bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health and Well-Being Among Home Health Aides
Authors: Yanez Hernandez Melissa , Kuo Elizabeth Fong-Chy , Henriquez Taveras Yefrenia , Lee Ann , Ramos Aida , Ringel Joanna , Andreae Susan , Tsui Emma , Safford Monika M. , Avgar Ariel C. , Shen Megan J. , Dell Nicola , Shalev Daniel , Riffin Catherine , Wiggins Faith , Kozlov Elissa , Moise Nathalie , Sterling Madeline R. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceHome health aides and attendants (HHAs) provide essential care to older adults and those with chronic conditions in the home. However, some HHAs struggle with poor mood and stress, which may have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo elicit HHAs’ perspectives toward mental health and well-being, including how their job influences both and how to better support the workforce in the future.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFor this qualitative study, focus groups and interviews with HHAs were facilitated in English and Spanish from August 17, 2022, to February 9, 2023, in partnership with the 1199SEIU Training and Employment Fund, a benefit fund of the 1199SEIU United Healthcare Workers East and the largest health care union in the US. Included were HHAs at risk for poor mental health and well-being, which were defined as having at least mild or more symptoms on either the 8-item Personal Health Questionnaire depression scale, the 4-item Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, or the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale.ExposureMental health and well-being of HHAs.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFocus groups and interviews were audio recorded, professionally transcribed, and translated. A thematic analysis was performed that was informed by Pender’s Health Promotion Model and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health’s Total Worker Health model.ResultsA total of 28 HHAs from 14 different agencies participated (mean [SD] age, 54.3 [10.8] years; 26 female [93%]). Seventeen participants (61%) spoke Spanish at home. Five key themes emerged: (1) HHAs’ attitudes toward mental health and well-being were influenced by a variety of personal and cultural factors; (2) HHAs’ relationships with their patients impacted their mood in both positive and negative ways; (3) structural and organizational aspects of the job, alongside the COVID-19 pandemic, impacted HHAs’ mood and stress levels; (4) HHAs used a variety of strategies to cope with their emotions; and (5) HHAs were eager for interventions that can improve their mood, particularly those that bring them closer to their colleagues.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that HHAs’ mental health and well-being may be influenced by both personal and occupational factors. Interventions and policies to better support their emotional well-being on the job are warranted.
Grooved Microneedle Patch Augments Adoptive T Cell Therapy Against Solid Tumors via Diverting Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Zhou Ruyi , Yu Hao , Sheng Tao , Wu Yingke , Chen Yingxin , You Jiahuan , Yang Yinxian , Luo Bowen , Zhao Sheng , Zheng Yi , Li Hongjun , Zhang Yuqi , Guo Yugang , Gu Zhen , Yu Jicheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) for the treatment of solid tumors remains challenging. In addition to the poor infiltration of effector T (Teff) cells limited by the physical barrier surrounding the solid tumor, another major obstacle is the extensive infiltration of regulatory T (Treg) cells, a major immunosuppressive immune cell subset, in the tumor microenvironment. Here, this work develops a grooved microneedle patch for augmenting ACT, aiming to simultaneously overcome physical and immunosuppressive barriers. The microneedles are engineered through an ice‐templated method to generate the grooved structure for sufficient T‐cell loading. In addition, with the surface modification of chemokine CCL22, the MNs could not only directly deliver tumor‐specific T cells into solid tumors through physical penetration, but also specifically divert Treg cells from the tumor microenvironment to the surface of the microneedles via a cytokine concentration gradient, leading to an increase in the ratio of Teff cells/Treg cells in a mouse melanoma model. Consequently, this local delivery strategy of both T cell receptor T cells and chimeric antigen receptor T cells via the CCL22‐modified grooved microneedles as a local niche could significantly enhance the antitumor efficacy and reduce the on‐target off‐tumor toxicity of ACT.
Direct Electroplating Ruthenium Precursor on the Surface Oxidized Nickel Foam for Efficient and Stable Bifunctional Alkaline Water Electrolysis
Authors: Li Changqing , Kim Bumseop , Li Zhongping , Thapa Ranjit , Zhang Yifan , Seo Jeong‐Min , Guan Runnan , Tang Feng , Baek Jae‐Hoon , Kim Young Hyun , Jeon Jong‐Pil , Park Noejung , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWater electrolysis to produce hydrogen (H2) using renewable energy is one of the most promising candidates for realizing carbon neutrality, but its reaction kinetics is hindered by sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Ruthenium (Ru) in its high‐valence state (oxide) provides one of the most active OER sites and is less costly, but thermodynamically unstable. The strong interaction between Ru nanoparticles (NPs) and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) is leveraged to directly form Ru–Ni(OH)2 on the surface of a porous nickel foam (NF) electrode via spontaneous galvanic replacement reaction. The formation of Ru─O─Ni bonds at the interface of the Ru NPs and Ni(OH)2 (Ru–Ni(OH)2) on the surface oxidized NF significantly enhance stability of the Ru–Ni(OH)2/NF electrode. In addition to OER, the catalyst is active enough for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As a result, it is able to deliver overpotentials of 228 and 15 mV to reach 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER, respectively. An industry‐scale evaluation using Ru–Ni(OH)2/NF as both OER and HER electrodes demonstrates a high current density of 1500 mA cm−2 (OER: 410 mV; HER: 240 mV), surpassing commercial RuO2 (OER: 600 mV) and Pt/C based performance (HER: 265 mV).
Needle‐Like Multifunctional Biphasic Microfiber for Minimally Invasive Implantable Bioelectronics
Authors: Nam Seonghyeon , Cha Gi Doo , Sunwoo Sung‐Hyuk , Jeong Jae Hwan , Kang Hyejeong , Park Ok Kyu , Lee Kyeong‐Yeon , Oh Seil , Hyeon Taeghwan , Choi Seung Hong , Lee Seung‐Pyo , Kim Dae‐Hyeong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImplantable bioelectronics has attracted significant attention in electroceuticals and clinical medicine for precise diagnosis and efficient treatment of target diseases. However, conventional rigid implantable devices face challenges such as poor tissue‐device interface and unavoidable tissue damage during surgical implantation. Despite continuous efforts to utilize various soft materials to address such issues, their practical applications remain limited. Here, a needle‐like stretchable microfiber composed of a phase‐convertible liquid metal (LM) core and a multifunctional nanocomposite shell for minimally invasive soft bioelectronics is reported. The sharp tapered microfiber can be stiffened by freezing akin to a conventional needle to penetrate soft tissue with minimal incision. Once implanted in vivo where the LM melts, unlike conventional stiff needles, it regains soft mechanical properties, which facilitate a seamless tissue‐device interface. The nanocomposite incorporating with functional nanomaterials exhibits both low impedance and the ability to detect physiological pH, providing biosensing and stimulation capabilities. The fluidic LM embedded in the nanocomposite shell enables high stretchability and strain‐insensitive electrical properties. This multifunctional biphasic microfiber conforms to the surfaces of the stomach, muscle, and heart, offering a promising approach for electrophysiological recording, pH sensing, electrical stimulation, and radiofrequency ablation in vivo.
Beyond Lipids: Exploring Advances in Polymeric Gene Delivery in the Lipid Nanoparticles Era
Authors: Jogdeo Chinmay M. , Siddhanta Kasturi , Das Ashish , Ding Ling , Panja Sudipta , Kumari Neha , Oupický David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe recent success of gene therapy during the COVID‐19 pandemic has underscored the importance of effective and safe delivery systems. Complementing lipid‐based delivery systems, polymers present a promising alternative for gene delivery. Significant advances have been made in the recent past, with multiple clinical trials progressing beyond phase I and several companies actively working on polymeric delivery systems which provides assurance that polymeric carriers can soon achieve clinical translation. The massive advantage of structural tunability and vast chemical space of polymers is being actively leveraged to mitigate shortcomings of traditional polycationic polymers and improve the translatability of delivery systems. Tailored polymeric approaches for diverse nucleic acids and for specific subcellular targets are now being designed to improve therapeutic efficacy. This review describes the recent advances in polymer design for improved gene delivery by polyplexes and covalent polymer‐nucleic acid conjugates. The review also offers a brief note on novel computational techniques for improved polymer design. The review concludes with an overview of the current state of polymeric gene therapies in the clinic as well as future directions on their translation to the clinic.
Super Hydrous Solvated Structure of Chaotropic Ca2+ Contributes Superior Anti‐Freezing Aqueous Electrolytes and Stabilizes the Zn anode
Authors: Shi Mengyao , Sun Tianjiang , Zhang Weijia , Nian Qingshun , Sun Qiong , Cheng Min , Liang Jing , Tao Zhanliang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe further development of aqueous zinc (Zn)‐ion batteries (AZIBs) is constrained by the high freezing points and the instability on Zn anodes. Current improvement strategies mainly focus on regulating hydrogen bond (HB) donors (H) of solvent water to disrupt HBs, while neglecting the environment of HB‐acceptors (O). Herein, we propose a mechanism of chaotropic cation‐regulated HB‐acceptor via a “super hydrous solvated” structure. Chaotropic Ca2+ can form a solvated structure via competitively binding O atoms in H2O, effectively breaking the HBs among H2O molecules, thereby reducing the glass transition temperature of hybrid 1 mol L−1 (M) ZnCl2+4 M CaCl2 electrolyte (−113.2 °C). Meanwhile, the high hydratability of Ca2+ contributes to the water‐poor solvated structure of Zn2+, suppressing side reactions and uneven Zn deposition. Benefiting from the anti‐freezing electrolyte and high reversible Zn anode, the Zn||Pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone (PTO) batteries deliver an ultrahigh capacity of 183.9 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 over 1600‐time stable cycling at −60 °C. This work presents a cheap and efficient aqueous electrolyte to simultaneously improve low‐temperature performances and Zn stability, broadening the design concepts for antifreeze electrolytes.
Brain functional specialization and cooperation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wu Yue , Gao Manman , Lv Lingling , Yan Yibing , Gao Liying , Geng Zhi , Zhou Shanshan , Zhu Wanqiu , Yu Yongqiang , Tian Yanghua , Ji Gong‐Jun , Hu Panpan , Wu Xingqi , Wang Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCerebral specialization and interhemispheric cooperation are two vital features of the human brain. Their dysfunction may be associated with disease progression in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is featured as progressive cognitive degeneration and asymmetric neuropathology.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine and define two inherent properties of hemispheric function in patients with AD by utilizing resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI).MethodsSixty‐four clinically diagnosed AD patients and 52 age‐ and sex‐matched cognitively normal subjects were recruited and underwent MRI and clinical evaluation. We calculated and compared brain specialization (autonomy index, AI) and interhemispheric cooperation (connectivity between functionally homotopic voxels, CFH).ResultsIn comparison to healthy controls, patients with AD exhibited enhanced AI in the left middle occipital gyrus. This increase in specialization can be attributed to reduced functional connectivity in the contralateral region, such as the right temporal lobe. The CFH of the bilateral precuneus and prefrontal areas was significantly decreased in AD patients compared to controls. Imaging‐cognitive correlation analysis indicated that the CFH of the right prefrontal cortex was marginally positively related to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score in patients and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test score. Moreover, taking abnormal AI and CFH values as features, support vector machine‐based classification achieved good accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve by leave‐one‐out cross‐validation.ConclusionThis study suggests that individuals with AD have abnormal cerebral specialization and interhemispheric cooperation. This provides new insights for further elucidation of the pathological mechanisms of AD.
Exposure of benzo[a]pyrene induces HCC exosome‐circular RNA to activate lung fibroblasts and trigger organotropic metastasis
Authors: Mu Wei , Gu Pengfei , Li Huating , Zhou Jinjin , Jian Yulun , Jia Weiping , Ge Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundBenzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a carcinogen pollutant produced by combustion processes, is present in the western diet with grilled meats. Chronic exposure of B[a]P in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells promotes metastasis rather than primary proliferation, implying an unknown mechanism of B[a]P‐induced malignancy. Given that exosomes carry bioactive molecules to distant sites, we investigated whether and how exosomes mediate cancer‐stroma communications for a toxicologically associated microenvironment.MethodExosomes were isolated from B[a]P stimulated BEL7404 HCC cells (7404‐100Bap Exo) at an environmental relevant dose (100 nmol/L). Lung pre‐education animal model was prepared via injection of exosomes and cytokines. The inflammatory genes of educated lungs were evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription PCR array. HCC LM3 cells transfected with firefly luciferase were next injected to monitor tumor burdens and organotropic metastasis. Profile of B[a]P‐exposed exosomes were determined by ceRNA microarray. Interactions between circular RNA (circRNA) and microRNAs (miRNAs) were detected using RNA pull‐down in target lung fibroblasts. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and RNA immunoprecipitation assay was used to evaluate the “on‐off” interaction of circRNA‐miRNA pairs. We further developed an adeno‐associated virus inhalation model to examine mRNA expression specific in lung, thereby exploring the mRNA targets of B[a]P induced circRNA‐miRNA cascade.ResultsLung fibroblasts exert activation phenotypes, including focal adhesion and motility were altered by 7404‐100Bap Exo. In the exosome‐educated in vivo model, fibrosis factors and pro‐inflammatory molecules of are up‐regulated when injected with exosomes. Compared to non‐exposed 7404 cells, circ_0011496 was up‐regulated following B[a]P treatment and was mainly packaged into 7404‐100Bap Exo. Exosomal circ_0011496 were delivered and competitively bound to miR‐486‐5p in recipient fibroblasts. The down‐regulation of miR‐486‐5p converted fibroblast to cancer‐associated fibroblast via regulating the downstream of Twinfilin‐1 (TWF1) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9) cascade. Additionally, increased TWF1, specifically in exosomal circ_0011496 educated lungs, could promote cancer‐stroma crosstalk via activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These modulated fibroblasts promoted endothelial cells angiogenesis and recruited primary HCC cells invasion, as a consequence of a pre‐metastatic niche formation.ConclusionWe demonstrated that B[a]P‐induced tumor exosomes can deliver circ_0011496 to activate miR‐486‐5p/TWF1/MMP9 cascade in the lung fibroblasts, generating a feedback loop that promoted HCC metastasis.
Atomistic Characterization of Healthy and Damaged Hair Surfaces: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Fatty Acids on Protein Layer
Authors: Wang Qiang , Phang Jia Min , Chakraborty Souvik , Zhang Liling , Klähn Marco , Nalaparaju Anjaiah , Lim Freda C. H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmid the bourgeoning demand for in‐silico designed, environmentally sustainable, and highly effective hair care formulations, a growing interest is evident in the exploration of realistic computational model for the hair surface. In this work, we present an atomistic model for the outermost layer of the hair surface derived through molecular dynamics simulations, which comprises 18‐Methyleicosanoic acid (18‐MEA) fatty acid chains covalently bound onto the keratin‐associated protein 10‐4 (KAP10‐4) at a spacing distance of ~1 nm. Remarkably, this hair surface model facilitates the inclusion of free fatty acids (free 18‐MEA) into the gaps between chemically bound 18‐MEA chains, up to a maximum number that results in a packing density of 0.22 nm2 per fatty acid molecule, consistent with the optimal spacing identified through free energy analysis. Atomistic insights are provided for the organization of fatty acid chains, structural features, and interaction energies on protein‐inclusive hair surface models with varying amounts of free 18‐MEA (FMEA) depletion, as well as varying degrees of anionic cysteic acid from damaged bound 18‐MEA (BMEA), under both dry and wet conditions. In the presence of FMEA and water, the fatty acid chains in a pristine hair surface prefers to adopt a thermodynamically favored extended chain conformation, forming a thicker protective layer (~3 nm) on the protein surface. Our simulation results reveal that, while the depletion of FMEA can induce a pronounced impact on the thickness, tilt angle, and order parameters of fatty acid chains, the removal of BMEA has a marked effect on water penetration. There is a “sweet spot” spacing between the 18‐MEA whereby damaged hair surface properties can be reinstated by replenishing FMEA. Through the incorporation of the protein layer and free fatty acids, the hair surface models presented in this study enables a realistic representation of the intricate details within the hair epicuticle, facilitating a molecular scale assessment of surface properties during the formulation design process.
Lack of pulmonary involvement leads to a 3 years delay of diagnosis in a childhood sarcoidosis case with arthritis, ocular symptoms, and bilateral parotid swelling
Authors: Fatih Mohammed Taib , Saleh Renaz Sabir , Majeed Truska Faraidun , Mahmood Mohammed Khalid 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis paper presents a rare sarcoidosis case in a child of 12 years of age presented with arthritis, bilateral parotid enlargement and ocular, but unfortunately the diagnosis has been missed due to lack of pulmonary involvement.AbstractDiagnosis of sarcoidosis is by exclusion, and sometimes, it can be challenging. This paper presents a rare sarcoidosis case in a child of 12 years of age presented with bilateral parotid enlargement. The signs of musculoskeletal and ocular involvement were present before the parotid enlargement, and the parotid swelling persisted for 3 years; but unfortunately the definite diagnosis has been missed by the previous healthcare professionals most probably due to the rarity of the situation, especially lack of pulmonary involvement. Therefore, cooperation between different healthcare specialties is important for an effective diagnosis and management. Despite its rarity, sarcoidosis should always be present in the list of differential diagnosis when encountering multisystem entities like arthritis, ocular symptoms and parotid swelling.
Cirrhosis due to hepatic sarcoidosis: A rare presentation
Authors: Islam Sumona , Kamal Intisar , Murshed Khaled , Azad Md Abul Kalam 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageSarcoidosis, although predominantly affecting the lungs, can present with cirrhosis, posing diagnostic challenges. Elevated ACE levels and atypical liver enzyme patterns should prompt consideration of sarcoidosis in cryptogenic cirrhosis cases, necessitating comprehensive evaluation including liver biopsy and imaging for accurate diagnosis and timely management.AbstractSarcoidosis is a systemic disease that can affect various organs, leading to a diverse range of clinical manifestations that make diagnosis challenging. Here, we present a case of sarcoidosis in a middle‐aged male who presented with cirrhosis. The cause of cirrhosis remained unknown for 4 years until the development of lymphadenopathy and ground‐glass opacities on lung imaging. A liver biopsy was performed, which revealed noncaseating granulomatous inflammation, thereby identifying sarcoidosis as the cause of cirrhosis. The patient was treated with oral steroids, which slightly improved his liver function over a short period. Given the diverse presentations of sarcoidosis, it should be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in cases of cryptogenic cirrhosis.
Ochrobactrum anthropi sepsis in a 15‐month‐old child: A case report
Authors: Adefila Williams Oluwatosin , Osei Isaac , Lamin Keita Modou , Wutor Baleng Mahama , Olawale Yusuf Abdulsalam , Molfa Minteh , Barjo Ousman , Omotosho Mayowa , Salaudeen Rasheed , Mackenzie Grant 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageOchrobactrum anthropi (O. anthropi), a rare opportunistic pathogen, caused sepsis in a malnourished 15‐month‐old African child. Early detection and appropriate antibiotics led to full recovery, highlighting the importance of robust surveillance for emerging pathogens in vulnerable populations.AbstractWhile rarely causing infections, O. anthropi, a non‐fermenting, obligately aerobic, flagellated gram‐negative bacillus, demonstrates oxidase positivity and indole negativity. Traditionally, Ochrobactrum spp is considered a low threat due to its environmental abundance and mild virulence. It is, however, a multidrug‐resistant bacteria known for causing opportunistic infections in humans. O. anthropi is typically associated with catheter‐related bloodstream infections. The first documented case was in 1998; most cases have been reported in developed countries. We present a case of O. anthropi sepsis in a malnourished child in sub‐Saharan Africa. We report a case involving a 15‐month‐old African female who presented with symptoms and signs of protein‐energy malnutrition and sepsis. The blood culture revealed O.anthropi. We treated the child with the empirical first‐line antibiotics per the national guidelines, intravenous ampicillin and gentamicin for a week, and the child fully recovered. This report describes a rare case of O. anthropi sepsis with malnutrition in an African female child. O. anthropi is an emerging pathogen causing opportunistic infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. We report that early bacterial detection, appropriate antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial management based on local antibiogram data may be essential for excellent patient outcomes. Additionally, we recommend more robust surveillance to detect such rare emerging pathogens.