bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Evaluation of Bioresorbable Staples for Mucoperichondrial Flap Coaptation in Septoplasty
Authors: Tami Thomas A. , Kuppersmith Ronald B. , Atkins James 
Published: March 2010

Background During septoplasty surgery, the formation of dead space between the mucosal flaps must be minimized to prevent septal hematoma and promote healing. Historically, this has been achieved by using techniques such as nasal packing or the continuous septal quilting or whip suturing. This study presents the first clinical results using a septal stapling device that uses bioresorbable staples to achieve mucoperichondrial flap coaptation during septoplasty. Methods The septal stapler was used in 24 subjects. The primary outcome measure was whether septal coaptation was accomplished 1 week postoperatively. The extent of tissue reaction at the site of staple placement was also evaluated. Results In all subjects, coaptation with septal staples was successfully accomplished with no septal hematoma formation. At 1 week follow-up, there was either no (79%) or minimal (21%) tissue reaction at the site of staple placement. Conclusion The use of bioresorbable staples appears to be a safe, efficient, and effective alternative to other methods used for mucoperichondrial flap coaptation in septoplasty surgery.
Tryptase Does Not Alter Transepithelial Conductance or Paracellular Permeability in Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chang Eugene H. , Lee John H. , Zabner Joseph 
Published: March 2010

Background Cell tight junction proteins create a barrier between airway epithelial cells to limit paracellular transport from the apical to basolateral surface. This barrier can impede the entry of respiratory pathogens and toxins from the airway lumen into the systemic circulation. Mast cell–mediated inflammation in the human airway can cause a disruption of this barrier. Tryptase is one of the major mediators released by mast cells and has been studied extensively in diseases such as asthma, reflux, and sinusitis. We hypothesize that tryptase may play a role in airway paracellular permeability by disrupting the cell tight junction proteins. Methods We tested this hypothesis by applying tryptase on the apical and basolateral surface to primary human airway epithelia grown in an air–liquid interface and measured changes in the transepithelial conductance and paracellular permeability of the membrane during short (every minute) and longer (over hours) time courses. We then immunostained the cell membranes for occludins and claudins to observe for changes in the structure of the tight junctions after tryptase application. Results Our data show that tryptase does not alter paracellular permeability in human airway cells over minutes or hours, and that tryptase does not alter the structure of the cell junction. Conclusion Tryptase alone does not alter paracellular permeability in human airway cells. Tryptase may be altering the epithelial membrane independent of the cell tight junction pathway or other mast cell mediators may play a role in permeability.
Antimicrobial Lipids: Novel Innate Defense Molecules are Elevated in Sinus Secretions of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , Jansen Mike , Yilma Abebayehu N. , Nguyen Angels , Desharnais Robert , Porter Edith 
Published: March 2010

Background Airway secretions possess intrinsic antimicrobial properties that contribute to the innate host defense of the respiratory tract. These microbicidal capabilities have largely been attributed to the presence of antibacterial polypeptides. However, recent investigation has indicated that host-derived lipids including cholesteryl esters also exhibit antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sinus secretions contain such antimicrobial lipids and to compare the lipid composition in patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods Maxillary sinus fluid was obtained via antral lavage from subjects with (seven patients) and without (nine patients) a history of CRS. After specimen collection, total lipid was extracted according to Bligh and Dyer (Bligh EG and Dyer WJ, A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification, Can J Biochem Physiol 37:911–918, 1959) and lipid profiles were obtained by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography on an amide-embedded C18 column. In addition, the neutrophil-specific antimicrobial peptides human neutrophil peptides 1–3 (HNP1–3) were quantified by Western immunoblotting. Results Lipids, including cholesteryl esters, were identified in the maxillary sinus secretions of patients with and without CRS. However, levels of lipid composition differed between the two groups with CRS patients exhibiting greater amounts of all classes of lipids, reaching over 10-fold higher concentration when compared with non-CRS patients. This increase was independent of HNP1–3 content. Conclusion Sinus secretions of patients with CRS appear to show elevated levels of antimicrobial lipids compared with controls independent from neutrophil influx. This up-regulation suggests that host-derived lipids act as mediators of mucosal immunity in CRS. Further study is necessary to determine if such antimicrobial lipids function alone or synergistically with antibacterial peptides in conferring such inherent microbicidal properties.
Endoscopic Skull Base/Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma Surgery: What Evidence Exists?
Authors: Devaiah Anand K. , Lee Matthew K. 
Published: March 2010

Background This study reviewed the published outcomes literature on endoscopic or endoscopic-assisted treatment of sinonasal and skull base adenocarcinoma (SSBA). A systematic literature review was performed. Methods A PubMed search of English language articles on endoscopic or endoscopic-assisted SSBA was performed. Each article was examined for patient data and outcomes for analysis. Results Sixteen articles (150 retrospective cases) using endoscopic or endoscopic-assisted SSBA were identified. Three (19%) reported at least15 cases of adenocarcinoma with 5-year survival ranging from 53 to 83%. In all identified studies, five (31%) reported adenocarcinoma-specific survival statistics and eight (50%) provided complete patient information. Adjuvant therapy was used in 12 studies (75%), with details outlined in 6 (38%) articles, accounting for 52 of 74 cases (70% of those patients and 35% overall). Adenocarcinoma-specific follow-up was reported in only nine studies (56%); four of these nine articles had a median/mean follow-up time of <3 years. Six articles (38%) used American Joint Committee on Cancer guidelines and four articles (25%) used International Union Against Cancer guidelines. The remaining six articles (38%) did not report on the stage of treated tumors. Four articles (25%) reported length of hospital stay and eight (50%) reported complication data. Three studies comprising 61 cases (41% of overall patients) recorded disease status, tumor stage, site involvement, and complication rates for each patient. Conclusion From the existing body of data, one can not conclude that endoscopic methods are superior or inferior to open methods, but there is growing evidence that this is an efficacious technique. Future studies should have emphasis on detailed, prospective reporting.
Management of Sinonasal Malignant Neoplasms: Defining the Role of Endoscopy
Authors: Luong Amber , Citardi Martin J. , Batra Pete S. 
Published: March 2010

Background Preliminary reports support the role of endoscopic techniques in the management of selected sinonasal malignancies. The objectives of this review are (1) to assess outcomes for patients undergoing definitive endoscopic tumor extirpation and (2) to elucidate the role of endoscopy in the management of sinonasal malignancies. Methods Retrospective review of patients with sinonasal malignancy managed via endoscopic techniques from September 1998 to December 2007 was conducted. Results Sixty-one patients were identified (38 men and 23 women) with a mean age of 59 years. The five most common pathologies were squamous cell carcinoma (21), melanoma (10), esthesioneuroblastoma (8), adenocarcinoma (7), and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (3). Sixty-nine endoscopic procedures were performed and categorized according to surgical intent: 57 curative resections (82.6%), 8 palliative resections (11.6%), and 4 tumor mappings (5.8%). Adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy was used in 29 of the 50 patients (58%). For those patients undergoing definitive treatment, the disease-free and overall survival rates were 69.2 and 84.6% at mean of 34.5 and 42.7 months, respectively. The local and regional recurrence rates were 17 and 10%, respectively. Conclusion The endoscope is a versatile tool for management of sinonasal malignant neoplasms. Although the role was once just limited to biopsy, endoscopic approaches allow for definitive resection for curative intent and palliative resection for patient comfort with acceptable survival. Moreover, endoscopy facilitates three-dimensional tumor mapping and posttreatment surveillance in patients undergoing definitive chemoradiation.
Manuka Honey: Histological Effect on Respiratory Mucosa
Authors: Kilty Shaun J. , AlMutari Dakheelallah , Duval Melanie , Groleau Michelle A. , De Nanassy Joseph , Gomes Marcio M. 
Published: March 2010

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease in which bacteria are commonly implicated often in the form of a biofilm. Manuka honey has been shown in vitro to be an effective treatment against two common CRS pathogens both in the planktonic and in the biofilm forms. The purpose of this study was to determine if the application of manuka honey to respiratory epithelium would result in histological evidence of epithelial injury. Methods Using a rabbit animal model, a nonrandomized controlled trial of four treatment regimes was performed with two rabbits in each group. The left nasal cavity was irrigated with a 1.5-mL manuka honey solution once daily and the right nasal cavity was not treated. Groups 1–3 were treated for 3, 7, and 14 consecutive days, respectively, and killed the morning after the last treatment. Group 4 was treated for 14 consecutive days followed by a 14-day washout period and then killed the following morning. The nasal respiratory mucosa was immediately harvested after death. The mucosa was examined by light microscopy for histological change in comparison with the control side. Results Cilia were not measured quantitatively but were equally present on the treated and untreated mucosa. There was no histological evidence of inflammation, epithelial injury, or significant morphological changes. Conclusion The application of a manuka honey solution to rabbit nasal respiratory mucosa over different treatment intervals did not show evidence of histological epithelial injury.
Concentrated Topical Epinephrine is Safe in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Orlandi Richard R. , Warrier Smitha , Sato Stephan , Han Joseph K. 
Published: March 2010

Background The safety of topical epinephrine (1:1000 concentration) has recently been called into question. No objective data have been presented examining this issue. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all cases of endoscopic sinus surgery performed by the senior authors at their respective institutions. Perioperative records were reviewed for use of topical 1:1000 epinephrine and for any intraoperative or postoperative complications related to its use. Results During the study periods, 1998 cases of endoscopic sinus surgery were identified where topical 1:1000 epinephrine was used. Two complications were identified (0.1%), one at each institution. One patient suffered coronary artery vasospasm, attributed to the use of topical 1:1000 epinephrine during surgery. The other patient developed transient intraoperative hypertension immediately after inadvertent submucosal injection of concentrated epinephrine. This event was caused by an erroneous switch with the 1% lidocaine/1:100,000 solution. This error occurred early in the institution's experience with concentrated topical epinephrine. After implementation of additional preventative safeguards, no further errors or complications have occurred. Conclusion Concentrated epinephrine has the potential for complications when used during endoscopic sinus surgery. Nevertheless, with appropriate safeguards described in this study, its topical use is safe.
Effects of Statins on Regeneration of Olfactory Epithelium
Authors: Kim Hyo Yeol , Dhong Hun-Jong , Min Jin-Young , Jung Young Gi , Chung Seung Kyu 
Published: March 2010

Background This study was performed to investigate whether statins can enhance the recovery of the olfactory epithelium (OE) damaged by 3-methylindole (3MI), an olfactotoxicant, and to compare the effects with those of steroids. Methods Randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed. Fifty-four healthy female Sprague–Dawley rats (aged 9–10 weeks and weighing 160–180 g each) were randomly allocated to the statin-treated, steroid-treated, or control groups. Olfactory loss was induced using i.p. injection of 3MI in adult rats. Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg for 4 weeks), prednisolone (1 mg/kg for 2 weeks), or normal saline (1 cc for 4 weeks) was then administered per os with a gastric tube. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the change of thickness and the arrangement of the OE, and immunoreactivity to protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results The statin-treated group showed the earliest increase of the thickness of the OE (p = 0.002 at 7 days after 3MI injection) and the immunoreactivity to PCNA (p = 0.032 at 7 days after 3MI injection) among the three groups. The immunoreactivity to PGP 9.5 showed significantly better improvement at the 7th and 28th days after 3MI injection compared with the steroid-treated or control groups (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Statins might enhance the proliferation and neuroregenesis of the OE after 3MI injection.
Nicotine Induces Resistance to Chemotherapy in Nasal Epithelial Cancer
Authors: Shen Tianjie , Le Wei , Yee Allison , Hwang Peter H. , Upadhyay Daya 
Published: March 2010

Background Epidemiological and clinical data implicate that in patients with cancer, continued smoking causes progression of cancer growth and resistance to therapy. The carcinogens possess the ability to block apoptosis, an important mechanism in the development of tumors and resistance to chemotherapy. We previously showed that nicotine enhances growth and proliferation in lung cancer. However, the effects of nicotine, a tobacco carcinogen that inhibits apoptosis, have not been studied before in nasal epithelial carcinoma (NC). In this study, we sought to determine the effects of nicotine on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in human NC. Methods Primary human NC cells were grown per protocol, treated with combination chemotherapy, and the apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling) and DNA fragmentation assays. The regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B (AKT) signal transduction pathway was examined by real time quantitative polymerized chain reaction, and immunofluorescent staining assays. Results Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin (35 μM) plus etoposide (20 μM) caused a significant increase in NC apoptosis compared with single agent alone, and nicotine, in part, inhibited chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in NC. Furthermore, nicotine induced activation of AKT and MAPK pathways, while inhibition of MAPK using U0126 and AKT by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, LY294002, in part, blocked the antiapoptotic effects of nicotine against cisplatin and etoposide-induced apoptosis in NC. Conclusion Nicotine inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in NC via the AKT and MAPK-mediated signaling pathways. We speculate that nicotine may play a role in oncogenesis and resistance to cancer therapy in NC.
Aerobic Exercise Alters Analgesia and Neurotrophin-3 Synthesis in an Animal Model of Chronic Widespread Pain
Authors: Sharma Neena K. , Ryals Janelle M. , Gajewski Byron J. , Wright Douglas E. 
Published: March 2010

Background
Present literature and clinical practice provide strong support for the use of aerobic exercise in reducing pain and improving function for individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes. However, the molecular basis for the positive actions of exercise remains poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) may act in an analgesic fashion in various pain states.

Objective
The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on pain-like behavior and NT-3 in an animal model of widespread pain.

Design
This was a repeated-measures, observational cross-sectional study.

Methods
Forty female mice were injected with either normal (pH 7.2; n=20) or acidic (pH 4.0; n=20) saline in the gastrocnemius muscle to induce widespread hyperalgesia and exercised for 3 weeks. Cutaneous (von Frey monofilament) and muscular (forceps compression) mechanical sensitivity were assessed. Neurotrophin-3 was quantified in 2 hind-limb skeletal muscles for both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels after exercise training. Data were analyzed with 2-factor analysis of variance for repeated measures (group × time).

Results
Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise reduced cutaneous and deep tissue hyperalgesia induced by acidic saline and stimulated NT-3 synthesis in skeletal muscle. The increase in NT-3 was more pronounced at the protein level compared with mRNA expression. In addition, the increase in NT-3 protein was significant in the gastrocnemius muscle but not in the soleus muscle, suggesting that exercise can preferentially target NT-3 synthesis in specific muscle types.

Limitations
Results are limited to animal models and cannot be generalized to chronic pain syndromes in humans.

Conclusions
This is the first study demonstrating the effect of exercise on deep tissue mechanical hyperalgesia in a rodent model of pain and providing a possible molecular basis for exercise training in reducing muscular pain.
Cystatin C and modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) estimated glomerular filtration rate differ during normal pregnancy
Authors: LARSSON ANDERS , PALM MARIA , HANSSON LARS‐OLOF , AXELSSON OVE 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjective. To calculate normal values for estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for pregnant females. eGFR is used to monitor patients with suspected kidney disease and to optimize the dosage of drugs that are eliminated by the kidneys. Plasma creatinine and cystatin C are the two most widely used GFR markers. Both markers are recommended to be automatically reported as estimated GFR. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. Tertiary university hospital. Population. We have studied creatinine (eGFRMDRD) (MDRD, modified diet in renal disease) and cystatin C (eGFRcystc) estimated GFR during 52 normal pregnancies from pregnancy week 10 to delivery and postpartum. Methods. Each woman was sampled repeatedly and the samples were grouped according to gestational age into the following periods: week 7–16; week 18–24; week 24–28; week 28–31; week 31–34; week 34–38; ‐2–0 weeks prior to delivery and postpartum (> 6 weeks after delivery). Main outcome measures. The 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles for these markers were calculated according to the recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry on the statistical treatment of reference values. Results. In healthy pregnant females eGFRcystc was higher in the first two trimesters and lower prior to delivery in comparison with eGFRMDRD. eGFRcystc and eGFRMDRD give different results. No significant correlations between the two estimates were found in any of the time groups. Conclusions. It is important to distinguish between the two GFR estimates and use separate reference intervals for pregnant females.
A Phase II study of anti–epidermal growth factor receptor radioimmunotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Li Linna , Quang Tony S. , Gracely Ed J. , Kim Ji H. , Emrich Jacqueline G. , Yaeger Theodore E. , Jenrette Joseph M. , Cohen Steven C. , Black Perry , Brady Luther W. 
Published: March 2010

Object
This single-institution Phase II study tests the efficacy of adjuvant radioimmunotherapy with 125I-labeled anti–epidermal growth factor receptor 425 murine monoclonal antibody (125I-mAb 425) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Methods
A total of 192 patients with GBM were treated with 125I-mAb 425 over a course of 3 weekly intravenous injections of 1.8 GBq following surgery and radiation therapy. The primary end point was overall survival, and the secondary end point was toxicity. Additional subgroup analyses were performed comparing treatment with 125I-mAb 425 (RIT, 132 patients), 125I-mAb 425 and temozolomide (TMZ+RIT, 60 patients), and a historical control group (CTL, 81 patients).

Results
The median age was 53 years (range 19–78 years), and the median Karnofsky Performance Scale score was 80 (range 60–100). The percentage of patients who underwent debulking surgery was 77.6% and that of those receiving temozolomide was 31.3%. The overall median survival was 15.7 months (95% CI 13.6–17.8 months). The 1- and 2-year survivals were 62.5 and 25.5%, respectively. For subgroups RIT and TMZ+RIT, the median survivals were 14.5 and 20.2 months, respectively. No Grade 3 or 4 toxicity was seen with the administration of 125I-mAb 425. The CTL patients lacked Karnofsky Performance Scale scores, had poorer survival, were older, and were less likely to receive radiation therapy. On multivariate analysis, the hazard ratios for RIT versus CTL, TMZ+RIT versus CTL, and TMZ+RIT versus RIT were 0.49 (p < 0.001), 0.30 (p < 0.001), and 0.62 (p = 0.008), respectively.

Conclusions
In this large Phase II study of 192 patients with GBM treated with anti–epidermal growth factor receptor 125I-mAb 425 radioimmunotherapy, survival was 15.7 months, and treatment was safe and well tolerated.
CXC Chemokine Ligand 4 Induces a Unique Transcriptome in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Gleissner Christian A. , Shaked Iftach , Little Kristina M. , Ley Klaus 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
In atherosclerotic arteries, blood monocytes differentiate to macrophages in the presence of growth factors, such as macrophage colony-stimulation factor (M-CSF), and chemokines, such as platelet factor 4 (CXCL4). To compare the gene expression signature of CXCL4-induced macrophages with M-CSF–induced macrophages or macrophages polarized with IFN-γ/LPS (M1) or IL-4 (M2), we cultured primary human peripheral blood monocytes for 6 d. mRNA expression was measured by Affymetrix gene chips, and differences were analyzed by local pooled error test, profile of complex functionality, and gene set enrichment analysis. Three hundred seventy-five genes were differentially expressed between M-CSF– and CXCL4-induced macrophages; 206 of them overexpressed in CXCL4 macrophages coding for genes implicated in the inflammatory/immune response, Ag processing and presentation, and lipid metabolism. CXCL4-induced macrophages overexpressed some M1 and M2 genes and the corresponding cytokines at the protein level; however, their transcriptome clustered with neither M1 nor M2 transcriptomes. They almost completely lost the ability to phagocytose zymosan beads. Genes linked to atherosclerosis were not consistently upregulated or downregulated. Scavenger receptors showed lower and cholesterol efflux transporters showed higher expression in CXCL4- than M-CSF–induced macrophages, resulting in lower low-density lipoprotein content. We conclude that CXCL4 induces a unique macrophage transcriptome distinct from known macrophage types, defining a new macrophage differentiation that we propose to call M4.