bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving text recall with multiple summaries
Authors: van der Meij Hans , van der Meij Jan 
Published: March 2011

Background. QuikScan (QS) is an innovative design that aims to improve accessibility, comprehensibility, and subsequent recall of expository text by means of frequent within‐document summaries that are formatted as numbered list items. The numbers in the QS summaries correspond to numbers placed in the body of the document where the summarized ideas are discussed in full.Aim. To examine the influence of QS summaries on participants’ perceptions of text quality (i.e., comprehensibility, structure, and interest) and recall, an experimental – control group design compared the effects of a QS text with a structured abstract (SA) text.Sample. Forty psychology students participated voluntarily or received course credits.Method. Students first read a control (SA) or experimental (QS) text on flashbulb memory (FBM). Next, their perceptions of text quality were measured through a questionnaire. Recall was assessed with an open answer test with items for facts, comprehension and higher order information.Results. Perceptions of text quality did not vary across conditions. But QS did lead to significantly and substantially (d= 1.57) higher overall recall scores. Participants with the QS text performed significantly better on all item types than participants with the SA text.Conclusion. Studying a QS text led to a substantial improvement in recall compared to an SA text. Further research is needed to examine how readers study QS texts and whether a text model hypothesis or a repetition effect hypothesis accounts for the effectiveness. The first hypothesis posits that the QS summaries support the reader in constructing a text schema. The second attributes the effects of these summaries to their repetition of text topics.
Altered muscle activation following hamstring injuries
Authors: Sole Gisela , Milosavljevic Stephan , Nicholson Helen , Sullivan S John 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity of gluteal and thigh muscles of sportspeople with a recent hamstring injury with uninjured controls during a weight-bearing task.Study designCross-sectional.SettingUniversity laboratory.Participants16 participants with a hamstring injury (hamstring-injured group, HG) and 18 control participants (control group (CG)) participated in the study.Main outcome measureThe EMG activity of gluteal, quadriceps and hamstring muscles was recorded during a movement from double- to single-leg movement using surface electrodes.ResultsThe EMG onsets of biceps femoris and medial hamstrings were significantly earlier for the HG injured and the uninjured sides in preparation for single-leg standing when compared with the CG average. There were no differences in onsets for the gluteal and quadriceps muscles when comparing the injured or uninjured legs of the HG to the bilateral average of the CG.ConclusionThe earlier onset of the injured and the uninjured hamstrings in preparation for single leg stance of the HG in comparison with the CG suggests an alteration in the motor control of these muscles. Altered neuromuscular control following a hamstring injury may be a factor to be considered in the rehabilitation of hamstring injuries.
THE CREATION OF NOVEL AND MARKETABLE SERVICE IDEAS
Authors: CHANG C. M. 
Published: March 2011

Novel and marketable service ideas are useful to most service enterprises. However, the literature has identified several reasons for innovations in services as lagging behind those in manufacturing. Some service enterprises believe that service ideas and innovations are readily imitated by competitors. Others view the impact of service innovations on profitability difficult to assess because specific innovative service elements are typically bundled with many other service elements when delivered to or used by customers. Some service enterprises do not have in-house groups specifically dedicated to innovative pursuits, making it difficult for them to systematically produce new service ideas. Furthermore, because services are usually produced and consumed concurrently, any failure tends to expose the service enterprise immediately, unlike the manufacturing companies which can minimize such risks of exposure by conducting pilot testing away from the marketplace. As a result, many service enterprises are said to shy away from aggressively pursuing new service development projects. It does not have to be this way. This paper describes the combinatorial, heuristic, and normatively guided method, which when correctly applied to a service enterprise enhances the generation of new service ideas in a systematic, speedy, and cost-effective manner, and without requiring the creation of a dedicated and rigid organizational structure. Virtual teams of the "stealth" type are set up to address innovation needs related to marketability and cost competitiveness. These teams may include frontline customer-facing employees as well as customers, suppliers, and other external experts, who can work together despite geographical and time-zone constraints. The application of this method toward developing a specific new service idea is discussed in greater detail. The integration of a "stealth" team can also be readily applied to the front end of a typical stage-gate service development process, whereby parallel teams are engaged to address critical issues and steps needed to successfully market a service idea before initiating costly development, thereby raising the service enterprises' overall probability of developing commercially successful new services over time.
LEAN INNOVATION–INTRODUCING VALUE SYSTEMS TO PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: SCHUH G. , LENDERS M. , HIEBER S. 
Published: March 2011

The implementation of lean thinking in innovation management has not been executed systematically yet. For instance, high uncertainties of processes or limited possibilities for automation in research and development (R&D) indicate special requirements for the implementation of lean thinking. A competitive R&D requires a holistic rethinking for the implementation of lean thinking. The lean innovation system represents the systematic interpretation of lean thinking principles with reference to product or process innovation and development. One core element of lean innovation is the value system, which is the basis for the value stream design in innovation and development projects. The value system defines, structures and prioritizes "values" adaptively for one specific innovation project. The values are defined by all relevant stakeholders in the innovation and development process, like external and internal customers, considering an organization's strategy and culture. It represents the basis for a consequent value-oriented alignment of project and processes in R&D. This paper introduces lean innovation and the core findings of the recent survey "Lean innovation" of the Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering WZL at RWTH Aachen University. Subsequently, the paper focuses on the value system, describes its elements, and shows how to use and benefit from the value system toward a powerful lean innovation.
Connexin-26 Is a Key Factor Mediating Gemcitabine Bystander Effect
Authors: Garcia-Rodríguez Laura , Pérez-Torras Sandra , Carrió Meritxell , Cascante Anna , García-Ribas Ignacio , Mazo Adela , Fillat Cristina 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analogue with anticancer activity. Inside the cell, it is sequentially phosphorylated to generate the active drug. Phosphorylated nucleoside analogues have been shown to traffic through gap junctions. We investigated the participation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) as a possible mechanism spreading gemcitabine cytotoxicity in pancreatic tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis of pancreatic cancer biopsies revealed increased connexin 26 (Cx26) content but loss of connexins 32 (Cx32) and 43 (Cx43) expression. Cx26 abundance in neoplastic areas was confirmed by Cx26 mRNA in situ hybridization. Heterogeneity on the expression levels and the localization of Cx26, Cx32, and Cx43 were identified in pancreatic cancer cells and found to be associated with the extent of GJIC, and correlated with gemcitabine bystander cytotoxic effect. The abundance of Cx26 at the contact points in tumoral regions prompted us to study the involvement of Cx26 in the GJIC of gemcitabine toxic metabolites and their influence on the antitumoral effects of gemcitabine. Knockdown of Cx26 led to decreased GJIC and reduced gemcitabine bystander killing whereas overexpression of Cx26 triggered increased GJIC and enhanced the gemcitabine cytotoxic bystander effect. Gemcitabine treatment of mice bearing tumors, with a high GJIC capacity, resulted in a significant delay in tumor progression. Interestingly, gemcitabine administration in mice bearing tumors that overexpress Cx26 triggered a dramatic tumor regression of 50% from the initial volume. This study shows that Cx26 participates in the gap junction–mediated bystander cytoxic effect of gemcitabine and provides evidence that upregulation of Cx26 improves gemcitabine anticancer efficacy. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(3); 505–17. ©2011 AACR.
In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging of Large-Vessel Thrombosis in Mice
Authors: Cooley Brian C. 
Published: March 2011

Objective—
Experimental studies of large-vessel thrombosis have been adapted for applications in mice, but they proffer limited quantifiable information in outcome measures. This study presents a novel approach for evaluating large-vessel thrombogenesis with temporally/spatially quantifiable measures and normalization methods for interanimal comparisons.

Methods and Results—
Shuttered, beam-expanded lasers provided uniform narrow-wavelength illumination of a ×100 microsurgical field with a large depth of focus. Thrombosis was generated in murine carotid arteries and femoral veins by brief vascular surface electrolytic injury. Thrombus-targeting fluorophores were injected systemically and subsequently localized at the site of thrombus induction. A low-light digital video camera with filter wheel provided target-specific image acquisition over a 60-minute interval. Platelets accumulated with a subsequent fibrin border emerging to stabilize the clot in both arteries and veins. Coagulation enzyme complexes colocalized with fibrin deposition. Large arteries underwent cyclic massive thromboembolization, whereas veins showed gradual shedding of microemboli and clot contraction. Systemic administration of fibrin- and platelet-inhibiting compounds reduced their respective targets but also often inhibited their clotting counterparts (platelets and fibrin, respectively) in both arteries and veins.

Conclusion—
Intermediate-level magnified image capture represents a novel approach for analysis of fluorescence-based in vivo imaging, with quantitative application to the study of large-vessel thrombosis.
Intravascular Ultrasound Results From the NEVO ResElution-I Trial
Authors: Otake Hiromasa , Honda Yasuhiro , Courtney Brian K. , Shimohama Takao , Ako Junya , Waseda Katsuhisa , Macours Nathalie , Rogers Campbell , Popma Jeffrey J. , Abizaid Alexandre , Ormiston John A. , Spaulding Christian , Cohen Sidney A. , Fitzgerald Peter J. 
Published: March 2011

Background—
The NEVO sirolimus-eluting stent (NEVO SES) is a novel cobalt-chromium stent combining sirolimus release from reservoirs with bioabsorbable polymer to reduce spatial and temporal polymer exposure. The aim of this study was to assess the arterial response to the NEVO SES in a randomized, blinded comparison versus the surface-coated TAXUS Liberte paclitaxel-eluting stent (TAXUS Liberté PES) in human native coronary lesions using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

Methods and Results—

The NEVO ResElution-I IVUS substudy enrolled 100 patients (1:1 randomization). In addition to standard IVUS variables, uniformity of neointimal distribution within stents was evaluated in 3 dimensions by computing mean neointimal thickness within 12 equally spaced radial sectors on every 1-mm cross section along the stented segment. The NEVO SES showed significantly less neointimal proliferation (neointimal obstruction: 5.5±11.0% versus 11.5±9.7%,
P
=0.02), resulting in less late lumen area loss and smaller maximum cross-sectional narrowing at 6 months. The absolute variability of neointima distribution, assessed by the standard deviation of neointimal thickness within each stent, was significantly reduced with the NEVO SES compared with the TAXUS Liberté PES(0.04±0.04 mm versus 0.10±0.07 mm,
P
<0.0001). TAXUS Liberté PES showed significantly greater positive vessel remodeling than the NEVO SES (Δvessel volume index: 1.30±1.36 mm
3
/mm versus 0.36±0.63 mm
3
/mm, respectively,
P
=0.003).

Conclusions—
The NEVO SES with focal release of sirolimus from reservoirs achieved significantly greater and more consistent suppression of neointimal hyperplasia than the surface-coated TAXUS Liberté PES. This was associated with less positive remodeling and no increased morphological or morphometric abnormalities surrounding the stent or at the stent margins.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00714883.
Incidence of Stroke and Socioeconomic Neighborhood Characteristics
Authors: Grimaud Olivier , Béjot Yannick , Heritage Zoe , Vallée Julie , Durier Jerôme , Cadot Emmanuelle , Giroud Maurice , Chauvin Pierre 
Published: March 2011

Background and Purpose—
Studies have shown higher stroke incidence in areas with higher levels of deprivation. We aimed to determine the pattern of association between various area socioeconomic status (SES) indicators and stroke incidence in specific sex and age groups.

Methods—
Data are from the Dijon stroke registry for the period 1995 to 2003. The analyses included 1255 cases aged older than 40 (median age, 76.8). Poisson regression was used to model stroke incidence according to the SES level of 61 small areas.

Results—

Among women, stroke incidence was higher in neighborhoods with large income inequality (incidence rate ratio, 1.34;
P
=0.003), higher proportions of unemployed (1.24;
P
=0.02), of non-French nationals (1.21,
P
=0.02), and of rented housing (1.31;
P
=0.03). Areas with a higher proportion of people aged older than 60 were associated with lower stroke incidence (incidence rate ratio, 0.72;
P
=0.01). Analysis by specific age-groups showed stronger effects among the 60- to 74-year-olds. Among men, no associations between SES and stroke incidence were identified overall but analysis by age groups showed significant effect among the 40- to 59-year-olds. In this age group, incidence rate ratios were 1.47 for unemployment (
P
=0.01), 1.86 for no car ownership (
P
=0.02), and 1.56 for income inequality (
P
=0.01). Among stroke cases, no trend in vascular risk factors prevalence according to area SES was identified.

Conclusions—
Variations of stroke incidence were more marked for the SES indicators of wealth and of income inequality. They were apparent at an earlier age in men and showed a stronger gradient among women.
Promoting Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Dirks Maaike , Niessen Louis W. , van Wijngaarden Jeroen D.H. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Franke Cees L. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Huijsman Robbert , Lingsma Hester F. , Minkman Mirella M.N. , Dippel Diederik W.J. ,   for the PRomoting ACute Thrombolysis in Ischemic StrokE (PRACTISE) Investigators
Published: March 2011

Background and Purpose—
Thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke, but the number of treatable patients is limited. The PRomoting ACute Thrombolysis in Ischemic StrokE (PRACTISE) trial evaluated the effectiveness of a multidimensional implementation strategy for thrombolysis with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
The PRACTISE trial was a national multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial with randomization after pairwise matching. Twelve hospitals, both urban and community, academic and nonacademic, in the Netherlands participated. All patients admitted with stroke within 24 hours from onset of symptoms were registered. The intervention included 5 implementation meetings based on the Breakthrough Series model. The primary outcome was treatment with thrombolysis. Secondary outcomes were admission within 4 hours after onset of symptoms, death or disability at 3 months, and quality of life.

Results—
Overall 5515 patients were included in the study' 308 patients (12.2%) in the control centers and 393 patients (13.1%) in the intervention centers were treated with thrombolysis (adjusted OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.68). Among the 1657 patients with ischemic stroke admitted within 4 hours from onset, 391 (44.5%) of 880 in the intervention centers were treated with thrombolysis and 305 (39.3%) of 777 in the control centers; the adjusted OR for treatment with thrombolysis was 1.58 (95% CI, 1.11 to 2.27).

Conclusions—
An intensive implementation strategy increases the proportion of patients with acute stroke treated with thrombolysis in real-life settings. An apparently pivotal factor in the improvement of the treatment rate is better application of contraindications for thrombolysis.
Knowledge of Ischemic Stroke Risk Factors and Warning Signs After a Health Education Program by Medical Students
Authors: Gutiérrez-Jiménez Eugenio , Góngora-Rivera Fernando , Martínez Héctor R. , Escamilla-Garza Juan M. , Villarreal Héctor Jorge 
Published: March 2011

Background and Purpose—
A delay in recognizing early warning signs (WS) and risk factors (RF) of ischemic stroke causes a delay in treatment. We evaluated knowledge of RF and WS and the impact of an educational program by medical students.

Methods—

We first surveyed individuals to determine knowledge of WS and RF. Then, after a 6-month education program, knowledge was reassessed. The questionnaire included sociodemographic and comorbidity data. A χ
2
and Mann-Whitney
U
test, as well as a multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine variables associated with knowledge, were used.

Results—

We performed 329 baseline and 355 posteducation surveys. Initially, 57.1% mentioned at least 1 RF; this later increased to 65.9%. Mentions of obesity, dyslipidemias, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus increased significantly. With regard to WS, 37.6% mentioned at least 1, which increased to 48.1% who mentioned weakness in 1 limb, in half the body, severe headache, and altered vision. Educational level (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.42–4.53;
P
=0.001), employment (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.08–2.74;
P
=0.021), a family history of brain infarction (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.35–4.11;
P
=0.02), obesity (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.026–2.6;
P
=0.038), and having received information in the last 6 months (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.51–4.83;
P
=0.001) were associated with a better understanding of RF and WS.

Conclusions—
The educational program was cost-effective and had a positive impact on knowledge of RF and WS of ischemic stroke. More education programs are required to improve knowledge of ischemic stroke.
Silent Brain Infarcts
Authors: Zhu Yi-Cheng , Dufouil Carole , Tzourio Christophe , Chabriat Hugues 
Published: March 2011

Background and Purpose—
Silent brain infarcts (SBIs) have been recognized as common lesions in elderly subjects and their diagnosis relies on brain imaging. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the different MRI parameters and criteria used for their evaluation in the literature to better understand the variation across studies and related limitations.

Method—
Original MRI studies of SBI performed in human populations and reported in the English literature were reviewed. Analyses were restricted to population-based studies or studies in which at least 50 subjects with SBI were detected. The MRI parameters as well as the MRI criteria of SBI (size, signal characteristics, and criteria for differentiation of dilated Virchow-Robin spaces) were described and analyzed.

Result—
Magnetic field strength, slice thickness, and gap between slices greatly varied among the 45 articles included in this review. The MRI definition of SBI was inconsistent across studies. In half of them, SBI was defined as hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Exclusion criteria for dilated Virchow-Robin spaces were used only in 7 studies.

Conclusions—
The variation in MRI characteristics and diagnostic criteria for SBI represent a major limitation for interpretation and comparison of data between studies. Efforts are needed to reach unified imaging criteria for SBI.
Autonomic Shift and Increased Susceptibility to Infections After Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Sykora Marek , Diedler Jennifer , Poli Sven , Rizos Timolaos , Turcani Peter , Veltkamp Roland , Steiner Thorsten 
Published: March 2011

Background and Purpose—
High infection rate after severe stroke may partly relate to brain-induced immunodepression syndrome. However, the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of autonomic shift in increased susceptibility to infection after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods—
We retrospectively analyzed 62 selected patients with acute ICH from our prospective database. Autonomic shift was assessed using the cross-correlational baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). The occurrence and cause of in-hospital infections were assessed based on the clinical and laboratory courses. Demographic and clinical data including initial stroke severity, hemorrhage volume, intraventricular blood extension, history of aspiration, and invasive procedures such as mechanical ventilation, surgical hematoma evacuation, external ventricular drainage, central venous and urinary catheters, and nasogastric feeding were recorded and included in the analysis.

Results—

We identified 36 (58%) patients with infection during the first 5 days of hospital stay. Patients with infections had significantly lower BRS, higher initial NIHSS scores, larger hemorrhages, and more frequently had intraventricular blood extension and underwent invasive procedures. In the multivariate regression model, decreased BRS (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32–0.91;
P
=0.02) and invasive procedures (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.5–3.6;
P
<0.001) remained independent predictors for an infection after ICH.

Conclusions—
Decreased BRS was independently associated with infections after ICH. Autonomic shift may play an important role in increased susceptibility to infections after acute brain injury including ICH. The possible therapeutic relevance of autonomic modulation warrants further studies.