bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient multiscale spatial attention3Dabdominal multiorgan segmentation model
Authors: Yan Chenxi , Hou Huimin , Shen Tongtong , Xu Huafei , Zhai Chen , Zheng Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAccurate and efficient 3D medical image segmentation models are critical for clinical applications. However, many models which performed well in recent years have consumed significant computational cost, especially those based on self‐attention. For more efficient and accurate segmentation of medical 3D images, we develop an efficient multiscale spatial attention model for 3D abdominal multiorgan segmentation. We use 1D and 2D kernels in the encoder and decoder modules to simulate 3D kernels to reduce the number of parameters and computational cost. Furthermore, we use the lightweight spatial attention and mixed pooling module to capture cross‐dimensional information, multiscale features, and long‐range contextual information. We achieved a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 89.86 and a Normalized Surface Dice (NSD) of 78.2 on the FLARE dataset with only 1183 M GPU memory usage, 9 M parameters, and 193G floating point operations(FLOPs).
Women in dental education and their desire to lead: A follow‐up
Authors: Wendland Meghan E. , Gadbury‐Amyot Cynthia C. , Van Ness Christopher J. , Haas Steven E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide a follow‐up to the 2015 national survey of women in dental education to re‐examine factors and perceived barriers to pursuing administrative and leadership roles. At the beginning of 2023, a survey was administered to full‐time women faculty in predoctoral dental programs in the United States. The survey instrument employed a structured format along with open‐ended questions to capture qualitative data. The overall response rate was 26% (527/1994) and included respondents from fifty‐five of the sixty‐seven dental schools contacted. Half of respondents indicated holding an administrative position and 20% reported administration as their primary appointment. There was a significant increase in the number of women holding a leadership role in 2023 (76%) compared to 2015 (53%). Those seeking a leadership position in 2023 were less likely to have participated in leadership training (p<0.01) and less likely to have previously sought an administrative position (p>0.01). Women in leadership and administrative roles were more likely to indicate receiving extra compensation for administrative duties (p<0.01) and a desire for higher rank (p = 0.04) compared to 2015, but perceptions persist among the majority of respondents (71%) that women are not being compensated equally to their male counterparts. Respondents highlighted the negative impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on career advancement and the positive culture changes that have contributed to greater workplace flexibility. Overall, respondents sent a resounding message that women in dental education need structural change to achieve success: pay equity, mentorship, and inclusive and supportive work environments.
The power of coaching: Developing leaders and beyond
Authors: Horvath Zsuzsa , Wilder Rebecca S , Guthmiller Janet M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, the application of coaching for career development and supporting faculty in leadership roles has greatly expanded in higher education. Coaching can offer transformational and life‐changing experiences, inspire critical reflection in early career decisions, and (re)ignite passion and commitment at all career stages. While coaching focuses on transforming individuals, it also has the potential to impact organizations and professional environments. The power of coaching deserves appropriate recognition within dental education and scholarship. In this article, the authors discuss the potential for career coaching as a tool for developing future leaders in dental education. After differentiating between coaching and mentoring, coaching for professional development is reviewed as an evidence‐based approach that can enhance traditional leadership and professional development programs. Although this article was inspired by programming supporting the development of female leaders, coaching applies to all leaders and may be particularly helpful in supporting the development of diverse leaders including but not limited to individuals from different backgrounds, national origins, gender, racial, socioeconomic, and cultural distinctions. After a review of existing coaching initiatives in dental education, a variety of coaching strategies for faculty, staff, and trainees will be described that can be implemented by oral health educational institutions. Examples of coaching strategies range from developing internal coaching programs to contractual agreements with external coaching groups. Step‐by‐step guidelines are included.
Pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, and oral and maxillofacial surgery residents’ stress, career satisfaction, and gender‐based discrimination/harassment
Authors: Inglehart Marita R. , Marti Kyriaki C. , LeBlanc Madison Jocelyn , Bak Sun‐Yung , Boynton James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesDental residents experience high stress in their demanding programs and gender‐based harassment/discrimination can contribute to their stress. The objectives were to compare stress, satisfaction, experienced sexual harassment and observed discrimination of women in dental graduate programs with high, medium, and low percentages of women and to explore relationships between these constructs of interest.MethodsNote that, 112 pediatric dentistry (PD), 44 prosthodontics, and 56 oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residents responded to a survey.ResultsPD residents had the lowest personal life‐related stress (4‐point scale with 4 = very stressful: PD = 2.99/P = 3.67/OMS = 3.56; p < 0.001), faculty‐related stress (2.68/3.66/3.03; p < 0.001), lack of confidence‐related stress (2.79/3.31/2.96; p < 0.01) and academic stress (2.65/3.24/3.02; p < 0.001), while prosthodontics residents had the highest stress levels. The average frequency of experiencing sexual harassment was highest for OMS residents and lowest for PD residents (5‐point scale with 1 = never: 1.15/2.62/2.74; p < 0.001). PD residents observed least and OMS residents most frequently that female residents were treated less positively by other residents because of their gender (1.59/2.57/3.00; p < 0.001). Prosthodontics residents had the lowest job satisfaction score (5‐point scale with 1 = lowest satisfaction: 4.12/3.14/4.20; p < 0.001). The more frequently male and female residents experienced sexual harassment, the higher their personal life‐related stress, faculty‐related stress, lack of confidence‐related stress, and academic stress, and the lower their career satisfaction, specialty content satisfaction, and stress‐related satisfaction. Women's frequencies of observed gender‐based discrimination were associated with higher stress and lower satisfaction, while men's frequencies of these observations were not associated with stress, but associated with increased satisfaction.ConclusionsDental residents’ stress, career satisfaction, experienced sexual harassment, and observed discrimination of women residents differ depending on the dental specialty program. Both male and female residents report more stress and less satisfaction the more they experience sexual harassment. The more women observe discrimination of women, the more stressed and the less satisfied they are. For men, the frequencies of these observations are not associated with stress, but positively associated with increased satisfaction.
Genetically predicted blood metabolites mediate the association between circulating immune cells and pancreatic cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhao Guo , Cai Yuanting , Wang Yuning , Fang Yuan , Wang Shuhang , Li Ning 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic cancer is characterized by metabolic dysregulation and unique immunological profiles. Nevertheless, the comprehensive understanding of immune and metabolic dysregulation of pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the causal relationship of circulating immune cells and pancreatic cancer and identify the blood metabolites as potential mediators.MethodsThe exposure and outcome genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) data used in the present study were obtained from the GWAS open‐access database (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk). The study used 731 circulating immune cell features, 1400 types of blood metabolites and pancreatic cancer from GWAS. We then performed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the causal relationships between the circulating immune cells and pancreatic cancer, and two‐step MR to discover potential mediating blood metabolites in this process. All statistical analyses were performed in R software. The STROBE‐MR (i.e. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology using Mendelian Randomization) checklist for the reporting of MR studies was also used.ResultsMR analysis identified seven types of circulating immune cells causally associated with pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, there was no strong evidence that genetically predicted pancreatic cancer had an effect on these seven types of circulating immune cells. Further two‐step MR analysis found 10 types of blood metabolites were causally associated with pancreatic cancer and the associations between circulating CD39+CD8+ T cells and pancreatic cancer were mediated by blood orotates with proportions of 5.18% (p = 0.016).ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between various circulating immune cells, especially CD39+CD8+ T cells, and pancreatic cancer, with a potential effect mediated by blood orotates. Further research is needed on additional risk factors as potential mediators and establish a comprehensive immunity‐metabolism network in pancreatic cancer.
Design of a planar microstrip antenna with wide bandwidth and omnidirectional radiation patterns using tightly coupled structures
Authors: Rui Wang , Jinghui Qiu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA wideband planar microstrip antenna with good horizontally polarized omnidirectional radiation performance is presented. Using tightly coupled structures, six planar dipole elements are deployed in a circular pattern, and radiation is synthesized into a horizontal omnidirectional radiation pattern by superposing the far‐field pattern of the six dipoles. Owing to the tight coupling between radiating elements, the proposed antenna has a wide operating band. The radiating elements are printed on a printed circuit board and excited by a balun with uniform magnitude and synchronized current. A prototype is manufactured and measured. The measurement results show that the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 102. The gain variation of the horizontal omnidirectional pattern is less than 1.2 dB in the 1.27–3.89 GHz band. Within the operating frequency band, the total efficiency and radiation efficiency are greater than 82% and 88%, respectively. The diameter of the antenna is 0.48, where is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the operating band.
Points of interest linear attention network for real‐time non‐rigid liver volume to surface registration
Authors: Chen Zeming , Zou Beiji , Kui Xiaoyan , Shi Yangyang , Lv Ding , Chen Liming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn laparoscopic liver surgery, accurately predicting the displacement of key intrahepatic anatomical structures is crucial for informing the doctor's intraoperative decision‐making. However, due to the constrained surgical perspective, only a partial surface of the liver is typically visible. Consequently, the utilization of non‐rigid volume to surface registration methods becomes essential. But traditional registration methods lack the necessary accuracy and cannot meet real‐time requirements.PurposeTo achieve high‐precision liver registration with only partial surface information and estimate the displacement of internal liver tissues in real‐time.MethodsWe propose a novel neural network architecture tailored for real‐time non‐rigid liver volume to surface registration. The network utilizes a voxel‐based method, integrating sparse convolution with the newly proposed points of interest (POI) linear attention module. POI linear attention module specifically calculates attention on the previously extracted POI. Additionally, we identified the most suitable normalization method RMSINorm.ResultsWe evaluated our proposed network and other networks on a dataset generated from real liver models and two real datasets. Our method achieves an average error of 4.23 mm and a mean frame rate of 65.4 fps in the generation dataset. It also achieves an average error of 8.29 mm in the human breathing motion dataset.ConclusionsOur network outperforms CNN‐based networks and other attention networks in terms of accuracy and inference speed.
Exploring experimental and finite element analysis to examine nano zinc oxide as a replacement for rubber‐grade zinc oxide in passenger car tire bead filler compounds
Authors: Banerjee Koushik , Das Debraj , Basak Sayan , Chanda Jagannath , Ghosh Prasenjit , Bhattacharyya Sanjay Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe investigation demonstrates the potential of nano zinc oxide as a substitute for conventional rubber grade zinc oxide in the bead filler compound of passenger car tires, aimed at reducing heat generation while preserving mechanical and reinforcement properties. Experimentation showed that introducing nano zinc oxide increased compound viscosity, indicating enhanced filler networking. Cure rates accelerated due to the higher surface area of nano zinc oxides, while the Payne effect indicated improved dispersion levels in experimental compounds. Notably, the variant with four parts per hundred rubber of nano zinc oxide exhibited mechanical properties akin to the control, alongside a 28% reduction in tan δ and improvements in hysteresis loss ratio and specific heat values. Morphological analysis confirmed superior dispersion in experimental compounds. Finite element analysis demonstrated decreased temperature generation and a reduced percentage contribution of the bead filler to overall heat energy in tires, leading to a 3% drop in rolling resistance. These findings suggest that nano zinc oxide can effectively replace conventional zinc oxide, enhancing fuel economy in tires, thereby offering a green initiative to reduce fuel consumption in passenger car radial tires through improved hysteresis at the bead area via bead filler compound modification.Highlights
Nano zinc oxide replaces rubber grade zinc oxide reducing heat generation.
Nano zinc oxide improves compound viscosity, enhancing filler networking.
Variant with four parts per hundred rubber of nano zinc oxide matches control's mechanics, with 28% lower tan δ.
Morphological analysis confirms dispersion, coupled with aggregation.
Simulation shows lower temperature generation and 3% less rolling resistance.
Tailoring data assimilation to discontinuous Galerkin models
Authors: Pasmans Ivo , Chen Yumeng , Carrassi Alberto , Jones Chris K. R. T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods have received increased interest from the geophysical community. In these methods the solution in each grid cell is approximated as a linear combination of basis functions. Ensemble data assimilation (DA) aims to approximate the true state by combining model outputs with observations using error statistics estimated from an ensemble of model runs. Ensemble data assimilation in geophysical models faces several well‐documented issues. In this work we exploit the expansion of the solution in DG basis functions to address some of these issues. Specifically, it is investigated whether a DA–DG combination (a) mitigates the need for observation thinning, (b) reduces errors in the field's gradients, and (c) can be used to set up scale‐dependent localisation. Numerical experiments are carried out using stochastically generated ensembles of model states, with different noise properties, and with Legendre polynomials as basis functions. It is found that strong reduction in the analysis error is achieved by using DA–DG and that the benefit increases with increasing DG order. This is especially the case when small scales dominate the background error. The DA improvement in the first derivative is, on the other hand, marginal. We think this to be a counter‐effect of the power of DG to fit the observations closely, which can deteriorate the estimates of the derivatives. Applying optimal localisation to the different polynomial orders, thus exploiting their different spatial length, is beneficial: it results in a covariance matrix closer to the true covariance than the matrix obtained using traditional optimal localisation in state space.
Synthesis and Assembly of Photoresponsive Colloidal Tubes
Authors: Qin Lulu , Wang Huaguang , Zhang Zexin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractInspired by the sophisticated multicomponent and multistage assembly of proteins and their mixtures in living cells, this study rationally designs and fabricates photoresponsive colloidal tubes that can self‐assemble and hybrid‐assemble when mixed with colloidal spheres and rods. Time‐resolved observation and computer simulation reveal that the assembly is driven by phoretic attraction originating from osmotic pressures. These pressures are induced by the chemical concentration gradients generated by the photochemical reaction caused by colloidal tubes in a H2O2 solution under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The assembled structure is dictated by the size and shape of the constituent colloids as well as the intensity of the UV irradiation. Additionally, the resulting assembly can undergo self‐propelled motion originating from the broken symmetry of the surrounding concentration gradients. This motion can be steered by a magnetic field and used for microscale cargo delivery. The study demonstrates a facile synthesis method for colloidal tubes and highlights their unique potential for controlled, hierarchical self‐assembly and hybrid‐assembly.
Risk factors for recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after pathological complete response to neoadjuvant therapy followed by esophagectomy
Authors: Hirohata Ryosuke , Hamai Yoichi , Emi Manabu , Ibuki Yuta , Kurokawa Tomoaki , Ohsawa Manato , Kitasaki Nao , Okada Morihito 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrognosis of patients who achieve pathological complete response (pCR) with neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is better than that of non‐pCR patients. Currently, there is no indication for adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy after achieving pCR. However, recurrence risk after pCR is reportedly 10%–20% with a poor prognosis. Therefore, we investigated the preoperative risk factors for recurrence in patients with pCR.MethodsWe analyzed 56 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and were histologically diagnosed with pCR. Preoperative factors were compared between patients with and without recurrence to identify the risk factors.ResultsForty‐eight patients who achieved pCR received NACRT and 8 received NAC. Ten patients who experienced recurrence (17.9%) had undergone NACRT. The cN2 lesions were more frequent, and pre‐NAT blood hemoglobin (Hb) was lower in the recurrence group. In addition, the pre‐NAT cross‐sectional area (CSA) product of the major and minor diameters of the primary tumor before NAT was significantly higher in recurrent cases (p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis, including the cTNM stage, pre‐NAT Hb, and pre‐NAT CSA, identified high pre‐NAT CSA as the only risk factor for recurrence (odds ratio 11.6, 95% confidence interval 1.3–104.1, and p = 0.028). Cox regression analysis of recurrence‐free and overall survival identified only high pre‐NAT CSA as a prognostic factor.ConclusionsThe recurrence risk is relatively high even in patients who achieve pCR after NAT. High pre‐NAT CSA of the primary tumor is a risk factor for recurrence necessitating close surveillance.
Bringing Policy to Light: Implementation Challenges for Mozambique’s Off-Grid Policy Regulation
Authors: Howe Lorraine , Shenga Carlos , Cuvilas Carlos Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn 2021, Mozambique approved a new regulation for access to energy in off-grid areas (Decree 93/2021) in December 2021. This chapter explores how the implementation of the regulation creates opportunities and challenges for the uptake of off-grid energy projects in Mozambique and the extent to which the new energy policy contexts facilitate the development of community energy projects.The chapter analysis combines a policy analysis of the regulatory landscape and key informant interviews with energy operators conducted in 2022 in the wake of the adoption of the new regulation. The regulation sets the foundation for off-grid energy uptake through increased confidence and investment in both the off-grid energy market and government institutions. However, challenges remain, such as the transparency of roles and responsibilities of key government institutions and having appropriate resource mechanisms in place—e.g., financial incentives or human capital, to facilitate the regulation’s implementation.
Corrosion Processes of Steel-Hulled Potentially Polluting Wrecks
Authors: Glover Robert 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSubmerged metals are continuously affected by the chemical processes of corrosion, the destructive degradation of metal by chemical or electrochemical reactions within the marine environment (Valenca et al., 2022:2–3; Venugopal, 1994:35). Over time, metal ions at anodic sites defuse into electrolytic solutions from the oxidising reactions occurring at cathodic sites, causing the creation of corrosion byproducts, like rust on iron, and the loss of structural mass. The different reduction reactions in the microstructures of alloys and the imperfections found within refined materials, like carbon slag in steel, are targeted by this process, essentially reverting the chemically unstable materials back to their more stable original forms (Moore III, 2015:192; MacLeod 2016:90–92). The deterioration of metallic shipwreck hulls has become a growing concern within the field of marine conservation as many of the fuel tankers deliberately targeted in WWII threaten to release trapped fuel and chemical cargoes after nearly eight decades of exposure to a range of corrosive environments (Barrett, 2011:4–5). With the deterioration rate of ship hulls averaging at around ±0.1–0.4 mm of loss per year and the thickness of ship deck plates from the 1940s to the 1960s ranging generally from 1–4 cm in thickness, the window to act on the majority of potentially polluting shipwrecks (PPW) before a catastrophic breach occurs is closing (MacLeod, 2016a:8; Beldowski, 2018:249; Masetti, 2012:33; Masetti & Calder, 2014:139).
Managing Potentially Polluting Wrecks in the United Kingdom
Authors: Hill Polly Georgiana , Skelhorn Matthew , Goodsir Freya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe battleship HMS Royal Oak was at anchor in Scapa Flow in Orkney when, in the early hours of 14th October 1939, the German submarine U-47 entered the harbour and fired a salvo of torpedoes at Royal Oak’s port side. U-47 then repositioned itself at close range and fired a further three torpedoes at the starboard side of the ship. The weather had been fair, so all the ship’s hatches were open and consequently it took on water very quickly and sank in just 13 min with the loss of 833 of her crew.