bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Western Australia's Mental Health Court Liaison Service
Authors: Brett Adam 
Published: December 2009

Objective: This article describes the Western Australian mental health court liaison service. It examines the outcomes that can be measured to assess mental health court liaison services and considers Western Australia's service against criteria described in the literature. Method: The Western Australian mental health court liaison service was reviewed against defined criteria. Results: Published criteria to measure effectiveness of mental health court liaison are helpful. Western Australia's service was developed to be as effective as it could be within the parameters in which it operates. Conclusions: It is important to review the efficacy of a service against criteria over which it has control. Outcomes that have specific utility for court liaison are discussed.
FVC, FEV<sub>1</sub> and FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC%, In Postmenopausal Women and Their Relationship with Serum Progesterone and Estrogen Level
Authors: Polly Zinat Ara , Begum Shelina , Ferdousi Sultana , Begum Noorzahan , Ali Taskina , Begum Afroza 
Published: December 2009

Background: Exacerbation of asthma associated with worsening of lung function has been reported in women after menopause. The relationship between lung function and female sex hormones has been documented in postmenopausal women. Objective: To observe FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC%, serum estrogen and progesterone levels in apparently healthy postmenopausal women to find out their interrelationships. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, from 1st January 17to 31st December 2007 in BSMMU, Dhaka. 30 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 60 years and 30 premenopausal women aged 20 to 30 years during different phases of menstrual cycle were studied. FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC%, were measured by RMS computer based Spirometer. Estrogen and progesterone levels were estimated by Micro particle Enzyme Immunoassay (MEIA) method. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient test, one way ANOVA and unpaired‘t' test. Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of FVC and FEV1 were significantly (p<.001) lower in postmenopausal women compared to those of follicular and luteal phases of premenopausal women. Mean serum estrogen and progesterone levels were significantly lower in postmenopausal women compared to any phases of menstrual cycle of premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, FVC, FEV1 showed positive correlation with progesterone but negative with estrogen level.FEV1/ FVC% Showed negative correlation with both serum estrogen and progesterone level. All these correlations were statistically non significant. In premenopausal women FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% showed positive correlation and FVC showed negative correlation with serum estrogen level in follicular phase and FVC, FEV1 showed positive and FEV1/FVC% showed negative correlation with serum estrogen level in luteal phase. Again FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC% showed positive correlation with serum progesterone level in follicular and luteal phases of menustrual cycle. Conclusion: The out come of this study shows FVC, FEV1 may be reduced in postmenopausal women which in turn may be associated with low progesterone and estrogen levels. Key words: Menopause, Lung function, Estrogen, Progesterone. DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i1.4063 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 June; 4(1): 7-13
Extent of Mesoappendix of Vermiform Appendix in Bangladeshi People
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Khalil Mohsin , Khalil Mansur , Sultana Seheli Zannat , Mannan Sabina , Nessa Akhtarun , Ahamed M Shibbir , Parvin Bilkis , Islam Md Tarequl , Siddiquee Fayela Saorun 
Published: December 2009

Background: The mesentery of the appendix extends almost to the appendicular tip along the whole tube or may not be to the tip. The mesoappendix has a free border which carries the blood supply to the organ. Failure of the mesoappendix to reach the tip probably reduces the vascularization of the tip of the organ making it more liable to become gangrenous and hence early perforation occurs during inflammation. Objective: This cross sectional study was carried out to advance our knowledge regarding the extent of mesoappendix in Bangladeshi people and also to find out the variations in the anatomical positions of the vermiform appendix in Bangladeshi population and their distribution according to the sex. Methods: A total of 100 (60 male and 40 female) specimens of vermiform appendix were collected of different age and sex during postmortem examination in the morgue of Mymensingh Medical College from July 2006 to June 2007. Data was collected by convenient sampling technique. Results: In this study pelvic position of the vermiform appendix were common in both sexes. The two thirds extension of mesoappendix was found in 45% cases where as in pelvic position it was 26 (14 male and 12 female) cases. Half and whole extension of mesoappendix were found in 31% and 24% cases respectively. Among half extension of mesoappendix, retrocaecal position were found to be more (12) than other positions. In whole extension of vermiform appendix pelvic position were found to be common (16) than others. Conclusion: This study provides certain basic information of extent of mesoappendix of vermiform appendix of Bangladeshi population which is responsible for vascularization of the organ and severity during inflammation. Key words: Vermiform appendix, Mesoappendix DOI: 10.3329/jbsp.v4i1.4065 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2009 June; 4(1): 20-23
Phylogenetic and Functional Analysis Identifies Ets-1 as a Novel Regulator of the Th2 Cytokine Gene Locus
Authors: Strempel Jannine M. , Grenningloh Roland , Ho I-Cheng , Vercelli Donata 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The Th2 cytokine gene locus has emerged as a remarkable example of coordinated gene expression, the regulation of which seems to be rooted in an extensive array of cis-regulatory regions. Using a hypothesis-generating computational approach that integrated multispecies (n = 11) sequence comparisons with algorithm-based transcription factor binding-site predictions, we sought to identify evolutionarily conserved noncoding regions (ECRs) and motifs shared among them, which may underlie coregulation. Twenty-two transcription factor families were predicted to have binding sites in at least two Th2 ECRs. The ranking of these shared motifs according to their distribution and relative frequency pointed to a regulatory hierarchy among the transcription factor families. GATA sites were the most prevalent and widely distributed, consistent with the known role of GATA3 as a Th2 master switch. Unexpectedly, sites for ETS-domain proteins were also predicted within several Th2 ECRs and the majority of these sites were found to support Ets-1 binding in vitro and in vivo. Of note, the expression of all three Th2 cytokines (IL-5, -13, and -4) was significantly and selectively decreased in Th2 cells generated from Ets-1–deficient mice. Collectively, these data suggest that Ets-1 contributes to Th2 cytokine gene regulation by interacting with multiple cis-regulatory regions throughout the Th2 locus.
TLR4-Mediated Podosome Loss Discriminates Gram-Negative from Gram-Positive Bacteria in Their Capacity to Induce Dendritic Cell Migration and Maturation
Authors: van Helden Suzanne F. G. , van den Dries Koen , Oud Machteld M. , Raymakers Reinier A. P. , Netea Mihai G. , van Leeuwen Frank N. , Figdor Carl G. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Chronic infections are caused by microorganisms that display effective immune evasion mechanisms. Dendritic cell (DC)-dependent T cell-mediated adaptive immunity is one of the mechanisms that have evolved to prevent the occurrence of chronic bacterial infections. In turn, bacterial pathogens have developed strategies to evade immune recognition. In this study, we show that Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria differ in their ability to activate DCs and that Gram-negative bacteria are far more effective inducers of DC maturation. Moreover, we observed that only Gram-negative bacteria can induce loss of adhesive podosome structures in DCs, a response necessary for the induction of effective DC migration. We demonstrate that the ability of Gram-negative bacteria to trigger podosome turnover and induce DC migration reflects their capacity to selectively activate TLR4. Examining mice defective in TLR4 signaling, we show that this DC maturation and migration are mainly Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFNβ-dependent. Furthermore, we show that these processes depend on the production of PGs by these DCs, suggesting a direct link between TLR4-mediated signaling and arachidonic metabolism. These findings demonstrate that Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria profoundly differ in their capacity to activate DCs. We propose that this inability of Gram-positive bacteria to induce DC maturation and migration is part of the armamentarium necessary for avoiding the induction of an effective cellular immune response and may explain the frequent involvement of these pathogens in chronic infections.
Loss of CD34 Leads To Exacerbated Autoimmune Arthritis through Increased Vascular Permeability
Authors: Blanchet Marie-Renée , Gold Matthew , Maltby Steven , Bennett Jami , Petri Björn , Kubes Paul , Lee David M. , McNagny Kelly M. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
CD34 is a cell surface sialomucin expressed by hematopoietic precursors, eosinophils, mast cells, and vascular endothelia and is suggested to play an integral role in mucosal inflammatory responses. Although Cd34−/− mice have normal hematopoietic cell subsets in peripheral tissues at steady state, they exhibit a cell recruitment defect when challenged, offering a unique opportunity to distinguish between local inflammatory cell proliferation and peripheral recruitment in disease. Autoimmune arthritis is an inflammatory disease dependent on hematopoietic infiltration, and in this study, we have examined the role of CD34 in disease development and progression. Using an autoimmune serum transfer model, arthritis was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type and Cd34−/− mice. Surprisingly, we found that Cd34−/− mice were more susceptible to arthritis than wild-type mice. We examined mast cell-transplanted, eosinophil-deficient, and bone marrow-chimeric mice to determine the role of CD34 expression on disease progression. These experiments excluded CD34-deficient mast cells, eosinophils, or hematopoietic cells as the cause of the exacerbated disease. Further study demonstrated that Cd34−/− mice exhibit increased vascular leakage at onset of disease and in response to TNF, which correlated with a subsequent increase in disease severity. We conclude that loss of CD34 expression leads to increased vascular permeability in the joints at onset of disease, leading to exacerbated arthritic disease in Cd34−/− mice.
T Cells Are Required for the Production of Blister-Inducing Autoantibodies in Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
Authors: Sitaru Ana Gabriela , Sesarman Alina , Mihai Sidonia , Chiriac Mircea T. , Zillikens Detlef , Hultman Per , Solbach Werner , Sitaru Cassian 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is a prototypical organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against type VII collagen of the dermal-epidermal junction. Although mechanisms of autoantibody-induced blister formation were extensively characterized, the initiation of autoantibody production in autoimmune blistering diseases is still poorly defined. In the current study, we addressed the role of T cells for the production of blister-inducing autoantibodies in mice immunized with type VII collagen. To detect autoreactive type VII collagen-specific T cells, lymph node cells from immunized SJL mice were stimulated in vitro with recombinant Ag, and their proliferation was measured by radioactive thymidine incorporation and flow cytometry analysis of CFSE-labeled cells. Interestingly, using synthetic peptides of the immunogen, partly different T and B cell epitopes in mice immunized with type VII collagen were demonstrated. In contrast to wild-type mice, immunization with type VII collagen of SJL athymic nude mice lacking T cells did not induce an autoimmune response and blistering phenotype. Importantly, SJL nude mice repleted with T cells from immunized wild-type mice showed a robust and durable autoantibody production resulting in subepidermal blistering disease in the recipients. Our present results demonstrate that T cells are required for the initiation of autoimmunity against type VII collagen in experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and provide a basis for developing T cell-directed immunomodulatory strategies for this and related autoimmune diseases.
Defective Ribosomal Products Are the Major Source of Antigenic Peptides Endogenously Generated from Influenza A Virus Neuraminidase
Authors: Dolan Brian P. , Li Lily , Takeda Kazuyo , Bennink Jack R. , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The defective ribosomal product (DRiP) hypothesis of endogenous Ag processing posits that rapidly degraded forms of nascent proteins are a major source of peptide ligands for MHC class I molecules. Although there is broad experimental support for the DRiP hypothesis, careful kinetic analysis of the generation of defined peptide class I complexes has been limited to studies of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing genes derived from other organisms. In this study, we show that insertion of the SIINFEKL peptide into the stalk of influenza A virus neuraminidase (NA) does not detectably modify NA folding, degradation, transport, or sp. act. when expressed in its natural context of influenza A virus infection. Using the 25-D1.16 mAb specific for Kb-SIINFEKL to precisely quantitate cell surface complexes by flow cytometry, we demonstrate that SIINFEKL is generated in complete lockstep with initiation and abrogation of NA biosynthesis in both L-Kb fibroblast cells and DC2.4 dendritic/monocyte cells. SIINFEKL presentation requires active proteasomes and TAP, consistent with its generation from a cytosolic DRiP pool. From the difference in the shutoff kinetics of Kb-SIINFEKL complex expression following protein synthesis versus proteasome inhibition, we estimate that the t1/2 of the biosynthetic source of NA peptide is ∼5 min. These observations extend the relevance of the DRiP hypothesis to viral proteins generated in their natural context.
Progenitor Cell Origin Plays a Role in Fate Choices of Mature B Cells
Authors: Fossati Valentina , Kumar Ritu , Snoeck Hans-Willem 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
B cells, the Ab-producing cells of the immune system, develop from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through well-defined stages during which Ig genes are rearranged to generate a clonal BCR. Signaling through the BCR plays a role in the subsequent cell fate decisions leading to the generation of three distinct types of B cells: B1, marginal zone, and follicular B cells. Common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) are descended from HSCs, and although recent observations suggest that CLPs may not be physiological T cell precursors, it is generally accepted that CLPs are obligate progenitors for B cells. In addition, a CLP-like progenitor of unknown significance that lacks expression of c-kit (kit−CLP) was recently identified in the mouse model. In this study, we show that CLPs, kit−CLPs and a population within the lin−Sca1+kit+flt3− HSC compartment generate mature B cell types in different proportions: CLPs and kit−CLPs show a stronger marginal zone /follicular ratio than lin−Sca1+kit+flt3− cells, whereas kit−CLPs show a stronger B1 bias than any other progenitor population. Furthermore, expression of Sca1 on B cells depends on their progenitor origin as B cells derived from CLPs and kit−CLPs express more Sca1 than those derived from lin−Sca1+kit+flt3− cells. These observations indicate a role for progenitor origin in B cell fate choices and suggest the existence of CLP-independent B cell development.
Development of Promyelocytic Zinc Finger and ThPOK-Expressing Innate γδ T Cells Is Controlled by Strength of TCR Signaling and Id3
Authors: Alonzo Eric S. , Gottschalk Rachel A. , Das Joy , Egawa Takeshi , Hobbs Robin M. , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Pereira Pablo , Nichols Kim E. , Koretzky Gary A. , Jordan Martha S. , Sant’Angelo Derek B. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract
The broad-complex tramtrack and bric a brac-zinc finger transcriptional regulator(BTB-ZF), promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), was recently shown to control the development of the characteristic innate T cell phenotype and effector functions of NK T cells. Interestingly, the ectopic expression of PLZF was shown to push conventional T cells into an activated state that seems to be proinflammatory. The factors that control the normal expression of PLZF in lymphocytes are unknown. In this study, we show that PLZF expression is not restricted to NK T cells but is also expressed by a subset of γδ T cells, functionally defining distinct subsets of this innate T cell population. A second BTB-ZF gene, ThPOK, is important for the phenotype of the PLZF-expressing γδ T cells. Most importantly, TCR signal strength and expression of inhibitor of differentiation gene 3 control the frequency of PLZF-expressing γδ T cells. This study defines the factors that control the propensity of the immune system to produce potentially disease-causing T cell subsets.
Roles of Sema4D–Plexin-B1 Interactions in the Central Nervous System for Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Okuno Tatsusada , Nakatsuji Yuji , Moriya Masayuki , Takamatsu Hyota , Nojima Satoshi , Takegahara Noriko , Toyofuku Toshihiko , Nakagawa Yukinobu , Kang Sujin , Friedel Roland H. , Sakoda Saburo , Kikutani Hitoshi , Kumanogoh Atsushi 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlthough semaphorins were originally identified as axonal guidance molecules during neuronal development, it is emerging that several semaphorins play crucial roles in various phases of immune responses. Sema4D/CD100, a class IV semaphorin, has been shown to be involved in the nervous and immune systems through its receptors plexin-B1 and CD72, respectively. However, the involvement of Sema4D in neuroinflammation still remains unclear. We found that Sema4D promoted inducible NO synthase expression by primary mouse microglia, the effects of which were abolished in plexin-B1–deficient but not in CD72-deficient microglia. In addition, during the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-derived peptides, we observed that the expression of Sema4D and plexin-B1 was induced in infiltrating mononuclear cells and microglia, respectively. Consistent with these expression profiles, when myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific T cells derived from wild-type mice were adoptively transferred into plexin-B1–deficient mice or bone marrow chimera mice with plexin-B1–deficient CNS resident cells, the development of EAE was considerably attenuated. Furthermore, blocking Abs against Sema4D significantly inhibited neuroinflammation during EAE development. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the role of Sema4D–plexin-B1 interactions in the activation of microglia and provide their pathologic significance in neuroinflammation.
Self-Maps of Low Rank Lie Groups at Odd Primes
Authors: Grbić Jelena , Theriault Stephen 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLet G be a simple, compact, simply-connected Lie group localized at an odd prime p. We study the group of homotopy classes of self-maps [G, G] when the rank of G is low and in certain cases describe the set of homotopy classes ofmultiplicative self-maps H[G, G]. The low rank condition gives G certain structural properties which make calculations accessible. Several examples and applications are given.
Approximation and Similarity Classification of Stably Finitely Strongly Irreducible Decomposable Operators
Authors: Hua He , Yunbai Dong , Xianzhou Guo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLet 𝓗 be a complex separable Hilbert space and ℒ(𝓗) denote the collection of bounded linear operators on 𝓗. In this paper, we show that for any operator A ∈ ℒ(𝓗), there exists a stably finitely (SI) decomposable operator A∈, such that ‖A−A∈‖ 𝓗 ∈ andA′(A∈)/ rad A′(A∈) is commutative, where rad A′(A∈) is the Jacobson radical of A′(A∈). Moreover, we give a similarity classification of the stably finitely decomposable operators that generalizes the result on similarity classification of Cowen–Douglas operators given by C. L. Jiang.
Translation Groupoids and Orbifold Cohomology
Authors: Pronk Dorette , Scull Laura 
Published: December 2009

AbstractWe show that the bicategory of (representable) orbifolds and good maps is equivalent to the bicategory of orbifold translation groupoids and generalized equivariant maps, giving a mechanism for transferring results from equivariant homotopy theory to the orbifold category. As an application, we use this result to define orbifold versions of a couple of equivariant cohomology theories: K-theory and Bredon cohomology for certain coefficient diagrams.
Reducibility in Aℝ(K), Cℝ(K), and A(K)
Authors: Rupp R. , Sasane A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLet K denote a compact real symmetric subset of ℂ and let Aℝ(K) denote the real Banach algebra of all real symmetric continuous functions on K that are analytic in the interior K◦ of K, endowed with the supremum norm. We characterize all unimodular pairs ( f , g) in Aℝ(K)2 which are reducible. In addition, for an arbitrary compact K in ℂ, we give a new proof (not relying on Banach algebra theory or elementary stable rank techniques) of the fact that the Bass stable rank of A(K) is 1. Finally, we also characterize all compact real symmetric sets K such that Aℝ(K), respectively Cℝ(K), has Bass stable rank 1.
A PD‐1highCD4+ T Cell Population With a Cytotoxic Phenotype is Associated With Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Elahee Mehreen , Mueller Alisa A. , Wang Runci , Marks Kathryne E. , Sasaki Takanori , Cao Ye , Fava Andrea , Dellaripa Paul F. , Boin Francesco , Rao Deepak A. 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveT cells contribute to tissue injury in systemic sclerosis (SSc), yet the specific T cell subsets expanded in patients with SSc remain incompletely defined. Here we evaluated specific phenotypes and functions of peripheral helper T (Tph) and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, which have been implicated in autoantibody production, and assessed their associations with clinical features in a well‐characterized cohort of patients with SSc.MethodsMass cytometry of T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with SSc and controls were evaluated using t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding visualization, biaxial gating, and marker expression levels. Findings were validated with flow cytometry and in vitro assays.ResultsThe frequencies of PD‐1highCXCR5+ Tfh cells and PD‐1highCXCR5− Tph cells were similar in patients with SSc and controls. t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding visualization (tSNE) revealed distinct populations within the PD‐1highCXCR5− cells distinguished by expression of HLA–DR and inducible costimulator (ICOS). Among PD‐1highCXCR5− cells, only the HLA–DR+ICOS− cell population was expanded in patients with SSc. Cytometric and RNA sequencing analyses indicated that these cells expressed cytotoxic rather than B cell helper features. HLA–DR+ICOS− PD‐1highCXCR5− cells were less potent in inducing B cell plasmablast differentiation and antibody production than comparator T helper cell populations. HLA–DR+ICOS−PD‐1highCXCR5− cells were significantly associated with the presence and severity of interstitial lung disease among patients with SSc.ConclusionAmong PD‐1highCXCR5− T cells, a subset of HLA–DR+ICOS− cells with cytotoxic features is specifically expanded in patients with SSc and is significantly associated with interstitial lung disease severity. This potential cytotoxicity appearing in the CD4 T cell population can be evaluated as a prognostic disease biomarker in patients with SSc.