bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical nitric oxide release in Chlamydia trachomatis and high‐risk human papillomavirus infection
Authors: RAHKOLA PÄIVI , VÄISÄNEN‐TOMMISKA MERVI , HILTUNEN‐BACK EIJA , AUVINEN EEVA , YLIKORKALA OLAVI , MIKKOLA TOMI S. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective. To compare cervical fluid nitric oxide release in women with and without Chlamydia trachomatis and high‐risk human papillomavirus infection (hrHPV). Design. An open clinical study. Setting. University Hospital of Helsinki. Population. Thirty‐nine women with (n=21) and without C. trachomatis (n=18). Methods. Chlamydia trachomatis and/or hrHPV were studied by using specific RNA‐ and DNA‐based tests. Levels of cervical fluid nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) were assessed by the Griess reaction. Main Outcome Measures. The difference in cervical fluid NOx between women with and without C. trachomatis and hrHPV. Results. Fourteen (67%) C. trachomatis‐infected women and three (17%) noninfected women had concomitant hrHPV. The level of cervical fluid NOx in women with C. trachomatis (median 37.5μmol/l, 95% confidence interval 26.1–50.9) was higher (p=0.02) than that in C. trachomatis‐noninfected women (median 19.7μmol/L, 95% confidence interval 5.6–30.0). The presence of hrHPV did not associate with any difference in NOx levels between C. trachomatis‐infected or ‐noninfected women. Conclusions. Chlamydia trachomatis was associated with increased release of nitric oxide metabolites in the uterine cervix. This stimulus was stronger than that of hrHPV, because no additional rise in NOx was seen in women with concomitant C. trachomatis and hrHPV infection.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors at the feto‐maternal interface in unruptured ectopic tubal pregnancy
Authors: QIU XIAOYAN , XIE YI , CHEN LINGLING , GEMZELL‐DANIELSSON KRISTINA 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective. To investigate expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) at the feto‐maternal interface and non‐implantation sites in unruptured tubal pregnancies. Design. Prospective study. Setting. University teaching hospital. Population. Eighteen patients with unruptured tubal pregnancy undergoing salpingectomy. Methods. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MMP‐2, ‐9 and ‐14, and TIMP‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 at the feto‐maternal interface and non‐implantation regions of the Fallopian tube. Serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) were determined, and trophoblastic invasion was histologiclly classified as stage I when limited to the tubal mucosa and stage II when extending to the muscular layer. Main Outcome Measures. The relation between serum β‐hCG concentration with the depth of trophoblastic invasion into the tubal wall and differential expression of MMPs and TIMPs. Results. A significant difference in the β‐hCG concentrations was seen between stage I and II invasion. Immunoreactivity for MMP‐2, ‐9 and ‐14, and TIMP‐1, ‐2 and ‐3 was primarily localized to cytotrophoblasts. At the implantation sites, the intensity of MMPs increased along the invasive pathway towards the maternal interstitium. The expression of MMP‐2, MMP‐14 and TIMP‐3 was localized to the epithelium and smooth muscle cells of the Fallopian tube, while expression of MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 was weak or absent. Conclusions. Human chorionic gonadotropin correlated positively with invasion stage of trophoblasts. At ectopic implantation sites, the expression of MMPs gradually increased with increasing invasion depth of trophoblasts. TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2 were only weakly expressed. The imbalance between expression of MMPs and TIMPs at the ectopic implantation sites may lead to the extensive destructive degradation of the extracellular matrix.
Pregnancy following robot‐assisted laparoscopic myomectomy in women with deep intramural myomas
Authors: LÖNNERFORS CELINE , PERSSON JAN 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjective. To describe fecundity after robot‐assisted laparoscopic myomectomy for deep intramural myomas. Design. Prospective observational study. Setting. University hospital. Population. Women undergoing robot‐assisted laparoscopic myomectomy. Methods. Expanding on a previous prospective feasibility study, 31 consecutive women in whom a robot‐assisted laparoscopic myomectomy was performed between April 2006 and July 2010 were included. The women, of whom 14 had known infertility, were selected for having symptomatic, deep intramural myomas with a possible impact on fertility. Using a prospective protocol, relevant peri‐operative and follow‐up data were retrieved. Main Outcome Measures. Fertility and pregnancy outcome. Results. The 31 women included had a median age of 35years (range 28–42years) and median body mass index of 22.0kg/m2 (range 20.1–24.7kg/m2). Fifteen (68%) of the 22 women with an active wish of conceiving had become pregnant at a median time of 10months after surgery. A total of 18 pregnancies occurred, resulting in three miscarriages, two terminated pregnancies, 10 successful term deliveries and three ongoing pregnancies. The subgroup of 14 women with a known but otherwise unexplained infertility had a similar pregnancy rate (69%) and of those, 55% conceived naturally. The women who conceived naturally were on average eight years younger than the women becoming pregnant after in vitro fertilization, and all miscarriages occurred in an in vitro fertilization pregnancy. Conclusions. In women with symptomatic, deep intramural myomas and either otherwise unexplained infertility or myomas with a possible effect on conception, the pregnancy rate following robot‐assisted laparoscopic myomectomy was 68%.
Determinants of irritability in Huntington's disease
Authors: Nimmagadda Seshagiri Rao , Agrawal Niruj , Worrall-Davies Anne , Markova Ivana , Rickards Hugh 
Published: June 2011

Nimmagadda SR, Agrawal N, Worrall-Davies A, Markova I, Rickards H. Determinants of irritability in Huntington's disease.Objectives: Irritability is a common and disabling problem associated with Huntington's disease (HD). However, the underlying causes of such irritability remain unclear. This study investigates the association of irritability in HD with possible aetiological factors including dysexecutive syndrome, depression, anxiety (state and trait) and movement disorder.Methods: Thirty patients with genetically confirmed HD and their carers were recruited from a regional HD neuropsychiatry service. Patients completed two self-reported questionnaires (Irritability, Anxiety and Depression Scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory). Their carers filled in the Burns Irritability Scale. Patients were also administered the Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Motor component of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS).Results: Both self-rated and carer-rated irritability scales showed significant positive correlation with trait anxiety. The self-rated irritability scales also showed significant positive correlation with state anxiety and depression. No association was observed between irritability and dysexecutive syndrome or motor impairment.Conclusions: Trait anxiety might serve as a predictor for irritability in HD. Irritability is unrelated to motor or cognitive features of HD indicating that it is an independent neuropsychiatric manifestation of HD.
Warming preterm infants in the delivery room: polyethylene bags, exothermic mattresses or both?
Authors: McCarthy Lisa K , O’Donnell Colm PF 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAims:  To compare the admission temperature of infants treated with polyethylene bags alone to infants treated with exothermic mattresses in addition to bags in the delivery room.Methods:  We prospectively studied infants born at <31 weeks’ gestation who were placed in bags at birth. Some infants were also placed on mattresses. Admission axillary temperatures were measured in all infants on admission to the neonatal intensive care. We compared the temperatures of infants treated with bags alone to those treated with mattresses and bags.Results:  We studied 43 infants: 15 were treated with bags while 28 were treated with a bag and mattress. Mean admission temperature was similar between the groups. Hypothermia and hyperthermia occurred more frequently in infants treated with a bag and mattress, and more infants treated with a bag had admission temperatures 36.5–37.5°C.Conclusion:  The use of exothermic mattresses in addition to polyethylene bags, particularly in younger, smaller newborns, may result in more hypothermia and hyperthermia on admission. A randomised controlled trial is necessary to determine which strategy results in more infants having admission temperatures in the normal range.
Sense of coherence and health behaviour in adolescence
Authors: Mattila M‐L , Rautava P , Honkinen P‐L , Ojanlatva A , Jaakkola S , Aromaa M , Suominen S , Helenius H , Sillanpää M 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  To explore associations of Sense of coherence (SOC) with health behaviour and social competence among 15‐year‐old adolescents.Methods:  Study population is a prospective cohort of a randomized cluster sample of families and their first‐born children from south‐western Finland in 1986–1987. In this study, cross‐sectional data of the 15‐year‐olds were used. The present data were based on mailed, pretested questionnaires. The outcome variable, SOC, was based on the 13‐item scale of Antonovsky’s Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ). The principal explanatory variables were health behaviour, including experienced oral health, and social competence. The statistical analysis was performed using linear regression modelling.Results:  Strong SOC of adolescents associated significantly with lighter use of alcohol, being a non‐smoker, better care of oral health and better social competence compared with the others.Conclusion:  Sense of coherence is a useful tool for identifying adolescents in need of extra support and motivation for their health behaviour.
First two decades of paediatric heart transplantation in Sweden – outcome of listing and post‐transplant results
Authors: Gilljam Thomas , Higgins Thomas , Bennhagen Rolf , Wåhlander Håkan 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAims:  To evaluate outcome in the first generation of children with end‐stage heart disease to whom heart transplantation was available.Methods:  Retrospective review of all 135 Swedish children <18 years old listed for heart transplantation 1989–2009, followed to December 31, 2009, including 74 (55%) with cardiomyopathy and 61 (45%) with congenital heart disease; 34 (25%) were infants (<1 year). Cumulative risk of requiring heart transplantation was 1:17 300 (11 patients who improved were omitted from outcome analysis).Results:  Waiting‐list mortality was 31% (44% in infants). Median waiting time in 82 transplanted patients was 57 days (0–585 days). Post‐transplant follow‐up time was median 5.9 years (0.03–20.1 years), and actuarial survival was 92% at 1 year, 82% at 5 years, 76% at 10 years and 58% at 15 years. Survival after listing was 64% at 1 year, 58% at 5 years, 52% at 10 years and 40% at 15 years. Post‐transplant complications included rejections (34%), malignancies (12%), renal failure (8%), coronary artery vasculopathy (6%) and re‐transplantation (5%). Among 64 survivors, 84% were free of complications affecting prognosis.Conclusion:  High waiting‐list mortality and post‐transplant attrition precluded 60% of this pioneer population from reaching adulthood. Functional status in survivors is generally good.
Towards an optimal search strategy of optical and gravitational wave emissions from binary neutron star coalescence
Authors: Coward D. M. , Gendre B. , Sutton P. J. , Howell E. J. , Regimbau T. , Laas-Bourez M. , Klotz A. , Boër M. , Branchesi M. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Observations of an optical source coincident with gravitational wave emission detected from a binary neutron star coalescence will improve the confidence of detection, provide host galaxy localization and test models for the progenitors of short gamma-ray bursts. We employ optical observations of three short gamma-ray bursts, 050724, 050709 and 051221, to estimate the detection rate of a coordinated optical and gravitational wave search of neutron star mergers. Model R-band optical afterglow light curves of these bursts that include a jet-break are extrapolated for these sources at the sensitivity horizon of an Advanced LIGO/Virgo network. Using optical sensitivity limits of three telescopes, namely TAROT (m = 18), Zadko (m = 21) and an 8–10 m class telescope (m = 26), we approximate detection rates and cadence times for imaging. We find a median coincident detection rate of 4 yr-1 for the three bursts. GRB 050724 like bursts, with wide opening jet angles, offer the most optimistic rate of 13 coincident detections per year, and would be detectable by Zadko up to 5 d after the trigger. Late-time imaging to m = 26 could detect off-axis afterglows for GRB 051221 like bursts several months after the trigger. For a broad distribution of beaming angles, the optimal strategy for identifying the optical emissions triggered by gravitational wave detectors is rapid response searches with robotic telescopes followed by deeper imaging at later times if an afterglow is not detected within several days of the trigger.
Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive Milky Way subhaloes
Authors: Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Bullock James S. , Kaplinghat Manoj 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
We show that dissipationless Λ cold dark matter simulations predict that the majority of the most massive subhaloes of the Milky Way are too dense to host any of its bright satellites (LV &gt; 105 L⊙). These dark subhaloes have peak circular velocities at infall of Vinfall= 30–70 km s-1 and infall masses of (0.2–4) × 1010 M⊙. Unless the Milky Way is a statistical anomaly, this implies that galaxy formation becomes effectively stochastic at these masses. This is in marked contrast to the well-established monotonic relation between galaxy luminosity and halo circular velocity (or halo mass) for more massive haloes. We show that at least two (and typically four) of these massive dark subhaloes are expected to produce a larger dark matter annihilation flux than Draco. It may be possible to circumvent these conclusions if baryonic feedback in dwarf satellites or different dark matter physics can reduce the central densities of massive subhaloes by order unity on a scale of 0.3–1 kpc.
The optimal weighting function for cosmic magnification measurements through the foreground galaxy—background galaxy (quasar) cross-correlation
Authors: Yang Xiaofeng , Zhang Pengjie 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Cosmic magnification has been detected through the cross-correlation between foreground and background populations (galaxies or quasars). It has been shown that weighting each background object by its α− 1 can significantly improve the cosmic magnification measurement. Here α is the logarithmic slope of the luminosity function of background populations. However, we find that this weighting function is optimal only for sparse background populations in which intrinsic clustering is negligible with respect to shot noise. We derive the optimal weighting function for a general case, including scale-independent and scale-dependent weights. The optimal weighting function improves the signal-to-noise ratio by ∼20 per cent for a BigBOSS-like survey and the improvement can reach a factor of ∼2 for surveys with much denser background populations.
Why Do We Need Networking for European Rural Development Policies?  The implementation of LEADER and the National Network for Rural Development in Romania Pourquoi avons‐nous besoin de réseaux pour les politiques de développement rural ?  La mise en œuvre de LEADER et le réseau national pour le développement rural en Roumanie Warum ist Vernetzung wichtig für die europäischen Politikmaßnahmen zur Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums? Die Umsetzung von LEADER und des Nationalen Netzwerks für den ländlichen Raum in Rumänien
Authors: Marquardt Doris , Möllers Judith , Buchenrieder Gertrud 
Published: June 2011

summaryWhy Do We Need Networking for European Rural Development Policies? The implementation of LEADER and the National Network for Rural Development in RomaniaNetworking is a political instrument intrinsically tied to social capital. Although the effects are difficult to measure, it is financially supported under the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) in the current programming period 2007–13. This article presents the most recent, partly unpublished, data on the EAFRD budget foreseen for networking. EAFRD networking measures include the establishment of the European and National Networks for Rural Development and networking activities within the well‐known LEADER programme. Potential effects of networking activities are presented on the basis of findings of surveys conducted among agencies in Romania and (potential) LEADER beneficiaries in Romania, Hungary and Germany in 2008. We also discuss the importance of European‐wide networking and draw conclusions on whether networking should be funded or not. Based on our findings, we conclude that: 1) cost‐efficient informal networking can have a considerable impact on the implementation of policy measures for rural development; 2) financial support is important if networks need to be stimulated and channelled, and to guarantee continuity; and 3) networking is particularly important for the new member states of the European Union, where, moreover, additional attention should be paid to administrative networking.
Mechanism of PrP‐Amyloid Formation in Mice Without Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy
Authors: Jeffrey Martin , McGovern Gillian , Chambers Emily V. , King Declan , González Lorenzo , Manson Jean C. , Ghetti Bernardino , Piccardo Pedro , Barron Rona M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractGerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker (GSS) P102L disease is a familial form of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) that can present with or without vacuolation of neuropil. Inefficient disease transmission into 101LL transgenic mice was previously observed from GSS P102L without vacuolation. However, several aged, healthy mice had large plaques composed of abnormal prion protein (PrPd). Here we perform the ultrastructural characterization of such plaques and compare them with PrPd aggregates found in TSE caused by an infectious mechanism. PrPd plaques in 101LL mice varied in maturity, with some being composed of deposits without visible amyloid fibrils. PrPd was present on cell membranes in the vicinity of all types of plaques. In contrast to the unicentric plaques seen in infectious murine scrapie, the plaques seen in the current model were multicentric and were initiated by protofibrillar forms of PrPd situated on oligodendroglia, astrocytes and neuritic cell membranes. We speculate that the initial conversion process leading to plaque formation begins with membrane‐bound PrPC but that subsequent fibrillization does not require membrane attachment. We also observed that the membrane alterations consistently seen in murine scrapie and other infectious TSEs were not present in 101LL mice with plaques, suggesting differences in the pathogenesis of these conditions.
Determination of Reference Values for NIST SRM 610–617 Glasses Following ISO Guidelines
Authors: Jochum Klaus Peter , Weis Ulrike , Stoll Brigitte , Kuzmin Dmitry , Yang Qichao , Raczek Ingrid , Jacob Dorrit E. , Stracke Andreas , Birbaum Karin , Frick Daniel A. , Günther Detlef , Enzweiler Jacinta 
Published: June 2011

We present new reference values for the NIST SRM 610–617 glasses following ISO guidelines and the International Association of Geoanalysts’ protocol. Uncertainties at the 95% confidence level (CL) have been determined for bulk‐ and micro‐analytical purposes. In contrast to former compilation procedures, this approach delivers data that consider present‐day requirements of data quality. New analytical data and the nearly complete data set of the GeoReM database were used for this study. Data quality was checked by the application of the Horwitz function and by a careful investigation of analytical procedures. We have determined quantitatively possible element inhomogeneities using different test portion masses of 1, 0.1 and 0.02 μg. Although avoiding the rim region of the glass wafers, we found moderate inhomogeneities of several chalcophile/siderophile elements and gross inhomogeneities of Ni, Se, Pd and Pt at small test portion masses. The extent of inhomogeneity was included in the determination of uncertainties. While the new reference values agree with the NIST certified values with the one exception of Mn in SRM 610, they typically differ by as much as 10% from the Pearce et al. (1997) values in current use. In a few cases (P, S, Cl, Ta, Re) the discrepancies are even higher.
Evaluation of hyaluronan gel (Gengigel®) as a topical applicant in the treatment of gingivitis
Authors: Sapna Nadiger , Vandana Kharidi Laxman 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAim:  To clinically and histopathologically evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effect of 0.2% hyaluronan gel alone and with mechanical therapy on gingivitis. The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region staining technique was attempted to routinely determine its diagnostic and prognostic dependability for periodontal lesions.Methods:  In each of the 28 gingivitis patients, the four quadrants were subjected to different treatments: scaling, scaling + topical hyaluronan gel, only topical hyaluronan gel, and topical + intrasulcular hyaluronan gel. Clinical parameters were recorded at baseline, and on days 7, 14, and 21. Biopsies were taken from each quadrant, inflammatory infiltrates were graded, and the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count was measured before and after treatment.Results:  A significant reduction was seen in clinical parameters, inflammatory infiltrates, and the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count within the groups. The effect of topical + intrasulcular gel was equivalent to scaling (P > 0.05). Topical + intrasulcular hyaluronan gel application demonstrated a better reduction than topical hyaluronan gel alone.Conclusions:  Hyaluronan gel is an effective topical agent for treating gingivitis, along with scaling and intrasulcular application. The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count can be used as a histopathological indicator in cases of non‐responsive gingivitis to assess the severity of gingival inflammation.
Congenital double upper lip: review of literature and report of a case
Authors: Ariyawardana Anura 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCongenital maxillary double lip is a rare anomaly in which a fold of redundant labial tissue becomes apparent at rest or while smiling. This might pose cosmetic or functional problems, as well as serious impact on psychological well‐being, especially when it affects young children or adolescents. The treatment of choice is surgical excision. This paper presents a successfully managed case of maxillary double lip using elliptical incision under local anesthesia in a 15‐year‐old female patient.