bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteochondral Destruction in Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis During the Clinical Course
Authors: NISHIDA YOSHIHIRO , TSUKUSHI SATOSHI , NAKASHIMA HIROATSU , SUGIURA HIDESHI , YAMADA YOSHIHISA , URAKAWA HIROSHI , ARAI EISUKE , ISHIGURO NAOKI 
Published: December 2011

Objective.In pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS), some cases recur and progress to osteochondral destruction. The aim of our study was to clarify the occurrence of osteochondral destruction according to the location of PVNS during the clinical course.Methods.Seventy-two patients with PVNS (43 female, 29 male) with a mean age of 40 years (range 3–87 yrs) had been referred to our institutions. Factors influencing the occurrence of osteochondral destruction were investigated.Results.Mean followup was 60 months (range 12–190 mo). Adjacent bone change occurred in 24 (42%) of 57 patients, who were evaluated at the time of the first consultation. Eight (89%) of 9 patients with hip lesions initially had bone lesions, significantly more frequently than those with other lesions (p = 0.038). Duration of symptoms was significantly correlated with the occurrence of bone lesions in diffuse knee lesions (p = 0.005). During followup, patients with location in the knee had a significantly higher incidence of osteoarthritic change (73%) compared to those with foot and ankle involvement (p = 0.027). Re-operation was more frequently required for knee lesions due to the high recurrence rate (32%). Patients who required re-operation had significantly more marked osteoarthritic change in knees (p = 0.001) during followup than those who did not.Conclusion.For PVNS arising in knees, repeated recurrences followed by re-operation resulted in the progression of osteoarthritic change. PVNS arising in hips, feet, and ankles developed bone lesions initially, probably due to the limited volume of these joints. The indications for re-operation for recurrent knee lesions require careful consideration regarding progression of osteoarthritic change.
ISO 19906: An International Standard for Arctic Offshore Structures
Authors: Blanchet D. , Spring W. , McKenna R.F. , Thomas G.A.N. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
In 2000, the International Standards Organisation (ISO) approved the development of an International Standard for Arctic Offshore Structures. Canada, having active committees in place for such an activity, took the initiative to propose and coordinate the new work item to ISO. In response to the Canadian initiative, in 2002 the ISO Technical Committee 67 (TC67), Sub-Committee 7 (SC7 - Offshore Structures) approved the development of a new standardentitled " Petroleum and natural gas industries - Arctic offshore structures??. In addition, the developers of the new standard were tasked with the secondary objective to harmonise existing international offshore codes and standards related to Arctic structures.
SC7 established Working Group 8 (WG8) in response to this approval and WG8 held its first meeting in July 2002, in Toronto, Canada. All countries with regions in ice covered waters, or with an interest in these regions, were requested to provide country representatives and technical experts to staff both WG8 and the Technical Panels formed by WG8 to actually prepare the document.
The technical work was initiated in 2003 and the completed document, ISO 19906 Arctic Offshore Structures, is scheduled to be approved by the ISO member countries in late 2010.
The approved Standard specifies requirements and provides recommendations and guidance for the design, construction, transportation, installation, and removal of offshore structures, related to petroleum and natural gas activities in arctic and cold regions. The objective of the document is to ensure that offshore structures in arctic and cold regions provide an appropriate level of reliability with respect to personnel safety and environmental protection to the owner and to society in general. While the document does not apply specifically to mobile offshore drilling units, the procedures relating to ice actions and ice management contained herein are applicable to the assessment of such units.
This paper provides a brief history of the document preparation as it relates to country and industry involvement, development of technical input, editing and review processes undertaken and acceptance of the document by ISO and its participating members.

Background and incentive
By 2000, several factors emerged that together provided the incentive for the development of a new and global standard for arctic offshore structures. The formation of an international working group was proposed to develop an International Standard which would harmonise existing regional and national codes and standards and also update the provisions to include the latest agreed knowledge and technologies. Countries participating in WG8 agreed to view the new ISO Standard as a replacement for their existing codes and standards.
Drillship Heating and Ventilating Challenges in Arctic Environments
Authors: Brittin Scott , Browning Al , Barr Aaron , Davis Joe , McHardy Charles , Choo Keumdae , Hwang Yoonsik , Kang Jungsoo 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
A drilling contractor has collaborated and consulted with several major operators, engineering firms, a classification society, and a shipyard to develop the design and specifications for a mobile offshore drilling unit capable of working in both Arctic and tropical environments. Significant design challenges in the area of heating and ventilation were identified and existing known solutions for exclusively Arctic based vessels were found to be inadequate for a drillshipoperating over this range of conditions. This paper will explain how a suitable design approach was developed that satisfies the range of temperatures and other ancillary ambient environmental and HSE issues associated with such a wide range of operational requirements.

Background
Arctic operations will subject the hull and industrial systems to icy and ice covered waters with design air temperatures as low as −40°C, while off season operations outside of the Arctic regions require accommodation of warm waters and an ambient air temperature of as high as +38°C.
For the ship's crew to be able to operate effectively and safely in the winter extreme cold temperature, the design team determined that normally manned areas must be enclosed and heated to a minimum of at least +5°C.
Enclosing most areas does not create significant design problems; however, this paper will cover environmental challenges discovered for storm conditions and in enclosed areas on the rig subjected to cyclic changes in air pressure and temperature and how these issues were resolved.

Results, Observations, and Conclusions
Given the two extremes of severe winter and tropical conditions, the severe winter case was found to be the driving factor in developing a workable design, with limited heating capacity and while also meeting the Class required air exchange rates. These sometimes conflicting objectives have been addressed and resolved successfully after consideration and development of the methods described herein.

Significance of Subject Matter
D ue to seasonal limitations for drilling operations in Arctic offshore waters, the economics of the current offshore market require a vessel that is also capable of working in mild to tropical conditions in annual off-season periods. High standards for crew habitability, ergonomics, and HSE have been applied to meet modern expectations.
Dynamically Positioned Vessels in the Arctic: A Comprehensive Research and Development Program for the Key Technologies
Authors: Wassink Alain 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Offshore oil and gas operations in the arctic poses large challenges for the design of dynamically positioned vessels intended to perform these operations. In general, extreme temperatures, harsh environmental conditions, severe ice loads, a vulnerable ecological environment, lack of infrastructure and stringent but regionally different regulatory requirements are amongst those challenges. In particular, dynamically positioned vessels will be confronted with a new and complex factor: sea ice. Current dynamic positioning systems and control models do not incorporate the influence and prediction of sea ice on vessel movements and therefore have difficulties in applying thruster compensation. Although significant knowledge is available from various sectors in the offshore industry and the commercial shipping industry there are numerous technology gaps which need to be addressed to be able to enable the use of dynamically positioned offshore units for the arctic. A three year systematic research and development program has been initiated to develop the knowledge and technologies needed and to apply them to typical designs to be offered to the offshore industry for arctic operations. This program is initiated from the complete range of required design input and technology required for designing a dynamically positioned offshore unit rather than focus on individual technology subjects. It aims to integrate all individual technologies to enable design and construction dynamically positioned vessels for arctic operations. This paper presents the outline of the program.

Introduction

Maritime Innovation Program
The Maritime Innovation Program (Maritiem Innovatie Programma, MIP) is a program to support innovation and technology development in the Dutch maritime cluster and is sponsored by the Dutch government. Offshore oil and gas operations in extreme conditions is one of the key strategic areas presented in this program. Research on the Arctic environmental conditions for new developments in the Arctic, as well as installation and maintenance technology for Arctic conditions are mentioned as key priorities within the strategy agenda of this Program in 2009.
Preparations Required for Switching to Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel in Marine Propulsion and onboard Auxiliary Engines
Authors: Scherz D. Braxton , Flagstad-Andersen Eivind , Fjell Christian , Ackerman Brian 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Arctic Ocean environments are quite delicate, and shipping in Arctic regions has been very limited. Although ships are the most efficient means of cargo transport from an air quality perspective, they are never the less considered large point sources of CO2 and GHG emissions. Recognizing this, local far north Alaskan air quality requirements have called for the use of Ultra Low Sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels to lessen SOx emissions from engine driven main propulsion systems and other onboard auxiliary machinery. ULSD (limited to 15 ppm or 0.0015% sulfur) exceeds all current requirements for marine diesel fuels to be burned in the proposed Emissions Control Areas worldwide.
There is a price to pay for burning ULSD, as the physical properties of the diesel fuel are changed during the sulfur removal process. In addition, end-product fuel analysis varies depending upon the sulfur content in the feed stock, and the oil refinery used to produce ULSD. Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel is known to have caused engine and component malfunctions due to decreased lubricity, viscosity, and other compositional incompatibilities. This paper (referencing a recently completed project) will highlight the methodology used to prepare a ship for the switch from Marine Gas Oil to ULSD.

Introduction
Dry docked in the Philippines, a drill ship was undergoing extensive upgrading to ready it for service in Alaskan waters. The proven rig was ideally suited to the location where it was to operate and therefore, an investment decision was made to renew steel, machinery, and all equipment, required for the voyage. The original main diesel engine was to provide the propulsion power for the trip. Electrical power was to be provided by several large Caterpiller diesel engines located in a separate machinery space forward of the centrally located drilling rig. Because of the air quality restrictions in the working area, preparations were being made for the loading and use of Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel (ULSD) in the main propulsion and other auxiliary diesel engine systems. ULSD is known to have caused engine and component malfunctions due to decreased lubricity, viscosity, and other compositional incompatibilities.
The OEM no longer supported the main propulsion engine (although third party support was available), and there was little original, fuel system technical documentation remaining on-board. It wasn't well understood how the main diesel engine would handle the switch over to ULSD. There were also questions regarding several of the auxiliary engines too. For this reason, DNV was invited to perform a risk assessment (RA) on behalf of the vessel charterer to better understand the impact of switching from Marine Gas Oil to USLD. The objective of the exercise was to assess the risk, identify mitigating procedures, and inform the officers and crew.
Efficient Combination of Numerical Simulations and Ice Basin Testing in the Design Process of Moored Structures in Ice
Authors: Jensen A. , Bonnemaire B. , Lundamo T. , Ravndal O. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The use of moored structures in ice infested waters is of relevance for the exploration or the exploitation of hydrocarbon fields in arctic waters. The assessment of the impact of ice actions in the design process is challenging as the ice actions and the structural response will differ for a moored structure. Further, design criteria may be given by severe and complex scenarios resulting from the interaction with intact level ice and ice ridges in variable ice drift.
Ice model testing is an important part in the design process of a moored structure designed to operate in ice infested waters. The ice basin tests allow the measurement of the structure response to complex ice interactions. However, the conditions achieved in the ice tank can deviate from the target full scale scenario. Some structural parameters may not be replicated fully (for instance mooring forces on the structure), and the achieved ice conditions at the instant of the testing may deviate partially from the target ones (it is challenging to scale several ice parameters at the same time resulting in distorted ice properties).
A numerical model was developed to simulate the response in real time of moored structures to drifting level and ridged ice. The engine simulates ice actions of the structure including sub-surface ice transport of broken ice around and under the structure. The response of the structure is computed accounting for non-linear effects in the time domain.
The most promising use of these modeling capabilities is the possibility to correct and update ice basin measurements for the deviations between the achieved and target interaction scenarios:The tests performed in the ice basin are simulated numerically. A numerical model of the test setup needs to be built (of the structure, the mooring and the achieved ice conditions). By comparing the simulated and measured response, the numerical model can be calibrated and validated.Numerical simulation of the target scenarios: A numerical model of the target design setup is built, and the response of the structure to full-scale target ice interactions is then estimated.
The numerical simulation of the target scenarios represents then the corrected ice basin measurements accounting for all deviations. The simulated response will be used further in the design process, with a confidence based on the quality of the calibration exercise.
Tissue plasminogen activator versus heparin for locking dialysis catheters: A systematic review
Authors: Firwana Belal M , Hasan Rim , Ferwana Mazen , Varon Joseph , Stern Aaron , Gidwani Umesh 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hemodialysis catheters are commonly used when renal replacement therapy is initiated. These catheters have significant complications. Among "locking" solutions used in an attempt to decrease these complications is recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA). This systematic review is to determine the efficacy of rt-PA versus heparin, the standard of care. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials studying rt-PA alone or rt-PA plus heparin versus heparin alone as locking agents for hemodialysis catheters, which included patients needed a temporary hemodialysis catheter for hemodialysis. We identified relevant trials through electronic databases and correspondence with experts. Two investigators independently reviewed potentially eligible trials and extracted data. Results: Three trials met the inclusion criteria. One trial reported an improved catheter malfunctioning in patients using rt-PA plus heparin to lock catheters (20.0%) versus heparin alone (34.8%). Another trial reported higher blood flow rate in hemodialysis catheters in patients who received rt-PA (231.6 ± 12.4 mL/min) compared with those who received heparin (206.9 mL/min). The third trial reported formation and weight of clots which were decreased by half in rt-PA group versus heparin group. Conclusions: In the few randomized trials that met our inclusion criteria, the use of rt-PA as a locking solution for hemodialysis catheters seems to be associated with fewer adverse events and catheter malfunctioning as compared with heparin. Our systematic review is limited by the few randomized trials addressing our question and the wide variety of outcome measures. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Alteration in pulmonary perfusion due to iatrogenic pulmonary vein stenosis: A mimicker of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Ostwani Wesam , Arabi Mohammad 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIatrogenic pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a known, yet rare, complication of atrial radiofrequency ablation. Alterations in pulmonary perfusion may mimic massive pulmonary embolism on a ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy. This is particularly important due to the overlap in presenting clinical symptoms. The present case illustrates the functional significance of PVS and the changes in perfusion in response to angioplasty.
No evidence of non‐homologous insertions in mouse model of MDD created by replacement of homologous mouse DNA sequence with pathogenic 6‐base human CREB1 promoter sequence
Authors: Zubenko George S. , Hughes Hugh B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe have recently reported the creation and initial characterization of the first etiology‐based recombinant mouse model of major depressive disorder (MDD). This was achieved by replacing the corresponding mouse DNA sequence with a 6‐base DNA sequence from the human CREB1 promoter that is associated with the development of MDD in families identified by probands with recurrent, early‐onset MDD. The current study explored whether the desired homologous recombination event at the mouse Creb1 gene that resulted in the creation of the mouse model was also accompanied by insertions of the targeting vector at unintended non‐homologous locations in the mouse genome. No evidence of insertions of targeting vector sequence was observed at regions other than the mouse Creb1 gene. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micrometer‐scale oxygen delivery rearranges cells and prevents necrosis in tumor tissue in vitro
Authors: Toley Bhushan J. , Park Jaehyun , Kim Byoung‐Jin , Venkatasubramanian Raja , Maharbiz Michel M. , Forbes Neil S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOxygen availability plays a critical role in cancer progression and is correlated with poor prognosis. Despite this connection, the independent effects of oxygen gradients on tumor tissues have not been measured. To address this, we developed an oxygen delivery device that uses microelectrodes to generate oxygen directly underneath three‐dimensional tumor cylindroids composed of colon carcinoma cells. The extent of cell death was measured using fluorescence staining. Supplying oxygen for 60 h eliminated the necrotic region typically found in the center of cylindroids despite the continued presence of other nutrient gradients. A mathematical model of cylindroid growth showed that the rate of cell death was more sensitive to oxygen than the growth rate. After oxygenation, a ring of dead cells was observed at the outside edge of cylindroids, and dead cells were observed moving outward from cylindroid centers. This movement suggests that dead cells were pushed by viable cells migrating in response to oxygen gradients, a mechanism that may connect transient oxygen gradients to metastasis formation. These measurements show that oxygen gradients are a primary factor governing cell viability and rearrange cells in tumors. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
Conformational Features and Recognition Properties of a Conformationally Blocked Calix[7]arene Derivative
Authors: Gaeta Carmine , Talotta Carmen , Farina Francesco , Campi Gaetano , Camalli Mercedes , Neri Placido 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe shaping of a calix[7]arene macrocycle into cone‐like structure 3, through exhaustive alkylation of doubly bridged calix[7]arene derivative 2 with bulky groups, has been investigated. Conformational details about the structure adopted by calix[7]arene derivative 3 in solution have been obtained by using chemical shift surface maps, as previously reported by our group. Thus, chemical shift contour plots indicated that 3 adopted a cone‐shaped structure in solution analogous to that adopted by the known p‐tert‐butylcalix[7]arene heptacarboxylic acid derivative 4. Interestingly, the X‐ray structure of derivative 3 showed a high degree of similarity to the theoretical structure, which confirmed the validity of the contour plots method. The preorganized calix[7]arene host 3 showed interesting recognition abilities toward both organic and alkali cations. In fact, an unprecedented endo‐cavity complexation of linear and branched alkyl ammonium cations with a larger calix[7]arene host was evidenced. A comparable affinity for branched tBuNH3+ and linear nBuNH3+ guests was observed.
Proteome and phosphoproteome of primary cultured pig urothelial cells
Authors: Verma Nisha , Bäuerlein Carolin , Pink Mario , Rettenmeier Albert W. , Schmitz‐Spanke Simone 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEpithelial tissue lining the inner side of the urinary bladder is the most common target for bladder cancer‐related diseases. Bladders of freshly slaughtered pigs were utilised for a comprehensive analysis of the proteome and phosphoproteome of bladder epithelial cells. Following protein separation by 2‐D gel electrophoresis and identification by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) the first proteome and phosphoproteome maps of pig urinary bladder epithelial cells (PUBEC) were established. A total of 120 selected protein spots were identified. By using the La3+ enrichment method further developed in our laboratory we identified 31 phosphoproteins with minimal contamination by non‐phosphopeptides. The 2‐DE map of pig urothelial cells may prove as a useful tool for studies on uroepithelial biology, and the analysed phosphoproteins expression pattern, together with the whole cell proteome, will be helpful for identifying the proteins involved in bladder‐related diseases.