bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Different Contributions of the Alternative and Classical Complement Activation Pathway for the Innate Host Response during Sepsis
Authors: Dahlke Katja , Wrann Christiane D. , Sommerfeld Oliver , Soßdorf Maik , Recknagel Peter , Sachse Svea , Winter Sebastian W. , Klos Andreas , Stahl Gregory L. , Ma Yuanyuan Xu , Claus Ralf A. , Reinhart Konrad , Bauer Michael , Riedemann Niels C. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Complement activation represents a crucial innate defense mechanism to invading microorganisms, but there is an eminent lack of understanding of the separate contribution of the different complement activation pathways to the host response during sepsis. We therefore investigated different innate host immune responses during cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice lacking either the alternative (fD−/−) or classical (C1q−/−) complement activation pathway. Both knockout mice strains showed a significantly reduced survival and increased organ dysfunction when compared with control mice. Surprisingly, fD−/− mice demonstrated a compensated bacterial clearance capacity as control mice at 6 h post CLP, whereas C1q−/− mice were already overwhelmed by bacterial growth at this time point. Interestingly, at 24 h after CLP, fD−/− mice failed to clear bacteria in a way comparable to control mice. However, both knockout mice strains showed compromised C3 cleavage during sepsis. Investigating potential causes for this discrepancy, we were able to demonstrate that despite normal bacterial clearance capacity early during the onset of sepsis, fD−/− mice displayed increased inflammatory cytokine generation and neutrophil recruitment into lungs and blood when compared with both control- and C1q−/− mice, indicating a potential loss of control over these immune responses. Further in vitro experiments revealed a strongly increased Nf-κB activation capacity in isolated neutrophils from fD−/− mice, supporting this hypothesis. Our results provide evidence for the new concept that the alternative complement activation pathway exerts a distinctly different contribution to the innate host response during sepsis when compared with the classical pathway.
Distinct Functions for the Glycans of Tapasin and Heavy Chains in the Assembly of MHC Class I Molecules
Authors: Rizvi Syed Monem , Del Cid Natasha , Lybarger Lonnie , Raghavan Malini 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Complexes of specific assembly factors and generic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones, collectively called the MHC class I peptide-loading complex (PLC), function in the folding and assembly of MHC class I molecules. The glycan-binding chaperone calreticulin (CRT) and partner oxidoreductase ERp57 are important in MHC class I assembly, but the sequence of assembly events and specific interactions involved remain incompletely understood. We show that the recruitments of CRT and ERp57 to the PLC are codependent and also dependent upon the ERp57 binding site and the glycan of the assembly factor tapasin. Furthermore, the ERp57 binding site and the glycan of tapasin enhance β2m and MHC class I heavy (H) chain recruitment to the PLC, with the ERp57 binding site having the dominant effect. In contrast, the conserved MHC class I H chain glycan played a minor role in CRT recruitment into the PLC, but impacted the recruitment of H chains into the PLC, and glycan-deficient H chains were impaired for tapasin-independent and tapasin-assisted assembly. The conserved MHC class I glycan and tapasin facilitated an early step in the assembly of H chain–β2m heterodimers, for which tapasin–ERp57 or tapasin–CRT complexes were not required. Together, these studies provide insights into how PLCs are constructed, demonstrate two distinct mechanisms by which PLCs can be stabilized, and suggest the presence of intermediate H chain-deficient PLCs.
Activation Receptor-Induced Tolerance of Mature NK Cells In Vivo Requires Signaling through the Receptor and Is Reversible
Authors: Bolanos Fred D. , Tripathy Sandeep K. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
NK cell responses are determined by signals received through activating and inhibitory cell surface receptors. Ly49H is an NK cell-specific activating receptor that accounts for the genetic resistance to murine CMV (MCMV). The Ly49H receptor has been shown to interact with two adaptor proteins (DAP12 and DAP10). In the context of MCMV infection, interaction of m157 (the MCMV-encoded ligand for Ly49H) with Ly49H results in activation of Ly49H-expressing NK cells. Chronic exposure of Ly49H with m157, however, induces tolerance in these same cells. The mechanism of this tolerance remains poorly understood. Using a transgenic mouse model, we demonstrate that induction of tolerance in Ly49H+ NK cells by chronic exposure to m157, in vivo, requires signaling through the Ly49H adaptor protein DAP12, but not the DAP10 adaptor protein. Furthermore, mature Ly49H-expressing NK cells from wild-type mice can acquire a tolerant phenotype by 24 h posttransfer into a transgenic C57BL/6 mouse that expresses m157. The tolerant phenotype can be reversed, in vivo, if tolerant NK cells are transferred to mice that do not express the m157 protein. Thus, continuous activating receptor engagement can induce a transient tolerance in mature NK cells in vivo. These observations provide new insight into how activating receptor engagement shapes NK cell function and has important implications in how NK cells respond to tumors and during chronic viral infection.
Corrosion Behavior of Pressure Vessel Steel Exposed to Residual Bubbles After Cavitation Bubble Collapse
Authors: Soyama H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe corrosion potential of pressure vessel steel after exposure to residual bubbles and the open-circuit potential of Pt during cavitation were measured to investigate the corrosion behavior induced by residual bubbles after cavitation bubble collapse (as distinct from erosion caused by cavitation impact). The surfaces of the corrosion specimens were also investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was shown that the residual bubbles shift the potential of a Pt electrode to a more anodic potential and that the oxide layer induced by the residual bubbles is different from that produced by normal water without residual bubbles.
Detecting Critical Crevice Temperature for Duplex Stainless Steels in Chloride Solutions
Authors: Han D. , Jiang Y. , Deng B. , Zhang L. , Gao J. , Tan H. , Li J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A simple and rapid electrochemical method for the evaluation of crevice corrosion in duplex stainless steels (DSS) is described. Three types of DSS—namely, UNS S32101, UNS S31803, and UNS S32750—were tested in 1 mol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Results showed good reproducibility with a typical standard deviation of below 3°C. The critical pitting temperature (CPT) for the same specimens was also investigated in 1 mol/L NaCl solutions. An approximately 20°C decrease from CPT to critical crevice temperature (CCT) was observed and subsequently explained. Then, the morphologies of crevice corrosion were studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) method. The SEM/EDS study revealed that the ferrite phase was the site where preferential dissolution took place at the initiation step of crevice corrosion, which was in accordance with the prediction by calculating the critical crevice index. Moreover, repassivation was detected with the development of crevice corrosion. The reason was clarified by combining the results obtained with a successful diffusion model, and eventually the crevice corrosion progress was illustrated schematically.
Effects of Environmental and Metallurgical Factors on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Carbon Steel in Fuel-Grade Ethanol
Authors: Beavers J.A. , Gui F. , Sridhar N. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a research program to study the effects of metallurgical variables, ethanol-gasoline blends, dissolved oxygen, and inhibitors on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of carbon steel in ethanol. The study utilized both slow strain rate (SSR) and fatigue precracked compact tension (CT) tests to characterize the effect of metallurgical and environmental variables on SCC. Metallurgical factors, including steel grade within a range of pipeline grades, welds, and heat-affected zone, do not appear to have a significant effect on the degree or rate of SCC. In terms of environmental factors, it is shown that SCC does not occur even in a fully aerated condition if the ethanol-gasoline blends contain less than approximately 15 vol% ethanol; SCC susceptibility and crack growth rate are higher in 50 vol% ethanol gasoline blend (E-50) than in either lower or higher ethanol concentration blends; oxygen scavenging can be an effective method to prevent SCC; water content above 4.5 wt% prevents SCC in ethanol; and fatigue precracked CT tests show similar trends in SCC susceptibility as SSR tests.
Cemented impaction grafting with moulded intramedullary mesh for femoral stem revision – long-term results
Authors: Girard Julien , Riera Philippe , Pearce Olivier , Duquennoy Antoine , Migaud Henri 
Published: January 2011

To address femoral bone loss in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) we developed a technique involving impaction allografting with intramedullary mesh moulded around the revision stem, to prevent excessive cement penetration of the allograft. The length of the revision stem was determined by the extent of femoral bone loss. Between 1986 and 1998, 32 such procedures were undertaken on 28 patients. The mean pre-operative HHS for function was 22 (range 5 to 42), improving to 41 (range 12 to 47) at final follow-up. Only 1 patient presented with aseptic loosening after revision at 147 months (12.2 years). The 12.5 year survivorship for the stem was 92.8%. The technique has provided stable and durable reconstruction, with good new bone formation visible radiologically. It is technically demanding and time consuming, but it avoids the previously published problem of massive subsidence within the bone graft.
Tuberculous arthritis in Cambodia
Authors: Swenson Alan K. , Gollogly James G. , Ngiep Ou Cheng , Braidwood Mark 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background: Cambodia boasts one of the highest incidences of TB in the world. As such, healthcare providers are experienced with types of extrapulmonary TB such as septic Mycobacterium tuberculosis arthritic infections, not seen in developed countries.
Objective: Examine the incidence and distribution of TB arthritis cases at a Cambodian surgical center, explore the problems of diagnosis and current methods of treatment for this disease.
Methods: The written charts, operation records, and electronic database of patients with clinically diagnosed extrapulmonary TB, confirmed with a positive biopsy between January 2001 and July 2010 were searched. While medical treatment for the TB was given at other facilities, the operations performed and the result for patients with follow-up was reviewed.
Results: Between January 2001 and July 2010, 38 cases of TB arthritis at the CSC in Cambodia were histologically confirmed. Twenty-eight cases affected the lower extremity with the majority affecting the knee and ankle. All 13 patients receiving arthrodesis reported positive surgical outcomes.
Discussion/Conclusion: TB arthritis persists as an ongoing problem at CSC with a significant level of incidence. Arthrodesis is a viable and cost effective mean of treating TB arthritis in Cambodia.
Human IgG inhibits IgA1 protease-dependent adherence of Haemophilus influenza strains to human lung epithelial cells
Authors: He Shiping , Chang Hui-Hsuan , Kuo Hsiu-Maan , Lin Ya-Ling 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Background: IgA1 protease may enhance the bacterial infection in human beings. However, the molecular mechanism of bacterial adherence to eukaryotic cells is unclear.
Objective: Reveal the mechanisms of IgA1 protease-dependent and non-protease bacterial adherence to eukaryotic cells.
Method: Type I and type II IgA1 proteases from iga genes (GenBank DQ683355 for NTHi465, DQ683356 for NTHi500 and DQ683357 for Nm430) were cloned, expressed, and purified. Cellular assays for adherence of IgA1 protease-producing and -non-producing and typable and nontypable strains of H. influenzae to human lung carcinoma cells (A549) were carried out in the presence of human antibodies.
Results: Adherence of protease-producing strains and non-producing strains to human epithelial cells was significantly dependent on the enzyme activity. In addition, human IgG was an inhibitor to IgA1 proteasedependent adherence of H. influenzae strains to human cells. However, IgA1 antibodies were irrelevant to IgA1 protease-dependent adherence.
Conclusion: IgA1 protease was required for adherence of pathogenic bacteria to human epithelial cells in IgA1 protease-producing bacteria, and human IgG inhibits the adherence, but not for IgA1 protease non-producing bacteria.
Associations between evaluation anxiety, cognitive interference and performance on working memory tasks
Authors: Coy Brent , O'Brien William H. , Tabaczynski Tracy , Northern Jebediah , Carels Robert 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAccording to Cognitive Interference Theory, evaluation anxiety leads to increased negative off‐task self‐dialogue which then results in diminished cognitive performance. Given that negative off‐task self‐dialogue is primarily verbal, the phonological loop and central executive components of the working memory system should be most affected by evaluation anxiety. Eighty‐eight participants were randomly assigned to receive evaluation anxiety inducing instructions or supportive instructions prior to administration of three tests (Digit Span, Visual Memory Span, and StroopColour‐Word) that measured the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive components of working memory. Measures of evaluation anxiety and negative off‐task self‐dialogue were obtained during and after testing. Results showed that participants receiving anxiety inducing instructions reported significantly more evaluation anxiety and off‐task self‐dialogue. They also had significantly lower performance on the Digit Span Test and the StroopColour‐Word Test. Negative off‐task self‐dialogue also mediated the relationship between evaluation anxiety and performance on the Digit Span Test. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Five‐Parameter Grain Boundary Analysis by 3D EBSD of an Ultra Fine Grained CuZr Alloy Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Khorashadizadeh A. , Raabe D. , Zaefferer S. , Rohrer G. S. , Rollett A. D. , Winning M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe 3D grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) of a sample subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) after eight passes and successive annealing at 650 °C for about 10 min is analyzed. The experiments are conducted using a dual beam system, which is a combination of a focused ion beam and a scanning electron microscope to collect a series of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps of the microstructure (3D EBSD). The data set was aligned and reconstructed to a 3D microstructure. The crystallographic character of the grain boundary planes was determined using three different methods, namely, the line segment method, the stereological method, and the triangular surface mesh method. The line segment and triangular surface mesh methods produce consistent data sets, both yielding approximately a 7% area fraction of coherent twins. These results starkly contrast that of the statistical stereological method, which produced a 44% area fraction of coherent twins.
Charcot‐marie‐tooth disease subtypes and genetic testing strategies
Authors: Saporta Anita S.D. , Sottile Stephanie L. , Miller Lindsey J. , Feely Shawna M.E. , Siskind Carly E. , Shy Michael E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) affects 1 in 2,500 people and is caused by mutations in more than 30 genes. Identifying the genetic cause of CMT is often necessary for family planning, natural history studies, and for entry into clinical trials. However genetic testing can be both expensive and confusing to patients and physicians.MethodsWe analyzed data from 1,024 of our patients to determine the percentage and features of each CMT subtype within this clinic population. We identified distinguishing clinical and physiological features of the subtypes that could be used to direct genetic testing for patients with CMT.ResultsOf 1,024 patients evaluated, 787 received CMT diagnoses. A total of 527 patients with CMT (67%) received a genetic subtype, while 260 did not have a mutation identified. The most common CMT subtypes were CMT1A, CMT1X, hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP), CMT1B, and CMT2A. All other subtypes accounted for less than 1% each. Eleven patients had >1 genetically identified subtype of CMT. Patients with genetically identified CMT were separable into specific groups based on age of onset and the degree of slowing of motor nerve conduction velocities.InterpretationCombining features of the phenotypic and physiology groups allowed us to identify patients who were highly likely to have specific subtypes of CMT. Based on these results, we propose a strategy of focused genetic testing for CMT, illustrated in a series of flow diagrams created as testing guides. ANN NEUROL 2011;69:22–33.
Longitudinal assessment of Aβ and cognition in aging and Alzheimer disease
Authors: Villemagne Victor L. , Pike Kerryn E. , Chételat Gaël , Ellis Kathryn A. , Mulligan Rachel S. , Bourgeat Pierrick , Ackermann Uwe , Jones Gareth , Szoeke Cassandra , Salvado Olivier , Martins Ralph , O'Keefe Graeme , Mathis Chester A. , Klunk William E. , Ames David , Masters Colin L. , Rowe Christopher C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveAssess Aβ deposition longitudinally and explore its relationship with cognition and disease progression.MethodsClinical follow‐up was obtained 20 ± 3 months after [11C]Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)‐positron emission tomography in 206 subjects: 35 with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT), 65 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 106 age‐matched healthy controls (HCs). A second PiB scan was obtained at follow‐up in 185 subjects and a third scan after 3 years in 57.ResultsAt baseline, 97% of DAT, 69% of MCI, and 31% of HC subjects showed high PiB retention. At 20‐month follow‐up, small but significant increases in PiB standardized uptake value ratios were observed in the DAT and MCI groups, and in HCs with high PiB retention at baseline (5.7%, 2.1%, and 1.5%, respectively). Increases were associated with the number of apolipoprotein E ε4 alleles. There was a weak correlation between PiB increases and decline in cognition when all groups were combined. Progression to DAT occurred in 67% of MCI with high PiB versus 5% of those with low PiB, but 20% of the low PiB MCI subjects progressed to other dementias. Of the high PiB HCs, 16% developed MCI or DAT by 20 months and 25% by 3 years. One low PiB HC developed MCI.InterpretationAβ deposition increases slowly from cognitive normality to moderate severity DAT. Extensive Aβ deposition precedes cognitive impairment, and is associated with ApoE genotype and a higher risk of cognitive decline in HCs and progression from MCI to DAT over 1 to 2 years. However, cognitive decline is only weakly related to change in Aβ burden, suggesting that downstream factors have a more direct effect on symptom progression. Ann Neurol 2011;69:181–192.
Biological implications of recreational shore angling and harvest in a marine reserve: the case of Cape Creus
Authors: Font Toni , Lloret Josep 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Recreational shore fishing along the coast of the marine reserve of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean) was studied in 2007 and 2009 based on roving creel surveys (on‐site angler surveys during which anglers' harvests are examined by the survey clerk). The study aimed to assess the biological impacts of this leisure activity on coastal fish stocks and the potential risks arising from the use of exotic baits.
Recreational shore fishers employ seven different fishing techniques, of which the bottom fishing rod (a fishing rod whose hooks, together with the bait, lie on the bottom or near it by means of a heavy weight) is by far the most widely used method (nearly 90% of observations). In total, 25 fish species were identified in the catch from the bottom fishing rod.
The estimated annual shore fishing catches (c.3 tons) are much lower than those obtained by recreational boat and spear fishing (c.20 tons each), and those from commercial (artisanal) fishing (c.50 tons). The weighted mean vulnerability index and trophic level values in the catch from the bottom fishing rod are 52.2 and 4.03, respectively.
A minimum of 43% of the baits used by the shore anglers were live, non‐native species (mostly polychaetes).
Overall, results highlight the impact of shore angling on coastal fish communities of a protected area and the increasing environmental risks arising from the use of exotic marine baits, which constitute a potential and unregulated vector of introduction of non‐native species in the Mediterranean. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk frames on shark diving websites: implications for global shark conservation
Authors: Gore Meredith L. , Muter Bret A. , Lapinski Maria Knight , Neuberger Lindsay , van der Heide Brandon 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Decision‐makers can leverage understanding about the human dimensions (HD) of shark conservation to inform more effective conservation action. Characterizing risk frames on shark diving websites can provide insight about the HD of shark conservation and deepen understanding of the role of risk in influencing human relationships with wildlife.
The objectives of the current study were to: (1) describe risk frames (e.g. victim, perpetrator) found on shark diving websites; (2) explore themes among and between risk frames; and (3) synthesize implications for conservation.
Content among 53 websites was analysed in December 2008; 15% used only a perpetrator frame, 21% used only a victim frame, 36% used both frames and 28% used neither frame.
Websites with a conservation link were more likely to use a victim frame (T = 0.283, P<0.05). The occurrence of both frames on study websites speaks to the relevancy of applying risk‐related thinking to shark conservation.
This research highlights how risk frames are contextualized on selected shark diving websites. Integrated with understanding of the ecological processes surrounding sharks and their conservation, HD information such as that presented here can contribute to more effective shark conservation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.