bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pump‐Probe Spectroscopy in Organic Semiconductors: Monitoring Fundamental Processes of Relevance in Optoelectronics
Authors: Cabanillas‐Gonzalez Juan , Grancini Giulia , Lanzani Guglielmo 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn this review we highlight the contribution of pump‐probe spectroscopy to understand elementary processes taking place in organic based optoelectronic devices. The techniques described in this article span from conventional pump‐probe spectroscopy to electromodulated pump‐probe and the state‐of‐the‐art confocal pump‐probe microscopy. The article is structured according to three fundamental processes (optical gain, charge photogeneration and charge transport) and the contribution of these techniques on them. The combination of these tools opens up new perspectives for assessing the role of short‐lived excited states on processes lying underneath organic device operation.
Harnessing of novel tailored modified pregelled starch‐derived products in sizing of cotton textiles
Authors: Mostafa Kh. M. , El‐Sanabary A. A. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractSeveral researches and developmental work efforts were made to synthesize what is called tailored polymeric materials with new characteristics based on pregelled starch through a number of processes, which in turn entailed several chemical treatments. This was done by subjecting the pregelled starch as a starting substrate to acid hydrolysis to obtain pregelled starch having different molecular sizes. The latter were carbamoylethylated using acrylamide and sodium hydroxide at different duration, and then grafted with different monomers using potassium permanganate/citric acid redox system for initiating grafting. Furthermore, harnessing of the newly tailored pregelled starch‐derived products as sizing agent of cotton textiles was studied systematically. It is shown from the data that (a) the extent of carbamoylethylation expressed as N% increases by increasing the extent of hydrolysis and duration; (b) the graft yield expressed as mmol monomer/100 g sample of different monomers onto carbamoylethylated pregelled starch and carbamoylethylated hydrolyzed pregelled starches increases by increasing the extent of carbamoylethylation and the degree of hydrolysis, and follows the order: methacrylamide > methacrylonitrile > methacrylic acid; and (c) cotton fabrics sized with grafted carbamoylethylated hydrolyzed pregelled starch acquire higher mechanical properties, i.e., tensile strength, elongation at break, and abrasion resistance values than hydrolyzed pregelled starches, carbamoylethylated pregelled starch, and carbamoylethylated hydrolyzed pregelled starches. Using the above tailored modified pregelled starch‐derived products in sizing of cotton textiles contributed to the reinforcement of the cotton textile after sizing to over come the forced loss in fabrics/yarns during spinning process, as shown above. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 52–62, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20234
Long‐term outcome of pomalidomide therapy in myelofibrosis
Authors: Begna Kebede H. , Pardanani Animesh , Mesa Ruben , Litzow Mark R. , Hogan William J. , Hanson Curtis A. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: October 2011

AbstractNinety‐four Mayo Clinic patients with myelofibrosis (MF) participated in two consecutive clinical trials of pomalidomide (0.5–3.5 mg/day), with or without prednisone. Overall anemia response was 27% and increased to 53% in JAK2V617F‐positive patients with <10 cm palpable splenomegaly and <5% circulating blasts; response rate was 0% in mutation‐negative patients with either ≥10 cm splenomegaly or ≥5% circulating blasts (P = 0.0001). Median duration of anemia response was 16 months. Treatment effect on splenomegaly was negligible. To date, pomalidomide therapy has been discontinued in 86 (91%) patients at a rate of 68% at 1 year and 89% at 2 years. Grade 1 sensory neuropathy developed in 4 (13%) of 30 patients treated for ≥1 year. Risk‐adjusted survival in pomalidomide‐treated primary MF patients (n = 72) was similar to their counterparts not exposed to the drug (n = 471; P = 0.19). Long‐term follow‐up of pomalidomide treatment in MF reveals palliative value for a select group of patients and treatment‐emergent sensory neuropathy. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Occupational injuries among nurses and aides in a hospital setting
Authors: Boden Leslie I. , Sembajwe Grace , Tveito Torill H. , Hashimoto Dean , Hopcia Karen , Kenwood Christopher , Stoddard Anne M. , Sorensen Glorian 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundPatient care workers in acute care hospitals are at high risk of injury. Recent studies have quantified risks and demonstrated a higher risk for aides than for nurses. However, no detailed studies to date have used OSHA injury definitions to allow for better comparability across studies.MethodsWe linked records from human resources and occupational health services databases at two large academic hospitals for nurses (n = 5,991) and aides (n = 1,543) in patient care units. Crude rates, rate ratios, and confidence intervals were calculated for injuries involving no days away and those involving at least 1 day away from work.ResultsAides have substantially higher injury rates per 100 full‐time equivalent workers (FTEs) than nurses for both injuries involving days away from work (11.3 vs. 7.2) and those involving no days away (9.9 vs. 5.7). Back injuries were the most common days away (DA) injuries, while sharps injuries were the most common no days away (NDA) injuries. Pediatric/neonatal units and non‐inpatient units had the lowest injury rates. Operating rooms and the float pool had high DA injury rates for both occupations, and stepdown units had high rates for nurses. NDA injuries were highest in the operating room for both nurses and aides.ConclusionsThis study supports the importance of a continuing emphasis on preventing back and sharps injuries and reducing risks faced by aides in the hospital setting. Uniform injury definitions and work time measures can help benchmark safety performance and focus prevention efforts. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:117–126, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do dutch workers seek and find information on occupational safety and health?
Authors: Rhebergen Martijn D.F. , Lenderink Annet F. , van Dijk Frank J.H. , Hulshof Carel T.J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, little is known about workers' occupational safety and health (OSH) information‐seeking behavior.MethodsWe assessed whether Dutch workers have (OSH) questions, what motivates them to seek information or advice to solve these questions, and whether workers actually find the information they are looking for. A random sample of 888 workers from a large business panel were sent an online questionnaire. In total, 535 workers, likely parallel to the Dutch working population, returned the questionnaire (response rate 60%).ResultsIn the last year, 380 of the 535 respondents (71%) had at least one OSH question. In total, 159 of the 380 respondents (42%) with an OSH question actively searched for information or advice. In a logistic regression analysis, three factors were identified to influence workers' information seeking: cognitions about personal benefits or costs of solving the question (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.8–4.5), emotions that accompany the question (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.0), and encouragement by the social environment (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0–3.0). In total, 50% of the respondents seeking information indicated they could not find (all) the information they sought. The barrier most often mentioned (47%) was the poor applicability of the information.ConclusionsAlthough most workers have OSH questions, only 40% seek information or advice to answer their questions. Moreover, many OSH questions remain unanswered by common information facilities. This study provides input on how to develop campaigns and new facilities that may induce workers to seek information and that offer more applicable information. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:250–259, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Buton macaques (Macaca ochreata brunnescens): crops, conflict, and behavior on farms
Authors: Priston Nancy E.C. , Wyper Rebecca M. , Lee Phyllis C. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractOne consequence of anthropogenic habitat alteration is that many nonhuman primates are forced into conflict interactions with humans and their livelihood activities, especially through crop raiding. These problems are particularly acute for the endemic and threatened Buton Island macaque (Macaca ochreata brunnescens), in southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Our study investigated the crop raiding behavior of this species over time. Foods eaten and the behavioral repertoire exhibited by macaques during crop raiding at and inside farm perimeters were observed over a period of 8 years (2002–2009). Storage organ crops (e.g. sweet potato) were abundant and most frequently raided by macaques. Individual macaques were most commonly observed to raid close (0–10 m) to farm perimeters. Activities such as feeding, resting, moving, and social interaction varied significantly as a function of penetration distance into the farm, but only marginally between age‐sex classes. The annual average raid frequency per farm decreased over the latter years of the study period, raising questions about changes in macaque foraging and ranging behavior over time and their response to farm management and mitigation strategies. Am. J. Primatol. 74:29–36, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitochondrial haplogroup C4c: A rare lineage entering America through the ice‐free corridor?
Authors: Kashani Baharak Hooshiar , Perego Ugo A. , Olivieri Anna , Angerhofer Norman , Gandini Francesca , Carossa Valeria , Lancioni Hovirag , Semino Ornella , Woodward Scott R. , Achilli Alessandro , Torroni Antonio 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecent analyses of mitochondrial genomes from Native Americans have brought the overall number of recognized maternal founding lineages from just four to a current count of 15. However, because of their relative low frequency, almost nothing is known for some of these lineages. This leaves a considerable void in understanding the events that led to the colonization of the Americas following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this study, we identified and completely sequenced 14 mitochondrial DNAs belonging to one extremely rare Native American lineage known as haplogroup C4c. Its age and geographical distribution raise the possibility that C4c marked the Paleo‐Indian group(s) that entered North America from Beringia through the ice‐free corridor between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. The similarities in ages andgeographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo‐Indians. Taking into account that C4c is deeply rooted in the Asian portion of the mtDNA phylogeny and is indubitably of Asian origin, the finding that C4c and X2a are characterized by parallel genetic histories definitively dismisses the controversial hypothesis of an Atlantic glacial entry route into North America. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chemically induced graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto lignocellulosic fibers
Authors: Singha A. S. , Rana Raj K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe grafting of vinyl monomers is an important method for replacing hydrophilic hydroxyl groups present on the surface of natural fibers by hydrophobic polymer chains. It improves the compatibility of natural fibers with polymer matrixes during the fabrication of natural‐fiber‐reinforced polymer composites. This article deals with the graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto Agave americana fibers in air in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate as a redox initiator. A maximum percentage grafting of 24% was obtained after the optimization of various reaction parameters, including the reaction time, temperature, and concentrations of nitric acid, initiator, and monomer. The graft copolymers obtained under the optimum conditions were then subjected to the evaluation of different physicochemical properties, including swelling behavior in different solvents, moisture absorption behavior under different humidity levels, and chemical resistance. The graft copolymers were further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis), and X‐ray diffraction techniques. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Visualization of global science and technology policy research structure
Authors: Su Hsin‐Ning 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study proposes an approach for visualizing knowledge structures that creates a “research‐focused parallelship network,” “keyword co‐occurrence network,” and a knowledge map to visualize Sci‐Tech policy research structure. A total of 1,125 Sci‐Tech policy‐related papers (873 journal papers [78%], 205 conference papers [18%], and 47 review papers [4%]) have been retrieved from the Web of Science database for quantitative analysis and mapping. Different network and contour maps based on these 1,125 papers can be constructed by choosing different information as the main actor, such as the paper title, the institute, the country, or the author keywords, to reflect Sci‐Tech policy research structures in micro‐, meso‐, and macro‐levels, respectively. The quantitative way of exploring Sci‐Tech policy research papers is investigated to unveil important or emerging Sci‐Tech policy implications as well as to demonstrate the dynamics and visualization of the evolution of Sci‐Tech policy research.
Catalytic solid substrate–room‐temperature phosphorimetry detection for trace cadmium with Cd2+–3.5‐generation polyamidoamine dendrimer–Tween‐80 complex
Authors: Liu Jia‐Ming , Wang Hong‐Xin , Lin Li‐ping , Lin Shao‐Qin , Lin Xuan , Cai Wen‐lian , Lin Chang‐Qing , Li Zhi‐Ming 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT3.5‐Generation polyamidoamine dendrimers (3.5‐G‐D) emitted strong and stable room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) on filter paper when Pb2+ was used as a heavy atom perturber. The RTP signal of 3.5‐G‐D was sharply enhanced upon the formation of 3.5‐G‐D–Tween‐80 micelle compound. The complex Cd2+–3.5‐G‐D–Tween‐80, generated in the coordination reaction between Cd2+ and the tertiary amidocyanogen on the outer layer of 3.5‐G‐D in 3.5‐G‐D–Tween‐80 micelle compound, could catalyze KBrO3 to oxidize 3.5‐G‐D in 3.5‐G‐D–Tween‐80, which caused the sharp quenching of the RTP signal of the system. The phosphorescence intensity change (ΔIp) of the system had a linear relationship with the content of Cd2+. Thus a new catalytic solid substrate–room‐temperature phosphorimetry (SS‐RTP) for the determination of trace cadmium has been established. This highly selective and sensitive method has been applied to determine trace cadmium in biological samples with a limit of detection (LD) of 1.2 ag per spot (when the sample volume was 0.4 μL per spot, the corresponding concentration was 3.0 × 10−15 g mL−1), the results agreeing with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mechanism of catalytic SS‐RTP for the determination of trace cadmium was also discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical stability of low‐humidity single DNA molecules
Authors: Hormeño Silvia , Ibarra Borja , Valpuesta José M. , Carrascosa José L. , Ricardo Arias‐Gonzalez J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDNA electrostatic character is mostly determined by both water and counterions activities in the phosphate backbone, which together with base sequence, further confer its higher order structure. The authors overstretch individual double‐stranded DNA molecules in water–ethanol solutions to investigate the modulation of its mechanical stability by hydration and polycations. The authors found that DNA denatures as ethanol concentration is increased and spermine concentration decreased. This is manifested by an increase in melting hysteresis between the stretch and release curves, with sharp transition at 10% ethanol and reentrant behavior at 60%, by a loss of cooperativity in the overstretching transition and by a dramatic decrease of both the persistence length and the flexural rigidity. Changes in base‐stacking stability which are characteristic of the B‐A transition between 70 and 80% ethanol concentration do not manifest in the mechanical properties of the double‐helical molecule at low or high force or in the behavior of the overstretching and melting transitions within this ethanol concentration range. This is consistent with a mechanism in which A‐type base‐stacking is unstable in the presence of tension. Binding of motor proteins to DNA locally reduces the number of water molecules and therefore, our results may shed light on analogous reduced‐water activity of DNA conditions caused by other molecules, which interact with DNA in vivo. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97: 199–208, 2012.
The triple helical structure and stability of collagen model peptide with 4(s)‐hydroxyprolyl‐pro‐gly units
Authors: Motooka Daisuke , Kawahara Kazuki , Nakamura Shota , Doi Masamitsu , Nishi Yoshinori , Nishiuchi Yuji , Kang Young Kee , Nakazawa Takashi , Uchiyama Susumu , Yoshida Takuya , Ohkubo Tadayasu , Kobayashi Yuji 
Published: October 2011

AbstractExtensive studies on the structure of collagen have revealed that the hydroxylation of Pro residues in a variety of model peptides with the typical (X‐Y‐Gly)nrepeats (X and Y: Pro and its analogues) represents one of the major factors influencing the stability of triple helices. While(2S,4R)‐hydroxyproline (Hyp) at the position Y stabilizes the triple helix, (2S,4S)‐hydroxyproline (hyp) at the X‐position destabilizes the helix as demonstrated that the triple helix of (hyp‐Pro‐Gly)15 is less stable than that of (Pro‐Pro‐Gly)15 and that a shorter peptide (hyp‐Pro‐Gly)10 does not form the helix. To clarify the role of the hydroxyl group of Pro residues to play in the stabilization mechanism of the collagen triple helix, we synthesized and crystallized a model peptide (Pro‐Hyp‐Gly)4‐(hyp‐Pro‐Gly)2‐(Pro‐Hyp‐Gly)4 and analyzed its structure by X‐ray crystallography and CD spectroscopy. In the crystal, the main‐chain of this peptide forms a typical collagen like triple helix. The majority of hyp residues take down pucker with exceptionally shallow angles probably to relieve steric hindrance, but the remainders protrude the hydroxyl group toward solvent with the less favorable up pucker to fit in a triple helix. There is no indication of the existence of an intra‐molecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl moiety and the carbonyl oxygen of hyp supposed to destabilize the triple helix. We also compared the conformational energies of up and down packers of the pyrrolidine ring in Ac‐hyp‐NMe2 by quantum mechanical calculations. © © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 111–121, 2012.
Alternative packing modes leading to amyloid polymorphism in five fragments studied with molecular dynamics
Authors: Berhanu Workalemahu M. , Masunov Artëm E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAmyloid aggregates have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and prion disease. Recently determined microcrystal structures of several short peptide segments derived from fibril‐forming proteins revealed coexistence of alternative aggregation modes (amyloid polymorphism) formed by the same segment. This polymorphism may help in understanding the influence of the side chain packing on the amyloid stability. Here we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to analyze the stability of five pairs of polar and nonpolar polymorphic oligomers. MD simulation shows polymorphs with steric zipper interface containing large polar and/or aromatic side chains (GNNQQNY, and NNQNTF) are more stable than steric zipper interfaces made of small or hydrophobic residues (SSTNGVG, VQIVYK, and MVGGVV). Several geometric analyses revealed that larger sheet to sheet interface of the dry steric zipper through polar Q/N rich side chains holds the sheets together. Mutant simulations (Q/N→G) show substitutions with glycine disrupt the steric zipper, leading to unstable oligomers. Stability of Q/N rich oligomers was found to result from the large average number of hydrogen bonds. The molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) method reports the nonpolar component of free energy to be favorable, while electrostatic solvation is unfavorable for β‐sheet association. Knowledge of structural properties of these fibrils might be useful for developing therapeutic agents against amyloidoses as well as for developing biomaterials. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 131–144, 2012.
Characterization of a heterodimeric Smac‐based peptide that features sequences specific to both the BIR2 and BIR3 domains of the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein
Authors: Speer Kelsey F. , Cosimini Charles L. , Splan Kathryn E. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractXIAP, an important regulator of apoptosis, has emerged as a target for the development of cancer therapeutics. The homodimeric Smac protein simultaneously binds to both the BIR2 and BIR3 domains of XIAP. Peptide‐based dimeric compounds that mimic the binding mode of Smac show promise as XIAP antagonists. Herein we characterize the first example of a Smac mimetic that incorporates a peptide sequence specific for BIR2. We show that the tetrapeptide motif Ala‐Glu‐Ala‐Val has a higher affinity for BIR2 than the BIR3‐specific sequence Ala‐Val‐Pro‐Phe, and we compare the binding characteristics of a heterodimeric peptide containing both tetrapeptide motifs to those of a homodimeric peptide featuring only AVPF. Despite the enhanced affinity of AEAV (relative to AVPF) for BIR2, the heterodimeric peptide displays only a slightly higher affinity for XIAP relative to its homodimeric counterpart. Enhanced affinity of both dimers relative to the tetrapeptide AVPF is largely maintained even when the BIR2 binding groove is modified, implying that hydrophobic contacts afforded by the second peptide motif need not necessarily be made at the BIR2 binding groove to contribute substantial binding energy. Finally, we use mutagenesis to show that the difference in sequence specificity observed between the two domains is primarily owing to steric bulk introduced at the BIR2 site by lysine 206. Replacement of K206 at BIR2 with glycine, the corresponding residue in BIR3, restores the majority of the affinity for the AVPF motif exhibited by BIR3. The implications of these finding in the development of XIAP antagonists are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 122–130, 2012.