bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trust management in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zahariadis Theodore , Leligou Helen C. , Trakadas Panagiotis , Voliotis Stamatis 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe range of applications of wireless sensor networks is so wide that it tends to invade our every day life. In the future, a sensor network will survey our health, our home, the roads we follow, the office or the industry we work in or even the aircrafts we use, in an attempt to enhance our safety. However, the wireless sensor networks themselves are prone to security attacks. The list of security attacks, although already very long, continues to augment impeding the expansion of these networks. The trust management schemes consist of a powerful tool for the detection of unexpected node behaviours (either faulty or malicious). Once misbehaving nodes are detected, their neighbours can use this information to avoid cooperating with them, either for data forwarding, data aggregation or any other cooperative function. A variety of trust models which follow different directions regarding the distribution of measurement functionality, the monitored behaviours and the way measurements are used to calculate/define the node's trustworthiness has been presented in the literature. In this paper, we survey trust models in an attempt to explore the interplay among the implementation requirements, the resource consumption and the achieved security. Our goal is to draw guidelines for the design of deployable trust model designs with respect to the available node and network capabilities and application peculiarities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐phase pressure drop caused by sudden flow area contraction/expansion in small circular pipes
Authors: Roul Manmatha K. , Dash Sukanta K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTheoretical studies have been made to determine the pressure drops caused by abrupt flow area expansion/contraction in small circular pipes for two‐phase flow of air and water mixtures at room temperature and near atmospheric pressure. Two‐phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations, using Eulerian–Eulerian model (with the air phase being compressible for pipe contraction case) are employed to calculate the pressure drop across sudden expansion and contraction. The pressure drop is determined by extrapolating the computed pressure profiles upstream and downstream of the expansion/contraction. The larger and smaller tube diameters are 1.6 and 0.84 mm, respectively. Computations have been performed with single‐phase water and air, and two‐phase mixtures in a range of Reynolds number (considering all‐liquid flow) from 1000 to 12 000 and flow quality from 1.2 × 10−3to 1.6 × 10−2. The numerical results are validated against experimental data from the literature and are found to be in good agreement. The expansion and contraction loss coefficients are found to be different for single‐phase flow of air and water, and they agreed reasonably well with the commonly used theoretical predictions. Based on the numerical results as well as experimental data, correlations are developed for two‐phase flow pressure drops caused by the flow area contraction as well as expansion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volume‐tracking of subgrid particles
Authors: Sun Mingyu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA new PLIC‐VOF method is proposed to track deformable particles, such as bubbles and liquid droplets, that can be smaller than the grid spacing. The idea is to replace the surface normal (SN) calculation used in the PLIC, by the SN vector obtained from partial differential equations that are solved together with the advection algorithm. The equations for the evolution of SN vector are derived, and examined by using the first‐order and the second‐order upwind schemes. Since the normal vector is defined in every cell, the method generally improves the accuracy at low grid resolution. It is found that a normal vector of zero magnitude is located at the centroid of a particle, to second‐order accuracy for small particles. The motion of a subgrid particle is controlled by the arrival of the zero vector in the present PLIC/SN method, so that the particle can be translated at the right speed without any additional treatment. This has been numerically verified by simulating a particle of one‐tenth of grid spacing traveling in three different directions, in addition to a few typical test cases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing video‐rate STED nanoscopy and confocal microscopy of living neurons
Authors: Lauterbach Marcel A. , Keller Jan , Schönle Andreas , Kamin Dirk , Westphal Volker , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe compare the performance of video‐rate Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) and confocal microscopy in imaging the interior of living neurons. A lateral resolution of 65 nm is observed in STED movies of 28 frames per second, which is 4‐fold higher in spatial resolution than in their confocal counterparts. STED microscopy, but not confocal microscopy, allows discrimination of single features at high spatial densities. Specific patterns of movement within the confined space of the axon are revealed in STED microscopy, while confocal imaging is limited to reporting gross motion. Further progress is to be expected, as we demonstrate that the use of continuous wave (CW) beams for excitation and STED is viable for video‐rate STED recording of living neurons. Tentatively providing a larger photon flux, CW beams should facilitate extending fast STED imaging towards imaging fainter living samples. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A tissue adhesives evaluated in vitro and in vivo analysis
Authors: Mo Xiumei , Iwata Hiroo , Ikada Yoshito 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this study, three kinds of two‐component adhesive glues were prepared, namely, gel‐dext glue made from modified gelatin and dextran, gel‐HES glue made from modified gelatin and hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and chit‐dext glue made from chitosan and modified dextran. Upon mixing the two‐component solution together crosslinking occurred and a gel formed in several seconds, which would seal the wound tissue and stop the bleeding. The adhesive ability of those three prepared glues was evaluated in vitro and in vivo separately by measuring the bonding strength to two piece of porcine skin and the adhesive strength after sealing the skin incisions on the back of rat. Fibrin glue was used as comparing. Gel‐dext glue and gel‐HES glue shown higher bonding strength and adhesive strength than chit‐dext glue and fibrin glue. Histology test of incision tissues given by both HE and MTC methods, the former shown that gel‐dext and gel‐HES glues, like fibrin glue, have only normal initial inflammation to skin tissue, which almost disappear from 9 days but chit‐dext glue seams have heaver inflammation, which may last to 12 days; the later shown gel‐dext and gel‐HES glues similar to fibrin glue, can heal the wound fast than that of chit‐dext glue. The hemostatic ability for gel‐HES glue was also tested on a cut liver of rat, which depend on the gel formation speed when the two‐composite solutions were mixed together. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Synthesis, in vitro macrophage response and detoxification of bamboo charcoal beads for purifying blood
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Fa , Wen Hsiao‐Wei , Shyu Chih‐Liang , Chen Szu‐Hau , Li Wen‐Tyng , Wang Wei‐Chieh , Chen Wen‐Chi 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBamboo charcoal beads (BCBs) were formed by coprecipitating bamboo charcoal particles with chitosan in alkaline solution. The amount of chitosan in the BCBs and their surface properties were measured. When 13–52 mg BCBs were exposed to RAW 264.7 macrophages, the amount of nitric oxide released and the cell viability were close to those of the blank. The amount of cytokine IL‐6 secreted by macrophages did not depend on the dose of BCBs but macrophages secreted more TNF‐α in response to higher doses of BCBs. However, the cytokine levels were relatively low, suggesting the favorable biocompatibility of BCBs. In adsorption experiments, BCBs adsorbed and released bovine serum albumin at particular concentrations, whereas BCBs adsorbed L‐phenylalanine without a sign of release. This difference is attributed to the hydrophilicity and the pore size of the BCBs. Finally, the potential of BCBs as biocompatible adsorbents in blood detoxification is considered. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Statistical approach of chemistry and topography effect on human osteoblast adhesion
Authors: Giljean S. , Ponche A. , Bigerelle M. , Anselme K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractOur objective in this work was to determine statistically the relative influence of surface topography and surface chemistry of metallic substrates on long‐term adhesion of human bone cell quantified by the adhesion power (AP). Pure titanium, titanium alloy, and stainless steel substrates were processed with electro‐erosion, sandblasting, or polishing giving various morphologies and amplitudes. The surface chemistry was characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) associated with an extensive analysis of surface topography. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the effect on AP of the material composition was not significant. More, no correlation was found between AP and the surface element concentrations determined by XPS demonstrating that the surface chemistry was not an influencing parameter for long‐term adhesion. In the same way, the roughness amplitude, independently of the process, had no influence on AP, meaning that roughness amplitude is not an intrinsic parameter of long‐term adhesion. On the contrary, the elaboration process alone had a significant effect on AP. For a same surface elaboration process, the number of inflexion points, or G parameter, was the most pertinent roughness parameter for describing the topography influence on long‐term adhesion. Thus, more the inflexion points, more the discontinuities, higher the long‐term adhesion. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Fabrication and in vitro and in vivo cell infiltration study of a bilayered cryogenic electrospun poly(D,L‐lactide) scaffold
Authors: Leong Meng Fatt , Chan Wing Yue , Chian Kerm Sin , Rasheed Mohamed Zulfikar , Anderson James M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCryogenic electrospinning has previously been demonstrated for controlling the pore sizes of electrospun scaffolds, which has been impossible with traditional electrospinning processes. This article describes the application of the cryogenic technique to fabricate a bilayered electrospun poly(D,L‐lactide) scaffold (BLES) in a single uninterrupted process. The resulting BLES consisted of a traditional electrospun (ES) fibrous layer with a dense pore area of 17 ± 3 μm2 adjacent to a cryogenic electrospun layer (CES) with a pore area of 3300 ± 500 μm2. The significance of this bilayered scaffold was to mimic the anatomical structure of tissues with dense basement membrane followed by loose and highly porous connective tissue such as skin and blood vessels. Cell infiltration in the BLES was compared in vitro and in vivo. Both studies suggested the CES supported high cell infiltration, whereas the ES could serve as a physical barrier to prevent cell infiltration across the CES‐ES boundary because of its size exclusion. The bilayered structure produced by this technique suggests a great potential for engineering tissues with similar architectures. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Size effect of calcium phosphate coated with poly‐DL‐lactide‐ co‐glycolide on healing processes in bone reconstruction
Authors: Ignjatovic Nenad L. , Ajdukovic Zorica R. , Savic Vojin P. , Uskokovic Dragan P. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn this article, synthesis and application of calcium phosphate/poly‐DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide (CP/PLGA) composite biomaterial in particulate form, in which each CP granule/particle is coated with PLGA, are described. Two types of the particulate material having different particle sizes were synthesized: one with an average particle diameter between 150 and 250 μm (micron‐sized particles, MPs) and the other with an average particle diameter smaller than 50 nm (nanoparticles, NPs). A comparative in vivo analysis was done by reconstructing defects in osteoporotic alveolar bones using both composites. The material, CP granules/particles covered with polymer, was characterized using X‐ray structural analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Changes in reparatory functions of tissues affected by osteoporosis were examined in mice in vivo, using these two kinds of composite materials, with and without autologous plasma. Having defined the target segment, histomorphometric parameters—bone area fraction, area, and mean density—were determined. The best results in the regeneration and recuperation of alveolar bone damaged by osteoporosis were achieved with the implantation of a mixture of nanoparticulate CP/PLGA composite and autologous plasma. After the implantation of microparticulate CP/PLGA, in the form of granules, mixed with autologous plasma, into an artificial defect in alveolar bone, new bone formation was also observed, although its formation rate was slower. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Impact of combination medical therapy on mortality in vascular surgery patients
Authors: Barrett Thomas W. , Newton Kathleen , Koudelka Caroline , Mori Motomi , Radcliffe LeAnn 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Th use of beta‐blockers or statins has been associated with decreased mortality after noncardiac surgery. There are no prior perioperative studies of concurrent use of other cardioprotective drugs.OBJECTIVE:To ascertain whether combinations of aspirin, beta‐blockers, statins, and/or angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were associated with decreased mortality 6 months after vascular surgery.PATIENTS AND DESIGN:We performed a retrospective cohort study on the 3020 patients who underwent vascular surgery between January 1998 and March 2005 at 5 regional Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers. The Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel test was used to assess associations with 6‐month all‐cause mortality for the combination drug exposures compared to no exposure while adjusting for propensity score.RESULTS:Exposure to all 4 of the study drugs compared to none had a propensity‐adjusted relative risk (aRR) of 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26‐1.01; P = 0.052), number needed to treat (NNT) 19; 3 drugs vs. none, aRR 0.60 (95% CI, 0.38‐0.95; P = 0.030), NNT 38; 2 drugs vs. none, aRR 0.68 (95% CI, 0.46‐0.99; P = 0.043), NNT 170; and 1 drug vs. none, aRR 0.88 (95% CI, 0.63‐1.22; P = 0.445). ACE inhibitor exposure was common in all combinations.CONCLUSIONS:Combination use of 2 to 3 study drugs, some of which included ACE inhibitors, was associated with decreased mortality after vascular surgery. Combination use of all 4 study drugs was not statistically significant due to the small number of events in this group. Further prospective studies of combination perioperative aspirin, beta‐blockers, statins, and ACE inhibitors are warranted. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:218–225. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Left bundle branch block (LBBB) masks changes due to hyperkalemia: A myth
Authors: Kumar Anil , Shah Neel , Jesmajian Stephen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractLeft bundle branch block masks ischemic changes but not those due to electrolyte imbalance. Peaking of T waves, prolongation of PR interval, diminution/absence of P wave, and widening of QRS complex can still be appreciated if one carefully compares the baseline ECG to the presenting ECG. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:226–227. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Patient whiteboards as a communication tool in the hospital setting: A survey of practices and recommendations
Authors: Sehgal Niraj L. , Green Adrienne , Vidyarthi Arpana R. , Blegen Mary A. , Wachter Robert M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patient whiteboards can serve as a communication tool between hospital providers and as a mechanism to engage patients in their care, but little is known about their current use or best practices.METHODS:We surveyed bedside nurses, internal medicine housestaff, and hospitalists from the medical service at the University of California, San Francisco. A brief survey about self‐reported whiteboard practices and their impact on patient care was administered via paper and a commercial online survey tool.RESULTS:Surveys were collected from 104 nurse respondents (81% response rate), 118 internal medicine housestaff (74% response rate), and 31 hospitalists (86% response rate). Nurses were far more likely to use and read whiteboards than physicians. While all respondents highly valued the utility of family contact information on whiteboards, nurses valued the importance of a “goal for the day” and an “anticipated discharge date” more than physicians. Most respondents believed that nurses should be responsible for accurate and updated information on whiteboards, that goals for the day should be created by a nurse and physician together, and that unavailability of pens was the greatest barrier to use.DISCUSSION:Despite differences in practice patterns of nurses and physicians in using whiteboards, our findings suggest that all providers value their potential as a tool to improve teamwork, communication, and patient care. Successful adoption of whiteboard use may be enhanced through strategies that emphasize a patient‐centered focus while also addressing important barriers to use. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:234–239. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
The FDA extended warning for intravenous haloperidol and torsades de pointes: How should institutions respond?
Authors: Meyer‐Massetti Carla , Cheng Christine M , Sharpe Bradley A , Meier Christoph R , Guglielmo B. Joseph 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:In September 2007, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) strengthened label warnings for intravenous (IV) haloperidol regarding QT prolongation (QTP) and torsades de pointes (TdP) in response to adverse event reports. Considering the widespread use of IV haloperidol in the management of acute delirium, the specific FDA recommendation of continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in this setting has been associated with some controversy. We reviewed the evidence for the FDA warning and provide a potential medical center response to this warning.METHODS:Cases of intravenous haloperidol‐related QTP/TdP were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus databases (January 1823 to April 2009) and all FDA MedWatch reports of haloperidol‐associated adverse events (November 1997 to April 2008).RESULTS:A total of 70 of IV haloperidol‐associated QTP and/or TdP were identified. There were 54 reports of TdP; 42 of these events were reportedly preceded by QTP. When post‐event QTc data were reported, QTc was prolonged >450 msec in 96% of cases. Three patients experienced sudden cardiac arrest. Sixty‐eight patients (97%) had additional risk factors for TdP/prolonged QT, most commonly receipt of concomitant proarrhythmic agents. Patients experiencing TdP received a cumulative dose of 5 mg to 645 mg, patients with QTP alone received a cumulative dose of 2 mg to 1540 mg.CONCLUSIONS:While administration of IV haloperidol can be associated with QTP/TdP, this complication most often took place in the setting of concomitant risk factors. Importantly, the available data suggest that a total cumulative dose of IV haloperidol of <2 mg can safely be administered without ongoing electrocardiographic monitoring in patients without concomitant risk factors. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E8–E16. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Considerations for hospital approval of human participant research
Authors: Chanaud Cheryl M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDHospitals often accept as sufficient the federal requirement that human participant research studies have Institutional Review Board (IRB) review and approval, but IRBs usually do not consider many practical matters that arise in the implementation and operation of an interventional clinical trial in the complex environment of the modern acute care hospital.METHODSA large hospital system in Texas implemented a policy requiring that any activity associated with human participant research receive prior hospital system review and approval. This hospital system review and approval process, which occurs in parallel with IRB review, focuses separately on patient safety and operational, financial, and special risk issues.RESULTSA centralized research institute proactively gathers information needed to evaluate a proposed research study and forwards this information to unit directors and other key personnel in the affected hospitals for their review. When all reviewers have signed off on the study and the institute is satisfied that all pertinent issues have been resolved, it authorizes the principal investigator to begin the study in the designated hospitals.CONCLUSIONSThis review and approval process reduces risk, benefiting patients, hospital personnel who support research studies, research teams, and hospitals as institutions. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:E17–E24. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Pediatric hospital medicine core competencies: Development and methodology
Authors: Stucky Erin R. , Ottolini Mary C. , Maniscalco Jennifer 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackground:Pediatric hospital medicine is the most rapidly growing site‐based pediatric specialty. There are over 2500 unique members in the three core societies in which pediatric hospitalists are members: the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the Academic Pediatric Association (APA) and the Society of Hospital Medicine (SHM). Pediatric hospitalists are fulfilling both clinical and system improvement roles within varied hospital systems. Defined expectations and competencies for pediatric hospitalists are needed.Methods:In 2005, SHM's Pediatric Core Curriculum Task Force initiated the project and formed the editorial board. Over the subsequent four years, multiple pediatric hospitalists belonging to the AAP, APA, or SHM contributed to the content of and guided the development of the project. Editors and collaborators created a framework for identifying appropriate competency content areas. Content experts from both within and outside of pediatric hospital medicine participated as contributors. A number of selected national organizations and societies provided valuable feedback on chapters. The final product was validated by formal review from the AAP, APA, and SHM.Results:The Pediatric Hospital Medicine Core Competencies were created. They include 54 chapters divided into four sections: Common Clinical Diagnoses and Conditions, Core Skills, Specialized Clinical Services, and Healthcare Systems: Supporting and Advancing Child Health. Each chapter can be used independently of the others. Chapters follow the knowledge, skills, and attitudes educational curriculum format, and have an additional section on systems organization and improvement to reflect the pediatric hospitalist's responsibility to advance systems of care.Conclusion:These competencies provide a foundation for the creation of pediatric hospital medicine curricula and serve to standardize and improve inpatient training practices. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5(4)(Suppl 2):82–86. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.