bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usages des statistiques et actions publiques : les politiques de lutte contre le décrochage scolaire au Québec1
Authors: Doray Pierre , Prévost Jean-Guy , Delavictoire Quentin , Moulin Stéphane , Beaud Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2012

Cet article examine la production et l’usage des statistiques dans une sphère stratégique de l’action publique au Québec, l’éducation, et, plus particulièrement, la lutte contre le décrochage scolaire. Pour ce faire, nous analysons les documents à caractère programmatique produits au cours des quarante dernières années. Jusqu’en 1990, le décrochage fut un enjeu subordonné à la croissance des effectifs scolaires. La situation change au début des années 1990, la réussite scolaire devenant l’objectif central des politiques éducatives dans un contexte où l’État met l’accent sur l’efficience des actions publiques. Des cibles quantitatives en matière de diplomation sont alors fixées et une instrumentation innovatrice, marquée par une volonté de décentralisation de l’usage des statistiques, est mise en place. Si le recours à des données statistiques demeure faible pour l’ensemble de la période étudiée, la réorientation des politiques éducatives au tournant des années 1990 a toutefois modifié les modes de production des statistiques sur le décrochage scolaire. La production des statistiques sur le décrochage ne précède pas, chronologiquement, l’émergence de celui-ci comme problème appelant une action publique ; elle apparaît pour l’essentiel en conjonction ou dans la foulée de l’action publique dans ce domaine.
Quantifier l’effet « pur » de l’action publique : entre luttes scientifiques et redéfinition des politiques d’emploi en France
Authors: Penissat Étienne 
Published: July 2012

En prenant comme point de départ la genèse des enquêtes dites expérimentales en matière d’évaluation des politiques d’emploi en France dans les années 2000, l’article propose de mettre à distance les controverses éthiques et/ou techniques sur celles-ci pour privilégier une sociologie des savoirs d’État. La diffusion des méthodes économétriques est replacée dans une sociologie des enquêtes sur les chômeurs où l’inscription initiale des questionnements et des techniques dans les sciences sociales est supplantée par la référence aux sciences médicales et à la mesure des « effets nets » de l’action de l’État. Les outils statistiques appuient alors une redéfinition des formes d’évaluation de l’action publique mais aussi de sa conception, de la correction des inégalités sur le marché du travail à la fluidification de son fonctionnement. Ces changements ne peuvent se comprendre sans analyser les transformations quant à la sociologie des agents qui les prennent en charge et les stratégies académiques, bureaucratiques et politiques d’une nouvelle génération d’économistes.
La fabrication d’un consensus : la révision de la Classification Internationale Type de l’Éducation
Authors: Kieffer Annick , Tréhin-Lalanne Rémi 
Published: July 2012

Les statistiques internationales de l’éducation sont de plus en plus mobilisées sur le plan politique et scientifique. L’Union Européenne les a placées au coeur de la Stratégie de Lisbonne, en établissant des « indicateurs de progrès » et en associant les chercheurs en sciences sociales à l’identification des « bonnes pratiques ». Dans ce contexte, la normalisation des catégories de mesure sur le plan mondial subit une nouvelle transformation. Depuis 2007, Eurostat, l’OCDE et l’Institut de statistique de l’Unesco se sont engagés dans un projet de révision de la Classification Internationale Type de l’Éducation (CITE). L’analyse de ce processus, replacé dans une perspective historique, met en évidence les enjeux de définition pour les différentes institutions impliquées et le rôle central des experts, qui élaborent un langage commun visant à décrire de manière universelle les formes d’apprentissage. Les concepts et catégories élaborés ont une incidence sur la conception de l’éducation qui en découle.
La production statistique d’un intervenant social : une configuration sociocognitive improbable ?
Authors: Isseri Jean , Isseri Nicole 
Published: July 2012

L’article présente l’initiative d’un nouveau type d’« entrepreneur » de production de connaissances à des fins de discussion, d’une part sur les formes de connaissances nécessaires pour l’intervention sociale et d’autre part sur la division classique du travail de production de savoirs dans le domaine social. La thèse consiste à défendre la possibilité d’un développement collectif ou collaboratif des connaissances du monde social qui peut émerger d’une part de formes de gouvernances qui ne dépendent ni de l’État ou de ses administrations ni des organismes institutionnels et d’autre part du développement des outils géomatiques. Le cas présenté ici est celui d’un intervenant social communautaire qui est aussi sociologue de formation. Son récit et sa réflexion, qu’il a menée avec sa collaboratrice, servent en fin de compte à poser les termes du débat sur les modes à la fois cognitif et social de production des connaissances du monde.
De l’endogamie à l’homogamie socio-ethnique
Authors: Santelli Emmanuelle , Collet Beate 
Published: July 2012

La question des conjugalités des Français descendants d’immigrés suscite un intérêt nouveau en raison de la constitution d’un marché matrimonial en France et de la persistance de la norme de l’endogamie. À partir des données d’une enquête par entretiens biographiques menée en 2007 auprès d’une centaine de personnes d’origine maghrébine, turque ou africaine sub-saharienne, l’article se propose d’examiner la tension entre les préoccupations d’endogamie et d’homogamie. Ce faisant, les auteurs proposent le concept « homogamie socio-ethnique » permettant de tenir compte simultanément des dimensions culturelles, sociales et sexuées qui interviennent dans le choix conjugal des descendants d’immigrés. Les sphères de la socialisation pré-conjugale et les variations autour de la norme d’endogamie lors de la mise en couple donnent lieu à une analyse empirique approfondie. La réflexion engagée invite à une compréhension du processus d’élaboration conjugale qui, sous l’effet des logiques internes et des pressions externes, aboutit à une réinterprétation de l’endogamie.
Surfactants
Authors: Tadros Tharwat ,   Updated by Staff
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Surface‐active agents (usually referred to as surfactants) are amphipathic molecules consisting of a nonpolar hydrophobic portion, usually a straight or branched hydrocarbon or fluorocarbon containing 8–18 carbon atoms, which is attached to a polar or ionic portion (hydrophilic). Strong interacton with water molecules renders the surfactant soluble in water. The balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the molecule gives these systems their special properties, eg, accumulation at various interfaces and association in solution to form micelles. The diving force for surfactant adsorption is the lowering of free energy of the phase boundary. Surfactants also aggregate in solutions forming micelles. The driving force micelle formation (or micellization) is the reduction of contact between the hydrocarbon chain and water, thereby reducing the free energy of the system. In the micelle, the surfactant hydrophobic groups are directed towards the the interior of the aggregate and the polar head groups are directed towards the solvent. Surfactants are used in almost every chemical industry, eg, detergents, paints, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, etc, therefore an understanding of the physical chemistry is necessary and is explained here. Surfactants are not pure chemicals and within each chemical type there can be tremendous variation. Products with the same generic name could vary a great deal in properties so formulators need to keep this in mind.
Crystallization behavior of polypropylene/ethylene butene copolymer blends
Authors: Yang Jinhai , White James L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOne polypropylene (PP) was mixed with two ethylene butene copolymers (EBM). EBM1 had 12.5 mol % of butene and was immiscible with the PP. EBM2 had 51.6 mol % of butene and was miscible with the PP. The dispersed PP in EBM1 showed fractionalized crystallization behavior with a crystallization temperature at around 45°C and a much slower isothermal crystallization rate comparing to the neat PP. The PP did not exhibit fractionalized crystallization behavior in EBM2. EBM1 did not decrease both the crystallization and melting temperatures of the continuous PP. However, EBM2 could decrease both the two temperatures. It was found that EBM2 could largely suppress the epitaxial lamellar branching of the PP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effects of vinyl isocyanate coupling agent on the tensile properties of Kraft fiber‐unsaturated polyester composites
Authors: Gao Zhenhua , Ma Dieying , Lv Xinying , Zhang Yanhua 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA vinyl isocyanate (VI) synthesized from toluene diisocyanate and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate was used as a novel coupling agent to obtain strong chemical interfacial adhesion and therefore, improve the tensile properties of Kraft fiber‐reinforced unsaturated polyester (UPE) composites. Results characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated that the novel coupling agent VI had a significant effect on the tensile properties of composites due to the formation of chemical bonds between the VI‐Kraft interfaces and the VI‐UPE interfaces. The tensile properties of composites modified by VI were much better than those of the control composite without VI modification. The VI‐modified composites after severe hygrothermal aging exhibited lower losses of tensile properties and desirable tensile durability. The improvement in tensile properties, less interfacial separation after severe hygrothermal aging, lower damping values, and higher glass transition temperature are sufficient to show that the interfacial adhesion between the Kraft fiber and the UPE matrix was significantly improved because the coupling agent VI has both active isocyano groups which react with the Kraft fiber and vinyl groups which are copolymerizable with the UPE resin. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of styrene–butadiene rubber/silica/organoclay nanocomposites manufactured by a latex method
Authors: Kim Wook‐Soo , Jang Suk Hee , Kang Yong Gu , Han Min Hyun , Hyun Kyu , Kim Wonho 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, the styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR)/N, N‐dimethyldodecylamine‐montmorillonite nanocomposite was prepared with a latex method by applying DDA to Na+‐MMT as a modifier. The dispersion of silica and the dynamic viscoelastic properties of the SBR/silica (60 phr) compound were studied by replacing 7 phr of the silica with organoclay. By the analysis of transmission electron microscopy images and the Payne effect, the dispersion of silica in the SBR/silica (53 phr)/DDA‐MMT (7 phr) compound was further improved as compared to the SBR/silica (60 phr) compound that used only silica as a filler. The Payne effect curve of the SBR/silica/DDA‐MMT compound was close to the curve of the SBR/silica (53 phr) compound. This indicates that organically modified silicate did not form filler–filler networks with silica. Also, the SBR/DDA‐MMT compound filled with silica showed the highest values of Tg and tan δ at 0°C. This result was attributed to the shift of the tan δ curve to the right because of the relatively higher degree of crosslink. Consequently, the SBR/silica/organoclay nanocomposite showed the best skid resistance due to the increase of Tg, and the best rolling resistance due to the reduced filler–filler networks. High 100% and 300% modulus values were also achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Generalized approach for using unbiased symmetric metrics with negative values: normalized mean bias factor and normalized mean absolute error factor
Authors: Gustafson William I. , Yu Shaocai 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUnbiased symmetric metrics provide a useful measure to quickly compare two datasets, with similar interpretations for both under and overestimations. Two examples include the normalized mean bias factor and normalized mean absolute error factor. However, the original formulations of these metrics are only valid for datasets with positive means. This article presents a methodology to use and interpret the metrics with datasets that have negative means. The updated formulations give identical results compared to the original formulations for the case of positive means, so researchers are encouraged to use the updated formulations going forward without introducing ambiguity. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Phylogenetic analysis, molecular modeling, substrate–inhibitor specificity, and active site comparison of bacterial, fungal, and plant heme peroxidases
Authors: Singh Swati , Pandey Veda P. , Naaz Huma , Dwivedi Upendra N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPhylogenetic analysis of 40 heme peroxidases, belonging to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, revealed their clustering into three major classes. Class I represented sequences from plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae, whereas classes II and III exclusively represented plant and fungal peroxidases, respectively. Modeling of three representative classes of peroxidases, belonging to each of bacterial, plant, and fungal categories, revealed a similar kind of folding; however, superimposition analysis revealed relatively more closeness between plant and fungal peroxidases than that of the bacterial peroxidase. The docking analysis of three representative modeled peroxidases with three common substrates, namely, H2O2, guaiacol, and ascorbate, and three arginine‐specific inhibitors, namely, phenylglyoxal, 1,2‐cyclohexanedione, and 2,3‐butanedione, revealed that all three inhibitors competed for guaiacol‐ and ascorbate‐binding sites of peroxidases, except for phenylglyoxal binding in the case of plant peroxidase. Phenylglyoxal, 1,2‐cyclohexanedione, and 2,3‐butanedione were found to be most potent inhibitors of bacterial, fungal, and plant peroxidases, respectively.
Improved Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Structure Optimized Nonstoichiometric Y2Ti2O7
Authors: Merka Oliver , Bahnemann Detlef W. , Wark Michael 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNonstoichiometric Y2Ti2O7 pyrochlores with Ti/Y ratios ranging from 0.95 to 1.15 were prepared by an aqueous sol–gel method and annealed at different temperatures. These synthesized catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis reflectance spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The samples were loaded with nanoparticles of rhodium or platinum acting as co‐catalysts and tested for photocatalytic hydrogen production in the presence of methanol as sacrificial agent. It was found that the cationic lattice distortion in the Y2Ti2O7 structure is significantly influenced by the Ti/Y ratio and the annealing temperature. By optimization of these parameters, the intrinsic cationic distortion characterized by yttrium and titanium interchanging their lattice positions was minimized. Probing the materials in the hydrogen production test reaction revealed that the photocatalytic activity of pyrochlore mixed oxides is clearly determined by the cationic lattice distortion and can be tuned considerably.
ChemInform Abstract: Probing the Lower Limit of Lattice Thermal Conductivity in an Ordered Extended Solid: Gd117Co56Sn112, a Phonon Glass—Electron Crystal System.
Authors: Schmitt Devin C. , Haldolaarachchige Neel , Xiong Yimin , Young David P. , Jin Rongying , Chan Julia Y. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by heating a mixture of Gd, Co, and Sn in a molar ratio of 12:6:11 to 1260 °C followed by controlled cooling.
ChemInform Abstract: Disconnection Enhances the Second Harmonic Generation Response: Synthesis and Characterization of Ba23Ga8Sb2S38.
Authors: Chen Mei‐Chun , Wu Li‐Ming , Lin Hua , Zhou Liu‐Jiang , Chen Ling 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of the elements (920 °C, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Large Magnetocaloric Effect in Laves Phase TbMn1.8Fe0.2 Compound over a Wide Temperature Range.
Authors: Gao Tian , Nishimura Katsuhiko , Li Lingwei , Namiki Takahiro , Isikawa Yosikazu 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe title compound is characterized by magnetization and heat capacity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Room‐Temperature Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols by Bromate—Bromide Coupling Acidic Water.
Authors: Paeaekkoenen Sanna , Pursiainen Jouni , Lajunen Marja 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVarious aliphatic and aromatic secondary alcohols are efficiently oxidized into corresponding ketones using non‐hazardous and inexpensive BrOH, generated in situ from NaBr and NaBrO3 in aqueous acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Seleninate Esters as Catalysts for the Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides, Epoxidation of Alkenes, and Conversion of Enamines to α‐Hydroxyketones.
Authors: Mercier Eric A. , Smith Chris D. , Parvez Masood , Back Thomas G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractGenerally, the seleninate efficiently promotes the reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica Supported Perchloric Acid Catalyzed Rapid N‐Formylation under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Ansari Mohd. Imran , Hussain Mohd. Kamil , Yadav Nisha , Gupta Puneet K. , Hajela K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractVarious primary and secondary amines can be successfully formylated under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Ionic Liquid 3‐Methyl‐1‐sulfonic Acid Imidazolium Nitrate as Reagent for the Nitration of Aromatic Compounds by in situ Generation of NO2 in Acidic Media.
Authors: Zolfigol Mohammad A. , Khazaei Ardeshir , Moosavi‐Zare Ahmad R. , Zare Abdolkarim , Kruger Hendrik G. , Asgari Zhila , Khakyzadeh Vahid , Kazem‐Rostami Masoud 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe new ionic liquid allows efficient nitration of various aromatic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Surfactant‐Free Single‐nano‐sized Colloidal Cu Nanoparticles for Use as an Active Catalyst in Ullmann‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Isomura Yuto , Narushima Takashi , Kawasaki Hideya , Yonezawa Tetsu , Obora Yasushi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe title catalyst shows high activity in Ullmann‐type cross‐coupling of aryl halides (I) and (IV) with phenols (II) under ligand‐free conditions to give diaryl ethers (III) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Secondary Amine Catalyzed Retro‐Aldol Reactions of Enals and Enones: One‐Pot Conversion of Enals to α‐Substituted Derivatives.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Nguyen Thanh V. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOptimized conditions which include pyrrolidine as the promoter allow the retro aldol hydrolysis of cinnamaldehydes and aliphatic α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Diastereoselective Tandem Conjugate Addition—Elimination Reaction of Morita—Baylis—Hillman C Adducts by C—C Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Yang Wenguo , Tan Davin , Lee Richmond , Li Lixin , Pan Yuanhang , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Tan Choon‐Hong , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFor the first time, the title reaction is presented with various C‐, S‐, and P‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective and Solvent‐Controlled Diastereoselective Mannich Reaction of Isatin Imines with Hydroxyacetone: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 3‐Aminooxindoles.
Authors: Guo Qi‐Xiang , Liu Yu‐Wan , Li Xing‐Cheng , Zhong Ling‐Zhi , Peng Yun‐Gui 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe amino acid (AMS) efficiently promotes the asymmetric reaction which selectively provides anti‐ or syn‐adducts depending on the solvent and isatin imine used.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Integration of Two Self‐Labor Domino Sequences: A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Oxazole Derivatives from Methyl Ketones and Benzoins.
Authors: Xue Wei‐Jian , Li Qi , Zhu Yan‐Ping , Wang Jun‐Gang , Wu An‐Xin 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA mechanism for the synthesis of polysubstituted oxazole derivatives (III) from methyl ketones (II), benzoin (I) and ammonium acetate is suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Three‐Component Reaction Involving Benzothiazole, Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds or Anthrone.
Authors: Nassiri Mahmoud 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBenzothiazole forms 1,3‐dipolar intermediates with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates which are trapped by 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds or anthrone in a one‐pot procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid Mediated Oxidative Desulfurization Initiated Domino Reactions for Synthesis of Azoles.
Authors: Chaudhari Pramod S. , Pathare Sagar P. , Akamanchi Krishnacharaya G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNew methods to prepare biologically important oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, tetrazoles, and 1,2,4‐triazoles are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Substituted Isoquinolines.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Wu Ming‐Hao , Lee Nein‐Chia , Lee Ming‐Fang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMonomethoxy‐substituted isoquinolines (II) are synthesized from 2‐allylbenzaldehydes by a one‐pot oxidative cleavage of the olefinic group followed by condensation of the resulting 1,5‐dicarbonyl compound with ammonium acetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3‐b]pyridines via Copper‐Mediated Intramolecular C—N Cross‐Coupling of Primary Allylamines.
Authors: Nayak Maloy , Batra Sanjay 
Published: July 2012

AbstractPrimary allylamines, generated from the Morita—Baylis—Hillman adducts of 4‐iodopyrazolecarbaldehydes, are converted into substituted pyrazolo[4,3‐b]pyridines by the new amination/cyclization /oxidation sequence which is catalyzed by CuI and L‐proline.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Approach to Azuleno[2,1‐b]pyridin‐4(1H)‐ones (IX)
Authors: Wang Dao‐Lin , Cui Qing‐Tao , Feng Shan‐Shan , Yu Jia‐Yi 
Published: July 2012

Abstractvia a tandem addition—elimination—SNAr reaction of β‐enaminone (VII) with primary amines
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Protocols for the Synthesis of 2,3‐trans‐ and 2,3‐cis‐6‐Methoxy‐morpholine‐2‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Penso Michele , Foschi Francesca , Pellegrino Sara , Testa Andrea , Gelmi Maria Luisa 
Published: July 2012

AbstractStraightforward and diastereoselective methods to prepare the title compounds are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Acyliminium Cyclization as an Approach for an Asymmetric Synthesis of the Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]benzazepine Ring System.
Authors: Allin Steven M. , Towler Joannah M. R. , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Saha Basu , Page Philip C. Bulman 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe key step is a stereoselective N‐acyliminium cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of an Unexpected Rearrangement Product Using Grubbs′ Second Generation Catalyst: 2‐Allyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzothiazines from Diene Precursors.
Authors: Morgans Garreth L. , Yadav Dharmendra B. , Fernandes Manuel A. , de Koning Charles B. , Michael Joseph P. , van Otterlo Willem A. L. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRing closing reaction of dienes (I) in the presence of Grubbs′ II catalyst produces benzothiazocines (II) and unexpected benzothiazines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Phosphonates by ClickFerrophos Ligands.
Authors: Konno Takashi , Shimizu Kenta , Ogata Kenichi , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe ferrocene derivative efficiently promotes the asymmetric hydrogenation of various α,β‐unsaturated phosphonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Phenolic Glucosides from the Roots of Rheum palmatum.
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Wei , Wang Jun‐Song , Luo Jun , Wei Dan‐Dan , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: July 2012

Abstractisolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity of new glucoside, rheumone A (I), and glycosides (II) and (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Isotope Labeled/Unlabeled Key Intermediates in 2‐Methyl‐D‐erythritol 4‐Phosphate Terpenoid Biosynthetic Pathway
Authors: Li Heng , Dai Shao‐Bo , Gao Wen‐Yun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractReview: 80 refs.