bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lightweight, self‐adaptive lock gate designation scheme for data collection in long‐thin wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang You‐Chiun , Chuang Che‐Hsi , Tseng Yu‐Chee , Shen Chien‐Chung 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTConstrained by the physical environments, thelong‐thintopology has recently been promoted for many practical deployments of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In general, a long‐thin topology is composed of a number of long branches of sensor nodes, where along a branch each sensor node has only one potential parent node toward the sink node. Although data aggregation may alleviate excessive packet contention, the maximum payload size of a packet and the dynamically changing traffic loads may severely affect the amount of sensor readings that may be collected along a long branch of sensor nodes. In addition, many practical applications of long‐thin WSNs demand the exact sensor readings at each location along the deployment areas for monitoring and analysis purposes, so sensor readings may not be aggregated when they are collected. This paper proposes a lightweight, self‐adaptive scheme that designates multiple collection nodes, termedlock gates, along a long‐thin network to collect sensor readings sent from their respective upstream sensor nodes. The self‐adaptive lock gate designation scheme balances between the responsiveness and the congestion of data collection while mitigating the funneling effect. The scheme also dynamically adapts the designation of lock gates to accommodate the time‐varying sensor reading generation rates of different sensor nodes. A testbed of 100 Jennic sensor nodes is developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed lock gate designation scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic routing protocol for a hybrid wireless underground sensor networks
Authors: Adel Ahmed , Norsheila Fisal 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTA wireless underground sensor network (WUSN) is defined as a network of wireless sensor devices in which all sensor devices are deployed completely underground (network sinks or any devices specifically for relay between sensors and a sink may be aboveground). In hybrid wireless underground sensor network (HWUSN), communication between nodes is implemented from underground‐to‐air or air‐to‐underground, not underground‐to‐underground. This paper proposes a novel hybrid underground probabilistic routing protocol that provides an efficient means of communication for sensor nodes in HWUSN. In addition, signal propagation based on the shadowing model for underground medium is developed. The proposed routing protocol ensures high packet throughput, prolongs the lifetime of HWUSN and the random selection of the next hop with multi‐path forwarding contributes to built‐in security. Moreover, the proposed mechanism utilizes an optimal forwarding (OF) decision that takes into account of the link quality, and the remaining power of next hop sensor nodes. The performance of proposed routing protocol has been successfully studied and verified through the simulation and real test bed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is prenatal myo‐inositol deficiency a mechanism of CNS injury in galactosemia?
Authors: Berry Gerard T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractClassic Galactosemia due to galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency is associated with apparent diet‐independent complications including cognitive impairment, learning problems and speech defects. As both galactose‐1‐phosphate and galactitol may be elevated in cord blood erythrocytes and amniotic fluid despite a maternal lactose‐free diet, endogenous production of galactose may be responsible for the elevated fetal galactose metabolites, as well as postnatal CNS complications. A prenatal deficiency of myo‐inositol due to an accumulation of both galactose‐1‐ phosphate and galactitol may play a role in the production of the postnatal CNS dysfunction. Two independent mechanisms may result in fetal myo‐inositol deficiency: competitive inhibition of the inositol monophosphatase1 (IMPA1)‐mediated hydrolysis of inositol monophosphate by high galactose‐1‐ phosphate levels leading to a sequestration of cellular myo‐inositol as inositol monophosphate and galactitol‐induced reduction in SMIT1‐mediated myo‐inositol transport. The subsequent reduction of myo‐inositol within fetal brain cells could lead to inositide deficiencies with resultant perturbations in calcium and protein kinase C signaling, the AKT/mTOR/cell growth and development pathway, cell migration, insulin sensitivity, vescular trafficking, endocytosis and exocytosis, actin cytoskeletal remodeling, nuclear metabolism, mRNA export and nuclear pore complex regulation, phosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins, protein phosphorylation and/or endogenous iron “chelation”. Using a knockout animal model we have shown that a marked deficiency of myo‐inositol in utero is lethal but the phenotype can be rescued by supplementing the drinking water of the pregnant mouse. If myo‐inositol deficiency is found to exist in the GALT‐deficient fetal brain, then the use of myo‐inositol to treat the fetus via oral supplementation of the pregnant female may warrant consideration.
A comparative study of female sterilization via modified Uchida and silver clip techniques in rural China
Authors: Qiu Hongyan , Li Li , Wu Shangchun , Liang Hong , Yuan Wei , He Yingqin 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the specific effects of 2 female sterilization methods: the modified Uchida technique and the application of silver clips.MethodsA total of 2198 women living in rural areas who were still of reproductive age but opting for sterilization were enrolled. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups, and underwent sterilization by either modified Uchida technique or silver clips. Information on acceptability, operation conditions, effectiveness, adverse effects, and complaints was collected 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure.ResultsNo significant difference in effectiveness, adverse effects or chief complaints between the 2 procedures was found. Differences in operative outcome, bleeding volume during the procedure, and operation time were found.ConclusionA shorter operation time and less bleeding for the silver clip method indicated that female sterilization by this technique was as safe as that by modified Uchida technique.
Randomized study of vaginal and neonatal cleansing with 1% chlorhexidine
Authors: Pereira Leonardo , Chipato Tsungai , Mashu Alexio , Mushangwe Velda , Rusakaniko Simbarashe , Bangdiwala Shrikant I. , Chidede Office Samson , Darmstadt Gary L. , Gwanzura Lovemore , Kandawasvika Gwendoline , Madzime Simon , Lumbiganon Pisake , Tolosa Jorge E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the safety, acceptability, and antimicrobial effect of 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) vaginal washing of women in labor and their neonates.MethodsRandomized controlled trial of 1% CHX vaginal and neonatal washing compared with no washing (usual care [UC]). The study included 502 women (334 CHX, 168 UC) who delivered 508 liveborn neonates (335 CHX, 173 UC). Main outcome measures were the incidence of maternal adverse effects, the incidence of neonatal skin rash, the axillary temparature before and after neonatal wiping, and vaginal culture results.ResultsMaternal demographics did not differ between the groups. No case of maternal rash occured; 4% of women experienced vaginal burning. An axillary temperature drop of more than 1 °C after CHX cleansing occurred in 8 neonates; 2 neonates had a minor rash. In the subset of women with positive vaginal cultures as baseline, 1% CHX eliminated culture growth in 56% after 1 wash, and in 86% after 2 washes.ConclusionsUse of 1% CHX is safe for neonates, well tolerated by laboring mothers, and effective in treating vaginal infections during labor. A randomized controlled trial using 1% CHX and powered for a reduction in neonatal septic mortality is justified based on these data.
Evaluation of the incision angle of mediolateral episiotomy at 60 degrees
Authors: Kalis Vladimir , Landsmanova Jana , Bednarova Barbora , Karbanova Jaroslava , Laine Katariina , Rokyta Zdenek 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo study the angle of mediolateral episiotomy at the time of cut, after primary repair, and 6 months postpartum; and the incidence and severity of perineal pain and anal incontinence 6 months after delivery.MethodsThe study group comprised 60 consecutively recruited primiparous women who required episiotomy during delivery assisted by 2 obstetricians. The incision angle of episiotomy (defined as 60°) was measured before cutting, after primary repair, and after 6 months. At follow‐up, perineal pain was evaluated by a verbal rating score; anal incontinence was assessed by St Mark's score.ResultsThe angles differed significantly among the incision (60°), repair (45°), and 6‐month (48°) measurements (P < 0.001). There was a poor correlation between the suture angle and the angle measured at 6 months postpartum. No severe perineal tear was diagnosed in the cohort. At 6 months postpartum, only 1 woman reported mild symptoms of de novo anal incontinence, whereas 7 women reported perineal pain related to episiotomy.ConclusionAn incision angle of mediolateral episiotomy of 60° resulted in a low incidence of anal sphincter tearing, anal incontinence and perineal pain. A randomized controlled trial is needed to assess the outcome when different angles of episiotomy are used.
High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistani mothers and their newborns
Authors: Hossain Nazli , Khanani Rafiq , Hussain‐Kanani Fatima , Shah Tahira , Arif Shaheen , Pal Lubna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistani parturients and their newborns and to assess the correlation between maternal and newborn serum levels of the vitamin D metabolite 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3.MethodsA prospective study of parturients presenting to the labor suite with a singleton pregnancy. Maternal and cord blood were collected for estimation of serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3.ResultsIn total, 89% of the gravidae were deficient in vitamin D (serum 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 < 30 ng/mL). There was a positive correlation between maternal and cord blood 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 levels(r = 0.68; P < 0.001). Inverse correlations were noted between cord blood 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 and a longer duration of gestation (r = − 0.33; P = 0.003) and with the newborn's birth weight (r = − 0.23; P = 0.048). Maternal 25‐hydroxy vitamin D3 levels were inversely correlated with maternal mean arterial pressure (r = 0.029; P < 0.020).ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the Pakistani parturients and their newborns. There was a correlation between higher maternal vitamin D levels and lower blood pressure in the mothers.
Nonliteral Language in Alzheimer Dementia: A Review
Authors: Rapp Alexander M. , Wild Barbara 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe use of nonliteral language in clinical assessment, especially testing the patients’ ability to interpret proverbs, has a long tradition in psychiatry. However, its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in dementias is not yet clear. The aim of this review article is to examine the current evidence on nonliteral/figurative language (proverb, metaphor, metonymy, idiom, irony, sarcasm) comprehension in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. A comprehensive literature search identified 25 studies (16 proverb, 3 metaphor, 0 metonymy, 5 idiom, 3 sarcasm) on nonliteral language comprehension in dementia. Studies predominantly indicate a deficit. Most studies investigated Alzheimer's dementia. Applied correctly, nonliteral language is a worthwhile diagnostic tool to evaluate language and abstract thinking in dementias. During assessment, familiarity testing (e.g., by asking “are you familiar with the proverb XY”) is obligatory. Still, future research is needed in several areas: evidence on decline of nonliteral language over the course of the illness is limited. So far, almost no studies delineated proverb comprehension in high risk populations such as patients with mild cognitive impairment. Currently, there is a lack of studies addressing performance in direct comparison to relevant differential diagnosis like older-age depression, delirium, brain lesion, or other psychiatric conditions. (JINS, 2011, 17, 207–218)
Nutrition labels on pre-packaged foods: a systematic review
Authors: Campos Sarah , Doxey Juliana , Hammond David 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo review research on consumer use and understanding of nutrition labels, as well as the impact of labelling on dietary habits.DesignA systematic review was conducted by searching electronic databases. Relevant articles were screened by two reviewers and included if they met inclusion criteria, including eight methodological criteria. A total of 120 articles were included in the review, including cross-sectional surveys (n96), experimental designs (n17), ‘natural experiments’ (n7) and longitudinal population-based surveys (n2).SettingArticles covered seven jurisdictions: USA (n88), Europe (n12), Canada (n9), Australia and New Zealand (n4), Norway (n2), Thailand (n1) and Trinidad (n1).SubjectsParticipants were from a wide range of age groups, socio-economic strata and geographical regions.ResultsNutrition labels on pre-packaged foods are among the most prominent sources of nutrition information. Nutrition labels are perceived as a highly credible source of information and many consumers use nutrition labels to guide their selection of food products. Evidence also shows a consistent link between the use of nutrition labels and healthier diets. However, the use of labels varies considerably across subgroups, with lower use among children, adolescents and older adults who are obese. Research also highlights challenges in terms of consumer understanding and appropriate use of labelling information.ConclusionsNutrition labels on pre-packaged foods are a cost-effective population-level intervention with unparalleled reach. However, to capitalize on their potential, governments will need to explore new formats and different types of information content to ensure that nutrition information is accessible and understandable.
Determinants of block cohesiveness and attack efficacy in high‐level women's volleyball
Authors: Afonso José , Mesquita Isabel 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnalysing the performance of a team is important for optimizing the training process, thus improving the quality of practice. The interactions between the two opposing teams generate specific dynamical interactions, leading to the emergence of unique game patterns, which are of interest in such analyses. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to analyse probabilistic relationships that might predict certain outcomes relating to block cohesiveness and attack efficacy in elite‐level women's volleyball. Six volleyball matches from the 2006 FIVB Women's World Championships were analysed, producing a total of 650 sequences. A multinomial logistic regression was applied, with the level of significance determined at α = 0.05. The results clearly suggest that one of the most important cues for the blockers to analyse is the availability of the opponent's middle‐attacker for quick attacks. This emphasizes the notion of availability, a functional concept of the greatest importance. Regarding anticipation strategies from the block, they are justifiable when the opponent pulls a quick one‐foot attack behind the setter, since it diminishes the probability of an attack point or positive attack. In conclusion, it is the effective availability of a player to execute a certain action, and the type of that availability, that will induce different types of response strategies, whether wait and react, or a multitude of specific anticipation movements. Research should take this into consideration, exploring new and particular forms of availability and of anticipation movements, providing a higher in‐depth view of game dynamics.
First Report of Coleus blumei viroid 2 from Commercial Coleus in China
Authors: Fu F. H. , Li S. F. , Jiang D. M. , Wang H. Q. , Liu A. Q. , Sang L. W. 
Published: January 2011

Coleus (Coleus blumei) is an ornamental plant that is susceptible to infection by several viroids of the genus Coleviroid, which is a member of the family Pospiviroidae. Coleus blumei viroid (CbVd) -1 was first reported in commercial yellow coleus fields in Brazil in 1989 (1). In addition, CbVd-2, CbVd-3, and CbVd-4 have only been detected from coleus in Germany in 1996 (4). CbVd-5 and CbVd-6 were recently identified in China (2). In March 2010, leaves were collected from 50 symptomless coleus plants from a commercial nursery in Hainan Province, China. Total RNA was extracted from the leaves (3). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using CbVd-2 specific primers (forward: 5′-AGCTTACCTGGGTTCCCT-3′ and reverse: 5′-CTCTCCTCTATTTACTCTCTTCTC-3′) corresponding to positions 76 to 93 and 52 to 75 on the CbVd-2 reference sequence, respectively (GenBank Accession No. NC003682). Amplification of a 301-bp product was obtained from one sample. This PCR product was then cloned into pMD18-T (Takara, Dalian, China). Twelve positive clones were sequenced and the results were subjected to BLAST analysis. Sequence analysis showed that two sequences (GenBank Accessions Nos. HQ727542 and HQ727544) shared 99% identity with the reference sequence of CbVd-2 (NC003682), and four sequences (HQ727541, HQ727543, HQ727545 and HQ727547) had 99.34% identity with the reference sequence of CbVd-2 (NC003682). The proposed secondary structures of these variants have approximately 75% paired nucleotides. Results suggested the presence of CbVd-2, which is a member of the Coleviroid genus, Pospoviroidae family. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CbVd-2 from commercial coleus in China. References: (1) M. E. N. Fonseca et al. Fitopatol. Bras. 14:94, 1989. (2) W. Y. Hou et al. Arch. Virol. 154:993, 2009. (3) S. F. Li et al. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn. 61:381, 1995. (4) R. L. Spieker et al. J. Gen. Virol. 77:2839, 1996.
Procoagulant properties of microparticles released from red blood cells in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
Authors: Kozuma Yukinori , Sawahata Yuka , Takei Yumi , Chiba Shigeru , Ninomiya Haruhiko 
Published: January 2011

SummaryThrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) has been suggested to be due to several pathophysiological states: a suppressed fibrinolytic system, increased leucocyte‐derived tissue factor, complement (C′)‐mediated damage to platelets and endothelia, or increased platelet‐ and endothelium‐derived microparticles (MPs). Because haemolytic attack is often accompanied by thrombosis in PNH, we studied the role of C′‐induced release of MPs in the thrombogenesis of PNH. C′ activation induced procoagulant alteration in PNH red blood cells (RBC), when assessed by thrombin generation in the presence of C′‐activated PNH RBC, which was abolished by their subsequent treatment with annexin V. Significant amounts of procoagulant MPs, measured by phosphatidylserine‐binding prothrombinase activity, were released from PNH RBC in association with the formation of C5b‐9, but not significantly before C5b‐8. Generation of procoagulant, annexin V‐binding, MPs from C′‐activated RBC was studied also by flow cytometry. While phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate, an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), induced the release of MPs from normal RBC as well as PNH RBC, C′‐induced release of MPs from PNH RBC was Ca2+‐independent and not associated with the activation of PKC, calpain or caspase. Procoagulant properties of MPs released from PNH RBC could contribute to the thrombogenesis of PNH.
Treatment‐related deaths in second complete remission in childhood acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Molgaard‐Hansen Lene , Möttönen Merja , Glosli Heidi , Jónmundsson Guðmundur K. , Abrahamsson Jonas , Hasle Henrik ,   On behalf of the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO)
Published: January 2011

SummaryThe frequency and causes of treatment‐related deaths (TRD) in second complete remission (CR2) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were investigated in a historical, prospective cohort study of 429 children included in the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO)‐AML‐88 and ‐93 trials. Relapse occurred in 158 children (39%). Seventeen (18%) of the 96 patients entering CR2 suffered TRD. The main causes were infection (59%) and complications from graft‐versus‐host disease (22%). Fourteen (82%) of 17 TRDs occurred in children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT). Optimal supportive care after HSCT is essential, and studies on risk factors for TRD are needed.
Inter‐rater reliability of the Developmental Behaviour Checklist for Adults in community accommodation settings
Authors: Mohr C. , Tonge B. J. , Taffe J. , Rymill A. , Collins D. , Keating C. , Einfeld S. L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground  With the publication of the Developmental Behaviour Checklist for Adults (DBC‐A), people of all ages with intellectual disability (ID) can now be assessed using a carer‐completed screening checklist of emotional and behavioural disturbance. This provides a broad assessment framework across the life span, assists the process of clinical assessment, diagnosis and management, and, through efficient screening, helps ensure that people with ID and high levels of disturbed behaviour are more likely to receive the often scarce and costly behavioural and mental health services that are available.Earlier studies have reported acceptable results of test–retest reliability studies with family members and paid carers in community settings and the results of an inter‐rater reliability study completed with family members. This study reports on another aspect of DBC‐A reliability, inter‐rater reliability with paid carers, in two small community‐based accommodation settings.Method  Participants were 38 pairs of paid carers employed by two non‐government agencies providing residential services in small group homes to 38 adults with ID in the community.Results  An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.69 (n = 38, 95% CI 0.54–0.86) was found between pairs of paid carers employed in small group homes.Discussion  Pairs of paid carers working with adults with ID in small group homes reliably completed DBC‐A checklists. An ICC result of 0.69 compares favourably with the results of an earlier inter‐rater study completed with the family members of people with ID living in the community. Inter‐rater reliability on the six DBC‐A sub‐scales was also computed and the results were satisfactory.Conclusions  The carer‐completed DBC‐A provides a broad and comprehensive survey of the emotional and behavioural problems of adults with ID. It has satisfactory psychometric properties, which have been further extended. The DBC‐A can be used in clinical, research and service settings to assess psychopathology across the adult life span in people with ID.