bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological convergence or lineage sorting? The case of Cytisus purgans auct. (Leguminosae)
Authors: Cubas Paloma , Pardo Cristina , Tahiri Hikmat 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGenetic distances among populations and phylogenetic hypothesis concerning origin and diversification of Cytisus purgans s.l. are inferred by analysis of the ITS and ETS regions (nrDNA) and the trnL‐trnF intergenic spacer (cpDNA). Cytisus purgans s.l., a shrub of western Mediterranean mountains, consists of two evolutionary units: C. balansae (Boiss.) Ball (Morocco, Algeria, southern Spain) and C. oromediterraneus Rivas Mart. & al. (France, Portugal, Andorra, central and northern Spain). The two units are related to different Cytisus groups, in Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony analyses, and may be genetically unrelated, their morphological similarities being the result of convergence. However, the incongruence in the position of both species in the ITS tree and the ETS and trnL‐trnF trees suggests an alternative explanation. Genetic differentiation could be due to lineage sorting of allelic polymorphism in the ITS region of the common ancestor, and the morphological similarities the result of morphological parallelism. Cytisus balansae conserves ITS sequences related to old Cytisus taxa; rapid radiation may have led to a western Mediterranean lineage in which C. oromediterraneus originated.
Roccella gracilis, the correct name for R. peruensis and R. humboldtiana (lichenized fungi, Roccellaceae)
Authors: Tehler Anders 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe nomenclature and taxonomy of the American, sorediate Roccella species recently known as R. peruensis and R. humboldtiana is reassessed. The two taxa are conspecific and the first, oldest, legitimate name for the united taxon is Roccella gracilis Bory.
Lectotypification of Juncus kochii and Juncus supinus var. nigritellus (Juncaceae)
Authors: Procków Jarosław 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe typifications of Juncus kochii F.W. Schultz and Juncus supinus Moench var. nigritellus W.D.J. Koch non (D. Don) F.W. Schultz are discussed. A specimen from the Koch Herbarium (at L) is designated lectotype for both names. The taxon to which they apply is at present best regarded as Juncus bulbosus L. subsp. kochii (F.W. Schultz) Reichg.
Acroscyphella N. Kitag. & Grolle, the correct substitute name for Acroscyphus N. Kitag. (Hepaticae: Balantiopsidaceae)
Authors: Zijlstra Gea 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAcroscyphus N. Kitag. (1984) is a later homonym of Acroscyphus Lév. 1846. The first substitute name published for it is Acroscyphella N. Kitag. & Grolle, which antedates Austroscyphus R.M. Schust. by just over two weeks.
Promoting Awareness of Sounds in Speech (PASS): The Effects of Intervention and Stimulus Characteristics on the Blending Performance of Preschool Children with Communication Impairments
Authors: Roth Froma P. , Troia Gary A. , Worthington Colleen K. , Handy Dianne 
Published: May 2010

The primary purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of the blending portion of the Promoting Awareness of Sounds in Speech (PASS) program, a comprehensive and explicit phonological awareness intervention curriculum designed for preschool children with speech and language impairments. A secondary purpose was to examine the effects of stimulus characteristics on responsiveness to the phonological awareness intervention via post-hoc analysis. A single-subject design was used to examine treatment effects among children with varying levels of communicative abilities. The PASS blending module was implemented with 11 children with speech and/or language impairments, following the establishment of a stable pretreatment baseline on a series of phonological awareness probes. After instruction, the children demonstrated substantial improvement in their blending ability, which appeared to be attributable to the intervention rather than environmental or maturational factors. These findings suggest that PASS blending training was an effective approach to phonological awareness instruction for the preschoolers with disabilities in our sample. Additionally, word frequency and neighborhood density were found to influence performance on some phonological awareness tasks. Specifically, children correctly blended high-frequency words more than low-frequency words, but they correctly blended words from lower-density neighborhoods more than words from higher-density neighborhoods. Findings are discussed with respect to predictions of the lexical restructuring hypothesis.
B-type natriuretic peptide for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with heart failure undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhang Jing , Fu Xianghua , Jia Xinwei , Fan Xinna , Gu Xinshun , Li Shiqiang , Wu Weili , Fan Weize , Su Jianling , Hao Guozhen , Jiang Yunfa , Xue Ling 
Published: May 2010

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired renal failure and increase in the mortality and length of hospital stay after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Purpose: To evaluate the protective effect of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) on CIN in patients with heart failure undergoing PCI. Material and Methods: In the prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, 149 consecutive acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with heart failure undergoing primary PCI received recombinant human BNP (rhBNP) or placebo from the time of admission to 24 h after PCI. Serum creatinine (SCr) levels were measured to evaluate the protective effect of rhBNP on renal function. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the simplified modification of diet in renal disease study equation. CIN was defined as a postprocedure peak increase in SCr of >0.5 mg/dl or >25% from baseline. Results: The baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. The SCr significantly increased after PCI, with the peak value at 48 h, and then began to decrease. At day 7 after PCI, the SCr had lowered to the baseline level in the BNP group, but it failed to do so in the control group. At 24, 48, and 72 h and 7 days after PCI, the SCr was lower in the BNP group than that in the control group. The eGFR decreased significantly after PCI, with the lowest value at 48 h, and then it began to increase. The eGFR after PCI was higher in the rhBNP group than that in the control group. The occurrence of CIN was significantly lower in the rhBNP group than in the control group. Conclusion: Periprocedural use of BNP could further promote the recovery of renal function and decrease the occurrence of CIN compared with routine treatment alone in patients with heart failure undergoing primary PCI.
The Influence of Calcium on the Susceptibility of Peanut Pods to Pythium Myriotylum and Rhizoctonia Solani1
Authors: Moore Laurence D. , Wills W. H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
No correlation was found between calcium applied at an equivalent rate of either 897 or 1,793 kg/ha in an artificial medium and the amount of pod breakdown incited by either Pythium myriotylum or Rhizoctonia solani. R. solani appeared to be the dominant organism although the isolates tested exhibited a wide range of pathogenicity to peanut pods.
Effect of N Rate and Application on Spanish Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yield and Seed Grade, N and Oil.1
Authors: Walker Milton E. , Ethredge Jerome 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Due to conflicting results of previous studies, experiments were conducted to study the effect of rate and time of application of N on the yield of fruit and on seed grade, percent N and oil content of Spanish peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Rates and times of application of N had no significant effect on yield, grade or percent N in seed of Starr peanuts grown on three different soil types. Application of 134.4 kg of N/ha to Fuquay soil 6 weeks after planting decreased oil content in the seed. When the same rate of N was split into two applications (1/2 at planting and 1/2 at 6 weeks), the oil content was significantly higher than when all the N was applied 6 weeks after planting. On Tifton soil, split applications of N (1/2 at 6 weeks and 1/2 at 12 weeks) tend to reduce the oil content of seeds as the N rates increased. The 134.4 kg/ha rate of N applied by this method produced a significantly lower oil content than where all the N was applied at planting or 6 weeks after planting.
Effect of Calcium Source, Rate, and Time of Application on Soil Calcium Level and Yield of Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)1
Authors: Daughtry J. A. , Cox F. R. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Studies were conducted both in the laboratory and in the field to determine the relative availability of calcium from several calcium sulfate materials, and their effect on the yield and grade of peanuts. The initial rate of Ca leaching in the laboratory study was greatest for Phosphogypsum, medium for the regular finely-ground anhydrite landplaster and least for the granular anhydrite landplaster. With continued leaching the Ca level extracted after applying the three sources became similar. Some differences were noted in the rate of leaching that were associated with soil properties, primarily cation exchange capacity.
In the field, the materials were applied early in the season and at flowering. No consistent difference existed among the sources in soil test Ca or SO4-S levels during the growing period. These levels were lower, however, late in the season if the materials had been applied early rather than at flowering. Similar conclusions were reached when evaluating the temporary pH drop caused by applying the Ca sources.
Yield and grade of peanuts were affected by applying the Ca sources in one field study. The positive response was similar from the three materials which, in this particular study, were applied only at flowering.
Effects of Restoring Peanut Moisture with Aeration Before Shelling
Authors: Blankenship Paul D. , Person Jack L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Moisture was restored to peanuts with aeration at controlled relative humidities before shelling. Restoring peanut moisture from 5 to 8 percent wet basis did not significantly affect milling quality. Elevating peanut moisture to levels that benefited milling quality caused profuse mold contamination of the peanuts. Germination decreased as peanut moisture content (m.c.) increased. Remoisturization caused only small changes in most food quality parameters.
Heat of Respiration of Wet, Spanish Peanuts As Affected by Initial Temperature and Moisture1
Authors: Brusewitz G. H. , Clary B. L. , Herrold B. J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The heat of respiration of high moisture Spanish peanuts was measured for seven tests during 1971 at 60°F and 30% MC and in 1972 for four tests at 70°F, 30% MC and four tests at 70°F, 40% MC. Results at 40% MC show a nearly constant rate of respiration. Including data from Suter, at 30% MC the heat of respiration is higher at temperatures of 60°F and above. In addition, variations between replicates are greater at higher initial temperatures. Differences within the same season were just as large as those between seasons.
Effects of Insecticidal Placement on Non-Target Arthropods in the Peanut Ecosystem1
Authors: Smith J. W. , Jackson P. W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Three methods of applying insecticides to irrigated peanuts for soil insect suppression were compared to evaluate their impact on non-target arthropods. Insecticides were applied as basal directed sprays, broadcast sprays and granules. D-vac suction samples were utilized to compare population densities of non-target arthropods at regular intervals after insecticide application. All application methods showed immediate reductions in most non-target arthropod populations. Granular insecticide applications had the least detrimental impact on non-target arthropods and broadcast sprays the greatest.
Efficacy of Electronic Color Sorting and Hand Picking to Remove Aflatoxin Contaminated Kernels from Commercial Lots of Shelled Peanuts1
Authors: Dickens J. W. , Whitaker T. B. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Samples (200-lb) from 40 commercial lots of shelled peanuts which contained an average concentration of 48 parts-per-billion aflatoxin were sorted with an electronic color sorter 3 to 5 times and then hand picked in an attempt to remove discolored kernels which usually contain higher concentrations of aflatoxin than other kernels. Prediction equations indicated that cumulative removal of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% of the kernels from each sample by electronic sorting would remove an average of 16, 28, 37, 45 and 51% of the aflatoxin, respectively. Electronic sorting became less selective for aflatoxin-contaminated kernels during each additional sorting operation. Careful hand picking for discoloration was far more selective for aflatoxin-contaminated kernels than electronic color sorting. An average 72% of the aflatoxin was in kernels that were removed by electronic sorting and subsequent hand picking. The efficacy of aflatoxin removal with electronic sorting was highly variable among lots. This variability indicates that each lot should be pretested to determine if aflatoxin can be effectively removed before the expense of electronic color sorting is incurred.
Resistance of Peanut Genotypes to Cylindrocladium Crotalariae1
Authors: Wynne J. C. , Rowe R. C. , Beute M. K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) genotypes representing Virginia, Spanish, and Valencia botanical types were screened for resistance to Cylindrocladium black rot (Cylindrocladium crotalariae) at two North Carolina locations for two seasons. Means for percentages of visibly infected plants and the degree of pod damage were lower for the Spanish types than for either the Valencia or Virginia types. Some genotypes did not perform consistently at the two locations. NC Acc 3033, a small-fruited Virginia type having Spanish 2B in its parentage, was the most resistant line at both locations and offers a source of germplasm usable in developing CBR-resistant varieties.
Comparative Studies of Seed Proteins and Enzymes of Species and Collections of Arachis by Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Cherry John P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Proteins and six enzymes (esterase, peroxidase, catalase, leucine aminopeptidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, achromatic oxidase) in individual seeds from 36 species and collections of Arachis were characterized by using polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoretic techniques. These data were used to evaluate the biosystematics of Arachis. Support was found for the thesis that each wild relative of the cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., has been properly classified into coherent groups of species under the following taxonomic sections: Axonomorphae, Erectoides, Caulorhizae, Rhizomatosae, Extranervosae, Pseudoaxonomorphae and Triseminalae. For example, the mobility of most bands in the gel patterns of proteins and enzymes of A. hypogaea coincided very closely with those of the wild species, A. monticola PI 219824, supporting studies which have shown that these two species are closely related and should be classified together. The Similarity Index method, based upon the percent of protein and enzyme bands with similar and dissimilar mobilities compared among gels of seeds of species and collections, produced s-values that further supported the taxonomy of this genus as it is known today.
Peanut Responses to Soil Water Variables in the Southeast1
Authors: Stansell J. R. , Shepherd J. L. , Pallas J. E. , Bruce R. R. , Minton N. A. , Bell D. K. , Morgan L. W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Three peanut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties were maintained at soil water levels ranging from moderately wet to very dry. Pod yield and quality were significantly reduced in treatments receiving less than about 30 cm of water during the growing season. Although not statistically different, yield and quality tended to increase as irrigation amounts increased from 40 to about 60 cm.
Average harvestable yields for 4 years were 4464, 5080 and 4543 kg/ha for Florigiant, Florunner and Tifspan, respectively, when irrigated to a profile depth of 60 cm when the soil moisture tension in the surface 30 cm reached 0.2 bar. This compares with yields of 2631, 3341 and 3125 kg/ha for Florigiant, Florunner and Tifspan, respectively, when the soil water tension in the surface 30 cm profile was allowed to reach 15.0 bars.
Water extraction to a depth of 106 cm was recorded for all three varieties. Apparent plant use of water from profile depths greater than 60 cm was observed at about 75 days after planting.
Evapotranspiration vs age relationships were developed from daily soil water measurements to a 1.2 m soil depth.
Relationship of Net Photosynthesis to Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Leaf Characteristics in Selected Peanut (Arachis) Genotypes1
Authors: Bhagsari A. S. , Brown R. H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Five genotypes, including two cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. and three wild species of Arachis, were tested for their photosynthetic capacity at atmospheric CO2 concentrations and for photorespiration in CO2-free air. Photosynthetic response to CO2 concentrations in the range of 50 to 600 ppm was also tested. Diffusive resistance (DRH2O) of the adaxial surface of the five genotypes was measured with a diffusive resistance porometer. Several other leaf characteristics related to CO2 exchange were measured.
There was a linear increase in net photosynthesis (Pn) for four of the five genotypes as CO2 concentration was increased from 50 to 600 ppm. The increase in Pn of an A. hypogaea genotype from Tanganyika appeared to be progressively less at CO2 concentrations near 600 ppm. The florunner cultivar of A. hppogaea had the highest Pn at CO2 concentrations of 300 ppm and above; A. pintoi had the lowest. Photorespiration as measured by CO2 evolution into CO2-free air averaged about 4 mg CO2 dm -2 hr -1 and did not differ among genotypes. Dark respiration was higher in leaves of wild species than in the two genotypes of A. hypogaea.
Diffusive resistance of A. hypogaea, A. pintoi and A. sp. (glabrata?) leaves remained constant from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m. EST and then increased up to the last measurement at 10 p.m. The DRH2O of A. hypogaea and A. pintoi were similar during the daytime and ranged from 1.5 to 5.0 sec cm -1 between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. A. villosulicarpa and A. sp. (glabrata?) had higher DRH2O values during the same time period, ranging from 5 to 12 sec cm-1. At 10 p.m. DRH2O of A. hypogaea was 84 sec cm-1 compared to only about 20 sec cm-1 for A. pintoi. Net photosynthesis of leaves of the five Arachis genotypes was not closely related to DRH2O nor leaf characteristics including chlorophyll content, stomatal frequency, leaf nitrogen content or specific leaf weight.
Nematode Survey of Peanuts and Cotton in Southwest Georgia
Authors: Motsinger R. E. , Crawford J. L. , Thompson S. S. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A random survey of 467 peanut and cotton fields in 17 counties of Southwest Georgia was conducted to determine the frequency of occurrence and distribution of parasitic nematodes associated with peanuts and cotton. Meloidogyne species were present in 9.7% of the peanut field soil samples, Pratylenchus spp. (primarily brachyurus) in 16.9% and Criconemoides ornatus in 97%. Sixty-nine percent of the root-knot associated with peanuts was M. hapla, 25% was M. arenaria and 6% was a mixture of both. Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus spp., were not found in peanut fields in the survey. In cotton soils, 11.8% of the samples contained Meloidogyne spp., 5.1% Hoplolaimus columbus, and 0.7% Rotylenchulus reniformis.
The Effect of Rainfall and Irrigation on Recovery of Applied Ca From Soil Under Peanut Culture1
Authors: Jones R. J. , Ashley D. A. , Walker M. E. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Field experiments were conducted to obtain information on the effect of rainfall and irrigation on Ca mobility from application of powdered and granular gypsum to peanuts. After receiving 11.27 cm of water, only 15 kg/ha (23%) and 28 kg/ha (21%) of the applied Ca was recovered from the 0–2.54 cm soil depth at the 280 and 560 kg/ha rates of powdered gypsum, respectively. With the same amount of water, recovery of Ca from 560 kg/ha rate of granular gypsum was 30 kg/ha (19%); however, the data indicate that undissolved granules remained after extracting soil treated with this material. Increasing amounts of water applied to the plots decreased the amount of Ca recovered from plots treated with powdered gypsum through four successive samplings; whereas, there was an increase in the amount of Ca recovered from plots treated with granular gypsum. A similar response pattern was obtained when Ca recovery in the primary pegging zone (0–5.08 cm depth) was measured even though total quantities recovered increased with the increase in soil depth.
The 280 kg/ha application of powdered gypsum did not significantly increase available Ca in the 0–15.24 cm soil depth at harvest, but there was a slight increase from the 560 kg/ha rate. The 560 kg/ha rate of granular material significantly increased available Ca at harvest.
Resistance of Wild Species of Arachis to the Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus Urticae1,2,3
Authors: Johnson D. R. , Wynne J. C. , Campbell W. V. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Wild species of Arachis representing all seven sections of the genus were screened in the greenhouse for resistance to the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch. Most species of the section RHIZOMATOSAE were found to be highly resistant to the mite. Plant introductions 338296, 338317, 262840, 262827 and several other members of the section RHIZOMATOSAE were virtually mite free throughout the tests.
PI 276203 from section EXTRANERVOSAE, PI 262142 from section ERECTOIDES and PI 331194 from section ARACHIS also had relatively low damage ratings in this study. Section Arachis is the only section with resistance to the mite that will cross readily with cultivated peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L. Thus the utilization of germplasm resistant to the mite from the wild species will require complicated and difficult breeding procedures.
Effect of Seed Size on the Performance of ‘Florunner’ Peanuts1
Authors: Gorbet D. W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Rapid and uniform stand establishment of vigorous seedlings is basic to good crop performance. Seed size has been shown to be an important factor in the production of a number of agronomic crops. The objectives of this study were to determine the performance of various seed sizes of ‘Florunner’ peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) relative to the rate of emergence, seedling vigor, yield, and grade, when grown under field conditions, and to determine the size distributions of the seed harvested from these plantings. The seed were sized on a nested set of slotted screens of the following slot widths: 1) 8.53 mm, 2) 7.54 mm, 3) 6.75 mm, 4) 5.95 mm, 5) 5.16 mm and a standard slot length of 19.05 mm. Over 40% of the seed passed through the 8.53 mm screen and rode the 7.54 mm screen, and 90% or more of the seed rode the 6.75 mm or larger screen. Rate-of-emergence and seedlingvigor data were significantly affected by planted-seed size and positively associated with increased seed size. Significant differences in yield in favor of the larger seed sizes were noted in two of the three years of testing. When data were combined across years, significant difference for yield was obtained only between the smallest planted-seed size (5.16 mm) and the others. Grading-data responses were similar to those noted for yield. ELK values and 100-seed weight were significantly affected by planted-seed size, with a positive correlation of r = 0.925 between planted-seed size and 100-seed weight of harvested seed. Values for SMK and total meats indicated a highly significant year x size interaction. The planting-seed size had a significant effect on harvested-seed size some years, but the patterns of response were not consistent.