bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dual anteroposterior approach to the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy
Authors: Kim H. T. , Woo S. H. , Lee J. S. , Cheon S. J. 
Published: June 2009

When the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy is performed through an anterior approach, the ischial and retroacetabular osteotomies and manual fracture of the incompletely osteotomised ischium are conducted with an incomplete view resulting in increased risk and morbidity. We have assessed the dual anteroposterior approach which appears to address this deficiency. We compared the results of the Bernese periacetabular osteotomy performed in 11 patients (13 osteotomies) through a single anterior approach with those in 12 patients (13 osteotomies) in whom the procedure was carried out through a dual anteroposterior approach. The estimated blood loss, the length of anaesthesia, duration of surgery and radiological parameters were measured. The mean operative time and length of anaesthesia were not significantly different in the two groups (p = 0.781 and p = 0.698, respectively). The radiological parameters improved to a similar extent in both groups after the operation but there was significantly less blood loss in the dual osteotomy group (p = 0.034). The dual anteroposterior approach provides a direct view of the retroacetabular and ischial parts of the osteotomy, within a reasonable operating time and with minimal blood loss and gives a satisfactory outcome.
The incidence of physiological radiolucency following Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement and its relationship to outcome
Authors: Gulati A. , Chau R. , Pandit H. G. , Gray H. , Price A. J. , Dodd C. A. F. , Murray D. W. 
Published: June 2009

Narrow, well-defined radiolucent lines commonly observed at the bone-implant interface of unicompartmental knee replacement tibial components have been referred to as physiological radiolucencies. These should be distinguished from pathological radiolucencies, which are poorly defined, wide and progressive, and associated with loosening and infection. We studied the incidence and clinical significance of tibial radiolucent lines in 161 Oxford unicondylar knee replacements five years after surgery. All the radiographs were aligned with fluoroscopic control to obtain views parallel to the tibial tray to reveal the tibial bone-implant interface. We found that 49 knees (30%) had complete, 52 (32%) had partial and 60 (37%) had no radiolucent lines. There was no relationship between the incidence of radiolucent lines and patient factors such as gender, body mass index and activity, or operative factors including the status of the anterior cruciate ligament and residual varus deformity. Nor was any statistical relationship established between the presence of radiolucent lines and clinical outcome, particularly pain, assessed by the Oxford Knee score and the American Knee Society score. We conclude that radiolucent lines are common after Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement but that their aetiology remains unclear. Radiolucent lines were not a source of adverse symptoms or pain. Therefore, when attempting to identify a source of postoperative pain after Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement the presence of a physiological radiolucency should be ignored.
The Morscher Press Fit acetabular component
Authors: Gwynne-Jones D. P. , Garneti N. , Wainwright C. , Matheson J. A. , King R. 
Published: June 2009

We reviewed the results at nine to 13 years of 125 total hip replacements in 113 patients using the monoblock uncemented Morscher press-fit acetabular component. The mean age at the time of operation was 56.9 years (36 to 74). The mean clinical follow-up was 11 years (9.7 to 13.5) and the mean radiological follow-up was 9.4 years (7.7 to 13.1). Three hips were revised, one immediately for instability, one for excessive wear and one for deep infection. No revisions were required for aseptic loosening. A total of eight hips (7.0%) had osteolytic lesions greater than 1 cm, in four around the acetabular component (3.5%). One required bone grafting behind a well-fixed implant. The mean wear rate was 0.11 mm/year (0.06 to 0.78) and was significantly higher in components with a steeper abduction angle. Kaplan-Meier survival curves at 13 years showed survival of 96.8% (95% confidence interval 90.2 to 99.0) for revision for any cause and of 95.7% (95% confidence interval 88.6 to 98.4) for any acetabular re-operation.
The principle of low frictional torque in the Charnley total hip replacement
Authors: Wroblewski B. M. , Siney P. D. , Fleming P. A. 
Published: June 2009

The design of the Charnley total hip replacement follows the principle of low frictional torque. It is based on the largest possible difference between the radius of the femoral head and that of the outer aspect of the acetabular component. The aim is to protect the bone-cement interface by movement taking place at the smaller radius, the articulation. This is achieved in clinical practice by a 22.225 mm diameter head articulating with a 40 mm or 43 mm diameter acetabular component of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. We compared the incidence of aseptic loosening of acetabular components with an outer diameter of 40 mm and 43 mm at comparable depths of penetration with a mean follow-up of 17 years (1 to 40). In cases with no measurable wear none of the acetabular components were loose. With increasing acetabular penetration there was an increased incidence of aseptic loosening which reflected the difference in the external radii, with 1.5% at 1 mm, 8.8% at 2 mm, 9.7% at 3 mm and 9.6% at 4 mm of penetration in favour of the larger 43 mm acetabular component. Our findings support the Charnley principle of low frictional torque. The level of the benefit is in keeping with the predicted values.
Acetabular revision using an anti-protrusion (ilio-ischial) cage and trabecular metal acetabular component for severe acetabular bone loss associated with pelvic discontinuity
Authors: Kosashvili Y. , Backstein D. , Safir O. , Lakstein D. , Gross A. E. 
Published: June 2009

Pelvic discontinuity with associated bone loss is a complex challenge in acetabular revision surgery. Reconstruction using ilio-ischial cages combined with trabecular metal acetabular components and morsellised bone (the component-cage technique) is a relatively new method of treatment. We reviewed a consecutive series of 26 cases of acetabular revision reconstructions in 24 patients with pelvic discontinuity who had been treated by the component-cage technique. The mean follow-up was 44.6 months (24 to 68). Failure was defined as migration of a component of > 5 mm. In 23 hips (88.5%) there was no clinical or radiological evidence of loosening at the last follow-up. The mean Harris hip score improved significantly from 46.6 points (29.5 to 68.5) to 76.6 points (55.5 to 92.0) at two years (p < 0.001). In three hips (11.5%) the construct had migrated at one year after operation. The complications included two dislocations, one infection and one partial palsy of the peroneal nerve. Our findings indicate that treatment of pelvic discontinuity using the component-cage construct is a reliable option.
Hydroxyapatite-ceramic-coated femoral components in young patients followed-up for 16 to 19 years
Authors: Shah N. N. , Edge A. J. , Clark D. W. 
Published: June 2009

In 2004 we described the ten-year prospective results of 38 total hip replacements using the Furlong hydroxyapatite-ceramic-coated femoral component in 35 patients < 50 years old. We have now reviewed the surviving 35 arthroplasties in 33 patients at a mean of 16 years (10.3 to 19.9). The mean age of the surviving patients at the time of operation was 41.3 years (26.0 to 49.0). Of these, eight have undergone revision of their acetabular component for aseptic loosening. None of the femoral components has had revision for aseptic loosening giving a survival rate of 100% at 16 years (95% confidence interval 89% to 100%). The Furlong hydroxyapatite-ceramic-coated femoral component gives excellent long-term survival in young and active patients.
Genetic influences in the progression of tears of the rotator cuff
Authors: Gwilym S. E. , Watkins B. , Cooper C. D. , Harvie P. , Auplish S. , Pollard T. C. B. , Rees J. L. , Carr A. J. 
Published: June 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate genetic influences on the development and progression of tears of the rotator cuff. From a group of siblings of patients with a tear of the rotator cuff and of controls studied five years earlier, we determined the prevalence of tears of the rotator cuff with and without associated symptoms using ultrasound and the Oxford Shoulder Score.In the five years since the previous assessment, three of 62 (4.8%) of the sibling group and one of the 68 (1.5%) controls had undergone shoulder surgery. These subjects were excluded from the follow-up.Full-thickness tears were found in 39 of 62 (62.9%) siblings and in 15 of 68 (22.1%) controls (p = 0.0001). The relative risk of full-thickness tears in siblings as opposed to controls was 2.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75 to 4.64), compared to 2.42 (95% CI 1.77 to 3.31) five years earlier. Full-thickness tears associated with pain were found in 30 of 39 (76.9%) tears in the siblings and in eight of 15 (53.3%) tears in the controls (p = 0.045). The relative risk of pain associated with a full-thickness tear in the siblings as opposed to the controls was 1.44 (95% CI 2.04 to 8.28) (p = 0.045).In the siblings group ten of 62 (16.1%) had progressed in terms of tear size or development compared to one of 68 (1.5%) in the control group which had increased in size.Full-thickness rotator cuff tears in siblings are significantly more likely to progress over a period of five years than in a control population. This implies that genetic factors have a role, not only in the development but also in the progression of full-thickness tears of the rotator cuff.
Severe periprosthetic osteolytic lesions after the Ankle Evolutive System total ankle replacement
Authors: Koivu H. , Kohonen I. , Sipola E. , Alanen K. , Vahlberg T. , Tiusanen H. 
Published: June 2009

Between 2002 and 2008, 130 consecutive ankles were replaced with an hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium-HA-coated Ankle Evolutive System total ankle prosthesis. Plain radiographs were analysed by two independent observers. Osteolytic lesions were classified by their size and location, with cavities > 10 mm in diameter considered to be ‘marked’. CT scanning was undertaken in all patients with marked osteolysis seen on the plain radiographs. Osteolytic lesions were seen on the plain films in 48 (37%) and marked lesions in 27 (21%) ankles. The risk for osteolysis was found to be 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 5.9) times higher with implants with Ti-HA porous coating. Care should be taken with ankle arthroplasty until more is known about the reasons for these severe osteolyses.
Length of stay, mortality, morbidity and delay to surgery in hip fractures
Authors: Lefaivre K. A. , Macadam S. A. , Davidson D. J. , Gandhi R. , Chan H. , Broekhuyse H. M. 
Published: June 2009

Our aim was to determine the effect of delay to surgery on the time to discharge, in-hospital death, the presence of major and minor medical complications and the incidence of pressure sores in patients with a fracture of the hip. All patients admitted to Vancouver General Hospital with this injury between 1998 and 2001 inclusive were identified from our trauma registry. A review of the case notes was performed to determine the delay in time from admission to surgery, age, gender, type of fracture and medical comorbidities. A time-to-event analysis was performed for length of stay. Additionally, a Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the effect of delay to surgery on the length of stay while controlling for other pertinent confounding factors. Using logistical regression we determined the effect of delay to surgery on in-hospital death, medical complications and the presence of pressure sores, while controlling for confounding factors. Delay to surgery (p = 0.0255), comorbidity (p < 0.0001), age (p < 0.0001) and type of fracture (p = 0.0004) were all significant in the Cox proportional hazards model for increased time to discharge. Delay to surgery was not a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality. However, a delay of more than 24 hours was a significant predictor of a minor medical complication (odds ratio (OR) 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 2.22), while a delay of more than 48 hours was associated with an increased risk of a major medical complication (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.34), a minor medical complication (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.38 to 3.72) and of pressure sores (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.40). Patients with a fracture of the hip should have surgery early to lessen the time to acute-care hospital discharge and to minimise the risk of complications.
How Normative Information Shapes Attributions for the Actions of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: McClure John , Abbott Joanne 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMany citizens misunderstand the actions of persons with brain injury, and these misunderstandings hamper rehabilitation. A specific misunderstanding is where people misattribute behaviours resulting from brain injury to the injured person's personality or life stage (e.g., adolescence). The present study examined if this pattern is explained by the Abnormal Conditions Focus model of attribution, which claims that attributions for behaviours reflect whether the behaviours are normal for the person (Consistency) and the culture (Consensus). Scenarios described an adolescent with brain injury performing four undesirable behaviours and then indicated whether the behaviour was normal or not normal for the person prior to injury and normal or not normal for that person's culture. For each of the four behaviours, students (n = 136) rated three attributions: brain injury, personality and adolescent norms. Participants attributed the behaviours more to brain injury and less to personality when the behaviours were not normal for that person than when they were normal for the person. They attributed the behaviours more to adolescence when the behaviours were normal for the person's culture than when they were not normal for the culture. Rehabilitation implications include assessing individuals' premorbid behaviour to enable citizens and less experienced professionals to make more accurate attributions for behaviours and target treatment more effectively.
Application of numerical continuation to compute all solutions of semilinear elliptic equations
Authors: Allgower Eugene , Cruceanu Stefan-Gicu , Tavener Simon 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
We adapt numerical continuation methods to compute all solutions of finite difference discretizations of nonlinear boundary value problems involving the Laplacian in two dimensions. New solutions on finer meshes are obtained from solutions on coarser meshes using a complex homotopy deformation. Two difficulties arise. First, the number of solutions typically grows with the number of mesh points and some form of filtering becomes necessary. Secondly, bifurcations may occur along homotopy paths of solutions and efficient methods to swap branches are developed when the mappings are analytic. For polynomial nonlinearities we generalize an earlier strategy for finding all solutions of two-point boundary value problems in one dimension and then introduce exclusion algorithms to extend the method to general nonlinearities.
Unstable minimal surfaces of annulus type in manifolds
Authors: Kim Hwajeong 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Unstable minimal surfaces are the unstable stationary points of the Dirichlet integral. In order to obtain unstable solutions, the method of the gradient flow together with the minimax-principle is generally used, an application of which was presented in [Struwe, J. Reine Angew. Math. 349: 1–23, 1984] for minimal surfaces in Euclidean space. We extend this theory to obtain unstable minimal surfaces in Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we consider minimal surfaces of annulus type.
Constructing simplicial branched covers
Authors: Witte Nikolaus 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Izmestiev and Joswig described how to obtain a simplicial covering space (the partial unfolding) of a given simplicial complex, thus obtaining a simplicial branched cover [Adv. Geom. 3:191–255, 2003]. We present a large class of branched covers which can be constructed via the partial unfolding. In particular, for d ≤ 4 every closed oriented PL d-manifold is the partial unfolding of some polytopal d-sphere.
Tangential connection
Authors: Mella Massimiliano 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Let X ⊂ be a smooth variety. The embedding in gives naturally rise to the notion of embedded tangent spaces. That is the locus spanned by tangent lines to a point x ∈ X. Generally the embedded tangent space intersects the variety X only at the point x. In this paper I am interested in those X for which this intersection, for x ∈ X general, is a positive dimensional subvariety. The results of this paper support the conjecture that these varieties are built out of some special varieties.
Review of Multiaxis Fatigue Testing for Fatigue/Durability of Cardiovascular Medical Devices
Authors: Anderson Scott 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The use of nitinol stents in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) is becoming commonplace. The SFA is a tortuous biomechanical environment that has challenged the durability of these devices. A thorough understanding of the biomechanical loading environment is necessary to design and evaluate new stents. This paper reports recent methods for use of bench testing as a tool to predict fatigue fracture of stents for complex multimode duty cycles.
Overview of Pearlitic Rail Steel: Accelerated Cooling, Quenching, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Sahay Satyam S. , Mohapatra Goutam , Totten George E. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Railway networks form an integral part of the infrastructure development of a developing country with ever-increasing passenger and freight volume. Increase in train speed, pay load, reliability, and safety are the major thrust areas for railways requiring more stringent mechanical properties such as wear, deformation resistance, and fatigue life from the railway steel. Steel chemistry control and thermomechanical processing significantly affect final properties and performance of the railway steel. For example, for a given steel composition, a number of stable or metastable microstructures can be obtained by controlling heat treatment operations. Conventional rail steels primarily contain nearly eutectoid pearlitic microstructure, which is dependent on the criticality of the application. An overview of the physical metallurgy principles involved during the manufacturing of rail steel will be provided here. The primary focus of this review is thermal processing including quenching and accelerated cooling of the rail steel. In addition, other important aspects relating to design and production of rail steel are discussed, including: impact of steel chemistry on the phase diagram, effect of thermomechanical processing on microstructure, and influence of microstructure or residual stress on mechanical properties.
Water Penetration of Cladding Components—Results from Laboratory Tests on Simulated Sealed Vertical and Horizontal Joints of Wall Cladding
Authors: Lacasse Michael A. , Miyauchi Hiroyuki , Hiemstra J. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Considerable work has focused on the deterioration of jointing compounds used to seal building joints; less emphasis has been placed on understanding the consequences of seal failure, particularly in respect to watertightness. Jointing products are subjected to different climate effects; some induce aging in the sealant that in time leads to deficiencies. Deficiencies may also come about from design faults or improper installation. Water entry at deficiencies may lead to a number of different deteriorating effects on the building fabric that may induce failure of other envelope components or premature failure of the joint sealant. Joints are also subjected to substantial wind driven rain loads, in particular atop multi-story buildings. The approach taken in this study focuses on determining the fault tolerance of joint systems of a simulated wall panel when subjected to watertightness tests that emulate heightened wind-driven rain loads. Vertical and horizontal joints of 20 mm width and sealed with a one-component polyurethane product were subjected to water spray rates ranging between 1.6 and 6 L/(min-m2) and pressures of up to 2 kPa. Faults introduced to the sealed joint and representative of deficiencies through which water could penetrate consisted of cracks of 2 to 16 mm long introduced along the sealant to substrate interface. For specific crack lengths, the crack size related to the degree of joint extension, the extension reaching a maximum of 10 % of joint width. Rates of water entry across the joint were determined for cracks of different lengths and size and the nature of water entry at deficient joints in which cracks were introduced was also examined. Results on vertical joints indicated that water readily enters open cracks in relation to the crack size, quantity of water present at the crack, and pressure across the opening. Water may also penetrate cracks of nonextended “closed” joints.
Assessing and Classifying the Fire-Resistance of Industrial Hydraulic Fluids: The Way Ahead?
Authors: Phillips W. D. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The combustion behavior of hydraulic fluids can vary significantly but many types are currently labeled as “fire-resistant.” This lack of discrimination cannot only be confusing to the user, but may result in incorrect fluid selection with potentially dangerous consequences. The paper therefore suggests an alternative way of classifying 'fire resistant' fluids. However, for acceptance, the methods used to measure “fire resistance” have to be agreed. The paper therefore examines the principal methods in current use for determining this property and proposes a test regime to help define the levels of performance.
Placental and Embryonic Growth Restriction in Mice With Reduced Function Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Alleles
Authors: Dackor Jennifer , Caron Kathleen M , Threadgill David W 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Embryos lacking an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exhibit strain-specific defects in placental development that can result in mid-gestational embryonic lethality. To determine the level of EGFR signaling required for normal placental development, we characterized congenic strains homozygous for the hypomorphic Egfrwa2 allele or heterozygous for the antimorphic EgfrWa5 allele. Egfrwa2 homozygous embryos and placentas exhibit strain-dependent growth restriction at 15.5 days post-coitus while EgfrWa5 heterozygous placentas are only slightly reduced in size with no effect on embryonic growth. Egfrwa2 homozygous placentas have a reduced spongiotrophoblast layer in some strains, while spongiotrophoblasts and glycogen cells are almost completely absent in others. Our results demonstrate that more EGFR signaling occurs in EgfrWa5 heterozygotes than in Egfrwa2 homozygotes and suggest that Egfrwa2 homozygous embryos model EGFR-mediated intrauterine growth restriction in humans. We also consistently observed differences between strains in wild-type placenta and embryo size as well as in the cellular composition and expression of trophoblast cell subtype markers and propose that differential expression in the placenta of Glut3, a glucose transporter essential for normal embryonic growth, may contribute to strain-dependent differences in intrauterine growth restriction caused by reduced EGFR activity.