bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive Loss of Lymphatic Vessels in Skin of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: MANETTI MIRKO , MILIA ANNA FRANCA , GUIDUCCI SERENA , ROMANO ELOISA , MATUCCI-CERINIC MARCO , IBBA-MANNESCHI LIDIA 
Published: November 2010

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by microvascular and fibrotic changes in the skin and internal organs. The role of blood vessel dysfunction in the pathogenesis of SSc has been extensively investigated, but few studies have addressed the involvement of the lymphatic vascular system. Our aim was to evaluate dermal lymphatic vessels in patients with SSc according to different phases of skin involvement.Methods.Skin biopsies were obtained from the forearm of 25 SSc patients (10 early/15 late-stage disease) and 13 healthy controls. Skin sections were immunostained for podoplanin (D2-40), which is selectively expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells, and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Lymphatic vessels were counted in the papillary and reticular dermis. Data were analyzed using Student’s t test.Results.The number of lymphatic vessels was significantly reduced in the papillary and reticular dermis of SSc patients compared with controls. In early SSc, lymphatic vessel counts were not different from controls in the papillary dermis, and showed a trend toward a reduction in the reticular dermis. In late SSc, a significant reduction in lymphatic vessels compared with controls was found in both the papillary and reticular dermis. The number of lymphatic vessels in the papillary dermis of late SSc was significantly lower than in early SSc.Conclusion.In SSc, lymphatic microangiopathy is linked to the progression of skin involvement. The progressive disappearance of lymphatic vessels may have a critical pathogenetic role in the progression of SSc from an early edematous phase to overt fibrosis.
Regard sociologique sur l'oligarchie
Authors: Bourdeau Vincent , Flory Julienne , Maric Michel 
Published: November 2010

Résumé À l’occasion de la sortie de leur dernier ouvrage Le président des riches (aux Éditions Zones/ La Découverte, 2010) Mouvements a rencontré les sociologues Monique Pinçon-Charlot et Michel Pinçon. Le parcours de ces deux chercheurs, anciennement rattachés au Centre de sociologie urbaine (CNRS), a été marqué par le choix d’un objet, au début des années 1980 : la haute bourgeoisie et l’aristocratie parisiennes. Au départ, comme ils nous l’indiquent dans l’entretien, il s’agissait d’étudier les stratégies spatiales de la bourgeoisie, comment certains quartiers se voyaient peu à peu dotés de murs symboliques (propreté, belles voitures et demeures, habitants soigneusement vêtus inhibent toute velléité de flânerie dans les beaux quartiers) et matériels (le prix du m 2 ) au point de devenir de véritables « ghettos », même si réservés au « Gotha » (comme le suggérait le titre d’un de leurs ouvrages de 2007). Peu à peu c’est l’ensemble des habitus de la grande bourgeoisie qui ont été décortiqués au fil d’une œuvre qui ne compte pas moins de 10 ouvrages consacrés au sujet. Peut-être plus polémique dans son style que leurs précédents ouvrages, Le Président des riches permet de comprendre les rouages d’un système – l’oligarchie – qui s’est mis au service des classes les plus aisées de notre société. La haute bourgeoisie et l’aristocratie seraient ainsi le dernier groupe social à manifester un fonctionnement de classe, d’une classe consciente non seulement de ce qu’elle est, mais aussi des intérêts qu’elle doit défendre pour se maintenir comme telle.
Responsabilité individuelle et justice sociale
Authors: Spitz Jean-Fabien 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Qu’est-ce qui peut justifier la présence d’inégalités dans une société juste ? Le débat, en théorie politique ces dernières années, a mis en avant l’idée que les inégalités dues au hasard, relevant moins des choix des individus que du contexte dans lequel ces derniers se déterminent à agir, devaient être ciblées exclusivement afin de ne plus laisser s’exprimer que des formes d’inégalités méritées, dues aux efforts (ou non-efforts) des uns et des autres. Jean-Fabien Spitz plaide, au contraire, pour une approche de la responsabilité déconnectée de la question de l’auteur de l’action et rattachée à un point de vue moins individuel que social sur la justice, à partir duquel devraient se déterminer les manières dont nous voulons nous traiter les uns les autres lorsque nous agissons dans le cadre d’une société juste. L’égalité que l’on doit viser est ainsi moins une égalité des chances, qu’une égalité de traitement excluant toute forme de domination, dans tous les lieux et tous les temps de nos existences.
Misère, inégalités sociales et étatisme marchand
Authors: Bayon Denis 
Published: November 2010

Résumé L’approche « décroissante », aussi multiple soit-elle dans ses formulations, a mauvaise presse. Denis Bayon revient sur la signification du terme et suggère qu’entre une option « décroissante » qui peut paraître utopique et l’ensemble des mesures de sortie de crise qui s’appuient sur les institutions de la croissance, tout simplement chimériques, nous n’avons guère d’options possibles pour assurer à tous un accès à une vie préservée des nuisances écologiques et des inégalités matérielles les plus criantes.
Richesse, égalité, fiscalité : de la justice sociale à la transformation de nos modes de vie
Authors: Bourdeau Vincent , Flipo Fabrice , Maric Michel 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Mouvements a voulu réunir des chercheurs et militants qui partagent un même constat alarmiste à la fois sur l’état des inégalités en France et dans le monde et sur l’émergence d’une nouvelle caste de rentiers dont l’existence inattendue dans le contexte de crise économique et environnementale que nous connaissons. Des chercheurs et des militants qui tentent d’élaborer, chacun à leur manière, des outils pour mieux définir la richesse, l’égalité et une fiscalité juste. Jean Gadrey s’est longuement penché sur l’évolution de nos sociétés industrielles vers des économies de services, à partir d’une approche socio-économique. Il a par ailleurs été l’un des premiers en France à réfléchir sur les limites des indicateurs économiques classiques, suggérant d’autres pistes pour évaluer la richesse. À ce titre, il a été membre de la Commission Stiglitz, tout comme Marc Fleurbaey. Ce dernier a publié de nombreux articles et plusieurs ouvrages sur les questions de justice sociale et de redistribution. Vincent Drezet est l’auteur de nombreux écrits plaidant pour une plus grande justice fiscale, dont il y a quelques mois Pour un « Big Bang fiscal » (Éditions Le Bord de l’eau / Attac) et en octobre 2010, en collaboration avec Liêm Hoang-Ngoc, Il faut faire payer les riches ! (Éditions du Seuil). Ils ont tous les trois accepté de réagir aux questions soulevées dans notre dossier, au cours d’une discussion qui a cherché à dresser le plus précisément possible un tableau de la situation actuelle mais aussi à dessiner des pistes pour en sortir.
La fragilité de la réalité
Authors: Rennes Juliette , Susen Simon 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Luc Boltanski, sociologue, est directeur d’études à l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales. Né en 1940, il est l’auteur d’une quinzaine d’ouvrages qui, tout en s’appuyant sur des terrains d’enquête variés – de la puériculture à l’engendrement et l’avortement, en passant par le monde professionnel des cadres, l’humanitaire ou le management — n’en sont pas moins liés par des questions transversales. L’analyse des dispositifs normatifs mobilisés par les acteurs pour faire « tenir » la réalité sociale ou la mettre en cause fait partie des fils conducteurs de sa sociologie. Si les outils d’analyse qu’il a contribué à forger pour mener ces enquêtes ont profondément marqué la sociologie de ces vingt dernières années, ces outils évoluent plus vite que ce que l’on retient généralement du « tournant pragmatique ». Et c’est une trajectoire sociologique tissée de doutes, de remises en cause méthodologiques et de petits virages théoriques, que nous livre ici ce sociologue sensible aux bricolages et aux « incertitudes de la vie sociale ».
Le débat télévisé comme performance collective : l'exemple de Mots Croisés
Authors: Villeneuve Gaël 
Published: November 2010

Résumé Connaître et comprendre les émissions télévisuelles de débat de l’intérieur, c’est ce que nous propose de faire dans cet article Gaël Villeneuve. En analysant le fonctionnement interne de l’émission Mots Croisés, l’auteur nous donne à voir ce que le téléspectateur ne peut pas distinguer devant son écran. Qui sont les personnes invitées au débat ? Comment est organisée une émission « en directe » ? Voici l’envers du décor.
The Chemorepellent Slit3 Promotes Monocyte Migration
Authors: Geutskens Sacha B. , Hordijk Peter L. , van Hennik Paula B. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDirectional migration is an essential step for monocytes to infiltrate sites of inflammation, a process primarily regulated by chemoattractants. Slits are large matrix proteins that are secreted by endothelial cells; they were reported to inhibit the chemoattractant-induced migration of different cell types, including leukocytes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Slit3 on primary monocyte migration and to address the underlying mechanisms. We show that Roundabout (Robo)1, one of the Robo receptors that recognize Slit3, is the only Robo homolog expressed by CD14+ monocytes. Interestingly, we found that stimulation with Slit3 increased the spontaneous and chemoattractant-induced migration of primary monocytes in vitro and increased the myeloid cell recruitment during peritoneal inflammation in vivo. In addition, Slit3 did not seem to act as a chemoattractant itself; it promoted directed migration triggered by chemoattractants, such as CXCL12, by inducing a chemokinetic effect. We further show that Slit3 prevented monocyte spreading and induced rounding of spread monocytes without affecting monocyte adhesion. Stimulation with Slit3 was not associated with changes in the levels of phosphorylated p38, p42/p44, or Src, known regulators of monocyte migration, but it directly acts on molecular pathways involved in basal leukocyte migration by activating RhoA. These findings show an unexpected response of monocytes to Slit3 and add insights into the possible role of Slit proteins during inflammatory cell recruitment.
On/Off TLR Signaling Decides Proinflammatory or Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell Maturation upon CD1d-Mediated Interaction with Invariant NKT Cells
Authors: Caielli Simone , Conforti-Andreoni Cristina , Di Pietro Caterina , Usuelli Vera , Badami Ester , Malosio Maria Luisa , Falcone Marika 
Published: November 2010

AbstractInvariant NKT (iNKT) cells play an effector/adjuvant function during antimicrobial and antitumoral immunity and a regulatory role to induce immune tolerance and prevent autoimmunity. iNKT cells that differentially modulate adaptive immunity do not bear a unique phenotype and/or specific cytokine secretion profile, thus opening questions on how a single T cell subset can exert opposite immunological tasks. In this study, we show that iNKT cells perform their dual roles through a single mechanism of action relying on the cognate interaction with myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and leading to opposite effects depending on the presence of other maturation stimuli simultaneously acting on DCs. The contact of murine purified iNKT cells with immature autologous DCs directly triggers the tolerogenic maturation of DCs, rendering them able to induce regulatory T cell differentiation and prevent autoimmune diabetes in vivo. Conversely, the interaction of the same purified iNKT cells with DCs, in the presence of simultaneous TLR4 stimulation, significantly enhances proinflammatory DC maturation and IL-12 secretion. The different iNKT cell effects are mediated through distinct mechanisms and activation of different molecular pathways within the DC: CD1d signaling and activation of the ERK1/2 pathway for the tolerogenic action, and CD40–CD40L interaction and NF-κB activation for the adjuvant effect. Our data suggest that the DC decision to undergo proinflammatory or tolerogenic maturation results from the integration of different signals received at the time of iNKT cell contact and could have important therapeutic implications for exploiting iNKT cell adjuvant/regulatory properties in autoimmune diseases, infections, and cancer.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis of EBV-Transformed B Cells by Cross-Linking of CD70 Is Dependent upon Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Activation of p38 MAPK and JNK Pathway
Authors: Park Ga Bin , Kim Yeong Seok , Lee Hyun-Kyung , Song Hyunkeun , Cho Dae-Ho , Lee Wang Jae , Hur Dae Young 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
CD70 is expressed in normal activated immune cells as well as in several types of tumors. It has been established that anti-CD70 mAb induces complement-dependent death of CD70+ tumor cells, but how anti-CD70 mAb affects the intrinsic signaling is poorly defined. In this report, we show that ligation of CD70 expressed on EBV-transformed B cells using anti-CD70 mAb induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent apoptosis. We observed an early expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response genes that preceded the release of apoptotic molecules from the mitochondria and the cleavage of caspases. CD70-induced apoptosis was inhibited by pretreatment with the ER stress inhibitor salubrinal, ROS quencher N-acetylcysteine, and Ca2+ chelator BAPTA. We supposed that ROS generation might be the first event of CD70-induced apoptosis because N-acetylcysteine blocked increases of ROS and Ca2+, but BAPTA did not block ROS generation. We also found that CD70 stimulation activated JNK and p38 MAPK. JNK inhibitor SP600125 and p38 inhibitor SB203580 effectively blocked upregulation of ER stress-related genes and cleavage of caspases. Inhibition of ROS generation completely blocked phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK and induction of ER stress-related genes. Taken together, we concluded that cross-linking of CD70 on EBV-transformed B cells triggered ER stress-mediated apoptosis via ROS generation and JNK and p38 MAPK pathway activation. Our report reveals alternate mechanisms of direct apoptosis through CD70 signaling and provides data supporting CD70 as a viable target for an Ab-based therapy against EBV-related tumors.
Leptin Modulates the Survival of Autoreactive CD4+ T Cells through the Nutrient/Energy-Sensing Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Galgani Mario , Procaccini Claudio , De Rosa Veronica , Carbone Fortunata , Chieffi Paolo , La Cava Antonio , Matarese Giuseppe 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChronic inflammation can associate with autoreactive immune responses, including CD4+ T cell responses to self-Ags. In this paper, we show that the adipocyte-derived proinflammatory hormone leptin can affect the survival and proliferation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of human multiple sclerosis. We found that myelin olygodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35–55 (MOG35–55)-specific CD4+ T cells from C57BL/6J wild-type mice could not transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis into leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Such a finding was associated with a reduced proliferation of the transferred MOG35–55-reactive CD4+ T cells, which had a reduced degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The transferred cells displayed reduced Th1/Th17 responses and reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity. Moreover, MOG35–55-reactive CD4+ T cells in ob/ob mice underwent apoptosis that associated with a downmodulation of Bcl-2. Similar results were observed in transgenic AND-TCR- mice carrying a TCR specific for the pigeon cytochrome c 88–104 peptide. These molecular events reveal a reduced activity of the nutrient/energy-sensing AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, which can be restored in vivo by exogenous leptin replacement. These results may help to explain a link between chronic inflammation and autoimmune T cell reactivity.
Cutting Edge: Hierarchy of Maturity of Murine Memory B Cell Subsets
Authors: Tomayko Mary M. , Steinel Natalie C. , Anderson Shannon M. , Shlomchik Mark J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The paucity of murine memory B cell markers has been a significant impediment to the study of memory. The most commonly used marker is IgG, which is neither sensitive nor specific, because activated nonmemory cells can be IgG+, and memory cells can be IgM+. In this article, we show that, together, PD-L2 (CD273), CD80, and CD73 define at least five phenotypic subsets of murine memory B cells. These subsets are generated from naive cells bearing a single BCR in response to a single T-dependent Ag. This diversity is independent of class switch, because IgG1- and IgM-bearing memory cells are found within each compartment. Memory subsets defined by PD-L2, CD80, and CD73 are biologically distinct from one another, because they differ in ontogeny and selection. Together, these distinctions suggest that there is a spectrum of memory B cells and progressive acquisition from more naive-like to more memory-like properties.
Occupancy of Lymphocyte LFA-1 by Surface-Immobilized ICAM-1 Is Critical for TCR- but Not for Chemokine-Triggered LFA-1 Conversion to an Open Headpiece High-Affinity State
Authors: Feigelson Sara W. , Pasvolsky Ronit , Cemerski Saso , Shulman Ziv , Grabovsky Valentin , Ilani Tal , Sagiv Adi , Lemaitre Fabrice , Laudanna Carlo , Shaw Andrey S. , Alon Ronen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLymphocyte arrest and spreading on ICAM-1–expressing APCs require activation of lymphocyte LFA-1 by TCR signals, but the conformational switches of this integrin during these critical processes are still elusive. Using Ab probes that distinguish between different LFA-1 conformations, we found that, unlike strong chemokine signals, potent TCR stimuli were insufficient to trigger LFA-1 extension or headpiece opening in primary human lymphocytes. Nevertheless, LFA-1 in these TCR-stimulated T cells became highly adhesive to both anchored and mobile surface-bound ICAM-1, although it failed to bind soluble ICAM-1 with measurable affinity. Rapid rearrangement of LFA-1 by immobilized ICAM-1 switched the integrin to an open headpiece conformation within numerous scattered submicron focal dots that did not readily collapse into a peripheral LFA-1 ring. Headpiece-activated LFA-1 microclusters were enriched with talin but were devoid of TCR and CD45. Notably, LFA-1 activation by TCR signals as well as subsequent T cell spreading on ICAM-1 took place independently of cytosolic Ca2+. In contrast to LFA-1–activating chemokine signals, TCR activation of LFA-1 readily took place in the absence of external shear forces. LFA-1 activation by TCR signals also did not require internal myosin II forces but depended on intact actin cytoskeleton. Our results suggest that potent TCR signals fail to trigger LFA-1 headpiece activation unless the integrin first gets stabilized by surface-bound ICAM-1 within evenly scattered actin-dependent LFA-1 focal dots, the quantal units of TCR-stimulated T cell arrest and spreading on ICAM-1.
TLR Ligation Triggers Somatic Hypermutation in Transitional B Cells Inducing the Generation of IgM Memory B Cells
Authors: Aranburu Alaitz , Ceccarelli Sara , Giorda Ezio , Lasorella Rosa , Ballatore Giovanna , Carsetti Rita 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTLR9 activation by unmethylated CpG provides a homeostatic mechanism to maintain B cell memory in the absence of Ag. In this study, we demonstrate that CpG also triggers the generation of somatically mutated memory B cells from immature transitional B cells. In response to CpG, a fraction of transitional B cells proliferates and introduces somatic hypermutations in the H chain V regions. The nonproliferating pool of transitional B cells mostly maintains germline configurations. Mutations are VH specific: VH5 is the least mutated family, whereas VH1 and VH4/6 are the most mutated families. CpG stimulation also results in upregulation of VH5 transcripts in proliferating cells. Therefore, early recognition of bacterial DNA preferentially expands VH5-expressing B cells while inducing somatic hypermutations in other families. The mutation frequency, range, and type of substitutions observed in vitro are comparable to those found in memory B cells from the peripheral blood of Hyper IgM type 1 patients and the spleen of normal infants. The process triggered by TLRs may represent a first step leading to additional diversification of the germline repertoire and to the generation of memory B cells that will further refine their repertoire and specificity in the germinal centers.
Environmental Effects in the Performance of Daily Tasks in Healthy Adults
Authors: Geusgens Chantal A. , van Heugten Caroline M. , Hagedoren Edith , Jolles Jelle , van den Heuvel Wim J. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the effect of switching from a familiar to an unfamiliar setting on household task performance in healthy adults. We also examined the influence of the cognitive functions abstract reasoning and memory on the ability to adapt to different environments.
METHOD. Thirty healthy adults were observed in two different settings while they performed two daily tasks. We evaluated process skill abilities in task performance, time needed to perform each task, memory functioning, and abstract reasoning.
RESULTS. Performance of both tasks required significantly more time in the unfamiliar kitchen. Scores on process skill abilities were significantly lower in the unfamiliar kitchen. We found no associations between environmental effects and abstract reasoning or memory.
CONCLUSION. We found environmental effects on task performance in healthy adults. These findings have important implications for rehabilitation practice. Addressing facilitation of transfer of training effects to familiar environments is of great importance to rehabilitation programs.
Arm–Hand Use in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Rand Debbie , Eng Janice J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOBJECTIVE. Our objectives were (1) to quantify arm–hand use of older adults without a disability and to determine the effects of hand dominance, gender, and day on hand usage and (2) to determine the factors that predict arm–hand use. This information will enhance understanding of the extent of the client’s occupational performance.METHOD. Twenty men and 20 women, ages 65–85, wore wrist and hip accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Manual dexterity and grip strength were assessed. A three-way factorial analysis of variance and multiple linear regressions were conducted.RESULTS. The activity kilocounts from both wrist accelerometers revealed a significant interaction effect between hand and gender (F[1, 190] = 24.4, p &lt; .001). Enhanced manual dexterity of the right hand was associated with greater right-hand use.CONCLUSION. Arm–hand use is a novel dimension of hand function measuring the extent of real-life occupational performance in the client’s home.
Long-Handled Shoehorn Length, Body Mass Index, and Hip Range of Motion in Healthy Female Adults
Authors: Wehrkamp Rachel A. , Rice Martin S. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
We examined the effect that long-handled shoehorn (LHSH) length and body mass index (BMI) have on hip range of motion (ROM) in female adults. Thirty-eight female participants were asked to don a shoe using 18-, 24-, and 30-in. LHSHs. Significant differences in hip flexion were found between the 18- and the 24-in. shoehorns and between the 18- and the 30-in. shoehorns. A significant positive relationship was found between BMI and internal rotation for each of the LHSHs. The results suggest that healthy women with low BMIs using a 24- or 30-in. LHSH have the greatest chance of not violating hip flexion or hip internal rotation ROM precautions. Implications suggest that therapists consider individual BMI and available hip ROM before prescribing an LHSH. A follow-up study is needed involving populations who would likely benefit from using LHSHs.