bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machinability performance of different fiber orientations of roll wrapped CFRP pipes
Authors: Yılmaz Merve , Kılınçel Mert , Şirin Şenol 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntegrating fiber reinforcement plastics (FRP) materials into the industry plays a key role especially for pipes. However, due to the production methods of CFRP pipes, surface finishing processes are inevitable at the end of production. Despite the widespread use of CFRP materials, the predominant focus in the literature has been on their mechanical performance. This study aims to contribute to the limited research on the machinability of CFRP materials. In this context, the turning machining process for CFRP pipes was experimentally investigated in the present study. For this purpose, carbon fiber pipes with an inner diameter of 30 mm and an outer diameter of 60 mm were produced and subjected to computer numerical control (CNC) turning. First, a cylindrical aluminum pipe is used as a mold to manufacture CFRP pipes. Unidirectional (UD) carbon fabrics were wrapped on these aluminum molds. Shrink tape was used to enhance the surface smoothness and required pressure to prevent delaminating of the end product during the process. UD carbon fabrics are wrapped on to the mold at the selected angles (0°, 45°, and 90°) and the CFRP pipe specimens were manufactured using epoxy matrix. Pipes were processed on CNC lathe at 120, 160, 200 rev/min speeds and f 0.4 mm/rev feed rate. The surfaces of the machined specimens were measured with a microscope and a surface roughness device. On the other hand, wear on the tools was observed after the process.Highlights
CFRP pipes were produced with different fibre orientations, i.e., 0°, 45°, and 90°.
All CFRP pipes are made under equal conditions and cured at 80°.
Turning of CFRP pipes was examined under dry environments.
Performance criteria: surface roughness, temperature, tool wear, and chip formation were explored.
45° fibre angles CFRP pipes showed the best machinability performance.
Estimating catchment‐scale sediment storage in a large River Basin, Colorado River, USA
Authors: Kemper John T. , Knox Richard , Raffae Muhammad , Schulz Evan , Bailey Ryan , Morrison Ryan R. , Wohl Ellen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCatchment‐scale sediment storage is conceptualized as increasing in magnitude downstream, although reach‐scale controls may override this trend. We use empirical data from a literature review and two numerical models to quantitatively estimate sediment storage across the Colorado River Basin, USA. We use assumed alluvial thickness with floodplains delineated in the GFPLAIN model from 30 m digital elevation models. We use the SWAT+ model based on model‐estimated (i) groundwater storage and (ii) sediment storage. Existing studies indicate that sediment stored in floodplains and on low terraces is ~0.3–6 m thick. A first‐order approximation of volumetric storage capacity for natural floodplains is ~105 m3 per km. Sediment storage volumes of floodplains are ~108–1011 m3 over river lengths of 101–103 m. For the modeling estimates, we evaluated sediment storage by stream order and by elevation band within the Upper and Lower Colorado River Basins. Comparisons among the outputs cause us to place more confidence in the GFPLAIN and SWAT+ aquifer volume estimates. Each method includes substantial uncertainty and constitutes a first‐order approximation. Results suggest using 21 and 130 billion cubic meters as approximate lower and upper bounds for total sediment storage in the Upper Basin and 314 and 482 billion cubic meters as approximate lower and upper bounds for the Lower Basin. The largest proportion of sediment is stored in the montane and steppe zones in the Upper Basin and in the Sonoran zone in the Lower Basin.
Increasing subsequences of linear size in random permutations and the Robinson–Schensted tableaux of permutons
Authors: Dubach Victor 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study of longest increasing subsequences (LIS) in permutations led to that of Young diagrams via Robinson–Schensted's (RS) correspondence. In a celebrated paper, Vershik and Kerov obtained a limit theorem for such diagrams and found that the LIS of a uniform permutation of size behaves as . Independently and much later, Hoppen et al. introduced the theory of permutons as a scaling limit of permutations. In this paper, we extend in some sense the RS correspondence of permutations to the space of permutons. When the “RS‐tableaux” of a permuton are non‐trivial, we show that the RS‐tableaux of random permutations sampled from this permuton exhibit a linear behavior, in the sense that their first rows and columns have lengths of linear order. In particular, the LIS of such permutations behaves as a multiple of . We also prove some large deviation results for these convergences. Finally, by studying asymptotic properties of Fomin's algorithm for permutations, we show that the RS‐tableaux of a permuton satisfy a partial differential equation.
A Synthetic Approach to Synthesize Furan‐2‐Carboxylate Derivatives by Using a Magnetic Sodium Aluminate Catalyst
Authors: Damyard Ahmadreza , Zahedifar Mahboobeh , Akbari Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel and efficient procedure has been developed to synthesize furan‐2‐carboxylate derivatives through a one‐pot condensation of chloroacetate derivatives, 1,3‐diketones, and chloroform in the presence of magnetic sodium aluminate 40 wt. % (Aluminate NP‐40). The synthesized heterogeneous catalyst can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture by applying an external magnetic field. Magnetic aluminate NP catalysts provide a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective method for synthesizing furan‐2‐carboxylate derivatives. Additionally, the catalyst is stable and can be reused multiple times without losing its catalytic properties. High product yields in a short experimental time and easy workup are other advantages of the present method. All synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy.
An Efficient Biocatalytic Preparation of a Key Chiral Intermediate to the Anti‐Epileptic Drug Cenobamate Using an In‐House Recombinant Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Authors: Assaf Camille , Kurmis Karolis , Thomas Wimsey Christopher , Adi Reddy Dwarampudi , Kumar Madhra Mukesh , Bycroft Matthew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this investigation, the preparation of the chiral intermediate, (R)‐1‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(2 H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)ethan‐1‐ol (2 a), a precursor to the anti‐epileptic drug Cenobamate, was demonstrated using a very efficient alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme from a simple ketone substrate. The enzyme, ADH107604 from Streptomyces coelicolor (ScADH), identified from Dr. Reddy's in‐house collection of biocatalysts, showed excellent activity against the ketone 1‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐(2 H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)ethan‐1‐one 1, and the (R)‐alcohol product 2 a was obtained with excellent conversion and enantiomeric excess (ee) >99 %.
Indium Triflate's Transformative Role in Modern Organic Synthesis: A Five‐Year Survey of Functionalization, Cyclization, and Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Jamshaid Sana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndium triflate (In(OTf)3) has proven to be a powerful and sustainable catalyst in the synthesis of modern organic compounds, enabling a variety of transformations such as functionalization, cyclization, and multicomponent reactions. To provide insight into the most recent methods and applications, this study attempts to provide a comprehensive and up‐to‐date summary of these advances in the application of indium triflate as a catalyst in organic synthesis, focusing on the last five years of literature. The application of indium triflate as opposed to alternative indium(III) catalysts in organic transformations will be the main emphasis of this review, which will cover recent developments through research articles and reviews published between 2019 and 2023. This minireview will make a significant contribution to the existing literature by consolidating recent advancements in the use of indium triflate in modern organic synthesis.
[3+2] Cycloaddition of N‐benzylazomethine Methylide with Various Arylidene‐Azolones
Authors: Tiushina Irina V. , Sokolov Anatolii I. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Dubinnyi Maxim A. , Ivanov Dmitrii S. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Mikhaylov Andrey A. , Baranov Mikhail S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpirocyclic skeletons are highly attractive for design of biologically active compounds. [3+2] Cycloaddition of N‐benzylazomethine methylide with various arylidene‐azolones achieve to synthesize promising series of substituted spirocyclic structures. Systematic study of the scope and stereochemical outcome of [3+2]‐cycloaddition was performed.
Investigations on the Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) as Promoters for the Conjugate Addition of α‐Nitroketones to Electron‐Poor Alkenes
Authors: Gentili Dario , Marcantoni Enrico , Tiecco Matteo , Palmieri Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDESs were profitably investigated as solvents and promoters of the conjugate reaction addition of cyclic and acyclic α‐nitroketones to a variety of electron‐poor alkenes. The best results were obtained conducing the reaction in betaine:1,2‐propanediol (1 : 5 molar ratio) DES at room temperature, and enones were demonstrated to be the most effective Michael acceptors. The same reaction conducted by using different molar ratios of the components in this DES showed the eutectic point to be the most effective in terms of the yields observed.
Improving NiFe Electrocatalysts through Fluorination‐Driven Rearrangements for Neutral Water Electrolysis
Authors: Yu Jidong , Li Jiamin , Gao Rui‐Ting , Yang Yang , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNeutral electrolysis to produce hydrogen is prime challenging owing to the sluggish kinetics of water dissociation for the electrochemical reduction of water to molecular hydrogen. An ion‐enriched electrode/electrolyte interface for electrocatalytic reactions can efficiently obtain a stable electrolysis system. Herein, we found that interfacial accumulated fluoride ions and the anchored Pt single atoms/nanoparticles in catalysts can improve hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity of NiFe‐based hydroxide catalysts, prolonging the operating stability at high current density in neutral conditions. NiFe hydroxide electrode obtains an outstanding performance of 1000 mA cm−2 at low overpotential of 218 mV with 1000 h operation at 100 mA cm−2. Electrochemical experiments and theoretical calculations have demonstrated that the interfacial fluoride contributes to promote the adsorption of Pt to proton for sustaining a large current density at low potential, while the Pt single atoms/nanoparticles provide H adsorption sites. The synergy effect of F and Pt species promotes the formation of Pt─H and F─H bonds, which accelerate the adsorption and dissociation process of H2O and promote the HER reaction with a long‐term durability in neutral conditions.
Lost in Rotation: How TiO2 and ZnO Nanoparticles Disrupt Coordinated Epithelial Cell Rotation
Authors: Koh Jie Yan Cheryl , Chen Liuying , Gong Lingyan , Tan Shao Jie , Hou Han Wei , Tay Chor Yong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCoordinated cell movement is a cardinal feature in tissue organization that highlights the importance of cells working together as a collective unit. Disruptions to this synchronization can have far‐reaching pathological consequences, ranging from developmental disorders to tissue repair impairment. Herein, it is shown that metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), even at low and non‐toxic doses (1 and 10 µg mL−1), can perturb the coordinated epithelial cell rotation (CECR) in micropatterned human epithelial cell clusters via distinct nanoparticle‐specific mechanisms. Zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs are found to induce significant levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to promote mitogenic activity. Generation of a new localized force field through changes in the cytoskeleton organization and an increase in cell density leads to the arrest of CECR. Conversely, epithelial cell clusters exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs maintain their CECR directionality but display suppressed rotational speed in an autophagy‐dependent manner. Thus, these findings reveal that nanoparticles can actively hijack the nano‐adaptive responses of epithelial cells to disrupt the fundamental mechanics of cooperation and communication in a collective setting.
Solvated Electrons Generated on the Surface of Na‐SPHI for Boosting Visible Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution with Ultra‐High AQE
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Ge Dachuan , Zhang Hui , Shangguan Li , Mou Zhigang , Xia Feifei , Sun Jianhua , Liu Xiaofeng , Su Yuyu , Lei Weiwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEnhancing the utilization of visible‐light‐active semiconductors with an excellent apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) remains a significant and challenging goal in the realm of photocatalytic water splitting. In this study, a fully condensed sulfur‐doped poly(heptazine imide) metalized with Na (Na‐SPHI) is synthesized by an ionothermal method by using eutectic NaCl/LiCl mixture as the ionic solvent. Comprehensive characterizations of the obtained Na‐SPHI reveal several advantageous features, including heightened light absorption, facilitated exciton dissociation, and expedited charge transfer. More importantly, solvated electron, powerful reducing agents, can be generated on the surface of Na‐SPHI upon irradiation with visible light. Benefiting from above advantage, the Na‐SPHI exhibits an excellent H2 evolution rate of 571.8 µmol·h−1 under visible light illumination and a super‐high AQE of 61.7% at 420 nm. This research emphasizes the significance of the solvated electron on the surface of photocatalyst in overcoming the challenges associated with visible light‐driven photocatalysis, showcasing its potential application in photocatalytic water splitting.
Bioinspired H‐Bonding Connected Gradient Nanostructure Actuators Based on Cellulose Nanofibrils and Graphene
Authors: Yang Zhangqin , Wang Yuting , Lan Lidan , Wang Yuyan , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe construction of flexible actuators with ultra‐fast actuation and robust mechanical properties is crucial for soft robotics and smart devices, but still remains a challenge. Inspired by the unique mechanism of pinecones dispersing seeds in nature, a hygroscopic actuator with interlayer network‐bonding connected gradient structure is fabricated. Unlike most conventional bilayer actuator designs, the strategy leverages biobased polyphenols to construct strong interfacial H‐bonding networks between 1D cellulose nanofibers and 2D graphene oxide, endowing the materials with high tensile strength (172 MPa) and excellent toughness (6.64 MJ m−3). Furthermore, the significant difference in hydrophilicity between GO and rGO, along with the dense interlayer H‐bonding, enables ultra‐fast water exchange during water absorption and desorption processes. The resulted actuator exhibits ultra‐fast driving speed (154° s−1), excellent pressure‐resistant and cyclic stability. Taking advantages of these benefits, the actuator can be fabricated into smart devices (such as smart grippers, humidity control switches) with significant potential for practical applications. The presented approach to constructing interlayer H‐bonding in gradient structures is instructive for achieving high performance and functionalization of biomass nanomaterials and the complex of 1D/2D nanomaterials.
High‐Branched Natural Polysaccharide Flaxseed Gum Binder for Silicon‐Based Lithium‐Ion Batteries with High Capacity
Authors: Zhou Wenbo , Zhang Renwei , Yu Shijie , Peng Zexuan , Zuo Caixin , Yang Wenjuan , Li Yafeng , Wei Mingdeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSilicon‐based anodes heavily depend on the binder to preserve the unbroken electrode structure. In the present work, natural flaxseed gum (FG) is used as a binder of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) anode for the first time. Owing to a large number of polar groups and a rich branched structure, this material not only anchors tightly to the surface of SiNPs through bonding interactions but also formed a hydrogen bonding network structure among molecules. As a result, the FG binder can endow the silicon electrode with stable interfacial adhesion and outstanding mechanical properties. In addition, FG with a high viscosity facilitates the homogeneous dispersion of the electrode components. When FG is used as a binder, the cycling performance of the Si anode is greatly improved. After one hundred cycles at an applied current density of 1 A g−1, the electrode continues to display remarkable electrochemical properties with a significant cyclic capacity (2213 mA h g−1) and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 89.7%.
The impact of high school science pedagogies on students' STEM career interest and on their ratings of teacher quality
Authors: Chen Chen , Said Tamer , Sadler Philip M. , Perry Anthony , Sonnert Gerhard 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study examines the often‐heard assumption in science teaching that some pedagogies in science classrooms can serve a dual function—improve the student‐perceived teacher quality and improve students' affinity to STEM professions. We asked 7507 freshmen from 40 colleges in the United States, selected in a stratified random procedure, to retrospectively report their experiences of a list of 32 pedagogies during high school biology, chemistry, and physics classes. Our survey also asked students to rate each teachers' quality and to report their Science, Technology, Engineering, or Mathematics career interests at the beginning and end of high school. We found that teachers' chosen pedagogies, on the whole, had a stronger impact on how students rated them than on students' career interests. Interestingly, we also found considerable differences between the disciplines.
The atmospheric ‘cold blob’ over Fennoscandia from October 2023 to January 2024
Authors: Rantanen Mika , Hyvärinen Otto , Vajda Andrea , Karpechko Alexey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBetween October 2023 and January 2024, a remarkably persistent cold air anomaly prevailed over Fennoscandia on an otherwise record‐warm planet. This article describes the temperature anomalies, atmospheric circulation and seasonal predictions associated with the cold blob. The 4‐month period from October to January was the third coldest in Fennoscandia during the ongoing century. The cold blob was associated with anomalous atmospheric circulation; for example, jet stream wind speeds were exceptionally high south of Fennoscandia. Furthermore, seasonal forecasts failed to capture the cold blob, which may be related to difficulties in simulating El Niño teleconnections by long‐range forecasting systems.
Recovery rates of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction using psychophysical assessment: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Tervo Jeremy P. , Jacobson Patricia T. , Vilarello Brandon J. , Saak Tiana M. , Caruana Francesco F. , Gallagher Liam W. , Gary Joseph B. , Gudis David A. , Joseph Paule V. , Devanand D.P. , Goldberg Terry E. , Overdevest Jonathan B. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesPersistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) following loss of smell associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is a major feature of long COVID. Perspectives on the prevalence of persistent OD predominantly rely on self‐reported olfactory function. Few studies have tracked longitudinal rates of recovery using psychophysical assessment among patients presenting for evaluation of persistent OD beyond a window of acute recovery. Data anchored in standardized testing methods are needed to counsel patients who fail to acutely regain their sense of smell. This study aims to quantify the degree of persistent OD in post‐COVID‐19 patients who experience subjective and psychophysical OD.MethodsWe grouped participants presenting for OD evaluation into cohorts based on both subjective and psychophysical olfactory status at a baseline assessment and assessed their olfactory abilities with a visual analogue scale and the Sniffin' Sticks extended test at baseline and 1‐year time points. Participants had confirmed a history of COVID‐19 by lab evaluation or clinical diagnosis if lab evaluation was not available.ResultsBaseline olfactory evaluation was completed by 122 participants, 53 of whom completed the 1‐year follow‐up assessment. Among participants presenting with perceived OD, 74.5% had confirmed psychophysical OD at baseline, with 55.1% at 1‐year follow‐up. Participants had reliable trends in self‐rated versus psychophysically tested olfactory function at both time points. The total threshold, discrimination, and identification (TDI) score improved by +3.25 points in the cohort with psychophysical OD (p = 0.0005), with this improvement largely attributable to an increase in median threshold scores (+2.75 points; p = 0.0004).ConclusionsOD persists in a significant number of patients who fail to acutely recovery their sense of smell after COVID‐19, with many demonstrating lingering deficits at 1‐year. Improvements in threshold, but not discrimination or identification, most significantly mediate improvement of total TDI score at follow‐up.
Thermal entanglement in conformal junctions
Authors: Capizzi Luca , Rotaru Andrei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We consider a quantum junction described by a 1+1-dimensional boundary conformal field theory (BCFT). Our analysis focuses on correlations emerging at finite temperature, achieved through the computation of entanglement measures. Our approach relies on characterizing correlation functions of twist fields using BCFT techniques. We provide non-perturbative predictions for the crossover between low and high temperatures. An intriguing interplay between bulk and boundary effects, associated with the bulk/boundary scaling dimensions of the fields above, is found. In particular, the entanglement entropy is primarily influenced by bulk thermal fluctuations, exhibiting extensiveness for large system sizes with a prefactor independent of the scattering properties of the defect. In contrast, negativity is governed by fluctuations across the entangling points only, adhering to an area law; its value depends non-trivially on the defect, and it diverges logarithmically as the temperature is decreased. To validate our predictions, we numerically check them for free fermions on the lattice, finding good agreement.
Diffractive deep inelastic scattering at NLO in the dipole picture
Authors: Beuf Guillaume , Lappi Tuomas , Mäntysaari Heikki , Paatelainen Risto , Penttala Jani 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We compute the transverse and longitudinal diffractive structure functions to full next-to-leading order accuracy in the dipole picture of deep inelastic scattering. Our calculation uses the standard light-cone perturbation theory method for the partonic content of the virtual photon, together with the Color Glass Condensate description of the target color field. Our result includes as a subset the $$q\overline{q }g$$ contribution calculated earlier. We show that there is a rapidity divergence that can be factorized into the BK/JIMWLK evolution of the target Wilson lines, and that all other divergences cancel.
Building more mathematico in Renaissance Venice
Authors: Monteleone Cosimo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the mid-fifteenth century, Venice inherited Cardinal Bessarione’s collection of ancient manuscripts, an exceptional legacy that contributed to the renewal of mathematical studies. This essay outlines the spread of mathematics in Venice in the early Renaissance, when scholars actively discussed Euclid and universal proportions. Based on this cultural context, the author briefly analyzes the role of polyhedra and an example of the application of proportions to architecture: the church of San Francesco della Vigna in Venice. This church is an interesting and rare case of ‘declared’ application of proportions to architecture, since we have specific indications in Francesco Zorzi’s memorandum written in 1535.