bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abatacept improves health‐related quality of life, pain, sleep quality, and daily participation in subjects with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Ruperto Nicolino , Lovell Daniel J. , Li Tracy , Sztajnbok Flavio , Goldenstein‐Schainberg Claudia , Scheinberg Morton , Penades Inmaculada Calvo , Fischbach Michael , Alcala Javier Orozco , Hashkes Philip J. , Hom Christine , Jung Lawrence , Lepore Loredana , Oliveira Sheila , Wallace Carol , Alessio Maria , Quartier Pierre , Cortis Elisabetta , Eberhard Anne , Simonini Gabriele , Lemelle Irene , Chalom Elizabeth Candell , Sigal Leonard H. , Block Alan , Covucci Allison , Nys Marleen , Martini Alberto , Giannini Edward H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in abatacept‐treated children/adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsIn this phase III, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, subjects with active polyarticular course JIA and an inadequate response/intolerance to ≥1 disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (including biologics) received abatacept 10 mg/kg plus methotrexate (MTX) during the 4‐month open‐label period (period A). Subjects achieving the American College of Rheumatology Pediatric 30 criteria for improvement (defined “responders”) were randomized to abatacept or placebo (plus MTX) in the 6‐month double‐blind withdrawal period (period B). HRQOL assessments included 15 Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) health concepts plus the physical (PhS) and psychosocial summary scores (PsS), pain (100‐mm visual analog scale), the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and a daily activity participation questionnaire.ResultsA total of 190 subjects from period A and 122 from period B were eligible for analysis. In period A, there were substantial improvements across all of the CHQ domains (greatest improvement was in pain/discomfort) and the PhS (8.3 units) and PsS (4.3 units) with abatacept. At the end of period B, abatacept‐treated subjects had greater improvements versus placebo in all domains (except behavior) and both summary scores. Similar improvement patterns were seen with pain and sleep. For participation in daily activities, an additional 2.6 school days/month and 2.3 parents' usual activity days/month were gained in period A responders with abatacept, and further gains were made in period B (1.9 versus 0.9 [P = 0.033] and 0.2 versus −1.3 [P = 0.109] school days/month and parents' usual activity days/month, respectively, in abatacept‐ versus placebo‐treated subjects).ConclusionImprovements in HRQOL were observed with abatacept, providing real‐life tangible benefits to children with JIA and their parents/caregivers.
Graphene‐Based Nanoporous Materials Assembled by Mediation of Polyoxometalate Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhou Ding , Han Bao‐Hang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA kind of graphene‐based nanoporous material is prepared through assembling graphene sheets mediated through polyoxometalate nanoparticles. Owing to the strong interaction between graphene and polyoxometalate, 2D graphene sheets with honeycomb‐latticed carbon atoms could assemble into a porous structure, in which 3D polyoxometalate nanoparticles serve as the crosslinkers. Nitrogen and hydrogen sorption analysis reveal that the as‐prepared graphene‐based hybrid material possesses a specific surface area of 680 m2 g−1 and a hydrogen uptake volume of 0.8−1.3 wt%. Infrared spectrometry is used to probe the electron density changes of polyoxometalate particle in the redox‐cycle and to verify the interaction between graphene and polyoxometalate. The as‐prepared graphene‐based materials are further characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Triple‐Shape Polymeric Composites (TSPCs)
Authors: Luo Xiaofan , Mather Patrick T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, the fabrication and characterization of triple‐shape polymeric composites (TSPCs) that, unlike traditional shape memory polymers (SMPs), are capable of fixing two temporary shapes and recovering sequentially from the first temporary shape (shape 1) to the second temporary shape (shape 2), and eventually to the permanent shape (shape 3) upon heating, are reported. This is technically achieved by incorporating non‐woven thermoplastic fibers (average diameter ∼760 nm) of a low‐Tm semicrystalline polymer into a Tg‐based SMP matrix. The resulting composites display two well‐separated transitions, one from the glass transition of the matrix and the other from the melting of the fibers, which are subsequently used for the fixing/recovery of two temporary shapes. Three thermomechanical programming processes with different shape fixing protocols are proposed and explored. The intrinsic versatility of this composite approach enables an unprecedented large degree of design flexibility for functional triple‐shape polymers and systems.
Anomalous Oxidation States in Multilayers for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Perkins James M. , Fearn Sarah , Cook Stuart N. , Srinivasan Rajagopalan , Rouleau Chris M. , Christen Hans M. , West Geoff D. , Morris Richard J. H. , Fraser Hamish L. , Skinner Stephen J. , Kilner John A. , McComb David W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSignificant recent interest has been directed towards the relationship between interfaces and reports of enhanced ionic conductivity. To gain a greater understanding of the effects of hetero‐interfaces on ionic conductivity, advanced analytical techniques including electron microscopy (TEM/STEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) are used to characterize CeO2/Ce0.85Sm0.15O2 multilayer thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. High quality growth is observed, but ionic conductivity measured by impedance spectroscopy and 18O tracer experiments is consistent with bulk materials. EELS analysis reveals the unusual situation of layers containing only Ce(IV) adjacent to layers containing both Ce(III) and Ce(IV). Post oxygen annealing induced oxygen diffusion and mixed oxidation states in both layers, but only in the vicinity of low angle grain boundaries perpendicular to the layers. The implications of the anomalous behavior of the Ce oxidation states on the design of novel electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells is discussed.
Electrical Percolation Behavior in Silver Nanowire–Polystyrene Composites: Simulation and Experiment
Authors: White Sadie I. , Mutiso Rose M. , Vora Patrick M. , Jahnke David , Hsu Sam , Kikkawa James M. , Li Ju , Fischer John E. , Winey Karen I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe design and preparation of isotropic silver nanowire‐polystyrene composites is described, in which the nanowires have finite L/D (< 35) and narrow L/D distribution. These model composites allow the L/D dependence of the electrical percolation threshold, ϕc, to be isolated for finite‐L/D particles. Experimental ϕc values decrease with increasing L/D, as predicted qualitatively by analytical percolation models. However, quantitative agreement between experimental data and both soft‐core and core–shell analytical models is not achieved, because both models are strictly accurate only in the infinite‐L/D limit. To address this analytical limitation, a soft‐core simulation method to calculate ϕc and network conductivity for cylinders with finite L/D are developed. Our simulated ϕc results agree strongly with our experimental data, suggesting i) that the infinite‐aspect‐ratio assumption cannot safely be made for experimental networks of particles with L/D < 35 and ii) in predicting ϕc, the soft‐core model makes a less significant assumption than the infinite‐L/D models do. The demonstrated capability of the simulations to predict ϕc in the finite‐L/D regime will allow researchers to optimize the electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites of finite‐L/D particles.
Chemiluminescence‐Generating Nanoreactor Formulation for Near‐Infrared Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glucose Level in vivo
Authors: Lim Chang‐Keun , Lee Yong‐Deok , Na Jinhee , Oh Jung Min , Her Song , Kim Kwangmeyung , Choi Kuiwon , Kim Sehoon , Kwon Ick Chan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWater‐dispersed all‐in‐one nanoprobes composed of densely integrated peroxyoxalate fuel and a cyanine dye are formulated to optimize the nanoscopic chemiluminescence reaction. It is demonstrated that the chemiluminescent nanoformulation can generate bright near‐infrared signal in response to external hydrogen peroxide that is biologically implicated with cell signaling and diseases. Successful imaging of endogenously overproduces hydrogen peroxide and indirect determination of glucose level in vivo with the chemiluminescent nanoprobes offers an opportunity for early diagnosis of diseases.
Copper(I) Acetate: A Structurally Simple but Highly Efficient Dinuclear Catalyst for Copper‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Shao Changwei , Cheng Guolin , Su Deyong , Xu Jimin , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article, the structurally well‐defined dinuclear complex copper(I) acetate was studied in detail and was developed as a highly practical and efficient catalyst for the copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition. The “bare” phenylethynylcopper(I) (i.e., with no exogeneous ligands) was isolated as an intermediate, which can be converted into an active catalytic species by treatment with acetic acid (in situ produced in the reaction) to efficiently catalyze the azide‐alkyne cycloaddition under mild conditions.
Three‐Component Reactions of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldoximes and α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Bromine or Iodine Monochloride
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Gao Ke , Wu Jie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe three‐component reaction of 2‐alkynylbenzaldoximes and α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds with bromine or iodine monochloride is described, which generates the unexpected 2‐(4‐haloisoquinolin‐1‐yl)ethanol derivatives in good to excellent yields.
Iron‐Catalysed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Head‐to‐Tail Dimerisation of Styrenes
Authors: Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Corma Avelino 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCationic iron salts and complexes catalyse the head‐to‐tail dimerisation of styrene derivatives to form the corresponding dimers with good to excellent yields and stereoselectivities. In particular, the use of a phosphine‐iron(III) complex allows the recovery and reuse of the catalyst. The counteranion plays an important role in both the activity and selectivity. These catalysts constitute an alternative to those based on toxic and expensive late‐transition metals.
Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Olefin Isomerization/α‐Alkylation of α‐Alkynylcrotonates as a Route for 1,4‐Enynes
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Sakata Kazuki , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe phase‐transfer‐catalyzed alkylation of α‐alkynylcrotonates was developed as a means to provide 1,4‐enynes deconjugated by an all‐carbon quaternary center. Extension to the asymmetric version using the chiral phase‐transfer catalyst (S)‐3 provided the alkylated compounds with up to 87% ee.
Stabilized Copper(I) Oxide Nanoparticles Catalyze Azide‐Alkyne Click Reactions in Water
Authors: Zhang Zhenfang , Dong Changming , Yang Cuihong , Hu Di , Long Jing , Wang Ling , Li He , Chen Yue , Kong Deling 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA novel form of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated copper(I) oxide nanoparticle (Cu2O‐NP) was prepared and used to catalyze azide‐alkyne click reactions in water under aerobic conditions. The nanoparticles were well dispersed in aqueous solutions and have a size of 20±10 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Inductively coupled plasma (ICP), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses demonstrated that the main content of Cu2O‐NP is copper(I). The cytotoxicity of it was evaluated by an in vitro 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and its catalytic efficiency for azide‐alkyne click reactions was studied in water and organic solvents at physiological temperatures. Our results indicate that Cu2O‐NP is more efficient in catalytic reactions in water for both aliphatic and aromatic azides and alkynes and less toxic than the commonly used CuSO4/reductant catalyst systems.
Enantioselective Aldol Reaction using Recyclable Montmorillonite‐Entrapped N‐(2‐Thiophenesulfonyl)prolinamide
Authors: Hara Noriyuki , Nakamura Shuichi , Shibata Norio , Toru Takeshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractN‐(2‐Thiophenesulfonyl)prolinamide could be easily introduced into Montmorillonite by a simple ion‐exchange reaction. The asymmetric aldol reactions between various isatins with acetone or acetaldehyde using a heterogeneous Montmorillonite‐entrapped organocatalyst afforded products with high enantioselectivity. The catalyst was readily reusable without significant loss of catalytic activity or enantioselectivity.
Iron and Copper Salts in the Synthesis of Benzo[b]furans
Authors: Bonnamour Julien , Piedrafita María , Bolm Carsten 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIntramolecular CO bond forming reactions of aryl 2‐bromobenzyl ketones lead to benzo[b]furans. The cyclizations can be catalyzed by 10 mol% of iron trichloride (of 98% or of 99.995% purity) or sub‐mol% quantities of copper(II) chloride (of 99.995% purity).
Characterization of ionic liquid‐based biocatalytic two‐phase reaction system for production of biodiesel
Authors: Devi B. L. A. Prabhavathi , Guo Zheng , Xu Xuebing 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe property of a variety of ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction media was evaluated for the production of biodiesel by enzymatic methanolysis of rapeseed oil. The IL Ammoeng 102, containing tetraaminum cation with C18 acyl and oligoethyleneglycol units, was found to be capable of forming oil/IL biphasic reaction system by mixing with substrates, which is highly effective for the production of biodiesel with more than 98% biodiesel yield and nearly 100% conversion of oil. Conductor‐like screening model for real solvent (COSMO‐RS) in silico prediction of substrate solubility and simulation of partition coefficient change vs. reaction evolution indicated that the amphiphilic property of Ammoeng 102 might be responsible for creating efficient interaction of immiscible substrates; while big difference of partition coefficients of generated biodiesel and glycerol between the two phases suggests a large chemical potential to move reaction equilibrium for maximum oil conversion and yield of target biodiesel. The reaction behavior and specificity of oil/IL biphasic system for enzymatic production of biodiesel were theoretically delineated through COSMO‐RS computation with experimental validation. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Segmental paternal uniparental disomy (patUPD) of 14q32 with abnormal methylation elicits the characteristic features of complete patUPD14
Authors: Irving Melita D. , Buiting Karin , Kanber Deniz , Donaghue Celia , Schulz Reiner , Offiah Amaka , Mohammed Shehla N. , Oakey Rebecca J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUniparental disomy (UPD) for chromosome 14 is associated with well‐recognized phenotypes, depending on the parent of origin. Studies in mouse models and human patients have implicated the involvement of the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 14 in the distinctive phenotypes. This involvement is supported by the identification of an imprinting cluster at chromosome 14q32, encompassing the differentially methylated regions (DMRs), IG‐DMR and MEG3‐DMR, as well as the maternally expressed genes GTL2, DIO3, and RTL1 and the paternally expressed genes DLK1, RTL1as, and MEG8. Here we report on a preterm female infant with distal segmental paternal UPD14 (upd(14)pat) of 14q32‐14q32.33, which resulted in thoracic deformity secondary to rib abnormalities (“coat‐hanger” rib sign), polyhydramnios, and other congenital abnormalities characteristically described in cases of complete upd(14)pat. Microsatellite investigation demonstrated UPD of markers D14S250 and D14S1010, encompassing a ∼3.5 Mb region of distal 14q and involving the imprinting cluster. This case provided insight into the etiology of the phenotypic effects of upd(14)pat, prompting methylation analysis of the GTL2 promoter and the DMR between GTL2 and DLK1. We compare the physical findings seen in this case with those of patients with other causes of abnormal methylation of 14q32, which consistently result in certain distinct clinical features, regardless of the cytogenetic and molecular etiology. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NF1 exon 22 analysis of individuals with the clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Muram‐Zborovski Talia M. , Vaughn Cecily P. , Viskochil David H. , Hanson Heather , Mao Rong , Stevenson David A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCafé‐au‐lait macules are frequently seen in Ras‐MAPK pathway disorders and are a cardinal feature of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Most NF1 individuals develop age‐related tumorigenic manifestations (e.g., neurofibromas), although individuals with a specific 3‐bp deletion in exon 22 of NF1 (c.2970_2972delAAT) have an attenuated phenotype with primarily pigmentary manifestations. Previous reports identify this deletion c.2970_2972delAAT in exon 17 of NF1 using NF Consortium nomenclature. For this report, we elected to use standard NCBI nomenclature, which places this identical deletion within exon 22. SPRED1 mutations cause Legius syndrome, which clinically overlaps with this attenuated NF1 phenotype. In an unselected cohort of 50 individuals who fulfilled NIH clinical diagnostic criteria from an NF Clinic and did not have SPRED1 mutations, we sequenced NF1 exon 22 in order to identify children and adolescents with multiple café‐au‐lait spots who could be projected to have lower likelihood to develop tumors. Two individuals with NF1 exon 22 mutations were identified: an 11‐year‐old boy with the c.2970_2972delAAT in‐frame deletion and a 4‐year‐old boy with c.2866dupA. The father of the second patient had an attenuated form of NF1 and showed 24% germline mosaicism of the c.2866dupA mutation in whole blood. These individuals emphasize the need for mutation analysis in some individuals with the clinical diagnosis of NF1 who lack the tumorigenic or classic skeletal abnormalities of NF1. Specifically, with the identification of Legius syndrome, the need to recognize the attenuated phenotype of NF1 mosaicism and confirmation by mutation analysis is increasingly important for appropriate medical management and family counseling. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current hypotheses for the underlying biology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Rothstein Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe mechanisms involved in selective motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remain unknown more than 135 years after the disease was first described. Although most cases have no known cause, mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been implicated in a fraction of familial cases of the disease. Transgenic mouse models with mutations in the SOD1 gene and other ALS genes develop pathology reminiscent of the disorder, including progressive death of motor neurons, and have provided insight into the pathogenesis of the disease but have consistently failed to predict therapeutic efficacy in humans. However, emerging research has demonstrated that mutations and pathology associated with the TDP‐43 gene and protein may be more common than SOD1 mutations in familial and sporadic ALS. Putative mechanisms of toxicity targeting motor neurons include oxidative damage, accumulation of intracellular aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunction, defects in axonal transport, growth factor deficiency, aberrant RNA metabolism, glial cell pathology, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Convergence of these pathways is likely to mediate disease onset and progression. Ann Neurol 2009;65 (suppl):S3–S9
The eastward displacement of a freely falling body on the rotating Earth: Newton and Hooke's debate of 1679
Authors: Dittrich W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this article I would like to tell the story of the beginning of modern theoretical physics, freed from all kinds of questionable anecdotes which have entered the scientific literature over the centuries. It all began in the seventeenth century when the mathematical theory of astronomy began to take shape. A major step in the history of modern science was taken when a few members of The Royal Society in London realized that the laws ruling the motions of heavenly bodies as manifested in Kepler's three laws are also effective in the dynamics of Earth‐bound particle motion. Everything started, not with I. Newton, but with R. Hooke. Not Newton's falling apple (Voltaire's invention), but a far‐reaching response by R. Hooke to a letter by I. Newton, dated November 28, 1679, ignited Newton's interest in gravity. That letter contained the famous spiral which a falling body would follow when released from a certain height above the surface of the Earth. Hooke's answer, based on Keplerian orbits, expressed the opinion that the body's trajectory would rather follow an elliptical path. In his spiral sketch Newton, however, predicted correctly that the falling body would be found to suffer an eastward deviation from the vertical in consequence of the Earth's rotation. In the course of time, many a researcher, including Hooke himself, was able to verify this conjecture. But it took until 1803 for the first satisfactory calculation of the eastward displacement of a freely falling body to be performed, and was provided by C.F. Gauss.
Optical and thermo electrical properties of ZnO nano particle filled polystyrene
Authors: Gaur Mulayam S. , Singh Pramod Kumar , Chauhan Ramvir S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe study of optical and thermally stimulated electrical properties such as optical band gap, refractive index, X‐ray spectra, SEM spectra, thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been undertaken in ZnO nanoparicle filled polystyrene nanocomposite thin film of 30 μm thickness. The appearance of single TSDC peak at temperature 408 ± 5 K in nanocomposite samples shows the charge carriers injected from deeper trapping levels. It is due to the modification of surface and bulk properties of polystyrene by filling of ZnO nanoparticles. In other hand, the strong interaction of nanoparticles with polymer matrix is the expected reason of improvement of crystallite size, optical energy band gap, refractive index, TSDC, glass transition temperature, and charge storage. It is confirmed from SEM images that the modifications of these properties are caused by creation of clusters in amorphous–crystalline boundaries of pristine polystyrene. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010