bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deux exemples de presse musicale jeune en France, de 1966 à 1969 : Salut Les Copains et Rock & Folk
Authors: Savev Marc 
Published: July 2012

à l’heure où la mode hippie explose en France, en 1966, s’affrontent dans la presse musicale dédiée aux jeunes deux points de vue opposés. D’un côté, la légitimité historique de Salut Les Copains, journal créé en 1962 par deux anciens de l’émission d’Europe 1 « Pour ceux qui aiment le jazz », Daniel Filipacchi et Frank Ténot. De l’autre, Rock & Folk créé en 1966 par des jeunes journalistes autant engagés politiquement que musicalement, vers les nouveautés anglo-saxonnes.Le premier s’évertue à encadrer les revendications, et les explosions artistiques d’une classe d’âge qui est maintenant totalement soumise à un marketing créé pour elle. Salut Les Copains ne cherche que le côté fédérateur d’une musique rock qui commence à devenir encombrante par son refus d’être un pur divertissement. Le second est un journal créé par des jeunes, un espace enfin ouvert de communication entre membres d’une même tranche d’âge, qui ont les mêmes références culturelles et les mêmes besoins de sortir des carcans imposés par les adultes.
Exposer des objets sonores : le cas des chansons de Brassens
Authors: Dalbavie Juliette 
Published: July 2012

L’exposition, parce qu’elle vient des arts plastiques et visuels, n’est pas, a priori, le média le plus apte à commémorer les chansons qui ont marqué notre mémoire. En effet, la chanson n’est pas un objet à trois dimensions, mais un objet sonore s’inscrivant dans la durée. Or l’existence de plusieurs musées consacrés à la chanson (musée des Beatles à Liverpool, musées consacrés à Elvis aux Etats-Unis) remet en cause ce présupposé. L’analyse sémiotique de l’exposition proposée par l’Espace Georges Brassens, situé à Sète, et consacrée entièrement au chanteur (à sa vie et à son œuvre), nous permet d’une part, de comprendre comment les concepteurs d’une exposition consacrée à la chanson arrivent à résoudre cette contradiction de départ et d’autre part, nous amène à réfléchir sur le statut que confère l’exposition aux « chansons exposées ». La mise en place d’artefacts permet de donner à voir la chanson aux visiteurs. Le recours à l’oralité via l’utilisation d’un casque audio distribué aux visiteurs, préserve un peu la nature de l’objet exposé. La spécificité de cette exposition, par rapport aux musées de la musique notamment, tient à sa capacité à rappeler et à montrer l’importance des médiateurs humains, médiateurs sans lesquels la musique n’existerait pas. Cette muséographie singulière qui met en correspondance objets visuels et extraits sonores propose, de fait, une nouvelle écoute des chansons de Brassens. Par ailleurs, le geste de mise en exposition confère un nouveau statut aux « chansons exposées ». En entrant au musée, elles acquièrent un statut esthétique. Le musée parce qu’il est un dispositif légitimant, contribue à la mise en patrimoine de la chanson.
L’orchestre au XXIe siècle
Authors: APO  
Published: July 2012

Un orchestre est, depuis la Renaissance, un ensemble d’instrumentistes réunis sous la direction d’un chef d’orchestre pour produire de la musique. L’ensemble orchestral fonctionne comme un instrument géant manipulé par le chef d’orchestre pour réaliser une pièce écrite par un compositeur. L’orchestre est donc un espace collectif qui hiérarchise les rapports entre individus, leur donnant une place et une fonction déterminée dans le processus de production collectif. Depuis le milieu du XXe siècle, une série de musiciens et de compositeurs expérimentateurs ont proposé de nouvelles formes orchestrales par l’introduction d’instrumentations et d’écritures reconfigurant les rapports entre les instrumentistes, le chef d’orchestre et le compositeur, allant parfois jusqu’à remettre en question la place et la fonction des éléments de cette chaîne de production.Que deviennent ces expérimentations en ce début de XXIe siècle ? Ces expérimentations interviennent en un temps historique de remise en question des formes d’organisation sociales et politiques qui structurent notre société. Dans quelles mesures est-ce que ces expérimentations orchestrales interrogent ces formes d’organisations collectives ? Est-ce que l’orchestre, si orchestre il y a encore, à travers les multiples formes qu’il prend en ce début de XXIe siècle, peut nous aider à repenser les notions de collectif et de collectivité ?
Processus de création dans l’improvisation
Authors: Saladin Matthieu 
Published: July 2012

L’improvisation, telle qu’elle apparaît dans sa forme la plus libre, de par sa relation particulière au temps, induit une reconsidération du processus de création. Une autre analyse semble nécessaire, différente, dans sa conception, de celle retenue généralement en Art. L’autonomie inhérente à l’objet produit, est-elle, en effet, intelligible de la même manière que dans une création dite immuable ? C’est ce à quoi nous tenterons de répondre à travers l’analyse des quatre éléments suivants : la relation préparation/performance, le matériel témoin, la relation au public et l’improvisation collective. Il s’agit dans chaque cas de saisir ce que représente le support d’un improvisateur, afin de bien comprendre que le processus de création n’est pas à dissocier de son résultat. Une telle démarche amène alors l’improvisateur forcené à concevoir sa pratique comme celle qui résulterait d’un art éthique.
Le festival de rock : entre passion et désenchantement…
Authors: Valero Vanessa 
Published: July 2012

L’organisation d’un festival de musiques rock est passé d’un mode de fonctionnement plutôt amateur à un système beaucoup plus professionnel. Cette évolution se remarque notamment par l’arrivée de l’économie dans la sphère culturelle. Ce passage à « l’économie du spectaculaire » soulève un certain nombre d’interrogations, voire d’inquiétudes quant à un possible désenchantement, loin de la passion originelle. C’est à cette question que nous nous intéressons, à travers un exemple particulier, celui du festival La Route du Rock, organisé par l’association Rock Tympans. Le passage à l’économie du spectaculaire pose tout d’abord la question des subventions publiques qui recèlent des ambiguïtés, comme une relativisation de l’indépendance des diverses associations et organismes culturels. Ces aides publiques devenant insuffisantes face aux nouveaux besoins, il a fallu se tourner vers le secteur privé et la confrontation au marché devient inévitable. L’enjeu est de trouver une sorte d’équilibre entre les deux pôles symboliques que représentent la passion et le désenchantement ; équilibre que le festival La Route du Rock approche, en restant intègre et fidèle au projet initial, tout en se professionnalisant et en fonctionnant selon les nouvelles données économiques.
There ain’t just Black in the Atlantic, Jack! Transformations of Masculinity from the Outlaw to the Rebel in Dancehall Reggae
Authors: Zips Werner 
Published: July 2012

À contre-courant des discours essentialistes et des explications racialistes sur la responsabilité envers les victimes et/ou des auteurs de violences, ma contribution analysera les formations textuelles et performatives de la violence dans la musique reggae dancehall. Dans cette perspective, je m’intéresserai aux influences tant extérieures que locales, qui contribuent à la construction d’une figure complexe qu’est celle du « Rude Boy ». J’analyserai cette identité sous l’angle des théories de la pratique, notamment à travers le concept bourdieusien d’habitus. La figure du « Rude Boy », analysée sous le prisme de ces « outils analytiques », devrait permettre de questionner certaines des hypothèses paradigmatiques autour du concept d’hybridité développé par Paul Gilroy dans son ouvrage majeur L’Atlantique Noir – Modernité et Double conscience, et qu’il oppose à la revendication de l’« authenticité » d’une pensée essentialiste et nationaliste.
Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites
Authors: Nobile Maria Rossella 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, and they are considered to be potential ideal fillers in polymers to produce low weight nanocomposites of high performance. This article reviews the thermal, rheological, mechanical, and electrical properties of CNT polymer composites. The crystallization behavior of polymer nanocomposites in the presence of CNTs is discussed because it strongly influences the mechanical properties of the filled polymers. It is, then, shown that the investigation of the rheological properties of CNT composite melts is fundamental to the comprehension of the dynamics and microstructure of CNT polymer composites. New results of the linear viscoelastic behavior and steady‐shear flow of CNT polymer composites are reported and analyzed. After that, the critical issue of the transfer of the superior properties of the CNTs to the nanocomposites is reviewed and discussed. Effective reinforcement can occur only if an adequate interfacial adhesion between the phases is obtained and a stable homogeneous dispersion of the individual CNTs in the host polymer matrix is achieved. If this event occurs, CNT polymer composites show significant improvements in the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the polymer matrix; the literature results are summarized and discussed.
Automotive Composites
Authors: Chawla Krishan K. , Chawla Nikhilesh 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTypically, advanced materials such as composites make first inroads into areas where performance is at a premium, such as aerospace, defense, and sporting cars where cost is not the driving force. Slowly and steadily, as such materials become cost‐effective and as engineers gain confidence in their use, they move into higher volume applications such as in the automotive industry. One can safely say that in the twenty‐first century, the use of composite materials, especially polymer composites, in the automotive industry is more or less the norm.In this article, we provide an overview of the use of composites in automotive vehicles. The emphasis is on novel applications of composites in the automotive sector rather than routine substitution of conventional monolithic materials with composites. The term, automotive vehicles, includes passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, trucks, buses, and recreational vehicles.
CarbonFiber: Properties, Testing, and Analysis
Authors: Shamsuddin Siti‐Ros , Chee Ho Kingsley Kin , Lee Koon‐Yang , Hodgkinson John M. , Bismarck Alexander 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCarbon fibers have been widely used in fibre‐reinforced composites where strength‐to‐weight ratio is of upmost importance. In this article, a brief discussion of the production of PAN‐based carbon fibers is presented. The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of carbon fibers is discussed. Following this, the methods of quantifying the wettability and surface properties of carbon fibers are outlined. We also present the method of measuring the tensile properties of a single carbon fibre. Finally, a brief outline is given on the quantification of the fibre–matrix interface, which is the key that determines the mechanical performance of the composites.
CharacterizationAdapted fromCharacterization, First Edition.
Authors: Paul Charles W. , Palley Igor 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article offers an overview of the characterization of composites, the techniques use, and their limitations. In particular, morphological and mechanical characterization are discussed. The first can be studied on three levels: macroscopic, microscopic, and atomic/molecular. These three levels of characterizations and the techniques used for their observations are discussed in the first part of the article.In the second part, experimental methods for characterizing the mechanical properties of engineering materials are discussed. These methods can be generally classified as those based on measuring the response to mechanical probing (traditional mechanical testing) and nonmechanical probing, which is also known asnondestructive evaluation. Various aspects of mechanical probing methods, such as the loading rate, the type of loading, and the stress state are presented. Moreover, relevant properties for composites such as thermal, electrical, and electromagnetic properties are presented.
Composites for Structural Strengthening
Authors: Balsamo Alberto , Di Ludovico Marco , Piero Lignola Gian , Prota Andrea , Manfredi Gaetano , Cosenza Edoardo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been used in aerospace and marine applications for more than 50 years and are now increasingly being used in the construction industry especially in the field of repair and retrofit of damaged or deteriorating existing structures. The interest of the research community in the field of structural maintenance and protection as well as of structural safety against environmental actions such as seismic ones has strongly grown owing to high losses related to recent catastrophic natural events. Therefore, more resources have been employed for repairing, retrofitting, and strengthening existing concrete, masonry, steel, and timber structures. In this field, the use of composite materials involving new types of fibers and matrices is becoming an attractive alternative to traditional systems. The primary reasons for which civil engineers select them are related to FRPs high values of specific stiffness and strength as well as their high durability, versatility, and ease of installation. In addition, composite materials may be employed to guarantee the safety and preservation of structures damaged by seismic or catastrophic events even in nonstandard situations (e.g., emergency), such as to retrofit buildings of significant historical and artistic interest for which priority must be given to the requirements of “reversibility” and “transparency” of the strengthening solution. For the mentioned fields of civil engineering, in the following sections, a review of common applications of composite materials on existing buildings is presented; the structural capacity increase achieved by their use as well as the strategies and benefits provided by composites with respect to traditional systems are also illustrated.
Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Navarro Melba , Planell Josep A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBone is a composite material that combines both organic and inorganic phases into a complex structure with extraordinary mechanical properties. Numerous synthetic systems have been developed and are under investigation to create composites for the fabrication of both fixation devices and templates for the repair and regeneration of bone tissue. In the case of tissue engineering, the development of new scaffolds able to support and stimulate cell ingrowth and differentiation is of main importance. In this context, parameters such as the material nature, its physical and chemical properties as well as the structural and morphological properties of the 3D constructs are of paramount importance for the successful outcome of the scaffold‐based tissue engineering approach. A wide range of natural and synthetic polymers as well as numerous fabrication techniques have been used in the development of new 3D scaffolds for the regeneration of bone tissue. In this article, a comprehensive overview of the different materials and methods used for the elaboration of these structures is given as well as a thorough description of the role and relevance of the surface properties of materials and their implications in the biological response.
Out‐of‐Autoclave Prepreg Processing
Authors: Louis Bryan , Ermanni Paolo 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Out‐of‐autoclave (OOA) preimpregnated (prepreg) materials are a prospective alternative to traditional autoclave (AC) processing, with the potential to reduce processing costs and build structures without size limitations imposed by the AC. OOA prepregs differ from AC‐processed prepregs in that they are designed to be processed only with a vacuum bag and oven curing. This article details the state‐of‐the‐art carbon/epoxy OOA prepreg systems. These systems are able to achieve void levels and mechanical properties similar to that of carbon/epoxy AC‐processed prepregs. In this article, a brief insight into the processing of OOA prepregs is given for the following topics: laminate gas transport, vacuum bagging, tooling, and debulking.
Cutting and Machining of Polymer Composites
Authors: Sheikh‐Ahmad Jamal Y. , Davim JoÃo Paulo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis article discusses the phenomena of machining of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites by conventional and nonconventional means. First, the underlying principles of machining by a wedge‐shaped tool are discussed and the application of these principles to the distinctive structure of fiber‐reinforced polymers is delineated. The influence of fiber orientation on the chip formation mode, cutting forces, and surface roughness is explained. Machinability of composites in terms of tool wear and surface roughness is discussed in processes such as turning, milling, drilling, and abrasive machining. Finally, kerf formation in laser and abrasive waterjet machining is discussed. The factors affecting machinability in terms of kerf width, taper, and surface roughness are also discussed.
Electro‐ and Electroless Deposited Composite Coatings: Preparation, Characteristics, and Applications
Authors: Sankara Narayanan T. S. N. , Seshadri S. K. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe idea of codepositing various second‐phase particles in electrodeposited (ED) or electroless deposited (EL) metal or alloy matrix and thereby taking advantage of their desirable qualities, such as hardness, wear and abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance, has led to the development of ED and EL composite coatings with a wide range of possible combinations and properties. This article presents an overview of the deposition methodologies involved in preparing ED and EL composite coatings, the mechanism of codeposition of particles, challenges and issues on particle incorporation in the metal matrix, particularly on the dispersibility of particles, and the interaction between particle and metal matrix during deposition. In addition, the influence of particle incorporation on the nucleation, plating rate, adhesion, surface appearance, roughness, microstructure, texture, hardness, tribological characteristics, and corrosion resistance of composite coatings, and some of the key applications of composite coatings are addressed.
Externally Bonded Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Di Ludovico Marco , Ceroni Francesca , Piero Lignola Gian , Prota Andrea , Manfredi Gaetano , Cosenza Edoardo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have been emerged as very effective and reliable materials for the repair, strengthening, and retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. After a brief introduction on the variety of FRP materials and strengthening techniques for applications on civil structures, the basic principles for designing different strengthening configurations with these materials are herein presented and discussed. First, the bond mechanism, at the base of the structural performance of each type of external strengthening with FRP materials, is discussed both for externally bonded reinforcements (EBR) usually applied in the shape of sheets and plates and for near surface‐mounted (NSM) reinforcements usually applied in the shape of bars or strips. Then, flexural, shear, and confinement applications are examined in detail and the basic mechanical principles of performing safety verifications are illustrated with reference to both provisions from current international design guidelines and innovative theories from up to date scientific literature. Finally, an overview on the potentialities of FRP materials for seismic strengthening is presented.
Foamed Cores
Authors: Sorrentino Luigi , Iannace Salvatore 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFoamed cores are widely employed in lightweight structures, in particular, sandwich structures where they are used in alternative to honeycombs. Among the advantages compared to honeycombs foams show higher thermal and acoustic insulation and higher resistance to humidity and barrier to vapor and gases.Foamed cores in sandwich structures are usually based on polymeric matrices. The cellular structure of these lightweight materials is usually obtained through a controlled nucleation and growth of gas bubbles within a polymeric melt, in the case of thermoplastics or during the polymerization reactions occurring in the case of thermosets.Metallic foams are employed in applications where very high impact energy is required or when service temperatures exceed 200–250°C. At service temperature above 500–600°C ceramic porous structures are preferred.
Interphase in Fiber‐Reinforced Composites
Authors: Jones Frank R. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The interphase in a fiber‐polymer composite arises from the interaction of the fiber surface with the matrix during processing. This can be a result of adsorption of matrix components or the presence of a polymeric coating (or sizing) on the fiber. The origin of an interphase in carbon, glass, and advanced polymer fiber composites is considered in detail. The role of an interphase on mechanical properties of a composite is also discussed. The concept of molecular engineering of the interphase is also introduced.
Joining: Mechanical Fastening of Polymers, Composites, and Polymer–Metal Hybrid StructuresReprinted with updating changes from Polymer Engineering & Science 49 (8), pp. 1461–1476, 2009, Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).
Authors: de Traglia Amancio‐Filho Sergio , Abibe André Bastos , Dos Santos Jorge Fernandez 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
The development of new materials and fabrication techniques has become a matter of success for the industry. Polymers, polymeric composites, and polymer–metal structures are being increasingly employed in several products mainly because of the associated weight savings. Mechanical fastening is one of the main joining methods for polymer and polymeric composites along with adhesive bonding and welding. On the other hand, polymer–metal structures are more difficult to join by traditional joining methods, mostly because of their strong dissimilar physical‐chemical features. Constant efforts on developing improved alternative joining techniques for these hybrid structures, such as the FricRiveting, injection clinching joining (ICJ), collar joining, and injection over molding, have contributed to the dissemination of such structures in industrial applications. This article intends to tackle the basic principles of the mechanical fastening for polymers, composites, and polymer–metal hybrid structures, with emphasis on the description of the main mechanical fastening techniques available for this category of materials as well as on recent developments with future short to medium term potential of industrial application. Finally, this work intends to show that the field of mechanical fastening of polymers, polymeric composites, and polymer–metal hybrid structures for industrial applications is still a growing research and development area. This is due to the increasing aspirations for more environmental friendly technologies and lightweight materials.