bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Wertbemessung von Rotlauf‐Immunseren «Dessau» vom Schwein mittels Mäuseschutz‐Test und ELISA
Authors: Dahms Heike , Hagemann G. , Hlinak A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDifferent serological methods were used in determining the valence of red murrain immun sera. By using a grow test it is possible to accomplish an immunological differentiation of the immun sera.The used ELISA was tested in comparison to the conventional mouse protective test (Prigge, 1950) with regard to its valuation of immune sera. Both procedures have been tested on a possible correlation. In almost all cases a correlation between high titres in ELISA and a mouse protective value over 100 I.E. could be proven.The statistical processing of the test results proved an assumed correlation of both procedures.But it is necessary to carry out further research in order to be able to recommend this procedure as an alternative for the mouse protection test.ZusammenfassungZur Bestimmung der Wertigkeit von Rotlauf‐Immunseren bzw. zur Einschätzung des Immunstatus der Schweine gelangen verschiedene serologische Methoden zur Anwendung.Nur durch den Einsatz der Wachstumsprobe ist bisher eine immunologische Differenzierung der Immunseren möglich.Der vorgestellte ELISA wurde im Vergleich zum herkömmlichen Mäuseschutztest nach Prigge (1950) auf seine Eignung zur Wertbemessung von Immunseren geprüft. Beide Verfahren wurden auf eine eventuelle Korrelation getestet. Im überwiegenden Teil der Fälle konnte ein Zusammenhang zwischen einem hohen Titer im ELISA und einem Mäuseschutzwert über 100 I. E. nachgewiesen werden. Die statistische Verarbeitung der Testergebnisse bestätigte die angenommene Korrelation beider vergleichend eingesetzten Verfahren.Um den ELISA als Alternative zum Mäuseschutztest empfehlen zu können, bedarf es weiterer Optimierungsarbeiten.
Renal Lesions in Rats Infected with Rattus Serotype Hantavirus (SR‐11 strain)
Authors: Kobayashi K. , Itakura C. , Arikawa J. , Hashimoto N. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus, strain SR‐11 (SR) was inoculated intraperitoneally into specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) newborn rats, from which the kidney lesions were examined pathologically. The infected rats revealed proteinuria on and after 16 days postinoculation (PI). Histologically, the epithelial cells of the renal tubules showed mild vacuolar and granular degeneration with cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (CIB) on and after 16 days PI. Ultrastructurally, a decrease in number of mitochondria and endocytic vesicles was recognized in the epithelial cells of the proximal renal tubules. Occasionally, both the proximal and distal renal tubular cells had CIB near well‐developed Golgi apparatus on and after 13 days PI. Immunohistochemically, CIB were positive for anti‐SR nucleocapsid antibody, but negative for anti‐SR envelope protein antibody. From the results obtained here, it was concluded that the proteinuria in rats infected with HFRS virus resulted from an insufficiency of reabsorption in the proximal renal tubules, and that CIB consisted of the viral nucleocapsid protein.
Diagnosis of Avian Chlamydiosis: Specificity of the Modified Giménez Staining on Smears and Comparison of the Sensitivity of Isolation in Eggs and Three Different Cell Cultures
Authors: Vanrompay D. , Ducatelle R. , Haesebrouck F. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryFor the diagnosis of chlamydiosis in dead and live birds different methods were compared for their sensitivity and specificity. The specificity of the modified Giménez staining and the direct immunofluorescence (DIF) test for direct demonstration ofChlamydia psittaciin organ, cloacal and/ or conjunctival smears was examined. The sensitivity of the isolation ofChlamydia psittaciin 6 days embryonated specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs, Buffalo Green Monkey (BGM) cell line, McCoy cell line and Vero cell line was compared.On smears, the direct immunofluorescence test was more specific than the modified Giménez staining. The concordance between the results of both detection methods was 80%. The BGM cell culture was the most sensitive artificial host for isolation ofChlamydia psittaci, followed by the embryonated eggs, the Vero cell line and the McCoy cell line. The concordance between the results of isolation in BGM cell culture and eggs was 96.5 %, while it was 86 % between the results of isolation in BGM cell culture and Vero cell culture and only 65.5 % between the results of isolation in BGM cell culture and McCoy cell culture.For dead bird species, chlamydiosis could be diagnosed more often using DIF on smears than with isolation. The concordance between the results of the DIF on smears and isolation followed by DIF was 91%.
Influenza A Viruses: Epidemiologic Study in Fatteners in Spain (1987–89)
Authors: Yus E. , Sanjuan M. L. , Garcia F. , Castro J. M. , Simarro I. 
Published: May 2010

Summary2,979 sera were collected from slaughtered swine in two geographic areas of Spain from 1987 to 1989. They were tested for antibodies against an H1N1‐ and H3N2‐influenza virus by haemagglutination‐inhibition tests (HI).The percentage of positive sera was higher in area I (78 %‐69.2 %) than in area II (63.1 % ‐60.4%) for both viruses respectively.The coexistence of high titres to both H1N1‐ and H3N2‐influenza virus became apparent in cold months simultaneously in each area, although influenza viruses circulated in the Spanish swine population for two years.Also this study suggests the possible circulation of A/Texas/1/77‐like strains in Spain, results which have not been reported before.ResumenSe recogieron en matadero 2979 sueros a partir de porcino de cebo procedente de dos áreas geográficas de España desde 1987 a 1989. Los sueros fueron enfrentados a un virus influenza H1N1 y a otro H3N2 mediante la técnica de inhibición de la hemoaglutinación.Los porcentajes de sueros positivos fué más elevado en el área I (78 % ‐69,2 %) que en el área II (63,1 %‐60,4 %) para ambos virus, respectivamente.La coexistencia de cifras elevadas de anticuerpos frente a ambos virus se evidenció durante los meses fríos y de forma paralela en las dos áreas, aunque virus influenza circularon entre la población porcina española a lo largo de los dos años.Además en este estudio se sugiere la posible circulación de virus análogos a la cepa A/Texas/1/77 en España, extremo no comunicado antes.
Microbiological Study of Foot‐Rot in Lambs: Isolation, Elastolytic Activity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility
Authors: Píriz S. , Valle J. , de la Fuente R. , Angulo M.J. , Vadillo S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA microbiological study was made of an outbreak of foot‐rot in lambs. Elastolytic activity was detected in all 10Bacteroides nodosusstrains isolated from the hooves of 9 affected animals. Among 14 other isolated strictly anaerobic microorganisms belonging to different species or genera only 4 strains showed a low degree of elastolysis. The 14 antimicrobial agents studied effectively inhibited “in vitro” growth ofB. nodosus.
Detection of Rabies antibody by ELISA and RFFIT in Unvaccinated Dogs and in the Endangered Simien jackal (Canis simensis) of Ethiopia
Authors: Mebatsion T. , Sillero‐Zubiri C. , Gottelli D. , Cox J. H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryVarying levels of rabies antibody have been detected both by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT) in the sera collected from wild and domestic canids in the Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) of Southern Ethiopia. Rabies antibody was detected in 80% (8 out of 10) of domestic dog samples, 13.3% (2 out of 15) of Simien jackal samples and in one common jackal. Rabies virus was isolated from one dog in an area where contact with the Simien jackal could possibly occur. All samples examined from wild rodents as possible reservoir hosts for rabies were found negative. The presence of large proportion of susceptible Simien jackals in the population should be a cause of great concern in saving this endangered species from the ravages of rabies.
Serotyping and Antigenic Comparison of Some Animal Rotaviruses Isolated in China
Authors: He K. W. , Lin J. H. , Ding Z. D. , He J. H. , Jiang J. Y. , Hou J. B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEight strains of rotaviruses isolated from diarrheal animals (4 from calves and 4 from piglets) in China were compared by serotyping with reference animal rotavirus strains (bovine NCDV, porcine OSU and simian SA‐11 and human rotavirus Wa strain). Two‐way cross neutralization test showed no antigenic difference between all 4 local strains of bovine rotavirus (BRV007, BRV014, HN‐7 and BRV6555) and reference NCDV, so they belonged to rotavirus serotype 6 (bovine rotavirus serotype 1 or NCDV‐serotype). Meanwhile, the four strains of Chinese porcine rotavirus could be determined into 2 different serotypes. One (Li99) was neutralised to a high titer with the antiserum against reference OSU virus and probably related to OSU (serotype 5 or porcine serotype 1). The other three strains (Lin71, Nan86 and Jiang150) were antigenically obviously different from Li99 and did not react with the antiserum against OSU. They were tentatively considered as porcine rotavirus serotype 2. All the strains of bovine and porcine rotavirus did not cross‐neutralise with simian SA‐11 and human Wa strain. There was also no antigenic relationship between bovine rotaviruses and porcine rotaviruses.Rotavirus has been isolated from many species of animals and human beings all over the world. It is one of the important aetiological agents of diarrhea in new‐born animals and infant babies and has been considered as the most important agent of infant diarrhea in China since 1980. However, there are many serotypes of rotaviruses, not only in different species but also in the same species of animals. For the sake of preventing rotavirus infection effectively, it is of great importance to differentiate the serotypes of rotaviruses isolated from different animals in different places. In this paper, the serological relationship of 8 strains of animal rotavirus (4 from piglets and 4 from calves) isolated in China with reference rotavirus strains including bovine NCDV, porcine OSU, simian SA‐11 and human Wa is presented.
Detection of Bovine Adenovirus Nucleic Acid Sequences in Nasal Specimens by Biotinylated DNA Probes
Authors: Rusvai M. , Belák S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryBovine adenovirus infection has been detected in experimentally infected lambs by applying the rapid and simple DNA detection method of direct filter hybridization (DFH). Three fragments of BAV‐2 DNA were obtained by molecular cloning and labelled with biotin. Clone 207, representing an EcoRI fragment between coordinates 35 to 55 of the viral genome, showed the highest sensitivity to detect adenovirus DNA, thus, this probe was applied on nasal cells from the lambs. Comparative tests revealed a concordance over 97% between the results of conventional virus isolation and of the DFH method. Virus isolation required several weeks to be completed, whereas the DFH method gave results within 10 hours. Considering its simplicity, speed and economy, the DFH method is recommended as a practical diagnostic tool for the direct detection of adenoviruses in clinical specimens.
Haematology of Experimental Babesiosis and Ehrlichiosis in Steroid Immunosuppressed Horses
Authors: Oladosu Lanre A. , Olufemi B. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAn investigation was carried out to study the haematology of steroid immunosuppressed horses experimentally infected with Babesia equi and Ehrlichia equi, separately or simultaneously. Horses infected with both pathogens showed less marked changes in their haematology than those inoculated with either pathogen separately. This appeared to result from early elimination of the more pathogenic Babesia as Ehrlichia spread through the granulocytes.The apparent suppression of Babesia by Ehrlichia is of field clinical importance and merits further investigation for its apparent useful potentials in the control of babesiosis in endemic areas.
A Direct Plating Method for Monitoring the Contamination ofListeria monocytogenesin silage
Authors: Fernandez‐Garayzabal J. F. , Blanco M. , Vazquez‐Boland J. A. , Briones V. , Garcia J. A. , Delgado C. , Domingo M. , Marco J. , Dominguez L. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwenty‐two silage samples were analyzed for the presence ofL. monocytogenesusing fiveListeriaselective plating media, with and without previous selective enrichment step.L. monocytogeneswas recovered from 3 samples by both procedures, but direct plating allowed the quantification ofListeriapopulation. Two of these positive samples were implicated in outbreaks of listeriosis in sheep; theL. monocytogenespopulation in these samples was about 106cells/g. TheL. monocytogenespopulation in the other positive sample was 103cells/g. Direct isolation ofL. monocytogeneswas only possible from LPM, PALCAM and LSAMm media. MOX and LSM media were not selective enough to allow directListeriaisolation. In our hands, LSAMm was the most suitable plating medium for the direct isolation and specific quantification ofL. monocytogenesfrom silage employing a red blood cells overlay technique.
Isolation and Characterization of Immunoglobulin Binding Proteins fromStaphylococcus intermediusandStaphylococcus hyicus
Authors: Greene R. T. , Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

Summary125‐I‐IgG binding activities were observed with 15 (17 %) of 90S. intermediusisolates from dogs and 39 (95%) of 41S. hyicusisolates from pigs. Binding activities were not detected withS. hyicusisolates from cows. The IgG binding proteins of 2S. intermedius, 2S. hyicus, and protein A fromS. aureusCowan I were isolated from their cell surfaces. The proteins precipitated with IgG preparations from human, rabbit, pig, dog and horse, but not with IgG from cow, mouse and chicken. This indicated that these IgG binding proteins could be classified as type I receptors. In addition, the isolated proteins from all 3 staphylococcal species precipitated with polyclonal chicken anti‐protein A antiserum. SDS‐PAGE, Western blotting and gel isoelectric focussing of the proteins revealed numerous bands in the 42,000 D range and acid isoelectric points. The isoelectric point of the isolated proteins from bothS. intermediuscultures was slightly more acidic than those fromS. hyicusandS. aureus.The present results indicate a close functional and antigenic similarity, if not identity, between IgG binding proteins ofS. intermediusandS. hyicus, and protein A ofS. aureus.
In vitro Antibacterial Activity of the Lactoperoxidase System Towards Enterotoxigenic Strains of Escherichia coli
Authors: Grieve P. A. , Dionysius D. A. , Vos A. C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe lactoperoxidase‐thiocyanate‐hydrogen peroxide (LP) system inhibited the growth of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains responsible for scouring in neonatal and post‐weaning piglets. An enzymatic system for hydrogen peroxide generation (glucose oxidase, GO; 0.1 U/ml) and a chemical source (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, SCP; 90 mg/1) were used in the LP system to test 19 strains in a 6‐h growth assay at 37°C. Only three strains were highly sensitive to the LP/GO system, while all exhibited significant growth inhibition with the LP/SCP system. Hydrogen peroxide alone had less effect than the complete system. The bactericidal activity of the LP/GO system towards a previously resistant strain was greatly increased by increasing the level of glucose oxidase in the system by three‐ or five‐fold.
Diagnostic Value of Phage Typing, Antibiogram Typing, and Plasmid Profiling of Staphylococcus hyicus from Piglets with Exudative Epidermitis
Authors: Wegener H. C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 989 isolates of S. hyicus were recovered from the skin of 103 piglets (9.6 isolates per piglet) with exudative epidermitis (EE), and phage typed. Phage patterns of 806 typable isolates (81 %) could be divided into 44 distinct phage types. From 1 to 6 different phage types were found on individual piglets, with an average of 1.9 phage type per piglet. Antibiogram patterns of 384 isolates from 40 randomly selected piglets with EE showed a mean of 2.3 different antibiograms per investigated piglet, ranging from 1 to 6 antibiograms per piglet. Plasmid profiles of 248 S. hyicus isolates from 25 randomly selected piglets showed an average of 2.8 different plasmid profiles per piglet. Seven EE outbreaks in pig herds vaccinated with autogenous vaccine were investigated. In all these herds, strains recovered from the present outbreak differed by two or more type markers to the strains from the previous outbreak used for production of the autogenous vaccine. This finding suggest, that lack of protection might be due to the presence of other virulent types in the investigated herd than those used for production of autogenous vaccine.
Comparison of the restriction patterns of equine herpesvirus (EHV‐1) strains isolated for eight years in France
Authors: Zientara S. , Plateau E. , Sailleau C. , Crucière C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe equine herpes viruses strains (EHV) isolated from organs of aborted foetuses or from nasal swabs have been analysed by comparison of their restriction endonucleases patterns using two enzymes, Bam HI and Pst I. The majority of the clinical samples came from the west part of France (“Normandie”) after abortions or respiratory disorders. All the viruses isolated were EHV‐1 strains whose patterns show considerable homogeneity although some differences can be described. The genomic DNAs of the same twenty strains have been digested by the Pst I enzyme, which induced a great number of restriction fragments. It allows a more precise epidemiological study between strains isolated in the same studs with different Bam HI patterns or between strains with identical Bam HI profiles but with distinct respiratory or abortigenic pathogenicity. No strain isolated from aborted foetuses or nasal swabs presented the vaccinal pattern.
Effect of Selected Antibiotics onStaphylococcus aureusPresent in Milk From Infected Mammary Glands
Authors: Owens W. E. , Ray C. H. , Washburn P. J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMilk from a mammary gland infected withStaphylococcus aureusNewbould 305 was collected and dispensed into sterile tubes. Selected antibiotics were added at 2, 4, or 32 times the MIC, and the percentage survival ofS. aureusat various times through 24 h after addition of each antibiotic was determined. Percentage survival of the sameS. aureusstrain grownin vitroand added to 1) Mueller‐Hinton broth and 2) ultrahigh temperature pasturized milk with the same concentration of antibiotics was also determined. Percentage survival observed after 24 h in milk from the infected quarter at 2, 4, and 32 times MIC, respectively, were: penicillin: 12, 9.4, and 13 %; cephapirin 43, 50, and 30 %; erythromycin: 120, 95, and 82 %; pirlimycin: > 1000, 148, and 38 %; tilmicosin: >1000, >1000, and 9 %; ciprofloxacin: 458, 6, and 3 %; norfloxacin: 40, 10, and <1 %; rifampicin: <1, <1, and <1 %; and novobiocin: 20, 41, and 5 %. By comparison, percentage survival observed after 24 h forin vitrogrownS. aureustested in Mueller‐Hinton broth at 2, 4, and 32 times MIC, respectively, were <1 % for penicillin, cephapirin, pirlimycin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and rifampicin, and < 10 % for erythromycin, novobiocin, and tilmicosin. UHT milk had minimal effect on percentage survival compared to Mueller‐Hinton broth forS. aureus305 when tested against penicillin or cephapirin. Increased survival was noted in UHT milk for erythromycin, pirlimycin, and tilmicosin at all antibiotic concentrations and for ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, rifampicin, and novobiocin at 2 times the MIC. The lack of correlation betweenin vitrosusceptibility testing and antibiotic activity in milk against organisms grownin vivois discussed.
Course of Infection and Humoral Immune Reaction in Calves Infected Orally with Different Salmonella Serovars
Authors: Steinbach G. , Dinjus Ute , Gottschaldt J. , Kreutzer Brigitte , Staak C. 
Published: May 2010

Summary5 groups of five calves each were orally infected with the salmonella serovar S. agona, S. dublin, S. enteritidis, S. infantis or S. typhimurium. The course of infection and the humoral immune response against 5 antigen preparations of the homologous and the 4 heterologous salmonella serovars were monitored in each group. Antibodies against two different protein antigens and against two differently prepared LPS antigens were determined by ELISA and the level of H‐agglutinine was assessed by micro agglutination test.All 5 serovars proved to be virulent for calves. The specificity of antibodies produced following the infection are not always consistent with the Kauffmann‐White scheme.There was a relation of age and strain for infection on immune response, whereas the severity of infection did no correlate with an increase of antibody production.The serological tests used were good for investigation of a defined host‐parasite‐interaction but not satisfactory for serovar specific diagnosis of salmonella infection in cattle.ZusammenfassungJeweils 5 Kälber wurden oral mit Salmonellen der Serovaren S. agona, S. dublin, S. enteritidis, S. infantis oder S. typhimurium infiziert. Der Infektionsverlauf sowie die humorale Immunreaktion gegenüber jeweils 5 Antigenpräparationen sowohl der homologen als auch der 4 heterologen Serovaren wurden untersucht. Die Antikörper gegen 2 Proteinantigene und gegen 2 LPS‐Präparationen wurden mit ELISA und der H‐Agglutinin‐Titer durch Mikroagglutination bestimmt.Alle 5 Salmonellaserovaren erwiesen sich als virulent für Kälber und induzierten eine humorale Immunantwort. Im Gegensatz zum Alter und zum Infektionsstamm ließ der Schweregrad der Infektion keine Beziehung zur Intensität der Antikörperproduktion erkennen. Die Spezifität der Antikörper entsprach nicht immer dem Kauffmann‐White‐Schema.Die angewendeten Nachweismethoden für Salmonellaantikörper waren geeignet, die Erreger‐Wirt‐Wechselwirkung zu untersuchen, sie können aber im Hinblick auf eine serovarspezifische Diagnose von Salmonellainfektionen nicht befriedigen.
Isolation and Distribution of Streptococcus Suis Capsular Types from Diseased Pigs in Spain
Authors: Prieto C. , Peña J. , Suarez P. , Imaz M. , Castro J. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 65 isolates ofStreptococcus suiswas recovered from various tissues of diseased pigs. Almost 96 % of all these isolates could be categorized as one of capsular types 1 to 22 and 1/2. Capsular type 2 was the most prevalent and represented 53.8 % of all isolates, followed by capsular types 1 (9.2 %), 1/2 (7.7 %) and 8 (4.6 %). Brain‐meninges, multiples tissues and lungs were the source of the majority of the isolates. A total of 37 % ofS. suisisolates, mainly from brain‐meninges, were found in pure culture. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern ofS. suisisolates was determined.