bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Efficient Synthesis of Strongly Luminescent Polypyrene with Intrinsic Conductivity and High Carbon Yield by Chemical Oxidative Polymerization of Pyrene
Authors: Li Xin‐Gui , Liu You‐Wei , Huang Mei‐Rong , Peng Sai , Gong Ling‐Zhi , Moloney Mark G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA wholly aromatic polypyrene was synthesized by direct chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrene with ferric chloride as oxidant in hexane/nitromethane. Successful synthesis of polypyrene was thoroughly confirmed by IR, UV/Vis, 1D 1H NMR, 2D 1H–1H COSY, 2D 1H–13C HSQC, MALDI‐TOF MS, elemental analysis, and X‐ray diffraction methods. The results indicated that the polypyrene was formed mainly through dehydro coupling between 2‐ or 1‐ and 2′‐ or 1′‐positions on pyrene rings having a degree of polymerization of around 24. The polypyrene was purified and then separated into THF‐soluble (ca. 10 %) and THF‐insoluble (ca. 90 %) fractions. Compared with insulating pyrene monomer, the polypyrene is a controllably conducting polymer that has low conductivity of 3.4×10−8 S cm−1 in its virgin state, moderate conductivity of 2.28×10−4 S cm−1 upon iodine doping, but much higher conductivity of up to 81.2 S cm−1 after the insoluble polypyrene was heated up to 1300 °C in nitrogen with a high char yield of 70.6 %. In particular, the soluble polypyrene demonstrates much stronger visible color fluorescence and much lower toxicity than pyrene. The soluble polypyrene would be advantageous for detecting Fe3+ with almost no interference of other metal ions. The soluble and insoluble polypyrene fractions have potential applications as intrinsically luminescent and highly conducting carbon materials, respectively.
A pipeline transport correlation for slurries with small but dense particles
Authors: Poloski Adam P. , Etchells Arthur W. , Chun Jaehun , Adkins Harold E. , Casella Andrew M. , Minette Michael J. , Yokuda Satoru T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMost correlations/models for minimum transport or critical velocity of slurry were developed for slurries composed of particles greater than ∼100–200 µm diameter with narrow particle‐size distributions which is typical of the minerals industry. Many other process industries handle smaller particles. In particular waste slurries at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site have broad size distributions and significant fractions of smaller particles. Despite the size of these wastes, recent studies at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory indicate that the small particles might be of sufficient density to pose a significant risk for pipeline deposition and plugging. To allow predictive assessment of deposition of fine dense particles for waste slurry transport at the U.S. DOE Hanford site, a pipeline‐transport correlation for critical velocity was developed using a simple power‐law between two dimensionless numbers important for slurry transport, the deposition Froude and Archimedes numbers. The correlation accords well with experimental data for slurries with Archimedes numbers <80 and is an adequate pipeline design guide for processing Hanford waste slurry.
Investigation of the temperature distribution and material limits of membrane water wall tubes of circulating fluidized bed boilers
Authors: Chinsuwan Anusorn , Dutta Animesh 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAssuming steady state, constant bed temperature and constant tube thermal conductivity, the three‐dimensional heat conduction equations were numerically solved. It was found that the temperature distribution can be expressed as dimensionless temperature in terms of Froude number, particle to furnace diameter ratio, and local to total furnace height ratio. The models for predicting the dimensionless wall temperature distribution and dimensionless mean wall temperature were also developed in this work. Finally, the limits of common tube materials used as water wall tubes based on maximum allowable stress and oxidation criteria were also investigated.
Multi‐scale and multi‐fractal characteristics of instantaneous velocity signals in impinging stream mixer
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Wang Xianwang , Wang Chunyu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe axial and radial instantaneous velocity signals in impinging stream mixer (ISM) were decomposed to multi‐scale and studied by R/S analysis method. It showed that different fractal structure at different scales can be explained easily by Hurst analysis and there were different trends of Hs with the different positions. Besides, there were some non‐periodic components in the system, and in the process of particles impinged reciprocally, the vortex with different scale emerges.
Experimental and modeling studies on extraction of catechin hydrate and epicatechin from Indian green tea leaves
Authors: Gujar J.G. , Chattopadhyay S. , Wagh S.J. , Gaikar V.G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA systematic investigation of effect of various parameters, for example, temperature, speed of agitation, particle size, and solid loading, on the percentage extraction of catechin hydrate (CH) and epicatechin (EP) was conducted. The extraction was performed with water, methanol, and ethanol. Water was found to be the best solvent for both. Percentage extraction of CH was found to decrease with temperature beyond 46°C; however, this is not the case for epicatechin. The thermal stability analysis of both the compounds was performed to ensure decomposition. This supported the experimental observation of batch extraction. Size of particle has little effect on percentage extraction of EP, but it increases for CH with decrease in particle size, which is probably because of decrease in diffusion path length. Assuming flat geometry of the particles, the process is modelled and compared with experimental data at different experimental conditions. The experimental data fitted well with the model proposed by Wongkittipong. The effective diffusion coefficients through the solid matrix of Indian green tea leaves for CH and EP estimated from the diffusion model were found to be in the range 1.29 × 10–13 to 3.40 × 10–13 m2/s and 1.20 × 10–13 m2/s to 3.38 × 10–13 m2/s, respectively. The effect of temperature on diffusion coefficient of CH and EP was determined using the model. The energy of activation required for diffusion was found to be 32.78 and 30.28 kJ/kmol, respectively for CH and EP.
Estimation of vapour–liquid equilibrium data for binary refrigerant systems containing 1,1,1,2,3,3,3‐heptafluoropropane (R227ea) by using artificial neural networks
Authors: Nikkholgh M. R. , Moghadassi A. R. , Parvizian F. , Hosseini S.M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this research, the ability of multilayer perceptron neural networks to estimate vapour–liquid equilibrium data have been studied. Four typical binary refrigerant systems containing R227ea have been investigated in a large range of temperatures and pressures. The systems are categorised into four groups, based on their different deviations from the Raoult's law. The networks with one hidden layer consisted of five neurons are developed as the optimal structure. For these binary systems, uncertainties in the artificial neural networks (ANNs) estimations were not more than 1.03%. In addition, the abilities of ANNs are shown by comparisons with Margules, van Laar, and some other correlations.
Occupational sunlight exposure and risk of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Karami Sara , Boffetta Paolo , Stewart Patricia , Rothman Nathaniel , Hunting Katherine L. , Dosemeci Mustafa , Berndt Sonja I. , Brennan Paul , Chow Wong‐Ho , Moore Lee E. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Recent findings indicate that vitamin D obtained from ultraviolet (UV) exposure may reduce the risk of several different cancers. Vitamin D is metabolized to its active form within the kidney, which is the major organ for vitamin D metabolism and activity. Because both the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency have increased over the past few decades, in the current study, the authors explored whether occupational UV exposure was associated with RCC risk.METHODS:A hospital‐based, case‐control study of 1097 patients with RCC (cases) and 1476 controls was conducted in 4 Central and Eastern European countries. Demographic and occupational information was collected to examine the association between occupational UV exposure and RCC risk.RESULTS:A significant reduction (24%‐38%) in the risk of RCC was observed with increasing occupational UV exposure among men who participated in the study. No association between UV exposure and RCC risk was observed among women who participated. When the analyses were stratified by latitude as another estimate of sunlight intensity, a stronger reduction (71%‐73%) in the risk of RCC was observed between UV exposure and cancer risk among men who resided at the highest latitudes.CONCLUSIONS:The current results suggested that, among men, there is an inverse association between occupational UV exposure and the risk of RCC. Replication studies are warranted to confirm these results. Cancer 2010. Published 2010 by the American Cancer Society.
Women's experiences with genomic testing for breast cancer recurrence risk
Authors: Tzeng Janice P. , Mayer Deborah , Richman Alice R. , Lipkus Isaac , Han Paul K. , Valle Carmina G. , Carey Lisa A. , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Few studies have examined how patients understand and use genomic test results when deciding about treatment. This study examined how women receive and incorporate results of Oncotype DX, a genomic test that offers recurrence risk estimates, into decisions about adjuvant treatment for early stage breast cancer.METHODS:Participants in the cross‐sectional study were 77 women with early stage, estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer with 0 to 3 positive lymph nodes who received Oncotype DX between 2004 and 2009. Mailed surveys, supplemented by medical chart review, assessed how women received and understood recurrence risk information based on the test.RESULTS:The most common test results were low (50%, 34 of 68) or intermediate (37%, 25 of 68) breast cancer recurrence risk. Most women accurately recalled their recurrence risk based on the test (71%) and felt they understood much of what they were told about it (67%). Approximately 25% of women recalled experiencing test‐related distress. Women's perceived recurrence risk was associated with their actual genomic‐based recurrence risks, having had a previous cancer diagnosis, and worry about recurrence. Women with high recurrence risk typically had chemotherapy (78%, 7 of 9), whereas only 2 with a low recurrence risk did (7%, 2 of 30).CONCLUSIONS:This is among the first studies to describe patients' experiences with genomic testing for recurrence risk. Although many women understood discussions about their genomic test results, a third reported not fully understanding these discussions, suggesting a need to aid and improve risk communication and treatment decision making. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Modelling diffraction patterns from one‐dimensionally disordered structures of AIIBVI crystals by Monte Carlo Technique IV. The 6H structure with different kinds of stacking faults
Authors: Gosk J. B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo investigate the one‐dimensionally disordered structures (ODDS) in the close packed (cp) crystals, the Monte Carlo computer simulation technique has been applied. Calculations of the diffraction intensity distributions along the 10.L reciprocal lattice row from the 6H(33) structure with the four different kinds of the stacking faults (SFs): growth, deformation, layer displacement and extrinsic fault are presented. In particular, using the simple frequency functions of the fault to fault distances, both random and non‐random distributions of the SFs are considered. Distinctive features of the diffraction patterns corresponding to the chosen examples of the transformations from the parent 6H(33) structure into another small‐period polytypes are discussed in detail. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MafA transcription factor identifies the early ret‐expressing sensory neurons
Authors: Lecoin Laure , Rocques Nathalie , El‐Yakoubi Warif , Achour Sarrah Ben , Larcher Magalie , Pouponnot Celio , Eychène Alain 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDorsal root ganglia proceed from the coalescence of cell bodies of sensory neurons, which have migrated dorsoventrally from the delaminating neural crest. They are composed of different neuronal subtypes with specific sensory functions, including nociception, thermal sensation, proprioception, and mechanosensation. In contrast to proprioceptors and thermonociceptors, little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing the early commitment and later differentiation into mechanosensitive neurons. This is mainly due to the absence of specific molecular markers for this particular cell type. Using knockout mice, we identified the bZIP transcription factor MafA as the first specific marker of a subpopulation of “early c‐ret” positive neurons characterized by medium‐to‐large diameters. This marker will allow further functional characterization of these neurons. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70:485–497, 2010
Chromosome translocations and assessing human exposure to adverse environmental agents
Authors: Tucker James D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article discusses the use of chromosome translocations for assessing adverse environmental exposure in humans. Translocations are a persistent biomarker of exposure and a biomarker of effect, making them the endpoint of choice for certain human exposure studies because they indicate a potential relationship between exposure and adverse health outcomes, particularly cancer and birth defects. Presented here are the different types of translocations, their origins and persistence, the strengths and limitations of using translocations for exposure assessments, the current state of the art for quantifying exposure including the importance of confounding effects, and the use of model organisms. This article concludes with an assessment of the future of translocation analyses. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Telomeres and telomerase in normal and malignant B‐cells
Authors: Lobetti‐Bodoni Chiara , Bernocco Elisa , Genuardi Elisa , Boccadoro Mario , Ladetto Marco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe telomeric checkpoint is emerging as a critical sensor of cellular damage, playing a major role in human aging and cancer development. In the meantime, telomere biology is rapidly evolving from a basic discipline to a translational branch, capable of providing major hints for biomarker development, risk assessment and targeted treatment of cancer. These advances have a number of implications in the biology of lymphoid tumours. Moreover, there is considerable interest in the potential role of telomeric dysfunction in the wide array of immunological abnormalities, grouped under the definition of ‘immunosenescence’. This review will summarize the impact of recent advances in telomere biology on the physiology and pathology of the B lymphocyte, with special interest in immunosenescence and lymphomagenesis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface chemistry and polymer film thickness effects on endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation
Authors: Bhattacharyya Dhiman , Xu Hao , Deshmukh Rajendra R. , Timmons Richard B. , Nguyen Kytai T. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAdherence and growth rates of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) on plasma polymerized poly(vinylacetic acid) films were measured as functions of the surface density of COOH groups and plasma deposited film thickness. Pulsed plasma polymerization was employed to produce films containing 3.6 to 9% COOH groups, expressed as a percent of total carbon content. Endothelial cells exhibited increased cell adherence and proliferation with increasing COOH surface densities. Additionally, and unexpectedly, cell growth was also dependent on the film thicknesses, which ranged from 25 to 200 nm. The results indicate that optimization of the functional group surface density and film thickness could produce significant enhancements in initial adhesion and subsequent growth of the HAEC cells. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Osteoconductive and degradable electrospun nonwoven poly(ε‐caprolactone)/CaO‐SiO2 gel composite fabric
Authors: Seol Yang‐Jo , Kim Kyoung‐Hwa , Kim In Ae , Rhee Sang‐Hoon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA nonwoven ceramic/polymer composite fabric composed of randomly mixed bioactive and fast degradable CaO‐SiO2 gel fibers and biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) fibers is prepared with a simultaneous electrospinning method for potential use as bone grafting materials. A 17% PCL solution is prepared using 1,1,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol as the solvent, whereas the CaO‐SiO2 gel solution is prepared via a condensation reaction following the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate. PCL and CaO‐SiO2 gel solutions are spun simultaneously with two separate nozzles. As controls, pure PCL and CaO‐SiO2 gel nonwoven fabrics are also made by the same methods. The three nonwoven fabrics were exposed to simulated body fluid for 1 week and resulted in the deposition of a layer of apatite crystals on the surfaces of both the CaO‐SiO2 gel and PCL/CaO‐SiO2 gel composite fabrics, but not on the PCL fabric. A tensile strength test showed that the fracture behavior of the CaO‐SiO2 gel fabric was brittle, that of the PCL fabric was ductile‐tough, and that of the PCL/CaO‐SiO2 gel composite fabric was intermediate between that of the CaO‐SiO2 gel and PCL fabrics. Our in vivo tests showed that the CaO‐SiO2 gel and PCL/CaO‐SiO2 gel composite fabrics had good osteoconductivity and fast degradation rates in calvarial defects of New Zealand white rabbits within 4 weeks, in contrast to the pure PCL fabric. Together, these results suggest that the composite fabric composed of PCL and CaO‐SiO2 gel fibers must have a great potential for use in applications such as bone grafting because of its good osteoconductivity and adequate mechanical properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
CARM1 activates myogenin gene via PCAF in the early differentiation of TPA‐induced rhabdomyosarcoma‐derived cells
Authors: Gao Xin , Pan Wei‐song , Dai Hui , Zhang Ye , Wu Ning‐hua , Shen Yu‐fei 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCARM1/PRMT4 is a member of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family. CARM1 as a transcriptional coactivator plays an active role on mammalian genes. Here, we show that CARM1 can be recruited to the promoter of myogenin gene to enhance its transcriptional activation via PCAF at the early stage of TPA‐induced RD cell differentiation. By adding adenosine dialdehyde, AdOx, to inhibit the PRMT in RD cells, the TPA‐induced recruiting of p300, PCAF and the Brg1 at the myogenin promoter is abolished and myogenic differentiation is blocked. More specifically, the expression of PCAF and its nucleation are prohibited when CARM1 is knockdown by its specific siRNA. We suggest that the physical interaction of CARM1 and PCAF is likely pivotal for the activation of PCAF in the downstream of CARM1 pathway for inducing myogenin under TPA‐induced differentiation. The findings shed lights on novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma patients. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 162–170, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DJ‐1 modulates the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway through physical interaction with apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1
Authors: Mo Jung‐Soon , Jung Jane , Yoon Ji‐Hye , Hong Ji‐Ae , Kim Mi‐Yeon , Ann Eun‐Jung , Seo Mi‐Sun , Choi Yun‐Hee , Park Hee‐Sae 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDJ‐1 has been reported as a gene linked to early onset familial Parkinson's disease, and is functionally involved in transcriptional regulation and oxidative stress‐induced cell death. To understand the role of DJ‐1 in cellular stress, this study investigated DJ‐1's effect on stress‐activated protein kinase signaling and H2O2‐induced activation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). According to the results, the overexpression of DJ‐1 inhibited H2O2‐induced activation of ASK1 as well as the activation of downstream kinases in the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. The results of both in vivo binding and kinase studies have revealed that ASK1 is the direct target of DJ‐1, whereas it has shown no effect on either MKK3 or p38. DJ‐1 blocked both the homo‐oligomerization of ASK1 and inhibited ASK1 activity. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that DJ‐1, by directly inhibiting ASK1, may act as a negative regulator in ASK1 signaling cascades. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 229–237, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preservation of the chondrocyte's pericellular matrix improves cell‐induced cartilage formation
Authors: Vonk Lucienne A. , Doulabi Behrouz Zandieh , Huang ChunLing , Helder Marco N. , Everts Vincent , Bank Ruud A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe extracellular matrix surrounding chondrocytes within a chondron is likely to affect the metabolic activity of these cells. In this study we investigated this by analyzing protein synthesis by intact chondrons obtained from different types of cartilage and compared this with chondrocytes. Chondrons and chondrocytes from goats from different cartilage sources (articular cartilage, nucleus pulposus, and annulus fibrosus) were cultured for 0, 7, 18, and 25 days in alginate beads. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that the gene expression of Col2a1 was consistently higher by the chondrons compared with the chondrocytes and the Col1a1 gene expression was consistently lower. Western blotting revealed that Type II collagen extracted from the chondrons was cross‐linked. No Type I collagen could be extracted. The amount of proteoglycans was higher for the chondrons from articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus compared with the chondrocytes, but no differences were found between chondrons and chondrocytes from annulus fibrosus. The expression of both Mmp2 and Mmp9 was higher by the chondrocytes from articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus compared with the chondrons, whereas no differences were found with the annulus fibrosus cells. Gene expression of Mmp13 increased strongly by the chondrocytes (>50‐fold), but not by the chondrons. Taken together, our data suggest that preserving the pericellular matrix has a positive effect on cell‐induced cartilage production. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 260–271, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.