bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dragon-Mart: Chinese Contamination
Authors: Sparvoli Andrea 
Published: July 2012

Globalisation means huge quantities of goods and money moving all over the world without borders. Global markets exists because trade does, because multinationals, trading companies, national and international retailers exist. Faced by the quantity of goods flowing and the mass of money moved from one side of the globe to the other every day, countries are not able to modify the state of things in any way. Wal-Mart: 300 billion dollars in sales signifies 10% of US Chinese imports. China is behind it all. Right now, the Chinese have no brands or commercial framework, but what about tomorrow?
Corporate Governance and Global Communication
Authors: Gandini Giuseppina 
Published: July 2012

Communication plays a decisive role to evaluate how corporate responsibilities are taken and to recognise the potential to meet the expectations of the various social interlocutors. Information about the system of corporate governance, in terms of structural and operating characteristics, allows the user to assess its suitability, particularly in the light of the growing corporate complexity and the increasingly risky challenges of globalisation. Legislative intervention and self-regulation, at a national and international level, is oriented primarily to encouraging transparency, in the face of behaviour that is not always sufficiently correct.
Corporate Communication and Global Markets
Authors: Brondoni Silvio M. 
Published: July 2012

The critical role played by intangible assets in corporate competitive development in global markets, has modified the nature of communication costs, and above all the costs of marketing communication. Globalisation has produced deep changes in the function and role of the system of corporate information flows, which is expressed in the adoption of an integrated communication strategy. The gradual integration of global markets tends to eliminate static contexts and to replace them with dynamic and unstable environments, which generate huge changes even in the field of corporate communication, specifically with regard to the goals pursuable, the forms and instruments usable and obviously the audiences that can be reached. Basically, integrated corporate communication: pursues the development of a culture of integrated communication; sustains the adoption by the organisation of behaviour and the practice of integrated communication; preserves the strong autonomy of the different operating units; and finally, it refers the concrete realisation of corporate network programmes to individual operating units.
Global Corporations, Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility
Authors: Morrocchi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2012

Several intentional long-term research projects that reflect the gradual lost of trust in the ethical behaviour of businesses and institutions; the results show moments of particular disenchantment that coincide with specific events, such as Vietnam war, oil crisis, the Enron affair, the Cirio and Alitalia scandals. The great variety of the stakeholders with which a modern company interacts is such as to require an organic, structured vision of the many sensitive issues that must be addressed, resolved and then communicated, first and foremost within the company itself.
CRM and Corporate Communication
Authors: Caricato Luigi 
Published: July 2012

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has triggered a number of chain reactions that are changing the business communication and the core competencies of managers of businesses, agencies and consultancy companies to direct their processes. From the viewpoint of classic marketing – which developed on the basis of American experience in the field of fast moving consumer goods – it is no surprise that Direct Marketing was considered a sort of minor discipline, tactical and not strategic, CRM is not a technology, but a new market-oriented strategy at the service of marketing, sales and communication.
Management Consulting Boutiques and Global Markets
Authors: Negri Clementi Antonella 
Published: July 2012

Boutique consultancy firms operate in global markets in selected areas in which they hold the strongest competencies - able to provide tailor-made rather than off-the-shelf services in any situation. Clients aiming to impose far-reaching change, are typical boutique clients. Irrespective of whether these clients are owners or managers, they possess the entrepreneur's attitude and tools. The concept of customisation is not new per se or distinctive. A consultancy boutique's distinctiveness lies in the manner in which closeness to the client is expressed, starting with a special multidisciplinary approach which is the result of cross-fertilisation between different skills and experiences.
Global Entrepreneurship and Market-Driven Management
Authors: Majocchi Antonio , Zucchella Antonella 
Published: July 2012

Global entrepreneurship defines the orientation of the firms in the direction of growing interdependence and integration. On the contrary international entrepreneurship is just a combination of innovative, proactive, and risk seeking behaviour that crosses national borders and is intended to create value in organizations. In global markets, the strategic leverage of the firms moves from goods to knowledge. Information systems and inter-firm collaboration become fundamental ways to access to knowledge and to exploit its potential. Market-driven organizations possess superior capabilities in anticipating and exploiting trends and market changes as well as competitors’ moves. Firms, in order to be successful, must combine market-driven management with an entrepreneurial attitude.
The Impact of Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction: A Study of Employees at Nigerian Universities
Authors: Adekola Bola 
Published: July 2012

Researchers have hypothesized that there is a significant difference in the degree of Organizational commitment in Public and Private Universities. This was tested in the Public and Private University system to ascertain the veracity of this hypothesis. Data were collected from 150 employees consisting of academic and Administrative and technical staff from both the public Universities and the Private Universities. The results revealed that employees in Public Universities have greater degree of organizational commitment in comparison to Private Universities. Also, job satisfaction increases or decreases based on increase or decrease in organizational commitment. Obtained results were in the line of the hypotheses. In terms of organizational commitment; a significant difference was noticed between Public and Private Universities. Against expectation, employees of Public Universities exhibited higher degree of organizational commitment as compared to those of Private Universities. Most importantly, organizational commitment is being proven as the catalyst for enhancing job satisfaction level of employees. Keywords: Organization’s Goals, Performance, Effectiveness, Leadership Styles, Trust within the Organization, Employment Status, Training, Turnover Intentions.
The Role of the Punjab Education Foundation Pakistan in Teachers’ Training in Private Sector Schools under Public-Private Partnership
Authors: Javed Muhammad , PhD Lin Siew Eng, , PhD Abdul Rashid Mohamed, , Mushtaq Irem , Hashim: PHD Noor Hashimah 
Published: July 2012

An enormous number of problems including scarce financial support, dearth of proficient teachers, outdated curriculum, non-professional approach of stakeholders, lack of facilities, inadequate sources and unorganized programs for Teachers’ Training are impediments in the quality of school education in Pakistan. The teachers in private schools require an organized and well managed system of Teachers’ Training to impart the innovative pedagogical, andragogical, and professional skills and strategies for the improvement of teaching methodologies. The Punjab Education Foundation (PEF) Pakistan has taken initiative for Teachers’ Training for private sector schools under public private partnership scheme. PEF is playing its pivotal role in imparting education and Teachers’ Training Programs through Cluster Based Training (CBT), School Leadership Development Program (SLDP) and Teaching in Clusters by Subject Specialists (TICSS). Drawing upon the basic concepts, procedures and philosophy of Teachers’ Training, this paper describes the role and achievements of Punjab Education Foundation regarding Teachers’ Training in the province Punjab, Pakistan. Through documentary analysis, the parameters and mechanism adopted by PEF regarding Teachers’ Training has been examined. Some measures for promoting the quality of teaching through Teachers’ Training at the private sector schools of the country have also been proposed. Key Words: Teachers’ Training Philosophy, Pedagogical, Professional Skills, Punjab Education Foundation, Role, Achievements, Mechanism, Measures.
Culture of Veil among University Students in Pakistan
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Basar Dr Sham-ul- , Zafar Dr Abdur Rauf , Ahmad Nisar 
Published: July 2012

Culture is a set of norms that a society or a group of people set to live peaceful life and every member of that group has to follow these norms. These norms changes with the passage of the time. The socio-cultural factors that exert their influence within a family structure are belief, values, attitudes, acculturation levels, socialization goals and practices for modeling behaviours, communication styles, language use at home, interpersonal relations and experiences, and problem-solving about learning. So, the culture of the society has a great impact on the life of a person in the development of attributes. With respect to culture, Pakistan is a country of various cultures but every custom is attached to religion because it came into being on Islamic ideology. So, Islamic culture can be found dominating in every aspect of our life in spite of modernization or to imitate Europe is a common practice in Pakistan. Among other norms veil among females is also taken as Islamic culture or can be said religious obligation. In Pakistan there is separate system of education up to graduate level but at higher education and in professional education institution there is co-education system. So, it affects a lot on the female students who belongs from the society where there is compulsion to hide their face (use veil) from male members other than their family members. Consequently it affects their education especially in the campuses where there culture of veil is not present. Key words: Culture, Religious Obligation, Veil, Hijaab, Burqa
A Managerial Guide to Products Liability: A Primer on the Law in the United States—PART II A Focus on Theories of Recovery
Authors: Hunter Jr Richard J. , Amoroso Henry J. , Shannon John H. 
Published: July 2012

Abstract In Part II, the authors build on Part I of this study and here focus on the theories implicit in a product liability claim: negligence, fraud and misrepresentation, and warranty—with a focus on their inherent weaknesses—leading to the creation of the now preferred theory of strict liability in tort. The context of Part II is on the common cases that provided the theoretical basis for the underlying theories, as well as to the development of strict liability. Key words: Theories of liability, negligence, warranty, fraud, strict liability
Role of Islamic Banking in Agriculture Development in Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Taimoor , Sattar M. Atif , Tousif M. Adnan , Nasir Nukhba , Sadiq Mehwish , Yasmeen Malka 
Published: July 2012

Purpose - The basic purpose of this research paper conducted is to report the findings of this experimental study conducted in Bahawalpur region, about the role of Islamic banking in agriculture sector from the users and non-users (users of conventional banking) of Islamic banking. Design/methodology/approach - This descriptive and qualitative research is conducted and focuses on two main groups of banking customer’s users and non users of Islamic banking and also informal interview with managers of some banks. A survey questionnaire was developed that subsequently get response from 120 respondents. Hypothesis analysis is the main tool of analysis in which mean, standard deviation; variance and chi-square tests are applied using SPSS 16.0. Findings - After the through study of body of knowledge we find that there is significant relationship between Islamic banking and agriculture sector. Islamic banking is providing easy terms of financing like Ijarah, Diminishing musharaka, Murabaha, salam and bai salam and similarly providing different types of working capital like Murabaha, Musawamah, Salam, Muzara’a. These terms of financing increase the asset ownership, yield and income of farmers. Islamic banking is not providing any financing for irrigation system and farmers are facing problem of credit standing and problem of collateral. Practical Limitations/Implication – Most of the concerned articles are taken from the Pakistan, Malaysia, etc. there was limited time for conducting research and receiving response from respondents. The sample size is of small size subsequently of 120 respondents and applicable to Bahawalpur region. As this result is implemented to Bahawalpur region only so therefore pilot study to whole Pakistan is suggested. Originality/Value -The aim of this paper is to provide and make attention toward of role of Islamic banking the Bahawalpur region of southern Punjab, Pakistan as the previous studies were country wide. This paper will help to conduct same type of researches in other regions of Pakistan. Keywords - Role of Islamic banking, Agriculture sectors.
Women Role and Status in Pukhtoon Society (A Case Study of Village Sufaid Dheri, Peshawar)
Authors: Alam Anwar 
Published: July 2012

This study was undertaken on the topic, “Women role and status in Pukjtoon Society; A case study of village Sufaid Deri, Peshawar). For this study the researcher selected 70 respondents on purposive sampling basis from the fixed age group of 25-45 years of age.Interview schedule was used as the tool of data collection due to illiterate respondents. The study indicates that the women role and status is determined in puktoon society by the male. Her general role is only home management; Cleaning, Washing, Cooking, Budget Making, Agriculture Activities (Livestock & Poultry etc), Sewing and Embroidery making, Socialization of Children, Participation in Ceremonial activities and female oriented Job/ Service. Her contribution in decision making includes; Socialization & Education, Home Management, Health Care, Family Planning, Budget Making, Time table of Work and Game / Play, Salary / Income Keeping and Spending, Participation in Ceremonial Activities, Sharing / Suggestion in Every matter. Her economic role includes; Job / Service, Selling daily used commodities, Live Stock / Milk Products, Poultry Products and Netting, Sewing and Embroidery making and selling. Her social role consists upon; Participation in Marriage ceremonies, Participation in Death Ceremonies, Participation in traditional and all types of ceremonies. Problems faced by women in their productive role-play; Women are less advantaged, lack of mobility, Limited education, no access to resources, invisible partners of development, low health, low levels of nutrition, high rates of mortality, male dominancy and patriarchy. To improve the role and status of puktoon women it was recommended that women education should be improved and they should be given equal participation in developmental activities of the society. Key Words: Home management; Cleaning, Washing, Cooking, Budget Making, Agriculture Activities (Livestock & Poultry etc), Sewing and Embroidery making, Socialization of Children, Participation in Ceremonial activities and female oriented Job/ Service.
Position sociale, point de vue et connaissance sociologique : rapports sociaux de sexe et connaissance de ces rapports
Authors: Gaussot Ludovic 
Published: July 2012

Cet article porte sur la genèse des problématiques de sexe dans les sciences sociales et propose une contribution à l’élucidation des rapports entre connaissance, point de vue et position de l’observateur. Le problème est envisagé dans sa généralité, mais il s’agit aussi de le poser dans le champ d’études des rapports de sexe : comment la position au sein du système hiérarchique du sexe/genre peut-elle avoir une incidence sur l’interprétation de ce système ? Le problème est envisagé sous différents angles : historique, épistémologique, théorique. Un exemple est sollicité : la controverse autour de l’explication de la reproduction de la domination et du « consentement à la domination », opposant la théorie de Godelier à la critique de Mathieu. La conclusion milite pour une plus grande prise au sérieux de la question de la position de l’observateur, dans un contexte de querelle rationalisme/relativisme apaisée.
La synonymie en intelligence artificielle
Authors: Alves Ieda Maria 
Published: July 2012

Dans cet article, nous exposons quelques problèmes concernant l'usage de synonymes en langue de spécialité. Les exemples présentés sont extraits d'un corpus portugais-brésilien de termes de l'intelligence artificielle. Quelques théories terminologiques n'acceptent pas l'occurrence de « termes synonymes », à cause de l'association univoque établie entre une notion et son terme correspondant ; d'autres théories, au contraire, reconnaissent que, d'après les contextes, une notion peut revêtir des formes synonymiques. Dans le corpus de l'intelligence artificielle que nous sommes en train d'analyser, environ 15 % des termes dépouillés sont susceptibles d'avoir des synonymes ou des quasi-synonymes. Ce rapport synonymique peut être géré par différentes formes d'alternance : formation syntagmatique / terme formellement simple ; terme emprunté / terme indigène ; terme simple / synonyme contextuel ; formation syntagmatique / siglaison. Ces différentes possibilités d'association entre notions et termes démontrent que la synonymie en langue de spécialité existe et mérite d'être étudiée de plus près.
Éditologie : une sociolinguistique de la science
Authors: Baudet Jean Claude 
Published: July 2012

Une nouvelle approche du problème épistémologique est proposée, basée sur une définition de la science considéré comme « un ensemble de textes édités ». Les textes étant des ensembles de termes, l'épistémologie se divise en deux parties : l'étude des termes (terminologie) et l'étude de l'édition (éditologie). En insistant sur les conditions sociales du processus d'édition, l'editologie est en fait une analyse sociolinguistique de la science.
Terminologie et dictionnaires
Authors: Cabré M. Teresa 
Published: July 2012

Les problèmes associés à l'inclusion de la terminologie dans un dictionnaire normatif sont illustrés par les travaux menés actuellement à l'Institut d'Estudis Catalans. La spécificité d'un dictionnaire normatif pose à la terminologie le problème de sa propre « normati-vité », qui est examiné sous l'angle linguistique et sous l'angle organisationnel, en tenant compte en particulier des domaines spécialisés, des termes spécialisés par domaines, de la problématique de la définition et de la présentation des domaines.
Hacia un programa curricular comun de traducción para America Latina
Authors: Cabrera Ileana , Hörmann Patricia 
Published: July 2012

Hoy más que nunca resulta especialmente urgente comprender a cabalidad el papel fundamental que la actividad traductora desempeña en el desarrollo y en el destino de una nación, o de toda una civilización. Hay dos propósitos que, para los efectos del presente trabajo, es menester recalcar : el primero de ellos dice relación con la traducción y el proceso de toma de decisiones y el segundo, con la traducción y la importancia del español como lengua de influencia.
Para neutralizar los efectos adversos producidos por las barreras lingüísticas, creemos necesario destacar aquellas estrategias que resulten más útiles para acceder a la información técnica, científica y cultural de nuestra era y que consisten en la formación de traductores a nivel universitario versus la enseñanza masiva de lenguas extranjeras.
En vista de la similitud de situaciones y condiciones en el mercado de la traducción en América Latina, postulamos la necesidad de Programas de Traducción en la enseñanza superior, con elementos comunes que permitan la formación de traductores capaces de satisfacer las exigencias del mercado ocupacional. Ahora más que nunca, necesitamos formar traductores que posean una metodología disciplinada y un conocimiento profundo de las materias que deban traducir en el ejercicio de su labor profesional, con el fin de garantizar una calidad uniformemente alta para los productos de su trabajo. Los estándares de rigor y análisis, la perspectiva interdisciplinaria, la vocación de compromiso permanente con la investigación y, sobre todo, el hábito de trabajo solidario y de crítica intersubjetiva son características de un modo de ser netamente universitario.
Les bases épistémologiques et linguistiques de la nomenclature chimique de 1787
Authors: Cottez Henri 
Published: July 2012

Cette étude vise à mettre en évidence les bases épistémologiques et linguistiques de la nomenclature chimique de 1787, en partant des Mémoires présentés à l'Académie des Sciences par Lavoisier, Morveau, Fourcroy et Berthollet et du Traité de Chimie de Lavoisier (1789). Ces textes sont l'aboutissement d'une réflexion collective et pluridisciplinaire, dans la ligne de la philosophie de Condillac, qui fait d'une « langue bien faite » la condition d'une science véritable. Il ne s'agit donc pas d'une simple nomenclature nouvelle, mais d'une « méthode de nommer ». Un principe général est que les noms doivent être motivés, laissant transparaître la nature et la composition des corps chimiques (parallélisme entre le plan de l'expression et le plan du contenu). La suffixation, en rassemblant sous tel ou tel suffixe les « corps congénères » permettra d'identifier et de classer les substances découvertes et à découvrir. Accessoirement, on aura recours aux structures lexicales, particulièrement riches et maniables, de l'ancien grec. Enfin, pour maintenir le parallélisme dans les cas difficiles (combinaisons multiples d'éléments), les réformateurs vont réduire des unités lexicales à un court morphème chargé de les représenter, comme pyro pour empyreumatique et hydr(o)- pour hydrogène . C'est ce que l'auteur a appelé la « fonction de représentation », qui est aujourd'hui à l'œuvre dans tout le vocabulaire savant.