bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of risk in track and field venue management: are hammer facilities overlooked?
Authors: Judge Lawrence W. , Bellar David , Petersen Jeffrey , Wanless Elizabeth 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the level of compliance with National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) Track and Field Hammer Facility Recommendations at Division I universities in the USA, and to determine factors related to perceptions of facility safety.Design/methodology/approachA 35‐item survey instrument was distributed to 279 applicable schools with a 28 percent response rate. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to determine factors significantly related to overall perception of safety.FindingsA total of 78.1 percent participants in the study report compliance with the NCAA minimum recommendations and 38 percent also meet the IAAF standards. Analysis of the perceived safety reported by coaches reveal a significant prediction equation. Further analyses reveal significant risk involving some current facilities guidelines.Practical implicationsThe NCAA may need to examine their present hammer facility guidelines and consider alignment with the new standards of the IAAF.Originality/valueThe paper creates a new application of statistical analyses for risk perception in a specific sport setting.
Polyaniline and poly(m‐toluidine) prepared by inverse emulsion pathway as corrosion inhibitors in surface coatings
Authors: Abd El‐Ghaffar M.A. , Abdelwahab N.A. , Youssef E.A.M. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine the synthesis of polyaniline (PAn) and poly(m‐toluidine) (PmT) via an inverse emulsion polymerisation pathway and evaluate of the synthesised polymers as corrosion inhibitors for steel protection in surface coatings.Design/methodology/approachPAn and PmT were prepared by inverse emulsion polymerisation using ammonium persulphate as an initiator and sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) as an emulsifier. Spectrophotometric measurements were conducted to characterise the prepared polymers. Latex paint formulations were prepared and dry paint films were evaluated for their physical, mechanical and corrosion protection performance.FindingsThe prepared conducting polymers of PAn and PmT are good candidates for enhancing the corrosion protection of steel. They showed good performance as corrosion inhibitors in latex paints without bad side effects on the physico‐mechanical properties of paint films.Practical implicationsRecent advances in corrosion protection of steel by coatings via inverse emulsion polymerisation of aniline and m‐toluidine have improved performance of anti‐corrosive water‐borne paints. Using formulations based on this new technology, offer uncompromised high performance eco‐friendly anti‐corrosive water‐borne systems that answer the future industrial demands from the economical and environmental points of view.Originality/valuePAn and PmT prepared by inverse emulsion polymerisation showed promising results as corrosion inhibitors for steel protection. The polymerisation process was conducted in water (emulsion polymerisation) and the polymer lattices were incorporated in water borne paints from ecological and economical points of view.
Technology rejection: the case of the wallet phone
Authors: Swilley Esther 
Published: July 2010

PurposeA wallet phone is a type of cell phone that is used for storage of all information, including identification, pictures, even airline tickets. This study seeks to understand consumer rejection of a technology, specifically wallet phone technology, using the technology acceptance model.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies were conducted using different samples in order to assess the differences in a student sample and a more diverse sample. In the first study, 226 students were sampled. In the second study, an online survey was conducted through a consumer panel and 480 surveys were collected. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis in order to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe findings suggest that a wallet phone is not seen by consumers as either easy to use or useful, as both were not found to be significant in their influence on attitudes toward wallet phones. Perceived risk was found to be significant. In addition, security and privacy were found to have a negative effect on attitudes toward wallet phones. Attitudes toward wallet phones had a negative affect on the intention to use this technology.Originality/valueThis research investigates new insights on new product adoption and rejection using the technology acceptance model.
Country of origin, ethnocentrism and bicultural consumers: the case of Mexican Americans
Authors: Zolfagharian Mohammad Ali , Sun Qin 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe paper's aim is to explore how bicultural consumers differ from monocultural consumers, and among themselves, in terms of country‐of‐origin effect and ethnocentrism.Design/methodology/approachA multidisciplinary literature review pointed to a set of hypotheses regarding the differences between biculturals (Mexican Americans) and monoculturals (Mexicans and Americans), and between bicultural groups (integrating biculturals versus alternating biculturals). Two pilot tests and two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses.FindingsBicultural Mexican Americans are less ethnocentric than either American or Mexican monoculturals; exhibit more favorable quality evaluation and purchase intention toward American brands than Mexican monoculturals; and exhibit more favorable quality evaluation and purchase intention toward Mexican brands than American monoculturals. Although ethnocentrism does not significantly demarcate alternating biculturals from their integrating counterparts, alternators are more likely than integrators to provide a favorable evaluation of foreign brands and entertain the intention to purchase them.Research limitations/implicationsAs a starting‐point for understanding the bicultural consumer, this study is subject to exploratory research limitations.Originality/valueThe country‐of‐origin literature implicitly assumes that consumers identify with either the country where the product is originated or the country where it is sold. This assumption, however, might not hold for ethnic groups who identify with both countries. Such bicultural consumers might identify with the product's origin country as well as target country and, therefore, be less amenable to the country‐of‐origin hypothesis. We address this important research gap.
Green consumer behavior: determinants of curtailment and eco‐innovation adoption
Authors: Jansson Johan , Marell Agneta , Nordlund Annika 
Published: July 2010

PurposeKnowledge of green consumer behavior is important for environmental and business reasons. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of green curtailment behaviors and consumer adoption of innovations marketed as green (eco‐innovations), and to analyze factors explaining these two types of green behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe results from a survey on adopters and non‐adopters (n=1,832) of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) are reported. Regression analysis on willingness to curtail car use and willingness to adopt a so‐called environmentally friendly car are used to identify significant determinants across the behavioral categories.FindingsThe results show that values, beliefs, norms, and habit strength determine willingness to curtail and willingness for eco‐innovation adoption. Personal norms have a strong positive influence on willingness for the behaviors and habit strength has a negative influence. The other determinants have varying influence depending on type of behavior.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of this study concerns the focus on only one eco‐innovation. However, since the adoption of AFVs is a high involvement behavior, the results carry implications for other high involvement products as well.Practical implicationsAttitudinal factors and habits in combination prove to be effective determinants for curtailment behaviors and willingness to adopt eco‐innovations. In addition, previous adoption is found to be a strong determinant of future willingness to adopt.Originality/valueThe contribution of the paper is the two‐sided approach on green consumer behavior and the result that values, beliefs and norms not only predict low involvement post‐purchase behaviors but also adoption of high involvement eco‐innovations.
If they could see me now: immigrants' use of prestige brands to convey status
Authors: Eunjung Kwak Lynn , Sojka Jane Z. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the degree of ethnic identity and demographic characteristics (the length of residency in the USA, education, income, age, and origin of ethnicity) in relation to brand purchases for status.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a survey of 324 retail customers of Hispanics (n=173) and Asians (n=151) with analysis performed using regression analysis, t‐tests, and ANCOVA.FindingsThe stronger an immigrant identifies with his/her ethnic culture, the more likely he/she is to purchase high‐priced branded products for status purposes. Immigrants with higher incomes are more likely to purchase high‐ priced prestige brands. Younger immigrants report a greater propensity to purchase high‐priced prestige brands. No relationship with the dependent variable was found with length of time in the USA, education, and origin of ethnicities of immigrants.Originality/valueThe major contribution of this research is to demonstrate the importance of ethnic identity strength, to reveal the major demographic variables on immigrant consumer behaviors, and to identify means by which practitioners can effectively use ethnicity strength, income, and age to target immigrant consumers.
Choosing futures: influence of ethnic origin in university choice
Authors: Ivy Jonathan 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to determine the role of ethnic origin on university application among Leicester college students.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of a quantitative survey of 427 students in sixth form colleges in Leicester.FindingsFive distinct motivational factors were derived from a survey of 427 sixth form college students in Leicester (UK). For all ethnic groups, the student's career is the most important motivating factor; the other motivators are, however, more varied. The influence of the family was most important among Pakistani and African students. Indian and “other” Asian students were most strongly associated with academic and social motivators. White applicants, on the other hand, had no relative strengths with regard to common motivators. What was perhaps more apparent was how unimportant family was on influencing choice. There were also differences between the ethnic groups and the university type applied for. While Afro‐Caribbeans had 100 per cent acceptance to the universities they chose, they were least likely to apply at “pre‐1992” universities. In spite of having the lowest UCAS points score, African students were most likely to apply for and be accepted at “old” universities. Whites (with the best academic performance) were the least likely group to be accepted at the universities (predominantly pre‐1992 institution) at which they applied.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey only considered students at sixth form colleges; it excluded those A level students at comprehensive or fee paying schools.Practical implicationsWidening participation remains on the agenda for many universities. Having a fuller understanding of ethnic minorities' influences in university choice will better enable universities to develop marketing programmes for their recruitment.Originality/valueSince the adoption of Widening Participation initiatives, the profile of applications through UCAS has changed. The study revisits ethnic group motivations to apply to UCAS for university entrance.
Healthcare reforms and cost reduction strategies in Europe
Authors: Simonet Daniel 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse health reforms carried out in a sample of European countries.Design/methodology/approachUsing a country‐specific approach, outstanding health reform features such as: greater competition between sickness funds in Germany; fund‐holding practices in the UK; managed care models in Switzerland; health networks in France; and healthcare system decentralisation in Italy are analysed.FindingThere have been different approaches to controlling healthcare costs. Some states relied on public sector competition by creating quasi‐markets (UK), insurance sector competition, particularly in Switzerland and Germany, organisational reforms in France by creating health networks and decentralisation in Italy.Research limitations/implicationsSocietal and legal aspects are not discussed.Originality/valueThe paper compares healthcare reform effectiveness in a number of western European countries.
Quality control and quality assurance of medical committee performance in the Israel Defense Forces
Authors: Chaiter Yoram , Machluf Yossy , Pirogovsky Avinoam , Palma Elio , Yona Avi , Shohat Tamar , Yitzak Amir , Tal Orna , Ash Nachman 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to focus on a unique quality control system that was set up ten years ago to evaluate Medical Classification Committee decision‐making processes at the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) conscription center.Design/methodology/approachTwo main approaches were deployed by the control system to assess medical classification committees' performance. The first was direct assessment of the medical committees' clinical work and decision‐making processes. The second applied data mining procedures to the computerized medical databases. The functional classification codes (FCCs) – codes for the most common medical disorders assigned to male recruits from the central computerized central IDF database, the sub‐districts comprising the recruitment centers, and the chairmen assigning the FCCs to recruits – were all analyzed.FindingsA total of 26 FCCs, each indicating a common medical problem and its severity, constituted approximately 90 percent of all FCCs assigned at recruitment centers between 2001 and 2006. Major contributors to medical profiling outcomes were underweight, asthma, chronic headache, mental illness, symptomatic scoliosis, hypnosis, chronic back pain, knee joint disorders, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. Evaluating the computerized medical database revealed significant differences in: medical profile prevalence; recruitment center FCCs; different sub‐districts in a given recruitment center; and profiling by medical committee chairmen.Practical implicationsFindings indicate disparities between recruitment centers and their chairmen in the medical profiling process owing to variations in recruitment center working methods and medical history taking, physical examinations, interpreting medical information and individual differences in the chairmen's decision‐making process. Other reasons include technician and laboratory staff inaccuracies. These significant discrepancies highlighted the need for an intervention program. To minimize variations and create a uniform work platform, an orderly instruction system and training programs for the committee chairmen, technicians and laboratory staff were established. These actions resulted in improved performance in 2007 as confirmed by a decreased variability in the assignment of medical FCCs.Originality/valueThe paper highlights methods that can be used to assess disability screening, sports medicine committees and primary care setting procedures.
Reducing unnecessary outpatient attendances
Authors: Donnellan F. , Hussain T. , Aftab A.R. , McGurk C. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore unnecessary outpatient department attendances and to improve efficiency by actively pre‐assessing patient charts and pre‐specifying management plans before scheduled outpatient visits.Design/methodology/approachAll charts were reviewed by a senior clinician two weeks before the clinic and a brief, written management plan made.FindingsA significant reduction in clinic sizes by about 40 per cent can be expected. There was a non‐significant increase in the ratio of new to review patients and no significant reduction in waiting lists.Research limitations/implicationsPre‐assessing patient charts leads to cancelling unnecessary outpatient reviews, which can increase outpatient department effectiveness.Originality/valueClinical efficiency is becoming increasingly important. This work describes a simple strategy to improve outpatient department productivity.
Thermal cycling of flip chips on FR‐4 and PI substrates with parylene C coating
Authors: Kokko Kati , Frisk Laura , Heino Pekka 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of conformal coating on the thermal cycling reliability of anisotropically conductive adhesive film (ACF) joined flip chip components on FR‐4 and polyimide (PI) substrates.Design/methodology/approachTest chips were joined using flip chip technology and an anisotropically conductive adhesive. The conformal coating used was parylene C and it was applied using the vapour deposition polymerisation method. The reliability of ACF joined flip chip components on FR‐4 and PI substrates was evaluated using −40/+85°C thermal cycling testing. Test lots with and without parylene C coating were studied. Additionally, one test lot with initial moisture inside the coating layer and a PI substrate was subjected to the test. The reliability results were analyzed using Weibull analysis and failure analysis was performed to study the failure mechanisms using cross sectioning and optical and scanning electron microscopy.FindingsThe results show a clear difference between the FR‐4 and PI substrate materials. PI substrate material proved to be reliable enough to withstand the thermal cycling testing. Two different occurrences of the first failures are seen and analyzed with FR‐4 substrates. The conformal coating layer did not seem to impair the reliability. Parylene C coating proved to be a reliable choice to protect, and even improve, the thermal cycling reliability of flip chip devices.Originality/valueUsually, conformal coatings are studied in humidity tests. However, it is also vital to know whether the conformal coatings affect the reliability in thermal cycling and there is a lack of reliability studies in this area. This paper gives reliability data for conformal coating users about the influence of thermal cycling.
Ethical decision‐making: an integrative model for business practice
Authors: Pimentel J.R.C. , Kuntz J.R. , Elenkov Detelin S. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer an interdisciplinary review of the existing research on ethical behavior – informed by philosophical theories, social sciences, and applied business research – and identifies the merits and limitations of the extant theories, including the applicability of prescriptive frameworks and models to business practice.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the review, the paper advances a descriptive model of ethical decision‐making criteria that elucidates how individual, organizational, and environmental variables interact to influence attitude formation across critical components of an ethical issue.FindingsThe model advanced expands upon other existing frameworks and provides a comprehensive and simultaneous assessment of the interplay between individual‐level variables (e.g. demographic variables, position in the organisation), the structure and climate of the organisation in which the decisions are made, and the social and political features of the business environment.Practical implicationsThe proposed model can be used as a training tool and it holds several advantages over the extant alternatives, namely versatility (it is adaptable to the specific organizational context in which respondents are required to conceptualize the dilemma and generate courses of action), and scope (the model allows for the simultaneous assessment of a myriad of cross‐level variables).Originality/valueThe paper offers a comprehensive decision‐making model that can be used to examine ethical decisions in business settings, to investigate potential differences in decision‐making accuracy and ethical reasoning between groups and individuals, and to examine the impact of changing ethical climates in organizational strategy.
A longitudinal and contextual analysis of media representation of business ethics
Authors: Barkemeyer R. , Holt D. , Figge F. , Napolitano G. 
Published: July 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of media representation of business ethics within 62 international newspapers to explore the longitudinal and contextual evolution of business ethics and associated terminology. Levels of coverage and contextual analysis of the content of the articles are used as surrogate measures of the penetration of business ethics concepts into society.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a text mining application based on two samples of data: analysis of 62 national newspapers in 21 countries from 1990 to 2008; analysis of the content of two samples of articles containing the term business ethics (comprised of 100 newspaper articles spread over an 18‐year period from a sample of US and UK newspapers).FindingsThe paper demonstrates increased coverage of sustainability topics within the media over the last 18 years associated with events such as the Rio Summit. Whilst some peaks are associated with business ethics scandals, the overall coverage remains steady. There is little apparent use in the media of concepts such as corporate citizenship. The academic community and company ethical codes appear to adopt a wider definition of business ethics more akin to that associated with sustainability, in comparison with the focus taken by the media, especially in the USA. Coverage demonstrates clear regional bias and contextual analysis of the articles in the UK and USA also shows interesting parallels and divergences in the media representation of business ethics.Originality/valueA promising avenue to explore how the evolution of sustainability issues including business ethics can be tracked within a societal context.