bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elinogrel, an orally and intravenously available ADP-receptor antagonist
Authors: Müller K. A. L. , Geisler T. , Gawaz M. 
Published: July 2012

SummaryThe antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and the ADP-receptor blocker clopidogrel is currently the standard medication after coronary intervention or after acute coronary syndrome to prevent recurrent ischemic events and reduce mortality. However, high interindividual response variability to antiplatelet treatment is described in up to 44% of treated patients. A poor response to clopidogrel is caused by multifactorial mechanisms. Individual risk assessment including platelet function testing (PFT) can help to identify high risk patients, although recent randomized trials to investigate effects of PFT-guided therapy have failed to detect an impact on prognostic outcome. Poor response to standard antiplatelet agents can be overcome by switching to alternate substances. Elinogrel is a novel competitive, reversible ADP-receptor antagonist available in oral and intravenous formulation. Additional treatment with elinogrel showed advantages over clopidogrel, including more rapid, less variable, and more complete inhibition of platelet function without significantly increased bleeding complications. This review gives an overview over the investigational drug elinogrel for use in a personalized antiplatelet approach.
Que reste-t-il de la théorie du chômage de Keynes?
Authors: Erhel Christine , Zajdela Hélène 
Published: July 2012

La théorie du chômage élaborée par Keynes a perdu de sa substance, au cours du développement d’une macroéconomie qui s’est autoqualifiée de keynésienne. Ce processus a abouti dans un premier temps à séparer le chômage involontaire du chômage keynésien, puis à réintroduire le chômage volontaire. À partir des préconisations des rapports officiels de l’OCDE, nous montrons l’émergence d’un consensus. L’analyse de l’évolution des théories « keynésiennes » du chômage de IS-LM jusqu’à WS-PS conduit au constat d’un renouveau du concept de taux de chômage naturel. Plus récemment, l’accent sur les risques de désincitation à l’activité marque la réapparition du second postulat de l’économie classique.
Les modèles non unitaires de comportement du ménage : un survol de la littérature
Authors: Chiappori Pierre-André , Donni Olivier 
Published: July 2012

Cet article s’intéresse aux modèles non unitaires de comportement du ménage. Ces modèles supposent explicitement que le ménage est composé de plusieurs personnes ayant des préférences distinctes. Ils se classent alors en deux catégories principales : d’une part, les modèles coopératifs (ou collectifs), dans lesquels les allocations sont supposées efficaces au sens de Pareto, et d’autre part, les modèles non coopératifs (ou stratégiques) qui s’appuient sur la notion d’équilibre de Cournot-Nash. Dans ces modèles, les fonctions qui caractérisent le comportement du ménage doivent satisfaire des contraintes différentes des traditionnelles conditions de Slutsky. De plus, dans certains cas particuliers, les préférences des membres du ménage peuvent être identifiées à partir du comportement observable.
Light‐Controlled Reversible Manipulation of Microgel Particle Size Using Azobenzene‐Containing Surfactant
Authors: Zakrevskyy Yuriy , Richter Marcel , Zakrevska Svitlana , Lomadze Nino , von Klitzing Regine , Santer Svetlana 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe light‐induced reversible switching of the swelling of microgel particles triggered by photo‐isomerization and binding/unbinding of a photosensitive azobenzene‐containing surfactant is reported. The interactions between the microgel (N‐isopropylacrylamide, co‐monomer: allyl acetic acid, crosslinker: N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide) and the surfactant are studied by UV‐Vis spectroscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering measurements. Addition of the surfactant above a critical concentration leads to contraction/collapse of the microgel. UV light irradiation results in trans‐cis isomerization of the azobenzene unit incorporated into the surfactant tail and causes an unbinding of the more hydrophilic cis isomer from the microgel and its reversible swelling. The reversible contraction can be realized by blue light irradiation that transfers the surfactant back to the more hydrophobic trans conformation, in which it binds to the microgel. The phase diagram of the surfactant‐microgel interaction and transitions (aggregation, contraction, and precipitation) is constructed and allows prediction of changes in the system when the concentration of one or both components is varied. Remote and reversible switching between different states can be realized by either UV or visible light irradiation.
Bias‐Stress‐Induced Charge Trapping at Polymer Chain Ends of Polymer Gate‐Dielectrics in Organic Transistors
Authors: Choi Hyun Ho , Lee Wi Hyoung , Cho Kilwon 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHerein is demonstrated that the polymer chain ends of polymer gate‐ dielectrics (PGDs) in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) can trap charges; the bias‐stress stability is reduced without changes in the mobilities of the transistor devices as well as the morphologies of the organic semiconductors. The bias‐stress stabilities of OFETs using PGD with various molecular weights (MWs) are investigated. Under bias stress in ambient air, the drain current decay and the threshold voltage shift are found to increase as the MW of the PGD decreases (MW effect). This MW effect is caused by the variation in the density of polymer chain ends in the PGDs with MW: the free volumes at the polymer chain ends act as charge‐trap sites, resulting in drain current decay during bias stress. The free volumes at polymer chain ends are sufficiently large to allow the residence of water molecules, the presence of which significantly increases the density of charge‐trap sites. In contrast, polymer chain ends without trapped water molecules do not allow charge trapping and so bias‐stress stability is independent of the MW of the PGD. It is also found that the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the chain ends of the PGD can affect bias‐stress stability; carboxyl‐terminated polystyrene exhibits a much higher trap density and lower bias‐stress stability than hydrogen‐terminated polystyrene when these devices are exposed to humid nitrogen.
Clinical significance of genetic aberrations in secondary acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Milosevic Jelena D. , Puda Ana , Malcovati Luca , Berg Tiina , Hofbauer Michael , Stukalov Alexey , Klampfl Thorsten , Harutyunyan Ashot S. , Gisslinger Heinz , Gisslinger Bettina , Burjanivova Tatiana , Rumi Elisa , Pietra Daniela , Elena Chiara , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Doubek Michael , Dvorakova Dana , Robesova Blanka , Wieser Rotraud , Koller Elisabeth , Suvajdzic Nada , Tomin Dragica , Tosic Natasa , Colinge Jacques , Racil Zdenek , Steurer Michael , Pavlovic Sonja , Cazzola Mario , Kralovics Robert 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe study aimed to identify genetic lesions associated with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) in comparison with AML arising de novo (dnAML) and assess their impact on patients' overall survival (OS). High‐resolution genotyping and loss of heterozygosity mapping was performed on DNA samples from 86 sAML and 117 dnAML patients, using Affymetrix Genome‐Wide Human SNP 6.0 arrays. Genes TP53, RUNX1, CBL, IDH1/2, NRAS, NPM1, and FLT3 were analyzed for mutations in all patients. We identified 36 recurrent cytogenetic aberrations (more than five events). Mutations in TP53, 9pUPD, and del7q (targeting CUX1 locus) were significantly associated with sAML, while NPM1 and FLT3 mutations associated with dnAML. Patients with sAML carrying TP53 mutations demonstrated lower 1‐year OS rate than those with wild‐type TP53 (14.3% ± 9.4% vs. 35.4% ± 7.2%; P = 0.002), while complex karyotype, del7q (CUX1) and del7p (IKZF1) showed no significant effect on OS. Multivariate analysis confirmed that mutant TP53 was the only independent adverse prognostic factor for OS in sAML (hazard ratio 2.67; 95% CI: 1.33–5.37; P = 0.006). Patients with dnAML and complex karyotype carried sAML‐associated defects (TP53 defects in 54.5%, deletions targeting FOXP1 and ETV6 loci in 45.4% of the cases). We identified several co‐occurring lesions associated with either sAML or dnAML diagnosis. Our data suggest that distinct genetic lesions drive leukemogenesis in sAML. High karyotype complexity of sAML patients does not influence OS. Somatic mutations in TP53 are the only independent adverse prognostic factor in sAML. Patients with dnAML and complex karyotype show genetic features associated with sAML and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of fine crystal adhesion to growth acceleration of NaCl seed crystal—effect of number ratio of fine crystals on growth phenomena
Authors: Wada Yoshinari , Matsumoto Masakazu , Onoe Kaoru 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTWith the use of fine crystal adhesion to seed crystals, a crystallization technique that enables to increase the growth rate of seed crystals was developed. For the crystallization of sodium chloride (NaCl) in which temperature dependence of solubility for an aqueous solution is low, the seed crystal number was set among 200–2.7 × 106 kg−1, and the fine crystal number was varied in the range from 0.7×106 to 2.7×106 kg−1 by mixing the unsaturated solution into the supersaturated solution. The effects of the number ratio of fine crystals based on seed crystal number on growth phenomena of fine and seed crystals were investigated. The seed crystal surface was observed using a microscope technique. When the number ratio of fine crystals was varied among 1.0–2.1 × 104, the growth rate of seed crystals showed an increasing tendency with an increase in the number ratio of fine crystals. Furthermore, the number of seed crystals was up to 2.7 × 106 kg−1: the surface smoothness of seed crystal was increased with decreasing the number ratio of fine crystals. The rate constant of seed crystal growth showed an increasing relation against the logarithmic value of the number ratio of fine with seed crystals. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of palladium and platinum from aqueous solutions by chitosan and activated carbon coated with chitosan
Authors: Sharififard Hakimeh , Zokaee Ashtiani Farzin , Soleimani Mansooreh 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work, the potential of chitosan and activated carbon coated with chitosan for palladium and platinum adsorption from aqueous solutions was investigated. The observed results showed that the optimum operating conditions for palladium and platinum adsorption on chitosan were initial pH 2, particle size of adsorbent = 0.21 mm and adsorbent dose = 10 g/L. Equilibrium studies showed that palladium and platinum adsorption on chitosan was of spontaneous and exothermic nature. Equilibrium results fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin‐Radushkevich models for two adsorbents. The maximum adsorption capacities for palladium and platinum adsorption were 62.50 and 66.66 mg/g of chitosan and 43.48 and 52.63 mg/g of activated carbon coated with chitosan, respectively. Kinetic data were found to confirm pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of Hg2+ on the bioluminescence of Photobacterium leiognathi
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Jingxue , Lin Hong 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTPhotobacteria were used as test objects for rapid monitoring of ecotoxicants. Specific inhibitory effects of Hg2+ on bioluminescence and cell growth as well as the lux gene expression of Photobacterium leiognathi were studied. The 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay was used to evaluate cellular proliferation and mortality. The luminescent inhibition effect on P. leiognathi cells was found to increase as cellular mortality increased; y = 0.744x ‐ 4.8916, R² = 0.9794. However, this trend was not observed in cell growth processes. Quantitation of lux mRNAs by semi‐quantitative RT‐qPCR indicated that increases and decreases in luciferase mRNA integral level coincided with changes in luminescence intensity (R2 = 0.93). Addition of Hg2+ changed luminescence but without concomitant changes in extractable luciferase activity. Nevertheless, the presence of Hg2+ changed lux gene expression. This phenomenon requires further research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of estradiol valerate in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Xie Liangxiao , Liu Hongshuang , Xu Shichao , Hu Bingcheng , Cao Wei 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTA novel method for the detection of trace estradiol valerate (EV) in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum was developed by inhibition of luminol chemiluminescence (CL) by estradiol valerate on the zinc deuteroporphyrin (ZnDP)‐enhanced luminol‐K3Fe(CN)6 chemiluminescence system. Under optimized experimental conditions, CL intensity and concentration of estradiol valerate had a good linear relationship in the ranges of 8.0 × 10‐8 to 1.0 × 10‐5 g/mL. Detection limit (3σ) was estimated to be 3.5 × 10‐8 g/mL. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of estradiol valerate in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum and recoveries were 97.0‐105.0% and 95.5‐106.0%, respectively. The possible mechanism of the CL system is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Quest for New Mild and Selective Modifications of Natural Structures: Laccase‐Catalysed Oxidation of Ergot Alkaloids Leads to Unexpected Stereoselective C‐4 Hydroxylation
Authors: Chirivì Cosimo , Fontana Gabriele , Monti Daniela , Ottolina Gianluca , Riva Sergio , Danieli Bruno 
Published: July 2012

AbstractLaccase‐catalysed oxidation of ergot alkaloids in the absence of chemical mediators allowed the unexpected isolation of the mono‐hydroxylated derivatives of compounds 2–7. Structure determination by NMR techniques clearly indicated that hydroxylation took place at the C‐4 benzylic position. Quite notably, the proposed protocol allowed, for the first time, functionalisation at the C‐4 position of the ergoline skeleton. Depending on the absence or on the presence of a C‐10 α‐methoxy substituent, hydroxylation was either stereoselective (furnishing C‐4α OH derivatives) or gave rise to a C‐4α/C‐4β OH mixture in a 2:1 ratio, respectively.
HDKV: supporting efficient high‐dimensional similarity search in key‐value stores
Authors: Zhou Wei , Han Jizhong , Zhang Zhang , Dai Jiao , Xu Zhiyong 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYKey‐value stores are widely used on large‐scale data management in the cloud environment. However, they can only naturally support key‐based queries, and do not have efficient solutions for value‐based queries. Thus, dealing with high‐dimensional data in key‐value stores is still a big challenge. State‐of‐the‐art solutions apply value‐based tree‐structure indexes to solve this issue. These methods suffer from the curse of dimensionality and cannot achieve satisfactory performance. They also bring serious load unbalancing problem among servers, and result in dramatic system scalability degradation.Meanwhile, similarity search in high‐dimensional data space becomes more and more popular in today's cloud applications. Due to the lack of efficient algorithms for value‐based queries, users have to wait for a long time before the results are returned. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach called high‐dimensional similarity query in key‐value stores (HDKV), which can generate similarity results in a short time and maintain good database scalability. In HDKV, a strict order‐preserving hash function is designed to map nearby objects in the high‐dimensional space onto adjacent keys of a continuous linear space in key‐value stores. With this strategy, many expensive random accesses are replaced with more efficient scan accesses. The experimental evaluation on real world data set shows that compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods, HDKV can dramatically reduce the search time with little impact on the accuracy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boosting the 3D thermal‐aware floorplanning problem through a master‐worker parallel MOEA
Authors: Arnaldo Ignacio , Cuesta‐Infante Alfredo , Manuel Colmenar J. , Risco‐Martín José L. , Ayala José L. 
Published: July 2012

SUMMARYThe increasing transistor scale integration poses, among others, the thermal‐aware floorplanning problem consisting of how to place the hardware components in order to reduce overheating by dissipation. Because of the huge amount of feasible floorplans, most of the solutions found in the literature include an evolutionary algorithm for, either partially or completely, carrying out the task of floorplanning. Evolutionary algorithms usually have a bottleneck in the fitness evaluation. In the problem of thermal‐aware floorplanning, the layout evaluation by the thermal model takes 99.5% of the computational time for the best floorplanning algorithm proposed so far. The contribution of this paper is to present a parallelization of this evaluation phase in a master‐worker model to achieve a dramatic speed‐up of the thermal‐aware floorplanning process. Exhaustive experimentation was carried out over 3D integrated circuits, with 48 and 128 cores, outperforming previous published works. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorene‐Containing Organic Photosensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Chun‐Guey , Chung Ming‐Fong , Tsai Hui‐Hsu Gavin , Tan Chun‐Jui , Chen Su‐Chien , Chang Chiao‐Hsin , Shih Ting‐Wen 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSeven new donor–spacer–acceptor metal‐free organic dyes containing a fluorene and/or thiophene unit as a conjugated spacer are prepared and their physicochemical properties as well as photovoltaic performance are studied. The electron transfer from donor to acceptor upon excitation of these dyes is sensitive to the conjugated spacers. If a stronger donor moiety such as (ethylenedioxy)thiophene is used as a spacer, such as in F‐E1 dye, the dye molecule has a better charge separation and therefore high efficiency. Furthermore, for the same donor and acceptor, fluorene is a better conjugated spacer than the bithiophene moiety because of its nonplanar conformation, which avoids the electron–hole recombination of dye upon photoexcitation. Short molecules with planar conformation aggregate easily, and the corresponding device reveals low open‐circuit voltage Voc. On the other hand, dye molecules with long alkyl side chains (large size) adsorb less on the TiO2 electrode, which results in a smaller short‐circuit current density Jsc. The difference in the efficiency of these dyes is small except for F‐1 (owing to its short conjugation length), and electron density difference map analyses reveal that photoexcitation transfer of electron density from the donating moieties toward the acceptor/anchoring units occurs for all molecules. The small difference in the efficiency is attributed partly to the degree of effective charge transfer upon excitation, not totally to the absorption profile of the dye molecules. Furthermore, time‐dependent DFT simulated absorption spectra are in excellent agreement with experimental spectra when the dyes are in their protonated states in THF solution. The transition probability calculated with the electron density difference analyses combined with the absorption data and photovoltaic performance provide useful information for designing organic sensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Synthesis of Oxa‐B‐Ring Analogs of Colchicine through Rh‐Catalyzed Intramolecular [5+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Termath Andreas Ole , Ritter Stefanie , König Marcel , Kranz Darius Paul , Neudörfl Jörg‐Martin , Prokop Aram , Schmalz Hans‐Günther 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA synthetic approach towards (5R)‐5‐methyl‐6‐oxa‐desacetamido colchicine as a conformationally defined non‐natural colchicine analog with a modified B‐ring was undertaken. The synthetic strategy was based on a Rh‐catalyzed cascade reaction involving a [5+2] cycloaddition of a carbonyl ylide intermediate as a key step, in which both seven‐membered rings of the polycyclic framework are formed in a single operation. Starting from 2‐iodo‐3,4,5‐trimethoxy‐acetophenone, an upper side‐chain was constructed through enantioselective CBS reduction (up to 75 % ee) and propargylation, while a lower succinoyl side‐chain was attached either throughiodine–magnesium–copper exchange and subsequent reaction with methyl 4‐chloro‐4‐oxobutanoate, or by Pd‐catalyzed Stille cross‐coupling with 2‐tributylstannyl‐5‐methoxyfuran followed by hydrolytic furan‐opening. Treatment of an α‐diazoketone intermediate with Rh2(OAc)4 (3 mol‐%)initiated the diastereoselective key cyclization cascade (≥97:3 dr). Treatment of the cycloadduct 3 with Et2AlCl afforded an interesting 11,12‐dihydrocolchicine analog 24, which, however, could not be oxidized to the corresponding tropolone. Structural assignments were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. While compounds 3 and 24 did not exhibit noteworthy cytotoxic activity by themselves, they were found to strongly enhance the cytostatic (apoptosis‐inducing) activity of doxorubicin against resistant Nalm‐6 cells (i.e., in a synergy effect).
A puzzling misinterpretation of the Asch ‘conformity’ study
Authors: Friend Ronald , Rafferty Yvonne , Bramel Dana 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this article, we examine the interpretations by social psychologists of Asch's widely cited study of independence and conformity. Though it has become known as the ‘Asch Conformity Study’, Asch equally, if not more, intended and interpreted it as demonstrating the powers of independence.The evidence for this analysis consists of 99 accounts in social psychology textbooks published between 1953, following the appearance of his study, and 1984. We asked whether these accounts were accurate, or whether, as we suspected, they minimized the role of independence and exaggerated that of conformity. We found that authors have often distorted Asch's findings, and that this trend has increased substantially with time: they have increasingly accentuated the role of conformity and underestimated that of independence.We suggest several reasons for this distortion. For one, there has been insufficient care in reading the findings and drawing conclusions. Second, authors have generally limited themselves to reports of quantitative results. Although these were strong and beyond question, authors have usually neglected the intimately connected qualitative findings, which would have discouraged the misinterpretations. Third, the study of Asch was an integral part of his perspective on social psychology, which authors again ignored, thus encouraging a limited and out‐of‐context view of his study. We conclude with a thematic presentation of Asch's general theoretical framework, showing how it bears on independence and conformity.