bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizenship attributes as the basis for intergroup differentiation: Implicit and explicit intergroup evaluations
Authors: McNamara Niamh , Muldoon Orla , Stevenson Clifford , Slattery Emer 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRecent research (e.g. Barnes, Auburn & Lee, 2004) suggests that citizenship opportunities and resources may be afforded or denied to individuals according to their group memberships. We consider how the generic processes of intergroup differentiation by which groups are socially devalued and excluded can reflect divergent conceptualizations of citizenship among different groups. As part of a wider investigation of social exclusion, a combination of methods was used to investigate the relative intergroup perceptions of residents from more and less affluent areas in Limerick city, Ireland. Participants (n = 214) completed the implicit association test and rated a fictional character on a series of citizenship‐relevant dimensions. All participants displayed negative implicit associations with designated disadvantaged areas in Limerick. The results of the explicit prejudice assessment illustrated that these negative associations are matched by a lower overall attribution of positive characteristics to residents from these areas relative to residents from a more affluent area. On examination of each group's relative rating of traits, residents from less affluent areas appear doubly disadvantaged as they are devalued in terms of both outgroup and ingroup understandings of citizenship attributes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
VEGF‐A‐induced immature DCs not mature DCs differentiation into endothelial‐like cells through ERK1/2‐dependent pathway
Authors: Lu Jing , Zhao Jun , Zhao Jimin , Ma Junfen , Liu Kangdong , Yang Hongyan , Huang Youtian , Qin Zhenzhu , Bai Ruihua , Li Pei , Yan Wenhai , Zhao Mingyao , Dong Ziming 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen‐presenting cells that play an important role in anti‐tumour immunity. Endothelial‐like differentiation of DCs is an interesting phenomenon. The specific role of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) on the differentiation of immature DCs (iDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs) is worth further research. Here, we show that VEGF‐A can induce iDCs to differentiate into endothelial‐like cells (ELCs). But it has no obvious influence on mDCs. In the process of endothelial‐like differentiation of iDCs, a sustained activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was detected. VEGF‐A induced the activation of ERK1/2, and led to the nuclear translocation of phosphorylation ERK1/2. Incubation of iDCs with the ERK1/2 upstream kinase MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB as well as the endothelial‐like differentiation of iDCs. These data suggest that VEGF‐A induces endothelial‐like differentiation of iDCs not mDCs through ERK1/2 signalling pathway. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of scatter radiation during transradial percutaneous coronary angiography: A randomized trial using a lead‐free radiation shield
Authors: Politi Luigi , Biondi‐Zoccai Giuseppe , Nocetti Luca , Costi Tiziana , Monopoli Daniel , Rossi Rosario , Sgura Fabio , Modena Maria Grazia , Sangiorgi Giuseppe M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackground: Occupational radiation exposure is a growing problem due to the increasing number and complexity of interventional procedures performed. Radial artery access has reduced the number of complications at the price of longer procedure duration. Radpad® scatter protection is a sterile, disposable bismuth‐barium radiation shield drape that should be able to decrease the dose of operator radiation during diagnostic and interventional procedures. Such radiation shield has never been tested in a randomized study in humans.Methods: Sixty consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography by radial approach were randomized 1:1 to Radpad use versus no radiation shield protection. The sterile shield was placed around the area of right radial artery sheath insertion and extended medially to the patient trunk. All diagnostic procedures were performed by the same operator to reduce variability in radiation absorption. Radiation exposure was measured blindly using thermoluminescence dosimeters positioned at the operator's chest, left eye, left wrist, and thyroid.Results: Despite similar fluoroscopy time (3.52 ± 2.71 min vs. 3.46 ± 2.77 min, P = 0.898) and total examination dose (50.5 ± 30.7 vs. 45.8 ± 18.0 Gycm2, P = 0.231), the mean total radiation exposure to the operator was significantly lower when Radpad was utilized (282.8 ± 32.55 μSv vs. 367.8 ± 105.4 μSv, P < 0.0001) corresponding to a 23% total reduction. Moreover, mean radiation exposure was lower with Radpad utilization at all body locations ranging from 13 to 34% reduction.Conclusions: This first‐in‐men randomized trial demonstrates that Radpad significantly reduces occupational radiation exposure during coronary angiography performed through right radial artery access. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
A model‐based development approach for the verification of real‐time Java code
Authors: Pour Niusha Hakimi , Strooper Paul , Wellings Andy 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMany real‐time systems are safety‐and security‐critical systems and, as a result, tools and techniques for verifying them are extremely important. Simulation and testing such systems can be exceedingly time‐consuming and these techniques provide only probabilistic measures of correctness. There are a number of model‐checking tools for real‐time systems. Although they provide formal verification for models, we still need to implement these models. To increase the confidence in real‐time programs written in real‐time Java, this paper proposes a model‐based approach to the development of such programs. First, models can be mechanically verified, to check whether they satisfy particular properties, by using current real‐time model‐checking tools. Then, programs can be derived from the model by following a systematic approach. We introduce a timed automata to RTSJ Tool (TART), a prototype tool to automatically generate real‐time Java code from the model. Finally, we show the applicability of our approach by means of four examples: a gear controller, an audio/video protocol, a producer/consumer and the Fischer protocol. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐purity flow sorting of early meiocytes based on DNA analysis of guinea pig spermatogenic cells
Authors: Rodríguez‐Casuriaga Rosana , Geisinger Adriana , Santiñaque Federico F. , López‐Carro Beatriz , Folle Gustavo A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractMammalian spermatogenesis is still nowadays poorly understood at the molecular level. Testis cellular heterogeneity is a major drawback for spermatogenic gene expression studies, especially when research is focused on stages that are usually very short and poorly represented at the cellular level such as initial meiotic prophase I (i.e., leptotene [L] and zygotene [Z]). Presumably, genes whose products are involved in critical meiotic events such as alignment, pairing and recombination of homologous chromosomes are expressed during the short stages of early meiotic prophase. Aiming to characterize mammalian early meiotic gene expression, we have found the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) as an especially attractive model. A detailed analysis of its first spermatogenic wave by flow cytometry (FCM) and optical microscopy showed that guinea pig testes exhibit a higher representation of early meiotic stages compared to other studied rodents, partly because of their longer span, and also as a result of the increased number of cells entering meiosis. Moreover, we have found that adult guinea pig testes exhibit a peculiar 4C DNA content profile, with a bimodal peak for L/Z and P spermatocytes that is absent in other rodents. Besides, we show that this unusual 4C peak allows the separation by FCM of highly pure L/Z spermatocyte populations aside from pachytene ones, even from adult individuals. To our knowledge, this is the first report on an accurate and suitable method for highly pure early meiotic prophase cell isolation from adult mammals, and thus sets an interesting approach for gene expression studies aiming at a deeper understanding of the molecular groundwork underlying male gamete production. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Persistence of immunological alterations after thymectomy in Good's syndrome: A clue to its pathogenesis
Authors: Ternavasio‐de la Vega Hugo‐Guillermo , Velasco‐Tirado Virginia , Pozo‐Rosado Laura , Soler‐Fernández María‐Carmen , Pérez‐Andres Martín , Orfao Alberto , Sánchez‐Sánchez Rafael , González‐Villaron Luis 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAnalyzing the phenotypic characterization of the immune system cells involved in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency with thymoma (Good's syndrome) is difficult due to the low number of studies on that subject. We describe the immunological alterations observed in a case of Good's syndrome, and we summarize the pathogenic explanations found in the literature. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Zebrafish Thsd7a is a neural protein required for angiogenic patterning during development
Authors: Wang Chieh‐Huei , Chen I‐Hui , Kuo Meng‐Wei , Su Pei‐Tsu , Lai Zih‐Yin , Wang Chian‐Huei , Huang Wei‐Chang , Hoffman Jana , Kuo Calvin J. , You May‐Su , Chuang Yung‐Jen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAngiogenesis is a highly organized process under the control of guidance cues that direct endothelial cell (EC) migration. Recently, many molecules that were initially described as regulators of neural guidance were subsequently shown to also direct EC migration. Here, we report a novel protein, thrombospondin type I domain containing 7A (Thsd7a), that is a neural molecule required for directed EC migration during embryonic angiogenesis in zebrafish. Thsd7a is a vertebrate conserved protein. Zebrafish thsd7a transcript was detected along the ventral edge of the neural tube in the developing zebrafish embryos, correlating with the growth path of angiogenic intersegmental vessels (ISVs). Morpholino‐knockdown of Thsd7a caused a lateral deviation of angiogenic ECs below the thsd7a‐expressing sites, resulting in aberrant ISV patterning. Collectively, our study shows that zebrafish Thsd7a is a neural protein required for ISV angiogenesis, and suggests an important role of Thsd7a in the neurovascular interaction during zebrafish development. Developmental Dynamics 240:1412–1421, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rab3d is required for Xenopus anterior neurulation by regulating noggin secretion
Authors: Kim Hyunjoon , Han Jin‐Kwan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRab3d is a member of the Ras‐related small GTPase family of secretory Rab, Rab3. In this study, we showed that Xenopus Rab3d is expressed specifically in the anterior border of the neural plate when the neural plate converges and folds to initiate neural tube formation. Morpholino‐mediated knockdown of Rab3d resulted in neurulation defects both in neural plate convergence and folding. Interestingly, perturbation of BMP signaling rescued neurulation defects of Rab3d morphants, suggesting that Rab3d inhibits BMP signaling during neurulation. By secretion assay in the Xenopus animal cap, we found that Rab3d specifically regulates secretion of a BMP antagonist, Noggin, but not Chordin and Wnts. We also found that Rab3d is co‐localized with Noggin and that this interaction is dependent on the GTP/GDP cycle of Rab3d. Collectively, these findings suggest that Rab3d‐mediated secretion regulation of a BMP antagonist, Noggin, is one of the mechanisms of BMP antagonism during Xenopus anterior neurulation. Developmental Dynamics 240:1430–1439, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mandometer treatment not superior to treatment as usual for anorexia nervosa
Authors: van Elburg Annemarie A. , Hillebrand Jacquelien J.G. , Huyser Chaim , Snoek Maartje , Kas Martien J.H. , Hoek Hans W. , Adan Roger A.H. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective:A comparison of the efficacy of a novel treatment method for anorexia nervosa (AN), the Mandometer treatment (MT), with treatment as usual (TAU).Method:During treatment data were collected to determine weight recovery and outcome as assessed by the Morgan Russell Outcome Assessment Schedule (MROAS).Results:After treatment 63% of the MT group and 85% of the TAU group had reached a normal weight level and both MT and TAU showed a good outcome on the MROAS (75 and 71%, respectively). After two years more MT than TAU patients were still in treatment and more MT patients had relapsed.Discussion:The outcome for both treatments in our study were similar and comparable with, if not better than outcome data of other AN studies. MT is not superior to TAU in outcome results and in relapse rate during the first two years following admission for AN treatment. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Establishing thresholds for unusually large binge eating episodes
Authors: Arikian Aimee , Peterson Carol B. , Swanson Sonja A. , Berg Kelly C. , Chartier Lisa , Durkin Nora , Crow Scott J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective:This study examined group differences in ratings of amounts of food at the threshold of what is considered “unusually large” to develop empirically derived definitions of binge eating criteria for bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.Method:Groups included undergraduate students, community members, and participants from an eating disorder (ED) longitudinal study. Data were collected via self‐report questionnaires.Results:Ordinal logistic regression indicated that males reported a higher threshold for amounts of food compared to females. Overweight participants from the student and ED samples, but not from the community sample, reported higher thresholds. The presence of binge eating and fear of weight gain were also associated with higher thresholds.Discussion:These findings provide evidence that gender, social context, BMI, and eating disorder status are important considerations in determining what is an unusually large amount of food. Future diagnostic guidelines should consider the importance of these factors when defining binge eating. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
InP‐based InGaAsSbN quantum well laser diodes in the 2‐μm wavelength region
Authors: Kawamura Yuichi 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInGaAsSbN quantum well (QW) laser diodes on InP in the 2‐μm wavelength region were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). It was found that an increase in Sb content improved the properties of InGaAsSbN QW laser diodes. We observed electroluminescence at 4.51 μm at room temperature for InAsSbN SQ laser diodes, and laser operation at 2.31 μm at 190 K. Annealing effects were also studied. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(5): 33–38, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10195
Brain activity while reading sentences with kanji characters expressing emotions: an fMRI study on kanji characters expressing “laughter” and “tears”
Authors: Yuasa Masahide , Saito Keiichi , Mukawa Naoki 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the brain activity associated with kanji characters expressing emotion, which are placed at the end of a sentence. Japanese use special kanji characters in brackets at the end of sentences in text messages, such as those sent through e‐mail and messaging tools. Such kanji characters have the function of expressing the sender's emotions (such as amusement, laughter, sadness, tears), like emoticons. This is a very simple and effective way to convey the sender's emotions and thoughts to the recipient. In this research, we investigate the effects of emotive kanji characters by using an fMRI study. The experimental results show that both the right and left inferior frontal gyri, which have been implicated in verbal and nonverbal information, were activated. We found that sentences with an emotive kanji character were detected as containing both verbal and nonverbal information, and that sentences with emotive kanji characters enrich communication between the sender and the recipient. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(5): 1–8, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10332
Diatom ecological response to altered hydrological forcing of a shallow lake on the Yangtze floodplain, SE China
Authors: Liu Qian , Yang Xiangdong , Anderson N. John , Liu Enfeng , Dong Xuhui 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe Yangtze floodplain is characterized by numerous large (surface area > 1 km2; ∼25% are > 10 km2) and shallow lakes (maximum depth mainly < 5 m). Floodplain lakes are inherently dynamic and important sites for biogeochemical cycling, biodiversity as well as human resources. Importantly, the degree of hydrological connectivity between lakes and river channels is affected by climate, geomorphic processes as well as cultural disturbance of the catchment. This study investigated the long‐term (∼200 years) interaction between a shallow floodplain lake (Taibai Lake; area 25 km2, mean depth 3·2 m) and the Yangtze River using high‐resolution multi‐proxy analysis (diatoms, geochemistry, and grain size) of a 210Pb‐dated sediment core. Diatom assemblages in Taibai Lake exhibited a strong temporal succession and were successively dominated by Aulacoseira granulata (planktonic), Gyrosigma acuminatum (periphytic), and the facultatively planktonic Nitzschia palea over the past 200 years. Eutrophication as inferred by diatom inferred‐total phosphorous (DI‐TP), however, only started around 1990 with TP concentration increasing from 65 to 95 µg L−1. Prior to 1950 DI‐TP was constant and detrended correspondence analysis axis 1 sample scores (of the diatom assemblages) were not correlated with DI‐TP concentration suggesting that there were other stressors driving changes in the diatom assemblage besides nutrients. We used sediment grain size as a proxy for hydrological connectivity; median grain size is strongly correlated with the abundance of A. granulata (R2 = 0·67). A comparison of the diatom stratigraphy with physical and geochemical proxies suggested that Taibai Lake shifted from a riverine‐influenced, turbid algae‐macrophyte mixed state to a clearwater macrophyte‐dominated state around 1950 AD, primarily due to the changes in the hydrological regime of the floodplain resulting from land reclamation and building of reservoirs. After 1990 AD, the lake ecosystem deteriorated following continuous input of nutrients from agriculture and aquaculture, shifting to a hyper‐eutrophic algae‐dominated state. These results indicate the dynamic nature of floodplain ecosystems and the complexity of multiple stressors affecting them over decadal timescales and the long‐term interaction between anthropogenic and natural forcing processes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of precipitation variability on the ecohydrology of grasslands
Authors: Petrie M. D. , Brunsell N. A. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTPrecipitation event timing and magnitude are important drivers of ecosystem processes and are instrumental in creating landscape heterogeneity. Ecosystems respond to precipitation and other driving variables at different spatial and temporal scales, which complicates understanding of the relationships that govern ecosystem conditions. To better characterize the ecosystem response, we present a low‐dimensional framework for simulating the influence of precipitation event timing and magnitude on grassland ecosystems, with particular focus on characterizing the temporal sensitivity of water and carbon fluxes to climate forcings and the feedback of water and carbon on soil moisture availability. Results show variation in daily through seasonal sensitivity of ecosystem water and carbon fluxes and identifies the way these sensitivities change at daily to annual timescales to shape long‐term ecosystem states. This provides for a better understanding of the nonlinearities inherent to ecosystem interactions during the growing season and provides assessment of the extent that precipitation variance has on grassland functioning and heterogeneity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA damage and nucleotide excision repair capacity in healthy individuals
Authors: Slyskova Jana , Naccarati Alessio , Polakova Veronika , Pardini Barbara , Vodickova Ludmila , Stetina Rudolf , Schmuczerova Jana , Smerhovsky Zdenek , Lipska Ludmila , Vodicka Pavel 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInterindividual differences in DNA repair capacity (DRC) represent an important source of variability in genome integrity and thus influence health risk. In the last decade, DRC measurement has attracted attention as a potential biomarker in cancer prediction. Aim of the present exploratory study was to characterize the variability in DNA damage and DRC on 100 healthy individuals and to identify biological, lifestyle, or genetic factors modulating these parameters. The ultimate goal was to obtain reference data from cancer‐free population, which may constitute background for further investigations on cancer patients. The endogenous DNA damage was measured as a level of DNA single‐strand breaks and DRC, specific for nucleotide excision repair (NER), was evaluated using modified comet assay, following the challenge of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide. Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in NER genes (XPA, XPC, XPD, and XPG) were assessed. We have observed a substantial interindividual variability for both examined parameters. DNA damage was significantly affected by gender and alcohol consumption (P = 0.003 and P = 0.012, respectively), whereas DRC was associated with family history of cancer (P = 0.012). The stratification according to common variants in NER genes showed that DNA damage was significantly modulated by the presence of the variant T allele of XPC Ala499Val polymorphism (P = 0.01), while DRC was modulated by the presence of the A allele of XPA G23A polymorphism (P = 0.048). Our results indicate the range of endogenous DNA single‐strand breaks and capacity of NER in healthy volunteers as well as the role of potentially relevant confounders. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A laboratory treatability study for pilot‐scale soil washing of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn contaminated soils
Authors: Lin Ya‐Ting , Chien Yi‐Chi , Liang Chenju 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAs part of this study, laboratory‐ and pilot‐scale washing of soils contaminated with Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn were performed. The soil washing agents used included strong acids (hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)) and chelating agents (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid calcium disodium salt (EDTA) and citric acid (CA)). A positive correlation was observed between the removal efficiency of the washing process and the concentration of the washing solution. Moreover, the effect of H2SO4 on metal removal with respect to concentration variations was more pronounced in the batch studies due mainly to acid dissolution of the heavy metals. Using H2SO4 concentrations of between 300 and 1000 mM, the removal efficiencies achieved when targeting Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and the total metal content were 41–42, 38–68, 23–25, 47–53, and 42–55%. The removal efficiencies recorded during the engineering pilot scale washing of the field soils using H2SO4 are comparable to those obtained in the batch study. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011