bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JavAdaptor—Flexible runtime updates of Java applications
Authors: Pukall Mario , Kästner Christian , Cazzola Walter , Götz Sebastian , Grebhahn Alexander , Schröter Reimar , Saake Gunter 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYSoftware is changed frequently during its life cycle. New requirements come, and bugs must be fixed. To update an application, it usually must be stopped, patched, and restarted. This causes time periods of unavailability, which is always a problem for highly available applications. Even for the development of complex applications, restarts to test new program parts can be time consuming and annoying. Thus, we aim at dynamic software updates to update programs at runtime. There is a large body of research on dynamic software updates, but so far, existing approaches have shortcomings either in terms of flexibility or performance. In addition, some of them depend on specific runtime environments and dictate the program's architecture. We present JavAdaptor, the first runtime update approach based on Java that (a) offers flexible dynamic software updates, (b) is platform independent, (c) introduces only minimal performance overhead, and (d) does not dictate the program architecture. JavAdaptor combines schema changing class replacements by class renaming and caller updates with Java HotSwap using containers and proxies. It runs on top of all major standard Java virtual machines. We evaluate our approach's applicability and performance in non‐trivial case studies and compare it with existing dynamic software update approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery and provision of content in vehicular networks
Authors: Malandrino Francesco , Casetti Claudio , Chiasserini Carla‐Fabiana 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTWe address the problem of content discovery and provision in vehicular networks with infrastructure, when a publish/subscribe paradigm is applied. In the scenario we consider, vehicular users can be providers and consumers of generic information content, which is available through the vehicular network itself. Special infrastructure nodes act as information brokers and aid vehicles in content retrieval and dissemination. We study the performance of such a scheme by evaluating the probability that a content requested by a vehicle can be found and successfully delivered to the querying vehicle. To ensure high success probability, we design a credit‐based scheme integrated with a feedback‐based mechanism. The combined use of credit and feedback entices rational users to provide their content when requested by other users (thus discouraging free‐riding behavior), and guarantees that no user is unduly burdened by too many requests for the same content (thus guaranteeing users a fair treatment). Also, through a banning mechanism that temporarily inhibits service to misbehaving users, we effectively counter malicious users whose sole objective is to disrupt the system. Using a simple game‐theoretic formulation, we prove that these mechanisms ensure that cooperation is the best choice for rational users. The performance of our scheme for discovery and provision of content is shown through ns‐3 simulations, by using a real‐world road topology and realistic vehicular traces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An overview of social network analysis
Authors: Oliveira Márcia , Gama João 
Published: February 2012

AbstractData mining is being increasingly applied to social networks. Two relevant reasons are the growing availability of large volumes of relational data, boosted by the proliferation of social media web sites, and the intuition that an individual's connections can yield richer information than his/her isolate attributes. This synergistic combination can show to be germane to a variety of applications such as churn prediction, fraud detection and marketing campaigns. This paper attempts to provide a general and succinct overview of the essentials of social network analysis for those interested in taking a first look at this area and oriented to use data mining in social networks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Science and Technology
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Social Considerations
Combination of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone with human menopausal gonadotrophin or recombinant luteinizing hormone in a long gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone agonist protocol: a retrospective study
Authors: Raju Gottumukkala Achyuta Rama , Teng S. C. , Kavitha Prathigudupu , Lakshmi Balabomma Kavitha , Ravikrishna Cheemakurthi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effect of supplementation with recombinant human luteinizing hormone (rhLH) for patients treated either with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) plus rhLH or with rFSH plus human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) in a long gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist‐stimulation protocol.MethodsA single‐centre, retrospective analysis of patients with hypo responsiveness to a long GnRH agonist protocol (n = 174), with consecutive in‐vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles, compared the outcomes of long luteal GnRH agonist ovarian stimulation using rFSH combined with HMG (n = 100) versus rFSH combined with rhLH (n = 74). The endpoints included clinical pregnancy, number of oocytes retrieved, and total gonadotrophin dose.ResultsSignificantly more clinical pregnancies were achieved after stimulation with rFSH and rhLH than after stimulation with rFSH and HMG (35.1 vs. 19%, p < 0.01). More oocytes were recovered (13.1 vs. 11.3, p = 0.024) with less FSH utilized in the rFSH and rhLH group than in the rFSH and HMG group (2706.4 vs. 4134.2 U, p < 0.001).ConclusionsUse of rFSH combined with rhLH in long GnRH agonist assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles was associated with more clinical pregnancies, recovery of more oocytes, and reduction in gonadotrophin use, suggesting that the superior purity and consistency of rFSH and rhLH may result in better clinical outcomes.
Le cancer du testicule : facteurs de risque génétiques et environnementaux
Authors: Jouannet P. 
Published: February 2012

RésuméL'incidence du cancer du testicule (CT), qui est inégale d'une région à l'autre, progresse dans la plupart des pays y compris la France. L'origine la plus probable du CT est la non différenciation de cellules germinales souches pendant la vie fœtale. Ces cellules, maintenues dans un état immature, pourraient proliférer pour former une tumeur après la puberté. La fréquence de son association avec une cryptorchidie ou une infertilité a conduit à formuler l'hypothèse que le CT pouvait être un des constituants du syndrome de dysgénésie testiculaire. Le rôle des facteurs génétiques est suggéré par la fréquence de cas familiaux de CT mais aucun gène clairement responsable du cancer n'a été identifié jusqu'à présent. Parmi les nombreux gènes étudiés, ce sont ceux contrôlant la voie KITLG/KIT, qui participe à la régulation de la prolifération et de la fonction des cellules germinales primordiales, qui semblent jouer le rôle principal. Les études faites sur des populations migrantes et les jumeaux suggèrent par ailleurs que des facteurs environnementaux pourraient jouer un rôle essentiel dans la genèse du CT. Des dérégulations hormonales pendant la vie fœtale ou la puberté pourraient notamment favoriser le développement de CT. Cependant, l'exposition à des substances exogènes agissant comme des perturbateurs endocriniens est encore à démontrer.
Positive fantasies dampen charitable giving when many resources are demanded
Authors: Kappes Heather Barry , Sharma Eesha , Oettingen Gabriele 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPrevious research found that positive fantasies about an idealized future yield low energy to pursue the fantasized future. We examined how positive fantasies about the resolution of a crisis (i.e., a lack of pain medication in Sierra Leone, the risk of flooding after Hurricane Irene) influence people's agreement to donate to charitable efforts directed at crisis resolution. In three studies, positive fantasies dampened the likelihood of agreeing to donate a relatively large amount of money, effort, or time, but did not affect the likelihood of agreeing to donate a relatively small amount of these resources. The effect of positive fantasies was mediated by perceiving the donation of larger (but not smaller) amounts of resources as overly demanding. These findings suggest that charitable solicitations requesting small donations might benefit from stimulating positive fantasies in potential donors, but those requesting large donations could be hurt.
Indirubin derivatives induce apoptosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells involving inhibition of Stat5 signaling
Authors: Nam Sangkil , Scuto Anna , Yang Fan , Chen WenYong , Park Sungman , Yoo Hwa-Seung , Konig Heiko , Bhatia Ravi , Cheng Xinlai , Merz Karl-Heinz , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Jove Richard 
Published: February 2012

Indirubin is the major active anti‐tumor component of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). While previous studies indicate that indirubin is a promising therapeutic agent for CML, the molecular mechanism of action of indirubin is not fully understood. We report here that indirubin derivatives (IRDs) potently inhibit Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5 (Stat5) protein in CML cells. Compound E804, which is the most potent in this series of IRDs, blocked Stat5 signaling in human K562 CML cells, imatinib‐resistant human KCL‐22 CML cells expressing the T315I mutant Bcr‐Abl (KCL‐22M), and CD34‐positive primary CML cells from patients. Autophosphorylation of Src family kinases (SFKs) was strongly inhibited in K562 and KCL‐22M cells at 5 μM E804, and in primary CML cells at 10 μM E804, although higher concentrations partially inhibited autophosphorylation of Bcr‐Abl. Previous studies indicate that SFKs cooperate with Bcr‐Abl to activate downstream Stat5 signaling. Activation of Stat5 was strongly blocked by E804 in CML cells. E804 down‐regulated expression of Stat5 target proteins Bcl‐xL and Mcl‐1, associated with induction of apoptosis. In sum, our findings identify IRDs as potent inhibitors of the SFK/Stat5 signaling pathway downstream of Bcr‐Abl, leading to apoptosis of K562, KCL‐22M and primary CML cells. IRDs represent a promising structural class for development of new therapeutics for wild type or T315I mutant Bcr‐Abl‐positive CML patients.
Why do anxious children become depressed teenagers? The role of social evaluative threat and reward processing
Authors: Silk J. S. , Davis S. , McMakin D. L. , Dahl R. E. , Forbes E. E. 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundDepression is a leading cause of worldwide disability. Adolescence represents a key developmental window in which rates of this disorder increase markedly. Children with an anxiety disorder show a particular risk of developing depression during adolescence.MethodWe present and review evidence for a developmental model that considers the intersection of two vulnerabilities relevant to the trajectory from anxiety to depression: difficulties in response to potential social evaluation and changes in reward processing at puberty.ResultsEvidence suggests that these vulnerabilities (a) have been associated with depression, (b) are likely to be problematic in many, but not all, anxious youth, and (c) may be exacerbated by maturational processes that occur around pubertal development in ways that can create a negative spiral into a depressive disorder.ConclusionsWe discuss the possibility that early intervention strategies targeting key aspects of these vulnerabilities could alter the trajectory away from depression for many anxious youth.
L’après-parents: étude exploratoire sur les perceptions de mères qui vieillissent avec un adulte ayant une déficience intellectuelle
Authors: Bernard Marc-André , Goupil Georgette 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTFamilies of adults with an intellectual disability (ID) face post-parent transition when they can no longer assume their son’s or daughter’s care. This exploratory study aims to assess the perceptions of 12 mothers (Mage= 65.1; years,SD: 11) sharing a household with an adult with an ID (Mage= 36.9;SD: 11.4)): benefits and constraints of cohabitation, residence transition planning, perceptions and emotions about the future. The results of a questionnaire completed in an interview indicate that several mothers can envision siblings becoming potential caregivers for the future and that the transition generates emotions relating to their son’s or daughter’s welfare. However, participants’ planning of the transition is not advanced in most cases.
Fred Feldman, What is This Thing Called Happiness? (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), pp. xv + 286-ERRATUM.
Authors: Angner Erik 
Published: February 2012

The publishers regret to announce that some corrections in the article by Erik Angner1 were not incorporated in the final published version. The corrections are listed below.Page 459, line 52 – 53 should be Feldman's account hinges on a distinction between two kinds of pleasure.Page 461, line 142 should be George Mason University.
Altered expression of synapse and glutamate related genes in post-mortem hippocampus of depressed subjects
Authors: Duric Vanja , Banasr Mounira , Stockmeier Craig A. , Simen Arthur A. , Newton Samuel S. , Overholser James C. , Jurjus George J. , Dieter Lesa , Duman Ronald S. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been linked to changes in function and activity of the hippocampus, one of the central limbic regions involved in regulation of emotions and mood. The exact cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hippocampal plasticity in response to stress are yet to be fully characterized. In this study, we examined the genetic profile of micro-dissected subfields of post-mortem hippocampus from subjects diagnosed with MDD and comparison subjects matched for sex, race and age. Gene expression profiles of the dentate gyrus and CA1 were assessed by 48K human HEEBO whole genome microarrays and a subgroup of identified genes was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Pathway analysis revealed altered expression of several gene families, including cytoskeletal proteins involved in rearrangement of neuronal processes. Based on this and evidence of hippocampal neuronal atrophy in MDD, we focused on the expression of cytoskeletal, synaptic and glutamate receptor genes. Our findings demonstrate significant dysregulation of synaptic function/structure related genes SNAP25, DLG2 (SAP93), and MAP1A, and 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid receptor subunit genes GLUR1 and GLUR3. Several of these human target genes were similarly dysregulated in a rat model of chronic unpredictable stress and the effects reversed by antidepressant treatment. Together, these studies provide new evidence that disruption of synaptic and glutamatergic signalling pathways contribute to the pathophysiology underlying MDD and provide interesting targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
Pension fund finance and sponsoring companies
Authors: DAVIS E. PHILIP , DE HAAN LEO 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe present empirical evidence on the funding and portfolio allocation of around 200 Dutch corporate pension funds over the period 1996-2005, with a special focus on the influence of the sponsoring firm. We find that unprofitable and small firms contribute less to their pension funds than profitable and large firms, consistent with theories of capital market imperfections. Sponsor contributions are found to be positively correlated with leverage, suggesting that tax effects play a role. Defined benefit funds invest relatively more in equity and less in bonds than their defined contribution counterparts, which is in accordance with the risk shifting theory.
Study of the North West Cape electron belts observed by DEMETER satellite
Authors: Li Xinqiao , Ma Yuqian , Wang Ping , Wang Huanyu , Lu Hong , Zhang Xuemin , Huang Jianping , Shi Feng , Yu Xiaoxia , Xu Yanbing , Meng Xiangcheng , Wang Hui , Zhao Xiaoyun , Parrot M. 
Published: February 2012

We analyzed observation data collected by the Instrument for the Detection of Particles (IDP) on board the DEMETER satellite during a period of 17 months in 2007 and 2008. In the meantime, the VLF transmitter located at North West Cape (NWC) ground station was shut down during 7 months and working for a total of 10 months. By an (on‐off) method, our analysis for the first time revealed in detail the transient properties of the space electron precipitation belt which is induced by the man‐made VLF wave emitted from NWC. We mapped the electron flux distribution and figured out the space regions that the NWC belt covered. The NWC electron spectrograms have been investigated in a wide range of the McIlwain parameter L (1.1–3.0). Furthermore, we obtained the averaged energy spectra of the NWC electrons within the drift loss cone and compared their characteristics during daytime and nighttime. Our results confirm the previous studies of the enhancement of NWC electrons, the wisp structure, and the day/night difference of the electron flux. In addition, more detailed information is provided. We provide not only evidence of a momentary flux enhancement up to 3 orders of magnitude but also a flux reduction at higher L shells with a maximum up to 60% of the original value. For the first time, the energy spectra of NWC electrons covering the entire IDP energy band are presented for both nighttime and daytime and are quantitatively compared. At the end, our results are discussed, and their agreement with the theory of wave‐particle interactions is checked.
Different temperature dependence of excitonic and defect-related photoluminescence spectra in ZnS nanobelts and nanowires
Authors: Wang H Y , Wang C R , Xu J , Liu X , Xu X F , Xing H Z , Zhao L J , Chen X S 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In this paper, both excitonic and defect-related information of ZnS nanobelts and nanowires have been investigated by a temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. PL spectra of ZnS nanobelts and nanowires differ significantly in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible emission regions. In UV emission regions, due to high-quality crystals, free exciton B (FXB), free exciton A (FXA), FXA-one longitudinal optical (LO) phonon replica are observed in ZnS nanobelts, as well as free-to-bound (e, A) with its one LO phonon replica, while neutral-donor bound exciton (Do, X) and free-to-bound (e, A) are observed in ZnS nanowires at 10 K. The peak and relative intensity of the FX and (Do, X) versus temperature follow well with conventional empirical relations. In the visible emission regions, weak donor–acceptor pair (DAP) and self-activated (SA) emission from ZnS nanowires are commonly observed, but the Y band emission is only observed at 10 K in ZnS nanobelts. The Y band emission disappears at some temperature lower than 50 K. The peak position and full width at half maximum of DAP and SA emission bands display different temperature dependences. Detailed study on temperature-dependent PL spectra of ZnS nanobelts and nanowires provides crucial information on the nature of the electronic states and recombination mechanisms in these nanostructures.
Childhood and adolescent psychopathology and subsequent tobacco smoking in young adults: findings from an Australian birth cohort
Authors: Fischer Jane A. , Najman Jackob M. , Williams Gail M. , Clavarino Alexandra M. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAims  To examine whether child and adolescent psychopathology predicts subsequent tobacco use at 14 and 21 years of age.Design  Prospective birth cohort study.Setting  Data are taken from the Mater Misericordiae Hospital and University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes (MUSP), a prospective longitudinal study which recruited women at their first antenatal visit in Brisbane, Australia.Participants  A 5‐, 14‐ and 21‐year follow‐up of children whose mother's were recruited into the MUSP birth cohort study at their first antenatal visit.Measurements  Psychopathology exposure was measured using the Achenbach's Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) at 5 years, the Youth Self Report (YSR) at 14 years and the Young Adult Self Report (YASR) at 21 years. Outcome measures were the children's tobacco smoking status at the 14 and 21 years' follow‐up and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) based DSM‐IV nicotine dependence at 21 years' follow‐up.Findings  Externalizing symptoms had the strongest association with subsequent tobacco use. Children who met the criteria for CBCL aggression at 5 years were more likely to be tobacco smokers at the 14‐year follow‐up. YSR externalizing behaviours at the 14‐year follow‐up predicted tobacco smoking, but not DSM‐IV nicotine dependence at the 21‐year follow‐up. Internalizing behaviour (anxiety/depression) was associated with a reduced rate of smoking at the 14‐ and 21‐year follow‐ups, but externalizing behaviour and attention problems at 14 and 21 years were associated separately and cumulatively with nicotine dependence at the 21‐year follow‐up.Conclusion  Childhood and adolescent psychopathology predict tobacco smoking, but some forms of psychopathology predict increased (aggression/delinquency; attention problems) and other forms decreased (anxiety/depression) smoking. There may be some benefits in targeting children with early onset aggressive/delinquent behaviour problems with tobacco smoking prevention initiatives.
Description and quantification of pteropod shell dissolution: a sensitive bioindicator of ocean acidification
Authors: Bednaršek Nina , Tarling Geraint A , Bakker Dorothee CE , Fielding Sophie , Cohen Anne , Kuzirian Alan , McCorkle Dan , Lézé Bertrand , Montagna Roberto 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAnthropogenic ocean acidification is likely to have negative effects on marine calcifying organisms, such as shelled pteropods, by promoting dissolution of aragonite shells. Study of shell dissolution requires an accurate and sensitive method for assessing shell damage. Shell dissolution was induced through incubations in CO2‐enriched seawater for 4 and 14 days. We describe a procedure that allows the level of dissolution to be assessed and classified into three main types: Type I with partial dissolution of the prismatic layer; Type II with exposure of underlying crossed‐lamellar layer, and Type III, where crossed‐lamellar layer shows signs of dissolution. Levels of dissolution showed a good correspondence to the incubation conditions, with the most severe damage found in specimens held for 14 days in undersaturated condition (Ω ~ 0.8). This methodology enables the response of small pelagic calcifiers to acidified conditions to be detected at an early stage, thus making pteropods a valuable bioindicator of future ocean acidification.