bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Tyrosine‐Phosphorylated Proteins by Western Blot Analysis
Authors: Sawasdikosol Sansana 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize nearly all of the phosphorylated tyrosine residues, irrespective of the surrounding sequences, enables researchers to detect the phosphorylation state of proteins through the use of anti‐phosphotyrosine western blotting. The availability of this simple, reliable, nonradioactive and yet sensitive method created a boom in signal transduction research. While the methodology of how to perform an anti‐phosphotyrosine western blot remains unchanged since the procedure became widely used in the early part of 1990s, steady improvements in reagents and detection technologies have allowed researchers to detect tyrosine phosphorylation quantitatively, at unprecedented sensitivity. In addition to the improvements in the western blot–based systems, powerful new phosphotyrosine detection platforms, based on proteomic technologies, are emerging rapidly. This unit will describe in detail the steps needed to perform the standard anti‐phosphotyrosine western blot analysis. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 89:11.3.1‐11.3.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Digital Gene Expression by Tag Sequencing on the Illumina Genome Analyzer
Authors: Morrissy Sorana , Zhao Yongjun , Delaney Allen , Asano Jennifer , Dhalla Noreen , Li Irene , McDonald Helen , Pandoh Pawan , Prabhu Anna‐Liisa , Tam Angela , Hirst Martin , Marra Marco 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis unit provides a protocol for performing digital gene expression profiling on the Illumina Genome Analyzer sequencing platform. Tag sequencing (Tag‐seq) is an implementation of the LongSAGE protocol on the Illumina sequencing platform that increases utility while reducing both the cost and time required to generate gene expression profiles. The ultra‐high‐throughput sequencing capability of the Illumina platform allows the cost‐effective generation of libraries containing an average of 20 million tags, a 200‐fold improvement over classical LongSAGE. Tag‐seq has less sequence composition bias, leading to a better representation of AT‐rich tag sequences, and allows a more accurate profiling of a subset of the transcriptome characterized by AT‐rich genes expressed at levels below the threshold of detection of LongSAGE (Morrissy et al., 2009). Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 65:11.11.1‐11.11.36 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Syntactic Iron Foams with Integrated Microglass Bubbles Produced by Means of Metal Powder Injection Moulding
Authors: Weise Jörg , Baumeister Joachim , Yezerska Olga , Salk Natalie , Silva Gabriel Beltrame Derner 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSystematic tests for the production of pure iron (99%) foams with integrated microglass bubbles by means of metal powder injection moulding (MIM) have been carried out with variation of the glass bubble contents. Process parameters were optimized and the resulting materials characterized using density measurements, tensile and compression tests, metallographic sections, and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion behavior of this novel material was characterized using potentiodynamic polarization measurements and immersion tests.
Mechanical Properties of Compound Extruded Aircraft Stringer Profiles Under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Weidenmann Kay A. , Kerscher Eberhard , Hammers Thilo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe worldwide competition in the field of aircraft structures leads to an increasing need for functionality and safety as well as for cost and weight reduction. For instance stringers could be directly welded on the aircraft's skin sheet. The requirements to be met are increased safety against crack initiation and crack growth as well as improved residual strength against failure after harmful impact of foreign objects. The application of continuously reinforced aluminium profiles which are manufactured by compound extrusion leads to increased strength and stiffness of the profiles by combining the aluminium matrix with high strength wires. Thus aircraft stringers of such profiles represent an innovative concept with improved properties. The characterisation of compound extrusions based on medium and high strength aircraft aluminium alloys EN AW‐6056 and EN AW‐2099 shows that a good embedding of the reinforcing high strength wires (Co‐based and Fe‐based) can be achieved. Furthermore the mechanical properties under cyclic loading of the profiles were measured and the S/N‐curves for the different compound combinations were determined. Subsequently the crack initiation and propagation was analysed by using metallographic and SEM investigations. The fatigue resistance of reinforced specimens is increased compared to unreinforced ones. The fatigue cracks originate at the surface of unreinforced specimen while the cracks in reinforced specimens are initiated at the wire–matrix interface.
An X‐ray Spectromicroscopy Study of Albumin Adsorption to Crosslinked Polyethylene Oxide Films
Authors: Leung Bonnie O. , Hitchcock Adam P. , Brash John L. , Scholl Andreas , Doran Andrew 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSynchrotron‐based X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy (X‐PEEM) is used to characterize the near surface composition of polyethylene oxide (PEO) combined with 1.5, 5, and 10 wt.‐% pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) crosslinker. It is found that as the concentration of PETA increases, it becomes the dominant component in the top 10 nm of the film surface. The same surfaces are also exposed to human serum albumin (HSA) and the distributions of the protein relative to PEO and PETA measured with X‐PEEM. A positive correlation is found between levels of PETA and HSA at the surface. Above PETA concentrations of 5 wt.‐%, HSA adsorption is significant, which suggests high levels of PETA (often used to immobilize PEO by crosslinking) can significantly reduce the non‐fouling properties of PEO.
Structural Fabrication and Functional Modulation of Nanoparticle–Polymer Composites
Authors: Zhang Hao , Han Jishu , Yang Bai 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis review article summarizes recent progress in the fabrication methodologies and functional modulations of nanoparticle (NP)–polymer composites. On the basis of the techniques of NP synthesis and surface modification, the fabrication methods of nanocomposites are highlighted; these include surface‐initiated polymerization on NPs, in situ formation of NPs in polymer media, and the incorporation through covalent linkages and supramolecular assemblies. In these examples, polymers are foremost hypothesized as inert hosts that stabilize and integrate the functionalities of NPs, thus improving the macroscopic performance of NPs. Furthermore, due to the unique physicochemical properties of polymers, polymer chains are also dynamic under heating, swelling, and stretching. This creates an opportunity for modulating NP functionalities within the preformed nanocomposites, which will undoubtedly promote the developments of optoelectronic devices, optical materials, and intelligent materials.
On the Trapping of Vinylgold Intermediates
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Ramamurthi Tanuja Dondeti , Rominger Frank 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAn internal aryl‐substituted ortho‐alkynylphenol and a similar aniline with stoichiometric amounts of N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene‐gold tosylate [(IPr)AuOTs] and triethylamine gave the aurated heterocycles as stable intermediates of the corresponding gold(I)‐catalysed hydrooxylation and hydroamination reactions. X‐ray crystal structure analyses of both products could be obtained. A similar internal alkyl‐substituted ortho‐alkynylphenol gave only the cycloisomerised product, no aurated intermediate could be detected.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Halocrotonates: Efficient Synthesis of Versatile Chiral Multifunctional Building Blocks
Authors: den Hartog Tim , Maciá Beatriz , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe highly enantioselective synthesis of α‐methyl‐substituted esters is reported in up to 90% yield and up to 99% ee using copper‐TaniaPhos as chiral catalyst. The transformation proved scalable to at least 6.6 mmol (1.7 g scale). The products of this transformation have been further elaborated to multifunctional building blocks with a single (branched esters and acids) or multiple stereogenic centers (vicinal dimethyl esters, as well as, hydroxy‐ or iodo‐substituted lactones).
Is stabilization of potato price effective? Empirical evidence from the Idaho Russet Burbank potato market
Authors: Bolotova Yuliya , McIntosh Christopher S. , Patterson Paul E. , Muthusamy Kalamani 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHigh fresh potato price volatility, decreasing demand for fresh potatoes, and potato prices below the cost of production led to a decision of a group of Idaho potato growers to organize the United Potato Growers of Idaho, a marketing cooperative. The potato supply management program was developed to coordinate production and marketing of fresh potatoes. To evaluate the effectiveness of this program, the authors examine the level and volatility of Idaho Russet Burbank weekly shipping point prices during two periods: before the cooperative was organized and when the cooperative was in the market. They found empirical evidence suggesting that the analyzed prices were higher and less volatile during the period when the cooperative was in the market. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genomic and clinical characteristics of microduplications in chromosome 17
Authors: Shchelochkov Oleg A. , Cheung S.W. , Lupski J.R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractGenomic disorders have been increasingly recognized as a significant source of clinically relevant phenotypes largely fostered by advances in technologies for genome‐wide analyses. Molecular and clinical studies of copy number variants involving chromosome 17 began with locus‐specific studies of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A, OMIM #118220) and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP, OMIM #162500), which laid the foundation for the paradigm of duplication/deletion and gene‐dosage for our understanding of genomic disorders. With the clinical introduction of high‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) the number of recognized genomic disorders including microduplications has been increasing rapidly. A relatively high proportion of disease‐associated copy number variants map to chromosome 17. This may result from its unique structural features, such as relative abundance of segmental duplications and interspersed repetitive elements, high gene content, and the presence of dosage‐sensitive genes. These genomic rearrangements are mediated by diverse mechanisms including Non‐Allelic Homologous Recombination (NAHR), Non‐Homologous End‐Joining (NHEJ), and Fork Stalling and Template Switching (FoSTeS). We provide specific examples of chromosome 17 microduplications with the emphasis on their phenotype, specific clinical features aiding in their diagnosis, and counseling. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations in PEX10 are a cause of autosomal recessive ataxia
Authors: Régal Luc , Ebberink Merel S. , Goemans Nathalie , Wanders Ronald J. A. , De Meirleir Linda , Jaeken Jacques , Schrooten Maarten , Van Coster Rudy , Waterham Hans R. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPeroxisomal biogenesis disorders typically cause severe multisystem disease and early death. We describe a child and an adult of normal intelligence with progressive ataxia, axonal motor neuropathy, and decreased vibration sense. Both patients had marked cerebellar atrophy. Peroxisomal studies revealed a peroxisomal biogenesis disorder. Two mutations in PEX10 were found in the child, c.992G>A (novel) and c.764_765insA, and in the adult, c.2T>C (novel) and c.790C>T. Transfection with wild‐type PEX10 corrected the fibroblast phenotype. Bile acid supplements and dietary restriction of phytanic acid were started. Peroxisomal biogenesis disorders should be considered in the differential diagnosis of autosomal recessive ataxia. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:259–263
Cyclopamine and Hedgehog Signaling: Chemistry, Biology, Medical Perspectives
Authors: Heretsch Philipp , Tzagkaroulaki Lito , Giannis Athanassios 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWhen Odysseus left the devastated city of Troy after ten years of siege he could not foresee the perils he still had to face. The encounter with the cyclops, a giant with only one eye placed in the middle of its forehead, was doubtlessly one of the creepiest and most dangerous of his adventures. In the end, Odysseus could only escape with the help of a sheep. Whether Homers cyclops was inspired by the observation of terribly malformed neonates remains speculative. However, when sheep herders in Idaho in the middle of the 20th century faced an increasing number of cyclops‐like sheep in their herds, a unique cascade of chemical, biological, and medicinal discoveries was initiated. This Minireview tells this story and shows its impact on modern biomedical research.
Thermal resistance of cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrimer based on sol‐gel derived oligosiloxane for LED encapsulation
Authors: Yang SeungCheol , Kim Joon‐Soo , Jin JungHo , Kwak Seung‐Yeon , Bae Byeong‐Soo 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCycloaliphatic epoxy hybrimer bulk was successfully fabricated by thermal curing of cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane resin synthesized by a sol‐gel condensation reaction with methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) and tetrabutylphosphonium methanesulfonate (TBPM). The composition of MHHPA and TBPM in the resin was optimized to minimize yellowness of the cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrimer bulk. The sample with the optimized composition showed little discoloration upon thermal aging at 120°C for 360 h under an air atmosphere. On the basis of its high thermal stability with appropriate hardness and a high refractive index of 1.55, cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrimer bulk can be used as a LED encapsulant for white LEDs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
R‐spondin 1 protects against inflammatory bone damage during murine arthritis by modulating the Wnt pathway
Authors: Krönke Gerhard , Uderhardt Stefan , Kim Kyung‐Ah , Stock Michael , Scholtysek Carina , Zaiss Mario M. , Surmann‐Schmitt Cordula , Luther Julia , Katzenbeisser Julia , David Jean‐Pierre , Abdollahi‐Roodsaz Shahla , Tran Karolyn , Bright Jessica M. , Binnerts Minke E. , Akhmetshina Alfiya , Böhm Christina , Distler Jörg H. , Joosten Leo A. B. , Schett Georg , Abo Arie 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveDuring the course of different musculoskeletal diseases, joints are progressively damaged by inflammatory, infectious, or mechanical stressors, leading to joint destruction and disability. While effective strategies to inhibit joint inflammation, such as targeted cytokine‐blocking therapy, have been developed during the last decade, the molecular mechanisms of joint damage are still poorly understood. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of the Wnt pathway modulator R‐Spondin 1 (RSpo1) in protecting bone and cartilage in a mouse model of arthritis.MethodsTumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–transgenic mice were treated with vehicle or Rspo1. Mice were evaluated for signs of arthritis, and histologic analysis of the hind paws was performed. Moreover, we determined the effect of Rspo1 on Wnt signaling activity and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression in murine primary osteoblasts.ResultsThe secreted Wnt pathway modulator RSpo1 was highly effective in preserving the structural integrity of joints in a TNFα‐transgenic mouse model of arthritis by protecting bone and cartilage from inflammation‐related damage. RSpo1 antagonized the Wnt inhibitor Dkk‐1 and modulated Wnt signaling in mouse mesenchymal cells. In osteoblasts, RSpo1 induced differentiation and expression of OPG, thereby inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In vivo, RSpo1 promoted osteoblast differentiation and bone formation while blocking osteoclast development, thereby contributing to the integrity of joints during inflammatory arthritis.ConclusionOur results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of RSpo1 as an anabolic agent for the preservation of joint architecture.
Adalimumab in severe and acute sciatica: A multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Genevay Stéphane , Viatte Sebastien , Finckh Axel , Zufferey Pascal , Balagué Federico , Gabay Cem 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveBased on several experimental results and on a preliminary study, a trial was undertaken to assess the efficacy of adalimumab, a tumor necrosis factor α inhibitor, in patients with radicular pain due to lumbar disc herniation.MethodsA multicenter, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted between May 2005 and December 2007 in Switzerland. Patients with acute (duration of <12 weeks) and severe (Oswestry Disability Index score of >50) radicular leg pain and imaging‐confirmed lumbar disc herniation were randomized to receive as adjuvant therapy either 2 subcutaneous injections of adalimumab (40 mg) at 7‐day intervals or matching placebo. The primary outcome was the score for leg pain, based on a visual analog scale (0–100 mm), which was recorded every day for 10 days and at 6 weeks and 6 months.ResultsOf the 265 patients screened, 61 were enrolled; 31 patients were assigned to receive adalimumab, and 4 patients in the placebo group were lost to followup. Over time, the course of leg pain was more favorable in the adalimumab group than in the placebo group (P = 0.002). However, the effect size was relatively small, and at the last followup visit the difference was 13.8 (95% confidence interval −11.5, 39.0). Compared with patients in the placebo group, approximately twice as many patients in the adalimumab group fulfilled the criteria for “responders” and for “low residual disease impact” (P < 0.05), and fewer surgical discectomies were performed (6 versus 13 in the placebo group; P = 0.04).ConclusionThe addition of a short course of adalimumab to the treatment regimen of patients experiencing acute and severe sciatica resulted in a small decrease in leg pain and in significantly fewer surgical procedures.
Utilizing quantitative users' reactions to represent affective meanings of an image
Authors: Yoon JungWon 
Published: April 2010

AbstractEmotional meaning is critical for users to retrieve relevant images. However, because emotional meanings are subject to the individual viewer's interpretation, they are considered difficult to implement when designing image retrieval systems. With the intent of making an image's emotional messages more readily accessible, this study aims to test a new approach designed to enhance the accessibility of emotional meanings during the image search process. This approach utilizes image searchers' emotional reactions, which are quantitatively measured. Broadly used quantitative measurements for emotional reactions, Semantic Differential (SD) and Self‐Assessment Manikin (SAM), were selected as tools for gathering users' reactions. Emotional representations obtained from these two tools were compared with three image perception tasks: searching, describing, and sorting. A survey questionnaire with a set of 12 images was administered to 58 participants, which were tagged with basic emotions. Results demonstrated that the SAM represents basic emotions on 2‐dimensional plots (pleasure and arousal dimensions), and this representation consistently corresponded to the three image perception tasks. This study provided experimental evidence that quantitative users' reactions can be a useful complementary element of current image retrieval/indexing systems. Integrating users' reactions obtained from the SAM into image browsing systems would reduce the efforts of human indexers as well as improve the effectiveness of image retrieval systems.
Facile Synthesis of Gold Octahedra by Direct Reduction of HAuCl4 in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Li Weiyang , Xia Younan 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper describes a water‐based protocol that provides a simple, convenient, and environmentally benign route to the synthesis of Au octahedra. Specifically, we obtained single‐crystal Au octahedra (ca. 85 % of the product) with an edge length of 32.4±2.3 nm and singly twinned, truncated bipyramids (ca. 15 %) by reducing HAuCl4 with N‐vinyl pyrrolidone in an aqueous solution in the presence of a proper amount of cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC). Our mechanistic study indicates that the formation of Au octahedra could be explained by oxidative etching, a pathway that has already been validated for the synthesis of nanocrystals for a number of different noble metals.
Visualizing flood forecasting uncertainty: some current European EPS platforms—COST731 working group 3
Authors: Bruen M. , Krahe P. , Zappa M. , Olsson J. , Vehvilainen B. , Kok K. , Daamen K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCooperation in Science and Technology (COST) funding allows European scientists to establish international links, communicate their work to colleagues, and promote international research cooperation. COST731 was established to study the propagation of uncertainty from hydrometeorological observations through meteorological and hydrological models to the final flood forecast. Our focus is on how information about uncertainty is presented to the end user and how it is used. COST731 has assembled a number of demonstrations/case studies that illustrate a variety of practical approaches and these are presented here. While there is yet no consensus on how such information is presented, many end users do find it useful. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Diagnostic verification of hydrometeorological and hydrologic ensembles
Authors: Demargne Julie , Brown James , Liu Yuqiong , Seo Dong‐Jun , Wu Limin , Toth Zoltan , Zhu Yuejian 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a strategy for diagnostic verification of hydrologic ensembles, based on the selection of summary verification metrics (which could be extended to more detailed metrics) and the analysis of the relative contribution of the different sources of error. Such diagnostic verification could be conducted with the Ensemble Verification System (EVS) and is illustrated with a verification case study of experimental precipitation and streamflow ensemble reforecasts over a 24‐year period. The EVS is proposed as a flexible and modular tool for the HEPEX verification test‐bed to evaluate existing and emerging verification methods that are appropriate for hydrologic applications. Published in 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatable production of shippable bilayer chips by pin tool deposition for an ion channel measurement platform
Authors: Poulos Jason L. , Jeon Tae‐Joon , Schmidt Jacob J. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractAs a step towards an automated and operator‐free ion channel measurement platform we have previously demonstrated a solution formulation for artificial lipid bilayers that enabled the indefinite storage and shipping of frozen bilayer precursors. In this work, the solutions were deposited by hand. Here, we have adapted pin tools to deposit the bilayer precursor solutions onto multi‐element arrays, a popular method for microarray solution deposition. The pin tools have enabled the deposited volume to be applied highly repeatably and controllably, resulting in reduction of bilayer formation times to <1 h. The pin tools are also compatible with computerized motion control platforms, enabling automated and high throughput production. We discuss these results and the prospects of this technology to produce high density bilayer arrays for high throughput measurement of ion channels incorporated into artificial bilayers.