bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eat Me… Drink Me…
Authors: Lally Sean 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSean Lally of WEATHERS lets out a rallying cry to all architects. He calls on them to make environmental conditions the subject of design rather than regarding them as a standardised part of a building's services. Here he highlights the potential of material systems, which are usually applied to conditioning the interiors of buildings, in the generation of new forms and activities; whether it is in the honing of the performance aspect of a building's function, as in the Water Cube at Beijing (2008), or in the seasonal planning that underpins the concept behind WEATHERS' Wanderings project (2008‐9). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bugs, Bats and Animal Estates: The Architectural Territories of ‘Wild Beasts’
Authors: Campkin Ben 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFor architecture, animals and insects have conventionally represented the threat of infestation ‐ a parasitic and insanitary uninvited presence. Could the animal world, however, offer previously untapped opportunities for design innovation? At a time when the relationship between architecture and nature is coming under question, Ben Campkin takes the opportunity to bring attention to the wider social and geographical processes lying beneath the occupation of the man‐made environment by insect and animal life. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
It's in Your Nature: I'm Lost in Paris
Authors: Arbona Javier 
Published: April 2010

AbstractR&Sie(n)'s installation I'm Lost in Paris (2008), a disturbing take on the ecological house, epitomises the preoccupation of the French architect François Roche with the contradictions of modern nature. Javier Arbona tracks how Roche's notion of nature as ‘a partly human artifice’ which is both alien and personalised play out in his various projects, capitulating between attempts at overcoming alienation and heightening it. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amphibious Territories
Authors: Berman Ila 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSince 2005, when Hurricane Katrina wreaked havoc on the Gulf Coast and New Orleans, our polarised perception of land and water has been irrevocably shifted by the failure of static levee flood‐control systems. Ila Berman explains how a more fluid geographical approach to land and water, which places an emphasis on continuous mutable ecologies, is key to a more sustainable future. She describes four experimental projects that are ground‐breaking in their treatment of the relationship between the aquatic and terra firma. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Has Happened to Territory?
Authors: Picon Antoine 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the concluding article of the main section of this issue, Antoine Picon evokes the earlier meaning of territory for administrators, architects and engineers, as lands that were integrated into nations or colonies by the early modern European countries. Picon traces how 18th‐ and 19th‐century perceptions of territory with an emphasis on administrative separation fed into an attitude of both distance and sensitivity to landscape, as exemplified by the Romantic movement in painting and literature; a heritage that continued into the 20th century in architecture with its emphasis on rationalisation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fiddling While the World Burns
Authors: Spiller Neil 
Published: April 2010

AbstractNeil Spiller sharpens his claws and puts some bite into his final ‘Bits' in this closing edition of AD+. He addresses the pressing question of climate change and politicians’, architects' and the construction industry's general proclivity to bury their heads in the sand or to ‘fiddle’ tangentially in another direction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergence and the Forms of Cities
Authors: Weinstock Michael 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMichael Weinstock's significant new book The Architecture of Emergence: The Evolution of Form in Nature and Civilisation calls into question the received notion of culture. Rather than perceiving civilisation as intrinsically human or humanist, standing outside and beyond nature, Weinstock positions human development alongside ecological development: the history of cultural evolution and the production of cities are set in the context of processes and forms of the natural world. In this extract from Chapter 7, Weinstock charts how the proliferation of cities and systems of cities and their extended metabolic systems across the world were characterised by episodic and irregular expansions, consolidation, collapse and subsequent reorganisation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lumbar ontogenetic growth and sexual dimorphism in modern humans
Authors: Valverde Elías , Gálvez‐López Eloy , Alba‐Fernández Carmiña , del Río Luís , Casinos Adrià 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo detect and differentiate between possible heterochronic processes in the ontogenetic growth pattern of the human lumbar region, in relationship with sexual dimorphism. We measured the growth trajectories of average length and width, length/width ratio, posterior projected surface area, and bone mineral density using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, in a sample group of 1718 modern humans. These growth patterns were analyzed using the Gompertz model. In adult lumbar region, only surface area and width were significantly higher in men. Regarding the ontogenetic growth pattern leading to the dimorphic states, all values obtained for women were significantly higher than those obtained for men. Maximum initial growth rates occurred for surface area and density in women. Width scaled faster than length in both sexes. The lumbar region followed patterns similar to those of other skeletal elements when compared with a previous classification of growth patterns in the human skeleton; however, in this study, the growth rate was slower. With regard to the effect of dimorphism, sexual differences in growth rate accounted for only a small proportion of the variation in lumbar length, mineral density, and surface area. Nevertheless, these sexual differences played an important role in the increase of the length/width ratio, which was reflected in the ages at which sexual dimorphism developed. The sexual dimorphism found in the lumbar region of human adults is not caused by any heterochronic process. The lower values of bone mineral density in adult women could explain the origin of some pathologies related. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 22:596–603, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Silica‐Coated Sub‐Microspheres with Immobilized Metal Ions for the Selective Removal of Bovine Hemoglobin from Bovine Blood
Authors: Zhang Min , Cheng Dan , He Xiwen , Chen Langxing , Zhang Yukui 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMagnetic silica‐coated magnetite (Fe3O4) sub‐microspheres with immobilized metal‐affinity ligands are prepared for protein adsorption. First, magnetite sub‐microspheres were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Then silica was coated on the surface of Fe3O4 particles using a sol–gel method to obtain magnetic silica sub‐microspheres with core‐shell morphology. Next, the trichloro(4‐chloromethylphenyl) silane was immobilized on them, reacted with iminodiacetic acid (IDA), and charged with Cu2+. The obtained magnetic silica sub‐microspheres with immobilized Cu2+ were applied for the absorption of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) and the removal of BHb from bovine blood. The size, morphology, and magnetic properties of the resulting magnetic micro(nano) spheres were investigated by using scanning microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The measurements showed that the magnetic sub‐microspheres are spherical in shape, very uniform in size with a core‐shell, and are almost superparamagnetic. The saturation magnetization of silica‐coated magnetite (Fe3O4) sub‐microspheres reached about 33 emu g−1. Protein adsorption results showed that the sub‐microspheres had a high adsorption capacity for BHb (418.6 mg g−1), low nonspecific adsorption, and good removal of BHb from bovine blood. This opens a novel route for future applications in removing abundant proteins in proteomic analysis.
General and Facile Syntheses of Metal Silicate Porous Hollow Nanostructures
Authors: Zheng Jun , Wu Bing‐Hui , Jiang Zhi‐Yuan , Kuang Qin , Fang Xiao‐Liang , Xie Zhao‐Xiong , Huang Rong‐Bin , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPorous hollow nanostructures have attracted intensive interest owing to their unique structure and promising applications in various fields. A facile hydrothermal synthesis has been developed to prepare porous hollow nanostructures of silicate materials through a sacrificial‐templating process. The key factors, such as the concentration of the free metal cation and the alkalinity of the solution, are discussed. Porous hollow nanostructures of magnesium silicate, nickel silicate, and iron silicate have been successfully prepared by using SiO2 spheres as the template, as well as a silicon source. Several yolk–shell structures have also been fabricated by a similar process that uses silica‐coated composite particles as a template. As‐prepared mesoporous magnesium silicate hollow spheres showed an excellent ability to remove Pb2+ ions in water treatment owing to their large specific surface and unique structures.
Implementation of cordon pricing on urban network with practical approach
Authors: Akiyama Takamasa , Okushima Masashi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe road pricing is regarded as a transport policy to realize the efficient use of urban network. The network analysis with variable demand has been often applied to describe the network level of congestion pricing on the urban network. In the study, the cordon pricing system is analyzed to implement in the urban area with practical approach. It is assumed that the congestion tolls are collected in crossing the cordon lines on the network. Therefore, the scale of cordon zones and the values of congestion tolls would be determined simultaneously to produce the maximum social net benefit. The combinatorial optimization with unit price is formulated. The genetic algorithm (GA) is applied as a practical method to provide the solutions for the combinatorial optimization problem. As the pattern of cordon pricing is determined, the performance of system is estimated to confirm the applicability. It is concluded that the cordon pricing can be applied with the practical approach.
Defining process design space for monoclonal antibody cell culture
Authors: Abu‐Absi Susan Fugett , Yang LiYing , Thompson Patrick , Jiang Canping , Kandula Sunitha , Schilling Bernhard , Shukla Abhinav A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe concept of design space has been taking root as a foundation of in‐process control strategies for biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes. During mapping of the process design space, the multidimensional combination of operational variables is studied to quantify the impact on process performance in terms of productivity and product quality. An efficient methodology to map the design space for a monoclonal antibody cell culture process is described. A failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was used as the basis for the process characterization exercise. This was followed by an integrated study of the inoculum stage of the process which includes progressive shake flask and seed bioreactor steps. The operating conditions for the seed bioreactor were studied in an integrated fashion with the production bioreactor using a two stage design of experiments (DOE) methodology to enable optimization of operating conditions. A two level Resolution IV design was followed by a central composite design (CCD). These experiments enabled identification of the edge of failure and classification of the operational parameters as non‐key, key or critical. In addition, the models generated from the data provide further insight into balancing productivity of the cell culture process with product quality considerations. Finally, process and product‐related impurity clearance was evaluated by studies linking the upstream process with downstream purification. Production bioreactor parameters that directly influence antibody charge variants and glycosylation in CHO systems were identified. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 894–905. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fibrin matrices with affinity‐based delivery systems and neurotrophic factors promote functional nerve regeneration
Authors: Wood Matthew D. , MacEwan Matthew R. , French Alexander R. , Moore Amy M. , Hunter Daniel A. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Moran Daniel W. , Borschel Gregory H. , Sakiyama‐Elbert Shelly E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGlial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) have both been shown to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration following injury and target different neuronal populations. The delivery of either growth factor at the site of injury may, therefore, result in quantitative differences in motor nerve regeneration and functional recovery. In this study we evaluated the effect of affinity‐based delivery of GDNF or NGF from fibrin‐filled nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) on motor nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a 13 mm rat sciatic nerve defect. Seven experimental groups were evaluated consisting of GDNF or NGF and the affinity‐based delivery system (DS) within NGCs, control groups excluding the DS and/or growth factor, and nerve isografts. Groups with growth factor in the conduit demonstrated equivalent or superior performance in behavioral tests and relative muscle mass measurements compared to isografts at 12 weeks. Additionally, groups with GDNF demonstrated greater specific twitch and tetanic force production in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle than the isograft control, while groups with NGF produced demonstrated similar force production compared to the isograft control. Assessment of motor axon regeneration by retrograde labeling further revealed that the number of ventral horn neurons regenerating across NGCs containing GDNF and NGF DS was similar to the isograft group and these counts were greater than the groups without growth factor. Overall, the GDNF DS group demonstrated superior functional recovery and equivalent motor nerve regeneration compared to the isograft control, suggesting it has potential as a treatment for motor nerve injury. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 970–979. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell line‐specific control of recombinant monoclonal antibody production by CHO cells
Authors: O'Callaghan Peter M. , McLeod Jane , Pybus Leon P. , Lovelady Clare S. , Wilkinson Stephen J. , Racher Andrew J. , Porter Alison , James David C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study we compare the cellular control of recombinant human IgG4 monoclonal antibody (Mab) synthesis in different CHO cell lines. Based on comprehensive empirical analyses of mRNA and polypeptide synthetic intermediates we constructed cell line‐specific mathematical models of recombinant Mab manufacture in seven GS‐CHO cell lines varying in specific production rate (qMab) over 350‐fold. This comparative analysis revealed that control of qMab involved both genetic construct and cell line‐specific factors. With respect to the former, all cell lines exhibited excess production of light chain (LC) mRNA and polypeptide relative to heavy chain (HC) mediated by more rapid LC transcription and enhanced LC mRNA stability. Downstream of this, cell lines differed markedly in their relative rates of recombinant mRNA translation, Mab assembly and secretion although HC mRNA abundance and the rate of HC translation generally exerted most control over qMab—the latter being directly proportional to qMab. This study shows that (i) cell lines capable of high qMab exceed a threshold functional competency in all synthetic processes, (ii) the majority of cells in parental and transfected cell populations are functionally limited and (iii) cell engineering strategies to increase Mab production should be cell line specific. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;106: 938–951. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of 2‐Hydroxy‐4,5‐methylenedioxyaryl Ketones as Analogues of Kakuol
Authors: Musso Loana , Dallavalle Sabrina , Merlini Lucio , Farina Gandolfina 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn a study aiming to determine the structural elements essential to the antifungal activity of kakuol, we synthesized a series of 2‐hydroxy‐4,5‐methylenedioxyaryl ketones, and we assayed their in vitro antifungal activity. The most sensitive target organisms to the action of these class of compounds were Phytophthora infestans, Phytium ultimum, Cercospora beticola, Cladosporium cucumerinum, and Rhizoctonia solani. Most of the analogs showed a remarkable in vitro activity, and some of them appeared significantly more effective than the natural product. The biological activity was mainly affected by introducing structural modification on the carbonyl moiety of the natural‐product molecule. In particular, compound 5a, bearing a CC bond conjugated to the CO group, was found active with a MIC value of 10 μg ml−1 against Cladosporium cucumerinum. The results suggest that 2‐hydroxy‐4,5‐methylenedioxyaryl ketones can be considered promising candidates in the development of new antifungal compounds.
Left main coronary artery compression from pulmonary artery enlargement due to pulmonary hypertension: A contemporary review and argument for percutaneous revascularization
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Oyama Jared , Bhatia Ravi , Kim Young‐Hak , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: April 2010

AbstractExtrinsic compression of the left main coronary artery by an enlarged pulmonary artery is an increasingly recognized and potentially reversible cause of angina and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The diagnosis of extrinsic left main coronary artery compression requires a high index of suspicion and should be considered in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension who experience angina. Coronary angiography with intravascular ultrasound is the gold standard for diagnosis of this condition, though cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography allow for noninvasive means of screening. The optimal treatment is debatable, but percutaneous coronary intervention appears to be a feasible, safe, and effective treatment option for patients with extrinsic compression of the left main coronary artery from pulmonary artery enlargement. Given the high risk of postoperative right ventricular failure and mortality observed with surgical revascularization in these patients, we recommend that physicians recognize percutaneous coronary intervention as the preferred revascularization strategy for selected patients with extrinsic compression of the left main coronary artery due to pulmonary hypertension. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mystery of the lost and found right coronary artery
Authors: Agarwala Rajeev , Kapoor Aditya 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMost coronary artery anomalies are discovered only incidentally during coronary angiography. Recognition and identification of these anomalies especially during coronary intervention procedures are of importance because of their occasional association with symptoms due to atherosclerotic coronary disease. Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) from the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is one of the most uncommon coronary anomalies. We report an extremely interesting case of anomalous RCA from the LAD presenting as acute inferior ST elevation MI, with ostial total block of the RCA, precluding its visualization during coronary angiography. Interventional Cardiologists need to be aware of such anatomical variations, as occasionally, this can lead to a diagnostic dilemma, as in our case. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amido‐3‐hydroxypyridin‐4‐ones as Iron(III) Ligands
Authors: Piyamongkol Sirivipa , Ma Yong M. , Kong Xiao L. , Liu Zu D. , Aytemir Mutlu D. , van der Helm Dick , Hider Robert C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe synthesis and physicochemical properties of a range of 2‐ and 6‐amido‐3‐hydroxypyridin‐4‐ones are described. All the amido‐substituted 3‐hydroxypyridin‐4‐ones have lower pKa values than 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐hydroxypyridin‐4‐one (deferiprone). This is due to the inductive effect of the amido group. Furthermore, the pKa values of the 3‐hydroxy group in 1‐nonsubstituted pyridinones are dramatically lower than those of the corresponding 1‐alkyl analogues, indicating that a strong hydrogen bond exists between the 2‐amido function and the 3‐oxygen anion, which stabilises the anion. As a result of the decreased competition with protons, the pFe3+ values of this group of molecules are higher than that of deferiprone. The distribution coefficients of these molecules are also increased despite the lack of a hydrophobic 1‐alkyl substituent and this is ascribed to the intramolecular hydrogen bond. X‐ray diffraction studies confirm the existence of the intramolecular hydrogen bond.
Synthesis, Structures, and Physical Properties of Benzo[k]fluoranthene‐Based Linear Acenes
Authors: Kung Yun‐Hua , Cheng Yu‐Sung , Tai Chia‐Cheng , Liu Wei‐Szu , Shin Chien‐Chueh , Ma Chih‐Chung , Tsai Yi‐Chan , Wu Tsun‐Cheng , Kuo Ming‐Yu , Wu Yao‐Ting 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis work describes the syntheses, crystal structures, photophysical properties, and electro‐chemical analyses of benzo[k]fluoranthene‐based linear acenes, together with ab initio density functional theory computations on them. The molecules were prepared in generally moderate to good yields through Pd‐catalyzed cycloadditions between 1,8‐diethynylnaphthalene derivatives and aryl iodides. This protocol is simpler and more efficient than conventional methods. The scope and limitations of this reaction were examined. The structures of compounds 4 hb, 15 ac, 17 ab, 19 ac, and 24 je were determined by X‐ray analysis; they are either bent or twisted, rather than planar. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these cycloadducts were also investigated and compared with computational predictions based on density functional theory.