bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superconductivity suppression and peak resistivity enhancement for thin crystals of κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu(SCN)2
Authors: Bardin A. A. , Burn P. L. , Lo S.‐C. , Powell B. J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThick (100–130µm) crystals of κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu(SCN)2 show maximum of ρ(T) dependence at 100 K (2.5–2.8 times larger than their resistivity at 298 K) and reproducible Tc (onset) at 10.4 K. Thin (2–5 µm) crystals attached to a SiO2 wafer demonstrated profound enhancement of peak resistivity near 100 K (up to 3000 times greater than their room temperature resistivity). Further, superconductivity is absent in the thin films. We argue that these effects are due to ‘negative pressure’ (about −2.5 kbar at 100 K) caused by the large difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of SiO2 and κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu(SCN)2.magnified image
Thin single crystal on Au patterned Si/SiO2 wafer.
Thickness and annealing dependent morphology changes of iron silicide nanostructures on Si(001)
Authors: Molnár György , Dózsa László , Vértesy Zofia , Baji Zsófia , Pető Gábor 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSelf‐assembled, strain‐induced iron silicide nanostructures are grown on Si(001) substrate by conventional Fe evaporation and subsequent annealing. The phases and structures are characterized by reflection high energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electrical measurements. The size distribution of the formed iron silicide nanoobjects is inhomogeneous, but they are oriented in perpendicular directions on Si(001). The shape of the nanostructures varies from rod like to faceted triangular and quadratic depending on the initial Fe thickness and on the annealing temperature. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Charging behaviour of MNOS structures with embedded Ge nanocrystals
Authors: Horváth Zsolt J. , Molnár Károly Zs. , Molnár György , Basa Péter , Jászi Tamás , Pap Andrea E. , Lovassy Rita , Turmezei Péter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCharging behaviour of MNOS structures containing Ge nanocrytals embedded at the SiO2/Si3N4 interface are studied by experiments and by calculating tunnelling probabilities of electrons and holes to the conductance or valence band of the nitride layer, respectively, for structures with and without nanocrystals. It is concluded that the optimal charging behaviour of MNOS structures without nanocrystals can be expected for an oxide thickness of 2‐3 nm. The presence of semiconductor nanocrystals at the SiO2/Si3N4 interface enhances strongly the tunnelling probability of electrons and holes for structures with thin oxide layers (2‐3 nm) at low electric fields, but they do not influence the charging behaviour of structures at high electric fields. The results of calculations are in agreement with the experimental results obtained on MNOS structures with Ge nanocrystals. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preface: Group III nitrides and their heterostructures for electronics and photonics
Authors: Gil Bernard , Hoffmann Axel 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis issue of physica status solidi contains papers presented at the E‐MRS Spring Meeting Symposium F on nitrides held in Nice, France, May 2011.Group III nitrides are semiconductors which dramatically developed at the very end of the twentieth century thanks to simultaneous advances in knowledge, industrial, technological and scientific fields, all of which are related to information technologies and concerned with energy saving. Although more than two decades have passed since the first successful operation of optical and electron devices based on group III nitrides, there are still many reports describing technological difficulties related to the fabrication of these devices, to their modeling, to their characterization. The purpose of the Symposium F was to provide an active forum for scientists and engineers from around the world to meet and exchange their experiences. E‐MRS held in Nice, in 2011 was an ideal venue for hosting this symposium at its Palace of Congress (Acropolis).We are delighted that the symposium was attended by more than 180 participants from countries in Asia, Europe, America and Africa. The program comprised a plenary talk by Dr. Connie Chang Hasnain, University of California at Berkeley, 20 invited talks, 66 oral presentations and 93 posters.We deeply express our gratitude to the plenary and invited speakers and to all members who participated in this symposium.The series of scientific events organized under the umbrella of E‐MRS, and initiated in Strasbourg in 1996 will continue to be held in 2013 for again a successful symposium (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A point‐source reconstruction from concentration measurements in low‐wind stable conditions
Authors: Sharan Maithili , Issartel Jean‐Pierre , Singh Sarvesh Kumar 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn inversion technique is proposed to reconstruct an elevated point emission source of known height of atmospheric trace species from a finite number of concentration measurements in low‐wind stable conditions. Observations from the SF6 diffusion experiment at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory in low‐wind stable conditions are used for the point source reconstruction.The source location and its strength are both retrieved exactly with the model‐generated measurements in all the runs. With real data, the location is reconstructed with an average error of 20 m, mostly along the wind, and the intensity is retrieved within a factor of 2 in all the runs. The incurred errors in the retrieval are justified by estimating the angular departure between the vectors of measurement and adjoint function. A sensitivity study is carried out to analyse the sensitivity of the source estimation with respect to signal perturbation caused by the background concentration of the species in the ambient air. Source reconstruction is shown to be improved and more focused when the samplers having a measurement value corresponding to the background concentration are maintained in the inversion process. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric investigation of pollen and their classification by multivariate statistics
Authors: Krause Benjamin , Seifert Stephan , Panne Ulrich , Kneipp Janina , Weidner Steffen M. 
Published: March 2012

RATIONALEA fast and reliable online identification of pollen is not yet available. The identification of pollen is based mainly on the evaluation of morphological data obtained by microscopic methods.METHODSMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) was applied to the analysis of extracts and milled pollen samples. The obtained MALDI data were explored for characteristic peak patterns which could be subjected to a multivariate statistical analysis.RESULTSTwo sample preparation methods are presented, which require only minimal or no chemical extraction of the pollen. MALDI pollen spectra could be recorded showing various peak patterns. A multivariate statistics approach allowed the classification of pollen into clusters indicating similarities and differences between various species.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate the potential and the reliability of MALDI‐TOF MS for the identification and, in combination with multivariate statistics, also for the classification of pollen. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust output tracking control for a velocity‐sensorless vertical take‐off and landing aircraft with input disturbances and unmatched uncertainties
Authors: Su Shanwei , Lin Yan 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we develop a nonlinear controller to achieve output tracking for a nonminimum phase vertical take‐off and landing aircraft without velocity measurements. To attenuate the effects of input disturbances and unmatched uncertainties, auxiliary control inputs are introduced in the state observer. Then by taking the aircraft lateral movement into consideration, a control law is proposed to force the vertical take‐off and landing aircraft to asymptotically track the desired trajectories even in the presence of unexpected changes of the trajectories, while driving the unstable internal dynamics to follow the bounded and causal ideal internal dynamics via the stable system center method. Numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controller. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic Structural Analysis of Nanowire Defects and Polytypes Enabled Through Cross‐Sectional Lattice Imaging
Authors: Hemesath Eric R. , Schreiber Daniel K. , Kisielowski Christian F. , Petford‐Long Amanda K. , Lauhon Lincoln J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCorrelated transmission electron microscopy imaging, electron diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy are used to investigate the structure of Si nanowires with planar defects. In addition to plan‐view imaging, individual defective nanowires are imaged in axial cross‐section at specific locations selected in plan‐view imaging. This correlated characterization approach enables definitive identification of complex defect structures that give rise to diffraction patterns that have been misinterpreted in the literature. Conclusive evidence for the 9R Si polytype is presented, and the atomic structure of this phase is correlated with kinematically‐forbidden reflections in Si diffraction patterns. Despite striking similarities between imaging and diffraction data from twinned nanowires and the 9R polytype, clear distinctions between the structures can be made. Finally, the structural origins of ⅓{422} reflections in Si [111] diffraction patterns are identified.
X-Ray-Visible Microcapsules Containing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Hind Limb Perfusion in a Rabbit Model of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Kedziorek Dorota A. , Hofmann Lawrence V. , Fu Yingli , Gilson Wesley D. , Cosby Kenyatta M. , Kohl Bernard , Barnett Brad P. , Simons Brian W. , Walczak Piotr , Bulte Jeff W.M. , Gabrielson Kathleen , Kraitchman Dara L. 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The therapeutic goal in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients is to restore blood flow to ischemic tissue. Stem cell transplantation offers a new avenue to enhance arteriogenesis and angiogenesis. Two major problems with cell therapies are poor cell survival and the lack of visualization of cell delivery and distribution. To address these therapeutic barriers, allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were encapsulated in alginate impregnated with a radiopaque contrast agent (MSC-Xcaps.) In vitro MSC-Xcap viability by a fluorometric assay was high (96.9% ± 2.7% at 30 days postencapsulation) and as few as 10 Xcaps were visible on clinical x-ray fluoroscopic systems. Using an endovascular PAD model, rabbits (n = 21) were randomized to receive MSC-Xcaps (n = 6), empty Xcaps (n = 5), unencapsulated MSCs (n = 5), or sham intramuscular injections (n = 5) in the ischemic thigh 24 hours postocclusion. Immediately after MSC transplantation and 14 days later, digital radiographs acquired on a clinical angiographic system demonstrated persistent visualization of the Xcap injection sites with retained contrast-to-noise. Using a modified TIMI frame count, quantitative angiography demonstrated a 65% improvement in hind limb perfusion or arteriogenesis in MSC-Xcap-treated animals versus empty Xcaps. Post-mortem immunohistopathology of vessel density by anti-CD31 staining demonstrated an 87% enhancement in angiogenesis in Xcap-MSC-treated animals versus empty Xcaps. MSC-Xcaps represent the first x-ray-visible cellular therapeutic with enhanced efficacy for PAD treatment.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Stochastic weather generators for climate‐change downscaling, part II: multivariable and spatially coherent multisite downscaling
Authors: Wilks Daniel S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper continues Part I (Wilks DS. Use of stochastic weather generators for precipitation downscaling. WIRES Clim Change 2010, 1(6):898–907) of a two‐part review on statistical downscaling of climate changes using parametric ‘weather generators’, which treated only precipitation downscaling at individual locations. Here the review is extended to include also downscaling of nonprecipitation variables at individual locations, and spatially coherent precipitation and nonprecipitation downscaling. Parametric weather generators are explicitly stochastic models that usually operate on the daily timescale. The use of stochastic methods for climate downscaling is natural and logically consistent because of the inherent indeterminacy of the problem: any number of small‐scale weather sequences may be associated with a given set of larger‐scale values. Downscaled climate changes are simulated by adjusting or varying the parameters of the weather generators, in a manner consistent with dynamically simulated or otherwise assumed larger‐scale climate changes. Two main approaches for such parametric adjustments have been developed, namely changes in the daily weather generator parameters based on imposed or assumed changes in the corresponding monthly statistics, and day‐by‐day changes to the generator parameters that are controlled by daily variations in simulated atmospheric circulation. These methods are reviewed here, and perspectives on their relative merits are offered. WIREs Clim Change 2012 DOI: 10.1002/wcc.167This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Representing Uncertainty
Bezafibrate lowers very long‐chain fatty acids in X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy fibroblasts by inhibiting fatty acid elongation
Authors: Engelen Marc , Schackmann Martin J. A. , Ofman Rob , Sanders Robert‐Jan , Dijkstra Inge M. E. , Houten Sander M. , Fourcade Stéphane , Pujol Aurora , Poll‐The Bwee Tien , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Kemp Stephan 
Published: March 2012

AbstractX‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD) is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene encoding ALDP, an ATP‐binding‐cassette (ABC) transporter located in the peroxisomal membrane. ALDP deficiency results in impaired peroxisomal β‐oxidation and the subsequent accumulation of very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA; > C22:0) in plasma and tissues. VLCFA are primarily derived from endogenous synthesis by ELOVL1. Therefore inhibiting this enzyme might constitute a feasible therapeutic approach. In this paper we demonstrate that bezafibrate, a PPAR pan agonist used for the treatment of patients with hyperlipidaemia reduces VLCFA levels in X‐ALD fibroblasts. Surprisingly, the VLCFA‐lowering effect was independent of PPAR activation and not caused by the increase in either mitochondrial or peroxisomal fatty acid β‐oxidation capacity. In fact, our results show that bezafibrate reduces VLCFA synthesis by decreasing the synthesis of C26:0 through a direct inhibition of fatty acid elongation activity. Taken together, our data indicate bezafibrate as a potential pharmacotherapeutic treatment for X‐ALD. A clinical trial is currently ongoing to evaluate the effect in patients with X‐ALD.
Exom-Sequenzierung zur Identifizierung von Krankheitsgenen
Authors: Neveling K. , Hoischen A. 
Published: March 2012

ZusammenfassungNeueste Sequenziertechnologien („next-generation sequencing“) erlauben die gleichzeitige Sequenzierung aller proteinkodierender Sequenzen, das sog. Exom. Die Identifizierung der jeweiligen pathogenen Mutation unter den Tausenden detektierten Varianten stellt dabei eine große Herausforderung dar, und neue Strategien für die Priorisierung von Varianten sind unerlässlich. Die jeweilige Wahl einer Strategie ist dabei von verschiedenen Faktoren abhängig, wie z. B. dem Vorhandensein gut charakterisierter Patienten und deren Familien, von der Art der Vererbung, der Schwere der Krankheit sowie deren Frequenz in der allgemeinen Bevölkerung. In dem vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel diskutieren wir die heute gebräuchlichen Strategien zur Identifizierung von neuen Krankheitsgenen mittels Exom-Sequenzierung und beschreiben die Lehren der ersten Exom-Studien. Wir glauben, dass die Sequenzierung von Exomen in den folgenden Jahren die am häufigsten angewandte Methode zur Identifizierung von Krankheitsgenen sein wird und dabei gleichzeitig auch ein großes diagnostisches Potenzial aufweist.
Das 2q37-Deletionssyndrom
Authors: Villavicencio-Lorini P. , Klopocki E. , Pfeiffer L. , Mundlos S. , Horn D. 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Durch Deletionen im chromosomalen Bereich 2q37 wird ein klinisches Bild verursacht, das als „Albright-hereditäre-Osteodystrophie(AHO)-ähnliches Syndrom“ bezeichnet wird. Aufgrund der Hauptmerkmale leichte bis mäßig schwere Entwicklungsverzögerung, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und Brachydakytlie Typ E wird dieser Phänotyp auch Brachydaktylie-mentales-Retardierungs-Syndrom (BDMR, MIM 600430) genannt. Durch Eingrenzung minimaler krankheitsrelevanter 2q37-Deletionsintervalle wurde das Histondeacetylase-4-Gen (HDAC4, MIM 605314), ein zentraler Transkriptionsrepressor, der in der Gehirn-, Muskel- und Skelettentwicklung involviert ist, als krankheitsrelevantes Gen für das BDMR-Syndrom identifiziert. Bislang wurden intragenische HDAC4-Mutationen bei 2 Patienten mit BDMR-Syndrom nachgewiesen, bei denen zunächst aufgrund von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten klinisch ein Smith-Magenis-Syndrom vermutet worden war. Untersuchungen mittels Array-CGH („comparative genomic hybridization“) decken ein breiteres phänotypisches Spektrum des 2q37-Deletionssyndroms als bislang bekannt auf. So war der Nachweis einer 2q37-Deletion auch bei entwicklungsverzögerten Patienten ohne BDE möglich.
Awareness of and attitudes toward congenital cytomegalovirus infection among pregnant women in Singapore
Authors: Lim S.L. , Tan W.C. , Tan L.K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the level of awareness of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and attitudes toward prenatal CMV serologic testing among pregnant women.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to pregnant women who attended a specialist outpatient clinic at Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, between September and December 2010.ResultsAmong 200 respondents, 40 (20.0%) were aware of CMV. Healthcare workers were more likely to be aware of CMV (odds ratio 6.91, confidence interval 2.14–22.30; P = 0.001). Most respondents found it “very” or “somewhat” easy to adhere to standard guidelines for primary prevention of CMV. Among the respondents, 62.0% (124/200) would like to be given the option of prenatal CMV screening and 72.0% (144/200) were keen to be screened. On multivariate analysis, respondents who were keen to undergo serologic screening for CMV were not more likely to consider invasive testing or termination of pregnancy should the test results demonstrate primary maternal CMV infection.ConclusionPregnant women who were keen to undergo CMV testing demonstrated attitudes toward invasive testing and termination of pregnancy that were not significantly different from those of women who would refuse testing. Patient choice and expectations should be considered in the implementation of preventive measures against congenital CMV.
Influence of early self‐diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis on preterm birth rate
Authors: Sungkar Ali , Purwosunu Yuditiya , Aziz Muhamad F. , Pratomo Hadi , Sutrisna Bambang , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether early self‐diagnosis and treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV) could lower the preterm birth rate among a group of Indonesian women.MethodsA randomized controlled trial of 331 pregnant women (14–18 weeks) was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to either the active model group (n = 176) or the control group (n = 155). Women in the active model group were equipped with a kit to self‐evaluate vaginal pH; those with a positive test result were treated with a twice daily dose of 500 mg of metronidazole for 7 days. The primary end point was preterm birth rate.ResultsThere were 6 (3.8%) and 8 (5.4%) preterm births in the active model and control groups, respectively (P = 0.468). No spontaneous abortions were recorded in either group. When compared with the gold standard (Gram staining), the vaginal acidity test had low ability to detect BV, with 88.7% specificity and 36.9% sensitivity. The positive predictive value of the test was 35.0% PPV, while the negative predictive value was 89.4%.ConclusionEarly self‐diagnosis and treatment of BV did not reduce the preterm birth rate of the study group.ClinicalTrial.gov number: NCT01232192.
Effects of transvaginal repair of symptomatic rectocele on symptom‐specific distress and impact on quality of life
Authors: Polin Michael R. , Gleason Jonathan L. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Holley Robert L. , Richter Holly E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine symptom‐specific distress and quality‐of‐life impact outcomes among women who had undergone transvaginal repair of symptomatic rectocele.MethodsWomen who underwent transvaginal repair of symptomatic rectocele at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA, between April 2006 and June 2009 were included in a retrospective case series. Minimum follow‐up was 1 year post‐surgery. Women who underwent concomitant surgery, other than perineoplasty and/or midurethral sling, were excluded. End points were assessed using the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI‐20) and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ‐7).ResultsOverall, 113 women underwent repair of symptomatic rectocele, of whom 69 (61.1%) completed preoperative questionnaires and 66 (58.4%) responded to follow‐up questionnaires. Mean time from surgery was 31.2 ± 11.2 months. PFDI‐20 and PFIQ‐7 scores were significantly improved following surgery, with a median pre‐ and post‐surgery difference of 35.4 (P < 0.001) and 31.0 (P = 0.002), respectively.ConclusionPatients who underwent transvaginal repair of symptomatic rectocele reported improvements in symptom‐specific distress and impact on quality of life.
Distinct Contributions of Replication and Transcription to Mutation Rate Variation of Human Genomes
Authors: Cui Peng , Ding Feng , Lin Qiang , Zhang Lingfang , Li Ang , Zhang Zhang , Hu Songnian , Yu Jun 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Here, we evaluate the contribution of two major biological processes—DNA replication and transcription—to mutation rate variation in human genomes. Based on analysis of the public human tissue transcriptomics data, high-resolution replicating map of Hela cells and dbSNP data, we present significant correlations between expression breadth, replication time in local regions and SNP density. SNP density of tissue-specific (TS) genes is significantly higher than that of housekeeping (HK) genes. TS genes tend to locate in late-replicating genomic regions and genes in such regions have a higher SNP density compared to those in early-replication regions. In addition, SNP density is found to be positively correlated with expression level among HK genes. We conclude that the process of DNA replication generates stronger mutational pressure than transcription-associated biological processes do, resulting in an increase of mutation rate in TS genes while having weaker effects on HK genes. In contrast, transcription-associated processes are mainly responsible for the accumulation of mutations in highly-expressed HK genes.