bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal modeling of basin-scale pressure buildup from proximal commercial-scale CO 2 storage in stacked sequence of saline formations
Authors: Wijaya Nur , Morgan David , Vikara Derek , Grant Timothy , Liu Guoxiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Commercial scale decarbonization through carbon capture and storage may likely involve many CO2 storage projects located in close proximity. The close proximity could raise concerns over caprock integrity associated with reservoir pressure buildup and interference among adjacent projects. Commercial-scale injection will also require large prospective CO2 storage resource and high injectivity in the targeted storage formations. To accommodate the need for both large resource and high injectivity, project operators could consider injecting CO2 into a stacked sequence of formations. This analysis investigates the benefits of injecting CO2 into a vertically stacked sequence of saline formations, over injecting the same amount of CO2 into a single saline formation, in addressing these challenges. Our analysis shows that injecting into the stacked sequence mitigates the extent of pressure buildup among the stacked formations, while still achieving the same or greater target CO2 storage volumes. Among cases modeled, the resulting pressure buildup front is most reduced when each storage site distributes injection volumes over several wells, each of which injects a portion of the total CO2 mass across the stacked sequence. This favorable case not only results in the smallest CO2 aerial footprint, but also shows the largest reduction in the pressure buildup at the top of perforation at the injection wells (upwards of approximately 46% compared to the single-formation storage), the result of which is crucial to maintain caprock integrity. This analysis provides insights into required decision-making when considering multi-project deployment in a shared basin.
Construction and analysis of the CDKN2B-AS1 ceRNA network associated with KRAS-dependent tumorigenesis in colorectal and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Saliani Mahsa , Javadmanesh Ali , Gonbadi Parisa , Rahimi Somayeh , Dastgir Faezeh , Daryasary Hadise Mirahmadi , Ghasemi Faezeh , Gharehdaghi Niusha , Ahmadian Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) exhibits the highest mutation rate in colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic cancer (PC), highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of KRAS-dependent pathogenesis. Given the regulatory role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in gene expression, this study focused on constructing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network of selected KRAS-related lncRNAs. By analyzing the transcriptional profiles of CRC and PC cell lines with and without KRAS mutations, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using sequencing data from the Sequencing Read Archive database. Notably, the analysis revealed 42 common upregulated DEGs (uDEGs), including differentially expressed lncRNAs and protein-coding genes, between KRAS-mutant and KRAS-wild-type cells. Among them, CDKN2B-AS1 emerged as a key KRAS-related lncRNA for the construction of the ceRNA network. Using LncTarD, miRWalk, and ToppCluster servers, a robust ceRNA network of CDKN2B-AS1 was constructed to elucidate the interactions between corresponding miRNAs and target genes. This network included 21 miRNAs and 34 genes selected from common uDEGs. Enrichment analysis of ceRNA target genes validated their involvement in critical cancer-related pathways and biological processes. Crucially, expression and survival analysis underscored the prognostic significance of selected target genes within the CDKN2B-AS1 ceRNA network. By delineating the regulatory mechanisms of the CDKN2B-AS1 ceRNA network, this study sheds light on the molecular and cellular pathways involved in KRAS-associated tumorigenesis.
The key role of the youth in ongoing HIV-transmission: a community-based survey in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Conan Nolwenn , Farhat Jihane Ben , Ohler Liesbet , Kenyon Chris , vanCutsem Gilles , Huerga Helena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

New HIV infections among adults have decreased in the last ten years in high HIV prevalent countries. However, some groups of the population remain at high risk of HIV infection. We assessed the relation between sexual behavior, HIV awareness, antiretroviral therapy (ART) intake and viral suppression, and the age-gender groups the most at risk of maintaining HIV transmission in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We performed an analysis, using data from participants aged 15–59 years of a population-based survey conducted in 2018. In total, 862 HIV-positive individuals were included, 10.1% were unaware of their HIV status, 15.8% not on ART and 16.3% virally unsuppressed. Overall, 10.6% had a high or very high risk of sexually transmitting HIV. Of them, 42.0% were women aged 20–34 years and 39.8% men aged 20–59 years, 50.0% were unaware of their status and 76.1% not on ART. Of the 2.3% individuals at very high risk of transmission, 68.4% were men aged 20–59 years. Efforts to increase HIV diagnosis, to detect early ART treatment failure, to provide enhanced adherence support and second- or third-line ART, as well as to promote behavioral-risk reduction interventions, are needed to reduce the pool of individuals at high risk of transmitting HIV.
Coal gangue as an efficient absorber for X-band applications
Authors: Zhu Chuanlei , Gao Shengtao , Zhang Yuanchun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Coal mining generates coal gangue (CG), whose poses considerable ecological challenges. Therefore, using CG in the preparation of electromagnetic wave (EMW)-absorbing materials has emerged as a promising approach for its high-value utilization. In this study, CG was dried and ball-milled. The microscopic morphology, element composition, elemental chemical state, and thermal stability of CG were characterized analyses. The EMW absorption performance of CG in the X-band was tested at filling ratios of 10%, 20%, and 40%. The results showed that CG mainly consisted of SiO2, Al2O3, and C. The CG/paraffin absorber exhibited strong reflection loss (RL) at a relatively thin thickness. When the thickness of the CG/paraffin absorber was 4.0 mm, the minimum RL reached − 50.2 dB at 8.8 GHz. The simulation results of the radar cross section showed that the absorbing coating can reduce EMW scattering on a perfectly conductive substrate, which renders it promising as an excellent EMW-absorbing material.
Targeting N4BP2L1 for Therapy in IPF and SSc-ILD: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization and Multi-Omics Analysis
Authors: Lv Xiaodi , Tang Weifeng , Ou Silin , Yang Fangyong , Wang Wenqian , Duan Xiaohong , Wei Ying 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are paradigmatic conditions characterized by similar pathogenic mechanisms involving inflammation and fibrosis. Both disorders present considerable challenges due to their elevated mortality rates and the difficulty in identifying effective treatments. Consequently, it is imperative to explore potential targets and deepen our understanding of the initiation and progression of these diseases.
Methods: To address this, we utilized a combination of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, and other multi-omics analysis.
Results: Our investigation confirmed the involvement of N4BP2L1 in CD8+ effector T (Teff) cells and its causal relationship with SSc-ILD. Subsequent multi-omics analyses were conducted to validate the role of N4BP2L1+ CD8+ Teff cells in the pathogenesis of both IPF and SSc-ILD. Through enrichment analysis, we unveiled the complex interplay among programmed necrosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, highlighting their pivotal role in modulating the activity of N4BP2L1+ CD8+ Teff cells.
Conclusions: In essence, the heightened activity of N4BP2L1+ CD8+ Teff cells is implicated in the development of inflammation, fibrosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), emphasizing its significance in the pathogenesis of both SSc-ILD and IPF.
Component Selection and Optimization of Solar Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Low Heat Temperature or Industrial Waste Heat
Authors: TENBA RINCHIN SONAM , Deb Bharat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The increasing concerns over fuel prices and global warming have propelled the engineering industry to explore innovative solutions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy efficiency. Among these solutions, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has emerged as a promising technology for low to medium temperature waste heat recovery in industrial processes. ORC offers advantages such as low capital cost, small size, easy maintenance, and the ability to convert low-grade heat into electricity.
This paper delves into the significance of ORC in addressing environmental challenges and improving production efficiency. It highlights the growing attention towards low-temperature waste heat recovery and emphasizes the ORC's role in converting heat into usable electrical energy. The benefits of ORC span industrial waste heat recovery, harnessing renewable energies, and low-power heat generation, making it an economically viable and environmentally friendly solution.
The study includes simulation results using DWSIM simulation software, presenting data on heat flow at different pressures for various working fluids. The analysis offers insights into the variation of heat flow with pressure, optimal operating conditions, and the stability of heat flow for each fluid. Additionally, the paper discusses the potential applications of ORC in rural electrification and its contribution to the renewable energy mix.
Furthermore, the research explores the benefits of ORC in different industries, such as refrigeration and air conditioning, and provides data on overall efficiency under different conditions. The findings indicate the potential for ORC to be utilized in diverse settings, including solar thermal, biomass, and geothermal applications.
The study concludes with an examination of SORC (Sorption Organic Rankine Cycle) efficiency for different working fluids under varying turbine inlet conditions. The analysis reveals the influence of turbine inlet pressure and temperature on efficiency, offering valuable insights for the optimization of ORC systems.
Developing conceptions of forgiveness across the lifespan
Authors: McLaughlin Abby , Marshall Julia , McAuliffe Katherine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Understanding how to respond to transgressions is central to cooperation, yet little is known about how individuals understand the consequences of these responses. Accordingly, the current study explored children’s (ages 5-9), adolescents’ (ages 11-14), and adults’ (N = 544, predominantly White, ~50% female, tested in 2021) understandings of three such responses¾forgiveness, punishment, and doing nothing. At all ages, participants differentiated between the consequences of these three responses. Forgiveness was associated with more positive and fewer negative outcomes, while the opposite was true for punishment and doing nothing. With age, participants were less likely to expect positive outcomes, and this effect was strongest for punishment and doing nothing. The results of this study allow novel insights into reasoning about three important response strategies.
Are there interindividual differences in the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast? A replicate crossover trial
Authors: Gonzalez Javier T. , Lolli Lorenzo , Veasey Rachel C. , Rumbold Penny L.S. , Betts James A. , Stevenson Emma J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Following consumption of a meal, circulating glucose concentrations can rise and then fall briefly below the basal/fasting concentrations. This phenomenon is known as reactive hypoglycaemia but to date no study explored potential inter-individual differences in response to meal consumption.
Objective
We conducted a secondary analysis of existing data to examine inter-individual variability of reactive hypoglycaemia in response to breakfast consumption.
Methods
Using a replicate crossover design, 12 healthy men completed two identical control (continued overnight fasting) and two breakfast (444 kcal) conditions in randomised sequences. Blood glucose and lactate concentrations, serum insulin and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations, whole-body energy expenditure, carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates, and appetite ratings were determined before and 2 hours after the interventions. Inter-individual differences were explored using Pearson’s product-moment correlations between the first and second replicates of the control-adjusted breakfast response. Within-participant covariate-adjusted linear mixed models and a random-effects meta-analytical approach were used to quantify participant-by-condition interactions.
Results
Breakfast consumption lowered 2-h blood glucose 0.44 mmol/L (95%CI: 0.76 to 0.12 mmol/L) and serum NEFA concentrations, whilst increasing blood lactate and serum insulin concentrations (all p < 0.01). Large, positive correlations were observed between the first and second replicates of the control-adjusted insulin, lactate, hunger, and satisfaction responses to breakfast consumption (all r > 0.5, 90%CI ranged from 0.03 to 0.91). The participant-by-condition interaction response variability (SD) for serum insulin concentration was 11 pmol/L (95%CI: 5 to 16 pmol/L), which was consistent with the τ-statistic from the random-effects meta-analysis (11.7 pmol/L, 95%CI 7.0 to 22.2 pmol/L) whereas effects were unclear for other outcome variables (e.g., τ-statistic value for glucose: 0 mmol/L, 95%CI 0.0 to 0.5 mmol/L).
Conclusions
Despite observing reactive hypoglycaemia at the group level, we were unable to detect any meaningful inter-individual variability of the reactive hypoglycaemia response to breakfast. There was, however, evidence that 2-h insulin responses to breakfast display meaningful inter-individual variability, which may be explained by relative carbohydrate dose ingested and variation in insulin sensitivity of participants.
How informal water supply points using private wells worked in an emergency: A quantitative evaluation
Authors: Endo Takahiro 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The effectiveness of an emergency water supply using private wells has been asserted theoretically but not evaluated in detail. This paper aims to consider the effectiveness and shortcomings of emergency water supply based on local wells and to support policy formulation regarding groundwater usage in the event of a disaster. In Kamisu City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, not only public-operated formal water supply points using water trucks but also informal water supply points using private wells were open to address water outages following the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011. This study clarified the pattern of appearance and spatial distribution of those points by combining information from local newspapers, Internet archives, and an original questionnaire survey. In addition, the function of informal water supply points was quantitatively evaluated using GIS by comparing cases with and without informal water supply points. Analysis revealed that informal water supply points expanded the size of the serviced population within a 500-m radius of the water supply points by 47%, compared with cases when only formal water supply points were available. However, well water was not necessarily suitable for drinking owing to quality issues. As a policy lesson, the importance of sharing well information is indicated.
Efficient oil–water emulsion separation using chitosan hydrogel-coated aluminium electrodes
Authors: Bairagi Anup Kumar , Puthiyonnan Rahul Raj , Mohapatra Soumya Sanjeeb , Sahoo Abanti 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The escalating consumption of crude oil, driven by rapid industrialization, poses a significant threat to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Addressing the treatment of oily wastewater is imperative, given the environmental consequences and the loss of oil feedstock. Methods such as centrifugation, gravity separation, and chemical–physical membrane separation have limitations in handling stable emulsions, especially microemulsions present in water. In this study, we present an innovative approach utilizing electricity for the coagulation process. Electrocoagulation is employed, and the resulting oil particles are efficiently removed through low-tech physical methods such as sedimentation and filtration. To enhance efficiency and reusability, we introduce chitosan hydrogel-coated aluminium electrodes in the electrocoagulation process. The research demonstrates remarkable success, achieving a 99% efficiency in separating artificial oil–water emulsions. Optimal separation (95.85%) is achieved at a 10 mm inter-electrode distance, and efficiency increases with higher oil content, longer electrocoagulation time (up to 99.15% at 60 min), and increased voltage (up to 85% at 50 V). The chitosan-coated electrodes offer a sustainable and cost-effective solution by improving reusability and mitigating the need for frequent changes. These findings underscore the significance of electrocoagulation, particularly with chitosan-coated aluminium electrodes, as an efficient and eco-friendly method crucial for addressing oil removal in industrial processes.
Reusing drainage water for leaching of saline and sodic soils in the Khuzestan province, Iran
Authors: Shahrayini Elham , Ebrahimi Eisa , Kamyab Taraneh , Asilianmahabadi Aliakbar , Hamid Arieann Ali , Amirinejad Aliashraf 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing drainage water for reclamation of saline and sodic soils in the Dosalagh plain of Khuzestan province, Iran. With significant drainage water generated in the region's irrigation networks, repurposing it for soil reclamation emerges is a low-risk strategy. Leaching, a practical technique for soil desalination, was examined using the double ring method at depths up to 150 cm. Four water qualities (electrical conductivities of 2.12, 7, 25 and 40 dS m−1) and depths (0, 25, 50 and 75 cm) were tested, with intermittent leaching over three cycles. Results indicate a substantial reduction in electrical conductivity (117.7 to 29 dS m−1) and sodium content (1415.9 to 39.83 mEq L−1) at the 0-25 cm depth with drainage water incorporation. The study highlights the beneficial impact on soil quality, emphasizing decreased sodium content, sodium adsorption ratio, and electrical conductivity. Overall, reusing drainage water proves advantageous for soils with high salinity levels, showcasing its potential for sustainable soil management in saline regions. This research underscores the importance of effective drainage water management for soil reclamation and agricultural sustainability in arid regions like Khuzestan province.
Prediction of water consumption in Beijing based on the multi-variable grey model with adjacent accumulation
Authors: Wang Dong , Liu Zhen , Zhang Dandan , Liu Xin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

With the rapid development of the social economy, the importance of water resources is becoming increasingly prominent. Urban water demand in Beijing has been growing rapidly. Accurate water consumption forecasting is of utmost importance for reasonable allocation and optimization of water supply systems. In this study, an innovative multi-variable grey prediction model with adjacent accumulation (AOGM(1,N)) is proposed to predict Beijing's annual water consumption for four different water usage scenarios (domestic water, agricultural water, industrial water, and environmental water) by incorporating the adjacent accumulation into the optimized grey model. Grey relational analysis is used to select the key influence factors. The adjustable parameter of the prediction model is chosen by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. By comparing with other models in the existing literature, the proposed AOGM(1,N) model has evidently superior prediction performance based on the error indicators, which supports the novel method's merits and validity. This study could help us better understand water usage and be applied to the planning and management problems of urban water supply systems.
Clinical Utility and Usability of the Digital Box and Block Test: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Prochaska Eveline , Ammenwerth Elske 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The Box and Block Test (BBT) is a clinical tool used to measure hand dexterity, which is often used for tracking disease progression or the effectiveness of therapy, particularly benefiting older adults and those with neurological conditions. Digitizing the measurement of hand function may enhance the quality of data collection. We have developed and validated a prototype that digitizes this test, known as the digital BBT (dBBT), which automatically measures time and determines and displays the test result.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility and usability of the newly developed dBBT and to collect suggestions for future improvements.

Methods
A total of 4 occupational therapists participated in our study. To evaluate the clinical utility, we compared the dBBT to the BBT across dimensions such as acceptance, portability, energy and effort, time, and costs. We observed therapists using the dBBT as a dexterity measurement tool and conducted a quantitative usability questionnaire using the System Usability Scale (SUS), along with a focus group. Evaluative, structured, and qualitative content analysis was used for the qualitative data, whereas quantitative analysis was applied to questionnaire data. The qualitative and quantitative data were merged and analyzed using a convergent mixed methods approach.

Results
Overall, the results of the evaluative content analysis suggested that the dBBT had a better clinical utility than the original BBT, with ratings of all collected participant statements for the dBBT being 45% (45/99) equal to, 48% (48/99) better than, and 6% (6/99) lesser than the BBT. Particularly in the subcategories “acceptance,” “time required for evaluation,” and “purchase costs,” the dBBT was rated as being better than the original BBT. The dBBT achieved a mean SUS score of 83 (95% CI 76-96). Additionally, several suggested changes to the system were identified.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated an overall positive evaluation of the clinical utility and usability of the dBBT. Valuable insights were gathered for future system iterations. These pioneering results highlight the potential of digitizing hand dexterity assessments.