bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of radical amputations for extremity tumors: A single institution experience and review of the literature
Authors: Parsons Colin M. , Pimiento Jose M. , Cheong David , Marzban Suroosh S. , Gonzalez Ricardo J. , Johnson David , Letson G. Douglas , Zager Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundMajor amputations are indicated for advanced tumors when limb‐preservation techniques have been exhausted. Radical surgery can result in significant palliation and possible cure.MethodsWe identified 40 patients who underwent forequarter (FQ) or hindquarter (HQ) amputations between May 2000 and January 2011. Patient demographics, tumor‐related factors, and outcomes were reviewed.ResultsThere were 30 FQ and 10 HQ amputations. The most common diagnoses were sarcoma (55%) and squamous cell carcinoma (25%). Patients presented with primary tumors (35%), regional recurrence (57.5%), or unresectable limb metastatic disease (7.5%). Presenting symptoms included fungating wounds (35%), intractable pain (78%), and limb dysfunction (65%). Operations were performed with curative intent (10%), curative/palliative intent (70%), or palliation alone (20%). Wound complications occurred in 35%. Pain was improved in 78% of patients following surgery. Despite a 91% negative margin rate, 79% of patients recurred either locally or distantly. Median overall survival was 10.9, 13.2, and 3.4 months in the curative, curative/palliative, and palliative groups, respectively.ConclusionsIn the absence of conservative options, major amputations are indicated for the management of advanced tumors. These operations can be performed safely, resulting in effective palliation of debilitating symptoms. While recurrence rates remain high, some patients can achieve prolonged survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:149–155. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of nonfluorescent molecules using differential interference contrast thermal lens microscope for extended nanochannel chromatography
Authors: Shimizu Hisashi , Mawatari Kazuma , Kitamori Takehiko 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn ultrasensitive absorbance detector, the differential interference contrast thermal lens microscope (DIC‐TLM), was employed for a chromatography system using silica nanochannel. Recently, separation of ultrasmall volume sample has been strongly required for single‐cell biological and chemical analysis. Previously, we have developed a chromatography system using nanochannels of ∼100 nm scale (extended nanochannels) fabricated on a silica substrate. The extended nanochromatography realized highly efficient separation of samples <1 fL without packing materials. However, its detection method was limited to fluorescence method due to the small volume, and a new detector based on absorbance has been required. On the contrary, we have also developed DIC‐TLM, a photothermal spectrometer based on absorption and thermal relaxation of sample for determination of concentration of nonfluorescent molecules in extended nanochannel. In this paper, we combined the extended nanochromatography and the DIC‐TLM for separation and detection of nonfluorescent dyes. Particularly, basic performances of the DIC‐TLM including quantitative performance and sensitivity were deliberated for injected samples of ∼fL volume.
Surveillance of Epstein-Barr Virus Loads in Adult Liver Transplantation: Associations With Age, Sex, Posttransplant Times, and Transplant Indications†
Authors: Schaffer Kirsten , Hassan Jaythoon , Staines Anthony , Coughlan Suzie , Holder Paul , Tuite Gráinne , McCormick Aiden P. , Traynor Oscar , Hall William W. , Connell Jeff 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a life-threatening complication after adult orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT). Besides EBV and immunosuppression, relatively little is known about the pretransplant clinical parameters associated with the risk of PTLD, and the benefit of using EBV surveillance to predict EBV-associated disease in AOLT patients is uncertain. The aims of this single-center study were to monitor EBV viral loads (VLs) in AOLT patients and to investigate any associations with age, sex, cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus, posttransplant times, and indications for transplantation. 1275 blood samples that were collected from 197 AOLT patients 1 day to more than 15 years after transplantation were investigated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction for EBV and CMV DNA. Seventy-two percent of the patients had EBV DNAemia less than 100 days after transplantation without clinical manifestations. No association was observed between the EBV copy numbers and the time since transplantation. EBV DNAemia was weakly associated with male sex but was not associated with age, CMV serostatus, or indications for AOLT. The highest EBV VL levels were observed in patients who presented with congenital liver diseases, whereas patients with viral hepatitis maintained high EBV VLs after transplantation. None of the patients developed PTLD during the study period; however, 3 patients presented with EBV-associated diseases. In conclusion, EBV DNAemia is common in AOLT patients, and routine EBV surveillance has limited value for predicting EBV-associated morbidity or mortality. Liver Transpl, 2011. © 2011 AASLD.
NATb/NAT1*4 promotes greater arylamine N‐acetyltransferase 1 mediated DNA adducts and mutations than NATa/NAT1*4 following exposure to 4‐aminobiphenyl
Authors: Millner Lori M. , Doll Mark A. , Cai Jian , States J. Christopher , Hein David W. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractN‐acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is a phase II metabolic enzyme responsible for the biotransformation of aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens such as 4‐aminobiphenyl (ABP). NAT1 catalyzes N‐acetylation of arylamines as well as the O‐acetylation of N‐hydroxylated arylamines. O‐acetylation leads to the formation of electrophilic intermediates that result in DNA adducts and mutations. NAT1 is transcribed from a major promoter, NATb, and an alternative promoter, NATa, resulting in mRNAs with distinct 5′‐untranslated regions (UTR). NATa mRNA is expressed primarily in the kidney, liver, trachea, and lung while NATb mRNA has been detected in all tissues studied. To determine if differences in 5′‐UTR have functional effect upon NAT1 activity and DNA adducts or mutations following exposure to ABP, pcDNA5/FRT plasmid constructs were prepared for transfection of full‐length human mRNAs including the 5′‐UTR derived from NATa or NATb, the open reading frame, and 888 nucleotides of the 3′‐UTR. Following stable transfection of NATb/NAT1*4 or NATa/NAT1*4 into nucleotide excision repair (NER) deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells, N‐acetyltransferase activity (in vitro and in situ), mRNA, and protein expression were higher in NATb/NAT1*4 than NATa/NAT1*4 transfected cells (P < 0.05). Consistent with NAT1 expression and activity, ABP‐induced DNA adducts and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase mutants were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in NATb/NAT1*4 than in NATa/NAT1*4 transfected cells following exposure to ABP. These differences observed between NATa and NATb suggest that the 5′‐UTRs are differentially regulated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The predicted truncation from a cancer‐associated variant of the MSH2 initiation codon alters activity of the MSH2‐MSH6 mismatch repair complex
Authors: Cyr Jennifer L. , Brown Graham D. , Stroop Jennifer , Heinen Christopher D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLynch syndrome (LS) is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. MMR recognizes and repairs DNA mismatches and small insertion/deletion loops. Carriers of MMR gene variants have a high risk of developing colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, and other extracolonic carcinomas. We report on an ovarian cancer patient who carries a germline MSH2 c.1A>C variant which alters the translation initiation codon. Mutations affecting the MSH2 start codon have been described previously for LS‐related malignancies. However, the patients often lack a clear family history indicative of LS and their tumors often fail to display microsatellite instability, a hallmark feature of LS. Therefore, the pathogenicity of start codon variants remains undefined. Loss of the MSH2 start codon has been predicted to result in a truncated protein translated from a downstream in‐frame AUG that would lack the first 25 amino acids. We therefore purified recombinant MSH2(NΔ25)‐MSH6 and MSH2(NΔ25)‐MSH3 to examine their DNA lesion recognition and adenosine nucleotide processing functions in vitro. We found that the MSH2(NΔ25) mutant confers distinct biochemical defects on MSH2‐MSH6, but does not have a significant effect on MSH2‐MSH3. We confirmed that expression of the MSH2 c.1A>C cDNA results in the production of multiple protein products in human cells that may include the truncated and full‐length forms of MSH2. An in vivo MMR assay revealed a slight reduction in MMR efficiency in these cells. These data suggest that mutation of the MSH2 initiation codon, while not a strong, high‐risk disease allele, may have a moderate impact on disease phenotype. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tg737 inhibition results in malignant transformation in fetal liver stem/progenitor cells by promoting cell‐cycle progression and differentiation arrest
Authors: You Nan , Liu Weihui , Zhong Xiao , Ji Ru , Zhang Ming , You Houcheng , Dou Kefeng , Tao Kaishan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCancer stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) may originate from the malignant transformation of normal stem cells. However, the mechanism by which normal stem cells undergo such transformation is not understood. Our previous studies provided evidence that Tg737 may play an important role in carcinogenesis of liver stem cells. In this study, we investigated the role of Tg737 in the malignant transformation of fetal liver stem/progenitor cells (FLSPCs). We inhibited Tg737 in FLSPCs using short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The microscopic observations of freshly purified Tg737 normal FLSPCs (nFLSPCs) and Tg737‐silent FLSPCs (sFLSPCs), which showed high expression levels of stem cell markers, revealed no significant morphological changes in sFLSPCs. Following RNAi of Tg737, the mRNA and protein levels of sFLSPCs decreased by 81.81% and 80.10% as shown by PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry analyses. Excluding apoptosis‐related effects, we found that silencing of Tg737 resulted in enhanced cell proliferation through promoting cell‐cycle progression via upregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin B expression (P < 0.05). Silencing of Tg737 also resulted in significant arrest of cell differentiation (P < 0.05), stable expression of both albumin (ALB) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (P > 0.05) and quiescent ultrastructure. Assessment of cell malignant traits by transwell migration assays and by growth of xenograft tumors in athymic mice showed that reduced expression of Tg737 greatly promoted cell invasion and hepatocarcinogenesis of FLSPCs (P < 0.05). This work shows that inactivation of Tg737 may play an important role in malignant transformation of FLSPCs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mathematical Modeling of Hyperbranched Water‐soluble Polymers with Applications in Drug Delivery
Authors: Zargar Amin , Chang Kai , Taite Lakeshia J. , Schork F. Joseph 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlthough the method of moments has been used to determine the properties of copolymerizations, accounting for branching has either been ignored or required multiple dimensions to simulate. In this work, we extend our previous modeling efforts to account for hyperbranching, a form of polymerization that is particularly useful in the synthesis of targeted delivery vehicles capable of encapsulating drugs for localized therapeutics, without invoking higher dimension moment treatments. Specifically, the case of RAFT polymerization with a polymerizable double bond incorporated into the RAFT agent is modeled. This gives a very highly‐branched material without the complexity of dendrimer synthesis. The model is then used to simulate three copolymerizations that illustrate the power of this model to accurately predict the copolymer properties and illustrate the polydispersity of the individual segments of the hyperbranched polymer, and the overall hyperbranched polymer. This paper models three different hyperbranched copolymer blends: acrylamide–acrylic acid, acrylonitrile–methacrylic acid, and ethylene–styrene. The first case is of specific interest in the development of hyperbranched polymers for drug delivery. The other two are included in order to explore the effects of specific kinetics on branching. magnified image
Twitch potentiation after voluntary contraction and neuromuscular electrical stimulation at various frequencies in human quadriceps femoris
Authors: Miyamoto Naokazu , Fukutani Atsuki , Yanai Toshimasa , Kawakami Yasuo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroduction: In this study we aimed to compare the extent of twitch potentiation (TP) after voluntary contraction and percutaneous electrical stimulation of muscles (neuromuscular electrical stimulation: NMES) with various stimulation frequencies at equivalent target levels. Methods: Isometric knee extensions of 10 s were performed at a 40% maximal voluntary contraction level by voluntary or NMES conditioning contractions at 20, 40, and 80 HZof the quadriceps femoris muscle. Twitch responses were elicited by stimulating the femoral nerve transcutaneously at supramaximal intensity. Results: NMES at 80 HZinduced significantly less TP (128.7 ± 17.1%) than voluntary contraction (156.2 ± 23.1%), whereas no statistical difference was found in TP among voluntary and 20‐ and 40‐HZNMES conditioning contractions (170.8 ± 21.1% and 162.7 ± 16.9% for 20‐ and 40‐HZNMES, respectively). Conclusion: Stimulation frequency of NMES determines whether NMES can induce TP comparable to that after voluntary contraction. Muscle Nerve 45: 110–115, 2012
Granulomatous myositis associated with brucellosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kojan Suleiman , Alothman Adel , Althani Ziad , Alshehri Ali , Mansour Nouf , Khathaami Ali , Haider Abdulrazzaq , Al‐Jumah Mohammed 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBrucellosis, a multisystem infectious disorder, continues to be a serious public health problem in some parts of the world. Neurobrucellosis constitutes about 4% of all brucellosis cases. Brucellosis‐associated myositis is extremely rare, and there is only 1 reported case in the English literature. We report a 16‐year‐old boy with subacute, fluctuating, progressive muscle pain, with tenderness, swelling, and diffuse, asymmetric weakness. He also had significantly elevated serum Brucella titers and a muscle biopsy showed inflammatory granulomatous myositis. We review the literature on myositis associated with brucellosis. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Effective zone of botulinum toxin a injections in hallux claw toe syndrome: An anatomical study
Authors: Lee Je‐Hun , Han Seung‐Ho , Ye Jun‐Feng , Lee Be‐Na , An Xiaochun , Kwon Seong‐Oh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical location of the motor points of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and brevis (FHB) muscles for an effective motor point block. Methods: Twenty cadavers were used for this study. For the FHL, we identified the line between the medial and lateral epicondyle of the femur and the line joining the prominent point on the surface of the medial malleolus of the tibia and the lateral malleolus of the fibula. For the FHB, we identified the line between the middle–lowest point of the great toe and the middle–lowest point of the sole of the foot. Results: The dense area of the motor points was located at 40–70% for the FHL and 50–70% for the FHB. Conclusion: An injection area of 50–60% on the reference line for the FHL and FHB is suggested. Muscle Nerve, 2012
Effects of fatigue on motor unit firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationships
Authors: Stock Matt S. , Beck Travis W. , Defreitas Jason M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of fatigue on the average firing rate versus recruitment threshold relationships for the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis. Methods: Nineteen subjects performed ten maximum voluntary contractions of the dominant leg extensors. Before and after this fatiguing protocol, the subjects performed a trapezoid isometric muscle action of the leg extensors, and bipolar surface electromyographic signals were detected from both muscles. These signals were then decomposed into individual motor unit action potential trains. For each subject and muscle, the relationship between average firing rate and recruitment threshold was examined using linear regression analyses. Results: For the VL, the linear slope coefficients and y‐intercepts for these relationships increased and decreased, respectively, after fatigue. For both muscles, many of the motor units decreased their firing rates. Conclusion: With fatigue, recruitment of higher threshold motor units resulted in an increase in slope for the VL. Muscle Nerve 45: 100–109, 2012
Differences in capillary architecture, hemodynamics, and angiogenic factors in rat slow and fast plantarflexor muscles
Authors: Fujino Hidemi , Kondo Hiroyo , Murakami Shinichiro , Nagatomo Fumiko , Fujita Naoto , Takeda Isao , Ishihara Akihiko , Roy Roland R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroduction:The capillary architecture in skeletal muscles is unique in that it has anastomoses that interconnect individual capillaries.Methods:We used new techniques to measure velocity of red blood cells (VRBC) in both capillaries and anastomoses in situ. The volume of capillaries/anastomoses was determined, and the levels of several angiogenic regulators were compared between the soleus and the superficial gastrocnemius (LGsup).Results:The VRBC in both capillaries and anastomoses was slower in soleus than in LGsup. The numbers of capillaries and anastomoses were higher, diameter of capillaries smaller, and tortuosity greater in soleus than in LGsup. Consequently, the capillary/anastomoses volume was larger in soleus than in LGsup. Furthermore, several angiogenic regulators (HIF‐1α, VEGF, Flt‐1, KDR, angiopoietin‐1 and ‐2, and Tie‐2) were higher in soleus than in LGsup.Conclusion:The differences in microvascular architecture, VRBC, and levels of angiogenic regulators between soleus and LGsup reflect the greater oxygen demands of the highly active soleus muscle. Muscle Nerve, 2012
A FE‐BE coupling for a fluid‐structure interaction problem: Hierarchical a posteriori error estimates
Authors: Domínguez Catalina , Stephan Ernst P. , Maischak Matthias 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this article, we establish a hierarchical a posteriori error estimate for a coupling of finite elements and boundary elements for a fluid‐structure interaction problem posed in two and three dimensions. These methods combine boundary elements for the exterior fluid and finite elements for the elastic structure. We consider two weak formulations, a nonsymmetric one and a symmetric one, which are both uniquely solvable. We present the reliability and efficiency of the error estimates. For the two dimensional case, we compute local error indicators which allow us to develop an adaptive mesh refinement strategy on triangles. For the three dimensional case, we use hexahedrons as elements. Numerical experiments underline our theoretical results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2012
Screening for personality disorder in probationers: Validation of the Standardised Assessment of Personality—Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS)
Authors: Pluck G. , Sirdifield C. , Brooker C. , Moran P. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTPersonality disorder (PD) is an important indicator of future recidivism, and a brief assessment of PD would be of great value to those working in the criminal justice system. There is insufficient research on PD among probation populations. We examined the concurrent validity of a mini‐interview for PD, the Standardised Assessment of Personality—Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), by comparing its performance with that of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Personality Disorders (SCID‐II) in a sample of 40 individuals on probation in Lincolnshire, UK. The SCID‐II identified 30/40 (75%) of the sample as having a PD. The most common category was antisocial PD, for which 20/40 (50%) were positive. A cut score of 3 on the SAPAS produced a good balance of sensitivity (0.73) and specificity (0.9) for case identification. We conclude that the SAPAS is a valid screening tool for PD among those on probation and is of potential value to those working in the criminal justice system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring photopolymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate using a quartz crystal resonator
Authors: Kim Byoung Chul , Kim Young Han 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe UV photopolymerization of trimethylolpropane triacrylate with a photoinitiator of 2‐ethylanthraquinone is monitored using the variation of resonant resistance of a quartz crystal resonator to investigate the polymerization kinetics. The roles of initiator concentration and irradiation time are experimentally examined, and it is found that two different kinetics are involved in the photopolymerization. The initiator radicals produced by the UV light proceed the polymerization as long as the monomer remains even after the UV illumination has stopped. The experimental results indicate that the photopolymerization has the first‐order kinetics at the first‐ and the zeroth‐order kinetics followed. With the high concentration of initiator the polymerization occurs in the first‐order kinetics only, and so does with long irradiation time. The polymerization constants of the first and zeroth‐order kinetics are estimated from monitoring monomer amounts at different polymerization conditions. The photopolymerization is characterized with the FTIR spectroscopy. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Structure modification and annealing effect of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells based on polyfluorene derivatives
Authors: Lee Jung‐Feng , Hsu Steve Lien‐Chung , Lee Po‐I , Chuang Hung‐Yi , Chen Jen‐Sue , Chou Wei‐Yang 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThree low bandgap polyfluorene copolymers containing a donor–acceptor–donor moiety have been synthesized via Suzuki and Stille polymerization reactions. Their bandgaps and molecular energy levels (highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) varied with different polymerization methods. The molecular weight of the copolymer increased significantly through copolymerizing with a monomer having a long alkyl side chain. In order to investigate their photovoltaic properties, polymer solar cell devices based on the copolymers were fabricated with a structure of indium tin oxide/poly(styrene sulfonic acid)‐doped poly(ethylene dioxythiophene)/copolymers:[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/LiF/Al under the illumination of AM 1.5G, 100 mW/cm2. We found that the annealing temperature had a profound effect on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices with a blend of poly[9,9‐didodecylfluorene‐alt‐(bis‐thienylene) benzothiadiazole] (PF12‐TBT) and PCBM. The PCE of the solar cell based on PF12‐TBT/PCBM (1:4) annealing at 70 °C for 20 min was 4.13% with an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.02 V, fill factor of 55.9%, and a short‐circuit current (Jsc) of 7.24 mA/cm2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011