bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning and deep learning to identifying subarachnoid haemorrhage macrophage‐associated biomarkers by bulk and single‐cell sequencing
Authors: Yang Sha , Hu Yunjia , Wang Xiang , Deng Mei , Ma Jun , Hao Yin , Ran Zhongying , Luo Tao , Han Guoqiang , Xiang Xin , Liu Jian , Shi Hui , Tan Ying 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe investigated subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) macrophage subpopulations and identified relevant key genes for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. SAH rat models were established, and brain tissue samples underwent single‐cell transcriptome sequencing and bulk RNA‐seq. Using single‐cell data, distinct macrophage subpopulations, including a unique SAH subset, were identified. The hdWGCNA method revealed 160 key macrophage‐related genes. Univariate analysis and lasso regression selected 10 genes for constructing a diagnostic model. Machine learning algorithms facilitated model development. Cellular infiltration was assessed using the MCPcounter algorithm, and a heatmap integrated cell abundance and gene expression. A 3 × 3 convolutional neural network created an additional diagnostic model, while molecular docking identified potential drugs. The diagnostic model based on the 10 selected genes achieved excellent performance, with an AUC of 1 in both training and validation datasets. The heatmap, combining cell abundance and gene expression, provided insights into SAH cellular composition. The convolutional neural network model exhibited a sensitivity and specificity of 1 in both datasets. Additionally, CD14, GPNMB, SPP1 and PRDX5 were specifically expressed in SAH‐associated macrophages, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. Network pharmacology analysis identified some targeting drugs for SAH treatment. Our study characterised SAH macrophage subpopulations and identified key associated genes. We developed a robust diagnostic model and recognised CD14, GPNMB, SPP1 and PRDX5 as potential therapeutic targets. Further experiments and clinical investigations are needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical implications of targets in SAH treatment.
Ependymal cells undergo astrocyte‐like reactivity in response to neuroinflammation
Authors: Groh Adam M. R. , Caporicci‐Dinucci Nina , Afanasiev Elia , Bigotte Maxime , Lu Brianna , Gertsvolf Joshua , Smith Matthew D. , Garton Thomas , Callahan‐Martin Liam , Allot Alexis , Hatrock Dale J. , Mamane Victoria , Drake Sienna , Tai Huilin , Ding Jun , Fournier Alyson E. , Larochelle Catherine , Calabresi Peter A. , Stratton Jo Anne 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEpendymal cells form a specialized brain–cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface and regulate local CSF microcirculation. It is becoming increasingly recognized that ependymal cells assume a reactive state in response to aging and disease, including conditions involving hypoxia, hydrocephalus, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Yet what transcriptional signatures govern these reactive states and whether this reactivity shares any similarities with classical descriptions of glial reactivity (i.e., in astrocytes) remain largely unexplored. Using single‐cell transcriptomics, we interrogated this phenomenon by directly comparing the reactive ependymal cell transcriptome to the reactive astrocyte transcriptome using a well‐established model of autoimmune‐mediated neuroinflammation (MOG35‐55 EAE). In doing so, we unveiled core glial reactivity‐associated genes that defined the reactive ependymal cell and astrocyte response to MOG35‐55 EAE. Interestingly, known reactive astrocyte genes from other CNS injury/disease contexts were also up‐regulated by MOG35‐55 EAE ependymal cells, suggesting that this state may be conserved in response to a variety of pathologies. We were also able to recapitulate features of the reactive ependymal cell state acutely using a classic neuroinflammatory cocktail (IFNγ/LPS) both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, by comparing reactive ependymal cells and astrocytes, we identified a conserved signature underlying glial reactivity that was present in several neuroinflammatory contexts. Future work will explore the mechanisms driving ependymal reactivity and assess downstream functional consequences.image
Moral disengagement and neutralization techniques as explanations of unethical behavior
Authors: McCormack Robyn , Chowdhury Rafi M. M. I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEthical consumption is important for both consumers and social welfare. However, many consumers avoid or ignore ethical consumption practices. An explanation of the psychological processes that impede ethical behavior is important research. A survey of 436 American consumers reveals that various types of moral disengagement (behavior and victim loci) and neutralization techniques sequentially explain unethical consumer behavior. From a theoretical perspective, both these constructs are relevant in this context, yet prior research utilizes these constructs separately or conflates them. Moreover, findings show that a particular type of moral disengagement, the agency locus, paradoxically promotes ethical consumer behavior. This research also examines locus of control (chance) and trait cynicism as antecedents of unethical consumer behavior. Locus of control (chance), not trait cynicism, leads to less ethical consumer behavior through moral disengagement and neutralization techniques. Insights benefit consumers, marketers, and policymakers in promoting ethical consumption that enhances consumer well‐being.
Biocentric Work in the Anthropocene: How Actors Regenerate Degenerated Natural Commons
Authors: Albareda Laura , Branzei Oana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs natural commons vital to selves, organizations, and institutions collapse under cumulative anthropogenic pressures, can human agency still reverse some of the damage already done? This article explores how emerging forms of social symbolic work regenerate degenerated natural commons. Using a five‐year multi‐sited immersive ethnography of natural commons that had collapsed, we explain how actors (re)turn to the biophysical roots of socio‐ecological systems to take care, work with, and care for nature. We show how actors’ comprehension develops over time by connecting their social‐symbolic construction of natural commons post collapse with three sets of practices we label biomanipulation, biofacilitation, and bioaffiliation. We inductively theorize biocentric work as a processual form of social‐symbolic work that connects three cycles of material abduction, relational intercession, and discursive grounding. Our tri‐cyclical process model underscores the biophysical foundations of social‐symbolic work in the Anthropocene by explicitly and iteratively situating self, organizations and institutions in the states and dynamics of natural commons.
Kelps may compensate for low nitrate availability by using regenerated forms of nitrogen, including urea and ammonium
Authors: Lees Lauren E. , Jordan Sydney N. Z. , Bracken Matthew E. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNitrate, the form of nitrogen often associated with kelp growth, is typically low in summer during periods of high macroalgal growth. More ephemeral, regenerated forms of nitrogen, such as ammonium and urea, are much less studied as sources of nitrogen for kelps, despite the relatively high concentrations of regenerated nitrogen found in the Southern California Bight, where kelps are common. To assess how nitrogen uptake by kelps varies by species and nitrogen form in southern California, USA, we measured uptake rates of nitrate, ammonium, and urea by Macrocystis pyrifera and Eisenia arborea individuals from four regions characterized by differences in nitrogen availability—Orange County, San Pedro, eastern Santa Catalina Island, and western Santa Catalina Island—during the summers of 2021 and 2022. Seawater samples collected at each location showed that overall nitrogen availability was low, but ammonium and urea were often more abundant than nitrate. We also quantified the internal %nitrogen of each kelp blade collected, which was positively associated with ambient environmental nitrogen concentrations at the time of collection. We observed that both kelp species readily took up nitrate, ammonium, and urea, with M. pyrifera taking up nitrate and ammonium more efficiently than E. arborea. Urea uptake efficiency for both species increased as internal percent nitrogen decreased. Our results indicate that lesser‐studied, more ephemeral forms of nitrogen can readily be taken up by these kelps, with possible upregulation of urea uptake as nitrogen availability declines.
Study on the evaluation method of cigarette astringency in the simulated oral environment
Authors: Song Xiaofei , Qian Shanhua , Li Hui , Shen Yujun , Bian Da , Shan Kai , Shi Jingquan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCigarettes with pronounced astringency can diminish consumers' enjoyment. However, due to the complex composition of cigarettes, quantifying astringency intensity accurately has been challenging. To address this, research was conducted to develop a method for assessing astringency intensity in a simulated oral environment. The astringency intensity of four cigarette brands was determined using the standard sensory evaluation method. The mainstream smoke absorbing solution (MS) was prepared by simulating the cigarette smoking process, and its physicochemical properties (such as total phenol content and pH levels) were analyzed. The lubrication properties of the five solutions were tested using the MFT‐5000 wear tester, and factors influencing cigarette astringency were examined. The findings showed that total phenol content and pH of MS were positively and negatively correlated with astringency intensity, respectively. Particularly, the lubrication properties of MS were significantly correlated with astringency intensity, and the correlation coefficient was affected by load and speed during testing. The study concluded that coefficient of friction was a more reliable measure for assessing the extent of astringency in cigarettes than the total phenol content and pH of MS, offering new insights into astringency evaluation and development of high‐grade cigarettes.
Thy‐1 restricts steatosis and liver fibrosis in steatotic liver disease
Authors: Blank Valentin , Karlas Thomas , Anderegg Ulf , Wiegand Johannes , Arnold Josi , Bundalian Linnaeus , Le Duc Gabriela‐Diana , Körner Christiane , Ebert Thomas , Saalbach Anja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSteatotic liver disease (SLD) is generally considered to represent a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and includes a disease spectrum comprising isolated steatosis, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. A better understanding of the detailed underlying pathogenic mechanisms of this transition is crucial for the design of new and efficient therapeutic interventions. Thymocyte differentiation antigen (Thy‐1, also known as CD90) expression on fibroblasts controls central functions relevant to fibrogenesis, including proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine responsiveness, and myofibroblast differentiation.MethodsThe impact of Thy‐1 on the development of SLD and progression to fibrosis was investigated in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced SLD wild‐type and Thy‐1‐deficient mice. In addition, the serum soluble Thy‐1 (sThy‐1) concentration was analysed in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated SLD stratified according to steatosis, inflammation, or liver fibrosis using noninvasive markers.ResultsWe demonstrated that Thy‐1 attenuates the development of fatty liver and the expression of profibrogenic genes in the livers of HFD‐induced SLD mice. Mechanistically, Thy‐1 directly inhibits the profibrotic activation of nonparenchymal liver cells. In addition, Thy‐1 prevents palmitic acid‐mediated amplification of the inflammatory response of myeloid cells, which might indirectly contribute to the pronounced development of liver fibrosis in Thy‐1‐deficient mice. Serum analysis of patients with metabolically associated steatotic liver disease syndrome revealed that sThy‐1 expression is correlated with liver fibrosis status, as assessed by liver stiffness, the Fib4 score, and the NAFLD fibrosis score.ConclusionOur data strongly suggest that Thy‐1 may function as a fibrosis‐protective factor in mouse and human SLD.
Experimental evidence that root‐associated fungi improve plant growth at high altitude
Authors: Burg Skylar , Ovaskainen Otso , Furneaux Brendan , Ivanova Natalia , Abrahamyan Arusyak , Niittynen Pekka , Somervuo Panu , Abrego Nerea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUnravelling how species communities change along environmental gradients requires a dual understanding: the direct responses of the species to their abiotic surroundings and the indirect variation of these responses through biotic interactions. Here, we focus on the interactive relationships between plants and their symbiotic root‐associated fungi (RAF) along stressful abiotic gradients. We investigate whether variations in RAF community composition along altitudinal gradients influence plant growth at high altitudes, where both plants and fungi face harsher abiotic conditions. We established a translocation experiment between pairs of Bistorta vivipara populations across altitudinal gradients. To separate the impact of shifting fungal communities from the overall influence of changing abiotic conditions, we used a root barrier to prevent new colonization by RAF following translocation. To characterize the RAF communities, we applied DNA barcoding to the root samples. Through the utilization of joint species distribution modelling, we assessed the relationship between changes in plant functional traits resulting from experimental treatments and the corresponding changes in the RAF communities. Our findings indicate that RAF communities influence plant responses to stressful abiotic conditions. Plants translocated from low to high altitudes grew more when they were able to associate with the resident high‐altitude RAF compared to those plants that were not allowed to associate with the resident RAF. We conclude that interactions with RAF impact how plants respond to stressful abiotic conditions. Our results provide experimental support that interactions with RAF improve plant stress tolerance to altitudinal stressors such as colder temperatures and less nutrient availability.
Sacral neuromodulation in children and adolescents with defecation disorders
Authors: Besendörfer Manuel , Knorr Christian , Kirchgatter Annemarie , Müller Hanna , Reis Wolfertstetter Patricia , Matzel Klaus E. , Diez Sonja 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEven if understanding of neuronal enteropathies, such as Hirschsprung's disease and functional constipation, has been improved, specialized therapies are still missing. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has been established in the treatment of defecation disorders in adults. The aim of the study was to investigate effects of SNM in children and adolescents with refractory symptoms of chronic constipation.MethodsA two‐centered, prospective trial has been conducted between 2019 and 2022. SNM was applied continuously at individually set stimulation intensity. Evaluation of clinical outcomes was conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery based on the developed questionnaires and quality of life analysis (KINDLR). Primary outcome was assessed based on predefined variables of fecal incontinence and defecation frequency.Key ResultsFifteen patients enrolled in the study and underwent SNM (median age 8.0 years (range 4–17 years)): eight patients were diagnosed with Hirschsprung's disease (53%). Improvement of defecation frequency was seen in 8/15 participants (53%) and an improvement of fecal incontinence in 9/12 patients (75%). We observed stable outcome after 1 year of treatment. Surgical revision was necessary in one patient after electrode breakage. Urinary incontinence was observed as singular side effect of treatment in two patients (13%), which was manageable with the reduction of stimulation intensity.ConclusionsSNM shows promising clinical results in children and adolescents presenting with chronic constipation refractory to conservative therapy. Indications for patients with enteral neuropathies deserve further confirmation.
Net O2 exchange rates under dark and light conditions across different stem compartments
Authors: Natale Sara , Peralta Ogorek Lucas Léon , Caracciolo Ludovico , Morosinotto Tomas , van Amerongen Herbert , Casolo Valentino , Pedersen Ole , Nardini Andrea 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Woody plants display some photosynthetic activity in stems, but the biological role of stem photosynthesis and the specific contributions of bark and wood to carbon uptake and oxygen evolution remain poorly understood.

We aimed to elucidate the functional characteristics of chloroplasts in stems of different ages in Fraxinus ornus. Our investigation employed diverse experimental approaches, including microsensor technology to assess oxygen production rates in whole stem, bark, and wood separately. Additionally, we utilized fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to characterize the relative abundance of photosystems I and II (PSI : PSII chlorophyll ratio) in bark and wood.

Our findings revealed light‐induced increases in O2 production in whole stem, bark, and wood. We present the radial profile of O2 production in F. ornus stems, demonstrating the capability of stem chloroplasts to perform light‐dependent electron transport. Younger stems exhibited higher light‐induced O2 production and dark respiration rates than older ones.

While bark emerged as the primary contributor to net O2 production under light conditions, our data underscored that wood chloroplasts are also photosynthetically active. The FLIM analysis unveiled a lower PSI abundance in wood than in bark, suggesting stem chloroplasts are not only active but also acclimate to the spectral composition of light reaching inner compartments.
Casein kinase 1 AELs promote senescence by enhancing ethylene biosynthesis through phosphorylating WRKY22 transcription factor
Authors: Zhu Guo‐Qing , Qu Li , Xue Hong‐Wei 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Leaf senescence is a complex process regulated by developmental and environmental factors, and plays a pivotal role in the development and life cycle of higher plants. Casein kinase 1 (CK1) is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes and functions in various cellular processes including cell proliferation, light signaling and hormone effects of plants. However, the biological function of CK1 in plant senescence remains unclear.

Through systemic genetic and biochemical studies, we here characterized the function of Arabidopsis EL1‐like (AEL), a CK1, in promoting leaf senescence by stimulating ethylene biosynthesis through phosphorylating transcription factor WRKY22. Seedlings lacking or overexpressing AELs presented delayed or accelerated leaf senescence, respectively.

AELs interact with and phosphorylate WRKY22 at Thr57, Thr60 and Ser69 residues to enhance whose transactivation activity. Being consistent, increased or suppressed phosphorylation of WRKY22 resulted in the promoted or delayed leaf senescence. WRKY22 directly binds to promoter region and stimulates the transcription of 1‐amino‐cyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate synthase 7 gene to promote ethylene level and hence leaf senescence.

Our studies demonstrated the crucial role of AEL‐mediated phosphorylation in regulating ethylene biosynthesis and promoting leaf senescence by enhancing WRKY22 transactivation activity, which helps to elucidate the fine‐controlled ethylene biosynthesis and regulatory network of leaf senescence.
Optimizing pediatric liver transplantation: Evaluating the impact of donor age and graft type on patient survival outcome
Authors: Kwon Yong K. , Valentino Pamela L. , Healey Patrick J. , Dick Andre A. S. , Hsu Evelyn K. , Perkins James D. , Sturdevant Mark L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the combined effects of donor age and graft type on pediatric liver transplantation outcomes with an aim to offer insights into the strategic utilization of these donor and graft options.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted using a national database on 0–2‐year‐old (N = 2714) and 3–17‐year‐old (N = 2263) pediatric recipients. These recipients were categorized based on donor age (≥40 vs <40 years) and graft type. Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards models, followed by an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis to examine overall patient survival.ResultsLiving and younger donors generally resulted in better outcomes compared to deceased and older donors, respectively. This difference was more significant among younger recipients (0–2 years compared to 3–17 years). Despite this finding, ITT survival analysis showed that donor age and graft type did not impact survival with the exception of 0–2‐year‐old recipients who had an improved survival with a younger living donor graft.ConclusionsTimely transplantation has the largest impact on survival in pediatric recipients. Improving waitlist mortality requires uniform surgical expertise at many transplant centers to provide technical variant graft (TVG) options and shed the conservative mindset of seeking only the “best” graft for pediatric recipients.
The use of once‐daily LCP‐Tacrolimus with adolescent and young adult solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Householder Sarah , Ramakrishnan Adarsh , Chen Justin K. , Gorsch Lindsey , Tsapepas Demetra , Lobritto Steven , Rundle Anna , Vittorio Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent and young adult (AYA) solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients experience increased rates of rejection and graft loss surrounding the time of health care transition, in part due to poor medication adherence. This study aims to examine the impact of a once‐daily formulation of tacrolimus, LCP‐tacrolimus (LCPT), on medication adherence for AYA SOT patients.MethodsA retrospective descriptive analysis was performed for all patients who underwent SOT and were prescribed LCPT after the age of 12 at our single‐center pediatric hospital. Medication adherence was assessed via provider documentation and the medication level variability index (MLVI).ResultsTwenty‐nine patients were prescribed LCPT as part of their immunosuppression regimen. Twenty patients were converted to LCPT from immediate‐acting (IR) tacrolimus; six patients were initiated immediately following transplant, and three patients were unable to receive LCPT due to insurance denial. There was a numeric improvement in medication adherence for converted patients when measured by provider assessment (45.0% vs. 68.4%, p = .140) and MLVI (40.0% vs. 71.4%, p = .276), though these did not reach statistical significance. There were no differences in episodes of rejection or adverse effects. LCPT prescription was not associated with decreased medication burden, and two patients transitioned back to IR tacrolimus due to increased cost.ConclusionsLCPT use did not significantly improve patient adherence; however, it resulted in numerically higher perceived and measured adherence rates. LCPT appears to be safe and effective in the management of SOT recipients; however, it may not affect pill burden and may result in a higher financial burden. Use may be considered for a select group of AYA SOT recipients.