bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontario first nations environmental scan on injuries and injury prevention
Authors: Cote-Meek S , Assinewe F , Jones-Keeshig D , Macpherson A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundInjuries are the leading cause of death among First Nations in Canada from 1 to 44 years, Health Canada 2001. The Ontario First Nation population was 175 178 within 133 First Nation communities in 2008. Ontario First Nations identified Motor Vehicle Collisions, Violence including Suicide and Falls, as injury issues and recommended priorities in education, training and research. An Injury Prevention Initiative was established to address issues, implement priorities and develop an Ontario First Nation Injury Prevention Strategy and Action Plan. It is coordinated by the Chiefs in Ontario. Several projects were initiated to inform the development of the Strategy and Action Plan.ObjectiveThe objective of the Ontario First Nations Environmental Scan on Injuries and Injury Prevention was to determine community-based injury issues, priorities, prevention initiatives and recommendations for injury prevention.MethodsThe method utilised was to distribute a key informant survey to each First Nation community in Ontario. Participants were asked to report the most frequent injury occurrences, to identify injury priorities, barriers and prevention initiatives including best practises.ResultsThe results for children, identified falls and violence, for youth it was falls, violence and alcohol poisoning. Adults had motor vehicle collisions, violence, and alcohol poisoning, and elders reported falls, violence and alcohol poisoning. The lack of community involvement, education, training, research, and funding for injury prevention programs were identified broadly as recommendations.ConclusionFirst Nations communities understand the challenges facing their population, and want to take steps to reduce the burden of injury in their communities.
Ontario first nations child car restraint project evaluation
Authors: Cote-Meek S , Assinewe F , Jones-Keeshig D , Macpherson A 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundInjuries are the leading cause of death among First Nations in Canada from 1 to 44 years, Health Canada 2001. The Ontario First Nation population was 175 178 within 133 First Nation communities in 2008. Ontario First Nations identified Motor Vehicle Collisions, Violence including Suicide and Falls, as injury issues and recommended priorities in education, training and research. An Injury Prevention Initiative was established to address issues, implement priorities and develop an Ontario First Nation Injury Prevention Strategy and Action Plan. It is coordinated by the Chiefs in Ontario. The issue of Motor vehicle collisions among Ontario First Nations included concerns about the reported low use of child car restraints. Few interventions to improve restraint use have been implemented and evaluated.ObjectiveThe objective of the Ontario First Nations Child Car Restraint Project was to promote child passenger safety and evaluate interventions in five communities.MethodsPrior to community based child passenger safety interventions, participants were asked about their knowledge and behaviours related to the use of child car restraints. They then participated in interventions and answered the same questions after the interventions.ResultsThe results reported knowledge increased significantly and a variation in the improvement by community, by gender and by education level. About half of the participants showed no improvement or had decreased scores.ConclusionCommunity-based interventions can improve knowledge and reported behaviour, but not all participants benefit equally. Interventions will need to be community based, culturally specific and targeted to population needs to improve success.
Could workplace accidents covered by social insurance workers compensation funds be used to calculate national indicators for surveillance of occupational injuries in France?
Authors: Brière J , Chevalier A , Feurprier M , Paboeuf F , Imbernon E 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundFinancial compensation for workplace accidents are paid by several funds in France. The advantage of these data is that each fund determines if the accident was work-related. But funds function independently and there have no efforts to make the data consistent or to centralise them. Another disadvantage is related to the kind of data, which is recorded for administrative purposes and not for epidemiologic surveillance.MethodsThe French Institute for Public Health Surveillance used individual information of occupational injuries of the three principal funds (84% of employees) for the year 2004. We defined essential information (especially the victim's sex and age, economic sector, occupation and cause of accident) and matched nomenclatures. We calculated national indicators for each fund and for all the funds: the number of occupational injuries, the incidence rate of cases of occupational injury, the proportion of serious and fatal injuries (according sex, age, economic sector).ResultsThe number of occupational injuries for the three funds was 914 803 for men, 370 053 for women. The incidence rate reached 8.8 (per 100 employees) for men, 4.6 for women. The three leading sectors were construction (14.3), transport (10.9) and agriculture and food processing industry (10.4) for men, agriculture and food processing industry (7.0), education health and social action (6.8) and services to individuals (6.4) for women.ConclusionsCalculation of national indicators for surveillance of occupational injuries seems possible. Recommendations will be proposed for the purpose of improving surveillance.
Trends of road traffic crashes in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayatilleke A U , Jayatilleke A C 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionSri Lanka is a lower middle-income country in the South Asian Region which is facing a growing burden of road traffic crashes (RTCs). In Sri Lanka, RTCs lead to more than 2000 deaths and 14 000 casualties every year. We conducted this study to examine the trends of RTCs in Sri Lanka for the 30 year between 1977 and 2007.MethodsWe extracted the police reported RTCs between 1977 and 2007 from the statistics unit, police traffic headquarters, Sri Lanka. We calculated the crash and the death rates per 100 000 population and analysed the trends of RTCs during the 30 years. We plotted graphs to show the trend or the RTCs during this period.ResultsBetween 1977 and 2003, all types of road traffic crashes increased markedly in Sri Lanka: total (194.8%), fatal (81.8%), grievous (257.9%), non-grievous (69.2%) and damage only (303.5%). However a reduction was observed in damage only (69.1), non-grievous (16.8%) and total (48.2%) crashes from 2003 to 2007. However, fatal crashes and grievous crashes increased by 11.0% and 24.5% respectively.ConclusionSince 2003, damage only, and non-grievous crashes decreased markedly. However such a reduction was not seen in more serious fatal and grievous crashes. In 2003, Sri Lankan insurance companies changed their insurance policies and introduced an on-the-spot payment scheme. No law amendment was introduced in 2003. Therefore the reduction of damage only, and non-grievous crashes could be due to the high under reporting of crashes, rather than an actual reduction.
Socioeconomic disparities in pedestrian injuries
Authors: Anderson C L , Vaca F E , Chakravarthy B 
Published: March 2011

Pedestrian injuries are an important component of motor vehicle injuries, especially for children. We examined the association between pedestrian collisions and the social environment using data from a large suburban county in southern California.MethodPedestrian collisions were identified from the California State-wide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) (2000–2004). A Geographic Information System was used to map the location of pedestrian collisions and this was overlaid onto demographic and social characteristic data from the US Census (2000).Results4209 collisions were identified in 5 years of data. Exactly 4000 (95%) of these were geocoded to a specific location and mapped. The census tracts with the highest quartile of poverty had four times as many pedestrian collisions (relative to population) as the census tracts with the lowest quartile of poverty, and nine times as many pedestrian collisions involving children age 0–12 years (relative to their population). Other social variables, including education among adults and percent of adults who spoke another language at home and spoke English less than very well, were related to the frequency of pedestrian collisions. Population density was related to the frequency of pedestrian collisions only among children. None of these variables explained the association of poverty with the frequency of pedestrian injuries.ConclusionThere is a substantial disparity in pedestrian injury risk by poverty in this county.
Rapid treatment of suicide states in the emergency department
Authors: Larkin G L , Beautrais A L , Lippmann M 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundSuicidal behaviour is a pervasive and pressing public health burden. Emergency Departments (EDs) visits for mood disorders in general, and for major depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in particular, have increased in the last 15 years, showing no sign of declining. Intervening with effective treatments in the ED when suicidal patients are accessible could achieve a more rapid, effective and safe disposition. At present there is a dearth of effective ED treatments for acutely suicidal and depressed patients. A single sub-anaesthetic dose of IV ketamine can rapidly reduce depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depressed (TRD) patients, with anti-depressant responses detected within 1–2 h postinfusion and maintained in a majority of patients for 1–7 days, without significant adverse side effects. To date, research has focused on the potential of ketamine to treat TRD.MethodPilot study to assess the feasibility of administering low-dose ketamine in the ED as a rapidly acting anti-depressant which alleviates the intensity of suicide ideation, as well as improving depressed mood.Results20 ED patients with a primary presenting complaint of suicide ideation or who have made a suicide attempt were administered single sub-anaesthetic dose of either ketamine (0.25 mg/kg IV bolus over 3 min). Ketamine rapidly reduced both suicide ideation and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThese results suggest the exploratory research findings of a low dose of ketamine can be translated from TRD patients to the clinical setting of the ED for suicidal patients.
Willingness of volunteer paramedics to re-volunteer in a time of war
Authors: Jaffe E , Aviel E , Nave M , Knobler H , Aharonson-Daniel L 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundMagen David Adom (MDA), Israel's national rescue organisation, used volunteers from northern Israel to reinforce emergency medical teams in the South during Operation Oferet Yezuka that affected only the southern part of the country. To ascertain the return of professional volunteers to additional reinforcement shifts in a time of war, the organisation needs to maintain satisfactory conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the willingness of reinforcing volunteers to return to another shift in a time of war.MethodsA telephone survey of 99 out of 561 volunteers who came to reinforce the south in January 2009. The volunteers were asked about job characteristics, physical conditions, feeling of personal safety, and the correspondence between the volunteers' expectations and their job assignment.ResultsPhysical conditions, reception and job assignment, as well as the number of events treated significantly influenced willingness to return to another shift. The number of events at the station and the level of satisfaction positively correlated with the willingness to return while the feeling of personal safety did not. The volunteers' anxiety was negatively correlated to the number of rockets that fell in the area of the station and the number of casualties treated.ConclusionsThe volunteers reported that they are willing to endanger their lives in order to repeatedly help during war. Appropriate reception and job assignment at the reinforcement station, reasonable staying conditions, and training and preparation for the reinforcement job will bring the volunteers back to another shift.
Identification of black spots for traffic injury in road intersections dependence of injury definition
Authors: Hansen D , Lauritsen J M 
Published: March 2011

IntroductionIn Denmark it is common practice that road administrations use black spot identification methods in planning. Assumed black spots are further reviewed based on traffic volume, modes of transportation and other considerations. For our region hospital based geo-located traffic injury information has been available for about 20 years and in the current project the aim was to investigate whether different definitions of black spots (hot spots) would point at different intersections for further scrutiny.MethodsDuring the years 2002 to 2007 all 29 719 patient contacts due to traffic accidents treated at three hospitals for a region covering roughly 0.5 mio persons were recorded routinely and subsequently geo-coded to exact location. For 8191 injured persons the traffic accident occurred in one of 2157 road intersections. In total the county holds 56.994 intersections. Hot spots were defined asThe upper decile of injury generating intersections.Intersections with at least one death or hospitalised patient.The intersections covering the upper decile of injuries.ResultsThe three definitions in combination identified 295 injury burdened intersections. Only three intersections were identified by all three definitions. All intersections fulfilling definition three were also included in definition one. Definition two covered 103 intersections, only 22 of these were identified by definition one.ConclusionThe definition of Black spot has huge implications for identification of intersections considered as a black spot. GIS methods must take this into consideration.
Violence in the emergency department: a multicentre survey of nurses' perception
Authors: Ogundipe O K , Aladesanmi T , Adigun A I , Taiwo O J , Etonyeaku C A , Ojo O E , Obimakinde S O 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundEmergency department (ED) violence is common and widespread. Research suggests that ED staff receive the most amount of verbal and physical abuse. Nurses bear the brunt of the violence. The violence is becoming increasingly common and lethal. Many institutions are still improperly prepared to deal with it.MethodA questionnaire-based survey of the perception of violence among nurses working in six tertiary hospitals EDs across five states in the country was conducted.Result81 nurses were interviewed with a male to female ratio of 1:4. Most were right about the definition of violence. 88.6% have witnessed ED violence while 65.0% had been direct victims before. Nurses followed by doctors are the usual victims of the ED carried out mostly by visitors to the ED. Males are usually responsible for the violence, which occurred most usually in the evening. Weapons are not commonly utilised in our environment as only 15.8% of the nurses had been threatened with a weapon over a 1-year period. The main perceived reasons for violence are overcrowded emergency rooms, long waiting time and inadequate system of security. All the institutions are lacking in basic strategies for prevention. While most of the nurses are not satisfied with the EDs which are considered not safe, fewer would wish for redeployment to other departments.ConclusionThere is need to make the EDs safer for all users, or else we might have to start wishing our ED users come back home safe.
Economic development and road traffic fatalities in two neighbouring African nations
Authors: Wiebe D J , Branas C C 
Published: March 2011

BackgroundBotswana's rapidly growing economy has brought infrastructure advances including roadway development, more vehicles, and an escalating road traffic fatality rate. We tested the hypothesis that the association between annual gross domestic product (GDP) increases and road traffic fatality increases was causal. Zambia, which neighbours Botswana but has not experienced rapid growth, was used for comparison.MethodsAnnual time series of social and economic indicators and road traffic fatalities in Botswana and Zambia for 1981–2008 from World Bank and World Health Organization data were analysed using vector autoregressive and Granger causality tests.ResultsBotswana dramatically outpaced Zambia between 1981 and 2008 in economic indicators including GDP per capita (9% vs –1% mean annual change) and GINI per capita (18% vs 2% mean annual change). Vehicles per 1000 capita increased 36% in Zambia but 800% in Botswana (18 in 1990, 156 in 2007). Between 1981 and 2005 the road traffic fatality rate increased 4.7 fold in Zambia and 9.2 fold in Botswana. Annual road traffic fatality rates in Botswana were associated with GDP (billions) 4 years earlier (b=9.9, p<0.01). Similarly, despite being lower, annual road traffic fatality rates in Zambia were associated with GDP 3 years earlier (b=0.2, p<0.05). Granger tests suggested that in both countries, directionality went from GDP to fatalities and not vice versa.ConclusionThe economic development that occurred in Botswana and Zambia produced proportionate road traffic fatality increases. Road safety improvements should be concomitant with economic development.
Carbon monoxide poisoning surveillance: a French Environmental & Health surveillance system integrated in preventive policies
Authors: Verrier A , Daoudi J , Gourier-Frry C , Salines G 
Published: March 2011

In France, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning strikes over 5000 people who have to be managed in emergency conditions. In order to improve our knowledge on CO poisoning circumstances, a specific surveillance system has been set up. Its main objective is to provide epidemiological description of poisoning in order to improve preventive messages and rules.MethodsIn France, governmental procedures impose that each CO poisoning case has to be reported to poison control centres or public health services. A technical investigation is immediately conducted to identify causes of poisoning. A medical investigation is also set up to describe clinical symptoms, medical management and severity. Since there are no specific clinic symptoms of CO poisoning, an epidemiological case definition was built, combining both environmental and medical criteria (clinical symptoms, impregnation estimation, atmospheric measurements, and technological signs).ResultsAbout 1300 CO poisoning incidents involving 4000 exposed persons were yearly declared. 85% of those were domestic unintentional poisoning, half of which concerned home owners and were caused by gas furnaces with favouring conditions like voluntarily obstructed ventilation. Public health preventive messages focused on good ventilation and annual check of gas furnaces. During winter power outages, outbreaks were due to misuse of generators or portable heating devices. Preventive messages then focused on the right use of these devices.ConclusionsThis surveillance system has improved our knowledge about CO poisoning circumstances. A dual strategy of preventive messages and rules has been set up to transform public health knowledge into action.
Burn out and craft emergency
Authors: Marien P , Auvert L , Porras J , Michel G 
Published: March 2011

Burnout (BO) is an international phenomenon studied. It is very important in the sectors of Health, Education and Defence but remains largely unexplored among firefighters, policemen (Parent-Thirion et al, 2005; Lavillunires et al. 2007; Lourel et al., 2008). Most studies have tried to apprehend the BO or through individual characteristics or through the environmental requirements but neglecting the relationship that both could maintain.ObjectiveTo investigate predictors of BO among French fire fighters, policeman and emergency workers.Method100 fire fighters, 100 emergency workers will answer to the Temperamental and Character Inventory (TCI-56; Rigozzi and Rossier, 2005), to Job Stress Survey adapted to urgency workers (JSS-F, Marien, Auvert and Michel, 2009), to Coping Stress Inventory (CISS; Rolland et al., 1994); to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI; Dion and Teissier, 1994).Preliminary ResultsBO is caused by the interaction between occupational stress and coping. In this case, personality moderate this relationship.DiscussionThese findings emphasise the importance of differentiating these individuals according to their job requirements vary by rank and focus on the importance of subjective dimension in this syndrome. They bring to light the importance of interactional process between individuals characteristics and environmental constraints. This can orient some intervention approaches that can be access on the motivational aspect. In this case, the job could be for a redefinition of goals but also on expanding the flexibility and skills to both business and personal given the opportunity to respond optimally to environmental constraints.
Road traffic injury surveillance system using combined data, Peru-2007
Authors: Medina Y R , Espitia-Hardeman V , Dellinger A , Loaiza M , Bolarte J , Leyva R , Cisneros G 
Published: March 2011

IntroduccinEn el Per, los accidentes de trnsito son uno de los ms importantes problemas de salud pblica. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las no mortales de trfico por carretera de la lesin de vigilancia establecido a nivel nacional, utilizando los datos combinados. Mtodo: Este es un hospital de un sistema basado en prctica en 2007 en unidades centinela (instituciones de salud) en el pas. La informacin se recoge a partir de tres diferentes fuentes de datos: registros de los hospitales, los informes policiales, y los datos de seguros de vehculos. Las lesiones no mortales de trfico por carretera que asistieron por primera vez en los departamentos de emergencia estn incluidos en el sistema. La informacin es analizada peridicamente y presentados en reuniones con los tomadores de decisiones, y difundido a los participantes en el sistema. Resultados: Despus de dos aos de los resultados de la recopilacin de datos indica que la mayora de los casos se asisti a los peatones y cuatro ocupantes de los vehculos de ruedas. El mayor porcentaje de los peatones se encuentra en Cajamarca (56,4%), un estado en el noroeste del pas. Sin embargo, en algunos Estados de la regin amaznica (Loreto, San Martn y Ucayali), motociclistas y pasajeros de los vehculos de motor representaron un importante porcentaje de los casos. La distribucin por grupo de edad y sexo de la persona lesionada muestra un nmero mayor de hombres de 20 a 34 aos, con un nmero importante en el grupo de 5-9 aos de edad. Conclusiones: Algunos de los problemas del sistema son la sostenibilidad de las unidades participantes centinela y la expansin al resto del pas. El mayor desafo consiste en identificar intervenciones apropiadas de prevencin sobre la base de estos datos.