bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spousal bereavement and four‐year trajectories of medication use: A nationwide register‐based study in Swedish older adults
Authors: Maura Géric , Blotière Pierre‐Olivier , Wastesson Jonas W. , Johnell Kristina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedication use around widowhood has been poorly described for most medication classes. Medication use patterns can reflect health consequences of spousal loss, as previously shown for psychotropic drugs.MethodsWe used data from nationwide health registers (2008–2020) to describe the patterns of use of dispensed medications in all widowed Swedes aged ≥65 years followed between 2 years before and 2 years after spousal death. All prescription drugs used by at least 5% of the cohort were considered according to their therapeutic subgroups (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical [ATC] classification system 2nd level). We used group‐based trajectory models to cluster widowed individuals into up to 4 distinct longitudinal patterns of monthly medication use. We ranked the therapeutic subgroups with similar patterns according to their plausibility to reflect potential health effects of spousal loss, compared to those of psycholeptics (mainly anxiolytics, hypnotics) and psychoanaleptics (mainly antidepressants) as the references.ResultsFrom 212,111 widowed adults included (68% female and 70% aged ≥75 years), we observed a significant increasing trend in medication use, especially after spousal death, for 21 out of the 39 different therapeutic subgroups that were used by at least 5% (most represented pharmacological groups: cardiovascular system, nervous system, and alimentary tract and metabolism). This increasing trend often concerned only a small proportion of individuals, with varying magnitude and speed of change in medication use across therapeutic subgroups. The patterns of use of antiepileptics, laxatives, skin emollients/protectives, analgesics, and drugs for anemia, constipation, or peptic ulcers, were the closest to those of references, displaying the largest changes in use, and were therefore ranked as the most likely to reflect health effects of spousal loss.ConclusionOur results confirmed the increase in psychotropic medications' use in widowed older adults and identified several potential physical health effects of spousal loss that warrant further research.
Care cascades following low‐value cervical cancer screening in dually enrolled Veterans
Authors: Pickering Aimee N. , Zhao Xinhua , Sileanu Florentina E. , Lovelace Elijah Z. , Rose Liam , Schwartz Aaron L. , Hale Jennifer A. , Schleiden Loren J. , Gellad Walid F. , Fine Michael J. , Thorpe Carolyn T. , Radomski Thomas R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundVeterans dually enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) and Medicare commonly experience downstream services as part of a care cascade after an initial low‐value service. Our objective was to characterize the frequency and cost of low‐value cervical cancer screening and subsequent care cascades among Veterans dually enrolled in VA and Medicare.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used VA and Medicare administrative data from fiscal years 2015 to 2019. The study cohort was comprised of female Veterans aged >65 years and at low risk of cervical cancer who were dually enrolled in VA and Medicare. Within this cohort, we compared differences in the rates and costs of cascade services related to low‐value cervical cancer screening for Veterans who received and did not receive screening in FY2018, adjusting for baseline patient‐ and facility‐level covariates using inverse probability of treatment weighting.ResultsAmong 20,972 cohort‐eligible Veterans, 494 (2.4%) underwent low‐value cervical cancer screening with 301 (60.9%) initial screens occurring in VA and 193 (39%) occurring in Medicare. Veterans who were screened experienced an additional 26.7 (95% CI, 16.4–37.0) cascade services per 100 Veterans compared to those who were not screened, contributing to $2919.4 (95% CI, −265 to 6104.7) per 100 Veterans in excess costs. Care cascades consisted predominantly of subsequent cervical cancer screening procedures and related outpatient visits with low rates of invasive procedures and occurred in both VA and Medicare.ConclusionsVeterans dually enrolled in VA and Medicare commonly receive related downstream tests and visits as part of care cascades following low‐value cervical cancer screening. Our findings demonstrate that to fully capture the extent to which individuals are subject to low‐value care, it is important to examine downstream care stemming from initial low‐value services across all systems from which individuals receive care.
Antibody engagement with amyloid‐beta does not inhibit [11C]PiB binding for PET imaging
Authors: Xiong Mengfei , Dahlén Amelia , Roshanbin Sahar , Wik Elin , Aguilar Ximena , Eriksson Jonas , Sehlin Dag , Syvänen Stina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe elimination of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease patients after treatment with anti‐Aβ antibodies such as lecanemab and aducanumab is supported by a substantially decreased signal in amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. However, this decreased PET signal has not been matched by a similar substantial effect on cognitive function. There may be several reasons for this, including short treatment duration and advanced disease stages among the patients. However, one aspect that has not been investigated, and the subject of this study, is whether antibody engagement with amyloid plaques inhibits the binding of amyloid‐PET ligands, leading to a false impression of Aβ removal from the brain. In the present study, tg‐ArcSwe mice received three injections of RmAb158, the murine version of lecanemab or phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) before the administration of the amyloid‐PET radioligand [11C]PiB, followed by isolation of brain tissue. Autoradiography showed that RmAb158‐ and PBS‐treated mice displayed similar [11C]PiB binding. Moreover, the total Aβ1–40 levels, representing the major Aβ species of plaques in the tg‐ArcSwe model, as well as soluble triggering receptor on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) levels, were similar in both groups. Interestingly, the concentration of soluble Aβ aggregates was decreased in the RmAb158‐treated group, along with a small but significant decrease in the total Aβ1–42 levels. In conclusion, this study indicates that the binding of [11C]PiB to Aβ accurately mirrors the load of Aβ plaques in the brain, aligning with how amyloid‐PET is interpreted in clinical studies of anti‐Aβ antibodies. However, early treatment effects on soluble Aβ aggregates and Aβ1–42 levels were not detected.image
Quantitative morphological analysis framework of infant cranial sutures and fontanelles based on CT images
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Kleiven Svein , Thiblin Ingemar , Li Xiaogai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCharacterizing the suture morphological variation is a crucial step to investigate the influence of sutures on infant head biomechanics. This study aimed to establish a comprehensive quantitative framework for accurately capturing the cranial suture and fontanelle morphologies in infants. A total of 69 CT scans of 2–4 month‐old infant heads were segmented to identify semilandmarks at the borders of cranial sutures and fontanelles. Morphological characteristics, including length, width, sinuosity index (SI), and surface area, were measured. For this, an automatic method was developed to determine the junction points between sutures and fontanelles, and thin‐plate‐spline (TPS) was utilized for area calculation. Different dimensionality reduction methods were compared, including nonlinear and linear principal component analysis (PCA), as well as deep‐learning‐based variational autoencoder (VAE). Finally, the significance of various covariates was analyzed, and regression analysis was performed to establish a statistical model relating morphological parameters with global parameters. This study successfully developed a quantitative morphological framework and demonstrate its application in quantifying morphologies of infant sutures and fontanelles, which were shown to significantly relate to global parameters of cranial size, suture SI, and surface area for infants aged 2–4 months. The developed framework proved to be reliable and applicable in extracting infant suture morphology features from CT scans. The demonstrated application highlighted its potential to provide valuable insights into the morphologies of infant cranial sutures and fontanelles, aiding in the diagnosis of suture‐related skull fractures. Infant suture, Infant fontanelle, Morphological variation, Morphology analysis framework, Statistical model.
311 calls and neighborhood attributes: A panel study of housing prices
Authors: Zhang Sumei , Li Yanmei , Boamah Emmanuel Frimpong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article aims to incorporate social relations into panel hedonic price modeling analyses, examining how the social conditions of neighborhoods are integrated into local housing markets. To achieve this, we utilize Jefferson County, Kentucky, as a case study and decompose publicly available 311 data, which consist of nonemergency concerns and requests reported by residents, into subcategories to proxy the diverse aspects of social relations. Our findings reveal several key insights: (1) 311 data are characterized by their complexity and encompass a wide range of inputs from residents, necessitating careful interpretation; (2) the overall number of 311 reports may offer limited utility in disclosing social relations; (3) specific categories of 311 reports pertaining to public domain issues hold potential as indicators of social relations. Reports on incivilities, for instance, can serve as proxies for conflicting social relations and exhibit negative impacts on housing prices. Conversely, reports on natural deterioration, environmental concerns, and planning issues demonstrate positive impacts on housing prices, suggesting their utility as indicators for social capital within housing studies.
Hand in hand: Consuming symbols, language and identity in post‐ETA Basque society
Authors: Aguirresarobe Asier H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the evolution of ethnic symbol consumption in the Basque Country following the end of ETA's violent activities in 2011. It delves into the shifting political and cultural context of the Basque provinces during this period, underscoring the impact that terrorism and its cessation have had on creating distinct patterns of cultural consumption. The focus then turns towards the case of the ‘Hand of Irulegi’, an Iron Age relic discovered in 2022 that allegedly contains the oldest inscription in an ancestor of Euskera—the Basque language. The paper argues that the rapid adoption of the Hand of Irulegi by Basque society as an ethnic symbol is directly related to transformations in the conception of Basque identity in the aftermath of ETA's dissolution. These transformations include, mainly, the intentional forgetting of recent historical events by a large segment of Basque citizens and the emergence of Euskera as the main fulcrum of contemporary Basque cultural identity. The Hand, due to its chronological remoteness and its exclusive association with the Basque language, seems to be custom‐made to serve as a symbol for this new type of identification.
Phyllosphere fungal diversity generates pervasive nonadditive effects on plant performance
Authors: Almeida Brianna K. , Tran Elan H. , Afkhami Michelle E. 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Plants naturally harbor diverse microbiomes that can dramatically impact their health and productivity. However, it remains unclear how fungal microbiome diversity, especially in the phyllosphere, impacts intermicrobial interactions and consequent nonadditive effects on plant productivity.

Combining manipulative experiments, field collections, culturing, microbiome sequencing, and synthetic consortia, we experimentally tested for the first time how foliar fungal community diversity impacts plant productivity. We inoculated morning glories (Ipomoea hederifolia L.) with 32 phyllosphere consortia of either low or high diversity or with single fungal taxa, and measured effects on plant productivity and allocation.

We found the following: (1) nonadditive effects were pervasive with 56% of fungal consortia interacting synergistically or antagonistically to impact plant productivity, including some consortia capable of generating acute synergism (e.g. > 1000% increase in productivity above the additive expectation), (2) interactions among ‘commensal’ fungi were responsible for this nonadditivity in diverse consortia, (3) synergistic interactions were approximately four times stronger than antagonistic effects, (4) fungal diversity affected the magnitude but not frequency or direction of nonadditivity, and (5) diversity affected plant performance nonlinearly with the highest performance in low‐diversity treatments.

These findings highlight the importance of interpreting plant–microbiome interactions under a framework that incorporates intermicrobial interactions and nonadditive outcomes to understand natural complexity.
Political psychology and the study of LGBTQI+ groups, politics, and policy: Existing research and future directions
Authors: Flores Andrew , Strode Dakota , Haider‐Markel Donald P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSocial science interest in LGBTQI+ politics and policy has grown in the 21st century. Likewise, the political opportunity structure for LGBTQI+ activists has changed significantly, with historical expansions of legal protections only to be followed by the current period of backlash and retrenchment. In this article, we outline existing and potential research in LGBTQI+ politics and policy employing theoretical perspectives from political psychology. Promising advances in the study of LGBTQI+ politics and policy draw on framework and theories grounded in social and political psychology. Nevertheless, we also identify several significant gaps in the literature including the lack of focus on intersectional perspectives, subpopulations such as intersex people and those born with differences in sexual development, and the psychology of LGBTQI+ people and its relevance for their political attitudes and behavior.
Impact and timing of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients undergoing bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves: A multicentre randomized controlled trial in patients with severe emphysema
Authors: van der Molen Marieke C. , Posthuma Rein , Hartman Jorine E. , van der Vaart Hester , bij de Vaate Eline , Vaes Anouk W. , van den Borst Bram , van Ranst Dirk , Spruit Martijn A. , Vanfleteren Lowie E. G. W. , Slebos Dirk‐Jan ,   the SoLVE consortium group
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBoth bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with endobronchial valves (BLVR‐EBV) and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) are effective treatments for improving exercise capacity and patient‐reported outcomes in patients with severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). According to current recommendations, all BLVR‐EBV patients should have undergone PR first. Our aim was to study the effects of PR both before and after BLVR‐EBV compared to BLVR‐EBV alone.MethodsWe included patients with severe COPD who were eligible for BLVR‐EBV and PR. Participants were randomized into three groups: PR before BLVR‐EBV, PR after BLVR‐EBV or BLVR‐EBV without PR. The primary outcome was change in constant work rate cycle test (CWRT) endurance time at 6‐month follow‐up of the PR groups compared to BLVR‐EBV alone. Secondary endpoints included changes in 6‐minute walking test, daily step count, dyspnoea and health‐related quality of life.ResultsNinety‐seven participants were included. At 6‐month follow‐up, there was no difference in change in CWRT endurance time between the PR before BLVR‐EBV and BLVR‐EBV alone groups (median: 421 [IQR: 44; 1304] vs. 787 [123; 1024] seconds, p = 0.82) or in any of the secondary endpoints, but the PR after BLVR‐EBV group exhibited a smaller improvement in CWRT endurance time (median: 107 [IQR: 2; 573], p = 0.04) and health‐related quality of life compared to BLVR‐EBV alone.ConclusionThe addition of PR to BLVR‐EBV did not result in increased exercise capacity, daily step count or improved patient‐reported outcomes compared to BLVR‐EBV alone, neither when PR was administered before BLVR‐EBV nor when PR was administered after BLVR‐EBV.
Effects of two types of surface treatments on the structural elasticity of human fingernails
Authors: Tohmyoh Hironori , Abukawa Masaru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe human nail has a three‐layered structure. Although it would be useful to quantitatively evaluate the changes in deformability of the nail due to various surface treatments, few studies have been conducted.MethodsThe effects of two types of surface treatment—a chemically acting nail softener and a physically acting nail strengthener—on the deformability of human fingernails were investigated. The Young's modulus of each plate of the nail samples before and after softening treatment was determined by nanoindentation. The Young's modulus of the strengthener was determined by conducting a three‐point bending test on a polyethylene sheet coated with the strengthener.ResultsYoung's modulus decreased in order from the top plate against the softening treatment time, and the structural elasticity for bending deformation (SEB) of the nail sample, which expresses the deformability against bending deformation independent of its external dimensions, decreased to 60% after 6 h of treatment. The Young's modulus of the nail strengthener was 244.5 MPa, which is less than 10% of the SEB of the nail. When the nail strengthener was applied to the nail surface, the SEB decreased to 73%, whereas the flexural rigidity increased to 117%.ConclusionChanges in nail deformability caused by various surface treatments for softening and hardening were quantitatively evaluated successfully.
Soil characteristics and management system influence weed–crop competition
Authors: Baraibar Bàrbara , Knudsen Clàudia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe resource pool diversity hypothesis (RPDH) posits that organic systems that include diverse crop rotations, green manure and organic fertilizers have a greater diversity of resource pools that can alleviate weed–crop competition compared to conventional systems. To test the RPDH, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and wild oats (Avena sterilis) in winter, and maize (Zea mays) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in summer, were grown in pots in soils from organic (ORG) and conventional (CONV) fields, with contrasting number of estimated resource pools. A replacement series design with proportions of crop: weed of 0:1, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25 and 1:0 was used. Half of the pots received an organic‐mineral fertilizer (F) and the other half did not (NF). Aerial biomass of all plants was measured. Relative Crowding Coefficient (RCC) and the product of RCC (RCCP) for each crop and weed biomass were estimated by modelling the biomass across crop: weed proportions. RCCP larger than one was used as an indicator of overyielding. In the winter experiment, wheat always outcompeted wild oats and we did not detect overyielding across fields with different number of pools, system or fertilizer. In the summer experiment, we found overyielding in ORG NF fields. Functionally different species like maize and Palmer amaranth may have been extracting nutrients from diverse pools in organic NF fields whereas with the addition of fertilizer, Palmer amaranth outcompeted maize. Biomass of monoculture crop and weed in both experiments were positively correlated with number of estimated pools, even if none of the competition indexes were. Our results provide some support for the RPHD in species that are functionally different but also question the definition and nature of the nutrient pools, as well as emphasize the need for more research in the area.
Examen legislativo a los intermediarios de seguros y su régimen de responsabilidad en Colombia: ¿complementar las normas vigentes o fomentar su conocimiento y promover su cumplimiento?
Authors: Coronado Sabogal Diego Alejandro 
Published: May 2024

Un examen al estado actual de la legislación colombiana sobre los intermediarios de seguros y su régimen de responsabilidad civil, cuestionándose si resulta más beneficioso para el consumidor financiero complementar las normas vigentes a fin de lograr un marco normativo integral, o fomentar el conocimiento y cumplimiento de las regulaciones existentes sobre la materia. El autor evalúa imprecisiones y vacíos en las leyes vigentes al definir cada tipo de intermediario, su objeto social, su naturaleza jurídica y su régimen de responsabilidad.
Analysis, Simulation, and Experiments of Dynamics and Control of a Hydrostatic Wind Turbine Under Partial Load
Authors: Leinberger Mark , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Stelson Kim A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
K ω 2 control, also called torque control, is a popular method for maximizing wind turbine power. For hydrostatic wind turbines, torque control becomes pressure control with pc = K′ω2 because pressure is proportional to torque. Inverse Kω2 control is an alternative approach using rotor speed control with ωc = (p/K′)1/2. This work analyzes the dynamics of hydrostatic wind turbines using forward and inverse Kω2 control with P-, proportional derivative, proportional integral, and proportional integral derivative-control for feedback. Dimensionless, linearized models are used. Analysis shows that the mechanical rotor dynamics are much slower than the hydrostatic transmission dynamics and that frictional and leakage losses are negligible. Linear perturbation of the nonlinear model reveals that the closed-loop control is not in Evan's form so that closed-loop poles and zeros both vary with the loop gain. Pole and zero root locus analysis shows how systems responses change with controller gains. Both control approaches require derivative controller action to sufficiently dampen their responses; both are also fundamentally limited in speed of response by a slow stable pole regardless of controller loop gains. Nonlinear system simulation shows that both control approaches track the maximum power point with nearly identical transient behavior and have nearly identical power losses when using suboptimal values of the control law gain, K. Pressure control has a gain margin of infinity and a phase margin of 99.3 deg, while speed control has a gain margin of 22.4 dB and a phase margin of 73.8 deg showing that pressure control is more robust than speed control. Experiments using the power regenerative hydrostatic test stand at the University of Minnesota show that the control approaches have different transient responses but capture comparable power under steady and turbulent conditions.