bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion from Continuous Insulin Infusions to Subcutaneous Insulin in Critically III Patients
Authors: Weant Kyle A , Ladha Alim 
Published: April 2009

Background: Continuous insulin infusions have become a standard of care in many intensive care units (ICUs); however, methods for transitioning patients from continuous infusions to other insulin therapies have not been extensively evaluated. Objective: To determine the most effective method for transitioning ICU patients from continuous insulin infusions to subcutaneous insulin therapy. Methods: A searchable pharmacy database at the University of North Carolina Hospitals was used to retrospectively identify adults admitted to the neurosurgery ICU and prescribed a continuous insulin infusion between May 2007 and February 2008, All patients were transitioned to subcutaneous insulin upon floor transfer. Patients were stratified according to the dose of subcutaneous insulin as a percentage of their prior 24-hour continuous insulin requirement and then analyzed on the rate of achievement of goal blood glucose values (80–150 mg/dL) within the first 48 hours after transition. Results: A total of 769 blood glucose values from 79 patients were recorded during the study. Data analysis demonstrated significantly lower median blood glucose values with the use of subcutaneous insulin doses that were 60–70% of insulin infusion requirements when compared with all other groups. For patients without a history of diabetes mellitus, the use of a subcutaneous dose that was 60–70% of the insulin infusion requirement resulted in a significantly greater percentage of patients within the target range compared with other groups (78%; p < 0.05). For those with a history of diabetes, subcutaneous doses higher than 70% of the insulin infusion requirement yielded the most frequent achievement of target values, although there was substantial variability within this group. No significant difference was noted in the incidence of hypoglycemia (blood glucose <80 mg/dL) between groups, although the frequency of hypoglycemia was almost twice as high in the group with diabetes as in those without it (4.2% vs 2.2%). Conclusions: Methods currently used to transition patients off insulin infusions vary widely. Initial data suggest that utilizing 60–70% of the 24-hour insulin infusion requirement as a subcutaneous dose would result in blood glucose values of 80–150 mg/dL 70% of the time. Further study is necessary to adequately assess the optimal insulin infusion transition protocol for critically ill patients to ensure both safety and efficacy.
Role of Trabecular Microarchitecture in Whole-Vertebral Body Biomechanical Behavior
Authors: Fields Aaron J , Eswaran Senthil K , Jekir Michael G , Keaveny Tony M 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The role of trabecular microarchitecture in whole-vertebral biomechanical behavior remains unclear, and its influence may be obscured by such factors as overall bone mass, bone geometry, and the presence of the cortical shell. To address this issue, 22 human T9 vertebral bodies (11 female; 11 male; age range: 53–97 yr, 81.5 ± 9.6 yr) were scanned with μCT and analyzed for measures of trabecular microarchitecture, BMC, cross-sectional area, and cortical thickness. Sixteen of the vertebrae were biomechanically tested to measure compressive strength. To estimate vertebral compressive stiffness with and without the cortical shell for all 22 vertebrae, two high-resolution finite element models per specimen—one intact model and one with the shell removed—were created from the μCT scans and virtually compressed. Results indicated that BMC and the structural model index (SMI) were the individual parameters most highly associated with strength (R2 = 0.57 each). Adding microarchitecture variables to BMC in a stepwise multiple regression model improved this association (R2 = 0.85). However, the microarchitecture variables in that regression model (degree of anisotropy, bone volume fraction) differed from those when BMC was not included in the model (SMI, mean trabecular thickness), and the association was slightly weaker for the latter (R2 = 0.76). The finite element results indicated that the physical presence of the cortical shell did not alter the relationships between microarchitecture and vertebral stiffness. We conclude that trabecular microarchitecture is associated with whole-vertebral biomechanical behavior and that the role of microarchitecture is mediated by BMC but not by the cortical shell.
Successful Field Trial of a Novel Abrasive Jetting Tool Designed to Create Large Diameter-Long Cavities in the Formation to Enhance Stimulation Treatments
Authors: Solares J. Ricardo , Amorocho J. Ricardo , Bartko K. , Leising L. , Erkol Z. , Kelkar S. , Venkateshwaran R. , Saldeev R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Gas exploration wells are being drilled in high pressure and temperature environments targeting low permeability and high fracture gradient formations that push the envelope of conventionally used technologies. Thus, conventional perforating techniques are often not sufficient to break down the formation during fracturing operations in this type of wells.
A novel system, specially designed to enable hydraulic fracturing in challenging producers was successfully field-tested. The system includes an anchor, a multi-cycle incrementing and stroking tool (MCIST), and a jetting sub with multiple nozzles. The anchor is used to prevent axial motion of the jetting head while jet cutting, which overcomes the long-standing problem of tubing stretch due to pressure changes and vibration during abrasive perforating operations. With the anchor as a depth reference base, the MCIST changes length upon command from the surface and uses sequential jetting to create a series of evenly spaced perforations in the casing, with corresponding large diameter longitudinal slots in the formation, in a controlled and evenly spaced fashion. The tool design and testing process, details about the field trial experience as part of a stimulation treatment, and the excellent post-stimulation results achieved are discussed in the paper.
Evaluation of owner attachment to dogs on the basis of whether owners are legally considered guardians of their pets
Authors: Helms Timothy D. , Bain Melissa J. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate whether dog owners who are legally considered guardians are more attached to their dogs than those who are not.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Sample Population—Dog owners from northern California.
Procedures—274 dog owners completed a standardized survey while visiting full-service veterinary and mobile vaccination clinics in a city in which dog owners were legally designated as owner/guardian and in another city in which no such designation was made. Degree of owner attachment to their dog was assessed with a standardized scale.
Results—The degree to which owners were attached to their dog was associated with city of residence, owner age, and whether owners were completely satisfied with their dog's behavior. Owners residing in the guardian city had a lower attachment score. There was no significant difference in the percentage of dogs vaccinated against rabies in each city, nor was there any difference in the percentage of licensed dogs. Attachment scores did not differ between participants who visited mobile versus free-standing clinics. Owners with > 1 dog in their household reported a higher degree of attachment to the study dog than did owners of 1 dog.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dog owners residing in a city where owners were legally designated as an owner/guardian were no more attached to their dog than those living in a city without such a designation. Although results did not indicate a negative impact of the term guardian, its use was not associated with an enhanced bond between owner and dog.
Outcomes of podotrochlear (navicular) bursa injections for signs of foot pain in horses evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging: 23 cases (2005–2007)
Authors: Bell Chris D. , Howard Rick D. , Taylor D. Scott , Voss Ed D. , Werpy Natasha M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical outcome following intrathecal injection of the podotrochlear (navicular) bursa for signs of foot pain in horses evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluate efficacy of corticosteroids administered with or without hyaluronate.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—23 horses.
Procedures—Data collected included signalment, history, intended use, duration and severity of lameness, results of diagnostic anesthesia, radiographic abnormalities, MRI abnormalities, and outcomes for return to use.
Results—MRI was conducted on 23 horses with lameness localized to the foot. Thirteen horses had bilateral forelimb lameness, and 10 had unilateral forelimb lameness. Mean duration of lameness was 10.5 months. Seventeen of 23 (74%) horses had excellent outcomes and returned to intended use within 2 to 4 weeks after navicular bursa injection. Hyaluronate treatment was not associated with outcome; however, horses receiving < 10 mg of trimacinolone had significantly worse outcomes than those treated with hyaluronate. Among horses with excellent outcomes, mean duration of soundness was 7.3 months. Seven of 8 horses with erosive lesions of the flexor surface of the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone diagnosed via MRI had a poor outcome. Horses with navicular bursitis responded optimally to injection, compared with horses with other problems.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that intrathecal injection of corticosteroid in horses with erosions of the flexor surface of the navicular bone associated with deep digital flexor tendon adhesions yielded a poor response. Treatment of horses with navicular bursitis via injection of the navicular bursa should be highly effective in alleviating lameness.
Equivalence between adaptive feedforward cancellation and disturbance rejection using the internal model principle
Authors: Guo Xiuyan , Bodson Marc 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe paper shows that a large class of adaptive algorithms for disturbance cancellation yields control systems that are equivalent to compensators implementing the internal model principle (IMP). The fact has been known to be true for periodic disturbances with fixed frequency. However, the paper shows that the result can be extended to disturbances of time‐varying frequency (i.e. frequency‐modulated signals), regardless of the rate of variation of the frequency. In particular, several adaptive controllers are shown to be equivalent to linear time‐varying compensators implementing the IMP. Further, a pseudo‐gradient algorithm produces the same responses as a polytopic linear parameter‐varying compensator. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural change and market power in the U.S. food manufacturing sector
Authors: Stiegert Kyle W. , Wang Shinn‐Shyr , Rogers Richard T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study develops an intertemporally linked market model to explore the relationships between price‐cost margins, market concentration, and advertising outlay. The study used data from 48 four‐digit SIC (standardized industrial classification) codes for the Food and Tobacco Processing Industries during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. The authors' findings provide evidence that both high and low levels of performance provide signals to industries to consolidate, but for obvious and different reasons. Further, increased consolidation leads to increased entry barriers (advertising) and higher profits to the industry. Our findings are supportive of both Chicago and Traditionalist Schools of thought about antitrust enforcement: Neither emerges in a dominant position. Endogeneity issues and findings within the intertemporal structure cast considerable doubt about overly simplistic structure–performance paradigms of firm behavior. [JEL Code: L11, L40, L66]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence of the role of marketing arrangements and valuation methods in improving beef quality
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Muth Mary K. , Koontz Stephen R. , Lawrence John D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLow and inconsistent beef quality has been blamed by some for the losses of beef's share of total meat consumption. Tighter vertical coordination through use of alternative marketing arrangements and more precise price signaling through use of different cattle valuation methods may help improve beef quality because these mechanisms facilitate information exchange enabling producers to respond better to consumer demand. For the congressionally mandated Livestock and Meat Marketing Study, we modeled differences in levels and variances of cattle quality associated with particular marketing arrangements and valuation methods using fed cattle purchase data from 29 large U.S. beef packing plants for October 2002 through March 2005. Results indicate fed cattle procured through marketing agreements and packer ownership had higher and more consistent quality compared to other types of arrangements. Auction market cattle quality was the most inconsistent. Fed cattle valued using carcass weight with a grid were associated with higher and more consistent quality. [EconLit Citation: Q13]. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast identification of thermostable beta‐glucosidase mutants on cellobiose by a novel combinatorial selection/screening approach
Authors: Liu Wenjin , Hong Jiong , Bevan David R. , Zhang Y.‐H. Percival 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEngineering costly cellulases on natural cellulosic substrates is of importance for emerging biomass‐based biorefineries. Directed enzyme evolution is becoming a popular tool, but identification of desired mutants from a large mutant library remains challenging sometimes. In this work, we demonstrated a novel combinatorial selection/screening strategy for finding thermostable beta‐glucosidase on its natural substrate—cellobiose. First, selection was conducted through complementation of beta‐glucosidase for non‐cellobiose‐utilizing Escherichia coli so that only the cells expressing active beta‐glucosidase can grow on a M9 synthetic medium with cellobiose as the sole carbon source (selection plate). Second, the clones on the selection plates were duplicated by using nylon membranes. After heat treatment, the nylon membranes were overlaid on M9/cellobiose screening plates so that remaining activities of thermostable beta‐glucosidase mutants hydrolyzed cellobiose on the screening plates to glucose. Third, the growth of an indicator E. coli strain that can utilize glucose but not cellobiose on the screening plates helped detect the thermostable beta‐glucosidase mutants on the selection plates. Several thermostable mutants were identified from a random mutant library of the Paenibacillus polymyxa beta‐glucosidase. The most thermostable mutant A17S had an 11‐fold increase in the half‐life of thermoinactivation at 50°C. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 1087–1094. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing accuracy of analytical methods by regression
Authors: Kemény S. , Deák A. , Bánfai B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe usual procedures for testing the accuracy of analytical methods are criticized. Testing the average bias, as well as zero intercept and unit slope are all questionable procedures. Application of the general regression hypothesis test is applicable, but its pair of hypotheses is not relevant. The relevant question is: if the bias exceeds an acceptable level or not? This is an interval hypothesis, that may be properly tested using the two one‐sided t‐tests (TOST) approach. It is practically executed by calculating the 1–2β confidence band for the bias, and checking if it is within the allowed interval throughout the concentration range. If the bias does not depend on the concentration, this method is identical to the TOST procedure for the average bias. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new piezoelectric single crystal obtained by Ge doping in the SiO2 structure
Authors: Miclau M. , Miclau N. , Poienar M. , Grozescu I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe interest of Si1–xGexO2 single crystals with alpha‐quartz structure is connected to improvement of electromechanical coefficients and rise of α – β phase transition of quartz one. Growth of an α‐SixGe1–xO2 crystal was realized by a hydrothermal method of temperature gradient in autoclaves, made from Cr–Ni alloys. Nutrient material was prepared from synthetic quartz as crashed rods and placed in the bottom of autoclaves. There was loaded GeO2 powder additive in proportions to quartz nutrient. Single crystals were investigated by electron microprobe analysis, X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The most important result, which was obtained during the investigations, is an experimental proof of growth of α‐SixGe1–xO2 single crystals under the hydrothermal conditions. The present results thus open the possibility to tune the piezoelectric properties of these materials by varying the chemical composition. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and structural analysis of angled Te nanocrystals
Authors: Deng D. W. , Li P. , Gu Y. Q. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this paper, a new direct method to prepare angled Te nanocrystals (NCs) in the isotropic thiol‐ligand system from the transformation of MA‐stabilized CdTe nanoparticles (NPs) induced by the post‐addition of L‐cysteine was presented, without removing aforehand the protective shell of organic stabilizer. Besides nanorods, angled Te nanocrystals, including nanocheckmarks, X‐shaped, nanomoths, y‐shaped, and so on, also were obtained. By means of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED) and powder X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), we further investigated intensively the internal crystal structure of angled Te NCs and the growth direction of the arms in this study. The experimental results obtained show that the preferential growth direction of either arms in nanocheckmarks is along the [001] direction of trigonal Te, and the corresponding contact plane should be (112) of hexagonal lattice. In the meantime, these results also confirm that L‐cysteine not only can be used as the stabilizer for the synthesis of aqueous CdTe NPs as reported previously, but also can act as a strong complexing agent like EDTA, inducing the decomposition of CdTe NPs, i.e. the transformation from CdTe NPs to Te nanocrystals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parallel Crystallization of a “Static” and a Spin‐Crossover Polymorph of an Iron(II) Complex from the Same Solution
Authors: Haryono Marco , Heinemann Frank W. , Petukhov Konstantin , Gieb Klaus , Müller Paul , Grohmann Andreas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe ligand 2,6‐bis(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)‐4‐(thiocyanatomethyl)pyridine (L) has been prepared from the hydroxymethyl precursor by OH/Br exchange and subsequent thiocyanate substitution. Two polymorphs of the unsolvated iron(II) complex [Fe(L)2](BF4)2 crystallize at room temperature from the same solution (MeOH), and side by side. One (yellow) is high spin between 4 and 350 K, whereas the other (red‐brown) shows spin crossover, with a thermal spin‐transition centred at 272 K (width ca. 50 K). Both forms have been fully characterized by variable‐temperature structure determination and magnetic susceptibility measurements. At a given temperature, the solid‐state structures differ strongly with respect to the coordination geometry at iron(II), the orientation of the thiocyanatomethyl substituents, and cation‐anion contacts. The implications of these structural differences for the observed spin behaviour are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Nanocapsules by Miniemulsion Polymerization with Biodegradable Surfactant and Hydrophobe
Authors: Romio Ana P. , Sayer Claudia , Araújo Pedro H. H. , Al‐Haydari Mariam , Wu Libo , da Rocha Sandro R. P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractNanocapsules (NCs) are promising candidates for the controlled and targeted delivery of therapeutics in a variety of biomedical applications. In this work we report the formation of NCs by miniemulsion polymerization with renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible surfactant (lecithin) and hydrophobe (Neobee M5). PMMA was employed as the model (and biocompatible) polymer to synthesize the NCs. Stable dispersions of NCs with sizes between 200–500 nm in diameter and high encapsulation efficiencies were achieved. The effect of the surfactant concentration and mechanical energy input on the size of the parent miniemulsion droplet, and on the resulting NCs was followed by DLS measurements. The final particle morphology was confirmed by SEM and TEM.magnified image
Fabrication of Polyethylene Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Stretching‐Controlled Micromolding
Authors: Feng Jie , Huang Mingda , Qian Xin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a novel process that is stretching‐controlled thermal micromolding, to fabricate bionic superhydrophobic polyethylene films. Low‐density polyethylene was thermally pressed in a vacuum oven onto PDMS stamps replicated from lotus leaves. After being cooled and peeled off from the stamps, the polyethylene films with superhydrophobic surface were created, exhibiting a water contact angle of 154.1 ± 3.5° and a rolling angle of ≈7°. SEM imaging showed that the superhydrophobic surface had micro‐papillas much higher than those on the lotus leaf, demonstrating the papillas had been stretched longer from the holes on the stamp during the separating process. This study shows that micromolding is a promising technique for large scale production of superhydrophobic films, even if the holes on the mold are not deep enough.magnified image
Combating key‐swapping collusion attack on random pairwise key pre‐distribution schemes for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Tran Dai Thanh , Agbinya Johnson I. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractRandom pairwise key pre‐distribution schemes have been adopted extensively as a preferred approach to tackling the pairwise key agreement problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, their practical applicability is threatened by the key‐swapping collusion attack (KSCA) whose goal is to ruin critical applications that requires collaborative efforts of sensor nodes such as data aggregation mechanisms, routing protocols, distributed voting schemes and misbehaviour detection systems, etc. In this paper, we propose a light‐weight framework for thwarting the attack. Our proposed framework makes good use of a winning combination of incremental sensor node deployment and a diversified one‐way hash chain. The framework thereby evades undesirable costly requirements of additional functionalities and resources to aggregators and base stations, topological knowledge in advance or costly location‐based detection algorithms, yet maintaining network scalability. Moreover, the in‐depth analytical and experimental analyses conducted on two node capture attack models show that the framework eradicates the KSCA under one attack while demonstrating most likely immunity under the other attack. Finally, the detailed performance evaluation carried outviasimulations indicates the plausibility of the framework for use in the current generation of sensor nodes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.