bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the geomagnetic imprinting hypothesis for salmon
Authors: BRACIS CHLOE , ANDERSON JAMES J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlthough evidence indicates that salmon could use geomagnetic cues in their high seas homing migration, the underlying behavioral strategy salmon apply to navigation cues is poorly understood. In one hypothesis, salmon imprint on the magnetic field when entering the ocean as juveniles and use the difference between the local and imprinted fields to navigate home. In this paper we demonstrate that simple behaviors incorporating this cue difference, to approach the isoline matching the imprinted magnetic value and then to follow along the isoline to the river mouth, are sufficient to guide spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to the Columbia River. We model homing trajectories of salmon, combining ocean currents and fish swimming behaviors. Although the magnetic field inclination angle is a more robust cue than magnetic field intensity, both are sufficient to direct fish to the river mouth from a wide region of the Northeastern Pacific. The threshold defining the transition between the isoline approach and follow behaviors is the main factor determining successful homing trajectories. Small thresholds are more successful, meaning the approach behavior predominates until the fish is near the isoline intersecting the river mouth. The follow behavior swim heading can compensate for magnetic field changes, and the directed migration start date determines the longitudinal center of successful starting locations. This analysis suggests that salmon from ocean habitats may approach their home river in a narrow migration corridor along a magnetic field isoline.
Permeability inversion from low‐frequency seismoelectric logs in fluid‐saturated porous formations
Authors: Guan Wei , Hu Hengshan , Wang Zhi 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a method is proposed to invert permeability from seismoelectric logs in fluid‐saturated porous formations. From the analysis of both the amplitude and the phase of simulated seismoelectric logs, we find that the Stoneley wave amplitude of the ratio of the converted electric field to the pressure (REP) is sensitive to porosity rather than permeability while the tangent of the REP's phase is sensitive to permeability. The REP's phase reflects the phase discrepancy between the electric field and the pressure at the same location in the borehole. We theoretically derive the frequency‐dependent expression of the REP of the low‐frequency Stoneley wave and find that the tangent of the REP's argument is approximately in inverse proportion to permeability. We obtain an inversion formula and present the permeability inversion method by using the tangent of the REP's phase. To test this method, the permeabilities of different sandstones are inverted from the synthetic full‐waveform data of seismoelectric logs. A modified inversion process is proposed based on the analysis of inversion errors, by which the relative errors are controlled below 25% and they are smaller than those of the permeability inversion from the Stoneley wave of acoustic logs.
Falls in old age: a threat to identity
Authors: Dollard Joanne , Barton Christopher , Newbury Jonathan , Turnbull Deborah 
Published: March 2012

Aim and objective.  This study aimed to understand older people’s perceptions of their and other older peoples’ falls risk, to increase understanding of why older people might not believe falls are relevant to themselves.Background.  One‐third of the people aged ≥65 years (older people) fall yearly. Many older people do not participate in falls prevention programmes because they purport they are not personally vulnerable.Design.  A qualitative study was conducted, guided by the tenets of grounded theory.Method.  Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine community‐dwelling older people living in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia. The interview explored participant’s direct and indirect experience of falling, their perceived chance of falling in the next 12 months and that of others of the same age and sex to themselves and their reasons for this.Results.  Participants carefully presented themselves as being ‘not the type who fall’, who they view negatively. They believed their or their friends past or future falls were (or could be) because of factors outside of their personal control or because they were not paying attention at that moment of falling, as opposed to being the type of person who falls. They used these explanations as strategies to maintain or protect their identity as being physically competent.Conclusions.  Older people know that falling can be viewed negatively. Falling is a threat to their identity as the type of person who does not fall. This explanation is consistent with self‐presentation theory, where people use accounting strategies in social interaction to create a desired impression.Relevance to clinical practice.  Falls prevention messages are likely to be rejected if the target group associate the message with a negative identity. These findings can assist nurses to understand older people’s reluctance to engage in falls prevention and can stimulate thinking regarding alternative engagement strategies.
The effect of analgesic education on pain in patients undergoing breast surgery: within 24 hours after the operation
Authors: Sayin Yazile , Aksoy Guler 
Published: March 2012

Aim.  The goal of this study was to assess the effect of patient information about the analgesics used after breast surgery, on patient’s level of pain and mobilisation ability.Background.  Pain needs to be managed efficiently; in particular, for surgical cases, postoperative pain must be effectively controlled. Information about analgesic helped reduce the severity of pain.Design.  This study was a clinical trial comparing a test group that received information about the analgesic to be used and a control group that received information as usual.Methods.  Eighty‐four patients who had a modified radical mastectomy or breast‐conserving surgery were included in the study. Data were collected in a breast surgery clinic with a questionnaire, with the use of Short‐form McGill‐Melzack Pain Questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale. The test group received information about the surgical pain and the analgesics that would be used during the postoperative period.Results.  The results showed that the level of pain reported by patients was similar in the test and control groups. However, the average level of postoperative pain in the test group was lower than that in the control group. The total pain reduction score for the test group, after surgery, was greater than for the control group. Following surgery, 73·8% of the test group and 50·0% of the control group achieved mobilisation within the first six hours.Conclusion.  Informing patients about the analgesics to be used for their care reduced pain and provided earlier mobilisation.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings of this study can provide guidance to nurses and improve analgesic control of pain management.
Patterns and determinants of leisure participation of youth and adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Badia M. , Orgaz M. B. , Verdugo M. Á. , Ullán A. M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  People with developmental disabilities are at high risk for a limited participation in leisure activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the participation in, preference for and interest in leisure activities of young and adults with developmental disabilities, and to examine the factors associated with leisure activity.Methods  A cross‐sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 237 people aged 17 to 65, living in the community. Leisure participation was assessed with the Spanish version of Leisure Assessment Inventory. Percentages were calculated by types of activity, and repeated measures anovas were used to analyse the differences between types of activities, and mixed anovas to analyse the factors that explain differences in leisure activity participation, preference and interest.Results  Leisure social activities and recreation activities at home were mostly solitary and passive in nature and were identified as those being most commonly engaged in. Respondents expressed preference for more social and physical activity, and they were interested in trying out a large number of physical activities. Age and type of schooling determine participation in leisure activity. The results underscore the differences in leisure activity participation, preference and interest depending on the severity of the disability.Conclusions  The findings reveal interesting patterns of participation in leisure activities from the viewpoint of youngsters and adults with developmental disabilities. Leisure participation among people with developmental disabilities is likely to be more affected by environmental factors than by personal factors.
A comprehensive mental health nursing assessment: variability of content in practice
Authors: COOMBS T. , CROOKES P. , CURTIS J. 
Published: March 2012

Accessible summary
Little is known of how a comprehensive mental health nursing assessment is undertaken in practice.
Nurses describe the content of a comprehensive mental health nursing assessment in different ways.
Different content may lead to different interventions.
More work is required to ensure comprehensive mental health nursing assessments are undertaken in practice.
AbstractAssessment is the foundation of mental health nursing practice, but little is known of how it is undertaken. This paper explores how mental health nurses describe the content of a comprehensive mental health nursing assessment. Eighteen nurses who worked in inpatient and community settings either as clinicians or managers, ranging from new graduates to nurses with greater than 20 years of experience, were interviewed and asked to describe the content of a comprehensive mental health nursing assessment. Transcribed interviews were analysed using a grounded theory methodology. The primary theme to emerge was one of variability. Most respondents hesitated and then identified different content areas that needed to be assessed as part of a comprehensive mental health nursing assessment. If the areas that are being assessed vary between nurses, then logically the types of interventions being offered will also vary. These results have implications for the education of nurses, their clinical practice, ongoing supervision and research into contemporary mental health nursing practice.
Genome‐wide association genetics of an adaptive trait in lodgepole pine
Authors: PARCHMAN THOMAS L. , GOMPERT ZACHARIAH , MUDGE JOANN , SCHILKEY FAYE D. , BENKMAN CRAIG W. , BUERKLE C. ALEX 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPine cones that remain closed and retain seeds until fire causes the cones to open (cone serotiny) represent a key adaptive trait in a variety of pine species. In lodgepole pine, there is substantial geographical variation in serotiny across the Rocky Mountain region. This variation in serotiny has evolved as a result of geographically divergent selection, with consequences that extend to forest communities and ecosystems. An understanding of the genetic architecture of this trait is of interest owing to the wide‐reaching ecological consequences of serotiny and also because of the repeated evolution of the trait across the genus. Here, we present and utilize an inexpensive and time‐effective method for generating population genomic data. The method uses restriction enzymes and PCR amplification to generate a library of fragments that can be sequenced with a high level of multiplexing. We obtained data for more than 95 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 98 serotinous and nonserotinous lodgepole pines from three populations. We used a Bayesian generalized linear model (GLM) to test for an association between genotypic variation at these loci and serotiny. The probability of serotiny varied by genotype at 11 loci, and the association between genotype and serotiny at these loci was consistent in each of the three populations of pines. Genetic variation across these 11 loci explained 50% of the phenotypic variation in serotiny. Our results provide a first genome‐wide association map of serotiny in pines and demonstrate an inexpensive and efficient method for generating population genomic data.
Population history of the Hispaniolan hutia Plagiodontia aedium (Rodentia: Capromyidae): testing the model of ancient differentiation on a geotectonically complex Caribbean island
Authors: BRACE SELINA , BARNES IAN , POWELL ADAM , PEARSON REBECCA , WOOLAVER LANCE G. , THOMAS MARK G. , TURVEY SAMUEL T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHispaniola is a geotectonically complex island consisting of two palaeo‐islands that docked c. 10 Ma, with a further geological boundary subdividing the southern palaeo‐island into eastern and western regions. All three regions have been isolated by marine barriers during the late Cenozoic and possess biogeographically distinct terrestrial biotas. However, there is currently little evidence to indicate whether Hispaniolan mammals show distributional patterns reflecting this geotectonic history, as the island’s endemic land mammal fauna is now almost entirely extinct. We obtained samples of Hispaniolan hutia (Plagiodontia aedium), one of the two surviving Hispaniolan land mammal species, through fieldwork and historical museum collections from seven localities distributed across all three of the island’s biogeographic regions. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b) reveals a pattern of historical allopatric lineage divergence in this species, with the spatial distribution of three distinct hutia lineages biogeographically consistent with the island’s geotectonic history. Coalescent modelling, approximate Bayesian computation and approximate Bayes factor analyses support our phylogenetic inferences, indicating near‐complete genetic isolation of these biogeographically separate populations and differing estimates of their effective population sizes. Spatial congruence of hutia lineage divergence is not however matched by temporal congruence with divergences in other Hispaniolan taxa or major events in Hispaniola’s geotectonic history; divergence between northern and southern hutia lineages dates to c. 0.6 Ma, significantly later than the unification of the palaeo‐islands. The three allopatric Plagiodontia populations should all be treated as distinct management units for conservation, with particular attention required for the northern population (low haplotype diversity) and the south‐western population (high haplotype diversity but highly threatened).
Review: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: prion protein type, disease phenotype and agent strain
Authors: Head M. W. , Ironside J. W. 
Published: March 2012

M. W. Head and J. W. Ironside (2012) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38, 296–310Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: prion protein type, disease phenotype and agent strainThe human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or human prion diseases are one of the most intensively investigated groups of rare human neurodegenerative conditions. They are generally held to be unique in terms of their complex epidemiology and phenotypic variability, but they may also serve as a paradigm with which other more common protein misfolding disorders might be compared and contrasted. The clinico‐pathological phenotype of human prion diseases appears to depend on a complex interaction between the prion protein genotype of the affected individual and the physico‐chemical properties of the neurotoxic and transmissible agent, thought to comprise of misfolded prion protein. A major focus of research in recent years has been to define the phenotypic heterogeneity of the recognized human prion diseases, correlate this with molecular‐genetic features and then determine whether this molecular‐genetic classification of human prion disease defines the biological properties of the agent as determined by animal transmission studies. This review seeks to survey the field as it currently stands, summarize what has been learned, and explore what remains to be investigated in order to obtain a more complete scientific understanding of prion diseases and to protect public health.
14‐3‐3 proteins regulate the intracellular localization of the transcriptional activator GmMYB176 and affect isoflavonoid synthesis in soybean
Authors: Li Xuyan , Chen Ling , Dhaubhadel Sangeeta 
Published: March 2012

SummaryIsoflavonoids are legume‐specific natural plant compounds that play important functions in nitrogen fixation as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. Many clinical studies have suggested a role for isoflavonoids in human health and nutrition. We have recently identified an R1 MYB transcription factor GmMYB176 that regulatesCHS8gene expression and isoflavonoid biosynthesis. Here we demonstrate that binding of 14‐3‐3 proteins to GmMYB176 modulates this function. GmMYB176 interacts with all 16 14‐3‐3 proteins (SGF14s) in soybean (Glycine max) with varying activity. The detailed analysis of 14‐3‐3‐binding sites within GmMYB176 identified a critical motif (D2) where Ser29 is potentially phosphorylated. Deletion of the D2 motif from GmMYB176 or substitution of Ser29 with an alanine abolished binding with SGF14 proteins, which altered the subcellular localization of GmMYB176. Overexpression ofSGF14lin soybean hairy roots did not affect the transcript level ofGmMYB176but it reduced the expression levels of key isoflavonoid genes and isoflavonoid accumulation in soybean hairy root. Our results suggest that SGF14–GmMYB176 interaction regulates the intracellular localization of GmMYB176, thereby affecting isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean.
Willingness of the United States general public to participate in kidney paired donation
Authors: Segev Dorry L. , Powe Neil R. , Troll Misty U. , Wang Nae‐Yuh , Montgomery Robert A. , Boulware L. Ebony 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundAvailability of kidney paired donation (KPD) is increasing in the United States, and a national system through UNOS is forthcoming. However, little is known about attitudes toward KPD among the general public, from which donors (particularly non‐directed) are drawn.MethodsIn a national study, we assessed the public's attitudes regarding participation in KPD.ResultsAmong 845 randomly selected participants, 85.2% of respondents were either “extremely willing” or “very willing” to participate in KPD. Experiences with the medical or organ transplant systems, such as undergoing surgery, having a primary medical provider, a living will, a friend who donated or received an organ, and considering donation after death, were associated with increased willingness. However, increased age, male sex, African American race, Hispanic ethnicity, distrust of the medical system, and not understanding organ allocation were associated with less willingness.ConclusionsWe identify strong support for KPD but some important potential barriers to participation which should be considered as KPD programs are implemented.
Matched sibling donor stem cell transplantation for Fanconi anemia patients with T‐cell somatic mosaicism
Authors: Yabe Miharu , Shimizu Takashi , Morimoto Tsuyoshi , Koike Takashi , Takakura Hiromitsu , Tsukamoto Hideo , Muroi Kazuo , Oshima Koichi , Asami Keiko , Takata Minoru , Yamashita Takayuki , Kato Shunichi , Yabe Hiromasa 
Published: March 2012

Yabe M, Shimizu T, Morimoto T, Koike T, Takakura H, Tsukamoto H, Muroi K, Oshima K, Asami K, Takata M, Yamashita T, Kato S, Yabe H. Matched sibling donor stem cell transplantation for Fanconi anemia patients with T‐cell somatic mosaicism.Abstract:  SCT from HLA‐identical sibling donors is generally associated with an excellent survival in FA patients if performed prior to the development of MDS or leukemia. However, the optimal conditioning regimen has not been defined. We report here our experience with 15 Japanese FA patients who underwent HLA‐matched sibling donor SCT. The aim of this study is to compare radiation‐based conditioning to Flu‐based conditioning for FA patients in a Japanese population where the T‐cell somatic mosaicism is higher than in the Caucasian population. Eight patients (a‐group) received a radiation‐based conditioning (500–600 cGy of thoracoabdominal/TBI) with CY dose modification (20–120 mg/kg), and ATG; two patients exhibited rejection. Seven patients (b‐group) received CY (40 mg/kg), 150–180 mg/m2 of Flu, and ATG. Durable engraftment was demonstrated in all patients. In FA patients, Flu‐based conditioning may allow stable engraftment in matched sibling donor transplantation without radiation, even in patients with T‐cell somatic mosaicism.
Low genetic diversity and local adaptive divergence ofDracaena cambodiana(Liliaceae) populations associated with historical population bottlenecks and natural selection: an endangered long‐lived tree endemic to Hainan Island, China
Authors: Zheng D.‐J. , Xie L.‐S. , Zhu J.‐H. , Zhang Z.‐L. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHistorical population bottlenecks and natural selection have important effects on the current genetic diversity and structure of long‐lived trees.Dracaena cambodianais an endangered, long‐lived tree endemic to Hainan Island, China. Our field investigations showed that only 10 populations remain on Hainan Island and that almost all have been seriously isolated and grow in distinct habitats. A considerable amount of genetic variation at the species level, but little variation at the population level, and a high level of genetic differentiation among the populations with limited gene flow inD. cambodianawere detected using inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. No significant correlation was found between genetic diversity and actual population size, as the genetic diversities were similar regardless of population size. The Mantel test revealed that there was no correlation between genetic and geographic distances among the 10 populations. The UPGMA, PCoA and Bayesian analyses showed that local adaptive divergence has occurred among theD. cambodianapopulations, which was further supported by habitat‐private fragments. We suggest that the current genetic diversity and population differentiation ofD. cambodianaresulted from historical population bottlenecks and natural selection followed by historical isolation. However, the lack of natural regeneration ofD. cambodianaindicates that former local adaptations with low genetic diversity may have been genetically weak and are unable to adapt to the current ecological environments.
Maternal warming affects early life stages of an invasive thistle
Authors: Zhang R. , Gallagher R. S. , Shea K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractMaternal environment can influence plant offspring performance. Understanding maternal environmental effects will help to bridge a key gap in the knowledge of plant life cycles, and provide important insights for species’ responses under climate change. Here we show that maternal warming significantly affected the early life stages of an invasive thistle, Carduus nutans. Seeds produced by plants grown in warmed conditions had higher germination percentages and shorter mean germination times than those produced by plants under ambient conditions; this difference was most evident at suboptimal germination temperatures. Subsequent seedling emergence was also faster with maternal warming, with no cost to seedling emergence percentage and seedling growth. Our results suggest that maternal warming may accelerate the life cycle of this species via enhanced early life‐history stages. These maternal effects on offspring performance, together with the positive responses of the maternal generation, may exacerbate invasions of this species under climate change.