bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding dairy farmers' trade‐offs between environmental, social and economic sustainability attributes in feeding systems: The role of farmers' identities
Authors: Oyinbo Oyakhilomen , Hansson Helena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is scope for improving the sustainability of intensive dairy farms through the uptake of sustainable production practices such as more grass‐based feeding systems. Such feeding systems can reduce feed‐food competition and the environmental impacts of feed production, among other farm‐level and societal benefits. However, empirical research on how farmers' feed choices mis(align) with sustainability transitions and the associated drivers is limited. This paper explores the trade‐offs that farmers make between the environmental, social and economic sustainability impacts of grass‐based feeding systems based on data from Swedish dairy farmers. Using an identity‐based utility framework and a hybrid latent class model, we find substantial heterogeneity in dairy farmers' trade‐offs between feed‐related sustainability attributes: greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity, animal welfare, feed self‐sufficiency, feed cost and milk yield. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that farmers who are strongly interested in the environmental and social sustainability impacts of their dairy feeding systems, beyond economic gains, are motivated mainly by their pro‐environmental and pro‐social identities. Overall, our findings imply that identity‐enhancing interventions are promising policy instruments for encouraging the uptake of more grass‐based feeding systems.
Repeated intentional foreign body ingestion, what can be done?
Authors: Hoey Paris , Ryan Kimberley , McDonald Clancy , Brown Nathan J , Boon Kym , Grimpen Florian , Appleyard Mark 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRepeated intentional foreign body ingestion (RIFBI) in patients with Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder (EUPD) is a common clinical presentation to the emergency department. The relationship between repeated foreign body ingestion and a co‐existent personality disorder diagnosis is complex, making it challenging to manage. Our institution implemented a novel interdisciplinary model of care for RIFBI as a way of improving health outcomes in this cohort of patients. Our observations following the model of care are presented herein. We encourage other health networks to adopt this model of care for managing RIBFI in EUPD.
Tubular biomarkers and histology in lupus nephritis
Authors: Carbayo Javier , Verdalles Úrsula , Díaz‐Crespo Francisco , Lázaro Alberto , González‐Nicolás Marian , Arroyo David , Blanco David , Redondo Victor Cristobal , García‐Gámiz Mercedes , Goicoechea Marian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe relevance of tubulo‐interstitial involvement for kidney prognosis has recently been emphasized, but validated biomarkers for predicting histology are still lacking. The aim of our study was to evaluate different serum and urinary markers of tubular damage in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and to correlate them with kidney histopathology.MethodsA single‐center retrospective study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2021. Serum and urine samples were collected on the same day of kidney biopsy and correlated with histologic data from a cohort of 15 LN patients. We analyzed the following urinary markers, adjusted for urine creatinine: beta 2‐microglobulin, alpha 1‐microglobulin, NGAL, uKIM‐1, MCP‐1, uDKK‐3, and uUMOD. The serum markers sKIM‐1 and sUMOD were also analyzed.ResultsA positive and strong correlation was observed between the degree of interstitial fibrosis (rho = 0.785, p = .001) and tubular atrophy (rho = 0.781, p = .001) and the levels of uDKK3. uUMOD also showed an inverse and moderate correlation with interstitial fibrosis (rho = −0.562, p = .037) and tubular atrophy (rho = −0.694, p = .006). Patients with >10% cortical interstitial inflammation had higher levels of uKIM‐1 [4.9 (3.9, 5.5) vs. 0.8 (0.6, 1.5) mcg/mg, p = .001], MCP‐1 [3.8 (2. 3, 4.2) vs. 0.7 (0.3, 1.2) mcg/mg, p = .001], sKIM‐1 [9.2 (5.9, 32.7) vs. 1.4 (0, 3.5) pg/mL, p = .001], and lower sUMOD [8.7 (0, 39.7) vs. 46.1 (35.7, 53) ng/mL, p = .028].ConclusionThe use of specific urinary and serum biomarkers of tubular dysfunction or injury may help to predict certain histologic parameters in LN patients.
The causal associations of inflammatory cytokines with obesity and systemic lupus erythematosus: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang An‐Fang , Zhou Ling , Xu Wang‐Dong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have partly discussed the roles of inflammatory cytokines in obesity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the causal relationship among inflammatory cytokines, obesity, and SLE is unclear. It is challenging to comprehensively evaluate the causal relationship between these variables. This study aimed to investigate the role of cytokines as intermediates between obesity and SLE.MethodsThe inverse‐variance weighted method (IVW) of mendelian randomization (MR) is mainly used to explore the causal relationship between exposure and outcome by using the genetic variation of the open large genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), namely single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to obesity (more than 600 000 participants), inflammatory cytokines (8293 healthy participants) and SLE (7219 cases). Methods such as weighted median, MR‐Egger are used to evaluate the reliability of causality. Reverse analysis is performed for each MR analysis to avoid reverse causality. Cochran's Q statistic and funnel chart are used to detect heterogeneity, MR‐Egger intercept test and leave‐one‐out sensitivity analyses evaluated pleiotropy.ResultsObesity was associated with 25 cytokines, and 3 cytokines were associated with SLE, including CTACK (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.33, p = .002), IL‐18 (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.26, p = .027), SCGFb (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.99, p = .044). In the opposite direction, SLE was associated with 18 cytokines, and 2 cytokines were associated with obesity, including IP‐10 (βIVW = −.03, 95% CI: −0.05, −0.01, p = .002), MIP‐1B (βIVW = −.03, 95% CI: −0.05, −0.01, p = .004).ConclusionOur MR study suggested that CTACK, IL‐18 and SCGFb may play an intermediary role in obesity to SLE, while IP‐10 and MIP‐1B may play an intermediary role in SLE to obesity.
A novel senolytic drug for pulmonary fibrosis: BTSA1 targets apoptosis of senescent myofibroblasts by activating BAX
Authors: Shen Mengxia , Fu Jiafeng , Zhang Yunna , Chang Yanfen , Li Xiaohong , Cheng Haipeng , Qiu Yujia , Shao Min , Han Yang , Zhou Yan , Luo Ziqiang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and age‐related disease that results from impaired lung repair following injury. Targeting senescent myofibroblasts with senolytic drugs attenuates pulmonary fibrosis, revealing a detrimental role of these cells in pulmonary fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying the occurrence and persistence of senescent myofibroblasts in fibrotic lung tissue require further clarification. In this study, we demonstrated that senescent myofibroblasts are resistant to apoptosis by upregulating the proapoptotic protein BAX and antiapoptotic protein BCL‐2 and BCL‐XL, leading to BAX inactivation. We further showed that high levels of inactive BAX‐mediated minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (minority MOMP) promoted DNA damage and myofibroblasts senescence after insult by a sublethal stimulus. Intervention of minority MOMP via the inhibition of caspase activity by quinolyl‐valyl‐O‐methylaspartyl‐[2,6‐difluorophenoxy]‐methyl ketone (QVD‐OPH) or BAX knockdown significantly reduced DNA damage and ultimately delayed the progression of senescence. Moreover, the BAX activator BTSA1 selectively promoted the apoptosis of senescent myofibroblasts, as BTSA1‐activated BAX converted minority MOMP to complete MOMP while not injuring other cells with low levels of BAX. Furthermore, therapeutic activation of BAX with BTSA1 effectively reduced the number of senescent myofibroblasts in the lung tissue and alleviated both reversible and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. These findings advance the understanding of apoptosis resistance and cellular senescence mechanisms in senescent myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis and demonstrate a novel senolytic drug for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.
The relative importance of precipitation change and temperature sensitivity in determining the population viability of a threatened sub‐tropical rainforest endemic plant Triunia robusta (Proteaceae)
Authors: Shimizu Yoko , Accad Arnon , Shapcott Alison 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThreatened species in rainforests may be vulnerable to climate change, because of their potentially narrow thermal tolerances, small population sizes, restricted distributions and limited dispersal. We investigated the relative influence of potential climate change on the population viability of Triunia robusta (Proteaceae), an endangered rainforest shrub endemic to southeast Queensland, Australia. A spatially explicit, stochastic population model with seven stage classes was developed and linked with the species distribution model (SDM) to explore a variety of hypothetical climate change simulations over a 90‐year period from 2010 to 2100: (1) constant population dynamics, (2) changes in habitat distributions as trend in carrying capacity and (3) changes in habitat distributions, precipitation and temperature regime as relative change in seedling survival and fecundity. The results revealed high vulnerability of small populations to local extinction regardless of geographical location or climatic stressors, while some larger populations located in the southern end of the species distribution range showed persistence in‐situ. Triunia robusta was found to be sensitive to reduced precipitation and increased temperature, limiting the species reproductive activities and seedling establishment and reducing the overall abundance consequently. Integration of population models and SDM allowed for the evaluation of multiple climatic stressors that may affect habitat distributions and population dynamics of T. robusta and ultimately suggest potential implications for future conservation and management planning with respect to climate change.
The termitaria terminator: Can Actinobolus beetles affect the relationships between termitaria and related fauna in the Brazilian Cerrado?
Authors: de Lima Luis Felipe Carvalho , Brandão Reuber Albuquerque 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTermites are key components of tropical ecosystems, particularly in the Cerrado biome, where they dominate animal biomass and play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and soil formation. Their abundance and nutritional value make them primary food sources for various Cerrado animals, influencing predator diversity and several ecological interactions. Additionally, termite mounds serve as essential shelters for a wide range of fauna, aiding in thermoregulation and providing refuge from harsh environmental conditions, including wildfires. In this scenario, termitaria survival, diversity, and availability have several effects on the Cerrado fauna ecology. We present novel insights into the interaction between Actinobolus beetles and epigeous termite mounds in the Cerrado. Our field observations revealed Actinobolus beetles utilizing termite mounds for feeding and reproduction in several localities of Cerrado. These beetles access the inner portion of the termitaria, where the colony nest is located and protected by the termitaria's harder external layer and their larvae consume the termite nest structure. Actinobolus attack leads to partial or complete destruction of the colony and the creation of large hollows inside the mounds, causing deep changes in its structure. Despite the defensive mechanisms of termites, Actinobolus larvae thrive within the nest and likely ingest termites’ eggs, nymphae and adults. Furthermore, we found that the Actinobolus capsule are made of faecal pellets, instead of termitaria debris. We suggest that the interaction between Actinobolus beetles and epigeous termitaria impacts the role of termitaria in providing microclimate regulation, food and shelter for Cerrado fauna, likely having poorly understood effects on the conservation and management of Cerrado ecosystems.
Testicular histomorphometric patterns and spermatogenesis dynamics of Oecomys bicolor tomes, 1860 (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Martins Ana Luiza Pereira , Dias Fernanda Carolina Ribeiro , Oliveira Elizabeth Lopes , Rodrigues Grasielle Avelar Vieira , de Avelar Gleide Fernandes , de Melo Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves , Costa Kyvia Lugate Cardoso , da Matta Sérgio Luis Pinto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough the order Rodentia does not present a high risk of extinction compared to mammals as a whole, several families demonstrate high levels of threat and/or data deficiency, therefore highlighting the need for targeted research and the application of ecological and reproductive data to the development of conservation actions. The order Rodentia, the largest among mammals, includes 9 families, and the family Cricetidae is the most diverse of the Brazilian rodents. In Brazil, 12 of the 16 genera of Oecomys are found. Oecomys bicolor is known in Brazil as the ‘arboreal rat’ and is, found in dry, deciduous and tropical forests. The mean body weight of Oecomys bicolor was 35.8 g and the gonadal, tubular and epithelial somatic indexes were, 0.53%, 0.47% and 0.37%, respectively. Seminiferous tubules volume density was 89.72% and the mitotic and meiotic indexes corresponded to 8.59 and 2.45 cells, respectively, and the yield of spermatogenesis was 23.83 cells. The intertubular compartment represented 10.28% of the testis parenchyma and around 5% of the interstitial space was occupied by Leydig cells, whose number per gram of testis was 11.10 × 107 cells. By evaluating the biometric and histomorphometric characteristics of the testis, there is evidence that this species has a high investment in reproduction. Due to the high contribution of the seminiferous epithelium and the intertubular compartment in this species, compared to the others of the same family, it is possible to infer that the species Oecomys bicolor has a promiscuous reproductive behaviour.
Histology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of cornea of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus)
Authors: Barhaiya Rakesh Kumar , Kumar Pawan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA comprehensive light and ultrastructural examination of the cornea in Domestic Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) revealed four distinct layers: the anterior epithelium, corneal stroma, Descemet's membrane and endothelium. Although Bowman's layer was not distinctly identified through histology, histochemical analysis indicated the presence of a rudimentary Bowman's layer, possibly vestigial from evolution. Scanning electron microscopy of the outer corneal surface unveiled two cell types, characterized by micro‐projections, with light cells exhibiting shorter, thicker projections compared to dark cells. Examination of the inner surface via scanning electron microscopy demonstrated an endothelial layer devoid of cilia and microvilli, yet faint round to oval elevations were observed, potentially representing cell nuclei. Transmission electron microscopy unveiled that basal cells of the anterior epithelium closely adhered to the basement membrane, featuring half desmosomes along the basal surface. These basal cells extensively interconnected through interdigitations and a few desmosomes. The superficial cell layer consisted of a few rows of closely attached flat cells, forming a leak‐proof layer with zona occludens. The outermost cells of this layer displayed fine projections to enhance the surface area, facilitating tear film distribution. At lower magnification, Transmission electron microscopy of the corneal stroma revealed alternating light and dark bands, with light bands representing transverse sections of collagen fibril lamellae and dark bands corresponding to longitudinal or oblique sections. Spindle‐shaped keratocytes (fibroblasts) were identified as the primary stromal cells, intermingled between the lamellae, and featured long processes in close contact with neighbouring keratocytes. Overall, the histomorphology of the pig cornea resembles that of the human cornea except indistinct Bowman's membrane. This detailed understanding of the normal corneal structure in pigs hold great significance for biomedical research, providing a valuable reference for studies involving this animal model.
Noradrenaline‐induced changes in cerebral blood flow in health, traumatic brain injury and critical illness: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Meng Lingzhong , Sun Yanhua , Zhao Xu , Rasmussen Mads , Al‐Tarshan Yazan , Meng Deyi M. , Liu Ziyue , Adams David C. , McDonagh David L. 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundNoradrenaline is a standard treatment for hypotension in acute care. The precise effects of noradrenaline on cerebral blood flow in health and disease remain unclear.MethodsWe systematically reviewed and synthesised data from studies examining changes in cerebral blood flow in healthy participants and patients with traumatic brain injury and critical illness.ResultsTwenty‐eight eligible studies were included. In healthy subjects and patients without critical illness or traumatic brain injury, noradrenaline did not significantly change cerebral blood flow velocity (‐1.7%, 95%CI ‐4.7–1.3%) despite a 24.1% (95%CI 19.4–28.7%) increase in mean arterial pressure. In patients with traumatic brain injury, noradrenaline significantly increased cerebral blood flow velocity (21.5%, 95%CI 11.0–32.0%), along with a 33.8% (95%CI 14.7–52.9%) increase in mean arterial pressure. In patients who were critically ill, noradrenaline significantly increased cerebral blood flow velocity (20.0%, 95%CI 9.7–30.3%), along with a 32.4% (95%CI 25.0–39.9%) increase in mean arterial pressure. Our analyses suggest intact cerebral autoregulation in healthy subjects and patients without critical illness or traumatic brain injury., and impaired cerebral autoregulation in patients with traumatic brain injury and who were critically ill. The extent of mean arterial pressure changes and the pre‐treatment blood pressure levels may affect the magnitude of cerebral blood flow changes. Studies assessing cerebral blood flow using non‐transcranial Doppler methods were inadequate and heterogeneous in enabling meaningful meta‐analysis.ConclusionsNoradrenaline significantly increases cerebral blood flow in humans with impaired, not intact, cerebral autoregulation, with the extent of changes related to the severity of functional impairment, the extent of mean arterial pressure changes and pre‐treatment blood pressure levels.
A pharmacovigilance study of drug‐reduced male semen quality based on the Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system database
Authors: Tan Haowen , Luo Luping , Li Wenjun , Lan Weiwei , Chen Ying , Huang Guili , Yang Jia , Xi Xin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundReal‐world big data studies on drug‐reduced male semen quality are few and far between, with most studies based on animal trials, small scale retrospective studies, or a limited number of pre‐market clinical trials.MethodsThis study aimed to identify culprit drugs that reduced male semen quality based on the United States Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system. The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities preferred terms and standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities queries were used to define reduced male semen quality. Adverse events related to drug‐reduced male semen quality were then analyzed by disproportionality analysis using the United States Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system data between 2004 and 2023.ResultsAt the preferred term level, 59 drugs with risk signals were detected to be associated with drug‐reduced male semen quality, with the three most frequently reported second‐level Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical groups being antineoplastic agents (n = 16, 27.12%), psychoanaleptics (n = 9, 15.25%), and psycholeptics (n = 6, 10.17%). At the standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities queries level, the five drugs with the greatest number of cases were finasteride (845 cases, IC025 = 7.72), dutasteride (163 cases, IC025 = 7.22), tamsulosin (148 cases, IC025 = 5.99), testosterone (101 cases, IC025 = 4.08), and valproic acid (54 cases, IC025 = 2.44). Additionally, clinical information about drug‐reduced male semen quality is absent from the Summary of Product Characteristics of 41 drugs in our study.ConclusionsUsing the United States Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system database, we offer a list of drugs with risk signals for reducing male semen quality. In the future, there is still a need for more studies on drugs whose effects on male semen quality are not fully understood.
Enriching Carbon: Surplus Value Creation and Capture on the Voluntary Carbon Markets
Authors: Lock Will 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article examines the creation and capture of surplus value in the voluntary carbon markets to show the importance of narratives and networks in justifying price. Rather than a push towards commensurability in carbon markets, it points to the emergence of profitable business models based on the enrichment of credits. Enrichment focuses not on processes of standardisation associated with commodity production, but on the creation of difference, uniqueness, and provenance. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and the marketing of a REDD+ project in San Martín, Peru, the article argues that the creation of surplus value in the voluntary market lies chiefly in the ability of vendors to create, manage, and sell narratives. A focus on the enrichment of carbon‐as‐an‐asset thus shows that narratives and networks go beyond performativity but are central to value construction, privileging certain actors and forms of labour and highlighting emerging forms of exploitation in green markets.
The early and rapid response to daratumumab in children with chronic refractory immune thrombocytopenia from a referral single centre of China
Authors: Hu Yu , Wang Zhifa , Ma Jingyao , Wang Nan , Meng Jinxi , Dong Shuyue , Chen Zhenping , Cheng Xiaoling , Wu Runhui 
Published: June 2024

SummaryChronic refractory primary immune thrombocytopenia (CRITP) is currently defined as refractory to multiple therapeutic of second‐line agents with or without splenectomy, faced with the threat of severe bleeding and challenging to obtain effective treatment. Although stable and effective drug therapy is needed, it is tough to find one. Daratumumab (Dara), an anti‐CD38 monoclonal antibody presented the target cloned plasma cells in multiple myeloma, has also been reported to be effective in refractory autoimmune cytopenia in some case or series reports and ongoing clinical trials for adult patients with CRITP. Here, we report the early and durable response of Dara combination with avatrombopag in three CRITP patients (2 male and 1 female aged 12, 5 and 7 years, respectively) in our centre, with a follow‐up period of more than 25 weeks. Before Dara, the duration of immune thrombocytopenia was 9, 1.4 and 4 years, respectively, a baseline platelet count of 4, 6, 9 × 109/L, the bleeding score was all above level 2 and the number of previous drugs was >3. The time to response (R: Plt ≥30 × 109/L with at least a twofold increase in the baseline count) of Dara was on Day 45, 6 and 4 and achieved complete response (CR: Plt ≥100 × 109/L) on Day 51, 6 and 8, the sustained response (SR: Plt >30 × 109/L following Dara at ≥75% of the platelet count assessment at follow‐up end‐point since the patient achieved response) was 48, 175 and 204 days with the follow‐up time of 39.1, 25.9 and 29.7 weeks. The bleeding score decreased from grade 3 to grade 0 during follow‐up. No significant treatment‐related adverse events were found during follow‐up. Dara combination with avatrombopag may be a safe and efficacious therapy for children with CRITP, but it needs to be further explored.