bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive approach for examining shear‐critical RC walls using detailed experimental measurements
Authors: Fathalla Eissa , Mihaylov Boyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCurrent design codes lack robust assessment methods for shear‐critical non‐slender members based on on‐site crack measurements. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive framework is proposed for quantifying the shear resisting mechanisms of short shear‐critical walls on the basis of detailed test results. This framework is applied to two full‐scale shear walls loaded to shear failure. The tests were performed with detailed measurements including digital image correlation, providing displacement and strain fields across the entire face of the specimens. The results demonstrate the substantial impact of crack geometry on the relative contribution of the shear resisting mechanisms. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the shear carried by the compression zone, referred to as the critical lading zone (CLZ), has a governing contribution to the total shear. Finally, a set of hypotheses towards a crack‐based assessment method are proposed on the basis of the three‐parameter kinematic theory for shear walls. The method quantifies the damage state of the CLZ from geometrical and crack measurements, enabling rational on‐site assessments.
Photoluminescence of Platinum(II) Complexes with Diazine‐Based Ligands
Authors: Hruzd Mariia , Durand Raphaël , Gauthier Sébastien , le Poul Pascal , Robin‐le Guen Françoise , Achelle Sylvain 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the last past twenty years, research on luminescent platinum (II) complexes has been intensively developed for useful application such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). More recently, new photoluminescent complexes based on diazine ligands (pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, quinazoline and quinoxaline) have been developed in this context. This review will summarize the photophysical properties of most of the phosphorescent diazine Pt(II) complexes described in the literature and compare the results to pyridine analogues whenever possible. Based on the emission color, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) values, the relationship between structure modification, and photophysical properties are highlighted. Tuning of emission color, quantum yields in solution and solid state and, for some complexes, aggregation induced emission (AIE) or thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) properties are described. When emitting OLEDs have been built from diazine Pt(II) complexes, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) values and luminance for different emission wavelengths and in some cases, chromaticity coordinates obtained from devices, are given. Finally, this review highlights the growing interest in studies of new luminescent diazine Pt(II) complexes for OLED applications.
Electrospun hexagonal boron nitride/CNT reinforced nanocomposite fiber mats for cosmic radiation shielding
Authors: Ersoy Serra , Özcan Mücahid , Kaya Cengiz , Kaya Figen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA novel methodology is introduced to asses the efficacy of cosmic radiation shielding through the fabrication of electrospun nanocomposite fiber mats reinforced with hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These mats were fabricated using various h‐BN particles synthesized with 1 M boric acid and four distinct 1 M nitrogen sources to produce polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers via the electrospinning method at 15 kV, a 43.0 μL/min pumping rate, and a 20 cm distance with a maximum thickness of 10 μm. High neutron shielding capability nanocomposite fibers denoted BN‐F4 (spun with h‐BN [melamine]/CNT powders in a 5 wt% PEO solution) and BN‐F5 (spun with h‐BN [urea]/CNT powders in a 5 wt% PEO solution) were produced. By calculating the theoretical photon transmittance and evaluating the neutron shielding efficiency with an Am‐Be neutron source and a BF3 neutron detector, the cosmic radiation shielding capability of nanocomposite mats was discussed. BN‐F4 and BN‐F5 exhibited neutron shielding properties of 7.124% and 6.37% for 3.82 and 1.87 g/mL, respectively. This research establishes a new benchmark in the fabrication of flexible, ultrathin, and lightweight radiation shielding materials and enhances the practicality of nanocomposites reinforced with h‐BN and CNTs by incorporating synthesizing and characterizing steps.Highlights
In the study, hexagonal boron nitride production was carried out with four different nitrogen sources and which one showed better structural and morphological properties was supported by analysis.
Additionally, an optimization study of nanofibers by electrospinning by adding CNT and h‐BN particles with PEO polymer is included.
It is thought that the production of h‐BN and nanofiber work as a radiation shielding feature for use in space studies will be innovative and contribute to the deficiency in the literature.
Leachate treatment via electrocoagulation–coal‐based powdered activated carbon process: Efficiencies, mechanisms, kinetics, and costs
Authors: Ogedey Aysenur , Oguz Ensar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to improve COD, NH3‐N, and turbidity removal from Bingöl's leachate using a single‐reactor integrated electrocoagulation (EC)–coal‐based powdered activated carbon (CBPAC) process under various experimental conditions. In the EC‐CBPAC process, three stainless‐steel cathodes and three aluminum electrodes were connected to the negative and positive terminals of the power supply, respectively. The initial concentrations in the leachate were 1044 mg O2/L for COD, 204 mg/L for NH3‐N, and 57 NTU (or 71.25‐mg (NH2)2H2SO4/L) for turbidity, respectively. After a 40‐min EC‐CBPAC process, with a CBPAC dosage of 5 g/L and pH of 5 for COD and turbidity, and 9.5 for NH3‐N, the optimum removal efficiencies for COD, NH3‐N, and turbidity were achieved at 92%, 40%, and 91%, respectively. When the EC process was applied without CBPAC under the same experimental conditions, the removal efficiencies of COD, NH3‐N, and turbidity were 87%, 28%, and 54%, respectively. Before and after the EC‐CBPAC process, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, pore volume, and mean pore diameter of the CBPAC were found to be (888 m2/g, 0.498 cm3/g, and 22.28 Å) and (173 m2/g, 0.18 cm3/g, and 42.8 Å), respectively. The optimum pseudo‐first‐order (PFO) rate constants for COD, turbidity, and NH3‐N were determined to be 3.15 × 10−2, 4.77 × 10−2, and 8.8 × 10−3 min−1, respectively. With the current density increasing from 15 to 25 mA/cm2, energy consumption, unit energy consumption, and total cost increased from 68.7 to 122.4 kWh/m3, 6.948 to 15.226 kWh/kg COD, and 0.85 to 1.838 $/kg COD, respectively.Practitioner points

EC‐CBPAC process has greater COD, NH3‐N, and turbidity removal efficiency than EC process.
COD and turbidity achieved their optimum disposal efficiencies at 92% and 91%, respectively, at pH 5
The most efficient disposal efficiency for NH3‐N was observed to be 40% at pH 9.5.
EC‐CBPAC process increased removal efficiencies for COD, NH3‐N, and turbidity by 20%, 19%, and 38%, respectively, compared with EC alone.
The turbidity, NH3‐N, and COD disposal fitted PSO model due to high correlation values (R2 0.94–0.99).
Troubles mounting for multipolar dark matter
Authors: Bose Debajit , Chowdhury Debtosh , Mondal Poulami , Ray Tirtha Sankar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we revisit the experimental constraints on the multipolar dark matter that has derivative coupling to the visible sector mediated by the Standard Model photon. The momentum dependent interaction enables them to be captured efficiently within massive celestial bodies boosted by their steep gravitational potential. This phenomena makes compact celestial bodies as an efficient target to probe such type of dark matter candidates. We demonstrate that a synergy of the updated direct detection results from DarkSide-50 and LUX-ZEPLIN together with IceCube bounds on high energy solar neutrinos from dark matter capture disfavour the viable parameter space of the dipolar dark matter scenario. Whereas, for the anapole dark matter scenario, a narrow window survives that lies within the reach of prospective heating signals due to the capture of dark matter at cold neutron stars.
Beyond the tensionless limit: integrability in the symmetric orbifold
Authors: Gaberdiel Matthias R. , Gopakumar Rajesh , Nairz Beat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The symmetric orbifold of 𝕋4 is exactly dual to string theory on AdS3 × S3 × 𝕋4 with minimal (k = 1) NS-NS flux. In this paper we study the perturbation of the symmetric orbifold that is dual to switching on R-R flux, and hence to deforming the theory away from the tensionless point. More specifically, we determine systematically the action of a centrally extended supersymmetry algebra on the CFT states, and deduce from it the anomalous conformal dimensions. In the w-twisted sector with large w the structure is similar to what was found for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM: the basic excitations are multi-magnons whose individual dispersion relation is fixed by symmetry, and the comparison with the BMN answer suggests that the result is true to all orders in perturbation theory. Finally we show that the multi-magnon states interact via an integrable S-matrix and possess a natural family of bound states.
Non-invertible duality interfaces in field theories with exotic symmetries
Authors: Spieler Ryan C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the concept of global symmetry has generalized considerably. Two dramatic examples of this generalization are the exotic symmetries that govern theories with fractons and non-invertible symmetries, which do not fuse according to a group law. Only recently has the interplay between these two been examined. In this paper, we provide further examples of the interplay in the XY plaquette model, XY cube model, 1+1 d theory with global dipole symmetry, and the 2+1 d Lifshitz theory. They are analogs of the duality symmetries in 2d CTFs and are constructed by first gauging a finite subgroup of the momentum symmetry on half of spacetime and then performing a duality transformation. We analyze the fusion rules of the symmetries and find that they are condensation defects from an analog of higher gauging exotic symmetries. We also address their dependence on the UV cutoff when relevant.
Lengths of factorizations of integer-valued polynomials on Krull domains with prime elements
Authors: Fadinger-Held Victor , Windisch Daniel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLet D be a Krull domain admitting a prime element with finite residue field and let K be its quotient field. We show that for all positive integers k and $$1 < n_1 \le \cdots \le n_k$$

1
<

n
1

≤
⋯
≤

n
k

, there exists an integer-valued polynomial on D, that is, an element of $${{\,\textrm{Int}\,}}(D) = \{ f \in K[X] \mid f(D) \subseteq D \}$$

Int

(
D
)
=
{
f
∈
K
[
X
]
∣
f
(
D
)
⊆
D
}

, which has precisely k essentially different factorizations into irreducible elements of $${{\,\textrm{Int}\,}}(D)$$

Int

(
D
)

whose lengths are exactly $$n_1, \ldots , n_k$$

n
1

,
…
,

n
k

. Using this, we characterize lengths of factorizations when D is a unique factorization domain and therefore also in case D is a discrete valuation domain. This solves an open problem proposed by Cahen, Fontana, Frisch, and Glaz.
Crucial role of the NSE1 RING domain in Smc5/6 stability and FANCM-independent fork progression
Authors: Lorite Neus P , Apostolova Sonia , Guasch-Vallés Marta , Pryer Aaron , Unzueta Fernando , Freire Raimundo , Solé-Soler Roger , Pedraza Neus , Dolcet Xavier , Garí Eloi , Agell Neus , Taylor Elaine M , Colomina Neus , Torres-Rosell Jordi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Smc5/6 complex is a highly conserved molecular machine involved in the maintenance of genome integrity. While its functions largely depend on restraining the fork remodeling activity of Mph1 in yeast, the presence of an analogous Smc5/6-FANCM regulation in humans remains unknown. We generated human cell lines harboring mutations in the NSE1 subunit of the Smc5/6 complex. Point mutations or truncations in the RING domain of NSE1 result in drastically reduced Smc5/6 protein levels, with differential contribution of the two zinc-coordinating centers in the RING. In addition, nse1-RING mutant cells display cell growth defects, reduced replication fork rates, and increased genomic instability. Notably, our findings uncover a synthetic sick interaction between Smc5/6 and FANCM and show that Smc5/6 controls fork progression and chromosome disjunction in a FANCM-independent manner. Overall, our study demonstrates that the NSE1 RING domain plays vital roles in Smc5/6 complex stability and fork progression through pathways that are not evolutionary conserved.
Food plant odor perception in three sympatric alpine grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Catantopinae) in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Nakano Mari , Park Kye Chung , A. Trewick Steven , Morgan-Richards Mary 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe alpine grasshoppers Sigaus nivalis, Sigaus australis and Sigaus nitidus are sympatric in the central mountains of South Island, Aotearoa New Zealand. These grasshoppers feed on a range of alpine plants but show preference towards dicots over monocots. Because herbivorous insects often use smell and taste to locate and recognize food plants it was expected that these grasshoppers would show sensitivity to their favorite foods and potential sensitivity to nonhost plants. Here, we determined feeding preference in captivity allowing each of these three sympatric grasshoppers the same choice of six native alpine plant species. We analyzed the chemical compositions of the plants used in these experiments using gas-chromatograph coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and then recorded olfactory responses in the grasshoppers to plant-derived smells (with synthetic compounds) using electroantennogram (EAG). The grasshoppers were able to distinguish between the potential food plants and ate the shrub Coriaria sarmentosa but not the grass Chionochloa pallens, however, the chemicals we detected in the six plant species were very similar. High sensitivity to fatty acid derived aldehydes (decanal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, hexanal) and a 6-carbon alcohol ((Z)-2-hexen-1-ol) compared to terpenoids (α-phellandrene, β-myrcene, β-ocimene, eucalyptol, (S)-(-)-limonene, (1S)-(-)-α-pinene) or an aromatic compound (2-phenylethanol) was recorded in the antennae of all three grasshopper species and no species- or sex-specific sensitivity to particular compounds was observed. As aldehydes and alcohols are emitted upon plant damage, it is possible that these generalist grasshoppers are sensitive to the smells of damaged plants rather than species-specific plant smells.
Augmented reality to visualize a finite element analysis for assessing clamping concepts
Authors: Maier Walther , Möhring Hans-Christian , Feng Qi , Wunderle Richard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the development of an innovative augmented reality application for evaluating clamping concepts through visualizing the finite element analysis. The focus is on transforming the traditional simulation results into immersive, holographic displays, enabling users to experience and assess finite element analysis in three dimensions. The application development process involves data processing by MATLAB, visualization in the software Unity, and displaying holograms through Microsoft’s Hololens2. The most significant advancement introduces a new algorithm for rendering different finite elements in Unity. The application targets not only university engineering students but also vocational students with limited background in finite element analysis and machining, aiming to make the learning process more interactive and engaging. It was tested in a real machining environment, demonstrating its technical feasibility and potential in engineering education.
Empirical verification of feeding selectivity of larval and juvenile pelagic fishes using in-situ zooplankton assemblages
Authors: Nakamura Masahiro , Okazaki Yuji , Yoneda Michio , Morioka Taizo , Nishibe Yuichiro , Ito Shin-ichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMost studies on the feeding ecology of larvae and juveniles of commercially important pelagic fishes have used field-based approaches. However, due to possible biases related to net sampling, it is uncertain whether the results obtained from those studies truly represent the situation of live fish in the sea. Here we investigated the feeding ecology of pelagic fishes through a laboratory experiment minimizing the biases inherent in field net sampling. In the experiment, hatchery-reared juvenile chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) and larval/juvenile Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) were fed with wild-caught zooplankton assemblages collected from around Hakatajima Island in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The relationships between fish size and prey number in the gut, and the selectivity on each prey organism were determined. As a result, in both species, prey number and size increased with body size, and the fish showed strong selectivity for crustaceans including copepodites and adults of copepods. Our data has also clearly indicated that both species can selectively prey on preferred foods that are rare while avoiding non-preferred foods that are abundant. These results, which substantially accord with reports from previous field studies, will not only help field scientists make a convincing interpretation of their data, but also open the possibility of further laboratory studies on detailed mechanisms of the feeding selectivity of larval/juvenile pelagic fishes.
The effect of endoscopic renal and ureteral stone surgeries on renal blood flow in children: a prospective trial
Authors: Topbas Fevzi Batuhan , Sekerci Cagri Akin , Soydemir Efe , Yapici Ozge , Akbas Serkan , Yucel Selcuk , Tarcan Tufan , Tanidir Yiloren 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAim: To assess the impact of endoscopic stone surgeries on renal perfusion and blood flow in children. Materials and methods: Children who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), ureterorenoscopy (URS), endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS) were included to the study. Renal Doppler ultrasonography (RDUS) was performed one day before the operation, and on the postoperative 1st day and 1st month. Peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) were measured, and resistive index (RI) was calculated with the (PSV-EDV)/PSV formula. RDUS parameters were compared before and after surgery and between ipsilateral and contralateral kidneys. Results: A total of 45 children with a median age was 8 (2–17) years were included (15 (33.3%) girls, 30 (66.7%) boys). PCNL was performed in 13 children (28.9%), RIRS 11 (24.4%), URS 12 (26.7%), and ECIRS 9 (20%). There was no significant difference in renal and segmental PSV, EDV and RI values of operated kidney in the preoperative, postoperative periods. There was no significant difference between RDUS parameters of the ipsilateral and contralateral kidneys in preoperative or postoperative periods. PSV and EDV values were significantly higher in the 1st postoperative month in the group without preoperative DJ stent than in the group with DJ stent (p = 0,031, p = 0,041, respectively). However, RI values were similar. The mean RI were below the threshold value of 0.7 in each period. Conclusion: RDUS parameters didn’t show a significant difference in children. Endoscopic surgeries can be safely performed in pediatric stone disease.
Radiation grafted polyacrylic acid–polyurethane foam copolymer for efficient toxic metal removal from aqueous waste: a sustainable approach to waste management
Authors: Singh Krishan Kant , Goel Narendra K. , Kanjilal Amit , Ruhela R. , Kumar Virendra , Bhattacharyya K. , Tyagi A. K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe acrylic acid-grafted functionalized base polyurethane foam (PAA-g-PUf) is synthesized through mutual radiation grafting technique using acrylic acid as functional monomers and polyurethane form (PUf) with macroporous structure as base polymer, for the extraction of lead from the aqoueous waste streams. The incorporation of functionality on PUf is identified and confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, degree of grafting and thermal stability by TGA–DSC technique while the surface morphology, and pores dimensions are evaluated by SEM techniques. The kinetics measurements indicate that the synthesized sorbent reaches its saturation sorption capacity within 10 min at ~ 25 °C under near-neutral pH condition. The monolayer sorption capacity of the synthesized PAA-g-PUf for lead ion (Pb2+) is calculated from Langmuir’s model and found to be ~ 257 mg g−1, which is quite good as compared to the other functionalized material available. These grafted foams are quite efficient over a wide range of concentrations and temperature of the experimental solutions. In this study, the adsorbed lead ions are eluted out in 0.5 M HCl strippent efficiently. These sorbents exhibit excellent reusability up to five cycles without losing appreciable capacity, suggesting better usability in real water samples for many cycles. The polyurethane foam used was obtained from municipal waste, and hence, they cannot generate any additional secondary waste to the environment and make the process more sustainable and economically viable.
Graphical abstract
ESR Essentials: characterisation and staging of adnexal masses with MRI and CT—practice recommendations by ESUR
Authors: Avesani Giacomo , Panico Camilla , Nougaret Stephanie , Woitek Ramona , Gui Benedetta , Sala Evis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ovarian masses encompass various conditions, from benign to highly malignant, and imaging plays a vital role in their diagnosis and management. Ultrasound, particularly transvaginal ultrasound, is the foremost diagnostic method for adnexal masses. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is advised for more precise characterisation if ultrasound results are inconclusive. The ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system (O-RADS) MRI lexicon and scoring system provides a standardised method for describing, assessing, and categorising the risk of each ovarian mass. Determining a histological differential diagnosis of the mass may influence treatment decision-making and treatment planning. When ultrasound or MRI suggests the possibility of cancer, computed tomography (CT) is the preferred imaging technique for staging. It is essential to outline the extent of the malignancy, guide treatment decisions, and evaluate the feasibility of cytoreductive surgery.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the key imaging processes in evaluating and managing ovarian masses, from initial diagnosis to initial treatment. It also includes pertinent recommendations for properly performing and interpreting various imaging modalities.

Key Points

MRI is the modality of choice for indeterminate ovarian masses at ultrasound, and the O-RADS MRI lexicon and score enable unequivocal communication with clinicians.

CT is the recommended modality for suspected ovarian masses to tailor treatment and surgery.

Multidisciplinary meetings integrate information and help decide the most appropriate treatment for each patient.