bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radioimmunotherapy of Experimental Human Metastatic Melanoma with Melanin-Binding Antibodies and in Combination with Dacarbazine
Authors: Revskaya Ekaterina , Jongco Artemio M. , Sellers Rani S. , Howell Robertha C. , Koba Wade , Guimaraes Allan J. , Nosanchuk Joshua D. , Casadevall Arturo , Dadachova Ekaterina 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Melanin has emerged as an attractive target for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) of melanoma, and a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (mAb) 6D2 to melanin is currently in clinical evaluation. We investigated two approaches to improve the targeting of radiation to tumors using melanin-binding mAbs: (a) the use of an additional mAb to melanin could provide information on whether using antibodies to melanin can serve as a general approach to development of therapeutics for melanoma, and (b) as melanin targeting involves the antibody binding to extracellular melanin released from necrotic melanoma cells, we hypothesized that the administration of a chemotherapeutic agent followed by RIT would facilitate the delivery of radiation to the tumors due to the increased presence of free melanin.
Experimental Design: We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of two melanin-binding IgM mAbs labeled with 188Re (6D2 and 11B11). We compared the efficacy of RIT with 188Re-6D2 to chemotherapy with dacarbazine (DTIC) and to combined chemotherapy and RIT in human metastatic melanoma-bearing nude mice.
Results: Therapeutic efficacy of 188Re-labeled 6D2 and 11B11 was comparable despite differences in their affinity and binding site numbers. Comparison of chemotherapy with DTIC and RIT revealed that RIT was more effective in slowing tumor growth in mice. Administration of DTIC followed by RIT was more effective than either modality alone.
Conclusions: These results provide encouragement for the development of RIT for melanoma with melanin-binding mAbs and suggest that combining chemotherapy and RIT may be a promising approach for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Small-Molecule Antagonists for CXCR2 and CXCR1 Inhibit Human Melanoma Growth by Decreasing Tumor Cell Proliferation, Survival, and Angiogenesis
Authors: Singh Seema , Sadanandam Anguraj , Nannuru Kalyan C. , Varney Michelle L. , Mayer-Ezell Rosemary , Bond Richard , Singh Rakesh K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPurpose: Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, accounts for 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths and current therapeutic strategies are not effective in advanced disease. In the current study, we have investigated the efficacy of orally active small-molecule antagonist targeting CXCR2/CXCR1.Experimental Design: Human A375SM melanoma cells were treated with SCH-479833 or SCH-527123, and their effect on proliferation, motility, and invasion was evaluated in vitro. We examined the downstream signaling events in the cells following treatment with antagonists. For in vivo studies, A375SM cells were implanted subcutaneously into athymic nude mice followed by administration of SCH-479833, SCH-527123, or hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (20%) orally for 21 days and their effect on tumor growth and angiogenesis was evaluated.Results: Our data show that SCH-479833 or SCH-527123 inhibited the melanoma cell proliferation, chemotaxis, and invasive potential in vitro. Treatment of melanoma cells with SCH-479833 or SCH-527123 also inhibited tumor growth. Histologic and histochemical analyses showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) decreases in tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density in tumors. Moreover, we observed a significant increase in melanoma cell apoptosis in SCH-479833- or SCH-527123-treated animals compared with controls.Conclusion: Together, these studies show that selectively targeting CXCR2/CXCR1 with orally active small-molecule inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach for inhibiting melanoma growth and angiogenesis.
Weighing the Parts A Papyrological Perspective on the Parting of the Ways
Authors: Ezra Daniel Stökl Ben 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA comparison of the ideological composition of the Qumran library and Christian libraries from ancient Egypt, reconstructed from pre-Constantinian papyri, reveals a profound difference in the amount of group-specific material: ca. 28% Qumran “sectarian” at Qumran vs. ca. 60% “Christian” books in ancient Egyptian Christian libraries. Even for the second century, where we have much less data, the divide is quite great. If we take Qumran as example for a Jewish sectarian library, still focused largely on the Hebrew Bible and writings shared with other Jews, Christian libraries portray an independent group-specific identity, quite early on.
The Text of Josephus's Works: An Overview
Authors: Leoni Tommaso 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the past few years Flavius Josephus has been the focus of much scholarly attention, but no recent study supplies a comprehensive introduction to the text of all of his works. The present article aims to fill this conspicuous gap, examining the various types of authorities (i.e., principal Greek manuscripts, ancient Latin translations, and the indirect tradition) upon which the text of Josephus is based.
Warring against Terror The War Scroll and the Mobilization of Emotion
Authors: Weitzman Steven 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWhile noticing that the tactics and weapons prescribed in the War Scroll resemble those used by Greek and Roman armies, previous scholarship has been dubious of the idea that the scroll actually guided real-life military practice because its battle-plan seems so impractical, assuming a conflict that unfolds in a highly scripted way and relying on ritual and supernatural assistance. This essay aims to rethink the role that the War Scroll played in early Jewish military practice by reading it in light of Greco-Roman theories of how to deploy emotion in battle. Military thinkers like Xenophon and Julius Caesar recognized troop psychology as an important tactical variable that could be manipulated through ritual and supernatural portents. The War Scroll mirrors these practices in a way that supports reading it as a similar effort to manipulate troop psychology arising under the influence of—and perhaps in reaction against—Greco-Roman military practice.
Hybridity and the Letter of Aristeas
Authors: Charles Ronald 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper explores how the complex notion of hybridity, as developed by Homi K. Bhabha, can shed light on the Letter of Aristeas. Throughout the narrative of this ancient Jewish tale one finds a risky attempt on the part of the author to incorporate the best aspects of the two cultures and modes of thinking—Judaism and Hellenism—within which his community were living in Alexandria. In order to understand the dynamics of the hybrid condition of Aristeas in its ambivalence, this paper argues that the multiple agencies in place to foster a certain version of Jewish identity in this diasporic social location are best captured in the forms of calculated negotiations, prudent affiliations, and idealized memory.
Surgical Treatment of Refractory Tibial Stress Fractures in Elite Dancers
Authors: Miyamoto Ryan G. , Dhotar Herman S. , Rose Donald J. , Egol Kenneth 
Published: March 2009

Background Treatment of tibial stress fractures in elite dancers is centered on rest and activity modification. Surgical intervention in refractory cases has important implications affecting the dancers’ careers. Hypothesis Refractory tibial stress fractures in dancers can be treated successfully with drilling and bone grafting or intramedullary nailing. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Between 1992 and 2006, 1757 dancers were evaluated at a dance medicine clinic; 24 dancers (1.4%) had 31 tibial stress fractures. Of that subset, 7 (29.2%) elite dancers with 8 tibial stress fractures were treated operatively with either intramedullary nailing or drilling and bone grafting. Six of the patients were followed up closely until they were able to return to dance. One patient was available only for follow-up phone interview. Data concerning their preoperative treatment regimens, operative procedures, clinical union, radiographic union, and time until return to dance were recorded and analyzed. Results The mean age of the surgical patients at the time of stress fracture was 22.6 years. The mean duration of preoperative symptoms before surgical intervention was 25.8 months. Four of the dancers were male and 3 were female. All had failed nonoperative treatment regimens. Five patients (5 tibias) underwent drilling and bone grafting of the lesion, and 2 patients (3 tibias) with completed fractures or multiple refractory stress fractures underwent intramedullary nailing. Clinical union was achieved at a mean of 6 weeks and radiographic union at 5.1 months. Return to full dance activity was at an average of 6.5 months postoperatively. Conclusion Surgical intervention for tibial stress fractures in dancers who have not responded to nonoperative management allowed for resolution of symptoms and return to dancing with minimal morbidity.
Integrated multi-level quality control for proteomic profiling studies using mass spectrometry
Authors: Cairns David A , Perkins David N , Stanley Anthea J , Thompson Douglas , Barrett Jennifer H , Selby Peter J , Banks Rosamonde E 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Proteomic profiling using mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most promising methods for the analysis of complex biological samples such as urine, serum and tissue for biomarker discovery. Such experiments are often conducted using MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight) and SELDI-TOF (surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight) MS. Using such profiling methods it is possible to identify changes in protein expression that differentiate disease states and individual proteins or patterns that may be useful as potential biomarkers. However, the incorporation of quality control (QC) processes that allow the identification of low quality spectra reliably and hence allow the removal of such data before further analysis is often overlooked. In this paper we describe rigorous methods for the assessment of quality of spectral data. These procedures are presented in a user-friendly, web-based program. The data obtained post-QC is then examined using variance components analysis to quantify the amount of variance due to some of the factors in the experimental design.

Results
Using data from a SELDI profiling study of serum from patients with different levels of renal function, we show how the algorithms described in this paper may be used to detect systematic variability within and between sample replicates, pooled samples and SELDI chips and spots. Manual inspection of those spectral data that were identified as being of poor quality confirmed the efficacy of the algorithms. Variance components analysis demonstrated the relatively small amount of technical variance attributable to day of profile generation and experimental array.

Conclusion
Using the techniques described in this paper it is possible to reliably detect poor quality data within proteomic profiling experiments undertaken by MS. The removal of these spectra at the initial stages of the analysis substantially improves the confidence of putative biomarker identification and allows inter-experimental comparisons to be carried out with greater confidence.
Primary care physicians' reported use of pre-screening discussions for prostate cancer screening: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Linder Suzanne K , Hawley Sarah T , Cooper Crystale P , Scholl Lawrence E , Jibaja-Weiss Maria , Volk Robert J 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Professional medical organizations recommend individualized patient decision making about prostate cancer screening. Little is known about primary care physicians' use of pre-screening discussions to promote informed decision making for prostate cancer screening. The aim of this study is to explore physicians' use of pre-screening discussions and reasons why physicians would or would not try to persuade patients to be screened if they initially refuse testing.

Methods
Primary care physicians completed a self-administered survey about prostate cancer screening practices for informed decision making.

Results
Sixty-six physicians (75.9%) completed the survey, and 63 were used in the analysis. Thirteen physicians (20.6%) reported not using prescreening discussions, 45 (71.4%) reported the use of prescreening discussions, and 3 (4.8%) reported neither ordering the PSA test nor discussing it with patients. Sixty-nine percent of physicians who reported not having discussions indicated they were more likely to screen African American patients for prostate cancer, compared to 50% of physicians who reported the use of discussions (Chi-square(1) = 1.62, p = .20). Similarly, 91% of physicians who reported not having discussions indicated they are more likely to screen patients with a family history of prostate cancer, compared to 46% of those who reported the use of discussion (Chi-square(1) = 13.27, p < .001). Beliefs about the scientific evidence and efficacy of screening, ethical concerns regarding patient autonomy, and concerns about time constraints differed between physicians who would and would not try to persuade a patient to be tested.

Conclusion
Although guidelines recommend discussing the risks and benefits of prostate cancer screening, physicians report varying practice styles. Future research needs to consider the nature of discussions and the degree to which informed decision making is being achieved in clinical practice.
Research and development of a new RF-assisted device for bloodless rapid transection of the liver: Computational modeling and in vivo experiments
Authors: Burdío Fernando , Berjano Enrique J , Navarro Ana , Burdío José M , Grande Luis , Gonzalez Ana , Cruz Ignacio , Güemes Antonio , Sousa Ramón , Subirá Jorge , Castiella Tomás , Poves Ignasi , Lequerica Juan L 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Efficient and safe transection of biological tissue in liver surgery is strongly dependent on the ability to address both parenchymal division and hemostasis simultaneously. In addition to the conventional clamp crushing or finger fracture methods other techniques based on radiofrequency (RF) currents have been extensively employed to reduce intraoperative blood loss. In this paper we present our broad research plan for a new RF-assisted device for bloodless, rapid resection of the liver.

Methods
Our research plan includes computer modeling and in vivo studies. Computer modeling was based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) and allowed us to estimate the distribution of electrical power deposited in the tissue, along with assessing the effect of the characteristics of the device on the temperature profiles. Studies based on in vivo pig liver models provided a comparison of the performance of the new device with other techniques (saline-linked technology) currently employed in clinical practice. Finally, the plan includes a pilot clinical trial, in which both the new device and the accessory equipment are seen to comply with all safety requirements.

Results
The FEM results showed a high electrical gradient around the tip of the blade, responsible for the maximal increase of temperature at that point, where temperature reached 100°C in only 3.85 s. Other hot points with lower temperatures were located at the proximal edge of the device. Additional simulations with an electrically insulated blade produced more uniform and larger lesions (assessed as the 55°C isotherm) than the electrically conducting blade. The in vivo study, in turn, showed greater transection speed (3 ± 0 and 3 ± 1 cm2/min for the new device in the open and laparoscopic approaches respectively) and also lower blood loss (70 ± 74 and 26 ± 34 mL) during transection of the liver, as compared to saline-linked technology (2 ± 1 cm2/min with P = 0.002, and 527 ± 273 mL with P = 0.001).

Conclusion
A new RF-assisted device for bloodless, rapid liver resection was designed, built and tested. The results demonstrate the potential advantages of this device over others currently employed.
Lnk inhibits myeloproliferative disorder-associated JAK2 mutant, JAK2V617F
Authors: Gery Sigal , Cao Qi , Gueller Saskia , Xing Hongtao , Tefferi Ayalew , Koeffler H Phillip 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe JAK2 mutation JAK2V617F is found frequently in patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and transforms hematopoietic cells to cytokine-independent proliferation when expressed with specific cytokine receptors. The Src homology 2 (SH2) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing adaptor protein Lnk (SH2B3) is a negative regulator of hematopoietic cytokine signaling. Here, we show that Lnk is a potent inhibitor of JAK2V617F constitutive activity. Lnk down-regulates JAK2V617F-mediated signaling and transformation in hematopoietic Ba/F3-erythropoietin receptor cells. Furthermore, in CFU assays, Lnk-deficient murine bone marrow cells are significantly more sensitive to transformation by JAK2V617F than wild-type (WT) cells. Lnk, through its SH2 and PH domains, interacts with WT and mutant JAK2 and is phosphorylated by constitutively activated JAK2V617F. Finally, we found that Lnk levels are high in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from MPD patients and that Lnk expression is induced following JAK2 activation. Our data suggest that JAK2V617F is susceptible to endogenous negative-feedback regulation, providing new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of MPD.
Autoantibodies in Type 2 Diabetes Induce Stress Fiber Formation and Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Zimering Mark B. , Pan Zui 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Context: Macular edema contributes to visual impairment, and albuminuria is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These microvascular complications result from increased capillary leakage of plasma proteins whose causation is not completely understood.
Objective: The objective of the present study was to test whether plasma from type 2 diabetes with maculopathy/albuminuria or control subjects contains autoantibodies that can induce apoptosis or activate Rho kinase (ROCK) in endothelial cells.
Design: A cohort of Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial adults (&gt;40 yr of age) was randomized to standard vs. intensive glycemic treatment lasting 5–7.5 yr.
Setting: The study was conducted in outpatient clinics.
Patients: Case and age-matched control subjects who differed for the baseline presence of significant diabetic maculopathy and/or progression to macro-albuminuria were included in the study.
Intervention: Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial generally resulted in substantially improved glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid levels.
Results: Autoantibodies from patients with macular edema or progression to albuminuria potently induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in endothelial cells (up to 60%), whereas IgG from age-matched normal plasma caused much less apoptosis (&lt;10%; P &lt; 0.0001). The active inhibitory autoantibodies triggered stress fiber formation in endothelial cells likely through the activation of Rho guanosine 5′-triphosphatase, which could be nearly completed inhibited by 10 μm Y27632, a specific ROCK inhibitor.
Conclusions: These results suggest that autoantibodies from a subset of advanced type 2 diabetes may contribute to diabetic vascular complications by activating ROCK, inducing stress fiber formation and apoptosis in endothelial cells.
Work-related hand fracture injuries in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based BC-linked health data-set study
Authors: Feehan Lynne M , Sheps Samuel S 
Published: March 2009

Objective To define population-based incidence, demographics and claim rates, as well as clinical presentation and claims duration and costs for work-related hand fractures in British Columbia (BC), Canada in 2001. Methods A BC-linked health data-set one-year retrospective review of all reported work-place hand fracture injuries in BC in 2001 with additional evaluation of individual health care and claims data from randomly selected individuals with a compensation claim in 2001. Results There were 14,654 hand fractures, of which 14% (2085) were work related; an annual incidence rate of 11/10,000 workers. Males accounted for 88% (1488/2085) of the fractures and the mean age was 39 (SD: ±12). Only 60% (290/482) of randomly selected people filed a compensation claim. Of these claims, 90% (260) had a validated hand fracture injury, 72% (218) were non-articular and 13% (38) had complex associated tissue injuries. About 69% (180) had no or simple closed reduction, 82% (213) had no additional fixation, 63% (163) were immobilized for at least 21 days and 9% (24) developed a secondary complication that required surgery. Average days off work was 46 (range 0–290) and average claims cost was $5500 CDN (range $145–$56,900). Conclusions Hand fractures are a common workplace injury in BC, with a significant proportion of workers not claiming compensation. These injuries generally presented clinically as simple fractures that were managed conservatively with few complications. Despite this, there was still a significant socioeconomic burden primarily due to lost work-place productivity due to time loss from work. These findings likely reflect similar trends for work-related hand fractures throughout Canada and other countries with similar health care and workers' compensation systems.
Does the culture of a medical practice affect the clinical management of diabetes by primary care providers?
Authors: Shackelton Rebecca , Link Carol , Marceau Lisa , McKinlay John 
Published: March 2009

Objectives: The financing and organization of primary care in the United States has changed dramatically in recent decades. Primary care physicians have shifted from solo practice to larger group practices. The culture of a medical practice is thought to have an important influence on physician behavior. This study examines the effects of practice culture and organizational structure (while controlling for patient and physician characteristics) on the quality of physician decision-making. Methods: Data were obtained from a balanced factorial experiment which employed a clinically authentic video-taped scenario of diabetes with emerging peripheral neuropathy. Results: Our findings show that several key practice culture variables significantly influence clinical decision-making with respect to diabetes. Practice culture may contribute more to whether essential examinations are performed than patient or physician variables or the structural characteristics of clinical organizations. Conclusions: Attention is beginning to focus on physician behavior in the context of different organizational environments. This study provides additional support for the suggestion that organization-level interventions (especially focused on practice culture) may offer an opportunity to reduce health care disparities and improve the quality of care.