bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Parent–Child Relations in Adolescence and Later Adult Parenting Outcomes
Authors: Friesen Myron D. , Woodward Lianne J. , Horwood L. John , Fergusson David M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractData from the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a 30‐year prospective longitudinal study, were used to examine the associations between the quality of parent–child relations in adolescence and adult parenting behaviour 15 years later. At ages 14 and 15 years, cohort members were interviewed about the quality of their relationship with their parents. At age 30, those who had become parents underwent a parenting assessment using self‐report and observational ratings of positive (warmth, sensitivity) and negative parenting (overreactive, inconsistency, and physical punishment/abuse). Results showed that adolescents who reported higher quality parent–child relationships were later characterized by higher levels of parental warmth, sensitivity, and effective child management, and lower levels of overreactive parenting. These associations remained after extensive covariate adjustment. Study findings highlight the importance of close parent–child relations during adolescence in preparing an individual for the challenges of caring for and parenting their own children when they themselves become parents.
Say ‘trouble’s gone’: chronic illness and employability in job training programmes
Authors: Tsui Emma K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe concept of biographical disruption has unique relevance for socioeconomically disadvantaged groups who participate in entry‐level job training programmes. In these programmes trainees often suffer from various forms of chronic illness and must arrange these illnesses into a picture of employability. In this article I use ethnographic data and narrative analysis to examine closely two trainees’ illness‐related experiences, expressions and talk, and find that their ability to present their illnesses in ways that are consistent with programmatic goals is strongly influenced by family support, responsibilities and roles, as well as particular aspects of illness, like the interpretability of symptoms. I also find that the concept of biographical disruption has a curious traction in the world of job training, particularly among job training programme staff who would like to see trainees mobilise a variety of resources to help manage their illness. However, for trainees, many of whom have lived with chronic illness for years, the concept of biographical disruption may be more limited as a tool for understanding the experiences of illness. A more meaningful disruptive force in the lives of trainees appears to be the programme itself and the strategies for dealing with illness that programme staff may extend.
The system epilepsies: A pathophysiological hypothesis
Authors: Avanzini Giuliano , Manganotti Paolo , Meletti Stefano , Moshé Solomon L. , Panzica Ferruccio , Wolf Peter , Capovilla Giuseppe 
Published: April 2012

SummaryWe postulate that “system epilepsies” (SystE) are due to an enduring propensity to generate seizures of functionally characterized brain systems. Data supporting this hypothesis—that some types of epilepsy depend on the dysfunction of specific neural systems—are reviewed. The SystE hypothesis may drive pathophysiologic and clinical studies that can advance our understanding of epilepsies and can open up new therapeutic perspectives.
Abnormalities of granule cell dendritic structure are a prominent feature of the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of epilepsy despite reduced postinjury neurogenesis
Authors: Murphy Brian L. , Hofacer Rylon D. , Faulkner Christian N. , Loepke Andreas W. , Danzer Steve C. 
Published: April 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Aberrant plastic changes among adult‐generated hippocampal dentate granule cells are hypothesized to contribute to the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. Changes include formation of basal dendrites projecting into the dentate hilus. Innervation of these processes by granule cell mossy fiber axons leads to the creation of recurrent excitatory circuits within the dentate. The destabilizing effect of these recurrent circuits may contribute to hyperexcitability and seizures. Although basal dendrites have been identified in status epilepticus models of epilepsy associated with increased neurogenesis, we do not know whether similar changes are present in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of epilepsy, which is associated with reduced neurogenesis.Methods:  In the present study, we used Thy1‐YFP–expressing transgenic mice to determine whether hippocampal dentate granule cells develop hilar‐projecting basal dendrites in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model. Brain sections were examined 2 weeks after treatment. Tissue was also examined using ZnT‐3 immunostaining for granule cell mossy fiber terminals to assess recurrent connectivity. Adult neurogenesis was assessed using the proliferative marker Ki‐67 and the immature granule cell marker calretinin.Key Findings:  Significant numbers of cells with basal dendrites were found in this model, but their structure was distinct from basal dendrites seen in other epilepsy models, often ending in complex tufts of short branches and spines. Even more unusual, a subset of cells with basal dendrites had an inverted appearance; they completely lacked apical dendrites. Spines on basal dendrites were found to be apposed to ZnT‐3 immunoreactive puncta, suggestive of recurrent mossy fiber input. Finally, YFP‐expressing abnormal granule cells did not colocalize Ki‐67 or calretinin, indicating that these cells were more than a few weeks old, but were found almost exclusively in proximity to the neurogenic subgranular zone, where the youngest granule cells are located.Significance:  Recent studies have demonstrated in other models of epilepsy that dentate pathology develops following the aberrant integration of immature, adult‐generated granule cells. Given these findings, one might predict that the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of epilepsy, which is associated with a dramatic reduction in adult neurogenesis, would not exhibit these changes. Herein we demonstrate that hilar basal dendrites are a common feature of this model, with the abnormal cells likely resulting from the disruption of juvenile granule cell born in the weeks before the insult. These studies demonstrate that postinjury neurogenesis is not required for the accumulation of large numbers of abnormal granule cells.
Anatomical location of arterial and venous lines significantly affects motor performance in rats
Authors: OHAYON Sharon , GRUENBAUM Shaun E. , ARTRU Alan A. , BOYKO Matthew , GRUENBAUM Benjamin F. , DUBILET Michael , LEIBOWITZ Akiva , SHAPIRA Yoram , TEICHBERG Vivian I. , ZLOTNIK Alexander 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTSeveral motor‐function scales have been developed to assess neurological function in animal models of stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage and closed head injury. We hypothesize that the location of arterial and venous catheters, even in the absence of brain injury, may impact rats' motor performance. Our study examined the effect of catheter location, rate of infection and the time required for catheter placement. We further describe an original technique of tail artery cannulation without exposure of the artery. Sixty‐one rats were anesthetized and randomly assigned to one of seven groups, including no catheter, tail artery or artery + vein catheters, or femoral artery or artery + vein catheters. A neurological severity score (NSS) was determined at 1 h, 24 h and 48 h after surgical preparation or catheter placement. NSS at 1 h after placement of unilateral and bilateral femoral catheters was higher than the NSS observed at 1 h after placement of tail arterial and venous catheters (P < 0.01). The NSS also was higher at 24 h in the bilateral femoral catheter groups as compared with the tail catheter groups (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the NSS observed between the groups that had tail catheters and the sham group at 1 h, 24 h or 48 h. Infection rate at the site of catheter placement and the time required for catheter placement was also higher in the femoral catheter groups (P < 0.001). Thus, we propose that the line location may bias a study's results and lead to deceptive interpretations of neurological assessment following rat head injury. Compared to femoral vessels, tail blood vessels are preferable locations for lines placement.
Debris discs at centimetre wavelengths: planetesimal populations in young extrasolar Kuiper belts
Authors: Greaves J. S. , Hales A. S. , Mason B. S. , Matthews B. C. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
Two luminous debris discs around 100 Myr old have been searched for 1 cm dust emission, to a depth three times greater than in any such previous study. Very low limits were set towards both HD 377 and HD 104860 (noise levels of 12–14 Jy), extending the spectral range from 70 m to 3 mm where cool dust has previously been sought. The almost-identical fluxes of the two systems were merged into an average spectral energy distribution, which was then fitted using a distribution of grain sizes. The canonical infinite collisional cascade, with numbers of particles n(D) ∝ D−3.5 for diameter D, overpredicts the 1-cm flux, which should have been detected at over 3σ for the merged system. Preferred solutions have truncated grain populations with largest particles around 1.5–4 mm in diameter, and slightly flatter distributions, up to n(D) ∝ D−3.1. The lack of cm-sized and larger particles is reminiscent of the similar deficit inferred around comets from spacecraft encounters. Such departures from simple power-law distributions of particles have been predicted in recent models where some size regimes are more readily broken up than others. A deficit of cm-scale particles can explain the fits we obtain, and reduces the total masses inferred for the comet belts of these stars.
One step beyond: the excursion set approach with correlated steps
Authors: Musso Marcello , Sheth Ravi K. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT
We provide a simple formula that accurately approximates the first crossing distribution of barriers having a wide variety of shapes, by random walks with a wide range of correlations between steps. Special cases of it are useful for estimating halo abundances, evolution and bias, as well as the non-linear counts in cells distribution. We discuss how it can be extended to allow for the dependence of the barrier on quantities other than overdensity, to construct an excursion set model for peaks, and to show why assembly and scale-dependent bias are generic even at the linear level.
Proton‐based chemoradiation for synchronous bilateral non‐small‐cell lung cancers: A case report
Authors: Shi Wenyin , Nichols, Jr Romaine C. , Flampouri Stella , Li Zuofeng , Hsi Wen , Huh Soon , Ho Meng Wei , Henderson Randall H. , Mendenhall Nancy P. , Hoppe Bradford S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this case report, we present the history and treatment of a 70‐year‐old man with synchronous bilateral non‐small‐cell lung cancers with proton‐beam radiation. Surgical treatment was not feasible and optimized photon intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to the primary tumors would have resulted in unacceptably high normal‐tissue exposures. Proton‐beam radiation enabled radiation dose escalation and concurrent chemotherapy while maintaining normal‐tissue tolerance.
Estimating adult sex ratios from bird mist netting data
Authors: Amrhein Valentin , Scaar Bertrand , Baumann Marc , Minéry Nicolas , Binnert Jean‐Paul , Korner‐Nievergelt Fränzi 
Published: April 2012

Summary1. It is increasingly acknowledged that skewed adult sex ratios (ASRs) may play an important role in ecology, evolution and conservation of animals.2. In birds, published estimates on ASRs mostly rely on mist netting data. However, previous studies suggested that mist nets or other trap types provide biased estimates on sex ratios, with males being more susceptible to capture than females.3. We used data from a Constant Effort Site ringing scheme to show how sex ratios that are corrected for sex‐ and year‐specific capture probabilities can be directly estimated by applying capture–recapture analysis, for example, in a Bayesian framework.4. When capture data were pooled from the 19 years of study, we found that in the blackbird (Turdus merula) and the blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), the observed proportions of males were 57% and 55%, respectively. However, when the observed annual proportions of males were corrected for the sex‐specific capture probabilities, the proportions of males did not clearly differ from 50% in most study years, and thus, the apparent male‐bias in the ASRs almost completely disappeared.5. We propose that published estimates on ASRs in birds should be re‐evaluated if based solely on observed sex ratios from mist netting studies.6. We further propose that data from national bird ringing schemes and in particular from Constant Effort Site ringing programs can provide valuable information on ASRs, if analysed using capture–recapture models. We discuss important assumptions of those models; for example, movements that may differ between sexes should be taken into account, as well as the occurrence of transient individuals that do not hold breeding territories within a study site.
Statics and Stiffness
Model of Serial-Parallel Manipulator Formed by k Parallel Manipulators Connected in
Series
Authors: Hu Bo , Yu Jingjing , Lu Yi , Sui Chunping , Han Jianda 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The statics and stiffness model of serial-parallel manipulators (S-PMs) formed by k parallel manipulators (PMs) connected in series is established in this paper. The S-PMs can provide features of both serial manipulators (SMs) and PMs. First, the unified formulae for solving the statics and stiffness of S-PMs are derived. Second, a k(PS + RPS + SPS) S-PM is analyzed to illustrate this model. Finally, an analytic solved example for 5(PS + RPS + SPS) S-PM is given. The established model can offer an essential theoretical basis for S-PMs.
Quantitative study of focused ultrasound enhanced doxorubicin delivery to prostate tumor in vivo with MRI guidance
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Cvetkovic Dusica , Ma C.‐M. , Chen Lili 
Published: April 2012

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of MR‐guided pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) for the enhancement of drug uptake in prostate tumorsin vivo using doxorubicin (Dox).Methods:An antitumor drug Dox, an orthotopic animal prostate tumor model using human prostate cancer, LNCaP cell line, and a clinical FUS treatment system (InSightec ExAblate 2000) with a 1.5T GE MR scanner were used in this study. First, experiments on a tissue mimic phantom to determine the optimal acoustic power and exposure durations with a 10% duty cycle and a 1 Hz pulse rate were performed. The temperature variation was monitored using real‐time MR thermometry. Second, tumor‐bearing animals were treated with pFUS. There were three groups (n = 8/group): group 1 received pFUS + Dox (10 mg/kg i.v. injection immediately after pFUS exposure), group 2 received Dox only (10 mg/kg i.v. injection), and group 3 was a control. Animals were euthanized 2 h after the pFUS treatment. The Dox concentration in the treated tumors was measured by quantifying fluorescent tracers using a fluorometer. Third, the histological changes of tumors with and without pFUS treatments were evaluated. Finally, experiments were performed to study the spatial drug distribution in tumors after the pFUS treatment, in which two animals received pFUS + Dox, two animals received Dox only, and one animal was used as control. Two hours following the treatment, animals were euthanized and processed. The Dox distribution was determined using a fluorescence microscope.Results:Parametric measurements using a tissue phantom showed that the temperature increased with an increasing acoustic power (from 10 to 50 W) or sonication duration (from 10 to 60 s) with a given acoustic frequency of 1 MHz, duty cycle 10%, and pulse rate 1 Hz. A set of ultrasound parameters was identified with which the temperature elevation was less than 5 °C, which was used for nonthermal pFUS sonication. Increased Dox concentration (14.9 ± 2.5 μg/g) was measured in the pFUS‐treated group compared to the Dox‐only group (9.5 ± 1.6 μg/g), indicating an approximate 60% increase withp = 0.05. The results were consistent with the increased spatial drug distributions by fluorescence imaging. Histological analysis showed increased extravasation in pFUS‐treated prostate tumors suggesting increased drug delivery with pFUS.Conclusions:The results showed that pFUS‐enhanced drug uptake in prostate tumors was significant. This increased uptake may be due to increased extravasation by pFUS. Optimal pFUS parameters may exist to maximize the drug uptake, and this study using Dox demonstrated a quantitative method for such systematic parametric studies. In addition, this study may provide useful data for the potential application of pFUS‐mediated Dox delivery for prostate tumor therapy.
Tree macrofossils of Younger Dryas age from Cohoes, New York State, USA
Authors: Miller Norton G. , Griggs Carol B. 
Published: April 2012

Tree macrofossils dating from the middle to end (about 1000 years, ca. 12 600–11 600 cal years BP) of the Younger Dryas chronozone were found in an organic deposit on the southwest side of the Mohawk River, near its junction with the Hudson River in Cohoes, New York, USA. The fossils included substantial wood fragments, associated plant remains, and pollen, which indicate a forest of white spruce ( Picea glauca ), balsam fir ( Abies balsamea ), and tamarack ( Larix laricina ). The presence of white, rather than black ( P. mariana ) or red ( P. rubens ) spruce in the Younger Dryas was probably due to a riparian-type environment, confirmed by its location and American beaver tooth marks on some of the wood fragments. The clusters of wood radiocarbon dates indicate periodic changes in erosion and deposition at the site. One possible but very short decline (temperature reversal?) may be indicated by tree-ring growth, but in general, the ring widths of the trees and their growth responses suggest variable but slowly improving conditions over time, possibly from warming temperatures, before the end of the Younger Dryas.
Inducible Silencing of Protein Kinase D3 Inhibits Secretion of Tumor-Promoting Factors in Prostate Cancer
Authors: LaValle Courtney R. , Zhang Liyong , Xu Shuping , Eiseman Julie L. , Wang Q. Jane 
Published: April 2012

AbstractProtein kinase D (PKD) acts as a major mediator of several signaling pathways related to cancer development. Aberrant PKD expression and activity have been shown in multiple cancers, and novel PKD inhibitors show promising anticancer activities. Despite these advances, the mechanisms through which PKD contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer remain unknown. Here, we establish a novel role for PKD3, the least studied member of the PKD family, in the regulation of prostate cancer cell growth and motility through modulation of secreted tumor-promoting factors. Using both a stable inducible knockdown cell model and a transient knockdown system using multiple siRNAs, we show that silencing of endogenous PKD3 significantly reduces prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, conditioned medium from PKD3-knockdown cells exhibits less migratory potential compared with that from control cells. Further analysis indicated that depletion of PKD3 blocks secretion of multiple key tumor-promoting factors including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and GROα but does not alter mRNA transcript levels for these factors, implying impairment of the secretory pathway. More significantly, inducible depletion of PKD3 in a subcutaneous xenograft model suppresses tumor growth and decreases levels of intratumoral GROα in mice. These data validate PKD3 as a promising therapeutic target in prostate cancer and shed light on the role of secreted tumor-promoting factors in prostate cancer progression. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1389–99. ©2012 AACR.
CDK-4 Inhibitor P276 Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Subramaniam Dharmalingam , Periyasamy Giridharan , Ponnurangam Sivapriya , Chakrabarti Debarshi , Sugumar Aravind , Padigaru Muralidhara , Weir Scott J. , Balakrishnan Arun , Sharma Somesh , Anant Shrikant 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Despite advances in molecular pathogenesis, pancreatic cancer remains a major unsolved health problem. It is a rapidly invasive, metastatic tumor that is resistant to standard therapies. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and mTOR signaling pathways are frequently dysregulated in pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine is the mainstay treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer. P276 is a novel CDK inhibitor that induces G2/M arrest and inhibits tumor growth in vivo models. Here, we determined that P276 sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis, a mechanism-mediated through inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling. In vitro, the combination of P276 and gemcitabine resulted in a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation and colony formation of pancreatic cancer cells but not with normal pancreatic ductal cells. This combination also induced apoptosis, as seen by activated caspase-3 and increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Gene profiling studies showed that this combination downregulated Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, which was confirmed by Western blot analyses. There was also a downregulation of VEGF and interleukin-8 expression suggesting effects on angiogenesis pathway. In vivo, intraperitoneal administration of the P276-Gem combination significantly suppressed the growth of pancreatic cancer tumor xenografts. There was a reduction in CD31-positive blood vessels and reduced VEGF expression, again suggesting an effect on angiogenesis. Taken together, these data suggest that P276-Gem combination is a novel potent therapeutic agent that can target the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit both tumor growth and angiogenesis. Mol Cancer Ther; 11(7); 1598–608. ©2012 AACR.
Risk of Arrhythmia and Sudden Death in Patients With Asymptomatic Preexcitation
Authors: Obeyesekere Manoj N. , Leong-Sit Peter , Massel David , Manlucu Jaimie , Modi Simon , Krahn Andrew D. , Skanes Allan C. , Yee Raymond , Gula Lorne J. , Klein George J. 
Published: April 2012

Background—
The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and the management of this risk in patients with asymptomatic preexcitation remain controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to define the incidence of SCD and supraventricular tachycardia in patients with asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White ECG pattern.

Methods and Results—

We performed a systematic search of prospective, retrospective, randomized, or cohort English-language studies in EMBASE and Medline through February 2011. Studies reporting asymptomatic patients with preexcitation who did not undergo ablation were included. Twenty studies involving 1869 patients met our inclusion criteria. Participants were primarily male with a mean age ranging from 7 to 43 years. Ten SCDs were reported involving 11 722 person-years of follow-up. Seven studies originated from Italy and reported 9 SCDs. The risk of SCD is estimated at 1.25 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–2.19). A total of 156 supraventricular tachycardias were reported involving 9884 person-years from 18 studies. The risk of supraventricular tachycardia was 16 (95% CI, 10–24) events per 1000 person-years of follow-up. Children had numerically higher SCD (1.93 [95% CI, 0.57–4.1] versus 0.86 [95% CI, 0.28–1.75];
P
=0.07) and supraventricular tachycardia (20 [95% CI, 12–31] versus 14 [95% CI, 6–25];
P
=0.38) event rates compared with adults.

Conclusion—
The low incidence of SCD and low risk of supraventricular tachycardia argue against routine invasive management in most asymptomatic patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White ECG pattern.