bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis on the association between non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug use and ovarian cancer
Authors: Ni Xiaojian , Ma Jingjing , Zhao Yingchun , Wang Ying , Wang Shui 
Published: April 2012

AIM Animal and in vitro studies suggest that the use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be associated with reduced risk for ovarian cancer. However, results from these studies have been inconsistent. The aim of our study was to review and summarize the evidence provided by longitudinal studies on the association between NSAID use and ovarian cancer risk.METHODS A comprehensive literature search for articles published up to December 2011 was performed. Prior to performing a meta‐analysis, the studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Relative risk (RR) or odds ratios (OR) were calculated.RESULTS Seventeen reports (13 case–control studies, one clinical trial and three cohort studies), published between 1998 and 2011 were identified. There was no evidence of an association between aspirin use and ovarian cancer risk based on a random‐effects model (RR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82, 1.01) or a fixed‐effects model (RR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.87, 1.01). Similarly, we did not find strong evidence of an association between non‐aspirin NSAID use and ovarian cancer using a random‐effects model (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.74, 1.08) or a fixed‐effects model (RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.76, 0.98). Furthermore, our analysis did not show a strong association between frequency or duration of non‐aspirin‐NSAID use and ovarian cancer.CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that there is no strong evidence of an association between aspirin/NA‐NSAID use and ovarian cancer. However, this subject deserves further investigation.
Crossing no man's land: a specialist support service for parents with learning disabilities
Authors: Tarleton Beth , Porter Sue 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the key role played by a specialist Parents with Learning Disabilities team in supporting parents with learning disabilities who are involved with child protection services. This team is recognized as working through three levels of relationships to enable parents to engage firstly with this service and then with services concerned with the welfare of their children. The team also promotes positive multi‐agency relationships. The service is praised, by parents, for its respectful, trusting yet honest and challenging relationships and was also respected and trusted by child protection workers, who are sure of the team's commitment to the welfare of the children and who see them as central to the support that is provided to parents with learning disabilities. Parents who have previously had children removed are engaged with children's services and being supported to parent by this service which is living out the principles of positive support for this group of parents discussed in the Good Practice Guidance on Working with Parents with Learning Disabilities (Department of Health and Department for Education and Skills) and Finding the Right Support (2006).
Social workers' perspectives on parental engagement when children are at risk in Romanian society
Authors: Popoviciu Salomea , Birle Delia , Popoviciu Ioan , Bara Daniel 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the findings of a study that looked at social workers' perspectives on parental engagement in making the difficult choice of either taking the child into care or keeping the family together. The paper first explores the specific context of children at risk in Romanian society and explains that in this middle‐income nation there is an absence of evidence‐based risk assessment tools, which prompts social workers to use their own ‘common sense’ risk assessment indicators. The findings of this small‐scale, non‐representative study on several public non‐voluntary child protection services in Romania suggest that social workers' perceptions of specific dimensions of parental engagement in non‐voluntary child protection may influence service delivery decisions and outcomes.
IL‐17 eliminates therapeutic effects of oral tolerance in murine airway allergic inflammation
Authors: Kawakami H. , Koya T. , Kagamu H. , Kimura Y. , Sakamoto H. , Yamabayashi C. , Furukawa T. , Sakagami T. , Miyabayashi T. , Hasegawa T. , Suzuki E. , Narita I. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackgroundOral tolerance is a classically used strategy for antigen‐specific systemic immunotherapy. However, the roles of IL‐17 in modification of oral tolerance are not yet understood.ObjectiveTo define the effects of IL‐17 on the modification of oral tolerance, the effects of transfer of Th17 cells, administration of IL‐17 or anti‐IL‐17 antibody (αIL‐17Ab) to a murine allergic airway inflammation model were investigated.MethodsMice sensitized to and challenged with OVA, received OVA feeding, followed by OVA challenges. Transfer of Th17 cells, administration of IL‐17 or αIL‐17Ab were executed during OVA feeding. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, Th2 cytokine response and lung pathology were assessed.ResultsAdministration of IL‐17 as well as transfer of Th17 cells aggravated AHR and airway allergic inflammation as compared with the findings in mice subjected to OVA feeding alone, whereas administration of αIL‐17Ab ameliorated AHR and airway eosinophilia. The effects of Th17 transfer were presumably attributable to augmentation of endogenous IL‐6 production in gut. The number of Foxp3‐positive regulatory T (Treg) cells in lungs and Payer's patches was increased in the OVA fed mice, whereas the number of these cells was decreased in the mice subjected to OVA feeding + Th17 cell transfer. Neutralization of IL‐6 by monoclonal antibody in the mice subjected to OVA feeding + transfer of Th17 cells restored the effects of oral tolerance.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese data suggest that IL‐17 may inhibit the induction of tolerance to antigen through, at least in part augmenting IL‐6 production, thereby suppressing the expansion of Treg cells.
Seasonal reduction in vitamin D level persists into spring in NSW Australia: implications for monitoring and replacement therapy
Authors: Boyages Steven , Bilinski Kellie 
Published: April 2012

SummaryContextSeasonal variation in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25OHD] status and its relationship to gender, age, socioeconomic and geographic determinants in Australians has not been described in large biomedical sampling cohorts.ObjectivesTo analyse 25OHD levels in all primary tests undertaken consecutively in a 2‐year period to determine the prevalence of 25OHD deficiency and its relation to patient setting, gender, age, season, urban or rural residency, socioeconomic status, latitude and longitude.DesignWe assessed 24 819 ambulatory and inpatient samples taken from the largest reference laboratory in NSW, Australia between 01 July 2008 and 30 July 2010.Main outcome measuresSerum 25OHD was measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25OHD <50 nm.ResultsMedian 25OHD was 54 nm ranging from 63 nm in summer to 44 nm in spring and was lowest in inpatient women (49 nm) and highest in ambulatory men (64 nm). Mean 25OHD peaked in January (67 nm) and reached a nadir in August/September (39 nm). During summer, 36% subjects overall had a level below 50 nm, increasing to 58% in spring. The highest prevalence of deficiency occurred in female inpatients (42% in summer and 62% in spring). Factors associated with lower 25OHD included being tested in spring, an inpatient, female, aged 20–39 or >79 years, socioeconomically disadvantaged and from a major city.ConclusionThis cross‐sectional study demonstrates the extent and duration of 25OHD deficiency is greater than expected, and particular individuals are at higher risk. Our findings imply that supplementation guidelines need to be modified and strengthened.
Monitoring and volumetric estimation of injected CO2 using 4D seismic, petrophysical data, core measurements and well logging: a case study at Ketzin, Germany
Authors: Ivanova Alexandra , Kashubin Artem , Juhojuntti Niklas , Kummerow Juliane , Henninges Jan , Juhlin Christopher , Lüth Stefan , Ivandic Monika 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMore than 50 000 tons of CO2 have been injected at Ketzin into the Stuttgart Formation, a saline aquifer, at approximately 620 m depth, as of summer 2011. We present here results from the 1st repeat 3D seismic survey that was performed at the site in autumn 2009, after about 22 000 tons of CO2 had been injected. We show here that rather complex time‐lapse signatures of this CO2 can be clearly observed within a radius of about 300 m from the injection well. The highly irregular amplitude response within this radius is attributed to the heterogeneity of the injection reservoir. Time delays to a reflection below the injection level are also observed. Petrophysical measurements on core samples and geophysical logging of CO2 saturation levels allow an estimate of the total amount of CO2 visible in the seismic data to be made. These estimates are somewhat lower than the actual amount of CO2 injected at the time of the survey and they are dependent upon the choice of a number of parameters. In spite of some uncertainty, the close agreement between the amount injected and the amount observed is encouraging for quantitative monitoring of a CO2 storage site using seismic methods.
Upstaging of early colorectal cancers following improved lymph node yield after methylene blue injection
Authors: Jepsen Rikke Karlin , Ingeholm Peter , Lund Eva Løbner 
Published: April 2012

Jepsen R K, Ingeholm P & Lund E L  (2012) Histopathology 61, 788–794Upstaging of early colorectal cancers following improved lymph node yield after methylene blue injectionAims:  To evaluate whether the use of intra‐arterial methylene blue injection improves lymph node yield, and to determine whether a higher lymph node count results in upstaging in colorectal cancer.Method and results:  We performed a retrospective study of colorectal cancer specimens (n = 234) 1 year after implementation of the method. All colorectal cancer specimens from the previous year served as our control group. Data concerning tumour characteristics, lymph node count, number of positive lymph nodes and success of methylene injection had been prospectively collected in accordance with the department’s ongoing registration. The method was easy to implement and perform with a high rate of success (86%). The number of identified lymph nodes was highly significantly improved in the study group (P < 0.0001). In resections with pT1/T2 tumours, we demonstrated a significant increase in the number of resection specimens containing positive lymph nodes, with an increase in pN1 resections from 9.4% in the control group to 26.7% in the study group (P = 0.04).Conclusions:  The methylene blue technique significantly improves lymph node identification in colorectal cancer specimens, and the improved lymph node identification leads to upstaging of International Union Against Cancer (UICC) pT1/pT2 cancers.
Comparing virtual with conventional microscopy for the consensus diagnosis of Barrett’s neoplasia in the AspECT Barrett’s chemoprevention trial pathology audit
Authors: Sanders D S A , Grabsch H , Harrison R , Bateman A , Going J , Goldin R , Mapstone N , Novelli M , Walker M M , Jankowski J ,   on behalf of the AspECT trial management group and trial principal investigators
Published: April 2012

Sanders D S A, Grabsch H, Harrison R, Bateman A, Going J, Goldin R, Mapstone N, Novelli M, Walker M M & Jankowski J  (2012) Histopathology 61, 795–800Comparing virtual with conventional microscopy for the consensus diagnosis of Barrett’s neoplasia in the AspECT Barrett’s chemoprevention trial pathology auditAims:  To compare the diagnostic accuracy of conventional versus virtual microscopy for the diagnosis of Barrett’s neoplasia.Methods and results:  Sixty‐one biopsies from 35 ASPirin Esomeprazole ChemopreventionTrial (AspECT) trial patients were given a Barrett’s neoplasia score (1–5) by a panel of five pathologists using conventional microscopy. Thirty‐three biopsies positive for neoplasia were digitized and rescored blindly by virtual microscopy. Diagnostic reliability was compared between conventional and virtual microscopy using Fleiss’ kappa. There was substantial reliability of diagnostic agreement (κ = 0.712) scoring the 61 biopsies and moderate agreement scoring the subgroup of 33 ‘positive’ biopsies with both conventional microscopy (κ = 0.598) and virtual microscopy (κ = 0.436). Inter‐observer diagnostic agreement between two pathologists by virtual microscopy was substantial (κ = 0.76). Comparison of panel consensus neoplasia scores between conventional and virtual microscopy was almost perfect (κ = 0.8769). However, with virtual microscopy there was lowering of the consensus neoplasia score in nine biopsies.Conclusions:  Diagnostic agreement with virtual microscopy compares favourably with conventional microscopy in what is recognized to be a challenging area of diagnostic practice. However, this study highlights possible limitations for this method in the primary diagnostic setting.
How can we maximize nursing students’ learning about research evidence and utilization in undergraduate, preregistration programmes? A discussion paper
Authors: Christie Janice , Hamill Conal , Power John 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAim.  This article presents a discussion on how to maximize nursing students’ learning about research for evidence‐based practice in undergraduate, preregistration programmes.Background.  Evidence‐based practice may use information from many sources, including research. Research utilization concerns the translation of research findings into practice. Thus, while evidence‐base practice may not be solely research‐based and hence more than research utilization, research remains an important ingredient in ensuring quality and cost‐effective care and an academic requirement for nursing students undertaking a science degree‐level qualification. Nevertheless, how educators can best support research‐related learning and application remains uncertain and requires discussion.Data sources.  MEDLINE, CINAHL, Social Science Citation Index, British Nursing Index, and Intute were searched for papers published 1980–2011 using the following search terms: research, research utilization, evidence‐based practice, learning, teaching, education, training, nursing, health, and social care.Discussion.  Nursing students need to be able to value the relevance, authority, and utility of nursing research for patient care through embedding research learning in both academic and practice‐based settings. Students can be supported in learning how to access, understand, and appraise the authority of research through weaving these skills into enquiry‐based learning. Furthermore, encouraging students to undertake research‐based practice change projects can support research utilization and development skills.Conclusion.  Research should be fully embedded throughout nursing curricula beyond the confines of ‘research classes’, integrating learning in academic and practice‐based settings. Although this requires synergistic and integrated support of student learning by nurse educators, managers, clinical practitioners, researchers and policymakers; nurse educators have a pivotal role.
Inbreeding avoidance mechanisms: dispersal dynamics in cooperatively breeding southern pied babblers
Authors: Nelson‐Flower Martha J. , Hockey Philip A. R. , O’Ryan Colleen , Ridley Amanda R. 
Published: April 2012

Summary1. Breeding with kin can reduce individual fitness through the deleterious effects of inbreeding depression. Inbreeding avoidance mechanisms are expected to have developed in most species, and especially in cooperatively breeding species where individuals may delay dispersal until long after sexual maturity. Such potential mechanisms include sex‐biased dispersal and avoidance of kin known through associative learning.2. The investigation of inbreeding avoidance through dispersal dynamics can be enhanced by combining fine‐scale population genetic structure data with detailed behavioural observations of wild populations.3. We investigate possible inbreeding avoidance in a wild population of cooperatively breeding southern pied babblers (Turdoides bicolor). A combination of genetic, geographic and observational data is used to examine fine‐scale genetic structure, dispersal (including sex‐biased dispersal) and inheritance of dominance in cooperatively breeding groups.4. Unusually, sex‐bias in dispersal distance does not occur. Rather, individuals appear to avoid inbreeding through two routes. First, through dispersal itself: although both males and females disperse locally, they move outside the range within which genetically similar individuals are usually found, going twice as far from natal groups as from non‐natal groups. Second, through avoidance of familiar group members as mates: individuals inherit a dominant position in the natal group only when an unrelated breeding partner is present.5. This study uses spatial genetic analyses to investigate inbreeding avoidance mechanisms in a cooperative breeder and shows that individuals of both sexes can avoid inbreeding through a dispersal distance mechanism. While it appears that dispersal allows most individuals to move beyond the range of closely related kin, matings may still occur between distant kin. Nevertheless, any costs of breeding with a distant relative may be outweighed by the benefits of local dispersal and the immense fitness gains available from attaining a breeding position.
Comprehensive sampling reveals circumpolarity and sympatry in seven mitochondrial lineages of the Southern Ocean crinoid species Promachocrinus kerguelensis (Echinodermata)
Authors: HEMERY L. G. , ELÉAUME M. , ROUSSEL V. , AMÉZIANE N. , GALLUT C. , STEINKE D. , CRUAUD C. , COULOUX A. , WILSON N. G. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractSampling at appropriate spatial scales in the Southern Ocean is logistically challenging and may influence estimates of diversity by missing intermediate representatives. With the assistance of sampling efforts especially influenced by the International Polar Year 2007–2008, we gathered nearly 1500 specimens of the crinoid species Promachocrinus kerguelensis from around Antarctica. We used phylogeographic and phylogenetic tools to assess its genetic diversity, demographic history and evolutionary relationships. Six phylogroups (A–F) identified in an earlier study are corroborated here, with the addition of one new phylogroup (E2). All phylogroups are circumpolar, sympatric and eurybathic. The phylogeny of Promachocrinus phylogroups reveals two principal clades that may represent two different cryptic species with contrasting demographic histories. Genetic diversity indices vary dramatically within phylogroups, and within populations, suggesting multiple glacial refugia in the Southern Ocean: on the Kerguelen Plateau, in the East Weddell Sea and the South Shetland Islands (Atlantic sector), and on the East Antarctic continental shelf in the Dumont d’Urville Sea and Ross Sea. The inferences of gene flow vary among the phylogroups, showing discordant spatial patterns. Phylogroup A is the only one found in the Sub‐Antarctic region, although without evident connectivity between Bouvet and Kerguelen populations. The Scotia Arc region shows high levels of connectivity between populations in most of the phylogroups, and barriers to gene flow are evident in East Antarctica.
Heavily male‐biased long‐distance dispersal of orang‐utans (genus: Pongo), as revealed by Y‐chromosomal and mitochondrial genetic markers
Authors: NIETLISBACH PIRMIN , ARORA NATASHA , NATER ALEXANDER , GOOSSENS BENOIT , Van SCHAIK CAREL P. , KRÜTZEN MICHAEL 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMating systems are thought to be an important determinant of dispersal strategies in most animals, including the great apes. As the most basal taxon of all great apes, orang‐utans can provide information about the evolution of mating systems and their consequences for population structure in this Family. To assess the sex‐specific population structure in orang‐utans, we used a combination of paternally transmitted Y‐chromosomal genetic markers and maternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA sequences. Markers transmitted through the more philopatric sex are expected to show stronger differentiation among populations than the ones transmitted through the dispersing sex. We studied these patterns using 70 genetic samples from wild orang‐utans from seven Bornean and two Sumatran populations. We found pronounced population structure in haplotype networks of mitochondrial sequence data, but much less so for male‐specific markers. Similarly, mitochondrial genetic differentiation was twice as high among populations compared to Y‐chromosomal variation. We also found that genetic distance increased faster with geographic distance for mitochondrial than for Y‐linked markers, leading to estimates of male dispersal distances that are several‐fold higher than those of females. These findings provide evidence for strong male‐biased dispersal in orang‐utans. The transition to predominantly female‐biased dispersal in the great ape lineage appears to be correlated with life in multimale groups and may reflect the associated fitness benefits of reliable male coalitions with relatives or known partners, a feature that is absent in orang‐utans.
Particle size scales and classification of sediment types based on particle size distributions: Review and recommended procedures
Authors: BLOTT SIMON J. , PYE KENNETH 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper provides a review of different particle size scales, size class terminology and particle size distribution (‘textural’) classification schemes which are widely used in sedimentology, geomorphology, soil science, aquatic ecology and civil engineering. It is concluded that a revised system of size class nomenclature, based on the Udden (1898) and Wentworth (1922) schemes, provides the most logical and consistent framework for use with sediments and a wide range of other particulate materials. A refined scheme is proposed which has five first‐order size classes (boulder, gravel, sand, silt and clay), each of which has five second‐order subdivisions with limits defined at one phi intervals. The scheme is simple and intuitively easy to understand. The paper also provides a review of previous schemes that have been proposed to describe and classify sediments on the basis of the proportions of gravel, sand and mud, or sand, silt and clay using trigons (also termed ternary diagrams). Many of these schemes do not have a logical basis and provide limited or uneven resolution. New gravel, sand and mud and sand, silt and clay classification systems are proposed that are both more logical and provide greater discriminatory power than previous schemes; they are therefore more suitable for use in environmental and forensic investigations. A new Microsoft Excel® program, freely available to download from http://www.kpal.co.uk, allows rapid classification of sediments based on the proportions of gravel, sand and mud and sand, silt and clay proportions and graphical comparison of the data for different sample groups.