bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Porous Energetic Spherulites via Solvation‐Growth Coupling for Enhanced Combustion
Authors: Li Min , Zhou Xin , Han Dandan , Zhang Qi , Li Xiaodong , Li Hongzhen , Gong Junbo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of materials with hierarchical structures has garnered great interest, owing to the potential for significantly enhancing their functions. Herein, a strategy of coupling molecular solvation and crystal growth is presented to fabricate porous spherulites of 2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexanitro‐2,4,6,8,10,12‐hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20), an important energetic material. With the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the antisolvent crystallization, the metastable solvate of CL‐20 is formed and grows spherulitically, and spontaneously desolvates to obtain the porous spherulite when filtration, in which the characteristic peak of the nitro group of CL‐20 shifts detected by the in situ micro‐confocal Raman spectroscopy. The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone is thought to induce the solvation of CL‐20, confirmed by density functional theory calculations, meanwhile acting on the (020) face of CL‐20 to trigger spherulitic growth, demonstrated through infrared spectroscopy and Rietveld refinement of powder X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, compared to common CL‐20 crystals, porous spherulites exhibit enhanced combustion with increases of 6.24% in peak pressure, 40.21% in pressurization rate, and 9.63% in pressure duration effect, indicating the capability of hierarchical structures to boost the energy release of energetic crystals. This work demonstrates a new route via solvation‐growth coupling to construct hierarchical structures for organic crystals and provides insight into the structure‐property relations for material design.
DFT Guided Design and Preparation of Quasi‐Nanocrystalline Hf–La2O3 Cathode with Unprecedented Thermal Emission Performance
Authors: Hao Liyu , Shen Shangkun , Wang Shiwei , Zhang Shuangle , Liu Xing , Wang Yufei , Fu Engang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the guidance of density functional theory (DFT), a high‐performance hafnium (Hf) cathode for an air/water vapor plasma torch is designed and the concepts and principles for high performance are elucidated. A quasi‐nanocrystalline hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) Hf–La2O3 cathode based on these design principles is successfully fabricated via a powder metallurgy route. Under identical voltage and temperature conditions, the thermal emission current density of this quasi‐nanocrystalline Hf–La2O3 cathode is ≈20 times greater than that of conventional Hf cathodes. Additionally, its cathodic lifespan is significantly extended. Quasi‐nanocrystalline Hf–La2O3 products are manufactured into cathode devices with standard dimensions. This fabrication process is straightforward, requires minimal doped oxides, and is cost‐effective. Consequently, the approach offers substantial performance enhancements over traditional Hf melting methods without incurring significantly additional costs.
Designing Nanofluidic Channels of Boron Nitride Nanosheets/Aramid Nanofibers/Covalent Organic Frameworks Nanofiltration Membrane for Ultrafast Mass Transport
Authors: Ning Doudou , Lu Zhaoqing , Hua Li , Zhang Xinyi , Li Nan , Huang Kaiyue , E Songfeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D lamellar nanofiltration membrane is considered to be a promising approach for desalinating seawater/brackish water and recycling sewage. However, its practical feasibility is severely constrained by the lack of durability and stability. Herein, a ternary nanofiltration membrane via a mixed‐dimensional assembly of 2D boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) is fabricated, 1D aramid nanofibers (ANF), and 2D covalent organic frameworks (COF). The abundant 2D and 1D nanofluid channels endow the BNNS/ANF/COF membrane with a high flux of 194 L·m‒2·h‒1. By the synergies of the size sieving and Donnan effect, the BNNS/ANF/COF membrane demonstrates high rejection (among 98%) for those dyes whose size exceeds 1.0 nm. Moreover, the BNNS/ANF/COF membrane also exhibits remarkable durability and mechanical stability, which are attributed to the strong adhesion and interactions between BNNS, ANF, and COF, as well as the superior mechanical robustness of ANF. This work provides a novel strategy to develop robust and durable 2D lamellar nanofiltration membranes with high permeance and selectivity simultaneously.
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry method for quantification of octadecylamine in the secondary circuit of a nuclear power plant in the presence of other amines
Authors: Bosco Ackerman Bettina , Martín Silvana , Espinosa Mariela , Chocrón Mauricio , Babay Paola Alejandra 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOctadecylamine (ODA) is the most widely used film‐forming amine in the nuclear industry. Its function is to minimize corrosion. In this work, we developed and validated a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry method that allows the quantification of ODA in the presence of other amines in the secondary system of nuclear power plants operating under all‐volatile treatment chemistry. Sample stabilities greater than 95% were achieved after 1 week of being taken in acetonitrile 1:1. The method showed a high selectivity allowing the measurement of ODA in the presence of other amines. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.0025–0.1025 mg/L. The limit of detection and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1.8 and 2.2 µg/L, respectively for an injection volume of 3 µL. Lower LOQs can be achieved by increasing the injection volume, making the method applicable even in the first hours and days of treatment. The bias of the method was less than 10% and the relative standard deviation of reproducibility was less than 15%. The sample stabilization was robust and the uncertainty associated with the method was acceptable. The method was applied to a real sample taken after a few years of treatment and a concentration of 0.15 mg/L was measured.
Early‐age cracking due to restraint: Laboratory and field investigations on the predictive capacity of the simplified method in Annex D of the future EC2
Authors: Menga Antonia , Torrenti Jean‐Michel , Kanstad Terje , Klausen Anja Birgitta Estensen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Annex D of the future EC2 draft gives guidance on the evaluation of early‐age cracking of large structures due to restraint. In case of restrained conditions, compressive stresses are firstly generated in massive structures due to temperature increase, then tensile stresses are generated due to temperature decrease and shrinkage. Due to these tensile stresses, there is a risk of cracking which may be evaluated by the simplified method in Annex D. This method is currently verified against laboratory tests performed in the temperature‐stress testing machine and field cases on restrained concrete elements. The laboratory verification consisted of five approaches to consider different available input (modeled, assumed, or measured). The field investigation focused on the relation between the calculated cracking risk and the observed damage. The results show that the method has very good accuracy and captures with reasonable simplicity the mechanisms and the relations between the parameters involved.
Introduction to Human Privacy in Virtual and Physical Worlds
Authors: Lacity Mary C. , Coon Lynda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, the editors of Human Privacy in Virtual and Physical Worlds introduce readers to the aims of this book, which are to understand human privacy from multiple disciplines and to inspire privacy researchers to broaden their research perspectives beyond the limitations of a single disciplinary lens. This introductory chapter sets up the tripartite structure for the entire book: foundations of human privacy, technical views on privacy, and domain-specific views of privacy. In all, contributors hail from ten different fields, including anthropology, architecture, data science, engineering, history, information systems, library sciences, medicine, philosophy, and supply chain management. This introductory chapter summarizes each individual chapter and identifies four themes from across the chapters: First, privacy is best understood as a multifaceted, contextual, and temporal concept, which means that any attempts to identify universal truths would diminish the depth of understanding. Second, individuals’ rights to privacy are often in conflict with the group’s desire or right to know; finding the balance involves power and structural constructs. Third, privacy law permeates many discussions because professionals in every field must adhere to restrictions relevant to their jurisdiction; most authors advocate privacy-enhancing policies and practices beyond mere legal compliance. Finally, while the chapters written by the philosopher and the anthropologist caution against assuming that individual privacy is universally valued and should invariably be safeguarded, the authors of the technology and domain-specific chapters predominantly advocate for the valuation and protection of individual privacy and offer concrete practices to protect privacy.
Entertainment-Education and Climate Change: Program Examples, Evidence, and Best Practices from around the World
Authors: Sood Suruchi , Riley Amy Henderson , Birkenstock Lyena 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEntertainment-education is a global theory-driven and evidence-based storytelling strategy that promotes social and behavioral change. A formal review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature, alongside consultations with program and industry experts, revealed several contemporary examples of entertainment-education and climate change. Late-night comedy, with the inclusion of climate change storylines within popular entertainment, is common in the Global North. In the Global South, climate adaptation and mitigation narratives are situated in formats portraying audiences’ lived experiences. Crosscutting trends relate to documentary storytelling, children’s programming, and future efforts. Recommendations include re-examining theories across the social–ecological model; placing entertainment front and center; including messaging on rewards; using positive language; linking climate change with other issues; and emphasizing formative, process, and impact evaluation. Entertainment-education may be a promising vehicle for climate change communication, but the strategy requires a multidisciplinary set of changemakers working collaboratively to create meaningful and relevant programs.
Monkeypox Diagnosis in Clinical Settings: A Comprehensive Review of Best Laboratory Practices
Authors: Jain Nityanand , Umar Tungki Pratama , Sayad Reem , Mokresh Muhammed Edib , Tandarto Kevin , Siburian Reynold , Liana Phey , Laivacuma Sniedze , Reinis Aigars 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn outbreak of monkeypox (Mpox) was reported in more than 40 countries in early 2022. Accurate diagnosis of Mpox can be challenging, but history, clinical findings, and laboratory diagnosis can establish the diagnosis. The pre-analytic phase of testing includes collecting, storing, and transporting specimens. It is advised to swab the lesion site with virus transport medium (VTM) containing Dacron or polyester flock swabs from two different sites. Blood, urine, and semen samples may also be used. Timely sampling is necessary to obtain a sufficient amount of virus or antibodies. The analytical phase of infectious disease control involves diagnostic tools to determine the presence of the virus. While polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard for detecting Mpox, genome sequencing is for identifying new or modified viruses. As a complement to these methods, isothermal amplification methods have been designed. ELISAassays are also available for the determination of antibodies. Electron microscopy is another effective diagnostic method for tissue identification of the virus. Wastewater fingerprinting provides some of the most effective diagnostic methods for virus identification at the community level. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are further discussed. Post-analytic phase requires proper interpretation of test results and the preparation of accurate patient reports that include relevant medical history, clinical guidelines, and recommendations for follow-up testing or treatment.
Anticorruption Institutional Improvements and Operation Car Wash
Authors: Rodrigues Fabiana Alves 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe task of understanding how corruption occurs within the political and economic systems involves an ambitious undertaking that cuts across different branches of knowledge and different approaches, ranging from the definition of the phenomenon itself and its causes to the proposition of institutional frames designed to curb or discourage corrupt behavior. The most recent researches on corruption highlight that, since the end of the 1970s, there has been a significant increase in academic production that has come to treat corruption as a harmful phenomenon that imposes bottlenecks on economic development.
The Public and the Private in Odebrecht’s Vocabulary
Authors: Trombini Maria Eugenia , dos Santos Raphael Bischof 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIt was announced in Congress that a “criminal society” formed by construction companies was in charge of public sector decisions, directing bids and overcharging expenses in order to divert resources to political campaigns. Despite the similarities with Carwash operation, the year was 1993, when Odebrecht was luckier in weathering scandals. This paper asks what are the ways that enabled a particular pattern of state-firm relations from emerging by looking at one of the country’s largest private companies. It uses historical and judicial documents as sources to identify organizational knowledge as the main explanatory variable for the behavior of executives when interacting with state officials. This contribution scrutinizes a determinant for systemic corruption in a developmental state that is informal, durable and useful from the stand-point of corporations.
Effects on neutrino propagation in space-time foam of D-branes revisited
Authors: Li Chengyi , Ma Bo-Qiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Neutrinos from the cosmos have proven to be ideal for probing the nature of space-time. Previous studies on high-energy events of IceCube suggested that some of these events might be gamma-ray burst neutrinos, with their speeds varying linearly with their energy, implying also the coexistence of subluminal and superluminal propagation. However, a recent reanalysis of the data, incorporating revised directional information, reveals stronger signals that neutrinos are actually being slowed down compared to previous suggestion of neutrino speed variation. Thus, it is worth discussing its implications for the brane/string inspired framework of space-time foam, which has been used to explain previous observations. We revisit effects on neutrino propagation from specific foam models within the framework, indicating that the implied violation of Lorentz invariance could necessarily cause the neutrino to decelerate. We therefore argue that this sort of model is in agreement with the updated phenomenological indication just mentioned. An extended analysis of the revised IceCube data will further test these observations and stringy quantum gravity.
Superconformal anomalies from superconformal Chern-Simons polynomials
Authors: Imbimbo Camillo , Rovere Davide , Warman Alison 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider the 4-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Lie superconformal algebra and search for completely “symmetric” (in the graded sense) 3-index invariant tensors. The solution we find is unique and we show that the corresponding invariant polynomial cubic in the generalized curvatures of superconformal gravity vanishes. Consequently, the associated Chern-Simons polynomial is a non-trivial anomaly cocycle. We explicitly compute this cocycle to all orders in the independent fields of superconformal gravity and establish that it is BRST equivalent to the so-called superconformal a-anomaly. We briefly discuss the possibility that the superconformal c-anomaly also admits a similar Chern-Simons formulation and the potential holographic, 5-dimensional, interpretation of our results.
State-independent black hole interiors from the crossed product
Authors: Krishnan Chethan , Mohan Vyshnav 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Opinion is divided about the nature of state dependence in the black hole interior. Some argue that it is a necessary feature, while others argue it is a bug. In this paper, we consider the extended half-sided modular translation U (s0) (with s0 > 0) of Leutheusser and Liu that takes us inside the horizon. We note that we can use this operator to construct a modular Hamiltonian H and a conjugation J on the infalling time-evolved wedges. The original thermofield double translates to a new cyclic and separating vector in the shifted algebra. We use these objects and the Connes’ cocycle to repeat Witten’s crossed product construction in this new setting, and to obtain a Type II∞ algebra that is independent of the various choices, in particular that of the cyclic separating vector. Our emergent times are implicitly boundary-dressed. But if one admits an “extra” observer in the interior, we argue that the (state-independent) algebra can be Type I or Type II1 instead of Type II∞, depending on whether the observer’s light cone contains an entire Cauchy slice or not. Along with these general considerations, we present some specific calculations in the setting of the Poincare BTZ black hole. We identify a specific pointwise (as opposed to non-local) modular translation in BTZ-Kruskal coordinates that is analytically tractable, exploiting a connection with AdS-Rindler. This modular translation can reach the singularity.
Generalized covariant entropy bound in Einstein gravity with quadratic curvature corrections
Authors: Zhu Hu , Jiang Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We explore the generalized covariant entropy bound in the theory where Einstein gravity is perturbed by quadratic curvature terms, which can be viewed as the first-order quantum correction to Einstein gravity. By replacing the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy with the holographic entanglement entropy of this theory and introducing two reasonable physical assumptions, we demonstrate that the corresponding Generalized Covariant Entropy Bound is satisfied under a first-order approximation of the perturbation from the quadratic curvature terms. Our findings suggest that the entropy bound and the Generalized Second Law of black holes are satisfied in the Einstein gravity under the first-order perturbation from the quadratic curvature corrections, and they also imply that the generalized covariant entropy bound may still hold even after considering the quantum correction of gravity, but in this case, we may need to use holographic entanglement entropy as the formula for gravitational entropy.
Is CAA a perivascular brain clearance disease? A discussion of the evidence to date and outlook for future studies
Authors: van Veluw Susanne J. , Benveniste Helene , Bakker Erik N. T. P. , Carare Roxana O. , Greenberg Steven M. , Iliff Jeffrey J. , Lorthois Sylvie , Van Nostrand William E. , Petzold Gabor C. , Shih Andy Y. , van Osch Matthias J. P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe brain’s network of perivascular channels for clearance of excess fluids and waste plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is the main cause of hemorrhagic stroke in the elderly, the most common vascular comorbidity in Alzheimer’s disease and also implicated in adverse events related to anti-amyloid immunotherapy. Remarkably, the mechanisms governing perivascular clearance of soluble amyloid β—a key culprit in CAA—from the brain to draining lymphatics and systemic circulation remains poorly understood. This knowledge gap is critically important to bridge for understanding the pathophysiology of CAA and accelerate development of targeted therapeutics. The authors of this review recently converged their diverse expertise in the field of perivascular physiology to specifically address this problem within the framework of a Leducq Foundation Transatlantic Network of Excellence on Brain Clearance. This review discusses the overarching goal of the consortium and explores the evidence supporting or refuting the role of impaired perivascular clearance in the pathophysiology of CAA with a focus on translating observations from rodents to humans. We also discuss the anatomical features of perivascular channels as well as the biophysical characteristics of fluid and solute transport.
Dispersive decay bound of small data solutions to Kawahara equation in a finite time scale
Authors: Lee Jongwon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this article, we prove that small localized data yield solutions to Kawahara-type equations which have linear dispersive decay on a finite time scale depending on the size of the initial data. We use the similar method used by Ifrim and Tataru to derive the dispersive decay bound of the solutions to the KdV equation, with some steps being simpler. This result is expected to be the first result of the small data global bounds of the fifth-order dispersive equations with quadratic nonlinearity.
Population growth in growing and declining cities: the role of balanced-budget increases in local government spending
Authors: Brasington David M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTiebout sorting describes people moving to communities that most closely match people's preferences over taxes and public services. This Tiebout equilibrium is disturbed when cities vote to increase taxes and spending. We study the effect of increased taxes and public spending on population growth in growing and declining cities. Using regression discontinuity to compare otherwise similar cities, we find increasing local government taxes and spending by 15% can increase population growth rates. The increase is only evident the year after the vote. For the general sample, the increase is 0.4 percentage points, but it is 0.8 percentage points (25% of a standard deviation) for growing cities with below-median percentages of elderly residents. In cities with declining population, passing large tax levies increases population growth rates by 0.9 percentage points the year after the vote—33% of a standard deviation. Instead of cutting taxes and services, cities with declining population might instead consider providing additional public services to stem population declines. Most migration studies use a fairly large geographical unit like states, counties, and urban areas; our study contributes to the literature by studying migration at the local government level (cities, villages, and townships).
Holonomy of the Planar Brownian Motion in a Poisson Punctured Plane
Authors: Sauzedde Isao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe define a family of diffeomorphism-invariant models of random connections on principal G-bundles over the plane, whose curvatures are concentrated on singular points. We study the limit when the number of points grows to infinity whilst the singular curvature on each point diminishes, and prove that the holonomy along a Brownian trajectory converges towards an explicit limit.