bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryo‐assisted anterior approach for surgery of retroocular orbital tumours avoids the need for lateral or transcranial orbitotomy in most cases
Authors: Rosen Nachum , Priel Ayelet , Simon Guy J. Ben , Rosner Mordechai 
Published: September 2009

Acta Ophthalmol. 2010: 88: 675–680Abstract.Purpose:  To describe and evaluate a cryo‐assisted, minimally invasive, anterior approach for orbital tumour surgery.Methods:  Retrospective, non‐comparative, consecutive, interventional case series of 103 patients who were operated on by the same surgeon for retroocular orbital tumours over the last 16 years.Results:  A cryo‐assisted, minimally invasive, anterior approach was employed in 63 out of the 103 patients (61.2%). In 37 patients (35.9%), anterior orbitotomy without the use of cryoprobe was employed for biopsy or excision of small, anteriorly located lesions. Lateral orbitotomy was used in three patients (2.9%). In a subgroup of 61 patients with circumscribed lesions (mainly cavernous haemangiomas and schwannomas), cryoextraction was used in 51 (83.6%). None of the procedures required conversion to lateral orbitotomy and there were no intraoperative complications.Conclusion:  In contrast to other reports on the treatment of orbital lesions, in the current case series surgery of most solid tumours and many other cystic or infiltrative lesions was achieved here via an anterior, cryo‐assisted approach, and thus with minimal trauma to the orbit. This approach warrants more favourable consideration because the combination of the anterior approach with the use of cryoprobe and surgical microscope can yield successful results, even in patients with large or deeply located tumours – obviating in most of them the need for lateral or transcranial orbitotomies with bone flaps.
Training in minimally invasive surgery: An Asian perspective
Authors: Lomanto D , Lawenko MM , Lopez‐Gutierrez J 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery, which requires a different approach than used in the past, has created a revolution not only in surgical practice but also in surgical education. To overcome the challenges and difficulties of minimally invasive surgery, training needs to be done outside the operating room and away from the patient. New educational tools have emerged in the form of surgical simulators, including trainer boxes, virtual reality simulators and hybrid simulators. Many studies have confirmed the effectiveness of both box trainers and virtual reality simulators for surgical education. The integration of simulators into a structured laparoscopic skills curriculum creates an ideal training ground for acquiring the necessary skills for minimally invasive surgery. It has also been proven that this training model is effective for transferring acquired skills into the clinical setting.
INFLATION PERSISTENCE AND CORE INFLATION: THE CASE OF SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Rangasamy Logan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper analyses the persistence of inflation in South Africa since 1981. A measure of the persistence of inflation provides important information about the impact of shocks on the economy over time. This information can be extremely useful for the purpose of setting monetary policy, especially in a small, open economy like South Africa. In addition, an estimate of persistence at the disaggregate level helps in the identification of the main drivers of aggregate inflation. This information is useful in deriving a core measure of South African inflation, which outperforms some of the more readily available core measures in identifying the underlying inflationary pressures in the economy.
Diagnosis and classification of periodontal disease
Authors: Highfield J 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPeriodontal diseases have been recognized and treated for at least 5000 years. Clinicians have recognized for many years that there are apparent differences in the presentation of periodontal diseases and have attempted to classify these diseases. Systems of classifications of disease have arisen allowing clinicians to develop structures which can be used to identify diseases in relation to aetiology, pathogenesis and treatment. It allows us to organize effective treatment of our patients’ diseases. Once a disease has been diagnosed and classified, the aetiology of the condition and appropriate evidence‐based treatment is suggested to the clinician. Common systems of classification also allow effective communication between health care professionals using a common language. Early attempts at classification were made on the basis of the clinical characteristics of the diseases or on theories of their aetiology. These attempts were unsupported by any evidence base. As scientific knowledge expanded, conventional pathology formed the basis of classification. More recently, this has been followed by systems of classification based upon our knowledge of the various periodontal infections and the host response to them. Classification of periodontal diseases has, however, proved problematic. Over much of the last century clinicians and researchers have grappled with the problem and have assembled periodically to review or develop the classification of the various forms of periodontal disease as research has expanded our knowledge of these diseases. This has resulted in frequent revisions and changes. A classification, however, should not be regarded as a permanent structure. It must be adaptable to change and evolve with the development of new knowledge. It is expected that systems of classification will change over time. This review examines the past and present classifications of the periodontal diseases.
Radiographs in periodontal disease diagnosis and management
Authors: Corbet EF , Ho DKL , Lai SML 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRadiographs are an integral component of a periodontal assessment for those with clinical evidence of periodontal destruction. A close consideration of the current approach to periodontal diagnosis compatible with the current classification of periodontal diseases reveals that radiographs only inform with respect to diagnosis for a small proportion of conditions. The area in periodontal assessment in which radiographs play a pivotal role is in treatment planning. A variety of radiographic exposure types assist in the development of periodontal treatment plans. This “therapeutic yield” can be achieved by panoramic oral radiographs supplemented by selective intra‐oral views. Digital panoramic oral radiographs viewed on screen appear to offer advantages over printouts or films. Newer imaging approaches, such as cone‐beam computed (digital volume) tomography, may come to show some usefulness but experience has shown that digital subtraction radiography will probably remain a research tool without much clinical application.
Numerical criteria for divisors on to be ample
Authors: Gibney Angela 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe moduli space $\M _{g,n}$ of n-pointed stable curves of genus g is stratified by the topological type of the curves being parameterized: the closure of the locus of curves with k nodes has codimension k. The one-dimensional components of this stratification are smooth rational curves called F-curves. These are believed to determine all ample divisors. F-conjecture A divisor on $\M _{g,n}$ is ample if and only if it positively intersects theF-curves. In this paper, proving the F-conjecture on $\M _{g,n}$ is reduced to showing that certain divisors on $\M _{0,N}$ for N⩽g+n are equivalent to the sum of the canonical divisor plus an effective divisor supported on the boundary. Numerical criteria and an algorithm are given to check whether a divisor is ample. By using a computer program called the Nef Wizard, written by Daniel Krashen, one can verify the conjecture for low genus. This is done on $\M _g$ for g⩽24, more than doubling the number of cases for which the conjecture is known to hold and showing that it is true for the first genera such that $\M _g$ is known to be of general type.
Comparative Evaluation of Two Vaccine Candidates against Experimental Leishmaniasis Due toLeishmania majorInfection in Four Inbred Mouse Strains
Authors: Benhnini Fouad , Chenik Mehdi , Laouini Dhafer , Louzir Hechmi , Cazenave Pierre André , Dellagi Koussay 
Published: September 2009

ABSATRCTExperimental leishmaniasis in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are the most investigated murine models that were used for the preclinical evaluation ofLeishmaniavaccine candidates. We have previously described two new inbred mouse strains named PWK and MAI issued from feral founders that also support the development of experimental leishmaniasis due toL. major. In this study, we sought to determine whether different mouse inbred strains generate concordant or discordant results when used to evaluate the potential ofLeishmaniaproteins to protect against experimental leishmaniasis. To this end, twoLeishmaniaproteins, namely, LACK (forLeishmaniahomolog of receptor for activated C kinase) andLmPDI (forL. majorprotein disulfide isomerase) were compared for their capacity to protect against experimental leishmaniasis in PWK, MAI, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 inbred mouse strains. Our data show that the capacity ofLeishmaniaproteins to confer protection depends on the mouse strain used, stressing the important role played by the genetic background in shaping the immune response against the pathogen. These results may have important implications for the preclinical evaluation of candidateLeishmaniavaccines: rather than using a single mouse strain, a panel of different inbred strains of various genetic backgrounds should be tested in parallel. The antigen that confers protection in the larger range of inbred strains may have better chances to be also protective in outbred human populations and should be selected for clinical trials.
Antibodies Induced by Dengue Virus Type 1 and 2 Envelope Domain III Recombinant Proteins in Monkeys Neutralize Strains with Different Genotypes
Authors: Bernardo Lidice , Fleitas Osmel , Pavón Alequis , Hermida Lisset , Guillén Gerardo , Guzman Maria G. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT
In the present work, we evaluated the neutralizing capacity of the antibodies induced by dengue virus type 1 and 2 envelope domain III recombinant proteins in monkeys against strains of different dengue virus type 1 and 2 genotypes. Here we demonstrated that dengue virus type 1 and 2 recombinant proteins induced high titers of neutralizing antibodies against different genotype strains.
Cryopreservation Decreases Receptor PD-1 and Ligand PD-L1 Coinhibitory Expression on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell-Derived T Cells and Monocytes
Authors: Campbell D. E. , Tustin N. B. , Riedel E. , Tustin R. , Taylor J. , Murray J. , Douglas S. D. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

The B7-CD28 immunoglobulin superfamily of costimulatory and coinhibitory ligands and their cell receptors play a critical role in modulating immune responses. Imbalances in these immune regulatory signals occur in pathological conditions characterized by chronic antigenic stimulation. Clinical studies often rely on the use of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to evaluate cellular immune responses. The impact of cryopreservation on these coinhibitory ligands and their cell receptors is unknown. In our studies, cryopreservation significantly reduced the expression of both PD-1 and PD-L1 on PBMC-derived CD3
+
/CD8
+
T cells and CD45
+
/CD14
+
monocytes obtained from adult control subjects. Blockade of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 using both freshly isolated and cryopreserved PBMC led to higher levels of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and
Candida
-induced gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) with no effect on IL-10 production. Coinhibitory signaling blockade of freshly isolated, PHA-stimulated PBMC from normal adult controls and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects led to increased production of IL-4 and IL-5.
Candida
-stimulated PBMC preferentially induced IFN-γ and TNF-α production, with reduced production of IL-2 and IL-10. This is in contrast to high levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α production with PHA-stimulated cells. The effects of coinhibitory blockade on PHA and
Candida
-induced lymphoproliferation were varied, with freshly isolated PBMC from adult control subjects and HIV-infected patients yielding higher levels of lymphoproliferation in response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Immune function studies employing cryopreserved cells may lead to increased T-cell effector cytolytic and regulatory immune responses.
Increased Immunoglobulin G Anti-
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Serum Antibody Avidity as a Predictor of Favorable Posttherapeutic Evolution in Paracoccidioidomycosis
Authors: Yoshida Márcia , Arroyo Sanchez Maria Carmen , Shikanai-Yasuda Maria Aparecida 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic in Latin America, and ca. 80% of all cases occur in Brazil. Little is known about antibody avidity or the evolution of such avidity in the posttherapeutic period for the different clinical presentations of the disease. In the present study, we evaluated 53 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and calculated the avidity index. Medium- and high-avidity antibodies were found in 79.5% of patients with chronic presentation (
n
= 39). Among patients with the acute form (
n
= 14), 57.1% of the antibodies presented low avidity. In the posttherapeutic period, there was a significant increase in antibody avidity in patients presenting with the chronic multifocal form. In our preliminary study, which needs to be confirmed using a larger number of samples, the optimized method for studying antibody avidity detected differences among the clinical presentations of the mycosis and indicated the value of the avidity index as a marker of posttherapeutic evolution of patients with a multifocal chronic form of the disease.
Multiplex Real-Time PCR for Rapid Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome
mec
Typing
Authors: Chen Liang , Mediavilla José R. , Oliveira Duarte C. , Willey Barbara M. , de Lencastre Herminia , Kreiswirth Barry N. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

Rapid identification and typing of methicillin (meticillin)-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) is important for understanding the molecular epidemiology and evolution of MRSA and offers many advantages for controlling transmission in both health care and community settings. We developed a rapid molecular beacon real-time PCR (MB-PCR) assay for staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
(SCC
mec
) typing. The design of this system is based on the established definition of SCC
mec
types, namely, the combination of the
mec
class complex with the
ccr
allotype. The assay consists of two multiplex panels, the combination of which results in two targets (
mec
class
, ccr
) for each SCC
mec
type. MB-PCR panel I targets
mecA
,
ccrB2
,
mecI
, and the Δ
mecR1-
IS
1272
junction (
mec
class B); it can definitively identify SCC
mec
types II and IV. MB-PCR panel II detects
ccrC
,
ccrB1
,
ccrB3
,
ccrB4
, and the Δ
mecR1-
IS
431
junction (
mec
class C2) and is therefore capable of identifying SCC
mec
types I, III, V, and VI in combination with panel I. The method can also detect the recently described novel SCC
mec
type VIII (
ccrAB4
with
mec
class A). Our assay demonstrated 100% concordance when applied to 162 MRSA strains previously characterized by traditional SCC
mec
typing schemes. Four geographically and temporally diverse
S. aureus
collections were also successfully classified by our assay, along with 1,683 clinical isolates comprising both hospital- and community-associated MRSA and methicillin-susceptible
S. aureus
strains. As many as 96 isolates can be classified easily within 3 to 4 h, including DNA isolation, PCR cycling, and analysis. The assay is rapid, robust, sensitive, and cost-effective, allowing for high-throughput SCC
mec
typing of MRSA isolates.
Cervid Herpesvirus 2, the Primary Agent in an Outbreak of Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in Semidomesticated Reindeer
Authors: Tryland Morten , Das Neves Carlos G. , Sunde Marianne , Mørk Torill 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTAn outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC) occurred in semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Troms County, Norway, in February 2009. Twenty-eight animals with clinical symptoms and 12 apparently healthy animals were investigated. They ranged in age from calves of the year to 4-year-old animals (mean, 1.9 years; standard deviation, ±0.9). The seroprevalence of antibodies against cervid herpesvirus 2 (CvHV2) was 86% in animals with IKC and 42% in unaffected animals. For the 28 clinically affected animals, CvHV2 was detected by PCR in swabs obtained from the eye (82%), nose (64%), and vagina (24%), and CvHV2 was isolated from eye swabs from 8 animals. Virus was not isolated from clinically unaffected animals but was detected by PCR in eye swab samples from five of them. The viral activity, assessed by the ability to cause a cytopathic effect in cell culture, increased with the severity of clinical symptoms, but in severe clinical cases, virus was absent and secondary bacterial infections were dominant.Moraxellasp. isolates were obtained from seven animals, and those from two animals were identified asMoraxella bovoculi. Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcussp., andArcanobacterium pyogeneswere also isolated. It is concluded that CvHV2, which is endemic in reindeer, can cause IKC, probably most commonly as a primary infection of calves. This can be a very painful and devastating disease of economic importance for reindeer herders. This is the first report of CvHV2 as the primary agent of IKC in reindeer. This is also the first isolation of this virus in reindeer under natural herding conditions.
Distribution of Kakugo Virus and Its Effects on the Gene Expression Profile in the Brain of the Worker Honeybee
Apis mellifera
L
Authors: Fujiyuki Tomoko , Matsuzaka Emiko , Nakaoka Takayoshi , Takeuchi Hideaki , Wakamoto Akiko , Ohka Seii , Sekimizu Kazuhisa , Nomoto Akio , Kubo Takeo 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

We previously identified a novel insect picorna-like virus, termed Kakugo virus (KV), obtained from the brains of aggressive honeybee worker bees that had counterattacked giant hornets. Here we examined the tissue distribution of KV and alterations of gene expression profiles in the brains of KV-infected worker bees to analyze possible effects of KV infection on honeybee neural and physiological states. By use of in situ hybridization, KV was broadly detected in the brains of the naturally KV-infected worker bees. When inoculated experimentally into bees, KV was detected in restricted parts of the brain at the early infectious stage and was later detected in various brain regions, including the mushroom bodies, optic lobes, and ocellar nerve. KV was detected not only in the brain but also in the hypopharyngeal glands and fat bodies, indicating systemic KV infection. Next, we compared the gene expression profiles in the brains of KV-inoculated and noninoculated bees. The expression of 11 genes examined was not significantly affected in KV-infected worker bees. cDNA microarray analysis, however, identified a novel gene whose expression was induced in the periphery of the brains of KV-infected bees, which was commonly observed in naturally infected and experimentally inoculated bees. The gene encoded a novel hypothetical protein with a leucine zipper motif. A gene encoding a similar protein was found in the parasitic wasp
Nasonia
genome but not in other insect genomes. These findings suggest that KV infection may affect brain functions and/or physiological states in honeybees.
Nucleosome Assembly Proteins Bind to Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 1 and Affect Its Functions in DNA Replication and Transcriptional Activation
Authors: Wang Shan , Frappier Lori 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT

The EBNA1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays several important roles in EBV latent infection, including activating DNA replication from the latent origin of replication (
oriP
) and activating the transcription of other latency genes within the EBV chromatin. These functions require EBNA1 binding to the DS and FR elements within
oriP
, respectively, although how these interactions activate these processes is not clear. We previously identified interactions of EBNA1 with the related nucleosome assembly proteins NAP1 and TAF-I, known to affect the replication and transcription of other chromatinized templates. We have further investigated these interactions, showing that EBNA1 binds directly to NAP1 and to the β isoform of TAF-I (also called SET) and that these interactions greatly increase the solubility of EBNA1 in vitro. These interactions were confirmed in EBV-infected cells, and chromatin immunoprecipitation with these cells showed that NAP1 and TAF-I both localized with EBNA1 to the FR element, while only TAF-I was detected with EBNA1 at the DS element. In keeping with these observations, alteration of the NAP1 or TAF-Iβ level by RNA interference and overexpression inhibited transcriptional activation by EBNA1 in FR reporter assays. In addition, EBNA1-mediated DNA replication was stimulated when TAF-I (but not NAP1) was downregulated and was inhibited by TAF-Iβ overexpression. The results indicate that the interaction of EBNA1 with NAP1 and TAF-I is important for transcriptional activation and that EBNA1 recruits TAF-I to the DS element, where it negatively regulates DNA replication.
Insertional Mutations in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 gL Identify Functional Domains for Association with gH and for Membrane Fusion
Authors: Fan Qing , Lin Erick , Spear Patricia G. 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACT
Glycoprotein L (gL) is one of four glycoproteins required for the entry of herpes simplex virus (HSV) into cells and for virus-induced cell fusion. This glycoprotein oligomerizes with gH to form a membrane-bound heterodimer but can be secreted when expressed without gH. Twelve unique gL linker-insertion mutants were generated to identify regions critical for gH binding and gH/gL processing and regions essential for cell fusion and viral entry. All gL mutants were detected on the cell surface in the absence of gH, suggesting incomplete cleavage of the signal peptide or the presence of a cell surface receptor for secreted gL. Coexpression with gH enhanced the levels of cell surface gL detected by antibodies for all gL mutants except those that were defective in their interactions with gH. Two insertions into a conserved region of gL abrogated the binding of gL to gH and prevented gH expression on the cell surface. Three other insertions reduced the cell surface expression of gH and/or altered the properties of gH/gL heterodimers. Altered or absent interaction of gL with gH was correlated with reduced or absent cell fusion activity and impaired complementation of virion infectivity. These results identify a conserved domain of gL that is critical for its binding to gH and two noncontiguous regions of gL, one of which contains the conserved domain, that are critical for the gH/gL complex to perform its role in membrane fusion.