bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unterstützungssysteme im einzelschulischen Entwicklungsprozess
Authors: Dedering Kathrin 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund veränderter Vorstellungen über die Steuerung von Bildungssystemen sind staatliche Unterstützungssysteme für Schulentwicklung (u. a. Beratungen, interschulische Netzwerke und Inspektionen) in den letzten Jahren in der Schulpraxis eingeführt und in der empirischen Forschung bezüglich ihrer Wirkungen untersucht worden.Der Beitrag intendiert, den diesbezüglichen Erkenntnisstand weiter auszudifferenzieren, und geht dazu der übergeordneten Fragestellung nach, inwiefern Unterstützungssysteme in die Entwicklungsarbeit von Schulen einbezogen werden. Mit seinem Fokus auf den einzelschulischen Entwicklungsprozess (der die gleichzeitige Betrachtung mehrerer Unterstützungssysteme ermöglicht) und seinem Rekurs auf das Konzept von Schulentwicklung als Regulationsprozess (das eine systematischere Verortung der Unterstützungssysteme in den einzelschulischen Entwicklungsprozess erlaubt) unterscheidet er sich in zweifacher Hinsicht von bisherigen empirischen Arbeiten zur Thematik. Die Befunde aus 16 inhaltsanalytisch ausgewerteten Interviews mit Schulleitungen deuten darauf hin, dass insbesondere Schulentwicklungsberatungen herangezogen werden, um an „neuralgischen Punkten“ im Entwicklungsprozess bei schulextern oder schulintern herausfordernden Situationen umfänglichere Aufgaben der Schulentwicklung zu bewältigen. Sie werden bei Regulationen in allen Bereichen, bei allen Schritten und auf allen Ebenen herangezogen und umfassen ein sehr breites Spektrum spezifischer Leistungen. Auch alle anderen Unterstützungssysteme werden bei Regulationen im Bereich der (meta-)kognitiven Dispositionen, auf der interpersonalen Ebene und (mit Ausnahme der Vergleichsarbeiten) beim Schritt der Adaptation bemüht. Über diese Gemeinsamkeiten hinaus finden sich – wie aufgrund konzeptioneller Ausrichtungen erwartbar – systemspezifische Differenzen bezüglich der Einsatzstellen im schulischen Entwicklungsprozess.
Innovative Strategies for Enhanced Concrete Durability: A Comparative Analysis of Autogenous and Autonomous Self-healing Mechanisms
Authors: Ghazy Ahmed H. , Emara Mohamed R. , Abdellah Ahmed M. , Attia Mohamed I. EL-Sharkawi. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores incorporating self-healing mechanisms into concrete to address cracks compromising structural integrity. Two self-healing techniques, autogenous and autonomous, are compared. Specimens with excessive cement were created to investigate the impact of cement content on autogenous healing. The autonomous technique used Bacillus subtilis bacteria with a constant concentration, using two insertion methods: direct and immobilization. Crumb rubber was used to immobilize bacteria, assessing its effect in preserving them over long periods. Calcium lactate was used as a source of calcium in some of the autonomous mixtures. Healing techniques were evaluated using compression tests, chloride permeability, visible crack inspection, and microscopic investigation. The test results showed a reduction of 32% in compressive strength at 7 days when using calcium lactate with bacteria. However, after 28 days, the strength was enhanced by about 15% compared to the control mix. Despite the strength reduction, the crack healing ability exceeded the control mix in 7- and 28-day cracked specimens. The best results were achieved using bacteria immobilized in rubber without calcium lactate by healing 2mm cracks with a 71% compressive strength increase and 89% strength recovery. The immobilization method outperformed the direct method in preserving bacteria, as confirmed by scanning electron microscope images revealing bacterial presence after 100 days, accompanied by a substantially reduced chloride permeability to very low levels. For the autogenous mixture, adding excess cement enhanced the crack healing efficiency by 67%, healing a 0.5mm crack width. SEM results showed calcite precipitation in both autogenous and autonomous mixtures. However, autonomous mixtures exhibited denser and sharper crystal morphology, confirmed by energy dispersive spectrometer results since the bacterial concrete achieved a calcium weight of 36.52% compared to its control mixture of 8.69%.
Stellar flares
Authors: Kowalski Adam F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMagnetic storms on stars manifest as remarkable, randomly occurring changes of the luminosity over durations that are tiny in comparison to the normal evolution of stars. These stellar flares are bursts of electromagnetic radiation from X-ray to radio wavelengths, and they occur on most stars with outer convection zones. They are analogous to the events on the Sun known as solar flares, which impact our everyday life and modern technological society. Stellar flares, however, can attain much greater energies than those on the Sun. Despite this, we think that these phenomena are rather similar in origin to solar flares, which result from a catastrophic conversion of latent magnetic field energy into atmospheric heating within a region that is relatively small in comparison to normal stellar sizes. We review the last several decades of stellar flare research. We summarize multi-wavelength observational results and the associated thermal and nonthermal processes in flaring stellar atmospheres. Static and hydrodynamic models are reviewed with an emphasis on recent progress in radiation-hydrodynamics and the physical diagnostics in flare spectra. Thanks to their effects on the space weather of exoplanetary systems (and thus in our search for life elsewhere in the universe) and their preponderance in Kepler mission data, white-light stellar flares have re-emerged in the last decade as a widely-impactful area of study within astrophysics. Yet, there is still much we do not understand, both empirically and theoretically, about the spectrum of flare radiation, its origin, and its time evolution. We conclude with several big-picture questions that are fundamental in our pursuit toward a greater understanding of these enigmatic stellar phenomena and, by extension, those on the Sun.
Carbon aerogel supported Ni–Fe catalysts for superior oxygen evolution reaction activity
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Hussain Akbar , Samancı Meryem , Janjua Naveed Kausar , Bayrakçeken Ayşe 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting presents an optimal approach for generating hydrogen (H2), a highly promising alternative energy source. Nevertheless, the slow kinetics of the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the exorbitant cost, limited availability, and susceptibility to oxidation of noble metal-based electrocatalysts have compelled scientists to investigate cost-effective and efficient electrocatalysts. Bimetallic nanostructured materials have been demonstrated to exhibit improved catalytic performances for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report carbon aerogel (CA) decorated with different molar ratios of Fe and Ni with enhanced OER activity. Microwave irradiation was involved as a novel strategy during the synthesis process. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX spectra and EDAX mapping), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM), and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) were used for physical characterizations of as-prepared material. Electrochemical potential towards OER was examined through cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The FeNi/CA with optimized molar ratios exhibits low overpotential 377 mV at 10 mAcm−2, smaller Tafel slope (94.5 mV dec−1), and high turnover frequency (1.09 s−1 at 300 mV). Other electrocatalytic parameters were also calculated and compared with previously reported OER catalysts. Additionally, chronoamperometric studies confirmed excellent electrochemical stability, as the OER activity shows minimal change even after a stability test lasting 3600 s. Moreover, the bimetallic (Fe and Ni) carbon aerogel exhibits faster catalytic kinetics and higher conductivity than the monometallic (Fe), which was observed through EIS investigation. This research opens up possibilities for utilizing bi- or multi-metallic anchored carbon aerogel with high conductivities and exceptional electrocatalytic performances in electrochemical energy conversion.
Livelihood adaptation to changes in River Ekulu depth, channel width and riverbank vegetation cover type by household breadwinners in selected communities in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Eneh Onyenekenwa Cyprian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNigeria and most other developing countries need to explore using socio-ecological approaches to address some ecosystem challenges. Changes in river depth, channel width and riverbank vegetation cover type of River Ekulu in Enugu, Nigeria, their causes and effects on biodiversity and livelihood adaptation by household breadwinners, who depended on the river for livelihood activities, were investigated. Snowball sampling technique was adopted. Causes of changes in the river depth, channel width and riverbank vegetation cover type and their effects on biodiversity and livelihood adaptation were obtained from literature with Google Forms administered to purposively selected experts. Factor component analysis was used to select the significant ones. Aerial images of the river were captured with a drone. Questionnaire was used to elicit information from the target household breadwinners to corroborate the images or otherwise, the causes and the effects of the changes on biodiversity and livelihood adaptation. Data were analyzed to test seven null hypotheses bordering on the objectives of the study. Results showed that the observed changes led to adverse effect on biodiversity and the attendant imperative livelihood adaptation. Factors causing the changes in the river depth, width and riverbank vegetation cover type were climate change (factor weight, fw, 0.44–0.54) and increase in population density (fw 0.46–0.63). Recommendations include conscientisation of government and riverine neighbourhood dwellers on the observed ecological changes, their causes and effects, and ways-forward on policies and practices.
Current Status of Malaria Control and Elimination in Africa: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, Progress and Challenges
Authors: Li Jiahuan , Docile Haragakiza Jean , Fisher David , Pronyuk Khrystyna , Zhao Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe African continent carries the greatest malaria burden in the world. Falciparum malaria especially has long been the leading cause of death in Africa. Climate, economic factors, geographical location, human intervention and unstable security are factors influencing malaria transmission. Due to repeated infections and early interventions, the proportion of clinically atypical malaria or asymptomatic plasmodium carriers has increased significantly, which easily lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. African countries have made certain progress in malaria control and elimination, including rapid diagnosis of malaria, promotion of mosquito nets and insecticides, intermittent prophylactic treatment in high-risk groups, artemisinin based combination therapies, and the development of vaccines. Between 2000 and 2022, there has been a 40% decrease in malaria incidence and a 60% reduction in mortality rate in the WHO African Region. However, many challenges are emerging in the fight against malaria in Africa, such as climate change, poverty, substandard health services and coverage, increased outdoor transmission and the emergence of new vectors, and the growing threat of resistance to antimalarial drugs and insecticides. Joint prevention and treatment, identifying molecular determinants of resistance, new drug development, expanding seasonal malaria chemo-prevention intervention population, and promoting the vaccination of RTS, S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M may help to solve the dilemma. China’s experience in eliminating malaria is conducive to Africa’s malaria prevention and control, and China-Africa cooperation needs to be constantly deepened and advanced. Our review aims to help the global public develop a comprehensive understanding of malaria in Africa, thereby contributing to malaria control and elimination.
Context counts: an exploration of the situational correlates of meat consumption in three Western European countries
Authors: Laffan Kate 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA reduction in the demand for meat and particularly red meat has the potential to significantly enhance the sustainability and health of many people's diets. In the current work, I examine situational predictors of meat consumption in nationally representative nutrition surveys from three Western European countries: Switzerland, France and the Netherlands. More specifically, I examine whether the situational factors – the meal type, the day of the week and the location of the food consumption occasion – are predictive of whether meat and red meat are consumed. The results indicate that all three factors are linked to meat and red meat consumption with the patterns varying substantially across the different case study countries and in some cases also the gender of the consumer. The results emphasise the value of mapping situational correlates to inform situated interventions aimed at influencing meat consumption, while also highlighting important differences across both cultures and people.
Catcalls and Unwanted Conversations
Authors: Cousens Chris 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Catcalls have been said to insult, intimidate, and silence their targets. The harms that catcalls inflict on individuals are reason enough to condemn them. This paper argues that they also inflict a type of structural harm by subordinating their targets. Catcalling initiates an unwanted conversation where none should exist. This brings the rules and norms governing conversations to bear in such a way that the catcall assigns their target a “subordinate discourse role.” This not only constrains the behavior of the target here and now, but also influences the norms governing future conversations. Catcalls are then not only bad because of the effects on their target, but also because of their pernicious contribution to the wider normative landscape.
EURIPIDES, TROADES 95–7: IS SOMETHING MISSING?
Authors: Kovacs David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper raises objections to the constitution of these lines in the OCT. The lines are gnomic but they generalize based on an actual sequence of events just described and should contain an allusion to the offence that will cause the Greeks to perish, the outrage against Athena's temple. This, it is argued, stood in a lacuna best marked after 95. The article has three theses: (1) sacking ‘cities, temples, and tombs’ is implausible because the latter two are parts of the first; (2) plundering tombs refers to nothing in the play, nor was this thought of as an offence against the gods; (3) 96–7 do not refer to the offence that causes the fool's death but are a description of his success, the destruction of the hated enemy population. That success stands in ironic contrast with his subsequent death.
TWO NOTES ON AURELIUS VICTOR'S LIBER DE CAESARIBVS (10.5 LAVTVSQVE AND 13.3 SATISQVE)
Authors: Rudoni Elia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAt Aur. Vict. Caes. 10.5, the reading lautus should be retained; -que is a dittography and should be deleted. At 13.3, satis should be emended into sagatis. This article also provides a brief analysis of Victor's references to clothing and attempts to explain why he comments on the Dacian costume at 13.3, the only ethnographic reference to clothing in the entire work.
Occult neck metastasis in salvage laryngectomy: a road map for super-selective neck dissection
Authors: Youssef Ahmed , Milton Austin , Patel Rusha , Mhawej Rachad , Vasan Nilesh , Krempl Greg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to solve the debate over the role and extent of neck dissection to treat any occult nodal metastasis in patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy for recurrent and/or residual squamous cell carcinoma of larynx.MethodsThis was a retrospective study over a time frame of 6 years (2016–2022) of 74 patients who underwent bilateral neck dissection and salvage laryngectomy for recurrent or persistent disease with N0 neck. We calculated the incidence of occult nodal metastasis in ipsilateral and contralateral neck.ResultsIncidence of ipsilateral neck disease was calculated as 8.11 per cent and it was 0 per cent in contralateral neck. Regarding ipsilateral nodal level distribution, level II was the highest at 6.76 per cent, followed by level III at 5.41 per cent. There was 0 per cent metastasis in levels IV and IIb.ConclusionIn patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy with N0 neck, ipsilateral super selective neck dissection is considered a convenient and oncologically safe option to treat the neck.
“There Can Be No Agreement to Take up Arms against the Turks Unless We First Restore the Empire”: The Fall of Constantinople and the Rise of a New Political Dynamic in the Holy Roman Empire, 1453–1467
Authors: Hardy Duncan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile the Europe-wide cultural impact of the fall of Constantinople to Sultan Mehmed II is well known, its political reverberations in the Holy Roman Empire have received comparatively little attention. This article argues that the events of 1453 inaugurated a new dynamic in the empire that facilitated the polity's consolidation and the creation of new collective institutions within it long before Maximilian I (1486–1519), whose reign is often presented as a constitutional turning point. Some prince-electors had been calling for more effective peace-keeping and judicial institutions for decades before 1453 but lacked the leverage to compel kings and emperors of the Romans to accept political change on their terms. The fall of Constantinople provided a focal point for these negotiations: in return for promising to support an anti-Ottoman crusade, the reformists were able to force a compromise on new peace-keeping legislation at the diets of the 1450s and 1460s. This compromise was catalyzed by public pressure. There was a widely held expectation that leading imperial protagonists should fulfill this mission to defend Christendom, manifested in orations, diplomatic missives, poetry and songs, plays, and early printed pamphlets produced within and for a range of German-speaking public spheres.
Understanding alcohol use and alcohol use disorders from a developmental psychopathology perspective: Research advances, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Chassin Laurie , Sher Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs part of the special issue of Development and Psychopathology honoring the remarkable contributions of Dr Dante Cicchetti, the current paper attempts to describe the recent contributions that a developmental psychopathology perspective has made in understanding the development of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems over the lifespan. The paper also identifies some of the future challenges and research directions. Because the scope of this task far exceeds the confines of a journal length article this paper does not attempt a comprehensive review. Rather, it builds on an earlier review and commentary that was published in Development and Psychopathology in 2013, with a similar goal.)Building on that work and updating its conclusions and suggestions for future directions, the current paper emphasizes findings from the research areas that were identified for further study in 2013 and the findings that have been published since that time.
Impulsivity profiles across five harmonized longitudinal childhood preventive interventions and associations with adult outcomes
Authors: Goulter Natalie , Amin-Esmaeili Masoumeh , Susukida Ryoko , Kush Joseph M. , Godwin Jennifer , Masyn Katherine , McMahon Robert J. , Eddy J. Mark , Ialongo Nicholas S. , Tolan Patrick H. ,   Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, Wilcox Holly C. , Musci Rashelle J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to parse between-person heterogeneity in growth of impulsivity across childhood and adolescence among participants enrolled in five childhood preventive intervention trials targeting conduct problems. In addition, we aimed to test profile membership in relation to adult psychopathologies. Measurement items representing impulsive behavior across grades 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10, and aggression, substance use, suicidal ideation/attempts, and anxiety/depression in adulthood were integrated from the five trials (N = 4,975). We applied latent class growth analysis to this sample, as well as samples separated into nonintervention (n = 2,492) and intervention (n = 2,483) participants. Across all samples, profiles were characterized by high, moderate, low, and low-increasing impulsive levels. Regarding adult outcomes, in all samples, the high, moderate, and low profiles endorsed greater levels of aggression compared to the low-increasing profile. There were nuanced differences across samples and profiles on suicidal ideation/attempts and anxiety/depression. Across samples, there were no significant differences between profiles on substance use. Overall, our study helps to inform understanding of the developmental course and prognosis of impulsivity, as well as adding to collaborative efforts linking data across multiple studies to better inform understanding of developmental processes.
Female rats consuming an iron and omega-3 fatty acid deficient diet preconception require combined iron and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for the prevention of bone impairments in offspring
Authors: Venter Estelle , Zandberg Lizelle , Venter Philip vZ. , Smuts Cornelius M. , Kruger Herculina S. , Baumgartner Jeannine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We previously showed in rats that pre- and postnatal deficiencies in iron and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids can impair bone development, with additive and potentially irreversible effects when combined. This study aimed to investigate, in female rats consuming a combined iron and n-3 fatty acid deficient (ID + n-3 FAD) diet preconception, whether supplementation with iron and docosahexaenoic/eicosapentaenoic acid (DHA/EPA), alone and in combination, can prevent bone impairments in offspring. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, female Wistar rats consuming an ID + n-3 FAD diet preconception were randomised to receive an: 1) iron supplemented (Fe + n-3 FAD), 2) DHA/EPA supplemented (ID + DHA/EPA), 3) Fe + DHA/EPA, or 4) ID + n-3 FAD diet from gestational day 10 throughout pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, offspring (n = 24/group; male:female = 1:1) remained on the respective experimental diets for three weeks until postnatal day 42–45. Offspring born to female rats consuming a control diet preconception and an Fe+DHA/EPA diet throughout pregnancy and lactation served as non-deficient reference group (Control+Fe+DHA/EPA). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone strength using three-point bending tests. Only offspring in the Fe+DHA/EPA group had significantly higher spine and femur BMD, and higher femur stiffness than offspring in the ID + n-3 FAD group, and had similar spine BMD and femur stiffness as the Control + Fe + DHA/EPA group. Offspring in the Fe + DHA/EPA group further had significantly higher femur strength (ultimate load) than the other experimental groups, and a similar femur strength as the Control + Fe + DHA/EPA group. This study shows that only combined iron and DHA/EPA supplementation can prevent bone impairments in offspring of female rats consuming an iron and n-3 FA deficient diet preconception.