bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological treatment outcomes for cancer patients: what do meta‐analyses tell us about distress reduction?
Authors: Linden Wolfgang , Girgis Afaf 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveThe effectiveness of psychological treatment for distress reduction in cancer patients has been frequently studied and reviewed in systematic reviews but reviewer conclusions vary considerably. Clear and consistent evidence is needed to assist clinicians and administrators with their decision‐making. We hypothesized that uneven handling of confounding methodological features are at least partly the reason for disagreements and reviewed the literature in this light.MethodA systematic review of 14 published meta‐analyses was conducted to determine whether due consideration of moderating variables in psycho‐oncological treatments permits clearer recommendations. Quality of the reviews, treatment type, dosage, therapist qualities, outcomes at follow‐up, and screening versus not screening for elevated distress were examined as moderator variables.Results: Treatment effects are consistently positive but also vary greatly in magnitude. There is lacking evidence for many important questions, in particular, differential treatment effects for different cancer types and stages. Regarding moderators of outcome, quality of review had no impact on results for depression but including lower quality reviews actually lead to underestimation of treatment effects for anxiety. The most potent negative moderator variable, however, is a floor effect that arises when patients are recruited for treatment studies without being selected for high levels of distress. Such indiscriminate recruitment is very frequent in psycho‐oncology and leads to small reported treatment effects; when, however, patients are first screened for elevated distress, the ratio of observed treatment effects sizes is roughly three times greater.ConclusionSweeping judgments about the effectiveness of psycho‐oncological treatments for distress reduction are somewhat misleading and counter‐productive. Among moderator variables, floor effects are particularly pervasive and have a large suppressor effect on observed outcomes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of monospecific antibodies based on affinity capture of polyclonal antibodies
Authors: Hjelm Barbara , Forsström Björn , Igel Ulrika , Johannesson Henrik , Stadler Charlotte , Lundberg Emma , Ponten Fredrik , Sjöberg Anna , Rockberg Johan , Schwenk Jochen M. , Nilsson Peter , Johansson Christine , Uhlén Mathias 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA method is described to generate and validate antibodies based on mapping the linear epitopes of a polyclonal antibody followed by sequential epitope‐specific capture using synthetic peptides. Polyclonal antibodies directed towards four proteins RBM3, SATB2, ANLN, and CNDP1, potentially involved in human cancers, were selected and antibodies to several non‐overlapping epitopes were generated and subsequently validated by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. For all four proteins, a dramatic difference in functionality could be observed for these monospecific antibodies directed to the different epitopes. In each case, at least one antibody was obtained with full functionality across all applications, while other epitope‐specific fractions showed no or little functionality. These results present a path forward to use the mapped binding sites of polyclonal antibodies to generate epitope‐specific antibodies, providing an attractive approach for large‐scale efforts to characterize the human proteome by antibodies.
Binding and inhibition of human spermidine synthase by decarboxylated S‐adenosylhomocysteine
Authors: Šečkutė Jolita , McCloskey Diane E. , Thomas H. Jeanette , Secrist John A. , Pegg Anthony E. , Ealick Steven E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAminopropyltransferases are essential enzymes that form polyamines in eukaryotic and most prokaryotic cells. Spermidine synthase (SpdS) is one of the most well‐studied enzymes in this biosynthetic pathway. The enzyme uses decarboxylated S‐adenosylmethionine and a short‐chain polyamine (putrescine) to make a medium‐chain polyamine (spermidine) and 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐methylthioadenosine as a byproduct. Here, we report a new spermidine synthase inhibitor, decarboxylated S‐adenosylhomocysteine (dcSAH). The inhibitor was synthesized, and dose‐dependent inhibition of human, Thermatoga maritima, and Plasmodium falciparum spermidine synthases, as well as functionally homologous human spermine synthase, was determined. The human SpdS/dcSAH complex structure was determined by X‐ray crystallography at 2.0 Å resolution and showed consistent active site positioning and coordination with previously known structures. Isothermal calorimetry binding assays confirmed inhibitor binding to human SpdS with Kd of 1.1 ± 0.3 μM in the absence of putrescine and 3.2 ± 0.1 μM in the presence of putrescine. These results indicate a potential for further inhibitor development based on the dcSAH scaffold.
Downregulation of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) activates protein kinase A and contributes to the progression of prostate cancer
Authors: Kashiwagi Eiji , Shiota Masaki , Yokomizo Akira , Itsumi Momoe , Inokuchi Junichi , Uchiumi Takeshi , Naito Seiji 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non‐cutaneous cancer in American men. Unfortunately, few successful therapies for castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) exist. The protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is a critical mediator of cellular proliferation and differentiation in various normal and cancerous cells. However, the PKA activity and the mechanism of regulation in CRPC remain unclear. Then, in this study, we intended to reveal the PKA activity and the mechanism of regulation in CRPC.METHODSWestern blotting, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, cytotoxicity analysis, and cell proliferation assay were used to resolve the regulatory role of PKA in prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP and their derivatives.RESULTScAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) was downregulated and the PKA pathway was activated in castration‐resistant LNCaP derivatives (CxR cells). Rolipram activated the PKA pathway via inhibition of PDE4B, resulting in AR transactivation while the PKA inhibitor, H89 reduced AR transactivation. In response to hydrogen peroxide and in hydrogen peroxide‐resistant LNCaP derivatives (HPR50 cells) PDE4B was decreased and as a result PKA activity was increased. Moreover, PDE4B expression was reduced in advanced prostate cancer and PDE4B knockdown promoted castration‐resistant growth of LNCaP cells.CONCLUSIONSOxidative stress may suppress PDE4B expression and activate the PKA pathway. The PDE4B/PKA pathway contributed to progression of androgen‐dependent prostate cancer to CRPC. This pathway may represent an attractive therapeutic molecular target. Prostate 72:741–751, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor focality is not associated with biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Iremashvili Viacheslav , Pelaez Liset , Manoharan Murugesan , Acosta Kristell , Rosenberg Daniel L. , Soloway Mark S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe clinical and prognostic significance of unifocal prostatic carcinoma is not clearly understood. In the current study, we sought to characterize the clinical and pathologic characteristics of unifocal and multifocal prostate cancers and to investigate the effects of tumor focality on biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy.METHODSOur analysis included 1,444 radical prostatectomy patients with available information concerning the number and location of tumor foci in the specimen. Each patient was assigned to one of three groups depending on whether they had unifocal, multifocal, or extensive cancer. Clinical and pathological features as well as biochemical outcomes were compared between the groups.RESULTSTwo hundred and seventy‐two mens in the study cohort (18.8%) had unifocal cancer. The rates of unifocal cancer did not differ significantly between the three studied time intervals (17.3% in 1992–1998, 20.5% in 1999–2004, and 17.8% in 2005–2011). The number of positive biopsy cores was slightly lower in the unifocal group, while the overall amount of biopsy tissue containing cancer was similar in both groups. The patients in the multifocal group had higher pathologic Gleason scores, increased incidence of positive surgical margin, and larger tumors. The rate of clinically significant Gleason score upgrade was significantly higher in the multifocal group compared to the unifocal group (35.7% vs. 21.7%, respectively, P < 0.001). The biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy did not differ between patients with unifocal and multifocal cancers both on univariate and multivariate analyses.CONCLUSIONSTumor focality is not an independent prognostic factor of biochemical outcome in radical prostatectomy patients. Prostate 72:762–768, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organic photovoltaic devices based on graphene as an electron‐acceptor material and P3OT as a donor material
Authors: Wang Haiteng , He Dawei , Wang Yongsheng , Liu Zhiyong , Wu Hongpeng , Wang Jigang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe present the fabrication and performance studies of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices with bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure that use organic solution‐processable functionalized graphene (SPFGraphene) as an electron‐acceptor material and poly(3‐octylthiophene) (P3OT) as a donor material. The structural configuration of the device is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3OT:PCBM–SPFGraphene/LiF/Al. After mixing graphene into the device, the performance enhanced significantly. Given illumination at 100 mW/cm2 AM1.5 and P3OT/PCBM (1:1) mixture with 9 wt% of SPFGraphene, we recorded the best performances. The open‐circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.67 V. The short‐circuit current density (Jsc) is 4.6 mA/cm2. The FF is 0.37. And the power conversion efficiency is 1.14%. In the P3OT:PCBM–SPFGraphene composite, the SPFGraphene acts as exciton dissociation sites and provides the transport pathway of LUMO–graphene–Al. Adding SPFGraphene into P3OT produces an appropriate energetic distance between the HOMO and the LUMO of the donor/acceptor, which leads to a high open‐circuit voltage. Besides, doping SPFGraphene provides a higher exciton dissociation volume mobility of carrier transport, which leads to a large short‐circuit current density.
Monitoring of peptide induced disruption of artificial lipid membrane constructed on boron‐doped nanocrystalline diamond by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Petrák Václav , Grieten Lars , Taylor Andrew , Fendrych František , Ledvina Miroslav , Janssens Stoffel D. , Nesládek Miloš , Haenen Ken , Wagner Patrick 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWith the rise of antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria there is an increased demand for monitoring of the functionality of bacteria membranes, whose disruption can be induced by peptide–lipid interactions. In this work we attempt to monitor formation and subsequent peptide induced disruption of supported lipid membranes (SLBs) on boron‐doped nanocrystalline diamond (B‐NCD). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to study in situ changes related to lipid membrane formation and disruption by peptide‐induced interactions. The observed impedance changes were minimal for oxidized B‐NCD samples. The sensitivity for the detection of membrane formation and disruption was significantly higher for hydrogenated B‐NCD surfaces. Data modelling indicates large differences in the structure of electrical double layer at the B‐NCD/SLB interface for hydrogen and oxygen terminated B‐NCD surfaces. For oxidized B‐NCD surfaces, EIS changes are negligible.
Doping of p‐type ZnSb: Single parabolic band model and impurity band conduction
Authors: Böttger P. H. Michael , Pomrehn Gregory S. , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Finstad Terje G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractEven though the ZnSb compound has been known for decades and used in the earliest thermoelectric devices, the potential of the material as a modern thermoelectric may be underestimated. We synthesized p‐type doped samples using ball‐milling and hot‐pressing and measured their thermoelectric properties including mobility and carrier concentration. Establishing a single parabolic band (SPB) model using these measurements on the Cu, Sn, and self‐doped samples allows for predictions on the optimum thermoelectric efficiency. It is projected to reach zT = 0.75 at 700 K. Deviations from the SPB model at low carrier concentrations are discussed and impurity band conduction is brought in as a possible explanation.
Effect of Ce3+‐codoping on the spectroscopic properties of Er‐doped YAG particles
Authors: Wang Qingguo , Su Liangbi , Li Hongjun , Zheng Lihe , Xu Xiaodong , Tang Huili , Guo Xin , Jiang Dapeng , Xu Jun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe Er3+‐single‐doped and Er3+/Ce3+‐codoped YAG particles were synthesized by solid‐phase synthesis method. The luminescence spectra of infrared and visible regions were measured at room temperature. Compared with the Er3+‐single‐doped YAG, the sample with 1%Er3+ and 10%Ce3+ has the highest luminescence intensity at ∼1.5 µm band, and the samples with Ce3+ have the weaker upconversion visible emission and the shorter lifetime of 4I11/2 level. That codoping with Ce3+ was confirmed to be an effective method to improve the quantum efficiency of Er3+ ∼1.5 µm radiation and to decrease the energy loss from the excited state absorption of Er3+.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of self‐assembled Eu‐doped ZnO hollow microspheres
Authors: Xu Jin , Wang Nating , Wang Weiqiang 
Published: September 2011

AbstractZnO hollow microspheres with a shell wall consisting of crystalline ZnO nanosheets were synthesized by using Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 microspheres as spherical templates. Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 microspheres were first fabricated by a solvothermal procedure in an ethylene glycol (EG)–water solution. ZnO microspheres with a hexagonal structure were identified by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED). On the basis of the results, a possible self‐assembly growth mechanism was proposed. It reveals that the EG played an important role in determining the hollow morphologies of Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 structures. In addition, photoluminescence (PL) investigation of ZnO:Eu3+ suggested that a direct energy transfer occurred, which was ascribed to the energy transfer from ZnO host to Eu3+ ions.
Optical absorption enhancement of embedded Ag nanoparticles with ZnO nanorod arrays
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Yu Jae Su 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report the enhancement in optical absorption of embedded silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), which are self‐assembled from Ag films with different thicknesses by a rapid thermal annealing treatment, with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (NRAs) on fluorine‐doped SnO2/glass by a simple wet‐chemical synthesis using a thin sputtered ZnO seed layer. The optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) emission are enhanced by the resonant coupling between the localized surface plasmons of Ag NPs. For optimized ZnO NRAs with embedded Ag NPs, the PL peak intensity is increased up to 4.1 times and the optical absorption of Ag NPs is maximized with dipole and quadrupole resonance peaks.
Generation of an electromotive force by hydrogen‐to‐water oxidation with Pt‐coated oxidized titanium foils
Authors: Schierbaum Klaus , El Achhab Mhamed 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe show that chemically induced current densities up to 20 mA cm−2 and an electromotive force (EMF) up to 465 mV are generated during the hydrogen‐to‐water‐oxidation over Pt/TiO2/Ti devices. We prepare the samples by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of titanium foils and deposition of Pt contact paste. This process yields porous structures and, depending on the anodization voltage, Schottky diode‐type current–voltage curves of various ideality parameters. Our experiments demonstrate that Pt coated anodized titanium can also be utilized as hydrogen sensor; the system offers a number of advantages such as a wide temperature range of operation from −40 to 80 °C, quick response and decay times of signals, and good electrical stability.Idealized sketch of the Pt coated anodized Ti foil and application as hydrogen sensor and electric generator. magnified image
Transmission of terahertz radiation by anisotropic MWCNT/polystyrene composite films
Authors: Okotrub A. V. , Kubarev V. V. , Kanygin M. A. , Sedelnikova O. V. , Bulusheva L. G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAnisotropic composite materials have been prepared by repeated forge rolling of polystyrene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with length of ∼65 µm. Transmission spectra of the composites were recorded for two different polarizations of the electric field. Obtained data indicated that the forge rolling resulted in a predominant orientation of CNTs in polymer matrix. Anisotropic response of the composites was measured at 130 µm wavelength on the Novosibirsk terahertz free electron laser and angular dependence of the transmitted light was determined. Absorption spectrum showed no strong resonance features and it was interpreted by CNTs breaking and agglomeration of CNT fragments during the composite fabrication procedure. Based on classical theory of scattering, considered the scatters as electromagnetic antennas, the size distribution of CNTs in composites was found.magnified image
Anisotropy of terahertz radiation transmitted from MWCNT/polystyrene composite film on the Novosibirsk free electron laser at 130 µm wavelength.
Ferromagnetic coupling in Mg‐doped passivated AlN nanowires: A first‐principles study
Authors: Tang Zhen‐Kun , Wang Ling‐Ling , Tang Li‐Ming , Li Xiao‐Fei , Xiao Wen‐Zhi , Xu Liang , Zhao Li‐Hua 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBased on density functional theory calculations, we have studied the electronic structures and magnetic properties of passivated AlN nanowires (NWs) with Mg dopants. The calculated results show that double Mg atom doped passivated AlN NWs display ferromagnetic properties, and the total magnetic moment is 1.80 µB per 96‐atom unit cell excluding the pseudohydrogen atoms. However, a couple of Mg atom doped bare AlN nanowire unit cells display anti‐ferromagnetic (AFM) properties. Unequal properties of magnetic coupling in different Mg‐doped AlN structures are due to the different localization and overlapping of impurity wave functions. It is also found that the ferromagnetic stability and Curie temperature of the passivated AlN NWs are much higher than those of bulk structures.
Effect of Co doping at the B‐site on the structure and transport properties in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3
Authors: Zhang A. M. , Wu X. S. , Bian Q. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPolycrystalline samples La2/3Ca1/3(Mn1‐xCox)O3 with x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 were synthesized by standard solid‐state reaction. X‐ray diffraction results show that they are of single phase for the specimens with x≤0.3. Rietveld refinement of X‐ray diffraction data shows Mn‐O‐Mn angle decreases from 178.8° for x=0.1 to 128.8° for x=0.3. A metal‐to‐insulator transition was observed only in sample with x=0.1. The different transport properties of these samples were attributed to the different Jahn‐Teller distortion effect. The temperature dependence of resistivity at low and high temperature can be described by the small polaron model and Kondo‐like effect (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
X‐ray reciprocal space mapping study on semipolar InAlN films coherently grown on ZnO substrates
Authors: Kajima Tomofumi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Shimomoto Kazuma , Ueno Kohei , Fujii Tomoaki , Ohta Jitsuo , Fujioka Hiroshi , Oshima Masaharu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe have grown semipolar InAlN films on nearly lattice‐matched ZnO $(1\bar 101)$ substrates and investigated their structural properties. Symmetric and asymmetric reciprocal space‐mapping measurements have revealed that semipolar InAlN films grow coherently on ZnO $(1\bar 101)$ at room temperature. The narrow width of the X‐ray rocking curves and the suppression of tilting of semipolar films can be attributed to this coherency. This forms a striking contrast with the case of semipolar AlN films grown on ZnO. We calculated In composition and lattice strain in the semipolar InAlN films based on a model for the lattice distortion of semipolar wurtzite crystal, and found that In0.26Al0.74N $(1\bar 101)$ grows on ZnO substrates with small lattice strains of less than 1%. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibration Testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers for Dangerous Goods
Authors: Schurig Michael , Klinger Christian 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYIntermediate bulk containers (IBCs) for liquid dangerous goods require a ‘vibration test’ for type approval introduced in the United Nations Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods. The test has to be performed as a repetitive shock test practically identical to the test procedure previously prescribed by the US Department of Transport. It is conceptually simple but has several drawbacks.The kinetics and dynamics of a bouncing IBC have been investigated by means of simple computational models. With increasing complexity, partially plastic impact, elastodynamic response and the excitation of internal vibrations not directly affected by the bounces can be covered. The latter is a model for the sidewall vibrations. The numerical results show that the control over the specimens' response is only partially defined in the test procedure. Chaotic movements at resonance are possible and must be suppressed by changing the test parameters, which is mostly left to the test engineer. Accordingly, it is not possible to interpret the test results with a sound relation to real transport vibration environment.Experimental results, however, suggest that vibration testing of IBCs improves safety because resonance effects in a frequency range excited by typical transportation loads exist. A more detailed numerical model is necessary for the assessment of the fatigue damage imposed on IBCs by the prescribed or alternative, more realistic test procedures. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.