bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of culture conditions for an efficient xeno‐feeder free limbal cell culture system towards ocular surface regeneration
Authors: Varghese Viji Mary , Prasad Tilak , Kumary T.V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractEx vivo expansion of limbal stem cells from a small biopsy and its subsequent transplantation is the golden choice of treatment for limbal stem cell deficiency. Use of murine 3T3 feeder layer is a prerequisite for this ex vivo expansion. There is an ever‐increasing demand for feeder free cultures to avoid xenotoxicity and transmission of xeno‐diseases to human system. This study was aimed to establish an efficient xeno‐feeder free limbal culture system towards ocular surface regeneration. To study the effect of initial dispase treatment and culture system used, migratory distance of cells from explants was analyzed from phase contrast images using “interactive measurements” of Qwin software (Leica). Expression of p63 in different culture systems was studied by immunofluorescent staining, followed by quantitative confocal microscopy (Carl Zeiss). Results showed dispase treatment was not necessary for establishing limbal explant culture. A combination of Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium and Panserin 801 resulted in formation of autofeeder layer with maintenance of progenitor characteristics, thus mimicking natural tissue architecture. Further analysis of this culture system showed that cells could be cultured till confluency. Immunofluorescent staining of ABCG2 revealed presence of stem cell marker in the confluent cell layer. Scanning Electron Micrographs demonstrated homogenous population of tightly packed cells in this culture system. Replacement of bovine serum with autologous serum did not affect morphology or growth of cells in this culture system. This study will be a major step in the development of xeno‐feeder free epithelial equivalents towards ocular surface reconstruction. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:1045–1052, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A scanning electron microscopy specimen holder for viewing different angles of a single specimen
Authors: Pohl Hans 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe specimen holder for scanning electron microscopy described herein allows a single specimen to be examined in any possible view and significantly improves object illumination. The specimen is glued to a fine pin and flexibly mounted on a double‐sided adhesive conductive pad on a rotatable pivot. A milled pot placed beneath the specimen acts as an electron trap. This provides a homogeneous black image background by minimizing noisy signals from the specimen's surroundings. Microsc. Res. Tech. 73:1073–1076, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization and de novo sequencing of snow crab tropomyosin enzymatic peptides by both electrospary ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization QqToF tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Abdel Rahman Anas M. , Lopata Andreas L. , O'Hehir Robyn E. , Robinson John J. , Banoub Joseph H. , Helleur Robert J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe protein tropomyosin (TM) is a known major allergen present in shellfish causing frequent food allergies. TM is also an occupational allergen generated in the working environment of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) processing plants. The TM protein was purified from both claw and leg meats of snow crab and analyzed by electrospray ionization and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) using hybrid quadruple time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (QqToF‐MS). The native polypeptide molecular weight of TM was determined to be 32 733 Da. The protein was further characterized using the ‘bottom‐up’ MS approach. A peptide mass fingerprinting was obtained by two different enzymatic digestions and de novo sequencing of the most abundant peptides performed. Any post‐translational modifications were identified by searching their calculated and predicted molecular weights in precursor ion spectra. The immunological reactivity of snow crab extract was evaluated using specific antibodies and allergenic reactivity assessed with serum of allergic patients. Subsequently, a signature peptide for TM was identified and evaluated in terms of identity and homology using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). The identification of a signature peptide for the allergen TM using MALDI‐QqToF‐MS will be critical for the sensitive and specific quantification of this highly allergenic protein in the work place. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The carbon versus mass diagram to visualize and exploit FTICR‐MS data of natural organic matter
Authors: Reemtsma Thorsten 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA two‐dimensional diagram is proposed, in which the carbon number of each formula is plotted against its nominal mass, to visualize large sets of molecular formula data that can be derived from data generated by ultrahigh‐resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance‐MS. In such a carbon versus mass (CvM) diagram, each formula (CcHhOo) is unambiguously described by c, its (nominal) mass and the parameter i = c + o. Calculations of chemically allowable formulas illustrate that organic molecules occupy only certain spaces in such a diagram. The extension of these spaces increases with molecular mass in x‐direction (hydrogenation) and y‐direction (oxygenation). The data sets of molecules determined in natural organic matter(NOM) occupy only a certain range of the allowable space. The intensity of the mass spectrometric signals can be included as the third dimension into a CvM diagram. Separate CvM diagrams can be plotted for NOM molecules that include different heteroatoms. The benefits of the CvM diagram are illustrated by application onto data sets of fulvic acids from riverine and marine origin, of secondary organic aerosol, including organosulfates and organonitrates, as well as of ozonation of fulvic acids. The CvM diagram is a useful tool to visualize the elemental regularities in NOM isolates as well as the differences between isolates. It may also be applicable to large sets of molecular formula data generated in other disciplines such as petroleum biogeochemistry or metabolomics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An objective and automatic method for identification of pattern changes in wind direction time series
Authors: Klausner Ziv , Fattal Eyal 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFinding the point in time at which the wind pattern changes its direction is an important problem with a broad scope of application in atmospheric boundary layer modelling. In many cases such a change of pattern can be extracted using subjective methods, which involves a subjective post analysis of the measured time series. A considerably more difficult task is identifying such a change using an objective and automated method. This task is usually treated by smoothing the original time series, extracting threshold parameters using a statistical analysis of the past wind data, and setting threshold values via trial and error. We present here an objective and automatic method for solving this problem. The method identifies extrema and bending points in the cumulative sum terms of sine and cosine of the wind direction time series, which are based on the directional cumulative sum principle. Our method is non‐parametric, and needs neither prior calibration of threshold values nor smoothing of the data. Furthermore, our method is unique in its ability to detect the pattern change even if the direction change occurs gradually. An example of the application of the method is presented using 6 months of data collected at a single meteorological station located on the central coastal plain of Israel. The method was applied to identify the timing of the occurrence of the nocturnal land wind period (beginning and end). Out of 176 days examined, the method identified correctly more than 90% of the periods. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Spatial distribution of recent rainfall trends in Spain (1961–2006)
Authors: Río S. del , Herrero L. , Fraile R. , Penas A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAnnual, seasonal and monthly rainfall trends from 1961 to 2006 period were analysed in this study by applying various statistical tools to data from 553 Spanish weather stations. The magnitude of the trends was derived from the slopes of the regression lines using the least squares method, while the statistical significance was determined using the non‐parametric Mann‐Kendall test. Geostatistical interpolation techniques were applied to generate rainfall trend surfaces. Combining classic trends tests and spatially interpolated precipitation permits the spatio‐temporal visualization of detected trends. Updated trends reveal that rainfall is generally decreasing in January, February, March, April, and June. Around 61, 44 and 12% of the whole territory is evidencing significant negative trends in February, June and March, respectively. Significant precipitation decreases are also noted in more than 28% of Spain in summer and winter. On the contrary, rainfall is significantly increasing in October in more than 21% of Spain and areas mainly located in north‐western areas. May, August, September and autumn also show significant positive trends in the period 1961–2006, although the percentages are lower than for negative trends. Finally, the annual precipitation is significantly decreasing in 11% of the territory. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Dating of raised marine and lacustrine deposits in east Greenland using beryllium‐10 depth profiles and implications for estimates of subglacial erosion
Authors: Goehring Brent M. , Kelly Meredith A. , Schaefer Joerg M. , Finkel Robert C. , Lowell Thomas V. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHere we combine 10Be depth profile techniques applied to late glacial ice‐contact marine and lacustrine deltas, as well as boulder exposure dating of associated features in the Scoresby Sound region, east Greenland, to determine both the surface age and the magnitude of cosmogenic nuclide inheritance. Boulder ages from an ice‐contact delta in northern Scoresby Sund show scatter typical of polar regions and yield an average age of 12.8 ± 0.5 ka – about 2 ka older than both our average profile surface age of 10.9 ± 0.7 ka from three depth profiles and a radiocarbon‐based estimate. On the other hand, boulder exposure ages from a set of moraines in southern Scoresby Sund show excellent internal consistency for polar regions and yield an average age of 11.6 ± 0.2 ka. The profile surface age from a corresponding ice‐contact delta is 8.1 ± 0.9 ka, while a second delta yields an age of 10.0 ± 0.4 ka. Measured 10Be inheritance concentrations from all depth profiles are internally consistent and are between 10% and 20% of the surface concentrations, suggesting a regional cosmogenic inheritance signal for the Scoresby Sound landscape. Based on the profile inheritance concentrations, we explore the first‐order catchment‐averaged bedrock erosion under the Greenland ice sheet, yielding estimates of total erosion during the last glacial cycle of the order of 2–30 m. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Destination image differences between visitors and non‐visitors: a case of New York city
Authors: Phillips WooMi J. , Jang SooCheong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis note discusses the influences of previous visits on tourists' destination images. The cognitive and affective images of New York City (NYC) appear to change in certain directions after visiting. The results also found that city images have a significant influence on tourists' visit intention. However, previous visits to NYC did not play any moderating effect between destination images and visiting intention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Injectable Biodegradable Hydrogels
Authors: Nguyen Minh Khanh , Lee Doo Sung 
Published: March 2010

AbstractInjectable biodegradable copolymer hydrogels, which exhibit a sol–gel phase transition in response to external stimuli, such as temperature changes or both pH and temperature (pH/temperature) alterations, have found a number of uses in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, such as drug delivery, cell growth, and tissue engineering. These hydrogels can be used in simple pharmaceutical formulations that can be prepared by mixing the hydrogel with drugs, proteins, or cells. Such formulations are administered in a straightforward manner, through site‐specific control of release behavior, and the hydrogels are compatible with biological systems. This review will provide a summary of recent progress in biodegradable temperature‐sensitive polymers including polyesters, polyphosphazenes, polypeptides, and chitosan, and pH/temperature‐sensitive polymers such as sulfamethazine‐, poly(β‐amino ester)‐, poly(amino urethane)‐, and poly(amidoamine)‐based polymers. The advantages of pH/temperature‐sensitive polymers over simple temperature‐sensitive polymers are also discussed. A perspective on the future of injectable biodegradable hydrogels is offered.magnified image
4‐Chloro‐benzoic acid [1,2,4]triazol‐1‐ylmethyl ester as an effective inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in HCl solution
Authors: Tao Z. , Zhang S. , Li W. , Hou B. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract4‐Chloro‐benzoic acid [1,2,4]triazol‐1‐ylmethyl ester (CBT) was synthesized and its inhibiting action on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solutions was investigated by means of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that CBT is an excellent inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium and its inhibition efficiency (IE%) is up to 90.2% at a concentration of 10−3 M at 298 K. EIS showed that the charge transfer controls the corrosion process in the uninhibited and inhibited solutions. Potentiodynamic polarization studies clearly reveal that CBT acts essentially as mixed‐type inhibitor. Thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat ($\Delta {\rm H}_{ads}^0$), adsorption entropy ($\Delta {\rm S}_{ads}^0$), and adsorption free energy ($\Delta {\rm G}_{ads}^0$) were obtained and discussed from experimental data of the temperature studies of the inhibition process at four temperatures ranging from 298 to 333 K. Kinetic parameters activation such as $E_a$, $\Delta H^ *$, $\Delta S^ *$, and pre‐exponential factor have been calculated and discussed. Adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The values of the free energy of adsorption $\Delta G_{ads}^0$ indicated that the adsorption of CBT molecule was a spontaneous process, and was typical of chemisorption.
Atmospheric corrosion of aluminium in the northern Taklamakan Desert environment
Authors: Sun S. , Zheng Q. , Wen J. , Li D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAtmospheric corrosion of aluminium in the northern Taklamakan Desert environment in China was investigated through the field exposure over a period of 2 years and the laboratory‐accelerated test of dry‐wet cycles. The results demonstrated that aluminium 1050 suffered serious atmospheric corrosion in the field exposure, which resulted from high soluble salt content and a high pH value of surface desert soil deposited on the samples. The soluble salt in surface desert soil could sufficiently decrease the relative humidity at which corrosion current density suddenly increased. Moreover, aluminium suffered more serious corrosion when there was more soluble salt content in surface desert soil. Among those salts, magnesium chloride caused the most serious corrosion attack.
Influence of climatic factors in cyclic accelerated corrosion test towards the development of a reliable and repeatable accelerated corrosion test for the automotive industry
Authors: LeBozec N. , Thierry D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo designs of experiments made of nine accelerated tests each were used in order to study the influence of a selection of important climatic parameters such as the concentration of NaCl, the drying level, the basic humidity cycle, the frequency of salt spray and the temperature. The accelerated corrosion tests were all performed using automatic chambers. Different automotive materials were selected in order to study the resistance to cosmetic corrosion, perforation corrosion and bi‐metallic corrosion. For cosmetic materials, coated panels of cold rolled steel (CRS), zinc‐coated steel and aluminium alloys were chosen. Perforation corrosion was investigated using crevice panels of CRS, zinc‐coated steel or different grades of aluminium alloys. From the results, the influence of testing conditions on the cosmetic and perforation corrosion of different automotive materials was obtained. As an example, it was shown that an elevation of the temperature from 35 to 45 °C in the cyclic corrosion test increased the scribe creep on painted CRS and aluminium alloys while it has no significant effects on painted hot dip galvanized (HDG) panels. The results were also compared to that obtained after 2 years of exposure at a marine exposure site and on busses driving in area using de‐icing salt. It was shown that one of the tests performed gives a good correlation to field results.
Study on the corrosion behavior of NdFeB permanent magnets in nitric acid and oxalic acid solutions with electrochemical techniques
Authors: Zhang H. , Song Z. L. , Mao S. D. , Yang H. X. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCorrosion behavior of sintered NdFeB magnets in nitric acid and oxalic acid was investigated. The experiment results indicated that NdFeB is strongly corroded in nitric acid solution, and is passivated in oxalic acid solution. Based on the corrosion behavior, the possible corrosion mechanisms are discussed.
Adsorption effect of 1‐((2‐hydroxynaphtalen‐1‐yl) (phenyl)methyl)urea on the carbon steel corrosion in hydrochloric acid media
Authors: Hosseini S. M. A. , Bahrami M. J. , Pilvar P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe adsorption effect of 1‐((2‐hydroxynaphtalen‐1‐yl)(phenyl)methyl)urea (HNPU) on corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was investigated using weight loss, potentiostatic polarization, and infrared spectroscopy methods. Surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results, suggest that HNPU inhibited the corrosion of carbon steel in acid solution and the inhibition efficiencies increased as the concentration of the compound in the solution was increased. The calculated inhibition efficiencies from the two investigated methods were in good agreement. Potentiostatic polarization measurements indicate that HNPU acts as a mixed‐type inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the carbon steel surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The values of activation energy and the thermodynamic parameters, such as adsorption equilibrium constant (Kads), adsorption free energy (ΔGads), adsorption heat (ΔHads), and adsorption entropy (ΔSads) values were calculated and discussed. The results obtained from infrared spectra, confirmed the adsorption of inhibitor on the alloy surface after immersion in acidic solution containing HNPU. The SEM analysis indicated that there are more lightly corroded and oxidative steel surface for the specimens after immersion in acidic solution containing HNPU than that in blank.
Corrosion behavior of 3C magnesium alloys in simulated sweat solution
Authors: Wu F. , Zhang S. , Tao Z. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAZ series Mg alloys AZ31, AZ61, and AZ80 are widely applied in 3C (computer, communication, and consumer electronic) industry. Their corrosion characters in simulated sweat solution have been investigated by electrochemical technology, surface analysis, and pH measurements. Electrochemical test results showed that the three magnesium alloys revealed different corrosion resistance (Rt) in simulated sweat solution, Rt(AZ31) < Rt(AZ61) < Rt(AZ80). Three major components of simulated sweat solution played different roles during corrosion processes. Lactic acid was a kind of strong erosive medium for the magnesium alloys, and NaCl can induce pitting corrosion on alloys surface, while urea acted as a corrosion inhibitor. The corroded surface morphology of the three magnesium alloys was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and corrosion products were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Result of pH measurement tests showed that there were differences in climbing speed and final values of pH for the three magnesium alloys in simulated sweat solution.
Block Copolymer Micellar Nanoreactors for the Directed Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Braun Christoph H. , Richter Thomas V. , Schacher Felix , Müller Axel H. E. , Crossland Edward J. W. , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report the simple one‐pot synthesis of size tunable zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) out of an organometallic ZnO precursor using the self‐assembly of solution phase polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) micelles. The resulting hybrid material could be deposited on various substrates in a straightforward manner with the NPs showing size‐dependent absorption and photoluminescence due to the quantum‐size effect. We compare the results to the assembly of preformed NPs which are selectively incorporated in the poly(2‐vinylpyridine) core of the micelles due to the high affinity of ZnO to vinylpyridine.magnified image
A Rapid and Facile Synthesis of Nanofibrillar Polyaniline Using Microwave Radiation
Authors: Gizdavic‐Nikolaidis Marija R. , Stanisavljev Dragomir R. , Easteal Allan J. , Zujovic Zoran D. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe present the first fast and facile microwave assisted synthesis of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers (“MWA synthesis”). Under conventional synthesis (CS), the polymer was produced with 79.7% yield after 5 h at ambient temperature. However, under microwave irradiation, the nanofibers were produced with yield of 76.2% after only 5 min, i.e., with 78.8% after 20 min at ambient temperature. The FTIR and Raman spectra show the PANI structure in all samples either synthesized conventionally or in the microwave. SEM and TEM confirm the nanofibrillar morphology.
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The specific contributions of set‐shifting to freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Naismith Sharon L. , Shine James M. , Lewis Simon J.G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFreezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is common and the pathophysiology of FOG is poorly understood. It has been hypothesized to reflect complementary yet competing frontostriatal pathways that reduce the ability to keep different tasks (motor or cognitive) on‐line. This inability to “set‐shift” has been proposed to trigger a freezing episode. If correct, this hypothesis would predict a differential pattern of executive dysfunction with FOG being most specifically related to attentional set‐shifting. In this study, 31 patients with a range of self‐reported FOG symptom severities were administered tests of executive functioning. The results demonstrate that FOG symptoms were selectively correlated with poorer performance on tasks of set‐shifting, but not with a range of other executive tasks. This was apparent even after controlling for slowed processing speed, disease stage and depressive symptoms. The results support the recently proposed hypothesis for the pathophysiology underlying FOG in PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society