bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Islands of water in a sea of dry land: hydrological regime predicts genetic diversity and dispersal in a widespread fish from Australia’s arid zone, the golden perch (Macquaria ambigua)
Authors: FAULKS LEANNE K. , GILLIGAN DEAN M. , BEHEREGARAY LUCIANO B. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRivers provide an excellent system to study interactions between patterns of biodiversity structure and ecological processes. In these environments, gene flow is restricted by the spatial hierarchy and temporal variation of connectivity within the drainage network. In the Australian arid zone, this variability is high and rivers often exist as isolated waterholes connected during unpredictable floods. These conditions cause boom/bust cycles in the population dynamics of taxa, but their influence on spatial genetic diversity is largely unknown. We used a landscape genetics approach to assess the effect of hydrological variability on gene flow, spatial population structure and genetic diversity in an Australian freshwater fish, Macquaria ambigua. Our analysis is based on microsatellite data of 590 samples from 26 locations across the species range. Despite temporal isolation of populations, the species showed surprisingly high rates of dispersal, with population genetic structure only evident among major drainage basins. Within drainages, hydrological variability was a strong predictor of genetic diversity, being positively correlated with spring‐time flow volume. We propose that increases in flow volume during spring stimulate recruitment booms and dispersal, boosting population size and genetic diversity. Although it is uncertain how the hydrological regime in arid Australia may change under future climate scenarios, management strategies for arid‐zone fishes should mitigate barriers to dispersal and alterations to the natural flow regime to maintain connectivity and the species’ evolutionary potential. This study contributes to our understanding of the influence of spatial and temporal heterogeneity on population and landscape processes.
Effect of Green Buffer Storage on the Fertility of Fresh Camel Semen after Artificial Insemination
Authors: Morton KM , Billah M , Skidmore JA 
Published: September 2010

ContentsArtificial insemination (AI) is one of the most widely used reproductive technologies, and there is considerably interest in commercializing this technology in camels. Storage of semen extender frozen (at −20°C) is of considerable interest to scientists working with camels, as transportation of diluents at refrigeration temperature is not always possible given the hot, arid and remote conditions that dromedary camels exist in. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the fertility of fresh camel semen, after dilution in fresh or frozen‐thawed green buffer (GB), after AI into single and multiple ovulating female camels. No differences were observed in any sperm characteristics (motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity or morphology) when semen was diluted in fresh or frozen‐thawed GB (p > 0.05). Sperm motility was increased by dilution (fresh: 70.7 ± 4.9% and frozen: 68.8 ± 3.1%) compared with the motility of sperm in neat semen (35 ± 2.85%; p < 0.05), and sperm motility changed from oscillatory to forward progressive after dilution. Pregnancy rates were higher (p < 0.05) for single ovulating camels inseminated with semen diluted in fresh (72.7%) compared with frozen‐thawed GB (27.3%), and fertilization rates were also higher (p < 0.05) for multiple ovulating camels inseminated with semen diluted in fresh (83.3%) compared with frozen‐thawed GB (11.1%). These results clearly demonstrate the detrimental effect of freezing and thawing semen diluent on the fertility of fresh camel semen. However, further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism responsible for this reduction in fertility. Moreover, these results demonstrate that the fertility of fresh camel semen diluted in fresh GB is high enough to be considered commercially viable.
Tumour Necrosis Factor in the Canine Endometrium: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Payan‐Carreira R , Pires MA , Ström Holst B , Rodriguez‐Martinez H 
Published: September 2010

ContentsTumour necrosis factor (TNF), a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates cell growth and differentiation as well as the synthesis of other cytokines, has been identified in the uterus of several species describing a cyclic pattern, eventually under ovarian steroid regulation. Information is yet limited on the presence of TNF protein in the canine endometrium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. This study depicts the temporal immunolocalization of TNF in the bitch endometrium along the oestrous cycle and changes associated with the early steps of embryo invasion. TNF immunolabelling was found in both the stromal fibroblasts and epithelial components of the canine endometrium in all stages studied. Stromal immunostaining was more intense than that of the epithelia, in all the stages of the oestrous cycle. In addition, a tendency for a decrease in the surface epithelium intensity score was found in early dioestrus. A positive glandular content was only observed in anoestrus and proestrus stages. In early pregnancy (days 13–16), TNF immunolabelling was detected at the embryo–maternal surface, in the syncytium cords and the trophoblast, as well in the endometrial stroma and the basal endometrial glands, but not in the lacunar epithelium. The overall TNF immunoreactivity was higher in early pregnancy samples in comparison with those of the early dioestrus and dioestrus stages, suggesting it plays a role during implantation.
Postoperative prostate‐specific antigen nadir improves accuracy for predicting biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: Results from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) and Duke Prostate Center databases
Authors: Moreira Daniel M , Presti Jr Joseph C , Aronson William J , Terris Martha K , Kane Christopher J , Amling Christopher L , Sun Leon L , Moul Judd W , Freedland Stephen J 
Published: September 2010

Objectives:  We previously showed that prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) nadir after radical prostatectomy (RP) significantly predicts biochemical recurrence (BCR). Herein, we sought to explore the effect of including PSA nadir into commonly used models on their accuracy to predict BCR after RP.Methods:  This was a retrospective analysis of 943 and 1792 subjects from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) and Duke Prostate Cancer (DPC) databases, respectively. The discrimination accuracy for BCR of seven previously published models was assessed using concordance index and compared with and without adding PSA nadir level in SEARCH. Using data from SEARCH, we developed a new nomogram incorporating PSA nadir to other known predictors (preoperative PSA, pathological Gleason score, PSA nadir level, surgical findings, prostate weight, body mass index and race) of BCR and externally validated it in the DPC.Results:  In SEARCH, the mean concordance index across all seven nomograms was 0.687. After the inclusion of PSA nadir, the concordance index increased by nearly 7% (mean = 0.753). The concordance index of the new nomogram in SEARCH was 0.779 (bias‐corrected = 0.767), which was 5% better than the next best model. In DPC, the new nomogram yielded a concordance index of 0.778.Conclusion:  The addition of postoperative PSA nadir to commonly used nomograms increased their accuracies by nearly 7%. Based upon this, we developed and externally validated a new nomogram, which was well calibrated and highly accurate, and is a potentially valuable tool for patients and physicians to predict BCR after RP.
Awareness of emergency contraception among university students in Mersin, Turkey
Authors: Yapici Gulcin , Oner Seva , Sasmaz Tayyar , Bugdayci Resul , Oner Kurt Ahmet 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study is to determine the degree of knowledge, behavior and attitude of university students in Mersin towards emergency contraception (EC).Material & Methods:  This cross‐sectional study was carried out among the students of the University of Mersin in December 2008. One thousand and forty‐two voluntary students participated in this study and answered the questions presented in the self‐administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information and the students' awareness, knowledge and use of EC.Results:  The study sample consisted of 532 males and 510 females. The mean age of the participants was 20.4 ± 1.8. Overall, 149 (14.3%) students were aware of EC, and among those, 125 (83.9%) students correctly identified 72 h as the time limit for the methods to be used. The main sources of knowledge about EC were schools (38.9%), friends (18.8%), healthcare providers (17.4%), media (16.1%) and other sources (8.7%). EC awareness was positively associated with female gender, age, studying Health Sciences, father's level of education and level of monthly income. A total of 37 respondents (3.6%) reported that they had unprotected intercourse. Only 20 students or their partners had previously used emergency contraceptive pills.Conclusion:  Awareness and knowledge of EC was low among the students of Mersin University. Our results demonstrated that males are less aware about EC when compared to females. We strongly recommend that education and counseling about sexual health and family planning be offered to this age group.
Habitual use of warm‐water cleaning toilets is related to the aggravation of vaginal microflora
Authors: Ogino Mitsuharu , Iino Koichi , Minoura Shigeki 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  Warm‐water cleaning toilets, or ‘bidet toilets’, are one of the most popular household goods in Japan. However, a recent large‐scale survey raised questions about the relationship between bidet toilet use and bacterial vaginitis as reflecting bacterial vaginosis with inflammation. Recently, gynecologists have expressed concerns about the increase in aggravated vaginal microflora in habitual bidet users. Therefore, the present study was designed to clarify the possible relevancy of bidet usage to changes in vaginal microflora.Methods:  Two hundred and sixty‐eight non‐pregnant women of reproductive age, with an increase in vaginal discharge, consented to enter the study. On outpatient visit, an aliquot of cervicovaginal secretion was obtained by a sterilized cotton swab and cultured using standard culture systems.Results:  Normal microflora (Lactobacillus species) was not present in 42.86% of bidet toilet users, compared to 8.77% of non‐users. Fecal bacteria were detected in 50 of the 268 cases (18.66%), 46 cases in users (92%) and only 4 cases in non‐users (8%). Contamination by other pathogens was 4 to 6 times higher in users than in non‐users.Conclusion:  Habitual use of bidet toilets aggravates vaginal microflora, either by depriving normal microflora or facilitating opportunistic infection of fecal bacteria and other microorganisms.
Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) during pregnancy: Report of a case complicated by fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia
Authors: Yamamoto Tamao , Suzuki Yoshikatsu , Kaneko Saori , Hattori Yukio , Obayashi Shintaro , Suzumori Nobuhiro , Sugiura Mayumi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) leads to disturbed glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis due to a deficiency in the enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphatase. A patient with GSD Ia showed hypoglycemia and proteinuria without dietary management since early pregnancy. The patient's condition was complicated by hypertension with increase in proteinuria at 22 weeks of gestation. In spite of administration of antihypertensive drugs and dietary management, the disease became more severe with deterioration in the fetal status and inhibition of fetal growth. Thus, a cesarean section was performed at 26 weeks of gestation. The delivered male infant weighing 412 g died at 2 days after birth. The patient's blood pressure had normalized within 3 months after delivery, while proteinuria persisted.
Factors related to recurrence in non‐obese women with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma
Authors: Panggid Kannika , Cheewakriangkrai Chalong , Khunamornpong Surapan , Siriaunkgul Sumalee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAim:  To evaluate the clinicopathological factors associated with recurrence of disease in non‐obese women with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma.Methods:  Medical records of the 138 patients who had newly diagnosed endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma with body mass index (BMI) <25 and underwent a complete staging surgery between 1999 and 2007 were reviewed.Results:  The median age was 55 years (30–75 years). The median BMI was 21.3 (14.0–25.0). The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) (1988) stages of the patients were as follows: 11 (8.0%) Ia, 30 (21.7%) Ib, 23 (16.7%) Ic, 5 (3.6%) IIa, 13 (9.4%) IIb, 12 (8.7%) IIIa, 2 (1.4%) IIIb, 38 (27.5%) IIIc, 4 (2.9%) IVb. Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and lymph node metastasis was present in 73 (53%) and 38 (27.5%) patients, respectively. LVSI was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.0001), advanced FIGO stage (P < 0.0001), poor histological grade (P = 0.006), and deep uterine invasion (P < 0.0001). The presence of LVSI, poor histological grade, and advanced stage were found significantly in patients who had disease recurrences (P = 0.026, P < 0.001, and P = 0.015, respectively). Patients with LVSI, when stratified by FIGO stage, had a significant lower 5‐year overall survival rate (58.8% versus 76.3%, log–rank test, P = 0.04).Conclusion:  LVSI, poor histological grade, and advanced stage were associated with disease recurrence in non‐obese women with endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Non‐obese patients with LVSI‐positive tumors tend to have a poorer survival rate than obese patients with LVSI‐positive tumors.
Painful pelvic joints induced by a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system
Authors: Fotoohi Alan Kambiz , Melin Anna‐Sofia 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe normally occurring loosening of the pelvic joints with separation of the symphysis during pregnancy may give rise to pain over the symphysis pubis or/and over the sacroiliac joints. In contrast, increased mobility between the pubic bones and pelvic pain without any direct connection with pregnancy is rare and its etiology is unclear. The following is a report of a patient who experienced symphysiolysis‐like pelvic pain following the use of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system.
Activity‐dependent dendritic secretion of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor modulates synaptic plasticity
Authors: Kuczewski Nicola , Porcher Christophe , Gaiarsa Jean‐Luc 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDuring the last decade, a major role has emerged for brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the translation of intrinsic or sensory‐driven synaptic activities into the neuronal network plasticity that sculpts neural circuits. BDNF is released from dendrites and axons in response to synaptic activity and modulates many aspects of synaptic function. Although the importance of BDNF in synaptic plasticity has been clearly established, direct evidence for a specific contribution of the activity‐dependent dendritic secretion of BDNF has been difficult to obtain. This review summarizes recent advances that have established specific effects of postsynaptic BDNF secretion on synapse efficacy and development. We will also discuss these data in the light of their functional and pathological significance.
Nutrient‐regulated transcriptional responses in the brown tide‐forming alga Aureococcus anophagefferens
Authors: Wurch Louie L. , Haley Sheean T. , Orchard Elizabeth D. , Gobler Christopher J. , Dyhrman Sonya T. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryLong‐SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) was used to profile the transcriptome of the brown tide‐forming alga, Aureococcus anophagefferens, under nutrient replete (control), and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deficiency to understand how this organism responds at the transcriptional level to varying nutrient conditions. This approach has aided A. anophagefferens genome annotation efforts and identified a suite of genes upregulated by N and P deficiency, some of which have known roles in nutrient metabolism. Genes upregulated under N deficiency include an ammonium transporter, an acetamidase/formamidase and two peptidases. This suggests an ability to utilize reduced N compounds and dissolved organic nitrogen, supporting the hypothesized importance of these N sources in A. anophagefferens bloom formation. There are also a broad suite of P‐regulated genes, including an alkaline phosphatase, and two 5′‐nucleotidases, suggesting A. anophagefferens may use dissolved organic phosphorus under low phosphate conditions. These N‐ and P‐regulated genes may be important targets for exploring nutrient controls on bloom formation in field populations.
Nerve growth factor level in the prostatic fluid of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome is correlated with symptom severity and response to treatment
Authors: Watanabe Toyohiko , Inoue Miayabi , Sasaki Katsumi , Araki Motoo , Uehara Shinya , Monden Koichi , Saika Takashi , Nasu Yasutomo , Kumon Hiromi , Chancellor Michael B. 
Published: September 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVE

To explore whether levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) are correlated with symptom severity in chronic prostatitis (CP) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

All patients with CP/CPPS underwent a complete history and physical examination, and were scored according to the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH‐CPSI).
Expressed prostatic secretion samples from 20 patients with CP/CPPS and from four asymptomatic control patients were collected and frozen, and NGF levels in EPS were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.
Patients were asked to complete NIH‐CPSI questionnaires at baseline and 8 weeks after treatment and patients with at least a 25% decrease in total NIH‐CPSI score from the baseline values were classified as responders to treatment.

RESULTS

The mean (±sd) NGF levels in EPS of patients with CP/CPPS and asymptomatic control patients were 7409 (±3788) pg/mL and 4174 (±1349) pg/mL, respectively. The NGF level in patients with CP/CPPS correlated directly with pain severity (P= 0.014, r= 0.541).
There were no significant differences between NGF levels in EPS before and after treatment. However, successful treatment significantly decreased NGF levels in responders (P= 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Nerve growth factor might contribute to the pathophysiology of CP/CPPS as changes in NGF level in EPS occurred in proportion to pain severity. Therefore, these results suggest that NGF could be used as a new biomarker to evaluate the symptoms of CP/CPPS and the effects of treatment.
What do fully visible primes and brain potentials reveal about morphological decomposition?
Authors: Lavric Aureliu , Rastle Kathleen , Clapp Amanda 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTo examine the role of meaning in morphological decomposition ({re‐}+{play}), researchers have employed the priming paradigm. Perceptually masked primes lead to facilitation both when decomposition is semantically appropriate (hunter‐HUNT) and when it is not (corner‐CORN), whereas with fully visible primes facilitation is observed only in the former case. We investigated the N400 brain potential time‐locked to words preceded by fully visible primes. At ∼300–380 ms, N400 was equally attenuated in the semantically “transparent” condition (hunter‐HUNT) and semantically “opaque” condition (corner‐CORN). In the transparent condition, N400 remained attenuated after 380 ms, whereas in the opaque condition it returned to the level of a nonmorphological form condition (brothel‐BROTH). This pattern of N400 priming is consistent with an orthography‐based, morphological decomposition mechanism, “licensed” at a later stage by semantic information.
Neural evidence for the threat detection advantage: Differential attention allocation to angry and happy faces
Authors: Feldmann‐Wüstefeld Tobias , Schmidt‐Daffy Martin , Schubö Anna 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThreat stimuli are considered to be processed with higher priority due to an automatic threat detection system that enables rapid shifts of attention. However, direct evidence is still missing. The present study used the face‐in‐the‐crowd task and event‐related potentials to find evidence for the functionality of attention shifts in threat detection. The threat detection advantage was replicated in the behavioral results. An N2pc was observed that was more pronounced and earlier for angry compared to happy faces, suggesting differential attention allocation underlying the threat detection advantage. A larger sustained posterior contralateral negativity indicated that angry faces also gained more enhanced subsequent processing. An early posterior negativity observed 160 ms after stimulus onset revealed early emotion‐specific processing that may have caused differences in attention allocation toward threatening stimuli.
Loss of sphingosine kinase‐1 in carcinoma cells increases formation of reactive oxygen species and sensitivity to doxorubicin‐induced DNA damage
Authors: Huwiler Andrea , Kotelevets Nataliya , Xin Cuiyan , Pastukhov Oleksandr , Pfeilschifter Josef , Zangemeister‐Wittke Uwe 
Published: September 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sphingosine kinases (SK) catalyse the formation of sphingosine 1‐phosphate, which is a key lipid mediator regulating cell responses such as proliferation, survival and migration. Here we have investigated the effect of targeted inhibition of SK‐1 on cell damage and elucidated the mechanisms involved.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Three human carcinoma cell lines (colon HCT‐116, breast MDA‐MB‐231, lung NCI‐H358) were used, which were either transduced with shRNA constructs to deplete SK‐1, or treated with a SK‐1 inhibitor. Cell growth and viability were assayed by [3H]thymidine incorporation and colony formation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by fluorescence and apoptosis by annexin V with flow cytometry. Proteins were analysed by Western blotting. DNA damage was induced by doxorubicin.KEY RESULTS Knock‐down of SK‐1 by shRNA strongly inhibited DNA synthesis and colony formation of carcinoma cells. SK‐1 knock‐down (SK‐1kd) cells revealed dysfunctional extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase and PKB/Akt cascades, and contained increased levels of ROS. After SK‐1kd, treatment with doxorubicin increased DNA damage, measured by histone‐2AX phosphorylation. Similar effects were found in cells with a SK‐1 inhibitor and doxorubicin. The increased damage response in SK‐1kd cells was accompanied by greater reduction of DNA synthesis and colony formation, and by more pronounced apoptosis. Addition of a NADPH oxidase inhibitor reduced the increased apoptosis in doxorubicin‐treated SK‐1kd cells.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SK‐1kd in carcinoma cells triggered oxidative stress by increasing intracellular Ros production. Targeted inhibition of SK‐1 represents a promising approach to sensitize cells to DNA damage and facilitate apoptosis upon doxorubicin treatment.