bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does insecticide drift adversely affect grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Saltatoria) in field margins? A case study combining laboratory acute toxicity testing with field monitoring data
Authors: Bundschuh Rebecca , Schmitz Juliane , Bundschuh Mirco , Brühl Carsten Albrecht 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The current terrestrial risk assessment of insecticides regarding nontarget arthropods considers exclusively beneficial organisms, whereas herbivorous insects, such as grasshoppers, are ignored. However, grasshoppers living in field margins or meadows adjacent to crops may potentially be exposed to insecticides due to contact with or ingestion of contaminated food. Therefore, the present study assessed effects of five active ingredients of insecticides (dimethoate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, and deltamethrin) on the survival of Chorthippus sp. grasshopper nymphs by considering two routes of exposure (contact and oral). The experiments were accompanied by monitoring field margins that neighbored cereals, vineyards, and orchards. Grasslands were used as reference sites. The laboratory toxicity tests revealed a sensitivity of grasshoppers with regard to the insecticides tested in the present study similar to that of the standard test species used in arthropod risk assessments. In the field monitoring program, increasing grasshopper densities were detected with increasing field margin width next to cereals and vineyards, but densities remained low over the whole range of field margins from 0.5 to 20 m next to orchards. Grasshopper densities equivalent to those of grassland sites were only observed in field margins exceeding 9 m in width, except for field margins next to orchards. These results may indicate that current insecticide risk assessments are insufficiently protective for grasshoppers in field margins. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 1874–1879. © 2012 SETAC
A Bayesian belief network (BBN) for combining evidence from multiple CO2 leak detection technologies
Authors: Yang Ya‐Mei , Small Mitchell J. , Ogretim Egemen O. , Gray Donald D. , Wells Arthur W. , Bromhal Grant S. , Strazisar Brian R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA Bayesian belief network (BBN) methodology is developed for integrating CO2 leak detection inferences from multiple monitoring technologies at a geologic sequestration site. The methodology is demonstrated using two monitoring methods: near‐surface soil CO2 flux measurement and near‐surface perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PMCH) tracer monitoring, from the Zero Emission Research and Technology (ZERT) release test in 2007. Statistical models are fitted to natural background soil CO2 flux and background PMCH tracer concentrations to determine critical levels for leak inference. Leakage‐induced increments of soil CO2 flux and PMCH tracer concentrations are computed through TOUGH2 simulations for different leakage rates and subsurface permeabilities. The background characterizations and the simulation results are subsequently used to determine the conditional probabilities of leak detection in the BBN model. The BBN model is illustrated for use in evaluating the performance of alternative monitoring networks in a network design phase, and for combining inferences from multiple observations in the operational phase of a site. The detection capabilities of combined networks with different monitoring densities for soil CO2 flux and PMCH tracer concentration are compared. Given the test condition, the greater sensitivity of the PMCH tracer allows it to detect smaller leaks, while detection by the soil CO2 flux monitors implies that a larger leak is most likely present. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Baseflow separation in a small watershed in New Brunswick, Canada, using a recursive digital filter calibrated with the conductivity mass balance method
Authors: Zhang Ruigang , Li Qiang , Chow Thien Lien , Li Sheng , Danielescu Serban 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBaseflow separation is important for obtaining critical parameters for hydrological models. As measuring the baseflow component directly is difficult, various analytical and empirical baseflow separation methods have been developed and tested. The recursive digital filter (RDF) method is commonly used for baseflow separation due to its simplicity and low data requirement. However, parameters used in the RDF method are often determined arbitrarily, resulting in high uncertainty of the estimated baseflow rate. A more accurate method is the conductivity mass balance (CMB) method, which is established based on the differences in physical processes between baseflow and surface runoff. In this research, the output of the CMB method was used to calibrate the parameters of an RDF model, and the calibrated RDF model was used to estimate monthly, seasonal and annual baseflow rate and baseflow index for the past 19 years using streamflow discharge records. The characteristics of the baseflow hydrographs were found to be consistent with the hydrological and hydrogeological conditions of the research area. Research results indicated that the accuracy of the RDF model has been greatly enhanced after being calibrated with the CMB method so that the RDF model can provide more reliable baseflow separation results for a long‐term study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postnatal mental health and parenting: The importance of parental anger
Authors: Parfitt Ylva , Ayers Susan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractParents' postnatal mental health and subjective perceptions of their baby are likely to influence the quality of their relationship with their baby. To date, this has largely been examined in mothers; therefore, this study aimed to also explore this in both parents. Semistructured clinical interviews [The Birmingham Interview for Maternal Mental Health (BIMMH); Brockingon, Chandra et al., 2006] were carried out with 85 first‐time parents. The BMMHI identifies disorders of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and parental anger. Sections of the BMMHI also elicit qualitative accounts of parenthood. These were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Differences in the frequency of themes were examined for parents with or without mental health disorders or parental anger. Themes are reported for (a) baby characteristics, needs, and development; (b) parents' emotions, responses, coping strategies, and general parenthood; and (c) parent and baby relationship. Results indicated that both the presence of parental mental health problems and, more notably, parental anger were associated with more negative accounts of the self, the baby, and parenthood. This study provides insight into first‐time parents' perceptions of early parenthood. Results especially highlight the need to consider parental experiences of anger in more detail for assessment and interventions in the early postpartum period.
Inorganic composition and filler particles morphology of conventional and self‐adhesive resin cements by SEM/EDX
Authors: Aguiar Thaiane Rodrigues , Di Francescantonio Marina , Bedran‐Russo Ana Karina , Giannini Marcelo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to characterize the inorganic components and morphology of filler particles of conventional and self‐adhesive, dual‐curing, resin luting cements. The main components were identified by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy microanalysis (EDX), and filler particles were morphologically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Four resin cements were used in this study: two conventional resin cements (RelyX ARC/3M ESPE and Clearfil Esthetic Cement/Kuraray Medical) and two self‐adhesive resin cements (RelyX Unicem/3M ESPE and Clearfil SA Luting/Kuraray Medical). The materials (n = 5) were manipulated according to manufacturers' instructions, immersed in organic solvents to eliminate the organic phase and observed under SEM/EDX. Although EDX measurements showed high amount of silicon for all cements, differences in elemental composition of materials tested were identified. RelyX ARC showed spherical and irregular particles, whereas other cements presented only irregular filler shape. In general, self‐adhesive cements contained higher filler size than conventional resin luting cements. The differences in inorganic components and filler particles were observed between categories of luting material and among them. All resin cements contain silicon, however, other components varied among them. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on tendon‐to‐bone healing in a canine flexor tendon model
Authors: Thomopoulos Stavros , Kim H. Mike , Silva Matthew J. , Ntouvali Eleni , Manning Cionne N. , Potter Ryan , Seeherman Howard , Gelberman Richard H. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTendon‐to‐bone healing is typically poor, with a high rate of repair‐site rupture. Bone loss after tendon‐to‐bone repair may contribute to poor outcomes. Therefore, we hypothesized that the local application of the osteogenic growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) would promote bone formation, leading to improved repair‐site mechanical properties. Intrasynovial canine flexor tendons were injured in Zone 1 and repaired into bone tunnels in the distal phalanx. BMP‐2 was delivered to the repair site using either a calcium phosphate matrix (CPM) or a collagen sponge (COL) carrier. Each animal also received carrier alone in an adjacent repair to serve as an internal control. Repairs were evaluated at 21 days using biomechanical, radiographic, and histologic assays. Although an increase in osteoid formation was noted histologically, no significant increases in bone mineral density occurred. When excluding functional failures (i.e., ruptured and gapped repairs), mechanical properties were not different when comparing BMP‐2/CPM groups with carrier controls. A significantly higher percentage of BMP‐2 treated specimens had a maximum force <20 N compared to carrier controls. While tendon‐to‐bone healing can be enhanced by addressing the bone loss that typically occurs after surgical repair, the delivery of BMP‐2 using the concentrations and methods of the current study did not improve mechanical properties over carrier alone. The anticipated anabolic effect of BMP‐2 was insufficient in the short time frame of this study to counter the post‐repair loss of bone. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1702–1709, 2012
Effect of vitrification on promoter methylation and the expression of pluripotency and differentiation genes in mouse blastocysts
Authors: Zhao Xue‐Ming , Du Wei‐Hua , Hao Hai‐Sheng , Wang Dong , Qin Tong , Liu Yan , Zhu Hua‐Bin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine the effects of vitrification on promoter methylation and the expression levels of pluripotency and differentiation genes in mouse blastocysts. Promoter region CpG methylation patterns and the expression levels of octamer‐binding transcription factor (Oct4), Nanog homeobox (Nanog), caudal‐type homeobox 2 (Cdx2), and heart and neural crest derivatives‐expressed transcript 1 (Hand1) were analyzed in fresh and vitrified mouse blastocysts. Methylation was measured by bisulphate mutagenesis and sequencing; gene expression was determined by real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR. The results showed that vitrification significantly reduced the methylation levels of the Oct4 (85% vs. 62.5%), Nanog (77.5% vs. 55%), and Cdx2 promoters (4.6% vs. 1.4%; P < 0.05) in mouse blastocysts, which correlated with increased expression of Oct4 and Nanog in vitrified blastocysts. Hand1 promoter methylation was not significantly different in the fresh (17.9%) versus vitrification group (21.4%; P > 0.05). The expression levels of Cdx2 and Hand1 were not significantly different in fresh and vitrified blastocysts. In conclusion, vitrification significantly decreased Oct4, Nanog, and Cdx2 promoter methylation in mouse blastocysts, which correlated with increased expression of Oct4 and Nanog. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79:445–450, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between cervical cord 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy and clinoco‐electromyographic profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Ikeda Ken , Murata Kiyoko , Kawase Yuji , Kawabe Kiyokazu , Kano Osamu , Yoshii Yasuhiro , Takazawa Takanori , Hirayama Takehisa , Iwasaki Yasuo 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons, leading to limb paralysis and respiratory failure. Methods: C1–C3 cord 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) was performed in 19 patients with ALS and 20 controls. N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), choline‐containing compounds, creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr), and myo‐Inositol (m‐Ins) were measured. ALS Functional Rating Scale‐Revised (ALSFRS) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were assessed. The rates of decline were calculated at 6 months before and after 1H‐MRS. Results: NAA/Cr and NAA/m‐Ins were decreased significantly, and m‐Ins/Cr was increased significantly in ALS patients compared with controls. NAA/Cr and NAA/m‐Ins were correlated with ALSFRS and FVC and inversely linked to the decline rates. NAA/Cr, NAA/m‐Ins, and m‐Ins/Cr were altered markedly in 9 patients with denervation and neurogenic changes in both C2 paraspinal and upper limb muscles. Conclusions: These metabolite ratios were associated with disease progression and ongoing denervation in neck and hand muscles. C1–C3 cord 1H‐MRS might reflect anterior horn cell damage causing neck/arm weakness and respiratory dysfunction in ALS patients. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Mannosylglycerate stabilizes staphylococcal nuclease with restriction of slow β‐sheet motions
Authors: Pais Tiago M. , Lamosa Pedro , Matzapetakis Manolis , Turner David L. , Santos Helena 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMannosylglycerate is a compatible solute typical of thermophilic marine microorganisms that has a remarkable ability to protect proteins from thermal denaturation. This ionic solute appears to be a universal stabilizing agent, but the extent of protection depends on the specific protein examined. To understand how mannosylglycerate confers protection, we have been studying its influence on the internal motions of a hyperstable staphylococcal nuclease (SNase). Previously, we found a correlation between the magnitude of protein stabilization and the restriction of fast backbone motions. We now report the effect of mannosylglycerate on the fast motions of side‐chains and on the slower unfolding motions of the protein. Side‐chain motions were assessed by 13CH3 relaxation measurements and model‐free analysis while slower unfolding motions were probed by H/D exchange measurements at increasing concentrations of urea. Side‐chain motions were little affected by the presence of different concentrations of mannosylglycerate or even by the presence of urea (0.25M), and show no correlation with changes in the thermodynamic stability of SNase. Native hydrogen exchange experiments showed that, contrary to reports on other stabilizing solutes, mannosylglycerate restricts local motions in addition to the global motions of the protein. The protein unfolding/folding pathway remained undisturbed in the presence of mannosylglycerate but the solute showed a specific effect on the local motions of β‐sheet residues. This work reinforces the link between solute‐induced stabilization and restriction of protein motions at different timescales, and shows that the solute preferentially affects specific structural elements of SNase.
An equivalent neutral wind observation operator for variational assimilation of scatterometer ocean surface wind data
Authors: Tardif Robert , Laroche Stéphane 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis article describes a new observation operator developed for improved variational data assimilation of scatterometer ocean wind vectors. The forward operator is designed explicitly to take into account the equivalent neutral calibration of scatterometer wind retrievals. The corresponding tangent linear and adjoint (TL/AD) operators are developed for the calculation of near‐surface increments based explicitly on parametrizations of surface‐layer turbulent momentum transfer. Tangent linear and adjoint operators are formulated using the Jacobian of the forward operator estimated using the perturbation method. Various TL/AD configurations are investigated in more detail to assess the impact of sensitivities affecting the vertical gradient of surface‐layer temperature during assimilation of ocean surface wind data. It is argued that these sensitivities should be neglected in the context of a stand‐alone atmospheric prediction system. The complete form of the operator has, however, the potential to be a key component of a coupled atmosphere–ocean data assimilation system. Two data assimilation experiments were performed using distinct scatterometer observation operators, i.e. new equivalent neutral versus the simpler operational configuration using stability‐dependent (real) background winds. Associated medium‐range forecasts were run for a complete impact assessment. The impact of the new operator is tracked through the entire data assimilation and forecast process by comparing analyses and forecasts from both experiments. A significant sensitivity of the data assimilation system to the configuration of the observation operator has been found. Modest but beneficial impacts are obtained with the equivalent neutral wind observation operator with respect to short‐range forecasts of ocean surface winds and medium‐range forecasts of extratropical geopotential heights. © 2012 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Theoretical EXAFS studies of a model of the oxygen‐evolving complex of photosystem II obtained with the quantum cluster approach
Authors: Li Xichen , Sproviero Eduardo M. , Ryde Ulf , Batista Victor S. , Chen Guangju 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II is the only natural system that can form O2 from water and sunlight and it consists of a Mn4Ca cluster. In a series of publications, Siegbahn has developed a model of the OEC with the quantum mechanical (QM) cluster approach that is compatible with available crystal structures, able to form O2 with a reasonable energetic barrier, and has a significantly lower energy than alternative models. In this investigation, we present a method to restrain a QM geometry optimization toward experimental polarized extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data. With this method, we show that the cluster model is compatible with the EXAFS data and we obtain a refined cluster model that is an optimum compromise between QM and polarized EXAFS data. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐principles investigation of magnetic property and defect formation energy in Ni‐Mn‐Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy
Authors: Bai Jing , Xu Nan , Raulot Jean‐Marc , Esling Claude , Zhao Xiang , Zuo Liang 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe magnetic properties of the different phases of Ni2MnGa and the defect formation energies in off‐stoichiometric Ni2MnGa are systematically investigated by means of the first‐principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory using the Vienna Ab Initio Software Package. The individual magnetic moment of each constituent atom keeps constant in austenite and NM martensite, whereas those of Ni and Mn in the 5M and 7M martensites oscillate according to the atomic position. The formation energies of the various point defects (antisite and vacancy) have been systematically calculated. Furthermore, the magnetic structures of the defective structures have been shown in detail. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum chemical investigation on the reaction mechanism of tertiary phosphines with unsaturated carboxylic acids: An insight into kinetic data
Authors: Salin Alexey V. , Aminova Roza M. , Galkin Vladimir I. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe structures of intermediates and transition states in the reaction of tertiary phosphines with unsaturated carboxylic acids have been calculated at the B3LYP level of theory using the 6‐31+G(d,p) basis set. Analysis of the results shows that [1,3]‐intramolecular migration of carboxylic proton to carbanionic center of generated zwitterionic intermediate is strongly kinetically unfavorable, and external proton‐donor source is essential to complete quaternization. A molecular cluster of the intermediate with one molecule of water has been modeled for intermolecular reaction pathway, but even in this case, the proton transfer remains to be the rate‐determining step that is in a good agreement with previous kinetic investigations on this reaction. The data obtained for this reaction have much in common with recent studies on the mechanisms of the Morita–Baylis–Hillman reaction and phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition, which revealed paramount importance of proton‐transfer steps. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding a System of Systems Model with the Schelling Segregation Model
Authors: Baldwin W. Clifton , Boardman John T. , Sauser Brian J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe Schelling segregation model is a well‐established representation of social issues in a neighbourhood. On the basis of the systems approach, a model of system of systems (SoS) that is validated through comparison with the Schelling model and applies to more neighbourhoods is proposed. The systems model of an SoS empirically demonstrates the potential for conflict to arise as the autonomy of systems within a geographically distributed SoS increases. The results may contribute to future international policy as well as ecological management. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable Sonnenschutzgläser – von den Grundlagen zur Praxis
Authors: Wittkopf Hartmut , Dittmar Manfred 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGläser mit variablen und steuerbaren energie‐ und lichttechnischen Parametern sind ein effektiver Baustein zur Reduzierung von Klimatisierungslasten und zur Minimierung des Gebäudeenergieverbrauches. Unter den möglichen Wirkprinzipien setzt sich die Elektrochromie bei Sonnenschutzglasanwendungen durch, dank des Grades der möglichen Licht‐ und Energiemodulation, der komfortablen Regelbarkeit und der Nutzung bewährter Technologien der Flachglasindustrie. Zahlreiche Einsatzbeispiele und ausgeführte Projekte der letzten 5 Jahre belegen die Machbarkeit und die Anwendungsbreite schaltbarer Verglasungen für das Energiemanagement von Wohn‐ und Gewerbebauten.