bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Congenital aural atresia in a 4‐month‐old Dalmatian
Authors: Dalla Fontana Maria , Anselmi Carlo , Williams John , Dempsey Lara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA 4‐month‐old female entire Dalmatian was presented for persistently excessive ceruminous discharge, suspected left aural malformation and decreased hearing. Otoscopic examination of the left ear showed a normal external meatus with an abnormal ending of the ear canal in a cul‐de‐sac. Computed tomography (CT) study of the head showed a diffusely tortuous and convoluted external ear canal with saccular distension and a stenotic area with the presence of a septum. Based on the clinical presentation and imaging findings, total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy were performed. Macroscopically, the ear canal appeared to be sigmoid, as in the CT study. Notably, in the stenotic area, there was a membrane separating the vertical and horizontal ear canals. The histopathology of the external ear canal was consistent with that of hyperplastic otitis externa. No growth was observed on bacterial culture. The dog recovered uneventfully and no abnormalities were detected on re‐examination 2 weeks post‐surgery.
Trapped neutrophil syndrome in a young Border Collie dog: A new clinical presentation
Authors: Petitpre Arthur , Lamoureux Anaïs 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn 11‐month‐old Border Collie dog presented with recurrent fever since the age of 3 months. Clinical examination revealed stunted growth, facial dysmorphism, fever, oral and third eyelid ulcerations and stiff gait with tarsal hyperlaxity. Clinicopathologic testing revealed neutropenia with normal neutrophil maturation in the bone marrow, ulcerative neutrophilic stomatitis and glossitis and a nonperforating duodenal ulcer. Genetic testing showed a mutation in the vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein 13B gene, establishing a diagnosis of trapped neutrophil syndrome. Steroid therapy was not prescribed due to the presence of a duodenal ulcer. Two weeks later, antibiotics and omeprazole facilitated a mild clinical improvement with relapse; euthanasia was subsequently elected. This case highlights clinical signs not previously described in dogs but known in humans with Cohen syndrome, including buccal ulcerations or joint hyperlaxity. This is also the first description of this disease in France, where Border Collies are commonly bred.
Pancreas after kidney transplantation, is it the time to overcome the stigma?
Authors: Moein Mahmoudreza , Maloney Brendan , Baio Stephen , Bahreini Amin , Abedini Marjan , Abedini Mahsa , Saidi Reza F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPancreas transplantation is the most effective treatment to improve quality of life and overcome complications in patients with end‐stage renal disease and diabetes mellitus. One of the main approaches for concurrent renal disease and diabetes mellitus which has been underutilized during the past decade is a pancreas transplant after kidney transplantation. Our study aimed to quantify outcomes following pancreas after kidney transplants (PAKs) in the United States from 2001 to 2020 with an emphasis on graft and patient survival.Methods and MaterialsA retrospective registry analysis was performed by accessing the OPTN/UNOS database for PAKs that were performed in the United States from January 2001 to April 2020. The study population was divided into two subgroups: patients receiving a pancreas transplant between 2001 and 2010 and those receiving a pancreas transplant between 2011 and 2020.ResultsThe study examined a total number of 3706 PAK recipients; patients who received a PAK from January 2001 through December 2010 (n = 2892) and those who received a PAK from January 2011 to April 2020 (n = 814). The selection process of transplant recipients did not drastically change throughout the 2001–2010 and 2011–2020 periods. Length of stay at the hospital after the transplantation improved significantly in the 2011–2020 group relative to the 2001–2010 group (8.48 vs. 10.08 days, mean, p < 0.01). Additionally, more transplantation with 4–6 human leukocyte antigen mismatch occurred in the 2011–2020 group than in the 2001–2010 group (80.6% vs. 71.4%, p < 0.01). The pancreas preservation time of 13.35 h in the 2001–2010 group decreased significantly to 11.17 h in the 2011–2020 group (p < 0.001). The mean donor's amylase and lipase also decreased significantly in the 2011–2020 cohort. Significant graft survival improvement was observed in the 2011–2020 group compared to the 2001–2010 group after a long‐term follow‐up (p < 0.001). The mean Calculated Pancreas Donor Risk Index was 1.08 for the 2001–2010 group and 0.99 for the 2011–2020 group with a significant difference (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe beneficial results and improved outcomes observed in PAK patients demonstrate the effectiveness of the operation for individuals in need of a pancreas transplant. PAKs can prove to be a meaningful solution to overcome long waiting times, decrease the donor‐recipient imbalance, expand the donor pool, and overcome the current underutilization in order to improve the short‐ and long‐term quality of life in the groups of interest.
Engaged Research: Strengthening Research Teams Through Community Researchers
Authors: Schroeder Doris , Chatfield Kate , Chennells Roger , Partington Hazel , Kimani Joshua , Thomson Gillian , Odhiambo Joyce Adhiambo , Snyders Leana , Louw Collin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEngaged research, which strengthens research teams through community researchers, offers many opportunities and challenges. From better access to community members who are hard to reach, to the collection of more meaningful and authentic data, and greater trustworthiness of research findings, the benefits for research are manifold. However, research has also shown that community researchers might be overtly biased, only collect superficial data or lack the confidence to probe deeply enough, among other challenges. Simultaneously, the literature on community researchers is heavily biased towards high-income countries, and there is very little to be found on experiences from low-and middle-income countries that goes beyond assistance in obtaining informed consent. This chapter starts to close that gap by presenting a case study involving 12 community researchers from the South African San community. Collecting no personal data and obtaining all research input through community researchers shows that research led by vulnerable groups for vulnerable groups is possible. It is one way of ensuring that the San, and wider research communities, have access to research they can trust.
Local Production Networks of SMEs: The Future of Producing Locally?
Authors: Markert Julia Christina , Krenz Pascal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the discussions of Fab Cities, “local production” and “urban production” are recurring topics. While one goal is bringing production back to the cities, there are already companies that have been producing there – sometimes for decades. These are typically micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) specialized in certain crafts or trades. In order to create products, such as furniture or even entire houses, they often have to collaborate so that multiple producers contribute their craft and expertise to an end product. Businesses typically have partners from other trades whom they regularly work with, but there is rarely a true network dynamic. Collaborating in a network could, however, provide significant advantages to producers and customers, especially when supported further by utilizing state-of-the-art information technologies to optimize network processes. However, due to a lack of resources SMEs in particular have been having a hard time adopting technologies introduced by Industry 4.0 and designed to enable more effective collaboration. Additionally, existing concepts for production networks of SMEs have not been as successful as anticipated. Therefore, this chapter aims to explore the challenges and potential of production networks of local SMEs as well as ways to support them.
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) as Innovative Means to Supplement Transition Governance
Authors: Pawlowski Alex M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe following contribution explains how a DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) can technologically supplement the governance process in complex environments, in this case urban environments where Fab City is active. DAOs are implementations of the blockchain technology which can be considered as coordination tools and de facto “decentralized ERP* (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems on the internet”. They can enable organizations and communities to address challenges that are otherwise too complex in a tangible, dynamic and sustainable manner which caters to the general need for transition governance. To facilitate collaboration and coordination, the idea of a DAO is to effectively capture the various rule sets, actor constellations and general conditions to address the four universal problems in organizing-task division, task allocation, reward distribution, and information flows. The following conceptualization aims to provide a practical solution alternative to supplement cooperation and coordination between various actors within the wider ecosystem using a DAO. The current state of blockchain and DAO research serves as a rich backdrop when exploring the given opportunity and shedding light on the most important requirements, risks, and success factors. Despite remaining challenges in particular the legal domain, the focus of this article is to showcase how a progressive path forward can lead to a setting in which DAOs can be successfully integrated and become an operational part of an urban environment.
Ort
Authors: Grüny Christian 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Motiv des Ortes wurde im vorigen Kapitel als Weiterbestimmung des Materialbegriffs eingeführt. Dieser Kontext ist sehr spezifisch, denn Ort wurde hier als Hinweis auf die kritische Situierung jeglicher künstlerischen Arbeit in einem heterogenen Feld von Bezugnahmen und mehr oder weniger gradlinigen, Grenzen kreuzenden, umgeschriebenen, abbrechenden und neu ansetzenden Traditionslinien verstanden. Damit erscheint der Begriff des Ortes erst einmal als Metapher, die zwar nicht beliebig ist, deren Verhältnis zum realen Raum aber vorerst ungeklärt ist.
Where are the feeder channels for platinum reefs in the Bushveld Complex?
Authors: Latypov Rais , Chistyakova Sofya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Bushveld Complex in South Africa hosts the lion’s share of the world’s noble metal resources in platinum reefs – thin layers of silicate/chromite rocks containing platinum-rich sulphides. The reefs are widely attributed to multiple replenishments by ore-forming magmas that have been entering the evolving Bushveld chamber through numerous feeder conduits. The replenishment events are marked by regional and local disconformities/unconformities, significant isotopic shifts, and notable reversals in the whole-rock and mineral compositions. Surprisingly, however, so far no single feeder conduit for platinum reefs has been found despite extensive surface and underground mining for over a century. Feeder conduits appear entirely absent from the Bushveld Complex. This paradox has long been known but has never been specifically addressed. Here, we suggest that the absence of feeder channels is a natural consequence of the magma chamber replenishment through a cumulate pile. The fossilization of the feeder channels in the cumulate pile is likely impeded by two principal factors: (a) a cumulate pile is too hot to enable efficient cooling and crystallization of magma flowing through the channels, and (b) the channels are closed by an adjacent elastically deformable pile immediately after cessation of the magma emplacement. The feeding dykes are thus absent because there is little chance for the conduits to get preserved in a hot and deformable cumulate pile of layered intrusions.
Child maltreatment and psycho-social impairments among child laborers in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Ahad Md Abdul , Parry Yvonne Karen , Willis Eileen , Ullah Shahid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The current study focused on exploring the impact of maltreatment of child laborers on their psychosocial health condition from the views of their parents.

Methods
A total of 100 parents of child laborers were recruited using snowball sampling. The structured questionnaire comprised two validated scales including ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST-P), and Paediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) were used for the survey. Factor analysis and multivariable linear regression analysis were performed to examine the data using SPSS version 26, and Stata version 16.1.

Results
A three-factor model consisting of internalizing, externalizing, and attention associated psycho-social impairments of child laborers were derived from the 35-item scale of PSC tool and represented a good fit to the data. A mean estimate of maltreatment indicates that a majority of child laborers are maltreated psychologically, followed by physical maltreatment and neglect. The factor analysis resulted that maltreated child laborers are highly prone to exhibit internalized psycho-social difficulties, followed by externalized and attention-associated emotional and behavioral difficulties among child laborers. The regression model further depicts that child laborers, who had been physically and psychologically maltreated, are significantly more likely to be affected by internalized and attention-related psycho-social impairments.

Conclusions
The study concluded that victimized child laborers exhibited significant internalized, as well as attention-related problems. These findings may be useful for future studies that examine emotional and behavioral problems among maltreated child laborers and, therefore, for developing prevention strategies.
The network of cardiac KIR2.1: its function, cellular regulation, electrical signaling, diseases and new drug avenues
Authors: Li Encan , van der Heyden Marcel A. G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe functioning of the human heart relies on complex electrical and communication systems that coordinate cardiac contractions and sustain rhythmicity. One of the key players contributing to this intricate system is the KIR2.1 potassium ion channel, which is encoded by the KCNJ2 gene. KIR2.1 channels exhibit abundant expression in both ventricular myocytes and Purkinje fibers, exerting an important role in maintaining the balance of intracellular potassium ion levels within the heart. And by stabilizing the resting membrane potential and contributing to action potential repolarization, these channels have an important role in cardiac excitability also. Either gain- or loss-of-function mutations, but also acquired impairments of their function, are implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse types of cardiac arrhythmias. In this review, we aim to elucidate the system functions of KIR2.1 channels related to cellular electrical signaling, communication, and their contributions to cardiovascular disease. Based on this knowledge, we will discuss existing and new pharmacological avenues to modulate their function.
Conservation of a Chromosome 8 Inversion and Exon Mutations Confirm Common Gulonolactone Oxidase Gene Evolution Among Primates, Including H. Neanderthalensis
Authors: Mansueto Alexander , Good Deborah J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAscorbic acid functions as an antioxidant and facilitates other biochemical processes such as collagen triple helix formation, and iron uptake by cells. Animals which endogenously produce ascorbic acid have a functional gulonolactone oxidase gene (GULO); however, humans have a GULO pseudogene (GULOP) and depend on dietary ascorbic acid. In this study, the conservation of GULOP sequences in the primate haplorhini suborder were investigated and compared to the GULO sequences belonging to the primates strepsirrhini suborder. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the conserved GULOP exons in the haplorhini primates experienced a high rate of mutations following the haplorhini/strepsirrhini divergence. This high mutation rate has decreased during the evolution of the haplorhini primates. Additionally, indels of the haplorhini GULOP sequences were conserved across the suborder. A separate analysis for GULO sequences and well-conserved GULOP sequences focusing on placental mammals identified an in-frame GULO sequence in the Brazilian guinea pig, and a potential GULOP sequence in the pika. Similar to haplorhini primates, the guinea pig and lagomorph species have experienced a high substitution rate when compared to the mammals used in this study. A shared synteny to examine the conservation of local genes near GULO/GULOP identified a conserved inversion around the GULO/GULOP locus between the haplorhini and strepsirrhini primates. Fischer’s exact test did not support an association between GULOP and the chromosomal inversion. Mauve alignment showed that the inversion of the length of the syntenic block that the GULO/GULOP genes belonged to was variable. However, there were frequent rearrangements around ~ 2 million base pairs adjacent to GULOP involving the KIF13B and MSRA genes. These data may suggest that genes acquiring deleterious mutations in the coding sequence may respond to these deleterious mutations with rapid substitution rates.
Influence of Gadoxetate disodium to the hepatic proton density fat fraction quantified with the Dixon sequences in a rabbit model
Authors: Wang Xia , Zhang Sheng , Huang Zhe , Tian Gang , Liu Xiaofan , Chen Lijun , An Liang , Li Xumiao , Liu Ningna , Ji Yang , Han Yuedong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To study the impact of Gx on quantification of hepatic fat contents under metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) imaged on VIBE Dixon in hepatobiliary specific phase.

Methods
Forty-two rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n = 10) and high-fat diet group (n = 32). Imaging was performed before enhancement (Pre-Gx) and at the 13th (Post-Gx13) and 17th (Post-Gx17) min after Gx enhancement with 2E- and 6E-VIBE Dixon to determine hepatic proton density fat fractions (PDFF). PDFFs were compared with vacuole percentage (VP) measured under histopathology.

Results
33 animals were evaluated and including control group (n = 11) and MASLD group (n = 22). Pre-Gx, Post-Gx13, Post-Gx17 PDFFs under 6E-VIBE Dixon had strong correlations with VPs (r2 = 0.8208—0.8536). PDFFs under 2E-VIBE Dixon were reduced significantly (P < 0.001) after enhancement (r2 = 0.7991/0.8014) compared with that before enhancement (r2 = 0.7643). There was no significant difference between PDFFs of Post-Gx13 and Post-Gx17 (P = 0.123) for which the highest consistency being found with 6E-VIBE Dixon before enhancement (r2 = 0.8536). The signal intensity of the precontrast compared with the postcontrast, water image under 2E-VIBE Dixon increased significantly (P < 0.001), fat image showed no significant difference (P = 0.754).

Conclusion
2E- and 6E-VIBE Dixon can obtain accurate PDFFs in the hepatobiliary specific phase from 13 to 17th min after Gx enhancement. On 2E-VIBE Dixon (FA = 10°), effective minimization of T1 Bias by the Gx administration markedly improved the accuracy of the hepatic PDFF quantification.

Graphical abstract
Mapping almond stem water potential using machine learning and multispectral imagery
Authors: Savchik Peter , Nocco Mallika , Kisekka Isaya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Almonds are a major crop in California which produces 80% of all the world’s almonds. Widespread drought and strict groundwater regulations pose significant challenges to growers. Irrigation regimes based on observed crop water status can help to optimize water use efficiency, but consistent and accurate measurement of water status can prove challenging. In almonds, crop water status is best represented by midday stem water potential measured using a pressure chamber, which despite its accuracy is impractical for growers to measure on a regular basis. This study aimed to use machine learning (ML) models to predict stem water potential in an almond orchard based on canopy spectral reflectance, soil moisture, and daily evapotranspiration. Both artificial neural network and random forest models were trained and used to produce high-resolution spatial maps of stem water potential covering the entire orchard. Also, for each ML model type, one model was trained to predict raw stem water potential values, while another was trained to predict baseline-adjusted values. Together, all models resulted in an average coefficient of correlation of R2 = 0.73 and an average root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.5 bars. Prediction accuracy decreased significantly when models were expanded to spatial maps (R2 = 0.33, RMSE = 3.31 [avg]). These results indicate that both artificial neural networks and random forest frameworks can be used to predict stem water potential, but both approaches were unable to fully account for the spatial variability observed throughout the orchard. Overall, the most accurate maps were produced by the random forest model (raw stem water potential R2 = 0.47, RMSE = 2.71). The ability to predict stem water potential spatially can aid in the implementation of variable rate irrigation. Future studies should attempt to train similar models with larger datasets and develop a simpler faster workflow for producing stress predictions from field measurements.
Travel time after photobleaching velocimetry
Authors: Wang Audrey J. , Deng Jianyu , Westbury David , Downey Austin R. J. , Wang Yi , Wang Guiren 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn interfacial science and microfluidics, there is an increasing need for improving the ability to measure flow velocity profiles in the sub-micrometer range to better understand transport phenomena at interfaces, such as liquid–solid interfaces. Current standard methods of velocimetry typically use particles as tracers. However, seed particles can encounter issues at liquid and solid interfaces, where charge interactions between particles and surfaces can limit their ability to measure near-wall flows accurately. Furthermore, in many flows, seed particles have a different velocity from that of their surrounding fluid, which the particles are intended to represent. Several molecular tracer-based velocimeters have been developed which can bypass these issues. However, they either have limited resolution for measurement near solid surfaces, such as for slip flows, or require pre-calibration. Laser-induced fluorescence photobleaching anemometry (LIFPA) is one such technique that is noninvasive and has achieved unprecedented nanoscopic resolution for flow velocity profile measurement. However, it also requires pre-calibration, which is unavailable for unknown flows. Here, we present a novel, calibration-free technique called travel time after photobleaching (TTAP) velocimetry, which can measure flow velocity profiles and near-wall flow with high spatiotemporal resolution. Furthermore, TTAP velocimetry is compatible with LIFPA, and thus, the two systems can be coupled to satisfy LIFPA’s long-anticipated need for pre-calibration, enabling measurement of flow velocity profiles in unknown flows with salient resolution.