bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural rearrangement of SULT2A1: effects on dehydroepiandrosterone and raloxifene sulfation
Authors: Cook Ian T. , Leyh Thomas S. , Kadlubar Susan A. , Falany Charles N. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background: Human cytosoloic sulfotransferase (SULT) 2A1 is a major hepatic isoform and sulfates hydroxyl groups in structurally diverse sterols and xenobiotics. SULT2A1 crystal structures resolved in the presence and absence of 3′,5′-diphosphoadenosine (PAP) or dehydropeiandrosterone (DHEA) suggest a significant rearrangement of the peptide that forms the surface of the active site in the presence of PAP.

Materials and methods: Molecular modeling was used to examine the effects of the rearrangement in SULT2A1 associated with 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) binding on the binding of DHEA and raloxifene. The kinetics of DHEA and raloxifene sulfation was analyzed to investigate the effects of the rearrangement on SULT2A1 activity.

Results: Molecular models indicate that DHEA is able to bind to SULT2A1 in both conformations (open, without PAP; closed, with PAP) in a catalytic configuration, whereas raloxifene bound in a catalytic conformation only in the open structure. Raloxifene did not bind in the smaller, closed substrate binding pocket. Kinetic analysis of DHEA sulfation was consistent with a random Bi-Bi reaction mechanism, whereas raloxifene sulfation was more indicative of an ordered reaction mechanism with raloxifene binding first. Initial burst kinetics with DHEA yielded similar results after preincubation of SULT2A1 with DHEA or PAPS. Preincubation of SULT2A1 with raloxifene showed a burst of raloxifene sulfate formation with the addition of PAPS. In contrast, little raloxifene sulfate was formed if SULT2A1 was preincubated with PAPS and the reaction initiated with raloxifene.

Conclusions: The structural rearrangements in SULT2A1 caused by PAPS binding can alter the sulfation mechanism and kinetics of different substrates.
Are estradiol metabolites involved in gynaecological carcinogenesis?
Authors: Seeger Harald , Mueck Alfred O. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Certain estradiol metabolites are biologically active, sometimes several times more potent than their parent substance. Highly sophisticated laboratory methods allow us to understand oestrogenic effects as a net effect of the corresponding metabolite pattern. Currently, research is focused on the anticancerogenic effects of 2-hydroxyestrone and particularly 2-methoxyestradiol, as well as the possible carcinogenic properties of 4-hydroxyoestrogens and 16α-hydroxyestrone. The clinical relevance of these activities, demonstrated in in-vitro and animal experiments, remains unclear – it is proven, however, that the metabolite production can be altered in certain malignancies such as endometrial-, breast- and cervical carcinoma. Clinical studies, including our studies, have demonstrated a negative correlation between the ratio of 2-hydroxyestrone to 16α-hydroxyestrone and breast cancer risk. However, the design and interpretation of such studies should consider factors influencing metabolic pattern such as diet, physical activity, smoking, as well as internal diseases and certain drugs.
Effect of toremifene and ospemifene, compared to acolbifene, on estrogen-sensitive parameters in rat and human uterine tissues
Authors: Labrie Fernand , Martel Céline , Gauthier Sylvain , Pelletier Georges , Sancéau Jean-Yves 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background: Although the first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen (TAM) is well known for its uterotrophic activity, this study compares the stimulatory effect of the TAM derivatives toremifene (TORE) and ospemifene (OSPE) on estrogen-sensitive parameters in rat and human uterine tissues.

Material and methods: Ovariectomized female rats were treated daily orally for 10 days with 0.75 mg/rat of TORE, OSPE or acolbifene (ACOL, a pure estrogen antagonist in the uterus and mammary gland), which was used for comparison. Human endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa cells were incubated for 5 days with increasing doses of compounds, in the absence or presence of 1 nM estradiol (E2).

Results: TORE and OSPE revealed 52% and 56% increases, respectively, in uterine weight, whereas ACOL had no effect. Similar effects were observed on vaginal weight. Endometrial epithelial height increased from 15.82±0.20 to 48.94± 2.12 and 42.14±1.95 μm with TORE and OSPE, respectively, whereas ACOL had no effect. Alkaline phosphatase activity, an estrogen-sensitive parameter in Ishikawa cells, was increased by 144% and 135% with OH-TORE and OH-OSPE, respectively. Owing to their intrinsic estrogenic activity, at maximal concentrations, OH-TORE and OH-OSPE blocked the stimulatory effect of E2 by only 89% compared to 100% with ACOL.

Conclusions: The present in vitro and in vivo data show similar stimulatory effects of 4-hydroxytoremifene (OH-TORE) and OH-OSPE on estrogen-sensitive parameters. ACOL, a third generation SERM, has no effect on any of these parameters. Such data add to the potential uterine safety limitations of triphenylethylene-derived SERMs for long-term use in humans.
The use of peptide analogs for the treatment of gastrointestinal, pancreatic, liver and urinary bladder cancers
Authors: Szepeshazi Karoly , Block Norman L. , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Peptide hormones can influence the development and growth of many cancers which are not considered classical hormone-dependent tumors. Analogs of somatostatin, bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH-RH) can interfere with receptors on tumor cells or intracellular pathways that are important in cell proliferation and in this way inhibit tumor growth. The first part of this review explains how these peptide hormones and their analogs affect tumors. The second part of this review describes how various hormone analogs can be used for the treatment of gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, liver and urinary bladder cancers. These tumors are major health problems worldwide and their treatment remains a great challenge. Receptors for somatostatin, bombesin/GRP, LH-RH and GH-RH are present in a large percentage of these cancers. We have developed a series of cytotoxic peptides based on doxorubicin or its derivative 2-pyrrolino-doxorubicin coupled to an analog of LH-RH, somatostatin or bombesin. This new class of targeted analogs might provide a more effective therapy for various cancers that express receptors for these carrier peptides, while producing significantly reduced peripheral toxicity. Under experimental conditions, these peptide hormone analogs strongly inhibited the growth of these tumors. Cytotoxic analogs were particularly effective on tumors that express the specific peptide receptors and acted more powerfully than the carrier peptide or the cytotoxic compound alone. Clinical trials on these peptide analogs are in progress.
Fatigue Crack Propagation in SAW Seam Welds of API 5L X42 Steel Pipe in the Radial Short Direction
Authors: Herrera D. Angeles , Velázquez J. L. González , Ramírez A. de J. Morales 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) rates in submerged arc welding (SAW) seam welds of 1524 steel (API 5L X42) pipe were measured by using an arc-shaped bend specimen with the same radius of curvature of the body of the pipe so the material did not have to be cold worked to get a flat shape nor extensively machined. The test direction was girth radial and the stress intensity factor (K) function was calibrated for this type of nonstandard specimen. The FCP tests were carried out in air at room temperature, testing the three zones: The base metal, the deposited metal, and the heat affected zone (HAZ). A fractographic analysis was done to analyze the role of the microstructure in the FCP in the three zones. It was found that the zone of greater resistance to FCP was the base metal, whereas the deposited metal showed the least resistance to crack propagation. FCP in the deposited metal and the HAZ behaved according to the Paris law, unlike the base metal, which showed a high data dispersion. The behavior in the base metal was attributed to the propagation of the crack in the transverse direction of the preferential alignment of the microstructure, while the deposited metal and the HAZ had a more homogeneous microstructure.
FSHR gene polymorphisms influence bone mineral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women
Authors: Rendina Domenico , Gianfrancesco Fernando , De Filippo Gianpaolo , Merlotti Daniela , Esposito Teresa , Mingione Alessandra , Nuti Ranuccio , Strazzullo Pasquale , Mossetti Giuseppe , Gennari Luigi 
Published: March 2010

ObjectiveFSH, via its receptor (FSHR), influences bone remodeling and osteoclast proliferation and activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of theFSHRgene on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (bone alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen C-telopeptides) in postmenopausal women.MethodsTwo hundred and eighty-nine unrelated postmenopausal women were genotyped for the SNPs rs1394205 and rs6166. BMD was estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methodologies.ResultsAA rs6166 women showed a lower BMD (femoral neck and total body), lower stiffness index (calcaneal QUS), and higher serum levels of bone turnover markers compared to GG rs6166 women. The prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly higher in AA rs6166 women compared with GG rs6166 women. These results were not influenced by circulating levels of FSH and estrogens.ConclusionThe SNP rs6166 of theFSHRgene significantly influences BMD in postmenopausal women. In particular, AA rs6166 women are at increased risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis compared with GG rs6166 women, independently of circulating levels of FSH and estrogens. Previous studies have demonstrated that this SNP influences cell and tissue response to hyperstimulation of FSHRin vivoandin vitro. Our study results appear in agreement with these experimental data and with known biological actions of FSH/FSHR system in bone homeostasis.
A Management Strategy for Sedentary Nearshore Species that Uses Marine Protected Areas as a Reference
Authors: Wilson Jono R. , Prince Jeremy D. , Lenihan Hunter S. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Classical approaches to fisheries stock assessment rely on methods that are not conducive to managing data-poor stocks. Moreover, many nearshore rocky reef species exhibit spatial variation in harvest pressure and demographic rates, further limiting traditional stock assessment approaches. Novel management strategies to overcome data limitations and account for spatial variability are needed. With the ever-increasing implementation of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs), there is great potential for improving decision making in management through comparisons of fished populations with populations in MPAs at spatially explicit scales. We developed a management strategy that uses a combination of data-based indicators sampled inside and outside of MPAs as well as model-based reference points for data-poor, sedentary nearshore species. We performed a management strategy evaluation of this MPA-based decision tree model for a hypothetical population of grass rockfish Sebastes rastrelliger in California. We introduced process, observation, and model uncertainty in numerous scenarios and compared these scenarios with the precautionary approach currently used to manage data-poor species. Our model consistently improved total catches while maintaining the biomass and spawning potential ratio at levels well within acceptable thresholds of management. We suggest further exploration of this MPA-based management approach, and we outline a collaborative research program in the California Channel Islands that may well be suited for testing an experimental management procedure.
Models of Parent Involvement
Authors: Kindervater Terry 
Published: March 2010

In this article a literacy lead teacher tells the story what happened when kindergarteners were taught to link certain sounds with particular hand and body gestures. Many children were so intrigued with “using the motions” that they shared these procedures with their parents. Terry Kindervater explains how this happened and describes some of the benefits of children teaching their parents about how to play with sounds.يحكي في هذه المقالة معلم قائد في معرفة القراءة والكتابة الحكاية التي حدثت عندما تعلم طلاب روضة كيف بإمكانهم تعليق أصوات معينة بحركات يدوية وجسمية معينة. واسترعى ((استخدام الحركات)) انتباه بعض الأولاد إلى درجة أنهم نقلوا هذه الإجراءات إلى والديهم. ويشرح تيري كندرواتر كيف حصل هذا ويصف بعض فوائد تعليم الأولاد آباءهم التلاعب بالأصوات.在本文中，一位读写教学领导教师讲述教授幼儿园学生的经验，这位领导教师教授学生把某些读音与特定的手势及身体姿势连接起来。很多小孩子都对这种「使用动作」感到兴趣，以至与他们的父母一起分享这些读音动作游戏的过程。本文作者解释这情况是怎样发生的，并说明小孩子通过教他们的父母如何玩这种读音动作游戏而获得的裨益。Dans cet article, un enseignant champion en littératie raconte ce qui s'est produit quand on a enseigné à des enfants de maternelle à associer certains sons à des mouvements particuliers de la main ou du corps. Beaucoup d'enfants furent si intrigués par le fait de « faire des mouvements » qu'ils partagèrent ces procédures avec leurs parents. Terry Kindervater explique comment ceci s'est produit et décrit les bénéfices pour les enfants d'enseigner à leurs parents comment jouer avec des sons.Учительница, занимающийся становлением грамотности у дошкольников, вспоминает, как она однажды предложила детям передавать некоторые звуки определенными жестами и телодвижениями. Дети, воодушевившись, привлекли к этому веселому занятию своих родителей. Автор объясняет, как организовать такую деятельность и почему так важно, чтобы родители принимали участие в становлении грамотности своих детей – в частности, в работе со звуками.En este artículo, una maestra líder de alfabetización narra lo que pasó cuando se les enseño a estudiantes de un kindergarten a relacionar ciertos sonidos con movimientos de sus manos y su cuerpo. A tantos estudiantes les interesó tanto “usar los movimientos” que les enseñaron dichos procedimientos a sus padres. Ferry Kindervater explica cómo pasó esto y describe algunos de los beneficios de tener a los niños enseñándoles a sus padres juegos basados en sonidos.
Extending Acrostic Poetry Into Content Learning: A Scaffolding Framework
Authors: Frye Elizabeth M. , Trathen Woodrow , Schlagal Bob 
Published: March 2010

Acrostic poems make use of a keyword written vertically, where each line of the poem begins with a letter of the keyword. The structure of this formula poem combined with teacher modeling provides a scaffold for students, showing them how to think flexibly and develop ideas and choose interesting words. Moreover, encoding information in poetic form is a thought‐provoking way to capture and retain important content. This article describes an instructional framework for teachers to extend acrostic poetry into content areas.يوجد نوع من القصائد تستخدم فيه كلمة مفتاح مكتوبة أفقياً بحيث كل بيت من القصيدة يبدأ بحرف الكلمة المفتاح. ويوفر جمع نظام هذه القصيدة مع تمثيل المعلم سقالة للطلاب يبين لهم كيف يفكرون بطريقة لينة مرونة ويطورون الأفكار ويختارون الكلمات المثيرة للانتباه. وفوق ذلك إن ترميز معلومات في قالب شعري هو طريقة لتثير الأفكار فيها من أجل الاستيلاء على مضمون المحتوى الهام والاحتفاظ به. لذا تشرح هذه المقالة إطاراً تعليمياً للمعلمين لتمديد هذا النوع من القصيدة إلى مجالات المحتوى.离合诗使用垂直的英文字母写法把关键字词写出，使诗歌里每一行的首字母能组合成该关键字词。这样的公式化诗歌结构，结合教师的示范，能为学生提供一种支援，向他们展示如何灵活地思考、发展思路及选择有趣的关键字词。此外，把信息编码成诗歌形式，是一种捕捉及记忆重要内容的启发思考方法。本文描述一个教学框架，以便教师把离合诗写作延展到学科范畴的教学上。Les poèmes acrostiches utilisent un mot clé écrit verticalement, où chaque ligne du poème commence par une lettre du mot clé. La structure de ce format de poésie associée à un modelage de la part de l'enseignant fournit un échafaudage aux élèves qui leur montre comment penser de façon souple, développer des idées et choisir des mots intéressants. En outre, encoder de l'information sous forme poétique est une façon intellectuellement provocante de capter et de mémoriser quelque chose d'important. Cet article présente un dispositif éducatif destiné aux enseignants en vue d'étendre la poésie acrostiche à différents domaines de connaissance.Акростих – это стихотворение, где каждая строка начинается с определенной буквы, а вместе эти буквы составляют читаемое по вертикали ключевое слово. Учитель демонстрирует школьникам, как можно работать с этой стихотворной формой, благодатной для развития собственных идей и гибкости ума, а также для подбора интересных слов. Кроме того, чтобы облечь информацию в поэтическую форму необходимо глубоко вникнуть в содержание. В статье предложен метод применения акростихов в различных предметных областях.En los poemas acrósticos, las letras iniciales de los versos forman un vocablo. La estructura de este formulario poético junto con demostraciones de la maestra crea una plataforma que les muestra a los estudiantes cómo pensar con flexibilidad, cómo desarrollar ideas y cómo usar palabras interesantes. Además, codificar información en un poema es una manera intelectualmente estimulante de capturar y recordar contenido importante. Este artículo describe un marco de instrucción para los maestros que quieran usar poemas acrósticos en áreas de contenido.
Signaling and Indeterminacy of Equilibria in Unsecured Credit and Insurance Markets
Authors: Mishra Shreemoy 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
I study strategic behavior under credit-based insurance.' It is assumed that higher consumer credit scores are associated with lower risk for insurable losses. Even when default is costless, some borrowers repay loans as a signal of low risk-type to insurers. There are multiple equilibria and equilibrium refinement techniques have no bite. The equilibrium amount of debt is indeterminate. For low credit scores, equilibrium involves randomization between default and repayment. This can explain the hockey-stick' shape of interest rates observed in several markets. Perfect information about consumer risk-type can lead to credit-market failure and lower welfare.
Access to Physical Therapy Services Among Medically Underserved Adults: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: McCallum Christine A. 
Published: March 2010

Background and Objectives
This mixed-method case study examined access issues related to physical therapy services among medically underserved adults within an Ohio community.

Design
Three community health care clinics served as the units of analysis.

Methods
Eleven health care providers and 110 patients participated in the study, and documents from local, state, and national resources were reviewed.

Results
Results revealed that structural, utilization of care, and outcome barriers existed. A lack of accessible physical therapy providers for medically underserved adults and a lack of standardized screening or assessment processes to identify physical mobility problems among people with chronic health conditions were found. Inadequate knowledge about the full scope of physical therapist practice existed, which may impede access to those individuals most in need of services.

Conclusions
Opportunities are present for physical therapist involvement in screening, wellness and prevention, consultation, education, and program development among medically underserved adults. However, challenges exist due to a lack of human and financial resources and the current structure of our health care system, which focuses on acute and chronic care rather than prevention.
Histopathology indicates lymphatic spread of a pelvic retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy removed by robot‐assisted laparoscopy with temporary occlusion of the blood supply
Authors: PERSSON JAN , REYNISSON PETUR , MÅSBÄCK ANNA , EPSTEIN ELISABETH , SALDEEN PIA 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRetroperitoneal ectopic pregnancies are extremely rare and a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge as an early diagnosis is difficult and all treatments entail a risk for severe bleeding. We present a case of a live completely retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy in the right obturator fossa. Following 3D color Doppler vaginal ultrasonography to evaluate the relation to larger blood vessels the pregnancy was completely removed by robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery. The hypogastric artery was temporarily occluded by removable vessel clips. Time for surgery was 126 minutes, no bleeding occurred. The postoperative course was uneventful and s‐βhCG normalized in five weeks. Histopathology of the intact specimen showed trophoblast surrounded by lymphatic tissue. We believe robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery is a feasible and safe technique for surgery of retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancies with similar or other locations allowing occlusion of the main supplying artery. Lymphatic spread may explain retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancies.
The Effect of an Ossicle of the Lateral Malleolus on Ligament Reconstruction of Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Kim Bom Soo , Choi Woo Jin , Kim Yong Sang , Lee Jin Woo 
Published: March 2010

Background: Ossicles at the tip of the lateral malleolus are frequently found in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). However, the relationship between the presence or the size of an ossicle and the outcome of ligament reconstruction is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of an ossicle at the tip of the lateral malleolus on ligament reconstruction in CLAI. Materials and Methods: Seventy-four ankles with chronic lateral instability that received lateral ligament reconstruction using a modified Broström technique between January 2001 and March 2007 were included. The mean followup was 47 (range, 25 to 89) months. Ankles were divided into 2 groups: the ossicle group (26 ankles, 35.1%) and the non-ossicle group (48 ankles, 64.9%). Then, depending on the size, the ossicle group was subdivided into small (less than 10 mm, 14 ankles) and large ossicles (greater than 10 mm, 12 ankles). Pre- and postoperative Karlsson-Peterson ankle scores and findings on stress radiographs were compared between the groups. Results: Both the ossicle and non-ossicle groups improved significantly on stress radiographs without difference between the groups. Karlsson-Peterson ankle scores showed functional improvement in each group, however, the mean score at last followup was significantly lower in the ossicle group ( p = 0.01). The prevalence of an osteochondral lesion of the talus was significantly higher in the ossicle group ( p = 0.046). In ankles with large ossicles, varus stability was achieved but anterior displacement of the talus was not improved after ligament reconstruction. Conclusion: The surgeon should be aware of the inferior functional outcome in ankles with ossicles. Also, when the ossicle is large, excision and modified Broström technique may not be suitable to achieve mechanical anteroposterior stability. Therefore, fusing the ossicle to the fibular tip or using other methods of ligament reconstruction can be considered when performing ligament reconstruction in CLAI with associated large ossicles. Level of Evidence: III, Retrospective Comparative Study
From the Bonn to the Berlin Republic: The Twentieth Anniversary of German Unification: Introduction
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey 
Published: March 2010

‘Tis the season of anniversaries in Germany. 2009 unfolded like a hitparade of history. March ushered in the sixtieth anniversary of the foundingof the Federal Republic and May witnessed the sixtieth anniversary ofthe end of the Berlin Blockade. After a summer lull, the seventiethanniversary of Nazi Germany’s invasion of Poland fell on 1 Septemberand in October, the twentieth anniversary of the first Monday demonstrationin Leipzig took place. Finally, the month of November offered up amajor date—the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall—and alesser one, suited more for the political connoisseur: the fortieth anniversaryof the Social Democratic Party’s (SPD) ratification of the GodesbergerProgram. 2010, of course, culminates in October with the twentiethanniversary of unification.