bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Ozone and Other Treatment Modalities for Retained Placenta in Dairy Cows
Authors: Zobel R , Tkalčić S 
Published: May 2012

ContentsRetained placenta is a worldwide recognized clinical condition in puerperal cows, which can significantly affect their health and fertility. Available treatment modalities are often of questionable efficacy or associated with time constraints, practicality or monetary considerations for their wide application in a routine dairy practice. The objective of this study was to compare and assess the efficacy of different treatment options, including a novel ozone treatment, for the retained placenta. Two hundred cows diagnosed with retained placenta were divided into five treatment groups, each receiving a different treatment option. Group A (n = 40) was given a combination treatment of intrauterine ozone and parenteral cephalexin; group B (n = 40) was given intrauterine ozone; group C (n = 40) was given a combination of parenteral cephalexin and intrauterine antibiotic tablets; group D (n = 40) was given only parenteral cephalexin and group E (n = 40) was given parenteral prostaglandins in 11‐day intervals. The control group (group Z, n = 200) included cows that gave birth without assistance and were not diagnosed with a retained placenta. The ozone treatment (groups A and B) was found to be the most effective modality resulting in the shortest period of days open, the smallest number of artificial inseminations until pregnancy, the smallest number of animals diagnosed with fever within 10 days post‐calving, the highest percentage of animals pregnant within 200 days after calving and the smallest number of animals culled because of infertility, when compared to the other treatment groups. The intrauterine ozone flush therefore has a potential as an efficacious and cost‐effective treatment option for retained placenta, with an overall positive effect on puerperal health and fertility in cows.
Quantitative evaluation of anterior chamber parameters using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in primary angle closure mechanisms
Authors: Shabana Noor , Aquino Maria CD , See Jovina , Ce Zheng , Tan Anna M , Nolan Winifred P , Hitchings Roger , Young Stephanie M , Loon Seng Chee , Sng Chelvin C , Wong Wanling , Chew Paul TK 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  To evaluate different mechanisms of primary angle closure and to quantify anterior chamber parameters in these mechanisms using anterior segment optical coherence tomography in an Asian population.Design:  Hospital‐based cross‐sectional observational study.Participants:  Forty‐eight consecutive patients with primary angle closure glaucoma.Methods:  Patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination and imaging of nasal‐temporal angles with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Images were categorized into four primary angle closure mechanisms: pupil block, plateau iris configuration, Thick peripheral iris roll and exaggerated lens vault. Parameters computed: anterior chamber depth central, anterior chamber depth at 1000 µm and 2000 µm anterior to scleral spur, lens vault, anterior chamber area, angle opening distance, trabecular iris space area and iris thickness.Main Outcome Measure:  Anterior chamber parameters and primary angle closure mechanisms.Results:  Mean values of anterior chamber depths: central (P < 0.001), at 2000 µm (P < 0.001), 1000 µm (P < 0.001), lens vault (P < 0.001), anterior chamber area (P < 0.001), were significantly different among the four groups. Multivariate analysis showed anterior chamber depths: central, and anterior chamber depth at 2000 µm and anterior chamber area were higher in plateau iris and Thick peripheral iris roll and lower in exaggerated lens vault (P < 0.001) as compared to pupil block mechanism, lens vault was greater in exaggerated lens vault (P < 0.001) and lesser in plateau iris and Thick peripheral iris roll as compared to pupil block mechanism.Conclusion:  Anterior segment optical coherence tomography may be used for evaluation of underlying primary angle closure mechanism(s) in a patient and tailor the treatment accordingly.
Correlation of structural retinal nerve fibre layer parameters and functional measures using Heidelberg Retinal Tomography and Spectralis spectral domain optical coherence tomography at different levels of glaucoma severity
Authors: Leaney John , Healey Paul R , Lee Martin , Graham Stuart L 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  To compare the structure/function relationship in glaucoma cases at different levels of severity, and with different disc sizes, between the Heidelberg Retinal Tomography and Spectralis spectral domain optical coherence tomography.Design:  Retrospective study of glaucoma patients attending a Sydney‐based private practice.Participants:  169 eyes of 169 patients with a clinical diagnosis of glaucoma.Methods:  Patients were divided on visual field criteria into early (mean deviation > –4 dB), moderate (–4 dB < mean deviation < –10 dB) and severe (mean deviation < –10 dB) disease. Bivariate correlation (Spearman's rho) between mean threshold scores for each area and the corresponding mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness sectoral measurement were calculated.Main Outcome Measures:  Correlation, as measured by Spearman's rho, between retinal nerve fibre layer measurements and mean threshold scores. Comparison of correlation strengths between the two scanning modalities with analysis of the effect of disease severity and disc size.Results:  Both imaging techniques showed only moderate correlations at best. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (global retinal nerve fibre layer Spearman's rho = 0.670, P < 0.01) had higher correlation coefficients compared with Heidelberg Retinal Tomography rim area (Spearman's rho = 0.449, P < 0.01) and retinal nerve fibre layer (Spearman's rho = 0.421, P < 0.01). Disc size did not have a significant influence on the structure/function relationship.Conclusions:  Spectral domain optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fibre layer measurements demonstrated closer correlations to visual field threshold reductions using a structure/function model in varying stages of glaucoma.
Ocular rigidity: biomechanical role, in vivo measurements and clinical significance
Authors: Detorakis Efstathios T , Pallikaris Ioannis G 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOcular rigidity (OR) refers to the relationship between pressure and volume changes in the eyeball. Since the description of the differential tonometry method for the calculation of an OR coefficient by Friedenwald, several other methodologies have been proposed to measure OR, including the anterior chamber manometry, axial length (AL) changes, measurement of pulse amplitude and fundus pulse, ultrasound elastography and evaluation of corneal hysteresis. However, most of these methodologies suffer from deficiencies, such as invasive nature, poor accuracy or reproducibility or technical complexity. Nevertheless, it is possible that OR affects the pathogenesis and clinical course of a variety of ocular conditions, including glaucoma, age‐related macular degeneration, presbyopia, corneal changes following refractive surgery as well as the accuracy of IOP measurements by many tonometers. Thus, the future development of non‐invasive and easy‐to‐use methodologies for the accurate measurement of OR in the every‐day practice would be clinically important.
Accuracy of intraocular lens power calculations in eyes with axial length <22.00 mm
Authors: Day Alexander C , Foster Paul J , Stevens Julian D 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  To assess the accuracy of Haigis, Holladay 1, Hoffer Q and SRK/T formulae in eyes with axial length of <22.00 mm.Design:  Retrospective comparative analysis.Participants:  163 eyes of 97 patients undergoing phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.Methods:  Ocular biometry was performed using IOLMaster laser interferometry. Predicted refractive outcomes before and after lens constant adjustment were compared to actual refractive outcomes.Main Outcome Measures:  Mean prediction (ME) and mean absolute errors (MAE) with standard deviations (±SD).Results:  Mean preoperative spherical equivalent was +5.44D ± 1.97D. Mean axial length was 21.20 mm ± 0.60 mm. Using standard IOL constants the MAE for Hoffer Q (0.62D, ±0.52D) and Holladay 1 (0.66D ± 0.52D) were significantly lower than SRK/T (MAE 0.91D ± 0.64D; P = <0.0005 and P = 0.001 respectively), but not Haigis (MAE 0.82D ± 0.83D, P = 0.071 and 0.22 respectively). MAEs for all formulae were significantly reduced by IOL constant adjustment (all P = <0.001). Following this there was no statistically significant difference in MAEs between formulae (range 0.50–0.57D, P = 0.57). Increasing MAE was significantly associated with reducing axial length and increasing IOL power for all formulae. For bilateral cases, prediction errors between eyes were significantly correlated across all formulae (all P = <0.0001) and explained 32–42% of the variance in prediction error between eyes.Conclusions:  Prediction of postoperative refraction in patients with short axial lengths is challenging and at the limit of current, popular IOL formulae. There is now a clear need for prospective studies to assess latest generation IOL formulae such as Holladay 2 or Olsen in small eyes.
Effect of cediranib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in a mouse model of choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Kang Seungbum , Park Ki Cheol , Yang Keum‐Jin , Choi Hyun‐Su , Kim So‐Hee , Roh Young‐Jung 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cediranib, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in a mouse model of laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization.Methods:  Choroidal neovascularization was induced in C57BL/6 mice by rupturing Bruch's membrane using laser photocoagulation. Following laser injury, the mice were divided into three groups and administered either vehicle, 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg of cediranib daily by oral gavage for 2 weeks. Two weeks after laser injury, the area of choroidal neovascularization lesions was measured by choroidal flat mounts using fluorescein‐labelled dextran. Immunofluorescence staining with isolectin IB4 was also used to quantify the choroidal neovascularization lesions.Results:  Choroidal flat mount analysis revealed that orally administered cediranib reduced the extent of choroidal neovascularization. The groups treated with 1 and 5 mg/kg/day showed 57.2 and 66.0% reduction of choroidal neovascularization lesions, respectively, compared with the control group treated with vehicle alone (P = 0.012). The size of the fluorescently labelled choroidal neovascularization complex in cediranib‐treated groups was much smaller than that from vehicle‐treated group (P = 0.035).Conclusions:  Cediranib inhibited laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization in mice and may have therapeutic potential for patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration.
Keratometry obtained by corneal mapping versus the IOLMaster in the prediction of postoperative refraction in routine cataract surgery
Authors: Dulku Simon , Smith Henry B , Antcliff Richard J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  To establish whether simulated keratometry values obtained by corneal mapping (videokeratography) would provide a superior refractive outcome to those obtained by Zeiss IOLMaster (partial coherence interferometry) in routine cataract surgery.Design:  Prospective, non‐randomized, single‐surgeon study set at the The Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK, District General Hospital.Participants:  Thirty‐three patients undergoing routine cataract surgery in the absence of significant ocular comorbidity.Methods:  Conventional biometry was recorded using the Zeiss IOLMaster. Postoperative refraction was calculated using the SRK/T formula and the most appropriate power of lens implanted. Preoperative keratometry values were also obtained using Humphrey Instruments Atlas Version A6 corneal mapping.Main Outcome Measures:  Achieved refraction was compared with predicted refraction for the two methods of keratometry after the A‐constants were optimized to obtain a mean arithmetic error of zero dioptres for each device.Results:  The mean absolute prediction error was 0.39 dioptres (standard deviation 0.29) for IOLMaster and 0.48 dioptres (standard deviation 0.31) for corneal mapping (P = 0.0015). Keratometry readings between the devices were highly correlated by Spearman correlation (0.97). The Bland–Altman plot demonstrated close agreement between keratometers, with a bias of 0.0079 dioptres and 95% limits of agreement of −0.48–0.49 dioptres.Conclusions:  The IOLMaster was superior to Humphrey Atlas A6 corneal mapping in the prediction of postoperative refraction. This difference could not have been predicted from the keratometry readings alone. When comparing biometry devices, close agreement between readings should not be considered a substitute for actual postoperative refraction data.
Incidence of visual impairment due to cataract, diabetic retinopathy and trachoma in indigenous Australians within central Australia: the Central Australian Ocular Health Study
Authors: Landers John , Henderson Tim , Craig Jamie E 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  To estimate the incidence and causes of visual impairment for the purposes of service provision among the indigenous Australian population within central Australia from its most common causes, namely cataract, diabetic retinopathy and trachoma.Design:  Clinic‐based cohort study.Participants:  One thousand eight hundred eighty four individuals aged ≥20 years living in one of 30 remote communities within the statistical local area of ‘Central Australia’.Methods:  From those initially recruited, 608 (32%) participants were reviewed again between 6 months and 3 years (median 2 years). Patients underwent Snellen visual acuity testing and subjective refraction. Following this, an assessment of their anterior and posterior segments was made. Baseline results were compared with those who were reviewed.Main Outcome Measures:  The annual incidence rates and causes of visual impairment (vision worse than Snellen visual acuity 6/12 in at least one eye).Results:  The incidence of visual impairment in at least one eye was 6.6%, 1.2% and 0.7% per year for cataract, diabetic retinopathy and trachoma, respectively (7.9%, 1.5% and 0.7% per year for those aged ≥40 years). Advancing age was the main risk factor common to all three.Conclusion:  It is important to be mindful not only of the prevalence of disease in a community but also of the rate at which new cases are occurring when allocating resources to address the ocular health needs of this region. Compared with historical data, diabetic retinopathy is emerging as a new and increasing threat to vision in this population.
Characterization of lacrimal sac histology: an immunohistochemical study
Authors: Gupta Aanchal , Prabhakaran Venkatesh C , Dodd Tom , Selva Dinesh 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  A prospective observational study in a university hospital setting to study the immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics of non‐neoplastic human lacrimal sac epithelium.Methods:  Twenty paraffin‐embedded specimens of human lacrimal sac were studied using monospecific monoclonal antibodies to 34 beta E12, cell adhesion molecule (CAM 5.2), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), cytokeratins (CK) 7 and 20, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. The distribution and histologic location of IHC staining were examined qualitatively, and the IHC stains scored as positive (+) or negative (−).Results:  The haematoxylin–eosin stains were reviewed for tissue morphology. All 20 specimens were positive for 34 beta E12, CAM 5.2, EMA and CK 7 and negative for CK 20, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor.Conclusion:  To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the IHC properties of human lacrimal sac epithelium. This epithelium appears to possess consistent IHC properties as it stains for 34 beta E12, CAM 5.2, EMA and CK 7 and this information would be potentially useful in differentiating tumours arising in the region of the lacrimal sac.
Vegetal polymer in repair of defects of the orbital floor: an experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Schellini Silvana A , Nunes Elifas L , Pellizzon Claudia H , Hirai Flavio E , C Schellini Ricardo , Padovani Carlos R 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  An experimental study was done to assess the ability of the vegetal polymer miniplates and screws to repair defects of the orbital floor.Methods:  An artificial standard‐sized defect was created in the bony floor of right orbit of 45 albino rabbits. The animals were divided into three experimental groups: control group (G1) involving animals with orbital floor defect and no treatment; titanium group (G2) containing animals with orbital floor defect repaired by titanium miniplates and screws; vegetal polymer group (G3) composed of animals with similar orbital floor defects repaired by vegetal polymer miniplates and screws. Throughout the course of the experiment, the animals were clinically evaluated. At 15, 30 and 60 days after surgery, the animals were killed. They were X‐rayed immediately after the floor defect and at the moment of sacrifice. Histological and morphometric evaluation of inflammatory reaction and bone healing was done. Data were statistically evaluated.Results:  No implants were extruded. Bone consolidation was similar in G2 and G3 and better than in G1 group animals. Inflammatory reaction was most pronounced in animals of G3 15 days after surgery, and it subsided over time.Conclusion:  Vegetal polymer miniplates and screws induces small inflammatory reaction and had the ability to stimulate bone growth with good integration in the orbital floor defect allowing to consider the vegetal polymer adequate option to treat orbital floor defects. Future studies involving long‐term follow‐up and biomechanical tests to evaluate material resistance to traction are needed.
Patient satisfaction with topical ocular hypotensives
Authors: Kerr Nathan M , Patel Hussain Y , Chew Shenton SL , Ali Noor Q , Eady Elizabeth K , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study is to assess patient satisfaction, convenience of use, ease of administration, side effects and treatment burden of topical ocular hypotensives.Design:  Prospective, observational cohort.Participants:  Two thousand five hundred and forty‐one patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.Methods:  The Treatment Impact Patient Satisfaction Scale (TIPSS) was administered by mail to all patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension registered with Glaucoma New Zealand during a 3‐month study period. The questionnaire assessed patient demographics; topical ocular hypotensive use including number of medications, frequency of administration, ease of use, class of medication, and presence/severity of side effects; impact on quality of life; and patient satisfaction. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify determinants of patient satisfaction.Main Outcome Measures:  Patient satisfaction.Results:  Almost 80% of respondents were either ‘very satisfied’ or ‘satisfied’ with topical ocular hypotensives. Factors that were predictive of patient satisfaction included satisfaction with frequency of eye drop use {odds ratio (OR) 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–3.1); P < 0.001}, subjective convenience (OR 2.6 [95% CI 2.0–3.4]; P < 0.001) and ease of administration (OR 2.5 [95% CI 2.0–3.3]; P < 0.001). Male gender was associated with lower satisfaction (OR 0.6 [95% CI 0.5–0.9]; P = 0.01). Factors that were not predictive of patient satisfaction included age, duration of eye drop use, class of medication and the presence of side effects.Conclusions:  Patients with glaucoma and ocular hypotension are satisfied with topical ocular hypotensives. Efforts to improve patient satisfaction should focus on convenience and ease of administration.
Computational molecular phenotyping of retinal sheet transplants to rats with retinal degeneration
Authors: Seiler M. J. , Jones B. W. , Aramant R. B. , Yang P. B. , Keirstead H. S. , Marc R. E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRetinal progenitor sheet transplants have been shown to extend neuronal processes into a degenerating host retina and to restore visual responses in the brain. The aim of this study was to identify cells involved in transplant signals to retinal degenerate hosts using computational molecular phenotyping (CMP). S334ter line 3 rats received fetal retinal sheet transplants at the age of 24–40 days. Donor tissues were incubated with slow‐releasing microspheres containing brain‐derived neurotrophic factor or glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor. Up to 265 days after surgery, eyes of selected rats were vibratome‐sectioned through the transplant area (some slices stained for donor marker human placental alkaline phosphatase), dehydrated and embedded in Eponate, sectioned into serial ultrathin datasets and probed for rhodopsin, cone opsin, CRALBP (cellular retinaldehyde binding protein), l‐glutamate, l‐glutamine, glutathione, glycine, taurine, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and DAPI (4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole). In large transplant areas, photoreceptor outer segments in contact with host retinal pigment epithelium revealed rod and cone opsin immunoreactivity whereas no such staining was found in the degenerate host retina. Transplant photoreceptor layers contained high taurine levels. Glutamate levels in the transplants were higher than in the host retina whereas GABA levels were similar. The transplant inner nuclear layer showed some loss of neurons, but amacrine cells and horizontal cells were not reduced. In many areas, glial hypertrophy between the host and transplant was absent and host and transplant neuropil appeared to intermingle. CMP data indicate that horizontal cells and both glycinergic and GABAergic amacrine cells are involved in a novel circuit between transplant and host, generating alternative signal pathways between transplant and degenerating host retina.
Touching and feeling: differences in pleasant touch processing between glabrous and hairy skin in humans
Authors: McGlone F. , Olausson H. , Boyle J. A. , Jones‐Gotman M. , Dancer C. , Guest S. , Essick G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPrevious functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in two rare patients, together with microneurography and psychophysical observations in healthy subjects, have demonstrated a system of mechanosensitive C‐fiber tactile (CT) afferents sensitive to slowly moving stimuli. They project to the posterior insular cortex and signal pleasant aspects of touch. Importantly, CTs have not been found in the glabrous skin of the hand, yet it is commonly observed that glabrous skin touch is also perceived as pleasant. Here we asked if the brain processing of pleasant touch differs between hairy and glabrous skin by stroking the forearm and glabrous skin of the hand during positron emission tomography. The data showed that, when contrasting slow brush stroking on the forearm with slow brush stroking on the palm, there were significant activations of the posterior insular cortex and mid‐anterior orbitofrontal cortex. The opposite contrast showed a significant activation of the somatosensory cortices. Although concurrent psychophysical ratings showed no differences in intensity or pleasantness ratings, a subsequent touch questionnaire in which subjects used a newly developed ‘touch perception task’ showed significant difference for the two body sites. Emotional descriptors received higher ratings on the forearm and sensory descriptors were rated more highly on the palm. The present findings are consistent with the hypothesis that pleasant touch from hairy skin, mediated by CT afferents, is processed in the limbic‐related cortex and represents an innate non‐learned process. In contrast, pleasant touch from glabrous skin, mediated by A‐beta afferents, is processed in the somatosensory cortex and represents an analytical process dependent on previous tactile experiences.