bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the role of satellite communications for emergency situations with a focus on Europe
Authors: Franck Laurent , Berioli Matteo , Boutry Philippe , Harles Guy , Ronga Luca Simone , Suffritti Rosalba , Thomasson Laurent 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we describe how satellite communications may contribute to disaster management. During emergency situations, satellite communications present many advantages in supporting or replacing a terrestrial infrastructure (if any) subject to destruction or saturation. However, devising the right deployment model deserves close scrutiny in order to fit the responders' needs and sustain financial viability. After reading the paper, we expect that the answers to the following questions will be made clear: what are the roles of telecommunications in emergency situations? How can satellite technologies help? How to mitigate the cost of deploying and using satellite facilities? Who are the actors currently involved in emergency telecommunications and more specifically satellite‐assisted emergency telecommunications? Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A test for the relationship between a time‐varying marker and both recovery and progression with missing data
Authors: Schoenfeld David A. , Rajicic Natasa , Ficociello Linda H. , Finkelstein Dianne M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFor clinical studies of chronic diseases, patients are followed to determine whether treatment results in either improvement or decline in their clinical status. During periodic exams, laboratory specimens are collected that are believed to reflect both the progression and improvement in the disease status. Often patients miss visits and return with a changed disease status, resulting in interval‐censored laboratory markers and indicators of disease status. The goal of this paper is to propose a single test that would evaluate the relationship between a longitudinal marker and clinical progression or recovery when missing visits result in interval‐censored covariate and outcome data. We apply our test to evaluate the relationship between treatment compliance and progression and remission of renal disease in diabetic patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural health monitoring of wind turbines: method and application to a HAWT
Authors: Adams Douglas , White Jonathan , Rumsey Mark , Farrar Charles 
Published: January 2011

AbstractStructural health monitoring in the context of a Micon 65/13 horizontal axis wind turbine was described in this paper as a process in statistical pattern recognition. Simulation data from a calibrated model with less than 8% error in the first 14 natural frequencies of vibration was used to study the operational response under various wind states as well as the effects of three types of damage in the blade, low speed shaft and yaw joint. It was shown that vertical wind shear and turbulent winds lead to different modal contributions in the operational response of the turbine suggesting that the sensitivity of operational data to damage depends on the wind loads. It is also shown that there is less than a 4% change in the wind turbine natural frequencies given a 25% reduction in the stiffness at the root of one blade. The modal assurance criterion was used to analyse the corresponding changes in modal deflections, and this criterion exhibited nearly orthogonal changes because of the three damage scenarios suggesting that the modal deflection determines which damage is observable at a given frequency for a given wind state. The' modal contribution is calculated as a damage feature, which changes as much as 100% for 50% reductions in blade root stiffness, but only the blade damage is detected using this feature. Operational data was used to study variations in the forced blade response to determine the likelihood that small levels of damage can be detected amidst variations in wind speed across the rotor plane. The standard deviation in measured data was shown to be smallest for the span and edge‐wise measurements at 1P due to gravity, which provides the dominant forcing function at this frequency. A 3% change in the response in the span and edge‐wise directions because of damage is required to detect a change of three standard deviations in contrast to the 90% change in flap direction response that is required to detect a similar change because of damage. The dynamic displacement in the span direction is then used to extract a damage feature from the simulation data that provides the ability to both locate and quantify the reduction in stiffness in the blade root. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunohistochemical study of hepatocyte, cholangiocyte and stem cell markers of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shibuya Makoto , Kondo Fukuo , Sano Keiji , Takada Tadahiro , Asano Takehide 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground/purposeHepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) commonly originate from pre‐malignant lesions consisting of mature hepatocytes. However, recent studies have suggested that some HCCs emerge from hepatic stem/progenitor cells because stem/progenitor cell markers and cholangiocyte markers are found in these HCCs. At the same time, the expression of stem/progenitor cell markers and cholangiocyte markers may also indicate de‐differentiation and transdifferentiation of ordinary HCC cells. This study was performed to help clarify the uncertainty surrounding these HCCs.MethodsSixty‐eight surgically resected HCC lesions no larger than 5 cm were studied immunohistochemically using a hepatocyte marker (Hepatocyte), 2 cholangiocyte markers (cytokeratins CK7 and CK19), a marker for mucin (Muc1), and a hepatic stem/progenitor cell marker (C‐kit).ResultsHepatocyte, CK7, CK19, Muc1 and C‐kit were positively stained in 68 cases (100%), 51 cases (75.0%), 15 cases (22.1%), 8 cases (11.8%) and 8 cases (11.8%), respectively. In those cases positive for CK7, CK19, Muc1 and C‐kit, the positively stained cells formed small foci within a large area of negatively stained cells. Small‐sized positive cells suggesting hepatic/stem cell origin were found rarely.ConclusionsThe positivity of cholangiocyte markers, the stem/progenitor cell marker and mucin production were thought to be due to transdifferentiation of HCC cells rather than malignant transformation of stem/progenitor cells.
Interaction of SET domains with histones and nucleic acid structures in active chromatin
Authors: Krajewski Wladyslaw A. , Vassiliev Oleg L. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Changes in the normal program of gene expression are the basis for a number of human diseases. Epigenetic control of gene expression is programmed by chromatin modifications—the inheritable “histone code”—the major component of which is histone methylation. This chromatin methylation code of gene activity is created upon cell differentiation and is further controlled by the “SET” (methyltransferase) domain proteins which maintain this histone methylation pattern and preserve it through rounds of cell division. The molecular principles of epigenetic gene maintenance are essential for proper treatment and prevention of disorders and their complications. However, the principles of epigenetic gene programming are not resolved. Here we discuss some evidence of how the SET proteins determine the required states of target genes and maintain the required levels of their activity. We suggest that, along with other recognition pathways, SET domains can directly recognize the nucleosome and nucleic acids intermediates that are specific for active chromatin regions.
Biosensoren der Zukunft: Patientennahe in vitro-Diagnostik für personalisierte Medizin
Authors: Bier Frank F. , Schumacher Soeren 
Published: January 2011

Einleitung
Sowohl demografische Entwicklungen als auch neue Erkenntnisse in der molekularen Medizin stellen an die Biosensorik hohe Anforderungen. in vitro-Diagnostik muss schnell, personalisiert und nah am Ort der Probenentnahme geschehen, um den Therapieerfolg einhergehend mit Kostenersparnis und einer höheren Lebensqualität für den Patienten sicherzustellen. Somit müssen neue Wege beschritten werden, die ein Höchstmaß an transdisziplinärem Denken und Handeln fordern wie etwa bei der Konvergenz etablierter Technologien oder der vollständigen Integration aller (Prozess- und Analytik-) Komponenten.
Analysis of fertilizer subsidy programs and ecosystem services in Malawi
Authors: Mhango Jarret , Dick Jan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper evaluates the delivery of ecosystem services under different regimes of agricultural input subsidy in post-independent Malawi using (1) the protocol of the Millennium Ecosystem Service to characterize the services; and (2) the panarchy framework to describe the relationships among the political regimes, economic growth [gross domestic product (GDP)] and food security. Ecosystem services are the benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems that support, directly or indirectly, human survival and quality of life. Panarchy is a nested set of adaptive cycles that provides a tool to explore the conductivity of ecological and social-cultural systems. The Malawian temporal political landscape has experienced several reorganizations since independence, in which the governments of Malawi have initiated socio-economic growth of the economy through implementation of different farmer input subsidy programs with variable success. The most recent agricultural subsidy program (2005–2009) appears to have shown an improvement in food security for the people of Malawi. However, this may be at the expense of an increased rate of decline in other ecosystem services, especially arable land resources and forestry. If agricultural subsidies continue to be implemented without a holistic understanding of all ecosystem services delivered to the whole country, then the system will be unsustainable. We recommend the ecosystem service approach and the panarchy framework as potentially useful tools for policy makers.
Quantitative proteomic analyses of the response of acidophilic microbial communities to different pH conditions
Authors: Belnap Christopher P , Pan Chongle , Denef Vincent J , Samatova Nagiza F , Hettich Robert L , Banfield Jillian F 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Extensive genomic characterization of multi-species acid mine drainage microbial consortia combined with laboratory cultivation has enabled the application of quantitative proteomic analyses at the community level. In this study, quantitative proteomic comparisons were used to functionally characterize laboratory-cultivated acidophilic communities sustained in pH 1.45 or 0.85 conditions. The distributions of all proteins identified for individual organisms indicated biases for either high or low pH, and suggests pH-specific niche partitioning for low abundance bacteria and archaea. Although the proteome of the dominant bacterium, Leptospirillum group II, was largely unaffected by pH treatments, analysis of functional categories indicated proteins involved in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, as well as cell membrane/envelope biogenesis were overrepresented at high pH. Comparison of specific protein abundances indicates higher pH conditions favor Leptospirillum group III, whereas low pH conditions promote the growth of certain archaea. Thus, quantitative proteomic comparisons revealed distinct differences in community composition and metabolic function of individual organisms during different pH treatments. Proteomic analysis revealed other aspects of community function. Different numbers of phage proteins were identified across biological replicates, indicating stochastic spatial heterogeneity of phage outbreaks. Additionally, proteomic data were used to identify a previously unknown genotypic variant of Leptospirillum group II, an indication of selection for a specific Leptospirillum group II population in laboratory communities. Our results confirm the importance of pH and related geochemical factors in fine-tuning acidophilic microbial community structure and function at the species and strain level, and demonstrate the broad utility of proteomics in laboratory community studies.
Type 2 Diabetes and Persons at High Risk of Diabetes
Authors: Geiss Linda S. , Cowie Catherine C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis chapter documents the past growth of diabetes in the United States, and warns about a possible future in which effective public health policies to prevent or reduce the public health burden of diabetes have not been implemented. It documents trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes, identifies population groups that are particularly vulnerable to the disease, briefly discusses leading risk factors, examines trends in prediabetes and gestational diabetes, and analyzes projections of the future burden of diabetes. Because epidemiologic sources of disease data are unable to distinguish between types of diabetes, and because the vast majority of people with diabetes have type 2, the data presented within the chapter reflect type 2 diabetes.
Risk Factors for Type 2 and Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Dabelea Dana , Lawrence Jean M. , Meigs James B. , Teff Karen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of key risk factors for type 2 diabetes, beginning with metabolic risk factors, including those that are related directly to obesity, followed by discussions of overweight itself with consideration of the obesity epidemic; behavioral risk factors; early-life risk factors; demographic, social, and community factors; and a discussion of risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Type 2 diabetes is a complex disease, driven by a multitude of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors, which is rapidly emerging as one of the most critical public health threats of our time. There is, however, reason for optimism with a dose of realism. Opportunities for primary prevention derive from the clear and compelling evidence that sustained, moderate weight loss can markedly reduce the risk of development of type 2 diabetes.
Non-Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Libman Ingrid M. , LaPorte Ronald E. , Libman Astrid M. , Arias Pablo 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough type 2 is the most frequent type of diabetes around the world, type 1 remains the main form of diabetes in childhood. Inherited diabetes syndromes, such as maturity-onset diabetes of youth (MODY), have also received attention in recent years as more information has become available on their pathophysiology and optimal management. This chapter summarizes available information on the prevalence and incidence of non-type 2 diabetes and its risk factors. It includes discussion of type 1 diabetes and diabetes that is (1) related to genetic defects of β-cell function such as MODY and neonatal diabetes, (2) associated with pancreatic disease such as cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD), (3) caused by drugs and toxins, and (4) related to certain common genetic syndromes such as Down's syndrome.
Diabetes and Acute Metabolic Complications, Infections, and Inflammation
Authors: Egede Leonard E. , Soule Jeremy B. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This chapter discusses the complications, infections, and inflammation associated with diabetes. These include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, hypoglycemia, influenza and pneumonia, lower-extremity infections, and mucormycosis and malignant otitis externa.
Diabetes and Vision
Authors: Klein Ronald , Saaddine Jinan B. , Klein Barbara E. K. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA primary function of the eye is to provide sharp vision for both near and distant activities. To achieve this, the ocular media of the eye (cornea, lens, vitreous gel) must be clear, and the structure and function of the retina and optic nerve must be undisturbed. Vision may be lost due to abnormalities in the structure and function of small retinal blood vessels (retinopathy). Progression of diabetic retinopathy may result in swelling of the central portion of the retina or of the macula (macular edema) and/or lead to the growth of new, fragile retinal blood vessels with bleeding into the vitreous gel in front of the retina (vitreous hemorrhage) and traction on the macula. Loss of vision from these advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy can be prevented with timely detection and treatment before bleeding or traction has occurred. This chapter reviews the epidemiology of visual loss associated with early and advanced stages of these ocular complications and discusses public health interventions.
Diabetes and Disability, Cognitive Decline, and Aging-Related Outcomes
Authors: Volpato Stefano , Maraldi Cinzia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus rises steeply with age. As a result of the ongoing demographic transition and aging of the overall population, in Western countries older people account for more than one-third of the adult population with diabetes. In the past few years epidemiologic and clinical studies have consistently associated diabetes with numerous clinical outcomes that are typical of the oldest population, outcomes that are referred to as geriatric syndromes. These conditions, of which physical and cognitive impairment, falls, and depression are among the most common, are increasingly affecting the older diabetic population and already represent a looming sword of Damocles for patients and health care systems in term of quality of life and health care costs. This chapter summarizes the most compelling evidence for the relationship between diabetes and these emerging late-life complications and discusses potential avenues for secondary and tertiary prevention.
Diabetes and Mortality
Authors: Saydah Sharon H. , Eberhardt Mark S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the changes in diabetes mortality for the entire population and among persons with diabetes. It examines sociodemographic differences in deaths from diabetes and the contribution of diabetes to other causes of death. Factors that are related to mortality, especially modifiable factors, are discussed. Measurement issues, such as factors associated with diabetes when diabetes is listed as the underlying rather than a related cause of death on death certificates, are also discussed.
Effectiveness of Interventions at the Health System, Provider, and Patient Levels to Improve the Quality of Diabetes Care
Authors: Kim Catherine , Choe Hae Mi , Kwok Yeong , Wyckoff Jennifer 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe identification, treatment, and control of diabetes complications and the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease can reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. This chapter reviews the results from different meta-analyses and reviews designed to address the effectiveness of different interventions. It describes interventions aimed at the health care system and health care providers, interventions aimed at individuals, and features of these interventions associated with their success. Finally, the chapter looks at implications for policy.
The Quality of Diabetes Care and the Prevention and Control of Diabetes in Developing Countries
Authors: Mohan Viswanathan , Pradeepa Rajendra 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Developing countries have about 80% of the world's diabetic population. In India the prevalence rates for diabetes in urban areas now approach figures reported for the more affluent migrant Indians living abroad. The epidemic is now shifting to rural areas, where diabetes care is neither available, accessible, nor affordable. This chapter describes the present status of quality of diabetes care and how it can be measured in the context of developing countries. It assesses the prevention and control activities for diabetes and highlights some successful prevention strategies at the community level in India that can be used as a model for prevention of diabetes in other developing nations.
Diabetes Prevention and Control Programs in Developing Countries
Authors: Ramachandran Ambady , Snehalatha Chamukuttan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis chapter discusses diabetes prevention and control in developing countries. Diabetes is a major health care burden in both developed and developing countries. There is evidence from well-planned, randomized, controlled prevention programs that primary prevention of type 2 diabetes is possible in developing countries. Lifestyle modification and metformin have been shown to be highly effective in reducing incident diabetes in high-risk groups. With the help of the American Diabetes Association, the International Diabetes Federation, the World Health Organization, and similar organizations, national diabetes control programs have been initiated even in several developing nations.
Public Health Policy Decisions and Diabetes
Authors: Vinicor Frank 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates the breadth and “power” of selected diabetes policies. It discusses ones that are relatively simple which could be directly implemented within a clinic without great difficulty. The chapter talks about policies of such potential impact that they could ultimately influence all people with diabetes in a large metropolitan area, in a country such as the United States, or even throughout the world. Policies of such potential impact are, not surprisingly, both challenging and controversial.
Empowering Settings and Voices for Social Change
Authors: Kelly James G. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This book combines a focus on understanding social settings as loci for empowering intervention with a focus on understanding and giving voice to citizens. The book illuminates advances in theory and method relevant to changing a broad spectrum of social settings (including programs, organizations, institutions, communities, and social policy) from a strengths-based perspective. Three cross-cutting concepts—a strengths-based approach to research and social action, empowerment, and narrative research methods—serve as integrating and foundational themes. Part I takes up issues of setting processes and outcomes of influence, research methods, and implications for setting and community change efforts and social policy. Part II examines how action scientists have sought to understand and amplify the voices of those individuals and communities who serve as the focus of their research and social change actions. Finally, the chapters in Part III seek to situate the rest of the volume's chapters in the context of decades of work on empowering settings, giving voice and social change.
Changing Social Settings: A Framework for Action
Authors: Seidman Edward , Tseng Vivian 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis chapter offers a framework for action for improving social settings. It first offers a brief summary that explains how to understand the ways social settings function. It focuses on several underlying approaches for social intervention, their accompanying strategies and tactics, and how they are targeted at one or more features and/or processes of a social setting. The goal of each intervention strategy is to improve social settings and to foster the development and well-being of those within the setting. The chapter underscores the importance of amplifying the strengths and empowerment of the social setting to each strategy.
Empowering Community Settings: Theory, Research, and Action
Authors: Maton Kenneth I. , Brodsky Anne E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis chapter provides a a modest attempt to build on Julian Rappaport's vision of a community psychology in which empowerment is the guiding motif to life. Drawing upon research on three different kinds of empowering settings, it delineates, in more detail, the setting-specific: mediators through which organizational characteristics empower setting members and the pathways through which community betterment and positive social change occur—member-radiating influence and external organizational activities.