bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A91: Racial and urban/rural disparities in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer among Medicare beneficiaries in Alabama, 2000–2003
Authors: Steele Conola B. , Pisu Maria , Richardson Lisa C. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Introduction: In 2005, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) incidence and mortality rates in Alabama (77.5 per 100,000 population and 65.0, respectively) exceeded corresponding rates in the U.S. (67.7 and 52.8, respectively). Within Alabama, incidence and mortality vary by race, urban/rural residence, and other demographic characteristics. We examined racial (black versus white) and geographic (urban versus rural residence) differences in stage at diagnosis of NSCLC and treatment received (i.e., surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy) among Medicare beneficiaries in the state.
Methods: We linked Alabama State Cancer Registry data with Medicare claims to identify beneficiaries with NSCLC (either American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stages I–IV or unknown stage) diagnosed in 2000–2003. We examined distributions of NSCLC by race and geography, and applied multivariate logistic regression to compute odds of receiving stage-specific treatment among beneficiaries.
Results: There were 3,929 beneficiaries with NSCLC: 86.7% were white, 13.3% black, 50% resided in the state's 55 rural counties, and 50% in the remaining12 urban counties. Blacks and whites in urban counties had slightly higher proportions of resectable NSCLC (stages I, II, IIIA) (36.2% and 47.2%, respectively) compared with blacks and whites in rural counties (31.2% and 44.2%, respectively). Proportions of unknown stage were higher among blacks and whites in rural counties (38.9% and 29.7%, respectively) compared with blacks and whites in urban counties (24.3% and 21.2%, respectively). Blacks had a 37% lower odds of undergoing surgery than whites (OR, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41–0.96). This racial disparity was greater in rural counties, where the odds of blacks undergoing surgical resection were 52% lower than the odds for whites (OR, 0.48;CI 0.28–0.84). Among black beneficiaries who underwent surgery, those residing in urban counties had higher proportions of receipt of any adjuvant therapy (39.6%) than those in rural counties (19.2%). Among surgically-treated whites, the receipt of any adjuvant therapy was similar in both types of counties (approximately 32%).
Conclusions: Disparities in receipt of treatment for NSCLC in Alabama exist. Future studies should focus on the reasons for these differences, which may be associated with access to health care in different counties, patients' knowledge of and beliefs about available treatment for their cancer, and physicians' attitudes toward treating patients with lung cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A91.
Abstract A95: Socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and clinical correlates of high Gleason score prostate cancer in U.S. veterans
Authors: Cyrus-David Mfon S. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Socioeconomic status has not been consistently associated with prostate cancer outcomes, and the risk factors of aggressive prostate cancer have not been fully characterized. Therefore, I assessed how socioeconomic status and demographic, lifestyle, anthropometric, and clinico-pathological characteristics are associated with low- (i.e. ≤6), intermediate- (i.e. 7), or high-risk (i.e. ≥8) Gleason scores for prostate cancer at diagnosis. As part of the Prostate Cancer Stage Study, a cross-sectional pilot study conducted between 2006 and 2008, I recruited 248 U.S. male veterans (Caucasians, n=137; Latinos, n=18; African American, n=90; unknown, n=3) with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer who lived in Houston, Texas, or its surrounding counties. The subjects were interviewed and anthropometric measurements were taken. Chi-square, analysis of variance, and univariate logistic regression procedures were used to compare subjects with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk Gleason scores by covariates. Patients with low-risk Gleason scores were more likely to have first-degree relatives with prostate cancer (odds ratio [OR], 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–4.24), higher serum prostate-specific antigen levels before treatment (OR, 0.19, 95% CI, 0.10–0.38), and higher T classifications (OR, 0.06, 95% CI, 0.02–0.28). Patients with intermediate-risk Gleason scores were more likely to live in metropolitan counties (OR, 2.36, 95% CI, 1.06–5.22) with median household incomes between $40,000 and $49,999 (OR, 2.14, 95% CI, 1.12–4.09). High-risk patients were more likely to have had body weights greater than or equal to the median (OR, 2.61, 95% CI, 1.20–5.65), and to have been obese (OR, 4.78, 95% CI, 1.28–17.85) when they were 25 years old. They also were more likely have higher serum prostate-specific antigen levels before treatment (OR, 10.9, 95% CI, 4.74–25.18) and higher T classifications (OR, 7.14, 95% CI, 2.87–17.74) compared with other subgroups. They also tended to be current smokers (OR, 2.93, 95% CI, 0.94–9.19) relative to Gleason scores categories, with the patients who never smoked serving as the referent group, although this result was not statistically significant. Finally, in this study population of patients, who were recruited from an equal-access setting, their racial/ethnic backgrounds were not associated with the clinico-pathological features at diagnosis. Therefore, I concluded that preventing obesity in young adults, improving access to, and use of prostate cancer prevention services, especially for men who have a family history, and inner city residents, would be beneficial.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):A95.
Abstract B111: Obesity is associated with worse outcome in colon cancer survivors
Authors: Sinicrope Frank A. , Foster Nathan R. , Sargent Daniel J. , O'Connell Michael J. , Rankin Cathyrn 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. However, the influence of body mass index (BMI) upon the outcome of colon cancer survivors and its relationship to gender remains unknown.
Experimental Design: BMI (kg/m2) was calculated and categorized in patients with TNM stage II and III colon carcinomas (n= 4,381) enrolled in 7 randomized trials of 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine the association of BMI with disease-free and overall survival.
Results: Among colon cancer patients, 868 (20%) were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) of which 606 were class 1 (BMI 30–34 kg/m2) and 262 were class 2,3 (BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Obese versus normal-weight patients were more likely to be younger, have distal tumors, show intact DNA mismatch repair (MMR), and have increased lymph node metastases (p &lt;0.017). The association of BMI and MMR status was dependent upon patient age (p= 0.031). In a multivariate analysis, BMI was significantly associated with both disease-free (p=0.030) and overall survival (p=0.0017). Men with class 2,3 obesity showed reduced overall survival compared to normal weight men [HR 1.35 (1.02, 1.79); p=0.039]. Women with class I obesity had reduced overall survival [HR 1.24 (1.01, 1.53), p=0.045] compared to normal weight women. BMI was not predictive of therapeutic benefit.
Conclusions: Obesity is associated with intact DNA mismatch repair status and was an adverse, independent prognostic variable in colon cancer survivors. Interventions to reduce obesity have the potential to improve patient outcomes in colon cancer survivors.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B111.
Abstract B116: Association between CYP7A1 loci and the risk of proximal colon cancer in the Japanese
Authors: Matsuo Keitaro , Ito Hidemi , Hosono Satoyo , Watanabe Miki , Kawase Takakazu , Suzuki Takeshi , Hirai Takashi , Yatabe Yasushi , Tanaka Hideo , Tajima Kazuo 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Introduction: Bile acids have long been implicated in the etiology of colorectal carcinogenesis by their genotoxicity as well as cytotoxicity. Cholesterol 7-alfa-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is the rate-limiting enzyme that converts cholesterol into cholesterol 7-alfa-hydroxycholesterol in the first step of the classical pathway of bile acid synthesis. Recently, an association between a polymorphism (-204A&gt;C, rs3808607) in CYP7A1 and proximal colon cancer/adenoma has been reported, which was not observed with distal colon or rectal cancer/adenoma. In this case-control study, we examined the association between haplotypes of CYP7A1 and proximal or distal colon/rectal cancer risk in a Japanese population.
Methods: Subjects were 96 cases of proximal colon cancer, 357 of distal colon/rectal cancer and 961 age- and sex-matched non-cancer controls. We examined five loci, including rs3808607, by TaqMan method. Impact of each locus or haplotype were evaluated according to subsite by polytomous logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders including age, sex, regular exercise, family history of colorectal cancer, body mass index, drinking habit and folate consumption.
Results: In locus-specific analyses, we saw no association with rs3808607 for any subsite. Rs11786580 showed a statistically significant positive association with proximal colon cancer, while association was not seen in distal colon and rectal cancer. Haplotype analyses revealed that the TAAGG haplotype was positively associated with proximal colon cancer [confounder-adjusted odds ratio: 1.72 (95% confidence interval: 1.10–2.71), p=0.018] but not with distal colon and rectal cancer combined. This association was consistently observed in analyses stratified by potential confounders. Conclusion: Our results indicate that CYP7A1 plays a role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer specifically in the proximal colon. Confirmation of this association in other epidemiologic studies and biological evaluation of the TAAGG haplotype are warranted.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B116.
Abstract B128: Geographic and socioeconomic variations in colorectal cancer incidence in the prospective NIH-AARP Diet and Health study
Authors: Chyke Doubeni A. , Laiyemo Adeyinka O. , Lian Min , Park Yikyung , Li Wenjun , Schootman Mario , Schatzkin Arthur 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background: Persons from lower socioeconomic backgrounds have higher exposure to risk factors for, and higher mortality rate from, colorectal cancer (CRC), but there is a paucity of published population-based studies on the relationship between neighborhood socioeconomic context and CRC incidence. In this study, we used national prospective data to determine: 1) whether CRC incidence varied according to area-level socioeconomic context; and 2) if area-level differences in incidence are explained by clustering of CRC risk factors.
Methods: We used data from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, a prospective cohort of 566,402 persons residing in 6 US states and 2 metropolitan areas who were 50–71 years of age at baseline (1995–1996). Detailed data on diet, lifestyle and medical history were collected using questionnaires. Cancer incidence was ascertained from tumor registries through December 31, 2003. Participants were linked to the 2000 US Census data at the tract level. We used principal component factor analyses to derive an index of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation from 10 census variables about education, poverty, employment and occupation. We restricted the analyses to 319,057 men and 214,298 women who did not have history of CRC at baseline and had complete data including valid geocoded information.
Results: In single predictor Cox models with frailty, compared to persons residing in the lowest quintile of the deprivation index, those in the most deprived census tracts had a higher incidence of CRC (HR=1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.40 for men and HR=1.32, CI: 1.15–1.52 for women). This increased risk was robust to adjustments for age, race-ethnicity and family history of colon cancer, body mass index, physical activity and dietary variables including calcium intake, smoking and a history of diabetes (HR: 1.13, CI: 1.03–1.24) for men and HR: 1.17, CI: 1.01–1.34 for women) and to further adjustment for use of non-steroidal inflammatory agents (HR=1.18; CI 1.05–1.34) for men; and HR= 1.19, CI: 0.99–1.42 for women). Significant heterogeneity was observed for the incidence of CRC among census tracts for both men and women (likelihood ratio test p-value &lt;0.001).
Conclusion: Our study found significant variation in the incidence of CRC by neighborhood of residence and neighborhood socioeconomic conditions after adjusting for recognized individual risk factors. Further studies are needed to explore other factors that may be associated with area-level differences in CRC incidence such as the use of screening.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B128.
Abstract B13: Arizona cancer research network analysis: Discovery to delivery
Authors: Leischow Scott , Provan Keith , Keagy Judy , Nodora Jesse 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background: Networks are frequently viewed as important for moving innovation beyond the boundaries of individual organizations, especially for enhancing translational research. This study used social network analysis to discover the extent and nature of involvement in collaborative relationships among the key organizations participating in cancer research activities in Arizona.
Methods: Data were collected in 2007 from 18 of 21 organizations involved in research in the Arizona Cancer Coalition, including academic institutions, private research institutes, and organizations dedicated to healthcare delivery, public health and support/advocacy. Key informants in each organization reported their collaborative relationships with every other organization in the Coalition for each of three types of cancer research activities, discovery, development, and delivery (3D). Data were analyzed using network analytic software (UCInet). Network measures included two global ‘whole network’ measures (network centralization and density) and one organizational level measure (degree centrality).
Results: The results of the network analysis showed the most highly connected, or dense, network ties were found when cancer research focused on delivery, closely followed by discovery. Organizational centrality in the development network is highly and positively correlated with both centrality in the discovery (r=.71, p&lt;.001) and the delivery networks (r=.77, p&lt;.001). In contrast, the relationship between centrality in the discovery and delivery network is quite weak (r=.33, not significant).These findings are consistent with the fact that discovery and delivery are at opposite ends of the research continuum, and thus, the central actors in each network are less likely to overlap. In addition, the importance of cancer research to an organization's mission is strong and positive, but only for the discovery (r=.61, p≤.01) and development (r=.51, p≤.05) networks
Conclusions: The research demonstrated how network analysis can be used to understand the extent to which organizations involved in cancer research are able to collaborate both within and across the 3D continuum. Findings suggested substantial differences in network involvement, depending on the type of research being conducted, while also demonstrating the key role played by a comprehensive cancer center in connecting organizations that might be involved in very different aspects of the research process.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B13.
Abstract B19: Complementary and alternative medicine use among postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: The Black Women's Health Study
Authors: Bright-Gbebry Mireille J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used among women in the United States. However, there is limited knowledge about the use of CAM modalities in minority women despite the relationship of CAM use to cultural and health beliefs. We defined CAM use as the intake of natural herbs, vitamins and mineral products at least three days per week. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of CAM usage in African American breast cancer survivors, and to compare the characteristics of users and nonusers.
Design: A cross-sectional study of breast cancer survivors who completed the 1999 Black Women's Health Study questionnaire and reported having been diagnosed with breast cancer by 1999. A total of 436 women were included in the analysis.
Results: Overall, 69% of breast cancer survivors compared to 59% noncases used one or more CAM products, including herbs, vitamins and minerals. Among breast cancer survivors the mean age for CAM users was 53.1 years compared to 51.3 years in nonusers. Among breast cancer survivor CAM users, garlic was the most widely used product (20.9%), followed by echinacea (12.6%) and gingko (11.7%). More CAM users chose a multivitamins supplement (53.9%) over a folic acid supplement alone (4.1%). Multivariate analysis determined that age (OR per year of age =1.05; 95% CI:1.02–1.08), and marital status (OR for single relative to married or living as married =0.33; 95% CI:0.15–0.70) were the factors significantly associated with CAM use among breast cancer survivors.
Conclusions: CAM use is common in postmenopausal African American breast cancer survivors. Our results are consistent with prevalence rates of 60–70% reported in studies of CAM use by women with breast cancer following diagnosis.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B19.
Abstract B37: Genetic screening of HNPCC
Authors: Koinuma Nobuo , Ito Michiya 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Genetic testing and counseling for the patients with HNPCC (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) are changing the cancer prevention strategies. However, the clinical evidence is still insufficient to make screening policy for at-risk carriers. In our study, while clarifying the economic effects/merits of genetic testing to HNPCC, the most appropriate age to start the screening from the viewpoint of health economics is presumed.
Materials and Methods: We developed systems model of colon cancer treatment along with Markov model, after sorting complicated clinical course of treatment by type. In the model, we presumed that the close relatives of the patient with HNPCC have genetic screening and continue undergoing the colonoscopic examination once a year afterward. We incorporated patients' data such as the cumulative morbidity of HNPCC, accumulated on the study groups of Japan into the systems model. When delaying cancer death by the intervention of genetic screening, the differences of the increment of the labor productivity of the prolonged period and that of the expense spent for the prevention and treatment is computed as an economic effect of cancer prevention.
Results and Discussion: The expense of genetic screening and endoscopy were $612 and $1,020 respectively. The stage distribution at the detection of colon cancer was as follows; I 36.8%, II 31.1%, III 19.2% and IV 12.9%. The utility value was assumed to be 0.8 in cost-utility analysis. In case of the male relative of the patient with HNPCC, the cost-benefit differences of genetic testing became large, if he would have genetic screening in his twenties. Hence, it became clear that genetic screening in younger age would have not a little meaning from cancer-economic point of view. Supposing he continued the examination in diagnostic phase in case of positive male, five-year survival rate after colon cancer treatment was as good as younger age when he underwent the genetic testing. In case of female, the rate of recovery is as good as younger age as well, but the cost-benefit differences became its maximum at her thirties rather twenties.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B37.
Abstract B40: Suppression of Stat3 inhibits the invasive potential of malignant squamous cell carcinoma by interfering with the HGF/cmet/Stat3 signaling pathway
Authors: Syed Zanobia , Yin Weihong , Gill Jennifer , Hughes Kendall , Clifford John L. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Cancer cell invasion and induction of the metastatic cascade are often the consequence of deregulated cell adhesion and migration. There is substantial evidence for the involvement of Stat3 in cell motility, migration, and invasion under normal and pathological situations. Stat3 activation is required for induction of genes encoding MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9, key components of tumor invasion. Through binding to its receptor, cmet, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) can regulate cell survival, growth, migration, and angiogenesis. cmet is often constitutively active in human tumors and HGF/cmet signaling is at least partially mediated by Stat3. Overall, these observations suggest that positive feedback signals in the HGF/cmet/Stat3 signaling pathway contribute to tumorigenesis.
To explore the role of Stat3 in skin cell malignancy in a human cell culture model, our lab has overexpressed a dominant negative form of Stat3β in the tumorigenic SCC cell line, SRB12-p9. We established SRB12-p9 cell clones expressing FLAG-tagged Stat3β-Y705F (S3DN). Suppression of Stat3 activity impaired the ability of these cells to scatter upon stimulation with HGF, diminished their capacity to invade, and enhanced adhesion in vitro. S3DN cells also showed suppressed HGF-induced activation of cmet, as revealed by a phospho-specific cmet antibody. We next assessed the role of Stat3 in tumor invasion using in vivo mouse tumorigenicity experiments. When injected subcutaneously into immune-deficient mice, S3DN cells produced tumors that were less locally invasive, though WT tumors were more differentiated as indicated by K10 immunostaining. Upon further examination of these tumors, we found that those arising from WT cells had more intense membrane staining for total cmet and phospho-cmet than S3DN cells, indicating stronger cmet activity in these tumors. This pattern of cmet staining correlated with increased phospho-Stat3 membrane staining in the WT tumors. Western blotting revealed a decrease in MMP-2, MMP-9, and cmet expression in the S3DN cells. These results are consistent with those from the in vitro experiments. Finally, we show that S3DN may interfere with Stat3/cmet interaction, as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, preventing the activation of cmet at the cell membrane. Ongoing studies will further address the effect of S3DN expression on cmet signaling and the effect this has on the HGF/c-met/Stat3 signaling loop and tumor cell invasion.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B40.