bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universality of phloem transport in seed plants
Authors: JENSEN KÅRE HARTVIG , LIESCHE JOHANNES , BOHR TOMAS , SCHULZ ALEXANDER 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTSince Münch in the 1920s proposed that sugar transport in the phloem vascular system is driven by osmotic pressure gradients, his hypothesis has been strongly supported by evidence from herbaceous angiosperms. Experimental constraints made it difficult to test this proposal in large trees, where the distance between source and sink might prove incompatible with the hypothesis. Recently, the theoretical optimization of the Münch mechanism was shown to lead to surprisingly simple predictions for the dimensions of the phloem sieve elements in relation to that of fast growing angiosperms. These results can be obtained in a very transparent way using a simple coupled resistor model. To test the universality of the Münch mechanism, we compiled anatomical data for 32 angiosperm and 38 gymnosperm trees with heights spanning 0.1–50 m. The species studied showed a remarkable correlation with the scaling predictions. The compiled data allowed calculating stem sieve element conductivity and predicting phloem sap flow velocity. The central finding of this work is that all vascular plants seem to have evolved efficient osmotic pumping units, despite their huge disparity in size and morphology. This contribution extends the physical understanding of phloem transport, and will facilitate detailed comparison between theory and field experiments.
Earthquake sequences of the last millennium in L’Aquila and surrounding regions (central Italy)
Authors: Amato Alessandro , Ciaccio Maria Grazia 
Published: December 2011

Terra Nova, 24, 52–61, 2012AbstractWe have analysed the history of seismic activity in the region of L'Aquila to compare the 2009 sequence with previous ones. Historical catalogues are exhaustive for large shocks, but not for small earthquakes and swarms. Our original compilation highlights repeated seismic sequences from 1315 adto present. In the 20th century, at least 23 sequences affected the Abruzzi region, 8 of which were very close to L'Aquila. In previous centuries, we found evidence of at least 13 sequences around L'Aquila, with maximum magnitude ∼4 to ∼5. Only three sequences were followed by stronger shocks (1461, 1703 and 2009). However, many strong events of the region (1349, 1762, 1915, 1950) were not preceded by foreshocks. We describe here the last of these sequences (1985) showing its strong similarity with the 2009 one, except its final evolution (no large event in 1985). Our analysis suggests that seismic sequences alone cannot be considered straight forerunners of incoming strong events.
Permian granites in the Pyrenees: the Aya pluton (Basque Country)
Authors: Denèle Yoann , Paquette Jean‐Louis , Olivier Philippe , Barbey Pierre 
Published: December 2011

Terra Nova, 24, 105–113, 2012AbstractWe show that the Permian volcanism in the Pyrenees was accompanied with emplacement of granite plutons with transitional chemistry. Reassessment of age, structure and petrological characteristics of the Aya pluton, intrusive in the Cinco Villas massif (Basque Country), indicates that it was emplaced at 267.1 ± 1.1 Ma in a dextral transtensive context and that it marks a transition between the high‐K calcalkaline and the alkaline emissions of the first and second Permian volcanic cycles, respectively. This age is close to that of c. 267 Ma reported for lamprophyres dykes of the Pyrenean Axial Zone. These data characterize a period of transition between the Variscan orogeny and the subsequent Alpine cycle in the Pyrenees, with an earlier extensive regime that became widespread in the Pyrenees during the Mesozoic times.
Incidence of second malignancies after external beam radiotherapy for clinical stage I testicular seminoma
Authors: Lewinshtein Dan , Gulati Roman , Nelson Peter S. , Porter Christopher R. 
Published: December 2011

Study Type – Harm (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?We know that radiation therapy is associated with an increased risk of second malignancies in patients with testicular cancer. However, we know that radiation is being used very commonly in patients with clinical stage I seminoma, despite evidence that it is not required. Moreover, we have now identified which specific second malignancies occur in these patients after radiotherapy.OBJECTIVES
To determine the use of adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for patients with clinical stage I testicular seminoma in the USA.
To quantify the risk of specific second primary malignancies (SPMs) associated with radiation exposure in these patients.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database to identify patients diagnosed with clinical stage I testicular seminoma between 1973 and 2000.
We evaluated the use of EBRT in these patients.
We calculated standardized incidence ratios of specific SPMs in these patients.
We stratified the incidence of SPMs based on age at seminoma diagnosis and time to SPM from initial seminoma diagnosis.
RESULTS
Adjuvant EBRT use declined from the first decade of the study period to the last decade of the study period (80.6% vs 70.2%).
Overall, there was a 19% increase in SPMs in patients exposed to EBRT (observed/expected, O/E, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.08–1.31) compared to the general population.
Specifically, significantly increased risks were observed for thyroid cancer (O/E, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.16–4.16), pancreatic cancer (O/E, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.43–3.72), non‐bladder urothelial malignancies (O/E, 4.27; 95% CI, 1.57–9.29), bladder cancer (O/E, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.01–2.28), all haematological malignancies (O/E, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.08–1.89) and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (O/E, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22–2.48).
Patients had a persistently elevated risk of SPMs 15 years from the time of initial clinical stage I testicular seminoma diagnosis (O/E, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.10–1.49).
CONCLUSIONS
We confirmed the increased risk of SPMs after EBRT for seminoma, and we identified the specific types of SPMs that develop.
The risk of EBRT‐associated SPM persists for years after the initial seminoma diagnosis, and patients should be informed about these long‐term risks.
Sport in Modern European History: Trajectories, Constellations, Conjunctures1
Authors: TOMLINSON ALAN , YOUNG CHRISTOPHER 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis essay reviews sport‐related articles that have previously appeared in the JHS, alongside a range of other historical works, and in so doing recognizes the importance of persisting themes in the socio‐cultural, historical analysis of sport. Such themes have appeared in wide‐ranging socio‐historical and figurational work, and also underpin the contributions to this special issue: they include the dynamics of cultural importation, diffusion and appropriation; and the cultural significance of sport in wider status and power relations. Emphasizing the compatibility of the historical and the sociological imaginations, and confirming recent positions on the integration of the cultural and the social in historical work, the article goes on to contextualize the place of sport in Europe in the period from the later decades of the nineteenth century into the fourth decade of the twentieth century. Referencing classic debates on historical method and periodization – particularly Braudel's discussions of event, conjuncture, and longue durée– the article identifies core conjunctural features of European sport in the period: internationalism/early globalization; increasing forms of mediatization; emergent individualism; and commercialized consumption and celebrity.
“A Straight Left against a Slogging Ruffian”: National Boxing Styles in the Years Preceding the First World War
Authors: BODDY KASIA 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe complicated shifts in power and status that took place between Britain, France and the United States in the years immediately preceding the First World War resulted in anxious self‐examination and a series of identity crises whose social, cultural and political ramifications would be felt for decades to come. This was also a boom time for boxing, and one that was distinguished by a lively debate about the pros and cons of the “English” and “American” styles. This paper argues that these detailed deliberations about sporting technique often exposed a more general disquiet about national strengths and vulnerabilities and about the pre‐war balance of power. A consideration of straight lefts and slogging ruffians tells us something about the issues at stake.
The Culture of Sports
Authors: PATTERSON ORLANDO , TOMLINSON ALAN , YOUNG CHRISTOPHER 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn conversation with Orlando Patterson, the editors of this special issue reflected and speculated on the nature of the historical sociologist's task and challenge. We agreed that any historical sociology concentrated upon particular events or single sports, but overlooking comparative cultural and social contexts, was narrow and over‐focused. Recalling early contributions, Patterson notes how in cricket in the Caribbean there could be found an “intense distillation of every kind of problem and emotional baggage” carried by a society at a particular socio‐historical moment. Patterson advocates the dual focus upon time/place and socio‐cultural historical influence that is at the heart of the historical sociologist's enterprise; and that shows how cricket, for instance, is both constituted by the legacies of a specific historical past, and constituting of a potentially different future.
OPTIMAL EDUCATION POLICIES AND COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
Authors: BOUGHEAS SPIROS , KNELLER RICHARD , RIEZMAN RAYMOND 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe consider the optimal education policies of a small economy whose government has a limited budget. Initially, the economy is closed and the government chooses its education policy to maximize welfare under autarky. When the economy trades with the rest of the world the government chooses a new education policy that maximizes welfare under trade. Is it ever optimal for the government to choose its new policy so that it reverses the economy's comparative advantage? We find that if the budget stays fixed when it is optimal to ‘move up the skills chain’ it is not feasible. In such a case, a foreign loan is welfare improving. A move in the opposite direction can be optimal, and when it is optimal it is also feasible.
CROSS‐BORDER M&A INFLOWS AND QUALITY OF COUNTRY GOVERNANCE: DEVELOPING VERSUS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors: HUR JUNG , PARINDURI RASYAD A. , RIYANTO YOHANES E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis paper provides an empirical explanation to the observed disparity in cross‐border merger and acquisition inflows to developing and developed countries over the past two decades. We show two main results. First, the disparity can be attributed to the difference in the quality of institutions between the two groups of countries. Second, the gain from reforming institutions in developing countries is smaller than that in developed countries. These findings suggest that, with the current speed of institutional reforms in some developing countries, the disparity in cross‐border merger and acquisition inflows is likely to persist.
Deep Ecology's contributions to social work: A ten‐year retrospective
Authors: Besthorn Fred H. 
Published: December 2011

Besthorn FH. Deep Ecology's contributions to social work: A ten‐year retrospectiveIn the last decade, a new generation of social workers have made great strides incorporating environmental awareness into their theoretical formulations and practice modalities. This is a welcome development for a profession often conspicuously absent in the emerging international consensus that Earth's capacity to support life is in deep trouble. Beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, a few intrepid North American social workers began to raise the alarm concerning the scope and extent of environmental decline. Several social work scholars implored the profession to play a more active role in raising ecological awareness and take a seat at policy and practice forums debating environmental issues. Deep Ecology, founded by the late Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess, offers a comprehensive philosophical framework upon which social work might draw in the development of its conceptual orientations. This article examines the current manifestations of Deep Ecology as a philosophy and socio‐political movement. It briefly assesses the evolution of social work's nascent interest in the natural environmental, examines historical precursors influencing Deep Ecology, reviews several key concepts of Deep Ecology, discusses ongoing applications of deep ecological ideas to several disciplines and suggests how deep ecological ideas might help inform social work's understanding of social justice.
Getting down to earth: Finding a place for nature in social work practice
Authors: Heinsch Milena 
Published: December 2011

Heinsch M. Getting down to earth: Finding a place for nature in social work practiceAccording to Wilson's biophilia hypothesis, people have an innate need to associate with the natural world, and this connection can enhance their physical and psychological well‐being. This hypothesis has sparked an interest in the health benefits of human connection with non‐human nature across a wide range of disciplines backed by evidence of the role of the natural environment in enhancing human well‐being. This article summarises the literature on the health benefits of nature, arguing for the application and positive impact of a nature‐based approach in social work. It challenges practitioners to recognise and articulate the role of the physical environment in their day‐to‐day practice. Implications for social work are identified in recommendations for enhancing opportunities to include non‐human nature in future social work practice.
A description of a mother's play guidance for her child with autism in the process of playing by the rules
Authors: Ökcün Meral Çilem , Akçin Nur 
Published: December 2011

The purpose of this study is to describe the strategies used by a mother with a child with autism during games activities with peers to provide the child with social skills.The research method of this study is ‘a qualitative single‐subject case study’. The participants in this research are a mother and her 9‐year‐old child with autism, one brother and three typically developing peers. The research data were collected through field notes, interviews, audio and videotape recordings during natural interactions between the mother and her child.The strategies the mother used were analysed using video records during games activities in a natural park. The interactions of the mother with her child were examined in the context of a hide‐and‐seek game. Micro‐ethnographic‐analysis techniques were used in the analysis of the video records. According to the research data, it was found that the mother with a child with autism made extensive use of 13 different verbal strategies and seven different non‐verbal strategies. It was observed that the mother guided her child and the group during the hide‐and‐seek game, arranged the environment of the games, carried out routine activities both at the beginning and at the end of the games and arranged the games in accordance with the abilities and preferences of the child. These applications bear a resemblance to the model of integrated game groups.As a result, the data from the present research reveal that a mother having a child with autism acts as a guide during the games and uses verbal and non‐verbal interaction strategies in this guidance process and by doing so contributes to the process of participation in the games by the child with autism and in the child's social interaction with his peers.
Protecting a single endangered species and meeting multiple conservation goals: an approach with Guaiacum sanctum in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Lopez‐Toledo Leonel , Ibarra‐Manríquez Guillermo , Burslem David F.R.P. , Martínez‐Salas Esteban , Pineda‐García Fernando , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim  New protected areas should consider safeguarding high conservation value sites based on multiple criteria and not just the presence of a single endangered or charismatic species. However, the extent to which complementary criteria coincide is usually unknown. We use the case of Guaiacum sanctum (Zygopyllaceae), an endangered timber tree species, to explore whether the protection of forests where this species is most abundant would meet other complementary conservation goals, such as capturing regional plant biodiversity, protecting other threatened/endemic species or safeguarding ecosystem services.Location  Yucatan Peninsula, southern Mexico.Methods  We conducted an analysis of the structure, composition and diversity of tree communities (including stems ≥5 cm dbh) at eight G. sanctum forest sites. We identified endemic and threatened tree species and quantified above‐ground tree biomass and carbon storage in these G. sanctum forests.Results  Guaiacum sanctum forests contain 35–59 tree species on plots as small as 1000 m2. The species composition of tree communities changed rapidly (high β‐diversity) across soil boundaries and rainfall regimes. Twenty‐one endemic and eight threatened tree species were recorded in our inventories. Individuals of G. sanctum represented up to 55% of the above‐ground carbon for trees ≥5 cm dbh. The high basal area of G. sanctum forests plus the high wood density, abundance, large size and longevity (more than 500 years) of G. sanctum and other tree species enhance the potential importance of these forests for carbon storage.Main conclusions  A conservation strategy focused on protecting important populations of G. sanctum in the Yucatan Peninsula would have significant co‐benefits for conservation of regional tree species biodiversity and provision of critical ecosystem services. Our study illustrates a multiple criteria approach useful for the selection of areas with high conservation value on the basis of endemic, threatened species, species richness and ecosystem services.
TNF‐α genetic polymorphism −308G/A and antituberculosis drug‐induced hepatitis
Authors: Kim Sang‐Heon , Kim Sang‐Hoon , Yoon Ho Joo , Shin Dong Ho , Park Sung Soo , Kim Youn‐Seup , Park Jae‐Seuk , Jee Young‐Koo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundWhile the mechanisms underlying the development of drug‐induced liver injury are not clear, there is evidence to suggest that tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) plays an important role in drug‐ or drug metabolite‐induced immune responses. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the TNF‐α gene are associated with anti‐tuberculosis drug (ATD)‐induced hepatitis.MethodsPatients who suffered from ATD‐induced hepatitis were enrolled in the study. ATD‐induced hepatitis was defined as an increase in liver transaminase levels that were more than three times the upper limit of normal. ATD‐tolerant patients were used as a control. Patients were treated with first line ATD therapies including isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. We compared the genotype frequencies of the TNF‐α polymorphism ‐308G/A in 77 patients with ATD‐induced hepatitis and 229 ATD‐tolerant patients.ResultsThe frequency of carrying the variant allele (AG or AA) was significantly higher in patients with ATD‐induced hepatitis compared with ATD‐tolerant patients [26.0% vs. 15.3%, P = 0.034, OR (95% CI) = 1.94 (1.043.64)] and the frequency of the A allele was significantly different between the two groups [0.143 vs. 0.079, P = 0.018, OR (95% CI) = 1.95 (1.113.44)].ConclusionThese results reveal that the TNF‐α genetic polymorphism ‐308G/A is significantly associated with ATD‐induced hepatitis. This genetic variant may be a risk factor for ATD‐induced hepatitis in individuals from Korea.
Impaired consciousness in epilepsy investigated by a prospective responsiveness in epilepsy scale (RES)
Authors: Yang Li , Shklyar Irina , Lee Hyang Woon , Ezeani Celestine C. , Anaya Joseph , Balakirsky Samantha , Han Xiao , Enamandram Sheila , Men Clara , Cheng Joyce Y. , Nunn Abigail , Mayer Tanya , Francois Czestochowa , Albrecht Molly , Hutchison Alan L. , Yap Ee‐Lynn , Ing Kevin , Didebulidze Gvantsa , Xiao Bo , Hamid Hamada , Farooque Pue , Detyniecki Kamil , Giacino Joseph T. , Blumenfeld Hal 
Published: December 2011

SummaryPurpose:  Impaired consciousness in epileptic seizures has a major negative impact on patient quality of life. Prior work on epileptic unconsciousness has mainly used retrospective and nonstandardized methods. Our goal was to validate and to obtain initial data using a standardized prospective testing battery.Methods:  The responsiveness in epilepsy scale (RES) was used on 52 patients during continuous video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. RES begins with higher‐level questions and commands, and switches adaptively to more basic sensorimotor responses depending on patient performance. RES continues after seizures and includes postictal memory testing. Scoring was conducted based on video review.Key Findings:  Testing on standardized seizure simulations yielded good intrarater and interrater reliability. We captured 59 seizures from 18 patients (35% of participants) during 1,420 h of RES monitoring. RES impairment was greatest during and after tonic–clonic seizures, less in partial seizures, and minimal in auras and subclinical seizures. In partial seizures, ictal RES impairment was significantly greater if EEG changes were present. Maximum RES impairment (lowest ictal score) was also significantly correlated with long postictal recovery time, and poor postictal memory.Significance:  We found that prospective testing of responsiveness during seizures is feasible and reliable. RES impairment was related to EEG changes during seizures, as well as to postictal memory deficits and recovery time. With a larger patient sample it is hoped that this approach can identify brain networks underlying specific components of impaired consciousness in seizures. This may allow the development of improved treatments targeted at preventing dysfunction in these networks.