bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sicherheit gegen Rissentstehung in statisch beanspruchten Stahlkonstruktionen
Authors: Volz Michael , Saal Helmut , Steidl Frank 
Published: April 2011

AbstractDie in den im Stahlbau zur Vermeidung von Sprödbrüchen neu eingeführten bruchmechanischen Regeln getroffene Voraussetzung, dass bereits ein Riss in der Konstruktion vorhanden ist, gibt für vorwiegend ruhend beanspruchte Konstruktionen die Veranlassung, ein Kriterium für die Rissenstehung zu suchen. Dieses ergibt sich als Kriterium für die erste Hauptdehnung, wobei deren kritischer Wert von Parametern abhängt, die den Bruch beeinflussen. Dazu werden bei Variation dieser Parameter Versuche und nichtlineare FE‐Berechnungen durchgeführt. Variiert werden: die Form und die Dicke der Versuchskörper, die Festigkeit und die Kerbschlagzähigkeit des Stahls sowie die Prüftemperatur. Es werden sowohl ungeschweißte wie auch geschweißte Proben untersucht. Daraus ergibt sich eine von der Mehrachsigkeit des Spannungszustandes, der Temperatur, der Bauteildicke sowie der Festigkeit und der Zähigkeit des Stahls abhängige Funktion für den Wert der ersten Hauptdehnung, bei der die Rissentstehung zu erwarten ist. Mit der Mehrachsigkeit werden auch die Schweißeigenspannungen erfasst.Safety against crack initiation in steel structures without fatigue loading. When fracture mechanics is used for selection of steels to avoid brittle fracture the indispensable crack assumption the question of crack initiation arises with structures without fatigue loading. The crack initiation is assumed to depend upon the maximum principal strain, where the critical value of the principal strain is a function of several determining factors. Experimental tests and accompanying nonlinear FE‐analyses are performed with unwelded and welded specimens with variation of: shape, thickness of specimens, strength and Charpy impact toughness of the steel and test temperature. The consideration of triaxiality of the stress state and maximum principal strain obtained from the nonlinear FE‐analysis for the load at crack initiation in the test together with the other test parameters leads to a criterion for crack initiation which gives the critical maximum principal strain as a function of triaxiality, temperature, strength, impact toughness and thickness of the material. This includes the effect of welding residual stresses by their effect on the triaxiality of the stress state.
Fuzzy intertransaction class association rule mining using Genetic Network Programming for stock market prediction
Authors: Yang Yuchen , Mabu Shingo , Shimada Kaoru , Hirasawa Kotaro 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntertransaction class association rule (interCAR) has the ability to find the relationships among attributes from different transactions, which has shown its effectiveness for stock market prediction. A crisp interCAR mining method based on Genetic Network Programming (GNP) has been studied in our previous work. But, the crisp method loses much useful information in the discretization and it has many unstable factors influencing the prediction results, so more information is desired in order to make the prediction safer and more efficient. In this paper, a fuzzy interCAR mining method is proposed to keep as much information as possible in the data transformation. Besides, the proposed method has ability that the trading actions bring large profits. The proposed method is applied to Tokyo Stock Exchange, where we compared it with the crisp method as well as some other methods. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of waterborne acephate exposure on antioxidant responses and acetylcholinesterase activities in Synechogobius hasta
Authors: Liu X.‐J. , Luo Z. , Zheng J.‐L. , Xiong B.‐X. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the 24, 48, 72, and 96‐h median lethal concentration (LC50) of acephate and investigate the antioxidant response and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in liver, gill, and spleen of Synechogobius hasta exposed to 0 (control), 5, and 10 mg/L acephate, at the fixed interval time of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. LC50 value was 60.83 mg/L at 24 h, 51.36 mg/L at 48 h, 47.07 mg/L at 72 h and 40.13 mg/L at 96 h, respectively. Dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), AChE activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in these tissues for the control remained stable over the exposure period. However, for the two tested groups, tissue‐, dose‐, and time‐dependent responses of these parameters were observed in S. hasta. In general, hepatic SOD and CAT activities were significantly inhibited at 24 h, activated, and increased at 48 h, but again inhibited from 48 to 96 h in fish exposed to the two tested concentrations. Hepatic MDA levels of fish for the two tested concentration peaked at 48 h, significantly higher than the control. Hepatic AChE activity was inhibited at 24 h, peaked at 48 h, and then declined at 72 h for the two tested groups. For gills, the highest SOD and CAT activities for the two tested groups were observed at 48 h, higher than the control. AChE activities for the two tested groups were significantly inhibited at 24 h, but activated at 48 h. At 96 h, AChE activities among the treatments showed no significant differences. Gill MDA levels at 48 h for the tested groups were significantly higher than the control, but showed no significant differences at 24 and 72 h among the treatments. In spleen, SOD and CAT activities at 48 h for the two tested groups were significantly higher than those in the control, but at 96 h the vice versa was true. Spleenic AChE activities and MDA levels for the two tested groups were inhibited at 24 h, activated at 48 h, and then were again inhibited at 72 h. Based on these observations earlier, the results obtained in our study will have important toxicological implications for waterborne acephate pollution and, meantime, provide the basis for the effective risk assessment of acephate in water environment and appropriate safety recommendations for fish. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2013.
PND: a p‐persistent neighbor discovery protocol in wireless networks
Authors: Kim Kyunghwi , Roh Heejun , Lee Wonjun , Lee Sinjae , Du Ding‐Zhu 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIn wireless communications research, a number of literature assume that every node knows all of its neighbor nodes. To this end, neighbor discovery research has been conducted, but it still has room for improvement in terms of discovery delay. Furthermore, prior work has overlooked energy efficiency, which is considered as the critical factor in wireless devices or appliances. For better performance with respect to the discovery delay and energy efficiency, we proposed a novel p‐persistent‐based neighbor discovery protocol and devised a simple and light algorithm estimating the number of neighbor nodes to support the proposed protocol. Our protocol requires a lower delay and a smaller number of messages for the discovery process than the existing protocols. For extensive performance evaluation, we adopted extra comparison targets from other research areas within the same context. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cascading effects of larval Crucian carp introduction on phytoplankton and microbial communities in a paddy field: top‐down and bottom‐up controls
Authors: Nishimura Yoko , Ohtsuka Taisuke , Yoshiyama Kohei , Nakai Daisuke , Shibahara Fujiyoshi , Maehata Masayoshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEffects of fish predation propagate through aquatic food webs, where the classical grazing food chain and microbial loop are interwoven by trophic interactions. The overall impact on aquatic food webs is further complicated because fish may also exert bottom‐up controls through nutrient regeneration. Yet, we still have limited information about cascading effects among fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and microbes. In this study, we performed a mesocosm experiment to evaluate effects of fish introduction on plankton communities. Six plots were set in factorial combination with fish introduction and rice straw plowing in a paddy field, and the experiment was continued for 4 weeks. Introduction of fish significantly increased chlorophyll a concentrations in smaller size fractions (<15 μm) and abundances of filamentous bacteria (>5 μm in length) and heterotrophic nanoflagellates in 3–15 μm fraction. Microbes in 0.8–3 μm fraction showed increasing but not significant trends in response to fish introduction. These results indicate cascading effects of fish predation operating via two pathways, one through grazing food chain and the other through microbial food web. Phytoplankton community compositions shifted in similar fashion in all plots until 1 week after fish introduction, and then diverged between plots with and without fish thereafter. Bottom‐up effects of fish introduction were suggested by increases of total chlorophyll a and inedible phytoplankton species in response to fish introduction. This study provides an example of how fish predation regulates biomass and structure of phytoplankton and microbial communities.
Structure and Function of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in the Tree Shrew
Authors: Liu Huirong , Wu Gang , Zhou Bing , Chen Baosheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). To study on the structure and function of CETP in the tree shrew, a kind of animal resistant to atherosclerosis, we completed the cloning of the full‐length tree‐shrew CETP cDNA sequence based on the reported partial sequence. The full‐length cDNA of tree shrew CETP was 1,704 bp and the deduced protein of the cDNA showed a sequence identity of 81, 80 and 74%, respectively, with the human, monkey and rabbit CETP. The level of CETP mRNA in the liver was much more abundant than that in the other tissues. A mutant protein with a substitution of Asn at position 110 by Gln was found to possess an impaired secretion property compared with the wild‐type tree shrew CETP. The mutant proteins, respectively, with a substitution of Pro at position 344 by Ser and a substitution of Gln at position 452 by Arg displayed similar secretion ability, but a decreased cholesteryl ester transfer capability compared with the wild type (48 and 26% lower, respectively). These findings demonstrate that liver is the main tissue synthesizing CETP in the tree shrew. Asn at position 110 plays an important role in the secretion of tree shrew CETP. The residues at position 344 and 452 play essential roles in cholesteryl ester transferring process.
Separation and Determination of Wax Content Using 100‐Å Phenogel Column
Authors: Aryusuk Kornkanok , Chumsantea Salisa , Sombatsuwan Piraporn , Lilitchan Supathra , Krisnangkura Kanit 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRice bran wax (RBW) is a by product of rice bran oil refinery. Crude RBW from refineries in Thailand had only 20–40% of the wax ester. The major impurity was triglyceride (TG). Purification of RBW requires a rapid and reliable method of analysis. In this study, a modified size exclusion HPLC column (100‐Å Phenogel) was reported. Degree swellings of the gel matrix were controlled by isooctane–toluene mobile phase ratio. With pure toluene as the mobile phase, the gel matrix is fully swollen. Wax and TG could not be separated. With 65:35 (v/v) of isooctane–toluene, wax and TG as well as other lipids were baseline separated. The resolution (Rs) between wax and TG was greater than 1.5. Acetic acid (0.1% or higher) in the mobile phase could suppress peak tailing and improved separation of the lipid containing active hydroxyl groups such as free fatty acid, diglyceride and monoglyceride without affecting retention times of the wax and the TG. Separation of lipids in crude RBW could be completed in a single run on the modified Phenogel column (100 Å) with the total analysis time less than 15 min. The relationship between the amount of wax in the sample and the peak area was linear with the R2 greater than 0.98.
The Importance of a Holistic Approach During the Perioperative Period
Authors: Selimen Deniz , Andsoy Isil Isik 
Published: April 2011

AbstractHolism is the philospophy of understanding people by addressing factors that affect people in all situations. The goal of holistic nursing is to help patients integrate appropriate self‐care into their lives. By providing holistic care, the perioperative nurse can help surgical patients experience fewer problems (eg, surgical trauma, pain, anesthetic complications), reach discharge more quickly, attain satisfaction with health care, and more easily resume normal activities. Holistic nursing may include the use of music, guided imagery, therapeutic massage, play therapy, touch therapy, and communication skills. Successful surgery for the patient means not only recovering but regaining physical, mental, and spiritual health as a whole.
Perioperative Pharmacology: A Focus on Aminoglycosides
Authors: Bruce Kellie , Hicks Rodney W. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAminoglycosides are used to treat aerobic gram‐negative infections and can be administered with other antibiotics to treat resistant gram‐positive infections. Aminoglycosides are most often administered topically or parenterally. During the surgical period, surgeons may use aminoglycosides to irrigate wounds or may apply them directly to surgical incisions. Because aminoglycosides are excreted almost exclusively via the renal system, health care providers must carefully consider the patient's renal function before selecting these medications for treatment. Aminoglycosides can produce several significant adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Perioperative nurses should familiarize themselves with aminoglycosides, particularly focusing on dosage, monitoring requirements, and effects in special populations.
Effects of Pavement Roughness on Rigid Pavement Stress
Authors: Kuo C.-M. , Fu C.-R. , Chen K.-Y. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTPavement roughness causes pavement stress fluctuation along the road. However, the dynamic effects were not taken into account in most pavement design and studies. To investigate the influences of roadway roughness on pavement stresses, this study developed a coupled system consisting of a quarter-car model and an equivalent lump pavement model. The coupled system also incorporated measured road profiles. By means of transfer function in frequency domain, the deflections and stresses of pavements were computed in seconds. The results were validated with Westergaard's solutions satisfactorily. It was found that the critical roughness, which might cause extreme responses, is related to the vehicle speed and suspension of vehicles. The maximum tension at the bottom of pavements also depends on the size of bump. In addition, the study demonstrates the correlation between roughness index, IRI, and ISO roughness classifications. It was also found that disturbance due to model boundary affects simulation results significantly.
Phase Change Effects on Transport Processes in Resistance Spot Welding
Authors: Wei P. S. , Wu T. H. , Hsieh S. S. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTThe effects of distinct properties during phase change on mass, momentum, energy, species, and magnetic field intensity transport in workpieces and electrodes in the course of heating, melting, cooling and freezing periods in AC (alternative current) resistance spot welding are realistically and extensively investigated. Resistance spot welding has been widely used in joining thin workpieces due to its light weight and easy manufacturing. This study accounts for electromagnetic force, heat generations at the electrode-workpiece interface and faying surface between workpieces, and dynamic electrical resistance taking the sum of temperature-dependent bulk resistance of the workpieces and contact resistances at the faying surface and electrode-workpiece interface. The contact resistance is a function of hardness, temperature, electrode force, and surface condition. Instead of dealing with specific materials, this work is a general dimensionless investigation of resistance spot welding of materials with different specific heat and thermal conductivity ratios subject to realistic working parameters. The computed results show that nugget formation is delayed and heat transfer is reduced by increasing solid-to-liquid thermal conductivity and liquid-to-solid specific heat ratio. The corresponding thermal fields and flow patterns are also presented.
A New Algorithm on the Solutions of Forced Convective Heat Transfer in a Semi-Infinite Flat Plate
Authors: Tsai P.-Y. , Chen C.-K. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to solve the velocity and temperature fields in the thermal boundary layer flow over a semi-infinite flat plate. Both the flow and heat transfer solutions are calculated accurately by the Laplace Adomian decomposition method, Padé approximant and the optimal design concept. The Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM) is a combination of the numerical Laplace transform algorithm with the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). A hybrid method of the LADM combined with the Padé approximant, named the LADM-Padé approximant technique, is introduced to solve the thermal boundary layer problems directly without any small parameter assumptions, linearizatons or transformations of the boundary value problems to a pair of initial value problems. The LADM-Padé approximant solutions here in are given to show the accuracy in comparison with different method solutions.
Poliheuristic Theory and Crisis Decision Making: A Comparative Analysis of Turkey with China
Authors: Sandal Nukhet A. , Zhang Enyu , James Carolyn C. , James Patrick 
Published: March 2011

Abstract.Poliheuristic theory (PH) is an innovative attempt to conceptualize decision making in a way that recognizes patterns deriving from both cognitive and rational schools of thought about how foreign policy is made. Crisis decision making, a setting in which the political aspects emphasized by PH can be expected to operate, is the subject of this article. The study focuses on Turkey and China, two important states that frequently are characterized as sui generis and possibly unsuited to comparative analysis in the context of any overarching theory. As will become apparent, PH is capable of explaining crisis decision making for China and Turkey and the common pattern we explore is perhaps only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to cross-national application of the theory within the crisis domain.Résumé.La théorie poliheuristique (PH) est une tentative novatrice de concevoir la prise de décision en reconnaissant l'apport des modes de comportement issus des écoles de pensée cognitive et rationnelle. Cet article porte sur la politique étrangère en temps de crise et offre un cadre politique au sein duquel les modes de comportement identifiés par la théorie poliheuristique devraient normalement opérer. Plus particulièrement, l'étude se concentre sur le cas de la Chine et de la Turquie, deux États souvent considérés comme singuliers et possiblement inadaptés à l'analyse théorique de la politique étrangère comparée. Toutefois, comme cet article le démontre, la PH est en mesure d'expliquer de manière comparée la prise de décision de la Chine et de la Turquie en temps de crise. Les conclusions de recherche laissent penser que cette étude pourrait bien être le prélude de nombreuses recherches employant la PH dans le domaine de la politique étrangère comparée en temps de crise.
Thecopiaretrotransposon and horizontal transfer inDrosophila willistoni
Authors: RUBIN P. M. , LORETO E. L. S. , CARARETO C. M. A. , VALENTE V. L. S. 
Published: March 2011

SummaryThe copia element is a retrotransposon that is hypothesized to have been horizontally transferred fromDrosophila melanogasterto some populations ofDrosophila willistoniin Florida. Here we have used PCR and Southern blots to screen for sequences similar tocopiaelement in South American populations ofD. willistoni, as well as in strains previously shown to be carriers of the element. We have not found the canonical copia element in any of these populations. Unlike thePelement, which invaded theD. melanogastergenome fromD. willistoniand quickly spread worldwide, the canonicalcopiaelement appears to have transferred in the opposite direction and has not spread. This may be explained by differences in the requirements for transposition and in the host control of transposition.
Computing statistical indices for hydrothermal times using weed emergence data
Authors: CAO R. , FRANCISCO-FERNÁNDEZ M. , ANAND A. , BASTIDA F. , GONZÁLEZ-ANDÚJAR J. L. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYHydrothermal time (HTT) is a valuable environmental synthesis to predict weed emergence. However, weed scientists face practical problems in determining the best soil depth at which to calculate it. Two different types of measures are proposed for this: moment-based indices and probability density-based indices. Due to the monitoring process, it is not possible to observe the exact emergence time of every seedling; therefore, emergence times are not observed individually, seedling by seedling, but in an aggregated way. To address these facts, some new methods to estimate the proposed indices are derived, using grouped data estimators and kernel density estimators. The proposed methods have been exemplified with an emergence data set of Bromus diandrus. The results indicate that hydrothermal timing at 50 mm is more useful than that at 10 mm.
Soft tissue overgrowth in bone-anchored hearing aid patients: use of 8.5 mm abutment
Authors: Pelosi S , Chandrasekhar S S 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjective:To review outcomes following implantation of an 8.5 mm bone-anchored hearing aid abutment, as regards post-operative management of scalp soft tissue overgrowth.Study design:Retrospective chart review of paediatric and adult patients implanted with bone-anchored hearing aids between 2003 and 2008 who subsequently underwent revision surgery for excessive soft tissue growth.Setting:A tertiary referral centre and a private otology and neurotology clinic.Subjects:A total of 80 patients underwent bone-anchored hearing aid placement between 2003 and 2008. Of these patients, 14 had significant scalp soft tissue overgrowth unresponsive to first-line, nonsurgical local wound care.Results:Fourteen patients underwent an average of 2.1 surgical procedures each for soft tissue overgrowth around their bone-anchored hearing aid abutment. The mean time between initial implantation and revision surgery was 13.6 months. Of these 14 patients, 11 were eventually fitted with an 8.5 mm abutment. Following placement of the longer abutment, only one patient required additional surgical reduction of soft tissue overgrowth (mean follow-up time 11.8 months). All patients were able to use their bone-anchored hearing aid.Conclusion:The 8.5 mm bone-anchored hearing aid abutment is successful in preventing the need for additional surgical intervention in the small but significant number of patients with post-implantation soft tissue overgrowth. Early consideration should be given to this option when first-line soft tissue care is inadequate.
Children aged 2 ; 1 use transitive syntax to make a semantic-role interpretation in a pointing task
Authors: DITTMAR MIRIAM , ABBOT-SMITH KIRSTEN , LIEVEN ELENA , TOMASELLO MICHAEL 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThe current study used a forced choice pointing paradigm to examine whether English children aged 2 ; 1 can use abstract knowledge of the relationship between word order position and semantic roles to make an active behavioural decision when interpreting active transitive sentences with novel verbs, when the actions are identical in the target and foil video clips. The children pointed significantly above chance with novel verbs but only if the final trial was excluded. With familiar verbs the children pointed consistently above chance. Children aged 2 ; 7 did not show these tiring effects and their performance in the familiar and novel verb conditions was always equivalent.