bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic vomiting syndrome: Future clinical and research priorities for: Special supplement/proceedings of 3rd international symposium
Authors: Hasler William L. , Li B. U. K. , Levinthal David J. , Venkatesan Thangam 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing number of studies have explored the clinical features, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS). CVS is common in adults and children and negatively impacts patients, families, and the healthcare system. A related condition, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), has been a focus of interest in the lay press and published literature.PurposeClinical presentations of CVS have been defined by small series and expert opinion, but recent prospective studies are refining our understanding of the spectrum of emetic episodes and the breadth of comorbid conditions. Large cross‐sectional population analyses are clarifying CVS prevalence and factors related to age, ethnicity, and geographic region. CVS pathophysiology is multifactorial with contributions from migraines, dysautonomia, endogenous cannabinoids, mitochondrial dysfunction, genetic abnormalities, and rapid gastric emptying. CVS treatment relies on antiemetics and antimigraine therapies to abort acute episodes coupled with prophylactic regimens employing neuromodulators and antiepileptics. CHS represents a challenge partly because of difficulties in achieving sustained cannabis abstinence. Benefits of other therapies in CHS remain poorly defined. Several areas warrant further scrutiny including better identification of CVS triggers and characterization of different CVS subsets including those with frequent severe episodes, refined description of epidemiology to allow targeting of populations predisposed to CVS development, rigorous definition of pathogenic factors to provide a foundation for exploratory studies of novel therapies, and conduct of controlled trials by multicenter collaborations to confirm benefits of existing and new therapies in development. Progress in these areas will be facilitated by generous governmental and industry support.
Water for agriculture: more crop per drop
Authors: Geilfus C.‐M. , Zörb C. , Jones J. J. , Wimmer M. A. , Schmöckel S. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal crop production in agriculture depends on water availability. Future scenarios predict increasing occurrence of flash floods and rapidly developing droughts accompanied by heatwaves in humid regions that rely on rain‐fed agriculture. It is challenging to maintain high crop yields, even in arid and drought‐prone regions that depend on irrigation. The average water demand of crops varies significantly, depending on plant species, development stage, and climate. Most crops, such as maize and wheat, require relatively more water during the vegetative phase compared to the ripening phase. In this review, we explain WUE and options to improve water use and thus crop yield. Nutrient management might represent another possibility to manipulate water uptake and use by plants. An emerging topic involves agroforest co‐cultivation, where trees in the system facilitate water transfer through hydraulic lift, benefiting neighbouring crops. Other options to enhance crop yield per water use are discussed.
Hypoxic indices for obstructive sleep apnoea severity and cardiovascular disease risk prediction: A comparison and application in a community population
Authors: Hui Xinjie , Cao Wenhao , Xu Zeyu , Guo Junwei , Luo Jinmei , Xiao Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) encounter challenges in capturing the intricate relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Although novel hypoxic indices have been proposed to tackle these limitations, there remains a gap in comprehensive validation and comparisons across a unified dataset.MethodsSamples were derived from the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), involving 4485 participants aged over 40 years after data quality screening. The study compared several key indices, including AHI, ODI, the reconstructed hypoxic burden (rHB), the percentage of sleep time with the duration of respiratory events causing desaturation (pRED_3p) and the sleep breathing impairment index (SBII), in relation to CVD mortality and morbidity risks. Adjusted Cox proportional models were employed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for each index, and comparisons were performed.ResultsSBII and pRED_3p exhibited significant correlations with both CVD mortality and morbidity, with SBII showing the highest adjusted HR (95% confidence interval) for mortality (2.04 [1.25, 3.34]) and pRED_3p for morbidity (1.43 [1.09‐1.88]). In contrast, rHB was only significant in predicting CVD mortality (1.63 [1.05–2.53]), while AHI and ODI did not show significant correlations with CVD outcomes. The adjusted models based on SBII and pRED_3p exhibited optimal performance in the CVD mortality and morbidity datasets, respectively.ConclusionThis study identified the optimal indices for OSA‐related CVD risks prediction, SBII for mortality and pRED_3p for morbidity. The open‐source online platform provides the computation of the indices.
Value and demand for genetic information and ambiguity aversion revisited
Authors: Felder Stefan , Sevim Dilek 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe use the smooth ambiguity model to show that ambiguity aversion increases the value of and demand for genetic information for low prior beliefs of carrying a genetic mutation. We also examine an extension based on the ex ante uncertainty of the test results. The extended model, which accommodates ambiguity aversion only in the presence of new information, lowers the value of genetic information and leads to information avoidance. If this behavior is sufficiently strong, it could explain the low demand observed for genetic tests.
Professional voice use in health and nursing care – Time for reconsideration? A scoping review
Authors: Vaartio‐Rajalin Heli , Lyberg Åhlander Viveka , Nyholm Linda 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunication is a key tool in the nursing profession. It is known that listeners are sensitive to the speaker's voice and interpret the speaker's intentions primarily from the non‐verbal signal conveyed.AimTo map and discuss the current state of knowledge and research evidence on professional voice use in health and nursing care.Design and MethodA scoping review adherent to the EQUATOR guidelines PRISMA‐ScR.Data SourcesSearches in the EBSCO, CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, PsychInfo and PsycArticles databases were conducted between 1 and 28 February 2023.ResultsAccording to the data (n =  23), health professionals use voice as a vital aspect of caring communication and caring relationships, and in leadership as well as inter‐professional collaboration, to facilitate information exchange and understanding and promote shared decision‐making. The data showed that there is also a rising tendency to explore vocal demands and problems among health professionals. No studies were found on the use of voice in digital health and nursing care services or by social robots. Most of the reviewed studies were cross‐sectional, rather small, and focused primarily on the perspectives of healthcare professionals.ConclusionThe use of voice should be explored as a vital aspect of caring communication and caring relationships from the patients' perspective, and the effects of voice use on listeners' emotions and actions should be examined in different contexts with modern, voice‐specific data collection methods. Studies focusing on voice use in digital health care and by social robots are also needed. By integrating training programmes, education and technological innovations, health care can leverage the full potential of voice‐based communication to promote a more coordinated and patient‐centred care environment, true inter‐professional collaboration and effective leadership.ImpactProfessional voice use is an essential part of all health and nursing care and an impressive method that should be used consciously. Therefore, the meaning and methods of voice use, including speech accommodation, should be systematically introduced into health and nursing care and included in nursing education.
Building bridges: An exploratory study of Carver Bridge to STEM success students' experiences and sense of belonging
Authors: Wilcox Jesse , Berger Heidi , Lawson Sara , Ramker Molly Ella 
Published: May 2024

AbstractScholarships in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (S‐STEM) programs have been designed to retain highly qualified students in STEM. At Simpson College, the Carver Bridge to STEM Success Program, funded by the National Science Foundation, has this same goal in mind. We designed and carried out a case study on the 15 Carver Bridge Scholars to quantify their experiences in the program and to measure their sense of belonging. We compared the Scholars to two groups: a comparison group of students who were eligible for the Carver Bridge program but did not participate and all STEM majors who matriculated at Simpson College at the same time as the Scholars. We found that the Scholars had a statistically significantly higher retention in STEM compared to the comparison group (2 = 13.715 p < 0.001, df = 1, ⍵ = 0.71) and a similar GPA at graduation compared to other STEM majors at Simpson College (Mann–Whitney U = 653, p = 0.725, r = 0.03). We found major themes including seeking opportunities, the role of professors, and viewing the Carver Bridge as a “home base.” We outline the major strengths of Carver Bridge as seen by the students and propose a path forward for research on future generations of scholars.
Higher‐order thinking skills‐oriented problem‐based learning interventions in mathematics: A systematic literature review
Authors: Aba‐Oli Zinab , Koyas Kidane , Husen Abera 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis qualitative review aims to describe the current status of problem‐based learning (PBL) implementation in mathematics and identify research gaps in the area of investigation. Literature was searched using the ERIC and Google Scholar search engines. The inclusion/exclusion criteria included: articles published in reputable journals in English since 2015; use PBL as an instructional strategy; include critical thinking, problem‐solving, and creative thinking skills or explore the PBL process; as well as studies conducted at the secondary school level; those using well‐defined research design, process, and procedures; use reliable and valid data collection instruments; rigors maintained; clear discussion and precise conclusion. Based on these criteria, 14 primary studies were selected and reviewed. The results show that PBL improves mathematical critical thinking, problem‐solving, and creative thinking skills. Second, teachers' and students' adaptation to the PBL environment encompasses multiple stages of conceptualization and reconceptualization of its basic features. In addressing the challenges associated with the complex nature of PBL implementation during the shift from the conventional direct instruction model to the PBL environment in secondary school mathematics instruction, these studies fall short of producing concrete results and knowledge.
‘From aspirations for climate action to the reality of climate disasters’: Can remittances play key role in disaster response?
Authors: Makhlouf Farid , Selmi Refk 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClimate change and extreme weather events have led to a surge in natural hazards in Pakistan that have escalated into humanitarian disasters. While remittances are often central to the livelihood of the most vulnerable, research has produced limited knowledge regarding the role of remittances in time of disaster. This paper investigates the reaction of Pakistani migrants to five major natural disasters via remittances from 1972 to 2023. Using an event‐study methodology, the paper compares the responses of remittances in different host countries namely Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Europe & the UK and North America. We provide evidence that remittances intensify in response to climate‐induced disasters, thus representing a reactive mechanism in time of hardship. The response is significant two (one) months after the events for GCC (Europe & the UK and North America) and tends to dissipate 5 months from the disaster occurrence (except for GCC). The intensity and the persistence of remittances' responsiveness (abnormal returns and volatility) depends on the nature of disasters, host countries’ features and the economic conditions of migrants. Our findings highlight the need for further understanding the role of remittances as a coping mechanism in the face of environmental hazards to better inform policies geared toward disaster risk reduction.
Draft - Integrity Management of Selective Seam Weld Corrosion on Oil and Gas Pipelines
Authors: Cooper Cameron , Davies Christopher , Slater Simon 
Published: May 2024

Over recent years operators of oil and gas pipelines have been updating their integrity management plans to include comprehensive approaches to deal with the threat posed by selective seam weld corrosion (SSWC). An increased visibility of the threat has led to it being incorporated into the recent revision of the gas transmission regulations. SSWC is a specific type of corrosion observed to interact with the longitudinal seam weld of pipes used to transport oil and gas. The nature of SSWC, specifically the morphology and observed growth rate, means that it cannot be managed in the same way as general corrosion, with well-established assessment methods and models. A number of historical publications and more recent studies, provide guidance on how corrosion interacting with the long seam can be addressed. Current focus topics for the operators are a) assessment methods to detect, identify and size SSWC anomalies using in-line inspection (ILI), and b) establishing appropriate response criteria and re-assessment frequencies.
The aim of this paper is to provide the wider integrity engineering industry with an overview of this topic including assessment methods, the importance of validation data from inditch testing, and the how effective response criteria can be developed that incorporate all the data, technologies, industry guidance and information available to integrity engineers.
Responses of Pipelines Impacted by Geohazards and Effective Integrity Management Strategies
Authors: Wang Yong-Yi , Jia Dan , Liu Banglin , Warman David 
Published: May 2024

Geohazards are a major contributor to pipeline incidents. Numerous incidents attributable to geotechnical hazards are listed in advisory bulletins from US DOT PHMSA. In addition to geohazards, hydrotechnical and seismic hazards can damage or cause loss of containment in pipelines.
A pipeline incident occurs when the demand on a pipeline segment exceeds its capacity. The demand is the loading imposed on the pipeline segment, while the capacity is the ability of the pipeline segment to resist the demand before an undesirable event, such as a leak or rupture, occurs. In the context of geohazard-imposed loading, the most relevant demand and capacity are in a pipeline’s longitudinal/axial direction.
This paper starts with a few real-world examples of pipeline incidents where geohazards were identified as one of the major contributing factors. The geohazards which provide the strain demand and girth weld characteristics which dominate the capacity are highlighted for each incident. The paper then turns to the fundamentals and key concepts of integrity-centric geohazards management and contrasts this approach with more traditional geohazards management techniques. The other foundational technology to this approach, strain-based FFS (fitness-for-service) assessment is also introduced.
The paper closes with some key elements and steps for the implementation of integrity-centric geohazards management. Practical guidance is provided so pipeline operators can utilize resources that are likely to make the biggest difference.
Dig Effectiveness and Repair Criteria for Dents in Gas Pipelines
Authors: Mojarad Mady , Uzcategui Isabella 
Published: May 2024

Pipeline dents form from different causes including third-party damage, backfilling issues, pipe sitting on rocks. US DoT includes dent repair and remediation criteria based upon dent depth, dent location (top or bottom side), pressure cycling, strain, and dent interaction with other threats like welds, corrosion, cracks. These criteria are easy to apply, however, they may cause conservative excavations.
Over 80 deformation excavation results were reviewed in this paper. The results were compared against In-Line Inspection (ILI) reported values.
The paper is targeted to gas pipelines, but some of the conclusions can be applied to liquid pipelines and facilities.
This paper includes a review of in the ditch excavation results versus ILI data. ASME B31.8 includes repair criteria for plain dents considering susceptibility for crack initiation during dent formation. As found results were reviewed and no cracks were found in the majority of excavations with high dent strain.
The depth and strain based dent assessment criteria as required by various government regulations and industry codes have served the pipeline industry as an evaluation method to determine fitness for service. However, this criteria can result in unnecessary excavations. Excavation results are reviewed versus as called to investigate the level of conservatism embedded in critical strain values recommended by ASME B31.8. Megarule Part 2 has a maximum level for dent strain (10%) where engineering critical analysis is not allowed and dent must be repaired. The as found results were compared where this strain level was achieved for any possible crack initiation.
The review results and conclusions will be one source to improve integrity repair decisions and can be used to support modifications of guidelines, standards, or regulatory documents. Information presented will be of interest to pipeline operators, in-line inspection (ILI) companies, integrity management specialists and regulators.
Falling Structures - Risk Associated to Non-Conventional Connections of Tertiary Structures
Authors: Graver Brit , Langøy Morten Andre 
Published: May 2024

This paper reports methods of and experiences with "nonconventional" joining of tertiary outfitting structures to identify associated risk in the oil and gas industry. With nonconventional we mean other methods than fusion welding and bolted connections (bolt and nut) between similar materials. These methods can be self-tapping screws, explosion welding and blind bolts.
The objective is three-fold. Firstly, to address the risk awareness associated with other parts of the structure than main structure, based on reported incidents. Secondly, report on methods for these components. And thirdly discuss need for standardization.
We have identified and categorized different nonconventional joining systems, described the methods and identified typical experience, damage, and integrity challenges in the industry. The non-conventional joining methods can be divided in welding and non-welding.
A review of selected standards and best practices shows that there are limited requirements towards non-conventional joining of tertiary structures. The focus for an operator is mainly on structural bolted connections and traditional welding.
NORSOK M-001 “Material selection” Amendment has some requirements towards selection of material and how to avoid galvanic corrosion between steel and aluminum by electrical insulation however, these are mainly for through-bolts.
The review of industry experience and selected incidents from Petroleum Safety Authority (Norway) Incidents database and investigation reports has identified that galvanic corrosion between the fastener and the tertiary structures and overload/fatigue due to wind are the most common threats leading to, structure associated, dropped objects. Another identified challenge is that components can be joined/fastened to structural items, and blind bolts have been used in RHS profiles leading to water ingress and internal corrosion of the structural steel member. This can on a long term threaten the structural integrity.
Smartphone use and well-being of adolescent girls: a population-based study
Authors: Kosola Silja , Mörö Sara , Holopainen Elina 
Published: May 2024

Background and objectivesRecent studies have reported an increasing incidence of anxiety among adolescent girls, and associated this with self-reported social media use. This study aimed to measure smartphone and social media use objectively and to evaluate its associations with measures of mental health and well-being.MethodsIn autumn 2022, we recruited a cohort of 1164 first-year female students from 21 socioeconomically diverse high schools. Students responded to an online survey comprising validated questionnaires (Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7, and Body Appreciation Scale 2) and visual analogue scales of current health, mood, tiredness, and loneliness. We also requested that they attach screenshots depicting their smartphone use.ResultsAmong participants (mean age 16.3 years), 16% (n=183) had possible social media addiction and 37% (n=371) exceeded the cut-off for possible anxiety disorders. The BSMAS scores were associated with higher anxiety (r=0.380) and poorer body image (r=−0.268), poorer health (r=−0.252), lower mood (r=−0.261), greater tiredness (r=0.347), and greater loneliness (r=0.226) (p<0.001 for all). Among the 564 adolescents (48%) who sent screenshots of their smartphone use, average daily use was 5.8 hours (SD 2.2), including 3.9 hours (SD 2.0) of social media. Participants who sent screenshots had a higher grade point average than participants without screenshot data, but similar BSMAS and well-being measures.ConclusionsConsistent with other studies, we found social media addiction was common among adolescent girls and was associated with poorer mental health and well-being. Measures should be taken to protect adolescents from the potential harmful effects of social media use.
Ophthalmic quality of life in the adult Danish population: an epidemiological study
Authors: Bek Toke , Bech Bodil Hammer 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundOphthalmic quality of life (OQoL) has been investigated in selected parts of general populations and in patients with ocular disease, but OQoL in unselected general populations has not been studied in detail. The present study reports OQoL obtained from a representative sample of the adult Danish population 2020–2022.MethodsThe FORSYN study invited 10 350 citizen representatives for the adult Danish population for a non-mydriatic eye examination and answer the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire with 39 items in the validated Danish translation. The results from the 3384 (32.7%) persons who participated in the study were weighted on the basis of relevant socio-economic factors, and data were projected to represent the total population. Binocular visual acuity was below 0.1 corresponding to legal blindness in 0.22% of this population.ResultsOQoL was positively correlated with binocular visual acuity up to better than 93 ETDRS letters, negatively correlated with age for persons younger than 60 years of age and again positively correlated with age for persons older than 60 years. OQoL was negatively correlated with increasing ametropia and refractive error above 1 dioptre and encompassed more OQoL parameters for hyperopic than for myopic persons.ConclusionsThe study underlines the benefits of improving visual acuity even within the normal range and of adjusting uncorrected refraction errors in the general population. OQoL is positively correlated with age in older persons independently of visual acuity, sex, refractive power and previous cataract surgery.