bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiorenal outcomes and mortality after sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor initiation in type 2 diabetes patients with percutaneous coronary intervention history
Authors: Kim Jin Hwa , Lyu Young Sang , Kim BongSeong , Kim Mee Kyung , Kim Sang Yong , Baek Ki‐Hyun , Song Ki‐Ho , Han Kyungdo , Kwon Hyuk‐Sang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the effects of initiating sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on cardiorenal outcomes and mortality compared to dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors as active comparators in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes with a history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Materials and MethodsWe used an active‐comparator, new‐user design and nationwide data from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea from 2014 to 2019. Of the 56 392 patients who underwent PCI, 4610 new SGLT2 inhibitor users were paired 1:1 with DPP‐4 inhibitor users for analysis using propensity‐score matching.ResultsDuring 13 708.59 person‐years of follow‐up, the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors, compared with the initiation of DPP‐4 inhibitors, was associated with a significantly lower risk of composite repeat revascularization, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure (HF), all‐cause death and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitor use were consistent with the components of stroke, HF, all‐cause death and ESRD. In the cohort that included health examination data, including anthropometric and metabolic factors, new use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a significantly lower risk of HF (hazard ratio [HR] 0.574, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.915), all‐cause death (HR 0.731, 95% CI 0.567–0.942), and ESRD (HR 0.076, 95% CI 0.018–0.319). The effects of SGLT2 inhibitor use were consistent regardless of the timing of the previous PCI.ConclusionsThe initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of PCI was significantly associated with a reduced risk of cardiorenal consequences and mortality, irrespective of time since the last PCI.
Barium titanate exposure on metallographic and mechanical performance of coir fiber made low‐density polyethylene composite
Authors: Aruna M. , Hossain Ismail , Kaliappan S. , Prabagaran S. , Venkatesh R. , Soudagar Manzoore Elahi M. , Mohanavel V. , Seikh A. H. , Prabhu P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTechnological growth and biodegradable waste natural fibers are significant choices in polymer matrix composite preparation because of their distinct qualities from monopoly matrix. During the fabrication process, the natural fiber faces poor compatibility and lack of adhesive behavior, resulting in reduced tensile strength and stiffness of the composite. The theme of the research is expanding the mechanical behavior of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composite by the exposure of sodium hydroxide‐treated coir fiber (CF) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) through an injection molding route. Influences of CF and BaTiO3 on metallographic, tensile, flexural, and impact strength and microhardness of LDPE composite are evaluated, and its outcomes are compared with mono LDPE. The surface morphology of the developed composite is exposed to homogenous dispersion of BaTiO3 with effective adhesive bonding with CF, which facilitates superior mechanical properties. The LDPE hybrid composite consists of 30 wt% CF and 2.5 wt% of BaTiO3 and is exploited about 69 ± 1.5 MPa of tensile strength, 54 ± 0.5 MPa of flexural strength, 4.9 ± 0.01 J of impact energy, and 31 ± 1.5HV of microhardness, this is greater than the mono LDPE (unreinforced). The enriched LDPE hybrid composite is suggested for automotive dashboard applications.
Antimicrobial activity of rambutan peel colouring agent containing cardamom oil in shrimp paste and its potential mode of action
Authors: Chaidech Pailin , Matan Narumol 
Published: April 2024

SummaryRambutan peel (RP), an agricultural by‐product from rambutan trading, contains the red pigment anthocyanin. This research explores developing a colouring agent from RP, utilising cardamom oil (CM) to enhance colour stability, improve antimicrobial functionality, and create a new high‐value red colouring agent from fruit waste. A colouring agent was produced by placing 50 g of RP inside a 1 L glass box, and varying amounts of CM (5 μL, 25 μL, 50 μL, and 100 μL) on filter paper were placed inside the box lid. The box was sealed and left closed for 8 h to allow CM vapour to release onto the surface of RP before being dried at 30 °C and ground into powder. The antibacterial impact of CM‐treated RP on Staphylococcus aureus was assessed using the nutrient broth. The CM‐treated RP powder was used as a food colouring agent in shrimp paste to evaluate the shelf life of shrimp paste during storage at 30 °C. Results revealed that treated RP with 25 μL of CM showed the best red colour appearance in the dried powder. RP with 25 μL of CM exhibited time killing against S. aureus (approximately 4 log10cfu g−1) after being added to the medium for 6 h, disrupting the cell membrane integrity of S. aureus and leading to cell lysis. RP treated with 25 μL of CM also prevented darkening in shrimp paste, maintaining higher values for L* and a*, resulting in increased lightness and a more red appearance. It also inhibited pathogenic bacteria, extending shelf life, and preserving colour stability for 14 days, compared to the control's 7 days. These insights provide valuable guidance for the sustainable utilisation of agricultural waste in the food colouring industry.
Reclaiming Self‐Balancing on a Tightrope Across Time a grounded theory of transition to survivorship in older adult blood cancer survivors
Authors: Wood Sylvia K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo develop a theoretical understanding of the transition to survivorship in older adult blood cancer survivors.DesignQualitative research employing Classic Glaserian Grounded Theory methods.MethodsPurposive and theoretical sampling recruited 17 participants via Leukaemia & Lymphoma Society© Community webpages (65–83 years) from across the US and Canada. Data from individual semi‐structured interviews using HIPPA‐compliant Zoom© were analysed from September 2020 to March 2021.ResultsParticipants' main concern was losing their sense of self and reclaiming self was the core category. The substantive theory of Reclaiming Self‐Balancing on a Tightrope Across Time is a six‐phase transition process to survivorship: receiving a blood cancer diagnosis, finding bearings, reclaiming self, persevering through, realizing a transition and living in a new reality.ConclusionsThe transition to survivorship in older adult blood cancer survivors is a complex process because of age and disease type.ImplicationsAge‐related aspects of one's sense of self and its relation to health, well‐being and quality of life, as older adult blood cancer survivors advance into older age need further research. Ageism and its impact on cancer survivorship care in older adults should also be explored.ImpactWhat problem did the study address?: Existing theoretical frameworks do not explain the complex process of transition to survivorship for older adult blood cancer survivors. What were the main findings?: A substantive theory Reclaiming Self‐Balancing on a Tightrope Across Time is a six‐phase transition process from cancer diagnosis to survivorship characterized by an uncertain and liminal nature. Where and on whom will the research have an impact?: Understanding how older adults experience the transition to survivorship can inform age‐appropriate person‐centered nursing practices and healthcare policies specific to their needs.Reporting MethodCOREQ.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Interpreting ‘What One Would Have Wanted’
Authors: Beardman Stephanie 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTWhen making decisions on behalf of someone, is asking what they would have wanted a good way to respect their autonomy? Against prevalent assumptions, I argue that in decisions about the care and treatment of those with advanced dementia, the notion of ‘what one would have wanted’ is conceptually, epistemically, and practically problematic. The problem stems from the disparity between the first‐person subjectivity of the past person and that of the present person. The transformative nature of dementia renders the very meaning of ‘what the patient would have wanted’ problematic. When applied to those with advanced dementia, the subjunctive notion is either (i) incoherent, (ii) fundamentally indeterminate, or (iii) normatively irrelevant.
Video‐based modeling examples and comparative self‐explanation prompts for teaching a complex problem‐solving strategy
Authors: Meier Julius Moritz , Hesse Peter , Abele Stephan , Renkl Alexander , Glogger‐Frey Inga 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn example‐based learning, examples are often combined with generative activities, such as comparative self‐explanations of example cases. Comparisons induce heavy demands on working memory, especially in complex domains. Hence, only stronger learners may benefit from comparative self‐explanations. While static text‐based examples can be compared easily, this is challenging for transient video‐based modelling examples used in complex domains because simultaneous processing of two videos is not feasible.ObjectivesTo allow for such comparisons, we combined video‐based modelling examples with static representations (i.e., summarizing tables) of the observed optimal and a suboptimal solution of the problem‐solving process. A comparative self‐explanation prompt asked learners to compare the different solution approaches. Our study investigated the impact of video‐based modelling examples versus independent problem‐solving on cognitive load and problem‐solving skill development. Moreover, we investigated the effects of comparative versus sequential self‐explanation prompts, depending on learners' prior knowledge.MethodsIn an experiment, 118 automotive apprentices learned a car malfunction diagnosis strategy. Apprentices were divided into three groups: (1) modelling examples with comparative self‐explanation prompts, (2) modelling examples with sequential prompts, and (3) no examples or prompts. Diagnostic knowledge and skills were assessed before and after the intervention. Cognitive load was measured retrospectively.Results and conclusionsDespite no observed effects on cognitive load, modelling examples enhanced diagnostic knowledge and diagnostic skills with scaffolds, though not independent diagnostic skills without scaffolds. The need for more practice opportunities to foster independent diagnostic skills is assumed. Additionally, comparative prompts seem promising for learners with higher prior knowledge.TakeawaysVideo‐based modelling examples were more beneficial for learning than practising to apply the diagnostic strategy. Static representations allow for comparisons of video examples and comparative prompts are promising for learners with higher prior knowledge (cf. expertise‐reversal effect). Further research, especially on the effects on cognitive load, is necessary.
Dihydroartemisinin induces ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting ATF4‐xCT pathway
Authors: Ji Jie , Cheng Ziqi , Zhang Jie , Wu Jianye , Xu Xuanfu , Guo Chuanyong , Feng Jiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractManagement of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging due to population growth, frequent recurrence and drug resistance. Targeting of genes involved with the ferroptosis is a promising alternative treatment strategy for HCC. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) against HCC and explore the underlying mechanisms. The effects of DHA on induction of ferroptosis were investigated with the measurement of malondialdehyde concentrations, oxidised C11 BODIPY 581/591 staining, as well as subcutaneous xenograft experiments. Activated transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11 or xCT) were overexpressed with lentiviruses to verify the target of DHA. Here, we confirmed the anticancer effect of DHA in inducing ferroptosis is related to ATF4. High expression of ATF4 is related to worse clinicopathological prognosis of HCC. Mechanistically, DHA inhibited the expression of ATF4, thereby promoting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis of HCC cells. Overexpression of ATF4 rescued DHA‐induced ferroptosis. Moreover, ATF4 could directly bound to the SLC7A11 promoter and increase its transcription. In addition, DHA enhances the chemosensitivity of sorafenib on HCC in vivo and in vitro. These findings confirm that DHA induces ferroptosis of HCC via inhibiting ATF4‐xCT pathway, thereby providing new drug options for the treatment of HCC.
Non‐apoptotic regulated cell death mediates reprogramming of the tumour immune microenvironment by macrophages
Authors: Sun Chengpeng , Zhan Jianhao , Li Yao , Zhou Chulin , Huang Shuo , Zhu Xingen , Huang Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTumour immune microenvironment (TIME) plays an indispensable role in tumour progression, and tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in TIME. Non‐apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) can avoid the influence of tumour apoptosis resistance on anti‐tumour immune response. Specifically, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis mediate the crosstalk between TAMs and tumour cells in TIME, thus reprogram TIME and affect the progress of tumour. In addition, although some achievements have been made in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), there is still defect that ICIs are only effective for some people because non‐apoptotic RCD can bypass the apoptosis resistance of tumour. As a result, ICIs combined with targeting non‐apoptotic RCD may be a promising solution. In this paper, the basic molecular mechanism of non‐apoptotic RCD, the way in which non‐apoptotic RCD mediates crosstalk between TAMs and tumour cells to reprogram TIME, and the latest research progress in targeting non‐apoptotic RCD and ICIs are reviewed.
A statistical approach to law school citation rankings
Authors: Fischman Joshua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCitation rankings have emerged as a popular approach to ranking the scholarly impact of law faculties. This paper develops a statistical approach for inferring faculty quality from citation counts and determining when differences among law schools are significant. Statistical tests demonstrate that the distribution of citations within faculties closely follows the lognormal distribution, subject to small adjustments. This suggests a simple test for comparing faculties: whether they could be drawn from lognormal distributions with the same log mean. Under this approach, the geometric mean of citations is the most efficient measure for summarizing faculty quality. Using citation data collected from HeinOnline, this article provides a citation ranking for 195 law schools in the United States. Most differences between peer schools are statistically insignificant, and confidence intervals on citation ranks are extremely wide. Except for the highest‐ranked faculties, citation rankings provide little information on the relative quality of faculties.
Focused attention and intrinsic motivation using animations for instruction of fundamental motor skills in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Bridi D. , Valentini N. C. , Deslandes A. C. , Copetti F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) demonstrate poorer performance in locomotor and ball skills than children with typical development. During motor assessment, keeping children's attention and motivation is challenging, especially for children with DS, which may affect the test outcomes. This study aimed first to examine the impact of examiner and App‐animation demonstrations during the assessment on the performance of fundamental motor skills, focus of attention and intrinsic motivation for children with DS and neurotypical development (NTD). The secondary aim was to examine the differences in those outcomes between children with DS and neurotypical development.MethodsA sample of 24 children (10 with DS and 14 with NTD) aged between 3 and 10 years were subjected to two motor performance assessment protocols: a traditional protocol using the Gross Motor Development Test‐3 (TGMD‐3) and a protocol using animations from an application as support for TGMD‐3 (AppP). The focus of attention was obtained from video recordings during protocol instruction (number of eye shifts, eye shift time, instruction focus time, number of instructions required and total instruction time). Intrinsic motivation was assessed by the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) at the end of each protocol.ResultsThe results showed no significant differences between the protocols for locomotor skills, ball skills and gross motor index. However, children with NTD outperformed those with DS in these skills. When analysing the focus of attention, children with DS showed greater ocular deviations and longer instruction time requested in the traditional protocol compared with AppP, even when compared with NDT children. When comparing protocols in both groups, AppP demonstrated fewer ocular deviations and shorter ocular deviation times. Regarding intrinsic motivation, children with DS in the traditional protocol had lower motivation scores than those with NTD. Regarding the purchase of protocols, in both groups, the AppP presented higher scores for interest/pleasure, perceived competence and general motivation, with lower pressure/tension.ConclusionThe animated application (AppP) proved effective as a visual support during the TGMD‐3 assessment, particularly benefiting children with DS by enhancing motivation and attention.
Effects of bile acid metabolism on intestinal health of livestock and poultry
Authors: Jia Hongpeng , Dong Na 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBile acids are synthesised in the liver and are essential amphiphilic steroids for maintaining the balance of cholesterol and energy metabolism in livestock and poultry. They can be used as novel feed additives to promote fat utilisation in the diet and the absorption of fat‐soluble substances in the feed to improve livestock performance and enhance carcass quality. With the development of understanding of intestinal health, the balance of bile acid metabolism is closely related to the composition and growth of livestock intestinal microbiota, inflammatory response, and metabolic diseases. This paper systematically reviews the effects of bile acid metabolism on gut health and gut microbiology in livestock. In addition, our paper summarised the role of bile acid metabolism in performance and disease control.
Regulation of CNS pathology by Serpina3n/SERPINA3: The knowns and the puzzles
Authors: Zhu Meina , Lan Zhaohui , Park Joohyun , Gong Shuaishuai , Wang Yan , Guo Fuzheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, neuron and glia injury/death and myelin damage are common central nervous system (CNS) pathologies observed in various neurological diseases and injuries. Serine protease inhibitor (Serpin) clade A member 3n (Serpina3n), and its human orthologue SERPINA3, is an acute‐phase inflammatory glycoprotein secreted primarily by the liver into the bloodstream in response to systemic inflammation. Clinically, SERPINA3 is dysregulated in brain cells, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in various neurological conditions. Although it has been widely accepted that Serpina3n/SERPINA3 is a reliable biomarker of reactive astrocytes in diseased CNS, recent data have challenged this well‐cited concept, suggesting instead that oligodendrocytes and neurons are the primary sources of Serpina3n/SERPINA3. The debate continues regarding whether Serpina3n/SERPINA3 induction represents a pathogenic or a protective mechanism. Here, we propose possible interpretations for previously controversial data and present perspectives regarding the potential role of Serpina3n/SERPINA3 in CNS pathologies, including demyelinating disorders where oligodendrocytes are the primary targets. We hypothesise that the ‘good’ or ‘bad’ aspects of Serpina3n/SERPINA3 depend on its cellular sources, its subcellular distribution (or mis‐localisation) and/or disease/injury types. Furthermore, circulating Serpina3n/SERPINA3 may cross the BBB to impact CNS pathologies. Cell‐specific genetic tools are critically important to tease out the potential roles of cell type‐dependent Serpina3n in CNS diseases/injuries.
Current state and advances in desensitization for peanut allergy in pediatric age
Authors: Foti Randazzese Simone , Panasiti Ilenia , Caminiti Lucia , Catamerò Francesco , Landi Massimo , De Filippo Maria , Votto Martina , Olcese Roberta , Favuzza Filippo , Giovannini Mattia , Barberi Salvatore 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPeanut allergy affects about 1%–3% of the pediatric population in the world, with an important increase in the last decades. Nowadays, international guidelines recommend the early introduction of peanuts in the infant diet, with poor information about the quantity and the frequency of the intake. Allergen immunotherapy may represent the only therapeutic strategy able to modify the natural history of peanut allergy. In particular, oral immunotherapy showed the most promising results in terms of efficacy, but with significant rates of adverse reactions, mostly gastrointestinal. In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency approved Palforzia®, an oral drug for patients aged 4–17 years. Several studies are ongoing to improve the tolerability of oral immunotherapy and standardize the desensitization protocols. Sublingual immunotherapy permits to offer much lower doses than oral immunotherapy, but fewer adverse events are shown. Subcutaneous immunotherapy is associated with the greatest systemic adverse effects. Epicutaneous immunotherapy, for which Viaskin® patch was approved, has the highest safety profile. Innovative studies are evaluating the use of biological drugs, such as omalizumab or dupilumab, and probiotics, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, in monotherapy or associated with oral immunotherapy. Therapy for peanut allergy is constantly evolving, and new perspectives are ongoing to develop.image