bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentric Lymphoma Involving Large Granular Lymphocytes in a Cow
Authors: Saari S. , Järvinen A‐K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis case report describes for the first time in the literature a bovine multicentric lymphoma involving large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Clinically, the cow had typical manifestations of multicentric lymphoma with nonspecific signs. Most lymphocytes in cytological specimens from blood and lymph nodes had an LGL‐morphology. Histopathologically malignant LGLs were found in the liver, kidneys, and lungs. The azurophilic granules were clearly seen with May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa stain. The granules were slightly eosinophilic as shown with hematoxylin‐eosin stain, and most stained intensively dark with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin.
Inheritance of Spinal Dysmyelination in Calves
Authors: AGERHOLM J. S. , ANDERSEN O. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA study was performed to establish the inheritance of spinal dysmyelination in cross‐bred American Brown Swiss calves. Daughters of a carrier bull were mated to another carrier resulting in 254 calves. 228 calves were found to be normal while 25 calves were affected with spinal dysmyelination. One calf was excluded from the study. The number of affected males and females did not differ significantly. The ratio between normal and affected calves corresponded to the 7:1 ratio expected in the experimental design used. It is therefore concluded that spinal dysmyelination is an autosomal recessively inherited defect. All cases in Denmark can be traced to a single American Brown Swiss bull.
Validation of Creatine, Glycogen and L‐(+)‐Lactate Determination in Biopsy Samples of Bovine Musculus diaphragma
Authors: Desmecht D. , Linden A. , Cuvelier‐Klimek M. , Baldwin P. , Van Eenaeme C. , Dandrifosse G. , Lekeux P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryWhereas reliable measurements of diaphragmatic force and electrical activity are now available in calves, evidence that substrate contents in the bovine diaphragm can be accurately measured is still lacking. The purposes of the present study were therefore a) to describe and test the reliability of methods and procedures used for sampling, lyophilisation, extraction and dosage of muscular lactate, glycogen and creatine contents and b) to report the variation in their levels found along the bovine diaphragm and among individuals.The repeatability of the results yielded by a) assaying the extracts, b) processing and assaying the extracts and c) taking samples at different sites in the muscle was assessed. Neither assay, nor processing effects were significant (P ≤ 0.05). Substrates were found to be homogeneously distributed within the two muscles studied. Substrate contents expressed per unit of muscle weight or total creatine were neither more or less variable than when expressed per unit of dry matter.
Sclerosing Stromal Tumour in a Cow
Authors: Ashida Y. , Suzuki T. , Shimizu G. , Yanase H. , Anjiki T. , Kadota K. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA case of sclerosing stromal tumour in an 8‐year‐old cow is described. The left ovary was entirely replaced by neoplastic tissue, whose features were pseudolobulation of cellular areas, intercellular oedema and calcified plaques. The neoplastic cells varied in morphology and were similar to ovarian stromal cells, theca cells or lutein cells. Immunohistochemically, S‐100 protein, oestradiol and testosterone were detected in theca‐like or luteinized cells, some of which had ultrastructural features suggestive of steroid hormone synthesis. In contrast, desmin and actin characterized slender spindle cells. This is the first report of a sclerosing stromal tumour in cattle.
Radiation Biochemistry of the Chicken Embryo: DNA synthesis and DNA Degradation Following X‐Irradiation
Authors: Tempel K. , Schleifer S. , König S. , Ignatius A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryChicken embryos were X‐irradiated with a dose of 8 Gy. At a developmental stage of 15 days, desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, nucleoid sedimentation, viscosity of the alkaline cell lysates and DNA fragmentation were examined in brain and/or liver cells. Further studies aimed at the appearance of acid‐soluble nucleic acid metabolites in the allantoic fluid. Complementary investigations comprised the in vitro activities of a DNase I and a DNase II of liver and brain cells as well as of the allantoic fluid of X‐irradiated embryos. It could be shown for the first time that, following acute X‐irradiation of the chicken embryo, the inhibition of DNA synthesis is accompanied by at least two enzymatic DNA degradation phases. The early phase comprises a period of 6 (‐12) h, whereas the second phase lasts, with organ‐specific peculiarities, ≥ 24 h. During the early period, some apoptotic phenomena are seen, whereas at the later stages of radiation response signs of necrolysis become evident. The excretion of DNA metabolites, probably oligonucleotides, in the allantoic fluid is enhanced following X‐irradiation > 2 Gy and may be used as an additional parameter of the overall radiation damage. Therefore, the chicken embryo may be regarded as a radiobiological and possibly toxicological alternative to laboratory animals with respect to the nucleic acid metabolism.
Effect of Concurrent Feeding of Furazolidone and Sodium Chloride upon some Clinical, Pathological and Cardiac Morphometric Parameters in Broiler Chicks
Authors: Islam N. , Khan M. Z. , Zaman Q. , Muhammad G. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBroiler chicks in different groups were fed furazolidone (0, 400 and 800 mg/kg feed) and sodium chloride (500 and 1510 mg/kg feed) separately and concurrently from 1 to 30 days of age. Furazolidone (Fz) induced ascites, leg weakness, convulsions, depression and mortality was exacerbated by concurrent feeding of 1510 mg NaCl. Hemorrhages in the liver, swollen kidneys, pallor of the kidneys and cystic testes were present in all birds fed furazolidone either alone or in combination with NaCl. However, at microscopic level, necrotic changes were observed in the liver and kidneys of birds fed NaCl only. Fz‐induced cardiac ventricular dilatation and thinning of walls were more severe when 400 mg Fz was fed concurrently with 1510 mg NaCl but feeding of 800 mg Fz with the same level of NaCl resulted in partial amelioration of cardiac changes. It is suggested that high dietary NaCl may exacerbate and alter the clinical and morphological picture of Fz toxicosis.
Superovulatory Response in Lactating Cows with Different Follicular Dynamics
Authors: Maciel M. , Gustafsson H. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTo determine the influence of a dominant follicle on the superovulatory response in mid‐late lactating cows, the dynamics of follicular growth and the development of corpora lutea and embryos were studied. Real‐time B‐mode ultrasonography with a 7.5 MHz rectal linear‐array transducer was used to scan the ovaries daily, from 8–12 days before superovulation until day 7 post‐estrus, when embryos were recovered. On the first day of superovulation cows were classified as belonging to either a 'dominant' group (n = 12) having a 'dominant follicle', i.e. > 9 mm in diameter in growing phase or stable for < 4 days, or a 'non‐dominant' group (n = 11) those carrying a 'non‐dominant follicle', i.e. a follicle in a regressing phase or with the same diameter for > 4 days. Cows in the 'dominant' group had significantly higher numbers of 4–6 and 7–10 mm follicles than cows in the 'non‐dominant' group on the third and the fifth day of superovulation. The total number of follicles (> 4 mm) preovulation and the number of CL day 7 postovulation was higher in the 'dominant' group than in the 'non‐dominant' group. There were no differences between groups regarding the total number of embryos or transferable embryos recovered. The results indicate that superovulation in mid‐late lactation is not negatively affected by the presence of a 'dominant follicle'. The criteria to define 'dominant' and 'non‐dominant' follicles might be redefined when applied to lactating cows, whose response to superovulation seems to be under the influence of many other factors.
Accumulation of Protoporphyrin Isomers I and III, and Multiple Decarboxylation Products of Uroporphyrin in a Case of Porphyria in a Slaughtered Pig
Authors: Roels S. , Hassoun A. , Hoorens J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPathological and biochemical examinations were made on tissues from a case of porphyria in a slaughtered pig. Bones, kidneys, teeth and lymph nodes showed a mahogany discoloration. Histologically, the pigment was negative on staining for iron (Gomori) and showed a strong red‐orange fluorescence under UV light proving it to be porphyrin. Biochemical studies on the kidney, lymph nodes, bone and bone marrow revealed a 'mixed' erythropoietic protoporphyria‐coproporphyria. This indicates that the case presented probably represented both a uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and uroporphyrinogen‐III‐cosynthase dysfunction.
Hormone Profiles Around Weaning in Cyclic and Anoestrous Sows
Authors: Tsuma V. T. , Einarsson S. , Madej A. , Lundeheim N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPeripheral plasma patterns of LH, cortisol, corticosteroid‐binding globulin (CBG) and β‐endorphin were studied around weaning in sows that resumed cyclicity and those that remained anoestrus after weaning. Average LH concentration in both groups of sows, and basal LH concentration, LH pulses/6h and the sum of LH pulses and peaks/6h in the cyclic sows, increased from the day before weaning to significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels on the days after weaning. Overall, average and basal LH concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in the sows that resumed cyclicity than in those that remained anoestrus. Cortisol and β‐endorphin concentrations were high before weaning and on the day of weaning in both groups of sows. Cortisol in the cyclic sows, and β‐endorphin in both groups of sows, decreased (P < 0.05) after weaning. CBG levels were unchanged until the second day after weaning when there was an increase (P < 0.05) in both groups of sows. Before and even after weaning cortisol, CBG and β‐endorphin levels tended to be higher in the sows that remained anoestrus compared with those that resumed cyclicity. Findings in the present study show higher levels of cortisol, CBG and β‐endorphin before weaning that persisted even after weaning, and lower LH concentrations around weaning in sows that failed compared with those that resumed oestrous activity.
Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Metabolic Effects of Interval Training at VLA4
Authors: Gottlieb‐Vedi M. , Persson S. , Erickson H. , Korbutiak E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine if training with short intervals at the velocity producing a lactate level of 4 mmol/l (VLA4) is sufficient to induce adaptations and better exercise tolerance. Five Standardbred mares (4–8 years) were interval trained on a treadmill 3 days a week for 12 weeks and subsequently detrained for 4 weeks. Standardized exercise tests were performed before, during and after the training period and muscle biopsies were taken. Measurements were made of heart rate, oxygen consumption, stride frequency, blood volume and blood lactate.Plasma volume was reduced after 2 weeks of training but then increased to the approximate pre‐training value throughout the remaining training and post‐training periods. No change was detected in the total cell volume whereas the total blood volume varied in consequence with the plasma volume variation. A significant reduction in heart rate response to exercise was seen after 4 weeks of training. VLA4 increased after 2 weeks of training and remained higher than the baseline value during the rest of the training period. Consequently, the blood lactate at 8 m/sec was decreased compared to baseline concentration after 8 and 12 weeks of training. The post‐training VLA4 did not differ significantly either from the end of training or from the pre‐training value. Mass specific oxygen consumption (VO2‐200/BW) at V200 increased with training and decreased with detraining. The respiratory quotient at a velocity of 8 m/sec decreased from 1.18 ± 0.02 before training to 1.07 ± 0.02 (P < 0.05) at the end of training. No changes were found in muscle histo‐ or biochemical parameters. The results indicate that training at VLA4 is sufficient to cause adaptational changes in exercise tolerance related parameters.
Detection of Clenbuterol (Ventipulmin®) in the Horse
Authors: Hagedorn H.‐W. , Zuck S. , Schulz R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect the β2‐agonist clenbuterol in equine blood and urine. The antiserum was raised in rabbits, employing clenbuterol‐diazo‐BSA as antigen. Clenbuterol‐diazo‐horseradish peroxidase served as enzyme conjugate. The concentration of clenbuterol to decrease tracer binding by 50% (IC50value) was found to be 27.50 ± 4.20 pg/well (1.37 ng/ml). The antibody cross‐reacted with salbutamol (30%), terbutaline (14%) and cimaterol (1%). Horse serum was used directly to screen for clenbuterol, while urine was employed diluted. Positive screening results were confirmed by means of two independent HPLC systems combined with off‐line detection by the clenbuterol‐ELISA. Salbutamol served as internal standard to ascertain relative retention of the drug. The detection limit of clenbuterol in serum and urine amounted to 0.04 ng/ml. In addition, GC/MS technique was applied to detect clenbuterol in urine samples by a newly developed derivatization method. Confirmation of intravenously given clenbuterol in serum of horses treated with Ventipulmin (0.8 μg clenbuterol‐HCl/kg) was achieved by HPLC/ELISA up to 24 h, in urine up to 96 h. After oral administration, the β2‐agonist was detected in serum for 48 h and in urine for 75 h.
Abomasal Displacement in the Bovine—a Review on Character, Occurrence, Aetiology and Pathogenesis
Authors: Geishauser T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryLiterature on the subject of character, history, occurrence, causes and pathogenesis of abomasal displacement in the bovine is listed and summarized. The chapter on occurrence is subdivided according to heritibility, sex, age, season, husbandry, milk yield and concomitant diseases. In the chapter on causes special consideration is given to feeding. The chapter on pathogenesis is subdivided according to mechanical influences, disturbances of the abomasal motor activity, collection of gas and dilatation of the abomasum and artificial displacement of the abomasum. Displacement of the abomasum is seen predominantly in the spring in herds with above‐average milk yield in dairy cows between the age of 4 and 7 years which have calved within the last month and have ketosis. The etiology and pathogenesis of abomasal displacement are unclear.
Ovulation as Determined by Transrectal Ultrasonography in Multiparous Sows: Relationships with Oestrous Symptoms and Hormonal Profiles
Authors: Mburu J. N. , Einarsson S. , Dalin A‐M. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty‐four cross‐bred multiparous sows in their second and fourth parities were studied during two consecutive oestruses after weaning. Careful oestrous control was done on the animals and ovulation was monitored by transrectal ultrasonography. Blood for analysis of LH and E2 contents was collected through an indwelling catheter. The sows were mated/inseminated once approximately 18 h before expected ovulation in their second oestrus. The interval between weaning and ovulation varied from 86 h‐204 h (153 ± 26). Onset of standing oestrus to ovulation was found to be longer in sows with long oestruses and ovulation occurred within a mean of 68 % of the oestrous period. Duration of the first pro‐oestrus was significantly shorter than the second pro‐oestrus (40 h and 71 h, respectively). There was no significant difference within sows for the intervals from onset of oestrus to ovulation during the first and second oestrus after weaning (37 h and 39 h, respectively). The diameter of the largest follicles at onset of oestrus and at ovulation had very small variation between animals. The mean intervals from E2 peak to onset of oestrus and to ovulation were lh (range −10‐+h22h) and 44 h (range 34–54 h) respectively, and from LH peak to onset of oestrus and to ovulation 12 h (range −10‐+32h) and 35 h (range 27–48 h), respectively. The present study indicates that repeated ultrasonographic examination of ovaries during one oestrus can be used to predict the time of ovulation during the subsequent oestrus. On the other hand, the large variations of the intervals from E2 peak to onset of oestrus and to ovulation, and also from LH peak to onset of oestrus and to ovulation, make it difficult to predict accurately the time of onset of oestrus and ovulation using endocrine parameters.
Chemical Restraint by Medetomidine‐Ketamine and its Cardiopulmonary Effects in Pigs
Authors: Sakaguchi M. , Nishimura R. , Sasaki N. , Ishiguro T. , Tamura H. , Takeuchi A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryChemical restraint induced by medetomidine‐ketamine (M‐K) combination was evaluated compared with that by xylazine‐ketamine (X‐K) in pigs. The duration of restraint by M‐K was 49.4 ± 13.5 min (mean ± SD) and longer than that by X‐K (34.6 ± 17.2 min), but the difference was not significant. The effect of X‐K was not stable, since one of five pigs was restrained only for 6 min. Both combinations produced muscle relaxation. The duration of muscle relaxation in M‐K was 43.6 ± 12.7 min and was significantly longer than that in X‐K (21.0 ± 14.0 min).M‐K combination had a slightly stimulative effect on the cardiovascular system, but scarcely changed the respiratory parameters. This limited effect on cardiopulmonary system was an advantage of M‐K combination for chemical restraint in pigs.These results indicated that M‐K combination is suitable for chemical restraint with prolonged muscle relaxation and has limited cardiopulmonary effects in pigs.
Larval Cyathostomiasis as a Cause of Death in Two Regularly Dewormed Horses
Authors: Van Loon G. , Deprez P. , Muylle E. , Sustronck B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo horses were presented with complaints of chronic weight loss and subcutaneous oedema, one of them presenting diarrhoea. Both animals were grazed with other unaffected horses, all of them being regularly dewormed. Blood chemistry revealed hypoalbuminaemia and a low albumin‐globulin ratio. Faecal egg counts were negative and no cyathostome larvae could be found in the faeces. Neither of these horses could be saved, despite intensive treatment. Postmortem examination revealed severe typhlitis and colitis due to numerous inhibited cyathostome larvae.
Malformations of the Vertebral Bodies and the Ribs Associated to Spinal Dysraphism without Spina Bifida in a Pekingese Dog
Authors: Ruberte J. , Añor S. , Carretero A. , Vilafranca M. , Navarro M. , Mascort J. , Pumarola M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA Pekingese dog with hemivertebrae, rib malformations and spinal cord dysraphism without spina bifida was presented. Two types of hemivertebrae were seen: bilateral and unilateral. Thoracic hemivertebrae were associated with fused ribs and rudimentary ribs. Spinal dysraphism consisted of polycavitary syringomyelia in the dorsal and lateral funiculi, hydromyelia and anomalies of the dorsal median septum and median fissure, associated to lumbar and sacral hemivertebrae. Cauda equina agenesia was also present. To conclude, the dog showed two malformations from different embryonic origins. Vertebral and rib malformations are of mesodermic origin and spinal dysraphism is of ectodermic origin. A possible common mechanism responsible for both anomalies is discussed.
Effect of Exercise on Enzymatic Activity in Tracheal Fluid and on Intrapleural Pressure Difference in Horses
Authors: Maisi P. , Paananen M. , Koivunen A.‐L. 
Published: May 2010

SummarySeventeen trotters, eight healthy and nine with a mild respiratory disease, underwent a submaximal treadmill exercise. Heart rate, breathing frequency, intrapleural pressure difference (IP difference) as well as haematocrit and concentration of lactic acid in blood were monitored before exercise, during exercise and during recovery. The activities of β‐glucuronidase and plasmin, total proteolytic activity and trypsin inhibitory capacity were measured from the tracheal fluid before and after exercise. IP difference significantly increased during exercise and returned to normal values within 15 min in healthy horses. Differences in intrapleural pressure between healthy and diseased horses were not significant during exercise. Increase of the respiratory rate was monitored during recovery probably due to respiratory compensation of the lactic acidosis. Activities of β‐glucuronidase increased and activities of plasmin and trypsin inhibitory capacity decreased due to exercise. Most prominent changes were seen in the decrease of plasmin activity. The total proteolytic activity in the tracheal fluid before exercise correlated with the VLa4values, indicating that a mild respiratory disease, which causes proteolysis in the respiratory tract, decreases performance capacity of the horse.
Electromyography of the Reticulum, Abomasum and Duodenum in Dairy Cows with Left Displacement of the Abomasum
Authors: Nelson D. R. , Petersen G. C. , Huhn J. C. , Olson W. A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryElectromyographic (EMG) recordings of the reticulum, abomasal corpus, pyloric antrum and duodenum of six dairy cows with left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) were made in order to substantiate abomasal atony as a prerequisite to abomasal displacement. EMG recordings were made when LDA was present as well as when absent. Mean values were determined in five of six cows for the maximum peak or amplitude, mean peak values, peak‐to‐peak interval and count of the electrical response activity (ERA) for each 15 min segment of the waveform recordings. Segments containing phase III migrating myoelectric activity were not analysed. LDA positive periods were compared to LDA negative periods in each cow. The 6 h period (transition period) prior to the diagnosis of LDA was analysed separately. Pairedt‐tests were applied to group values with statistical significance established at the P = 0.05 level. There was a significant decrease in the ERA count during the LDA positive periods in the abomasal corpus (‐1.40% to −7.88%, P = 0.0217) and in the pyloric antrum (‐2.05% to −11.98%, P = 0.0430). A corresponding significant increase occurred in the peak‐to‐peak interval. During the transition period spike activity in the duodenum increased 0.5 % to 48.31 % (P = 0.0474) and the peak‐to‐peak interval was significantly decreased. No extended periods of atony were observed in the abomasum during this study.