bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wellenbrechen an Offshore Tripod‐Gründungen –Versuche und Simulationen im Vergleich zu Richtlinien
Authors: Hildebrandt Arndt , Schlurmann Torsten 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMehrere tausend Windanlagen werden für die Realisierung der politischen Ziele bezüglich der Nutzung von Offshore Windenergieanlagen (OWEA) als erneuerbare Energieform benötigt. Für die Serienproduktion lässt sich eine Struktur möglichst wirtschaftlich entwerfen, je genauer die Lastmodellierung die realen Einwirkungen abbildet; dabei sind die Lastannahmen für brechende Wellen auf Grund ihrer komplexen Geometrie mit diversen Unsicherheiten verbunden, weshalb im Forschungsprojekt “GIGAWIND alpha ventus ‐ TP 1” innerhalb des Forschungsverbundes “Research at Alpha VEntus” (RAVE) u.a. Forschungsschwerpunkten auch brechende Wellen an Gründungsstrukturen untersucht wurden. Hierfür wurden im “Großen Wellenkanal” am Forschungszentrum Küste (FZK, Hannover) Modellversuche an einem Tripod im Maßstab 1:12 durchgeführt. An der Gründungsstruktur wurde unter anderem die räumliche und zeitliche Druckbelastung infolge brechender Wellen erfasst. Im Anschluss wurde mit der Datengrundlage ein dreidimensionales numerisches Strömungsmodell erstellt, das neben der Belastungsanalyse auch zusätzliche Erkenntnisse über die Wellenkinematik und die hydrodynamische Umströmung der zylinderartigen Struktur liefert.In dem folgenden Artikel werden Ergebnisse der physikalischen und numerischen Modelle beschrieben und einander gegenüber gestellt. Abschließend erfolgt ein Vergleich mit dem Lastansatz nach DIN EN 61400‐3 für die Auslegung von Offshore Windenergieanlagen.Breaking Wave Impact on Offshore Tripod Structures – Comparison of large scale Experiments, CFD Simulations, and DIN Recommended PracticeCoastal and near shore areas offer a large potential for offshore wind energy production due to strong and steady wind conditions. Thousands of offshore wind energy converters are projected for mass production within the next years. Detailed understanding of the extreme, dynamic wave loads on offshore structures is essential for an efficient design. The impact on structures is a complex process and further studies are required for more detailed load assessments, which is why breaking wave loads were investigated by the research project “GIGAWIND alpha ventus – Subproject 1” within the network “Research at Alpha VEntus” (RAVE). Large scale laboratory tests (1:12) with breaking waves have been carried out at the Large Wave Flume of the “Forschungszentrum Küste” (FZK, Hanover) to reveal more detailed insights on the impact area, duration and development of the wave induced momentum, and intensity of pressures. In addition, local pressures calculated by a three‐dimensional numerical impact simulation are compared to the Large Wave Flume experiments. Slamming coefficients have been derived from the physical model tests and CFD simulations for the comparison to load calculations based on guidelines.
Nachbildung der Hydroabrasionsbeanspruchung im Laborversuch
Authors: Mechtcherine Viktor , Bellmann Claudia , Helbig Ulf , Horlacher Hans‐B. , Stamm Jürgen 
Published: May 2012

AbstractVon feststoffhaltigem Wasser überströmte Betonoberflächen von Wasserbauwerken zeigen nach entsprechender Beaufschlagungsdauer einen erheblichen Oberflächenverschleiß. Durch die bewegten Feststoffe wird in die Betonoberflächen kinetische Energie eingetragen, die zu einer oberflächennahen Gefügeschädigung in Form von Mikrorissen führt. Um eine Aussage zum vorhandenen Abrasionswiderstand bzw. zur Restlebensdauer von abrasionsbelasteten Betonoberflächen an Wasserbauwerken treffen zu können, ist eine genaue Kenntnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen den Abrasionsvorgängen an der Betonoberfläche und der gleichzeitig und zuvor auf mikroskopischer Ebene stattfindenden Degradation des Betongefüges in der abrasiv belasteten Schicht erforderlich. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden neben den Experimenten zur Hydroabrasion eingehende Untersuchungen zur Werkstoffcharakterisierung durchgeführt, mit denen Änderungen der Gefügestruktur des Betons unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Rissentwicklung erfasst werden konnten. In diesem ersten Teil des Aufsatzes werden die experimentellen Ergebnisse vorgestellt und diskutiert. Auf Basis der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse und Daten wurde anschließend ein vorhandenes Abrasionsprognosemodell erweitert, welches nun eine quantitative Prognose des Oberflächenverschleißes ermöglicht. Dieses Modell wird im zweiten Teil des Artikels präsentiert.Simulation of hydro‐abrasion loading in the laboratory: Part 1 – Experimental investigation into the deterioration of concreteThe concrete surfaces of hydraulic structures can deteriorate severely when continuously or frequently overflowed by water containing solid particles; this process is called hydro‐abrasion. Kinetic energy introduced to the concrete surface by moving solid particles leads most probably to near‐surface damage of the concrete in the form of micro‐cracks. In predicting the abrasion resistance and the remaining lifetime of concrete structures subjected to hydro‐abrasion, a sound knowledge of the mechanisms leading to the wear of concrete on different levels of observation is needed. Besides the hydro‐abrasion tests morphological analysis of the concrete microstructure was performed in order to attain better understanding of the wear mechanisms. In this first part of the paper the experimental results are presented and discussed. Based on the attained insights and data, an existing abrasion prognosis model for abrasion was extended, which now allows for a quantitative prediction of the surface wear. This model will be described in the second part of the article.
Bauwerksinspektion an Verkehrswasserbauwerken
Authors: Kloé Katrin , Bödefeld Jörg 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDie Verantwortung für die Bundeswasserstraßen und die zugehörigen Anlagen hat der Bund mit Artikel 89 des Grundgesetzes an die Wasser‐ und Schifffahrtsverwaltung des Bundes (WSV) delegiert, die dem Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS) nachgeordnet ist. In den vergangenen Jahren hat die WSV zusammen mit dem BMVBS und der Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau (BAW) die Abläufe der Bauwerksinspektion an den Anlagen, die zugehörigen Regelwerke sowie die unterstützenden Instrumente umfangreich überarbeitet und modernisiert. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Neuerungen in der Bauwerksinspektion.Inspections for waterway infrastructureBy the constitution of German, the responsibility for the German waterways is delegated to the Federal Waterway Administration (WSV), which is part of the Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Development (BMVBS). In recent years the WSV together with the BMVBS and the Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute (BAW) have received and updated the operation, the regulations and supporting tools for the inspection at the waterway constructions. The article gives an overview of the innovation in the process of inspection.
Tauchwände als Wellenbrecher
Authors: Frese Marianne , Bleck Matthias , Schöner Michael 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTauchwände sind eine gängige Methode, um Treibgut von der Wasseroberfläche abzuschöpfen und so z.?B. Kraftwerkseinläufe oder Kläranlagenteile zu schützen. Die Anwendung als Wellenbrecher im Hafenbau und Küstenschutz erfolgt relativ selten, weshalb die Bemessung in den gängigen Regelwerken so gut wie gar nicht behandelt wird. Da bei dem Bau von Wellenbrechern selten nach vollständigem Schutz verlangt wird, kann eine Tauchwand eine kostengünstigere Alternative darstellen. Der Vorteil dieses Wellenbrechertyps liegt in der Erhaltung der hydraulischen Anbindung des geschützten Bereichs. Dies kann z.?B. aufgrund von ökologischen Anforderungen gewünscht sein. Durch den Erhalt des Wasseraustauschs wird der sohlnahe Sedimenttransport weniger gestört als bei herkömmlichen Wellenbrechern, was nachteilige Auswirkungen auf die Morphologie reduziert. Die Schwierigkeit bei Anwendung von Tauchwandwellenbrecher liegt in der Abschätzung der hydraulischen Wirksamkeit und der hydraulischen Belastung infolge Wellenangriffs. Der Artikel berichtet hierzu von Erfahrungen aus aktuellen Projekten und ergänzt diese um weitergehende Untersuchungen zum Verhalten dieser Bauwerke als Küstenschutzelement.Scum boards as breakwaters – experiences and latest developmentsScum boards are a usual method to skim floating objects (e.g. debris) of the water surface e.g. to protect power plant intakes or water treatment plants. The application as a breakwater for coastal protection or port constructions is quite seldom. Thus the design of scum boards as breakwaters (baffle breakwater) is mostly not included in standard design manuals. Nevertheless as a total blockage of waves and currents is not needed for many breakwater constructions baffle breakwaters can be a cost efficient alternative as less material is required especially for large water depths. The up to a certain degree protected area is still connected to the surrounding water body which may be required e.g. for ecological reasons (water circulation and quality). In addition the bed load sediment transport will not be interrupted which will reduce the morphological impact of the breakwater (lee erosion). The difficulties in the application of baffle breakwaters are the assessment of the hydraulic function and loads especially due to wave attack. The present article describes experiences from recent projects and gives an overview about the existing design rules for baffle breakwaters.
Hafenentwicklung in Litauen
Authors: Retzlaff Torsten 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDer folgende Bericht geht auf die erfolgten Planungen zur zukünftigen Entwicklung und Erweiterung des Seehafens Klaipeda in Litauen ein. Eine nachhaltige Entwicklung des vorhandenen Hafens sowie dessen Erweiterung ist notwendig, um auch zukünftig den Herausforderungen des Welthandels und der stetig wachsenden Warenströme gerecht zu werden. Im Fokus der Hafenentwicklungsplanung stehen die Weiterentwicklung der bestehenden Hafeninfra‐ und Hafensuprastruktur sowie Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der allgemeinen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und der Hafenverwaltung. Eine Herausforderung stellen die begrenzten Möglichkeiten einer territorialen Entwicklung des Hafens aufgrund eines angrenzenden Stadt‐ und Naturschutzgebietes dar. Neben den Maßnahmen zur Optimierung des bestehenden Hafengeländes wurden verschiedene Standorte an der Ostseeküste Litauens für eine externe Hafenentwicklung bewertet. Für die favorisierten Varianten waren die technischen Entwicklungspläne zu erstellen, eine finanzökonomische Bewertung durchzuführen sowie die notwendigen umweltrechtlichen Genehmigungen einzuholen.Port development in Lituania – Projecting of the sea port KlaipedaThe following report is concerned with the implemented planning works regarding the future development and extension of Klaipeda Sea Port. A sustainable development of the existing port facilities as well as its extension will be required to meet the demanding and highly competitive challenges of global trade and the growing flow of commodities. This port development project comprises the aspects of the development of the existing port infrastructure and superstructure as well as suggestions for the improvement of the general competitiveness and the port administration. The possibilities of the territorial development of Klaipeda Port are limited to the adjacent city area as well as the adjacent natural protection area. Besides the optimization of the existing port facilities, various port locations at the Baltic Sea coast of Lithuania had to be evaluated concerning the external port development. For the most suitable alternatives the technical development plans had to be developed, the financial‐economic evaluation had to be implemented as well as the required environmental approvals had to be obtained.
The enantiomers of epiboxidine and of two related analogs: Synthesis and estimation of their binding affinity at α4β2 and α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Dallanoce Clelia , Matera Carlo , Amici Marco De , Rizzi Luca , Pucci Luca , Gotti Cecilia , Clementi Francesco , Micheli Carlo De 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEpiboxidine hydrochlorides (+)‐2 and (−)‐2, which are the structural analogs of the antipodes of epibatidine (±)‐1, as well as the enantiomeric pairs (+)‐3/(−)‐3 and (+)‐4/(−)‐4 were synthesized and tested for binding affinity at α4β2 and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes. Final derivatives were prepared through the condensation of racemic N‐Boc‐7‐azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2‐one (±)‐5 with the resolving agent (R)‐(+)‐2‐methyl‐2‐propanesulfinamide. The pharmacological analysis carried out on the three new enantiomeric pairs evidenced an overall negligible degree of enantioselectivity at both nAChRs subtypes, a result similar to that reported for both natural and unnatural epibatidine enantiomers at the same investigated receptor subtypes. Chirality 24:543–551, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High cholesterol oxidation in pickled mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from Sri Lanka
Authors: Ubhayasekera Sarojini J. K. A. , Jayasinghe Pradeepa , Ekanayake Sagarika , Dutta Paresh C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTraditional mode of preservation of fatty fish in most countries is either by smoking or pickling. Mackerel is a commonly used fatty fish in the preparation of “jaadi”, a locally prepared pickled fish product in Sri Lanka produced especially in the glut season. The aim of this study was to assess the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) during storage time during 18 wk in traditionally preserved mackerel. The most common COPs were quantified and identified by GC and GC‐MS, respectively. Total cholesterol and COPs ranged from 20 to 113 mg/100 g sample and from 0.2 to 3.8 mg/100 g sample, respectively. The content of COPs increased up to 6 wk and gradually decreased during the storage. The formation of COPs is low until week 4 of storage of jaadi. Between week 4 and 6 of storage the formation of COPs reaches its maximum level and then decreases during storage. Regular consumption of this pickled fish can be a source of considerable amounts of COPs in the diet of the local population in Sri Lanka.Practical applications: Cleaned mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) covered with sun‐dried salt powder and a paste of sun‐dried Garcinia (Garcinia cambogia) fruit locally known as “goraka” is used to produce jaadi in Sri Lanka. Garcinia is a traditional commodity used for fish preservation and cooking, probably due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The results of this preliminary study could be useful in the future to increase the stability of preserved mackerel.
Sulfur and Nitrogen Mustard Carbonate Analogues
Authors: Aricò Fabio , Chiurato Matteo , Peltier Josephine , Tundo Pietro 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSulfur and nitrogen half‐mustard compounds lose their aggressive properties when the chlorine atom is replaced by a carbonate moiety. The anchimeric effect of the novel mustard carbonate analogues is investigated. The reaction follows first‐order kinetics, does not need any base, and occurs with –OH, –NH and acidic –CH nucleophiles. Most of these molecules are unexplored and might provide a novel strategy for the preparation of compounds previously not easily accessible.
Defining parameters for Eckhardt's digital baseflow filter
Authors: Collischonn Walter , Fan Fernando Mainardi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDigital filters are useful tools for assessing the contribution of groundwater to total river flow. Several of those filters have been proposed in the last decades. One of the last contributions on this subject was given by Ekchardt (2005) who proposed a more general form of a digital baseflow filter and showed that some of the most used filters are special cases of this general form. This new filter has the inconvenience of having two parameters, one of them may be obtained directly from recession analysis, but the other (maximum baseflow index (BFImax)) is routinely estimated by a priori defined values according to the predominant geological characteristics of the drainage basin. In this short communication, we propose a method to estimate BFImax by a backwards filtering operation. The method was applied using data from 15 gauging stations in Brazil, with a varied range of groundwater contribution to streamflow. Results of the new estimation method for the BFImax parameter are coherent with the values which would be adopted by considering geological characteristics of the river basins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SPATIAL COMPETITION WITH CHANGING MARKET INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Fell Harrison , Haynie Alan C. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYCompetition across space can be fundamentally altered by changes in market institutions. We propose a framework that integrates market‐altering policy changes in the spatial analysis of competitive behavior and incorporates endogenous breaks in explanatory variables for spatial panel datasets. This paper fills a gap in the literature between work focusing on spatial price responsiveness of agents and work on changes in market regulations that affect competition. We apply the framework to an important current fishery management policy to explore how a change from aggregate to individual fishing quotas affects the spatial price responsiveness of fish processors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Folate‐conjugated β‐cyclodextrin from click chemistry strategy and for tumor‐targeted drug delivery
Authors: Zhang Huaihong , Cai Zhaosheng , Sun Yu , Yu Fei , Chen Yaoqiang , Sun Baiwang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTo enhance site‐specific intracellular delivery against the folate receptor, a drug carrier was designed and synthesized by bioconjugation of folic acid (FA) to β‐cyclodextrins (β‐CD) through a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer from “click chemistry” strategy. The resulted conjugates were confirmed by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Host–guest interactions between hydrophobic drug and β‐CD are capable of entrapping a hydrophobic drug, like 5‐Fluorouracil, to form drug‐β‐CD‐PEG‐FA nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution. The morphology and size of β‐CD‐PEG‐FA NPs were measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The targeting ability of the β‐CD‐PEG‐FA NPs was investigated against two kinds of cell lines (HeLa and A549), which have different amounts of folate receptors on their surface. Confocal image analysis revealed that β‐CD‐PEG‐FA conjugate‐assembled nanoparticles exhibited a greater extent of cellular uptake against HeLa cells than A549 cells. This suggests folate‐receptor‐mediated endocytosis can affect the cellular uptake efficiency of drug‐loaded β‐CD‐PEG‐FA NPs. The β‐CD‐PEG‐FA conjugates that are presented may be promising active tumor‐targeting carrier candidates via folate mediation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 2441–2449, 2012.
Comment on “a minimal implementation of the AMBER–GAUSSIAN interface for Ab Initio QM/MM‐MD simulation”
Authors: Roberts Benjamin P. , Seabra Gustavo M. , Roitberg Adrian E. , Merz Kenneth M. , Deumens Erik , Torras Juan , Trickey Samuel B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe comment upon the recent critique of use of the Program for User Package Interfacing and Linking (PUPIL) system for linking AMBER and GAUSSIAN in a multiscale quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulation (Okamoto et al., J. Comput. Chem. 2011, 32, 932). Specifically, their method for computing forces on the MM particles from the QM region via the GAUSSIAN‐03 electrical field was already implemented in PUPIL version 1.3, publicly available beginning December 2009. Some other doubtful characterizations of PUPIL are discussed briefly in the context of current awareness of open‐source codes more generally. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time‐resolved angiography: Past, present, and future
Authors: Grist Thomas M. , Mistretta Charles A. , Strother Charles M. , Turski Patrick A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe introduction of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 1980 provided a method for real time 2D subtraction imaging. Later, 4D magnetic resonance (MR) angiography emerged beginning with techniques like Keyhole and time‐resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) that provided frame rates of one every 5 seconds with limited spatial resolution. Undersampled radial acquisition was subsequently developed. The 3D vastly undersampled isotropic projection (VIPR) technique allowed undersampling factors of 30–40. Its combination with phase contrast displays time‐resolved flow dynamics within the cardiac cycle and has enabled the measurement of pressure gradients in small vessels. Meanwhile similar accelerations were achieved using Cartesian acquisition with projection reconstruction (CAPR), a Cartesian acquisition with 2D parallel imaging. Further acceleration is provided by constrained reconstruction techniques such as highly constrained back‐projection reconstruction (HYPR) and its derivatives, which permit acceleration factors approaching 1000. Hybrid MRA combines a separate phase contrast, time‐of flight, or contrast‐enhanced acquisition to constrain the reconstruction of contrast‐enhanced time frames providing exceptional spatial and temporal resolution and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). This can be extended to x‐ray imaging where a 3D DSA examination can be used to constrain the reconstruction of time‐resolved 3D volumes. Each 4D DSA (time‐resolved 3D DSA) frame provides spatial resolution and SNR comparable to 3D DSA, thus removing a major limitation of intravenous DSA. Similar techniques have provided the ability to do 4D fluoroscopy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012; 36:1273–1286. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Liver metastases from colorectal cancer: Technique of liver resection
Authors: Heinrich Stefan , Lang Hauke 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLiver resection has become standard for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC): anterior approach, hanging manoeuvre, or total vascular exclusion techniques as well as 3‐dimensional imaging enable safe resections even in difficult cases. Furthermore, modern chemotherapy, portal vein embolization/ligation, and two‐stage procedures increase the resectability of metastasis, and repeat resections are feasible for recurrence. In addition to characteristics of the primary, CEA, extent of metastasis, resection margins, and extrahepatic disease, hilar lymph node metastases appear prognostic. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:579–584. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and quality of life of inpatients with ectopic pregnancy receiving methotrexate treatment
Authors: Pan Li , Zhang Jingping , Li Lihua 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe explored the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training on anxiety and health‐related quality of life of patients with ectopic pregnancy receiving methotrexate treatment. Ninety inpatients receiving this treatment were randomly assigned to a progressive muscle relaxation group (n = 45) or a control group (n = 45). The control group received standard single‐dose methotrexate treatment, and the experimental group received methotrexate and additional muscle relaxation training until hospital discharge. The patients were evaluated with the state form of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and SF‐36 shortly after admission and before discharge from the hospital. Both covariance analysis and repeated measures ANOVA showed that muscle relaxation training can effectively improve the anxiety and health‐related quality of life of patients with ectopic pregnancy receiving methotrexate treatment in an inpatient setting. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:376–382, 2012