bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated tear film break-up time measurement for dry eye diagnosis using deep learning
Authors: El Barche Fatima-Zahra , Benyoussef Anas-Alexis , El Habib Daho Mostafa , Lamard Antonin , Quellec Gwenolé , Cochener Béatrice , Lamard Mathieu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the realm of ophthalmology, precise measurement of tear film break-up time (TBUT) plays a crucial role in diagnosing dry eye disease (DED). This study aims to introduce an automated approach utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to mitigate subjectivity and enhance the reliability of TBUT measurement. We employed a dataset of 47 slit lamp videos for development, while a test dataset of 20 slit lamp videos was used for evaluating the proposed approach. The multistep approach for TBUT estimation involves the utilization of a Dual-Task Siamese Network for classifying video frames into tear film breakup or non-breakup categories. Subsequently, a postprocessing step incorporates a Gaussian filter to smooth the instant breakup/non-breakup predictions effectively. Applying a threshold to the smoothed predictions identifies the initiation of tear film breakup. Our proposed method demonstrates on the evaluation dataset a precise breakup/non-breakup classification of video frames, achieving an Area Under the Curve of 0.870. At the video level, we observed a strong Pearson correlation coefficient (r) of 0.81 between TBUT assessments conducted using our approach and the ground truth. These findings underscore the potential of AI-based approaches in quantifying TBUT, presenting a promising avenue for advancing diagnostic methodologies in ophthalmology.
Structure-specific rigid dose accumulation dosimetric analysis of ablative stereotactic MRI-guided adaptive radiation therapy in ultracentral lung lesions
Authors: Bryant J. M. , Cruz-Chamorro Ruben J. , Gan Alberic , Liveringhouse Casey , Weygand Joseph , Nguyen Ann , Keit Emily , Sandoval Maria L. , Sim Austin J. , Perez Bradford A. , Dilling Thomas J. , Redler Gage , Andreozzi Jacqueline , Nardella Louis , Naghavi Arash O. , Feygelman Vladimir , Latifi Kujtim , Rosenberg Stephen A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Definitive local therapy with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) for ultracentral lung lesions is associated with a high risk of toxicity, including treatment related death. Stereotactic MR-guided adaptive radiation therapy (SMART) can overcome many of the challenges associated with SABR treatment of ultracentral lesions.

Methods
We retrospectively identified 14 consecutive patients who received SMART to ultracentral lung lesions from 10/2019 to 01/2021. Patients had a median distance from the proximal bronchial tree (PBT) of 0.38 cm. Tumors were most often lung primary (64.3%) and HILUS group A (85.7%). A structure-specific rigid registration approach was used for cumulative dose analysis. Kaplan-Meier log-rank analysis was used for clinical outcome data and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for dosimetric data.

Results
Here we show that SMART dosimetric improvements in favor of delivered plans over predicted non-adapted plans for PBT, with improvements in proximal bronchial tree DMax of 5.7 Gy (p = 0.002) and gross tumor 100% prescription coverage of 7.3% (p = 0.002). The mean estimated follow-up is 17.2 months and 2-year local control and local failure free survival rates are 92.9% and 85.7%, respectively. There are no grade ≥ 3 toxicities.

Conclusions
SMART has dosimetric advantages and excellent clinical outcomes for ultracentral lung tumors. Daily plan adaptation reliably improves target coverage while simultaneously reducing doses to the proximal airways. These results further characterize the therapeutic window improvements for SMART. Structure-specific rigid dose accumulation dosimetric analysis provides insights that elucidate the dosimetric advantages of SMART more so than per fractional analysis alone.
Post-earthquake rapid resealing of bedrock flow-paths by concretion-forming resin
Authors: Yoshida Hidekazu , Yamamoto Koshi , Asahara Yoshihiro , Maruyama Ippei , Karukaya Koichi , Saito Akane , Matsui Hiroya , Mochizuki Akihito , Jo Mayumi , Katsuta Nagayoshi , Umemura Ayako , Metcalfe Richard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMany underground activities may require reducing or preventing fluid flows through bedrock, e.g., sealing of site investigation boreholes, underground tunneling, hydrocarbon field abandonment, and nuclear waste disposal. Cementitious materials such as grout are commonly used for bedrock flow-path sealing, however conventionally used these materials unavoidably undergo physical and chemical degradation, therefore potentially decreasing seal durability. Here, we report a more durable sealing method for concretion-forming resin developed by learning from natural calcite, CaCO3, and spheroidal concretion formation. The method was tested by sealing flow paths next to a tunnel in an underground research laboratory at 350 m depth, in Hokkaido, Japan. The flow paths were initially sealed rapidly, then resealed after disturbance by repeated earthquakes with foci below the underground research laboratory at depths of 2–7 km and maximum magnitude Mw 5.4. The treated rock mass rapidly recovered its very low natural permeability, demonstrating robust self-sealing and healing.
Design and analysis of a less‐magnets consequent‐pole line‐start permanent magnet motor with low cogging torque
Authors: Wu Fan , Wang Xiaolin , Bao Xucong , Li Ruixuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe paper suggests a design and optimisation approach for a consequent‐pole line‐start permanent magnet motor (CPLSPM) with flexible pole arc coefficients and high utilisation of rare‐earth (RE) materials, without the need for a variable frequency drive. The presence of dual‐sided slots and adjustable pole arc coefficient sets CPLSPM apart from other types of motors, making the analysis of its cogging torque more complex. Taking into account the double‐sided slotted and flexible adjustable pole arc coefficient, a cogging torque and airgap flux density model was established, and the influence of the pole arc coefficient on the characteristics of the cogging torque and airgap flux density of CPLSPM was analysed. The authors conduct multidimensional optimisation considering the coupling of multiple parameters to obtain a CPLSPM with minimal RE material usage, low cogging torque and excellent start‐up and steady‐state performance. Finite element simulation data are presented to validate the factors affecting the cogging torque and the feasibility of the proposed less‐magnetic CPLSPM design. Finally, a prototype of a 750 rpm/2.2 kW CPLSPM is built, and performance testing is carried out for comparison, and applied to submersible mixers.
Intelligent identification method of insulation pull rod defects based on intactness‐aware Mosaic data augmentation and fusion of YOLOv5s
Authors: Li Changyun , Hua Yuze , Liu Yilin , Liu Kai , Zhang Sanyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe authors introduce the intactness‐aware Mosaic data augmentation strategy, designed to tackle challenges such as low accuracy in detecting defects in insulation pull rods, limited timeliness in intelligent analysis, and the absence of a comprehensive database for information on insulation pull rod defects. The proposed strategy incorporates the YOLOv5s algorithm for detecting defects in insulation pull rods. Initially, the YOLOv5s network was constructed, and a dataset containing photos of insulation pull rods with white spots, fractures, impurities, and bubble flaws was compiled to capture images of defects. The research presented a data enhancement approach to improve the images and establish a dataset for insulation pull rod defects. The YOLOv5s algorithm was applied for both training and testing purposes. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the detection performance of YOLOv5s against a conventional target detector for identifying defects in insulation pull rods. Furthermore, the utility of Mosaic's data augmentation technique, which incorporates intactness awareness, was evaluated to enhance the accuracy of identifying insulation pull rod defects. The research findings indicate that the YOLOv5s algorithm is employed for intelligent detection and precise localisation of flaws. The intactness‐aware Mosaic data augmentation strategy significantly improves the accuracy of detecting faults in insulation pull rods. The YOLOv5s model used achieves a performance index mAP@0.5:0.95 of 0.563 on the test set, distinct from the training set data. With a threshold of 0.5, the mAP@0.5 score is 0.904, indicating a substantial improvement in both detection efficiency and accuracy compared to conventional target detection methods. Innovative approaches for identifying defects in insulation pull rods are introduced.
Energy and throughput efficient mobile wireless sensor networks: A deep reinforcement learning approach
Authors: Alsalmi N. , Navaie K. , Rahmani H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe efficient development of Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks (MWSNs) relies heavily on optimizing two key parameters: Throughput and Energy Consumption. The proposed work investigates network connectivity issues with MWSN and proposes two routing algorithms, namely Self‐Organising Maps based‐Optimised Link State Routing (SOM‐OLSR) and Deep Reinforcement Learning based‐Optimised Link State Routing (DRL‐OLSR) for MWSNs. The primary objective of the proposed algorithms is to achieve energy‐efficient routing while maximizing throughput. The proposed algorithms are evaluated through simulations by considering various performance metrics, including connection probability (CP), end‐to‐end delay, overhead, network throughput, and energy consumption. The simulation analysis is discussed under three scenarios. The first scenario undertakes ‘no optimisation’, the second considers SOM‐OLSR, and the third undertakes DRL‐OLSR. A comparison between DRL‐OLSR and SOM‐OLSR reveals that the former surpasses the latter in terms of low latency and prolonged network lifetime. Specifically, DRL‐OLSR demonstrates a 47% increase in throughput, a 67% reduction in energy consumption, and a CP three times higher than SOM‐OLSR. Furthermore, when contrasted with the ‘no optimisation’ scenario, DRL‐OLSR achieves a remarkable 69.7% higher throughput and nearly 89% lower energy consumption. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the DRL‐OLSR approach in wireless sensor networks.
Sense (and) the city: From Internet of Things sensors and open data platforms to urban observatories
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Gunner Sam , Pregnolato Maria , Tully Patrick , Georgalas Nektarios , Oikonomou George , Karatzas Stylianos , Tryfonas Theo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDigitalisation and the Internet of Things (IoT) help city councils improve services, increase productivity and reduce costs. City‐scale monitoring of traffic and pollution enables the development of insights into low‐air quality areas and the introduction of improvements. IoT provides a platform for the intelligent interconnection of everyday objects and has become an integral part of a citizen's life. Anyone can monitor from their fitness to the air quality of their immediate environment using everyday technologies. With caveats around privacy and accuracy, such data could even complement those collected by authorities at city‐scale, for validating or improving policies. The authors explore the hierarchies of urban sensing from citizen‐to city‐scale, how sensing at different levels may be interlinked, and the challenges of managing the urban IoT. The authors provide examples from the UK, map the data generation processes across levels of urban hierarchies and discuss the role of emerging sociotechnical urban sensing infrastructures, that is, independent, open, and transparent capabilities that facilitate stakeholder engagement and collection and curation of grassroots data. The authors discuss how such capabilities can become a conduit for the alignment of community‐ and city‐level action via an example of tracking the use of shared electric bicycles in Bristol, UK.
Standardized therapies after ECMO program (STEP); a novel approach to pediatric post-ECMO care
Authors: Shappley Rebekah K.H. , Holder Christen M. , Poplos Constance E. , Anton-Martin Pilar , Spentzas Thomas , Whitaker Toni M. , Karmarkar Swati , Shah Samir H. , Sandhu Hitesh S. 
Published: May 2024

Background: The study objective was to characterize compliance with Standardized Therapy after ECMO Program (STEP), an intentional discharge pathway for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) survivors in a US pediatric hospital. Methods: The program identified pediatric ECMO survivors before discharge, appropriate consultations were reviewed and requested, families were educated on ECMO sequelae, and ECMO summaries were sent to pediatricians. Compliance with institutional post-ECMO guidelines was evaluated before and after STEP implementation. Results: We identified 77 ECMO survivors to hospital discharge (36 [46.8%] before and 41 [53.2%] after STEP implementation). There was a significant increase in complete (38.8% vs. 74.2%, p < 0.001) and time-appropriate neurodevelopmental testing (71.4% vs. 95.6%, p = 0.03). Significant increase in inpatient evaluations by neurology (52.7% vs. 75.6%, p = 0.03) and audiology (66.7% vs. 87.8%, p = 0.02), and in referrals for outpatient audiology (66.6 vs. 95.1%, p = 0.002), physical therapy (P.T.) (63.8% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.001), occupational therapy (O.T.) (63.8% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.001) and speech-language pathology (S.L.P.) (55.5% vs. 95.1%, p < 0.001) were noted. Conclusion: Implementing an intentional discharge pathway for pediatric ECMO survivors (STEP) successfully increases inpatient and outpatient compliance with hospital and Extracorporeal life support organization (ELSO) follow-up guidelines. It leads to timely and complete neurodevelopmental evaluation.
Periphere ulzerative Keratitis: Klinik,
Differenzialdiagnosen und Therapiekonzepte
Authors: Baquet-Walscheid Karoline , Neß Thomas , Maier Philip Christian , Lapp Thabo 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungBei der peripheren ulzerativen Keratitis (PUK) handelt es sich um eine
entzündliche Erkrankung der peripheren Hornhaut, die in vielen Fällen mit
seltenen, aber potenziell lebensbedrohlichen systemischen Autoimmunerkrankungen
assoziiert sein kann. Die Pathogenese der PUK beruht auf einer humoralen sowie
zellulär vermittelten Inflammation. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt i. d. R. anhand
des typischen klinischen Befunds und erfordert stets eine ausführliche
Diagnostik zur Identifizierung einer potenziellen systemischen Grunderkrankung.
Die Behandlung umfasst topische und systemische immunsuppressive und
immunmodulatorische Therapiestrategien und bei drohender oder stattgehabter
Perforation ggf. auch verschiedene chirurgische Interventionen. Bei der PUK
handelt es sich um eine potenziell zur Erblindung führende Erkrankung, die
zunächst die Peripherie betrifft, jedoch unbehandelt zu einer Destruktion der
gesamten Hornhaut führen kann. Eine interdisziplinäre Diagnostik und Therapie
sind entscheidend, um das Augenlicht betroffener Patient*innen zu bewahren und
die Morbidität sowie die Mortalität zu senken. Der nachfolgende Artikel gibt
eine Übersicht über die Pathophysiologie, die klinischen Befunde, mögliche
zugrunde liegende Systemerkrankungen, relevante Differenzialdiagnosen und
potenzielle medikamentöse und chirurgische Therapiestrategien.
Surgical and Histopathological Results in Carotid Body Tumors
Authors: Işık Mehmet , Kılınç Fahriye , Dereli Yüksel , Tanyeli Ömer , Yıldırım Serkan , Alakuş Rabia , Arbağ Hamdi , Görmüş Niyazi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective The possible relationships between the histopathological findings of carotid body tumors and age, gender, tumor diameter, and Shamblin classification were investigated. In addition, preoperative embolization status, development of neurological complications, need for vascular reconstruction, hemoglobin change, and discharge time were examined and the effects of these variables on each other were analyzed.
Methods Between 2008 and 2022, 46 cases who underwent carotid body tumor excision were examined retrospectively. The cases were followed for an average of 81 months postoperatively. Histopathological materials were reexamined and the effect of categorical variables was analyzed.
Results Mean tumor diameter was 3.55 ± 1.26 cm, mean discharge time was 3.91 ± 2.37 days, and mean hemoglobin change was 1.86 ± 1.25. Neurological complications developed in 13% of cases. The amount of hemoglobin change was significantly (p = 0.003) higher in those who developed neurological complications, whereas the tumor diameter and discharge time were found to be insignificantly higher. Surgical complications requiring vascular repair occurred in 10.8% of cases. Tumor diameter (p = 0.017) and hemoglobin change (p = 0.046) were significantly higher in these patients. There were significant correlations between higher Shamblin classification and tumor diameter, discharge time, postoperative hemoglobin value, and number of surgical and neurological complications. No significant difference was found between Ki-67, capsular invasion, mitosis, pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, mean island diameter, and tendency of islands to merge with categorical variables.
Conclusion As the tumor diameter increases, the operation becomes more difficult and the postoperative complication rate increases. We think that subadventitial and capsular removal of the tumor is effective in preventing recurrence. To reach a histopathological conclusion, a larger series of studies including tumors with high Ki-67 and mitosis rates, large size, and one or more of the criteria for necrosis are needed.
Multicomponent Reactions: A Promising Approach to Isotope Labeling
Authors: Domling Alexander , Elsinga Philip H. , Xiao Siyu , Conte Antonio , Cornelissen Bart T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIsotopic labeling is an attractive modality that has been widely used in many aspects of chemistry, the life sciences, and medical research; especially deuterated drugs and radioactive molecules have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The widespread application and rapid development of isotopically labeled molecules has led to an increased demand for new isotopic labeling chemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing defined nuclides. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are modular build-up approaches for the rapid generation of complex molecules often containing biologically relevant scaffold structures. There is great potential to use MCRs to construct isotopically labeled molecules because assembly speed and reaction diversity are key advantages of MCR. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent literature on this topic that can provide insight into the application of MCRs in the field of isotopic labeling.
Analysis of Tissue Repair of a New Cement Based on Calcium and Strontium Aluminates: A Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial in an Animal Model
Authors: Penha Elizandra Silva da , Filho Nonato Amorim de Farias , Medeiros Luanna Abílio Diniz Melquíades de , Rosendo Rosana Araújo , Silva Marco Antônio Dias da , Barbosa Willams Teles , García-Carrodeguas Raúl , Rodríguez Miguel Angel , Münchow Eliseu Aldrighi , Lacerda-Santos Rogério , Fook Marcus Vinícius Lia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of a new root canal filling sealer (RCFS) based on tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate in living tissue.
Material and Methods Forty-five Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into three groups: control (polyethylene), sealer (Bio-C Sealer, Londrina, PR, Brazil), and experimental (tristrontium aluminate and dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope to assess different cellular events at different time intervals (7, 15, and 30 days).
Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn (p < 0.05) tests.
Results In the initial period, a moderate inflammatory infiltrate was observed, similar between the endodontic cements groups (p = 0.725). The intensity of the infiltrate decreased with time, with no significant difference among the groups (p > 0.05). The number of young fibroblasts was elevated in all groups evaluated at 7 days. The experimental group showed the highest number of cells at all time intervals, but the difference with the sealer group at 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 days (p = 0.002) and the control group at 30 days was not significant (p = 0.001). Regarding tissue repair events, the amount of collagen fibers increased over the experimental intervals, with no significant difference between the sealer and control groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusion The experimental RCFS based on calcium and strontium aluminates proved to be biocompatible for use in close contact with periapical tissue, inducing a low inflammatory reaction and favoring rapid tissue repair.
Suicide Risk Screening for Head and Neck Cancer Patients: An Implementation Study
Authors: Kansara Bhargav , Basta Ameer , Mikhael Marian , Perkins Randa , Reisman Phillip , Hallanger-Johnson Julie , Rollison Dana E. , Nguyen Oliver T. , Powell Sean , Gilbert Scott M. , Turner Kea 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives There is limited research on suicide risk screening (SRS) among head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, a population at increased risk for suicide. To address this gap, this single-site mixed methods study assessed oncology professionals' perspectives about the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of an electronic SRS program that was implemented as a part of routine care for HNC patients.
Methods Staff who assisted with SRS implementation completed (e.g., nurses, medical assistants, advanced practice providers, physicians, social workers) a one-time survey (N = 29) and interview (N = 25). Quantitative outcomes were assessed using previously validated feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness measures. Additional qualitative data were collected to provide context for interpreting the scores.
Results Nurses and medical assistants, who were directly responsible for implementing SRS, reported low feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness, compared with other team members (e.g., physicians, social workers, advanced practice providers). Team members identified potential improvements needed to optimize SRS, such as hiring additional staff, improving staff training, providing different modalities for screening completion among individuals with disabilities, and revising the patient-reported outcomes to improve suicide risk prediction.
Conclusion Staff perspectives about implementing SRS as a part of routine cancer care for HNC patients varied widely. Before screening can be implemented on a larger scale for HNC and other cancer patients, additional implementation strategies may be needed that optimize workflow and reduce staff burden, such as staff training, multiple modalities for completion, and refined tools for identifying which patients are at greatest risk for suicide.