bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Zn1‐xCuxO films by remote‐plasma‐enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with Cu(dibm)2
Authors: Hu B. , Adachi M. , Yamamoto K. , Nakamura A. , Temmyo J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe have successfully grown Zn1‐xCuxO films by RPE‐MOCVD with a metalorganic source of Cu(dibm)2. Wurztite Zn1‐xCuxO films were characterized by XRD analysis and evaluated optical bandgaps and photoluminescence properties at room temperature. It was found that the c‐axis lattice length gradually decreased with increasing the Cu content and the bandgaps showed a tendency of blueshift. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Switching characteristics of ZnO based transparent resistive random access memory devices grown by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Misra Pankaj , Das Amit K. , Kukreja Lalit M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractResistance switching characteristics, observed in metal oxide thin films, has recently attracted a great deal of attention to develop next generation low power, low cost, high speed, rugged and nonvolatile resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. The memory effect in these materials is realized through the switching of the resistance of their thin films between two states of high and low resistances. Amongst the known metal oxides currently being explored for the development of RRAM, ZnO has been demonstrated to be a potential candidate. ZnO is an n‐type wide bandgap semiconductor and is highly transparent in the visible spectral region. Moreover its conductivity can be tailored in a broad range from metal like to insulator like by suitable impurity doping. Therefore it is possible to develop a fully transparent RRAM entirely based on ZnO. In this paper we report growth of a novel transparent RRAM devices based on ZnO and its variants. We studied the resistive switching characteristics of these devices and associated conduction mechanisms responsible for the switching. The details of this study will be presented in the paper (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Local measurement of conduction band offset for ZnCdS/ZnSSe nano‐structure by Laplace current DLTS cooperated with AFM technique
Authors: Litvinov Vladimir , Kozlovsky Vladimir , Sannikov Denis , Sviridov Dmitry , Milovanova Oksana , Rybin Nikolay 
Published: April 2010

AbstractZnCdS/ZnSSe SQW structure were investigated by current deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) with Laplace transform cooperated with atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the first time. Cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements were carried out also. Basing on Laplace current DLTS with AFM and CL data we estimated the conduction band offset of the ZnCdS/ZnSSe interface in the different regions of the structure. Size of the investigated region was commensurable with the diameter of cantilever tip. We demonstrated that Laplace current DLTS‐spectrometer switched in the circuit of an AFM cantilever may be used for an investigation of nanostructures. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanism of resistive memory effect in Ga doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Kinoshtia Kentaro , Hinoki Toshio , Yazawa Kenji , Ohmi Koutoku , Kishida Satoru 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA hypothesis based on the model which explains the resistance change effect of resistive random access memory (ReRAM) by redox reaction is proposed. This hypothesis leads a conclusion that the relation between the polarity of the applied bias voltage and the caused resistance change in p ‐type semiconductors is opposite to that in n ‐type. Bias polarity dependence of resultant resistance change of ZnO and Ga‐doped ZnO (GZO), which are n ‐type semiconductors, were investigated using conducting atomic force microscope (C‐AFM). It was clarified that the opposite bias polarity is required to make GZO and NiO into the same resistance state, consistent with our hypothesis. In addition, enhancement of the resistance change effect by increasing Joule heating was observed. The present work also suggested that controlling the local carrier concentration of oxide films by application of localized strong electric field is possible. This technology might enable the fabrication of not only memory devices but also new nano‐scale electronic devices (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Se‐Se isoelectronic centers in high purity CdTe
Authors: Najjar Rita , Golnik Andrzej , André Régis , Kossacki Piotr , Gaj Jan A. , Mariette Henri 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe evidence zero‐dimensional exciton states trapped on isoelectronic Se centers in CdTe quantum wells, δ‐doped with Se. Thanks to special precautions taken to have very high purity CdTe heterostructures, it is possible to observe, in photoluminescence spectra, sharp discrete lines arising from individual centers related to the Se doping. These emission lines appear at about 40 meV below the CdTe band gap energy. The most prominent lines are attributed to the recombination of excitons bound to nearest‐neighbor selenium pairs in a tetrahedral CdTe environment. This assignment is confirmed by a common linear polarization direction of the emitted light, parallel to <110>. These excitons localized on individual isoelectronic traps are good candidates as single photon emitters (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface and interface study of cermet coatings on aluminized steel by XPS
Authors: Romero R. , Martin F. , Ramos‐Barrado J. R. , Leinen D. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCermet (Ag‐ZrO2) coatings have been deposited by spray pyrolysis on an aluminized steel (AS) sheet of large area, using two different coating procedures: i) first spraying silver particles, and above that layer a film of zirconia, or ii) simultaneously spraying zirconia and the silver particles using a unique spray solution with Zr and Ag precursors. XPS surface and subsurface analysis, with the help of mild Ar+ etching, has shown that the silver particles are metallic. On the surface of the silver particles exists a very thin oxide layer of silver zirconate. After Ar+ etching, the Ag‐ZrO2 coating material exhibits two phases showing differential charging. Both types of coatings reveal similar XPS spectra during analysis, albeit the coating obtained from the unique spray solution presents XPS peaks of slightly smaller width. SEM observations show that smaller silver particles with a smaller particle size distribution are obtained when spraying with a unique spray solution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of active layer thickness and annealing in zinc oxide TFT grown by atomic layer deposition
Authors: Ahn Cheol Hyoun , Woo Chang Ho , Hwang SooYeon , Lee Jeong Yong , Cho Hyung Koun , Cho Hyoung Jin , Yeom Geun Young 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe utilized atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the growth of the ZnO channel layers in the oxide thin‐film‐transistors (TFTs) with a bottom‐gate structure using a SiO2/p‐Si substrate. For fundamental study, the effect of the channel thickness and thermal treatment on the TFT performance was investigated. The growth modes for the ALD‐grown ZnO layer changed from island growth to layer‐by‐layer growth at thicknesses of >7.5 nm with highly resistive properties. A channel thickness of 17 nm resulted in good TFT behavior with an on/off current ratio of >106 and a field effect mobility of 2.9 without the need for thermal annealing. However, further increases in the channel thickness resulted in a deterioration of the TFT performance, or no saturation. The ALD‐grown ZnO layers showed reduced electrical resistivity and carrier density after thermal treatment in oxygen. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of acid‐ethanol treatment followed by ball milling on structural and physicochemical characteristics of cassava starch
Authors: Cavallini Carolina M. , Franco Célia M. L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractStructural and physicochemical characteristics of cassava starch treated with 0.36% HCl in anhydrous ethanol during 1 and 12 h at 30, 40, and 50°C followed by ball milling for 1 h were analyzed. Average yield of acid‐ethanol starches reached 98% independent of the treatment conditions. Solubility of acid‐ethanol starches increased with reaction temperature and time, but it did not change after ball milling. Granule average size reduced with chemical treatment from 25.2 to 20.0 µm after 12 h at 50°C. Ball milling decreased the granule average diameter of the native starch and those chemically treated at 30°C/1 h or 40°C/1 h, but it did not alter the starches treated for 12 h, independent of temperature. From scanning electron microscopy (SEM), starch granules presented round shape and after modification at 50°C/12 h, before and after ball milling, showed a rough and exfoliated surface. Some granules were deformed, suggesting partial gelatinization that was more intense after milling. Starch crystallinity increased as temperature and time of chemical treatment were increased, while amylose content, intrinsic, and pasting viscosities decreased. Gelatinization temperatures increased for all chemical starches. The findings can be related to the preferential destruction of amorphous areas in the granules, which are composed of amylose and amylopectin. After ball milling, the starch crystallinity decreased, amylose content, intrinsic, and pasting viscosities kept unchanged and gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy reduced. Ball milling on native and chemical starches caused the increase of amorphous areas with consequent weakening and decreasing of crystalline areas by breaking of hydrogen bonds within the granules.
Nanoscale surfacing for regenerative medicine
Authors: Yang Yong , Leong Kam W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCells in most tissues reside in microenvironment surrounded with specific three‐dimensional features. The extracellular matrix or substratum with which cells interact often includes topography at the nanoscale. For example, the basement membrane of many tissues displays features of pores, fibers and ridges in the nanometer range. The nanoscale topography has significant effects on cellular behavior. Knowledge of the cell–substratum interactions is crucial to the understanding of many fundamental biological questions and to regenerative medicine. Rapid advances in nanotechnology enable cellular study on engineered nanoscale surfaces. Recent findings underscore the phenomenon that mammalian cells do respond to nanosized features on a synthetic surface. This review covers the commonly used techniques of engineering nanoscale surface and the techniques which have not been adapted but are of great potential in regenerative medicine, surveys the applications of nanoscale surface in regenerative medicine including vascular, bone, neural and stem cell tissue engineering, and discusses the possible mechanisms of cellular responses to nanoscale surface. A better understanding of the interactions between cells and nanoscale surfacing will help advance the field of regenerative medicine. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 478–495This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
Psychosocial distress in acute cancer patients assessed with an expert rating scale
Authors: Senf Bianca , Brandt Holger , Dignass Axel , Kleinschmidt Rolf , Kaiser Jochen 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Purpose
The identification of psychosocial stress in cancer patients has remained a challenging task especially in an acute care environment. The aims of the present study were to apply a short expert rating scale for the assessment of distress during the acute treatment phase and to identify potential sociodemographic and disease-related predictors.

Methods
Four hundred seventy-eight ward cancer patients were assessed with the short form of the psycho-oncological basis documentation and its breast-cancer-specific version. In addition, they completed a self-rating questionnaire on stress in cancer patients. We recorded sociodemographic and disease-related variables and assessed their predictive value for psychosocial distress.

Results
According to the expert rating scale, 56.3% of patients were rated distressed. While only 31.3% of patients were classified as distressed according to a patient self-rating, both approaches showed a good degree of concurrence with a consistent classification of 69% of patients. Younger age, current psychotropic medication, and past psychological treatment were associated with higher distress levels. Patients with metastases and those with a poorer functional status were more distressed. Interestingly, having an operation was associated with a better psychological well-being.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that a substantial proportion of cancer patients in acute care are psychosocially distressed. A short expert rating scale proved to be a feasible tool for the assessment of distress in an acute care setting.
Platelets prevent acute liver damage after extended hepatectomy in pigs
Authors: Hisakura Katsuji , Murata Soichiro , Fukunaga Kiyoshi , Myronovych Andriy , Tadano Sosuke , Kawasaki Takuya , Kohno Keisuke , Ikeda Osamu , Pak Sugiru , Ikeda Naoya , Nakano Yoritaka , Matsuo Ryota , Konno Kenjiro , Kobayashi Eiji , Saito Toshiyuki , Yasue Hiroshi , Ohkohchi Nobuhiro 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground/PurposePlatelets develop tissue repair and promote liver regeneration. We investigated whether platelets prevented acute liver damage after extended hepatectomy in pigs.MethodsThrombocytosis was induced by the following two methods; afterwards 80% hepatectomy was performed in pigs. In the first method, the pigs received administration of thrombopoietin [TPO (+) group], and they were compared with a control group [TPO (−) group]. In the second method, the pigs received a splenectomy [Sp (+) group], and theywere compared with another control group [Sp (−) group]. Platelet counts, biochemical examination of blood, and histopathological findings of the residual liver were examined.ResultsSerum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (T‐Bil) levels were significantly decreased in the thrombocytotic groups compared with the control groups in the early period after hepatectomy. In the histopathological findings, hemorrhagic necrosis with a bile plug was observed in the control groups, but this phenomenon was not observed in the thrombocytotic groups. On transmission electron microscopy, the sinusoidal endothelial lining was destroyed and detached into the sinusoidal space with enlargement of Disse's spaces in the thrombocytotic groups, but these findings were not observed in the control groups.ConclusionAn increased number of platelets prevents acute liver damage after extended hepatectomy.
Belowground microbial symbiont enhances plant susceptibility to a spider mite through change in soybean leaf quality
Authors: Katayama Noboru , Nishida Takaaki , Zhang Zhi Qi , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo examine how rhizobia affect the chemical and nutrient status in leaves of soybean (Glycine max L.), and how rhizobia change plant susceptibility to a generalist spider mite (Tetranycus urticae), we cultivated root‐nodulating soybeans (R+) and their non‐nodulating mutant (R−) in a common garden. We experimentally fertilized the plants with nitrogen to examine effects of rhizobia on the plant traits and plant susceptibility to spider mites at different nitrogen levels. R+ plants produced more leaves containing greater nitrogen and less total phenolics than R− plants. Spider mites fed on R+ leaves produced more eggs than those fed on R− leaves. The positive effect of rhizobia on spider mite fecundity could be due to an increase in foliar N content and/or to a decrease in concentration of phenolics. Although root nodule mass did not differ among different nitrogen levels, ureide‐N, an indicator of nitrogen provided by rhizobia, in xylem sap decreased at moderate and high soil nitrogen levels. Therefore, we expected that rhizobia effects on egg production of the spider mite would decrease in high soil nitrogen conditions. However, the effect of rhizobia was still maintained even at high soil nitrogen levels. Thus, soil nitrogen and rhizobia may independently affect the reproductive performance of the spider mite.
Does the Amount of Participation in Afterschool Programs Relate to Developmental Outcomes? A Review of the Literature
Authors: Roth Jodie L. , Malone Lizabeth M. , Brooks-Gunn Jeanne 
Published: April 2010

AbstractContrary to the findings from previous reviews we found little support for the general notion that greater amounts of participation in afterschool programs was related to academic, behavioral, or socio‐emotional outcomes. However, some relationships did emerge depending on how participation was conceptualized and measured, and the methodology used to assess the relationship between participation and outcomes. For example, some benefits occurred when participants with high levels of participation were compared to non‐participants, not when they were compared to other program participants. Several suggestions are offered to improve future research on the relationship between aspects of participation and developmental outcomes.
An Improved Isolation Method of Soy β‐Conglycinin Subunits and Their Characterization
Authors: Yuan De‐Bao , Min Wei , Yang Xiao‐Quan , Tang Chuan‐He , Huang Ke‐Li , Guo Jian , Wang Jin‐Mei , Wu Na‐Na , Zheng Heng‐Guang , QI Jun‐Ru 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis study aimed at establishing an effective preparative isolation method of soy β‐conglycinin constituent subunits and characterizing some of their physicochemical properties and their heat‐induced aggregation. These subunits were isolated in relatively large amounts and in high purity by dissociating β‐conglycinin in 6 M urea and using a combination of DEAE‐Sepharose fast flow column chromatography and immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). At a pH deviating from isoelectric point (pI), zeta potentials of α′ and α subunits were much larger than that of β subunit, while in the latter case, the hydrophobic groups were more buried within the proteins. Dynamic light scattering analysis indicated that the extent of heat‐induced aggregation of β subunit was much higher than that of α′ and α subunits, and the aggregation was also more affected by the increase in ionic strength. Atomic force microscopy analysis indicated that more ordered and stranded aggregates were formed for α′ and α subunits. These results confirm a close relationship between physicochemical properties and heat‐induced aggregation of β‐conglycinin subunits.
La contribution de l’Encyclopédie à la vulgarisation des notions en anatomie andrologique au siècle des Lumières
Authors: Karamanou M. , Poulakou Rebelakou E. , Androutsos G. 
Published: April 2010

Résumé
Au siècle des Lumières, les notions en anatomie andrologique des grands anatomistes, tels que De Graaf, Morgagni, Duverney, Heister, Ruysch, grâce à l’Encyclopédie, connurent une grande promulgation et purent être vulgarisées aussi bien dans le monde scientifique qu’auprès du grand public.
Endoscopic management of skull base defects associated with persistent pneumocephalus following previous open repair: A preliminary report
Authors: Clark David W. , Citardi Martin J. , Fakhri Samer 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveTo describe the management of anterior skull base defects in patients who present with pneumocephalus after previous open neurosurgical intervention.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsPatients repaired endoscopically for symptomatic pneumocephalus between April 1, 2005, and July 1, 2008. Volumetric calculation of the amount of intracranial air based on the preoperative CT scan was performed.ResultsSix patients met inclusion criteria. The etiology of skull base defects was accidental trauma in two patients and surgical trauma in the remaining four. Average time from the open intervention until endoscopic repair was 28 days. Intrathecal fluorescein was utilized in five cases, but visualized at the site of the defect in only one patient. All patients were treated with a similar endoscopic technique. A simple free mucosal graft was used in four patients; a mucosal graft was placed over a layered reconstruction consisting of acellular dermal matrix in two patients, with one patient receiving septal cartilage. Closure of defects was achieved in all six patients with complete resolution of pneumocephalus in five patients after an average of 17 days; one patient had trace amounts of pneumocephalus (< 2 cc) at 10 days. Mean follow‐up was seven months.ConclusionEndoscopic techniques employed in this preliminary report demonstrate promising results in managing skull base defects associated with clinically significant pneumocephalus following failed prior open neurosurgical repair. The small population size in this study, however, precludes definitive conclusions regarding efficacy.
Acetaminophen ototoxicity after acetaminophen/hydrocodone abuse: Evidence from two parallel in vitro mouse models
Authors: Yorgason Joshua G. , Kalinec Gilda M. , Luxford William M. , Warren Frank M. , Kalinec Federico 
Published: April 2010

ObjectiveAcetaminophen/hydrocodone, a commonly used analgesic preparation, has been linked to rapidly progressing sensorineural hearing loss in human patients. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the ototoxic effects of this drug combination are currently unknown, but are usually associated with high doses of hydrocodone. This study was aimed at identifying the specific agent responsible for hearing loss from toxic killing of cochlear sensory cells.Study DesignDose‐response study.SettingUniversity laboratory and private research facility.Subjects and MethodsMath1 green fluorescent protein neonatal mouse cochlear cultures as well as a mouse auditory cell line (HEI‐OC1) were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of acetaminophen, hydromorphone (the active metabolite of hydrocodone), and the micronutrient L‐carnitine, either alone or combined. Using fluorescent and light microscopy, we quantified the sensory hair cells from a 600‐μm basal segment before and after treatment. Acetaminophen/hydrocodone‐induced apoptosis of HEI‐OC1 was evaluated by caspase 3‐activation studies. Statistically significant cell survival was determined with Student t test and analysis of variance.ResultsCell death was associated mainly with exposure to acetaminophen, was slightly potentiated when combined with hydromorphone, and was partially prevented by L‐carnitine. Exposure to hydrocodone or hydromorphone alone failed to kill either cochlear hair cells or HEI‐OC1 cells.ConclusionOur findings point to acetaminophen, rather than hydrocodone, as the primary cytotoxic agent. Hydrocodone, however, may work synergistically with acetaminophen, increasing the damage to auditory cells. These findings are an important first step toward understanding the mechanism of acetaminophen/hydrocodone ototoxicity and may lead to future treatment strategies for hearing loss from ototoxic medications.
Les rapports d'échange selon Aristote.Éthique à NicomaqueV et VIII-IX
Authors: Campagnolo Gilles , Lagueux Maurice 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis article proposes an interpretation of the chapters of theNicomachean Ethicsconcerning exchange and friendship. Rejecting approaches where Aristotle anticipates modern labour or need-based theories of value, the article claims that those notions of labour and need are required for a satisfactory interpretation of the most obscure passages of Book V. Finally, Aristotle's texts on exchange and friendship are related in such a way that the latter, since it is free from any political considerations, allows us to better understand the philosopher's view on exchange.