bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface analyses of barium hexaferrite particles for magnetic suspensions
Authors: Ovtar Simona , Lisjak Darja , Drofenik Miha 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe stabilization of a suspension made from barium hexaferrite (BaHF), hard magnetic particles was studied. The magnetic attraction between the particles of BaHF was reduced by the adsorption of the surfactant dodeclybenzene sulphonic acid (DBSa) onto the particles' surfaces. With the adsorption of the surfactant, the electrostatic and steric repulsions between the particles were enhanced and stable suspensions were prepared from three different powders of BaHF, with particles sizes 5–20, 10–130 and 40–300 nm. The stability of the suspensions was determined with zeta‐potential, saturation‐concentration measurements, TEM and FTIR spectroscopy. The zeta‐potential was increased with the addition of surfactants and the saturation concentration was increased with the decreased particle size. A stable suspension of the largest particles with a very high saturation concentration was prepared only by avoiding the application of an external magnetic field during the preparation of the suspension. The adsorption of the surfactant was observed in the FTIR spectra as a shift of the band assignment to the FeO vibrations. The red shift of the band by 37 or 53 cm−1 appears with the adsorption of the DBSa, and a blue shift by 41 and 67 cm−1 was observed, where two surfactants, DBSa and acetic acid, were used. The band shift is only partly observed in the suspension of the largest particles due to the effect of the particles' sizes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method of balanced adjustment in testing co‐primary endpoints
Authors: Kordzakhia George , Siddiqui Ohidul , Huque Mohammad F. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn a clinical trial, if there are three or more co‐primary endpoints, the type II error could increase depending on the correlation among the endpoints and their treatment effect sizes. To keep the type II error under control one may have to consider larger sample sizes. However, in cases where treatment effect size of at least one of the endpoints is likely to be small, the required sample size estimates can exceed reasonable bounds. Patel (1991) proposed an approach that adjusts the significance level for testing each primary endpoint based on the idea of restricting the null space. In Chuang‐Stein et al. (2007), the upward adjustment to the significance levels is based on controlling an average type I error rate. In the scenario that statistical significance of each individual hypothesis is not required, we introduce a compromise testing approach in which the significance level for a co‐primary endpoint is adjusted upward only if the treatment shows high significance in one (or more than one) of the remaining co‐primary endpoints. The adjustment depends on the correlation among the endpoints: larger adjustment is needed for cases of smaller correlation. The method is applicable for the scenario where the null space is restricted. Our testing approach controls maximum joint false positive rate over the restricted null space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solving longest common subsequence and related problems on graphical processing units
Authors: Deorowicz Sebastian 
Published: May 2010

AbstractModern graphical processing units (GPUs) offer much more computational power than modern central processing units. Therefore, it is natural that GPUs are applied not only for their original purposes, but also for general processing (GPGPU). In the field of sequence processing, one of the most important problems is the measuring of sequence similarity. There are many sequence similarity measures, e.g. edit distance, longest common subsequence length, and their derivatives. We examine the possibility of speeding up the algorithms computing some of them. We chose three measures useful in different situations. The experimental results show that the GPU versions of the examined algorithms are faster than their serial counterparts by a factor between 4 and 65. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing SCORM through creating a reusable JAVA class repository
Authors: Hsiao Chun‐Feng , Chu Chih‐Ping 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) is a set of standards that have been widely adopted when developing eLearning products. However, even with the use of SCORM, the creation of a simulation‐based eLearning course is still a hard task. An instructor can neither easily obtain source code from existing learning objects repositories nor reuse and adapt existing simulations to suit the instructor's needs. We describe an experimental reusable JAVA class repository that embeds itself in a SCORM run‐time environment to support software reuse and the cooperative creation of simulation‐based courses. Finally, we provide advice on how to promote software reuse and assure the quality of simulation‐based eLearning courses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity assessment and public policies: An urgent need for research
Authors: Vindimian Eric 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe new European regulation on chemicals triggers a huge number of new testing. However, more than 2 years after the enforcement of this policy, toxicity assessment and risk assessment are still using single species tests that deliver little information. As it is often the case, the link between science and policy seems to be disrupted. However, policy makers need more than ever information on the fate and effects of chemicals on living systems. Without relevant knowledge for decision making, the application of the precautionary principle is the only reasonable way to manage risks. It is necessary to develop new risk assessment strategies using the last innovations from biology: the omics tools, ecology, ecosystem modeling, chemistry, and computing. This article highlights some of the recent trends in ecotoxicology and calls for a new research strategy. This strategy implies research to be funded by its users. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Genome‐wide analysis of caesium and strontium accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Heuck Sabine , Gerstmann Udo C. , Michalke Bernhard , Kanter Ulrike 
Published: May 2010

Abstract137Cs and 90Sr contribute to significant and long‐lasting contamination of the environment with radionuclides. Due to their relatively high biological availability, they are transferred rapidly into biotic systems and may enter the food chain. In this study, we analysed 4862 haploid yeast knockout strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify genes involved in caesium (Cs+) and/or strontium (Sr2+) accumulation. According to this analysis, 212 mutant strains were associated with reproducible altered Cs+ and/or Sr2+ accumulation. These mutants were deficient for a wide range of cellular processes. Among those, the vacuolar function and biogenesis turned out to be crucial for both Cs+ and Sr2+ accumulation. Disruption of the vacuole diminished Cs+ accumulation, whereas Sr2+ enrichment was enhanced. Further analysis with a subset of the identified candidates were undertaken comparing the accumulation of Cs+ and Sr2+ with their essential counterparts potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+). Sr2+ and Ca2+ accumulation was highly correlated in yeast excluding the possibility of a differential regulation or uptake mechanisms. In direct contrast, the respective results suggest that Cs+ uptake is at least partially dependent on mechanisms distinct from K+ uptake. Single candidates (e.g. KHA1) are presented which might be specifically responsible for Cs+ homeostasis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic study of the cell wall composition of Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Backhaus Katja , Heilmann Clemens J. , Sorgo Alice G. , Purschke Günter , de Koster Chris G. , Klis Frans M. , Heinisch Jürgen J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn many ascomycetous yeasts, the cell wall is composed of two main types of macromolecules: (a) polysaccharides, with a high content of β‐1,6‐ and β‐1,3‐linked glucan chains and minor amounts of chitin; and (b) cell wall proteins of different types. Synthesis and maintenance of these macromolecules respond to environmental changes, which are sensed by the cell wall integrity (CWI) signal transduction pathway. We here present a first systematic analysis of the cell wall composition of the milk yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that exponentially growing cells of K. lactis supplied with glucose as a carbon source have a wall thickness of 64 nm, as compared to 105 nm when growing on 3% ethanol. Despite their increased wall thickness, ethanol‐grown cells were more sensitive to the presence of zymolyase in the growth medium. Mass spectrometric analysis identified 22 covalently linked cell wall proteins, including 19 GPI‐modified proteins and two Pir wall proteins. Importantly, the composition of the cell wall glycoproteome depended on carbon source and growth phase. Our results clearly illustrate the dynamic nature of the cell wall of K. lactis and provide a firm base for studying its regulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Crystal Structure of Bi2W6Br18 and a New Synthesis of W6Br12
Authors: Ströbele Markus , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe new tungsten bromide cluster compound Bi2W6Br18 was synthesized by reacting tungsten hexabromide with bismuth metal in a silica tube at 350 °C. The structure of Bi2W6Br18 was refined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction in the space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions of a = 981.8(2) pm, b = 1305.9(2) pm, c = 1256.8(2) pm and β = 101.81(2)°. The crystal structure is constructed from [(W6Br8i)Br6a]2–anions being interconnected by outer bromine ligands with (BiBr2) units that behave as cations in (BiBr2)2[(W6Br8)Br6]. Short Bi–Br bonding distances at 261.3(1) pm and 265.9(2) pm in (BiBr2) units suggest the presence of covalent interactions. Thermal decomposition of the compound leads to W6Br12.
Laparoscopic‐assisted distal pancreatectomy and nephrectomy from a live donor
Authors: Maruyama Michihiro , Kenmochi Takashi , Akutsu Naotake , Saigo Kenichi , Iwashita Chikara , Otsuki Kazunori , Ito Taihei , Asano Takehide 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe simultaneous transplantation of pancreas and kidney from live donors is performed in select countries. One of the reasons for this reduced applicability is the invasiveness of the donor operation. We propose the method of laparoscopic‐assisted operation to be performed on live donors with minimal invasion.MethodThe donor was placed in the right lateral decubitus position. A 7‐cm upper midline incision was made, and a handport was installed in addition to two or three 12‐mm ports. After the removal of the left kidney graft, the spleen and the distal part of the pancreas were completely mobilized. The splenic vein and artery were identified and mobilized. The donor was then rotated to a supine position. Dissection of the pancreatic parenchyma using ultrasound shears and ligation of the splenic vessels were performed through midline incision under direct vision. The distal part of the pancreas and the spleen were extracted.ResultsSince December 2007, 3 donors have undergone this operation. In all 3 cases, the postoperative course was uneventful, and both the renal and pancreatic grafts functioned well.ConclusionThis technique is minimally invasive and safe, and may become the standard method of live donor operation for simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation.
Hippocampus specific iron deficiency alters competition and cooperation between developing memory systems
Authors: Carlson Erik S. , Fretham Stephanie J. B. , Unger Erica , O’Connor Michael , Petryk Anna , Schallert Timothy , Rao Raghavendra , Tkac Ivan , Georgieff Michael K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIron deficiency (ID) is the most common gestational micronutrient deficiency in the world, targets the fetal hippocampus and striatum and results in long-term behavioral abnormalities. These structures primarily mediate spatial and procedural memory, respectively, in the rodent but have interconnections that result in competition or cooperation during cognitive tasks. We determined whether ID-induced impairment of one alters the function of the other by genetically inducing a 40% reduction of hippocampus iron content in late fetal life in mice and measuring dorsal striatal gene expression and metabolism and the behavioral balance between the two memory systems in adulthood.Slc11a2hipp/hippmice had similar striatum iron content, but 18% lower glucose and 44% lower lactate levels, a 30% higher phosphocreatine:creatine ratio, and reduced iron transporter gene expression compared to wild type (WT) littermates, implying reduced striatal metabolic function.Slc11a2hipp/hippmice had longer mean escape times on a cued task paradigm implying impaired procedural memory. Nevertheless, when hippocampal and striatal memory systems were placed in competition using a Morris Water Maze task that alternates spatial navigation and visual cued responses during training, and forces a choice between hippocampal and striatal strategies during probe trials,Slc11a2hipp/hippmice used the hippocampus-dependent response less often (25%) and the visual cued response more often (75%) compared to WT littermates that used both strategies approximately equally. Hippocampal ID not only reduces spatial recognition memory performance but also affects systems that support procedural memory, suggesting an altered balance between memory systems.
Stability of Cholesterol, 7‐Ketocholesterol and β‐Sitosterol during Saponification: Ramifications for Artifact Monitoring of Sterol Oxide Products
Authors: Busch T. P. , King A. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCholesterol has been used to monitor artifact generation. Stability differences among cholesterol oxide products (COPs) and cholesterol in thermal and alkaline conditions are theorized. Thus, use of cholesterol may be unsuitable for detection of artifacts generated from COPs. Stability of cholesterol was compared to that of 7‐ketocholesterol (7‐keto) and β‐sitosterol (βS) under various thermal and alkaline saponification conditions: 1 M methanolic KOH for 18 h at 24 °C (1 M18hr24°C, Control), 18 h at 37 °C (1M18hr37°C), 3 h at 45 °C (1M3hr45°C), and 3.6 M methanolic KOH for 3 h at 24 °C (3.6M3hr24°C). Trends indicated that cholesterol in solution was more stable than 7‐keto under all conditions. Compared to βS, cholesterol was more stable under all conditions except for 1M18hr37°C for which stabilities were similar. Compounds were more labile in heat than alkalinity. Poor recoveries of 7‐keto during cold saponification with high alkalinity were attributed to alkaline instability. 7‐Keto, less stable than cholesterol, should be used to monitor artifact generation during screening of various methods that include thermal and alkaline conditions. In a preliminary analysis of turkey meat, more 3,5‐7‐one was generated from spiking with cholesterol than with 7‐keto.
Linking HIV and sexual and reproductive health services to enhance program outcomes
Authors: Lusti‐Narasimhan Manjula , Say Lale , Mbizvo Michael T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSexual and reproductive health services provide an opportunity to achieve universal access to HIV prevention and care and should be part of a national strategic response. There is recognition that HIV is a sexually transmitted infection or associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Both address the same target population and the vulnerability to risk and underlying causes are essentially the same. Providing comprehensive services that prevent HIV transmission, including to infants, those that meet the fertility intentions of people living with HIV, and management and prevention of sexually transmitted infections are some of the key elements of these linkages. Approaches that have shown success in HIV prevention and care include those in which a combination of strategies has been deployed, both in prevention and treatment regimens, and the combination of services delivery should yield equally positive results. Some strategies and recommendations detailed at the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) World Congress in 2009 are discussed that could increase the effective response to the global response to HIV.
The FIGO initiative for the prevention of unsafe abortion
Authors: Shaw Dorothy 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUnsafe abortion is a recognized public health problem that contributes significantly to maternal mortality. At least 13% of maternal mortality is caused by unsafe abortion, mostly in poor and marginalized women. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) launched an initiative in 2007 to prevent unsafe abortion and its consequences, building on its work on other major causes of maternal mortality. A Working Group was identified with collaborators from many international organizations and terms of reference provided direction from the FIGO Executive Board as to possible evidence‐based interventions. A total of 54 member associations of FIGO, representing almost half its member societies, requested participation in the initiative, with 43 subsequently producing action plans that are country specific and involve the national government and multiple collaborators. Obstetrician/gynecologists have demonstrated the importance of the initiative by an unprecedented level of engagement in efforts to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity in country and by sharing experiences regionally.
International organizations and NGOs: An example of international collaboration to improve women's health by preventing unsafe abortion
Authors: Zaidi Shahida , Hassan Ezzeldin Osman , Hodorogea Stelian , Leke Robert J.I. , Távara Luis , Padilla de Gil Marina 
Published: May 2010

AbstractInternational collaboration with organizations and agencies is a basic requirement for the success of the FIGO Initiative for the Prevention of Unsafe Abortion and its Consequences. Many activities being carried out by the organizations form a part of the plans of action of all countries participating in the Initiative. It was, therefore, not difficult to obtain their collaboration in implementing the plans of action. The many ways in which they have collaborated and continue to do so are described in this article. This collaboration has saved time, avoided duplication of effort, and has also satisfied the Accra Agenda of Action by reducing fragmentation of funding. It has already contributed toward preventing unsafe abortion and reducing abortion‐related maternal deaths and morbidities, and is expected to contribute even more significantly in the coming months and years.
Prevention of unsafe abortion: Analysis of the current situation and the task ahead
Authors: Faúndes Anibal , Zaidi Shahida 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn evaluation of the current situation regarding implementation of the plans of action for the prevention of unsafe abortion shows that more than half of the countries selected for the initiative have progressed as planned or have surpassed expectations. The greatest barriers to faster progress have been insufficient resources or infrastructure and the sensitivity of the subject matter, as well as lack of a more active commitment from the societies of obstetrics and gynecology and their members. The most frequently mentioned facilitating factors were the strength of the project/FIGO leadership, the commitment of the collaborating agencies, and incorporation of the activities of the plans of action into the agenda of the Ministry of Health. The commitment of the societies of obstetrics and gynecology and a good relationship between these societies and their Ministry of Health were also mentioned as being important facilitating factors. On the operational side, the monitoring visits and the regional workshops were seen as facilitators by over three‐quarters and two‐thirds of the countries, respectively. FIGO is committed to continue providing technical and political support to the societies involved in this initiative, promoting strategies to overcome the barriers while taking full advantage of the facilitating factors.
Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography of mild cognitive impairment with clinical follow‐up at 3 years
Authors: Pardo José V. , Lee Joel T. , Kuskowski Michael A. , Munch Kristin R. , Carlis John V. , Sheikh Sohail A. , Surerus Christa , Lewis Scott M. , McCarten J. Riley , Fink Howard , McPherson Susan , Shah Hemant H. , Rottunda Susan , Dysken Maurice W. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementing illness. Development of effective treatments directed at AD requires an early diagnosis. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often heralds AD. Thus, characterizing MCI is fundamental to the early diagnosis of AD.Methods19 MCI patients referred from a memory loss clinic and 27 healthy subjects, all followed up for 3 years. Metabolism scans (MCI minus controls) were compared voxel‐wise after anatomic normalization and were examined both visually and with a computerized classifier.ResultsAgreement between raters as to whether the individual scans were normal or abnormal was high. Agreement between raters of the eventual clinical diagnosis and baseline metabolic pattern was poor. A computerized classifier was unsuccessful at classifying MCI from normal; however, its performance improved when using only prototypic AD‐like MCI scans, indicating the classifier worked well when shared patterns existed in the data. Outcomes on follow‐up were nine of 19 AD, five of 19 remained MCI, and five of 19 developed dementias other than AD. Both MCI cases of early Lewy body dementia (LBD) showed an AD‐like metabolic pattern.ConclusionsVisual inspection proved reliable in determining normal from abnormal scans, but it proved unreliable at predicting diagnosis on follow‐up. Computerized classification of MCI by using an AD‐like metabolic template (such as derived from the averaged MCI images) showed potential to identify patients who will develop AD. However, the metabolic pattern in early LBD did not differ from that in AD.