bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms among community‐dwelling, post‐stroke elders in Hong Kong
Authors: Lam S.C. , Lee L.Y.K. , To K.W. 
Published: May 2010

LAM S.C., LEE L.Y.K. & TO K.W. (2010) Depressive symptoms among community‐dwelling, post‐stroke elders in Hong Kong. International Nursing Review57, 269–273Background:  Depressive symptoms adversely affect functional recovery among post‐stroke elders. Such symptoms manifest when elders face difficulties in realistic daily living after being discharged.Aims:  The aim of this study was to examine (1) the prevalence of depressive symptoms among community‐dwelling post‐stroke elders, (2) the relationship between depressive symptoms and demographic and clinical characteristics among community‐dwelling post‐stroke elders, and (3) the demographic and clinical factors that differentiate post‐stroke elders with and without depressive symptoms.Methods:  A descriptive cross‐sectional survey was performed on 50 post‐stroke elders from a geriatric day clinic.Findings:  Depressive symptoms were highly prevalent (68%) among the community‐dwelling post‐stroke elders. Depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with social support network, social support satisfaction and functional independence. Lastly, poor social support satisfaction and lower functional independence was found to differentiate those post‐stroke elders with and without depressive symptoms.Conclusion:  The inclusion of psychosocial assessment and delivery of appropriate psychosocial interventions to post‐stroke elders are recommended.
Primary health care nurses' promotion of involuntary migrant families' health
Authors: Samarasinghe K. , Fridlund B. , Arvidsson B. 
Published: May 2010

SAMARASINGHE K., FRIDLUND B. & ARVIDSSON B. (2010) Primary health care nurses' promotion of involuntary migrant families' health. International Nursing Review57, 224–231Background:  Involuntary migrant families in cultural transition face a number of challenges to their health and to family cohesion. Primary health care nurses (PHCNs) therefore play a vital role in the assessment and promotion of their health.Aim:  The aim of this study was to describe the promotion of health in involuntary migrant families in cultural transition as conceptualized by Swedish PHCNs.Method:  Interviews were conducted with 34 strategically chosen PHCNs covering the entire range of the primary health care sector in two municipalities of Southern Sweden. A contextual approach with reference to phenomenography was used in interpreting the data.Findings:  There are three qualitatively different descriptive categories epitomizing the characteristics of the PHCNs' promotion of health: (1) an ethnocentric approach promoting physical health of the individual, (2) an empathic approach promoting mental health of the individual in a family context, and (3) a holistic approach empowering the family to function well in everyday life.Conclusions:  For nurses to promote involuntary migrant families'health in cultural transition, they need to adopt a holistic approach. Such an approach demands that nurses cooperate with other health care professionals and community authorities, and practise family‐focused nursing; it also demands skills in intercultural communication paired with cultural self‐awareness in interacting with these families. Adequate knowledge regarding these skills should therefore be included in the education of nurses, both at under‐ and at post‐graduate level.
Associations between work schedule characteristics and occupational injury and illness
Authors: De Castro A.B. , Fujishiro K. , Rue T. , Tagalog E.A. , Samaco‐Paquiz L.P.G. , Gee G.C. 
Published: May 2010

DE CASTRO A.B., FUJISHIRO K., RUE T., TAGALOG E.A., SAMACO‐PAQUIZ L.P.G. & GEE G.C. (2010) Associations between work schedule characteristics and occupational injury and illness. International Nursing Review57, 188–194Background:  Nurses often endure working irregular day, night and evening shifts as well as mandatory overtime (i.e. employer‐imposed work time in excess of one's assigned schedule). While these work characteristics are examined as potential risks for nurses' safety and health, it is not clear whether negative health impacts occur simply because of working long hours or in combination with other mechanisms.Aim:  This study investigates how these work characteristics are associated with nurses' work‐related injury and illness over and above long work hours.Methods:  In this cross‐sectional study, questionnaire data were collected from a sample of 655 registered nurses in the Philippines. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess associations of shift work and mandatory overtime with four work‐related health outcomes.Results:  After weekly work hours, shift length and demographic variables were accounted for, non‐day shifts were associated with work‐related injury [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 2.24] and work‐related illness (OR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.16). Also, frequency of working mandatory overtime was associated with work‐related injury (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.41), work‐related illness (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.37) and missing more than 2 days of work because of a work‐related injury or illness (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.44).Conclusions:  These findings suggest that non‐day shifts and mandatory overtime may negatively impact nurses' health independent of working long hours. Mechanisms through which these work characteristics affect health, such as circadian rhythm disturbance, nurse‐to‐patient ratios and work–family conflict, should be examined in future studies.
Chinese nurses' experience in the Wenchuan earthquake relief
Authors: Yang Y.‐N. , Xiao L.D. , Cheng H.‐Y. , Zhu J.‐C. , Arbon P. 
Published: May 2010

YANG Y.‐N., XIAO L.D., CHENG H.‐Y., ZHU J.‐C. & ARBON P. (2010) Chinese nurses' experience in the Wenchuan earthquake relief. International Nursing Review57, 217–223Aim:  The purpose of this qualitative study is to provide an understanding of how Chinese nurses acted in response to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Background:  The literature has reported that Chinese nurses played a key role in the Wenchuan earthquake. Although these nurses' intentions were well meaning, and they made enormous efforts to save lives, they considered that disaster relief practice was beyond the scope of normal daily nursing practice and found the challenges they confronted overwhelming. China is a country prone to both natural and man‐made disasters that demand a good deal of preparedness for those involved in disaster nursing. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the knowledge, skill, experience and attitudes required for nurses responding to disasters.Methods:  Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics was used as a framework to underpin and interpret the qualitative accounts of the practice of the ten registered nurses in this study.Findings:  Three themes were identified from semi‐structured interviews with the participants. These are described as (1) feeling under‐prepared; (2) perceived challenges and coping strategies; and (3) the rediscovery of the helping and caring role. By analysing these nurses' experiences in the Wenchuan earthquake relief operation, this study has identified the numerous roles and attributes required of nurses in response to disasters.Conclusion:  Without education and training in disaster nursing, nurses may not be prepared to function in disaster relief, especially in a manner that is productive, efficient, collaborative and less stressful. Findings suggest that a systematic, educational approach to develop the skills required in disaster nursing is essential.
Cancer incidence among male Danish nurses, 1980–2003
Authors: Kjaer T.K. , Hansen J. 
Published: May 2010

KJAER T.K., & HANSEN J. (2010) Cancer incidence among male Danish nurses, 1980–2003. International Nursing Review57, 211–216Background:  The cancer risk of female nurses has been examined in several studies, but none has addressed the risk of male nurses, although they may be exposed to the same carcinogens as female nurses. In this register‐based cohort study, we explored cancer incidence among male Danish nurses.Methods:  We identified 3369 male nurses from the files of the Danish Nurses Association and followed them up from 1980 to 2003 in the Danish Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated on the basis of standardized national rates. We compared the nurses with 3369 other male employees matched to the nurses by year of birth on social variables (vital and marital status).Findings:  We observed 90 cancers in the cohort, with significantly increased SIRs for sarcomas and decreased SIRs for cancers of the respiratory system. When the cohort was stratified by educational generation and birth cohort, we observed significantly elevated relative risks for cancers of the brain and nervous system among the youngest nurses and for sarcomas among nurses in all educational generations and those born between 1945 and 1954.Conclusion:  The overall risk for cancer among male Danish registered nurses is similar to that of the general male Danish population. The high SIRs observed for cancers of the brain and nervous system merit further attention. The high relative risks for sarcomas and connective tissue tumours reflect a large proportion of cases of Kaposi sarcoma, which is probably not occupationally related.
Structure and Governance in Industrial Districts: Implications for Competitive Advantage
Authors: Arıkan Andaç T. , Schilling Melissa A. 
Published: May 2010

abstractThe existing research on industrial districts is fragmented, and yields conflicting advice for managers about the benefits and costs of locating in an industrial district. We resolve much of this ambiguity by synthesizing and integrating the existing research, and developing a typology of districts based on the continuous dimensions of need for coordination and centralization of control. In so doing, we elucidate why different types of industrial districts have different structures, and different competitive implications. We introduce four archetypes of industrial districts (based on extreme values of our two dimensions), and for each we discuss the benefits and costs of locating in the district, the sources of competitive advantage for members of the district vis‐à‐vis non‐members, and the sources of competitive advantage a district firm may gain over other members of the same district.
Risk‐managed production of bioactive recombinant proteins using a novel plant virus vector with a helper plant to complement viral systemic movement
Authors: Fukuzawa Noriho , Ishihara Takeaki , Itchoda Noriko , Tabayashi Noriko , Kataoka Chiwa , Masuta Chikara , Matsumura Takeshi 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA plant viral vector has the potential to efficiently produce recombinant proteins at a low cost in a short period. Although recombinant proteins can be also produced by transgenic plants, a plant viral vector, if available, may be more convenient when urgent scale‐up in production is needed. However, it is difficult to use a viral vector in open fields because of the risk of escape to the environment. In this study, we constructed a novel viral vector system using a movement‐defective Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) vector, which is theoretically localized in the inoculated cells but infects systemically only with the aid of the transgenic helper plant that complements viral movement, diminishing the risk of viral proliferation. Interestingly, the helper plant systemically infected with the vector gave strong cross‐protection against challenge inoculation with wild‐type CMVs. Using CMV strains belonging to two discrete CMV groups (subgroups I and II), we also improved the system to prevent recombination between the vector and the transgene transcript in the helper plant. We here demonstrate the expression of an anti‐dioxin single chain variable fragment (DxscFv) and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL1‐Ra) in Nicotiana benthamiana by this viral vector confinement system, which is applicable for many useful high‐quality recombinant proteins.
Two EguCBF1 genes overexpressed in Eucalyptus display a different impact on stress tolerance and plant development
Authors: Navarro Marie , Ayax Céline , Martinez Yves , Laur Joan , El Kayal Walid , Marque Christiane , Teulières Chantal 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo C‐repeat binding factor genes (EguCBF1a/b), isolated from E. gunnii and differentially cold‐regulated, were constitutively overexpressed in a cold‐sensitive Eucalyptus hybrid. In addition to the expected improvement on freezing tolerance, some resulting transgenic lines (EguCBF1a‐OE and EguCBF1b‐OE) exhibited a decrease in stomata density and an over‐accumulation of anthocyanins also observed to a lesser extent in a cold‐acclimated control plant. Given that the induction of five putative CBF target genes was observed in CBF‐overexpressing lines as well as in the cold‐acclimated control line, these phenotypes might be related to cold acclimation. In comparison with the control plant, the most altered transgenic line (EguCBF1a‐OE A1 line), exhibited reduced growth and better water retention capacity. This modified phenotype includes reduced leaf area and thickness associated with a decrease in cell size, as well as a higher oil gland density and a wax deposition on the cuticle. Surprisingly, the EguCBF1b‐OE B9 line, with a level of transgene expression equivalent to the A1 line, showed a less marked phenotype, suggesting a difference in transactivation efficiency between EguCBF1A and B factors. The features of these transgenic lines provide the first signs of adaptive mechanisms controlled by CBF transcription factors in an evergreen broad‐leaved tree. These data also open new prospects towards genetic improvement on Eucalyptus for freezing tolerance.
Expression of the P1B‐type ATPase AtHMA4 in tobacco modifies Zn and Cd root to shoot partitioning and metal tolerancea
Authors: Siemianowski Oskar , Mills Rebecca Fay , Williams Lorraine Elizabeth , Antosiewicz Danuta Maria 
Published: May 2010

SummaryGenetic modification of Zn/Cd accumulation in roots and shoots for biofortification or phytoremediation is a focus of this manuscript. We expressed AtHMA4 (a P1BATPase involved in Zn and Cd transport), AtHMA4‐trunc (lacking the C‐terminal region) and AtHMA4‐C terminus (the C‐terminal region alone) in tobacco under the CaMV 35S constitutive promoter and examined accumulation and tolerance to both metals. Expression of AtHMA4 enhanced Zn translocation to the shoots only at 10 μm Zn but not at 0.5, 100 and 200 μm Zn. AtHMA4‐trunc did not show this effect and instead reduced Zn translocation to the shoot. AtHMA4‐expressing plants showed a decrease in cadmium uptake when exposed to 0.25 and 5 μm Cd; this was also observed with AtHMA4‐trunc‐expressing lines, although to a lesser extent. Expression of AtHMA4‐C‐terminus containing potential metal binding sites increased cadmium and zinc concentrations in roots and shoots up to fourfold. We have demonstrated that both AtHMA4 and AtHMA4 C‐terminus could be candidate genes/sequences for engineering modifications of zinc and cadmium root/shoot partitioning. However, the phenotype of transformants depended on the external metal concentration, thus it might be difficult to engineer a plant displaying the desired metal‐related phenotype when grown under varying conditions of metal supply.
Expression of an Arabidopsis vacuolar H+‐pyrophosphatase gene (AVP1) in cotton improves drought‐ and salt tolerance and increases fibre yield in the field conditions
Authors: Pasapula Vijaya , Shen Guoxin , Kuppu Sundaram , Paez‐Valencia Julio , Mendoza Marisol , Hou Pei , Chen Jian , Qiu Xiaoyun , Zhu Longfu , Zhang Xianlong , Auld Dick , Blumwald Eduardo , Zhang Hong , Gaxiola Roberto , Payton Paxton 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Arabidopsis gene AVP1 encodes a vacuolar pyrophosphatase that functions as a proton pump on the vacuolar membrane. Overexpression of AVP1 in Arabidopsis, tomato and rice enhances plant performance under salt and drought stress conditions, because up‐regulation of the type I H+‐PPase from Arabidopsis may result in a higher proton electrochemical gradient, which facilitates enhanced sequestering of ions and sugars into the vacuole, reducing water potential and resulting in increased drought‐ and salt tolerance when compared to wild‐type plants. Furthermore, overexpression of AVP1 stimulates auxin transport in the root system and leads to larger root systems, which helps transgenic plants absorb water more efficiently under drought conditions. Using the same approach, AVP1‐expressing cotton plants were created and tested for their performance under high‐salt and reduced irrigation conditions. The AVP1‐expressing cotton plants showed more vigorous growth than wild‐type plants in the presence of 200 mm NaCl under hydroponic growth conditions. The soil‐grown AVP1‐expressing cotton plants also displayed significantly improved tolerance to both drought and salt stresses in greenhouse conditions. Furthermore, the fibre yield of AVP1‐expressing cotton plants is at least 20% higher than that of wild‐type plants under dry‐land conditions in the field. This research indicates that AVP1 has the potential to be used for improving crop’s drought‐ and salt tolerance in areas where water and salinity are limiting factors for agricultural productivity.
Prevalence of obesity in Dakar
Authors: Macia E. , Duboz P. , Gueye L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe present study is to our knowledge the first to evaluate the prevalence of obesity among both men and women in Dakar. It was carried out on a sample of 600 dwellers of the Senegalese capital. The prevalence of general obesity is 8.3%, and that of overweight is 22.3%. The underweight rate remains high, given that 12.3% of the adults in this sample show a body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2. The prevalence of central obesity is 41.2% according to waist to hip ratio (WHR), and 21.2% according to waist circumference (WC). These figures mask considerable differences between men and women and between generations. For instance, women are often more obese than men, whether it is a question of general obesity (13% and 3.9% respectively) or central obesity (37.5% and 5.5% by WC respectively). Moreover, prevalence of general and central obesity rise drastically with age, irrespective of gender. Thus, in addition to combating infectious disease and undernutrition, Senegal must now face problems associated with overweight and obesity.
WHEN CONCRETIZED EMOTION‐BELIEF COMPLEXES DERAIL DECISION‐MAKING CAPACITY
Authors: HALPERN JODI 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThere is an important gap in philosophical, clinical and bioethical conceptions of decision‐making capacity. These fields recognize that when traumatic life circumstances occur, people not only feel afraid and demoralized, but may develop catastrophic thinking and other beliefs that can lead to poor judgment. Yet there has been no articulation of the ways in which such beliefs may actually derail decision‐making capacity. In particular, certain emotionally grounded beliefs are systematically unresponsive to evidence, and this can block the ability to deliberate about alternatives. People who meet medico‐legal criteria for decision‐making capacity can react to health and personal crises with such capacity‐derailing reactions. One aspect of this is that a person who is otherwise cognitively intact may be unable to appreciate her own future quality of life while in this complex state of mind. This raises troubling ethical challenges. We cannot rely on the current standard assessment of cognition to determine decisional rights in medical and other settings. We need to understand better how emotionally grounded beliefs interfere with decision‐making capacity, in order to identify when caregivers have an obligation to intervene.
WHICH BENEFITS OF RESEARCH PARTICIPATION COUNT AS ‘DIRECT’?
Authors: FRIEDMAN ALEXANDER , ROBBINS EMILY , WENDLER DAVID 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTIt is widely held that individuals who are unable to provide informed consent should be enrolled in clinical research only when the risks are low, or the research offers them the prospect of direct benefit. There is now a rich literature on when the risks of clinical research are low enough to enroll individuals who cannot consent. Much less attention has focused on which benefits of research participation count as ‘direct’, and the few existing accounts disagree over how this crucial concept should be defined. This disagreement raises concern over whether those who cannot consent, including children and adults with severe dementia, are being adequately protected. The present paper attempts to address this concern by considering first what additional protections are needed for these vulnerable individuals. This analysis suggests that the extant definitions of direct benefits either provide insufficient protection for research subjects or pose excessive obstacles to appropriate research. This analysis also points to a modified definition of direct benefits with the potential to avoid these two extremes, protecting individuals who cannot consent without blocking appropriate research.
The para‐aortic ridge plays a key role in the formation of the renal, adrenal and gonadal vascular systems
Authors: Isogai Sumio , Horiguchi Mayuko , Hitomi Jiro 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRenal, adrenal, gonadal, ureteral and inferior phrenic arteries vary in their level of origin and in their calibre, number and precise anatomical relationship to other structures. Studies of the origin and early development of these arteries have evoked sharp disputes. The ladder theory of Felix, which states that ‘All the mesonephric arteries may persist; from them are formed the phrenic, suprarenal, renal and internal spermatic arteries’ has been generally quoted in the anatomical textbooks without rigorous verification for 100 years. In this study, we re‐examined this theory by performing micro‐injection of dye and resin into rat (Rattus norvegicus) embryos. Our results revealed that most of the mesonephric arteries had degenerated before the metanephros started its ascent. The definitive renal, adrenal, gonadal, ureteral and inferior phrenic arteries appeared as new branches from the gonadal artery and/or directly from the abdominal aorta to the para‐aortic ridge. Coincidental to this, the anatomical architecture of the inter‐renal vascular cage, which consists of the interlobar and arcuate arteries and their collateral veins, was completed within the developing metanephros. We demonstrated that the delicate renal vascular cage switched from the primary renal artery to the definitive renal artery and that the route of venous drainage changed from the posterior cardinal vein to the inferior (caudal) vena cava.