bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial biogenesis disorder and oxidative damage promote refractory apical periodontitis in rat and human
Authors: Wang Jun , Chen Yuge , Yuan Huina , Zhang Xuejia , Febbraio Maria , Pan Yihuai , Huang Shengbin , Liu Zhongfang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo elucidate whether mitochondrial biogenesis disorder and damage from oxidative stress promote refractory apical periodontitis (RAP) in rat and human.MethodologyTwenty Enterococcus faecalis‐induced RAPs were established in the maxillary first molars of male Wistar rats. Concurrently, 12 periapical lesion specimens from patients presenting with RAP were obtained by apicoectomy. Radiographic examination and histologic analysis were conducted to evaluate periapical bone tissue destruction and morphological changes. The expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC‐1α and Nrf2, were detected by immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and real‐time PCR were also assayed. Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) was identified by MitoSOX staining. Mitochondrial function was detected by the quantification of ATP production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. Furthermore, mitochondrial oxidative stress was evaluated by the determination of 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE) and 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) expression levels, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) expression and antioxidant capacity. Student's t‐test was performed to determine significance between the groups; p < .05 was considered significant.ResultsIn the maxilla, significantly more bone resorption, greater number of periapical apoptotic cells and Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive multinucleated cells were observed in the RAP group compared with the control group (p < .01). PGC‐1α and Nrf2 were significantly reduced in rat and human RAP lesions compared to the control group (p < .01) at both the mRNA and protein levels. Double immunofluorescence analysis of PGC‐1α or Nrf2 with TOMM20 also indicated that mitochondrial biogenesis was impaired in RAP group (p < .01). Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in RAP group, as reflected by increased mtROS, decreased ATP production, reduced mtDNA copy number and complexes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Finally, the expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative stress markers, 3‐NT, 4‐HNE and 8‐OHdG, were significantly increased in the RAP group (p < .01). Consistent with this, systemic oxidative damage was also present in the progression of RAP, including increased MDA expression and decreased antioxidant activity (p < .01).ConclusionsMitochondrial biogenesis disorder and damage from oxidative stress contribute to the development of RAP.
Brain carbon monoxide can suppress the rat micturition reflex through brain γ‐aminobutyric acid receptors
Authors: Yamamoto Masaki , Shimizu Takahiro , Shimizu Nobutaka , Fujieda Mikiya , Saito Motoaki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate roles of brain carbon monoxide (CO), an endogenous gasotransmitter, in regulation of the rat micturition reflex.MethodsIn urethane‐anesthetized (0.8 g/kg, ip) male rats, evaluation of urodynamic parameters was started 1 h before intracerebroventricular administration of CORM‐3 (CO donor) or ZnPP (non‐selective inhibitor of heme oxygenase, a CO producing enzyme) and continued for 2 h after the administration. We also investigated effects of centrally pretreated SR95531 (GABAA receptor antagonist) or SCH50911 (GABAB receptor antagonist) on the CORM‐3‐induced response.ResultsCORM‐3 significantly prolonged intercontraction intervals (ICIs) without changing maximal voiding pressure (MVP), while ZnPP significantly shortened ICI and reduced single‐voided volume and bladder capacity without affecting MVP, post‐voided residual volume, or voiding efficiency. The ZnPP‐induced ICI shortening was reversed by CORM‐3. The CORM‐3‐induced ICI prolongation was significantly attenuated by centrally pretreated SR95531 or SCH50911, respectively.ConclusionsBrain CO can suppress the rat micturition reflex through brain γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors.
A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Single Vaccination of Ad26.RSV.preF‐Based Regimen in Japanese Adults Aged 60 Years and Older
Authors: Eto Takashi , Okubo Yusuke , Momose Atsushi , Tamura Hiroshi , Zheng Richuan , Callendret Benoit , Bastian Arangassery Rosemary , Comeaux Christy A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is increasingly recognized as a significant cause of lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) in older adults. The Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine demonstrated protective efficacy against RSV related LRTD in a Phase 2b study in the United States. Hence, Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine candidate was evaluated in the Japanese older adult population.MethodsThis Phase 1 study evaluated safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine at dose level of 1 × 1011 vp/150 μg in Japanese healthy adult aged ≥60 years. The study included a screening Phase, vaccination, 28‐day follow up Phase, a 182‐day follow‐up period, and final visit on Day 183. A total of 36 participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine (n = 24) or placebo (n = 12). After study intervention administration, the safety and immunogenicity analysis were performed as per planned schedule. Immune responses including virus‐neutralizing and preF‐specific binding antibodies were measured on Days 1, 15, 29, and 183.ResultsThere were no deaths, SAEs, or AEs leading to discontinuation reported during the study. The Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine had acceptable safety and tolerability profile with no safety concern in Japanese older adults. The Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine induced RSV‐specific humoral immunity, with increase in antibody titers on Days 15 and 29 compared with baseline which was well maintained until Day 183.ConclusionsA single dose of Ad26.RSV.preF/RSV preF protein vaccine had an acceptable safety and tolerability profile and induced RSV‐specific humoral immunity in Japanese healthy adults.Trial RegistrationNCT number: NCT04354480; Clinical Registry number: CR108768.
Status of home blood pressure measurement in treated hypertensive patients. Results of a survey from two cities in Korea
Authors: Lee Kyung‐ju , Rhee Moo‐Yong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractKnowledge of the status of real‐world home blood pressure (BP) measurements is crucial for establishing policies promoting hypertension treatment through home BP monitoring. However, only a few studies have investigated the status of home BP measurements in real‐world settings. This study investigated the practice of Korean patients in measuring BP at home. This study recruited participants aged ≥20 years who were taking antihypertensives and conducted a questionnaire‐based survey on home BP measurements. Of 701 participants recruited between August 2018 and April 2020, 673 were included in the analysis. Of these, 359 (53.3%) possessed home BP measurement devices. The devices used by 184 (51.3%) participants were validated, 110 (30.6%) were nonvalidated, and 65 (18.1%) had an unknown validation status. Only 18 patients (5.0%) with home BP devices were aware of the validation tests for home BP measurement devices. Of the 673 participants, 278 (41.3%) measured BP at home (77.4% of the patients owned home BP measurement devices). Among them, at least 74 (26.6%) performed proper measurements (at least once a month, at least twice a day or twice at a time, after at least 1 minute of rest, with at least a 1‐min interval between each measurement, and 30 min after drinking coffee, exercising, or smoking). In conclusion, our community‐based survey in the nonpresentive Korean population revealed a low rate of home BP measurement, a high rate of using nonvalidated devices, and a high rate of inappropriate measurements, suggesting that more efforts toward patient education regarding home BP measurements are needed.
Development of an e‐learning program for biofeedback in pelvic floor muscle training for adult women using self‐performed ultrasound: An observational study
Authors: Muta Miyako , Takahashi Toshiaki , Tamai Nao , Sanada Hiromi , Nakagami Gojiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) for urinary incontinence (UI) is recommended in combination with biofeedback to visualize pelvic floor muscles. The focus is on non‐invasive hand‐held ultrasound (US) measurement methods for PFMT, which can be performed at home. Recently, self‐performed US measurements in which the patient applies the US to themself have gradually spreading. This study aimed to develop an educational program for the biofeedback method using self‐performed US and to evaluate its feasibility.MethodsThis study was an observational study. The ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) was utilized to create an e‐learning program for women aged ≥40 years with UI. Participants self‐performed bladder US via e‐learning, using a hand‐held US device with a convex probe. The primary outcome was the number of times the bladder area was successfully extracted using an existing automatic bladder area extraction system. The secondary outcome was the total score of the technical evaluation of the self‐performed US, which was evaluated across three proficiency levels. Descriptive statistics were conducted for participant characteristics, presenting categorical variables as percentages and continuous variables as means ± SD.ResultsWe included 11 participants with a mean age of 56.2 years. Nine participants were able to record US videos, and two were unable to record bladder videos. Regarding the technical evaluation scores, all participants scored ≥80%; four had perfect scores.ConclusionsThis study showed that transabdominal self‐performed bladder US can be performed in 81.8% of women with UI in their 40–60s by using an e‐learning program.
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from abdominal wall endometriosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Deng Panxia , Weng Chongrong , Xu Jian , Nie Huilong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEndometriosis, affecting 6%–10% of women of reproductive age, can lead to severe symptoms such as chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Among its rarer manifestations is abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE), which has been increasingly reported following cesarean deliveries. This case discusses a 39‐year‐old woman who presented with a 13‐year history of cyclical pain at her cesarean section scar, exacerbated over the last year by the development of a painful abdominal mass. Medical evaluations indicated endometriosis at the scar, with further investigations including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showing involvement of the rectus abdominis muscle. Elevated tumor markers HE4 and CA‐125, along with a biopsy, confirmed adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent extensive surgical treatment, including the resection of the mass, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, and lymphadenectomy. Pathology confirmed moderately differentiated infiltrative adenocarcinoma originating from endometriosis. Despite the absence of postoperative chemotherapy, the patient showed no recurrence, emphasizing the effectiveness of comprehensive surgical management. This case highlights the critical importance of recognizing the potential for malignant transformation in AWE, particularly following cesarean deliveries, and underscores the necessity for vigilant monitoring and personalized treatment strategies. The management of AWE, especially when malignant transformation is suspected, necessitates a multidisciplinary approach similar to that used in ovarian cancer, focusing on rigorous surgical intervention and the potential for adjuvant therapies.
Status and trends in United States terrestrial mammal research since 1900
Authors: Readyhough Taylor S. , Butler Andrew R. , Stephens Ryan B. , Hall Lily M. , Heit David R. , Poisson Mairi K.P. , Moll Remington J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In the face of the growing global biodiversity crisis, we must critically examine factors driving patterns in research to identify knowledge gaps, guide future funding and inform conservation policies and actions.

In this article, we reviewed the literature on terrestrial mammals in the contiguous United States to evaluate which factors influence the number of publications for over 300 species and to identify trends in publication rates during the past 50 years.

We expected larger body mass, broader geographic range, more years since a species was described, and higher relative abundance to correspond with an increase in the number of publications about a species, and that conservation status and taxonomic order would also affect the number of publications.

We found that publications focussed on species that were larger, widespread, described longer ago and at a higher relative abundance. There were no clear trends in research due to a species conservation status, and research effort was not consistent among orders over time.

We advocate for changes in requirements for professional advancement, shifts in the publication process and focus, and novel allocations of research funding.
Dark Durkheimianism: What the ethno‐symbolic approach misses
Authors: Gorski Philip 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDrawing on the neo‐Durkheimian cultural sociology of Jeffrey Alexander and Anthony Smith's ethno‐symbolic approach, Schertzer and Woods argue that contemporary ‘populist’ movements in France, the US and the UK are better understood as ‘ethno‐nationalist’ movements. In this, they join a recent spate of revisionist work that emphasises the role of ethno‐nationalism and White supremacism in the historical trajectories of these supposedly ‘civic’ nations. The central weakness of this approach and of their argument is that it detaches symbolic struggles from material ones and in‐group solidarity from out‐group violence. Here, Bourdieu's theory of class‐ification struggles and the dark Durkheimianism of the mid‐20th century provides a helpful supplement.
Amiodarone and β‐blocker combination therapy versus β‐blocker monotherapy for ICD shock prevention: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yazdi Vahid , Moustafa Abdelmoniem , Nawras Mohamad , Yazdi Bayan , Chacko Paul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) shocks are a lifesaving therapy, they can negatively affect the patient's quality of life. Amiodarone is commonly combined with β‐blockers (BB) in ICD recipients. However, this combination therapy's efficacy in preventing shocks compared to standard BB monotherapy is not well studied. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to determine if combined amiodarone and BB therapy improves prevention of ICD shock delivery compared to BB monotherapy. We performed a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases, for studies that assess the impact of amiodarone and BB versus BB monotherapy in patients with an ICD. The primary outcome was a total number of ICD shocks delivered by the end of the study period. Four studies: three retrospective studies and one randomized controlled trial (RCT), with a total of 5818 patients with ICDs, were included in the analysis. Follow‐up periods ranged from 1 to 5 years. The combined amiodarone and BB group was not associated with a significantly lower number of ICD shocks compared to the BB monotherapy group (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.44‐1.31; P = .32). A combination therapy of amiodarone and BB was not associated with any further reduction in ICD shocks, hospitalizations, or mortality. Additional RCTs are recommended to further validate our findings.
OsJRL negatively regulates rice cold tolerance via interfering phenylalanine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis
Authors: An Zengxu , Yang Zihan , Zhou Yi , Huo Shaojie , Zhang Siyan , Wu Dianxing , Shu Xiaoli , Wang Yin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe identification of new genes involved in regulating cold tolerance in rice is urgent because low temperatures repress plant growth and reduce yields. Cold tolerance is controlled by multiple loci and involves a complex regulatory network. Here, we show that rice jacalin‐related lectin (OsJRL) modulates cold tolerance in rice. The loss of OsJRL gene functions increased phenylalanine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis under cold stress. The OsJRL knock‐out (KO) lines had higher phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) activity and greater flavonoid accumulation than the wild‐type rice, Nipponbare (NIP), under cold stress. The leaves had lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and showed significantly enhanced cold tolerance compared to NIP. In contrast, the OsJRL overexpression (OE) lines had higher levels of ROS accumulation and showed lower cold tolerance than NIP. Additionally, the OsJRL KO lines accumulated more abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) under cold stress than NIP. The OsJRL OE lines showed increased sensitivity to ABA compared to NIP. We conclude that OsJRL negatively regulates the cold tolerance of rice via modulation of phenylalanine metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis.
A case of mother and child with CANDLE syndrome: Diagnosis and subsequent treatment with baricitinib
Authors: Guo William , Lozeau Daniel , Tonnesen Marcia , Schuval Susan , de Jesus Adriana , Miller Devin , Alehashemi Sara , Kristal Leonard 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) or proteasome‐associated autoinflammatory syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disorder that typically presents in infancy with characteristic symptoms, including recurrent fever, panniculitis, and progressive lipodystrophy, among other findings. We present a case of mother and child with CANDLE syndrome. The child was eventually started on baricitinib with normalization of rash and systemic findings.
An unusual case of acquired generalized lipodystrophy (panniculitis variety)
Authors: Hill Marlee , Weissman Amanda S. , Hirshburg Jason , McBride Jeffrey D. , Lawrence Hillary 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAcquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL) is a rare disease characterized by variable loss of adipose tissue and concurrent metabolic derangements, typically with childhood or adolescent onset. AGL has three subclassifications: panniculitis (type 1), autoimmune disease (type 2), and idiopathic (type 3). This report highlights a rare case of AGL type 1 in a previously healthy 3‐year‐old female who presented with diffuse erythematous subcutaneous nodules, progressive lipoatrophy, and histopathological findings of a lobular panniculitis.
Hydrocarbon‐derived thrombolites from the Outer Carpathians (Lower Cretaceous, Poland)
Authors: Giunti Stefano , Gedl Przemysław , Kędzior Artur , Marynowski Leszek , Paszkowski Mariusz , Wetzel Andreas , Bojanowski Maciej J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractShallow marine thrombolites from a newly discovered Lower Cretaceous cold seep in the Outer Carpathians (Poland) were analysed in order to untangle the complex sedimentological and biogeochemical processes involved in their formation and their diagenetic modifications. The studied thrombolites are made of two components: (i) microcrystalline mesoclots; and (ii) spar‐filled framework cavities. These components are dominated by calcite and show a complex spatial relationship, resulting in a heterogeneous, clotted fabric. The mesoclots exhibit digitate structures, often concentrically‐laminated, and are chiefly composed of microcrystalline material with δ13C values from −34.8 to −19.4‰ PeeDee Belemnite. Biomarkers analyses show the presence of 2, 6, 10, 15, 19‐pentamethylicosane within the mesoclots. The mesoclots host <5 mm wide microtubes filled with isopachous calcite recording even lower δ13C values (from −39.0 to −20.5‰ PeeDee Belemnite). The morphology of the mesoclots relative to their internal lamination and their geochemistry indicates that their growth was linked to anaerobic oxidation of methane while the microtubes acted as conduits for hydrocarbon‐charged fluids. The framework cavities are internally lined with framboidal pyrite, and are cemented by calcite spar with relatively high δ13C (−15.1 to −7.3‰ PeeDee Belemnite) and low δ18O values (−9.3 to −4.4‰ PeeDee Belemnite). Carbonate precipitation within the framework cavities is interpreted to have been related to bacterial sulphate reduction. U‐shaped trace fossils attributed to the ichnogenus Balanoglossites cross‐cut both mesoclots and framework cavities. The mechanisms involved in the formation and diagenesis of thrombolites at cold seeps are yet to be fully understood, and this work provides new insights on these complex biogeochemical and sedimentological processes.
Alterations of bacterial community related C cycle by affecting soil carbon fractions under aged biochar application
Authors: El‐Desouki Zeinab , Li Yuxuan , Abd‐Elkader Ali M. , Riaz Muhammad , Wang Jiyuan , Babar Saba , Wang Xiangling , Xia Xiaoyang , Jiang Cuncang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiochar is a beneficial substance for sequestering organic carbon in soil. Application of fresh biochar (FB) to the soil leads to an increase in soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the effects of aged biochar on SOC stabilization in acidic soils are unclear. A 90‐day incubation study was assessed to evaluate the impact of adding rice straw biochar on acid soil. The study aimed to assess the alterations in carbon fractions, enzyme activity and bacterial communities in soil. We used different ageing processes (water‐washed biochar [WB] and H2O2 oxidation biochar [OXB]) at a rate of 2%, with control at 0% of biochar. The results indicated that aged biochar reduced CO2 efflux and increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC), reducing the microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2). The SOC and its fractions increased with ageing relative to the FB treatment. Compared with the FB treatment, the carbon pool management index (CPMI) also increased with the OXB application. Additionally, the application of OXB stimulated the soil enzymes involved in carbon cycling, specifically β‐1,4‐glucosidase (βG), β‐1,4‐xylosidase (βX) and cellobiohydrolase (CBH) relative to the FB and WB treatments. Moreover, biochar applications improved the structure and functions of the bacterial population in soil with high acidity. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were the most prevalent species in all treatments, as shown by their relative abundances. The redundancy analysis revealed that the DOC (dissolved organic carbon) and MBC significantly impacted on the microbial community. Furthermore, adding OXB altered the Bacterial community involved in the C cycle by affecting SOC. These findings help us learn more about how applying fresh or aged rice straw biochar changes different carbon fractions and microbial communities in soil. It may serve as an instance for studying the provision of soil organic carbon after applying biochar in acidic soil.