bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Challenges of Qualitatively Coding Ancient Texts
Authors: Slingerland Edward , Chudek Maciej 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe respond to several important and valid concerns about our study (“The Prevalence of Folk Dualism in Early China,”Cognitive Science 35: 997–1007) by Klein and Klein, defending our interpretation of our data. We also argue that, despite the undeniable challenges involved in qualitatively coding texts from ancient cultures, the standard tools used throughout the cognitive sciences—large quantities of data, coders as blind to the hypothesis as possible, intercoder reliability measures, and statistical analysis—allow the noise of randomly distributed interpretative differences to be distinguished from the signal of genuine historical patterns.
Usefulness of CT Angiography for Therapeutic Decision Making in Thrombolyzing Intubated Patients with Suspected Basilar Artery Thrombosis
Authors: Ng Kay W.P. , Venketasubramanian N. , Yeo Leonard L.L. , Ahmad Aftab , Loh Pei K. , Seet Raymond C.S. , Teoh Hock L. , Chan Bernard P.L. , Sharma Vijay K. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND AIMSAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to basilar artery thrombosis (BAT) causes high mortality and severe disability. Early neurological assessment and timely thrombolysis might improve outcome. BAT is difficult to diagnose due to wide spectrum of presentation and decreased conscious level. Emergency physicians often intubate BAT patients with airway compromise before arrival of stroke neurologist. We evaluated role of computerized tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) of brain and cervical arteries in early diagnosis of acute BAT in intubated patients and facilitating decision for thrombolysis.METHODSConsecutive AIS patients presenting between 2007 and 2009 within 6 hours of symptom onset, with sudden deterioration in conscious level and intubation before assessment by neurologist, were included. All patients underwent brain CT and CTA. Outcomes were assessed at 3 months.RESULTSThrombolytic therapy, mainly intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV‐TPA), was administered to 161 (8.4%) of 1,917 AIS patients during the study period. Acute BAT contributed 10.9% of our cohort. CTA was performed in 152 (94.4%) patients and the rest were excluded due to their impaired renal functions. Five patients (3 males, mean age 72 years) presenting with acute obtundation and airway compromise were intubated, sedated, and paralyzed before assessment by neurologist. CTA showed BAT in all. IV‐TPA was initiated at 213 ± 59 minutes in 4 patients while 1 received intraarterial thrombolysis at 13 hours. There was no intracranial hemorrhage. Mean length of hospital stay was 11.8 days. Despite severe stroke at presentation, good functional recovery at 3 months (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 1) occurred in 2 patients; mRS 4 in 1, and 2 died.CONCLUSIONIn patients with BAT, intubated before assessment by neurologist, CTA might help in confirming the diagnosis and facilitating therapeutic decision making for initiating thrombolysis.
Leukoencephalopathies in Mitochondrial Disorders: Clinical and MRI Findings
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Zarrouk Mahjoub Sinda 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTThe second most frequently affected organ in mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) is the central nervous system (CNS). One of the most frequent CNS abnormalities on imaging is the affection of the white matter (WMLs) for which the term, leukoencephalopathies in mitochondrial disorders (LEM), is proposed. The morphology of LEM on imaging is quite variable even within the same type of MID and the same family. LEM can be a subtle or prominent feature on imaging and may go along with or without clinical neurologic or neuropsychological manifestations. WMLs are most likely due to the underlying metabolic defect of the respiratory chain or concomitant oxidative stress, resulting in neuronal death and replacement of neurons by glial cells. WMLs in MIDs frequently give rise to misinterpretation, particularly if the mitochondrial defect is not evident in organs other than the CNS or if the presence of WMLs does not induce consideration of a MID as a differential. The diagnosis of a LEM requires the diagnosis of an MID, the detection of WMLs on imaging, and the exclusion of all possible differentials. Because the presence of LEM has an impact on the prognosis of an MID, all MID patients should undergo cerebral imaging even in the absence of clinical CNS manifestations.
The novel, orally bioavailable HSP90 inhibitor NVP‐HSP990 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells and acts synergistically with melphalan by increased cleavage of caspases
Authors: Lamottke Britta , Kaiser Martin , Mieth Maren , Heider Ulrike , Gao Zhenhai , Nikolova Zariana , Jensen Michael R. , Sterz Jan , von Metzler Ivana , Sezer Orhan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (HSP90) binds and stabilizes numerous proteins and kinases essential for myeloma cell survival and proliferation. We and others have recently demonstrated that inhibition of HSP90 by small molecular mass inhibitors induces cell death in multiple myeloma (MM). However, some of the HSP90 inhibitors involved in early clinical trials have shown limited antitumor activity and unfavorable toxicity profiles. Here, we analyzed the effects of the novel, orally bioavailable HSP90 inhibitor NVP‐HSP990 on MM cell proliferation and survival. The inhibitor led to a significant reduction in myeloma cell viability and induced G2 cell cycle arrest, degradation of caspase‐8 and caspase‐3, and induction of apoptosis. Inhibition of the HSP90 ATPase activity was accompanied by the degradation of MM phospho‐Akt and phospho‐ERK1/2 and upregulation of Hsp70. Exposure of MM cells to a combination of NVP‐HSP990 and either melphalan or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors caused synergistic inhibition of viability, increased induction of apoptosis, and was able to overcome the primary resistance of the cell line RPMI‐8226 to HSP90 inhibition. Combined incubation with melphalan and NVP‐HSP990 led to synergistically increased cleavage of caspase‐2, caspase‐9, and caspase‐3. These data demonstrate promising activity for NVP‐HSP990 as single agent or combination treatment in MM and provide a rationale for clinical trials.
How graphic novels support reading comprehension strategy development in children
Authors: Brenna Beverley 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis qualitative case study explored the relationship between comprehension strategies and graphic novels in one Grade 4 classroom, utilising children as informants. The primary research questions related to children's applications of metacognitive reading comprehension strategies as well as the potential for graphic novels to support the students’ development as readers. Findings demonstrated that the children were able to apply two types of strategies to their reading of graphic novels: ‘keys’ that supported form‐specific comprehension strategies and ‘master keys’ that supported more general comprehension strategies that could be applied to other types of texts. Student preferences for graphic novels aligned with their preferences for reading narrative novels and non‐fiction, and did not align with preferences regarding comics or cartoons. Student preferences for reading graphic novels increased throughout the study. Fluent student responses to graphic novels through process drama were identified. Implications of the study involve the employment of graphic novels to support metacognitive strategies for reading and writing as well as to facilitate process drama.
Biopsychosocial Model of Hypersexuality in Adolescent Girls With Bipolar Disorder: Strategies for Intervention
Authors: Basco Monica Ramirez , Celis‐de Hoyos Cintly E. 
Published: February 2012

TOPIC:  Engagement in high‐risk behaviors, impaired judgment, and hypersexuality present unique health challenges to adolescent girls with bipolar disorder (BD). Behavioral management of sexuality does not routinely fall under the purview of psychiatric care, but requires preventive measures.PURPOSE:  This paper presents a biopsychosocial model of hypersexuality in girls with BD, describes factors that lead to high‐risk sexual behaviors, and provides a framework for cognitive–behavioral intervention.SOURCES USED:  The study used a review of empirically based clinical and research literature.CONCLUSIONS:  Sexual health education, improved treatment adherence, symptom monitoring, interpersonal skills training, parental involvement, and clinician education can improve hypersexual behavior in girls with BD.
Using evolutionary tools to facilitate the prediction and prevention of host‐based differentiation in biological control: a review and perspective
Authors: Vorsino A.E. , Wieczorek A.M. , Wright M.G. , Messing R.H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe unprecedented success of biological control (biocontrol) agents led some of the proponents of this technology to promote its use as a panacea for all pest problems. Following an accumulation of non‐target host interactions, because of generalist or new association introductions, techniques to help ensure classical biocontrol agent's success and reduce non‐target interactions were implemented. Even with these new measures in place, public and scientific mistrust and lack of consistency has resulted in increased regulation of biocontrol introductions. This has likely decreased the probability of effective, sustainable control measures being expeditiously implemented. With the current apprehension concerning the safety of biocontrol, we should incorporate the processes (adaptation, selection, etc.) and theoretical concepts of evolutionary biology to predict and enhance the effectiveness of biocontrol. The microevolutionary perspective that involves mutation, drift, selection and gene flow may be a crucial consideration in the realm of biocontrol. Here, we discuss how and why spatial and evolutionary models should be implemented into future risk assessment analyses of potential biocontrol agents. We suggest that it is necessary to re‐assess the approach that has developed over the past approximately 100 years of sustained releases and illuminate them in the context of an evolutionary timescale.
A Sunyaev–Zel'dovich take on cluster radio haloes – I. Global scaling and bi-modality using Planck data
Authors: Basu Kaustuv 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACT
Giant radio haloes in galaxy clusters are the primary evidence for the existence of relativistic particles (cosmic rays) and magnetic fields over Mpc scales. Observational tests for the different theoretical models explaining their powering mechanism have so far been obtained through X-ray selection of clusters, e.g. by comparing cluster X-ray luminosities with radio halo power. Here we present the first global scaling relations between radio halo power and integrated Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect measurements, using the Planck all-sky cluster catalogue and published radio data. The correlation agrees well with previous scaling measurements based on X-ray data and offers a more direct probe into the mass dependence inside radio haloes. However, we find no strong indication for a bi-modal cluster population split between radio halo and radio-quiet objects. We discuss the possible causes for this apparent lack of bi-modality and compare the observed slope of the radio–SZ correlation with competing theoretical models of radio halo origin.
Characteristic Features of Stem Cells in Glioblastomas: From Cellular Biology to Genetics
Authors: Knights Mark J. , Kyle Stuart , Ismail Azzam 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults and is among the most lethal and least successfully treated solid tumors. Recently, research into the area of stem cells in brain tumors has gained momentum. However, due to the relatively new and novel hypothesis that a subpopulation of cancer cells in each malignancy has the potential for tumor initiation and repopulation, the data in this area of research are still in its infancy. This review article is aimed at attempting to bring together research carried out so far in order to build an understanding of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Initially, we consider GSCs at a morphological and cellular level, and then discuss important cell markers, signaling pathways and genetics. Furthermore, we highlight the difficulties associated with what some of the evidence indicates and what collectively the studies contribute to further defining the interpretation of GSCs.
How many elephants can you fit into a conservation area
Authors: Scheiter Simon , Higgins Steven I. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe African elephant is the largest extant terrestrial mammal and a reminder of the Pleistocene megafauna. Their survival is, however, dependent on conservation areas. In some conservation areas, rapidly growing elephant populations have led conservation biologists to ask, how many elephants can these areas support? The debate is polarized by arguments for large populations for economic, social, or ethical reasons and arguments for smaller populations that avoid biodiversity loss. We use a novel dynamic modeling approach to assess how climate change‐induced vegetation change may influence the capacity of a conservation area to support large herbivores. The model projects that elephant densities and fire have substantial impacts on vegetation under current climatic conditions. Under future conditions, the capacity to support elephants increases due to CO2‐induced increases in woody plant productivity. We conclude that sustainable management in conservation areas needs to be conditioned on the effects of climate change on vegetation.
Silver‐coated endotracheal tube versus non‐coated endotracheal tube for preventing ventilator‐associated pneumonia among adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Xiao , Yuan Qiang , Wang Li , Du Liang , Deng Lijing 
Published: February 2012

Abstract Objective: To compare the effects of using silver‐coated endotracheal tube (ETT) versus non‐coated ETT on the incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) and mortality in adult patients.Method: We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from inception to June 30, 2011. We also retrieved the reference lists of included studies and reviews. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing silver‐coated ETTs versus non‐coated ETTs were included. We pooled the results using a random‐effect model and conducted subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses to address the heterogeneity between studies.Results: We identified two eligible RCTs with a total of 1630 participants. The studies were of high quality according to Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Compared with non‐coated ETTs, silver‐coated ETTs resulted in lower incidence of VAP (RR=0.64, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.96), device‐related adverse events (RR=0.53, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.88), and microbiologic burden (≥10,000 CFU/mL: 0.64, 0.48 to 0.86; ≥100,000 CFU/mL: 0.62, 0.43 to 0.89). However, there was no significant difference in total mortality (RR=1.14, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.30).Conclusion: The limited evidence from meta‐analysis of two RCTs showed that using silver‐coated ETTs reduced the incidence of VAP, microbiologic burden, and device‐related adverse events among adult patients. Additional rigorous randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.
In vitro differentiated HT 29‐D4 clonal cell line generates leakproof and electrically active monolayers when cultured in porous‐bottom culture dishes
Authors: Fantini Jacques , Verrier Bernard , Marvaldi Jacques , Mauchamp Jean 
Published: February 2012

HT 29‐D4 is a clonal cell line, derived from the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT 29, which can be induced to differentiate into enterocyte‐like cells by replacing glucose with galactose in the culture medium (Fantini et al. [1986], J. Cell Sci. 83, 235–249). Both undifferentiated and differentiated HT 29‐D4 cells have been successfully grown to confluency in Costar Transwell permeable chambers. Only HT 29‐D4 cells grown in glucose‐free, galactose‐containing medium were able to form leakproof monolayers, as demonstrated by their ability to prevent diffusion of serum proteins. These monolayers consist of highly polarized epithelial‐like cells with a well organized apical brush border.Transepithelial electrical parameters have been measured under sterile conditions for both types of monolayer. Only HT 29‐D4 monolayers cultured in glucose‐free, galactose‐containing medium were electrically active, with a transepithelial resistance R = 172 ± 46 Ω·cm2, a potential difference PD = 0.35 ± 0.05 mV, apical negative and a short‐circuit current Isc = 2.0 ± 0.4 μA·cm −2. Apical addition of amphotericin B induced a rapid and considerable increase in Isa and PD, which was abolished by basal ouabain.In contrast, HT 29‐D4 cells grown in glucose‐containing medium did not generate any potential difference (PD = 0 mV) and their resistance was very low (R = 34.1 ± 0.9 Ω·cm2).It is concluded from these studies that HT 29‐D4 cells grown in glucose‐free, galactose‐containing medium acquire functional characteristics of epithelia, compared to HT 29‐D4 cells grown in glucose‐containing medium. This unique clonal model system would be of a great interest in studies focused on the mehanisms involved in the establishment of an electrically active epithelial monolayer.
Vasopressin‐induced transfer via light vesicles of receptors and water channels from basolateral to apical membrane of toad bladder
Authors: Eggena Patrick , Chien‐Ling MA 
Published: February 2012

Toad bladder epithelial cells were homogenized and fractionated by Percoll density‐gradient centrifugation. Binding of tritium‐labeled vasopressin ([3H]AVP) was measured in surface membranes (SM), microsomes (M), and a 100,000 g (60‐min) micrsomal supernatant fraction (S). More than two‐thirds of the total receptors were in S. Receptors in SM — but not in S — were tightly coupled to G‐protein as suggested by inhibition of [3H]AVP binding by GTP. GTP‐sensitivity of [3H]AVP binding was not altered by vasotocin (AVT) stimulation, although the distribution of receptors shifted from SM to S.Intact bladders, exposed on the serosal side to 1‐desamino, 7‐lysine‐(4‐azidobenzoyl), 8‐arginine vasotocin (d7‐N3‐AVT) in the presence of UV light, exhibited a persistent hydroosmotic response compared to controls stimulated with photoaffinity analog in the dark. Cell fractions from the irradiated bladders showed a reduction in [3H]AVP binding in SM and S.Intact bladders, exposed on the mucosal side to d7‐N3‐AVT in the presence of UV light (while stimulated from the serosal side with AVP) exhibited a decrease in [3H]AVP binding in SM compared to controls without d7‐N3‐AVT.These findings suggest the following working hypothesis for the hydroosmotic action of vasopressin: (1) Vasopressin binds to receptors at the basolateral membrane, which is water‐permeable in the unstimulated state; (2) The hormone‐receptor complex is endocytosed and, together with other components of the basolateral membrane containing “water channels”, appears in “light vesicles”; (3) These light vesicles (and/or similar vesicles in a cytoplasmic reservoir) move to the apical membrane where they fuse with the water‐impermeable apical membrane and thereby render the rate‐limiting barrier permeable to water.
76 and 14 kDa polypeptides, two major components released from amphibian urinary bladder epithelium. Localization and potential role
Authors: Dassouli A. , Gobin R. , Grossetete J. , Rouchon M. , Ripoche P. , Chevalier J. 
Published: February 2012

Several experimental conditions such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH) challenge, apical treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and mechanical stretching of the tissue are known to increase the insertion of intramembrane particle aggregates and/or granule exocytosis at the apical border of epithelial cells of amphibian urinary bladders. A constant release of 2 peptides of 76 and 14 kDa apparent molecular mass, respectively, was associated with these treatments. The localization of these 2 polypeptides was assessed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry using fluorescent, peroxidase, and colloidal gold probes. The 76 kDa polypeptide appeared to be associated with the cell coat and with the granule content which is released at the apical cell surface. The 14 kDa peptide was also found in the cell coat, and postembedding immunocytochemistry indicates its presence in cytoplasmic subapical vesicles (aggrephores and/or granules).The migration of these 76 and 14 kDa polypeptides in SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was modified neither by a treatment at 90°C, nor by the presence or absence of calcium in the medium. Treatment with EGTA did not modify the fluorescence emission of the two peptides and, consequently, they are probably not among the major calcium binding proteins.The addition to the mucosal medium of the stretch extract or of antibodies raised against the 76 and 14 kDa peptides did not modify ADH‐induced water permeability. However, a significant decrease of the hydrosmotic response to ADH occurred in subsequent stimulation‐washout cycles when the anti‐14 kDa peptide antiserum was applied to the mucosal bath. When the bladders were incubated with a stretch extract, we observed a slight alteration of the short‐circuit current (Isc), an increase of the basal Na+ transport, and a decrease of the maximal Isc in response to ADH. The 76 kDa protein, released in the apical medium, could play a protective role in the cellular plasma membrane and could participate in the formation of the thick cell coat lining the apical membrane of the granular cells. The 14 kDa protein might be one of the proteins associated with the aggregates, but further studies will be necessary to clarify its exact role in the ADH‐induced permeability modifications observed in amphibian urinary bladders.
Interchromatin granules in plant nuclei
Authors: Medina Maria Asuncion , De La Espina Susana Moreno Diaz , Martin Marta , Fernandez‐Gomez Maria Encarnacion 
Published: February 2012

The interchromatin granules (IG) are well characterized subnuclear structures in animal cell nuclei which form a part of the internal nuclear matrix and are supposed to correspond to accummulation sites of snRNPs and/or maturation and transport of rRNPs; but similar structures have not yet been characterized in plant nuclei.Using the bismuth impregnation technique of Locke and Huie, preferential for the staining of IG, we describe here a kind of positive granules 20–25 nm in diameter in plants. The putative plant IG have a series of common characteristics with animal IG, which are not found as a whole in any other subnuclear structures. These are: size, morphology and ultrastructural organization, presence in groups, EDTA and bismuth oxynitrate positive reactions, resistance to double digestion with proteases and RNase I and their high content in phosphorylated proteins. For all the above and also because they are ubiquitous structures in the plant nuclei, we identified these granules with the IG described in animal cells.