bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventricular Arrhythmias After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for STEMI
Authors: Rymer Jennifer A. , Wegermann Zachary K. , Wang Tracy Y. , Li Shuang , Smilowitz Nathaniel R. , Wilson B. Hadley , Jneid Hani , Tamis-Holland Jacqueline E. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceCurrently, mortality risk for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with an uncomplicated postprocedure course is low. Less is known regarding the risk of in-hospital ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF).ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of late VT and VF after primary PCI for STEMI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included adults aged 18 years or older with STEMI treated with primary PCI between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, identified in the US National Cardiovascular Data Registry Chest Pain–MI Registry. Data were analyzed from April to December 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of late VT (≥7 beat run of VT during STEMI hospitalization ≥1 day after PCI) or VF (any episode of VF≥1 day after PCI) associated with cardiac arrest and associations between late VT or VF and in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort and a cohort with uncomplicated STEMI without prior myocardial infarction or heart failure, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, reinfarction, or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%.ResultsA total of 174 126 eligible patients with STEMI were treated with primary PCI at 814 sites in the study; 15 460 (8.9%) had VT or VF after primary PCI, and 4156 (2.4%) had late VT or VF. Among the eligible patients, 99 905 (57.4%) at 807 sites had uncomplicated STEMI. The median age for patients with late VT or VF overall was 63 years (IQR, 55-73 years), and 75.5% were men; the median age for patients with late VT or VF with uncomplicated STEMI was 60 years (IQR, 53-69 years), and 77.7% were men. The median length of stay was 3 days (IQR, 2-7 days) for the overall cohort with late VT or VF and 3 days (IQR, 2-4 days) for the cohort with uncomplicated STEMI with late VT or VF. The risk of late VT or VF was 2.4% (overall) and 1.7% (uncomplicated STEMI). Late VT or VF with cardiac arrest occurred in 674 patients overall (0.4%) and in 117 with uncomplicated STEMI (0.1%). LVEF was the most significant factor associated with late VT or VF with cardiac arrest (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for every 5-unit decrease ≤40%: 1.67; 95% CI, 1.54-1.85). Late VT or VF events were associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort (AOR, 6.40; 95% CI, 5.63-7.29) and the cohort with uncomplicated STEMI (AOR, 8.74; 95% CI, 6.53-11.70).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, a small proportion of patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI had late VT or VF. However, late VT or VF with cardiac arrest was rare, particularly in the cohort with uncomplicated STEMI. This information may be useful when determining the optimal timing for hospital discharge after STEMI.
Significant Enhancement of Electrocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Polycrystalline Ceramics Through Grain Boundary Barrier Engineering
Authors: Xiao Wenrong , Zhang Chao , Gong Xuetian , Qiu Shiyong , Wang Junya , Zhang Haibo , Luo Wei , Jiang Shenglin , Li Kanghua , Zhang Guangzu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA key challenge currently for the new ferroelectric refrigeration with high efficiency and environmental friendliness lies in the urgent demand for ferroelectric materials with huge electrocaloric effects (ECE). Ferroelectric polycrystalline ceramics with high ECE stand out as one of the most promising candidates for electrocaloric cooling applications. However, the grain boundary network, as a barrier for the cross‐transmission of charged carriers, widely exists in electrocaloric polycrystalline ceramics and is often neglected in favor of focusing more on composition regulation and structural design. Herein, a grain boundary barrier engineering is proposed that regulates the Schottky barrier at the grain boundary network in the Ba0.8Zr0.2TiO3 ceramics by a maneuverable annealing process and clarifies its critical role in enhancing the ECE of polycrystalline ceramics. As a result, a substantial enhancement of the EC performance (from 0.68 to 1.63 K at 50 °C and 80 kV cm−1, ≈2.4 times) has been achieved in the annealed Ba0.8Zr0.2TiO3 ceramics with a lower Schottky barrier. The microstructural and electrical characterization reveals that the lower Schottky barrier in the grain boundary network facilitates the domain switching and electronic transition, hence resulting in enhanced polarization response and EC performance.
A Vacancy‐Engineering Ferroelectric Nanomedicine for Cuproptosis/Apoptosis Co‐Activated Immunotherapy
Authors: Du Yaqian , Zhao Xudong , He Fei , Gong Haijiang , Yang Jiani , Wu Linzhi , Cui Xianchang , Gai Shili , Yang Piaoping , Lin Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLow efficacy of immunotherapy due to the poor immunogenicity of most tumors and their insufficient infiltration by immune cells highlights the importance of inducing immunogenic cell death and activating immune system for achieving better treatment outcomes. Herein, ferroelectric Bi2CuO4 nanoparticles with rich copper vacancies (named BCO‐VCu) are rationally designed and engineered for ferroelectricity‐enhanced apoptosis, cuproptosis, and the subsequently evoked immunotherapy. In this structure, the suppressed recombination of the electron–hole pairs by the vacancies and the band bending by the ferroelectric polarization lead to high catalytic activity, triggering reactive oxygen species bursts and inducing apoptosis. The cell fragments produced by apoptosis serve as antigens to activate T cells. Moreover, due to the generated charge by the ferroelectric catalysis, this nanomedicine can act as “a smart switch” to open the cell membrane, promote nanomaterial endocytosis, and shut down the Cu+ outflow pathway to evoke cuproptosis, and thus a strong immune response is triggered by the reduced content of adenosine triphosphate. Ribonucleic acid transcription tests reveal the pathways related to immune response activation. Thus, this study firstly demonstrates a feasible strategy for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy using single ferroelectric semiconductor‐induced apoptosis and cuproptosis.
Assembly of π‐Conjugated [B3O6] Units by Mer‐Isomer [YO3F3] Octahedra to Design a UV Nonlinear Optical Material, Cs2YB3O6F2
Authors: Wu Hongping , Wei Zhijun , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng , Yu Hongwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAchieving the extreme balance of the key performance requirements is the crucial to breakthrough the application bottleneck for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Herein, by assembly of the π‐conjugated [B3O6] functional species with the aid of structure‐directing property of mer‐isomer [YO3F3] octahedra, a new ultraviolet (UV) NLO material, Cs2YB3O6F2 with aligned arrangement of coplanar [B3O6] groups has been synthesized. The polar material exhibits the rare coexistence of the largest second harmonic generation response of 5.6×KDP, the largest birefringence of 0.091 at 532 nm, the shortest Type I phase‐matching down to 200.5 nm and deep‐ultraviolet transparency among reported acentric rare‐earth borates with [B3O6] groups. Remarkably, benefiting from the enhanced bonding force among functional units [B3O6], a firm three‐dimensional framework is constructed, which facilitates the growth of large crystals. This can be proved by a block shape crystal with dimensional of 6×5×4 mm3, indicating that it was a promising UV NLO crystal. This work provides a powerful strategy to design UV NLO materials with good performances.
Phase Engineering of High‐Entropy Alloy for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Rong , Zhang Yaqin , Xiao Bo , Zhang Shaoce , Wang Yanbo , Cui Huilin , Li Chuan , Hou Yue , Guo Ying , Yang Tao , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDirectly electrochemical conversion of nitrate (NO3−) is an efficient and environmentally friendly technology for ammonia (NH3) production but is challenged by highly selective electrocatalysts. High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) with unique properties are attractive materials in catalysis, particularly for multi‐step reactions. Herein, we first reported the application of HEA (FeCoNiAlTi) for electrocatalytic NO3− reduction to NH3 (NRA). The bulk HEA is active for NRA but limited by the unsatisfied NH3 yield of 0.36 mg h−1 cm−2 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 82.66 %. Through an effective phase engineering strategy, uniform intermetallic nanoparticles are introduced on the bulk HEA to increase electrochemical active surface area and charge transfer efficiency. The resulting nanostructured HEA (n‐HEA) delivers enhanced electrochemical NRA performance in terms of NH3 yield (0.52 mg h−1 cm−2) and FE (95.23 %). Further experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the multi‐active sites (Fe, Co, and Ni) dominated electrocatalysis for NRA over the n‐HEA. Notably, the typical Co sites exhibit the lowest energy barrier for NRA with *NH2 to *NH3as the rate‐determining step.
Interlayer Structure Manipulation of FeOCl/MXene with Soft/Hard Interface Design for Safe Water Production Using Dechlorination Battery Deionization
Authors: Lei Jingjing , Zhang Xiaochen , Wang Junce , Yu Fei , Liang Mingxing , Wang Xinru , Bi Zhuanfang , Shang Guangyi , Xie Haijiao , Ma Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSuffering from the susceptibility to decomposition, the potential electrochemical application of FeOCl has greatly been hindered. The rational design of the soft‐hard material interface can effectively address the challenge of stress concentration and thus decomposition that may occur in the electrodes during charging and discharging. Herein, interlayer structure manipulation of FeOCl/MXene using soft‐hard interface design method were conducted for electrochemical dechlorination. FeOCl was encapsulated in Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets by electrostatic self‐assembly layer by layer to form a soft‐hard mechanical hierarchical structure, in which Ti3C2Tx was used as flexible buffer layers to relieve the huge volume change of FeOCl during Cl− intercalation/deintercalation and constructed a conductive network for fast charge transfer. The CDI dechlorination system of FeOCl/Ti3C2Tx delivered outstanding Cl− adsorption capacity (158.47 ± 6.98 mg g−1), rate (6.07 ± 0.35 mg g−1 min−1), and stability (over 94.49 % in 30 cycles), and achieved considerable energy recovery (21.14 ± 0.25 %). The superior dechlorination performance was proved to originate from the Fe2+/Fe3+ topochemical transformation and the deformation constraint effect of Ti3C2Tx on FeOCl. Our interfacial design strategy enables a hard‐to‐soft integration capacity, which can serve as a universal technology for solving the traditional problem of electrode volume expansion.
Converting Carbon Dioxide into Carbon Nanotubes by Reacting with Ethane
Authors: Yuan Yong , Huang Erwei , Hwang Sooyeon , Liu Ping , Chen Jingguang G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe urgency to mitigate environmental impacts from anthropogenic CO2 emissions has propelled extensive research efforts on CO2 reduction. The current work reports a novel approach involving transforming CO2 and ethane into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using earth‐abundant metals (Fe, Co, Ni) at 750 °C. This route facilitates long‐term carbon storage via generating high‐value CNTs and produces valuable syngas with adjustable H2/CO ratios as byproducts. Without CO2, direct pyrolysis of ethane undergoes rapid deactivation. The participation of CO2 not only enhances the durability of the catalyst, but also contributes about 30 % of the CNTs production, presenting a viable solution to CO2 challenges. The CNT morphology depends on the catalyst used. Co‐ and Ni‐based catalysts produce CNT with a 20 nm diameter and micrometer length, whereas Fe‐based catalysts yield bamboo‐like structures. This work represents a pioneering effort in utilizing CO2 and ethane for CNT production with potential environmental and economic benefits.
Intrarenal pH‐Responsive Self‐Assembly of Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles for Diagnosis of Early Kidney Injury
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , He Kui , Liu Ben , Nie Wenyan , Luo Xiaoxi , Liu Jinbin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMetabolic acidosis‐induced kidney injury (MAKI) is asymptomatic and lack of clinical biomarkers in early stage, but rapidly progresses to severe renal fibrosis and ultimately results in end‐stage kidney failure. Therefore, developing rapid and noninvasive strategies direct responsive to renal tubular acidic microenvironment rather than delayed biomarkers are essential for timely renoprotective interventions. Herein, we develop pH‐responsive luminescent gold nanoparticles (p‐AuNPs) in the second near‐infrared emission co‐coated with 2,3‐dimethylaleic anhydride conjugated β‐mercaptoethylamine and cationic 2‐diethylaminoethanethiol hydrochloride, which showed sensitive pH‐induced charge reversal and intrarenal self‐assembly for highly sensitive and long‐time (~24 h) imaging of different stages of MAKI. By integrating advantages of pH‐induced intrarenal self‐assembly and enhanced interactions between pH‐triggered positively charged p‐AuNPs and renal tubular cells, the early‐ and late‐stage MAKI could be differentiated rapidly within 10 min post‐injection (p.i.) with contrast index (CI) of 3.5 and 4.3, respectively. The corresponding maximum CI could reach 5.1 and 9.2 at 12 h p.i., respectively. Furthermore, p‐AuNPs were demonstrated to effectively real‐time monitor progressive recovery of kidney injury in MAKI mice after therapy, and also exhibit outstanding capabilities for drug screening. This pH‐responsive strategy showed great promise for feedback on kidney dysfunction progression, opening new possibilities for early‐stage diagnosis of pH‐related diseases.
Microbial and insect oils: A sustainable approach to functional lipid
Authors: Aondoakaa Ityotagher P. , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increasing global population, coupled with the effects of climate change on agricultural activities has spurred a demand for sustainable food production to meet human needs. In response to this, there has been a growing interest in sustainable food production initiatives. One of such initiatives is harnessing microbial and insect lipids as valuable ingredients to address increase in demand for lipids across various sectors, including functional food, nutritional supplements, and biodiesel production. Over the last decades, there has been increasing scientific investigations exploring lipid from algae, microbes, and insects as alternatives to traditional agro‐ and marine‐based sources. This review, therefore, presents progress made in microbial and insect oils production, with emphasis on sustainability. Emerging extraction techniques, regulatory and safety requirements, and challenges that exist in the production and utilization of these new lipids are also discussed. The review shows that lipids from a wide range of oleaginous microorganisms and insect species have the potential to serve as a valuable ingredient for healthful food preparation. However, challenges such as cultural acceptance, lack of standardized regulations, high cost, and low yield associated with most emerging environmentally friendly extraction technologies continue to hinder widespread use or adoption of microbial and insect lipids on a global scale. These challenges call for innovations to reduce cost of production and improve lipids yield. So far, a substantial progress has been made in the utilization of readily available feedstocks such as industrial food wastes and sugar‐rich industrial wastewater to grow insects and microorganisms which will significantly reduce the processing costs.
Development and in vitro antiviral activity of ivermectin liposomes as a potential drug carrier system
Authors: Kocas Meryem , Comoglu Tansel , Ozkul Aykut 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess and compare diverse formulations of ivermectin‐loaded liposomes, employing lipid film hydration and ethanol injection methods. Three lipids (DOPC, SPC, and DSPC) were used in predetermined molar ratios. A total of 18 formulations were created, and a factorial design determined the optimal formulation based on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The average mean particle size, PDI and zeta potential of the selected formulations (F1, F2, F7, F9, and F11) was, respectively, 196.40 ± 44.60 nm, 0.39 ± 0.09, and −40.24 ± 9.17. The encapsulation efficiency exceeded 80%, with a mean loading capacity of 4.00 ± 1.70%. In vitro studies included transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, drug release, and antiviral activity assessments against SARS‐CoV‐2. The liposomal formulations demonstrated superior antiviral activity compared to free ivermectin, as indicated by lower IC50 values. The results of this study emphasize the effectiveness of ivermectin‐loaded liposomes in inhibiting viral activity, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for antiviral therapy. The findings suggest that the strategic use of liposomes as drug carriers can significantly modulate and improve the antiviral properties of ivermectin, offering a novel approach to harnessing its full therapeutic potential. Collectively, these results provide a robust foundation for further exploration of ivermectin as a viral protection tool and optimization of its delivery mechanisms.
The Complete Assessment of Small Molecule and Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of Sortase A Towards Antivirulence Treatment
Authors: Hintzen Jordi C. J. , Abujubara Helal , Tietze Daniel , Tietze Alesia A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis review covers the most recent advances in the development of inhibitors for the bacterial enzyme sortase A (SrtA). Sortase A (SrtA) is a critical virulence factor, present ubiquitously in Gram‐positive bacteria of which many are pathogenic. Sortases are key enzymes regulating bacterial adherence to host cells, by anchoring extracellular matrix‐binding proteins to the bacterial outer cell wall. By targeting virulence factors, effective treatment can be achieved, without inducing antibiotic resistance to the treatment. This is a potentially more sustainable, long‐term approach to treating bacterial infections, including ones that display multiple resistance to current therapeutics. There are many promising approaches available for SrtA inhibition, some of which have the potential to advance into further clinical development, with peptidomimetic and in vivo active small molecules being among the most promising. There are currently no approved drugs on the market targeting SrtA, despite its promise, adding to the relevance of this review article, as it extends to the pharmaceutical industry additionally to academic researchers.
Lower time bounds for parallel solving of the subset sum problem by a dynamic programming algorithm
Authors: Kolpakov Roman , Posypkin Mikhail 
Published: May 2024

SummaryIn the paper, we compute some lower bounds on time of parallel solving of the subset sum problem on a big number of processors by several versions of dynamic programming algorithm Balsub proposed before by Pisinger. Based on these lower bounds, we propose a version of Balsub which could be possibly effectively parallelized.
Simple, fast, cost‐efficient, reliable, and highly automated DNA content analysis of cells in adherent cultures
Authors: Čížková Jana , Filipová Alžběta , Carrillo Anna , Ehrlichová Marie , Spálenková Alžběta , Magdolenová Alžbeta , Hájek Miroslav , Horák Pavel , Erbenova Aneta , Šinkorová Zuzana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe most commonly used flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of cellular DNA content relies on ethanol fixation followed by RNA digestion and propidium iodide (PI) intercalation into double‐stranded DNA. This is a laborious and time‐consuming procedure that is subject to systematic errors due to centrifugation and washing steps associated with sample preparation. It can adversely affect the reliability of the results. Here, we present a modified concept of DNA quantification in adherent cell lines by FCM that involves neither ethanol fixation nor any washing and cell transferring steps. Our high throughput assay of adherent cell lines reduces sample‐processing time, requires minimal workload, provides a possibility for automation, and, if needed, also allows a significant reduction in the size of individual samples. Working with a well‐proven commercial tool—The BD Cycletest™ Plus DNA Reagent Kit—primarily designed for cell cycle analysis and aneuploidy determination in experimental and clinical samples, we suggest a novel, very efficient, and robust approach for DNA research in adherent cell cultures.
Vocal expression of emotions discriminates dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kobayashi Masatomo , Yamada Yasunori , Shinkawa Kaoru , Nemoto Miyuki , Ota Miho , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Arai Tetsuaki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the two most common neurodegenerative dementias, both exhibit altered emotional processing. However, how vocal emotional expressions alter in and differ between DLB and AD remains uninvestigated. We collected voice data during story reading from 152 older adults comprising DLB, AD, and cognitively unimpaired (CU) groups and compared their emotional prosody in terms of valence and arousal dimensions. Compared with matched AD and CU participants, DLB patients showed reduced overall emotional expressiveness, as well as lower valence (more negative) and lower arousal (calmer), the extent of which was associated with cognitive impairment and insular atrophy. Classification models using vocal features discriminated DLB from AD and CU with an AUC of 0.83 and 0.78, respectively. Our findings may aid in discriminating DLB patients from AD and CU individuals, serving as a surrogate marker for clinical and neuropathological changes in DLB.Highlights
DLB showed distinctive reduction in vocal expression of emotions.
Cognitive impairment was associated with reduced vocal emotional expression in DLB.
Insular atrophy was associated with reduced vocal emotional expression in DLB.
Emotional expression measures successfully differentiated DLB from AD or controls.