bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coastal sea level rise in southern Europe and the nonclimate contribution of vertical land motion
Authors: Wöppelmann G. , Marcos M. 
Published: November 2011

In this study, we extend the advanced approach of combining tide gauge and satellite altimetry data with supplemental equations from adjacent tide gauge records of at least 30 years of common data to investigate the relative importance of the nonclimate contribution of vertical land movement to the observed rates of sea level change along the coasts of southern Europe. The sensitivity tests proved that the advanced approach is robust and accurate at the submillimeter per year level of around 0.4 mm yr−1in estimating rates of vertical land movements. It enabled identifying stations displaying large rates of vertical land movements that must be taken into account when predicting future sea level rise and appraising the exposure to its impacts on populations and assets. The average rate of coastal climate‐related sea level rise in the Mediterranean Sea was consequently revisited to be of 1.7 mm yr−1 over the past century, whereas the Atlantic northern Iberian coast revealed a significant high rate of sea level rise in excess of 3.4 mm yr−1 for the past 70 years. Future work should consider applying this powerful approach to other geographic contexts as a useful source of supplementary data for geodynamic studies.
NADPH oxidase is involved in H2O2‐induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukaemia HL‐60 cells
Authors: Lin Changjun , Wang Huan 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe expression and activity of NADPH oxidase increase when HL‐60 cells are induced into terminally differentiated cells. However, the function of NADPH oxidase in differentiation is not well elucidated. With 150–500 μM H2O2 inducing differentiation of HL‐60 cells, we measured phagocytosis of latex beads and investigated cell electrophoresis. Two inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, DPI (diphenyleneiodonium) and APO (apocynin), blocked the differentiation potential of cells induced by 200 μM H2O2. However, H2O2 stimulated the generation of intracellular superoxide (O2•−), which decreased in the presence of the two inhibitors. DPI also inhibited H2O2‐induced ERK (extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase) activation, as detected by Western blotting. Furthermore, PD98059, the inhibitor of the ERK pathway, inhibited the differentiation of HL‐60 cells induced by H2O2. This shows that H2O2 can activate NADPH oxidase, leading to O2•− production, followed by ERK activation and ultimately resulting in the differentiation of HL‐60 cells. The data indicate that NADPH oxidase is an important cell signal regulating cell differentiation.
Heart Rate Variability in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome during Rest and Mental and Orthostatic Stress
Authors: Terkelsen Astrid J. , Mølgaard Henning , Hansen John , Finnerup Nanna B. , Krøner Karsten , Jensen Troels S. 
Published: November 2011

Background
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a pain condition with regional sensory and autonomic abnormalities in the affected limb. The authors studied systemic autonomic and hemodynamic function in CRPS patients during rest, and during orthostatic and mental arithmetic stress.

Methods
Twenty patients with CRPS and 20 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched control subjects participated. Mean values of heart rate variability, baroreceptor sensitivity, blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were estimated during supine rest and 60° tilt-table testing. On a separate day, heart rate variability was also measured during mental arithmetic stress testing induced by a paced auditory serial addition task.

Results
Heart rate was increased and heart rate variability reduced in patients with CRPS patients compared with control subjects during rest and mental and orthostatic stress, whereas baroreceptor sensitivity was unaffected. When tilted from supine to upright position, patients with CRPS were not able to preserve cardiac output in comparison with control subjects, and they exhibited an exaggerated increase in the total peripheral resistance. The hemodynamic changes correlated to pain duration but not to pain intensity.

Conclusion
The increased heart rate and decreased heart rate variability in CRPS suggest a general autonomic imbalance, which is an independent predictor for increased mortality and sudden death. The inability of the patients to protect their cardiac output during orthostatic stress was aggravated with the chronicity of the disease.
The Psb27 Assembly Factor Binds to the CP43 Complex of Photosystem II in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Authors: Komenda Josef , Knoppová Jana , Kopečná Jana , Sobotka Roman , Halada Petr , Yu Jianfeng , Nickelsen Joerg , Boehm Marko , Nixon Peter J. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We have investigated the location of the Psb27 protein and its role in photosystem (PS) II biogenesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Native gel electrophoresis revealed that Psb27 was present mainly in monomeric PSII core complexes but also in smaller amounts in dimeric PSII core complexes, in large PSII supercomplexes, and in the unassembled protein fraction. We conclude from analysis of assembly mutants and isolated histidine-tagged PSII subcomplexes that Psb27 associates with the “unassembled” CP43 complex, as well as with larger complexes containing CP43, possibly in the vicinity of the large lumenal loop connecting transmembrane helices 5 and 6 of CP43. A functional role for Psb27 in the biogenesis of CP43 is supported by the decreased accumulation and enhanced fragmentation of unassembled CP43 after inactivation of the psb27 gene in a mutant lacking CP47. Unexpectedly, in strains unable to assemble PSII, a small amount of Psb27 comigrated with monomeric and trimeric PSI complexes upon native gel electrophoresis, and Psb27 could be copurified with histidine-tagged PSI isolated from the wild type. Yeast two-hybrid assays suggested an interaction of Psb27 with the PsaB protein of PSI. Pull-down experiments also supported an interaction between CP43 and PSI. Deletion of psb27 did not have drastic effects on PSII assembly and repair but did compromise short-term acclimation to high light. The tentative interaction of Psb27 and CP43 with PSI raises the possibility that PSI might play a previously unrecognized role in the biogenesis/repair of PSII.
The Role of CAX1 and CAX3 in Elemental Distribution and Abundance in Arabidopsis Seed
Authors: Punshon Tracy , Hirschi Kendal , Yang Jian , Lanzirotti Antonio , Lai Barry , Guerinot Mary Lou 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The ability to alter nutrient partitioning within plants cells is poorly understood. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a family of endomembrane cation exchangers (CAXs) transports Ca2+ and other cations. However, experiments have not focused on how the distribution and partitioning of calcium (Ca) and other elements within seeds are altered by perturbed CAX activity. Here, we investigate Ca distribution and abundance in Arabidopsis seed from cax1 and cax3 loss-of-function lines and lines expressing deregulated CAX1 using synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microscopy. We conducted 7- to 10-μm resolution in vivo x-ray microtomography on dry mature seed and 0.2-μm resolution x-ray microscopy on embryos from lines overexpressing deregulated CAX1 (35S-sCAX1) and cax1cax3 double mutants only. Tomograms showed an increased concentration of Ca in both the seed coat and the embryo in cax1, cax3, and cax1cax3 lines compared with the wild type. High-resolution elemental images of the mutants showed that perturbed CAX activity altered Ca partitioning within cells, reducing Ca partitioning into organelles and/or increasing Ca in the cytosol and abolishing tissue-level Ca gradients. In comparison with traditional volume-averaged metal analysis, which confirmed subtle changes in seed elemental composition, the collection of spatially resolved data at varying resolutions provides insight into the impact of altered CAX activity on seed metal distribution and indicates a cell type-specific function of CAX1 and CAX3 in partitioning Ca into organelles. This work highlights a powerful technology for inferring transport function and quantifying nutrient changes.
Measuring flow experience in an immersive virtual environment for collaborative learning
Authors: van Schaik P. , Martin S. , Vallance M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn contexts other than immersive virtual environments, theoretical and empirical work has identified flow experience as a major factor in learning and human–computer interaction. Flow is defined as a ‘holistic sensation that people feel when they act with total involvement’. We applied the concept of flow to modeling the experience of collaborative learning in an immersive virtual environment. The aims were, first, to psychometrically evaluate a measurement model of flow and, second, to test a structural model of flow. Pairs of small teams engaged in collaborative problem‐solving tasks while communicating by way of an immersive virtual environment. Flow was measured after each session, using Guo and Poole's inventory for measuring flow in human–computer interaction. In relation to the first aim, partial‐least‐squares analysis demonstrated strong evidence for the measurement model. In relation to the second aim, the structural model was supported: the effect of learning‐task characteristics on flow experience was mediated by its precursors, with extraneous variables held constant. It is reasoned that the experiment and resultant analysis of this work contributes to the development of measurement models and structural models of flow in immersive virtual environments.
Cryo‐EM—the first thirty years
Authors: DUBOCHET J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThirty years ago, in December 1981, The Journal of Microscopy published a very short paper entitled ‘Vitrification of pure water for electron microscopy’. It turned out to be important for the development of cryo‐electron microscopy and it contributed to reverse, from foe to friend, the status of water in electron microscopists’ minds. This change has brought obvious gains. The future will tell how many more are still to come.
A new quantitative automatic method for the measurement of non‐rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalographic amplitude variability
Authors: FERRI RAFFAELE , RUNDO FRANCESCO , NOVELLI LUANA , TERZANO MARIO G. , PARRINO LIBORIO , BRUNI OLIVIERO 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe aim of this study was to arrange an automatic quantitative measure of the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal amplitude variability during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, correlated with the visually extracted cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) parameters. Ninety‐eight polysomnographic EEG recordings of normal controls were used. A new algorithm based on the analysis of the EEG amplitude variability during NREM sleep was designed and applied to all recordings, which were also scored visually for CAP. All measurements obtained with the new algorithm correlated positively with corresponding CAP parameters. In particular, total CAP time correlated with total NREM variability time (r = 0.596; P < 1E‐07), light sleep CAP time with light sleep variability time (r = 0.597; P < 1E‐07) and slow wave sleep CAP time with slow wave sleep variability time (r = 0.809; P < 1E‐07). Only the duration of CAP A phases showed a low correlation with the duration of variability events. Finally, the age‐related modifications of CAP time and of NREM variability time were found to be very similar. The new method for the automatic analysis of NREM sleep amplitude variability presented here correlates significantly with visual CAP parameters; its application requires a minimum work time, compared to CAP analysis, and might be used in large studies involving numerous recordings in which NREM sleep EEG amplitude variability needs to be assessed.
Smoking abstinence and depressive symptoms modulate the executive control system during emotional information processing
Authors: Froeliger Brett , Modlin Leslie A. , Kozink Rachel V. , Wang Lihong , McClernon F. Joseph 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTSmoking abstinence disrupts affective and cognitive processes. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the effects of smoking abstinence on emotional information processing. Smokers (n = 17) and non‐smokers (n = 18) underwent fMRI while performing an emotional distractor oddball task in which rare targets were presented following negative and neutral task‐irrelevant distractors. Smokers completed two sessions: once following 24‐hour abstinence and once while satiated. The abstinent versus satiated states were compared by evaluating responses to distractor images and to targets following each distractor valence within frontal executive and limbic brain regions. Regression analyses were done to investigate whether self‐reported negative affect influences brain response to images and targets. Exploratory regression analyses examined relations between baseline depressive symptoms and smoking state on brain function. Smoking state affected response to target detection in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). During satiety, activation was greater in response to targets following negative versus neutral distractors; following abstinence, the reverse was observed. Withdrawal‐related negative affect was associated with right insula activation to negative images. Finally, depression symptoms were associated with abstinence‐induced hypoactive response to negative emotional distractors and task‐relevant targets following negative distractors in frontal brain regions. Neural processes related to novelty detection/attention in the right IFG may be disrupted by smoking abstinence and negative stimuli. Reactivity to emotional stimuli and the interfering effects on cognition are moderated by the magnitude of smoking state‐dependent negative affect and baseline depressive symptoms.
Cognitions in bipolar affective disorder and unipolar depression: imagining suicide
Authors: Hales Susie A , Deeprose Catherine , Goodwin Guy M , Holmes Emily A 
Published: November 2011

Hales SA, Deeprose C, Goodwin GM, Holmes EA. Cognitions in bipolar affective disorder and unipolar depression: imagining suicide.  Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 651–661. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Bipolar disorder has the highest rate of suicide of all the psychiatric disorders. In unipolar depression, individuals report vivid, affect‐laden images of suicide or the aftermath of death (flashforwards to suicide) during suicidal ideation but this phenomenon has not been explored in bipolar disorder. Therefore the authors investigated and compared imagery and verbal thoughts related to past suicidality in individuals with bipolar disorder (n = 20) and unipolar depression (n = 20).Methods:  The study used a quasi‐experimental comparative design. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV was used to confirm diagnoses. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered through questionnaire measures (e.g., mood and trait imagery use). Individual interviews assessed suicidal cognitions in the form of (i) mental images and (ii) verbal thoughts.Results:  All participants reported imagining flashforwards to suicide. Both groups reported greater preoccupation with these suicide‐related images than with verbal thoughts about suicide. However, compared to the unipolar group, the bipolar group were significantly more preoccupied with flashforward imagery, rated this imagery as more compelling, and were more than twice as likely to report that the images made them want to take action to complete suicide. In addition, the bipolar group reported a greater trait propensity to use mental imagery in general.Conclusions:  Suicidal ideation needs to be better characterized, and mental imagery of suicide has been a neglected but potentially critical feature of suicidal ideation, particularly in bipolar disorder. Our findings suggest that flashforward imagery warrants further investigation for formal universal clinical assessment procedures.
Evidence of associations between bipolar disorder and the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene
Authors: Sears Catherine , Markie David , Olds Robin , Fitches Alison 
Published: November 2011

Sears C, Markie D, Olds R, Fitches A. Evidence of associations between bipolar disorder and the brain‐derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) gene. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 630–637. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has important roles in neural cell growth and differentiation. Despite multiple lines of evidence suggesting BDNF as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD), the results of genetic association studies have been mixed. We hypothesize that BDNF gene polymorphisms may confer increased susceptibility to BD.Methods:  Using a cohort of multiplex bipolar families, we performed family‐based association testing to look for associations between BD and eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from BDNF.Results:  We found associations (p < 0.05) between BD and six of the eight SNPs analysed, including two SNPs not previously investigated in association studies. We were able to replicate associations previously found between BD and the Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF (rs6265) and the SNPs rs1519480 and rs12273363. We also found evidence of an association between rs11030107 and BD that was not found in a previous study.Conclusions:  Our results support the hypothesis that some BDNF gene polymorphisms may be contributing factors in the pathogenesis of BD. Our study also adds to the body of evidence associating the functional Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF with BD.
Sensitivity to positive and negative feedback in euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder: the last episode makes the difference
Authors: Linke Julia , Sönnekes Christiane , Wessa Michèle 
Published: November 2011

Linke J, Sönnekes C, Wessa M. Sensitivity to positive and negative feedback in euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder: the last episode makes the difference. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 638–650. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  It is unclear whether abnormalities in cognition and motivation, such as altered feedback processing, observed during euthymia represent trait markers of bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) or scars from previous episodes that also occur in major depression (MD). The present research examines how previous episodes influence sensitivity to positive and negative feedback, applying multiple hierarchical regression analysis with number of past depressive and manic episodes, residual mood symptoms, affective quality of the last episode, time in remission, medication, illness severity, and age as predictors.Methods:  The study included 23 euthymic patients with BD‐I, 19 remitted patients with MD, and 19 healthy persons who underwent a task which discriminates whether persons learn better from negative or positive feedback.Results:  For both models, predicting sensitivity to positive [F(5,60) = 6.50, p = 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.22] and negative feedback [F(5,60) = 5.12, p = 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.22], the quality of the last affective episode was the only significant predictor. BD‐I patients who last experienced a manic episode learned well from positive but not negative feedback, whereas BD‐I patients who last experienced a depressive episode showed the opposite pattern.Conclusions:  Our data identify differences in response to positive and negative consequences carrying over into the euthymic state that are qualitatively related to the polarity of the preceding episode, whereas other disease‐related variables had no significant influence. This sheds new light on previous inconsistent data in euthymic BD‐I patients and could also guide tailored treatment.
Six‐month functional outcome of a bipolar disorder cohort in the context of a specialized‐care program
Authors: Rosa Adriane R , Reinares Maria , Amann Benedikt , Popovic Dina , Franco Carolina , Comes Merce , Torrent Carla , Bonnín C Mar , Solé Brisa , Valentí Marc , Salamero Manel , Kapczinski Flávio , Vieta Eduard 
Published: November 2011

Rosa AR, Reinares M, Amann B, Popovic D, Franco C, Comes M, Torrent C, Bonnín CM, Solé B, Valentí M, Salamero M, Kapczinski F, Vieta E. Six‐month functional outcome of a bipolar disorder cohort in the context of a specialized‐care program. Bipolar Disord 2011: 13: 679–686. © 2011 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  A marked disparity between functional recovery and symptomatic improvement has been demonstrated in bipolar disorder. However, most of the previous studies have been conducted in the United States, and there is little prospective research from Europe on this topic. The main objective of the present six‐month follow‐up study was to assess functioning in a sample of Spanish bipolar disorder patients following an acute episode or subsyndromal state. Additionally, we also evaluated the sensitivity to change of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST).Methods:  A total of 97 bipolar disorder patients with syndromal (n = 59) or subsyndromal (n = 38) symptoms were evaluated using the 17‐item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale. The FAST was the primary measure to assess multiple areas of psychosocial functioning. Functioning was evaluated at four different time periods: baseline, 21 days, three months, and six months.Results:  A significant improvement in global functioning was found in the whole sample over the six‐month period, as indicated by a reduction of FAST total score (mean ± standard deviation) from 39.97 ± 15.10 to 30.65 ± 16.93 (F = 36.104, p = 0.0001). This was also evident in all areas of functioning studied. However, only 26.4% of remitted patients (n = 42) achieved functional recovery, while 79.6% of the total sample (N = 97) experienced clinical remission of acute symptoms.Conclusions:  Although many patients presented syndromal recovery, only a minority of them achieved favorable functioning in multiple areas, even after specialized mental health care. Furthermore, the FAST scale was sensitive to detect minimal changes in functioning in both short (21 days) and long (6 months) periods, which may be relevant to the use of this scale in clinical trials.
Cutaneous metastasis from lung cancer: Retrospective analysis of 30 patients
Authors: Marcoval Joaquim , Penín Rosa María , Llatjós Roger , Martínez‐Ballarín Ignacio 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTLung carcinoma is one of the most frequent sources of skin metastases in male patients. Our objective was to analyse the clinical and pathological features of 30 patients with skin metastases from lung carcinoma. Cutaneous biopsies codified as ‘skin metastasis from lung carcinoma’ during 1988–2009 at Bellvitge Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) were reviewed. The histological types of 30 lung carcinomas (29 men, 1 woman) were squamous cell carcinoma (10 cases), undifferentiated carcinoma (7), adenocarcinoma (6), small cell carcinoma (5) and large cell carcinoma (2). The most frequent clinical presentation was as a solitary nodule (16 cases), and the most frequent site was the head (13 cases). Cutaneous metastases were present at the time of diagnosis of the lung primary tumour in 66% of cases. Skin biopsy might be helpful to establish the histological type of tumour, and thus help with therapeutic decision‐making. Cutaneous metastases from lung cancer remain a poor prognostic feature.