bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
van der Waals cohesion in nonsmooth contact dynamics: application to powder mixtures
Authors: Ludewig François , Dorbolo Stéphane , Boschini Frédéric , Cloots Rudi , Vandewalle Nicolas 
Published: August 2011

This work aims to introduce van der Waals forces, and more generally cohesive forces, in a nonsmooth contact dynamics (NSCD) model for studying dense particle systems. The contact dynamics method is based on the relative velocities of interacting bodies. On the other hand, the van der Waals force considers only distance between the bodies. Consequently, we developed a theoretical argument for reconciling velocity and position aspects. As an illustration of our numerical method, we investigated the mixing of different granular species in a rotating drum. We consider large (100 μm radius) and small (5 μm radius) spheres. For these latter, the cohesion forces are larger than their weight. This subject is of great interest in powder handling. We prove that the NSCD approach is suited to modeling dense particle systems such as cohesive powders.
Jiles–Atherton model used in the magnetization process study for the composite magnetoelectric materials based on cobalt ferrite and barium titanate
Authors: Pop Nicusor Cristian , Caltun Ovidiu Florin 
Published: August 2011

This paper presents the use of the Jiles–Atherton model in fitting the major magnetization curves for two classes of composite magnetoelectric materials. These materials are: (BaTiO3)x(CoFe2O4)1–x and (BaTiO3)x(CoMn0.2Fe1.8O4)1–x, with x = 0.8, 0.6, and 0.4. The model’s parameters result from finding the regression curves and give information about the micromagnetic state of the material. The dependencies of the model’s parameters on the ratio of the two phases’ concentrations have been analyzed. The values of the parameters for the two classes of materials have been compared, and the influence of Mn on the magnetic properties has been analyzed. Also presented here are the regression curves for a set of first order reversal curves using the same algorithm as the major magnetization curves. The dependence of the model’s parameters on the reversal field has been analyzed.
Molecular association at the microscopic level
Authors: Neumann Richard M. 
Published: August 2011

For the molecular equilibrium A + B ⇔ AB occurring in a dilute solution or gas, the two-particle Helmholtz free energy, W, is used to evaluate the association constant, KAB, which, for ionic A and B, is identical to the Bjerrum result. The criterion defining the bound species AB is not arbitrary; the cutoff separation distance in the configuration integral used to calculate KAB arises directly from the definition of W. For a one-component dense fluid, W permits the derivation of the phase-condensation temperature, which, for a gas, is the critical temperature and for a liquid the freezing temperature. For ionic A and B (e.g., molten salt), the Kosterlitz–Thouless expression for the freezing temperature is obtained.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study of Vernakalant (Oral) for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Cardioversion
Authors: Torp-Pedersen Christian , Raev Dimitar H. , Dickinson Garth , Butterfield Noam N. , Mangal Brian , Beatch Gregory N. 
Published: August 2011

Background—
Vernakalant, a relatively atrial-selective antiarrhythmic drug, has previously demonstrated efficacy for the acute conversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm. This study was designed to determine the most appropriate oral dose of vernakalant for the prevention of AF recurrence postcardioversion.

Methods and Results—

Patients with nonpermanent AF were randomized to 150, 300, or 500 mg vernakalant or placebo twice daily for up to 90 days. The efficacy analysis was conducted on 605 of 735 patients who entered the maintenance phase on day 3 after cardioversion. The time to the first recurrence of symptomatic sustained AF was significantly longer in the 500 mg vernakalant group, with a median of >90 days versus 29 days in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.735;
P
=0.0275). No significant effect was seen at the lower doses. The percent of patients in sinus rhythm at day 90 was 41%, 39%, and 49% in the 150-mg (n=147), 300-mg (n=148), and 500-mg (n=150) vernakalant groups, respectively, compared with 36% in the placebo group (n=160). There were no vernakalant-related proarrhythmic events. Related serious adverse events occurred in 2 patients in the 150-mg vernakalant group and in 1 patient in each of the other groups.

Conclusions—
Vernakalant, 500 mg twice daily, appears to be effective and safe for the prevention of AF recurrence after cardioversion. The absence of proarrhythmia and favorable safety profile is an important finding for the drug.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00526136.
Beat Your Parodies into Swords, and Your Parodied Books into Spears: A New Paradigm for Parody in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Kynes Will 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhile previous works on parody in the Hebrew Bible have addressed the literary technique ad hoc in the service of the interpretation of specific texts, this article approaches the topic more broadly, attempting to understand the nature of the technique itself. Drawing on literary criticism, particularly the work of Linda Hutcheon, the commonly accepted definition of parody as a text which "ridicules" its "target" is questioned, and a broader definition of parody as "antithetical allusion," in which the earlier text may act as a "weapon" instead of a "target," and subversion and humor are only secondary features, is presented. This redefinition of the term grounds a new paradigm for parody that divides parody into four types: ridiculing, rejecting, respecting, and reaffirming. This paradigm is then applied to a series of exemplary parodies in the Hebrew Bible (Song 7:1-10, Psalm 29, Jonah, Job 7:17-18, Joel 4:10) that demonstrate the versatility of parody and the necessity of reading parodies in their wider context to determine their meaning.
'Declare the interpretation': Redacting Daniel in Early Bibles for English Children
Authors: Padley Jonathan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIt is a commonplace that adults who had access to the Bible as youngsters remember being told the tale of Daniel in the lions' den. It is easy to see why, and why this story has become a staple of Christian teaching: it is action-packed, distinctive, and reaches a conclusion that favours the apparent righteousness of its protagonist. However, Daniel's theological and historical consequences clearly extend far beyond the lions' den, so this article investigates the history of its limited pedagogical deployment by examining redactions of it in five popular eighteenth-century Bibles for English children. The theological issues in Daniel that captured the imaginations of its early adapters are ascertained, and evidence is found that the book's prophetic, visionary, and apocalyptic content has long-since been regarded as difficult for young people (especially in comparison to its apparently more straightforward court stories). Equally, in these problematic areas where the source's density raises opportunities for interpretative latitude, this essay contends that ecclesiological rather than theological responses to the text tended to surface, as Daniel's retellers—often obliquely—attempted to manage the book's indubitable complexity by domesticating it to their own subjective priorities.
Qumran Textiles and the Garments of Qumran’s Inhabitants
Authors: Sukenik Naama , Shamir Orit 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAmong the Qumran textiles that were kept at the Rockefeller Museum was a group of textiles that were unusual for Qumran. Most of them were made of wool, and some were dyed or decorated. Their marking QCC—Qumran Christmas Cave indicates their origin. In 2007 the cave was investigated by Porat, Eshel, and Frumkin. The cave is located in the bottom section of Kidron valley and doesn’t belong to Qumran caves. It can now be determined that all of the textiles from Qumran are made solely of linen. They were free of any colored decoration, except for scroll wrappers that decorated in blue. This, and the simplicity and whiteness of the textiles from Qumran, is compatible with the literary sources. It appears that the people of Qumran wished to differentiate themselves from the rest of the population also on the basis of their style of garments.
Pesher and Periodization
Authors: Tzoref Shani 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study re-examines the use of the term Pesher, and the related root , in Qumran compositions, and their significance with respect to conceptions of determinism and periodization in the corpus. It discusses how the treatment of the book of Genesis in 4Q180, 4Q252, and the Admonitions sections of the Damascus Document reflect a worldview and hermeneutic that are generally associated with the continuous and thematic pesharim at Qumran. Pesher compositions reveal how scripture is fulfilled in current events. These related works demonstrate the fulfillment of the divine grand plan in scripture and past events. It is suggested that these texts share a “performative” aspect: in all of these compositions, the act of transmitting divinely-revealed knowledge is as much an actualization and fulfillment of eschatological expectations as the unfolding social and political history that is tied to the texts.
The Yaad—What is in a Name?
Authors: van der Kooij Arie 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWhat does the noun Yaad in 1QS and related documents mean, and to what does it refer? In this article, which focuses on 1QS, it is suggested that the term Yaad is best understood against the background of the expression “sitting together” as attested in 11QTa 57:13 (about a council in session). Furthermore, regarding the question to what kind of organization the term refers, it is argued that two patterns are to be distinguished in 1QS, the first of which is comparable to the demos, the national assembly, as attested in 1 Maccabees, whereas the second one is marked by the emphasis on leading priests as guardians and interpreters of the Law. The conclusion is drawn that in 1QS the noun Yaad does not refer to the movement at large, but to the community of the fully initiated (male) members who lived at several localities.
A New Fragment of the Book of Ben Sira
Authors: Rand Michael , Elizur Shulamit 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn their article, the authors announce the discovery of a new fragment of the Hebrew Book of Ben Sira in the Cairo Genizah, in the Taylor-Schechter collection of the Cambridge University Library: T-S AS 118.78. The fragment is a part of ms. D. After a brief introduction, a critical edition of the text of the fragment is presented, including variant readings from parallel sources and notes to the text.
Examining the Reception and Impact of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Some Possibilities for Future Investigation
Authors: Collins Matthew A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe last sixty years afford us a remarkable, though largely unexplored, opportunity to examine the Dead Sea Scrolls from the perspective of “reception history.” This article first provides an overview of what has already been done with regard to this goal and highlights the importance and timeliness of such an approach, suggesting that it is furthermore a necessary endeavor if Qumran Studies is to keep pace with developments in the wider world of Biblical Studies. It continues by outlining some possible directions for future investigation, identifying academic reception, popular reception, and processes of knowledge transfer as three main areas or categories into which such examinations could helpfully be divided. The internal processes of scrolls scholarship, the relationship between Qumran Studies and Biblical Studies, gender issues, the scrolls in literature, film, music, and art, and the role of exhibitions, documentaries, and newspapers, are all highlighted as potential areas for future research.
Cult, Countenance, and Community: Donor Portraits from the Colonial Andes
Authors: Stanfield-Mazzi Maya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe article outlines the nature of the donor portrait, including its origins in Europe and its manifestations in Spanish colonial Peru. Then it considers three paintings featuring donor portraits and the miraculous statue known as Christ of the Earthquakes (El Señor de los Temblores). An introduction to the original statue, housed in the Cathedral of Cusco, and its cult is provided. Then the portraits are analyzed for the ways in which they express both similarity and difference. On one hand, the works served to unite the donors as pious Christians within the wider devotional community of Cusco; on the other hand, the works’ details served to distinguish and differentiate the donors based on their particular social and ethnic identities.
The Gospel According to this Moment: Thoreau, Wildness, and American Nature Religion
Authors: Hodder Alan D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractEver since the Sierra Club adopted the slogan, “In wildness is the preservation of the world,” the text from which it was drawn—Thoreau’s 1862 essay “Walking”—has been construed as a tribute to wild places. To some extent this reading keeps faith with sentiments expressed in the essay. At the same time, a closer look suggests that the essay as a whole is really more about the life of the spirit than life in the wild. Despite the popular appropriation of “Walking” as a manifesto of environmentalist advocacy, some critics have questioned the usual view of “Walking.” Such observations also have a bearing on Thoreau’s legacy as a progenitor of the literary expression of American nature spirituality. The purpose of this essay is to elucidate a particular experiential orientation to this spiritually-inflected notion of wildness, beginning with Thoreau and extending into the work of three literary exemplars of American nature religion—John Muir, Edward Abbey, and Annie Dillard.
Copenhagen 18/12: Africa Must Continue Calling for a Fair, Ambitious and Binding Climate Deal*
Authors: Nhamo Godwell 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe date, 18 December 2009, left the world perturbed, as global leaders failed to reach consensus on a legally binding climate deal in Copenhagen. Since Bali 2007, much work had been done on preparing for a fair, ambitious and legally binding climate deal. Accordingly, the non-binding Copenhagen (political) Accord was concluded paving the way for further talks in Mexico in 2010. However, the African continent maintained that it had received a raw deal. This paper presents the African Group’s climate position and analyses the implications of the Copenhagen Accord for the continent. The paper also presents a way forward for Mexico and beyond. The conclusion urges African governments to hold onto the gains of Copenhagen 2009 and to continue pushing for a fair, ambitious and legally binding climate deal.
Nigeria’s Elusive Quest for Democracy: Multinational Corporations and Sustenance of Authoritarianism*
Authors: Singh Nitya 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn 1999 Nigeria witnessed its second transition to democracy. However, not only have authoritarian regimes existed in Nigeria for a substantial part of its history but also the successive democratic governments since 1999 have continued to mirror the characteristics of these regimes. Thus, in the article I analyze this paradox by examining the role of multinational corporations in preventing the growth of democracy in Nigeria. I observe that the rentier incomes provided by the multinational oil corporations to the Nigerian state have enabled the authoritarian regimes to maintain themselves in power. Furthermore the multinational corporations have also played a very important role in ensuring the continuation of an “elite social class” supportive of these regimes, within the Nigerian society. These findings suggest that the important socio-economic position enjoyed by these multinational corporations within the Nigerian society, has resulted in the continuation of the authoritarian regimes and their policies within the Nigerian state.
Climate change threatens the survival of highly endangered Sardinian populations of the snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis
Authors: Bombi Pierluigi , Capula Massimo , D'Amen Manuela , Luiselli Luca 
Published: August 2011

Abstract

Sardinian populations of the snake Hemorrhois (= Coluber) hippocrepis are likely the most endangered populations of snakes in Italy. Major threats to survivorship are the anthropogenic habitat alteration and the extremely low population density, while nothing is known about the potential effects that climate change could exert on this species. The main goal of this paper is to provide helpful instruments for the short- and long-term conservation of H. hippocrepis in Sardinia. By means of an ecological modeling approach, we derived the Sardinian whip snake habitat suitability map, and we compared the potential range extent under present condition and future climatic scenarios. Results clearly show an alarming trend for H. hippocrepis conservation: changing climate conditions will cause a dramatic reduction on suitable surface since 2020, with a further collapse by 2050 (down to 11 km2). We also identified areas of species potential persistence up till 2050, where prospective management initiatives could have the greatest probability of success in this region. In particular, only one existing protected area will likely still keep suitable habitats for H. hippocrepis. Therefore, we suggest that very careful management of this relictual area should be implemented by now if we really want to save these exceedingly threatened snake populations.
The turtle is in the details: microhabitat choice by Testudo hermanni is based on microscale plant distribution
Authors: Vecchio Silvia Del , Burke Russell L. , Rugiero Lorenzo , Capula Massimo , Luiselli Luca 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Although research on habitat use and habitat selection is essential for understanding population ecology and behavior, most such zoological studies have used only general habitat categories describing main habitat features instead of using modern plant ecological approaches. Here, we analyze Testudo hermanni microhabitat use at a coastal Mediterranean site in central Italy by modeling tortoise presence/absence at three spatial scales, using a logistic regression design and quantitative vegetation and plant community analysis to reveal correlates of tortoise habitat use on a fine scale. Our analyses showed that only a few plant species among the many present, and these on a very small spatial scale, are important determinants of tortoise presence and site selection. We also find that tortoises chose a paradoxical combination of high levels of bare soil and high total vegetation cover. This suggests that these tortoises are selecting small patches of habitat in a matrix of less desirable habitat. Our findings also have important implications for habitat management, in that increasing the number of habitat patches containing the few significant plants is likely to be desirable, whereas increasing the size of such patches is probably less relevant.
Is food quality important for carnivores? The case of Puma concolor
Authors: Gómez-Ortiz Yuriana , Monroy-Vilchis Octavio , Fajardo Víctor , Mendoza Germán D. , Urios Vicente 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The composition and energetic content of puma (Puma concolor) diet in Sierra Nanchititla Natural Reserve (SNNR), Mexico, were determined. We collected 183 scats, where 27 components were identified by occurrence (88.07% mammals). The puma's diet was mainly composed of armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus, 40.33%), white-nosed coati (Nasua narica, 11.93%) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus, 6.17%). Energetic analysis of prey indicates that the puma prefers those with higher energetic content (kcal/kg). The prey with the most energetic contribution is armadillo (2398.70 kcal/kg), followed by white-nosed coati (2225.25 kcal/kg) and finally white-tailed deer (2165.52 kcal/kg). The differences in energetic content between prey species were statistically significant. The number of individuals killed/year on average to support a puma was 51 armadillos, 16 white-tailed deer and 7 white-nosed coatis. The results indicate a greater consumption of prey that provide more kilocalories to the predator, and suggests the importance of quality meat in the diet of pumas.
Immunization efficacy of ozone-exposed cercariae against subsequent Schistosoma mansoni challenge infection
Authors: Mohamed Azza H. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCD1 mice were immunized subcutaneously with 20 ozone-exposed (70μg/ml, 1 minute exposure) Schistosoma mansoni cercariae weekly/three weeks. The efficacy of immunization was assessed 10 weeks post challenge infection by the determination of the worm burden, ova count, oogram, granuloma diameter, IgG reactions against soluble egg antigen (SEA) and tegument structural changes of recovered worms that are immunized. A reduced worm length and a reduction in worm burden were observed in the immunized group as compared to the infected not immunized group. Moreover, no ova were found in liver and intestine from the immunized mice as compared with infected control mice. Also, immunization with ozonated cercariae showed a decrement in the mean relative weight of liver and spleen. Total leukocyte count was increased in the immunized animal as compared to the infected control. The level of total IgG antibody against SEA decreased in immunized mice as compared with the infected control mice. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of worms recovered 10 weeks post challenge from the immunized group revealed extensive tegumental destruction. This study underlines the significant role of ozone attenuated cercariae vaccine against S. mansoni infection, which generated specific immunity with a significant level of protection.
The presence of a “competitor pit effect” compromises wild rabbit (Orcytolagus cuniculus) conservation
Authors: Cabezas-Díaz Sara , Virgós Emilio , Mangas Julián G. , Lozano Jorge 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations have suffered a dramatic reduction over the last 30 years in Spain. Rabbit decline has been recurrently associated with several epizootics and habitat changes. The role of interspecific competition has been usually neglected. This study analyzes the effects of habitat suitability and wild boar (Sus scrofa) occurrence, a hypothetical predator and competitor species, on a small and isolated population of rabbits. To test this effect we used a GLM with the abundance of rabbits as response variable and wild boar occurrence as predictor. To avoid habitat confounding effects we included vegetation structure variables and elevation summarized in PCA factors. Rabbits showed a very restricted and aggregated distribution and a very low abundance across the study area. In contrast, wild boar was present in all sampled plots but one and showed moderatehigh abundance. The three best models included both wild boar occurrence and principal component factor 2. Rabbits were located in opened Mediterranean areas where trees were small and scarce, rock cover was low and wild boar occurrence was also low. Nowadays wild boar populations are not directly controlled in private lands and its hunting is forbidden in National Parks in Spain. Waiting for further research to evaluate the threshold of rabbit densities below which competitors and/or predators may prevent the recovery of rabbit populations, control of wild boars may be useful as a short-term strategy to recover small rabbit populations whenever it is linked to habitat improvements.