bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intra-operative joint gap in cruciate-retaining compared with posterior-stabilised total knee replacement
Authors: Matsumoto T. , Kuroda R. , Kubo S. , Muratsu H. , Mizuno K. , Kurosaka M. 
Published: March 2009

We have developed a new tensor for total knee replacements which is designed to assist with soft-tissue balancing throughout the full range of movement with a reduced patellofemoral joint. Using this tensor in 40 patients with osteoarthritis we compared the intra-operative joint gap in cruciate-retaining and posterior-stabilised total knee replacements at 0°, 10°, 45°, 90° and 135° of flexion, with the patella both everted and reduced. While the measurement of the joint gap with a reduced patella in posterior-stabilised knees increased from extension to flexion, it remained constant for cruciate-retaining joints throughout a full range of movement. The joint gaps at deep knee flexion were significantly smaller for both types of prosthetic knee when the patellofemoral joint was reduced (p < 0.05).
A Genetic Analysis of Coffee Consumption in a Sample of Dutch Twins
Authors: Vink Jaqueline M. , Staphorsius Annemieke S. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCaffeine is by far the most commonly used psychoactive substance. Caffeine is consumed regularly as an ingredient of coffee. Coffee consumption and coffee preference was explored in a sample of 4,495 twins (including 1,231 pairs) registered with the Netherlands Twin Registry. Twin resemblance was assessed by tetrachoric correlations and the influence of both genetic and environmental factors was explored with model fitting analysis in MX. Results showed moderate genetic influences (39%) on coffee consumption. The remaining variance was explained by shared environmental factors (21%) and unique environmental factors (40%). The variance in coffee preference (defined as the proportion of coffee consumption relative to the consumption of coffee and tea in total) was explained by genetic factors (62%) and unique environmental factors (38%).
A Web-Based Study of Personality, Psychopathology and Substance Use in Twin, Other Relative and Relationship Pairs
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Myers John , Potter Jeff , Opalesky Jill 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWeb-based studies have become increasingly common in the social sciences, but have been rare in genetic epidemiology in general and twin studies in particular. We here review the methods, validity checks and preliminary correlational data from an on-line questionnaire collected from 2005–2008. During this time period, 44,112 individuals completed the questionnaire. This sample was 65.3% female, 85.4% 18 years or older, 72.0% Caucasian and had a mean educational level of 12.2 years. The sample included 609 twin, 333 sibling and 201 parent-offspring pairs as well as 342 dating partners, 313 ‘significant other’ pairs, 327 spouses and 2,316 friend pairs. A range of checks suggested low levels of invalid data. Correlations for personality, substance use and misuse, lifetime major depression, social attitudes, educational status, and height and weight were broadly similar to those obtained previously using conventional assessment methods. Web-based studies are a relatively easy and inexpensive way to ascertain large numbers of individuals, although obtaining twin pairs is more difficult, and female and monozygotic pairs are overrepresented. The sample is diverse and pair resemblance is generally similar to that obtained using interviews or mailed questionnaires.
On the History of Hellin's Law
Authors: Fellman Johan , Eriksson Aldur W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTheorems, proofs, laws and rules are commonly named according to the presumed investigator, but often earlier investigators have contributed substantially to the findings. One example of this is Hellin's law, which was named after Hellin, although he was not the first to discover it. In research on twinning and higher multiple maternities, the law has played a central role because it is approximately correct, despite showing discrepancies that are difficult to explain or eliminate. Several improvements to this law have been proposed. In this study, we re-examine some old papers to provide an overview of the scientists who have contributed to the genesis and the improvements of this law. In addition, we consider more recent contributions in which Hellin's law has been discussed and evaluated. It has been mathematically proven that Hellin's law does not hold as a general rule. However, most studies are based on empirical rates of multiple maternities, ignoring random errors. Such studies can never confirm the law, but only serve to identify errors too large to be characterized as random.
Optimum Strategies to Reduce Residual Stresses and Distortion during the Metal Quenching Process
Authors: Nallathambi Ashok Kumar , Kaymak Yalcin , Specht Eckehard , Bertram Albrecht 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Quenching is a complex thermo-mechano-metallurgical problem. Unexplored or without an optimized cooling strategy, a quenching process can end up with high residual stresses and distortion. This paper presents the mathematical formulation of the physics behind the quenching process, the numerical technique and optimization of the cooling strategies for the selected geometries. The finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the coupled partial differential equations in the framework of an isothermal-staggered approach. The solid-solid phase transformations are modeled using a linear iso-kinetic law with Schiel’s additivity rule and Koistinen-Marburger (KM) law. The thermoplastic material model is formulated on the basis of J2-plasticity theory with a temperature and phase fraction-dependent yield limit together with the appropriate mixture rule. The coupling effects such as phase transformation enthalpy, transformation-induced plasticity and dissipation are considered. The local heat transfer coefficient (HTC) during the quenching process plays a crucial role for the evolution of the distortion and residual stresses. It is demonstrated that with an enhanced quenching at the mass lumped regions, the distortion can be reduced. It is always possible to find an HTC profile which eliminates the distortion completely on the expense of an increased residual stress state. Therefore, an optimum quenching strategy has to be found to reduce the distortion and the residual stresses simultaneously. It is shown that with an enhanced quenching at the mass lumped regions and with a reduced quenching at the edges and corners, stresses and distortion can be minimized simultaneously. Examples are given for different kinds of metals and geometries such as long profiles (L and T) and disk with a hole.
Monograph 4 Investigation and Interpretation of Black Box Data in Automobiles: A Guide to the Concepts and Formats of Computer Data in Vehicle Safety and Control Systems
Authors: Rosenbluth W 
Published: March 2009

Description
First published guide to assist engineers and investigators to obtain and interpret "black box" data from vehicles for safety and accident related systems.
More accurate assessments of land vehicle accident conditions can be made with the use of this new joint ASTM/SAE publication, which provides users guidance on obtaining and interpreting "black box" data.
Technological advances in non-volatile electronic data storage have enabled increasingly sophisticated information, to be gathered from automobiles and trucks involved in highway accidents. This electronically saved data, regarding issues such as: engine fuel management (EFI), antilock braking systems (ABS), automatic traction control (ATC), cruise control (CC), air bags (SRS), and seat belt tensioners (ETR) will be an immense aid to land vehicle investigators attempting to determine vehicle conditions before and during an accident.
Originally intended to assist repair, not necessarily investigation, stored data has been saved in several different formats and the ability to now obtain a set of data will be extremely useful to investigators.
Also included is information on where and how to find various data parameters and how to interpret and combine them so their sum can present a vehicle condition overview that can provide significant additional information—when compared to traditional post-accident mechanical analysis techniques. Discussion also covers mathematical structures, basic Newtonian physics, and basic electronic circuits. These elements are then integrated into several case studies.
Candida glabrata PHO4 Is Necessary and Sufficient for Pho2-Independent Transcription of Phosphate Starvation Genes
Authors: Kerwin Christine L , Wykoff Dennis D 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Comparative genomic analyses of Candida glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggest many signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. Focusing on the phosphate signal transduction (PHO) pathway of C. glabrata, we demonstrate that components of the pathway are conserved and confirm the role of CgPHO81, CgPHO80, CgPHO4, and CgMSN5 in the PHO pathway through deletion analysis. Unlike S. cerevisiae, C. glabrata shows little dependence on the transcription factor, Pho2, for induction of phosphate-regulated genes during phosphate limitation. We show that the CgPho4 protein is necessary and sufficient for Pho2-independent gene expression; CgPho4 is capable of driving expression of PHO promoters in S. cerevisiae in the absence of ScPHO2. On the basis of the sequences of PHO4 in the hemiascomycetes and complementation analysis, we suggest that Pho2 dependence is a trait only observed in species closely related to S. cerevisiae. Our data are consistent with trans-regulatory changes in the PHO pathway via the transcription factor Pho4 as opposed to cis-regulatory changes (the promoter).
Serum Antibodies to Periodontal Bacteria as Diagnostic Markers of Periodontitis
Authors: Dye Bruce A. , Herrera‐Abreu Miriam , Lerche‐Sehm Julia , Vlachojannis Christian , Pikdoken Levent , Pretzl Bernadette , Schwartz Aaron , Papapanou Panos N. 
Published: March 2009

Background: Assessment of periodontal conditions in epidemiologic studies usually requires a clinical examination, which is resource‐intensive. We investigated the ability of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to periodontal bacteria to reflect clinical periodontal status.Methods: We used checkerboard immunoblotting to assess serum IgG levels to 19 species, including established/putative periodontal pathogens and non‐pathogenic bacteria, in 5,747 dentate adults aged ≥40 years who participated in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1988 and 1994. Three earlier described alternative definitions of periodontitis were used, based on specific combinations of probing depth and attachment level values. Optimized elevated titer thresholds and corresponding sensitivities and specificities were calculated for each definition. Titers significantly associated with periodontitis were identified in univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Parsimonious models were subsequently developed using age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, and diagnosed diabetes.Results: In unadjusted models, high titers to Porphyromonas gingivalis were most strongly associated with periodontitis across all definitions (odds ratio, 2.07 to 2.74; P <0.05). In parsimonious models including demographic data, smoking, and diagnosed diabetes, high P. gingivalis titers were consistently associated with periodontitis, whereas high Eubacterium nodatum titers were associated with periodontal health in two of three definitions. Receiver operating characteristic curves for the parsimonious multivariable models showed that the area under the curve ranged between 0.72 and 0.78.Conclusions: Serum IgG titers to selected periodontal species, combined with demographic and behavioral characteristics, resulted in a moderately accurate classification of periodontal status in epidemiologic studies. The external validity of these findings must be examined further.
The Patient's Perception of Recovery After Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Prospective Study
Authors: Mardinger Ofer , Poliakov Helena , Beitlitum Ilan , Nissan Joseph , Chaushu Gavriel 
Published: March 2009

Background: Little information is available that documents a patient's perception of recovery after sinus‐floor augmentation. The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate the patient's perception of immediate postoperative recovery after sinus‐floor augmentation.Methods: Seventy‐six patients (41 males and 35 females) who had been scheduled for sinus‐floor augmentation were asked to enroll in a prospective clinical study. A health‐related quality‐of‐life questionnaire was given to the patient, which was designed to assess patient perception of recovery in four main areas: pain, oral function, general activity, and other symptoms. The questionnaire was compared to the surgical chart that described the surgery details and its outcome.Results: Average pain peaked on postoperative day (POD) 1 and improved on POD 5. Maximal pain peaked on POD 1 and improved on POD 4. Difficulty in mouth opening peaked on POD 1 and improved on POD 3. Work attendance, on POD 1 to POD 3, most of the patients did not go to work, and most of the patients returned to work on POD 4. Swelling was greatest on POD 2 and improved on POD 5.Conclusions: The average patient undergoing sinus‐floor augmentation should expect, in general, recovery within 5 days. Patients whose recovery is predicted to be worst, especially young women, might require additional counseling and more attentive post‐surgery care than others.
Prediction of Postpartum Depression Using Multilayer Perceptrons and Pruning
Authors: García-Gómez J. M. , Vicente J. , Sanjuán J. , de Frutos R. , Martín-Santos R. , García-Esteve L. , Gornemann I. , Gutiérrez-Zotes A. , Canellas F. , Carracedo Á. , Gratacos M. , Guillamat R. , Baca-García E. , Robles M. , Tortajada S. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Objective: The main goal of this paper is to obtain a classification model based on feed-forward multilayer perceptrons in order to improve postpartum depression prediction during the 32 weeks after childbirth with a high sensitivity and specificity and to develop a tool to be integrated in a decision support system for clinicians.
Materials and Methods: Multilayer perceptrons were trained on data from 1397 women who had just given birth, from seven Spanish general hospitals, including clinical, environmental and genetic variables. A prospective cohort study was made just after delivery, at 8 weeks and at 32 weeks after delivery. The models were evaluated with the geometric mean of accuracies using a hold-out strategy.
Results: Multilayer perceptrons showed good performance (high sensitivity and specificity) as predictive models for postpartum depression.
Conclusions: The use of these models in a decision support system can be clinically evaluated in future work. The analysis of the models by pruning leads to a qualitative interpretation of the influence of each variable in the interest of clinical protocols.
On Graphically Checking Goodness-of-fit of Binary Logistic Regression Models
Authors: Minder C. E. , Gillmann G. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Objectives: This paper is concerned with checking goodness-of-fit of binary logistic regression models. For the practitioners of data analysis, the broad classes of procedures for checking goodness-of-fit available in the literature are described. The challenges of model checking in the context of binary logistic regression are reviewed. As a viable solution, a simple graphical procedure for checking goodness-of-fit is proposed.
Methods: The graphical procedure proposed relies on pieces of information available from any logistic analysis; the focus is on combining and presenting these in an informative way.
Results: The information gained using this approach is presented with three examples. In the discussion, the proposed method is put into context and compared with other graphical procedures for checking goodness-of-fit of binary logistic models available in the literature.
Conclusion: A simple graphical method can significantly improve the understanding of any logistic regression analysis and help to prevent faulty conclusions.
Estimation of Patient Accrual Rates in Clinical Trials Based on Routine Data from Hospital Information Systems
Authors: Amler S. , Lange M. , Gerß J. , Breil B. , Köpcke W. , Dugas M. 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Background: Delayed patient recruitment is a common problem in clinical trials. According to the literature, only about a third of medical research studies recruit their planned number of patients within the time originally specified.
Objectives: To provide a method to estimate patient accrual rates in clinical trials based on routine data from hospital information systems (HIS).
Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for each trial, a specific HIS report is generated to list potential trial subjects. Because not all information relevant for assessment of patient eligibility is available as coded HIS items, a sample of this patient list is reviewed manually by study physicians. Proportions of matching and non-matching patients are analyzed with a Chi-squared test. An estimation formula for patient accrual rate is derived from this data.
Results: The method is demonstrated with two datasets from cardiology and oncology. HIS reports should account for previous disease episodes and eliminate duplicate persons.
Conclusion: HIS data in combination with manual chart review can be applied to estimate patient recruitment for clinical trials.
Autoantibody and Biopsy Grading Are Associated with Expression of ICAM-1, MMP-3, and TRAIL in Salivary Gland Mononuclear Cells of Chinese Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: CHEN WEI-SHENG , LIN KUAN-CHIA , CHEN CHUN-HSIUNG , LIAO HSIEN-TZUNG , WANG HON-PIN , LI WING-YIN , LEE HUI-TING , TSAI CHANG-YOUH , CHOU CHUNG-TEI 
Published: March 2009

Objective.Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease. We investigated important factors associated with the expression of inflammation-related molecules in minor salivary gland (MSG) mononuclear cells in patients with SS.Methods.Thirty-four patients with SS with a MSG biopsy grading of either grade III (10 patients) or grade IV (24 patients) were enrolled. The age, sex, autoantibodies, cell infiltration, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), or CXCR3 expression were also analyzed.Results.Ten of the 34 patients with SS were diagnosed with secondary SS; in these patients, the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was confirmed in 8 and systemic lupus erythematosus in 2. TRAIL and ICAM-1 were overexpressed in patients with antinuclear antibodies (ANA) > 1:160, compared to those with titer < 1:160 (45.1 ± 4.4 vs 41.2 ± 3.9, p = 0.021, and 15.2 ± 5.7 vs 10.8 ± 3.3, p = 0.018, respectively). Higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; ≥ 20) was associated with higher TRAIL expression and CD20 cell infiltration in contrast to lower ESR (< 20; p < 0.05). ICAM-1, TRAIL, and MMP-3 were expressed more predominantly in anti-SSA-positive than in anti-SSA-negative patients with SS. There was a significant difference in CD20 cell infiltration and MMP-3 expression between primary SS and secondary SS. Biopsy of a grade IV showed a significantly increased expression of TRAIL (44.9 ± 4.5 vs 40.8 ± 3.6, p = 0.013) and MMP-3 (62.7 ± 6.3 vs 54.4 ± 7.3, p = 0.003) in mononuclear cells as compared to those of grade III.Conclusion.In our study, pathologic grading with a higher grade (grade IV) and the presence of SSA or a higher titer of ANA were significantly associated with the overexpression of TRAIL, MMP-3, or ICAM-1 in the salivary gland mononuclear cells in patients with SS.
Resident Evaluations: The Use of Daily Evaluation Forms in Rheumatology Ambulatory Care
Authors: HUMPHREY-MURTO SUSAN , KHALIDI NADER , SMITH C. DOUGLAS , KAMINSKA ELZBIETA , TOUCHIE CLAIRE , KEELY ERIN , WOOD TIMOTHY J. 
Published: March 2009

Objective.The in-training evaluation report (ITER) is widely used to assess clinical skills, but has limited validity and reliability. The purpose of our study was to assess the feasibility, validity, reliability, and effect on feedback of using daily evaluation forms to evaluate residents in ambulatory rheumatology clinics.Methods.An evaluation form was developed based on the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada CanMEDS roles. There were 12 evaluation items including overall clinical competence. They were rated on a 5-point scale from unsatisfactory to outstanding. All internal medicine residents rotating on rheumatology were strongly encouraged to provide the form to their preceptor at the end of each clinic. A questionnaire was administered to residents and faculty.Results.Seventy-three internal medicine residents completed a 1-month rotation at University of Ottawa (n = 26) and McMaster University (n = 47). Faculty members completed a total of 637 evaluation forms. The number of evaluation forms ranged from 2 to 16 (mean 8.73) per resident. At an average of 8.73 forms per resident the reliability was 0.71 for the composite score. Fourteen forms would be required for a reliability of 0.8. The correlation between the objective structured clinical examination scores and the forms was 0.48 (p = not significant). Faculty and residents reported increased feedback following implementation of the forms.Conclusion.The use of daily evaluation forms is feasible and provides very good reliability. Use of the evaluation forms increases feedback to residents on their performance. The forms were well received by faculty and residents.
Safety of Etanercept in Patients at High Risk for Mycobacterial Tuberculosis Infections
Authors: AGGARWAL ROHIT , MANADAN AUGUSTINE M. , POLIYEDATH ANUPAMA , SEQUEIRA WINSTON , BLOCK JOEL A. 
Published: March 2009

Objective.The magnitude of the risk of reactivation of tuberculosis (TB) on use of etanercept, especially in patients with positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test, has not been assessed. We evaluated the risk of developing active TB among PPD-positive patients treated with etanercept.Methods.All patients with a positive PPD test, as defined by American Thoracic Society guidelines, who received etanercept at Cook County Hospital from 2001 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary endpoint was the development of active TB either while receiving or after completing etanercept therapy.Results.Four hundred eighty-seven patients received etanercept, of whom 84 were PPD-positive and constituted the primary cohort. The cohort was composed largely of patients who were at high risk for development of active TB: born in endemic area (80%), ethnic/racial minorities (51 Hispanic, 16 African American, and 8 Asian), and low socioeconomic status (66, 78.57%). Overall etanercept exposure was a mean of 24.6 months (range 3 to 60 mo), with 196 patient-years of etanercept exposure in PPD-positive individuals. Indications for etanercept use included rheumatoid arthritis 58 (69%), ankylosing spondylitis 11 (13%), psoriatic arthritis 13 (15.5%), juvenile inflammatory arthritis 1 (1.2%), and vasculitis 1 (1.2%). Of the 80 subjects, 74 received treatment for latent TB infection (LTBI) prior to initiating etanercept. A comprehensive review of these patients’ medical records failed to reveal any active TB infection.Conclusion.This systematic analysis suggests that the risk of reactivation of LTBI during etanercept therapy is low in appropriately treated individuals.