bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour organoids and assembloids: Patient‐derived cancer avatars for immunotherapy
Authors: Mei Jie , Liu Xingjian , Tian Hui‐Xiang , Chen Yixuan , Cao Yang , Zeng Jun , Liu Yung‐Chiang , Chen Yaping , Gao Yang , Yin Ji‐Ye , Wang Peng‐Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOrganoid technology is an emerging and rapidly growing field that shows promise in studying organ development and screening therapeutic regimens. Although organoids have been proposed for a decade, concerns exist, including batch‐to‐batch variations, lack of the native microenvironment and clinical applicability.Main bodyThe concept of organoids has derived patient‐derived tumour organoids (PDTOs) for personalized drug screening and new drug discovery, mitigating the risks of medication misuse. The greater the similarity between the PDTOs and the primary tumours, the more influential the model will be. Recently, ‘tumour assembloids’ inspired by cell‐coculture technology have attracted attention to complement the current PDTO technology. High‐quality PDTOs must reassemble critical components, including multiple cell types, tumour matrix, paracrine factors, angiogenesis and microorganisms. This review begins with a brief overview of the history of organoids and PDTOs, followed by the current approaches for generating PDTOs and tumour assembloids. Personalized drug screening has been practised; however, it remains unclear whether PDTOs can predict immunotherapies, including immune drugs (e.g. immune checkpoint inhibitors) and immune cells (e.g. tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte, T cell receptor‐engineered T cell and chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell). PDTOs, as cancer avatars of the patients, can be expanded and stored to form a biobank.ConclusionFundamental research and clinical trials are ongoing, and the intention is to use these models to replace animals. Pre‐clinical immunotherapy screening using PDTOs will be beneficial to cancer patients.Key Points
The current PDTO models have not yet constructed key cellular and non‐cellular components.
PDTOs should be expandable and editable.
PDTOs are promising preclinical models for immunotherapy unless mature PDTOs can be established.
PDTO biobanks with consensual standards are urgently needed.
Adaptive coalition with Kullback‐Leibler divergence for cooperative spectrum sensing (KLDCSS) in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Munisamy Manimegalai , A Bhagyaveni M 
Published: April 2024

SummaryEffective, reliable, and rapid spectrum sensing in concordance with maximum throughput efficiency is necessary at the cognitive radio network to maximize the network's utilization. An adaptive coalition using Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD)‐based cooperative spectrum sensing scheme (KLDCSS) with a nominal sensing time to optimize the spectral efficiency is presented in this paper. In a coalition‐based spectrum sensing scheme, cooperating secondary users (SUs) are allocated to different coalitions to sense different Primary User (PU) channels. The same cognitive users allocated to sense the primary user channels are allotted to detect in different sensing phases. In the proposed sensing scheme, the cooperating SUs are adaptively allocated to different coalitions to maximize the throughput efficiency. Collaborating cognitive users with a standard signal‐to‐noise ratio and distinct energy levels that are characterized by the localized probabilities of detection and false alarm is considered. An adaptive coalition and user allocation algorithm are proposed to optimize the average opportunistic throughput and diminish the sensing overhead. The expression for throughput efficiency in terms of average throughput and sensing accuracy is derived. In this scheme, the SU computes the log‐likelihood ratio (LLR) from the acquired sample and forwards the same to the fusion center. The fusion center then accumulates the LLR values computed by the SU to estimate the likelihood of spectrum availability. Simulation results highlighting the competitive edge of the proposed scheme, with higher throughput efficiency over various numbers of SUs, coalitions, and signal‐to‐noise ratios, are presented.
Compact reconfigurable antenna with pattern diversity for K band applications
Authors: Rawal Pallav , Rawat Sanyog 
Published: April 2024

SummaryA novel pattern reconfigurable antenna is proposed in this letter. The overall dimension of the antenna is 11 × 11 × 0.787 mm. The proposed antenna is fabricated on Rogers RO4003C substrate. The antenna has two meandered monopoles and two straight monopoles. Two PIN diodes are connected between meandered monopoles and feed. The proposed design has three states of switching, that is, ON‐ON, ON‐OFF, and OFF‐ON. The antenna radiates from 18.5 to 26.25 GHz band with more than 5 GHz (−10 dB) bandwidth for all states. The proposed geometry exhibits 270° radiation beamwidth with 45° and 135° directions for ON‐OFF and OFF‐ON state, respectively.
Pregestational fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome in Wistar rats causes sexually dimorphic behavioral changes in their offspring
Authors: Cuervo Sánchez Marié L. , Prado Spalm Facundo H. , Furland Natalia E. , Vallés Ana S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS), marked by enduring metabolic inflammation, has detrimental effects on cognitive performance and brain structure, influencing behavior. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal MetS could negatively impact the neurodevelopment and metabolism of offspring. To test this hypothesis, 2 months old female Wistar rats were subjected to a 10‐week regimen of tap water alone or supplemented with 20% fructose to induce MetS. Dams were mated with healthy males to generate litters: OC (offspring from control dams) and OMetS (offspring from dams with MetS). To isolate prenatal effects, all pups were breastfed by control nurse dams, maintaining a standard diet and water ad libitum until weaning. Behavioral assessments were conducted between postnatal days (PN) 22 and 95, and metabolic parameters were analyzed post‐sacrifice on PN100. Results from the elevated plus maze, the open field, and the marble burying tests revealed a heightened anxiety‐like phenotype in OMetS females. The novel object recognition test showed that exclusively OMetS males had long‐term memory impairment. In the reciprocal social interaction test, OMetS displayed a lower number of social interactions, with a notable increase in “socially inactive” behavior observed exclusively in females. Additionally, in the three‐chamber test, social preference and social novelty indexes were found to be lower solely among OMetS females. An increase in visceral fat concomitantly with hypertriglyceridemia was the relevant postmortem metabolic finding in OMetS females. In summary, maternal MetS leads to enduring damage and adverse effects on offspring neurobehavior and metabolism, with notable sexual dimorphism.
Space‐use strategies drive diet composition of Baffin Bay polar bears
Authors: Stern Jennifer H. , Laidre Kristin L. , Born Erik W. , Wiig Øystein , McKinney Melissa A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolar bears (Ursus maritimus) depend on sea ice to hunt their ice‐associated prey. However, climate‐induced sea ice loss is leading to changes in space‐use strategies of polar bears, with bears in some subpopulations spending more time on land or selecting alternative habitats. One such documented alternative habitat is glacier ice, which provides year‐round access to prey, although the feeding habits of polar bears using glacier ice relative to those following the retreating ice and/or seasonally moving onshore are not known. Here, we use adipose tissue from polar bears (n = 104) from the Baffin Bay subpopulation live‐captured in Northwest Greenland during the springs of 2009–2013 to investigate dietary patterns between space‐use strategies inferred from satellite telemetry data, while considering demographic and interannual variation. Using quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) to generate diet estimates, ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus) were estimated as the primary and secondary prey of Baffin Bay polar bears for all sex/age classes and sampling years, apart from a single anomalous year (2009) with a relatively high proportion of beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhal (Monodon monoceros). While demographic and short‐term temporal variation was minimal, fatty acid signatures and QFASA‐generated diet estimates clearly differed between polar bears using coastal and offshore space‐use strategies. “Offshore” adult females (n = 31), which make long‐distance movements across the Baffin Bay pack ice, had high proportions of C22‐chain length monosaturated fatty acids and diet estimates that included beluga, narwhal, harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus), and hooded seal (Cystophora cristata). “Coastal” adult females (n = 6), which remain resident at glacier fronts in Northwest Greenland year‐round including during the sea ice‐free season, consumed proportionally more ringed seals (+13%) and similar proportions of bearded seal, but essentially no beluga and narwhal or harp and hooded seal. Thus, space‐use strategy is a driver of intrapopulation diet variability. As space‐use strategies change with ongoing loss of sea ice habitat, our results suggest important ramifications for polar bear feeding patterns.
Fungal communities are passengers in community development of dune ecosystems, while bacteria are not
Authors: Gao Chenguang , Bezemer T. Martijn , van Bodegom Peter M. , Baldrian Petr , Kohout Petr , Mancinelli Riccardo , van der Hagen Harrie , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn increasing number of studies of above‐belowground interactions provide a fundamental basis for our understanding of the coexistence between plant and soil communities. However, we lack empirical evidence to understand the directionality of drivers of plant and soil communities under natural conditions: ‘Are soil microorganisms driving plant community functioning or do they adapt to the plant community?’ In a field experiment in an early successional dune ecosystem, we manipulated soil communities by adding living (i.e., natural microbial communities) and sterile soil inocula, originating from natural ecosystems, and examined the annual responses of soil and plant communities. The experimental manipulations had a persistent effect on the soil microbial community with divergent impacts for living and sterile soil inocula. The plant community was also affected by soil inoculation, but there was no difference between the impacts of living and sterile inocula. We also observed an increasing convergence of plant and soil microbial composition over time. Our results show that alterations in soil abiotic and biotic conditions have long‐term effects on the composition of both plant and soil microbial communities. Importantly, our study provides direct evidence that soil microorganisms are not “drivers” of plant community dynamics. We found that soil fungi and bacteria manifest different community assemblies in response to treatments. Soil fungi act as “passengers,” that is, soil microorganisms reflect plant community dynamics but do not alter it, whereas soil bacteria are neither “drivers” nor “passengers” of plant community dynamics in early successional ecosystems. These results are critical for understanding the community assembly of plant and soil microbial communities under natural conditions and are directly relevant for ecosystem management and restoration.
Development of Sterically Hindered and Basic Sodium Amides for Catalytic Hydrogen Isotope Exchange
Authors: Tschopp Melina S. , Platten Andrew W. J. , Hevia Eva , Tortajada Andreu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSodium amides are gaining momentum in synthetic chemistry, emerging not only as more sustainable alternatives to lithium amides but also as superior reagents in synthesis and catalysis. Despite recent advances in sodium organometallics, the information available about the constitution of these reagents is very limited. Advancing the understanding on structure/reactivity correlations in sodium amide chemistry, here, we report the synthesis and characterisation of four new sodium amides, with different sterically demanding substituents (adamantyl/trimethylsilyl and dicyclohexyl groups at the nitrogen atom) and different polyamine donors as well as investigate their ability to promote catalytic hydrogen isotope exchange using deuterated benzene as deuterium source. These studies have revealed that sodium dicyclohexylamide in combination with PMDETA (N,N,N’,N’’,N’’‐pentamethyldiethylentriamine) offers only slightly lower deuterium incorporation for non‐activated arenes than sodium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide, which is significantly more expensive and less available.
The politics of emotion and domestic violence in northern Vietnam
Authors: Kwiatkowski Lynn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChanging social, political, and cultural processes in Vietnam are reshaping people's emotional and social responses to domestic violence on multiple levels. Socioeconomic reforms instituted in the 1980s, the related state revival of Confucian gender ideologies, and the influences in recent decades of international and local nongovernmental organizations’ approaches to domestic violence are significant shifts that have influenced these emergent responses. Using the framework of feminist critical medical anthropology, I explore how different emotional experiences of violence provide insight into patterns of help‐seeking and interventions addressing marital violence. I suggest that Vietnamese state discourses and laws shape people's feelings in diverse and sometimes contradictory ways. State actors, for one, are particularly influenced to express and experience emotional responses in support of the nation. On the other hand, abused women, community members, and professionals experience more ambivalent feelings toward state discourses and practices as they engage moral emotions of care, love, and concern, prioritizing abused women's health and safety. Complicating this is some state actors grappling with their own ambivalent and tangled feelings as they assist abused women. Awareness of the diverse cross‐cultural range of emotional complexity can aid feminist anthropologists and activists in attempts to understand and prevent domestic violence.
Flexible UV photodetector based on copper tetraiodogallate (CuGaI4) film
Authors: Chen Haoyu , Liu Bingxu , Cao Jiupeng , Ji Lian , Xie Jiankai , Shu Yuting , Dong Jingjin , Wang Aifei , Wang Fangfang , Yan Feng , Qin Tianshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Cu‐based halide semiconductor CuGaI4 was prepared by a high‐temperature melting method. Optoelectronic characterization and density functional theory calculations of CuGaI4 reveal a direct bandgap of 2.9 eV. The corresponding UV photodetector (PD) based on CuGaI4 demonstrates excellent UV response and rapid response time. In addition, a flexible PD based on CuGaI4 is prepared, which also displays excellent photoresponse characteristics and mechanical stability. This work provides a systematic study of this novel Cu‐based halide semiconductor and demonstrates the great potential of CuGaI4 for future UV optoelectronic devices.
Causes and impact of delays during the COVID‐19 pandemic on head and neck cancer diagnosis
Authors: Gete Maru , Huang Shao Hui , Ringash Jolie , Irish Jonathan , Su Jie , Ballal Yashi , Waldron John N. , Witterick Ian , de Almeida John , Hosni Ali , Hope Andrew J. , Monteiro Eric , Cho John , O'Sullivan Brian , Kim John , Bratman Scott , Goldstein David P. , McPartlin Andrew , Tsai Jillian , Tong Li , Xu Wei , Hahn Ezra 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe causes for delays during the COVID19 pandemic and their impact on head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis and staging are not well described.MethodsTwo cohorts were defined a priori for review and analysis—a Pre‐Pandemic cohort (June 1 to December 31, 2019) and a Pandemic cohort (June 1 to December 31, 2020). Delays were categorized as COVID‐19 related or not, and as clinician, patient, or policy related.ResultsA total of 638 HNC patients were identified including 327 in the Pre‐Pandemic Cohort and 311 in the Pandemic Cohort. Patients in the Pandemic cohort had more N2‐N3 category (41% vs. 33%, p = 0.03), T3‐T4 category (63% vs. 50%, p = 0.002), and stage III‐IV (71% vs. 58%, p < 0.001) disease. Several intervals in the diagnosis to treatment pathway were significantly longer in the pandemic cohort as compared to the Pre‐Pandemic cohort. Among the pandemic cohort, 146 (47%) experienced a delay, with 112 related to the COVID‐19 pandemic; 80 (71%) were clinician related, 15 (13%) were patient related, and 17 (15%) were policy related.ConclusionsPatients in the Pandemic cohort had higher stage disease at diagnosis and longer intervals along the diagnostic pathway, with COVID‐19 related clinician factors being the most common cause of delay.
Two‐dimensional germanium for photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Zhao Guanshu , Zhang Dake , Wang Shenghua , Sun Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSucceeding graphene a series of two‐dimensional materials (2D M) have been developed and applied in various fields. As an analog of silicene, 2D germanium (2D Ge) has garnered vast attention owing to its novel structures and prolific properties, demonstrating substantial promise in semiconductor, catalysis, devices, and other burgeoning fields. Specifically, 2D Ge is advantageous in providing a massive specific surface area, preferable transport properties, a tunable band gap structure, and confinement effects. Endowed with unique features, functionalized 2D Ge has become a competitive candidate for photocatalysis. In this review, we catalog various synthetic methods of 2D Ge, discuss its fundamental properties, and summarize recent applications. We also present a few perspectives to provide fresh insights into designing and exploring 2D germanium in future photocatalysis.
At the Margins of the Minors: Good Girls, Bad Girls, and Baseball Beyond the Big Leagues
Authors: Brownson Connie , Dorton Harold 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the experiences of minor league baseball groupies, focusing on the exchange relationships that they form with players. As two types of exchanges emerged, we discovered two types of groupies who are marginally attached to the world of one particular minor league baseball team. Contrary to some popular writers, who suggest that all groupies have similar motives and relationships with players, we find that “good girl” groupies and “bad girl” groupies create remarkably different relationships with players. This paper details how we discovered these two types of groupies.
Sports Talk Radio: Finding Community in “The Jungle” of Jim Rome
Authors: Hyun MeHee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSports talk radio represents a particular niche form of popular media whose influence on American culture extends far beyond its predominantly male audience. The sports radio talk format engages a dynamic between host and listener, as well as across listeners, which allows for an examination of how community can exist beyond geographic boundaries, building upon the use of social identity theories, popular culture, and other sociological constructs. This paper focuses on the Jim Rome Show, arguably the most recognizable name in sports talk radio, to better understand how the medium can create an environment of community.
Essentialism and the Construction of Gender and Race in Season 2 of Lifetime's UnREAL
Authors: Vannatta Seth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:This article investigates UnREAL's gender and racial discourse and imagery in order to assess its ability to promote a feminist and anti‐racist agenda. It proceeds by defining essentialism generally and gender and racial essentialism specifically. Next, it illustrates the way these concepts are depicted on Season 2 of UnREAL. Third, it investigates the UnREAL's ability to undermine static notions of gender, depict the complexity of contemporary racism, and illustrate elements of racism inherent in white feminism. Ultimately, this article argues that in Season 2 UnREAL consciously constructs racial and gender injustices and stereotypes in a successful effort to make the audience reflect on patriarchy and racial injustice in contemporary society. The result of this analysis is that UnREAL constitutes a successful iteration of the feminist project of Lifetime's Broad Focus initiative, one which includes a critique of liberal white feminism's racist elements.
Children of the Grave: Visual Nuclear Rhetoric in Heavy Metal Music
Authors: Lusty Heather 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:In this review, the author explores a new text that investigates and connects multi‐dimensional aspects of print culture on the cusp of the technological age. Strengths of the text, namely meticulous research, copious primary sources and images, and compelling arguments regarding the interconnectivity of print media, leisure publishing, politics, journalism, technology, and imperial expansion, are supported with engaging visuals and rigorous scholarship in multiple disciplines. The author notes the increasing value of broad, multi‐field studies like this, particularly in the current era of multi‐media news platforms, to enhance our understanding of the myriad influences daily political and cultural life exerts on our literary consumption.
Seasonal Ethnic Celebrations at Disney California Adventure from 2012 through 2017
Authors: Salsitz Maureen 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBy allocating more resources to ethnic celebrations, Disney California Adventure has reflected local demographic trends such as population increases of Hispanic/Latino and Asian groups, connecting the size and duration of each celebration to corresponding demographics within California. The Disney Company has reframed Traditional Disney Ideologies supporting white, middle‐class Americans to now reflect this increasing diversity and this illustrates the tensions between Disney's business goals for increased attendance and sales with the goals of ethnic inclusivity and multiculturalism. By highlighting the roles of Diversity Resource Groups (DRGs) as mediators of representations at the ethnic celebrations, this article examines in‐park representations of ethnic identities at four different seasonal celebrations, held from 2012 through early 2017 at Disney California Adventure in Anaheim, CA. In contrast to static everyday park features, the ethnic celebrations and festivals are more fluid and dynamic even as they flatten and essentialize identities for Celebrate Gospel, ¡Viva Navidad!, Lunar New Year, and Festival of Holidays.