bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF ACUTE SIMULATED AND ACUTE GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) DAMAGE ON GROWTH RATES AND YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM)
Authors: Olfert O. O. , Mukerji M. K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractStudies showed that the type of damage, the timing of damage with the phenological stage of the crop, and the amount of available soil moisture influenced the growth response of spring wheat to acute levels of grasshopper damage and acute levels of artificial damage. Ground-level cutting of plants resulted in the greatest reduction in plant biomass and crop yield, while grasshopper damage and artificial stripping of leaf material did not result in as severe a reduction in either biomass or yield.Damaged plants were not able to recover lost biomass when damage occurred any later than the early stages of tillering despite observed relative growth rates which were higher than control plants. The greatest degree of recovery occurred in study sites with the greatest amount of available soil moisture.The most detrimental effect of damage on yield was the reduction of heads per plant and kernel weight. In most cases differences in the number of seeds per head between damaged and control plants were not evident.
PUCERONS NOUVEAUX ET PEU CONNUS DU MEXIQUE 4eNOTE: NOUVELLES ESPECES DETUBERCULATUSSUBG.TOLTECALLISSUBG. NOV. (HOM. APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Remaudière G. , Quednau F. W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractTuberculatus(Toltecallis) subg. nov. is characterized by the spiculation of the dorsal hairs of nymphs and by the basal pigmentation of the tibiae which differs from that ofT. (Pacificallis). Three species are classified in the subgenus:T. (T.)mexicanussp. n. (type of subgenus), distinguished by its long processus terminalis,T. (T.)garciamartellisp. n. with spinal processes restricted to the two first abdominal segments and with short and thin spinal hairs on the embryo, andT. (T.)spiculatusRichards with processes on tergites I–IV and very long spinal setae on the embryo; the subspeciesrebecaesubsp. nov. of the last species has siphunculi and apical rostral segment longer and narrower at the base than inspiculatuss. str.The viviparous winged form, the embryo, and the alatoid nymph are described. The sexual forms are unknown. All the species live onQuercusin the central part of Mexico between an elevation of 2200 and 2700 m.
NESTMATE DISCRIMINATION AMONG LABORATORY OVERWINTERED FOUNDRESSES OF THE PAPER WASP, POLISTES FUSCATUS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)
Authors: Bornais Kathleen M. , Larch Christine M. , Gamboa George J. , Daily Raymond B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractApproximately 140 gynes of the paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus, were overwintered in the laboratory with their natal nest and nestmates. After a 14 day isolation period, three marked female nestmates were placed into a nesting box with three marked female nestmates from a presumably unrelated colony. Fifteen nesting boxes were constructed, each with six gynes from two different sister groups. The identities of paired gynes (spaced ≤5 cm apart) and foundresses on nests were recorded in blind observations. Sisters preferentially paired (P <.0001) prior to nesting. Of 18 foundress associations formed at newly constructed nests, 16 consisted of sister groups.
INTRA- AND INTERPOPULATION VARIATION IN THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PREADULT DEVELOPMENT OF TWO LATITUDINALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS OF TOXORHYNCHITES RUTILUS SEPTENTRIONALIS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Trimble R. M. , Lund C. T. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractLinear regression analysis was used to estimate the developmental threshold, t0, and thermal constant, K, for all preadult stages of two laboratory colonies of the mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis (Dyar and Knab). The colonies originated from Newark, Delaware and Lake Charles, Louisiana. The physiological and ecological significance of the within- and the between-population differences in the slopes of the regressions,t0's and K's, are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND FOOD DEPRIVATION ON SURVIVAL OF FIRST-INSTAR DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTHS (ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Beckwith Roy C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractMortality of neonatal Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae varied from 0% to 100% depending on the rearing temperature and duration of food deprivation. Lower temperatures apparently favor larval survival under starvation conditions. For each period of food deprivation, mortality occurs earlier as the temperature increases; this shift to earlier mortality was significant at P <.01. Some implications are discussed.
SYNOPSIS OF TYPHLOCYBA SUBGENUS EMPOA FITCH, WITH A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GILLETTEI COMPLEX (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEmpoides Vilbaste, 1968 is synonymized with Empoa Fitch, 1851, which is treated as a subgenus of Typhlocyba Germar, 1833, with 9 new combinations. The male genitalia are illustrated. The gillettei complex, consisting of 14 Nearctic species with identical male genitalia, is analyzed using 90 series taken on identified hosts. T. bella and T. unifasciata n. spp. are described from eastern Canada, and three new synonymies based on colour variation are presented: Empoa acericola Christian, 1953 and E. caryata Christian, 1953 = E. gillettei Van Duzee, 1917, and E. elmata Christian, 1953 = T. saffrana McAtee, 1926. A key to the species of the gillettei complex is included.
PHENOLOGY OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) IN NEW YORK STATE APPLE ORCHARDS,
Authors: Mague Diane L. , Reissig W. Harvey 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPheromone trapping studies from 1979 to 1981 showed that there were two periods of San Jose scale,Quadraspidiotus perniciosus(Comstock), male flight activity annually in western New York apple orchards. Spring flight, which resulted from overwintering black caps, began at ca. 94–140 degree-days (base 10 °C from 1 March) and occurred during bloom in the apple varieties studied. First generation crawlers emerged at ca. 360 degree-days. Second generation crawlers emerged at ca. 890 degree-days and were active throughout September. Regression analyses showed a logistic relationship between crawler density and fruit infestation, and inverse linear relationships between pheromone trap catches and San Jose scale infestation levels within trees.
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA) OF THE YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
Authors: Ferris Clifford D. , dos Passos Cyril F. , Ebner James A. , Lafontaine J. Donald 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEighty-three butterfly species are credited to the fauna of the Yukon Territory, with an additional three deemed questionable. Species enumerated represent a compilation of both historic and current literature, and the records of collectors. The total includes previously unpublished records from the Canadian National Collection, but does not include unpublished records from any major museums in the United States. Approximately 30 collectors contributed field data.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TWO BACULOVIRUSES AND SEVERAL INSECT PARASITES
Authors: Hotchkin Phyllis G. , Kaya Harry K. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSeveral parasites were surveyed for their ability to develop to pupation in virus-infected hosts. The tachinid Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), the ichneumonids Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) and Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck), and the braconid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) developed to pupation in the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), infected with either the Hawaiian strain of granulosis virus (HGV) or the hypertrophy strain of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HNPV). The braconid Chelonus insularis Cresson died after its HGV- or HNPV-infected host P. unipuncta died. On the other hand, the braconid Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh) died in HNPV-infected P. unipuncta before the host died. Some of these parasites had tissues that were melanized and some were encapsulated by the host. The ichneumonid H. exiguae and the braconids Chelonus insularis and Cotesia marginiventris developed to pupation in HGV-infected Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). In some cases, developmental time of parasites in virus-infected hosts was longer than in control hosts.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF INSECTS ON REGROWTHS OF ESTABLISHED ALFALFA FIELDS IN ONTARIO
Authors: Smith S. M. , Ellis C. R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDamage caused by Empoasca fabae (Harris) and Philaenus spumarius (L.), caged on second and third alfalfa harvests, was additive. Numbers of E. fabae were linearly correlated negatively with plant height, leaf area, and percentage protein, and positively with percentage chlorosis. Perceptible stunting and yellowing occurred with mean infestations per stem of 0.09 E. fabae and 0.6 P. spumarius nymphs. P. spumarius adults reduced plant height only at infestations of 0.3/stem, while 0.6 nymph/stem also reduced dry weight. E. fabae reduced protein at 0.11/stem and dry weight and leaf area at higher populations of 0.17/stem. None of these parameters was affected on subsequent regrowths. Lygus lineolaris (P. de B.) could not be maintained on pre-bloom alfalfa and was not considered a pest. Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) reduced protein at levels of 0.01 bug/stem and dry weight at 0.06 bug/stem but results were confounded by high mortality. Field populations of all these species were reduced by the second cutting but redeveloped on the regrowth. Although applications of dimethoate (200 g AI/ha) and dimethoate (200 g AI/ha) plus endosulphan (280 g AI/ha) were effective in reducing populations of E. fabae, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), A. lineolatus, and Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), insecticides were cost-effective on only one field. This field had 1.9 E. fabae/sweep and a 3% loss in protein resulted. Plant height, density, dry weight, protein content, and overwintering survival were not significantly affected at harvest in other fields. With the exception of E. fabae, the sum of the maximum field populations, each expressed as a fraction of its threshold, did not reach 50% of an economic threshold.
PERSISTENCE OF NEODIPRION SERTIFER (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS ON PINUS CONTORTA FOLIAGE
Authors: Kaupp W. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe persistence of Neodiprion sertifer nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) on Pinus contorta foliage samples collected from sawfly infested plantations located throughout Britain was studied. Sawfly density and disease epizootiology varied between localities. Results from the bioassay of branch samples, divided into bark, needle base and foliage samples, indicated that N. sertifer NPV produced during a single virus epizootic can persist for at least 2 years on the pine foliage. Bark and needle base samples were found to be contaminated with NPV more often than foliage samples, perhaps reflecting the effect of weathering on the persistence of virus on the needle surface.
SURVIVAL OF ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), IN FIELD-CURING OF ALFALFA
Authors: Alicandro Alfred J. , Peters T. Michael 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSimulated windrow experiments revealed that 32.0 ± 8.4% or 3rd-instar Agromyza frontella (Rondani) larvae completed development and formed puparia in alfalfa hay during field curing; 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae suffered almost complete mortality. Under a management schedule where first harvest was at 10% bloom, adult emergence was 45% higher from soil under windrowed hay than from soil under strips immediately raked. Development of A. frontella in hay being field-cured is discussed in relation to crop pest management and crop management options.
THE WING LENGTH OF LENTIC CAPNIIDAE (PLECOPTERA) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ELEVATION AND WISCONSIN GLACIATION
Authors: Donald D. B. , Patriquin D. E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAlong the Continental Divide in Alberta, British Columbia, and Montana three species of Capniidae were common at some lakes (Capnia confusa Claassen, Isocapnia integra Hanson, and Utacapnia trava (Nebeker and Gaufin)). Females of all three species had substantial reduction in wing length at least at one lake, while most lentic populations had slightly shorter wings than a macropterous river population of the same species. For females of all three species there was a weak positive relationship between functional wing length and lake elevation. Furthermore, there was also a significant negative relationship between functional wing length and the approximate year of Wisconsin deglaciation for C. confusa and U. trava. Suitable data were not available to test the significance of this relationship for I. integra. However, the relationships between wing length and elevation, and between wing length and Wisconsin deglaciation, suggest that wing length of these three capniid species is related to lake age. Present day wing length might be explained by selection for brachypterism over recent millennia.
THE WOLF SPIDER GENUS ALLOCOSA IN NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE)
Authors: Dondale C. D. , Redner J. H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAllocosa Banks, 1904, with type-species Lycosa funerea Hentz, 1844, is diagnosed on the presence of apomorphic characters in the external genitalia, and is hypothesized to represent the sister-group of the remaining North American lycosine genera. Eighteen species are found in North and Central America, namely, A. funerea (Hentz), A. mulaiki (Gertsch), comb, n., A. sublata (Montgomery), A. chamberlini (Gertsch), A. pylora Chamberlin, A. furtiva (Gertsch), comb, n., A. absoluta (Gertsch), comb, n., A. floridiana (Chamberlin), A. apora (Gertsch), A. noctuabunda (Montgomery), A. panamena Chamberlin, A. chamberlini (Gertsch), A. mokiensis (Gertsch), A. subparva sp. n., A. parva (Banks), A. veracruzana (Gertsch and Davis), A. utahana sp. n., and A. mexicana (Banks), comb. n.
THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EFFICACY OF THREE PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES AGAINST THE GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (FAB.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE), UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Hinks C.F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThree pyrethroids, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, and cyfluthrin, were assayed against 2nd-instar nymphs of the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab.) at 5 dosages and at 5 post-treatment temperatures ranging from 15.6 to 37.8°C. All three showed a negative temperature coefficient of toxicity but there was considerable variation in the pattern of response. Deltamethrin proved to be the most effective and cyfluthrin the least effective, both in terms of the amount of active ingredient required for 90% mortality and in having the lowest negative coefficient, respectively. The extent of the negative temperature coefficient of toxicity was much more pronounced at the LD90 than the LD50. Apparent mortality was recorded at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment and with each of the pyrethroids, recovery of some hoppers took place after 24 h. This phenomenon of delayed recovery was greatest at the lower temperatures.
THE ORIGIN AND RELATIONSHIPS OF SPELOBIA TENEBRARUM (ALDRICH), A TROGLOBITIC, EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN, SPHAEROCERID FLY
Authors: Marshall Stephen A. , Peck Stewart B. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSpelobia tenebrarum is a troglobitic sphaerocerid restricted to a large number of isolated eastern North American caves. The Quaternary origin of this species from its sister species, S. semioculata, is discussed.
CONTACT TOXICITY OF TWENTY-ONE INSECTICIDES TO ADULTS OF THE CARROT RUST FLY (DIPTERA: PSILIDAE)
Authors: Harris C.R. , Turnbull S.A. , McLeod D.G.R. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDirect-contact toxicity tests were done with 21 insecticides to assess their potential for controlling adults of the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Psilidae). Chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, fensulfothion, carbofuran, cypermethrin, and mevinphos were 1.2 to 2.8 ×, and deltamethrin 22 ×, more toxic to flies (24–48 h old) than was diazinon, the insecticide currently used most commonly to suppress first-generation adults of the carrot rust fly.
COLD TOLERANCE OF PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA AND PERIDROMA SAUCIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Ayre G.L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPupae and 3rd-instar larvae of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) survived longer at 0 and −2°C than other immature stages, and insects reared at 15°C were more cold tolerant than those reared at 20°C. Egg survival at 0°C varied greatly among replicates suggesting genetic differences among females. No adults survived 2 weeks at 0°C. Peridroma saucia (Hub.) would not rear satisfactorily at 15°C and, other than eggs, all stages tested were from rearings at 20°C. Eggs from adults at 15°C were more cold tolerant than those from adults at 20°C. There were no differences in survival among any of the larval stages or pupae. Some adults survived 6 weeks at 0°C. No stage of either species survived over 8 weeks at 0°C nor 4 weeks at −2°C indicating that overwintering on the Canadian prairies is unlikely.
OBSERVATIONS ON NESTING BEHAVIOR AND TURRET CONSTRUCTION BYODYNERUS DILECTUS(HYMENOPTERA: EUMENIDAE)
Authors: Schaber B.D. 
Published: December 2009

A search is being conducted to determine the indigenous parasites and predators of the alfalfa weevil,Hypera postica(Gyll.), in Alberta (Schaber 1981). A clearer understanding of the biology of the predatorOdynerus dilectusSaussure will augment control of the alfalfa weevil in an integrated pest management program.Odynerus dilectushas been recorded in the United States (Bohartet al.1982) and in Alberta, Canada (Strickland 1947). In California, Linsley and Michener (1942) reported that females stocked their nests with small caterpillars, but Bohartet al.(1982) reported that in Utah females ofO. dilectusprovisioned their nests with larvae of the alfalfa weevil. This paper summarizes data about the nesting and prey-provisioning behavior ofO. dilectusin southern Alberta.
COMPARATIVE PATHOGENICITY OF NOSEMA ACRIDOPHAGUS HENRY AND NOSEMA CUNEATUM HENRY (MICROSPORIA: NOSEMATIDAE) FOR MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (FAB.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Erlandson M.A. , Mukerji M.K. , Ewen Al B. , Gillott C. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractNosema acridophagus Henry was shown to be more virulent than N. cuneatum Henry to 3rd-instar nymphs of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab.) following peroral inoculation with 1.0 × 106, 105, 104, or 103 spores/individual. The lethal time was dose dependent and significantly shorter and the lethal dose (LD50) was significantly lower in grasshoppers inoculated with N. acridophagus than for those inoculated with N. cuneatum. Grasshoppers inoculated with N. acridophagus died earlier and a smaller proportion survived to the adult stage compared with those inoculated with N. cuneatum. Nosema acridophagus was more infectious at the lower doses than was N. cuneatum; however, N. cuneatum reached an intensity of infection in host tissues which was 2–10 times higher. Both microsporidians appeared to have similar pathogenicity for both individually and group-reared M. sanguinipes.
CONE AND SEED INSECTS IN DOUGLAS-FIR,PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII(MIRB.) FRANCO, SEED ORCHARDS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: DISTRIBUTION AND RELATIVE IMPACT
Authors: Schowalter T.D. , Haverty M.I. , Koerber T.W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDouglas-fir cones were collected from 17 seed orchards in California, Oregon, and Washington in the fall of 1983. Cones were completely dissected and seed losses ascribed to the Douglas-fir cone gall midge (Contarinia oregonensis(Foote)), the Douglas-fir seed chalcid (Megastigmus spermotrophus(Wachtl)), the Douglas-fir cone moth (Barbara colfaxiana(Kearfott)), and the fir coneworm (Dioryctria abietivorella(Groté)). There appear to be great differences between orchards, but overallC. oregonensisandM. spermotrophuscollectively destroyed approximately 70% of the filled seed. Physiographic province significantly (P<0.05) explained variation in damage by all insect species between seed orchards. In general, damage by all species increased from northern provinces to southern mountainous provinces. Damage byC. oregonensisandB. colfaxianaappeared to be related to land use or management factors, as well.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF APHID PREDATORS AND PARASITOIDS ON PUBESCENT POTATO PLANTS
Authors: Obrycki John J. , Tauber Maurice J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractDuring 2 field seasons, Coccinellidae (primarily Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni, Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia convergens, H. tridecimpunctata, and H. glacialis) were the most abundant predators on potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum × S. berthaultii, F3) with various densities of glandular pubescence. Highly pubescent clones had the highest percentage of predator eggs, while clones with the lowest trichome densities had the highest percentages of immature and adult predators. By comparison, high numbers of aphid parasitoid mummies (primarily Aphidius and Praon spp.) occurred on clones with moderate to high densities of glandular pubescence. During both years, predators and parasitoids were most abundant in late July and August.
THE LIFE HISTORY AND IMMATURE STAGES OF BANCHUS FLAVESCENS (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN WESTERN CANADA
Authors: Arthur A.P. , Mason P.G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBanchus flavescens Cresson is the most abundant hymenopterous parasitoid of the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata Walker, in western Canada. The females attack 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars of the host. The speed of parasitoid development is adjusted so that the 2nd instar is completed when the host finishes feeding. Banchus flavescens has an obligate diapause and overwinters as a prepupa within a cocoon in the soil. Notes on life history and descriptions of the egg and 5 larval instars of B. flavescens are given.
DEVELOPMENTAL, SURVIVAL, AND REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF BERTHA ARMYWORM, MAMESTRA CONFIGURATA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON FOUR PLANT SPECIES
Authors: Turnock W. J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe species of plant on which larvae of Mamestra configurata (Wlk.) fed had significant effects on the rate of larval development, larval and pupal survival, pupal weight, the percentage of females that mated, and the number of fertile eggs/mated female. Among the four plant species tested, using living plants, the canola cultivars (Brassica napus cv. Regent and B. campestris cv. Candle) were approximately equal in suitability, lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album) was less suitable, and lentils (Lens culinaris cv. Chilean) was unsuitable as food for M. configurata. The parameters recorded for larval survival, pupal weight, and the number of eggs/female on the most suitable food plants were higher than those recorded previously for larvae reared on excised leaves of suitable hosts.
CERATOZETIDAE OF THE WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN ARCTIC
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe Ceratozetidae of arctic western North America, represented by 12 species in 9 genera, are discussed. A new genus,Cyrtozetes, and species,Cyrtozetes denaliensis, are proposed, andTrichoribates copperminensisHammer,T. polarisHammer,Svalbardia paludicolaThor,Iugoribates gracilisSellnick,Diapterobates notatus(Thorell) both adults and immatures,D. variabilisHammer,Sphaerozetes arcticusHammer,Fuscozetes sellnickiHammer,Melanozetes longisetosusHammer, andCeratozetes spitsbergensisThor andC. parvulusSellnick are redescribed. Immatures ofT. polaris,S. paludicola,F. sellnicki, andM. longisetosusare described. Distribution records ofCeratozetes gracilis(Michael) in the western North American arctic are listed. The new combination,Cyrtozetes shiranensis(Aoki and Fujikawa), is proposed.