bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_266A: Epidemiological Factors and Patterns of Unintentional Injuries In Children (0-14years), Admitted At A Tertiary Health Care Center, Jabalpur M.P
Authors: Raghuwanshi Rishika , Tiwari Rajesh , Tomar Akanksha 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Injuries are a leading cause of mortality among children, responsible for roughly one million deaths worldwide annually. Unintentional Injuries constitutes 90% of these. Southeast Asian region contributes to about one-third of all global injuries but there is paucity of data from our setting

Objective:
To describe the pattern, epidemiological factors and outcome of unintentional injuries among children aged 0-14 years reporting at a Tertiary Care Centre.

Methodology:
A prospective observational study was done among children with unintentional injuries admitted under NSCB medical college and hospital, Jabalpur, between Sep-Oct 2023. All children age.

Results:
Out of 66 cases admitted, majority were males (53.03% vs 46.97% females). Among all, animal related injuries were highest, followed by fall- related, road-traffic accidents, burn, trauma, poisoning and drowning. In-hospital mortality (12%) was reported among very few. Most common age group affected was 11-14 years and least among infants. Most of the injuries were occurred in home (50%) followed by streets & highways (30%). One third of all were polytraumatic cases. In RTA pillion rider were commonly get injury than front riders and walkers.

Conclusion:
The results can help in designing injury prevention strategies and awareness programs in similar settings.
IJCM_267A: Using VARK Questionnaire for Assessing Preferred Learning Styles of Undergraduate Medical Students – A Cross Sectional Study.
Authors: Gangashetti Amruta , Kirte Rahul 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Students differ in their preferred methods of acquiring, processing, and recalling new information. Learning styles are of the factors influencing academic achievement. The learning style is defined as a combination of cognitive, emotional, and physiological traits that show how the learner perceives and responds to the learning environment. There are very few studies that have assessed learning styles in India. Hence, the present study was undertaken.

Objective:
The present study aimed to assess the diversity of learning styles among undergraduate medical students

Methodology:
This was a cross sectional study. The visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire was administered to 210 students of second and third year MBBS students of Raichur institute of Medical Sciences. Duration of the study was for 1 month. Predesigned, pretested and structured VARK questionnaire version 8.01 containing 16 questions was used as the study tool. The questionnaire was distributed among students in a single page printed format. The consent form assured that denial of taking part in the study will not hamper the student’s academic result and other curricular activities

Results:
In our study, Data collected were evaluated according to proposed evaluation guideline dividing into 4 predominant groups namely ‘V’, ‘A’, ‘R’, ‘K’. Total 210 students, (Male=100, Female=110), response rate 100%, aged between 19-24 years participated, among which females were ‘R’ and males ‘K’ predominant..

Conclusion:
The preferred learning styles of medical students in the present study were reading/writing and kinesthetic. It is suggested that all medical students must be tested to determine their desired learning styles by using VARK questionnaire, also to choose appropriate teaching methods and to improve educational goals
IJCM_270A: Neck circumference as a potential predictor of blood pressure: An exploratory Case Control Study
Authors: Jain Animesh , Singhal Deepak , Patidar Shubham , Jain Rishav , Chandra Vernica , Baranwal Nihit 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Hypertension (HTN) poses a substantial health challenge globally, affecting nearly one billion people. Due to its silent nature, early detection is crucial to prevent end-organ damage. Recent studies suggest a correlation between hypertension and upper body subcutaneous fat accumulation, particularly in the neck circumference (NC). This anthropometric measure is proposed as practical surrogate for assessing visceral obesity, surpassing traditional measures like waist circumference.

Objectives:
To correlate Neck Circumference (NC) with blood pressure in adults and to correlate other risk factors of HTN with NC.

Methodology:
This Case Control Study was conducted at Government Wenlock Hospital, KMC Attavar, and KMC outreach clinics. The study population included hypertensive cases and non-hypertensive controls, with a sample size of 110 in each group. Participants above 25 years of age were included, and those with specific conditions were excluded. Mercury Sphygmomanometer, Stethoscope, Flexible measuring tape, and Weighing scale were used as study instruments.

Results:
Overall, 79.5% of individuals with NC > median consumed a non- vegetarian diet, and those with high salt intake were 1.42 times more likely to develop HTN. Although not statistically significant, 53% of those with a high cholesterol diet had NC greater than median. The study emphasizes the need for larger sample sizes for more conclusive results.

Conclusion:
The study establishes a positive correlation between blood pressure and NC, proposing NC as a practical and socially acceptable anthropometric marker. The non-invasive nature and simplicity of NC measurement make it a feasible tool for routine assessment, potentially impacting hypertension guidelines.
IJCM_271A: Concerns and Considerations of Using Artificial Intelligence in Research: A Qualitative Exploration among Public Health Residents in Kolkata
Authors: Surendran Sujith 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has undeniably revolutionized various domains worldwide. AIs emergence has sparked significant interest from public health research domain due to its transformative potential. Thus, understanding its impact from the grass-root level: perspectives of the young research students, training in the field of public health is crucial.

Objective:
To explore the perceptions regarding the concerns and considerations for use of AI tools in research among students of a public health institute in Kolkata

Methodology:
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted among students pursuing MD degree. Focus group discussion (FGD) was done among the participants till data saturation was achieved. Audiogram, notes and sociogram were made during the FGD. Verbatims of the FGD were transcribed. Codes were obtained inductively and categorized. Data coding and analysis was done with NVivo 14 and data visualization was done using RAW graphs 2.0

Results:
The various concerns that arouse were lack of trust, lack of knowledge, ethical issues, inadept to use and the impact of its use on the researcher. The young researchers also contemplated that there needs to be extensive training, ethical policy adaptation and self-checks required for its use. There is a growing body of thought to find solutions for the limitations in its use and its prospects.

Conclusion:
Most participants agreed to the fact their knowledge regarding its utilization was sub-optimal. There was a notable lack of trust in using AI tools for research among them. Addressing these challenges require a multifaceted approach involving extensive training initiatives, ethical policy adaptation to facilitate responsible AI use and a call for researchers to act as self-checks, while using AI in research
IJCM_273A: Severe adverse events following Covid 19 vaccination immunisation in India: Retrospective Study.
Authors: Sruthikrishna P , Jayakrishnan T , Nair Meera S 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Coronavirus disease 2019 is a newly emerged viral infection reported in India on 30th Jan 2020. Because of high transmissibility rate it spread rapidly and become a pandemic in the year 2020. Though it was a new disease, there were no specific treatment measures for the same. COVISHIELD is the vaccine manufactured from serum institute of India and give approval for emergency use from 30th Dec 2020 without conducting phase trials, Because of numerous infective cases, complications and deaths. There is no separate AEFI surveillance system for COVID 19 vaccines. All the AEFIs were reported via immunization division of Ministry of Health and Family welfare.

Objective:
1. To identify the type of AEFI following COVID 19 vaccination. 2. To detail the outcome of AEFI following COVID 19 vaccination

Methodology:
An observational study on AEFI following COVID 19 vaccination in India, the secondary data during 2020 to 2022 was collected from the open access government data http://surl.li/npkmb from 1st to 20th Oct 2023. The causality assessment results, 254 reported serious AEFI cases were approved by National AEFI Committee on 3rd May 2022.2 The data analysed by using SPSS Statistics.

Results:
A total of 125 million COVID 19 vaccine doses were administered all over India till 2nd Feb 2022. Out of which 254 reported serious AEFI. Among this 20.1% were =60 years of age. Serious AEFI with hospitalization was 57.9% and death was 42.1%. Around 30.7% cases were found to have a consistent causal association to vaccination. Among this 60.26 %were anxiety related and 39.74 % were vaccine product related. 8 deaths per 1 lakh COVID 19 vaccinations. Only 24.4% of the people with severe AEFI have comorbidities.

Conclusion:
Benefits of COVID 19 vaccination are enormous. However, as a measure of utmost precaution, all emerging AEFI are being constantly tracked and reviewed periodically.
IJCM_277A: Awareness, Perception and Attitude of Medical Interns and Graduates Towards Robotic Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ommen Sara J , Mithra Prasanna , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Narsinghpura Aditi , Jain Garima , Anil Mathew , Yadav Mimansa , Parasar Abhishaek 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Robotic surgery is a novel venture in medical sciences that uses robotic systems to assist and carry out surgical procedures and is one of the most discussed topics in surgery today. However, there is paucity of information regarding awareness, attitude and perceptions related to robotic surgery among the future surgical care providers (i.e., interns and postgraduates).

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was carried out among all the Medical Interns and the Postgraduates posted in the surgical Departments of KMC Mangalore (General Surgery, OBG, ENT, Ophthalmology, Orthopedics and Anaesthesia) using Universal sampling technique and data were collected using a semi-structured, pre-validated questionnaire consisting of two sections. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. The results were summarized as percentages, tables and figures. For comparison across the groups chi-square test was used and a value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
One hundred sixty-nine Interns and surgical Postgraduates were included in total in the study with a mean age of 25 years. Among the study participants,57.3% (n=59) of Interns and 57.6% (n=38) of Postgraduates have seen robotic surgery being performed in the past. More than half of the study participants, 66%(n=68) interns and 72.7%(n=48) postgraduates were aware of the Da Vinci robotic surgical system. Among the challenges for mainstreaming robotic surgery, cost was the most important concern among 53.3% (n=57) interns and 53%(n=35) postgraduates.

Conclusion:
In our study majority of the participants, Interns (64.1%) and Post graduates (84.8%) had a positive outlook towards robotic surgery & believed cost (55.3 % Interns and 53% Post graduates) was one of the major constrains limiting its use
IJCM_279A: Evaluation of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for urinary tract infection in women: A case control study
Authors: Jain Animesh , Tiwary Pratyush , Mathew Divya Maria , Garg Gaurang , Chakrabarty Deeksha , Sashikanth Sanskrita 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) disrupts insulin production and function leads to hyperglycaemia and subsequently exacerbating the risk of complications. Studies highlight hyperglycaemia’s impact on neutrophil function, predisposing diabetic patients to severe infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and skin issues.

Objectives:
To quantify DM’s contribution to UTI development, and to assess the risk of contracting UTI conferred by diabetes mellitus in otherwise healthy women and to characterize the UTI in the cases.

Methodology:
The case control study was conducted among 200 participants (100 cases with UTI and 100 controls without UTI) from 3 hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The data were collected using a structured proforma. Chi – square test and students ‘t’ test was used for comparison of the results across the groups.

Results:
Patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) showed a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (27.66%) compared to controls (7.45%). The UTI patients were 4.75 times more likely to have DM. Diabetic UTI cases exhibited elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and random blood sugar levels than controls. Complicated UTIs were more prevalent in diabetic (77%) than non-diabetic (60%) UTI cases, with E. coli being the most common infecting organism.

Conclusion:
The uncontrolled diabetes mellitus confers an increased risk of developing UTI and the risk of developing UTI caused by organisms which are not known to cause infections in people with normal immunity (like Candida species). Additionally, diabetics show a higher proportion of complicated UTI cases as compared to non-diabetics.
IJCM_280A: A prospective study on safety and clinical efficacy of rabies biologicals in paediatric patients with category III animal exposure
Authors: Fotedar Nidhi , Ravish HS 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Rabies remains a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly among paediatric populations who are vulnerable to animal exposures. This prospective study aimed to assess the safety and clinical efficacy of rabies biologicals in pediatric patients following Category III animal exposures.

Objectives:
1. To describe the post exposure prophylaxis provided to the animal bite victims at the anti rabies clinic. 2. To asses the safety and clinical efficacy of currently available rabies biologicals for post exposure prophylaxis.

Methodology:
A prospective study was undertaken enrolling 289 pediatric patients fulfilling eligibility criteria who presented with Category III animal exposures at the anti-rabies clinic of KIMS Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore. All the subjects received rabies biologicals as per NCDC guidelines. The details pertaining to socio demographic profile, biting animal, characteristics of wound, details of post exposure prophylaxis provided were recorded. All the study subjects were followed up for immediate and delayed adverse events. Subsequently, all were followed up for 6 months to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of PEP.

Results:
The mean age of study subjects was 9.4 years and most of them (43%) were going to school. Dog was the predominant biting animals (96.6%) with most bites were abrasions (45%), mainly on the lower limbs (42%). Single RmAb was the most commonly administered passive immunization (67%) and PVRV was the predominant vaccine (65%). Adverse events following post-prophylaxis were primarily local, predominantly pain (13.2%) and there were no systemic events. All the subjects were alive and healthy at the end of 6 months following PEP.

Conclusion:
This study contributes valuable insights into the safety and clinical efficacy of rabies biologicals in a pediatric cohort following Category III animal exposures, supporting the continued use of these biologicals in pediatric patients.
IJCM_281A: Climatic Factors And Vector Indices In The Occurrence Of Dengue Fever Cases In Northern Kerala
Authors: Sreenath C S , Chandran Priya , Bindu V , Anitha P M 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The number of dengue cases reported to WHO increased over 8-fold over the last two decades, from 505,430 cases in 2000, to over 2.4 million in 2010, and 5.2 million in 2019. The disease is now endemic in more than 128 countries with Asia representing ~70% of the global burden of disease. The transmission of dengue is dependent on various environmental factors and socio-demographic and economic factors. This study aimed to describe the climatic factors and vector Indices in the occurrence of dengue fever cases in Northern Kerala.

Objectives:
1) To describe the epidemiological factors for occurrence of dengue cases in Northern Kerala. 2) Serological typing of Dengue confirmed cases admitted in a tertiary care Centre in Northern Kerala.

Methodology:
Data of dengue fever cases admitted to a tertiary care centre in Northern Kerala for a period of one year were collected from Regional Prevention of Epidemics and Infectious Diseases Cell (R-PEID CELL). Vector indices data obtained from District vector control unit. Serology details were collected from Microbiology lab of the tertiary centre and Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (RVRDL). Geographical mapping and analysis of occurrence of dengue cases with rainfall done.

Results:
Total 518 cases were admitted to the tertiary centre during January 23-October 23. 68% Male and 32% female.77.7% Cases were reported from Kozhikode district.25 % cases were belonging to age group 20-29. Admission of cases were more during October followed by August. Serological typing of sub sample showed DEN2 as the predominant serotype. DEN1 and DEN3 serotypes were also identified.

Conclusion:
There is increased case transmission occurred during rainy season i.e. in North East and South West Monsoon which is in accordance with district vector indices data. DEN2 was the predominant serotype followed by DEN1.
IJCM_286A: Will India able to bend the curve? TB Elimination in India by 2025
Authors: Aswanth  , Mishra Amit Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Tuberculosis in India is a major public health problem. The National Strategic Plan 2017-2025 aims to achieve a rapid decline in burden of TB, morbidity and mortality while working towards elimination of TB in India by 2025. By proper care and treatment of TB patients, the battle against TB can be won. In the current scenario, forecasting of Tuberculosis incidence and annual case notification rate could help policy makers in planning an effective intervention at the right time keeping in mind the target for TB elimination.

Objectives:
1) To study the trend of Tuberculosis in India. 2) To forecast the incidence and annual case notification rate due to Tuberculosis in India for next 3 years.

Methodology:
Data regarding the incidence and annual case notification rate were collected from the annual reports of Tuberculosis published by Central TB Division, Government of India. Data from the sources were collected in a data extraction sheet and entered in MS excel. Gretl software was used for data analysis. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) method was used to select the best fitted model for available time series data and using the selected model incidence and annual case notification rate were forecasted for next 3 years.

Results:
The study showed an upward trend in incidence and annual case notification rate in the sampling and post sampling period. According to the forecast, for the year 2025 the incidence of Tuberculosis will be 28.36 lakhs (95%CI- 26.4886, 32.8556) and annual case notification rate will be 178 (95%CI- 144, 211).

Conclusion:
There is an upward trend of Tuberculosis incidence and annual case notification rate in India in forecasted period. To achieve the set targets, the policy makers need to plan and implement more effective interventions at the right time.
IJCM_287A: A Study on Quality of Life of Leprosy Patients in Bankura in West Bengal
Authors: Hawaldar Gurusanganabasava , Basu Rivu , Kundu Manas , Paul Bobby , Mondal Anurag 
Published: April 2024

Background:
By effectively implementing the National Leprosy Elimination Programme (NLEP), India was able to lower the prevalence rate from 57.8/10,000 in 1983 to 0.45/10,000 in 2021â€“22. Despite its progress, India still accounts for 60% of all new cases recorded globally each year. The stigma associated with leprosy and abnormalities causes worse social functioning, lower self-esteem, and social isolation in even cured patients, which has a severe impact on patient’s quality of life. This study aims to find out the quality of life among leprosy patients.

Objective:
To find out the quality of life among leprosy patients admitted to the Regional Leprosy Training and Research Institute and Gouripur Leprosy Hospital, Gouripur.

Methodology:
An institutional-based cross-sectional study in a rural area of Bankura by simple random sampling, was conducted from August 2023 to November 2023 among the leprosy patients and was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of AIIHPH and a face-to-face interview was done by pretested questionnaire, Dermatological quality of life assessed by DLQI tool and data was analysed by Spss.

Results:
The mean age of 128 study participants was 57.09 ±15.14 years with 60.2% male participants. 25.8% were currently working,40.6% were currently married. Of the participants whose duration of illness was more than 10yrs were71.9%and 66.4% had grade 2 disability. The mean DLQI score was 5.73±3.7, and about half of the patients reported that it had a moderate to large effect on their quality of life, whereas 15 patients (11.7%) reported that it had no effect at all. None of the patients had a very severe impact.

Conclusion:
Present study reveals that the mean DLQI score was found to be 5.73±3.7 and around half of them have moderate to large effect on their quality of life.
IJCM_289A: Determination of factors favouring the snake bite mortality in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Gandhi Manoj Kumar , Chauhan Nidhi , Raina Sunil K 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Snake bite is an established important cause of morbidity and mortality among the poor and rural population across the world including India. India accounts for the highest number of snakebites and related mortality globally.

Objective:
Identification of factors favoring the mortality due to snake bite.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to March 2023, and deaths due to snake bites reported from different health care facilities and community were included in the study.

Results:
A case-fatality rate of 5.9% due to snake bite was documented in the study. The factors identified as favorable for mortality were delayed treatment, followed by suboptimal care at primary and secondary health care facilities and traditional beliefs of the community.

Conclusion:
Provision of emergency service as point of care delivery, focusing on provision of training to strength point of care emergency services, co-ordination and linkages with the community members can strengthen the efforts toward reducing the mortality due to snake bites.