bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of recombinant interferon-alpha on lymphocyte subpopulations and HLA-DR expression on liver tissue of HBV-positive individuals
Authors: YOO Y K , GAVALER J B , CHEN K , WHITESIDE T L , VAN THIEL D H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYInterferon-alpha (IFN-α) has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis occurring as a result of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Treatment with IFN-a has been proposed as a means of reducing the high rate of allograft infection in clinical liver transplantation in patients transplanted for HBV-related chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis who are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We obtained resected whole livers from two groups of patients who received liver transplants. Group A consisted of 11 patients who were HBsAg+ but were not treated with IFN-α, and group B consisted of 10 patients who were also HBsAg+ but received IFN-α therapy for 29.4 ± 5.6 days prior to orthotopic liver transplantation. No differences between the two groups existed in terms of a variety of demographic and clinical characteristics. The liver tissue was stained with monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens unique to different mononuclear cell populations by the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique to determine the effect of IFN-α on the lymphocyte subsets as well as HLA antigen expression on liver-infiltrating mononuclear cells, The number of HLA-DR+ lymphocytes in the liver was significantly increased (P &lt; 0.005) within the portal areas in group B compared with that found in group A (84 ± 14 versus 33 ± 5 per one high-power field). Moreover, the intensity of the HLA-DR antigen expression on lymphocytes in the portal areas (P &lt; 0.02) and in the hepatic lobule (P &lt; 0.05) was greater in group B than in group A. The number of natural killer (NK) cells was increased in the portal areas (P &lt; 0.05) of group B compared with group A. These alterations in the lymphocyte and NK cell populations present in the liver in response to IFN-α therapy presumably reflect an IFN-α-induced enhancement of the immune response to virus-infected cells.
Complement, complement activation and anaphylatoxins in human ovarian follicular fluid
Authors: PERRICONE R , DE CAROLIS C , MORETTI C , SANTUARI E , DE SANCTIS G , FONTANA L 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYFunctionally active complement was sought and detected in human follicular fluids obtained during the pre-ovulatory period. All the functional complement activities tested, including total haemolytic complement, classical pathway activity and alternative pathway activity were present in nine fluids from four different donors with values within the normal serum range. The immunochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of complement factors from C1 to C9, of B and of C1 INH, H, I. Complement anaphylatoxins were found employing RIA techniques in amounts significantly higher than in human plasma, thus demonstrating that follicular fluid complement, at least during the preovulatory period, is partially activated. A possible role for urokinase-like substances in such an activation was indicated by further in vitro experiments. The presence of active complement in follicular fluid can be relevant for the function of the enzymatic multi-factorial mechanism of ovulation.
Extracorporeal immunoadsorption therapy on rats. In vivo depletion of specific antibodies
Authors: NILSSON R , LINDGREN L , LILLIEHORN P 
Published: July 2010

Summary
A technique for extracorporeal immunoadsorption of circulating specific antibodies from the plasma of rats is described. Catheterization of rats was performed using the carotid and the jugular blood vessels. The rats were treated non-anaesthetized. Blood was pumped continuously through a hollow-fibre plasma filter at a rate of 1.5 ml/min and plasma was separated and passed through an adsorbent column at a flow of 0.2 ml/min. The treated plasma was mixed with the blood cells before being returned to the rat. The column contained the antigen covalently linked to agarose beads. About three plasma volumes were treated during a period of 3 h and 30 min, which resulted in an antibody depletion of about 90–95%. The antibody levels returned to pre-adsorption levels after 4–5 days, or in some cases even exceeded the titres before treatment.
Antibodies to the peptide from the plasmid-coded Yersinia outer membrane protein (YOP1) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: TSUCHIYA N , HUSBY G , WILLIAMS R C 
Published: July 2010

Summary
Seventy-five Norwegian patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) were studied for class-specific antibody response against synthetic peptide, P81, representing the sequence of plasmid-coded outer membrane protein of Yersinia (YOP1) containing four amino acid homology (TDRK) with HLA-B27 sequence. Ten (16.7%), five (8.3%) and seven (11.2%) of 60 male AS patients showed elevated anti-YOPI P81 antibody of IgA, IgG, and IgM class, respectively, whereas for each isotype only one (4%) of 25 healthy male controls was positive. Differences were not observed between female patients and controls. In all isotypes, antibody-positive patients were more frequently found in patients with active disease. The anti-YOP1 P81 antibody levels of the patients were generally not correlated with the antibody levels against the peptide representing the hypervariable region of HLA-B27 (B27 peptide). However, in one patient the antibody was shown to react with both peptides by cross-inhibition analysis. Overall, it appears that any causal relationship between YOP1 and pathogenesis of AS is not strong. Immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of the YOP1 region encompassing the TDRE sequence particularly at the T cell level require further study.
HLA class II glycoprotein expression by monocytes from HIV-infected individuals: differences in response to interferon-gamma
Authors: ZWILLING B S , DARROW R , MCPEEK M , LAUFMAN H , PEARL D 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe expression of HLA class II glycoproteins by monocytes from HIV-infected individuals evaluated. We found no differences in HLA-DR. HLA-DQ, or HLA-DP expression by freshly isolated monocytes from patients with clinical AIDS. HIV-infected patients without AIDS or from uninfected individuals. However, monocytes from HIV-infected individuals without AIDS responded better to stimulation with recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) than did monocytes from patients with clinical AIDS or from uninfected individuals. The response to IFN-γ stimulation by monocytes from patients with clinical AIDS was different. Thus, the largest increases in the percentage of cells expressing HLA-DR was associated with the smallest changes in the fluorescence intensity of the population that is observed following stimulation of monocytes from other patient populations.
Rotavirus induces proliferative response and augments non-specific cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes in humans
Authors: YASUKAWA M , NAKAGOMI O , KOBAVASHI Y 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn vitro cell-mediated immune responses to rotavirus in humans were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy adults proliferated in response to stimulation with the infectious and u.v.-inactivated Wa strain of human rotavirus, showing a maximum response on day 7 of culture; however, cord blood lymphocytes failed to respond to rotavirus. A Cross-reactive proliferative response of PBMC detected by stimulation with the NCDV strain of bovine rotavirus suggests the existence of epitopes common to both human and bovine rotaviruses. which are recognized by human T lymphocytes. The phenotype of the majority of activated lymphocytes was CD3+4+8-, indicating that the cells mainly activated were helper T cells. Culture supernatants of PBMC stimulated with rotavirus contained interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). In addition, PBMC stimulated with rotavirus demonstrated significantly enhanced cytotoxic activity against natural killer (NK) sensitive K562 ceils as well as an NK-resistant Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). Treatment of PBMC with anti-CDl6 or NKHIA monoclonal antibody, both of which react with most NK cells and lymphokine-activated killer cells and complement markedly reduced the cytotoxic activity against K562 and LCL. These results suggest that stimulation of human PBMC with rotavirus results in the production of tymphokines, such as IL-2 and IFN-γ, by rotavirus-reactive helper T cells and that these lymphokines augment NK activity and generate other forms of non-specific cytotoxic human lymphocyte activity. These cell-mediated immune responses observed in the present in vitro study might play an important role in protection and recovery from rotavirus infection.
Lymphokine-activated killer cytotoxicity against leukaemic blast cells
Authors: TRATKIEWICZ J A , SZER J , BOYD R L 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYWhile the sensitivity of cell lines and solid tumours to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell cytotoxicity is extensively reported, the ability of these generated cytotoxic ccMs to lyse leukaemic blast cells is controversial. This study reports the successful generation of LAK cells with specificity for leukaemic blast cells. Control donors, patients in remission and patients with active leukaemia were capable of lysing allogeneic leukaemic blast cells. One patient was also capable of lysing autologous leukaemie blast cells. Successful LAK generation was achieved by the use of high dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) while combinations of lymphokines did not improve LAK specificity or efficacy. These findings suggest that LAK immunotherapy may be considered for the treatment of patients with acute leukaemia.
Monoclonal antibodies to early pregnancy factor perturb tumour cell growth
Authors: QUINN K A , ATHANASAS-PLATSIS S , WONG T-Y , ROLFE B E , CAVANAGH A C , MORTON H 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
The pregnancy-associated substance early pregnancy factor (EPF) has previously been reported as a product of tumours of germ cell origin. More recently EPF (or an EPF-related substance, tEPF) has also been detected in the serum of patients bearing tumours of non-germ cell origin. We report here the production of tEPF by a variety of cultured transformed and tumour cell lines, of both germ and non-germ cell origin. Antibodies specific for EPF remove all tEPF activity from tumour cell conditioned medium, tEPF production is found to be associated with cell division; tEPF is no longer detected after growth arrest or differentiation. Co-culture of tumour cells with increasing doses of anti-EPF monoclonal antibodies resulted in a significant, dose-dependent decrease in rate of cell growth and viability. Similar anti-EPF concentrations had no effect on the concanavalin A induced proliferation of mouse spleen cells. These studies suggest, therefore, that tEPF is a growth-regulated product of cultured tumour and transformed cells. These cells are also dependent upon tEPF for continued growth, i.e. tEPF is acting in the autocrine mode.
Characterization of normal human CD3+ CD5- and γδ T cell receptor positive T lymphocytes
Authors: SROUR E F , LEEMHUIS T , JENSKI L , REDMOND R , FILLAK D , JANSEN J 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe functional and phenotypic properties of normal human CD3+ CD5- T cells which have a higher frequency of cytotoxic cells than CD3+CD5+ T lymphocytes have been described. Using three- and four-colour immunofluorescence flow cytometric cell sorting, the CD3+CD5- and CD3+CD5+ populations were subdivided into αβ or γδ T cell receptor positive cells. The four subsets were examined for the in vitro cytotoxic activity and were also stimulated with mitogens in limiting-dilution assays to measure the frequencies of proliferating and interleukin-2 (IL-2) producing cells. CD3+CD5-αβ, CD3+CD5-γδ+ and CD3+CD5+γδ+ cells had lower frequencies of proliferating and IL-2-producing cells than did CD3+CD5+αβ+ cells. However, the cytotoxic activity of the different phenotypes was higher in the CD3+CD5- subsets, especially when these cells were γδ+ Expression of γδ or lack of expression of CD5 appeared to be associated with the acquisition of cytolytic potentials. CD8 was expressed on 20% of fresh CD3+γδ+ cells. Cultured γδ cells retained the expression of γδ, but quickly lost that of CD8 and with time modulated the expression orCD5, The expression of CD5 was found to be higher on sorted CD3+CD5+γδ- than on CD3+CD5+γδ+ cells. These observations indicate that γδ is preferentially expressed on CD5-negative or weakly positive T lymphocytes and that CD3+CD5-γδ cells appear to constitute a discrete small subset of mature T lymphocytes which are cytotoxic in nature. However, the exact immunological function of these cells and their place in T cell ontogeny are yet to be elucidated.
Seasonal increase of spontaneous histamine release in washed leucocytes from rhinitis patients sensitive to grass pollen
Authors: WEYER A , GUINNEPAIN M T , SUTRA J P , BORGNON A , HERPIN-RICHARD N , ICKOVIC M R , MEAUME J , RAFFARD M , TEKAIA F 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe spontaneous histamine release (SHR) in basophils from patients sensitive to grass pollen has been studied before and during the 1987 grass pollen season. Nineteen patients were recruited on seasonal rhinitis symptoms, positivity for cutaneous tests and for serum-specific IgE with grass pollen. At the time of the biological investigations the patients were following a clinical trial of hyposensitization, including placebo, calcium phosphate and aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed grass pollen extract treatments. During the pollen season, grass pollen counts and clinical scores were checked over a 40-day period. Mean SHR was significantly higher during the pollen period than before, for the whole population of 19 patients (10.9% and 4.6%; P&lt; 0.005) as well as when the high SHR responders were-excluded (5.5% and 3.6%; P&lt; 0.01). No significant correlation existed between SHR and clinical scores or treatments. SHR could be inhibited at 4°C, in absence of Ca++ or of oxidative metabolism and thus originated from cells actively secreting histamine.
S protein binds to serum-treated agarose beads independently of complement activation and the formation of the terminal complement complex on the beads
Authors: HETLAND G , GARRED P , PETTERSEN H B , MOLLNES T E , JOHNSON E 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARY
Comparison of initial fearly-phased and terminal (late-phase) sequence activation of complement by agarose beads and endotoxin was evaluated in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of serum levels of C3c and C9 neoepitopes. Respectively. EIA and Western boloting with anti-S protein monoclonal antibody revealed lower S protein values and weaker S protein bands in serum activated by agarosebeads than by endotoxin implaying that S protein was removed from serum by binding to agarose. The binding of S protein to the beads was confirmed by radioimmunoassay and was found to be equal m normal and heat-inactivated serum. In contrast, the terminal complement complex was formed only on agarose heads invubated with normal serum and not with inactivated serum.
Molecular mimickry between HLA B27 andYersinia, Salmonella, ShigellaandKlebsiellawithin the same region of HLA α1-helix
Authors: LAHESMAA R , SKURNIK M , VAARA M , LEIRISALO-REPO M , NISSILÄ M , GRANFORS K , TOIVANEN P 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYTwo new examples of amino acid homology between HLA B27 and microbes triggering HLA B27-associated diseases are described. An outer membrane protein YadA (Yersinia adhesin, previously called Yop1) of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis shares a linear tetrapeptide with HLA B27. A cationic outer membrane protein OmpH of Salmonella typhimurium shares homology with five amino acids of HLA B27 in a non-linear fashion. The four amino acids of YadA are also notably included in the hexapeptide identical between Klebsiella pneumoniae nitrogenase and HLA B27, and three of them occur in the pentapeptide shared by a Shigella flexneri protein and HLA B27. Antibodies against synthetic peptides including HLA B27 homologous sequences of YadA and OmpH were observed in one-third of the patients with HLA B27 associated diseases. Antibodies were directed against a flanking sequence next to the amino acid sequences shared by arthritis-triggering microbes and HLA B27. The area of identity in each example of this molecular mimicry (Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella and Klebsiella) is located in the same place on the H LA B27 molecule: between amino acids 70 to 78 in the variable region of α1-helix. This area of HLA B27 molecule includes sites predicted to be important for binding processed antigens.
Regulation of experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats—separation of MHC and non-MHC gene effects
Authors: HIROSE S , OGASAWARA K , NATORI T , SASAMOTO Y , OHNO S , MATSUDA H , ONOÉ K 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYExperimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease and has served as a model of certain ocular inflammatory conditions in man. The present study was aimed at separating the effects of MHC and non-MHC genes on the development of EAU in the rat. EAU-susceptible LEW (RT1l) EAU-resistant WKAH (RTIk), and WKAH.1L (RTF) MHC congenic strain of WKAH background rats were immunized with retinal soluble antigen (S-Ag) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). LEW rats showed typical EAU, while neither WKAH nor WKAH. 1L congenic rats developed EAU. However, when an additional i.v. injection of Bordetella pertussis was given, all rat strains developed EAU. Furthermore, when immunized with peptide M, an 18-mer synthetic peptide, which corresponds to amino acid positions 303–320 of bovine S-Ag, and given an additional i.v. injection of B. pertussis, LEW and WKAH. IL rats developed EAU, whereas WKAH did not. When ACI (RTIavl), BUF (RTIb), LEJ (RTIl), W(RTIk), F344(RTI1v1), BN (RTIq), NIG-III (RTIq), TO (RT1I), and SDJ (RT1u) rats were immunized with peptide M or S-Ag and then given B. pertussis, all strains developed EAU by immunization with S-Ag plus B. pertussis, but only F344 and NIG-III developed EAU by immunization with peptide M. These findings suggest that susceptibility to EAU in rats is controlled by both MHC and non-MHC genes; and that in the absence of B. pertussis adjuvant, the form of disease induced by native S-Ag in FCA is governed by non-MHC gene(s). However, this effect of non-MHC gene(s) could no longer be observed when the rats were also injected with B. pertussis adjuvant at sensitization.
Variant CD45R expression with autosomal dominant inheritance affects both helper/inducer (CD4 +) and suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8 +) T cell populations
Authors: SCOTT C S , RICHARDS S J , COLE J C , GOOI H C 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe differential expression of various membrane CD45R isoforms by normal lymphocyte populations is known to be closely associated with distinct immunoregulutory functions. Abnormal patterns of CD45R expression have been reported in patients with common variable immunodeficiency and HIV infection, and recent evidence has suggested the possibility that one type of variant CD45R expression may be inheritable. By multiple colour flow cytometry, we studied the immunological characteristics of CD4+ helper/inducer and CD8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells in a family wilh variant CD45R expression over three generations. This variant pattern of CD45R expression was shown to affect both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte populations in individual family members and was immunologically characterized by a failure of the normal reciprocal expression of the CD45RA and CD45RO isoforms. Family studies also revealed that this trait had an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and. in the heterozygous state, appeared not to be associated with major clinical abnormalities. The different isoforms of CD45 show distinct patterns of expression during lymphocyte ontogeny and activation, and these patterns appear to closely reflect function. Despite their diverse immunological roles, our finding that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in affected family members showed the same defect suggests a common regulatory mechanism(s) for both these lymphocyte populations. The recognition of this abnormality, particularly in homozygous individuals, will be of great importance in understanding the role of these molecules in immune function and disease.
Anti-idiotype and immunosuppressant treatment of murine lupus
Authors: MORLAND C , MICHAEL J , ADU D , KIZAKI T , HOWIE A J , MORGAN A , STAINES N A 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe effect of the administration of a xenogeneic anti-idiotype antibody (anti-Id33) to a cross-reactive idiotype (Id33) present on anti-dsDNA antibody was examined in 6-week-old (NZB/NZW) F1 (BWF1) female mice. The administration of anti-Id33 led to a transient reduction in immunoglobulins expressing Id33, followed by a rise at 30 and 34 weeks that was significantly higher than in untreated mice (P&lt;0.05). Likewise, anti-dsDNA antibody levels were significantly higher at 10 and 18 weeks than in untreated mice (P&lt;0.0l). No differences were seen in survival to 40 weeks, proteinuria or the severity of glomerulonephritis. Concurrent administration of cyclosporin A(CyA) with anti-Id33 markedly ameliorated glomerular injury and proteinuria and improved survival. By contrast, glomerular injury, proteinuria and survival were worse in mice treated with cyclophosphamide plus anti-Id33, compared with untreated mice. Neither CyA nor cyclophosphamide treatment, when given with anti-Id33 altered serum levels of anti-dsDNA, anti-ssDNA or Id33+ immunoglobin, compared with untreated mice. The different effects of CyA and cyclophosphamide on T lymphocytes and their discrepant effects on glomerular injury when given with anti-Id33 in this model lead us to postulate a role for T lymphocytes in the glomerular injury of BWF1 lupus.
Hyper IgE in stimulatory graft-versus-hostdisease: role of interleukin-4
Authors: DOUTRELEPONT J M , MOSER M , LEO O , ABRAMOWICZ D , VANDERHAEGEN M L , URBAIN J , GOLDMAN M 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIntravenous injection of 2 × 108 DBA/2 spleen cells into adult intact (C57BL/6 x DBA/2) Fl mice results in a stimulatory graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) linked to the recognition by donor CD4+ T cells of Ia alloantigens on host B cells. In the experiments presented here, we found that this GVHR is associated with a major increase in IgE serum levels which was already present 7 days after the cell transfer. At 6 weeks, mean IgE levels were more than 200-fold above the control values. Host B cells were responsible for the hypersecretion of IgE in stimulatory GVHR since it was also observed when the DBA/2 donor inoculum was depleted of B cells but not when the Fl recipients were irradiated. The induction of IgE secretion required donor CD4+ T cells as treatment of the donor inoculum with lytic anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) completely prevented the occurrence of the hyper IgE whereas depletion of CD8+ cells had no influence on this parameter. The role played by interleukin-4 (IL-4) in this model was analysed in vivo by the administration of the 11B11 anti-IL-4 rat MoAb (total dose 36 mg) during the first 12 days following induction of stimulatory GVHR by 8 × 107 DBA/2 spleen cells. This treatment completely prevented the development of hyper IgE whereas the administration of a control rat MoAb had no significant effect. We conclude that stimulatory GVHR in mice is associated with a major increase in serum IgE which is mediated by IL-4.