bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A double-ring Mach–Zehnder interferometer sensor with high sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhang Yundong , Song Qinghai , Tian He , Zhang Xuenan , Wu Hao , Wang Jinfang , Yu Changqiu , Li Geng , Fan Daikun , Yuan Ping 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We theoretically proposed a cost-effective refractometer sensor, which includes an unbalanced two-ring Mach–Zehnder interferometer and can exhibit sharp asymmetric Fano lineshape. Our calculated results show this device has high sensitivity and can measure refractive index change in one of the resonators down to 10−9 refractive index units, which is two orders of magnitude higher than previous Fano lineshape based sensors.
Heat-driven size manipulation of Fe catalytic nanoparticles for precise control of single-walled carbon nanotube diameter
Authors: Kim Soo Youn , Song Wooseok , Jung Min Wook , Kim Minkook , Jeon Cheolho , Choi Won Chel , Park Chong-Yun 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Size-tailored Fe catalytic nanoparticles (NPs) were formed by a heat-driven evaporation process, and precise control of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) diameter was achieved. The size and surface concentration of Fe NPs significantly decreased with increasing evaporation temperature, which was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. TEM and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the synthesis of SWCNTs with an extremely narrow diameter distribution was achieved and their diameter can be manipulated by evaporation temperature. This diameter-controlled growth of SWCNTs is a step towards SWCNT-based applications.
Surface effects on the electroelastic responses of a thin piezoelectric plate with nanoscale thickness
Authors: Yan Zhi , Jiang Liying 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
This work aims to investigate the electroelastic responses of a thin piezoelectric plate under mechanical and electrical loads with the consideration of surface effects. Surface effects, including surface elasticity, residual surface stress and surface piezoelectricity, are incorporated into the conventional Kirchhoff plate theory for a piezoelectric plate via the surface piezoelectricity model and the generalized Young–Laplace equations. Different from the results predicted by the conventional plate theory ignoring the surface effects, the proposed model predicts size-dependent behaviours of the piezoelectric thin plate with nanoscale thickness. It is found that surface effects have significant influence on the electroelastic responses of the piezoelectric nanoplate. This work is expected to provide more accurate predictions on characterizing nanofilm or nanoribbon based piezoelectric devices in nanoelectromechanical systems.
Individual Maize Chromosomes in the C3 Plant Oat Can Increase Bundle Sheath Cell Size and Vein Density
Authors: Tolley Ben J. , Sage Tammy L. , Langdale Jane A. , Hibberd Julian M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
C4 photosynthesis has evolved in at least 66 lineages within the angiosperms and involves alterations to the biochemistry, cell biology, and development of leaves. The characteristic “Kranz” anatomy of most C4 leaves was discovered in the 1890s, but the genetic basis of these traits remains poorly defined. Oat × maize addition lines allow the effects of individual maize (Zea mays; C4) chromosomes to be investigated in an oat (Avena sativa; C3) genetic background. Here, we have determined the extent to which maize chromosomes can introduce C4 characteristics into oat and have associated any C4-like changes with specific maize chromosomes. While there is no indication of a simultaneous change to C4 biochemistry, leaf anatomy, and ultrastructure in any of the oat × maize addition lines, the C3 oat leaf can be modified at multiple levels. Maize genes encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase, and the 2′-oxoglutarate/malate transporter are expressed in oat and generate transcripts of the correct size. Three maize chromosomes independently cause increases in vein density, and maize chromosome 3 results in larger bundle sheath cells with increased cell wall lipid deposition in oat leaves. These data provide proof of principle that aspects of C4 biology could be integrated into leaves of C3 crops.
Booster effect of canine distemper, canine parvovirus infection and infectious canine hepatitis combination vaccine in domesticated adult dogs
Authors: Taguchi Masayuki , Namikawa Kazuhiko , Maruo Takuya , Orito Kensuke , Lynch Jonathan , Tsuchiya Ryo , Sahara Hiroeki 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTDomesticated adult dogs with antibody titer classified as below ‘high’ to one or more of canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus type‐2 (CPV‐2) and canine adenovirus type‐1 (CAdV‐1) were then given an additional inoculation, and the effectiveness of this booster evaluated 2 months later. Consequently, CDV and CAdV‐1 antibody titer experienced a significant increase, but the same effect was not observed in the antibody titer of CPV‐2. These findings suggest that with additional inoculation, a booster effect may be expected in increasing antibody titers for CDV and CAdV‐1, but it is unlikely to give an increase in CPV‐2 antibody titer.
Immunodetection of hemocytes, peneidins and α2‐macroglobulin in the lymphoid organ of white spot syndrome virus infected shrimp
Authors: Rodríguez Jenny , Ruiz Julio , Maldonado Martha , Echeverría Fabrizio 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTViral diseases restrict the development of the world shrimp industry and there are few studies on cell response to the presence of viral infections. We performed immunohistochemistry assays to characterize hemocytes subpopulations involved in the immune process occurring in the LO of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. Tissue sections of animals that increased their LO spheroids and hemocytes infiltration after WSSV induced infection, were used. Three MABs namely, 40E10 (recognizing small granule hemocytes), 40E2 (recognizing large granule hemocytes), and 41B12, which recognize α2‐macroglobulin were used. Additionally one polyclonal antibody was used against the penaeidins antimicrobial peptides, and to detect WSSV a commercial immunohistochemistry kit (DiagXotics) was used. Numerous small granule hemocytes were detected in the stromal matrix of LO tubules, whereas large granule hemocytes were less numerous and located mainly in hemal sinuses. The exocytosis of two molecules, which have been related to the phagocytosis process, i.e. penaeidins, and α2‐macroglobulin, was detected in the external stromal matrix and the outer tubule walls. α2‐macroglobulin inhibits phenoloxidase activity and its strong release in LO tissue may explain the absence of melanization in the immune processes occurring in it. The immunolabeling of vesicles within the LO spheroids with MABs 41B12 40E10 and antipenaedin antibody suggests that LOS are formed by phagocytic cells derived from small granule and hyaline hemocytes, with a possible role of peneidins and α2‐macroglobulin acting as opsonines.
Oral immunization with attenuated Salmonella vaccine expressing Escherichia coli O157:H7 intimin gamma triggers both systemic and mucosal humoral immunity in mice
Authors: Ferreira Oliveira Aline , Almeida Cardoso Silvia , Bruno dos Reis Almeida Fausto , Licursi de Oliveira Leandro , Pitondo‐Silva André , Gomes Soares Sandro , Seixas Hanna Ebert 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTHuman infections with EHEC such as O157:H7 have been a great concern for worldwide food‐industry surveillance. This pathogen is commonly associated with bloody diarrhea that can evolve to the life‐threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome. Animals are the natural reservoir where this pathogen remains asymptomatically, in steps of ingestion and colonization of the bowel. The bacterium is shed in the feces, contaminating the surroundings, including water and food that are directed for human consumption. A major player in this colonization process is intimin, an outer membrane adhesion molecule encoded by the E. coli attachment and effacement (eae) gene that has been shown to be essential for intimate bacterial attachment to eukaryotic host cells. In an attempt to reduce the colonization of animal reservoirs with EHEC O157:H7, we designed a vaccine model to induce an immune response against intimin gamma. The model is based on its recombinant expression in attenuated Salmonella, used as a suitable vaccine vector because of its recognized ability to deliver recombinant antigens and to elicit all forms of immunity: mucosal, systemic, and humoral responses. To test this model, mice were orally immunized with a S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain carrying the pYA3137eaeA vector, and challenged with E. coli O157:H7. Here we show that immunization induced the production of high levels of specific IgG and IgA antibodies and promoted reduction in the fecal shedding of EHEC after challenge. The live recombinant vaccine reported herein may contribute to the efforts of reducing animal intestinal mucosa colonization.
Comparative antigenic proteins and proteomics of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica bio‐serotypes 1B/O: 8 and 2/O: 9 cultured at 25°C and 37°C
Authors: Gu Wenpeng , Wang Xin , Qiu Haiyan , Luo Xia , Xiao Di , Xiao Yuchun , Tang Liuying , Kan Biao , Jing Huaiqi 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTYersinia enterocolitica is a Gram‐negative enteric pathogen responsible for a number of gastrointestinal disorders; the most pathogenic bio‐serotype is 1B/O: 8. In this study, we compared the antigenicity of the outer membrane proteins and proteomics of the whole‐cell proteins of a pathogenic bio‐serotype 2/O: 9 isolated in China and a bio‐serotype 1B/O: 8 strain isolated in Japan. Using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, we showed that the outer membrane proteins A (OmpA), C (OmpC) and F (OmpF) were the major antigens for both strains, although proteins located on the bacterial cell membrane and enzymes involved in energy metabolism were also identified as antigenic. We compared the whole‐cell proteins of the two strains cultured at 25°C and 37°C and found portions of the outer membrane proteins (OmpX, OmpF and OmpA) were downregulated when the bacteria were cultured at 37°C, whereas urease subunit gamma (UreA), urease subunit alpha (UreC) and urease accessory protein (UreE), which are involved in urease synthesis, were upregulated when the bacteria were grown at 37°C. These observations will lay a foundation to selection of diagnostic markers for pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica, and maybe contribute to choose the vaccine targets.
The role of cytokines and adipocytokines in zoledronate‐induced acute phase reaction in postmenopausal women with low bone mass
Authors: Anastasilakis Athanasios D. , Polyzos Stergios A. , Delaroudis Sideris , Bisbinas Ilias , Sakellariou Grigorios T. , Gkiomisi Athina , Papadopoulou Evridiki , Gerou Spyridon , Makras Polyzois 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObjectivePatients treated with intravenous zoledronate frequently experience an acute phase reaction (APR) characterized by flu‐like symptoms and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. We aimed to define the role of various cytokines/adipocytokines in zoledronate‐induced APR and develop a prognostic model for its prediction.Patients and MeasurementsFifty‐one postmenopausal women with low bone mass were subjected to zoledronate intravenous infusion. Patients were divided into those who experienced APR (APR+) and those who did not (APR−). APR was clinically defined by body temperature and the visual analogue pain scale for musculoskeletal symptoms. White blood cell count, leucocytic subpopulations, C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, visfatin, resistin and leptin were measured before and 48 h following the infusion. The quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homoeostasis model of assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) were calculated to assess insulin sensitivity and resistance, respectively.Results(APR+) patients were younger and had lower baseline visfatin and higher baseline lymphocytes and phosphate compared with APR− patients. QUICKI decreased and HOMA‐IR increased in APR+ patients while remained unchanged in APR− patients. In binary logistic regression analysis, a model containing previous bisphosphonate treatment, age, body mass index, lymphocytes and visfatin, which predicted zoledronate‐induced APR with 82·1% sensitivity and 73·9% specificity, was selected. In this model, lymphocytes (P = 0·010) and visfatin (P = 0·029) at baseline could independently predict APR.ConclusionsZoledronate‐induced APR is associated with serum increases of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and an increase of insulin resistance. Patients with higher lymphocytes and lower visfatin levels at baseline are at higher risk for APR.
High‐impact loading on the skeleton is associated with a decrease in glucose levels in young men
Authors: Wiklund Peder , Nordström Anna , Högström Magnus , Alfredson Håkan , Engström Patrik , Gustafsson Thomas , Franks Paul W. , Nordström Peter 
Published: June 2012

SummaryObjectiveThe skeleton has been suggested to be involved in energy metabolism through osteocalcin (OC), an osteoblast‐specific molecule. The objective of this study was to investigate whether high‐impact (HI) exercise stimulating bone formation would lead to changes in glucose and lipid metabolism independent of cardiorespiratory effects and whether OC mediates this association.DesignProspective intervention study.MethodsFifty men aged 20–32 years were allocated to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group completed six different types of jumps in sets of five, with the frequency of these exercises gradually increasing over 8 weeks. At baseline and after 8 weeks, glycerol concentrations were measured in fat tissue as a marker of lipolysis using microdialysis. Blood samples were assayed for OC and markers of glucose and lipid metabolism. Physical activity was measured using an accelerometer.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders at baseline and changes in physical activity during the intervention period, the intervention was associated with a decrease in levels of glucose (P = 0·04), adrenalin (P = 0·03) and OC (P = 0·04) after adjusting for baseline levels and changes in physical activity. No other differences between the groups were significant, although the trends of the metabolic variables favoured the intervention group.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that HI loading on the skeleton may affect glucose metabolism independent of the level of aerobic exercise.
Using mindfulness to examine ISD agility
Authors: McAvoy John , Nagle Tadhg , Sammon David 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAs information systems development (ISD) organisations face increasing market demands, strategies such as agile development have been used to help address these demands. Now, as information systems (IS) research in agile development is gaining in theoretical rigour, this study explores the use of mindfulness as a theoretical framework to examine ISD agility. At its core, the mindfulness theoretical concept promotes a focus on ‘continuous attention to detail’ and ‘vigilance to minimise errors and respond effectively to unexpected events’. Incorporating a sixteen month ongoing longitudinal case study of an ISD organisation, this research provides an insight into the practice of what we term ‘doing’ agile and ‘being’ agile, while also providing a number of theoretical contributions around the value of mindfulness for ISD agility.
Flavonol‐containing phosphorylated pullulan may attenuate pulp inflammation
Authors: Yonehiro J. , Yoshida Y. , Yamashita A. , Yoshizawa S. , Ohta K. , Kamata N. , Okihara T. , Nishimura F. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAimTo find possible reagents to minimize inflammatory responses by using an established pulpitis models for the purpose of developing new pulp‐capping materials, and to test the possible use of phosphorylated pullulan as a carrier for such an anti‐inflammatory reagent.MethodologyCo‐culturing was performed using transwell systems. Inflammatory responses were evaluated by measuring cytokines produced by the cells. The effects of two flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, as anti‐inflammatory reagents, and phosphorylated pullulan, which potentially achieves a sufficient marginal sealing to hydroxyapatite and slowly releases luteolin, as a carrier for flavonoids, were tested.ResultsFlavonols, particularly luteolin, dramatically attenuated inflammatory cytokine production, which was augmented by co‐cultures. Luteolin was successfully enclosed by phosphorylated pullulan. Finally, it was confirmed that luteolin released from phosphorylated pullulan was effective in reducing cytokine production by co‐cultures.ConclusionsCombination of phosphorylated pullulan and luteolin could be potentially used in the treatment of dental pulp inflammation.
A prospective study to assess the palatability of analgesic medicines in children
Authors: Smith Coral June , Sammons Helen M. , Fakis Apostolos , Conroy Sharon 
Published: June 2012

smith c.j., sammons h.m., fakis a. & conroy s. (2013) A prospective study to assess the palatability of analgesic medicines in children. Journal of Advanced Nursing69(3), 655–663. doi: 10.1111/j.1365‐2648.2012.06050.xAbstractAim.  This study examined children’s opinions on the taste of three analgesic medicines: paracetamol, ibuprofen and codeine.Background.  Many medicines for children are unpleasant and unacceptable. Research has shown that children’s taste preferences differ to adults, in whom palatability is often tested. Little British research exists on children’s opinions on the palatability of medicines. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge.Design.  Prospective observational study.Methods.  Between May–September 2008, hospital inpatients aged 5–16 years rated the taste of required analgesics on a 100‐mm visual analogue scale. This incorporated a 5‐point facial hedonic scale. They were also asked their favourite flavour and colour for a medicine.Results.  A total of 159 children took part. Eighty‐five males (53·5%) and 74 females (46·5%). The median age was 8 years (Inter‐quartile range 6–11). The taste of ibuprofen was significantly preferred to paracetamol or codeine. Significant differences were observed depending if the medicine rated was taken first or second (for example pre‐medication with paracetamol and ibuprofen). Younger children (5–8 years) were more likely to choose the extremes of the scale when grading than older children were. Preferred flavours on questioning were strawberry 44% and banana 17%. Favourite colours were pink 25·8% and red 20·8%, with girls more likely to choose pink and boys blue.Conclusion.  Ibuprofen was the most palatable analgesic medicine tested. Children reported they preferred fruit flavours and colour was sex dependent. Nurses when administering two medicines together should consider giving the least palatable first, for example paracetamol before ibuprofen for pre‐medication.
An ethnographic study of main events during hospitalisation: perceptions of nurses and patients
Authors: Coughlin Christine 
Published: June 2012

Aim.  To explore nurses’ and patients’ perceptions of care during main events of hospitalisation.Background.  Main events during hospitalisation such as admission, transfer to the operation room and preparation for discharge have been identified as times when there is significant patient–caregiver interaction. It is during these interactions that there is an opportunity for the nurse to have a positive influence on the patient’s satisfaction with care. The patient’s perception of care has been studied but not qualitatively. Perceptions of care from the nurses’ perspectives have not been well studied. This study explored the patient’s perception of care as well as the nurse’s perception of the care he provided.Design.  This study used an ethnographic methodology that included participant observation and unstructured interviews.Method.  The research was conducted in two phases. First, participant observation was chosen to observe and understand nurse–patient and nurse–family behaviour. The second phase was an unstructured interview to elicit both the patient’s and the nurse’s views about the care experience.Results.  Two major findings were the patient and the nurse had different perceptions of the care experience and the presence of family or a support person influenced the patient’s perception of care.Conclusion.  The use of ethnography proved to be a valuable methodology for studying the interactions of patients, families and nurses. Qualitative methods such as ethnography can yield significant findings on perceptions that are unable to be gleaned by traditional quantitative methods but can serve to provide hypotheses for further study.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study suggests that to maintain quality and patient satisfaction scores, hospitals will need to focus on the difference between the perceived care given and the perceived care received particularly during main events. The role of families and visitors supports positive perceptions of care.
Understanding acute care nurse practitioner communication and decision‐making in healthcare teams
Authors: Kilpatrick Kelley 
Published: June 2012

Aims and objectives:  This paper aims to describe communication and decision‐making in healthcare teams following the introduction of an acute care nurse practitioner role.Background:  Healthcare teams need to establish clear processes for communication and decision‐making about patient care to be effective. Little is known about how acute care nurse practitioners affect these team processes.Design:  Observational/descriptive study.Methods:  Structured non‐participant observations of acute care nurse practitioners and healthcare team members during routine patient care activities were completed to identify the verbal and non‐verbal behaviours. Data were collected in two hospitals in one Canadian province from March–May 2009 for a total of 17 hours and 23 minutes. Descriptive statistics were generated.Results:  Differences in communication and decision‐making were noted between the cases. The acute care nurse practitioners in Case 1 spoke most frequently with physicians when making patient care decisions while the acute care nurse practitioners in Case 2 spoke most frequently with the nurses. The acute care nurse practitioners needed to validate all patient care decisions if prescriptive authority had not been transferred to them.Discussion:  Much of the potential of acute care nurse practitioner roles rests on the ability to enact the full scope of their role. Acute care nurse practitioner scope of practice depends on the legislation, the transfer of decision‐making authority in the organisation, and the messages received form the medical and nursing leadership group.Conclusions:  This appears to be the first in‐depth description of communication and decision‐making in healthcare teams following the introduction of acute care nurse practitioners and furthers our understanding of how system‐level imperatives filter down to healthcare teams.Relevance to clinical practice:  The transfer of prescriptive authority to acute care nurse practitioners affected communication and decision‐making and changed the way routine activities were conducted.