bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P2-S6.01 Social, behavioural characteristics, and seroprevalence of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM): about 92 cases collected in a community medical center named Centre Oasis “of Association African SolidaritÉ (AAS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso”
Authors: Elias Dah Ter Tiero , Koala T S 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundLike many African countries, the issue of sex between men in Burkina Faso remains taboo and is often the cause of social exclusion. Our objective in this study was to determine social and behavioural characteristics and seroprevalence of HIV infection among MSM in Ouagadougou.MethodsA questionnaire (closed questions) written by the medical team at Centre Oasis" was submitted to the MSM. Our sample of 92 consisted of MSM who frequented the center and some who did not. Data were collected by medical staff and peer educators. They were: -Social, -Behavioural, -The results of HIV serology.ResultsThe average age of MSM surveyed was 28.6 years with extremes of 18 and 56 years. MSM were predominantly students with a proportion of 34.8%. 21.7% were traders, 2.2% were unemployed. More than half of respondents were single (54.8%). 22.8% were living with a common-law wife, and 20.7% were legally married. 78.3% of MSM had had sex with a woman. 2 / 3 of all MSM (65.2%) were bisexual. In 90.2% of cases, the MSM used condoms two out of three times during sexual intercourse0.77.2% of MSM used water-based gels two out of three times during sexual intercourse. The majority of MSM (82, 6%) had more than one sexual partner. In 82.1%, none of the MSM had discussed their situation with their family for fear of being rejected. Of 55 MSM who had had an HIV test, 8 had been diagnosed positive for HIV giving a prevalence of 14.5%.ConclusionIn our study, it appears that the MSM community in Ouagadougou is highly vulnerable given the high rate of HIV seroprevalence and its marginalisation. Targeted interventions for the recognition ofsupport are needed to help sustain the achievements of the national fight against HIV.
P2-S6.06 Prevalence, incidence and predictors of sexual assault in the community-based HIM cohort of Sydney homosexual men
Authors: Templeton D , Jin F , Prestage G , Poynten M 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundSexual assault (SA) is commonly reported in cross-sectional studies of men who have sex with men (MSM) worldwide, but there are few community-based longitudinal data.MethodsParticipants in the Health in Men (HIM) cohort study reported lifetime history of SA at baseline and annual experience of SA at each interview. Predictors and outcomes of lifetime and incident SA were assessed using logistic and Cox regression analyses, respectively.ResultsAt study entry 319 of 1427 participants (22.5%, 95% CI 20.4 to 24.8%) reported past SA. Independent demographic predictors of past SA were being on pension or benefits (p<0.001), Asian v Anglo ethnicity (OR=0.37, p=0.015) and Indigenous vs non-Indigenous ethnicity (OR 3.79, p=0.024). Those reporting past SA had more lifetime male sexual partners (p<0.001) and more often reported past gonorrhoea infection (p=0.010). Past SA was associated with cigarette smoking (p<0.001), marijuana use (p<0.001), amyl nitrate use (p=0.034) but not use of alcohol or other recreational drugs. During 7392.7 person years of follow-up 55 incident SA were reported (incidence 0.74 per 100PY, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.97). Incidence was significantly higher among those with lower incomes (p=0.015) and those who reported a past history of SA at baseline (HR 2.61, p=0.009). In the previous 6 months, those suffering incident SA had more male sexual partners (p=0.056), more unprotected receptive anal sex with casual partners (p=0.004), but were no more likely to acquire HIV (p=0.313). There was no association of incident SA with current sex work, smoking, alcohol or other recreational drug use. After adjustment for age both past and incident SA were predictors of current erectile dysfunction (p<0.001 & p=0.005, respectively), low libido (p=0.050 & p=0.028, respectively) and other problems affecting sexual satisfaction (both p<0.001). Lifetime and incident SA were both also associated with a range of adverse psychological correlates.ConclusionsAs far as we are aware, these are the first prospective data to examine sexual violence among MSM. A number of demographic and behavioural correlates suggest socioeconomic disadvantage and potentially heightened STI/HIV risk in these MSM victims. There was a strong association of SA with adverse markers of psychological and psychosexual health. Routine enquiry regarding SA experience of MSM should occur in sexual health clinics due to its association with a broad range of adverse sexual health outcomes.
P2-S6.07 Intentional viral sorting as a frequently practiced HIV risk reduction strategy among HIV-positive MSM with HIV discordant and concordant partners
Authors: Davidovich U , Van den Boom W , Witlox R , Stolte I 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundViral sorting is a risk reduction strategy based on the perception that an undetectable viral load reduces HIV transmission risk during unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) with casual partners. We examined how frequently HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) practice intentional viral sorting with HIV-positive and HIV-negative or unknown casual sex partners and sex buddies.MethodsWe included 177 HIV-positive MSM who completed a questionnaire regarding UAI and viral sorting practice. Viral sorting was defined as intentionally engaging in UAI on the condition that both the participant and the HIV-positive partner had an undetectable viral load, or the participant himself had an undetectable viral load with an HIV-negative/unknown casual partner. We examined whether men ever practiced intentional viral sorting since HIV diagnosis, and how often UAI with a last casual partner was the result of viral sorting. We distinguished two casual partner types: the casual sex partner (met by chance and had sex with”) and the sex buddy (“contacted on a regular basis for sex but not considered a steady partner”).ResultsOf the 177 participants, 68% (120/177) ever had UAI since HIV diagnosis. Of those, 44% (53/120) ever practiced viral sorting with an HIV-positive partner and 38% (46/120) with an HIV-negative/unknown partner. Of all participants, 41% (73/177) had UAI with a last casual partner. Among men who had UAI with a last HIV-positive casual partner (n=35), proportions of viral sorting practice with a casual sex partner and a sex buddy were, respectively, 20% (3/15) and 58% (11/20), p<0.05. Among men who had UAI with an HIV-negative/unknown casual partner (n=38), proportions of viral sorting with a casual sex partner and a sex buddy were, respectively, 57% (16/28) and 40% (4/10), p=0.47.ConclusionsOur data suggest that viral sorting as an intentionally practiced HIV risk reduction strategy is applied relatively frequently among HIV-positive MSM with all partner types. The highest proportions were reported with HIV-positive sex buddies and HIV-negative/unknown casual sex partners. Since viral sorting is being extensively applied by MSM and most of the available data on viral load and HIV transmission risk is derived from studies on heterosexuals, future investigation should provide clear-cut indications on the effectiveness of viral sorting in lowering HIV transmission among MSM.
P1-S1.36 Prevalence ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeinfections among men and women entering the National Job Training Program-USA, 2004–2009
Authors: Bradley H , Satterwhite C 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundNational notifiable disease data indicate that 99 of every 100 000 persons in the USA were infected with gonorrhoea in 2009, the lowest recorded gonorrhoea rate in US history. However, the extent to which declining case reports signify a reduction in prevalence is unknown. In order to better understand national gonorrhoea trends, we examined prevalence over time among men and women entering the National Job Training Program (NJTP).MethodsGonorrhoea prevalence was estimated among 16–24-year-old men and women entering the NJTP in 48 states and the District of Columbia from 2004–2009. To approximate gonorrhoea screening, only data from the 105 (85% of all 123) centers that performed gonorrhoea testing on at least 50% of the population were included. Conditional logistic regression was used to assess the probability of testing positive for gonorrhoea over time, adjusted for variables associated with gonorrhoea risk.Results95 184 men and 91 697 women were screened for gonorrhoea upon entry to the NJTP from 2004 to 2009. For women, gonorrhoea prevalence increased from 2004 (2.6%) to 2006 (2.9%), then decreased steadily through 2009 (1.8%). For men, prevalence increased from 2004 (1.3%) to 2005 (1.6%), then decreased through 2009 (0.9%). Gonorrhoea prevalence among black women decreased from 3.6% in 2004 to 2.5% in 2009 and was 2–4 times higher than prevalence among white women during the study period. Likewise, prevalence among black men decreased from 2.0% to 1.5% and was 8–22 times higher than prevalence among white men. After adjusting for age, race, region, and test technology, the odds of a woman testing positive for gonorrhoea decreased by 50% from 2004 to 2009. Similarly, the odds of a man testing positive for gonorrhoea decreased by 40% during the study period see Abstract P1-S1.36 Figure 1.Abstract P1-S1.36 Figure 1Gonorrhoea prevalence among men and women screened for gonorrhoea at entry to the National Job Training Program—USA, 2004–2009.ConclusionsDeclining trends in gonorrhoea infection among NJTP entrants are similar to those observed in gonorrhoea case report data, suggesting that the decrease in case reports is due to a decrease in prevalence. Both data sources also demonstrate continuing racial disparities in gonorrhoea infection between blacks and whites. Interventions to reduce gonorrhoea infections should be developed to reach populations with a disproportionate risk.
P2-S6.09 Factors associated with HIV sexual risk management among HIV-negative men who have sex with men living in Quebec and who use internet to find sexual partners
Authors: Drouin M C , Léobon A , Frigault L R , Lévy J J 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundThis presentation has 2 primary objectives. First, to describe sociodemographic, psychosocial, sociosexual, environnemental and health predictors of a HIV seroconversion risk behaviour, unprotected anal intercourse with HIV-positive or HIV-unknown casual partners (UAI(+/?)), among HIV-negative MSM who live in Quebec and use Internet to find sexual partners. Second, to analyse factors associated to those predictors.MethodWe use data from Net Gay Baromètre 2008, a online quantitative survey which took place on Quebec’ dating websites from December 2007 to May 2008. 3718 MSM participated in this survey of whom 1794 were HIV-negative. Bivariate analysis (χ2; t test) and hierarchical regression were performed with SPSS v0.16.0 for Macintosch.Results14.7% of HIV-negative respondents have declared an UAI(+/?) in the past 12 months. Multivariate analysis show that homosexual identity, number of casual partners, marginal sexual practices, drug use, engagement in a couple relationship and history of a STI in the past 12 months were significant predictors associated with UAI(+/?) among those respondents. Bivariate analysis show that those predictors were more often declared among respondents who live in Montreal region, are seeking sensations, are seeking partners in sex venues and are regularly seeking partners on dating websites.ConclusionsThis group of predictors and associated factors shows various sexual scenarios. Those sexual scenarios seem to be more frequent in certain spaces like Internet, which influence the management of sexual risks. Initiatives to prevent HIV seroconversion adapted to the reality of MSM who live in Quebec and use Internet to find sexual partners are proposed.
P2-S6.10 Risks and attributable fractions for HIV infection among MSM at a LGBT Health Center: Chicago, 2010
Authors: Hotton A , Gratzer B , Estrich C , Mehta S D 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundContinued increases in HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) underscore the need for intervention strategies that target those at highest risk of infection.MethodsJanuary–December 2010, we collected information on demographic and behavioural risks in the past 12 months from MSM seeking anonymous HIV testing. We examined risks for HIV infection and calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) to identify relative contributions of exposures to overall infection.ResultsOverall, 81 (2.7%) newly diagnosed infections were identified among 3045 men. Men were median age 31, 64% white, 9% black, 17% Hispanic, and 10% other race/ethnicity. 14% had been diagnosed with an STI in the past year. Among clients for whom behavioural data were available (98%), black race, STI history, receptive anal intercourse (RAI), not always using condoms for RAI, ≥3 partners for RAI, methamphetamine use, sex with an HIV positive partner, and sex with a partner of unknown serostatus were associated with an increased odds of HIV infection in univariate analysis. The univariate association between methamphetamine use and HIV infection was partially mediated by sexual risk behaviour. In multivariable logistic regression, black race (OR, 1.7; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.4), STI history (OR, 2.0; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6), not always using condoms for RAI (OR, 2.6; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.6), and RAI with ≥3 partners (OR, 2.2; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.9) were significantly associated with HIV infection. Adjusted PAFs were 13.7% (95% CI −1.4 to −26.6) for STI history; 36.7% (95% CI 12.2 to 54.4) for not always using condoms for RAI; and 28.8% (95% CI 5.5 to 46.3) for ≥3 RAI partners. The total combined PAF for these factors adjusted for race/ethnicity was 58.8% (95% CI 28.5 to 72.0). While 81% of HIV-infected men reported at least one risk factor and 11% reported all three, overall, 51% of men screened had at least one of these factors: STI history (14%); not always using condoms for RAI (32%); and ≥3 RAI partners (27%).ConclusionsSTI history, inconsistent condom use, and ≥ 3 sex partners for RAI accounted for 59% of new HIV infections, but were present in half those tested. While we identified behaviours for intervention content, we did not identify sub-groups to target. Interventions that address condom use efficacy and reducing numbers of partners for RAI, including the effect of substance use on sexual decision making, should be considered for men reporting these risks.
P2-S6.13 Gay men's assessment of sexual and social risks in the context of a recent HIV-positive diagnosis
Authors: Grace D , Kwag M , Steinberg M , Rekart M 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundTechnological innovations in HIV testing that allow for the diagnosis of very recently-acquired HIV infections provide opportunities to understand sexual and social risk perceptions before and after an HIV-positive diagnosis. Longitudinal interviews with a group of gay men who have received an early or acute HIV diagnosis represent an important opportunity to understand risk assessment beyond individual-level paradigms of risk analysis and to broaden our understanding of social and structural risk factors associated with HIV infection, diagnosis and disclosure.MethodsStudy recruitment is being conducted through six clinical sites in British Columbia, Canada (April 2009—December 2012) by the CIHR Team in the Study of Acute HIV Infection in Gay Men. Participants (n=12 at time of analysis) completed a series of self-administered questionnaires and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Baseline qualitative interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed. A thematic analysis, informed by a social organization of knowledge perspective, was conducted.ResultsThree interrelated domains of risk assessment emerged from the interviews. First, we explicate how men calculated the epidemiological or sexual risks of transmitting HIV before and after their diagnosis, and how such an assessment informed their sexual behaviours. Second, men described a myriad of experienced and perceived social risks, such as stigma and rejection, associated with the disclosure of their HIV-status to their family, friends, colleagues and intimate partners. Third, men identified potential problems with technologies of status notification which create a set of institutional risks related to the processes by which patients learn of their HIV-positive status. The relationship between these textually-mediated fields of risk is examined.ConclusionA stratified conception of risk allows us to understand the everyday situations in which people assess HIV-related 'dangers' in their social and sexual lives. This formative research has important implications for educational campaigns on HIV transmission risk assessment for both HIV negative and positive gay men. This work can also inform counselling and support services to address how disclosure risks are negotiated during an early or acute HIV diagnosis. Important implications for clinical and public health practices, including how and when people are given their HIV diagnosis, are raised.
P2-S6.14 Sexual behaviour, vulnerabilities and clinical intervention among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending STI clinic; study from South India
Authors: Prasad V S , Shekhar S 
Published: July 2011

IntroductionTimely uptake of clinical services by highly mobile MSM is pre-requisite to halt and reverse STI prevalence among communities in India. It is imperative to understand risk behaviour and vulnerable factors that lead to the spread of STI among communities. A study was undertaken to understand the sexual behaviour, vulnerabilities, among MSM attending STI clinic of the CBO at Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India.MethodIn the study 69 (72%) clinic attendees for a period of 9 months were followed up and interviewed at the STI clinic within the project. Consent and commitment was taken from the clinical attendees to be enrolled in the study. The project counsellor administered the questionnaire followed by clinical examination by the project Clinical provider.ResultsAmong the 69 MSM, 75.3%were 20–30 years & 11%were 31–40 years, 4.3% were above 50 years. Majority were from lower socioeconomic strata of the society and consisted of illiterate people also. 10% were uneducated, 27% Graduates and 44% had 5–10th grade education. About one-third (23.2 %) were married heterosexually. 65% reported travel to other states and 88% reported travel to other districts during the period of study. Among these 70% reported unprotected anal sex with casual partners during travel. Sexual behaviour: During the study period more than two-third (75.3%) had anal sex and all 69 MSM had oral sex. Condom usage, before and after counselling was 6% and 53.6% respectively. 15.9 % had sex with female sex workers and 25% received money for sex. 43% MSM had sex only for pleasure and 32% have sex for both pleasure and money.ConclusionIt is imperative that the project develop specific programs like Partners meet or Lovers meet to introduce their partners to the project and thereby sensitise them on prevention of STI and increase condom use. Programs like “pre-departure counselling” about risks on unprotected casual encounters for MSM planning travel and “post- travel STI screening” should be attempted. Regular and periodic STI screening among MSM and partners may be implemented. This will help the project in addressing the risk of transmission of infections among the partners. Partners meet will be a platform for addressing greater Sexual behavioural issues beyond normative clinical interventions. Early diagnosis and Intervention of anal STI, regular Condom use and repeated Counselling are imperative to halt and reverse the STI epidemic among the MSM community.
P2-S7.01 Condom use and the disposition to it among HIV positive women accessing care at an antiretroviral clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Adefolarin A O , Arulogun O S , Adewole I F 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundCondon use remains one of the ways to prevent sexual transmission of HIV. However, its use among women living with HIV has not been well documented in Nigeria. This study therefore documented the use of condom among women living with HIV attending an ARV clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria.MethodThis descriptive study was carried out among 396 consenting HIV positive women selected using a systematic random sampling technique in President Emergency Program For AIDS Relief clinic Ibadan. Data was collected using validated interviewer administered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and χ2statistics.ResultThe mean age of the participants was 34.8±9.0 years, 62.6% were currently married. 96 (24.2%) 13.2% were never married and 66.2% had disclosed their status to their partners. Three hundred and fourteen (79.3%) of the respondents reportedly were sexually active, of these 134 (42.7%) reportedly use condom in all sexual intercourse with their partners while 28.0% never used at all. A significant relationship was found between condom use and serostatus disclosure (p<0.05). Reported experiences among the 226 (72.0%) who use condom included endurance 115 (50.9%), enjoyment (39.8%), complaint 12 (5.3%), fed up (2.2%) and annoyance (1.8%).ConclusionCondom use is prevalent among the study group and not many derived enjoyment from it, therefore health promotion strategies such as individual psychotherapy, health education on proper use of condom and provision of free varieties of condoms should be put in place to encourage its use.
P2-S7.04 Maximising the impact of positive prevention practices in people living with HIV: learning's from Karnataka, South India
Authors: Jayanna K , Washington R , Moses S 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundWe tried to understand the positive prevention practices in people living with HIV in Karnataka with specific focus on behaviours related to seeking treatment for sexually transmitted diseases and condom use. This gives an indication of programmatic efforts to further halt the transmission of virus and promote healthy behaviours within communities.MethodsDuring 2010, a cross-sectional survey was administered to 282 PLHIV across three districts of Karnataka in the context of large scale HIV care and support program. Information related to positive prevention practices surrounding STIs and condom use were collected, as well as socio-demographic details.ResultsOf the eligible 338 PLHIV, 283 participated with a response rate of 83.7% (144 men and 139 women). Majority of the men were married (66%) while women were either widowed or separated (57%). Knowledge about STIs among women was better than men (94.8%, 51.1%), but women reported more STIs in the last one year compared to men (36.3%: 14.7%, p<0.001). 17.5% of never married, 21% of married and 33% of separated/ widowed also reported STIs. 98.6% of those who reported STIs had accessed treatment, but only 64.7% completed treatment for any particular STI. Treatment completion rate for separated or divorced PLHIVs was poorest (60.7%). Reported condom use with regular partners was reported as lowest by the widowed persons (50%) followed by elderly PLHIVs (61%) and never married (71%). People who were contacted by peer supported programs reported better knowledge about STIs and more consistent condom use with regular partners (86% vs 78%, p<0.01).ConclusionsThe study reveals that certain profiles of people living with HIV such as females in general and widows in particular; younger and never married PLHIVs are more vulnerable than the rest and hence need more attention in terms of prevention efforts by the programs. Better micro-planning and peer mediated outreach efforts focused on these profiles can yield better impact in resource constrained settings.