identify individuals with impaired glucose metabolism or type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hische Manuela , Luis-Dominguez Olga , Pfeiffer Andreas F H , Schwarz Peter E , Selbig Joachim , Spranger Joachim 
Published: August 2010

ObjectiveThe prevalence of unknown impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is high. Numerous studies demonstrated that IFG, IGT, or T2DM are associated with increased cardiovascular risk, therefore an improved identification strategy would be desirable. The objective of this study was to create a simple and reliable tool to identify individuals with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM).Design and methodsA cohort of 1737 individuals (1055 controls, 682 with previously unknown IGM) was screened by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Supervised machine learning was used to automatically generate decision trees to identify individuals with IGM. To evaluate the accuracy of identification, a tenfold cross-validation was performed. Resulting trees were subsequently re-evaluated in a second, independent cohort of 1998 individuals (1253 controls, 745 unknown IGM).ResultsA clinical decision tree included age and systolic blood pressure (sensitivity 89.3%, specificity 37.4%, and positive predictive value (PPV) 48.0%), while a tree based on clinical and laboratory data included fasting glucose and systolic blood pressure (sensitivity 89.7%, specificity 54.6%, and PPV 56.2%). The inclusion of additional parameters did not improve test quality. The external validation approach confirmed the presented decision trees.ConclusionWe proposed a simple tool to identify individuals with existing IGM. From a practical perspective, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure measurements should be regularly measured in all individuals presenting in outpatient clinics. An OGTT appears to be useful only if the subjects are older than 48 years or show abnormalities in fasting glucose or blood pressure.
Neutralization of Interleukin-16 Protects Nonobese Diabetic Mice From Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes by a CCL4-Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Meagher Craig , Beilke Josh , Arreaza Guillermo , Mi Qing-Sheng , Chen Wei , Salojin Konstantin , Horst Noah , Cruikshank William W. , Delovitch Terry L. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVEThe progressive infiltration of pancreatic islets by lymphocytes is mandatory for development of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. This inflammatory process is mediated by several mediators that are potential therapeutic targets to arrest development of type 1 diabetes. In this study, we investigate the role of one of these mediators, interleukin-16 (IL-16), in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSAt different stages of progression of type 1 diabetes, we characterized IL-16 in islets using GEArray technology and immunoblot analysis and also quantitated IL-16 activity in cell migration assays. IL-16 expression was localized in islets by immunofluorescence and confocal imaging. In vivo neutralization studies were performed to assess the role of IL-16 in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.RESULTSThe increased expression of IL-16 in islets correlated with the development of invasive insulitis. IL-16 immunoreactivity was found in islet infiltrating T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells, and dendritic cells, and within an insulitic lesion, IL-16 was derived from infiltrating cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells as well as B220+ B-cells were identified as sources of secreted IL-16. Blockade of IL-16 in vivo protected against type 1 diabetes by interfering with recruitment of CD4+ T-cells to the pancreas, and this protection required the activity of the chemokine CCL4.CONCLUSIONSIL-16 production by leukocytes in islets augments the severity of insulitis during the onset of type 1 diabetes. IL-16 and CCL4 appear to function as counterregulatory proteins during disease development. Neutralization of IL-16 may represent a novel therapy for the prevention of type 1 diabetes.
TNF-α Signals Through PKCζ/NF-κB to Alter the Tight Junction Complex and Increase Retinal Endothelial Cell Permeability
Authors: Aveleira Célia A. , Lin Cheng-Mao , Abcouwer Steven F. , Ambrósio António F. , Antonetti David A. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) are elevated in the vitreous of diabetic patients and in retinas of diabetic rats associated with increased retinal vascular permeability. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying retinal vascular permeability induced by these cytokines are poorly understood. In this study, the effects of IL-1β and TNF-α on retinal endothelial cell permeability were compared and the molecular mechanisms by which TNF-α increases cell permeability were elucidated.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cytokine-induced retinal vascular permeability was measured in bovine retinal endothelial cells (BRECs) and rat retinas. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, and immunocytochemistry were performed to determine tight junction protein expression and localization.

RESULTS
IL-1β and TNF-α increased BREC permeability, and TNF-α was more potent. TNF-α decreased the protein and mRNA content of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and claudin-5 and altered the cellular localization of these tight junction proteins. Dexamethasone prevented TNF-α–induced cell permeability through glucocorticoid receptor transactivation and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) transrepression. Preventing NF-κB activation with an inhibitor κB kinase (IKK) chemical inhibitor or adenoviral overexpression of inhibitor κB alpha (IκBα) reduced TNF-α–stimulated permeability. Finally, inhibiting protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) using both a peptide and a novel chemical inhibitor reduced NF-κB activation and completely prevented the alterations in the tight junction complex and cell permeability induced by TNF-α in cell culture and rat retinas.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that PKCζ may provide a specific therapeutic target for the prevention of vascular permeability in retinal diseases characterized by elevated TNF-α, including diabetic retinopathy.
AMP-activated Protein Kinase α2 Subunit Is Required for the Preservation of Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity by n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Jelenik Tomas , Rossmeisl Martin , Kuda Ondrej , Jilkova Zuzana Macek , Medrikova Dasa , Kus Vladimir , Hensler Michal , Janovska Petra , Miksik Ivan , Baranowski Marcin , Gorski Jan , Hébrard Sophie , Jensen Thomas E. , Flachs Pavel , Hawley Simon , Viollet Benoit , Kopecky Jan 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE
The induction of obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance by high-fat diet in rodents can be prevented by n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). We tested a hypothesis whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a role in the beneficial effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Mice with a whole-body deletion of the α2 catalytic subunit of AMPK (AMPKα2−/−) and their wild-type littermates were fed on either a low-fat chow, or a corn oil-based high-fat diet (cHF), or a cHF diet with 15% lipids replaced by n-3 LC-PUFA concentrate (cHF+F).

RESULTS
Feeding a cHF diet induced obesity, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and whole-body insulin resistance in mice of both genotypes. Although cHF+F feeding increased hepatic AMPKα2 activity, the body weight gain, dyslipidemia, and the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides were prevented by the cHF+F diet to a similar degree in both AMPKα2−/− and wild-type mice in ad libitum-fed state. However, preservation of hepatic insulin sensitivity by n-3 LC-PUFAs required functional AMPKα2 and correlated with the induction of adiponectin and reduction in liver diacylglycerol content. Under hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic conditions, AMPKα2 was essential for preserving low levels of both hepatic and plasma triglycerides, as well as plasma free fatty acids, in response to the n-3 LC-PUFA treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results show that n-3 LC-PUFAs prevent hepatic insulin resistance in an AMPKα2-dependent manner and support the role of adiponectin and hepatic diacylglycerols in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. AMPKα2 is also essential for hypolipidemic and antisteatotic effects of n-3 LC-PUFA under insulin-stimulated conditions.
Pulsatile Stress in Middle-Aged Patients With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes Compared With Nondiabetic Control Subjects
Authors: Philips Jean-Christophe , Marchand Monique , Scheen André J. 
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVEArterial pulse pressure is considered to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor. We compared pulse pressure during an active orthostatic test in middle-aged patients with type 1 diabetes and with type 2 diabetes and corresponding nondiabetic control subjects.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSForty patients with type 1 diabetes (mean age 50 years, diabetes duration 23 years, and BMI 23.0 kg/m2) were compared with 40 nonhypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes (respectively, 50 years, 8 years, and 29.7 kg/m2). Patients taking antihypertensive agents or with renal insufficiency were excluded. All patients were evaluated with a continuous noninvasive arterial blood pressure monitoring (Finapres) in standing (1 min), squatting (1 min), and again standing position (1 min). Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were compared with two groups of 40 age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy subjects.RESULTSPatients with type 1 diabetes and patients with type 2 diabetes showed significantly higher pulse pressure, heart rate, and double product of pulse pressure and heart rate (PP×HR) (type 1: 5,263 vs. 4,121 mmHg/min, P = 0.0004; type 2: 5,359 vs. 4,321 mmHg, P = 0.0023) levels than corresponding control subjects. There were no significant differences between patients with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes regarding pulse pressure (59 vs. 58 mmHg), heart rate (89 vs. 88/min), and PP×HR (5,263 vs. 5,359 mmHg/min).CONCLUSIONSPatients with type 1 diabetes have increased levels of peripheral PP, an indirect marker of arterial stiffness, and PP×HR, an index of pulsatile stress, comparable to those of nonhypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes at similar mean age of 50 years.
Newly resolved relationships in an early land plant lineage: Bryophyta class Sphagnopsida (peat mosses)
Authors: Shaw A. Jonathan , Cox Cymon J. , Buck William R. , Devos Nicolas , Buchanan Alex M. , Cave Lynette , Seppelt Rodney , Shaw Blanka , Larraín Juan , Andrus Richard , Greilhuber Johann , Temsch Eva M. 
Published: August 2010

•Premise of the study: The Sphagnopsida, an early‐diverging lineage of mosses (phylum Bryophyta), are morphologically and ecologically unique and have profound impacts on global climate. The Sphagnopsida are currently classified in two genera,Sphagnum(peat mosses) with some 350–500 species andAmbuchananiawith one species. An analysis of phylogenetic relationships among species and genera in the Sphagnopsida were conducted to resolve major lineages and relationships among species within the Sphagnopsida.•Methods: Phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequences from the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes (11 704 nucleotides total) were conducted and analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference employing seven different substitution models of varying complexity.•Key results: Phylogenetic analyses resolved three lineages within the Sphagnopsida: (1)Sphagnum sericeum, (2)S. inretortumplusAmbuchanania leucobryoides, and (3) all remaining species ofSphagnum. Sister group relationships among these three clades could not be resolved, but the phylogenetic results indicate that the highly divergent morphology ofA. leucobryoidesis derived within the Sphagnopsida rather than plesiomorphic. A new classification is proposed for class Sphagnopsida, with one order (Sphagnales), three families, and four genera.•Conclusions: The Sphagnopsida are an old lineage within the phylum Bryophyta, but the extant species ofSphagnumrepresent a relatively recent radiation. It is likely that additional species critical to understanding the evolution of peat mosses await discovery, especially in the southern hemisphere.
New microsatellite markers for the rare plant Cercidiphyllum japonicum and their utility for Cercidiphyllum magnificum
Authors: Chen Chen , Liu Yi‐Hui , Fu Cheng‐Xing , Qiu Ying‐Xiong 
Published: August 2010

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed for Cercidiphyllum japonicum to study population genetics of this endangered species native to both eastern China and Japan.• Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats (FIASCO) protocol, 12 microsatellite markers that were successfully amplified showed polymorphism when tested on 33 individuals from two populations in eastern China and Japan. Overall, the number of alleles per locus ranged between 5 and 18. Eleven markers could be easily amplified and were polymorphic in C. magnificum.• Conclusions: These results indicate that these microsatellite markers are adequate for detecting and characterizing population genetic structure in Cercidiphyllum at fine and range‐wide geographical scales.
B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Is Highly Expressed on CMV-Specific T Cells during Infection and Regulates Their Function
Authors: Serriari Nacer-Eddine , Gondois-Rey Françoise , Guillaume Yves , Remmerswaal Ester B. M. , Pastor Sonia , Messal Nassima , Truneh Alemseged , Hirsch Ivan , van Lier René A. W. , Olive Daniel 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), like its relative programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), is a receptor that negatively regulates murine T cell activation. However, its expression and function on human T cells is currently unknown. We report in this study on the expression of BTLA in human T cell subsets as well as its regulation on virus-specific T cells during primary human CMV infection. BTLA is expressed on human CD4+ T cells during different stages of differentiation, whereas on CD8+ T cells, it is found on naive T cells and is progressively downregulated in memory and differentiated effector-type cells. During primary CMV infection, BTLA was highly induced on CMV-specific CD8+ T cells immediately following their differentiation from naive cells. After control of CMV infection, BTLA expression went down on memory CD8+ cells. Engagement of BTLA by mAbs blocked CD3/CD28-mediated T cell proliferation and Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion. Finally, in vitro blockade of the BTLA pathway augmented, as efficient as anti–PD-1 mAbs, allogeneic as well as CMV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation. Thus, our results suggest that, like PD-1, BTLA provides a potential target for enhancing the functional capacity of CTLs in viral infections.
Molecular docking of enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Rudnitskaya Aleksandra , Török Béla , Török Marianna 
Published: August 2010

AbstractMolecular docking is a frequently used method in structure‐based rational drug design. It is used for evaluating the complex formation of small ligands with large biomolecules, predicting the strength of the bonding forces and finding the best geometrical arrangements. The major goal of this advanced undergraduate biochemistry laboratory exercise is to illustrate the importance and application of this tool. Students carry out the computational modeling of the interaction of acetylcholinesterase and its inhibitor, tacrine, and learn about the concepts of protein structure, enzyme‐inhibitor interactions, intermolecular forces, and role of molecular design in drug‐development.
ChemInform Abstract: Pressure Dependence of the Crystal Structures and EPR Spectra of Potassium Hexaaquacopper(II) Sulfate and Deuterated Ammonium Hexaaquacopper(II) Sulfate.
Authors: RAUW W. , AHSBAHS H. , HITCHMAN M. A. , LUKIN S. , REINEN D. , SCHULTZ A. J. , SIMMONS C. J. , STRATEMEIER H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Giant Clusters with Unusual Electronic and Magnetic Structures Due to Open Shell Metal Centers Embedded Far Apart from Each Other: Spin Frustration and Antisymmetric Exchange.
Authors: GATTESCHI D. , SESSOLI R. , PLASS W. , MUELLER A. , KRICKEMEYER E. , MEYER J. , SOELTER D. , ADLER P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Influence of Some Sulfur‐Containing Anions on the Anodic Behavior of Zinc in an Alkaline Medium.
Authors: ABD EL REHIM S. S. , FOUAD E. E. , ABD EL WAHAB S. M. , HASSAN H. H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Basic Alkaline‐Earth Zeolite‐Supported Ruthenium Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis.
Authors: FISHEL C. T. , DAVIS R. J. , GARCES J. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Zirconium Containing Mesoporous Silicas: New Catalysts for Oxidation Reactions in the Liquid Phase.
Authors: TUEL A. , GONTIER S. , TEISSIER R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Modeling of CO Oxidation on Pt/CeO2 in a Gradientless Reactor.
Authors: SHALABI M. A. , HARJI B. H. , KENNEY C. N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of (C4NH10)+(CoGaP2O8)‐, a CoGaPO Analogue of the Zeolite Gismondine.
Authors: COWLEY A. R. , CHIPPINDALE A. M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Effects on Nitrogen NMR Shieldings in Thiazole and Thiadiazole Systems
Authors: WITANOWSKI M. , SICINSKA W. , BIEDRZYCKA Z. , GRABOWSKI Z. , WEBB G. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote Asymmetric Induction for Chiral 1,4‐Diols Using a Chiral Acetal Derived from Chiral Hydrobenzoin.
Authors: FUJIOKA H. , KITAGAWA H. , MATSUNAGA N. , NAGATOMI Y. , KITA Y. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Addition of Aromatic Esters at the ortho C‐H Bonds to Olefins.
Authors: SONODA M. , KAKIUCHI F. , KAMATANI A. , CHATANI N. , MURAI S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: (4π + 2π) Cycloaddition Reactions of o‐Benzoquinones with Symmetrical 6,6‐Dialkyl‐ and Cycloalkylfulvenes: Formation of Bicyclo( 2.2.2)Octenediones and Cyclopenta(b)(1,4)benzodioxins. Some Novel Observations.
Authors: NAIR V. , KUMAR S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: General Synthetic Methods. Part 5. Zeolite (H‐ZSM5) Catalyzed Regioselective Isomerization of Glycidic Ester to α‐Hydroxy‐. beta.,γ‐unsaturated Esters.
Authors: REDDY M. V. R. , PITRE S. V. , BHATTACHARYA I. , VANKAR Y. D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient in situ Generation and Mild Oxidizing Ability of Triarylbismuthane Tosylimides.
Authors: SUZUKI H. , IKEGAMI T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Cyclic Maleic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: STACHEL H.‐D. , SCHACHTNER J. , SEIDEL J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromination of Secondary and Tertiary Enamines.
Authors: LYUBCHANSKAYA V. M. , MUKHANOVA T. I. , ALEKSEEVA L. M. , GRANIK V. G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Bromopentafluorobenzene and Pentafluorophenyllithium with . alpha.‐Lithiated Arylacetonitriles.
Authors: REFAT H. M. , FADDO A. A. , BIEHL E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.