bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Kunst des guten Hoffens
Authors: McGeer Victoria 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
What is hope? Though variously characterized as a cognitive attitude, an emotion, a disposition, and even a process or activity, I argue that it is, more deeply, a unifying and grounding force of human agency. Since we cannot live a human life without hope, questions about the rationality of hope are properly recast as questions about what it means to hope well. This thesis is defended and elaborated in four parts. In the first two sections, I argue that hope is an essential and distinctive feature of human agency, both conceptually and developmentally. I then explore a number of dimensions of agency that are critically implicated in the art of hoping well, drawing on several examples from George Eliot’s Middlemarch. I conclude with a short section that suggests how hoping well in an individual context may be extended to hope at the collective level.
Logik in der philosophischen Lehre
Authors: Fuhrmann André 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Ansgar Beckermann: Einführung in die Logik. Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 3. Aufl., Berlin 2011, 382 S.
Franz von Kutschera/Alfred Breitkopf: Einführung in die moderne Logik. Verlag Karl Alber, 8. Aufl., Freiburg 2007, 220 S.
Winfried Löffler: Einführung in die Logik. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2008, 273 S.
Graham Priest: Einführung in die nicht-klassische Logik. Mentis Verlag, Paderborn 2008, 320 S.
Wolfgang Rautenberg: Einführung in die Mathematische Logik. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 3. Aufl., Wiesbaden 2008, 249 S.
Sven Rosenkranz: Einführung in die Logik. J. B. Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, 236 S .
Niko Strobach: Einführung in die Logik. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2005, 159 S.
Michael Wolff: Einführung in die Logik. Verlag C. H. Beck, München 2006, 195 S.
Thomas Zoglauer: Einführung in die formale Logik für Philosophen, Verlag Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht/UTB, 4. Aufl., Göttingen 2010, 187 S.
Annual tree growth, mortality, physical condition, and microsite in an old‐growth tropical rain forest, 1983–2010
Authors: Clark David B. , Clark Deborah A. 
Published: March 2012

Tree species richness in a tropical rain forest typically exceeds several hundred species over mesoscale landscapes. There is no generally accepted ecological theory that accounts for the coexistence of so many species with the same general morphologies and the same basic requirements of light, nutrients, water, and physical space. In part this lack of theory rests on the lack of understanding of the post‐establishment ecology for the vast majority of tropical tree species. Of even more immediate concern is the lack of data on tree performance in relation to climate; such data are critical to project effects of global climate change on tropical forests.Here we present data on the post‐establishment ecology of 10 species of tropical wet forest trees selected to span a range of predicted life history patterns. The study site was terra firme old‐growth tropical wet forest at the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. Particular emphasis has been placed on evaluating the precision of measurements, metadata development, and annual measurements of all individuals; the annual time step is a temporal interval that captures the scale of climate and microhabitat variations and the responses of trees to this variation in tropical rain forest.We present data on survivorship, growth, and microhabitat for 4027 individuals from established seedling to canopy‐level individuals measured annually between 1983 and 2010 (the study is ongoing and complete through 2011), thus adding 10 years' data and >600 new individuals to the data set we published in Ecological Archives in 2006. The data set is unique in its scope (number of years of continuous annual measurements, number of monitored individuals) as well as in the degree of metadata documentation and unrestricted access to the raw data (data sets published in 2000, 2006, and this paper). The data have been used to study life history patterns, relations with microhabitats including edaphic factors and crown light environments, relations among ecophysiology, morphology, and performance, the relation of tree performance to climate variation both at local and global scales, and in a variety of remote‐sensing studies.The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at 〈http://esapubs.org/archive〉. (The accession number for each Data Paper is given directly beneath the title.)
Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Kidney Disease
Authors: Fabrizi Fabrizio , Martin Paul , Dixit Vivek , Messa Piergiorgio 
Published: March 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and kidney disease are both highly prevalent diseases. The association between HCV and GN has been supported by previous research but little is known about the relationship between HCV and kidney disease.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A systematic review of the published medical literature was conducted to determine if HCV is associated with increased likelihood of kidney disease in the general population. A random-effects model was used to generate a summary estimate of the relative risk for kidney disease, defined as an estimated GFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or proteinuria, with HCV across the published studies.

Results
Nine clinical studies (817,917 unique individuals) were identified. Pooling of study results demonstrated the absence of a relationship between HCV seropositive status and reduced estimated GFR (adjusted relative risk, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.91, 1.38; P=0.28) according to the random-effects model. HCV seropositive serology was an independent and significant risk factor for proteinuria (defined by urine dipstick test or spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio) in the general population, with a summary estimate for adjusted relative risk of 1.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.12, 1.94; P=0.006). Significant heterogeneity was observed between studies (Ri=0.82; P value by Q test, <0.001).

Conclusions
This meta-analysis shows that HCV is independently associated with proteinuria but not with reduced GFR in the general population. Substantial heterogeneity occurred.
Differential Diagnosis of Nongap Metabolic Acidosis
Authors: Kraut Jeffrey A. , Madias Nicolaos E. 
Published: March 2012

Summary
Nongap metabolic acidosis is a common form of both acute and chronic metabolic acidosis. Because derangements in renal acid-base regulation are a common cause of nongap metabolic acidosis, studies to evaluate renal acidification often serve as the mainstay of differential diagnosis. However, in many cases, information obtained from the history and physical examination, evaluation of the electrolyte pattern (to determine if a nongap acidosis alone or a combined nongap and high anion gap metabolic acidosis is present), and examination of the serum potassium concentration (to characterize the disorder as hyperkalemic or hypokalemic in nature) is sufficient to make a presumptive diagnosis without more sophisticated studies. If this information proves insufficient, indirect estimates or direct measurement of urinary NH4
+ concentration, measurement of urine pH, and assessment of urinary HCO3
− excretion can help in establishing the diagnosis. This review summarizes current information concerning the pathophysiology of this electrolyte pattern and the value and limitations of all of the diagnostic studies available. It also provides a systematic and cost-effective approach to the differential diagnosis of nongap metabolic acidosis.
Nonlinear reaction-diffusion: a microscopic approach
Authors: Boon Jean , Lutsko James , Lutsko Christopher 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA microscopic theory for reaction-difusion (R-D) processes is developed from Einstein’s master equation including a reactive term. The mean field formulation leads to a generalized R-D equation for the n-th order annihilation reaction A + A + A + ... + A → 0, and the steady state solutions exhibit long range power law behavior showing the relative dominance of sub-diffusion over reaction effects in constrained systems, or conversely short range concentration distribution with finite support describing situations where diffusion is slow and extinction is fast. We apply the theory to analyze experimental data for morphogen gradient formation in the wing disc of the Drosophila embryo.
Wave propagation and Landau-type damping in liquids
Authors: Molinari Vincenzo , Mostacci Domiziano 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntermolecular forces are modeled by means of a modified Lennard-Jones potential, introducing a distance of minimum approach, and the effect of intermolecular interactions is accounted for with a self consistent field of the Vlasov type. A Vlasov equation is then written and used to investigate the propagation of perturbations in a liquid. A dispersion relation is obtained and an effect of damping, analogous to what is known in plasmas as “Landau damping”, is found to take place.
Validation of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Multiple Sclerosis From the Perspective of Physical Therapists
Authors: Conrad Andrea , Coenen Michaela , Schmalz Henriette , Kesselring Jürg , Cieza Alarcos 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundThe Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and represents the typical spectrum of problems in the functioning of people with MS.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to validate the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for MS from the perspective of physical therapists.DesignA 3-round survey based on the Delphi technique was used.MethodsPhysical therapists experienced in the management of MS were asked about problems and resources of people with MS as well as environmental aspects treated by physical therapists (eg, use of assistive devices, support). Statements were linked to the ICF and compared with the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for MS.ResultsEighty physical therapists from 23 countries mentioned 2,133 issues that covered all of the ICF components. Two hundred thirty-eight ICF categories were linked to the statements. Forty-six categories in the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for MS were confirmed by physical therapists at the same level or a more specific level of classification. Nineteen additional ICF categories were reported by at least 75% of the participants.ConclusionsThe results of this study support the content and face validity of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for MS. Areas of functioning and health that physical therapists believe should be assessed were identified. The findings of this study as well as the results of completed and ongoing validation studies will further elucidate the validity of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for MS from different perspectives.
Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy Treated With Eccentric Stretching Program
Authors: Verrall Geoffrey , Schofield Scott , Brustad Terese , Physio Dip 
Published: March 2012

Background: This study assessed the efficacy of a modified eccentric heel-drop program (reduced time and increased duration of stretch) in treating chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Methods: Athletes with at least 12 weeks of symptoms diagnosed clinically as chronic Achilles tendinopathy were enrolled in the study. The only treatment recommended was a 6-week eccentric stretching regimen, with each stretch being maintained for at least 15 seconds. Athletes were followed to assess the response to treatment using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and a patient effectiveness rating for treatment satisfaction as well as time to return to pre-injury activity level. Followup was successful in 156 (82%) of the athletes. A total of 190 athletes were seen with chronic Achilles tendinopathy. Results: Mid-substance injuries were diagnosed in 168 (88%) with the remainder 22 (12%) having distal insertional injuries. Pain as assessed by VAS reduced from mean of 7.2 at commencement of the regimen to 2.9 ( p < 0.01) after 6 weeks of stretching. Six months post commencement of program mean pain was 1.1. Patient satisfaction was rated at 7 or above (excellent) in 124 (80%) of the athletes. For mid-substance injuries the satisfaction rating was excellent in 86%. Overall mean time to return to pre-morbid activity was 10 weeks. Conclusion: A modified 6-week eccentric heel-drop training regimen as the only treatment for chronic Achilles tendinopathy resulted in a high degree of patient satisfaction, reduced pain and a successful return to pre-morbid activity levels. These results were best for mid-substance rather than insertional tendinopathy. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Control Study
Comparison of Multi-Drug Injection Versus Placebo After Hallux Valgus Surgery
Authors: Kim Bom Soo , Shim Dong Sik , Lee Jin Woo , Han Seung Hwan , Ko Yong Kon , Park Eui Hyun 
Published: March 2012

Background: Hallux valgus surgery is followed by a significant amount of postoperative pain. Local multi-drug injection can be an option for pain control, but few clinical studies exist. Methods: Between May 2008 and July 2009, 30 consecutive patients (60 feet) received simultaneous bilateral proximal osteotomies for the correction of hallux valgus deformities. Each patient received local infiltration of the test solution made with ropivacaine, morphine, ketorolac, and epinephrine on one foot and same amount of normal saline on the other foot. The test side and the control side were randomly selected and both the patient and the surgeon remained blinded until the end of the data collection. Results: The multi-drug injection resulted in significantly less pain at 4 hours after the operation through the night of the first postoperative day. The difference in visual analogue scale (VAS) between the two sides was most significant at 8 hours after the operation, and then gradually decreased through the first and second postoperative day. Mean satisfaction VAS was significantly higher on the injection side (8.2 ± 0.9) compared to the control side (6.2 ± 1.9, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Local multi-drug injection was easy to perform and safe and effective in reducing pain and enhancing patient satisfaction after hallux valgus surgery. Level of Evidence: I, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Double Blind Study
Results of Partial Matrixectomy for Chronic Ingrown Toenail
Authors: Kayalar Murat , Bal Emin , Toros Tulgar , Özaksar Kemal , Gürbüz Yusuf , Ademoğlu Yalçin 
Published: March 2012

Background: Several treatment modalities which targeted partial matrixectomies, including chemical, laser matrixectomy, and partial nail avulsion, have been used in the dermatology, podiatry, and orthopaedic literature. We report our experience with surgical matrixectomy. Methods: We treated 224 patients with severe ingrowing toenails. Segmental wedge resection of involved margin was performed. Followup time was a minimum of 10 months. Results: Statistical analysis of recurrence and disease parameters such as stage of disease, infection, involved margin, previous surgery, followup time, and age showed no significant correlation ( p > 0.05). Twenty-two patients (9.8%) had a recurrence. Revision surgery was performed in 16 patients (7.1%). Conclusion: We recommend the Winograd technique with a few modifications especially for severe Stage 2 and 3 cases. Both loupe magnification and observation of soft tissue in the postoperative period were important details. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Driving Brake Reaction Time Following Right Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Jeng Clifford L , Lin Jason S , Amoyal Karen , Campbell John , Myerson Mark S 
Published: March 2012

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the brake reaction time of patients with successful right ankle fusion to normal volunteers without an ankle fusion. Methods: Ten patients who underwent successful right ankle arthrodesis were evaluated using a driving simulator as well as an in-shoe pedobarographic measuring system. Brake reaction time, braking force, peak pressure, contact area, and the center of force between the foot and the brake pedal were recorded. SF-12 scores were obtained from all study patients. A control group of ten age-matched individuals without ankle fusion was included for comparison. Results: Mean brake reaction time for the ankle fusion group (0.42 ± 0.14 seconds) was significantly slower than for the control group (0.33 ± 0.06 seconds) ( p = 0.03). The center of force was consistently isolated to the forefoot in the ankle fusion group compared to controls who distributed the center of force over both the forefoot and midfoot. There was no significant difference between the ankle fusion and control groups with respect to braking force, peak pressure, or contact area. Conclusion: The mean brake reaction time following successful right ankle arthrodesis was significantly slower than that of normal controls. However, the fusion group time was still below the threshold for what is defined as a safe brake reaction time by the United States Federal Highway Administration. Level of Evidence: III, Comparative Case Series
Medium- to Long-Term Outcome of Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Hendrickx Roel P.M. , Stufkens Sjoerd A.S. , de Bruijn Evelien E. , Sierevelt Inger N. , van Dijk C. Niek , Kerkhoffs Gino M.M.J. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Despite improvement in outcome after ankle arthroplasty, fusion of the ankle joint is still considered the gold standard. A matter of concern is deterioration of clinical outcome as a result of loss of motion and advancing degeneration of adjacent joints. We performed a long-term study to address these topics. Methods: Between 1990 and 2005 a total of 121 ankle arthrodeses were performed at our institute. Thirty-five cases were excluded because of simultaneous subtalar arthrodesis. Ten had died and ten were lost to followup. Six had a bilateral ankle arthrodeses, leaving 60 patients (66 ankles) eligible for followup. There were 40 males and 26 females with a mean age at surgery of 47 years. In 60 ankles, fusion was obtained using a two-incision, three-screw technique. All patients were assessed using validated questionnaires and clinical rating systems: Short Form 36 (SF-36), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle and Hindfoot scale, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and a subjective satisfaction rating. Radiological progression of osteoarthritis of the adjacent joints was assessed. Results: Fusion was achieved in 91% after primary surgery. In six patients rearthrodesis was needed to obtain fusion. The mean SF-36 score was 63 (SD, 22) for the physical component scale and 81 (SD, 15) for the mental component scale. The mean FAAM score was 69 (SD, 17) and the mean AOFAS Ankle Hindfoot score was 67 (SD, 12). Ninety-one percent were satisfied with their clinical result. Infection occurred once. No other serious adverse events were encountered. In all contiguous joints significant progression of arthritis was appreciated. Conclusion: Ankle arthrodesis using a two-incision, three-screw technique was a reliable and safe technique for the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis of the ankle. It resulted in a good functional outcome at a mean followup of 9 years. Progressive osteoarthritis of the contiguous joints was clearly appreciated but the functional and clinical importance of these findings remains unclear. Level of Evidence
Hammer Toe Correction Using an Absorbable Pin
Authors: Konkel Kurt F. , Sover Eric R. , Menger Andrea G. , Halberg Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2012

Background: Fixed flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint with or without hyperextension of the metatarsao-phalangeal joint, hammertoe, is one of the most common foot deformities. Many surgical options have been recommended including the use of a more flexible PDS Orthosorb absorbable pin for fixation. The authors, using the PDS pin technique, reported some coronal angulations with painful soft corns requiring surgical correction. A new proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis procedure for hammer toe deformities utilizing a stiffer poly L-lactate 2-mm absorbable pin for internal fixation is presented. Methods: Forty-seven toe procedures were done on 29 patients followed for an average of 18 (range, 10 to 36) months. Final evaluation included: physical exam, X-rays, MRI scan, AOFAS score, and a patient satisfaction survey. Results: Utilization of the stiffer poly-L-lactate absorbable pin resulted in minimal coronal angulations, no soft corns, high fusion rates and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The stiffer poly-L-lactate absorbable pin technique in this study was found to be superior to the published results using other methods of fixation including the more flexible PDS absorbable pin. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Production of bergenin, an active chemical constituent in the callus of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.
Authors: Shrestha Umesh Krishna , Pant Bijaya 
Published: March 2012

In vitro culture of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. was carried out for the examination of bergenin content. Leaf explants were cultured in MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal media supplemented with or without phytohormones. The hormonal series maintained were in the range of 0-2 mg l-1 for BAP (6-benzyl amino purine) and 0-1.5 mg l-1 for NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). Bergenin content of in vitro grown tissues of B. ciliata was compared with that of wild plants collected from three different localities of Nepal. The best growth of callus and plantlets occurred in the media containing BAP 1.0 mg l-1 + NAA 1.0 mg l-1 and BAP 1.5 mg l-1 + NAA 1.0 mg l-1. Production of bergenin was high in the media supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 BAP + 1.5 mg l-1 NAA (3.40 μg g-1) and 2.0 mg l-1 BAP + 1.5 mg l-1 NAA (3.05 μg g-1) under experimental condition. The bergenin content in the wild plants collected from Langtang, Jumla and Godawari was found to be 4.28 μg g-1, 4.53 μg g-1 and 3.64 μg g-1 respectively. This study shows that the in vitro cultured callus of B. ciliata is capable of synthesizing bergenin in quantity comparable to that of the wild plant.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5557 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 40-44