bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical characteristics of native tendon slices for tissue engineering scaffold
Authors: Qin Ting‐Wu , Chen Qingshan , Sun Yu‐Long , Steinmann Scott P. , Amadio Peter C. , An Kai‐Nan , Zhao Chunfeng 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to characterize the mechanical behavior of tendon slices with different thicknesses. Tendon slices of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μm thickness were mechanically tested. The 300 μm slices were further tested for strength and modulus after 21,000‐cycle fatigue testing under different applied strain levels (0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, and 12%). The tendon slice structure, morphology, and viability of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) seeded onto the slices were also examined with histology, scanning electron microscopy, and vital cell labeling, respectively. Tendon slices 300 μm or more in thickness had similar ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus to the intact tendon bundle. A strain of 5% or less did not cause any structural damage, nor did it change the mechanical properties of a 300 μm‐thick tendon slice after 21,000‐cycle fatigue testing. BMSCs were viable between and on the tendon slices after 2 weeks in tissue culture. This study demonstrated that, if tendon slices are used as a scaffold for tendon tissue engineering, slices 300 μm or more in thickness would be preferable from a mechanical strength point of view. If mechanical stimulation is performed for seeded‐cell preparations, 5% strain or less would be appropriate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.
“Statistical correctness”: Do demographic‐based strategies bring about corporate diversity?
Authors: Bigo Vinca , Martin Virginie 
Published: February 2012

AbstractQuestioning the usefulness of naïve conceptions of gender and diversity that run in much of the managerial literature, the authors used a series of qualitative interviews with women in top managerial positions in large French corporations to examine corporate gender diversity discourses and strategies. They found that recruiting women in top management positions does not systematically produce the sort of diversity targeted by corporate strategies. Moreover, evidence shows that the corporate diversity strategies and gender conceptions in play tend to reproduce gender stereotypes and fail to democratize access to high‐ranking positions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The strategy‐focused IT organization: A ten‐year track record of success
Authors: Gold Robert S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDuring the past 40 years, complex organizations have evolved within enterprises to manage information technology. Yet the relationship between the IT organization and its stakeholders is often strained. IT leaders seeking a seat at the table of business strategy often struggle to establish their competency in managing costs and delivering quality services in line with overall performance. The concepts of the strategy‐focused IT organization (SFITO) address this tension. A practical set of ideas and vocabulary for driving change, both in the IT organization and how it is viewed by its parent enterprise, SFITO concepts have been employed by dozens of organizations in a wide variety of industries during the last ten years and have proven to offer a robust discipline for IT organization improvement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of legume grains as a source of dietary protein on the quality of organic lamb meat
Authors: Bonanno Adriana , Tornambè Gabriele , Di Grigoli Antonino , Genna Vincenzo , Bellina Vincenzo , Di Miceli Giuseppe , Giambalvo Dario 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects on lamb growth, carcass traits and meat quality of replacing conventional soybean meal in the diet with alternative legume grains.RESULTS: Twenty‐eight male lambs of Comisana breed weighing 16.9 ± 2.7 kg at weaning (66 ± 6 days old) were assigned to one of four diets. Until slaughter at 129 ± 6 days of age, each group received ad libitum pelleted alfalfa hay and concentrates differing in the source of protein: chickpea, faba bean, pea or soybean meal. Lambs fed chickpea showed higher dry matter and protein intakes from concentrate than those fed soybean. Lambs' growth, carcass weight and net dressing percentage did not vary by protein source, although chickpea lambs had more perirenal and pelvic fat than those in the soybean group. Diet did not affect chemical composition, colour, thawing and cooking losses, tenderness, and sensory properties of meat. Chickpea increased trans‐vaccenic and linoleic acid, and chickpea and faba bean increased the isomers of conjugated linoleic acid.CONCLUSIONS: Legume grains can completely replace soybean meal in concentrate, resulting in lamb carcasses and meat of comparable quality. Chickpea leads to an increase in feed intake of lambs and in fat depots in the carcass, and a more beneficial fatty acid profile. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Partner violence perpetration and victimization and HIV risk behaviors in St. Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Zhan Weihai , Hansen Nathan B. , Shaboltas Alla V. , Skochilov Roman V. , Kozlov Andrei P. , Krasnoselskikh Tatiana V. , Abdala Nadia 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhether intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization are associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors is seldom investigated in Russia. The present study hypothesized that patients from a sexually transmitted infection center in Russia who perpetrated IPV or were victims of IPV would be more likely to have HIV risk behaviors including injection drug use, multiple partners, and inconsistent condom use than those who were not involved with IPV. We used a self‐administered questionnaire to collect information from 381 patients on demographics, health status, injection drug use, sexual behaviors, and violence involving sexual partners between 2008 and 2009. After including sociodemographics, lifetime IPV perpetration was significantly associated with having had multiple sexual partners among male patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.61, p < .05). IPV victimization was significantly associated with injection drug use among male and female patients (OR = 5.22, p < .05) and with inconsistent condom use among female patients (OR = 8.93, p < .05). IPV perpetration and victimization were common among male and female study participants and were associated with greater HIV risk behaviors. HIV prevention programs in Russia should address the risks associated with IPV among people at risk for HIV.
A detailed surface analytical study of degradation processes in (meth)acrylic polymers
Authors: Soeriyadi Alexander H. , Trouillet Vanessa , Bennet Francesca , Bruns Michael , Whittaker Michael R. , Boyer Cyrille , Barker Philip J. , Davis Thomas P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe present study investigates the degradation behavior of various high‐molecular‐weight acrylic polymers (50,000 < Mn/g mol−1 < 100,000), namely poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) (PBMA), poly(n‐butyl acrylate) (PBA), and poly(lauryl methacrylate) (PLMA), under extreme environmental conditions. These polymers were synthesized via various polymerization techniques to create different end‐groups. The polymers chosen are readily applicable in the formulation of surface coatings and were degraded under conditions which replicate the harsh Australian climate, where surface coatings may reach temperatures of up to 95 °C and are exposed to broad‐spectrum UV radiation of up to 1 kW m−2. The degradation behavior of the polymeric materials on their surface was followed via ATR‐IR spectroscopy, high resolution FTIR microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The extent of the observed thermal and photo‐oxidation is directly related to the length of the ester side group, with the degradation susceptibility decreasing in the order of PLMA > PBMA/PBA > PMMA, with PMMA still stable even after 5 months exposure to the harshest condition used (UV light at 95 °C). The general degradation mechanism involves the loss of the ester side groups to form methacrylic acid followed by cross‐linking. The effect of the variable end groups was found to be minimal. The results from this study are in good agreement with previous studies of low‐molecular‐weight model polymers under identical conditions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Non‐invasive measurements of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Caboot Jason B. , Jawad Abbas F. , McDonough Joseph M. , Bowdre Cheryl Y. , Arens Raanan , Marcus Carole L. , Mason Thornton B.A. , Smith‐Whitley Kim , Ohene‐Frempong Kwaku , Allen Julian L. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAssessment of oxyhemoglobin saturation in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is vital for prompt recognition of hypoxemia. The accuracy of pulse oximeter measurements of blood oxygenation in SCD patients is variable, partially due to carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb), which decrease the oxygen content of blood. This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of a non‐invasive pulse co‐oximeter in measuring COHb and MetHb percentages (SpCO and SpMet) in children with SCD. We hypothesized that measurements of COHb and MetHb by non‐invasive pulse co‐oximetry agree within acceptable clinical accuracy with those made by invasive whole blood co‐oximetry. Fifty children with SCD‐SS underwent pulse co‐oximetry and blood co‐oximetry while breathing room air. Non‐invasive COHb and MetHb readings were compared to the corresponding blood measurements. The pulse co‐oximeter bias was 0.1% for COHb and −0.22% for MetHb. The precision of the measured SpCO was ±2.1% within a COHb range of 0.4–6.1%, and the precision of the measured SpMet was ±0.33% within a MetHb range of 0.1–1.1%. Non‐invasive pulse co‐oximetry was useful in measuring COHb and MetHb levels in children with SCD. Although the non‐invasive technique slightly overestimated the invasive COHb measurements and slightly underestimated the invasive MetHb measurements, there was close agreement between the two methods. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:808–815. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laryngeal obstruction in congenital plasminogen deficiency
Authors: Cohen Jonathan , Cohen Shlomo , Cymberknoh Malena Cohen , Gross Menachem , Hirshoren Nir , Shoseyov David 
Published: February 2012

AbstractType 1 congenital plasminogen deficiency (CPD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease which causes formation of fibrin pseudomembranes that affect multiple systems/organs: the eyes, respiratory system, urinary and genital systems, gastrointestinal system, and the central nervous system. We present a rare manifestation of the disease—severe upper airway obstruction due to a rapidly growing mass in the supraglottic region—6 months after dental treatment under general anesthesia. The management of such a manifestation has not been discussed in the current literature. Due to deterioration in his clinical status, the patient eventually underwent both a tracheotomy in order to bypass the obstruction, and excision of the supraglottic mass. Within a few days the mass recurred with complete obstruction of the upper airway. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:923–925. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in pathologic outcomes after introduction of active surveillance in the UK: Implication for focal therapy
Authors: Karavitakis Markos , Ahmed Hashim U. , Abel Paul D. , Livni Naomi , Hazell Steven , Winkler Mathias H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe aimed to evaluate the trends in pathologic outcomes of clinically localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy prior to and after national guidelines placing active surveillance as the primary management in men with low‐risk prostate cancer. Further, we examined whether there was a coincident change in the proportion of men potentially suitable for focal therapy.METHODSAll cancer foci in 195 whole mount radical prostatectomy samples during two periods (Period 1: 07/2001‐10/2003, n = 100 and Period 2: 01/2007‐11/2009, n = 95) were examined. Individual tumor volumes, Gleason grade, and extracapsular extension/positive surgical margins were evaluated. The index lesion was defined as the largest by volume.RESULTSThere was a statistically significant increase in the proportion of Gleason score ≥7 tumors (31–69%; P < 0.001) and pathologically non‐organ confined disease (21–37%; P = 0.008), between period 1 and 2, respectively. The proportion of patients with unifocal prostate cancer potentially suitable for focal ablation was stable (14–13.7%; P = 0.9). Although there was a decrease in the proportion of patients potentially suitable for index lesion ablation (51–43%; P = 0.4) and unilateral prostate cancer potentially suitable for hemi‐ablation (11–6.3%; P = 0.3), these differences were not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONThe increasing use of active surveillance in the UK may be responsible for a trend towards higher grade and stage prostate cancer in whole mount specimens. Despite this, there remain a significant proportion of men who currently undergo radical surgery who may be suitable for focal therapy, if that included index lesion ablation. Prostate 72:1464–1468, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender segregation of adolescent science career plans in 50 countries
Authors: Sikora Joanna , Pokropek Artur 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUsing data from the Program for International Student Assessment 2006 surveys for 50 countries, this paper explores gender segregation of adolescent science career plans. We ask whether, in different cultures, bridging the male–female gap in science self‐concept could reduce gender disparities in students' career preferences. Bringing together the theory of gender essentialism and the biased self‐concept thesis, we interpret the cross‐national variation in the relationship between self‐concept and occupational plans. To this end, we fit a series of random intercept regression models to country‐specific and pooled data. In all countries, science‐oriented girls prefer employment in biology, agriculture, or health (BAH), whereas boys favor careers in computing, engineering, or mathematics (CEM). Almost everywhere, boys have more confidence in their science ability than girls, even after science performance is taken into account. In advanced industrial countries the male–female gap in science self‐concept is larger than the corresponding gap in developing or transforming societies. The male–female segregation of preferences for science careers is also stronger in advanced industrial countries. Nevertheless, nowhere are gender disparities in science self‐assessment related to the gender segregation in preferences for BAH and CEM careers. We discuss the significance of these cross‐national patterns for science educators and educational policy makers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:234–264, 2012
“Doing science” through discourse‐in‐interaction: Young children's science investigations at the early childhood level
Authors: Siry Christina , Ziegler Gudrun , Max Charles 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis research investigates the interconnectedness of scientific inquiring at the early childhood level, as we explore the discourse‐in‐interaction processes occurring within small inquiry groups of 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children. The rationale behind this research is to explore the nature of science‐related discourse, and to that end, this work focuses on student‐to‐student interactions as they collaboratively investigate water. As we document the nature of children's ways of explaining, imagining, and representing the properties of water, we demonstrate the constructions of understandings as displayed and emergent from these interactions. The study has generated outcomes about the discursive ways of young children's enacting of knowledge about science, as the analysis reveals that by positioning scientific inquiry as a fluid process children were able to enact science collaboratively and through multimodal means. As such, the study reveals a wide range of indicators to children's understandings about water and to the processes in which students worked together to construct science within discourse‐in‐interaction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:311–336, 2012
Influence of the Shape of Nanostructured Metal Surfaces on Adsorption of Single Peptide Molecules in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Feng Jie , Slocik Joseph M. , Sarikaya Mehmet , Naik Rajesh R. , Farmer Barry L. , Heinz Hendrik 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSelf‐assembly and function of biologically modified metal nanostructures depend on surface‐selective adsorption; however, the influence of the shape of metal surfaces on peptide adsorption mechanisms has been poorly understood. The adsorption of single peptide molecules in aqueous solution (Tyr12, Ser12, A3, Flg‐Na3) is investigated on even {111} surfaces, stepped surfaces, and a 2 nm cuboctahedral nanoparticle of gold using molecular dynamics simulation with the CHARMM‐METAL force field. Strong and selective adsorption is found on even surfaces and the inner edges of stepped surfaces (–20 to –60 kcal/mol peptide) in contrast to weaker and less selective adsorption on small nanoparticles (–15 to –25 kcal/mol peptide). Binding and selectivity appear to be controlled by the size of surface features and the extent of co‐ordination of epitaxial sites by polarizable atoms (N, O, C) along the peptide chain. The adsorption energy of a single peptide equals a fraction of the sum of the adsorption energies of individual amino acids that is characteristic of surface shape, epitaxial pattern, and conformation constraints (often β‐strand and random coil). The proposed adsorption mechanism is supported and critically evaluated by earlier sequence data from phage display, dissociation constants of small proteins as a function of nanoparticle size, and observed shapes of peptide‐stabilized nanoparticles. Understanding the interaction of single peptides with shaped metal surfaces is a key step towards control over self‐organization of multiple peptides on shaped metal surfaces and the assembly of superstructures from nanostructures.
Does the presence of a Cesarean section scar influence the site of placental implantation and subsequent migration in future pregnancies: a prospective case–control study
Authors: Naji O. , Daemen A. , Smith A. , Abdallah Y. , Bradburn E. , Giggens R. , Chan D. C. Y. , Stalder C. , Ghaem‐Maghami S. , Timmerman D. , Bourne T. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo describe placental location in the first trimester of pregnancy and subsequent placental migration in women with and without a history of previous Cesarean delivery.MethodsIn this prospective case–control study, placental location was defined according to five anatomical sites in relation to the endometrial cavity. Placental localization was carried out by transabdominal ultrasound between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation. We recruited 738 women who had undergone one or more previous Cesarean sections (CS) and 1856 patients without previous Cesarean delivery. Comparative analysis was performed of placental location between the two groups, and to assess placental migration of those classified as being low lying at 20 and 32 weeks' gestation.ResultsThere were significant differences in placental location between the two groups. In the CS group there were significantly more posterior and fewer fundal placentae than in the control group (47.2 vs 31.5% and 4.7 vs 15.5%, respectively). The number of previous Cesarean deliveries did not have a significant effect on placental location. There was no significant difference in the incidence of anterior low‐lying placenta between groups (1.5 vs 0.9%). Placental migration of the low‐lying subtypes was similar in both groups (62 vs 64%).ConclusionThe presence of CS scars in the uterus are associated with an increase in the number of posterior placentae and a reduced number that implant in the fundus of the cavity. Migration of a low‐lying placenta is independent of the presence of a CS scar in the uterus.
Linear regression
Authors: Su Xiaogang , Yan Xin , Tsai Chih‐Ling 
Published: February 2012

AbstractLinear regression plays a fundamental role in statistical modeling. This article provides a step‐by‐step coverage of linear models in the order of model specification, model estimation, statistical inference, variable selection, model diagnosis, and prediction. Computation issues in linear regression and intimately relevant extensions of linear models are also discussed.WIREs Comput Stat2012, 4:275–294. doi: 10.1002/wics.1198This article is categorized under:Statistical Models > Linear ModelsAlgorithms and Computational Methods > Least Squares
Estimating Response Modeling Methodology models
Authors: Shore Haim 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn advanced review of Response Modeling Methodology (RMM) has recently summarized RMM core philosophy, modeling approach, and allied statistical expressions. This focus article complements the earlier review by presenting a step‐by‐step guide to estimating RMM models. The estimation procedure comprises two stages: first the median is estimated and then the rest of the RMM parameters are estimated. Three estimation procedures are presented for the latter stage: maximum likelihood, two‐moment matching, and nonlinear quantile regression. The three estimation methods, as applied to RMM, are first expounded and then demonstrated via a numerical example, using Monte‐Carlo simulated data from a γ distribution and an L4 orthogonal array design. Comparisons with generalized linear modeling and estimation, assuming γ distribution (correctly) and inverse Gaussian distribution (incorrectly), are given. A brief introduction to RMM is also provided. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:323–333. doi: 10.1002/wics.1199This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Density Estimation
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical Models > Simulation Models
Utility of vocal formant spacing for monitoring sandhill crane subspecies
Authors: Jones Matthew R. , Witt Christopher C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThree migratory subspecies of sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) occur in North America: greater (G. c. tabida), Canadian (G. c. rowani), and lesser (G. c. canadensis). These subspecies vary clinally in size from the large tabida to the small canadensis. All 3 subspecies co‐occur during the nonbreeding season, but field identification is challenging and census efforts typically do not even attempt to distinguish them. We developed a novel method to determine the subspecies composition of nonbreeding sandhill crane populations using formant spacing in vocalizations. Each note in a crane vocalization is comprised of several formants, or energy peaks in the frequency spectrum. Formant spacing is inversely proportional to the length of the sound‐emitting tube, or trachea. Analysis of formant‐spacing distributions for tabida and canadensis revealed that tabida has reduced formant spacing, as predicted based on its larger body size and correspondingly larger trachea. Comparisons of these subspecies‐specific formant‐spacing distributions to formant‐spacing distributions from calls recorded at 2 crane wintering areas in New Mexico, USA, showed that the wintering crane populations of the Middle Rio Grande Valley and the Lower Rio Grande Valley contain strikingly different proportions of the globally rare tabida (75.5% and 5.6%, respectively). These findings are concordant with crane subspecies composition estimates derived from hunter check stations in New Mexico. Formant‐spacing provides an indirect, noninvasive method of estimating body‐size distributions that has several practical advantages. We expect it to be most useful when body‐size classes have limited overlap, as is the case with New Mexico sandhill crane populations. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.