bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for determining groups in cumulative incidence curves in competing risk data
Authors: Sestelo Marta , Meira‐Machado Luís , Villanueva Nora M. , Roca‐Pardiñas Javier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe cumulative incidence function is the standard method for estimating the marginal probability of a given event in the presence of competing risks. One basic but important goal in the analysis of competing risk data is the comparison of these curves, for which limited literature exists. We proposed a new procedure that lets us not only test the equality of these curves but also group them if they are not equal. The proposed method allows determining the composition of the groups as well as an automatic selection of their number. Simulation studies show the good numerical behavior of the proposed methods for finite sample size. The applicability of the proposed method is illustrated using real data.
Crocin ameliorates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mice with Alzheimer's disease by activating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Su Wenwen , Wang Yanbo , Shao Sen , Ye Xiaojun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCrocin has a good prospect in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Crocin and its underlying mechanisms in AD.MethodsAD mice were set up by injecting Aβ25‐35 solution into the hippocampus. Then, the AD mice were injected intraperitoneally with 40 mg/kg/day of Crocin for 14 days. Following the completion of Crocin treatment, an open‐field test, Y‐maze test and Morris water maze test were conducted to evaluate the impact of Crocin on spatial learning and memory deficiency in mice. The effects of Crocin on hippocampal neuron injury, proinflammatory cytokine expressions (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α), and PI3K/AKT signaling‐related protein expressions were measured using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Western blot, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) experiments, respectively.ResultsCrocin attenuated Aβ25‐35‐induced spatial learning and memory deficiency and hippocampal neuron injury. Furthermore, the Western blot and qRT‐PCR results showed that Crocin effectively suppressed inflammation and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in Aβ25‐35‐induced mice.ConclusionCrocin restrained neuroinflammation via the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby ameliorating the cognitive dysfunction of AD mice.
Digital therapeutics using virtual reality‐based visual perceptual learning for visual field defects in stroke: A double‐blind randomized trial
Authors: Namgung Eun , Kwon Sun U. , Han Moon‐Ku , Kim Gyeong‐Moon , Kim Hahn Young , Park Kwang‐Yeol , Cho Moonju , Choi Ha‐Gyun , Nah Hyun‐Wook , Lim Hyun Taek , Kang Dong‐Wha 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionVisual field defects (VFDs) represent a debilitating poststroke complication, characterized by unseen parts of the visual field. Visual perceptual learning (VPL), involving repetitive visual training in blind visual fields, may effectively restore visual field sensitivity in cortical blindness. This current multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial investigated the efficacy and safety of VPL‐based digital therapeutics (Nunap Vision [NV]) for treating poststroke VFDs.MethodsStroke outpatients with VFDs (>6 months after stroke onset) were randomized into NV (defective field training) or Nunap Vision‐Control (NV‐C, central field training) groups. Both interventions provided visual perceptual training, consisting of orientation, rotation, and depth discrimination, through a virtual reality head‐mounted display device 5 days a week for 12 weeks. The two groups received VFD assessments using Humphrey visual field (HVF) tests at baseline and 12‐week follow‐up. The final analysis included those completed the study (NV, n = 40; NV‐C, n = 35). Efficacy measures included improved visual area (sensitivity ≥6 dB) and changes in the HVF scores during the 12‐week period.ResultsWith a high compliance rate, NV and NV‐C training improved the visual areas in the defective hemifield (>72 degrees2) and the whole field (>108 degrees2), which are clinically meaningful improvements despite no significant between‐group differences. According to within‐group analyses, mean total deviation scores in the defective hemifield improved after NV training (p = .03) but not after NV‐C training (p = .12).ConclusionsThe current trial suggests that VPL‐based digital therapeutics may induce clinically meaningful visual improvements in patients with poststroke VFDs. Yet, between‐group differences in therapeutic efficacy were not found as NV‐C training exhibited unexpected improvement comparable to NV training, possibly due to learning transfer effects.
A 3‐year follow‐up of implant placement in proximity to canalis sinuosus: Case study
Authors: Orth Cássio Cardona , Orth Celso , Orth Celso Cardona , da Silva Lisângela , Streb Maria Helena , dos Reis Bueno Mike 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile the nasal fossa and nasopalatine canal are recognized limitations for immediate implants in esthetic areas, the canalis sinuosus (CS) and its branches have been largely overlooked. Neglecting this anatomy can lead to sensory issues, pain, and implant failure underscores the necessity of meticulous pre‐surgical assessment and planning to mitigate risks and ensure implant success. This case highlights the need for comprehensive pre‐surgical evaluation and precise planning to minimize these complications and ensure successful implant outcomes in this scenario.Methods and ResultsA 41‐year‐old woman with a history of root perforation and external root resorption was referred for dental implant placement. Following clinical evaluation and computed tomography, the presence of an accessory canal of the CS was identified. After meticulous planning to avoid implant contact with this structure, ridge preservation was performed. After 6 months, the implant was successfully placed following guided osteotomy. The case demonstrates clinical and radiographic stability after 36 months of follow‐up.ConclusionThe correct diagnosis and planning, within a multidisciplinary team, can lead to successful implant placement in a challenging site with an anatomical variation. This study, to our knowledge, represents the first to propose an alternative treatment approach in the presence of CS in an esthetic region.Key pointsWhy is this case new information?
This case emphasizes the importance of thorough pre‐surgical evaluation to mitigate potential complications related to the CS. It is the first, to our knowledge, to propose an alternative treatment approach in the presence of this anatomical variation in an esthetic region.
What are the keys to successful management in this case?
Comprehensive pre‐surgical evaluation, precise planning with detailed CBCT assessment to identify the CS, careful consideration of its anatomy during surgical intervention, knowledge of the limitations of tissue reconstructions, and precise clinical strategies to minimize associated complications.
What are the primary limitations to success in this case?
The need to position the implant with a safety margin from the CS led to implant positioning resulting in fenestration of the buccal bone plate, preventing its reconstruction due to the bone envelope's design, resulting in a discrepant gingival margin compared to the contralateral tooth, which did not allow for further crown lengthening due to a rather short root.
Atramacrolodes A−D (1–4), Four Undescribed Eudesmane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from the Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala
Authors: Li Bei , Tian Yulu , Guo Xinyi , Ren Yating , Ma Jie , Zang Yingda , Sun Hua , Zhang Dongming , Li Chuangjun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFour undescribed sesquiterpenes, atramacrolodes A−D (1–4), along with six known compounds 5–10 were isolated from the rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala. Compound 3 possessed a new skeleton based on an unprecedented carton‐carton connection. Their structures were determined by UV, IR, HRESIMS, NMR spectra, 13C NMR calculation with DP4+ analysis, and the comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compounds 5 and 8 showed protective effects against paracetamol‐induced liver cell injury.
Robust Radicals Featuring B‐ and N‐Embedded Dioxygen‐Bridged Units: Synthesis, Structures, and Optical Properties
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Shi Chao , Zhao Meng , Li Feiyang , Zhang Jing , Jiang Zhen , Li Qiuxia , Yuan Aihua , Yan Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTris(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) group has been widely used for constructing organic radicals, but the poor optical stabilities limit the application prospects of the TTM radicals. In this work, the rigid B‐ and N‐embedded dioxygen‐bridged (BO and NO) units were attached to the TTM skeleton as the strong electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups, respectively. The rigidity and strong electronic effect of the BO and NO units contribute to the high chemical and optical stability of BO‐TTM and NO‐TTM radicals. Notably, NO‐TTM exhibits near‐infrared emission at 830 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 55 nm (100 meV), while BO‐TTM shows blue‐shifted luminescence at 635 nm and a narrower FWHM of merely 43 nm (130 meV). This study has developed a methodology to produce highly efficient and enduring luminescent radicals, which could tune emission properties such as wavelength and FWHM.
Cover Feature: Dual‐Responsive Gradient Structured Actuator via Photopolymerization‐Induced Diffusion (Chem. Eur. J. 33/2024)
Authors: Sezen Polat Duygu , Buurman Vera E. , Mulder Dirk J. , Liu Danqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Danqing Liu and co‐workers at the University of Eindhoven University of Technology. The image depicts two‐step photopolymerization‐induced diffusion for the fabrication of gradient‐structured dual‐responsive thiol‐ene networks. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202400515.
Integration of risk, flexibility, and resilience in the optimization of water–energy nexus
Authors: Chrisandina Natasha J. , Deshpande Aovi A. , Al‐Fadhli Fahad M. , Iakovou Eleftherios , El‐Halwagi Mahmoud M. , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCo‐location of power plants and desalination systems allows for a reduction in operational expense through energy integration. Furthermore, augmenting fossil‐based power plants with solar energy provides a means of reducing the carbon footprint of electricity generation. It is also critical to protect the combined energy–water system against internal and external risk factors to maintain a reliable supply of both electricity and water. Therefore, a systematic approach for assessing and mitigating risks is needed. Because of the complex water–energy interactions, a superstructure representation is created and a quantitative risk assessment is conducted to show potential risk factors that target specific sub‐systems. A surrogate model of the flexibility index analysis is built in order to optimize the superstructure for both cost and flexibility objectives. Finally, the generated design is simulated against disruption scenarios to obtain its resilience against various risk factors. This approach is applied to a case study on the Kuwait water–energy plant to show how the developed approach can help decision‐makers create operational strategies to protect against risk in a cost‐effective manner.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of N,N,N‐Trimethyl‐D‐Glucosamine Chitotriomycin and Its Analogues
Authors: Li Jianghua , Zhang Yan , Hu Zhifei , Ye Jinfeng , Cao Hongzhi 
Published: May 2024

Comprehensive SummaryN,N,N‐Trimethyl‐D‐glucosamine (TMG)‐chitotriomycin, a naturally occurring chitin related oligosaccharide, is a specific β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidases (HexNAcases) inhibitor for insects and fungi. Although TMG‐chitoriomycin holds great promise as a novel class insecticide and fungicide, the limited accessibility of TMG‐chitotriomycin prevents its further biological evaluation. We report herein a simple and eco‐friendly chemoenzymatic approach for the efficient synthesis of TMG‐chitotriomycin and its analogues. In this strategy, the readily available chitosan was enzymatically hydrolyzed and chemically N‐acetylated to afford the chitooligosaccharides ranging from disaccharide to hexasaccharide. These chitooligosaccharides were selectively deacetylated by two different chitin deacetylases followed by chemical N‐trimethylation to obtain the desired TMG‐chitotriomycin and a total of 13 TMG‐chitotriomycin analogues in the longest linear sequence of 4 steps in over 12% total yields.
In situ Low‐Energy Electron Microscopy of Chemical Waves on a Composite V‐oxide/Rh(110) Surface
Authors: von Boehn Bernhard , Krisponeit Jon‐Olaf , Falta Jens , Imbihl Ronald 
Published: May 2024

AbstractChemical wave patterns and V‐oxide redistribution in catalytic methanol oxidation on a VOx/Rh(110) surface have been investigated in the 10−4 mbar range with low‐energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and micro spot low‐energy electron diffraction (micro‐LEED) as in situ methods. V coverages of θV=0.2 and 0.4 MLE (monolayer equivalents) were studied. Pulses display a c(2×2) pattern in the reduced part and (1×2) and c(2×8) structures in the oxidized part of the surface. At θV=0.4 MLE (1×2)/(1×4) patterns with streaks along the [001]‐direction at the 1/8 positions are present on the oxidized part of the surface. This phase can be assigned to V‐oxide. On a tentative basis, an excitation mechanism for pulses is presented, Annealing the surface to 990 K under reaction conditions results in a macroscopic hole pattern in which holes of low VOx coverage are surrounded by a V‐oxide layer. Chemical waves propagate inside the holes as well as on the VOx covered parts of the surface. The results demonstrate for the first time that also in supported oxidic overlayers selforganization processes can take place leading to chemical waves and a large scale redistribution of the oxide.
Single‐cell and spatial alterations of neural cells and circuits in clinical and translational medicine
Authors: Wang William , Liu Xuanqi , Wang Diane Catherine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neurons, circuits and regulators is being uncovered at a single‐cell level, from the single‐cell gene expression to functional regulations. The classifications, architectonics and functional communications amongst neural cells and circuits within the brain can be clearly delineated using single‐cell multiomics and transomics. This Editorial highlights the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of neurons and circuits as well as regulators, initiates the translation of neuronal diversity and spatial organisation at single‐cell levels into clinical considerations, and enables the discovery and development of new therapies for neurological diseases. It is predicted that single‐cell and spatial multiomics will be integrated with metabolomic profiles and corresponding gene epigenetic modifications. The interactions amongst DNAs, RNAs and proteins in a cell provide details of intracellular functional regulations and new opportunities for the translation of temporospatial diversity of neural cell subtypes/states into clinical practice. The application of single‐cell multiomics with four‐dimensional genome to the human pathological brain will lead us to a new milestone of the diagnosis and treatment.
Costly conspicuousness reveals benefits of sexual dimorphism in brood parasitic diederik cuckoos
Authors: York Jennifer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe existence of adult sexual dimorphism is typically explained as a consequence of sexual selection, yet coevolutionary drivers of sexual dimorphism frequently remain untested. Here, I investigate the role of sexual dimorphism in host–parasite interactions of the brood parasitic diederik cuckoo, Chrysococcyx caprius. Female diederik cuckoos are more cryptic in appearance and pose a threat to the clutch, while male diederik cuckoos are conspicuous and not a direct threat. Specifically, I examine whether sexual dimorphism in diederik cuckoos provokes threat‐level sensitive responses in Southern red bishop, Euplectes orix, hosts. I use experimentally simulated nest intrusions to test whether hosts have the capacity to differentially (i) detect, and/or (ii) discriminate between, male and female diederik cuckoos, relative to harmless controls. Overall, I found no evidence that diederik cuckoos differ in detectability, since both sexes are comparable to controls in the probability and speed of host detection. Furthermore, neither male nor female hosts discriminate between sexually dimorphic diederik cuckoos when engaging in frontline nest defences. However, hosts that witnessed a male diederik cuckoo during the trial were more likely to reject odd eggs. Moreover, experimental eggs were significantly more likely to be rejected when female bishops observed a male compared to a female diederik cuckoo. While the cryptic appearance of female diederik cuckoos does not reduce detection by hosts, it does provide the benefit of anonymity given the egg rejection costs of conspicuous male‐like appearance in the nest vicinity. These findings have implications for the evolution and maintenance of sexual dimorphism across the Cuculidae, and highlight the value of testing assumptions about the ecological drivers of sexual dimorphism.
Leopard subspecies conservation under climate and land‐use change
Authors: Mitchell Charlotte , Bolam Jamie , Bertola Laura D. , Naude Vincent N. , Gonçalves da Silva Lucas , Razgour Orly 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPredicting the effects of global environmental changes on species distribution is a top conservation priority, particularly for large carnivores, that contribute to regulating and maintaining ecosystems. As the most widespread and adaptable large felid, ranging across Africa and Asia, leopards are crucial to many ecosystems as both keystone and umbrella species, yet they are threatened across their ranges. We used intraspecific species distribution models (SDMs) to predict changes in range suitability for leopards under future climate and land‐use change and identify conservation gaps and opportunities. We generated intraspecific SDMs for the three western leopard subspecies, the African, Panthera pardus pardus; Arabian, Panthera pardus nimr; and Persian, Panthera pardus tulliana, leopards, and overlapped predictions with protected areas (PAs) coverage. We show that leopard subspecies differ in their environmental associations and vulnerability to future changes. The African and Arabian leopards are predicted to lose ~25% and ~14% of their currently suitable range, respectively, while the Persian leopard is predicted to experience ~12% range gains. We found that most areas predicted to be suitable were not protected, with only 4%–16% of the subspecies' ranges falling inside PAs, and that these proportions will decrease in the future. The highly variable responses we found between leopard subspecies highlight the importance of considering intraspecific variation when modelling vulnerability to climate and land‐use changes. The predicted decrease in proportion of suitable ranges falling inside PAs threatens global capacity to effectively conserve leopards because survival rates are substantially lower outside PAs due to persecution. Hence, it is important to work with local communities to address negative human‐wildlife interactions and to restore habitats to retain landscape connectivity where PA coverage is low. On the other hand, the predicted increase in range suitability across southern Europe presents opportunities for expansion outside of their contemporary range, capitalising on European rewilding schemes.
Asymmetric competition among stream fishes: Do food web pathways affect competitive outcomes?
Authors: George Owen , Collins Scott F. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLimiting resources are often unevenly distributed among competing consumers, as larger, more aggressive, fast growing, early emerging, or rapidly reproducing species disproportionately exploit food or habitat. In such cases, asymmetric competition can occur (i.e., when limited resources are divided up unequally among individuals or species), resulting in stronger negative effects for some species and comparatively weaker effects for others. We hypothesize that the accessibility of food web pathways influences asymmetric competition among stream fishes. To test this hypothesis, we studied the interactions of invasive brown trout (Salmo trutta) with native Rio Grande sucker (Catostomus plebeius or Pantosteus plebeius) and Rio Grande chub (Gila pandora) in mountain streams of New Mexico, USA, from 2020 to 2021. Our study found support for the hypothesis that the accessibility of food web pathways drives asymmetric competition in mountain stream fishes, as native chub and sucker grew at slower rates than invasive brown trout across all observed body sizes. Our conclusion is evidenced by (1) strong diet overlap driven by benthic macroinvertebrates that (2) were important in fueling the growth of native fishes but were also (3) disproportionately exploited by trout. Because trout fed on small aquatic invertebrates, large crayfish, other fish, and inputs of terrestrial prey, they could incorporate energy from differing food web pathways, whereas native fishes were mostly limited to small benthic prey (and chubs fed on terrestrial arthropods). As trout, chub, and sucker competed for small benthic prey, trout could also incorporate other sources of food, whereas chub and sucker had fewer options. Although two or more species may compete for one resource, their rates of growth and production are also dependent on, and fueled by, other food web pathways. Our work demonstrates that such food web pathways help explain differences in growth and production between invasive and native fishes. Our findings show that tracking energy flows through the different food web pathways provides a useful and intuitive means of describing the important sources of food (i.e., the trophic basis of production) that fuel growth and production and sheds light on the processes that drive asymmetric competition.