bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological subgroups of adolescents with conduct disorder
Authors: NÄRHI VESA , LEHTO‐SALO PIRKKO , AHONEN TIMO , MARTTUNEN MAURI 
Published: January 2010

Närhi, V., Lehto‐Salo, P., Ahonen, T. & Marttunen, M. (2010). Neuropsychological subgroups of adolescents with conduct disorder. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 51, 278–284.In group‐level studies adolescents with conduct disorder (CD) have been found to have deficiencies in verbal and executive functions. Teichner and Golden (2000) addressed the neuropsychological heterogeneity of CD, and hypothesized the existence of six neuropsychologically different subgroups. We used that theoretical basis to identify subgroups among 77 adolescents with CD and 48 controls. Among subjects with CD we identified subjects with no, diffuse, verbal and executive function deficits, but none with specific memory or visuo‐spatial deficits. In total, neuropsychological deficits altogether were more common among subjects with CD relative to controls, as were specific verbal deficits. Subgroups did not differ in gender distribution, comorbidity of psychiatric disorders, type or severity of CD, or number of psychosocial risk factors. Among subjects with CD, learning disabilities were common. CD is neuropsychologically a heterogeneous disorder, and neuropsychological deficits should be taken into account in assessing and planning interventions for adolescents with CD.
Skin moisturization by hydrogenated polyisobutene—Quantitative and visual evaluation
Authors: Dayan N. , Sivalenka R. , Chase J. 
Published: January 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci., 60, 15–24 (January/February 2009) SynopsisHydrogenated polyisobutene (HP) is used in topically applied cosmetic/personal care formulations as an emollient that leaves a pleasing skin feel when applied, and rubbed in after application. This effect, although distinguishable to the user, is difficult to define and quantify. Recognizing that some of the physical properties of HP such as film formation and wear resistance may contribute, in certain mechanisms, to skin moisturization, we designed a short‐term pilot study to follow changes in skin moisturization. HP’s incorporation into an o/w emulsion at 8% yielded increased viscosity and reduced emulsion droplet size as compared to the emollient ester CCT (capric/caprylic triglyceride) or a control formulation. Quantitative data indicate that application of the o/w emulsion formulation containing either HP or CCT significantly elevated skin moisture content and thus reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL) by a maximal ∼33% against the control formulation within 3 h and maintained this up to 6 h. Visual observation of skin treated with the HP‐containing formulation showed fine texture and clear contrast as compared to the control or the CCT formulation, confirming this effect. As a result of increased hydration, skin conductivity, as measured in terms of corneometer values, was also elevated significantly by about tenfold as early as 20 min after HP or CCT application and was maintained throughout the test period. Throughout the test period the HP formulation was 5–10% more effective than the CCT formulation both in reduction of TEWL as well as in increased skin conductivity. Thus, compared to the emollient ester (CCT), HP showed a unique capability for long‐lasting effect in retaining moisture and improving skin texture.
Deposition of 18‐MEA onto alkaline‐color‐treated weathered hair to form a persistent hydrophobicity
Authors: Tanamachi H. , Inoue S. , Tanji N. , Tsujimura H. , Oguri M. , Ishita M. , Tokunaga S. , Sazanami F. 
Published: January 2010

J. Cosmet. Sci., 60, 31–44 (January/February 2009) SynopsisA technology for the deposition of a persistent hydrophobicity to alkaline‐color‐treated weathered hair surfaces using 18‐MEA (18‐methyleicosanoic acid) is presented. Two approaches were examined in order to make 18‐MEA bind tightly to the alkaline‐color‐treated weathered hair surface. One was to apply 18‐MEA as an acid form and the other was to apply 18‐MEA as a salt or complex. It was found that the combination of 18‐MEA with specific cationic surfactants [stearoxypropyldimethylamine (SPDA) and docosyldimethylamine (DSDA)] makes the alkaline‐color‐treated weathered hair surface hydrophobic and that its hydrophobicity is maintained even after shampooing. Characterization of adsorbed layers of 18‐MEA/SPDA on a mica surface, as a possible hydrophilic surface model, was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AR‐XPS). The results revealed that 18‐MEA/SPDA formed a layer with high wear resistance, with an alkyl chain, the hydrophobic moiety, oriented at an angle of around 25° to the air interface.
The COLIPA in vitro UVA method: a standard and reproducible measure of sunscreen UVA protection
Authors: Matts P. J. , Alard V. , Brown M. W. , Ferrero L. , Gers‐Barlag H. , Issachar N. , Moyal D. , Wolber R. 
Published: January 2010

SynopsisThere is a continuing need to measure and communicate reliably the UVA protection offered by commercial sunscreens. To that end, the COLIPA (European Cosmetics Trade Association) ‘In Vitro Sun Protection Methods’ group has developed a new in vitro method for measuring UVA protection in a standardized, reproducible manner. The method is based on in vitro UV substrate spectrophotometry and convolution of resulting absorbance data with the action spectrum for the in vivo Persistent Pigment Darkening (PPD) endpoint to provide an in vitro UVA protection factor (UVAPF) which is correlated with an in vivo measure. This method has been published as a COLIPA guideline, used currently in European geographies for testing and labelling sunscreen products.This article summarizes two ‘ring’ studies, involving eight separate testing laboratories, which both defined critical parameters for the method and validated it. In Ring Study 1, eight laboratories tested the in vitro UV transmission of a total of 24 sunscreens and, from the data, a unit dose of UVA (D0 of 1.2 J cm−2) was defined to provide a single irradiation step which, by taking into account potential sunscreen photo‐instability, gave the closest agreement with in vivo UVAPF values. In Ring Study 2, eight laboratories tested the in vitro UV transmission of a total of 13 sunscreens using this single irradiation step and established a very good correlation (r2 = 0.83; slope = 0.84, P < 0.0001) between resulting in vitro UVAPF values and corresponding values derived from the in vivo PPD method. This new method, therefore, can be used to provide a reliable in vitro metric to describe and label UVA efficacy in sunscreen products, in line with the EU Commission recommendation 2006/247/EC.
An approach to improvement of pore conspicuousness caused by epidermal structure on cheek
Authors: Nishijima T. 
Published: January 2010

Conspicuous facial pores are one of the more serious aesthetic defects of concern to most women. However, the mechanism that causes the conspicuousness of facial pores remains unclear. We observed the epidermal structure around the conspicuous pores on cheeks in vivo using a confocal microscope in detail, and found that there were peculiar epidermal structures around the conspicuous facial pores. These epidermal structures were characterized by a thick epidermis, which reached the deep dermis, and elongated dermal papillae. As the shape and the size of these epidermal structures at more than one hundred micrometers below the surface were similar to those of the surface hollow area around the conspicuous pores, we thought that this epidermal structure was one cause for facial pore conspicuousness on cheeks. To improve these epidermal structures through contraction of keratinocytes, we developed l‐isostearylglycerol‐3‐phosphate, which promoted the gel contractile ability of keratinocytes and suppressed the keratinocytes’ growth in vitro. The treatment of lotion containing l‐isostearylglycerol‐3‐phosphate could alter the epidermal structures and decrease the hollow area around the conspicuous facial pores.Key words:  pores, conspicuousness, hollow, epidermis, structure, dermal papillae, keratinocytes, contraction, follicle, cheek.
Style and non‐style in anatomical illustration: From Renaissance Humanism to Henry Gray
Authors: Kemp Martin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStyle is a familiar category for the analysis of art. It is less so in the history of anatomical illustration. The great Renaissance and Baroque picture books of anatomy illustrated with stylish woodcuts and engravings, such as those by Charles Estienne, Andreas Vesalius and Govard Bidloo, showed figures in dramatic action in keeping with philosophical and theological ideas about human nature. Parallels can be found in paintings of the period, such as those by Titian, Michelangelo and Hans Baldung Grien. The anatomists also claimed to portray the body in an objective manner, and showed themselves as heroes of the discovery of human knowledge. Rembrandt’s painting of Dr Nicholas Tulp is the best‐known image of the anatomist as hero. The British empirical tradition in the 18th century saw William Cheselden and William Hunter working with techniques of representation that were intended to guarantee detailed realism. The ambition to portray forms life‐size led to massive volumes, such as those by Antonio Mascagni. John Bell, the Scottish anatomist, criticized the size and pretensions of the earlier books and argued for a plain style adapted to the needs of teaching and surgery. Henry Gray’s famous Anatomy of 1858, illustrated by Henry Vandyke Carter, aspired to a simple descriptive mode of functional representation that avoided stylishness, resulting in a style of its own. Successive editions of Gray progressively saw the replacement of Gray’s method and of all his illustrations. The 150th anniversary edition, edited by Susan Standring, radically re‐thinks the role of Gray’s book within the teaching of medicine.
Facial reconstruction – anatomical art or artistic anatomy?
Authors: Wilkinson Caroline 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFacial reconstruction is employed in the context of forensic investigation and for creating three‐dimensional portraits of people from the past, from ancient Egyptian mummies and bog bodies to digital animations of J. S. Bach. This paper considers a facial reconstruction method (commonly known as the Manchester method) associated with the depiction and identification of the deceased from skeletal remains. Issues of artistic licence and scientific rigour, in relation to soft tissue reconstruction, anatomical variation and skeletal assessment, are discussed. The need for artistic interpretation is greatest where only skeletal material is available, particularly for the morphology of the ears and mouth, and with the skin for an ageing adult. The greatest accuracy is possible when information is available from preserved soft tissue, from a portrait, or from a pathological condition or healed injury.
Women's responses to fashion media images: a study of female consumers aged 30–59
Authors: Kozar Joy M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine whether female consumers ranging in age from 30 to 59 prefer fashion advertising models more closely resembling their age. The sample for this study consisted of 182 women. Stimuli included full‐colored photographs of current fashion models. A questionnaire designed to explore participants' responses to the stimuli included scales measuring participants' beliefs about the stimulus models' appearances and attractiveness, participants' purchase intentions and perceived similarity with the models and participants' perceived fashionability of the model's clothing. Participants rated models appearing older in age significantly higher than younger models on the characteristics related to appearance and attractiveness. Advertisements with older models also had a significant positive relationship to participants' purchase intentions as compared to younger‐age models. Participants who perceived more similarity to the models were found to have more positive beliefs about the model's appearance and attractiveness and the fashionability of the model's clothing. Perceived similarity also had a significant positive relationship to participants' purchase intentions. As a result of this study, findings suggest that marketers and retailers should consider the age of the model used in their promotional materials. Specifically, it is possible that female consumers either transitioning into, or currently in, the middle adulthood life stages may have a preference for fashion models more closely resembling their age group.
Antipsychotic‐induced gene regulation in multiple brain regions
Authors: Girgenti Matthew James , Nisenbaum Laura K. , Bymaster Franklin , Terwilliger Rosemarie , Duman Ronald S , Newton Samuel Sathyanesan 
Published: January 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 10.1111/j.1471‐4159.2010.06585.xAbstractThe molecular mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs is not well understood. Their complex receptor affinity profiles indicate that their action could extend beyond dopamine receptor blockade. Single gene expression studies and high‐throughput gene profiling have shown the induction of genes from several molecular classes and functional categories. Using a focused microarray approach, we investigated gene regulation in rat striatum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus after chronic administration of haloperidol or olanzapine. Regulated genes were validated by in situ hybridization, real‐time PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Only limited overlap was observed in genes regulated by haloperidol and olanzapine. Both drugs elicited maximal gene regulation in the striatum and least in the hippocampus. Striatal gene induction by haloperidol was predominantly in neurotransmitter signaling, G‐protein coupled receptors, and transcription factors. Olanzapine prominently induced retinoic acid and trophic factor signaling genes in the frontal cortex. The data also revealed the induction of several genes that could be targeted in future drug development efforts. The study uncovered the induction of several novel genes, including somatostatin receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors. The results demonstrating the regulation of multiple receptors and transcription factors suggests that both typical and atypical antipsychotics could possess a complex molecular mechanism of action.
Helicobacter pylori Reinfection in Brazilian Patients with Peptic Ulcer Disease: A 5‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Silva Fernando M. , Navarro‐Rodriguez Tomas , Barbuti Ricardo C. , Mattar Rejane , Hashimoto Claudio L. , Eisig Jaime N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground:  The Helicobacter pylori reinfection seems to be higher in developing countries, than in developed ones. The aim of the study was to determine the annual recurrence rate of H. pylori, in Brazilian patients with peptic ulcer disease, in a 5‐year follow‐up.Methods:  Patients, with peptic ulcer disease diagnosed by upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) and H. pylori infection verified by histological analysis, rapid urease test, polymerase chain reaction, and urea breath test (UBT), were treated for bacterial eradication. The cure of the infection was verified using the same tests, 3 months after. Clinical evaluation and UBT were performed after sixth and ninth month. After 1 year of follow‐up, UBT and UDE were repeated. Up to the fifth year, patients were assessed twice a year and an UBT was performed annually. The patients included and all the reinfected were tested for 15 different genes of the H. pylori.Results:  One hundred and forty‐seven patients were followed: 19 for 1 year, eight for 2 years, four for 3 years, five for 4 years, and 98 for 5 years, totaling 557 patients/years. Recurrence did not occur in the first year. In the second year, two patients were reinfected; in the third, four patients; in the fourth, three patients; and in the fifth, one patient. The total of reinfected patients was 10. The annual reinfection rate was 1.8%.Conclusion:  Brazil presents a low prevalence of H. pylori reinfection, similar to the developed countries.
Bismuth‐Containing Quadruple Therapy as Second‐Line Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection: Effect of Treatment Duration and Antibiotic Resistance on the Eradication Rate in Korea
Authors: Lee Byoung Hwan , Kim Nayoung , Hwang Tae Jun , Lee Sang Hyub , Park Young Soo , Hwang Jin‐Hyeok , Kim Jin‐Wook , Jeong Sook‐Hyang , Lee Dong Hoo , Jung Hyun Chae , Song In Sung 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground:  The eradication rate of first‐line Helicobacter pylori treatment is only 70–85% and has been decreasing due to the increase in antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy as second‐line treatment for H. pylori infection based on treatment duration.Methods:  We prospectively enrolled 227 patients that were found to have persistent H. pylori infection after first‐line proton‐pump inhibitor‐clarithromycin‐amoxicillin triple therapy. Patients were randomized to 1‐week (112 patients) and 2‐week (115 patients) quadruple therapy with tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate 300 mg q.i.d., meteronidazole 500 mg t.i.d., and tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d. and esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. The eradication rate, drug compliance, and adverse events were compared based on treatment duration.Results:  The eradication rates were 72/112 (64.3%, 95% CI: 0.504–0.830) and 71/92 (77.2%, 0.440–0.749) with 1‐week group, and 95/115 (82.6%, 1.165–2.449) an 88/94 (93.6%, 1.213–5.113) with 2‐week group by intention‐to‐treat therapy (p = .002) and per‐protocol analysis (p = .001), respectively. The adverse events increased as the treatment durations increased from 7 to 14 days (20.0 and 42.5%, respectively, p < .001). However, there was no significant difference in the patient compliance or the rate of major adverse events between the 1‐ and 2‐week groups (6.3 and 12.5%, respectively, p = .133).Conclusion:  Two‐week bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy was more effective than the 1‐week treatment, and should be considered for second‐line treatment in Korea.
High Level of Antimicrobial Resistance in French Helicobacter pylori Isolates
Authors: Raymond Josette , Lamarque Dominique , Kalach Nicolas , Chaussade Stanislas , Burucoa Christophe 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackground: Helicobacter pylori is a human pathogen responsible for serious diseases including peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The recommended triple therapy included clarithromycin but increasing resistance has undermined its effectiveness. It is therefore important to be aware of the local prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to adjust treatment strategy.Materials and Methods: Overall, 530 biopsies were collected between 2004 and 2007. The antimicrobial susceptibility of H. pylori was determined by E‐test and molecular methods.Results: Among these, 138/530 (26%) strains were resistant to clarithromycin, 324/530 (61%) to metronidazole and 70/530 (13.2%) to ciprofloxacin. Whereas no resistance against amoxicillin and tetracycline was observed, only one strain was resistant to rifampicin. Compared to the patients never treated for H. pylori infection, the prevalence of resistance was significantly higher in patients previously treated (19.1% vs 68% for clarithromycin; 13.2% vs 53.3% for both clarithromycin and metronidazole). The trend analysis revealed an increase of primary resistance to ciprofloxacin between 2004 and 2005 (7.3%) vs 2006–2007 (14.1%) (p = .04) and the secondary resistance reached 22.7% in 2007. Interestingly, 27 biopsies (19.6%) contained a double population of clarithromycin‐susceptible and ‐resistant strains.Conclusions: The reported high prevalence of clarithromycin and multiple resistances of H. pylori suggest that the empiric therapy with clarithromycin should be abandoned as no longer pretreatment susceptibility testing has assessed the susceptibility of the strain. As culture and antibiogram are not routinely performable in most clinical laboratories, the use of molecular test should be developed to allow a wide availability of pretreatment susceptibility testing.
Product Market Competition, Insider Trading, and Stock Market Efficiency
Authors: PERESS JOEL 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTHow does competition in firms' product markets influence their behavior in equity markets? Do product market imperfections spread to equity markets? We examine these questions in a noisy rational expectations model in which firms operate under monopolistic competition while their shares trade in perfectly competitive markets. Firms use their monopoly power to pass on shocks to customers, thereby insulating their profits. This encourages stock trading, expedites the capitalization of private information into stock prices and improves the allocation of capital. Several implications are derived and tested.
Real and Financial Industry Booms and Busts
Authors: HOBERG GERARD , PHILLIPS GORDON 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTWe examine how product market competition affects firm cash flows and stock returns in industry booms and busts. Our results show how real and financial factors interact in industry business cycles. In competitive industries, we find that high industry‐level stock market valuation, investment, and financing are followed by sharply lower operating cash flows and abnormal stock returns. Analyst estimates are positively biased and returns comove more. In concentrated industries these relations are weak and generally insignificant. Our results are consistent with participants in competitive industries not fully internalizing the negative externality of industry competition on cash flows and stock returns.
Global Currency Hedging
Authors: CAMPBELL JOHN Y. , SERFATY‐DE MEDEIROS KARINE , VICEIRA LUIS M. 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTOver the period 1975 to 2005, the U.S. dollar (particularly in relation to the Canadian dollar), the euro, and the Swiss franc (particularly in the second half of the period) moved against world equity markets. Thus, these currencies should be attractive to risk‐minimizing global equity investors despite their low average returns. The risk‐minimizing currency strategy for a global bond investor is close to a full currency hedge, with a modest long position in the U.S. dollar. There is little evidence that risk‐minimizing investors should adjust their currency positions in response to movements in interest differentials.
A Habit‐Based Explanation of the Exchange Rate Risk Premium
Authors: VERDELHAN ADRIEN 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a model that reproduces the uncovered interest rate parity puzzle. Investors have preferences with external habits. Countercyclical risk premia and procyclical real interest rates arise endogenously. During bad times at home, when domestic consumption is close to the habit level, the representative investor is very risk averse. When the domestic investor is more risk averse than her foreign counterpart, the exchange rate is closely tied to domestic consumption growth shocks. The domestic investor therefore expects a positive currency excess return. Because interest rates are low in bad times, expected currency excess returns increase with interest rate differentials.
Do Hot Hands Exist among Hedge Fund Managers? An Empirical Evaluation
Authors: JAGANNATHAN RAVI , MALAKHOV ALEXEY , NOVIKOV DMITRY 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTIn measuring performance persistence, we use hedge fund style benchmarks. This allows us to identify managers with valuable skills, and also to control for option‐like features inherent in returns from hedge fund strategies. We take into account the possibility that reported asset values may be based on stale prices. We develop a statistical model that relates a hedge fund's performance to its decision to liquidate or close in order to infer the performance of a hedge fund that left the database. Although we find significant performance persistence among superior funds, we find little evidence of persistence among inferior funds.