bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative immunonutrition in head and neck cancer
Authors: Sorensen LTC Douglas , McCarthy Mary , Baumgartner MAJ Brian , Demars CPT Sean 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Immune‐modulating nutrition (IMN) support before and after surgery has the potential to promote host defense, antitumor activities, and wound healing. The purpose of this study was to examine the nutritional, immunologic, and wound healing outcomes in patients receiving IMN versus standard formula.Study Design:A prospective, blinded, randomized design was used for this study. Fifteen patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma received either an IMN formula (treatment group) or a standard stress formula (relative comparison group [RCG]) for a period of 7 days pre‐ and postoperatively.Methods:Albumin and prealbumin were measured at baseline, day of surgery (DOS), and postoperative day (POD) 1, 4, and 8. Immunologic outcomes included C‐reactive protein and total lymphocyte count with lymphocyte subset counts (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4:8 ratio, CD19, CD56) at baseline, DOS, POD1, 4, and 8. Cell‐mediated immunity was evaluated by delayed‐type hypersensitivity. Wound healing was assessed using the ASEPSIS tool.Results:CD3+ and CD4+ T cells demonstrated a significant difference between groups on POD 1 (P = .03 for both) and CD56 NK cells on POD 8 (P = .04). In general, wounds healed without complications except for tracheoesophageal fistula development in two patients in the RCG.Conclusions:A trend toward less immune suppression in patients receiving IMN is supported in this study. Laryngoscope, 2009
Unsaturated PA X,20 from Renewable Resources via Metathesis and Catalytic Amidation
Authors: Mutlu Hatice , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of unsaturated polyamides that can be obtained from plant oil derivatives via two different approaches is described. First, long chain aliphatic α,ω‐dienes with two symmetrically spaced amide segments were polymerized via ADMET polymerization. Secondly, dimethyl(E)‐icos‐10‐enedioate, a bio‐based unsaturated monomer that was obtained via metathesis, was polymerized with different aliphatic diamines using strong organic bases, such as TBD, as catalysts. Both reaction pathways led to unsaturated PA X,20 and the two different routes were investigated, optimized and compared. Moreover, the polymers were characterized by 1H NMR analysis and SEC, and the properties of the resulting polyamides were investigated by DSC and TGA.magnified image
Automated Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Polyelectrolytes in Flow Mode
Authors: Ivanov Svetlozar , Kurniawan Fredy , Tsakova Vessela , Mirsky Vladimir M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMultilayer structures of conducting polymers were fabricated by a simply automated approach in flow mode. Polyaniline and poly(styrene sulfonate) were used as a model system, allowing a fast electrochemical and spectroscopic determination of the amount of deposited material. The technology was applied for layer‐by‐layer deposition of up to 100 bilayers. The results demonstrate a well reproducible and almost constant amount of the adsorbed polymer at each deposition cycle. The method can be applied for deposition of other conducting or non‐conducting polymers, biological macromolecules and composites of polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles.magnified image
Diallyl trisulfide‐induced apoptosis in human cancer cells is linked to checkpoint kinase 1‐mediated mitotic arrest
Authors: Xiao Dong , Zeng Yan , Singh Shivendra V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGrowth suppressive effect of diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of garlic, against cultured human cancer cells correlates with checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)‐mediated mitotic arrest, but the fate of the cells arrested in mitosis remains elusive. Using LNCaP and HCT‐116 human cancer cells as a model, we now demonstrate that the Chk1‐mediated mitotic arrest resulting from DATS exposure leads to apoptosis. The DATS exposure resulted in G2 phase and mitotic arrest in both LNCaP and HCT‐116 cell lines. The G2 arrest was accompanied by downregulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), cell division cycle (Cdc) 25B, and Cdc25C leading to Tyr15 phosphorylation of Cdk1 (inactivation). The DATS‐mediated mitotic arrest correlated with inactivation of anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome as evidenced by accumulation of its substrates cyclinB1 and securin. The DATS treatment increased activating phosphorylation of Chk1 (Ser317) and transient transfection with Chk1‐targeted siRNA conferred significant protection against DATS‐induced mitotic arrest in both cell lines. The Chk1 protein knockdown also afforded partial yet statistically significant protection against apoptotic DNA fragmentation and caspase‐3 activation resulting from DATS exposure in both LNCaP and HCT‐116 cells. Even though DATS treatment resulted in stabilization and Ser15 phosphorylation of p53, the knockdown of p53 protein failed to rescue DATS‐induced mitotic arrest. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that Chk1 dependence of DATS‐induced mitotic arrest in human cancer cells is not influenced by the p53 status and cells arrested in mitosis upon DATS exposure are driven to apoptotic DNA fragmentation. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Devecioglu Omer , Anak Sema , Atay Didem , Aktan Pinar , Devecioglu Esra , Ozalp Beril , Saribeyoglu Ebru 
Published: May 2009

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) may be familial or secondary to infections, malignancies, metabolic disorders. Infectious causes are mostly viral and EBV is the mostly frequently seen etiologic agent. In this case, we report a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who had three episodes of secondary HLH, possibly due to two different viral etiologies, namely CMV and RSV together with her malignancy, during her induction‐consolidation treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:491–492. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post cardiac transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder presenting as t(8;14) Burkitt leukaemia/lymphoma treated with low intensity chemotherapy and rituximab
Authors: Windebank Kevin , Walwyn Tom , Kirk Richard , Parry Gareth , Hasan Asif , Bown Nick , Wilkins Bridget 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackgroundPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) occasionally presents as Burkitt lymphoma/L3 leukaemia (BLL).ProcedureWe reviewed records of cases of PTLD post‐cardiac transplantation (1990–2007) occurring in our unit.ResultsThere were 15 episodes in 13 patients including four cases of EBV‐driven Burkitt‐type disease with t(8;14) translocations presenting with advanced stage disease. The first case was treated with a variety of low dose chemotherapy combinations. Despite problems during therapy he obtained complete remission, but died from complications of pre‐existing cardiac allograft vasculopathy 7 months later. The subsequent three cases were treated with a UKCCSG low stage lymphoma protocol, NHL 9001 and Rituximab. They remain in complete remission.ConclusionsIn the context of PTLD the prognostic significance of advanced stage EBV‐driven BLL with the t(8;14) translocation may be different to that in immunocompetent children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:392–396. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of elastic compression stockings for post‐thrombotic syndrome in a child
Authors: Biss Tina T. , Kahr Walter H.A. , Brandão Leonardo R. , Chan Anthony K.C. , Thomas Karen E. , Williams Suzan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPost‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a potential complication following deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children. Guidelines for management of PTS in children are non‐existent. The absence of guidelines may limit the use of elastic compression stockings (ECS), offered for prevention and treatment of PTS in adults. We report the case of a 6‐year‐old, who developed PTS following a presumed line‐related lower limb DVT, with dramatic improvement in functional status with ECS use. The presented case highlights the subtle nature of symptoms, potential benefits and limitations of ECS use for PTS, and current lack of evidence in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:462–463. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The thermal regime of permafrost and its susceptibility to degradation in upland terrain near Inuvik, N.W.T.
Authors: Burn C. R. , Mackay J. R. , Kokelj S. V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMean near‐surface ground temperatures in upland terrain near Inuvik range between −4°C and −1.2°C and the thickness of permafrost is about 90 m. The warm permafrost is due to the relatively deep snow cover that accumulates in the open‐canopy forest. Changes in surface conditions may lead to permafrost degradation in this environment, as is evident from elevated ground temperatures beneath disturbed surfaces in a gravel pit, in terrain burned by forest fire and where the snow depth has been increased by fencing. The values for mean annual ground temperature near Inuvik are lower end‐members of the distribution of ground temperatures in the boreal forests of northwest Canada. The range in the mean temperature of near‐surface permafrost throughout this 1200‐km wide belt (from 0°C to about −4°C) is comparable to the range over 100 km northwards from Inuvik across the treeline (from about −4°C to −8°C). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada.
Identification of neutralizing conformational epitopes on the human papillomavirus type 31 major capsid protein and functional implications
Authors: Fleury Maxime J. J. , Touzé Antoine , Maurel Marie‐Christine , Moreau Thierry , Coursaget Pierre 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the conformational neutralizing epitopes of the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 31. Analysis of the epitopes was performed by competitive epitope mapping using 15 anti‐HPV31 and by reactivity analysis using a HPV31 mutant with an insertion of a seven‐amino acid motif within the FG loop of the capsid protein. Fine mapping of neutralizing conformational epitopes on HPV L1 was analyzed by a new approach using a system displaying a combinatorial library of constrained peptides exposed on E. coli flagella. The findings demonstrate that the HPV31 FG loop is dense in neutralizing epitopes and suggest that HPV31 MAbs bind to overlapping but distinct epitopes on the central part of the FG loop, in agreement with the exposure of the FG loop on the surface of HPV VLPs, and thus confirming that neutralizing antibodies are mainly located on the tip of capsomeres. In addition, we identified a crossreacting and partially crossneutralizing conformational epitope on the relatively well conserved N‐terminal part of the FG loop. Moreover, our findings support the hypothesis that there is no correlation between neutralization and the ability of MAbs to inhibit VLP binding to heparan sulfate, and confirm that the blocking of virus attachment to the extracellular matrix is an important mechanism of neutralization.
Alanine substitutions of noncysteine residues in the cysteine‐stabilized αβ motif
Authors: Yang Ying‐Fang , Cheng Kuo‐Chang , Tsai Ping‐Hsing , Liu Chung‐Cheng , Lee Tian‐Ren , Ping‐Chiang Lyu  
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe protein scaffold is a peptide framework with a high tolerance of residue modifications. The cysteine‐stabilized αβ motif (CSαβ) consists of an α‐helix and an antiparallel triple‐stranded β‐sheet connected by two disulfide bridges. Proteins containing this motif share low sequence identity but high structural similarity and has been suggested as a good scaffold for protein engineering. The Vigna radiate defensin 1 (VrD1), a plant defensin, serves here as a model protein to probe the amino acid tolerance of CSαβ motif. A systematic alanine substitution is performed on the VrD1. The key residues governing the inhibitory function and structure stability are monitored. Thirty‐two of 46 residue positions of VrD1 are altered by site‐directed mutagenesis techniques. The circular dichroism spectrum, intrinsic fluorescence spectrum, and chemical denaturation are used to analyze the conformation and structural stability of proteins. The secondary structures were highly tolerant to the amino acid substitutions; however, the protein stabilities were varied for each mutant. Many mutants, although they maintained their conformations, altered their inhibitory function significantly. In this study, we reported the first alanine scan on the plant defensin containing the CSαβ motif. The information is valuable to the scaffold with the CSαβ motif and protein engineering.
Persistence, metabolism and safety evaluation of thiamethoxam in tomato crop
Authors: Karmakar Rajib , Kulshrestha Gita 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been widely accepted for use in various crops, including vegetables, owing to its high efficacy against various chewing and sucking insect pests. In this particular study, the authors examined the residue dynamics of this insecticide in tomato and soil and calculated a safety index for this insecticide in an Indian context.RESULTS: In tomato fruits, the insecticide dissipated from 82 to 87% in 10 days with a half‐life of 4 days, whereas dissipation in soil, under tomato crop, varied between 72 and 75% in 15 days with a half‐life of 9 days. Total residues reached below detectable level in 15 days in tomato fruits and 20 days in soil. Maximum damage (30%) was found in control plots, as opposed to 8–10% of fruit damage in treated plots. One degradation product was detected on the tomato fruit surface, and three metabolites were identified in tomato fruits by the LC‐MS technique. The metabolites have been reported for the first time in tomato fruits.CONCLUSION: Thiamethoxam at normal and double the recommended use rate effectively controlled aphids, whiteflies and Helicoverpa, as the insect population decreased to a minimum within 10 days of spraying in comparison with the control. There was no significant difference between the two rates of application, and both thiamethoxam treatments significantly increased tomato fruit yield compared with the untreated control. A maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.05 mg kg−1 for tomato has been proposed, with a corresponding preharvest interval (PHI) of 8 days. These parallel advances in toxicology and analytical chemistry have strengthened the observations that thiamethoxam can be used safely and efficiently in crop protection programmes. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Extraction of allyl isothiocyanate from horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) and its fumigant insecticidal activity on four stored‐product pests of paddy
Authors: Wu Hua , Zhang Guo‐An , Zeng Shuiyun , Lin Kai‐chun 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Isothiocyanates (ITCs) extracted from Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., May & Scherb. have been shown previously to have insecticidal activity. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a major component of ITCs with high volatility, was therefore extracted using different methods and tested as a fumigant against four major pest species of stored products, maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), lesser grain borer Rhizopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium ferrugineum (F.) and book louse Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein).RESULTS: Whereas there was no significant difference between hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction in extraction rate for AITC from A. rusticana, both methods resulted in higher extraction efficiency than water extraction. AITC fumigation showed strong toxicity to the four species of stored‐product pests. Adult mortality of 100% of all four pest species, recorded after 72 h exposure to AITC fumes at an atmospheric concentration of 3 µg mL−1, showed no significant difference from that of insects exposed to phosphine at 5 µg mL−1, the recommended dose for phosphine.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest good insecticidal efficacy of AITC against the four stored‐product pests, with non‐gaseous residuals on stored products. AITC obtained from A. rusticana may be an alternative to phosphine and methyl bromide against the four pest species. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Measurement and analysis of shocks to products packaged in pails in single parcel ground shipments
Authors: Singh Sher Paul , Singh Jay , Kittipinyovath Pakapol 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe objective of this study was to measure and analyse the shocks and impacts experienced by pails in the single parcel distribution environment, with and without a secondary corrugated shipper. The study was conducted in the FedEx Ground shipping environment in the USA. Instrumented 5 gal pails were shipped with and without an outer corrugated box, and with and without handling (precautionary warning) labels, from East Lansing, Michigan to destinations in California and New York. Data recorders were used to collect and analyse shock distribution data (drop heights, drop orientations and number of drops). The results showed that the precautionary labels had no effect in improving the handling or reducing the drop height levels for both corrugated boxes and pails in this environment. Pails without boxes experienced 10 drops per one‐way trip with an average drop height of 0.23 m (9 in). Pails with boxes experienced 18 drops per one‐way trip with a higher average drop height of 0.30 m (12 in), which amounted to 80% more drops at a 25% higher drop height level than pails without boxes. Impact orientations of pails without boxes showed that 60% of the drops occurred on the sides, and 40% on the bottom. Pails shipped in corrugated boxes showed 22% of the drops occurred on the bottoms, 34% on the side faces, 28% on edges and remaining 16% on the corners. The data collected was analysed to develop pre‐shipment package performance tests that can be conducted in a lab environment. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Atlantic inflow to the Saharan heat low: observations and modelling
Authors: Grams C. M. , Jones S. C. , Marsham J. H. , Parker D. J. , Haywood J. M. , Heuveline V. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe inflow of relatively cold and stably stratified air from the Atlantic Ocean into western Mauritania and into the southwestern part of the Saharan heat low is studied using the mesoscale COSMO model. This model was used to provide operational forecasts for the GERBILS field campaign, which was conducted by the Met Office in West Africa in June 2007. The forecasts were validated against airborne measurements as well as satellite imagery and were found to represent the main synoptic features of the region accurately.A complex mesoscale feature in western Mauritania, which we call the Atlantic Inflow, was identified in the COSMO model output. The main component of the Atlantic Inflow is the sea breeze and associated front. The sea breeze interacts with larger‐scale, higher‐altitude fluctuations in the thermal and humidity advection. During the day the balance between horizontal advection of cool maritime air and turbulence in the convective boundary layer over land results in a stationary sea breeze front at the coast. Once turbulence dies down in the evening, the sea breeze front penetrates inland. Above the sea breeze layer, thermal advection in the Saharan Atmospheric Boundary Layer (SABL) also controls the structure of the Atlantic Inflow. A marked baroclinic zone was observed, in which the temperature and humidity made a relatively smooth transition from values typical of the Atlantic air to values characteristic of the SABL. Budget calculations showed that, through its cooling and occasional moistening at low levels, the Atlantic Inflow has an important impact on the regional heat and moisture budgets. Copyright © Royal Meteorological Society and Crown Copyright, 2009
Stability and robust position control of hysteretic systems
Authors: Valadkhan Sina , Morris Kirsten , Khajepour Amir 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPosition control of a wide class of hysteretic systems, which includes those described by a Preisach model, is considered. The main focus of this paper is stability, tracking and the trajectories of a hysteretic system controlled by a PI controller. The system output (not its derivative) is measured and controlled. It is shown that, for arbitrary reference signals, the closed‐loop system is bounded‐input–bounded‐output‐stable with a finite gain of one. Furthermore, the absolute value of the error decreases monotonically for a constant reference signal. In this case, provided that the desired output is within the limits of the system output, zero steady‐state error is guaranteed. A bound on the time required to achieve a specified error is obtained. Only a simple condition on the controller parameters is required. The results imply that stability and position control are guaranteed, even if large errors in the model exist. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure and resistant architecture against attacks for mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Rachedi Abderrezak , Benslimane Abderrahim 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new architecture based on an efficient trust model and secure distributed clustering algorithm (SDCA) in order to distribute a certification authority (CA) for ensuring the distribution of certificates in each cluster. We use the combination of a fully self‐organized security for trust models like pretty good privacy (PGP) adapted toad hoctechnology and the clustering algorithm which is based on the use of trust and mobility metrics, in order to select the clusterhead and to establish a public key infrastructure (PKI) in each cluster for authentication and exchange of data. Furthermore, we present a new approach: the dynamic demilitarized zone (DDMZ) to protect the CA in each cluster. The principal idea ofDDMZconsists in selecting the dispensable nodes, also called registration authorities (RAs); these nodes must be confident and located at one‐hope from theCA. Their roles are to receive, filter and treat the requests from any unknown node to theCA. With this approach, we can avoid the single point of failure in each cluster. Moreover, we propose a probabilistic model to define the direct connectivity between confident nodes in order to study the resistance degree of theDDMZagainst different attacks. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the proposedSDCAand we estimate the robustness and the availability ofDDMZthrough the simulations. The effects of direct connectivity and transmission range on the stability and security of the network are analyzed. The simulation's results confirm that the proposed architecture is scalable, secure, and more resistant against attacks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incremental dynamic analysis of high‐rise towers
Authors: Asgarian Behrouz , Yahyai Mahmood , Mirtaheri M. , Samani Hamid Rahmani , Alanjari Pejman 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe performance study of high‐rise towers has been attracting attention recently. Powerful analysis methods are used to assess local and global behaviour of tall structures. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) is one the most powerful methods for accurate estimation of seismic performance of structures.In this paper, IDA is applied on high‐rise towers, specifically Tehran telecommunication tower. Three different finite element models have been developed. The first model is a two‐dimensional fibre beam element model on which IDA is applied. The other two models are finely meshed three‐dimensional elastic and inelastic multi‐axial‐element‐based models, which are used to investigate the validity of the two‐dimensional model. Furthermore, the efficiency of different Intensity Measures and Engineering Demand Parameters is investigated. The results show that there is a good agreement between the results of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional models in linear and nonlinear domains. It is also observed that Sa(T1) is more efficient than peak ground acceleration (PGA) as spectral acceleration is a structural specific intensity measure in comparison with, which is site‐specific. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.