bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les phénomènes de land grabbing
Authors: Griffon Michel 
Published: December 2011

Résumé Pour l’économiste et agronome Michel Griffon, les phénomènes de land grabbing ne sont pas nouveaux. Mais c’est la crise alimentaire de 2008 qui a révélée que le mouvement d’« accaparement » des terres » était devenu massif. Le land grabbing peut être interprété comme un mouvement de défiance par rapport à l’extension du marché alimentaire mondial. Michel Griffon propose dans cet entretien avec Jean-Jacques Gabas des pistes de réflexions fondées sur deux critères : la sécurité d’approvisionnement pour le pays qui importe et la sécurité de revenu pour les producteurs africains qui acceptent de produire un excédent. En cas de pénurie locale, il faudrait assurer que la priorité absolue ne soit pas donnée aux exportations.
L'industrie cinématographique post-apartheid
Authors: Lelièvre Samuel 
Published: December 2011

Résumé De plus en plus présent dans les festivals et les salles de cinéma occidentales, le cinéma sud-africain contemporain n’est pas un nouveau cinéma de l’ère post-apartheid. Il existe depuis le début du xx e siècle. Soutenus par une industrie unique en Afrique, mais inséparable de l’histoire de l’apartheid, les films sud-africains contemporains révèlent le vrai visage de la « nation arc-en-ciel », en même temps qu’une réouverture sur le monde. Aujourd’hui, tous les carcans du système de l’apartheid ont volé en éclats. Pourtant, l’industrie sud-africaine du film doit gérer un certain nombre de legs du passé pour entrer plus complètement dans l’ère post-apartheid et pour se projeter dans le futur.
Une histoire du cinéma camerounais
Authors: Coulon Florent 
Published: December 2011

Résumé Au mois de janvier 2009, les trois dernières salles de cinéma du Cameroun ont successivement fermé leurs portes. Si, dès 1973, l’État camerounais a tenté d’accompagner la structuration du secteur avec la création d’un fonds de développement de l’industrie cinématographique, l’absence de politique volontariste freine le développement d’une véritable industrie. Partant de ce constat, l’auteur revient sur l’histoire du cinéma camerounais pris entre la dépendance économique du secteur de la production vis-à-vis du Nord et la mainmise des sociétés étrangères sur les circuits de distribution et d’exploitation. Toutefois, au-delà des quelques coproductions internationales exemplaires mais trop rares, la nouvelle génération profite aujourd’hui de l’outil numérique pour conquérir une véritable indépendance économique.
« Nul n'est à l'abri du péril totalitaire »
Authors: Tulkens Françoise , Merckaert Jean 
Published: December 2011

Résumé En Europe, les droits de l’homme n’ont pas le vent en poupe. Mais 800 millions d’Européens ont un recours quand les États violent leurs droits fondamentaux, ou quand les lois empêchent leur pleine application. Depuis 1959, la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme veille au grain. Sa vice-présidente témoigne.
Productivité n'est pas productivisme (introduction)
Authors: Griffon Michel 
Published: December 2011

Resumé Les ressources de la planète sont limitées. Chacun le sait. Et pourtant, le développement économique continue d’être tourné vers l’accroissement illimité de la production de biens matériels. Est-on enserré à ce point dans la spirale productiviste qu’on ne puisse plus en sortir ? Où sont les alternatives?
"Le développement durable a besoin de scandales pour avancer"
Authors: Chiapello Ève , Merckaert Jean 
Published: December 2011

Resumé	le capitalisme, sous des formes toujours nouvelles, est porteur d’une violence terrible. Mais il reste séduisant et tellement ancré dans nos pratiques et nos imaginaires comme l’unique moteur du progrès, que les alternatives soulèvent la peur d’une régression.Seule une crise, ou le durcissement de la critique, ouvrira l’espace du changement.
Au-delà du libéralisme, le convivialisme
Authors: Caillé Alain 
Published: December 2011

Resumé Finie la croissance, qui servait jusque-là d’exutoire à la violence sociale. Dans un état économique stationnaire, le despotisme et la guerre rôdent. Une seule issue : la conversion par millions à l’inventivité démocratique. Au convivialisme.
Evaluation of LASIK Treatment With the Femto LDV in Patients With Corneal Opacity
Authors: Tomita Minoru , Chiba Ayako , Matsuda Jumpei , Nawa Yoshiaki 
Published: December 2011

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the relative effectiveness and safety of LASIK using the Femto LDV (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG) and IntraLase FS 60 (Abbott Medical Optics Inc) femtosecond lasers in patients with corneal opacity.

METHODS:

Patients with corneal opacity were retrospectively selected between March and July 2009. For this study, 205 eyes with 90-μm corneal flaps created using the Femto LDV (LDV group) and 200 eyes with corneal flaps created using the IntraLase FS 60 (Intra-Lase group) were selected. The flap thickness of the IntraLase group was determined by observation with slit-lamp microscopy. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) were measured pre- and postoperatively and were statistically evaluated using the Student
t
test and Mann-Whitney U-test.

RESULTS:

Regardless of the levels of opacity, eyes in the LDV group experienced uneventful procedures with no complications. Eyes in the IntraLase group had corneal flaps of 100- to 130-μm thickness and uneventful procedures; however, gas breakthrough was observed in 27 eyes. Of all eyes, 117 eyes from the LDV group and 109 eyes from the IntraLase group were available for 3-month follow-up. Mean 3-month postoperative UDVA, CDVA, and MRSE for the LDV group were 20/12.5, 20/12.5, and 0.17±0.32 diopters (D), respectively, and for the IntraLase group were 20/12.5, 20/12.5, and 0.11±0.34 D, respectively. No statistically significant differenes were noted in UDVA, CDVA, or MRSE between groups (
P
>.05 for all).

CONCLUSIONS:
Laser in situ keratomileusis with the Femto LDV created thin flaps regardless of level of opacity and induced no complications as compared to the IntraLase FS 60, where gas breakthrough was significantly more common.
Innate Transcriptional Networks Activated in Bladder in Response to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Drive Diverse Biological Pathways and Rapid Synthesis of IL-10 for Defense against Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Duell Benjamin L. , Carey Alison J. , Tan Chee K. , Cui Xiangqin , Webb Richard I. , Totsika Makrina , Schembri Mark A. , Derrington Petra , Irving-Rodgers Helen , Brooks Andrew J. , Cripps Allan W. , Crowley Michael , Ulett Glen C. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Early transcriptional activation events that occur in bladder immediately following bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) are not well defined. In this study, we describe the whole bladder transcriptome of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) cystitis in mice using genome-wide expression profiling to define the transcriptome of innate immune activation stemming from UPEC colonization of the bladder. Bladder RNA from female C57BL/6 mice, analyzed using 1.0 ST-Affymetrix microarrays, revealed extensive activation of diverse sets of innate immune response genes, including those that encode multiple IL-family members, receptors, metabolic regulators, MAPK activators, and lymphocyte signaling molecules. These were among 1564 genes differentially regulated at 2 h postinfection, highlighting a rapid and broad innate immune response to bladder colonization. Integrative systems-level analyses using InnateDB (http://www.innatedb.com) bioinformatics and ingenuity pathway analysis identified multiple distinct biological pathways in the bladder transcriptome with extensive involvement of lymphocyte signaling, cell cycle alterations, cytoskeletal, and metabolic changes. A key regulator of IL activity identified in the transcriptome was IL-10, which was analyzed functionally to reveal marked exacerbation of cystitis in IL-10–deficient mice. Studies of clinical UTI revealed significantly elevated urinary IL-10 in patients with UPEC cystitis, indicating a role for IL-10 in the innate response to human UTI. The whole bladder transcriptome presented in this work provides new insight into the diversity of innate factors that determine UTI on a genome-wide scale and will be valuable for further data mining. Identification of protective roles for other elements in the transcriptome will provide critical new insight into the complex cascade of events that underpin UTI.
A Complement–IL-4 Regulatory Circuit Controls Liver Regeneration
Authors: DeAngelis Robert A. , Markiewski Maciej M. , Kourtzelis Ioannis , Rafail Stavros , Syriga Maria , Sandor Adam , Maurya Mano R. , Gupta Shakti , Subramaniam Shankar , Lambris John D. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
The involvement of IL-4 in liver regeneration has not yet been recognized. In this article, we show that IL-4, produced by NKT cells that accumulate in regenerating livers after partial hepatectomy, contributes to this process by regulating the activation of complement after liver resection in mice. The mechanism of this regulation was associated with the maintenance of an appropriate level of IgM in mouse blood, because IgM deposited in liver parenchyma most likely initiated complement activation during liver regeneration. By controlling complement activation, IL-4 regulated the induction of IL-6, thereby influencing a key pathway involved in regenerating liver cell proliferation and survival. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-4 was controlled by complement through the recruitment of NKT cells to regenerating livers. Our study thus reveals the existence of a regulatory feedback mechanism involving complement and IL-4 that controls liver regeneration.
Study of sense of coherence health promoting behavior in north Indian students
Authors: Suraj Senjam , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: December 2011

Background & objectives:
With advances in knowledge about health promotion, public health professionals are in search for the determinants of personal health behaviours. This study was carried out to explore the level of engagement of north Indian students in health promoting behaviours; to determine their sense of coherence scores; and to ascertain the determinants of health promoting behaviours of these students.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done in four randomly selected colleges of Chandigarh during 2007-2008 in 200 students (100 male, 100 female). Their health promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) and sense of coherence (SOC) scores were estimated using interviews. The data were analyzed using Pearson's product moment correlation, and also stepwise linear regression analysis.

Results:
Mean HPLP and SOC scores of the students were 138.69 and 130.87, respectively. Females cared more about their health than males. Male students were more involved in physical activities. There was a linear correlation between the total SOC and HPLP scores (r=0.3). Female students (63%) consulted doctors more than males (50%) and washed their hands more regularly (P<0.05). Only 13 per cent students practiced yoga regularly. Female students had more meaningful relationships with friends and had more faith in God. Regression equation revealed that the two independent variables (SOC and age) accounted for 10.8 per cent of the variance in HPLP.

Interpretation & conclusion:
Students with higher SOC scores had higher HPLP scores. Female students were more health conscious than male students. In general, college students in Chandigarh had a good health promoting lifestyle and good sense of coherence.
Characterization of low molecular weight antimicrobial peptide from human female reproductive tract
Authors: Sharma Sarita , Sethi Sunil , Prasad Rajendra , Samanta Palash , Rajwanshi Arvind , Malhotra Sarla , Sharma Meera 
Published: December 2011

Background & objectives:
The mechanisms that protect female upper genital tract from ascending infection by microbes present in vagina are only partially understood. It is expected that epithelial cells in mucosal surfaces and their secretions directly interfere with microbial colonization and invasion. This study was aimed to demonstrate the expression of 2 kDa antimicrobial peptide which was identified and purified from female genital tract tissues using chromatographic techniques.

Methods:
Low molecular weight proteins were isolated from human female reproductive tract tissues obtained from premenopausal women. Antimicrobial activity of these LMW proteins was assessed against different reproductive tract pathogens viz., Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Group B streptococcus, Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherechia coli and Candida albicans. The expression of these peptides were also documented in reproductive tract tissues with the help of hyperimmune sera raised against the rabbits. The purified peptide was characterized by N-terminal sequencing.

Results:
Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that 2 kDa peptide was expressed in the stratified squamous epithelial cells of the ectocervix while it was absent in columnar epithelial cells of upper genital tract. Upregulation of the expression of this peptide was observed in patients of chronic non-specific cervicitis and acute on chronic cervicitis. This purified antimicrobial peptide also showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against different reproductive tract pathogens.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Considering the emerging bacterial resistance against conventional antibiotics, isolation and understanding of the expression of antimicrobial peptides from female reproductive tissue extracts may provide some leads towards the development of strategies for the treatment of reproductive tract infections.
Mycobacterium indicus pranii as stand-alone or adjunct immunotherapeutic in treatment of experimental animal tuberculosis
Authors: Faujdar Jaya , Gupta Pushpa , Natrajan Mohan , Das Ram , Chauhan D.S. , Katoch V.M , Gupta U.D. 
Published: December 2011

Background & objectives:

Mycobacterium w (M.w) is a saprophytic cultivable mycobacterium and shares several antigens with M. tuberculosis. It has shown good immunomodulation in leprosy patients. Hence in the present study, the efficacy of M.w immunotherapy, alone or in combination with multi drug chemotherapeutic regimens was investigated against drug sensitive M. tuberculosis H37Rv and three clinical isolates with variable degree of drug resistance in mice.

Methods:
BALB/c mice were infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv (susceptible to all first and second line drugs) and three clinical isolates taken from the epository of the Institute. The dose of 200 bacilli was used for infection via respiratory route in an aerosol chamber. Chemotherapy (5 days/wk) was given one month after infection and the vaccinated group was given a dose of 1×107 bacilli by subcutaneous route. Bacterial load was measured at 4 and 6 wk after initiation of chemotherapy.

Results:
M.w when given along with chemotherapy (4 and 6 wk) led to a greater reduction in the bacterial load in lungs and other organs of TB infected animals compared to. However, the reduction was significantly (P<0.05) more in terms of colony forming units (cfu) in both organs (lungs and spleen).

Conclusion:
M.w (as immunomodulator) has beneficial therapeutic effect as an adjunct to chemotherapy.
Vancomycin resistance among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from intensive care units of tertiary care hospitals in Hyderabad
Authors: Thati Venubabu , Shivannavar Channappa T. , Gaddad Subhaschandra M. 
Published: December 2011

Background & objectives:
Multidrug resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections and is on the rise. The glycopeptide vancomycin has been proposed as the drug of choice for treating such infections. The present study aimed at identifying the vancomycin resistance both phenotypically and genotypically among the MRSA isolates from two tertiary care hospitals in Hyderabad, south India.

Methods:
MRSA were isolated and identified from different clinical samples collected from ICUs of tertiary care hospitals in Hyderabad using conventional methods. Antibiogram of the isolates and vancomycin MIC were determined following CLSI guidelines. vanA was amplified by PCR using standard primers.

Results:
All vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates were MRSA. The VRSA isolates were positive for vanA gene, except one which was negative. All VRSA had a vancomycin MIC in the range of 16-64 mg/l.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The increase in vancomycin resistance among MRSA and excessive use of antimicrobial agents have worsened the sensitivity. Larger studies need to be done in various geographical regions of the country to better define the epidemiology, mechanism of vancomycin resistance in S. aureus and its clinical implications.
Antiparasitic activity of plumericin & isoplumericin isolated from Plumeria bicolor against Leishmania donovani
Authors: Sharma Umakant , Singh Dharmendra , Kumar Parveen , Dobhal M. P. , Singh Sarman 
Published: December 2011

Background & objectives:
The severe toxicity, exorbitant cost and emerging resistance of Leishmania species against most of the currently used drugs underscores the urgent need for the alternative drugs. The present study evaluates in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of Plumeria bicolor and its isolated compounds.

Methods:
The in vitro anti-parasitic activity of chloroform extract of Plumeria bicolor, plumericin and isoplumericin were tested alongwith appropriate controls against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani using 96 well microtiter plate. The concentration used for assessing the anti-leishmanial activity of extract of Plumeria bicolor and both isolated compounds were 100 μg/ml and 15 μM, respectively. The viability of the cells was assessed by MTT assay. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was performed against J774G8 murine macrophage cells lines at the concentration of 30 μM.

Results:
The Plumeria bicolor extract showed activity with the IC50 of 21±2.2 and 14±1.6 μg/ml against promastigote and amastigote forms of L. donovani, respectively. Plumericin consistently showed high activity with the IC50 of 3.17±0.12 and 1.41±0.03 μM whereas isoplumericin showed the IC50 of 7.2±0.08 μM and 4.1±0.02 μM against promastigote and amastigote forms, respectively. Cytotoxic effect of the chloroform extract of P. bicolor, plumericin and isoplumericin was evaluated in murine macrophage (J774G8) model with CC50 value of 75±5.3 μg/ml, 20.6±0.5 and 24±0.7 μM, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results indicated that plumericin showed more potent activity than isoplumericin and might be a promising anti-leishmanial agent against L. donovani.
Framework for estimating tumour parameters using thermal imaging
Authors: Umadevi V. , Raghavan S.V. , Jaipurkar Sandeep 
Published: December 2011

Background & objectives:
Non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging techniques are safe as these can be repeatedly used on as individual and are applicable across all age groups. Breast thermography is a non-invasive and non-ionizing medical imaging that can be potentially used in breast cancer detection and diagnosis. In this study, we used breast thermography to estimate the tumour contour from the breast skin surface temperature.

Methods:
We proposed a framework called infrared thermography based image construction (ITBIC) to estimate tumour parameters such as size and depth from cancerous breast skin surface temperature data. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method was used to enhance the accuracy of estimation in order to reflect clearly realistic situation.

Results:
We validated our method experimentally using Watermelon and Agar models. For the Watermelon experiment error in estimation of size and depth parameters was 1.5 and 3.8 per cent respectively. For the Agar model it was 0 and 8 per cent respectively. Further, thermal breast screening was done on female volunteers and compared it with the magnetic resonance imaging. The results were positive and encouraging.

Interpretation & conclusions:
ITBIC is computationally fast thermal imaging system and is perhaps affordable. Such a system will be useful for doctors or radiologists for breast cancer diagnosis.
The 2010 and 2011 Canterbury earthquakes and organisational learning at the University of Canterbury: Does practice make perfect?
Authors: Healey Nigel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn September 2010 and again in February 2011, the city of Christchurch was rocked by earthquakes of magnitude 7.1 and 6.3 respectively. The second earthquake was shallow and caused extensive damage and loss of life, destroying most of the Central Business District. This paper focuses on recovery management at the University of Canterbury, exploring the extent to which the senior management team learned lessons from the September event which informed the way that the recovery was managed after the February earthquake. It examines the counter-intuitive possibility that successfully dealing with a prior, lesser event, may not necessarily better equip managers to deal with a subsequent, more extreme event.
The Time Has Come for Speech-Language Pathology License Portability!
Authors: Jakubowitz Melissa 
Published: December 2011

This Letter to the Editor on the topic of speech-language pathology license portability for telepractice, was authored by Melissa Jakubowitz M.A. CCC-SLP, Vice President of SLP Services at PresenceLearning. A speech-language pathologist with over 20 years of clinical and managerial experience, Ms. Jakubowitz is a Board Recognized Specialist in Child Language. Ms. Jakubowitz began her career working in the public schools and has also operated a successful, multi-office private practice. She is a past Director of the Scottish Rite Institute for Childhood Language Disorders in Stockton, CA. Jakubowitz is also a past-president of the California Speech-Language-Hearing Association, which, with over 5,000 SLP members, is one of the largest speech-language pathologist state associations in the country. Active in the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), Ms. Jakubowitz served as a Legislative Counselor for 12 years.
Structure and Morphology of PDI8‐CN2 for n‐Type Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Liscio Fabiola , Milita Silvia , Albonetti Cristiano , D'Angelo Pasquale , Guagliardi Antonietta , Masciocchi Norberto , Della Valle Raffaele Guido , Venuti Elisabetta , Brillante Aldo , Biscarini Fabio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA multiscale investigation of N,N′‐bis(n‐octyl)‐x:y, dicyanoperylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide), PDI8‐CN2, shows the same molecular arrangement in the bulk and in thin films sublimated on SiO2/Si wafers. Non‐conventional powder diffraction methods and theoretical calculations concur to provide a coherent picture of the crystalline structure. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses of films of different thickness deposited at different substrate temperatures indicate the existence of two temperature‐dependent deposition regimes: a low‐temperature (room temperature) regime and a high‐temperature (80–120 °C) one, each characterized by different growth mechanisms. These mechanisms eventually result in different morphological and structural features of the films, which appear to be highly correlated with the trend of the electrical parameters that are measured in PDI8‐CN2‐based field‐effect transistors.