bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Genetic Mapping and Discovery of Linkage Disequilibrium Across Linkage Groups in White Clover (Trifolium repensL.)
Authors: Isobe Sachiko N , Hisano Hiroshi , Sato Shusei , Hirakawa Hideki , Okumura Kenji , Shirasawa Kenta , Sasamoto Shigemi , Watanabe Akiko , Wada Tsuyuko , Kishida Yoshie , Tsuruoka Hisano , Fujishiro Tsunakazu , Yamada Manabu , Kohara Mistuyo , Tabata Satoshi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWhite clover (Trifolium repens L.) is an allotetraploid species (2n = 4X = 32) that is widely distributed in temperate regions and cultivated as a forage legume. In this study, we developed expressed sequence tag (EST)–derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, constructed linkage maps, and performed comparative mapping with other legume species. A total of 7982 ESTs that could be assembled into 5400 contigs and 2582 singletons were generated. Using the EST sequences that were obtained, 1973 primer pairs to amplify EST-derived SSR markers were designed and used for linkage analysis of 188 F1 progenies, which were generated by a cross between two Japanese plants, ‘273-7’ and ‘T17-349,’ with previously published SSR markers. An integrated linkage map was constructed by combining parental-specific maps, which consisted of 1743 SSR loci on 16 homeologous linkage groups with a total length of 2511 cM. The primer sequences of the developed EST-SSR markers and their map positions are available on http://clovergarden.jp/. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed on 9 of 16 linkage groups of a parental-specific map. The genome structures were compared among white clover, red clover (T. pratense L.), Medicago truncatula, and Lotus japonicus. Macrosynteny was observed across the four legume species. Surprisingly, the comparative genome structure between white clover and M. truncatula had a higher degree of conservation than that of the two clover species.
Early Injectivity Test Helps to Understand Reservoir Performance and Connectivity
Authors: Otaibi Majid H. , Pinilla E. J. , Pardo C. H. , Alodah Meshari D. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Optimum development of a giant offshore field requires the best strategy and maximum reservoir knowledge. Any information gained in advance will improve the development strategy and allow for taking timely corrective measures to optimize production and recovery. Amongst many alternatives to get early information, a long term injectivity test is considered to be a good method to determine injection sustainability and reservoir connectivity – transmissibility. This paper presents the background and methodology to implement a long term injectivity test in an offshore field, the challenges faced during the initial phase of injection, and the preliminary results of the test in the two reservoirs included in this project.
The subject field development consists of two main reservoirs that were characterized to have a transition of the oil column from the typical Arabian Heavy medium viscosity to very Heavy Oil zone at the flanks of the reservoirs, and lower rock properties in the western flank of the field. Thus, a long term injectivity test in the field was planned to give early information on some of the identified uncertainties; its aim is to evaluate the sustainability of the injection rate at depths very close or inside the Heavy Oil zone and transmissibility towards the crestal sector of the field from the injector wells located in the western flank of the structure. Additionally, the test will allow us to evaluate the vertical communication within the shallower reservoir as we have identified two very good permeability zones separated by a very low permeability rock in between which could act as a barrier in the flanks and as a baffle in the crest under dynamic conditions.
Main drivers for these tests were:
Few wells drilled in the west sector during initial development and production period Well tests and core data indicate low permeability along the west flank Current Earth model reflects the estimated lower permeability in west flank of the field and simulation results suggest the need of many wells in this flank to compensate withdrawal rates Evaluate vertical connectivity across and within the reservoirs
Based on above, early interference tests were designed to evaluate this transmissibility and optimization of the field development including injectors’ well placement. The selected wells were proposed to get good sector coverage to better understand the reservoirs which includes two wells in the deeper reservoir and one well in the shallower one.
A Pressure Transient Approach for Dynamic Characterization of a Giant Carbonate Middle Eastern Oil Field
Authors: Guerrero Rodolfo J. , Lyngra Stig , BinAkresh Saud A. , Widjaja Danang R. , Alhuthali Ahmed H. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive pressure transient analyses (PTA) based dynamic reservoir characterization of a mature giant carbonate oil field. An important part of an integrated reservoir study is to reconcile differences between the static and dynamic models. In this study, a large number of well tests were analyzed and integrated with other field data. The current study highlights the paramount importance of PTA for a refined reservoir description, including permeability modeling and characterizing intersecting or nonintersecting conductive fractures and faults across the field. This well tests data review has also broadened the field dynamics understanding along with the strengths of the synergic multidisciplinary approach as the PTA data is integrated with other reservoir characterization data types.
The subject field is composed of two naturally fractured reservoirs separated by a thick non-permeable zone. The Upper reservoir is prolific, while the Lower reservoir is relatively tight and highly fractured. Early pressure data confirms communication between the two reservoirs through several large scale fractures crossing the thick non-permeable zone.
For the purpose of this study, the field has been divided into several areas, with representative well data from both the Upper and Lower reservoirs. Pressure buildups from multi-well groups, generally conducted as single-phase (before water breakthrough), were analyzed by advanced analytical and/or numerical models. The selected interpretation model was dependent on the reservoir complexities diagnosed from the derivative plots. The analyses provided valuable well parameters, such as flow capacities and productivity indices, which are critical as input for permeability modeling and simulation model history-matching. Subsequently, equally important is the detection of reservoir description events that can be observed from the PTA response, e.g., areas of inter-reservoir communication, super permeability zones or quantification of fracture characteristic parameters. The presented case study includes well examples of the major observed field reservoir features.
Effect of acute heat stress on rat adrenal medulla — a morphological and ultrastructural study
Authors: Petrovic-Kosanovic Dragana , Milosevic Maja , Budec Mirela , Koko Vesna 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIsolated rat adrenal medulla was analyzed by light and electron microscope after an acute (60 min) exposure to high ambient temperature (38°C). Under these conditions there was a significant rise in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline. Stereological investigation by light microscopy showed a significant decrease in volume density of cells and an increase in the interstitium. At the ultrastructural level, the profile area of cells, nuclei and cytoplasm of adrenaline cells were significantly decreased. After the heat stress numbers of resting granules in adre naline and noradrenaline cells were significantly reduced, while the numbers of altered granules and empty containers in both types of adrenomedullar cells were significantly increased.
Selected Issues Related to Funding of Czech Olympic Movement
Authors: Pacut Miroslav 
Published: May 2012

Selected Issues Related to Funding of Czech Olympic Movement
Olympic movement has a long tradition in our country and in the current Czech Republic is one of the leading elements for domestic sport. Czech Olympic Committee is forced in present days to face out the some new facts concerning to the multi-sources financial flows for this organization. In this case we could mentioned join stock company Sazka and ambush marketing.
Pratiques juvéniles d'information : de l'incertitude à la sérendipité
Authors: Aillerie Karine 
Published: May 2012

Résumé La sérendipité peut-elle être considérée comme une compétence ? À travers les propos d’une cinquantaine de collégiens et lycéens recueillis lors d’une enquête réalisée en 2008, Karine Aillerie étudie les comportements des jeunes internautes lors de leurs recherches d’information sur Internet. Loin de ressentir un sentiment d’incertitude, certains se laissent tenter par le chemin des écoliers sur les sentiers sinueux d’Internet ; d’autres au contraire ont peur de s’y perdre et n’osent s’aventurer hors des parcours balisés. Cette aptitude à accepter d’aller vers l’inconnu, à être ouvert à de nouvelles découvertes, cette ouverture à la sérendipité, raffermit ces adolescents dans une attitude de recherche plutôt que de résultats.
Andrew DiRosa, MPA ‘02, Section Chief (Acting) of the Executive Intelligence Section of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
Authors: Brody Rachel , Nadas Joshua 
Published: May 2012

Mr. DiRosa obtained a Master’s in Public Administration (MPA), with a focus on managing federal agencies, from The George Washington University in 2002. While at GWU, Andy served as editor of Policy Perspectives, and was awarded the Leadership Award and was inducted into the Pi Alpha Alpha public administration honor society. Andy obtained a BA from Old Dominion University (Norfolk, VA) in English and Political Science in 1987. While at ODU he was elected to two terms on the student senate.Presently, Andy is the assistant section chief of the Executive Intelligence Section in the FBI’s Directorate of Intelligence at FBI Headquarters. In this capacity he helps oversee daily operation of 24-hour units that prepare the daily intelligence briefing materials for the FBI Director, US Attorney General, and other senior executives. Andy has also worked in the FBI’s Counterterrorism Division, as an intelligence analyst and supervisor, and in the FBI’s training division and office of public affairs, as managing editor of the FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, a widely read criminal justice journal. He authored book reviews and journal articles, including features on street gangs and the impact of the Second World War on US law enforcement. While in the Counterterrorism Division Andy served in an international intelligence cell at NATO headquarters in Brussels. Mr. DiRosa has also represented the FBI at bilateral intelligence exchanges with Canada and the United Kingdom. (Views expressed are those of Mr. DiRosa and do not necessarily reflect the views of the FBI.)
Different Evolutionary Modifications as a Guide to Rewire Two-Component Systems
Authors: Krueger Beate , Friedrich Torben , Förster Frank , Bernhardt Jörg , Gross Roy , Dandekar Thomas 
Published: May 2012

Two-component systems (TCS) are short signalling pathways generally occurring in prokaryotes. They frequently regulate prokaryotic stimulus responses and thus are also of interest for engineering in biotechnology and synthetic biology. The aim of this study is to better understand and describe rewiring of TCS while investigating different evolutionary scenarios.Based on large-scale screens of TCS in different organisms, this study gives detailed data, concrete alignments, and structure analysis on three general modification scenarios, where TCS were rewired for new responses and functions: (i) exchanges in the sequence within single TCS domains, (ii) exchange of whole TCS domains; (iii) addition of new components modulating TCS function.As a result, the replacement of stimulus and promotor cassettes to rewire TCS is well defined exploiting the alignments given here. The diverged TCS examples are non-trivial and the design is challenging. Designed connector proteins may also be useful to modify TCS in selected cases.
Milnacipran Hydrochloride in the Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Safety, Efficacy and Tolerability
Authors: Smith Howard S. , Meek Patrick D. 
Published: May 2012

Fibromyalgia is a central sensitization disorder characterized by chronic widespread pain, nonrestorative sleep, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction as well as a number of somatic symptoms; that reduces physical/emotional function/quality of life. Treatment options include: Patients education, behavioral medicine strategies, (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy), physical medicine strategies (eg, exercise/aerobic and strength training), and pharmacologic agents. Currently there are three agents approved by the US Federal Drug Administration for the treatment of Fibromyalgia: pregabalin, duloxetine, and milnacipran. Milnacipran is a norepinephrine-serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is only approved in the US for fibromyalgia. It has 3-fold increased selectivity for norepinephrine compared to serotonin. Milnacipran is well absorbed (85% bioavailability), has a half-life of 6-8 hours, and does not undergo cytochrome P450 metabolism. Milnacipran in doses of 50 mg PO BID to 100 mg PO BID has been shown to have efficacy for fibromyalgia. The most common adverse effect is nausea.
Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidant Enzymes among Smokers and Nonsmokers
Authors: Masthan KMK , Saggu Tajinder Kaur , Dudanakar Mahesh Pundaleek , Nisa Shams UI 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Background
Cigarette smoke contains various oxygen-free radicals which are considered as the main causes of damage to biomolecules when exposed to cigarette smoke. Saliva is the first biological fluid that encounters inhaled cigarette smoke (CS) and has an antioxidant defense system able to counter toxic activities of free radical species. So, the aim of this study was to compare the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in saliva of smokers and nonsmokers.

Materials and methods
Unstimulated saliva of 200 males (100 smokers and 100 nonsmokers) was collected. The saliva was centrifuged and the activity of salivary superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was measured according to a specific assay.

Results
The mean value of superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the smoking group than in the nonsmoker group, while the levels of GSH-Px activity was significantly higher in the nonsmoking group than in the smoking group.

Conclusion
Cigarette smoke leads to an alteration in salivary antioxidant activity. Evaluating the variations in the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) in smoker's saliva might be useful for estimating the level of oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoke. Thus, it may help in patient's education regarding the ill-effects of smoking and determining the evolution and progress of various oral diseases.

How to cite this article
Saggu TK, Masthan KMK, Dudanakar MP, Nisa SUI, Patil S. Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidant Enzymes among Smokers and Nonsmokers. World J Dent 2012;3(1):18-21.
Evaluation of Electric Discharge Machining to achieve Passive Fit of Implant Superstructure: An in vitro Study
Authors: Shah Siddharth 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate marginal discrepancies between cast implant superstructure and EDM processed implant structure.

Materials and methods
For the purpose of this study, an experimental model was prepared on which nine cast implant superstructure in nickel-chromium were fabricated which was then subjected to EDM processing. One-screw test was used to verify fit of superstructure both pre- and post-EDM processing. Photo/Image analyzer was used to evaluate the marginal discrepancy. To reduce the error of measurement, nine readings were taken of each implant abutment junction, i.e. overall 324 readings pre- and post-EDM processing was made.

Results
All implant superstructure fabricated by investment casting procedure in nickel-chromium alloy showed negative one-screw test, i.e. they were fitting actively on abutment head and were sitting passively after EDM processing. Mean marginal opening of cast implant superstructure before EDM processing was 95.93 microns and 22.76 microns after EDM processing.

Conclusion
Nickel-chromium alloy can be used for fabrication of implant superstructure with EDM as programmed refining procedure to achieve passive fit.

How to cite this article
Shah S. Evaluation of Electric Discharge Machining to achieve Passive Fit of Implant Superstructure: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2012;3(1): 32-36.
Dentin Hypersensitivity—Etiology, Treatment Possibilities and Other Related Factors: A Literature Review
Authors: Barcellos Daphne Câmara , Borges Alessandra Buhler , Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Marsilio Ana Lucia , Carvalho Cláudio Antonio Talge 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTDentinal hypersensitivity is a common painful condition of the teeth, associated with the exposure of the dentin to external environment of the mouth. However, little is known about the etiology and predisposing factors, which can compromise management. The aim of this paper is to summarize existing information about epidemiology, mechanisms, etiology, differential diagnosis and treatment.Clinical relevanceA better understanding of the etiology and factors involved in dentin hypersensitivity will help the management of the hypersensitivity teeth.How to cite this articleBorges AB, Barcellos DC, Torres CRG, Borges ALS, Marsilio AL, Carvalho CAT. Dentin Hypersensitivity— Etiology, Treatment Possibilities and Other Related Factors: A Literature Review. World J Dent 2012;3(1):60-67.
Issues in Professional Judgment: Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Client with Prosthetic Joint
Authors: Pickett Frieda A 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Issues related to clinical decision-making regarding prescribing antibiotic prophylaxis prior to oral procedures for the client with a prosthetic joint are discussed.

Method
PubMed and relevant professional guidelines were searched for research and for evidence-based guidelines.

Outcome
There is a need for evidence-based guidelines developed by stakeholders including the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, the American Dental Association and the Infectious Disease Society. There is an absence of level 1 evidence for or against the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with prosthetic joints undergoing invasive dental treatment. Therefore, until the professional organizations provide evidence-based guidance, professional judgment must depend on the client history following joint replacement and the state of the host immune response.

How to cite this article
Pickett FA. Issues in Professional Judgment: Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Client with Prosthetic Joint. World J Dent 2012;3(1):74-76.
Complete Denture Fabrication for Old Denture Wearer in One Day
Authors: Murthy S Srinivasa , Prabhu M Bharath , Hegde Mayur , Murthy Gargi S 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTComplete dentures fabrication conventionally requires 4 to 5 visits to the clinic. It will be sometimes very demanding for aged patients and also for the dentist. Here, in this article, technique of complete denture construction in one day for an old denture wearer is described. Wherein the old denture is used as special tray and also as record base. Secondary impression with border moulding and jaw relation is completed in one visit with old dentures. Teeth arrangement try-in is not given and finished in one day.How to cite this articleMurthy SS, Prabhu MB, Hegde M, Murthy GS. Complete Denture Fabrication for Old Denture Wearer in One Day. World J Dent 2012;3(1):112-114.
Functional Impression for Hemimandibulectomy Cases: An Alternative Technique
Authors: Rao Srinivas , Akki Savita F 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
The altered cast impression technique is preferred to derive maximum support from the residual ridge in the distal extension partial denture hemimandibulectomy cases. The traditional method is designed primarily for making a secondary impression of the ridge in the functional form to correct a master cast. These functional impression techniques are time-consuming and involve multiple steps.
This article describes a new clinical and laboratory technique in impression making. Emphasis is placed on recording the anatomical form of teeth and functional form of the residual ridge in an individual tray using two different impression materials eliminating secondary impression.
Reattachment of Fractured Anterior Tooth: A 2-Year Review of a Case
Authors: Mojirade Ajayi Deborah , Funmilayo Abiodun-Solanke IM , Olaide Gbadebo Shakeerah 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Injury to anterior teeth is a relatively common occurrence. Dentists are confronted on regular basis with dental trauma and the management. Some clinical studies have reported reattachment of fractured tooth segment using adhesive resin cement and dentine bonding agent with or without intraradicular postplacement. Reattachment of tooth fragment is simple and can provide good functional and esthetic success.

Case description
This article reports the reattachment of a fractured anterior tooth in a 17-year-old male patient with adhesive resin and a prefabricated metallic post.

Result
Evaluation at 2 years revealed good reattachment, intact post, good esthetics (even after a repeat reattachment) and good periodontal health.
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Variability in Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Carriers
Authors: Barboni Piero , Savini Giacomo , Feuer William J. , Budenz Donald L. , Carbonelli Michele , Chicani Filipe , Ramos Carolina Do V.F. , Salomao Solange R. , De Negri Annamaria , Parisi Vincenzo , Carelli Valerio , Sadun Alfredo A. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose. Recent investigations suggested that unaffected carriers of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) may show subclinical visual alterations. Structural changes have also been detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT), which revealed a temporal thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). These changes may reflect compensatory effects such as mitochondria accumulation within the RNFL axons. This study aimed to investigate whether the RNFL of LHON carriers shows greater than expected thickness variations, which may reflect transient subclinical changes, over the course of years. Methods. Using Stratus OCT, the RNFL thickness was measured yearly from 2005 to 2008 in 24 Brazilian LHON carriers, all with homoplasmic 11778/ND4 mtDNA mutation. An Italian sample of 20 healthy subjects served as a control. Data were compared also to a previously published sample (n=59) of glaucomatous eyes. Results. The LHON carriers showed test-retest standard deviations that were larger than normal controls in the temporal (p=0.004), superior (p<0.0001), and inferior quadrants (p=0.019). Compared to the glaucoma cases, no statistical differences were observed. Conclusions. The RNFL thickness in LHON carriers, when measured at different time points, has higher variability than in normal subjects. Transitory RNFL swelling may be caused either by compensatory mechanisms (increased mitochondrial biogenesis) or by axonal stasis preceding decompensation of retinal ganglion cells. In both situations, these changes may represent the origin of the visual alterations previously detected in LHON carriers. Alternatively, increased variability of RNFL thickness may be influenced by the LHON microangiopathy, as retinal blood vessels contribute to the OCT RNFL thickness measurements.