bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water Temperature and Prey Size Effects on the Rate of Digestion of Larval and Early Juvenile Fish
Authors: Legler Nicholas D. , Johnson Timothy B. , Heath Daniel D. , Ludsin Stuart A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWhile predation is widely accepted as a major cause of mortality for fish larvae, its extent is largely unknown because few studies have been able to identify larvae in the stomach contents of predatory fish. Rapid digestion rates probably explain why fish larvae are rarely found in stomach contents, yet quantification of digestion rates of fish larvae is generally lacking, especially in freshwater systems. Using a series of laboratory experiments, we quantified the effects of temperature and larval fish (prey) size on digestion rate. We also evaluated whether species type (both predator and prey) influences digestion rate and described the morphological breakdown of fish larvae during digestion. Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and yellow perch Perca flavescens were force‐fed the larvae of guppies Poecilia spp., rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and yellow perch at a range of temperatures (7–22°C), and digestion rates were measured using prey mass before and after digestion (i.e., proportional loss of prey mass after ingestion). As expected, digestion rates increased with water temperature and decreased with prey body mass but were unaffected by species of predator. A confounding effect of prey type (fresh versus frozen) prevented a thorough evaluation of prey species, although yellow perch and rainbow trout (both previously flash‐frozen) were digested at similar rates. The complete breakdown of larvae in predator stomachs and the loss of morphological characters needed to identify larvae occurred rapidly, confirming the challenges of evaluating predation mortality based on stomach contents of field‐collected predators. Ultimately, our findings can be used to help researchers quantify the likelihood of detecting larval fish in the stomachs of field‐caught predators when using conventional stomach content analyses.
The Efficiency of a New Polishing Material: Nanotechnology Liquid Polish
Authors: Atabek D. , Sillelioglu H. , Ölmez A. 
Published: May 2010

Clinical Relevance
It is well known that the esthetic properties and clinical stability of resin composites are increased by finishing and polishing procedures. However, there is still a question of which techniques or materials should be preferred. The use of nanotechnology may be the best way of creating more esthetic composite restorations.
‘Rising Strongly and Rapidly’: The Universal Negro Improvement Association in Canada, 1919–1940
Authors: Marano Carla 
Published: May 2010

Abstract: Led by Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey, the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) spanned the globe and enticed its followers with the dream of an independent black nation in Africa. The UNIA has been portrayed largely as an American and/or Caribbean phenomenon. Yet from 1919 to 1940, the UNIA played a central role in the lives of many blacks in Canada, especially West Indian immigrants. West Indian immigrants comprised the vast majority of UNIA members in Canada, and they used this organization as an outlet to create and express a unique ethno-racial identity. Distinctive commonalities among the West Indians, including high literacy rates, experience in trade unions, and a strong pan-African consciousness made them more likely to join the UNIA than African American immigrants and native-born Black Canadians. These shared traits became part of the fabric of a distinct West Indian identity, which they asserted as leaders, organizers, and participants in the UNIA.
Fireworks, Folk-dancing, and Fostering a National Identity: The Politics of Canada Day
Authors: Hayday Matthew 
Published: May 2010

Abstract: Since 1958, the Canadian government has used the celebration of 1 July to promote particular models of national identity and to foster national unity. Commemorating the anniversary of Confederation, these Dominion Day and Canada Day (as renamed in 1982) observances changed over the decades to reflect changing government public policy objectives and new conceptions of the nation. From a celebration rooted in military pageantry stressing Canada's British heritage, these events were modified to promote a vision of a multicultural, bilingual country with a strong Aboriginal component. Moreover, Canada Day messages increasingly stressed the themes of individual achievement and respect for diversity. Although politicians played roles in determining the form and content of these events, and public response influenced which components were maintained, bureaucrats working in the Secretary of State department exercised a particularly strong influence on these celebrations, providing institutional continuity and expertise to planning efforts. These celebrations provide a key window into understanding the Canadian government's evolving cultural and national identity policies in the post–Second World War era.
Analysis and design of networked control systems using the additive noise model methodology
Authors: Goodwin Graham C. , Silva Eduardo I. , Quevedo Daniel E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNetworked Control has emerged in recent years as a new and exciting area in systems science. The topic has many potential applications in diverse areas ranging from control of microrobots to biological and economic systems. The supporting theory is very rich and combines aspects of control, signal processing, telecommunications, and information theory. In this paper, we give a partial overview of recent developments in Networked Control with an emphasis on the additive noise model methodology. We also point to several open problems in this emerging area.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
On the optimality of two‐stage Kalman filtering for systems with unknown inputs
Authors: Hsieh Chien‐Shu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the optimal solution of two‐stage Kalman filtering for linear discrete‐time stochastic time‐varying systems with unknown inputs affecting both the system state and the outputs. By means of a newly‐presented modified unbiased minimum‐variance filter (MUMVF), which appears to be the optimal solution to the addressed problem, the optimality of two‐stage Kalman filtering for systems with unknown inputs is defined and explored. Two extended versions of the previously proposed robust two‐stage Kalman filter (RTSKF), augmented‐unknown‐input RTSKF (ARTSKF) and decoupled‐unknown‐input RTSKF (DRTSKF), are presented to solve the general unknown input filtering problem. It is shown that under less restricted conditions, the proposed ARTSKF and DRTSKF are equivalent to the corresponding MUMVFs. An example is given to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Study on adsorption characteristic of macroporous resin to phenol in wastewater
Authors: Chao Li , Hong Zhong , Li Zhou , Gang Zhao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe removal of phenol from solution was investigated using macroporous resin. The effects of initial concentration, pH, and temperature on phenol removal were studied. The experimental results indicated that the adsorption capacity reached equilibrium state within 20 min and adsorption followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Langmuir isotherm model could be better to describe the isothermal adsorption of phenol, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) and Langmuir constant (KL) were 103.64 mg/g and 0.2719. Macroporous resin after reached to saturation has a high desorption percentage, indicating that H‐103 is an excellent reusing adsorption material. It provided theoretical references for practical application in phenolic wastewater treatment.
Evaluation of the half‐power bandwidth method to estimate damping in systems without real modes
Authors: Olmos Bertha A. , Roesset Jose M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe objective of this work was to assess the significance of the values of damping obtained applying the half‐power bandwidth method to the frequency response records of the steady‐state response of a system that does not possess real modes either because the damping matrix does not satisfy the orthogonality condition or because its parameters are functions of frequency. A multi‐degree of freedom system with real modes and different types of damping is considered first. A two degree of freedom system with an arbitrary damping matrix, a rigid mass on an elastic foundation subjected to vertical and coupled horizontal/rocking vibrations, and a single degree of freedom model of a building accounting for inertial soil structure interaction effects are considered next in more detail. The results show that the predictions of the method, when applicable compare very well with those provided by approximate formulae and procedures used in practice. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic behavior of ductile rectangular composite bridge piers
Authors: Chen S. J. , Yang K. C. , Lin K. M. , Wang C. D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe seismic resistance characteristics of a newly developed composite bridge pier system are examined via a series of experimental studies. In this innovative bridge pier system, the shear strength is provided by the steel tube and the concrete confined by the steel tube. No transverse shear reinforcement is used in this system. Axial and flexural strengths of the bridge pier are exerted by the longitudinal reinforcements and the concrete. A gap between the end of steel tube and the reinforced concrete foundation contributes to the steel tube providing shear resistance only without sharing the flexural moment. From the experimental results of this study, it is found that the flexural strength of the proposed composite bridge pier can be predicted accurately by the conventional method that was used in the reinforced concrete structures. Shear strength of the composite bridge pier can be obtained by summing up shear strengths of the concrete and the steel tube. Excellent deformation capacities are also found from the experimental studies. The proposed composite bridge pier system not only simplifies the construction work greatly, but also provides superior seismic resistance as compared with that of the conventional method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Occurrence and geochemistry of metamafic rocks from the Forquilha Eclogite Zone, central Ceará (NE Brazil): geodynamic implications
Authors: Amaral Wagner Da Silva , Santos Ticiano José Saraiva , Wernick Eberhard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn the northern region of the Borborema Province, a 30 km‐long mafic/ultramafic belt of high pressure (HP) rocks called the Forquilha Eclogite Zone has been recently discovered in the Central Domain of Ceará State. The belt comprises three groups of rocks: (1) garnet amphibolites, (2) retrograded eclogites and (3) clinopyroxene–garnet amphibolites, all of them being hosted in garnet ± kyanite + sillimanite schists and orthogneisses which are often migmatized. The geochemical analyses of 30 representative samples confirm differences among the three groups that were initially classified by petrography. The garnet amphibolites are the most depleted rocks, with relatively flat rare earth element (REE)PM pattern and (SPIDER)PM pattern with negative Rb, Th, Nb, Sr and Zr anomalies. It is the most fractionated group, ranging from picrobasalts to andesites. Fractional crystallization and mineral accumulation are indicated by Eu and Sr anomalies. The data show geochemical affinities with island‐arc basalts. The retrograded eclogites display flat (REE)PM, but without Eu anomalies. Nb/La ratios are low and variable, as for slightly enriched MORB from ocean floor or intra‐oceanic back‐arc environments. However, a genetic link with the Group 1 rocks cannot be completely discarded. The clinopyroxene–garnet amphibolites are the most enriched group. (REE)PM and (SPIDER)PM patterns show many features of alkaline basalts. In the Nb/Yb versus Th/Yb diagram the data cluster near the E‐MORB standard. Several geochemical aspects of these rocks fit well those from the HP/UHP Pan‐African/Brasiliano Suture Zone in the Dahomeyides/Hoggar regions of West Africa. However, differences in their extent and lack of alignment preclude a direct correlation among these zones. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—Professor John R. Jones memorial lectures, Monday, June 15, 2009
Authors: Hesk David 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe first Session of the Conference was dedicated to the memory of Professor John R. Jones. Labelling with Deuterium and Tritium was the common theme. William J.S. Lockley, Frank Tang and Shuiyu Lu gave presentations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—WBA–new methods and applications and WBA–instrumentation and regulatory, Sessions 5 & 6: Monday, June 15, 2009
Authors: Schweitzer Alain , Waddell William 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPredicting human radiation Dosimetry for clinical radiolabelled drug development studies was discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—applications of isotopes in pharmacology, clinical and medical research Session 16, Wednesday, June 17, 2009
Authors: Elmore Chad , Maxwell Brad 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDiverse topics, with a central theme are discussed. On the one hand, the preparation of an anti‐epidermal growth factor MAB, labelled with 177Lu is detailed. In addition, traditional syntheses of isotopically labelled small molecules are also highlighted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
10th international symposium on the synthesis and applications of isotopes and isotopically labelled compounds—synthesis of compounds labelled with long‐lived isotopes Session 17, Thursday, June 18, 2009
Authors: Cable Karl , Easter John 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis session is a continuation of Session 1. A number of methods detailing the synthesis of tritiated compounds as well as a discussion on the handling of tritium on a multi‐Curie scale are presented. In addition, the descriptions of a number of preparations of individual isotopically labelled compounds are detailed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sub‐picosecond Raman spectrometer for time‐resolved studies of structural dynamics in heme proteins
Authors: Kruglik Sergei G. , Lambry Jean‐Christophe , Martin Jean‐Louis , Vos Marten H. , Negrerie Michel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe a pump–probe Raman spectrometer based on a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser, an optical parametric generator and two optical parametric amplifiers for time‐resolved studies, with emphasis on the structural dynamics in heme proteins. The system provides a 100‐fs pump pulse tunable in the range 500–600 nm and a transform‐limited sub‐picosecond probe pulse tunable in the range 390–450 nm. The spectrometer has spectral (25 cm−1) and temporal (∼0.7 ps) resolutions which constitute an effective compromise for identifying transient heme protein species and for following their structural evolution by spontaneous Raman scattering in the time range 0.5 ps to 2 ns. This apparatus was applied to time‐resolved studies of a broad range of heme proteins, monitoring the primary dynamics of photoinduced heme coordination state and structural changes, its interaction with protein side‐chains and diatomic gaseous ligands, as well as heme vibrational cooling. The treatment of transient Raman spectra is described in detail, and the advantages and shortcomings of spontaneous resonance Raman spectroscopy for ultrafast heme proteins studies are discussed. We demonstrate the efficiency of the constructed spectrometer by measuring Raman spectra in the sub‐picosecond and picosecond time ranges for the oxygen‐storage heme protein myoglobin and for the oxygen‐sensor heme protein FixLH in interaction with the diatomic gaseous ligands CO, NO, and O2. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated algorithm for baseline subtraction in spectra
Authors: Rowlands Christopher , Elliott Stephen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA method for the automatic removal of a baseline in various types of spectra is proposed. The local values of the second derivative are used to distinguish between peaks and background, and the algorithm requires no user input. The performance is arguably better than all others tested in low‐noise environments with varying baseline intensities, and comparable with the best routines in the case of spectra with a low signal‐to‐noise ratio. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A joint use of Raman and infrared spectroscopies for the identification of natural organic media used in ancient varnishes
Authors: Daher Céline , Paris Céline , Le Hô Anne‐Solenn , Bellot‐Gurlet Ludovic , Échard Jean‐Philippe 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVarious natural organic film‐making media from several chemical families have been used as varnishes. An improvement in the identification of these materials by a combination of Raman and infrared spectroscopies is presented here. Fourteen unaged reference samples representative of resins, glues, gums and oils were analyzed. FT‐Raman and infrared spectra were all compared in order to discriminate the different classes of organic media by considering their spectroscopic features. It led to a flowchart for material discrimination based on simple, notable and specific criteria. It appears that the different families (gums, glues, oils and resins) and subfamilies (di/triterpenoids resins) are easily differentiated thanks to their specific structural composition. However, differentiating between compounds from a same subgroup, for example diterpenoid resins, could be ambiguous because the spectra depend on the sample aspect, age and degradations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐shot CARS thermometry of high‐pressure hydrocarbon flames using simultaneous intensity and linewidth measurements
Authors: Vereschagin K. A. , Smirnov V. V. , Stel'makh O. M. , Fabelinsky V. I. , Clauss W. , Oschwald M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate the feasibility of single laser shot coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering thermometry with simultaneous measurement of intensities of hydrogen Q‐branch lines and their linewidths in a pulsed CH4/O2 combustion chamber operating at 20 MPa pressure and 3000 K temperature—parameters that are typical for full‐scale rocket engines. The measurements were done by means of a spectrograph combined with an interferometer having orthogonal directions of dispersions. This approach allows correct temperature evaluation that takes into account the directly measured linewidths. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enthesopathies and activity patterns in the Early Medieval Great Moravian population: Evidence of division of labour
Authors: Havelková P. , Villotte S. , Velemínský P. , Poláček L. , Dobisíková M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBone remodelling in the areas of entheses is frequently supposed to be associated with physical stress and the activity patterns of ancient populations. The main aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of enthesopathies among individuals living in different life conditions. A total of 197 individuals from the Early Medieval (9th century) Mikulčice site were analysed for enthesopathies ‐ 117 adult individuals from Mikulčice castle and 80 individuals from its hinterland. While the inhabitants of the castle were probably ranked among the higher echelons of society, the hinterland was predominantly inhabited by a farming population. It is hypothesized that individuals from the castle were exposed to lower physical stress than individuals from the hinterland. 9 fibrocartilaginous entheses of the upper and lower limbs were evaluated. Enthesopathies occurred in at least one enthesis in 76% of individuals younger than 50 years of age. Significant differences were observed in the occurrence of enthesopathies between castle and hinterland. Males from the agricultural hinterland show the highest prevalence of enthesopathies of all the population groups, while the lowest prevalence of the marker was recorded in males from the castle. Females in the castle were more affected by entheseal changes than females from the hinterland. Sexual dimorphism was more evident in the hinterland. The present study confirmed presumptions based on the archaeological finds, especially for males. This hypothesis cannot be accepted for females. We may suppose that in the 9th century, women living in Mikulčice castle did not represent a privileged social class. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spondylolysis and lifestyle among prehistoric coastal groups from Brazil
Authors: Lessa A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSouthern Brazilian prehistoric coastal series were examined for the presence of spondylolysis. All defects occurred at the pars interarticularis, most at L5 (51%), with the vast majority bilateral and complete (86.2%). Frequencies decreased from young adulthood (54.2%) through mid‐adulthood (33.3%) to older adulthood (12.5%), suggesting differential mortality among affected individuals. The high overall prevalence (29.6%) demonstrates that these groups experienced a strenuous lifestyle, with activities that required repetitive and vigorous movements of lumbar hyperextension and rotation. Archaeological data provide support to interpret this pattern. Throwing harpoons, rowing and wrestling fishing nets were likely the main activities associated with the defect among men. Continuous loading of weight, including plant resources, mollusks and nursing children, were probably the tasks associated with spondylolysis in women. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dirty teeth and ancient trade: Evidence of cotton fibres in human dental calculus from Late Woodland, Ohio
Authors: Blatt S. H. , Redmond B. G. , Cassman V. , Sciulli P. W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAnalysis of ancient human dental calculus for the presence of inclusions related to diet and dental health has been overlooked in anthropological literature. Small particles of archaeobotanical debris, which would otherwise not be preserved in the archaeological record, can become incorporated into unmineralised plaque on teeth during mastication and oral manipulation. When plaque mineralises into calculus, debris is preserved in situ. Samples of dental calculus (n = 18) were collected from the Danbury site (33OT16) in Ottawa County, Ohio and viewed under a scanning electron microscope for inclusions. Analysis yielded a variety of noticeable inclusions, including mineralised bacteria, calcium‐phosphate crystalline structures and numerous phytoliths. Here we report the first evidence of fibres consistent with cotton (Gossypium spp.) embedded in the dental calculus from the Late Woodland component (900–1100 AD) of the Danbury site. Prehistoric cotton has not been previously documented in Ohio. The distinct morphology of the Danbury cotton and its presence in the Late Woodland component at Danbury suggests long‐distance interaction at a time in Ohio when movement of exotic goods appeared to have diminished. These microscopic remains provide insight into paleoethnobotanical history of ancient Ohioans and attest to how analysis of dental calculus could be used to supplement other paleodietary and archaeological analyses. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.