bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public perception and stakeholder involvement in the crisis management of sediment-related disasters and their mitigation: The case of the Stože debris flow in NW Slovenia
Authors: Mikoš Matjaz 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSediments can pose a threat to humans not only when these deposits are polluted but also due to their large quantities. This physical aspect of sediments as a risk will be shown on a case study of a sediment-related disaster that occurred in the mountainous part of Slovenia, Central Europe in 2000. In November 2000, after a long wet period a large debris landslide had been triggered on the Stože slope and stopped in the channel of the Mangart creek. Such an event took the majority of local inhabitants and emergency staff by surprise. Nevertheless, they had just organized the first mitigation measures when, after 35 hours, they were surprised by an even larger debrisflowinitiated as the second phase of the same mass movement event. Within a few minutes, the wet debris flow had devastated the alpine valley of the Koritnica River and killed 7 people in the village of Log pod Mangartom. This paper deals with crisis management and first mitigation measures under this very tense situation of searching for dead bodies. The uncertainty about possible new debris flows drove all inhabitants out of the village by a decision of the civil protection unit, and also other activities of the emergency relief units were overshadowed by the 7 victims. One of the main problems and challenges at the same time was the over 700,000m3 of wet debris flow deposits in the area of the village of Log pod Mangartom within the Triglav National park, which posed a direct threat of flooding during the first heavy rainfalls in spring 2001, and which were about to be removed to make place for future debris flows. The understanding about what really happened or about the immediate triggering factors was different among the professionals in charge for relief action and for preparing a final remediation plan. The first phase during and immediately after the disaster (relief intervention of emergency units especially those for civil protection) can be described as Concern-Driven Crisis Management or as Judgment-Based Crisis Management, respectively. The Quantitative Risk Assessment came into play in the second remediation phase through special law enforcement. Even after 10 years since the disaster, general public perception speaks in favor of judgment-based risk management rather than quantitative risk assessment, a situation that can be explained by the poor understanding of the system by local inhabitants, by low public involvement in the preparation of the final remediation plan undertaken by the state agencies, and by the fact that the final remediation is still not finished. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:216–227. © 2010 SETAC
Pasty Polymers in Cancer Drug Therapy
Authors: Pawar Rajendra P. , Kharat Kiran R. , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractInjectable polymeric systems suitable for the localized delivery of anticancer agents are reviewed. These polymeric systems include: drug‐loaded low melting temperature polymers that are injected at the melting temperature of the polymer, usually below 50 °C, that solidify at body temperature to form an in situ device; polymer solutions in buffer or in N‐methyl pyrrolidone, ethanol, or acetate esters which, upon injection in tissue,are absorbed into the tissue and cause precipitation of the polymer at the injection site; in situ crosslinking of polymer solutions to form a polymeric implant; and thermoresponsive polymer solutions that are soluble at room temperature and solidify at body temperature. However, these systems are hydrophilic and suffer from burst release of drug within a few hours post injection. Hydrophobic injectable, pasty, fat‐based polymers that gel when injected in tissue have been used for the extended release of paclitaxel, cisplatin, and other agents. This polymer releases the drug in a controlled manner with no burst release. These systems have a potential use as drug carriers for regional or systemic drug delivery.
Bisphenol A impairs estradiol‐induced protective effects against DLD‐1 colon cancer cell growth
Authors: Bolli Alessandro , Bulzomi Pamela , Galluzzo Paola , Acconcia Filippo , Marino Maria 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA), a prototype of endocrine disruptors, mimics 17β‐estradiol (E2)‐induced proliferation in several cancer cells by binding to estrogen receptor α (ERα). However, scarce and conflicting data are available concerning the effect of BPA on estrogen receptor β (ERβ)‐mediated functions. Here, the detailed analysis of the effect of BPA, alone or in combination with E2, on ERβ‐mediated cellular functions is reported in ERβ‐expressing colon cancer cell line. BPA binds to ERβ without activating any receptor activities. On the other hand, BPA inhibits E2‐induced genomic activity of ERβ as well as ERβ extra‐nuclear activities (i.e., ERβ:p38 association and p38 activation). As a consequence, BPA impairs the E2‐induced activation of the apoptotic cascade which is at the root of the protective role played by the hormone against colon cancer growth. Thus, women may be considered a highly susceptible population with an increased risk of colon cancers after BPA exposures. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(9): 684–687, 2010
Retinoids regulate stem cell differentiation
Authors: Gudas Lorraine J. , Wagner John A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRetinoids are ubiquitous signaling molecules that influence nearly every cell type, exert profound effects on development, and complement cancer chemotherapeutic regimens. All‐trans retinoic acid (RA) and other active retinoids are generated from vitamin A (retinol), but key aspects of the signaling pathways required to produce active retinoids remain unclear. Retinoids generated by one cell type can affect nearby cells, so retinoids also function in intercellular communication. RA induces differentiation primarily by binding to RARs, transcription factors that associate with RXRs and bind RAREs in the nucleus. Binding of RA: (1) initiates changes in interactions of RAR/RXRs with co‐repressor and co‐activator proteins, activating transcription of primary target genes; (2) alters interactions with proteins that induce epigenetic changes; (3) induces transcription of genes encoding transcription factors and signaling proteins that further modify gene expression (e.g., FOX03A, Hoxa1, Sox9, TRAIL, UBE2D3); and (4) results in alterations in estrogen receptor α signaling. Proteins that bind at or near RAREs include Sin3a, N‐CoR1, PRAME, Trim24, NRIP1, Ajuba, Zfp423, and MN1/TEL. Interactions among retinoids, RARs/RXRs, and these proteins explain in part the powerful effects of retinoids on stem cell differentiation. Studies of this retinol signaling cascade enhance our ability to understand and regulate stem cell differentiation for therapeutic and scientific purposes. In cancer chemotherapeutic regimens retinoids can promote tumor cell differentiation and/or induce proteins that sensitize tumors to drug combinations. Mechanistic studies of retinoid signaling continue to suggest novel drug targets and will improve therapeutic strategies for cancer and other diseases, such as immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 322–330, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whether to target single or multiple CDKs for therapy? That is the question
Authors: Węsierska‐Gądek Józefa , Maurer Margarita , Zulehner Nora , Komina Oxana 
Published: September 2010

AbstractComplexes consisting of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory subunits (the cyclins) control the progression of normal mammalian cells through the cell cycle. However, during malignant transformation this regulatory apparatus malfunctions, allowing cells to undergo unchecked proliferation. In many cases, the high mitotic potential of malignant cells is due to the constitutive activation of CDK–cyclin complexes, facilitated by the inactivation of cellular CDK inhibitors, such as p16INK4A or p27Kip1, and the loss of functional tumor suppressors, such as the p53 and pRb proteins. It has recently been suggested that pharmacological intervention based on remedying the deficiency or loss of activity of these negative regulators of the cell cycle could be a very effective therapeutic option in the treatment of cancer. Multiple CDK inhibitors have been synthesized over the last two decades, spanning at least five classes of compounds. While these inhibitors can be classified on the basis of their chemical structure, it may be more interesting to categorize them according to their pharmacological nature, as broad‐spectrum unspecific, pan‐specific, or very selective antagonists. This review offers a critical assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of both pan‐specific and highly selective CDK inhibitors in therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 341–349, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Community college supervisors and their subordinates: A quantitative investigation of personality temperament and leader‐member exchange
Authors: Holliday Tacy , Martin Magy , Martin Don 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCommunity college leadership is facing a crisis fueled by leaders retiring and student enrollment that outpaces budget growth. The purpose of this study was to better understand the leadership dynamics of community college supervisors and direct subordinates by examining the relationship bgetween leader‐member exchange (LMX) and personality temperament. Data from the Supervisor Leader‐Member Exchange Multidimensional Model (SLMX‐MDM) survey was used to determine LMX total within four subscales: affect, loyalty, contribution, and professional respect. Participants' temperaments were determined by the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II (KTS‐II). Research questions focused on whether differences in LMX existed among groups of supervisor–subordinate dyads that were categorized according to temperament similarity: 1) identical temperament (e.g., both supervisor and subordinate are SJ), 2) one letter (e.g., SP and SJ), or 3) no letters in common (e.g., NF and SP). The 50 participating dyads were selected through proportionate stratified sampling. Results from one‐way ANOVAs showed significant differences among groups with respect to total LMX, contribution, and professional respect.
Personality similarities and differences between Mexican and American business leaders
Authors: Ojeda Arnulfo H. , James Ree Malcolm , Carretta Thomas R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA study was conducted to investigate personality similarities and differences for a group of 200 business leaders, 100 each from Southern Mexico and the United States. Mexican and American leaders were administered the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) in their native language (Spanish or English). A demographic questionnaire solicited information about age, education, and gender. These variables were used as covariates in some analyses. After controlling for the effects of age, gender, and education level, the authors found that Mexican leaders scored higher than their American counterparts on the warmth, emotional stability, social boldness, and openness to change scales. American leaders scored higher on the abstractedness and self‐reliance scales. On scales related to leadership there were between‐nationality differences on emotional stability, social boldness, abstractedness, and self‐reliance. Additional studies are suggested to illuminate cross‐nationality similarities and differences.
Lymphoepithelial cysts in the pancreas: MRI of two cases with emphasis of diffusion‐weighted imaging characteristics
Authors: Nam Se Jin , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Kim Hyunki , Yu Jeong‐Sik , Yoon Dong‐Sup , Chung Jae‐Joon , Kim Joo Hee , Kim Ki Whang 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPancreatic lymphoepithelial cysts (LECs) are rare pancreatic cystic lesions filled with keratinized material, lined by mature, keratinizing squamous epithelium and surrounded by lymphoid tissue containing few lymphoid follicles. We report two cases of surgically confirmed pancreatic LECs showing a profound restriction of water molecules on diffusion‐weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For pancreatic cystic lesions showing lack of molecular motion on DWI with or without thin marginal enhancement on contrast material‐enhanced imaging, LECs consisting of internally keratinized materials with restricted diffusion should be considered in differential diagnoses even though they cannot always be easy to distinguish from other focal pancreatic lesions containing mucin, blood clot, or nonliquefactive necrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:692–696. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Wang Jinnan , Balu Niranjan , Canton Gador , Yuan Chun 
Published: September 2010

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current clinical techniques that rely on stenosis measurement alone appear to be insufficient for risk prediction in atherosclerosis patients. Many novel imaging methods have been developed to study atherosclerosis progression and to identify new features that can predict future clinical risk. MRI of atherosclerotic vessel walls is one such method. It has the ability to noninvasively evaluate multiple biomarkers of the disease such as luminal stenosis, plaque burden, tissue composition and plaque activity. In addition, the accuracy of in vivo MRI has been validated against histology with high reproducibility, thus paving the way for application to epidemiological studies of disease pathogenesis and, by serial MRI, in monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic intervention. In this review, we describe the various MR techniques used to evaluate aspects of plaque progression, discuss imaging‐based measurements (imaging biomarkers), and also detail their validation. The application of plaque MRI in clinical trials as well as emerging imaging techniques used to evaluate plaque compositional features and biological activities are also discussed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:502–515. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Susceptibility mapping as a means to visualize veins and quantify oxygen saturation
Authors: Haacke E.M. , Tang J. , Neelavalli J. , Cheng Y.C.N. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To create an orientation‐independent, 3D reconstruction of the veins in the brain using susceptibility mapping.Materials and Methods:High‐resolution, high‐pass filtered phase images usually used for susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) were used as a source for local magnetic field behavior. These images were subsequently postprocessed using an inverse procedure to generate susceptibility maps of the veins. Regularization and interpolation of the data in k‐space of the phase images were used to reduce reconstruction artifacts. To understand the effects of artifacts, and to fine‐tune the methodology, simulations of blood vessels were performed with and without noise.Results:With sufficient resolution, major veins in the brain could be visualized with this approach. The usual geometry‐dependent phase dipole effects are removed by this processing, leaving basically images of the veins. Different sized vessels show a different level of contrast depending on their partial volume effects. Vessels that are 8 mm or 16 mm in size show quantitative values expected for normal oxygen saturation levels. Smaller vessels show smaller values due to errors in the methodology and due to partial volume effects. Larger vessels show a bias toward a reduced susceptibility approaching 90% of the expected value. Limitations of the method and artifacts related to different sources of errors are demonstrated.Conclusion:Susceptibility maps can successfully create venograms of the brain with varying levels of contrast‐to‐noise depending on the size of the vessel. Partial volume effects render this approach more useful as an imaging tool or a visualization tool, although certain larger vessels have measured susceptibilities close to expected values associated with normal blood oxygen saturation levels. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:663–676. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T2‐weighted 3D fast spin echo imaging with water–fat separation in a single acquisition
Authors: Madhuranthakam Ananth J. , Yu Huanzhou , Shimakawa Ann , Busse Reed F. , Smith Martin P. , Reeder Scott B. , Rofsky Neil M. , Brittain Jean H. , McKenzie Charles A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To develop a robust 3D fast spin echo (FSE) T2‐weighted imaging method with uniform water and fat separation in a single acquisition, amenable to high‐quality multiplanar reformations.Materials and Methods:The Iterative Decomposition of water and fat with Echo Asymmetry and Least squares estimation (IDEAL) method was integrated with modulated refocusing flip angle 3D‐FSE. Echoes required for IDEAL processing were acquired by shifting the readout gradient with respect to the Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill echo. To reduce the scan time, an alternative data acquisition using two gradient echoes per repetition was implemented. Using the latter approach, a total of four gradient echoes were acquired in two repetitions and used in the modified IDEAL reconstruction.Results:3D‐FSE T2‐weighted images with uniform water–fat separation were successfully acquired in various anatomies including breast, abdomen, knee, and ankle in clinically feasible scan times, ranging from 5:30–8:30 minutes. Using water‐only and fat‐only images, in‐phase and out‐of‐phase images were reconstructed.Conclusion:3D‐FSE‐IDEAL provides volumetric T2‐weighted images with uniform water and fat separation in a single acquisition. High‐resolution images with multiple contrasts can be reformatted to any orientation from a single acquisition. This could potentially replace 2D‐FSE acquisitions with and without fat suppression and in multiple planes, thus improving overall imaging efficiency. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:745–751. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of intraneural ganglion cysts using three‐dimensional fast spin echo‐cube
Authors: Shahid Kameron R. , Spinner Robert J. , Skinner John A. , Felmlee Joel P. , Bond Jeffrey R. , Stanley David W. , Amrami Kimberly K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To compare conventional two‐dimensional fast spin echo (FSE) MRI sequences with a three‐dimensional FSE extended echo train acquisition method, known as Cube, in the evaluation of intraneural ganglion cysts. Also, to demonstrate that Cube enables the consistent identification and thorough characterization of the cystic joint connection, and therefore improves patient care by superior preoperative planning.Materials and Methods:Six patients with intraneural ganglia in the knee region (five involving the peroneal and one the tibial nerve) were evaluated using both conventional FSE MR sequences and the Cube sequence. Studies were interpreted by the consensus of three board certified musculoskeletal radiologists and one peripheral nerve neurosurgeon. Surgical correlation was available in five of the six cases.Results:Both imaging methods demonstrated the cysts and at least part of their joint connections after variable amount of postprocessing. Cube proved superior to conventional imaging in its ability to acquire isotropic data that could easily be reconstructed in any plane and its ability to resolve fine anatomical details.Conclusion:Cube is a new MR pulse sequence that enables the consistent identification of the intraneural ganglion cyst joint connection. We believe that improved visualization and characterization of the entire cyst will improve patient outcomes by facilitating more accurate surgical intervention. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:714–718. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI quantification of splenic iron concentration in mouse
Authors: Hitti Eric , Eliat Pierre‐Antoine , Abgueguen Emmanuelle , Ropert Martine , Leroyer Patricia , Brissot Pierre , Gandon Yves , Saint‐Jalmes Herve , Loréal Olivier 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To quantify hepatic and splenic iron load, which is a critical issue for iron overload disease diagnosis. MRI is useful to noninvasively determine liver iron concentration, but not proven to be adequate for robust evaluation of splenic iron load. We evaluated the usefulness of MRI‐derived parameters to determine splenic iron concentration in mice.Materials and Methods:A mouse model of experimental iron load was used. Multi‐echo spin‐echo images of liver and spleen were acquired at 4.7 Tesla. The parameters were tested at all echoes with and without an external reference. Splenic and hepatic iron concentrations were determined using biochemical assay as the gold standard.Results:Our results show that (i) use of an internal or external reference is essential; (ii) optimal echo times were TE = 19.5 ms and TE = 32.5 ms for the liver and spleen, respectively; (iii) in the liver, the relationship between biochemical and MRI iron concentration determinations is logarithmic; (iv) in the spleen, the best relationship is an inverse function.Conclusion:A single spin‐echo sequence allows robust estimation of hepatic and splenic iron content. Parameters classically used for hepatic iron concentration cannot be applied to splenic iron determination, which requires both the specific sequence and the adapted fitting function. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:639–646. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of putative iron content as represented by changes in R2* and phase with age in deep gray matter of healthy adults
Authors: Haacke E. Mark , Miao Yanwei , Liu Manju , Habib Charbel A. , Katkuri Yashwanth , Liu Ting , Yang Zhihong , Lang Zhijin , Hu Jiani , Wu Jianlin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To establish a correlation between putative iron content using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) phase and T2* weighted magnitude values in the basal ganglia and the thalamus as a function of age in healthy human brains.Materials and Methods:One hundred healthy adults (range, 20–69 years; mean, 43 years) were evaluated for this study using a gradient echo sequence. The original magnitude and high pass filtered phase data were analyzed as proxy variables for iron content in the substantia nigra, red nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus, thalamus, and pulvinar thalamus. Each structure was broken into two parts, a high iron content region and a low iron content region.Results:Both magnitude and phase data showed an increase in putative iron content with age. However, the high iron content region revealed two new pieces of information: both the average iron content per pixel and the area of high iron increased with age. Furthermore, significant increase in iron uptake as a function of age was found past the age of 40.Conclusion:A two region of interest analysis of iron is a much more sensitive means to evaluate iron content change over time. Contrary to the current belief that iron content increases level off with age, the putative iron deposition in the high iron content region is seen to increase with age. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:561–576. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.