bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overshoot‐Suppressed Memristor Array with AlN Oxygen Barrier for Low‐Power Operation in the Intelligent Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Kim Sungjoon , Hong Kyungho , Kim Hyungjin , Kim Min‐Hwi , Choi Woo Young 
Published: May 2024

As the demand for bio‐inspired neuromorphic systems grows, memristor has emerged as a pivotal component in artificial synaptic devices. This study delves into the advantages and limitations of the one‐transistor‐one‐resistor (1T‐1R) and 0T‐1R architectures for memory array configurations. A significant enhancement in the memristor's on/off ratio, surpassing 103, achieved by integrating both an overshoot suppression layer (OSL) and an ultra‐thin AlN oxygen barrier layer (OBL) is also reported. The concurrent insertion of an AlOx OSL is essential for manifesting the self‐compliance attribute in 4F2 memristor arrays. Evaluations of a 24 × 24 array embedded with OSL and OBL reveal a substantial reduction in retention variation. In terms of functionality, a 7.13‐fold decline in vector‐matrix multiplication error is observed, accentuating the potential of this approach for neural network synapse applications. The analog reset characteristics of the OBL memristor facilitate over 25 multilevel states. Furthermore, the adoption of nonnegative weights presents an avenue to potentially double synaptic integration density. Through simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis simulations, the necessity of nonnegative and 16‐level quantized conductance in balancing power consumption without accuracy loss at the image classification is validated.
Clinical and molecular characteristics of hemophilia A affected individuals and carriers: A 24 years experience from three centers
Authors: Ho Stephanie K. L. , Ng Samuel Y. L. , Yung Tsz‐Kwai , Mok Myth T. S. , Yiu Wing‐Chung , Cheng Heidi H. Y. , Cheng Shirley S. W. , Luk Ho‐ming , Lo Ivan F. M. , Kan Anita S. Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHemophilia A is a rare bleeding disorder with variable expressivity and allelic heterogeneity. Despite the advancement of prenatal diagnostics and molecular studies, the number of studies reviewing the reproductive choices of hemophilia A carriers and affected individuals remains limited. Through this retrospective review, we hope to gain a deeper understanding of hemophilia A‐affected individuals' clinical and molecular characteristics, as well as the reproductive choices of the at‐risk couples. A total of 122 individuals harboring likely causative F8 gene alterations from 64 apparently unrelated families attending three centers between 3/2000 and 3/2023 were included in this study. Their clinical and molecular findings as well as reproductive choices were gathered in a clinical setting and verified through the electronic medical record database of the public health system. Forty‐seven affected males and 75 female heterozygous carriers were included in the analysis. Among 64 apparently unrelated families, 36 distinct pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified, of which 30.6% (11/36) of variants were novel. While the majority of clinical findings and genotype–phenotype correlations appear to be in accordance with existing literature, female carriers who had no fertility intention were significantly more likely to have affected sons than those who had fertility intention (5/19 vs. 4/5; p = 0.047). Through this retrospective review, we summarized the clinical and molecular characteristics of 122 individuals harboring pathogenic/likely pathogenic F8 variants, as well as their fertility intentions and reproductive outcomes. Further studies are required to look into the considerations involved in reproductive decision‐making.
Characterizing molecular and synaptic signatures in mouse models of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease independent of amyloid and tau pathology
Authors: Kotredes Kevin P. , Pandey Ravi S. , Persohn Scott , Elderidge Kierra , Burton Charles P , Miner Ethan W. , Haynes Kathryn A. , Santos Diogo Francisco S. , Williams Sean‐Paul , Heaton Nicholas , Ingraham Cynthia M. , Lloyd Christopher , Garceau Dylan , O'Rourke Rita , Herrick Sarah , Rangel‐Barajas Claudia , Maharjan Surendra , Wang Nian , Sasner Michael , Lamb Bruce T. , Territo Paul R. , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J. , Carter Gregory W. , Howell Gareth R. , Oblak Adrian L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMODEL‐AD (Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late‐Onset Alzheimer's Disease) is creating and distributing novel mouse models with humanized, clinically relevant genetic risk factors to capture the trajectory and progression of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) more accurately.METHODSWe created the LOAD2 model by combining apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), Trem2*R47H, and humanized amyloid‐beta (Aβ). Mice were subjected to a control diet or a high‐fat/high‐sugar diet (LOAD2+HFD). We assessed disease‐relevant outcome measures in plasma and brain including neuroinflammation, Aβ, neurodegeneration, neuroimaging, and multi‐omics.RESULTSBy 18 months, LOAD2+HFD mice exhibited sex‐specific neuron loss, elevated insoluble brain Aβ42, increased plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), and altered gene/protein expression related to lipid metabolism and synaptic function. Imaging showed reductions in brain volume and neurovascular uncoupling. Deficits in acquiring touchscreen‐based cognitive tasks were observed.DISCUSSIONThe comprehensive characterization of LOAD2+HFD mice reveals that this model is important for preclinical studies seeking to understand disease trajectory and progression of LOAD prior to or independent of amyloid plaques and tau tangles.Highlights
By 18 months, unlike control mice (e.g., LOAD2 mice fed a control diet, CD), LOAD2+HFD mice presented subtle but significant loss of neurons in the cortex, elevated levels of insoluble Ab42 in the brain, and increased plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL).
Transcriptomics and proteomics showed changes in gene/proteins relating to a variety of disease‐relevant processes including lipid metabolism and synaptic function.
In vivo imaging revealed an age‐dependent reduction in brain region volume (MRI) and neurovascular uncoupling (PET/CT).
LOAD2+HFD mice also demonstrated deficits in acquisition of touchscreen‐based cognitive tasks.
Cognitive Trajectories and Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers: From Successful Cognitive Aging to Clinical Impairment
Authors: Harrison Theresa M. , Chadwick Trevor , Pezzoli Stefania , Lee JiaQie , Landau Susan M. , Jagust William J. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveCross‐sectional definitions of successful cognitive aging have been widely utilized, but longitudinal measurements can identify people who do not decline. We performed this study to contrast maintenance with declining trajectories, including clinical conversion.MethodsWe included baseline cognitively unimpaired Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants with 3 or more cognitive testing sessions (n = 539, follow‐up 6.1 ± 3.5 years) and calculated slopes of an episodic memory composite (MEM) to classify them into two groups: maintainers (slope ≥ 0) and decliners (slope < 0). Within decliners, we examined a subgroup of individuals who became clinically impaired during follow‐up. These groups were compared on baseline characteristics and cognitive performance, as well as both cross‐sectional and longitudinal Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarker measures (beta‐amyloid [Aβ], tau, and hippocampal volume).ResultsForty‐one percent (n = 221) of the cohort were MEM maintainers, and 33% (n = 105) of decliners converted to clinical impairment during follow‐up. Compared to those with superior baseline scores, maintainers had lower education and were more likely to be male. Maintainers and decliners did not differ on baseline MEM scores, but maintainers did have higher non‐MEM cognitive scores. Maintainers had lower baseline global Aβ, lower tau pathology, and larger hippocampal volumes than decliners, even after removing converters. There were no differences in rates of change of any AD biomarkers between any cognitive trajectory groups except for a higher rate of hippocampal atrophy in clinical converters compared to maintainers.InterpretationUsing longitudinal data to define cognitive trajectory groups reduces education and sex bias and reveals the prognostic importance of early onset of accumulation of AD pathology. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:378–389
Ionic Hydrogen Bond‐Assisted Catalytic Construction of Nitrogen Stereogenic Center via Formal Desymmetrization of Remote Diols
Authors: Luo Zhongfu , Liao Minghong , Li Wei , Zhao Sha , Tang Kun , Zheng Pengcheng , Chi Yonggui Robin , Zhang Xinglong , Wu Xingxing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe control of noncarbon stereogenic centers is of profound importance owing to their enormous interest in bioactive compounds and chiral catalyst or ligand design for enantioselective synthesis. Despite various elegant approaches have been achieved for construction of S‐, P‐, Si‐ and B‐stereocenters over the past decades, the catalyst‐controlled strategies to govern the formation of N‐stereogenic compounds have garnered less attention. Here, we disclose the first organocatalytic approach for efficient access to a wide range of nitrogen‐stereogenic compounds through a desymmetrization approach. Intriguingly, the pro‐chiral remote diols, which are previously not well addressed with enantiocontrol, are well differentiated by potent chiral carbene‐bound acyl azolium intermediates. Preliminary studies shed insights on the critical importance of the ionic hydrogen bond (IHB) formed between the dimer aggregate of diols to afford the chiral N‐oxide products that feature a tetrahedral nitrogen as the sole stereogenic element with good yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Notably, the chiral N‐oxide products could offer an attractive strategy for chiral ligand design and discovery of potential antibacterial agrochemicals.
Steric and temperature effects in unsymmetrical α‐diimine nickel‐catalyzed ethylene and 1‐octene polymerization
Authors: Shou Jinke , Li Pei , Tian Wanlu , Liu Yue , Zhang Shaojie , Wang Fuzhou , Tan Chen 
Published: May 2024

In this contribution, a series of unsymmetric α‐diimine nickel complexes are synthesized. One side of these nickel complexes is the 2,4‐dimethyl‐6‐diphenylmethylaniline unit, and the steric effects are tuned by changing another aniline unit. These nickel complexes have high catalytic activities in ethylene (>106 g mol−1 h−1) and 1‐octene (104–105 g mol−1 h−1) polymerization, generating high‐molecular‐weight polyolefins (Mn > 104 g mol−1) with tunable branching densities (59–91/1000C). Steric effects and polymerization temperature can significantly affect the catalytic performance of the catalyst. Most importantly, catalysts with different steric hindrances have different temperature sensitivity. In general, catalysts with larger steric hindrances are more sensitive to temperature. This may be due to the fact that the rotation of some chemical bonds is blocked at low temperatures due to the larger volume of the substituents, resulting in more significant temperature sensitivity.
Facile and efficient fabrication of carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy vitrimers through dynamic crosslinking
Authors: Li Zixia , Liu Yunfeng , Ran Yin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNT) is an ideal candidate for reinforced epoxy vitrimer composites, however, achieving a desirable improvement of the mechanical properties is a great challenge owing to CNT is extremely easy to aggregate. In this study, well‐dispersed CNT reinforced epoxy vitrimers, namely EVD/CNT, were prepared by combining ultrasonic dispersion and dynamic crosslinking techniques, using multiple wall carbon nanotube as reinforcement filler, sebacic acid as curing agent, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) as epoxy monomer, zinc acetylacetonate as transesterification catalyst, torque rheometer (internal mixer) as dynamic crosslinking equipment. The CNT reinforced epoxy vitrimers, namely EVS/CNT, were prepared using traditional static curing method. The structure and morphology, mechanical properties and stress relaxation behavior of EVS/CNT and EVD/CNT were comparatively investigated, and the influence of CNT content on the structure and properties of EVD/CNT prepared by dynamic crosslinking method were also studied. The results indicated that dynamic crosslinking technology can stably disperse CNT into epoxy vitrimer resin matrix under continuous shear force. However, CNT experienced severe secondary agglomeration during the static curing process. When the loading amount of CNT was 2 wt%, the tensile strength and elongation at break of EVD/CNT‐2 were 3.2 times and 2.2 times higher than those of EVS/CNT‐2, respectively. The Young's modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of EVD/CNT‐2 (6.43 ± 1.10 MPa, 29.6°C) were also higher than those of EVS/CNT‐2 (5.46 ± 0.31 MPa, 25.4°C). Moreover, dynamic crosslinking technology greatly shortened the reaction time of CNT reinforced epoxy vitrimers, improved production efficiency and reduced reaction energy consumption, and was expected to be used for large‐scale and industrial production.
Review of bioactive wax emulsified films
Authors: Tijani Abodunrin Tirmidhi , Ayodele Tawakalt , Liadi Musiliu , Clementson Clairmont , Hammed Ademola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPlastic packaging materials have caused significant environmental issues because they are nonrenewable and nonbiodegradable. Wax‐emulsified films from biomaterials, on the other hand, are renewable and biodegradable, making them promising packaging alternatives. The development of bioactive wax‐emulsified films (BWEFs) with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties has been a topic of extensive research. In this review, we provide an overview of wax emulsification, BWEF processing, and applications. BWEF contains several bioactive agents such as tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and carotenes. The addition of emulsified wax and active agents to films not only enhances their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties but also reduces their hydrophilicity. Other reagents have been added to BWEF partially to increase hydrophobicity and mainly to improve mechanical properties. BWEFs prolong food shelf life, monitor wound healing, and control drug delivery. We have identified some research challenges that need to be solved to make BWEFs industrially attractive.
Fisher perceptions of catch and trade of sharks and rays in Angolan small‐scale fisheries
Authors: Soares Ana Lúcia Furtado , Jabado Rima W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSmall‐scale fisheries ensure food security and employment in Angolan coastal communities. These dynamic, widespread fisheries remain mostly unregulated, with limited data available despite their likely significant impact on marine megafauna. We used an interview‐based survey to investigate local fisher interactions with elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) and gather information on utilization, trade and perceptions. All fishers (n = 83) landed elasmobranchs. Most fishers considered sharks as bycatch (74.7%, n = 62), while 100% targeted rays (Order Myliobatiformes), and 62.8% (n = 52) targeted guitarfishes (Order Rhinopristiformes). Over 80% of fishers reported declining catches and sizes of elasmobranchs over the last 30 years, raising concerns about the sustainability of these fisheries. Utilization and trade routes varied depending on elasmobranch products, with exports to China (fins) and local market sales (meat). Specifically, 8.4% (n = 5) of fishers confirmed meat and fin exports to China (4.8%, n = 3). The protection of sharks was considered by 32.5% (n = 30) of respondents, while 21.7% (n = 18) believed only certain shark species should be protected. Most respondents reported that rays (80.5%, n = 67) and guitarfishes (61%, n = 51) should not be protected. Regarding the ban on fishing, none considered it for ray species, with only 6.1% (n = 5) supporting this idea for guitarfishes. We highlight the lack of elasmobranch‐specific conservation measures and the need for a multi‐pronged approach to inform policy. Considering the scale of these fisheries, management actions need to be urgently developed and implemented to ensure the sustainability of elasmobranch fisheries while securing the livelihoods of coastal communities.
Assessing Drinking Water Systems to Improve Performance and Capacity
Authors: Bell Emily V. , Hansen Katy , Mullin Megan 
Published: May 2024

Key TakeawaysFragmented data across state agencies and subagencies reduce the ability to assess a community water system's overall condition.Identifying relationships among different dimensions of performance can help assess how well systems respond to challenges.Balancing affordability with capacity for reliable drinking water delivery over time is an ongoing challenge for many utilities.Focusing only on safe drinking water compliance in research and oversight may overlook systems with other critical vulnerabilities.
Cognitive ability or motivation, or both: An integrative path analysis of the interplay between two key factors in academic achievement
Authors: Dadandı İbrahim , Yazıcı Hikmet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile the individual roles of general cognitive ability and motivation in predicting academic achievement are well established, how they interact with one another and the extent of their combined effect on students' learning outcomes leave much to be explained. The present study investigates the relationships among general cognitive ability, selected motivational constructs (i.e., academic self‐efficacy, academic self‐concept, self‐esteem and student engagement) and academic achievement within a structural model. A total of 346 (M = 52%, F = 48%; Mage = 12.98 ± 0.98) middle school students completed Primary Abilities Test 6–8, Myself as A Learner Scale, Academic Self‐Efficacy Scale, School Short‐Form of the Coopersmith Self‐Esteem Inventory and Student Engagement Scale. Path analysis revealed that general cognitive ability had a direct effect on academic achievement and significant indirect effects on academic achievement through academic self‐efficacy, as well as on student engagement through both academic self‐efficacy and academic self‐concept. Moreover, academic self‐efficacy had significant direct effects on both academic achievement and student engagement. Additionally, self‐esteem and academic self‐concept had significant direct effects on student engagement, as well as indirect effects on both academic achievement and student engagement through academic self‐efficacy. The present study contributes to the understanding of dynamics between cognitive and motivational variables in shaping academic achievement and provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers to develop effective pedagogical designs and strategies for improving student learning outcomes.
Climate change and its impact on the mental health well‐being of Indigenous women in Western cities, Canada
Authors: Chapola Jebunnessa , Datta Ranjan , Waucaush‐Warn Jaime , Subroto Sujoy 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis collaborative paper explores the interconnections between climate change and the mental health and well‐being of Indigenous women in Western Canada. As the impacts of climate change intensify globally, vulnerable populations, particularly Indigenous communities, face disproportionate and multifaceted challenges. Centering on Indigenous women in Western Canada, this study explores how the climate crisis magnifies Indigenous communities' mental health disparities. Drawing from the Indigenist feminist research approach, the investigation focuses on Indigenous women's lived experiences, perceptions, and land‐based coping strategies amidst climate challenges, while simultaneously addressing the unique social, cultural, and historical factors influencing their mental health vulnerabilities within the context of climate change. The findings shed light on the complex relationships between environmental degradation, ongoing colonial impacts on traditional practices, and the mental well‐being of Indigenous women. Concluding with implications for policy and community‐led interventions, this research contributes to the discourse on the intersectionality of climate change impacts and mental health, particularly focusing on Indigenous women in Western Canada.
Influence of drought stress and growth temperature during kernel development on physical and chemical starch characteristics of malting barley
Authors: Hör Stefan , Beer Thomas , Hoheneder Felix , Becker Thomas , Gastl Martina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStarch is the main component of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and its physical and chemical characteristics are particularly important in further processing in the beverage industry. This study investigates how the parameters (i) growing temperature (high/low) and (ii) water deficit (drought stress) during grain filling affect starch characteristics by cultivating nine different commonly used malting barley varieties in greenhouses under defined conditions. Particle size distribution of the starch granules, their phase transition characteristics (DSC), the pasting temperature (RVA), and the amylose/amylopectin (AM/AP) ratio were examined to assess starch characteristics.FindingsTwo‐way ANOVA analyses revealed that drought stress during the grain‐filling phase resulted in significantly smaller starch granules, lower onset, peak, and endset temperatures (DSC), and increased pasting temperature (PT) while not affecting the AM/AP ratio.
High growth temperature during grain filling resulted in significantly higher onset, peak, and endset temperatures (DSC), lower phase transition enthalpies, significantly higher PTs, and lower AM/AP ratios.ConclusionsGrowth temperature during kernel development affected starch phase transition characteristics the most, while water availability was significantly associated with starch granule sizes.Significance and NoveltyClimate change is increasing the events and severity of heat and drought in Europe. Agricultural practices and modern barley varieties must be adapted to these requirements to maintain processability for food production.
Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis: A rare presentation requiring a broad differential in nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Zardoost Pooya , Tyabuddin Sana , Cantu Austin , Abu‐Jubara Musa , Mittlesteadt Jackson , Wehrum Henry 
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical MessageAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) presents with renal failure and proteinuria in a minority of cases, usually due to secondary amyloidosis or IgA nephropathy. While focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is less common, it should still be in the differential regardless of the patient's clinical profile.