bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You Want to Do What? My Mother's Choice to Have Direct‐to‐Consumer Genetic Testing
Authors: Varga Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAs a genetic counselor, I had mixed opinions when my mother told me of her intent to undergo genomewide, SNP‐based direct‐to‐consumer (DTC) genetic testing. I cautioned her that results could be misleading, could increase anxiety and were often of limited clinical validity or utility. I warned of the possibility of learning unintended health information and expressed concerns about how the information might be used by a private company. I told her about the variability in results among companies. Yet, she persisted in her desire, reminding me that she was an informed consumer. After reviewing her goals and understanding of the information she might receive, she elected to proceed. Despite my insistence that I would not be her personal genetic counselor, when the results came back, I found myself immersed in her genetic data. In this manuscript, I will examine how this personal experience challenged my perceptions of DTC testing.
Flexible intramedullary nailing for distal femoral fractures in patients with myopathies
Authors: Huber Hanspeter , André Guillaume , Rumeau Francine , Journeau Pierre , Haumont Thierry , Lascombes Pierre 
Published: April 2012

Purpose Distal femoral fractures are quite common in nonambulating patients with myopathies, as they present marked osteoporosis. The deterioration of preexisting knee flexion contracture is a known problem, as these fractures are usually angulated posteriorly. The goals of treatment are to reduce immobilization and bed rest to a minimum, prevent function loss, and prevent refracture. The aim of our work was to investigate if these goals can be achieved by an operative treatment with closed reduction and flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN). Methods Six distal femoral fractures in four nonambulating patients with myopathies (three Duchenne muscular dystrophy and one nemaline myopathy) were treated with FIN between 2005 and 2011. Patient charts and radiographs were reviewed to determine if intra- or postoperative complications occurred and to detect the interval to wheelchair mobilization and hospital discharge. Pre- and postoperative knee flexion contracture was noted from the patient charts of our reeducation unit, where patients were already known preoperatively. Results Wheelchair mobilization without further immobilization after an interval of 2–3 days was possible. No aggravation of knee flexion contracture was detected in our patient series. No complications associated to the operative treatment itself and no refractures in the follow up occurred. Conclusion Our experience showed that FIN is a low invasive and sufficiently stable osteosynthesis in such fractures. Left in place, nails will reinforce mechanical stability.
Academic self-efficacy: from educational theory to instructional practice
Authors: Artino Jr. Anthony R. 
Published: April 2012

Self-efficacy is a personal belief in one’s capability to organize and execute
courses of action required to attain designated types of performances. Often described
as task-specific self-confidence, self-efficacy has been a key component in theories of
motivation and learning in varied contexts. Furthermore, over the last 34 years,
educational researchers from diverse fields of inquiry have used the notion of
self-efficacy to predict and explain a wide range of human functioning, from athletic
skill to academic achievement. This article is not a systematic review of the empirical
research on self-efficacy; instead, its purpose is to describe the nature and structure
of self-efficacy and provide a brief overview of several instructional implications for
medical education. In doing so, this article is meant to encourage medical educators to
consider and explicitly address their students’ academic self-efficacy beliefs in an
effort to provide more engaging and effective instruction.
Flächenentwicklungen für Wohnzwecke
Authors: Iwanow Irene , Stutzriemer Sylke 
Published: April 2012

Einleitung
Wohnen als existentielles Grundbedürfnis des Menschen machte bei Bevölkerungswachstum Wohnbaulandausweisungen der Kommunen dringend erforderlich. Diese Praxis gilt es unter den Bedingungen von Haushaltsschrumpfung kritisch zu überprüfen. Der Beitrag stellt die Wohnwünsche als wichtige Triebkraft des weiteren Flächenwachstums für Wohnen heraus und weist auf die im Leibniz-Institut für ökologische Raumentwicklung (IÖR) entwickelten neuen Ansätze und deren Nutzungsmöglichkeiten hin.
With a little help from my friends – Nachbarschaft und Gesundheit
Authors: Richter-Kornweitz Antje 
Published: April 2012

Einleitung
Nachbarschaftliche Netzwerke haben ein gesundheitsförderndes Potenzial, das in gemeinsam verfolgten Zielen, vertrauensvollen Beziehungen und sozialem Zusammenhalt liegt. Zu klären ist, was genau unter Nachbarschaft zu verstehen ist und wie unterstützende nachbarschaftliche Beziehungen auch in strukturell benachteiligten Settings entstehen. Die lokalen Bedingungen vor Ort lassen sich durch eine Bestandsaufnahme erheben. Komplizierter ist die Frage nach Erreichbarkeit und Einbeziehung der Bewohnerschaft selbst sowie die Unterstützung von Selbstorganisation im Setting. Zu den Erfolgsfaktoren gehört neben äußeren Rahmenbedingungen eine spezifische innere Haltung als Grundlage professionellen Handels, die als Kompetenz dringend von Public Health vermittelt werden sollte.
,,Stadtblau‘‘ – die Renaissance eines gesundheitsförderlichen Faktors
Authors: Völker Sebastian , Claßen Thomas , Baumeister Hendrik , Kistemann Thomas 
Published: April 2012

Einleitung
Die Grundlage jeder gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung bildet das Wasser. Aus historischer Perspektive fanden Siedlungsgründungen vor allem an Wasserlagen statt. Diese stellten das Grundnahrungsmittel Wasser bereit, fungierten als Basis für landwirtschaftliche Produktion, erfüllten vielfältige Funktionen, wie bspw. hygienische, logistische und militärische. In der post-industriellen Stadtentwicklung wurde „Stadtblau“ (Kistemann et al., 2010) als attraktiver Standortfaktor von Planern wiederentdeckt (Breen und Rigby, 1996).
ESR spectroscopy identifies inhibitory Cu
2+
sites in a DNA-modifying enzyme to reveal determinants of catalytic specificity
Authors: Yang Zhongyu , Kurpiewski Michael R. , Ji Ming , Townsend Jacque E. , Mehta Preeti , Jen-Jacobson Linda , Saxena Sunil 
Published: April 2012

The relationship between DNA sequence recognition and catalytic specificity in a DNA-modifying enzyme was explored using paramagnetic Cu
2+
ions as probes for ESR spectroscopic and biochemical studies. Electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy establishes that Cu
2+
coordinates to histidine residues in the EcoRI endonuclease homodimer bound to its specific DNA recognition site. The coordinated His residues were identified by a unique use of Cu
2+
-ion based long-range distance constraints. Double electron-electron resonance data yield Cu
2+
-Cu
2+
and Cu
2+
-nitroxide distances that are uniquely consistent with one Cu
2+
bound to His114 in each subunit. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirms that two Cu
2+
ions bind per complex. Unexpectedly, Mg
2+
-catalyzed DNA cleavage by EcoRI is profoundly inhibited by Cu
2+
binding at these hitherto unknown sites, 13 Å away from the Mg
2+
positions in the catalytic centers. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest a model for inhibition of catalysis, whereby the Cu
2+
ions alter critical protein-DNA interactions and water molecule positions in the catalytic sites. In the absence of Cu
2+
, the Mg
2+
-dependence of EcoRI catalysis shows positive cooperativity, which would enhance EcoRI inactivation of foreign DNA by irreparable double-strand cuts, in preference to readily repaired single-strand nicks. Nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann calculations suggest that this cooperativity arises because the binding of Mg
2+
in one catalytic site makes the surface electrostatic potential in the distal catalytic site more negative, thus enhancing binding of the second Mg
2+
. Taken together, our results shed light on the structural and electrostatic factors that affect site-specific catalysis by this class of endonucleases.
Thermodynamic glass transition in a spin glass without time-reversal symmetry
Authors: Baños Raquel Alvarez , Cruz Andres , Fernandez Luis Antonio , Gil-Narvion Jose Miguel , Gordillo-Guerrero Antonio , Guidetti Marco , Iñiguez David , Maiorano Andrea , Marinari Enzo , Martin-Mayor Victor , Monforte-Garcia Jorge , Muñoz Sudupe Antonio , Navarro Denis , Parisi Giorgio , Perez-Gaviro Sergio , Ruiz-Lorenzo Juan Jesus , Schifano Sebastiano Fabio , Seoane Beatriz , Tarancon Alfonso , Tellez Pedro , Tripiccione Raffaele , Yllanes David 
Published: April 2012

Spin glasses are a longstanding model for the sluggish dynamics that appear at the glass transition. However, spin glasses differ from structural glasses in a crucial feature: they enjoy a time reversal symmetry. This symmetry can be broken by applying an external magnetic field, but embarrassingly little is known about the critical behavior of a spin glass in a field. In this context, the space dimension is crucial. Simulations are easier to interpret in a large number of dimensions, but one must work below the upper critical dimension (i.e., ind < 6) in order for results to have relevance for experiments. Here we show conclusive evidence for the presence of a phase transition in a four-dimensional spin glass in a field. Two ingredients were crucial for this achievement: massive numerical simulations were carried out on the Janus special-purpose computer, and a new and powerful finite-size scaling method.
The Chloroplast Triggers Developmental Reprogramming When MUTS HOMOLOG1 Is Suppressed in Plants
Authors: Xu Ying-Zhi , Santamaria Roberto de la Rosa , Virdi Kamaldeep S. , Arrieta-Montiel Maria P. , Razvi Fareha , Li Shaoqing , Ren Guodong , Yu Bin , Alexander Danny , Guo Lining , Feng Xuehui , Dweikat Ismail M. , Clemente Tom E. , Mackenzie Sally A. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Multicellular eukaryotes demonstrate nongenetic, heritable phenotypic versatility in their adaptation to environmental changes. This inclusive inheritance is composed of interacting epigenetic, maternal, and environmental factors. Yet-unidentified maternal effects can have a pronounced influence on plant phenotypic adaptation to changing environmental conditions. To explore the control of phenotypy in higher plants, we examined the effect of a single plant nuclear gene on the expression and transmission of phenotypic variability in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). MutS HOMOLOG1 (MSH1) is a plant-specific nuclear gene product that functions in both mitochondria and plastids to maintain genome stability. RNA interference suppression of the gene elicits strikingly similar programmed changes in plant growth pattern in six different plant species, changes subsequently heritable independent of the RNA interference transgene. The altered phenotypes reflect multiple pathways that are known to participate in adaptation, including altered phytohormone effects for dwarfed growth and reduced internode elongation, enhanced branching, reduced stomatal density, altered leaf morphology, delayed flowering, and extended juvenility, with conversion to perennial growth pattern in short days. Some of these effects are partially reversed with the application of gibberellic acid. Genetic hemicomplementation experiments show that this phenotypic plasticity derives from changes in chloroplast state. Our results suggest that suppression of MSH1, which occurs under several forms of abiotic stress, triggers a plastidial response process that involves nongenetic inheritance.
Search for an aetiological virus candidate in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia by extensive transcriptome analysis
Authors: Rego Natalia , Bianchi Sergio , Moreno Pilar , Persson Helena , Kvist Anders , Pena Alvaro , Oppezzo Pablo , Naya Hugo , Rovira Carlos , Dighiero Guillermo , Pritsch Otto 
Published: April 2012

SummaryAs an approach to determining the aetiology of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), we searched for a virus expressed in human CLL B‐cells by combining high‐throughput sequencing and digital subtraction. Pooled B‐cell mRNA transcriptomes from five CLL patients and five healthy donors were sequenced with 454 Life Sciences technology. Human reads were excluded by BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) and BLAT (BLAST‐like alignment tool) searches. Remaining reads were screened with BLAST against viral databases. Purified B‐cells from two CLL patients, with and without stimulation by phorbol‐esters, were sequenced using Illumina technology to achieve depth of sequencing. Burrows‐Wheeler Aligner mapping and BLAST searches were used for the Illumina data. Pyrosequencing resulted in about 400 000 reads per sample. No viral candidate could be found. Illumina single‐end sequencing for 115 cycles yielded an average of 26 ± 2·5 million filtered reads per sample, of which 2·2 ± 0·6 million remained unmapped to human references. BLAST searches of these reads against viral and human databases assigned nine reads to an Epstein‐Barr virus origin, in one sample following phorbol‐ester stimulation. Other reads showing a putative viral origin were dismissed after further analysis. Despite an in‐depth analysis of the CLL transcriptome reaching more than 100 million sequences, we have not found evidence for a putative viral candidate in CLL.
Habitat persistence for sedentary organisms in managed rivers: the case for the federally endangered dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon) in the Delaware River
Authors: MALONEY KELLY O. , LELLIS WILLIAM A. , BENNETT RANDY M. , WADDLE TERRY J. 
Published: April 2012

Summary1. To manage the environmental flow requirements of sedentary taxa, such as mussels and aquatic insects with fixed retreats, we need a measure of habitat availability over a variety of flows (i.e. a measure of persistent habitat). Habitat suitability measures in current environmental flow assessments are measured on a ‘flow by flow’ basis and thus are not appropriate for these taxa. Here, we present a novel measure of persistent habitat suitability for the dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon), listed as federally endangered in the U.S.A., in three reaches of the Delaware River.2. We used a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model to quantify suitable habitat over a range of flows based on modelled depth, velocity, Froude number, shear velocity and shear stress at three scales (individual mussel, mussel bed and reach). Baseline potentially persistent habitat was quantified as the sum of pixels that met all thresholds identified for these variables for flows ≥40 m3 s−1, and we calculated the loss of persistently suitable habitat by sequentially summing suitable habitat estimates at lower flows. We estimated the proportion of mussel beds exposed at each flow and the amount of change in the size of the mussel bed for one reach.3. For two reaches, mussel beds occupied areas with lower velocity, shear velocity, shear stress and Froude number than the reach average at all flows. In the third reach, this was true only at higher flows. Together, these results indicate that beds were possible refuge areas from the effects of these hydrological parameters. Two reaches showed an increase in the amount of exposed mussel beds with decreasing flow.4. Baseline potentially persistent habitat was less than half the areal extent of potentially suitable habitat, and it decreased with decreasing flow. Actually identified beds and modelled persistent habitat showed good spatial overlap, but identified beds occupied only a portion of the total modelled persistent habitat, indicating either that additional suitable habitat is available or the need to improve habitat criteria. At one site, persistent beds (beds where mussels were routinely collected) were located at sites with stable substratum, whereas marginal beds (beds where mussels were infrequently collected or that were lost following a large flood event) were located in scoured areas.5. Taken together, these model results support a multifaceted approach, which incorporates the effects of low and high flow stressors, to quantify habitat suitability for mussels and other sedentary taxa. Models of persistent habitat can provide a more holistic environmental flow assessment of rivers.
Seasonal and spatial hydrological variability drives aquatic biodiversity in a flood‐pulsed, sub‐tropical wetland
Authors: DAVIDSON THOMAS A. , MACKAY ANSON W. , WOLSKI PIOTR , MAZEBEDI RICHARD , MURRAY‐HUDSON MIKE , TODD MARTIN 
Published: April 2012

Summary1. Flood‐pulsed wetlands make vital contributions to local and global biodiversity. However, the patterns and controls of spatial and temporal variation in aquatic biodiversity in flood‐pulsed wetlands are not well understood. We analysed the relationship between variation in hydrological regime and the patterns of aquatic biodiversity in a large pristine flood‐pulsed wetland, the Okavango Delta, Botswana.2. Surveys of water chemistry, diatoms and macroinvertebrates were conducted over the seasonal phases of the flood pulse. Hydrological variables of flood frequency and hydroperiod class were collated from 16 years of satellite images. Multivariate regression trees and generalised least squares regression were used to determine the chief controls of community composition and taxon richness.3. Hydroperiod class, phase of the flood and conductivity explained 32% and 43% of the variation in diatom and invertebrate taxon richness, respectively. There was a negative relationship between hydroperiod class and invertebrate taxon richness on the rising, peak and receding flood, whereas at low flood there was no significant relationship. Multivariate regression tree analysis revealed hydroperiod class, phase of the flood and conductivity as the dominant forces shaping invertebrate and diatom community composition.4. Seasonal and spatial variation in hydrological conditions are the principal drivers of variation in aquatic biodiversity in flood‐pulsed wetlands. In pristine flood‐pulsed wetlands, increased productivity caused by the arrival of the flood waters appears to override disturbance and connectivity in shaping taxon richness and community composition. Thus, these data suggest that the maintenance of a rich mosaic of habitats covering a broad range of hydroperiod is the key to preserving aquatic biodiversity and natural ecosystem function in flood‐pulsed wetlands.
Improvement of bixin extraction yield and extraction quality from annatto seed by modification and combination of different extraction methods
Authors: Van Chuyen Hoang , Hoi Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Eun Jong‐Bang 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBixin from annatto seed was extracted by submerging the seeds in acetone and by combined extractions using sodium hydroxide and soybean oil in the dark to improve extraction yield and reduce content of volatile compounds in annatto extracts. The exclusion of light from acetone extraction did not significantly improve bixin extraction yield (68.5%) compared to the process carried out under daylight (67.3%), but it remarkably reduced contents of toluene and m‐xylene in annatto extracts. Combined extraction using sodium hydroxide solution at 50 °C for 40 min and soybean oil at 100 °C for 20 min resulted in very low level of volatile compounds. Significantly higher extraction yield (53.7%) could be achieved by such a process as compared to a single extraction sodium hydroxide (31.8%) or soybean oil (42.9%) alone. In conclusion, the exclusion of light from acetone extraction and combined extraction significantly reduced concentration of undesirable volatile compounds. The combined extraction significantly improved bixin yield compared to the original extraction methods.
Characterisation of physical, chemical and antimicrobial properties of allicin–chitosan complexes
Authors: Pirak Tantawan , Jangchud Anuvat , Jantawat Pantipa 
Published: April 2012

SummaryFormation of allicin (freshly used after prepared from fresh garlic cloves) and chitosan (78%DD with 1100 kDa, and 88%DD and 1020 kDa) complexes were conducted under the optimum conditions. After complete complexation (pH 4.5–4.8, 4 °C, and 48 h), the optimum weight ratio was resulted (1:1). The highest yield after freeze drying was 64.98%. The light yellow complexes (L* 81.0–87.3, a* 0.4–2.2 and b* 16.8–21.2) can be dissolved in wide pH range (3–11). Scanning electron micrographs revealed the round shape complexes with diameter between 5 and 15 μm. The FT‐IR analysis showed the main functional groups, including alkyl group, alkyl group‐hydroxy or possibly amino substituent, hydroxyl or amino compound, and aliphatic alcohol with carbonyl substitution. XRD results showed that the complex crystalinity was amorphous. The clear zone results and MIC (mg mL−1) revealed that allicin–chitosan complexes exhibited the antibacterial activity against spoilage bacteria indicated the possibility to use as antimicrobial agent in foods.
How to define ‘best practice’ for use in Knowledge Translation research: a practical, stepped and interactive process
Authors: Bosch Marije , Tavender Emma , Bragge Peter , Gruen Russell , Green Sally 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectives  Defining ‘best practice’ is one of the first and crucial steps in any Knowledge Translation (KT) research project. Without a sound understanding of what exactly should happen in practice, it is impossible to measure the extent of existing gaps between ‘desired’ and ‘actual’ care, set implementation goals, and monitor performance. The aim of this paper is to present a practical, stepped and interactive process to develop best practice recommendations that are actionable, locally applicable and in line with the best available research‐based evidence, with a view to adapt these into process measures (quality indicators) for KT research purposes.Methods  Our process encompasses the following steps: (1) identify current, high‐quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and extract recommendations; (2) select strong recommendations in key clinical management areas; (3) update evidence and create evidence overviews; (4) discuss evidence and produce agreed ‘evidence statements’; (5) discuss the relevance of the evidence with local stakeholders; and (6) develop locally applicable actionable best practice recommendations, suitable for use as the basis of quality indicators.Conclusions  Actionable definitions of local best practice are a prerequisite for doing KT research. As substantial resources go into rigorously synthesizing evidence and developing CPGs, it is important to make best use of such available resources. We developed a process for efficiently developing locally applicable actionable best practice recommendations from existing high‐quality CPGs that are in line with current research evidence.