bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward Comprehensive Analysis of the Galectin Network in Chicken: Unique Diversity of Galectin‐3 and Comparison of its Localization Profile in Organs of Adult Animals to the Other Four Members of this Lectin Family
Authors: Kaltner Herbert , Kübler Dieter , López‐Merino Lara , Lohr Michaela , Manning Joachim C. , Lensch Martin , Seidler Joerg , Lehmann Wolf D. , André Sabine , Solís Dolores , Gabius Hans‐Joachim 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCharacterization of all members of a gene family established by gene divergence is essential to delineate distinct or overlapping expression profiles and functionalities. Their activity as potent modulators of diverse physiological processes directs interest to galectins (endogenous lectins with β‐sandwich fold binding β‐galactosides and peptide motifs), warranting their study with the long‐term aim of a comprehensive analysis. The comparatively low level of complexity of the galectin network in chicken with five members explains the choice of this organism as model. Previously, the three proto‐type chicken galectins CG‐1A, CG‐1B, and CG‐2 as well as the tandem‐repeat‐type CG‐8 had been analyzed. Our study fills the remaining gap to determine gene structure, protein characteristics and expression profile of the fifth protein, that is, chimera‐type chicken galectin‐3 (CG‐3). Its gene has a unique potential to generate variants: mRNA production stems from two promoters, alternative splicing of the form from the second transcription start point (tsp) can generate three mRNAs. The protein with functional phosphorylation sites in the N‐terminus generated by transcription from the first tsp (tsp1CG‐3) is the predominant CG‐3 type present in adult tissues. Binding assays with neoglycoproteins and cultured cells disclose marked similarity to properties of human galectin‐3. The expression and localization profiles as well as proximal promoter regions have characteristic features distinct from the other four CGs. This information on CG‐3 completes the description of the panel of CGs, hereby setting the stage for detailed comparative analysis of the entire CG family, e.g., in embryogenesis. Anat Rec, , 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple objective optimization of the fleet sizing problem for road freight transportation
Authors: Żak Jacek , Redmer Adam , Sawicki Piotr 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYA fleet sizing problem (FSP) in a road freight transportation company with heterogeneous fleet and its own technical back‐up facilities is considered in the paper. The mathematical model of the decision problem is formulated in terms of multiple objective mathematical programming based on queuing theory. Technical and economical criteria as well as interests of different stakeholders are taken into account in the problem formulation. The solution procedure is composed of two steps. In the first one, a sample of Pareto‐optimal solutions is generated by an original program called MEGROS. In the second step, this set is reviewed and evaluated, according to the Decision Maker's (DM's) model of preferences. The evaluation of solutions is carried out with an application of an interactive multiple criteria analysis method, called Light Beam Search (LBS). Finally, the DM selects the most desirable, compromise solution. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of 1‐13C‐l‐methionine in rat serum with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and its application in pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Xu Ying , Huang Xiao , Nie Xiuli , Yang Li , Yan Weili , Wang Zhengtao , Wang Changhong , Hu Zhibi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA rapid, selective and sensitive hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed to determine 1‐13C‐l‐methionine in rat serum. Proteins in serum were precipitated using acetonitrile and the supernatant was separated after centrifugation. 1‐13C‐l‐phenylalnine was used as the internal standard. HILIC–tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed on a hydrophilic interaction silica column (TSK‐GEL AMIDE‐80) using a linear gradient elution system, acetonitrile−5 mm ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid and multiple reaction monitoring mode for 1‐13C‐l‐methionine and 1‐13C‐l‐phenylalnine. The assay was validated with a linear range between 10 and 150 ng mL−1 (r ≥ 0.99) and a lower limit of quantification of 10 ng mL−1, calculated with weighted (1/x2) least squares linear regression. The RSD of intra‐day precision was smaller than 3.6% and the inter‐day RSD less than 6.5%, while the average recovery was 100.48% with an RSD of accuracy within 2.9%, determined from quality control samples. The HILIC‐MS/MS method was fully validated and successfully applied to the in vivo pharmacokinetic study of stable‐isotope 1‐13C‐l‐methionine in rats. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constructing the stereotype of immigrants' criminality: Accounts of fear and risk in talk about immigration to Greece
Authors: Figgou Lia , Sapountzis Antonis , Bozatzis Nikos , Gardikiotis Antonis , Pantazis Pavlos 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper explores the discursive construction of immigrants' criminality in interview accounts obtained by a sample of Greek people in Thessaloniki (Northern Greece). Analysis, which adopts a discursive approach to stereotypes and category construction, indicates that fear and insecurity on the part of Greek people are represented as a sine qua non consequence of immigration to Greece. Two different lines of argument are used to account for the arousal of fear. According to the first, fear constitutes a corollary of a widespread stereotypical representation of immigrants as criminals. The stereotype of immigrants' criminality is considered to be ill‐warranted and it is attributed to the media or to other unspecified people. According to another, more regularly used, line of argument, however, fear is predicated upon the sordid living conditions of immigrants in Greece which make the probability of them being involved in illegal acts particularly high. In this case, fear is seen to derive from a ‘rational estimate’ of the probability of immigrant's involvement in criminal acts. Nested within the discourse of ‘risk’ the stereotypical image of immigrants' criminality is sustained and used to account for the need to protect the ‘ingroup’ from ‘immigrant groups’ through immigration control and surveillance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First survey of the three gene polymorphisms (PON1 Q192R, eNOS E298D and eNOS C‐786T) potentially associated with coronary artery spasm in African populations and comparison with worldwide data
Authors: Fujihara Junko , Yasuda Toshihiro , Kawai Yasuyuki , Morikawa Norihiro , Arakawa Kenichiro , Koda Yoshiro , Soejima Mikiko , Kimura‐Kataoka Kaori , Takeshita Haruo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThree polymorphisms, Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Q192R (C/G), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) E298D (G/T) and eNOS T‐786C have been suggested to be potentially associated with coronary artery spasm in Japanese patients. Data on worldwide populations are needed to clarify whether these associations could hold true for other populations. However, few data are available especially in Africans, spasm of which has been suggested to be an aetiology of myocardial infarction. Therefore, these polymorphisms were investigated in three Africans, Ovambos (n = 123), Ghanians (n = 118) and Xhosas (n = 96), together with Japanese (n = 96), by using polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Genotype‐distributions of all these SNPs in African populations were significantly different from those in Caucasians, whereas were similar to those in Japanese population. African populations exhibit relatively higher frequency of spasm‐associated G192 allele in PON1 Q192R being similar to Japanese population, however frequencies of spasm‐associated T298 allele and –C786 allele in SNP eNOS E298D and T‐786C, respectively, were conversely lower in Africans than Caucasians. Although healthy subjects have been recruited in this study, these findings may provide genetic background for elucidation of aetiology of spasm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Participation of the liver gluconeogenesis in the glibenclamide‐induced hypoglycaemia in rats
Authors: Geisler Sandonaid Andrei , Felisberto‐Junior Antonio Machado , Tavoni Thauany Martins , Carrara Márcia Aparecida , Curi Rui , Bazotte Roberto Barbosa 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe previously demonstrated an increased liver gluconeogenesis (LG) during insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia. Thus, an expected effect of sulphonylureas induced hypoglycaemia (SIH) could be the activation of LG. However, sulphonylureas infused directly in to the liver inhibits LG. Considering these opposite effects we investigated herein LG in rats submitted to SIH. For this purpose, 24 h fasted rats that received glibenclamide (10 mg kg−1) were used (SIH group). Control group received oral saline. Glycaemia at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min after oral administration of glibenclamide were evaluated. Since the lowest glycaemia was obtained 120 min after glibenclamide administration, this time was chosen to investigate LG in situ perfused livers. The gluconeogenesis from precursors that enters in this metabolic pathway before the mitochondrial step, i.e. L‐alanine (5 mM), L‐lactate (2 mM), pyruvate (5 mM) and L‐glutamine were decreased (p < 0·05). However, the gluconeogenic activity using glycerol (2 mM), which enters in the gluconeogenesis after the mitochondrial step was maintained. Taken together, the results suggest that the inhibition of LG promoted by SIH overcome the activation of this metabolic pathway promoted by IIH and could be attributed, at least in part, to its effect on mitochondrial function. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An activator of PHD2, KRH102140, decreases angiogenesis via inhibition of HIF‐1α
Authors: Nepal Manoj , Gong Young‐Dae , Park Young Ran , Soh Yunjo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible transcription factors (HIFs) play a pivotal role in the response of cells to hypoxia. HIFs are dimers of an oxygen‐sensitive α‐subunit (HIF‐1α or HIF‐2α), and a constitutively expressed β‐subunit. In normoxia, HIF‐1α is destabilized by post‐translational hydroxylation of Pro‐564 and Pro‐402 by a family of oxygen‐sensitive dioxygenases. Prolyl hydroxylation leads to von Hippel–Lindau protein‐dependent ubiquitination and rapid degradation of HIF‐1α. We previously reported that KRH102053, an activator of PHD2, rapidly decreased HIF‐1α and eventually inhibited angiogenesis. Here, we report a potent activator of PHD2, KRH102140, which has a structure similar to KRH102053. KRH102140 more efficiently suppressed HIF‐1α than KRH102053 in human osteosarcoma cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, KRH102140 decreased the mRNA levels of HIF‐regulated downstream target genes associated with angiogenesis and energy metabolism such as vascular endothelial growth factor, adrenomedullin, Glut1, aldolase A, enolase 1 and monocarboxylate transporter 4. KRH102140 also inhibited tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelium cells. The results suggest that KRH102140 has potential therapeutic effects in alleviating various diseases associated with HIFs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ventricular septal defect closure in a small children with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder II
Authors: Tahlawi Mohammad El , Kammache Issam , Fraisse Alain 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTranscatheter technique for muscular ventricular septal defect closure remains challenging, particularly in small patients. We report the successful use of the low profile Amplatzer Duct Occluder II for multiple ventricular septal defect closure in an infant with D‐transposition of the great arteries, status postpulmonary artery banding. The multiple apical ventricular septal defects were successfully closed with two Amplatzer Duct Occluder II and one Amplatzer Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder during two interventional catheterizations. The patient subsequently underwent successful surgical repair. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Migration of fractured renal artery stent
Authors: Tanaka Akihito , Takahashi Saeko , Saito Shigeru 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn 80‐year‐old man received stent implantation for severe stenosis of the right renal artery. During the procedure, the proximal edge of the stent was successfully positioned at the ostium of the renal artery. After 6 months, follow‐up renal angiography showed transverse stent fracture without restenosis. The proximal part of the fractured stent had moved and protruded into the abdominal aorta. Three years later, the proximal part of the fractured stent had migrated from the renal artery to the wall of infrarenal aorta. This is the first reported case of stent migration of the renal artery caused by a complete transverse stent fracture. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hard–soft modeling parallel factor analysis to solve equilibrium processes
Authors: Sajjadi S. M. , Abdollahi H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPARAFAC model is the most famous model for analyzing three‐way data. However, this method does not converge to chemically meaningful solutions when applied to three‐way problems involving rank overlap profiles at least in one mode. Rank overlap can be simply found where components have similar spectral profiles or analytes appearing in identical proportions throughout an experiment. However, an appropriate selection of the initial parameters and constraints such as non‐negativity and unimodality can still make PARAFAC model useful in this regard. Although such constraints reduce rotational freedom in PARAFAC solution, they are generally insufficient to wholly eliminate the rotational problem. The goal of the present paper is to incorporate hard modeling constraint in the soft‐modeled PARAFAC algorithm to overcome non‐uniqueness problem in the equilibrium processes involving linearly dependent factors at least in one mode. The hard constraint is introduced to force some or all of the concentration profiles to fulfill an equilibrium model that is refined at each iteration cycle of the optimization process of PARAFAC. The proposed approach is called hard–soft PARAFAC (HSPARAFAC). When the rank overlap species obeys equilibrium model in HSPARAFAC, the unique results are obtained even in the presence of non‐modeled interferences. The new modification in the treatment of equilibrium data sets yields more satisfactory results than the exclusive PARAFAC algorithm. Simulated and real examples with rank overlap problem are used to confirm this statement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of kernel PCA and linear support vector machine for modeling a nonlinear relationship between bioactivity and molecular descriptors
Authors: Fu Guang‐Hui , Cao Dong‐Sheng , Xu Qing‐Song , Li Hong‐Dong , Liang Yi‐Zeng 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a two‐step nonlinear classification algorithm is proposed to model the structure–activity relationship (SAR) between bioactivities and molecular descriptors of compounds, which consists of kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and linear support vector machines (KPCA + LSVM). KPCA is used to remove some uninformative gradients such as noises and then exactly capture the latent structure of the training dataset using some new variables called the principal components in the kernel‐defined feature space. LSVM makes full use of the maximal margin hyperplane to give the best generalization performance in the KPCA‐transformed space. The combination of KPCA and LSVM can effectively improve the prediction performance compared with the linear SVM as well as two nonlinear methods. Three datasets related to different categorical bioactivities of compounds are used to evaluate the performance of KPCA + LSVM. The results show that our algorithm is competitive. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadening Deoxysugar Glycodiversity: Natural and Engineered Transaldolases Unlock a Complementary Substrate Space
Authors: Rale Madhura , Schneider Sarah , Sprenger Georg A. , Samland Anne K. , Fessner Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe majority of prokaryotic drugs are produced in glycosylated form, with the deoxygenation level in the sugar moiety having a profound influence on the drug’s bioprofile. Chemical deoxygenation is challenging due to the need for tedious protective group manipulations. For a direct biocatalytic de novo generation of deoxysugars by carboligation, with regiocontrol over deoxygenation sites determined by the choice of enzyme and aldol components, we have investigated the substrate scope of the F178Y mutant of transaldolase B, TalBF178Y, and fructose 6‐phosphate aldolase, FSA, from E. coli against a panel of variously deoxygenated aldehydes and ketones as aldol acceptors and donors, respectively. Independent of substrate structure, both enzymes catalyze a stereospecific carboligation resulting in the D‐threo configuration. In combination, these enzymes have allowed the preparation of a total of 22 out of 24 deoxygenated ketose‐type products, many of which are inaccessible by available enzymes, from a [3×8] substrate matrix. Although aliphatic and hydroxylated aliphatic aldehydes were good substrates, D‐lactaldehyde was found to be an inhibitor possibly as a consequence of inactive substrate binding to the catalytic Lys residue. A 1‐hydroxy‐2‐alkanone moiety was identified as a common requirement for the donor substrate, whereas propanone and butanone were inactive. For reactions involving dihydroxypropanone, TalBF178Y proved to be the superior catalyst, whereas for reactions involving 1‐hydroxybutanone, FSA is the only choice; for conversions using hydroxypropanone, both TalBF178Y and FSA are suitable. Structure‐guided mutagenesis of Ser176 to Ala in the distant binding pocket of TalBF178Y, in analogy with the FSA active site, further improved the acceptance of hydroxypropanone. Together, these catalysts are valuable new entries to an expanding toolbox of biocatalytic carboligation and complement each other well in their addressable constitutional space for the stereospecific preparation of deoxysugars.
A New Phase in the Binary Iron Nitrogen System?—The Prediction of Iron Pernitride, FeN2
Authors: Wessel Michael , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAmong numerous different AB2 structures with the hypothetical composition FeN2, the structures lying lowest in energy have been determined by a series of density‐functional electronic‐structure calculations. The most likely FeN2 phase crystallizing in the space group R$\bar 3$m must be considered an iron pernitride incorporating binuclear NN units (d=1.275 Å) with an anionic charge of 2−. This high‐pressure magnetic phase with a bulk modulus of about 192 GPa and an iron saturation moment of approximately 1.68 μB should already form at a pressure of 17 GPa at an assumed reaction temperature of 1000 K. Besides bonding FeN interactions, antibonding NN and FeFe interactions exist in the crystal structure.
Taxol®. Hoffnung gegen Krebs
Authors: Schäfer Bernd 
Published: February 2011

AbstractKrebserkrankungen kennt man seit der Antike. Die Entdeckung von Paclitaxel und die Entwicklung von Taxol(r) ist sowohl für die Naturstoffsynthese als auch für die Krebsforschung ein bedeutender Meilenstein. Unmittelbar nach der Entdeckung seiner einzigartigen pharmakologischen Eigenschaften wurde die klinische Versorgung mit Material einer Verbindung mit solch anspruchsvoller Struktur ein ernsthaftes Problem. Namhafte Arbeitskreise lieferten eine Reihe von Totalsynthesen, aber der klinische Bedarf wurde von Anfang an zunächst durch Extraktion der Eibenrinde und später durch Partialsynthese gedeckt. Seit den 1990er Jahren stellt man Paclitaxel zusätzlich durch Pflanzenzellfermentation her.
Mit Licht Protonen pumpen
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBakterien können Sonnenlicht nutzen, um Protonengradienten an den sie umhüllenden Membranen aufzubauen. Die dazu nötigen Pumpen sind in der Membran eingelagerte Proteine, lichtgetriebene Protonenpumpen wie das Bakteriorhodopsin. Am Transport der Protonen ist Wasser im Innenraum der Proteine entscheidend beteiligt.
Eiskalte Fische
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDer antarktische Seehecht Dissostichus mawsoni lebt dauerhaft bei Temperaturen um den Gefrierpunkt. Sein Blut hat einen Gefrierpunkt von –0, 9 °C. Hieraus isolierten Bochumer Chemiker um Martina Havenith gemeinsam mit amerikanischen Kollegen Glykoproteine, die Modell standen, um auf molekularer Ebene den Schutz vor gefrierendem Wasser aufzuklären.
März – Alaaf und Helau
Authors: Hatscher Deike , Knirsch Sandra 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Klimax der fünften Jahreszeit am Rosenmontag und Veilchendienstag beschert uns einen Rahmen, um alle Register der Schminkkunst zu ziehen. Grundlage sind die typischen Produkte der dekorativen Kosmetik in den wildesten Farben, die einer phantasiereichen Hautbemalung praktisch keine Grenzen mehr setzten.
Arsenat‐Verwerter: anders oder nur angepasst?
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractDie Meldung der NASA erregte viel Aufsehen: Forscher hatten offenbar Mikroben entdeckt, die eins der sechs essentiellen Elemente, Phosphor, durch Arsen ersetzen können. Doch ob diese Giftschlucker wirklich Arsenat in ihre DNA einbauen, ist noch höchst ungewiss.
Role of Age, Sex, and Race on Cardiac and Total Mortality Associated With Super Bowl Wins and Losses
Authors: Kloner Robert A. , McDonald Scott A. , Leeka Justin , Poole W. Kenneth 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundTotal and cardiac mortality rates in Los Angeles County, Califorina, increased after the 1980 Super Bowl loss (SBL), but there was an overall reduction in total mortality after the 1984 Super Bowl win (SBW).HypothesisWe hypothesized that age, sex, and race may have played a role in the Super Bowl related differences in death rates.MethodsWe compared mortality rates for SB‐related days with non‐SB control days assessing differences in demographics. We ran regression models predicting daily death rates per 100,000 including SB variable versus non‐SB control days for age, sex, race, and interactions for these covariates.ResultsAfter the SBL, daily death rates increased for both males and females. People aged ≥65 years had a larger absolute increase in all cause mortality during the SBL days compared with those aged <65 years, with significant interaction between age and SBL‐variable for all‐cause and cardiac‐related mortality. Whites and Hispanics had increased death rates on SBL days. There were trends suggesting less death in older patients and females associated with the SBW.ConclusionA SBL triggered increased deaths in both men and women and especially in older patients, whereas a SBW reduced death more in those aged ≥65 years and in women. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.