bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequities in naloxone administration among fatal overdose decedents by race and ethnicity in Pennsylvania, 2019–21
Authors: Takemoto Erin , Bolton Ashley , Goetz Carrie Thomas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to characterize the circumstances of drug overdose deaths and determine whether naloxone administration differed by overdose decedent race and ethnicity.Design and settingAnalysis of data on unintentional and undetermined intent drug overdose deaths in Pennsylvania (2019–21) was collected from death certificates and the State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for overdose death circumstances and the odds of naloxone administration were estimated by race/ethnicity and year.CasesThe analytical sample included 3386 fatal overdose decedents in 2019, 3864 in 2020 and 3816 in 2021.MeasurementsEvidence of naloxone administration (yes/no) was defined using scene evidence and toxicology reports from coroner and medical examiner records, while race/ethnicity (Hispanic, non‐Hispanic Black, non‐Hispanic White) was based on the death certificate.FindingsIn the analytic sample, overdose death rates were the highest among Black people and increased over time (rate per 10 000 population, 2019: 4.3; 2020: 6.1; 2021: 6.5); rates were lowest among White people and remained constant over time (rate per 10 000 population, 2019: 2.6; 2020: 2.7; 2021: 2.6). Throughout all years, Black decedents had approximately 40–50% lower odds of naloxone administration compared with White decedents as referent [2019: odds ratio (OR) = 0.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5–0.9; 2020: OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.4–0.7; 2021: OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.5–0.8], while Hispanic decedents had similar odds of naloxone administration to that of White decedents.ConclusionAfter controlling for overdose circumstances in drug overdose deaths in Pennsylvania, USA, from 2019 to 2021, Black people had lower odds of naloxone administration compared with White people, while there were no differences between Hispanic and White people.
Foveal thickness and its association with visual acuity in adults born preterm with very low birth weight: A two‐country birth cohort study
Authors: Jørgensen Anna P. M. , Kulmala Maarit , Austeng Dordi , Evensen Kari Anne I. , Kajantie Eero , Majander Anna , Morken Tora Sund 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeTo explore foveal and parafoveal thickness in adults born preterm with very low birth weight (VLBW) and its association with best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and gestational age (GA) compared to adults born at term.MethodsIn a joint study of the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults (Finland) and the NTNU Low Birth Weight Life study (Norway), 106 VLBW and 143 term‐born controls were examined with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography and BCVA at age 31–43 years. Thickness of retinal layers was segmented in the foveal and parafoveal areas of the macula.ResultsThe total retinal thickness in the foveal area was thicker in VLBW adults compared with controls; mean (SD): 292.5 μm (28.2) and 272.4 μm (20.2); p < 0.001, and thinner in the parafoveal areas of the macula. These findings could be explained by a thicker inner retinal layer in the foveal area found in VLBW adults compared with controls (mean difference 20.4 μm; CI: 15.0 to 25.9), where a thicker fovea was associated with lower GA, but not BCVA.ConclusionAdults born preterm with VLBW had a thicker retina in the foveal area than controls and this was associated with GA, but not with BCVA. These changes seem to be related to a thicker inner retinal layer in VLBW adults. The findings imply that signs of macular underdevelopment are still present in adulthood, but not necessarily related to reduced visual function.
Actual electrolyte intake during the first week of life and morbidity in very‐low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Mäkelä Pauliina M. , Immeli Lotta , Leskinen Markus , Rinta‐Koski Olli‐Pekka , Sund Reijo , Andersson Sture , Luukkainen Päivi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo describe sodium and potassium intake, their sources and plasma concentrations, and the association between intake and morbidity in very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW, <1500 g) infants during the first week of life.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study comprised 951 VLBW infants born at <32 weeks. Infants were divided into three groups according to gestational age: 23–26 (n = 275), 27–29 (n = 433) and 30–31 (n = 243) weeks. Data on fluid management and laboratory findings were acquired from an electronic patient information system.ResultsThe median sodium intake was highest in the 23–26 week group, peaking at 6.4 mmol/kg/day. A significant proportion of sodium derived from intravascular flushes; it reached 27% on day 1 in the 23–26 week group. High cumulative sodium intake in the first postnatal week was associated with weight gain from birth to day 8 in the 23–26 week group. High intake of sodium associated with an increased risk of surgically ligated patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), bronchopulmonary dysplasia and intraventricular haemorrhage, whereas low intake of potassium associated with an increased risk of PDA.ConclusionSodium intake in the most premature infants exceeded recommendations during the first postnatal week. Saline flushes accounted for a significant proportion of the sodium load.
Reframing acute kidney injury as a pathophysiological continuum of disrupted renal excretory function
Authors: Docherty Neil G. , Delles Christian , López‐Hernández Francisco J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSurrogate measures of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) continue to serve as pivotal determinants of the incidence, severity, and management of acute kidney injury (AKI), as well as the primary reference point underpinning knowledge of its pathophysiology. However, several clinically important deficits in aspects of renal excretory function during AKI other than GFR decline, including acid–base regulation, electrolyte and water balance, and urinary concentrating capacity, can evade detection when diagnostic criteria are built around purely GFR‐based assessments. The use of putative markers of tubular injury to detect “sub‐clinical” AKI has been proposed to expand the definition and diagnostic criteria for AKI, but their diagnostic performance is curtailed by ambiguity with respect to their biological meaning and context specificity. Efforts to devise new holistic assessments of overall renal functional compromise in AKI would foster the capacity to better personalize patient care by replacing biomarker threshold‐based diagnostic criteria with a shift to assessment of compromise along a pathophysiological continuum. The term AKI refers to a syndrome of sudden renal deterioration, the severity of which is classified by precise diagnostic criteria that have unquestionable utility in patient management as well as blatant limitations. Particularly, the absence of an explicit pathophysiological definition of AKI curtails further scientific development and clinical handling, entrapping the field within its present narrow GFR‐based view. A refreshed approach based on a more holistic consideration of renal functional impairment in AKI as the basis for a new diagnostic concept that reaches beyond the boundaries imposed by the current GFR threshold‐based classification of AKI, capturing broader aspects of pathogenesis, could enhance AKI prevention strategies and improve AKI patient outcome and prognosis.
On the nature of ceramics technology: from Empedocles to Dawkins
Authors: Heimann Robert B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis contribution discusses salient aspects of the development of ceramics technology from its invention to the present, and the role ceramics have played during the cultural development and technological progress of ancient and modern societies. The conjecture is being advanced that the transformation of ceramic production modes from holistic, that is, individualistic processes to prescriptive, that is, cooperative industrially determined technologies had a profound and lasting impact on the social, economic, and cultural fabric of all societies. In addition, the chaotic and thus, nondeterministic interaction of ceramic technology and society, and the transfer of information among potters will be described in terms of the concept of strange attractors as well as sets of self‐normalizing ‘memes’ (ideas) in a Lamarckian and/or Darwinian mode. Such specific ideas drive cultural and, by inference, technological evolution of societies.
Online discussion or authentic dialogue? How design affects discussions in two alternative types of online forums
Authors: Smith Glenn G. , Sherry Michael B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAuthentic dialogue demands that we respond, interpret and sometimes disagree with others' ideas—a key component of participation in a democratic society. Yet the sharing and uptake of different ideas can be hampered by traditional online platforms which divide students into isolated threads. To tackle this issue, we introduce two novel online forums designed to foster engagement and idea exchange: a linear chat, akin to SMS, and a collaborative writing forum we call CREW. Seventy‐three graduate students, divided into 18 small groups, tested these forums. We used discourse analysis to measure idea uptake and other dialogic features. From this analysis, seven discussions emerged as particularly interactive and engaging, exhibiting a high uptake‐to‐turn ratio. We noticed linear chat encouraged a high proportion of uptake, but also produced ‘tangles’—breaks in related post chains. CREW discussions sparked similar engagement but resolved most tangles since they required a collaborative written response. This study offers fresh insights in both research and teaching for improving online discussions.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

A vital practice for scholarly dialogue and democratic discourse is uptake: building on what others have written or said.
Instead of encouraging uptake of others' words and ideas, typical online discussions in Learning Management Systems (LMSs) can inadvertently isolate students in separate threads.
What this paper adds

We introduce and analyse two new, innovative types of online discussions that may encourage more uptake of others' words and ideas.
To eliminate isolation and encourage uptake, a linear chat forum makes all posts visible, but may produce interruptions, or ‘tangles’.
A forum that includes collaborative responsive writing requires participants to converge on a collective response, encouraging dialogue and overcoming tangles.
Implications for practice/policy

Teachers and other stakeholders might consider how discussion forum designs in LMSs can support or limit authentic dialogue.
Practitioners might consider how to incorporate deliberation about a shared focus into online discussions.
Instructors might avoid tangles by aligning assignment purposes with dialogic principles: posing authentic questions that invite multiple interpretations and require uptake of others' responses.
Prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia in pediatric heart transplant recipients
Authors: Newland David M. , Spencer Kathryn L. , Do Long D. , Knorr Lisa R. , Palmer Michelle M. , Albers Erin L. , Friedland‐Little Joshua M. , Hong Borah J. , Kemna Mariska S. , Hartje‐Dunn Christina , Mark Dominique G. , Nemeth Thomas L. , Ravi‐Johnson Sara , Law Yuk M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia in the setting of modern‐day maintenance immunosuppression in pediatric heart transplant (HTx) recipients is unclear. The primary aim was to determine the prevalence of iron deficiency (serum ferritin < 30 ng/mL ± transferrin saturation < 20%) and anemia per World Health Organization diagnostic criteria and associated risk factors.MethodsSingle‐center, cross‐sectional analysis of 200 consecutive pediatric HTx recipients (<21 years old) from 2005 to 2021. Data were collected at 1‐year post‐HTx at the time of annual protocol biopsy.ResultsMedian age at transplant was 3 years (IQR .5–12.2). The median ferritin level was 32 ng/mL with 46% having ferritin < 30 ng/mL. Median transferrin saturation (TSAT) was 22% with 47% having TSAT < 20%. Median hemoglobin was 11 g/dL with 54% having anemia. Multivariable analysis revealed lower absolute lymphocyte count, TSAT < 20%, and estimated glomerular filtration rate <75 mL/min/1.73 m2 were independently associated with anemia. Ferritin < 30 ng/mL in isolation was not associated with anemia. Ferritin < 30 ng/mL may aid in detecting absolute iron deficiency while TSAT < 20% may be useful in identifying patients with functional iron deficiency ± anemia in pediatric HTx recipients.ConclusionIron deficiency and anemia are highly prevalent in pediatric HTx recipients. Future studies are needed to assess the impact of iron deficiency, whether with or without anemia, on clinical outcomes in pediatric HTx recipients.
Impact of P‐gp inhibition on systemic exposure of pralsetinib and dosing considerations
Authors: Suchomel Julia , Agarwal Priya , Anders Doreen , Hughes Kevin , Tang Yang , Sane Rucha , Scalori Astrid , Sharma Sunil , Cheeti Sravanthi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA study to determine the impact of cyclosporine (Neoral), an inhibitor of P‐gp, on the pharmacokinetics of pralsetinib (trade name GAVRETO®) was conducted in 15 healthy adult volunteers. A single 200 mg dose of pralsetinib was administered orally alone and in combination with cyclosporine with a 9‐day washout between treatments. Co‐administration with cyclosporine resulted in a clinically relevant increase in pralsetinib maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞) with associated geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of 148% (109, 201) and 181% (136, 241), respectively. These findings provide insight into concomitant dosing of pralsetinib with inhibitors of P‐gp given the increases in pralsetinib exposure observed when administered with cyclosporine. Based on these results, co‐administration of pralsetinib with P‐gp inhibitors is not recommended. In the event that co‐administration cannot be avoided, it is recommended that the dose of pralsetinib be reduced.
The estimation and translation uncertainties in applying NOAEL to clinical dose escalation
Authors: Chen Chao , Lavezzi Silvia Maria , McDougall David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe systemic exposure at the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect‐level (NOAEL) estimated from animals is an important criterion commonly applied to guard the safety of participants in clinical trials of investigational drugs. However, the discrepancy in toxicity profile between species is widely recognized. The objective of the work reported here was to assess, via simulation, the level of uncertainty in the NOAEL estimated from an animal species and the effectiveness of applying its associated exposure value to minimizing the toxicity risk to human. Simulations were conducted for dose escalation of an investigational new chemical entity with hypothetical exposure‐response models for the dose‐limiting toxicity under a variety of conditions, in terms of between‐species relative sensitivity to the toxicity and the between‐subject variability in the key parameters determining the sensitivity and pharmacokinetics. Results show a high uncertainty in the NOAEL estimation. Notably, even when the animal species and humans are assumed to have the same sensitivity, which may not be realistic, limiting clinical dose to the exposure at the NOAEL that has been identified in the animals carries a high risk of either causing toxicity or under‐dosing, hence undermining the therapeutic potential of the drug candidate. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the mechanism of the toxicity profile and its cross‐species translatability, as well as the importance of understanding the dose requirement for achieving adequate pharmacology.
“Justification by Faith” and “Justification by Sincerity”: A comparative study of Martin Luther's theory of faith and ancient Chinese Emotionalism
Authors: Li Rui , Fang Weilin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMartin Luther's theory takes “justification by faith” as its main feature. Ancient Chinese Emotionalism is characterized by “justification by Sincerity.” Both of them emphasize the sincere spirit of the individual, but have different emphasis on the attitude of faith and emotion. Luther's theory and Ancient Chinese Emotionalism both have the characteristics of “returning to the individual” and respecting individual freedom, and show a certain spirit of resistance and innovation against the social establishment.
Association between blood Pentraxin‐3 concentrations and rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Di Lorenzo Biagio , Zoroddu Stefano , Mangoni Arduino A. , Sotgia Salvatore , Paliogiannis Panagiotis , Erre Gian Luca , Carru Ciriaco , Zinellu Angelo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmong the Pentraxins, the long Pentraxin‐3 (PTX‐3) is associated with several processes, particularly in the earliest phases of the innate humoral response. Increased blood PTX‐3 concentrations have been observed in a wide range of conditions, from infectious to cardiovascular disorders. Since its increase is more rapid than C‐reactive protein (CRP), PTX‐3 can be useful to detect and monitor early inflammation. To dissect its pathophysiological role in rheumatic diseases (RD), we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing blood PTX‐3 concentrations in RD patients and healthy individuals and investigating possible associations with clinical, demographic, and study characteristics.MethodsWe performed a search of published evidence until April 2024 in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus, which led to the selection of 60 relevant manuscripts from a total of 1072 records.ResultsOur synthesis revealed a statistically significant difference in PTX‐3 concentrations between RD patients and controls (standard mean difference, SMD = 1.02, 95% CI 0.77–1.26, p < .001), that correlated with CRP concentrations. The effect size was associated with geographical region of study conduction, RD type, with a reduction of the observed heterogeneity in patients with low LDL‐cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations.ConclusionsOur study has shown a significant increase in blood PTX‐3 concentrations in RD patients, which was associated with specific patient characteristics. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to better define the utility of measuring PTX‐3 in the early phase of RD. Our study was conducted in compliance with the PRISMA 2020 statement (study protocol available at PROSPERO CRD42024516600).
From high school to higher education: Is recreational marijuana a consumption amenity for US college students?
Authors: El Fatmaoui Ahmed 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines how recreational marijuana legalization (RML) affects first‐time college enrollment in the US using a unique college‐level dataset and various estimation methods such as difference‐in‐differences and event study. I find that RML increases enrollments by approximately up to 9%, without compromising degree completion or graduation rate, and it boosts college competitiveness by offering a positive amenity, as evidenced by the rise in out‐of‐state enrollments relative to neighboring states. In addition, I find no evidence that RML affects college prices, quality, or in‐state enrollment. This effect is stronger for non‐selective public colleges in early‐adopting RML states.
Pond area and availability safeguard amphibian genetic diversity across Iberia's largest protected wetland
Authors: Sánchez‐Montes Gregorio , Martínez‐Solano Íñigo , Díaz‐Paniagua Carmen , Martínez‐Gil Helena , Arntzen Jan W. , Gomez‐Mestre Ivan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Wetland ecosystems worldwide are threatened by habitat alteration, climate change and the introduction of invasive species, even within protected areas. Unravelling the reliance of sensitive wetland‐dwelling species, such as amphibians, on habitat characteristics is thus essential to identify conservation targets.

Here we assess the distribution of genetic diversity of two strongly aquatic amphibians (Pelophylax perezi and Pleurodeles waltl) in association with habitat features across the most extensive, protected wetland of the Iberian Peninsula: Doñana National Park.

Despite inhabiting a protected area free from anthropogenic barriers, the genetic diversity of P. perezi and P. waltl is not homogeneously distributed across the wetland, but instead concentrates in core areas, mainly in the northern zone. Both genetic diversity and connectivity (as opposed to genetic differentiation) showed significant positive associations with the area of the breeding sites and the flooded area surrounding the breeding sites within the dispersal potential of either species, that is nearby pond availability.

Large water bodies connected to abundant temporary ponds are key for the maintenance of amphibian genetic diversity. Nevertheless, the core populations of our target species, which show markedly aquatic habits, are concentrated in areas colonised by invasive species, which could compromise their long‐term viability.

Our results highlight that maintaining widely connected arrays of ponds of different hydroperiods, including large breeding sites free from invasive predators and competitors, is paramount for amphibian conservation in Mediterranean wetlands.
High‐modulus glass fiber for wind renewable energy generation: Selective review on the recent research and development
Authors: Li Hong , Demirok Gülin , Atilgan Semin , Vennam Sandeep , Charpentier Thibault 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo effectively manage turbine blade weight and blade deflection under severe weather conditions, longer and stiffer blades are required, fiber glass producers have devoted significant efforts to developing and commercializing high‐modulus (HM) glass fiber products of the first generation. The current focuses aim at the commercialization of the second generation and the development of the third‐generation products. This article briefly reviews four key areas: (a) the benefit of longer blades on wind energy generation, (b) characteristics of HM glass fibers of various generations, (c) fundamental science and understanding behind HM glass fiber development, and (d) finally statistically based composition (C)–property (P) and structure (S)–property (P) modeling approaches in new glass design.
Measuring language teacher resilience: Scale development and validation
Authors: Liu Honggang , Chu Wenxiu , Duan Siyu , Li Xiaoxue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile teacher resilience, as a multidimensional construct, has been increasingly focused in recent years, there is still a dearth of exploration into the inner structure of resilience with a highlight of characteristics of language teachers. To fill this gap, the current study developed a language teacher resilience scale and assessed it among 3992 Chinese high school English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the acceptable fit of the 22‐item EFL teacher resilience scale and yielded a four‐factorial structure of EFL teacher resilience involving professional, emotional, social, and cultural dimensions. Cultural dimension is newly developed and mirrors the specific features of language teacher resilience. Based on the findings, implications are provided for future research on language teacher resilience.