bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study to access the effectiveness of an instructional manual on the knowledge of parents about children in relation to selected common accidents in Iran and India
Authors: Mohammadi Z K , Edraki M 
Published: March 2011

AimTo find out the effectiveness of the instructional manual in the parents on their knowledge about selected common accidents and prevention of these between children.MethodologyThe quasi-experimental research approach used for this study with pretest post-test comparative design .The sample size was 200 parents (100 from each country) of children between 1 and 15 years old. Structured questionnaire was developed for data collection. Experts from the field established content validity. Data collection were done. After administrating a pretest to the parents in the same day instructional manual was handed to the parents and some explanation about manual was given to them in 1.5 h and on the 15th day post-test was administered. Data gathered were analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics based on which interpretations were made.ResultsKnowledge score about selected common accident pretest in India was, ((mean 14.20, SD 4.33) & post-test was (mean 28.34, SD 3.33) t value: 54.6, p value <0.01) and among Iranian parents pretest was, (mean 18.75, SD 4.32) & post-test was (mean 26.06, SD 4.07) t value: −14.11, p value: <0.01]Subject wise mean gain of score between pretest and post-test about information regarding to selected common accidents: ((Traffic accident: 33.8% India, 13% Iran) (Burn: 34.5% India, 24.8% Iran) (Drowning.: 42.4% India, 9.4% Iran) (Falling down.: 38.6% India, 27.2% Iran) (Poisoning.: 35.2% India, 18.3% Iran))ConclusionThe study revealed that the instructional manual about selected common accidents and prevention of these between children was effective to increase and modifying knowledge among parents.
Return to work and work ability after injury: results from the prospective outcome of injury study
Authors: Lilley R , Derrett S , Ameratunga S , Davie G 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundReturn to work and work ability are considered major markers of rehabilitation following injury. Prolonged work absence and work disability result in significant personal and social costs, therefore improvements in return to work and work ability will have benefits for injured workers and society. The Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study (POIS) is a cohort study following the outcomes of injured New Zealanders.AimThis work-related component of the study aims to determine preinjury predictors of return to work and work ability for 2850 New Zealanders recruited into the POIS cohort.MethodsThe 2850 participants for this study comprise a sample of individuals aged 18–65 years referred to the national injury compensation scheme (ACC) for an entitlement claim (ie, injury severe enough to warrant 1 week off work or home/transportation assistance) during the period December 2007 to August 2009. Quantitative data are collected by questionnaire at 3, 5, 12 & 24 months after injury.Results and ConclusionThis presentation will discuss results from 3 and 5 month interviews describing the injury outcomes relevant to return to work and return to work ability in the cohort. Of the 2850 participants, 2618 were workforce active. Presentation of analyses examining the impact of preinjury work factors, including psychosocial and physical working conditions and employment conditions on prospective return to work and work ability following injury will be made.
Fathers' child injury prevention attitudes and practices
Authors: Brussoni M , Olsen L , Sheftel D , George A 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionFathers have a major impact on various aspects of child health and development yet little is known about their roles in preventing injuries the most significant risk to their childrens health. While parents play a large role in mitigating childhood injury risks, particularly for younger children, the role of each parent differs substantially and requires investigation.PurposeUsing a qualitative approach to develop to enhance our understanding of fathers safety-related attitudes and practices.MethodInterviews were conducted with fathers of children aged 2–7 years in British Columbia, Canada. Questions addressed fathers roles and typical activities with their children, concerns regarding child safety, safety practices, and access of safety-related resources. Grounded theory methods guided data analysis.ResultsA diverse sample of 32 fathers was interviewed. Central themes expressed by fathers included: exposure to risk plays an important role in childrens lives; accidents are part of life; not all injuries can be prevented; preventing serious injuries is important; injuries can represent learning experiences. Fathers focused on outdoor risk, rather than home-based risks and used supervision as an important strategy for injury prevention.ConclusionFathers attitudes and practices are important to consider in designing prevention programs. Building on perceptions that promote injury prevention (eg, use of supervision), and considering perceptions that challenge the perceived need for prevention in programming (eg, acceptance of injuries and risk) can help ensure the relevance and success of messages.
Motorcycle sin the Western Pacific region
Authors: Rajam K , Ogawa H 
Published: March 2011

Road traffic injuries are a threat to development in the Western Pacific region where about a quarter of the world's road traffic deaths occur. Vulnerable road users constitute the majority of road deaths, especially in low-income countries.According to a survey funded by Bloomberg Philanthropies for the Global Status Report on Road Safety, motorcyclists accounted for nearly 100 000 road traffic deaths in the region. In many countries, riders and passengers of motorcycles are over-represented in road traffic death figures in comparison to the proportion of motorcycles to the total number of vehicles. In countries such as Cambodia, the Lao People's Democratic Republic and Vietnam, where motorcycles constitute the major mode of transport, the surge in road traffic deaths in the last decade is most likely due to an escalation in the number of motorcycles.Helmet legislation and its enforcement, proper fastening of helmets and availability of low-cost certified helmets are important strategies for prevention. Countries in the region vary considerably with respect to their helmet legislation, policies to encourage walking and cycling and commitment to public transport.In the long term, effective land-use strategies and investment in public transport are important to reduce the burden of motorcycle injuries.
Risk factors contributing to road traffic crashes in a fast developing country: the neglected health problem
Authors: Burgut H R , Bener A , Sidahmed H , AlBuz R , Sanya R , Khan W Ali 
Published: March 2011

AimThe main objective of this study was to explore the patterns of road traffic crashes (RTCs) among drivers in Qatar and examine the contributing factors involved with road traffic crashes.DesignThis is a cross sectional survey.MethodsThe study based on 1228 drivers. Face to face interview was conducted by well-trained research assistants based on a questionnaire covering socio-demographic information, driving history, type of vehicle, driver behaviour, details of crashes and accident pattern.ResultsThe study revealed that 26.6% of the studied Qatari drivers were involved in RTCs. 69.4% of the drivers with history of RTCs were men. Drivers in the age group 25–34 years were involved with higher risk of having crash (31.2%). Drivers of car (45.6%), 4WD/SUV (23.5%) were more affected by the RTCs. 23.5% of drivers who had crashes were not always using seat belt while driving. Less than half of the drivers were engaged in eating and drinking (37.9%) and using mobile phone (41.9%) while driving. More than half of the drivers were involved in traffic violation (57.2%) with exceeding speed limit (25.7%). Overturn skid (17.7%), angle collision (14.3%) and rear end hit (10.7%) were the most frequently reported patterns of RTC.ConclusionThe study findings revealed the high risk of RTCs among drivers. Among the socio-demographic factors, men and young drivers of age group 25–34 years found to have a higher accident involvement.
Determinants of road traffic injuries in drivers in a rapid highly economically developing country: a major global public health crisis
Authors: Bener A , Burgut H R , Sidahmed H , AlBuz R , Sanya R , Khan W Ali 
Published: March 2011

AimThe objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of road traffic injuries (RTIs) among Qatari drivers and examine the human behavioural and environmental risk factors associated in occurrence of RTIs.DesignThis is a cross sectional survey.SettingPrimary Healthcare Centers in the State of Qatar.MethodsThis study was conducted during the period of February–July 2009. A random sample of 1800 Qatari drivers was approached and 1406 drivers responded and agreed to participate in this study, with a response rate of 78.1%. Face to face interview was conducted by well-trained research assistants based on a questionnaire covering socio-demographic information, driving history, type of vehicle, driver behaviour, severity of injuries and nature of injuries.ResultsThe study revealed that of the studied Qatari drivers (1406), 14.5% of them were injured. Young drivers in the age group 25–34 years were more involved in RTIs (35.8%). The RTIs occurred more among male drivers than females with the ratio 1.7:1 (p<0.001). Overall, 53.9% of the studied Qatari drivers were injured from traffic violations, especially with exceeding speed limit (25.9%) and parking violation (18.1%). 28.4% of the injured drivers were distracted with eating or drinking and 25% using mobile phone. Qatari drivers were more injured from overturn skid crashes (20.6%) and hitting fixed objects (14.7%). Head injuries were reported more from light vehicle crashes (33.3%) and neck injuries from Pickup and SUVs crashes (44.7%). Severe injuries were reported among Qatari drivers who had heavy vehicle crashes (43.5%).ConclusionThe study findings revealed the high risk of RTIs was among young male Qatari drivers in the age group (25–34) years. It showed that human behavioural factors represent one of the main causes of RTIs such as excessive speed and using seatbelt. Head and neck injuries were reported more among Qatari drivers.
Analysis of fatal bus crashes in Bangalore, India
Authors: Gururaj G 
Published: March 2011

Growth of motor vehicles and infrastructure expansion are hall marks of transport development in the last decade in India. Public transport buses in Bangalore city has increased from 2300 in 2002 to 5300 by 2009 with expansion of coverage, trips and users, with a corresponding increase in road crashes and deaths.The study is part of the ongoing Bangalore Road safety and Injury Prevention Programme. The objectives were to examine (1) the contribution of public transport buses in road crashes and (2) crash characteristics of collisions involving buses. Data collection were undertaken from records by trained personnel.On an average, 100–120 buses are involved in fatal collisions and 400–500 in non-fatal crashes every year, with an increase of deaths from 58 in 2000 to 113 in 2008. Nearly 85% of crashes and deaths with public buses occurred within the city/municipal roads and in 12 major geographical areas. Nearly 1/3 of deaths occurred at the crash site, 22% during transportation and 44% in the hospital. Three of four deaths included road usears of <35 years and involved pedestrians (28%), two wheeler riders (40%) and bus occupants (16.3%). Young drivers (<25 years) were involved in more crashes with median age of fleets being 8.3 years. Several risk factors in vehicles, roads, environment and among road users were identified.Public transport systems have a major responsibility and needs to have scientifically developed policies and programmes to ensure safety of citizens, both inside and outside vehicles.
A predictive screener for depression & PSTD after physical injury
Authors: Richmond T S , Ackerson T , Ruzek J , Wiebe D , Winston F , Kassam-Adams N 
Published: March 2011

AimTo develop a predictive screener that will accurately predict the future development of postinjury depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsA prospective, longitudinal cohort study of subjects randomly selected from patients requiring an Emergency Department (ED) visit for injury. A theoretically and empirically derived 45-item risk survey was administered soon after injury. A psychiatric diagnostic interview was conducted at 3 and 6 months to determine emergence of depression or PTSD. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed separately for depression and PTSD, using a best-subset approach to select models at each step by comparing log-likelihood estimates.ResultsOf 175 (of 192 enrolled) available for follow-up, 16% developed depression and 2.3% developed PTSD. A logistic model retaining four depression items and five PTSD items emerged. One item predicted both depression and PTSD; hence the final screener is eight items. Receiver operating characteristic for depression and PTSD was 0.81 each. Optimal cut-off scores were >2 (out of 4) for depression and >3 (out of 5) for PTSD. Depression findings: sensitivity 0.81, specificity 0.71, PPV 0.34, NPV 0.95. PTSD findings: sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.66, PPV 0.07, NPV 1.00.ConclusionsThirty million seek ED care annually for injury and a significant subset develop psychiatric disorders that that impede recovery. The high NPV for both depression and PTSD supports the role of this new instrument as a short, clinical screener: those who screen negative can be screened out from further monitoring, allowing precious resources to be focused on those at highest risk for the development of depression and PTSD.
Incidence and mortality of burn injuries in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Authors: Othman N , Kendrick D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundLittle is known about burns in Iraq. This study was undertaken to investigate epidemiology of burn injuries in Sulaymaniyah province with 1.7 million people.MethodsA prospective study from November 2007 to November 2008 involving all patients attending for a new burn injury.Results2975 patients were recruited (male 52%, female 48%; median age 18 years). All-age incidence of burns was 389/100 000 person-years (pys) and 1044/100 000 pys in preschool children. The mechanisms of injury included scalds (53%), flame (37%), contact (7%), chemical (1%), electrical (1%) and explosives (1%). Most burns occurred at home (83%; male 68%, female 96%). There were 884 admissions (43/100 000 pys) with a significantly higher admission rate in females (males 37, females 49) and the highest rate in preschool children (95/100 000 pys). Flame injuries accounted for most women admissions (91%) and scalds for most child admissions (84%). Overall mortality was 8/100 000 pys (males 2, females 14). Median total body surface area (TBSA) burnt was 18% and median hospital stay was 8 days. In-hospital mortality was 28%. Adjusted ORs for death were 36.4 (95% CI 15.9 to 83.3) for TBSA burnt ≥40%; 5.4 (95% CI 1.7 to 18.5) for age of 60 and over; 3.6 (95% CI 1.7 to 7.3) for inhalation injury; 5.6 (95% CI 2.5 to 12.9) for self-inflicted burns and 3.0 (95% CI 1.3 to 6.8) for autumn season.ConclusionBurns are an important public health problem in Sulaymaniyah with higher morbidity in children and mortality in women. Preventive interventions are needed focusing on childhood scalds and flame injuries in women.
Risk factors for burns in preschool children in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq: a case–control study
Authors: Othman N , Kendrick D 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundYoung children are at a higher risk of burns. This study was undertaken to investigate risk factors for burns in preschool children in Iraq.MethodsA prospective case–control study in 2008 involving children aged 0–5 years. Cases comprised hospital attenders with a burn injury occurring at home and controls comprised hospital admissions for other conditions, matched on age and sex. Analysis was undertaken using multiple logistic regression.Results248 cases and 248 controls recruited. 79% of cases were scalds, 17% contact and 4% flame injuries. Burns most commonly occurred in sitting rooms (53%) and the kitchen (36%) and were most commonly caused by tea utensils (42%) and kerosene stoves (36%). The adjusted ORs for risk factors for burns were 5.4 (95% CI 2.6 to 11.7, p=0.001) for poor living standard; 5.3 (95% CI 3.4 to 8.5, p=0.001) for child activity score; 2.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 5.2, p=0.02), for family history of burns; 1.32 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.70, p=0.04) for unit increase in presence of home hazards; 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.7, p=0.002) for presence of a second carer; and 0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.60, p=0.008) for presence of disabilities.ConclusionPoverty, child activity, home hazards, family history and absence of a second carer are significant risk factors for childhood burns. Preventive interventions addressing poor families and focusing on home safety could be effective in reducing childhood burns.
Motorcycle injuries across the USA, 2001–2008: injury comparisons and projections
Authors: Naumann R B , Dellinger A M , West B A , Annest J L , Ryan G 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundIn 2008, motor vehicle occupant deaths in the USA declined to their lowest level in the last three decades, while motorcyclist deaths increased to an all time high, more than doubling in the last 10 years.ObjectivesTo estimate the number of emergency department (ED)-treated non-fatal motorcyclist injuries in the USA between 2001 and 2008, describe important characteristics of these injuries, compare rates of non-fatal to fatal injury, and project the number of ED-treated motorcyclist injuries that may be observed in 2010 and 2020.MethodsData were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program for the years 2001 through 2008. Injuries were categorised by body part primarily affected, primary diagnoses, and ED discharge disposition. Weighted estimates and rates were calculated, and linear regression was used to estimate the number of future motorcycle injuries.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2008, an estimated 1 221 690 persons were treated in a USA ED for a non-fatal motorcycle injury. The highest injury and death rates occurred in the 20–24-year-old age group. Motorcycle death rates increased 50% from 1.29 per 100 000 persons in 2001 to 1.94 per 100 000 persons in 2008. ED-treated non-fatal motorcyclist injuries also displayed an increasing trend, and preliminary projections indicate these injuries may nearly double again from 170 000 to 320 000 annual injuries between 2008 and 2020 given current trends.DiscussionReversing the increasing trend of motorcyclist injury, death and cost across the USA will take a concerted effort among traffic safety and public health practitioners, the medical community and policymakers.
Epidemiology of overuse injuries among intercollegiate athletes
Authors: Yang J , Cheng G , Nayar S , Tibbetts A , Heiden E 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveResearch on overuse injuries has been limited among collegiate athletes. This study describes the epidemiology of overuse injuries sustained by Division I intercollegiate athletes.MethodsInjuries were identified using an ongoing injury surveillance system established for Big Ten Athletic Conference universities. A total of 1333 injuries from 21 sports teams at one university during the study period (2005–2008 seasons) were analysed. The injury type, body region and games or practices missed due to the injury were described. Injury rate was calculated as the total number of overuse injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures during the same period.ResultsA total of 387 overuse injuries (29% of all injuries) were reported during the study period, with 238 (61.5%) for females athletes and 149 (38.5%) for male athletes. The rate of overuse injuries was 18.5 per 10 000 athlete-exposures. Females had a higher overuse injury rate than males, with rate of 24.6 versus 13.3 per 10 000 athlete-exposures. The highest overuse injury rates were observed in women field hockey, softball, women soccer and volleyball, with rates of 70.5, 56.7, 48.3 and 42.6 per 10 000 athlete-exposures, respectively. The most frequent injured body region was lower extremities. The most common injuries were general stress, inflammation and tendinitis.ConclusionFurther analysis is needed to better understand why female athletes are at higher risk of overuse injuries. Effective interventions to prevent and treat these injuries are also warranted.
Injuries to adult cyclists in Toronto and Vancouver: describing the circumstances as a first step towards injury prevention
Authors: Babul S , Frendo T , Winters M , Brubacher J R , Chipman M L , Chisholm D , Cripton P A , Cusimano M D , Friedman S M , Harris M A , Hunte G S , Reynolds C C O , Teschke K 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionBicycling is a sustainable mode of transportation with health benefits, but the risk of injury deters many people. We studied injured cyclists from two urban areas to characterise injury severity and mechanism.MethodsMulticentre case-crossover study. Adult cyclists who visit emergency departments in three Toronto and two Vancouver hospitals are being recruited. Canadian Trauma and Acuity Score (CTAS) data are retrieved from hospital records. Descriptive data and comparisons of the first 300 injury events, 150 in each city, are presented.ResultsThe median CTAS score was 3 (IQR: 3–4; n=228). Of the 300 cyclists studied, 27 (9.0%; 95% CI 5.8 to 12.2%) were admitted to hospital. Injury mechanism was classified as a collision in 213 cases (70.9%; 65.9–76.1%) or fall in 87 (29.1%; 23.9–34.1%). Collisions involved motor vehicles in 102 cases (34.1% of all events; 28.6–39.4%), streetcar/train tracks in 46 (15.4%; 10.9–19.0%), curbs/fences/barriers in 38 (12.7%; 8.3–15.7%), pedestrians/other cyclists in 14 (4.7%; 2.3–7.1%), potholes in 9 (3%; 1.1–4.9%) and animals in 3 (1%; 0–2.1%). Manoeuvres to avoid collisions resulted in 28 falls (9.3% of all events). The proportions of injuries involving motor vehicles were almost identical in the two cities, but the odds of an event involving dooring were higher in Toronto than Vancouver (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.13 to 7.02). Toronto events were more likely to involve streetcar tracks (OR 19.6, 5.9 to 65.0) and less likely to involve pedestrians or cyclists (OR 0.33, 0.13 to 0.83) than those in Vancouver.ConclusionsInjury circumstances and differences between cities suggest that transportation infrastructure and interactions with motorised and non-motorised traffic are important factors in cycling injuries.