bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing for Prudence and Skewness Seeking
Authors: Ebert Sebastian , Wiesen Daniel 
Published: July 2011

Numerous theoretical predictions such as precautionary saving or preventive behavior have been derived for prudent decision makers. Further, prudence can be characterized as downside risk aversion and plays a key role in preference for skewness. We use a simple experimental method to test for prudence and skewness preference in the laboratory and compare the two. To this end, we introduce a novel graphical representation of compound lotteries that is easily accessible to subjects and test it for robustness, using a factorial design. Prudence is observed on the aggregate and individual level. We find that prudence does not boil down to skewness seeking. We further provide some theoretical explanations for this result. This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
Posterior pituitary (PP) evaluation in patients with anterior pituitary defect associated with ectopic PP and septo-optic dysplasia
Authors: Secco Andrea , Allegri Anna Elsa Maria , di Iorgi Natascia , Napoli Flavia , Calcagno AnnaLisa , Bertelli Enrica , Olivieri Irene , Pala Giovanna , Parodi Stefano , Gastaldi Roberto , Rossi Andrea , Maghnie Mohamad 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveControversies exist about posterior pituitary (PP) function in subjects with ectopic PP (EPP) and with cerebral midline defects and/or their co-occurrence. We investigate water and electrolyte disturbances in patients at risk for PP dysfunction.DesignThe study was conducted in a single Pediatric Endocrinology Research Unit.MethodsForty-two subjects with childhood-onset GH deficiency were subdivided into five groups: normal magnetic resonance imaging (n=8, group 1); EPP (n=15, group 2); septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) with normal PP (n=4, group 3); EPP and SOD without (n=7, group 4), and with additional midline brain abnormalities (n=8, group 5). At a mean age of 16.0±1.1 years, they underwent a 120 min i.v. infusion with hypertonic 5% saline and evaluation of plasma osmolality (Posm), arginine vasopressin (AVP), thirst score (in groups 1 and 2), and urinary osmolality were performed.ResultsMean Posm and AVP significantly increased from baseline scores (284.7±4.9 mosm/kg and 0.6±0.2 pmol/l) to 120 min after saline infusion (300.5±8.0 mosm/kg and 10.3±3.3 pmol/l,P<0.0001). Group 5 showed higher mean Posm and lower mean AVP at all time points (P<0.0001). Mean thirst score did not show a significantly different trend between the groups 1 and 2. Urine osmolality was above 750 mosm/kg in all but seven patients after osmotic challenge.ConclusionsPatients with midline brain abnormalities and EPP have defective osmoregulated AVP. Patients with EPP and congenital hypopituitarism have normal PP function.
The Genetic Architecture of Ecophysiological and Circadian Traits in Brassica rapa
Authors: Edwards Christine E , Ewers Brent E , Williams David G , Xie Qiguang , Lou Ping , Xu Xiaodong , McClung C Robertson , Weinig Cynthia 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Developmental mechanisms that enable perception of and response to the environment may enhance fitness. Ecophysiological traits typically vary depending on local conditions and contribute to resource acquisition and allocation, yet correlations may limit adaptive trait expression. Notably, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance vary diurnally, and the circadian clock, which is an internal estimate of time that anticipates diurnal light/dark cycles, may synchronize physiological behaviors with environmental conditions. Using recombinant inbred lines of Brassica rapa, we examined the quantitative-genetic architecture of ecophysiological and phenological traits and tested their association with the circadian clock. We also investigated how trait expression differed across treatments that simulated seasonal settings encountered by crops and naturalized populations. Many ecophysiological traits were correlated, and some correlations were consistent with expected biophysical constraints; for example, stomata jointly regulate photosynthesis and transpiration by affecting carbon dioxide and water vapor diffusion across leaf surfaces, and these traits were correlated. Interestingly, some genotypes had unusual combinations of ecophysiological traits, such as high photosynthesis in combination with low stomatal conductance or leaf nitrogen, and selection on these genotypes could provide a mechanism for crop improvement. At the genotypic and QTL level, circadian period was correlated with leaf nitrogen, instantaneous measures of photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance as well as with a long-term proxy (carbon isotope discrimination) for gas exchange, suggesting that gas exchange is partly regulated by the clock and thus synchronized with daily light cycles. The association between circadian rhythms and ecophysiological traits is relevant to crop improvement and adaptive evolution.
RIC8 Is a Guanine-Nucleotide Exchange Factor for Gα Subunits That Regulates Growth and Development in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Wright Sara J , Inchausti Regina , Eaton Carla J , Krystofova Svetlana , Borkovich Katherine A 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Heterotrimeric (αβγ) G proteins are crucial components of eukaryotic signal transduction pathways. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Gα subunits. Recently, facilitated GDP/GTP exchange by non-GPCR GEFs, such as RIC8, has emerged as an important mechanism for Gα regulation in animals. RIC8 is present in animals and filamentous fungi, such as the model eukaryote Neurospora crassa, but is absent from the genomes of baker’s yeast and plants. In Neurospora, deletion of ric8 leads to profound defects in growth and asexual and sexual development, similar to those observed for a mutant lacking the Gα genes gna-1 and gna-3. In addition, constitutively activated alleles of gna-1 and gna-3 rescue many defects of Δric8 mutants. Similar to reports in Drosophila, Neurospora Δric8 strains have greatly reduced levels of G-protein subunits. Effects on cAMP signaling are suggested by low levels of adenylyl cyclase protein in Δric8 mutants and suppression of Δric8 by a mutation in the protein kinase A regulatory subunit. RIC8 acts as a GEF for GNA-1 and GNA-3 in vitro, with the strongest effect on GNA-3. Our results support a role for RIC8 in regulating GNA-1 and GNA-3 in Neurospora.
Short separating geodesics for multiply connected domains
Authors: Comerford Mark 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We consider the following questions: given a hyperbolic plane domain and a separation of its complement into two disjoint closed sets each of which contains at least two points, what is the shortest closed hyperbolic geodesic which separates these sets and is it a simple closed curve? We show that a shortest geodesic always exists although in general it may not be simple. However, one can also always find a shortest simple curve and we call such a geodesic a meridian of the domain. We prove that, although they are not in general uniquely defined, if one of the sets of the separation of the complement is connected, then they are unique and are also the shortest possible geodesics which separate the complement in this fashion.
Multiplicative isometries on the Smirnov class
Authors: Hatori Osamu , Iida Yasuo 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We show that T is a surjective multiplicative (but not necessarily linear) isometry from the Smirnov class on the open unit disk, the ball, or the polydisk onto itself, if and only if there exists a holomorphic automorphism Φ such that T(f)=f ○ Φ for every class element f or T(f) = $\overline {f^\circ \bar \varphi } $ for every class element f, where the automorphism Φ is a unitary transformation in the case of the ball and Φ(z
1, ..., z
n) = $(\lambda _1 z_{i_1 } ,...,\lambda _n z_{i_n } )$ for |λ
j| = 1, 1 ≤ j ≤ n, and (i
1; ..., i
n)is some permutation of the integers from 1through n in the case of the n-dimensional polydisk.
Factors Influencing Learners' Satisfaction in an Open E-Learning Environment
Authors: Klaos Sirje 
Published: July 2011

Factors Influencing Learners' Satisfaction in an Open E-Learning EnvironmentA number of new open learning environments have risen aside to common e-learning environments. Wikiversity is an open environment to all community members. Students' behaviours change in the community creation process, and their self-satisfaction impacts learning. The study methodology is qualitative content analysis, and the data is collected from students' blogs, online and focus group interviews. Data is based on a monitored course for bachelor students of special pedagogy (n=21). There was a possibility to test and assess modern e-learning technologies and use a socio-constructive learning process. The results are studied in light of social-exchange theory. The outcome of this study indicated that learners' satisfaction increases with free access to fellow students' works, full and equal membership of the community and an opportunity to compare oneself to the others. The future research should focus on optimization of policies and sustainable development in education to establish successful exchange systems.
Théâtre et intermédialité
Authors: Lesage Marie-Christine 
Published: July 2011

This essay investigates three different uses of visual technology (integration, differential and simulation) in three North-American productions: the solo Elseneur (1997) by Robert Lepage,
Hamlet (2006) by The Wooster Group and Les Aveugles (2002) by Denis Marleau. It demonstrates how, in these cases, the use of visual technology stimulates the spectator’s imagination, moving its perception and reinventing theatrical dynamism.
Clinical Features, Oseltamivir Treatment and Outcome in Infants Aged <12 Months with Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza a in 2009
Authors: Khandaker Gulam , Zurynski Yvonne , Lester-Smith David , Kesson Alison , Heron Leon , Dwyer Dominic E , Elliott Elizabeth J , Booy Robert 
Published: July 2011

Background Data on the use of oseltamivir in infants is limited. We documented the clinical presentations of infants aged <12 months hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza A in the southern hemisphere winter of 2009 and compared outcomes in relation to oseltamivir therapy. Methods Data were extracted from prospectively collected and collated influenza case reports (June– September 2009) ascertained through Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance, an in-patient surveillance system operating at the Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW), Sydney, NSW, Australia. Nosocomial cases were excluded. Results Of 56 infants with definite influenza (35 pandemic H1N1 2009) admitted to the CHW, 20 were treated with oseltamivir. Overall, 12 (60%) of those treated with oseltamivir were aged <6 months. Cough, fever and coryza were the most common clinical features (≥70%). Vomiting was present on admission in 31.4%. All 7 cases presenting with vomiting then given antiviral treatment had reduction of vomiting and the other 13 did not develop vomiting on treatment. There were three infants with hypoxaemia (oxygen saturation ≤93%) on presentation in the treatment group compared with none in the control group ( P=0.04). The median duration of hospital stay was the same in both groups (2.5 days). Conclusions The use of oseltamivir was well tolerated in hospitalized infants. Vomiting, one of the widely reported side effects of oseltamivir, was found to be more a presenting symptom of influenza than a side effect of oseltamivir. Based on pulse oximetry, oseltamivir-treated cases may have been more severe on presentation, but there was no significant difference in length of hospital stay.
Geriatric Psychology and Prosthodontic Patient
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Polsani Laxman Rao , Githanjali M , Raut Anjana 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACT
The problem of adjusting to old age in our modern society is becoming extremely difficult owing to the high values placed on youth, beauty and virility. For the aged themselves, these are frustrating years. They realize that they are beyond their productive peak and many of their ideas, goals, ambitions, hopes can never be attained. It is unfortunate that the geriatric patient generally needs most of the necessary dental and medical services at an age when he is least able to tolerate and afford them. The dental problems of geriatric patients present in the prosthodontic clinic differ because of the psychological factors always associated with them. The clinician should understand the psychological part of a dental problem of a geriatric patient because it always influences the decision making and treatment plan. An attempt has been made in this article to review these psychological factors and critically analyze their influence in dental treatment plan.
Der Einsatz von Nanoskiving zur Fertigung von Nanostrukturen für elektronische und optische Anwendungen
Authors: Lipomi Darren J. , Martínez Ramsés V. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDieser Aufsatz handelt von “Nanoskiving” (zu Deutsch etwa: Nano‐Hartschälen oder Nano‐Dünnschleifen) – einer einfachen und kostengünstigen Methode zur Nanofertigung, die die Notwendigkeit eines Zugangs zu Reinräumen und den dazugehörigen Einrichtungen minimiert, und die es zudem ermöglicht, Nanostrukturen aus Materialien und in Formen zu erstellen, für die herkömmlichere Methoden der Nanofertigung ungeeignet wären. Nanoskiving besteht aus drei Stufen: 1) Auftragung eines metallischen, halbleitenden, keramischen oder polymeren Dünnfilms auf eine Epoxidharz‐Oberfläche; 2) Einbetten dieses Films in Epoxidharz, sodass ein Epoxidharzblock entsteht, in dem der Film eingeschlossen ist; und 3) Aufteilen des Epoxidharzblocks in dünne Scheiben mithilfe eines Ultramikrotoms. Die Scheiben, die zwischen 30 nm und 10 μm dick sind, enthalten Nanostrukturen, deren laterale Abmessungen den Stärken der eingebetteten Filme entsprechen. Elektronische Anwendungen der Strukturen, die über diesen Prozess erhalten werden, finden sich in der Fertigung von Nanoelektroden für die Elektrochemie, von chemoresistenten Nanodrähten und von Heterostrukturen organischer Halbleiter. Optische Anwendungen finden sich in den Bereichen der Resonatoren für Oberflächenplasmonen, der plasmonischen Hohlleiter und den frequenzselektiven Oberflächen.
Use of Thin Sectioning (Nanoskiving) to Fabricate Nanostructures for Electronic and Optical Applications
Authors: Lipomi Darren J. , Martinez Ramses V. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis Review discusses nanoskiving—a simple and inexpensive method of nanofabrication, which minimizes requirements for access to cleanrooms and associated facilities, and which makes it possible to fabricate nanostructures from materials, and of geometries, to which more familiar methods of nanofabrication are not applicable. Nanoskiving requires three steps: 1) deposition of a metallic, semiconducting, ceramic, or polymeric thin film onto an epoxy substrate; 2) embedding this film in epoxy, to form an epoxy block, with the film as an inclusion; and 3) sectioning the epoxy block into slabs with an ultramicrotome. These slabs, which can be 30 nm–10 μm thick, contain nanostructures whose lateral dimensions are equal to the thicknesses of the embedded thin films. Electronic applications of structures produced by this method include nanoelectrodes for electrochemistry, chemoresistive nanowires, and heterostructures of organic semiconductors. Optical applications include surface plasmon resonators, plasmonic waveguides, and frequency‐selective surfaces.
Development of a whole‐cell screening system for evaluation of the human CYP1A2‐mediated metabolism
Authors: Chu Chih‐Chieh , Pan Kao‐Lu , Yao Hsien‐Tsung , Hsu John Tsu‐An 
Published: July 2011

AbstractCytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is an important member of cytochrome P450 involved in drug metabolism. In this study, a cell line, Huh7‐1A2‐I‐E, with high expression level of CYP1A2 is established based on Huh7 cells. To achieve this, we constructed a recombinant lentiviral vector, pLenti‐1A2‐I‐E, containing a single promoter encoding CYP1A2 followed by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) to permit the translation of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). Such a design has greatly facilitated the selection of stable cell lines because the translations of CYP1A2 and EGFP proteins would be based on a single bi‐cistronic mRNA. The Huh7‐1A2‐I‐E cells were evaluated as a cell‐based model for identification of CYP1A2 inhibitors and for studies of cytotoxicity resulted from CYP‐mediated drug metabolism. Treatment of Huh7‐1A2‐I‐E cells and the Huh7‐E control cells with aflatoxin B1 showed that cells with CYP1A2 expression are much more sensitive to aflatoxin B1 and the cellular toxicity of aflatoxin B1 in Huh7‐1A2‐I‐E cells could be prevented by furafylline, a CYP1A2 inhibitor. A collection of approximately 200 drugs were screened using this system and results indicate that for most drugs the metabolism by CYP1A2 is unlikely to have made a major contribution to the in vitro cytotoxicity except for thimerosal and evoxine. Several previously unidentified CYP1A2 inhibitors such as evoxine and berberine were also identified in this study. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2932–2940. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chirality generated by flows in pseudocyanine dye J‐aggregates: Revisiting 40 years old reports
Authors: El‐Hachemi Zoubir , Arteaga Oriol , Canillas Adolf , Crusats Joaquim , Llorens Joan , Ribo Josep M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSpontaneous symmetry breaking in J‐aggregates of cyanine dyes has a long history in chemical literature. In 1976, Honda and Hada claimed that they had achieved chiral induction (CD) by stirring J‐aggregates of pseudocyanine. However, this report is controversial, as the combinations of linear dichroism and birefringence can lead to artifactual circular dichroic signals that are unrelated to molecular chirality. A Mueller matrix spectroscopy study, with an approach for the application of a gradient of the shear rate (solution layer between a rotating and a fixed disk) that differs from the simple vortex stirring used in the original report, shows that true CD can be induced in the sample. The phenomenon is discussed, taking into account the flow dynamics that allows the alignment of the aggregate particles and the gradient of shear rates that determines their folding/torsion, which leads to a chiral excitonic transition. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral separation of flurbiprofen enantiomers by preparative and simulated moving bed chromatography
Authors: Ribeiro António E. , Gomes Pedro Sá , Pais Luís S. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study presents the chiral resolution of flurbiprofen enantiomers by preparative liquid chromatography using the simulated moving bed (SMB) technology. Flurbiprofen enantiomers are widely used as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and although demonstrate different therapeutic actions, they are still marketed as a racemic mixture. The results presented here clearly show the importance of the selection of the proper solvent composition for the preparative separation of flurbiprofen enantiomers. Chiral SMB separation is carried out using a laboratory‐scale unit (the FlexSMB‐LSRE®) with six columns, packed with the Chiralpak AD® stationary phase (20 μm). Results presented include the experimental measurement of equilibrium and kinetic data for two very different solvent compositions, a traditional high hydrocarbon content [10%ethanol/90%n‐hexane/0.01% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)] and a strong polar organic composition (100%ethanol/0.01%TFA). Experimental data, obtained using the two mobile phase compositions, are used to predict and optimize the SMB operation. After selecting 10%ethanol/90%n‐hexane/0.01%TFA as the most appropriate solvent composition, three feed concentrations of racemic flurbiprofen were considered. Using 40 g/l of racemic flurbiprofen feed solution, the purities for both outlet streams were above 99.4%, the productivity was 13.1 gfeed/(Lbedh), and a solvent consumption of 0.41 Lsolvent/gfeedwas achieved. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biodegradability of Ionic Liquids – Test Procedures and Structural Design
Authors: Stolte Stefan , Arning Jürgen , Thöming Jorg 
Published: July 2011

AbstractDie biologische Abbaubarkeit ist ein zentraler Parameter bei der Einschätzung des Risikopotenzials einer Chemikalie und legt die zeitliche und räumliche Ausbreitung und die mögliche Anreicherung in der Umwelt von Substanzen fest. Insbesondere die Abbaubarkeit von ionischen Flüssigkeiten (ILs) scheint ein Flaschenhals bei der Entwicklung von umweltfreundlichen ILs zu sein, weil sich die hohe thermische und (elektro)chemische Stabilität vieler Vertreter dieser Substanzklasse auch in deren Stabilität gegenüber abiotischen und biologischen Abbauprozessen in der Umwelt widerspiegelt. Dieser Übersichtsartikel gibt eine Einführung in Testverfahren und einen Überblick zum Stand des Wissens zur Abbaubarkeit von ILs. Hierbei soll der Schwerpunkt auf Struktur‐Abbaubarkeits‐Beziehungen liegen und herausgestellt werden, welche Strukturmerkmale die Abbaubarkeit von ILs erhöhen bzw. senken. Die Diskussion dieser Ergebnisse soll das zukünftige Design von Verbindungen mit einem reduzierten Gefahrenpotenzial für Mensch und Umwelt unterstützen.
Modeling of Biological Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Khataee Ali R. , Kasiri Masoud B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA growing world population, unrelenting urbanization, increasing scarcity of good quality water resources, and rising fertilizer applications are the driving forces behind the accelerating upward trend in the use of efficient methods of water and wastewater treatment such as biological processes. Due to the complexity of the reactions in biological processes, a few studies have been performed involving the modeling of biological removal of water pollutants. Thus, the application of the artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the performance of the biological systems has been attempted. ANNs are computer‐based systems that are designed to simulate the learning process of neurons in the human brain. One of the characteristics of modeling based on ANNs is that it does not require the mathematical description of the phenomena involved in the process. This review article describes the application of ANNs for modeling of biological water and wastewater treatment processes. Examples of early applications of ANNs in modeling and simulation of biological water and wastewater treatment processes in the presence of various microalgae, macroalgae, bacteria, microbes, yeasts, anaerobic sludge, aerated submerged biofilms, and submerged membrane bioreactors are reviewed.
An Indenone Synthesis Involving a New Aminotransfer Reaction and Its Application to Dibenzopentalene Synthesis
Authors: Katsumoto Kenta , Kitamura Chitoshi , Kawase Takeshi 
Published: July 2011

Abstracto‐(Phenylethynyl)phenyllithiums, generated by treatment of o‐(phenylethynyl)bromobenzenes with tBuLi, were quenched with N,N‐dimethylcarboamides to afford various 2‐phenylindenone derivatives in moderate to good yields upon acidic workup. The choice of lithiation reagents was critical. When n‐butyllithium was used the yields were reduced. The N‐alkyl groups in the carboamides were also important: quenching with N,N‐diethylbenzamides also afforded 2,3‐diphenylindenones as the sole isolated products, but quenching with N‐benzoylpiperidine led to 2‐benzoyltolane in good yield. Control experiments revealed that the reactions proceed through a multi‐step reaction sequence involving a novel intramolecular transamination to the α‐acetylenic carbon of the alkynyl group. The method was applicable to the synthesis of dibenzopentalene derivatives as well as various indenone derivatives. A mechanism for the reaction is discussed.