bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VLSI design of Karatsuba integer multipliers and its evaluation
Authors: Yazaki Syunji , Abe Koki 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMultidigit multiplication is widely used for various applications in recent years, including numerical calculation, chaos arithmetic, and primality testing. Systems with high performance and low energy consumption are demanded, especially for image processing and communications with cryptography using chaos. Karatsuba algorithm with computational complexity ofO(n1.58) has been employed in software for multiplication of hundreds to thousands of bits, wherenstands for bit‐length of operands. In this paper, hardware design of multidigit integer multiplication based on Karatsuba algorithm is described and its VLSI realization is evaluated in terms of the cost, performance, and energy consumption. We present two design choices of the Karatsuba hardware: RKM (Recursive Karatsuba Multiplier) and IKM (Iterative Karatsuba Multiplier). We found that RKM has less area cost than WTM (Wallace Tree Multiplier) for bit‐length larger than 29with area cost of 30mm2. Critical path delay of RKM is always larger than that of WTM. Therefore, we should use WTM as combinational circuits for IKM to have better cost performance. We also found that a version of IKM using 0.18µm process can perform 1024‐bit multiplications 30 times faster than software at the area cost of 10.9mm2. Energy for the computation by the IKM version was found to be nearly 1/600 of that consumed by general‐purpose processor which executes the software. The results obtained by this study will help system designers for applications requiring multidigit multiplication to select design alternatives including ASIC realization. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(4): 9–20, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10086
Transmission characteristics simulation on power line communications
Authors: Kitayama Masashi , Abe Junichi , Tanabe Shinji 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn power line communications (PLC) systems, medium‐ and low‐voltage power lines are used as a communication network. Reflections caused by impedance mismatches degrade the transmission characteristics in the frequency range for PLC systems. If transmission characteristics of power lines can be estimated by simulation, the design and operation of PLC networks will be efficient. This paper proposes a method of simulating the transmission characteristics of a channel model between a transmitter and a receiver installed on a distribution network. The propagation characteristics of PLC signals of each distribution facility are described using two‐port networks. A channel model is automatically generated from the combination of component models along the topology of the distribution network and the transmitter and receiver locations. The proposed method was validated using field data and was proved to be effective. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(3): 46–55, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10233
Chirality in the Photochemical mer→fac Geometrical Isomerization of Tris(1‐phenylpyrazolato,N,C2′)iridium(III)
Authors: Tsuchiya Kazuyoshi , Ito Etsuko , Yagai Shiki , Kitamura Akihide , Karatsu Takashi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIrradiation of the optically resolved mer‐Δ isomer of tris(1‐phenylpyrazolato,N,C2′)iridium(III) with 366‐nm light in CH3CN purged by argon at 25 °C gave 59 % fac‐Δ and 41 % fac‐Λ (18 % ee) at the end of geometrical isomerization. Formation of the intermediate mer‐Λ species was not observed, which is quite characteristic when compared with the corresponding thermal isomerization reaction. This enantiomeric photoisomerization is rationally explained by a mechanism based on Ir–N bond dissociation at the top or bottom axial ligand. This reaction mechanism is explained by the potential energy surface of the triplet excited state.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electroanalytical Properties of ITO Electrodes Modified with Environment‐Sensitive Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Gel and Prussian Blue
Authors: Karbarz Marcin , Gniadek Marianna , Stojek Zbigniew 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIt has been shown that ITO electrodes could be modified with a volume‐phase‐transition gel based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) cross‐linked with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide. Prussian blue (PB) was deposited electrochemically inside the gel while glucose oxidase was added at the time of electropolymerization. The electrocatalytic activity of glucose oxidase towards the oxidation of glucose (measured as the reduction current of hydrogen peroxide) was strongly depressed by the shrinking process. Since the volume phase transition triggered by the temperature change is reversible the obtained change in the enzyme activity may be useful for getting a switchable system.
The prevalence of psychotic symptoms and paranoid ideation in non‐demented population samples aged 70–82 years
Authors: Sigström Robert , Skoog Ingmar , Sacuiu Simona , Karlsson Björn , Klenfeldt Isak Fredén , Waern Margda , Gustafson Deborah , Östling Svante 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjectivesRecent populationQ3 studies have reported an approximate 10% prevalence of psychotic symptoms among elderly aged 85 years and older. Psychotic symptoms may be less prevalent among younger elderly. We examined the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in a population‐based sample of non‐demented elderly aged 70–82 years.MethodsA systematic Swedish population sample of 894 non‐demented elderly (response rate 68%) representing three birth cohorts (340 women and 224 men aged 70 years and 330 women aged 78 and 82 years) was examined using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), during a semi‐structured psychiatric interview. A key informant interview was also conducted. Psychotic symptoms were classified according to the DSM‐IV Glossary of technical terms.ResultsThe 1‐year prevalence of any psychotic symptom was 0.9% among non‐demented women and men aged 70 years, and 1.2% among women aged 78 and 82 years. Psychotic symptoms were not related to sex or age. The prevalence of paranoid ideation was 1.0%. Among women, any paranoid symptom (persecutory delusions or paranoid ideation) was more common in 70‐year‐olds (2.6%) than in 78–82‐year‐olds (0.6%) (p = 0.04).ConclusionsPsychotic symptoms affected only 1% of this non‐demented population aged 70, 78 and 82 years, which is lower than the 7–10% previously found among 85‐ and 95‐year‐olds. This might reflect a lower prevalence of psychotic symptoms compared to older elderly or secular changes resulting in lower prevalence of psychotic symptoms in later‐born birth cohorts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct α subunits of the GABAAreceptor are responsible for early hippocampal silent neuron‐related activities
Authors: Giusi Giuseppina , Facciolo Rosa Maria , Rende Maria , Alò Raffaella , Di Vito Anna , Salerno Simona , Morelli Sabrina , De Bartolo Loredana , Drioli Enrico , Canonaco Marcello 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe modulatory actions of GABAAreceptor subunits are crucial for morphological and transcriptional neuronal activities. In this study, growth of hamster hippocampal neurons on biohybrid membrane substrates allowed us to show for the first time that the two major GABAAα receptor subunits (α2,5) are capable of early neuronal shaping plus expression differences of some of the main neuronal cytoskeletal factors (GAP‐43, the neurotrophin––BDNF) and of Gluergic subtypes. In a first case the inverse α5agonist (RY‐080) seemed to account for the reduction of dendritic length at DIV7, very likely via lower BDNF levels. Conversely, the effects of the preferentially specific agonist for hippocampal α2subunit (flunitrazepam) were, instead, directed at the formation of growth cones at DIV3 in the presence of greatly (P< 0.01) diminished GAP‐43 levels as displayed by strongly reduced axonal sprouting. It is interesting to note that concomitantly to these morphological variations, the transcription of some Gluergic receptor subtypes resulted to be altered. In particular, flunitrazepam was responsible for a distinctly rising expression of axonal NR1 mRNA levels from DIV3 (P< 0.01) until DIV7 (P< 0.001), whereas RY‐080 evoked a very great (P< 0.001) downregulation of dendritic GluR2 at only DIV7. Together, our results demonstrate that GABAAα2,5receptor‐containing subunits by regulating the precise synchronization of cytoskeletal factors are considered key modulating neuronal elements of hippocampal morphological growth features. Moreover, the notable NR1 and GluR2 transcription differences promoted by these GABAAα subunits tend to favorably corroborate the early role of α2+ α5on hippocampal neuronal networks in hibernating rodents through the recruitment and activation of silent neurons, and this may provide useful insights regarding molecular neurodegenerative events. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Charles A. K. , Darbre P. D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBenzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) are added to bodycare cosmetics used around the human breast. We report here that all three compounds possess oestrogenic activity in assays using the oestrogen‐responsive MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. At 3 000 000‐fold molar excess, they were able to partially displace [3H]oestradiol from recombinant human oestrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, and from cytosolic ER of MCF7 cells. At concentrations in the range of 5 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−4 m, they were able to increase the expression of a stably integrated oestrogen‐responsive reporter gene (ERE‐CAT) and of the endogenous oestrogen‐responsive pS2 gene in MCF7 cells, albeit to a lesser extent than with 10−8 m 17β‐oestradiol. They increased the proliferation of oestrogen‐dependent MCF7 cells over 7 days, which could be inhibited by the antioestrogen fulvestrant, suggesting an ER‐mediated mechanism. Although the extent of stimulation of proliferation over 7 days was lower with these compounds than with 10−8 m 17β‐oestradiol, given a longer time period of 35 days the extent of proliferation with 10−4 m benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate or butylphenylmethylpropional increased to the same magnitude as observed with 10−8 m 17β‐oestradiol over 14 days. This demonstrates that benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional are further chemical components of cosmetic products which give oestrogenic responses in a human breast cancer cell line in culture. Further research is now needed to investigate whether oestrogenic responses are detectable using in vivo models and the extent to which these compounds might be absorbed through human skin and might enter human breast tissues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of five acetylcholinesterase reactivators on tabun‐intoxicated rats: induction of oxidative stress versus reactivation efficacy
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav , Karasova Jana Zdarova , Musilek Kamil , Kuca Kamil , Kassa Jiri 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOxime reactivators HI‐6, obidoxime, trimedoxime, K347 and K628 were investigated as drugs designed for treatment of tabun intoxication. The experiments were performed on rats in order to simulate real conditions. Rats were intoxicated with one LD50 of tabun and treated with atropine and mentioned reactivators. Activities of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE), plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and brain AChE were measured as markers of reactivation efficacy. An estimation of low molecular weight antioxidant levels using cyclic voltammetry was the second examination parameter. The evaluation of cholinesterases activity showed good reactivation potency of blood AChE and plasma BChE by commercially available obidoxime and newly synthesized K347. The potency of oximes to reactivate brain AChE was lower due to the poor blood–brain barrier penetration of used compounds. Commercially available reactivator HI‐6 and newly synthesized K628 caused oxidative stress measured by cyclic voltammetry as antioxidant level. The oxidative stress provoked by HI‐6 and K628 was found to be significant on probability level P = 0.05. The others reactivators did not affect antioxidant levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional α1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors in human osteoblasts
Authors: Huang H.H. , Brennan T.C. , Muir M.M. , Mason R.S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCentral (hypothalamic) control of bone mass is proposed to be mediated through β2‐adrenergic receptors (β2‐ARs). While investigations in mouse bone cells suggest that epinephrine enhances both RANKL and OPG mRNA via both β‐ARs and α‐ARs, whether α‐ARs are expressed in human bone cells is controversial. The current study investigated the expression of α1‐AR and β2‐AR mRNA and protein and the functional role of adrenergic stimulation in human osteoblasts (HOBs). Expression of α1B‐ and β2‐ARs was examined by RT‐PCR, immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot (for α1B‐ARs). Proliferation in HOBs was assessed by3H‐thymidine incorporation and expression of RANKL and OPG was determined by quantitative RT‐PCR. RNA message for α1B‐ and β2‐ARs was expressed in HOBs and MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. α1B‐ and β2‐AR immunofluorescent localization in HOBs was shown for the first time by deconvolution microscopy. α1B‐AR protein was identified in HOBs by Western blot. Both α1‐agonists and propranolol (β‐blocker) increased HOB replication but fenoterol, a β2‐agonist, inhibited it. Fenoterol nearly doubled RANKL mRNA and this was inhibited by propranolol. The α1‐agonist cirazoline increased OPG mRNA and this increase was abolished by siRNA knockdown of α1B‐ARs in HOBs. These data indicate that both α1‐ARs and β2‐ARs are present and functional in HOBs. In addition to β2‐ARs, α1‐ARs in human bone cells may play a role in modulation of bone turnover by the sympathetic nervous system. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 267–275, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autoregulatory loop of Msx1 expression involving its antisense transcripts
Authors: Petit Stéphane , Meary Fleur , Pibouin Laurence , Jeanny Jean‐Claude , Fernandes Isabelle , Poliard Anne , Hotton Dominique , Berdal Ariane , Babajko Sylvie 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Msx1 homeogene plays an important role in epithelial–mesenchymal interactions leading organogenesis. Msx1 gene is submitted to bidirectional transcription generating a long non‐coding antisense (AS) RNA potentially involved in Msx1 expression regulation. RT‐Q‐PCR and RNA‐FISH studies indicated that transient overexpression of the Msx1 AS transcript in 705IC5 mouse odontoblasts decreased the abundance of endogenous Msx1 S mRNA at the post‐transcriptional level. Conversely, Msx1 overexpression increased the AS RNA level probably by activating AS transcription. In vivo mapping by RT‐PCR evidenced both Msx1 RNAs in all adult mouse tissues tested raising the issue of Msx1 function during adulthood. The expression patterns of the two RNAs were similar, confirming the tight S/AS relationship. In particular, both Msx1 mRNAs and Msx1 protein were similarly distributed in eyes, and were found in regions with a common ectodermic origin and in cells potentially involved in regeneration. In conclusion, we report that Msx1 S RNA is negatively controlled by its AS RNA at a post‐transcriptional level, and that the AS RNA is retrocontrolled positively by Msx1. The tight link between Msx1 S and AS RNAs constitutes a regulatory loop resulting in a fine‐tuned expression of Msx1 which appears to be significant for adult homeostasis. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 303–310, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CCL5/CCR5 axis promotes the motility of human oral cancer cells
Authors: Chuang Jing‐Yuan , Yang Wei‐Hung , Chen Hsien‐Te , Huang Chun‐Yin , Tan Tzu‐Wei , Lin Yuh‐Tzy , Hsu Chin‐Jung , Fong Yi‐Chin , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCCL5 (previously called RANTES) is in the CC‐chemokine family and plays a crucial role in the migration and metastasis of human cancer cells. On the other hand, the effect of CCL5 is mediated via CCR receptor. RT‐PCR and flow cytometry studies demonstrated CCR5 but not CCR1 and CCR3 mRNA in oral cancer cell lines, especially higher in those with high invasiveness (SCC4) as compared with lower levels in HSC3 cells and SCC9 cells. Stimulation of oral cancer cells with CCL5 directly increased the migration and metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) production. MMP‐9 small interfering RNA inhibited the CCL5‐induced MMP‐9 expression and thereby significantly inhibited the CCL5‐induced cell migration. Activations of phospholipase C (PLC), protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), and NF‐κB pathways after CCL5 treatment was demonstrated, and CCL5‐induced expression of MMP‐9 and migration activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor of PLC, PKCδ, and NF‐κB cascades. In addition, migration‐prone sublines demonstrate that cells with increasing migration ability had more expression of MMP‐9, CCL5, and CCR5. Taken together, these results indicate that CCL5/CCR5 axis enhanced migration of oral cancer cells through the increase of MMP‐9 production. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 418–426, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The synthesis of novel macrocyclic multidentate compounds from dioxodioic acids
Authors: Asay R. E. , Bradshaw J. S. , Nielsen S. F. , Thompson M. D. , Snow J. W. , Masihdas D. R. K. , Izatt R. M. , Christensen J. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of novel macrocyclic multidentate crown compounds have been prepared from a series of dioxodioic acids. The dioxodioic acids were prepared by treating various oligoethylene glycols or amines with maleic, succinic, citraconic, and glutaric anhydrides. The crown compounds were then synthesized from the dioxodioic acid chlorides obtained from the diacids and various oligoethylene glycols or ethylene diamine. The following macrocyclic compounds have been prepared: 1,4,9,12‐tetraoxacyclohexadecane‐5,8,13,16‐tetrone (1); 1,4,7,10,15,18‐hexaoxacyclodocosane‐11,14,19,22‐tetrone (2); 1,4‐dioxa‐9,12‐diazacyclohexadecane‐5,8,13,16‐tetrone (3); 1,4,7‐trioxa‐12,15‐diazacyclonoadecane‐8,11,16,19‐tetrone (4); 1,4,7,10‐tetraoxa‐15,18‐diazacyclodocosane‐11,14,19,22‐tetrone (5); 4‐benzyl‐1,7,12,15‐tetraoxa‐4‐azacyclonona‐decane‐8,11,16,19‐tetrone (6); 1,4,7,12,15,18‐hexaoxacyclodocosa‐9,20‐diene‐8,11,19,22‐tetrone(7); and 9,21‐dimethyl‐1,4,7,12,15,18‐hexaoxacyclodocosa‐9,20‐diene‐8,11,19,22‐tetrone (8) (Figure 1).
Fluorescent derivatives of nucleosides
Authors: Chung Hsiao L. , Žemlička Jiři 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFluorescence spectra of formycin anhydronucleosides 5,6,8 and of N‐dimethylaminomethylene ribonucleosides 1b, 2, 3a‐3c and 4 in aqueous solution at 5‐7 × 10−5 M are reported. Compounds 5 and 6 exhibit a very strong fluorescence emission, ca. 4 and 2 times more intense than that of formycin (1a) accompanied by a bathochromic shift of the emission maximum. Anhydronucleoside 8 also has an increased fluorescence intensity over the parent nucleoside 7. The level of fluorescence emission is lower in 7 and 8 than in 1a, 5 or 6. Introduction of N‐dimethylaminomethylene group into 1a (compound 1b) caused a decrease in the fluorescence intensity relative to 1a but a bathochromic shift of the emission maximum. In other instances (compounds 2, 3a‐3c, 4) the introduction of N‐dimethylaminomethylene group led also to fluorescent derivatives. This effect is most pronounced with 2, whereas the fluorescence intensity of the rest of the group (3a‐3c and 4) is much lower. Compounds 3c and 4 exhibit, however, a profound bathochromic shift in the fluorescence emission maximum relative to 2, 3a or 3b. A possible relationship of the fluorescence emission to the base conformation in formycin and potential use of N‐dimethylaminomethylene nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives as fluorescent probes are discussed. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 14, 135 (1977).
4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐pieohne
Authors: Markovac Anica , Patel Ambalal R. , MontagneLa Maurice P. , Ash Arthur B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe preparation of 4‐(3‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐pieoline (3) was accomplished in one step by the Zecher‐Krohnke ring‐closure reaction. Compound 3 is the starling material for 2‐lormyl‐4‐(3‐arninophenyl)pyridine thiosemicarbazone (4‐APPT), a promising antineoplastie agent.
Some 4‐quinazolinones
Authors: Mendel A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe acid catalyzed reaction of anthranilamide with benzoin was studied under two conditions. Condensation at 150° gave known J plus unexpected quinazolinone H. In refluxing benzene (azeolropic water removal), the reactants yielded imine III. The acid catalyzed and uncatalyzed 150° reaction of III was examined by both ir and tlc. Both benzoic acid and II were formed in each case. Triethyl ortholormate with I gave quinazolinone IV while this ester with III formed II, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid.
First isolation of 5‐antino‐1 ‐tosyl‐v‐triazolines from tosyfazide and cyclic i‐aminodienes
Authors: Pocar Donato , Ripamonti Maria Clara , Stradi Riccardo , Trimarco Pasqualina 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBy reacting the cyclic 1‐aminodienes 1a‐b with tosyiazide at low temperature, the corresponding v‐triazolines 2a‐b were obtained. The structure of 2a‐b was assigned on nmr evidence. Compounds 2a‐b are the first examples of isolated 5‐amino‐1‐tosyl‐v‐triazolines. The reversibility of the cycloaddition reaction was demonstrated.
Recherches sur le benzofuranne. LVI. Synthèses dans la série de l'Euparone par acétylation de benzofurannes acétylés et méthoxylés sur l'homocycle
Authors: Clavel Jean‐Marc , Cuillaumel Jean , Demerseman Pierre , Royer René 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLes dérivés acétylés et méthoxylés sur l'homocycle de benzofurannes non substitués sur rhétéroeycle peuvent ětre acétylés soil sur l'homocycle, soit sur l'hétérocycle, avec ou sans déméthylation selon les eas. On forme ainsi, avec des rendements satisfaisants, une série de nouveaux isomères de l'Euparone (diacétyl‐2,5 hydroxy‐6 benzofuranne) et de l'éther méthylique correspondant.
Carbon‐13 magnetic resonance spectra of the tropane alkaloids: Cocaine and atropine
Authors: Stenberg Virgil I. , Narain N. K. , Singh S. P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractComplete Carbon‐13 magnetic resonance spectral assignments of cocaine and atropine were made.13C Nmr spectra of atropine provides an interesting example of long range coupling on chemical shifts.
Indolizine derivatives. VII. indolizines via cyclizations of 2‐(2‐Pyridyl)methylene‐1,3‐diketones and −1,3‐Keto esters
Authors: Pohjala Esko K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 3‐(2‐pyridyl)methylene‐2,4‐pentanedione with acetic anhydride gives at 60° 1‐(1‐acetoxy‐3‐methyl‐2‐indolizinyl)ethanone (3a) or, in the presence of 2,4‐pentanedione, 3‐(2‐acetyl‐3‐methyl‐7‐indolizinyI)‐2,4‐pentanedione (7a) in good yield. In refluxing acetic anhydride, 1‐(3‐methyl‐2‐indolizinyl)ethanone (4a) is the main product. In refluxing dimethyl sulfoxide the cycloaddition product, 3‐[2‐acetyl‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐l‐indolizinyl)]‐2,4‐pentanedione (6), is obtained. Ethyl 2‐(2‐pyridyl)methylene‐3‐oxobutanoate and ethyl 2‐(2‐pyridyl)methylene‐3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropanoate behave analogously. The stereochemistry of the keto esters has a marked influence on the course of cyclization. The mechanisms are discussed.
Synthesis of derivatives of the new heterocyclic systems benz[f] imidazo [2,1 ‐a ] isoquinoline and benz [f] pyrimido [2,1 ‐a] isoquinoline
Authors: Avellana C. , Gómez‐Parra V. , Madroñero R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of several derivatives of benz [f] imidazo [2,1 ‐a] isoquinoline and benz [f] pyrimido‐[2,l‐a]isoquinoline, both new heterocyclic structures, is described.