bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sink and swim: kinematic evidence for lifting-body mechanisms in negatively buoyant electric rays Narcine brasiliensis
Authors: Rosenblum Hannah G. , Long John H. , Porter Marianne E. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
Unlike most batoid fishes, electric rays neither oscillate nor undulate their body disc to generate thrust. Instead they use body–caudal–fin (BCF) locomotion. In addition, these negatively buoyant rays perform unpowered glides as they sink in the water column. In combination, BCF swimming and unpowered gliding are opposite ends on a spectrum of swimming, and electric rays provide an appropriate study system for understanding how the performance of each mode is controlled hydrodynamically. We predicted that the dorso-ventrally flattened body disc generates lift during both BCF swimming and gliding. To test this prediction, we examined 10 neonate lesser electric rays, Narcine brasiliensis, as they swam and glided. From video, we tracked the motion of the body, disc, pelvic fins and tail. By correlating changes in the motions of those structures with swimming performance, we have kinematic evidence that supports the hypothesis that the body disc is generating lift. Most importantly, both the pitch of the body disc and the tail, along with undulatory frequency, interact to control horizontal swimming speed and Strouhal number during BCF swimming. During gliding, the pitch of the body disc and the tail also interact to control the speed on the glide path and the glide angle.
Vector-based and landmark-guided navigation in desert ants inhabiting landmark-free and landmark-rich environments
Authors: Bühlmann Cornelia , Cheng Ken , Wehner Rüdiger 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARY
Two species of desert ants – the North African Cataglyphis fortis and the central Australian Melophorus bagoti – differ markedly in the visual complexity of their natural habitats: featureless salt pans and cluttered, steppe-like terrain, respectively. Here we ask whether the two species differ in their navigational repertoires, in particular, whether in homing they place different emphasis on their vector-based and landmark-based routines. In trying to answer this question, we applied the same experimental paradigms to individual foragers of either species on either continent: training and/or testing with and/or without artificial landmark arrays. We found that the open-terrain species C. fortis runs off its (path integration) home vector much more readily even in unfamiliar landmark settings than the cluttered-terrain species M. bagoti. These data support the hypothesis that C. fortis has a higher propensity to rely on vector-mediated navigation, whereas in the same experimental situations M. bagoti more easily switches to landmark-guided behaviour. In the actual navigational performances, such species-specific propensities are most likely shaped by environment-dependent individual experiences.
Sheep rumen and omasum primary cultures and source epithelia: barrier function aligns with expression of tight junction proteins
Authors: Stumpff Friederike , Georgi Maria-Ifigenia , Mundhenk Lars , Rabbani Imtiaz , Fromm Michael , Martens Holger , Günzel Dorothee 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe forestomachs of cows and sheep have historically served as important models for the study of epithelial transport. Thus, the ruminal epithelium was among the first tissues in which absorption of chloride against an electrochemical gradient was observed, requiring a tight paracellular barrier to prevent back-leakage. However, little is known about ruminal barrier function, despite the considerable implications for ruminant health. The tight junction proteins of the omasum have never been investigated, and no cell culture model exists. We present a new method for the isolation of cells from forestomach epithelia. Protein expression of cells and source tissues of sheep were studied using western blot, PCR and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cultured cells were characterized by transepithelial resistance (TER) measurements and patch clamping. Cells developed TER values of 729±134 Ω cm2 (rumen) and 1522±126 Ω cm2 (omasum). Both primary cells and source epithelia of rumen and omasum expressed cytokeratin, occludin and claudins 1, 4 and 7 (but not claudins 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10), consistent with the observed paracellular sealing properties. Staining for claudin-1 reached the stratum basale. The full mRNA coding sequence of claudins 1, 4 and 7 (sheep) was obtained. Patch-clamp analyses of isolated cells proved expression of an anion conductance with a permeability sequence of gluconate&lt;acetate&lt;chloride. This is in accordance with a model that ruminal and omasal transport of anions such as chloride and acetate has to occur via a transcellular route and involves channel-mediated basolateral efflux, driven by Na+/K+-ATPase.
Aqueous curium(III) phosphate species characterized by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Moll H. , Brendler V. , Bernhard Gert 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe formation of aqueous Cm(III) phosphate complexes was studied at room temperature by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) in 0.1 M NaClO4solutions. The experiments were perfomed at a fixed total Cm(III) concentration of 3 × 107or 2 × 108 M by varying the phosphoric acid concentration (3 × 105–0.1 M) and the pH (1.4–6.0). The red shift of the excitation and emission spectra, as well as the increase of luminescence lifetimes clearly showed the influence of phosphate on the aqueous Cm(III) speciation. In acidic phosphate solutions ([H3PO4] ≤0.1 M, pH 1.4–2.6) an increase in luminescence intensity was detected due to complexation with H2PO4−. At [H3PO4] ≥4 × 104 M and between pH 4.0 and 6.0 in general a decrease in luminescence intensity affiliates the complexation with HPO42−. Two Cm(III)-phosphate complexes could be identified from the emission data, CmH2PO42+and CmHPO4+, having peak maxima at 599.6 and 600.8 nm, respectively. TRLFS in combination with ultra-filtration (1 kD) showed that the formation of CmHPO4+is accompanied by the generation of Cm(III)-phosphate colloids especially at [H3PO4] ≥0.002 M and pH ≥ 5. Cm(III)-phosphate colloids formed at pH 5 and 6 are characterized by an emission maximum at 603.1 nm. Based on the factor analysis of the emission data the stability constants of the two complexes were calculated to be logβ121= 20.23 ± 0.13 and logβ111= 16.54 ± 0.80 at an ionic strength of 0.1 M (NaClO4).
Targeted Intervention to Improve Monitoring of Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain and Metabolic Disturbance in First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Thompson Andrew , Hetrick Sarah E. , Álvarez-Jiménez Mario , Parker Alexandra G. , Willet Michaela , Hughes Frank , Gariup Maria , Gomez David Lopez , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: August 2011

Objective: International guidelines recommend monitoring for weight gain and metabolic disturbance in patients prescribed second generation antipsychotics. We aimed to investigate whether a targeted intervention could improve levels of monitoring in a first episode psychosis clinic. Method: A pre-intervention audit of both metabolic screening rates and specific monitoring of weight and metabolic indices following the initiation of antipsychotic medication was performed in our first episode psychosis clinic. This was repeated 18 months later, following an intervention that included a number of targeted improvement strategies based on an analysis of barriers and enablers to performing monitoring within the clinic. The intervention included provision of monitoring equipment, interactive educational events, reminders and prompts and embedding processes for monitoring within team structure. Results: There were significant improvements in both the screening of metabolic indices and the monitoring of indices following initiation of antipsychotic medications. There were also improvements in the number of active interventions offered to clients by clinicians. However, the level of guideline concordant monitoring remains low within our service. Conclusions: A comprehensive programme of implementation strategies can improve both screening and monitoring of the metabolic side-effects of antipsychotic medications. Further focused strategies are necessary to continue to improve monitoring to guideline concordant levels.
16-Gy Low-Voltage X-ray Irradiation With Ranibizumab Therapy for AMD: 6-Month Safety and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Canton Virgilio Morales , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo , Velez-Montoya Raul , Lopez-Miranda Miriam J. , Moshfeghi Andrew A. , Shusterman Eugene M. , Kaiser Peter K. , Sanislo Steven R. , Gertner Michael , Moshfeghi Darius M. 
Published: August 2011

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe the 6-month safety and preliminary efficacy outcomes of the use of 16-Gy radiation with intravitreal ranibizumab for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A single treatment of a non-invasive, externally delivered low-voltage 16-Gy x-ray irradiation was administered in one session through three locations in the inferior pars plana. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity (VA) examinations were performed at 1 week, 1 month, and monthly thereafter, with quarterly fluorescein angiography (FA). After the two initial ranibizumab injections, subsequent injections were administered according to the following criteria: VA decline of 10 ETDRS letters compared with baseline, increase of 100-μm central foveal thickness on OCT compared with baseline, the development of new submacular hemorrhage, and the development of a new area of classic choroidal neovascularization on FA.

RESULTS:
Twenty-six patients completed a 6-month follow-up. There was no evidence of radiation retinopathy, optic neuropathy, or cataract. The mean baseline ETDRS score was 46.6 letters (range: 5 to 80; standard deviation [SD]: 21.5). At 6 months, the corresponding ETDRS score was 55.6 letters (range: 25 to 80; SD: 18.9) and the mean change in VA was 9.5 ETDRS letters (SD: 10.3). On responder analysis, 96% lost 15 or fewer ETDRS letters, 81% gained 0 or more ETDRS letters, and 50% gained 15 or more ETDRS letters. Patients received a total of 13 ranibizumab injections following two initial injections. At 6 months, patients received an average of 0.5 additional injections following the initial two mandated injections.

CONCLUSION:
A single treatment of externally applied, non-invasive 16-Gy low-voltage x-ray therapy in conjunction with ranibizumab demonstrated an overall improvement of VA in patients with neovascular AMD at 6 months with no radiation-related adverse effects.
Analysis of Free Text with Omaha System Targets in Community-Based Care to Inform Practice and Terminology Development
Authors: Farri O. , Monsen K.A. , Westra B.L. , Melton G.B. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe Omaha system is one of the most widely used interface terminologies for documentation of community-based care. It is influential in disseminating evidence-based practice and generating data for health care quality research. Thus, it is imperative to ensure that the Omaha system reflects current health care knowledge and practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate free text associated with Omaha system terms to inform issues with electronic health record system use and future Omaha system standard development. Two years of client records from two diverse sites (a skilled homecare, hospice, and palliative care program and a maternal child health home visiting program) were analyzed for the use of free text as a component of the intervention when structured targets for interventions were not identified. Intervention text entries very commonly contained duplicate “carry forward entries”, multiple concepts, mismatched problem focus, or failure to identify an existing appropriate target. Our findings support the need to better address education gaps for clinicians. We identified additional suggested targets for Omaha system problems, and propose new targets for consideration in future Omaha system revisions.
Highly Active Metal‐Free Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds
Authors: Sumerin Victor , Chernichenko Konstantin , Nieger Martin , Leskelä Markku , Rieger Bernhard , Repo Timo 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNew highly active ansa‐ammonium borate catalysts for the direct metal‐free hydrogenation of imines were prepared by tuning of the basicity and steric bulkiness of their amine moieties. The highest catalytic activity among previously reported organocatalytic systems was shown for a wide range of nitrogen‐containing substrates. The first example of asymmetric imine hydrogenation based on the ansa‐ammonium borate concept was demonstrated. Furthermore, effective catalyst recovery by extraction of the acidic solution with an organic solvent followed by dehydration with TMSBr was elaborated. The initial findings highlight the development of more effective chiral ansa‐ammonium borates for enantioselective hydrogenation. Therefore, the progress achieved in the ansa‐ammonium borate concept makes it very promising for further elaboration with the aim to obtain industrially applicable catalysts.
Manganese(III)‐Promoted Tandem Oxidation and Cyclization of β‐Keto Ester Derivatives of Terpenoids
Authors: Li Zhilong , Jung Heejung , Park Mira , Lah Myoung Soo , Koo Sangho 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA new type of terpenoid cyclization directed by a β‐keto ester moiety has been developed, which proceeded by manganese(III)‐initiated oxidation of the β‐keto ester, followed by an intramolecular hetero Diels–Alder reaction with the terpenoid chain. This reaction produces polycyclic dihydropyrans in high yields and stereoselectivities under mild conditions.
Catalyst‐Controlled Diastereoselection in the Hydrogenation of Heterocycloalkyl Ketones
Authors: Akashi Masaya , Arai Noriyoshi , Inoue Tsutomu , Ohkuma Takeshi 
Published: August 2011

Abstractα‐Substituted chiral ketones that have small steric and electronic differences around the reaction sites are difficult substrates to reduce with high diastereoselectivity. Metal hydride reduction of 2‐(4‐benzoylmorpholinyl) phenyl ketone and 3‐(1‐tert‐butoxycarbonylpiperidinyl) phenyl ketone using sodium borohydride, zinc borohydride, and potassium tri‐sec‐butylborohydride as reducing agents affords the syn‐ and anti‐alcohols in a lower than 80:20 ratio. Hydrogenation of these ketones with a catalyst system of RuCl2(BIPHEP)(DMEN) and potassium tert‐butoxide in 2‐propanol results in the syn‐alcohols with ≥ 99:1 selectivity [BIPHEP=2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenyl, DMEN=N,N‐dimethylethylenediamine]. The marked difference in the diastereoselectivity suggests that the stereoselection in this hydrogenation is primarily regulated by the structure of the catalyst’s reaction field (“catalyst‐controlled diastereoselection”) but not the internal stereocontrol of the substrates. This chemistry is applied to the asymmetric hydrogenation through dynamic kinetic resolution with a RuCl2[(S)‐BINAP][(R)‐DMAPEN]/potassium tert‐butoxide catalyst [BINAP=2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, DMAPEN=2‐dimethylamino‐1‐phenylethylamine]. A series of aryl heterocycloalkyl ketones has been converted to the alcohols in excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. The modes of catalyst‐controlled diastereoselection and enantioselection are interpreted by using transition‐state molecular models. (S,S)‐Reboxetine, a selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor, was synthesized from one of product alcohols.
Graphene–Cellulose Paper Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Weng Zhe , Su Yang , Wang Da‐Wei , Li Feng , Du Jinhong , Cheng Hui‐Ming 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA simple and scalable method to fabricate graphene‐cellulose paper (GCP) membranes is reported; these membranes exhibit great advantages as freestanding and binder‐free electrodes for flexible supercapacitors. The GCP electrode consists of a unique three‐dimensional interwoven structure of graphene nanosheets and cellulose fibers and has excellent mechanical flexibility, good specific capacitance and power performance, and excellent cyclic stability. The electrical conductivity of the GCP membrane shows high stability with a decrease of only 6% after being bent 1000 times. This flexible GCP electrode has a high capacitance per geometric area of 81 mF cm−2, which is equivalent to a gravimetric capacitance of 120 F g−1 of graphene, and retains >99% capacitance over 5000 cycles. Several types of flexible GCP‐based polymer supercapacitors with various architectures are assembled to meet the power‐energy requirements of typical flexible or printable electronics. Under highly flexible conditions, the supercapacitors show a high capacitance per geometric area of 46 mF cm−2 for the complete devices. All the results demonstrate that polymer supercapacitors made using GCP membranes are versatile and may be used for flexible and portable micropower devices.
Noncompaction of the left ventricular myocardium in a boy with a novel chromosome 8p23.1 deletion
Authors: Blinder Joshua J. , Martinez Hugo R. , Craigen William J. , Belmont John , Pignatelli Ricardo H. , Jefferies John L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInterstitial deletion of chromosome 8p23.1 has been reported in patients with congenital heart defects, including atrial and ventricular septal defects, pulmonary stenosis, and complex cyanotic heart defects. GATA4, a zinc‐finger transcription factor gene, has been localized to this region. GATA4 interacts with additional transcription factors in the embryogenesis of the primitive heart tube. Mutations in GATA4 are thought to be responsible for the congenital heart defects reported in association with this chromosomal deletion, and several familial point mutations leading to amino acid substitutions have also been identified. Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by LV myocardial trabeculations and intertrabecular recesses that communicate with the LV cavity. Patients may be asymptomatic or may present with evidence of severely depressed LV systolic and diastolic function. The LV may be dilated or hypertrophied, and clinical expression may be undulating. Several genetic causes of LVNC have been reported, with variable modes of inheritance, including autosomal dominant and X‐linked inheritance, but relatively few responsible genes have been identified. A 12‐year‐old boy with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, dysmorphic features, and LVNC with preserved LV systolic function was referred to the Cardiovascular Genetics Clinic at our institution. The patient was asymptomatic in terms of cardiovascular function. Chromosome microarray testing revealed an interstitial deletion in the region of 8p23.1 containing GATA4. LVNC has not been reported previously in association with this chromosome deletion. Further investigation into the role of GATA4 in patients with LVNC is warranted. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular confirmation of HRAS p.G12S in siblings with Costello syndrome
Authors: Gripp Karen W. , Stabley Deborah L. , Geller Peter L. , Hopkins Elizabeth , Stevenson David A. , Carey John C. , Sol‐Church Katia 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCostello syndrome was first reported based on its characteristic phenotype. Its presentation affects multiple organ systems, including severe failure‐to‐thrive with macrocephaly, characteristic facial features, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, papillomata, malignant tumors, and cognitive impairment. Heterozygous germline mutations in the proto‐oncogene HRAS have been recognized to cause Costello syndrome, and its inheritance pattern would thus be autosomal dominant. Here, we report on the identification of an HRAS mutation c.34G>A, predicting a p.G12S amino acid substitution, in the surviving brother of a previously reported sibling pair, and documentation of the same change in autopsy material from his deceased sister. This represents, to our knowledge, the first molecularly confirmed Costello syndrome in siblings. We did not detect the mutation in a heterozygous state or mosaicism in peripheral white blood cell or cheek swab‐derived DNA samples from either parent. Using single nucleotide polymorphic markers and allele‐specific amplification, we clearly identified the mutation in the surviving sibling to be of maternal origin. While we cannot exclude two independently occurring de novo mutations, the complete sharing of polymorphic markers around the mutation site in both siblings supports maternal germ cell mosaicism. Recurrence risk counseling for families with apparently de novo occurring autosomal dominant conditions includes discussion of germ cell mosaicism, and this report underscores the applicability of this concern to Costello syndrome. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adults with Sotos syndrome: Review of 21 adults with molecularly confirmed NSD1 alterations, including a detailed case report of the oldest person
Authors: Fickie Matthew R. , Lapunzina Pablo , Gentile Jennifer K. , Tolkoff‐Rubin Nina , Kroshinsky Daniela , Galan Enrique , Gean Esther , Martorell Loreto , Romanelli Valeria , Toral Joaquín Fernandez , Lin Angela E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSotos syndrome is a well‐described multiple anomaly syndrome characterized by overgrowth, distinctive craniofacial appearance, and variable learning disabilities. The diagnosis of Sotos syndrome relied solely on these clinical criteria until haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene was identified as causative. We describe a 63‐year‐old woman with classic features and a pathogenic NSD1 mutation, who we believe to be the oldest reported person with Sotos syndrome. She is notable for the diagnosis of Sotos syndrome late in life, mild cognitive limitation, and chronic kidney disease attributed to fibromuscular dysplasia for which she recently received a transplant. She has basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma for which her lifetime of sun exposure and fair cutaneous phototype are viewed as risk factors. We also reviewed previous literature reports (n = 11) for adults with Sotos syndrome, and studied patients ascertained in the Spanish Overgrowth Syndrome Registry (n = 15). Analysis was limited to 21/27 (78%) total patients who had molecular confirmation of Sotos syndrome (15 with a mutation, 6 with a microdeletion). With a mean age of 26 years, the most common features were learning disabilities (90%), scoliosis (52%), eye problems (43%), psychiatric issues (30%), and brain imaging anomalies (28%). Learning disabilities were more severe in patients with a microdeletion than in those with a point mutation. From this small study with heterogeneous ascertainment we suggest modest adjustments to the general healthcare monitoring of individuals with Sotos syndrome. Although this series includes neoplasia in four cases, this should not be interpreted as incidence. Age‐appropriate cancer surveillance should be maintained. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catel–Manzke syndrome: A clinical report suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance
Authors: Kiper Pelin Özlem Şimşek , Utine Gülen Eda , Boduroğlu Koray , Alanay Yasemin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe describe a 3‐month‐old male infant with cleft palate, glossoptosis, micrognathia, and bilateral clinodactyly, an association which is characteristic of Catel–Manzke syndrome. In addition, the patient had ligamentous laxity in the knee which is a rare finding of this syndrome. The mode of inheritance of Catel–Manzke syndrome is unknown. Most cases are thought to be sporadic but the present patient with consanguinity between the parents and a possibly affected sib provide support for autosomal recessive inheritance. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.