bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lead exposure in pheochromocytoma cells induces persistent changes in amyloid precursor protein gene methylation patterns
Authors: Li Yuan‐Yuan , Chen Tian , Wan Yanjian , Xu Shun‐qing 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIt has been suggested that lead (Pb) exposure in early life may increase amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression and promote the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in old age. The current study examined whether the DNA methylation patterns of APP gene in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells changed after Pb acetate exposure. Undifferentiated PC12 cells were exposed to three doses of Pb acetate (50, 250, and 500 nM) and one control for 2 days or 1 week. The methylation patterns of APP promoter and global DNA methylation were analyzed. The DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression and the level of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) were also investigated. The results showed that the exposure of the three concentrations of Pb acetate could make the APP promoter hypomethylated. The global DNA methylation level and the expression of DNMT1 were changed in the 500 nM group after 2 days exposure and in the 250 and 500 nM group after 7 days exposure. Thus, Pb may exert neurotoxic effects through mechanisms that alter the global and promoter methylation patterns of APP gene. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.
Exploring internal and external supply chain linkages: Evidence from the field
Authors: Barratt Mark , Barratt Ruth 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn their pursuit of improved operational performance, organizations in supply chains have sought to develop external information‐based linkages with their customers and vendors. Has this course of action been at the expense of developing similar internal information‐based linkages? This research explores the specific roles of internal and external information‐based linkages in achieving improved operational performance. Based on a single case study that comprises a supply chain containing twenty‐four internal and fourteen external linkages this research develops a series of propositions. We find that the individual internal linkages may be useful for extending externally derived visibility, and for addressing to some extent, “structural holes” in the supply chain. Additionally, to extend visibility across the entire supply chain, organizations need to recognize the combining role of internal and external information‐based linkages. Finally we offer some thoughts for future research in this area.
Best practice interventions: Short‐term impact and long‐term outcomes
Authors: Done Adrian , Voss Chris , Rytter Niels Gorm 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper uses empirical field research to examine whether short‐term best practice interventions (BPIs) can lead to improvements that are sustained in the long term. In addition, this research investigates the implied conflict between striving for short‐term results and achieving long‐term development of capabilities. It also examines the tension between the lack of resources of the typical small and medium sized enterprise (SME) users of BPIs and the time required to develop a critical mass of capability. A longitudinal case‐based study of eight SME contexts examined BPI outcomes and factors leading to short‐ and long‐term success and sustaining best practices. The research identifies factors related to the intervention context, implementation and change‐agent approach. The data indicate that in resource‐limited SMEs BPIs are limited in their ability to develop adequate capability for long‐term change.
The development and application of a process model for R&D project management in a high tech firm: A field study
Authors: Verma Devesh , Mishra Anant , Sinha Kingshuk K. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn R&D organizations of high tech firms, multiple R&D projects are executed concurrently and timeliness of project completion – i.e., developing the right products at the right times – is a matter of serious concern. Given that the priority of R&D projects and the interdependencies between the projects in a high tech firm change dynamically, high tech R&D project management is a complex and challenging endeavor. To improve the understanding and management of high tech R&D projects, this paper reports the findings of a field study where we, first, develop and empirically estimate a model that relates project priority over time with the generative mechanisms of market pull and technical challenge associated with R&D projects. Next, we develop and demonstrate the application of a process model within which the time‐varying project priority model is embedded. The process model makes it possible to allocate fixed resources among competing projects with time‐varying interdependencies, thereby improving the timeliness of project completion. This research was conducted in collaboration with a major U.S. high tech firm. The corporate R&D center of the firm served as the research setting for the field study. We present an application of the process model to delineate the evolution of the R&D organization with the merger of its (technology driven) parent firm with another (market driven) high tech manufacturing firm. The application of the process model generates theoretical insights that are used to develop testable propositions. Implications of the study findings and directions for future research are discussed.
Toward a theory of managing context in Six Sigma process‐improvement projects: An action research investigation⋆
Authors: Nair Anand , Malhotra Manoj K. , Ahire Sanjay L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, field studies, extant literature, and domain knowledge are used to develop a theory of managing context in Six Sigma process‐improvement projects. By means of a participatory action research investigation involving ten projects in manufacturing and service firms, this paper examines the interrelationship among project context, elements, and success. Rich text‐based information for each project was analyzed for the underlying patterns and relationships using the NVIVO 8 qualitative data analysis software package. The insights gained from this in‐depth field investigation are presented in the form of 12 inductively derived research propositions that, when taken together, uniquely contribute to context‐based theory‐building in this area.
The Identity Maintenance Work of Family Members of Persons with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: MacRae Hazel 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTDrawing on a qualitative study of families' experience with Alzheimer's disease, this paper examines family members' reaction to identity transformation or loss of self in the afflicted loved one, using a symbolic interactionist perspective. The findings show that family members find this aspect of the disease emotionally stressful. Refusing to let go of what remains of the loved one's former self, they employ a number of strategies in an effort to protect her/his social and self-identity. These strategies include concealing information, medicalizing inappropriate behaviour, fostering independence, managing appearance, and perceiving selectively.
Would I Share a Home with an Elderly Parent? Exploring Ethnocultural Diversity and Intergenerational Support Relations during Young Adulthood
Authors: Mitchell Barbara A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper provides an exploratory analysis of ethnocultural diversity and intergenerational support, examining factors that shape the attitudes of young adults toward sharing a home with an elderly parent. Data are drawn from a random sample of 565 young adults aged 19 to 35 living in the Greater Vancouver Regional District, whose primary ethnic identity is as members of one of three groups: British-, Chinese-, and Indo-Canadian. Utilizing a comparative, cross-cultural approach and logistic regression procedures, the study found the likelihood of young adults' expressing favourable attitudes to caregiving to be influenced by several factors associated with collectivistic systems of caregiving. Noteworthy is the finding that, after controlling for ethnocultural and socio-demographic factors, the best predictor of co-residence attitudes is the quality of a child's relationship with her/his mother. Findings are discussed with regard to their implications for intergenerational relations and support for aging families.
La recherche avec les groupes d'entraide: les difficultés méthodologiques et les défis
Authors: Lavoie Francine , Dufort Francine 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to review the difficulties associated with measuring self-help groups for what they are, and the methodology used. This report identifies issues inherent to research on self-help groups for the elderly. Elderly group participants sharing a common problem and meeting to discuss it without the benefit of professional support will, without doubt, become a more and more prevalent resource for use in the future. Consequently, it is imperative to ascertain which questions the researchers should be asking. Three research objectives are described: descriptive studies, process examination and the assessment of outcomes considered relevant to self-help groups. The discussion addresses three types of objects under study: the group participants, the group itself and the interorganizational ties established by the group, particularly in dealing with health service agencies.
Improving Attitudes Toward Elderly People: Evaluation of an Intervention Program for Adolescents
Authors: Dooley Stephen , Frankel B. Gail 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIn an experimental evaluation of a “friendly visitor” type of program in which adolescents visited senior citizens, it was found that general attitudes toward elderly people (measured by the Semantic Differential developed by Rosencranz and McNevin) improved following weekly contact with specific elderly persons. One of the weaknesses in research on this type of intervention has been the assumption that the quality of the contact was uniform, and the impact of quality was rarely assessed. In the present study, the perceived quality of the experience was found to have a significant impact on improving attitudes. Programs such as the one evaluated here can, therefore, have two outcomes: the provision of service to elderly individuals and the change of negative attitudes toward elderly people.
Perceived Cognitive Ability of Young and Old Targets
Authors: Hendrick Jennifer J. , Jane Knox V. , Gekoski William L. , Dyne Kate J. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTIn the first of two experiments designed to investigate perceived cognitive abilities of young and old targets, 80 female undergraduates estimated the performance of either a young or an old target on several subtests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS; Wechsler, 1955). Experiment 2, with 120 respondents, extended Experiment 1 to include respondent sex and target sex variables, and additional WAIS subtests. The results of the two experiments suggest a highly differentiated view of cognitive abilities. On subtests related primarily to memory and psychomotor speed, the old targets were seen as less cognitively able than the young targets. On a subtest assessing practical judgment and common sense old targets were seen as superior to young targets. On subtests assessing computational abilities and logical abstractive thinking no reliable target age differences were found. Neither target sex nor respondent sex played a substantial role in target age perceptions. Compared to available norms estimates xvere unrealistically generous, particularly in the case of older adults. However the pattern of estimates across cognitive abilities reflected, to a substantial degree, the age-related differences in the norms.
Serial Employment and Skinny Government: Reforming Caring and Sharing Among Generations
Authors: McDaniel Susan A. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCe document s'est posé comme défi d'examiner les données démographiques qui sous-tendent l'adoption de mesures sociales dans un Canada vieillissant en fonction du sexe, de la famille et des générations. Après un bref coup d'oeil sur les changements et les défis auxquels doit faire face le pays et un rapprochement avec ce qui se produit aux États-Unis et dans quelques pays d'Europe sur le même plan, on a introduit le concept analytique des «cycles de dépendance et de responsabilités de la vie» pour examiner le déplacement des fondements de sécurité en regard des générations (concentration sur six cohortes) et, plus particulièrement, les conséquences de l'adoption de nouvelles mesures sociales visant les aînés, sur les femmes, les défavorisés et les aînés démunis.
Getting There: Mapping the Gendered Geography of Caregiving to Elderly Relatives
Authors: Hallman Bonnie C. , Joseph Alun E. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCet article poursuit une analyse déjà effectuée sur les soins aux membres âgés de la famille (Joseph & Hallman, 1996), en examinant de plus près les incidences de temps et de distance entre ceux qui soignent et les personnes âgées qui reçoivent les soins. Nous posons l'hypothèse qu'une étude plus approfondie d'un comportement social fortement axé sur le sexe (soins aux personnes âgées) et d'un fonctionnement distinct sur le plan du temps et de l'espace fera ressortir des comportements éminemment différents entre les hommes et les femmes. L'analyse des données provenant de deux enquêtes connexes du Réseau canadien de recherche sur le vieillissement laisse entendre que les soignants, hommes ou femmes, fournissent une assistance dans des contextes d'espace-temps différents. Les femmes font preuve d'un engagement plus grand lorsqu'elles dispensent des soins et voyagent afin de fournir une assistance. Elles adoptent un comportement défiant la distance qui se traduit par le recours au déménagement pour modifier l'espace-temps et améliorer les soins. À l'opposé, les hommes qui dispensent des soins sont plus sensibles aux limites imposées par l'espace-temps et auront moins souvent recours au déplacement des aîné(e)s soigné(e)s. Cet article se termine par une discussion, inspirée de commentaires de soignants, et portant sur les effets négatifs de l'engagement auprès de personnes âgées, surtout sur les effets perçus du temps pour les autres relations familiales.
The Older Cyclist: Anthropometric, Physiological, and Psychosocial Changes Observed During a Trans-Canada Cycle Tour
Authors: Mittleman Karen , Crawford Susan , Holliday Stephen , Gutman Gloria , Bhakthan Gordon 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTA group of Canadian senior citizens (n = 22) who bicycled 7700 km across Canada, from Victoria, B.C. to St. Johns, Newfoundland, over 100 days in the summer of 1983 were the subjects of this study. Each was tested on three occasions: 2 days prior to commencement of the tour, at the geographical mid-point of the tour and within 2 days of tour completion. Comprehensive anthropometric data were collected along with evaluation of fitness and blood chemistry on all three testing occasions. Participants were also asked a series of questions designed to ascertain positive and negative psycho-social experiences and to assess their anxiety level. Generally the cyclists reated well to the tour, exhibiting objective evidence of increased fitness in the absence of negative physical or psychological changes. Self-report data indicated that subjects generally enjoyed the tour, felt their endurance had increased, and perceived other improvements such as increased self-confidence, reduced anxiety, and improved appetite.
Validité de la Mesure de l'Indépendance Fonctionnelle (MIF) pour les personnes âgées suivies en réadapation
Authors: Demers Louise , Giroux Francine 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was developed to assess the burden of care of persons receiving rehabilitation services in regard to self-care activities and social and cognitive skills. Until now, no study has evaluated the validity of the FIM with the elderly without distinction of diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the MIF's factorial structure using a principal components analysis. As a secondary goal, the predictive validity and the internal consistency of the instrument were also examined. Data collected from 120 subjects generated a solution consisting of three factors accounting for 67.6 per cent of the total variance. The first factor (46.6%) represents the handicap concept, the second factor (14.7%) measures disability and the third factor (6.3%) represents disability with a major component of physical involvement of lower extremities. The results of this analysis confirm the multidimensional structure of the FIM and reveal the possibility of a third factor for the elderly. With this population, internal consistency of the instrument, obtained from admission and discharge data, is estimated at 0.92 and 0.96 with Cronbach's alpha. Total FIM score at discharge as well as items related to the handicap factor as measured on admission allow us to correctly predict place of discharge in a proportion of 72.9 per cent of the cases. These results indicate that the FIM bears an interesting potential for measuring rehabilitation outcomes for the elderly.
Autonomy and Advance Directives
Authors: Boetzkes Elisabeth 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉL'auteur de cet article soutient que la prise de décisions par les aînés à propos de la nature future des soins de la santé qui leur sont destinés devrait être accueillie avee scepticisme étant donné qu'elle se produit dans un contexte de coercition prononcée. Une telle coercition existe quand il y a déséquilibre des pouvoirs et une dépendence entre les groupes, quand les attentes sociales influencent excessivement les décisions et quand les stérérotypes négatifs résultent en une faible estime de soi. Des cas parallèles, caractérisés par une coercition prononcée, sont présentés. Plutôt que de conclure que les aînés ne peuvent jamais prendre volontairement de décisions, l'auteur suggère d'éliminer ce scepticisme en établissant l'authenticité des désirs motivant leurs choix en matière de soins de santé. Trois théories de désirs authentiques sont examinées, puis considérées inadéquates, mais une quatrième, soit « l'approche autobiographique, » qui exige que nous révélions les métaphores personnelles de la vie et du vieillissement des aînés, est jugée plus prometteuse.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypothyroidism: Findings from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging
Authors: Krueger Paul D. , Raina Parminder , Braun E. Anne , Patterson Christopher , Chambers Larry W. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉCette recherche visait à déterminer la prévalence et les facteurs de risque de l'hypothyroïdie primaire, dans un échantillonnage d'aîné(e)s canadien(ne)s.L'Étude sur la santé et le vieillissement au Canada(ESVC) portait sur les aîné(e)s vivant à la maison et dans des établissements de soins de longue durée (n= 10,263). On a effectué un examen clinique de 2 014 aîné(e)s et on a mesuré les niveaux de TRH de 1415 d'entre eux. On a divisé les dix provinces canadiennes en cinq régions géographiques (Atlantique, Québec, Ontario, Prairies et Colombie-Britannique). On a retenu seulement ceux qui avaient subi un examen clinique (n= 2 914). Les aîné(e)s souffrant d'hypothyroïdie étaient ceux qui prenaient des hormone substitutives ou les aîné(e)s dont le degré de TRH était supérieur à 10 mU/L. On a estimé à 9,6 pour cent le nombre d'aîné(e)s souffrant d'hypothyroïdie; 5,1 pour cent n'étaient pas soignés de façon appropriée et 2,1 pour cent n'étaient pas du tout soignés. L'âge, le sexe, les antécédents culturels, l'origine géographique et le lieu de résidence constituaient des facteurs de risque de l'hypothyroïdie. On a conclu que l'hypothyroïdie est un problèms inherent à ce groupe.
Anthropometric Indices and Their Correlates in Cognitively-Intact and Elderly Canadians with Dementia
Authors: Shatenstein Bryna , Kergoat Marie-Jeanne , Nadon Sylvie 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉLes mesures anthropométriques reflètent l'état nutritionnel. Cette recherche a examiné les données provenant de Canadien(ne)s âgé(e)s ayant participé à la première phase de l'Étude sur la santé et le vieillissement au Canada (CSHA-1). Le poids et la taille furent mesurés chez 1 464 personnes vivant dans la communauté et 963 individus en institution. Les sujets institutionnalisés avaient un poids corporel inférieur à ceux vivant en communauté (59,1 ± 13,8 kg. vs. 65,1 ± 14,1 kg.); ils étaient plus petits (160,4 ± 10.1 cm vs. 162,6 ± 10 cm), et leur IMC étaient plus bas (23,3 ± 5,0 vs. 24,6 ± 4,5) (p< .001). Les valeurs anthropométriques furent plus basses chez les femmes, et diminuaient progressivement avec l'âge. Les Québécois avaient une taille plus petite et un poids corporel inférieur à ceux des Canadiens vivant ailleurs. Les mesures anthropométriques ont diminué suivant le diagnostic cognitif, en allant de normal, à «deficit cognitif sans démence» (CIND), à dément; les participants atteints de la démence de type Alzheimer avaient les poids corporels les plus bas. Les facteurs associés au poids corporel étaient différents parmi les participants vivant dans la communauté et en institution.
Bone Measurement, Physical Activity and the Aging Skeleton
Authors: McCulloch Robert G. 
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉDe nombreuses recherches sur l'ostéoporose ont récemment été axées sur la prévention de la diminution de la densité osseuse à un âge avancé. Chercheurs et cliniciens peuvent maintenant mesurer avec précision les effets des thérapies et des traitements de prévention sur le squelette. L'activité physique régulière est donc suggérée comme étant l'une des mesures importantes au maintien de la densité osseuse et à la prévention de l'ostéoporose. Cet article passe en revue les techniques quantitatives permettant d'évaluer la densité osseuse et donne un aperçu des récentes enquêtes transversales et longitudinales reliées aux bienfaits possibles de l'activité physique sur le squelette vieillissant.
Appropriation spatiale et territoriale de la chambre en maison de retraite
Authors: Rioux Liliane , Fouquereau Evelyne 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis exploratory survey aimed at determining the spatial and territorial factors used by elderly people when entering an old people's home and illustrating how these variables could be referred to two spatial and territorial appropriation processes. One hundred and two residents were asked to describe their rooms and to fill in a life satisfaction rating scale adapted by Blais, Vallerand, Pelletier and Brière (1989). The findings highlighted two distinct appropriation processes, that is to say a spatial appropriation-disappropriation process and a territorial disappropriation-reappropriation one. The respective predictors of these two processes are on the one hand the life satisfaction ratio, age and sex; and on the other hand the representation the elderly person has of his/her own autonomy as well as the evaluation of the gap between the elderly person's satisfaction with his/her past and present life.