bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compression testing to simulate real‐world stresses
Authors: Frank Benjamin , Gilgenbach Michael , Maltenfort Michael 
Published: June 2010

AbstractUnit load testing of boxes reported in the literature typically uses empty boxes to explore the impact and interactions among box configurations, pallet support and other environmental parameters. However, this approach leads to failure in the weakest box in the unitized structure, while in the field, failure almost always occurs in the bottom box, which may or may not be the weakest. We find in this paper that mathematically, numerically and experimentally, forcing box failure to the bottom results in higher test values. While this occurs naturally for boxes in use in the field, it is an interaction which to date has been overlooked by researchers examining box performance in the lab. The impact on box estimation can be on the order of 5% or more, which can be as significant as some of the environmental factors we are working to quantify, and which can have significant cost implications. To improve the assessment used in the industry to account for the impact of a box's ‘in use environment’ on its performance, we need further testing on configurations where the boxes are loaded. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Universal design (UD) principles for flexible packaging and corresponding minimal customer requirement set
Authors: Yiangkamolsing Chana , Bohez Erik L. J. , Bueren Ingo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOther research has established seven UD principles and performance measures for the design and assessment of generic products. The objective of this research is to improve the suitability of UD for flexible packaging. The methodology used here begins by creating customer requirements from UD performance measures and packaging functions from JIS S 0022‐4. The authors propose a correlation matrix to discard uncorrelated, duplicated and irrelevant requirements from the list of requirements. The remaining customer requirements are screened by using the Index of Consistency. Then, experts check and add essential customer requirements. A factor analysis is conducted on the survey data to find the important requirements and eliminate uncorrelated requirements. The number of customer requirements is reduced from 261 to 39 with five principles corresponding to UD. The five principles relevant to UD are (a) convenient, intuitive and simple use; (b) perceptible information; (c) structure and graphic design; (d) easy opening; and (e) equitable use. The benefit of the new five principles is not only the reduction from seven principles to five principles, but also the grouped customer requirements that are easy to use for packaging manufacturers and packaging designers. Customer requirements can be used as performance measures to evaluate the compliance of flexible packaging to UD. Finally, the application of the five principles and 39 customer requirements are demonstrated with case studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiparametric regression models for repeated measures of mortal cohorts with non‐monotone missing outcomes and time‐dependent covariates
Authors: Shardell Michelle , Hicks Gregory E. , Miller Ram R. , Magaziner Jay 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe propose a semiparametric marginal modeling approach for longitudinal analysis of cohorts with data missing due to death and non‐response to estimate regression parameters interpreted as conditioned on being alive. Our proposed method accommodates outcomes and time‐dependent covariates that are missing not at random with non‐monotone missingness patterns via inverse‐probability weighting. Missing covariates are replaced by consistent estimates derived from a simultaneously solved inverse‐probability‐weighted estimating equation. Thus, we utilize data points with the observed outcomes and missing covariates beyond the estimated weights while avoiding numerical methods to integrate over missing covariates. The approach is applied to a cohort of elderly female hip fracture patients to estimate the prevalence of walking disability over time as a function of body composition, inflammation, and age. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of enzymatic modification of soybean protein on the pasting and rheological profile of starch–protein systems
Authors: Ribotta Pablo D. , Rosell Cristina M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractReformulation of traditional food systems to introduce new ingredients may change their structure and perceived texture. Interactions between proteins and starch during processing can markedly influence starch gel network structure and rheological profile. The present work aimed to study the effects of soybean protein and the products of enzymatic modification on the pasting and rheological profile of corn and cassava starch. The behavior of those protein‐enriched gels during storage was also assessed. Soybean protein isolate (SPI) was incubated with endopeptidase (AL) or food grade microbial transglutaminase (TG). Pasting and rheological behavior, water retention capacity, and structure of protein– and hydrolyzed protein–starch gels were analyzed. Protein incorporation increased the viscosity of starch suspension during and after heating. SPI‐modified proteins increased peak viscosity. Only the structural modifications brought by TG on SPI increased the final viscosity during starch pasting and the storage modulus (G′). This modulus (G′) of the gelled systems decreased with the addition of AL‐treated protein isolate. Light and fluorescence microscopy showed that SPI formed a continuous phase, like a network, in the gelled system. Different network structures and rheological properties can be obtained when SPI are modified by protease and TG enzymes, which may be very useful for designing new food products.
Expatriation: Traditional criticisms and international careers: Introducing the special issue
Authors: Bonache Jaime , Brewster Chris , Suutari Vesa , De Saá Petra 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this introduction to our special issue, we will first seek to discuss the extent to which recent expatriation research and literature is still subject to earlier criticisms. Second, we will discuss the future research needs concerning the theme of this special issue, international careers, briefly reviewing the dominating research theme within the international career context (i.e., the career impacts of international assignment) and suggesting some future research areas. After that, we will offer a particularly promising new avenue for future research: the new forms of international work. We will conclude by summarizing the articles for this special issue and illustrate how they fit within this new avenue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of career capital through international assignments and its transferability to new contexts
Authors: Jokinen Tiina 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIndividuals working in a dynamic international operating environment need flexibility and related competencies that can be transferred to different contexts. Understanding the development and transferability of these competencies is therefore important for both individuals and firms. This article examines and contrasts the development of expatriates' career capital during their first two international assignments, and its transferability to new contexts. Based on interviews with Finnish expatriates, the results show that each assignment has different developmental influences and that all types of career capital acquired are transferable, but not equally or in the same way. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alteration in Phantom Pain and Sensation With Visceral Movement
Authors: Sivan Manoj , Stoppard Elizabeth , Kirker Stephen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSome lower limb amputees can present with alteration in phantom pain and sensation with visceral movement (micturition/defaecation). The authors specifically questioned 200 lower limb amputees from 2 amputee rehabilitation centers (150 recent lower limb amputees in the first center and 50 consecutive recent and established lower limb amputees in the second center) for such symptoms. Eight patients from the first center and 5 patients from the second center reported having the phenomenon. In this case series, the authors report the patient‐described symptoms, estimate the prevalence, and discuss the likely pathophysiology of the phenomenon.
A comparison of Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic intraplate magmatic areas in Central Asia and paleomagnetic reconstructions of the anomalous-mantle location
Authors: Kovalenko D.V. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic location of volcanic zones in the Central Asian intraplate volcanic province has been reconstructed. The anomalous-mantle regions related to magmatism in the province changed in shape in the Cretaceous and Cenozoic. In the early Early Cretaceous, the anomalous-mantle regions spanned from 42° to 61° N (about 2000 km in latitude), and their location might have remained unchanged throughout the Cretaceous. Magmatism in the province took place in the lithospheric regions of the Eurasian Plate with a thickness close to or smaller than that of the oceanic lithosphere. Late Mesozoic magmas originated mainly from hydrated mantle sources with isotopic compositions typical of PREMA or EM-II. In the Early Cenozoic (50 Ma), the anomalous mantle was considerably less active than in the Early Cretaceous. Magmatic melts were generated only in two mantle regions: the local South Hangay hotspot and, apparently, the fairly extensive (at least 800 km wide) mantle region north and northeast of it. The entire anomalous mantle spanned from 46° to 59° N (about 1300 km in latitude). Magmas of OIB type originated from slightly hydrated sources with isotopic compositions typical of PREMA or EM-I. In the Miocene, the mantle might have again “ejected” heated decompressed anomalous matter. The ejection led to an outburst of magmatism and expansion of the volcanic province up to 2000 km in latitude. The lithosphere in all the volcanic zones was thin, including the entire Eurasian territory over the South Hangay hotspot.
Molecular and epidemiological analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus otorrhoea: hospital- or community-acquired?
Authors: Nassif R G , Soliman R , Edwards D H , Kara N , Hussain S S M 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectives:(1) To identify newly diagnosed cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ear infection in our local population; (2) to determine the risk factors involved in these patients' clinical courses, and (3) to type the bacterial strains isolated and thus identify whether they were hospital- or community-acquired.Design and setting:Retrospective review of case notes, together with laboratory-based molecular studies in the departments of otolaryngology and medical microbiology in a university teaching hospital in Scotland, UK.Subjects:Over a two-year period, 35 patients were identified with ear swabs positive for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. These cases came from both hospital and community settings.Main outcome measures:(1) Identification of primary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus otorrhoea in patients with no previously documented colonisation; and (2) molecular typing of the strains isolated, using spa technology, to identify whether they were hospital- or community-acquired.Results:Of the 35 positive patients, 27 were previously known carriers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The eight patients with newly diagnosed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus otorrhoea presented initially in the community. All of these patients had had contact with hospital staff (as in-patients or out-patients) in the weeks preceding development of their ear infection. Using the spa technique for molecular typing, we identified hospital-acquired (‘epidemic’) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus type 15 in all eight patients' isolates. All were sensitive to topical gentamicin.Conclusions:In our cohort, hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus type 15 was the commonest cause of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus otorrhoea, despite the fact that these patients all first presented in the community. We believe that contact with hospital staff or health care workers is a risk factor for acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus otorrhoea in the community.
Collimated proton beam generation from ultraintense laser-irradiated hole target
Authors: Yang X.H. , Ma Y.Y. , Shao F.Q. , Xu H. , Yu M.Y. , Gu Y.Q. , Yu T.P. , Yin Y. , Tian C.L. , Kawata S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCollimated proton beams from laser interaction with a slab having a hole on its backside are investigated using particle-in-cell simulation. The hot target electrons driven by the laser expand rapidly into the hole. However, at the hole's corners the electrons are strongly compressed and an intense electron jet is emitted from each corner, tightly followed by the ions. The plasma jets focus and collimate along the axis of the hole and can propagate without divergence within the hole. The effect of the hole diameter on the collimated proton beam is considered.
Focusing of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian laser beams in collisionless magnetoplasma
Authors: Patil S.D. , Takale M.V. , Navare S.T. , Dongare M.B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an investigation of the focusing of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian laser beams in magneto-plasma by considering ponderomotive nonlinearity. The dynamics of the combined effects of nonlinearity and spatial diffraction is presented. To highlight the nature of focusing, plot of beam-width parameter vs. dimensionless distance of propagation has been obtained. The effect of mode index and decentered parameter on the self-focusing of the beams has been discussed.
Who Believes Propaganda? Media Effects during the Anti-Japanese Protests in Beijing
Authors: Stockmann Daniela 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe Chinese media have undergone commercial liberalization during the reform era. Interviews with media practitioners reveal that media reform has brought about three different types of newspapers that differ with respect to their degree of commercial liberalization. Based on a natural experiment during the anti-Japanese protests in Beijing in 2005, this article shows that urban residents found more strongly commercialized newspapers more persuasive than less commercialized newspapers. Provided that the state can enforce press restrictions when needed, commercial liberalization promotes the ability of the state to influence public opinion through the means of the news media.
A Survey Report on Chinese Journalists in China
Authors: Lin Fen 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis report presents a portrait of contemporary liberal Chinese journalists. Compared with the national average ten years ago, a typical journalist in Guangzhou is younger, better-educated and more likely to be female, and less likely to be a Communist Party member. The survey shows that the literati value coexists with both the modern professional and Party journalism value during the current journalistic professionalization. Such coexistence results in a complexity in journalists' attitude and behaviour. Journalists tend to be inactively liberal: possessing liberal attitudes but not engaging themselves in action. The survey also reports evidence on the contingency of journalistic behaviour logic. Professional logic shows its popularity when journalists encounter conflicts involving legal, economic and political concerns, but not in cases involving moral or cultural conflicts. Neither professional nor commercial logic is strong enough to oppose political logic when journalists are handling severe political issues.
Interdependence of episodic and semantic memory: Evidence from neuropsychology
Authors: GREENBERG DANIEL L. , VERFAELLIE MIEKE 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTulving’s (1972) theory of memory draws a distinction between general knowledge (semantic memory) and memory for events (episodic memory). Neuropsychological studies have generally examined each type of memory in isolation, but theorists have long argued that these two forms of memory are interdependent. Here we review several lines of neuropsychological research that have explored the interdependence of episodic and semantic memory. The studies show that these forms of memory can affect each other both at encoding and at retrieval. We suggest that theories of memory should be revised to account for all of the interdependencies between episodic and semantic memory; they should also incorporate forms of memory that do not fit neatly into either category. (JINS, 2010, 16, 748–753.)
Women, economy, war
Authors: Nordstrom Carolyn 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPolitical violence amplifies contemporary trends occurring worldwide in the twenty-first century: globalization, an increasing reliance on the informal economy, a shift from twentieth-century manufacturing to resource and labour wildcatting, and the growth of complex international extra-legal trade networks. Women are central to all of these, though their roles both as leaders of development and victims of violence are often overlooked in mainstream analyses. To explain these invisibilities, this article introduces the concept of vanishing points – places where formal analyses and policy effectively cease, such as the dividing lines between formal and informal economies, and the violence associated with controlling extra-legal profits that is effectively invisible to the public at large. The realities of women's work amid political violence and postwar development, and across the spectrum of in/formality are explored. The conclusions serve to challenge established notions of power, profit, and economy, and the role of gender within these.
Role of calpain in the regulation of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) turnover
Authors: Averna Monica , Stifanese Roberto , Grosso Raffaella , Pedrazzi Marco , De Tullio Roberta , Salamino Franca , Pontremoli Sandro , Melloni Edon 
Published: June 2010

The level of the mature native 170 kDa form of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) at the plasma membrane is under the control of a selective proteolysis catalysed by calpain. The product of this limited digestion, consisting of discrete fragments still associated by strong interactions, is removed from the plasma membrane and internalized in vesicles and subject to an additional degradation. This process can be monitored by visualizing the accumulation of a 100 kDa fragment in a proliferating human leukaemic T-cell line and in human circulating lymphocytes. In reconstructed systems, and in intact cells, the conversion of native CFTR into the 100 kDa fragment linearly correlated with calpain activation and was prevented by addition of synthetic calpain inhibitors. A reduction in Ca2+ influx, by blocking the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor Ca2+ channel, inhibited the conversion of the native 170 kDa fragment into the 100 kDa fragment, whereas an endosome acidification blocker promoted accumulation of the digested 100 kDa CFTR form. An important role in calpain-mediated turnover of CFTR is exerted by HSP90 (heat-shock protein 90), which, via association with the protein channel, modulates the degradative effect of calpain through a selective protection. Taken together these results indicate that CFTR turnover is initiated by calpain activation, which is induced by an increased Ca2+ influx and, following internalization of the cleaved channel protein, and completed by the lysosomal proteases. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the defective functions of ion channels in human pathologies.
Helping with Homework? Homework as a Site of Tension for Parents and Teenagers
Authors: Solomon Yvette , Warin Jo , Lewis Charlie 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe setting of homework is strongly encouraged by the Department for Education and Employment on the assumption that support from parents, once gained, is unproblematic and useful. However, a number of researchers have observed the possibility of a negative impact of homework on families. This article presents interview data from families with teenagers, in which homework was described as a significant site of parent‐teenager tensions. For many parents, homework was invested with the opportunity for reparation for their own scholastic failures or lost opportunities. Others felt that they lacked the competence to help and were disenfranchised by homework demands. Parents' concerns about their children's futures create a climate of pressure to succeed as they support a homework agenda that is not necessarily their own and which they have little power to influence.
Helicobacter pylori and Iron‐deficiency Anemia in Adolescents in Brazil
Authors: Araf Litza Neves , Pereira Carlos Alberto de Bragança , Machado Rodrigo Strehl , Raguza Daniele , Kawakami Elisabete 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTAim:The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency (ID) in adolescents attending a public school.Patients and Methods:From March to June 2001, a cross‐sectional study was conducted among adolescents (10–16 years) enrolled in a single public school in São Paulo, Brazil. Of 400 eligible students, 195 agreed to participate, but 1 was excluded due to sickle cell disease. A blood sample was collected from each subject to measure hemoglobin and ferritin. H pylori status was investigated with the 13C‐urea breath test. All of the subjects with either anemia or ID were given iron therapy.Results:H pylori prevalence was 40.7% (79/194), being higher in male subjects (45/90 vs 34/104, P = 0.014). There was no relation between infection and nutritional status. Abnormally low serum ferritin was observed in 12 subjects, half of whom were positive for H pylori (odds ratio [OR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–5.81). The median serum ferritin was 33.6 ng/mL (interquartile range 23.9–50.9) in infected subjects and 35.1 ng/mL (interquartile range 23.7–53.9) in uninfected subjects. Anemia was detected in 2% (4/194) of the students, half of whom were infected (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.1–20.6). The mean hemoglobin value in infected subjects was 13.83 g/dL ± 1.02 versus 14 g/dL ± 1.06 in uninfected subjects.Conclusions:The study was not able to find a relation between H pylori infection and ID or anemia.