bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prosthetic rehabilitation modalities and their socioeconomic association in a sample of adult Egyptians
Authors: Elboraey Asmaa N. , Moussa Amani R. , Eissa Sherihan M. , ElGabry Hisham S. 
Published: May 2024

Background
Teeth loss results in significant complications that can severally affect the individuals’ general health and social activities. Several studies have documented the association between socioeconomic issues and the prevalence of oral diseases and prosthetic rehabilitation. Thus, this study aimed to explore the impact of socioeconomic factors on prosthetic rehabilitation modalities in a sample of adult urban and rural Egyptian populations.

Patients and methods
A total of 400 adults of age over 18 years were included in this study. Half of them were from urban governorates (Cairo and Giza). And the other half were from the rural governorate (Al-Fayoum). Information concerning demographic (sex and age) and socioeconomic (education level, occupation, and income) factors were collected using the modified WHO questionnaire. In addition, prosthetic rehabilitation status was evaluated through intraoral examination.

Results
The percentage of female participants was higher than males in both urban and rural regions. The age range for more than two-thirds of the participants was from 30 to 60 years. In urban areas, about 39% of participants were completely dentulous, 34.5% were partially edentulous without prosthetic rehabilitation, and only 26.5% made dental prostheses. Regarding rural participants, about 35% of them were completely dentulous, 64.5% partially edentulous without prosthetic treatment, and only 0.05% received prosthesis. Comparison between the urban and rural dentition status and rehabilitation modalities showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Socioeconomic factors (education, occupation, and income) affect the type of prosthetic treatment modalities, particularly fixed prostheses especially in the urban area.

Conclusion
Socioeconomic determinants greatly affected prosthetic rehabilitation modalities in the studied urban and rural Egyptians. In rural areas, socioeconomic factors negatively impacted the capability of prosthetic treatment.
Immunohistochemical expression of CD163 in colorectal carcinoma and its prognostic value
Authors: Yassen Noha N. , Shabana Marwa E. , Desouky Maha K. , Badawi Manal A. , Abouelfadl Dalia M. 
Published: May 2024

Background/aim
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide with one of the highest mortality rate. CD163 is a 130-KDa transmembrane protein, known to be involved in hemoglobin clearance by functioning as a receptor for hemoglobin–haptoglobin complex. Several studies have demonstrated that CD163 is expressed on some cancer cells, and its expression is associated with poor clinical prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate CD163 to assess the distribution of macrophages in invasive margins and intratumoral infiltration area, using computerized image analysis, to evaluate its prognostic value and its association with other clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal carcinoma.

Patients and methods
The present study enrolled 80 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRC surgical specimens, obtained from the Department of Pathology of National Research Centre, Egypt, and examined for the expression of CD163 in CRCs by immunohistochemical techniques. The morphometric analysis was done on the invasive margins and intratumoral infiltration area in each slide.

Results
The study cases of colorectal carcinoma patients, 46 (57.5%) cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma and rest 34 (42.5%) cases were mucinous carcinoma. Twenty-two cases (22/80) showed a low intratumoral infiltration area and moderate invasive margin. CD163+ intratumoral infiltration significantly correlated with age, tumor site, tumor type, lymph node status, and metastasis. On the other hand, CD163+ invasive margins significantly correlated with tumor grade, tumor classification, metastatic status, tumor stage, and Duke’s classification.

Conclusion
Invasive front of the tumor is the most suitable area for the evaluation of tumor-associated macrophages that is important in detecting prognostic prediction of colon cancer and its clinical outcome. So, it can be considered as an ideal prognostic marker in the treatment of colon cancer.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate and blood pressure in a sample of obese Egyptian adolescents
Authors: El-Shaheed Azza Abd , Moustafa Rehab S.I. , Sallam Sara F. , Mahfouz Nermine N. , El-Zayat Salwa R. , Sibaii Hiba , El-Kassaby Mahitab I. , Mourad Hagar H. 
Published: May 2024

Background/aim
Obesity is a major risk factor for some comorbid conditions. Our goal was to study the relationship between obesity and kidney function in adolescents using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as well as to study blood pressure (BP) in obese adolescents.

Patients and methods
This study included 45 male and female adolescents who visited the Child Health Clinic at the NRC, Egypt, with BMI more than or equal to 85th centile and aged 10–18 years old, and 45 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls with BMI less than 85th centile. Serum creatinine as determined by the spectrophotometric method, the estimated glomerular filtration calculated using the revised Schwartz formula, and BP were compared between the studied groups.

Results
The results indicated that serum creatinine and BP were significantly higher in obese patients than healthy control group (P<0.05). In contrast, the eGFR was lower in the obese patients than in the control group (P<0.05). In obese adolescents, there were negative correlations between eGFR and systolic BP, diastolic BP, creatinine, and BMI (P≤0.05). In addition, there were positive correlations between BMI and each of systolic and diastolic BP (P<0.01).

Conclusions
Obese adolescents exhibited lower eGFR estimations, slightly increased serum creatinine, and elevated BP results, being compatible with some degree of renal impairment. Therefore, BP and renal function should be routinely checked in obese adolescents.
A study of CD11b rs1143679 gene polymorphism in Egyptian systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Fouda Mona E. , Fawzy Rasha M. , Ameen Seham G. , Shoaib Mona M. , Abd El-Hassib Dalia M. 
Published: May 2024

Background/aim
The exact cause of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disorder, is still vague. However, it is believed that its pathogenesis could be a result of the interplay between genetics and the environment. One such genetic factor is a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the CD11b gene (rs1143679) that has been shown to potentially increase a person’s susceptibility to SLE. This study aims to investigate the possible link of CD11b rs1143679 gene polymorphism to the risk of developing SLE, as well as the different manifestations and the disease severity in the studied group of Egyptian SLE patients.

Patients and methods
The present study enrolled 50 patients with SLE from Benha University Hospitals, Egypt. In addition to 30 apparently healthy individuals served as control, the CD11b gene (rs1143679) genetic variant was investigated by real-time PCR. The individuals with SLE were based on the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria.

Results
A significant association of GA genotype (odds ratio=1.908, 95% confidence interval=1.021–3.568, P<0.05) with the risk to develop SLE and A allele was also linked to an elevated risk for SLE in comparison to the G allele (odds ratio=1.881, 95% confidence interval=1.038–3.408, P<0.05).

Conclusion
The CD11b rs1143679 gene polymorphism might be a potential risk factor for SLE in Egyptians.
Evaluation of core-needle biopsy in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 breast mass
Authors: Diab Khaled , Zaidan Mohamed F. , Samir Sameh , Derballa Obaida A. , Aboelnor Mahmoud I. , Habashy Hany F. 
Published: May 2024

Background/aim
A crucial approach for finding breast cancer sooner is the triple examination of breast diseases. Our goal was to determine if ultrasound-guided core biopsies were required to investigate clinically ambiguous breast tumors that lacked imaging features suspicious for malignancy in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 3.

Patients and methods
A prospective study was performed on 50 patients fulfilling our eligibility criteria who presented with symptomatic indeterminate breast masses chosen according to our selection criteria and underwent an ultrasonography-guided core biopsy in the period from January 2021 to March 2022.

Results
A total of 50 clinically ambiguous breast masses were investigated, of which 47 (94%) were benign lesions, including 34 (68%) lesions were fibroadenomas, six (12%) lesions were fibrocystic disorder without ductal hyperplasia, one (2%) lesion was fibrocystic disease with ductal hyperplasia with no atypia, and six (12%) lesions showed periductal mastitis. Two (4%) lesions were proliferative breast lesions with focal atypia. One (2%) lesion was infiltrating duct carcinoma grade 2.

Conclusion
Ultrasound-guided core biopsy is necessary for investigating clinically indeterminate breast mass in symptomatic patients with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 3 finding on imaging, for early detection of malignancy and atypical hyperplastic changes.
Contingency plan for continuity of HIV services during emergencies
Authors: Gamaleldin Nahla A. 
Published: May 2024

Background/aim
Public health emergencies such as the current COVID-19 crisis, impose a major burden on health systems, complicating access to quality health services. With an already exhausted health system and scarce resources, the burden is greater, placing the most vulnerable groups at higher risk of being left behind. This paper was done to develop a risk assessment and contingency plan guide built on the good practices developed in the context of COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt to ensure continuity of HIV services.

Participants and methods
Qualitative survey was done to collect data included individual interviews and focus group discussions with people living with HIV (PLHIV) and most at risk populations to collect their experiences and perspectives about how HIV/AIDS is managed during emergencies and the impact of emergencies on PLHIV

Results
The majority of PLHIV (80%) together with key population emphasizes the availability of antiretroviral drugs all the times except for few of them (20%) who experienced one- or two-times unavailability of one of lines of treatment. it was repeated that existing health services were interrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic and access to HIV prevention, care was disturbed and hindered due to many factors (insecurity, fear and lack of information and lack of social and financial support).

Conclusion
In any emergency crisis there is an increase vulnerability to HIV transmission but also disrupt adherence to HIV care and treatment services.
A low serum microRNA-497-5p expression level is associated with primary breast cancer among Egyptian female patients
Authors: Zaki Moyassar A. , Ahmed Mohamed A. , Ehab El Mansy Hazem M. , Omer Sahar M. , Mohamed Marwa A. 
Published: May 2024

Background/aim
Circulating forms of micro(mi)RNAs are nowadays increasingly recognized as noninvasive promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and management of breast cancer (BC). Among the numerous miRNAs studied in BC, tissue expressed miR-497-5p and miR-182-5p proved to serve as promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target tools in BC; yet little is known about their circulating forms in the peripheral blood of such patients. The study aimed to evaluate serum expression levels of miR-497-5p and miR-182-5p in Egyptian female patients with newly diagnosed BC and their possible association with different clinicopathological features.

Patients and methods
The study was conducted on 50 primary BC patients at the Medical Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt, in addition to 50 healthy female volunteers as a control group. Preoperative serum samples were taken from all patients and from healthy volunteers. Relative quantifications of serum miR-182-5p and miR-497-5p expression levels were done using a reverse transcription-quantitative real time PCR.

Results
The study showed that the median value for fold change in serum miR-497-5p expression was significantly down regulated in BC patients group compared to the healthy control group. A receiver operating characteristics curve generated a cutoff value of 0.54. In serum miR-497-5p expression level was used to discriminate BC patients from controls with a diagnostic specificity of 88%, a sensitivity of 56%, and an overall test accuracy of 68.8%. However, no statistically significant difference was noted in serum miR-182-5p expression level between BC patients and control group. Nevertheless, its serum expression level was significantly higher in BC patients with lymph node involvement compared with BC patients without nodal involvement.

Conclusion
The downregulated serum miR-497-5p expression in BC patients compared with the healthy control group points to loss of its protective role in such BC patients. Further studies of this miRNA on a larger sample of patients with different molecular subtypes are recommended.
Prediction of wound complications after major amputation for patients with critical limb ischemia
Authors: El-Sayed El-Imam Sameh 
Published: May 2024

Background/aim
Management of patients with critical limb ischemia from peripheral vascular disease is still a big issue for vascular and endovascular surgeons. For patients who are not candidates for revascularization, 20–40% will undergo major amputation within 6–12 months. Mortality following major amputation of the lower extremity in these patients has been high. This study aims at identifying important factors that lead to wound complications following major amputation in patients with end-stage critical ischemia.

Patients and methods
This study enrolled 120 in patients who underwent major lower extremity amputations affected by critical limb ischemia, since January 2017 and till March 2020, in the Vascular Surgery Departments at Al-Azhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. A total of 67 patients underwent transfemoral above-knee amputations (AKA) and 53 underwent transtibial below-knee amputations (BKA). The follow-up was done at first week and first, third, and sixth months postoperatively, and 1-year mortality was assessed as well. The various risk factors were analyzed in this study, including age, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hemodialysis, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein-quantitative (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase, and serum albumin level.

Results
The present study exhibited that most cases were men (75%) and former smokers (64.2%). A total of 91 patients (75.8%) had a history of hypertension. Univariate analysis exhibited that there were defiantly more wound occurrences (P<0.05) for those patients who underwent BKA in the greater than or equal to 55-year-old age group, smokers, patients with high WBCs, patients with low serum albumin level and with positive CRP, and dialysis-dependent patients. However, the patients who underwent an AKA, the multivariate analysis determined positive CRP and dialysis dependent as significant predictors (P<0.05) of a wound occurrence.

Conclusion
Predictors that significantly increased the risks of delayed recovery for those who underwent BKAs are greater than or equal to 55-year-old group, smokers, patients with elevated WBCs, and patients on dialysis proved to be predictive, and for AKA the predictive factors were low serum albumin level, patients with high WBCs, and patients with dialysis dependence.
Role of follicular fluid leptin hormone in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome in assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Elabd Mohamed M. , Orief Yasser I. , Gwely Ghada M.E. 
Published: May 2024

Background/aim
Granulosa cells have the capacity for producing and storing leptin, proposing that this hormone is locally involved in regulating follicular growth. The aim of this work was to evaluate the levels of follicular fluid (FF) leptin hormone and its correlation with pregnancy outcome in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) cases undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles using both long gonadotrophin-producing hormone (GnRH) agonist and fixed GnRH antagonist protocols.

Patients and methods
This was a randomized controlled trial that included 100 patients with PCOS from the reproductive unit of Alexandria University Hospitals, Egypt, who were randomly allocated in two groups (50 patients ech): group 1 included patients with PCOS undergoing long GnRH agonist protocol, and group 2 included patients with PCOS undergoing fixed GnRH antagonist protocol. Anthropometric measurements were done, in addition to assays of FF leptin, serum Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone levels, assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques.

Results
FF leptin had a highly significant increase in nonpregnant patients when compared with pregnant patients in both groups. In addition, there were significant increases in BMI and weight, whereas insingnificant difference regarding height between nonagonist and antagonist groups.

Conclusion
Leptin can negatively influence in-vitro fertilizations outcomes via weakening several stages of endometrial and ovarian physiology. The exact function of leptin in the poorer outcomes commonly found in obese cases throughout controlled ovarian stimulation needs to be explained, and there is a need to assess the correlation between free bioactive leptin and in-vitro fertilizations cycle parameters.
Metastatic Prostate Cancer: The Optimal Sequencing and Bone Health Management Strategies
Authors: Mishra Sourav Kumar , Vanidassane Ilavarasi , Das Sthiti , Mohanty Sambit 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Remarkable progress has been made in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer in the last decade. Prior to initiation of therapy, risk stratification is of paramount importance. Androgen deprivation therapy along with newer systemic therapies are the mainstay of treatment in the metastatic setting. Local therapy and bone directed therapy are important considerations. In this review we discuss the appropriate sequencing strategies in metastatic prostate cancer.
Pharmacokinetic and Relative Bioavailability of Three Secoiridoid Glycosides in Beagle Dog Plasma After Oral Administration of Conventional and Enteric-Coated Capsules of Gentianella acuta Extract
Authors: Wang Zhi-Bin , Li Kai , Wang Meng , Wu Gao-Song , Bi Yu-Jin , Kuang Hai-Xue 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
To simultaneously investigate the pharmacokinetics of gentiopicroside, sweroside, and swertiamarin, which are constituents of Gentianella acuta, by developing and validating a simple, sensitive, and fast ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples were collected from the forward limb veins of six beagle dogs following oral gavage with G. acuta, the whole plant extract (39.90 mg/kg). Plasma samples were processed using liquid–liquid extraction. The analytes and paeoniflorin (internal standard [IS]) were separated using an Acquity® UPLC ethylene bridged hybrid amide column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with isocratic elution using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring of the fragmentation transitions at m/z 401.1→179.0, 403.1→195.0, 419.1→179.0, and 525.2→449.1 for gentiopicroside, sweroside, swertiamarin, and the IS, respectively.

Results:
The linearity of the analytical response was good and the calibration curves were linear over concentration ranges of 1.20–192.0, 0.40–159.0, and 0.20–209.3 ng/mL for gentiopicroside, sweroside, and swertiamarin, respectively. The extraction recovery was in the range of 84.72%–91.34%, 84.58%–93.43%, and 82.75%–91.37% for gentiopicroside, sweroside, and swertiamarin, respectively.

Conclusions:
The method was successfully used to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of gentiopicroside, sweroside, and swertiamarin in beagle dogs.
Good labeling property of simple nested fractals
Authors: Nieradko Mikoł aj , Olszewski Mariusz 
Published: May 2024

We show various criteria to verify if a given nested fractal has a good labeling property, inter alia we present a characterization of GLP for fractals with an odd number of essential fixed points. We show a convenient reduction of the area to be investigated in the verification of GLP and give examples that further reduction is impossible. We prove that if the number of essential fixed points is a power of two, then a fractal must have GLP and that there are no values other than primes or powers of two guaranteeing GLP. For all other numbers of essential fixed points, we are able to construct examples having and others not having GLP.
Queering Neverland
Authors: Murphey Fiona Rose 
Published: May 2024

During the spring 2023 semester, I assistant directed a double-cast, queer production of Kimberly Belflower’s Lost Girl at American University. In the process, I developed a “dramaturgy of care”—an approach to integrating dramaturgical principles into a variety of theatrical disciplines. Using this approach, theatre makers of all stripes should make the time for deep text analysis, research (on the text and how it’s situated culturally, historically, and politically), discussions, and purposeful cross-role collaboration—from the prep and pre-rehearsal phase through a show’s opening. By putting this method into practice with Lost Girl, our creative team fostered a more thoughtful, caring process, as could anyone who keeps these principles in mind.
Kurangnya Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran pada Materi KPK dan FPB di Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah 6
Authors: Tondang Bella , Lilyana Grace , Estetika Mei Vina , Manalu Raiga Yesica , Putri Ribka Trifena , Nurhudayah Nurhudayah 
Published: May 2024

Pembelajaran matematika di sekolah dasar tidak hanya ditujukan pada peningkatan kemampuan dalam berhitung atau menerapkan rumus dalam menyelesaikan soal - soal yang rutin saja. Pemecahan masalah merupakan salah satu aspek yang penting dalam pembelajaran matematika. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah sangat diperlukan siswa terkait dengan kebutuhan siswa untuk memecahkan masalah yang dihadapinya dalam kehidupan sehari - hari serta mempu mengembangkan diri mereka sendiri. Siswa terkadang merasa malas memecahkan masalah disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan yang mereka miliki untuk menyelesaikannya. Pada umumnya di SD pembelajaran matematika yang mengembangkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah belum mendapat banyak perhatian dari guru - guru. Guru seringkali menekankan pada penyampaian materi pelajaran dan hitungan untuk menyelesaikan soal daripada memberikan situasi yang menekankan pada penguasaan kemampuan pemecahan masalah dengan membiasakan memberi masalah - masalah non-rutin yang menuntut siswa untuk berpikir menggunakan pengetahuan yang telah dimiliki sebelumnya untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut sehingga tidak ada lagi siswa yang tidak bisa menyelesaikan soal dengan alasan tidak tahu atau lupa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat penguasaan konsep kelipatan, konsep faktor, algoritma mencari KPK dan FPB, serta membedakan bilangan prima dan bukan bilangan prima.