bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor performance investigation of an indirect matrix converter with a reactor‐free boost converter
Authors: Teck Chiang Goh , Itoh Jun‐ichi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper describes a three‐phase power converter which utilizes the neutral point of an induction motor and demonstrates the performance of the motor using the proposed method under various operating conditions. Several motor test results, such as the speed–torque characteristic, the torque impact, and the acceleration–deceleration characteristic, are included to confirm the performance of the induction motor. The structure of the proposed circuit consists primarily of an AC/AC converter [indirect matrix converter (IMC)] and a boost converter connected to the neutral point of the induction motor. In addition, this paper also proposes a method to reduce the ripple found in the battery current. Several experimental results show that the motor works well, and even the leakage inductance is utilized in the boost converter. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Estimation of blade structural properties from experimental data
Authors: Bottasso C.L. , Cacciola S. , Croce A. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWind turbine blades often present complex distributions of their stiffness, mass and inertial properties along the span. We propose a method to estimate such physical parameters so as to match given experimental observations. The procedure can be used to understand the nature of possible discrepancies between designed and manufactured blades and to provide updated high fidelity mathematical beam models to be used in aero‐elastic simulations. The formulation is based on the constrained optimization of a maximum likelihood cost function and a noisy measurement fusion approach whereby the data of multiple experiments are used simultaneously in a single estimation process. The proposed method is demonstrated first using simulated data and then in the identification of two real small wind turbine blades. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Comprehensive R Archive Network
Authors: Hornik Kurt 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) is a network of sites acting as the primary web service distributing R sources and binaries, extension packages, and documentation. We discuss this functionality in more detail, with particular emphasis on the CRAN package repository, and its underlying design and operation principles. WIREs Comput Stat 2012 doi: 10.1002/wics.1212This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Organizations and Publications
Biophysical properties of the voltage‐gated proton channel HV1
Authors: Musset Boris , DeCoursey Thomas 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe biophysical properties of the voltage‐gated proton channel (HV1) are the key elements of its physiological function. The voltage‐gated proton channel is a unique molecule that in contrast to all other ion channels is exclusively selective for protons. Alone among proton channels, it has voltage‐ and time‐dependent gating like other ‘classical’ ion channels. HV1 is furthermore a sensor for the pH in the cell and the surrounding media. Its voltage dependence is strictly coupled to the pH gradient across the membrane. This regulation restricts opening of the channel to specific voltages at any given pH gradient, therefore allowing HV1 to perform its physiological task in the tissue it is expressed in. For HV1 there is no known blocker. The most potent channel inhibitor is zinc (Zn2+) which prevents channel opening. An additional characteristic of HV1 is its strong temperature dependence of both gating and conductance. In contrast to single‐file water‐filled pores like the gramicidin channel, HV1 exhibits pronounced deuterium effects and temperature effects on conduction, consistent with a different conduction mechanism than other ion channels. These properties may be explained by the recent identification of an aspartate in the pore of HV1 that is essential to its proton selectivity. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:605–620. doi: 10.1002/wmts.55For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Use of a thermal camera to aid in capturing northern bobwhite quail chicks
Authors: Andes Alicia K. , Buckley Byron R. , Warren Thomas L. , Woods Paul C. , Yancey Sean R. , Dabbert C. Brad 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThere is a paucity of information concerning northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) chick demography caused by a deficiency of efficient published capture techniques and permanent unique markers for identification. In order to facilitate chick research, we employed a thermal camera to detect and capture chicks during the preflight stage (≤14 days old) brooded by a radiomarked female. We released a known number of chicks into native vegetation within a flight pen to test this technique. Observers (unaware of the number) then used a thermal camera to successfully count (≥95% intra‐class correlation coeff.; complete counts for each age class) and capture the chicks. In separate field tests, we homed to within 10 m of the roost location of wild radiomarked females before sunrise, circled the area until the brood heat signature was observed, and flushed the female from the chicks. We located 116 chicks from 43 broods with the thermal camera throughout the 2011 nesting season with 81% complete, 12% partial, and 7% failed captures attempts. Detection of chicks by the thermal camera was not affected by age. Complete brood abandonment was not detected as a result of capture events. The employment of a thermal camera to capture chicks should advance the success and efficiency of capture and thus promote research concerning brood ecology. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Substrate metabolism during basal and hyperinsulinemic conditions in adolescents and young‐adults with Barth syndrome
Authors: Cade W. Todd , Spencer Carolyn T. , Reeds Dominic N. , Waggoner Alan D. , O'Connor Robert , Maisenbacher Melissa , Crowley Jan R. , Byrne Barry J. , Peterson Linda R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundBarth syndrome (BTHS) is a rare X‐linked disorder that is characterized by mitochondrial abnormalities, infantile or childhood onset of cardioskeletal myopathy, and high mortality rates. It is currently unknown if BTHS related mitochondrial dysfunction results in substrate metabolism abnormalities and thereby contributes to cardioskeletal myopathy in patients with BTHS.MethodsAdolescents and young adults with BTHS (n = 5, 20 ± 4 yrs) and age and activity matched healthy controls (n = 5, 18 ± 4 yrs) underwent an hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp procedure with stable isotopically labeled tracers for measurement of lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, glucose disposal, and whole‐body proteolysis rates; dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry for measurement of body composition and 2‐D and strain echocardiography for measurement of left ventricular function.ResultsParticipants with BTHS had lower fat‐free mass (FFM) (BTHS: 31.4 ± 6.9 vs. Control: 46.7 ± 5.3 kg, p < 0.005), lower systolic function (strain, BTHS: ‐15.2 ± 2.4 vs. Control: −19.0 ± 2.4 %, p < 0.05), greater insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal rate per kg FFM (BTHS: 96.5 ± 16.3 vs. Control: 67.4 ± 17.6 μmol/kgFFM/min, p < 0.05), lower basal (BTHS: 4.6 ± 2.7 vs. Control: 11.9 ± 4.4 μmol/kgFM/min, p < 0.05) and hyperinsulinemic (BTHS: 1.6 ± 0.4 vs. Control: 3.6 ± 1.6 μmol/kgFM/min, p < 0.05) lipolytic rate per kg fat mass (FM), and a trend towards higher basal leucine rate of appearance per kg FFM (BTHS: 271.4 ± 69.3 vs. Control: 193.1 ± 28.7 μmol/kgFFM/hr, p = 0.07) compared to controls. Higher basal leucine rate of appearance per kg FFM (i.e. whole‐body proteolytic rate) tended to be associated with lower left ventricular systolic strain (r = −0.57, p = 0.09).ConclusionWhole‐body fatty acid, glucose and amino acid metabolism kinetics when expressed per unit of body composition are altered and appear to be related to cardioskeletal myopathy in humans with BTHS. Further studies examining myocardial substrate metabolism and whole‐body substrate metabolism during increased energy demands (e.g., exercise) and their relationships to skeletal and cardiac function are recommended.
Clinical Results and Failure Mechanisms of a Nonmodular Constrained Knee without Stem Extensions
Authors: Nam Denis , Umunna Ben-Paul N. , Cross Michael B. , Reinhardt Keith R. , Duggal Shivi , Cornell Charles N. 
Published: May 2012

Introduction In the setting of persistent knee instability despite appropriate ligament balancing for primary total knee arthroplasty, most surgeons advocate the use of an implant with increased articular constraint. These implants are commonly supplemented with stem extensions to improve stress transfer and decrease the risk of aseptic loosening. However, disadvantages exist with the use of stem extensions, including increased cost, intramedullary invasion, and diaphyseal pain. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the clinical results as assessed by the Knee Society, Hospital for Special Surgery, and SF-12 scores, (2) determine the incidence of failure as defined by the need for a revision procedure, and (3) to analyze the causes or modes of failure of a nonmodular constrained condylar knee without the use of stem extensions versus a conventional, posterior-stabilized design. Materials and Methods From 2002 to 2007, 190 TKAs were implanted using a primary, nonmodular constrained (NMC) prosthesis without stem extensions. During the same time period, clinical data were available for 140 TKAs implanted using a standard, posterior-stabilized (PS) design. Preoperative demographic data was reviewed, in addition to the rate and reason for revision in each cohort. Clinical data included HSS, Knee Society, and SF-12 scores at the latest follow-up, and the results of the NMC and PS cohorts were statistically compared using a Student's two-tailed t test. Results The mean age of patients in the NMC cohort was 72.3 ± 10.2 years, and the mean length of follow-up was 7.3 ± 2.1 years. The mean age of the PS cohort was 67.1 ± 8.7 years, with a mean follow-up of 6.1 ± 2.2 years. No statistically significant differences in the HSS, Knee Society, or SF-12 scores were appreciated between the two cohorts. The revision rate in the NMC cohort was 4.2 % compared to 4.3 % for the PS cohort. The most common cause of failure in the NMC cohort was femoral component loosening, all of which occurred when Palacos cement was used for fixation. NMC components (55.6 %) implanted with Palacos cement failed due to femoral component loosening. In contrast, all PS components requiring revision were revised for persistent instability. Discussion At mid-term follow-up, NMC prostheses without stem extensions have excellent clinical results and are a viable option for patients with ligamentous instability. The use of Palacos cement in this scenario was associated with a high rate of femoral component loosening, possibly due to the decreased intrusion depth of Palacos when compared to Simplex cement.
Accuracy of Right and Left Ventricular Functional Assessment by Short-Axis vs Axial Cine Steady-State Free-Precession Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Intrapatient Correlation with Main Pulmonary Artery and Ascending Aorta Phase-Contrast Flow Measurements
Authors: James Susan H. , Wald Rachel , Wintersperger Bernd J. , Jimenez-Juan Laura , Deva Djeven , Crean Andrew M. , Nguyen Elsie , Paul Narinder S. , Ley Sebastian 
Published: May 2012

Objective The left ventricle (LV) is routinely assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by using short-axis orientation; it remains unclear whether the right ventricle (RV) can also be adequately assessed in this orientation or whether dedicated axial orientation is required. We used phase-contrast (PC) flow measurements in the main pulmonary artery (MPA) and the ascending aorta (Aorta) as nonvolumetric standard of reference and compared RV and LV volumes in short-axis and axial orientations. Methods A retrospective analysis identified 30 patients with cardiac MRI data sets. Patients underwent MRI (1.5 T or 3 T), with retrospectively gated cine steady-state free-precession in axial and short-axis orientations. PC flow analyses of MPA and Aorta were used as the reference measure of RV and LV output. Results There was a high linear correlation between MPA-PC flow and RV–stroke volume (SV) short axis ( r = 0.9) and RV-SV axial ( r = 0.9). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean offset of 1.4 mL for RV axial and −2.3 mL for RV–short-axis vs MPA-PC flow. There was a high linear correlation between Aorta-PC flow and LV-SV short-axis ( r = 0.9) and LV-SV axial ( r = 0.9). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a mean offset of 4.8 m for LV short axis and 7.0 mL for LV axial vs Aorta-PC flow. There was no significant difference ( P = .6) between short-axis–LV SV and short-axis–RV SV. Conclusion No significant impact of the slice acquisition orientation for determination of RV and LV stroke volumes was found. Therefore, cardiac magnetic resonance workflow does not need to be extended by an axial data set for patients without complex cardiac disease for assessment of biventricular function and volumes.
Local dissipation scales and energy dissipation-rate moments in channel flow
Authors: Hamlington P. E. , Krasnov D. , Boeck T. , Schumacher J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLocal dissipation-scale distributions and high-order statistics of the energy dissipation rate are examined in turbulent channel flow using very high-resolution direct numerical simulations at Reynolds numbers ${\mathit{Re}}_{\tau } = 180$, $381$ and $590$. For sufficiently large ${\mathit{Re}}_{\tau } $, the dissipation-scale distributions and energy dissipation moments in the channel bulk flow agree with those in homogeneous isotropic turbulence, including only a weak Reynolds-number dependence of both the finest and largest scales. Systematic, but ${\mathit{Re}}_{\tau } $-independent, variations in the distributions and moments arise as the wall is approached for ${y}^{+ } \lesssim 100$. In the range $100\lt {y}^{+ } \lt 200$, there are substantial differences in the moments between the lowest and the two larger values of ${\mathit{Re}}_{\tau } $. This is most likely caused by coherent vortices from the near-wall region, which fill the whole channel for low ${\mathit{Re}}_{\tau } $.
HENRY HALLAM REVISITED
Authors: BENTLEY MICHAEL 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAlthough Henry Hallam (1777–1859) is best known for his Constitutional History of England (1827) and as a founder of ‘whig’ history, to situate him primarily as a mere critic of David Hume or as an apprentice to Thomas Babington Macaulay does him a disservice. He wrote four substantial books of which the first, his View of the state of Europe during the middle ages (1818), deserves to be seen as the most important; and his correspondence shows him to have been integrated into the contemporary intelligentsia in ways that imply more than the Whig acolyte customarily portrayed by commentators. This article re-situates Hallam by thinking across both time and space and depicts a significant historian whose filiations reached to Europe and North America. It proposes that Hallam did not originate the whig interpretation of history but rather that he created a sense of the past resting on law and science which would be reasserted in the age of Darwin.
One‐year aerosol profiling with EUCAARI Raman lidar at Shangdianzi GAW station: Beijing plume and seasonal variations
Authors: Hänel A. , Baars H. , Althausen D. , Ansmann A. , Engelmann R. , Sun J. Y. 
Published: May 2012

The study examines seasonal and air‐flow‐dependent variations of the vertical distribution of aerosols at the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station of Shangdianzi in the North China Plain 100 km northeast of Beijing. One‐year Raman lidar observations of profiles of aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients at 532 nm were performed from April 2009 to March 2010 in the framework of the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project. In the nighttime statistics a two‐layer structure with the main haze layer reaching to 1–1.5 km height asl and an elevated aerosol layer on top with a top height of 2.5–5 km height asl was generally observed. A case study of a Beijing haze plume is presented to document the drastic changes in the environmental conditions over the background monitoring station during the passage of a strong haze front. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and extinction coefficients increased from 0.2 to 1.2 and from 200 Mm−1 to 1000 Mm−1, respectively, within less than two hours. The statistical analysis revealed layer mean extinction coefficients of the haze layer most frequently from 200–600 Mm−1 and typically from 50–100 Mm−1in the elevated layer. The AOD ranged from about 0.3 for northerly air flows to, on average, 0.95 during southerly air flows. The lidar ratio shows a narrow distribution peaking at 60 sr in the haze layer caused by anthropogenic fine‐mode aerosol and a broad distribution from 40–90 sr in the elevated layer caused by the complex mixture of aged desert dust, biomass burning smoke, and industrial pollution over eastern Asia.
Obscurin and KCTD6 regulate cullin-dependent small ankyrin-1 (sAnk1.5) protein turnover
Authors: Lange Stephan , Perera Sue , Teh Phildrich , Chen Ju 
Published: May 2012

Protein turnover through cullin-3 is tightly regulated by posttranslational modifications, the COP9 signalosome, and BTB/POZ-domain proteins that link cullin-3 to specific substrates for ubiquitylation. In this paper, we report how potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 6 (KCTD6) represents a novel substrate adaptor for cullin-3, effectively regulating protein levels of the muscle small ankyrin-1 isoform 5 (sAnk1.5).Binding of sAnk1.5 to KCTD6, and its subsequent turnover is regulated through posttranslational modification by nedd8, ubiquitin, and acetylation of C-terminal lysine residues. The presence of the sAnk1.5 binding partner obscurin, and mutation of lysine residues increased sAnk1.5 protein levels, as did knockdown of KCTD6 in cardiomyocytes. Obscurin knockout muscle displayed reduced sAnk1.5 levels and mislocalization of the sAnk1.5/KCTD6 complex. Scaffolding functions of obscurin may therefore prevent activation of the cullin-mediated protein degradation machinery and ubiquitylation of sAnk1.5 through sequestration of sAnk1.5/KCTD6 at the sarcomeric M-band, away from the Z-disk–associated cullin-3. The interaction of KCTD6 with ankyrin-1 may have implications beyond muscle for hereditary spherocytosis, as KCTD6 is also present in erythrocytes, and erythrocyte ankyrin isoforms contain its mapped minimal binding site.
Long‐term Care Financing in the United States: Sources and Institutions
Authors: Frank Richard G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper reviews the financing of long‐term services and supports (LTSS) in the United States. I characterize existing payment arrangements as incomplete insurance. The paper organizes existing literature on U.S. financing of LTSS and uses it to analyze the economic, policy and behavioral forces that underpin the observed equilibrium. I assess several sources of market failure and consider policy directions that are viable within the U.S. political environment.
Reforming Long‐term Care Funding Arrangements in England: International Lessons
Authors: Fernandez Jose‐Luis , Forder Julien 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEver since the failed 1999 Royal Commission, England has been attempting to reform its long‐term care funding system. More than a decade later, significant changes to the means tested arrangements are yet to be introduced, whilst the pressure to achieve long‐term reform mounts linked to increases in public expenditure and ever growing demand for better services. This paper examines the pros and cons of alternative options for reforming the English long‐term care funding arrangements by examining the rationale for and consequences of the recent long‐term care developments in Germany, Japan and France. In particular, the paper examines the implications of the reform options adopted in the different countries examined for equity and efficiency in the use of long‐term care resources and for the sustainability of the long‐term care system as a whole.
Surgical Treatment of Isolated (Lone) Atrial Fibrillation with Gemini-S Ablation and Left Atrial Appendage Excision (GALAXY Procedure)
Authors: Doty John R. , Clayson Stephen E. 
Published: May 2012

Objective Surgical ablation with radiofrequency is a safe and effective treatment for atrial fibrillation. Recent advances in instrumentation have allowed for the application of bipolar radiofrequency through a minimally invasive approach using small bilateral thoracotomies for pulmonary vein isolation, destruction of autonomic ganglia, and excision of the left atrial appendage (GALAXY procedure). Methods Thirty-two patients underwent surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation with the GALAXY procedure over a 43-month period. Data were collected in a prospective manner during hospitalization and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals for rhythm, medications, and subsequent interventions. Results There were no operative mortality, no myocardial infarction, and no stroke. One patient required reexploration for bleeding. Mean follow-up was 28 months (range, 4–43 months). Freedom from atrial fibrillation at 12 and 24 months, respectively, was 90% and 67% for patients with paroxysmal fibrillation and 80% and 63% for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Of the patients who were not in sinus rhythm, four reverted to atrial fibrillation and two reverted to atrial flutter. Conclusions The GALAXY procedure is a safe and effective, minimally invasive method for treatment of isolated (lone) atrial fibrillation. The operation provides excellent short-term freedom from atrial fibrillation and should be considered in patients with isolated paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.
Poplar Extrafloral Nectaries: Two Types, Two Strategies of Indirect Defenses against Herbivores
Authors: Escalante-Pérez María , Jaborsky Mario , Lautner Silke , Fromm Jörg , Müller Tobias , Dittrich Marcus , Kunert Maritta , Boland Wilhelm , Hedrich Rainer , Ache Peter 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMany plant species grow extrafloral nectaries and produce nectar to attract carnivore arthropods as defenders against herbivores. Two nectary types that evolved with Populus trichocarpa (Ptr) and Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides (Ptt) were studied from their ecology down to the genes and molecules. Both nectary types strongly differ in morphology, nectar composition and mode of secretion, and defense strategy. In Ptt, nectaries represent constitutive organs with continuous merocrine nectar flow, nectary appearance, nectar production, and flow. In contrast, Ptr nectaries were found to be holocrine and inducible. Neither mechanical wounding nor the application of jasmonic acid, but infestation by sucking insects, induced Ptr nectar secretion. Thus, nectaries of Ptr and Ptt seem to answer the same threat by the use of different mechanisms.