bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Camperdown Program for adults who stutter: a student training clinic Phase I trial
Authors: Cocomazzo Nadia , Block Susan , Carey Brenda , O’Brian Sue , Onslow Mark , Packman Ann , Iverach Lisa 
Published: March 2012

Abstract Objectives: During speech pathology professional preparation there is a need for adequate student instruction with speech‐restructuring treatments for adults. An important part of that clinical educational experience is to participate in a clinical setting that produces outcomes equivalent to those attained during clinical trials. A previous report showed that this is possible with a traditional, intensive speech‐restructuring treatment. Considering the treatment process advantages and time efficiency of the Camperdown Program, it is arguably a compelling prospect for clinician education. Therefore, the present study is a Phase I trial of the treatment at a student university clinic, with a similar design to a previous report.Background:  During speech pathology professional preparation there is a need for adequate student instruction with speech‐restructuring treatments for adults. An important part of that clinical educational experience is to participate in a clinical setting that produces outcomes equivalent to those attained during clinical trials. A previous report showed that this is possible with a traditional, intensive speech‐restructuring treatment. Considering the treatment process advantages and time efficiency of the Camperdown Program, it is arguably a compelling prospect for clinician education.Aims:  The present study is a Phase I trial of the treatment at a student university clinic, with a similar design to a previous report.Methods & Procedures:  The design was a non‐randomized Phase I clinical trial with 12 adult participants. Primary outcomes were per cent syllables stuttered (%SS) within and beyond the clinic, and speech naturalness scores from pre‐ and post‐treatment stutter‐free speech samples.Outcomes & Results: Pooled  %SS scores pre‐treatment were 5.7, at immediate post‐treatment were 1.0, and at 12 months post‐treatment were 2.4. The group speech naturalness scores post‐treatment did not increase to a clinically significant extent.Conclusion & Implications: Results essentially replicate the previous study by producing similar outcomes to those attained with clinical trials. The Camperdown Program is recommended as a clinical environment for speech‐restructuring speech pathology student training.
SCORTEN and impaired renal function related to mortality of toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome patients in the Asian population
Authors: Hu C.‐H. , Chang N.‐J. , Liu E.K.‐W. , Chuang S.‐S. , Chung W.‐H. , Yang J.‐Y. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (TEN) is a rare, life‐threatening, drug‐related skin reaction with a high mortality rate. To date, only a few studies with insufficient sample sizes have been conducted to analyse SCORTEN in Asian populations with TEN.Objective  To analyse SCORTEN and other related factors that affect TEN patients in Taiwan.Methods  A retrospective review of medical records of 101 patients with TEN from 1992 to 2009.Results  There were 62 cases of adverse reactions to a single medication and 39 cases of idiopathic reaction, from multiple medications, or infectious pathogens, of 101 TEN patients. Of the seven individual SCORTEN parameters, only associate malignancy, detached or compromised body surface area >10%, serum urea and bicarbonate were statistically significant in the multivariate analysis. Factors such as 1.5 times baseline serum creatinine levels, urine output of less than 0.5 mL/kg for 6 h and acute renal failure were connected with subsequent mortality.Conclusion  The SCORTEN score is effective in predicting the outcome in Taiwanese TEN patients. A number of factors are predictors of mortality. In our study, we determine renal insufficiency and failure to be a marker for predicting a poor outcome.
A method to evaluate dose errors introduced by dose mapping processes for mass conserving deformations
Authors: Yan C. , Hugo G. , Salguero F. J. , Saleh‐Sayah N. , Weiss E. , Sleeman W. C. , Siebers J. V. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose:To present a method to evaluate the dose mapping error introduced by the dose mapping process. In addition, apply the method to evaluate the dose mapping error introduced by the 4D dose calculation process implemented in a research version of commercial treatment planning system for a patient case.Methods:The average dose accumulated in a finite volume should be unchanged when the dose delivered to one anatomic instance of that volume is mapped to a different anatomic instance—provided that the tissue deformation between the anatomic instances is mass conserving. The average dose to a finite volume on imageS is defined as , where is the energy deposited in the mass contained in the volume. Since mass and energy should be conserved, when is mapped to an image , the mean dose mapping error is defined as , where the and are integral doses (energy deposited), and and are the masses within the region of interest (ROI) on image R and the corresponding ROI on image S, where R and S are the two anatomic instances from the same patient. Alternatively, application of simple differential propagation yields the differential dose mapping error, with . A 4D treatment plan on a ten‐phase 4D‐CT lung patient is used to demonstrate the dose mapping error evaluations for a patient case, in which the accumulated dose, , and associated error values ( and ) are calculated for a uniformly spaced set of ROIs.Results:For the single sample patient dose distribution, the average accumulated differential dose mapping error is 4.3%, the average absolute differential dose mapping error is 10.8%, and the average accumulated mean dose mapping error is 5.0%. Accumulated differential dose mapping errors within the gross tumor volume (GTV) and planning target volume (PTV) are lower, 0.73% and 2.33%, respectively.Conclusions:A method has been presented to evaluate the dose mapping error introduced by the dose mapping process. This method has been applied to evaluate the 4D dose calculation process implemented in a commercial treatment planning system. The method could potentially be developed as a fully‐automatic QA method in image guided adaptive radiation therapy (IGART).
Complete Genome Sequence of the African Dairy Isolate Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius Strain CJ18
Authors: Jans Christoph , Follador Rainer , Lacroix Christophe , Meile Leo , Stevens Marc J. A. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus infantarius
subsp.
infantarius
, a member of the
Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus
complex, is highly prevalent in artisanal dairy fermentations in Africa. Here the complete genome sequence of the dairy-adapted
S. infantarius
subsp.
infantarius
CJ18 strain—a strain predominant in traditionally fermented camel milk (suusac) from Kenya—is presented.
Full Genome Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 1 from India
Authors: Maan Narender S. , Maan Sushila , Nomikou Kyriaki , Prasad Gaya , Singh Karam Pal , Belaganahalli Manjunatha N. , Mertens Peter P. C. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACT
We report the full-genome sequence of an Indian isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 1 (BTV-1), strain IND1992/01. This is the first report of the entire genome sequence (Seg-1 to Seg-10) of an Eastern (e) strain of BTV-1. These sequence data provide a reference for BTV-1e that will help to define the phylogenetic relationships and geographic origins of distinct Indian lineages of BTV-1 as well as their relationships with other BTV strains from around the world. The availability of data for all 10 genome segments of this strain will also help to identify reassortment events involving this and other virus lineages.
Treatment of basilar tip aneurysms with horizontal PCA to PCA stent-assisted coiling: case series
Authors: Blackburn Spiros L , Kadkhodayan Yasha , Shekhtman Eugenia , Derdeyn Colin P , Cross DeWitte T , Moran Christopher J 
Published: March 2012

Backgroun and objectiveCoiling of wide-necked basilar tip aneurysms is technically challenging and is often assisted by the placement of a stent. Stent placement in an anterograde fashion either with a single or Y-stent is typical. However, in some cases the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) angle of origin at the base of the aneurysm precludes anterograde catheterization. A series of patients with wide-necked basilar tip aneurysms treated with a single stent placed via the posterior communicating artery from PCA to PCA is presented.MethodsA retrospective database review was performed to identify all stent-coiled basilar tip aneurysms. Patients with attempted horizontal P1–P1 stenting via the posterior communicating artery were identified. Procedural imaging, follow-up angiography and clinical notes were reviewed.ResultsP1–P1 stenting was attempted in 10 patients and was successful in eight. Angiographic follow-up was available in six patients, all of whom had >90% obliteration at last follow-up. There was one procedure-related subarachnoid hemorrhage that resulted in patient death. There were no cases of significant PCA stenosis on angiographic follow-up.ConclusionsThis stenting technique is an effective way to treat wide-necked basilar tip aneurysms but is limited by the anatomy of the posterior communicating arteries and P1 segments.
Repeat chlamydia testing across a New Zealand district: 3 years of laboratory data
Authors: Morgan Jane , Woodhall Sarah 
Published: March 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of repeat chlamydia testing on annual population coverage estimates and to examine repeat testing patterns in a New Zealand district with high chlamydia testing rates.MethodsChlamydia testing data for 15–44-year-old men and women in a single New Zealand district during February 2008 to January 2011 were analysed. Annual coverage of testing was estimated in two ways, using the number of tests and the number of individuals as the numerator. Rates of repeat testing were calculated using survival analysis.ResultsThere were 73 879 tests (12 251 men, 61 628 women) from 41 342 individuals (8437 men, 32 905 women) during 3 years. Coverage estimates in 2010 using the number of individuals as the numerator were 17% lower for men and 26% lower for women than when the number of tests was used (5.9% vs 4.9% for men and 28.7% vs 21.2% for women). The rate of repeat testing was 16.9 per 100 person-years among men (95% CI 16.2 to 17.7) and 31.6 among women (95% CI 31.1 to 32.2). Rates of repeat testing were higher among women, in younger age groups and following a positive rather than a negative baseline test (p<0.001).ConclusionRelatively high rates of repeat testing were observed among young women in Waikato district during 2008 to 2010. Estimates of population coverage by test for this group therefore considerably overestimate individual coverage. The findings will inform discussions about improving surveillance to capture more accurate chlamydia testing coverage rates in New Zealand.
Metrics and sampling designs for detecting trends in the distribution of spawning Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.)
Authors: Peacock Stephanie J. , Holt Carrie A. 
Published: March 2012

The distribution of individuals among populations and in space may contribute to their resilience under environmental variability. Changes in distribution may indicate the loss of genetically distinct subpopulations, the deterioration of habitat capacity, or both. The distribution of Pacific salmon ( Oncorhynchus spp.) among spawning locations has recently been recognized as an important component of status assessment by USA and Canadian management agencies, but metrics of spawning distribution have not been rigorously evaluated. We evaluated three metrics of spawning distribution and four sampling designs for their ability to detect simulated contractions in the production of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ). We simulated population dynamics at 100 sites using a spawner–recruit model that incorporated natural variability in recruitment, age-at-maturity, dispersal, and measurement error in observations of abundance. Sensitivity analyses revealed that high observation error and straying of spawners from their natal streams may mask changes in distribution. Furthermore, monitoring only sites with high spawner abundance, as is often practiced, failed to capture the simulated contraction of production, emphasizing the importance of matching monitoring programs with assessment objectives.
Influence of density and major histocompatibility genotype on sexual selection in a salmonid alternative mating strategy
Authors: Weir Laura K. , Hutchings Jeffrey A. , Heath Daniel D. 
Published: March 2012

Various mechanisms of sexual selection can occur at both the whole organism and gamete levels. Fertilization success in salmonid fishes is largely determined by behavioural competition within and between “fighter” and “sneaker” male strategies, but is also influenced by interactions among gametes. We investigated the influence of density, fighter male presence, and major histocompatibility (MH) genotype on patterns of fertilization success in sneaker Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). At low density and in the absence of fighter males, monopolization by single sneaker males occurred, suggesting that male–male competition was the main determinant of fertilization success. By contrast, at high density and (or) in the presence of fighter males, several sneakers succeeded in fertilizing eggs. Our study, the first to investigate the role of MH-mediated fertilization for a genetically based alternative male mating strategy, suggests that a larger proportion of eggs were fertilized by sneakers whose MH genotypes were more similar to those of the female than expected by chance. These findings highlight the importance of examining sexual selection under different competitive conditions.
EXPERIMENTAL BIFURCATIONS OF AN IMPACT OSCILLATOR WITH SMA CONSTRAINT
Authors: SITNIKOVA ELENA , PAVLOVSKAIA EKATERINA , ING JAMES , WIERCIGROCH MARIAN 
Published: March 2012

In this paper we study bifurcations of an impact oscillator with one sided SMA motion constraint. The excitation frequency is used as a bifurcation parameter and two different values of the excitation amplitude are considered. It is shown that as frequency varies, the system exhibits highly nonlinear behavior. A typical bifurcation diagram has a number of resonance regions separated by chaotic motions with additional windows of periodic responses. The evolution of chaotic attractors is recorded experimentally, and changes in the structure of the attractors are shown. A mathematical model is developed and the results of the simulations are compared with the experimental findings. It is shown that the model is capable of accurately predicting not only the resonance structure but also the shape of the periodic and chaotic attractors. Numerical investigations also reveal a number of coexisting attractors at some frequency values. In particular, three attractors are found numerically for A = 0.2 mm and f = 29.474 Hz and their basins of attraction are presented. For A = 0.2 mm and f = 33.463 Hz , four coexisting attractors are found. For both parameter sets, one of the numerically detected attractors was validated experimentally. The undertaken analysis has shown that the hysteretic behavior of the restraint affected the dynamic responses only at the resonances, when the displacements are sufficiently large to trigger phase transformations in the SMA restraint. In nonresonant frequency ranges the restoring force in the SMA constraint is elastic. These findings are consistent with the numerical analysis carried out in [Sitnikova et al., 2008] for a similar system, which showed that the hysteretic behavior of the SMA affects resonant responses and provides a substantial vibration reduction in those regions.
Pharmacokinetics and Repolarization Effects of Intravenous and Transdermal Granisetron
Authors: Mason Jay W. , Selness Daniel S. , Moon Thomas E. , O'Mahony Bridget , Donachie Peter , Howell Julian 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Purpose: The need for greater clarity about the effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on cardiac repolarization is apparent in the changing product labeling across this therapeutic class. This study assessed the repolarization effects of granisetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist antiemetic, administered intravenously and by a granisetron transdermal system (GTDS).
Experimental Design: In a parallel four-arm study, healthy subjects were randomized to receive intravenous granisetron, GTDS, placebo, or oral moxifloxacin (active control). The primary endpoint was difference in change from baseline in mean Fridericia-corrected QT interval (QTcF) between GTDS and placebo (ddQTcF) on days 3 and 5.
Results: A total of 240 subjects were enrolled, 60 in each group. Adequate sensitivity for detection of QTc change was shown by a 5.75 ms lower bound of the 90% confidence interval (CI) for moxifloxacin versus placebo at 2 hours postdose on day 3. Day 3 ddQTcF values varied between 0.2 and 1.9 ms for GTDS (maximum upper bound of 90% CI, 6.88 ms), between −1.2 and 1.6 ms for i.v. granisetron (maximum upper bound of 90% CI, 5.86 ms), and between −3.4 and 4.7 ms for moxifloxacin (maximum upper bound of 90% CI, 13.45 ms). Day 5 findings were similar. Pharmacokinetic–ddQTcF modeling showed a minimally positive slope of 0.157 ms/(ng/mL), but a very low correlation (r = 0.090).
Conclusion: GTDS was not associated with statistically or clinically significant effects on QTcF or other electrocardiographic variables. This study provides useful clarification on the effect of granisetron delivered by GTDS on cardiac repolarization. Clin Cancer Res; 18(10); 2913–21. ©2012 AACR.
MAX Mutations Cause Hereditary and Sporadic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Authors: Burnichon Nelly , Cascón Alberto , Schiavi Francesca , Morales Nicole Paes , Comino-Méndez Iñaki , Abermil Nasséra , Inglada-Pérez Lucía , de Cubas Aguirre A. , Amar Laurence , Barontini Marta , de Quirós Sandra Bernaldo , Bertherat Jérôme , Bignon Yves-Jean , Blok Marinus J. , Bobisse Sara , Borrego Salud , Castellano Maurizio , Chanson Philippe , Chiara María-Dolores , Corssmit Eleonora P.M. , Giacchè Mara , de Krijger Ronald R. , Ercolino Tonino , Girerd Xavier , Gómez-García Encarna B. , Gómez-Graña Álvaro , Guilhem Isabelle , Hes Frederik J. , Honrado Emiliano , Korpershoek Esther , Lenders Jacques W.M. , Letón Rocío , Mensenkamp Arjen R. , Merlo Anna , Mori Luigi , Murat Arnaud , Pierre Peggy , Plouin Pierre-François , Prodanov Tamara , Quesada-Charneco Miguel , Qin Nan , Rapizzi Elena , Raymond Victoria , Reisch Nicole , Roncador Giovanna , Ruiz-Ferrer Macarena , Schillo Frank , Stegmann Alexander P.A. , Suarez Carlos , Taschin Elisa , Timmers Henri J.L.M. , Tops Carli M.J. , Urioste Miguel , Beuschlein Felix , Pacak Karel , Mannelli Massimo , Dahia Patricia L. M. , Opocher Giuseppe , Eisenhofer Graeme , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Robledo Mercedes 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL) are genetically heterogeneous neural crest–derived neoplasms. Recently we identified germline mutations in a new tumor suppressor susceptibility gene, MAX (MYC-associated factor X), which predisposes carriers to PCC. How MAX mutations contribute to PCC/PGL and associated phenotypes remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and associated phenotypic features of germline and somatic MAX mutations in PCC/PGL.
Design: We sequenced MAX in 1,694 patients with PCC or PGL (without mutations in other major susceptibility genes) from 17 independent referral centers. We screened for large deletions/duplications in 1,535 patients using a multiplex PCR-based method. Somatic mutations were searched for in tumors from an additional 245 patients. The frequency and type of MAX mutation was assessed overall and by clinical characteristics.
Results: Sixteen MAX pathogenic mutations were identified in 23 index patients. All had adrenal tumors, including 13 bilateral or multiple PCCs within the same gland (P &lt; 0.001), 15.8% developed additional tumors at thoracoabdominal sites, and 37% had familial antecedents. Age at diagnosis was lower (P = 0.001) in MAX mutation carriers compared with nonmutated cases. Two patients (10.5%) developed metastatic disease. A mutation affecting MAX was found in five tumors, four of them confirmed as somatic (1.65%). MAX tumors were characterized by substantial increases in normetanephrine, associated with normal or minor increases in metanephrine.
Conclusions: Germline mutations in MAX are responsible for 1.12% of PCC/PGL in patients without evidence of other known mutations and should be considered in the genetic work-up of these patients. Clin Cancer Res; 18(10); 2828–37. ©2012 AACR.
Off-Target Function of the Sonic Hedgehog Inhibitor Cyclopamine in Mediating Apoptosis via Nitric Oxide–Dependent Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2/Ceramide Induction
Authors: Meyers-Needham Marisa , Lewis Jocelyn A. , Gencer Salih , Sentelle R. David , Saddoughi Sahar A. , Clarke Christopher J. , Hannun Yusuf A. , Norell Haakan , da Palma Telma Martins , Nishimura Michael , Kraveka Jacqueline M. , Khavandgar Zohreh , Murshed Monzur , Cevik M. Ozgur , Ogretmen Besim 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHh) signaling is important in the pathogenesis of various human cancers, such as medulloblastomas, and it has been identified as a valid target for anticancer therapeutics. The SHh inhibitor cyclopamine induces apoptosis. The bioactive sphingolipid ceramide mediates cell death in response to various chemotherapeutic agents; however, ceramide's roles/mechanisms in cyclopamine-induced apoptosis are unknown. Here, we report that cyclopamine mediates ceramide generation selectively via induction of neutral sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, SMPD3 (nSMase2) in Daoy human medulloblastoma cells. Importantly, short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of nSMase2 prevented cyclopamine-induced ceramide generation and protected Daoy cells from drug-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, ectopic wild-type N-SMase2 caused cell death, compared with controls, which express the catalytically inactive N-SMase2 mutant. Interestingly, knockdown of smoothened (Smo), a target protein for cyclopamine, or Gli1, a downstream signaling transcription factor of Smo, did not affect nSMase2. Mechanistically, our data showed that cyclopamine induced nSMase2 and cell death selectively via increased nitric oxide (NO) generation by neuronal-nitric oxide synthase (n-NOS) induction, in Daoy medulloblastoma, and multiple other human cancer cell lines. Knockdown of n-NOS prevented nSMase2 induction and cell death in response to cyclopamine. Accordingly, N-SMase2 activity-deficient skin fibroblasts isolated from homozygous fro/fro (fragilitas ossium) mice exhibited resistance to NO-induced cell death. Thus, our data suggest a novel off-target function of cyclopamine in inducing apoptosis, at least in part, by n-NOS/NO-dependent induction of N-SMase2/ceramide axis, independent of Smo/Gli inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(5); 1092–102. ©2012 AACR.