bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humeral cementless surface replacement arthroplasties of the shoulder: An experimental investigation on their initial fixation
Authors: Jakubowitz Eike , Neubrech Christine , Raiss Patric , Nadorf Jan , Tanner Michael C. , Rickert Markus , Kasten Philip 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCementless surface replacement arthroplasties are increasingly being used to treat arthritic humeral heads. These implants are designed to provide narrow bone resection, making a later revision easier. However, no clear evidence exists as to whether their initial fixation is sufficient for bony ingrowth. The aim of our in vitro study was to characterize the relative micromotion of two resurfacing implants with essentially different bone‐facing geometries. Both systems were implanted into 10 human humeral specimens and micromotion was measured under a cyclic torque application of up to ±1.75 Nm. The mean relative rotary motion resulted in a significant difference (p = 0.036), which was attributed to design differences of central stabilizers featuring both implants. A conversion of rotary motions into relative micromotions, using recently measured moments acting on these implants during daily activities of living, nullified this difference (p = 0.088). However, depending on the shoulder load case considered, a clear difference appeared (p = 0.031–0.045). In conclusion, both resurfacing implants are capable of achieving sufficient initial fixation on the humeral head and perform relative micromotions in a range considered safe for bony ingrowth. Patient‐related parameters do not appear to influence the initial fixation of these implants. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1216–1221, 2011
In vitro fermentation characteristics of diets with different forage/concentrate ratios: comparison of rumen and faecal inocula
Authors: Zicarelli Fabio , Calabrò Serena , Cutrignelli Monica I , Infascelli Federico , Tudisco Raffaella , Bovera Fulvia , Piccolo Vincenzo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this trial was to evaluate the replacement of rumen fluid with faeces as inoculum in studying the in vitro fermentation characteristics of diets for ruminants using the in vitro gas production technique. Six iso‐protein diets with different forage/concentrate ratios were incubated with rumen fluid (RI) or faeces (FI) collected from sheep.RESULTS: Most of the fermentation parameters were influenced by diet and inoculum (P < 0.01). With both inocula, organic matter degradability (dOM), cumulative gas production (OMCV) and maximum fermentation rate (Rmax) increased as the amount of concentrate in the diet increased. Rmax was lower with FI vs RI (P < 0.01); dOM was higher with FI vs RI and the diet × inoculum interaction was significant. As expected, with both inocula, Rmax increased as the neutral detergent fibre content of the diet decreased. Significant correlations were obtained using both inocula between OMCV/dOM and gas/volatile fatty acid (VFA), while the correlation VFA/dOM was significant only with FI. The microbial biomass yield calculated by stoichiometric analysis for all diets was higher with FI vs RI. With FI the organic matter used for microbial growth showed an overall decreasing trend as the amount of concentrate in the diet increased.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that both faeces and rumen fluid from sheep have the potential to be used as inoculum for the in vitro gas production technique. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
When to start an aromatase inhibitor: Now or later?
Authors: Doughty Julie C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAmong women who have undergone surgery for breast cancer, the risk of recurrence, especially distant metastases, peaks 1–2 years postsurgery. Recent clinical trial evidence suggests that initial adjuvant therapy with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) can reduce this early risk of recurrence. According to the recently updated St Gallen consensus statement, initial AI therapy is the preferred strategy for adjuvant endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:730–738. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of intratumoral thymidylate synthase expression on prognosis after surgical resection for ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Kato Yasushi , Murakami Yoshiaki , Uemura Kenichiro , Sudo Takeshi , Hashimoto Yasushi , Hiyama Eiso , Sueda Taijiro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study evaluated possible prognostic value of expression level of intratumoral thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) in patients with resected ampullary carcinoma.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining evaluated intratumoral TS, DPD, and OPRT expression in 52 surgical specimens of patients with ampullary carcinoma. Relationships between clinicopathological factors including intratumoral TS, DPD, or OPRT expressions and survival was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsHigh intratumoral DPD, OPRT, and TS expressions were found in 19 (37%), 30 (58%), and 23 (44%) of cases, respectively. Patients with high TS expression had more advanced‐stage disease than those with low TS expression. Univariate analysis revealed that gender, perineural invasion, lymph node status, UICC pT factor, UICC stage, OPRT expression, and TS expression correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with disease‐specific survival. Only perineural invasion (P = 0.043) and TS expression (P = 0.019) were independent prognostic factors of disease‐specific survival by multivariate survival analysis. Five‐year disease‐specific survival rates of patients with high and low intratumoral TS expression were 47% and 91%, respectively.ConclusionsIntratumoral TS expression level may be a potent predictor of prognosis after surgical resection for ampullary carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:663–668. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TNM stage and grade in predicting the prognosis of operated, non‐functioning neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas—a single‐institution experience
Authors: Sellner Franz , Thalhammer Sabine , Stättner Stefan , Karner Josef , Klimpfinger Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic significance of TNM and grading categories in curatively resected non‐functioning neuroendocrine pancreatic carcinoma (nfnepC).MethodEighteen nfnepC were retrospectively analyzed for differences in survival.Results(1) There was a correlation between pT (P = 0.026), respectively pM categories (P = 0.016) and survival. (2) G categories and length of survival were closely correlated (P = 0.0036). (3) Disease stages I–IV had a significant effect on survival (P = 0.051). (4) The WHO classification in well and poorly differentiated carcinomas proved to be the most conclusive predictive factor (P = 0.0009). (5) Subgroups with significantly different prognoses determined by histological grade were present within disease stage II.ConclusionsThe retrospective analysis showed a good correlation between survival and pT, pM, tumor stage, G categories, and WHO classification in well and poorly differentiated carcinomas. Including histological differentiation in the staging system or carrying it out separately in well and poorly differentiated carcinomas, could enhance the predictive potential of TNM‐based disease stages. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:17–21. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prospective comparison of peritumoral and subareolar injection of blue dye alone, for identification of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with early stage breast cancer
Authors: Kaklamanos Ioannis G. , Birbas Konstantinos , Syrigos Konstantinos , Bonatsos Vasilios G. , Bonatsos Gerasimos 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesVarious techniques are used for the identification of the sentinel node (SLN). We prospectively compare the efficacy of SLN biopsy and the number of SLNs identified, by injecting methylene blue (MB) alone in the subareolar area (SA) or peritumorally (PT) in patients with early stage breast cancerMethodsPatients were randomized in two groups (SA or PT injection). A linear regression model was used to estimate the effect of various parameters on the identification rate and on the number of SLNs retrieved.ResultsAt least one SLN was identified in 61 of 66 (92.4%) procedures in the SA group and in 57 of 60 (95%) procedures in the PT group (P = 0.55). The mean number of SLNs removed with the SA injection method was 1.64 ± 0.6 nodes compared with 2.23 ± 0.7 nodes identified with the PT injection (range: 1–4, P < 0.001). The injection site was the only factor affecting the number of SLNs retrieved.ConclusionThe use of MB alone is an efficient method for identification of the SLN. The PT injection route yields a higher number of SLNs than the SA route, comparable with the number of SLNs retrieved, when combined tracing agents and multiple injection sites are used. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;104:37–40. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction
Authors: Zhao Ru‐Song , Wang Xia , Li Fu‐Wei , Wang Shan‐Shan , Zhang Li‐Li , Cheng Chuan‐Ge 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this article, a novel and simple microextraction method, termed ionic liquid/ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (IL/IL‐DLLME), has been designed and developed for the rapid enrichment and analysis of environmental pollutants. Instead of using hazardous organic solvents, two kinds of ILs, hydrophobic IL and hydrophilic IL, were used as extraction solvent and disperser solvent in IL/IL‐DLLME step, respectively. Permethrin and biphenthrin, two of the often‐used pyrethroid pesticides, were used as model compounds. Factors that may affect the enrichment efficiencies were investigated and optimized in detail. Under optimum conditions, permethrin and biphenthrin exhibited a wide linear relationship over the range 1–100 μg/L. For permethrin and biphenthrin, the precisions were 4.65–7.78%, and limits of detection were found to be 0.28 and 0.83 μg/L, respectively. Satisfactory results were achieved when the present method was applied to analyze the target compounds in real‐world water samples with spiked recoveries over the range 84.1–113.5%. All these facts indicated that IL/IL‐DLLME is a simple and rapid alternative for the enrichment and analysis of environmental pollutants and will have a wide application perspective in the future.
Direct injection analysis of fatty and resin acids in papermaking process waters by HPLC/MS
Authors: Valto Piia , Knuutinen Juha , Alén Raimo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA novel HPLC‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/MS (HPLC‐APCI/MS) method was developed for the rapid analysis of selected fatty and resin acids typically present in papermaking process waters. A mixture of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, and dehydroabietic acids was separated by a commercial HPLC column (a modified stationary C18 phase) using gradient elution with methanol/0.15% formic acid (pH 2.5) as a mobile phase. The internal standard (myristic acid) method was used to calculate the correlation coefficients and in the quantitation of the results. In the thorough quality parameters measurement, a mixture of these model acids in aqueous media as well as in six different paper machine process waters was quantitatively determined. The measured quality parameters, such as selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy, clearly indicated that, compared with traditional gas chromatographic techniques, the simple method developed provided a faster chromatographic analysis with almost real‐time monitoring of these acids.
Enhancing self‐report assessment of PTSD: Development of an item bank
Authors: Del Vecchio Nicole , Elwy A. Rani , Smith Eric , Bottonari Kathryn A. , Eisen Susan V. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe authors report results of work to enhance self‐report posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assessment by developing an item bank for use in a computer‐adapted test. Computer‐adapted tests have great potential to decrease the burden of PTSD assessment and outcomes monitoring. The authors conducted a systematic literature review of PTSD instruments, created a database of items, performed qualitative review and readability analysis, and conducted cognitive interviews with veterans diagnosed with PTSD. The systematic review yielded 480 studies in which 41 PTSD instruments comprising 993 items met inclusion criteria. The final PTSD item bank includes 104 items representing each of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994), PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal), and 3 additional subdomains (depersonalization, guilt, and sexual problems) that expanded the assessment item pool.
ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE BY IMPROVING WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF SOILS IN DRY AREAS
Authors: Qadir M. , Noble A. D. , Chartres C. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTConsidering extreme events of climate change and declining availability of appropriate quality water and/or highly productive soil resources for agriculture in dryland regions, the need to produce more food, forage and fibre will necessitate the effective utilization of marginal‐quality water and soil resources. Recent research and practices have demonstrated that effective utilization of these natural resources in dry areas can improve agricultural productivity per unit area and per unit water applied. This paper focuses on the following three case studies as examples: (1) low productivity soils affected by high levels of magnesium in soil solution and on the cation exchange complex; (2) degraded sandy soils under rainfed conditions characterized by low water‐holding capacity, organic matter and clay content and (3) abandoned irrigated soils with elevated levels of salts inhibiting growth of income generating crops. The results of these studies demonstrate that application of calcium‐supplying phosphogypsum to high‐magnesium soils, addition of clays to light textured degraded soils and phytoremediation of abandoned salt‐affected soils significantly improved productivity of these soils. Furthermore, under most circumstances, these interventions were economically viable, revealing that the efficient use of marginal‐quality water and soil resources has the potential to improve livelihoods amid growing populations in dry areas while reversing the natural resource degradation trend. However, considerably more investment and policy‐level interventions are needed to tackle soil degradation/remediation issues across both irrigated and dryland agricultural environments if the major challenge of producing enough food, forage and fibre is to be met. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated land degradation monitoring and assessment: Horizontal knowledge management at the national and international levels
Authors: Chasek P. , Essahli W. , Akhtar‐Schuster M. , Stringer L. C. , Thomas R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe need for improved horizontal knowledge management at the national and international levels is essential for monitoring and assessment of land degradation and desertification. At the national level, governments utilise scientific, socio‐economic and technical data and information for strategic planning, priority setting and national environment and development planning. However, challenges including the lack of capacity and lack of collaboration and sharing of information across governments affect responses to and the effectiveness of monitoring and knowledge exchange, along with the ability to effectively implement treaties. At the international level, a number of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) share cross‐sectoral themes related to research and monitoring, information exchange, technology transfer, capacity building and financial resources. The need for increased synergies stems from the similarities between the issues they address. Challenges for improving knowledge management at the international level include insufficient interaction between the scientific bodies of the various MEAs; duplication of reporting, monitoring and assessment efforts; limited knowledge management between the various assessments addressing ecosystems and biological diversity during the past decade; and insufficient collaboration between the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), the UN system and the international non‐governmental organisation (NGO) community. This paper examines these challenges and offers recommendations on how monitoring and assessment knowledge can be better managed at the national and international levels. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SOIL ATTRIBUTES AFTER THE CONVERSION FROM FOREST TO PASTURE IN AMAZON
Authors: de Souza Braz A. M. , Fernandes A. R. , Alleoni L. R. F. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe conversion from forest to grassland is drastically changing soil characteristics in Amazon, leading to land degradation when it is poorly managed. Chemical and physical changes of a Typic Hapludox were evaluated as a function of the conversion (by means of fire) from forest to Brachiaria brizantha cultivation. Samples from the remaining forest were also sampled. Treatments were made to pastures eight (P8), thirteen (P13) and fifteen (P15) years after conversion, and to land under continuous grazing, and to a remaining forest area (control). The forest soil was more acidic than the pasture soils. Soil density and Ca+2 increased after the conversion, regardless of the period of grazing. Carbon stocks varied from 31·2 t ha−1 in the forest soil to 37·4 (P8), 33·5 (P13) and 30·7 t ha−1 (P15). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
pH‐ and Temperature‐Sensitive Chitosan Hydrogels: Swelling and MRI Studies
Authors: Goycoolea Francisco M. , Fernández‐Valle María E. , Aranaz Inmaculada , Heras Ángeles 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMRI and swelling experiments are used to probe the state of water and infer the microstructure of chitosan hydrogels. SEM reveals a porous open scaffold‐type structure for hydrogels that were equilibrated at 2 °C before freezing as compared to those equilibrated at 37 °C. ADC MRI measurements reveal an anisotropy in the microstructure of these gels. T1 relaxation MRI values were larger as the pH increased from 7.6 to 12.0, the result of a lower rate of exchange between protons of the hydration sphere of the polymer and bulk water. The thermosensitive and pH‐sensitive properties of these hydrogels can be utilized in the development of innovative materials for biotechnological and biomedical applications, including criobiocatalysis and bioremediation as well as in programmed drug delivery. magnified image
Dramatic Solvent Effect on Interaction Kinetics and Self‐Organization of Phenyl‐C61 Butyric Acid Methyl Ester in a Triblock Copolymer
Authors: Alok Chaurasia , Gan Leong Huat , Hu Xiao 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe interactions of a triblock copolymer containing a PEO central and two 4VP end blocks with PCBM were studied in different solvents. The interaction is too slow to be detected in toluene, but in THF a well‐defined charge transfer complex is formed, allowing the interaction kinetics to be studied. Rate constants along with other kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were determined. The 4VP units in the copolymer interact with the fullerene derivative more than two orders of magnitude faster than a small model compound. There is interplay between charge complextaion kinetics and self‐assembled supramolecular micellar structures of the copolymer/PCBM system. The findings should provide useful insight in design and formation of nanoscale domains of fullerene and derivatives in polymer blend systems. magnified image
Cyclic‐Amine‐Based Dithiocarbamate Chain Transfer Agents for the RAFT Polymerization of Less Activated Monomers
Authors: Jana Satyasankar , Parthiban Anbanandam 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of pyrrolidine‐, piperidine‐, and imidazoline‐based dithiocarbamate CTAs have been synthesized and utilized to control the polymerization of vinyl monomers. The controlling ability of the CTAs depends on the presence of both activating and re‐initiating groups and the monomer used. Pyrrolidine‐ and piperidine‐based CTAs proved reasonably good for controlling vinyl acetate polymerizations. The living nature of the vinyl acetate polymerizations was studied by kinetics and chain extension reactions. Interestingly the vinyl acetate polymers synthesized using these pyrrolidine and piperidine based CTAs were almost colorless when precipitated and, therefore, were interesting considering the industrial applications of these polymers. magnified image
Silicon‐Containing Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins with Systematically Varied Functionalities: Synthesis and Structure/Property Relationships
Authors: Liu Wanshuang , Wang Zhonggang 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe manipulation of the properties of cycloaliphatic epoxy resins by systematical variations of the molecular structure is demonstrated. Specifically, four cycloaliphatic epoxy resins with silicon‐center linked via methyl, phenyl, and epoxy groups of different number were synthesized. The cured epoxides had remarkably changed crosslinking density from 0.45 × 10−3 to 9.64 × 10−3 mol · cm−3, glass transition temperature from 133 to 237 °C, and considerably decreased thermal expansion coefficient from 6.44 × 10−5 to 4.83 × 10−5 K−1. It was proved that the higher crosslinking density was related to more opened segments by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The physical properties of cured products and their correlations with the chemical structures were investigated in detail. magnified image
An application of multicriteria decision making to built heritage. The redevelopment of Venice Arsenale
Authors: Giove Silvio , Rosato Paolo , Breil Margaretha 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe paper presents a multiple criteria model for the evaluation of the sustainability of projects for the economic re‐use of historical buildings in Venice. The model utilizes the relevant parameters for the appraisal of sustainability, aggregated into three macro‐indicators: intrinsic sustainability, context sustainability and economic‐financial feasibility. The model has been calibrated by a panel of experts and tested on two reuse hypothesis of the Old Arsenal in Venice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Versatility of perforator‐based V‐Y advancement flaps in reconstruction of complex mid back wounds
Authors: Gözü Aydin , Akkuş Ali̇ , Seyi̇thanoǧlu Hakan , Özkan Nezi̇h , Özsoy Zafer 
Published: February 2011

AbstractReconstruction of complex mid back wounds is challenging due to the patient comorbidities and scarcity of reliable regional flap alternatives. Four consecutive cases treated with perforator based V‐Y advancement flaps are reported. An effective repair was achieved in all the patients and the mean follow up period was 28 months. Our results indicate the efficacy of adipocutaneous flaps in complex spinal soft tissue repair and may help to refine the relevant algorhythm. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.