bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Report of subsequent key comparison CCQM - K73.2018.2 amount content of H+ in hydrochloric acid (0.1 mol/kg-1)
Authors: Máriássy Michal , Hanková Zuzana , Petrenko Anton , Melnykov Oleksandr , Melnyk Volodymyr , Lameko Oleksandr , Borges Paulo Paschoal , Sobral Sidney Pereira 
Published: April 2024

Main text
The subsequent key comparison K73.2018.2 was performed to demonstrate the capability of the participating institutes to measure the amount content of H+ in hydrochloric acid as a follow-up of the previous key comparison CCQM-K73.2018. A HCl solution of a slightly different composition to that in CCQM-K73.2018 was used.
There were two institutes and SMU as the coordinating laboratory participating in this subsequent comparison. UkrCSM obtained results in good agreement with the reference value; INMETRO results exhibited a large bias due to a calculation error found only after disclosure of the results.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
How the spherical modes of gravitational waves can be detected despite only seeing one ray
Authors: Torres-Orjuela Alejandro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The spherical modes of gravitational waves (GWs) have become a major focus of recent detection campaigns due to the additional information they can provide about different properties of the source. However, GW detection is restricted to only detecting one ray and hence it is not obvious how we can extract information about angular properties. In this note, we introduce a new gauge that makes visible GW detection does not only contain information on the second time derivative but also on the angular derivatives of the GW. In particular, we show that the angular derivatives are of the same order as the time derivatives of the wave thus allowing us to constrain the spherical modes. To further illustrate the detection of the spherical modes, we discuss how the evolution of the orbit of the source and thus the phase of the wave depends on them.
A residual fully convolutional network (Res-FCN) for electromagnetic inversion of high contrast scatterers at an arbitrary frequency within a wide frequency band
Authors: Hu Hao-Jie , Li Jiawen , Xiao Li-Ye , Cheng Yu , Liu Qing Huo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many successful machine learning methods have been developed for electromagnetic (EM) inverse scattering problems. However, so far, their inversion has been performed only at the specifically trained frequencies. To make the machine learning based inversion method more generalizable for realistic engineering applications, this work proposes a residual fully convolutional network (Res-FCN) to perform EM inversion of high contrast scatterers at an arbitrary frequency within a wide frequency band. The proposed Res-FCN combines the advantages of the Res-Net and the fully convolutional network (FCN). Res-FCN consists of an encoder and a decoder: the encoder is employed to extract high-dimensional features from the measured scattered field through the residual frameworks, while the decoder is employed to map from the high-dimensional features extracted by the encoder to the electrical parameter distribution in the inversion region by the up-sample layer and the residual frameworks. Four numerical examples verify that the proposed Res-FCN can achieve good performance in the 2D EM inversion problem for high contrast scatterers with anti-noise ability at an arbitrary frequency point within a wide frequency band.
Research on the stress magnetic coupling effect of a permalloy based on an optimized Jiles Atherton model in magnetic shielding devices
Authors: Sun Jinji , Ren Jianyi , Zhou Weiyong , Jiang Qian , Wang Pengfei , Sai Ting , Tang Jiqiang , Ye Jing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Magnetic shielding devices are extensively used in the measurement of quantum physics, the static magnetic field shielding layer made of permalloy in the magnetic shielding device will work under different stresses. Due to the magnetic properties of permalloy being sensitive to the applied stress, it is necessary to establish a magnetic property model considering stress to accurately evaluate the residual magnetic field in magnetic shielding devices under different stresses. However, the measurement and modeling of the magnetic properties of permalloy under different stresses have not been considered in relevant research. In this paper, the magnetic properties of permalloy under different tensile and compressive stresses were measured, and the optimized Jiles Atherton (JA) model of permalloy considering stress constructed. The parameters of the JA model are extracted by a genetic algorithm,-the particle swarm optimization algorithm, through measurement. Finally, the effectiveness of the model in predicting magnetic properties is validated. The JA optimization model considering stress can improve the calculation accuracy of magnetic shielding devices, which is of great significance for the design and application of magnetic shielding devices.
A dynamic phase separation model for glass transition behavior in water-triggered shape memory polymer towards programmable recovery onset
Authors: Shi Jiabin , Lu Haibao , Zheng Tengfei , Fu Yong-Qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Water-triggered shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been extensively studied for biomedical applications due to their advantages of non-thermal actuation capability. However, few studies have been carried out to explore the working principle of shape recovery onset, which is essentially determined by the complex reactions between polymer macromolecules and water molecules. In this study, we developed a phase separation model to describe the dynamic glass transition in water-triggered SMPs. Based on the phase transition theory, dense and dilute phase separations of polymer macromolecules can be achieved when the dynamic diffusions of water molecules in the SMPs undergo dehydration and absorption processes, respectively. Then, the dynamic glass transition is resulted from the dehydration and absorption of water molecules, leading to the dense and dilute phases in the SMPs. Therefore, a free-energy equation has been developed to characterize the recovery onset, in which the mixing free energy and elastic free energy are originated from the Flory–Huggins solution theory and phase separation model, respectively. Moreover, the glass transition and its connection to shape recovery behaviors, i.e. recovery ratio, relaxation time and dynamic mechanical modulus, have also been investigated, according to the Fick’s diffusion law. Meanwhile, onset of programmable recovery has been explained by the dynamic phase separation, based on the transpiration theory and permeability model. Finally, the proposed model is verified using the experimental results reported in the literature. This study is expected to provide a fundamental approach to formulate the constitutive relationship between the dynamic phase separation and programmable recovery onset in the water-triggered SMPs.
Optimization of thermo-spin voltage in vertical nanostructures by geometrical means
Authors: Gao Fupeng , Hu Shaojie , Wang Dawei , Kimura Takashi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The thermo-spin conversion provides new concepts for further developing the green energy-harvesting technology because spin can be controlled with minimal energy in nanostructures. Through theoretical analysis of thermo-spin generation, transportation and conversion in ferromagnet/non-ferromagnet/heavy metal (FM/NM/HM) vertical structures, we found that the output transverse thermo-spin voltage is independent of the structure’s width, but varies linearly with the structure’s length. To validate our predictions, we fabricated the thermo-spin devices with a CoFeAl/Cu/Pt structure. Our results indicate that FM/NM/HM structures can be utilized to design flexible thermo-spin conversion devices.
Stacking-dependent interlayer magnetic interactions in CrSe2
Authors: Yang Xinlong , Xie Xiaoyang , Yang Wenqi , Wang Xiaohui , Li Menglei , Zheng Fawei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recently, CrSe2, a new ferromagnetic van der Waals two-dimensional material, was discovered to be highly stable under ambient conditions, making it an attractive candidate for fundamental research and potential device applications. Here, we study the interlayer interactions of bilayer CrSe2 using first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that the interlayer interaction depends on the stacking structure. The AA and AB stackings exhibit antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer interactions, while the AC stacking exhibits ferromagnetic (FM) interlayer interaction. Furthermore, the interlayer interaction can be further tuned by tensile strain and charge doping. Specifically, under large tensile strain, most stacking structures exhibit FM interlayer interactions. Conversely, under heavy electron doping, all stacking structures exhibit AFM interlayer interactions. These findings are useful for designing spintronic devices based on CrSe2.
Ultra-broadband absorbance of nanometer-thin pyrolyzed-carbon film on silicon nitride membrane
Authors: Jorudas Justinas , Rehman Hamza , Cojocari Maria , Pashnev Daniil , Urbanowicz Andrzej , Kašalynas Irmantas , Bertoni Benedetta , Vicarelli Leonardo , Pitanti Alessandro , Malykhin Sergei , Svirko Yuri , Kuzhir Polina , Fedorov Georgy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Fifty percents absorption by thin film, with thickness is much smaller than the skin depth and optical thickness much smaller than the wavelength, is a well-known concept of classical electrodynamics. This is a valuable feature that has been numerously widely explored for metal films, while chemically inert nanomembranes are a real fabrication challenge. Here we report the 20 nm thin pyrolyzed carbon film (PyC) placed on 300 nm thick silicon nitride (Si3N4) membrane demonstrating an efficient broadband absorption in the terahertz and near infrared ranges. While the bare Si3N4 membrane is completely transparent in the THz range, the 20 nm thick PyC layer increases the absorption of the PyC coated Si3N4 membrane to 40%. The reflection and transmission spectra in the near infrared region reveal that the PyC film absorption persists to a level of at least 10% of the incident power. Such a broadband absorption of the PyC film opens new pathways toward broadband bolometric radiation detectors.
Silver nanowires/waterborne polyurethane composite film based piezoresistive pressure sensor for ultrasensitive human motion monitoring
Authors: Zhang Chengshe , Zhou Yimin , Ye Cui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors are gaining significant attention, particularly in the realm of flexible wearable electronic skin. Here, a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor was developed with a broad sensing range and high sensitivity. We achieved this by curing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on sandpaper, creating a PDMS film as the template with a micro-protrusion structure. The core sensing layer was formed using a composite of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) with a similar micro-protrusion structure. The sensor stands out with its exceptional sensitivity, showing a value of 1.04 × 106 kPa−1 with a wide linear range from 0 to 27 kPa. It also boasts a swift response and recovery time of 160 ms, coupled with a low detection threshold of 17 Pa. Even after undergoing more than 1000 cycles, the sensor continues to deliver stable performance. The flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor based on AgNWs/WPU composite film (AWCF) can detect small pressure changes such as pulse, swallowing, etc, which indicates that the sensor has great application potential in monitoring human movement and flexible wearable electronic skin.
A note on cascade flux laws for the stochastically-driven nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Bedrossian Jacob 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this note we point out some simple sufficient (plausible) conditions for ‘turbulence’ cascades in suitable limits of damped, stochastically-driven nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a d-dimensional periodic box. Simple characterizations of dissipation anomalies for the wave action and kinetic energy in rough analogy with those that arise for fully developed turbulence in the 2D Navier–Stokes equations are given and sufficient conditions are given which differentiate between a ‘weak’ turbulence regime and a ‘strong’ turbulence regime. The proofs are relatively straightforward once the statements are identified, but we hope that it might be useful for thinking about mathematically precise formulations of the statistically-stationary wave turbulence problem.
TIST-Net: style transfer in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI using spatial and temporal information
Authors: Tattersall Adam G , Goatman Keith A , Kershaw Lucy E , Semple Scott I K , Dahdouh Sonia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Training deep learning models for image registration or segmentation of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI data is challenging. This is mainly due to the wide variations in contrast enhancement within and between patients. To train a model effectively, a large dataset is needed, but acquiring it is expensive and time consuming. Instead, style transfer can be used to generate new images from existing images. In this study, our objective is to develop a style transfer method that incorporates spatio-temporal information to either add or remove contrast enhancement from an existing image. Approach. We propose a temporal image-to-image style transfer network (TIST-Net), consisting of an auto-encoder combined with convolutional long short-term memory networks. This enables disentanglement of the content and style latent spaces of the time series data, using spatio-temporal information to learn and predict key structures. To generate new images, we use deformable and adaptive convolutions which allow fine grained control over the combination of the content and style latent spaces. We evaluate our method, using popular metrics and a previously proposed contrast weighted structural similarity index measure. We also perform a clinical evaluation, where experts are asked to rank images generated by multiple methods. Main Results. Our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on three datasets (kidney, prostate and uterus) achieving an SSIM of 0.91 ± 0.03, 0.73 ± 0.04, 0.88 ± 0.04 respectively when performing style transfer between a non-enhanced image and a contrast-enhanced image. Similarly, SSIM results for style transfer from a contrast-enhanced image to a non-enhanced image were 0.89 ± 0.03, 0.82 ± 0.03, 0.87 ± 0.03. In the clinical evaluation, our method was ranked consistently higher than other approaches. Significance. TIST-Net can be used to generate new DCE-MRI data from existing images. In future, this may improve models for tasks such as image registration or segmentation by allowing small training datasets to be expanded.
Carrier mobility dependence of indium antimonide-bismide on carrier concentration, temperature, and bismuth composition grown on semi-insulating gallium arsenide substrate
Authors: Loke Wan Khai , Tan Kian Hua , Wicaksono Satrio , Yoon Soon Fatt 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We explore the impact of carrier concentration, temperature, and bismuth (Bi) composition on the carrier mobility of indium antimonide-bismide (InSb1−x
Bi
x
) material. Utilizing the molecular beam epitaxy method, we achieved high Bi composition uniformity. This method also enables the InSb1−x
Bi
x
to be grown on semi-insulating GaAs substrate, effectively preventing parallel electrical conduction during Hall effect measurement. Our findings reveal that InSb1−x
Bi
x
doped with silicon (Si) and tellurium (Te) consistently exhibit n-type conductivity. In contrast, InSb1−x
Bi
x
doped with beryllium (Be) exhibit a transition from n to p type conductivity, subjected to the Be doping level and the measurement temperature. Based on these observations, we proposed an empirical model describing the dependence of InSb1−x
Bi
x
electron mobility on carrier concentration, temperature, and Bi composition, specifically for Si and Te-doped InSb1−x
Bi
x
samples. These insights gained from this study hold potential application in photodetector device simulations.
Fabrication of plasmonic junction diodes based on Ag@ZnO core-shell nanostructures
Authors: Erdogan Erman , Canpolat Nurtac , Aydogan Sakir , Yilmaz Mehmet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, Ag nanoparticles and Ag@ZnO core–shell nanostructures were prepared using the wet chemical method and these nanostructures were used for Ag@ZnO/p-Si diode fabrication. Structural, morphological, and optical characterization techniques were applied for Ag@ZnO core–shell NPs prepared by using different molarity of precursor ZnCl2 (10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM) and showed that the effect of increasing precursor amount on these physical properties of nanoparticles is important. For Ag@ZnO, transmission electron microscopy shows an average diameter of Ag nanoparticles was 51.32 nm and Ag@ZnO core–shell nanostructures were found to be between 31 and 92 nm. The UV-visible absorbance also shows significant plasmonic resonance for NPs, with a slight red shift increasing precursor molarity. The peaks are found to be from 412 nm to 432 nm. This redshift in surface plasmon absorption of Ag@ZnO core–shell structures are consistent with XPS survey. The current–voltage (I-V) characteristic curves of heterojunction diodes were taken in the dark and at room temperature, and it was observed that they showed a rectifying feature. Ideality factor and barrier height values have been found between 2.14 and 3.87, and 0.56 and 0.78, respectively. The results revealed that Ag@ZnO was successfully synthesized and can be used in rectification applications.
On the renormalisation group, protein folding, and naturalness
Authors: Patrascu Andrei T 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
I am showing how the ideas behind the renormalisation group can be generalised in order to produce the desired reduction in the degrees of freedom, other that the ones considered up to now. Instead of looking only at the renormalisation group flow, inspiration from optimisation tools for regulators of truncated theories is used to show that there exists another mathematical structure, in the morphisms between various renormalisation groups, characterised by their operations, encoded by means of various regularisation functions. This expands the idea of renormalisation group to a renormalisation category. A group structure exists at the level of those morphisms, leading to new information emerging in the flowing process. Impact on problems like the naturalness and protein folding is being presented briefly.
Transmission in graphene through a double laser barrier
Authors: El Aitouni Rachid , Mekkaoui Miloud , Jellal Ahmed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the tunneling behavior of Dirac fermions in graphene subjected to a double barrier potential profile created by spatially overlapping laser fields. By modulating the graphene sheet with an oscillating structure formed from two laser barriers, we aim to understand how the transmission of Dirac fermions is influenced by such a light-induced electric potential landscape. Using the Floquet method, we determine the eigenspinors of the five regions defined by the barriers applied to the graphene sheet. Applying the continuity of the eigenspinors at barrier edges and using the transfer matrix method, we establish the transmission coefficients. These allow us to show that oscillating laser fields generate multiple transmission modes, including zero-photon transmission aligned with the central band ε and photon-assisted transmission at sidebands ε + l
ϖ, with l = 0, ± 1, ⋯ and frequency ϖ. For numerical purposes, our attention is specifically directed towards transmissions related to zero-photon processes (l = 0), along with processes involving photon emission (l = 1) and absorption (l = − 1). We find that transmission occurs only when the incident energy is above the threshold energy ε > k

y
+ 2ϖ, with transverse wave vector k

y
. We find that the variation in distance d

1

separating two barriers of widths
d
2 − d
1 suppresses one transmission mode. Additionally, we show that an increase in laser intensity modifies transmission sharpness and amplitude.
Integrated study of the structural and magnetic characteristics of Nd(Mn, Cr)0.5O3: exploring perovskite material
Authors: Altowairqi Yasir , Shariq Mohammad , Alasmari Aeshah , Alshehri Khairiah , Alayyafi AbdulAziz A , Alzahrani Ali , Akermi Mehdi , Ali Syed Kashif , Khan Mohd Shakir , Abdul Azeez Noorjahan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, a perovskite material, Nd(Mn,Cr)0.5O3, is synthesized by a sol–gel chemical route method, and the structural and magnetic properties of the prepared samples were studied for a range of annealing temperatures. The variation of structural parameters against annealing temperatures is analyzed via Rietveld refinement, and it exhibits orthorhombic cubic geometry with non-monotonically increasing lattice parameters. lattice strain is due to canting in the Cr3+ and Mn3+ ions and the presence of strain is also confirmed by the shifting of XRD peaks towards a higher 2θ angle. The obtained Goldschmidt tolerance factor is 0.87, which confirms the stability of the perovskite structure. The magnetic properties of the prepared samples show the ferromagnetic transition temperature ranging from 86.5 K to 82.2 K due to super-exchange interaction between Cr3+ and Mn3+ ions via oxygen ions. The stability in crystal structure, lower value of strain, and ferromagnetic nature at low temperature for the samples annealed up to1000 °C may make this material applicable for magnetic data storage.
BD-YOLO: detection algorithm for high-resolution remote sensing images
Authors: Lou Haitong , Liu Xingchen , Bi Lingyun , Liu Haiying , Guo Junmei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on detecting extremely small targets in aerial images. Compared to common datasets, the average size of targets in remote sensing images is only 12.8 pixels, significantly smaller than those in common datasets. Therefore, directly applying existing detectors to aerial images is ineffective. To address this issue and ensure real-time performance, This paper propose BD-YOLO, which incorporates five key innovations. A dual Backbone route was proposed to maintain data integrity and achieve high-resolution aerial remote sensing detection. Additionally, a new feature fusion method was developed to comprehensively merge shallow and deep information. To supplement small-sized target information, a new network structure was proposed. The detector strategy used by BD-YOLO considers the detection accuracy of objects with different sizes. Furthermore, a lightweight method was adopted to ensure real-time performance of the algorithm. BD-YOLO outperformed YOLOv8s on the AI-TOD dataset, achieving a higher mAP by 2.4%. Similarly, on the Visdrone dataset, BD-YOLO achieved a 2.5% higher mAP compared to YOLOv8s. Additionally, on the Tinyperson dataset, BD-YOLO achieved a 0.6% higher mAP than YOLOv8s. Notably, BD-YOLO maintains real-time performance while ensuring accurate object detection.