bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saturation power dependence of amide proton transfer image contrasts in human brain tumors and strokes at 3 T
Authors: Zhao Xuna , Wen Zhibo , Huang Fanheng , Lu Shilong , Wang Xianlong , Hu Shuguang , Zu Donglin , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAmide proton transfer (APT) imaging is capable of detecting mobile cellular proteins and peptides in tumor and monitoring pH effects in stroke, through the saturation transfer between irradiated amide protons and water protons. In this work, four healthy subjects, eight brain tumor patients (four with high‐grade glioma, one with lung cancer metastasis, and three with meningioma), and four stroke patients (average 4.3 ± 2.5 days after the onset of the stroke) were scanned at 3 T, using different radiofrequency saturation powers. The APT effect was quantified using the magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) asymmetry at 3.5 ppm with respect to the water resonance. At a saturation power of 2 μT, the measured APT‐MRI signal of the normal brain tissue was almost zero, due to the contamination of the negative conventional magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry. This irradiation power caused an optimal hyperintense APT‐MRI signal in the tumor and an optimal hypointense signal in the stroke, compared to the normal brain tissue. The results suggest that the saturation power of 2 μT is ideal for APT imaging of these two pathologies at 3 T with the existing clinical hardware. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early initiation of toilet training for urine was associated with early urinary continence and does not appear to be associated with bladder dysfunction
Authors: Yang Stephen Shei‐Dei , Zhao Lu‐Lu , Chang Shang‐Jen 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo report the relationship between the ages initiating toilet training for urinary continence (TTU) and bladder function in healthy kindergarteners.Patients and MethodsIn 3 years, we evaluated urinary continence status and bladder function in 318 healthy kindergarteners. Children with congenital anomaly, neurological disorder, or developmental disability were excluded. A parent completed the questionnaire including the age at initiation and the duration of TTU, the current status of daytime and nighttime continence, the age of attaining daytime and nighttime continence, frequency of defecation and Bristol Stool Scale. All children underwent uroflowmetry and post‐void residual urine (PVR) examinations.ResultsFinally, 235 respondents (106 boys/129 girls, mean age = 4.8 ± 0.9 years) were eligible for analysis. The mean age initiating TTU was 24.4 ± 8.4 months (range: 1–52 months). Girls started TTU earlier than boys (23.3 months vs. 25.7 months, P = 0.03). Children started daytime TTU earlier (≤18, 19–24, and >24 months, N = 66, 71, and 98, respectively) was associated with earlier attainment of both daytime and nighttime continence (correlation coefficient = 0.60 and 0.31, respectively, P < 0.01). Children started nighttime TTU earlier (<30 months vs. ≥30 months) was associated with early attainment of nighttime continence and lower rate of enuresis (14.3% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.01). The prevalence rate of repeat abnormal uroflow patterns and repeat elevated PVR (>20 ml) was not different between early and late TTU.ConclusionEarly toilet training for urine was associated with early attainment of both daytime and nighttime urinary continence, and does not appear to be associated with bladder dysfunction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1253–1257, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of optimal cues to instruction for pelvic floor muscle contraction: A pilot study using 2D ultrasound imaging in pre‐menopausal, nulliparous, continent women
Authors: Crotty Kay , Bartram Clive I. , Pitkin Joan , Cairns Mindy C. , Taylor Paul C. , Dorey Grace , Chatoor Dave 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAimsOptimal urethrovesical positioning (UVP) may be important for continence. Pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC) influences UVP. PFMC instruction cues vary and often encourage anterior PFM recruitment that may result in sub‐maximal posterior facilitation. Study hypothesis: posterior or combined cues are more influential in optimizing UVP during PFMC following a brief practice period than anterior cue.MethodsSeventeen pre‐menopausal, nulliparous, continent women were taught selective PFMC using different cues: anterior; posterior; anterior and posterior combined. Perineal ultrasound images of three PFMC for each cue were captured in supine and standing twice, 5 min apart. For reliability two raters measured data using angle of urethral inclination (AUI). Data analysis was undertaken using a customized General Linear Model ANOVA testing for interactions between all variables; subject, cue, posture, and test. Post hoc Bonferroni correction was used with a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe ANOVA showed significant differences between variables (P = 0.000). Post hoc analysis indicated significant differences between posterior and anterior cues 4.240° (P = 0.003); combined and anterior 3.756° (P = 0.009) but not between posterior and combined cues −0.484° (P = 1.00). Mean difference in AUI between supine and standing was 9.496° (P = 0.000); however, the interaction of cues and postures was not significant.ConclusionsAUI was significantly more acute/optimal when PFMC instruction included a posterior cue. This may be due to optimal recruitment of puborectalis and other posterior regional muscles which may be sub‐maximally recruited with anterior cue. Investigation of the potential impact of these findings and possible usefulness of standardized instructions in PFM training is required. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1620–1626, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Graph labelings derived from models in distributed computing: A complete complexity classification
Authors: Chalopin Jérémie , Paulusma Daniël 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe discuss 11 known basic models of distributed computing: four message‐passing models that differ by the (non)existence of port‐numbers and a hierarchy of seven local computations models. In each of these models, we study the computational complexity of the decision problems if the leader election and if the naming problem can be solved on a given network. It is already known that these two decision problems are solvable in polynomial time for two models and are co‐NP‐complete for another one. Here, we settle the computational complexity for both problems in the remaining eight models by showing that they are co‐NP‐complete. We do this by translating each problem into a graph labeling problem. By using this technique, we also obtain an alternative proof for the already known co‐NP‐completeness result. In the second part of our article, we completely classify the computational complexity of all the corresponding graph labeling problems, i.e., for every fixed integer
$k\geq 1$ we determine the complexity of the problem that asks whether a given graph allows a certain graph labeling that uses at most k labels. We also explain the close relationship of these labelings to graph homomorphisms that satisfy some further (global or local) constraints. This yields a new class of “constrained” graph homomorphisms that include the already known locally constrained graph homomorphisms. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2011
Factors affecting attendance at postpartum diabetes screening in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sterne VL , Logan T , Palmer MA 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUp to 50% of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) will be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes within five years. Attendance rates at postpartum screening are only 48‐56%. As the barriers or facilitators to screening attendance among women diagnosed with GDM have not previously been determined, this study aimed to examine the barriers and facilitators to attendance at postpartum diabetes screening as reported by women following a recent history of GDM.This study was a cross‐sectional telephone survey of Australian women diagnosed with GDM in a Queensland hospital during the period July 2006 to June 2007. Rates of attendance at postpartum diabetes screening were assessed, and reported barriers and facilitators to postpartum screening were grouped into themes.Of 187 eligible participants, 88 women were surveyed (aged 33±6 years, parity 1 [0‐5]). Half (53.4%) of respondents attended postpartum diabetes screening. Barriers to screening included a lack of awareness of the need to attend screening, the inconvenience associated with the two to three hour length of the OGTT, and the need to attend screening with infants and young children. Reported facilitators included improved awareness of the need for screening, multiple reminders, and a more pleasant and convenient test.Facilitation strategies aimed at increasing the awareness of postpartum diabetes risks and promoting the provision of accurate and consistent screening advice from medical providers may assist in improving attendance at postpartum diabetes screening. A more acceptable screening test and establishment of a national database for routine screening reminders may also encourage women to attend postpartum diabetes screening. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
What do patients prefer: insulin pumps or multiple daily injections and structured education?
Authors: Clark LF , Bilbie JC , Abraham P 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPotential advantages of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) over multiple daily injections (MDI) include improved glycaemia, and reduced frequency and severity of hypoglycaemia. In our hospital, to be considered for CSII, patients must be using MDI, and then undergo a Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) structured education course.We reviewed the records of the 21 patients with type 1 diabetes who had sequentially undergone MDI, then DAFNE and are now treated with CSII.HbA1c improved as patients increased the intensity of the management of diabetes despite reductions in total daily insulin dose. Patients did a similar number of home blood glucose tests per day and spent a similar amount of time managing their diabetes.Contacts with health care team members were the same for all modalities in the first three months but reduced for those on MDI with or without having completed a structured education course, while contacts with the health care team remained higher on pumps. Patients were generally satisfied with all modalities of treatment and would recommend each modality.The input into the management of diabetes from both patients and health care professionals remained high even after the initial stages of being commenced on CSII therapy. This reflects the additional input needed in assessing the various basal rates and other ratios. However, patient preference was in favour of pumps in this select group who had sequentially experienced all three options. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Proteomic analysis reveals a virtually complete set of proteins for translation and energy generation in elementary bodies of the amoeba symbiont Protochlamydia amoebophila
Authors: Sixt Barbara S. , Heinz Christian , Pichler Peter , Heinz Eva , Montanaro Jacqueline , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Ammerer Gustav , Mechtler Karl , Wagner Michael , Horn Matthias 
Published: March 2011

AbstractChlamydiae belong to the most successful intracellular bacterial pathogens. They display a complex developmental cycle and an extremely broad host spectrum ranging from vertebrates to protozoa. The family Chlamydiaceae comprises exclusively well‐known pathogens of humans and animals, whereas the members of its sister group, the Parachlamydiaceae, naturally occur as symbionts of free‐living amoebae. Comparative analysis of these two groups provides valuable insights into chlamydial evolution and mechanisms for microbe–host interaction. Based on the complete genome sequence of the Acanthamoeba spp. symbiont Protochlamydia amoebophila UWE25, we performed the first detailed proteome analysis of the infectious stage of a symbiotic chlamydia. A 2‐D reference proteome map was established and the analysis was extensively complemented by shotgun proteomics. In total, 472 proteins were identified, which represent 23.2% of all encoded proteins. These cover a wide range of functional categories, including typical house‐keeping proteins, but also putative virulence‐associated proteins. A number of proteins that are not encoded in genomes of Chlamydiaceae were observed and the expression of 162 proteins classified as hypothetical or unknown proteins could be demonstrated. Our findings indicate that P. amoebophila exploits its additional genetic repertoire (compared with the Chlamydiaceae), and that its elementary bodies are remarkably well equipped with proteins involved in transcription, translation, and energy generation.
Membrane‐SPINE: An improved method to identify protein–protein interaction partners of membrane proteins in vivo
Authors: Müller Volker S. , Jungblut Peter R. , Meyer Thomas F. , Hunke Sabine 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMembrane proteins are crucial for many essential cellular processes. As membrane proteins function in complexes, methods to detect and to characterize membrane protein–protein interactions are undoubtedly required. Therefore, we developed the “Membrane‐Strep‐tagged protein interaction experiment” (Membrane‐SPINE) that combines the specific purification of a Strep‐tagged membrane protein with the reversible fixation of protein complexes by formaldehyde cross‐linking. In combination with MS analysis, we suggest Membrane‐SPINE as a powerful tool to identify unknown interaction partners of membrane proteins in vivo.
Protein spot detection and quantification in 2‐DE gel images using machine‐learning methods
Authors: Tsakanikas Panagiotis , Manolakos Elias S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) is the most established protein separation method used in expression proteomics. Despite the existence of sophisticated software tools, 2‐DE gel image analysis still remains a serious bottleneck. The low accuracies of commercial software packages and the extensive manual calibration that they often require for acceptable results show that we are far from achieving the goal of a fully automated and reliable, high‐throughput gel processing system. We present a novel spot detection and quantification methodology which draws heavily from unsupervised machine‐learning methods. Using the proposed hierarchical machine learning‐based segmentation methodology reduces both the number of faint spots missed (improves sensitivity) and the number of extraneous spots introduced (improves precision). The detection and quantification performance has been thoroughly evaluated and is shown to compare favorably (higher F‐measure) to a commercially available software package (PDQuest). The whole image analysis pipeline that we have developed is fully automated and can be used for high‐throughput proteomics analysis since it does not require any manual intervention for recalibration every time a new 2‐DE gel image is to be analyzed. Furthermore, it can be easily parallelized for high performance and also applied without any modification to prealigned group average gels.
TMPRSS2/ERG fusion gene expression alters chemo‐ and radio‐responsiveness in cell culture models of androgen independent prostate cancer
Authors: Swanson Todd A. , Krueger Sarah A. , Galoforo Sandra , Thibodeau Bryan J. , Martinez Alvaro A. , Wilson George D. , Marples Brian 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPURPOSE/OBJECTIVESThe androgen regulated transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) and ETS transcription factor (ERG) gene fusion is a strong prognostic factor for disease recurrence following prostatectomy. Expression of TMPRSS2/ETS‐related gene (ERG) fusion gene transcripts is linked with tumor proliferation, invasion, and an aggressive phenotype. The aim of this study was to define the effect of TMPRSS2/ERG fusion gene expression on chemo‐ and radiosensitivity in prostate tumor cell lines.MATERIALS/METHODSClonogenic survival of PC3 and DU145 cells stably expressing TMPRSS2/ERG Types III and VI fusion genes was measured after X‐irradiation (0–8 Gy) and Paclitaxel. Cell cycle changes and DNA double‐strand break induction and repair were assessed. Differential gene expression was measured by microarray analysis. ERG signaling pathway interactions were studied using Ariadne Pathway Studio.RESULTSExpression of the TMPRSS2/ERG fusions in PC3 cells increased radiation sensitivity and decreased paclitaxel sensitivity. Increased radiosensitivity was associated with persistent DNA breaks 24 hr post‐irradiation, down‐regulation of genes involved in DNA repair and mitosis and up‐regulation of ETV, an ETS transcription factor. However, DU145 Types III and VI demonstrated a different sensitivity phenotype and gene expression changes. Pathway analysis of ERG signaling further illustrated the variation between the PC3 and DU145 cell lines containing TMPRSS2/ERG fusions.CONCLUSIONSThe effect of TMPRSS2/ERG gene fusions had differing effects on radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity depending on cell line and fusion type. Further work is needed with clinical samples to establish whether TMPRSS2/ERG gene fusions affect radio‐ and chemosensitivity in vivo. Prostate 71:1548–1558, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enzymatically active prostate‐specific antigen promotes growth of human prostate cancers
Authors: Williams Simon A. , Jelinek Christine A. , Litvinov Ivan , Cotter Robert J. , Isaacs John T. , Denmeade Samuel R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate specific antigen (PSA) is the best‐known member of the kallikrein‐related peptidase family, with an established role as a prostatic disease biomarker. Although it is produced at high levels by all stages of prostate cancer, it is uncertain if PSA plays a role in prostate cancer initiation and progression. We decided to investigate the impact of PSA and its enzymatic activity on tumor cell growth rates.METHODSA gene‐specific shRNA lentiviral construct reduced endogenous PSA expression in the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line. Resulting changes in growth rates in vitro and in vivo were determined. Using a mass spectroscopy‐based approach, alterations to the LNCaP proteome due to reduced PSA were measured. Finally, to evaluate the importance of PSA's proteolytic activity, the PSA‐null Du145 human prostate cancer cell line was engineered to express either enzymatically inactive pro‐PSA (WT) or a furin‐activated variant (FR) with high enzymatic activity. The resulting clones were evaluated for PSA‐induced changes in growth rates in vivo and in vitro.RESULTSLowered PSA levels dramatically reduced LNCaP growth rates. Expressing active PSA (FR), but not the inactive WT variant, conferred a growth advantage on Du145 cells. Proteomics analysis revealed global changes to the LNCaP proteome as a result of reduced PSA expression.CONCLUSIONSThese studies demonstrate the importance of PSA to prostate cancer cell growth. We also show that the enzymatic activity of PSA confers an enhanced growth rate to human prostate cancer cells, suggesting a causal role in prostate cancer progression. Prostate 71:1595–1607, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The 17th Annual Prostate Cancer Foundation scientific retreat: Meeting report
Authors: Ericson Katrin Rhodes , Simons Jonathan W. , Soule Howard R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAnnually the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) organizes a scientific retreat to assemble the premier prostate cancer researchers from around the world to share and review the latest progress made in the field and to evaluate future directions. This report highlights some of the most significant advances made in prostate cancer research in 2010 that were presented at the 17th Annual PCF Scientific Retreat. Prostate 71:1616–1620, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control failure likelihood and spatial dependence of insecticide resistance in the tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta
Authors: Silva Gerson A , Picanço Marcelo C , Bacci Leandro , Crespo André Luiz B , Rosado Jander F , Guedes Raul Narciso C 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Insecticide resistance is a likely cause of field control failures of Tuta absoluta, but the subject has been little studied. Therefore, resistance to ten insecticides was surveyed in seven representative field populations of this species. The likelihood of control failures was assessed, as well as weather influence and the spatial dependence of insecticide resistance.RESULTS: No resistance or only low resistance levels were observed for pyrethroids (bifenthrin and permethrin), abamectin, spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis and the mixture deltamethrin + triazophos (<12.5‐fold). In contrast, indoxacarb exhibited moderate levels of resistance (up to 27.5‐fold), and chitin synthesis inhibitors exhibited moderate to high levels of resistance (up to 222.3‐fold). Evidence of control failures was obtained for bifenthrin, permethrin, diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron and B. thuringiensis. Weather conditions favour resistance to some insecticides, and spatial dependence was observed only for bifenthrin and permethrin.CONCLUSION: Insecticide resistance in field populations of the tomato pinworm prevails for the insecticides nowadays most frequently used against them—the chitin synthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron, triflumuron and teflubenzuron). Local selection favoured by weather conditions and dispersal seem important for pyrethroid resistance evolution among Brazilian populations of T. absoluta and should be considered in designing pest management programmes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Field evaluation of a self‐propelled sprayer and effects of the application rate on spray deposition and losses to the ground in greenhouse tomato crops
Authors: Sánchez‐Hermosilla Julián , Rincón Víctor J , Páez Francisco , Agüera Francisco , Carvajal Fernando 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: In the greenhouses of south‐eastern Spain, plant protection products are applied using mainly sprayers at high pressures and high volumes. This results in major losses on the ground and less than uniform spray deposition on the canopy. Recently, self‐propelled vehicles equipped with vertical spray booms have appeared on the market. In this study, deposition on the canopy and the losses to the ground at different spray volumes have been compared, using a self‐propelled vehicle with vertical spray booms versus a gun sprayer. Three different spray volumes have been tested with a boom sprayer, and two with a spray gun.RESULTS: The vehicle with the vertical spray boom gave similar depositions to those made with the gun, but at lower application volumes. Also, the distribution of the vertical spray boom was more uniform, with lower losses to the ground.CONCLUSIONS: The vertical spray booms used in tomato crops improve the application of plant protection products with respect to the spray gun, reducing the application volumes and the environmental risks of soil pollution. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Non‐equilibrium carrier dynamics and many body effects in highly excited GaN
Authors: Kyhm Kwangseuk , Rota Lucio , Taylor Robert A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractUltrafast non‐equilibrium carrier dynamics and many body effects have been investigated in GaN beyond the Mott density. The transient (∼1 ps) induced absorption was observed near the band edge due to band gap renormalisation; collision broadening and temporal evolution of the mean carrier energy were also obtained experimentally. The development of the longitudinal optical (LO)‐phonon induced non‐thermal electron distribution observed in the pump‐probe at early times (≤1 ps) was in excellent agreement with a Monte‐Carlo simulation, where the mean carrier energy loss rate of screened carrier‐phonon interactions was found to be further reduced due to the hot phonon effect. magnified image
Schematic diagram of non‐equilibrium carrier dynamics.