bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone Replacement in Hypogonadal Men With Type 2 Diabetes and/or Metabolic Syndrome (the TIMES2 Study)
Authors: Jones T. Hugh , Arver Stefan , Behre Hermann M. , Buvat Jacques , Meuleman Eric , Moncada Ignacio , Morales Antonio Martin , Volterrani Maurizio , Yellowlees Ann , Howell Julian D. , Channer Kevin S. ,   TIMES2 Investigators
Published: March 2011

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk factors, and symptoms in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of a novel transdermal 2% testosterone gel was evaluated over 12 months in 220 hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes and/or MetS in a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The primary outcome was mean change from baseline in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Secondary outcomes were measures of body composition, glycemic control, lipids, and sexual function. Efficacy results focused primarily on months 0−6 (phase 1; no changes in medication allowed). Medication changes were allowed in phase 2 (months 6−12).

RESULTS
TRT reduced HOMA-IR in the overall population by 15.2% at 6 months (P = 0.018) and 16.4% at 12 months (P = 0.006). In type 2 diabetic patients, glycemic control was significantly better in the TRT group than the placebo group at month 9 (HbA1c: treatment difference, −0.446%; P = 0.035). Improvements in total and LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein a (Lpa), body composition, libido, and sexual function occurred in selected patient groups. There were no significant differences between groups in the frequencies of adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs. The majority of AEs (&gt;95%) were mild or moderate.

CONCLUSIONS
Over a 6-month period, transdermal TRT was associated with beneficial effects on insulin resistance, total and LDL-cholesterol, Lpa, and sexual health in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes and/or MetS.
Molecular differentiation of Turkey cattle isolates of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica
Authors: Simsek S. , Utuk A. , Balkaya I. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
The most common and widespread liver flukes of the genus Fasciola are Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Adults of both species occur in many domestic ruminants and in humans and can cause serious disease. The differential diagnosis of these flukes infection is very important because of their different transmission and epidemiological characteristics. A simple and rapid PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, using the common restriction enzymes AluI and RsaI, is described to distinguish between both fasciolid species. After the digestion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) PCR product with the restriction enzyme AluI, the RFLP profile obtained from F. hepatica revealed two fragments, whereas F. gigantica was not cut. The RsaI digestion generated two fragments from F. gigantica, whereas it did not cut the PCR product from F. hepatica. Results were confirmed with CO1 sequence analysis of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica. The present study suggests that the PCRRFLP method described here can be used for the proper identification of Fasciola species.
Above GaSb barrier in type II quantum well structures for mid-infrared emission detected by Fourier-transformed modulated reflectivity
Authors: Motyka M. , Janiak F. , Ryczko K. , Sęk G. , Misiewicz J. , Bauer A. , Weih R. , Höfling S. , Kamp M. , Forchel A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractModulation spectroscopy in its Fourier-transformed mode has been employed to investigate the optical properties of broken gap ‘W’-shaped GaSb/AlSb/InAs/InGaSb/InAs/AlSb/GaSb quantum well structures designed to emit in the mid infrared range of 3–4 μm for applications in laser-based gas sensing. Besides the optical transitions originating from the confined states in the type II quantum wells, a number of spectral features at the energy above the GaSb band gap have been detected. They have been analyzed in a function of InAs and GaSb layer widths and ultimately connected with resonant states in the range of AlSb tunneling barriers.
A teleoperation system for micro-invasive brain surgery
Authors: Manganelli Rudy , Chinello Francesco , Formaglio Alessandro , Prattichizzo Domenico 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper deals with controller design issues for a neurosurgical teleoperator system. The specific application of interest consists of remotely inserting a linear-stage rigid endoscope into the patient's brain for microinvasive neurosurgery interventions. This work aims at evaluating advantages and drawbacks of using a general-purpose control architecture versus a simpler task-oriented architecture, from a point of view of stability and transparency. Experiments revealed that in spite of its simplicity, the task-oriented design allows an improvement in the trade-off between performance, transparency and stability requirements.
On clustering DAGs for task-hungry computing platforms
Authors: Cordasco Gennaro , Rosenberg Arnold , Sims Mark 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMany modern computing platforms are “task-hungry”: their performance is enhanced by always having as many tasks available for execution as possible. IC-scheduling, a master-worker framework for executing static computations that have intertask dependencies (modeled as dags), was developed with precisely the goal of rendering a computation-dag’s tasks eligible for execution at the maximum possible rate. The current paper addresses the problem of enhancing IC-scheduling so that it can accommodate the varying computational resources of different workers, by clustering a computation-dag’s tasks, while still producing eligible (now, clustered) tasks at the maximum possible rate. The task-clustering strategies presented exploit the structure of the computation being performed, ranging from a strategy that works for any dag, to ones that build increasingly on the explicit structure of the dagbeing scheduled.
An inductance lookup table application for analysis of reluctance stepper motor model
Authors: Bernat Jakub , Kołota Jakub , Stępień Sławomir , Szymański Grzegorz 
Published: March 2011

An inductance lookup table application for analysis of reluctance stepper motor model
This research presents a method of modeling and numerical simulation of a reluctance stepper motor using reduced finite-element time-stepping technique. In presented model, the circuit equations are reduced to non-stationary differential equations, i.e. the inductance mapping technique is used to find relationship between coil inductance and rotor position. A strongly coupled field-circuit model of the stepper motor is presented. In analyzed model the magnetostatic field partial differential equations are coupled with rotor motion equation and solved simultaneously in each iterative step. The nonlinearity problem is solved using Newton-Raphson method with spline approximation of the B-H curve.
New leuconids from the Gulf of Mexico (Crustacea: Cumacea: Leuconidae)
Authors: Petrescu Iorgu , Heard Richard 
Published: March 2011

New leuconids from the Gulf of Mexico (Crustacea: Cumacea: Leuconidae)
Second paper that contained records of 13 species of Leuconidae from the Gulf of Mexico. Four new species are described: Leucon papadopoli n. sp., L. andreiae n. sp., L. raduletzi n. sp. and L. serafimae n. sp. Other 8 species and subgenera Crymoleucon Watling, 1991 and Macrauloleucon Watling, 1991 are recorded for the first time from the area, only Leucon americanus Zimmer, 1943 was previously found.
A new species of Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) from the Romanian Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Iorgu Ionuţ , Iorgu Elena 
Published: March 2011

A new species of Isophya (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) from the Romanian Carpathian Mountains
A new morphologically cryptic species from the genus Isophya Brunner von Wattenwyl is described from Ciucaş Mountains in Romania: Isophya ciucasi n. sp. Diagnosis, images and a bioacoustic analysis are presented for the new species and compared with Isophya camptoxypha (Fieber), the species with a very similar morphology.
Systematic list of the Romanian vertebrate fauna
Authors: Murariu Dumitru 
Published: March 2011

Systematic list of the Romanian vertebrate fauna
Compiling different bibliographical sources, a total of 732 taxa of specific and subspecific order remained. It is about the six large vertebrate classes of Romanian fauna. The first class (Cyclostomata) is represented by only four species, and Pisces (here considered super-class) - by 184 taxa. The rest of 544 taxa belong to Tetrapoda super-class which includes the other four vertebrate classes: Amphibia (20 taxa); Reptilia (31); Aves (382) and Mammalia (110 taxa).
TVPD: The Generational Diegetics of the Police Procedural on American Television
Authors: Arntfield Michael 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:This paper examines the crime fiction genre known as the police procedural and traces its evolution from televisual inception to the present. The police procedural in the context of American network television is generally divisible into three canonical periods—the Golden Age, the Gilded Age, and the Dark Age—with the series populating these eras serving not only as social dramas that calibrate public sentiments about the police, but more importantly as historical texts that reflect how the police perceive their role as workers in American society: a self-assessment based primarily on their relationship to technology. As policing has undergone tremendous technological change in concert with the popularization of the police procedural, having largely evolved, technologically speaking, into an automated industry, the TV cop has similarly devolved into a composite figure alienated from both work and American society at large.
A nine-year clinico-epidemiological study of Histoid Hansen in India
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Jain Arpita , Chander Ram , Khan Anamita , Barara Meenu 
Published: March 2011

Introduction: Histoid Hansen is rare but a well-defined entity with specific clinical, histopathological, and bacteriological features. The incidence has been reported to vary from 1-2% amongst total leprosy patients. Methodology: We performed a retrospective analysis of the records of patients identified as histoid Hansen on the basis of clinico-histopathological criteria, who attended the Hansen clinic from 2000-2009. Results: A total of 962 leprosy patients attended the Hansen clinic from 2000-2009, and of these, 11 (1.14%) were diagnosed as histoid Hansen. The youngest patient on record was 14 years of age. Nearly 70% of the patients were untreated and the rest were on multidrug therapy (MDT) before development of histoid lesions. Three patients showed Erythema nodusum leposum (ENL) reaction. Conclusion: India has achieved elimination of leprosy, but new cases of histoid are still recorded with the same incidence rate. Reactions are not uncommon in such forms, and may be a transition phase to manifest lepromatous leprosy. A thorough knowledge and early detection is needed for this uncommon variant of leprosy which can pose a threat to our elimination drive.
Scénariser le « social » pour le filmer.
Authors: Mariette Audrey 
Published: March 2011

Résumé En partant de la catégorie floue et mal définie de « cinéma social », nous abordons la question des liens entre art et politique à l'aune de la mise en scène cinématographique des classes populaires en France dans les années 1990-2000. En alliant analyse interne et externe des films, il s'agit ici d'étudier l'« engagement par les uvres ». Cet article prend plus particulièrement pour objet les scénarios de ces films et les manières dont ils ont été écrits. L'écriture n'est, au cinéma, que la première étape de la réalisation d'un film : la mise en récit précède et anticipe la mise en images et en sons (le tournage). Elle ne concerne pas seulement le sujet du film : elle est déterminante pour l'esthétique cinématographique adoptée. L'étude des scénarios d'un corpus de films étiquetés « sociaux » permet d'observer qu'ils participent à une vision globalement pessimiste du « populaire ». Cette vision, celle d'un monde en déclin, s'explique par le fait que les « auteurs » de scénarios ont pour point commun de faire appel non à des membres des classes populaires mais à des personnes qui ont pour caractéristique d'être dans une position d'« encadrant » de ces dernières. Pour autant, ces scénarios et les manières dont ils ont été écrits sont loin d'être homogènes ­ en cela, le « cinéma social » ne constitue pas un genre cinématographique. Deux modes d'écriture ­ qui correspondent à deux pôles schématiques ­ sont alors analysés : le recours à la fable (à partir du cas des films de Robert Guédiguian) et le recours à un fort « effet de réel » (à partir du cas du premier long métrage de Laurent Cantet). Différentes, ces formes de politisation des uvres se comprennent au regard des trajectoires et des ressources dont disposent les réalisateurs pour écrire leurs scénarios, ainsi qu'au regard des « règles de l'art ».
La mue des « gaspilleurs de pellicule ».
Authors: Lecler Romain 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Le cinéma militant a rejeté en Mai 68 la notion d'auteur élaborée par la génération de la Nouvelle Vague. Ils l'ont assimilée à la notion d'autorité. Novices, les cinéastes militants ont repris les techniques du cinéma direct des années 1960. Jeunes, ils se sont ainsi initiés au cinéma. Militants, ils ont couvert les mouvements sociaux des années 1970. Ce rejet de l'auteur a néanmoins été ambivalent. Que ce soit les critiques, les auteurs tentés par le cinéma militant comme Chris. Marker ou Godard, ou peu à peu les cinéastes militants, tous ont participé de la réhabilitation de l'auteur. Celle-ci a été rendue possible grâce à un détour par la mise-en-scène et la fiction, et a permis la mise en place du genre documentaire dans les années 1980. Seuls les plus dotés des cinéastes militants ont alors réussi à se reconvertir dans le documentaire, les autres demeurant invisibles.
Cinématographie du rapport à la Loi dans The Trial d'Orson Welles
Authors: Smadja David 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Dans le prolongement de l'article de Michael Löwy publié dans ce volume de Raisons politiques, et afin de montrer la spécificité du cinématographe comme écriture du politique comme images-mouvement, cet article vise à expliquer comment, par ses ressources spécifiques, le filmage d'Orson Welles dans The Trial parvient à restituer la critique kafkaïenne de l'État et de l'administration. Il s'inspire en cela d'une perspective construite par André Bazin qui privilégie « les partis pris formels » pour saisir la signification des films. Ainsi, l'article met en évidence trois modalités du rapport à la Loi : l'hésitation, le franchissement et la panique, auxquels correspondent, entre autre, les moyens cinématographiques propres au cadrage et aux mouvements de caméra.
Les justifications de la règle de majorité en démocratie moderne
Authors: Mineur Didier 
Published: March 2011

Résumé Cet article porte sur les fondements de la légitimité de la règle majoritaire en démocratie. Les différents principes de la légitimité formulés par les philosophies des Lumières se conjuguent avec l'unanimité plutôt qu'avec la majorité : l'idéal selon lequel la raison est créatrice de ses normes plutôt qu'elle ne les découvre dans l'ordre des choses, l'idéal de l'autonomie de chacun et l'idéal du peuple souverain. On dégage donc de l'histoire des idées politiques modernes trois types de légitimations du principe majoritaire, chacune d'entre elles faisant du principe majoritaire une approximation de la raison, de l'autonomie et de l'unité. On fait par ailleurs l'hypothèse que ces justifications sous-tendent la pratique du vote en démocratie, ce que l'on tente de montrer en évoquant les débats tenus lors de deux référendums contemporains, exceptionnels en ce qu'ils ont été l'occasion d'une mise en uvre explicite de ces justifications ordinairement implicites, le référendum national de ratification du TCE du 29 mai 2005, et le référendum interne au Parti socialiste de décembre 2004.
Computer Assisted Surgery
Authors: Micali Salvatore 
Published: March 2011

The broad range of Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) represents the integration of computer technology in surgical procedures for presurgical planning, guiding or manipulation. Surgical robots and surgical endoscopic navigation are the most challenging applications to urology. A surgical robot is defined as a computer-controlled manipulator with artificial sensing which can be programmed to move, and position tools to carry out surgical tasks. In urology, robots have been tested in two areas: endourology and laparoscopy Surgical navigation allows the surgeon to process data from pre- and intraoperative sources, aiming at purification and presentation of the most relevant information. Image-guided systems (IGS), augmented reality (AR) and navigation in endoscopic soft tissue surgery represent the three main topics of surgical urological navigation. IGS involve matching the coordinates from medical imaging (preoperative registration) with coordinates from the patient in the operating room (registration and updating images). IGS have become the standard of care in providing navigational assistance during neurosurgery, offering subsurface and functional information to the surgeon.
Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) in Urologia
Authors: Pini Giovannalberto , Lima Estevao 
Published: March 2011

The concept of endoscopie surgery performed through natural orifices - Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) - represents one of the most exciting ideas recently introduced in surgery. The use of natural orifice as a transluminal access to the peritoneal cavity has been shown to be effective and reproducible. After the introduction of the transgastric access (2004), the adaptation of the well-known transvaginal access, looking for ideal and more suitable entrance has led to the development of the transcolonic and transvescical ports. To date, the NOTES technique showed its full potential in experimental models, so as to allow the completion of most of the standard procedures performed in laparoscopic technique and thus opening the door to a new era, considered as “3rd generation surgery”. However, only few experiences have been translated to humans and this concept is still at an early stage of experimental development. Many efforts are still needed to establish the standardization and validation of the techniques, the verification of safety and effectiveness. This article intends to photograph the actual role of NOTES, reviewing its history, analyzing the potential benefits and drawbacks, browsing and comparing the different transluminal routes, describing the equipment and platforms currently available, and finally to point out the state of the art of NOTES in the urological field.
The Prognostic Value of Hydronephrosis in Bladder Cancer Treated by Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Lin Huan-Yi , Wang Sheng-Zheng , Chen Jun-Xing , Chen Ling-Wu , Xiao Jun 
Published: March 2011

Objectives To valuate the prognostic impact of hydronephrosis in bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy. Methods We performed a retrospective review of 126 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of bladder, who underwent radical cystectomy at our hospital from January 2003 through May 2010. The relationship between hydronephrosis, tumor stage, and lymph node status was analyzed. We evaluated the effect of hydronephrosis on the recurrence-free survival of bladder cancer by using log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results Thirty-four patients had unilateral hydronephrosis and five patients had bilateral hydronephrosis. There were 59.0% of tumors with stage ≥pT3a, and 30.8% with pT2, 10.2% with pT1 in the Hydronephrosis group respectively compared to 14.9%, 59.8%, and 25.3% in the Non-hydronephrosis group (ΧcH2= 25.680, P<0.001). The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates in the Hydronephrosis group were significantly lower than the Non-hydronephrosis group (42.5±10.3% vs. 68.8±8.1%, P=0.001). When adjusted to the different stages stratum, the recurrence-free survival rates among patients with stage pT1–2pN- or lymph node metastasis did not differ significantly whether they had evidence of preoperative hydronephrosis or not, while they differed significantly in the subgroup of stage ≥pT3a, pN-. Multivariate analysis showed that hydronephrosis was not an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival except pathological stage and lymph node status. Conclusions Preoperative hydronephrosis predicts advanced stages in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and exactly effects the survival mainly in higher stage tumor without metastasis.
Interdiffusion in Fe/Pt Multilayers: In Situ High Temperature Synchrotron Radiation Reflectivity Study
Authors: Zotov Nikolay , Feydt Jürgen , Savan Alan , Ludwig Alfred , von Borany Johannes 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThermal annealing of Fe/Pt multilayers (ML) is reported to reduce significantly the formation temperature of FePt hard magnetic thin films. The transformation mechanisms of [Fe 1.38 nm/Pt 2.24 nm]50 ML, prepared by magnetron sputtering, is investigated in the present communication by high temperature X‐ray reflectivity using synchrotron radiation. Complete degradation of the ML periodic structure is observed at about 610 K. The variation with annealing temperature of the intensity of the first Bragg peak, the correlated vertical roughness, and the lateral correlation length of the ML show that the ML transform in two stages with a cross‐over temperature of about 515 ± 15 K. This behavior cannot be simply explained by the change in the measured interdiffusion coefficient below and above the cross‐over temperature, suggesting the formation of FePt nanograins along the interfaces.
Organocatalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Pellissier Hélène 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn the last decade, the first examples of organocatalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) processes have been described, considerably expanding the synthetic scope of this powerful process which allows the resolution of racemic compounds with up to 100% yield. Today, a significant number of chiral organocatalysts are available that afford excellent levels of stereocontrol in various reactions evolving through DKR that could only previously be achieved using biocatalysts. The goal of the present review is to cover the works dealing with organocatalytic reactions evolving through DKR. This review is subdivided into four sections, according to the different types of organocatalysts employed in these reactions, such as Cinchona alkaloid catalysts, catalysts derived from amino acids, hydroxy acid catalysts, and miscellaneous organocatalysts.Abbreviations: Ac: acetyl; Ar: aryl; BINOL: 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol; Bn: benzyl; Bu: butyl; c: cyclo; Cbz: benzyloxycarbonyl; CPME: cyclopentyl methyl ether; Cy: cyclohexyl; DABCO: 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; de: diastereomeric excess; DKR: dynamic kinetic resolution; DMF: dimethylformamide; Dmpe: 1,2‐bis(dimethylphosphino)‐ethane; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DYKAT: dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation; ee: enantiomeric excess; Et: ethyl; Fmoc: 9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl; Fu: furyl; Me: methyl; MTBE: methyl tert‐butyl ether; Naph: naphthyl; Pent: pentyl; Ph: phenyl; PMP: p‐methoxyphenyl; Pr: propyl; TBHP: tert‐butyl hydroperoxide; TEA: triethylamine; THF: tetrahydrofuran; Thio: thiophene; TMS: trimethylsilyl; Tol: tolyl.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling of Benzyl Halides with Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates in Aqueous Media
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA general palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative cross‐coupling reaction of benzyl chlorides with potassium aryltrifluoroborates in water has been developed. Applying this improved methodology 16 different 1,2‐diarylethanones have been synthesized in 40–89% yield.