bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyposensitization Therapy with Autologous Semen in Two Dutch Caucasian Males: Beneficial Effects in Postorgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS; Part 2)
Authors: Waldinger Marcel D. , Meinardi Marcus M.H.M. , Schweitzer Dave H. 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Postorgasmic illness syndrome (POIS) is a post-ejaculatory complex of local and/or systemic symptoms that nearly always occurs within seconds, minutes, or hours post-masturbation, coitus, or spontaneous ejaculation. Recent data suggest an autoimmunogenic/allergic underlying mechanism.

Aim
To treat males with POIS by hyposensitization with their own semen (autologous semen).

Methods
Two males suffering from POIS, of which one male with coincidental lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) were investigated. Based on their local and systemic symptoms including a positive dermatologic reaction after skin-prick testing with autologous semen, auto-allergy to semen was likely an underlying mechanism. A hyposensitization program was initiated, including multiple subcutaneous (SC) injections with autologous semen, initially at 2 weeks intervals in the first year and gradually at 4 weeks intervals in the second and third year. From initial semen dilutions of 1 on 40,000 and 1 on 20,000, the titers were gradually increased to 1 on 20 and 1 to 280, respectively.

Main Outcome Measures
Evaluation with a dedicated questionnaire about severity of POIS symptoms and specialized interviews on self-perceived intravaginal ejaculation latency times (IELT) before and during the desensitization program.

Results
POIS was confirmed in both subjects, PE was confirmed in one male, and skin-prick tests with autologous semen in both subjects were positive. During the program, gradual reduction of complaints resulted in 60% and 90% amelioration of POIS complaints at 31 and 15 months, respectively, which coincided in one male with a delay of the IELT from 20 seconds at baseline to 10 minutes after 3 years of treatment. The cause of this association with IELT is unknown and remains to be elucidated.

Conclusions
Two males with POIS were successfully treated by hyposensitization with autologous semen, which supports an immunogenic/allergic etiology and underscores the clinical implication for immunological sexual medicine.
Ten questions for evolutionary studies of disease vulnerability
Authors: Nesse Randolph M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMany evolutionary applications in medicine rely on well‐established methods, such as population genetics, phylogenetic analysis, and observing pathogen evolution. Approaches to evolutionary questions about traits that leave bodies vulnerable to disease are less well developed. Strategies for formulating questions and hypotheses remain unsettled, and methods for testing evolutionary hypotheses are unfamiliar to many in medicine. This article uses recent examples to illustrate successful strategies and some common challenges. Ten questions arise in the course of considering hypotheses about traits that leave bodies vulnerable to disease. Addressing them systematically can help minimize confusion and errors.
Knowledge, Ignorance and True Belief
Authors: LE MORVAN PIERRE 
Published: January 2011

AbstractSuppose that knowledge and ignorance are complements in the sense of being mutually exclusive: for person S and fact p, either S knows that p or is ignorant that p. Understood in this way, ignorance amounts to a lack or absence of knowledge: S is ignorant that p if and only if it is not the case that S knows that p. Let us call the thesis that knowledge and ignorance are opposites the “Complement Thesis”. In this article, I discuss its deployment in an ingenious new argument advanced by Alvin Goldman and Erik Olsson (2009) which, if sound, establishes that there is a kind of knowledge that amounts to nothing more than true belief. I rebut their argument and in doing so delineate some important epistemological lessons brought to light by the contrast between ignorance and knowledge.
COMPUTING GRAPH SPANNERS IN SMALL MEMORY: FAULT-TOLERANCE AND STREAMING
Authors: AUSIELLO GIORGIO , RIBICHINI ANDREA , FRANCIOSA PAOLO G. , ITALIANO GIUSEPPE F. 
Published: January 2011

Let G be an undirected graph with m edges and n vertices. A spanner of G is a subgraph which preserves approximate distances between all pairs of vertices. An f-vertex fault-tolerant spanner is a subgraph which preserves approximate distances, under the failure of any set of at most f vertices. The contribution of this paper is twofold: we present algorithms for computing fault-tolerant spanners, and propose streaming algorithms for computing spanners in very small internal memory. In particular, we give algorithms for computing f-vertex fault-tolerant (3,2)- and (2,1)-spanners of G with the following bounds: our (3,2)-spanner contains O(f4/3n4/3) edges and can be computed in time Õ(f2m), while our(2, 1)-spanner contains O(fn3/2) edges and can be computed in time [Formula: see text]. Both algorithms improve significantly on previously known bounds. Assume that the graph G is presented as an input stream of edges, which may appear in any arbitrary order, and that we do not know in advance m and n. We show how to compute efficiently (3, 2)- and (2, 1)-spanners of G, using only very small internal memory and as low access external memory device. Our spanners have asymptotically optimal size and the I/O complexity of our algorithms for computing such spanners is optimal upto apolylogarithmic factor. Our f-vertex fault-tolerant (3, 2)- and (2, 1)-spanners can also be computed efficiently in the same computational model described above.
TRIANGLE-FREE 2-MATCHINGS REVISITED
Authors: BABENKO MAXIM , GUSAKOV ALEXEY , RAZENSHTEYN ILYA 
Published: January 2011

A 2-matching in an undirected graph G = (VG, EG) is a function x: EG → {0, 1, 2} such that for each node v ∈ VG the sum of values x(e) for all edges e incident to v does not exceed 2. The size of x is the sum ∑e x(e). If {e ∈ EG|x(e) ≠ 0} contains no triangles then x is called triangle-free. Cornuéjols and Pulleyblank devised a combinatorial O(mn)-algorithm that finds a maximum triangle free 2-matching of size (hereinafter n ≔ |VG|, m ≔ |EG|) and also established a min-max theorem. We claim that this approach is, in fact, superfluous by demonstrating how these results may be obtained directly from the Edmonds–Gallai decomposition. Applying the algorithm of Micali and Vazirani we are able to find a maximum triangle-free 2-matching in [Formula: see text] time. Also we give a short self-contained algorithmic proof of the min-max theorem. Next, we consider the case of regular graphs. It is well-known that every regular graph admits a perfect 2-matching. One can easily strengthen this result and prove that every d-regular graph (for d ≥ 3) contains a perfect triangle-free 2-matching. We give the following algorithms for finding a perfect triangle-free 2-matching in a d-regular graph: an O(n)-algorithm for d = 3, an O(m + n3/2)-algorithm for d = 2k(k ≥ 2), and an O(n2)-algorithm for d = 2k + 1(k ≥ 2). We also prove that there exists a constant c > 1 such that every 3-regular graph contains at least cn perfect triangle-free 2-matchings.
On The Fixed-Point Property of Unital Uniformly Closed Subalgebras of "Equation missing"
Authors: Alimohammadi Davood , Moradi Sirous 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLet "Equation missing" be a compact Hausdorff topological space and let "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" denote the complex and real Banach algebras of all continuous complex-valued and continuous real-valued functions on "Equation missing" under the uniform norm on "Equation missing", respectively. Recently, Fupinwong and Dhompongsa (2010) obtained a general condition for infinite dimensional unital commutative real and complex Banach algebras to fail the fixed-point property and showed that "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" are examples of such algebras. At the same time Dhompongsa et al. (2010) showed that a complex "Equation missing"-algebra "Equation missing" has the fixed-point property if and only if "Equation missing" is finite dimensional. In this paper we show that some complex and real unital uniformly closed subalgebras of "Equation missing" do not have the fixed-point property by using the results given by them and by applying the concept of peak points for those subalgebras.
Dehydrocoupling Reactions of Secondary and Primary Amine–Borane Adducts Catalyzed by Half-sandwich Carbonyl Complexes, [CpMn(CO)3], [(η6-C6H6)Cr(CO)3], and [CpV(CO)4]
Authors: Kakizawa Taeko , Kawano Yasuro , Naganeyama Kohsuke , Shimoi Mamoru 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Dehydrocoupling reactions of amine–borane adducts catalyzed by half-sandwich carbonyl complexes are described. Secondary amine–borane adducts released H2 with catalytic action of [CpMn(CO)3] (Cp: η5-C5H5), [(η6-C6H6)Cr(CO)3], and [CpV(CO)4] under photoirradiation to produce dimeric or monomeric aminoboranes. These results were parallel to the [M(CO)6]-catalyzed system (M = Cr, Mo, and W); however, the reactions were considerably slower. Dehydrocoupling of BH3·NH2Me afforded an aminoborane polymer, [BH2NHMe]n.
Dual Dopable Poly(phenylacetylene) with Nitronyl Nitroxide Pendants for Reversible Ambipolar Charging and Discharging
Authors: Oyaizu Kenichi , Sukegawa Takashi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
An electrode-attached layer of poly(phenylacetylene) bearing a pendant nitronyl nitroxide group per repeating unit, obtained by the Rh-catalyzed polymerization of 2-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl 3-oxide, underwent oxidation and reduction at 0.80 and −0.84 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. The magnetically determined unpaired electron density of 92% was coulometrically reproduced, which supported the presumption that the radical survived during the course of the polymerization to allow both positive and negative charging of the pristine neutral polymer substantially per repeating unit. Galvanostatic Coulomb titration revealed the charge storage capability of the polymer, which demonstrated usefulness as organic electrode-active material with unprecedented ambipolar chargeability.
Stellettazole D, a Cytotoxic Imidazole Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Jaspis duoaster
Authors: Sato Seizo , Iwata Fumie , Takeo Jiro , Kawahara Hiroyuki , Kuramoto Makoto , Uno Hidemitsu 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
A new cytotoxic imidazole alkaloid, stellettazole D, containing norsesquiterpene and aminopropylimidazolium units, has been isolated from the marine sponge Jaspis duoaster. The structure of stellettazole D was assigned on the basis of NMR, mass spectrometry, and IR spectral data. Stellettazole D has moderate cytotoxicity against a limited number of tumor cells.
New polyhedra – Part 3
Authors: Andersson Sten 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We describe generalized polyhedra of icosahedron type with analytic mathematics (exponential summation method) using the ordinary (Platon and Archimedes) polyhedra and their interpenetrations (mixed polyhedra). To this we add the Hardy devation for enhancing the topology within each structure type. The findings are compared with the structures of some viruses.
Binding of Human Serum Proteins to Titanium Dioxide Particles In Vitro
Authors: Zaqout Mazen S.K. , Sumizawa Tomoyuki , Igisu Hideki , Higashi Toshiaki , Myojo Toshihiko 
Published: January 2011

Binding of Human Serum Proteins to Titanium Dioxide Particles In Vitro: Mazen S.K. Zaqout, et al. Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan—ObjectivesTo determine the capacity of human serum proteins to bind to titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles of different polymorphs and sizes.MethodsTiO 2 particles were mixed with diluted human serum, purified human serum albumin (HSA) or purified human serum gamma‐globulin (HGG) solutions. After incubation at 37°C for 1 h, the particles were sedimented by centrifugation, and proteins in the supernatant, as well as those bound to the particles, were analyzed.ResultsThe total protein concentration in the supernatant was lowered by TiO2, whereas the albumin/globulin ratio was elevated by the particles. Incubation with TiO 2 also lowered the immunoglobulin, pre‐albumin, beta2‐microglobulin, ceruloplasmin and retinol‐binding protein levels, but not ferritin levels, in the supernatant. After sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE),proteins in the supernatant, especially HGG, were observed to decrease, while those released from the particles (after adding 1% SDS and heating) increased, depending on the dose of TiO2 . Purified HGG and HSA were also bound to TiO 2, although the former appeared to have a higher affinity. All the proteins tested showed the highest binding potency to the amorphous particles (<50 nm) and the lowest to the rutile particles (<5,000 nm), while binding to anatase particles was intermediate. The affinity to the larger anatase was higher than that to smaller anatase particles in most cases.ConclusionsHuman serum proteins, including the two major components, HSA and HGG, are bound by TiO2 particles. The polymorph of the particles seems to be important for determining the binding capacity of the particles and it may affect distribution of the particles in the body.
Occupational Exposure to Phenolic Compounds at Coke Plants—Urinary Excretion of Methoxyphenols as an Indicator of Exposure to Methoxyphenols
Authors: Bieniek Grażyna , Stępień Krystyna 
Published: January 2011

Occupational Exposure to Phenolic Compounds at Coke Plants—Urinary Excretion of Methoxyphenols as an Indicator of Exposure to Methoxyphenols: Grażyna Bieniek, et al. Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Poland—ObjectivesThis study describes the exposure of coke plant workers to methoxyphenols. The relationship between exposure to methoxyphenols and urinary excretion of metabolites was examined.MethodsWe determined concentrations of 2‐methoxyphenol, 2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol and 1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl) ethanone in the breathing‐zone air and in the urine of workers, collected after the workshift. Urine metabolites were extracted after enzymatic hydrolysis by solid‐phase extraction. Concentrations of methoxyphenols in air and urine were determined by gas chromatography with flame‐ionization.ResultsThe time‐weighted average concentrations (median) of methoxyphenols in the breathing zone air were as follows: 9.9 ng/m3, 15.4 ng/ m3and 92.5 ng/m3for 2‐methoxyphenol, 2‐methoxy‐4methylphenol and 1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl) ethanone, respectively. The median values of urinary concentrations were as follows: 582.5, 190.1, 235.0 and 21.8 µmol/mol creatinine for 2‐methoxyphenol, 2‐methoxy‐4 methylphenol, 1‐(4‐hydroxy‐3methoxyphenyl)ethanone and 2,6‐dimethoxyphenol, respectively. A statistically significant correlation between the exposure level and the urinary level was found for 2‐methoxyphenol (r=0.573, p <0.01).ConclusionWe found that the presence of 2‐methoxyphenol in urine can be used as a biomarker for 2‐methoxyphenol exposure. The analysis performed at the coke plant showed that the workers were exposed to relatively low concentrations of methoxyphenols.
Determination of phase transitions in Y-shaped, branched alkane, C<sub>120</sub>H<sub>241</sub>CH(C<sub>195</sub>H<sub>391</sub>)C<sub>119</sub>H<sub>23</sub> using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wickramarachchi PA Suranga L , Spells Stephen J 
Published: January 2011

Raman spectroscopy has been used to identify solid – solid phase transitions in the symmetrically branched alkane, C120H241CH(C195H391)C119H23 during real-time heating. The vibrational modes in the region from 1700 to 200 cm-1 were studied. A single phase transition was identified at 87°C ± 5°C in this alkane based on the changes in the band intensities. It was revealed that the crystalline bands show subtle changes whereas the disorder bands show the most significant changes at this transition. Key words: Monodisperse alkanes; vibrational spectroscopy; crystal structuresDOI: 10.4038/josuk.v4i0.2696J Sci.Univ.Kelaniya 4 (2008): 36-45
Service technologies creates a tangible link for value generation: service economy in Sri Lanka
Authors: Ekanayake Shyamalie , Abeysinghe Dhammika 
Published: January 2011

A country’s ability to develop a competitive service economy depends on its production sector, as they demand use of services. Continuous improvement or innovation in technologies in both manufacturing and services will simultaneously increase smooth flow of operations for competitiveness by lowering cost of production to enhance customer satisfaction, to attain value. The success of different industries depends on how well the service sector is geared to support them. To carry out better management strategies for value gain, it is necessary to provide a tangible link to integrate the production and distribution channels for efficiency and effectiveness of the organizational and technological dimensions. Technology transfer and continuous innovation of systems enhances productivity growth for cost competitiveness leading to better prices, responsiveness and flexibility of the processes to deliver a quality product to changing markets. The research purpose is therefore to identify management strategies and service technologies to analyze the characteristics of research variables in relation to GDP value generating sectors and focus on issues relating to value. Key words: resources; service technology; integration; value.DOI: 10.4038/josuk.v4i0.2699J Sci.Univ.Kelaniya 4 (2008): 73-94
Discrete Series for p-adic SO(2n) and Restrictions of Representations of O(2n)
Authors: Jantzen Chris 
Published: January 2011

Abstract In this paper we give a classification of discrete series for SO(2n, F), F p-adic, similar to that of Mœglin–Tadić for the other classical groups. This is obtained by taking the Mœglin–Tadić classification for O(2n, F) and studying how the representations restrict to SO(2n, F). We then extend this to an analysis of how admissible representations of O(2n, F) restrict.
Hepatitis
B
Virus
Authors: Jilbert Allison R , Reaiche Georget Y , Clouston Andrew , Mason William S 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Human

hepatitis B virus

(HBV) is the prototype member of the
Hepadnaviridae
family of viruses, characterised by a relaxed circular, ∼3200‐bp
deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) genome (rcDNA) with replication primarily in hepatocytes, the major parenchymal cell of the liver. HBV infections may be transient or chronic. All hepadnaviruses, including those that infect humans as well as small animal species, are similar clinically and biologically. Part of the replication strategy includes conversion of the rcDNA genome into covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is found exclusively in the nucleus of infected hepatocytes. This cccDNA acts as template for the transcription of all hepadnaviral messenger
ribonucleic acids
(mRNAs). One of the largest mRNAs, the pregenome, is reverse transcribed in the cytoplasm into new rcDNA. cccDNA is a highly stable molecule present as a mini chromosome with up to 10–50 copies in the nucleus of each infected hepatocyte. The stability of cccDNA, the noncytolytic nature of infection and the fact that hepatocytes constitute a self‐renewing population make chronic HBV infections difficult to treat. The natural course of chronic HBV infection consists of four phases: immune tolerance, immune clearance, immune control and reactivation and is associated with liver disease that encompasses a wide range of histological changes.

Key Concepts:

There are two possible outcomes of HBV infection: transient or chronic infection.

Transient (acute) HBV infections often spread to infect >95% of hepatocytes and can be rapidly cleared from the liver.

Ninety to ninety‐five percent of adults experience transient infections, whereas 30–90% of children develop chronic HBV infections.

Chronic HBV infection can result in liver disease including portal and lobular inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Multiple copies of cccDNA are present in each infected hepatocyte and act as a stable reservoir for HBV infection.

The highly stable nature of cccDNA is the major factor in the failure of antiviral therapy during chronic HBV infection.

Pre‐exposure vaccination with HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) particles results in an anti‐HBs antibody response that provides immunity against HBV infection.

HBV remains a major worldwide problem with >360 million people with chronic infection.
Beneden, Edouard Van
Authors: Van Dyck Marie Claire 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The Belgian biologist Edouard Van Beneden (1846–1910) had a successful scientific career. His dissertation demonstrating the omnipresence in the whole animal kingdom, of the egg's unicellular constitution was awarded by the prize of the Royal Academy of Belgium. In 1870, he became professor at the University of Liège and corresponding member of the Royal Academy of Belgium and became chartered member in 1872.
Using cytology in embryology and selecting a suitable material to study the fertilisation, he was the first to observe meiosis, described the centrosome and understood the very early polarisation of the egg.
Protein: Cotranslational and Posttranslational Modification in Organelles
Authors: Shandala Tetyana , Parkinson‐Lawrence Emma J , Brooks Doug A 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPolypeptides can be modified in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) either during their synthesis (cotranslational) or after the initial synthesis has been completed (posttranslational). These structural modifications are also referred to as protein processing events, which can includeN‐linked glycosylation;O‐linked glycosylation; glycolipid attachment; disulfide bond formation to generate secondary structure; modification to fold the polypeptide into a stable tertiary structure (low free energy state) and proteolytic processing of the nascent polypeptide or precursor protein to generate either protein subunits or mature functional protein. Cotranslational and posttranslational modification is therefore critical for generating stable protein structure and ultimately appropriate function. Protein processing is also used to generate appropriate targeting signals, which, following synthesis, are used to traffic each protein to either its correct subcellular compartment or extracellular destination.Key Concepts:Transcribed mRNA contains the code for polypeptide synthesis, which is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to initiate protein translation.For noncytosolic proteins, the mature mRNA is bound by ribosomes in the cytoplasm, to synthesise a signal sequence, and this complex is then transported to the RER for additional polypeptide synthesis.Newly synthesised polypeptides undergo cotranslational modification in the RER.N‐linked glycosylation is an essential structural component that is added to the nascent polypeptide in the RER and is involved in the initial steps of protein folding.Molecular chaperones in the RER facilitate protein folding to generate correct protein secondary and tertiary structure.There is a quality control process to ensure that only correctly folded and processed proteins exit the RER.Posttranslational modifications can take place in different cellular organelles such as the RER, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes and secretory vesicles.The Golgi is involved in posttranslational glycoprocessing and the generation of signals for targeting protein to its final destination.Posttranslational proteolytic processing can be used to generate protein subunits and mature functional proteins.