bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Standard Polyvinyl Chloride Tracheal Tubes and Straight Reinforced Tracheal Tubes for Tracheal Intubation through Different Sizes of the Airtraq Laryngoscope in Anesthetized and Paralyzed Patients
Authors: Dimitriou Vassilios K. , Zogogiannis Ioannis D. , Douma Amalia K. , Pentilas Nikolaos D. , Liotiri Despoina G. , Wachtel Mitchell S. , Karakitsos Dimitrios 
Published: November 2009

Background
The authors compared the intubation success rate of straight reinforced tracheal tubes emerging from the Airtraq laryngoscope (Prodol Meditec S.A., Vizcaya, Spain) with standard preformed polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes in anesthetized patients.

Methods
The authors randomly allocated 347 adult patients to be intubated with standard polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes, standard straight wire-reinforced tracheal tubes, or silicone straight wire-reinforced tubes, through either the larger or the smaller adult laryngoscope sizes. The possible influence of laryngoscope size, tube size, and tube type on intubation failure was examined.

Results
Success rates were 100% for polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes, 78.5% for standard wire-reinforced tracheal tubes, and 75.4% for silicone wire-reinforced tubes (P < 0.01). Compared with the former, patients in the straight standard and silicone wire-reinforced tube groups required more optimization maneuvers (4.1% vs. 42.1%; P < 0.01) and more attempts at successful intubation (0% vs. 7.3%; P < 0.01). The angle created by the tube emerging from the Airtraq guiding channel was inversely correlated to the ratio of the endotracheal tube OD to the width of the channel in the standard and silicone wire-reinforced tube groups (r = -0.95 and r = -0.82, respectively; P < 0.01). Finally, a decrease in 0.1 of the above ratio was associated with a 3.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-5.2; P < 0.01) times increase in the odds ratio of intubation failure.

Conclusions
Standard polyvinyl chloride tracheal tubes were found to be superior compared with standard and silicone straight wire-reinforced tubes for intubation through the Airtraq laryngoscope. In the latter groups, a decrease of the ratio of their OD to the width of the Airtraq guiding channel resulted in increased intubation failure.
Intraoperative Hypotension and 1-Year Mortality after Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Bijker Jilles B. , van Klei Wilton A. , Vergouwe Yvonne , Eleveld Douglas J. , van Wolfswinkel Leo , Moons Karel G. M. , Kalkman Cor J. 
Published: November 2009

Background
Intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is frequently associated with adverse outcome such as 1-yr mortality. However, there is no consensus on the correct definition of IOH. The authors studied a number of different definitions of IOH, based on blood pressure thresholds and minimal episode durations, and their association with 1-yr mortality after noncardiac surgery.

Methods
This cohort study included 1,705 consecutive adult patients who underwent general and vascular surgery. Data on IOH and potentially confounding variables were obtained from electronic record-keeping systems. Mortality data were collected up to 1 yr after surgery. The authors used two different techniques to reduce the influence of confounding variables, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression modeling and classification and regression tree analysis.

Results
The mortality within 1 yr after surgery was 5.2% (88 patients). After adjustment for confounding, the Cox regression analysis did not show an association between IOH and the risk of dying within 1 yr after surgery (hazard ratio around 1.00 with high P values for different definitions of IOH). Additional classification and regression tree analysis identified IOH as a predictor for 1-yr mortality in elderly patients. When the blood pressure threshold for IOH was decreased, the duration of IOH at which this association was found was decreased as well.

Conclusions
This observational study showed no causal relation between IOH and 1-yr mortality after noncardiac surgery for any of the definitions of IOH. Nevertheless, additional analysis suggested that for elderly patients, the mortality risk increases when the duration of IOH becomes long enough. The length of this duration depends on the designated blood pressure threshold, suggesting that lower blood pressures are tolerated for shorter durations. The effect of IOH on 1-yr mortality remains debatable, and no firm conclusions on the lowest acceptable intraoperative blood pressures can be drawn from this study.
Hepatic Effects of Thoracic Epidural Analgesia in Experimental Severe Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Freise Hendrik , Lauer Stefan , Konietzny Eva , Hinkelmann Juergen , Minin Evgeni , Van Aken Hugo K. , Lerch Markus M. , Sielenkaemper Andreas W. , Fischer Lars G. 
Published: November 2009

Background
Thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) protects the intestinal microcirculation and improves perioperative outcomes. TEA also reduces mortality in acute experimental pancreatitis. Its impact on hepatic microcirculation, however, in health and critical illness is unknown. Therefore, the authors studied the effect of TEA on the liver in healthy rats and in experimental severe acute pancreatitis.

Methods
TEA was induced by 15 microl/h bupivacaine, 0.5%. Necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of 2 ml/kg taurocholic acid, 5%. Twenty-eight rats were assigned to either Sham operation, Sham + TEA, Pancreatitis, or Pancreatitis + TEA. After 15 h, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and respiratory function were recorded. Sinusoidal width and perfusion rate and the intrahepatic leukocyte adhesion were assessed by intravital microscopy. In an additional 22 rats randomly assigned to Sham, Pancreatitis, and Pancreatitis + TEA, hepatic apoptosis was evaluated by staining for single-stranded DNA and Fas ligand-positive cells.

Results
TEA did not affect hepatic microcirculation and leukocyte adhesion in healthy rats. Blood pressure remained unchanged in the Sham + TEA group. In Pancreatitis, mean arterial pressure decreased from 141 + or - 6 mmHg to 127 + or - 13 mmHg but remained stable in Pancreatitis + TEA. The sinusoidal diameter decreased from 5.4 + or - 0.1 microm to 5.0 + or - 0.2 microm in Pancreatitis. This was restored in Pancreatitis + TEA. Intrahepatic leukocyte adhesion was not affected by TEA. The increased hepatocyte apoptosis in Pancreatitis was abolished in Pancreatitis + TEA. This might be mediated by inhibition of the Fas ligand pathway.

Conclusion
TEA reduces liver injury in necrotizing acute pancreatitis. This could be related to a regional sympathetic block. TEA could thus preserve liver function in systemic inflammatory disorders such as acute pancreatitis.
Healthcare Provider and Parent Behavior and Children’s Coping and Distress at Anesthesia Induction
Authors: Chorney Jill MacLaren , Torrey Carrie , Blount Ronald , McLaren Christine E. , Chen Wen-Pin , Kain Zeev N. 
Published: November 2009

Background
To date, no study has evaluated the impact of specific healthcare provider and parent behaviors on children's distress and coping during anesthesia induction.

Method
Extensive digital video data were collected on 293 two- to ten-yr-old children undergoing anesthesia induction with a parent present. Anesthesiologist, nurse, and parent behavior and children's distress and coping were coded using the Revised Preoperative Child-Adult Medical Procedure Interaction Scale administered using specialized coding software.

Results
Anesthesiologists and parents engaged in higher rates of most behaviors than nurses. Overall, adult emotion-focused behavior such as empathy and reassurance was significantly positively related to children's distress and negatively related to children's coping behaviors. Adult distracting behavior such as humor and distracting talk showed the opposite pattern. Medical reinterpretation by anesthesiologists was significantly positively related to children's coping behaviors, but the same behavior by parents was significantly positively related to children's distress.

Conclusions
The data presented here provide evidence for a relation between adult behaviors and children's distress and coping at anesthesia induction. These behaviors are trainable, and hence it is possible to test whether modifying physician behavior can influence child behavior in future studies.
Xenon Attenuates Excitatory Synaptic Transmission in the Rodent Prefrontal Cortex and Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn
Authors: Haseneder Rainer , Kratzer Stephan , Kochs Eberhard , Mattusch Corinna , Eder Matthias , Rammes Gerhard 
Published: November 2009

Background
The molecular mechanisms of the inhalational anesthetic xenon are not yet fully understood. Recently, the authors showed that xenon reduces both N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in a brain slice preparation of the amygdala. In the current study, the authors examined the effects of xenon on synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex and the spinal cord dorsal horn (substantia gelatinosa).

Methods
In rodent brain or spinal cord slice preparations, the authors used patch clamp technique to investigate the impact of xenon on NMDA and AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents, as well as on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents. The currents were either evoked upon electrical stimulation (NMDA-eEPSCs and AMPA-eEPSCs) or upon photolysis of caged L-glutamate (p-NMDA-Cs and p-AMPA-Cs). In addition, the authors investigated the effects of xenon on AMPA receptor-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents.

Results
In both central nervous system regions, xenon had virtually no effect on inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In the prefrontal cortex (spinal cord), xenon reversibly reduced NMDA-eEPSCs to approximately 58% (72%) and AMPA-eEPSCs to approximately 67% (65%) of control. There was no difference in the xenon-induced reduction of NMDA-eEPSCs and p-NMDA-Cs, or AMPA-eEPSCs and p-AMPA-Cs. Xenon did not affect the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents but reduced their amplitude.

Conclusions
In the current study, the authors found that xenon depresses NMDA and AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex and the substantia gelatinosa without affecting gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. These results provide evidence that the effects of xenon are primarily due to postsynaptic mechanisms.
Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibition Reduces Platelet Activation and Monocyte Tissue Factor Expression in Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Beppu Satoru , Nakajima Yasufumi , Shibasaki Masayuki , Kageyama Kyoko , Mizobe Toshiki , Shime Nobuaki , Matsuda Naoyuki 
Published: November 2009

Background
Tissue damage during surgery activates platelets and provokes a prothrombic state. The current study attempted to determine the impact of phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors on platelet activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation, and monocyte tissue factor expression during and after total knee arthroplasty.

Methods
Thirty-four patients undergoing scheduled total knee arthroplasty were randomly assigned to receive either the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor milrinone or the same amount of saline perioperatively. The effects of milrinone on platelet and leukocyte function in vitro were then assessed in healthy volunteers.

Results
Perioperative infusion of milrinone significantly attenuated platelet activation; phosphorylation of intraplatelet p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and Akt; and platelet-leukocyte aggregation. Furthermore, perioperative tissue factor expression on monocytes and fibrin monomer complex production were reduced by milrinone infusion in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. In vitro studies using adenosine diphosphate- and collagen-stimulated blood samples from healthy volunteers confirmed the antiplatelet effects and reduced monocyte tissue factor expression by milrinone. These studies further showed that platelet aggregation and integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation were modified by intraplatelet phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways, and that P-selectin expression on platelets and platelet-leukocyte aggregation were modulated by intraplatelet p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

Conclusion
Continuous milrinone infusion has the potential to reduce platelet activation and monocyte tissue factor expression during the perioperative period in total knee arthroplasty. These events may be mediated in part by the ability of milrinone to reduce activation of intraplatelet mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The clinical impact of phosphodiesterase 3 inhibition on perioperative hemostasis remains to be elucidated.
High-temperature growth of anatase on kaolinite substrate
Authors: Rieder M. , Klementová M. , Szatmáry L. 
Published: November 2009

When a fine fraction of kaolinite (less than 2 μm) is mixed with titanyl sulphate (weight ratio approx. 1:7), hydrolysed, washed, dried and heated to temperatures between 750 and 900
°
C, it transforms into metakaolin, and titania crystallizes as anatase with a small particle size (approx. 20–30 nm). In parallel experiments with plain titania (without kaolinite), rutile is the sole product phase at 850 and 900
°
C and the dominant phase in a mixture with anatase at 750
°
C. The particle sizes are much larger (approx. 400–1100 nm). It appears that kaolinite is instrumental in preserving titania in the anatase form and with a small particle size even at fairly high temperatures and hindering its transformation to rutile. However, this anatase exhibits poor photocatalytic activity.
Characterization of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Localized UDP-d-Galactose: HydroxyprolineO-Galactosyltransferase Using Synthetic Peptide Substrates in Arabidopsis
Authors: Oka Takuji , Saito Fumie , Shimma Yoh-ichi , Yoko-o Takehiko , Nomura Yoshiyuki , Matsuoka Ken , Jigami Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe characterized peptidyl hydroxyproline (Hyp) O-galactosyltransferase (HGT), which is the initial enzyme in the arabinogalactan biosynthetic pathway. An in vitro assay of HGT activity was established using chemically synthesized fluorescent peptides as acceptor substrates and extracts from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) T87 cells as a source of crude enzyme. The galactose residue transferred to the peptide could be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses. HGT required a divalent cation of manganese for maximal activity and consumed UDP-d-galactose as a sugar donor. HGT exhibited an optimal pH range of pH 7.0 to 8.0 and an optimal temperature of 35°C. The favorable substrates for the activity seemed to be peptides containing two alternating imino acid residues including at least one acceptor Hyp residue, although a peptide with single Hyp residue without any other imino acids also functioned as a substrate. The results of sucrose density gradient centrifugation revealed that the cellular localization of HGT activity is identical to those of endoplasmic reticulum markers such as Sec61 and Bip, indicating that HGT is predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of HGT, and the data provide evidence that arabinogalactan biosynthesis occurs in the protein transport pathway.
Ustilago maydis Infection Strongly Alters Organic Nitrogen Allocation in Maize and Stimulates Productivity of Systemic Source Leaves
Authors: Horst Robin J. , Doehlemann Gunther , Wahl Ramon , Hofmann Joݶrg , Schmiedl Alfred , Kahmann Regine , Kaݶmper Joݶrg , Sonnewald Uwe , Voll Lars M. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
The basidiomycete Ustilago maydis is the causal agent of corn smut disease and induces tumor formation during biotrophic growth in its host maize (Zea mays). We have conducted a combined metabolome and transcriptome survey of infected leaves between 1 d post infection (dpi) and 8 dpi, representing infected leaf primordia and fully developed tumors, respectively. At 4 and 8 dpi, we observed a substantial increase in contents of the nitrogen-rich amino acids glutamine and asparagine, while the activities of enzymes involved in primary nitrogen assimilation and the content of ammonia and nitrate were reduced by 50% in tumors compared with mock controls. Employing stable isotope labeling, we could demonstrate that U. maydis-induced tumors show a reduced assimilation of soil-derived 15NO3 ™ and represent strong sinks for nitrogen. Specific labeling of the free amino acid pool of systemic source leaves with [15N]urea revealed an increased import of organic nitrogen from systemic leaves to tumor tissue, indicating that organic nitrogen provision supports the formation of U. maydis-induced tumors. In turn, amino acid export from systemic source leaves was doubled in infected plants. The analysis of the phloem amino acid pool revealed that glutamine and asparagine are not transported to the tumor tissue, although these two amino acids were found to accumulate within the tumor. Photosynthesis was increased and senescence was delayed in systemic source leaves upon tumor development on infected plants, indicating that the elevated sink demand for nitrogen could determine photosynthetic rates in source leaves.
Large-Scale Phosphoprotein Analysis inMedicago truncatulaRoots Provides Insight into in Vivo Kinase Activity in Legumes
Authors: Grimsrud Paul A. , den Os Deݩsireݩe , Wenger Craig D. , Swaney Danielle L. , Schwartz Daniel , Sussman Michael R. , Aneݩ Jean-Michel , Coon Joshua J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNitrogen fixation in legumes requires the development of root organs called nodules and their infection by symbiotic rhizobia. Over the last decade, Medicago truncatula has emerged as a major model plant for the analysis of plant-microbe symbioses and for addressing questions pertaining to legume biology. While the initiation of symbiosis and the development of nitrogen-fixing root nodules depend on the activation of a protein phosphorylation-mediated signal transduction cascade in response to symbiotic signals produced by the rhizobia, few sites of in vivo phosphorylation have previously been identified in M. truncatula. We have characterized sites of phosphorylation on proteins from M. truncatula roots, from both whole cell lysates and membrane-enriched fractions, using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Here, we report 3,457 unique phosphopeptides spanning 3,404 nonredundant sites of in vivo phosphorylation on 829 proteins in M. truncatula Jemalong A17 roots, identified using the complementary tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation methods electron transfer dissociation and collision-activated dissociation. With this being, to our knowledge, the first large-scale plant phosphoproteomic study to utilize electron transfer dissociation, analysis of the identified phosphorylation sites revealed phosphorylation motifs not previously observed in plants. Furthermore, several of the phosphorylation motifs, including LxKxxs and RxxSxxxs, have yet to be reported as kinase specificities for in vivo substrates in any species, to our knowledge. Multiple sites of phosphorylation were identified on several key proteins involved in initiating rhizobial symbiosis, including SICKLE, NUCLEOPORIN133, and INTERACTING PROTEIN OF DMI3. Finally, we used these data to create an open-access online database for M. truncatula phosphoproteomic data.
Altered phenotype of lymphatic endothelial cells induced by highly metastatic OTSCC cells contributed to the lymphatic metastasis of OTSCC cells
Authors: Zhuang Zhang , Jian Pan , Longjiang Li , Bo Han , Wenlin Xiao 
Published: November 2009

(Cancer Sci 2010; 101: 686–692)The lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) is an interactive surface for cancer cells. This article aims to explore cancer cell‐induced changes of LEC, and study the tumor–lymphatic endothelium interaction. Here, LECs were co‐cultured with highly and poorly metastatic tongue cancer cells. The differences in biologic behaviors and gene expression profiles between them were examined. The results showed that LECs induced by highly metastatic cancer cells displayed abnormal biologic behaviors, and could secrete chemokines to promote the migration of cancer cells. Therefore, biologic properties and functional status of LECs in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) might be a positive factor in lymphatic dissemination.
Consequences of chronic ketamine self‐administration upon neurocognitive function and psychological wellbeing: a 1‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Morgan Celia J. A. , Muetzelfeldt Leslie , Curran H. Valerie 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTBackground  ‘Recreational’ use of ketamine is spreading rapidly among young people. In healthy individuals an acute dose of the N‐methyl D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine induces marked psychosis‐like effects and cognitive impairments, but little is known about the long‐term effects of the drug.Aims  To evaluate the long‐term neuropsychiatric or cognitive consequences.Methods  A total of 150 individuals were assessed, 30 in each of five groups: frequent ketamine users, infrequent ketamine users, abstinent users, polydrug controls and non‐users of illicit drugs. Twelve months later, 80% of these individuals were re‐tested.Results  Cognitive deficits were mainly observed only in frequent users. In this group, increasing ketamine use over the year was correlated with decreasing performance on spatial working memory and pattern recognition memory tasks. Assessments of psychological wellbeing showed greater dissociative symptoms in frequent users and a dose–response effect on delusional symptoms, with frequent users scoring higher than infrequent, abstinent users and non‐users, respectively. Both frequent and abstinent using groups showed increased depression scores over the 12 months.Conclusions  These findings imply that heavy use of ketamine is harmful to aspects of both cognitive function and psychological wellbeing. Health education campaigns need to raise awareness among young people and clinicians about these negative consequences of ketamine use.
Correlation between eosinophilic oesophagitis and aeroallergens
Authors: MOAWAD F. J. , VEERAPPAN G. R. , LAKE J. M. , MAYDONOVITCH C. L. , HAYMORE B. R. , KOSISKY S. E. , WONG R. K. H. 
Published: November 2009

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 509–515SummaryBackground  Aeroallergens have been implicated in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic oesophagitis.Aim  To determine whether a seasonal variation exists in the diagnoses of eosinophilic oesophagitis and whether there is a correlation with seasonal pollen count.Methods  A retrospective review was performed from January 2006 to November 2008 to identify eosinophilic oesophagitis patients. Cases were classified by endoscopic date. Daily pollen counts for grass, trees and weeds were obtained from a certified counting station. Per cent of eosinophilic oesophagitis cases were collated seasonally and compared with mean pollen counts for grass, trees and weeds during the same time period.Results  A total of 127 eosinophilic oesophagitis cases were identified (median age 41, range 19–92 years, 84% men). The highest percentage of cases (33.0%; Binomial P = 0.022) was diagnosed in the spring, while the least percentage (16%; Binomial P = 0.0.010) occurred in the winter. There was a significant association between per cent eosinophilic oesophagitis cases diagnosed seasonally and mean grass pollen count (rs = 1.000, P < 0.01), but not with trees (rs = 0.400, P = 0.600) or weeds (rs = 0.800, P = 0.200).Conclusions  A seasonal variation was seen in the diagnosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis which correlated with pollen counts. These findings have important implications regarding the pathogenesis of eosinophilic oesophagitis, suggesting a potential role for aeroallergens.