bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐report use‐of‐time tools for the assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in young people: systematic review
Authors: Foley L. , Maddison R. , Olds T. , Ridley K. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryRegular physical activity and limiting extended periods of sitting are two behaviours critical for the prevention of obesity in young people. The purpose of the systematic review was to synthesize the psychometric evidence for self‐report use‐of‐time tools that assess these behaviours. Articles were retrieved that reported reliability and/or validity for use‐of‐time tools in participants aged 18 years or under. Outcome variables were physical activity, sedentary behaviour and energy expenditure. Study quality was appraised, and the results summarized narratively. Sixteen studies and six different tools were identified. The tools were the Previous Day Physical Activity Recall, the Three‐Day Physical Activity Recall, the Physical Activity Interview, the Computerized Activity Recall, the Activitygram, and the Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents. Overall, tools indicated moderate validity compared with objective and criterion comparison methods. Generally, validity correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.30–0.40. Correlation coefficients for test–retest reliability ranged widely from 0.24 to 0.98. Conclusion: Use‐of‐time tools have indicated moderate reliability and validity for the assessment of physical activity and energy expenditure. Future research should focus on using criterion methods and on validating specifically for sedentary behaviour outcomes. Implementation of these tools for population surveillance should be considered.
Cross‐cultural temperamental differences in infants, children, and adults in the United States of America and Finland
Authors: GAIAS LARISSA M. , RÄIKKÖNEN KATRI , KOMSI NIINA , GARTSTEIN MARIA A. , FISHER PHILIP A. , PUTNAM SAMUEL P. 
Published: March 2012

Gaias, L. M., Räikkönen, K., Komsi, N., Gartstein, M. A., Fisher, P. A. & Putnam, S. P. (2012). Cross‐cultural temperamental differences in infants, children, and adults in the United States of America and Finland.Scandinavian Journal of Psychology53, 119–128.Cross‐cultural differences in temperament were investigated between infants (n = 131, 84 Finns), children (n = 653, 427 Finns), and adults (n = 759, 538 Finns) from the United States of America and Finland. Participants from both cultures completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire, Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. Across all ages, Americans received higher ratings on temperamental fearfulness than Finnish individuals, and also demonstrated higher levels of other negative affects at several time points. During infancy and adulthood, Finns tended to score higher on positive affect and elements of temperamental effortful control. Gender differences consistent with prior studies emerged cross‐culturally, and were found to be more pronounced in the US during childhood and in Finland during adulthood.
Exhausted women, tough men: a qualitative study on gender differences in health, vulnerability and coping with illness in Spain
Authors: del Mar García‐Calvente María , Hidalgo‐Ruzzante Natalia , del Río‐Lozano María , Marcos‐Marcos Jorge , Martínez‐Morante Emilia , Maroto‐Navarro Gracia , Mateo‐Rodríguez Inmaculada , Gil‐García Eugenia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study analyses different perceptions by women and men, from different social backgrounds and ages, regarding their health, vulnerability and coping with illness, and describes the main models provided by both sexes to explain determinants for gender inequalities in health. The qualitative study involved in‐depth interviews with women and men resident in Granada (Spain). The women rated their health worse than men, associating it with feelings of exhaustion. However, men tended to overrate their health, hiding their problems behind the ‘tough guy’ stereotype associated with masculinity. Both women and men shared the belief that women are more vulnerable, while men are weaker at coping with illness. The explanatory models offered for this paradox of ‘weak but strong women’ and ‘tough but weak men’ were different for each sex. Men used biological arguments more than women, centred on the female reproductive cycle. Women used more cultural models and identified determinants relating to social stratification, gender roles and power imbalances. In conclusion, gender constructions affect the health perceptions of both women and men at any social level or age. ‘Exhausted’ women and ‘tough’ men should form preferential target groups for intervention to reduce gender inequalities in health.
THE ROLE OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD FOR FIRM RELOCATION
Authors: SLEUTJES BART , VÖLKER BEATE 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe residential neighbourhood has become more important as a business environment as a result of economic and societal developments. However, some neighbourhoods are characterised by relatively high out‐migration of firms; disadvantaged neighbourhoods in particular. This suggests that there may be factors at the neighbourhood level that steer relocation behaviour of local entrepreneurs. In this paper, we investigate how entrepreneurs valuate location aspects, including social and physical characteristics of the neighbourhood, and how this valuation relates to planned or actual firm relocation. The results show that the neighbourhood plays only a modest role for ‘being a (potentially) mobile firm’. Rather, relocation (propensity) results from growth ambition, and the most important reasons for both relocation and staying put are therefore the size and quality of the business premises itself or personal housing preferences. Policy aiming at retaining entrepreneurs in neighbourhoods is most successful if targeted at the supply of appropriate business space.
Acceptability of misoprostol‐only medical termination of pregnancy compared with vacuum aspiration: an international, multicentre trial
Authors: Rodriguez MI , Seuc A , Kapp N , von Hertzen H , Huong NTM , Wojdyla D , Mittal S , Arustamyan K , Shah R ,   the World Health Organization Research Group on Post‐Ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation
Published: March 2012

Please cite this paper as: Rodriguez M, Seuc A, Kapp N, von Hertzen H, Huong N, Wojdyla D, Mittal S, Arustamyan K, Shah R, the World Health Organization Research Group on Post‐Ovulatory Methods of Fertility Regulation. Acceptability of misoprostol‐only medical termination of pregnancy compared with vacuum aspiration: an international, multicentre trial. BJOG 2012;119:817–823.Objective  To compare women’s acceptance of misoprostol‐only medical termination of pregnancy (TOP) with surgical TOP.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  Termination of pregnancy clinics in New Delhi, Mumbai, Hanoi, Tbilisi, Trivandrum and Yerevan.Population  Women requesting TOP, at 63 days of gestation or less, at study sites where both medical and surgical methods were available.Methods  Serial surveys eliciting measures of women’s satisfaction and acceptance of TOP method were administered. Data were analysed using cross‐tabulation and logistic regression to determine if TOP method was predictive of acceptability.Main outcome measures  Patient acceptance.Results  High acceptability of both surgical and misoprostol‐only TOP.Conclusions  Where medical TOP with mifepristone is not available, misoprostol‐only medical TOP is acceptable to women who have the choice between medical or surgical techniques.
Genetic depletion of brain 5HT reveals a common molecular pathway mediating compulsivity and impulsivity
Authors: Angoa‐Pérez Mariana , Kane Michael J. , Briggs Denise I. , Sykes Catherine E. , Shah Mrudang M. , Francescutti Dina M. , Rosenberg David R. , Thomas David M. , Kuhn Donald M. 
Published: March 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 974–984.AbstractNeuropsychiatric disorders characterized by behavioral disinhibition, including disorders of compulsivity (e.g. obsessive–compulsive disorder; OCD) and impulse‐control (e.g. impulsive aggression), are severe, highly prevalent and chronically disabling. Treatment options for these diseases are extremely limited. The pathophysiological bases of disorders of behavioral disinhibition are poorly understood but it has been suggested that serotonin dysfunction may play a role. Mice lacking the gene encoding brain tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2−/−), the initial and rate‐limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin, were tested in numerous behavioral assays that are well known for their utility in modeling human neuropsychiatric diseases. Mice lacking Tph2 (and brain 5HT) show intense compulsive and impulsive behaviors to include extreme aggression. The impulsivity is motor in form and not cognitive because Tph2−/− mice show normal acquisition and reversal learning on a spatial learning task. Restoration of 5HT levels by treatment of Tph2−/− mice with its immediate precursor 5‐hydroxytryptophan attenuated compulsive and impulsive–aggressive behaviors. Surprisingly, in Tph2−/− mice, the lack of 5HT was not associated with anxiety‐like behaviors. The results indicate that 5HT mediates behavioral disinhibition in the mammalian brain independent of anxiogenesis.
Collapsin response mediator protein‐2 phosphorylation promotes the reversible retraction of oligodendrocyte processes in response to non‐lethal oxidative stress
Authors: Fernández‐Gamba Agata , Leal María Celeste , Maarouf Chera L. , Richter‐Landsberg Christiane , Wu Terence , Morelli Laura , Roher Alex E. , Castaño Eduardo M. 
Published: March 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 121, 985–995.AbstractThe extension of processes of oligodendrocyte (OLG) and their precursor cells are crucial for migration, axonal contact and myelination. Here we show that a non‐lethal oxidative stress induced by 3‐nitropropionic acid (3‐NP) elicited a rapid shortening of processes (∼24%) in primary OLGs and in oligodendroglial cell line (OLN‐93) cells (∼36%) as compared with vehicle‐exposed cells. This was reversible and prevented by antioxidants. Proteomics of OLG lysates with and without 3‐NP treatment yielded collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP‐2) as a candidate effector molecule. Inhibition of rho kinase was sufficient to prevent process retraction in both OLGs and OLN‐93 cells. Oxidative stress increased phosphorylation of CRMP‐2 at T555 that was completely prevented by Y27632. Moreover, transfection of OLN‐93 cells with the mutant CRMP‐2 T555A which cannot be phosphorylated by rho kinase, prevented process shortening induced by 3‐NP as compared with wild‐type CRMP‐2. Our results suggest a role for endogenous reactive oxygen species in a pathway that regulates OLG process extension. The vulnerability of late myelinated neurons in the adult brain and the presence of white matter pathology in human dementias warrant the study of this oligodendroglial pathway in the early stages of neurodegenerative conditions characterized by oxidative stress.
Multimodal therapeutic approach and interdisciplinary challenge for the treatment of unresectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in six cats: a pilot study
Authors: Marconato L. , Buchholz J. , Keller M. , Bettini G. , Valenti P. , Kaser‐Hotz B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFeline head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a loco‐regional disease harbouring a poor prognosis. The complex anatomic location precludes aggressive surgical resection and tumours recur within weeks to few months. Response to chemotherapy and local control after radiation therapy has been disappointing. In this study, a multimodal approach including medical treatment (thalidomide, piroxicam and bleomycin), radiation therapy (accelerated, hypofractionated protocol) and surgery was attempted in six cats. Treatment was well tolerated. Three cats with sublingual SCC were alive and in complete remission at data analysis closure after 759, 458 and 362 days. One cat with laryngeal SCC died of renal lymphoma after 51 days and the other with maxillary SCC died of a primary lung tumour 82 days after diagnosis. In both cats, the SCC was in complete remission. Only one cat developed metastases after 144 days. These encouraging preliminary results merit further evaluation in future trials.
Hepatocellular adenoma subtypes: the impact of overweight and obesity
Authors: Bioulac‐Sage Paulette , Taouji Said , Possenti Laurent , Balabaud Charles 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular adenomas (HCA) are rare benign tumours occurring mainly in women using oral contraceptives. With the appearance of a generation of new oral contraceptives, the number of HCA cases was anticipated to decrease, but in fact this was not observed in our practice. The influence of obesity was therefore suspected as a new co‐factor.AimsThe aim of this study was to analyze the impact of overweight/obesity in our cohort of HCA patients classified according to their subtypes.ResultsThe number of HCA noticeably increased faster in the 2001–2011 period compared to the 1990–2000 period. This phenomenon concurred with an increasing number of patients overweight or obese. Females still represented the great majority of overweight/obese patients presenting HCA, however, overweight/obese male patients constituted a new entity in the inflammatory HCA and β‐catenin activated‐ inflammatory HCA subgroups.ConclusionWe propose that overweight/obesity may soon represent a major risk of malignant transformation of HCA, possibly via the IL‐6 pathway.
The Impact of Helicobacter pylori on Atopic Disorders in Childhood
Authors: Holster I. Lisanne , Vila Anne Marie J. , Caudri Daan , den Hoed Caroline M. , Perez‐Perez Guillermo I. , Blaser Martin J. , de Jongste Johan C. , Kuipers Ernst J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground:  The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Western populations has steadily decreased. This has been suggested as one of the factors involved in the recent increase of asthma and allergy. Some studies have reported a negative association between H. pylori and asthma and allergy, but data are inconsistent and there are a few studies in children.Aim:  We investigated whether the prevalence of H. pylori was associated with asthma symptoms, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in childhood.Methods:  We determined IgG anti‐H. pylori and CagA antibodies in serum of Dutch children, who took part in the PIAMA birth cohort study. Serum was collected from 545 children, aged 7–9 years (Dutch ethnicity 91.5%). Symptoms of asthma and atopy were assessed by yearly questionnaires. Chi‐square tests and logistic regression were used.Results:  We found 9%H. pylori and 0.9% CagA seropositivity. Twelve (5.9%) children with reported wheezing ever were H. pylori positive, compared to 37 (10.9%) of the non‐wheezers (p = .05). No significant differences in H. pylori prevalence were found between children with or without allergic rhinitis (8.5% vs 9.5%), atopic dermatitis (8.7% vs 9.2%), and physician‐diagnosed asthma (7.1% vs 9.4%). Multivariate analysis showed no significant associations between H. pylori seropositivity and wheezing (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.25–1.06), allergic rhinitis (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.51–1.81), atopic dermatitis (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.56–1.98) or physician‐diagnosed asthma (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.37–2.08).Conclusion:  We found a borderline significantly lower H. pylori seropositivity in children with wheezing compared to non‐wheezers, but no association between H. pylori serum‐antibody status and allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, or asthma.
Phasic GABAA‐receptor activation is required to suppress epileptiform activity in the CA3 region of the immature rat hippocampus
Authors: Kolbaev Sergey N. , Sharopov Salim , Dierkes Paul W. , Luhmann Heiko J. , Kilb Werner 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Despite the consistent observation that γ‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptors mediate excitatory responses at perinatal stages, the role of the GABAergic system in the generation of neonatal epileptiform activity remains controversial. Therefore, we analyzed whether tonic and phasic GABAergic transmission had differential effects on neuronal excitability during early development.Methods:  We performed whole cell patch‐clamp and field potential recordings in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices from immature (postnatal day 4–7) rats to analyze the effect of specific antagonists and modulators of tonic and phasic GABAergic components on neuronal excitability.Key Findings:  The GABAergic antagonists gabazine (3 μm) and picrotoxin (100 μm) induced epileptiform discharges, whereas activation of GABAA receptors attenuated epileptiform discharges. Under low‐Mg2+ conditions, 100 nm gabazine and 1 μm picrotoxin were sufficient to provoke epileptiform activity in 63.2% (n = 19) and 53.8% (n = 26) of the slices, respectively. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp experiments revealed that these concentrations significantly reduced the amplitude of phasic GABAergic postsynaptic currents but had no effect on tonic currents. In contrast, 1‐μm 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxaz‐olo[5,4‐c]‐pyridin‐3‐ol (THIP) induced a tonic current of −12 ± 2.5 pA (n = 6) and provoked epileptiform discharges in 57% (n = 21) of the slices.Significance:  We conclude from these results that in the early postnatal rat hippocampus a constant phasic synaptic activity is required to control excitability and prevent epileptiform activity, whereas tonic GABAergic currents can mediate excitatory responses. Pharmacologic intervention at comparable human developmental stages should consider these ambivalent GABAergic actions.
Postictal generalized EEG suppression is linked to seizure‐associated respiratory dysfunction but not postictal apnea
Authors: Seyal Masud , Hardin Kimberly A. , Bateman Lisa M. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPurpose:  The relationship of postictal generalized electroencephalography (EEG) suppression (PGES) with sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is controversial. It has been suggested that PGES is associated with respiratory inhibition leading to SUDEP, but the relationship between PGES and respiratory depression is unknown. Respiratory rate and amplitude of airflow increase following seizures but there is persistent hypercapnia and hypoxemia.To determine whether seizures with PGES result in respiratory dysfunction, we analyzed respiratory parameters recorded during video‐EEG telemetry in patients with localization‐related epilepsy.Methods:  Secondarily generalized convulsive seizures (GC) with PGES on scalp EEG or bilateral postictal attenuation (BA) on intracranial recordings were compared to GC without PGES/BA. Oxygen desaturation nadir and duration, end‐tidal CO2 (ETCO2), apnea duration, and duration of the seizure and of the convulsive component were compared in GC with or without PGES/BA.Key Findings:  There was no significant difference between GC with (n = 30) or without PGES/BA (n = 72) for total seizure duration or duration of the convulsion. GC with PGES/BA had a mean oxygen desaturation nadir of 68.8 ± 11.8% (71.5, 43–88) (mean ± standard deviation [median, range]) that was lower (p = 0.002) than seizures without PGES/BA (76.31 ± 10.17% [79, 42–93]). The duration of desaturation was significantly longer and peak ETCO2 higher in GC with PGES/BA. There was no difference in apnea duration. Apnea did not start during PGES/BA and did not typically extend into the postictal period in GC with or without PGES/BA.Significance:  PGES is not associated with postictal central apnea but is more likely related to the severity of seizure‐associated intrinsic pulmonary dysfunction.
Mapping the availability, price, and affordability of antiepileptic drugs in 46 countries
Authors: Cameron Alexandra , Bansal Amit , Dua Tarun , Hill Suzanne R. , Moshe Solomon L. , Mantel‐Teeuwisse Aukje K. , Saxena Shekhar 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPurpose:  In low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), a large proportion of people with epilepsy do not receive treatment. An analysis of the availability, price, and affordability of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was conducted to evaluate whether these factors contribute to the treatment gap.Methods:  Data for five AEDs (phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, phenobarbital, and diazepam) were obtained from facility‐based surveys conducted in 46 countries using the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology. Outcome measures were percentage availability, ratios of local prices to international reference prices, and number of days’ wages needed by the lowest‐paid unskilled government worker to purchase treatment. Prices were adjusted for inflation/deflation and purchasing power parity.Key Findings:  The average availability of generic AEDs in the public sector was <50% for all medicines except diazepam injection. Private sector availability of generic oral AEDs ranged from 42.2% for phenytoin to 69.6% for phenobarbital. Public sector patient prices for generic carbamazepine and phenytoin were 4.95 and 17.50 times higher than international reference prices, respectively, whereas private sector patient prices were 11.27 and 24.77 times higher, respectively. For both medicines, originator brand prices were about 30 times higher. The highest prices were observed in the lowest income countries. The lowest‐paid government worker would need wages from 1–2.6 days’ to purchase a month’s supply of phenytoin, whereas carbamazepine would cost 2.7–16.2 days’ wages. Despite its widespread use in LMICs, WHO/HAI survey data for phenobarbital was only available from a small number of countries.Significance:  In LMICs, availability and affordability of AEDs are poor and may be acting as a barrier to accessing treatment for epilepsy. Ensuring a consistent supply of AEDs at an affordable price should be a priority.
A Model for the Transportation of Hazardous Waste*
Authors: Klein Cerry M. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTMany decision problems, such as the transportation of hazardous waste, can be modeled by networks. However, due to the imprecise nature of much of the information decision makers have available, it is sometimes difficult to determine a best approach to the problem. To alleviate this problem, a network model that combines both precise and imprecise information is presented for the transportation of hazardous waste. The properties of the network model are investigated and solution procedures are presented.
Faculty Performance Evaluation: Modeling to Improve Personnel Decisions*
Authors: Mesak Hani I. , Jauch Lawrence R. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTBased on likely future changes in faculty evaluation practices, this paper examines how institutions of higher education might operationalize performance evaluation as related to research, teaching, and service. A model is developed that allows coupling performance evaluation and relevant market considerations with merit pay, tenure, and promotion decisions. The approach is specifically applicable to tenure‐track faculty members in colleges and universities.
Ti5Al2C3: A New Ternary Carbide Belonging to MAX Phases in the Ti–Al–C System
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Zhang Hui , Zheng Liya , Ma Yonghui , Lu Xinpo , Sun Yinjie , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: March 2012

A new compound, Ti5Al2C3, is identified in the bulk sample prepared by reactive hot pressing a mixture of Ti, Al and graphite powders with a nominal molar ratio of Ti:Al:C = 5:2.15:2.78 at 1580°C for 1 h. This compound follows the crystal structure of other MAX phases. The lattice parameters are a = 0.3038 nm, c = 3.2261 nm, and the atomic positions are Ti1 at 4f (1/3, 2/3, 0.0208), Ti2 at 4f (1/3, 2/3, 0.1778), Ti3 at 2d (2/3, 1/3, 0.25), Al at 4e (0, 0, 0.1035), C1 at 2a (0, 0, 0), and C2 at 4e (0, 0, 0.2102).