bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Against Public Reason Liberalism's Accessibility Requirement
Authors: Vallier Kevin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractPublic reason liberals typically defend an accessibility requirement for reasons offered in public political dialog. The accessibility requirement holds that public reasons must be amenable to criticism, evaluable by reasonable persons, and the like. Public reason liberals are therefore hostile to the public use of reasons that appear inaccessible, especially religious reasons. This hostility has provoked strong reactions from public reason liberalism's religion-friendly critics.
But public reason liberals and their religion-friendly critics need not be at odds because the accessibility requirement is implausible. In fact, the accessibility requirement is ambiguous between two interpretations, one of which is too stringent and the other too loose. Depending upon the interpretation, accessibility either restricts the use of too many secular reasons or permits appeal to a wide range of religious reasons. The accessibility requirement should therefore be rejected.
Reconsidering Context: Gendered Transnational Practices in the Celestial Church of Christ Covenant Parish in Amsterdam
Authors: Pruiksma Nienke 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis article aims to reconsider the concept of 'context' as it is used in intercultural theologies. Issuing from a case in which migration, gender, and religious tradition collided during fieldwork in the Celestial Church of Christ Covenant Parish in Amsterdam—a congregation of primarily Nigerian first generation migrants— this contribution will explore how migration questions approaches to context linked to geographical location. The article proposes to rethink the meaning of context in situations of migration through the combined concepts of transnationalism and agency. As both transnationalism and agency are embedded in a particular 'place,' the intersections of power structures that have impact on agents create ever-changing 'context-in-relations.' Tracing the context-in-relations can then become a starting point for doing theology.
Who Will Tend the Vine? Pentecostalism, Parenting and the Role of the State in “London-Lagos”
Authors: Maier Katrin , Coleman Simon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractWe explore the tensions evident among Nigerian Pentecostals in London between social and ideological insularity on the one hand, and a more outward-oriented, expansive orientation on the other. Analysis of these stances is complemented by the exploration of believers' actions within a material but also metaphorical arena that we term “London-Lagos.” Such themes are developed specifically through a focus on believers' relations with Nigerian and British state systems in relation to child-rearing—an activity that renders parents sometimes dangerously visible to apparatuses of the state but also raises key dilemmas concerning the proper and moral location of socialisation into Christian values. We show how such dilemmas are embodied in a play, written by a Nigerian Pentecostalist, termed “The Vine-Keepers.”
Globalisation of Environmental Law
Authors: Koch Hans-Joachim , Mielke Christin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractExigent global environmental threats require concerted global answers and impose great challenges to the international community. Since the 1972 Stockholm UN-Conference, a dynamic and creative development of international environmental law has brought about many important achievements. However, major shortcomings remain to be tackled, and a further globalization of the environmental law with massive impacts on the European and national legal orders is imperative. The European Union can play a leading role in the swift and effective implementation of international law. Today, many EU environmental acts are, in fact, already implementing international stipulations. For an effective future development of international environmental law, a special UN environmental organization appears urgently needed.
Who changes language? Bilingualism and structural change in Burma and the Reef Islands
Authors: Næss Åshild , Jenny Mathias 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this paper we discuss two cases of contact-induced language change where lexical and grammatical borrowing appear to have gone in opposite directions: one language has borrowed large amounts of vocabulary from another while at the same time being the source of structural borrowings into the other language. Furthermore, it appears in both cases that the structural borrowing has come about through bilingualism in L1 speakers of the source language, while L1 speakers of the language undergoing the structural change are largely monolingual. We propose that these two unusual factors are not unrelated, but that the latter is the cause of the former: Under circumstances where the numerically much smaller language in a contact situation is the contact language, the L2 speakers' variety, influenced by their L1, may spread into the monolingual community. e lexical borrowing naturally happens from the bilingual speakers' L2 into their L1, resulting in opposite directions of lexical and structural borrowing. Similar processes have been described in cases of language shift, but we show that it may take place even in situations where shift does not occur.
Risky Business
Authors: Jaser Sarah S. , Yates Heather , Dumser Susan , Whittemore Robin 
Published: October 2011

Purpose The purpose of this article is to review risk behaviors and their health consequences in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The existing literature on common risk behaviors in adolescents is examined, with a focus on illicit drug use, alcohol use, smoking, unprotected sexual activity, and disordered eating behaviors. Conclusions A review of the literature highlights the lack of studies of risk behaviors in this population. Much of what is known comes from studies with adolescents in the general population or from studies of adults with type 1 diabetes. Known risk and protective factors for risk behaviors and health outcomes are noted. Based on these findings, suggestions are provided for diabetes educators and health care providers to assess for and prevent risk behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Directions for future research in this population are indicated, including the need to develop and test standardized prevention programs.
Physicians’ Perceptions of the Type 2 Diabetes Multi-disciplinary Treatment Team
Authors: Ritholz Marilyn D. , Beverly Elizabeth A. , Abrahamson Martin J. , Brooks Kelly M. , Hultgren Brittney A. , Weinger Katie 
Published: October 2011

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore physicians’ perceptions of the multidisciplinary type 2 diabetes treatment team. Methods Nineteen physicians (74% endocrinologists; 26% primary care) participated in semistructured interviews. Audiorecorded data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using thematic analysis and NVivo 8 software. Results Physicians considered the multidisciplinary team, including a physician and diabetes educator, as very important to diabetes treatment. Participants described how diabetes, with its many comorbidities and challenging lifestyle recommendations, is difficult for any single physician to treat. They further described how the team’s diverse staff offers complementary skills and more contact time for assessment and treatment of patients, developing treatment relationships, and supporting patients in learning diabetes self-care. Physicians stressed the necessity of regular and ongoing communication among team members to ensure patients receive consistent information, and some reported that institutional factors interfere with intra-team communication. They also expressed concerns about the team approach in relation to individualized treatment and patients’ reluctance to see multiple providers. Conclusions This study highlights physicians’ positive perceptions of and concerns about the type 2 diabetes multidisciplinary team. Further study of diabetes educators’ and patients’ perceptions of the team approach is needed.
Comparison of the effects of pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass, non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting on the inflammatory response and S-100beta protein
Authors: Bayram H , Erer D , Iriz E , Zor MH , Gulbahar O , Ozdogan ME 
Published: October 2011

Background: We aimed to investigate the effects of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass, and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass techniques on the inflammatory response and the central nervous system in the current study. Methods: A total of 32 patients who were scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery were included in the study. The patients were allocated into three different groups according to the perfusion techniques used during the cardiopulmonary bypass procedure as follows: off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting group (n=10); pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass group (n=11); and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass group (n=11). Serum interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and S-100beta levels were measured preoperatively, and at 0, 6, and 24 hours postoperatively. Results: The postoperative increase in the levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 was significantly lower in the off-pump group compared to the other two groups (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels between the groups. Postoperative S-100β levels, an indicator of cerebral injury, was significantly lower in the off-pump CABG group compared to the other two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting had less negative effects on inflammatory response and central nervous system compared to pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass techniques.
Value of preapproval safety data in predicting postapproval hepatic safety and assessing the legitimacy of class warning
Authors: Lin Yeong-Liang , Wu Ya-Chi , Gau Churn-Shiouh , Lin Min-Shung 
Published: October 2011

Objective: The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate whether preapproval safety data for nonhepatotoxic drugs and hepatotoxic drugs can be compared to improve preapproval prediction of postapproval hepatic safety and to assess the legitimacy of applying class warnings. Methods: Drugs within a therapeutic class that included at least one drug that had been withdrawn from the market because of liver toxicity or had a warning of potential liver toxicity issued by major regulatory agencies, and at least one drug free from such regulatory action, were identified and divided into two groups: drugs with and drugs without regulatory action. Preapproval clinical data [including the elevation rates of alanine aminotransferse (ALT) and withdrawal due to liver toxicity, the number of patients with combined elevation of ALT and bilirubin, and liver failure] and nonclinical data (including chemical structures, metabolic pathways, and other significant findings in animal studies) were compared between the two groups. Results: Six drug classes were assessed in this study: thiazolidinediones, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, fluoroquinolones, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, leukotriene receptor inhibitors, and endothelin receptor antagonists. In two classes (COMT inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists), drugs with regulatory action had significantly higher rates of ALT elevation of more than threefold and greater numbers of patients with combined elevation of ALT and bilirubin than drugs without regulatory action. Drugs with regulatory action also had chemical structures or metabolic pathways associated with the toxicity. The legitimacy of class warnings was refuted in all six classes of drugs. Conclusion: Preapproval safety data may help predict postapproval hepatic safety and can be used to assess the legitimacy of applying class warnings.
Role of π-Electron Systems in Stabilization of the Oxidized Tetraheme Architecture in Cytochrome c3
Authors: Takayama Yuki , Taketa-Sato Midori , Komori Hirofumi , Morita Kumiko , Kang Su-Jin , Higuchi Yoshiki , Akutsu Hideo 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Cytochrome c3 possesses four hemes in a compact configuration and exhibits extremely low reduction potentials. Besides the well-characterized factors contributing to the reduction potentials, the aromatic rings have been suggested to be involved. To elucidate its mechanism, the effect of mutations at conserved and noncoordinated aromatic residues on the reduction/oxidation properties of heme irons was investigated on the basis of crystal structures, NMR spectra of coordinated His, and reduction potentials. Phe20 parallel to heme 1 is the most conserved residue. On its mutation, the change in each coordination structure was subtle in the crystal structures despite of significant changes in the NMR spectra and reduction potentials. Significant increases in the reduction potentials of heme 1 led to the conclusion that the aromatic ring of Phe20 stabilizes the polarization of the π-electron density induced by the oxidized iron in the same heme. Furthermore, the reduction potential of heme 2 was also affected by the mutation at Phe20, revealing that the electrostatic interaction between the π-electron system of the porphyrin and a distant iron contributes to the iron reduction potential. This kind of interaction provides new insight into the role of the heme architecture in regulation of the reduction potentials.
Bioactive Cembranoids from the Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Lobophytum crassum
Authors: Tseng Yen-Ju , Wen Zhi-Hong , Hsu Chi-Hsin , Dai Chang-Feng , Sheu Jyh-Horng 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Two new metabolites, crassumolides H and I (2 and 3), and crassumolide G (1) which was discovered for the first time from natural sources, were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a Taiwanese soft coral Lobophytum crassum, along with three known metabolites 4–6. The structures of metabolites 1–3 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison of the NMR data with those of known compounds. Compounds 1–3 were found to inhibit the accumulation of the pro-inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 proteins at 10 µM in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 marcophage cells.
Determination of Oxygen Binding Properties of the Individual Subunits of Intact Human Adult Hemoglobin
Authors: Sato Atsushi , Tai Hulin , Nagatomo Shigenori , Imai Kiyohiro , Yamamoto Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We determined the oxygen (O2) binding properties of the individual subunits of intact human adult hemoglobin (Hb A) through the combined use of 1H NMR and conventional spectrophotometric methods. We found that the O2 affinities of the α and β subunits of Hb A are almost indistinguishable in the absence of an allosteric effector, inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), and lower by factors of ≈8.4 and ≈10, respectively, in the presence of IHP at pH 7.40, as judged from the estimated P50 values, which represent the partial O2 pressure required to achieve 50% oxygenation of the individual subunits. These results demonstrated that the binding of IHP to the protein resulted in remarkable enhancement of the degree of nonequivalence in functional properties between the constituent subunits, which could be relevant to its cooperative ligand binding. This finding provides novel insights for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cooperativity in this allosteric protein.
Stabilization of Excited State Using Through-Space Interaction between Independent π-Systems Mediated by a peri-Substituted Hydroxy Group in 1-Arylnaphthalenes: Unexpected Blue Emission of 1,3,5-Tris(peri-hydroxynaphthyl)benzene
Authors: Nakajima Hideto , Yasuda Makoto , Shimizu Kenji , Toyoshima Naomi , Tsukahara Yasunori , Kobayashi Takao , Nakamura Shinichiro , Chiba Kouji , Baba Akio 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The control of photoluminescence wavelength is important for the design of emitting materials, and compounds bearing aryl–aryl bonds are considered to be useful candidates for the synthesis of these materials. However, the biaryl system lacks an efficient linkage of independent conjugated moieties because of a structure that, rather than planar, is made up of almost perpendicular dihedral angles due to steric effect. In this paper, we report a novel method to link independent π-systems in biaryl compounds. The oxy-substituents at the peri-position in 1-arylnaphthalene systems, which are biaryl compounds, showed interesting and unexpected photophysical properties of a bathochromic shift of emission. In particular, peri-OH-substituted arylnaphthalenes showed a large bathochromic shift that was induced by polarization based on intramolecular OH–aryl interaction. Quantum chemical (TDDFT) calculations accurately reproduced the large bathochromic shifts of peri-OH-substituted arylnaphthalenes. The through-space interaction between the peri-substituted OH and aryl groups generated an unexpected extended conjugation system. The substituting position of OH in 1-arylnaphthalenes is quite critical, because the hydroxy group mediates the independent π-systems to expand conjugation. Based on this concept, 1,3,5-tris(peri-hydroxynaphthyl)benzene had characteristic photophysical properties, giving an unexpected blue emission.
Temperature Dependence of Photosensitized Nucleophilic Addition to Alkenes
Authors: Matsumoto Jin , Yoshinaga Yusuke , Hamasaki Akiko , Kawasaki Tomohiro , Yamashita Toshiaki , Shiragami Tsutomu , Yasuda Masahide 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Photosensitized nucleophilic additions of 2,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene were performed in a microchannel reactor using phenanthrene and p-dicyanobenzene as a redox pair. The quantum yields for the formation of photo-NOCAS products were remarkably enhanced at lower temperatures. The exciplex formation disturbed the reaction at higher temperatures.
Crystal Structures of Resorcin[4]arene and Tetramethylated Resorcin[4]arene Complexes Incorporating l-Carnitine through Cation–π Interaction
Authors: Fujisawa Ikuhide , Takeuchi Daiki , Kato Ryo , Murayama Kazutaka , Aoki Katsuyuki 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Resorcin[4]arene and tetramethylated resorcin[4]arene form complexes with l-carnitine, whose crystal structures were determined. Each complex contains two carnitine ligands in the asymmetric unit, each of which is incorporated into the cavity of the macrocyclic receptor through cation–π interactions between the trimethylammonium moiety of the ligand and π–rings of the receptor.
Improvement of Temperature-responsive Drug Release from Collagen-mimic Dendrimers
Authors: Kojima Chie , Suehiro Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Gelatin, a thermally denatured collagen, forms a temperature-dependent gel, in which the efficiency of the collagen-like triple helix is dependent on temperature. In this study, (proline–hydroxyproline–glycine)n peptides were modified at the dendrimer to produce a type of collagen-mimic dendrimer. These dendrimers worked as a drug carrier with thermosensitive release capabilities and could retain rose bengal molecules stably.
Initial Public Offerings as Lotteries: Skewness Preference and First-Day Returns
Authors: Green T. Clifton , Hwang Byoung-Hyoun 
Published: October 2011

We find that initial public offerings (IPOs) with high expected skewness experience significantly greater first-day returns. The skewness effect is stronger during periods of high investor sentiment and is related to differences in skewness across industries as well as to time-series variation in the level of skewness in the market. IPOs with high expected skewness earn more negative abnormal returns in the following one to five years. High expected skewness is also associated with a higher fraction of small-sized trades on the first day of trading, which is consistent with a greater shift in holdings from institutions to individuals. The results suggest that first-day IPO returns are related to a preference for skewness. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, Teck Ho, and Terrance Odean, special issue editors.
Insulin resistance and epigenetic regulation: insights from human studies and prospects for future research
Authors: Sookoian Silvia , Gianotti Tomas Fernández , Burgueño Adriana L. , Pirola Carlos J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this study, we review the current knowledge and recent insights on the role of epigenetic factors in the development of human insulin resistance (IR)- and metabolic syndrome (MS)-related phenotypes, and attempt to lay a framework to consider IR as a potentially reversible incapacity to control metabolic homeostasis that is strongly influenced by the interplay between external and internal cues. We summarize the evidence on how tissue-specific epigenetic markers participate either by activating or repressing the gene expression programs to modulate IR- and MS-associated traits. Some additional data are provided about how the exploration of DNA methylation markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells potentially offers appealing information about the impact of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of IR. Clues about the relation between IR and impaired intrauterine growth explained by fetal metabolic programming and epigenetic modifications are shown, including novel findings about the impact of histone modifications. For instance, we observed that specific epigenetic factors in genes associated with mitochondrial biogenesis may be associated with birth weight. Furthermore, some prospective ideas about the functional consequences of genetic variation modulated by allele-specific epigenetic markers and its impact on MS susceptibility are also illustrated. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge of epigenetics as the biological rationale for potential therapeutic intervention in IR and MS.
Use of Vegetable Oils and Animal Oils as Steel Quenchants: A Historical Review—1850-2010
Authors: Simencio Otero Rosa L. , Canale Lauralice C. F. , Totten George E. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Vegetable oils and animal oils have been used as quenchants for metals for thousands of years; however, it hasn’t been until relatively recently that their cooling properties have been studied in a thorough, quantitative manner. This review will focus on the published data relating to the use of triglycerides from various animal and vegetable sources to quench-harden steels. Particular focus will be on the traditional selection and use of different vegetable and animal oils for steel hardening applications and the cooling time-temperature behavior of these fluids to characterize their quenching performance. This information has not been previously reviewed in this manner.