bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Storage Time and Conditions on the Diene Valepotriates Content of the Extract of Valeriana glechomifolia Obtained by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Müller Liz Girardi , de Andrade Salles Luisa , Sakamoto Satchie , Stein Ana Cristina , Cargnin Simone Tasca , Cassel Eduardo , Vargas Rubem Figueiró , Rates Stela Maris Kuze , von Poser Gilsane Lino 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIntroductionValepotriates (epoxy iridoid esters) represent an important group of constituents that contribute to pharmacological effects for the genus Valeriana. Storage and extraction of valepotriates is a demanding task, as these compounds are thermolabile and unstable: even when decomposition products are not formed, isovaleric acid liberation from the iridoid nucleus originate compounds with less complex substituents.ObjectiveTo study the influence of time and storage conditions on the diene valepotriates (valtrate, isovaltrate, acevaltrate, 1‐β‐acevaltrate, 1‐β‐aceacevaltrate) content of the Valeriana glechomifolia (native to southern Brazil), extract was obtained by supercritical fluid extraction using CO2 as the fluid (SF‐CO2).MethodologyAbove‐ground and below‐ground material of V. glechomifolia was extracted by SF‐CO2 (40 °C, 90 bar). The extract was stored under nitrogen atmosphere or solubilised in methanol. Valepotriates stability was accessed during storage at −20 °C over 8 months through reverse‐phase HPLC (mobile phase acetonitrile:water 50:50 (v/v); 254 nm).ResultsA gradual increase in valtrate levels and decrease in acevaltrate, 1‐β‐acevaltrate and 1‐β‐aceacevaltrate, concentration were observed from the first month of storage for the dry extract. However, for the methanol solubilised extract these changes occurred only after the third month and were accompanied by reduction in isovaltrate levels and formation of decomposition products.ConclusionSF‐CO2 showed high selectivity for valepotriates extraction. This is the first report on valepotriates molecular conversion, which was less accelerated when the extract was stored in methanol, but under this condition degradation products are also present, probably baldrinals, that are not observed in the dry extract. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrative data mining to identify novel candidate serum biomarkers for pre‐eclampsia screening
Authors: Pennings Jeroen L. A. , Kuc Sylwia , Rodenburg Wendy , Koster Maria P. H. , Schielen Peter C. J. I. , de Vries Annemieke 
Published: September 2011

ObjectivePre‐eclampsia (PE) is a serious complication that affects approximately 2% of pregnant women worldwide. At present, there is no sufficiently reliable test for early detection of PE in a screening setting that would allow timely intervention. To help future experimental identification of serum biomarkers for early onset PE, we applied a data mining approach to create a set of candidate biomarkers.MethodsWe started from the disease etiology, which involves impaired trophoblast invasion into the spiral arteries. On the basis of this, we used a three‐stage filtering strategy consisting of selection of tissue‐specific genes, textmining for further gene prioritization, and identifying blood‐detectable markers.ResultsThis approach resulted in 38 candidate biomarkers. These include the best three first‐trimester serum biomarkers for PE found to date LGALS13 (placental protein 13, PP13), PAPPA (pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A, PAPP‐A), and PGF (placental growth factor, PlGF), as well as five proteins previously identified as biomarker after the first‐trimester or disease onset. This substantiates the effectiveness of our approach and provides an important indication that the list will contain several new biomarkers for PE.ConclusionsWe anticipate this list can serve in prioritization of future experimental studies on serum biomarkers for early onset PE. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term treatment effects of insulin pump therapy
Authors: Garmo A , Garmo H , Ärnlöv J , Leksell J 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study was designed to examine potential long‐term effects on glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction in people with type 1 diabetes who changed from multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) to insulin pump therapy (CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion).Forty‐six patients who changed from MDI to CSII were recruited at a Swedish medical clinic. They were followed one year prior to starting CSII and four years afterwards. Repeated measurements of HbA1c were performed during follow up. Treatment satisfaction was assessed using Bradley's Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, status version.After initiation of CSII, reductions of HbA1c were seen after the first year (0.66 units of percent [95% Cl 0.46–0.91, p<0.001]) and after two to four years (0.65 [95% Cl 0.38–0.95, p<0.001]). Moreover, treatment satisfaction increased significantly after six months (10.0 score units [95% CI 8.0–12.0, p<0.001]) and remained at the same level after three years (10.5 score units [95% CI 8.0–13.0, p<0.001]).It was concluded that, compared to MDI, insulin pump therapy improves glycaemic control with sustained treatment satisfaction after up to four years. Our long‐term data provide further support for CSII as an effective and well tolerated treatment regimen for patients with type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Metformin therapy and assessment for vitamin B12 deficiency: is it necessary?
Authors: Qureshi SA , Ainsworth A , Winocour PH 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMetformin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognised as a cause of vitamin B12 deficiency for at least 40 years, but routine measurement is not currently advocated in clinical guidelines. Assessment might be of particular relevance in T2DM complicated by peripheral neuropathy.This service review examined whether serum vitamin B12 levels were measured in patients with high dose (>2g/day) and long‐term (four years) metformin treatment, in particular among those with peripheral neuropathy. We also evaluated the effectiveness of vitamin B12 replacement when levels were low.Of 283 patients on high dose metformin for more than four years only, 70 (25%) had vitamin B12 levels checked. All of these 70 cases had peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin B12 deficiency (<150pg/ml) was recorded in 23 (33%). Where vitamin B12 levels were deficient, replacement vitamin B12 was documented in only two (2.9%) patients and improvement in neuropathic symptoms post treatment were documented in only four (5.7%) patients.Conclusion: vitamin B12 levels were measured infrequently in T2DM, in particular among those with peripheral neuropathy. Levels were frequently low when assessed among T2DM patients with peripheral neuropathy. A record that vitamin B12 therapy was initiated was only made in a small number of cases, so the impact on peripheral neuropathy was unclear.Recommendations: all patients with T2DM on long‐term treatment with high dose metformin should be assessed for vitamin B12 deficiency, particularly if complicated by peripheral neuropathy, and then considered for parenteral vitamin B12 replacement if deficient. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Successful treatment of obesity and diabetes with incretin analogue over four years in an adult with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Paisey RB , Bower L , Rosindale S , Lawrence C 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA 36‐year‐old female diabetic patient with genetically confirmed Prader–Willi syndrome had developed weight increase and severe symptomatic hyperglycaemia despite triple oral hypoglycaemic therapies. Main meals were supervised at home and when working in day care. The addition of insulin therapy induced further weight increase and hypertension with only a small improvement in glycaemia. She suffered from a thrombotic stroke.During rehabilitation her hyperphagia persisted and she was commenced on exenatide in addition to insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Incretin analogue therapy was well tolerated after brief initial nausea. Improved glycaemia allowed insulin to be phased out after six months. General well‐being, weight, blood pressure, microalbuminuria, glycosylated haemoglobin, and serum lipids all showed sustained improvement. Despite concerns about hyperphagia and resultant severe vomiting in Prader–Willi syndrome, our patient responded safely to incretin analogue therapy. Weight loss and metabolic improvements have been sustained for four years. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Morphology and rheological behavior of polylactic acid/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Singh Satpal , Ghosh Anup K. , Maiti Saurindra N. , Raha Sumanta , Gupta Rahul K. , Bhattacharya Satinath 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe investigated rheological properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/clay nanocomposite are important to understand the effect of organically modified layered silicates (OMLS) (clay) on processing as well as the change in viscoelastic properties due to polymer filler interaction. The time sweep result revealed that the thermal stability improved with addition of nanoclay due to the formation of percolating network structure. It was also supported by multi wave ramp test. The frequency sweep analysis showed that the dynamic moduli increased with addition of nanoclay. Viscoelastic spectra (DMTA) showed an increase of the storage and loss moduli with the increase in the clay content. Wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine the degree of intercalation, or exfoliation and nanostructure level of clay dispersion on PLA nanocomposites. XRD data demonstrated complete exfoliation at lower nanoclay content. On increasing the nanoclay content, exfoliated and partially intercalated structures were obtained. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
A study on the fabrication of rounded patterns by spin coating of photoresist on silicon substrate with microstructures
Authors: Yoon Jae Sung , Yoo Yeong‐Eun , Choi Doo‐Sun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article describes a spin coating process for making micropatterns with curved surfaces. Liquid photoresist was used to compensate etched profile of microchannels on a silicon substrate. Due to the surface tension of liquid, curved surfaces or slopes could be obtained by coating photoresist on the rectangular microstructures. The results depend on properties of photoresist, geometry of microstructures and coating conditions. In this study, revolution speed of spin coater is a major coating condition. And tests were done for various microchannels with different size and direction. After coating the photoresist layer, it was heated on a hot plate so that its shape could be fixed. The final profiles of curved structures were examined with a polymer replica which was applied on the photoresist surface. The profile was controlled by changing revolution speed in spin coating process, but it also depended on the size and direction of microchannels. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Temperature‐controlled light‐emitting diode lamp for photovoltaic rural applications
Authors: Gago‐Calderón Alfonso , Fernández‐Ramos José , Narvarte Luis 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn recent years, interest in light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting has been growing because of its high efficacy, lifetime and ruggedness. This paper proposes a better adaptation of LED lamps to the technical requirements of photovoltaic lighting domestic systems, whose main quality criteria are reliability and that behave as voltage power supplies. As the key element of reliability in LED lamps is temperature, a solution is proposed for driving LED lamps using voltage sources, such as photovoltaic system batteries, with a control architecture based on pulse width modulation signal that regulates the current applied according to the LED lamp temperature. A prototype of the LED lamp has been implemented and tested to show its good performance at different temperatures and at different battery voltages. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid synthesis of poly(HPA‐co‐VeoVa 10) amphiphilic gels toward removal of toxic solvents via plasma‐ignited frontal polymerization
Authors: Yu Chao , Zhou Jin , Wang Cai‐feng , Chen Li , Chen Su 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAtmospheric air plasma was created and applied in the frontal polymerization (FP) of fabricating poly(HPA‐co‐VeoVa 10) amphiphilic gels (HPA = 2‐hydroxypropyl acrylate, VeoVa 10 = vinyl versatate) with enhanced physicochemical properties. In plasma‐ignited frontal polymerization (PIFP), once ignited by air plasma, no further energy or treatment was required for the following polymerization. In this system, the comparison between PIFP and thermal frontal polymerization (TFP) was conducted and observed that PIFP and TFP differ considerably in terms of swelling capacity, morphology and component distribution of the products. This finding is of great importance that the simultaneous generation of active radicals in the initial stage can spread throughout reactant and anchor on the synthetic polymer with the assistance of FP. More interestingly, the PIFP‐synthesized copolymer possesses remarkable selective absorption towards organic solvents, which can be facilely manipulated by varying the weight ratios of HPA/VeoVa 10. Obviously, these polymer products could serve as an “organic solvent scavenger” in the field of industrial wastewater treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Comments on “An Essay on Contact Angle Measurements” – An Illustration of the Respective Influence of Droplet Deposition and Measurement Parameters
Authors: Kietzig Anne‐Marie 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis commentary is part of the discussion on the use and misuse of contact angle measurements (CAM). Herein, I address the particular challenges of measuring contact angles on non‐wetting surfaces. The importance of carefully carrying out CAM is outlined once again. The influence of experimental parameters on the measured contact angles and hysteresis is explained to illustrate the importance of communicating all experimental settings and conditions (such as pressure, droplet volume, dispense rate, time, relative humidity, and ambient temperature), in order to draw valid conclusions on the dominating wetting state from these measurements.
Experimental Determination of Liquid Spray Drop Morphology Qualitative Information from Laser‐Diffraction Measurements
Authors: Dumouchel Christophe , Grout Sébastien , Leroux Bertrand , Paubel Xavier 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Laser‐Diffraction Technique (LDT) based on the analysis of the light diffraction pattern forwardly scattered by droplets going through a laser optical probe, reports a drop‐diameter distribution. As reported by previous investigations this drop‐diameter distribution is sensitive to the shape of the drops and LDT measures an equivalent‐diameter whose definition has not been established so far. The experimental investigation presented in this paper tackles this very point. It has been motivated by the recent development of the surface‐scale distribution to characterize liquid drops. Being measured from Image Analysis Technique (IAT), the scale distribution contains information on the shape of the drops of the spray. The experimental work consists in analyzing a series of sprays with LDT and IAT to measure the surface‐based scale distribution. It is found that the virtual spray composed of spherical drops and whose diameter distribution is the one measured by the LDT has the same scale distribution as the actual spray. This result allows a relationship between the mean‐diameter series and the mean‐scale series to be established. This relationship is satisfied by the measurements and indicates that information on the droplet shape is available in the mean‐diameter series reported by the LDT. The analysis of the LDT mean‐diameter series confirms this point. The results reported by this experimental work participate to a better identification of the distribution measured by the LDT.
HIV‐1 infection and neurocognitive impairment in the current era
Authors: del Palacio María , Álvarez Susana , Muñoz‐Fernández Mª Ángeles 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYBrain HIV‐1‐infection may result in a syndrome of profound cognitive, behavioral and motor impairment known as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) in adults and HIV‐related encephalopathy in children. Although the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has prolonged and improved the lives of infected individuals, it is clear that HAART does not provide complete protection against neurological damage in HIV/AIDS. HIV‐1 associated dementia is a complex phenomenon, which could be the result of several mechanisms caused by those players using different intracellular signaling pathways. Understanding the causes of neurodegeneration during HIV‐1 infection and the factors which certain individuals develop disease can provide researches on new therapeutic targets to positively affect disease outcomes. Controlling CNS viral replication with HAART is an essential primary approach, but it should be complemented with adjunctive CNS‐directed therapeutics. Understanding the nature of HIV‐1 infection within the CNS as well as inflammatory responses will ultimately lead to the elimination of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN ASSESSMENT OF VARIANTS IN THE PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT OF GEOMORPHOLOGICALLY BASED CHANNEL TYPES
Authors: Milner Victoria S. , Gilvear David J. , Willby Nigel J. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTRiver classification is a useful tool for researchers and managers wishing to organise, to simplify and to understand the forms and processes within freshwater systems. Many classifications require surveyors to classify reaches into specific channel types in a field environment. Channel types should be identifiable on the basis of a field surveyor's judgement of channel characteristics and landscape settings; these include channel planform, valley confinement, dominant bed material and/or instream geomorphic features (e.g. gravel bars). An accurate classification of reaches into the correct channel type is important to ensure consistency in management strategies and to assess the impact of engineering activities on the physical and ecological status of rivers. In this article, we examine the variation in professional judgement of geomorphologically based channel types by scientists with different disciplinary backgrounds and varying levels of involvement in classification systems using a photo‐questionnaire. Results indicate that there can be a large level of discrepancy in typing rivers; the choice of the modal channel type for each reach varied between 25.9% and 75.1% of the respondent selections. There were also differences in the level of agreement between earth scientists (with hydrogeomorphological or geological training), ecological scientists (with freshwater biology training) and practitioners involved in river conservation and management. A high level of experience in classification systems translates to a lower number of channel types being chosen per reach. In response to these results, the use of a photographic approach to typing needs to be fully tested and users fully trained before operational use. Furthermore, we advocate that designers of geomorphic typologies should aim to have a representative and workable number of classes within a typology with an emphasis for rationalisation of classes rather than expansion of numbers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agile methods and organizational culture: reflections about cultural levels
Authors: Tolfo Cristiano , Wazlawick Raul Sidnei , Ferreira Marcelo Gitirana Gomes , Forcellini Fernando Antonio 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAgile methods emerge as an alternative to improve quality and performance in software development processes. However, as agile methods are essentially focused on human aspects, their application in companies depends mostly on their adequacy to the current organizational culture. This study explores the view of the organizational culture in three levels as a theoretical framework to allow early detection of problems, which could jeopardize the adoption of agile methods by a company. This article points out that many facilitators or obstacles to the adoption of an agile method can be hidden in the lower levels of the organizational culture. Additionally, the article shows that a superficial analysis of those issues can lead to a miscomprehension about the possibility of applying an agile method in a software company. This article also evidences that the interpretation of the levels of organizational culture improves the understanding of how an agile culture should be established. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maintenance of service oriented architecture composite applications: static and dynamic support
Authors: White Laura J. , Reichherzer Thomas , Coffey John , Wilde Norman , Simmons Sharon 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYSeveral authors have suggested that service‐oriented architecture (SOA) applications will present new program comprehension challenges for future software maintainers. We review the literature on program comprehension for SOA and describe exploratory work on static and dynamic program analysis, using two prototype tools to aid in addressing these challenges. SOAMiner is a static search tool to extract information from XML‐structured SOA files such as Web Services Description Language, XML Schema Definition Language, and Business Process Execution Language. Feature sequence viewer is a dynamic message trace analysis tool that extracts a sequence diagram highlighting the path of messages involved in processing a particular Web service request. Several case studies were conducted involving both static and dynamic analysis. Use of these tools has helped to clarify what SOA maintainers will need to know and how software tools might help them. Results revealed various types of static and dynamic information that can be useful to maintainers of SOA composite applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance and near wake measurements of a model horizontal axis wind turbine
Authors: Krogstad Per‐Åge , Adaramola Muyiwa S. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe performance characteristics and the near wake of a model wind turbine were investigated experimentally. The model tested is a three‐bladed horizontal axis type wind turbine with an upstream rotor of 0.90 m diameter. The performance measurements were conducted at various yaw angles, a freestream speed of about 10 m s −1, and the tip speed ratio was varied from 0.5 to 12. The time‐averaged streamwise velocity field in the near wake of the turbine was measured at different tip speed ratios and downstream locations. As expected, it was found that power and thrust coefficients decrease with increasing yaw angle. The power loss is about 3% when the yaw angle is less than 10° and increases to more than 30% when the yaw angle is greater than 30°. The velocity distribution in the near wake was found to be strongly influenced by the tip speed ratio and the yaw angle. At the optimum tip speed ratio, the axial velocity was almost uniform within the midsection of the rotor wake, whereas two strong peaks are observed for high tip speed ratios when the yaw angle is 0°. As the yaw angle increases, the wake width was found to be reduced and skewed towards the yawed direction. With increasing downstream distance, the wake velocity field was observed to depend on the tip speed ratio and more pronounced at high tip speed ratio. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.