bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porphyromonas gingivalisOMVs promoting endothelial dysfunction via the STING pathway in periodontitis
Authors: Chen Zhenwei , Cao Ye , Jiang Wenxiu , Yan Zixin , Cai Guanhui , Ye Junjie , Wang Hua , Liu Luwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (Pg‐OMVs) in chronic periodontitis and explore the underlying mechanism involved.MethodsIn vitro, Pg‐OMVs were incubated with Ea.hy926 (vessel endothelial cells, ECs) to evaluate their effects on endothelial functions and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The effects of endothelial dysfunction on MG63 osteoblast‐like cells were verified using an indirect co‐culture method. For in vivo studies, micro‐CT was conducted to identify alveolar bone mass. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to confirm the levels of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in the blood vessel and the number of Runx2+ cells around the alveolar bone.ResultsPg‐OMVs were endocytosed by ECs, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The cGAS‐STING‐TBK1 pathway was activated in ECs, which subsequently inhibited MG63 migration and early osteogenesis differentiation. In vivo, Pg‐OMVs promoted alveolar bone resorption, increased STING levels in the blood vessel, and decreased Runx2+ cells around the alveolar bone.ConclusionsPg‐OMVs caused endothelial dysfunction and activated the cGAS‐STING‐TBK1 signal cascade in ECs, thereby impairing ECs‐mediated osteogenesis. Furthermore, Pg‐OMVs aggregated alveolar bone loss and altered the blood vessel‐mediated osteogenesis with elevated STING.
Can Robotic Arm‐assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Remain Cost‐effective in Volume‐based Procurement System in China? A Markov Model‐based Study
Authors: Zhang Zhuo , Luo Yang , Zhang Jing , Zhang Chong , Wang Xin , Chen Jiying , Chai Wei 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThe volume based procurement (VBP) program in China was initiated in 2022. The cost‐effectiveness of robotic arm assisted total knee arthroplasty is yet uncertain after the initiation of the program. The objective of the study was to investigate the cost‐effectiveness of robotic arm‐assisted total knee arthroplasty and the influence of the VBP program to its cost‐effectiveness in China.MethodsThe study was a Markov model‐based cost‐effectiveness study. Cases of primary total knee arthroplasty from January 2019 to December 2021 were included retrospectively. A Markov model was developed to simulate patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis. Manual and robotic arm‐assisted total knee arthroplasties were compared for cost‐effectiveness before and after the engagement of the VBP program in China. Probability and sensitivity analysis were conducted.ResultsRobotic arm‐assisted total knee arthroplasty showed better recovery and lower revision rates before and after initiation of the VBP program. Robotic arm‐based TKA was superior to manual total knee arthroplasty, with an increased effectiveness of 0.26 (16.87 vs 16.61) before and 0.52 (16.96 vs 16.43) after the application of Volume‐based procurement, respectively. The procedure is more cost‐effective in the new procurement system (17.13 vs 16.89). Costs of manual or robotic arm‐assisted TKA were the most sensitive parameters in our model.ConclusionBased on previous and current medical charging systems in China, robotic arm‐assisted total knee arthroplasty is a more cost‐effective procedure compared to traditional manual total knee arthroplasty. As the volume‐based procurement VBP program shows, the procedure can be more cost‐effective.
Avoiding pain during propofol injection in pediatric anesthesia: Hypnoanalgesia of the hand versus intravenous lidocaine
Authors: Polomeni Marie‐Madeleine , Huguet Thomas , Mariotti Maryline , Larcher Claire , Delort François , Minville Vincent , Kern Delphine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionPain related to injection of propofol during induction of anesthesia decreases from 66.8% without prevention, to 22–31% of cases when lidocaine is associated. Hypnoanalgesia of the hand is currently used for painful procedures in children but has never been evaluated in this indication. The primary aim of this prospective randomized single‐blind study was to evaluate the efficacy of hypnoanalgesia of the hand for the prevention of moderate to severe pain during intravenous injection of propofol alone in comparison to lidocaine admixture. The secondary aim was to compare the global satisfaction of children in both methods.Patients and MethodsOne hundred patients aged 7–14 years, ASA 1‐2, admitted for scheduled surgery under general anesthesia were randomized into two groups. Group L received a mixture of 1% propofol (3 mg/kg) and 1% Lidocaine (0.3 mg/kg). Group H received 1% propofol (3 mg/kg) after hypnoanalgesia of the hand realized by a single experimented operator. A video was made in order to evaluate the pain related to propofol injection by a blinded observer using the 4‐point score of Cameron (painful ≥ 2). The global satisfaction of children was evaluated in postanesthesia care unit and documented if visual analog score was <7/10.ResultsNinety‐six patients were analyzed. The rate of painful patients did not differ significantly between groups (8.5% in group H [n = 47] vs 6.1% in group L [n = 49], OR= 0.70; 95% CI [0.13–3.35], p = 0.65), nor did the rate of nonsatisfied patients (10.6 in group H vs. 12.2% in group L, OR = 0.85; 95% CI [0.19–3.65], p = 1).ConclusionsOur results suggest that hypnoanalgesia of the hand alone is effective to prevent the pain related to propofol injection in children. No significant difference was found in comparison with lidocaine admixture nor for pain or satisfaction.
Determination of optimal positive end‐expiratory pressure using electrical impedance tomography in infants under general anesthesia: Comparison between supine and prone positions
Authors: Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kang Pyoyoon , Park Jung‐Bin , Ji Sang‐Hwan , Jang Young‐Eun , Kim Eun‐Hee , Kim Jin‐Tae , Kim Hee‐Soo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThis study determined the optimal positive end‐expiratory pressure levels in infants in supine and prone positions under general anesthesia using electrical impedance tomography (EIT).MethodsThis prospective observational single‐centre study included infants scheduled for surgery in the prone position. An electrical impedance tomography sensor was applied after inducing general anesthesia. The optimal positive end‐expiratory pressure in the supine position was determined in a decremental trial based on EIT and compliance. Subsequently, the patient's position was changed to prone. Electrical impedance tomography parameters, including global inhomogeneity index, regional ventilation delay, opening pressure, the centre of ventilation, and pendelluft volume, were continuously obtained up to 1 h after prone positioning. The optimal positive end‐expiratory pressure in the prone position was similarly determined.ResultsData from 30 infants were analyzed. The mean value of electrical impedance tomography‐based optimal positive end‐expiratory pressure in the prone position was significantly higher than that in the supine position [10.9 (1.6) cmH2O and 6.1 (0.9) cmH2O, respectively (p < .001)]. Significant differences were observed between electrical impedance tomography‐ and compliance‐based optimal positive end‐expiratory pressure. Peak and mean airway, plateau, and driving pressures increased 1 h after prone positioning compared with those in the supine position. In addition, the centre of ventilation for balance in ventilation between the ventral and dorsal regions improved.ConclusionThe prone position required higher positive end‐expiratory pressure than the supine position in mechanically ventilated infants under general anesthesia. EIT is a promising tool to find the optimal positive end‐expiratory pressure, which needs to be individualized.
The age of leadership: Meta‐analytic findings on the relationship between leader age and perceived leadership style and the moderating role of culture and industry type
Authors: Tomova Shakur Teodora K. , North Michael S. , Berson Yair , Oreg Shaul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractManagers' leadership style has a substantial impact on employee and organizational outcomes. In the present study, we consider the role of leaders’ chronological age in predicting followers’ perceptions of their leadership style. Whereas ample research uncovers relationships between individuals’ age and how these individuals are perceived by others, little is known about how leaders’ chronological age impacts others’ perceptions of their style. Even less is known about how such relationships vary across cultures and industries. We conducted a meta‐analysis (164 unique studies; N = 397,456 observations) to explore these relationships, using the Full‐Range leadership model. We found that leader age was negatively related to perceptions of transformational and transactional leadership, and positively related to perceptions of passive leadership. Further, some of these effects varied on several cultural dimensions: The negative relationship between leader age and transformational leadership was weaker in collectivistic cultures, while the negative relationship with transactional leadership was stronger in high power distance cultures. Industry type also mattered: the relationship between leader age and both transformational and contingent reward leadership styles was amplified in the public sector. Lastly, perceptions of older leaders were more negative when ratings were provided by followers rather than the leaders themselves. Our findings offer both theoretical and practical implications for leading in an increasingly age‐diverse workforce, such as better informing the workforce of present age stereotypes and their imminent effect on organizations.
Mobile phones, income diversification, and poverty reduction in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Matsuura‐Kannari Masanori , Islam Abu Hayat Md. Saiful , Tauseef Salauddin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe widespread adoption of mobile phones (MPs) presents the possibility of creating employment and self‐employment opportunities. Although several studies have documented the impact of MPs on income, the link between MP ownership and poverty reduction channeled by income diversification has not been fully explored. This paper aims to examine this relationship using nationally representative panel data and fixed effect models to account for confounding factors and unobserved heterogeneity. Results indicate that MP ownership is associated with increased income diversification, particularly through on‐farm and off‐farm self‐employment, as well as non‐earned income. This relationship is more pronounced in households with lower levels of education and deprived areas. In addition, owning a MP is also found to decrease poverty via income diversification. Therefore, policies aimed at enhancing access to mobile technologies could create a resilient income portfolio by decreasing transaction costs and improving market efficiency, ultimately mitigating poverty in rural regions.
Establishment and application of perceived age prediction model for the periocular aging research of Chinese Han women
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Li Nihong , Wang Mingyu , Jin Yuting , Ye Rui , Du Le , Hu Fan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe assessment of skin aging through skin measurements faces limitations, making perceived age evaluation a more valuable and direct tool for assessing skin aging. Given that the aging process markedly affects the appearance of the eye contour, characterizing the eye region could be beneficial for perceived age assessment. This study aimed to analyze age‐correlated changes in the eye contour within the Chinese Han female population and to develop, validate, and apply a multiple linear regression model for predicting perceived age.Materials and methodsA naïve panel of 107 Chinese women assessed the perceived ages of 212 Chinese Han women. Instrumental analysis evaluated periorbital parameters, including palpebral fissure width (PFW), palpebral fissure height (PFH), acclivity of palpebral fissure (AX), angle of inner canthal (AEN), and angle of outer canthal (AEX). These parameters were used to construct a multiple linear regression model for predicting the perceived ages of Chinese Han women. A combined treatment using Fotona 4D and an anti‐aging eye cream, formulated with plant extracts, peptides, and antioxidants, was conducted to verify the cream's anti‐aging efficacy and safety. This eye cream was then tested in a large‐scale clinical trial involving 101 participants. The prediction model was employed in this trial to assess the perceived ages of the women after an 8‐week application of the eye cream.ResultsAll parameters were observed to decrease with age. An intergroup comparison indicated that eyelid aging in Chinese Han women accelerates beyond the age of 50. Consequently, a linear regression model was constructed and validated, with the perceived age being calculated as 183.159 ‐ 1.078 * AEN ‐ 4.487 * PFW + 6.061 * PFH ‐ 1.003 * AX ‐ 0.328 * AEX. The anti‐aging efficacy and safety of the eye cream were confirmed through combined treatment with Fotona 4D, showing improvements in wrinkles, elasticity, and dark circles under the eyes. In a large‐scale clinical evaluation using this eye cream, a perceived age prediction model was applied, suggesting that 8 weeks of use made participants appear 2.25 years younger.ConclusionOur study developed and validated a multiple linear regression model to predict the perceived age of Chinese Han women. This model was successfully utilized in a large‐scale clinical evaluation of anti‐aging eye cream, revealing that 8 weeks of usage made participants appear 2.25 years younger. This method effectively bridges the gap between clinical research and consumer perceptions, explores the complex factors influencing perceived age, and aims to improve anti‐aging formulations.
How to … navigate entry into the field of clinical education research and scholarship
Authors: Harvey Bluemel Anna , Gillespie Hannah , Asif Aqua , Samuriwo Ray 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClinical education research (ClinEdR) is a growing field that aims to ensure the way healthcare professionals are taught and learn is evidence‐based. There is growing interest in how this evidence is generated in a robust, timely and cost‐effective fashion. In this ‘How to …’ paper, we draw on relevant literature and our own experiences to offer suggestions on how novice researchers can navigate entry into the field of ClinEdR. We summarise key resources for those at the earliest stages of their interest in ClinEdR and scholarship and provide personal experiences of networking, collaborating and balancing research with a clinical or teaching role. This paper will be of interest to those at any stage in their clinical career with little to no experience of ClinEdR, but the enthusiasm to get started.
Clinicopathologic conference: Bloodstream infection in an allogeneic hamatopoietic cell transplant: Thinking beyond the usual
Authors: Yeoh Kim , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Lamoth Frédéric , Slavin Monica A , Williams Eloise , Neofytos Dionysios 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis case involves a 53‐year‐old female with concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma. She underwent cytarabine and daunorubicin (7+3) induction chemotherapy followed by cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation, with an early AML relapse requiring azacitidine and venetoclax therapy. She achieved complete remission and incomplete count recovery. Following fludarabine, melphalan, and thymoglobulin induction chemotherapy, she underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant with failure to engraft, requiring autologous stem cell rescue, buffy coat, and granulocyte transfusions, eventually presenting with a diffuse skin rash consistent with Steven‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, persistent neutropenic fevers and positive blood cultures.
Researching Philippine Englishes
Authors: Cruz Priscilla Angela T. , Martin Isabel Pefianco 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article achieves two ends. First, it surveys recent research on the English language in the Philippines, and, second, introduces the research articles from the contributors to the special issue on Philippine Englishes. The special issue is divided into five sections, namely, linguistic description, sociolinguistics, educational linguistics, critical linguistics and bilingual creativity. The diversity of these topics thus provides a direct illustration of the vibrant nature of research on Philippine English.
KSHV genome harbors both constitutive and lytically induced enhancers
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Nilabja , Gurevich Vyacheslav , Shamay Meir 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) belongs to the gamma-herpesvirus family and is a well-known human oncogenic virus. In infected cells, the viral genome of 165 kbp is circular DNA wrapped in chromatin. The tight control of gene expression is critical for latency, the transition into the lytic phase, and the development of viral-associated malignancies. Distal
cis
-regulatory elements, such as enhancers and silencers, can regulate gene expression in a position- and orientation-independent manner. Open chromatin is another characteristic feature of enhancers. To systematically search for enhancers, we cloned all the open chromatin regions in the KSHV genome downstream of the luciferase gene and tested their enhancer activity in infected and uninfected cells. A silencer was detected upstream of the latency-associated nuclear antigen promoter. Two constitutive enhancers were identified in the K12p-OriLyt-R and ORF29 Intron regions, where ORF29 Intron is a tissue-specific enhancer. The following promoters: OriLyt-L, PANp, ALTp, and the terminal repeats (TRs) acted as lytically induced enhancers. The expression of the replication and transcription activator (RTA), the master regulator of the lytic cycle, was sufficient to induce the activity of lytic enhancers in uninfected cells. We propose that the TRs that span about 24 kbp region serve as a “viral super-enhancer” that integrates the repressive effect of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) with the activating effect of RTA. Utilizing CRISPR activation and interference techniques, we determined the connections between these enhancers and their regulated genes. The silencer and enhancers described here provide an additional layer to the complex gene regulation of herpesviruses.

IMPORTANCE

In this study, we performed a systematic functional assay to identify
cis
-regulatory elements within the genome of the oncogenic herpesvirus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Similar to other herpesviruses, KSHV presents both latent and lytic phases. Therefore, our assays were performed in uninfected cells, during latent infection, and under lytic conditions. We identified two constitutive enhancers, one of which seems to be a tissue-specific enhancer. In addition, four lytically induced enhancers, which are all responsive to the replication and transcription activator (RTA), were identified. Furthermore, a silencer was identified between the major latency promoter and the lytic gene locus. Utilizing CRISPR activation and interference techniques, we determined the connections between these enhancers and their regulated genes. The terminal repeats, spanning a region of about 24 kbp, seem like a “viral super-enhancer” that integrates the repressive effect of the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) with the activating effect of RTA to regulate latency to lytic transition.
Compliance status of tobacco control laws in the university setting of Bangladesh: an analytical study followed a mixed-method approach
Authors: Akter Nasrin , Banu Bilkis , Chowdhury Sujana Haque , Tabassum Tahsin Tasneem , Hossain Sarder Mahmud 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundImplementation of National Tobacco Control Laws (NTCLs) in university settings was found to be worse in Bangladesh.ObjectivesThis study aimed to depict the compliance status of tobacco control laws (TCLs) and the associated factors following the university setting approach in Bangladesh.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with a mixed-method approach among the 385 students (quantitative method), 10 teachers and 10 administrative staff (qualitative method) of Northern University Bangladesh. Data were collected through mobile phone calling (quantitative) and in-depth interviews method (qualitative). Appropriate ethical issues were addressed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the determinants. The study revealed non-satisfactory compliance with TCLs among 56.4% of study subjects which was strongly supported by the outcome of the qualitative approach. Predominant non-satisfactory compliance was found through the explorations of the conditions of buying and selling tobacco (78.4%), pasting no-smoking signage (3.2%), antitobacco advertisement within the university (34.8%) and specific university policy to implement NTCL. Non-satisfactory compliance was found significant among the younger aged (≤21 years: COR/p=2.74/0.01; 95% CI 1.27 to 5.92) from the first-year group (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)/p=2.28/0.02; 95% CI 1.15 to 4.49) who had moderate nicotine dependency (AOR/p=4.04/0.01; 95% CI 1.28 to 12.74), poor knowledge on TCLs (AOR/p=3.57/0.02; 95% CI 1.28 to 9.95) and the respondents who suggested family guidance (AOR/p=1.77/0.06; 95% CI 0.97 to 3.22) might be a sustainable way to minimise tobacco consumption in the university setting.ConclusionsThe study revealed some crucial factors for the non-satisfactory compliance status towards TCLs in the university setting. This empirical outcome and evaluation strategy can guide to plan of future large-scale studies, which may lead to implementing effective intervention programmes focusing on the development of a tobacco-free environment in the university setting.
Determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among adults undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in Tigray Region, Ethiopia: a case–control study
Authors: Zereabruk Kidane , Kahsay Tensay , Teklemichael Hiyab , Aberhe Woldu , Hailay Abrha , Mebrahtom Guesh , Bezabh Gebrewahd 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least the first-line antituberculosis drugs namely, rifampicin and isoniazid. However, most of these studies were limited only to a single hospital. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among adults undergoing treatment for tuberculosis in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.MethodsHospital-based unmatched case–control study was conducted from 1 April 2019 to 30 June 2019. A simple random sampling method was used to select the required sample size. Variables at a p value less than 0.25 in bivariate analysis were entered into a multivariable analysis to identify the determinant factors of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Finally, the level of significance was declared at p<0.05.ResultsRural residence (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.54; 95% CI 1.34 to 4.83), HIV (AOR 4.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 14.2), relapse (AOR 3.86; 95% CI 1.98 to 7.5), return after lost follow-up (AOR 6.29; 95% CI 1.64 to 24.2), treatment failure (AOR 5.87; 95% CI 1.39 to 24.8) were among the determinants of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.ConclusionRural residence, HIV, relapses, return after lost follow-up and treatment failure were the identified determinant factors of multidrug-resistance tuberculosis.