bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Computational Study of Metal Hydrides Based on Rubidium for Developing Solid‐State Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Didi Youssef , Bahhar Soufiane , Tahiri Abdellah , Naji Mohamed , Rjeb Abdelilah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, we explore the physical properties of RbXH3 (X=Cr, Zr) perovskite hydrides for solid‐state hydrogen storage. The structural, mechanical, electronic, optical, and hydrogen storage properties were theoretically investigated using density functional theory and CASTEP software. The selected candidates were fully relaxed and optimized in the cubic phase space group Pm‐3 m. The structural phase stability was verified by means of thermodynamic, dynamic and mechanical stabilities. Mechanical analyses based on Poisson's ratio (ν), G/B ratio, and Cauchy pressure show that RbCrH3 and RbZrH3 exhibit brittle behavior with preference of ionic bonding. The electronic structures unveil half‐metallicity in RbCrH3 compound and metallic‐like behavior in RbZrH3. Furthermore, optical calculations were also conducted to gain additional insights into the physical properties of RbXH3 compounds. The gravimetric hydrogen storage (Cwt %) capacities have been calculated as 2.09 wt % and 1.64 wt % for RbCrH3 and RbZrH3, respectively. The hydrogen desorption temperatures have been obtained as 545.11 K and 548.15 K for RbCrH3 and RbZrH3, respectively. Our calculation propose RbCrH3 hydride as potential material for hydrogen storage application.
New analytical models to predict the mechanical performance of steel fiber‐reinforced alkali‐activated concrete
Authors: Rossi Laura , Patel Ravi A. , Dehn Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe use of alkali‐activated concrete (AAC) as an alternative construction material to Portland cement‐based concrete (PCC) has been widely encouraged by its enhanced mechanical and durability performance and environmental benefits. However, AAC exhibits low flexural and tensile strength, limiting its application in areas where high post‐cracking flexural and tensile load‐bearing capacity are needed. Steel fibers can be added to improve the composite ductility and toughness. Steel fiber‐reinforced alkali‐activated concrete (SFRAAC) is a new emerging technology with research studies evaluating the effect of fiber addition on its mechanical properties still in the early stages. To promote the application of SFRAAC, analytical models predicting their mechanical performance are needed. This study evaluates the applicability to SFRAAC of previously published analytical models developed for steel fiber‐reinforced cement‐based concrete (SFRPCC). Experimental data available in the literature have been collected to create an extensive database to validate and then calibrate these currently available correlations between mechanical properties for SFRAAC. The prediction models considered in this study correlate the mechanical performance of SFRAAC, that is, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength, flexural and residual flexural strength, to the compressive strength of the reference concrete without fibers, the fiber volume fraction and the fiber reinforcing index. Thus, by knowing the performance of the AAC matrix and the fiber properties and dosage, it is possible to predict the overall mechanical behavior of the steel fiber‐reinforced composite.
Effect of solid lubricant reinforcing on drilling performance of castamide and thermal analysis
Authors: Yarar Eser , Sinmazçelik Tamer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the pressing need for enhancing the machining performance and hole quality of castamide by investigating the effects of solid lubricant addition and drilling parameters. Castamide, a highly crystalline polyamide synthesized via anionic ring‐opening polymerization, offers superior mechanical, physical, and chemical properties compared to conventional polyamide 6. However, its machining process, particularly drilling, remains a critical challenge due to its viscoelastic nature and sensitivity to heat generation. Using experimental investigations, thrust forces, drilling temperatures, hole geometry, and quality parameters are systematically analyzed and discussed. Notably, the study introduces Kestlub, a modified version of castamide with solid lubricant, and evaluates its drilling performance, a previously unexplored area in the literature. The research employs response surface methodology to model experimental data, considering both linear and quadratic effects of drilling parameters. Additionally, the significance of each parameter is assessed using ANOVA tables and Pareto charts, offering valuable insights into optimizing the drilling process for enhanced hole quality in castamide. It found that optimal drilling conditions occur at low rotational speeds and high feed rates, but thermal damage, influenced by factors like thermal conductivity and transition temperature, affects hole geometry and burr formation.Highlights
Drilling performances of solid lubricant reinforced castamides were investigated.
Drilling temperatures were recorded with a thermal camera and differential scanning calorimeter and thermal gravimetric analyses were performed.
Drilling properties were analyzed statistically according to the response surface method.
It found that optimal drilling conditions occur at low rotational speeds and high feed rates.
Gastrotomy for removal of a gastric fishhook foreign body in a blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus)
Authors: Stratton Hayley S. , Davis Ragon , Lewbart Gregory A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn adult blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) presented for ingestion of a fishing lure. Manual retrieval of the fishing lure was attempted via palpation of the stomach through the oral cavity and oesophagus. The lure was palpable within the lumen of the stomach, but it could not be safely extracted, as one of the treble‐barb hooks on the lure had perforated the gastric wall. The lure was surgically removed via gastrotomy. Six weeks following surgery, the patient experienced dehiscence of the skin incision, which was left open for healing by second intention. The patient made a complete recovery. This is the first documented gastrotomy for successful removal of a gastric fishhook foreign body in a teleost fish.
Surveyed veterinary students in Australia find ChatGPT practical and relevant while expressing no concern about artificial intelligence replacing veterinarians
Authors: Worthing Kate A. , Roberts Madeleine , Šlapeta Jan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundChat Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT) is a freely available online artificial intelligence (AI) program capable of understanding and generating human‐like language. This study assessed veterinary students’ perceptions about ChatGPT in education and practice. It compared perceptions about ChatGPT between students who had completed a critical analysis task and those who had not.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study surveyed 498 Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) students at The University of Sydney, Australia. Second‐year DVM students researched a veterinary pathogen and then completed a critical analysis of ChatGPT (version 3.5) output for the same pathogen. A survey based on the Technology Acceptance Model was then delivered to all DVM students from all years of the programme, collecting data using Likert‐style, categorical and free‐text items.ResultsOver 75% of the 100 respondents reported having used ChatGPT. The students found ChatGPT's output relevant and practical for their use but perceived it as inaccurate. They perceived ChatGPT output to be more useful for veterinary students than for pet owners or veterinarians. Those who had completed the critical analysis assignment had a more positive view of ChatGPT's practicality for veterinary students but noted its authoritative tone even when delivering inaccurate information. Over 50% of the students agreed that information about tools such as ChatGPT should be included in the veterinary curriculum. Students agreed that veterinarians should embrace AI but disagreed that AI would eventually replace the need for veterinarians.ConclusionsA critical appraisal of outputs from AI tools such as ChatGPT may help prepare future veterinarians for the effective use of these tools.
COVID-19 pneumonia in lung transplant recipients: understanding risk factors and treatment outcomes in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Toshikazu , Hirama Takashi , Akiba Miki , Watanabe Tatsuaki , Watanabe Yui , Oishi Hisashi , Niikawa Hiromichi , Okada Yoshinori 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Lung transplant (LTx) recipients face a significant risk from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with elevated hospitalization mortality rates even post-vaccination. While severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) typically induces pneumonia in even healthy individuals, it can also infect the transplanted lungs of LTx recipients, potentially leading to graft dysfunction. Despite the prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia in LTx recipients, data on its characteristics and associated risk factors remain limited. This retrospective study analyzed data from LTx recipients at Tohoku University Hospital between January 2001 and November 2023. COVID-19 cases were identified, and patient records, including thoracic computed tomography (CT) evaluations, were reviewed. Patient characteristics, vaccination history, immunosuppressant use, and comorbidities were assessed. Descriptive analysis was utilized for data presentation. Among 172 LTx recipients, 39 (22.7%) contracted COVID-19, with 9 (23%) developing COVID-19 pneumonia. COVID-19 incidence in LTx recipients aligned with national rates, but pneumonia risk was elevated. Delayed antiviral therapy initiation was noted in pneumonia cases. Remdesivir was uniformly administered and remained the primary treatment choice. LTx recipients are susceptible to COVID-19 pneumonia, warranting vigilance and tailored management strategies. Pre-transplant vaccination and prompt COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment are imperative for optimizing outcomes in this population.
A Bibliometric Analysis of the Spatial Transcriptomics Literature from 2006 to 2023
Authors: Zhao Shu-Han , Ji Xin-Yu , Yuan Guo-Zhen , Cheng Tao , Liang Hai-Yi , Liu Si-Qi , Yang Fu-Yi , Tang Yang , Shi Shuai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, spatial transcriptomics (ST) research has become a popular field of study and has shown great potential in medicine. However, there are few bibliometric analyses in this field. Thus, in this study, we aimed to find and analyze the frontiers and trends of this medical research field based on the available literature. A computerized search was applied to the WoSCC (Web of Science Core Collection) Database for literature published from 2006 to 2023. Complete records of all literature and cited references were extracted and screened. The bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix R Package software, and Scimago Graphica. A total of 1467 papers and reviews were included. The analysis revealed that the ST publication and citation results have shown a rapid upward trend over the last 3 years. Nature Communications and Nature were the most productive and most co-cited journals, respectively. In the comprehensive global collaborative network, the United States is the country with the most organizations and publications, followed closely by China and the United Kingdom. The author Joakim Lundeberg published the most cited paper, while Patrik L. Ståhl ranked first among co-cited authors. The hot topics in ST are tissue recognition, cancer, heterogeneity, immunotherapy, differentiation, and models. ST technologies have greatly contributed to in-depth research in medical fields such as oncology and neuroscience, opening up new possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Moreover, artificial intelligence and big data drive additional development in ST fields.
Graphical Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies and application prospects. (1) Imaging-based approaches, including in situ sequencing (ISS)—where transcripts are amplified and sequenced in tissue—and ISH-based approaches—where imaging probes are sequentially hybridized in tissue. (2) NGS-based techniques, in which positional information is encoded onto transcripts prior to NGS sequencing.
Long-term outcomes of older adults with acute COVID-19 following inpatient geriatric rehabilitation: a prospective cohort study from the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Mccarthy Aoife , Robinson Katie , Dockery Frances , McLoughlin Kara , O’Connor Margaret , Milos Antonella , Corey Gillian , Carey Leonora , Steed Fiona , Haaksma Miriam , Whiston Aoife , Tierney Audrey , Galvin Rose 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of research reporting the long-term outcomes of older adults who have completed geriatric rehabilitation following COVID-19.AimThe primary aim of this study is to describe the long-term functional outcomes of a cohort of older adults with acute COVID-19 who have completed inpatient geriatric rehabilitation.MethodsThis is a subgroup analysis of Irish data from a pan-European prospective cohort study. Functional ability, patient reported symptoms, and quality of life were measured using the Barthel index, the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Screen, and the EQ-5D-5L, respectively.ResultsThirty patients enrolled in the study. The rate of mortality was 23.3% at 6 months after discharge from rehabilitation. Patients achieved a return to pre-admission functional ability but reported a significant increase in patient reported symptoms and their quality of life did not return to pre-admission levels when assessed at 6 months after discharge from rehabilitation.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary rehabilitation for older adults with acute COVID-19 infection can assist patients to return to their premorbid functional ability. On discharge from rehabilitation, ongoing follow-up of older adults is recommended to assist them to negotiate and manage ongoing symptomatology such as breathlessness or fatigue.
Generative AI and Cognitive Computing-Driven Intrusion Detection System in Industrial CPS
Authors: Islam Shareeful , Javeed Danish , Saeed Muhammad Shahid , Kumar Prabhat , Jolfaei Alireza , Islam A. K. M. Najmul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndustrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPSs) are becoming more and more networked and essential to modern infrastructure. This has led to an increase in the complexity of their dynamics and the challenges of protecting them from advanced cyber threats have escalated. Conventional intrusion detection systems (IDS) often struggle to interpret high-dimensional, sequential data efficiently and extract meaningful features. They are characterized by low accuracy and a high rate of false positives. In this article, we adopt the computational design science approach to design an IDS for ICPS, driven by Generative AI and cognitive computing. Initially, we designed a Long Short-Term Memory-based Sparse Variational Autoencoder (LSTM-SVAE) technique to extract relevant features from complex data patterns efficiently. Following this, a Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network with Hierarchical Attention (BiRNN-HAID) is constructed. This stage focuses on proficiently identifying potential intrusions by processing data with enhanced focus and memory capabilities. Next, a Cognitive Enhancement for Contextual Intrusion Awareness (CE-CIA) is designed to refine the initial predictions by applying cognitive principles. This enhances the system’s reliability by effectively balancing sensitivity and specificity, thereby reducing false positives. The final stage, Interpretive Assurance through Activation Insights in Detection Models (IAA-IDM), involves the visualizations of mean activations of LSTM and GRU layers for providing in-depth insights into the decision-making process for cybersecurity analysts. Our framework undergoes rigorous testing on two publicly accessible industrial datasets, ToN-IoT and Edge-IIoTset, demonstrating its superiority over both baseline methods and recent state-of-the-art approaches.
Shock–shock interaction on the Reusability Flight Experiment (ReFEx)
Authors: Surujhlal Divek , Wartemann Viola , Wagner Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Reusability Flight Experiment (ReFEx) is currently under development at the German Aerospace Center (DLR). A coupled experimental and numerical campaign was carried out to investigate the surface heating on the payload geometry during return consisting of a forebody and canard. In this way, numerical tools for a post-flight analysis can be preemptively improved where required. Experiments were undertaken at the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Göttingen (HEG) on a 1:4 scale model with the use of temperature sensitive paint on the payload geometry to obtain surface heat flux. The model configuration was varied in angle of attack and canard deflection. Laminar and turbulence-model solvers in the DLR-TAU code were used for the numerical simulations. This investigation focussed on the shock–shock interaction of the nose bow shock with the leading-edge shock of the canards showing significant surface heat flux along the canard. Larger surface heat fluxes were measured in the experiments downstream of the shock interaction on the canard, than obtained from the laminar CFD calculations. This was attributed to transition of the boundary layer within the interaction regions, in the presence of significant adverse pressure gradients. Other flow features along the forebody in the vicinity of the canard were qualitatively matched better by the fully-turbulent numerical solutions than the laminar ones. This work aims to demonstrate the extent to which the numerical and experimental tools assist useful insights into flow phenomena during the return stages of the ReFEx payload geometry, and the aspects for which improvements are required.
Attributes influencing port times of container ships
Authors: Russo Francesco , Pedà Girolamo , Musolino Giuseppe 
Published: June 2024

AbstractShipping of freight by sea is the pillar of international trade. Maritime transport has its crucial nodes in the port systems. One of the main characteristic of ports in the context of maritime transport, is given by the port time of ships from arrival to departure in/from the port, after having completed the loading/unloading operations. It is therefore necessary to know how the different attributes of the ports influence the port times of ships. The most important attributes are then discussed and a multiple linear regression model is estimated. The results obtained are interesting because they highlight the role of attributes that affect the entire port system, such as the ship capacity. The results are important because they make it possible to identify overall investments relating to the single port system in addition to the usual actions to optimize the processing of individual ships.
The development of China’s monopoly over cobalt battery materials
Authors: Gulley Andrew L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile previous resource conflicts have often been linked to fuel minerals such as oil, future resource conflict may revolve around nonfuel minerals that enable strategic emerging technologies. During a 2010 diplomatic dispute, China reportedly blocked exports of rare earth elements to Japan, thereby leveraging China’s near-monopoly to threaten Japanese manufacturers of advanced technologies including batteries and permanent magnets. Although this caused significant concern for manufacturers outside China, China’s control over other critical minerals has yet to be studied comprehensively. Besides rare earth elements, perhaps no mineral has received more attention for its supply risks than cobalt. Here Chinese control is estimated for each cobalt material at each stage of the cobalt supply chain from 2000 through 2022. The results show that from mining, to refining, consumption, recycling, stocks, and trade, China dominates the cobalt materials that feed lithium-ion battery cathode production. Specifically, the results show that in 2022 Chinese firms had control over 62% of cobalt mine materials primarily used for cobalt chemical refining, 95% control of refined commercial-grade cobalt chemicals, 92% control of battery-grade tricobalt tetroxide, 85% control of battery-grade cobalt sulfate, and 91% control of nickel–cobalt-manganese cathode precursor materials. China’s monopoly over cobalt battery materials may imply a serious supply risk to non-Chinese battery producing and consuming industries—especially given rising geopolitical tensions and the reemergence of critical mineral export restrictions including gallium for semiconductors, germanium for solar panels, graphite for lithium-ion batteries, and (again) rare earth elements.
Sterke correlatie tussen de intensiteit van prostaatkankerrecidieven op de PSMA PET/CT-scan en het intra-operatieve gammasonde signaal
Authors: Berrens Anne-Claire , Sorbi Malou A. , Donswijk Maarten L. , de Barros Hilda A. , Azargoshasb Samaneh , van Oosterom Matthias N. , Rietbergen Daphne D. D. , Bekers Elise M. , van der Poel Henk G. , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. , van Leeuwen Pim J. 
Published: June 2024

SamenvattingProstaatspecifiek membraan antigeen (PSMA) positronemissietomografie (PET) wordt gebruikt om prostaatkankerpatiënten met een biochemisch recidief te selecteren voor radiogeleide chirurgie (RGC). Tijdens RGC kan kankerweefsel worden geïdentificeerd na intraveneuze injectie van de PSMA-gerichte tracer [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-I&S. Het doel was om de correlatie te onderzoeken tussen de maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) op de preoperatieve PSMA PET/CT-scan en het intra-operatieve numerieke signaal (tellingen/seconde) gemeten met de Drop-In-gammasonde. Negenentwintig patiënten werden geïncludeerd in de prospectieve TRACE-studie (NCT03857113). Drieëndertig recidieven (29 nodaal, vier lokaal) werden preoperatief geïdentificeerd met een mediane SUVmax van 6,2 (interkwartielafstand [IKA] 4,2–9,7). Het mediane gammasondesignaal was 134 tellingen/s (IKA 81–220) in vivo en 109 (IKA 72–219) ex vivo, met een sterke correlatie met de SUVmax-waarden (ρs 0,728 en 0,763; p < 0,001, respectievelijk). Onze bevindingen tonen een directe relatie tussen de SUVmax-waarden op PSMA PET/CT-scan en het intra-operatieve signaal. De SUVmax-waarden kunnen dus worden gebruikt om patiënten te selecteren voor RGC.
Heat tolerance and evaporative cooling capacity in an arid-zone elephant shrew
Authors: Chalwin-Milton Olivia J. B. , Freeman Marc T. , McKechnie Andrew E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEndotherms vary widely in their capacity to defend sublethal body temperature (Tb) during acute heat exposure. Interspecific variation in the upper thermal limits of small mammals remains poorly studied, particularly in taxa other than bats. We hypothesised that rupicolous elephant shrews (Macroscelidae), on account of their occupancy of above-ground rock crevices in hot habitats and rapid cursorial locomotion, have evolved pronounced heat tolerance capacities. To test this hypothesis, we quantified relationships between Tb, resting metabolic rate (RMR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) in western rock elephant shrews (Elephantulus rupestris) exposed to air temperature (Tair) approaching or exceeding Tb under conditions of low humidity representative of the study population’s arid, winter-rainfall habitat in western South Africa. Our data revealed a pronounced capacity to tolerate Tair > Tb, with E. rupestris tolerating Tair up to 48.0 ± 0.1 °C while defending Tb > 7 °C below Tair (maximum Tb = 41.64 ± 0.16 °C). Three behavioural pathways were employed to dissipate heat: open mouth panting, flattening their body posture, and nose-licking. At the highest experimental Tair values achieved, EWL increased 15.05-fold relative to normothermic levels and heat was dissipated evaporatively at rates equivalent to 174%—240% of metabolic heat production. The heat tolerance limit of Tair = 48 °C in E. rupestris is one of the highest yet recorded in a non-volant small mammal, and our data support the notion that elephant shrews possess a pronounced capacity to avoid lethal hyperthermia during acute heat exposure.