bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pesticide transport with runoff from creeping bentgrass turf: Relationship of pesticide properties to mass transport
Authors: Rice Pamela J. , Horgan Brian P. , Rittenhouse Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The off-site transport of pesticides with runoff is both an agronomic and environmental concern, resulting from reduced control of target pests in the area of application and contamination of surrounding ecosystems. Experiments were designed to measure the quantity of pesticides in runoff from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) turf managed as golf course fairway to gain a better understanding of factors that influence chemical availability and mass transport. Less than 1 to 23% of applied chloropyrifos, flutolanil, mecoprop-p (MCPP), dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), or dicamba was measured in edge-of-plot runoff when commercially available pesticide formulations were applied at label rates 23 ± 9 h prior to simulated precipitation (62 ± 13 mm). Time differential between hollow tine core cultivation and runoff did not significantly influence runoff volumes or the percentage of applied chemicals transported in the runoff. With the exception of chlorpyrifos, all chemicals of interest were detected in the initial runoff samples and throughout the runoff events. Chemographs of the five pesticides followed trends in agreement with mobility classifications associated with their soil organic carbon partition coefficient (KOC). Data collected from the present study provides information on the transport of chemicals with runoff from turf, which can be used in model simulations to predict nonpoint source pollution potentials and estimate ecological risks. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1209–1214. © 2010 SETAC
Specific in vitro toxicity of crude and refined petroleum products: II. Estrogen (α and β) and androgen receptor-mediated responses in yeast assays
Authors: Vrabie Cozmina M. , Candido Angelica , van Duursen Majorie B.M. , Jonker Michiel T.O. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe present study is the second in a series aiming at a systematic inventory of specific toxic effects of oils. By employing a recombinant yeast stably transfected with human estrogen receptor-α (ERα) or -β (ERβ) or androgen receptor (AR) and expressing yeast enhanced green fluorescent protein, the (anti-)estrogenicity and (anti-)androgenicity of 11 crude oils and refined products were studied. None of the oils tested had significant estrogenic effects in the ERα assay or androgenic effects in the AR assay. However, all oils were capable of inducing estrogenic responses in the ERβ assay, with several responses being above even the maximal response of the standard 17β-estradiol (E2). Based on the lowest effect concentrations, the potencies of oils in all the assays were between four and seven orders of magnitude lower than those of the standards E2 or testosterone (T). The potencies of the actual individual petrochemical agonists may, however, be relatively high, considering the complex composition of oils. Additive effects, antagonistic effects, and a synergistic effect were measured in the assays upon coexposure to a fixed concentration of standard (E2 or T) and increasing concentrations of oils. To investigate whether the observed effects were receptor-mediated, coexposures to the synthetic inhibitors ICI 182,780 (ERβ assay) or flutamide (AR assay), a fixed concentration of standard, and various concentrations of oils were performed. The results suggested that the androgenic effects were receptor mediated, whereas the estrogenic effects may be only partially mediated via the receptor. The present study indicates that oils contain compounds with possible endocrine-disrupting potential, some of them acting via the hormone receptors. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1529–1536. © 2010 SETAC
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and hormones in sewage sludge
Authors: Nieto Antonio , Borrull Francesc , Pocurull Eva , Marcé Rosa Maria 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The present study evaluates the presence of nine hormones and their conjugates and 20 pharmaceuticals such as anti-inflammatories, lipid regulators, and antibiotics among others in sewage sludge from two sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the Tarragona area (Spain) for the period March 2007 until March 2008. Target analytes have been determined using different methods involving pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography (electrospray ionization) tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS). Most of the pharmaceuticals and hormones were found at low micrograms per kilogram dry weight levels in the sewage sludge samples analyzed. Some compounds were present in all samples, such as acetaminophen, caffeine, carbamazepine, and ibuprofen, among others. Other compounds, such as estriol, were found only in the STP of Reus. The compounds that showed the highest concentration in both STPs were roxithromycin and tylosin (1,446 and 1,958 µg/kg dry wt, respectively). The presence of these compounds in sewage sludge demonstrated that they are partially or totally removed from the influent wastewater by sorption into the sewage sludge. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1484–1489. © 2010 SETAC
Dioxin-like and perfluorinated compounds in pigs in an Indian open waste dumping site: Toxicokinetics and effects on hepatic cytochrome P450 and blood plasma hormones
Authors: Watanabe Michio X. , Kunisue Tatsuya , Tao Lin , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Subramanian Annamalai , Tanabe Shinsuke , Iwata Hisato 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Dioxins and related compounds (DRCs) and perfluorinated compounds were measured in the livers of pigs (Sus scrofa) collected from an open waste dumping site in South India. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; up to 200 ng/g wet wt) were significantly higher in male and female pigs, respectively, collected from the dumping site than in those from a reference site. Results suggest that dumping sites are a source of DRCs and PFOS. Hepatic concentrations of DRCs in piglets were higher than in mothers, especially for the congeners with molecular weights in the range of 360 to 400, implying congener-specific maternal transfer of DRCs in swine. Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and some non-ortho dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the liver of pigs were higher than those in the adipose fat and muscle of the same specimens. In addition, the liver-to-adipose concentration ratios for each congener had a significant positive correlation with the levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A-like protein, suggesting congener-specific and CYP1A-dependent hepatic sequestration of DRCs in the swine. Total hepatic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs; 8.9–350 pg/g fat wt) had a significant positive correlation with CYP1A-like protein expression (r = 0.56, p = 0.012), suggesting the induction of CYP1A by DRCs. However, the total TEQs had a significant negative correlation with CYP4A-like protein (r = −0.49, p = 0.029), suggesting repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα)-mediated signaling pathway by DRCs. Decreases in plasma total thyroxine (T4), free T4, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G were also found in pigs from the dumping site compared with those from the reference site. This study provides insight into the toxicological impacts of DRCs and perfluorinated compounds in wild animals from open waste dumping sites. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1551–1560. © 2010 SETAC
Dose–response relationship, kinetics of formation, and persistence of S-[2-(N7-guanyl)-ethyl]glutathione–DNA adduct in livers of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) exposed in vivo to ethylene dichloride
Authors: Jemal Ahmedin , Barker Steven A. , Means Jay C. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFormation of DNA adducts by reactive chemicals or their metabolites are often a precursor of mutagenesis and other adverse effects. Studies in juvenile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were conducted to determine the dose–response, kinetics of formation, and persistence of S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl]glutathione hepatic–DNA adducts following a 4-h in vivo aqueous exposure to ethylene dichloride (EDC) at several dose levels. S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl] glutathione adducts were detectable in liver tissue after 2 h of exposure and were still detectable three weeks after a single pulse exposure (detection limit = ∼10 fmol, ∼1 DNA adduct in 107 bases). Pretreatment of catfish with the glutathione-depleting agent diethylmaleate significantly reduced the level of tissue glutathione levels and, as a result, DNA adducts were not detected in pretreated fish. Catfish may serve as a useful sentinel species for detecting DNA-reactive chemicals in aquatic systems. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1537–1544. © 2010 SETAC
Particle-specific sorption/desorption properties determine test compound fate and bioavailability in toxicity tests withChironomus riparius—high-resolution studies with lindane
Authors: Åkerblom Nina , Goedkoop Willem , Nilsson Tobias , Kylin Henrik 
Published: April 2010

AbstractWe studied the sorption (batch equilibrium experiments) and desorption (consecutively harsher supercritical fluid extractions) of lindane to different types of sediment and food particles, as well as larval uptake in standardized peat-based artificial sediment toxicity tests with the midge Chironomus riparius. Lindane sorption to organic particles was fast and efficient, reaching 98 ± 0.1 and 97 ± 0.1% of added compound in 48 h for peat and Tetraphyll®, respectively, and 77 ± 0.2% in whole sediment. Sorption to inorganic particles, that is, sand and kaolin clay, was much lower, 9.6 ± 1.3% and 8.3 ± 0.8%, respectively. Supercritical fluid extractions showed that most of the lindane sorbed to organic particles and sediment was loosely bound, as only 9 to 14% remained associated with particles after weak and intermediate extractions strengths. Larval uptake of dissolved lindane was 4.9 ± 0.71 and 10.8 ± 1.2 µg/g wet weight in 22 and 68 µg/L treatments, respectively, and four to five times higher than that of particle-associated lindane, ranging 1.0 ± 0.15 to 2.7 ± 0.21 µg/g in the above treatments. Surprisingly, larval uptake of lindane was similar from refractory peat and the more labile Tetraphyll particles. Despite an efficient larval uptake of dissolved lindane, sorption/desorption of lindane to/from Tetraphyll particles will facilitate digestive uptake in toxicity tests, particularly in spiked-water scenarios where food particles may act as vectors. Our results show that the exposure scenario is an important determinant for the behavior and bioavailability of test compounds in standardized toxicity tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1520–1528. © 2010 SETAC
Productivity, embryo and eggshell characteristics, and contaminants in bald eagles from the Great Lakes, USA, 1986 to 2000
Authors: Best David A. , Elliott Kyle H. , Bowerman William W. , Shieldcastle Mark , Postupalsky Sergej , Kubiak Timothy J. , Tillitt Donald E. , Elliott John E. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractChlorinated hydrocarbon concentrations in eggs of fish-eating birds from contaminated environments such as the Great Lakes of North America tend to be highly intercorrelated, making it difficult to elucidate mechanisms causing reproductive impairment, and to ascribe cause to specific chemicals. An information- theoretic approach was used on data from 197 salvaged bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) eggs (159 clutches) that failed to hatch in Michigan and Ohio, USA (1986–2000). Contaminant levels declined over time while eggshell thickness increased, and by 2000 was at pre-1946 levels. The number of occupied territories and productivity increased during 1981 to 2004. For both the entire dataset and a subset of nests along the Great Lakes shoreline, polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs, fresh wet wt) were generally included in the most parsimonious models (lowest-Akaike's information criterion [AICs]) describing productivity, with significant declines in productivity observed above 26 µg/g ΣPCBs (fresh wet wt). Of 73 eggs with a visible embryo, eight (11%) were abnormal, including three with skewed bills, but they were not associated with known teratogens, including ΣPCBs. Eggs with visible embryos had greater concentrations of all measured contaminants than eggs without visible embryos; the most parsimonious models describing the presence of visible embryos incorporated dieldrin equivalents and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE). There were significant negative correlations between eggshell thickness and all contaminants, with ΣPCBs included in the most parsimonious models. There were, however, no relationships between productivity and eggshell thickness or Ratcliffe's index. The ΣPCBs and DDE were negatively associated with nest success of bald eagles in the Great Lakes watersheds, but the mechanism does not appear to be via shell quality effects, at least at current contaminant levels, while it is not clear what other mechanisms were involved. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1581–1592. © 2010 SETAC
Assessing the fate and effects of nano aluminum oxide in the terrestrial earthworm, Eisenia fetida
Authors: Coleman Jessica G. , Johnson David R. , Stanley Jacob K. , Bednar Anthony J. , Weiss Charles A. , Boyd Robert E. , Steevens Jeffery A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Nano-sized aluminum is currently being used by the military and commercial industries in many applications including coatings, thermites, and propellants. Due to the potential for wide dispersal in soil systems, we chose to investigate the fate and effects of nano-sized aluminum oxide (Al2O3), the oxidized form of nano aluminum, in a terrestrial organism. The toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of micron-sized (50–200 µm, nominal) and nano-sized (11 nm, nominal) Al2O3 was comparatively assessed through acute and subchronic bioassays using the terrestrial earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Subchronic (28-d) studies were performed exposing E. fetida to nano- and micron-sized Al2O3-spiked soils to assess the effects of long-term exposure. No mortality occurred in subchronic exposures, although reproduction decreased at ≥3,000 mg/kg nano-sized Al2O3 treatments, with higher aluminum body burdens observed at 100 and 300 mg/kg; no reproductive effects were observed in the micron-sized Al2O3 treatments. In addition to toxicity and bioaccumulation bioassays, an acute (48-h) behavioral bioassay was conducted utilizing a soil avoidance wheel in which E. fetida were given a choice of habitat between control, nano-, or micron-sized Al2O3 amended soils. In the soil avoidance bioassays, E. fetida exhibited avoidance behavior toward the highest concentrations of micron- and nano-sized Al2O3 (&gt;5,000 mg/kg) relative to control soils. Results of the present study indicate that nano-sized Al2O3 may impact reproduction and behavior of E. fetida, although at high levels unlikely to be found in the environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1575–1580. © 2010 SETAC
Predicting mercury concentrations and fluxes in the water column and sediment of lakes with a limited dataset
Authors: Ethier Adrienne L.M. , Lean David R.S. , Scheuhammer Anton M. , Bodek Tamar , Sosso-Kolle Kethy 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mercury (Hg) Environmental Ratios Multimedia Ecosystem Sources (HERMES) model on two Ontario, Canada lakes (Harp and Dickie) and to include modifications to enable the model to estimate the major model input variables that tend to be missing for lakes with limited datasets. No significant differences were found for either sediment solid or bulk water total mercury (THg) when the HERMES model was applied to the two Ontario lakes, regardless of whether all available data were altered during application or only the 10 variables that tend to cause the most variation in model output (i.e., concentration of THg in atmosphere, water inflow THg concentration, water inflow rate, water volume, surface area, mean depth, suspended particulate matter concentration, settling rate of solids in water column, water temperature, and precipitation rate). Since measured sediment and water THg values do not exist for most lakes removed from industrial activities, empirical relationships were incorporated into the HERMES model framework to provide a method to double-check model output for lakes where this information is unavailable. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:1457–1465. © 2010 SETAC
Dynamic parallel Galerkin domain decomposition procedures with grid modification for parabolic equation
Authors: Sun Tongjun , Ma Keying 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDynamic parallel Galerkin domain decomposition procedures with grid modification for semi‐linear parabolic equation are given. These procedures allow one to apply different domain decompositions, different grids, and interpolation polynomials on the sub‐domains at different time levels when necessary, in order to capture time‐changing localized phenomena, such as, propagating fronts or moving layers. They rely on an implicit Galerkin method in the sub‐domains and simple explicit flux calculation on the inter‐domain boundaries by integral mean method to predict the inner‐boundary conditions. Thus, the parallelism can be achieved by these procedures. These procedures are conservative both in the sub‐domains and across inter‐boundaries. The explicit nature of the flux prediction induces a time step limitation that is necessary to preserve stability, but this constraint is less severe than that for a fully explicit method. Stability and convergence analysis in L2‐norm are derived for these procedures. The experimental results are presented to confirm the theoretical results. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Satisfaction, motivation, and intent to stay among Ugandan physicians: a survey from 18 national hospitals
Authors: Luboga Sam , Hagopian Amy , Ndiku John , Bancroft Emily , McQuide Pamela 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveUganda faces a colossal shortages of human resources for health. Previous literature has largely focused on those who leave. This paper reports on a study of physicians working in 18 public and private facilities in Uganda as part of a larger study of more than 641 hospital‐based health workers in Uganda. We report what could entice physicians to stay longer, satisfaction with current positions, and future career intentions.MethodsThis study took place in 18 Ugandan hospitals. We describe the 49 physicians who participated in 11 focus groups and the 63 physicians who completed questionnaires, out of a larger sample of 641 health workers overall.FindingsOnly 37% of physicians said they were satisfied with their jobs, and 46% reported they were at risk of leaving the health sector or the country. After compensation, the largest contributors to dissatisfaction among physicians were quality of management, availability of equipment and supplies (including drugs), quality of facility infrastructure, staffing and workload, political influence, community location, and professional development.ConclusionPhysicians in our study were highly dissatisfied, with almost half the sample reporting a risk to leave the sector or the country. The established link in literature between physician dissatisfaction and departure from the health system suggests national and regional policy makers should consider interventions that address the contributors to dissatisfaction identified in our study. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity profiling: An integrated effect-based tool for site-specific sediment quality assessment
Authors: Hamers Timo , Leonards Pim EG , Legler Juliette , Vethaak A Dick , Schipper Cor A 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A toxicity profile is a toxicological “fingerprint” of an environmental sample, obtained by testing its extract in a battery of bioassays. Each represents a different mode of action. The present work explores the applicability of in vitro toxicity profiles as an effect-based tool for sediment quality assessment. For this purpose, a previously published dataset was used, in which sediment extracts from 15 different locations in the Rhine–Meuse estuary were tested in 5 different bioassays. Three useful approaches could be distinguished for applying toxicity profiles in sediment quality assessment. In the first approach, toxicity profiles are translated into hazard profiles, indicating the relative distance to the desired or acceptable sediment quality status for each toxic mode of action. Hazard profiles can be considered as location-specific characteristics; sampling locations with similar hazard profiles can be classified into clusters. This approach seems directly applicable but requires a very careful selection of a reference toxicity profile that is either measured at a reference location or is designated as a desirable or acceptable toxicity profile for that particular location. In the second approach, toxicity profiles are translated into ecological risk profiles indicating for each toxic mode of action the ratio between the actual measured bioassay response and the bioassay response level that is considered safe for environmental health. This approach has a high ecological relevance but is only feasible for a few modes of action for which toxicity data are available at the ecological level of population or higher that allow derivation of ecologically safe bioassay responses for sediment extracts. In the third approach, toxicity profiles and their derived hazard profiles are used to select samples with unusually or unexpectedly high bioassay responses for further in-depth effect-directed analysis (EDA). EDA is a powerful strategy to identify emerging compounds that contribute significantly to the toxic load on the environment. EDA is an expensive and laborious strategy, however, making it currently suitable only for investigative monitoring on a limited scale and not for routine monitoring. Future perspectives in toxicity profiling include expansion of the battery of bioassays with test methods that cover other toxic endpoints or multiple endpoints, are high throughput, and improve the ecological relevance. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6:761–773. © 2010 SETAC
Improved contact procedure for implicit finite element sheet forming simulation
Authors: Zhuang S. , Lee M. G. , Keum Y. T. , Kim J. H. , Wagoner R. H. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractTo enhance the reliability and efficiency of implicit finite element (FE) sheet forming simulations, a contact search method consisting of a global search procedure and a newly developed local search procedure was formulated to work with the N‐CFS solution algorithm, described in the literature. The method enforces and searches for contact search along the mesh normal direction using an irregular triangular mesh‐patch tool description. To take into account sheet thickness in contact analysis for shell elements, the contact distance error was reformulated. These improvements were implemented into the implicit FE program SHEET‐3 and tested numerically with several forming problems. The results show that the contact algorithm for general tools, including sheet thickness, is as accurate and efficient as special closed‐form approaches using analytical tool descriptions. Taking the sheet thickness into account can make improvements in the solution, in terms of shapes and forces, depending on the details of the problem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A coarse‐grained molecular dynamics model for crystalline solids
Authors: Li Xiantao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA general mathematical framework for coarse‐graining molecular dynamics (MD) model for solid system is presented. The formulation is based directly on the full MD model. The reduction of the atomic degrees of freedom is accomplished using the Mori–Zwanzig projection method. We also demonstrate how to simplify the model under this framework to make the numerical implementation much easier. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.