bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastereomerically pure nucleoside‐5′‐O‐(2‐thio‐4,4‐pentamethylene‐1,3,2‐oxathiaphospholane)s—Substrates for synthesis of P‐chiral derivatives of nucleoside‐5′‐O‐phosphorothioates
Authors: Tomaszewska Agnieszka , Guga Piotr , Stec Wojciech J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA method for stereocontrolled chemical synthesis of P‐substituted nucleoside 5′‐O‐phosphorothioates has been elaborated. Selected 3′‐O‐acylated deoxyribonucleoside‐ and 2′,3′‐O,O‐diacylated ribonucleoside‐5′‐O‐(2‐thio‐4,4‐pentamethylene‐1,3,2‐oxathiaphospholane)s were chromatographically separated into P‐diastereomers. Their reaction with anions of phosphorus‐containing acids was highly stereoselective (≥90%) and furnished corresponding P‐chiral α‐thiodiphosphates and their phosphonate analogs with satisfactory yield. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A mechanistic approach for the DNA binding of chiral enantiomeric L‐ and D‐tryptophan‐derived metal complexes of 1,2‐DACH: Cleavage and antitumor activity
Authors: Arjmand Farukh , Muddassir Mohd. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new chiral series of potential antitumor metal‐based complexes 1, 1a, 1b, 2, 2a, 2b, 3, 3a, 3b of L‐ and D‐tryptophan have been synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Both enantiomers of 1, 2, 3 bind DNA noncovalently via phosphate interaction with slight preference of metal center for covalent coordination to nucleobases. The Kb values of L‐enantiomer, however, possess higher propensity for DNA binding in comparison with the D‐enantiomeric analogs. The relative trend in Kb values is as follows: 2a > 2b > 3a > 1a > 3b > 1b.These observations together with the findings of circular dichoric and fluorescence studies reveal maximal potential of L‐enantiomeric form of copper complex to bind DNA, thereby exerting its therapeutic effect. The complex 2a exhibits a remarkable DNA cleavage activity with pBR322DNA in the presence of different activators such as H2O2, ascorbic acid, 3‐mercaptopropionic acid, and glutathione, suggesting the involvement of active oxygen species for the DNA scission. In vitro anticancer activity of complexes 1a, 2a, 3a were screened against 14 different human carcinoma cell lines of different histological origin, and the results reveal that 2a shows significant antitumor activity in comparison with both 1a and 3a and is particularly selective for MIAPACA2 (pancreatic cancer cell line). Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of optical purity of 3,5‐dimethoxybenzoyl‐leucine diethylamide by chiral chromatography and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Heo Kyu Sung , Hyun Myung Ho , Cho Yoon Jae , Ryoo Jae Jeong 
Published: October 2010

Abstract(R)‐N‐3,5‐dinitrobenzoyl (DNB) leucine derived chiral selector was used as an HPLC chiral stationary phase for the resolution of various racemic amino acids derivatives. In this study, determination of optical purity of an amino acid derivative was performed by chiral high performance liquid chromatography and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy by using the DNB leucine derived chiral selector. The accuracy and precision of each optical purity value are calculated and the data are compared to each other. Chirality, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bioanorganische Chemie des Vanadiums. Leben ohne Vanadium?
Authors: Rehder Dieter 
Published: October 2010

AbstractVanadium wird von Mikroorganismen als Elektronenakzeptor in der Respiration sowie als essentielles Übergangsmetall in enzymatischen Reaktionen verwendet. Ein Beispiel für die Verwendung in respiratorischer Funktion, bei der Vanadat(V) zu Oxidovanadium(IV) reduziert wird, ist das Bodenbakterium Shewanella. Beispiele für enzymatische Reaktionen sind die Stickstofffixierung (durch das Proteobakterium Azotobacter und das Cyanobakterium Anabaena), sowie die Zweielektronen‐Oxidation von Halogenid X– zu einer Spezies {X+} durch marine Makroalgen, primitive Pilze und Flechten. In der Vanadiumnitrogenase ist Vanadium Bestandteil eines {Fe7VS9} Clusters, in den Vanadat‐abhängigen Haloperoxidasen liegt H2VO4– gebunden an einen Histidylrest aus der Proteinmatrix vor. Pilze der Gattung Amanita speichern Vanadium in Form von Amavadin mit “nacktem” Vanadium(IV); einige Seescheiden und Strudelwürmer reichern Vanadium aus dem Meerwasser an und speichern es als Aqua‐Komplex des Vanadium(III). Maßgeschneiderte Vandiumkomplexe mit organischen Liganden haben sich in vivo und in vitro als Insulin‐Mimetika erwiesen: Sie vermögen die Glucoseaufnahme durch die Zellen zu stimulieren und den Abbau von Fetten zu inhibieren. Diese Funktionen stehen in Beziehung zum Vanadat‐Phosphat‐Antagonismus.
An in situ toxicity assay with the local phytoplankton community
Authors: Moreira-Santos Matilde , Antunes Sara C , Gonçalves Fernando , Soares Amadeu M.V.M , Ribeiro Rui 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe present study describes an approach for toxicity estimates based on the in situ exposure of the local phytoplankton community immobilized in calcium-alginate beads. The assay was deployed in an acid mine drainage-impacted system, at a reference site and an impacted site. Abundances and growth rates of major taxonomic groups (green algae, flagellates, diatoms, and cyanobacteria) and of the entire community were measured. The ecological relevance of classical toxicity estimates was evaluated by performing in situ and laboratory assays with the standard species Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris. Site waters were tested without and with nutrient enrichment, to discriminate toxic effects from those caused by nutrient limitations. Despite the occurrence of growth-limiting conditions for the local phytoplankton within the alginate matrix, an impact of the mine effluent on the community was detected. The growth of the community and of all taxonomic groups, except for the cyanobacteria, was less at the impacted site than at the reference site, although adding nutrients partially compensated for the effluent detrimental effects. Shifts in the community structure were also provoked by the mine effluent; decreases in the abundance of green algae were paralleled by increases in the abundance of flagellates and diatoms, but mainly of cyanobacteria. Effects on the growth of both standard species of green algae were in conformity with those on the local phytoplankton, probably because the latter was dominated by green algae. Although future improvements regarding the cell immobilization technique should be attempted, the proposed easy and inexpensive approach to assess both the growth and the structure of local phytoplankton communities will allow more environmentally realistic site-specific assessments of water quality. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:196–205. © 2010 SETAC
Environmental risk assessment of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the aquatic environment: A case study including a cocktail scenario
Authors: Styrishave Bjarne , Halling-Sørensen Bent , Ingerslev Flemming 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We present an environmental risk assessment of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs; citalopram, sertraline, and fluoxetine) in the aquatic environment based on two case scenarios. Abiotic and biotic degradation experiments and sorption estimates were used to predict environmental concentrations of three SSRIs from the wastewater of two psychiatric hospitals, the primary sector, and wastewater entering and leaving wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Assuming a sewage treatment retention time of 8 h, abiotic degradation was low, for all three SSRIs inhibitors, ranging between 0 and 2% for hydrolysis and 0 and 6% for photolysis. The biodegradation was also slow, ranging from 0 to 3% within an 8-h period. In untreated sewage, citalopram (CIT) and sertraline (SER) concentrations may be high enough to exert effects on the aquatic biota (CIT: 0.19–10.3 µg/L; SER: 0.14–17.1 µg/L). Removal of the pharmaceuticals is due primarily to sorption in the WWTP. Sertraline was estimated to have the highest concentrations in the sewage effluents, 4.4 and 19.9 ng/L for the two cases, respectively. In treated wastewater, individual SSRI concentrations are probably too low to exert effects on biota. By using concentration addition, a cocktail exposure scenario was estimated. The predicted concentration in the biota calculated from the cocktail effect was 0.05 and 0.16 nmol/g for the two cases, respectively, and SER was found to give the highest contribution to this cocktail effect. The results indicate that the concentrations in the wastewater effluents are one to two orders of magnitude lower than the concentrations likely to cause an effect in the aquatic biota. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:254–261. © 2010 SETAC
Apple orchard pest control strategies affect bird communities in southeastern France
Authors: Bouvier Jean-Charles , Ricci Benoît , Agerberg Julia , Lavigne Claire 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBirds are regarded as appropriate biological indicators of how changes in agricultural practices affect the environment. They are also involved in the biocontrol of pests. In the present study, we provide an assessment of the impact of pest control strategies on bird communities in apple orchards in southeastern France. We compared the structure (abundance, species richness, and diversity) of breeding bird communities in 15 orchards under conventional or organic pest control over a three-year period (2003–2005). Pest control strategies and their evolution over time were characterized by analyzing farmers' treatment schedules. The landscape surrounding the orchards was characterized using a Geographic Information System. We observed 30 bird species overall. Bird abundance, species richness, and diversity were all affected by pest control strategies, and were highest in organic orchards and lowest in conventional orchards during the three study years. The pest control strategy affected insectivores more than granivores. We further observed a tendency for bird communities in integrated pest management orchards to change over time and become increasingly different from communities in organic orchards, which also corresponded to changes in treatment schedules. These findings indicate that within-orchard bird communities may respond quickly to changes in pesticide use and may, in turn, influence biocontrol of pests by birds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:212–219. © 2010 SETAC
The role of recollection and familiarity in the functional differentiation of the medial temporal lobes
Authors: Montaldi Daniela , Mayes Andrew R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe components of the medial temporal lobes (MTL) receive different kinds of input. The perirhinal cortex receives primarily object/item information, the parahippocampal cortex receives contextual information, and the hippocampus receives high‐level inputs that include object/item, context, and other information. Critically, the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices have similar cytoarchitectonics, which differ considerably from that of the hippocampus and suggest that these cortices process their inputs differently from the way that the hippocampus processes its inputs. Much evidence indicates that the hippocampus is designed to rapidly bind together pattern‐separated representations that support recall/recollectioni well. In contrast, the newer MTL cortices rapidly create poorly pattern‐separated memories that support familiarity well, but recall/recollection very poorly. For over a decade, there has been disagreement about whether recall/recollection is primarily mediated by the hippocampus and familiarity by the evolutionarily newer MTL cortices or whether the MTL mediates these kinds of memory in an integrated, homogeneous fashion. Common misconceptions about familiarity, recollection, item, and associative memory are discussed as are methodological problems with MTL lesion and functional imaging research. The possible confound of familiarity with weaker memory and recollection with stronger memory is discussed and the implications of the Montaldi et al. (2006) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study, which matched memory strength between strong familiarity and recollection, finding that only recollection activated the hippocampus, are discussed. A suggestion is made about how the long‐running conflict of findings in the human hippocampal lesion literature may be resolved. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microarray analysis of rat hippocampus exposed to excitotoxicity: Reversal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCX3 is overexpressed in glial cells
Authors: Ortuño‐Sahagún Daniel , Rivera‐Cervantes Martha C. , Gudiño‐Cabrera Graciela , Junyent Felix , Verdaguer Ester , Auladell Carme , Pallàs Mercè , Camins Antoni , Beas‐Zárate Carlos 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMultiple factors are involved in the glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity phenomenon, such as overload of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors, excess Ca2+ influx, nitric oxide synthase activation, oxidative damage due to increase in free radicals, and release of endogenous polyamine, among others. In order to attempt a more integrated approach to address this issue, we established, by microarray analysis, the hippocampus gene expression profiles under glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity conditions. Increased gene expression is mainly related to excitotoxicity (CaMKII, glypican 2, GFAP, NCX3, IL‐2, and Gmeb2) or with cell damage response (dynactin and Ecel1). Several genes that augmented their expression are related to glutamatergic system modulation, in particular with NMDA receptor modulation and calcium homeostasis (IL‐2, CaMKII, acrosin, Gmeb2, hAChE, Slc83a, and SP1 factor). Conversely, among genes that diminished their expression, we found the Syngap 1, which is downregulated by CaMKII, and the MHC II, which is downregulated by glutamate. Changes observed in gene expression induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) neonatal treatment in the hippocampus are consistent with the activation of the mechanisms that modulate NMDA receptor function as well as with the implementation of plastic response to cell damage and intracellular calcium homeostasis. Regarding this aspect, we report here that NCX3/Slc8a3, a Na+/Ca2+ membrane exchanger, is highly expressed in astrocytes, both in vitro and in vivo, in response to glutamate‐induced excitotoxicity. Hence, the results of this analysis present a broad view of the expression profile elicited by MSG neonatal treatment, and lead us to suggest the possible molecular pathways of action and reaction involved under this experimental model of excitotoxicity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The unitary model for estrogen deficiency and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis: Is a revision needed?
Authors: Khosla Sundeep , Melton L Joseph , Riggs B Lawrence 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOver a decade ago, we proposed a “unitary” model for the pathogenesis of osteoporosis that identified estrogen deficiency as the predominant cause of both the early, accelerated, and late slow phases of bone loss in postmenopausal women and as a contributing cause of the continuous phase of bone loss in aging men. While this was a plausible model then, new data over the intervening years suggest a need to modify these concepts. Indeed, based largely on rodent studies, a “revisionist” view of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has been proposed recently that attempts a paradigm shift from the estrogen-centric model to one in which bone loss is largely independent of estrogen deficiency and is driven instead by cell-autonomous age-related factors. However, detailed clinical investigative studies using quantitative computed tomography demonstrate that the onset of cortical bone loss in humans is closely tied to estrogen deficiency; thus the estrogen-centric view is likely correct for cortical bone, which comprises over 80% of the skeleton and is the major structural determinant of fracture risk at most skeletal sites. By contrast, these same studies also demonstrate that trabecular bone loss begins in sex hormone–replete young adults of both sexes. This suggests that a significant proportion of trabecular bone loss is either estrogen-independent or, as suggested by some studies, requires higher levels for its regulation. In this perspective, we critically review these and other findings, leading us to conclude that our original model requires modification but not revision. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Serum fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and fracture risk in elderly men
Authors: Mirza Majd AI , Karlsson Magnus K , Mellström Dan , Orwoll Eric , Ohlsson Claes , Ljunggren Östen , Larsson Tobias E 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A normal mineral metabolism is integral for skeletal development and preservation of bone integrity. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a bone-derived circulating factor that decreases serum concentrations of inorganic phosphorous (Pi) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Increased FGF-23 expression is a direct or indirect culprit in several skeletal disorders; however, the relation between FGF-23 and fracture risk remains undetermined. We evaluated the prospective relation between serum intact FGF-23 (measured by a two-site monoclonal antibody ELISA) and fracture risk employing the Swedish part of the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS; n = 2868; mean age 75.4 ± 3.2 years; median follow-up period 3.35 years). The incidence of at least one validated fracture after baseline was 20.4 per 1000 person-years. FGF-23 was directly related to the overall fracture risk [age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) per SD increase = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.40] and vertebral fracture risk (HR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.02–1.75). Spline models revealed a nonlinear relation between FGF-23 and fracture risk, with the strongest relation at FGF-23 levels above 55.7 pg/mL. FGF-23 levels above 55.7 pg/mL also were associated with an increased risk for hip and nonvertebral fractures (HR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.16–4.58, and HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.01–2.63, respectively). These relations remained essentially unaltered after adjustment for bodymass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), glomerular filtration rate, 25(OH)2D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and other fracture risk factors. In conclusion, FGF-23 is a novel predictor of fracture risk in elderly men. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Growth hormone mediates pubertal skeletal development independent of hepatic IGF-1 production
Authors: Courtland Hayden-William , Sun Hui , Beth-On Mordechay , Wu Yingjie , Elis Sebastien , Rosen Clifford J , Yakar Shoshana 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Deficiencies in either growth hormone (GH) or insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are associated with reductions in bone size during growth in humans and animal models. Liver-specific IGF-1-deficient (LID) mice, which have 75% reductions in serum IGF-1, were created previously to separate the effects of endocrine (serum) IGF-1 from autocrine/paracrine IGF-1. However, LID mice also have two- to threefold increases in GH, and this may contribute to the observed pubertal skeletal phenotype. To clarify the role of GH in skeletal development under conditions of significantly reduced serum IGF-1 levels (but normal tissue IGF-1 levels), we studied the skeletal response of male LID and control mice to GH inhibition by pegvisomant from 4 to 8 weeks of age. Treatment of LID mice with pegvisomant resulted in significant reductions in body weight, femur length (Le), and femur total area (Tt.Ar), as well as further reductions in serum IGF-1 levels by 8 weeks of age, compared with the mean values of vehicle-treated LID mice. Reductions in both Tt.Ar and Le were proportional after treatment with pegvisomant. On the other hand, the relative amount of cortical tissue formed (RCA) in LID mice treated with pegvisomant was significantly less than that in both vehicle-treated LID and control mice, indicating that antagonizing GH action, either directly (through GH receptor signaling inhibition) or indirectly (through further reductions in serum/tissue IGF-1 levels), results in disproportionate reductions in the amount of cortical bone formed. This resulted in bones with significantly reduced mechanical properties (femoral whole-bone stiffness and work to failure were markedly decreased), suggesting that compensatory increases of GH in states of IGF-1 deficiency (LID mice) act to protect against a severe inhibition of bone modeling during growth, which otherwise would result in bones that are too weak for normal and/or extreme loading conditions. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Adolescent knowledge of schizophrenia and social distancing: a province‐wide survey
Authors: Faulkner Guy , Irving Hyacinth , Paglia‐Boak Angela , Adlaf Edward 
Published: October 2010

AbstractStigma is a significant barrier to the improvement of the lives of people with schizophrenia. Little is known about the emergence of stigmatizing attitudes developmentally. The purpose of this study was to provide a provincial assessment of adolescent knowledge about schizophrenia and to identify the relationship between adolescent knowledge and social distance toward people with schizophrenia. Data were derived from the 2005 cycle of the Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey. In total, 3,117, 7th‐ to 12th‐graders completed self‐administered questionnaires that included a measure of schizophrenia knowledge and social distancing. Results indicated that the majority of adolescents had some knowledge about schizophrenia and low social distancing toward people with schizophrenia. Greater knowledge, increasing age, being female, and lower parental education were associated with less distancing attitudes. Educational campaigns to reduce stigma may still be warranted as one component of broader multilevel interventions to overcome mental illness stigma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of resource constraints on the psychological well‐being of survivors of intimate partner violence over time
Authors: Beeble Marisa L. , Bybee Deborah , Sullivan Cris M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study examined the impact of resource constraints on the psychological well‐being of survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), testing whether resource constraints is one mechanism that partially mediates the relationship between IPV and women's well‐being. Although within‐woman changes in resource constraints did not mediate the relationship between change in physical abuse and change in well‐being, change in resource constraints fully explained the relationship between change in psychological abuse and change in psychological well‐being over time. Survivors' resource constraints were fully responsible for the significant mental health consequences that women experienced after psychological abuse. Between‐women differences in initial resource constraints were also examined; however, they did not mediate the relationship between women's earlier experiences of abuse and change in their well‐being over time. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.