bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A viral PAMP double‐stranded RNA induces allergen‐specific Th17 cell response in the airways which is dependent on VEGF and IL‐6
Authors: Choi J.‐P. , Kim Y.‐S. , Tae Y.‐M. , Choi E.‐J. , Hong B.‐S. , Jeon S. G. , Gho Y. S. , Zhu Z. , Kim Y.‐K. 
Published: April 2010

To cite this article: Choi J‐P, Kim Y‐S, Tae Y‐M, Choi E‐J, Hong B‐S, Jeon SG, Gho YS, Zhu Z, Kim Y‐K. A viral PAMP double‐stranded RNA induces allergen‐specific Th17 cell response in the airways which is dependent on VEGF and IL‐6. Allergy 2010; 65: 1322–1330.AbstractBackground:  Innate immune response by a viral pathogen‐associated molecular pattern dsRNA modulates the subsequent development of adaptive immune responses. Although virus‐associated asthma is characterized by noneosinophilic inflammation, the role of Th17 cell response in the development of virus‐associated asthma is still unknown.Objective:  To evaluate the role of the Th17 cell response and its underlying polarizing mechanisms in the development of an experimental virus‐associated asthma.Methods:  An experimental virus‐associated asthma was created via airway sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA, 75 μg) and a low (0.1 μg) or a high (10 μg) doses of synthetic dsRNA [polyinosine–polycytidylic acid; poly(I:C)]. Transgenic (IL‐17‐, IL‐6‐deficient mice) and pharmacologic [a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor] approaches were used to evaluate the roles of Th17 cell responses.Results:  After cosensitization with OVA and low‐dose poly(I:C), but not with high‐dose poly(I:C), inflammation scores after allergen challenge were lower in IL‐17‐deficient mice than in wild‐type (WT) mice. Moreover, inflammation enhanced by low‐dose poly(I:C), but not by high‐dose poly(I:C), was impaired in IL‐6‐deficient mice; this phenotype was accompanied by the down‐regulation of IL‐17 production from T cells from both lymph nodes and lung tissues. Airway exposure of low‐dose poly(I:C) enhanced the production of VEGF and IL‐6, and the production of IL‐6 was blocked by treatment with a VEGFR inhibitor (SU5416). Moreover, the allergen‐specific Th17 cell response and subsequent inflammation in the low‐dose poly(I:C) model were impaired by the VEGFR inhibitor treatment during sensitization.Conclusions:  Airway exposure of low‐level dsRNA induces an allergen‐specific Th17 cell response, which is mainly dependent on VEGF and IL‐6.
Developmental perspectives on copy number abnormalities of the 22q11.2 region
Authors: Tan TY , Gordon CT , Amor DJ , Farlie PG 
Published: April 2010

Tan TY, Gordon CT, Amor DJ, Farlie PG. Developmental perspectives on copy number abnormalities of the 22q11.2 region.The 22q11.2 chromosomal landscape predisposes to genomic rearrangements that are associated with a variety of clinical phenotypes. The most well known of these include the 22q11.2 deletion and Cat‐eye syndromes (CES), but more recently other copy number abnormalities have been recognised, especially with increased use of microarrays in the investigation of patients with congenital malformations or cognitive impairment. In addition, mutations in the TBX1 gene have been found in patients with phenotypes reminiscent of 22q11.2 syndromes. Recent advances in our understanding of 22q11.2 genes and their interactions provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic variability of the 22q11.2 syndromes, and suggest a possible common developmental pathway perturbed by copy number abnormalities of this locus.
Post‐conditioning with cyclosporine A fails to reduce the infarct size in an in vivo porcine model
Authors: LIE R. H. , STOETTRUP N. , SLOTH E. , HASENKAM J. M. , KROYER R. , NIELSEN T. T. 
Published: April 2010

Background: Cyclosporine A has generated intense interest in the field of cardioprotection due to its ability to protect the mitochondria at reperfusion by blocking the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. The aim of our study was to examine the cardioprotective effect of Sandimmun®, a clinically available formulation of cyclosporine A, in an in vivo large mammal model.Methods: Forty‐eight pigs were randomly allocated to one of three groups: (i) Control group (Con, n=19), (ii) Cyclosporine group, (Cyclo, n=19) Sandimmun® 10 mg/kg i.v. bolus 5 min before reperfusion and (iii) Pre‐conditioning group (Precon, n=10) two cycles of 10 min ischemia interspersed with 30‐min reperfusion. The study was further sub‐divided into a metabolic protocol, evaluating myocardial metabolism by measuring changes in the interstitial lactate concentration, and a coronary flow protocol. All animals were subjected to 40 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, followed by 180 min of reperfusion before histochemical staining and assessment of infarct size by planimetry.Results: Infarct sizes were measured as: Con 51.4 ± 16.5%, Cyclo 47.3 ± 15.7% and Precon 2.4 ± 3.6%, with no significant difference between the Con and Cyclo groups but a highly significant difference between the Precon and Cyclo and Con groups (P<0.0001 for both comparisons). In the Cyclo group, the interstitial lactate concentration was significantly increased compared with the Con group at 6‐min reperfusion, although significantly lower at 14 min presumably due to accelerated washout.Conclusion: In this large animal model, a 10 mg/kg bolus administration of Sandimmun® 5 min before reperfusion did not reduce the infarct size.
Countergradient vs. cogradient variation in growth and diapause in a lichen‐feeding moth, Eilema depressum (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Authors: PÖYKKÖ H. , TAMMARU T. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSeparating genetic and environmental causes of the latitudinal differences among populations is crucial when evaluating the potential for microevolutionary responses to the changing environment. We studied among‐population and environmental components of variation in several life‐history traits of a lichen‐feeding moth Eilema depressum when offspring of replicate Swiss and Finnish females were reared in a common‐garden factorial experiment. A partial second generation was produced only among Swiss larvae, more likely so at higher temperature regime and higher host quality, and more frequently among the offspring of particular females. Growth rates of larvae that chose the diapause development were higher in northern individuals. Our results thus reveal adaptive differences between latitudinal populations in studied life‐history traits, allowing to expect rapid adaptation of the species to further environmental changes. In contrast, invariable responses of the growth rates of the larvae to temperature and host quality support the idea that some basic parameters of insect growth show a high degree of evolutionary conservatism.
Faster evolution of highly conserved DNA in tropical plants
Authors: GILLMAN L. N. , KEELING D. J. , GARDNER R. C. , WRIGHT S. D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA faster rate of nuclear DNA evolution has recently been found for plants occupying warmer low latitudes relative to those in cooler high latitudes. That earlier study by our research group compared substitution rates within the variable internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal gene complex amongst 45 congeneric species pairs, each member of which differed in their latitudinal distributions. To determine whether this rate differential might also occur within highly conserved DNA, we sequenced the 18S ribosomal gene in the same 45 pairs of plants. We found that the rate of evolution in 18S was 51% faster in the tropical plant species relative to their temperate sisters and that the substitution rate in 18S correlated positively with that in the more variable ITS. This result, with a gene coding for ribosomal structure, suggests that climatic influences on evolution extend to functionally important regions of the genome.
The diapause decision as a cascade switch for adaptive developmental plasticity in body mass in a butterfly
Authors: GOTTHARD K. , BERGER D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSwitch‐induced developmental plasticity, such as the diapause decision in insects, is a major form of adaptation to variable environments. As individuals that follow alternative developmental pathways will experience different selective environments the diapause decision may evolve to a cascade switch that induces additional adaptive developmental differences downstream of the diapause decision. Here, we show that individuals following alternative developmental pathways in a Swedish population of the butterfly, Pararge aegeria, display differential optimization of adult body mass as a likely response to predictable differences in thermal conditions during reproduction. In a more northern population where this type of selection is absent no similar difference in adult mass among pathways was found. We conclude that the diapause decision in the southern population appears to act as a cascade switch, coordinating development downstream of the diapause decision, to produce adult phenotypes adapted to the typical thermal conditions of their expected reproductive period.
Multiple sources of reproductive isolation in a bimodal butterfly hybrid zone
Authors: MUÑOZ A. G. , SALAZAR C. , CASTAÑO J. , JIGGINS C. D. , LINARES M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn important evolutionary question concerns whether one or many barriers are involved in the early stages of speciation. We examine pre‐ and post‐zygotic reproductive barriers between two species of butterflies (Heliconius erato chestertonii and H. e. venus) separated by a bimodal hybrid zone in the Cauca Valley, Colombia. We show that there is both strong pre‐ and post‐mating reproductive isolation, together leading to a 98% reduction in gene flow between the species. Pre‐mating isolation plays a primary role, contributing strongly to this isolation (87%), similar to previous examples in Heliconius. Post‐mating isolation was also strong, with absence of Haldane’s rule, but an asymmetric reduction in fertility (< 11%) in inter‐specific crosses depending on maternal genotype. In summary, this is one of the first examples of post‐zygotic reproductive isolation playing a significant role in early stages of parapatric speciation in Heliconius and demonstrates the importance of multiple barriers to gene flow in the speciation process.
Differences in cytokinin control on cellular dynamics of zucchini cotyledons cultivated in two experimental systems
Authors: Stoynova‐Bakalova E. , Petrov P. , Gigova L. , Ivanova N. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe effect of endogenous cytokinins on the pattern of palisade cell division post‐germination does not depend on the conditions of cotyledon development –in planta (attached to seedlings) or in vitro (isolated from dry zucchini seeds and cultured on water). In cotyledons originating from 4‐day‐old seedlings (experimental system 1), exogenous cytokinin temporarily (in the first 2 day of cultivation) enhanced post‐mitotic cell enlargement of palisade cells, mainly due to enhanced water uptake and use of cell storage compounds, all of which lead to cotyledon senescence. Cytokinin is not able to resume the completed palisade cell division on day 5. As a result, the number of cells and the final areas of treated and control cotyledons are quite similar. By contrast, the effects of cytokinin on cotyledons isolated from dry seeds (experimental system 2) are better expressed, promoting an increase in number of palisade cells accompanied by additional cotyledon area enlargement. However, the prolonged post‐mitotic cell expansion in control cotyledons compensates for the reduced speed of cell growth and division activity and decreases differences in final cotyledon area between treatments. The results define cell division as the primary target of cytokinin stimulation in cotyledon tissues competent for division, and determine the temporal patterns of palisade cell cycling related to cotyledon age. This knowledge permits a better choice of experimental system to study effects on cell proliferation and cell growth, as well as cell enlargement and senescence‐related events using physiologically homogeneous material.
Interactions Between Sabre‐Tooth Blennies and Their Reef Fish Victims: Effects Of Enforced Repeated Game Structure and Local Abundance on Victim Aggression
Authors: Bshary Andrea , Bshary Redouan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe conditions under which humans benefit from contributing to a public good have attracted great interest; in particular the potential role of punishment of cheaters is hotly debated. In contrast, similar studies on other animals are lacking. In this study, we describe for the first time how the course of interactions between parasitic sabre‐tooth blennies (the cheaters) and their reef fish victims can be used to study both punishment and the emergence of public goods. Sabre tooth blennies (Plagiotremus sp.) sneak up from behind to bite off small pieces of scales and/or mucus from other fish. Victims regularly show spontaneous aggression as well as aggressive responses to blenny attacks. In a between species comparison, we tested how the probability of chasing a blenny is affected by (1) the option of avoiding interactions with a blenny by avoiding its small territory, and (2) variation in local abundance of conspecifics. We found that resident victim species are more aggressive towards blennies than visiting species. This difference persisted when we controlled for victim size and territoriality, suggesting that it is the enforced repeated game structure that causes residents to chase blennies. In residents, we also found a negative correlation between aggression towards blennies and local abundance, which suggests that the benefits of chasing are diluted with increasing local abundance. We discuss the implication of these results for future studies.
Identification of Oryza sativa endornavirus in rice genotypes from breeding programmes in the United States
Authors: Valverde R. A. , Sabanadzovic S. , Rush M. C. 
Published: April 2010

With 1 figure and 1 table AbstractHigh molecular weight double‐stranded ribonucleic acids (dsRNAs) were detected in two rice cultivars, ‘M‐201’ and ‘Saturn’, growing in experimental plots and showing virus‐like symptoms. Partial sequencing of these dsRNAs indicated that they were related to the genome of Oryza sativa endornavirus (OSV), which has been reported in Japan infecting many rice cultivars. As this virus has not been reported in the US, 50 rice genotypes from the three major rice‐breeding programmes were tested. The virus was detected in two additional rice cultivars, ‘M‐102’ and ‘Colusa’. Analysis of the pedigree of infected cultivars suggested that the cultivar ‘Colusa’ was likely the source of the virus which was vertically transmitted to the progeny during the breeding process. The frequency of OSV in the tested cultivars was relatively low, compared with the high virus incidence of this virus reported in Japan. The virus does not appear to cause symptoms in rice and it was efficiently transmitted through seed.
Effect of Pre‐Treatment of Ovine Sperm on Male Pronuclear Formation and Subsequent Embryo Development Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Authors: Shirazi A , Derakhshan‐Horeh M , Pilvarian AA , Ahmadi E , Nazari H , Heidari B 
Published: April 2010

ContentsThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of various methods of sperm pre‐treatment on male pronuclear (MPN) formation and subsequent development of ovine embryos derived from in vitro‐matured oocytes and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The effect of treatment of injected oocytes with dithiothreitol (DTT) on embryo development was also assessed. In Exp. 1, the injected oocytes with non‐treated sperm were activated with three different procedures. The cleavage and blastocyst rates in those activated with DTT was lower (p < 0.05) than those activated with either ionomycin (Io) + 6‐dimethylaminopurine (6‐DMAP) or DTT + I + 6‐DMAP. In Exp. 2, the effects of sperm pre‐incubated with DTT, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or DTT + SDS as well as two‐time frozen/thawed sperm (without cryoprotectant) on MPN formation and oocyte activation were examined. The non‐treated sperm served as controls. The MPN formation in DTT + SDS group was higher (p < 0.05) than other groups except for freeze–thaw group. No difference in the rate of activated ICSI oocytes was observed among groups. In Exp. 3, the effect of pre‐treatment of sperm on subsequent development of ICSI embryos and blastocyst cell numbers were examined. The rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation as well as the blastocyst cell numbers were similar among the pre‐treated and control groups. In conclusion, pre‐treatment of sperm with DTT + SDS positively affected MPN formation, although the subsequent development capacity of the resulting embryos remained limited. Moreover, DTT was not effective on oocyte activation compared with Io + 6‐DMAP after ICSI.
Evaluation of the Australian adaptation of the Keeping It Together (KIT‐Australia) information package with carers of children with special needs
Authors: Stewart Janeen , Galvin Jane , Froude Elspeth H. , Lentin Primrose 
Published: April 2010

Background:  Australian carers of children with special needs have expressed concerns about the limited availability and accessibility of suitable information resources. The ‘Keeping It Together’ (KIT) information package was developed and trialled in Canada and found to be effective in meeting the information needs of this population. Aim:  The study aimed to evaluate the KIT‐Australian Adaptation (KIT‐Australia) to determine if it met its purpose of providing carers of children with special needs with strategies to access resources, organise information and communicate with others about their child. The study also aimed to determine whether additional changes were required to increase the KIT‐Australia’s utility. Methods:  Eighteen carers of children with special needs participated in the study. All participants had accessed services from the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria. Demographic information was collected and carers were orientated to the KIT‐Australia prior to using it. After eight weeks, a telephone survey interview was completed with each participant. A content analysis of qualitative and quantitative data provided the results. Results:  Most participants stated that they would continue to use the KIT‐Australia, and would recommend it to other carers. Six key themes were identified: getting started, accessing resources, organising and storing information, communicating information about my child to others, recommendations and non‐use of the KIT‐Australia. Conclusions:  Preliminary data from this study suggests that the KIT‐Australia met its purpose of assisting carers of children with special needs, to access resources, organise information and communicate with others about their child. Participant recommendations to improve the usability of the KIT‐Australia should be implemented for future editions of the resource. Further research may be required to adapt and facilitate use of the KIT‐Australia in other Australian states and territories.
Effect of gastroesophageal reflux disease on sleep
Authors: Fass Ronnie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and sleep where night‐time reflux leads to sleep deprivation and sleep deprivation per se can exacerbate GERD by enhancing perception of intra‐esophageal stimuli. Presently, treatment has primarily focused on reducing night‐time reflux and thus improving sleep quality. Future studies are needed to further explore the relationship between GERD and sleep and the potential of novel therapeutic options to interrupt the vicious cycle between GERD and sleep.
Aspirin‐induced peptic ulcer and genetic polymorphisms
Authors: Shiotani Akiko , Sakakibara Takashi , Nomura Maki , Yamanaka Yoshiyuki , Nishi Ryuji , Imamura Hiroshi , Tarumi Ken‐ichi , Kamada Tomoari , Hata Jiro , Haruma Ken 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThere are a few studies of the association between genetic polymorphisms and the risks of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)‐induced ulcer or its complications. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1), A‐842G and C50T, exhibited increased sensitivity to aspirin and had lower prostaglandin synthesis capacity, lacking statistical significance in the association with bleeding peptic ulcer. A recent Japanese study indicated that the number of COX‐1‐1676T alleles was a significant risk factor for peptic ulcer in users of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). There are some genetic polymorphisms for aspirin resistance, such as platelet membrane glycoproteins, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor, platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase and coagulation factor XIII; however, data on the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) events in these variants are lacking. Carrying the CYP2C9 variants is reported a significantly increased risk of non‐aspirin NSAID‐related GI bleeding. The polymorphisms of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) have been associated with development of peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. In a recent investigation, carriage of the IL‐1β‐511 T allele was significantly associated with peptic ulcer among low‐dose aspirin users. Hypoacidity in corpus gastritis related to polymorphisms of pro‐inflammatory cytokines seems to reduce NSAIDs or aspirin‐related injury. Data on which polymorphisms are significant risk factors for GI events in aspirin users are still lacking and further large‐scale clinical studies are required.
Assessment of in vitro biofilm formation by Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Yonezawa Hideo , Osaki Takako , Kurata Satoshi , Zaman Cynthia , Hanawa Tomoko , Kamiya Shigeru 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Biofilms are surface‐bound communities of bacterial cells that are implicated in their survival. As with various bacteria studied to date, Helicobacter pylori can have an alternate lifestyle as a biofilm. We previously reported that strain TK1402 showed a strong biofilm‐forming ability in vitro. However, the mechanisms of its biofilm development remain unclear. We analyzed the basic characteristics of the biofilm‐forming ability in strain TK1402.Methods:  In order to characterize the biofilm‐forming ability of the H. pylori strains, auto‐aggregation, motility and hydrophobicity, which are important factors in biofilm formation by other bacteria, were analyzed. Further, we tested whether cell growth participated in biofilm formation in strain TK1402.Results:  There were no significant differences in the auto‐aggregation, motility and hydrophobicity of strain TK1402 compared with the other strains. On the other hand, pre‐culture of this strain for 24–48 h resulted in decreased biofilm formation.Conclusion:  TK1402 is a strong biofilm‐forming strain of H. pylori in Brucella broth supplemented with 7% fetal calf serum. It is possible that biofilm‐forming cell growth is a principal factor in biofilm development.