bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasticity in singing effort and its relationship with monoamine metabolism in the songbird telencephalon
Authors: Salvante Katrina G. , Racke Danielle M. , Campbell C. Ryan , Sockman Keith W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFactors intrinsic or extrinsic to individuals, such as their quality or the quality of competition in their social environment, can influence their communication signaling effort. We hypothesized that telencephalic monoamine secretion mediates the effects of a male's own quality and quality of his social environment on his sexual signaling effort. The duration of a male European starling's (Sturnus vulgaris) principal sexual signal, his song, positively correlates with several aspects of his quality, including his reproductive success, immunocompetence, and ability to attract mates. Therefore, the length of songs to which he is exposed reflects, in part, the quality of competition in his social environment. We manipulated the quality of the competitive environment by exposing male starlings to long or short songs for 1 week. We measured the length of songs produced by experimental males to gauge their quality, counted the number of songs they produced to gauge singing effort, and quantified telencephalic monoamine metabolism using high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Singing effort increased with the length of the males' own songs and with the length of songs to which we exposed them. Norepinephrine metabolism in area X of the song control system was negatively correlated with the subjects' mean song length and singing effort. Serotonin metabolism in the caudomedial mesopallium of the auditory telencephalon increased with the length of songs to which we exposed the subjects and with their singing effort. This raises the hypothesis that serotonin and norepinephrine secretion in the telencephalon help mediate the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on signaling effort. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2010
The Assembly of Phosphometalate Clusters with Copper Complex Subunits
Authors: Lu Xiaoming , Shi Xudong , Bi Yangang , Yu Chong , Chen Yuyou , Chi Zixiang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSix organic–inorganic hybrid compounds based on a phosphometalate cluster with copper complex subunits: {[Cu(phen)2]2Cl}(PMo12O40)·H2O (1), {[Cu(phen)2]2Cl}(PW12O40)·H2O (2), [CuI(bpy)2]2{[CuII(bpy)]2P(MoV)3(MoVI)9O40} (3), H[Cu(bpy)(H2O)]{[Cu(bpy)]4(PO4)2}(PW11CuO39)·H2O (4), [Cu(phen)(H2O)]3[(PO4)2Mo5O15]·5H2O (5), and HNa[Cu(bpy)(H2O)]2[(PO4)2Mo5O15]·6H2O (6) (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) have been solvothermally synthesized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that compounds 1 and 2 are composed of a Keggin polyoxoanion (PM12O40)3– (M = Mo, W) and {[Cu(phen)2]2Cl}3+ counterion. Compound 3 is built from two [CuI(bpy)2]+ cations and a reduced‐Keggin polyoxoanion [PMoV3MoVI9O40]6– which is bi‐capped by two [CuII(bpy)]2+ through four bridging oxo groups on two opposite (Mo4O4) faces. Compound 4 is based on a monovacant Keggin anion (PW11CuO39)5– linked through four Cu(bpy)2+, two PO43–, and one {H[Cu(bpy)(H2O)]}3+, generating a one‐dimensional chain. Compounds 5 and 6 exhibit a chain‐like structure constructed from [(PO4)2Mo5O15]6– clusters linked through [Cu(phen)(H2O)]2+ and [Cu(bpy)(H2O)]2+ components, respectively. The pH is crucial for the isolation of the compounds. Compounds 1 and 2 are obtained in the pH range 1–2 with the phen ligand, and 3 and 4 are isolated in the pH range 3–4 and 2–3 with the bpy ligand, respectively. Oxalic acid acting as a reductant reduces the molybdenum ion from MoVI to MoV in 3. Compounds 5 and 6 are produced in the pH range 3–4 with phen and bpy ligands, respectively. Compound 3 shows fluorescence due to the charge transfer from CuI‐to‐ligand (MLCT) [d10‐π*]. Compound 4 displays magnetic behavior based on the super‐interaction through the tri‐copper six‐membered ring [CuII–O–CuII–O–CuII–O–]. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Extending the Lindqvist Family to Late 3d Transition Metals: A Rational Entry to CoW5 Hexametalate Chemistry
Authors: Errington R. John , Harle Gavin , Clegg William , Harrington Ross W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe dimeric CoW5 Lindqvist‐type anion [{CoW5O18H}2]6– (1) has been obtained as a tetrabutylammonium (TBA) salt by addition of either [Co(MeCN)4(H2O)2]2+ or CoCl2 to a “virtual” W5O186– precursor generated by non‐aqueous hydrolysis of a mixture of (TBA)2WO4 and WO(OMe)4. Analysis of the X‐ray crystal structure of (TBA)71(BF4) by using the Bond Valence Sum (BVS) method reveals that cobalt is present as CoII and that two protons are associated with CoOW bridging oxygen atoms, one of which is located in a hydrogen bond between the two CoW5O18 units, whereas the other is disordered between an adjacent oxygen atom and its symmetry‐related site on the other CoW5O18 unit. Treatment with pyridine cleaves dimer 1 to give [(py)CoW5O18H]3– (2), and the single protonated CoOW site was identified by BVS analysis of an X‐ray crystal structure. Due to the higher anionic charge of [CoW5O18]4–, bands due to terminal νW=O in the FTIR spectra of 1 and 2 are shifted to lower wavenumbers (933 and 935 cm–1, respectively) compared to those of [W6O19]2– (974 cm–1) and group 4 derivatives [(X)MW5O18]3– (945–955 cm–1), despite protonation of the oxometalate framework. Peaks due to CoW5 oxometalates dominate the electrospray ionisation mass spectra of (TBA)71(BF4) and (TBA)32, the most intense being assigned to {CoW5O17}2–, which is formally derived from [CoW5O18H]3– by protonation and loss of H2O.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Study of a Convenient Method for the Preparation of Hydrosoluble Fluorescent Triazatruxene Derivatives
Authors: Franceschin Marco , Ginnari‐Satriani Luca , Alvino Antonello , Ortaggi Giancarlo , Bianco Armandodoriano 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTriazatruxene derivatives find many applications as lipophilic compounds, but few examples of hydrosoluble derivatives have been reported so far. In this paper, we compare different synthetic routes for the preparation of hydrophilic triazatruxene derivatives and define the most versatile pathway. The synthesized compounds are fluorescent not only in organic solvents, as reported for other lipophilic derivatives, but also in water, making them particularly suitable for biological applications.
Recent Developments in Indium Metal and Its Salts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Antony Aneesh , George Jimil , Subba Reddy Basi V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIndium and its salts have emerged as promising catalysts for effecting various functional group transformations in last two decades. There are a great number of reported reactions involving indium reagents; the versatility and the applicability of these reactions makes it a hot field to explore, and it attracts much interest from organic chemists. The development of indium reagents in C–C bond‐formation reactions, coupling reactions, asymmetric synthesis in the presence of chiral‐metal ligand complexes, etc. has made this field more attractive. Indium salts have pronounced Lewis acid character and are also attractive because of their moderate stability to water. Here we highlight developments in indium chemistry reported in the last eight years.
A novel preparation of pyridine–urea hybrids and elucidation of their structures
Authors: Fan Xuesen , Feng Dong , Wang Xia , Qu Yingying , Zhang Xinying 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA mechanistically unique and serendipitously discovered reaction providing a variety of pyridine–urea hybrids via the thiophenol‐initiated uracil ring opening and pyridine ring‐forming process was reported. The identification process of the hybrids and the pathway through which they were formed were also briefly described. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:362–368, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20560
Image fusion methodology for efficient interpretation of multiband images in 3D high‐resolution ultrasonic transmission tomography
Authors: Jeong Jeong‐Won , Shin Dae C. , Marmarelis Vasilis Z. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWith the critical innovations of using submillimeter transducers and multiband analysis of the first arrival pulse, a high‐resolution ultrasonic transmission tomography (HUTT) system has been built and tested to produce multiband images of biological organs at submillimeter resolution. Since the resulting multiband images consist of frequency‐dependent attenuation coefficients (relative to water reference) of transmitted ultrasound pulses, their contrast and sharpness depend on the specific frequency band(s) used for image formation. Even though this multiband representation provides a powerful tool for soft‐tissue differentiation, it hinders visual inspection and limits the visual interpretation of image contents in a short time. To facilitate the visual interpretation of HUTT multiband images, this article presents an efficient image fusion methodology called local principal component analysis with structure tensor (LPCA‐ST). The LPCA has been known as a feasible tool for the fusion of spectral data, since it utilizes the principal components of spectral data as a fusion‐weighting vector of local area. Nonetheless, the LPCA‐fused image often suffers from oversmoothness because of the redundancy of the spectral data. To prevent this problem, we propose a structure tensor as the metric used to select the most informative bands for subsequent LPCA fusion. Our preliminary studies have shown that the contrast of the LPCA‐fused image improves dramatically only when multiband images whose values of the respective structure tensor are the highest are used in the LPCA fusion process. This is achieved in 3D without increasing the computational complexity of the fusion process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 277–282, 2009
Reduced model of discrete‐time dynamic image segmentation system and its bifurcation analysis
Authors: Fujimoto Ken'ichi , Musashi Mio , Yoshinaga Tetsuya 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe have developed a discrete‐time dynamic image segmentation system consisting of chaotic neurons and a global inhibitor. Our system receives an image with isolated regions and can output segmented images in time series based on oscillatory responses of chaotic neurons. In this article, we derive a reduced model to find intrinsic properties of the system of dynamic image segmentation. Using numerical method for analyzing dynamical systems, we investigated bifurcation phenomena of a fixed point observed in the reduced model. As the results, in a model of two coupled chaotic neurons, we found that a set of Neimark‐Sacker bifurcations causes the generation of an in‐phase oscillatory response, which is unsuitable for the purpose of dynamic image segmentation. The bifurcation analysis gives appropriate parameter values to exclude the generation of in‐phase oscillatory responses, i.e., our dynamic image segmentation system can work well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 283–289, 2009
Application of highlight removal and multivariate image analysis to color measurement of flotation bubble images
Authors: Yang Chunhua , Xu Canhui , Gui Weihua , Zhou Kaijun 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMachine vision based analysis provides a novel technology for froth flotation monitoring. Froth images collected are characterized by fully occupied bubbles with different size and shape under various illuminations. Convex bubbles lead to the formation of white spots that seriously affect froth color measurement. In this article, specular highlights are detected and preprocessed so as to estimate underlying color of white spots region. Because of the fact that color information is believed to be related to flotation performance, therefore, after the application of highlight inpainting, multivariate image analysis is proposed to extract color features, which are further related to mineral grades by a orthogonal least square regression model. The established relationship provides a promising empirical model to predict mineral grade, which is a significant indicator for flotation performance. Experimental results show that, when compared with traditional methods, the proposed algorithm can achieve a robust color measurement and predict mineral concentration effectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 316–322, 2009
Intra mode selection in downsizing video transcoder based on H.264
Authors: Liu Zhao‐Guang , Wang Yu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn intra mode selection scheme is proposed in this work, which supports both downsizing transcoding and re‐quantization transcoding simultaneously. In the proposal, a total number of nonzero coefficients in precoded frame is used as criterion and a thresholding method is applied to select intra macroblock mode in re‐encoder. To calculate this threshold, which is related to re‐quantization parameter (denoted as Qr), we propose a Th_I‐Qr model which includes direct method and percentage I16MB method. In the former, an exponent model is proposed to describe relationship between the threshold and the Qr; while in the latter, the threshold Th_I is converted into percentage of macroblocks with I16MB mode in the downsized frame (denoted as per_16), and relationship between the per_16 and the Qr is also modeled as an exponent function. Then the two exponent models are all converted into linear regression model, and least square estimation is used to estimate the parameters of the models. Furthermore, if I4MB mode is selected for one macroblock, the intra prediction modes in precoded frame are utilized to select prediction mode for every 4 × 4 block of the macroblock in downsized frame to reduce computational complexity. We compared rate distortion performance and computational complexity of the proposed method with rate‐distortion optimization method. Simulation results demonstrate that on the precondition of compression performance of the proposal being close to the results of the rate‐distortion optimization method, the proposed method can save up to 30 and 80% in total encoding time and mode decision time, respectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 340–349, 2009
Hypoxia‐inducible factors 1α and 2α exert both distinct and overlapping functions in long bone development
Authors: Shomento Stacy H. , Wan Chao , Cao Xuemei , Faugere Marie‐Claude , Bouxsein Mary L. , Clemens Thomas L. , Riddle Ryan C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe hypoxia‐inducible factors have recently been identified as critical regulators of angiogenic–osteogenic coupling. Mice overexpressing HIFα subunits in osteoblasts produce abundant VEGF and develop extremely dense, highly vascularized long bones. In this study, we investigated the individual contributions of Hif‐1α and Hif‐2α in angiogenesis and osteogenesis by individually disrupting each Hifα gene in osteoblasts using the Cre‐loxP method. Mice lacking Hif‐1α demonstrated markedly decreased trabecular bone volume, reduced bone formation rate, and altered cortical bone architecture. By contrast, mice lacking Hif‐2α had only a modest decrease in trabecular bone volume. Interestingly, long bone blood vessel development measured by angiography was decreased by a similar degree in both ΔHif‐1α and ΔHif‐2α mice suggesting a common role for these Hifα subunits in skeletal angiogenesis. In agreement with this idea, osteoblasts lacking either Hif‐1α or Hif‐2α had profound reductions in VEGF mRNA expression but only the loss of Hif‐1α impaired osteoblast proliferation. These findings indicate that expression of both Hif‐1α and Hif‐2α by osteoblasts is required for long bone development. We propose that both Hif‐1α and Hif‐2α function through cell non‐autonomous modes to promote vascularization of bone and that Hif‐1α also promotes bone formation by exerting direct actions on the osteoblast. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 196–204, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of quantum‐chemical methods for electronic properties and geometry of signaling biomolecules
Authors: Ferro Noel , Bredow Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA reasonable balance between accuracy and feasibility of quantum‐chemical methods depends on the complexity of the molecular system and the scientific goals. Six series of indole‐, naphthalene‐, phenol‐, benzoic‐, phenoxy‐, other auxin‐derivatives, and a test set of similar organic molecules have been chosen for an assessment of 13 density functional and semi‐empirical molecular orbital methods with respect to electronic and structural properties. The accuracy and precision of HOMO/LUMO calculations are determined by comparison with experimental ionization potentials and electron affinities. Further comparison was performed at atomic level by covariance analysis. The methods KMLYP, MSINDO, and PM3 are precise and accurate for the whole set of molecules. The method AM1 offers comparable accuracy with the exception of electron affinities of indole derivatives, where significant deviations from experiment were observed. Geometrical properties were best reproduced with the semi‐empirical method MSINDO. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Psychological mindedness in relation to personality and coping in a sample of young adult psychiatric patients
Authors: Nyklíček Ivan , Poot Joëla C. , van Opstal Jan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPsychological mindedness (PM) is a relevant but rarely studied construct in clinical psychology. The aim was to examine the relationships among PM, personality, and coping in young adults with psychological difficulties. Sixty‐three young women and 32 young men who were admitted for intake at a Dutch mental health institute completed relevant questionnaires. PM showed positive associations with the putatively adaptive personality characteristics of extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and a negative correlation with neuroticism. In addition, PM was associated with problem‐focused coping independently of the effect of personality characteristics. PM seems to be related to adaptive person characteristics in young adults with psychological difficulties. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the issue of causality. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–12, 2010.
Room for a new standard? response to comments by Heiby
Authors: McGrath Robert E. , Muse Mark 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHeiby's (this issue, pp. XXX–XXX) claim that psychologists' training in psychopharmacology is substandard is predicated on the assumption that existing training models offer the only acceptable approach to achieving competence. This assumption both prohibits innovation and is demonstrably false. Our comparison of training models must be judged from the perspective of a reasoned analysis of the competencies most important to prescribing, not the claims of other professions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–4, 2010.
Experimental determination of kinetic parameters of methanol biodegradation in biofilters packed with inert and organic materials
Authors: Avalos Ramirez Antonio , Deschamps Jonathan , Jones J. Peter , Heitz Michèle 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Kinetic parameters used for modelling air biofilters are commonly determined by growing microorganisms in suspended cultures. However, they are not representative of phenomena occurring in a biofilm. There is need for new methods for calculating the true kinetics of pollutant degradation in an air biofilter.RESULTS: An experimental method for calculating the kinetic parameters of a microbial consortium which degrades methanol in an air treatment biofilter was developed. The kinetic parameters were calculated by taking biomass from biofilters packed with clay spheres or compost pellets. The kinetic runs were carried out in batch bioreactors at a constant temperature of 25 °C. The results obtained show that the maximum specific growth rate of microorganisms developed in the biofilter packed with clay spheres was twice as high as that packed with compost pellets; 0.233 h−1 for clay spheres and 0.129 h−1 for compost pellets. For both biofilters, the specific methanol biodegradation increased with methanol concentration in the biofilm, whereas carbon dioxide production was not a function of this parameter.CONCLUSION: Results show that for both biofilters, the Monod model fitted to the specific growth rate and the microbial consortium did not include any inhibition over the entire range of methanol concentrations tested. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasonic pre‐treatment of biological sludge: consequences for disintegration, anaerobic biodegradability, and filterability
Authors: Erden G. , Filibeli A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Disintegration was developed as a pretreatment process for sludge to accelerate the digestion processes. Ultrasonic treatment may be a good alternative for sludge disintegration. In this study, different specific energy inputs ranged between 0 and 15 880 kJ kg−1 and very low ultrasonic densities ranged between 0.04 and 0.1 W mL−1 were applied to biological sludge for disintegration purposes. The potential for improving anaerobic digestion through ultrasonic pre‐treatment and the effect of ultrasonic pre‐treatment on the filterability characteristics of sludge were also investigated.RESULTS: 9690 kJ kg−1 TS of supplied energy and very low power density of 0.09 Wm L−1 are efficient for floc disintegration. For 9690 kJ kg−1 TS, 44% higher methane production was achieved than with raw sludge as a result of biochemical methane potential assay. The supernatant characteristics of the sludge were also affected by the ultrasonic pre‐treatment. For 9690 kJ kg−1 TS, the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the sludge supernatant increased by 340%, 860%, 716%, and 207.5%, respectively.CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic pre‐treatment is an effective method for biological sludge disintegration even at very low ultrasonic density levels. It leads to increased anaerobic biodegradability but deteriorates the filterability characteristics of biological sludge. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Facile synthesis of 10‐tert‐butyl[1]benzoxepino[3,4‐b][1,3] dioxolo[4,5‐g]quinolin‐12(6H)‐ones
Authors: Li Yang , Zhang Chaohua , Sun Mingchun , Gao Wentao 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image In this study a facile synthesis of novel 10‐tert‐butyl[1]benzoxepino[3,4‐b][1,3]dioxolo[4, 5‐g]quinolin‐12(6H)‐ones is described, featuring the one‐pot synthesis of 6‐[(tert‐butylphenoxy)methyl][1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐g]quinoline‐7‐carboxylic acids from ethyl 6‐(bromomethyl)[1,3]dioxolo[4,5‐g]quinoline‐7‐carboxylate and their intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts acylation reaction by the use of Eaton's reagent (P2O5–CH3 SO3H) under mild conditions. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
Efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline and pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinoline derivatives in aqueous media
Authors: Kianmehr Ebrahim , Estiri Hamid , Bahreman Azadeh 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image A one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines and pyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolines in good to excellent yields has been reported, using quinoline or isoquinoline, phenacylbromide derivatives and activated alkynes in aqueous medium. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).
An efficient procedure for the synthesis of substituted pyridines using KF·Al2O3
Authors: Das Biswanath , Ravikanth Bommena , Kumar Avula Satya , Kanth Boddu Shashi 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
magnified image Three‐component coupling of aldehydes, malononitrile, and thiophenols has efficiently been carried out at room temperature using potassium fluoride on alumina (KF·Al2O3) as a catalyst to furnish highly substituted pyridines in high yields. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).