bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving Hermotimus’ Paradox: Reading Lucian’s Hermotimus in Light of Plato’s Republic
Authors: Sharpe Matthew 
Published: June 2024

Lucian’s Hermotimus, despite its first appearances of being a merely skeptical, even sophistical discrediting of philosophy, is better read as a powerful protreptic defense of the endeavor, whose key ancient intertext is Plato's Republic. To make this case, the paper involves three parts. In part i, we examine the metaphilosophical framing of the Hermotimus’s exchange between the eponymous hero, aged about 60 (§48) and Lucian’s favored interlocutor, Lycinus. We show that Lucian accepts that philosophy is intended to be an elevated way of life cultivating wisdom and virtue, at the same time as he is concerned at how readily this pursuit can devolve into a hybristic, sectarian endeavor, in which pupils identify uncritically with instructors who do not match their words with their deeds. In part ii., we address the central elenchus and the action of the Hermotimus, the patient work by Lycinus to undermine Hermotimus’ dogmatic self-conceit, by refuting the different solutions he offers to the paradox involved in his having chosen a particular philosophical orientation, Stoicism, as a novice without philosophical training. Part iii. excavates the positive vision of philosophy that the action of the dialogue shows, highlighting the five key places in Hermotimus wherein Lycinus offers us entirely unironic visions of what philosophy at it best could be, in contrast to what it has become in Hermotimus or his teachers: or, as Lycinus heralds it, a kind of Ariadne’s thread out of the maze of Hermotimus’ paradox (§68).
Relationship Between Sarcopenia and Intensive Blood Pressure Control Efficacy and Safety: A Secondary Analysis of SPRINT
Authors: Mirzai Saeid , Persits Ian , Kazibwe Richard , Gabani Mohanad , Seals Austin , Singleton Matthew J. , Rikhi Rishi , Chevli Parag A. , Carbone Salvatore , Tang W.H. Wilson , Yeboah Joseph , Williamson Jeff D. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Herrington David M. , Shapiro Michael D. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:
Sarcopenia and hypertension are independently associated with worse cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and survival. While individuals with sarcopenia may benefit from intensive blood pressure (BP) control, the increased vulnerability of this population raises concerns for potential harm. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and safety outcomes with intensive (target <120 mm Hg) versus standard (<140 mm Hg) systolic BP targets in older hypertensive adults with sarcopenia compared with nonsarcopenic counterparts in the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial).

METHODS:
Sarcopenia was defined using surrogates of the lowest sex-stratified median of the sarcopenia index (serum creatinine/cystatin C×100) for muscle wasting and gait speed ≤0.8 m/s for muscle weakness. Outcomes included CVD events, all-cause mortality, and serious adverse events.

RESULTS:

Of 2571 SPRINT participants with sarcopenia index and gait speed data available (aged ≥75 years), 502 (19.5%) met the criteria for sarcopenia, which was associated with higher risks of CVD events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.15–1.94];
P
=0.003) and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.09–1.94];
P
=0.010). In participants with sarcopenia, intensive (versus standard) BP control nearly halved the risk of CVD events (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.36–0.88];
P
=0.012) without increasing serious adverse events. Similar risk reduction was seen for all-cause mortality in participants with sarcopenia (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.41–1.08];
P
=0.102), but the effect was only significant in those without chronic kidney disease.

CONCLUSIONS:
Older hypertensive adults with sarcopenia randomized to intensive BP control experienced a lower risk of CVD without increased adverse events compared with standard BP control.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
A Comparison of Denoising Approaches for Spoken Word Production Related Artefacts in Continuous Multiband fMRI Data
Authors: Volfart Angelique , McMahon Katie L. , de Zubicaray Greig I. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is well-established from fMRI experiments employing gradient echo echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequences that overt speech production introduces signal artefacts compromising accurate detection of task-related responses. Both design and post-processing (denoising) techniques have been proposed and implemented over the years to mitigate the various noise sources. Recently, fMRI studies of speech production have begun to adopt multiband EPI sequences that offer better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and temporal resolution allowing adequate sampling of physiological noise sources (e.g., respiration, cardiovascular effects) and reduced scanner acoustic noise. However, these new sequences may also introduce additional noise sources. In this study, we demonstrate the impact of applying several noise-estimation and removal approaches to continuous multiband fMRI data acquired during a naming-to-definition task, including rigid body motion regression and outlier censoring, principal component analysis for removal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/edge-related noise components, and global fMRI signal regression (using two different approaches) compared to a baseline of realignment and unwarping alone. Our results show the strongest and most spatially extensive sources of physiological noise are the global signal fluctuations arising from respiration and muscle action and CSF/edge-related noise components, with residual rigid body motion contributing relatively little variance. Interestingly, denoising approaches tended to reduce and enhance task-related BOLD signal increases and decreases, respectively. Global signal regression using a voxel-wise linear model of the global signal estimated from unmasked data resulted in dramatic improvements in temporal SNR. Overall, these findings show the benefits of combining continuous multiband EPI sequences and denoising approaches to investigate the neurobiology of speech production.
Experiences of individuals presenting to the emergency department for mental health reasons: A systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Bull Claudia , Goh Jia Yin , Warren Nicola , Kisely Steve 
Published: June 2024

Objective: Emergency departments the world over have seen substantial increases in the number of individuals presenting for mental health reasons. However, we have a limited understanding of their experiences of care. The aim of this review was to systematically examine and synthesise literature relating to the experiences of individuals presenting to emergency department for mental health reasons. Methods: We followed Pluye and Hong’s seven-step approach to conducting a systematic mixed studies review. Studies were included if they investigated adult mental health experiences in emergency department from the users’ perspective. Studies describing proxy, carer/family or care provider experiences were excluded. Results: Sixteen studies were included. Thematic synthesis identified three themes and associated subthemes. Theme 1 – ED staff can make-or-break and ED experience – comprised: Feeling understood and heard; Engaging in judgement-free interactions; Receiving therapeutic support; Being actively and passively invalidated for presenting to the ED; and Once a psych patient, always a psych patient. Theme 2 – Being in the ED environment is counter-therapeutic – comprised: Waiting for an ‘extremely’ long time; and Lacking privacy. Theme 3 was Having nowhere else to go. Conclusions: The experiences described by individuals presenting to emergency department for mental health reasons were mostly poor. The results illustrate a need for increased mental health education and training for all emergency department staff. Employment of specialist and lived experience workers should also be prioritised to support more therapeutic relationships and emergency department environments. In addition, greater investment in mental health systems is required to manage the current crisis and ensure future sustainability.
Optimizing water Absorption’s influence on composite mechanics through response surface methodology
Authors: Saada Khalissa , Amroune Salah , Zaoui Moussa , Jawaid Mohammad , Benarioua Mokhtar , Farsi Chouki 
Published: June 2024

This study systematically examines how different fiber contents—Diss, Sisal, and luffa—affect the mechanical properties of bio-composites at rates of 10%, 15%, and 25%, with a particular focus on water absorption behavior. It investigates the relationship between water absorption and bending behavior, utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) optimization and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to thoroughly analyze input parameters, including a 44-day absorption duration, fiber type, and fiber content. The findings reveal that sisal-reinforced composites demonstrate the highest flexural strength, with an average stress of 31.15 ± 1.82 MPa for a 10% sisal fiber rate. However, an increase in fiber content leads to a decrease in mechanical properties and an increase in water absorption, with water absorption ratios of 2%, 3% and 5% for sisal biocomposites at fiber rates of 10%, 15% and 25%, respectively. The study’s reliability is confirmed by a significant R-squared coefficient of 0.94, indicating strong consistency between predicted and observed results. This comprehensive investigation offers valuable insights into how varying fiber content impacts both mechanical performance and water absorption in fiber-reinforced composites.
Authentic and Creative Assessment in a World with AI
Authors: Miserandino Marianne 
Published: June 2024

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) presents challenges and opportunities for higher education. The challenge is to incorporate the benefits of AI while minimizing its potential for misuse and undermining of learning. The opportunity is that AI allows instructors to assess learning authentically by fostering creative, engaging, realistic, and reflective assessments. Statement of the Problem Drawing on some of the current practices of AI use in the classroom, I discuss how authentic assessment can be achieved while incorporating AI. Literature Review First, I review what authentic assessment is, how it is implemented, and some of its positive outcomes. Then, I present sample activities that use AI to design, implement, and evaluate assessments to serve the APA Learning Goals for the Undergraduate Psychology Major. Teaching Implications The activities and assessments here and in the online Supplemental Materials (Miserandino, 2024, May 23) help fulfill additional learning goals and build academic skills (e.g., critical thinking, reading, writing). Conclusion By using these activities and assessments or drawing on them to create their own, instructors can improve their teaching and student learning outcomes.
Seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, and HBV: The Associated Psychiatric Co-morbidities Among Injection Drug Users in Kashmir— A Hospital-Based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Wani Kubra Farooq , Rather Yasir Hassan , Kousar Muntaqueem Ul , Bhat Fazle Roub , Rasool Ubaid 
Published: June 2024

Background: Injection drug use remains a significant public health concern globally, with injection drug users (IDUs) facing elevated risks of contracting blood-borne infections such as hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV), and acquired immune deficiency syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study delves into the seroprevalence of these disorders among IDUs in Kashmir and extends further to explore the relationship between injection drug use and psychiatric co-morbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among IDUs recruited from tertiary care drug addiction centers. Those who agreed to participate underwent serological testing for HCV, HBV, and HIV. The presence of psychiatric disorders was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, a standardized instrument for diagnosing mental health conditions. Results: The results showed that the prevalence rate of HCV, HBV, and HIV was 73%, 12%, and 1%, respectively. Genotype 3a was the predominant genotype in 71 (51.5%) participants with detectable HCV-RNA. A total of 151 (50.3%) participants had a comorbid psychiatric illness with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder in 63 (21%) and 36 (12%), respectively. Sharing of paraphernalia was the most common high-risk behavior in 234 (78%). Early initiation of opioid use, a history of sharing of paraphernalia, and the presence of comorbid psychiatric illness were found to be significantly associated with positive serology results, indicating a higher risk of contracting infection (χ2 = 24.55, p < .01; χ2 = 121.56, p < .01; and χ2 = 4.534, p <.01, respectively). Conclusion: IDUs have an elevated prevalence of HCV, substantial rates of infection with HBV and HIV, and a considerable burden of psychiatric morbidities. Considering the high seroprevalence of hepatitis infections and alarming rates of psychiatric morbidity in IDUs, this calls for a comprehensive and integrated approach to address the interconnected challenges faced by IDUs in Kashmir.
Introduction of a Pre-admission Pharmacist Service Utilising the Surgical Ward Pharmacist
Authors: Dao Thao , Lam Patrick 
Published: June 2024

Background: The challenge with obtaining a best possible medication history (BPMH) post-surgery is the delay in clarifying medications due to decreased post-operative cognitive status and pain, which can lead to missed or late administration of medications. Studies have suggested that unintentional medication discrepancies at the time of admission are common in general medical patients. Objectives: To investigate if a pre-admission pharmacist completing BPMHs for adult elective surgery patients with planned overnight admission increases the proportion of patients with (i) a BPMH completed, (ii) medication reconciliation completed and (iii) all home medications charted correctly within 24 hours of admission. Methods: Patients in the pre-intervention group had a BPMH completed on admission as standard of care. Patients in the post-intervention group were contacted by the pre-admission pharmacist 1 to 3 business days prior to admission to complete a BPMH. The pre-admission pharmacist role was performed by a surgical ward pharmacist in addition to their daily workload. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyse the data. Results: The post-intervention group had more patients with a completed BPMH (47.2% vs 25.3%, P = .005), medication reconciliation (43.8% vs 15.5%, P = .0001) and all home medications charted correctly (36% vs 16.9%, P = .007) within 24 hours of admission compared with the pre-intervention group. Conclusion: The introduction of a pre-admission service utilising the surgical ward pharmacist increased the proportion of patients with a completed BPMH, medication reconciliation and home medications charted correctly within 24 hours of admission.
Working Through It: Lifetime Experiences of Employment Discrimination Among Older Black Americans and Implications for Labor Force Participation, Job Dissatisfaction, and Mental Health in Older Adulthood
Authors: Abrams Leah R. , Zhang Yuan S. , Munsey Ayisha D. , Farah Muna A. , Brown Lauren L. 
Published: June 2024

Objectives To examine lifetime experiences of employment discrimination and their association with Black older adults’ employment status and well-being. Methods We use data from the Health and Retirement Study’s leave-behind questionnaire to characterize lifetime experiences of being unfairly fired, not hired, or not promoted among Black older adults ( N = 2331) and test associations with labor force status at age 62, job satisfaction among those working, and depressive symptoms. Results Employment discrimination was commonly reported by Black older adults, especially among men and those with college educations. Employment discrimination was not associated with employment status at age 62 but was associated with job dissatisfaction (OR = 2.25, p = 0.016) and depressive symptoms (Beta = 0.13, p = 0.021). Discussion Findings suggest a negative association between employment discrimination at any point in the life course and Black older adults’ well-being. Employment discrimination is an obstacle to healthy aging, yet improved discrimination survey items are needed to fully capture its impact on Black Americans.
The low-frequency bandgap characteristics of phononic crystal isolators with multi-hole
Authors: Gao Xing-Lin , Sun Xiao-Wei , Li Ren-Sheng , Tan Mao-Ting , Song Ting , Wang Yi-Wen 
Published: June 2024

A vibration isolator for a floating slab track, based on a locally resonant phononic crystal, has been designed to suppress vibrations caused by the wheel-rail interaction. In this isolator, a circular vibrator is connected to a connector through a rubber layer uniformly embedded in holes. The finite element method is utilized to compute the energy band structure and transmission loss of the vibration isolator, while the mechanism of bandgap is elucidated through the analysis of modes. The static stiffness and dynamic stiffness of the vibration isolator are calculated, which proves that the vibration isolator meets the requirements of engineering applications. The influence of the number of circular holes and the geometric parameters of the vibration isolator on the bandgap is examined. It is discovered that augmenting the number of holes and the hole diameter in the rubber layer leads to a decreased bandgap. A low-frequency locally resonant bandgap of 38.2–97.1 Hz and a relative bandgap bandwidth of 86.9 % are obtained by optimizing the vibration isolator. The vibration isolation performance of a floating slab track equipped with vibration isolators is analyzed and more robust vibration attenuation performance is obtained in the bandgap. The multi-hole phononic crystal vibration isolator is employed in floating slab tracks for rail transportation, effectively mitigating vibrations transmitted to tunnels, thus further minimizing the effects on the surrounding environment.
Case Report: Isolated Vertigo as the Sole Manifestation of Left Lateral Medullary Infarction Following Contralateral Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection
Authors: Zhao Ning , Zhao Yong , Chang Mingze , Zhang Gejuan , Lu Ying , Li Shilin , Ma Juan , Qi QianQian 
Published: June 2024

Background: Cerebral infarct associated with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been reported in the literature, while isolated central dizziness due to lateral medullary infarct (LMI) following VZV infection is rarely reported. Case report: We report the case of a 65-year-old man who presented to the neurology department because of herpes zoster on the right trigeminal nerve distribution. At 12 hours after admission, he developed transient vertigo along with nausea and unsteady walking and left-sided spontaneous horizontal nystagmus, gaze-evoked nystagmus, and upbeat nystagmus. The other usual signs of LMI including Horner syndrome, dysarthria, swallowing difficulty, and hemibody sensory change were absent. Video head impulse indicated decreased head impulse gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex for the bilateral horizontal, anterior, and posterior semicircular canals with abnormal saccade waves. Suppression head impulse paradigm showed few downward saccades reflecting anti-compensatory saccades after the end of the head impulse back to the head-fixed target and decreased vestibulo-ocular reflex gain values of bilateral semicircular canals. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a small infarct in the far dorsolateral portion of the left rostral medulla. The cerebrospinal fluid was positive for VZV DNA. Conclusions: In patients with VZV infection who develop dizziness, the possibility of cerebral infarct should be considered. Patients with facial herpes zoster and neurological symptoms always be screened for stroke using MRI and lumbar puncture should be performed and acyclovir administered empirically.
Diluted contrast media combined with high-resolution C-arm CT for evaluating apposition of flow diversions in a porcine model
Authors: Long Shuhai , Yu Sun , Shi Chengcheng , Ma Ji , Li Zhen , Cheng Jingliang , Ran Yuncai , Han Xinwei , Li Tengfei 
Published: June 2024

Background In intracranial stenting, good stent apposition is crucial, and high-resolution C-arm computer tomography (CT) is utilized to assess whether stent apposition is complete. This study was aimed at finding optimal hypertonic or isotonic contrast media injection concentration for high-resolution C-arm CT to assess apposition of flow diversion (FD) after carotid artery stenting in swine. Methods Twelve FD stents were implanted into the left carotid artery of Bama swine through the endovascular method. During high-resolution C-arm CT scanning, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% dilution percentages of hypertonic contrast media (iopromide 370 mg/ml) and 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, and 18% dilution percentages of isotonic contrast media (iodixanol 320 mg/ml) were separately injected. A radiologist and a neuro-interventional specialist evaluated and qualitatively scored the post-processed images, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was used to verify the accuracy of these images. Results Overall, 12 FD stents were implanted into the left common carotid artery of 12 swine, with a technical success rate of 100%. The best reconstructed images used to observe stent apposition were achieved with iopromide diluted to a concentration of 12% (all P < .05) or iodixanol diluted to a concentration of 16% (all P < .05). Malapposition was noted in one case, and good apposition was noted in 11 cases. These results were consistent with IVUS observations. Conclusion Injecting iopromide or iodixanol diluted to 12% or 16% during high-resolution C-arm CT scanning, respectively, can help evaluate FD stent apposition and obtain optimal image quality.
Colonic duplication cyst with secondary septic peritonitis in a cat
Authors: Schrock Kelly , Spinner Maureen 
Published: June 2024

Case summary A 5-month-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for acute onset of emesis. Abdominal radiographs identified a suspected colonic foreign body and abdominal-focused assessment with sonography for trauma, triage and tracking (AFAST) evaluation revealed a large amount of peritoneal effusion. Cytology of the peritoneal effusion was consistent with a septic exudate. An exploratory celiotomy identified a ruptured ileocecocolic mass and a resection and anastomosis was performed. No foreign material was identified and histopathology confirmed that the ruptured mass was a colonic duplication cyst. Recurrent septic peritonitis was diagnosed based on cytologic evaluation of fluid from a silicone bulb reservoir of a closed suction drain. No abnormalities were surgically identified, the cat recovered without complication, was discharged at 7 days postoperatively and has continued to remain healthy 8 months after surgical intervention. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first known instance of a histopathologically confirmed non-communicating colonic duplication cyst causing septic peritonitis in the veterinary literature.