bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed Storage Oil Mobilization Is Important But Not Essential for Germination or Seedling Establishment in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kelly Amélie A. , Quettier Anne-Laure , Shaw Eve , Eastmond Peter J. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a major storage reserve in many plant seeds. We previously identified a TAG lipase mutant called sugar-dependent1 (sdp1) that is impaired in TAG hydrolysis following Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seed germination (Eastmond, 2006). The aim of this study was to identify additional lipases that account for the residual TAG hydrolysis observed in sdp1. Mutants were isolated in three candidate genes (SDP1-LIKE [SDP1L], ADIPOSE TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE-LIKE, and COMPARATIVE GENE IDENTIFIER-58-LIKE). Analysis of double, triple, and quadruple mutants showed that SDP1L is responsible for virtually all of the residual TAG hydrolysis present in sdp1 seedlings. Oil body membranes purified from sdp1 sdp1L seedlings were deficient in TAG lipase activity but could still hydrolyze di- and monoacylglycerol. SDP1L is expressed less strongly than SDP1 in seedlings. However, SDP1L could partially rescue TAG breakdown in sdp1 seedlings when expressed under the control of the SDP1 or 35S promoters and in vitro assays showed that both SDP1 and SDP1L can hydrolyze TAG, in preference to diacylglycerol or monoacylglycerol. Seed germination was slowed in sdp1 sdp1L and postgerminative seedling growth was severely retarded. The frequency of seedling establishment was also reduced, but sdp1 sdp1L was not seedling lethal under normal laboratory growth conditions. Our data show that together SDP1 and SDP1L account for at least 95% of the rate of TAG hydrolysis in Arabidopsis seeds, and that this hydrolysis is important but not essential for seed germination or seedling establishment.
Urinary mRNA markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition correlate with progression of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zheng Min , Lv Lin‐Li , Cao Yu‐Han , Zhang Jian‐Dong , Wu Min , Ma Kun‐Ling , Phillips Aled O. , Liu Bi‐Cheng 
Published: August 2011

SummaryObjective  Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Quantification of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in urinary sediment is emerging as a noninvasive method of screening DN‐associated biomarkers. The aim of our study was to examine whether urinary mRNA profile of EMT‐associated genes may provide valuable clinical insight into the different stages of DN.Design and methods  Diabetic nephropathy patients (n = 44) and healthy controls (n = 12) were enrolled in this study. DN patients were divided into three groups according to the levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): Group A (eGFR > 60 ml/min per 1·73 m2, n = 27), Group B (45 < eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1·73 m2, n = 9), and Group C (eGFR < 45 ml/min per 1·73 m2, n = 8). Relative mRNA abundance of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), fibronectin, FSP1 and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) were quantified, and correlations between target mRNAs and clinical parameters were examined.Results  The urinary mRNA levels of α‐SMA, fibronectin and MMP‐9 were significantly higher in the DN group compared with controls (P < 0·05), and mRNA levels increased with DN progression. Urinary mRNA levels of all target genes positively correlated with both urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Moreover, the expression of α‐SMA, fibronectin and MMP‐9 mRNA correlated with serum creatinine levels (r = 0·514, r = 0·53 and r = 0·469, all P < 0·001) and eGFR levels (r = −0·374, r = −0·392 and r = −0·487, all P < 0·01).Conclusions  Quantification of EMT‐associated genes in urinary sediment may be a novel approach for searching new biomarkers of DN.
Thrombopoietins and Thrombopoiesis: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Kuter D.J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractSince the discovery of thrombopoietin four years ago there has been much interest in the clinical use of this growth factor and its impact on platelet transfusions. Two recombinant thrombopoietin molecules are currently under intense clinical investigation. One is a full‐length, glycosylated thrombopoietin (rHuTPO) and the other is a non‐glycosylated, truncated thrombopoietin coupled to polyethylene glycol (PEG‐rHuMGDF). Both bind to the thrombopoietin receptor, c‐mpl, and stimulate megakaryocyte growth and platelet production in vitro and in vivo. In early clinical studies these “Mpl ligands” have been effective in reducing thrombocytopenia after non‐myeloablative but not after myeloablative chemotherapy. In transfusion medicine, they may serve to increase the yield of stem cell harvests, expand progenitor cells ex vivo and stimulate platelet apheresis donors. Their impact on platelet usage is still unclear but may be less than initially estimated.
Transmission of Parasites by Blood Transfusion
Authors: Dodd R.Y. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA number of parasitic diseases are known, or suspected to be transmitted by blood transfusion. Of greatest concern are malaria and Chagas' disease, but babesia, leishmania and toxoplasmosis also offer risk in particular locations or circumstances. Some of these parasites may be imported into non‐endemic areas as a result of population movements and in some cases, the natural range of the parasite is increasing as a result of environmental change. Recent research, particularly on Chagas disease and babesiosis will be discussed, along with measures to minimize transmission of these and other parasites via transfusion.
Preparation and Preservation of Red Cells
Authors: Högman C.F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground: The production of blood components has undergone several changes during the last decades. Methods: Red blood cells will have slightly different properties depending on the way of preparation: whether a hard or soft spin has been used, whether platelets and/or leukocytes have been removed or not, and whether the red cells have been suspended in part of the original plasma or in an additive solution. Automated techniques are now often used for the separation of buffy coats, red cells and plasma. Recently, apheresis techniques have been applied for the preparation of red cells, mostly in combination with plasma or platelets. Continuous addition of the anticoagulant during collection reduces the delay between collection and separation, but the cost is higher and donor time longer. Results: Most of the methods for the preparation and storage of red cells allow 35–42 days of storage with a mean in vivo recovery of >75%. However, the content of erythrocyte 2,3‐DPG is commonly lost within 1–2 weeks, caused by the accumulation of acid metabolites, but can be maintained longer with new systems of storage. Leukodepletion of red cells by filtration is used increasingly, but its importance in the majority of transfusions is still unclear. Conclusion: New options for the preparation and storage of red blood cells are available and undergo continuous evaluation
Changes in Donor Leukocytes during Blood Storage. Implications on Post‐ Transfusion Immunomodulation and Transfusion‐Associated GVHD
Authors: Mincheff M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFreshly drawn peripheral blood granulocytes, monocytes and NK cells express Fas‐L following activation. Fully functional soluble Fas‐L (sFas‐L) is released and found in fresh plasma samples from healthy volunteers coupled to a Fas‐L binding factor (PFBF). In the absence of plasma leukocytes undergo rapid apoptosis with 15% of the granulocytes and 25% of the monocytes showing signs of apoptosis immediately following separation. Apoptosis progresses during refrigerated storage even in the presence of plasma and all granulocytes disintegrate by day 15 of storage. The absence of plasma increases the rate of apoptosis. The resulting increased expression of PS on apoptosing leukocytes enhances blood procoagulant activity. Whereas transfusions of fresh blood lead to alloimmunization, the functional impairment and death of antigen‐presenting cells during storage eliminates their ability to stimulate cytotoxic immune responses. Additionally, loss of function and death of donor T cells during storage preclude the possibility for development of post‐transfusion GVHD. Continued storage leads to the secondary necrosis of apoptosed leukocytes and the release of soluble antigens. Depending on dose, transfusions of such products may lead to immunosuppression due to a T2 bias of the immune response.
Quality Assurance and Standards for Red Cells and Platelets
Authors: Sweeney J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBlood donations vary in composition because of considerable variation in donor cell counts and volume collected. In order to minimize the variation in end products produced, and reduce the likelihood of low quality products, a program called Quality Assurance (QA) is required. Agreement on minimal standards is useful, and a program of quality control (QC) is an important component of QA. However, while QC to ensure compliance with standards is desirable, the objective of manufacturing products of consistently high quality can only be achieved when attention is focused on total process control, self‐ auditing and the energetic management of errors.
Storage and Quality Assessment of Platelets
Authors: Holme S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPlatelet concentrates stored for 5 days under currently optimal conditions at 22 C demonstrate approximately a 20–30% loss of viability as determined by CCI measurements in thrombocytopenic patients and radiolabeling studies with healthy volunteers. The functionality of platelets is substantially lost during storage. This loss appears, for most part, to be reversible upon infusion. In view of this, stored platelets should be acceptable for prophylactic treatment of thrombocytopenic patients in whom immediate hemostatic function is not critical. However, whether stored platelets are functionally adequate for immediate arrest of perioperative bleeding in surgical patients remain uncertain. Currently, a fully adequate and appropriate test that evaluates the hemostatic function of a stored platelet product is not available. In view of this, a desired goal in research and development of new platelet products may then be to attain a platelet product that is similar to fresh platelets in various haemostatic functions. Whether this is an obtainable or relevant goal remains to be seen.
Modified Hemoglobin‐based Blood Substitutes: Crosslinked, Recombinant and Encapsulated Hemoglobin
Authors: Chang T.M.S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNative hemoglobin in the form of stroma‐free hemoglobin cannot be used as blood substitute. Hemoglobin has to be modified either molecularly or encapsulated. First generation molecularly modified ultrapure hemoglobins are now in clinical trial ‐ some in Phase III. There are a number of these. Polyhemoglo‐ bin is formed by crosslinking hemoglobin molecules intermolecularly and intra‐ molecularly. A crosslinked single hemoglobin molecule is formed by crosslinking hemoglobin intramolecularly. Recombinant hemoglobin from E.coli is formed by fusion of the subunits of each hemoglobin molecule. Conjugated hemoglobin is formed by crosslinking each hemoglobin molecule to soluble polymers. A second generation system formed by crosslinking hemoglobin‐ superoxide dismutase‐catalase is being developed. A third generation hemoglobin‐based blood substitute is based on microencapsulated hemoglobin, artificial red blood cells, that more closely resemble a complete red blood cell.
Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Implications for The Modern Blood Bank
Authors: Hoffman R. , Rozler E. , Chute J. , Nelson M. , Chen L. , Turian J. , Bartholomew A. , Brandt J.E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PHSC) are rare cells within the marrow that are capable of self‐renewal and differentiation into multiple hematopoietic lineages. Following myeloablative chemotherapy and radiation therapy and marrow transplantation, hematological reconstitution occurs after a period of 2‐ 3 weeks. Recently, a number of laboratories have shown that both early and delayed phases of engraftment are mediated by PHSC within a graft and that engraftment can be accelerated by transplanting greater numbers of PHSC. Increasing efforts have been directed, therefore, towards developing methods to expand PHSC ex vivo. In this report, we describe an endothelial cell‐based culture system to which exogenous cytokines are added which appears to permit the ex vivo expansion of PHSC. Refinement of these technologies will potentially have a major impact on the ability of blood banks to improve the quality of hematopoietic stem cell grafts.
Blood Cell Precursors in Context. Composition of the Bone Marrow Microenvironment that Supports B Lymphopoiesis
Authors: Kincade P.W. , Yamashita Y. , Borghesi L. , Medina K. , Oritani K. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNew molecular approaches are rapidly yielding information about the composition of bone marrow and culture studies suggest possible functions for many molecules in that organ. However, the marrow is extraordinarily complex with respect to interactions between cells and their behaviour may not be adequately modeled in culture. It is becoming apparent that post‐translational modifications and function of proteins can be highly influenced by the cellular and extracellular environment. Therefore, in vivo studies will continue to be important for understanding this remarkable organ.
Flowcytometry ‐ Principles and Feasibility in Transfusion Medicine. Enumeration of Epithelial Derived Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Terstappen L.W.M.M. , Rao C. , Gross S. , Kotelnikov V. , Racilla E. , Uhr J. , Weiss A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractImmunomagnetic selection of epithelial cells from peripheral blood was combined with flowcytometric or microscopic analysis to characterize and enumerate epithelium derived tumor cells in the circulation of patients with carcinoma of the breast. Highly significant differences in the number of circulating epithelial cells were found between normal controls and patients with breast cancer. In addition, significant differences in the number of circulating epithelial cells were found in patients in whom the tumor is confined to the primary tumor and those with metastatic disease to local lymphnodes or distant sites [1]. The malignant nature of the cells was demonstrated by their cytology and immunophenotype. In following up the number of epithelial cells in the blood of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast, it was shown that it was well correlated with the activity of the disease.
Molecular Genetic Methods: Principles and Feasibility in Transfusion Medicine
Authors: Avent N.D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe scale of the application of molecular biological techniques to modern medicine and research in the biological sciences is vast, and in many instances has captured widespread public appeal. The intention of this review is to summarise the impact of molecular techniques on Transfusion Medicine ranging from diagnostic testing (platelet, granulocyte and red cell genotyping; microbiological testing), stable gene integration into haematopoeitic stem cells (gene therapy), production of blood products in transgenic animals and cell lines, and the inhibition of gene expression using synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleo‐ tides. All of these techniques involve the manipulation of genes, be it from the relatively simple examination of different alleles to the technically demanding ability to express mammalian genes in culture and other animals.
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura ITP
Authors: Imbach P. , Kühne T. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenic purpura ITP is characterized by early platelet destruction due to an unbalanced immune response. In acute ITP, a transient increase of HLA‐DR molecules has been detected while in individuals with chronic ITP, in addition, increased serum concentrations of IL‐2 and other cytokines reflecting in vivo T‐cell activation have been observed. Clinically, the hemorrhagic manifestation of ITP rather than the platelet count should define the indication for active intervention. In a staging system a patient with stage III has bleeding signs and platelet counts below 10 or 20 times 109/L and needs treatment, a patient with stage II should be treated on an individual level (prevention of bleeding) and a patient with stage I (no bleeding, platelet count above 50 times 109/L) should be observed only.
CD8+ T Cells of Tc2 Phenotype Mediate a GVL Effect and Prevent Marrow Rejection
Authors: Fowler D.H. , Gress R.E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDonor T cells mediate both beneficial and detrimental immune reactions in the setting of allogeneic BMT (alloBMT). T cells mediate the GVL effect and prevent marrow rejection, but also induce GVHD. In an attempt to favorably influence the balance of these allogeneic responses, we have evaluated the effect of donor CD4+, Thl/Th2 and CD8+, Tcl/Tc2 functional T cell subsets in murine marrow transplantation models. Our studies have identified the CD8+Tc2 population (which is a cytolytic effector secreting the type II cytokines IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐10) as a subset capable of mediating the GVL effect and preventing marrow rejection with reduced GVHD. We have also shown that the Tc2 subset can be generated in humans. These studies indicate that administration of donor CD8+ T cells of Tc2 phenotype represents a strategy for improving alloBMT outcome.
Clinical Aspects and Typing of Platelet Alloantigens
Authors: Kroll H. , Kiefel V. , Santoso S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPlatelet alloantigens can induce the formation of corresponding alloantibodies when exposed to phenotypically negative individuals. These antibodies are responsible for fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, posttransfusion purpura, passive alloimmune thrombocytopenia and transplantation‐ associated thrombocytopenia and may contribute to platelet transfusion refractoriness together with HLA antibodies. Besides antibody detection laboratory diagnosis of the clinical syndromes requires alloantigen typing. Furthermore, typed platelet donors are a prerequisite for effective platelet transfusion therapy. Different techniques for phenotyping are well established and easy to perform but they rely on the availability of antisera. Since the molecular genetic background of the clinically most relevant alloantigens has been elucidated during the last years various genotyping methods have been applied to the platelet membrane polymorphisms and thus facilitated widespread platelet alloantigen typing. Generation of antibodies from phage display libraries and of lymphoblastoid cell lines from donors with all genetic variants will allow further developments.
Screening Programmes for Foetomaternal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Williamson L.M. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractScreening to detect pregnancies at risk of severe thrombocytopenia due to Foetomaternal alloimmunisation to Human Platelet Alloantigens (FAIT) is not yet a standard of care. Screening may be performed antenatally with the possibility of early intervention/therapy. Post natal measurement of cord platelet count may not always prevent fetal damage but may detect severe thrombocytopenia from other causes. Assessment of FAIT screening against World Health Organisation standards for screening programmes helps define areas where knowledge is still lacking and where research effort should be directed. Limitations to screening have been lack of reliable assays for typing and antibody detection, a limited understanding of the relationship between the presence of alloantibodies and clinical disease, inability to predict non‐invasively which cases will have a severe outcome, and controversy as to which antenatal therapy is optimal for cases at high risk of a poor outcome.
The Transfusion Medicine Consultant and Hospital Transfusion Committee
Authors: Popovsky M.A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAim: The evolution of blood banking into the broad, multi‐disciplinary specialty of transfusion medicine has created the need for a new type of physician ‐ the transfusion medicine consultant. Both laboratorian and clinician, the transfusion medicine consultant offers a wide range of skills and support to both medical and surgical disciplines. This individual can be based in either the hospital or regional blood center. He is a crucial member of the hospital transfusion committee. The latter can play an activist role in patient care.
Replacement of Massive Blood Loss
Authors: Hiippala S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractTreatment of massive blood loss has experienced major changes during the recent decade. The transition towards pure component therapy has been the most significant issue, which has compelled the clinician to revise some of their basic strategics in treatment of massively bleeding patients. The importance of adequate volume resuscitation with crystalloids and colloids is still unrefutable, but the therapy of hemorrhagic derangements has changed. Plasma‐poor red cells (RC) are now commonly used instead of whole blood (WB) or packed red blood cells (PRBC) to correct oxygen carrying capacity during massive blood loss. As the plasma content of RC is minimal, deficit of plasma and coagulation factors develops earlier than during transfusion of WB and PRBC. Hypofibri‐ nogenemia develops first followed by other coagulation factor deficits and later by thrombocytopenia. Therefore the use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is the primary intervention to treat abnormal bleeding encountered in the replacement of massive blood loss with RC. As the development of thrombocytopenia is a highly individual phenomenon, the transfusion of platelets should be guided by repeatedly determined platelet counts.
Experiences with “Self Service” Electronic Blood Banking
Authors: Cheng G. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractElectronic verification of ABO compatibility (computer crossmatching) has been accepted as the crossmatching procedure for patients without clinically significant alloantibodies. Computer crossmatching offers several advantages over the immediate spin crossmatch and enables the setting up of a self service blood banking system. Self service blood banking saves manpower, improves crossmatch/transfusion(C/T) ratio and makes the maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) redundant. Blood banking service can also be provided at satellite hospitals without stationing blood banking staff there. We have also developed a novel self service system that does not require expensive computer hardware and networking.
Hemovigilance in the United States of America
Authors: Menitove J.E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlthough hemovigilance is not a word used commonly in the United States, the concept of monitoring morbidity associated with blood transfusion is accepted widely. Currently, quality management focuses on error avoidance rather than error detection in both the “manufacturing” and “clinical” aspects of blood banking. “Manufacturing” is regulated predominantly by current Good Manufacturing Practices while clinical transfusion medicine follows clinical practice guidelines. There are multiple overlapping mechanisms for quality assurance and error reporting among governmental, professional, and non‐profit regulatory agencies. The strategies of each stress the on‐going need for a systems approaches to preventing errors.