bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective epidemiological study of the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*5701 in HIV‐1‐infected UK subjects
Authors: Orkin C , Sadiq ST , Rice L , Jackson F ,   on behalf of the UK EPI team
Published: September 2009

ObjectivesHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*5701 is strongly associated with developing a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir (ABC) in White and Hispanic subjects. Across the UK, limited data exist on HLA‐B*5701 prevalence in HIV‐1‐infected subjects. We determined HLA‐B*5701 prevalence in the general HIV‐1‐infected population and in specific ethnic groups, particularly Black Africans who, in general, exhibit greater genetic diversity. We also compared HLA‐B*5701 results obtained from local laboratories with those from a central provider.Design and methodsMulti‐centre, observational study. All HIV‐1‐infected adult individuals receiving care at participating centres were eligible, irrespective of treatment status or prior exposure to ABC. Subjects provided samples for HLA‐B*5701 assessment by both local (blood) and central laboratories (buccal swabs). HLA‐B*5701 prevalence was adjusted to represent the ethnic group composition of the general UK population, and by main ethnic group.ResultsFrom eight UK centres, 1494 subjects [618 (41%) White, 770 (52%) Black] were recruited. Eighty‐nine per cent of Black subjects reported an immediate country of origin in Africa. Overall adjusted HLA‐B*5701 prevalence was 4.55% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.49% to 5.60%]. Among White subjects, prevalence was 7.93% (CI 5.80% to 10.06%). Among Black subjects, only two (both Ugandan) were HLA‐B*5701 positive giving a rate of 0.26% (CI 0.07% to 0.94%).ConclusionsHLA‐B*5701 prevalence was similar to previously reported rates in White HIV‐infected subjects but considerably lower than that reported in Black HIV‐1‐infected subjects, as a result of the large proportion of Black African subjects.
Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B and C infection among Mongolian blood donors
Authors: Tserenpuntsag Boldtsetseg , Nelson Kenrad , Lamjav Ouynbileg , Triner Wayne , Smith Perry , Kacica Marilyn , McNutt Louise‐Anne 
Published: September 2009

BACKGROUND: Mongolia has one of the highest rates of viral hepatitis infections worldwide yet risk factors have been largely unstudied. This sentinel study of hepatitis infection in Mongolia determined the prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti‐HCV) among a sample of blood donors and identified demographic and behavioral factors associated with hepatitis infection.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were collected by interview from 923 Ministry of Health Blood Center donors between August 2004 and February 2005. The exposure variables collected included donor demographics and health and behavioral risk factors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed the prevalence ratio of hepatitis infection for each exposure.RESULTS: Of 923 donors, 72 tested positive for HBsAg (7.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.1%‐9.7%), 89 donors tested positive for anti‐HCV (9.6%; 95% CI, 7.8%‐11.5%), and six (0.6%) tested positive for both HBsAg and anti‐HCV. Prevalence of HBsAg was highest among donors 18 to 19 years and anti‐HCV tended to be most prevalent among those more than 40 years of age. Both pregnancy and alcohol use were associated with seroprevalent anti‐HCV.CONCLUSION: This sentinel study of hepatitis prevalence among Mongolian blood donors sheds considerable light on the epidemiology of hepatitis virus infection as well as the sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors associated with infection. Young age (HBsAg) and pregnancy (anti‐HCV) were significant risk factors for hepatitis virus infection, indicating that improvements in education, vaccination rates, and general infection control procedures in health care institutions may reduce behavioral and nosocomial transmission.
Usefulness of the Adenosine Triphosphate with a Sufficient Observation Period for Detecting Reconduction after Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: NINOMIYA YUICHI , IRIKI YASUHISA , ISHIDA SANEMASA , OKETANI NAOYA , MATSUSHITA TAKEHIKO , ICHIKI HITOSHI , OKUI HIDEKI , KATAOKA TETSURO , YOSHIKAWA AKIKO , OGAWA MASAKAZU , SAIHARA KEISHI , SHINSATO TAKURO , MIYATA MASAAKI , HAMASAKI SHUICHI , TEI CHUWA 
Published: September 2009

Background: Although reconduction after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation is considered to play a key role in the recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), there have been few reports regarding the precise time course of early reconduction. Several studies have suggested that transient PV reconduction facilitated by adenosine may predict long‐term AF recurrence. This study was designed to clarify the incidence and time course of early reconduction after PVI during the procedure and to confirm whether the use of ATP after a certain observation period was useful to detect early reconduction after PVI.
Methods: In 21 patients (18 males, 56 ± 11 years) with drug refractory AF, radiofrequency circumferential PV antrum ablation was performed in all 4 PVs. After the completion of isolation, electrograms in each PV were repeatedly recorded (1.98 ± 0.57 times per PV) using a circular mapping catheter for an observation period of 87 ± 29 minutes. After isolation of all 4 PVs, 30 mg of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was administered during isoproterenol infusion.
Results: PV electrical isolation was initially achieved in all 81 PVs. During the observation period, 12 (15%) PVs in 10 (48%) of 21 patients exhibited spontaneous reconduction. Among the remaining 69 PVs, 8 (12%) additional PVs had reconduction with the use of ATP. All PV reconduction was successfully eliminated by 4.5 ± 2.2 additional radiofrequency applications.
Conclusion: A sufficient observation period and the use of ATP are useful to detect early reconduction after PV isolation.
Effect of a Psychoeducational Intervention on Depression, Anxiety, and Health Resource Use in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients
Authors: DUNBAR SANDRA B. , LANGBERG JONATHAN J. , REILLY CAROLYN M. , VISWANATHAN BINDU , MCCARTY FRANCES , CULLER STEVEN D. , O’BRIEN MARIAN C. , WEINTRAUB WILLIAM S. 
Published: September 2009

Background: Psychological responses have been reported for some patients after the insertion of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). This study tested the effects of a psychoeducational intervention on anxiety, depressive symptoms, functional status, and health resource use during the first year after ICD implantation.
Methods: ICD patients (n = 246) were randomized to usual care (UC), group (GRP), or telephone counseling (TC) intervention that included education, symptom management, and coping skill training. Participants were 58 ± 11 years, 73% men, and 23% minorities. Anxiety (State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory [STAI]), depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II [BDI‐II]), and functional status (Duke Activity Status Inventory [DASI]) were measured at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Health resource use and disability days were tracked. Analyses were repeated‐measures analysis of covariance to assess Group × Time effects,χ2for percentage with clinically significant anxiety and depression at each time point, and logistic regression.
Results: All groups experienced decreased anxiety and depressive symptoms over the 12 months; GRP intervention had lower STAI (P = 0.03) than UC at 3 months. Logistic regression revealed group differences for predicted probability of having depressive symptoms at 12 months (UC = 0.31, GRP = 0.17, TC = 0.13, P = 0.03). UC had greater calls to providers at 1 and 6 months (P < 0.05) and more sick/disability days at 12 months (P = 0.01) than intervention groups.
Conclusions: A psychoeducational intervention reduced anxiety and depressive symptoms early after ICD implant, lowered probability of depressive symptoms at 1 year, and decreased disability days/calls to providers. These findings support further study and clinical use of both group and telephone interventions to yield better psychological outcomes after ICD implant.
Novel bait stations for attract‐and‐kill of pestiferous fruit flies
Authors: Piñero Jaime C. , Mau Ronald F. L. , McQuate Grant T. , Vargas Roger I. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA novel, visually‐attractive bait station was developed in Hawaii for application of insecticidal baits against oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (all Diptera: Tephritidae). The bait station developed represents a supernormal visual stimulus of papaya foliage and takes advantage of the flies’ strong response to the high light‐reflecting properties of yellow color and of their need for shelter, while fully protecting the bait against rainfall. Field studies revealed that the behavioral response of female fruit flies, in particular C. capitata and B. cucurbitae, to yellow‐painted bait stations sprayed with GF‐120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait was significantly enhanced compared with similarly sprayed bait stations that mimicked the green color of fully grown papaya leaves. Field studies conducted with B. cucurbitae indicated that the period of bait attractiveness can be extended for at least 1 week after bait application due to the rain‐fastness properties of the bait stations and the use of a visually‐attractive color. Our studies provide the behavioral basis for the development of improved attract‐and‐kill bait stations for fruit flies in Hawaii. These devices also provide a standardized way of evaluating bait spray formulations, thus allowing for proper comparisons over time, across species, and among geographical areas.
IMP‐3 expression in melanocytic lesions
Authors: Yu Limin , Xu Haodong , Wasco Matthew J. , Bourne Patricia A. , Ma Linglei 
Published: September 2009

Background: Insulin‐like growth factor‐II mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IMP‐3 ), a member of the insulin‐like growth factor mRNA‐binding protein family, is expressed in several human malignancies, including melanomas. However, the expression of IMP‐3 has not been explored in melanoma in situ, various histologic subtypes of invasive melanomas and atypical Spitz tumors. Methods: IMP‐3 immunostain was performed in 157 melanocytic lesions. Results: Nearly all benign (8/8), dysplastic (8/8) and Spitz nevi (8/9) were negative for IMP‐3. Focal IMP‐3 positivity was observed in 5/12 melanoma in situ and 4/15 superficial melanomas (Breslow depth ≤1 mm). Half (10/20) of deep melanomas (Breslow depth >1 mm) and 25/52 metastatic melanomas demonstrated strong IMP‐3 staining. IMP‐3 expression differs significantly between non‐desmoplastic melanomas (superficial and deep) and benign or dysplastic or Spitz nevi (p = 0.0427, respectively). Four of 23 desmoplastic melanomas expressed IMP‐3 , which was significantly different from deep melanomas (p = 0.0109). IMP‐3 stained 7 of 10 atypical Spitz tumors. The difference between atypical Spitz tumors and Spitz nevi was statistically significant (p = 0.0256). Conclusion: A malignant circumstance, such as non‐desmoplastic melanoma or atypical Spitz tumor, can be inferred when IMP‐3 is expressed, suggesting potential diagnostic value of IMP‐3 in melanocytic lesions.Yu L, Xu H, Wasco MJ, Bourne PA, Ma L. IMP‐3 expression in melanocytic lesions.
Blimp‐1: a marker of terminal differentiation but not of sebocytic progenitor cells
Authors: Sellheyer Klaus , Krahl Dieter 
Published: September 2009

Background: The role of stem cells in maintaining the sebaceous gland throughout the various stages of life is not satisfactorily resolved. In a recent article, the transcription factor B lymphocyte‐induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp‐1) was proposed as a marker of a population of unipotent progenitor cells that reside in the sebaceous gland, regulating its size and activity. Methods: We used standard immunohistochemical methods to examine Blimp‐1 expression in samples from embryonic, fetal and adult human skin and in 119 sebaceous lesions comprising all major categories of sebocytic lineage, including hamartomas, cysts and benign and malignant neoplasms. Results: Blimp‐1 is expressed late in embryonic development and is restricted to the evolving sebaceous gland, the terminally differentiating components of the hair follicle and nail organ and the granular layer. This pattern is preserved into adult life. In all sebaceous lesions, Blimp‐1 labels only the most mature cellular constituents. Conclusions: The reported expression pattern is difficult to reconcile with a function of Blimp‐1 as a marker for sebocytic progenitor cells but indicates a major role in terminal differentiation. Within the interfollicular epidermis, its exclusive localization to the granular layer suggests a central function in skin barrier homeostasis in the human.Sellheyer K, Krahl D. Blimp‐1: a marker of terminal differentiation but not of sebocytic progenitor cells. A comparative analysis of embryonic and adult human skin with sebaceous neoplasms.
GLYCOLYTIC POTENTIAL IN SEMIMEMBRANOSUS MUSCLE OF ITALIAN LARGE WHITE PIGS
Authors: COSTA L. NANNI , TASSONE F. , DAVOLI R. , FONTANESI L. , DALL'OLIO S. , COLOMBO M. , BUTTAZZONI L. , RUSSO V. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of glycolytic potential (GP) and its relationships with meat pH and the estimated breeding values (EBVs) of some traits in Italian Large White pigs. GP was determined on samples taken from the semimembranosus muscle at 120 min postmortem. Values of GP were normally distributed around a mean value of µmol/g 103.5 ± 23.0. Increasing GP was associated with decreasing pH at 2 and 24 h postmortem. A nonlinear relationship was found between GP and pHu. GP also showed no relationship with the EBVs of daily gain and feed : gain ratio and a weak relationship with EBVs of carcass traits such as backfat thickness and lean cut weight. The positive but weak correlation between GP and EBV of ham weight loss during the first salting period may suggest a potential risk of using meat with high GP in dry‐cured ham production.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSGlycolytic potential is considered to be a determinant parameter for pork quality, especially when the meat is going to be processed. A better knowledge of its variation and its relationship with other valuable traits in vivo and postmortem is important in a breed such as the Italian Large White, largely used in the production of heavy pigs destined to produce meat for seasoned products. Data reported here on the variation of GP could suggest to breeder association the need to control this parameter in selection programs irrespectively to the presence of the RN‐ negative allele, as the relationship of GP with processing losses could hinder dry‐cured ham producers.
INCLUDING CHESTNUTS AND SUGAR BEET PULP IN DIETS FOR PIGS: THE EFFECTS ON THE QUALITY OF PORK MEAT AND THE SENSORY PROPERTIES OF DRY‐CURED SAUSAGE (CHORIZO GALLEGO)
Authors: DÍAZ OLGA , ROS CRISTINA , VEIGA ADÁN , COBOS ÁNGEL 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT This research was aimed at evaluating how the inclusion of dried chestnuts and dried sugar beet pulp in diets for pigs affected the quality of pork meat and the sensory properties of dry‐cured sausage (chorizo gallego). The meat from pigs that received a diet with chestnuts and sugar beet pulp (CBP) showed lower thiobarbituric acid values and higher water‐holding capacity than meat from pigs fed a conventional diet (C). Significant differences were also observed between both batches in color parameters and fatty acid composition of the meat. In the sensory analysis of chorizo, the sausages manufactured with meat from pigs fed the CBP diet were significantly better rated than those with meat from pigs fed a C diet in appearance, odor, flavor, texture and overall score.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe inclusion of dried chestnuts and dried sugar beet pulp in diets for pigs during the fattening period allowed us to recover some of the ingredients more traditionally used in the feeding of pigs. This inclusion modifies some parameters of the resulting pork meat quality; (it decreases lipid oxidation and increases water‐holding capacity and polyunsaturated fatty acid content) and also improves the sensory properties of any dry‐cured product made with this pork meat.
An exploratory study of nurse aides’ communication behaviours: giving ‘positive regard’ as a strategy
Authors: Medvene Louis J. , Lann‐Wolcott Hannah 
Published: September 2009

medvene l.J. & lann‐wolcott h. (2009) An exploratory study of nurse aides’ communication behaviours: giving ‘positive regard’ as a strategy. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 41–50 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2009.00183.xAim.  The aim of this study was to identify the communication behaviours and strategies used by socially skilled geriatric nurse aides working with residents in long term care facilities.Background.  Communication skills are recognized as tools for establishing relationships and accomplishing care related tasks. A small but growing research literature exists within gerontology around geriatric nurse aide/resident communication. The present study was intended to contribute to this literature.Design.  This study used an exploratory qualitative design involving personal interviews with geriatric nurse aides.Methods.  Interviewers carried out 90‐minute interviews with 16 nurse aides who worked at an assisted living facility or a nursing home. Of interest was the extent to which established systems for coding interactions could be used to code nurse aide/resident interactions, or whether new categories would emerge.Results.  The novel finding that all of the aides used a communication strategy that could be characterized as ‘giving positive regard’, defined as acknowledging the resident, treating the resident with respect.Relevance to clinical practice.  The category of ‘giving positive regard’ included specific behaviours which can be included as content in communication skill training programs.
A pilot study of the SNOT 22 score in adults with no sinonasal disease
Authors: Gillett S. , Hopkins C. , Slack R. , Browne J.P. 
Published: September 2009

Objective:  To determine the SNOT 22 score in a normal population.Study design:  Analysis of SNOT 22 scores participants with no sinonasal disease.Setting:  Bath, UK.Participants:  116 participants from a local hospital and tennis club.Results:  Results were obtained from 54 men and 62 women with a mean age of 40 (range 19–75). SNOT score ranged from 0–50 with a mean score of 9.3 (95% confidence interval range of 7.5–11.1). The modal score was 0 and the median score 7 (95% confidence interval range of 5–8).Conclusion:  Due to the scewed nature of the data, the median score (7) is taken as the normal SNOT 22 score. We recommend that in an clincial situation a SNOT 22 score of 7 be used a a guide for “normal”, and that care should be taken when suggesting treatment on patients with a score below this level.
A systematic review to assess the anatomical correlates of the notches in acoustic rhinometry
Authors: Eduardo Nigro C. , Faria Aguar Nigro J. , Mion O. , Ferreira Mello Jr J. , Louis Voegels R. , Roithmann R. 
Published: September 2009

Background:  The graph obtained by Acoustic Rhinometry in most studies of normal adult Caucasian individuals clearly shows two notches at the beginning of the rhinogram. However, we found different opinions in the literature regarding the anatomical correlation of the anterior notches.Objective of review:  The aim of this study was to identify and to discuss papers providing objective evidence of anatomic correlation of two anterior notches.Type of review:  A systematic review of the literature using a defined search strategy. Papers were included based on pre‐defined criteria, which included standardization of techniques.Search strategy:  Systematic literature searches of MEDLINE and SCIELO (1989–2008).Evaluation method:  Review of all randomized controlled trials by two authors and grading of articles for quality. A meta‐analysis of data was attempted.Results:  21 articles were identified. Five of which were prospective studies with randomized controlled trials.Conclusions: The majority of Acoustic Rhinometry studies affirm that the first notch is the nasal valve and the second is the anterior end of the inferior turbinate. These findings were based on papers that had not studied the anatomical correlation of these notches. Other studies claim that the first notch is the nostril and the second is the nasal valve as a whole. The conclusion that can be drawn concerning anatomic correlation of the first two notches is that there are conflicting opinions about this correlation in the literature and that more studies are needed to provide more convincing data.
Recent Insights into PDGF‐Induced Gliomagenesis
Authors: Calzolari Filippo , Malatesta Paolo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGliomas are aggressive and almost incurable glial brain tumors which frequently display abnormal platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling. Evidence gained from studies on several in vivo animal models has firmly established a causal connection between aberrant PDGF signaling and the formation of some gliomas. However, only recently has significant knowledge been gained regarding crucial issues such as the glioma cell of origin and the relationship between the transforming stimulus and the cellular characteristics of the resulting tumor. Based on recent evidence, we propose that PDGF can bias cell‐fate decisions, driving the acquisition of cell type‐specific features by the progeny of multipotent neural progenitors, thus determining the shape and direction of the transformation path. Furthermore, recent data about the cellular mechanisms of PDGF‐driven glioma progression and maintenance indicate that PDGF may be required, unexpectedly, to override cell contact inhibition and promote glioma cell infiltration rather than to stimulate cell proliferation.
Daily rhythms of serum and salivary parameters in goats
Authors: Assenza A , Fazio F , Marcenò G , Piccione G , Caola G 
Published: September 2009

Objective  Determine the daily rhythms of urea, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus secretion in the serum and saliva of goats and whether there is a relationship between them.Design  Ten non‐gravid, non‐lactating does underwent a 30‐day preconditioning period (natural 24‐h photoperiod, environmental temperature 19–21°C, relative humidity 40–50%, the same feeding regimen, offered as a single meal at 07:00 hours, and water ad libitum), following which saliva and blood samples were collected from each subject every 4 h for 2 days (starting at 08:00 hours) for measurement of urea and electrolytes.Results  Data analysis was conducted by one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by the single cosinor method. ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (0.001 < P < 0.01) on all the studied parameters in saliva and serum on both days. Cosinor analysis identified the periodic parameters and their acrophases (expressed in hours) during the 2 days of monitoring. Serum and salivary acrophases were all diurnal and were observed between 11:40 and 16:24 hours. No circadian rhythmicity was found for bicarbonate, magnesium or potassium in either saliva or serum.Conclusion  There was a daily rhythm of secretion for the majority of the measured parameters, suggesting the potential role of saliva as an additional, reliable index for physiological, clinical, nutritional and chronophysiological studies.