bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
StrawSnake: A Real-time strawberry instance segmentation network based on the contour learning approach
Authors: Guo Zhiyang , Hu Xing , Zhao Baigan , Wang HuaiWei , Ma XueYing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Fruit recognition is critical for automated harvesting systems. This paper aims to explore a high-precision, real-time method for strawberry recognition. Existing methods for strawberry recognition are mostly pixel-level and box-based. However, these methods cannot accurately or in real-time determine the position of strawberries. Therefore, this paper proposes a new contour-based real-time detection and segmentation network for strawberries, called "StrawSnake." A strawberry-specific octagonal contour is designed based on the shape of strawberries for initial strawberry contour extraction. Deep snake convolution is used for boundary feature extraction and a contour feature aggregation module is proposed, prioritizing important boundary feature channels and enhancing the global context understanding capability of strawberries by aggregating multi-level strawberry contour features. This study obtained a new high-resolution dataset of 3100 strawberry images and the corresponding manually segmented ground truth images (StrawDI_Db1 database). Edge detection was used to label the ground truth images of strawberry contours in the dataset to build strawberry contour labels. Results obtained from testing 200 images in the dataset show that our StrawSnake can achieve real-time strawberry contour recognition at a speed of 39.2 frames per second, with an average accuracy of 59.23%. On another TongStraw_DB built by us, compared with other methods,, our StrawSnake algorithm has also a competitive advantage in terms of segmentation speed and accuracy. Finally, through ablation experiments, we demonstrate the performance improvement brought by DSConv and MFRB. Since our method can be integrated into strawberry automated harvesting systems, it is considered the most promising approach.
Data mining of PubChem bioassay records reveals diverse OXPHOS inhibitory chemotypes as potential therapeutic agents against ovarian cancer
Authors: Sharma Sejal , Feng Liping , Boonpattrawong Nicha , Kapur Arvinder , Barroilhet Lisa , Patankar Manish , Ericksen Spencer 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Focused screening on target-prioritized compound sets can be an efficient alternative to high throughput screening (HTS). For most biomolecular targets, compound prioritization models depend on prior screening data or a target structure. For phenotypic or multi-protein pathway targets, it may not be clear which public assay records provide relevant data. The question also arises as to whether data collected from disparate assays might be usefully consolidated. Here, we report on the development and application of a data mining pipeline to examine these issues. To illustrate, we focus on identifying inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, a druggable metabolic process in epithelial ovarian tumors. The pipeline compiled 8415 available OXPHOS-related bioassays in the PubChem data repository involving 312,093 unique compound records. Application of PubChem assay activity annotations, PAINS, and Lipinski-like bioavailability filters yields 1,852 putative OXPHOS-active compounds that fall into 464 clusters. These chemotypes are diverse but have relatively high hydrophobicity and molecular weight but lower complexity and drug-likeness. These chemotypes show a high abundance of bicyclic ring systems and oxygen containing functional groups including ketones, allylic oxides (alpha/beta unsaturated carbonyls), hydroxyl groups, and ethers. In contrast, amide and primary amine functional groups have a notably lower than random prevalence. UMAP representation of the chemical space shows strong divergence in the regions occupied by OXPHOS-inactive and -active compounds. Of six compounds selected for experimental validation, 4 showed statistically significant inhibition of electron transport in bioenergetics assays. Two of these four compounds, lacidipine and esbiothrin, increased in intracellular oxygen radicals (a major hallmark of most OXPHOS inhibitors) and decreased the viability of two ovarian cancer cell lines, ID8 and OVCAR5. Finally, data from the pipeline were used to train random forest and support vector classifiers that effectively prioritized OXPHOS inhibitory compounds within a held-out test set (ROCAUC 0.962 and 0.927, respectively) and on another set containing 44 documented OXPHOS inhibitors outside of the training set (ROCAUC 0.900 and 0.823). This prototype pipeline is extensible and could be adapted for focus screening on other phenotypic targets for which sufficient public data are available.
Direct Integration of Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide as Top-Gate High−κ Dielectrics for Two-Dimensional Transistors
Authors: Lin Yen-Fu , Lin Che-Yi , Chen Bo-Cia , Liu Yu-Chen , Kuo Shang-Fu , Tsai Hsien-Chi , Chang Yuan-Ming , Kuo Chang-Yang , Chang Chun-Fu , Chen Jyun-Hong , Chu Ying-Hao , Yamamoto Mahito , Shen Chang-Hong , Chueh Yu-Lun , Chiu Po-Wen , Chen Yi-Chun , Yang Jan-Chi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Transistor miniaturization enables integrating billions on a chip but also introduces heat and mobility issues. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, with their ultrathin nature, offer a promising solution to achieving superior gate control. However, the lack of insulators suitable for integration into fully scalable 2D process flows limits their practical use. Here, we report the integration of freestanding Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) membranes as top-gate high-κ dielectrics in conjunction with 2D semiconductors. The HZO dielectrics exhibit classic ferroelectric feature, boasting high dielectric constant (~ 19.5), along with low leakage current (< 2.6×10− 6 A cm− 2 at 1 MV cm− 1). Capitalizing on these advantages, we fabricate molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) transistors with HZO dielectrics, achieving an on/off ratio of 109 and a subthreshold swing of 53 mV dec− 1. Additionally, we demonstrate HZO-gated 2D transistors’s capability to implement inverter, NAND, NOR, AND, OR, XOR, XNOR logic functions and a 1-bit full adder. Finally, we create a MoS2 transistor with a channel length of ~ 13 nm, exhibiting an on/off of over 108 and SS of 70 mV dec− 1. The successful integration of ferroelectric, high-κ HZO as a top gate material effectively addresses current challenges and paves the way for the advancement of 3D integrated circuits utilizing 2D materials.
Test Validity of The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire for Pregnant Women in Indonesia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kurniawati Wiwit , Abdullah Khatijah Lim , Lantu Nurlela , Santi Neni Fidya , Astuti Yunita Laila , Faradiena Fayna , Kusumaningrum Arie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Fear of childbirth (FOC) become a common psychological health problem for pregnant women. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ) is a common tool for assessing FOC which had, not yet been validated in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the W-DEQ in Indonesia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 pregnant women at a Public Health Center in Indonesia. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to test the construct validity of the W-DEQ.
Results: The mean age of participants was 29.64 years (SD = 4.85) and their pregnancy age mean was 28 weeks (SD = 8.51). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Indonesian version of the W-DEQ indicated a unidimensional (one-factor) structure with bifactor which indicated that this instrument besides measuring FOC, also indicates another factor (self-confidence and negative expectation). The Comparative Fit Index/CFI (0.939) and the Tucker-Lewis Index/TL (0.930) goodness of fit indices non-parametric were obtained, showing that the final model (23 items) of W-DEQ is acceptable with a note of improvement on some items.
Conclusions: The Indonesian version of W-DEQ is a valid tool for screening and assessing mothers’ childbirth fear among Indonesian women in this pilot study. However, adjustments need to be made to apply this instrument on a national scale.
A mutual AKE protocol on the SIS problem
Authors: Yan Yang , zhou limin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In the quantum era, the key exchange protocol with mutual authentication pays an important role for communication parties to establish the shared session key, and the security of protocols is gradually being emphasized. Based on previous results,we build a simple mutual AKE protocol on the SIS problem and prove its security in the ROM. In addition, due to matrix-vector multiplication instead of exponentiation, it has less computation, and communication cost is less thank to lack of symmetric encryption/decryption as well as less storage and implementation cost in contrast with existed method and it has high practicality.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) 06D50
Backbone and methyl side-chain resonance assignments of the Fab fragment of adalimumab
Authors: Sarker Muzaddid , Aubin Yves 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Adalimumab is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody developed to target human TNF an important mediator of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, amongst others. The 48 kDa Fab fragment of adalimumab was produced in Escherichia coli using a single chain approach to allow complete isotopic incorporation of deuterium, carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 along with the protonated isoleucine-d, valine and leucine methyl groups. Here we report the near complete resonance assignment of the polypeptide backbone and the methyl groups of isoleucine, leucine and valine residues.
The efficacy of two kinds of scissor-type knives for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: A retrospective comparative study
Authors: Shen Jianhua , Yoshida Naohisa , Kobayashi Reo , Inoue Ken , Hirose Ryohei , Dohi Osamu , Konishi Hideyuki , Tomita Yuri , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Scissor-type knives are spreading as safe devises in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We evaluated the efficacy of two kinds of scissor-type knives (Clutch Cutter: CC, Fujifilm and SB knife Jr2: SB, SB-Kawasumi) in colorectal ESD.
Methods
This single-center retrospective study analyzed 178 ESD cases treated with CC from January 2020 to August 2021 and 91 cases with SB from September 2021 to December 2023. The two groups were compared through propensity score matching. Therapeutic results, such as ESD procedure time, en bloc resection rate, perioperative bleeding frequency, and complications, were analyzed in each group. Risk factors for long ESD procedure time (≥ 90 min) were also examined.
Results
After matching, 87 cases in each group were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the ESD procedure time (min, median [interquartile range]) between the CC and SB groups (54 [36–72] vs. 53 [39–72], p = 0.99). Additionally, there were no differences in the en bloc resection (100% vs. 100%, p = 1.00), perioperative perforation (1.1% vs. 1.1%, p = 1.00), or delayed bleeding (1.1% vs. 0.0%, p = 1.00). There was a significant difference in perioperative bleeding frequency (mean ± standard deviation: 1.8 ± 2.6 vs. 3.0 ± 3.5, p < 0.01). The significant risk factors (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) for long ESD procedure time in patients treated with CC or SB were antiplatelet (7.51 [1.82-31.00]), large lesion size (1.08 [1.05–1.12]), severe fibrosis (24.30 [7.60–77.90]), and perioperative bleeding frequency (1.34 [1.14–1.56]).
Conclusions
CC and SB in colorectal ESD enabled high en bloc resection and low complication rates. CC showed significantly less perioperative bleeding than SB.
Genomics of the TGF-beta subfamily in Cancer
Authors: Choudhury Shouhartha 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) subfamily regulates a magnificent spectrum of cellular processes and controls diseases, including cancer. The unique components of TGF-β had duplex roles in tumorigenesis. In tumorigenesis, TGF-beta has a tumour suppressive response observed by cell cycle block and cell death. So, TGF-β reveals a driving force of tumour elongation and metastasis by cumulative tumour cell interference and migration to promote therapeutic resistance. In this outlook, the study objected to identifying the TGFB domain-mediated gene in two mammalian genomes. So, perform bioinformatics and computational techniques to the current wisdom of the TGF-beta subfamily in two genomes. Primary observation demonstrated that the composition of nucleotides and peptides in the TGF-beta 1 gene in Homo sapiens. Also, the investigation forwarded the sum of TGFB domain-mediated genes in the TGF-beta subfamily in both organisms. Further analysis of TGF-beta 1 (target sequence), a unit of the TGF-beta subfamily, demonstrated the 3D structure, conserved domain, sequence motifs, phylogeny, gene expression and gene network, chromosome location, and pathways. Hence, the study outcome and proof of the molecular functions and mechanisms confirmed that the TGF-beta subfamily plays a fundamental role during tissue homeostasis in organisms.
Field application of tea volatiles mediating host selection of Aleurocanthus spiniferus
Authors: Jia Zhi-Fei , Huang Li-Yun , Bian Ya-Nan , Song Kai , Li Dan-Dan , Li Zhao-Qun , Xu Yong-Yu , Chen Zhen-Zhen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aleurocanthus spiniferus is a major pest of tea trees; both nymphs and adults suck plant sap and induce tea sooty mould. Pest occurrence varies significantly among different tea cultivars, even within the same plantation environment. It was speculated that adult A. spiniferus may be differentially attracted by different cultivars. This study aims to identify the bioactive components in tea volatiles that mediate host selection of A. spiniferus and to utilize them for effective field trapping. Through field investigations and Y-tube olfactometer tests, we identifiedtwo highly preferred tea cultivars (‘Huangjinya’ and ‘Fuding white tea’) and two cultivars (‘Baiye No. 1’ and ‘Longjing 43’) that were not. Behavioral assays and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified four attractive compounds [hexanol, (E)-2-hexenal, linalool, and (E,E)-α-farnesene] and two repellent compounds [nonanal and (Z)-3-hexenol] from tea volatiles of the four. Among these compounds, four [nonanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, linalool and (E,E)-α-farnesene] were able to elicit obvious electrophysiological (EAG) response at 100 μg/μL. In field trials, the synergistic bait trap equipped with two types of attractants, blend 4 [the mixture of linalool and (E,E)-α-farnesene] at 100 μg/μL and blend 6 [the mixture of linalool and (Z)-3-hexenol] at 100 μg/μL, had a significant attractant effect with a long effective period. Two synthetic mixtures of tea volatiles, blend 4 and blend 6, had the potential to be developed as commercial plant-based attractants for adult A. spiniferus. This study contributes to the development of sustainable, environmentally friendly management strategies for a pest that is difficult to prevent and control.
Threatened saproxylic beetle species in tree hollows react more sensitively to surrounding landscape composition in central European managed forests than total species richness
Authors: Henneberg Benjamin , Feldhaar Heike , Förtsch Sebastian , Schauer Bastian , Obermaier Elisabeth 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

1. Veteran deciduous trees are a rare element in today’s central European managed forests due to intensive forest management over the last 200 years, resulting in a loss of dead wood habitats like tree hollows. Saproxylic beetle species depend on dead wood, and habitat specialists, such as species relying on tree hollows, are largely threatened. 2. To better understand how to protect saproxylic beetle assemblages in tree hollows at a landscape scale we collected beetles from tree hollows in three forest regions in Bavaria using emergence traps. We related landscape composition at spatial scales of 300–5000 m around the tree hollows to beetle diversity in the hollows using CORINE satellite data. We also modelled four dispersal-associated morphological traits as well as functional diversity indices of the beetles in relation to landscape composition. 3. The proportion of deciduous forest surrounding the tree hollows had positive effects on species richness of saproxylic beetles in two of the three study regions. Positive effects on threatened species were more pronounced than effects on total species richness at all spatial scales. Relationships between functional diversity and landscape composition only partly confirmed our expectations regarding better dispersal ability of beetles in isolated habitat patches. 4. Our study indicates that threatened saproxylic beetles react more sensitively to landscape compositional changes than common species. In the light of ongoing habitat fragmentation, efforts to protect threatened saproxylic beetle species should not only include single forest stands but focus on a landscape scale and support connectivity of forest patches.
A facile strategy to reinforce styrene-butadiene rubber with modulus domain
Authors: Ran Lijun , Wang Xiaoping 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The incorporation of fillers into the elastomer matrix is universally acknowledged as an effective strategy for fabricating superior-performance rubber materials, which depends on filler dispersion and interfacial interaction. In this work, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with high modulus domains were prepared via the in situ reaction of epoxy resin (E51) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and a satisfactory mechanical properties reinforcement effect. The crosslinked network was confirmed by high-temperature infrared spectroscopy, vulcanization properties and activation energy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that the dispersed phase formed by the in situ reaction of E51 with DDM was uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Furthermore, with the loading of E51 from 5 phr to 15 phr, Atomic force microscopy (AFM) further confirmed that the size of the dispersed phase increased from 400 nm ~ 1 µm to 750 nm ~ 2 µm, and that the dispersed phase formed a high-modulus “domain” with low adhesion in the matrix, and the modulus increased from 90.1 MPa to 279.3 MPa, whereas the modulus of the SBR matrix was maintained at 11 ~ 15 MPa, and there was an interfacial layer with a thickness of 304 nm ~ 470 nm between the domain and the SBR matrix. At E51 loading of 15 phr, the 300% modulus, strength and fracture toughness of the specimen was significantly increased to 3.58 MPa, 6.34 MPa and 17.41 MJ/m3, respectively, which were 2.50, 3.30 and 3.03 times higher than those of SBR. The approach suggested in this research introduces an innovative method for reinforcing unfilled rubbers.
Clinical significance of cerebral microbleeds in patients with germinoma who underwent long-term follow-up
Authors: Kanamori Masayuki , Mugikura Shunji , Iizuka Osamu , Mori Naoko , Shimoda Yoshiteru , Shibahara Ichiyo , Umezawa Rei , Jingu Keiichi , Saito Ryuta , Sonoda Yukihiko , Kumabe Toshihiro , Suzuki Kyoko , Endo Hidenori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study identified the factors affecting cerebral microbleed (CMBs) development. Moreover, their effects on intelligence and memory and association with stroke in patients with germinoma who had long-term follow-up were evaluated.
Methods
Patients histologically and clinically diagnosed with and treated for germinoma were included in this analysis. These patients were evaluated cross-sectionally, with a focus on CMBs on susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI) and intelligence and memory.
Results
The follow-up period was from 32 to 412 (median: 175.5) months. In total, 46 (72%) patients had CMB. The total number of CMBs was 523 (8.1 per patient). Patients with recurrence had a significantly higher number of CMBs based on analysis of covariance adjusted for intervals from the initial treatment to the acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging images. ༴he patients were classified into the CMB-high and CMB-low groups with the median number of CMB. Patients with a high CMB had a lower processing speed score than those with a low CMB. Before SWI acquisition and during the follow-up periods, eight strokes occurred in four patients. Greater than 15 CMBs were found on SWI in all four patients. Meanwhile, 51 patients with < 14 CMBs did not experience stroke.
Conclusion
Patients with a longer time from treatment initiation had a high number of CMBs. Further, the number of CMBs increased over time, and recurrence was a significant risk factor of CMB development. Finally, the increased number of CMBs was related to the decline in process speed and stroke onset.
Transcriptome sequencing reveals differential expression of circRNAs in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: wang nan , Gao Yongheng , Xue Peini , Ma Ruina , Li Yanyan , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Object:
To discover the mechanism underlying the role of circulating RNA (circRNA) in pulmonary microvascular permeability in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Methods
We developed an in vitro model of ARDS using cultured human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) and lipopolysaccharide challenge. Genome sequencing showed significant differences among cells in the expression of circRNA. GO and KEGG analysis of target genes were conducted. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed. GO enrichment of target genes in the ceRNA network was analyzed.
Result
Genome sequencing results showed that a total of 379 significantly up-regulated and 448 significantly down-regulated circRNAs. The 10 circRNAs with the greatest degree of up-regulation and the 10 circRNAs with the greatest degree of down-regulation were identified. The results of GO enrichment analysis indicated that differential circRNA expression may mediate the cellular response to DNA damage, including DNA repair. The results of KEGG analysis indicated that the mechanism by which differential circRNA expression exerts these effects may involve the MAPK signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis of target genes in the ceRNA network showed that the circRNAs were mainly involved in the fluid shear stress response, angiogenesis regulation, vascular development, and cell adhesion.
Conclusion
Differential expression of circRNAs may play an important role in ARDS, especially in the control of HPMEC permeability. The circRNAs found to have differential expression in response to DNA damage may also be used as biomarkers for early prediction of ARDS disease.
Green and Sustainable Bamboo Leaf Ash Derived WO 3 Impregnated Mesoporous KIT-6 Catalyst for Acetalization of Glycerol to Biofuel Additives: Activation Energy Calculation
Authors: Shanmugam Manimaran , Arumugam Pandurangan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Utilizing surplus glycerol from biodiesel production for dioxolane synthesis, a significant fuel enhancer, is pivotal. We developed mesoporous spherical KIT-6 supported WO3 using sodium silicate derived from bamboo leaf ash (BLA) and ammonium tungstate hydrate. Characterization via XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, and XPS confirmed KIT-6's phase purity. WO3 impregnation on BLA-KIT-6 notably improved glycerol conversion and dioxolane selectivity compared to amorphous KIT-6 from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), primarily due to its advantageous spherical morphology. Spherical structures typically offer higher surface areas, facilitating more active sites for acid catalysis and thereby enhancing acidity. Additionally, glycerol conversion and dioxolane selectivity over the WO3/BLA-KIT-6 catalyst were higher with p-nitrobenzaldehyde due to its -M effect, while long chain aldehydes exhibited reduced conversion due to their + I effect. Conversely, cyclic ketones displayed heightened reactivity in glycerol acetalization over WO3/BLA-KIT-6 catalyst. Catalyst recyclability and hot-filtration tests verified its stability and heterogeneity. The Arrhenius plot yielded an apparent activation energy of 37.098 kJ/mol for the WO3/BLA-KIT-6 catalyst.