bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cucurbitacin B Causes Increased Radiation Sensitivity of Human Breast Cancer Cells via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest
Authors: Duangmano Suwit , Sae-lim Phorntip , Suksamrarn Apichart , Patmasiriwat Pimpicha , Domann Frederick E. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose. To explore the effects of cucurbitacin B on the radiation survival of human breast cancer cells and to elucidate the cellular mechanism of radiosensitization if any.Materials and Methods. Human breast carcinoma cell lines were treated with cucurbitacin B before irradiation with 0–10 Gy ofC137sgamma rays. The effect of cucurbitacin B on cell-survival following irradiation was evaluated by colony-forming assay. Cell cycle distributions were investigated using flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and western blots were performed to investigate the expression of cell cycle checkpoints.Results.Cucurbitacin B inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Only MDA-MB-231 and MCF7:5C cells but not SKBR-3 cells were radiosensitized by cucurbitacin B. Flow cytometric analysis for DNA content indicated that cucurbitacin B resulted in G2/M arrest in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7:5C but not SKBR-3 cells. Moreover, Real-time PCR and western blot analysis demonstrated upregulated p21 expression before irradiation, a likely cause of the cell cycle arrest.Conclusion. Taken together, these findings suggest that cucurbitacin B causes radiosensitization of some breast cancer cells, and that cucurbitacin B induced G2/M arrest is an important mechanism. Therefore, combinations of cucurbitacin B with radiotherapy may be appropriate for experimental breast cancer treatment.Corrigendum to “Cucurbitacin B Causes Increased Radiation Sensitivity of Human Breast Cancer Cells via G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest”
Acute Free Fatty Acid Elevation Eliminates Endurance Training Effect on Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Chow Lisa S. , Seaquist Elizabeth R. , Eberly Lynn E. , Mashek Mara T. , Schimke Jill M. , Nair K. Sreekumaran , Mashek Doug G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractContext:Both training and normal body mass index are associated with high insulin sensitivity, but the mechanism may be different.Objective:The aim of the study was to examine whether lean trained humans may be protected from acute free fatty acid (FFA)-induced insulin resistance compared with lean sedentary humans.Design and Setting:We conducted an interventional trial using either a 6-h lipid (20% Intralipid at 90 ml/h) or glycerol (2.25 g/100 ml at 90 ml/h) infusion along with a concurrent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and serial muscle biopsies (0, 120, 360 min) at a clinical research unit at the University of Minnesota.Patients or Participants:The study included lean endurance-trained (n = 14) and sedentary (n = 14) individuals matched for age, gender, and body mass index.Main Outcome Measures:We measured the decline in glucose infusion rate (GIR) during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.Results:The trained group had higher baseline mitochondrial DNA copy number, mRNA of cytochrome C oxidase subunit 3, and insulin sensitivity (as measured by GIR) compared with the sedentary group. When FFA was acutely elevated to the upper physiological range (0.6–0.7 mEq/liter) by lipid infusion, the GIR in both activity groups declined similarly compared with their respective glycerol controls, although insulin signaling, as measured by Ser 473 pAKT/AKT, remained comparable. Specific to the trained group, the stimulatory effect of hyperinsulinemia on mitochondrial mRNA levels during the glycerol infusion was absent during the lipid infusion.Conclusions:Elevated FFA had similar effects in reducing insulin sensitivity in trained and sedentary humans. In trained participants, this decline was associated with alterations in the skeletal muscle mitochondrial mRNA response to hyperinsulinemia.
Physical Activity Patterns of Youth with Down Syndrome
Authors: Esposito Phil E. , MacDonald Megan , Hornyak Joseph E. , Ulrich Dale A. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity patterns of children with Down syndrome. A cross-sectional approach and accelerometry were used to measure the time children with Down syndrome (N  =  104) spent in sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results indicated that adolescents from ages 14 to 15 years were the most sedentary and spent the least amount of time in light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. A general trend of decreasing physical activity as children increase in age was found. This trend is similar to that found among typically developing youth. Participants in this study were found to spend a majority of their day engaged in sedentary activities. Results indicate that most participants were not accumulating the recommended 60 minutes of moderate or vigorous physical activity.
Normal for an Asperger: Notions of the Meanings of Diagnoses Among Adults with Asperger Syndrome
Authors: Rosqvist Hanna Bertilsdotter 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This study explores the production of a counterhegemonic discourse of “autistic normalcy” among adults with high-functioning autism by analyzing notions of diagnosis. The discourse analyses are based on material from ethnographic fieldwork in a Swedish educational setting. Study participants were 3 male and 9 female adults who had been diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. The notion of diagnosis comprises issues concerning coming out and knowledge production. The findings capture an ongoing reformulation process among people involved in the autistic self-advocacy movement when it comes to the meanings of Asperger syndrome and what it means to be a person with Asperger syndrome.
Sexuality and Sex Education of Adolescents with Intellectual Disability: Mothers' Attitudes, Experiences, and Support Needs
Authors: Pownall Jaycee Dawn , Jahoda Andrew , Hastings Richard Patrick 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Few studies have considered families' views about adolescents' sexual development. The authors compared attitudes and behaviors of mothers of young people with (n  =  30) and without intellectual disability (n  =  30). Both groups placed similar importance on dealing with their children's developing sexuality and were similarly confident in doing so. Mothers of young people with intellectual disability held more cautious attitudes about contraception, readiness to learn about sex, and decisions about intimate relationships. Mothers expressed concerns about their children with intellectual disability and sexual vulnerability. They had also spoken about fewer sexual topics with their children and began these discussions when their children were older. The findings can inform more sensitive supports and materials to help families deal with the sexual development of their offspring.
Who Was Deborah Kallikak?
Authors: Smith J. David , Wehmeyer Michael L. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Kallikak Family was, along with The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, Disease, and Heredity, one of the most visible eugenic family narratives published in the early 20th century. Published in 1912 and authored by psychologist Henry Herbert Goddard, director of the psychological laboratory at the Vineland Training School for Feebleminded Children in Vineland, New Jersey, The Kallikak Family told the tale of a supposedly “degenerate” family from rural New Jersey, beginning with Deborah, one of the inmates at the Training School. Like most publications in the genre, this pseudoscientific treatise described generations of illiterate, poor, and purportedly immoral Kallikak family members who were chronically unemployed, supposedly feebleminded, criminal, and, in general, perceived as threats to “racial hygiene.” Presented as a “natural experiment” in human heredity, this text served to support eugenic activities through much of the first half of the 20th century. This article reviews the story of Deborah Kallikak, including her true identity, and provides evidence that Goddard's treatise was incorrect.
Demographic Characteristics, Health Conditions, and Residential Service Use in Adults with Down Syndrome in 25 U.S. States
Authors: Stancliffe Roger J. , Lakin K. Charlie , Larson Sheryl A. , Engler Joshua , Taub Sarah , Fortune Jon , Bershadsky Julie 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This study describes service users with Down syndrome (N  =  1,199) and a comparative sample with intellectual and developmental disabilities but not Down syndrome (N  =  11,182), drawn from National Core Indicator surveys of adult service users in 25 U.S. states. Individuals with Down syndrome were younger than were individuals without Down syndrome. Men with Down syndrome were older than women with Down syndrome, whereas the reverse was true of the individuals without Down syndrome. Most (68%) people with Down syndrome had mild or moderate intellectual disability. The prevalence of vision impairment, hearing impairment, and physical disability increased with age. Adults with Down syndrome were more likely to have Alzheimer's dementia, have a hearing impairment, or be overweight, but they were less likely to have a physical disability than those without Down syndrome. Adults with Down syndrome were less likely to live in institutions or their own home, but they more likely to live in a family member's home. The results of a logistic regression showed that participants were more likely to be reported to be overweight if they had Down syndrome, were female, and were physically inactive, but they were less likely to be reported to be overweight if they were older, had more severe intellectual disability, had cerebral palsy, or were not independently mobile.
Is there a suitable point-of-care glucose meter for tight glycemic control? Evaluation of one home-use and four hospital-use meters in an intensive care unit
Authors: Gijzen Karlijn , Moolenaar David L.J. , Weusten Jos J.A.M. , Pluim Hendrik J. , Demir Ayse Y. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background: Implementation of tight glycemic control (TGC) and avoidance of hypoglycemia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients require frequent analysis of blood glucose. This can be achieved by accurate point-of-care (POC) hospital-use glucose meters. In this study one home-use and four different hospital-use POC glucose meters were evaluated in critically ill ICU patients.

Methods: All patients (n=80) requiring TGC were included in this study. For each patient three to six glucose measurements (n=390) were performed. Blood glucose was determined by four hospital-use POC glucose meters, Roche Accu-Check Inform II System, HemoCue Glu201DM, Nova StatStrip, Abbott Precision Xceed Pro, and one home-use POC glucose meter, Menarini GlucoCard Memory PC. The criteria described in ISO 15197, Dutch TNO quality guideline and in NACB/ADA-2011 were applied in the comparisons.

Results: According to the ISO 15197, the percentages of the measured values that fulfilled the criterion were 99.5% by Roche, 95.1% by HemoCue, 91.0% by Nova, 96.6% by Abbott, and 63.3% by Menarini. According to the TNO quality guideline these percentages were 96.1%, 91.0%, 81.8%, 94.2%, and 47.7%, respectively. Application of the NACB/ADA guideline resulted in percentages of 95.6%, 89.2%, 77.9%, 93.4%, and 45.4%, respectively.

Conclusions: When ISO 15197 was applied, Roche, HemoCue and Abbott fulfilled the criterion in this patient population, whereas Nova and Menarini did not. However, when TNO quality guideline and NACB/ADA 2011 guideline were applied only Roche fulfilled the criteria.
The role of biomarkers in the development of novel cancer therapies
Authors: Jungić Saša , Tubić Biljana , Skrepnik Tijana 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The etiology of diverse patient responses to a given pharmaceutical treatment has eluded science for decades. Only during the last 10–15 years has our understanding of the interplay between genetics and pharmaceuticals advanced to the point that personalized medicine may optimize therapies for each individual patient. The primary goals of personalized medicine are identifying individuals at risk of developing disease to better prevent disease in the healthy population, accurately monitoring each patient’s response to therapy and predicting recurrence in order to pre-empt it. This review gives an explanation of biomarkers and addresses their role in the diagnosis and surveillance of various cancers. It also addresses the challenges of developing novel therapies utilizing newly discovered biomarkers.
First-trimester reference ranges for decidual thickness and its relation to progesterone levels
Authors: Hızlı Deniz , Köşüş Nermin , Köşüş Aydin , Kasap Burcu , Kafali Hasan , Turhan Nilgün Ö. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Aims: The present study aimed to provide normal reference ranges for decidual thickness measured ultrasonographically in healthy first-trimester pregnancies and to evaluate whether there was a relationship between decidual thickness and serum progesterone levels.

Methods: Decidual thickness of 173 women with a healthy gestation between 6+0 and 9+6 weeks was measured ultrasonographically and serum progesterone concentration was determined. Distribution of decidual thickness at each gestational week and its relation with serum progesterone levels was evaluated.

Results: Mean decidual thickness was 6.8, 5.7, 5.5, and 6.1 mm at 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th gestational weeks, respectively. Decidual thickness showed a mild negative correlation with gestational week (ρ=–0.207, P=0.006) and a mild positive correlation with serum progesterone concentrations (ρ=0.191, P=0.021).

Conclusion: The present study provided normal reference ranges for decidual thickness in healthy pregnancies in the first trimester. The association found between decidual thickness and progesterone levels might shed light on further studies investigating the predictive factors of pregnancy loss and might lead to changes in the management of threatened miscarriage.
Development of an Active Detector for the Characterization of the Late-Time Radiation Environment from a Reactor Pulse
Authors: Luker S. M. , Griffin P. J. , Kolb N. R. , Naranjo G. N. , Suo-Anttila A. J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of a commercially available 235U fission chamber, with a matching compensating ion chamber, originally sold as a single-ended detector with the signal conducted over the shield of a coaxial cable. The authors designed an aluminum housing that isolates the two detectors and converts the signals to full differential mode as a noise-reduction technique. The signals are processed using the switched resistor technique to extend the signal range to longer times from the peak of the pulse [Luker, S. M., Griffin, P. J., King, D. B., and Suo-Anttila, A. J., “Improved Diagnostics for Analysis of a Reactor Pulse Radiation Environment,” 13th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry, Akersloot, Netherlands, May 25, 2008, pp. 4–6.]. The newly configured fission chamber assembly has been used at the annular core research reactor at Sandia National Laboratories to provide a high-fidelity characterization of the neutron time profile from a pulsed operation.
The Mechanism of Adhesion Improvement of Elastomeric Silicone Sealants to Difficult-to-Bond Polymeric Substrates through Reactive or Interpenetrating Molecular Brushes
Authors: Gutowski W.(Voytek) S. , Toikka Gary , Li Sheng 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
High-quality and durable adhesion of elastomeric adhesives to metallic, ceramic, and organic substrates is essential to a broad range of industries, e.g., building and construction, automotive, electronic, aerospace, biomedical, and others. The principles of engineering substrate surfaces through grafted connector molecules are discussed in this paper. In particular, two important modes of interaction for surface-grafted “molecular brushes” are investigated and experimentally verified. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of silicone- and/or amine-terminated graft molecules, such as silanes or polyethyleneimines, at polymer interfaces, results in the formation of strong molecular bridges between a range of organic substrates and elastomeric sealants leading to significantly improved bonding. The technology has been successfully adopted by global automotive industry for improving adhesion of a variety of adhesives and coatings to polyolefinic substrates.
Use of Ultrasound Thermometry to Study Natural Convection in Opaque Nanofluids
Authors: Wong Kau-Fui V. , Bon Bradley L. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Nanofluids are being evaluated as alternative heat transfer fluids, and thus their behavior during storage or low velocity applications in which natural convection can be significant has to be known and documented. Buoyancy induced flows in rectangular enclosures using nanofluids can be studied experimentally using thermocouples, thermistors, surface heat flux sensors, and ultrasound thermometry. The effects of the mass fraction concentration of nanoparticles, the enclosure aspect ratio, and the inclination have been studied experimentally, but more could be done. The opacity of nanofluids does not permit the use of particle image velocimetry, laser induced fluorescence, or any other means of flow visualization or visual temperature measurement of the local fluid temperature. However, the temperature field can be observed using a non-invasive method such as ultrasound thermometry. The experimental enclosure here was validated using water as the initial fluid; measured values of the local fluid temperature were compared with numerical simulations utilizing commercial software. Nanofluid mass fractions of 10% and 25% were used for comparative purposes to study the effects of concentration on the temperature field. Buoyancy force reversal effects were witnessed in both 10% and 25% concentrations. The nanofluid also prolonged the multicellular effects that occur in buoyancy inversion flows. A Rayleigh number inversion was observed with the 25% mass fraction nanofluid. The multicellular regime transitions to a boundary layer regime at about Ra = 1 × 107 when the aspect ratio is 2.625 and at about Ra = 2 × 108 when the aspect ratio is 1.000 for different concentrations of nanofluid. The observations could be physically explained. The current work confirms that temperature measurements of the flow field can be made to assess convective regimes and flow phenomena that induce significant temperature variations. The use of ultrasound thermometry is successfully demonstrated for opaque nanofluid.
How Children With Specific Language Impairment View Social Situations: An Eye Tracking Study
Authors: Hosozawa Mariko , Tanaka Kyoko , Shimizu Toshiaki , Nakano Tamami , Kitazawa Shigeru 
Published: May 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) face risks for social difficulties. However, the nature and developmental course of these difficulties remain unclear. Gaze behaviors have been studied by using eye tracking among those with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Using this method, we compared the gaze behaviors of children with SLI with those of individuals with ASD and typically developing (TD) children to explore the social perception of children with SLI.

METHODS:
The eye gazes of 66 children (16 with SLI, 25 with ASD, and 25 TD) were studied while viewing videos of social interactions. Gaze behaviors were summarized with multidimensional scaling, and participants with similar gaze behaviors were represented proximally in a 2-dimensional plane.

RESULTS:
The SLI and TD groups each formed a cluster near the center of the multidimensional scaling plane, whereas the ASD group was distributed around the periphery. Frame-by-frame analyses showed that children with SLI and TD children viewed faces in a manner consistent with the story line, but children with ASD devoted less attention to faces and social interactions. During speech scenes, children with SLI were significantly more fixated on the mouth, whereas TD children viewed the eyes and the mouth.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with SLI viewed social situations in ways similar to those of TD children but different from those of children with ASD. However, children with SLI concentrated on the speaker’s mouth, possibly to compensate for audiovisual processing deficits. Because eyes carry important information, this difference may influence the social development of children with SLI.
Developmental Status of 1-Year-Old Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow’s Milk Formula, or Soy Formula
Authors: Andres Aline , Cleves Mario A. , Bellando Jayne B. , Pivik R. T. , Casey Patrick H. , Badger Thomas M. 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Although soy formula has been reported to support normal development, concerns exist regarding potential adverse developmental effects of phytochemicals associated with soy protein. This study characterized developmental status (mental, motor, and language) of breastfed (BF), milk-based formula–fed (MF), or soy protein–based formula–fed (SF) infants during the first year of life.

METHODS:
Healthy infants (N = 391) were assessed longitudinally at ages 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Development was evaluated by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the Preschool Language Scale-3. Mixed effects models were used while adjusting for socioeconomic status, mother’s age and IQ, gestational age, gender, birth weight, head circumference, race, age, and diet history.

RESULTS:
No differences were found between formula-fed infants (MF versus SF). BF infants scored slightly higher than formula-fed infants on the Mental Developmental Index (MDI) score at ages 6 and 12 months (P &lt; .05). Infants who were breastfed also had higher Psychomotor Development Index scores than SF infants at age 6 months and slightly higher Preschool Language Scale-3 scores than MF infants at ages 3 and 6 months (P &lt; .05). In addition, BF infants had a lower probability to score within the lower MDI quartile compared with MF infants and a higher likelihood to score within the upper quartile for the MDI and Psychomotor Development Index compared with SF infants.

CONCLUSIONS:
This unique study showed that all scores on developmental testing were within established normal ranges and that MF and SF groups did not differ significantly. Furthermore, this study demonstrated a slight advantage of BF infants on cognitive development compared with formula-fed infants.