bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of vegetable oils based on luminol chemiluminescence in a microemulsion
Authors: Murillo Pulgarín José A. , Bermejo Luisa F. García , Durán Armando Carrasquero 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA flow injection analysis (FIA) methodology has been developed for the estimation of the radical scavenging activity (RSA) of edible oils as a measure of their antioxidant activity. The RSA determination was based on the inhibition of the luminol chemiluminescence (CL) induced by the Fenton's reagent in a microemuslion (n‐hexane in water). At the optimum operational conditions, the RSA of gallic acid and buthylhydroxylanisol, usually employed as antioxidant in vegetable oils, as well as corn, sunflower, olive, soybean and sesame oils, were measured in terms of the IC50 (the concentration required to reduce in 50% the CL emission measured in the absence of antioxidants in the organic phase). For this purpose, the percentage of the CL inhibition (%Inh) against the sample concentration was plotting. Virgin oils of sesame and olive showed the greatest RSA, which was associated to their elevated concentration of natural antioxidants, such as phenols, tocopherols and lignans. The refined soybean oil also has an important antioxidant activity due to the addition of synthetic antioxidants after the refining process, while the lower RSA activities were found in the refined corn and sunflower oils. The results of the proposed method showed good agreement with those obtained by the DPPH test, which suggests that it could be used as a complementary method for the evaluation of hydrophobic substances with antioxidant properties.
Preparation of Imino Lactones by Electrophilic Cyclization of β,γ‐Unsaturated Hydroxamates: Formation of 3‐Cyanoprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones through Fragmentation Reactions
Authors: Trabulsi Houssam , Guillot Régis , Rousseau Gérard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTreatment of γ‐disubstituted β,γ‐unsaturated hydroxamates with bis(collidine)bromine(I) hexafluorophosphate led mainly to the formation of cyclic bromo imidates – the thermodynamic products. Unsaturated cyclic imidates were then obtained by treatment with triethylamine. With γ‐aryl β,γ‐unsaturated hydroxamates, the corresponding cyclic bromo imidates were also obtained. On treatment with triethylamine, however, these compounds led to the formation of 3‐cyanoprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones in good yields through fragmentation reactions.
Covalent versus Electrostatic Strategies for Nanoparticle Immobilisation
Authors: Mertens Stijn F. L. , Bütikofer Angela , Siffert Luca , Wandlowski Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe demonstrate that in neutral electrolytes, a polyelectrolyte‐based (ω‐mercaptoacid/poly‐L‐lysine) immobilisation strategy for as‐prepared electrostatically stabilised metal nanoparticles is a powerful alternative to often difficult to control dithiol approaches. Our data confirm straightforward preparation of high‐coverage nanoparticle electrodes with fast kinetics and an electrochemical window of up to 1.5 V even in unbuffered solutions, under both stationary and hydrodynamic conditions. The stability region is limited by reductive desorption of the mercaptocarboxylic acid at negative potentials, and by nanoparticle oxidation at positive potentials. The electrostatic immobilisation is valuable for the study of electroanalytical and electrocatalytic processes using nanoparticulate electrode materials.
Chemometric methods for simultaneous quantification of lactic, malic and fumaric acids
Authors: Sokullu Esen , Palabıyık İsmail Murat , Onur Feyyaz , Boyacı İsmail Hakkı 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLactic, fumaric and malic acids are commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries. During microbial production of these compounds, it is important to determine their concentrations in the fermentation broth with a rapid and sensitive method. Spectrophotometry is commonly used. However, UV‐spectral overlap between these organic acids makes it difficult to determine each of them individually from the mixture. In order to overcome this problem, statistical methods, namely principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares‐1 methods, were tested and compared with conventional HPLC techniques. The absorbance data matrix was obtained by measuring the absorbances of 21 ternary mixtures of lactic, fumaric and malic acids in a wavelength range of 210–260 nm. Calibration and validation were performed by using the data obtained in a mixture of these organic acids. The prediction abilities of the methods were tested by applying them to fermentation broths. The precision of the PCR method was better than that of the partial least squares‐1 method. In the PCR method, the correlation coefficients between actual and predicted concentrations of the organic acids were calculated as 0.970 for lactic acid and 0.996 for fumaric acid in fermentation broths. The concentration of malic acid was not detected due to its low concentration in samples. These results show that the PCR method can be applied for simultaneous determination of lactic, fumaric and malic acids in fermentation broths.
Stirring and biomass starter influences the anaerobic digestion of different substrates for biogas production
Authors: Rojas Christian , Fang Sheng , Uhlenhut Frank , Borchert Axel , Stein Ingo , Schlaak Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHere, we present the results of lab‐scale experiments conducted in a batch mode to determine the biogas yield of lipid‐rich waste and corn silage under the effect of stirring. Further semi‐continuous experiments were carried out for the lipid‐rich waste with/without stirring. Additionally, it was analyzed how the starter used for the batch experiment influences the digestion process. The results showed a significant stirring effect on the anaerobic digestion only when seed sludge from a biogas plant was used as a starter. In this case, the experiments without stirring yielded only about 50% of the expected biogas for the investigated substrates. The addition of manure slurry to the batch reactor as part of the starter improved the biogas production. The more diluted media in the reactor allowed a better contact between the bacteria and the substrates making stirring not necessary.
Podophyllotoxin: Current approaches to its biotechnological production and future challenges
Authors: Yousefzadi Morteza , Sharifi Mozafar , Behmanesh Mehrdad , Moyano Elisabeth , Bonfill Mercedis , Cusido Rosa M. , Palazon Javier 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMany plant‐derived agents are being used to treat cancer, including taxol, vinblastine, vincristine, or camptothecin and podophyllotoxin derivatives, among others. Plant biotechnology can provide a new tool for the production of anticancer agents but in spite of considerable efforts to produce vinblastine and vincristine in cell cultures and knowledge of the biosynthetic pathway of Catharanthus roseus alkaloids, the biotechnological production of taxol has only been achieved at an industrial level by companies such as Phyton Biotech and Cytoclonal Pharmaceutics. Podophyllotoxin was isolated as the active antitumor agent from the roots of Podophyllum species and more recently from the genus Linum and others. Etoposide, teniposide, and etophos are semi‐synthetic derivatives of podophyllotoxin and are used in the treatment of cancer. Biotechnological approaches, including the use of cell cultures, biotransformation, or metabolic engineering techniques to manipulate the biosynthetic pathway, represent an alternative for the production of podophyllotoxin and are discussed in this review.
Cheese whey as a renewable substrate for microbial lipid and biomass production by Zygomycetes
Authors: Vamvakaki Afroditi‐Nectaria , Kandarakis Ioannis , Kaminarides Stelios , Komaitis Michael , Papanikolaou Seraphim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThree Zygomycetes, Mortierella isabellina, Thamnidium elegans and Mucor sp., were tested for their ability of producing biomass and lipid‐containing γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) during their cultivation on cheese whey. M. isabellina consumed all of the available lactose and a significant amount of the available protein. On the contrary, the two other fungi seemed incapable of consuming lactose after protein exhaustion. In the second series of experiments, for M. isabellina a supplementary quantity of lactose was added into the medium in order to increase the C/N ratio and hence to increase the production of fat. In the case of T. elegans and Mucor sp., a supplementary quantity of ammonium sulfate was added in order to favor the consumption of lactose and the production of biomass. Indeed, enhancement of lipid production was observed for M. isabellina and biomass production for T. elegans and Mucor sp.. Fatty acid analysis of the microbial lipid showed a composition that presented non‐negligible changes in relation with the age of the culture and the C/N molar ratio of the medium. Further analysis of the fat showed that the quantity of neutral lipids was the more abundant. The fatty acid composition of neutral lipids resembled to that of total lipids. Phospholipids were the more unsaturated fraction for Mucor sp. and M. isabellina. GLA was synthesized in all trials but its concentration presented differences related with the utilized strains and the fermentation time. Growth of M. isabellina on lactose‐supplemented whey resulted in a maximum GLA production of 301 mg/L.
A ground motion prediction equation for JMA instrumental seismic intensity for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regimes
Authors: Campbell Kenneth W. , Bozorgnia Yousef 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) seismic intensity scale has been used in Japan as a measure of earthquake ground shaking effects since 1949. It has traditionally been assessed after an earthquake based on the judgment of JMA officials. In 1996 the scale was revised as an instrumental seismic intensity measure (IJMA) that could be used to rapidly assess the expected damage after an earthquake without having to conduct a survey. Since its revision, Japanese researchers have developed several ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for IJMA using Japanese ground motion data. In this paper, we develop a new empirical GMPE for IJMA based on the strong motion database and functional forms used to develop similar GMPEs for peak response parameters as part of the PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center) Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project. We consider this relationship to be valid for shallow crustal earthquakes in active tectonic regimes for moment magnitudes (M) ranging from 5.0 up to 7.5–8.5 (depending on fault mechanism) and rupture distances ranging from 0 to 200 km. A comparison of this GMPE with relationships developed by Japanese researchers for crustal and shallow subduction earthquakes shows relatively good agreement among all of the relationships at M 7.0 but relatively poor agreement at small magnitudes. Our GMPE predicts the highest intensities at small magnitudes, which together with research on other ground motion parameters, indicates that it provides conservative or upwardly biased estimates of IJMA for M<5.5. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential of superelastic Cu–Al–Mn alloy bars for seismic applications
Authors: Araki Y. , Endo T. , Omori T. , Sutou Y. , Koetaka Y. , Kainuma R. , Ishida K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present the results of the quasi‐static cyclic tensile tests of Cu–Al–Mn shape memory alloy (SMA) bars of 4 and 8 mm diameters to examine their superelasticity and other mechanical properties closely related to seismic applications. The present Cu–Al–Mn SMA bars have achieved the recovery strains of over 8% and the fracture strains of over 17%. Low‐cycle fatigue was observed in neither of the bars. The mechanical properties obtained from the test, along with the lower material cost and higher machinability than Ni–Ti SMAs, demonstrate the high potential of the present Cu–Al–Mn SMA bars to be used in seismic applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic resistance capacity of beam–column connections in high‐rise buildings: E‐Defense shaking table test
Authors: Chung Yu‐Lin , Nagae Takuya , Matsumiya Tomohiro , Nakashima Masayoshi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA series of E‐Defense shaking table tests are conducted on a large‐scale test specimen that represents a high‐rise steel building. Two types of connections featuring the connection details commonly used in 1970s, in the early days of high‐rise construction in Japan, are adopted: the field‐welded connection consisting of welded unreinforced flanges and a bolted web type, and the shop‐welded connection in which the flanges and web are all‐welded to the column flange in the shop. To examine the seismic capacity of a total of 24 beam‐to‐column connections of the specimen, particularly when it is subjected to long‐period ground motion characterized not so much by large amplitude as by very many cycles of repeated loading, the test specimen is shaken repeatedly until the connections fractured. The test results indicate that a few of the field‐welded connections fractured from the bottom flange weld boundary in a relatively small cumulative rotation primarily due to the difficulties in ensuring the welding and inspection performance in the actual field welding. The shop‐welded connections are able to sustain many cycles of plastic rotation, with an averaged cumulative plastic rotation of 0.86 rad. Two shop‐welded connections exhibit ductile fractures but only after experiencing many cycles. The presence of RC floor slabs promotes the strain concentration at the toe of the weld access hole in the bottom flange by at least twice compared with the case without the slab, which had resulted in a decrease in the cumulative plastic rotation by about 50%. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of a second‐order paraxial boundary condition for a water‐saturated layered half‐space in plane strain
Authors: Lee Jin Ho , Kim Jae Kwan , Tassoulas John L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA half‐space finite element and a transmitting boundary are developed for a water‐saturated layered half‐space using a paraxial boundary condition. The exact dynamic stiffness of a half‐space in plane strain is derived and a second‐order paraxial approximation of the stiffness is obtained. A half‐space finite element and a transmitting boundary are then formulated. The development is verified by comparison of the dynamic stiffness of impermeable and permeable rigid strip foundations with other published results. The advantage of using the paraxial boundary condition in comparison with the rigid boundary condition is examined. It is shown that the paraxial boundary condition offers significant gain and the resulting half‐space finite element and transmitting boundary can represent the effects of a water‐saturated layered half‐space with good accuracy and efficiency. In addition, the numerical method described herein maintains the strengths and advantages of the finite element method and can be easily applied to demanding problems of soil–structure interaction in a water‐saturated layered half‐space. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the rate of convergence of binomial Greeks
Authors: Chung San‐Lin , Hung Weifeng , Lee Han‐Hsing , Shih Pai‐Ta 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis study investigates the convergence patterns and the rates of convergence of binomial Greeks for the CRR model and several smooth price convergence models in the literature, including the binomial Black–Scholes (BBS) model of Broadie M and Detemple J (1996), the flexible binomial model (FB) of Tian YS (1999), the smoothed payoff (SPF) approach of Heston S and Zhou G (2000), the GCRR‐XPC models of Chung SL and Shih PT (2007), the modified FB‐XPC model, and the modified GCRR‐FT model. We prove that the rate of convergence of the CRR model for computing deltas and gammas is of order O(1/n), with a quadratic error term relating to the position of the final nodes around the strike price. Moreover, most smooth price convergence models generate deltas and gammas with monotonic and smooth convergence with order O(1/n). Thus, one can apply an extrapolation formula to enhance their accuracy. The numerical results show that placing the strike price at the center of the tree seems to enhance the accuracy substantially. Among all the binomial models considered in this study, the FB‐XPC and the GCRR‐XPC model with a two‐point extrapolation are the most efficient methods to compute Greeks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Protein phosphatases 1 and 2A are both required for long‐term depression and associated dephosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein in hippocampal area CA1 in vivo
Authors: Mauna Jocelyn C. , Miyamae Takeaki , Pulli Benjamin , Thiels Edda 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEvidence shows that the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity and memory. Little is known about the contribution of the serine/threonine phosphatase 1 (PP2A) to synaptic plasticity. Both protein phosphatases can target the transcription factor cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), whose phosphorylation at Ser133, we previously found, was downregulated during long‐term depression (LTD) of glutamatergic transmission in area CA1 of the adult hippocampus in vivo. Other work from our group showed that the activity of PP2A, as well as that of PP1, is increased after LTD induction in area CA1 in vivo. We therefore investigated here whether both protein phosphatases are necessary for LTD in area CA1, and whether they both are involved in the LTD‐associated modification of CREB. We found that inhibition of either PP1 or PP2A interferes with the establishment of LTD. Furthermore, inhibition of either enzyme alone abrogated the LTD‐associated dephosphorylation of CREB. Interestingly, inhibition of PP1 disrupted CREB dephosphosphorylation rapidly after LTD‐inducing stimulation, whereas inhibition of PP2A did not blunt the CREB modification until a later time point. Thus, both PP1 and PP2A regulate CREB during LTD in area CA1, although possibly through different signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate that PP2A, similar to PP1, plays an essential role in the molecular events that underlie LTD at glutamatergic synapses in hippocampal area CA1 in vivo. We propose that one of the mechanisms through which these protein phosphatases may contribute to the prolonged maintenance of LTD is through the regulation of CREB. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple expression for the bulk field capacity of a sloping soil horizon
Authors: Soulis E. D. , Craig J. R. , Fortin V. , Liu G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractField capacity is a commonly used soil parameter in surface water hydrological models, loosely defined as the moisture content of a soil after drainage. The most commonly applied expression for field capacity is defined as the remaining water in a vertical soil column subject to 1/3 atm. of pressure head. While this quantification is sufficient in some cases, the definition is not consistent with the use of bulk field capacity in calculations of lateral drainage from hillslopes, as required by some surface soil parameterizations, nor does it address additional complications arising from differences in soil texture or sample size. Here, a simple alternative expression for bulk field capacity in a sloping or vertical soil is derived directly from Richards equation with the use of the Brooks‐Corey characteristics. It is demonstrated that this expression is consistent with data acquired from vertical soil columns, but may be extended to additional situations commonly found in surface water models and land surface schemes. The calculation of bulk field capacity requires only the Brooks‐Corey pore size distribution index, soil air‐entry pressure, and hillslope length and slope, and may be considered a physically based alternative to pedotransfer function or lookup table approaches. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Crown in the right of Canada.
Depth‐dependent hydraulic conductivity distribution patterns of a streambed
Authors: Chen Xunhong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCharacterization of streambed hydraulic conductivity from the channel surface to a great depth below the channel surface can provide needed information for the determination of stream‐aquifer hydrologic connectedness, and it is also important to river restoration. However, knowledge on the streambed hydraulic conductivity for sediments 1 m below the channel surface is scarce. This study describes a method that was used to determine the distribution patterns of streambed hydraulic conductivity for sediments from channel surface to a depth of 15 m below. The method includes Geoprobe's direct‐push techniques and Permeameter tests. Direct‐push techniques were used to generate the electrical conductivity (EC) logs and to collect sequences of continuous sediment cores from river channels, as well as from the alluvial aquifer connected to the river. Permeameter tests on these sediment cores give the profiles of vertical hydraulic conductivity (Kv) of the channel sediments and the aquifer materials. This method was applied to produce Kv profiles for a streambed and an alluvial aquifer in the Platte River Valley of Nebraska, USA. Comparison and statistical analysis of the Kv profiles from the river channel and from the proximate alluvial aquifer indicates a special pattern of Kv in the channel sediments. This depth‐dependent pattern of Kv distribution for the channel sediments is considered to be produced by hyporheic processes. This Kv‐distribution pattern implied that the effect of hyporheic processes on streambed hydraulic conductivity can reach the sediments about 9 m below the channel surface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective assessment of quality of life in long‐term ovarian cancer survivors
Authors: Greimel Elfriede , Daghofer Fedor , Petru Edgar 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe objective of our study was to compare prospectively the QoL in long‐term ovarian cancer survivors with short‐term survivors and to explore discriminating variables between short‐term and long‐term survival. Thirty‐three patients were included, 22 died within 5 years post diagnosis and 11 survived beyond 10 years. QoL data were collected pre‐treatment (baseline), 1‐year post diagnoses and for long‐term survivors 10 years post‐treatment using the EORTC QLQ‐C30. At baseline, there was no difference in terms of FIGO stage, residual tumor and adjuvant chemotherapy. Significantly, more short‐term survivors (96%) had intra operative ascites as compared to long‐term survivors (55%) (p=0.01). Before treatment, short‐term survivors had clinically significantly lower QoL scores on the physical functioning (mean 75.45) and role functioning scale (mean 68.94) compared to long‐term survivors (mean 68.94 and 84.85, respectively). They also reported higher levels of symptoms. One year post‐diagnosis, QoL scores were comparable in most domains. Long‐term survivors had a significantly better global QoL but more insomnia. Emotional functioning and global QoL/health status improved significantly from baseline to 1‐year post‐diagnosis and remained relatively stable at the 10‐year follow‐up. The presence of intra operative ascites and a supporting social network were identified as significant variables that discriminated between short‐term and long‐term survival. Compared to a reference sample, long‐term survivors showed similar QoL scores but more dyspnoea. Although ovarian cancer patients do not belong to the most prevalent survivor populations, we found that long‐term survivors have QoL scores similar to females without a history of cancer.