bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Heat Transfer for Assessing the Convection Length in Ventilated Caves
Authors: Sedaghatkish Amir , Pastore Claudio , Doumenc Frédéric , Jeannin Pierre‐Yves , Luetscher Marc 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe present study focuses on heat transfer in ventilated caves for which the airflow is driven by the temperature contrast between the cave and the external atmosphere. We use a numerical model that couples the convective heat transfer due to the airflow in a single karst conduit with the conductive heat transfer in the rock mass. Assuming dry air and a simplified geometry, we investigate the propagation of thermal perturbations inside the karst massif. We perform a parametric study to identify general trends regarding the effect of the air flowrate and conduit size on the amplitude and spatial extent of thermal perturbations. Numerical results support the partition of a cave into three regions: (a) a short (few meters) diffusive region, where heat mainly propagates from the external atmosphere by conduction in the rock mass; (b) a convective region where heat is mainly transported by the air flow; (c) a deep karst region characterized by quasi‐constant temperatures throughout the year. Numerical simulations show that the length of the convective region is approximately proportional to the amplitude of the flowrate annual fluctuations divided by the square root of the cave radius. This result is tested against field data from a mine tunnel and two caves. Our study provides first estimates to identify climate sensitive regions for speleothem science and/or ecosystemic studies.
Antitumor activity of Z15-0-2, a bispecific nanobody targeting PD-1 and CTLA-4
Authors: Zeng Jianyao , Fang Yuan , Zhang Zixuan , Lv Zhenzhen , Wang Xiaodie , Huang Qian , Tian Zhidan , Li Jiaguo , Xu Wenfeng , Zhu Weimin , Yu Jing , Liu Tao , Qian Qijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe combination of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibodies has potential for enhancing clinical efficacy. We described the development and antitumor activity of Z15-0, a bispecific nanobody targeting both the PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathways simultaneously. We designed and optimized the mRNA sequence encoding Z15-0, referred to as Z15-0-2 and through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we established that the optimized Z15-0-2 mRNA sequence significantly increased the expression of the bispecific nanobody. Administration of Z15-0-2 mRNA to tumor-bearing mice led to greater inhibition of tumor growth compared to controls. In aggregate, we introduced a novel bispecific nanobody and have re-engineered it to boost expression of mRNA, representing a new drug development paradigm.
Mice with deficiency in Pcdh15, a gene associated with bipolar disorders, exhibit significantly elevated diurnal amplitudes of locomotion and body temperature
Authors: Mori Daisuke , Inami Chihiro , Ikeda Ryosuke , Sawahata Masahito , Urata Shinji , Yamaguchi Sho T. , Kobayashi Yohei , Fujita Kosuke , Arioka Yuko , Okumura Hiroki , Kushima Itaru , Kodama Akiko , Suzuki Toshiaki , Hirao Takashi , Yoshimi Akira , Sobue Akira , Ito Takahiro , Noda Yukikiro , Mizoguchi Hiroyuki , Nagai Taku , Kaibuchi Kozo , Okabe Shigeo , Nishiguchi Koji , Kume Kazuhiko , Yamada Kiyofumi , Ozaki Norio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGenetic factors significantly affect the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. However, the specific pathogenic mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Recent extensive genomic studies have implicated the protocadherin-related 15 (PCDH15) gene in the onset of psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder (BD). To further investigate the pathogenesis of these psychiatric disorders, we developed a mouse model lacking Pcdh15. Notably, although PCDH15 is primarily identified as the causative gene of Usher syndrome, which presents with visual and auditory impairments, our mice with Pcdh15 homozygous deletion (Pcdh15-null) did not exhibit observable structural abnormalities in either the retina or the inner ear. The Pcdh15-null mice showed very high levels of spontaneous motor activity which was too disturbed to perform standard behavioral testing. However, the Pcdh15 heterozygous deletion mice (Pcdh15-het) exhibited enhanced spontaneous locomotor activity, reduced prepulse inhibition, and diminished cliff avoidance behavior. These observations agreed with the symptoms observed in patients with various psychiatric disorders and several mouse models of psychiatric diseases. Specifically, the hyperactivity may mirror the manic episodes in BD. To obtain a more physiological, long-term quantification of the hyperactive phenotype, we implanted nano tag® sensor chips in the animals, to enable the continuous monitoring of both activity and body temperature. During the light-off period, Pcdh15-null exhibited elevated activity and body temperature compared with wild-type (WT) mice. However, we observed a decreased body temperature during the light-on period. Comprehensive brain activity was visualized using c-Fos mapping, which was assessed during the activity and temperature peak and trough. There was a stark contrast between the distribution of c-Fos expression in Pcdh15-null and WT brains during both the light-on and light-off periods. These results provide valuable insights into the neural basis of the behavioral and thermal characteristics of Pcdh15-deletion mice. Therefore, Pcdh15-deletion mice can be a novel model for BD with mania and other psychiatric disorders, with a strong genetic component that satisfies both construct and surface validity.
Nuclear factor-κB activation by transforming growth factor-β1 drives tumour microenvironment-mediated drug resistance in neuroblastoma
Authors: Louault Kévin , Blavier Laurence , Lee Men-Hua , Kennedy Rebekah J. , Fernandez G. Esteban , Pawel Bruce R. , Asgharzadeh Shahab , DeClerck Yves A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the tumour microenvironment (TME) contribute to therapeutic resistance. Here we demonstrate that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 produced in the TME increased drug resistance of neuroblastoma (NB) cells.

Methods
Human NB cell lines were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to Doxorubicin (DOX) and Etoposide (ETOP) in the presence of tumour-associated macrophages (TAM) and mesenchymal stromal cells/cancer-associated fibroblasts (MSC/CAF). These experiments were validated in xenotransplanted and primary tumour samples.

Results
Drug resistance was associated with an increased expression of efflux transporter and anti-apoptotic proteins. Upregulation was dependent on activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB by TGF-β-activated kinase (TAK1) and SMAD2. Resistance was reversed upon pharmacologic and genetic inhibitions of NF-κB, and TAK1/SMAD2. Interleukin-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M were upregulated by this TGF-β/TAK1/NF-κB/SMAD2 signalling pathway contributing to drug resistance via an autocrine loop activating STAT3. An analysis of xenotransplanted NB tumours revealed an increased presence of phospho (p)-NF-κB in tumours co-injected with MSC/CAF and TAM, and these tumours failed to respond to Etoposide but responded if treated with a TGF-βR1/ALK5 inhibitor. Nuclear p-NF-κB was increased in patient-derived tumours rich in TME cells.

Conclusions
The data provides a novel insight into a targetable mechanism of environment-mediated drug resistance.
A novel function of STAT3β in suppressing interferon response improves outcome in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Edtmayer Sophie , Witalisz-Siepracka Agnieszka , Zdársky Bernhard , Heindl Kerstin , Weiss Stefanie , Eder Thomas , Dutta Sayantanee , Graichen Uwe , Klee Sascha , Sharif Omar , Wieser Rotraud , Győrffy Balázs , Poli Valeria , Casanova Emilio , Sill Heinz , Grebien Florian , Stoiber Dagmar 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is frequently overexpressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). STAT3 exists in two distinct alternatively spliced isoforms, the full-length isoform STAT3α and the C-terminally truncated isoform STAT3β. While STAT3α is predominantly described as an oncogenic driver, STAT3β has been suggested to act as a tumor suppressor. To elucidate the role of STAT3β in AML, we established a mouse model of STAT3β-deficient, MLL-AF9-driven AML. STAT3β deficiency significantly shortened survival of leukemic mice confirming its role as a tumor suppressor. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed enhanced STAT1 expression and interferon (IFN) signaling upon loss of STAT3β. Accordingly, STAT3β-deficient leukemia cells displayed enhanced sensitivity to blockade of IFN signaling through both an IFNAR1 blocking antibody and the JAK1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib. Analysis of human AML patient samples confirmed that elevated expression of IFN-inducible genes correlated with poor overall survival and low STAT3β expression. Together, our data corroborate the tumor suppressive role of STAT3β in a mouse model in vivo. Moreover, they provide evidence that its tumor suppressive function is linked to repression of the STAT1-mediated IFN response. These findings suggest that the STAT3β/α mRNA ratio is a significant prognostic marker in AML and holds crucial information for targeted treatment approaches. Patients displaying a low STAT3β/α mRNA ratio and unfavorable prognosis could benefit from therapeutic interventions directed at STAT1/IFN signaling.
The protective roles of integrin α4β7 and Amphiregulin-expressing innate lymphoid cells in lupus nephritis
Authors: Ryu Seungwon , Kim Kyung Ah , Kim Jinwoo , Lee Dong Hun , Bae Yong-Soo , Lee Hajeong , Kim Byoung Choul , Kim Hye Young 
Published: May 2024

AbstractType 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as key regulators of the immune response in renal inflammatory diseases such as lupus nephritis. However, the mechanisms underlying ILC2 adhesion and migration in the kidney remain poorly understood. Here, we revealed the critical role of integrin α4β7 in mediating renal ILC2 adhesion and function. We found that integrin α4β7 enables the retention of ILC2s in the kidney by binding to VCAM-1, E-cadherin, or fibronectin on structural cells. Moreover, integrin α4β7 knockdown reduced the production of the reparative cytokine amphiregulin (Areg) by ILC2s. In lupus nephritis, TLR7/9 signaling within the kidney microenvironment downregulates integrin α4β7 expression, leading to decreased Areg production and promoting the egress of ILC2s. Notably, IL-33 treatment upregulated integrin α4β7 and Areg expression in ILC2s, thereby enhancing survival and reducing inflammation in lupus nephritis. Together, these findings highlight the potential of targeting ILC2 adhesion as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune kidney diseases.
Multi-omics in nasal epithelium reveals three axes of dysregulation for asthma risk in the African Diaspora populations
Authors: Szczesny Brooke , Boorgula Meher Preethi , Chavan Sameer , Campbell Monica , Johnson Randi K. , Kammers Kai , Thompson Emma E. , Cox Madison S. , Shankar Gautam , Cox Corey , Morin Andréanne , Lorizio Wendy , Daya Michelle , Kelada Samir N. P. , Beaty Terri H. , Doumatey Ayo P. , Cruz Alvaro A. , Watson Harold , Naureckas Edward T. , Giles B. Louise , Arinola Ganiyu A. , Sogaolu Olumide , Falade Adegoke G. , Hansel Nadia N. , Yang Ivana V. , Olopade Christopher O. , Rotimi Charles N. , Landis R. Clive , Figueiredo Camila A. , Altman Matthew C. , Kenny Eimear , Ruczinski Ingo , Liu Andrew H. , Ober Carole , Taub Margaret A. , Barnes Kathleen C. , Mathias Rasika A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAsthma has striking disparities across ancestral groups, but the molecular underpinning of these differences is poorly understood and minimally studied. A goal of the Consortium on Asthma among African-ancestry Populations in the Americas (CAAPA) is to understand multi-omic signatures of asthma focusing on populations of African ancestry. RNASeq and DNA methylation data are generated from nasal epithelium including cases (current asthma, N = 253) and controls (never-asthma, N = 283) from 7 different geographic sites to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene networks. We identify 389 DEGs; the top DEG, FN1, was downregulated in cases (q = 3.26 × 10−9) and encodes fibronectin which plays a role in wound healing. The top three gene expression modules implicate networks related to immune response (CEACAM5; p = 9.62 × 10−16 and CPA3; p = 2.39 × 10−14) and wound healing (FN1; p = 7.63 × 10−9). Multi-omic analysis identifies FKBP5, a co-chaperone of glucocorticoid receptor signaling known to be involved in drug response in asthma, where the association between nasal epithelium gene expression is likely regulated by methylation and is associated with increased use of inhaled corticosteroids. This work reveals molecular dysregulation on three axes – increased Th2 inflammation, decreased capacity for wound healing, and impaired drug response – that may play a critical role in asthma within the African Diaspora.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heliosphere
Authors: Yardley Stephanie L. , Brooks David H. , D’Amicis Raffaella , Owen Christopher J. , Long David M. , Baker Deb , Démoulin Pascal , Owens Mathew J. , Lockwood Mike , Mihailescu Teodora , Coburn Jesse T. , Dewey Ryan M. , Müller Daniel , Suen Gabriel H. H. , Ngampoopun Nawin , Louarn Philippe , Livi Stefano , Lepri Sue , Fludra Andrzej , Haberreiter Margit , Schühle Udo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ambient solar wind that fills the heliosphere originates from multiple sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the heliosphere. By combining magnetic field modelling and spectroscopic techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March 2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic field footpoints connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This is reflected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
An fNIRS dataset for driving risk cognition of passengers in highly automated driving scenarios
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Qiaoya , Li Jun , Gao Xiaorong , Li Bowen , Nie Bingbing , Wang Jianqiang , Zhou Ziyuan , Yang Yingkai , Wang Hong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor highly autonomous vehicles, human does not need to operate continuously vehicles. The brain-computer interface system in autonomous vehicles will highly depend on the brain states of passengers rather than those of human drivers. It is a meaningful and vital choice to translate the mental activities of human beings, essentially playing the role of advanced sensors, into safe driving. Quantifying the driving risk cognition of passengers is a basic step toward this end. This study reports the creation of an fNIRS dataset focusing on the prefrontal cortex activity in fourteen types of highly automated driving scenarios. This dataset considers age, sex and driving experience factors and contains the data collected from an 8-channel fNIRS device and the data of driving scenarios. The dataset provides data support for distinguishing the driving risk in highly automated driving scenarios via brain-computer interface systems, and it also provides the possibility of preventing potential hazards in some scenarios, in which risk remains at a high value for an extended period, before hazard occurs.
The psychology of Mona Lisa’s smile
Authors: Soranzo Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMona Lisa’s ambiguous expression, oscillating between melancholy and contentment, has captivated viewers for centuries, prompting diverse explanations. This article proposes a novel interpretation grounded in the psychological theory of perceptual organisation. Central to the investigation is the “Ambiguity-Nuance”, a subtly shaded, blended region framing the upper part of the lips, hypothesised to influence perceived expression due to perceptual organization. Through carefully crafted artwork and systematic manipulations of Mona Lisa reproductions, experiments reveal how alterations in the perceptual relationships of the Ambiguity-Nuance yield significant shifts in perceived expression, explaining why Mona Lisa’s appearance changes and under which conditions she looks content versus melancholic based on perceptual organization. These findings underscore the pivotal role of psychological principles in shaping ambiguous expressions in the Mona Lisa, and extend to other Leonardo’s portraits, namely La Bella Principessa and Scapigliata. This study sheds light on the intersection of psychology and art, offering new perspectives on timeless masterpieces.
Multidisciplinary design optimisation of lattice-based battery housing for electric vehicles
Authors: Wang Jier , Schutzeichel Maximilian , Plaumann Benedikt , Kletschkowski Thomas , Panesar Ajit 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBatteries with high energy densities become essential with the increased uptake of electric vehicles. Battery housing, a protective casing encapsulating the battery, must fulfil competing engineering requirements of high stiffness and effective thermal management whilst being lightweight. In this study, a graded lattice design framework is developed based on topology optimisation to effectively tackle the multidisciplinary objectives associated with battery housing. It leverages the triply periodic minimal surfaces lattices, aiming for high mechanical stiffness and efficient heat dissipation considering heat conduction and convection. The effectiveness of the proposed framework was demonstrated through the battery housing design, showcasing its ability to address multidisciplinary objectives as evidenced by the analysis of the Pareto front. This study identifies the potential of lattices in lightweight applications incorporating multiphysics and offers an efficient lattice design framework readily extended to other engineering challenges.
Bioarchaeology aids the cultural understanding of six characters in search of their agency (Tarquinia, ninth–seventh century BC, central Italy)
Authors: Bagnasco G. , Marzullo M. , Cattaneo C. , Biehler-Gomez L. , Mazzarelli D. , Ricciardi V. , Müller W. , Coppa A. , McLaughlin R. , Motta L. , Prato O. , Schmidt F. , Gaveriaux F. , Marras G. B. , Millet M. A. , Madgwick R. , Ballantyne R. , Makarewicz C.A. , Trentacoste A. , Reimer P. , Mattiangeli V. , Bradley D. G. , Malone C. , Esposito C. , Breslin E. M. , Stoddart S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEtruria contained one of the great early urban civilisations in the Italian peninsula during the first millennium BC, much studied from a cultural, humanities-based, perspective, but relatively little with scientific data, and rarely in combination. We have addressed the unusual location of twenty inhumations found in the sacred heart of the Etruscan city of Tarquinia, focusing on six of these as illustrative, contrasting with the typical contemporary cremations found in cemeteries on the edge of the city. The cultural evidence suggests that the six skeletons were also distinctive in their ritualization and memorialisation. Focusing on the six, as a representative sample, the scientific evidence of osteoarchaeology, isotopic compositions, and ancient DNA has established that these appear to show mobility, diversity and violence through an integrated bioarchaeological approach. The combination of multiple lines of evidence makes major strides towards a deeper understanding of the role of these extraordinary individuals in the life of the early city of Etruria.
Synergistic role of MoS2 in gelation-induced fabrication of graphene oxide films
Authors: Choi Minah , Lim Joonwon , Yang Jieun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSupporting materials for electrocatalysts must exhibit relative chemical inertness to facilitate unimpeded movement of gas, and demonstrate electrical conductivity to promote efficient electron transfer to the catalyst. Conventional catalyst electrodes, such as glassy carbon, carbon cloths, or Ni foam, are commonly employed. However, the challenge lies in the limited stability observed during testing due to the relatively weak adhesion between the catalyst and the electrode. Addressing this limitation is crucial for advancing the stability and performance of catalyst-electrode systems in various applications. Here, we suggest a novel fabrication method for a freestanding conducting film, accomplished through gelation, incorporating 1T-MoS2 and graphene oxide. 1T-MoS2 nanosheets play a crucial role in promoting the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) on the Zn foil. This contribution leads to accelerated film formation and enhanced electrical conductivity in the film. The synergistic effect also enhances the film’s stability as catalyst supports. This study provides insights into the effective utilization of MoS2 and graphene oxide in the creating of advanced catalyst support systems with potential applications in diverse catalytic reaction.
A nationwide study on new onset atrial fibrillation risk factors and its association with hospital mortality in sepsis patients
Authors: Liu Yi-wei , Wang Yi-fan , Chen Yan , Dong Run , Li Shan , Peng Jin-min , Liufu Rong , Weng Li , Xu Yang , Du Bin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and its incidence increases with sepsis. However, data on new-onset AF during sepsis hospitalization remain limited in China. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and associated mortality of new-onset AF in sepsis patients in China. We conducted a retrospective study using the National Data Center for Medical Service system, from 1923 tertiary and 2363 secondary hospitals from 31 provinces in China from 2017 to 2019.In total we included 1,425,055 sepsis patients ≥ 18 years without prior AF. The incidence of new-onset AF was 1.49%. Older age, male sex, hypertension, heart failure, coronary disease, valvular disease, and mechanical ventilation were independent risk factor. New-onset AF was associated with a slight increased risk of mortality (adjusted RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06). Population attributable fraction suggested AF accounted for 0.2% of sepsis deaths. In this large nationwide cohort, new-onset AF occurred in 1.49% of sepsis admissions and was associated with a small mortality increase. Further research should examine whether optimized AF management can improve sepsis outcomes in China.