bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
β‐tricalcium phosphate in the early phase of socket healing: an experimental study in the dog
Authors: Araújo Mauricio G. , Liljenberg Birgitta , Lindhe Jan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this experiment was to analyze processes involved in the incorporation of β‐tricalcium phospate (TCP) particles in host tissue during healing following tooth extraction and grafting.Material and methods: Five beagle dogs were used. Four premolars in the maxilla (3P3, 2P2) were hemi‐sected, the distal roots were removed and the fresh extraction socket filled with TCP. The tooth extraction and grafting procedures were scheduled in such a way that biopsies representing 1 and 3 days, as well as 1, 2, and 4 weeks of healing could be obtained. Tissue elements such as cells, fibers, vessels, leukocytes and mineralized bone were determined. In deparaffinized sections structures and cells that expressed Tratarate resistant acid phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and osteopontin were identified by the use of markers.Results: The porosities of the TCP particles were initially filled with erythrocytes that subsequently were replaced with mineralized bone. Some of the graft material was invaded by mesenchymal and inflammatory cells and disintegrated. Thus, small membrane bound granules appeared in the granulation tissue and the provisional matrix. In the process of hard tissue formation, partly mineralized (modified) TCP particles became surrounded by ridges of woven bone.Conclusions: It was demonstrated that the early healing of an extraction socket that had been grafted with β‐TCP involved (i) the formation of a coagulum that was (ii) replaced with granulation tissue and a provisional matrix in which (iii) woven bone could form. In this process the biomaterial was apparently involved. To cite this article:
Araújo MG, Liljenberg B, Lindhe J. β‐tricalcium phosphate in the early phase of socket healing: an experimental study in the dog. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 445–454. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01876.x
Early Christianity and the Discourse of Empire in the First Three Centuries CE
Authors: Frilingos Chris 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDid the setting of the Roman Empire make a difference to the way that early Christian texts defined or, more precisely, invented the religion of Christianity? If so, are traces of this difference perceptible in the writings of early Christians? The scholarship assembled here, generally speaking, answers both questions affirmatively: the context of empire affected the way that early Christians talked about themselves, others, and the world they inhabited. The study of the self‐definition of early Christians, this research contends, cannot be undertaken without recognizing the distinctive kinds of knowledge (of Self and Other) engendered by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire. The work is separated out under three rubrics: spectacle, borderlines, and mimicry. These categories reflect patterns that have emerged in the study of early Christian texts as they contributed to, appropriated, refracted, and resisted the discourse of empire in the first three centuries of the Common Era.
Apoptosis‐accommodating Effect of Nitric Oxide in Photodynamically Stressed Tumor Cells
Authors: Niziolek‐Kierecka Magdalena , Pilat Anna , Korytowski Witold , Girotti Albert W. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractUsing a 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐photodynamic therapy model, we have discovered a new effect of nitric oxide (NO)—the ability to accommodate apoptosis. When sensitized by disseminated ALA‐generated protoporphyrin IX, COH‐BR1 tumor cells in glucose‐containing medium died mainly by necrosis with a low level of apoptosis. Introduced before light at a nontoxic concentration, the NO donor SPNO inhibited necrosis, but supported apoptosis such that the latter became predominant in the remaining cell death. Accompanying this was a large increase in caspase‐3/7 activation. SPNO‐supported apoptosis was more pronounced when glucose‐deprived cells were compared with glucose‐replenished, SPNO‐treated counterparts. SPNO plus glucose also suppressed plasma membrane‐damaging lipid peroxidation and loss of cellular ATP under photostress. The NO effect is attributed to membrane protection with maintenance of sufficient glycolytic ATP to sustain apoptosis.
Assessing the Effect of Data Collection Mode on Measurement
Authors: Jäckle Annette , Roberts Caroline , Lynn Peter 
Published: March 2010

Summary This paper discusses the challenges in assessing the effects of mixed modes on measurement. We briefly review theories about why different modes of data collection can lead to differences in survey responses and statistical methods typically used to assess mode effects. We then discuss the challenges, including which mode effects are identified, how to test for mode effects, and whether these would affect substantive conclusions. The issues raised are illustrated with examples from the European Social Survey, which is conducting a programme of experimental research to inform decisions about whether to use mixed modes of data collection. The paper concludes with general implications for mixed modes research.
Optic disc appearance and retinal temporal vessel arcade geometry in high myopia, as based on follow‐up data over 38 years
Authors: Fledelius Hans C. , Goldschmidt Ernst 
Published: March 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To discuss (i) optic disc appearance and (ii) the retinal course of the temporal vessel arcade in a longitudinal series of high myopia patients followed between the ages of 16 and 54.Methods:  Thirty‐nine individuals from a 1948 Copenhagen birth cohort (n = 9243) who had myopia of −6 to −15 D when aged 14 years were invited for current follow‐up exams with 7–10‐year intervals. Fundus photos were available from up to five occasions over 38 years, and single eye photo collages were studied with respect to posterior pole changes over time.Results:  Fifty‐two eyes with high myopia were available. (i) Contrary to the expected predominance of large flat optic discs in long eyes, more than half the eyes in the sample had neurodiscs that were perceived to be small; many were also oval/kinked/tilted and with minimum or absent physiological cups. Among the fellow eyes with unilateral high myopia only one out of the 10 discs appeared as small/tilted. (ii) By age, a more acute angle between upper and lower temporal retinal vessel trunks was found in 12/20 eyes with adult myopia progression (change over time 5–23°) and in 6/24 eyes with stable myopia. In the myopia‐progression subgroup, peaking of the angle was correlated with myopia degree, myopia increase and axial elongation.Conclusion:  Contrary to clinical expectation, we found neurodiscs that appeared to be small and dense in eyes with high myopia. We further discussed the eventual peaking of the angle between the temporal vessel arcades that is sometimes observed in high myopia. Occasionally, literature on myopia reports the presence of small and tilted discs whereas no mention was found of the issue of temporal vessel arcade peaking.
Identifying and overcoming the potential barriers to the adoption of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery
Authors: Schwaitzberg S. D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNatural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an emerging innovative approach to performing minimally invasive surgical procedures. In its full potential, the concept of incisionless surgery will have mass appeal to patients. However, the barriers to adopting NOTES will have to be overcome before widespread acceptance of these techniques can occur. These potential barriers include infection, visceral leakage, difficulties in tissue manipulation, and increased cost. The history of surgical innovation has continuously overcome similar problems in other settings, and all of these potential obstacles are likely solvable. Training surgeons will be an additional barrier that will need to be overcome, but this obstacle will need to be approached differently than when laparoscopy was introduced, as standards are higher today for privileging and credentialing in most hospitals than 20 years ago. Alternative technologies that were not adopted prior to the introduction of NOTES may now appear more viable making the competitive environment more complex. Increased funding for comparative effectiveness studies and training for competency in innovation will also need original solutions, but are clearly in our patients' best interest.
Systemic Mastocytosis in 16 Dogs
Authors: O'Keefe Deborah A. , Couto C. Guillermo , Burke‐Schwartz Cheryl , Jacobs Robert M. 
Published: March 2010

The clinical and pathologic features of systemic mastocytosis in 16 dogs are reported. There was no apparent breed or sex predilection, and the median age at presentation was 9.5 years. In 14 of 16 cases there was a primary cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT). When cutaneous tumor location was compared with previous reports, there was no association between location and systemic dissemination. The most common presenting signs associated with the cutaneous tumor were regional dissemination, edema, ulceration, and abscessation. They were present in 12 dogs (69%). Signs of systemic illness, including anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea, were seen in eight dogs (50%). Other than the cutaneous tumors, the most consistent physical and radiographic abnormalities included lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Eosinophilia and basophilia were seen in two and five dogs, respectively. Six dogs had increased numbers of mast cells in peripheral blood or buffy coat smears. Five of the nine dogs evaluated had increased numbers of mast cells in bone marrow aspirates. Bone marrow aspiration was superior to both peripheral blood and buffy coat smears in predicting mastocytosis. Coagulation abnormalities were seen in three of five dogs tested.Using a conventional histomorphologic grading system, 10 of 13 (77%) tumors were classified as Grade III or undifferentiated and were overrepresented when compared with previous reports of cutaneous MCTs. Eighty‐eight percent of the dogs either died or were euthanatized because of their tumors. Organs commonly involved at necropsy included lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow; four dogs had gastroduodenal ulcers.
The Influence of Castration on the Development of Prostatic Carcinoma in the Dog 43 Cases (1978–1985)
Authors: Obradovich Joyce , Walshaw Richard , Goullaud Eric 
Published: March 2010

Prostatic carcinoma (PC) was diagnosed in 43 dogs at the Michigan State University Veterinary Clinical Center (MSU‐VCC) between 1978 and 1985. Of the 43 dogs with histologically confirmed PC, 19 (44.19%) had been castrated at least three years prior to the development of any prostatic disease. Seven of the castrates had been neutered at less than 12 months of age. Fourteen dogs (32.55%) were presented as intact males at the time of diagnosis. The remaining ten dogs (23.62%) had been castrated as treatment for presumptive prostatic disease prior to referral to the MSU‐VCC. Dates of castration were known in all cases. In this study, therefore, castration at any age showed no sparing effect on the risk of development of PC in the dog.The etiology of PC in the dog may not be exclusively related to testicular hormones. Work in humans suggests that the adrenal and pituitary glands play a significant role in the disease. Preliminary work in dogs supports that nontesticular androgens exert a significant influence on the canine prostate.
Selected Aspects of the Clinical Pharmacology of Visceral Analgesics and Gut Motility Modifying Drugs in the Horse
Authors: Kohn Catherine W. , III William W. Muir 
Published: March 2010

Comparison of the visceral analgesic effects of xylazine, morphine, butorphanol, pentazocine, meperidine, dipyrone, and flunixin in a cecal distention model of colic pain indicated that xylazine produces the most relief from abdominal discomfort. Repeated administration of xylazine may reduce visceral pain so effectively that the seriousness of abdominal disease is obscured. Xylazine decreased propulsive motility in the jejunum and pelvic flexure of healthy ponies. Morphine and butorphanol also gave relief from visceral pain in the cecal distention model. Morphine may inhibit colonic, and butophanol jejunal, motility. Whether xylazine or opiate mediated decreases in gut motility cause clinically important slowing of ingesta transit is controversial and requires further investigation. The development of behavioral changes (i.e., apprehension and pawing) in horses given opiate therapy may limit the use of these drugs. Combinations of xylazine and morphine or butorphanol produce excellent, safe, visceral analgesia and sedation without untoward behavioral effects. Although flunixin fails to demonstrate good visceral analgesic effects in the cecal distention model, this drug produces analgesia in some cases of colic by blocking prostaglandin mediated induction of pain.Improvement of propulsive gut motility in patients with ileus may follow administration of neostigmine (which is particularly effective when the large bowel is hypomotile), naloxone (which experimentally stimulates propulsive colonic motility), and metoclopramide (which stimulates stomach and proximal small intestinal motility).
A Retrospective Study of Aldosterone Secretion in Normal and Adrenopathic Dogs
Authors: Golden Dennis L. , Jr Clinton D. Lothrop 
Published: March 2010

A retrospective study on stored plasma from normal dogs and dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadre‐nocorticism (PDH), pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism controlled by mitotane (o, p'‐DDD),* iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism, and hypoadrenocorticism was conducted to determine if alterations in aldosterone production exist in these disorders. The plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was measured by radioimmunoassay immediately before and 1 hour after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)† administration (0.5 IU/kg, intravenously [IV]).PACs increased significantly when ACTH was administered to normal dogs. Dogs with PDH had a lower baseline PAC, but their PAC increased to levels similar to that of normal dogs after ACTH administration. In dogs with PDH controlled by o, p'‐DDD therapy, the response to ACTH was significantly less than that of normal dogs or dogs with untreated PDH. Dogs with iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism had a lower baseline and post‐ACTH PAC than normal dogs. Dogs with hypoadrenocorticism had a normal basal PAC, but showed no significant increase in PAC following ACTH administration.These findings suggest that PACs are significantly altered in a variety of adrenal diseases, and that the ACTH stimulation test may be useful when evaluating aldosterone secretion in adrenopathic disorders. In addition, at therapeutic dosages, o, p'‐DDD treatment was associated with a decrease in basal and post‐ACTH PACs in dogs with PDH.
Cholestasis Associated With Extrahepatic Bacterial Infection in Five Dogs
Authors: Taboada Joseph , Meyer D. J. 
Published: March 2010

Intrahepatic cholestasis associated with severe extrahepatic bacterial infection is well recognized in humans. A similar syndrome is not well characterized in veterinary medicine. Five dogs with severe extrahepatic bacterial infection that developed histologically confirmed intrahepatic cholestasis were selected from the authors' case files.The types of infections included pneumonia, peritonitis secondary to a rectal tear, urinary tract infection, bite wounds, and vegetative endocarditis.Escherichia coliwas involved in two of the dogs, mixed infection in one dog, and a gram‐positive cocci in the other two dogs. Total bilirubin concentrations ranged from 3.5 to 33.5 mg/dl. Serum liver enzyme activities showed only mild to moderate increases: alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 41–750 IU/1), alanine aminotransferase (ALT, 25–235 IU/1), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 99–255 IU/1). Fasting serum bile acids concentration was markedly elevated in the one dog in which it was measured (259 μmol/1). Histologically, the cholestasis was characterized by bile pigment accumulation in hepatocytes, canaliculi, and/or Kupffer's cells. Inflammatory parenchymal changes, when present, were minimal.The findings of hyperbilirubinemia, only a slight increase in the liver enzyme activities, and minimal inflammatory changes in liver tissue specimens in the five dogs with extrahepatic bacterial infections are similar to the findings in intrahepatic cholestasis associated with extrahepatic bacterial infection in humans. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1989; 3:216–221)
Canine Hyperadrenocorticism Due to Adrenocortical Neoplasia: Pretreatment Evaluation of 41 Dogs
Authors: Reusch Claudia E. , Feldman Edward C. 
Published: March 2010

This retrospective study identifies parameters that might separate dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical tumors from dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Further, an attempt was made to identify factors that could separate dogs with adrenocortical adenomas from dogs with carcinomas. The records of 41 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia were reviewed. The history, physical examination, urinalysis, hemogram (CBC), chemistry profile adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulation and low dose dexamethasone test results were typical of the nonspecific diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism. The preceding information on the 41 dogs with adrenocortical tumors was compared with that from 44 previously diagnosed pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticoid dogs. There was no parameter which aided in separating these two groups of dogs.Thirty dogs with adrenocortical tumors were tested with a high‐dose dexamethasone test and none had suppressed plasma Cortisol concentrations 8 hours after IV administration of 0.1 mg/kg of dexamethasone. In 29 of the 41 adrenal tumor dogs, plasma endogenous ACTH was not detectable on at least one measurement (< 20 pg/ml). The remaining 12 dogs from this group had nondiagnostic concentrations (20–45 pg/ml). Thirteen of 22 dogs (59%) with adrenocortical carcinomas had adrenal masses identified on abdominal radiographs and seven of 13 dogs (54%) with adrenocortical adenomas had radiographically visible adrenal masses. Thirteen of 17 adrenocortical carcinomas (76%) and five of eight adenomas (62%) were identified with ultrasonography. Radiographs of the thorax and ultrasonography of the abdomen identified most of the dogs (8 of 11) with metastatic lesions.In conclusion, the most sensitive tests in distinguishing dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism from dogs with adrenocortical tumors were the plasma endogenous ACTH concentrations, abdominal radiography, and abdominal ultrasonography. None of these three tests alone, however, were completely reliable, suggesting the potential need for review of several tests when attempting to separate dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism from those with adrenocortical tumors. Recognition of metastatic lesions with radiography and/or ultrasonography was the only parameter that separated dogs with adenomas from dogs with carcinomas.
Renal Clearance, Urinary Excretion of Endogenous Substances, and Urinary Diagnostic Indices in Healthy Neonatal Foals
Authors: Brewer Barbara D. , Clement Stephane F. , Lotz W. Stephen , Gronwall Ronald 
Published: March 2010

Urine (U) and serum (S) were obtained every 2 hours during a 12‐ or 24‐hour period from eight healthy 96‐hour‐old pony or horse foals. Dams' milk samples were obtained concurrently. Urine volume was measured during this 12‐ or 24‐hour period. The mean amount of urine produced was 148 ± 20 ml/kg/day. Baseline urinalyses were evaluated on all foals at two days of age, before any manipulation. Urine generally was dilute (< 1.008) but the specific gravity was as high as 1.027 in one normal foal. Continuous (12 or 24 hour) urinary catheterization resulted in bactiuria but not white blood cells in the urine. Prolonged catheterization did not cause foals to become febrile or exhibit clinical signs of cystitis or other illness.Urinary electrolyte excretion, urinary electrolyte clearances, and fractional electrolyte excretions (FE) were measured. When compared with normal values reported in adult horses, excretion, clearance, and FE were similar for sodium (Na) but higher for potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca). There were no significant differences between data collected during different time periods, and it was concluded that the use of single sample urine/serum estimates of fractional excretion in the neonatal foal was an appropriate indicator of the renal handling of electrolytes, and when viewed in conjunction with urinalysis and other serum parameters, a valuable aid to evaluating renal function.
Acute and Short‐Term Hemodynamic, Echocardiography, and Clinical Effects of Enalapril Maleate in Dogs With Naturally Acquired Heart Failure: Results of the Invasive Multicenter PROspective Veterinary Evaluation of Enalapril Study: The IMPROVE Study Group
Authors: Sisson D. David 
Published: March 2010

The efficacy of enalapril maleate in dogs with naturally acquired class III or class IV heart failure was evaluated in a multicenter study. Fifty‐eight dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy (35 dogs), mitral regurgitation (22 dogs), or aortic regurgitation (1 dog) receiving conventional therapy for heart failure (furosemide with or without digoxin) were included in a randomized double‐blind study. Thirty‐one dogs received enalapril tablets PO at approximately 0.5 mg/kg body weight bid, and 27 dogs received placebo tablets PO bid. Physical, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, echocardiographic, radiographic, and clinical examinations were performed on each dog before treatment and at the end of the approximately 21‐day study.After treatment on day 0, the enalapril‐treated dogs had significantly (P< .05) lower heart rate, mean systemic arterial blood pressure, and mean pulmonary arterial blood pressure than the placebo‐treated dogs. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was marginally decreased (P= .0567) in the enalapril‐treated dogs. When compared with those in the placebo‐treated dogs, scores for pulmonary edema were significantly (P= .05) decreased on day 2 in the enalapril‐treated dogs. At the end of the study, enalapriltreated dogs had significantly (P= .05) greater decreases in class of heart failure, pulmonary edema score, and mobility score relative to baseline, and had significantly (P= .05) better overall evaluation scores when compared with the placebo‐treated dogs. This study shows the beneficial hemodynamic and clinical effects of adding enalapril to conventional therapy for dogs with heart failure.
Relationship of Lower Urinary Tract Signs to Seropositivity for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus in Cats
Authors: Barsanti Jeanne A. , Brown John , Marks Amanda , Reece Lynn , Greene Craig E. , Finco Delmar R. 
Published: March 2010

A group of 41 cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease was compared to a group of 41 cats without any history of disease for prevalence of seropositivity for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The group of healthy cats was similar in age and gender to the group of cats with signs of lower urinary tract disease. Three of the cats with lower urinary tract disease and one control cat were seropositive for FIV.This difference was not statistically significant. The most common cause of lower urinary tract signs was idiopathic. Only 7 cats had urinary tract infection, most associated with perineal urethrostomy or catheterization. Six of the cats with bacterial urinary tract infections were FIV negative.J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:34–38. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.