bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of facial information processing in children with autistic disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and typically developing controls
Authors: Malisza Krisztina L. , Clancy Christine , Shiloff Deborah , Holden Jeanette , Jones Cheryl , Paulson Kristjan , Yu Dickie C.T. , Summers Randy , Chudley Albert E. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the neural activation patterns of children diagnosed with autistic disorder (AD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically developing controls (TCs) in response to a task involving evaluation of facial expressions. Substantially greater functional activity was noted in TCs compared to both subjects diagnosed with AD and ADHD. Consistent with previous studies, differences in functional activation of the amygdala, fusiform gyrus, cerebellum, mesolimbic, and temporal lobe cortical regions of the brain during a task evaluating facial expressions were noted in AD compared to TCs. Differences in the neural activity in these brain regions were also observed in children diagnosed with AD compared to those diagnosed with ADHD. Overall decreased neural activity was observed during the faces task performance in the AD group compared to the other two groups, a finding consistent with studies using adults. Both TC and ADHD control groups showed increased inferior frontal cortex activity compared to the AD group. Significant activity was present in both TC and ADHD control groups in the insula which was absent in the AD group; this is consistent with other studies showing dysfunction of the mesolimbic system in children with AD. Although frontostriatal and mesolimbic systems appear to be affected in AD, these deficits were not in the same attentional networks which are dysfunctional in children diagnosed with ADHD.
Detectability of Vasopressin in Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis Effluent of Patients with Vasodilatory Shock Treated with Exogenous Arginine Vasopressin
Authors: Bauer Seth R. , Culver Daniel A. , Abraham Susamma , Lam Simon W. , Fissell William H. , Wiedemann Herbert P. , Reddy Anita J. 
Published: August 2011

Study Objectives. To determine whether vasopressin is detectable in the continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) effluent of patients receiving exogenous arginine vasopressin, and to determine whether treatment‐specific factors are associated with vasopressin levels in CVVHD effluent.Design. Prospective observational study.Setting. Intensive care units of a tertiary care academic medical center.Patients. Twenty‐seven adults with vasodilatory shock who received a stable‐dose continuous intravenous infusion of arginine vasopressin with concomitant uninterrupted CVVHD for at least 4 hours between September 2008 and May 2010.Measurements and Main Results. Vasopressin levels in CVVHD effluent were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance and Pearson correlation. A multivariate linear regression was used to assess for independent factors associated with vasopressin levels in CVVHD effluent. The CVVHD effluent of all patients was assessed for vasopressin levels. The median exogenous arginine vasopressin dose was 0.03 unit/minute (range 0.02–0.18 unit/min), whereas the median CVVHD effluent flow rate was 22.6 ml/kg/hour (interquartile range [IQR] 21.5–26.8 ml/kg/hr). Vasopressin was detectable in all effluent samples (median 88.8 pg/ml, IQR 36.4–113.7 pg/ml). There were no significant differences in CVVHD effluent vasopressin levels among CVVHD filter types (p=0.39). The CVVHD effluent vasopressin levels correlated with exogenous arginine vasopressin dose (r2=0.49, p<0.001). After adjustment for CVVHD effluent flow rate and administration of corticosteroids, with multivariate linear regression, only exogenous arginine vasopressin dose was independently associated with CVVHD effluent vasopressin level.Conclusion. Vasopressin is detectable in CVVHD effluent, suggesting that it is removed by CVVHD. In addition, exogenous arginine vasopressin infusion dose is independently associated with CVVHD effluent vasopressin level.
Fighting Hate and Bigotry on the Internet
Authors: Cohen‐Almagor Raphael 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInternet hate speech is a specific type of online content that is designed to threaten certain groups publicly and act as propaganda for offline organizations. Hate groups use websites for sharing ideology, propaganda, linking to similar sites, recruiting new converts, advocating violence and threatening others. This article analyzes the ways hate speech on the Internet can be countered. From the perspective of applied ethics, it discusses the issue in the context of moral and social responsibility, a neglected perspective in the New Media literature. The study discusses the targets of hate on the Internet, provides a framework within which problems can be identified and resolved by accentuating moral and social responsibility, and articulates possible policy solutions to combat this increasing problem.
Editorial
Authors: Margetts Helen Z 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis editorial introduces the articles in the third issue of volume three of Policy & Internet. The six published articles all focus on a substantive public policy issue arising from widespread use of the Internet: the links between software piracy and country corruption, voter targeting online in political campaigns, cultural aspects of digital citizenship, the increasingly ‘conditional’ nature of governments' public and social policies, policy responses to the growing problem of online hate speech, and policy considerations for the regulation of cross‐border data flows.
Insulin Pump Therapy With Automated Insulin Suspension in Response to Hypoglycemia
Authors: Choudhary Pratik , Shin John , Wang Yongyin , Evans Mark L. , Hammond Peter J. , Kerr David , Shaw James A.M. , Pickup John C. , Amiel Stephanie A. 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate a sensor-augmented insulin pump with a low glucose suspend (LGS) feature that automatically suspends basal insulin delivery for up to 2 h in response to sensor-detected hypoglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The LGS feature of the Paradigm Veo insulin pump (Medtronic, Inc., Northridge, CA) was tested for 3 weeks in 31 adults with type 1 diabetes.

RESULTS
There were 166 episodes of LGS: 66% of daytime LGS episodes were terminated within 10 min, and 20 episodes lasted the maximum 2 h. LGS use was associated with reduced nocturnal duration ≤2.2 mmol/L in those in the highest quartile of nocturnal hypoglycemia at baseline (median 46.2 vs. 1.8 min/day, P = 0.02 [LGS-OFF vs. LGS-ON]). Median sensor glucose was 3.9 mmol/L after 2-h LGS and 8.2 mmol/L at 2 h after basal restart.

CONCLUSIONS
Use of an insulin pump with LGS was associated with reduced nocturnal hypoglycemia in those at greatest risk and was well accepted by patients.
Effects of Exenatide on Measures of β-Cell Function After 3 Years in Metformin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bunck Mathijs C. , Cornér Anja , Eliasson Bjorn , Heine Robert J. , Shaginian Rimma M. , Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Smith Ulf , Yki-Järvinen Hannele , Diamant Michaela 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
We previously showed that exenatide (EXE) enhanced insulin secretion after 1 year of treatment, relative to insulin glargine (GLAR), with a similar glucose-lowering action. These effects were not sustained after a 4-week off-drug period. This article reports the results after additional 2 years of exposure.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixty-nine metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to EXE or GLAR. Forty-six patients entered the 2-year extension study in which they continued their allocated therapy. Thirty-six completed (EXE: n = 16; GLAR: n = 20) the 3-year exposure period. Insulin sensitivity (M value) and β-cell function were measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp followed by hyperglycemic clamp with arginine stimulation at pretreatment (week 52) and 4 weeks after discontinuation of study medication (week 56 and week 172). First-phase glucose stimulated C-peptide secretion was adjusted for M value and calculated as the disposition index (DI).

RESULTS
At 3 years, EXE and GLAR resulted in similar levels of glycemic control: 6.6 ± 0.2% and 6.9 ± 0.2%, respectively (P = 0.186). EXE compared with GLAR significantly reduced body weight (−7.9 ± 1.8 kg; P &lt; 0.001). After the 4-week off-drug period, EXE increased the M value by 39% (P = 0.006) while GLAR had no effect (P = 0.647). Following the 4-week off-drug period, the DI, compared with pretreatment, increased with EXE, but decreased with GLAR (1.43 ± 0.78 and −0.99 ± 0.65, respectively; P = 0.028).

CONCLUSIONS
EXE and GLAR sustained HbA1c over the 3-year treatment period, while EXE reduced body weight and GLAR increased body weight. Following the 3-year treatment with EXE, the DI was sustained after a 4-week off-drug period. These findings suggest a beneficial effect on β-cell health.
On the homology of mapping spaces
Authors: Podkorytov Semën 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Following a Bendersky-Gitler idea, we construct an isomorphism between Anderson’s and Arone’s complexes modelling the chain complex of a mapping space. This allows us to apply Shipley’s convergence theorem to Arone’s model. As a corollary, we reduce the problem of homotopy equivalence for certain “toy” spaces to a problem in homological algebra.
La sexualité dans la cure analytique
Authors: Bonnet Gérard 
Published: August 2011

SEXUALITY IN THE ANALYTICAL CURE TALK LOVE TO ME Given the freedom of tone that is the rule, we might well imagine that the analytical session moves on to talk about sexuality. In fact, it is not so much sexuality that is addressed as sex, and sex in the sense of identity, to describe what assigns the subject within a gender or in the other. The article shows that sex, indeed, is not just a partial object, of the phallic type, or a genital organ, but also an object of the ideal type embodying the potentialities specific to each of the two sexes. This explains why, in analysis, the ideal sexuality, based on that idealisation of sex, prevails outright over the two other forms. In “transfer love”, the analyst or the analysis firstly embody the ideals in question and it becomes problematic if the analysand does not manage to detach them from their person or from the situation, so as to invest them in full knowledge – a necessary evolution too in married life.
La sexualité, entre parole et parcours, des sujets infectés par le VIH
Authors: Rosenblum Ouriel 
Published: August 2011

SEXUALITY, BETWEEN SPEECH AND STAGES IN LIFE, OF HIV-INFECTED SUBJECTS AIDS, that union between death and sexuality, makes the latter non-representable and has deeply modified the world of sexual imagination. The article seeks to show how the emergence of HIV has re-defined the current norm within individuals’ sexuality and then goes on to analyse the different stages HIV positive subjects have to confront as they go through life, with the need to re-organise their sexuality ; it then evokes the transgressive aspect of sexuality for some sectors of the population and, finally, gives HIV positive women the opportunity to speak out on how they come to grips with their bodies in relation to partners – soiled bodies henceforth disentitled, deprived of pleasure. HIV infection has the effect of sowing confusion between the different registers such as death, life and sex, and causes in the subject feelings of shame and guilt : so many effects that the therapist has to take on board to render the feeling that they exist in full to the subject.
Sign Changes of the Liouville Function on Quadratics
Authors: Borwein Peter , Choi Stephen K. K. , Ganguli Himadri 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLet λ(n) denote the Liouville function. Complementary to the prime number theorem, Chowla
conjectured thatfor any polynomial f (x) with integer coefficients which is not of form bg(x)2.
The Sizes of Rearrangements of Cantor Sets
Authors: Hare Kathryn E. , Mendivil Franklin , Zuberman Leandro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA linear Cantor setC with zero Lebesgue measure is associated with the countable collection of the bounded complementary open intervals. A rearrangment of C has the same lengths of its complementary intervals, but with different locations. We study the Hausdorff and packing h-measures and dimensional properties of the set of all rearrangments of some given C for general dimension functions h. For each set of complementary lengths, we construct a Cantor set rearrangement which has the maximal Hausdorff and the minimal packing h-premeasure, up to a constant. We also show that if the packing measure of this Cantor set is positive, then there is a rearrangement which has infinite packing measure.
Application of Measure of Noncompactness to Infinite Systems of Differential Equations
Authors: Mursaleen M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper we determine theHausdorff measure of noncompactness on the sequence space n(ϕ) ofW. L. C. Sargent. Further we apply the technique of measures of noncompactness to the theory of infinite systems of differential equations in the Banach sequence spaces n(ϕ) and m(ϕ). Our aim is to present some existence results for infinite systems of differential equations formulated with the help of measures of noncompactness.
Identification and assessment of new biomarkers for colorectal cancer with serum N‐glycan profiling
Authors: Zhao Yun‐Peng , Ruan Can‐Ping , Wang Hao , Hu Zhi‐Qian , Fang Meng , Gu Xing , Ji Jun , Zhao Jin‐Yan , Gao Chun‐Fang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objectives of this study were to identify and validate the diagnostic value of N‐glycan markers in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to uncover their underlying molecular mechanism.METHODS:In total, 347 individuals, including patients with CRC, patients with colorectal adenoma, and healthy controls, were divided randomly into a training group (n = 287) and retrospective validation groups (n = 60). Serum N‐glycan profiling was analyzed by DNA sequencer‐assisted/flurophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA‐FACE). Two diagnostic models were constructed based on N‐glycan profiling with logistic stepwise regression. The diagnostic performance of each model was assessed further in retrospective, prospective (n = 43), and follow‐up (n = 46) cohorts. Lectin blot and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze the total core‐fucosylated residues and molecular expression involved in core‐fucosylation modifications in CRC.RESULTS:Two diagnostic models designated CRCglycoA and CRCglycoB were constructed to differentiate CRC from normal and adenoma, respectively. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of both CRCglycoA and CRCglycoB were higher than the AUC of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (CRCglycoA, 0.92 vs 0.81; CRCglycoB, 0.81 vs 0.73). The sensitivity and accuracy of CRCglycoA improved from 21.7% to 25% and from 11.63% to 18% in the training cohort, the retrospective cohort, and the prospective cohorts compared with the sensitivity and accuracy of CEA. The sensitivity of CRCglycoB improved from 20% to 28.23%. Both altered N‐glycans, and results from the diagnostic models were reversed after curative surgery. The level of total core fucose residues and fucosyltransferase were decreased significantly in CRC.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that the N‐glycan markers based diagnostic models are new, valuable, noninvasive alternatives for identifying CRC. The authors concluded that decreased fucosyltransferase may be responsible for decreased levels of total core‐fucosylated modification in both tissues and serum from patients with CRC. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Chemical Technologies for Exploiting and Recycling Carbon Dioxideinto the Value Chain
Authors: Peters Martina , Köhler Burkhard , Kuckshinrichs Wilhelm , Leitner Walter , Markewitz Peter , Müller Thomas E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhile experts in various fields discuss the potential of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, the utilization of carbon dioxide as chemical feedstock is also attracting renewed and rapidly growing interest. These approaches do not compete; rather, they are complementary: CCS aims to capture and store huge quantities of carbon dioxide, while the chemical exploitation of carbon dioxide aims to generate value and develop better and more‐efficient processes from a limited part of the waste stream. Provided that the overall carbon footprint for the carbon dioxide‐based process chain is competitive with conventional chemical production and that the reaction with the carbon dioxide molecule is enabled by the use of appropriate catalysts, carbon dioxide can be a promising carbon source with practically unlimited availability for a range of industrially relevant products. In addition, it can be used as a versatile processing fluid based on its remarkable physicochemical properties.
Entropically‐driven ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate: Rheology and kinetics
Authors: Chen Hongliang , Yu Wei , Zhou Chixing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers (CBT) with ultra‐low melt viscosity can be polymerized into poly (butylene terephthalate) (pCBT) via entropically‐driven ring‐opening polymerization (ED‐ROP) in a short time (ranging from several seconds to 10 min) with no chemical emission and no heat generation during the polymerization process. Due to no heat generation, dynamic rheological measurements were used to monitor the polymerization of CBT from 220 to 250°C. The polymerization was accompanied by a steep increase of the melt viscosity and modulus in isothermal rheological tests, and much faster at higher temperature. With rheological results, reptation theory and Double reptation model were adopted to determine the variation of the molecular weight and concentration with time for pCBT. According to the ED‐ROP mechanism of CBT, kinetics equations were also established to simulate the polymerization process. Furthermore, using the results of variation of molecular weight with time for pCBT and kinetics equations, the polymerization rate constants for initiation and propagation steps were evaluated, and the activation energy was also obtained. It was proved that rheological method is a convenient and reliable way to investigate the kinetics of ED‐ROP of CBT. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
In Situmetal tip sharpening of scanning probe microscopes
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Zhang Huiliang , Kim Changdong , Butta Nakul , Liang Hong , Hemmer Philip R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article demonstrated a new approach for fabrication and sharpening of metal tips of scanning probe microscopes. Experimentally, a metal tip was heated and melted by a focused laser light. The tip was then sharpened by a strong electric field and consolidated as the laser was turned off. With a low‐vacuum and a high‐voltage source, a 25‐µm indium‐coated platinum wire was sharpened to a tip with diameters below 50 nm. The minimal tip radius by this method is estimated to be below 1 nm. With this technique,in situtip sharpening for SPM would be possible. SCANNING 34: 76–79, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of lyophilization to prepare the nitrifying bacterial biofilm for imaging with scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Karcz Jagna , Bernas Tytus , Nowak Agnieszka , Talik Ewa , Woznica Andrzej 
Published: August 2011

AbstractStructure of bacterial biofilms may be investigated using several variants of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We apply lyophilization to prepare nitrifying bacterial biofilm for conventional SEM imaging in high‐vacuum mode (CSEM). We therefore replace standard biofilm fixation in glutaraldehyde cross‐linking, ethanol dehydration, and critical‐point drying (CPD) with less‐invasive low‐temperature drying by sublimation in vacuum. We compare this approach with: (1) standard preparation with glutaraldehyde fixation, ethanol dehydration, and CPD before CSEM, (2) cryo‐sputter preparation of rapidly frozen biofilm in hydrated state (cryo‐SEM), and (3) in situ observation without any sample pretreatment in environmental SEM. Combined imaging with these modalities revealed two distinct immobilization patterns on the polyurethane foam: (1) large irregular aggregates (flocs) of bacterial biofilm that exist as irregular biofilm fragments, rope‐like structures, or biofilm layers on the foam surface; (2) biofilm threads adherent to the surface of polyurethane foam. Our results indicate that lyophilization was suitable for preservation of bacterial cells and many forms of structure of extracellular matrix. The lyophilized material could be imaged with high resolution (using CSEM) to generate structural information complementary to that obtained with other SEM techniques. SCANNING 34: 26–36, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Test‐Retest Reliability of the Sensory Organization Test in Older Persons With a Transtibial Amputation
Authors: Jayakaran Prasath , Johnson Gillian M. , Sullivan S. John 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveTo determine the test‐retest reliability of the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) in older persons with a unilateral transtibial amputation.DesignCross‐sectional observational study with repeated measures.SettingA University balance laboratory.ParticipantsFifteen participants (12 men and 3 women) who had undergone a unilateral transtibial amputation that was performed as a result of either trauma or complications of diabetes or peripheral vascular disease were recruited from a patient database. The mean age of the participants was 69.53 years (SD, 6.60), with 11.94 mean years of prosthetic use.InterventionAll participants completed 3 trials of the 6 balance testing conditions in the standard SOT protocol with use of the NeuroCom SMART Equitest system on 2 occasions approximately 2 weeks apart.Main Outcome MeasuresReliability of the mean equilibrium and strategy scores for the 6 SOT conditions and the overall composite score was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients.ResultsThe test‐retest reliability coefficients (intraclass correlation coefficient model 2,1) for the equilibrium scores ranged from 0.67‐0.90 for conditions 1 to 4 and 6, indicating fair‐to‐good reliability. The coefficients obtained for the strategy scores of all the conditions and the composite score showed excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.75).ConclusionsThis study suggests that the majority of outcome measurements associated with the SOT protocol on the SMART Equitest provide a reliable measure of dynamic balance performance in older persons with a unilateral transtibial amputation, even in the presence of comorbidities. The equilibrium, strategy, and composite scores obtained from the testing protocol with the exception of condition 5, can be used reliably in clinical practice to monitor for changes in balance with rehabilitation or to monitor the effects of a specific intervention and/or in patients with comorbidities that could potentially affect their balance capacities.