bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C60‐doping of nanostructured Bi–Sb–Te thermoelectrics
Authors: Popov Mikhail , Buga Sergei , Vysikaylo Philipp , Stepanov Petr , Skok Vasilii , Medvedev Viacheslav , Tatyanin Evgeny , Denisov Viktor , Kirichenko Alexei , Aksenenkov Viktor , Blank Vladimir 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNew bulk nanocomposite thermoelectric materials composed from nanocrystallites of Bi–Sb–Te alloys covered by C60 molecules have been synthesized and studied. The fullerene molecules provide thermal phonons blocking and particular charge transfer in the nanocomposite. The molecules act as electron traps, and thus decrease the density of free electrons in n‐type semiconductor and generate holes in p‐type materials. The capture of electrons is not accompanied by shifts of the Raman bands in C60 spectra. The density of free charge carriers and their Hall mobility change nonmonotonically with the increase of fullerene content in Bi–Sb–Te–C60 nanocomposites. The maximum value of thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = 1.15 was obtained in p‐type nanocomposite that is 30% higher than in the undoped starting material. The observed phenomenon provides new ways for transport properties optimization of thermoelectric materials and thermoelectric devices efficiency increase.
Slow de‐trapping of minority holes in n‐type 4H‐SiC epilayers
Authors: Klein P. B. , Shrivastava A. , Sudarshan T. S. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe carrier lifetime in epilayers of n‐type 4H‐SiC with low concentrations of the Z1/2 lifetime killer has been investigated over a wide range of temperature under low injection conditions. It was found that in addition to the primary initial decay dominated by surface recombination (SR), as determined by previous work, in some samples a slow decay component is observed, exhibiting a thermally activated recombination rate. Such a slow tail on the carrier decay can be of concern in high voltage switching devices. The slow decay was well accounted for by the thermal emission of minority carriers trapped on a defect. The resulting analysis has determined that the responsible trap is located ≈Ev + (0.37–0.58) eV with relatively small capture cross‐sections for both electrons and holes: σp ≈ (0.5–12) × 10−17 cm2; σn < (0.3–8) × 10−18 cm2. Comparing these characteristics with reports in the literature for as‐grown materials, the most likely candidates for the responsible defects are the D‐ and/or i‐centers, which have similar ionization energies and capture cross‐sections.
Growth and characterization of nitride‐based distributed Bragg reflectors
Authors: Kruse Carsten , Dartsch Heiko , Aschenbrenner Timo , Figge Stephan , Hommel Detlef 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe report on a systematic study concerning the realization of nitride‐based distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) for opto‐electronic applications in the near‐UV to visible spectral range. Different material combinations are used in order to find an optimized trade‐off concerning peak reflectivity, stop band width, and strain state of the Bragg mirrors. For the high refractive index material GaN is used in all cases, while for the low index material a layer of either AlGaN or AlInN, respectively, or a AlN/(In)GaN short‐period superlattice (SL) is employed. The best peak reflectivity of 97% at a wavelength of 495 nm is achieved for a lattice matched Bragg reflector based on the GaN/AlInN material combination. magnified imageTransmission electron microscopy image of a 30‐fold distributed Bragg reflector consisting of AlInN (dark) and GaN (bright) layers.
Investigations into the Antiadhesive Activity of Herbal Extracts Against Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Bensch K. , Tiralongo J. , Schmidt K. , Matthias A. , Bone K. M. , Lehmann R. , Tiralongo E. 
Published: July 2011

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea in the industrialized world, being associated with the occurrence of Guillain‐Barré Syndrome, and inducing diseases partially through intestinal adherence. With increasing reports of C. jejuni drug resistance against standard antibiotics, investigations into antiadhesive agents for the prevention of bacterial infection are highly significant. Given the consumer‐driven development towards holistic and integrative healthcare, research into additional anti‐Campylobacter effects of herbal medicines that are already used for their beneficial effects on bowel and digestive functions is important.Twenty‐one herbal extracts were screened for antiadhesive activity against C. jejuni using modifications of previously published antiadhesion assays. Antiadhesion effects with IC50 values <3 mg/mL were obtained for seven ethanol plant extracts, with Zingiber officinale (ginger), Capsicum annum (cayenne) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) displaying the highest antiadhesion activity against C. jejuni (IC50: <0.1 mg/mL, 0.29 mg/mL and 0.65 mg/mL, respectively). Differences in antiadhesion activity were found for two different Echinacea species, with E. purpurea displaying significantly higher and dose dependent antiadhesion activity than E. angustifolia. No significant antiadhesion activity (IC50 values >35 mg/mL) was found for Agrimonia eupatoria (agrimony), Andrographis paniculata (andrographis), Matricaria recutita (chamomile), Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), Filipendula ulmaria (meadowsweet) and Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) extracts.This study provides evidence for additional beneficial effects of marketed herbal medicines in gastrointestinal disorders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
gain bounds for systems with sector bounded and slope‐restricted nonlinearities
Authors: Turner Matthew C. , Kerr Murray L. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a new method for calculating a bound on the gain of a system comprising a linear time invariant part and a static nonlinear part, which is odd, bounded, zero at zero and has a restriction on its slope. The nonlinear part is also assumed to be sector bounded, with the sector bound being (possibly) different from that implied by the slope restriction. The computation of the gain bound is found by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities, which arise from an integral quadratic constraint formulation of a multiplier problem involving both Zames‐Falb and Popov multipliers. Examples illustrate the effectiveness of the results, and comparisons are made against the state‐of‐the‐art. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helium ion microscopy of Lepidoptera scales
Authors: Boden Stuart A. , Asadollahbaik Asa , Rutt Harvey N. , Bagnall Darren M. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryIn this report, helium ion microscopy (HIM) is used to study the micro and nanostructures responsible for structural color in the wings of two species of Lepidotera from the Papilionidae family: Papilio ulysses (Blue Mountain Butterfly) and Parides sesostris (Emerald‐patched Cattleheart). Electronic charging of uncoated scales from the wings of these butterflies, due to the incident ion beam, is successfully neutralized, leading to images displaying a large depth‐of‐field and a high level of surface detail, which would normally be obscured by traditional coating methods used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The images are compared with those from variable pressure SEM, demonstrating the superiority of HIM at high magnifications. In addition, the large depth‐of‐field capabilities of HIM are exploited through the creation of stereo pairs that allows the exploration of the third dimension. Furthermore, the extraction of quantitative height information which matches well with cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy measurements from the literature is demonstrated. SCANNING 33: 107–120, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Easy Fabrication of Electrically Insulating Nanogaps by Transfer Printing
Authors: Fakhr Omar , Altpeter Philipp , Karrai Khaled , Lugli Paolo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn easy and cost‐effective method to reproducibly fabricate nanogaps over a large area is introduced. Gold is evaporated on low‐aspect‐ratio polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps at an angle of 60°. Afterwards, the stamp is brought into contact with a silicon/silicon dioxide substrate and subsequently peeled at rates varying from 1 to 3 mm s−1, resulting in the fabrication of nanogaps between two gold electrodes. The fabrication of insulating nanogaps with a width down to 50 nm is demonstrated.
Evolving fuzzy systems for data streams: a survey
Authors: Baruah Rashmi Dutta , Angelov Plamen 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEvolving fuzzy systems (EFSs) can be regarded as intelligent systems based on fuzzy rule‐based or neuro‐fuzzy models with the ability to learn continuously and to gradually develop with the objective of enhancing their performance. Such systems learn in online mode by analyzing incoming samples, and adjusting both structure and parameters. The objective of this chapter is to present a brief overview of some early as well as recent EFSs by focusing on their architecture, design algorithms along with the merits and demerits, and various applications. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 461–476 DOI: 10.1002/widm.42This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Computational Intelligence
mRNA export and cancer
Authors: Siddiqui Nadeem , Borden Katherine L. B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractStudies in the past several years highlight important features of the messenger RNA (mRNA) export process. For instance, groups of mRNAs acting in the same biochemical processes can be retained or exported in a coordinated manner thereby impacting on specific biochemistries and ultimately on cell physiology. mRNAs can be transported by either bulk export pathways involving NXF1/TAP or more specialized pathways involving chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1). Studies on primary tumor specimens indicate that many common and specialized mRNA export factors are dysregulated in cancer including CRM1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), HuR, nucleoporin 88, REF/Aly, and THO. This positions these pathways as potential therapeutic targets. Recently, specific targeting of the eIF4E‐dependent mRNA export pathway in a phase II proof‐of‐principle trial with ribavirin led to impaired eIF4E‐dependent mRNA export correlating with clinical responses including remissions in leukemia patients. Here, we provide an overview of these mRNA export pathways and highlight their relationship to cancer. WIREs RNA 2012, 3:13–25. doi: 10.1002/wrna.101This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Reaktionen von 1,3‐Diphenyltriazenid mit Cu+ und Tl+
Authors: Lego Christian , Neumüller Bernhard 
Published: July 2011

Abstract1,3‐Diphenyltriazene (1) was treated with sodium in ethanol to obtain the salt Na(1,3‐Ph2N3) (2). Compound 2 reacts with 15‐crown‐5 in EtOH to the crown ether complex [Na(15‐crown‐5)(1,3‐Ph2N3)]·0.5EtOH (3·0.5EtOH). In addition 2 was added to ethanol solutions of CuI and TlI salts to yield the multinuclear complexes [Cu4(1,3‐Ph2N3)4] (4) and [{Tl(Ph2N3)}2]4.[Tl4(1,3‐Ph2N3)2(OEt)2] (5), respectively. Compounds 3–5 were characterized by IR and RE spectroscopy as well as X‐ray structure analyses. The starting compound 1 crystallized as twins. Therefore, the crystal structure of 1 was reinvestigated. According to this, 1 forms infinite chains by hydrogen bonding along [010].
Preliminary Examination of a Cartoon‐Based Hostile Attributional Bias Measure for Urban African American Boys
Authors: Leff Stephen S. , Lefler Elizabeth K. , Khera Gagan S. , Paskewich Brooke , Jawad Abbas F. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe current study illustrates how researchers developed and validated a cartoon‐based adaptation of a written hostile attributional bias measure for a sample of urban, low‐income, African American boys. A series of studies were conducted to develop cartoon illustrations to accompany a standard written hostile attributional bias vignette measure (Study 1), to determine initial psychometric properties (Study 2) and acceptability (Study 3), and to conduct a test–retest reliability trial of the adapted measure in a separate sample (Study 4). These studies utilize a participatory action research approach to measurement design and adaptation, and suggest that collaborations between researchers and key school stakeholders can lead to measures that are psychometrically strong, developmentally appropriate, and culturally sensitive. In addition, the cartoon‐based hostile attributional bias measure appears to have promise as an assessment and/or outcome measure for aggression and bullying prevention programs conducted with urban African American boys.
Chronic arsenic toxicity: Studies in West Bengal, India
Authors: Guha Mazumder Debendranath , Dasgupta U.B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractChronic arsenic toxicity (arsenicosis) as a result of drinking arsenic‐contaminated groundwater is a major environmental health hazard throughout the world, including India. A lot of research on health effects, including genotoxic effect of chronic arsenic toxicity in humans, have been carried out in West Bengal during the last 2 decades. A review of literature including information available from West Bengal has been made to characterize the problem. Scientific journals, monographs, and proceedings of conferences with regard to human health effects, including genotoxicity, of chronic arsenic toxicity have been reviewed. Pigmentation and keratosis are the specific skin diseases characteristic of chronic arsenic toxicity. However, in West Bengal, it was found to produce various systemic manifestations, such as chronic lung disease, characterized by chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive and/or restrictive pulmonary disease, and bronchiectasis; liver diseases, such as non cirrhotic portal fibrosis; polyneuropathy; peripheral vascular disease; hypertension; nonpitting edema of feet/hands; conjunctival congestion; weakness; and anemia. High concentrations of arsenic, greater than or equal to 200 μg/L, during pregnancy were found to be associated with a sixfold increased risk for stillbirth. Cancers of skin, lung, and urinary bladder are the important cancers associated with this toxicity. Of the various genotoxic effects of arsenic in humans, chromosomal aberration and increased frequency of micronuclei in different cell types have been found to be significant. Various probable mechanisms have been incriminated to cause DNA damage because of chronic arsenic toxicity. The results of the study in West Bengal suggest that deficiency in DNA repair capacity, perturbation of methylation of promoter region of p53 and p16 genes, and genomic methylation alteration may be involved in arsenic‐induced disease manifestation in humans. P53 polymorphism has been found to be associated with increased occurrence of arsenic‐induced keratosis. Of the various genes involved in the regulation of arsenic metabolism, single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, in one study, showed increased occurrence of arsenicosis.
Risk factors for the leakage of chemotherapeutic agents into systemic circulation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Yen , Lin Zu‐Yau , Chen Su‐Hwei , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis prospective study was to investigate the possible risk factors for the leakage of chemotherapeutic agent into the systemic circulation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Peripheral plasma concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents were determined at 1 hour and 72 hours after TACE by high‐performance liquid chromatography in 53 patients. HCC were divided into three types namely single nodule (<5 cm), multiple nodules (all <5 cm), and main nodule measuring 5 cm or more. Forty‐four patients (83%) showed detectable chemotherapeutic concentrations within 72 hours after TACE. Patients with single nodular‐type HCC had lower incidence of detectable plasma chemotherapeutic agents after TACE than the other two groups (all p < 0.05). The injected doses of lipiodol, epirubicin, and mitomycin C were lower in patients without detection than in patients with detectable chemotherapeutic agents (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that tumor type and injected dose of lipiodol were two independent risk factors for the leakage of mitomycin C at 1 hour after TACE (all p < 0.05), and the injected dose of mitomycin C was the risk factor for the leakage of epirubicin at 1 hour after TACE (p < 0.05). In conclusion, multiple nodular type and large nodule measuring 5 cm or more have a risk of leakage of mitomycin C after TACE. Injected dose of lipiodol and mitomycin C as risk factor for the leakage of mitomycin C and epirubicin respectively may be because of competition of their injected volume within the limited space of target.
Complicated Candida parapsilosis peritonitis on peritoneal dialysis in a neonate with renal failure because of bilateral adrenal abscesses
Authors: Cheng I. , Chen Yi‐Lin , Lin Cheng‐Hui , Jow Guey‐Mei , Mu Shu‐Chi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present a full‐term female infant with a difficult delivery course complicated with Escherichia coli sepsis and bilateral adrenal abscesses. She developed renal failure and received peritoneal dialysis. Peritonitis of Candida parapsilosis developed later. The infant was successfully treated with hemofiltration and a combination of antifungal agents.
Studies with low micromolar levels of ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid fail to unravel a preferential route for vitamin C uptake and accumulation in U937 cells
Authors: Azzolini Catia , Fiorani Mara , Guidarelli Andrea , Cantoni Orazio 
Published: July 2011

Mammalian cells accumulate vitamin C either as ascorbic acid (AA), via Na+–AA co-transport, or dehydroascorbic acid (DHA, the oxidation product of AA), via facilitative hexose transport. As the latter, unlike the former, is a high-capacity transport mechanism, cultured cells normally accumulate greater levels of vitamin C when exposed to increasing concentrations of DHA as compared with AA. We report herein similar results using the U937 cell clone used in our laboratory only under conditions in which DHA and AA are used at concentrations greater than 50–60 μm. Below 60 μm, i.e. at levels in which AA is normally found in most biological fluids, AA and DHA are in fact taken up with identical rates and kinetics. Consequently, extracellular oxidation of AA switches the mode of uptake with hardly any effect on the net amount of vitamin C accumulated. As a final note, under these conditions, neither AA nor DHA causes detectable toxicity or any change in the redox status of the cells, as assessed by the reduced glutathione/reduced pyridine nucleotide pool. These findings therefore imply that some cell types do not have a preferential route for vitamin C accumulation, and that the uptake mechanism is uniquely dependent on the extracellular availability of AAv. DHA.
Prolonged high iodine intake is associated with inhibition of type 2 deiodinase activity in pituitary and elevation of serum thyrotropin levels
Authors: Li Ningna , Jiang Yaqiu , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping 
Published: July 2011

Our previous epidemiological study indicated that excessive intake of iodine could potentially lead to hypothyroidism. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the time and dose effect of iodine intake on serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) levels and to explore the non-autoimmune regulation of serum TSH by pituitary type 2 deiodinase (D2). A total of 360 Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups depending on administered iodine dosages (folds of physiological dose): normal iodine (NI), 3-fold iodine (3HI), 6-fold iodine (6HI), 10-fold iodine (10HI) and 50-fold iodine (50HI). At 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after administration of sodium iodide, blood was collected for serum TSH measurement by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Pituitaries were also excised for measurement of TSHβ subunit expression, D2 expression and activity, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) and thyroid hormone receptor β2 isoform (TRβ2) levels. The results showed that iodine intake of 10HI and 50HI significantly increased pituitary and serum TSH levels from 8 to 24 weeks (P < 0·05v.NI). Excess iodine had no effect on D2 mRNA or protein expression; however, 10HI and 50HI administration significantly inhibited pituitary D2 activities from 8 to 24 weeks (P < 0·05v.NI). Iodine had no effect on MCT8 or TRβ2 protein levels. We conclude that prolonged high iodine intake inhibits pituitary D2 activity and induces elevation of serum TSH levels. These findings may provide a potential mechanism of iodine excess-induced overt and subclinical hypothyroidism.
Dietary reporting errors on 24 h recalls and dietary questionnaires are associated with BMI across six European countries as evaluated with recovery biomarkers for protein and potassium intake
Authors: Freisling Heinz , van Bakel Marit M. E. , Biessy Carine , May Anne M. , Byrnes Graham , Norat Teresa , Rinaldi Sabina , Santucci de Magistris Maria , Grioni Sara , Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita H. , Ocké Marga C. , Kaaks Rudolf , Teucher Birgit , Vergnaud Anne-Claire , Romaguera Dora , Sacerdote Carlotta , Palli Domenico , Crowe Francesca L. , Tumino Rosario , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nicholas J. , Trichopoulou Antonia , Naska Androniki , Orfanos Philippos , Boeing Heiner , Illner Anne-Kathrin , Riboli Elio , Peeters Petra H. , Slimani Nadia 
Published: July 2011

Whether there are differences between countries in the validity of self-reported diet in relation to BMI, as evaluated using recovery biomarkers, is not well understood. We aimed to evaluate BMI-related reporting errors on 24 h dietary recalls (24-HDR) and on dietary questionnaires (DQ) using biomarkers for protein and K intake and whether the BMI effect differs between six European countries. Between 1995 and 1999, 1086 men and women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition completed a single 24-HDR, a DQ and one 24 h urine collection. In regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, education and country, each unit (1 kg/m2) increase in BMI predicted an approximately 1·7 and 1·3 % increase in protein under-reporting on 24-HDR and DQ, respectively (both P < 0·0001). Exclusion of individuals who probably misreported energy intake attenuated BMI-related bias on both instruments. The BMI effect on protein under-reporting did not differ for men and women and neither between countries on both instruments as tested by interaction (all P>0·15). In women, but not in men, the DQ yielded higher mean intakes of protein that were closer to the biomarker-based measurements across BMI groups when compared with 24-HDR. Results for K were similar to those of protein, although BMI-related under-reporting of K was of a smaller magnitude, suggesting differential misreporting of foods. Under-reporting of protein and K appears to be predicted by BMI, but this effect may be driven by ‘low-energy reporters’. The BMI effect on under-reporting seems to be the same across countries.