bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of probiotic administration during pregnancy on the functional diversity of the gut microbiota in healthy pregnant women
Authors: Ma Guangyu , Yan Hao , Tye Kian Deng , Tang Xiaomei , Luo Huijuan , Li Zhe , Xiao Xiaomin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Our study aims to investigate the impact of probiotic consumption during pregnancy on gut microbiota functional diversity in healthy pregnant women. Thirty-two pregnant women were randomly assigned to two groups. The probiotic group (PG) consisted of pregnant women who consumed triple viable
Bifidobacterium longum
,
Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus
, and
Streptococcus thermophilus
tablets from the 32nd week of pregnancy until delivery. The functional profiles of the gut microbiota were predicted through high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing results using PICRUSt software and referencing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. In the gut microbiota of the PG, the genera
Blautia
and
Ruminococcus
, as well as the species
Subdoligranulum
, showed significantly higher relative abundances compared to the control group (CG) (
P
< 0.05). At Level 1 of the KEGG signaling pathways, there was a significant reduction in the functional genes of the gut microbiota involved in Organismal Systems in the PG (
P
< 0.05). In Level 2 of the KEGG signaling pathways, there was a significant reduction in the functional genes of the gut microbiota involved in Infectious Disease in the PG (
P
< 0.05). In Level 3 of the KEGG signaling pathways, the PG exhibited a significant increase in the functional genes of the gut microbiota involved in ABC transporters, Oxidative phosphorylation, Folate biosynthesis, and Biotin metabolism (
P
< 0.05). The CG showed a significant increase in the functional genes related to Cysteine and methionine metabolism, Vitamin B6 metabolism, Tuberculosis, and
Vibrio cholerae
pathogenic cycle (
P
< 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has a significant impact on functional metabolism in healthy pregnant women.

IMPORTANCE
Probiotics are considered beneficial to human health. There is limited understanding of how probiotic consumption during pregnancy affects the functional diversity of the gut microbiota. The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of probiotic consumption during pregnancy on the functional diversity of the gut microbiota. Our findings suggest that probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has a significant impact on functional metabolism. This could potentially open up new avenues for preventing various pregnancy-related complications. This also provides new insights into the effects of probiotic consumption during pregnancy on the gut microbiota and offers a convenient method for exploring the potential mechanisms underlying the impact of probiotics on the gut microbiota of pregnant women.
An enhanced IL17 and muted type I interferon nasal epithelial cell state characterizes severe COVID-19 with fungal coinfection
Authors: Ziegler Carly G. K. , Owings Anna H. , Galeas-Pena Michelle , Kazer Samuel W. , Miao Vincent N. , Navia Andrew W. , Tang Ying , Bromley Joshua D. , Lotfy Peter , Sloan Meredith , Laird Hannah , Williams Haley B. , George Micayla , Drake Riley S. , Pride Yilianys , Abraham George E. , Senitko Michal , Robinson Tanya O. , Diamond Gill , Lionakis Michail S. , Shalek Alex K. , Ordovas-Montanes Jose , Horwitz Bruce H. , Glover Sarah C. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Recent case reports and epidemiological data suggest that fungal infections represent an underappreciated complication among people with severe COVID-19. However, the frequency of fungal colonization in patients with COVID-19 and associations with specific immune responses in the airways remain incompletely defined. We previously generated a single-cell RNA-sequencing data set characterizing the upper respiratory microenvironment during COVID-19 and mapped the relationship between disease severity and the local behavior of nasal epithelial cells and infiltrating immune cells. Our previous study, in agreement with findings from related human cohorts, demonstrated that a profound deficiency in host immunity, particularly in type I and type III interferon signaling in the upper respiratory tract, is associated with rapid progression to severe disease and worse clinical outcomes. We have now performed further analysis of this cohort and identified a subset of participants with severe COVID-19 and concurrent detection of
Candida
species-derived transcripts within samples collected from the nasopharynx and trachea. Here, we present the clinical characteristics of these individuals. Using matched single-cell transcriptomic profiles of these individuals’ respiratory mucosa, we identify epithelial immune signatures suggestive of IL17 stimulation and anti-fungal immunity. Further, we observe a significant expression of anti-fungal inflammatory cascades in the nasal and tracheal epithelium of all participants who went on to develop severe COVID-19, even among participants without detectable genetic material from fungal pathogens. Together, our data suggest that IL17 stimulation—in part driven by
Candida
colonization—and blunted interferon signaling represent a common feature of severe COVID-19 infection.

IMPORTANCE
In this paper, we present an analysis suggesting that symptomatic and asymptomatic fungal coinfections can impact patient disease progression during COVID-19 hospitalization. By looking into the presence of other pathogens and their effect on the host immune response during COVID-19 hospitalizations, we aim to offer insight into an underestimated scenario, furthering our current knowledge of determinants of severity that could be considered for future diagnostic and intervention strategies.
Identification and characterization of recent retrovirus in
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
bats
Authors: Chung Hee Chun , Kim Sung Jae , Hwang Su Jin , Jeon Young Shin , Song Min Sik , Ko Si Hwan , Lee Jasper , Choi Yoona , Chung Chul Un , Lee Jae Myun 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

An investigation into retrovirus was conducted in six species of bats (
Myotis aurascens
,
Myotis petax
,
Myotis macrodactylus
,
Miniopterus fuliginosus
,
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
, and
Pipistrellus abramus
) inhabiting South Korea. Exogenous retroviruses (XRVs) were detected in the tissue samples of
R. ferrumequinum
individuals by PCR assay. Proviruses were identified in all tissue samples through viral quantification using a digital PCR assay per organ (lung, intestine, heart, brain, wing, kidney, and liver), with viral loads varying greatly between each organ. In phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome, the Korean bat retroviruses and the
R. ferrumequinum
retrovirus (RfRV) strain formed a new clade distinct from the
Gammaretrovirus
clade. The phylogenetic results determined these viruses to be RfRV-like viruses. In the Simplot comparison, Korean RfRV-like viruses exhibited relatively strong fluctuated patterns in the latter part of the envelope gene area compared to other gene areas. Several point mutations within this region (6,878–7,774 bp) of these viruses were observed compared to the RfRV sequence. One Korean RfRV-like virus (named Y4b strain) was successfully recovered in the Raw 264.7 cell line, and virus particles replicated in the cells were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. RfRVs (or RfRV-like viruses) have been spreading since their first discovery in 2012, and the Korean RfRV-like viruses were assumed to be XRVs that evolved from RfRV.

IMPORTANCE

R. ferrumequinum
retrovirus (RfRV)-like viruses were identified in greater horseshoe bats in South Korea. These RfRV-like viruses were considered exogenous retroviruses (XRVs) that emerged from RfRV. Varying amounts of provirus detected in different organs suggest ongoing viral activity, replication, and
de novo
integration in certain organs. Additionally, the successful recovery of the virus in the Raw 264.7 cell line provides strong evidence supporting their status as XRVs. These viruses have now been identified in South Korea and, more recently, in Kenya since RfRV was discovered in China in 2012, indicating that RfRVs (or RfRV-like viruses) have spread worldwide.
Supplemental Material: Tracking the tempo of a continental margin arc: Insights from a forearc succession in West Antarctica
Authors: Riley Teal R. , al. et 
Published: April 2024

<p>Text S1: Analytical procedures. Figure S1: Representative cathodoluminescence images of zircons from sample of Fossil Bluff Group. Figure S2: Radial density plots and maximum likelihood age estimates for 15 samples from the Fossil Bluff Group accretionary complex. Table S1: Sample information and location data. Table S2: Zircon U-Pb geochronological data. Table S3: Lu-Hf isotopic data. </p>
Mycobacterium senegalensecatheter-related bloodstream infection
Authors: Badarol Hisham Noralwani , Madon Mazriza , Masri Siti Norbaya , Amin-Nordin Syafinaz 
Published: April 2024

Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is one of the common healthcare-acquired infections imposing a high burden of morbidity and mortality on the patients. Non-tuberculous mycobacterium is a rare aetiology for CRBSI and poses challenges in laboratory diagnosis and clinical management. This is a case of a woman in her early 60s with underlying end-stage renal failure, diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented with a 2-week history of high-grade fever postregular haemodialysis, vomiting, lethargy and altered mental status.Blood cultures from a permanent catheter and peripheral taken concurrently yieldedMycobacterium senegalense, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which established the diagnosis of CRBSI atypically presented with concurrent acute intracranial bleeding and cerebrovascular infarction at initial presentation. She was started on a combination of oral azithromycin, oral amikacin and intravenous imipenem, and the permanent catheter was removed. Despite the treatments instituted, she developed septicaemia, acute myocardial infarction and macrophage activation-like syndrome, causing the patient’s death.
Tolerability of electrodiagnostic studies in patients: a prospective study
Authors: Chang Chin-Hen , McClellan Timithy Mark , Lopez Kevin David , Wasser Thomas , Hemtasilpa Somkiat 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionNerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) are electrodiagnostic studies that are highly tolerated by patients despite their nature of causing pain and discomfort. However, few studies have focused on the true tolerability of these procedures in patients. This study aimed to determine the true tolerance rate of NCS and EMG in patient populations and the factors that might be associated with them.MethodsParticipants scheduled for electrodiagnostic studies were prospectively recruited between March 2023 and September 2023. After completion of the study, the physicians completed a questionnaire on each patient’s tolerance of the studies.ResultsOf the 103 patients enrolled in the study, 98 were able to tolerate both tests, and 5 patients were intolerant to 1 or both tests. The overall tolerance rate of NCS and EMG was 95.1% (0.951, 95% CI 0.897 to 0.981). Age, sex, ethnicity, the type of NCS performed and the type of EMG performed were not associated with NCS or EMG intolerance.ConclusionMost patients tolerated the NCS and EMG; however, a small percentage of patients were intolerant. Clinicians should recognise the intolerance of certain patients when introducing and performing electrodiagnostic tests.
Management and outcome of oncological patients under immune checkpoint inhibitors presenting at the emergency department
Authors: Pini Francesco , Grigoriu Bogdan , Lieveke Ameye , Meert Anne-Pascale 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWith the rising use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncology, emergency physicians are increasingly confronted with their immune-related adverse events (irAEs). We described the types of irAEs presenting to the ED of a Belgian cancer centre and determined associations with the development of an irAE and other patient’s characteristics. Secondary objectives describe the therapeutic management and determine 7 and 30-day mortality.MethodsA retrospective chart review of ED visits of patients on ICI from 15 December 2016 to 6 December 2020 was performed. Clinical presentation, cancer characteristics and type of ICI were extracted by a single abstractor. We recorded any suspicion of irAE in the ED and confirmation of an irAE was based on the patient’s oncologist report. Outcome was based on mortality at date of last follow-up.Results227 patients on ICI presented to the ED, with a total of 451 visits. 54 (12%) of the visits resulted in a diagnosis of irAE. Four clinical features were associated with an irAE: gastrointestinal complaints (p=0.01), skin rashes (p=0.02), acute renal failure (p=0.002) and abnormal liver function (p=0.04). An irAE was also associated with three different factors: a cancer status in remission (OR=5.33, 95% CI 2.57 to 11.04), a combination of two ICIs (OR=4.43, 95% CI 2.09 to 9.42) and a medical history of irAE (OR=2.44, 95% CI 1.27 to 4.68). 30-day mortality was lower in the irAE group (0%) than in the non-irAE group (13%, 95% CI 9% to 19%).ConclusionsOncological patients under ICI presenting in the ED are more likely to have an irAE if they present with gastrointestinal and dermatological complaints, acute renal failure and abnormal liver function. This is also true for patients with any history of irAE, a concomitant use of two ICIs and with a cancer status in remission.
Poverty trajectories and child and mother well-being outcomes in Ireland: findings from an Irish prospective cohort
Authors: JO Driscoll David , Kiely Elizabeth , O'Keeffe Linda M , Khashan Ali S 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundPoverty is associated with poor outcomes, yet exposure to distinct poverty trajectories in early childhood is not well understood.ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of different trajectories of household poverty and their association with mid-childhood and mother indicators of physical health and psychopathology in Ireland.MethodsWe used a nationally representative, prospective cohort (Growing Up in Ireland–Infant Cohort). Household poverty included lowest third income decile, subjective poverty and material deprivation when children were aged 9 months, and 3, 5, 9 years. We used group-based multitrajectory cluster modelling to classify trajectories of poverty. Using multivariable logistic regression, adjusted with separate child and mother confounders, we assessed the association of poverty trajectories from 9 months to 9 years with child outcomes (overweight, any longstanding illness and psychopathology) at age 9 years and the same poverty trajectories over the same 9-year period with mother outcomes (overweight, any longstanding illness and depression).ResultsOf 11 134 participants, 4 trajectories were identified: never in poverty (43.1%), material/subjective>monetary poverty (16.1%), monetary>material poverty (25.6%) and persistent poverty (15.2%). Children in persistent poverty compared with those in never in poverty experienced higher odds of being overweight at 9 years (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.70, 95% CI 1.34, 2.16), having a longstanding illness (aOR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20, 1.91), and psychopathology (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.42, 2.99). The outcomes for primary parents (99.7% were mothers) were as follows: having higher odds of being overweight (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.16, 1.92), having a longstanding illness (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.63, 2.79), and depression (aOR 3.54, 95% CI 2.54, 4.94).ConclusionsAny poverty trajectory was associated with poorer psychopathology and physical well-being in late childhood for children and their mothers in Ireland.
Do athletic ECG changes predict athletic performance in Gurkha recruits?
Authors: Paton Michael , Wong A K H , Cooper D , Pun D , Melhuish J , Parsons I T 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionECG changes are associated with regular long-term intensive exercise due to electrical manifestations of increased vagal tone, increased ventricular wall thickness and enlarged chamber size. The aim of this study was to further understand the relationship of athletic ECG changes and athletic performance in an athletic population.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed in 195 Nepali civilian males undergoing selection to the Gurkhas. V̇O2max(maximal oxygen consumption) was estimated from a 1.5-mile run time using Cooper’s formula and correlated with athletic ECG adaptations. Variables were explored with univariable and multivariable linear regression.ResultsThe median number of athletic changes on ECG was 2 (IQR 1–2). There was no significant correlation (p=0.46) between the number of ECG adaptations and the degree of cardiovascular fitness by estimated V̇O2max(estV̇O2max). We found a negligible but significant correlation between the presence of inferior T wave inversion (TWI) and estV̇O2max(R2=0.03, p=0.02). The multivariable-fitted regression model was: estV̇O2max~Intercept+presence of RVH (right ventricular hypertrophy) voltage criteria+absence of sinus arrhythmia+T wave axis+inferior TWI. The overall regression was statistically significant: R2=0.10, F(df=4, df=189)=[5.4], p=0.0004). All variables in the multivariable model significantly predicted estV̇O2max(p<0.04).ConclusionECG changes of athleticism negligibly predict and differentiate athletic performance in our athletic population. The most predictive ECG markers being voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy and RVH. Markers of increased vagal tone were not predictive. TWI, being a marker for disease, was also a marker for athletic performance in this cohort. The number of athletic ECG adaptations did not predict increased athletic performance.
Analysis of core outcome set reporting in coronary intervention trials
Authors: Duncan Aaron , Shiely Frances 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThis paper will focus on outcome reporting within percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) trials. A core outcome set (COS) is a standardised set of outcomes that are recommended to be reported in every clinical trial. Using a COS can help to ensure that all relevant outcomes are consistently reported across clinical trials. In 2018, the European Society of Cardiology outlined the only COS published for PCI trials.MethodsWe searched the literature for all randomised controlled trials published between 2014 and 2022. PCI trials included were late-phase trials and must investigate coronary intervention. The primary outcome was the proportion of trials that reported all of the COS-defined outcomes within their publication as either a primary, secondary or safety endpoint. The secondary outcomes included; the number of primary outcomes reported per study, the proportion of studies which use patient and public involvement (PPI) during trial design, outcome variability and outcome consistency.Results9580 trials were screened and 115 studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Our study demonstrated that 55% (34/62) of PCI trials used a COS when it was available, compared with 40% (21/53) before the availability of a PCI COS set, p=0.121. Fewer primary outcomes were reported after the implementation of the COS, 2 compared with 2.3, p=0.014. There was no difference in the use of PPI between either group. There was a higher level of variability in outcomes reported before the availability of the COS, while the consistency of outcome reporting remained similar.ConclusionThe use of a COS in PCI trials is low. This study provides evidence that there still is a lack of awareness of the COS among those who design clinical trials. We also presented the inconsistency and heterogenicity in reporting clinical trial outcomes. Finally, there was a clear lack of PPI utilisation in PCI trials.
Six new species of the pill millipede genus Hyleoglomeris Verhoeff, 1910 (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) in Thailand revealed by dna-barcoding
Authors: Likhitrakarn Natdanai , Jeratthitikul Ekgachai , Sapparojpattana Pichsinee , Siriwut Warut , Srisonchai Ruttapon , Jirapatrasilp Parin , Seesamut Teerapong , Poolprasert Pisit , Panha Somsak , Sutcharit Chirasak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Thai species of the pill millipede genus Hyleoglomeris Verhoeff, 1910 are reviewed, and an annotated catalogue is provided. Six new species from Thailand are described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and molecular analyses: H. dracosphaera sp. n., H. nigromaculata sp. n., H. suwannakhuhensis sp. n., H. bomba sp. n., H. tongkerdae sp. n., and H. krasoon sp. n. They are morphologically similar, yet all can be separated based on their characteristic colour patterns, telopod structures and geographic distributions. Genetic differences in the dna barcode region confirm their full species statuses, with interspecific coi p-distances ranging from 9.01% to 16.51% dissimilarity. We also propose the following new synonym: H. hongkhraiensis Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015 = H. cavicola Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2015 syn. n. This is based on the low genetic divergence observed between these two taxa (2.34% coi p-distance). A new distribution map of and a key to all Hyleoglomeris species presently known to occur in Thailand are also provided.
On a small collection of amphipods (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from Chilika Lake with the description of three new species and a new genus
Authors: THACKER DIMPLE , MYERS ALAN A. , TRIVEDI JIGNESHKUMAR N. , MITRA SANTANU 
Published: April 2024

The current study was conducted on the basis of a small collection of amphipods made from Chilika Lake that contained 4 species. Three were described as new species, including one new genus: Parhyale kalinga sp. nov., Chilikorchesta chiltoni gen. nov. sp. nov. and Grandidierella rabindranathi sp. nov., while a fourth one was a previously reported species: Quadrivisio bengalensis Stebbing, 1907. Parhyale kalinga sp. nov. can be differentiated from its closely related congeners Parhyale basrensis Salman, 1986 and Parhyale darvishi Momtazi & Maghsoudlou, 2016 by having male gnathopod 2 propoduswith 2 robust setae at the base of the palm and 2 small setae slightly behind the palm and dactylus much smaller than palm. Chilikorchestia chiltoni gen. nov. sp. nov. can be differentiated from the closely related genus Morinoia Lowry & Myers, 2019 by its incrassate male antenna 2 and untapered telson. Grandidierella rabindranathi sp. nov. can be differentiated from its closely related congeners G. mahafalensis Coutière, 1904 and Grandidierella nioensis Myers, Sreepada & Sanaye, 2019 by having male gnathopod 2 carpus oval shaped with both margins convex.
Two new polyclad (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) flatworm species from the Lakshadweep Islands, India
Authors: DIXIT SUDHANSHU , SREERAJ CHEMMENCHERI RAMAKRISHNAN 
Published: April 2024

Two new species of marine flatworms, Paraplanocera kalpeniensis sp. nov. and Pseudoceros bifascia sp. nov., are described. The specimens were collected from the Lakshadweep Islands (situated in the Arabian Sea) in India and belong to the suborders Acotylea and Cotylea, respectively. Pink coloration with a few irregular white blotches on the dorsum and a white rim surrounding violet and purple marginal bands distinguishes Paraplanocera kalpeniensis sp. nov. from other congeners. Pseudoceros bifascia sp. nov. is characterised by two coloured bands on the pseudotentacles; white background colour with a black pattern on the dorsum; a thin broken orange sub-marginal band followed by a thick white rim and a thin fluorescent coloured longitudinal stripe that runs from cerebral eyespots to the posterior end. This is the fifth description in the genus Paraplanocera from the Indian Ocean and second from the Indian waters. With the inclusion of two new species, the total number of polyclad species found in Indian waters is now seventy-three.