bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon nanotube composites covalently integrated through in situ radical polymerization
Authors: Cui Liqiang , Tarte Naresh H. , Woo Seong Ihl 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) composites were synthesized by the grafting of PMMA onto the sidewalls of SWNTs via in situ radical polymerization. The free‐radical initiators were covalently attached to the SWNTs by a well‐known esterification method and confirmed by means of thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to image the PMMA–SWNT composites; these images showed the presence of polymer layers on the surfaces of debundled, individual nanotubes. The PMMA–SWNT composites exhibited better solubility in chloroform than the solution‐blended composite materials. On the other hand, compared to the neat PMMA, the PMMA–SWNT nanocomposites displayed a glass‐transition temperature up to 6.0°C higher and a maximum thermal decomposition temperature up to 56.6°C higher. The unique properties of the nanocomposites resulted from the strong interactions between the SWNTs and the PMMA chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Reactive dyeing of cationized cotton: Effects on the dyeing yield and the fastness properties
Authors: Tutak Mustafa , Oktay Özdemir Agah 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe cationization of cotton fibers is emerging as an effective tool for solving the environmental problems associated with the dyeing of cotton fabrics with anionic dyes. In this study, the dyeing performance of cationizing agents (Rucomor Bur, Kemifix REA, Optifix F, and Optifix RSL) were examined, and we found that this method had better results compared with normal or existing methods of reactive dyeing. The dye‐bath exhaustion and fixation were determined by the help of an ultraviolet–visible absorbance spectrophotometer on the basis of the maximum absorbance wavelength. Better fixation values were found with the cationizing process than with salty dyeing. The washing and rubbing fastness results were as the same as those of traditional dyeing. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Development and characterization of novel modified red mud nanocomposites based on poly(hydroxy ether) of bisphenol A
Authors: Bhat A. H. , Abdul Khalil H. P. S. , Bhat Irshad‐ul‐Haq , Banthia A. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study dealt with the use of various quantities of modified red mud as a nanofiller in a poly(hydroxy ether) of bisphenol A (Phe) based matrix. Phe‐based polymer nanocomposites reinforced with acidically and organically modified layered red mud were prepared by a conventional solvent‐casting technique. The best dispersion occurred in the polymer nanocomposites where the interactions between the functional groups of the polymer matrix and those of the organic substitution of the red mud appeared to be the highest. The particle size of the modified red mud was determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The as‐synthesized composite films were typically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The dispersion of the modified fillers within the matrix was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The thermal properties measured by thermogravimetric analysis showed enhanced thermal stability of a series of composite materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Polyaniline–polypropylene melt‐spun fiber filaments: The collaborative effects of blending conditions and fiber draw ratios on the electrical properties of fiber filaments
Authors: Soroudi Azadeh , Skrifvars Mikael , Liu Hewen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA melt‐processable polyaniline complex was blended with polypropylene under different mixing conditions and melt‐spun into fiber filaments under different draw ratios. The conductivity, electrical resistance at different voltages, and morphological characteristics of the prepared fibers were investigated. The morphology of this two‐phase blend was demonstrated to have a large effect on the conductivity level and the linearity of the resistance–voltage relationship of the blend fibers. Two factors had substantial effects on the morphology and electrical properties of the fibers. They were the size of the initial dispersed conductive phase, which depended on the melt blending conditions, and the stress applied to orient this phase to a fibril‐like morphology, which was controlled by the draw ratio of the fiber. The two factors were shown to be associated with each other to maintain an appropriate balance of fibril formation and breakage and to create continuous conductive pathways. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Thermal oxidation‐induced long chain branching and its effect on phase separation kinetics of a polyethylene blend
Authors: Niu Yan‐Hua , Wang Zhi‐Gang , Duan Xiao‐Li , Shao Wei , Wang Du‐Jin , Qiu Jie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThermal oxidation‐induced long chain branching (LCB) during the molding processes for polyolefin copolymer poly(ethylene‐co‐butene) (PEB) and its blend with another polyolefin copolymer poly(ethylene‐co‐hexene) (PEH/PEB 50/50 blend, denoted as H50) was investigated mainly by rheological measurements. LCB with different levels could be introduced on PEB backbones by changing the molding temperature and/or molding time, which could be sensitively characterized by changes of rheological parameters, that is, storage modulus G′ and complex viscosity η*. Thermal oxidation‐induced LCB of PEB in H50 samples could largely influence the phase separation kinetics. Rheological measurements and phase‐contrast optical microscope observations coherently indicated that thermal oxidation‐induced LCB of PEB more or less retarded the development of phase separation and once it reached a certain level, the reduced chain diffusion even arrested phase separation. The decrease of mass‐averaged molecular mass in H50 with high LCB level was ascribed to the reduced hydrodynamic volume. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Microencapsulation of disperse dye particles with nano film coating through layer by layer technique
Authors: Zandi Mojgan , Hashemi Seyed Ali , Aminayi Payam , Hosseinali Farzad 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThroughout the past ten years, comprehensive understanding of fundamental and applied research has focused on functional coating and specifically on microencapsulaion. In this study, weak polycation poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and strong polyanion poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) were used for fabrication of nano film through layer by layer technique on the surface of disperse dye particles. Then micron‐sized particles were surrounded by poly(urea formaldehyde) using in‐situ polymerization. Chemical structure, surface morphology, and size distribution of these novel microcapsules were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and scanning electronic microscopy. Size and surface morphology of the microcapsules can be optimized by selecting proper weight ratio of urea to formaldehyde and core to shell material type, and amount of surfactant and agitation rate. This technology demonstrated good capability in several applications in textile industry, such as dying fabrics because of saving huge amount of water and showing slow‐release property of dye without using dye assistant agents. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Characterization and caffeine release properties of N‐isopropylacrylamide/hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymer hydrogel synthesized by gamma radiation
Authors: Nizam El‐Din Horia M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractResearch efforts have been devoted to demonstrate that the temperature sensitivity characters of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAAm) can be applied in the field of drug carriers. A copolymer hydrogel of N‐isopropylacrylamide/hydroxypropyl methacrylate (NIPAAm/HPMA) was synthesized by gamma irradiation. The nature of bonding was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, whereas the thermal stability was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The influence of NIPAAm/HPMA composition on the swelling properties in water, at different temperatures and different pH values was studied. The release characters of caffeine drug from NIPAAm/HPMA hydrogels were also investigated. The gel fraction of NIPAAm/HPMA was found to increase slightly by increasing the ratio of HPMA in the initial solution. The IR spectra indicate the formation of copolymer hydrogels, whereas the TGA study showed that the NIPAAm/HPMA copolymer hydrogels displayed higher thermal stability than NIPAAm hydrogel. PNIPAAm hydrogel showed higher swelling in water than NIPAAm/HPMA hydrogels. Based on Fick's law, it was demonstrated that the diffusion of water into NIPAAm/HPMA is controlled. It was found that the main parameters affecting the drug release behavior from the hydrogels are composition and pH. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of filler content, particle size and temperature on thermal diffusivity of polypropylene‐iron silicon composites
Authors: Anhalt M. , Weidenfeller B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe filler fraction, particle size and temperature dependence of thermal diffusivity in polypropylene‐iron silicon composites were examined by laser flash method. Results show that raising the filler content raises the thermal diffusivity of the composite material only slightly. Nevertheless, the higher the filler content the higher the influence of the filler material expressed by a altered course of the thermal diffusivity versus temperature. Measurement values are compared with selected existing mathematical models whereas a model, originally developed for magnetic permeability, by Hashin and Shtrikman shows the best congruence. Further measurements show that the particle size of the filler does not have an influence on the composite's thermal diffusivity at the examined filler content. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Fabrication and properties of high performance PEEK/Si3N4 nanocomposites
Authors: Balaji V. , Tiwari A. N. , Goyal R. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe crystallization, morphology, microhardness, scratch hardness, dynamic modulus, and wear behavior of high performance poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (PEEK) matrix nanocomposites reinforced with 0 to 30 wt % silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanoparticles were reported. The crystallinity of PEEK nanocomposites increases at 2.5 wt % Si3N4 but, thereafter it decreases with increasing Si3N4 content due to the hindrance to the ordering of PEEK chains. The crystallization peak temperature and crystallization onset temperature increases by 14°C for 10 wt % nanocomposite. The melting temperature does not vary significantly with Si3N4 content. SEM shows almost uniform distribution of Si3N4 in the PEEK matrix. The Vickers microhardness and scratch hardness increases significantly up to 10 wt % Si3N4 content.The dynamic modulus of nanocomposites increases below and above Tg of PEEK. The specific wear rate of nanocomposites with 2.5 wt % Si3N4 is reduced significantly and it is lowest at 10 wt % Si3N4. However, the coefficient of friction of nanocomposites is more than that of pure PEEK. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of new fluorinated aromatic polyesters containing trifluoromethylphenoxy pendant groups
Authors: Huang Zhen‐Zhong , Pei Xue‐Liang , Wu Ting , Sheng Shou‐Ri , Lin Shu‐Ying , Song Cai‐Sheng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA series of novel fluorinated aromatic polyesters containing trifluoromethylphenoxy pendant groups was synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of 2‐(4‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)terephthalyl chloride with various bisphenols in dichloromethane. The polyesters obtained in good yields had weight‐average molecular weights of 70,600–29,800 g/mol, polydispersities of 1.81–2.08, and were all amorphous. All polyesters were easily soluble in organic solvents such as N,N‐dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, o‐chlorophenol, pyridine, and dichloromethane. These fluorinated polyesters showed glass transition temperature of 133–210°C, and good thermal stability with almost no weight loss up to 378°C, the 10% weight loss temperature of 472–523°C as well as char yield of 32–63% at 600°C in nitrogen. These polyester films cast from chloroform solutions exhibited tensile strengths ranging from 102 to 126 MPa, elongation at break from 6.3% to 11.7%, and tensile moduli from 2.1 to 3.3 GPa. The resulting polyester films also displayed low dielectric constants between 2.18 and 2.49 (1 MHz), high transparency with an ultraviolet‐visible absorption cut‐off wavelengths in the 332–355 nm range, and excellent electric strengths (50.4–65.6 kV/mm) and volume resistivity (2.51–6.03 × 1016 Ω cm). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation and application of sulfonated poly(1‐octene‐co‐styrene)
Authors: Fu Zhisheng , Zhu Liang , Deng Jian , Xu Junting , Wang Qi , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, 1‐octene and styrene was copolymerized by the supported catalyst (TiCl4/ID/MgCl2). Subsequently, by sulfonation reaction, sulfonated poly(1‐octene‐co‐styrene)s which were amphiphilic copolymers were prepared. The copolymerization behavior between 1‐octene and styrene is moderate ideal behavior. Copolymers prepared by this catalyst contain appreciable amounts of both 1‐octene and styrene. Increase in the feed ratio of styrene/1‐octene leads to increase in styrene content in copolymer and decrease in molecular weight. As the polymerization temperature increases, the styrene content in the copolymers increases, however, the molecular weight decreases. Hydrogen is an efficient regulator to lower the molecular weights of poly(1‐octene‐co‐styrene)s. The sulfonation degree of the sulfonated poly(1‐octene‐co‐styrene)s increased as the styrene content in copolymer increased or the molecular weight decreased. Thirty‐six hour is long enough for sulfonation reaction. The sulfonated poly(1‐octene‐co‐styrene)s can be used as effective and durable modifying agent to improve the wettability of polyethylene film and have potential application in emulsified fuels and for the stabilization of dispersions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Strongly Absorbing π–π* States in Heteroleptic Dipyrrin/2,2′‐Bipyridine Ruthenium Complexes: Excited‐State Dynamics from Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: McLean Tracey M. , Cleland Deidre M. , Lind Samuel J. , Gordon Keith C. , Telfer Shane G. , Waterland Mark R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA recently reported new class of ruthenium complexes containing 2,2′‐bipyridine and a dipyrrin ligand in the coordination sphere exhibit both strong metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) and π–π* transitions. Quantitative analysis of the resonance Raman scattering intensities and absorption spectra reveals only weak electronic interactions between these states despite direct coordination of the bipyridyl and dipyrrin ligands to the central ruthenium atom. On the basis of DFT calculations and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT), we propose that the electronic excited states closely resemble “pure” MLCT and π–π* states. Resonance Raman intensity analysis demonstrates that a large amplitude transannular torsional motion provides a mechanism for relaxation on the π–π* excited‐state surface. We assert that this result is generally applicable to a range of dipyrrin complexes such as boron–dipyrrin and metallodipyrrin systems. Despite the large torsional distortion between the phenyl ring and the dipyrromethene plane, π–π* excitation extends out onto the phenyl ring which may have important consequences in solar‐energy‐conversion applications of ruthenium–dipyrrin complexes.
Catalytic effect of ReAu nanoalloy on the Te particle reaction and its application to resonance scattering spectral assay of CA125
Authors: Cai Wei , Liang Aihui , Liu Qingye , Liao Xianjiu , Jiang Zhiliang , Shang Guangyi 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTReAu nanoparticles with a molar ratio of 2:8 Re and Te nanoparticles were prepared by NaBH4 reduction. In HCl medium at 65°C, ultratrace Re, Te and ReAu bimetallic nanoparticles strongly catalyzed the slow reaction between Sn(II) and Te(VI) to form Te particles, which exhibited the strongest resonance scattering (RS) peak at 782 nm. As the amount of nanocatalyst increased, the RS intensity at 782 nm (I782 nm) increased linearly, and the increase in intensity ΔI782 nm was linear to the ReAu, Re and Te concentrations in the ranges 0.07–9.0, 0.01–4.5 and 30–1200 nm, respectively. As a model, a ReAu immunonanoprobe catalytic Te–particle resonance scattering spectral (RSS) method was established for detection of CA125, using ReAu nanoparticle labeling CA125 antibody (CA125Ab) to obtain an immunonanoprobe (ReAuCA125Ab) for CA125. In pH 7.6 citric acid–Na2HPO4 buffer solution, ReAuCA125Ab aggregated nonspecifically. Upon addition of CA125, the immunonanoprobe reacted with it to form ReAuCA125Ab–CA125 dispersive immunocomplex in the solution. After the centrifugation, the supernatant containing the immunocomplex was used to catalyze the reaction of Te(VI)–Sn(II) to produce the Te particles that resulted in the I782 nm increasing. The ΔI782 nm was linear to CA125 concentration (CCA125) in the range 0.1–240 mU/mL. The regression equation, correlation coefficient and detection limit were ΔI782 nm = 1.61 CCA125 + 1.5, 0.9978 and 0.02 mU/mL, respectively. The proposed method was applied to detect CA125 in serum samples, with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A phase 2 trial of single‐agent bevacizumab given in an every‐3‐week schedule for patients with recurrent high‐grade gliomas
Authors: Raizer Jeffrey J. , Grimm Sean , Chamberlain Marc C. , Nicholas M. Kelly , Chandler James P. , Muro Kenji , Dubner Steven , Rademaker Alfred W. , Renfrow Jaclyn , Bredel Markus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors evaluated a 3‐week schedule of bevacizumab in patients with recurrent high‐grade glioma (HGG).METHODS:Patients received bevacizumab 15 mg/kg every 3 weeks and were evaluated every 6 weeks until tumor progression. Tissue correlates were used to quantify tumor content of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR2).RESULTS:Of 61 patients who were treated (35 men and 26 women; median age, 52 years; age range, 21‐78 years), 50 patients had glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and 11 patients had anaplastic glioma (AG). The median number of previous chemotherapies was 2 (range, 1‐5 previous chemotherapies), and 16 patients had received ≥3 previous chemotherapies. The median number of bevacizumab doses was 4 (range, 1‐20 doses), and 45% of patients received >5 doses. The toxicities observed were primarily grade 1 and 2, and the most common were fatigue, hypertension, and headache. One grade 2 intratumoral bleed and 1 bowel perforation were reported. For patients with GBM, the 6‐month progression‐free survival rate was 25%, the median time to tumor progression was 10.8 weeks, and the median overall survival was 25.6 weeks. The best response included a partial response in 15 patients (24.5%) and stable disease in 31 patients (50.8%) patients; radiographic recurrence patterns included increased changes in fluid attenuation inversion recovery (24%) and multifocal recurrence (20%). The median survival after bevacizumab failure was 10 weeks. The ratio of tumor VEGFA/VEGFR2 was increased in patients aged >55 years; an increased VEGFA/VEGFR2 ratio was correlated nonsignificantly with decreased survival (P = .052).CONCLUSIONS:An every‐3‐week schedule of bevacizumab had antitumor activity and was relatively nontoxic for patients with recurrent HGG. The predictive value of VEGFA/VEGFR2 in tumor will require validation in a larger patient cohort. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Phase 1 trial of bortezomib plus R‐CHOP in previously untreated patients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Furman Richard R. , Martin Peter , Ruan Jia , Cheung Ying‐Kuen K. , Vose Julie M. , LaCasce Ann S. , Elstrom Rebecca , Coleman Morton , Leonard John P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Bortezomib has preclinical and clinical in B‐cell lymphomas, both alone and in combination with other agents. A phase 1 evaluation was conducted of bortezomib with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R‐CHOP) in patients with untreated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).METHODS:Twenty patients (16 with DLBCL and 4 with MCL) with a median age of 66 years (range, 29‐84 years) were enrolled. Eleven subjects (55%) had an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level, and 10 patients (50%) had International Prognostic Index scores of 3 to 5. Standard R‐CHOP was administered on a 21‐day cycle for 6 cycles, with 1 of 3 dose levels of bortezomib (0.7 mg/m2 [n = 4 patients], 1.0 mg/m2 [n = 9 patients], or 1.3 mg/m2 [n = 7 patients]) administered on Days 1 and 4 of each cycle.RESULTS:The maximum tolerated dose of bortezomib with R‐CHOP was not reached, and the 1.3‐mg/m2 dose level had acceptable tolerability. A dose‐limiting toxicity (pulmonary) was only observed in 1 patient receiving 1.0 mg/m2 of bortezomib. Neuropathy occurred in 13 patients (65%), but was mostly grade 1 (45%) and reached grade 3 in only 1 patient (all toxicities were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0). Grade 4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 7 patients (35%). Of 19 evaluable patients, all responded, with 18 (95%) cases of complete response/complete response unconfirmed achieved and 1 (5%) partial response reported. At a median follow‐up of 56 months, overall survival at 4 years was 75% and progression‐free survival was 58%.CONCLUSIONS:Bortezomib at a dose of 1.3 mg/m2 twice per cycle can be added to R‐CHOP chemotherapy with acceptable toxicity. Multi‐institutional and cooperative group follow‐up studies of this regimen are currently ongoing. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Investigation of Turbulent Transport and Shear Flows in the Edge of Toroidal Plasmas
Authors: Ramisch M. , Birkenmeier G. , Happel T. , Köhn A. , Mahdizadeh N. , Manz P. , Nold B. , Wilcox R. , Anderson D. T. , Stroth U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntense Langmuir‐probe measurements were carried out in the toroidal low‐temperature plasma of the torsatron TJ‐K in order to investigate the origin and dynamics of intermittent transport events, so‐called blobs, at the transition from closed to open field lines. The statistical properties of the fluctuations at the plasma boundary agree with observations made in fusion edge plasmas. Blobs were found to be generated locally through a change in turbulence drive across the separatrix. The non‐linear spectral energy transfer from small‐scale fluctuations into large‐scale flows was measured with a 128‐probe array. The results point to the transfer being a key loss channel for turbulence energy leading to a reduction in turbulent transport. Earlier observations [M.A. Pedrosa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 215003 (2008)] of enhanced long‐range correlations in the plasma potential through externally induced shear flows in TJ‐II stellarator were verified. The newly measured correlation of zonal vorticity and Reynolds stress at induced flow shear indicates an enhancement of zonal‐flow drive (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)