bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for complications in patients undergoing myomectomy at the time of cesarean section
Authors: Kim Yun‐Sook , Choi Seung‐Do , Bae Dong‐Han 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for complications of myomectomy at cesarean section (CS).Methods:  The subjects were a non‐complicated group (n = 100) and a complicated group (n = 10) of patients aged between 20 and 43 years who underwent CS and simultaneous myomectomy at our institution from January 2006 until December 2008. Complications were defined as blood transfusion greater than three packed red blood cells, postoperative ileus, and two days longer than average hospitalization.Results:  The complicated group (n = 10) had (i) a myoma larger than 10 cm and no secondary change; and (ii) intramural myoma type.Conclusion:  Myomectomy during CS can be performed in selected cases, but some patients had significant complications like ileus and postoperative atonic bleeding.
Liver focal fatty changes at ultrasound after islet transplantation: an early sign of altered graft function?
Authors: Venturini M. , Angeli E. , Maffi P. , Losio C. , Pozzi P. , Paties C. , Cellina M. , De Cobelli F. , Fiorina P. , Secchi A. , Del Maschio A. 
Published: May 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 960–964 (2010)AbstractAims  Few longitudinal imaging studies of liver‐engrafted islets after islet transplantation are available for islet‐transplant‐alone (ITA) and islet‐after‐kidney (IAK) transplanted patients. Particularly controversial is the link between islet function and the appearance of islet‐induced liver focal fatty changes. Aims of this study were to assess liver focal fatty changes at ultrasound after islet transplantation and their relationship with islet function.Methods  The timing of first ultrasound detection of liver focal fatty changes and the prevalence and duration of these changes were assessed in 30 IAK transplanted patients, in five ITA patients and, retrospectively, in full‐, partial‐ and no‐function groups, according to islet function evaluated 1 year after transplantation. Patients with persistent ultrasound detected liver focal fatty changes underwent liver biopsy. Ultrasound positive and negative patients with functioning islets were compared for islet‐function and C‐peptide‐levels during the follow‐up. Variations of cholesterol/triglycerides and other metabolic parameters were also recorded at 1 year.Results  Liver focal fatty changes at ultrasound were found in 12 patients (10/30 IAK, 2/5 ITA). First detection was at 6 months in eight cases and at 12 months in four cases. Liver ultrasound changes were of more than 1 year duration in eight cases. Steatosis was found histologically in 8/8 patients. At 12 months, liver ultrasound changes were detected to a greater extent in patients with partial islet function (10/12, eight IAK, two ITA) compared with patients with full islet function. C‐peptide‐levels were significantly lower in ultrasound‐positive than in ultrasound‐negative patients. At 18 months, ultrasound‐ positive patients were more prone to worsening of their function (9/12) compared with ultrasound‐negative patients (3/18). No statistically significant differences of cholesterol/triglycerides levels were found in either the total number of patients or the IAK and ITA patients.Conclusions  Liver focal fatty changes at ultrasound (steatosis) after islet transplantation in IAK and ITA patients may represent an early sign of altered graft function.
Safe and rapid resolution of severe hypertriglyceridaemia in two patients with intravenous insulin
Authors: Triay J. M. , Day A. , Singhal P. 
Published: May 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1080–1083 (2010)AbstractAim  To rapidly reduce serum triglyceride to a safe serum level. Severe hypertriglyceridaemia is associated with uncontrolled diabetes, obesity and poor physical activity. Even moderate increases in triglyceride levels (> 5mmol/L) confer an increased risk of pancreatitis and coronary artery disease. We present two patients with diabetes and serum triglyceride levels of greater than 85mmol/L despite polypharmacy intervention.Method  72‐hour intravenous insulin infusion was administered.Results  Serum triglyceride levels fell to 9.4 and 4.6 mmol/L respectively, without adverse events and sustained effect over several months.Conclusion  We suggest the use of intravenous insulin infusion where lifestyle and oral drug therapies have failed can impact on severe hypertriglyceridaemia.
Collaborative nursing leadership project in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Spicer J.G. , Guo Y. , Liu H. , Hirsch J. , Zhao H. , Ma W. , Holzemer W. 
Published: May 2010

SPICER, J.G., GUO, Y., LIU, H., HIRSCH, J., ZHAO, H., MA, W. & HOLZEMER, W. (2010) Collaborative nursing leadership project in the People's Republic of China. International Nursing Review57, 180–187Background:  A nursing leadership project for directors of nursing (DONs) in China was implemented by the Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College, School of Nursing; Chinese Nurses' Association and University of California, San Francisco, School of Nursing.Aims:  The aims were: (1) to establish a leadership project, (2) to survey DONs on the perceived importance of role competencies, and (3) to develop an education program.Methods:  A survey was completed by the DONs on the importance of role competencies related to the forces of magnetism. The DONs rated their job satisfaction. Four leadership educational modules were developed.Findings:  The 28‐item survey was completed by 208 (68%) DONs from public tertiary hospitals who rated each item on a six‐point Likert scale. The mean scores of the items ranged from 4.29 [standard deviation (SD) 1.21] to 5.66 (SD 0.70), suggesting they felt that most were very important. DONs who reported higher job satisfaction perceived two dimensions of the forces (structural empowerment and exemplary professional practice) as significantly more important than those with lower job satisfaction. The greatest work challenge reported was shortage of nurses. The four educational modules were pilot tested with ten DONs in Beijing and they provided positive feedback.Conclusion:  The DONs perceived that the forces of magnetism competencies were important to their work settings in China. The modules were positively received and plans are underway to develop a train‐the‐trainer program.Study limitations:  While the instrument was developed for this study, the validity and reliability were demonstrated.
Growing together: a qualitative study of leading nurse scholars in Thailand
Authors: Turale S. , Klunklin A. , Chontawan R. 
Published: May 2010

TURALE S., KLUNKLIN A. & CHONTAWAN R. (2010) Growing together: a qualitative study of leading nurse scholars in Thailand. International Nursing Review57, 202–210Background:  Asia‐Pacific nursing education and research is growing but little is known about the nature and development of nursing scholarship in the region.Aim:  This qualitative study explored the perspectives of 14 leading Thai scholars about the development, facilitators and barriers relating to Thailand's nursing scholarship.Method:  In‐depth interviews were digitally recorded, and data were subjected to content analysis.Findings:  Five themes arose: (1) growing together, (2) visionary leadership, (3) external support to grow nurse scholars, (4) developing nursing through research, and (5) barriers to scholarship. A history of visionary nursing leadership was revealed, underpinned by leaders' values of growing nursing together. Resource sharing among universities, and a significant number of scholarships for study abroad were major facilitators of scholarship growth. Barriers to scholarship included high teaching loads, especially for newly graduated faculty; a low rate of research publications; not enough mentorship for research and changes to teaching practice; and a wide range of different agencies providing courses for entry to practice.Conclusions:  Scholarship development in Thailand is a role model for a number of South‐East Asian countries, with inclusiveness and collaboration to facilitate the growth of nursing education inside and outside of the country as a hallmark of its character. However, against a backdrop of nursing shortages, Thai scholars are challenged, in the future, to produce meaningful research outcomes, including publications of studies; to collaborate with other health professionals; change practices to overcome high teaching loads; and provide the much needed mentorship for young scholars.
Life experiences after stroke among Iranian stroke survivors
Authors: Dalvandi A. , Heikkilä K. , Maddah S.S.B. , Khankeh H.R. , Ekman S.L. 
Published: May 2010

DALVANDI A., HEIKKILÄ K., MADDAH S.S.B., KHANKEH H.R. & EKMAN S.L. (2010) Life experiences after stroke among Iranian stroke survivors. International Nursing Review57, 247–253Background:  Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide. It is a life‐threatening and life‐altering event, which leaves many physical and mental disabilities, thus creating major social and economic burdens. Experiencing a stroke and its aftermath can be devastating for patients and their families. In Iran, many services are not available for those who lack property; this may result in many difficulties and long‐term problems for stroke survivors and their family members who are usually the main caregivers in Iranian cultural. Despite its effect on their lives, little is known about how the survivors perceive stroke in the Iranian context, therefore, knowing more about this process may enhance problem identification and problem solving.Aim:  To illuminate how stroke survivors experience and perceive life after stroke.Method:  A grounded theory approach was recruited using semi‐structured interviews with 10 stroke survivors.Findings:  The survivors perceived that inadequate social and financial support, lack of an educational plan, lack of access to rehabilitative services, physical and psychological problems led them to functional disturbances, poor socio‐economical situation and life disintegration. The core concept of life after stroke was functional disturbances.Conclusions:  The study shows the need to support the stroke survivors in their coping process with their new situation by providing appropriate discharge plans, social and financial support, social insurances and training programmes for the stroke survivors and their families.
Development of community nursing in Zhejiang Province, China: a report of the driving measures
Authors: Fu W. , Bao J. , Meng J. 
Published: May 2010

FU W., BAO J. & MENG J. (2010) Development of community nursing in Zhejiang Province, China: a report of the driving measures. International Nursing Review57, 265–268Background:  Community nursing is playing an important role in health care worldwide.Methods:  We reviewed recent developments in community nursing in the Zhejiang province of China and reported that the locally tailored practical guidelines, education programmes and management models are the driving measures for promoting local community nursing.Results:  In 2008, Zhejiang had 1200 community primary health‐care service centres, an increase of 56% and 6789 service stations, a twofold increase, compared with 2004. At present, 27 000 community nurses, together with the same number of family doctors, are working in community health‐care service centres and stations. Community nursing in Zhejiang has grown not only by numbers but also by the greatly improved infrastructures and functions of its community primary health care.Conclusion:  It is the multi‐pronged approach that has led to the change being successful in a local health‐care system.
Behaviours used by HIV‐positive adolescents to prevent stigmatization in Botswana
Authors: Thupayagale‐Tshweneagae G. 
Published: May 2010

THUPAYAGALE‐TSHWENEAGAE G. (2010) Behaviours used by HIV‐positive adolescents to prevent stigmatization in Botswana. International Nursing Review57, 260–264Background:  The increasing numbers of adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are a compelling public health issue, and interventions are more likely to be effective if developed from the perspective of those adolescents. Despite the prevalence of HIV in Botswana, stigmatization is a common occurrence.Aim:  The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings of a study undertaken to describe adolescents' perceptions in Botswana on the behaviours that HIV‐positive adolescents use in dealing with stigmatization.Method:  Four focus group discussions were held with 18 adolescents.Findings:  Adhering to AIDS therapies, seeking early treatment for common conditions and keeping silent about their diagnosis were the major findings of the study.Conclusion:  The findings have implications for both policy makers and health care practitioners.
LITERATURE, HISTORY AND THE HUMANIZATION OF BIOETHICS
Authors: EMMERICH NATHAN 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the disciplines of literature and history and the contributions each makes to the discourse of bioethics. In each case I note the pedagogic ends that can be enacted though the appropriate use of the each of these disciplines in the sphere of medical education, particularly in the medical ethics classroom.1 I then explore the contribution that both these disciplines and their respective methodologies can and do bring to the academic field of bioethics. I conclude with a brief consideration of the relations between literature and history with particular attention to the possibilities for a future bioethics informed by history and literature after the empirical turn.
UNINFORMED CONSENT: MASS SCREENING FOR PROSTATE CANCER
Authors: JUSTMAN STEWART 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTWhile medicine may agree in principle that cancer screening requires informed consent, such consent is not, in fact, common practice. In the case of prostate‐cancer screening this means that men in large numbers undergo PSA testing with little understanding of its liabilities – in particular, that it may or may not decrease mortality, often detects cancer of questionable significance, and may lead to unnecessary surgery. Given that prostate cancer is known to be overtreated and that family history is a risk factor, it follows that a man diagnosed with prostate cancer, even if it is of no clinical significance, automatically promotes his son into the high‐risk category; and given that those so categorized are subject to heightened medical surveillance and that the more diligently medicine searches for prostate cancer the more likely it is to find it, it follows that the sons of men diagnosed as a result of PSA testing are at risk of being overdiagnosed (and overtreated) precisely because their father was. Twenty years into the PSA revolution, its generational consequences have not been discussed in the medical literature.
Institutions and the Management of Human Resources: Incentive Pay Systems in France and Great Britain
Authors: Marsden David , Belfield Richard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractUsing data from large‐scale establishment surveys in Britain and France, we show that incentive pay for non‐managers is more widespread in France than in Britain. We explain this finding in terms of the ‘beneficial constraint’ arising from stronger employment protection in France, which provides an impulse to develop incentive pay; employer networking activities in France, which facilitate joint learning about its development and operation; and government fiscal incentives for profit‐sharing, which reduce the cost of its operation.
Restructuring Managerial Labour in the USA, the UK and Japan: Challenging the Salience of ‘Varieties of Capitalism’
Authors: McCann Leo , Hassard John , Morris Jonathan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article provides a cross‐national, qualitative investigation into the experiences of middle managers in large organizations in the USA, the UK and Japan, following organizational restructuring. Despite well‐documented national differences in administrative heritage, institutional regimes or ‘varieties of capitalism’, our data point towards considerable similitude across the three countries in terms of a general expression of the need for change, and the concrete impacts of organizational reforms on managerial work. Specifically we analyse the changing nature of work roles, career paths, working hours and spans of control of mid‐level managers in five large firms in each of the three countries. The data demonstrate that middle managers in all three countries face fundamental changes to key areas of their work experience. In Japan, although changes do not amount to a genuine shift towards ‘Anglo‐Saxon’ institutions or business practices, the robust use of organizational reforms with very similar aims and underpinning assumptions to those used in the USA and the UK entails similar impacts in terms of work processes of middle managers across the three nations. This shared experience involved the augmentation of middle management skill levels, responsibilities and span of control, but alongside the downgrading of career expectations, and increased workload and work intensity. We argue that these changes are in keeping with some, but not all, of the features explained and predicted in Bravermanian labour process theory.
An Econometric Analysis of Dividends and Share Repurchases by US Firms
Authors: Bhargava Alok 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe paper analyses longitudinal Compustat data on dividend payments and share repurchases of over 2000 US industrial firms by using 2-yearly averages for the period 1992–2007. First, dynamic auto-regressive models for dividends and share repurchases were estimated by maximum likelihood to yield consistent and efficient estimates. Second, because firms pay dividends at different rates, comprehensive dynamic and static random-effects models for dividends were estimated. Third, models were estimated for share repurchases and the interrelationships between dividends and repurchases were investigated, tackling endogeneity issues. The results showed that dividend decisions are likely to precede those regarding share repurchases, and higher dividend payments decreased the magnitudes of repurchases; the effects of repurchases on dividends were generally insignificant.
Late‐Quaternary palaeoclimatic research in Fennoscandia – A historical review
Authors: BIRKS H. JOHN B. , SEPPÄ HEIKKI 
Published: May 2010

Birks, H. J. B. & Seppä, H. 2010: Late‐Quaternary palaeoclimatic research in Fennoscandia – A historical review. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 655–673. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010.00160.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.Ideas and understanding of Late‐Quaternary climatic history, especially in the Lateglacial and the postglacial, were initiated in Fennoscandia in the 19th century with pioneering studies on peat stratigraphy, megafossils and macrofossils. This review traces the history of palaeoclimatic research and the development of current ideas about climatic changes, with particular reference to the Lateglacial and its rapid climatic fluctuations, such as the Younger Dryas period, and to the Holocene, with its thermal maximum and shifts in precipitation.
Changes in Sensation Seeking and Risk‐Taking Propensity Predict Increases in Alcohol Use Among Early Adolescents
Authors: MacPherson Laura , Magidson Jessica F. , Reynolds Elizabeth K. , Kahler Christopher W. , Lejuez C. W. 
Published: May 2010

Background:  Conceptual models implicating disinhibitory traits often are applied to understanding emergent alcohol use, but, little is known of how inter‐individual changes in these constructs relate to increases in alcohol use in early adolescence. The current study utilized behavioral and self‐report instruments to capture the disinhibitory‐based constructs of sensation seeking and risk‐taking propensity to examine if increases in these constructs over time related to increases in early adolescent alcohol use.Methods:  Participants included a community sample of 257 early adolescents (aged 9 to 12) who completed a self‐report measure of sensation seeking, a behavioral task assessing risk‐taking propensity, and a self‐report of past year alcohol use, at 3 annual assessment waves.Results:  Both sensation seeking and risk‐taking propensity demonstrated significant increases over time, with additional evidence that change in the behavioral measure of risk‐taking propensity was not because of practice effects. Greater sensation seeking and greater risk‐taking propensity demonstrated concurrent relationships with past year alcohol use at each assessment wave. Prospective analyses indicated that after accounting for initial levels of alcohol use, sensation seeking, and risk‐taking propensity at the first assessment wave, larger increases in both constructs predicted greater odds of alcohol use at subsequent assessment waves.Conclusions:  Results indicate the role of individual changes in disinhibitory traits in initial alcohol use in early adolescents. Specifically, findings suggest it is not simply initial levels of sensation seeking and risk‐taking propensity that contribute to subsequent alcohol use but in particular increases in each of these constructs that predict greater odds of use. Future work should continue to assess the development of sensation seeking and risk‐taking propensity in early adolescence and target these constructs in interventions as a potential means to reduce adolescent alcohol use.
Hepatitis C infection in hemodialysis patients in Iran: A systematic review
Authors: ALAVIAN Seyed‐Moayed , KABIR Ali , AHMADI Amir Bahrami , LANKARANI Kamran Bagheri , SHAHBABAIE Mohammad Ali , AHMADZAD‐ASL Masoud 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHemodialysis (HD) patients are recognized as one of the high‐risk groups for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The prevalence of HCV infection varies widely between 5.5% and 24% among different Iranian populations. Preventive programs for reducing HCV infection prevalence in these patients require accurate information. In the present study, we estimated HCV infection prevalence in Iranian HD patients. In this systematic review, we collected all published and unpublished documents related to HCV infection prevalence in Iranian HD patients from April 2001 to March 2008. We selected descriptive/analytic cross‐sectional studies/surveys that have sufficiently declared objectives, a proper sampling method with identical and valid measurement instruments for all study subjects, and proper analysis methods regarding sampling design and demographic adjustments. We used a meta‐analysis method to calculate nationwide prevalence estimation. Eighteen studies from 12 provinces (consisting 49.02% of the Iranian total population) reported the prevalence of HCV infection in Iranian HD patients. The HCV infection prevalence in Iranian HD patients is 7.61% (95% confidence interval: 6.06–9.16%) with the recombinant immunoblot assay method. Iran is among countries with low HCV infection prevalence in HD patients.