bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROGNOSIS FOR SOFT‐TISSUE SARCOMA IN THE LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM
Authors: RYDHOLM ANDERS , BERG NILS O. , GULLBERG BO , PERSSON BJÖRN M. , THORNGREN KARL‐GÖRAN 
Published: August 2010

To identify variables of prognostic importance for soft‐tissue sarcoma in the locomotor system, we performed a retrospective follow‐up study on a consecutive, unselected, population‐based series of 237 patients mainly treated by surgery, 1964–1978. Patients with metastasis at the time of diagnosis were not included. All histologic material was re‐evaluated and histologic malignancy‐grading (four‐grade scale) performed without knowledge of the clinical course. The surgical procedures were classified as marginal and broad excisions. Patient follow‐up ranged between 3‐ and 18 years. Multivariate analysis of the data by Coxs proportional hazard regression techniques disclosed seven negative prognostic variables of primary significance; high malignancy‐grade (IV and III), pain at rest, male sex, increasing age and tumor size, a marginal excision and an extracompartmental tumor site, in order of decreasing relative risk (5.9‐1.9) as regards survival. A secondary variable, that of local recurrence, was then included in the model and was found to have a stronger influence on survival than any of the other variables. Patients with local recurrence had a mortality risk which was 8.3 times that of patients without local recurrence. A risk curve based on the prognostic variables having primary significance was constructed. By this risk curve, patients with very good or very bad prognosis could be identified.The results are important when evaluating the efficiency of different therapies in non‐randomized trials. In such studies the prognostic variables could be used to identify patient groups having comparable prognoses. In addition, patients found to have a good prognosis could be excluded from trials with adjuvant therapy.
THE USE OF FROZEN MONOCYTES IN PHAGOCYTOSIS STUDIES
Authors: MYHRVOLD VESLEMøY , MøRLAND BERIT 
Published: August 2010

Human monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood by Lymphoprep density‐gradient centrifugation and adherence to fibronectin. The cells were loosened by ethylene‐diamino‐tetra‐acetate (EDTA), frozen by different freezing methods, thawed, washed and compared to unfrozen cells.After freezing, thawing and washing, cell recovery was calculated and found to vary with the freezing procedure. The best result was about 76% cell recovery. No morphological differences were observed between unfrozen and frozen cells. The experiments also showed that the percentage of cells that attached or phagocytized IgG‐opsonized erythrocytes (E‐IgG) via the Fc‐receptor was unaltered after freezing. Neither was there any difference between unfrozen and frozen monocytes with respect to their ability to phagocytize latex particles. There was no significant difference in reactivity between monocytes frozen for one day and those frozen for six weeks.
The Mediating Effects of Stress and Coping on Depression Among Adolescents in China
Authors: Sun Ying , Tao Fangbiao , Hao Jiahu , Wan Yuhui 
Published: August 2010

AIMS:  To explore gender differences in Chinese adolescent depression related to the mediating effects of stress and coping.METHODS:  The data were collected using a cross‐sectional design from a multisite follow‐up investigation of adolescent physical and psychological study carried out in China. The study population consisted of 17,622 students aged from 11 to 22 years of age in junior high, senior high schools, and colleges/universities from eight large cities in China.RESULTS:  Overall, 44.3% of the sample reported depression during the past week. Male adolescents were more likely to have depression than female counterparts (46.8% versus 41.7%), especially those aged <15 and >17 years of age. Overall, stress in boys was statistically higher than that of girls. Boys experienced high levels of stress from school, family, health, and romantic domains, while girls suffered a higher level of peer stress. A multivariate logistic regression model showed that a high level of total stress was significantly associated with increased risk for depression, while peer stress and positive coping style were protective factors for depression in both boys and girls in China.CONCLUSIONS:  Unlike their Western counterparts, Chinese boys suffered more depression than girls, which is partly due to more stressful life events and less positive coping style. Our study has important implications for health officers and public health professionals to pay much attention to the relationship between stress and coping style in prevention on adolescent depression.
Binding the Generations: Household Formation Patterns among Vietnamese Refugees
Authors: Haines David W. 
Published: August 2010

Much of the analysis of refugee and immigrant adaptation has stressed the interaction of prior experience with the requirements of life in a new country. For refugees, that interaction has often been jarring because of the after-effects of their flight and their relative inability to prepare for a new life in a new country. Yet refugees have often done rather well in economic terms in that new country. The reasons for that relative success have been phrased in cultural terms {e.g., the predisposition toward education) and in general socioeconomic terms (e.g., refugees as educated and skilled). This article examines a set of factors that lie between these customary cultural and socioeconomic categories. Specifically, the paper examines key features of household formation among Vietnamese refugees. An examination of historical data from southern Vietnam indicates patterns in household formation that appear durable over time yet are not shared across the breadth of Vietnam and cannot thus be viewed as “cultural” in the usual sense. A comparison of the historical data with recent national survey data on refugees in the United States indicates that these patterns continue among Vietnamese refugees and are - as compared to other refugees - distinctive to them. These patterns of household formation provide Vietnamese refugees with important options in adaptation to a new country.
Fluorescent‐based Solid Sensor for HSO4− in Water
Authors: Tan Chaoliang , Wang Qianming , Ma Lijun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this report, we have shown that the encapsulation of the terbium 2‐methylimidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid complex into inorganic host tetraethoxysilance is considered to be an efficient way for the design of anion sensors. Strong green emission still can be observed when it disperses in pure water. It was found that the luminescence of hybrid material was selectively turned off rapidly (1 s) by hydrogen sulfate compared with the addition of different anions such as F−, Cl−, Br− and I−. Thin film was successfully prepared and also could be a promising tool for recognizing HSO4−.
The Marine Cretaceous in the Western Part of the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang and Its Depositional Environments
Authors: Yichun Hao , Xuelu Zeng , Xianpu Guo 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The western part of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang is one of the main areas in China where the marine Cretaceous is well developed. The Upper Cretaceous Yingjisha Group represented mainly by sediments of littoral, near‐shore neritic and estuarine facies is divided in ascending order into the Kukebai Formation, the Oytak Formation, the Ygezya Formation and the Tuylouk Formation.For about thirty years, the basal beds of the Kukebai Formation had been considered to be the lowermost marine horizon of the Cretaceous in the western part of the Tarim Basin, which represents the earliest transgression of the Cretaceous Sea into this region. Recently, marine trace fossils, Ophiomorpha nodosa, O. tuberosa and Thalassinoides? spp. were found in abundance and fine preservation from the upper subcycle and upper part of the lower subcycle of the Kezlesu Group underlying the Kukebai Formation. The fact indicates that the marine transgression there took place earlier than the Kukebaian.Process of transgression and regression and change of environment in the West Tarim Basin during the period from the late Early Cretaceous to the end of the Cretaceous is also discussed in this paper.
An Experimental Study on Three Quaternary Phases in the Fe‐Sn‐Sb‐S System: Pb‐Free Franckeite, Pb‐Free Cylindrite and (Fe, Sb)‐Ottemannite s.s.
Authors: Jiuling Li , Jiashan Huang , Kezi Zhou , Guilan Zhang 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Experimental studies on the two solid solutions franckeite s.s. and cylindrite s.s. yielded among others the Pb‐free endmembers of franckeite and cylindrite respectively. In these endmembers the lead content of the two mineral phases are completely substituted by bivalent tin. A third phase, ottemannite s.s. with (Fe, Sb)‐bearing compositions, was further identified in the Pb‐free 4‐component system Fe‐Sn‐Sb‐S. Pb‐free franckeite and cylindrite could only be synthesized as homogeneous phases at high temperatures. The ottemannite s.s. was obtained at 600°C but an extensive existing range was also confirmed at temperatures below 500°C.The phase relations were discussed in the pseudoternary subsystem SnS‐SnS2‐FeSb2S4. The following sequence of Pb‐ free phases and phase assemblages were observed under increasing Sn4+ content at 600°C : herzenbergite (SnS)+franckeite, franckeite, franckeite+cylindrite, cylindrite, cylindrite+(Fe, Sb)‐ottemannite, (Fe, Sb)‐ottemannite, (Fe, Sb)‐ ottemannite+berndtite (SnS2). The assemblage cylindrite+berndtite was identified in synthetic systems involving Pb. The phase Fe, Sb‐ottemannite s.s. appears to be stable only under Pb‐de‐ficient and high sulfur fugacity conditions.
Mechanical Research on Binucleus‐Type Vortex Structures
Authors: Zuoxun Zeng 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A new type of vortex structure—binucleus‐type vortex structure—is presented in this paper. It is characterized by two nuclear columns which distinguish it from uninucleus‐type vortex structure. The vortical surfaces of the structure are commonly s‐ shaped and reversed s‐ shaped and subordinately of elliptic and hyperbolic shape, and sometimes turbine‐like surfaces are observed.On the basis of field structural studies, a mechanical model of rotation around a binuclear column of crustal materials is presented in the paper. Burgers viscoelastic solutions of the stress field and deformation field of this structural type have been obtained using the principle and method of rheology, and simulation experiments have been performed. The results of the theoretical calculation and experiments indicate that the proposed mechanical model is applicable.
Features of Geophysical Fields and Geodynamics of the China Sea
Authors: Guangding Liu 
Published: August 2010

Abstract During 1960–1990, an extensive geological‐geophysical investigation was carried out in the marine areas of China. According to the materials obtained, the “Geological — Geophysical Serial Maps of the China Seas and the Adjacent Areas (1:2,000,000 )” was compiled. In fact, it is a systematic summary of the geological and geophysical work of the China Seas in the past 30 years.In this paper, the author explains the guiding thought and methodology of the compilation of the serial maps, and then briefly discusses the characteristics of geophysical fields and geodynamics, stratigraphy, tectonics and magmatism.
Burial Metamorphism of the Ordos Basin in Northern Shaanxi
Authors: Lifei Zhang 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Burial metamorphism has been found in the Ordos basin of northern Shaanxi. On the basis of a rather intensive study of burial metamorphism of sandstone, it has been shown that the evolution from diagenesis to metamorphism involves four stages: cementation of clay minerals, regrowth of pressolved quartz and feldspar, cementation of carbonates and formation of laumontite. On that basis it has been put forward that the laumontite is formed by burial metamorphism of clay and carbonate minerals. According to the thermodynamic data of minerals, the conditions under which laumontite is formed are T<250°C and Xco2<0.17. High‐resolution SEM and TEM studies of clay minerals in mudstone show that there occur a mixed layer assemblage of bertherine and illite/chlorite and trapsformation from bertherine to chlorite. On that basis coupled by the X‐ray diffraction analysis the author suggests the following transformation of clay minerals during burial metamorphism: the earliest smectite‐kaolinite assemblage changes into the bertherine‐illite mixture with increasing depth, then into the illite/chlorite mixed layer assemblage and finally into dispersed individual illite and chlorite. The reaction of the transformation is:smectite+kaolinite+K+ = illite+chlorite+quartzAccording to the study of the oxygen isotope thermometry of the coexisting illite‐quartz pair, the temperature of the above transformation is lower than 180°C.
Geological Evidence for the Presence of the Emperor Event in China
Authors: Tongming Ge , Limin Fan , Jian Liu 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The presence of the reversals of the geomagnetic field within the Brunhes is indicated by paleomagnetic stuides on Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Leizhou Peninsula, loess strata and Quaternary marine sediments in the Pearl River Mouth basin in China. These regional reversals occured at 0.58±0.13 Ma, 0.45 Ma and 0.47‐0.48 Ma respectively according to the results of K‐Ar isotopic dating and climatostratigraphic and biostratigraphic analyses. The reversals equivalent to the Emperor Event is suggested.The reversals revealed in different regions with various lithologic characters in China prove that the Emperor Event is a global reversal event rather than a geomagnetic excursion, and its confirmation will permit a precise definition of the Middle/Late Pleistocene boundary.
Trace Elements and Sr, Nd Isotope Geochemistry of the Lajimiao Norite‐Gabbro from the North Qinling Belt1
Authors: Shuguang Li , Yizhi Chen , Zongqing Zhang , Xiaojing Ye , Guowei Zhang , Anlin Guo , Hart S. R. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The Lajimiao norite‐gabbro complex, as a part of the ophiolites on the southern side of the North Qinling belt, consists of gabbro and norite‐gabbro. They were derived from different magma series: the gabbro was derived from tholeiitic magma series with higher TiO2, REE abundance and Fe3+ / Fe2+ ratio; norite‐gabbro was derived from calc‐alkali magma series with lower TiO2, Fe3+ / Fe2+ ratio and REE abundance and much lower HREE abundance, which suggests that the source of the norite‐gabbro magma was deeper and controlled by eclogite facies. Geochemical characteristics of both plutonic rocks are similar to those of island‐arc basalts, such as relatively high contents of Ba, Pb and Sr and relatively low contents of Nb, Zr and Ni.The Sr, Nd isotopic characteristics of the Lajimiao norite‐gabbro complex are similar to those of ophiolites. Its 8Nd values are constant, about +2; whereas 8Sr values have wide variation from — 6.4 to +31.2 and positively correlate with Na2O, H2O+ and CO2 contents and the Fe3+ / Fe2+ ratio. The ɛNd—Nd / Th, ɛNd—La/Nb and ɛNd—Ba/Nb diagrams clearly show that there were significant components of terrigenous sediments in the mantle source of the Lajimiao norite‐gabbro complex. It suggests that large amount of sediments had been carried into the mantle by the subducted ancient Qinling sea plate during the Palaeozoic.
Geochemical Characteristics of the Ore ‐ forming Fluids of the Haigou Gold Deposit, Jilin
Authors: Yinqing Li 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The quartz in the Haigou gold deposit contains a great abundance of three‐phase CO2‐NaCl‐H2O and two‐phase CO2‐rich inclusions, which are associated with two‐phase NaCl‐H2O ones. The ore‐forming fluids, which were rich in CO2, are classified into two types with two different sources: the high‐salinity CO2‐rich NaCl‐H2O fluid derived from magmatic hydrothermal solution, and the low‐salinity NaCl‐H2O fluid from ancient meteoric water. The optimum conditions for gold mineralization are 220‐300°C for the temperature, 4‐20 Mpa for the fluid static pressure, 1‐3 km for the mineralization depth, 2‐7 w (NaCl)/10‐2 for the fluid salinity, and 0.644 g/cm3 for the total density. The fluid was in a critical or supercritical state at the initial stage of mineralization, and it boiled and was unmixed with CO2 and NaCl‐H2O in the climax of mineralization, leading to the decomposition of Au‐chlorine complexes and the bulk precipitation of Au.The type, association, homogenization temperature and composition (CO2/H2O value etc.) are the microscopic criteria for distinguishing the auriferous quartz vein from the barren quartz vein.
Aeolian Facies Belts in the Taklimakan Desert1
Authors: Baosheng Li , Guangrong Dong , Jiasheng Zhang , Sen Li , Heling Jin , Huizhong Chen , Xiangle Wen , Yao Wang , Yizhi Zhu 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:At least at the beginning of the last glacial epoch, the facies belts of dune sand, sandy loam and loess formed by winds had existed in the Taklimakan desert and areas south of it. There were no appreciable changes in the NE and NW wind systems and their wind forces that deposited dune sand, sandy loam and loess in the global cold stage since the last glacial epoch; accordingly no marked shifts of the boundaries of these aeolian facies belts took place. In the global warm stage since then, the climate in the Taklimakan desert and areas south of it became warm and dry, resulting in ablation of substantial volumes of ice and snow in their surrounding mountains and thus forming alluvial and diluvial deposits in the region. The alluvial‐diluvial actions, however, failed to change the general framework of aeolian facies belts.
OPEN ACCESS AND EXTINCTION OF THE PASSENGER PIGEON IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: CONRAD JON M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. An open access model is formulated where X is a renewable resource and E is the level of effort devoted to harvest. Net growth is assumed to exhibit critical depensation and the open access system is described by two nonlinear differential equationswhere r > 0 is the intrinsic growth rate, K1 is the minimum viable population level, K2 is the environmental carrying capacity, K2 > K1 > 0, q > 0 is the catchability coefficient, ? > 0 is an adjustment coefficient, (p – s) > 0 is the market price net of shipping cost, and c > 0 is the unit cost of effort at the harvest site. It is shown that the E= 0 isocline is a vertical line at X∞=c/[(p‐ s)q] and that the open access system passes through a supercritical Hopf bifurcation as X∞ moves from a level above (K1+K2)/2 to a level below (K1+K2)/2. For X∞ above (K1+K2)/2 the open access equilibrium is locally stable. For X∞ below (K1+K2)/2 the open access equilibrium will be locally unstable. At X∞=(K1+K2)/2 the system has a stable limit cycle. This analysis is useful in interpreting the economic history of the passenger pigeon. The limited empirical evidence would suggest that X∞=c/[(p – s)q] declined below (K1+K2)/2 during the last half of the 19th century as a result of improved rail transport and communications (the telegraph). It is thought that the passenger pigeon was extinct in the wild by 1901. The last passenger pigeon died in captivity at the Cincinnati Zoological Gardens on September 1, 1914. X=rX(X/ K1– 1)(1 –X/K2)–qXE and E=α[(p – s)qXE – cE],
MODELING THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MINERAL DEPOSITS USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: SKABAR ANDREW 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. In the context of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), mineral potential mapping can be seen as a process whereby a set of input maps, each representing a distinct geoscientific variable, are combined to produce a single map which ranks areas according to their potential to host deposits of a particular type. However, unlike many spatial classification tasks, the objective is not to assign a pixel to some class, but to assign to each pixel a continuous value representing its mineralization potential. Logistic regression provides one method of modeling conditional probabilities on data in which the target values are binary, e.g., deposit present/deposit absent; however, logistic regression limits the output to be a logistic transformation of the inputs and hence may not be able to capture complex relationships among the input variables. This paper reports on the application of multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) to mapping reef gold mineralization potential in the Castlemaine region of Victoria, Australia. We show that the ability of MLPs to predict the presence of hold‐out test deposits is significantly better than that for logistic regression. We also show that a Bayesian learning approach can be used to automatically select an appropriate value for the weight regularization coefficient without the need of using a cross‐validation procedure. This means that all available data can be used for weight optimization, thus eliminating any sensitivity of the final map to the particular training/validation set partition used.This paper was presented at the 2004 Research Modeling Association World Conference on Natural Resource Modeling in Melbourne, Australia.
SPATIAL EFFECTS IN AN INDIVIDUAL‐BASED MODEL OF PRODUCER–HERBIVORE INTERACTION
Authors: CHIVERS W.J. , GLADSTONE W. , HERBERT R.D. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract In this paper, we describe an individual‐based model of the interaction between a producer and herbivore species. The interaction occurs in a 2‐dimensional matrix of individual cells. The producer organism grows in the cells and the herbivores move between the cells, towards areas of high concentration of producer. Herbivores may die of starvation or they may reproduce asexually. The model is not built to represent a specific existing system but is a parsimonious generalized model of producer–herbivore interaction designed to test spatial effects.Although the model algorithm is kept simple—the herbivores have no learning or social behavior and have a minimal foraging strategy—the model displays some characteristics of real systems such as metapopulation behavior. We find significant effects on the herbivore and producer populations of the maximum move distance per step of the herbivores, the shape of the two‐dimensional matrix, the quality of a corridor between patches habitable by the herbivores, and edge effects with fuzzy edges. The behavior of the model is comparable with empirical observations found in the literature, and we suggest that this simple model may be used to investigate the mechanism of these real effects.
Role of imaging in the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis and its complications
Authors: Hughes D C , Raghavan A , Mordekar S R , Griffiths P D , Connolly D J A 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Acute bacterial meningitis is a common neurological emergency and a leading cause of death and neurological disability worldwide. Diagnosis is based on clinical and microbiological findings with neuroimaging in the form of CT reserved for those with specific adverse clinical features or when an underlying cause such as mastoiditis is suspected. MRI is extremely useful for detecting and monitoring the complications of meningitis. These can be remembered by the mnemonic HACTIVE (hydrocephalus, abscess, cerebritis/cranial nerve lesion, thrombosis, infarct, ventriculitis/vasculopathy and extra-axial collection). Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are useful to distinguish abscess from other ring enhancing lesions.