bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clodronate Treatment in Patients with Malignancy‐associated Hypercalcemia
Authors: RASTAD JONAS , BENSON LARS , JOHANSSON HENRY , KNUUTILA MARKKU , PETTERSSON BO , WALLFELT CHRIS , ÅKERSTRÖM GÖRAN , LJUNGHALL SVERKER 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Rastad J, Benson L, Johansson H, Knuutila M, Pettersson B, Wallfelt C, Åkerström G, Ljunghall S (Departments of Surgery and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden). Clodronate treatment in patients with malignancy‐associated hypercalcemia. Acta Med Scand 1987; 221:489–94.The possibility of reducing symptomatic hypercalcemia and of maintaining total serum calcium concentrations <2.8 mmol/1 with clodronate (dichloromethylene bisphosphonate) was evaluated in 28 patients with various types of malignant tumors. Four episodes of hypercal‐cemic crisis with mean serum calcium concentrations of 4.43 mmol/1 were controlled within 4–6 days of intravenous clodronate (4 mg/kg BW/day). This was accompanied by a moderate increase in serum creatinine values which, however, returned to pretreatment levels after therapy withdrawal in all but one case. Oral clodronate successfully reduced a mean serum calcium concentration of 3.16 mmol/1 in 22 out of 25 patients after 3–12 days (800–3 200 mg/ day). After reversal of the hypercalcemias oral clodronate controlled the serum calcium concentration for up to 42 weeks in six out of 15 patients After discontinuation of initial therapy five of seven recurrent hypercalcemias were successfully treated with oral or intravenous clodronate. Hypocalcemia and subjective side‐effects were uncommon. It is concluded that clodronate is a valuable clinical tool in the management of patients with malignancy‐associated hypercalcemia.
Fasting, Postprandial and Postprandial plus Glucagon‐stimulated Plasma C‐peptide Levels in Non‐insulin‐dependent Diabetics and in Control Subjects
Authors: SARLUND H. , LAAKSO M. , PYÖRÄLÄ K. , PENTTILÄ I. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Sarlund H, Laakso M, PyÖrÄlÄ K, PenttilÄ I (Departments of Internal Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, Kuopio University Central Hospital, Kuopio, Finland). Fasting, postprandial and postprandial plus glucagon‐stimulated plasma C‐peptide levels in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics and in control subjects.We have studied fasting, postprandial and postprandial plus glucagon‐stimulated plasma C‐peptide levels in 149 non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics treated either with diet or oral drugs and in 101 non‐diabetic control subjects. Diet‐treated diabetics showed the highest fasting, postprandial and post‐glucagon C‐peptide levels in both sexes. In men, diabetics treated with oral drugs showed lower postprandial and glucagon‐stimulated C‐peptide levels than control subjects, while in women C‐peptide levels in this group of diabetics were similar to those in control subjects. The distribution of individual plasma C‐peptide levels was wide in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics and control subjects and there was considerable overlapping in plasma C‐peptide distribution for diabetics and control subjects. Fasting and post‐glucagon plasma C‐peptide levels in diabetics showed an inverse association to plasma glucose levels and a positive association to degree of obesity, but no association with the known duration of diabetes.
A Crossover Comparison of Continuous Insulin Infusion and Conventional Injection Treatment of Type I Diabetes
Authors: HELVE E. , KOIVISTO V. A. , LEHTONEN A. , PELKONEN R. , HUTTUNEN J. K. , NIKKILÄ E. A. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Helve E, Koivisto VA, Lehtonen A, Pelkonen R, Huttunen JK, NikkilÄ EA (Third Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland). A crossover comparison of continuous insulin infusion and conventional injection treatment of type I diabetes.We evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy (CSII) as compared to conventional injection treatment (CIT) in an ordinary diabetic clinic in a one‐year randomized crossover study of 65 type I diabetic patients. Home blood glucose levels were lower during CSII (8.6±0.2 mmol/1, mean ± SEM) than during CIT (9.1±0.3 mmol/1, p<0.05). During the first six months, HbA1 fell on CSII therapy (from 10.6±0.4 to 9.7±0.3%, p<0.001), whereas no change occurred during CIT. After the crossover, HbA1 decreased again on CSII (p<0.05), but rose in patients shifted from CSII to CIT (p<0.05). The fall in glycosylated haemoglobin during CSII correlated with the initial HbA1 level (r=0.54, p<0.001). Ketoacidosis was more common during CSII (16 vs. 2 verified episodes). Hypoglycaemia occurred infrequently, without difference between CSII and CIT. Fifty‐six per cent of the patients preferred CSII after the study. In conclusion, while CSII slightly improves the metabolic control, the improvement in the unselected study population is less than previously reported among highly selected patients.
Hydroxocobalamin for Initial and Long‐term Therapy for Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: SKOUBY ARNE P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Skouby AP (Medical Department II, Municipal Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Hydroxocobalamin for initial and long‐term therapy for vitamin B12 deficiency.Seventeen patients were treated for vitamin B12 deficiency with i.m. injection of 1 mg hydroxocobalamin every three months as maintenance therapy for eight to 20 years after an initial depot treatment of one or two series of five i.m. injections on alternate days. In three of four patients given two depot series ≤3 months apart, and with no antibody to transcobalamin II (TC II) detected previously, abnormally high values of serum cobalamins were measured at the end of injection intervals after seven to 12 years. No increase in unsaturated B12 binding capacity (UB12BC) was found in contrast to findings in patients given identical therapy, in whom an early increase above the normal level occurred associated with antibody to TC II. One depot series followed by i.m. injection of 1 mg hydroxocobalamin every third month secured values within the normal range for serum cobalamin, UB12BC and total B12 binding capacity (TB12BC).
Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis Complicating Cyclophosphamide Therapy
Authors: STENTOFT JESPER 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Stentoft J (Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark). Progressive pulmonary fibrosis complicating cyclophosphamide therapy.A 26‐year‐old woman with extra‐pulmonary Wegener's granulomatosis was treated with cyclophosphamide for 3.25 years, cumulated dose of 91 g. Six months before cessation of therapy discrete radiological signs of apical fibrosis appeared. The changes were progressive regardless of discontinuation of cyclophosphamide and led to severe restrictive ventilatory defect.
Approaches to Assessing the Rationality of Drug Usage in a Developed Country
Authors: BOËTHIUS G. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe prerequisites for analyses of the medical, social and economic consequences of drug usage are in part available in Sweden. Hard data, though, are still fragmentary. Examples are given where various data sources and methods have been applied. It is suggested that feedback of drug utilization data should increase to create a more questioning attitude among pre‐scribers. The concept of medical audit has to be better explained including the fact that individual‐based registers are necessary tools in trying to assess the rationality of drug treatment. In the future such analyses should focus on everyday treatment of common disease entities such as hypertension, diabetes, dyspepsia and asthma. Long term medical and economical consequences of optimized pharmacological versus non‐pharmacological treatment should be studied.
Methods to Assess Health Economic Aspects on Drug Utilization
Authors: BRENNER G. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe increasing rate of drug consumption is influenced by different trends which are partly counter‐rotating. The increasing rate of price is statistically to separate from effects influenced by structural shifts in the drug spectrum. The analysis based on a randomized sample (0.1%) of all prescriptions in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1984 give the following: Total expenditure +7.4%; sold packages ‐1.6%; average value per prescription +9.2%; price +2.8%; shift in the structure of consumption +6.0%. The shift in drug consumption influenced by changes in demand or prescription habits were more intensive than price effects in 1984.
Nutrition and alcoholic encephalopathies
Authors: ThomsonBSC Allan D , Jeyasingham Marina D , Pratt Oliver E , Shaw George K 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn assessment has been made of metabolic factors possibly causing or contributing to the brain damage associated with chronic alcoholism, especially thiamin lack or disturbance of amino acid metabolism. Abnormalities in the thiamin‐dependent enzyme, transketolase, provide evidence of a high incidence of thiamin deficiency as well as of disturbed thiamin metabolism in chronic alcoholics, which are likely to be caused by reduced vitamin intake as well as impaired absorption. A grossly disturbed pattern of amino acids in the blood of patients undergoing treatment for alcohol withdrawal syndromes is likely to be caused by loss of hepatic function and may well aggravate brain damage caused by B group vitamin deficiency. A hypothesis is proposed of how chronic thiamin lack can lead to brain damage.
Comparison of the attack rates of acute myocardial infarction in two Belgian towns
Authors: BERGHMANS L. , DE BACKER G. , KORNITZER M. , DRAMAIX M. , LAGASSE R. , PAYEN R. , KITTEL F. , VAN DER STICHELEN C. , DERESE A. , HEYERICK J.P. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. Comparison of the attack rates for acute myocardial infarction in two Belgian towns AMI attack rates in two Belgian townsBelgium is divided in two main regions: Flanders in the North with a Dutch‐speaking population, and Wallonia in the South with a French‐speaking community. From 1982 onwards, a register of acute myocardial infarction has been in operation in Ghent, a Flemish town, and in Charleroi in Wallonia, following the procedures of the MONICA (Multinational Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Diseases) study.Annual attack rates of myocardial infarction are presented for a 5‐year period. During this period, the annual attack rates for men are 10–20 % higher in Charleroi than in Ghent. In women, the ratio between the two cities is less clear. The results of this community registers confirms the regional differences observed previously in Belgium using other epidemiological techniques.
Risk factors in the population of the GDR‐MONICA Study (1983/84)
Authors: HEINEMANN L. , HEINE H. , ASSMANN A. , SCHÄDLICH H. , BARTH W. , THIEL C. , MARTIN I. , EISENBLÄTTER D. , BRAUN H. , JOHNSEN D. , CASPER W. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT. The GDR‐MONICA project comprises 25 administratively defined areas with a population of nearly two million people aged 25–64. Data from the first random sample survey are reported here.The survey gathered information regarding risk factors, dietary behaviour, physical activity and psychosocial factors from 11,281 persons aged 25–64. The average risk factor levels were high in the population: The mean casual blood pressure was 140/88 mmHg and 138/86 mmHg for men and women respectively. In both sexes the mean total cholesterol level exceeded 6.1 mmol/L, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was just over 26.0. The study population consumed, on average, excessive amounts of energy, fat, alcohol, and sodium, and too few carbohydrates. Preliminary conclusions regarding unfavourable trends in risk factor levels have been drawn by comparing the present data with other recent reliable epidemiological studies.
Turner's Syndrome Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease. A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: KNUDTZON JØRGEN , SVANE SIVERT 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.A 26‐year‐old woman with Turner's syndrome (45,X/46,X,i(Xq)) and Crohn's disease is reported. The inflammatory bowel disease was aggressive with development of intestinal fistulas. Total proctocolectomy was performed, and the patient recovered remarkably well postoperatively. The association of Turner's syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease is reviewed, with special reference to karyotype, severity, mortality and treatment.
Sudden Death Caused by Heart Block in a Patient with Multiple Myeloma and Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: SKADBERG BRITT T. , BRUSERUD ØYSTEIN , KARWINSKI WITOLD , OHM OLE‐JØRGEN 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.A patient with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis was admitted to hospital following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation at home. No disturbances in heart rhythm were seen during the first 48 hours of continuous telemetric ECG recording. The patient died from ventricular asystole due to complete atrioventricular block, while he was on a 24‐hour Holter monitoring the fifth night in hospital. Patients with known cardiac amyloidosis and syncope should undergo long‐term ECG recordings, preferably by telemetry. Repeated registrations may be necessary to discover disturbances in heart rhythm.
Reduction of Mortality in the Stockholm Ischaemic Heart Disease Secondary Prevention Study by Combined Treatment with Clofibrate and Nicotinic Acid
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , ROSENHAMER GUNNAR 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACT.Consecutive survivors of a myocardial infarction from the Southern Hospital, below 70 years of age, were randomized into a Control group (n=276) and a Treatment group (n=279). The latter was openly prescribed the combination of clofibrate and nicotinic acid for serum lipid lowering. Each patient should remain in the study for 5 years and be seen regularly every 4 months at a special IHD outpatient clinic within the hospital. The concentration of serum cholesterol and triglyceride was lowered by 13% and 19%, respectively, in the Treatment group compared to the Control group. Total mortality was 82 cases in the Control group and 61 in the Treatment group, a 26% reduction (p<0.05). For patients above 60 years of age in the Treatment group the reduction in mortality was 28% (p<0.05). IHD mortality was reduced by 36% (p<0.01)in the Treatment group compared to the Control group. The beneficial effect of the serum lipid lowering treatment was related to the serum triglyceride concentration in two ways. First, it only occurred in patients with a triglyceride level >1.5 mmol/l (n=216). Secondly, it was most pronounced in the 44% of the treated patients who had a lowering of the serum triglyceride concentration by 30% or more, and in this subgroup the reduction of IHD mortality was 60% (p<0.01). For serum cholesterol there were no such relations. The difference between serum triglycerides and cholesterol concerning these relations to the treatment outcome may be due to the fact that hypertriglyceridaemia was the most common hyperlipidaemia among our patients, occurring in 50%, while hypercholesterolaemia only occurred in 13 %. Caution should be exercised in the interpretation of the results as the trial was not blind. However, the fact that the decrease in IHD deaths was directly related to the degree of serum triglyceride lowering indicates that it was the drug effect on serum lipids that was reponsible for the beneficial effect of the treatment.
Comparative landscape genetics of two pond‐breeding amphibian species in a highly modified agricultural landscape
Authors: GOLDBERG C. S. , WAITS L. P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractEvaluating fine‐scale population structure of multiple species in the same landscape increases our ability to identify common patterns as well as discern ecological differences among species’ landscape genetic relationships. In the Palouse bioregion of northern Idaho, USA, 99% of the native prairie has been converted to nonirrigated agriculture and exotic grasslands. Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) and long‐toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) in this area breed almost entirely in artificial ponds on private land. We used genetic distances (FST and Dc) derived from eight microsatellite loci in 783 samples to evaluate the relationships among sympatric breeding populations (N = 20 and 26) of these species in a 213‐km2 landscape. Both species showed a pattern of isolation by distance that was not improved when distance was measured along drainages instead of topographically corrected straight lines (P < 0.01). After testing for autocorrelation among genetic distances, we used an information theoretic approach to model landscape resistance based on slope, soil type, solar insolation, and land cover, and multi‐model inference to rank the resistance of landscape surfaces to dispersal (represented by genetic distance). For both species, urban and rural developed land cover provided the highest landscape resistances. Resistance values for long‐toed salamanders followed a moisture gradient where forest provided the least resistance, while agriculture and shrub/clearcut provided the least resistance for Columbia spotted frogs. Comparative landscape genetics can be a powerful tool for detecting similarities and differences between codistributed species, and resulting models can be used to predict species‐specific responses to landscape change.
Back to nature: ecological genomics of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda, Pinaceae)
Authors: ECKERT ANDREW J. , BOWER ANDREW D. , GONZÁLEZ‐MARTÍNEZ SANTIAGO C. , WEGRZYN JILL L. , COOP GRAHAM , NEALE DAVID B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGenetic variation is often arrayed in latitudinal or altitudinal clines, reflecting either adaptation along environmental gradients, migratory routes, or both. For forest trees, climate is one of the most important drivers of adaptive phenotypic traits. Correlations of single and multilocus genotypes with environmental gradients have been identified for a variety of forest trees. These correlations are interpreted normally as evidence of natural selection. Here, we use a genome‐wide dataset of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) typed from 1730 loci in 682 loblolly pine (Pinus taedaL.) trees sampled from 54 local populations covering the full‐range of the species to examine allelic correlations to five multivariate measures of climate. Applications of a Bayesian generalized linear mixed model, where the climate variable was a fixed effect and an estimated variance–covariance matrix controlled random effects due to shared population history, identified several well‐supported SNPs associating to principal components corresponding to geography, temperature, growing degree‐days, precipitation and aridity. Functional annotation of those genes with putative orthologs in Arabidopsis revealed a diverse set of abiotic stress response genes ranging from transmembrane proteins to proteins involved in sugar metabolism. Many of these SNPs also had large allele frequency differences among populations (FST = 0.10–0.35). These results illustrate a first step towards a ecosystem perspective of population genomics for non‐model organisms, but also highlight the need for further integration of the methodologies employed in spatial statistics, population genetics and climate modeling during scans for signatures of natural selection from genomic data.
Exploring the population genetic consequences of the colonization process with spatio‐temporally explicit models: insights from coupled ecological, demographic and genetic models in montane grasshoppers
Authors: LACEY KNOWLES L. , ALVARADO‐SERRANO DIEGO F. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic consequences of shifting species distributions is critical for evaluating the impact of climate‐induced distributional changes. However, the demographic expansion associated with the colonization process typically takes place across a heterogeneous environment, with population sizes and migration rates varying across the landscape. Here we describe an approach for coupling ecological‐niche models (ENMs) with demographic and genetic models to explore the genetic consequences of distributional shifts across a heterogeneous landscape. Analyses of a flightless grasshopper from the sky islands of the Rocky Mountains of North America are used to show how biologically informed predictions can be generated about the genetic consequences of a colonization process across a spatially and temporally heterogeneous landscape (i.e. the suitability of habitats for the montane species differs across the landscape and is itself not static, with the displacement of contemporary populations into glacial refugia). By using (i) ENMs for current climatic conditions and the last glacial maximum to (ii) parameterize a demographic model of the colonization process, which then (iii) informs coalescent simulations, a set of models can be generated that capture different processes associated with distributional shifts. We discuss how the proposed approach for model generation can be integrated into a statistical framework for estimating key demographic parameters and testing hypotheses about the conditions for which distributional shifts may (or may not) enhance species divergence, including the importance of habitat stability, past gene‐flow among currently isolated populations, and maintenance of refugial populations in multiple geographic regions.
Common factors drive adaptive genetic variation at different spatial scales in Arabis alpina
Authors: MANEL S. , PONCET B. N. , LEGENDRE P. , GUGERLI F. , HOLDEREGGER R. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA major challenges facing landscape geneticists studying adaptive variation is to include all the environmental variables that might be correlated with allele frequencies across the genome. One way of identifying loci that are possibly under selection is to see which ones are associated with environmental gradient or heterogeneity. Since it is difficult to measure all environmental variables, one may take advantage of the spatial nature of environmental filters to incorporate the effect of unaccounted environmental variables in the analysis. Assuming that the spatial signature of these variables is broad‐scaled, broad‐scale Moran’s eigenvector maps (MEM) can be included as explanatory variables in the analysis as proxies for unmeasured environmental variables. We applied this approach to two data sets of the alpine plant Arabis alpina. The first consisted of 140 AFLP loci sampled at 130 sites across the European Alps (large scale). The second one consisted of 712 AFLP loci sampled at 93 sites (regional scale) in three mountain massifs (local scale) of the French Alps. For each scale, we regressed the frequencies of each AFLP allele on a set of eco‐climatic and MEM variables as predictors. Twelve (large scale) and 11% (regional scale) of all loci were detected as significantly correlated to at least one of the predictors ( > 0.5), and, except for one massif, 17% at the local scale. After accounting for spatial effects, temperature and precipitation were the two major determinants of allele distributions. Our study shows how MEM models can account for unmeasured environmental variation in landscape genetics models.