bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Quality Assessment of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Semen Chilled (5°C) in Egg Yolk‐ and Soya Milk–Based Extenders
Authors: Singh AK , Singh VK , Narwade BM , Mohanty TK , Atreja SK 
Published: October 2011

ContentsEgg yolk–Tris is most commonly used semen extender; however, its use involves hygienic risk, interference with fertility and poor microscopic examination. Therefore, replacement of egg yolk with a plant‐based component with protective effects on spermatozoa would be advantageous. In present study, we observed effect of soya milk–based extenders on dilution and liquid preservation of Murrah buffalo bull semen at 5°C up to 72 h in comparison with conventional egg yolk–Tris extender (Ext.1). In experiment one, a total of 32 buffalo semen ejaculates from four animals were extended and preserved at 5°C for 72 h in soya milk–based extender (Ext.2) with different percentages (10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) of soya milk for optimization of soya milk concentration. Semen quality was assessed for individual motility, viability, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h of liquid preservation. The results of experiment one indicated that 25% soya milk is an optimum concentration for buffalo bull semen extender preparation. A modified method was used to prepare another soya milk–based extender (Ext.3). In the second experiment, two soya extenders (Ext.2 and 3) with optimized concentration (25%) of soya milk were comparatively assessed with egg yolk–Tris extender (Ext.1) for semen quality parameters at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h of liquid preservation. The individual sperm motility at 0 and 24 h following dilution were found non‐significant among extenders. However, after 48 h of dilution, individual motility in Ext.3 was observed significantly (p < 0.05) higher than Ext.1. After 24, 48 and 72 h of dilution sperm membrane integrity in Ext.3 was found significantly (p < 0.05) higher than Ext.1. Overall, comparative evaluation of sperm parameters obtained revealed that Ext.3 containing 25% soya milk can be used as a substitute of egg yolk‐based extender for buffalo semen liquid preservation.
Rapid update on childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpure
Authors: Cole Catherine H 
Published: October 2011

AbstractMost childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpure is benign, self‐limiting and requires no therapy. However, questions remain: (i) to treat or not; (ii) bone marrow examination or not; and (iii) admit to hospital or not. These questions have dominated the literature and we still need a prospective large multi‐centre study of these issues to determine a useful bleeding score, quality of life measure and a measure of parental anxiety.
Minimum alveolar concentration of desflurane with fentanyl for laryngeal mask airway removal in anesthetized children
Authors: Makkar Jeetinder K. , Ghai Babita , Bhardwaj Neerja , Wig Jyotsna 
Published: October 2011

SummaryBackground:  Desflurane provides rapid emergence from anesthesia. So, it can be used for the removal of a laryngeal mask airway in an anesthetized child. We conducted this study to determine the optimal endtidal concentrations of desflurane with fentanyl that would allow removal of a laryngeal mask airway without airway complication in children.Methods:  Thirty‐six children of American Society of Anesthesiologist status I between 1 and 10 year of age undergoing ophthalmic surgery were recruited. General anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane and oxygen given via mask and laryngeal mask airway inserted. Anesthesia was maintained with desflurane in 100% oxygen. At the end of the surgery, predetermined target concentration was maintained for 10 min and laryngeal mask airway removed. Each target concentration at the time of removal was predetermined by the Dixon up–down method (with 0.5% as a step size) starting at 5% endtidal concentration. A removal accomplished without coughing, teeth clenching, gross purposeful movement, breath holding, or laryngospasm, during or within 1 min after removal, was considered to be successful.Results:  Endtidal concentration of desflurane required for successful laryngeal mask airway removal in 50% (ED50) was 3.56% desflurane (95% confidence limits, 3.22–3.87%) along with fentanyl.Conclusion:  Removal of laryngeal mask airway can be safely accomplished without coughing, moving, or any other airway complications at 3.57% endtidal concentrations of desflurane with fentanyl in 50% of anesthetized children.
Are patterns of density dependence in the Global Population Dynamics Database driven by uncertainty about population abundance?
Authors: Knape Jonas , de Valpine Perry 
Published: October 2011

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 17–23AbstractDensity dependence in population growth rates is of immense importance to ecological theory and application, but is difficult to estimate. The Global Population Dynamics Database (GPDD), one of the largest collections of population time series available, has been extensively used to study cross‐taxa patterns in density dependence. A major difficulty with assessing density dependence from time series is that uncertainty in population abundance estimates can cause strong bias in both tests and estimates of strength. We analyse 627 data sets in the GPDD using Gompertz population models and account for uncertainty via the Kalman filter. Results suggest that at least 45% of the time series display density dependence, but that it is weak and difficult to detect for a large fraction. When uncertainty is ignored, magnitude of and evidence for density dependence is strong, illustrating that uncertainty in abundance estimates qualitatively changes conclusions about density dependence drawn from the GPDD.
Risk of acute renal failure in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Girman C. J. , Kou T. D. , Brodovicz K. , Alexander C. M. , O’Neill E. A. , Engel S. , Williams‐Herman D. E. , Katz L. 
Published: October 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 614–621 (2012)AbstractAims  Progressive decline in renal function has been well described in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, but few studies have assessed the risk of acute renal failure in a large population of patients with Type 2 diabetes. This study quantified the risk of acute renal failure associated with Type 2 diabetes in the General Practice Research Database from the UK.Methods  Patients with Type 2 diabetes (n = 119 966) and patients without diabetes (n = 1 794 516) were identified in the General Practice Research Database. Patients with end‐stage renal disease were excluded. Crude incidence and multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios of acute renal failure were estimated for patients with diabetes relative to those without diabetes. Cox regression models were adjusted for a variety of comorbidities. Increase of acute renal failure risk resulting from additive effects of specific co‐morbidities with Type 2 diabetes was also assessed.Results  Between 2003 and 2007, acute renal failure incidence was 198 per 100 000 person‐years in patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with 27 per 100 000 patients‐years among patients without diabetes (crude hazard ratio 8.0, 95% CI 7.4–8.7). Risk of acute renal failure for patients with Type 2 diabetes remained significant, but was attenuated in multivariate analyses adjusting for various comorbidities (adjusted hazard ratio 2.5, 95% CI 2.2–2.7). Age and specific comorbidities (chronic kidney disease, hypertension and congestive heart failure) were also associated with increased risk of acute renal failure in Type 2 diabetes.Conclusions  Patients with Type 2 diabetes have increased risk for acute renal failure compared with patients without diabetes, even after adjustment for known risk factors, particularly in the elderly and those with other comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure and hypertension.
Experiences and management of breast cancer‐related lymphoedema: a comparison between South Africa and the United States of America
Authors: Wanchai A. , Stewart B.R. , Armer J.M. 
Published: October 2011

WANCHAI A., STEWART B.R. & ARMER J.M. (2011) Experiences and management of breast cancer‐related lymphoedema: a comparison between South Africa and the United States of America. International Nursing Review59, 117–124Purpose:  Approximately one third of breast cancer survivors are estimated to develop lymphoedema. This study was conducted in the midwestern region of the USA and in Western Cape, South Africa. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast lymphoedema experiences and lymphoedema managements between breast cancer survivors from the two countries.Methods:  Using a qualitative research design, data were collected from 29 women with a history of breast cancer‐related lymphoedema (18 women from the USA and 11 women from South Africa) who consented to semi‐structured interviews.Findings:  Six themes regarding effects of lymphoedema emerged from the study including difficulties with daily activities, unmet lymphoedema preparations, facing public curiosity, time‐consuming wrapping, trouble with fitted clothes and a reminder of breast cancer. Four themes regarding lymphoedema management included compression garments, physical activities and faith, as well as other strategies such as compression pumps or antibiotics for infection.Conclusion:  Experiences about lymphoedema and its management for breast cancer survivors from both countries were somewhat similar and somewhat different. Collaboration between healthcare providers from both countries should be planned to develop culturally appropriate lymphoedema symptom management interventions for each country.
Factors affecting peritoneal dialysis selection in Taiwanese patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Liang C.‐H. , Yang C.‐Y. , Lu K.‐C. , Chu P. , Chen C.‐H. , Chang Y.‐S. , O'Brien A.P. , Bloomer M. , Chou K.‐R. 
Published: October 2011

LIANG C.‐H., YANG C.‐Y., LU K.‐C., CHU P., CHEN C.‐H., CHANG Y.‐S., O'BRIEN A.P., BLOOMER M. & CHOU K.‐R. (2011) Factors affecting peritoneal dialysis selection in Taiwanese patients with chronic kidney disease. International Nursing Review58, 463–469Background:  Taiwan has the highest incidence and prevalence of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in the world with 55 499 ESRD patients on long‐term dialysis. Nevertheless, 90.96% of these patients are managed on maintenance haemodialysis (HD), with only 9.03% enrolled in a peritoneal dialysis (PD) programme.Aim:  The study aim was to identify the factors affecting Taiwanese patient's selection of PD in preference to HD for chronic kidney disease.Methods:  A cross‐sectional research design was utilized with 130 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients purposively selected from outpatient nephrology clinics at four separate Taiwan hospitals. Logistic regression was used to identify the main factors affecting the patient's choice of dialysis type.Results:  Single‐factor logistic regression found significant differences in opinion related to age, education level, occupation type, disease characteristics, lifestyle modifications, self‐care ability, know‐how of dialysis modality, security considerations and findings related to the decisions made by medical personnel (P < 0.05). Moreover, multinomial logistic regression after adjustment for interfering variables found that self‐care ability and dialysis modality know‐how were the two main factors affecting the person's selection of dialysis type.Conclusions:  Self‐care ability and the person's knowledge of the different types of dialysis modality and how they function were the major determinants for selection of dialysis type in Taiwan based on the results from this study. The results indicate that the education of CRF patients about the types of dialysis available is essential to enable them to understand the benefits or limitations of both types of dialysis.
The implementation of pre‐lecture resources to reduce in‐class cognitive load: A case study for higher education chemistry
Authors: Seery Michael K. , Donnelly Roisin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis case study describes an effective method to ameliorate the cognitive load caused by new terminology and concepts in lectures. Ten online pre‐lecture resources whose design was underpinned by the principles of cognitive load theory were provided to a class of 49 first year university level chemistry students. Each resource introduced a number of key concepts to the forthcoming lecture and included a quiz for students to test understandings and identify misconceptions. The evaluation of the implementation of resources was measured by considering the difference in exam marks for in‐semester test and end of module exam. These showed that the marks for students who had no prior knowledge of chemistry before coming to college significantly improved to the point that there was no difference between students with and without prior knowledge. A key outcome of this work is that providing students with resources to prepare for lectures can help in reducing their cognitive load.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic
Prior knowledge (eg, from school level) is a strong predictor factor for future performance (eg, at college level).
Cognitive load theory describes how the working memory has a limited capacity to process new information.
E‐resources can be designed so as to minimise the difficulty of extracting new information from the resources.
What this paper adds
Designing e‐resources to introduce some core concepts for a lecture can help students identify these in a lecture with a lot of new terminology.
These e‐resources can be easily embedded into the virtual learning environment so that students can access resources, complete quiz and receive feedback and a grade with little extra work for the lecturer.
These e‐resources can provide a basis for in‐lecture discussion between students and between lecturer and students to further discuss content using core terminology.
Implications for practice/policy
Embedding of the resources into the module design is important to attribute them value. The lecture should build on the material introduced in the e‐resource.
Feedback should be as rich as possible, correcting wrong ideas for novices to the discipline and misconceptions for those with prior knowledge.
Identifying core concepts in a structured way before each lecture and providing feedback on students' understanding of these gives students an opportunity to take control of their own learning both before and after a lecture.
Understanding depression through a ‘coming out’ framework
Authors: Ridge Damien , Ziebland Sue 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecently, Scambler and others have broadened the research agenda on stigma to include the wider meanings of stigma within society, and especially the role of identity politicse.g. gay liberation. Recognising that the categories ‘homosexual’ and ‘depression’ were socially constructed and stigmatised from the 19thand 20thcenturies respectively, we draw on themes in conceptual models of coming out as gay or lesbian to sensitise our analysis to personal experiences of depression and the specific ways in which the condition is constructed. Thirty‐eight narrative interviews with people in the UK in various stages of recovery from depression were analysed comparing themes to a ‘coming out’ framework. The applicability of coming out themes to understanding the construction of depression was evident. Themes included childhood difference; confusion; the depression closet; challenging stigma via the biology vs. nurture debate; re‐casting depression as commonplace or even fashionable; contending with a shame‐pride narrative; coming out and, finally, integrating the depression experience. By comparing ‘coming out’ themes with depression experience in detail for the first time, we illuminate how people understand depression, cope with and resist stigma, thus providing insights into the contemporary situation in Western societies for those facing depression.
SAFETY IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS
Authors: LINDGREN THERESE , NILSEN MARIA R. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTSafety in green spaces was examined within residential areas with multi‐family housing in Swedish towns. The focus was on a specific type of space in order to identify elements important for the feeling of safety in that realm. The method used was qualitative interviews with residents and housing company staff. Housing staff and residents emphasised good lighting and low vegetation as important elements for feeling safe. Another key element raised by residents was knowing and recognising people in the area and being able to place them in appropriate contexts. Low shrubs and lighting improved the view. Visibility had a close connection to viewing other people and distinguishing between desirable and undesirable people, a classification aided by knowledge about residents in the area. The three elements lighting, cut shrubs and knowledge about neighbours are all contextualised and given meaning here in a broader understanding of how safety is experienced.
LEADER+ TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE IN POLAND: SUCCESSES AND FAILURES AS A RATIONAL CHOICE EFFECT
Authors: FURMANKIEWICZ MAREK 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe paper analyses the processes of implementing territorial governance using the example of local action groups (LAGs) supported by the LEADER+ Pilot Programme (2005–2008) in Poland. It concludes that the partnership successes and dysfunctions observed resulted from the rationality on the part of bureaucrats and local stakeholders, which may be explained in terms of second‐generation rational choice theories. The main role in the partnerships was that played by local authorities, which often sought to retain control over resources and processes. Involvement of the private sector and local inhabitants was found to be limited. However, the partnership established did lay a sound foundation for the use of the European Union structural funds, even though they did not prove effective in launching a truly participative model of the territorial governance.
EU ACCESSION MIGRATION: NATIONAL INSURANCE NUMBER ALLOCATIONS AND THE GEOGRAPHIES OF POLISH LABOUR IMMIGRATION TO THE UK
Authors: HARRIS CATHERINE , MORAN DOMINIQUE , BRYSON JOHN R. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the challenge of measuring the extent of immigration to the UK following EU Accession in 2004, and argues that the most commonly used databases (UK Census, Labour Force Survey and Worker Registration Scheme) can be supplemented by the National Insurance Number (NINo) Allocations database, and demonstrates the utility of this data for future research by outlining the geography of immigration derived from NINo. The paper makes three important contributions through the thorough analysis of a data source currently underexploited in migration studies; first that the NINo, when used as a indicator of migration per se offers some interesting insights into migration in the UK, and secondly that as a tool for comprehensively measuring the registration of migrants working legally in the UK, it offers a means of constructing a internal geography of (legal) labour migration, as the paper demonstrates. Third, the analysis also identifies self‐employment as a potentially important missing driver behind EU Accession Migration.
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL IN COPING WITH AND BENEFITING FROM NEW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Authors: ERAYDIN AYDA , ARMATLI‐KÖROĞLU BILGE , UZUN NIL 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe economic restructuring and the new economic conditions that arose out of the waves of globalisation has resulted in significant impacts on the labour markets, which in turn have led to social transformation. The characteristics of the new economic structure and the changes in demand for labour are important in the dispersal of the benefits of competitiveness among the different social groups. Several issues that shape the labour markets, such as education, gender, division of labour and the social organisation of work, are important in redefining the impacts of economic restructuring on the income and well‐being of the different social groups. The aim of this paper is to discuss the role of social capital in the adaptation of individuals to the conditions imposed by the recent economic changes and restructuring while also revealing other impacts of this process on the people. In order to find out to what extent social capital contributes to the challenges posed by the ongoing economic transformation and the continuing economic crisis on the people and households, an empirical work based in Izmir (Turkey) is presented in this paper.
Bayesian shared frailty models for regional inference about wildlife survival
Authors: Halstead B. J. , Wylie G. D. , Coates P. S. , Valcarcel P. , Casazza M. L. 
Published: October 2011

Read the Commentaries on this Feature Paper: Combining information in hierarchical models improves inferences in population ecology and demographic population analyses; Bayesian shared frailty models for regional inference about wildlife survival; ‘Each site has its own survival probability, but information is borrowed across sites to tell us about survival in each site’: random effects models as means of borrowing strength in survival studies of wild vertebratesResponse from the authors: ‘Exciting statistics’: the rapid development and promising future of hierarchical models for population ecology
Magnetic resonance volumetry and spectroscopy of hippocampus and insula in relation to severe exposure of traumatic stress
Authors: Eckart Cindy , Kaufmann Jörn , Kanowski Martin , Tempelmann Claus , Hinrichs Hermann , Elbert Thomas , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Kolassa Iris‐Tatjana 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSevere and chronic stress affects the hippocampus, especially during development. However, studies concerning structural alterations of the hippocampus yielded a rather inconsistent picture. Moreover, further anxiety‐relevant brain regions, such as the insula, might be implicated in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We combined magnetic resonance (MR) volumetric and spectroscopic analyses of hippocampus and insula in highly traumatized refugees without a history of alcohol/substance abuse or other comorbid diseases. No PTSD‐related difference was apparent in the volumes or neurometabolite levels of bilateral hippocampus or insula. However, an association between left hippocampal N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) and adverse childhood experiences indicated a potential detrimental effect of the early environment on hippocampal integrity. Our results add to increasing evidence that PTSD‐related, morphological alterations in the hippocampus are a consequence of early adversity or may result from other factors, such as extensive use of alcohol.
Functional connectivity and infant spatial working memory: A frequency band analysis
Authors: Cuevas Kimberly , Raj Vinaya , Bell Martha Ann 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe limited research on the functional meaning of infant EEG frequency bands has used measures of EEG power. The purpose of this study was to examine task‐related changes in frontal EEG coherence measures for three infant EEG frequency bands (2–5 Hz, 6–9 Hz, 10–13 Hz) during a spatial working memory task. Eight‐month‐olds exhibited baseline‐to‐task changes in frontal EEG coherence for all infant frequency bands. Both the 2–5 Hz and the 10–13 Hz bands differentiated frontal functional connectivity during the distinct processing stages, but each band provided unique information. The 10–13 Hz band, however, was the only frequency band to distinguish frontal EEG coherence values during correct and incorrect responses. These data reveal valuable information concerning frontal functional connectivity and the functional meaning of three different infant EEG frequency bands during working memory processing.