bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating plastic adherent mesenchymal stem cells in aged hip fracture patients
Authors: Alm Jessica J. , Koivu Helka M.A. , Heino Terhi J. , Hentunen Teuvo A. , Laitinen Saara , Aro Hannu T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe examined the presence of circulating plastic adherent multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in fracture patients. Three patient groups (n = 10–18) were evaluated, including elderly females with a femoral neck fracture treated with cemented hemiarthroplasty, an age‐ and sex‐matched group with hip osteoarthritis (OA) treated with cemented total hip arthroplasty (THA), and younger adults with surgically treated lower extremity fractures. The presence of circulating MSCs pre‐ and postoperatively was compared to bone marrow (BM) MSCs from the same subjects. Criteria for identifying MSCs included cell surface markers (CD105+, CD73+, CD90+, CD45−, CD14−), proliferation through several passages as well as osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. Plastic adherent MSCs were found in peripheral blood (PB) from 22% of hip fracture patients, 46% of younger fracture patients, and in none of 63 pre‐ and postmenopausal women with hip OA. When detectable, circulating MSCs appeared between 39 and 101 h after fracture. PB derived MSCs did not differ from BM derived MSCs, except for a small population (<15%) of CD34+ cells among PB derived MSCs. This initial study indicates mobilization of MSCs into the circulation in response to fracture, even in very old patients, while circulating MSCs were not detectable before or after elective THA. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:1634–1642, 2010
Economic valuation of land restoration: The case of exclosures established on communal grazing lands in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Mekuria W. , Veldkamp E. , Tilahun M. , Olschewski R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractConverting degraded grazing lands into exclosures is one option to restore soil nutrients and to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. We estimate the economic value of such a conversion and assess the perception of local communities concerning exclosures in the highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia. Our research combines a soil and vegetation study with a socio‐economic survey, and a financial analysis. Over a period of 30 years, sequestered carbon dioxide was 246 Mg ha−1, total soil nitrogen increased by 7·9 Mg ha−1 and additional available phosphorous stocks amounted to 40 kg ha−1. The Net Present Value of exclosure's ecosystem services under consideration was about 28 per cent (837 US $) higher than alternative wheat production. Carbon revenues alone added up to only about 44 per cent of the net revenues of wheat production. This indicates that (i) carbon market revenues only, would not generate sufficient incentives to establish additional exclosures, and (ii) if all benefits are taken into account and financially rewarded, exclosures are competitive to alternatives land uses. We also identified substantial opportunities to mobilize the local communities in efforts to establish exclosures, given that more than 75 per cent had a positive view on exclosures effectiveness to restore degraded soils and vegetation. We conclude that a comprehensive analysis is necessary to consider the ecological as well as economic and social impacts of exclosures. Our findings are important information for local decision makers and may provide incentives for the establishment of further exclosures in the Northern Highlands of Ethiopia, thereby contributing to a sustainable local development process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bolus ingestion of white and green tea increases the concentration of several flavan‐3‐ols in plasma, but does not affect markers of oxidative stress in healthy non‐smokers
Authors: Müller Nadine , Ellinger Sabine , Alteheld Birgit , Ulrich‐Merzenich Gudrun , Berthold Heiner K. , Vetter Hans , Stehle Peter 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWhite tea (WT) is rich in flavan‐3‐ols as green tea (GT) and might provide health protective effects due to the strong antioxidant properties of flavan‐3‐ols. Since intervention studies with WT are lacking, we evaluated the effects of WT consumption on antioxidant status, antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of oxidative stress compared to water and GT. After an overnight fast, 70 healthy non‐smokers were randomized to consume 600 mL of WT, GT or water (control). Plasma (epi‐)catechin and epi(gallo)catechingallate, antioxidant capacity (Folin assay, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity test), 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α, ascorbic acid and uric acid were determined before and several times within 8 h after consumption. DNA strand breaks were measured in vivo and ex vivo (H2O2 stimulation) in leukocytes. Plasma flavan‐3‐ols significantly increased after WT and GT ingestion. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was lower after 5 h in controls versus WT (p=0.031) and GT (p=0.005). Folin‐Ciocalteu reducing capacity, ascorbic and uric acid as well as markers of oxidative stress (8‐iso‐prostaglandin‐F2α, DNA strand breaks) were not affected by the beverages. A short‐term increase of catechins does not change plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy subjects. Conclusions with respect to health protective effects of WT and GT on the basis of these biomarkers can, thus, not be drawn.
Nonextractable polyphenols, usually ignored, are the major part of dietary polyphenols: A study on the Spanish diet
Authors: Arranz Sara , Silván Jose Manuel , Saura‐Calixto Fulgencio 
Published: June 2010

AbstractScope: Dietary polyphenols (PP) can be divided into two groups: extractable polyphenols (EPP) or compounds solubilized by aqueous organic solvents, and nonextractable polyphenols (NEPP) or compounds that remain in their corresponding extraction residues. Most studies on food polyphenols and dietary intakes address exclusively EPP. The objective of this work was to determine the actual amount of PP, including NEPP, in food and in a whole diet.Methods and results: HPLC‐MS analyses were performed to identify EPP in methanol–acetone extracts and NEPP in the acidic hydrolyzates of their extraction residues in cereals, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. NEPP contents, estimated as hydrolyzable PP plus nonextractable proanthocyanidins (PA), ranged from 880 mg/100 g dry weight in fruits to 210 mg/100 g in cereals and were substantially higher than the contents of EPP. NEPP intake (day/person) in the Spanish diet (942 mg) is higher than EPP intake (258 mg) fruits and vegetables (746 mg) are the major contributors to the total PP intake (1201 mg).Conclusion: Non extractable polyphenols are the major part of dietary polyphenols. The knowledge of intakes and physiological properties of NEPP may be useful for a better understanding of the potential health effects of dietary PP.
Diosgenin present in fenugreek improves glucose metabolism by promoting adipocyte differentiation and inhibiting inflammation in adipose tissues
Authors: Uemura Taku , Hirai Shizuka , Mizoguchi Noriko , Goto Tsuyoshi , Lee Joo‐Yong , Taketani Keiko , Nakano Yuki , Shono Jinji , Hoshino Shohei , Tsuge Nobuaki , Narukami Toshihiko , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Kawada Teruo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy and chronic inflammation in adipose tissues cause insulin resistance and type‐2 diabetes. Trigonella foenum‐graecum (fenugreek) can ameliorate hyperglycemia and diabetes. However, the effects of fenugreek on adipocyte size and inflammation in adipose tissues have not been demonstrated. In this study, we determined the effects of fenugreek on adipocyte size and inflammation in adipose tissues in diabetic obese KK‐Ay mice, and identified the active substance in fenugreek. Treatment of KK‐Ay mice with a high fat diet supplemented with 2% fenugreek ameliorated diabetes. Moreover, fenugreek miniaturized the adipocytes and increased the mRNA expression levels of differentiation‐related genes in adipose tissues. Fenugreek also inhibited macrophage infiltration into adipose tissues and decreased the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory genes. In addition, we identified diosgenin, a major aglycone of saponins in fenugreek to promote adipocyte differentiation and to inhibit expressions of several molecular candidates associated with inflammation in 3T3‐L1 cells. These results suggest that fenugreek ameliorated diabetes by promoting adipocyte differentiation and inhibiting inflammation in adipose tissues, and its effects are mediated by diosgenin. Fenugreek containing diosgenin may be useful for ameliorating the glucose metabolic disorder associated with obesity.
Plasma phospholipids n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is associated with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Huang Tao , Bhulaidok Subhachai , Cai Zhenzhen , Xu Tongcheng , Xu Fang , Wahlqvist Mark L. , Li Duo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe relationship between n‐3 PUFA and metabolic syndrome (MS) is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between plasma phospholipids (PL) n‐3 PUFA and MS in Chinese subjects. Nine hundred and twenty‐nine subjects were recruited in Hangzhou, China. Two hundred and ten (183 males, 27 females) with MS and 719 (545 males, 174 females) healthy subjects were identified in this cross‐sectional study. The prevalence of MS in females (24.56%) was significantly higher than that in males (10.04%) in this population. Total PUFA (p<0.001), n‐3 PUFA (p<0.001), and n‐3:n‐6 (p<0.001) were significantly lower in MS subjects compared to healthy subjects. Plasma phospholipid (PL), n‐3 PUFA was significantly inversely associated with MS (p=0.013). In addition, subjects with high levels of PL total fatty acids (FA) had a more than threefold higher likelihood of MS (OR=3.44, 95% CI=1.60–7.39) than the subjects with low levels of PL total FA. Our results suggest that plasma PL n‐3 PUFA was significantly inversely associated with MS, while high total FA were positively associated with MS in Chinese.
X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy Kerr effect studies of capped magnetic nanowires
Authors: Cunniffe J. P. , McNally D. E. , Liberati M. , Arenholz E. , McGuinness C. , McGilp J. F. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAligned Co wires grown on Pt(997) under ultra‐high vacuum conditions have been capped successfully by the epitaxial growth of Au monolayers (ML) at room temperature. The samples were kept under vacuum except when transferring between apparatus or when making some of the measurements. No degradation of the Co wires was detected during the measurements. The magneto‐optic response of the system was measured using X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Co L2,3 edge and reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) at near normal incidence, which is sensitive to the normal component of the out‐of‐plane magnetization via the Kerr effect (MOKE). Capping the wires significantly impacts their magnetic properties. Comparison of the magneto‐optic response of the system at X‐ray and optical energies reveals small differences that are attributed to the induced moment in the Pt substrate and Au capping layer not picked up by the element specific XMCD measurements. The sensitivity of RAS‐MOKE is sufficient to allow the determination of the easy axis direction of the capped wires to within a few degrees. The results for a 6‐atom‐wide Co wire sample, capped with 6 ML of Au, are consistent with the capped wires possessing perpendicular magnetization.
Macroscopic movement of azo polymer chains by near‐field probes: Dependence on the illumination conditions
Authors: Savoini Matteo , Biagioni Paolo , Finazzi Marco , Duò Lamberto 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe movement of photosensitive azo polymers induced by scanning near‐field illumination is studied. As a function of the photon flux illuminating the sample and exposure time, different effects are obtained: from a nanoscopic reorientation, inducing birefringence in the sample, to a macroscopic movement of the photosensitive polymers. It is also shown that this movement is strongly influenced by the state of incident light polarization. The combination of azo polymers and near‐field illumination allows encoding sub diffraction information and can be exploited in applications as nanomachining and nanofabrication. magnified image
Birefringence signal associated to nanoscopic reorientation of the azomers.
Simulating the temperature dependence of surface state contributions to reflection anisotropy spectral features
Authors: Isted G. E. , Lane P. D. , Cole R. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBy simulating the effect of temperature on the absorption spectra of Ag and Cu (110), we show the differing importance of the various processes influencing the temperature dependence of the width and intensity of the 1.7 eV Ag (110) reflection anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) peak and the surface state contribution to the Cu (110) 2.1 eV RAS peak. Our results show that the significance of these processes in each case is governed by the energy gap between the associated occupied surface state involved and the Fermi energy.
Deep ultraviolet emission mechanisms in highly excited Al0.79Ga0.21N/AlN quantum wells
Authors: Oto Takao , Banal Ryan G. , Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractExcitation power dependence of photoluminescence (PL) properties was investigated on high‐quality Al0.79Ga0.21N/AlN multiple quantum wells (MQWs). The MQWs were grown by recently developed growth method, modified migration enhanced epitaxy based on metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy.Clear transition of emission mechanisms from the exciton many body effect to electron‐hole plasma was observed as the excitation intensity was increased. The variation of PL peak energy was reasonably explained by bandgap renormalization, Burstein‐Moss shift, and screening of polarization‐induced electric fields. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2DEG properties in InGaN/InN/InGaN‐based double channel HEMTs
Authors: Hasan Md. Tanvir , Kaysir Md. Rejvi , Islam Md. Sherajul , Bhuiyan Ashraful G. , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Hashimoto A. , Yamamoto A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis paper describes the 2DEG properties of InGaN/InN/InGaN double channel high electron mobility transistor (DHEMT). These include an in‐depth theoretical investigation of 2DEG sheet carrier concentration and mobility. The 2DEG mobility is calculated using ensemble Monte Carlo taking into account all relevant scatterings. The calculated sheet carrier concentration reaches as high as 1.77×1014 cm‐2 for DHEMT. While for single channel high electron mobility transistor (SHEMT) the calculated sheet carrier concentration was found to be 7.06×1013 cm‐2. The maximum total 2DEG mobility is found to be around 12×104 and 8×104 cm2V‐1s‐1, respectively, for DHEMT and SHEMT for a sheet carrier concentration of ns = 5×1012 cm‐2 at 77 K. Thus, the 2DEG sheet carrier concentration and mobility for dual channel is higher than conventional single channel HEMTs. The high values of 2DEG sheet carrier concentration and mobility strongly suggest that the InGaN/InN/InGaN based double channel HEMT is very promising for the fabrication of high performance high speed device (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterization of InGaN/GaN and AlGaN/GaN superlattices by X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray reflectivity measurements
Authors: Sintonen S. , Suihkonen S. , Svensk O. , Törmä P. T. , Ali M. , Sopanen M. , Lipsanen H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe commercial significance of superlattice structures is increasing due to greater demand of optoelectronic devices, such as the light emitting diode (LED). In order to optimize these devices, an accurate and reliable characterization method is needed. This paper describes in detail the characterization of superlattices with X‐ray scattering techniques. The thicknesses of the individual layers are determined by X‐ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements and the state of strain, the lattice constants and the compositions of ternary compounds by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements.The method is non‐destructive, and yields unique results, unlike characterizations based on simulation of symmetric XRD scans. These simulations were used for verification of results. The method was tested on InGaN and AlGaN superlattice structures. The measured and simulated parameter values agreed very well. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interplay of stimulated emission and Auger‐like effect in violet and blue InGaN laser diodes
Authors: Grzanka S. , Perlin P. , Czernecki R. , Marona L. , Boćkowski M. , Łucznik B. , Leszczyński M. , Khachapuridze A. , Goss J. , Schwarz U. T. , Suski T. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe have studied two types of InGaN laser diodes emitting at 410 and 440 nm, looking for the presence of the efficiency “droop” and its influence on the performance of these devices. By measuring the devices in two experimental geometries: a) along the resonator axis, b) perpendicularly to the cavity, we were able to conclude that the light emission process in these laser diodes operating below the threshold are governed by two mechanisms: Auger‐like effect and the stimulated recombination. The competition of these two mechanisms leads to the suppression of the droop if the light is observed along the axis of the cavity. The relatively low onset of the stimulated recombination may account for the robustness of these devices against the nonradiative process (Auger‐like recombination) appearing at high current densities. Additionally, we performed the characterization of InGaN light emitting diodes grown on substrates with varied In content and defect density. The results clearly demonstrate that the droop is not related in any way with the above mentioned parameters at least in the dislocation density range between 105 and 109 cm‐2 and In composition range between 0.1‐0.15. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GaN growth on LiNbO3 (0001) – a first‐principles simulation
Authors: Sanna Simone , Schmidt Wolf Gero 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe growth of GaN on the LiNbO3 (0001) surface is simulated by means of first‐principles total‐energy calculations. Firstly the adsorption of single N and Ga monolayers is investigated and then the layer‐by‐layer growth of GaN on the polar substrate within different orientations is modeled. While adsorbing a N layer does not heavily affect the substrate morphology, the adsorption of a Ga layer causes a rearrangement of the atomic structure. Furthermore the N layer is more strongly bound to the substrate than the Ga layer. On the basis of our results, we propose a microscopic model for the GaN/LiNbO3 interface. The GaN and LiNbO3 (0001) planes are parallel, but rotated by 30° each other, with in‐plane epitaxial relationship [10$ \bar 1 $0]GaN II [11$ \bar 2 $0]. In this way the (0001) calculated in‐plane lattice mismatch between GaN and LiNbO3 is minimal and equal to 6.79% of the GaN lattice constant. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
AlGaN/GaN‐based normally‐off GaN MOSFET with stress controlled 2DEG source and drain
Authors: Im Ki‐Sik , Ha Jong‐Bong , Kim Ki‐Won , Lee Jong‐Sub , Kim Dong‐Seok , Choi Hyun‐Chul , Lee Jung‐Hee 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlGaN/GaN‐based normally‐off GaN MOSFET with stress controlled 2DEG source and drain was proposed and fabricated using Al2O3 gate oxide deposited on the fully recessed gate region. The proposed normally‐off Al2O3/GaN MOSFET utilized AlGaN/GaN heterostructure source and drain with extremely high 2DEG density of 1.87×1014 cm2 with mobility of 120 cm2V‐1s‐1 and the device results were compared to those obtained from the reference device with normal AlGaN/GaN heterostructure source and drain with 2DEG density of 1.33×1013 cm2 and mobility of 1070 cm2V‐1s‐1. The maximum drain current and maximum transconductance of the proposed device were 263 mA/mm and 72 mS/mm, respectively, about 7.3‐times and 5‐times larger than those of the reference device, which are comparable to or even higher than one of the best results obtained from various GaN MOSFETs reported by others. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and optical properties of (ZnO)x(ZnSe)ythin films for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Fridjine S. , Touihri S. , Boubaker K. , Amlouk M. , Belgacem S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn this work, the spray pyrolysis system of aqueous solution contained zinc acetate as precursors is firstly selected to prepare ZnO thin films. Second, an annealing in selenium atmosphere using various time of these ZnO thin films has been used. The structural study shows that without selenium element (y = 0), ZnO thin films, were well crystallized in hexagonal structure and oriented preferentially along (002). To understand the optical behaviour as well as the structure in (ZnO)x(ZnSe)y alloys obtained from the mixture of these binaries materials, the optical analysis using the transmittance and reflectance R(%) and T(%) measurements of these alloys has been carried out. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heat treatment effects on the surface morphology and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures
Authors: Zainizan Sahdan M. , Hafiz Mamat M. , Salina M. , Khusaimi Zuraida , Noor Uzer M. , Rusop Mohamad 
Published: June 2010

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have received broad attention due to its wide applications especially for thin‐film solar cells and transistors. In this paper, we report the effects of heat treatment on the structural and optical properties of ZnO nanostructures. Zinc oxide nanostructures were synthesized using thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method on glass substrate. The surface morphologies which were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that ZnO nanostructures change its shape and size when the annealing temperature increases from 400 °C to 600 °C. Structural measurement using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) has shown that ZnO nanostructures have the highest crystallinity and smallest crystallite size (20 nm) when annealed at 550 °C. Furthermore, the samples were optically characterized using Photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. The PL spectra indicate that ZnO nanostructures have the highest peak at UV wavelength when annealed at 550 °C. The mechanism of the PL properties of ZnO nanostructures is also discussed. We conclude that ZnO nanostructures deposited using thermal CVD have the optimum structural and PL properties when annealed at 550 °C. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)