bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Professionals' perceptions of offending in children's residential care
Authors: Shaw Julie 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on and discusses the results of part of the author's PhD study. It focuses on professionals' perceptions of the factors that contribute to young people in residential children's homes coming to the attention of the criminal justice system, with consideration given to how such perceptions might impact on responses to the young people. As part of a case study of a particular local authority area, the author undertook semi‐structured interviews and a focus group with 31 professionals from the care and criminal justice systems. The implications of the findings for policy and practice are discussed.
Social work the ‘art of relationship’: parents' perspectives on an intensive family support project
Authors: Mason Claire 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTFrom the findings of a study examining the perspective of parents using Intensive Family Support Service based in northern England, this paper examines the constituent elements required for effective relationship‐based practice. Although the study is based in a single site in England, the findings are more broadly relevant, given both national and international interests in relationship‐based practice in child protection. The participants in this study – parents whose children had been assessed as being ‘at the edge of care’– were asked to comment on the intervention they had received. Analysis of parents' interviews suggests that the service user–worker relationship was critical to their positive experience of the service. The paper provides an analysis of parents' descriptions of ‘positive relationships’ and identifies the key themes. It then considers these findings in the context of contemporary children and families' social work practice. Engaging with current debates, the paper makes reference to the impact of modernization, which has served to erode effective face‐to‐face work with families, given excessive ‘backroom’ demands of administration and audit. Discussion engages with an emerging emphasis on effective relationship‐based practice following reports from Munro and the Social Work Reform Board. In this context, the paper concludes that the views of these families whose children are on the ‘edge of care’ offers insights into the skills required for relationship‐based practice.
Parenting children with autism spectrum disorders: a crucible for couple relationships
Authors: Hock Robert M. , Timm Tina M. , Ramisch Julie L. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTAs the incidence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) continues to rise, there is a growing need to understand how ASDs impact family life. This qualitative study explored the ways in which parenting a child with ASD impacts marriages. Using modified grounded theory, nine couples and one wife (n= 19) were interviewed. The dominant finding that emerged is that parenting a child with ASD acts as a crucible for couple relationships, exerting extraordinary pressure on partners that forces qualitative adaptations in their relationship. Two relationship phases emerged from the analysis: tag team and deeper intimacy and commitment. The resulting theoretical model can help clinicians tailor assessment and intervention for couples who are parenting a child with ASD.
Noticing and helping the neglected child: towards an international research agenda
Authors: Taylor Julie , Daniel Brigid , Scott Jane 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThis systematic review examined the evidence on the extent to which practitioners are equipped to recognize and respond to the indications that a child's needs are likely to be, or are being neglected. This paper examines the methodological issues arising from the review. A systematic process of progressive filtering yielded 112 papers representing primary studies that inform the international research agenda for child neglect. A final dataset of 63 studies was of sufficient quality and usefulness for inclusion. The review raised a number of methodological issues of relevance for research in child protection in general, and on neglect in particular. Researchers and practitioners can benefit from an enhanced understanding of the issues that make neglect difficult to understand. Common issues were identified to inform future research. For example, there was a tendency for studies to use a range of proxy measures rather than direct observation of the outcome of interest, and a wide range of different outcome measures was used. Many of the studies were small scale or retrospective in design. Many studies conflated neglect and other forms of maltreatment, and it was often difficult to extract specific messages for neglect.
Congruence and incongruence in the perception of ‘family’ among foster parents, birth parents and their adolescent (foster) children
Authors: Ellingsen Ingunn T. , Stephens Paul , Størksen Ingunn 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTOver recent decades, listening to children's voices and viewing children as competent actors has gathered momentum in research as well as in practice. Acknowledging children's perspectives requires sensitive listeners who are willing, deliberately and as realistically as possible, to reconstruct children's ways of seeing. In our study, based in Norway, we investigated the views of 22 adolescents in long‐term foster care and 15 of their birth parents and 21 of their foster parents. Using Q methodology, we explored congruence and incongruence in the perception of ‘family’ among foster parents, birth parents and their adolescent (foster) children. We found three family perspectives among the adolescents. Within two of these perspectives, there seem to be more congruent understandings of the children's perspectives among the parent groups. We discuss some main implications in light of these findings. In Norway, as in many other countries, the policy of child welfare is that children first and foremost should grow up with their birth family. When out‐of‐home placements are necessary, a basic principle is that children should remain in contact with their birth family.
The influence of the absence of fathers and the timing of separation on anxiety and self‐esteem of adolescents: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Luo J. , Wang L‐G. , Gao W‐B. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground Many rural children in China have been experiencing life without fathers since the 1990s, when their fathers left the rural areas for the urban areas to find a job that would allow them to continue to support their family. However, to date, knowledge and understanding of the effects of the absence of fathers and timing of separation on the mental health of adolescents are limited.Methods A total of 2233 students, ranging in age from 11 to 23 years, from five provinces of China, including 1024 adolescents who experienced the absence of their fathers, were recruited for this study. The data were collected using State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, which were self‐report questionnaires.Results Findings from a structured questionnaire showed that the subjects who experienced life without fathers have increased state‐anxiety (t=−5.80,P< 0.001) and lower self‐esteem (t= 39.54,P< 0.001) when compared with other subjects, and the above results could be influenced by gender and grade. A limited effect of the timing of separation was found on the mental health of students whose fathers were absent. A significant timing group effect existed for state‐anxiety scores [F(3,992) = 2.26,P= 0.05], and post test also revealed that the self‐esteem of female scores in the 0–2 timing group was higher than other timing group's [F(3,992) = 4.58,P= 0.004].Conclusion The influence of the absence of fathers on the anxiety and self‐esteem of adolescents seems to be more serious than our expectation, and the influence will be different according to the timing of father absence.
Two sides of the mirror: parents' and service providers' view on the family‐centredness of care for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Jeglinsky I. , Autti‐Rämö I. , Brogren Carlberg E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground  In order to best meet the needs of both families and their children with cerebral palsy, many rehabilitation service providers have adopted a family‐centred service (FCS) approach. In FCS parents are seen as experts on their child's needs, and the family and professionals collaborate in the rehabilitation process. However, parents and service providers might look at FCS from different points of view, i.e. look into the mirror from two different sides. The objective of this study was to explore the degree to which parents experience the service as being family‐centred and to which extent the service providers experience their service provision as family‐centred.Methods  A translated version of The Measure of Processes of Care 20 (MPOC‐20) questionnaire was used to evaluate parents' experience of FCS, and a Measures of Processes of Care for Service Providers (MPOC‐SP) questionnaire was used to evaluate the FCS provided by professionals. Parents visiting two university hospital neuropediatric wards (n= 67) during a 2‐month period and who were willing to participate received the questionnaire. Also the service providers working on the same wards (n= 49) were invited to participate.Results  A total of 53 families and 29 service providers completed the questionnaires. Both parents and professionals generally rated the FCS positively. General information was rated lowest and respectful treatment the highest by both parents and professionals. The results revealed that written information about the child's condition, the possibility to choose when to receive information, and contact with other families in the same situation are areas in need of improvement.Conclusions  The possibility to regularly evaluate services both from the families' and the professionals' perspectives should be part of quality development. Providing general information is a challenge for all service providers. The MPOC questionnaires can be used to highlight important areas of improvement in FCS.
Routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis – is the protection adequate?
Authors: Davies J. , Chant R. , Simpson S. , Powell R. 
Published: September 2011

Background/Aims: Prophylactic anti‐D given during pregnancy can be detected in current indirect antiglobulin tests (IAT). Using this to measure the persistence of prophylactic anti‐D, this study set out to determine whether there is an association between anti‐D detectable at delivery and the RhD status of the foetus and/or the duration of the pregnancy post the standard 28 week dose of routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis (RAADP). The study also investigated the detection rates of anti‐D at delivery when given in a two dose regime or a one dose regime.Method: All IAT screening was undertaken using fully automated Diamed gel technology. The results from 407 women were included in the two dose regime study, and 157 in the one dose regime study.Results: 160/407 (39%) women receiving one dose of prophylactic anti‐D had no detectable anti‐D at delivery. 123/157 (78%) women on the one dose regime had no detectable anti‐D at delivery. No association was found between detectable anti‐D at delivery and the RhD status of the infant in either study arm. A strong association was found between detectable anti‐D Ig at delivery and the duration of the pregnancy post the 28 week dose in each study arm.Conclusion: Our data show that neither the two dose nor the one dose regime appear to provide adequate cover at delivery for a large percentage of pregnant women. This appears to be associated with the duration of the pregnancy past the 28 week dose but not associated with the RhD status of the foetus.
Improving the Performance of Wheat by Seed Priming Under Saline Conditions
Authors: Jafar M. Z. , Farooq M. , Cheema M. A. , Afzal I. , Basra S. M.A. , Wahid M. A. , Aziz T. , Shahid M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSalinity is one of a major threat in harvesting good wheat stand on sustained basis. In this study, potential of seed priming techniques to improve the performance of wheat varieties (SARC‐1 and MH‐97) in a saline field was tested. For priming, wheat seeds were soaked in aerated solution of ascorbate (50 mg l−1; ascorbate priming), salicylic acid (50 mg l−1; salicylicate priming), kinetin (50 mg l−1; kinetin priming) and CaCl2 (50 mg l−1; osmopriming) for 12 h. For comparison, seeds were also soaked in simple water (hydropriming); in addition, untreated seeds were also taken as control. Seed priming treatments substantially improved the stand establishment; osmopriming (with CaCl2) was at the top however. Likewise maximum fertile tillers, grains per spike, 1000‐grain weight, grain yield and harvest index were observed in plants raised from seeds osmoprimed (with CaCl2) followed by ascorbate priming in both the varieties tested. As an index of salinity tolerance, seed priming treatments also improved the leaf K+ contents with simultaneous decrease in Na+ concentration, osmopriming being the best treatment. Similarly, maximum total phenolic contents, total soluble proteins (TSP), α‐amylase and protease activities were observed in osmoprimed (with CaCl2) seeds followed by ascorbate priming. Economic analysis also indicated that osmopriming is more viable with maximum net return and benefit‐to‐cost ratio. In conclusion, different seed priming treatments in wheat seeds improved the salinity tolerance nonetheless osmopriming (with CaCl2) was the most effective treatments to get higher grain yield and net return in both wheat varieties whereas kinetin was the least effective.
High incidence of obesity co‐morbidities in young children: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bell Lana M , Curran Jacqueline A , Byrne Sue , Roby Heather , Suriano Katie , Jones Timothy W , Davis Elizabeth A 
Published: September 2011

Aim:  The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children is a public health problem because of future morbidity. However, the prevalence of medical complications in overweight and obese primary school children in Australia is not well documented. As part of the larger, prospective cohort Growth and Development Study, this report aimed to identify the medical complications of obesity in a population‐based community sample of primary school‐aged children.Methods:  Two groups of primary school children were studied: a random community sample of overweight/obese children (not seeking treatment) and a matched community sample of normal weight children. Demographics, medical history, family history and symptoms of complications of overweight were collected. Children had a physical examination, oral glucose tolerance tests with insulins, fasting lipid profiles and liver function tests.Results:  Data from 283 children are presented (6.1–13.4 years, mean 9.8 years). There were no differences in birth data, family composition, parental age or socio‐economic status between groups. Overweight and obese children were more likely to complain of musculoskeletal pain, depression, anxiety and bullying, and had more adverse examination findings than control children. They also had more abnormal investigations: overweight children: impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) 1.3%, hyperinsulinism 19.5%, dyslipidaemia 63.8%, raised alanine transaminase (ALT) 9.0%; obese children: IGT 5.3%, hyperinsulinism 38.9%, dyslipidaemia 73.7%, raised ALT 31.6%.Conclusion:  Overweight and obese primary school‐aged children have significant medical complications of their weight status. Overweight children, in addition to obese children, should be screened for complications. A secondary finding is a high proportion of normal weight children with lipid levels outside desirable healthy ranges.
Fatigue life prediction of engineering structures subjected to variable amplitude loading using the improved crack growth rate model
Authors: CHEN F. , WANG F. , CUI W. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIt is a difficult task to predict fatigue crack growth in engineering structures, because they are mostly subjected to variable amplitude loading histories in service. Many prediction models have been proposed, but no agreed model on fatigue life prediction adequately considering loading sequence effects exists. In our previous research, an improved crack growth rate model has been proposed under constant amplitude loading and its good applicability has been demonstrated in comparison with various experimental data. In this paper, the applicability of the improved crack growth rate model will be extended to variable amplitude loading by modifying crack closure level based on the concept of partial crack closure due to crack‐tip plasticity. It is assumed in this model that the crack closure level can instantly go to the peak/valley due to a larger compression/tensile plastic zone resulted from the overload/underload effect, and gradually recovers to the level of constant amplitude loading with crack propagation. To denote the variation in the affected zone of overload/underload, a modified coefficient based on Wheeler model is introduced. The improved crack growth rate model can explain the phenomena of the retardation due to overload and the tiny acceleration due to underload, even the minor retardation due to overload followed by underload. The quantitative analysis will be executed to show the capability of the model, and the comparison between the prediction results and the experimental data under different types of loading history will be used to validate the model. The good agreement indicates that the proposed model is able to explain the load interaction effect under variable amplitude loading.
Regulating the New Equine Industry in Finland. Wicked Problems, Governance Models and Gendered Power Structures
Authors: Andersson Kjell , Lehtola Minna 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe aim in this article is to highlight the clash between an old regulatory framework; the one associated with the peasant state in Finland and a new rural activity sector, horseback riding, by predominately middle‐class women. The method used in the study was case studies with a mix of interviews, documentary analysis and, to some extent, participatory observation. It was found that the peasant state regulatory framework has been superseded by two competing frameworks: a neoliberal one and a ‘neo top‐down’ one strongly associated with the environmental authorities. However, none of these models can satisfactorily deal with the complex challenges posed by the emerging new equine industry. What is needed is a new kind of participatory governance – co‐management – that especially takes into account gender inequalities and strives towards the empowerment of disadvantaged groups.
Exploring the Ecological Dimensions of Producer Strategies in Alternative Food Networks in the UK
Authors: Morris Carol , Kirwan James 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDrawing on data from a research project that focused on the relationship between the biodiversity of grazing and food quality, this article explores the ecological dimensions of alternative food networks in the UK through the concept of ‘styles of ecological engagement’. Context is provided by briefly reviewing two contrasting ways of envisaging the relationship between ecology, food and rural development in policy debates. A qualitative analysis of semi‐structured interviews with actors at the centre of 38 alternative food networks and of associated promotional materials enables the identification of five styles of ecological engagement: ecological conserving, ecological harmonising, ecological breed enthusing, ecological localising and ecological re‐cognising. The article argues that identification and discussion of these styles of ecological engagement is not only helpful in understanding the ecological heterogeneity of alternative food networks but also signals the ways in which their ecological benefits and contribution to rural development might be sustained and enhanced.
The Dissolution of the Monasteries
Authors: BERNARD G. W. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIt is generally held that the monasteries were dissolved by Henry VIII and his leading minister Thomas Cromwell for financial reasons. This article suggests that more important factors were Henry VIII's determination to assert his royal authority and more clearly religious reasons, especially an erasmian scepticism about the value of institutions that set their face against the world and in which superstition flourished. At first Henry sought reform, dissolving the smaller monasteries while allowing monks and nuns to transfer to larger houses, but in the aftermath of the Pilgrimage of Grace, a great rebellion directed above all against that dissolution, the king aimed at and achieved total dissolution, a striking feature of which was the way in which monks and friars when surrendering their houses to the king subscribed to principled denunciations of their past way of life.
Negotiating the Law of Poor Relief in England, 1800–1840
Authors: KING STEVEN 
Published: September 2011

AbstractOver the last two decades, the historiography of poverty and welfare has moved decisively away from considerations of either black letter or case law, in favour of the study of the socio‐cultural experiences of the poor themselves. This article uses a large corpus of pauper letters and other correspondence for a number of Midland counties to argue for a reconsideration of the place of the law in shaping pauper entitlements and beliefs. It argues that paupers had a keen appreciation of both black letter and case law and could rhetoricize this knowledge, bringing it to bear in their attempts to establish deservingness in a poor law system that offered no legal guarantees of relief. Even more importantly, paupers came to have detailed knowledge of the grey areas of the law, a territory on which they could exercise their own agency vis‐à‐vis officials. The article also tries to trace the genealogy of this legal knowledge, suggesting for instance that paupers shared a common linguistic and knowledge platform with officials and advocates.
Victorian Travellers, Apennine Landscapes and the Development of Cultural Heritage in Eastern Liguria, c. 1875–1914
Authors: BALZARETTI ROSS 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article, which focuses on Italian Apennine landscapes in the northern region of Liguria, investigates late nineteenth‐century travel from the perspective of historical ecology. It argues that travellers' observations and reflections can be rich sources for landscape history, and that travel writing is therefore a worthwhile source for ecologists. However, travel writing was a conflicted genre torn between such realistic visions of landscape and more common aesthetic ones, as contemporary views of the perceived picturesqueness of coastal Liguria demonstrate. Historians of travel have been much more interested in ‘aesthetic travellers’, in part because the meaning of travel for identity construction is a more fashionable topic among historians than ecology. Policymakers at both UNESCO and the EU have unfortunately espoused a vision of ‘cultural landscape’ based on aesthetics. Instead a more precise understanding of how past societies created landscapes through practice is essential if these are to be maintained in the future.