bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐pathological connected primary neurons in a microfluidic device for alzheimer studies
Authors: Kunze Anja , Meissner Robert , Brando Serena , Renaud Philippe 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis communication presents a novel experimental model for Alzheimer studies, where connected primary neurons were set into subtend, co‐pathological states. Cortical neurons were cultured in two separated cell compartments in a microfluidic device. A neurite network was generated in a main channel through the neurite outgrowth from both cell compartments. A gradient of okadaic acid (OA) is generated over this neurite network by perfusion. OA is a phosphatase inhibitor that induces hyperphosphorylation of Tau proteins, a major hallmark in Alzheimer disease. The local OA treatment resulted in a connected “diseased” and “healthy” cell population. Anti‐phosphorylated tau (Ser262) staining confirmed different states of phosphorylated Tau proteins, and synapthophysin staining the connection of “healthy” and “diseased” cells. Here, we present a novel in vitro model that opens the possibility to study cellular and molecular propagation mechanisms in neurodegeneration, in Tauopathies (as e.g., in Alzheimer), as well as simultaneous drug effects on connected healthy and diseased cell populations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2241–2245. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic engineering of monoterpene synthesis in yeast
Authors: Fischer Marc J. C. , Meyer Sophie , Claudel Patricia , Bergdoll Marc , Karst Francis 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTerpenoids are one of the largest and most diverse families of natural compounds. They are heavily used in industry, and the trend is toward engineering modified microorganisms that produce high levels of specific terpenoids. Most studies have focused on creating specific heterologous pathways for sesquiterpenes in Escherichia coli or yeast. We subjected the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG20 gene (encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase) to a set of amino acid mutations in the catalytic site at position K197. Mutated strains have been shown to exhibit various growth rate, sterol amount, and monoterpenol‐producing capacities. These results are discussed in the context of the potential use of these mutated strains for heterologous expression of monoterpenoid synthases, which was investigated using Ocimum basilicum geraniol synthase. The results obtained with up to 5 mg/L geraniol suggest a major improvement compared with previous available expression systems like Escherichia coli or yeast strains with an unmodified ERG20 gene that respectively delivered amounts in the 10 and 500 µg/L range or even a previously characterized K197E mutation that delivered amounts in the 1 mg/L range. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1883–1892. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nisin‐inducible secretion of a biologically active single‐chain insulin analog by Lactococcus lactis NZ9000
Authors: Ng Daphne T.W. , Sarkar Casim A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOral delivery of insulin to diabetic patients is highly desirable because it would be non‐invasive and more closely mimic normal physiology, but this route of administration typically results in low bioavailability due to low pH and enzymatic degradation along the gastrointestinal tract. To explore an alternative approach that may mitigate these obstacles and also facilitate local synthesis of new therapeutic protein molecules in the small intestine, we engineered the food‐grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis (NZ9000) for nisin‐inducible expression and secretion of a bioactive single‐chain insulin (SCI) analog, SCI‐57. We show that the addition of nisin during early‐log phase has a modest inhibitory effect on cell growth but induction during mid‐log phase has a negligible impact on proliferation, suggesting a tradeoff between cell growth rate and duration of induction. We find that a signal peptide such as usp45 is necessary for secretion of SCI‐57 into the medium; furthermore, we demonstrate that this secreted SCI‐57 is biologically active, as assessed by the ability of conditioned L. lactis medium to stimulate Akt signaling in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Finally, we show that the biological activity of SCI‐57 was enhanced by near‐neutral or slightly alkaline pH during induction, which is comparable to the pH in the small intestine, and by removal of a C‐terminal purification tag. This study demonstrates that food‐grade bacteria can be engineered to secrete bioactive insulin analogs and opens up the possibility of oral insulin delivery using live microorganisms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1987–1996. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimation of Coalescence Parameters in an Agitated Extraction Column Using a Hybrid Algorithm
Authors: Kabouche A. , Meniai A. H. , Hasseine A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA method based on a genetic algorithm (GA) combined with Levenberg‐Marquardt (LM) method applicable to the population balance model for coalescence parameter estimation in a liquid‐liquid biphasic system is presented. The toluene/water system in a rotating disk contactor was taken as an example. Estimation methods for such a problem are often based on deterministic optimization models that are rather instable and divergent around a local minimum. To overcome these limitations, the present study involves the introduction of a semi‐stochastic method that is able to provide at first the estimation of coalescence parameters from the GA based on an inverse approach, exploiting the principle of GA. The LM algorithm was applied to ensure that the results are not restricted to a local minimum.
Removal of Chromium and Organic Pollutants from Industrial Chrome Tanning Effluents by Electrocoagulation
Authors: Golder A. K. , Samanta A. N. , Ray S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe treatment of industrial chrome tanning effluents by electrocoagulation (EC) in a laboratory‐scale reactor was investigated. Mild‐steel (MS) electrodes have been found to outperform aluminum (Al) electrodes in reducing the Cr(III) concentration to <2 mg L–1. The conversion of Fe(II) to Fe(III) is slow in the lower pH range (<6), and OH– ions generated during EC are amply available for Cr(III) removal by precipitation in the case of the MS electrode. Formation of Al(OH)3(s) in competition with Cr(OH)3(s) while consuming the OH– ion is a cause for lower Cr(III) removal with Al. EC with the MS electrode and chemical coagulation (CC) with addition of alkali proved to be equally efficient for removing Cr(III).
Separation of Solid Impurity by Melt Crystallization of Aluminum Nitrate Nonahydrate
Authors: Kumashiro M. , Hoshino T. , Izumi Y. , Fujita Y. , Hirasawa I. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effect of melt crystallization on inorganic hydrate for purification of crystals containing liquid and solid impurities was investigated. Melt crystallization is generally applied to purify organic crystals. In the case of inorganic crystals, it is cost‐ineffective because of the higher melting point. However, some inorganic crystals, i.e., hydrate crystals, can be applied to melt crystallization because of the lower melting point. Hydrate crystals containing impurities were prepared and melt crystallization was carried out to investigate the purification mechanism on inorganic crystals. Liquid impurity in target crystals was removed by sweating and washing with melt. Solid impurity was also separated with melt flow, supported by mixing operations. It was considered that the purification mechanism is differently dependent on the state of impurity.
Recombinant L‐Asparaginase B and its Crystallization – What is the Nature of Protein Crystals?
Authors: Müller C. , Liu Y. , Migge A. , Pietzsch M. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractL‐Asparaginase is a protein produced by Escherichia coli and exists in two types, A and B. Only type B shows a specific antitumor activity to acute lymphatic leukemia. A new recombinant E. coli BL21Gold (DE3) pET11a‐ansB was used to produce L‐asparaginase B in higher quantities. To enhance the purity and preserve the activity of L‐asparaginase B, crystallization is a promising process. Based on available patents, first experiments on L‐asparaginase B crystallization were performed. Recombinant L‐asparaginase B was successfully and reproducibly crystallized in two modifications. Up to now, it is not clear in which respect these two modifications of crystalline L‐asparaginase B differ. It is part of the current study to investigate the nature of protein crystals in detail. The investigations on lysozyme crystals are well in agreement with the literature.
Morphology Prediction of Benzoic Acid Crystals: Thermostats
Authors: Schmidt C. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIndustrial crystallization processes are frequently bound to the application of additives. Additives can modify the crystal morphology. Computer methods allow a precise prediction of the crystal modifications induced by additives. The effect of water as additive molecule on crystal morphology predictions by means of molecular dynamics (MD) is insufficiently explored. This work focuses on the prediction of the crystal habit of benzoic acid in the presence of three‐site water. The selection of the temperature control algorithm – the thermostat – applied in MD simulations is highlighted for water. Significant modifications in the crystal morphology can be observed. The given data allow a decision for a certain thermostat in advance. If a fast equilibration is required, the Direct Velocity Scale thermostat should be used. However, for a precise prediction of the morphology, the Nosé temperature control algorithm is recommended.
Influence of Additives on Glycine Crystal Characteristics
Authors: Hrkovac M. , Prlic Kardum J. , Schuster A. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDifferent quantities of additives (sodium chloride and oxalic acid) and antisolvent (ethanol) were used in order to define their influence on crystallization of glycine from aqueous solutions. The solubility curves were determined for all process conditions but the nucleation points only for the initial concentration of glycine. The obtained results showed that both the quantity and type of the additive affect the solubility curves, the metastable zone width as well as the granulometric characteristics of crystals (aspect ratio, external shape, and the crystal size distribution). X‐ray analysis confirmed occurrences of γ‐glycine by adding sodium chloride and oxalic acid, regardless of the added mass while the α‐polymorphs were achieved by adding ethanol.
“Directed” Assembly of Metallacalix[n]arenes with Pyrimidine Nucleobase Ligands of Low Symmetry: Metallacalix[n]arene Derivatives ofcis‐[a2M(cytosine‐N3)2]2+(M=PtII, PdII;n=4 and 6)
Authors: Khutia Anupam , Sanz Miguel Pablo J. , Lippert Bernhard 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPyrimidine (pym) ligands with their two endocyclic N‐donor atoms provide 120° angles for molecular constructs, which, with the 90° angle metal fragmentscis‐a2MII(M=Pt, Pd; a=NH3or a2=diamine), form cyclic complexes known as metallacalix[n]arenes (withn=3, 4, 6, 8, …︁). The number of possible isomers of these species depends on the symmetry of the pym ligand. Although highly symmetrical (C2v) pym ligands form a single linkage isomer for anynand can adopt different conformations (e.g., cone, partial cone, 1,3‐alternate, and 1,2‐alternate in the case ofn=4), low‐symmetry pym ligands (Cs) can produce a higher number of linkage isomers (e.g., four in the case ofn=4) and a large number of different conformers. In the absence of any self‐sorting bias, the number of possible species derived from a self‐assembly process betweencis‐a2MIIand aCs‐symmetrical pym ligand can thus be very high. By using theCs‐symmetric pym nucleobase cytosine, we have demonstrated that the number of feasible isomers forn=4 can be reduced to one by applying preformed building blocks such ascis‐[a2M(cytosine‐N3)2]n+orcis‐[a2M(cytosinate‐N1)2] (for the latter, see the accompanying paper: A. Khutia, P. J. Sanz Miguel, B. Lippert,Chem. Eur. J.2011,17, DOI: 10.1002/chem.2010002723) and treating them with additionalcis‐a2MII. Moreover, intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the O2 and N4H2sites of the cytosine ligands reduce the number of possible rotamers to one. This approach of the “directed” assembly of a defined metallacalix[4]arene is demonstrated.
A decision support tool formulti‐pollutants reduction incement industry using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Authors: Ba‐Shammakh Mohammed S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSeveral energy intensive industries are contributing to air pollution problems. Cement industry, as an example, is one of these significant sources of several air pollutants and these must be monitored and controlled. This paper deals with five air pollutants from cement plants and these are SO2, NOx, CO2, dust, and volatile organic compounds (VOC). The purpose of this study is to evaluate several available technologies to control each pollutant. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique is used as a decision support tool to find the best technology for each pollutant under multi‐criteria. These criteria are: cost, efficiency, lifetime or duration, and industry acceptability. The technique is illustrated in a case study from St. Marys Plant, located in St. Marys, Ontario, Canada. The results show that adsorption on activated coke technology will be recommended for SO2 reduction. For NOx reduction, the AHP suggests to apply selective non‐catalytic reduction (SNCR) technology based on the four criteria defined. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) using MEA technology is chosen for CO2 reduction. For dust reduction, bag filters should be used and increase oxygen concentration at the kiln inlet is the selected technology for VOC reduction.The current paper covers the set of criteria weights considered typical for cement plants. The results presented here are illustrative and user defined weighting is required to make this study valuable for a specific group of users.
Effects of surfactants on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a split‐cylinder airlift reactor
Authors: Moraveji Mostafa Keshavarz , Pasand Mohamad Morovati , Davarnejad Reza , Chisti Yusuf 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEffects of various concentrations (0–5 ppm) of anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) and non‐ionic (Tween‐80 and Triton X‐405) surfactants on gas hold‐up and gas–liquid mass transfer in a split‐cylinder airlift reactor are reported for air–water. Surfactants were found to strongly enhance gas hold‐up. Non‐ionic surfactants were more effective in enhancing gas hold‐up compared to the anionic surfactant SDS. An enhanced gas hold‐up and a visually reduced bubble size in the presence of surfactants implied an enhanced gas–liquid interfacial area for mass transfer. Nevertheless, the overall gas–liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient was reduced in the presence of surfactants, suggesting that surfactants greatly reduced the true liquid film mass transfer coefficient and this reduction outweighed the interfacial area enhancing effect. Presence of surfactants did not substantially affect the induced liquid circulation rate in the airlift vessel.
A proposal to apply inductive logic programming to self‐healing problem in grid computing: How will it work?
Authors: Ferro Mariza , Mury Antonio Roberto , Schulze Bruno 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYAs computation systems get extremely large and complex, failure diagnosis becomes even more complex. To cope with this ever increasing complexity of managing heterogeneous systems—such as grids and nowadays clouds—systems should manage their own behavior themselves. This vision of self‐managing systems also referred to as autonomic computing (AC) aims to allow systems to recover themselves from various failures or malfunctions. This is known as self‐healing (SH) and is one of the requirements of AC. However, dealing with these complex failure scenarios is always an open challenge. Dealing with this challenge requires prediction and control through a number of automated learning and proactive actions. In this work, we present the usage of a relational learning method known as inductive logic programming, for prediction and root casual analysis, and the development of an SH component. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative measure of structural and geometric similarity of 3D morphologies
Authors: Komosinski Maciej , Kubiak Marek 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis work describes a new heuristic algorithm that estimates structural and geometric similarity of three‐dimensional morphologies. It is an extension to previously developed measure of similarity (Komosinski et al., Theor Biosci 2001, 120, 271–286) that was only able to consider the structure of 3D constructs. Morphologies are modeled as graphs with vertices as points in a 3D space, and edges connecting these vertices. This model is very general, therefore the proposed algorithm can be applied in (and across) a number of disciplines including artificial life, evolutionary design, engineering, robotics, biology, and chemistry. The primary areas of application of this fast numerical similarity measure are artificial life and evolutionary design, where great numbers of morphologies result from simulated evolutionary processes, and both structural and geometric aspects are significant. Geometry of 3D constructs (i.e., locations of body parts in space) is as important as the structure (i.e., connections of body parts), because both determine behavior of creatures or designs and their fitness in a particular environment. In this work, both morphological aspects are incorporated in a single, highly discriminative measure of similarity. © 2011Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2011
Exploring In‐Session Focus on the Patient–Therapist Relationship: Patient Characteristics, Process and Outcome
Authors: Kuutmann Klara , Hilsenroth Mark J. 
Published: March 2011

This study explored the amount of in‐session focus on the patient–therapist relationship during early treatment with patient pre‐treatment interpersonal style, personality pathology, patient ratings of session process and outcome. The sample consisted of 76 outpatients engaged in short‐term psychodynamic psychotherapy. Results showed that higher levels of pre‐treatment personality pathology and interpersonal problems were positively related to a greater focus on the patient–therapist relationship early in treatment. This was especially true for patients with a cold/distant interpersonal style and low self‐esteem. Moreover, these two patient pre‐treatment characteristics demonstrated a significant change over the course of therapy. These post‐treatment changes also demonstrated a significant relationship with greater early treatment focus on the patient–therapist relationship. In addition, we found an interaction effect between quality of object relations (i.e., higher levels of object relations) and greater early treatment focus on the patient–therapist relationship with subsequent changes in patient cold/distant interpersonal problems. Greater in‐session focus on the therapeutic relationship was not significantly related to patient ratings of session process. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Greater levels of pre‐treatment patient personality pathology and interpersonal problems were positively related to a more here‐and‐now focus on the patient–therapist relationship in early treatment.
This was especially true of patients with a cold and withdrawn interpersonal style or lower levels of self‐esteem.
These patient pre‐treatment characteristics, cold/distant interpersonal style and low self‐esteem, exhibited significant change over the course of psychodynamic psychotherapy.
The amount of change in these specific patient characteristics, cold/distant interpersonal style and low self‐esteem, was significantly related with a greater focus on the patient–therapist interactions that occurred in early sessions.
For those patients with less impaired object relations, greater patient–therapist focus helped improve a cold/distant interpersonal style even more.
Using the Repertory Grid Technique to Examine Nursing Staff's Construal of Mothers with Mental Health Problems
Authors: Blundell Joanna , Wittkowski Anja , Wieck Angelika , Hare Dougal Julian 
Published: March 2011

Background: This study explored the attitudes of psychiatric nursing staff towards mothers with mental health difficulties. Working with mothers experiencing mental health problems can evoke negative reactions in staff that activate value‐laden beliefs regarding the capacity of these women to care for their infants, which could diminish the provision of optimal care and treatment for patients.Method: Ten psychiatric nursing staff working in a specialist mother and baby unit in the North of England were interviewed about their views of various types of client by using the repertory grid technique.Findings: A total of 86 constructs that clustered under 21 headings were elicited. All staff made critical judgements about some clients. Staff often described the context in which these perceptions were reached such as the behaviour of clients and the quality of the nurse–client relationship.Conclusions: Clients with a personality disorder and those who were thought to be ‘bad’ mothers were construed as being furthest from the self and more negatively than clients with depression or psychosis. Further training is indicated for staff working with mothers displaying challenging interactional styles; however, training packages must consider the individuality of perception and experience present within staff groups. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Staff attributions and clients' interactional style influence the staff's ability to develop positive relationships with their clients.
Clients labelled as having a personality disorder were differentially construed in a more negative manner than clients with depression or psychosis.
Clinical supervision could help staff to manage challenging experiences with clients in an inpatient ward environment.
Transformation of Cellulose into Biodegradable Alkyl Glycosides by Following Two Different Chemical Routes
Authors: Villandier Nicolas , Corma Avelino 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe transformation of cellulose into long‐chain alkyl glycoside surfactants has been carried out following two different routes: (1) Direct transformation of cellulose to butyl‐, hexyl‐, octyl‐, decyl‐ and dodecyl‐α,β‐glycosides in an ionic liquid media and Amberlyst‐15Dry as catalysts, with mass yield of up to 82 %; and (2) two steps reaction with transformation of cellulose into methyl glucosides, with a procedure described by Zhang et al., followed by transacetalation with 1‐octanol and 1‐decanol in the presence of Amberlyst‐15Dry. A kinetic study for the direct transformation of cellulose using 1‐octanol has shown that depolymerisation of cellulose continues during the Fischer glycosidation. Increasing the chain length of the alcohol decreases the global reaction rate owing to an increase in the lipophilicity of the alcohol that decreases its contact with the carbohydrates. Finally, several acid catalysts were tested and the best results were obtained with Amberlyst‐15Dry.