bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and tolerability of initial triple combination therapy with metformin, dapagliflozin and saxagliptin compared with stepwise add‐on therapy in drug‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (TRIPLE‐AXEL study): A multicentre, randomized, 104‐week, open‐label, active‐controlled trial
Authors: Kim Nam Hoon , Moon Jun Sung , Lee Yong‐ho , Cho Ho Chan , Kwak Soo Heon , Lim Soo , Moon Min Kyong , Kim Dong‐Lim , Kim Tae Ho , Ko Eunvin , Lee Juneyoung , Kim Sin Gon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an initial triple combination therapy (TCT) compared with conventional stepwise add‐on therapy (SAT) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and MethodsThis multicentre, randomized, 104‐week, open‐label trial randomized 105 patients with drug‐naïve T2D (with HbA1c level ≥ 8.0%, < 11.0%) to the TCT (1000 mg of metformin, 10 mg of dapagliflozin and 5 mg of saxagliptin once daily) or SAT (initiated with metformin, followed by glimepiride and sitagliptin) groups. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved an HbA1c level of less than 6.5% without hypoglycaemia, weight gain of 5% or higher, or discontinuation of drugs because of adverse events at week 104.ResultsHbA1c reduction from baseline at week 104 was similar between the groups (the least squares mean change was −2.56% in the TCT group vs. –2.75% in the SAT group). The primary outcome was achieved in 39.0% and 17.1% of the TCT and SAT groups, respectively, with a risk difference of 22.0 (95% confidence interval 3.0, 40.8; P = .027). HbA1c level less than 6.5% at week 104 was 46.3% in both the TCT and SAT groups, whereas the incidence of hypoglycaemia, weight gain, or discontinuation of drugs was 16.7% and 62.0% in the TCT and SAT groups, respectively (P < .001). TCT was well‐tolerated and had fewer adverse events than SAT.ConclusionsAmong newly diagnosed patients with T2D, initial TCT effectively lowered HbA1c levels with higher tolerability and safety than SAT for 104 weeks, suggesting a novel strategy for initial combination therapy in T2D patients.
Research progress on the mechanism and signalling pathway of ferroptosis and its potential role in dermatosis research
Authors: Li Min , Gong Jian , Liu Qiao , Wu Weiwei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is a novel type of cell death that is dependent on lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation, which distinguishes it from other types of programmed cell death. Current research indicates a significant association between ferroptosis and various pathological conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases, albeit with a relatively unexplored role in dermatological afflictions. This paper elaborates on the mechanisms and signalling pathways of ferroptosis, summarizing the recent studies on ferroptosis and its related factors in dermatosis. Our objective is to shed light on novel perspectives and therapeutic strategies for dermatosis, enhancing the understanding of this under‐researched area through this comprehensive review.
IL‐4 and IL‐13 are not involved in IL‐31‐induced itch‐associated scratching behaviour in mice
Authors: Kawai Rana , Ichimasu Nao , Katagiri Kazumoto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractItchy skin or pruritus is a common cutaneous symptom that causes an urge to scratch, and the role of interleukins (IL) in itchy skin has been widely studied. IL‐4 and IL‐13 are known to induce chronic itch. Similarly, the direct role of IL‐31 in inducing itch has been demonstrated in clinical situations such as atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. Moreover, IL‐4 receptor α antibodies (dupilumab) and IL‐31 receptor A antibodies (nemolizumab) inhibit pruritus. However, the interplay between these ILs in pruritus remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the reciprocal effects of these cytokines on pruritus in mice. The intradermal administration of IL‐31 induced itch‐associated scratching behaviour in a dose‐dependent manner. Interestingly, the amount of IL‐31 and IL‐4/IL‐13, co‐administration or 30 min pre‐administration of IL‐4/IL‐13 and intradermal or intravenous pre‐administration of IL‐4 did not affect IL‐31‐induced itch‐associated scratching behaviour when it was observed for 30 min, 2 h, 24 h or 48 h. Pre‐administration of neutralising antibodies against IL‐4 and IL‐13 also did not affect IL‐31‐induced itch‐associated scratching behaviour. These results suggest that IL‐31 can induce itching independently of IL‐4 and IL‐13 in vivo.
A circumpolar study unveils a positive non‐linear effect of temperature on arctic arthropod availability that may reduce the risk of warming‐induced trophic mismatch for breeding shorebirds
Authors: Chagnon‐Lafortune Aurélie , Duchesne Éliane , Legagneux Pierre , McKinnon Laura , Reneerkens Jeroen , Casajus Nicolas , Abraham Kenneth F. , Bolduc Élise , Brown Glen S. , Brown Stephen C. , Gates H. River , Gilg Olivier , Giroux Marie‐Andrée , Gurney Kirsty , Kendall Steve , Kwon Eunbi , Lanctot Richard B. , Lank David B. , Lecomte Nicolas , Leung Maria , Liebezeit Joseph R. , Morrison R. I. Guy , Nol Erica , Payer David C. , Reid Donald , Ruthrauff Daniel , Saalfeld Sarah T. , Sandercock Brett K. , Smith Paul A. , Schmidt Niels Martin , Tulp Ingrid , Ward David H. , Høye Toke T. , Berteaux Dominique , Bêty Joël 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeasonally abundant arthropods are a crucial food source for many migratory birds that breed in the Arctic. In cold environments, the growth and emergence of arthropods are particularly tied to temperature. Thus, the phenology of arthropods is anticipated to undergo a rapid change in response to a warming climate, potentially leading to a trophic mismatch between migratory insectivorous birds and their prey. Using data from 19 sites spanning a wide temperature gradient from the Subarctic to the High Arctic, we investigated the effects of temperature on the phenology and biomass of arthropods available to shorebirds during their short breeding season at high latitudes. We hypothesized that prolonged exposure to warmer summer temperatures would generate earlier peaks in arthropod biomass, as well as higher peak and seasonal biomass. Across the temperature gradient encompassed by our study sites (>10°C in average summer temperatures), we found a 3‐day shift in average peak date for every increment of 80 cumulative thawing degree‐days. Interestingly, we found a linear relationship between temperature and arthropod biomass only below temperature thresholds. Higher temperatures were associated with higher peak and seasonal biomass below 106 and 177 cumulative thawing degree‐days, respectively, between June 5 and July 15. Beyond these thresholds, no relationship was observed between temperature and arthropod biomass. Our results suggest that prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures can positively influence prey availability for some arctic birds. This positive effect could, in part, stem from changes in arthropod assemblages and may reduce the risk of trophic mismatch.
Fast evaluation of the temperature dependence of residual stress in ceramic coatings via an image relative method
Authors: Li Junfeng , Li Haiyan , Bao Yiwang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough the residual stress in one‐side coating (type‐I coating) on a beam specimen can be determined by comparing the bending deformation before and after coating, the stress of a coated component without bending deformation (type‐II coating) is difficult to obtain via conventional methods, especially at high temperature. An image relative method is presented to determine variations in the curvature radius with temperatures for stress analysis at high temperature. A relationship between the residual stresses in type‐I and type‐II coatings was established so that the residual stress of type‐II coating was determined from the measured stress in type‐I coating. Thus, the core issue is to measure the temperature dependence of the bending deformation of the sample with one‐side coating. The temperature dependence of the residual stress in thermal barrier coatings on metal substrate was obtained by continuously photographing deflections of the beam specimen at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 1000°C, and the residual stress in components with symmetrical coatings in the temperature range was then determined.
Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between indigenous and non‐indigenous lupus patients
Authors: Nossent Johannes C. , Inderjeeth Charles , Keen Helen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo compare pregnancy outcomes between IA and non IA lupus patients.BackgroundPregnancy in lupus patients confers an increased risk of maternal and fetal morbidity. There are no data on pregnancy outcomes for indigenous Australian (IA) patients with lupus.MethodsUsing state‐wide longitudinal hospital morbidity data, we studied 702 pregnancies in IA (n = 31) and non‐indigenous (NI) patients with lupus (n = 357) in Western Australia and compared rates for live birth (LB), preterm birth (PB) and gestational complications in the period 1985–2015. Results are presented as medians or frequency.ResultsIA patients had proportionally more pre‐existing renal disease (35 vs 13%, P < 0.01) and lower socio‐economic status (P = 0.02). Age at first pregnancy was lower in IA patients (27 vs 30 years, P < 0.001), recorded gravidity was similar (2 vs 2, P > 0.6) and elective termination (n = 138) was more frequent in NI than IA pregnancies (21.1 vs 4.8%, P < 0.01). For continued pregnancies (59 in IA and 505 in NI), respective outcomes were as follows: LB 84.7% versus 91.5% (P = 0.15), spontaneous abortion 13.5% versus 6.9% (P = 0.13), (pre‐)eclampsia 8% versus 9.9% (P = 0.89), PB 12% versus 13.4% (P = 0.98) and caesarean delivery 30% versus 47.2% (P = 0.02). Gestational diabetes (26% vs 6.1%), renal flares (20% vs 5.6%) and infections (22% vs 6.3%) were all more frequent in IA lupus pregnancies (all P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe burden of comorbidities was higher in IA patients with lupus due to renal flares, gestational DM and infections. Although PB rates were overall high, they were, however, similar for IA and NI lupus pregnancies, as were LB rates.
Arterial blood gas analysis or venous blood gas analysis for adult hospitalised patients with respiratory presentations: a systematic review
Authors: Weimar Zoe , Smallwood Natasha , Shao Jeffrey , Chen Xinye E. , Moran Thomas P. , Khor Yet H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of hypoxaemia and hypercapnia is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory failure. While arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis is standard for PO2 and PCO2 measurement, venous blood gas (VBG) analysis is increasingly used as an alternative. Previous systematic reviews established that VBG reporting of PO2 and PCO2 is less accurate, but the impacts on clinical management and patient outcomes are unknown.AimsThis study aimed to systematically review available evidence of the clinical impacts of using ABGs or VBGs and examine the arteriovenous difference in blood gas parameters.MethodsA comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases since inception was conducted. Included studies were prospective or cross‐sectional studies comparing peripheral ABG to peripheral VBG in adult non‐critical care inpatients presenting with respiratory symptoms.ResultsOf 15 119 articles screened, 15 were included. No studies were found that examined clinical impacts resulting from using VBG compared to ABG. Included studies focused on the agreement between ABG and VBG measurements of pH, PO2, PCO2 and HCO3−. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, qualitative evidence synthesis was performed. While the arteriovenous difference in pH and HCO3− was generally predictable, the difference in PO2 and PCO2 was more significant and less predictable.ConclusionsOur study reinforces the notion that VBG is not comparable to ABG for physiological measurements. However, a key revelation from our research is the significant lack of data regarding the clinical implications of using VBG instead of ABG, a common scenario in clinical practice. This highlights a critical knowledge gap.
Applications of machine‐learning interatomic potentials for modeling ceramics, glass, and electrolytes: A review
Authors: Urata Shingo , Bertani Marco , Pedone Alfonso 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe emergence of artificial intelligence has provided efficient methodologies to pursue innovative findings in material science. Over the past two decades, machine‐learning potential (MLP) has emerged as an alternative technology to density functional theory (DFT) and classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations for computational modeling of materials and estimation of their properties. The MLP offers more efficient computation compared to DFT, while providing higher accuracy compared to CMD. This enables us to conduct more realistic simulations using models with more atoms and for longer simulation times. Indeed, the number of research studies utilizing MLPs has significantly increased since 2015, covering a broad range of materials and their structures, ranging from simple to complex, as well as various chemical and physical phenomena. As a result, there are high expectations for further applications of MLPs in the field of material science and industrial development. This review aims to summarize the applications, particularly in ceramics and glass science, and fundamental theories of MLPs to facilitate future progress and utilization. Finally, we provide a summary and discuss perspectives on the next challenges in the development and application of MLPs.
Improving word reading skills of low‐skilled readers: An intervention combining a syllable‐based approach with digital game‐based features
Authors: Heß Janina , Karageorgos Panagiotis , Müller Bettina , Riedmann Anna , Schaper Philipp , Lugrin Birgit , Richter Tobias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with low reading skills are less frequently engaged in reading activities and therefore the likelihood of improving their reading skills decreases. Digital game‐based interventions have emerged as a promising tool for promoting reading development in children, particularly those with reading difficulties. As syllable‐based reading interventions are likely to increase word reading skills in low‐skilled readers, we developed a new reading intervention application that emphasizes syllable segmentation and integrates proven elements of digital game‐based learning. The intervention aimed to promote phonological recoding and consolidating orthographic representation of syllables.ObjectivesThe present study investigated the effects of the newly developed syllable‐based reading intervention application on general word recognition skills, phonological recoding processes, orthographic decoding processes and text‐level reading comprehension skills in German second graders.MethodsIn a quasi‐experimental design, children with low word recognition skills were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n = 66) or a wait‐list group (n = 66). General word recognition skills, phonological recoding processes, orthographic decoding processes and text‐level reading comprehension were measured with standardized German reading tests before and after the treatment group received the digital reading intervention for 20 sessions.ResultsResults indicated that the children in the treatment group showed significant improvement in general word recognition and in phonological recoding processes compared to equally low‐skilled untreated children in the wait‐list group. Orthographic decoding processes improved only in children with less severe impairments, whereas no significant improvements were found in text‐level reading comprehension.Take AwaysThe digital reading intervention is a promising approach for supporting word reading in low‐skilled reading second graders and can serve as an effective intervention tool for this target group.
A degree‐hour phenological model to forecast the first invasion of Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Arbabtafti Roya , Fathipour Yaghoub , Aghdam Hossein Ranjbar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCorn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer, is an important pest of corn and sugarcane worldwide. The validation of a linear and some selected nonlinear models in semi‐field and field conditions regarding the development time of the Varamin and Rey populations of S. cretica was performed. Our previously published laboratory data on the development rate and thermal constant of the pest for both populations were used as baseline information. The results showed that to construct a forecasting model, the lower temperature threshold of the Ikemoto model and estimated thermal constant of semi‐field or field conditions could provide a more accurate model. In the management of corn stem borer, when the thermal constant of the environment reached 44874.45 DH and 51,644 degree‐hour (DH) for the populations of Varamin and Rey, respectively, in the second generation on corn, which coincides with the peak of eggs, the necessary measures for inhibition should be prepared. Pest control was recommended when it reached 45857.01 DH and 52692.56 DH in Varamin and Rey, respectively, which coincides with the emergence of neonate larvae. Using these results leads to more successful pest management and saving time and financial resources.
Effectiveness and safety of biosilicate‐enhanced bleaching gels on enamel with early erosion lesion
Authors: Dascanio Rafael , de Oliveira Ribeiro Rafael Antonio , Coelho Camila Siqueira Silva , Souza Marina Trevelin , Kury Matheus , Zanotto Edgar Dutra , de Souza Costa Carlos Alberto , Cavalli Vanessa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) gel incorporated with 10% (w/w) biosilicate (BioS) on sound enamel and early‐stage enamel erosion lesions.MethodsDiscs of enamel/dentin were selected, subjected to erosive cycles (0.3% citric acid, pH 2.6), and treated with (n = 8): HP (35% HP, positive control); HP_BioS [carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) + HP + BioS]; BioS (CMC + BioS); CMC (negative control). The discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers with the enamel exposed for bleaching, and the dentin facing toward the culture medium (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium [DMEM]). Bleaching was performed in three 30‐min sessions at 7‐day intervals. After bleaching, the diffusion product (DMEM extract + diffused HP) was pipetted onto MDPC‐23 odontoblastic cell line and inoculated. Color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb), color change (ΔE00), and changes in whiteness index (ΔWID) were determined before (T0) and after the last bleaching session (T3). Cell viability (MTT, %), H2O2 diffusion (μg/mL), oxidative cell stress (OxS), and cell fluorescence (live/dead assay, in confocal microscopy) were assessed (ANOVA/Tukey; α = 0.05).ResultsNo difference in ΔL, Δa, Δb, ΔE00, and ΔWID were found between HP and HP_BioS (p > 0.05). The incorporation of BioS decreased the HP diffusion into the substrates and mitigated oxidative stress in early‐stage eroded enamel (p < 0.05). HP_BioS presented significantly higher cell viability compared with HP under erosion conditions. Live/dead assay indicated that BioS_HP maintained viability with larger clusters of viable cells.ConclusionIncorporating BioS into HP maintained bleaching effectiveness, favored cell viability, reduced the oxidative stress, and the cytotoxicity in teeth with early‐stage erosion.Clinical SignificanceBioS formulation showed promising results for reducing cytotoxicity in patients seeking tooth bleaching and presenting undetectable early‐stage erosion.
Intermediary processes in Hispanic/Latinx/o youths' coping responses to cultural stressors
Authors: Lorenzo‐Blanco Elma I. , Henriquez Kimberly L. , Stein Gabriela Livas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCultural stressors related to racism, xenophobia, and navigating bicultural contexts can compromise the healthy development of Hispanic/Latinx/o (H/L) youth. Youth' coping can minimize the adverse impact of this stress. Less is known about the intermediary processes related to youths' cultural stressor experiences and coping responses. We analyzed focus group data from H/L youth (N = 45; 50% girls; 0% nonbinary; Mage = 15.3) to hear their voices on how they interpret, react to, are impacted by and cope with cultural stressors. Using a Grounded Theory approach, we constructed four themes of intermediary processes (e.g., meaning making) and four themes of coping (e.g., distancing oneself). Youth actively processed their experiences, which informed their coping choices, pointing to youths' agency and resilience.
Hyperarousal features in the sleep architecture of individuals with and without insomnia
Authors: Di Marco Tobias , Scammell Thomas E. , Sadeghi Kolia , Datta Alexandre N. , Little David , Tjiptarto Nurkurniati , Djonlagic Ina , Olivieri Antonio , Zammit Gary , Krystal Andrew , Pathmanathan Jay , Donoghue Jacob , Hubbard Jeffrey , Dauvilliers Yves 
Published: June 2024

SummarySleep architecture encodes relevant information on the structure of sleep and has been used to assess hyperarousal in insomnia. This study investigated whether polysomnography‐derived sleep architecture displays signs of hyperarousal in individuals with insomnia compared with individuals without insomnia. Data from Phase 3 clinical trials, private clinics and a cohort study were analysed. A comprehensive set of sleep architecture features previously associated with hyperarousal were retrospectively analysed focusing on sleep–wake transition probabilities, electroencephalographic spectra and sleep spindles, and enriched with a novel machine learning algorithm called the Wake Electroencephalographic Similarity Index. This analysis included 1710 individuals with insomnia and 1455 individuals without insomnia. Results indicate that individuals with insomnia had a higher likelihood of waking from all sleep stages, and showed increased relative alpha during Wake and N1 sleep and increased theta power during Wake when compared with individuals without insomnia. Relative delta power was decreased and Wake Electroencephalographic Similarity Index scores were elevated across all sleep stages except N3, suggesting more wake‐like activity during these stages in individuals with insomnia. Additionally, sleep spindle density was decreased, and spindle dispersion was increased in individuals with insomnia. These findings suggest that insomnia is characterized by a dysfunction in sleep quality with a continuous hyperarousal, evidenced by changes in sleep–wake architecture.