bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent changes in the distribution of a marine gastropod, Patella rustica, across the Iberian Atlantic coast did not result in diminished genetic diversity or increased connectivity
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro A. , Branco Madalena , Hawkins Stephen J. , Santos António M. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  The Lusitanian limpet, Patella rustica Linnaeus, 1758, is a rocky shore intertidal mollusc found throughout the Mediterranean and the north‐east Atlantic from Mauritania to southern France. A 280‐km gap in its distribution in the Iberian north‐west was first reported in the early 20th century. Between 2002 and 2005 this gap was bridged, and unusual climatic and hydrographic events that occurred in the late 1990s are hypothesized to have facilitated transport and settlement of colonizers from the southern edge of the gap. In the present work we used genetic data to investigate differentiation between the edges of the former gap, to determine the origin of colonizers and to assess patterns of connectivity across the historical and newly colonized region.Location  Atlantic coast of Iberia (Portugal and north‐west Spain) and Biarritz.Methods  The genetic variation of 12 sites, sampled between 2004 and 2006, was assessed through the analysis of five microsatellites (n = 412) and of a 650‐bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI; n = 163). F‐statistics were used to investigate differentiation and patterns of gene flow across the distribution of P. rustica, from southern Portugal to Biarritz. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mismatch distribution was analysed and the mutation–drift equilibrium tested to investigate putative demographic changes.Results  Levels of differentiation were low and generally non‐significant. Comparisons between regions of the historical distribution were all non‐significant. For microsatellites, low yet significant genetic differentiation was observed when all three regions were included. Levels of genetic diversity of newly founded populations were similar to those observed within the historical range. Evidence of demographic changes was detected with mtDNA and microsatellites.Main conclusions  The studied region is inhabited by a single population, suggesting that the gap in the distribution of P. rustica was not an effective barrier to gene flow. If it has ever prevented gene flow, it did not last enough time for genetic differentiation to occur. On the other hand, the main currents flowing along the Atlantic coast of Iberia could have been responsible for maintaining connectivity through occasional larval transport across a considerable stretch of inhospitable habitat.
Patterns of population genetic diversity in riparian and aquatic plant species along rivers
Authors: Honnay Olivier , Jacquemyn Hans , Nackaerts Kris , Breyne Peter , Van Looy Kris 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  The downstream hydrochoric spread of seeds of aquatic and riparian plant species, without upstream compensation, can be expected to result in downstream accumulation of population genetic diversity. This idea has been termed the ‘unidirectional dispersal hypothesis’ and is the genetic equivalent of the more generally known ‘drift paradox’. Our aim was to test this unidirectional diversity hypothesis, and to present a general synthesis of the patterns of population genetic variation across different riparian and aquatic plant species along rivers.Location  The Meuse River (Belgium) and rivers world‐wide.Methods  First, we used amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to compare patterns of within‐ and between‐population genetic diversity among three riparian plant species (Sisymbrium austriacum, Erysimum cheiranthoides and Rorippa sylvestris), typically occurring in different habitats along a gradient perpendicular to the Meuse River. Second, we performed a meta‐analysis on studies reporting on the population genetic structure of riparian and aquatic plant species along rivers.Results  Along the Meuse River, we found significant genetic differentiation among populations of all three riparian species, and significant isolation by distance for one of them (R. sylvestris). There was no clear association between the typical habitat of a species and its population genetic structure. None of the three species provided evidence for the unidirectional dispersal hypothesis. The meta‐analysis, based on 21 data records, did not support the unidirectional dispersal hypothesis either. Average weighted population genetic differentiation across species was significant.Main conclusions  Important mechanisms of upstream seed dispersal, probably through zoochory, together with higher seed recruitment opportunities in upstream habitats due to density dependence of recruitment, may explain the absence of downstream accumulation of genetic diversity. Also, it seems difficult to find consistent patterns in genetic variation in species from aquatic and riparian habitats. We argue that this is due to the recurrent extinctions and colonizations characteristic of these habitats, resulting in complex genetic patterns. Our results strongly support previous suggestions that stream ecology should consistently embrace metapopulation theory to be able to understand patterns of genetic diversity, as well as species diversity.
Social networking between mobile introns and their host genes
Authors: Stoddard Barry , Belfort Marlene 
Published: June 2010

SummaryHoming endonucleases have long been known as the orchestrators of intron mobility. However, the extent of their influence on the intron and its genetic and cellular environment is still being elucidated. The accompanying paper emphasizes the importance of temporal control of endonuclease expression on splicing, expression of the host gene and cellular metabolism, while it raises questions to guide future inquiry.
A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of prucalopride in elderly patients with chronic constipation
Authors: Müller‐lissner S. , Rykx A. , Kerstens R. , Vandeplassche L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground Constipation affects up to 50% of the elderly; this study evaluates the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the selective 5‐HT4agonist prucalopride in chronically constipated elderly patients.Methods Three hundred chronic constipation patients aged ≥65 years were randomized to prucalopride (1, 2, or 4 mg once daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients with ≥3 spontaneous complete bowel movements (SCBM) per week. Secondary endpoints included the percentage with an increase of ≥1 SCBM per week, BM frequency, constipation‐related symptoms, quality of life (QoL), safety, and tolerability.Key Results More patients achieved ≥3 SCBM per week with prucalopride than with placebo. This difference was largest and significant during the first week of 4 mg prucalopride (P ≤ 0.05). Significantly more patients in each prucalopride group achieved an increase of ≥1 SCBM per week from baselinevsplacebo (e.g. 60% with 1 mg prucalopridevs34% with placebo at week 4;P ≤ 0.05). More patients had improvement in PAC‐QOL satisfaction score of ≥1 with 1 mg prucalopride than with placebo (P ≤ 0.05); the same was true for PAC‐SYM stool symptoms (1 and 4 mg prucalopride;P ≤ 0.05). Treatment‐emergent adverse events were similar between groups: the most frequently reported with prucalopride were headache and gastrointestinal events. There were no clinically significant differences between prucalopride and placebo for vital signs, laboratory assessments, or ECG variables.Conclusions & Inferences Prucalopride, in the dose‐range tested (1–4 mg once daily), has beneficial effects on bowel movements, symptoms, and QoL, and is safe and well‐tolerated in elderly patients with chronic constipation.
Diffusive fractionation complicates isotopic partitioning of autotrophic and heterotrophic sources of soil respiration
Authors: MOYES ANDREW B. , GAINES SARAH J. , SIEGWOLF ROLF T. W. , BOWLING DAVID R. 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTCarbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of heterotrophic and rhizospheric sources of soil respiration under deciduous trees were evaluated over two growing seasons. Fluxes and δ13C of soil respiratory CO2 on trenched and untrenched plots were calculated from closed chambers, profiles of soil CO2 mole fraction and δ13C and continuous open chambers. δ13C of respired CO2 and bulk carbon were measured from excised leaves and roots and sieved soil cores. Large diel variations (>5‰) in δ13C of soil respiration were observed when diel flux variability was large relative to average daily fluxes, independent of trenching. Soil gas transport modelling supported the conclusion that diel surface flux δ13C variation was driven by non‐steady state gas transport effects. Active roots were associated with high summertime soil respiration rates and around 1‰ enrichment in the daily average δ13C of the soil surface CO2 flux. Seasonal δ13C variability of about 4‰ (most enriched in summer) was observed on all plots and attributed to the heterotrophic CO2 source.
Interleukin‐27 as a Negative Regulator of Human Neutrophil Function
Authors: Li J. P. , Wu H. , Xing W. , Yang S. G. , Lu S. H. , Du W. T. , Yu J. X. , Chen F. , Zhang L. , Han Z. C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractInterleukin‐27 (IL‐27) is a novel cytokine of the IL‐6/12 family with a broad range of immune regulation properties, which has been considered as a potential therapeutic agent for immune diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the effect of IL‐27 on human neutrophils before its clinical administration. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL‐27 on human neutrophil functions including adhesion, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/cytotoxic granule components production, inflammatory cytokines production, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expression and neutrophils’ survival. We showed that IL‐27 receptor complex, WSX‐1/TCCR and gp130, is constitutively expressed on human neutrophils. In vitro, IL‐27 suppressed neutrophil adhesion in response to fMLP, which might depend on the down‐regulation of Mac‐1. IL‐27 also suppressed lipopolysaccharide‐induced ROS production and attenuated cytotoxic granule components production in the cytoplasm of human neutrophils. In addition, IL‐27 enhanced the production of IL‐1β but not TNF‐α from neutrophils. However, IL‐27 failed to regulate the expression of MHC molecules and the survival of human neutrophils. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that IL‐27 mainly down‐modulates human neutrophil function, which might extend our understanding of the role of IL‐27 in the innate immune response.
Golimumab Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview
Authors: Zidi I. , Bouaziz A. , Mnif W. , Bartegi A. , Al‐Hizab F. A. , Amor N. B. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGolimumab is a new approved humanized antibody for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This antibody belonging to biologic agents is raised against the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor‐α playing an essential role in the initiation of RA. To date, Golimumab administration for patients with RA, as indicated by USA Food and Drug Administration, is subcutaneous combined with methotrexate (MTX). Here, we have reviewed current literature with a focus on characteristics of Golimumab and also have exposed the clinical trials either using MTX or not using MTX. We have also highlighted the incoming clinical trials on Golimumab and have proposed some indications for the future studies based on a setting of clinical data and post‐marketing observational studies. These studies will advance rheumatologists’ decisions in the beginning of RA therapeutic interventions to insure the best outcomes for patients with RA and to improve their quality of life.
GIGANTEA is a component of a regulatory pathway determining wall ingrowth deposition in phloem parenchyma transfer cells of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Edwards Joshua , Martin Antony P. , Andriunas Felicity , Offler Christina E. , Patrick John W. , McCurdy David W. 
Published: June 2010

SummaryTransfer cells are specialised transport cells containing invaginated wall ingrowths that generate an amplified plasma membrane surface area with high densities of transporter proteins. They trans‐differentiate from differentiated cells at sites at which enhanced rates of nutrient transport occur across apo/symplasmic boundaries. Despite their physiological importance, little is known of the molecular mechanisms regulating construction of their intricate wall ingrowths. We investigated the genetic control of wall ingrowth formation in phloem parenchyma transfer cells of leaf minor veins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Wall ingrowth development in these cells is substantially enhanced upon exposing plants to high‐light or cold treatments. A hierarchical bioinformatic analysis of public microarray datasets derived from the leaves of plants subjected to these treatments identified GIGANTEA (GI) as one of 46 genes that are commonly up‐regulated twofold or more under both high‐light and cold conditions. Histological analysis of the GI mutants gi‐2 and gi‐3 showed that the amount of phloem parenchyma containing wall ingrowths was reduced 15‐fold compared with wild‐type. Discrete papillate wall ingrowths were formed in gi‐2 plants but failed to develop into branched networks. Wall ingrowth development in gi‐2 was not rescued by exposing these plants to high‐light or cold conditions. In contrast, over‐expression of GI in the gi‐2 background restored wall ingrowth deposition to wild‐type levels. These results indicate that GI regulates the ongoing development of wall ingrowth networks at a point downstream of inputs from environmental signals.
Evaluation of a multi‐disease carrier screening programme in Ashkenazi Jewish high schools
Authors: Ioannou L , Massie J , Lewis S , Petrou V , Gason A , Metcalfe S , Aitken MA , Bankier A , Delatycki MB 
Published: June 2010

Ioannou L, Massie J, Lewis S, Petrou V, Gason A, Metcalfe S, Aitken MA, Bankier A, Delatycki MB. Evaluation of a multi‐disease carrier screening programme in Ashkenazi Jewish high schools.A screening programme for Tay Sachs disease (TSD) carrier status was introduced in high schools in Victoria, Australia in 1997, and was expanded to screen for six other genetic conditions common in the Ashkenazi Jewish population in 2008. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current programme and compare it with an evaluation of the programme when screening was offered for TSD alone. All students from Jewish high schools in Melbourne who offered the programme in 2009 were invited to participate in the study. A purpose‐designed questionnaire explored the following domains: knowledge (disease and genetics), reasons for screening, anxiety, and predicted negative feelings if found to be a carrier. Two hundred and seventy‐three students were offered screening, and 272 (99.6%) completed the questionnaire. Only two students chose not to have screening. Two hundred and seventy‐one students were in the penultimate year of high school (99.6%) and 222 were of Ashkenazi Jewish descent (82.5%). The main reasons for choosing screening were the desire to know carrier status and convenience. Knowledge level decreased and negative feelings increased in the current cohort compared to that when screening was offered for TSD alone. We conclude that the current programme is efficient, although increasing the number of conditions resulted in a decrease in knowledge and increase in predicted negative feelings if found to be a carrier of one of the conditions. This has implications for multi‐disease screening programmes that will increase in frequency as more conditions can be screened for and costs diminish.
Two distinct FSGS lesions caused by distinct etiology confirmed in a single patient in pre‐ and post‐transplantation
Authors: Ito Yumi , Nishi Shinichi , Imai Naofumi , Narita Ichiei , Gejyo Fumitake , Saito Kazuhide , Nakagawa Yuki , Tasaki Masayuki , Takahashi Kota 
Published: June 2010

Ito Y, Nishi S, Imai N, Narita I, Gejyo F, Saito K, Nakagawa Y, Tasaki M, Takahashi K. Two distinct FSGS lesions caused by distinct etiology confirmed in a single patient in pre‐ and post‐transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24 (Suppl. 22): 54–59. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  At the age of three yr, a male patient had surgical treatment for bilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and at the age of 19 yr, he developed nephrotic syndrome because of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). His renal function deteriorated despite treatment with temocapril and aspirin, and dialysis treatment was started when he was 19. After nine yr of dialysis, he received a living kidney transplantation from his 58‐yr‐old father, who had a long history of hypertension. A graft biopsy before perfusion showed moderate arteriolosclerosis. As urine protein increased to 2.15 g/d at 16 months after kidney transplantation, the graft biopsy was performed again. FSGS lesion with severe arteriosclerosis was recognized under light microscope, while the effacement of podocyte foot processes was seldom observed. The alteration of calcineurin inhibitor from cyclosporine to tacrolimus, combined with the new administration of angiotensin receptor antagonist (valsartan) and aldosterone receptor blocker, successfully decreased the amount of urine protein to 0.8 g/d within two wk. We considered that the present case showed two distinct types of FSGS lesions – one because of VUR and the other because of cyclosporine arteriolopathy – in each native kidney and transplanted kidney.
Analysis of preexisting baseline kidney lesions revealed by biopsy in living kidney donors: relationship with clinical parameters at the time of donation
Authors: Okamoto Masahiko , Koshino Katsuhiro , Nobori Shuji , Ushigome Hidetaka , Okajima Hideaki , Urasaki Koji , Yoshimura Norio 
Published: June 2010

Okamoto M, Koshino K, Nobori S, Ushigome H, Okajima H, Urasaki K, Yoshimura N. Analysis of preexisting baseline kidney lesions revealed by biopsy in living kidney donors: relationship with clinical parameters at the time of donation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24 (Suppl. 22): 27–30. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Because the safety of living organ donors is essential, we have been performing donor kidney biopsy before donation in cases where decision‐making regarding suitability is marginal. To clarify the degree to which pathological change in the kidney can be predicted on the basis of clinical data obtained non‐invasively, we analyzed preexisting lesions found by one‐h biopsy in 76 living kidney donors, and compared the findings with clinical parameters at the time of donation. Pathological change in living kidney donors was correlated to some extent with predonation clinical parameters including age, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and presence of hypertension, while the lesions influenced by glucose intolerance were not completely correlated with the results of oral glucose tolerance test. A follow‐up study will be required to determine whether these mild histological findings at the time of donation influence long‐term outcome in the donor.
Findings of graft biopsy specimens within 90 days after ABO blood group incompatible living donor kidney transplantation compared with ABO‐identical and non‐identical transplantation
Authors: Ushigome Hidetaka , Okamoto Masahiko , Koshino Katsuhiro , Nobori Syuji , Okajima Hideaki , Masuzawa Naoko , Urasaki Koji , Yoshimura Norio 
Published: June 2010

Ushigome H, Okamoto M, Koshino K, Nobori S, Okajima H, Masuzawa N, Urasaki K, Yoshimura N. Findings of graft biopsy specimens within 90 days after ABO blood group incompatible living donor kidney transplantation compared with ABO‐identical and non‐identical transplantation. Clin Transplant 2010: 24 (Suppl. 22): 16–21. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  As immunosuppressive therapy has advanced, we have markedly improved the outcome of ABO blood group incompatible living donor kidney transplantation. Consequently, graft survival at early phase after ABO‐incompatible transplantation has been favorable than ABO‐compatible transplantation in Japan. But in these days, it has been assumed that transplant glomerulopathy within one yr after ABO‐incompatible kidney transplantation might be significantly precipitated. That may be because of chronic, active antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). We performed kidney graft biopsies at the early phase within 90 d after living donor kidney transplantation that involved the episode and protocol biopsies and studied findings of graft biopsy specimens when compared with ABO incompatible and compatible involving non‐identical and identical transplantations. In ABO‐incompatible transplant cases, the ratio occurring glomerulitis, especially severe injury of g 2–3, was significantly higher than that of identical and non‐identical transplant cases (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in t score, i score, ptc score and v score between three transplant groups. The cases occurring AMR were concordant with the cases recognized with severe glomerulitis. AMR was difficult to be diagnosed by C4d analysis in ABO‐incompatible transplant cases. Glomerular injury score, g score, may be considered as more significant and the injury should be cured thoroughly.
Outcomes of surgical repair of bile leaks and strictures after adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplant
Authors: Melcher Marc L. , Freise Chris E. , Ascher Nancy L. , Roberts John P. 
Published: June 2010

Melcher ML, Freise CE, Ascher NL, Roberts JP. Outcomes of surgical repair of bile leaks and strictures after adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplant.  Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E230–E235. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  We sought to determine factors that predict the successful surgical repair of biliary complications after adult living donor liver transplantation (ALDLT).Methods:  Records of 82 consecutive ALDLT right lobe recipients were reviewed. Operations were performed on 19 recipients for biliary complications. Post‐operative biliary complications were analyzed. Fisher’s exact test was used to identify variables that correlated with successful surgical repair.Results:  A total of 29 recipients had biliary complications, of which 19 had a surgical repair. The five recipients, operated on for a stricture without history of leaks, did not develop further complications. However, nine of 14 with a history of a leak developed further complications after surgical repair (p‐value = 0.044). All five who presented with a biliary complication more than 100 d after transplant had successful surgical repair; however, nine out of 13 who presented within 57 d had additional complications after repair.Conclusions:  Operations for strictures after ALDLT are more successful than operations for leaks. Recipients with isolated biliary strictures after ALDLT can be managed surgically; however, recipients with history of a leak often require additional interventions after surgical repair.
Female mate preferences inDrosophila simulans: evolution and costs
Authors: SHARMA M. D. , TREGENZA T. , HOSKEN D. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFemale mate preference is central to sexual selection, and all indirect benefit models require that there is genetic variation in female preference. This has rarely been tested however, with relatively few studies documenting heritable variation in female preference and even fewer that have directly selected on mate preference to unequivocally show that it can evolve. Additionally, costs of mate preference are poorly understood even though these have implications for preference evolution. We selected on female preference forebony‐males in replicateDrosophila simulanslines, and generated a rapid evolutionary response in both replicates, with the proportion of females mating withebony‐males increasing from approximately 5% to 30% after five generations of selection. This increase was independent of changes inebony‐males as only females were included in our selection regime. We could detect no cost to mate preference itself other than that associated with the fitness consequences of mating withebonymales.