bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Kinetik der Citronensäurebildung bei Candida lipolytica
Authors: Behrens U. , Weissbrodt E. , Lehmann W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe kinetics of citrate and isocitrate accumulation by Candida lipolytica has been studied, with special emphasis of the carbon sources glucose and n‐alkanes and the shifts from one carbon source to the other. The accumulation of the citric acids starts with the beginning of ideophase. Trophophase and ideophase behaviour is in parts different. Ideophase behaviour may be influenced by exogenic factors during growth. From the course of the curves for the citric acids two phases can be distinguished: The specific production rate of the first phase is higher than in the second phase (π1 ˜ 0.19 h−1; π2 ˜ 0.14 h−1). The influence of the carbon source on the course of the curves and the numeric value for the specific production rate is negligible. Alcane grown cells accumulate citric acids from added glucose and left‐over n‐alcanes simultaneously. When both substrates are added from the beginning only glucose is taken up for growth, for citric acid production both substances are utilized simultaneously. Glucose grown cells do not utilize alcanes for production of citric acids. Citric acids are accumulated only as long as glucose is available. Alcane uptake starts after addition of a nitrogen source.
Regulation und einige Eigenschaften einer partikulären, akzeptorabhängigen Alkoholdehydrogenase aus Pseudomonas putida beim Wachstum auf n‐Alkanen
Authors: Tauchert H. , Grunow M. , Aurich H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWährend der Assimilation von n‐Alkanen bildet Pseudomonas putida zwei alkoholoxydierende Enzyme: eine lösliche NAD+‐abhängige und eine partikuläre, akzeptorabhängige Alkoholdehydrogenase (ADH). Das NAD+‐abhängige Enzym ist konstitutiv und kann auf allen untersuchten C‐Quellen mit nahezu der gleichen Aktivität nachgewiesen werden. Es findet sich im 75000 X g‐Überstand Ultraschall‐aufgeschlossener Zellen. Die akzeptorabhängige ADH dagegen wird erst durch n‐Alkane induziert; auf Kohlenhydraten, Intermediaten des Citratzyklus oder Acetat als C‐Quelle wird sie nicht gebildet. Nach Zentrifugation bei 75000 X g findet sie sich im Sediment. In kinetischen Studien der suspendierten Sedimente zeigt das akzeptorabhängige Enzym mit steigender Kettenlänge der Substrate (bis zum Octanol) zunehmende optimale Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten bei gleichzeitiger Substratüberschußhemmung.
Studies on the deoxyribonucleic acid‐bearing portion of the cell envelope of Escherichia coli
Authors: Weisshäupl V. , Dworsky P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe envelope components of nuclear bodies which were obtained from Escherichia coli W7 by a mild lysis method were investigated. By using 2,6‐diaminopimelic acid (DAP) as precursor which is incorporated only into peptidoglycan in this strain it was found that the particles contained about 14% of the murein layer of the cell. The percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine was enriched at the cost of the other phospholipids in the nuclear bodies compared to whole cells. If lipids were labelled with 3H‐palmitic acid the cytoplasmic and the outer membrane could be found after isopycnic centrifugation; however, when the cells were incubated with chloramphenicol, only the outer membrane was seen. The peptidoglycan and the proteins could be assigned only to the outer membrane. The DNA is also bound to the outer membrane. From these results it was concluded that (1) in all lysis methods the cytoplasmic membrane is more easily dissolved than the outer layers of the envelope, and (2) that there is a firm binding between DNA and the outer membrane in vivo.
Kinetics of vegetative growth of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris
Authors: Kretschmer Sigrid 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe growth of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris on solid media was studied by microculture technique. Starting from a germinating spore the further development was followed by phase contrast microscopy. From serially taken photographs the kinetics of growth and branching of the mycelium was calculated. Also some observations on morphological behaviour were made.Regarding the total mycelium developing from one spore the growth occurred with a constant exponential growth rate, at least for the time tested (about ten doublings). This constancy of the mycelial growth rate was not attributed to constant rates of hyphal growth or branching. The hyphal growth rate increased during the development of the mycelium, so that the length produced by a hypha within a given time was smallest after germination and largest at the end of the experiment. Between the first and the 10th doubling of the mycelium the mean hyphal growth rate increased by the factor 27, in some cultures even by the factor 40. While hyphal growth changed from exponential to linear, branching was first linear and then approached exponential kinetics.Under different conditions of cultivation mycelia could have identical doubling times, but different hyphal growth rates and vice versa. Yeast extract caused a reduction of the hyphal growth rate and an enhancement of branching. Likewise the diminution of the supply of oxygen did not reduce the mycelial growth rate, but markedly decreased the hyphal growth rate, especially of the germ tube.The data obtained concerning the kinetics of growth and branching can be explained by a special form of cooperation of cytoplasmic and cell wall synthesis. With respect to the synthesis of cytoplasm a T. vulgaris mycelium behaves as one individual, which is not differentiated into replicating and non replicating areas (as recently was shown to be likely for Streptomyces hygroscopicus by SCHUHMANN and BERGTER 1976). The mycelial growth rate thus reflects the rate of the synthesis of cytoplasm. The hyphal growth rate is moreover determined by the rate of cell wall synthesis at the tip of each hypha. The observed increase of the hyphal growth rate is explainable by an acceleration of the cell wall synthesis during the development of the mycelium. Probably the branching is regulated indirectly. According to the different manner of cytoplasmic and cell wall synthesis, within a hypha a balance between both processes is maintainable only for a limited time. As soon as the momentary apical capacity for cell wall synthesis is exhausted, the balance is attained anew by originating a new site for wall synthesis, i.e. by branching.Branching was often defective. Especially in the absence of yeast extract a lot of lateral branches arose, which ceased further growth at an average length of 2.5 μm. It is suggested that yeast extract supports the transport of the nucleoids into the lateral branches, which otherwise is often infeasible. Reduction of the supply of oxygen favoured apical branching, so that dichotomous forms resulted.
Hydrostatic pressure effects upon cellular leakage and active transport by Vibrio marinus
Authors: Masuda K. V. , Albright L. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHydrostatic pressures greater than ca. 400 atm cause release of cellular components of Vibrio marinus MP‐1 in the order protein > RNA > malate dehydrogenase > DNA > amino acids. Increased pressures also slow the rate of cycloleucine (non‐metabolizable analogue of l‐leucine and l‐valine) uptake but increase its efflux rate. LINEWEAVER‐BURK plots (1/V versus 1/[S]) of cycloleucine uptake indicate that the Km increases with compression which suggests a decrease in affinity of the transport system for substrate at increased pressures.
Charakterisierung und Identifizierung von Mykoplasmen durch Dünnschichtchromatographie der Lipide
Authors: Jacobi H. D. , Zietlow Ch. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs wird über eine vergleichende dünnschichtchromatographische Analyse von Lipiden aus 7 Mycoplasma pneumoniae‐Stämmen und 19 Mycoplasma hominis‐Stämmen berichtet. Die Lipide wurden mit Chloroform‐Methanol extrahiert und durch eindimensionale und zweidimensionale Dünnschichtchromatographie an Kieselgel aufgetrennt. Nach Lokalisierung von stickstoffhaltigen Lipiden und Phospholipiden im Gesamtlipidmuster ergaben sich charakteristische Bilder, die sowohl Artunterschiede als auch deutliche Unterschiede zwischen einzelnen Stämmen der gleichen Mykoplasmenart erkennen ließen.Die Möglichkeit, mit dieser Methode eine Feindifferenzierung der Mykoplasmen vorzunehmen, wird diskutiert.
Phenol oxidase activity and pigment synthesis in conidiospores of Penicillium cyclopium
Authors: Bartsch E. , Lerbs W. , Luckner M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhenol oxidase (PO)Abbreviations: CH cycloheximide, DIECA diethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt, h p. i. hours after inoculation, NL nutrient solution, PAA polyacrylamide, PDA p‐phenylenediamine dihydrochloride, PO phenol oxidase
of Penicillium cycillium belongs to the laccases (E. C. 1. 14.18.1). By PAA‐gel electrophoresis three forms of the enzym were detected. Most of the PO in emerged sporulating cultures accumulates in the cell wall of the conidiospores. However, a high percentage is not bound to the wall constituents and can be easily removed with aqueous solutions. This soluble fraction was 570‐fold enriched by (NH4)2SO4‐precipitation, followed by chromatography on sephadex G 200 and on hydroxylapatite‐cellulose.The necessity of PO for conidiospore pigmentation was shown by means of suspended spores whose rates of pigment accumulation resemble those of conidia maturing in situ. Pigmentation is stopped if PO is inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate. This corresponds of the fact that in strains with heavily pigmented conidiospores PO acitivity is much higher than in strains with weakly pigmented or unpigmented spores. Also the time course of PO accumulation in the latter strains is different from that of the former. Furthermore, in mutant res‐eth 1 which has unpigmented conidiospores, PO isoenzyme no. 3 could not be detected.
Fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase from Vibrio marinus, a psychrophilic marine bacterium
Authors: Jones L. P. , Morita R. Y. , Becker R. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase (Fru‐P2A) from a psychrophilic marine bacterium was found to be Class II aldolase based on activation by K+, activation by divalent cations, inactivation by EDTA, low molecular weight, and similar values for Km, Vmax, and ARRHENIUS activation energy. This enzyme was not markedly different in amino acid composition from the enzymes from mesophilic and thermophilic organisms, yet it has unusual thermal properties.
Biosynthese der Zellwand‐Polysaccharide Mannan und Glucan als Spiegelbild unterschiedlicher Abbauwege der Glucose durch Candida spec. H
Authors: Róber B. , Reuter G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe catabolic and anabolic D‐glucose transformation of the yeast Candida spec. H has been studied. By using 1‐14C‐D‐glucose and 6‐14C‐D‐glucose, measuring the 14CO2 liberation and the label of glucose and mannose isolated from glucan and mannan, the following results have been obtained. 1. Beginning with 100 μ moles glucose · ml−1 in the batch growth medium, at first on an average 64% of the glucose having been catabolized to CO2 are directly decarboxylated to pentose phosphate by pentose phosphate pathway (PPW). Later on at an exogen concentration of 70 μ moles · ml−1 73% of glucose on an average having been catabolised to CO2 undergoes transformation via glycolyse and tricarbonacid cycle (G‐TCC). 2. Only after getting this glucose concentration the maximal hexose incorporation rate into glucan and mannan can be obtained. 3. 20–40% of the hexose channeled into the polysaccharid‐biosynthesis have been prepared by resynthesis from pentose phosphate via. PPW. 4. The results are discussed in connection with the observed crabtree‐effect.
Wirkung des Detergens Metaupon auf die Vermehrung verschiedener Phagen
Authors: Menzel G. , Stenz E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs several other surfactants do, the detergent Metaupon acts on the multiplication of bacteriophages. We investigated the influence of Metaupon on the phages Φ 105 and λ, the cyanophage LPP‐1, and the RNA‐phages f 2, M 12, and Qβ by means of the agar diffusion test, pour plate test, adsorption test, and one‐step growth test. The action of Metaupon of the free phages was also tested. Metaupon inhibits the formation of plaques by the phages with exception of λ. With the phages f2 and M 12 the substance increases the amount of plaques depending on concentration. The main mode of action of Metaupon was found to be the inhibition of the adsorption of the phages to the host cells. Only in the case of Φ 105 free phages were inactivated.
Vorkommen von Brenztraubensäure in Kapselpolysacchariden (K‐Antigenen) von Klebsiellen
Authors: Nimmich W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe capsular polysaccharides of 77 Klebsiella K‐types were analysed for the presence of pyruvic acid. One half of the polysaccharides investigated were found to contain between 1.3 and 12% of the keto acid. A comparison between the analyses performed and the calculated values from some pyruvic acid containing polysaccharides of known structure showed that there is only in 5 out of 10 cases a good correlation with a regular substitution of the oligosaccharide repeating units.
Dependence of macromolecular composition and morphology of Streptomyces hygroscopicus on specific growth rate
Authors: Riesenberg D. , Bergter F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe dependence of macromolecular composition and morphology of Streptomyces hygroscopicus on specific growth rate μ was investigated. The percentage of DNA on dry weight (%DNA) is constant, %protein is also nearly independent of μ whereas %RNA rises considerably with increasing μ, regarding mycelia grown in glucose‐limited and ammonium‐limited continuous cultures as well as in discontinuous cultures with various carbon sources. It is probable that the overall synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein is regulated in the mycelium‐forming bacterium S. hygroscopicus by the same mechanisms found in unicellular bacteria like Escherichia coli because of the qualitatively similar dependence of %DNA, %RNA and %protein on μ. But differences exist in quantitative regard whereby %DNA, %RNA and %protein of S. hygroscopicus are much smaller at low μ and, with increasing μ, approach those of unicellular bacteria. The hypothesis about the increase of the hyphal regions showing high synthesis activity in S. hygroscopicus mycelia grown in glucose‐limited continuous cultures with increasing μ – derived from comparison of macromolecular composition of S. hygroscopicus and unicellular bacteria – was confirmed autoradiographically with respect to protein synthesis. The increase of the part of mycelial regions showing high cytoplasmic activity results in an increase of mean hyphal diameter, of mean relative apical growth rate α and/ or mean relative branching rate ß.ß depends sigmoidally and α inverses sigmoidally on μ. Therefore, the morphology of the mycelium determined by α and also depends on μ. The hyphal growth unit L/N, the distance from apex to first branch Lp and the mean distance between neighbouring branches Ln decline with increasing μ and reach a minimum at μ = 0.32 (1/h). A further rise of μ is accompanied with an increase of L/N, Lp and Ln. This means that mycelia growing slowly or very quickly have a loose from whereas quickly growing mycelia are characterized by a more compact form. The complicated dependence of α, β, L/N, Lp and Ln on μ indicates tha the morphology is regulated by different mechanisms depending on the specific growth rate.
Oxydativer Abbau von Dibenzylsulfid
Authors: Babenzien H.‐D. , Genz I. , Köhler M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDibenzylsulfid (DBS) as a model of the organic sulfur compounds in crude oil was converted by a mixed culture (containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa) into several water soluble organic substances. Whereas these compounds are detectable with DC‐ and IR‐spectroscopi°C techniques, benzylmercaptoacetic acid (BMA) was the only isolated product of DBS utilization. Efficiency of degradation, respectively, accumulation of BMA were dependent on aeration and pH‐regulation.
Microbiological production of radioisotopically labelled 16α‐hydroxylated steroids in trace quantities
Authors: Iida M. , Sakurai H. , Matsuhashi K. , Yanaihara T. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract[4‐14C]16α‐Hydroxy‐C‐18‐ and ‐C‐19‐steroid hormones were obtained in good yields by microbiological hydroxylation of correspondingly labelled steroids by Streptomyces reseochromogenes NRRL B‐1233. Trace quantities of the labelled substrates were incubated on a rotary shaker (220 rpm) at 27°C. The radioactive products were chromatographically separated, identified and the radiochemical purity was established by isotopic dilution analysis. The specific activities of 16α‐hydroxy‐steroids obtained were assumed to be the same as those of the substrates, namely, 57.5 mCi/mmole for 16α‐hydroxy‐4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione, 57.5 mCi/mmole for 5‐androstene‐3β, 16α, 17β‐triol, 57.5 mCi/mmole for 16α‐hydroxy‐dehydroepiandrosterone, 55.7 mCi/mmole for 16α‐hydroxy‐estrone, and 57.5 mCi/mmole for 16α‐hydroxy‐testosterone.
Experimentelle Induktion von „rotund bodies”︁ bei Thermus aquaticus
Authors: Kraepelin G. , Grävenstein H.‐U. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWith several isolates of T. aquaticus rotund bodies (rbs) have been artificially induced. The most active agents were lysozyme, pronase (not trypsin), cellulase (not α‐amylase or β‐glucosidase), penicillin and some mineral salts. Two modifications of rbs were observed: the vesicular type arising from single cells or filaments and the aggregate‐rbs resulting from secondary associations of several cells or filaments. In both cases the primary event is a partial detachment of the outer layer of cell envelopes followed by its swelling to form a hyaline bleb. Within these osmotically stable blebs cells and/or filaments involved in the rbs production become irreversibly trapped.Appearance of filaments and rbs in stationary phase cultures are discussed as a consequence of unbalanced growth culminating in abnormal autolytic reactions.
Abbau von Steroiden XVI. Mikrobieller Seitenkettenabbau von strukturmodifizierten Sterolen
Authors: Böhme K.‐H. , Hörhold C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDifferent types of sterol derivatives substituted in position 3 have been investigated to be suitable substrates for microorganisms capable of degradating the side chain of sterols. Sterolesters were found to be either unattacked or hydrolyzed followed by complete degradation of the molecule. Derivatives of the alkylether ‐ and ketal type were transformed to the corresponding C19‐ steroids by fermentation with strains of the genus Mycobacteria. With respect to stability, solubility and transformation rate the sterol‐3‐carboxymethyloxime‐derivatives were shown to be most suitable.
Quantitative, immunologische Bestimmungsmethode für Rubredoxin in Bakterienrohextrakten von Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
Authors: Claus R. , Hädge D. , Asperger O. , Fiebig H. , Kleber H.‐P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie quantitative Bestimmung des Rubredoxingehaltes in Bakterienrohextrakten von Acinetobacter calcoaceticus erfolgte mit Hilfe einer immunologischen Methode. Da diskelektrophoretisch homogenes, natives Rubredoxin bei Kaninchen keine humorale Immunantwort hervorruft, wurde die Immunogenität des Antigens durch Vernetzen mit Glutaraldehyd erhöht. Die gegen vernetztes Rubredoxin in Kaninchen gebildeten Antikörper präzipitieren sowohl das vernetztes als auch das native Rubredoxin. Eine geringe Reaktion zeigte das gewonnene Antiserum auch gegenüber Ferredoxin aus Spinatblättern. Hingegen ist mit Adrenodoxin aus Nebennierenmitochondrien keine Präzipitation zu beobachten. Die durch Rubredoxin‐Reductase aus Ac. calcoaceticus katalysierte Rubredoxin‐abhängige Reduktion von Cytochrom c wird durch das gewonnene Antiserum gehemmt.Zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Rubredoxin in Zellrohextrakten konnte ein Radioimmuntest mit einer Nachweisgrenze bei 0,02 nmol Rubredoxin/ml Probe aufgebaut werden. Der Rubredoxingehalt in Rohextrakten von Ac. calcoaceticus beträgt nach Wachstum auf n‐Alkanen 4 · 10−11 mol/mg Bakterienprotein.
Some properties of two purified fibrinolytic enzymes from Bacillus subtilis and B. polymyxa
Authors: Fayek K. I. , El‐Sayed Sanaa T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo fibrinolytic enzymes isolated from B. subtilis and from B. polymyxa were purified using a five step method. The pH optimum for the enzyme from B. subtilis was 7.2 and for the enzyme from B. polymyxa was 7.0. Both enzymes were activated by Cu++.The molecular weight of the first enzyme was 29,400 and that for the second enzyme was 18,000 on the basis of gel filtration on Sephadex G‐100.The enzyme from B. subtilis has higher affinity to buffalo fibrin than towards human fibrin. The enzyme from B. polymyxa has higher affinity to human fibrin than towards buffalo fibrin.
Die Strahlenschutzfunktion der Hefezellwand
Authors: Phai Le‐Dinh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEs konnte erstmals gefunden werden, daß die Hefezellwand eine strahlenschützende Funktion besitzt. Dieser Nachweis gelang durch vergleichende Untersuchungen an Hefen, deren Wand partiell oder völlig entfernt worden war bzw. wo die Bindungen zwischen den die Wand aufbauenden Makromolekülen (Disulfidbrücken, Ca++‐Brücken) zerstört wurden. Das Mannan der Zellwand ist für die Strahlenresistenz verantwortlich. Diese Schutzfunktion wird verstärkt, wenn Mannan und Glutathion, ein zelleigener Protektor der Hefe, zusammenwirken.
Cellular fatty acids derived from normal alkanes by Candida rugosa
Authors: Iida M. , Kobayashi H. , Iizuka H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn an attempt to examine the specific metabolic relationship between the alkane substrates and lipid products the pattern of formation of cellular lipid, especially fatty acids, has been studied in the course of incubation of cells of C. rugosa with n‐alkanes in mineral medium. C18:2, C18:1, C16:1 and C16:0 fatty acids were the major products formed, irrespective of the odd or even chain length of the alkane used as substrate. These unsaturated fatty acids reached a maximum in the stationary phase. In the case of cells grown on odd‐chain n‐alkanes (from C11 to C19), the proportion of odd‐chain cellular fatty acids was markedly high, reaching 77–88% in the n‐pentadecane and heptadecane‐grown cells. The resulting acids are then metabolized by β‐oxidation or inserted directly or after elongation with C2‐units into the cellular fatty acids. The total lipid content of n‐alkane (n‐C10‐C20) grown cells in the stationary phase was 16.3–19.0% of the dry cell weight, which was about three times as much as that of glucose‐grown cells. The chain length of alkane substrates had a significant effect on the lipid content. Ergosterol production from n‐hexadecane was twice higher than that from glucose.
Characterization of nitrogen‐fixing (C2h2‐reducing) Bacillus species from Egyptian soils
Authors: Wahab A. M. Abdel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe characteristics of ten N2(C2H2)‐fixing Bacillus strains, isolated from Egyptian soils, were investigated. The isolates were not completely identical to any of the described species in the 8th Edition of Bergey's Manual. However, two strains were closely related to B. cereus, five strains were tentatively characterized as B. licheniformis and three strains with swollen sporangia and thick‐walled endospores shared their main characteristics with B. circulans.A comparison between these bacilli and other known nitrogen‐fixing Bacillus species revealed major differences in culture characteristics and C2H2‐reducing activities. This suggests that the Bacillus isolates described here are new nitrogen‐fixing bacteria.