bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraadrenal pheochromocytoma associated to SDHD gene mutation
Authors: Lendvai Nikolett , Szabó Ildikó , Butz Henriett , Bekő Gabriella , Horányi János , Tarjányi Mária , Alföldi Sándor , Szabó István , Rácz Károly , Patócs Attila 
Published: March 2009

A familiáris paraganglioma/phaeochromocytoma szindróma autoszomális domináns öröklődésű betegség, amelyet a mitokondrium légzési láncban részt vevő szukcinát dehidrogenáz (SDH) enzim alegységeit kódoló gének mutációi okoznak. A betegség kialakulásában az
SDH
génmutációk patogenetikai szerepét 2000-ben ismertették elsőként. A szerzők az első genetikailag igazolt hazai beteg kórtörténetét ismertetik, és áttekintik az
SDH
génmutációk következményeként kialakuló örökletes szindrómák legfontosabb jellemzőit.
Esetismertetés:
A 33 éves férfit magas vérnyomás, verejtékezés és palpitáció miatt vizsgálták. A laboratóriumi vizsgálatok megnövekedett vizeletnoradrenalin- és -normetanephrin-ürítést, a radiológiai képalkotó vizsgálatok az aorta hasi szakasza előtt 3,5 cm átmérőjű szolid daganatot mutattak ki. A daganat műtéti eltávolítása után a beteg panaszmentessé vált, a szövettani vizsgálat extraadrenalis phaeochromocytomát igazolt. A beteg családi anamnézise nem, de fiatal életkora felvetette örökletes daganat lehetőségét. A perifériás vér DNS-mintájában az
SDHD
gén nukleotidszekvencia-analízise kereteltolódással járó heterozigóta c. 148-149 insA mutációt igazolt, amely csonkolt fehérjét eredményez. Családvizsgálattal a mutációt a tünetmentes édesapában is kimutatták, míg a beteg édesanyja és testvére nem hordozta a mutációt.
Következtetés:
A bemutatott eset az első hazai beteg, akiben az extraadrenalis phaeochromocytoma hátterében genetikai vizsgálattal
SDHD
génmutációt mutattak ki. A családfavizsgálat felvetette a betegségre jellemző genomiális imprinting jelenség lehetőségét.
Factors Affecting Behavioral Interactions Among Sap-Attracted Insects
Authors: Yoshimoto J , Nishida T 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Aggressive interactions often occur between individuals of various insect species attracted to fermented tree sap. We explored interspecific behavioral dominance hierarchies and factors responsible for such interactions occurring in sap-exuding patches on trees. We observed fighting behavior, departures from patches, and attempted entries into patches (individual approached and then left a patch without feeding) in four hornet species (Vespidae), four butterfly species (Nymphalidae), and one beetle species (Scarabaeidae). Our examination of these interactions indicated that the hornet species, Vespa mandarinia Smith, was the most dominant and that butterfly species were competitively inferior. Both Vespa ducalis Smith and Rhomborrhina japonica Hope were less dominant than Vespa crabro L. and Vespa analis F. in departures and attempted entries into patches, but neutral when it came to fighting behaviors. For most hornet and butterfly species, approach and threat behaviors were mainly responsible for departures and attempted entries, respectively, indicating that individuals of these species avoid fights by recognizing the behaviors of other individuals. These results suggest that competitor-avoidance behaviors play an important role in foraging success at sap sites, highlighting the importance of examining these behaviors as well as aggressions before determining dominance hierarchies. Competitor-avoidance behaviors of subordinate species might enable them to forage in patches and potentially affect the co-occurrence of sap-attracted insects.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of an Estrogen Receptor-Related Receptor Gene in the Ant Polyrhachis vicina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Ouyang Xia-Hui , Xi Geng-Si , Bu Cui-Ping , Wang Hui-Li , Zhan Guang-Jie , Hong Feng 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) belong to a subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors where the proteins are closely related to the estrogen receptors (ERs) in structure. ERR homologs have been found in many animals and play an important role in the regulation physiologic processes. We have isolated the ERR homolog, abbreviated as PvERR, from the ant Polyrhachis vicina Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The full-length cDNA of the PvERR gene is 1,918 bp, containing a 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of 245 bp and a 3′-UTR of 368 bp. The open reading frame of 1,305 bp encodes a 434-amino acid protein. The PvERR gene is composed of eight exons and seven introns. The tertiary structure of both the DNA binding domain and the ligand binding domain (LBD) of PvERR belong to the α + β type. The LBD of PvERR is formed by 11 α-helices without H2, and it is similar to the mammalian ERRγ LBD of known crystal structure. Further investigation indicated the potential significance of PvERR in the regulation of development in P. vicina, due to its expression in different developmental periods and castes.
Qualifying Proppant Performance
Authors: Freeman E. R. , Anschutz D. A. , Renkes J. J. , Milton-Tayler David 
Published: March 2009

Summary
Qualifying proppant performance of the delivered proppant before a frac job, or verifying proppant performance after a frac job, can add significant value to propped-fracture stimulations. Current field-testing protocol typically ensures that a proppant meets certain criteria with a simple yes or no answer. Seldom are strict collection and testing guidelines followed, as outlined by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the International Organi-zation for Standardization (ISO). Qualifying proppant performance requires taking quality control a step further by considering the role that proppant characteristics play in the performance of proppant in the fracture. Applying a blend of established practices and new technology, quality-control data can be generated at the wellsite for comparison with the public domain (literature, websites, or fracturing simulators). These scientific data give an engineer insight into how delivered proppants are designed to perform and whether they do so. This eliminates the need to run expensive and time-consuming conductivity and permeability tests on every job. However, because proppant flow capacity or conductivity is a key measure of performance, some empirical results have been assimilated for wellsite and public data. Any differences in delivered proppant performance can be attributed to mining anomalies, manufacturing defects, transportation abuse, and/or contamination.
This paper also introduces new patent-pending technology that enables wellsite-proppant sampling and evaluation before the fracturing treatment. Having prefrac data gives one the opportunity to make any necessary changes in fracture design and implementation to get the most from available proppant. It also provides for a detailed inspection of the wellsite-delivered prop-pant supply. For instance, one can isolate and sample each pneumatic trailer and monitor associated pneumatic discharge pressures. Case histories, onshore and offshore, support qualifying proppant performance.
Friction Loss of Fracturing Fluids
Authors: Bundrant C.O. , Matthews Thomas A. 
Published: March 2009

Introduction
For many years thickened fluids have been used in fracturing work. These fluids have included heavy oils, gels, and emulsions. It has long been recognized that it would be desirable to know the pressure losses due to friction while pumping, in order that the formation injection pressure could be known. Heretofore, all attempts to calculate pressure drop of emulsions and gels by standard engineering formulas have resulted in failure. The reason for this is that the apparent viscosity of gels and emulsions falls off sharply with an increase in shear rate [pumping rate], so that calculations based on laboratory viscosities usually give unrealistically high friction losses.
The relationship between shear rate and viscosity has been thoroughly investigated in this paper. The gels and emulsions used in oil well fracturing were found to fall into a general class of fluids known as pseudoplastics. The name is derived from the property of these fluids to exhibit plastic flow at low rates of shear, yet behave as low-viscosity liquids at high rates of flow. These gels and emulsions will be referred to as pseudoplastics in this paper.

General Correlation
The pseudoplastic properties of these gels and emulsions can be characterized in the laboratory by a log-log plot of measured viscosity vs. shear rate. In this case, measured viscosity is that obtained on the Brookfield viscometer, and shear rate is represented by spindle rpm. This data is shown plotted in Graph 1 and in Table 1.
Human-Factors Implications of Remote Drilling Operations: A Case Study From the North Sea
Authors: Lauche K. , Sawaryn S. J. , Thorogood J. L. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryImproved capabilities for real-time data transfer have given rise to remote monitoring and support for drilling operations, providing faster access to information onshore and reducing personnel on board (POB) and cost. The challenge lies not so much with the technical feasibility but with the impact on work processes, which is still poorly understood. This paper presents a case study of the human-factors implications of onshore operation centers (OOCs) in the North Sea. The authors first investigated work conducted in the Norwegian sector and then followed the implementation of a pilot OOC for the Andrew low-cost-drilling project in Aberdeen. All delivered wells successfully but addressed different strategic aims.For the case study of the Andrew project, the sample comprised 13 semistructured interviews conducted over 3 months and a longitudinal-attitude study with 33 participants from the onshore drilling team, OOC staff, and drilling representatives from offshore. Results were content analyzed by a team of industrial psychologists. The findings show that remote operations in drilling produce effects similar to those of virtual teams and computer-mediated process control in other industries; the monitoring work in the OOC was deprived of some of the physical activity, sensory information, and informal interaction. Potentially, some of these tasks could be automated further, while more cross-trained staff would be required offshore. Different user groups responded differently to the OOC implementation. Onshore teams generally approved of the concept because the OOC helped to create more situation awareness and presented an ideal environment for collaborative decision making and learning. The offshore response was mixed, with strong support for its innovative potential, but also critical voices about system reliability, contractual concerns, and the impact on work/life balance.OOCs can add value to drilling operations by enabling better-informed decisions, but the findings show that success depends on how well the introduction of organizational change is managed. The study provides evidence on how prospective users can be involved in the change process in this dispersed and fluctuating industry and which social and cognitive skills are important for effective collaboration in e-operations.
Subprime Mortgages, Foreclosures, and Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Gerardi Kristopher , Willen Paul 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of the subprime crisis on urban neighborhoods in Massachusetts. The topic is explored using a dataset that matches race and income information from HMDA data with property-level transaction data from Massachusetts Registry of Deeds offices. With this data, we show that much of the subprime lending in the state was concentrated in urban neighborhoods, and that minority homeownerships created with subprime mortgages have proven exceptionally unstable in the face of rapid price declines. The evidence, in Massachusetts, suggests that subprime lending did not, as is commonly believed, lead to a substantial increase in homeownership by minorities, but instead generated turnover in properties owned by minority residents. Furthermore, we argue that the particularly dire foreclosure situation in urban neighborhoods actually makes it somewhat easier for policymakers to provide remedies.
Single Transverse, Dorsal Incision for Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Exposure
Authors: Dalal Rakesh , Mahajan Ravindra H. 
Published: March 2009

Background: The exposure of the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints is often difficult and inadequate in the presence of rheumatoid arthritis and associated deformities. We describe our results following the use of a single curved transverse, dorsal incision for the Mann-Thompson type of forefoot arthroplasty, 5 , 9 multiple Weil osteotomies, 1 , 2 , 7 , 11 and other forefoot procedures. Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty-nine consecutive patients (163 feet) were included in the study. Wound healing, and patient and surgeon satisfaction were assessed. Results: Ease of exposure and visualization of the target area was good-to-excellent in all patients. There were eight minor wound complications. There were no neurovascular complications. Conclusion: A single transverse incision offers adequate exposure of lesser metatarsophalangeal joints and good cosmesis. Level of Evidence: IV, Case Series
Mechanical anisotropy and ideal strength in a multifunctional Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr–O alloy (Gum Metal)
Authors: Hara Masashi , Shimizu Yusuke , Yano Takeshi , Takesue Naohisa , Furuta Tadahiko , Kuramoto Shigeru 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
An ideal shear strength of Gum Metal, a newly developed set of beta-type titanium alloys with the nominal composition Ti-24(Nb + V + Ta) – (Zr, Hf) – O (at.%) believed to deform without motion of crystal dislocations, has been investigated experimentally for precise determination. Tensile tests of single crystals of Gum Metal along the <100>, <110>, and <111> directions showed that the Young' moduli were 40, 60, and 86 GPa, respectively. The elastic constants were estimated as c11 – c12 = 25 – 27 GPa and c44 = 29 – 36 GPa. In terms of these values, the anisotropy factor and the ideal strength were evaluated as 2.3 – 2.6 and 1.7 – 1.9 GPa, respectively. It was found that a ratio of the actual ultimate tensile strength to the ideal strength for Gum Metal was much higher than for other bcc metals.
Directional crystallisation of Ti–Al–Si in-situ composites
Authors: Kopeček Jaromír , Novák Michal , Vojtěch Dalibor , Lejček Pavel 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The study of unidirectional crystallisation of a Ti-19Al-11Si (at.%) alloy by the floating zone method with optical heating is described. While the homogeneous eutectic composites with rod-shaped Ti5Si3 precipitates grow at a rate of 5 mm · h– 1, an inhomogeneous structure of the composite with primarily crystallised Ti5Si3 silicides was obtained at the rate of 18.8 mm · h– 1. The cracking of the reinforcing Ti5Si3 silicides is followed by cracking of the Ti3Al matrix phase due to a large difference between the coefficients of thermal expansion of both phases.
Low-cycle fatigue properties of TiAl alloy with high Nb content
Authors: Kruml Tomáš , Obrtlík Karel , Petrenec Martin , Polák Jaroslav 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The low-cycle fatigue properties of TiAl alloy with 8 at.% of Nb with nearly fully lamellar microstructure were studied at room temperature and 750 °C and compared with those reported in literature for a previous class of TiAl alloys with 2 at.% of Nb. Hardening/softening curves, cyclic stress – strain curves (CSSC) and fatigue life curves were obtained at both temperatures. The material shows stable cyclic stress – strain response. Parameters of the CSSC, of the Manson – Coffin law and of the Basquin law were determined. Bilinear dependence is used to approximate the Manson – Coffin plot and the Basquin plot at 750 °C.
Structural and phase transformations in Zr and Zr–Nb alloys under loading by spherical converging stress waves
Authors: Taluts Nina , Dobromyslov Arkadiy , Kozlov Evgeniy 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
X-ray diffraction, optical and transmission electron microscopy, and measurement of microhardness were used to study zirconium and Zr – Nb alloys loaded by spherical converging stress waves of different intensity. It is revealed that the phase and structural states of the specimens depend on the loading intensity, the niobium content and the depth of the layer in the sphere. The ω-phase (high pressure phase) is retained in a metastable state only after low-intensity loading, and the quantity of the ω-phase increases with increase in niobium content in the alloy. The ω-phase is not retained after high-intensity loading because of high remaining temperatures. It was established that various defects (deformation twins, dislocations, adiabatic shear bands, regions of unstable plastic flow and cracks) are produced during loading.
Energetic formulation of nonlocal crystal plasticity
Authors: Kratochvíl Jan , Kružík Martin , Sedláčček Radan 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We review an energetic solution to a problem of the rate-independent evolution of elasto-plastic materials subjected to external loads in the framework of large deformations and multiplicative plasticity. Our model includes gradients of the plastic strain and of hardening variables.
The influence of dispersoids on the recrystallization of aluminium alloys
Authors: Poková Michaela , Cieslar Miroslav , Slámová Margarita 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The influence of dispersoids on the softening processes in twin-roll cast and cold-rolled Al – Fe – Mn – Si aluminium alloy was studied. Before rolling, the specimens were thermo-mechanically pre-treated in order to create a different second-phase dispersion. The influence of the initial microstructure was studied by means of electrical resistivity, light and electron microscopy. The evolution of softening was monitored by microhardness measurements. The depletion of the Al matrix from solutes connected with formation of a dense dispersion of precipitates results in the enhancement of (sub)grain-boundary mobility. As a consequence, full recrystallization occurs at lower temperatures in pre-annealed specimens with low solute concentrations. The presence of coarser precipitates formed during the pre-treatment results in the formation of a fine-grained microstructure.
Microstructural investigation of the failure mechanisms after creep exposure of Mg–Y–Nd–Zn–Mn alloy
Authors: Janík Vít , Hnilica František , Smola Bohumil , Stulíková Ivana , Očenášek Vladivoj 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Tensile creep tests of squeeze-cast Mg-3Y-2Nd-1Zn-1Mn (wt.%) magnesium alloy were performed at constant load. Measurement of grain-boundary sliding by observation of the offset of marker lines was carried out. The role of mutual orientation of neighbor dendrites and possible influence of active slip systems inside dendrites on the cavity nucleation was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction.
Experimental results show that creep failure in this alloy takes place by continuous nucleation, growth, and coalescence of cavities on dendritic boundaries. A nucleation mechanism involving stress concentrations due to slip inside the grains is not probable. Additionally, although the total extent of deformation due to grain boundary sliding is small, the contribution of sliding to the origin of required stress concentrations necessary for cavity nucleation cannot be excluded.
Changes in structure and properties of carbide-steel cermets resulted from a heat treatment
Authors: Frage Naum R. , Dariel Moshe P. , Kaputkina Liudmila M. , Prokoshkina Vera G. , Kaputkin Dmitry E. , Sverdlova Natalja R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Cermets were produced by a technology including pressing and sintering of titanium carbide TiCx (0.7 < × < 0.98) preforms and molten tool steel infiltration. So-called “graded” cermets were produced using a controlled distribution of TiCx with different x. The resultant redistribution of alloying elements between the steel and TiCx during both the infiltration and following heat treatment was very essential. The changes of both steel and TiCx compositions produce changes in the process of austenitization, carbide dissolution and precipitation, and martensitic transformation. Both the strength of the material and the gradient of properties in graded cermets can be controlled using both kinetic factors of element redistribution and structure changes caused by the heat treatment.
Rapid techniques for determining annual accumulation applied at Summit, Greenland
Authors: Hawley Robert L. , Morris Elizabeth M. , McConnell Joseph R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have determined accumulation histories by identifying annual-layer horizons in records obtained by three independent methods: (1) glaciochemical analysis on a core, (2) density profiling in the borehole from which the core was taken, using the neutron-probe (NP) technique, and (3) borehole optical stratigraphy (BOS), again in the same borehole. We also used three different techniques for determining density to convert annual-layer thickness to accumulation: (1) gravimetric measurements on core samples, (2) measurement of density using NP and (3) a simple empirical model based on regional climatology. The result is nine different accumulation time series, three of which are completely independent. The chemical-analysis- and NP-derived accumulation time series are correlated, and the ∼70 year means are in agreement. The BOS-derived accumulation ∼70 year mean is slightly lower, probably due to a combination of the empirical density model’s underestimate of the density profile and the misidentification of sub-annual events in the shallow part of the borehole as annual horizons.
The transfer of mass-balance profiles to unmeasured glaciers
Authors: Kuhn Michael , Abermann Jakob , Bacher Michael , Olefs Marc 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFor estimation of the mass balance of an unmeasured glacier, its area distribution with altitude, s (h), generally is the only available quantitative information. The appropriate specific balance profile, b (h), needs to be transferred from a measured glacier, where transfer means modification and adaptation to the topographic and climatic situation of the unmeasured glacier, such as altitude, exposure to sun and wind, or temperature. This study proposes the area median elevation, M, as a parameter of prime importance for the transfer. Using as an example ten Alpine glaciers, the similarity of M and equilibrium-line altitude is quantified and the effect of aspect and surrounding topography is qualitatively suggested. The transfer of b (h) between well-measured glaciers yielded differences in the mean specific balance of 150 mm in the mean of a 10 year period, which corresponds to a change in median altitude by 30 m. Transfer of b (h) with a shift according to median glacier elevation to a basin with 27 glaciers and 23 km2 ice cover agreed to within 10% with elevation changes converted from digital elevation models of 1969 and 1997.
Homogenization of long-term mass-balance time series
Authors: Huss Matthias , Bauder Andreas , Funk Martin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe re-analysis of long-term mass-balance time series is important to provide bias-corrected mass-balance data for climate-change impact studies. A method to homogenize time series of comprehensive mass-balance monitoring programmes is presented and applied to the nearly 50 year mass-balance records of Griesgletscher and Silvrettagletscher, Switzerland. Using a distributed mass-balance model in daily resolution we correct the mass-balance data for varying observation dates. Direct point measurements are combined with independent geodetic mass changes, a prerequisite for a thorough homogenization of mass-balance records. Differences between mass balance evaluated in the hydrological year or according to the measurement period and the stratigraphic system are analysed and may be up to ±0.5mw.e. a−1. Cumulative mass balance of both glaciers based on the glaciological method generally agrees well with geodetic mass change on the investigated glaciers. However, for Silvretta-gletscher a significant bias of +0.37mw.e. a−1 has been detected and corrected for since 1994.