bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional conservatism among Drosophila simulans flies experiencing different thermal regimes and mitochondrial DNA introgression
Authors: Chatelain Étienne Hébert , Pichaud Nicolas , Ballard J. William O. , Tanguay Robert M. , Morrow Geneviève , Blier Pierre U. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDrosophila simulans possesses three different mitochondrial haplotypes (siI, II and III) that are nonrandomly geographically subdivided with a 3% interhaplogroup variation. The aim of this study was to determine whether perturbation of mitochondrial metabolism and ROS management by temperature variation and mtDNA introgression would influence the development of aerobic capacity and the intensity of oxidative stress in D. simulans at different ages. Environmental temperature divergences during development had few impacts on metabolic capacities. Our data suggested strong functional conservatism of mitochondrial haplotypes between the D. simulans lines studied. This conservatism was expressed by the low divergences in either mitochondrial or ROS buffering enzyme activities, or even markers of ROS damage even after disruption of coevolved genomes. Disruption of coevolved mitochondrial and nuclear genomes through mtDNA introgression induced no clear divergence on metabolic phenotype at any state of development. Reduction of cytochrome c oxidase activity that was observed after introgression of one mitochondrial haplotype will require further investigation to delineate whether it is associated with any modification of mito‐nuclear interactions. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 316:188–198, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Travel motivations of tourists to selected marine destinations
Authors: Van der Merwe Petrus , Slabbert Elmarie , Saayman Melville 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTSouth Africa is well known for its favourable climate, wildlife and golden beaches. Adding to this, its long summers make its coastline (over 3500 km) even more attractive to tourists around the world, and so are transforming the South African coast into a major marine tourism attraction. Along this lengthy coastline lie numerous marine destinations attracting thousands of tourists. These destinations offer various activities such as scuba diving, snorkelling, swimming, world class surfing and whale watching to tourists. When trying to capitalise on these assets, marketers clearly state that it is necessary to understand the market that uses them and the reasons people travel. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the travel motives of tourists to selected marine destinations.Five surveys were conducted at marine resorts by means of a structured questionnaire. Two hundred and two (202) questionnaires were completed at Hartenbos, 210 at Jeffrey's Bay, 333 at Margate, 237 at Amanzimtoti and 153 at Plettenberg Bay. The statistical analysis entailed descriptive statistics and a factor analysis of the five surveys. The results revealed similarity regarding escape and relaxation as travel motives when compared to other research. However, time usage and personal attachment were unique motives identified by this study.A combination of psychological motives and of more tangible aspects should be used in tourism marketing strategies in order to attract a higher number of visitors to marine destinations. These results will, therefore, assist marketers and product developers of marine destinations, particularly with the marine tourism product being very similar. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficacy of preoperative neck ultrasound in the detection of cervical lymph node metastasis from thyroid cancer
Authors: Hwang Harry S. , Orloff Lisa A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This study was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of surgeon‐performed preoperative neck ultrasound (US) in the detection of both central and lateral cervical lymph node metastases from thyroid cancer.Study Design:Prospective cohort study.Methods:Data for all patients with thyroid cancers and follicular thyroid lesions who were evaluated by means of preoperative neck US were reviewed. The cervical lymph nodes were assessed for suspicion of metastasis based on US characteristics. The diagnostic accuracy of US was determined according to whether histologically confirmed cancer was present in surgical cervical lymph node specimens.Results:The sensitivity and specificity of US in predicting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastasis in the central neck were 30.0% and 86.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of US in predicting metastasis in the lateral neck were 93.8% and 80.0%, respectively. A subset of patients underwent US followed by revision neck dissection for PTC, and the sensitivity and specificity of US in predicting metastasis in the lateral neck were 100% and 100%, respectively.Conclusions:Preoperative neck US is a valuable tool in assessing patients with thyroid cancers. The highly sensitive and specific nature of US in predicting cervical lymph node metastasis in the lateral neck, especially in the setting of recurrent disease, can provide reliable information to assist in surgical management. Although US for central compartment lymphadenopathy in the presence of the thyroid gland is less sensitive and specific than US for the lateral neck, it still provides useful information that can be obtained at the same time the primary thyroid pathology is assessed. Laryngoscope, 2011
Hydroxytyrosol inhibits growth and cell proliferation and promotes high expression of sfrp4 in rat mammary tumours
Authors: Granados‐Principal Sergio , Quiles Jose L. , Ramirez‐Tortosa Cesar , Camacho‐Corencia Pedro , Sanchez‐Rovira Pedro , Vera‐Ramirez Laura , Ramirez‐Tortosa MCarmen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractScope: Hydroxytyrosol (a phenolic compound derived from virgin olive oil) has demonstrated an anti‐tumour effect in several tumour cell lines in addition to other health‐related properties. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time in an animal model of experimental mammary carcinoma, the anti‐cancer ability of hydroxytyrosol and to discover which pathways are modified by hydroxytyrosol.Methods and results: Dimethylbenz[α]anthracene‐induced mammary tumours were induced in 28 female Sprague–Dawley rats and ten of them were treated with hydroxytyrosol (0.5 mg/kg b.w. 5 days/week for 6 wk). cDNA microarray and quantitative RT‐PCR experiments were performed. Hydroxytyrosol was found to inhibit the experimental mammary tumour growth and proliferation rate, with results comparable to those of doxorubicin but better with regard to the histopathological outcome. It also altered the expression of genes related to apoptosis, cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, survival and transformation pathways.Conclusions: This study shows that hydroxytyrosol exerts anti‐cancer effects in Sprague–Dawley rats with experimental mammary tumours, inhibiting growth and cell proliferation in mammary tumours. Moreover, hydroxytyrosol alters several genes associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis and the Wnt signalling pathway, promoting a high expression of Sfrp4. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the mechanisms of hydroxytyrosol.
Dietary supplements and human health: For better or for worse?
Authors: Jerome‐Morais Anita , Diamond Alan M. , Wright Margaret E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEncouraged by the potential health benefits of higher dietary intake of substances with beneficial properties, the use of supplements containing these compounds has increased steadily over recent years. The effects of several of these, many of which are antioxidants, have been supported by data obtained in vitro, in animal models, and often by human studies as well. However, as carefully controlled human supplementation trials have been conducted, questions about the efficacy and safety of these supplements have emerged. In this Educational Paper, three different supplements were selected for consideration of the benefits and risks currently associated with their intake. The selected supplements include β‐carotene, selenium, and genistein. The use of each is discussed in the context of preclinical and clinical data that provide evidence for both their use in reducing disease incidence and the possible liabilities that accompany their enhanced consumption. Variables that may influence their impact, such as lifestyle habits, baseline nutritional levels, and genetic makeup are considered and the application of these issues to broader classes of supplements is discussed.
Evidences on three relevant obesogenes: MC4R, FTO and PPARγ. Approaches for personalized nutrition
Authors: Razquin Cristina , Marti Amelia , Martinez Jose Alfredo 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObesity is a complex disease that results from the interaction between lifestyle (dietary patterns and sedentary habits) and genetic factors. The recognition of a genetic basis for human obesity has driven to identify putative causal genes to understand the pathways that control body mass and fat deposition in humans as well as to provide personalized treatments and prevention strategies to fight against obesity. More than 120 candidate genes have been associated with obesity‐related traits. Genome‐wide association study has so far identified over 20 novel loci convincingly associated with adiposity. This review is specifically focused on the study of the effects of melanocortin 4 receptor, Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene variants and their interactions with dietary intake, physical activity or drug administration on body weight control. The advances in this field are expected to open new ways in genome‐customized diets for obesity prevention and therapy following personalized approaches.
Protein oxidation in muscle foods: A review
Authors: Lund Marianne N. , Heinonen Marina , Baron Caroline P. , Estévez Mario 
Published: December 2010

AbstractProtein oxidation in living tissues is known to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of relevant degenerative diseases, whereas the occurrence and impact of protein oxidation (Pox) in food systems have been ignored for decades. Currently, the increasing interest among food scientists in this topic has led to highlight the influence that Pox may have on meat quality and human nutrition. Recent studies have contributed to solid scientific knowledge regarding basic oxidation mechanisms, and in advanced methodologies to accurately assess Pox in food systems. Some of these studies have provided insight into the reactions involved in the oxidative modifications undergone by muscle proteins. Moreover, a variety of products derived from oxidized muscle proteins, including cross‐links and carbonyls, have been identified. The impact of oxidation on protein functionality and on specific meat quality traits has also been addressed. Some other recent studies have shed light on the complex interaction mechanisms between myofibrillar proteins and certain redox‐active compounds such as tocopherols and phenolic compounds. This paper is devoted to review the most relevant findings on the occurrence and consequences of Pox in muscle foods. The efficiency of different anti‐oxidant strategies against the oxidation of muscle proteins is also reported.
Effect of polysiloxane and silane‐modified SiO2 on a novel intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system
Authors: Gao Suliang , Li Bin , Bai Peng , Zhang Shengqiang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe effects of polysiloxane and silane‐modified SiO2 (M‐SiO2) on properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (IFR‐PP) have been studied. The results demonstrate that both polysiloxane and M‐SiO2 could effectively enhance the flame retardancy of the IFR‐PP, despite only 20 wt% loading of IFRs. Remarkably, the polysiloxane can clearly improve the water resistance of IFR‐PP. It can obtain UL‐94 V‐0 rating, and its LOI remains over 34% after the water treatment. The surface tension data, XPS data, and SEM sufficiently prove that the some of polysiloxane transfers to the IFR‐PP surface during processing. The TGA data show that the polysiloxane more effectively enhances the thermal stability of the IFR‐PP at high temperature and increases the char residue. The CONE results reveal that the polysiloxane can clearly change the decomposition behavior of PP and markedly reduce flammability parameters. The homogenous and compact intumescent char layers further confirm that polysiloxane is a very effective silicon‐containing additive for the flame retardancy and water resistance of the IFR‐PP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption properties for metal ions of waste poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) fiber after chemical modification
Authors: Qu Rongjun , Sun Xiaoying , Sun Changmei , Ji Chunnuan , Wang Chunhua 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWaste poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) fibers (PPTA) were chemically modified through nitration and nitro‐reduction reactions to obtain nitro‐ and amino‐containing fibers and used as adsorbents for metal ions. The structures of the modified fibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Metal ions, such as Ni2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, were used to determine the adsorption capacities of the PPTA fibers before and after modification in aqueous solutions. The results showed that the modification improved the adsorption capability of fibers and extraction ratio of metal ions significantly. The adsorption mechanism of modified PPTA fibers for metal ions was proposed. The adsorption processes of Ni2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ followed well a pseudosecond‐order model onto PPTA‐NH2. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed to fit the isothermal adsorption. The results revealed that the linear Langmuir isotherm model is better‐fit model to predict the experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, characterization, and properties of semifluorinated organo‐soluble new aromatic polyamides
Authors: Bera Debaditya , Dasgupta Barnali , Chatterjee Shyambo , Maji Samarendra , Banerjee Susanta 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA series of organo‐soluble new polyamides were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of different semifluorinated aromatic diamines, namely 4,4‐bis[3'‐trifluoromethyl‐4'(4“‐amino benzoxy)benzyl]biphenyl; 4,4”‐bis(aminophenoxy)‐3'3“‐trifluoromethyl terphenyl; 1,3‐bis[3'‐trifluoromethyl‐4'(4”‐amino benzoxy)benzyl]benzene; 2,6‐bis(3'‐trifluoromethyl‐p‐aminobiphenyl ether)pyridine; and 2,5‐bis(3'‐trifluoromethyl‐p‐aminobiphenyl ether)thiophene with 5‐t‐butyl‐isophthalic acid. The polymers were fully characterized by elemental analysis and IR, NMR spectroscopies. The synthesized polyamides were soluble in several organic solvents such as 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, N,N‐dimethylformamide, N,N‐dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl sulfoxide at room temperature. They showed inherent viscosities of 0.42–0.63 dl/g. The polyamides exhibited weight‐average molecular weights of up to 233,000, which depended on the exact repeating unit structure. The polyamides synthesized from 4,4‐bis[3'‐trifluoromethyl‐4'(4”‐amino benzoxy)benzyl]biphenyl and 5‐t‐butyl isophthalic acid exhibited highest glass‐transition temperatures 261°C (evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry) in nitrogen. These polyamides showed good thermal stability up to 475°C for a 10% weight loss in air. The polyamides films were clear and flexible in nature with tensile strengths of up to 88 MPa, modulus of elasticity of up to 1.81 GPa, and elongations at break of up to 25%, which depended on the exact repeating unit structure. X‐ray diffraction measurements indicated that these polyamides were amorphous in nature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation between impact strength and fracture surface fractal dimension of ABS filled with hollow glass beads
Authors: Liang J. Z. , Wu C. B. , Wei Z. C. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe hollow glass bead (HGB) filled poly(acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) copolymer (ABS) composites were prepared by means of a twin‐screw extruder. The HGB surface of was treated using a silane coupling agent, and the filler volume fraction was range from 0 to 15%. The impact strength (σI) of the ABS/HGB composites was measured at room temperature. On the basis of the impact fracture surface SEM photograph, the impact fracture surface fractal dimension (Ds) of the composites was measured, respectively, by means of the pixel‐covering method and projective‐covering method and an image processing software, to investigate the relationship between the Ds and σI of the composites. The results showed that the σI was related closely to Ds: σI increased with an increase of Ds, and the relationship between them could be described by an exponential function. Furthermore, the Ds measured by the pixel‐covering method were from 1.6232 to 1.7313, while those measured by the projective‐covering method were from 2.5174 to 2.5752. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physiological activities of chitosan and N‐trimethyl chitosan chloride in U937 and 3T3‐L1 cells
Authors: Ozhan Aytekin A. , Morimura Shigeru , Kida Kenji 
Published: December 2010

AbstractChitosan (CH) is a biopolymer with biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioactive properties. N,N,N‐trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) is a quaternized form of CH that is highly cationic and more water soluble than unmodified CH. The physiological activities of CHs with different molecular weights (Mw) and degrees of TMCs quaternization were investigated in U937 and 3T3‐L1 cell lines. 1H‐NMR spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography were used for characterization of the biopolymers. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of DPPH‐radical‐scavenging activity was below 0.9 mg/m with quaternized CHs. The IC50 values of chitooligosaccharides, low‐ and medium‐molecular‐weight CHs were 8.4, 10.9, and 13.9 mg/ml, respectively. High‐molecular‐weight CHs and TMCs showed apoptotic activity on U937 cells. T41, a TMC of 549 kDa with a 41% degree of quaternization (DQ), yielded 30.7% apoptotic cell death in U937 at 20 µg/ml and effectively repressed cell differentiation and triglyceride accumulation in 3T3‐L1. Depolymerized CHs reduced triglyceride accumulation but also caused cell differentiation. TMCs showed repressor activity to both cell differentiation and triglyceride accumulation. Increasing the molecular weight of CHs and TMCs generally resulted in increased physiological activity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐assembled two‐dimensional porous network in aqueous solution based on perylene diimide phenylacetylene oligomer
Authors: Weissman Haim , Ustinov Alona , Shimoni Eyal , Cohen Sidney R. , Rybtchinski Boris 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTwo‐dimensional porous networks self‐assembled in solution are rare, while maintaining the solution‐phase network structure upon casting on solid supports presents a major challenge. We report on oligoarylacetylene bearing amphiphilic perylene diimide moieties that self‐assemble into a two‐dimensional porous network in aqueous solution that can be cast on surfaces, while maintaining the porous structure. The networks were characterized by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM and cryo‐SEM), and by atomic force microscopy, revealing formation of thin porous films (4‐nm thick). The network can be cast on various solid surfaces, preserving its solution‐phase structure. The design motif utilizing an oligoarylacetylene backbone with interacting amphiphilic pendants appears to be of wide utility for formation of novel assembly patterns. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase I study of tandem high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell rescue for children with recurrent brain tumors: A pediatric blood and marrow transplant consortium study
Authors: Gilman Andrew L. , Jacobsen Chad , Bunin Nancy , Levine John , Goldman Fred , Bendel Anne , Joyce Michael , Anderson Peter , Rozans Marta , Wall Donna A. , MacDonald Tobey J. , Simon Steve , Kadota Richard P. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue (HDC/SCR) has produced responses and prolonged survival for some children with recurrent brain tumors, but is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. A Phase I trial of two cycles of HDC/SCR for recurrent brain tumors in children was performed to determine the maximum tolerated doses for a novel regimen.ProceduresTwo cycles of HDC/SCR were given. Cycle 1 included thiotepa and carmustine given on days −5, −4, and −3. Four to six weeks later, patients received cycle 2 which included thiotepa and carboplatin given on days −5, −4, and −3. Autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were infused on day 0 of each cycle.ResultsThirty‐two patients were treated and 25 patients received both cycles of HDC/SCR. Common toxicities included mucositis, emesis, diarrhea, anorexia, and pancytopenia. Eight of 32 (25%) assessable children died from regimen‐related toxicity. Pulmonary failure occurred in seven patients. Seven patients had grade 3–4 neurotoxicity. The 3‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 25%.ConclusionsWe determined the maximum tolerated regimen to be thiotepa 600 mg/m2 and carmustine 300 mg/m2 followed by thiotepa 600 mg/m2 and carboplatin 1,200 mg/m2. Pulmonary toxicity was considerable. The toxic death rate was similar to other trials of HDC/SCR for children with recurrent brain tumors performed during the same time period. The regimen resulted in prolonged time to progression for a significant number of patients and long‐term survival for some patients with recurrent medulloblastoma and rhabdoid tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 506–513. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The association between smoking and subsequent repeated use of prescribed opioids among adolescents and young adults—a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Log Tomas , Hartz Ingeborg , Handal Marte , Tverdal Aage , Furu Kari , Skurtveit Svetlana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe use of prescribed opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain is increasing in many countries. It is, therefore, important to investigate predictors for repeated use of opioids in young non‐cancer patients.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate adolescent smoking and its association with repeated use of prescription opioids in adolescents/young adults without cancer.MethodsThe study population consisted of 11,809 15–16 year old participants (86% participation rate) in the Norwegian Youth Health Surveys carried out in 2000–2003. The exposure variable, self reported smoking status, was registered in the youth surveys along with potential confounders. Repeated use of opioids, defined as 4+ prescriptions recorded in the nationwide Norwegian Prescription Database during 2004–2008, was used as outcome measure.ResultsAmong the participants included in our study, 161 had redeemed 4+ prescriptions for opioids. Daily adolescent smoking was associated with repeated use of opioids with an adjusted OR of 2.2 (95% CI 1.3–3.5).ConclusionsDaily smoking at 15–16 years of age was associated with increased risk of incident repeated use of prescribed opioids later in life. Our study suggests that smoking dependence in adolescents may predict longer lasting and/or higher levels of opioid use. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.