bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Syntheses of 2D Noble Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Toward Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Electrocatalysis‐Related Applications
Authors: Wang Jialong , Peng You , Zhou Tong , Fu Jiatian , Quan Wenzhi , Cheng Yujin , Ding Haoxuan , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract2D noble transition metal dichalcogenides (nTMDCs, PdX2 and PtX2, where X═S, Se, Te) have emerged as a new class of 2D materials, owing to their unique puckered pentagonal structure in 2D PdS2 and PdSe2, largely tunable band structures or band gaps with decreasing the layer thickness at the 2D limit, strong interlayer interactions, superior optoelectronic properties, high edge catalytic properties, etc. Directly synthesizing 2D nTMDCs domains or thin films with large‐area uniformity, tunable thickness, and high crystalline quality is the premise for exploring these salient properties and developing a wide range of applications. Hereby, this review summarizes recent progress in the direct syntheses and characterizations of 2D nTMDCs, mainly focusing on the thermally assisted conversion (TAC) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods, by using various metal and chalcogen‐contained precursors. Meanwhile, the applications of directly synthesized 2D nTMDCs in various fields, such as high‐performance field effect transistors (FETs), broadband photodetectors, superior catalysts in hydrogen evolution reactions, and ultra‐sensitive piezo resistance sensors, are also discussed. Finally, challenges and prospects regarding the direct syntheses of high‐quality 2D nTMDCs and their applications in next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic devices, as well as novel catalysts beyond noble metals are overviewed.
Enhanced Ion Transport Through Organized Cadmium Carbonate Nanocrystals in Collagen Fibrils for Efficient Biological Memristors
Authors: Zheng Zhuozhi , Jiang Minghao , Lv Ziyu , Liu Yin , Zhang Huanhuan , Fang Weijian , Xie Hao , Wang Hao , Wang Weimin , Ping Hang , Li Bin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOwing to the unique assembly of collagen molecules, collagen fibrils have a confined structure that can effectively guide the intrafibrillar‐oriented growth of inorganic crystals, such as hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate. However, utilizing this organized structure of mineralized collagen fibrils for rapid ion transport remains challenging. Herein, the oriented growth of functional cadmium carbonate (CdCO3) nanocrystals is reported within collagen fibrils and demonstrates that different areas within a single mineralized collagen fibril exhibit a uniform orientation. The results show that the precursor phase infiltrates the collagen through the gap zones owing to collagen confinement, gradually transforming into well‐oriented crystalline nanocrystals within the collagen. Adopting the principles of intrafibrillar mineralization with CdCO3, the mineralization process of collagen matrices can be regulated, such as collagen films and tendon slices, by adjusting the mineralization temperature, thereby modulating the stress generated in the collagen matrices, thus highlighting new possibilities for using organized biominerals in rapid ion transport. Additionally, the use of mineralized collagen fibrils are demonstrated in biological memristors. The fabricated memristor device exhibits a low set voltage (0.65 V) and high on/off ratio (≈106), highlighting the potential of mineralized collagen in advanced electronic applications.
Programmable Buckling of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Microtubes via Topology in Molecular Orientations
Authors: Zhu Youyang , Yi Shengzhu , Jiang Miao , Tian Yanqing , Zhang Rui , Wei Qi‐Huo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are highly stimuli‐responsive materials with programmable shape morphing via engineering molecular orientations. This study explores the buckling behavior of 3D‐printed LCE microtubes featuring topological defect profiles, revealing both wrinkled and unwrinkled buckling. The interplay between the director field topology and the height‐radius ratio regulates the buckling mode. For microtubes with a +1 defect profile, the number of wrinkles correlates inversely with the height‐radius ratio, with a threshold set by soft elasticity. For microtubes with defect charges other than +1, the number of wrinkles is determined by the balance between defect symmetry and height‐radius ratio, and the wrinkles locate primarily in areas where directors align with the circumferential direction. These findings highlight the potential to program buckling behavior by optimizing dimensions and director topologies of LCEs, paving a way for new responsive and adaptive structures and devices.
N‐Type Self‐Assembled Monolayers (SAMs): The Next Star Materials in the Perovskite Photovoltaic Field
Authors: Chen Xiaoyi , Yue Ziyao , Yang Haoran , Xu Bo , Cheng Yuanhang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) play a critical role in modifying the buried interface of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) by modulating the crystallization dynamics of perovskites and adjusting energy level alignment between perovskite layer and electrode. The integration of p‐type SAMs has driven the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of inverted p‐i‐n structured PVSCs to a world record efficiency of 26.7%. However, in PVSCs with traditional n‐i‐p structures, n‐type SAMs have not yet achieved comparable breakthroughs. Therefore, to unlock the full potential of n‐type SAMs, this review provides a comprehensive summary of their molecular structures, deposition methods, and passivation mechanisms. Recent advances in various n‐type SAMs, including fullerene‐based, naphthalene imide‐based, benzene‐based SAMs, and SAMs with other structures have been discussed in detail. Finally, future research directions and their associated challenges are outlined to guide efforts toward realizing the full potential of n‐type SAMs in PVSCs.
Enhanced Microwave Absorption of Multi‐Interface Core–Shell FeSiAl@MnOx@C Composites by Morphology Engineering
Authors: Luo Hui , Kong Lingxin , Lv Sihai , Li Qifan , Tang Mi , Ge Xujin , Chen Fu , Cheng Yongzhi , Li Xiangcheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe rational manipulation of interfacial properties, composition, and morphology of materials has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing their microwave absorption performance. The crystal phase composition, microstructure, and electromagnetic properties can be regulated by varying the thermal treatment temperature. The synergistic integration of heterogeneous interfaces, magnetic materials, microstructures, and defect engineering helps optimize impedance matching and enhance polarization and magnetic losses. Herein, multi‐interface core–shell FeSiAl@MnOx@C composites with various morphologies demonstrated superior microwave absorption performance. A minimum reflection loss of −56.3 dB is achieved at an absorber thickness of 1.41 mm, and effective absorption bandwidth of 5.0 GHz is obtained at a thickness of 1.59 mm. The radar cross‐section reduction value reached 19.448 at an incidence angle of 0°. The excellent microwave absorption performance is due to the synergistic effect of the significant magnetic and dielectric losses and improved impedance matching. This study establishes a foundation for designing next‐generation high‐performance microwave‐absorbing materials with high magnetic losses.
Harnessing the Power of Photosynthesis: from Current Engineering Strategies to Cell Factory Applications
Authors: Shi Yujie , Wang Zefeng , Zhao Xiaowei , Li Zhaoxin , Zheng Jing , Liu Jianbo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhotosynthesis has garnered significant interest due to its potential for retrofitting and its intrinsic enzyme‐mediated metabolic processes, which can convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into biomass powered by solar energy. However, natural photosynthesis is limited by factors such as low photosynthetic efficiency and constraints on the range of output products. To address these issues, researchers have developed various strategies for designing and engineering photosynthetic systems. These strategies include nanomaterial‐assisted approaches to enhance light absorption and accelerate electron transfer, microfluidic technologies for precise manipulation of enzyme modules, synthetic biology techniques to optimize metabolic pathways, and photo‐bioelectrochemical systems (PBESs) for efficient utilization of photosynthetic electrons. Inspired by these, numerous applications have emerged in the fields of artificial organelles, promotion of hypoxic tissue healing, bioproduction, and environmental production and sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles of photosynthesis, encompassing light and carbon reactions. Additionally, it offers an overview of recent strategies for the design, structuring, and engineering of photosynthetic systems, while discussing several applications of photosynthesis. Finally, this review highlights the potential of engineered photosynthetic systems to address challenges in energy and matter conversion across various fields, offering insights into the future of sustainable, photosynthesis‐based technologies.
Experimental behavior of shear deficient RC beams strengthened with CFRP strips againts reversible cylic earthquake load
Authors: Mercimek Ömer , Anıl Özgür , Akkaya Sercan Tuna , Erdem R. Tuğrul , Çelik Alper , Kopraman Yağmur , Abukan Ahmet 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study aims to prevent sudden and brittle shear failures in reinforced concrete beams, which are frequently caused by deficiencies in shear reinforcement. Following the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Turkey on February 6, 2023, inspections revealed that many reinforced concrete beams suffered severe damage due to design errors, high shear forces, and secondary effects. These issues are often a result of inadequate shear reinforcement and improper placement. The objective of this study is to enhance the overall load–displacement behavior of reinforced concrete beams with insufficient shear strength under cyclic loading conditions, transforming their failure mechanisms to exhibit ductile flexural failure. The developed strengthening method involves the use of CFRP strips with fan‐type anchors at their ends. This method has been applied to beams with both low and normal concrete compressive strength. The study investigates the maximum load capacity, initial stiffness, displacement ductility ratios, energy dissipation capacities, and overall load–displacement behavior of the tested beams under cyclic loading conditions. The impact of the strengthening method on beam performance is thoroughly evaluated. Additionally, the experimental results are compared with nonlinear finite element analyses conducted using ABAQUS software. The agreement between numerical analysis and experimental results is assessed, evaluating the reliability and accuracy of the finite element model. The findings of this study indicate that the proposed strengthening method is effective in enhancing the performance of reinforced concrete beams.
Study on Mechanical Performance of Built‐In Octagonal Encase Steel Core Tube Fully Bolted Assembly CFSST Column Connection Joint
Authors: Zhang Yanxia , Liu Jiahui , Zhang Ailin , Li Yanglong , Shen Sen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a built‐in octagonal encase steel core tube fully bolted assembly CFSST column connection joint (OCFSST). The proposed static test study was carried out on this connection joint and the welded CFSST column connection joint (WCFSST), and the data were processed, analyzed, and compared in terms of hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation, displacement ductility, bolt preload, strain changes, and the joint core area displacement angle. The average value of the horizontal bearing capacity of this joint is 5.60% higher than that of the welded CFSST column connection joint, which proves that this joint has better mechanical performance. The average difference of the hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and stiffness degradation curves derived from finite element and test data is not more than 8.13%, which proves that the finite element simulation method is effective. In addition, octagonal encase steel core tube, self‐tapping bolts, and concrete have a good deformation co‐ordination property, which can ensure the safety and stability of the structure. The OCFSST meets the performance design goal of “strong joints, weak components” and can improve the site construction efficiency, which has a good prospect for application.
Characterization of a new Lr52 allele for leaf rust resistance in the Iranian wheat landrace PI 622111
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Li Genqiao , Bai Guihua , Kolmer Jim , Xu Yuzhou , Bernardo Amy , Carver Brett F. , Tan Chengcheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLeaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), poses a constant threat to global wheat production, and novel leaf rust resistance genes are needed to combat the disease. A previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker associated with leaf rust resistance in the terminal region of chromosome arm 5BS in the Iranian landrace PI 622111. An F2 population and 175 F2:3 families from cross PI 622111 × Yuanyu 3 were evaluated for response to Pt isolate Pt52‐2 (MMPSD). Genotyping‐by‐sequencing analysis and genotyping of a subset of the F2 plants identified 32 SNPs closely associated with leaf rust resistance in the target region. Some of these SNPs were converted into kompetitive allele‐specific polymorphic (KASP) markers and used to genotype the F2 population together with a set of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers also located in the target genomic region. Linkage analysis delimited the leaf rust resistance gene in PI 622111, designated Lr622111, to a 0.4 Mb interval flanked by Xstars700 (7.22 Mb) and Xstars678 (7.62 Mb) in IWGSC RefSeq v.2.1. An allelism test involving 811 F2 plants indicated that Lr622111 was allelic to Lr52. Since PI 622111 reacted differently from the Lr52 donor to Pt races in the GWAS, Lr622111 is considered a new Lr52 allele conferring a wide spectrum of resistance to current US Pt races. KASP marker Xstars‐KASP239, which is 0.9 cM distal to Lr622111, can be widely used to tag Lr622111 in breeding populations.
Revealing the Hidden Potential of Ultraviolet (UV)‐C Irradiation for Controlling Aquatic Toxicity Caused by Harmful Algal Blooms
Authors: Bisht Lekhani , Mitra Debasis , Joshi Naveen Chandra , Joshi Harish Chandra , Gururani Prateek 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHarmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a significant threat to freshwater, brackish, and marine habitats. HABs have numerous harmful impacts, such as the creation of odorous compounds, disinfection byproducts, and the release of toxic substances. Various physical, biological, and chemical techniques have been attempted to prevent blooms. However, the bulk of HABs management methods currently in use concentrate on emergent removals; as a result, these methods are usually less effective because they are immobile. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has gained lots of attention lately as a possible remedy for lowering HABs. In this review paper, we have combined the recent information about various toxic effects of algal blooms, UV‐C irradiation (UV‐C irradiation), starting from the other methods used for the removal of HABs, continuing with the UV‐C facilities, particularly flow‐through reactors, enabling the development of shipborne UV‐C facilities, and the practical way through which the UV‐C irradiation technique was made in use to remove HABs. Further, including the mechanism, suppression factors, application of the UV‐C technique, and algal growth recovery. The effects of UV‐induced damage on nucleic acid, the photosynthesis system, settleability, cell integrity, and oxidative pressure were responsible for the suppression effects on algal cell density. The suppression factors to which attention needs to be paid are humic acid, salinity, turbidity, nitrate, and pH.
Theoretical Underpinnings of Snow Interception and Canopy Snow Ablation Parameterisations
Authors: Cebulski A. C. , Pomeroy J. W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn needleleaf forests, up to half of annual snowfall may be returned to the atmosphere through sublimation of snow intercepted in the canopy. However, limited and sparse observations of snow interception and ablation processes have hindered the development of fundamental theories underpinning current estimates of snow accumulation in forests. Existing parameterisations for snow interception and ablation have been developed in locations with distinctive climate, tree species and forest structures, resulting in inconsistent and non‐comprehensive process representations. This variability limits the transferability of these parameterisations across diverse landscapes and climates. Moreover, difficulties in isolating individual processes in field‐based measurements has led to parameterisations that inadvertently coupled multiple processes, adding to uncertainty. Many studies have also simplified original parameterisations and do not include recent advances from observational studies. This review article aims to elucidate the theoretical foundations and assumptions underlying the current snow interception and ablation parameterisations to provide a better understanding of uncertainties in existing methods and identify priorities for future field‐based observational studies. The methods behind snow interception and ablation studies are also reviewed to provide necessary context for examining current parameterisations. Specific gaps in the literature include determining the canopy snow storage capacity, challenges in distinguishing snow throughfall measurements from canopy snow ablation, partitioning unloading rates and canopy snowmelt drainage, the assumption of vertical falling hydrometeor trajectories, the absence of wind resuspension parameterisations, and the limited testing of parameterisations in varied forests and climates.
Virtual Monochromatic Image Guided Denoising Algorithm Based on Expectation Maximization Global Self‐Similarity for Dual‐Energy CT
Authors: Fang Xiongmin , Zou Jing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDual energy computed tomography (DECT) provides superior material distinguish ability than conventional single energy CT. However, a key challenge in DECT is the noise amplification during material decomposition, which severely degrades the quality of the basis material images. In this study, a virtual monochromatic (VM) image guided denoising algorithm based on Expectation Maximization (EM) Global Self‐Similarity is proposed. The algorithm extracts the structural features of the VM image and employs a computationally efficient approach to calculate global self‐similarity for the denoising of material images. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate its denoising performance in DECT material decomposition. Compared to other competitive methods, the algorithm achieves higher Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) values, and shows remarkable capability in handling artifacts caused by non‐uniform noise.
The low FODMAP diet in adolescents functional abdominal in a non-guided setting: a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Rexwinkel Robyn , Vermeijden Nicolaas Koen , Zeevenhooven Judith , Kelder Johannes , Groeneweg Michael , Hummel Thalia , Goede Joery , van Wering Herbert , Stapelbroek Janneke , Benninga Marc , Vlieger Arine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) in adolescents with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) in a non-guided setting, resembling clinical practice. This prospective multicenter cohort study conducted in 13 centers included patients aged 12–18 years diagnosed with IBS or FAP-NOS. Patients received educational material on FODMAPs, including extensive lists of high and low FODMAP foods and additional online information. They were instructed to replace high FODMAP foods with low FODMAP alternatives for the duration of 4 weeks. No dietician was consulted. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with treatment success (≥ 30% reduction of abdominal pain intensity) at 4 weeks. The key secondary outcome was adequate relief of IBS/FAP-NOS symptoms. Of the 325 included patients, 81 patients (24.9%) achieved treatment success (≥ 30% reduction of abdominal pain intensity) after 4 weeks, with higher rates in patients with IBS (29.3%) than FAP-NOS (16.8%, OR 2.16 (1.04–4.48)). Adequate relief was reported in 51 patients (15.7%). There was a significant decrease in abdominal pain intensity (2.2 (1.1) vs. 2.5 (1.0), P < 0.001), daily bloating (2.4 (2.1) vs. 2.8 (2.3), P < 0.001), and flatulence (2.4 (2.1) vs. 2.8 (2.3), P = 0.001). Adverse events were mild and infrequent.

Conclusion: The low FODMAP diet in a non-guided setting, mimicking clinical practice, yielded treatment success in almost 30% adolescents with IBS and 17% in FAP-NOS, suggesting it may not be the first treatment option for these patients.

Trial registration: EUCTR2015-003293–32-NL.

What is Known:• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain-not otherwise specified (FAP-NOS) are common disorders in children which negatively impact quality of life.• While a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) has demonstrated effectiveness in adult IBS, its efficacy in pediatric IBS and FAP-NOS remains uncertain.• Clinical application of the low FODMAP diet often occurs without dietician consultation, contrary to controlled trial settings.
What is New:
• The low FODMAP diet, without dietician guidance, resulted in treatment success in almost 30% of adolescents with IBS and only 17% with FAP-NOS.
• With only 15.7% of participants achieving adequate relief of IBS/FAP-NOS symptoms, the non-guided low FODMAP diet may not be the first treatment option for pediatric IBS and FAP-NOS.