bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of short‐term changes in the Arabidopsis thaliana glycerolipidome in response to temperature and light
Authors: Burgos Asdrubal , Szymanski Jedrzej , Seiwert Bettina , Degenkolbe Thomas , Hannah Matthew A. , Giavalisco Patrick , Willmitzer Lothar 
Published: February 2011

SummaryAlthough the influence of temperature, particularly cold, on lipid metabolism is well established, previous studies have focused on long‐term responses and have largely ignored the influence of other interacting environmental factors. Here, we present a time‐resolved analysis of the early responses of the glycerolipidome of Arabidopsis thaliana plants exposed to various temperatures (4, 21 and 32°C) and light intensities (darkness, 75, 150 and 400 μmol m−2 s−1), including selected combinations. Using a UPLC/MS‐based lipidomic platform, we reproducibly measured most glycerolipid species reported for Arabidopsis leaves, including the classes phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI) phosphatidylglycerol (PG), monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). In addition to known lipids, we have identified previously unobserved compounds, such as 36‐C PGs and eukaryotic phospholipids containing 16:3 acyl chains. Occurrence of these lipid species implies the action of new biochemical mechanisms. Exposition of Arabidopsis plants to various light and temperature regimes results in two major effects. The first is the dependence of the saturation level of PC and MGDG pools on light intensity, likely arising from light regulation of de novo fatty acid synthesis. The second concerns an immediate decrease in unsaturated species of PG at high‐temperature conditions (32°C), which could mark the first stages of adaptation to heat‐stress conditions. Observed changes are discussed in the context of current knowledge, and new hypotheses have been formulated concerning the early stages of the plant response to changing light and temperature conditions.
The Arabidopsis trithorax‐like factor ATX1 functions in dehydration stress responses via ABA‐dependent and ABA‐independent pathways
Authors: Ding Yong , Avramova Zoya , Fromm Michael 
Published: February 2011

SummaryEmerging evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms driving the responses of plants to environmental stresses are associated with specific chromatin modifications. Here, we demonstrate that the Arabidopsis trithorax‐like factor ATX1, which trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), is involved in dehydration stress signaling in both abscisic acid (ABA)‐dependent and ABA‐independent pathways. The loss of function of ATX1 results in decreased germination rates, larger stomatal apertures, more rapid transpiration and decreased tolerance to dehydration stress in atx1 plants. This deficiency is caused in part by reduced ABA biosynthesis in atx1 plants resulting from decreased transcript levels from NCED3, which encodes a key enzyme controlling ABA production. Dehydration stress increased ATX1 binding to NCED3, and ATX1 was required for the increased levels of NCED3 transcripts and nucleosomal H3K4me3 that occurred during dehydration stress. Mechanistically, ATX1 affected the quantity of RNA polymerase II bound to NCED3. By upregulating NCED3 transcription and ABA production, ATX1 influenced ABA‐regulated pathways and genes. ATX1 also affected the expression of ABA‐independent genes, implicating ATX1 in diverse dehydration stress‐response mechanisms in Arabidopsis.
Alternative targeting of Arabidopsis plastidic glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase G6PD1 involves cysteine‐dependent interaction with G6PD4 in the cytosol
Authors: Meyer Tanja , Hölscher Christian , Schwöppe Christian , von Schaewen Antje 
Published: February 2011

SummaryArabidopsis peroxisomes contain an incomplete oxidative pentose‐phosphate pathway (OPPP), consisting of 6‐phosphogluconolactonase and 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase isoforms with peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS). To start the pathway, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is required; however, G6PD isoforms with obvious C‐terminal PTS1 or N‐terminal PTS2 motifs are lacking. We used fluorescent reporter fusions to explore possibly hidden peroxisomal targeting information. Among the six Arabidopsis G6PD isoforms only plastid‐predicted G6PD1 with free C‐terminal end localized to peroxisomes. Detailed analyses identified SKY as an internal PTS1‐like signal; however, in a medial G6PD1 reporter fusion with free N‐ and C‐terminal ends this cryptic information was overruled by the transit peptide. Yeast two‐hybrid analyses revealed selective protein–protein interactions of G6PD1 with catalytically inactive G6PD4, and of both G6PD isoforms with plastid‐destined thioredoxin m2 (Trxm2). Serine replacement of redox‐sensitive cysteines conserved in G6PD4 abolished the G6PD4–G6PD1 interaction, albeit analogous changes in G6PD1 did not. In planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) demonstrated that the G6PD4–G6PD1 interaction results in peroxisomal import. BiFC also confirmed the interaction of Trxm2 with G6PD4 (or G6PD1) in plastids, but co‐expression analyses revealed Trxm2‐mediated retention of medial G6PD4 (but not G6PD1) reporter fusions in the cytosol that was stabilized by CxxC113S exchange in Trxm2. Based on preliminary findings with plastid‐predicted rice G6PD isoforms, we dismiss Arabidopsis G6PD4 as non‐functional. G6PD4 orthologs (new P0 class) apparently evolved to become cytosolic redox switches that confer thioredoxin‐relayed alternative targeting to peroxisomes.
Cell‐specific chemotyping and multivariate imaging by combined FT‐IR microspectroscopy and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) analysis reveals the chemical landscape of secondary xylem
Authors: Gorzsás András , Stenlund Hans , Persson Per , Trygg Johan , Sundberg Björn 
Published: February 2011

SummaryFourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy combined with microscopy enables chemical information to be acquired from native plant cell walls with high spatial resolution. Combined with a 64 × 64 focal plane array (FPA) detector, 4096 spectra can be simultaneously obtained from a 0.3 × 0.3 mm image; each spectrum represents a compositional and structural ‘fingerprint’ of all cell wall components. For optimal use and analysis of such a large amount of information, multivariate approaches are preferred. Here, FT‐IR microspectroscopy with FPA detection is combined with orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA). This allows for: (i) the extraction of spectra from single cell types, (ii) identification and characterization of different chemotypes using the full spectral information, and (iii) further visualization of the pattern of identified chemotypes by multivariate imaging. As proof of concept, the chemotypes of Populus tremula xylem cell types are described. The approach revealed unknown features about chemical plasticity and patterns of lignin composition in wood fibers that would have remained hidden in the dataset with traditional data analysis. The applicability of the method to Arabidopsis xylem and its usefulness in mutant chemotyping is also demonstrated. The methodological approach is not limited to xylem tissues but can be applied to any plant organ/tissue also using other techniques such as Raman and UV microspectroscopy.
Low plasma antibodies specific for phosphatidylethanol in alcohol abusers and patients with alcoholic pancreatitis
Authors: Nissinen Antti E. , Laitinen L. Maria , Kakko Sakari , Helander Anders , Savolainen Markku J. , Hörkkö Sohvi 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTPhosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a group of alcohol‐modified phospholipids present in cell membranes after heavy drinking. Our aim was to demonstrate the presence of human plasma antibodies binding to PEth and to address their specificity and value in detecting subjects engaged in heavy alcohol consumption. Antibodies to PEth were analyzed in plasma from heavy drinkers (n = 20), patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (n = 58) and control subjects (n = 24), using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Heavy drinkers and patients with alcoholic pancreatitis demonstrated significantly lower levels of plasma IgG, IgA and IgM titers to PEth compared with controls (P < 0.001). The specificity of the antibodies to PEth was demonstrated with competitive liquid phase immunoassays and flow cytometry. The plasma IgG, but not IgA or IgM, titers to PEth in heavy drinkers correlated with the whole blood PEth concentration determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (r = 0.655, P = 0.002). Compared with traditional markers for alcohol abuse (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase and mean corpuscular volume), receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a low plasma IgA to PEth had the highest area under the curve (AUC 0.940, P < 0.001). In conclusion, plasma IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies binding specifically to PEth were found in subjects of all study groups. Subjects with heavy alcohol consumption showed markedly lower plasma immunoglobulin levels to PEth, potentially making them useful as a biomarker to distinguish heavy from moderate alcohol use.
Relationship between vulnerability to reinforcing effects of morphine and activity of the endogenous cholecystokinin system in Lewis and Fischer rats
Authors: Noble Florence , Benturquia Nadia , Crete Dominique , Canestrelli Corinne , Mas Nieto Magdalena , Wilson Jodie , Roques Bernard P. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTA great number of studies have shown the presence of physiological interactions between brain neurotransmitter systems in behavioural responses. This is the case for opioid, cholecystokinin (CCK) and dopamine systems. However, so far the role that the CCK system may play in vulnerability to consumption of drugs of abuse is not clear. This was investigated in this study using Lewis rats that are more sensitive to the reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse than Fischer rats. The extraneuronal CCK8 levels and brain CCK2 receptors were found higher in Fischer than in Lewis rats in the nucleus accumbens, one of the most important structures involved in drug consumption. Moreover, pharmacological modulation of the CCK system by administration of a selective CCK2 agonist blocked, in the conditioned place preference, the reinforcing effects of morphine in Lewis rats, whereas a selective CCK2 antagonist revealed reinforcing effects of the alkaloid in Fischer rats. These results obtained following systemic administrations of the CCK ligands were confirmed following microinjection into the nucleus accumbens. Thus, a low level of CCK efflux in the nucleus accumbens could be one of the many factors involved in drug reinforcing effects, whereas a high level of CCK efflux could attenuate it.
Effect of morphine on conditioned place preference in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Wang JianHong , Wu XuJing , Li ChuanYu , Wei JingKuang , Jiang HuiHui , Liu CiRong , Yu ChengYang , Carlson Synnöve , Hu XinTian , Ma Hua , Duan Wei , Ma YuanYe 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn rodents, a conditioned place preference (CPP) can be induced by morphine. In the current study, we designed a biased place conditioning paradigm to test the rewarding effects of morphine in freely moving rhesus monkeys. Five monkeys were first placed in three serial rooms with the doors open between them for three days. After this habituation period, during which baseline preference for each of the two end rooms was measured, CPP conditioning occurred when the monkeys were injected intramuscularly with morphine at an increasing dose (1.5, 3, 4.5 mg/kg) before they entered the non‐preferred room and on alternate days, with saline before they entered the preferred room. Morphine and saline treatment lasted for six days, respectively. CPP was tested 24 hours after the end of CPP training. The result showed that in all five monkeys, CPP was induced by the morphine treatment. The preference lasted for at least 15.3 ± 1.7 months.
The delta opioid receptor antagonist, SoRI‐9409, decreases yohimbine stress‐induced reinstatement of ethanol‐seeking
Authors: Nielsen Carsten K. , Simms Jeffrey A. , Bito‐Onon Jade J. , Li Rui , Ananthan Subramaniam , Bartlett Selena E. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTA major problem in treating alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is the high rate of relapse due to stress and re‐exposure to cues or an environment previously associated with alcohol use. Stressors can induce relapse to alcohol‐seeking in humans or reinstatement in rodents. Delta opioid peptide receptors (DOP‐Rs) play a role in cue‐induced reinstatement of ethanol‐seeking; however, their role in stress‐induced reinstatement of ethanol‐seeking is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the role of DOP‐Rs in yohimbine‐stress‐induced reinstatement of ethanol‐seeking. Male, Long‐Evans rats were trained to self‐administer 10% ethanol in daily 30‐minute operant self‐administration sessions using a FR3 schedule of reinforcement, followed by extinction training. Once extinction criteria were met, we examined the effects of the DOP‐R antagonist, SoRI‐9409 (0–5 mg/kg, i.p.) on yohimbine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) stress‐induced reinstatement. Additionally, DOP‐R‐stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding was measured in brain membranes and plasma levels of corticosterone (CORT) were determined. Pre‐treatment with SoRI‐9409 decreased yohimbine stress‐induced reinstatement of ethanol‐seeking but did not affect yohimbine‐induced increases in plasma CORT levels. Additionally, yohimbine increased DOP‐R‐stimulated 35[S]GTPγS binding in brain membranes of ethanol‐trained rats, an effect that was inhibited by SoRI‐9409. This suggests that the DOP‐R plays an important role in yohimbine‐stress‐induced reinstatement of ethanol‐seeking behavior, and DOP‐R antagonists may be promising candidates for further development as a treatment for AUDs.
Innate difference in the endocannabinoid signaling and its modulation by alcohol consumption in alcohol‐preferring sP rats
Authors: Vinod K. Yaragudri , Maccioni Paola , Garcia‐Gutierrez Maria Salud , Femenia Teresa , Xie Shan , Carai Mauro A. M. , Manzanares Jorge , Cooper Thomas B. , Hungund Basalingappa L. , Colombo Giancarlo 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe present study was undertaken to examine whether genetically predetermined differences in components of the endocannabinoid system were present in the brain of Sardinian alcohol‐preferring (sP) and Sardinian alcohol‐non‐preferring (sNP) rats, a pair of rat lines selectively bred for opposite alcohol preference. The effects of acquisition and maintenance of alcohol drinking, alcohol withdrawal, and alcohol re‐exposure on the endocannabinoid system was also assessed in the striatum of sP rats. The findings revealed significantly higher density of the CB1 receptors and levels of CB1 receptor mRNA, CB1 receptor‐mediated G‐protein coupling, and endocannabinoids in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of alcohol‐naive sP rats than sNP rats. A significantly lower expression of mFAAH enzyme was evident in the hippocampus of alcohol‐naive sP rats. Alcohol drinking (during both acquisition and maintenance phases) in sP rats resulted in a significant reduction in striatal CB1 receptor‐mediated G‐protein coupling whereas alcohol withdrawal attenuated this effect. Alcohol consumption was also associated with markedly increased levels of endocannabinoids in the striatum. Co‐administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant (SR141716A) reduced alcohol intake, and reversed alcohol‐induced changes in CB1 receptor‐mediated G‐protein activation. These findings provided a new insight into a potential genetic basis of excessive alcohol consumption, suggesting innate differences in the endocannabinoid system might be associated with higher alcohol preference in sP rats. The data also indicate a modulation of CB1 receptor‐mediated signaling following alcohol consumption, and further strengthen the potential of the endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of alcohol related behaviors.
Donor and recipient ACE I/D genotype are associated with loss of renal function in children following renal transplantation
Authors: Büscher Rainer , Nagel Dominik , Finkelberg Ilja , Büscher Anja K. , Wingen Anne‐Margret , Kranz Birgitta , Vester Udo , Hoyer Peter F. 
Published: February 2011

Büscher R, Nagel D, Finkelberg I, Büscher AK, Wingen A‐M, Kranz B, Vester U, Hoyer PF. Donor and recipient ACE I/D genotype are associated with loss of renal function in children following renal transplantation. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15:214–220. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Genetic polymorphisms of the RAS correlate with allograft function. We therefore analyzed common RAS polymorphisms in kidney donors and in children following RTx to determine the relationship between genotype and decline in GFR, blood pressure, and LVM. A total of 107 children who underwent RTx were included: 70 male, 37 female, mean age 8.8 ± 4.9 yr, mean follow up 5.4 yr. The following RAS polymorphisms were studied in all 107 recipients, 48 donors, and 120 healthy controls: Renin (Renin Mbol 18G/A), ACE I/D; angiotensinogen (AGT M235T), and angiotensin II receptor type‐1 (AT1R A1166C). Only patients homozygous for the ACE D allele had a significantly steeper decline in GFR compared with homozygous carriers of the ACE I allele (slope DD: −4.3 ± 0.8 vs. II: −1.3 ± 1.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 per yr; p = 0.035). In four cases, a DD recipient received a kidney from a DD donor, and these patients showed a more pronounced decline in GFR (−5.2 ± 0.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 per yr; p = 0.002). MABP was not different before vs. after RTx and was independent of ACE I/D genotype. LVMI increased significantly in the majority of patients (36.6 ± 13.9 g/m2.7 six months before RTx vs. 46.4 ± 15.3 g/m2.7 12 months after RTx, p = 0.015). However, this difference disappeared after stratification by ACE I/D genotype. The ACE DD genotype is a potential marker for identifying patients at high risk of poor allograft outcome.
A Personal Perception of the History of Blood and Transfusion
Authors: Heier Hans Erik 
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a personal attempt to understand the historical roots of modern transfusion systems and the clinical practice of transfusion. The author is a blood banker and not a professional historian.The unremitting succession of medical breakthroughs, their twists and turns, and the working life story of people who initiated, enhanced or hampered the progress, are convincing evidence in support of the classical historian's view that learning about the historical and gestational development of knowledge might be as important a source of intellectual stimulation, culture and progress as the knowledge itself‐ (Bahman Habibi, 2000)
Effects of pollen reward removal on fecundity in a self‐incompatible hermaphrodite plant
Authors: Duffy K. J. , Johnson S. D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe pollen of hermaphrodite plants is often utilised by flower‐visiting animals. While pollen production has obvious benefits for plant male fitness, its consequences for plant female fitness, especially in self‐incompatible hermaphrodite species, are less certain. Pollen production could either enhance seed production though increased pollinator attraction, or reduce it if ovules are discounted by deposition of self pollen, as can occur in species with late‐acting self‐incompatibility. To test the effects of pollen reward provision on female fitness, we artificially emasculated flowers in two populations of the succulentAloe maculata(Asphodelaceae), which has a late‐acting self‐incompatibility system, over the course of its flowering period. Flowers of this species are visited by sunbirds (for nectar) and native bees (for pollen and nectar). We measured floral visitation rates, floral rejection rates, pollen deposition on stigmas and fruit and seed set in both emasculated and non‐emasculated plants. We found that flowers of emasculated plants suffered reduced visitation and increased rejection (arrival without visitation) by bees, but not by sunbirds; had fewer pollen grains deposited on stigmas and showed an overall decrease in fruit set and seed set. Rates of seed abortion were, however, greatly reduced in emasculated flowers. This study shows that pollen rewards can be important for seed set, even in self‐incompatible plants, which have been assumed to rely on nectar rewards for pollinator attraction. Seed abortion was, however, increased by pollen production, a result that highlights the complexity of selection on pollen production in hermaphrodite flowers.
Identification of an Arabidopsis solute carrier critical for intracellular transport and inter‐organ allocation of molybdate
Authors: Gasber A. , Klaumann S. , Trentmann O. , Trampczynska A. , Clemens S. , Schneider S. , Sauer N. , Feifer I. , Bittner F. , Mendel R. R. , Neuhaus H. E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPlants represent an important source of molybdenum in the human diet. Recently, MOT1 has been identified as a transport protein responsible for molybdate import in Arabidopsis thaliana L.; however, the function of the homologous protein MOT2 has not been resolved. Interestingly, MOT2‐GFP analysis indicated a vacuolar location of this carrier protein. By site directed mutagenesis at the N‐terminal end of MOT2, we identified a di‐leucine motif that is essential for driving the protein into the vacuolar membrane. Molybdate quantification in isolated vacuoles showed that this organelle serves as an important molybdate store in Arabidopsis cells. When grown on soil, leaves from mot2 T‐DNA mutants contained more molybdate, whereas mot2 seeds contained significantly less molybdate than corresponding wild‐type (Wt) tissues. Remarkably, MOT2 mRNA accumulates in senescing leaves and mot2 leaves from plants that had finished their life cycle had 15‐fold higher molybdate levels than Wt leaves. Reintroduction of the endogenous MOT2 gene led to a Wt molybdate phenotype. Thus, mot2 mutants exhibit impaired inter‐organ molybdate allocation. As total concentrations of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and its precursor MPT correlates with leaf molybdate levels, we present novel evidence for an adjustment of Moco biosynthesis in response to cellular MoO42− levels. We conclude that MOT2 is important for vacuolar molybdate export, an N‐terminal di‐leucine motif is critical for correct subcellular localisation of MOT2 and activity of this carrier is required for accumulation of molybdate in Arabidopsis seeds. MOT2 is a novel element in inter‐organ translocation of an essential metal ion.