bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental infection of an isolate of Taenia solium from Hainan in domestic animals
Authors: Fan P.C. , Chung W.C. , Wu J.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine the susceptibility of domestic animals to an isolate of Taenia solium from Hainan Province, People's Republic of China. A total of 162 cysticerci were recovered from two pigs and 21 from two dogs after experimental inoculation. Cats, goats and a calf were not susceptible to T. solium. Cysticerci were recovered mainly from muscles of the pigs and all were alive. The remainder were in the liver and only one was alive. In the dog, all cysticerci were recovered from the muscles and all were alive.
Immunodiagnosis of human dirofilariasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant DNA-derived fusion protein
Authors: Sun S. , Sugane K. 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAn enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antigenic β-galactosidase-Dirofilaria immitisrecombinant fusion protein (FP) obtained by the recombinant DNA technique provided a useful diagnostic tool for human dirofilariasis.D. immitis-infected human sera reacted strongly with FP that was immobilized with anti-β-galactosidase monoclonal antibody on microplates. However, the FP did not react with sera from patients with other filariasis. In detection of anti-D. immitisIgG antibody. ELISA using FP was highly sensitive and specific compared to that using crude somatic antigen.
Radiolabelling of the excretory-secretory and somatic antigens ofAnisakis simplexlarvae
Authors: Sugane Kazuo , Sun Shu-Han , Matsuura Tadashi 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTAnisakis simplexlarvae were culturedin vitroin medium containing35-methionine for ten days. The medium and the larval tissues were analysed for biosynthetically labelled polypeptide by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Immunoprecipitates with positive and negative human antisera were similarly analysed, usingStaphylococcus aureusto absorb immunocomplexes. ES products ofAnisakislarvae contained many polypeptides with molecular weights of less than 200 K. 180 KDa and 40 KDa polypeptides in ES products reacted with IgG inAnisakis-infected human sera. Somatic extracts also contained many polypeptides with molecular weights of less than 200 K. One of these polypeptides with a molecular weight of 130 K reacted with IgG inAnisakis-infected human sera. These polypeptides did not react with other nematode-infected human sera.
Morphological description of Taenia saginata asiatica (Cyclophyllidea: Taeniidae) from man in Asia
Authors: Fan P.C. , Lin C.Y. , Chen C.C. , Chung W.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn order to clarify the taxonomic status of the Taenia saginata-like tapeworm in East Asia, the morphological characteristics of the adult and cysticercus of classical T. saginata (American, Swiss and Poland strains) and the Taiwan Taenia were compared in the present study. The morphologic characteristics of these two parasites are very similar. The protoscolex of cysticercus of the Taiwan Taenia has a sunken rostellum while that of classical T. saginata has only an apical pit. In addition, the rostellum of the Taiwan Taenia cysticercus is usually surrounded by two rows of rudimentary hooklets. However, this structure is rarely found in classical T. saginata. Based on the results of molecular studies and morphological characteristics, the T. saginata-like tapeworm in East Asia represents a subspecies of T. saginata, named T. saginata asiatica
Oogenesis and embryogenesis in Loa loa
Authors: Post R.J. , Pinder M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe structure of the female reproductive tract, and the patterns of oogenesis, fertilization and embryogenesis were examined from two adult female Loa loa (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Gabon. They were found to be indistinguishable in the two specimens, and almost indistinguishable from the pattern previously described from Dirofilaria immitis, except in chromosome number. Loa loa has 2n=10+X0.
Urinary schistosomiasis in rural communities of some Local Government Areas in Plateau State, Nigeria: a preliminary parasitological and malacological Survey
Authors: Akufongwe P. F. , Dakul D. A. , Michael P.D. , Dajagat P.D. , Arabs W.L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA preliminary parasitological and malacological survey was effected in rural communities of some Local Government Areas (LGA) in Plateau State, Nigeria, to estimate the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis and identify active transmission foci. Out of 2888 persons examined in six LGAs, 1381 (47.82%) were excreting eggs of Schistosoma haematobium in their urine. Prevalence rates did not vary significantly (P > 0.05) between the LGAs: Pankshin (62.4%), Shendam (40.2%), Qua'an-Pan (22.9%), Langtang South (45.4%), Langtang North (58.8%) and Wase (50.0%). Infection rates were significantly different (P < 0.001) between the sexes. Many water bodies in the study communities were colonized by infected Bulinus snails. Snail infection rates varied significantly (P < 0.001) between the dry and wet seasons. A positive correlation was observed between snail infection rates and the prevalence of S. haematobium.
Colonization and establishment of Pomphorhynchus laevis (Acanthocephala) in an isolated English river
Authors: Kennedy C.R. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe successful colonization, establishment and spread of Pomphorhynchus laevis in a small, isolated, Devon river 128 km from the parasite's nearest focus in Dorset was followed over 11 years from 1985. The parasite was first detected in Anguilla anguilla and Platichthys flesus in 1988: by 1995 it had attained prevalence levels of 22.6% in A. anguilla and 43.6% in P. flesus and also occurred in 100% Salmo trutta, 50% Cottus gobio and Noemacheilus barbatulus. As judged by prevalence, abundance, proportion of females gravid and weight of gravid females, S. trutta was the preferred definitive host although C. gobio was a suitable host and may play a role in cycling the parasite: the other three species were unsuitable hosts. The intermediate host was the freshwater Gammarus pulex: the euryhaline G. zaddachi was not infected. On biological grounds, the P. laevis could be assigned to the English freshwater strain and was almost certainly introduced to the river by anthropochore stocking of S. trutta from a Dorset hatchery. The findings demonstrate conclusively that the English strain of P. laevis can colonize and establish in a new locality from which Leuciscus cephalus and Barbus barbus, its normal preferred hosts, are absent and use S. trutta instead. The results also confirm that P. laevis is a poor natural colonizer and appears always to be introduced to new localities by anthropochore transfers of fish. The implications of these conclusions for understanding the present distribution of P. laevis are discussed and it is considered that they provide direct evidence in support of the hypothesis that P. laevis was introduced to Ireland from England and subsequently adapted to use of S. trutta and G. duebeni there.
The mating behaviour of Echinostoma paraensei grown in mice
Authors: Nollen P. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAdults of Echinostoma paraensei grown in mice were exposed to 3-H-tyrosine and transplanted to uninfected mice singly or with unexposed worms. The presence of sperm labelled with the radioactive tyrosine in the seminal receptacles of labelled and unlabelled worms recovered after 5 days indicated the mating pattern of this species. Of nine isolated, labelled worms recovered, four had self-inseminated (44%). Of the 39 unlabelled found with eight labelled worms, only eight exhibited labelled sperm for a cross-insemination rate of 21%. Six of these eight labelled worms had self-inseminated (75%) in addition to the cross-insemination. This pattern of mating is termed unrestricted, unlike the restricted mating seen in three species of eyeflukes, which will not self-inseminate in groups. In contrast to the other species of echinostomes investigated, very little sperm was found in the seminal receptacles of the serially sectioned E. paraensei. Adults were always found in the duodenum, even when transplanted in the ileum.
Freeze fixation-dehydration as a method of preparation of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) for SEM
Authors: Veltkamp C.J. , Richards G.R. , Chubb J.C. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFreeze fixation-dehydration was used for the first time in the preparation of attached Gyrodactylus for SEM viewing. The technique provided instant immobilization of specimens before death and negligible shrinkage throughout the fixation-dehydration process. Comparisons of sample means of two linear measurements of attached opisthaptors showed 20% more shrinkage of Gyrodactylus fixed using 10% neutral buffered formalin than those which were freeze fixed. Freeze fixation-dehydration was excellent for the study of gross external morphology of attached Gyrodactylus. However, the freeze fixation-dehydration process may cause disruption of intracellular structural components making delicate tissues brittle and more prone to damage during subsequent manipulation.
Carbohydrate titres in the haemolymph and midgut glands of Gammarus pulex infected with the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis
Authors: Bentley C.R. , Hurd H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAn examination of the effects of Pomphorhynchus laevis cystacanths on the haemolymph and midgut gland carbohydrate titres of its intermediate host, Gammarus pulex (Crustacea) was undertaken. In the haemolymph, infection with cystacanths did not alter the relationship between haemolymph carbohydrate titres and body wet weight. However, in the midgut glands, infection did alter the relationship between gammarid wet weight and titres of glucose and trehalose (P<0.05, Chow test). The linear relationship between gammarid size and midgut glycogen titre was also significantly altered by infection. Thus circulating carbohydrate titres are unaltered in infected gammarids but storage ones are. The changes in carbohydrate titres and the relationship between individual titres and body wet weight are discussed, especially regarding parasite index.
Seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children and adults in Madrid and Tenerife, Spain
Authors: Fenoy S. , Cuellar C. , Guillen J.L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA study on the seroprevalence of toxocariasis, using ELISA with Toxocara larval excretory-secretory antigens, was carried out on human populations in two regions of Spain. Sera from a population of 195 children from Madrid and 143 children from Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Isles), showed a prevalence of 0% and 4.2% respectively. Sera from a population of 272 adults from Madrid and 803 adults from Santa Cruz de Tenerife showed a prevalence of 3.6% and 17.4%. Reasons for these differences in the seroprevalence of Toxocara in the different age groups from the two regions are discussed.
Ultrastructure of the tegument of the trematode Ganeo tigrinum parasitizing the intestine of indian frogs
Authors: Sharma P.N. , Rai N. , Brennan G.P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe surface tegument of G. tigrinum generally resembles that described for other digeneans. It contains surface tubercles and is covered with a glycocalyx. In the anterior region the tegument bears spines while tubular-like canals and occasional deep invaginations are present on the anteroventral surface. Two types of secretory body are present in the tegumental syncytium and produced in separate tegumental cells. Mitochondria are present in the surface syncytium, suggesting active transport occurs across the tegument in non-hibernating frogs.
Induction of traps byOstertagia ostertagilarvae, chlamydospore production and growth rate in the nematode-trapping fungusDuddingtonia flagrans
Authors: Grønvold J. , Nansen P. , Henriksen S.A. , Larsen M. , Wolstrup J. , Bresciani J. , Rawat H. , Fribert L. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBiological control of parasitic nematodes of domestic animals can be achieved by feeding host animals chlamydospores of the nematode-trapping fungusDuddingtonia flagrans. In the host faeces,D. flagransdevelop traps that may catch nematode larvae. In experiments on agar,D. flagranshad a growth rate between 15 and 60 mm/week at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. The presence of nematodes induces the fungus to produce traps. The rate of trap formation inD. flagranshas an optimum at 30°C, producing 700–800 traps/cm2/2 days, when induced by 20 nematodes/cm2on agar. Approaching 10 and 35°C the ability to produce traps is gradually reduced. The response of chlamydospore production on agar to changes in temperature is the same as that for trap formation. On agar, at 10, 20 and 30°CD. flagransloses its trap inducibility after 2–3 weeks. During the ageing process, increasing numbers of chlamydospores are produced up to a certain limit. The time for reaching maximum chlamydospore concentration coincided with the time for loss of induction potential. The implications of these results in relation to biological control in faeces are discussed.
Patterns of epidemiology and control of onchocerciasis in West Africa
Authors: Boatin B. , Molyneux D.H. , Hougard J.M. , Christensen O.W. , Alley E.S. , Yameogo L. , Seketeli A. , Dadzie K.Y. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper summarizes the work of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) in West Africa, a programme which over a 22 year history has reduced the public health problems of blinding onchocerciasis in eleven countries of West Africa through vector control and, more recently, ivermectin distribution. The paper emphasizes the different approaches to control the programme has developed in the different parts of the programme area which have been determined by the epidemiology of the disease (savanna/forest form), the migratory characteristics of the vectors, intensity of the disease before commencement of treatment, the combined impact of vector control and ivermectin and the likelihood of infiltration of infective blackflies from outside the programme area. The programme has constantly monitored the impact of operations on the trends in prevalence, incidence, annual transmission potential, ocular morbidity and species of fly populations, and as a result, has identified areas where special interventions are required until the programme comes to an end in 2002. The paper illustrates the changes in intensity of infection as measured by community microfilarial load and annual transmission potential over the duration of the programme control activities. The paper also defines and justifies the control strategies in different areas and identifies areas for special interventions.
Immunization of mice againstTrichinella spiralisandT. britoviusing excretory and secretory antigens
Authors: Goyal P.K. , Bolas-Fernandez F. , Wakelin D. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractImmune responses to immunization and infection withTrichinella spiralisandT. britoviwere studied in NIH high-responder mice. Overall it was shown thatT. britoviwas the more immunogenic, immunization and challenge with this species giving greater host-protective immunity. This greater immunogenicity was reflected in higher proliferative responses when mesenteric node lymphocytes (MLNC) from immunized mice were restimulated withT. britoviantigensin vitroand in higher levels of T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocyte-dependent specific IgG1antibody responses against this species. MLNC from mice immunized againstT. britovireleased more IL-5 when restimulatedin vitro, again suggesting a greater T helper 2 subset response, but after infection the highest levels of IL-5 were recorded from MLNC taken fromT. spiralischallenged mice. These data are discussed in relation to current understanding of immunological differences between species and isolates of the genusTrichinella.
IgE response in schistosomiasis japonica: characterization of a cercarial allergen in comparison with purified egg allergens
Authors: Owhashi M. , Horii Y. , Ishii A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe relationship between the cercarial allergen and two previously isolated egg allergens (J1, J2) ofSchistosoma japonicumwas examined especially in terms of the cross-reactivity between them. Semi-purified cercarial allergen (JAC) was obtained from the crude extract ofS. japonicumcercariae by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200. The apparent molecular weight of JAC was estimated approximately as 60–100 kDa. JAC could bind to Con A-Sepharose, indicating its glycoprotein nature. Three groups of BALB/c mice were immunized with JAC, J1 or J2 using A1(OH)3as adjuvant, and the cross-reactivity of each antiserum was examined by PCA. Anti-JAC, anti-Jl or anti-J2 serum was highly specific to the corresponding antigen. When IgE-ELISA ofS. japonicumpatient sera was performed using JAC, J1 or J2 as an antigen, the correlation between anti-J1 and anti-J2 (r = 0.78) was high, whereas the correlation between anti-JAC and anti-J1 (r = 0.27) or between anti-JAC and anti-J2 (r = 0.12) was low. These results suggest that most IgE epitopes on cercarial allergen are independent from those on egg allergens inS. japonicum.
Helminths of foxes and other wild carnivores from rural areas in Greece
Authors: Papadopoulos H. , Himonas C. , Papazahariadou M. , Antoniadou-Sotiriadou K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTwenty species of helminth parasites were identified from fox, wolf, jackal and wild cat material collected in Greece. Of the 314 foxes (Vulpes vulpes) examined, 18 helminth species were recovered comprising one trematode, eight cestodes, seven nematodes and two acanthocephalans, with the cestode species Mesocestoides sp. (73.2%), Joyeuxiella echinorhynchoides (24.5%) and the nematode species Uncinaria stenocephala (43.9%), and Toxocara canis (28.6%) being the most prevalent. Five cestode and three nematode species were reported from six wolves (Canis lupus), together with one trematode, three cestode and four nematode species from five jackals (Canis aureus) and two cestode and three nematode species from four wild cats (Felis silvestris) examined. The species J. echinorhynchoides, Taenia crassiceps and Onicola canisand the genera Spirometra, Rictularia and Pachysentis are reported here for the first time in Greece. The results are discussed in the light of the feeding characteristics of wild carnivores in rural areas of Greece.
Larval development of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in Cernuella (Xeromagna) cespitum arigonis under controlled laboratory conditions
Authors: González-Lanza C. , Manga-González M.Y. , Campo R. , Del-Pozo M.P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe larval development of Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) in experimentally infected Cernuella (Xeromagna) cespitum arigonis (Schmidt, 1853), a species of mollusc important in the epidemiology of dicrocoeliosis in Spain, has been studied. A total of 948 specimens of this mollusc, distributed in five batches, were tested with individual doses of 50 to 150 parasite eggs, obtained from sheep, after 4 days without food. After infection these molluscs and control specimens were kept in an enviromental simulation chamber at 20°C, 50% relative humidity and 7h of light per day. To detect the parasite, a minimum of six molluscs were examined every 20 days from day 1 post-infection (p.i.). The eggs of D. dendriticum were eliminated in the molluscan faeces 48 h post infection. The percentages of molluscs harbouring the parasite ranged between 17.53% and 75%. Daughter sporocysts with undifferentiated germinal masses and occupying very reduced areas of the hepatopancreas were observed 50 days p.i. and in the period immediately following. After 110 days p.i. sporocysts with cercariae at different stages of development were found although slimeball emission was never observed.
Descriptive epidemiology ofHeligmosomoides polygyrusinApodemus sylvaticusfrom three contrasting habitats in south-east England
Authors: Abu-Madi M.A. , Behnke J.M. , Lewis J.W. , Gilbert F.S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSeasonal fluctuations in the prevalence and intensity of infection withHeligmosomoides polygyrus(Nematoda) were studied inApodemus sylvaticus(wood mouse,n= 399), sampled from three contrasting habitats in southern England, to test the hypothesis that both intrinsic (host sex, age) and extrinsic (season, site) factors influence parasite burdens. Maximum likelihood techniques based on log linear analysis of contingency tables were employed to generate a minimum sufficient model for prevalence of infection and 3-way ANOVA with negative binomial errors was used to evaluate the relative contribution of the principal factors and their interactions in explaining variation in worm burdens. Host age could not be entered into either statistical model because of some incomplete subsets of data. However, it was evident that in general juvenile mice carried lower worm burdens compared with adults, although these increased towards the winter season. Host sex was not a significant factor, other than in making a contribution to a weak significant interaction between sex and site, arising from male bias in one site and female bias in the remaining two. The principal determinants of variation in worm burden were the extrinsic factors, site and season, with an approximately equal weighting, and their interaction. These effects arose because worm burdens were lower at Dungeness and showed quite different seasonal patterns to the Egham and Isle of Wight sites. We propose that the unique character of the Dungeness habitat was not conducive to optimal transmission ofH. polygyrusthroughout most of the year (excepting spring) and we suggest possible explanations for these observations.
Characterization of adult Dicrocoelium dendriticum by isoelectric focusing
Authors: Campo R. , Manga-González M.Y. , González-Lanza C. , Rollinson D. , Sandoval H. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWater soluble extracts of 3131 adult specimens of Dicrocoelium dendriticum from cattle, sheep and goats, mainly from León province, were analysed by isoelectric focusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. Activity of the following enzymes was studied: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI, EC 5.3.1.9), phosphoglucomutase (PGM, EC 2.7.5.1), acid phosphatase (AcP, EC 3.1.3.2), α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (α-GPDH, EC 1.1.1.8), hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH, EC 1.1.1.30) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH, 1.1.1.37). Five distinct enzyme types were recognized for LDH (pH range 6.30–7.13), GPI (pH 6.13–6.80) and PGM (pH 6.20–6.60) whereas AcP showed three different patterns (pH 5.70–5.92). Weak and diffuse activity was detected for MDH (pH 4.8–6.2) and no activity was observed for α-GPDH and HBDH. In general, little phenotypic variation was observed between worms recovered from a single host, between those from hosts of the same species and between those from hosts of different species, although some enzyme types were found in some animals but not others. Nevertheless, it must be taken into account that most parasites came from sheep and also from a relatively small area in north-west Spain.