bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Burden of Betel Quid Abuse and Its Relation to Oral Premalignant Disorders in South, Southeast, and East Asia: An Asian Betel-Quid Consortium Study
Authors: Lee Chien-Hung , Min-Shan Ko Albert , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Ling Tian-You , Sunarjo  , Rajapakse Palandage Sunethra , Zain Rosnah Binti , Ibrahim Salah Osman , Zhang Shan-Shan , Wu Han-Jiang , Liu Lin , Kuntoro  , Utomo Budi , Warusavithana Supun Amila , Razak Ishak Abdul , Abdullah Norlida , Shrestha Prashanta , Shieh Tien-Yu , Yen Cheng-Fang , Ko Ying-Chin 
Published: January 2012

Objectives. We investigated the population burden of betel quid abuse and its related impact on oral premalignant disorders (OPDs) in South, Southeast, and East Asia.Methods. The Asian Betel-Quid Consortium conducted a multistage sampling of 8922 representative participants from Taiwan, Mainland China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. Participants received an interviewer-administered survey and were examined for oral mucosal disorders.Results. The prevalence of betel quid abuse was 0.8% to 46.3% across 6 Asian populations. The abuse frequency was over 40.5% for current chewers, with the highest proportion in Nepalese and Southeast Asian chewers (76.9%−99.6%). Tobacco-added betel quid conferred higher abuse rates (74.4%−99.6%) among Malaysian, Indonesian, and Sri Lankan men than did tobacco-free betel quid (21.8%−89.1%). Gender, lower education level, younger age at chewing initiation, and clustering of familial betel quid use significantly contributed to higher abuse rates. Indonesian betel quid abusers showed the highest prevalence of OPDs and had a greater risk of OPDs than did nonabusers.Conclusions. Betel quid abuse is high in regions of Asia where it is customarily practiced, and such abuse correlates highly with OPDs. By recognizing abuse-associated factors, health policies and preventive frameworks can be effectively constructed to combat these oral preneoplasms.
Evidence-based health care in Nepal: The importance of systematic reviews
Authors: Van Teijlingen Edwin Roland , Simkhada Bibha , Ireland Jillian C.M. , Simkhada Padam P. , Bruce Julie 
Published: January 2012

Systematic reviewing involves a structured, rigorous, and objective approach to provide a critical synthesis of the available evidence in a particular field. This paper provides a guide to the key steps to undertake a systematic review. It describes the steps to search for relevant literature, provides advice on how to extract data, synthesize and then interpret data during the review process. It also provides the key references and guidelines which are commonly used for systematic review. It is important that researchers conduct and publish systematic reviews to help generate appropriate evidence to interventions and identify gaps in ‘local’ research. The authors argue that there is a place for systematic reviews in health services research in Nepal. Finally, this paper acknowledges that evidence should be considered within the local health situation and context.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i4.5498 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1(4):114-118
Medications for Anxiety: A Drug utilization study in Psychiatry Inpatients from a Tertiary Care Centre of Western Nepal
Authors: Banerjee Indrajit , Roy Bedanta , Sathian Brijesh , Banerjee Indraneel , Kumar Sai Sailesh , Saha Archana 
Published: January 2012

Background Anxiety is the most widespread psychiatric disorder and generalized anxiety disorder is the most common disease seen in the primary care setting. Currently there are a number of anxiolytic drugs commercially available in the market for treatment of these disorders such as Benzodiazepines like Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Alprazolam, Betablockers like Propranolol and H1 Antihistaminics like Hydroxyzine. Some of the newer anxiolytics like Buspirone in Azapirone group is marketed as better anxiolytic drug than the traditional drugs. Buspirone is promoted as a better drug for anxiety, as it does not cause any sedation, tolerance or physical dependence. A need for study further increases as there is no sufficient data on utilization pattern of anxiolytics on Nepalese population. This is the first study done in the utilization pattern of anxiolytic drugs in inpatient in Nepal. Methods This is an observational study undertaken between 1st October 2009 and 31st March 2010 at the Psychiatric inpatient Department of Manipal Teaching Hospital. The prescribing pattern of Anxiolytic drugs was measured. Out of a total of 240 cases who were admitted to psychiatry inpatient ward, 38 cases have received Anxiolytic drugs. Those who were critically ill with anxiety were included in the study. Results Out of 240 cases who were admitted to psychiatry inpatient, 130 were male patients (54.2%), 95% CI [47.9,60.5] and the rest were female patients (45.8%), CI [39.5,52.1] . In 38 cases of anxiety, the age of the patient <40 years 89.5% and >40 years 10.5%. Anxiety was more common in females 71.1% than in males 28.9%. 68.4% of the patients were unemployed whereas only 31.6% of the patients were employed. 78.9% of the drugs were prescribed by trade name. Among the anxiolytics, the commonest drug prescribed was Alprazolam (50%), followed by Clonazepam (31.6%), Chlordiazepoxide (15.8%) and Lorazepam (2.6%). Conclusion Utilization patterns of drugs for anxiolytics were according to treatment guidelines and suggested a trend towards the use of shorter acting Benzodiazepines such as Alprazolam. Continuous and prolonged use of longer acting Benzodiazepines has resulted in dependence and may have withdrawal symptoms when the dosage of these drugs is reduced or treatment is stopped.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i4.5753 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1(4):119-125
The Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Review of the Qualitative Literature
Authors: Morgan Ruth , Long Tony 
Published: January 2012

Introduction: This review investigates qualitative evidence regarding the effectiveness of motor interventions for children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Method: Six databases were searched for qualitative studies conducted with school-age children with DCD and their parents to understand better which occupational therapy interventions are most effective for decreasing core symptoms and improving occupational outcomes. The Model of Human Occupation was used as a guide to structure the discussion and to illustrate how a model can be used to guide the therapeutic reasoning process regarding future intervention decisions. Findings: The findings suggest that, for many families, intervention that addressed everyday occupations and the social consequences for children with DCD was of the utmost importance. Most parents' greatest hope for intervention was to maximise their child's social participation and motivation. Parents described successful interventions that enabled their child to participate regularly in his or her chosen motor activities within the community and that created social participation opportunities. Although children reported similar concerns to parents, they also valued their ability to engage in self-care and play activities. Conclusion: The qualitative evidence supports the need for practitioners to incorporate the priorities of parents and children in order to optimise the outcomes of intervention. Parental and teacher education was highly valued by parents to help manage their uncertainty and worry associated with raising a child with DCD.
Mindfulness and Older People: A Small Study
Authors: Martin Marion , Doswell Sinikka 
Published: January 2012

Introduction: Very little research examines how older people respond to mindfulness-based therapy, nor has there been much literature on the subject published by occupational therapists. Method: This small research study was carried out with four older people who attended mindfulness classes run by an occupational therapist. Focus groups took place during the classes, and follow-up interviews were carried out a year later. Interpretative qualitative analysis was used to analyse data. Findings: The findings indicated that all four participants readily accepted this approach, believing it was especially suited to their age group. Although they all reported positive experiences during the classes, one year on they were either too ill to be interviewed or found that life events had prevented them from continuing to be mindful. Conclusion: The use of mindfulness-based therapy with older people is recommended, but more research is needed in this area.
Prevalence and factors associated with uveitis in spondylarthritis patients in France: Results from an observational survey
Authors: Canouï‐Poitrine F. , Lekpa F. Kemta , Farrenq V. , Boissinot V. , Hacquard‐Bouder C. , Comet D. , Bastuji‐Garin S. , Thibout E. , Claudepierre P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo accurately estimate the prevalence of and the factors associated with uveitis in spondylarthritis (SpA) patients in France.MethodsIn an observational survey of SpA patients (diagnosis confirmed by the European Spondylarthropathy Study Group and/or Amor's criteria) consulting their rheumatologist for routine followup, we collected information regarding present/past history of uveitis, as well as detailed characteristics of the disease. Factors independently associated with uveitis were determined.ResultsFrom September 2008 to January 2009, 202 rheumatologists participated in the survey and recruited 902 patients (61% men) with a mean ± SD age of 45.3 ± 13.4 years and a mean ± SD disease duration of 10.4 ± 9.6 years. The SpA diagnoses were ankylosing spondylitis (71%), psoriatic arthritis (18%), or other SpA (11%). The HLA–B27 positivity rate was 76%. Uveitis prevalence was 32.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 29.1–35.3%) since psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease were 22.3% (95% CI 19.5–25.0%) and 8.6% (95% CI 6.7–10.5%), respectively. Recurrence of uveitis occurred in 52.3% and complications occurred in 11.7% of patients. Factors independently associated with uveitis were HLA–B27 positivity (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 2.97 [95% CI 1.83–4.81], P < 0.0001) and disease duration (ORadj 1.28 [95% CI 1.16–1.41], P < 0.0001 for ≥10 years).ConclusionResults indicate that uveitis is the most common extraarticular feature of SpA, occurring preferentially in HLA–B27–positive patients over the entire course of the disease.
Low Temperature Studies of Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Grignard Reagents with Aryl Electrophiles
Authors: Kleimark Jonatan , Larsson Per‐Fredrik , Emamy Parisa , Hedström Anna , Norrby Per‐Ola 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe title reaction has been studied under low temperature conditions. Coupling with active substrates can be done even at dry ice temperature. Initial rate studies at −25 °C indicate that high concentrations of any reagent can lead to either complete or partial catalyst deactivation. Under strongly reducing conditions, iron seems to form less active complexes that only slowly re‐enter the catalytic cycle, possibly through bimolecular coupling of iron(II) complexes. Computational studies support the experimental observations, and indicate that oxidation states below +I cannot be reached by reductive elimination.
A Novel Sodium Nitrite‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling for Constructing Polymethoxyphenanthrene Rings
Authors: Su Bo , Li Ling , Hu Yanna , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAn efficient and green oxidative coupling for the direct construction of polymethoxyphenanthrene rings has been developed, which uses environment‐friendly sodium nitrite as catalyst and oxygen as terminal oxidant. This methodology also provides an alternative possibility for forming biaryl products.
Work Function Control of Interfacial Buffer Layers for Efficient and Air‐Stable Inverted Low‐Bandgap Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Worfolk Brian J. , Hauger Tate C. , Harris Kenneth D. , Rider David A. , Fordyce Jordan A. M. , Beaupré Serge , Leclerc Mario , Buriak Jillian M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA water‐soluble cationic polythiophene derivative, poly[3‐(6‐{4‐tert‐butylpyridiniumyl}‐hexyl)thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] [P3(TBP)HT], is combined with anionic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(p‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates via electrostatic layer‐by‐layer (eLbL) assembly. By varying the number of eLbL layers, the electrode's work function is precisely controlled from 4.6 to 3.8 eV. These polymeric coatings are used as cathodic interfacial modifiers for inverted‐mode organic photovoltaics that incorporate a photoactive layer composed of either poly[(3‐hexylthiophene)‐2,5‐diyl] (P3HT) and the fullerene acceptor [6,6‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) or the low bandgap polymer [poly({4,8‐di(2‐ethylhexyloxyl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene}‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐({5‐octylthieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione}‐1,3‐diyl) (PBDTTPD)] and the electron acceptor [6,6‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)]. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the resulting photovoltaic device is dependent on the composition of the eLbL‐assembled interface and permits the fabrication of devices with efficiencies of 3.8% and 5.6% for P3HT and PBDTTPD donor polymers, respectively. Notably, these devices demonstrate significant stability with a P3HT:PC61BM system maintaining 83% of its original PCE after 1 year of storage and a PBDTTPD:PC71BM system maintaining 97% of its original PCE after over 1000 h of storage in air, according to the ISOS‐D‐1 shelf protocol.
Genome‐wide association study of N370S homozygous Gaucher disease reveals the candidacy of CLN8 gene as a genetic modifier contributing to extreme phenotypic variation
Authors: Zhang Clarence K. , Stein Philip B. , Liu Jun , Wang Zuoheng , Yang Ruhua , Cho Judy H. , Gregersen Peter K. , Aerts Johannes M.F.G. , Zhao Hongyu , Pastores Gregory M. , Mistry Pramod K. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMutations in GBA1 gene result in defective acid β‐glucosidase and the complex phenotype of Gaucher disease (GD) related to the accumulation of glucosylceramide‐laden macrophages. The phenotype is highly variable even among patients harboring identical GBA1 mutations. We hypothesize that modifier gene(s) underlie phenotypic diversity in GD and performed a GWAS study in Ashkenazi Jewish patients with type 1 GD (GD1), homozygous for N370S mutation. Patients were assigned to mild, moderate, or severe disease categories using composite disease severity scoring systems. Whole‐genome genotyping for >500,000 SNPs was performed to search for association signals using OQLS algorithm in 139 eligible patients. Several SNPs in linkage disequilibrium within the CLN8 gene locus were associated with the GD1 severity: SNP rs11986414 was associated with GD1 severity at P value 1.26 × 10−6. Compared to mild disease, risk allele A at rs11986414 conferred an odds ratio of 3.72 for moderate/severe disease. Loss of function mutations in CLN8 causes neuronal ceroid‐lipofuscinosis, but our results indicate that its increased expression may protect against severe GD1. In cultured skin fibroblasts, the relative expression of CLN8 was higher in mild GD compared to severely affected patients, in whom CLN8 risk alleles were overrepresented. In an in vitro cell model of GD, CLN8 expression was increased, which was further enhanced in the presence of bioactive substrate, glucosylsphingosine. Taken together, CLN8 is a candidate modifier gene for GD1 that may function as a protective sphingolipid sensor and/or in glycosphingolipid trafficking. Future studies should explore the role of CLN8 in pathophysiology of GD. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corticosteroids and rituximab as adjunctive treatments for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: George James N. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlthough treatment with plasma exchange increased the survival of patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura to 80% in the 1980s, no further increase of survival occurred over the next 20 years. However, more consistent use of adjuvant treatment with corticosteroids and rituximab in recent years has begun to further increase survival as well as decrease the frequency of relapse. With adjuvant treatment, durable remissions can be achieved more quickly, requiring fewer days of plasma exchange. Fewer days of plasma exchange have resulted in fewer complications, such as central venous catheter‐related systemic infections. Future potential options for adjuvant treatment, recombinant ADAMTS13 to correct severe ADAMTS13 deficiency, and agents to block von Willebrand factor‐mediated platelet thrombosis are being investigated. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Theory of food” as a neurocognitive adaptation
Authors: Allen John S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractHuman adult cognition emerges over the course of development via the interaction of multiple critical neurocognitive networks. These networks evolved in response to various selection pressures, many of which were modified or intensified by the intellectual, technological, and sociocultural environments that arose in connection with the evolution of genus Homo. Networks related to language and theory of mind clearly play an important role in adult cognition. Given the critical importance of food to both basic survival and cultural interaction, a “theory of food” (analogous to theory of mind) may represent another complex network essential for normal cognition. I propose that theory of food evolved as an internal, cognitive representation of our diets in our minds. Like other complex cognitive abilities, it relies on complex and overlapping dedicated neural networks that develop in childhood under familial and cultural influences. Normative diets are analogous to first languages in that they are acquired without overt teaching; they are also difficult to change or modify once a critical period in development is passed. Theory of food suggests that cognitive activities related to food may be cognitive enhancers, which could have implications for maintaining healthy brain function in aging. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acetaldehyde scavengers and their effects on thermal stability and physical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Mrozinski Brent A. , Lofgren Elizabeth A. , Jabarin Saleh A. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe acetaldehyde (AA) scavenging abilities of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends containing various concentrations of anthranilamide, meta‐xylenediamine (MXDA), or alpha‐cyclodextrin have been evaluated. It was found that higher AA scavenger concentrations generally resulted in greater reductions in detectable AA in terms of both the AA generation rates and residual AA contents. As little as 100 ppm, by weight, of anthranilamide and MXDA were respectively shown to reduce residual AA detected in PET preforms by 46% and 36%. Melt‐blending 500 ppm of alpha‐cyclodextrin, into PET, reduced preform residual AA concentration by 42%. The scavengers acted as PET nucleating agents causing more rapid crystallization while heating the blends from the glassy state and when cooling from the melt; however, they caused no changes in the glass transitions, melting characteristics, or oxygen permeation behaviors of the blends. Addition of optimal scavenger concentrations had minimal effects on preform intrinsic viscosity and color changes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Towards a Unified Theory of Trauma and its Consequences
Authors: Lewis Jonathan D. 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTPsychoanalysis was founded on the idea that childhood trauma was repressed and that symptoms arose as the result of the return of the repressed memories in disguised form. Current experience with symptoms following catastrophic trauma in adults finds that these symptoms result from the inability to repress memories of the trauma. Part I of the article investigates the differences in these two formulations and their apparent contradiction. Part II discusses theoretic views and clinical material that point to the possibility of underlying theoretical similarities in Freud's understanding of the consequences of trauma and the consequences of massive trauma in adult life. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5‐Thiomannosides Block the Biosynthesis of Dolichol‐Linked Oligosaccharides and Mimic Class I Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation
Authors: Zandberg Wesley F. , Gao Ningguo , Kumarasamy Jayakanthan , Lehrman Mark A. , Seidah Nabil G. , Pinto B. Mario 
Published: January 2012

AbstractIn a cell‐based assay for novel inhibitors, we have discovered that two glycosides of 5‐thiomannose, each containing an interglycosidic nitrogen atom, prevented the correct zymogen processing of the prohormone proopiomelanocortinin (POMC) and the transcription factor sterol‐regulatory element‐binding protein‐2 (SREBP‐2) in mouse pituitary cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, respectively. In the case of SREBP‐2, these effects were correlated with the altered N‐linked glycosylation of subtilisin/kexin‐like isozyme‐1 (SKI‐1), the protease responsible for SREBP‐2 processing under sterol‐limiting conditions. Further examination of the effects of these compounds in CHO cells showed that they cause extensive protein hypoglycosylation in a manner similar to type I congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) since the remaining N‐glycans in treated cells were complete (normal) structures. The under‐glycosylation of glycoproteins in 5‐thiomannoside‐treated cells is now shown to be caused by the compromised biosynthesis of the dolichol‐linked oligosaccharide (DLO) N‐glycosylation donor, although the nucleotide sugars required for the synthesis of DLOs were neither reduced under these conditions, nor were their effects reversed upon the addition of exogenous mannose. Analysis of DLO intermediates by fluorophore‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis demonstrated that 5‐thiomannose‐containing glycosides block DLO biosynthesis most likely at a stage prior to the GlcNAc2Man3 intermediate, on the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum.
Template Effects in SN2 Displacements for the Preparation of Pseudopeptidic Macrocycles
Authors: Martí‐Centelles Vicente , Burguete M. Isabel , Luis Santiago V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractMacrocyclisation reactions ofC2‐symmetric pseudopeptides containing central pyridine‐derived spacers are affected by the presence of different anions. The selection of the proper anion gives excellent results for the preparation of the corresponding macrocyclic structures. Kinetic studies show that the presence of those anions enhances both the yield and the rate of the reaction. Computational studies at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level have allowed us to rationalise the experimental results. The obtained transition states (TSs) show that the interaction between the anion and the open‐chain pseudopeptidic chain has a stabilising effect. The anion stabilises the two TSs involved: the first one, which involves the formation of the initial bond between the two subunits and leads to an open‐chain intermediate, and the second one, which precedes the formation of the cyclic structure. The optimum anion (Br−when the central spacer is derived from 2,6‐bis(aminomethyl)pyridine, is able to act as a template, in that it forces the two ends of the open‐chain intermediate to approach each other by forming hydrogen bonds with the two amino acid subunits present in the intermediate. This stabilises the second TS to a greater extent than the first one, and thus, favours macrocyclisation over the competing oligomerisation reactions. The computational calculations also allowed us to predict the outcome of new experiments. Accordingly, the synthesis of the pseudopeptidic macrocycle derived from 2,6‐diaminopyridine was not successful under the optimised conditions previously used. Nevertheless, calculations predicted that in this case Cl−should be more efficient than Br−, and this was subsequently experimentally confirmed. Interestingly, the presence of different substituents on the constituent amino acids seems to play a minor role in the overall process.