bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kompostite auf Basis von Zeolithen oder geordnet mesoporösen Oxiden für Anwendungen in der Photonik und Sensorik
Authors: Wark M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMikroporöse Zeolithe oder Aluminiumphosphate und mesoporöse Oxide, in deren Poren Farbstoffmoleküle oder Halbleiter‐Nanopartikel stabilisiert sind, lassen sich auf unterschiedlichste Weise herstellen. Die optischen Eigenschaften dieser Systeme sind gezielt beeinflussbar, wodurch eine weitgehende Anpassung auf die jeweils durch die geplante Anwendung vorgegebenen Bedingungen möglich ist. Zu beachten sind dabei neben Wirt/Gast‐Wechselwirkungen auch Gast/Gast‐Wechselwirkungen, wobei die Wechselwirkungen einer Sorte an Gastspezies untereinander meist unerwünscht sind, weil sie zu Aggregation führen. Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen verschiedenen, gezielt eingebrachten Gastspezies hingegen bergen ein hohes, noch weitgehend unerforschtes Potenzial. Während das Anwendungspotenzial von Metallcluster/Zeolith‐Kompositen in der heterogenen Katalyse schon sehr stark ausgeschöpft ist, ergeben sich, für Wirt/Gast‐Systeme, die optische aktive Substanzen als Gäste enthalten, noch eine Reihe von Möglichkeiten in den Bereichen Photonik, Sensorik, Photokatalyse, Optoelektronik und Photoelektrochemie. Die drei letztgenannten Bereiche könnten sehr stark von der derzeitigen Entwicklung von elektrisch leitfähigen Halbleiterstrukturen mit geordneter Porenstruktur profitieren.
Biocatalytic kinetic resolution of rac‐1‐phenylethanol and rac‐2‐pentanol in hexane medium: ACYL donor and water content effects
Authors: de los Ríos A. P. , Hernández‐Fernández F. J. , Tomás‐Alonso F. , Gómez D. , Víllora G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe kinetic resolutions of rac‐1‐phenylethanol and rac‐2‐pentanol by transesterification with vinyl esters catalysed by a commercial immobilised Candida antarctica lipase B were successfully carried out in hexane medium. This enzyme showed very high enantioselectivity for both substrates. The influence of the water content of the medium on the synthetic activity, selectivity and enantioselectivity of the enzyme was analysed, with the optimal amount of water about 100 ppm. Our results also showed that the activity per gram enzymatic derivate of CaLB was slightly higher with butyl butyrate as acyl donor.
Simulating the impact of kraft pulping and bleaching parameters on Eucalyptus camaldulensis pulp properties using MATLAB
Authors: Fatehi Pedram , Arabshahi Shahab , Ziaee Zainab , Malinen Raimo O. , Ni Yonghao 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this work, Eucalyptus camaldulensis was evaluated as the raw material for chemical pulp under different pulping and bleaching conditions. The pulping was carried out at different H‐factors, and at different effective alkalis. The resulting pulps were then oxygen delignified and bleached using various dosages of bleaching chemicals in a D0EpD1 sequence. The effect of independent variables (pulping or bleaching variables) on dependent variables (pulp properties) was analysed based on the multivariable least square method via MATLAB software. An agreement was found between the results predicted from the models and the experimental data. To obtain a kappa number of 15, the optimum pulping conditions were a temperature of 155°C, a time of 225 min, and an EA of 23%. Also, the hexenuronic acid (HexA) content of cooked pulp was significantly decreased in the chlorine dioxide bleaching stages, and was only marginally related to the final HexA content of bleached pulps.
Heat transfer metrology issues in two‐phase bubble column reactors
Authors: Béliard Pierre‐Emmanuel , Schweich Daniel , Clément Patrice , Gauthier‐Maradei Paola , Dromard Nicolas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe metrology and the impact of various parameters and operating conditions on the bulk‐to‐tube heat transfer coefficients in two‐phase bubble columns are investigated on a small‐scale mock‐up. It is shown that (1) quasi‐adiabatic conditions can be reached in the column; (2) the bulk‐to‐tube heat transfer coefficients for each U‐tube downward and upward sections may or may not differ significantly, depending on the way uncertainty of the measurements is estimated; (3) using the different measurements and uncertainty estimates for given conditions, a mean heat transfer coefficient over all tubes is estimated within ±5%. The consequences for bulk‐to‐tube heat transfer coefficient prediction in a larger column are discussed.
Liquid load point determination in a reactive distillation packing by X‐ray tomography
Authors: Aferka S. , Viva A. , Brunazzi E. , Marchot P. , Crine M. , Toye D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we report on the use of X‐ray tomography to determine the liquid load point in 0.1 m diameter modular catalytic distillation packings Katapak‐SP11 and Katapak‐SP12. The liquid load point corresponds to the overall packed bed liquid load above which there is an increment in the liquid flowing outside the catalytic baskets and the catalytic baskets themselves are saturated with liquid. From tomographic images, we show that several factors affect the wetting and filling of catalytic baskets. The complex hybrid structure of catalytic packings influences the liquid distribution inside the elements. The liquid preferentially fills the external catalytic baskets because they receive the liquid not only from the packing element situated above but also from the wall wipers. Moreover, liquid hold‐up inside a catalytic basket section depends significantly on the vertical position in the packing element and on the position of the packing in the column packed bed. The counter–current gas flow speeds up the process of liquid filling of the baskets, also for low liquid loads. The non‐uniform distribution of liquid in catalytic basket which is observed experimentally makes the identification of a unique liquid load point not straightforward.
Kinetic study of hydrogen transfer from benzyl alcohol to aliphatic aldehydes catalysed by heterogenised ruthenium(II) catalysts
Authors: Liu Z. S. , Rempel G. L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAliphatic aldehydes were reduced to corresponding alcohols by transfer hydrogenation in the presence of Ru(II) complexes bound to swellable polymer matrices. Benzyl alcohol was used as hydrogen donor because of its strong hydrogen donor ability. The kinetics of the reaction has been measured between 100 and 140°C. The results showed that reaction rate depended on the structure of aldehydes and concentrations of aldehyde. Also reaction rate depended on the concentration of hydrogen donor, and on the amount of catalyst. The reaction proceeded efficiently in halogenated hydrocarbon solvents. The metal leaching was different for different catalytic runs and it was most pronounced in the first catalytic run. The observed activation energy, Ea = 18 ± 1 kcal/mol was obtained, suggested that process in predominantly chemically controlled reaction. A general reaction mechanism and rate equation have been proposed.
Chemical reactors of special geometry for the precipitation of mineral particles
Authors: Rousseaux Jean‐Marc , Muhr Hervé , Plasari Edouard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPrecipitation of pseudo‐boehmite particles is experimentally investigated. The experiments have been carried out in three chemical reactors specially designed to achieve an effective control of the properties of mineral particles produced by precipitation. The chemical reactors are the Sliding‐Surface Mixing Device, the Special Rushton Turbine Reactor and the Vortex Effect Reactor. The mixing efficiency of these new mixing devices is experimentally evaluated and the influence of reactor geometries, operating parameters and initial supersaturation on pseudo‐boehmite particle properties is studied. The particle properties evaluated are particle size distribution, crystallite size, BET surface area, porous volume, mean pore radius and particle shape. A comparison of the particle properties obtained with the three reactors is made.
Modelling high concentration settling slurry flows
Authors: Gillies Randall G. , Shook Clifton A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe well‐known two‐layer model for predicting friction losses for pipeline flows of settling slurries has been extended to solids concentrations above 35% by volume. This has been achieved by incorporating new experimental results to account for increases in friction which have been observed with “settling” slurries at high concentrations. The kinetic (fluid‐like) friction appears to increase with solids concentration in a manner which suggests that particle‐wall contact plays an important role. The experiments also suggest that the fraction of the total solids which contributes Coulombic (velocity insensitive) friction also increases to some extent at high concentrations. This effect is expressed in a tentative correlation which employs a slurry Reynolds number. In addition, new experimental measurements of delivered and in‐situ concentrations have been used to test predictions made with the previous version of the model. The measurements show that the interracial friction factor proposed recently by Wilson and coworkers is preferable for slurries of coarse particles.
Radial voidage variation in CFB risers
Authors: Issangya Allan S. , Grace John R. , Bai Dingrong , Zhu Jingxu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA new correlation for estimating local voidage in CFB risers is provided based on data obtained in a riser of diameter 76 mm and height 6 m using FCC particles at superficial gas velocities between 4 and 8 m/s and solids circulation fluxes up to 425 kg/m2s. This equation also works well for a wide range of operating conditions and risers of larger size and for other particles. The correlation appears to have broader applicability than previous ones. It is especially useful for estimating the local voidage in the dense zone of CFB risers and CFB risers operating under the dense suspension upflow regime where few experimental data are currently available.
An investigation of complex hybrid suspension flows by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Graham Lachlan J.W. , Pullum Lionel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn increasing number of industrially relevant suspensions, e.g., stabilized flows, backfill and codisposal systems, differ from conventional transport systems. Analysis of these suspensions is difficult due to their non‐Newtonian behavior and increased particle/particle interaction. This paper presents data obtained in a 100 mm diameter pipe test loop using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The flows considered are “stable” suspensions of coarse particles in visco‐plastic carrier fluids that are capable of statically suspending the solids. Particle concentration and fluid velocity maps are presented for a number of flow conditions which show that laminar flow of these suspensions is stratified rather than homogenous.
Hydrodynamics of gas fluidized beds with mixture of group D and B particles
Authors: Ajbar Abdelhamid , Alhumaizi Khalid , Ibrahim Ahmed , Asif Mohammad 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe dynamics of a gas‐solid fluidized bed containing Geldart Group D particles mixed with a small proportion of Geldart Group B particles are investigated using pressure fluctuations data. Time series analysis, using a variety of nonlinear dynamics tools, shows that the slugging present with Group D particles can be suppressed by the addition of a small proportion of Group B particles. The power spectra and the auto‐correlation function are used for a preliminary evaluation of dominant slug frequencies. It is shown that the bed fluidized with the mixture of Group D and B particles behaves in a less periodic manner and is dominated by more random bubble motion. On the other hand, the correlation integral is used to analyze the chaotic behaviour of the flow, through evaluation of the fractal structure of the reconstructed attractors. It is shown that the bed fluidized with Group D particles is characterized by a combination of steady slug motion and irregular particles motion. The behaviour of the fluidized bed of Group D/B particles mixture is characterized by a single correlation dimension for a wide range of fluidization velocities.
Experimental research on drag reduction by polymer additives in a turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Xueming Shao , Jianzhong Lin , Tao Wu , Yulin Li 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of injection position on drag reduction as well as further the effects of polymer additives on turbulent structures, LDA measurements of turbulent pipe flows were conducted. The results show that the amount of drag reduction grows with the increase of the Reynolds number, and injecting the polymer at the centre of pipe is more effective than at the wall. Due to the addition of polymer solution, the axial, radial r.m.s. velocity fluctuations and Reynolds stress decrease over the entire pipe cross‐section, the time auto‐correlation coefficients of axial and radial velocity fluctuation at the centre of pipe decay more slowly, the number of spectrum peaks is decreased, and the peak shifts towards lower wave numbers. The results also reveal that, due to the addition of polymer solution, the large‐scale vortices are enhanced and small‐scale vortices are suppressed.
Étude de l'évaporation par convection forcée au‐dessus de corps tournants à symétrie de révolution dans un fluide au repos
Authors: Zeghmati Belkacem , Nardin Philippe , Rondot Daniel , Le Palec Georges 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCe travail est consacre à une approche théorique et expérimentale du problème de l'évaporation au‐dessus d'un corps à symétrie de révolution soumis à un flux de densité constante. Les équations régissant les transferts de masse et de chaleur sont développées dans le cadre de l'approximation de la couche limite laminaire et dans l'hypothèse d'un flux d'évaporation pariétal obéissant aux conditions de la première phase de séchage. Nous présentons les résultats numériques obtenus dans le cas du disque tournant et de la sphère tournante. La validation expérimentale est basée sur la pyrométrie et la thermographic infrarouge. Des comparisons avec les résultats théoriques sont faites dans le cas du disque tournant.
Sequenced aeration in a membrane bioreactor: Specific nitrogen removal rates
Authors: Pellegrin Marie‐Laure , Tazi‐Pain Annie , Buisson Hervé , Wisniewski Christelle , Grasmick Alain 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe aim of this work was to quantify the activity of autotrophic and heterotrophic populations present in a submerged membrane bioreactor submitted to a sequenced aeration, ensuring alternate nitrification and denitrification (BIOSEP® process). Specific nitrification and denitrification rates were determined over a fifteen‐month running period, with and without physico‐chemical phosphorus removal. The results show (i) zero‐order kinetics; (ii) a specific activity independent of MLVSS concentration; and (iii) an evolution of the nitrification kinetics directly linked to an evolution of the nitrifying population within the unit. The study confirmed that denitrification kinetics depend on the concentration and on the nature of wastewater organic matter.
Measurement of intrinsic rates for homogeneous gas‐phase reactions at high temperatures
Authors: Kallos Michael S. , Chin Hilton , Mehrotra Anil K. , Behie Leo A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA coiled quartz tubular reactor has been designed to measure the intrinsic reaction kinetics for homogeneous reactions at high temperatures up to 1100°C. Actual gas residence times were less than 100 ms. A simple and well‐studied test reaction (i.e., the decomposition of nitrous oxide, N2O), with published intrinsic kinetics, was used to verify the operation of the experimental reactor. For this system, Peclet numbers (Pe = uL/DL) computed from experimental conversion data were greater than 1000, indicating that the plug flow assumption could be used with this reactor system to determine intrinsic rate expressions with errors of less than 5% for the conditions studied.
Determination of nucleation kinetics of lovastatin in acetone solution
Authors: Sun Hua , Wang Jingkang , Gong Junbo 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe metastable zone widths of lovastatin in acetone solution were determined at different temperatures, cooling rates and initial concentrations by polythermal method. It decreases with the increase of temperature and initial concentration, increases with the increase of cooling rate. The induction periods of lovastatin in acetone solution were also investigated as a function of supersaturation ratios. The crystal‐liquid interfacial tension, thus the fundermental nucleation parameters including Gibbs free energy change for the formation of critical nucleus, radius of critical nucleus and number of molecules in the critical nucleus have been gotten based on the classical homogeneous nucleation theory. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Schottky diode characteristics: Aluminium with 500 and 1000 Å thicknesses on p type WSe2 crystal
Authors: Mathai A. J. , Patel K. D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe conduction properties of Al‐p WSe2 Schottky barrier diodes prepared identically but with different metal thickness are reported here. The p type WSe2 semiconducting crystals used in the present study was grown by direct vapour transport technique. The current‐voltage characteristics of these diodes were analyzed from 140 K to 300 K on the basis of thermionic emission theory applying Gaussian distribution. Below 200 K, deviations were observed in barrier height, ideality factor and Richardson plot. Hence at lower temperatures, a model has been considered where the total current is assumed to be the sum of thermionic emission, generation recombination and tunneling components. The observed deviations in the diode parameters were successfully interpreted in terms of the contribution of these multiple charge transport mechanisms across the interface of the fabricated diodes. The diode with a thickness of 500 Å Al showed more homogeneous nature than with 1000 Å. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic Tops in Dusty Plasmas
Authors: Karasev V. Yu. , Dzlieva E. S. , Ermolenko M. A. , Ivanov A. Yu. , Golubev M. S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPaper contains the results of investigation of separate dust granules mechanical state. Observations were performed in high optical resolution. Magnetic induction varied up to 400 G. Motion of particles of different shapes was studied separately. These shapes were: ideally spherical, spherical with defects and non‐spherical. The peculiar physical features of fast rotating dusty granules (tops) were observed. They are the emergence of magnetic moment of rotating charged granule and the orientation change of magnetic moment at magnetic field superimposition. The effects observed in magnetic field are supplied with qualitative interpretation (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DiffServ‐based bandwidth‐constrained anycast routing in a mobile IPv6 network
Authors: Hsu Wu‐Hsiao , Shieh Yuh‐Pyng , Yeh Sheng‐Cheng 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper proposes a differentiated service (DiffServ)‐based bandwidth‐constrained network layer anycast routing for a mobile IPv6 network. The proposed algorithm comprises three steps: (1) When moving into a new foreign network, the mobile node (MN) chooses a feasible path to easily locate the nearest server that can serve it. To perform path selection, a multi‐level list structure (MLLS) is defined and used to store the available bandwidth and hop count of a path. (2) An ingress extended edge router (E‐ER) uses the multi‐level list algorithm (MLLA) to examine the MLLS for selecting the feasible path with the smallest number of hops that satisfies the MN bandwidth request. (3) The E‐ER uses a condition of path change (CPC) variable to determine whether it should optimize the route between itself and the server. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm offers better performance than the existing related approaches in terms of the average running time, request blocking rate, and reducing the control overhead of the simulated network. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of ThinPrep UroCyte and cytospin slide preparations for gastrointestinal specimens: Evaluation and retrospective performance review
Authors: Smith G. Denice , Chadwick Barbara E. , Adler Douglas G. , Bentz Joel S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) tract cytology has high specificity but poor sensitivity for detecting GI tract cancer. Newer methods of slide preparation may improve cytology performance and additionally permit molecular slide‐based assays that could improve diagnostic accuracy. A split‐sample validation study compared slides prepared using ThinPrep UroCyte filters or a cytocentrifuge method with respect to cellularity, stain quality, and interpretation. In this 15‐slide split‐sample study, UroCyte slide preparations were judged to be superior to cytocentrifuge preparations, and the method was implemented for GI cytology in December 2006. To assess diagnostic performance for GI cytology, we retrospectively reviewed outcomes for one year before and after implementation of UroCyte filter slide preparation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for both slide preparations were largely equivalent to one another and compared favorably with values in the literature, but varied greatly depending on how atypical and suspicious‐atypical cases were defined for calculations. For biopsied biliary samples, the highest sensitivities were observed when all atypical and suspicious‐atypical cases were considered positive for malignancy, but were lower when suspicious‐atypical cases were considered positive and atypical cases were considered negative for malignancy. This highlights the difficulty with comparing studies that define atypical classes differently, and points to the need for a well‐defined approach to performance evaluation that relates directly to how diagnostic information is used clinically. We conclude that the UroCyte filter slide preparation is valid for evaluation of GI cytology specimens and may simplify adjunct molecular testing such as FISH. This is the first reported use of UroCyte filters for preparation of GI specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010;38:902–912. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coexistence of gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma in a dysgenetic gonad on touch preparation: A case report
Authors: Maleki Zahra , Loveless Meredith , Fraig Mostafa 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSwyer syndrome is known as pure gonadal dysgenesis. Individuals with Swyer syndrome are phenotypically female with unambiguously female genital appearance at birth, and normal Mullerian structures. The condition usually first becomes apparent in adolescence with delayed puberty and amenorrhea due to the fact that the gonads have no hormonal or reproductive potential. These individuals are characterized by 46XY karyotype, primary amenorrhea, tall stature, female external genitalia and normal but hypoestrogenised vagina and cervix. A high incidence of gonadoblastoma and germ cell malignancies has been reported in dysgenetic gonads, and therefore, the current practice is to proceed to a gonadectomy once the diagnosis is made. Herein, we report a case of gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma diagnosed on touch preparation in a dysgenetic gonad of a 16‐year‐old patient with Swyer syndrome. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:42–44. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.