bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality dimensions and learning modes as the predictors of stress in university students
Authors: Homayouni A. 
Published: May 2011

Introduction & objectivesNo matter what age you are, if you are under stress it will affect your ability to learn, think and perform at your best. Severe stress releases chemicals in our brains and bodies that can hamper our performance and learning. So for better understanding of stress especially in the learning process, the study aimed to investigate personality characteristics, learning modes, and stress in university students.Method131 students were randomly selected from three universities. Hogan-Champagne's Personal Style Inventory (PSI) based on Jungian personality types, Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory (LSI) based on Kolb’s experiential learning theory and Coudron's Stress Inventory (CSI) were used. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and T independent tests.ResultsAnalysis showed that in learning modes, there is positive correlation between concrete experience and stress. In personality characters, positive correlation between introversion and stress, negative correlation between extroversion and stress. More analysis showed that across learning modes, males use the concrete experience mode more than females, and females use the abstract conceptualization mode more than males.ConclusionIn regard to introverted individuals, such individuals are quiet, diligent at working alone, and socially reserved, they make decisions somewhat independently of constraints and prodding by situations, culture, people, or things around them, and so facing stress factors interrupts their own world and reduces their function. In learning modes, people with concrete experience like new experience, rely on feeling and sensing, and generally find theoretical approaches to be unhelpful and prefer to treat each situation as a unique case. These factors cause variability in situations and circumstances and how stress comes about.
An investigation of nursing students’ experiences in an Iranian psychiatric unit
Authors: Sarvghamat M. , Karimollahi M. 
Published: May 2011

AimThis qualitative study set out to discover and explain clinical experiences of nursing students in a psychiatric unit in an Iranian hospital.MethodThis Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological study was carried out in a psychiatric unit of an educational hospital in Iran. Data were produced through an in-depth interview with 13 participants. Analysis rooted in the Diekelmann manner helped to interpret data and uncover frequent themes.FindingsFour correlated themes - Anxiety, Maturation, Learning Routines and Enthusiasm were recognized in the data.ConclusionThese results present exclusive insight for scheduling and applying and fitting clinical Education in Iran, especially in psychiatric units. The exploration and description of experiences of the nursing students will help nurse educators plan clinical learning opportunities in such a way that they are less stressful, thus ensuring that nursing students are equipped to use themselves as therapeutic instruments.
The comparison between resiliency and mental health among athlete and non-athlete male students
Authors: Khodabakhshi A. , Khodaee M.R. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionOne the factor is very important to encounter the stress in daily life's is resiliency. People, who had the high resiliency profile, could overcome the obstacles in their lives. Some investigations indicated that people, who had routine exercise, applied better coping strategies to coping with stress.ObjectivesPropose of this study is to the comparison between resiliency and mental health among athlete and non-athlete male students.Methods100 male students who had routine exercise and the other 100 male students who had not any physically activity from three universities in Tehran were selected in present study. Total 200 subjects were answered General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the Resiliency Questionnaire (CD-Resi). The data were analysis with SSPS version 18.ResultsThe results indicated resiliency and mental health of athlete students were dramatically difference in comparison to non-athlete students. In the other word, the athlete students had higher scores in resiliency and mental health questionnaires. Moreover, the results showed the positive correlation between the resiliency and mental health scores in two group of students.ConclusionAccording to the results students who had regular physical activity were more resiliencies than the other group of students. For coping with the stress people need the effective coping strategies like, problem solving strategy. The results of this research indicated that athlete students had better mental health profile than the non-athlete students. This is noteworthy to note that, the exercise or regular physical activity could be influence the resiliency and mental heath of people.
Psychological and psychiatric aspects of rehabilitation participants in the karabakh war
Authors: Mehdiyev E. 
Published: May 2011

Most often in combat environment adaptive and disadaptive registers of prepathologic level as well as prenosologic registers of pathologic level of psychic disorders are observed in servicemen. Acute psychologic and pathologic reactions of prenosologic level are predominant, with a considerable decrease of reactive psychoses, especially of their persisting forms.Principal peculiarity of the system of psychological correction and medicopsychological rehabilitation of combatants with combat stress reactions is, alongside with the detection and treatment of psychic disorders, its orientation to the restoration of their combat ability, if they are to participate in combat actions, and the restoration of their working ability, if they are to resume peaceful life. The author worked out approaches to the creation of a system of medicopsychologic and psychocorrective rehabilitation measures for this group’ of persons and suggested a number of original psychotherapeutic methods.The realization of psychocorrective and medicopsychologic rehabilitation measures oversteps the competence limits of psychiatrists alone and can be effective if their efforts are combined with the activity of specialists in psychophysiology, social and medical psychology, narcology and some other fields.
Validation of the specific scale of perceived stress among Tunisian students
Authors: Mnif L. , Yaich S. , Ammar Y. , Masmoudi J. , Damak J. , Jaoua A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe university transition life is the most frequent source of problems. These problems results from stress academic and family relationship dysfunction. These stress factors can pose a risk in student's mental and physical health.However, stress is the result of a transaction between the person and the environment.The objectiveOf this work is to validate the specific scale of perceived stress among Tunisian students.MethodsTo evaluate the perceived stress among students, we used the specific scale of perceived stress (Boujut E, Bruchon-Schweitzer M, 2003). This scale was constructed and validated on French students.The scale is as a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 25 items.The validation was made on a representative sample of university students (n = 500) randomly selected.The main properties studied were: acceptability, reliability (Pearson’s coefficient ‘r’), face validity and content validity (Cronbach's alpha).ResultsThe acceptability of the questionnaire was good, less than 10% of students were unable or unwilling to complete the questionnaire. The Pearson coefficient showed good reliability for this scale r = 0.98, p < 0.05. The Cronbach's alpha was acceptable for all items of the scale α = 0.81.ConclusionThe specific scale of perceived stress is valid among Tunisian students. It is now available for clinicians to measure the level of perceived stress among students.
Stress and burnout syndrome in medical professions in the Czech Republic
Authors: Ptacek R. , Celedova L. , Kuzelova H. , Cevela R. , Kebza V. , Solcova I. 
Published: May 2011

Stress in medical practice has always been a topical issue. This is partly because medical service involves taking care of other peoples’ lives and mistakes or errors could be costly and sometimes irreversible. It is thus expected that the medical doctor himself must be in a perfect state of mind devoid of morbid worries and anxieties. This is however not usually the case, because the doctor apart from being affected by the same variables that impose stress on the general population, is also prone to stress because of the peculiarities of his work situation and the expectation of the society at large.We have conducted an extensive research to determine the level of stress load and occurrence of burnout syndrome between Czech medical doctors comparing to general professions. Group of medical doctor (n = 500) was compared to group of on medical professions (n = 500) using questionnaires for evaluation of stress load and burnout syndrome.The results of the study confirmed that occurrence of high stress load and burnout syndrome is substantially higher than in non-medical professions (p < 0.01) and further several specific factors influencing occurrence of stress and burnout syndrome was identified (i.e. age, length of medical practice etc). The study supports the hypothesis that medical professions represent serious factor in stress load and thus persons in medical professions should be subject to special care.
Burnout and engagement in portuguese nurses working with mental illness
Authors: Queiros C. , Dias S. , Marques A.J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn their activities nurses deals with pain, suffering people and deficient work conditions related with physical aspects, emotional relationships within the team or difficulty to adapt to new rules. Working with mental ill individuals increase the demands and some professionals became emotional exhausted, stressed and feel in burnout, whereas others became motivated and engaged. According to recent literature, engagement can protect from burnout, helping professionals to efficiently cope with stressful situations (Schaufeli et al., 2002).AimsIdentify the levels of burnout and engagement of nurses working with mental illness.MethodsData were collected using a translation from Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1997) and Utrech Work Enthusiasm Scale (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003), applied to 110 portuguese nurses working with mental illness. The sample was composed by 21% male and 79% female; mean age 37.7 years.ResultsOur nurses don’t feel burnout, showing low emotional exhaustion (M = 2.3 in a Likert scale 0–6 points), lowest cynism (M = 0.97) and higher professional efficacy (M = 4.5). They feel engaged with work, showing higher dedication (M = 4.3), vigor (M = 3.99) and absorption (M = 3.7). Some differences were found, with males showing higher cynism than females. Burnout was negatively correlated with engagement.ConclusionsDespite lower results of burnout in our sample, nursing is a professional activity that elicits stress, making professionals vulnerable to burnout, especially when they work with patients with special demands such us mentally ill people. However, engagement appear as a protective factor to feel burnout, allowing professionals to be dedicated and absorbed by their activity.
Socioeconomic and sex inequalities in job satisfaction of Japanese civil servants: Role of job strain, work hours and work-family conflicts
Authors: Sekine M. , Tatsuse T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionUnder slow economic growth, the maintenance of job satisfaction is important. This study aims to evaluate(1) whether psychosocial stress at work and work-family conflicts contribute to low job satisfaction and(2) whether these work and family characteristics explain socioeconomic and sex inequalities in low job satisfaction.MethodsThe subjects were civil servants in local government in Japan. Questionnaire survey was conducted in 2003. Altogether 4272 subjects (response rate: 79.2%) responded. The questionnaire included questions on job satisfaction, job strain, as measured by the job-demand-control-support model, work hours, shift work, family structure, and family-work conflicts.ResultsApproximately two thirds of participants were satisfied with their job. Low job control, high job demands, low social support, long work hours and high work-family conflicts were associated with low job satisfaction. Low grade employees were likely to report low job satisfaction but the associations were significant only for men. In men, the grade differences in low job satisfaction reduced and were no longer significant after adjustment for job strain, work hours and work-family conflicts. In women, the grade differences in low job satisfaction hardly changed after adjustment for job strain, work hours and work-family conflicts. More women than men reported low job satisfaction. The sex difference reduced and was no longer significant after adjustment for job strain, work hours and work-family conflicts.ConclusionJob strain, long work hours, and work-family conflicts may cause low job satisfaction and contribute to socioeconomic and sex inequalities in low job satisfaction.
Cognitive coping strategies in mothers of HIV-infected children and their connection to the mother's psychological distress, parenting, and spousal relations
Authors: Tartakovsky E. , Hamama L. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveThe main goal of the present study was to investigate the coping strategies of mothers of HIV-infected children and their relation to the mothers’ psychological distress, parenting, and spousal relations.MethodsThe study was conducted in Southern Kazakhstan in the wake of a children's HIV-epidemic caused by the use of unsterile instruments and infusions of infected blood in State hospitals. Mothers of HIV-infected children undergoing testing and treatment in the municipal HIV Center participated in the study (n = 63).ResultsThe most frequently used strategies were focusing on planning and catastrophizing; the least common strategies they employed were putting into perspective and self-blame. Focusing on planning and rumination were associated with a high level of acceptance of the child, while self-blame was associated with a low level of acceptance. Positive refocusing was associated with a low level of psychological distress, and catastrophizing was associated with a high level of psychological distress. Self-blame was associated with a low level of spousal relations, while positive refocusing and focusing on planning were associated with high levels of spousal relations.ConclusionsThe results obtained are discussed in light of stress-coping theory (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984), the positive psychology paradigm (Seligman et al., 2005), and the two-track model of grieving (Rubin, 1996).
Chronic stress and anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders in patients of phoniatric practice
Authors: Stukalo A. , Veltishchev D. , Romanenko S. , Seravina O. , Kovalevskaya O. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesTo research the influence of stress factors on the development and circuit of voice disorders in their relation to anxiety and depressive spectrum.AimsTo analyze the extent to which the anxiety and depressive disorders are spreading among the patients with voice dysfunctions, to determine the variety of factors for psychological traumatic experience, and to distinguish the variety of anxiety and depressive disorders.MethodsThe Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the projective psychological tests.ResultsPreliminary HADS screening was conducted among 180 patients. More than half of the patients (57.5%) had high risk of anxiety and depressive disorders. 55 patients (44 women, 13 men, age of 18–70) with voice disorders and the positive results of screening were included to the study. Patients underwent a complete otolaryngologic examination and were grouped into organic voice pathology (34.5%) and non-organic voice pathology (65.5%). In accordance with ICD-10, anxiety and depressive disorders were diagnosed in 48 (87%) patients. In most cases the phoniatric pathology developed in chronic stress conditions. The prevailed chronic stress factors that provoked both anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders and voice pathology were inability to reach pre-set social goal (65.4%), ethical conflict (18.2%) and lack of external control factors (16.4%). Professional factor was also important as 38.2% of the group claimed heavy voice load at work.ConclusionChronic stress factors play significant provoking role in the development of voice and anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders, which should be taken into account to design diagnostic and therapeutic tactics for patients with voice pathology.
Personality disorder as a relevant factor to the management of drug overdoses in the emergency service
Authors: Artieda Urrutia P. , Gomez-Arnau Ramirez J. , Sanchez Paez P. , Gomez Soler R. , de la Vega Sanchez D. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionVoluntary drug overdoses are an important part of psychiatric demand in the emergency service. Nevertheless, a protocolized attention for these cases does not exist. Therefore, its management only depends on doctors’ personal criteria. Many of these cases have been previously diagnosed as Personality Disorder.ObjectivesStudying the differences in management of drug overdosing depending on previous diagnosis of personality disorder. Also, we look for associated factors that can influence the final decision.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 112 drug overdoses attended from July to December 2009. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results34 attended patients (30,4%) have previous diagnosis of personality disorder. In these, the most frequent diagnosis was parasuicide attempt in the Emergency Service. In contrast, the rest of the patients were diagnosed as suicidal attempt.We found statistically significant differences (p < 0,05) in the destination after Emergency evaluation (ambulatory or hospitalization) depending on a previous personality disorder diagnosis.The media of previous overdoses in personality disorder group was significantly higher (3,29 Vs 0,64; P < 0,01).We found that humor and anxiety disease comorbility, associated toxicomany, alcohol or cocaine use during the overdose, were more frequent in the group with personality disorder.ConclusionAlthough drug overdoses in patients with personality disorder have less letal intention, these patients were hospitalized more frequently than the others. This finding could be explained because of the presence of other associated factors that contribute to the global risk of overdosing. Previous overdoses seem to have significant influence in final decision.
A preliminary naturalistic study of low-dose ketamine for depression and suicide ideation in the emergency department
Authors: Larkin G.L. , Beautrais A.L. , Turelli R.R. , Sanacora G. , Powsner S. , Lippmann M. , Krystal J. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundRapid-onset antidepressants could have important clinical impact if their benefits extended to ED patients. We examined preliminary feasibility, tolerability and efficacy of single-dose IV ketamine in depressed ED patients with suicide ideation (SI).MethodsFourteen depressed ED patients with SI received a single IV bolus of ketamine (0.2 mg/kg) over 1–2 minutes. Patients were monitored for 4 hours, then re-contacted daily for 10 days. Treatment response and time to remission were evaluated using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Kaplan Meier survival analysis, respectively.ResultsBrief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale scores transiently increased in two subjects, consistent with ketamine's cognitive/behavioral effects in other populations. Mean MADRS scores fell significantly from 40.4 (SEM:1.8) at baseline to 11.5 (2.2) at 240 minutes. Median time to MADRS score ≤10 was 80 minutes (Interquartile Range: 0.67–24 hours). Suicide ideation scores (MADRS item 10) decreased significantly from 3.9 (SEM:0.4) at baseline to 0.6 (SEM:0.2) at 40 minutes post-administration, with improvements sustained over 10 days.ConclusionsThese data provide preliminary, open-label support for the feasibility and efficacy of ketamine as a rapid-onset antidepressant in the ED.
High rate of suicide and attempted suicide in the lipjan detention center (LDC), compared to other correctional institutions of kosovo (CIK)
Authors: Blakaj Ramadani V. , Blakaj S. , Gjocaj M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn Correctional Institutions of Kosovo (CIK), the rate of suicide and attempted suicide is low (in the last six years have been six suicide).Disturbing is the fact that during the period October 2007 to January 2009 at the Lipjan Detention Center (LDC) have been nine suicide and three attempted suicide, while in all other correctional institutions has not happened any suicide and only one attempted suicide. This level is to high when we consider the fact that the capacity of LDC is approximately 200 prisoners, while in all other correctional institutions have about 1500 prisoners.ObjectivesThe objective is to find reasons for such a high level of suicide and attempted suicide in LDC.AimsThe aim is to return the low level of suicidal behavior in LDC.MethodsMapping:1.Survey documentation2.Interviews3.Focus groupsResults1.Lack of detection of cases at risk for suicide during admission.2.Inadequate administrative and health management.3.Insufficient communication between staff and prisonersConclusionsBetter management in early detection of cases Creation of a multidisciplinary team for management of cases referred as risky for suicide
Suicide attempts and suicide ideation in adolescents: SDQ scores in the Spanish sample of “saving and empowering young lives in Europe” (SEYLE) project
Authors: Burón P. , Al-Halabí S. , Díaz-Mesa E. , Garrido M. , Galván G. , Rancaño J.L. , Casares M.J. , García-Portilla P. , Sáiz P. , Bobes J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionBehaviour disorders in adolescents are a risk factor associated with suicidal behavior.AimTo examine the distribution of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores in the Spanish sample of adolescents from the “Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe” (SEYLE) project and study the differences according to the gender and the relationship with both suicide attempts (SA) and suicidal ideation (SI).Method875 pupils from 12 secondary schools sited in Asturias (Spain) [50.7% males; mean age (SD) =14.5 (0.72)] were assessed through the SDQ and Paykel Suicide Scale (PSS).ResultsNo significant differences were found in the SDQ total score by gender, but were found (p< 0.001) in some subscales as emotional symptoms (t=-6.769) (women scoring higher), hyperactivity (t=3.283) and prosocial (t=5.260) (men scoring higher). Regarding PSS, 3.1% tried to take their life during past six months. No significant differences were found in SA by gender but were found (p< 0.050) for the thought that life not worth (t=-3.597), women scoring higher, and about wish to be dead (t=-2.630), men scoring higher. Previous SA were significant related (p< 0.001) with SDQ total score (X2=38,437), emotional symptoms (X2=25,528), hyperactivity (X2=13,572) and behaviour disorders (X2=7,505). SI was significant related (p< 0.001) with SDQ total score (X2=38,437), emotional symptoms (X2=31,077), behaviour disorders (X2=33,011), peer problems (X2=35,161) and prosocial behavior (X2=17,978).ConclusionSA and SI were related with difficulties (SDQ criteria), mainly on emotional symptoms and behaviour disorders. Prevention strategies in high risk groups are likely to become increasingly important.