bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID‐19 infection on the in‐hospital outcome of patients hospitalized for heart failure with comorbid atrial fibrillation: Insight from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database 2020
Authors: Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Suenghataiphorn Thanathip , Srikulmontri Thitiphan , Rujirachun Pongprueth , Malin John , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Polpichai Natchaya , Saowapa Sakditad , Casipit Bruce A. , Amanullah Aman 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) commonly coexist, resulting in adverse health and economic consequences such as declining ventricular function, heightened mortality, and reduced quality of life. However, limited information exists on the impact of COVID‐19 on AF patients that hospitalized for HF.MethodsWe analyzed the 2020 U.S. National Inpatient Sample to investigate the effects of COVID‐19 on AF patients that primarily hospitalized for HF. Participants aged 18 and above were identified using relevant ICD‐10 CM codes. Adjusted odds ratios for outcomes were calculated through multivariable logistic regression. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality, with secondary outcomes including system‐based complications.ResultsWe identified 322,090 patients with primary discharge diagnosis of HF with comorbid AF. Among them, 0.73% (2355/322,090) also had a concurrent diagnosis of COVID‐19. In a survey multivariable logistic and linear regression model adjusting for patient and hospital factors, COVID‐19 infection was associated with higher in‐hospital mortality (aOR 3.17; 95% CI 2.25, 4.47, p < 0.001), prolonged length of stay (βLOS 2.82; 95% CI 1.71, 3.93, p < 0.001), acute myocarditis (aOR 6.64; 95% CI 1.45, 30.45, p 0.015), acute kidney injury (AKI) (aOR 1.48; 95% CI 1.21, 1.82, p < 0.001), acute respiratory failure (aOR 1.24; 95% CI 1.01, 1.52, p 0.045), and mechanical ventilation (aOR 2.00; 95% CI 1.28, 3.13, p 0.002).ConclusionOur study revealed that COVID‐19 is linked to higher in‐hospital mortality and increased adverse outcomes in AF patients hospitalized for HF.
Characteristics and variations in young adults with cutaneous melanoma: A national cancer database analysis
Authors: Greene Alicia C. , Matzelle‐Zywicki Madeline , Ziegler Olivia , El‐Mallah Jessica C. , Stack Michael J. , Pameijer Colette R. , Shen Chan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMany cancers in young adulthood differ in terms of biology, histologic variation, and prognosis compared to cancer in other older age groups. Differences in cutaneous melanoma among young adults compared to other older age groups, as well as between sexes in young adults are not well studied.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for patients diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma between 2004 and 2017. Patient characteristics, disease factors, and treatment were stratified by age‐based cohorts and compared using standard univariate statistics. The Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank tests were used to evaluate overall survival (OS) between age‐based cohorts and young adult sexes.ResultsOf the 329 765 patients identified, 10.5% were between 18 and 39 years of age at diagnosis. Compared with other older age groups, young adult patients were more likely to be female and uninsured with higher proportions of superficial spreading melanoma, melanoma of the trunk and extremities, and earlier‐stage disease. Young adults had improved OS compared to other older age groups. Young male patients had a greater proportion of no insurance, nodular melanoma, higher‐stage disease, and decreased OS compared to young female patients. Additionally, while the 5‐year OS difference was statistically significant across all stages of disease between young males and females, the clinical significance is likely limited to later stages.ConclusionsAge and sex‐specific differences in cutaneous melanoma highlight distinct patterns and characteristics, emphasizing the need for tailored approaches to screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
Mechanism and application of acupuncture and electro‐acupuncture associated with cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Xinggang , Li Guangqi , Yang Jiaqing , Ma Xuelei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid progress in cancer treatment, along with the increase in cure and control rates, has led to the gradual acceptance of cancer as a chronic disease. Cancer treatment is comprehensive and long‐term. However, cancer symptoms and treatment side effects can hinder patients' quality of life and adherence to treatment, ultimately impacrefting their long‐term survival. Acupuncture (AC) and electro‐acupuncture (EA) have been widely used to treat various diseases. AC and EA have demonstrated their ability to relieve symptoms and side effects related to cancer treatment. The review provides a brief overview of the historical lineage and basic principles of AC treatment, as well as a detailed exploration of the mechanisms and clinical applications of AC and EA to relieve cancer symptoms and treatment side effects. AC and EA can play a therapeutic role by regulating systems of nervous, endocrine, immune and so on. Clinical studies have demonstrated that AC and EA can effectively relieve pain, postoperative ileus, and other symptoms. The safety of AC and EA has been tested worldwide. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and future research directions for AC and EA in the field of cancer treatment.
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of triterpenoid accumulation in the roots of Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen at different altitudes
Authors: Wang Zi‐xia , Li Peng‐peng , Jia Yan‐jun , Wen Long‐xia , Tang Zhuo‐shi , Wang Yan‐ping , Cui Fang , Hu Fang‐Di 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionCodonopsis Radix is a beneficial traditional Chinese medicine, and triterpenoid are the major bioactive constituents. Codonopsis pilosula var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen (CPM) is a precious variety of Codonopsis Radix, which is distributed at high mountain areas. The environment plays an important role in the synthesis and metabolism of active ingredients in medicinal plants, but there is no report elaborating on the effect of altitude on terpenoid metabolites accumulation in CPM.ObjectivesThis study aims to analyse the effects of altitude on triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways and secondary metabolite accumulation in CPM.Material and methodsThe untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and 10 triterpenoids based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) method were analysed at the low‐altitude (1480 m) and high‐altitude (2300 m) CPM fresh roots. The transcriptome based on high‐throughput sequencing technology were combined to analyse the different altitude CPM triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways.ResultsA total of 17,351 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 55 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected from the different altitude CPM, and there are significant differences in the content of the 10 triterpenoids. The results of transcriptome study showed that CPM could significantly up‐regulate the gene expression levels of seven key enzymes in the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway.ConclusionsThe CPM at high altitude is more likely to accumulate triterpenes than those at low altitude, which was related to the up‐regulation of the gene expression levels of seven key enzymes. These results expand our understanding of how altitude affects plant metabolite biosynthesis.
Metabolome classification of olive by‐products from different oil presses providing insights into its potential health benefits and valorization as analyzed via multiplex MS‐based techniques coupled to chemometrics
Authors: Fayek Nesrin M. , Baky Mostafa H. , Li Zhenhao , Khalifa Ibrahim , Capanoglu Esra , Farag Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most popular edible oil‐producing fruits, consumed worldwide for its myriad nutritional and health benefits. Olive oil production generates huge quantities of by‐products from the fruit, which are considered environmental hazards. Recently, more and more efforts have been made to valorize olive by‐products as a source of low‐cost, value‐added food applications.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to globally assess the metabolome of olive fruit by‐products, including olive mill wastewater, olive pomace, and olive seeds from fruits from two areas, Siwa and Anshas, Egypt.MethodsGas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS) were used for profiling primary and secondary metabolites in olive by‐products. Also, multivariate data analyses were used to assess variations between olive by‐product samples.ResultsA total of 103 primary metabolites and 105 secondary metabolites were identified by GC‐MS and UPLC‐MS, respectively. Fatty acids amounted to a major class in the olive by‐products at 53–91%, with oleic acid dominating, especially in the pomace of Siwa. Mill wastewater was discriminated from other by‐products by the presence of phenolics mainly tyrosol, hydroxyl tyrosol, and α‐tocopherol as analyzed by UPLC‐MS indicating their potential antioxidant activity. Pomace and seeds were rich in fatty acids/esters and hydroxy fatty acids and not readily distinguishable from each other.ConclusionThe current work discusses the metabolome profile of olive waste products for valorization purposes. Pomace and seeds were enriched in fatty acids/esters, though not readily distinguishable from each other.
The 90% minimum effective concentration of ropivacaine for ultrasound‐guided interscalene brachial plexus block in children aged 1–10 years: A biased coin design up‐and‐down sequential allocation trial
Authors: Yang Li , Yang Fei , Tian Yaqiong , Liu Ling , Li Shangyingying , Ahmad Tauseef , Shi Yuan , Tu Shengfen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRopivacaine is a commonly used local anesthetic for brachial plexus blocks in children, but the minimum effective dose of ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus blocks has not been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the 90% minimum effective concentration (MEC90) of ropivacaine for an ultrasound‐guided interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB). A total of 155 patients, aged from 1 to 10 years, underwent unilateral surgical procedures on areas of the upper extremity not innervated by the ulnar nerve. The biased coin design up‐and‐down sequential method (BCD‐UMD) was used to determine the MEC90 of ropivacaine for ultrasound‐guided ISB. In our study, the initial concentration of ropivacaine was 0.07% in the toddler group and 0.09% in the preschool and school‐age groups. During the trial, the concentration of ropivacaine for each subsequent patient was determined by the blocking effect of the previous patient. In case of failure, the concentration for the next patient was increased by 0.01%. Otherwise, the concentration was either decreased by 0.01%, with a probability of 0.11, or kept the same, with a probability of 0.89. Overall, the MEC90 of ropivacaine was 0.104% (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.070%–0.106%) in the toddler group, 0.114% (95% CI, 0.090%–0.117%) in the preschool group, and 0.133% (95% CI, 0.099%–0.136%) in the school‐age group. No adverse events occurred. Our study showed that lower concentrations of ropivacaine could provide effective nerve blocks and reduce the risk of local anesthetics.
Childhood internal migration in Europe: Developments across cohorts and countries
Authors: Pertzikovitz Alon , Wachter Gusta G. , de Valk Helga A. G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInternal migration is the driving force behind population re‐distribution within countries. Although internal migration has been extensively studied among adults, little is known about patterns in childhood migration, and even less so in a comparative manner. This study, therefore, adopts a child‐centred approach and contributes to the literature by exploring cross‐national changes in childhood migration across birth cohorts. Moreover, it examines how patterns of childhood migration relate to the postponement of childbearing. Drawing on retrospective residential histories from the SHARE survey, we analyzed childhood migration trajectories of 178,476 individuals born between 1935 and 1994 in 28 European countries. Cohort analyses confirm a country gradient in childhood migration, with the highest migration rates in Northern Europe and the lowest in Southeastern Europe. Nonetheless, across nearly all countries, childhood migration has consistently declined since the 1970s. Furthermore, when children relocate, it happens at increasingly younger ages. Finally, we find that these patterns are related to the increasing childbearing age across Europe. Our results thereby highlight the interplay between childhood migration and adult family life's changing dynamics, offering a novel perspective on the link between these two demographic components.
CCZM‐based fatigue analysis and reliability assessment for wind turbine blade adhesive joints considering parameter uncertainties
Authors: Liu Zheng , Liu Haodong , Shao Zhenjiang , Liang Jinlong , Tang Ruizhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWind turbine blades are complex structures composed of multiple bonded components. The fatigue performance of these adhesive joints is crucial for ensuring operational safety over the blade's lifespan. Traditional structural fatigue analysis methods are inadequate for evaluating the fatigue properties of these joints due to the unique characteristics of adhesive materials. Variations in material and dimensional parameters, as well as fluctuating operational loads, further complicate the fatigue analysis of adhesive joints in wind turbine blades. To tackle this issue, this study introduces a fatigue analysis and reliability assessment method for the adhesive joints of wind turbine blades, employing the Cyclic Cohesive Zone Model (CCZM) and accounting for parameter uncertainties. Specifically, a novel methodology for fatigue analysis based on the CCZM is presented. The methodology is programmatically implemented to obtain a fatigue life dataset through multiple simulations, considering uncertainties in material parameters, adhesive dimensions, and loads. Subsequently, a fatigue reliability model is formulated to evaluate the fatigue reliability of adhesive joints in wind turbine blades under different parameter conditions, and the sensitivity of fatigue reliability to each parameter is investigated. The findings offer valuable insights for improving the safety and reliability of adhesive structures in wind turbine blades.
Selection of the level of vibration signal decomposition and mother wavelets to determine the level of failure severity in spur gearboxes
Authors: Pérez‐Torres Antonio , Sánchez Rene‐Vinicio , Barceló‐Cerdá Susana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpur gearboxes are an integral component in the operation of rotary machines. Hence, the early determination of the severity level of a failure is crucial. This manuscript delineates a methodology for selecting essential mother wavelets and filters from the wavelet transform (WT) to process the vibration signal within the time‐frequency domain, aiming to ascertain the severity level of failures in spur gearboxes. Initially, information is garnered from the gearbox through vibration signals in the time domain, utilising six accelerometers. Subsequently, the signal is partitioned into various levels, and information from each level is extracted using diverse mother wavelets and their respective filters. The signal is segmented into sub‐bands, from which the condition state is ascertained using an energy operator. After that, the appropriate level of wave decomposition is determined through ANOVA tests and post‐hoc Tukey analyses, evaluating performance in failure classification via the Random Forest (RF) model. Upon establishing the decomposition level, the analysis proceeds to identify which mother wavelets and filters are most suitable for determining the severity level of different types of failure in spur gearboxes. Moreover, this study investigates the impact of sensor positioning and inclination on acquiring the vibration signal. This aspect is explored through factorial ANOVA tests and multiple comparisons of the data derived from the sensors. The RF classification model achieved exceedingly favourable results (accuracy 96% and AUC 98%), with minimal practical influence from the positioning and inclination of a sensor, thereby affirming the proposed methodology's suitability for this type of analysis.
Optimal step stress accelerated degradation tests with the bivariate inverse Gaussian process
Authors: Qu Liang , Li Jin , Zhao Xiujie , Zhang Min , Lv Zhenyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStep‐stress accelerated degradation test (SSADT) has become a prevailing approach to lifetime assessment for highly reliable products. In practice, many products suffer from multiple degradation processes that significantly contribute to failures. In this paper, we investigate the optimal SSADT plans for products subject to two dependent degradation characteristics modeled by a bivariate inverse Gaussian process. The drift parameter of each process is assumed to be influenced by a common stress factor. A bivariate Birnbaum‐Saunders (BVBS)‐type distribution is employed to approximate the lifetime distribution and facilitate the derivation of the objective function. The optimal plans are prescribed under three common optimality criteria in the presence of constraints on test units and inspections. A revisited example of fatigue crack is then presented to demonstrate the proposed methods. Finally, the sensitivity of the SSADT plans is studied, and the results exhibit fair robustness of the optimal plans.
Transfer learning for anatomical structure segmentation in otorhinolaryngology microsurgery
Authors: Ding Xin , Huang Yu , Zhao Yang , Tian Xu , Feng Guodong , Gao Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundReducing the annotation burden is an active and meaningful area of artificial intelligence (AI) research.MethodsMultiple datasets for the segmentation of two landmarks were constructed based on 41 257 labelled images and 6 different microsurgical scenarios. These datasets were trained using the multi‐stage transfer learning (TL) methodology.ResultsThe multi‐stage TL enhanced segmentation performance over baseline (mIOU 0.6892 vs. 0.8869). Besides, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) achieved a robust performance (mIOU 0.8917 vs. 0.8603) even when the training dataset size was reduced from 90% (30 078 images) to 10% (3342 images). When directly applying the weight from one certain surgical scenario to recognise the same target in images of other scenarios without training, CNNs still obtained an optimal mIOU of 0.6190 ± 0.0789.ConclusionsModel performance can be improved with TL in datasets with reduced size and increased complexity. It is feasible for data‐based domain adaptation among different microsurgical fields.
Data‐driven stability margin for linear multivariable systems
Authors: Ren Jinrui , Quan Quan , Xu Bin , Wang Shuai , Cai Kai‐Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe notion of stability margin (SM) plays an important role in control engineering. For multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems, the classic SM is no longer applicable. The one‐loop‐at‐a‐time analysis method may lead to unreliable SMs. Although some robust SM analysis methods are popular in MIMO systems, they are model‐based or not easy‐to‐use in engineering sometimes. In this paper, gain margin and time‐delay margin are defined for linear MIMO systems, and a corresponding SM analysis method is proposed by utilizing a loop transformation and the small‐gain theorem. Most importantly, a data‐driven method for measuring the defined SMs is also presented. As a frequency‐domain method, this method can be used to experimentally obtain the SMs of MIMO systems on model‐free occasions. The proposed SM analysis method and measurement method are simple and practical. Two simulation studies and an experimental test are performed to illustrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
Partitioning graphs with linear minimum degree
Authors: Ma Jie , Wu Hehui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe prove that there exists an absolute constant such that, for any positive integer , every graph with minimum degree at least admits a vertex‐partition , where both and have minimum degree at least , and every vertex in has at least neighbors in . This confirms a question posted by Kühn and Osthus (J. Comb. Theory Ser. B. 88 (2003), 29–43.) and is tight up to a constant factor. Our proof combines probabilistic methods with structural arguments based on Ore's theorem on ‐factors of bipartite graphs.
Changeable Active Sites by Pr Doping CuSA‐TiO2 Photocatalyst for Excellent Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zi Baoye , Zheng Hongshun , Zhou Tong , Lu Qingjie , Chen Mingpeng , Xiao Bin , Zhang Yumin , Qiu Zhishi , Sun Huachuan , Zhao Jianhong , Luo Zhongge , He Tianwei , Zhang Jin , Zhao Zongyan , Liu Qingju 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic water splitting for clean hydrogen production has been a very attractive research field for decades. However, the insightful understanding of the actual active sites and their impact on catalytic performance is still ambiguous. Herein, a Pr‐doped TiO2‐supported Cu single atom (SA) photocatalyst is successfully synthesized (noted as Cu/Pr‐TiO2). It is found that Pr dopants passivate the formation of oxygen vacancies, promoting the density of photogenerated electrons on the CuSAs, and optimizing the electronic structure and H* adsorption behavior on the CuSA active sites. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of the obtained Cu/Pr‐TiO2 catalyst reaches 32.88 mmol g−1 h−1, 2.3 times higher than the Cu/TiO2. Innovatively, the excellent catalytic activity and performance is attributed to the active sites change from O atoms to CuSAs after Pr doping is found. This work provides new insight for understanding the accurate roles of single atoms in photocatalytic water splitting.
Dual Antibacterial Properties of Copper‐Coated Nanotextured Stainless Steel
Authors: Tripathi Anuja , Park Jaeyoung , Pho Thomas , Champion Julie A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBacterial adhesion to stainless steel, an alloy commonly used in shared settings, numerous medical devices, and food and beverage sectors, can give rise to serious infections, ultimately leading to morbidity, mortality, and significant healthcare expenses. In this study, Cu‐coated nanotextured stainless steel (nSS) fabrication have been demonstrated using electrochemical technique and its potential as an antibiotic‐free biocidal surface against Gram‐positive and negative bacteria. As nanotexture and Cu combine for dual methods of killing, this material should not contribute to drug‐resistant bacteria as antibiotic use does. This approach involves applying a Cu coating on nanotextured stainless steel, resulting in an antibacterial activity within 30 min. Comprehensive characterization of the surface revealing that the Cu coating consists of metallic Cu and oxidized states (Cu2+ and Cu+), has been performed by this study. Cu‐coated nSS induces a remarkable reduction of 97% in Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and 99% Gram‐positive Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. This material has potential to be used to create effective, scalable, and sustainable solutions to prevent bacterial infections caused by surface contamination without contributing to antibiotic resistance.