bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of body position on the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in spontaneously breathing, conscious dogs in an intensive care unit
Authors: McMillan Matthew W. , Whitaker Katie E. , Hughes Dez , Brodbelt David C. , Boag Amanda K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective –To evaluate the effect of body position on the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide (PaO2, PaCO2), and the efficiency of pulmonary oxygen uptake as estimated by alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference (A‐a difference).Design –Prospective, randomized, crossover study.Setting –University teaching hospital, intensive care unit.Animals –Twenty‐one spontaneously breathing, conscious, canine patients with arterial catheters placed as part of their management strategy.Interventions –Patients were placed randomly into lateral or sternal recumbency. PaO2and PaCO2were measured after 15 minutes in this position. Patients were then repositioned into the opposite position and after 15 minutes the parameters were remeasured.Measurements and Main Results –Results presented as median (interquartile range). PaO2was significantly higher (P=0.001) when patients were positioned in sternal, 91.2 mm Hg (86.0–96.1 mm Hg), compared with lateral recumbency, 86.4 mm Hg (73.9–90.9 mm Hg). The median change was 5.4 mm Hg (1.1–17.9 mm Hg). All 7 dogs with a PaO2<80 mm Hg in lateral recumbency had improved arterial oxygenation in sternal recumbency, median increase 17.4 mm Hg with a range of 3.8–29.7 mm Hg. PaCO2levels when patients were in sternal recumbency, 30.5 mm Hg (27.3–32.7 mm Hg) were not significantly different from those in lateral recumbency, 32.2 mm Hg (28.3–36.0 mm Hg) (P=0.07). The median change was −1.9 mm Hg (−3.6–0.77 mm Hg). A‐a differences were significantly lower (P=0.005) when patients were positioned in sternal recumbency, 21.7 mm Hg (17.3–27.7 mm Hg), compared with lateral recumbency, 24.6 mm Hg (20.4–36.3 mm Hg). The median change was −3.1 mm Hg (−14.6–0.9 mm Hg).Conclusions –PaO2was significantly higher when animals were positioned in sternal recumbency compared with lateral recumbency, predominantly due to improved pulmonary oxygen uptake (decreased A‐a difference) rather than increased alveolar ventilation (decreased PaCO2). Patients with hypoxemia (defined as PaO2<80 mm Hg) in lateral recumbency may benefit from being placed in sternal recumbency. Sternal recumbency is recommended to improve oxygenation in hypoxemic patients.
Insurance Company Employees' Financial Expertise and Practices: Implications on Benefit Participation and Satisfaction
Authors: Power Mark L. , Hira Tahira K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEmployers continue to shift financial decision‐making responsibility for employee benefits to employees. This article examines employees' financial practices, financial expertise, and levels of benefit participation and overall satisfaction. We show that there are significant differences in employees' financial practices and financial expertise based on socio‐demographic characteristics. While levels of benefit satisfaction and employer ranking are high, significant differences in how employees feel toward their employer exist. Employees more highly value traditional benefits than nontraditional benefits, but satisfaction with benefits was high regardless of take‐up rate. We also find that respondents are more knowledgeable over experiential financial concepts than more specific financial concepts like qualifying conditions for a traditional individual retirement account. Employer‐sponsored financial education programs, which increase employee understanding of employer‐provided benefits and their importance to employees' financial well‐being, should improve overall employee satisfaction, loyalty, and productivity.
Perspectives Articles:Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on What Is Affordable Health Care
Authors: Rosenberg Marjorie A. , Johnson, Jr. Paul H. , Duncan Ian G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHealth care expenditures have accounted for increasing proportions of the U.S. gross domestic product, and the rate of growth of health care expenditures has increased over the past two decades. These two measures of assessing whether the level of health care expenditures is affordable may be appropriate in the aggregate for the United States but are not appropriate to assess whether individual stakeholder groups can afford their particular level of spending on health care. Health care is an economic good that differs from other economic goods, as it involves life and death issues, and invokes a call for a moral authority. This article explores definitions of what is affordable health care from the perspective of different stakeholders and suggests that other measures are needed to assess whether or not health care is affordable for stakeholders as one definition is not appropriate for all stakeholders.
Community unionism versus business unionism: The return of the moral economy in trade union studies
Authors: MOLLONA MASSIMILIANO 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIn this article, I discuss different forms of working‐class activism in two steel factories in Sheffield, England, where I conducted fieldwork between 1999 and 2000. Locating the ethnography in the broader context of the U.K.'s financial capitalism, I describe how the models of “community unionism” and “business unionism” were implemented on the two shop floors, affecting the work practices, political strategies, and forms of solidarities of workers. I show, first, how the current financialization of the economy challenges existing labor strategies, leading to new political solidarities and moralities of labor. Second, I use current debates on trade union activism to think anthropologically about class, labor, and the relations between society and the economy under capitalism.
The optimal sacrifice: A study of voluntary death among the Siberian Chukchi
Authors: WILLERSLEV RANE 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIn the Siberian North, “voluntary death,” that is, a person, who—often because of illness and old age—requests to die at the hands of close relatives, has traditionally been explained as a form of suicide resulting from the region's harsh living conditions. In this article, I suggest an alternative interpretation. Drawing on ethnographic data collected among the Chukchi of northern Kamchatka, I argue that voluntary death is effectively a ritual blood sacrifice. In making this argument, I recast long‐standing debates about sacrifice by suggesting that behind the triangular relationship of sacrificer, deity, and victim lies a structure of ideal sacrifice, which is the impossible act of self‐sacrifice. This structure, in turn, makes it possible to conceive of voluntary death as categorically different from suicide—indeed, as a ritual inversion of suicide.
Rhinestone aesthetics and religious essence: Looking Jewish in Paris
Authors: ARKIN KIMBERLY A. 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTI explore the paradoxical construction of race through fashion among the Parisian children and grandchildren of upwardly mobile immigrant North African Jews. Faced with the conflation of North Africanity and inassimilable difference, Sephardi youth escaped some forms of French racism by enacting others. By essentializing and individualizing Jewishness through conspicuous consumption, they made Frenchness possible for “Arab Jews” in ways foreclosed to Arab Muslims. But these same practices also helped fashion and biologize their exclusion from the French nation. Rather than encourage the deconstruction of “modern” identity narratives, Sephardi youth liminality thus encouraged the reessentialization of class, ethnicity, religion, and nation.
The orthodoxization of ritual practice in western Anatolia
Authors: HART KIMBERLY 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTIn rural western Turkey, villagers have replaced male performances of davul (bass drum) and zurna (double‐reed wind instrument) as well as men's dancing with mevluts, special prayer services, and they have replaced women's dances to taped or live electric harmonium music with sohbets, sermons. Villagers are motivated to transform “cultural practices” that appear “backward” from the perspective of state‐based ideologies of cultural progress and that are considered sinful from the perspective of Islamists. I trace their quests for spiritual and secular salvation and how they relate to the construction of a modernist Islamic worldview.
Remembering across the border: Postsocialist nostalgia among Turkish immigrants from Bulgaria
Authors: PARLA AYSE 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACT“Postsocialist nostalgia” among Turkish immigrant women from Bulgaria is not just strategic performance to negotiate the challenges that face working women in Turkey but is also cross‐cultural analysis based on the migrants’ experiences of distinct gender regimes on the two sides of the border. I explore why the competition between established residents and newcomers over scarce resources becomes, in this instance, the ground for negotiation over proper gender roles. I also suggest that the migrants’ appeal to the communist legacy posits an alternative to either “normalizing” or “Orwellizing” communism and that it offers a more nuanced understanding of the norms and practices of gender and labor under communism, as experienced by this particular group of minority women.
Electroconvulsive therapy is equally effective in unipolar and bipolar depression
Authors: Bailine S. , Fink M. , Knapp R. , Petrides G. , Husain M. M. , Rasmussen K. , Sampson S. , Mueller M. , McClintock S. M. , Tobias K. G. , Kellner C. H. 
Published: November 2009

Bailine S, Fink M, Knapp R, Petrides G, Husain MM, Rasmussen K, Sampson S, Mueller M, McClintock SM, Tobias KG, Kellner CH. Electroconvulsive therapy is equally effective in unipolar and bipolar depression.Objective:  To determine the relative efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of bipolar (BP) and unipolar (UP) depressive illness and clarify its role in BP depression.Method:  Patients referred for ECT with both UP and BP depressions. [classified by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID‐I) criteria for history of mania] were included in a multi‐site collaborative, double‐masked, randomized controlled trial of three electrode placements – right unilateral, bifrontal or bitemporal – in a permutated block randomization scheme.Results:  Of 220 patients, 170 patients (77.3%) were classified as UP and 50 (22.7%) as BP depression in the intent‐to‐treat sample. The remission and response rates and numbers of ECT for both groups were equivalent.Conclusion:  Both UP and BP depressions remit with ECT. Polarity is not a factor in the response rate. In this sample ECT did not precipitate mania in depressed patients. Treatment algorithms for UP and BP depression warrant re‐evaluation.
Impact of substance use on the physical health of patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Garcia‐Portilla M. P. , Saiz P. A. , Benabarre A. , Florez G. , Bascaran M. T. , Díaz E. M. , Bousoño M. , Bobes J. 
Published: November 2009

Garcia‐Portilla MP, Saiz PA, Benabarre A, Florez G, Bascaran MT, Díaz EM, Bousoño M, Bobes J. Impact of substance use on the physical health of patients with bipolar disorder.Objective:  To describe the impact of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis on metabolic profile and cardiovascular risk in bipolar patients.Method:  Naturalistic, cross‐sectional, multicenter Spanish study. Current use of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis was determined based on patient self‐reports. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2000 and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute criteria, and cardiovascular risk using the Framingham and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation functions.Results:  Mean age was 46.6 years, 49% were male. Substance use: 51% tobacco, 13% alcohol and 12.5% cannabis. Patients who reported consuming any substance were significantly younger and a higher proportion was male. After controlling for confounding factors, tobacco was a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) (unstandardized linear regression coefficient 3.47, 95% confidence interval 1.85–5.10).Conclusion:  Substance use, mainly tobacco, was common in bipolar patients. Tobacco use negatively impacted CHD risk.
Personality disorders improve in patients treated for major depression
Authors: Mulder R. T. , Joyce P. R. , Frampton C. M. A. 
Published: November 2009

Mulder RT, Joyce PR, Frampton CMA. Personality disorders improve in patients treated for major depression.Objective:  To examine the stability of personality disorders and their change in response to the treatment of major depression.Method:  149 depressed out‐patients taking part in a treatment study were systematically assessed for personality disorders at baseline and after 18 months of treatment using the SCID‐II.Results:  Personality disorder diagnoses and symptoms demonstrated low‐to‐moderate stability (overall κ = 0.41). In general, personality disorder diagnoses and symptoms significantly reduced over the 18 months of treatment. There was a trend for the patients who had a better response to treatment to lose more personality disorder symptoms, but even those who never recovered from their depression over the 18 months of treatment lost, on average, nearly three personality disorder symptoms.Conclusion:  Personality disorders are neither particularly stable nor treatment resistant. In depressed out‐patients, personality disorder symptoms in general improve significantly even in patients whose response to their treatment for depressive symptoms is modest or poor.
Applicability of IG/TCR gene rearrangements as targets for minimal residual disease assessment in a population‐based cohort of Swedish childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia diagnosed 2002–2006
Authors: Thörn Ingrid , Forestier Erik , Thuresson Britt , Wasslavik Carina , Malec Maria , Li Aihong , Lindström‐Eriksson Elenor , Botling Johan , Barbany Gisela , Jacobsson Stefan , Olofsson Tor , Porwit Anna , Sundström Christer , Rosenquist Richard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMinimal residual disease (MRD) detection during the early treatment phase has become an important stratification parameter in many childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment protocols. Here, we aimed to address the applicability of rearranged antigen‐receptor genes as potential MRD markers using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ‐PCR) in a Swedish population‐based cohort. From 334 childhood ALL cases diagnosed during 2002–2006, we analysed 279 diagnostic samples (84%) by screening for rearranged immunoglobulin (IG) and T‐cell receptor (TCR) genes. Allele‐specific oligonucleotides were designed, and the sensitivity and quantitative level was determined for each target. Overall, clonal IG/TCR rearrangements were detected in 97% (236/244) of B‐cell precursor ALL (BCP ALL) and 94% (33/35) of T‐ALL. A sensitive RQ‐PCR analysis (≤10−4) was obtained in 89% (216/244) of BCP ALL and in 74% (26/35) of T‐ALL, whereas two sensitive targets were only available in 47% (115/244) of BCP ALL and 29% (10/35) of T‐ALL cases. With the stratification threshold of ≥10−3, which is applied in the current Nordic treatment protocol (NOPHO‐ALL 2008) for the identification of high‐risk patients, 93% of BCP ALL and 86% of T‐ALL reached this quantitative range by at least one target gene. Taken together, this national retrospective study demonstrates that an IG/TCR target for MRD monitoring can be identified in the majority of childhood ALL cases, whereas identification of a second sensitive target gene needs to be improved.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor and Clot Lysis Time in Pregnant Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Relationship with Pregnancy Outcome and Thrombosis
Authors: Martinez‐Zamora Maria Angeles , Tassies Dolors , Carmona Francisco , Espinosa Gerard , Cervera Ricard , Reverter Juan Carlos , Balasch Juan 
Published: November 2009

Problem  Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) pregnancies are associated with thrombotic obstetric complications, despite treatment. This study evaluated Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) levels, TAFI gene polymorphisms and Clot Lysis Time (CLT) in pregnant patients with APS in relation to pregnancy outcome and thrombosis.Method of study  Group 1 consisted of 67 pregnant patients with APS. Group 2 included 66 pregnant patients with uneventful term pregnancies and delivery. Patients were sampled during each trimester and at baseline. TAFI antigen and CLT and two polymorphisms of the TAFI gene, Ala147Thr and +1542C/G, were determined.Results  Significantly prolonged CLT was found at baseline in Group 1. Allele distribution of the TAFI gene polymorphisms was similar in both groups. Basal TAFI and CLT in patients with APS having an adverse or a good obstetrical outcome were similar. Comparison of TAFI and CLT baseline levels in patients with APS with or without previous thrombosis showed no statistical differences.Conclusion  Patients with APS have impairment in fibrinolysis evidenced by prolonged CLT at baseline. TAFI and CLT do not seem to be useful as markers of obstetric outcome or risk of thrombosis in patients with APS.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effect of Maternal Immunopotentiation on Apoptosis‐Associated Molecules Expression in Teratogen‐Treated Embryos
Authors: Savion Shoshana , Aroch Ilan , Mammon Keren , Orenstein Hasida , Fein Amos , Torchinsky Arkady , Toder Vladimir 
Published: November 2009

Problem  Potentiation of the maternal immune system was shown by us to affect the embryonic response to teratogenic insults. In order to understand better the mechanisms underlying that phenomenon, we explored the effect of maternal immunopotentiation by rat splenocytes on the early stages of the embryonic response to cyclophosphamide (CP).Method of study  Immunopotentiated CP‐treated embryos were analysed for cell cycle changes by flow cytometry, while cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by 5′‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) respectively. The expression of the p65 subunit of NF‐κB, IκBα, Bax, bcl‐2 and p53 was assessed by flow cytometry.Results  Exposure to CP resulted in significant growth retardation and in the appearance of cellular damage, a reduction in cell proliferation and the appearance of apoptotic cells, which were all found to be delayed in immunopotentiated embryos. In parallel, CP‐treated embryos demonstrated a reduction in the percentage of p65‐ or IκBα‐positive cells, while the percentage of bcl‐2‐ or p53‐positive cells increased initially and decreased later. Those changes were normalized by maternal immunopotentiation when tested at 24 hrs after exposure to the teratogen.Conclusion  Our data implicate maternal immunopotentiation to protect the embryo against teratogenic insults, possibly through its effect on the expression of p65, bcl‐2 or p53.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages in the Endometrium of the Pregnant Cow
Authors: Oliveira Lilian J. , Hansen Peter J. 
Published: November 2009

Problem Macrophages are recruited in large number to the interplacentomal endometrium of the cow during pregnancy. We evaluated whether endometrial macrophages also accumulate in placentomal regions of endometrium during pregnancy and whether endometrial macrophages are regionally differentiated.Method of study Interplacentomal endometrium and placentomes were subjected to dual‐color immunofluorescence using CD68 as a pan‐macrophage marker.Results CD68+cells were abundant in stroma of the interplacentomal endometrium and caruncular septa of the placentomes. CD68+cells were not present in fetal villi of the placentomes or in the interplacentomal chorion. Regardless of location, the majority of CD68+cells also expressed CD14. In interplacentomal endometrium, CD68+CD11b+cells were present in deeper areas of the stroma but not in shallow endometrial stroma. In caruncular septa of the placentome, CD68+cells were negative for CD11b. CD68+cells in the interplacentomal endometrium were negative for MHC class II while most CD68+cells in caruncular septa were positive for MHC class II.Conclusion CD68+CD14+macrophages present in the stroma of the interplacentomal endometrium and caruncular septa of the placentome are regionally differentiated with regard to expression of CD11b and MHC class II.
Psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder
Authors: Castle David J. , Berk Lesley , Lauder Sue , Berk Michael , Murray Greg 
Published: November 2009

Aim:To provide a selected overview of the literature on psychosocial treatments for bipolar disorderMethod:Selective literature reviewResults:Randomised controlled trials of psychosocial interventions in bipolar disorder fall largely into five categories, namely: psychoeducation, integrated treatments, family based therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal social rhythm therapy. Most studies have shown some benefit in terms of relapse prevention, but have tended to be effective for either the depressed or the manic pole, and not both. Broader outcome parameters such as quality of life have not been reported consistently. The mechanisms whereby treatments might exert their effects have not been clearly delineated. Many studies have excluded patients with bipolar II and other variants, and those with psychiatric and substance use comorbidities, reducing their generalisability.Discussion:Whilst psychosocial treatments show promise in the area of bipolar disorder, more work is required to delineate the effective elements of such interventions, and to ensure generalisability to individuals with bipolar II and other forms of bipolar disorder, as well as those with psychiatric and substance use comorbidities. Other forms of delivery, such as via the internet, deserve further exploration.
Chronic Cortical and Subcortical Pathology with Associated Neurological Deficits Ensuing Experimental Herpes Encephalitis
Authors: Armien Anibal G. , Hu Shuxian , Little Morgan R. , Robinson Nicholas , Lokensgard James R. , Low Walter C. , Cheeran Maxim C‐J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLong‐term neurological sequela is common among herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) survivors. Animal models for HSE are used to investigate mechanisms of acute disease, but little has been done to model chronic manifestations of HSE. The current study presents a detailed, systematic analysis of chronic neuropathology, including characterization of topography and sequential progression of degenerative lesions and inflammation. Subsequent to intranasal HSV‐1 infection, inflammatory responses that were temporally and spatially distinct persisted in infected cortical and brain stem regions. Neutrophils were present exclusively within the olfactory bulb and brain stem regions during the acute phase of infection, while the chronic inflammation was marked by plasma cells, lymphocytes and activated microglia. The chronic lymphocytic infiltrate, cytokine production, and activated microglia were associated with the loss of cortical neuropile in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. Animals surviving the acute infection showed a spectrum of chronic lesions from decreased brain volume, neuronal loss, activated astrocytes, and glial scar formation to severe atrophy and cavitations of the cortex. These lesions were also associated with severe spatial memory deficits in surviving animals. Taken together, this model can be utilized to further investigate the mechanisms of neurological defects that follow in the wake of HSE.