bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calculating daily dose in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model
Authors: Burkard Theresa , López‐Güell Kim , Gorbachev Artem , Bellas Lucía , Jödicke Annika M. , Burn Edward , de Ridder Maria , Mosseveld Mees , Gratton Jasmine , Seager Sarah , Vojinovic Dina , Mayer Miguel Angel , Ramírez‐Anguita Juan Manuel , Machín Angela Leis , Oja Marek , Kolde Raivo , Bonadt Klaus , Prieto‐Alhambra Daniel , Reich Chistian , Català Martí 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to develop a standardized method to calculate daily dose (i.e., the amount of drug a patient was exposed to per day) of any drug on a global scale using only drug information of typical observational data in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (OMOP CDM) and a single reference table from Observational Health Data Sciences And Informatics (OHDSI).Materials and MethodsThe OMOP DRUG_STRENGTH reference table contains information on the strength or concentration of drugs, whereas the OMOP DRUG_EXPOSURE table contains information on patients' drug prescriptions or dispensations/claims. Based on DRUG_EXPOSURE data from the primary care databases Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD (United Kingdom) and Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI, The Netherlands) and healthcare claims from PharMetrics® Plus for Academics (USA), we developed four formulas to calculate daily dose given different DRUG_STRENGTH reference table information. We tested the dose formulas by comparing the calculated median daily dose to the World Health Organization (WHO) Defined Daily Dose (DDD) for six different ingredients in those three databases and additional four international databases representing a variety of healthcare settings: MAITT (Estonia, healthcare claims and discharge summaries), IQVIA Disease Analyzer Germany (outpatient data), IQVIA Longitudinal Patient Database Belgium (outpatient data), and IMASIS Parc Salut (Spain, hospital data). Finally, in each database, we assessed the proportion of drug records for which daily dose calculations were possible using the suggested formulas.ResultsApplying the dose formulas, we obtained median daily doses that generally matched the WHO DDD definitions. Our dose formulas were applicable to >85% of drug records in all but one of the assessed databases.ConclusionWe have established and implemented a standardized daily dose calculation in OMOP CDM providing reliable and reproducible results.
An overview about neural networks potentials in molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Martin‐Barrios Raidel , Navas‐Conyedo Edisel , Zhang Xuyi , Chen Yunwei , Gulín‐González Jorge 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAb‐initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) is a key method for realistic simulation of complex atomistic systems and processes in nanoscale. In AIMD, finite‐temperature dynamical trajectories are generated by using forces computed from electronic structure calculations. In systems with high numbers of components a typical AIMD run is computationally demanding. On the other hand, machine learning (ML) is a subfield of the artificial intelligence that consist in a set of algorithms that show learning by experience with the use of input and output data where algorithms are capable of analysing and predicting the future. At present, the main application of ML techniques in atomic simulations is the development of new interatomic potentials to correctly describe the potential energy surfaces (PES). This technique is in constant progress since its inception around 30 years ago. The ML potentials combine the advantages of classical and Ab‐initio methods, that is, the efficiency of a simple functional form and the accuracy of first principles calculations. In this article we review the evolution of four generations of machine learning potentials and some of their most notable applications. This review focuses on MLPs based on neural networks. Also, we present a state of art of this topic and future trends. Finally, we report the results of a scientometric study (covering the period 1995–2023) about the impact of ML techniques applied to atomistic simulations, distribution of publications by geographical regions and hot topics investigated in the literature.
Noise Performance of On‐Chip Nano‐Mechanical Switches for Quantum Photonics Applications
Authors: Thomas Rodrigo A. , Qvotrup Celeste , Liu Zhe , Midolo Leonardo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNano‐opto‐electromechanical systems provide an elegant solution for controlling light in quantum photonic integrated circuits, enabling small footprint devices for on‐chip unitary transformations with low power consumption and cryogenic compatibility. In quantum applications, the noise of optical switches and routers is an important factor in establishing high‐fidelity linear optical operations. In this work, the dynamical operation and noise performance of gap‐variable directional couplers fabricated in Gallium Arsenide, are reported. The noise contribution stemming from mechanical modes of the devices are investigated and a low‐temperature total phase noise of is observed over the 1–5 MHz bandwidth. The noise characteristic depends very weakly on the temperature, suggesting that the origin of noise stems primarily from electrostatic actuation.
Cannibalism in Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra)
Authors: Calvo‐Fernandez Cristina , Sorribes Elisa L. , Garrido‐Moreno Jesús , Martín‐Maldonado Bárbara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Eurasian otter, Lutra lutra, faced adversity in Europe in the 1950s and 1960s due to hunting, declining fish populations and the American mink invasion. Slow recovery since the 1970s led to a ‘Near Threatened’ in the IUCN Red List status, but recent pollution, fishing pressure and habitat loss caused slight population declines. Otters, known for aquatic habits, are mainly piscivorous and exhibit solitaire or social behaviours. Infanticide with parent‐offspring cannibalism has been previously reported in otter species, but although cannibalism has been suggested, it has not been documented before. This study presents the first documented case of cannibalism among free‐living Eurasian otters observed in northern Norway. Some authors described cannibalism as an opportunistic resource‐efficient behaviour in several mammal species, offering benefits like weight gain and reduced competition, challenging the view of adverse health effects. Factors leading to otter cannibalism include ecological changes, resource competition with other species and global warming and overfishing practices contributing to increased otter competition. Further studies will be vital to answering intriguing questions about the implications of cannibalism for otter conservation.
Walruses from space: walrus counts in simultaneous remotely piloted aircraft system versus very high‐resolution satellite imagery
Authors: Cubaynes Hannah C. , Forcada Jaume , Kovacs Kit M. , Lydersen Christian , Downie Rod , Fretwell Peter T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRegular counts of walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) across their pan‐Arctic range are necessary to determine accurate population trends and in turn understand how current rapid changes in their habitat, such as sea ice loss, are impacting them. However, surveying a region as vast and remote as the Arctic with vessels or aircraft is a formidable logistical challenge, limiting the frequency and spatial coverage of field surveys. An alternative methodology involving very high‐resolution (VHR) satellite imagery has proven to be a useful tool to detect walruses, but the feasibility of accurately counting individuals has not been addressed. Here, we compare walrus counts obtained from a VHR WorldView‐3 satellite image, with a simultaneous ground count obtained using a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS). We estimated the accuracy of the walrus counts depending on (1) the spatial resolution of the VHR satellite imagery, providing the same WorldView‐3 image to assessors at three different spatial resolutions (i.e., 50, 30 and 15 cm per pixel) and (2) the level of expertise of the assessors (experts vs. a mixed level of experience – representative of citizen scientists). This latter aspect of the study is important to the efficiency and outcomes of the global assessment programme because there are citizen science campaigns inviting the public to count walruses in VHR satellite imagery. There were 73 walruses in our RPAS ‘control’ image. Our results show that walruses were under‐counted in VHR satellite imagery at all spatial resolutions and across all levels of assessor expertise. Counts from the VHR satellite imagery with 30 cm spatial resolution were the most accurate and least variable across levels of expertise. This was a successful first attempt at validating VHR counts with near‐simultaneous, in situ, data but further assessments are required for walrus aggregations with different densities and configurations, on different substrates.
Sodium Niobate Nanowires Embedded PVA‐Hydrogel‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Versatile Energy Harvesting and Self‐Powered CO Gas Sensor
Authors: Jaiswal Monica , Singh Shivam , Sharma Bharat , Choudhary Sumit , Kumar Robin , Sharma Satinder K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe surging demand for sustainable energy solutions and adaptable electronic devices has led to the exploration of alternative and advanced power sources. Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out as a promising technology for efficient energy harvesting, but research on fully flexible and environmental friendly TENGs still remain limited. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced utilizing an ionic‐solution modified conductive hydrogel embedded with piezoelectric sodium niobate nanowires‐based Triboelectric Nanogenerator (NW‐TENG), offering intrinsic advantages to healthcare and wearable devices. The synthesized NW‐TENG, with a 12.5 cm2 surface area, achieves peak output performance, producing ≈840 V of voltage and 2.3 µC of charge transfer, respectively. The rectified energy powers up 30 LEDs and a stopwatch; while the NW‐TENG efficiently charges capacitors from 1µF to 100 µF, reaching 1 V within 4 to 65 s at 6 Hz. Integration with prototype carbon monoxide (CO) gas sensor transform the device into a self‐powered gas sensory technology. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of nanowire effects on TENG performance, offering insights for designing highly flexible and environmentally friendly TENGs, and extending applications to portable self‐powered gas sensors and wearable devices.
B‐mode brain ultrasound in neurocritical patients
Authors: Carruega María Carla , Feijóo José Alberto , Cheong Issac , Tamagnone Francisco Marcelo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ultrasonographic evaluation of the brain is widely disseminated, focusing on the transcranial Doppler technique, which allows the evaluation of the flows of the different arteries of the circle of Willis in neurocritical patients. In this context, for a long time the brightness mode (B‐mode) has not been taken into account for the study of the pathology of the central nervous system. However, it has been shown that it can also provide valuable information in neurocritical patients by being able to identify hemorrhagic, tumoral, ischemic, traumatic and inflammatory lesions to mention some of its applications. Due to this, the B‐mode should also be considered as an indispensable tool in the management of neurocritical patients.
Threat models over space and time: A case study of end‐to‐end‐encrypted messaging applications
Authors: Das Chowdhury Partha , Sameen Maria , Blessing Jenny , Boucher Nicholas , Gardiner Joseph , Burrows Tom , Anderson Ross , Rashid Awais 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThreat modeling is one of the foundations of secure systems engineering and must take heed of the context within which systems operate. In this work, we explore the extent to which real‐world systems engineering reflects a changing threat context. We examine the desktop clients of six widely used end‐to‐end‐encrypted mobile messaging applications to understand the extent to which they adjusted their threat model over space (when enabling clients on new platforms, such as desktop clients) and time (as new threats emerged). We experimented with short‐lived adversarial access against these desktop clients and analyzed the results using two popular threat elicitation frameworks, STRIDE and LINDDUN. The results demonstrate that system designers need to track threats in the evolving context within which systems operate and, more importantly, mitigate them by rescoping trust boundaries so that they remain consistent with administrative boundaries. A nuanced understanding of the relationship between trust and administration is vital for robust security, including the provision of safe defaults.
An Emerging Trend in the Synthesis of Iron Titanate Photocatalyst Toward Water Splitting
Authors: Ashie Moses D. , Kumar Dhananjay , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydrogen gas is a prominent focus in pursuing renewable and clean alternative energy sources. The quest for maximizing hydrogen production yield involves the exploration of an ideal photocatalyst and the development of a simple, cost‐effective technique for its generation. Iron titanate has garnered attention in this context due to its photocatalytic properties, affordability, and non‐toxic nature. Over the years, different synthesis routes, different morphologies, and some modifications of iron titanate have been carried out to improve its photocatalytic performance by enhancing light absorption in the visible region, boosting charge carrier transfer, and decreasing recombination of electrons and holes. The use of iron titanate photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction has seen an upward trend in recent times, and based on available findings, more can be done to improve the performance. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of photocatalysis for hydrogen generation, encompassing the synthesis, morphology, and application of iron titanate‐based photocatalysts. The discussion delves into the limitations of current methodologies and present and future perspectives for advancing iron titanate photocatalysts. By addressing these limitations and contemplating future directions, the aim is to enhance the properties of materials fabricated for photocatalytic water splitting.
The Historical Development of the Concepts Underlying the Design and Construction of Targeted Coordination Polymers/MOFs: A Personal Account
Authors: Robson Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPresented here is a personal account of how the ideas and concepts underlying the design and construction of coordination polymers/MOFs developed historically ‐ from the earliest conjectures in the 1970’s about the possibility of using pre‐organized building blocks to construct targeted polymeric structures, to the initial experimental implementation of these ideas in the mid‐80’s and to the introduction of the name MOFs in the 90’s. The early exploratory work with pre‐organized building blocks described in this article paved the way for the subsequent explosion of research activity in the CP/MOF area and for the generation of an essentially unlimited range of designed coordination polymer structures promising a variety of useful properties.
Conformal Kaehler Submanifolds
Authors: Alías L. J. , Chion S. , Dajczer M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper presents two results in the realm of conformal Kaehler submanifolds. These are conformal immersions of Kaehler manifolds into the standard flat Euclidean space. The proofs are obtained by making a rather strong use of several facts and techniques developed in Chion and Dajczer (Proc Edinb Math Soc 66:810–833, 2023) for the study of isometric immersions of Kaehler manifolds into the standard hyperbolic space.
Weightbearing versus non-weight bearing in geriatric distal femoral fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wardle Blaise , Lynch Joseph T. , Staniforth Thomas , Ward Thomas , Smith Paul 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Demographics of patients who sustain geriatric distal femoral fractures (DFF) match those of patients with neck-of-femur fractures but have limited evidence with which to support post-operative weightbearing protocols.

Purpose
This systematic review sought to identify any difference in outcomes for elderly patients with DFF who were allowed early versus delayed weightbearing postoperatively.

Methods

Data sources
PubMed, Medline, Embase and The Cochrane Library, reference lists of retrieved articles.

Study selection
English language papers published between January 2010 and February 2023 with AO-OTA type 33A, B and C femoral fractures as well as Lewis and Rorabeck Type I and II periprosthetic DFF surgically treated with either a lateral locking plate or retrograde intramedullary nail and an average patient age of ≥ 60 years.

Data extraction
Studies were assessed for inclusion by two authors and quality was assessed using the MINORS tool.

Data synthesis
Sixteen studies were included, Meta-analysis of non-union, malunion, infection, delayed union and implant complications was performed using Microsoft Excel and the MetaXL extension. The data on return to mobility were presented in narrative form. The analyses demonstrated no difference between the early and delayed weightbearing groups.

Conclusions
There are no significant differences in complication rates between early versus delayed weightbearing after surgery for DFF in an elderly population. The study results are limited by high heterogeneity and low-quality studies. High quality, prospective studies are needed to determine the ideal postoperative weightbearing protocol.

Level of evidence
Level III, Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Level III studies.
International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration—Prospero CRD42022371460.
Stochastic quantisation of Yang–Mills–Higgs in 3D
Authors: Chandra Ajay , Chevyrev Ilya , Hairer Martin , Shen Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe define a state space and a Markov process associated to the stochastic quantisation equation of Yang–Mills–Higgs (YMH) theories. The state space $\mathcal{S}$
S
is a nonlinear metric space of distributions, elements of which can be used as initial conditions for the (deterministic and stochastic) YMH flow with good continuity properties. Using gauge covariance of the deterministic YMH flow, we extend gauge equivalence ∼ to $\mathcal{S}$
S
and thus define a quotient space of “gauge orbits” $\mathfrak {O}$
O
. We use the theory of regularity structures to prove local in time solutions to the renormalised stochastic YMH flow. Moreover, by leveraging symmetry arguments in the small noise limit, we show that there is a unique choice of renormalisation counterterms such that these solutions are gauge covariant in law. This allows us to define a canonical Markov process on $\mathfrak {O}$
O
(up to a potential finite time blow-up) associated to the stochastic YMH flow.
Untangling the Evolution of the Receptor-Binding Motif of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Delaye Luis , Román-Padilla Lizbeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe spike protein determines the host-range specificity of coronaviruses. In particular, the Receptor-Binding Motif in the spike protein from SARS-CoV-2 contains the amino acids involved in molecular recognition of the host Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2. Therefore, to understand how SARS-CoV-2 acquired its capacity to infect humans it is necessary to reconstruct the evolution of this important motif. Early during the pandemic, it was proposed that the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain was acquired via recombination with a pangolin infecting coronavirus. This proposal was challenged by an alternative explanation that suggested that the Receptor-Binding Domain from SARS-CoV-2 did not originated via recombination with a coronavirus from a pangolin. Instead, this alternative hypothesis proposed that the Receptor-Binding Motif from the bat coronavirus RaTG13, was acquired via recombination with an unidentified coronavirus. And as a consequence of this event, the Receptor-Binding Domain from the pangolin coronavirus appeared as phylogenetically closer to SARS-CoV-2. Recently, the genomes from coronaviruses from Cambodia (bat_RShST182/200) and Laos (BANAL-20-52/103/247) which are closely related to SARS-CoV-2 were reported. However, no detailed analysis of the evolution of the Receptor-Binding Motif from these coronaviruses was reported. Here we revisit the evolution of the Receptor-Binding Domain and Motif in the light of the novel coronavirus genome sequences. Specifically, we wanted to test whether the above coronaviruses from Cambodia and Laos were the source of the Receptor-Binding Domain from RaTG13. We found that the Receptor-Binding Motif from these coronaviruses is phylogenetically closer to SARS-CoV-2 than to RaTG13. Therefore, the source of the Receptor-Binding Domain from RaTG13 is still unidentified. In accordance with previous studies, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Receptor-Binding Motif from SARS-CoV-2 evolved by vertical inheritance from a bat-infecting population of coronaviruses.
Utility of hydroxychloroquine laboratory monitoring in dermatologic and rheumatologic patients
Authors: Green Maxwell , Williams Laura , Boh Erin , Kuraitis Drew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an immunomodulator used in dermatology and rheumatology. Side effects may be observed on routine monitoring studies before they become clinically apparent. The goal of this retrospective chart review was to assess laboratory abnormalities in dermatologic and rheumatologic patients taking HCQ. Medical records of patients prescribed HCQ were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, reported side effects, and parameters on baseline and follow-up complete blood count (CBC) and comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) were recorded and graded. Laboratory abnormalities were considered severe if they were grade 3 or greater according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 and persistent if they continued beyond subsequent laboratory testing. Of 646 eligible charts, 289 had monitoring studies for review. There were 35 severe (grade 3 or 4, 35/289; 12%) adverse events that developed, as noted on CBC or CMP. Of these 35 severe adverse events, 25 self-corrected on subsequent testing, and 10 (10/289, 3%) across 9 patients were persistent, including glomerular filtration rate, alanine transferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, hemoglobin and lymphopenia abnormalities. Of these 10 abnormalities, 7/10 (70%) were unlikely due to hydroxychloroquine use according to the calculated Naranjo score for each patient. Severe laboratory abnormalities while taking hydroxychloroquine are rare, even in a population with a high rate of comorbidities. Among the abnormalities observed, the majority of them (70%) were likely due to disease progression or a medication other than hydroxychloroquine. CBC and CMP monitoring for the reason of observing abnormalities while on HCQ should be at the discretion of the prescribing physician.