bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonance structure and stability of intense terahertz‐driven semiconductor Wannier‐Stark ladder
Authors: Karasawa T. , Amano T. , Kukuu A. , Maeshima N. , Hino K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of an electronic state in the semiconductor Wannier‐Stark ladder (WSL) driven by an intense THz laser. Numerical calculations based on the R‐matrix Floquet theory have revealed that the dynamic localization (DL) is unstable against the Fano resonance‐like interminiband decay mechanism caused by the THz‐mediated coupling, termed here the dynamic Fano resonance (DFR). The obtained result is sharply contrasted with the conventional understanding without the introduction of DFR that the degree of stability of the DL would be comparable to or more than that of the WSL with no THz laser (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Red Road to Wellness: Cultural Reclamation in a Native First Nations Community Treatment Center
Authors: Gone Joseph P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article explores how Native American cultural practices were incorporated into the therapeutic activities of a community‐controlled substance abuse treatment center on a “First Nations” reserve in the Canadian north. Analysis of open‐ended interviews with nineteen staff and clients—as contextualized by participant observation, program records, and existing ethnographic resources—yielded insights concerning local therapeutic practice with outpatients and other community members. Specifically, program staff adopted and promoted a diverse array of both western and Aboriginal approaches that were formally integrated with reference to the Aboriginal symbol of the medicine wheel. Although incorporations of indigenous culture marked Lodge programs as distinctively Aboriginal in character, the subtle but profound influence of western “therapy culture” was centrally evident in healing activities as well. Nuanced explication of these activities illustrated four contributions of cultural analysis for community psychology.
On the age of the Early/Middle Eocene boundary and other related events: cyclostratigraphic refinements from the Pyrenean Otsakar section and the Lutetian GSSP
Authors: PAYROS A. , DINARÈS-TURELL J. , BERNAOLA G. , ORUE-ETXEBARRIA X. , APELLANIZ E. , TOSQUELLA J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAn integrated bio-, magneto- and cyclostratigraphic study of the Ypresian/Lutetian (Early/Middle Eocene) transition along the Otsakar section resulted in the identification of the C22n/C21r chron boundary and of the calcareous nannofossil CP12a/b zonal boundary; the latter is the main correlation criterion of the Lutetian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) recently defined at Gorrondatxe (Basque Country). By counting precession-related mudstone–marl couplets of 21 ka, the time lapse between both events was calculated to be 819 ka. This suggests that the age of the CP12a/b boundary, and hence that of the Early/Middle Eocene boundary, is 47.76 Ma, 250 ka younger than previously thought. This age agrees with, and is supported by, estimates from Gorrondatxe based on the time lapse between the Lutetian GSSP and the C21r/C21n boundary. The duration of Chron C21r is estimated at 1.326 Ma. Given that the base of the Eocene is dated at 55.8 Ma, the duration of the Early Eocene is 8 Ma, 0.8 Ma longer than in current time scales. The Otsakar results further show that the bases of planktonic foraminiferal zones E8 and P10 are younger than the CP12a/b boundary. The first occurrence ofTurborotalia frontosa, being approximately 550 ka older that the CP12a/b boundary, is the planktonic foraminiferal event that lies closest to the Early/Middle Eocene boundary. The larger foraminiferal SBZ12/13 boundary is located close to the CP12a/b boundary and correlates with Chron C21r, not with the C22n/C21r boundary.
OLIVER CROMWELL AND THE ‘CROMWELLIAN’ SETTLEMENT OF IRELAND
Authors: CUNNINGHAM JOHN 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTOliver Cromwell remains a deeply controversial figure in Ireland. In the past decade, his role in the conquest has received sustained attention. However, in recent scholarship on the settlement of Ireland in the 1650s, he has enjoyed a peculiarly low profile. This trend has served to compound the interpretative problems relating to Cromwell and Ireland which stem in part from the traditional denominational divide in Irish historiography. This article offers a reappraisal of Cromwell's role in designing and implementing the far-reaching ‘Cromwellian’ land settlement. It examines the evidence relating to his dealings with Irish people, both Protestant and Catholic, and his attitude towards the enormous difficulties which they faced post-conquest. While the massacre at Drogheda in 1649 remains a blot on his reputation, in the 1650s Cromwell in fact emerged as an important and effective ally for Irish landowners seeking to defeat the punitive confiscation and transplantation policies approved by the Westminster parliament and favoured by the Dublin government.
DUBLIN'S NORTH INNER CITY, PRESERVATIONISM, AND IRISH MODERNITY IN THE 1960S
Authors: HANNA ERIKA 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis article examines changes to Dublin's built environment in the 1960s through a study of the north inner city. It first discusses Dublin Corporation policy in the area and then studies three efforts to resist these changes, by the Irish Georgian Society, Uinseann MacEoin, and the Dublin Housing Action Committee. It argues that, due to the deficit of urban regulation emanating from central government, these groups could use preservation as a way to articulate a variety of discontents. The three campaigns all had very different conceptions of what was worth preserving in the urban environment, resisted Corporation policy in very different ways, and ultimately came into conflict. This urban activism raised issues about the nature of the city in the Irish cultural imagination, the effects of urban modernization, and the role of voluntary bodies in shaping the urban environment. Through addressing these themes this article makes a fundamental contribution to the historiography of the 1960s in Ireland by assessing the complexities of Irish modernity and the continued impact of a multiplicity of pasts on Irish politics and culture.
Galápagos Rail Laterallus spilonotus population change associated with habitat invasion by the Red-barked Quinine Tree Cinchona pubescens
Authors: SHRIVER W. GREGORY , GIBBS JAMES P. , WOLTZ HARA W. , SCHWARZ NICOLE P. , PEPPER MARGARET A. 
Published: November 2010

SummarySpecies on oceanic islands are more likely to be endemic as well as more extinction-prone than those on continents. The Galápagos Rail Laterallus spilonotus, endemic to the Galápagos Archipelago, is presently known to occur on just four of its seven previously occupied islands and is facing multiple threats to its persistence. In this study, we compared the rail’s occurrence and abundance at 193 survey points between 2000 and 2007 on Santa Cruz Island and examined the influence of an invasion of the habitat of the species by the exotic Red-barked Quinine Tree Cinchona pubescens. We detected a 13% reduction in rail occurrence and a 31% reduction in abundance between 2000 and 2007. Rail abundance declined more in low elevation areas (< 719 m) and outside of Cinchona pubescens removal areas but not in areas where Cinchona pubescens was removed. Insofar as Galápagos Rails responded positively to management actions that promote and maintain native vegetation, we conclude that restoration projects that restore native vegetation communities benefit this apparently declining endemic bird for which more focused conservation attention is warranted.
The Jovian Rings
Authors: Ip Wing-Huen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA comparison of the Jovian and Saturnian rings is made by reviewing the recent advances in planetary spacecraft exploration and theoretical study. Two main issues are addressed, namely, the different structures of these two planetary ring systems and the water ice composition of the Saturnian rings. It is suggested that answers might be found by invoking tidal capture of Trans-Neptunian Objects with highly differentiated structures even though catastrophic breakup of pre-existing satellites in the ring regions remains a real possibility. Erosion mechanisms such as meteoroid impact, photo-sputtering, orbital instability of charged dust particles and thermal evaporation acting at different time scales could lead to the preservation of the Saturnian ring system but not the Jovian ring system of large mass originally.
Seeking Europa's Ocean
Authors: Pappalardo Robert T. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGalileo spacecraft data suggest that a global ocean exists beneath the frozen ice surface Jupiter's moon Europa. Since the early 1970s, planetary scientists have used theoretical and observational arguments to deliberate the existence of an ocean within Europa and other large icy satellites. Galileo magnetometry data indicates an induced magnetic field at Europa, implying a salt water ocean. A paucity of large craters argues for a surface on average only ~40-90 Myr old. Two multi-ring structures suggest that impacts punched through an ice shell ~20 km thick. Europa's ocean and surface are inherently linked through tidal deformation of the floating ice shell, and tidal flexing and nonsynchronous rotation generate stresses that fracture and deform the surface to create ridges and bands. Dark spots, domes, and chaos terrain are probably related to tidally driven ice convection along with partial melting within the ice shell. Europa's geological activity and probable mantle contact permit the chemical ingredients necessary for life to be present within the satellite's ocean. Astonishing geology and high astrobiological potential make Europa a top priority for future spacecraft exploration, with a primary goal of assessing its habitability.
Other Worlds, Other Civilizations?
Authors: Consolmagno Guy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractGalileo's work had a profound influence on our understanding of the question of “other worlds” and the possibility of other intelligent life in the universe. When he saw the Moon with its mountains, and Jupiter with its moons, he implicitly recognized that these were physical places and thus could themselves be possible abodes for life. But some ancient and medieval scholars had already suggested as much, though without the empirical backing that Galileo's observations provided. Thus perhaps an even more important influence on the development of these ideas is that Galileo made them popular with the educated public, rather than merely the speculations of specialists. By inciting the popular imagination to take seriously the possibility of other worlds, he engaged subsequent generations of philosophers and storytellers to explore the possibilities and implications of life on those worlds.
Io, the closest Galileo's Medicean Moon: Changes in its Sodium Cloud Caused by Jupiter Eclipse
Authors: Grava Cesare , Schneider Nicholas M. , Barbieri Cesare 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe report results of a study of true temporal variations in Io's sodium cloud before and after eclipse by Jupiter. The eclipse geometry is important because there is a hypothesis that the atmosphere partially condenses when the satellite enters the Jupiter's shadow, preventing sodium from being released to the cloud in the hours immediately after the reappearance. The challenge lies in disentangling true variations in sodium content from the changing strength of resonant scattering due Io's changing Doppler shift in the solar sodium absorption line. We undertook some observing runs at Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) at La Palma Canary Island with the high resolution spectrograph SARG in order to observe Io entering into Jupiter's shadow and coming out from it. The particular configuration chosen for the observations allowed us to observe Io far enough from Jupiter and to disentangle line-of-sight effects looking perpendicularly at the sodium cloud. We will present results which took advantage of a very careful reduction strategy. We remove the dependence from γ-factor, which is the fraction of solar light available for resonant scattering, in order to remove the dependence on the radial velocity of Io with respect to the Sun.This work has been supported by NSF's Planetary Astronomy Program, INAF/TNG and the Department of Astronomy and Cisas of University of Padova, through a contract by the Italian Space Agency ASI.
Lidocaine‐induced apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts: participation of cAMP and PKC activity
Authors: Villarruel Emmanuel Quinteros , Borda Enri , Sterin‐Borda Leonor , Orman Betina 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLocal anaesthetics are drugs that prevent or relieve pain by interrupting nervous conduction and are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry. Their main targets of action are voltage‐dependent Na+ channels. The Na+ channel is modulated by phosphorylation of two enzymes: PKA (protein kinase A) and PKC (protein kinase C). We studied the ability of lidocaine to modulate programmed cell death of human gingival fibroblasts and the mechanisms involved in this process. Lidocaine (10−5 to 10−7 M) stimulated apoptosis in primary cultures and the caspase‐3 activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of lidocaine on apoptosis was attenuated in the presence of HA 1004 (PKA inhibitor) and stimulated by staurosporine and Go 6976 (PKC inhibitors). Lidocaine‐induced apoptotic nuclei correlated positively with cAMP accumulation and negatively with PKC activity. These results show that lidocaine promotes apoptosis in human gingival fibroblasts at concentrations used for local anaesthesia. The mechanism involves PKA stimulation and PKC inhibition, which in turn stimulates caspase‐3 and leads to programmed cell death.
Vascular function and cardiovascular risk factors in women with severe flushing
Authors: Sassarini J. , Fox H. , Ferrell W. , Sattar N. , Lumsden M. A. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryBackground  Seventy per cent of postmenopausal women suffer from hot flushes causing significant morbidity in 25%. Oestrogen replacement provides symptom relief, but its use has declined following safety issues and there is, as yet, no good alternative. Pathophysiology is poorly understood, but one proposed mechanism is altered peripheral vascular reactivity. It has recently been suggested that the presence of flushing may be a marker of underlying cardiovascular risk.Aim  To measure (i) peripheral vascular reactivity in subcutaneous vessels (ii) routine and novel cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women who flush, and compare results to a matched group of women who do not flush.Methods  Thirty‐two postmenopausal women with at least 20 flushes/week and 14 nonflushing postmenopausal women were recruited. Cutaneous microvascular perfusion was measured using laser Doppler imaging, and endothelial function was assessed by iontophoresis (administration of vasoactive agents through the skin by an electric current) of acetylcholine [Ach] (endothelial‐dependent) and sodium nitroprusside [SNP] (endothelial independent). Blood samples for risk factors were taken following vascular assessment.Results  Both study groups were well matched demographically. The response of the subcutaneous vessels was greater in women who flushed than those who did not, following administration of both the endothelium‐dependent and independent vasodilators, (ACh, P ≤ 0·001, SNP, P = 0·001, 2‐way anova). By contrast, levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol and ApoA1 were significantly lower in the flushing women compared with the control women (P = 0·02 and 0·002, respectively), and levels of inter‐cellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) were higher (P = 0·03), findings robust to adjustment for confounders, suggesting an adverse cardiovascular risk profile.Conclusion  These results confirm a better vascular response in women but paradoxically, such women appear to have worse (not better) cardiovascular disease risk factors in particular lower HDL‐cholesterol but also higher non‐HDL‐c to HDL‐c ratio and increased ICAM‐1. Further studies are needed to assess vascular risk factors in women who flush.
Capecitabine for skin cancer prevention in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Jirakulaporn Tanawat , Endrizzi Bart , Lindgren Bruce , Mathew Josy , Lee Peter K. , Dudek Arkadiusz Z. 
Published: November 2010

Jirakulaporn T, Endrizzi B, Lindgren B, Mathew J, Lee PK, Dudek AZ. Capecitabine for skin cancer prevention in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 541–548. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Skin cancers are the most common malignancies in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR). A case‐observational, retrospective study was performed to determine the efficacy of low‐dose capecitabine in the secondary prevention of skin cancers in SOTRs treated at a single institution. SOTRs with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and/or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) were given low‐dose capecitabine 1 g/m2 daily, days 1–14 of a 21‐d treatment cycle. Skin surveillance was performed by dermatologists every 1–3 months. Cumulative incidence rates of SCC, BCC, and actinic keratosis (AK) before and after treatment were scored and statistically compared for each patient using a non‐parametric Wilcoxon signed rank test. Fifteen patients (13 men and two women) with a median age of 57 yr (range 40–73) were treated. Incidence rates as measured by mean number of events per month declined by 0.33 for SCC, 0.04 for BCC, and 2.45 for AK (p < 0.05). The most common grade 3 and 4 toxicities included fatigue (40.0%), hand‐foot syndrome (20.0%), and diarrhea (20.0%). The discontinuation rate at one yr was approximately 33.3%. We conclude that oral capecitabine significantly decreases the incidence rates of recurrent SCC, BCC, and AK in SOTRs and is associated with manageable toxicity.
Reproductive division of labour and thelytoky result in sympatric barriers to gene flow in honeybees (Apis melliferaL.)
Authors: NEUMANN P. , HÄRTEL S. , KRYGER P. , CREWE R. M. , MORITZ R. F. A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDetermining the extent and causes of barriers to gene flow is essential for understanding sympatric speciation, but the practical difficulties of quantifying reproductive isolation remain an obstacle to analysing this process. Social parasites are common in eusocial insects and tend to be close phylogenetic relatives of their hosts (= Emery’s rule). Sympatric speciation caused by reproductive isolation between host and parasite is a possible evolutionary pathway. Socially parasitic workers of the Cape honeybee,Apis mellifera capensis, produce female clonal offspring parthenogenetically and invade colonies of the neighbouring subspeciesA. m. scutellata. In the host colony, socially parasitic workers can become pseudoqueens, an intermediate caste with queenlike pheromone secretion. Here, we show that over an area of approximately 275.000 km2, all parasitic workers bear the genetic signature of a clone founded by a single ancestral worker genotype. Any gene flow from the host to the parasite is impossible because honeybee workers cannot mate. Gene flow from the parasite to the host is possible, as parasitic larvae can develop into queens. However, we show that despite sympatric coexistence for more than a decade, gene flow between host and social parasite (Fst = 0.32) and hybridizations (0.71%) are rare, resulting in reproductive isolation. Our data suggest a new barrier to gene flow in sympatry, which is not based on assortative matings but on thelytoky and reproductive division of labour in eusocial insects, thereby suggesting a new potential pathway to Emery’s rule.
Quantitative demonstration of comparable architectonic areas within the ventromedial and lateral orbital frontal cortex in the human and the macaque monkey brains
Authors: Mackey Scott , Petrides Michael 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe orbital and ventromedial frontal cortical regions of the human and the macaque monkey brains include several spatially discrete areas which are defined histologically by their distinctive laminar architecture. Although considerable information has been collected on the function and anatomical connections of specific architectonic areas within the orbital and ventromedial frontal cortex of the macaque monkey, the location of comparable areas in the human brain remains controversial. We re‐examined the comparability of orbital and ventromedial frontal areas across these two species and provide the first quantitative demonstration of architectonically comparable cortical areas in the human and the macaque brains. Images of Nissl‐stained sections of the cortex were obtained at low magnification. Differences in the typical size of neurons in alternating pyramidal and granule cell layers were exploited to segregate the cortical layers before sampling. Profiles of areal neuronal density were sampled across the width of the cortex. The location of individual cortical layers was identified on each profile by sampling a set of equally sized images on which the cortical layers had been manually traced. The rank order of sampled architectonic features in comparable architectonic areas in the two species was significantly correlated. The differences in measured features between gyral and sulcal parts of the same architectonic area are at a minimum 3–4 times smaller than the differences between architectonic areas for the areas examined. Furthermore, the quantified architectonic features arrange areas within the orbital and ventromedial frontal cortex along two dimensions: an anterior‐to‐posterior and a medial‐to‐lateral dimension. On the basis of these findings, and in light of known anatomical connections in the macaque, this region of the human cortex appears to comprise at least two hierarchically structured networks of areas.
Irreversible electroporation (IRE): a novel method for renal tissue ablation
Authors: Tracy Chad R. , Kabbani Wareef , Cadeddu Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2010

What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? IRE has been used in liver and prostate models before, confirming appropriate cell death with sharp margins of ablation. The current study confirms that this technology may also provide an effective treatment in the kidney, which provides a unique environment due to electrolyte differences, renal blood flow, and collecting system anatomy. The advantage of IRE may be that its athermal nature limits common problems with percutaneous ablation, including heat sink and destruction of the urothelium.OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the effects of irreversible electroporation (IRE) on renal parenchyma and the renal collecting system in a porcine model.MATERIALS AND METHODS• Eight female Yorkshire pigs underwent a series of laparoscopic ablations using either monopolar or bipolar IRE (Angiodynamics, Queensbury, NY, USA).• The pigs were killed between 10 min and 14 days after IRE, and the kidneys were harvested for gross and histological analysis, including NADH staining for cellular viability.RESULTS• In all, 24 ablations were performed and all the pigs survived without complications.• Initial gross lesions were diffusely haemorrhagic, decreasing progressively in size (30–40%) to small white scars over the 14‐day period.• Immediately after IRE, ablated tissue was characterized by diffuse tubular desquamation, eosinophilia, and nuclear pyknosis, with absence of cellular viability by NADH.• At 7 days after IRE, there was diffuse cellular necrosis with early peripheral granulation changes, and by 14 days there was marked tissue granulation, chronic inflammation, and dystrophic calcification with early fibrosis and cellular contraction.• Initial patchy urothelial injury and ulceration showed signs of repair and viability by 14 days after IRE.CONCLUSIONS• Renal IRE in the porcine kidney leads to predictable histological changes characteristic of cellular death within 1 h of ablation, with relative urothelial sparing.• Further animal studies are warranted to determine safety and efficacy of this novel ablation technology.