bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eye-Tracking Biomarkers and Autism Diagnosis in Primary Care
Authors: Keehn Brandon , Monahan Patrick , Enneking Brett , Ryan Tybytha , Swigonski Nancy , McNally Keehn Rebecca 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceFinding effective and scalable solutions to address diagnostic delays and disparities in autism is a public health imperative. Approaches that integrate eye-tracking biomarkers into tiered community-based models of autism evaluation hold promise for addressing this problem.ObjectiveTo determine whether a battery of eye-tracking biomarkers can reliably differentiate young children with and without autism in a community-referred sample collected during clinical evaluation in the primary care setting and to evaluate whether combining eye-tracking biomarkers with primary care practitioner (PCP) diagnosis and diagnostic certainty is associated with diagnostic outcome.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsEarly Autism Evaluation (EAE) Hub system PCPs referred a consecutive sample of children to this prospective diagnostic study for blinded eye-tracking index test and follow-up expert evaluation from June 7, 2019, to September 23, 2022. Participants included 146 children (aged 14-48 months) consecutively referred by 7 EAE Hubs. Of 154 children enrolled, 146 provided usable data for at least 1 eye-tracking measure.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of a composite eye-tracking (ie, index) test, which was a consolidated measure based on significant eye-tracking indices, compared with reference standard expert clinical autism diagnosis. Secondary outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity of an integrated approach using an index test and PCP diagnosis and certainty.ResultsAmong 146 children (mean [SD] age, 2.6 [0.6] years; 104 [71%] male; 21 [14%] Hispanic or Latine and 96 [66%] non-Latine White; 102 [70%] with a reference standard autism diagnosis), 113 (77%) had concordant autism outcomes between the index (composite biomarker) and reference outcomes, with 77.5% sensitivity (95% CI, 68.4%-84.5%) and 77.3% specificity (95% CI, 63.0%-87.2%). When index diagnosis was based on the combination of a composite biomarker, PCP diagnosis, and diagnostic certainty, outcomes were concordant with reference standard for 114 of 127 cases (90%) with a sensitivity of 90.7% (95% CI, 83.3%-95.0%) and a specificity of 86.7% (95% CI, 70.3%-94.7%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective diagnostic study, a composite eye-tracking biomarker was associated with a best-estimate clinical diagnosis of autism, and an integrated diagnostic model including PCP diagnosis and diagnostic certainty demonstrated improved sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that equipping PCPs with a multimethod diagnostic approach has the potential to substantially improve access to timely, accurate diagnosis in local communities.
Progression mechanism of urban food desert and categorization of high‐risk blocks through the analysis of changes in food intake demand—A case study of Azabu and Takanawa districts of Minato‐ku, Tokyo, where the prices of grocery stores is rising due to redevelopment
Authors: Nakamura Emi , Asami Yasushi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe analyzed the mechanism of urban food desert expansion based on data at the block level. According to the food demand curve, elasticity was high, and the nutritional food dietary decreased as store prices increased. The store prices within 500 m of the redevelopment site would tend to increase because luxury supermarkets would dominate, while over 500 m they would often tend to decrease because new non‐luxury supermarkets would compete for opening. There are two types of blocks with a high risk of food desert: A block surrounded by multiple redevelopments or a block whose store price has gone up considerably.
CellMag‐CARWash: A High Throughput Droplet Microfluidic Device for Live Cell Isolation and Single Cell Applications
Authors: Rupp Brittany T. , Cook Claire D. , Purcell Emma A. , Pop Matei , Radomski Abigail E. , Mesyngier Nicolas , Bailey Ryan C. , Nagrath Sunitha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe recent push toward understanding an individual cell's behavior and identifying cellular heterogeneity has created an unmet need for technologies that can probe live cells at the single‐cell level. Cells within a population are known to exhibit heterogeneous responses to environmental cues. These differences can lead to varied cellular states, behavior, and responses to therapeutics. Techniques are needed that are not only capable of processing and analyzing cellular populations at the single cell level, but also have the ability to isolate specific cell populations from a complex sample at high throughputs. The new CellMag‐Coalesce‐Attract‐Resegment Wash (CellMag‐CARWash) system combines positive magnetic selection with droplet microfluidic devices to isolate cells of interest from a mixture with >93% purity and incorporate treatments within individual droplets to observe single cell biological responses. This workflow is shown to be capable of probing the single cell extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion of MCF7 GFP cells. This article reports the first measurement of β‐Estradiol's effect on EV secretion from MCF7 cells at the single cell level. Single cell processing revealed that MCF7 GFP cells possess a heterogeneous response to β‐Estradiol stimulation with a 1.8‐fold increase relative to the control.
Spin‐Coating Deposited SnS2 Thin Film‐Based Memristor for Emulating Synapses
Authors: Feng Jiang , Fan Jiaming , Zhang Zijian , Gao Yu , Xue Song , Cai Gangri , Zhao Jin Shi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D materials have garnered significant attention owing to their substantial potential across various applications, including thin‐film electronics, optoelectronics, and sensor devices, particularly, the synthesis and deposition methods of the 2D materials are crucial. In this study, thin films of tin disulfide (SnS2), a layer‐structured metal dichalcogenide, are deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate through a spin‐coating process to prepare a sandwich‐structured resistive switching (RS) device (ITO/SnS2/ITO) by following magnetron sputtering of ITO as top electrode. Notably, the solution‐phased spin‐coating deposition method provides an efficient approach to enhance device performance through ion doping. By incorporating calcium ions (Ca2+), the devices exhibit the potential to achieve outstanding resistive switching performance and synapse functionality. With a DC sweep, an on/off resistance ratio exceeding 100 can be sustained without degradation for up to 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the devices exhibit diverse synaptic functions, including short‐term and long‐term plasticity (STP, LTP) in both potentiation and depression processes, spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP), and paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF). The transition in electrical resistance and synaptic function can be attributed to the migration of doped Ca2+ along the grain boundary and interlayer space of layer‐structured SnS2 films.
Multi‐Mode/Signal Biosensors: Electrochemical Integrated Sensing Techniques
Authors: Han Qingzhi , Wang Haimei , Wang John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractElectrochemical (EC) analysis has emerged as a high‐sensitivity, reliable, cost‐effective, and rapidly evolving technique that has garnered significant attention across diverse domains. Furthermore, EC‐based techniques hold great potential for miniaturization and integration. The integration of EC techniques with diverse mode/signal (such as light, magnetic, and thermal signals, etc.) provides unique opportunities for biosensors to acquire more information through a single sensing platform. By coupling multiple signals or processing them logically, the detection accuracy can be further improved, and the probability of false positives or negatives can be minimized. In this review, a thorough analysis of multi‐ mode/signal sensors in the field of EC sensing is conducted, along with their integration with various sensing techniques (e.g., fluorescence, photothermal, colorimetry, microfluidic, etc.). The aim is to delve into the latest advances, potential applications, as well as challenges in multi‐mode/signal biosensors, where the utilization of multiple sensing modalities helps enhance accuracy, sensitivity, and selectivity. This review provides new insight into the synergistic effects of integrating EC sensing with other techniques, aiming to shed light on the near‐future developments in EC‐integrated multi‐mode/signal biosensors.
Water‐Assisted Reprocessing and Shape Programming of Epoxy Vitrimer
Authors: Xu Weiming , Zhou Xiaozhuang , Fang Yuanlai , Xue Juan , Liu Qianwei , Chen Zhidi , Xiong Xinhong , Cui Jiaxi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVitrimers are reprocessing and recycling thermosetting plastics. They possess reconfigurable polymer networks that allow for unlimited transformation in shape in principle. However, current strategies to reshape the vitrimers typically involve heat or light, which often induces undesirable oxidation and decomposition. To address this issue, here a water‐assisted approach is proposed for programming epoxy vitrimers’ shapes. In this design, water molecules are utilized to reversibly dissociate the hydrogen bonds in epoxy vitrimers to enable the polymer segments to move flexibly. The hydrated epoxy vitrimers can then be reprogrammed and retained into different temporary shapes by removing the water. Such samples would be recovered to their original shapes by rehydration, exhibiting water‐induced shape memory property. More than temporary deformation, the permanent figures of the hydrated vitrimers can also be permanently changed at room temperature (rt) or elevated temperatures in the presence of transesterification catalysts. Combing the shape memory and high temperature plasticity or utilizing rt plasticity, sophisticated shapes such as spiral shapes are demonstrated. It is envisioned that this water‐assisted methodology can be useful in programming cross‐linked polymers into diverse 3D structures, which has wide practical applications in soft robots, deployable devices, aerospace materials, etc.
Emerging Role of p‐Block Element in Catalyzing Electrochemical NOx Reduction to Ammonia: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Yin Hanqing , Du Aijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFixing earth‐abundant nitrogen elements into essential compounds is one of the ultimate issues for mankind. Electrochemical nitrogen fixation is regarded as promising to replace the Haber‐Bosch (HB) process at current stage. However, direct fixation of N2 is found skeptical recently due to the stable chemical properties of N2 molecule. In this regard, the more reactive nitrogen oxides (NOx) species came to light as an alternative of nitrogen sources. Since NOx species is one of the most prevalent pollutants in wastewater, it is also desired that NOx reduction can transform these detrimental ingredients into value‐added products such as ammonia. Like other chemical reactions, the performance of electrochemical NOx reduction to ammonia (eNOxRA) has a strong relation with the performance of catalysts. Previously, catalyst design of eNOxRA is dominantly based on transition metals. The role of p‐block elements in eNOxRA is not fully realized until very recent years. In this perspective, the up‐to‐date advances of p‐block‐contained catalysts in eNOxRA are concluded, with the role of p‐block elements specifically classified and discussed. Several strategies are also introduced to delicately investigate the interaction between p‐block elements and NOx species. At the end, some dilemmas and potential opportunities are proposed to achieve a more comprehensive understanding toward developing high‐efficient p‐block electrocatalyst for NOxRA.
Bias‐Switchable Dual‐Mode Organic Photodiodes Enabled by Manipulation of Interface Layers
Authors: Xiao Jianhua , Wu Jiaao , Zhu Fangchen , Ke Jiehao , Liu Qingxia , Wang Yang , Yuan Liu , Tai Huiling , Jiang Yadong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBias‐switchable dual‐mode organic photodiodes (OPDs) that integrate photovoltaic and photomultiplication modes are recently developed and shown prospects in complex light‐intensity applications. Yet, the device physics that focuses on carrier dynamics is still a challenge and needs to be further explored. Herein, dual‐mode OPDs are developed through interface layer manipulation, that is, introducing cathode interface layers (typically, ZnxO:D149) with deep energy levels and abundant bulk defects and an anode interface layer of thermally‐evaporated ZnO (e‐ZnO) with a wide bandgap. Under reverse bias, ZnxO:D149 forms a barrier wall to effectively block external holes and maintain the photovoltaic mode of the OPDs. Under forward bias, the capturing effect of ZnxO:D149 and blocking effect of e‐ZnO help to reduce the dark current; when under illumination, defect traps capture photo‐generated holes, eliminating the barrier traps and promoting unobstructed injection of external carriers to achieve photomultiplication effect. The typical device delivers high specific detectivity (>1012 Jones) and fast response (<40 µs), and exhibits disparate external quantum efficiency in two operating modes, showing promise for simultaneously detecting faint and strong light. This general strategy for preparing dual‐mode OPDs is compatible with CMOS processing technology and meets the miniaturization and integration requirements of next‐generation detection systems.
Phase‐Controlled Synthesis of Large‐Area Trigonal 2D Cr2S3 Thin Films via Ultralow Gas‐Flow Governed Dynamic Transport
Authors: Fan Xiulian , Chen Zhihui , Xu Defeng , Zou Luwei , Ouyang Fangping , Deng Shibin , Wang Xiao , Zhao Jiong , Zhou Yu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs for nonlayered 2D polymorphic materials, especially for Cr‐based chalcogenides, large‐area thin film growth with phase control is considered the most important synthesis challenge for magnetic, electronic, and optoelectronic devices. However, the synthesis methods of large continuous thin films for nonlayered 2D materials are still limited and rarely reported, also for the phase control growth, which is inhibited by isotropic 3D growth and similar Gibbs free energy for different phases. Herein, enhanced mass transport chemical vapor deposition is established to achieve the control synthesis of trigonal Cr2S3 thin films, in which the stable boundary layer supplies the continuous reaction species and tunes the reaction kinetics. The trigonal phase formation is confirmed by atomic structure characterization, optical absorption and piezoelectric measurements, demonstrating unique physical properties different from rhombohedral phase. The trigonal Cr2S3 thin films show obvious layer independent and dissimilar angle‐resolved harmonic generation, indicating the surface broken symmetry that can be understood by the combination of negligible piezoelectric response for bulk. The work presents the large‐area synthesized strategy by the modification of mass transport for nonlayered 2D materials with new phase formation and establishes the surface symmetry breaking dominated SHG mechanism for future nonlinear optical materials.
Ion and Molecular Sieving With Ultrathin Polydopamine Nanomembranes
Authors: Yu Jiyao , Marchesi D'Alvise Tommaso , Harley Iain , Krysztofik Adam , Lieberwirth Ingo , Pula Przemyslaw , Majewski Pawel W. , Graczykowski Bartlomiej , Hunger Johannes , Landfester Katharina , Kuan Seah Ling , Shi Rachel , Synatschke Christopher V. , Weil Tanja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn contrast to biological cell membranes, it is still a major challenge for synthetic membranes to efficiently separate ions and small molecules due to their similar sizes in the sub‐nanometer range. Inspired by biological ion channels with their unique channel wall chemistry that facilitates ion sieving by ion‐channel interactions, the first free‐standing, ultrathin (10–17 nm) nanomembranes composed entirely of polydopamine (PDA) are reported here as ion and molecular sieves. These nanomembranes are obtained via an easily scalable electropolymerization strategy and provide nanochannels with various amine and phenolic hydroxyl groups that offer a favorable chemical environment for ion‐channel electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions. They exhibit remarkable selectivity for monovalent ions over multivalent ions and larger species with K+/Mg2+ of ≈4.2, K+/[Fe(CN)6]3− of ≈10.3, and K+/Rhodamine B of ≈273.0 in a pressure‐driven process, as well as cyclic reversible pH‐responsive gating properties. Infrared spectra reveal hydrogen bond formation between hydrated multivalent ions and PDA, which prevents the transport of multivalent ions and facilitates high selectivity. Chemically rich, free‐standing, and pH‐responsive PDA nanomembranes with specific interaction sites are proposed as customizable high‐performance sieves for a wide range of challenging separation requirements.
Dual‐Mode Hydrogels with Structural and Fluorescent Colors toward Multistage Secure Information Encryption
Authors: Sun Yu , Le Xiaoxia , Shang Hui , Shen Ying , Wu Yue , Liu Qingquan , Théato Partick , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConstructing an anti‐counterfeiting material with non‐interference dual optical modes is an effective way to improve information security. However, it remains challenging to achieve multistage secure information encryption due to the limited stimulus responsiveness and color tunability of the current dual‐mode materials. Herein, a dual‐mode hydrogel with both independently tunable structural and fluorescent colors toward multistage information encryption, is reported. In this hydrogel system, the rigid lamellar structure of poly(dodecylglyceryl itaconate) (pDGI) formed by shear flow‐induced self‐assembly provides the restricted domains wherein monomers undergo polymerization to form a hydrogel network, producing structural color. The introduction of fluorescent monomer 6‐acrylamidopicolinate (6APA) as a complexation site provides the possibility of fluorescent color formation. The hydrogel's angle‐dependent structural color can be controlled by adjusting the crosslinking density and water content. Additionally, the fluorescence color can be modulated by adjusting the ratio of lanthanide ions. Information of dual‐mode can be displayed separately in different channels and synergistically overlayed to read the ultimate message. Thus, a multistage information encryption system based on this hydrogel is devised through the programed decryption process. This strategy holds tremendous potential as a platform for encrypting and safeguarding valuable and authentic information in the field of anti‐counterfeiting.
The Defects Genome of Janus Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Sayyad Mohammed , Kopaczek Jan , Gilardoni Carmem M. , Chen Weiru , Xiong Yihuang , Yang Shize , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kudrawiec Robert , Hautier Geoffroy , Atatüre Mete , Tongay Seth Ariel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D Janus Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted much interest due to their exciting quantum properties arising from their unique two‐faced structure, broken‐mirror symmetry, and consequent colossal polarization field within the monolayer. While efforts are made to achieve high‐quality Janus monolayers, the existing methods rely on highly energetic processes that introduce unwanted grain‐boundary and point defects with still unexplored effects on the material's structural and excitonic properties Through high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM), density functional theory (DFT), and optical spectroscopy measurements; this work introduces the most encountered and energetically stable point defects. It establishes their impact on the material's optical properties. HRSTEM studies show that the most energetically stable point defects are single (VS and VSe) and double chalcogen vacancy (VS −VSe), interstitial defects (Mi), and metal impurities (MW) and establish their structural characteristics. DFT further establishes their formation energies and related localized bands within the forbidden band. Cryogenic excitonic studies on h‐BN‐encapsulated Janus monolayers offer a clear correlation between these structural defects and observed emission features, which closely align with the results of the theory. The overall results introduce the defect genome of Janus TMDs as an essential guideline for assessing their structural quality and device properties.
Photocatalyzed Aerobic Dearomatization of Naphthylamines under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Voronov Aleksandr , Casnati Alessandra , Hoch Matteo , Pancrazzi Francesco , Pio Mazzeo Paolo , Merli Daniele , Maestri Giovanni , Pál Fehér Péter , Stirling András , Capaldo Luca , Della Ca' Nicola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe dearomatization of aromatic substrates via photocatalytic methodologies has gained escalating prominence to access molecular complexity. Although much focus has been put on non‐active arenes, naphthols and N‐based heteroaromatics, arylamines have so far remained in the background. Herein, we report a photocatalytic strategy for the aerobic, dearomative hydroxylation of naphthylamines under visible‐light irradiation. Our investigation highlights singlet oxygen generation as a viable mechanism for aromaticity disruption, mitigating selectivity issues deriving from the direct oxidation of targeted arylamines. Finally, we showcased the synthetic value of the obtained dearomatized products in a late‐stage diversification campaign.
Gut Microbiota‐Derived 3‐Hydroxybutyrate Blocks GPR43‐Mediated IL6 Signaling to Ameliorate Radiation Proctopathy
Authors: Ge Zhenhuang , Chen Chun , Chen Junyi , Jiang Zhou , Chen Lingming , Wei Yingqi , Chen Haiyang , He Lei , Zou Yi , Long Xiaoxuan , Zhan Hongyu , Wang Huaiming , Wang Hui , Lu Yongjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRadiation proctopathy (RP) is a common complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies with high incidence. RP accompanies by microbial dysbiosis. However, how the gut microbiota affects the disease remains unclear. Here, metabolomics reveals that the fecal and serous concentrations of microbiota‐derived 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB) are significantly reduced in RP mice and radiotherapeutic patients. Moreover, the concentration of 3HB is negatively associated with the expression of proinflammatory IL6 that is increased along with the severity of radiation damage. 3HB treatment significantly downregulates IL6 expression and alleviates IL6‐mediated radiation damage. Irradiated cell‐fecal microbiota co‐culture experiments and in vivo assays show that such a radioprotection of 3HB is mediated by GPR43. Microbiome analysis reveals that radiation leads to a distinct bacterial community compared to untreated controls, in which Akkermansia muciniphila is significantly reduced in RP mice and radiotherapeutic patients and is associated with lower 3HB concentration. Gavage of A. muciniphila significantly increases 3HB concentration, downregulates GPR43 and IL6 expression, and ameliorates radiation damage. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the gut microbiota, including A. muciniphila, induce higher concentrations of 3HB to block GPR43‐mediated IL6 signaling, thereby conferring radioprotection. The findings reveal a novel implication of the gut‐immune axis in radiation pathophysiology, with potential therapeutic applications.