bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autograft for adolescents with open physes- a technical note
Authors: Mauch Christian , Arnold Markus P , Wirries André , Mayer Ralph R , Friederich Niklaus F , Hirschmann Michael T 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
One major concern in the treatment of ACL lesions in children and adolescents with open physes is the risk of iatrogenic damage to the physes and a possibly resulting growth disturbance.

Purpose
The primary purpose of this article is to describe our technique of a transphyseal ACL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon-bone autograft in children and adolescents with open growth plates. The secondary aim is to report our early results in terms of postoperative growth disturbances which are considered to be a major concern in this challenging group of patients. It was our hypothesis that with our proposed technique no significant growth disturbances would occur.

Methods
From January 1997 to December 2007 49 consecutive children and adolescents with open growth plates were treated for a torn ACL using the aforementioned surgical technique. The patients (28 males and 21 females) with a median age at surgery of 13 (range 8-15) years were retrospectively evaluated. Outcome measures were follow-up radiographs (weight-bearing long leg radiographs of the injured and uninjured knee, anteroposterior and lateral views, a tangential view of the patella and a tunnel view of the injured knee) and follow-up notes (6 weeks, 3, 6, 12 months and until closing of physes) for occurrence of any tibial and/or femoral growth changes.
Results: All of the 49 patients had a sufficient clinical and radiological follow-up (minimum 5 years, rate 100%). 48 cases did not show any clinical and radiological growth disturbance. One case of growth disturbance in a 10.5 years old girl was observed. She developed a progressive valgus-flexion deformity which was attributed to a malplacement of the autograft bone block within the femoral posterolateral epiphyseal plate leading to an early localized growth stop. None of the patients were reoperated due to ACL graft failure. Five of the patients underwent revision ACL surgery due to another adequate sports trauma after the growth-stop. The tibial fixation screw had to be removed under local anaesthesia in 10 patients.

Conclusions
The described ACL reconstruction technique represents a promising alternative to previously described procedures in the treatment of children and adolescents with open growth plates. Using quadriceps tendon future graft availability is not compromised, as the most frequently used autograft-source, ipsilateral hamstring tendons, remains untouched.
Caspase-3, myogenic transcription factors and cell cycle inhibitors are regulated by leukemia inhibitory factor to mediate inhibition of myogenic differentiation
Authors: Hunt Liam C , Upadhyay Aradhana , Jazayeri Jalal A , Tudor Elizabeth M , White Jason D 
Published: April 2011

Abstract

Background
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is known to inhibit myogenic differentiation as well as to inhibit apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in non-differentiating myoblasts. In addition caspase-3 activity is required for myogenic differentiation. Therefore the aim of this study was to further investigate mechanisms of the differentiation suppressing effect of LIF in particular the possibility of a caspase-3 mediated inhibition of differentiation.

Results
LIF dependent inhibition of differentiation appeared to involve several mechanisms. Differentiating myoblasts that were exposed to LIF displayed increased transcripts for c-fos. Transcripts for the cell cycle inhibitor p21 as well as muscle regulatory factors myoD and myogenin were decreased with LIF exposure. However, LIF did not directly induce a proliferative effect under differentiation conditions, but did prevent the proportion of myoblasts that were proliferating from decreasing as differentiation proceeded. LIF stimulation decreased the percentage of cells positive for active caspase-3 occurring during differentiation. Both the effect of LIF inhibiting caspase-3 activation and differentiation appeared dependent on mitogen activated protein kinase and extracellular signal regulated kinase kinase (MEK) signalling. The role of LIF in myogenic differentiation was further refined to demonstrate that myoblasts are unlikely to secrete LIF endogenously.

Conclusions
Altogether this study provides a more comprehensive view of the role of LIF in myogenic differentiation including LIF and receptor regulation in myoblasts and myotubes, mechanisms of inhibition of differentiation and the link between caspase-3 activation, apoptosis and myogenic differentiation.
Prevalence of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis in 15 dairy herds in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Barrett Damien J. , Healy Anne M. , Leonard Finola C. , Doherty Michael L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMilk samples from 285 cows in 15 dairy herds were collected for bacteriological analysis. Cows were selected on the basis of a somatic cell count (SCC) exceeding 200,000 cells per ml at the three most recent milk recordings prior to sampling.Staphylococcus aureusandStreptococcus uberiswere the predominant isolates accounting for 21% (n = 61) and 19% (n = 53) of isolates, respectively.Streptococcus uberiswas more frequently isolated from split-calving herds than from spring-calving herds and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.005). Herds with suboptimal housing had a significantly greater prevalence ofS. uberisthan did herds where housing was adequate (P < 0.005). The isolation rates forS. aureuswas significantly greater in herds where parlour hygiene was suboptimal (P < 0.05).
A case of hypospadias in a dog
Authors: Ndikuwera Jason 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This clinical case report described a three-month-old mongrel dog that had the urethral orifice opening 3 cm from the tip of the penis and lacked a completely formed preputial sheath. It was presented to the clinic with an exposed penile shaft that was dry. The dog had urinary incontinence that was not of neurological origin. It also had unilateral agenesis of the right testicle. The preputial sheath was successfully reconstructed. Urinary incontinence stopped soon after surgery, suggesting that it had been probably due to an ascending urethritis. A large preputial opening was left because of the location of the urethral opening.
A group IIA-secreted phospholipase A2 from snake venom induces lipid body formation in macrophages: the roles of intracellular phospholipases A2 and distinct signaling pathways
Authors: Leiguez Elbio , Zuliani Juliana Pavan , Cianciarullo Aurora Marques , Fernandes Cristina Maria , Gutiérrez José Maria , Teixeira Catarina 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTWe investigated the ability of the sPLA2, known as MT-III, isolated from the viperid snake Bothrops asper, to induce LB formation in macrophages and the major cellular signaling pathways involved in this process. The effects of MT-III on ADRP localization and expression and macrophage ultrastructure were assessed. Our results showed that this sPLA2 induced a marked increase in LB numbers in macrophages, induced the recruitment of ADRP in macrophages, and up-regulated ADRP expression. Ultrastructural analysis showed the presence of weakly and strongly osmiophilic LBs in sPLA2-stimulated cells. Enlargement of the ER and Golgi cisterns was also observed. Pretreatment of cells with H7 or staurosporine (PKC inhibitors), LY294002 or wortmannin (PI3K inhibitors), SB202190 or PD98059 (p38MAPK and ERK1/2 inhibitors, respectively), or Pyr-2 or Bel (cPLA2 and iPLA2 inhibitors, respectively) significantly reduced sPLA2-induced LB formation. Herbimycin (a PTK inhibitor) and indomethacin or etoricoxib (COX inhibitors) failed to alter sPLA2-induced effects. In conclusion, our results show for the first time the ability of a venom sPLA2 to induce the formation of LBs and the expression of ADRP in macrophages. Venom PLA2-induced LB formation is dependent on PKC, PI3K, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, cPLA2, and iPLA2 signaling pathways but not on PTK, COX-1, or COX-2 pathways. Activation of the ER and Golgi complex may play an important role in the formation of LBs induced by this sPLA2 in macrophages.
Deficiencies in venous experience in UK vascular trainees: a survey of Rouleaux Club members
Authors: Scurr J R H , Oshin O A , Hinchliffe R J , Holt P J E , Gohel M 
Published: April 2011

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the training experience of current UK vascular trainees in the modern management of venous disease. Method A web-based questionnaire of the 145 members of the Rouleaux Club (www.rouleauxclub.com), which represents UK vascular trainees. Members were asked to complete the survey between June and October 2009 with regular email reminders being sent out to non-responders. Results One hundred and twenty-three trainees (85% response rate) representing all 17 UK training Deaneries responded. Seventy-eight per cent reported having received no formal venous duplex training either for diagnosis of venous disease or to guide endovenous therapy. Operative experience of great and small saphenous vein surgery improved with years of training. Surgical experience for recurrent varicose veins was poor. Experience with endovenous techniques was limited and variable. No experience of endovenous laser ablation or radiofrequency ablation was reported by 39% and 67% of trainees, respectively. Experience and/or training with foam sclerotherapy was limited to <40%. Many of those reporting no experience with endovenous ablation techniques were within the final two years of their training. Less than 25% of trainees reported having had any experience (assisted/performed) of advanced venous interventions such as thrombolysis techniques for deep venous thrombosis, inferior vena cava filter placement/removal, venous stenting or deep venous reconstruction. Less than a quarter of trainees are currently involved in the acute management of deep venous thrombosis. The majority (76%) of current trainees would like a formal approved UK venous training course to be offered. Conclusion The current level of training in the management of venous disease will not allow UK vascular trainees to become the competent all round vascular specialists of the future.
Early and long-term results of physical methods in the treatment of venous leg ulcers: randomized controlled trial
Authors: Taradaj J , Franek A , Cierpka L , Brzezinska-Wcislo L , Blaszczak E , Polak A , Chmielewska D , Krol P , Dolibog P , Kucio C 
Published: April 2011

Objective To estimate early and long-term results of physical methods in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. Method In group A after surgical operation, 40 patients were treated with the high-voltage stimulation (HVS) (100 µs, 100 Hz, 100 V) and drug therapy. In group B after operation, 37 patients were treated with ultrasound (0.5 W/cm2, 1 MHz) and drug therapy. In group C after operation, 33 patients were treated with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) (810 nm, 65 mW) and drug therapy. In group D after operation, 35 patients were treated with the compression stockings (25–31 mmHg) and drug therapy. In group E after operation, 37 patients were only treated with drug therapy. Group F consisted of 32 patients, conservatively treated with the HVS and drug therapy. Group G consisted of 20 patients, conservatively treated with ultrasound and drug therapy. Group H consisted of 21 patients, conservatively treated with LLLT and drug therapy. Group I consisted of 30 patients, conservatively treated with compression and drug therapy. Group J consisted of 27 patients only treated with drug therapy. Results Both short and long term parameters showed that compression therapy is the most efficient in ulcer healing. The electrical and ultrasound methods are less effective. The laser therapy ared useless. Conclusion Superficial venous surgery in addition to compression therapy is the most efficient treatment of venous leg ulcers. The compression therapy should be continued both surgically and conservatively treated patients with healed ulcers. In special cases after superficial venous surgery (isolated superficial reflux) compression therapy could be applied only to the time of ulcer closure without continuing it longer. HVS and ultrasound therapy are useful methods in conservative treatment of venous leg ulcers. For surgically-treated patients these physical therapies are efficient only in superficial plus deep reflux cases. HVS and ultrasound can be alternative methods, but are less effective in recurrence risk. LLLT is not an efficient physical method in treatment of venous leg ulcers.
Online Exposure for Spider Fear: Treatment Completion and Habituation Outcomes
Authors: Matthews Allison J. , Scanlan Joel D. , Kirkby Ken C. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis research aimed to investigate habituation to spider images during an online exposure treatment (www.feardrop.com) among participants with a high fear of spiders. Participants (N= 392) undertook a 10-stage online exposure treatment with a stage length of either 180 or 360 seconds. Four Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) ratings were taken throughout each stage. Treatment completion was found to be a significant challenge, with less than one-third (30%) completing at least one stage of the program. Those in the shorter stage length condition were significantly more likely to complete the first stage relative to those in the longer stage length condition (43% vs. 16%). SUDS ratings decreased significantly across time at Stage 1, suggesting habituation of self-reported anxiety and there was an overall reduction in SUDS ratings at the second relative to the first stage, suggesting generalisation of habituation. The greatest habituation was observed among those with high anticipatory anxiety (pre-exposure SUDS rating), high total exposure time, and younger age. There was preliminary evidence for improvement in symptoms of spider fear at post-treatment. Directions for future research include strategies to facilitate treatment completion, evaluation of treatment outcomes, and expansion to include a range of specific fears.
The Thought Control Questionnaire in an Inpatient Psychiatric Setting: Psychometric Properties and Predictive Capacity
Authors: Ree Melissa J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe current article describes the psychometric properties of the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ; Wells & Davies, 1994) in 176 psychiatric inpatients at admission and discharge (352 completed TCQs). Factor analysis revealed four factors; Reappraisal/Distraction, Social Control, Punishment, and Worry. Scale descriptive statistics, reliabilities and correlations with psychiatric symptoms, self esteem, and quality of life supported the use of the TCQ in this setting. TCQ factors were then used as predictors of improvement from admission to discharge. The strategy of Punishment appeared to be unhelpful, with smaller reductions in the use of this strategy from admission to discharge predicting less improvement. Worry appeared to be an unhelpful strategy although the results were less consistent. The strategy of Reappraisal/Distraction appeared to be helpful, and greater increases in the use of this strategy from admission to discharge predicted greater improvement. Social Control also tended to be a helpful strategy although the results were less consistent. Overall, the results support the psychometric properties of the TCQ and are consistent with the notion that the use of certain thought control strategies may contribute to the maintenance of psychopathology while the use of others may contribute positively to treatment outcome.
Dialectical Behavioural Therapy and Borderline Personality Disorder: Effects on Service Utilisation and Self-Reported Symptoms
Authors: Williams Sarah E. , Hartstone Margaret D. , Denson Linley A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn a pilot evaluation study, effectiveness of a 20-week dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) skills training group program was explored for adult clients with borderline personality disorder (BPD;N= 140). Subjective ratings of depression, anxiety and BPD symptomatology were obtained pre and post group therapy. Objective measures of service utilisation levels were obtained for the 6 months prior to group therapy, the duration of therapy, and the 6 months following therapy. Group completers (n= 68) showed reductions in depression, anxiety and BPD symptomatology, as well as in the number of emergency department attendances. Completers with previous high service utilisation had decreases in telephone counselling calls and inpatient days during therapy, and fewer emergency department attendances post therapy. Completers had larger decreases in service utilisation than noncompleters (n= 72). Simultaneous engagement in individual DBT was related to higher group completion than was individual therapy as usual, but it did not impact on level of service utilisation or psychological functioning. This quasi-experimental pilot study suggests that DBT groups may improve psychological functioning and decrease service utilisation for BPD clients, particularly those with high service utilisation. The treatment warrants systematic evaluation.
Perceived Safety of Nicotine and the Use of Nicotine Replacement Products Among Current Smokers in Great Britain: Results From Two National Surveys
Authors: Bobak Alex , Shiffman Saul , Gitchell Joseph G. , Bery John , Ferguson Stuart G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe hypotheses that smokers hold misconceptions around nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) safety, and that these concerns limit the use of NRT, was tested with two large face-to-face surveys of current smokers in Great Britain in 2004 (N= 605) and 2006 (N= 1,434). In both studies, participants were questioned regarding the safety of nicotine and NRT products, their past experience with NRT and anticipated future use. Across both surveys, approximately two thirds of smokers believed that, or were unsure whether, NRT was as harmful as cigarette smoking. Combining information across surveys, smokers with safety misconceptions reported being less likely to want to quit in the future (63% vs. 73%;p< .001), and, among those who were interested in quitting, were less likely to report an intention to use NRT during their next quit attempt. The majority of smokers were misinformed about the safety of NRT products, and smokers with safety misconceptions were less likely to report that they plan to use NRT during future quit attempts, suggesting that safety concerns are a barrier to NRT utilisation.
Potential Costs and Benefits of Statewide Smoking Cessation in Pennsylvania
Authors: Rumberger Jill S. , Hollenbeak Christopher S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives:To determine whether the cost of a statewide smoking cessation program in Pennsylvania could be justified by the benefits.Methods:A cost-benefit analysis of statewide access to smoking cessation programs. We compared three treatment alternatives, with and without counselling: nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline.Results:While the retail price of a pack of cigarettes in Pennsylvania is on average US$4.72, the combined medical costs and productivity losses in Pennsylvania attributable to each pack of cigarettes sold are approximately US$23.78 per pack of cigarettes. The ratio of benefits to cost varied from US$0.97 to US$2.76 saved per dollar spent on smoking cessation programs, depending upon the type of intervention.Conclusions:For most smoking cessation treatments, the benefits of a statewide smoking cessation program in Pennsylvania would greatly outweigh its costs.
Local Determinants of Tobacco Use in Pakistan and the Importance of Context
Authors: Lee Andrew Chee Keng , Siddiqi Kamran , Khan Muhammad Amir , Ahmed Maqsood , Shafiq-Ur-Rehman  , Shams Nazia , Nazir Athar 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroduction:The tobacco epidemic is surging in developing countries. While the determinants of tobacco use are well known, it is less certain whether they are similar in developed and developing countries. This has important ramifications for the implementation of interventions locally. This qualitative study explored the determinants and importance of context on tobacco use in Pakistan.Methods:Focus group discussions were conducted in two districts with doctors, nurses and patients from local tuberculosis clinics.Results:Peer influence, social acceptability, affordability and visibility of tobacco, public understanding and personal perception of risks influence tobacco use. Individual factors, such as personal curiosity, adversity and stress, also affected tobacco uptake and use. Patients were willing to pay for effective cessation treatment provided the costs were comparable to their expenditure on tobacco.Discussion:Factors such as peer and social influences are similar to those reported elsewhere. However, local variations exist in the degree of sociocultural acceptability, visibility of tobacco use, public understanding of risks and individual situational factors that influence tobacco use. Patients are prepared to pay for treatment, but there are gender differences in what can be afforded. For tobacco cessation interventions to be effective, local adaptations are essential to ensure cultural and contextual appropriateness.
The museum experience in the environment of the Japanese collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Authors: Lee Jungwon 
Published: April 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine how viewers experienced the museum environments of the Japanese collection, and to explore how these physical environments affected visitors' experiences. The museum environment selected for the study was the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New
York City. A phenomenological research methodology using qualitative data-gathering techniques and analysis was employed. Data-gathering involved the observation and description of the museum environment housing the Japanese collections, the observation of visitor behaviour, including conversations
at the research site, and in-depth interviews with visitors.
The proposed study provides a model for the phenomenological examination of personal meaning-making in museums. It is hoped that this study will encourage museum educators, curators, designers and directors to reconsider museum
exhibitions and physical environments in order to facilitate the process of making meaning by visitors.
The demonic and the divine: Unfixing replication in the phenomenology of sampling
Authors: Wilsmore Robert 
Published: April 2011

We might sometimes note that listeners are divided in their ascription of authenticity to sampling in music: the essence of unoriginality for one, the found-object building block of real creativity for the other. This article explores how the use of existing music and sampling in particular
might be re-perceived in the discourse of repetition, authenticity, creativity and originality, and collapses the gap in how types of existing music have been used over the last millennium, so that we might reconcile the difference in the technological means of replication across the
centuries with the repetition of schema in the way extant music is reused, and that we might see the sameness of sampling and quotation in new music as well as the differences.
This article hopes to encourage an understanding for the composer-producer engaged in replication
and re-presentation (through sampling, remixing, covering, etc) that his or her creative acts can be unveiled as honest (if not always lawful), and that whilst shifting technologies may make the sonic landscape different, the composer driving the technology need not bear the accusation
of unoriginality when the repetition of schema is unveiled.