bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The graphic novel as metafiction
Authors: Atkinson Paul 
Published: April 2010

This article takes as its object of analysis the graphic novel adaptation of Paul Auster's novel City of Glass (1985) by Paul Karasik and David Mazzucchelli (2004). The adaptation serves as the ground upon which to analyse the differences between novels and graphic novels with
respect to how they employ metafictional devices.
Metafiction involves the use of strategies, in most cases peculiar to the medium, which force the reader to reflect on the fictionality of the text and, consequently, the nature of writing. One of the main targets of such strategies is the
reader's perception of the unity of the narrative voice and its role in establishing a coherent ontology. One of the strengths of Auster's novel is its capacity to establish and then subvert the narrative voice through a series of unexplained ontological shifts in the plot and repeated contraventions
of the rules separating the author, character and narrator. The reader is continually seduced into thinking that the precision of the narration will lead to a coherent account of the relationship between the various plot strands, but this assumption is repeatedly challenged, as is the reliability
of the authorial voice. Karasik and Mazzucchelli endeavour to reproduce the ontological uncertainty of Auster's text but they are presented with a difficulty that arises from the duality of narration in the graphic novel, as each thought, description and passage of dialogue is accompanied
by a sequence of images. The structure of the graphic novel is such that the verbal narrative is always incorporated into the spatial field, which, I will argue, is accorded ontological priority. The visual narration includes details that are not present in Auster's novel, and this sometimes
confirms or supports a particular narrative thread that remains only a latent possibility in the novel. At the same time, the visual narration is imbued with a consistency not found in the shifting narrative voice of the novel.
The article will draw on theorists working within the various
sub-disciplines (Philippe Marion (1993), Thierry Groensteen (2007) and Brian McHale (1987)). The theory of metafiction is used to develop some of the questions concerning adaptation and to explore further the role that the image plays in delineating the comic book's fictional world.
The winding, pot-holed road of comic art scholarship
Authors: Lent John A 
Published: April 2010

Comic art scholarship has finally gotten a foothold in the academy, after decades of individual and short-term efforts. A number of reasons can be ventured for this hesitancy to study comic art, including academic snobbery and protection of disciplinary turfs, and lack of grants, organized
research collections, and other resources.
Those who pioneered comic art scholarship were often fans, collectors, aficionados, and cartoonists, who researched from their personal collections. A substantial amount of the early research in the 1960s and 1970s was done in France, Italy, Spain,
Germany, Sweden, England, Japan, and, to a lesser extent, China and the United States. A few individuals also recorded the histories of Australian and Canadian comic books. The stories of these pioneering efforts are full of interesting anecdotes.
More organized academic research has resulted
since the 1990s. Reasons for this were that the academy could not continue to ignore popular culture (and comics) because of its importance; comics were reinvented as a more sophisticated medium; a theoretical framework evolved, and graduate students felt safer embarking on the writing of
dissertations based on comic art.
Adduct formed by chromium trioxide and zwitterionic quinolinic acid
Authors: Sundberg Markku , Uggla Rolf , Sillanpää Reijo , Zborowski Krzysztof , Sánchez-González Angel , Matikainen Jorma , Kaltia Seppo , Hase Tapio 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Chromium trioxide forms an adduct with zwitterionic quinolinic acid. The structure of the product was found to be (quinolinium-3-carboxylato-O)trioxidochromium(VI), determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. To evaluate the bonding properties of the compound, its structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-311G* level of theory. The electronic characteristics were investigated by topological methods applied to the total charge density in various model compounds including the title compound, title compound with a HF molecule presenting a hydrogen bonding and anionic moiety. Calculated aromaticity indices indicate that the quinolinic rings tend to conserve their degree of aromaticity against hydrogen bonding. However, when there is hydrogen bonding involving an N-H bond or when the quinolinium zwitterion is deprotonated, there are clear changes in the interaction between chromium trioxide and the quinolinic moiety.
Assessment of firefighters-rescuers' work severity in relation with interaction between physical and mental load
Authors: Roja Ženija , Kaļķis Valdis , Kaļķis Henrijs , Pencis Ilmārs 
Published: April 2010

Assessment of firefighters-rescuers' work severity in relation with interaction between physical and mental load
The present work is focused on occupational health problems caused by ergonomic risk in firefighting, which is one of the most hazardous occupations. The aim was to evaluate the work heaviness degree and to estimate the muscle fatigue for a study group consisting of 12 firefighters-rescuers. Applying qualitative ergonomic analyses (OWAS a.o.) and clinical experiments to determine consumed metabolic energy using heart rate monitoring, the following work hardness categories were observed: firefighter-rescuer — category III (hard work, 8.2 ± 1.2 kcal/min); commanding officers — category II (moderate work, 6.0 ± 1.6 kcal/min). Assessment of muscle strain and functional state (tone) using myotonometric measurements showed several muscle tone levels, allowing subdivision of firefighters into different conditional categories basing on muscle tone and fatigue: I — a state of equilibrium when muscles are able to adapt to the work load and are partly able to relax; and II — muscle fatigue and increased tone. It was also found that the increase of muscle tone and fatigue mainly depended on workers physical preparedness and length of service, and less on their age. Assessment interaction of mental and physical load using NASA-TLX method indicated that the highest degree of total workload was for several firemen, especially, commanding officers when temporary demands, task performance, effort and frustration were taken into consideration.
Morphological characteristics of local populations of European vendace Coregonus albula (L.) in some lakes of Latvia during 50 years
Authors: Oreha Jeļena , Škute Nataļja 
Published: April 2010

Morphological characteristics of local populations of European vendace Coregonus albula (L.) in some lakes of Latvia during 50 years
The vendace (Coregonus albula (L.)) is a widespread fish in the waters of the Holarctic and has been much studied in regard to history of spread and evolution. Statistical analysis of morphometric and meristic changes in Coregonus albula in some Latvian lakes for the last 50 years was conducted. Cluster analysis of meristic parameters showed that the vendace populations of lakes Stirnu - Alūksnes have become closer in meristic properties while the vendace populations of lakes Drīdzis - Sventes have become more dissimilar. The diversity and variation of morphological characteristics of vendace in the studied lakes are within the range of variations of the European vendace (Coregonus albula), although due to its flexibility it makes a lake-specific form depending on the local conditions of each reservoir. The discovered differences in the vendace populations from Lakes Nirzas, Rāznas, Stirnu, Alūksnes, Drīdzis, and Sventes seem to have resulted solely from/due to the adaptation of vendace to living conditions, which has changed during the previous 50 years.
Empty Nest Syndrome - An Obstacle for Alcohol Abstinence
Authors: Shakya DR 
Published: April 2010

Empty nest syndrome is a general feeling of loneliness, sadness, and/ or grief that parents/ other guardian relatives may feel when their children leave home. This condition, more prevalent in women, is more common in modern times probably because extended family is becoming uncommon and the elderly are more left living by themselves. Current day Nepal is no more exception. We report a case of 'alcohol dependence' with 'empty nest syndrome' of a 49-year-old lady presented with 4-year history of episodic depression and increased drinking. She had been drinking for 10 years and more for last 4 years. This case report highlights importance of family support and of addressing co-morbid psychiatric disorder for effective management of alcohol problem. Key words: alcohol; alcohol dependence; depression; empty nest syndrome; psychiatric co-morbidity. DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v7i2.3023 Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Vol.7(2) Apr 2009 135-137
Attempted Dispersal of the Twospotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae, on Greenhouse-grown Peanut Leaves in Response to Pesticides and Irrigation1,2,3
Authors: Boykin L. S. , Campbell W. V. , Nelson L. A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The relationship of the factors irrigation (both overhead and seep) and pesticide residues (and their interaction) on attempted dispersal of spider mite on greenhouse-grown peanuts was determined. Pesticide residue had no measurable effect on mite movement; however, irrigation method had a marked influence on mite attempted dispersal. Mites moved more on leaves of plants receiving seep irrigation than those receiving overhead irrigation.
Analysis of Normal and Mutant Peanut Chloroplast Pigments By Liquid Chromatography1
Authors: Banks Donald J. , Eskins Kenneth 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Chloroplast pigments from young and old leaves of three chlorophyll-deficient peanut mutants (lutescens, auredus, and virescent) and two “normal” peanut genotypes (‘Chico’ and ‘Guanajuato’) were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. All genotypes showed chlorophylls a and b, carotene, lutein, neoxanthin, and violaxanthin in young and old leaves. Generally, there were decreases in most pigments as the leaves aged for Guanajuato, Chico, and aureus, whereas the reverse was true for virescent and lutescens except for violaxanthin, for which the latter two mutants showed decreases. Guanajuato and Chico consistently showed larger quantities of all pigments than the mutants at the young age. Guanajuato showed the largest quantities of all pigments at the old age. Aureus contrasted sharply with the other genotypes for carotenoid to chlorophyll ratio in the old leaves, probably accounting for its conspicuous yellow color.
Resistance to Peanut Mottle Virus in Arachis spp.1
Authors: Demski J. W. , Sowell Grover 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Seven wild rhizomatous peanut introductions [PI 262794, PI 262818, AM 3867, ‘Florigraze’ (PI 421707), PI 172223, ‘Arbrook’ (PI 262817), and ‘Arblick’ (PI 262839)] from the Plant Materials Center, Americus, Ga. were not infected with peanut mottle virus (PMV) by mechanical inoculation, aphid inoculation, or by natural infection when field planted near infected Arachis hypogaea L. These accessions are the only known sources of resistance to PMV in Arachis.
A Quick Technique for Determining the Wettability of Leaves of Arachis hypogaea and Certain Other Species1
Authors: Cook Marion 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A rapid and accurate technique for assessing the wettability of leaves of Arachis hypogaea L. and certain other species was developed. The method quantifies the retention of water on the surface when water is drained from around vertically immersed leaves at a constant rate. Although the relationship between mean contact angle measurements and water retained was not strictly linear, the correlation between the two variables was extrememly high, r = 0.997 (P = 0.001). This constant drainage technique can be used in the greenhouse and field and with some species does not require leaf detachment from the plant.
Effect of Cyhexatin (Plictran) on Growth, Conidial Germination And Sporulation of Cercospora arachidicola1
Authors: Melouk H. A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Growth of Cercospora arachidicola Hori, the causal agent of early leaf spot disease on peanuts, was completely inhibited on Czapek-Dox broth medium amended with the acaricide cyhexatin (Plictran) at ≤ 73.5 μg/ml; however, at 14.7 μg/ml traces of growth occurred after 6 weeks of incubation at 27±2C and continuous fluorescent light (800 lux). Aqueous preparations of cyhexation at ≤ 147.0 μg/ml completely inhibited the germination of conidia of C. arachidicola. At a concentration of cyhexatin ≤ 73.5 and 14.7 μg/ml, less than two percent of the conidia germinated as compared with more than 95 percent germination in distilled water. Misting of aqueous preparations of cyhexatin at ≤ 147.0 μg/ml on the adaxial or both surfaces of peanut leaflets with mature leafspot lesions was very effective in reducing the sporulating potential of C. arachidicola.
Lipid Oxidative Stability of Reconstituted Partially Defatted Peanuts1
Authors: Adnan M. , Argoudelis C. J. , Rodda E. , Tobias J. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Changes in tocopherol content, peroxide value and fatty acid composition were measured during storage of reconstituted partially defatted peanuts. These values were compared with those of unreconstituted partially defatted peanuts, whole peanuts and the corresponding oils. Reconstitution effectively inactivated the enzyme lipoxygenase and was destructive on tocopherols, particularly α- tocopherol. The stability of the oil during storage, as measured by the peroxide value, is much greater within the peanuts than in the corresponding extracted oil. No changes in fatty acid composition could be observed in reconstituted partially defatted peanuts. A need for immediate reconstitution following mechanical oil extraction could not be demonstrated as both products had equal oxidative stability.
Agronomic Aspects of Normal and Abnormal Root Formation in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Ablett G. R. , Roy R. C. , Tanner J. W. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) research in Ontario, Canada has focused on the problems inherent in growing a crop in an area where it had previously not been grown. It had been observed that a significant percentage of germinating seeds developed abnormal root systems. Many of these abnormal seedlings did not emerge; others emerged but failed to produce vigorous plants.
Four peanut cultivars, each from two distinct sources, commercial and hand-harvested seeds were compared on the basis of pod yield, plant stand, and percentage of plants with normal root systems. A normal root system was designated as one which had a long straight tap root with many laterals. Among all cultivars, pod yield, and plant stand from hand-harvested seed exceeded that of commercial seed. In addition, the percentage of plants with normal root systems was greater for hand-harvested seed than for commercial seed with two of the cultivars.
Field grown plants of three peanut genotypes were examined to determine the relative percentages of plants with normal or abnormal root systems. An abnormal root system was classified as having a curvature of the hypocotyl or the hypocotyl and tap root or no main tap root. High percentages (50–60%) of plants with abnormal root systems were found for two genotypes and for each of the three genotypes it was determined that an abnormal plant was capable of producing approximately 50% as many pods as a normal plant.
Four sources of seeds were collected for each of the three genotypes: (a) normal-rooted plants, (b) abnormally-rooted plants, (c) a random selection of plants, and (d) a random selection of plants, combine-harvested. The seeds were grown in a growth cabinet study and in two field trials. In all cases, the data were consistent in that selection for normal-rooted plants did not increase the percentage of normal-rooted plants over the random selection or the abnormal selection in the following generation. Combine-harvesting caused a dramatic reduction in the percentage of plants with normal roots. In two genotypes this reduction led to a significant yield reduction when compared to the hand-harvested selections. Seed from a commercial seed lot for one of the genotypes produced a very low percentage of plants with normal roots, which also resulted in a yield reduction.
The overall results demonstrated that the use of high quality seed was an extremely important facet of peanut production in this environment and that additional research in the area of seed quality is justified.
Quality of Cooked Ground Beef Extended with Defatted Peanut Meal1
Authors: Ahmed Esam M. , West Roger L. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Beef chuck and plate cuts obtained from U.S.D.A. utility grade carcass were mixed and ground through a 0.318 cm plate. The ground meat was extended with extruded and non-extruded defatted peanut meal. Hydrated defatted peanut meal was added at the rate of 20 and 30 parts to 80 and 70 parts of the ground meat, respectively. All treatments were formulated to contain 20% fat in the final patty and loaf products. Extruded and non-extruded meat products were stored at −18 C for periods up to 6 weeks. All quality evaluations were conducted on cooked meat products.
Ground meat patties and loaves extended with non-extruded peanut meal exhibited similar cooking losses to those either extended with extruded peanut meal or 100% beef products. Control meat products stored for 4 weeks or longer required larger forces to shear than the non-stored patties. Freezing storage of the extended meat products did not result in a change of shearing forces. These forces were similar to the shearing force exhibited by freshly prepared products. Trained sensory panelists indicated that extended meat patties were more tender and less cohesive than non-extended patties. However, sensory acceptability tests indicated similar acceptability ratings for the extended and non-extended meat patties and loaves.
Polypeptide Composition of Arachin and Non-arachin Proteins From Early Bunch Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seed1
Authors: Basha Shaik-M. M. , Pancholy Sunil K. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed proteins were resolved into arachin and non-arachin fractions, and composite two-dimensional polypeptide maps were prepared. Seed proteins were extracted with a buffer containing 2 M NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.2), 0.2 mM phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride and 0.002% NaN3 and resolved into ten peaks by gel filtration on a Sephacryl S-300 column. Gel filtration of total protein extract yielded three molecular weight variants (490,000., 400,000, and 365,000) of arachin. Gel electrophoresis showed quantitative and qualitative differences in the protein and polypeptide composition of the three arachin variants. Nonarachin proteins obtained by this method were heterogeneous and distinct from the arachin. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed several differences in the polypeptide composition between arachin fraction IV and fractions II and III. Composite two-dimensional polypeptide maps of arachin and non-arachin revealed the presence of several polypeptides with similar isoelectric points and molecular weights between them. Arachin contained six molecular weight (between 15,500 and 68,000) classes of polypeptides with isoelectric points between 4.7 and 8.4 while nonarachin contained nine molecular weight (between 16,000 and 170,000) classes of polypeptides having isoelectric points between 4.7 and 7.9.
Peanut Quality Changes Associated with Deficient Warehouse Storage
Authors: Sanders Timothy H. , Smith John S. , Lansden John A. , Davidson James I. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Studies on peanuts from five deficient warehouses revealed that excess moisture, high temperature, and mechanical damage resulted in peanut quality deterioration as evidenced by low grade factors, increased free fatty acids, and increased carbonyl content. Levels of deterioration were related to kernel condition and length of storage. Loose shelled kernels were highly susceptible to deterioration. The research emphasizes the need for reduced mechanical damage, improved ventilation, elimination of moisture concentrations, and minimizing length of storage of peanuts of marginal initial quality.
Suppression of Peanut Stem Rot with the Insecticide Chlorpyrifos1,2,4
Authors: Backman P. A. , Hammond J. M. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The insecticide chlorpyrifos is registered for use in peanuts for control of stem and foliage feeding insects. Field research showed that insecticidal use rates also reduced stem rot in peanuts caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. as effectively as registered fungicides. Laboratory studies indicated a synergism between the active and the inert ingredients of the emulsifiable concentrate formulation (LorsbanR4EC) in suppression of S. rolfsii.
Effect of Growing Seasons, Locations and Planting Dates on Total Amino Acid Composition of Two Valencia Peanut Varieties Grown in New Mexico1
Authors: Hsi David C. H. , Young Clyde T. , Ortiz Melchor 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Two Valencia peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars, New Mexico Valencia A and New Mexico Valencia C, were grown at Arch and Los Lunas, N. M. All peanuts were grown under either sprinkler or furrow irrigation. Samples were obtained following harvest, hydrolyzed and analyzed in Raleigh, N. C. for amino acid content. With samples from Arch, no variety by planting date effects were noted for amino acid composition. With samples from Los Lunas, however, significant variety by planting date effects were noted for glutamic acid, glycine, methionine, isoleucine, and leucine. Planting date effects were found only for glycine at the Los Lunas location and phenylalanine at both locations. Significant variety differences were found for methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and lysine at the Arch location and for glycine, methionine, phenylalanine, and lysine at the Los Lunas location. A significant year effect, although small, was noted for about half of the amino acids (aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine, and the sum of all amino acids) studied at the Arch location. Data at Los Lunas were observed only during the second year. The amino acid content agrees closely with that previously reported for other types of peanuts except for a 100% higher level of cystine found in this study.
A Non-Destructive Method for Determining Peanut Pod Maturity
Authors: Williams E. Jay , Drexler J. Stanley 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
A method of classification based on color and morphological differences of the mesocarp is described for determining the developmental stages of fresh peanut [Arachis hypogaea (L) ‘Flo-runner’] pods. Developmental stages are designated as Classes 1-7, with each subsequently numbered class representing progressively greater degrees of maturity. For illustration each class is subdivided into one-quarter increments which are represented pictorially by beginning points. Because various combinations of classes and/or subclasses can be used, the system has inherent flexibility to accomodate the degree of refinement dictated by classification needs.
Maturity determination by this method requires removal of a portion of the exocarp or epidermis to expose the pod mesocarp. The exocarp can be removed by sand blasting, gentle abrasion, or lightly scraping with a knife. Because removal of the exocarp is non-destructive to the remaining pod structure and enclosed seeds, the method has inherent advantages for use in commercial culture and in biological investigations requiring intact pods and/or seed.