bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les partis minoritaires, des partis « comme les autres » ? Les expériences du MDL en Bulgarie et de l'UDMR en Roumanie
Authors: Capelle-Pogácean Antonela , Ragaru Nadège 
Published: January 2011

Minority parties - "parties like any other"?
The MRF in Bulgaria and the DUHR in Romania
In the past decade, many a study has tried to explain the emergence and durability of so-called ethnic political parties in pluralistic post-Communist societies. Most of these writings have ascribed minority party electoral victories to a supposedly captive ethnic base. But are ethnic parties an exception? The analysis of the trajectories of the Movement of Rights and Freedom (MRF) in Bulgaria and the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (DUHR) suggests a different conclusion. For one thing, identities are not always or systematically tapped as a political resource. The relative importance of identity politics and the changing definitions of identities advocated by these parties depend on: competition among minority political entrepreneurs, the form given to "ethnic cleavages" in the political arena and the state of relations between "generalist" parties and minority formations. For another thing, the MRF's and DUHR's electoral successes after 1989 should also be set down both to the organization of political competition around the opposition between anti- and ex-Communists (and the resulting alliances) and, also, to the ability of the MRF and DUHR to provide some minority members with prospects for unprecedented social mobility.
Une diaspora de l'intérieur? Le discours des responsables d'une organisation vorio-épirote à Athènes
Authors: Nestoropoulou Alexandra , Sintès Pierre 
Published: January 2011

A domestic diaspora? The discourse of the leaders of an organization
of Greek Albanians in Athens
Since the early 1990s, a large number of migrants from the Balkans have come to Greece, now one of the EU member-states with the highest percentage of foreigners in its population. The 438.000 Albanians form, by far, the largest group among the 700.000 aliens registered in Greece in 2001. Not all migrants are treated alike. Greek authorities and the local population see some of them as belonging to a Greek diaspora with real or assumed Hellenic origins. This holds for the Vorioepirotes (Greek Albanians or northern Greeks), many of whom now live in Greece. A Vorioepirote association's declarations are analyzed to propose an interpretation of the origins and development of a discourse about a diaspora.
Factors Associated with Liver Fibrosis in Intravenous Drug Users Coinfected with HIV and HCV
Authors: Cartón José A , Collazos Julio , de la Fuente Belén , García-Alcalde María Luisa , Suarez-Zarracina Tomas , Rodríguez-Guardado Azucena , Asensi Victor 
Published: January 2011

Background Reliable non-invasive methods for the evaluation of liver fibrosis are desirable, and the risk factors associated with fibrosis are not fully identified. Methods A cross-sectional study of a cohort of 805 HIV–HCV-coinfected patients with active HCV replication, most (95.2%) of whom were intravenous drug users, was conducted. Liver fibrosis was measured by transient elastometry with cutoff values of 7.2 kPa (significant fibrosis), 9.4 kPa (advanced fibrosis) and 14.0 kPa (cirrhosis), and by liver fibrosis indexes (LFI; APRI, Forns and FIB-4). Available liver biopsies were also evaluated. Results The prevalences of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis were 55.8%, 38.4% and 23.5%, respectively. A number of parameters were associated both in the univariate and multivariate analyses with each of the diverse fibrosis groups; however, only six of them were predictive of all stages of fibrosis: heavy alcohol intake (odds ratio [OR] 3.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–5.59; P<0.001), duration of HCV infection (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.19; P<0.001), CDC category C3 (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.07–3.02; P=0.026), anti-HCV treatment failure (OR 4.37, 95% CI 2.24–8.55; P<0.001), thrombocytopaenia (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.011–1.019; P<0.001) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (1.006, 95% CI 1.0021–1.010; P=0.004). Furthermore, 53%, 68% and 80% of patients with significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, respectively, had increased measures on at least one of the LFI, with the Forns index being the most sensitive. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of elastometry to predict histological fibrosis was 0.83 (95% CI 0.76–0.90), 0.89 (95% CI 0.83–0.95) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.94) for Metavir score ≥F2, ≥F3 and F4, respectively. Conclusions Elastometry constitutes a useful tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of HIV–HCV-coinfected patients. Fibrosis is associated with diverse factors, some of them treatable or preventable, which need to be addressed considering the high prevalence and course of fibrosis in these patients.
Temperature modulation of photoperiodism and the timing of late-season changes in life history for an aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum
Authors: Smith M.A.H. , MacKay P.A. , Lamb R.J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhere winters are severe, aphids reproduce parthenogenetically and viviparously in summer, switch to sexual reproduction in late summer, and produce winter-hardy eggs by the end of the season. The role of day length and temperature in initiating seasonal changes from parthenogenetic to sexual reproduction by pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), are described and the selection pressures that affect the timing of this transition are investigated. Over four seasons, a pea aphid clone was sampled from field cages through late summer in southern Manitoba, Canada, and reared in the laboratory to determine the phenotypes of progeny produced as the season progressed. The timing of transitions from one phenotype to another under natural day length and temperature, and the critical day lengths that caused the transitions, coincided with expectations from laboratory studies of photoperiodic responses. Males and mating females appeared later when the weather in August was warm than when it was cool. The timing of seasonal changes was adapted to minimize the physiological time to the end of the season, which maximized the number of asexual summer generations. Ambient temperature modulated the response to day length and fine-tuned the timing of sexual reproduction to adapt for annual variation in autumn weather.
Biology and management of North American cone-feedingDioryctriaspecies
Authors: Whitehouse C.M. , Roe A.D. , Strong W.B. , Evenden M.L. , Sperling F.A.H. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractConeworms,DioryctriaZeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are destructive pests of conifers across North America, and members of several different species groups present significant pest-management challenges in conifer seed orchards.Dioryctria abietivorellaGrote (abietellagroup) is the most pestiferousDioryctriaspecies in Canada. Despite this status, control tactics are currently limited to broad-spectrum pesticides that threaten non-target species and may result in pesticide resistance. The development of integrated pest management programs targetingDioryctriaspecies will benefit from a conceptual framework on which to base future research. To create this structure, we review the systematics, evolutionary ecology, and management of cone-feeding North AmericanDioryctriaspecies. Current research suggests that many species boundaries are in need of further revision. Major gaps in our understanding ofDioryctriaecology impede the development of integrated pest management tactics. For example, host-generated semiochemicals are important inDioryctriareproduction, although the uses of these cues in host-finding and host acceptance remain unknown. Future research should identify factors that mediate population distribution at landscape (e.g., migration), local (e.g., feeding stimulants), and temporal (e.g., development thresholds) scales.
Insights into herbivore distribution and abundance: oviposition preferences of western hemlock and phantom hemlock loopers
Authors: Steinbauer Martin J. , Carroll Allan L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractKnowledge of the factors affecting host selection by herbivorous insects is essential to predictions of their distribution and abundance over landscapes. In the laboratory, we studied the oviposition preferences of two eruptive loopers (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) native to western Canada (western hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Hulst), and phantom hemlock looper, Nepytia phantasmaria (Strecker)) for different species and condition of hosts. When offered a choice, phantom hemlock loopers laid nearly three times as many eggs on western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. (Pinaceae) as on either western redcedar, Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don (Cupressaceae) or western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don (Pinaceae). Western hemlock loopers were less specific, laying equal numbers of eggs on western hemlock and western redcedar, though fewer eggs were deposited on western white pine when compared with western hemlock. When offered western hemlock trees grown under different nutrient and shading regimes, phantom hemlock loopers preferred to oviposit on high nutrient hosts, irrespective of shading; western hemlock loopers exhibited a preference for high-nutrient hosts only if they were grown without shading. These patterns of host preference can be combined with information regarding forest composition to help quantify the conditional probability of western and phantom hemlock looper distibution and abundance.
Mating frequencies and production of hybrids by Rhagoletis pomonella and Rhagoletis zephyria (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory
Authors: Yee Wee L. , Goughnour Robert B. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEvidence indicates low levels of hybridization in nature between the apple maggot (AM), Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), and snowberry maggot (SB), Rhagoletis zephyria Snow, sibling species in the R. pomonella complex. We determined the effects of AM and SB pairings on mating frequencies and production of hybrid offspring in the laboratory. Mating frequency was lowest in SB female × AM male pairings, higher in AM female × SB male and AM female × AM male pairings, and highest in SB female × SB male pairings. A greater percentage of AM female × AM male pairs produced offspring (puparia) than did AM female × SB male and SB female × AM male pairs, and a greater percentage of AM female × SB male pairs produced puparia than did SB female × AM male pairs. Male or female F1 hybrids backcrossed with AM males and with other F1 hybrids were fertile. Results suggest most R. pomonella × R. zephyria hybrids found in nature are the result of R. zephyria males mating with R. pomonella females, with few from reciprocal matings. If true, this asymmetry could lower the incidence of hybridization in nature.
Phylogenetic comparative methods reveal higher wing loading in ant-attendedTuberculatusaphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Yao Izumi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAphids of the genusTuberculatusMordvilko feed on Fagaceae trees and exhibit various interactions with ants, ranging from non-attendance to intermediate or close associations. Despite possession of fully developed wings, two ant-attended species,Tuberculatus quercicola(Matsumura) andTuberculatussp. A, exhibited extremely low dispersal. I examined the correlation between wing loading (ratio of body volume to wing area) and ant associations in 20 species ofTuberculatus. Based on a 1317 bp sequence in two mitochondrial regions, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1), phylogenetic trees were reconstructed by neighbor-joining (NJ), most parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian analyses. All phylogenetic trees showed that mutualistic interactions with ants have evolved inTuberculatusat least five times. Comparative analyses based on the NJ, MP, and ML trees showed that increase in wing loading is correlated with ant associations, suggesting that ant-attended aphids have allocated more resources to their bodies than to their wings, resulting in lowered dispersal.
Population variability and persistence of three aphid pests of potatoes over 60 years
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , MacKay Patricia A. , Alyokhin Andrei 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAbundance, persistence, and variability of populations of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in potato plots for intervals of 58 years (n = 1), 29 years (n = 2), 19–20 years (n = 3), and 9–10 years (n = 6) were compared. The abundance of M. euphorbiae showed no trend among decades and varied 2.4-fold, whereas that of M. persicae and A. nasturtii declined and showed 54-fold and 3700-fold variation, respectively. All three aphid species persisted through the first five decades and M. euphorbiae also persisted through the sixth (last) decade, but M. persicae and A. nasturtii failed to persist for 1 and 3 years of the last decade, respectively. Population variability (a proportion between 0 and 1) measured over a 58-year interval was high: 0.585 for M. euphorbiae, 0.771 for M. persicae, and 0.830 for A. nasturtii. During the first three but not the last three decades, population variability increased with sampling interval, owing to dramatic declines in abundance for M. persicae and A. nasturtii and one stable decade for M. euphorbiae, but no evidence of a more-time — more-variation effect was detected. Persistence was not related to population variability, but declined with abundance. Populations did not reach equilibrium, because of declining abundance for M. persicae and A. nasturtii and changes in population variability from decade to decade for M. euphorbiae. Populations of M. persicae and A. nasturtii from this crop monoculture were less stable than previously studied natural populations of a native aphid species. In contrast, the population of M. euphorbiae, a native species, had variability in a potato crop similar to that of the previously studied native species. The high population variability of M. persicae and A. nasturtii may be associated with their status as introduced species. The dynamic and species-specific characteristics of population variability require that interspecific comparisons be considered cautiously.
An Interrater Reliability Study of the Nottingham Stroke Dressing Assessment
Authors: Fletcher-Smith Joanna , Walker Marion , Sunderland Alan , Garvey Katherine , Wan Anna , Turner Hannah 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: Dressing problems after stroke are common. There is therefore a need to establish the psychometric properties of appropriate dressing outcome measures for use in clinical practice and research. The Nottingham Stroke Dressing Assessment (NSDA) is a validated assessment of post-stroke dressing ability. This study investigated the interrater reliability of the NSDA and the accompanying dressing error analysis form. Method: Twenty patients with persistent dressing difficulties at 2 weeks post-stroke were recruited to the study. Two research occupational therapists and one clinical occupational therapist acted as raters. They observed all 20 patients during dressing and independently completed the NSDA and error analysis form without discussion. A kappa (κ) test was performed to assess the level of agreement between the three raters on each dressing item assessed. Results: Of the 44 items tested, there was excellent agreement (κ > 0.75) on 29 items, good agreement (κ>0.6) on 8 items, fair agreement (κ>0.4) on 5 items and poor agreement (κ <0.4) on 2 items. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the three raters' final percentage score was 0.988, representing excellent agreement. The error analysis form also proved to have interrater agreement. Conclusion: The NSDA and error analysis form can be considered to have psychometrically proven interrater reliability.
The Clinical Utility of the Comparative Analysis of Performance — Motor (CAP-M) for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Rae Nicole , Copley Jodie , Ranka Judy 
Published: January 2011

Background and aim: The focus of upper limb assessment for people with neurological damage has expanded beyond impairment factors. Assessments that evaluate the impact of impairment factors within tasks are needed to ensure that interventions address task performance. The Comparative Analysis of Performance — Motor (CAP-M) identifies upper limb impairments during performance of a client-chosen occupational task and uses this information to guide goal formulation. This study investigated the clinical utility of the CAP-M with children with cerebral palsy. Method: Ten occupational therapists each administered the CAP-M with one child with cerebral palsy. The participants were involved in a focus group or focused discussion. Constant comparative analysis was used to guide data collection and identify key themes. Findings and conclusion: The participants reported that the tool was a useful addition to the current upper limb assessments available for children with spastic cerebral palsy and some voluntary movement. Useful features of the tool were its focus on meaningful tasks, its effectiveness as an observational and educational tool and its usefulness in directing intervention selection. The findings support the development of upper limb assessment tools that span a range of ages and diagnoses and link impairment level factors with task performance.
CarFit: An Evaluation of Behaviour Change and Impact
Authors: Stav Wendy 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: CarFit is a community-based educational programme developed to address driver-vehicle fit and vehicle safety feature use among older drivers in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and impact of the CarFit programme. Method: Four separate CarFit events were conducted using the standardised 12-point checklist, after which participants were provided with a questionnaire to complete and return. Results: The results revealed that 95% of the 54 participants felt that CarFit was somewhat or very useful. Information about the programme reached beyond the study participants because 74% discussed the programme with others and 96% were somewhat or very likely to recommend CarFit. Feelings of programme usefulness were associated positively with the likelihood of recommending CarFit (χ2(6) = 32.502, p<0.001). Safety behaviours also changed as evidenced by reports of vehicle safety feature adjustments, most notably to the outside mirrors, head restraint and steering wheel tilt. Conclusion: The results suggest that an interactive community education programme such as CarFit can change the safety behaviours of older drivers. The potential for increased societal impact exists due to the significant sharing of information by CarFit participants.
The Participation Experience of Children with Disabilities in Portuguese Mainstream Schools
Authors: Pereira Eugénia , Cour Karen la , Jonsson Hans , Hemmingsson Helena 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: This explorative study aimed to chart the participation experiences of children with disabilities enrolled in mainstream schools. Method: The participants were 14 students with disabilities, with good communication skills, aged between 8 and 11 years and attending school in Portugal. The data were collected through open-ended interviews and analysed employing a psychological phenomenological method. Findings: The findings suggest that participation at school took three forms: equal participation, special task participation and onlooker participation. Those three forms contrasted with situations of non-participation, in which the children felt completely excluded. Each form of participation and non-participation presented different performance characteristics and was influenced by the social environment. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide insights that enhance the understanding of children's inclusion in mainstream schools, as well as the individual's experience of participation.
Physical Activity for its Mental Health Benefits: Conceptualising Participation within the Model of Human Occupation
Authors: Cole Fiona 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: The mental health benefits of physical activity are well evidenced yet translating physical activity goals into actual participation can be challenging. Method: This study used a qualitative approach to investigate the barriers and supports that people with depression and/or anxiety have experienced when attempting to participate in physical activity. In-depth interviews were conducted with a small sample of seven participants of a mental health community team who had expressed an interest in physical activity. Thematic analysis was used and correlated with Model of Human Occupation concepts as a means of relating findings to potential practice applications. Findings: The findings confirmed the complexity of factors influencing participation, with those relating to volition being most noteworthy. The participants' negative self-perceptions of their abilities affected their motivation to engage in activities, and other treatments, such as psychotherapeutic and pharmacological, were required. Physical activity was more likely to be used as an adjunct treatment initially but, once mental health issues were beginning to be resolved, its value as an intervention in its own right was increased. Conclusion: Occupational therapists can use the Model of Human Occupation to conceptualise the complexities of engagement. Such understanding is essential before setting physical activity goals and intervention plans for people with mental health problems.
An Exploratory Study of the Occupation-Focused Models Included in Occupational Therapy Professional Education Programmes
Authors: Ashby Samantha , Chandler Bronwyn 
Published: January 2011

Introduction: Occupation-focused models are one method of integrating occupation into occupational therapy education programmes. They offer a theoretical basis for practice by providing explanations about the process and practice of the profession. Method: This exploratory study used a quantitative research framework to investigate which occupation-focused models are included in occupational therapy programmes, the rationale for their inclusion and how the models are integrated into curricula. A survey was sent to 193 occupational therapy programmes in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. Results: The response rate was 33.8% (n = 65). The data showed that each programme included between 3 and 10 occupation-focused models. The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement and the Model of Human Occupation were included in 98.5% of all curricula surveyed. Conclusion: The educators used a multilayered decision-making process to determine which occupation-focused models to include in a curriculum. The instructional methods varied, but most programmes used practice placement education as a teaching strategy. Further research is required into how curriculum design influences a practitioner's future use of occupation-focused models in practice. A better understanding is needed of how professional practice education affects students' values and attitudes towards the use of occupation-focused models.