bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the partial discharge characteristics induced by the motion of cellulose particles in transformer oil
Authors: Liu Yijin , Zhao Tao , Liu Yunpeng , Liu Yunuo , Jiaxue Xu , Yang Chaojie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCellulose particles present a significant concern within the oil‐paper insulation of transformers, posing potential risks to insulation performance. Under the influence of the electric field, the movement of cellulose particles can compromise the transformer's insulation, leading to potential failure. An experimental platform was established to synchronously record particle motion images, partial discharge (PD) pulses, and electric voltage waveforms in oil, aiming to observe the PD characteristics resulting from particle motion under alternating current (AC) voltage and investigate the relationship between different particle motion modes, motion positions, and PD signals. The findings reveal that the phase distribution of PD signals is correlated with the particle motion mode. Specifically, the phase distribution of PD pulses during the back‐and‐forth motion mode is between 4°–94° and 182°–275°. In the suspended oscillation motion mode, the PD pulses phase is concentrated between 20°–84° and 203°–268°. The generation of PD pulses is closely linked to the particle's motion position. PD pulses occur when the particle remains on the electrode during the back‐and‐forth motion mode, generally, PD pulses rarely occur during the jumping process between the two electrodes. In the suspended oscillation motion mode, PD pulses occur when the particle moves upward, but generally do not occur during downward movement. Furthermore, the Pulse Sequence Analysis technique was used to employ the PD characteristics caused by particle motion in transformer oil. The simulation calculations of the electric field distribution for two different particle motion modes show that the particle's motion can cause distortion of the electric field distribution, leading to the generation of PD. The study of the PD characteristics at different particle motion modes and positions obtained contributes to a deeper understanding of the PD induced by cellulose particle motion under AC voltage and provides a reference for the insulation evaluation of transformers.
Optimized ultra high voltage gain DC–DC converter with current stress reduction for photovoltaic application
Authors: ALgamluoli Ammar Falah , Wu Xiaohua , Jahanger Hayder K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a non‐isolated DC‐DC converter designed to validate ultra‐high voltage gain using a modified double boost mode. The objective is to achieve exceptionally high voltage gain by integrating a modified triple boost technique (MTBT), interleaved with second main and auxiliary third MOSFETs, and a modified switched inductor‐capacitor (MSLC), effectively doubling the voltage transfer gain. Furthermore, MSLC is combined with the auxiliary third and double main MOSFET to double the voltage gain while concurrently mitigating voltage stress on the auxiliary MOSFET and diodes in the proposed converter (the PC). Additionally, all diodes in the MTBT operate under zero current switching (ZCS) and the double main and auxiliary third MOSFET face very low current stress at ultra‐high voltage gain. The input current of the PC remains steady without pulsating at a low duty ratio, making the PC more suitable for renewable energy systems. The PC offers numerous advantages, exhibiting high efficiency and ensuring minimal voltage stress on power devices with low current stress on the power switches. Notably, PC aims to elevate input voltages from 30 V to a variable output range of 335 to 600 V, delivering 440 watts at 96.1% efficiency.
Electromagnetic field coupled circuits and open‐loop control of fast starting processes in induction motors
Authors: Zhang Huixian , Zhang Kunlun , Xu Nan , Luo Cheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo solve the problems of difficulty in speed measurement and low accuracy of speed measurement of induction motor (IM) during fast starting, the electromagnetic field coupling circuit (EFCC) and open‐loop control of IM considering rapid speed change are proposed. First, the EFCC of IM is established through the stator circuit, air gap magnetic field circuit and rotor circuit, and the stator voltage and electromagnetic torque of the fast starting process are deduced from the air gap magnetic density on the basis of constant slip angular velocity, and then the open‐loop control method based on the EFCC is given. Finally, compared with the open‐loop control based on the TEC, the results of simulation and experiment show that the open‐loop control based on the EFCC can follow the acceleration starting more quickly and the starting current is smaller, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the drive.
Synchrotron polarization with a partially random magnetic field: General approach and application to X-ray polarization from supernova remnants
Authors: Bandiera Rino , Petruk Oleh 
Published: June 2024

Context. Diagnostics based on the polarization properties of the synchrotron emission can provide precious information on both the ordered structure and the random level of the magnetic field. While this issue has already been analyzed in the radio band, the polarization data recently obtained by the mission IXPE have shown the need to extend this analysis to the X-ray band.
Aims. While our immediate targets are young supernova remnants, the scope of this analysis is wider. Our aim is to extend the analysis to particle energy distributions more complex than a power law, and to investigate a wider range of cases involving a composition of ordered and random magnetic fields.
Methods. Since an analytical approach is only possible in a limited number of cases, we devised for this purpose an optimized numerical scheme, and we directly used it to investigate particle energy distributions in the form of a power law with an exponential or super-exponential cutoff. We also considered a general combination of an ordered field plus an anisotropic random component.
Results. We show that the previously derived analytic formulae, valid for power-law distributions, may also be good approximations of the polarization degree in the more general case with a cutoff, as typically seen in X-rays. We explicitly analyzed the young supernova remnants SN 1006, Tycho, and Cas A. In particular, for SN 1006 we proved the consistency between the radio and X-ray polarization degrees, favoring the case of a predominantly random field with an anisotropic distribution. In addition, for the power-law case we investigated the effect of a compression on ordered and on random magnetic field components, aimed at describing the mid-age radio supernova remnants.
Conclusions. This work allows a more efficient exploitation of radio and X-ray measurements of the synchrotron polarization, and is addressed to present observations with IXPE and to future projects.
Structural Transformation Through a Multi-vector Geo-economic Governance? BRI and Upgrading of the Uzbek Gas Industry
Authors: Lombardozzi Lorena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGas is a strategic source of energy and Uzbekistan ranks 11th in the world for mining and 14th for reserves. The article investigates whether and how the BRI and Chinese capital have contributed to Uzbek structural transformation in the gas industry. It argues that although the Chinese BRI seems to adopt an extractive approach to acquire natural resources, its interventions are also an opportunity for multi-directional forms of upgrading in the gas sector, both directly and indirectly. Directly, first the Chinese involvement as a consumer has reconfigured geo-economic power relations around gas. Secondly, there is an unprecedented support by China to national infrastructure development, both as a lender and a producer. Thirdly, China is the main source of machineries to enable energy transmission. Despite these factors, BRI and the Chinese presence are contributing only marginally to upgrading. A coordinated industrial strategy coming from the Uzbek state remains a necessary condition for structural transformation.
Reconceptualising the EU-member states relationship in the age of permanent emergency
Authors: Ladi Stella , Polverari Laura 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince 2008, the European Union (EU) has been engulfed in several crises. While distinct, these crises are feeding into each other and are testing the capacity and resilience of EU and member states, bringing forward common policy questions and new forms of cooperation. The permanent character of this state of crisis has made analysts talk about our times as the age of permacrisis. As a result, a trend towards a new mode of ‘coordinative Europeanization’ in EU decision-making has been observed since the Covid-19 crisis. In this paper we first define the new mode of coordinative Europeanization and outline its key features. We argue that the recent crises have altered the EU member states’ relationship in pursuit of fast policy responses. We analyse the reasons behind this changing relationship as well as the possible avenues it may take. We then discuss the challenges caused by coordinative Europeanization and how it relates to pre-existing de-Europeanization tendencies. We close the paper with an analysis of the significance of our findings and we propose new avenues for research.
Broadband mid-infrared photodetectors utilizing two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures with parallel-stacked pn junctions
Authors: Luo Chen , Wu Jianfeng , Zhang Xinlei , Fu Qiang , Wang Wenhui , Yu Yuanfang , Zeng Peiyu , Ni Zhenhua , Zhang Jialin , Lu Junpeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Optimizing the width of depletion region is a key consideration in designing high performance photovoltaic photodetectors, as the electron-hole pairs generated outside the depletion region cannot be effectively separated, leading to a negligible contribution to the overall photocurrent. However, currently reported photovoltaic mid-infrared photodetectors based on two-dimensional heterostructures usually adopt a single pn junction configuration, where the depletion region width is not maximally optimized. Here, we demonstrate the construction of a high performance broadband mid-infrared photodetector based on a MoS2/b-AsP/MoS2 npn van der Waals heterostructure. The npn heterojunction can be equivalently represented as two parallel-stacked pn junctions, effectively increasing the thickness of the depletion region. Consequently, the npn device shows a high detectivity of 1.3 × 1010 cmHz1/2W−1 at the mid-infrared wavelength, which is significantly improved compared with its single pn junction counterpart. Moreover, it exhibits a fast response speed of 12 μs, and a broadband detection capability ranging from visible to mid-infrared wavelengths.
Chemical bath deposition of SnO2 films on PEN/ITO substrates for efficient flexible perovskite solar cells
Authors: Cui Along , Liu Suolan , Hong Shiqi , Li Haiyan , Wang Lin , Yang Songwang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs) have achieved significant success. However, high-quality tin dioxide (SnO2) electron transport layers (ETLs) fabricated via chemical bath deposition (CBD) have not been achieved on flexible PEN/ITO substrates. This limitation is primarily due to the corrosion of the poor-quality ITO layer by the strongly acidic CBD solution. Here, we analyzed the reasons for the poor corrosion resistance of ITO films on PEN substrate from multiple perspectives, such as element composition, microstructure, and crystallinity. Then, we proposed a modified CBD method for SnO2 films suitable for flexible PEN/ITO substrates. We employed SnCl2·2H2O as the tin source and regulated the pH of the CBD solution by NH3·H2O, which effectively avoided the corrosion of the ITO layer by the CBD solution and achieved high-quality SnO2 films on the ITO layers. Compared to the commercial SnO2 dispersion, the SnO2 films prepared by this method have smaller grains and higher transmittance. As a result, we achieved an unprecedented power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.71% for f-PSCs fabricated on PEN/ITO substrates with SnO2 ETLs by CBD method. This breakthrough facilitates the development of high-performance f-PSCs by a low-cost and large-scale chemical bath deposition of high-quality ETLs on flexible substrates.
Dielectric crystal coupled with guided-mode resonance to enhance the magneto-optical Kerr effect and sensing behavior in transmission mode
Authors: Shi Caijing , Liu Nian , Zhang Wenshuo , Zheng Pingping , Zuo Yamei , Du Guoqiang , An Kang , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, we introduce a high-performance magneto-optical sensor that features enhanced amplitude and sensitivity, achieved through guided-mode resonance (GMR) excitations in an aluminum antimonide slab. This advancement is facilitated by a square, periodically arranged nanorod structure comprising dielectric materials. The electromagnetic field distributions were obtained along with the transmission spectra to elucidate the GMR mode in our proposed structure, thereby highlighting the enhancement of the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) signal in the transmitted mode and the corresponding sensing performance. The findings demonstrate that the position of the TMOKE resonance is remarkably responsive to variations in the background refractive index, yielding an impressive sensitivity of 188.7° per refractive index unit, coupled with a narrow linewidth owing to the inherent low loss of dielectric materials. This investigation lays the groundwork for novel advancements in linear optics, integrated optical circuits, and low-loss biosensing applications.
Complementary split resonant ring inspired wide-angle frequency-scanning patch array leaky-wave antenna with open-stopband suppression
Authors: He Guo-Qiang , Zhang Hui-Rui , Li Feng-Xiang , Ding Zhen-Yu , Yang Xiang-Xiang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a wide-angle scanning and dual-linearly polarized leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed based on symmetrical complementary split resonant ring (CSRR) feeding lines. The CSRR excites high-dispersed spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) and is inspired to enlarge the scanning angle of the circular patch array antenna. The coupling between CSRR and circular patch determines the unit cell dispersion characteristics of LWA, and the coupling between CSRR and circular patch is controlled by designing their respective periods, p/b, to suppress the open-stopband and reduce the grating lobe, The value of p/b controls the frequency range of the open-stopband. Two parallel CSRR feeding lines are located on the bottom layer of the antenna and feed the array antenna of 11 circular patches above the feeding layer with both differential and common modes excitations. The two modes switch with 1-bit phase shifters on the two parallel feeding lines fed with a Wilkinson power splitter and electronically switch dual-linearly polarized radiations. The proposed scenario of the LWA prototype is validated through simulations and experiments. According to the measurements, horizontally polarized radiation achieves large beam scanning angle from −59.5° to +40° in the frequency range from 8 to 11 GHz with common mode excitation. And vertically polarized radiation scanning the main beam from −47° to +41° in the frequency range from 7.8 to 10.8 GHz with differential-mode excitation. The measured peak gains of the two polarizations are 14.4 dBi and 14.2 dBi, respectively, and the cross-polarization ratios are above 21 dB.
Reduced A–B super exchange interaction in zirconium doped cobalt ferrite due to laser irradiation
Authors: Ateia Ebtesam E , Fangary Nahla , Ghafar Dalia N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The impact of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and the addition of zirconium ions (Zr4+) on the physical properties of CoFe2O4 spinel nano-ferrites has been studied. The co-precipitation method was used to synthesize the samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were employed to examine the structure and morphology. The decrease in the Curie temperature Tc is due to the laser irradiation and the increase in the Zr content of the sample. This decline in Tc is a result of an increase in the canting of the spins, leading to a change in the thermal energy needed for compensate the spin alignment. The difference in the Tc between the non irradiated and the irradiated samples is about 7%, 43% and 34% for CoFe2O4, Co1.1Zr0.1Fe1.8O4, and Co1.3Zr0.3Fe1.4O4, respectively. The decrease in the coercivity of the laser irradiated sample is due to a reduction in the magnetic anisotropy and an altered distribution of the cations (Co2+, Fe3+, Zr4+). The observed trend indicates that laser irradiation, and Zr substitution, can be used to modify the magnetic hardness of the samples. The low coercivity of irradiated Co1.1Zr0.1Fe1.8O4 makes it suitable for a range of applications. The high-frequency response of the Co1+xZrxFe2–2xO4 NPs shows that they can operate within the frequency range of 7.5 GHz–11.56 GHz.
ROME/REA: Three-year, Tri-color Timeseries Photometry of the Galactic Bulge
Authors: Street R. A. , Bachelet E. , Tsapras Y. , Hundertmark M. P. G. , Bozza V. , Bramich D. M. , Cassan A. , Dominik M. , Figuera Jaimes R. , Horne K. , Mao S. , Saha A. , Wambsganss J. , Zang Weicheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Robotic Observations of Microlensing Events/Reactive Event Assessment Survey was a Key Project at Las Cumbres Observatory (hereafter LCO) which continuously monitored 20 selected fields (3.76 sq.deg) in the Galactic Bulge throughout their seasonal visibility window over a three-year period, between 2017 March and 2020 March. Observations were made in three optical passbands (SDSS

−
g
′

,

−
r
′

,

−
i
′

), and LCO’s multi-site telescope network enabled the survey to achieve a typical cadence of ∼10 hr in

i
′

and ∼15 hr in

g
′

and

r
′

. In addition, intervals of higher cadence (<1 hr) data were obtained during monitoring of key microlensing events within the fields. This paper describes the Difference Image Analysis data reduction pipeline developed to process these data, and the process for combining the photometry from LCO’s three observing sites in the Southern Hemisphere. The full timeseries photometry for all ∼8 million stars, down to a limiting magnitude of i ∼ 18 mag is provided in the data release accompanying this paper, and samples of the data are presented for exemplar microlensing events, illustrating how the tri-band data are used to derive constraints on the microlensing source star parameters, a necessary step in determining the physical properties of the lensing object. The timeseries data also enables a wealth of additional science, for example in characterizing long-timescale stellar variability, and a few examples of the data for known variables are presented.
Towards Single-Event Upset detection in Hardware Secure RISC-V processors
Authors: Jonckers N. , Engelen B. , Appels K. , De Raedemaeker S. , Mariën L. , Prinzie J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Single-event effects and hardware security show close similarities in terms of vulnerabilities and mitigation techniques. Secure processors address physical attacks from the outside, such as external laser stimulation, to compromise the program and extract sensitive information from the systems. To overcome this vulnerability, secure extensions to the hardware architecture are often built into modern processor cores. Given the limited design resources often found in space or high-energy physics experiment development teams, this article addresses the extent to which secure hardware architectures can be a reliable source of processor SEU detection.
Measurement of the electron beam profile by the multiangle scanning method
Authors: Bulavskaya A. , Banshchikova M. , Grigorieva A. , Miloichikova I. , Stuchebrov S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, ionizing radiation beams with relatively large transverse dimensions are widely used not only for research purposes but also in technological processes related to metal and food treatment, as well as medical instrument sterilization. Thus, control of beam characteristics is required, and in particular, the intensity distribution in the transverse plane must be accurately measured. The multiangle scanning method, based on mathematical transformations, allows overcoming the limitations of modern detectors used for these purposes. In this study, the method was applied to an electron beam. A detection system based on scintillating fiber was used. The beam profile was measured using the proposed method and a conventional detector — a film dosimeter. Experimental results allow
to conclude that the beam intensity distribution obtained using the multiangle scanning method is close to the results obtained using a film dosimeter, which is most often used in medical institutions. Thus, we can consider the multiangle scanning method as an effective approach for determining the intensity distribution of an electron beam.
Beyond stiffness: deciphering the role of viscoelasticity in cancer evolution and treatment response
Authors: Zubiarrain-Laserna Ana , Martínez-Moreno Daniel , López de Andrés Julia , de Lara-Peña Laura , Guaresti Olatz , Zaldua Ane Miren , Jiménez Gema , Marchal Juan Antonio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
There is increasing evidence that cancer progression is linked to tissue viscoelasticity, which challenges the commonly accepted notion that stiffness is the main mechanical hallmark of cancer. However, this new insight has not reached widespread clinical use, as most clinical trials focus on the application of tissue elasticity and stiffness in diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical planning. Therefore, there is a need to advance the fundamental understanding of the effect of viscoelasticity on cancer progression, to develop novel mechanical biomarkers of clinical significance. Tissue viscoelasticity is largely determined by the extracellular matrix (ECM), which can be simulated in vitro using hydrogel-based platforms. Since the mechanical properties of hydrogels can be easily adjusted by changing parameters such as molecular weight and crosslinking type, they provide a platform to systematically study the relationship between ECM viscoelasticity and cancer progression. This review begins with an overview of cancer viscoelasticity, describing how tumor cells interact with biophysical signals in their environment, how they contribute to tumor viscoelasticity, and how this translates into cancer progression. Next, an overview of clinical trials focused on measuring biomechanical properties of tumors is presented, highlighting the biomechanical properties utilized for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. Finally, this review examines the use of biofabricated tumor models for studying the impact of ECM viscoelasticity on cancer behavior and progression and it explores potential avenues for future research on the production of more sophisticated and biomimetic tumor models, as well as their mechanical evaluation.
Validation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve: cases from countries along the Belt and Road
Authors: Xu Xiaocang , Lei Lei , Zhang Lingyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
‘One Belt, One Road’ is China’s international strategy, and the countries along its routes are mainly developing countries that face a dilemma between economic growth and serious pollution problems. This paper systematically combs the literature related to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in countries along the ‘Belt and Road’ (B&R) for the first time, and collects 87 literature from Web of Science, CNKI and Science Hub. Through the verification of EKC relationship and the theoretical explanation of EKC, the paper focuses on the relationship between economic growth, industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution in countries along the ‘Belt and Road’. Finally, some policy recommendations are put forward.