bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sensorless Starting Method for Self‐Controlled Synchronous Motors
Authors: Hasegawa Chihiro , Nishikata Shoji 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSelf‐controlled synchronous motors have been used as variable speed motors in industry and are now also used for propelling ships. In this type of motor, information on the rotor position is needed in order to achieve stable operation. A simple sensorless starting method for this motor is studied in this paper. An initial rotor position detection method without a position sensor is first discussed. It is shown that the position can be detected easily by observing the electromotive forces induced in the armature windings due to the change in the field current. Then, a new starting method for the motor is proposed on the basis of DC link current chopping during the starting period. It is shown that, based on the proposed method, starting of the motor can be realized independently of the load conditions, which indicates the usefulness of the proposed method. Finally, the effects of various system parameters on the response of the DC input current and the motor speed during starting up are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(3): 48–55, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21082
Evaluation of Amorphous Transformer by Optimum Capacity Selection Based on Customer Load Curve Pattern
Authors: Takagi Masaaki , Yamamoto Hiromi , Yamagi Kenji 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEnergy loss in a transformer is composed of no‐load loss and load loss. The no‐load loss in an amorphous transformer is considerably reduced compared with traditional transformers (e.g., silicon steel transformers). However, amorphous transformers have the disadvantages of high capital cost and a high load loss parameter compared with the traditional transformers. The lifetime of a transformer is very long, and hence transformer selection is very important, because the users must pay the energy loss cost throughout the lifetime of the transformer. Therefore, we propose an algorithm for optimum transformer selection considering not only the type but also the capacity. The novelty and usability of the study consists of extracting the full potential from transformers by optimizing both the type and the capacity. Evaluation results show that the amorphous transformer is effective in achieving energy saving and reducing CO2 emissions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(3): 1–11, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21111
Deprotonation of β‐Diketiminate in Sterically Demanding β‐(Diketiminato)lanthanide Complexes: Influence of Lanthanide Metals
Authors: Jiao Rui , Xue Mingqiang , Shen Xiaodong , Zhang Yong , Yao Yingming , Shen Qi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAttempted synthesis of tris(β‐diketiminato)lanthanide complexes [Ln(L)3] (L = [{N(C6H3Me2‐2,6)C(Me)}2CH]) resulted in ligand deprotonation, and different outcomes depending on the central metal used were observed. Reaction of YbCl3 with NaL (3 equiv.) afforded the five‐membered cyclometalated ytterbium β‐diketiminate complex [Yb(L)(L)dep] (1). The same reaction with LnCl3 (Ln = Nd, Sm, and Er) gave the new complexes composed of one normal L and one deprotonated neighboring benzazacyclopentane ligand derived from deprotonation of the 2‐methyl group followed by an attack of thecarbon atom on the β‐diketiminate backbone, [Ln(L)(L)dep′(thf)] [Ln = Nd (2), Sm (3), and Er (4)]. The bonding mode in the {Ln(L)dep′} moiety was also found to depend on the central metal ions.
Synthesis and Properties of the Emerging Azacalix[14]arenes
Authors: Touil Mounia , Elhabiri Mourad , Lachkar Mohammed , Siri Olivier 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe describe the synthesis and spectrophotometric studies of novel N(H)‐azacalix[4]arenes. The unprecedented direct functionalization of the N(H) bridges furnished N(R)‐bridged aza[14]calixarene 11 that could complex a neutral guest (CH2Cl2) or could be further reduced into corresponding tetraamino derivative 12.
N‐(4‐Phenylbutyl)azacalix[3.1.1.1]arene: Self‐Inclusion of the Side Chain through CH···π Interactions
Authors: Takemura Hiroyuki , Yonebayashi Yuka , Nakagaki Takeshi , Shinmyozu Teruo 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAzacalixarene 1, with a relatively long chain substituent, can exhibit both inter‐ and intramolecular CH···π interactions. In the crystalline state, the 4‐phenybutyl group is included in the molecular cavity, allowing interactions between the methylene H atoms and the aromatic rings of the azacalix skeleton. In addition, similar “edge‐to‐face” interactions occur between the terminal phenyl ring and that of an adjacent molecule, thus forming a polymeric, supramolecular array of azacalixarene molecules. In solution, the 4‐phenylbutyl arm adopts two orientations, one included in the calix cavity, one not, giving rise to isomers describable as exo and endo conformers. Characterization of the exo/endo equilibrium as a function of temperature by 1H NMR spectroscopy enabled estimation of the enthalpy difference favoring inclusion attributed to the intracavity CH···π interactions.
Chiral Bifunctional Thiourea–Phosphane Organocatalysts in Asymmetric Allylic Amination of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Acetates
Authors: Deng Hong‐Ping , Wei Yin , Shi Min 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA series of new chiral bifunctional thiourea–phosphane catalysts was synthesized and successfully applied in the catalytic, asymmetric allylic amination of Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) acetates derived from the methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) or ethyl vinyl ketone (EVK) system, with phthalimide, affording the amination products in up to over 99 % yield and 90 % ee for a wide range of substrates derived from different aromatic aldehydes.
Modular Synthesis of Bifunctional Linkers for Materials Science
Authors: Moreau Julie , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA practical synthesis of α,ω‐bifunctional linkers is described that is based on three building blocks, namely, thioctic acid, a spacer‐arm of seven ethylene glycol units, and a functional motif dedicated to the selective immobilization of purposely tagged proteins. Such representative motifs are biotin, haloacetamide, maleimide, and nitrilotriacetic acid derivatives. The building blocks are connected through alkyl, amide, and/or carbamate linkages.
Hyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome inducing mutations in the ectodomain of anthrax toxin receptor 2 can be rescued by proteasome inhibitors
Authors: Deuquet Julie , Lausch Ekkehart , Guex Nicolas , Abrami Laurence , Salvi Suzanne , Lakkaraju Asvin , Ramirez Maria Celeste M. , Martignetti John A. , Rokicki Dariusz , Bonafe Luisa , Superti‐Furga Andrea , van der Goot Françoise G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractHyaline Fibromatosis Syndrome (HFS) is a human genetic disease caused by mutations in the anthrax toxin receptor 2 (or cmg2) gene, which encodes a membrane protein thought to be involved in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. Little is known about the structure and function of the protein or the genotype–phenotype relationship of the disease. Through the analysis of four patients, we identify three novel mutants and determine their effects at the cellular level. Altogether, we show that missense mutations that map to the extracellular von Willebrand domain or the here characterized Ig‐like domain of CMG2 lead to folding defects and thereby to retention of the mutated protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mutations in the Ig‐like domain prevent proper disulphide bond formation and are more efficiently targeted to ER‐associated degradation. Finally, we show that mutant CMG2 can be rescued in fibroblasts of some patients by treatment with proteasome inhibitors and that CMG2 is then properly transported to the plasma membrane and signalling competent, identifying the ER folding and degradation pathway components as promising drug targets for HFS.
Survey on power system stabilizers control and their prospective applications for power system damping using Synchrophasor‐based wide‐area systems
Authors: Chompoobutrgool Yuwa , Vanfretti Luigi , Ghandhari Mehrdad 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPower system oscillation damping remains as one of the major concerns for secure and reliable operation of large power systems, and is of great current interest to both industry and academia. The principal reason for this is that the inception of poorly‐damped low‐frequency inter‐area oscillations (LFIOs) when power systems are operating under stringent conditions may lead to system‐wide breakups or considerably reduce the power transfers over critical corridors. With the availability of high‐sampling rate phasor measurement units (PMUs), there is an increasing interest for effectively exploiting conventional damping control devices, such as power system stabilizers (PSSs), by using these measurements as control input signals. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of distinct elements (or “building blocks”) necessary for wide‐area power system damping using synchrophasors and PSSs. These building blocks together shape a tentative methodical framework, and are disposed as follows: (1) fundamental understanding of the main characteristics of inter‐area oscillations, (2) wide‐area measurement and control systems (WAMS and WACS) and wide‐area damping control (WADC), (3) advanced signal processing techniques for mode property identification, (4) methods for model‐based small‐signal analysis, (5) control input signals selection, and (6) methods for PSS control design. We also describe the latest developments in the implementation of synchrophasor measurements in WAMS and WACS as well as their prospectives for WADC applications. This paper serves both to abridge the state‐of‐the‐art in each of these elements, and to accentuate aspiring ideas in each building block. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of interactive multiple models in thermal modeling of power transformers
Authors: Akbari Asghar , Allahbakhshi Mehdi , Golpari Reza 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPower transformers are one of the most expensive equipments in power systems. The efficiency and optimal utilization of these equipments are very important issues. Some factors, like temperature, moisture and oxidation can affect the solid and liquid insulations and reduce the useful life of power transformer. Temperature of a power transformer depends on the ambient temperature, present and past loading and cooling classes. Proper thermal model is essential to predict temperature in different conditions of cooling system. Such model leads to analyze useful life and improve loading and utilization of a power transformer.In this contribution a thermal model for power transformers based on the new technique of Interactive Multiple Modeling (IMM) is suggested to predict the top‐oil temperature. Practical validation is carried out with measured load and temperature data of a power transformer. Consequently the prediction error for the conventional thermal model and the new suggested model based on IMM technique are compared. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination of multilateral trades in electricity markets via power vectors
Authors: Balagopalan Sudha , Ashok S. , Mohandas K. P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA transmission restructure model is presented, which resolves line abuse, conflict of incentives and information asymmetry in electricity markets. It uses market compatible game theory, graph theory, market mechanism, multilateral trade structure, etc. rather than conventional tools. The model is useful to emulate any active, competitive transmission sector. It has more relevance in countries like India with high T&D loss and power deficit problems. Cooperative game theory (CGT) is holistically applied in organizational, operational, commercial and planning aspects of restructure. A three phase CGT environment to model entity interactions, an elastic transmission service charge (TSC) to penalize abuse and a powerful power vector to resolve information asymmetry are some proposals developed in this context. In the scheme, Discos use power vectors to play the game and negotiate for agreeable TSC share and engineer fruitful mergers. A stable set of coalitions contracting optimal trades at lowest TSC is finally obtained. The method is illustrated on a 5 bus and successfully tested on a 24 bus Indian power system. The outcome is that agents aggregate sequentially, to safeguard network security as a common agenda, despite market activities starting at diverse locations. These results are important because transmission is the most difficult zone to model in electricity markets due to several issues and this model addresses most of them. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined operation of converter‐based distributed generation unit in DC distribution system in order to have premium power quality
Authors: Noroozian Reza , Gharehpetian Gevorg B. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYThis paper studies a DC distribution system, which has been supplied by utility AC grid and converter‐based distributed generation (DG) in order to provide an overall solution to power quality problems. The power flow control in DC distribution systems is achieved by network and storage converters, which have DC voltage controllers. A control strategy for these converters has been presented, which is based on DC voltage droop controller and a novel instantaneous power regulation scheme. Furthermore, this paper presents a simple DC bus voltage controller, which can be used for DC system voltage determination. Also, a novel control system has been proposed for DG and load converters. The simulation results, based on PSCAD/EMTDC software, show that DC distribution system including converter‐based DG unit can provide the premium power quality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A third‐order velocity correction scheme obtained at the discrete level
Authors: Owen H. , Codina R. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYIn this work we explore a velocity correction method that introduces the splitting at the discrete level. In order to do so, the algebraic continuity equation is transformed into a discrete pressure Poisson equation and a velocity extrapolation is used. In Badia et al. (IJNMF, 2008, p. 351), where the method was introduced, the discrete Laplacian that appears in the pressure Poisson equation is approximated by a continuous one using an extrapolation for the pressure. In this work we explore the possibility of actually solving the discrete Laplacian. This introduces significant differences because the pressure extrapolation is avoided and only a velocity extrapolation is needed. Our numerical results indicate that it is the second‐order pressure extrapolation which makes third‐order methods unstable. Instead, second‐order velocity extrapolations do not lead to instabilities. Avoiding the pressure extrapolation allows to obtain stable solutions in problems that become unstable when the Laplacian is approximated. A comparison with a pressure correction scheme is also presented to verify the well‐known fact that the use of a second order pressure extrapolation leads to instabilities. Therefore we conclude that it is the combination of a velocity correction scheme with a discrete Laplacian that allows to obtain a stable third‐order scheme by avoiding the pressure extrapolation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional wave impact on a rigid structure using smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Cummins S. J. , Silvester T. B. , Cleary P. W. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYNavier–Stokes computations of a wave–structure interaction are performed with the aim of assessing the potential of smoothed particle hydrodynamics to accurately estimate impact loading time history. A three‐dimensional dam‐break flow with a rectangular column located downstream is considered. The net force and impulse exerted on the column is monitored throughout the simulation with the results correlating well with existing experimental data. Initial and boundary conditions and numerical parameters are varied and their effect on the column load investigated. The column load is found to be most sensitive to the choice of boundary treatment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of Financial Variables in predicting economic activity
Authors: Espinoza Raphael , Fornari Fabio , Lombardi Marco J. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTPrevious research found that the US business cycle leads the European one by a few quarters, and can therefore be useful in predicting euro area gross domestic product (GDP). In this paper we investigate whether additional predictive power can be gained by adding selected financial variables belonging to either the USA or the euro area. We use vector autoregressions (VARs) that include the US and euro area GDPs as well as growth in the Rest of the World and selected combinations of financial variables. Out‐of‐sample root mean square forecast errors (RMSEs) evidence that adding financial variables produces a slightly smaller error in forecasting US economic activity. This weak macro‐financial linkage is even weaker in the euro area, where financial indicators do not improve short‐ and medium‐term GDP forecasts even when their timely availability relative to GDP is exploited. It can be conjectured that neither US nor European financial variables help predict euro area GDP as the US GDP has already embodied this information. However, we show that the finding that financial variables have no predictive power for future activity in the euro area relates to the unconditional nature of the RMSE metric. When forecasting ability is assessed as if in real time (i.e. conditionally on the information available at the time when forecasts are made), we find that models using financial variables would have been preferred in several episodes and in particular between 1999 and 2002. Copyright   2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of job loss and unemployment duration on suicide risk in the United States: a new look using mass‐layoffs and unemployment duration
Authors: Classen Timothy J. , Dunn Richard A. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYWe examine the link between employment status and suicide risk using a panel of US states from 1996 to 2005 with monthly data on suicides, the duration of unemployment spells and the number of job losses associated with mass‐layoff events. The use of aggregate data at the monthly level along with the distribution of unemployment duration allows us to separate the effect of job loss from the effect of unemployment duration, an important distinction for policy purposes, especially for the timing of potential interventions. Our results are consistent with unemployment duration being the dominant force in the relationship between job loss and suicide. Nevertheless, mass‐layoffs may be powerful localized events where suicide risk increases shortly afterward. Implications for the design of unemployment insurance are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of CD147 is associated with prostate cancer progression
Authors: Zhong Wei‐de , Liang Yu‐xiang , Lin Sharron X. , Li Ling , He Hui‐chan , Bi Xue‐cheng , Han Zhao‐dong , Dai Qi‐shan , Ye Yong‐kang , Chen Qing‐biao , Wang Yue‐sheng , Zeng Guo‐hua , Zhu Gang , Zhang Zheng , Chen Zhi‐nan , Wu Chin‐Lee 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNovel molecular markers that are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression will provide valuable information in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) has been demonstrated to be involved in tumor invasion, metastasis, growth and survival. In our study, we examined whether the expression of CD147 can be used as a prognostic marker for predicting PCa progression. Tissue samples from 240 patients who received radical prostatectomy for PCa were obtained. CD147 expression in these samples was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody specifically against CD147. Increased expression of CD147 was correlated with higher Gleason scores (GS), positive surgical margin, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) failure, metastasis and reduced overall survival. Both univariate Cox regression analysis and multivariate analysis including competing biological variables demonstrated that increased CD147 expression was associated with increased risk for reduced PSA failure‐free, metastasis‐free and overall survival. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that the CD147 overexpression was a significant predictor for the PSA failure‐free, metastasis‐free and the overall survival in both pT2 and pT3 PCa patients. More significantly, higher expression of CD147 can serve as an independent prognostic predictor for PSA failure‐free survival in PCa patients when they are stratified by GS. Our study results demonstrate the involvement of CD147 in PCa progression and suggest its potential role as an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence, development of metastasis and reduced overall survival in PCa.
The shape of gaseous n‐butylbenzene: Assessment of computational methods and comparison with experiments
Authors: Halbert Stéphanie , Clavaguéra Carine , Bouchoux Guy 
Published: February 2011

AbstractConformational landscape of neutral and ionized n‐butylbenzene has been examined. Geometries have been optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d), B3LYP/6‐31+G(d,p), B3LYP‐D/6‐31+G(d,p), B2PLYP/6‐31+G(d,p), B2PLYP‐D/6‐31+G(d,p), B97‐D/6‐31+G(d,p), and M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d,p) levels. This study is complemented by energy computations using 6‐311++G(3df,2p) basis set and CBS‐QB3 and G3MP2B3 composite methods to obtain accurate relative enthalpies. Five distinguishable conformers have been identified for both the neutral and ionized systems. Comparison with experimentally determined rotational constants shows that the best geometrical parameters are provided by B3LYP‐D and M06‐2X functionals, which include an explicit treatment of dispersion effects. Composite G3MP2B3 and CBS‐QB3 methods, and B2PLYP‐D, B3LYP‐D, B97‐D, and M06‐2X functionals, provide comparable relative energies for the two sets of neutral and ionized conformers of butyl benzene. An exception is noted however for conformer V+ the stability of which being overestimated by the B3LYP‐D and B97‐D functionals. The better stability of neutral conformers I, III, and IV, and of cation I+, demonstrated by our computations, is in perfect agreement with conclusions based on micro wave, fluorescence, and multiphoton ionization experiments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011