bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risperidone Long-acting Injectable in Stable Patients with Schizophrenia from Related Disorders Switched from Oral Olanzapine
Authors: Rosa F. , Thomas P. , Schreiner A. , Sherif T. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:To explore the efficacy of risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) in patients previously treated with oral olanzapine requiring therapy change.Methods:This 6-month, multicenter, prospective, open-label trial evaluated adult patients with psychotic disorders treated with a stable dose of olanzapine, who required a treatment change due to lack of efficacy and/or tolerability. Three weeks after RLAI initiation, olanzapine use was tapered over 1 or 3 weeks at the discretion of the investigator. Primary efficacy evaluation was Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score change. Secondary endpoints included PANSS subscales, Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Safety was evaluated by recording treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).Results:96 patients were enrolled (53 tapered olanzapine within 1-week and 43 over 3-weeks). Mean olanzapine baseline dose was 19.2±11.8 and 29.9±17.5 mg/day in 1-week tapering and 3-week tapering groups, respectively. 40.6% of patients were initiated on 25 mg RLAI every-two-weeks. Treatment was completed by 79 patients (82.3%). Treatment discontinuation was mainly due to withdrawal of consent (n=4), AE (n=3), injection refusal (n=2), or lost to follow-up (n=2). Improvements in PANSS total and subscale scores, CGI-S and GAF were significant from baseline to endpoint (p< 0.0001). 74 TEAEs were reported in 42 patients (42.9%). TEAEs reported in ≥2% of patients were agitation (3.6%), insomnia (3.6%), and schizophrenia (9.1%). Serious AEs occurred in 10 patients.Conclusions:Switching treatment from oral olanzapine to RLAI led to clinically-relevant symptomatic and functional improvement in more than half of all patients. RLAI treatment was generally well-tolerated.
Prolactin Screening in a Cohort of Schizophrenia Patients in Birmingham
Authors: Waheed I. , Khan A. 
Published: March 2009

Aim:To establish the numerical prevalence and severity of raised prolactin levels in patients apparently asymptomatic.Method:All outpatients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotics at Small Heath Health Centre had routine annual prolactin measurements. the sampling was done 0900-1300 either in clinic or at patient's homes. the Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) for prolactin was set by the hospital pathology service at 324 mIU/L (males) and 496 mIU/L (females). Sampling was done 0900-1200 either in clinic or at patient's homes. We recorded the patient's name, age, unit number, ethnicity, details of current medication, recent changes to medication and symptoms of hyperprolactinaemia.Results:Prolactin levels were obtained for 43 patients (M: 24 F:19). All of these patients had no clinical symptomatology that had led to prolactin measurements previously. Abnormal values were found in 47 per cent of females and 58 per cent of males, or 56 per cent (n=24) of the whole cohort. the mean prolactin was 789 mIU/L with a mean of 497 mIU/L in males and 1100 mIU/L in females. All patients on oral risperidone had hyperprolactinaemia.Conclusion:Routine prolactin screening showed abnormal values in 56 per cent of patients and significantly abnormal levels (>1000 mIU/L) that should lead to consideration of drug/dosage alterations in 26% of patients. the prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in an unselected group of outpatients with schizophrenia suggests that consideration may be given to routine monitoring.
Do ADHD and Autism Symptoms Predict Specific OC Symptom Dimensions from OC Symptom Severity in OCD?
Authors: Anholt G. , Cath D. , van Oppen P. , Eikelenboom M. , Smit J. , van Megen H. , van Balkom A. 
Published: March 2009

Backgrond:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are frequently comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, limited research exists with respect to the relations between these symptoms, and their impact on OC symptom severity.Method:109 outpatients with primary OCD and 87 healthy controls were administered OCD, ADHD, and ASD questionnaires. Univariate analyses, correlations, and stepwise regression analyses were conducted.Results:OCD, ADHD, and autism symptoms were highly correlated, with OCD patients showing elevated ADHD as well as autism scores when compared with healthy controls. OCD patients with comorbid ADHD presented with higher autism symptoms and OCD symptoms, yet similar OCD severity scores as OCD without ADHD patients. the attention switching and lack of social skills subscales of the Autism Questionnaire (AQ) were particularly correlated with ADHD and OCD symptoms in the patient group. the AQ subscale attention switching proved to be the most significant predictor of OCD severity and symptoms (with the exception of hoarding). Contrary to expectations, the AQ subscale attention to detail did not predict OCD symptoms, nor did any of the AQ subscale scores predict hoarding symptoms.Conclusions:OCD patients present with elevated scores of ADHD and ASD symptoms, and these symptoms (particularly attention switching) are important in predicting OC symptoms and severity. It is suggested that problems in attention may be related to the uncertainty about one's own memory as demonstrated by OCDs patients, as well as a common factor underlying comorbid ADHD and ASD symptoms.
Alexithymia and Suicide Risk among Patients with Obsessive-compulsive Disorder
Authors: De Berardis D. , Serroni N. , Pizzorno A.M. , Moschetta F.S. , Sepede G. , Gambi F. , Aiello G. , D'Albenzio A. , Mancini E. , Salerno R.M. , Ferro F.M. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:The aim of our study was to evaluate relationships between alexithymia and suicidal ideation a sample of adult outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).Methods:A sample of 86 adult outpatients with OCD (44 females and 42 males), was evaluated with a series of rating scales such as the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI) and Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). the score of item #11 on the Y-BOCS was considered as a measure of insight.Results:Alexithymics showed a more early onset, a longer duration of illness and were more suitable to have a chronic course than nonalexithymics; they also reported higher MADRS and SSI scores. Alexithymics without insight (n=21) reported higher SSI scores than alexithymics with insight, nonalexythimics without insight and nonalexithymics with insight. A linear regression showed that chronic OCD course together with DIF dimension of TAS-20 and higher MADRS scores were significantly associated with higher suicide risk.Conclusions:Alexithymia and depressive symptoms were highly correlated in OCD patients and were significantly associated with higher suicide risk. DIF dimension of TAS-20 seems to be significantly associated with presence of suicidal ideation as well as chronic course of disorder. However, further longitudinal studies on larger samples are needed to definitely clarify this topic.
Directional Persistence in the Rewarded Alternation Model of Obsessive-compulsive Disorder is Responsive to both Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Manipulations
Authors: Kontis D. , Boulougouris V. , Papadopoulos S. , Papakosta V.-M. , Kalogerakou S. , Poulopoulou C. , Tsaltas E. , Papadimitriou G. 
Published: March 2009

Rationale:In the rewarded alternation model of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), the serotonin agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) increases persistent behaviour, while chronic pretreatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI-fluoxetine) but not benzodiazepine or desipramine abolishes mCPP effects. However, we noted that acute SSRI administration also causes transient persistence increases, counteracted by mCPP pretreatment.Objectives:This studya.further explores the apparent cross-tolerance between fluoxetine and mCPP andb.extends the model by investigating its sensitivity to dopaminergic manipulations (D2,3 agonism - quinpirole).Methods:In both experiments, baseline and drug testing was carried out under daily T-maze alternation training.Exp.1:Matched group (n=8) pairs of rats received one of the following 20-day pretreatments (daily intraperitoneal administration):1.saline,2.low-dose fluoxetine (2.5mg/kg),3.low-dose mCPP (0.5mg/kg) or4.combined fluoxetine+mCPP.One group per pretreatment then received a 4-day challenge with high-dose fluoxetine (10mg/kg), the other with high-dose mCPP (2.5mg/kg).Exp.2:One group (n=12) of rats received 20-day treatment with saline, another with quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg).Results:Exp.1:Saline and low-dose mCPP- or fluoxetine-pretreated animals showed significant persistence increases under both challenges, while combined low-dose fluoxetine+mCPP pretreatment afforded full protection from either challenge.Exp.2:Quinpirole significantly increased directional persistence after 13 administration days.Conclusions:These results establish the sensitivity of the rewarded alternation OCD model to D2,3receptor activation, thereby extending its profile of pharmacological isomorphism with OCD. Furthermore, they suggest a common mechanism of action of an SSRI and a serotonin agonist in the control of directional persistence.
an Investigation of 5-ht2 Involvement in the Acute Behavioural Effects of Fluoxetine and MCPP in an Animal Model of OCD
Authors: Tsaltas E. , Papakosta V.-M. , Kalogerakou S. , Papadopoulos S. , Kontis D. , Boulougouris V. , Papadimitriou G. 
Published: March 2009

Background:We reported that the non-specific 5HT agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) and the SSRI fluoxetine (FLX) both cause acute persistence increases in the rewarded alternation (RA) model of OCD. Chronic pretreatment with either substance or their combined subclinical doses protects from this ‘pathogenic’ effect, so mCPP and fluoxetine exhibit cross-tolerance and synergy.Aims:Using specific 5HT2A and 5HT2C receptor antagonists we investigated whether these receptors participate in a common mechanism of action mediating the acute mCPP/fluoxetine effect in our model.Methods:Naïve, male Wistars were used. Drugs used (intraperitoneally): FLX (10mg/kg), mCPP (2.5mg/kg), M100907 (5HT2A antagonist, 0.03mg/kg), SB242084 (5HT2C antagonist, 0.5mg/kg), vehicle. Experiments included a drug-free training/baseline phase in T-maze RA (group-matching for spontaneous persistence: SP).Experiment 1: Effects of M100907, SB242084, vehicle were assessed on 3 matched low SP and 3 high SP groups.Experiment 2: the acute effect of FLX, mCPP and saline were examined on RA in 3 SP-matched groups.Experiment 3: Effects of Vehicle+FLX, M100900+FLX, SB242084+FLX and Vehicle were examined on RA, in 4 SP-matched groups.Experiment 4: Correspondingly for mCPP.Results:Experiment 1: Neither M100907 nor SB242084 affected high or low SP.Experiment 2 replicated the pathogenic effects of FLX/mCPP.Experiment 3: Neither M100907 nor SB242084 affected the pathogenic effect of FLX.Experiment 4: in contrast, SB242084 (but not M100907) significantly reduced the pathogenic mCPP effect.Conclusions:The acute pathogenic action of mCPP, but not of FLX, involves 5HT2C but not 5HT2A receptors. the similar acute action of mCPP and FLX on persistence cannot be attributed to 5HT2 mediation.
Self-esteem in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Rahman R.U. , Husain N. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Despite important relation between obsessive compulsive disorder and self esteem there is death of local data.Method:The present study was carried out in Jan-March 2008 on 64 patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder and 30 attendants (control group) attending psychiatric outpatient clinic at civil hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. on inclusion in study, individuals having obsessive compulsive disorder aged 18-70 years were asked to complete two questionnaires to measure self-esteem that measure different aspect of self esteem. a) the Urdu version of Rosenberg self-esteem scale and b) the Janis and Field Social Adequacy scale. Statistical analyses of the scores of the two self-esteem scales were performed.Results:The results of the present study demonstrate that patient with obsessive compulsive disorder suffer significant degree of lowered self-esteem Mean 51.4(SD 12.0)] than control group [Mean 94.1(SD 11.8)] on Janis and field scale. That means that patients suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder have low social adequacy as compare to normal people this was more in female who score low (mean 49.48) than man (mean 53.9). Similar results of statistically significant (p< .000) difference in of control (Mean19.33) & OCD patient (Mean 34.08) was revealed by Rosenberg self esteem scale. in this study both scales of self esteem assessment have high correlation (correlation coefficient = -0.55).Conclusion:The results of this study support the result of other study that there is a vicious cycle between low self-esteem and obsessive compulsive disorders. Low self-esteem makes individuals susceptible to develop obsessive compulsive disorder.
Improved Postural Control after Behavioural Short Term Intervention in Patients with Psychiatric Dizziness
Authors: Best C. , Tschan R. , Dellani P. , Stieber N. , Beutel M. , Eckhardt-Henn A. , Dieterich M. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Patients with psychiatric dizziness often report subjective instability of stance and gait and fear of falls. They showed increased activity of their body sway in static posturography compared to normals (1, 2). Aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of a behavioural therapy by static posturography.Methods:14 patients with psychiatric dizziness were included in the prospective study on static posturography to quantify the postural sway (sway path) during upright stance under different conditions. the psychosomatic examination comprised of standardized interviews (SCID-Interview) and a psychometric examination battery (SCL-90, VSS, VHQ). Results of static posturography were compared to those of an age-matched control group (n=23), baseline measurements were compared to the results after behavioural short term intervention.Results:At baseline patients revealed significantly lower sway-path values in the anterior-posterior and lateral planes (p< 0.001 - p=0.042) but significantly elevated values in the vertical plane (p=0.015 - p=0.042). They had to be supported more often in the examination setting to prevent falls (p< 0.001). after the short term intervention therapy a normalization of sway path values was present, especially the increased vertical sway activity was reduced (p=0.028).Conclusion:Patients with psychiatric dizziness activate significantly more anti-gravity muscles which reflects a change in postural strategy with an increased “stiffness” and a consecutively higher rate of “falls”. the patient's conscious control of stance augments coactivation of anti-gravity muscles. This typical pattern of postural control could be normalized by a short term behavioural therapy.1. Krafczyk, 1999; 2. Querner, 2000.
Integral Self Therapy: A Novel Transpersonal Psychotherapeutic Method [P03-42]
Authors: Bhat S. 
Published: March 2009

This paper summarizes the results of Integral Self Therapy in the treatment of a group of 30 patients with mild anxiety and depression, and explains the steps involved in this novel psychotherapeutic method.Integral Self Therapy (IST) is best defined as a transpersonal, nondual, psychotherapeutic method.It is a form of transpersonal psychotherapy since practitioners of IST incorporate a spiritual understanding of the nature of the self into the therapeutic practice. IST has its theoretical foundations in the eastern paradigm of self-concept.“Non-Dual” refers to the eastern concept of the lack of an inherent difference between the observer and observed - a personal identity is considered to be a part of a larger whole. While this has traditionally been seen as a metaphysical concept, it has powerful therapeutic implications.For example, a person with depression and anxiety might feel a great deal of relief if they are able to experience what Maslow called “peak experiences”.Integral Self Therapy uses meditation, and gentle confrontation to create transcendent experiences.These experiences are then placed into context by the therapist, comparing these experiences with the patient's own sense of depression and anxiety.In this manner, patients are moved towards a more expansive self-concept. This has a significant therapeutic benefit, with a concomitant decrease in symptoms of depression and anxiety, with results seen in 6 to 8 sessions.
When Young Children have Conduct Problems - Who are the Nonresponders after Parent Training?
Authors: Drugli M.-B. , Larsson B. 
Published: March 2009

Although most parent training programs produce positive effects, about one third of the children still show conduct problems at clinical levels after treatment.In the present study, predictors and mediators of treatment non-response among children aged 4-8 years were investigated one-year after treatment with the Incredible Years parent training program (PT), or combined parent training and child treatment (PT+CT) in a randomized controlled trial. the study was conducted in two university cities in Norway.KIDDIE-SADS, Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Parent Practices Interview (PPI), Parent Stress Index (PSI), Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ), Teacher Report Form (TRF), were used.Before treatment all children fulfilled the criteria for an ODD diagnosis or a sub-threshold diagnosis. at the one-year follow-up 33 % of the treated children still showed such a diagnosis, and they were defined as treatment non-responders.Both family and child variables predicted treatment non-response at the one-year follow-up, although being involved with the child protection services was found to be the strongest predictor in multivariate analysis. Pretreatment child characteristics predicting treatment non-response at the one-year follow-up were high levels of child internalizing and aggression problems as reported by mothers. Further, mothers of children still showing a ODD diagnosis at the one-year follow-up, reported less change in negative parenting practices as compared to mothers of treatment responders.
Prediction of Demographic Factors on the Outcome of Short- and Long-term Psychotherapy
Authors: Joutsenniemi K. , Lindfors O. , Laaksonen M. , Haaramo P. , Knekt P. 
Published: March 2009

Background:Demographic factors have been shown to predict the outcome of short-term psychotherapy in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders. So far, however, information on the prediction for long- term therapy is missing. to be able to choose an optimal psychotherapy length for the patient, it is essential to know, which demographic factors predict different outcome in short- and long-term therapy.Aim:To compare the prediction of demographic factors on changes in psychiatric symptoms in short- and long-term psychotherapy.Methods:In the Helsinki Psychotherapy Study, 326 psychiatric outpatients, aged 20-46 years, and suffering from depressive or anxiety disorders, were randomly assigned to short-term therapy (short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy or solution-focused therapy combined) or long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. the demographic factors (i.e. age, gender, education, income, and living arrangement) were assessed at baseline by a questionnaire. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Symptom Check List, Global Severity Index (SCL-90-GSI) at baseline and 7 times during a 3-year follow-up.Results:Demographic factors were found to predict symptom development during follow-up irrespective of baseline symptom level. Female gender, being aged 25 or more, living with a spouse/partner, high education, and medium level personal income predicted benefiting sufficiently from short-term therapy, whereas being aged under 25, medium education, and living with other(s) than a partner or child(ren) predicted the need of long-term therapy.Conclusions:Demographic factors may be a useful tool in the selection of patients for short- and long term therapy.
Hypnosis and Addictions: A Two Cases Report
Authors: Kammoun M.-F. , Anastasiu A. , Dumoulin T. , Garrigou J.L. 
Published: March 2009

The addiction's problems are more and more frequent at the psychaitric's consultation. Alcoholism and drug-addiction are the two types of addictions most frequently found.The bases of addiction's therapy are the weaning of the product, and the consolidation of weaning or the avoidance of the relapses.the results remain however very heterogeneous and sometimes disappointing. the usual therapies seem little adapted to the dynamics of addictive pathology, and the rechuttes are increasingly frequent, in the same way the risk of replacement of a symptom by another is not excluded.Can hypnosis help certain people to release their addictions? Hypnosis allows the subject the reinvestment its senses, as well as a modification of its relationship with the outside world. the patient can thus, to fall under a dynamics of change permattant to him to start a process of opening and exceeded the stage or it was solidified and locked up with the toxic product.Few work were carried out in the field of the assumption of responsibility patients suffering from drug-addiction and addictions under hypnosis.The objectives of this work is to study, through the illustration of two clinical cases of our daily practice, the place of hypnosis to help patients suffering from addcitives pathologies.
Psychotherapy, Pharmacotherapy and Rehabilitation of a Child with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Mojs E. , Gajewska E. , Głowacka M.D. , Samborski W. 
Published: March 2009

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most often non-progressive encephalopaties. among clinical symptoms the mobility and posture disturbances are predominantly observed, most typically neurologic and motor disturbances, showing up as spasticity, disturbances in muscle tension, ataxia or somatosensoric problems. CP and its coexisting symptoms, encompassing mental impairment are most severe causes of handicap in children and constitute an important factor deteriorating the fulfilment of developmental tasks. the improvement of the functional status depends on systematic training based on learning processes. Following training, as effect of learning, stable plastic alterations in brain occurs, based on the previously described feature of making new synaptic connections and synaptic stabilization due to apoptosis of some other neural connections. Neverless pharmacotherapy, though it cannot remove the source of the disturbances and acts mainly symptomatically, is a important element of the complex rehabilitation. However, taking into consideration the chronic and stable character of the pathologic process, it should be remembered that the pharmacologic substances used should be characterized by:•high safety,•low toxicity,•beneficial psychotropic properties,organoleptic properties accepted by children.The most frequently used drug groups in the cerebral palsy are:•tranquilizers,•anxiolytic drugs,•neuroleptics,•antidepressive drugs,•psychoenergetizing drugs, improving the brain circulation, limiting muscular tonus, - anti-epileptic drugs.Rational use of relatively wide spectrum of drugs, relaxant, sedative, anxiolytic, toning up, improving cerebral perfusion, anticonvulsory and reducing muscle tonus makes diagnostics, functional psychotherapy, kinesis therapy, ergotherapy, manual therapy, physical therapy, as well as social and occupational rehabilitation easier to a very high extent.