bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Podosome‐like structures of non‐invasive carcinoma cells are replaced in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition by actin comet‐embedded invadopodia
Authors: Takkunen Minna , Hukkanen Mika , Liljeström Mikko , Grenman Reidar , Virtanen Ismo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPodosomes and invadopodia are actin‐based structures at the ventral cell membrane, which have a role in cell adhesion, migration and invasion. Little is known about the differences and dynamics underlying these structures. We studied podosome‐like structures of oral squamous carcinoma cells and invadopodia of their invasive variant that has undergone a spontaneous epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). In 3D imaging, podosomes were relatively large structures that enlarged in time, whereas invadopodia of invasive cells remained small, but were more numerous, degraded more extracellular matrix (ECM) and were morphologically strikingly different from podosomes. In live‐cell imaging, highly dynamic, invadopodia‐embedded actin tails were frequently released and rocketed through the cytoplasm. Resembling invadopodia, we found new club‐ended cell extensions in EMT‐experienced cells, which contained actin, cortactin, vinculin and MT1‐matrix metalloproteinase. These dynamic cell extensions degraded ECM and, in field emission scanning electron microscopy, protruded from the dorsal cell membrane. Plectin, αII‐spectrin, talin and focal adhesion kinase immunoreactivities were detected in podosome rings, whereas they were absent from invadopodia. Tensin potentially replaced talin in invadopodia. Integrin α3β1 surrounded both podosomes and invadopodia, whereas integrin αvβ5 localized only to invadopodia heads. Pacsin 2, in conjunction with filamin A, was detected early in podosomes, whereas pacsin 2 was not found in invadopodia and filamin A showed delayed accumulation. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching indicated faster reorganization of actin, cortactin and filamin A in podosomes compared to invadopodia. In conclusion, EMT affects the invasion machinery of oral squamous carcinoma cells. Non‐invasive squamous carcinoma cells constitutively organize podosomes, whereas invasive cells form invadopodia. The club‐ended cell extensions, or externalized invadopodia, are involved in ECM degradation and maintenance of contact to adhesion substrate and surrounding cells during invasion.
Lichen planus sialadenitis: a mucosal analog of lichen planopilaris and lichen planoporitis
Authors: Lourenço Silvia Vanessa , Resende Ana Cristina Brandão , Bologna Sheyla Batista , Nico Marcello Menta Simonsen 
Published: July 2009

Lichen planus (LP) is the most prevalent dermatological disorder with oral manifestation. Oral lesions comprise a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. We report the case of a 56‐year‐old woman who presented erosive LP on the buccal and lower lip mucosae. Besides typical erosions, small white keratotic papules on an erythematosus background on the lower lip mucosa were observed. Biopsy of lower lip lesions showed an unusual histopathological presentation consisting of a lichenoid inflammation targeted to salivary gland ducts. This is probably a salivary gland analog of lichen planopilaris and lichen planoporitis.Lourenço SV, de Resende ACB, Bologna SB, Simonsen Nico MM. Lichen planus sialadenitis: a mucosal analog of lichen planopilaris and lichen planoporitis.
Comparison of Pharmacokinetics of Vardenafil Administered Using an Ultrasonic Nebulizer for Inhalation vs a Single 10-mg Oral Tablet
Authors: Berry Brooke , Altman Phillip , Rowe James , Vaisman Jack 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Delivery of vardenafil (for improvement of erectile function) via the inhaled route of administration may be advantageous in that this avoids extensive first pass metabolism and may therefore increase the bioavailability (hence the reliability of absorption) and shorten the time of pharmacological onset of activity. A unique nebulizer design has been developed by the sponsor (Advanced Medical Institute Pty Ltd) that is capable of delivering relatively large volumes of drug.

Aim
The primary objective of the Phase 1 study was to assess and compare the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of vardenafil 10-mg tablet and a single dose of vardenafil solution administered via inhalation using an ultrasonic nebulizer device. Secondary objective was to assess the safety of vardenafil administered via inhalation using an ultrasonic nebuliser device.

Methods
Two-part study in healthy volunteers. Dose-ranging study was performed in two subjects to determine the appropriate inhalational dose, followed by an open, randomized, crossover, single dose pharmacokinetic study in 12 subjects, which compared a single 10-mg oral dose to the inhalation dose.

Main Outcome Measures
Cmax, Cmax/Dose, Tmax, ke, t1/2, AUC0–t, AUCt–∞, AUC0–∞, AUC0–∞, AUC0–∞/Dose, and % area extrapolated.

Results
The two treatments are not bioequivalent, with vardenafil absorbed and eliminated faster and with less variability using the nebulizer for drug delivery. Administration via the inhalational route was not associated with any clinically significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate, and no serious adverse events were recorded, demonstrating an acceptable safety profile.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first report of the administration of vardenafil HCl via the pulmonary route of administration. This trial demonstrates that vardenafil HCl may be administered using the ultrasonic nebulizer to reach blood levels comparable with those produced by a vardenafil 10-mg oral tablet, faster and using less drug. This new route of administration may potentially improve the onset of action, reliability, and safety for this class of drug.
Acceptance of and Discontinuation Rate from Paroxetine Treatment in Patients with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Salonia Andrea , Rocchini Lorenzo , Sacca’ Antonino , Pellucchi Federico , Ferrari Matteo , Carro Ubaldo Del , Ribotto Paolo , Gallina Andrea , Zanni Giuseppe , Deho’ Federico , Rigatti Patrizio , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the most widely used agents for delaying ejaculation in patients with premature ejaculation (PE).

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the acceptance of and the discontinuation rate from paroxetine treatment in patients with lifelong PE.

Methods
We analyzed the acceptance of and discontinuation rates of 93 consecutive potent patients (mean age, 37.6 years) seeking medical treatment for lifelong PE. The patients were assessed with detailed medical and sexual history, self-reported intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, self-administered International Index of Erectile Function, complete physical examination, and the Meares–Stamey test. The patients received a paroxetine prescription (10 mg daily for 21 days and then 20 mg as needed) for the first 3 months. Thereafter, the patients could either stay with the same on-demand treatment or take paroxetine 10 mg daily for 3 months. The patients were evaluated at 3 and 6 months, and requested to complete multiple-choice global assessment questions regarding specific reasons for eventual therapy discontinuation.

Main Outcome Measures
The primary end point was acceptance and discontinuation rates for paroxetine treatment in patients seeking medical treatment for lifelong PE. The secondary end point was the reasons for nonacceptance of treatment or discontinuation.

Results
Twenty-eight (30.10%) patients decided not to start paroxetine. Fear of using an “antidepressant drug” was the main reason (42.9%) for treatment nonacceptance. Twenty (30.8%) patients who initiated therapy eventually discontinued it. Treatment effect below expectations was the main reason of treatment dropout (75%) during the first 3 months, followed by temporary loss of interest in sex because of relationship issues (15%) and side effects (10%). Of the patients who continued treatment, 77.8% preferred daily paroxetine, while 22.2% continued as-needed therapy.

Conclusions
Thirty percent of lifelong PE patients seeking medical treatment for complaints of early ejaculation freely decided not to start any paroxetine treatment, and roughly 30% of patients who started therapy eventually discontinued it.
Neural Activations of the Acquisition of Conditioned Sexual Arousal: Effects of Contingency Awareness and Sex
Authors: Klucken Tim , Schweckendiek Jan , Merz Christian J. , Tabbert Katharina , Walter Bertram , Kagerer Sabine , Vaitl Dieter , Stark Rudolf 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Learning processes like classical conditioning are involved in mediating sexual behavior. Yet, the neural bases underlying these processes have not been investigated so far.

Aim
The aim of this study was to explore neural activations of classical conditioning of sexual arousal with respect to sex differences and contingency awareness.

Methods
In the acquisition phase, a geometric figure (CS+) was presented for 8 seconds and was followed by highly sexual arousing pictures (UCS), whereas another figure (CS−) predicted neutral pictures. Ratings and contingency awareness were assessed after the entire conditioning procedure. Forty subjects (20 females) were classified into one of four groups according to their sex and the development of contingency awareness (aware females, aware males, unaware females, and unaware males).

Main Outcome Measures
Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), skin conductance responses (SCRs), and subjective ratings.

Results
fMRI analysis showed two effects (awareness and sex) when comparing CS+ with CS−: (i) aware compared to unaware subjects showed enhanced differentiation (e.g., ventral striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, occipital cortex); and (ii) men showed increased activity compared to women in the amygdala, thalamus, and brainstem. CS+ and CS− ratings differed in aware subjects only. However, no conditioned SCRs occurred in any group.

Conclusion
The increased activity in men is in line with theories postulating that men are generally more prone to conditioning of sexual arousal. Further, contingency awareness seems to be an important factor in appetitive learning processes, which facilitates conditioning processes.
GLASS TRANSITION OF RAINBOW TROUT AND EFFECT OF CRYOPROTECTANTS ON SOME CHANGES
Authors: AKTAŞ NESİMİ , AKKÖSE AHMET 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT Sucrose (2%), sorbitol (2%), mannitol (2%), gum arabic (0.15%), carrageenan (0.15%) 8 and meat stabilizer (0.5%) were blended with ground rainbow trout and stored for 6 months separately at −9, −13C (glass transition temperature [Tg] of rainbow trout determined by differential scanning calorimetry) and −18C. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) were determined at first, third and sixth months of storage periods. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) was conducted on isolated myofibrillar proteins for first, third and sixth months. Biopolymers and storage period had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the TVB‐N and TBARS values. Tg (−13C) and −18C showed the same effects on TVB‐N and TBARS values, but −9C had statistically different effect on them. SDS‐PAGE characteristics of myofibrillar proteins revealed that the samples with gum arabic, sucrose and sorbitol were different from the other samples.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSGlass transition is a second‐order time–temperature dependent on phase transition. It assists in identifying food stability during storage, as well as selecting suitable conditions of temperature for processing. In the present study, total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance values of the samples stored at Tg (−13C) and −18C were determined as statistically the same. Both from the economical and quality retention point of view, this situation is important to practical applications.
THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH TO EQUILIBRIUM ISOTHERMS IN SALTED STRUCTURED FOOD
Authors: FITO PEDRO , FITO PEDRO J. , BETORET NOELIA , ARGÜELLES ÁNGEL , CHENOLL CREU 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT Some foods are preserved by salting in NaCl saturation conditions (fish, meat and some vegetables). It is known that the polyphasic and multicomponent character of foods plays a basic role in defining equilibrium conditions; therefore, it is essential for a correct modeling of food behavior. However, in most cases, only one homogeneous phase is considered for process modeling. In this paper, the polyphasic and multicomponent character of foods was applied for thermodynamic description of salted foods in order to have a better analysis of their water sorption isotherms. A simplified model of the food in terms of four phases (aqueous solution of salt and native soluble solids, solid matrix and fat) is proposed. The water sharing out between phases was analyzed, and the water content and relationships for each phase were proposed. This model was applied to salted meat isotherms, obtaining a good fitting between experimental and predicted data. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe final quality of salted meat products depends on the complex cellular structure, salt and water relations and transformations. A new isotherm model for salted products, with structural and thermodynamic considerations, is proposed as a tool to control the production of salted foods.This model describes the structure of food as an insoluble solid matrix with salt and water interactions, liquid phase (water and salt solution) and solid salt, and explains the water and salt distribution during adsorption and desorption of water.Thus, this new model is an excellent tool to predict salt and water interactions in the complex food structure in order to improve some quality parameters of salted products such as content of salt crystals, distribution of salt or protein degradation.
RHEOLOGICAL AND SEM STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SPENT BREWER'S YEAST β‐GLUCANS AND κ‐CARRAGEENAN
Authors: XU XUEMING , PU QINGLIN , HE LIU , NA YANG , WU FENGFENG , JIN ZHENGYU 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT The microstructure of gel network produced byκ‐carrageenan (KC), and spent brewer's yeastβ‐glucans (BYG) and the two polymers' mixture were analyzed through rheological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments. Small amplitude oscillatory tests in the linear domain of viscoelasticity were applied to study the rheological properties of the two polymers in different mixing ratios. The mechanical spectra measurements gave neat evidence that although KC played the dominant role in forming the gel network, BYG contributed to the gel system, especially in the mixtures with low concentration (0.05 and 0.1 wt%) KC. BYG strengthened the gel network attributing to its entanglement with KC molecules, instead of inhibiting the KC to form ordered structure. It indicated that the two polymers were compatible with possible interactions that might be due to the intermolecular force and hydrogen bond between the two polymers. The microstructure's shape of the two polymers in SEM images demonstrated support explanation for the rheological properties.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe fine particulate β‐glucans filled the cavity of the κ‐carrageenan network which enhances the mixed system gel strength. The results of this research might be useful for products development in food industry.
Best‐practice intervention for care of clients who self‐mutilate
Authors: Hicks K. Madalyn , Hinck Susan M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurpose: To describe the development of a best practice intervention to guide nurse practitioners (NPs) who care for individuals who self‐mutilate.Data sources: The evidence on which the guideline was based includes six descriptive studies and expert clinical opinion articles. The framework for development of the guideline is a systematic process to obtain and analyze the best available evidence, develop a theory‐driven intervention, and propose a system for ongoing evaluation of the effectiveness of the intervention.Conclusions: The guideline is an information sheet, containing the definition of self‐mutilation, background of the problem, target population affected, and intervention. The three components of the intervention are (a) the NP's self‐evaluation of values, beliefs, and assumptions about individuals who self‐mutilate; (b) a focused, in‐depth assessment of the client; and (c) therapeutic strategies to address the emotional, social, and biological dimensions of self‐mutilation.Implications for practice: This Best‐Practice Intervention for Care of Clients Who Self‐Mutilate guideline provides direction for NPs to address a preventable, self‐injury behavior effectively. Further study is needed to examine the effectiveness of the use of the guideline and the intervention.
Anal Pap smears: Should we be doing them?
Authors: Lindsey Kimberley , DeCristofaro Claire , James Janet 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPurpose: To identify the need to perform anal Papanicolau (Pap) smears for diagnosing histologic changes associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in order to provide early intervention for the prevention of anal cancer. To offer the primary care provider information, based on evidence‐based research, about identifying the high‐risk patient using risk factors, instructions on performing the anal Pap smear, interpreting the results, and initiating treatment interventions and/or referrals for care. Additionally, the possibility of an HPV vaccine for men will be discussed.Data Sources: Evidence‐based literature, theoretical framework, and peer‐reviewed articles.Conclusions: Performing anal Pap smears is a valuable tool to detect cytologic changes associated with some strains of HPV infection. For persons participating in receptive anal intercourse, this diagnostic procedure provides the opportunity for early detection to guide appropriate follow‐up and interventions.Implications for practice: Appropriate screening can be incorporated easily into a primary care practice. High‐risk groups that would benefit from this screening include men who have sex with men, HIV‐infected men and women, immunocompromised men and women, women with a history of cervical or vulvar cancer (or high‐grade cervical lesions), and women participating in receptive anal intercourse.
Irradiation of Skin and Contrasting Effects on Absorption of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Compounds
Authors: Duracher Lucie , Blasco Laurent , Abdel Jaoued Aïda , Vian Laurence , Marti‐Mestres Gilberte 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIncreasing legal requirements for risk assessment and efficacy testing in the dermo‐cosmetic field have led to the development of alternative test methods. In this study, the porcine skin model was chosen to test the effect of irradiation on the penetration habits of UV filters and caffeine. For decades, the pig has been recognized as an experimental animal in biomedical research thanks to its morphological and physiological similarities to humans. In this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of UV irradiation on the absorption of octocrylene (OC) and benzophenone‐3 (B3) sunscreens used under those circumstances and a model hydrophilic molecule, caffeine (Caf). These particular compounds were chosen due to their different lipophilic profiles. The percutaneous penetration of the two UV filters and Caf was studied after two simulated solar radiation doses of 61.4 kJ m−2. After irradiation simulation, the total absorbed dose was increased for OC while for B3 and Caf it was lower. Thus, modifications in percutaneous absorption have been observed, and it appears that UV could play a crucial role in this process. Moreover, it has been observed that the lipophilic profile of the studied compounds affects percutaneous penetration when irradiated.
DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Photosensitization of 5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis (N‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl)‐21H,23H‐porphyrin via Singlet Oxygen Generation
Authors: Tada‐Oikawa Saeko , Oikawa Shinji , Hirayama Junya , Hirakawa Kazutaka , Kawanishi Shosuke 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCancer photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires photosensitizers that efficiently and selectively destroy tumor cells. We investigated 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis (N‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl)‐21H,23H‐porphyrin (TMPyP) as a potential cancer treatment. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that TMPyP was localized in the nuclei, whereas 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐derived protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) was localized diffusely in the cytoplasm of human leukemia (HL‐60) cells. In HL‐60 cells under UVA irradiation, TMPyP effectively induced apoptosis. Moreover, 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, an oxidative product of 2′‐deoxyguanosine, was accumulated in the DNA of cells treated with photoirradiated TMPyP, whereas only small amounts were observed in ALA‐treated cells in the presence of UVA light. TMPyP and UVA caused extensive damage at every guanine residue in DNA fragments obtained from the human p53 tumor suppressor gene and the c‐Ha‐ras‐1 proto‐oncogene, whereas PPIX induced little DNA damage under these conditions. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy using a singlet oxygen (1O2) probe and D2O showed that photoexcited TMPyP generated 1O2. These results suggest that photoexcited TMPyP reacts with oxygen to generate 1O2, which in turn, oxidizes guanine residues. Taken together, the results demonstrated that TMPyP was localized in the nucleus where it was photosensitized to induce DNA damage, suggesting that TMPyP may have clinical utility as a nucleus‐targeted PDT.
Cotransplantation of HLA‐identical mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells in Chinese patients with hematologic diseases
Authors: ZHANG X. , LI J.‐Y , CAO K. , LU H. , HONG M. , QIAN S. , WU H. , LIU P. , XU W. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be employed to support hematopoietic reconstitution and mitigate graft‐vs.‐host disease (GVHD) in transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and safety of cotransplantation culture‐expanded MSCs and HSCs from the same human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐identical sibling donor in Chinese patients with hematologic diseases. Bone marrow mononuclear cells from healthy donors were cultured and expanded ex vivo. Immunophenotype, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, and karyotype of the harvested MSCs were detected on those who had been cotransplanted with HSCs and MSCs from the same donor. Hematopoietic reconstitutions, complications, and clinical outcomes were observed after cotransplantation in these patients. (1.77 ± 0.40) × 106/kg (donor’s weight) MSCs were successfully expanded from 23.6 ± 5.96 ml of bone marrow samples. They had normal karyotypes with bi‐lineages differentiation potential, and were CD73, CD90, and CD105 positive. Twelve patients underwent cotransplantation with no observable adverse response during and after the infusion of MSCs. Hematopoietic reconstitutions were rapid. Two patients developed grade II–IV acute GVHD, and two extensive chronic GVHD. Four patients suffered from cytomegalovirus infection but were cured eventually. Up to now, seven patients have been followed as long as 29–57 months and five patients died. It is concluded that MSCs can be expanded effectively by culture and it is safe and feasible to cotransplant patients with allogenic culture‐expanded MSCs and HSCs.