bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIV Subtypes and Drug-resistance-associated Mutations in US Blood Donors, 2015–2020
Authors: Custer Brian , Altan Eda , Montalvo Leilani , Coyne Alison , Grebe Eduard , Deng Xutao , Stone Mars , Delwart Eric , Bakkour Sonia , Hailu Benyam , Reik Rita , Kessler Debra , Stramer Susan L , Busch Michael P ,   for the Transfusion Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS) Program, Notari E , Stramer S , Dodd R , Conti G , Fayed R , Nelson D , Townsend R , Foster G , Haynes J , Crawford E , Huseynova E , Krysztof D , Burke D , Lanteri M , Green V , Cyrus S , Williamson P , Kessler D , Gorlin J , Milan-Benson L , DelValle C , Chien P , Brown T , Reik R , Shea C , Lopez M , Richards K , Foster T , Brodsky J , Barr M , Rains T , Custer B , Bruhn R , Grebe E , Busch M , Stone M , Di Germanio C , Hindes D , Kaidarova Z , Zurita K , Tadena A , Montalvo L , Dayana A , Hughes S , Townsend M , Bravo M , Vannoy J , Fallon S , Anderson S , Whitaker B , Yang H , Belov A , Eder A , Hailu B , Zou S , Berger J , Custer Brian , Stramer Susan , Kessler Debra , Reik Rita , Williamson Phillip , Anderson Steven A , Hailu Benyam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Monitoring genotypes of HIV infections in blood donors may provide insights into infection trends in the general population.

Methods
HIV RNA was extracted from plasma samples of blood donors confirmed as HIV positive by blood screening nucleic acid and antibody tests. HIV genome target regions were amplified using nested real time-polymerase chain reaction followed by next-generation sequencing. Sequences were compared to those in the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) database. Sequences were also assessed for drug resistance mutations (DRM) using the Stanford HIV DRM Database.

Results
From available HIV-positive donations collected between 1 September 2015 and 31 December 2020, 563 of 743 (75.8%) were successfully sequenced; 4 were subtype A, 543 subtype B, 5 subtype C, 1 subtype G, 5 circulating recombinant forms (CRF), and 2 were subtype B and D recombinants. Overall, no significant differences between blood donor and available LANL genotypes were found, and the genotypes of newly acquired versus prevalent HIV infections in donors were similar. The proportion of non-B subtypes and CRF remained a small fraction, with no other subtype or CRF representing more than 1% of the total. DRM were identified in 122 (21.6%) samples with protease inhibitor, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor DRMs identified in 4.9%, 4.6% and 14.0% of samples, respectively.

Conclusions
HIV genetic diversity and DRM in blood donors appear representative of circulating HIV infections in the US general population and may provide more information on infection diversity than sequences reported to LANL, particularly for recently transmitted infections.
The Music of Urban Lăutari in Southern Romania
Authors: Rădulescu Speranţa , Beissinger Margaret Hiebert 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, two types of oral traditional music created and performed by professional Romani musicians (lăutari) emerged in southern Romanian cities and towns. The first, an instrumental genre, was aimed mainly at the middle class and expressed aspirations of creating a national popular cultural symbol in both local and European terms: arii naţionale (national arias). This genre would endure as an aural emblem of the Romanian nation for a long time. The second, muzica lăutărească (lăutar music), song and dance genres that developed among in-group Romani musicians, became a representative emblem of race and occupation. Later on, people of all ethnicities in poor, outlying, urban neighborhoods adopted it under an alternative name: muzica de mahala (slum music). The discussion of these urban expressive forms includes considerations of historical, musical, textual, social, political, and racial perspectives.
Intra-chloroplast proteases: A holistic network view of chloroplast proteolysis
Authors: van Wijk Klaas J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Different proteases and peptidases are present within chloroplasts and nonphotosynthetic plastids to process precursor proteins and to degrade cleaved chloroplast transit peptides and damaged, misfolded, or otherwise unwanted proteins. Collectively, these proteases and peptidases form a proteolysis network, with complementary activities and hierarchies, and build-in redundancies. Furthermore, this network is distributed across the different intra-chloroplast compartments (lumen, thylakoid, stroma, envelope). The challenge is to determine the contributions of each peptidase (system) to this network in chloroplasts and nonphotosynthetic plastids. This will require an understanding of substrate recognition mechanisms, degrons, substrate, and product size limitations, as well as the capacity and degradation kinetics of each protease. Multiple extra-plastidial degradation pathways complement these intra-chloroplast proteases. This review summarizes our current understanding of these intra-chloroplast proteases in Arabidopsis and crop plants with an emphasis on considerations for building a qualitative and quantitative network view.
A Draft Genome Resource for the Cacao Thread Blight-Causing Fungal Pathogen Marasmiellus scandens
Authors: Baruah Indrani K. , Leung Jason , Amoako-Attah Ishmael , Bukari Yahaya , Meinhardt Lyndel W. , Bailey Bryan A. , Cohen Stephen P. 
Published: June 2024

Members of the Marasmiinaea suborder of basidiomycetous fungi cause thread blight disease (TBD) in cacao, Theobroma cacao, and are a threat to chocolate production worldwide. The most cited causal agent of TBD is Marasmiellus scandens; however, among recent TBD-causing Marasmiinaea isolations in Ghana, only 8% were M. scandens. Nonetheless, owing to the emerging threat of TBD to cacao, generating a high-quality genome assembly of the pathogen M. scandens is of considerable importance. This announcement describes our assembly, annotation, and release of a draft nuclear genome for M. scandens strain GH-19 using a hybrid assembly approach combining long- and short-read sequencing data. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Between Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Versus Posterior Cervical Laminoplasty for Multilevel Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Lee Yunsoo , Trenchfield Delano , Berthiaume Emily , Tomlak Alexa , Narayanan Rajkishen , Brush Parker , Heard Jeremy , Maddy Krisna , Issa Tariq , Lambrechts Mark , Kaye Ian David , Mangan John , Grasso Giovanni , Canseco Jose , Vaccaro Alexander , Kepler Christopher , Schroeder Gregory , Hilibrand Alan 
Published: June 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective Cohort.

Objective:
To compare patient-reported outcomes and surgical outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus cervical laminoplasty for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Background:
Treatment options for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy include ACDF and cervical laminoplasty. Given that the literature has been mixed regarding the optimal approach, especially in patients without kyphosis, there is a need for additional studies investigating outcomes between ACDF and cervical laminoplasty.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of adult patients undergoing 3 or 4-level surgery. Patients with preoperative kyphosis based on C2–C7 Cobb angles were excluded. The electronic medical record and institutional databases were reviewed for baseline characteristics, surgical outcomes, and patient-reported outcomes.

Results:
A total of 101 patients who underwent ACDF and 52 patients who underwent laminoplasty were included in the study. The laminoplasty cohort had a higher overall Charlson Comorbidity Index (3.10 ± 1.43 vs 2.39 ± 1.57, P = 0.011). Both groups had a comparable number of levels decompressed, C2–C7 lordosis, and diagnosis of myelopathy versus myeloradiculopathy. Patients who underwent laminoplasty had a longer length of stay (2.04 ± 1.15 vs 1.48 ± 0.70, P = 0.003) but readmission, complication, and revision rates were similar. Both groups had similar improvement in myelopathy scores (∆modified Japanese Orthopedic Association: 1.11 ± 3.09 vs 1.06 ± 3.37, P = 0.639). ACDF had greater improvement in Neck Disability Index (∆Neck Disability Index: −11.66 ± 19.2 vs −1.13 ± 11.2, P < 0.001), neck pain (∆Visual Analog Scale–neck: −2.69 ± 2.78 vs −0.83 ± 2.55, P = 0.003), and arm pain (∆Visual Analog Scale–arm: −2.47 ± 3.15 vs −0.48 ± 3.19, P = 0.010). These findings persisted in multivariate analysis except for Neck Disability Index.

Conclusion:
ACDF and cervical laminoplasty appear equally efficacious at halting myelopathic progression. However, patients who underwent ACDF had greater improvements in arm pain at 1 year postoperatively. Longitudinal studies evaluating the efficacy of laminoplasty to mitigate adjacent segment disease are indicated to establish a robust risk-benefit assessment for these 2 procedures.

Level of Evidence:
III.
Endometriosis in Patients Undergoing Plastic Surgical Procedures: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Harrah Payden C. , Deering Augustine J. , Chung Michael T. , Hughes Kenneth , Hosein Rayaad C. 
Published: June 2024

Background:Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder described as the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus, which can also be found in extrapelvic locations. Although patients seeking treatment for endometriosis usually present to gynecologists, there are rare cases of endometriosis encountered by plastic surgeons in routine practice, either incidentally or as a concomitant finding.Methods:We present a rare case of a 36-year-old woman with symptoms of panniculitis desiring panniculectomy. During surgery, an abdominal mass was excised and confirmed by pathological analysis to be endometriosis. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed search engine of the National Institutes of Health to identify cases of endometriosis in plastic surgery. Following screening of the results, 14 articles were included in this analysis that fit the criteria of our search.Results:Of the 14 articles reviewed, cutaneous endometriosis was the most common subtype found in plastic surgery. None of the studies described findings of endometriosis in routine panniculectomies. Several identified endometriosis discovered during cosmetic abdominoplasties.Conclusions:Endometriosis encountered in plastic surgery is a rare but clinically important occurrence, with the cutaneous subtype representing the majority of cases. Endometriosis should always be on the differential diagnosis when an abdominal mass is found in a patient with a history of abdominal surgery. Abdominal masses found during routine aesthetic or reconstructive surgery should be submitted for tissue analysis to guide possible secondary treatments.
Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltration and Collagen Type III Disorganization in Human Secondary Lymphedema: A Case-control Study
Authors: Spörlein Andreas , Hirche Christoph , Berner Juan Enrique , Kneser Ulrich , Will Patrick A. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Secondary lymphedema (SL) affects 120 million people globally, posing a lifelong burden for up to 37% of cancer survivors. Chronic inflammation and progressive fibrosis are key drivers of SL, yet detailed characterization of immune cell subpopulations across lymphedema stages is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the immunologic profile of lymphedematous skin and its association with extracellular matrix changes, which could serve as clinical biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

Methods:
This case-control study analyzed the skin from 36 patients with and without SL, using immunofluorescence to quantify T cells, B cells, macrophages, and their subpopulations. Collagen quantity and composition were examined using picrosirius red staining, and mast cell infiltration was assessed with toluidine blue staining. Early and late SL stages were compared to identify histomorphological and immunologic correlates of stage progression.

Results:
We found a predominance of CD4+ T cells and mast cells in SL skin (1.4/mm² versus 1.0/mm², P < 0.01; 1.2/mm² versus 0.2/mm², P < 0.0001) and a higher ratio of collagen III to collagen I fibers (51.6% versus 75.0%, P < 0.001). M2 macrophages were more abundant in late-stage than in early-stage lymphedema (1.7/mm² versus 1.0/mm², P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated a shift toward CD4+ T cell and mast cell infiltration in SL skin, correlating with extracellular matrix disorganization and an altered collagen III/I ratio. These findings enhance our understanding of the cellular and morphological changes in SL, potentially guiding future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Prediction Model for Defects in Lead and Lead-free Aprons
Authors: Kellens Pieter-Jan , De Hauwere An , Bayart Sandrine , Bacher Klaus , Loeys Tom 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Personal radiation protective equipment (PRPE) is prone to defects in the attenuating layers, resulting in inadequate protection. Hence, quality control (QC) of PRPE is needed to assess its integrity. Unfortunately, QC of PRPE is laborious and time consuming. This study aimed to predict the QC outcome of PRPE without x-ray imaging based on readily available predictors. PRPE QC data of a general hospital from 2018 to 2023 was used for both prediction models based on logistic regression and random forests (RF). The data were divided into a training set containing all data from 2018 to 2022 and a holdout set containing the data from 2023. The predictors were brand, age, size, type, visual defects, and department. The prediction performances were compared using confusion matrices and visualized with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Prediction accuracies of at least 80% were achieved. Further model tuning especially improved the RF model to a precision up to 97% with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 86%. All predictors, except visual defects, significantly impacted the probability of passing. The predictor brand had the largest contribution to the predictive performance. The difference in pass probability between the best-performing and the worst-performing brand was 35.1%. The results highlight the potential of predicting PRPE QC outcome without x rays. The proposed prediction approach is a significant contribution to an effective QC strategy by reducing time consuming x-ray QC tests and focusing on garments with higher probability of being defective. Further research is recommended.
Augmented renal clearance in neurocritical care patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ramírez-Guerrero Gonzalo , Vera-Calzaretta Aldo , Torres-Cifuentes Vicente , Sandoval Rosa , Lucero Cristian , Villagrán-Cortés Francisco , Hauway Ernesto , Garay Osvaldo 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Augmented renal clearance (ARC) in critical patients is concerning because it is associated with subtherapeutic antimicrobial or antiepileptic drug concentrations, increased length of stay, and possibly higher mortality. This study aimed to describe the characteristics between ARTIC score and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the neurocritical care population.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the neurocritical care unit. Patients admitted to the neurocritical care unit between 2016 and 2018 with a stay longer than 48 h were retrospectively analyzed regarding the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of ARC.

Results:
An ARTIC score of 6 or higher was present in 54.2% of patients, and 5.0% met the criteria for ARC due to eGFRCKD-EPI. The incidence of AKI was 23.5%. Polyuria was observed in 50.0% of patients, and hyponatremia and hypernatremia were observed in 16.9% and 40.9% of patients, respectively.

Conclusion:
ARC is a common phenomenon in the neurocritical care unit, especially in younger patients without cardiovascular comorbidities, and was associated with less acute kidney injury and less mortality.
Climate change and its implications for kidney health
Authors: Goldfarb David S. , Patel Anuj A. 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
Extremes of weather as a result of climate change are affecting social, economic and health systems. Kidney health is being threatened by global warming while treatment of kidney disease is contributing to increasing resource utilization and leaving a substantial carbon footprint. Improved physician awareness and patient education are needed to mitigate the risk.

Recent findings
Rising temperatures are changing kidney disease patterns, with increasing prevalence of acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease and kidney stones. These issues disproportionately affect people suffering from social inequality and limited access to resources.

Summary
In this article, we review the effects of climate change on kidney stones, and acute and chronic kidney injury. Finally, we discuss the impact of renal replacement therapies on the environment and proposed ways to mitigate it.
Emerging liver infection of Veillonella parvula associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case report
Authors: Malkoc Aldin , Mamoun Lana , Cremat Danielle , Barmanwalla Amira , Phan Alexander , Daoud Amanda , Perez Kevin , Woodward Brandon 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Veillonella parvula is a bacteria that can be found in normal oral and gastrointestinal flora. Veillonella infection is rare in immunocompetent patients but is known to cause periorbital cellulitis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis and bacteremia; however, its association with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has not been previously documented.

Case presentation:
A 36-year-old female with no known history who presented with right-sided chest, flank and upper abdominal pain after a motor vehicle accident. Computed tomography showed multiple right rib fractures, small right pneumothorax, and a grade 4 liver laceration with active extravasation of the posterior aspect of the right liver lobe. Over the hospital course, the patient developed ARDS and was intubated for hypoxemia. A right posterior liver abscess was percutaneously drained, with a copious amount of air and ~30 ml turbid fluid aspirated. Cultures from the liver abscess grew Veillonella parvula. She was treated with Micafungin, Levofloxacin, and Metronidazole for the hepatic abscess, and was discharged home with outpatient follow-up.

Discussion:
The authors present one of the first reported cases of a V. parvula infected liver abscess associated with ARDS in an immunocompetent patient.

Conclusion:
These clinical findings are unique due to the nature of our patient’s ARDS onset and the dearth of similar cases in the literature. The favorable outcome of our patient was due to a multidisciplinary and early identification of a V. parvula hepatic abscess. The authors’ findings contribute to the future management of V. parvula and a greater understanding of its disseminating effects and presentation in immunocompetent patients.
Associations Between PrEP Stigma, PrEP Confidence, and PrEP Adherence: Conditional Indirect Effects of Anticipated HIV Stigma
Authors: Yigit Ibrahim , Budhwani Henna , Rainer Crissi B. , Claude Kristina , Muessig Kathryn E. , Hightow-Weidman Lisa B. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Research has linked stigma surrounding preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to poor HIV prevention outcomes, including PrEP adherence. However, there remains a limited understanding of the mechanisms through which PrEP stigma affects PrEP adherence, specifically among sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth. In this study, we aimed to investigate the indirect effect of PrEP stigma on PrEP adherence through PrEP confidence and the moderating role of anticipated HIV stigma.

Methods:
Participants included 235 SGM youth, assigned male sex at birth, aged 16–24, and self-reported HIV-negative, with an active PrEP prescription from the Prepared, Protected, emPowered randomized controlled trial. Participants were recruited from 9 clinics in the United States between 2019 and 2021. Using baseline data, we tested cross-sectional indirect and conditional indirect effects using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Process with confidence intervals and 2000 resamples.

Results:
We found significant indirect effects, suggesting that PrEP stigma was negatively associated with PrEP confidence, which in turn resulted in both monthly and weekly optimal PrEP adherence (Indirect effects: B = −0.11, Standard Error [SE] = 0.05, CI: [−0.244 to −0.032]; B = −0.09, SE = 0.04, CI: [−0.191 to −0.014], respectively). Anticipated HIV stigma moderated these indirect effects (B = −0.11, SE = 0.08, CI: [−0.315 to −0.001]; B = −0.09, SE = 0.06, CI: [−0.245 to −0.001], respectively), suggesting that the conditional indirect effects were significant at high but not low levels of anticipated HIV stigma.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that SGM youth who are on PrEP anticipating HIV stigma experience a compounding effect of PrEP stigma on PrEP confidence, consequently leading to suboptimal adherence. Interventions addressing the intersectionality of PrEP and HIV stigmas and enhancing confidence could improve PrEP adherence, particularly among SGM youth.
Use of Lean Management Methodology to Reduce the Rate of Unfinished Nursing Care in the Emergency Observation Room: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Yang Lixia , Zhen Cuixiang , Yao Yao 
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives:
The integration of lean management in optimizing nursing workflow necessitates the careful examination of several factors, including nurses’ work efficiency, patient experience, and health outcomes. To evaluate the extent of unfinished nursing care and patient satisfaction, we have incorporated the lean management approach into our quality improvement efforts. This proactive measure aims to address potential adverse outcomes, such as subpar inpatient experiences, escalated occurrence of adverse events, and decreased job satisfaction among nursing staff.

Methods:
We utilized the lean management methodology of value stream mapping in a specific facility between February and August 2021, aiming to pinpoint the crucial areas for enhancing nurses’ workflow. By employing fishbone diagrams, we thoroughly analyzed the underlying causes, and subsequently employed the Plan-Do-Study-Act model to execute interventions devised based on these identified causes. Interventions included: (1) specifying the time of doctors’ conventional rounds; (2) changing unreasonable scheduling; (3) employing 5S management to manage nursing supplies; and (4) eliminating duplicate papers and electronic reports.

Results:
After implementing these interventions, the rate of unfinished nursing reduced from 73.4% to 39.6%, and that of finished nursing care during the shift increased from 38.6% to 71.4%. Overtime was reduced from 37.2 ± 22.4 minutes to 14.1 ± 3.6 minutes. The total patient satisfaction score for the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire short-form increased (P < .05).

Conclusions:
The lean management of quality improvement methodologies provides effective enhancement to the work efficiency of nurses.