bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worldly leadership: challenging the hegemony of Western business education
Authors: Turnbull Sharon 
Published: October 2011

PurposeLeadership theories that inform business education have largely been rooted in Western conceptions of leadership. The purpose of this paper is to report on research that seeks to uncover and reflect on how leadership wisdoms originating beyond the Western world can support the radical transformation of global business education toward a more responsible and sustainable template. It argues that indigenous and Eastern ideologies will be needed if we are to change educational mindsets and challenge the obsolete model of Western business school education.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 45 in‐depth interviews with leaders from indigenous and non‐Western cultures were conducted in order to gain deep insights into how their leadership identities, values and behaviours have been shaped by their societies and the oral wisdoms in their cultures. The author also draws on interviews and observations of 26 executives participating in a class of the International Masters Programme in Practicing Management. The findings from each study were combined to propose how these might challenge and inform a future business school curricula that challenge its orthodoxy of “shareholder value above all else”.FindingsThe research identified a number of embedded leadership wisdoms currently overlooked in the current model of business education. Based within a deep‐rooted ethic of responsibility, conviction, stewardship and sustainability and reflecting a cosmopolitan mindset, the critical knowledge and values embedded in indigenous communities, transmitted orally across many generations, provides a challenge to Western business schools to embed the knowledge found within those societies and communities toward a more sustainable response to the crisis of our planet. Responsibility, humanity, benevolence, trusteeship, contribution, honesty and conviction are some of the core “wisdoms” uncovered in the research that can inform and frame a radical rethink of the norms of business school curricula.Originality/valueThe current model of business education preserves the status quo of twenty‐first century capitalism. As globalisation advances, leaders appear to be powerless to act against a dominant ideology that reveres shareholder value above all else. The research builds on De Woot's critique of the shareholder value paradigm to suggest that a new form of business education based on leadership wisdoms in indigenous and oral cultures, and ancient texts has much to contribute to radical mindset change in business education.
“Ignorance was bliss, now I'm not ignorant and that is far more difficult”
Authors: Parkes Carole , Blewitt John 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe collapse of world economic systems brought the interconnectedness between business and global events sharply into focus. As Starkey points out: “leading business schools need to overcome their fascination with a particular form of finance and economics […] to broaden their intellectual horizons […] (and to) look at the lessons of history and other disciplines”. The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence from three years of research on the Aston MBA suggesting that an emphasis on developing capabilities within a far broader, connected and reflexive business curriculum is what business students and practitioners now recognise as an essential way forward for responsible management education.Design/methodology/approachThis research paper examines the reflective accounts of 300 MBA students undertaking a transdisciplinary Business Ethics, Responsibility and Sustainability core module.FindingsAs Klein argues, transdisciplinarity is simultaneously an attitude and a form of action. The student reflections provide powerful discourses of individual learning and report a range of outcomes from finding “the vocabulary or the confidence” to raise issues to acting as “change agents” in the workplace.Originality/valueAs responsibility and sustainability requires learners, researchers and educators to engage with real world complexity, uncertainty and risk, conventional disciplinary study, especially within business, often proves inadequate and partial. This paper demonstrates that creative and exploratory frames need to be developed to facilitate the development of more connected knowledge – informed by multiple stakeholders, able to contribute heterogeneous skills, perspectives and expertise.
Playing by the rules… but which ones?
Authors: Senaux Benoît 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the increasing commercialisation of professional football in France, and its implications for clubs’ governance and management.Design/methodology/approachA historical analysis using a narrative approach based on historical data from various sources, will allow for identifying the emergence of and shifts in institutional logics. Due to the role of the state in the subject in question, particular attention was paid to parliamentary documents.FindingsRather than replacing the former logic, a new commercial logic coexists alongside this, leading to institutional pluralism.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper outlines the governance implications of institutional pluralism of football clubs; thus opening up new perspectives for future research on clubs’ governance. It does not, however, provide a response to these implications and therefore further research is needed to analyse how clubs’ managers can shape organisational identity and make it more consistent.Practical implicationsGovernance and management issues in football might be explained by the multiple logics clubs are facing. Football clubs’ managers thus need to take these logics into account when addressing their key stakeholders, and have to work on shaping a consistent organisational identity.Originality/valueThis article is original in that it analyses the commercialisation of football as a move towards a more complex institutional pluralism, rather than a change in the dominant logic. This perspective is valuable for managers because it helps them to identify the levers they should work on to better manage clubs’ stakeholders. It is also useful for academics in terms of opening up new ways to conceive clubs’ governance.
Memorization of sport sponsorship activities: the case of the German Bundesliga
Authors: Breuer Christoph , Rumpf Christopher 
Published: October 2011

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact on consumers' memory for sponsor brands while watching sport broadcasts as a function of TV exposure and brand preconditions.Design/methodology/approachA quasi‐experimental lab study was conducted to detect the drivers of sponsor memorization during German Bundesliga TV broadcasts.FindingsThe accurate memorization depends on both exposure variables and sponsor brand preconditions. While the quantity of exposure produces additional recall the amount of on screen clutter significantly affects memory in a negative direction. Brand familiarity and previous brand purchase behavior also influence recall probability.Research limitations/implicationsIn order to develop the research further, the sample size should be extended to represent various customer segments. Moreover, this research has a focus on football, therefore it would be interesting to investigate if the same effects hold true for other sports.Practical implicationsCounting seconds of logo exposure and combining these with audience reach too narrowly considers the complexity of sponsorship evaluation. Marketing managers also need to take into account the amount of clutter on screen, i.e. the number of competing sponsors, as well as their brand preconditions.Originality/valueMost research on sponsor memorization has been conducted in the field, lacking control for the independent exposure measures. Within this study, the impact of refined exposure variables was tested in a controlled lab setting.
Evidence for xylem embolism as a primary factor in dehydration‐induced declines in leaf hydraulic conductance
Authors: JOHNSON DANIEL M. , MCCULLOH KATHERINE A. , WOODRUFF DAVID R. , MEINZER FREDERICK C. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTHydraulic conductance of leaves (Kleaf) typically decreases with increasing water stress and recent studies have proposed different mechanisms responsible for decreasing Kleaf. We measured Kleaf concurrently with ultrasonic acoustic emissions (UAEs) in dehydrating leaves of several species to determine whether declining Kleaf was associated with xylem embolism. In addition, we performed experiments in which the surface tension of water in the leaf xylem was reduced by using a surfactant solution. Finally, we compared the hydraulic vulnerability of entire leaves with the leaf lamina in three species.Leaf hydraulic vulnerability based on rehydration kinetics and UAE was very similar, except in Quercus garryana. However, water potentials corresponding to the initial decline in Kleaf and the onset of UAE in Q. garryana were similar. In all species tested, reducing the surface tension of water caused Kleaf to decline at less negative water potentials compared with leaves supplied with water. Microscopy revealed that as the fraction of embolized xylem increased, Kleaf declined sharply in Q. garryana. Measurements on leaf discs revealed that reductions in lamina hydraulic conductance with dehydration were not as great as those observed in intact leaves, suggesting that embolism was the primary mechanism for reductions in Kleaf during dehydration.
Phylogeny and immune evasion: a putative correlation for cerebral Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium infections*
Authors: Rainer Johannes , Rambach Günter , Kaltseis Josef , Hagleitner Magdalena , Heiss Silvia , Speth Cornelia 
Published: October 2011

SummaryRepresentatives of the genus Pseudallescheria (anamorph: Scedosporium) are saprobes and the aetiologic agent of invasive mycosis in humans. After dissemination, the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most affected organs. Prerequisites for the survival of Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium in the host are the ability to acquire nutrients and to evade the immune attack. The cleavage of complement compounds via the secretion of fungal proteases might meet both challenges since proteolytic degradation of proteins can provide nutrients and destroy the complement factors, a fast and effective immune weapon in the CNS. Therefore, we studied the capacity of different Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium species to degrade key elements of the complement cascade in the cerebrospinal fluid and investigated a correlation with the phylogenetic background. The majority of the Pseudallescheria apiosperma isolates tested were demonstrated to efficiently eliminate proteins like complement factors C3 and C1q, thus affecting two main components of a functional complement cascade, presumably by proteolytic degradation, and using them as nutrient source. In contrast, the tested strains of Pseudallescheria boydii have no or only weak capacity to eliminate these complement proteins. We hypothesise that the ability of Pseudallescheria/Scedosporium strains to acquire nutrients and to undermine the complement attack is at least partly phylogenetically determined.
Effects of oxygenation and luminal flow on human placenta chorionic plate blood vessel function
Authors: Wareing Mark 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  The human fetoplacental vasculature has been suggested to be a low resistance/high flow system, but the mechanisms by which this state is achieved are unclear.Methods:  This study assessed the effects of intraluminal flow and local oxygenation on isolated human placental chorionic plate arteries and veins at term using pressure myography.Results:  Chorionic plate arteries and veins exhibit myogenic tone. A small but significant arterial vasodilatation was observed following exposure to hypoxia; chorionic plate veins contracted to a similar hypoxic stimulus. Under physiological conditions of pressure and oxygenation, increased luminal flow induced contraction in both chorionic plate arteries and veins. [Correction added after online publication 15th November 2011: ‘induced vasodilatation’ has been changed to ‘induced contraction’]Conclusions:  Human fetoplacental vascular tone can be manipulated by local physical factors.
Development of a scale for pregnancy‐related discomforts
Authors: Shinkawa Haruko , Shimada Mieko , Hirokane Kazue , Hayase Mako , Inui Tsubura 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this study was to develop a new scale of pregnancy‐related discomforts for evaluating expectant women's psychosomatic states during each trimester.Methods:  The study population comprised 786 expectant women (response rate: 38.2%) who underwent antenatal examinations in 13 hospitals located in eight regions of Japan. Respondents answered questions about the incidence of 95 well‐known symptoms related to pregnancy. Responses were divided into three groups based on the gestational period. Three scales were then prepared based on item and factor analyses, and reliability and validity were confirmed.Results:  The resultant global scales for the first, second, and third trimester consisted of 15, 13, and 13 items, respectively. The three global scales could be divided into three, three, and two subscales, respectively. The reliability coefficients of the global and subscales were 0.7 or more. Validity was confirmed by the conventional group method.Conclusions:  This is the first study to develop scales for pregnancy‐related discomforts in Japanese women in order to evaluate psychosomatic states during each trimester of pregnancy. Because the number of scale items had decreased by more than half as compared to previous scales, this new, more feasible scale may be useful in clinical settings.
Antenatal sonographic features of ileal atresia
Authors: Jo Yun Sung , Jang Dong Gyu , Nam Sun Young , Choi Sae Kyung , Shin Jong Chul , Lee Guisera 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim:  The purpose of this study was to determine the antenatal sonographic features of ileal atresia.Material and Methods:  We identified neonates with surgically‐confirmed ileal atresia who had antenatal sonography performed in our institution between 1 January 1999 and 30 June 2009. The antenatal sonography images and reports were reviewed.Results:  Sixteen neonates had surgically‐confirmed ileal atresia in our institution in 11 years. Seven fetuses (43.7%) did not have any intestinal abnormalities detected antenatally on ultrasonography. Nine fetuses (56.3%) had various sonographic features of ileal atresia, including multiple dilated bowel loops, ascites, cysts, and polyhydramnios with or without associated anomalies. Six of nine fetuses had multiple dilated bowel loops and two fetuses had ascites. One fetus had a large, cystic, mixed, echogenic dilatation of bowel. Polyhydramnios was present in three fetuses. Heart anomalies, kidney anomalies, or hydrops were present in four fetuses. Eight of 16 fetuses (50%) had other intestinal problems, including intussusceptions in one fetus, small bowel malrotation, meconium pseudocyst volvulus, meconium peritonitis, and a congenital band.Conclusion:  The prenatal sonographic features of ileal atresia are not simple. Various sonographic findings are shown and ileal atresia was detected in about 60% of cases.
Is 30‐day mortality an appropriate measure of risk in elderly patients undergoing elective colorectal resection?
Authors: Mamidanna R. , Almoudaris A. M. , Faiz O. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim  The study aimed to define mortality in the elderly following elective colorectal resection and to identify the most meaningful postoperative period to report mortality rates in this group of patients.Method  A systematic review was undertaken to identify studies that reported on mortality in the elderly following elective colorectal resection. Searches of MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed databases were carried out by two independent reviewers and the results were collated. Two reviewers conducted literature searches independently and the third reviewer acted as an arbiter in case of discordance.Results  Two‐hundred and thirty‐six studies published in 2000 or later were identified in the search. Studies were excluded if they included emergency surgery, included patients receiving surgery before 1995, or did not comment on mortality in an elderly age group. Seventeen studies were finally included in the review. Thirty‐day or postoperative mortality rates varied from 0 to 13.3%. Short‐term mortality was low in elderly patients selected for minimal access surgery. National population and registry observational audits reported higher short‐term mortality rates than most small case series or cohort studies. One national audit demonstrated that a significant mortality risk persists for up to 1 year after surgery.Conclusion  Historical case series suggest that 30‐day mortality following colorectal resection in the elderly is low. The reliability of 30‐day mortality measures to reflect surgical success in this cohort is, however, questionable as a significant proportion of patients die in the months following surgery.
Utility of desmoglein ELISA in the clinical correlation and disease monitoring of pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Anand V. , Khandpur S. , Sharma V.K. , Sharma A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackground  Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a relatively common autoimmune blistering disease in India. Recently, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test against desmoglein1 (Dsg 1) and desmoglein3 (Dsg 3) has been developed, which is found to be highly sensitive and specific.Objective  To assess the utility of ELISA for monitoring the disease of PV.Methods  Serum samples from 63 active PV patients were tested for anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 using ELISA. They were tested for anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 reactivity before treatment. The test was performed during remission period and after relapse using commercially available ELISA kit.Results  Both anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 levels were found to be raised in PV patients. Thirty‐eight patients went on remission during treatment phase with mean anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 values, 13.18 U/mL and 18.89 U/mL respectively. Difference of baseline from remission was found to be significant (P < 0.001). Of these, 23 patients relapsed either during treatment phase or after stoppage of therapy and their mean anti‐Dsg1 and anti‐Dsg3 titres were 39.49 U/mL and 96.99 U/mL respectively. Difference of remission from relapse was also found to be significant (P < 0.001). The 50 U/mL cut‐off for anti‐Dsg1 ELISA provided 73.91% sensitivity and 72.5% specificity respectively. The 98.57 U/mL cut‐off for anti‐Dsg3 provided 82.61% sensitivity and 82.5% specificity respectively.Conclusion  ELISA is less time consuming, less expensive and a potential diagnostic test for PV. It is also highly sensitive and specific test for Indian patients in whom the mean anti‐Dsg titres are raised.
The relationship between DNA methylation and telomere length in dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Katki Hormuzd A. , Shebl Fatma M. , Giri Neelam , Alter Blanche P. , Savage Sharon A. 
Published: October 2011

SummaryThe regulation of telomere length (TL) is a complex process, requiring the telomerase enzyme complex and numerous regulatory proteins. Epigenetic regulation may also be important in telomere maintenance. Specifically, methylation at subtelomeres is associated with changes in TL in vitro and in mouse models. Dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by exceedingly short telomeres and mutations in telomere biology genes. To understand the interaction between methylation and TL in humans, we measured LINE‐1, pericentromeric (NBL2), and subtelomeric (D4Z4) methylation in peripheral blood DNA derived from 40 patients with DC and 51 mutation‐negative relatives. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between age‐standardized lymphocyte TL measured by flow FISH and % DNA methylation. No differences in % subtelomeric, LINE‐1, or pericentromeric methylation between patients with DC and relatives were noted except for an increase in % subtelomeric methylation in DC patients with a telomerase‐complex mutation (TERC, TERT, DKC1, or TCAB1) (63.0% in DC vs. 61.8% in relatives, P = 0.03). Positive correlations between TL and DNA methylation at LINE‐1 (r = 0.39, P = 0.01) and subtelomeric (r = 0.32, P = 0.05) sites were present in patients with DC. The positive correlation between TL and % LINE‐1 methylation was restricted to TINF2 mutations. In contrast, statistically nonsignificant inverse correlations between TL and % LINE‐1 (r = −0.17), subtelomeric (r = −0.20) were present in unaffected relatives. This study suggests an interaction between TL and both subtelomeric and LINE‐1 methylation, which may be altered based on mutation status of telomere biology genes.
Third‐year Medical Student Rotations in Emergency Medicine: A Survey of Current Practices
Authors: Mulcare Mary R. , Suh Edward Hyun , Tews Matthew , Swan‐Sein Aubrie , Pandit Kiran 
Published: October 2011

Academic Emergency Medicine 2011; 18:S41–S47 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Exposure to emergency medicine (EM) is a crucial aspect of medical student education, yet one that is historically absent from third‐year medical student training. There are limited data describing the existing third‐year rotations. The goal of this study is to identify the content and structure of current EM rotations specific to third‐year students.Methods:  An institutional review board–approved survey of clerkship characteristics was designed by consensus opinion of clerkship directors (CDs). The survey was distributed to 32 CDs at institutions with known EM clerkships involving third‐year students.Results:  Twenty‐three (72%) CDs responded to the survey. Sixty‐five percent have rotations designed specifically for third‐year students, of which 33% are required clerkships. Twenty‐seven percent of rotations have prerequisite rotations; 37% of rotations include shifts in the pediatric ED. Clinical time averages four 8‐hour shifts per week for 4 weeks; all rotations include weekly didactic time specific to third‐year students. A wide variety of textbooks are used; some programs employ simulation labs. Two‐thirds of the rotations have a required write‐up or presentation; 53% include a final exam. Student evaluations are written and verbal. Most rotations receive more support from the EM departments than from the medical schools for physical space, administrative needs, and faculty time. Among those surveyed, students from institutions requiring a third‐year EM rotation have a higher rate of application to EM residencies.Conclusions:  There is variability in the content and structure of existing third‐year EM rotations, as well as in financial and administrative needs and support. These data can help to inform CDs and departments that are starting or modifying EM third‐year rotations, as well as contribute to the development of curricula for such rotations.