bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing an Early Production Facility for a Marginal Oil Field to Boost the Economic Profitability of the Project
Authors: Magomadov I. A. , Prasad P. , Balhasan S. A. , Fathalla O. , Ismail A. , Musbah I. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Marginal fields’ reserves development is attached to the significant financial risks, which are catalyzed by time from discovery to an effect from investment. An option to decrease such risks is using the early production facilities (EPF), which allows producing the hydrocarbons in a quicker basis and monetizing the asset in a shortest timeline, compared to temporary facilities. EPF leads to accelerated operational decision-making that contributes to early payback with minimal financial outlay. Three modifications of early production facilities were used in this paper: three stage separators with relevant storage tanks and compressors. Among the three design configurations, the two-stage separation model is considered the best scenario from the economic and the technical perspective. One-stage separation was not suitable for our fluids condition due to the high pressure drop from the wellhead to the separator and remaining gas dissolved in oil after separation, which indicated that in order to increase the recovery factor and efficiency of the separation, we need to use more stages to get a purer product. The three-stage separation demonstrated almost the same performance (extra two barrels of oil) as the two-stage option: desired quality, state of the fluids and efficiency was obtained; an extra investment would not be profitable. When the number of separators increased the efficiency and RF of the separation increased. EPF and permanent facilities were compared utilizing economic evaluation and risk analysis. It was found that EPF showed more attractive profitability indicators: NPV (SP) 132.81 $MM, IRR (SP) 42.93%, and NPV (FP) 513.24 $MM. The Permanent facilities had a significant negative effect on the economic criteria. Selection of the EPF will lead to early profit with less risk, reducing the time to start production due to parallel design, fabrication and site preparation.
Impact of Channel Incision on Kareem Sand Compartmentalization and Water Flooding Variability in the Badri Field: A Case Study in the East-Central Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Hassan A. H. , Hussien W. S. , Ismail A. I. , Nasr M. S. , Ibrahim M. M. , Magdy K. M. , Hasanein A. G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Badri field is located in the east central part of the Gulf of Suez made up of two productive reservoirs: Belayim and Kareem of Miocene age. This study focuses on the Kareem reservoir, whose production began in 1983. Kareem is largely supported by peripheral and gas cap water injection. However, we observed that some of the water injectors are not in full communication with the offset producers and gas cap water injection had limited success in maintaining reservoir pressure and was ineffective in reducing gas-oil ratios (GOR) or preventing gas migration, as evidenced by the pressure and production data analysis. Following a thorough investigation, the problem identified to be an incised channel, which separated the injectors from the producers. The geological analysis has had a significant impact on reservoir development, influencing water flood strategy, pattern orientation and expected performance, where the geomorphological model of incised channel provides guidance in the selection of alternative water injection locations to improve recovery and overall ineffective water injection program. Due to incision, Baba sand is opposite to Kareem sand. Therefore, Baba sand inside this incision is likely to be Gas bearing with same pressure as Kareem. This has confirmed from few producers when we perforated Baba. Still there are some potential of Baba to perforate as long as it is within incision. Constructed a distinctive AI-ML based reservoir facies 3D model for the Badri field allows understanding internal complexity of reservoir and develop a full field 3D static model that used as a general reservoir management tool to improve expected recovery.
Evaluation of Vinyl Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids as Flow Improvers for Indian Waxy Crude Oil
Authors: Patel Zarana , Nagar Ashish 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The blockages due to wax/paraffin deposition in operational facilities consensus as a billion-dollar problem in Petroleum industry. Moreover, the production shift towards heavy and paraffinic crude oil from extreme climate regions further aggravates the situation. What’s more, the utilization of environmentally hazardous chemicals for mitigation of this severe issue also causes additional threats. Thus, motivated by such a problem, current research endeavor synthesis and application of green chemicals viz. Ionic liquids for mitigation of paraffin deposition. Vinyl imidazolium based Ionic liquids were synthesized by nucleophilic addition of 1-Bromo alkane and Vinyl imidazole. The obtained products further undergo metathesis with Bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium salt (LiNTf2) to obtain the final product (IL). The structure of IL was assessed by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The effect of IL on pour point was assessed. Further, the IL was evaluated for Microscopic and rheological Studies of petroleum by Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) and Rheometer respectively. Cold finger test was performed to check Wax deposition potential of Crude oil and Paraffin Inhibition Efficiency of Chemical additive. The results showed that IL demonstrated superior performance in enhancing the flowability of waxy crude oil compared to conventional pour point depressant (PPD) available in the market. The pour point of crude oil could be lowered by as much as 15°C at 500 ppm by using IL compared to commercial PPD which depresses the pour point up to 6°C only at higher concentration (1000 ppm). At 30°C, the viscosity of the waxy crude oil reduced up to 85% after doping crude oil with 500 ppm IL. Cold finger test results revealed that IL can reduce the paraffin deposition up to 54.72%. The results of polarized microscopy showed that with the introduction of IL in the crude oil, the formation of the wax crystals can be greatly reduced. Ionic liquids are emerging as more sustainable and environmentally benign chemical additives for remediation of paraffin deposition which can be implemented successfully in the field for transportation of crude oil and provides direction for building the next generation of Chemical additives for flow assurance of waxy crude oil.
Iron Magnesium Coating Chicken Bones for Removal of Copper from Water
Authors: Abdalla Mayar Tarek 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Because heavy metals have detrimental effects on aquatic life and public health, their presence in freshwater sources is extremely concerning. Even in low quantities, copper (Cu), one of the most hazardous heavy metals, can result in major health problems. The current study seeks to create a novel adsorption medium using iron (Fe)-coated chicken bones Using magnesium hydroxides, copper can be eliminated from water. In which the chicken bones were treated with stacked double hydroxides (LDH) Physical adsorption is the process by which heavy metals from the waste liquid are adsorbed onto the chicken bone-based adsorbent. The cause of physical adsorption is an imbalance in the porous nature of the adsorbent surface, which draws the adsorbate (heavy metal) to the surface. The residue of inorganic materials left over after burning at temperatures higher than 575°C is known as ash. A substance is heated as part of the ash-making process, and the method involves drying, burning charcoal, and desolating volatile chemicals. Heat will be produced by burning the charcoal, volatile chemicals will evaporate, and moisture will be lost throughout the drying process. There will be an interaction between carbon and oxygen during the burning of charcoal to form co-gas, which then develops into CO2 gas so that in the end there will be only material known as ash. With a rough and porous surface shape, apatite carbonate compound minerals are a distinguishing feature of the adsorbent made from chicken bone ash. The adsorption performance can be improved by raising the ashing temperature, contact time, particle size, and weight of the adsorbent. The physical adsorption process is accelerated at near-neutral pH values. Adsorbents made of chicken bone ash can lower Cu metal levels while also improving waste quality.
In this paper, Carbon-based adsorption is described as a traditional treatment with a high unit cost, particularly in underdeveloped nations.
Analysis of Downhole Through-Tubing Cement Evaluation Techniques
Authors: Zeghlache Mohamed Larbi , Marroquín Iván , Wu Hao , Rourke Marvin , Yang Qinshan , Sookram Neil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the oil and gas industry, downhole well integrity risk management is an important aspect for safe operations, and for optimizing production and overall costs. Diagnosis and evaluation services used by operators for these well integrity management programs include leak detection, corrosion inspection and cement evaluation. However, effective measurements for this critical task are more challenging when there is tubing or completion in the well, in front of casings that need to be evaluated. This paper presents the recent developments of through-tubing cement evaluation (TTCE) techniques with focus on applications, benefits, and limitations. Novel solutions to enhance data quality, while optimizing costs and improving safety, are also discussed.
There are several techniques currently used to evaluate cement quality behind casing with pressure testing being the most common hydraulic method to confirm a seal. In terms of logging techniques to determine the cement bond across the interval of interest, temperature logs were very common in the past but have since made way for sonic logs, ultrasonic logs, intelligent completion systems and others. Generally, these logging techniques require direct access to the casing or liner being evaluated and do not provide reliable answers when a tubing is in front of it. More recently however, sensing technologies, data processing and interpretation from these techniques has evolved thereby helping to overcome the signal attenuation and noise from the interface between the sensor and the actual cement sheath. This paper summarizes key findings and insights which form part of ongoing research and provides an overview of the methods and procedures involved in each technique. The elaborated processes in conducting TTCE and the challenges and limitations associated with each technique are also discussed. Results from this study show the importance of TTCE for evaluating the quality and integrity of cementing operations in oil and gas wells. Advances in downhole sensor design and signal processing is complemented by the fourth industrial revolution allowing use of machine learning algorithms for big data analysis and interpretation, which assists in improving the TTCE reliability considering certain constraints. However, each TTCE technique has unique benefits and limitations which allows it to be applied to specific well scenarios, and these are explored further here. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of TTCE techniques and their applications for improving well integrity management. Key areas where TTCE can provide significant benefits are identified, such as in wells with complex geometries or with limited access for conventional cement evaluation methods. The paper also highlights the limitations and challenges associated with each technique and identifies opportunities for future research and development.
Real Time Seismic Reimaging during Drilling for Risk Mitigation
Authors: Williams G. , Zaky A. , Yang S. , Glushchenko A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An accurate 3D Earth model showing spatial position of geological structure, faults, and reservoir rock properties is the key for success in petroleum exploration drilling. While Logging While Drilling/Seismic While Drilling (LWD/SWD) and WireLine Logging (WL) provide useful information along the borehole, they offer little understanding about the rock property ahead of bit. Seismic guided drilling, an update technique applied while drilling, is a workflow using and integrating available seismic and borehole information to calibrate and constrain the Earth velocity model ahead and around the drill bit while-drilling to create a new updated image. It not only corrects the model error behind the bit but also improves predictions ahead of the bit with the improved image. The technique generates a 3D image ahead of the drill-bit using data from the well in progress, in near real-time, and honoring the surface seismic. This study successfully demonstrates that the while-drilling update technique added value to improved planning and drilling of target well.
Rejuvenation of N2 Layer Reservoir with Shift Paradigm from Gas Reservoir into Oil Reservoir: A Case Study from Benuang Structure, South Sumatera
Authors: Abdillah R. , Ardianto R. N. , Dwiokta R. A. , Barus I. , Suryadi H. , Wicaksono R. , Cahyarini N. V. , Lalusu N. H. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on developing a substantial oil reservoir in South Sumatra, Indonesia, characterized by a large gas cap and a bottom water aquifer. The reservoir comprises thick, clean sandstone from the Miocene Talang Akar Formation, deposited in a transitional estuarine complex with good porosity and lateral continuity due to an accreted channel complex. Initial production was gas-dominated, leading to its classification as a non-potential reservoir with a recovery factor (RF) of up to 79%.
The recent success in infill drilling has resulted in nearly 4000 BOPD from the N2 layer, revealing the ongoing potential for oil reserves. The shift from gas to oil production in the reservoir is an intriguing phenomenon. To understand this shift, static and dynamic data from the latest infill drilling, along with current saturation logs from existing wells, are evaluated. This comprehensive analysis forms the basis for constructing a reservoir model. The model is expected to describe the reservoir's conditions from its initial state to the current condition and assess the potential for incremental production.
The comprehensive reservoir model estimates gas in place at 41 BSCF with an RF of 79%, based on cumulative production of 33 BSCF. The estimated oil in place is 11 MMSTB with the current RF at only 10%, from 1.1 MMSTB. The results of the recent study present opportunities for further development in the N2 layer using clustering infill drilling, workovers, and pressure maintenance to optimize oil production. This is estimated to have a potential additional oil production of 3.9 MMSTB, representing a ‘New Life’ for the N2 layer by shifting the paradigm from developing the gas reservoir to developing the oil reservoir.
The evaluation of the N2 layer can change the paradigm for gas reservoirs with oil rims. While the common rule in the oil and gas industry is to produce oil first to optimize oil recovery, the case of the N2 layer challenges this norm. Despite the reservoir producing a large volume of gas, the oil potential remains high and can be developed by considering various reservoir parameters, as explained in this paper.
Strategic Deployment of CCUS in China: Aiming for Carbon Neutrality in Key Industries
Authors: Cheng Kai , Peng Bo , Arif Muhammad , Zhang Yupeng , Shang Leiwang , Zhang Zhenghao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study assesses China's CCUS deployment, pivotal for the nation's carbon neutrality by 2060 and transition to sustainable energy. It explores the social, economic, and industrial impacts, including job creation, product exports, and global CCUS market influence. The paper outlines critical goals for successful CCUS implementation, impacting China's future industrial competitiveness. We employed machine learning to analyze CO2 emissions data from China's power, iron and steel, cement, and oil and gas industries, supplemented by expert consultations. Our findings reveal significant emission characteristics: thermal power dominates the power industry's emissions, contributing over 50% to China's industrial total. The iron and steel sector accounts for over 60% of global emissions in its field, comprising 15-18% of China's emissions. Cement production, with a CO2 emission factor of 0.86, results in approximately 620 kg of CO2 per ton. The oil and gas sector, particularly petrochemicals, represents 9% of national emissions. These insights shape our analysis of the CCUS development pathway in these key sectors. Our analysis of carbon emissions and CCUS development in key Chinese industries, informed by expert consultation, leads to these conclusions: China's CCUS evolution follows three stages. The research, development, and demonstration phase (2020-2025) anticipates CCUS projects scaling to 15 Mt CO2/year. The industrial rollout phase (2025-2035) projects expansion to 50 Mt CO2/year. Full deployment (2035-2050) will see project sizes reaching 1500 Mt CO2/year, with significant milestones of 500 Mt in 2040 and 1500 Mt by 2050. Under an aggressive model, CCUS plays a crucial role in direct emission reductions, targeting 2.5 billion tonnes CO2 by 2050. Regional CCUS strategies align with each province's carbon peak goals, sequestration resources, and industrial structures. Aligned with China's 14th Five-Year Plan, our study underscores the strategic importance of CCUS technology, analyzing its potential and affordability in major sectors like electricity, iron and steel, cement, and oil and gas. We propose a CCUS deployment roadmap for China, detailing strategies for large-scale emission source retrofitting and industry-level source-sink matching. This forms the foundation for the Ministry of Science and Technology's planning of regional CCUS clusters.
RANSAC-MP: A Robust Plane Fitting Algorithm for Noisy Microseismic Data During Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Lin Enter: Ziyu , Liu Yuetian , Pei Xuehao , Xue Liang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hydraulic fracture morphology is an important parameter for fracturing effect evaluation, reservoir simulation and production prediction. It mainly relies on microseismic interpretation to obtain hydraulic fracture morphology, but the presence of ambient noise and irrelevant rupture events can cause the microseismic monitoring data to be affected by multiple noises, and the accuracy of existing fracture plane fitting algorithms is difficult to be guaranteed under complex noise environments. In order to solve the problem of fracture plane fitting under complex noise, this paper proposes a robust hydraulic fracture plane fitting algorithm - Random Sampling Consensus-Maximum Projection (RANSAC-MP) algorithm, which weakens the outlier noise caused by irrelevant rupture events through the random sampling method and embeds the projection transformation to reduce the environmental noise. The results show that the RANSAC-MP algorithm has stronger robustness and higher accuracy in complex noise environments, and the fitting accuracy is improved by 14% compared with the RANSAC algorithm, 38% compared with the PCA algorithm, and 56% compared with the LS algorithm. The fracture plane fitting is carried out with actual straight well microseismic data as an example, and the results show that the RANSAC-MP algorithm shows stronger robustness and higher computational accuracy under the influence of multiple noises, and the algorithm can directly process the raw data when only a single fracture is formed by fracturing.
Acoustic Resonance Applications in Carbon Capture: Maximizing DAC Performance
Authors: Oprisescu-Dulgheru A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a pioneering methodology aimed at significantly enhancing the efficiency of CO2 capture within Direct Air Capture (DAC) stations, leveraging insights derived from extensive research conducted by the esteemed Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. At its core, this study revolves around the strategic deployment of sophisticated sound transducers in close proximity to DAC facilities, with the objective of emitting precisely calibrated ultrasound waves falling within the discerning frequency spectrum of 30 kHz to 60 kHz. This frequency range meticulously corresponds to the resonant frequency of CO2 molecules, thereby engendering a remarkable phenomenon wherein CO2 molecules evince heightened directional responsiveness, gravitating with discernible intent towards the focal point of the capture station. Consequently, this orchestrated migration fosters the emergence of localized CO2-enriched zones, engendering a palpable surge in capture efficiency of profound significance.
The experimental inquiries embarked upon within this study have been meticulously crafted, drawing upon a rich tapestry of established methodologies culled from the annals of specialized literature. These inquiries meticulously scrutinize an array of gas mixtures, deliberately engineered to encapsulate the diverse compositional permutations emblematic of authentic operational conditions encountered within DAC frameworks. The resultant findings yield a resounding testament to the efficacy of the proposed methodology, with observed enhancements in the separation ratio eclipsing baseline measurements by a formidable order of magnitude in discernible instances. Particularly noteworthy are the scenarios characterized by a compositional makeup of 90% N2 and 10% CO2, wherein the separation ratio ascends to staggering heights surpassing the vaunted threshold of 1000, thus unequivocally affirming the monumental strides achieved in advancing the capture process to unprecedented echelons of proficiency.
Moreover, this comprehensive study serves as a veritable crucible for the elucidation of intricate phenomena, chief among them being the nuanced orchestration of collective motion discernible amongst CO2 molecules under the sway of high-frequency sound waves. These revelations serve to underscore the vast expanse of potential ramifications extending across a diverse spectrum of interdisciplinary domains, encompassing but not confined to the realms of geophysics and the avant-garde milieu of environmental technologies. Through the judicious harnessing of the propitious attributes intrinsic to high-frequency sound waves, this pioneering framework beckons forth the promise of catalyzing a seismic paradigm shift within the realm of atmospheric carbon capture, thereby heralding a transformative epoch in the ceaseless global crusade against the specter of climate change and the insidious scourge of atmospheric contamination.