bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the anchoring orientations of foam and sandwich composites with metal
Authors: Ahmed Ahsan , Fahim Atef , Naguib Hani E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMetallic anchors are used as the load transfer components for foam and sandwich composites when they are used as structural elements in design applications. The traditional method of fixation of these components is by gluing and fastening. The anchors are in the form of inserts and are imbedded in the foam during the foaming process. In this study, flexural testing was conducted on different metal anchor/foam configurations to establish typical interaction trends. The load‐deflection response, mode of failure, and fracture stresses of the structures were elucidated. Tests were conducted on foam and sandwich composites having rectangular, cylindrical, and taper geometries with different lengths. Leaf inserts were designed, manufactured, and tested inside foam and sandwich composites. Comparisons between the taper and leaf inserts are presented. Leaf inserts had better results compared with taper inserts in terms of adhesion and failure stresses. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the interactions between the inserts and the foam and sandwich composites under different loads was carried out. The FEA modeling results were very similar to the experimental results, thus validating the model. Simulations were also run with foam and sandwich composites with closeout configuration. Foam–sandwich with inserts had better adhesion and load‐bearing properties compared with same structures with closeouts. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fetal akinesia and associated abnormalities on prenatal MRI
Authors: Nemec Stefan F. , Höftberger Romana , Nemec Ursula , Bettelheim Dieter , Brugger Peter C. , Kasprian Gregor , Amann Gabriele , Rotmensch Siegfried , Graham Jr. John M. , Rimoin David L. , Prayer Daniela 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveIn view of the increasing role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an adjunct to prenatal ultrasonography (US), this study sought to demonstrate the visualization of fetal akinesia and associated abnormalities on MRI.MethodsThis retrospective study included six fetuses with akinesia and associated abnormalities, depicted on fetal MRI after suspicious prenatal US. The whole fetus was assessed for musculoskeletal abnormalities and associated pathological conditions elsewhere. Fetal outcome data were compared with prenatal imaging. US and MRI findings were also compared.ResultsAkinesia resulting in arthrogryposis was seen in 6/6 fetuses, with abnormal musculature in 5/6 fetuses. Associated brain abnormalities were found in 2/6 fetuses; facial abnormalities in 3/6; lung hypoplasia in 3/6; and polyhydramnios in 2/6.There were 5/6 pregnancies that were terminated and one individual died neonatally. MRI and brain autopsy were concordant in 4/6 cases. MRI and body autopsy were concordant in 1/6 cases and in 5/6 cases, autopsy revealed additional abnormalities. In addition to US, MRI correctly identified central nervous system findings in four cases and lung hypoplasia in three cases.ConclusionOur MRI results demonstrate fetal akinesia and associated abnormalities, which may have an impact on perinatal management, as an adjunct to prenatal US. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis and natural history of fetuses presenting with pleural effusion
Authors: Ruano Rodrigo , Ramalho Alan Saito , Cardoso Ana Karina Silva , Moise Kenneth , Zugaib Marcelo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the natural history of fetuses presenting with pleural effusion.MethodsBetween January 2005 and December 2009 all fetuses diagnosed with pleural effusion were followed up. Fetuses were divided into three groups: I, isolated pleural effusion; II, associated structural anomalies but normal karyotype; and III, chromosomal anomalies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between prenatal ultrasound findings and perinatal death.ResultsFifty‐six fetuses were included in the study. Associated structural or chromosomal anomalies occurred in 75.0% (42/56) of cases. Bilateral pleural effusion and fetal hydrops were associated with each other (p < 0.01) and with perinatal death (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that only the presence of associated abnormalities was a statistical determinant of perinatal death (OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.48–5.64; p < 0.01).ConclusionFetal pleural effusion is often associated with other abnormalities, and this association has poor perinatal outcome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring topographic changes in a periglacial high‐mountain face using high‐resolution DTMs, Monte Rosa East Face, Italian Alps
Authors: Fischer Luzia , Eisenbeiss Henri , Kääb Andreas , Huggel Christian , Haeberli Wilfried 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a remote sensing‐based approach for detailed topographic investigations in steep periglacial high‐mountain faces. The study was conducted at one of the highest periglacial rock faces in the European Alps, the permafrost‐affected and partially glacierised east face of Monte Rosa. Strongly increased rock and ice avalanche activity on this rock wall has caused major topographic change in recent decades. A time series of high‐resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) with a 2‐m resolution was produced from digital aerial photogrammetry for 1956, 1988 and 2001 and from airborne LiDAR for 2005 and 2007. The DTM comparisons reveal a total volume loss of permafrost‐affected bedrock and glacier ice of more than 20 × 106 m3 over the past 50 years, with the majority of the loss since 1988. Analysis of all unstable areas and detachment zones showed that the sequence of the main slope failures is spatially connected and that there is coupling between permafrost bedrock instability and the condition of adjacent hanging glaciers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urinary proteomics analysis for renal injury in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with iTRAQ labeling and LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Chen Guixiang , Zhang Yang , Jin Xiaohong , Zhang Lihong , Zhou Yunjiao , Niu Jianying , Chen Jing , Gu Yong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPurpose: As a noninvasive examination, urinary proteomics is a very useful tool to identify renal disease. The purpose of the present study was to find differential proteins among women with preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and normal pregnancy, and to screen potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of preeclampsia.Experimental design: Urinary proteins were identified by iTRAQ labeling coupled with 2‐D LC‐MS/MS. The bioinformatics analysis was performed with the Metacore software and the International Protein Index (IPI) and the Gene Ontology (GO) Database. The differentially expressed proteins were verified by ELISA.Results: 362 nonredundant proteins were identified, 113 of which were expressed differentially between preeclampsia and normal pregnant group and 31 differential proteins among three groups. These differential proteins were associated with biological processes of blood coagulation, cell adhesion and differentiation, immune response and cytoskeleton development, etc. They interacted with each other in the network. The urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) was downregulated, which was consistent with the ELISA validation results.Conclusions and clinical relevance: The present study found a multitude of differential proteins that might provide a clue for investigating the mechanism of proteinuria development in preeclampsia. Low urinary angiotensinogen levels were useful for identifying preeclampsia.
Proteomics in chronic kidney disease: The issues clinical nephrologists need an answer for
Authors: Spasovski Goce , Ortiz Alberto , Vanholder Raymond , El Nahas Meguid 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA growing number of patients are recognised to have chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, only a minority will progress to end‐stage renal disease requiring dialysis or transplantation. Currently available diagnostic and staging tools frequently fail to identify those at higher risk of progression or death. Furthermore within specific disease entities there are shortcomings in the prediction of the need for therapeutic interventions or the response to different forms of therapy. Kidney and urine proteomic biomarkers are considered as promising diagnostic tools to predict CKD progression early in diabetic nephropathy, facilitating timely and selective intervention that may reduce the related health‐care expenditures. However, independent groups have not validated these findings and the technique is not currently available for routine clinical care. Furthermore, there are gaps in our understanding of predictors of progression or need for therapy in non‐diabetic CKD. Presumably, a combination of tissue and urine biomarkers will be more informative than individual markers. This review identifies clinical questions in need of an answer, summarises current information on proteomic biomarkers and CKD, and describes the European Kidney and Urine Proteomics initiative that has been launched to carry out a clinical study aimed at identifying urinary proteomic biomarkers distinguishing between fast and slow progressors among patients with biopsy‐proven primary glomerulopathies.
Surface contact toxicity and synergism of several insecticides against different stages of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: How Yee‐Fatt , Lee Chow‐Yang 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Five formulated insecticides (lambda‐cyhalothrin at 10 mg m−2, bifenthrin at 50 mg m−2, fipronil at 10 mg m−2, fenitrothion at 50 mg m−2, imidacloprid at 5 mg m−2) and one active ingredient (DDT at 500 mg m−2) were evaluated using a surface contact method against early and late instars and adults of two strains of the tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus (F.). Synergism of lambda‐cyhalothrin and fipronil using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was also assessed.RESULTS: The order of susceptibility of different stages of bed bugs was as follows: early stage − lambda‐cyhalothrin > bifenthrin = imidacloprid > fipronil > fenitrothion > DDT; late stage—lambda‐cyhalothrin > bifenthrin > fenitrothion > imidacloprid > fipronil > DDT; adult—lambda‐cyhalothrin > imidacloprid > bifenthrin > fenitrothion > fipronil > DDT. The late instars exhibited significantly higher LT50 among the life stages. The addition of PBO to fipronil increased the susceptibility of the insects.CONCLUSIONS: Lambda‐cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, fenitrothion and fipronil at the recommended application rates were effective against C. hemipterus. Although imidacloprid demonstrated good initial response against C. hemipterus, the insects showed substantial recovery 72 h post‐treatment. The late instars (fourth and fifth instars) should be used as the model for toxicological evaluation. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Antifeedant effect of commercial chemicals and plant extracts againstSchistocerca americana(Orthoptera: Acrididae) andDiaprepes abbreviatus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Sandoval‐Mojica Andres F , Capinera John L 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The deterrent effect of seven commercial compounds againstSchistocerca americana(Drury) nymphs andDiaprepes abbreviatusL. adults, two important citrus pests, was investigated. Extracts of three Florida local plants were also tested as deterrents. Antifeedant activity was assayed using a leaf‐disk bioassay in choice and no‐choice tests. The residual activity of the commercial compounds that significantly deterred the insects was assayed by applying them to foliage of citrus plants exposed to three time intervals of sunlight.RESULTS:Sabadilla, azadirachtin and ryanodine effectively deterredS. americana, whereas rotenone, sabadilla and ryanodine reduced the feeding activity ofD. abbreviatus. Methanol and methylene chloride extracts ofCeratiola ericoidesMichaux deterredD. abbreviatus, but only methylene chloride extract dissuadedS. americana. Methanol extract ofArdisia crenataSims functioned as a feeding deterrent against bothS. americanaandD. abbreviatus, but only the latter species was deterred by methylene chloride extract ofA. crenata. Extracts ofIllicium parviflorumMichaux ex Ventetat only dissuaded the insects in choice bioassays. Rapid loss of effectiveness was observed under field conditions. Sabadilla was the only compound that maintained its antifeedant properties in the field, but only againstS. americana.CONCLUSION:Based on their deterrency, some of the commercial products and plant extracts have potential for use as substitute crop protectants against the pest species tested. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetization of Fe‐oxide based nanocomposite tuned by surface charging
Authors: Traußnig Thomas , Topolovec Stefan , Nadeem Kashif , Vinga Szabó Dorothée , Krenn Heinz , Würschum Roland 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAiming at a voltage‐control of magnetism, the magnetization of a porous γ‐Fe2O3–Pt nanocomposite is studied under the influence of charging the surfaces of the porous structure in an electrolyte. Reversible variations of the magnetization of up to 10.4% could be achieved upon charging in the regime where electrochemical adsorption and desorption occurs. The observed variation of the magnetization with electrochemical charging is assigned to the γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles whereas the conductive network of Pt nanoparticles is necessary for charging. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Distributed state estimation for uncertain Markov‐type sensor networks with mode‐dependent distributed delays
Authors: Liang Jinling , Wang Zidong , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, the distributed state estimation problem is investigated for a class of sensor networks described by uncertain discrete‐time dynamical systems with Markovian jumping parameters and distributed time‐delays. The sensor network consists of sensor nodes characterized by a directed graph with a nonnegative adjacency matrix that specifies the interconnection topology (or the distribution in the space) of the network. Both the parameters of the target plant and the sensor measurements are subject to the switches from one mode to another at different times according to a Markov chain. The parameter uncertainties are norm‐bounded that enter into both the plant system as well as the network outputs. Furthermore, the distributed time‐delays are considered, which are also dependent on the Markovian jumping mode. Through the measurements from a small fraction of the sensors, this paper aims to design state estimators that allow the nodes of the sensor network to track the states of the plant in a distributed way. It is verified that such state estimators do exist if a set of matrix inequalities is solvable. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed distributed state estimators. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Image noise cross‐correlation for signal‐to‐noise ratio estimation in scanning electron microscope images
Authors: Sim K. S. , Nia M. E. , Tso C. P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new and robust parameter estimation technique, named image noise cross‐correlation, is proposed to predict the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of scanning electron microscope images. The results of SNR and variance estimation values are tested and compared with nearest neighborhood and first‐order interpolation. Overall, the proposed method is best as its estimations for the noise‐free peak and SNR are most consistent and accurate to within a certain acceptable degree, compared with the others. SCANNING 33: 82–93, 2011. © 2011 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of Tibetian Plateau varnish: new findings at the nanoscale using focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy techniques
Authors: Langworthy Kurt A. , Krinsley David H. , Dorn Ronald I. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDual‐beam focused ion beam microscopy (FIB/SEM) preparation of rock varnish for high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) has enabled us to characterize unreported nanostructures. Fossils, unreported textures, and compositional variability were observed at the nanoscale. These techniques could provide a method for studying ancient terrestrial and extra‐terrestrial environments to better understand geological processes at the nanoscale. SCANNING 33: 78–81, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Magnetic Field Intensity on Microstructure and Orientation of Proeutectoid Ferrite in Fe‐0.76%C Alloy
Authors: Wu Y. , Gong M. L. , Wang S. Y. , Zhao X. , Zuo L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEffect of high magnetic field annealing on microstructure and orientation of proeutectoid ferrite in Fe–0.76%C alloy was investigated. It was found that the high magnetic field increases the number of proeutectoid ferrite grains considerably, and the elongation tendency of proeutectoid ferrite grains along the magnetic field direction is increased by the applied magnetic field, too. These effects increased with the enhancement of magnetic filed intensity. Crystallographic orientation analysis by EBSD showed that no preferential orientations exist in the proeutectoid ferrite when applied a magnetic field with different intensity. Possible reasons of the above phenomena were discussed in the paper.
Transductive confidence machines
Authors: Rogers James 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe field of statistical learning theory has developed alternatives to induction. Instead of using all the available points to induce a model, the data, or usually a small subset of the data, can be used to estimate unknown properties of points to be tested (e.g., membership to a class). This idea leads to algorithms that use standard statistical tests to compute the confidence on the estimation. Using transduction, researchers have built transductive confidence machines which are able to estimate the unknown class of a point and attach confidence to the estimate, and also to determine outliers in a data set. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 216–220 DOI: 10.1002/wics.154This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Pattern Recognition
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Knowledge Discovery
Global navigation satellite systems
Authors: Grewal Mohinder S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are satellite constellations that generate signals that can be received virtually anywhere, anytime, and in any weather anywhere in the world. The article discusses the systems that are fully active and those that are still being developed. The systems are intended to be independent, complementary, and interoperable. Most future aviation users are likely to rely on multi‐constellation receivers, i.e., receive and process the GNSS signals to complement and enhance each other. The general description of how the systems work concludes with some of the remaining challenges. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 383–384 DOI: 10.1002/wics.158This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Signal and Image Processing and Coding
Evoked response audiometry in scrub typhus: prospective, randomised, case–control study
Authors: Thakur J S , Mohindroo N K , Sharma D R , Soni K , Kaushal S S 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjective:To investigate the hypothesis of cochlear and retrocochlear damage in scrub typhus, using evoked response audiometry.Study design:Prospective, randomised, case–control study.Methods:The study included 25 patients with scrub typhus and 25 controls with other febrile illnesses not known to cause hearing loss. Controls were age- and sex-matched. All subjects underwent pure tone audiometry and evoked response audiometry before commencing treatment.Results:Six patients presented with hearing loss, although a total of 23 patients had evidence of symmetrical high frequency loss on pure tone audiometry. Evoked response audiometry found significant prolongation of absolute latencies of wave I, III, V, and wave I–III interpeak latency. Two cases with normal hearing had increased interpeak latencies. These findings constitute level 3b evidence.Conclusion:Findings were suggestive of retrocochlear pathology in two cases with normal hearing. In other patients, high frequency hearing loss may have led to altered evoked response results. Although scrub typhus appears to cause middle ear cochlear and retrocochlear damage, the presence of such damage could not be fully confirmed by evoked response audiometry.
Tuning information packaging: intonational realization of topic and focus in child Dutch
Authors: CHEN AOJU 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThis study examined how four- to five-year-olds and seven- to eight-year-olds used intonation (accent placement and accent type) to encode topic and focus in Dutch. Naturally spoken declarative sentences with either sentence-initial topic and sentence-final focus or sentence-initial focus and sentence-final topic were elicited via a picture-matching game. Results showed that the four- to five-year-olds were adult-like in topic-marking, but were not yet fully adult-like in focus-marking, in particular, in the use of accent type in sentence-final focus (i.e. showing no preference for H*L). Between age five and seven, the use of accent type was further developed. In contrast to the four- to five-year-olds, the seven- to eight-year-olds showed a preference for H*L in sentence-final focus. Furthermore, they used accent type to distinguish sentence-initial focus from sentence-initial topic in addition to phonetic cues.
Video observation of hand hygiene practices at a petting zoo and the impact of hand hygiene interventions
Authors: ANDERSON M. E. C. , WEESE J. S. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYPetting zoos are popular attractions, but can also be associated with zoonotic disease outbreaks. Hand hygiene is critical to reducing disease risks; however, compliance can be poor. Video observation of petting zoo visitors was used to assess animal and environmental contact and hand hygiene compliance. Compliance was also compared over five hand hygiene intervention periods. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were used for analysis. Overall hand hygiene compliance was 58% (340/583). Two interventions had a significant positive association with hand hygiene compliance [improved signage with offering hand sanitizer, odds ratio (OR) 3·38, P<0·001; verbal hand hygiene reminders, OR 1·73, P=0·037]. There is clearly a need to improve hand hygiene compliance at this and other animal exhibits. This preliminary study was the first to demonstrate a positive impact of a hand hygiene intervention at a petting zoo. The findings suggest that active, rather than passive, interventions are more effective for increasing compliance.