bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) with optimal emission effi‐ ciency
Authors: Singh Jai 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe external emission efficiency of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) is analysed by studying the rate of spontaneous emission of both singlet and triplet excitons and their corresponding radiative lifetimes. Rates of spontaneous emissions are calculated from the first order perturbation theory using the newly discovered time‐dependent spin‐orbit‐exciton‐photon interaction operator as the perturbation operator. It is clearly shown how the new interaction operator is responsible for attracting triplet excitons to a phosphor (heavy metal atom) and then it flips the spins to a singlet configuration. Thus, the spin forbidden transition becomes spin allowed. Calculated rates agree with the experimental results qualitatively. Results are of general interests for OLED studies. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurements of thermal characteristics in silicon germanium un‐cooled micro‐bolometers
Authors: Moreno Mario , Ambrosio Roberto , Torres Alfonso , Kosarev Andrey , García Maria , Mireles Jose 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe present a study of the thermal characteristics of an infrared detector (un‐cooled micro‐bolometer), based on an amorphous silicon germanium film (a‐SixGey:H), deposited by plasma at low temperature (∼ 300 °C) and compatible with the standard CMOS technology. These films have been studied due to their high performance characteristics as high activation energy (Ea≈ 0.37 eV), high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR≈ ‐0.047 K‐1) and moderate room temperature conductivity (σRT≈ 2x10‐5Ω cm), which provides a moderate pixel resistance (Rcell≈3.5x108Ω). We have used two simple methods to calculate the thermal characteristics of the micro‐bolometer. The thermal conductance (Gth) has been obtained from the electrical I(U) characteristics in the range where self heating due to bias is not presented. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance and as well the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance have been obtained by measuring the I(U) characteristics in the device at different temperature values. Finally the results of both methods have been compared. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parameter testing in bounded degree graphs of subexponential growth
Authors: Elek Gábor 
Published: January 2010

AbstractParameter testing algorithms are using constant number of queries to estimate the value of a certain parameter of a very large finite graph. It is well‐known that graph parameters such as the independence ratio or the edit‐distance from 3‐colorability are not testable in bounded degree graphs. We prove, however, that these and several other interesting graph parameters are testable in bounded degree graphs of subexponential growth. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2010
MANET QoS support without reservations
Authors: Oh Soon Y. , Marfia Gustavo , Gerla Mario 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn inelastic flow is a flow with an inelastic rate, i.e., the rate is fixed, and it cannot be dynamically adjusted to traffic and load condition as in elastic flows like TCP. Real time, interactive sessions, and video/audio streaming are typical examples of inelastic flows. Reliable support of inelastic flows in wirelessad hocnetworks is extremely challenging because flows and routes dynamically change and flows compete for the shared wireless channel. Bandwidth must be reserved for inelastic flows at session set up time. To avoid repeated attempts to set up reservations in a ‘volatile’ network and prevent serious network capacity degradation due to call set up overhead, a Call Admission Control strategy robust to mobility must be developed. In this paper we propose ProbeCast, a probe based call admission control scheme with QoS guarantees for inelastic flows. ProbCast was designed for multicast streams but can also work, by default, for unicast. In ProbeCast, a path (or a tree) is probed for capacity availability. If an intermediate link along the probed path fails to meet the QoS requirement, the flow is ‘pushed back’ via backpressure upstream to an intermediate branch or possibly to the source. The backpressure principle is simple; however, its implementation requires some care to avoid unfairness and eventual capture by one of the flows sharing a congested bottleneck. We show that proportional fairness among inelastic contenders will prevent capture. To achieve this, we have developed the Neighborhood Proportional Drop (N‐PROD) scheme. N‐PROD guarantees fair rejection of unfeasible flows and maintains the same proportional drop rate among surviving flows in the same contention domain. We demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of ProbeCast for unicast as well as multicast scenarios using the Qualnet simulation platform. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Well‐being Under chronic stress: is morningness an advantage?
Authors: Buschkens Jane , Graham Deborah , Cottrell David 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study investigated whether morningness was associated with better quality of life in individuals experiencing chronic stress. Thirty‐one informal primary carers and 35 non‐carers completed self‐report measures of time‐of‐day preference, stress and well‐being. The data were collected as part of a broader study of circadian rhythmicity under conditions of prolonged stress. There was a significant interaction between diurnal preference and caregiving, with morningness associated with better well‐being outcomes in those providing long‐term home care. It appears that chronic arousal, but not perceived stress, plays a role in this morningness–carer interaction, with lower arousal levels also evident in carers with a greater preference for morningness. These results point to a possible role for circadian influences in the relationship between stress and subjective well‐being. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Thymectomy Worthwhile in Central Lymph Node Dissection for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer?
Authors: Khatib Ziad El , Lamblin Julie , Aubert Sebastien , Arnalsteen Laurent , Leteurtre Emmanuelle , Caiazzo Robert , Pattou Francois , Carnaille Bruno 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundClinical guidelines edited in 2006 by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and stated in the European Thyroid Association Consensus (ETA) recommend routine central lymph node dissection (level VI neck dissection) in addition to thyroidectomy for the surgical treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. This central dissection increases the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia, which is related to the resection or devascularization of the inferior parathyroids together with bilateral thymectomy. Some authors perform unilateral thymectomy in order to minimize this complication. Our aim was to study the benefit/risk (incidence of thymic lymph node metastases versus postoperative hypocalcemia) of both procedures.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 138 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck lymph node dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer between 2004 and 2007. Bilateral thymectomy was performed in 45 patients (group 1, 15 males and 30 females) and unilateral thymectomy was performed in 93 patients (group 2, 27 males and 66 females). Forty‐two papillary and 3 medullary cancers were found in group 1, and 75 papillary, 2 follicular, and 17 medullary cancers were found in group 2. The presence of thymic metastases at pathology and the occurrence of postoperative hypocalcemia were reviewed.ResultsTwo cases of papillary thymic metastases were found in group 1. These were lymph node micrometastases localized in the ipsilateral side of the primary tumor in both cases. Transient hypocalcemia was significantly more frequent (P < 0.001) in group 1 than in group 2: 16 patients (35.5%) versus 10 (10.7%). There was one case of permanent hypocalcemia in group 1 after the follow‐up period.ConclusionsBilateral thymectomy risk outweighs any likely carcinologic benefit. We do not recommend routine bilateral thymectomy during central neck dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer.
Pyrazole Derived Cationic Surfactants and their Tin and Copper Complexes: Synthesis, Surface Activity, Antibacterial and Antifungal Efficacy
Authors: Negm Nabel A. , Said Medhat M. , Morsy Salwa M. I. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFive membered heterocyclic cationic 3‐pyrazolium surfactants namely: 2‐[2‐(alkyloxy)‐2‐oxoethyl]‐3‐methyl‐5‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐4, 5‐dihydro‐1H‐3‐pyrazolium bromide (decyl‐ dodecyl‐) and their copper and tin complexes were synthesized, their structures were confirmed using different spectroscopic tools. The IR spectra of the metal complexes showed that these compounds exhibit a tetrahedron structure with the transition metal ion (M2+) at the center and the cationic ligands arranged in the apexes, while the halide ions in the center. The synthesized compounds were evaluated as biocides against different types of bacteria and fungi. The biological activity data showed that the cationic surfactants exhibit moderate to high efficacy against the tested microorganisms (either bacteria or fungi). While, complexation of these cationic surfactants with Cu (II) and Sn (II) ions the antimicrobial activity was strongly increased. The surface activity of these compounds were discussed and correlated to their chemical structure and the type of substituents on the heterocyclic moiety. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial assay was correlated to the surface activities of the synthesized compounds.
Chemical Structure of Bacteriovorax stolpii Lipid A
Authors: Beck Sebastian , Müller Frederic D. , Strauch Eckhard , Brecker Lothar , Linscheid Michael W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBdellovibrionales is a phylogenetically diverse group of predatory prokaryotes, which consists of the two families Bdellovibrionaceae and Bacteriovoracaceae. We describe LPS and lipid A of the type strain Bacteriovorax stolpii DSM 12778, representing the first characterized endotoxin of a Bacteriovoracaceae member. It has a smooth form LPS, which was identified by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lipid A structure was determined by combined gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Its backbone consists of two β‐(1 → 6)‐linked 2,3‐diamino‐2,3‐dideoxy‐d‐glucopyranoses (GlcpN3N) carrying a pyrophosphoethanolamine at O‐4′ of the non‐reducing sugar and a phosphate group linked to O‐1 of the reducing GlcpN3N. Positions 2, 3, 2′ and 3′ of the two GlcpN3N are acylated with primary 3‐hydroxy fatty acids and one of those carries a secondary fatty acid.
Can at‐risk young adolescents be popular and anti‐social? Sociometric status groups, anti‐social behaviour, gender and ethnic background
Authors: van de Schoot Rens , van der Velden Floor , Boom Jan , Brugman Daniël 
Published: January 2010

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to extend the understanding of anti‐social behaviour and its association with popularity and sociometric status in a sample of at‐risk adolescents from diverse ethnic backgrounds (n = 1491, average age 14.7 years). Both overt and covert types of anti‐social behaviour were used to distinguish subgroups. These subgroups were created on the basis of anti‐social behaviour profile scores, using Latent Class Analysis. Moderator effects of gender and ethnic background were investigated using a log‐linear analysis. The main finding was that each sociometric status group consisted of subgroups that differed in terms of prevalence of self‐reported anti‐social behaviour. At‐risk young adolescents who reported involvement in anti‐social behaviour appeared in every status group, including the popular group. Implications for school prevention programmes for anti‐social behaviour are discussed.
Community‐based distribution of misoprostol for treatment or prevention of postpartum hemorrhage: Cost‐effectiveness, mortality, and morbidity reduction analysis
Authors: Sutherland Tori , Meyer Carinne , Bishai David M. , Geller Stacie , Miller Suellen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the cost‐effectiveness of community‐based distribution of misoprostol for prevention with misoprostol for treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsA Monte Carlo simulation depicted mortality and anemia‐related morbidity attributable to PPH among 3 scenarios of 10 000 women delivering at home in rural India: (1) standard management; (2) standard management plus 800 µg of sublingual misoprostol for PPH treatment; and (3) standard management plus 600 µg of prophylactic oral misoprostol. The model included costs of drugs, birth attendant training, and transport for women who did not respond to misoprostol.ResultsMisoprostol lowered mortality by 70% and 81% in scenarios 2 and 3, respectively. Scenarios 2 and 3 raise costs by 6% and 35%, respectively. Incremental cost per disability‐adjusted life year (DALY) saved is estimated at $6 and $170, respectively.ConclusionBoth interventions were more effective at decreasing mortality and anemia than standard management. The most efficient scale‐up plan would focus initially on increasing coverage with the treatment strategy ($6 per DALY).
Failures in endoscopic surgery of the maxillary sinus
Authors: Albu Silviu , Baciut Mihaela 
Published: January 2010

ObjectiveTo assess the prognostic factors of recurrence after endoscopic sinus surgery for maxillary chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps.Study DesignProspective.SettingTertiary referral center.MethodsA total of 411 patients were operated on for maxillary chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (307 rhinogenic rhinosinusitis, 74 odontogenic rhinosinusitis, and 30 oroantral fistula cases) in a single institution between 2002 and 2007. Ten parameters were analyzed to study their relationship with recurrence: etiology of rhinosinusitis, partial resection of middle turbinate, smoking history, allergy, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux, preoperative endoscopic score, CT stage, maxillary sinus mucosa score, and bleeding score. Preoperative characteristics and recurrence rates were compared with the analysis of variance test. Failure was analyzed as a time‐dependent variable by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Variables identified on univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsRecurrent rhinosinusitis developed in 28 (6.8%) cases. In the univariate analysis, preoperative endoscopic score, CT stage, and bleeding score were associated with recidivism. However, the multivariate analysis suggested that only bleeding is an independent predictive factor of recurrence (P = 0.034, 95% confidence interval for odds ratio 0.92‐7.21).ConclusionIntraoperative bleeding may be a risk factor for failure in endoscopic surgery of maxillary rhinosinusitis, but there is substantial uncertainty and future research is needed.
Air quality improvement and the prevalence of frequent ear infections in children
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil , Shapiro Nina L. 
Published: January 2010

ObjectiveTo determine whether air quality influences the prevalence of pediatric frequent ear infections and respiratory allergy.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsThe National Health Interview Survey child sample for the calendar years 1997 through 2006 was analyzed, extracting 12‐month prevalence data for the following three disease conditions: frequent (≥3 within 12 months) ear infections, respiratory allergy, and seizures (nonrespiratory control condition). Based on information from the Environmental Protection Agency, yearly historical data for the air quality criteria pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrous dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter were tabulated. Graphical and linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the influence of air quality on each of the disease conditions.ResultsA total of 126,060 children were studied (51.4% male, mean age 8.6 yrs). Overall, the 12‐month prevalence for three or more ear infections, respiratory allergy, and seizures was 6.6%, 11.7%, and 0.7%, respectively. Air quality steadily improved over the study period. Statistically significant positive regression coefficients were obtained for each of the criteria pollutants with ear infections (all P < 0.001), with regression coefficients ranging from 0.007 (particulate matter) to 11.2 (sulfur dioxide). For respiratory allergies, nonstatistically significant regression coefficients for the criteria pollutants were obtained (range <0.001‐0.379, all P ≥ 0.409). For the nonrespiratory condition seizures, nonsignificant regression coefficients were again identified (all P ≥ 0.404).ConclusionsBetter air quality is significantly associated with lower prevalence of pediatric frequent ear infections but is not associated with the prevalence of pediatric respiratory allergy. Improvements in air quality may be implicated in the decreased rates of pediatric ear infections over time.
Vasopressor use in free tissue transfer surgery
Authors: Monroe Marcus M. , McClelland Julie , Swide Chris , Wax Mark K. 
Published: January 2010

ObjectiveTo document the frequency of vasopressor use in free tissue transfer surgery and to compare the incidence of flap complications and flap survival in patients receiving or not receiving intraoperative vasopressors.Study Design and SettingCase series with chart review of free tissue transfers performed between 2004 and 2006 at a large‐volume tertiary academic hospital.ResultsOf 241 free flaps, 169 had data available for analysis. Flap survival was 96.5 percent. The rate of other flap complications was 29 percent. A total of 139 (82%) patients received vasopressors intraoperatively. Of these, four (2.9%) flap failures and 40 (29%) complications occurred. In the 30 (18%) patients who did not receive vasopressors, two (6.7%) flap failures and nine (30%) complications occurred. The most common reasons for flap failure were arterial thrombus (n = 3) and thrombosis of the venous pedicle (n = 3).ConclusionIntraoperative vasopressors are used more frequently than previously realized but do not appear to increase overall flap failure and the incidence of complications. Intraoperative vasopressor use in free flap surgery may not be as harmful as previously feared.
Homocysteine-lowering vitamins do not lower plasmaS-adenosylhomocysteine in older people with elevated homocysteine concentrations
Authors: Green Timothy J. , Skeaff C. Murray , McMahon Jennifer A. , Venn Bernard J. , Williams Sheila M. , Devlin Angela M. , Innis Sheila M. 
Published: January 2010

Elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk factor for vascular disease but lowering tHcy with B-vitamins, including folate, has generally not reduced vascular events in secondary prevention trials. Elevated plasmaS-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) concentration may be a more sensitive indicator of vascular disease than plasma tHcy. However, unlike tHcy, plasma AdoHcy did not correlate with folate concentration in one study indicating that folate supplementation may not lower AdoHcy. Our aim was to determine whether providing B-vitamin supplements to healthy older people with elevated tHcy (>13 μmol/l) affects plasma AdoHcy andS-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) concentrations. Healthy older participants (n276; ≥ 65 years) were randomised to receive a daily supplement containing folate (1 mg), vitamin B12(500 μg) and vitamin B6(10 mg), or placebo, for 2 years. Of these participants, we selected the first fifty participants in each treatment group and measured plasma AdoHcy and AdoMet. Plasma tHcy was 4·4 (95 % CI 3·2, 5·6;P < 0·001) μmol/l lower at 2 years in the vitamins group compared with the placebo group. At 2 years, there were no significant differences in plasma AdoMet (+4 % (95 % CI − 2, 11);P = 0·19), AdoHcy ( − 1 % (95 % CI − 10, 8);P = 0·61) or the AdoMet:AdoHcy ratio (0·22 (95 % CI − 0·04, 0·49);P = 0·10) between the two groups. In conclusion, B-vitamin supplementation of older people lowered plasma tHcy but had no effect on plasma AdoMet or AdoHcy concentration. If elevated plasma AdoHcy is detrimental, this may explain why B-vitamins have generally failed to reduce vascular events in clinical trials.
Adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern among Balearic Islands adolescents
Authors: Martínez Elisa , Llull Rosa , del Mar Bibiloni Maria , Pons Antoni , Tur Josep A. 
Published: January 2010

The aim of the present work was to assess the prevalence of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in Balearic Islands adolescents, and socio-demographic and lifestyle factors that might determine adherence to the MDP. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands between 2007 and 2008. A random sample (n1231) of the adolescent population (12–17 years old) was interviewed. Dietary questionnaires and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to socio-economic status, parental education level and lifestyle factors were used. Dietary habits were assessed by means of two 24 h recalls and a quantitative FFQ. Adherence to the MDP was defined according to a score constructed considering the consumption of nine MDP characteristic components: high MUFA:SFA ratio, moderate ethanol consumption, high legumes, cereals and roots, fruits, vegetables and fish consumption, and low consumption of meat and milk. Then, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health status variables that could determine a higher or ower adherence were assessed. The mean adherence was 57·9 (sd8·9) % and the median adherence was 57·3 %. Half of the Balearic Islands adolescents (50·5 %) showed an adherence to the MDP comprised between 52·7 and 62·8 %. By multivariate analyses, a high maternal level of education, increased physical activity, reduced alcohol intake and abstinence from smoking were independent associations of better adherence to the MDP. The promotion of not only the MDP but also the Mediterranean lifestyle, including greater physical activity, should be reinforced among the Balearic younger generations.
Arbitrary amplitude solitary waves in plasmas with dust grains of opposite polarity and non-thermal ions
Authors: MAHARAJ S. K. , BHARUTHRAM R. , SINGH S. V. , PILLAY S. R. , LAKHINA G. S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe existence of large amplitude solitary waves in a plasma comprised of a cold negative dust fluid, adiabatic positive dust fluid, Boltzmann electrons and non-thermal ions is theoretically investigated. Different regions in parameter space that correspond to different values of the ratio of the charge-to-mass ratios of the positive and negative dust grains have been identified where either negative or positive potential solitary wave structures occur and a region where coexistence of negative and positive potential solitary waves is supported.