bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying clusters as low‐lying mimina—efficiency of stochastic and genetic algorithms using inexpensive electronic structure levels
Authors: Avaltroni Fabrice , Corminboeuf Clemence 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMolecular candidates possessing unconventional chemical bonding paradigms (e.g., boron wheels, molecular stars, and multicenter bonding) have attracted a great deal of attention by the computational community. The viability of such systems is necessarily assessed through the identification of the lowest lying energy forms of a given chemical composition on the potential energy surface (PES). Although dozens of search algorithms have been developed, only a few are general and simple enough to become standard everyday procedures for this purpose. The simple random search and genetic algorithm (GA) are among these: but how do these approaches perform on typical isomeric searches? The performance of three specific variants for the ab initio exploration of the PES of prototype planar tetracoordinated and hypercoordinated carbon‐containing systems C2Al4 and CB62− are compared. The advantages of preoptimizing with a low‐cost semiempirical method (e.g., PM6) together with the most cost‐efficient GA‐based variant are discussed, and the trends verified by the isomer search of the larger Si5Li7+ clusters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Genetic tagging reveals a significant impact of poison baiting on an invasive species
Authors: Berry Oliver , Algar Dave , Angus John , Hamilton Neil , Hilmer Steffi , Sutherland Duncan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractGlobally, invasive predators are major pests of agriculture and biodiversity and are the focus of comprehensive control programs. Because these species are typically elusive, wary of traps, and occur at low densities, their fundamental population dynamics are difficult to determine and quantitative evaluations of control programs are rarely conducted. Noninvasive DNA analysis has the potential to resolve this long‐standing limitation to pest management. We carried out a landscape‐scale experiment to quantify reduction in the abundance of a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) population when baited with sodium fluoroacetate (1080) poison (the most widely used method of fox control in Australia). We collected fox hairs with hair snares during 4 4‐day sessions over the course of 6 months at a site in semi‐arid Western Australia. The first session took place in late summer just prior to when juvenile foxes typically disperse, and the final session followed aerial baiting with 1080 poison. We obtained consensus microsatellite genotypes from 196 samples, and used them to conduct both spatially explicit and open model capture–recapture analysis. Twenty‐eight percent of trap nights yielded hair samples suitable for identification of individual foxes, which is more than an order of magnitude greater than trapping rates reported with conventional techniques. Fox density changed little during 3 pre‐baiting sessions and averaged 0.73 foxes/km2 (±0.33 SE), which is less than most previous trap‐based estimates for Australian foxes. Density dropped significantly in response to baiting to 0.004 foxes/km2. Prior to baiting, the apparent survival of foxes remained static (0.72 ± 0.14 SE), but in response to baiting it dropped precipitously and was effectively zero. This experiment provides the first quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of 1080 poison baiting for reducing fox density, and in this case demonstrates it to be a highly effective method for culling foxes from a region. Further, it demonstrates that noninvasive DNA analysis will provide significantly more data than conventional trapping methods. This method is likely to provide greater precision and accuracy than conventional methods and therefore result in more robust evaluations of management strategies for the fox in Australia, and for cryptic species elsewhere. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Ultrasound-Based Transient Elastography for the Detection of Hepatic Fibrosis in Patients With Recurrent Hepatitis C Virus After Liver Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Adebajo Corlan O. , Talwalkar Jayant A. , Poterucha John J. , Kim Ray W. , Charlton Michael R. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Ultrasound-based transient elastography (TE) is a promising noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy for the detection of hepatic fibrosis due to recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) after liver transplantation (LT). However, its overall test performance in various settings remains unknown. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis of studies comparing ultrasound-based TE to liver biopsy for the detection of hepatic fibrosis due to a recurrent HCV infection after LT. Electronic and manual bibliographic searches (including scientific abstracts) were performed to identify potential studies. A meta-analysis was conducted to generate pooled estimates of the sensitivity values, specificity values, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios of individual studies. The extent of the heterogeneity and the reasons for it were assessed. Six fully published studies were identified for analysis. Five studies that evaluated significant fibrosis were identified. Among these studies, the pooled estimates were 83% for sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI) = 77%-88%], 83% for specificity (95% CI = 77%-88%), 4.95 for the positive likelihood ratio (95% CI = 3.4-7.2), 0.17 for the negative likelihood ratio (95% CI = 0.09-0.35), and 30.5 for the diagnostic odds ratio (95% CI = 12.8-72.4). For the 5 studies that assessed cirrhosis, the pooled estimates were 98% for sensitivity (95% CI = 90%-100%), 84% for specificity (95% CI = 80%-88%), 7 for the positive likelihood ratio (95% CI = 2.8-17.3), 0.06 for the negative likelihood ratio (95% CI = 0.02-0.19), and 130 for the diagnostic odds ratio (95% CI = 36.5-462.1). A diagnostic threshold (or cutoff value) bias was identified as an important cause of heterogeneity for the pooled results of both patient groups. In conclusion, ultrasound-based TE has excellent diagnostic accuracy for identifying cirrhosis due to a recurrent HCV infection after LT. The detection of significant fibrosis is more accurate for these patients versus patients whose native liver is chronically infected with HCV.
Liver Transpl 18:323–331, 2012.
© 2012 AASLD.
Investigating the magnetic susceptibility properties of fresh human blood for noninvasive oxygen saturation quantification
Authors: Jain Varsha , Abdulmalik Osheiza , Propert Kathleen Joy , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractQuantification of blood oxygen saturation on the basis of a measurement of its magnetic susceptibility demands knowledge of the difference in volume susceptibility between fully oxygenated and fully deoxygenated blood (Δχdo). However, two very different values of Δχdo are currently in use. In this work we measured Δχdo as well as the susceptibility of oxygenated blood relative to water, Δχoxy, by MR susceptometry in samples of freshly drawn human blood oxygenated to various levels, from 6 to 98% as determined by blood gas analysis. Regression analysis yielded 0.273 ± 0.006 and −0.008 ± 0.003 ppm (cgs) respectively, for Δχdo and Δχoxy, in excellent agreement with previous work by Spees et al. (Magn Reson Med 2001;45:533–542). Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying propensity scores estimated in a full cohort to adjust for confounding in subgroup analyses
Authors: Rassen Jeremy A. , Glynn Robert J. , Rothman Kenneth J. , Setoguchi Soko , Schneeweiss Sebastian 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTBackgroundA correctly specified propensity score (PS) estimated in a cohort (“cohort PS”) should, in expectation, remain valid in a subgroup population.ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether using a cohort PS can be validly applied to subgroup analyses and, thus, add efficiency to studies with many subgroups or restricted data.MethodsIn each of three cohort studies, we estimated a cohort PS, defined five subgroups, and then estimated subgroup‐specific PSs. We compared difference in treatment effect estimates for subgroup analyses adjusted by cohort PSs versus subgroup‐specific PSs. Then, over 10 million times, we simulated a population with known characteristics of confounding, subgroup size, treatment interactions, and treatment effect and again assessed difference in point estimates.ResultsWe observed that point estimates in most subgroups were substantially similar with the two methods of adjustment. In simulations, the effect estimates differed by a median of 3.4% (interquartile (IQ) range 1.3–10.0%). The IQ range exceeded 10% only in cases where the subgroup had < 1000 patients or few outcome events.ConclusionsOur empirical and simulation results indicated that using a cohort PS in subgroup analyses was a feasible approach, particularly in larger subgroups. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistent consequence severity estimation
Authors: Summers Angela , Vogtmann William , Smolen Steven 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMost risk analysis methods rely on a qualitative judgment of consequence severity, regardless of the analysis rigor applied to the estimation of hazardous event frequency. As the risk analysis is dependent on the estimated frequency and consequence severity of the hazardous event, the error associated with the consequence severity estimate directly impacts the estimated risk and ultimately the risk reduction requirements. Overstatement of the consequence severity creates excessive risk reduction requirements. Understatement results in inadequate risk reduction.Consistency in the consequence severity estimate can be substantially improved by implementing consequence estimation tools that assist process hazards analyses/layers of protection analysis (PHA/LOPA) team members in understanding the flammability, explosivity, or toxicity of process chemical releases. This article provides justification for developing semiquantitative look‐up tables to support the team assessment of consequence severity. Just as the frequency and risk reduction tables have greatly improved consistency in the estimate of the hazardous event frequency, consequence severity tables can significantly increase confidence in the severity estimate. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Problem‐based learning
Authors: Allen Deborah E. , Donham Richard S. , Bernhardt Stephen A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn problem‐based learning, students working in collaborative groups learn by resolving complex, realistic problems under the guidance of faculty. In this chapter, we examine the evidence for effectiveness of the method to achieve its goals of fostering deep understandings of content and discuss the potential for developing process skills: research, negotiation and teamwork, writing, and verbal communication.
Some evolutionary perspectives on Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and pathology
Authors: Glass Daniel J. , Arnold Steven E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThere is increasing urgency to develop effective prevention and treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the aging population swells. Yet, our understanding remains limited for the elemental pathophysiological mechanisms of AD dementia that may be causal, compensatory, or epiphenomenal. To this end, we consider AD and why it exists from the perspectives of natural selection, adaptation, genetic drift, and other evolutionary forces. We discuss the connection between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) allele and AD, with special consideration to APOE ε4 as the ancestral allele. The phylogeny of AD‐like changes across species is also examined, and pathology and treatment implications of AD are discussed from the perspective of evolutionary medicine. In particular, amyloid‐β (Aβ) neuritic plaques and paired helical filament tau (PHFtau) neurofibrillary tangles have been traditionally viewed as injurious pathologies to be targeted, but may be preservative or restorative processes that mitigate harmful neurodegenerative processes or may be epiphenoma of the essential processes that cause neurodegeneration. Thus, we raise fundamental questions about current strategies for AD prevention and therapeutics.
The Late Paleozoic fold-thrust structure of the Tunka bald mountains, East Sayan (southern framing of the Siberian Platform)
Authors: Ryabinin A.B. , Buslov M.M. , Zhimulev F.I. , Travin A.V. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
According to the new geological, geochronological, and structural data, the Tunka bald mountains (East Sayan) have a nappe structure, which formed in the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian. The deformations have been dated by the 40Ar–39Ar method on the basis of syntectonic micas and amphiboles, whose structural and spatial positions have been determined in oriented thin sections. The geometrical analysis of macro- and microstructures has revealed three development stages of the structures, which followed one another in progressive deformation. The first (thrust-fault) stage (316–310 Ma) comprised a group of N-verging thrust sheets. In the second (fold deformation) stage (305–303 Ma), they were folded. The third (strike-slip fault) stage (286 Ma) comprised high-angle shears, along which V-shaped blocks were squeezed westward from the most compressed areas. All the structures developed under near-N–S-trending compression. The thrusting in the Tunka bald mountains was coeval with the major shear structures in the eastern Central Asian Fold Belt (Main Sayan Fault, Kurai, Northeastern, and Irtysh crumpled zones, etc.). Also, it was simultaneous with the formation of continental-margin calc-alkalic and shoshonite series (305–278 Ma) as well as that of the alkali and alkali-feldspar syenites and granites (281–278 Ma) of the Tarim mantle plume in the Angara–Vitim pluton, located near and east of the studied region. Thus, the simultaneous development of the Late Paleozoic structures, active-margin structures, and plume magmatism in southern Siberia might have resulted from the global geodynamic events caused by the interaction between the tectonic plates which formed the Central Asian Fold Belt.
A new triad resonance between co-propagating surface and interfacial waves
Authors: Alam Mohammad-Reza 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn a two-layer density-stratified fluid it is known, due to Ball (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 19, 1964, p. 465), that two oppositely travelling surface waves may form a triad resonance with an interfacial wave. Ball claims ‘there are no other interactions’ between two surface waves and one interfacial wave. Contrary to this, here we present a new class of triad resonance that occurs between two co-propagating surface waves and one interfacial wave. While in Ball’s resonance the interfacial wave has a wavelength of about half of two surface waves, in the new resonance presented here the interfacial wave has a much higher wavelength compared to those of surface waves. This, together with the unidirectionality of the participant triplet, makes the realization of the new resonance more likely in real ocean scenarios. We further show, via theoretical analysis and direct simulation, that, unique to this new class of resonance, the triad inevitably undergoes a cascade of (near-) resonance interaction that spreads the energy of initial waves to a number of lower and higher harmonics. The significance of the resonance studied here is, particularly, more emphasized in the littoral zones, where the spectrum refracts toward a unidirectional wave train.
A UNIQUENESS RESULT FOR THE FOURIER TRANSFORM OF MEASURES ON THE SPHERE
Authors: GONZÁLEZ VIELI FRANCISCO JAVIER 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA finite measure supported by the unit sphere 𝕊n−1 in ℝn and absolutely continuous with respect to the natural measure on 𝕊n−1 is entirely determined by the restriction of its Fourier transform to a sphere of radius r if and only 2πr is not a zero of any Bessel function Jd+(n−2)/2 with d a nonnegative integer.
13.—Sea-floor Sediment Mapping by Sonar Methods
Authors: Chesterman W. Deryck 
Published: December 2011

SynopsisA system is described which produces true-to-scale sonar maps of the sediment patterns on the seabed of the Continental Shelf waters. Correction is made for the speed of the ship over ground, and the 'drift angle' of the sonar beam during passage from one station to another. Work at sea has been extended to water depths of 250 metres, and the technique has been widely used for cable route surveys.
On signs of Fourier coefficients of cusp forms
Authors: MATOMÄKI KAISA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe consider two problems concerning signs of Fourier coefficients of classical modular forms, or equivalently Hecke eigenvalues: first, we give an upper bound for the size of the first sign-change of Hecke eigenvalues in terms of conductor and weight; second, we investigate to what extent the signs of Fourier coefficients determine an unique modular form. In both cases we improve recent results of Kowalski, Lau, Soundararajan and Wu. A part of the paper is also devoted to generalized rearrangement inequalities which are utilized in an alternative treatment of the second question.
Evidence of Metapopulation Dynamics in Shortnose Sturgeon in the Southern Part of Their Range
Authors: Peterson Douglas L. , Farrae Daniel J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum is one of the most endangered members of the sturgeon family because of overexploitation, depressed population levels, and a shrinking range. The lack of historical data on shortnose sturgeon populations has led to an increase in sturgeon research over the last three decades; however, most recent studies have not focused on southern populations. The objective of this study was to estimate the abundance, annual survival, and temporary emigration rates of shortnose sturgeon in the Ogeechee River, Georgia. Shortnose sturgeon were captured with gill and trammel nets for a mark–recapture analysis from 1 June to 31 August in each of the 3 years from 2007 to 2009. Over the three summers of sampling, we conducted a total of 864 net sets and captured 168 individual shortnose sturgeon with an additional 51 recaptures. Our analysis revealed that the best‐fitting robust design population models incorporated interactions among water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and total effort in which capture and recapture probabilities were set equal and temporary emigration parameters were set to zero or held constant. Abundance estimates (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 404 (175–633), 264 (126–402), and 203 (32–446) individual sturgeon for 2007, 2008, and 2009, respectively. Population parameter estimates of annual survival and temporary emigration, combined with documented emigration and immigration of tagged individuals to and from the adjacent Altamaha River, provided evidence that the Ogeechee River stock is not discrete but possibly a metapopulation with the Altamaha River.
Estimating Genetic Composition in Introgressed Largemouth Bass Populations: Does Age Matter?
Authors: Dumont Spencer C. , Lutz-Carrillo Dijar J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In estimating population-level introgression for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides populations, it is unclear which age-class, if any, is most appropriate to sample and what biases may be introduced by the sampling of specific age-classes. Estimates of introgression between Florida largemouth bass M. salmoides floridanus and northern largemouth bass M. salmoides salmoides in six populations were made based on seven microsatellite loci from different age-classes and combinations of age-classes. Levels of introgression were not significantly different for 40 of 42 pairwise age-class comparisons within reservoirs or for five of six comparisons between age-0 fish and adults. In addition, measures of precision based on each estimate were similar within reservoirs. These results suggest that age-0 largemouth bass samples can be used to make accurate and precise estimates of introgression at the population level. However, these results also suggest that alternate year-classes or combinations of year-classes with or without the inclusion of age-0 samples are equally suitable for estimating introgression at the population level. Thus, the selection of specific age-classes to be sampled for estimating introgression in largemouth bass populations should be based on the efficiency with which the age-classes can be collected.
Received February 15, 2010; accepted November 17, 2010
An Application of Behavioral Modeling to Characterize Urban Angling Decisions and Values
Authors: Bingham Matthew F. , Li Zhimin , Mathews Kristy E. , Spagnardi Colleen M. , Whaley Jennifer S. , Veale Sara G. , Kinnell Jason C. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Although many recreational anglers reside in urban areas, important policy questions, such as how to optimally improve urban shorelines and increase urban angler participation rates, are unresolved. This article presents an econometric model that quantifies the relationships between site quality, angler characteristics, and urban angling behavior in five northeastern New Jersey counties. The model employed (repeated nested logit) is prominent in the environmental economics literature but has not to our knowledge been applied to urban fishery management. The results indicate that the repeated nested logit can effectively characterize urban anglers’ site choices, participation rates, and resource values. The article presents two models whose differences highlight considerations in modeling urban angling behavior. The first includes variables typically found in recreational-fishing, site-choice models. The second (and preferred) model includes variables that more appropriately characterize urban angling. This model predicts approximately 2,341,000 total annual trips. Adding a fishing site in a centrally located but industrial area (Newark) generates direct economic benefits to recreational anglers that are estimated at US$101,179 per year. The new site is expected to draw 1,571 trips annually. Of these trips, 154 are new and 1,417 are diverted from other sites. Adding a new site with similar characteristics on the same water body in a less industrial area (Garfield) generates estimated direct benefits of $312,419 per year. This new site draws an expected 14,814 trips annually. Of these trips, 247 arise from increased angling rates and 14,567 are diverted from other sites. These results illustrate the usefulness of this modeling approach for assessing management objectives. For example, a manager hoping to increase angling participation might prefer the Newark project if it could be completed at half the price; a manager intending to maximize social benefits or reduce pressure at other sites would pay a substantial premium for the Garfield project.
Received November 3, 2009; accepted December 30, 2010