bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective study of self‐reported pain, radiographic osteoarthritis, sarcopenia progression, and falls risk in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Scott David , Blizzard Leigh , Fell James , Jones Graeme 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the potential role of self‐reported joint pain, stiffness, and dysfunction, and radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA), in sarcopenia progression and falls risk in older adults.MethodsSeven hundred nine older adults (50% women, mean ± SD age 62 ± 7 years) were examined at baseline and followup (mean ± SD 2.6 ± 0.4 years). ROA was assessed using the Altman atlas, and pain at 7 anatomic sites was self‐reported. Dual x‐ray absorptiometry assessed leg lean mass, dynamometry assessed knee extension and whole leg strength, leg muscle quality (LMQ) was calculated as whole leg strength relative to leg lean mass, and the Physiological Profile Assessment assessed falls risk.ResultsIn women only, baseline knee pain predicted a greater decline in knee extension strength, whole leg strength, and LMQ, and a greater increase in falls risk. Severe knee pain, stiffness, and dysfunction predicted greater declines in knee extension strength and increases in falls risk (all P < 0.05). Hip pain also predicted a greater decline in knee extension strength (−1.53 kg; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] −2.95, −0.11). No associations were observed between pain and sarcopenia indicators in men. Somewhat surprisingly, higher baseline total knee ROA score predicted a greater increase in mean leg lean mass (0.05 kg; 95% CI 0.02, 0.08) in both sexes. A path analysis demonstrated that knee ROA may contribute to declines in LMQ in women, through increases in pain, stiffness, and dysfunction.ConclusionKnee and hip pain may directly contribute to the progression of sarcopenia and increased falls risk in older women.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation: Synthesis and Applications of Enantiopure Pyrrolidine Derivatives[1]
Authors: Hsu Shih‐Fan , Ko Chih‐Wei , Wu Yao‐Ting 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn the presence of cobalt catalysts and tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), the iodine atom in (S)‐2‐(iodomethyl)pyrrolidines was replaced by an aryl or an alkynyl group from the corresponding Grignard reagent, and the coupling products were obtained in good to excellent yields (16 examples; 75–94% yields). The scope and limitations of this protocol were examined. The stereochemistry of the pyrrolidines was unaffected by the reaction conditions. The coupling products are important building blocks of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids. Palladium‐catalyzed formal [4+2] cycloaddition of 2,2′‐diiodobiphenyl with the thus‐generated (S)‐2‐(3‐trimethylsilyl‐2‐propynyl)pyrrolidine gave a good yield of the desilylated phenanthrene, which was then converted into unnatural (+)‐(S)‐tylophorine by the Pictet–Spengler cyclization.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Aerobic Coupling between Aldehydes and Arenesulfinic Acid Salts: A Novel Synthesis of Aryl Ketones
Authors: Rao Honghua , Yang Luo , Shuai Qi , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA novel rhodium‐catalyzed desulfinative coupling between aldehydes and arenesulfinic acid sodium salts was developed, generating a new protocol for the synthesis of aryl ketones. Most importantly, the coupling reaction uses molecular oxygen (O2) as the oxidant and finally releases sodium hydrogen sulfate (NaHSO4) from the reaction system; furthermore, this reaction occurs without the need for any additives.
Palladium/Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed α‐Allylation of Aldehydes with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Jiang Gaoxi , List Benjamin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA simple, highly efficient, and readily scalable direct α‐allylation of aldehydes with allylic alcohols that is co‐catalyzed by palladium and a Brønsted acid has been developed.
A new process for Al2O3 production from low‐grade diasporic bauxite based on reactive silica dissolution and stabilization in NaOH‐NaAl(OH)4 media
Authors: Ma Jiayu , Li Zhibao , Xiao Qinggui 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new process of Al2O3 production from low‐grade diasporic bauxite based on the reactive silica dissolution and stabilization in concentrated NaOH‐NaAl(OH)4 solutions is proposed and proved feasible. NaOH and Al2O3 concentrations and leaching temperature were found to be the main factors affecting the leaching process of reactive silica. The A/S (mass ratio of Al2O3/SiO2) of diasporic bauxite was enhanced from 5.4 to 15 by reactive silica removal under the optimum operation conditions. Two obvious steps control the whole leaching process of reactive silica in NaOH‐NaAl(OH)4 media: reactive silica dissolution and desilication products (DSPs) precipitation. The kinetics data of two controlling steps fit a shrinking core model based on the calculation of OH− activity with the aid of OLI platform and an empirical kinetic model well, respectively. Apparent activation energies of reactive silica leaching in the temperature range from 80 to 110 °C are 101.91 and 58.65 kJ mol−1 for the two steps, respectively. The stabilization mechanism of reactive silica in concentrated NaOH‐NaAl(OH)4 solution was also elucidated based on the complexation of aluminum‐bearing species and the calculation of supersaturation to DSP. It was found that the concentration of OH− sharply decreases due to the formation of Al(OH) species with increasing aluminum concentration, suppressing greatly DSP precipitation. This proposed process paves the way for Al2O3 production from low‐grade diasporic bauxite with high‐reactive silica content. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Metastable boundary conditions of water‐in‐oil emulsions in the hydrate formation region
Authors: Chen Jun , Sun Chang‐Yu , Liu Bei , Peng Bao‐Zi , Wang Xiu‐Lin , Chen Guang‐Jin , Zuo Julian Y. , Ng Heng‐Joo 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA stepwise pressurization method was proposed for determining the metastable boundary conditions of water‐in‐oil emulsions in the hydrate formation region. The metastable boundary pressures of four water‐in‐n‐octane emulsions in the presence of methane gas were determined at four specified temperatures. The experimental results show that the metastable boundary pressures increase with decreasing water droplet sizes. A thermodynamic model was developed for calculating the metastable boundary conditions of a water‐in‐oil emulsion in which assuming that the collapse of a metastable emulsion requires the formation of a stable hydrate film with a critical thickness on the surfaces of water droplets. The model was used to correlate the experimental data and determine the critical thickness of the hydrate film. It was demonstrated that the calculated results were in good agreement with the experimental data. The determined critical thickness is at nanoscale, ranging from 14 to 40 nm, which decreases with decreasing water droplet sizes. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 6 rescue resulting in paternal UPD6 with novel placental findings
Authors: Cajaiba Mariana M. , Witchel Selma , Madan‐Khetarpal Suneeta , Hoover Jaqueline , Hoffner Lori , Macpherson Trevor , Surti Urvashi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUniparental disomy (UPD) is defined by the inheritance of both copies of a chromosome pair from one single parent. Although 23 cases of paternal UPD6 have been reported earlier, the occurrence of trisomy 6 rescue with paternal UPD6 has not been previously reported. The phenotype of paternal UPD6 results from biallelic expression of the maternally imprinted, paternally expressed ZAC and HYMAI genes, and includes transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM), intra‐uterine growth restriction (IUGR), macroglossia, and minor anomalies. Trisomy rescue has been proposed as a pathogenic mechanism leading to UPD of other chromosomes. We report on the first case of a prenatally diagnosed infant with UPD6 and describe the clinical, cytogenetic, molecular, and novel placental findings in a female infant with paternal UPD6. Low‐level trisomy 6 and paternal UPD6 were prenatally diagnosed through amniocentesis. After birth trisomy 6 was documented in the placenta but was not found in three different cell lines from the infant. The placenta was small with a peculiar pattern of vascular proliferation. Our results of trisomy 6 cells predominantly present in the placenta and only in low levels in the amniotic fluid suggest that the distribution and proportion of trisomic and diploid UPD cells contribute to the variability of fetal and placental phenotypes. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down syndrome and dementia: A randomized, controlled trial of antioxidant supplementation
Authors: Lott Ira T. , Doran Eric , Nguyen Vinh Q. , Tournay Anne , Head Elizabeth , Gillen Daniel L. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIndividuals with Down syndrome over age 40 years are at risk for developing dementia of the Alzheimer type and have evidence for chronic oxidative stress. There is a paucity of treatment trials for dementia in Down syndrome in comparison to Alzheimer disease in the general (non‐Down syndrome) population. This 2‐year randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial assessed whether daily oral antioxidant supplementation (900 IU of alpha‐tocopherol, 200 mg of ascorbic acid and 600 mg of alpha‐lipoic acid) was effective, safe and tolerable for 53 individuals with Down syndrome and dementia. The outcome measures comprised a battery of neuropsychological assessments administered at baseline and every 6 months. Compared to the placebo group, those individuals receiving the antioxidant supplement showed neither an improvement in cognitive functioning nor a stabilization of cognitive decline. Mean plasma levels of alpha‐tocopherol increased ∼2‐fold in the treatment group and were consistently higher than the placebo group over the treatment period. Pill counts indicated good compliance with the regimen. No serious adverse events attributed to the treatment were noted. We conclude that antioxidant supplementation is safe, though ineffective as a treatment for dementia in individuals with Down syndrome and Alzheimer type dementia. Our findings are similar to studies of antioxidant supplementation in Alzheimer disease in the general population. The feasibility of carrying out a clinical trial for dementia in Down syndrome is demonstrated. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Techno‐economic analysis of a 300 MWe coal‐fired power plant retrofitted with post‐combustion CO2 capture
Authors: Zhang Dan , Xu Minghou , Li Aijun 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the integrated system which post‐combustion capture was combined with a typical Chinese coal‐fired power plant and investigate the effect of coal ranks on techno‐economic analysis of the retrofitted power plant, the retrofitted power plant with post‐combustion CO2 capture (MEA) process and the economic performance were analysed using an Aspen Plus software and a cash flow model in this study (Aspen Technology Inc, 2001). The results indicated that the net power outputs of the retrofitted power plant dropped from 302.62 to 249.45 MWe for lignite, 254.97 MWe for bituminous coal and 249.90 MWe for anthracite, respectively. For three cases, the net efficiencies decreased about 7%. The cash flow model was also used for economic analysis. The annual cost of the total retrofitted power plant (CT) increased from 80.6 M$ /year to 87.5 M$ /year for lignite, 90.8 M$ /year for bituminous coal and 88.8 M$ /year for anthracite, respectively. The cost of power generation (CCOE) increased to 48.7 $ /MWh for lignite, 50.5 $ /MWh for bituminous coal and 48.4 $ /MWh for anthracite, respectively. There were significant effects of different coal ranks on the techno‐economic performance. The costs of CO2 avoided (CAVOID) for lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite were estimated to be 15.0 $ /tonne, 19.6 $ /tonne and 15.2 $ /tonne, respectively. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) plasticized with glycerol
Authors: Mohsin Mahmood , Hossin Asiful , Haik Yousef 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThermomechanical behavior of membranes based on blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with different weight percentage (wt %) of glycerol has been studied. Solid‐state PVA/Glycerol polymer membranes were prepared by a solution casting method. The films were studied for thermal characteristics by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis and for the mechanical properties including hardness and modulus by nanoindentation method. The dispersion of glycerol within the polymer matrix was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of hydrogen bonding between the plasticizer and PVA in their blends and also to provide information on compatibility and physical interactions between the glycerol and PVA. It was found that the thermal properties particularly the melting point (Tm) for PVA blends exhibit a reduced value proportional to the glycerol content. The hardness and elastic modulus were also found to decrease with an increase in plasticizer content. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Evaluation of rheological and image properties of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene and ethylene‐vinyl acetate polymer modified bitumens
Authors: Topal Ali , Yilmaz Mehmet , Kok Baha Vural , Kuloglu Necati , Sengoz Burak 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis article presents a laboratory evaluation of conventional, fundamental, rheological, and morphological characteristics of styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer modified bitumens. Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) samples have been produced by mixing a 50/70 penetration grade unmodified (base) bitumen with SBS and EVA copolymer at different polymer contents. The fundamental viscoelastic properties of the PMBs were determined using dynamic (oscillatory) mechanical analysis and presented in the form of temperature and frequency‐dependent rheological parameters. The morphology of the samples as well as the percent area distribution of polymers throughout the base bitumen have been characterized and determined by means of fluorescent light optic microscopy and Qwin Plus image analysis software, respectively. The results indicated that polymer modification improved the conventional and rheological properties of the base bitumen. It was also concluded that the temperature and frequency had a significant effect on complex modulus of PMBs. The behavior of EVA and SBS PMBs had exhibited quite difference at 50°C. Moreover, it was found out that at low polymer contents, the samples revealed the existence of dispersed polymer particles in a continuous bitumen phase, whereas at high polymer contents a continuous polymer phase has been observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Structure and properties development in poly(phenylene sulfide) fibers, part I: Effect of material and melt spinning process variables
Authors: Gulgunje Prabhakar , Bhat Gajanan , Spruiell Joseph 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe detailed research study of manufacturing PPS fibers using melt spinning and further enhancement of tensile properties by drawing and annealing experiments, a study lacking as of today in open scientific literature, was the focus of this research. This article discusses the effect of polymer molecular weight (MW) and melt spinning process variables on the structure and properties development in melt spun fibers manufactured from proprietary Fortron® linear PPS resins. Structure‐properties relationship was studied using several characterization tools like tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light optical microscopy, and wide‐angle x‐ray scattering. Changes in dynamic mechanical behavior of as‐spun fibers manufactured from resins of varying MW and different melt spinning take‐up speeds were also studied. The study showed that by a combination of higher MW of the polymer and spinning at higher take‐up speeds, tensile properties of as‐spun PPS fibers can be improved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Crosslinking benzotriazolylimides and polymeric materials on base of them
Authors: Farion Ivan A. , Mognonov Dmitrii M. , Il'ina Olga V. , Bal'zhinov Sergey A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA new kind of crosslinking oligobenzotriazolylimides with terminal maleimide groups has been synthesized via an interaction of an excess of bismaleimides with 5,5′‐bisbenzotriazoles in melt. Conditions of obtaining these oligomers were optimized via the syntheses of model compounds. Oligomers, according to dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (DTGA), fuse at 135–160°C, crosslink at 175–250°C, and possess the high thermal stability in air up to 410°C. Using these oligomers as thermosetting binders or crosslinking agents, tough laminate plastics reinforced by a glass‐fiber cloth as well as crosslinked films on base of a linear polybenzimidazole (PBI) matrix were obtained. The plastics and the crosslinked films possess high mechanical characteristics. It has been proved that the crosslinked films on base of the PBI matrix are perspective precursors to design the phosphoric acid electrolyte membranes for the medium temperature fuel cells. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Coexpression of chemokine receptors CCR5, CXCR3, and CCR4 and ligands for P‐ and E‐selectin on T lymphocytes of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Issekutz Andrew C. , Quinn Patrick J. , Lang Bianca , Ramsey Suzanne , Huber Adam M. , Rowter Derek , Karkada Mohan , Issekutz Thomas B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate P‐ and E‐selectin ligand coexpression with chemokine receptors (CKRs) on T cells in the synovial fluid (SF) and blood of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsSixteen patients with polyarticular or persistent oligoarticular JIA (ages 5.3–15.1 years) were studied. SF and venous blood were collected, and immunostaining for the expression of CCR4, CCR5, CXCR3, and P‐ or E‐selectin ligands was performed.ResultsCompared to blood, SF was greatly enriched for CD4+ T cells bearing CCR5, CCR4, CXCR3, and both P‐ and E‐selectin ligand. Twenty‐five percent of the CD4+ T cells in SF expressed both CCR5 and CCR4, some also coexpressing CXCR3. Such cells were rare in blood. Half of the few CCR5+ T cells in blood coexpressed P‐ or E‐selectin ligand, a phenotype that was enriched up to 50‐fold in SF. A minority of CCR4+ and CXCR3+ cells in blood (∼25%) coexpressed selectin ligand; these were enriched 4–8‐fold in SF. Most CCR4‐expressing CD4+ T cells expressed both E‐selectin ligand and cutaneous lymphocyte antigen.ConclusionCCR4‐, CCR5‐, CXCR3‐, and selectin ligand–expressing CD4+ T cells preferentially accumulate in the joints of children with JIA. The marked enrichment of CCR5+ T cells coexpressing P‐selectin and/or E‐selectin ligand in CD4+ SF T cells suggests that the few such cells in blood selectively migrate to inflamed joints via endothelial P‐ and E‐selectin– and CCR5‐activating chemokines. The predominance of CCR4‐expressing CD4+ T cells coexpressing E‐selectin ligand suggests that such cells migrate not only to areas of cutaneous inflammation, as previously reported, but also to the joints in JIA. Combined targeting of CCR5‐ and E‐selectin–dependent mechanisms may be a relevant treatment strategy.
Autoimmunity and inflammation are independent of class II transactivator type PIV–dependent class II major histocompatibility complex expression in peripheral tissues during collagen‐induced arthritis
Authors: Waldburger Jean‐Marc , Palmer Gaby , Seemayer Christian , Lamacchia Celine , Finckh Axel , Christofilopoulos Panayiotis , Baeten Dominique , Reith Walter , Gabay Cem 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the regulation of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) in order to investigate their role as nonprofessional antigen‐presenting cells in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).MethodsExpression of class II MHC, class II MHC transactivator (CIITA), and Ciita isoforms PI, PIII, and PIV was examined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry in human synovial tissues, arthritic mouse joints, and human and murine FLS. CIA was induced in mice in which isoform PIV of Ciita was knocked out (PIV−/−), in PIV−/− mice transgenic for CIITA in the thymus (K14 CIITA), and in their control littermates.ResultsHLA–DRA, total CIITA, and CIITA PIII messenger RNA levels were significantly increased in synovial tissue samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with the levels in tissue from patients with osteoarthritis. Human FLS expressed surface class II MHC via CIITA PIII and PIV, while class II MHC expression in murine FLS was entirely mediated by PIV. Mice with a targeted deletion of CIITA PIV lack CD4+ T cells and were protected against CIA. The expression of CIITA was restored in the thymus of PIV−/− K14 CIITA–transgenic mice, which had a normal CD4+ T cell repertoire and normal surface levels of class II MHC on professional antigen‐presenting cells, but did not induce class II MHC on FLS. Synovial inflammation and immune responses against type II collagen were similar in PIV−/− K14 CIITA–transgenic mice and control mice with CIA, but bone erosion was significantly reduced in the absence of PIV.ConclusionOverexpression of class II MHC is tightly correlated with CIITA expression in arthritic synovium and in FLS. Selective targeting of Ciita PIV in peripheral tissues abrogates class II MHC expression by murine FLS but does not protect against inflammation and autoimmune responses in CIA.
Genetic variants in the HLA–DRB1 gene are associated with Kashin‐Beck disease in the Tibetan population
Authors: Shi Yi , Lu Fang , Liu Xin , Wang Yao , Huang Lulin , Liu Xiaoqi , Long Wubin , Lv Bo , Zhang Kun , Ma Shi , Lin He , Cheng Jing , Zhou Bin , Hu Mei , Deng Jiayun , Zhu Jianxin , Hao Peng , Yang Xiao , Zeng Mingcai , Wang Xiaoquan , Shen Sikui , Yang Zhenglin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between variants in the HLA–DRB1 gene and Kashin‐Beck disease (KBD), as well as associations of selenium and iodine deficiencies with KBD in a Tibetan population.MethodsFourteen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped around the HLA–DRB1 gene, and HLA–DRB1 allele genotyping was performed in a discovery cohort, composed of 605 patients with KBD and 393 control subjects, and/or a replication cohort, composed of 290 patients with KBD and 295 controls. Plasma concentrations of selenium and iodine were measured and compared by t‐test in 299 patients with KBD and 280 controls from the same villages.ResultsFour SNPs (rs6457617, rs6457620, rs9275295, and rs7745040) in the HLA–DRB1 gene locus were significantly associated with KBD in both the discovery cohort and replication cohort (combined cohort odds ratios [ORs] 1.307–1.402, P = 0.0039–0.0006). The protective haplotype GTCC and the risk haplotype ACGT, each generated by the 4 SNPs, showed a significant association with KBD (for GTCC, OR 0.77, P = 0.0031; for ACGT, OR 1.40, P = 0.0014). HLA–DRB1 allele genotyping revealed that the frequencies of HLA–DRB1*08 and *11 were significantly different between patients with KBD and controls (for HLA–DRB1*08, OR 0.731, P = 0.00564; for HLA–DRB1*11, OR 0.489, P = 0.000395). Moreover, plasma concentrations of selenium and iodine were significantly different between patients with KBD and controls from the same villages (P = 0.0013 and P = 1.84 × 10−12, respectively).ConclusionThese findings, obtained in plasma samples from Tibetan patients with KBD and healthy control subjects from the same regions, confirm the role of selenium and iodine deficiencies in the development of KBD. Moreover, genetic variants in the HLA–DRB1 gene significantly increase the susceptibility to KBD in this population.