bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biphenyl and ethylbenzene dioxygenases of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 transform PBDEs
Authors: Robrock Kristin R. , Mohn William W. , Eltis Lindsay D. , Alvarez‐Cohen Lisa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of flame retardants that have been widely used in consumer products, but that are problematic because of their environmental persistence and endocrine‐disrupting properties. To date, very little is known about PBDE degradation by aerobic microorganisms and the enzymes involved in PBDE transformation. Resting cells of the polychlorinated biphenyl‐degrading actinomycete, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, depleted nine mono‐ through penta‐BDEs in separate assays. Extensive depletion of PBDEs occurred with cells grown on biphenyl, ethylbenzene, propane, or styrene, whereas very limited depletion occurred with cells grown on pyruvate or benzoate. In RHA1, expression of bphAa encoding biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO) and etbAa1 and etbAc encoding ethylbenzene dioxygenase (EBDO) was induced 30‐ to 3,000‐fold during growth on the substrates that supported PBDE depletion. The BPDO and EBDO enzymes had gene expression profiles that matched the PBDE‐depletion profiles exhibited by RHA1 grown on different substrates. Using the non‐PBDE‐degrading bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis as a host, two recombinant strains were developed by inserting the eth and bph genes of RHA1, respectively. The resultant EBDO extensively depleted mono‐ through penta‐BDEs, while the BPDO depleted only mono‐, di‐, and one tetra‐BDE. A dihydroxylated‐BDE was detected as the primary metabolite of 4‐bromodiphenyl ether in both recombinant strains. These results indicate that although both dioxygenases are capable of transforming PBDEs, EBDO more potently transforms the highly brominated congeners. The availability of substrates or inducing compounds can markedly affect total PBDE removal as well as patterns of removal of individual congeners. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 313–321. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteoconductivity and growth factor production by MG63 osteoblastic cells on bioglass‐coated orthopedic implants
Authors: Tan Fei , Naciri Mariam , Al‐Rubeai Mohamed 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe have produced Bioglass coatings for Orthopedic implants by using a novel coating technique, CoBlast. The two resultant surfaces, designated BG and hydroxyapatite (HA)/BG, were compared with their HA counterpart, OsteoZip in terms of osteoblastic cell attachment, adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and growth factor production. BG and HA/BG were demonstrated by goniometry to be more hydrophilic than OsteoZip. This corresponded to enhanced protein adsorption, cell attachment, and cell adhesion documented by both quantitative and qualitative assessments. BG and HA/BG surfaces had a significant initial release of Si and Ca ions, and this was consistent with elevated cell proliferation and basic fibroblast growth factor levels. However, OsteoZip, being similar to HA/BG, exhibited better osteogenic differentiation than BG did, shown by augmented differentiation marker activity at both protein and mRNA levels. Sandwich ELISA was used to quantify angiopoietin and inducible nitric oxide synthase which are involved in peri‐prosthetic angiogenesis and aseptic loosening of total hip replacement, respectively. Both Bioglass‐derived coatings provide superior initial osteoconductivity to OsteoZip, and HA/Bioglass composite coating outruns in long‐term osteogenic differentiation and prognostic bioprocesses. The novel coatings discovered in this study have significant potential in providing both orthopedic and therapeutic functions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 454–464. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple mechanisms of uranium immobilization by Cellulomonas sp. strain ES6
Authors: Sivaswamy Vaideeswaran , Boyanov Maxim I. , Peyton Brent M. , Viamajala Sridhar , Gerlach Robin , Apel William A. , Sani Rajesh K. , Dohnalkova Alice , Kemner Kenneth M. , Borch Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRemoval of hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) from aqueous solution was studied using a Gram‐positive facultative anaerobe, Cellulomonas sp. strain ES6, under anaerobic, non‐growth conditions in bicarbonate and PIPES buffers. Inorganic phosphate was released by cells during the experiments providing ligands for formation of insoluble U(VI) phosphates. Phosphate release was most probably the result of anaerobic hydrolysis of intracellular polyphosphates accumulated by ES6 during aerobic growth. Microbial reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) was also observed. However, the relative magnitudes of U(VI) removal by abiotic (phosphate‐based) precipitation and microbial reduction depended on the buffer chemistry. In bicarbonate buffer, X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy showed that U in the solid phase was present primarily as a non‐uraninite U(IV) phase, whereas in PIPES buffer, U precipitates consisted primarily of U(VI)‐phosphate. In both bicarbonate and PIPES buffer, net release of cellular phosphate was measured to be lower than that observed in U‐free controls suggesting simultaneous precipitation of U and PO. In PIPES, U(VI) phosphates formed a significant portion of U precipitates and mass balance estimates of U and P along with XAFS data corroborate this hypothesis. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) of samples from PIPES treatments indeed showed both extracellular and intracellular accumulation of U solids with nanometer sized lath structures that contained U and P. In bicarbonate, however, more phosphate was removed than required to stoichiometrically balance the U(VI)/U(IV) fraction determined by XAFS, suggesting that U(IV) precipitated together with phosphate in this system. When anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate (AQDS), a known electron shuttle, was added to the experimental reactors, the dominant removal mechanism in both buffers was reduction to a non‐uraninite U(IV) phase. Uranium immobilization by abiotic precipitation or microbial reduction has been extensively reported; however, the present work suggests that strain ES6 can remove U(VI) from solution simultaneously through precipitation with phosphate ligands and microbial reduction, depending on the environmental conditions. Cellulomonadaceae are environmentally relevant subsurface bacteria and here, for the first time, the presence of multiple U immobilization mechanisms within one organism is reported using Cellulomonas sp. strain ES6. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 264–276. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermodynamic parameters for salt‐induced reversible protein precipitation from automated microscale experiments
Authors: Ahmad Shahina S. , Dalby Paul A. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractReversible precipitation can be used as an efficient purification tool for proteins. In addition, identifying conditions under which precipitation or aggregation occurs is of key importance in the bioprocessing and pharmaceutical industry, as this can aid in better formulations and hinder aggregation in chromatography. We have evaluated the precipitation of proteins as determined by light scattering in microplates as a tool for the high‐throughput determination of thermodynamic parameters for protein precipitation, with the potential for screening of formulation additives and relevant bioprocess conditions such as pH. This provides a useful complementary technique to existing microplate‐based protein thermostability measurements. Using hen egg‐white lysozyme and alcohol dehydrogenase as model proteins we have determined the extent of reversible precipitation as a function of ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride concentrations, and also demonstrated global fitting of the data to generate a model where the fraction precipitated can be predicted for any given condition. The global fit provided thermodynamic parameters, including the free energy for protein precipitation, and also allowed an approximate determination of the average size of the structural nucleus that contributes to the free energy of precipitation for each protein. The rapid collection of thermodynamic parameters for protein precipitation, in parallel with protein thermostability measurements, will provide a powerful platform for protein formulation, and also lead to datasets useful for testing theoretical predictions of reversible precipitation based on the molecular modeling of specific protein structure interactions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 322–332. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single-incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy
Authors: Keshava A , Young C J , Mackenzie S 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
The results of a prospective consecutive series of single-incision laparoscopic right hemicolectomy procedures are presented.

Methods
Right colonic resections were performed by a single-incision laparoscopic technique between February and December 2009. Surgical outcomes were recorded in a prospective database.

Results
Twenty-two consecutive procedures were completed by single-incision laparoscopic colorectal surgical resection. All patients were alive at 30 days. The median length of hospital stay was 5 days. Morbidity was encountered in six patients. Pathological examination of the resected specimen showed adenocarcinoma in 13 patients, adenoma in five, carcinoid in two, Crohn's disease in one patient and an intussuscepting lipoma in one. Clearance from the pathology was greater than 5 cm in all cases and the median lymph node harvest in patients with cancer was 17 (range 10–30).

Conclusion
Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is a possible approach to right colonic resection with potential for minimal access advantages.
Complications of intestinal stomas
Authors: Nastro P , Knowles C H , McGrath A , Heyman B , Porrett T R C , Lunniss P J 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackgroundStomal complications are prevalent and associated with considerable morbidity. This study examined the incidence and potential risk factors for their development.MethodsThe time of onset and presence of ten specific complications were recorded for patients with an intestinal stoma over 10 years at two urban hospitals. A database was established with 20 explanatory variables (such as common medical co-morbidities) derived from the stomatherapy and medical records. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors for the development of complications.ResultsSome 1216 patients (mean age 64 years) with a minimum of 2 years' follow-up were included, of whom 544 (44·7 per cent) underwent surgery for malignancy and 647 (53·2 per cent) had a colostomy formed. There were 1219 complications in total; 807 major complications (excluding excoriation and slough) occurred in 564 patients (46·4 per cent), of which the commonest was parastomal hernia (171, 14·1 per cent). On multivariable analysis, musculoskeletal co-morbidity (odds ratio (OR) 1·79, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·05 to 3·07; P = 0·032), cancer (OR 1·48, 1·13 to 1·93; P = 0·004) and high American Association of Anesthesiologists score (OR = 3·80, 2·14 to 6·75; P &lt; 0·001) were associated with an increased risk of complications. Preoperative siting was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0·59, 0·39 to 0·90; P = 0·014).ConclusionIntestinal stomal complications are common, occurring in almost half of patients. There are certain irremediable risk factors, allowing appropriate preoperative counselling.
National surveillance of surgical-site infection through register-based analysis of antibiotic use after inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Stridh Ekman G , Ringbäck Weitoft G , Nyrén O , Dickman P W , Ericsson Ö , Struwe J 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
Systematic surveillance of surgical-site infections is not standard. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the feasibility of using existing national health registers for surveillance of postoperative antibiotic treatment suggestive of surgical-site infection.

Methods
Data from national registers on hospital admissions and drug use were combined. Antibiotic purchases by 8856 patients subject to ambulatory care for inguinal hernia repair in Sweden during 2006 were ascertained during a 30-day interval immediately after surgery (postsurgical period) and in an 11-month control period (6 months before and 5 months after the postsurgical period).

Results
The incidence of first purchases of skin and soft tissue antibiotics was 245 per 8697 person-months in the first postoperative month and 180 per 52 612 person-months in the preoperative control period, representing a 1-month risk difference of 2·4 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 2·0 to 2·7) per cent. Hence, a 1-month risk of 2·4 per cent could be attributed tentatively to the surgery. The rate of episodes with antibiotics used mainly for skin and soft tissue infection was sevenfold higher in the first postoperative month than in the control period (rate ratio 7·01, 95 per cent c.i. 5·94 to 8·27).

Conclusion
The risk of antibiotic treatment during the postsurgical period was of the same order of magnitude as infection rates reported in the Swedish Hernia Register and review studies. Surveillance of postoperative antibiotic use may be considered as a resource-saving surrogate marker for surgical-site infections or an indicator of inappropriate use.
Multi-institutional experience of diffuse intra-abdominal multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Chua T C , Yan T D , Deraco M , Glehen O , Moran B J , Sugarbaker P H 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Background
This study was undertaken to measure survival of patients with multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma treated by cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy through a multi-institutional collaboration.

Methods
A multi-institutional data registry, established by the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group, was used to identify patients with peritoneal mesothelioma and the subgroup with multicystic tumours, treated by cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Outcomes for this subgroup are reported. The primary endpoint was overall survival. A secondary endpoint was the incidence of treatment-related complications.

Results
Of 405 patients with peritoneal mesothelioma, 26 (6·4 per cent) had multicystic tumours. There were 20 women and six men with a mean(s.d.) age of 42(12) years. The median peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) was 14 (range 6–39). There was no perioperative mortality. Six patients developed grade III or IV complications. After a median follow-up of 54 (range 5–129) months, all 26 patients were still alive.

Conclusion
Multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma appears to be a distinct subtype of peritoneal mesothelioma, where long-term survival may be achieved through cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Identification of IgE Binding to Api g 1‐Derived Peptides
Authors: Ruppel Elvira , Aÿ Bernhard , Boisguerin Prisca , Dölle Sabine , Worm Margitta , Volkmer Rudolf 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCelery is a frequent cause of food allergy in pollen‐sensitized patients and can induce severe allergic reactions. Clinical symptoms cannot be predicted by skin prick tests (SPTs) or by determining allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Our aim was to identify specific IgE binding peptides by using an array technique. For our study, the sera of 21 patients with positive double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) to celery, as well as the sera of 17 healthy patients were used. Additionally, all patients underwent skin tests along with determinations of specific IgE binding. The major allergen of celery Api g 1.0101 (Apium graveolens) was synthesized as an array of overlapping peptides and probed with the patients' sera. We developed an improved immunoassay protocol by investigating peptide lengths, peptide densities, incubation parameters, and readout systems, which could influence IgE binding. Sera of celery‐allergic patients showed binding to three distinct regions of Api g 1.0101. The region including amino acids 100 to 126 of Api g 1.0101 is the most important region for IgE binding. This region caused a fivefold higher binding of IgE from the sera of celery‐allergic patients compared to those of healthy individuals. In particular, one peptide (VLVPTADGGSIC) was recognized by all sera of celery‐allergic patients. In contrast, no binding to this peptide was detected in sera of the healthy controls. Our improved assay strategy allows us to distinguish between celery‐allergic and healthy individuals, but needs to be explored in a larger cohort of well‐defined patients.
Imidazoliophosphines are True N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)–Phosphenium Adducts
Authors: Abdellah Ibrahim , Lepetit Christine , Canac Yves , Duhayon Carine , Chauvin Remi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhereas the external nucleophilic reactivity of α‐amidiniophosphines has been previously illustrated by their complexation to transition‐metal centers, their internal electrophilic reactivity is herein investigated by using BIMIONAP (BIMIONAP=N‐methylated BIMINAP cation, BIMINAP=formal contraction of the acronyms BIMIP=2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐bibenzimidazole and BINAP=2,2′‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl). Reaction of tetraethylammonium chloride with free BIMIONAP is found to induce heterolytic cleavage of the N2CP bond to give chlorodiphenylphosphine and a transient phosphine–N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) species that is trapped in situ by protonation to the corresponding phosphine–benzimidazolium cation. When the chloride anion reacts with the cationic [Pd(η2‐BIMIONAP)Cl2] complex, the same cleavage occurs and the phosphine–NHC moiety is trapped in the corresponding [PdCl2(η2‐phosphine–NHC)] complex. When the chloride anion reacts with the dicationic [Pd(π‐allyl)(η2‐BIMIONAP)]+complex, allyldiphenylphosphine is produced, and the [PdCl(η2‐phosphine–NHC)(PPh2CH2CHCH2)]+complex is obtained. Reaction of free BIMIONAP with the hardern‐butyllithium nucleophile also induces heterolytic cleavage of the N2CP bond, from which the phosphine–NHC moiety is trapped by hydrolysis of the benzimidazole ring or by P,C‐sulfurization. Cleavage of a CP bond with the weak Cl−nucleophile to release the reactive NHC moiety (according to the unusual scheme CP+Cl−→C:+ClP) is a definite experimental indication of the dative nature of the N2CP bond of amidiniophosphines, which are, therefore, better described as NHC→phosphenium adducts. This interpretation is supported by the calculation, at the DFT level, of a heterolytic dissociation mode of the N2CP bond lower in energy than the homolytic one. A mesomeric description of the NHC→phosphenium entity is also proposed on the basis of electron localization function (ELF) and atoms in molecules (AIM) analyses. Finally ELF and AIM‐based Fukui indices, molecular orbitals, and MESP analyses show that the initial attack of Cl−takes place at the carbenic atom of BIMIONAP.
Novel drug delivery system for lipophilic therapeutics of small molecule, peptide‐based and protein drugs
Authors: Hussain Rohanah , Siligardi Giuliano 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEffective drug delivery systems for biopharmaceuticals, such as proteins, peptide‐based drugs, and vaccines still present major challenges. A procedure has been developed whereby human serum albumin (HSA) can be used as a delivery vehicle for these biomolecules exploiting its role as main fatty acid carrier. Using essentially fatty acid free HSA (HSAff) it is possible to form stable complexes with lipidic chain compounds (lipo compounds). Several lipo compounds have been used to develop this system, a novel antimicrobial lipopeptide and γ‐amino‐n‐butyric acid, GABA, conjugated with an alkyl chain, lipo‐GABA, in both cases C8 and C14 alkyl chain lengths were evaluated. The HSA‐lipo complex had a mutual stabilizing effect on both the HSA and the lipo compound. The protease enzyme study showed that the alkyl chains of these lipo compounds bound to HSAff confer biostability to HSAff. With the antimicrobial lipopeptide, there was enhanced activity with HSAff formulation suggesting increased biostability and bioavailability of compounds. These finding allowed us to propose a simple and effective way of delivering lipo compounds using fatty acid free HSA as the carrier. Chirality, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Craniofacial resection for malignant tumors involving the skull base in the elderly
Authors: Ganly Ian , Patel Snehal G. , Singh Bhuvanesh , Kraus Dennis H. , Cantu Giulo , Fliss Dan M. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Snyderman Carl , Shah Jatin P. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:In this study by the International Collaborative Group, the authors examined a large cohort of patients accumulated from multiple institutions that had experience in craniofacial surgery with the objective of reporting outcomes and complications for craniofacial resection (CFR) in the elderly.METHODS:One hundred seventy patients aged ≥70 years were included in the study. The median age was 75 years (range, 70‐98 years). One hundred four patients (61%) had received previous single‐modality or combined treatment, which included surgery in 79 patients (46%), radiation in 47 patients (28%), and chemotherapy in 13 patients (8%). The most common histology was squamous cell carcinoma (67 patients; 39%). The margins of resection were close or microscopically positive in 56 patients (33%). Sixty‐eight patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (40%), and 3 patients received chemotherapy (2%). Complications were classified into overall, local, central nervous system (CNS), systemic, and orbital. Overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were determined by using the Kaplan‐Meier method. Outcomes were compared with patients aged <70 years. Statistical analyses for outcomes were performed in relation to patient characteristics, tumor characteristics (including histology and extent of disease), surgical resection margins, previous radiation, and previous chemotherapy to determine predictive factors.RESULTS:Postoperative mortality occurred in 16 patients (9%), and postoperative complications occurred in 72 patients (42%). Local wound complications occurred in 40 patients (24%), CNS complications occurred in 24 patients (14%), systemic complications occurred in 19 patients (11%), and orbital complications occurred in 4 patients (2%). Postoperative mortality and complications were significantly more frequent in elderly patients compared with patients aged <70 years (postoperative mortality: 9% vs 3%; P = .04; complications: 42% vs 32%; P = .0009). The 5‐year OS, DSS, and RFS rates were significantly poorer than those for patients aged <70 years (OS: 42% vs 56%; P < .0001; DSS: 53% vs 61%; P = .04; RFS: 46% vs 54%; P = .03). Surgical margin status and primary tumor histology were independent predictors of OS, DSS, and RFS in multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONS:CFR for malignant skull base tumors in elderly patients (aged ≥70 years) was associated with increased mortality, complications, and poorer outcomes compared with patients aged <70 years. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Quantum Dots Acting as Energy Acceptors with Organic Dyes as Donors in Solution
Authors: Xu Hu , Huang Xiaomei , Zhang Wenjin , Chen Guanjiao , Zhu Weihong , Zhong Xinhua 
Published: September 2010

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) usually act as energy donors in Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) in various application fields. We report, for the first time, a FRET process from a conventional naphthalimide chromophore 1 to CdSe/ZnS core/shell QDs (acting as energy acceptors) in (1)–QDs hybrid system in solution. This FRET process is supported by various spectroscopies, such as steady‐state and time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) as well as PL excitation spectra. The highest energy transfer efficiency is estimated to be about 0.37. Interestingly, the role of QDs in FRET can be specifically reversed (from energy acceptors to energy donors) with the use of QDs with larger band‐gaps.