bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvements in Pediatric Bone Loss Reconstruction With the Induced Membrane Technique
Authors: Stein Alexandra M. , Badina Alina , Pannier Stéphanie , Saghbini Elie , Fitoussi Frank 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The induced membrane technique is now widely used for pediatric diaphyseal bone loss due to various etiologies. Although consolidation rates remain satisfactory, complications, and healing delays may occur requiring additional procedures. We studied a series of induced membrane bone reconstructions in which the second stage included an embedded endomembranous non vascularized fibular shaft, in addition to iliac bone grafts. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results in terms of bone consolidation and complications.

Methods:
This is a retrospective comparative and multicentric study of 32 children with large bone loss treated with the induced membrane reconstruction technique. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the graft used during the second stage. The first group (G1) of 16 patients had a nonvascularized fibula embedded inside the membrane in addition with the corticocancellous grafts from the iliac crest. The second group (G2) of 16 patients underwent reconstruction using the original technique, with iliac crest graft only.

Results:
The 2 groups were similar in terms of etiologies of bone loss and follow-up (mean: 44 mo for G1 and 49 mo for G2). Mean bone losses were 15.4 cm (range: 2 to 25; SD: 5.6) for G1 and 10.6 cm (range: 3 to 19; SD: 5.2) for G2. In the first group, all patients healed primarily, with a mean time of 5.9 months (range: 4 to 8; SD: 1.6). In the second group, 2 of 16 patients did not healed; for the others 14, healing mean time was 6.9 months (range: 3 to 12; SD: 2.7). The short-term and long-term complications rates were 38% to 19% for G1 and 50% to 31% for G2, respectively. Regarding the donor site, the fibulas reconstructed spontaneously with a mean time of 4.8 months (range: 3 to 6; SD: 1.2).

Conclusions:
The integration of a nonvascularized fibula during the second stage of the induced membrane technique appears to improve the consolidation rate in the pediatric population.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—Retrospective comparative study.
Management of Unstable Pediatric Distal Radius Fractures With a 2-Pin External Fixator and a Short Arm Cast: Technique and Case Series
Authors: Lachance Andrew D. , Aynaszyan Stephan , Giro Margaret , Appleton Abraham T. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Pediatric distal radius fractures that are unacceptably aligned and undergo closed reduction are often redisplaced when immobilized in a cast alone without additional fixation. Percutaneous pinning, plate and screw fixation, and 4-pin wrist joint and physis-spanning external fixation constructs have previously been described to achieve and maintain reduction.

Technique and Results:
We successfully treated and followed 12 consecutive pediatric patients presenting with malaligned, nonphyseal distal radius fractures that were reduced and held with a 2-pin external fixation construct that did not extend distal to the physis, supplemented by a short arm cast. No complications were encountered in this series of patients.

Conclusion:
Two-pin external fixation is an alternative solution for completely displaced or markedly angulated pediatric distal radius fractures.
Cardiac intima sarcoma: a rapid review of case reports
Authors: Awoyemi Toluwalase , Gwira-Tamattey Edwin , Oluwole Abib , Ezekwueme Francis , Odeyinka Oladipo , Guzman Rocio Barriga , Obarombi Joshua , Chima-Kalu Roseline , Anuforo Anderson 
Published: June 2024

Background and purpose:
Cardiac intimal sarcoma (CIS) is a rare and often misdiagnosed clinical entity with notably high morbidity and mortality rates. Urgent efforts are required to comprehensively the disease and establish evidence-based management guidelines. Given the relative scarcity of data and the imperative for consensus on management strategies, this review assumes critical importance. Through a rapid review approach, we aims to synthesize and consolidate information gleaned from published case reports, thereby offering an up-to-date resource for CIS’s natural history.

Methods:
Utilizing inductive content analysis, we systematically searched for and synthesized case reports and series. Keywords related to CIS guided our search on Medline via Ovid, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until March 17, 2024.

Results:
Our review identified 79 CIS, characterized by a mean age of 52 years, predominantly male (58%), with left-sided lesions. Approximately one-third of the patients presented with cardiovascular symptoms, and transthoracic echocardiography emerged as the preferred initial diagnostic modality in most cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on pre-operative tissue biopsies found murine double minute 2 (MDM2) amplification in 95% of cases tested. While surgery remained the cornerstone of treatment, recurrence occurred in 14% of cases postoperatively, with 28% succumbing to the disease despite therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:
This synthesis of published case reports and series provides updated insights into the clinical profile CIS. Our findings highlight the need for increased clinical awareness, precise data collection, and further research to enhance diagnostic accuracy, treatment approaches, and patient outcomes in CIS.
IL-17 signaling in primary sclerosing cholangitis patient-derived organoids
Authors: Garcia Moreno Ana S. , Guicciardi Maria E. , Wixom Alexander Q. , Jessen Erik , Yang Jingchun , Ilyas Sumera I. , Bianchi Jackie K. , Pinto e Vairo Filippo , Lazaridis Konstantinos N. , Gores Gregory J. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is unclear, although studies implicate IL-17A as an inflammatory mediator in this disease. However, a direct assessment of IL-17 signaling in PSC cholangiocytes is lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate and characterize the response of PSC extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ECO) to IL-17A stimulation.

Methods:
Cholangiocytes obtained from patients with PSC and without PSC by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were cultured as ECO. The ECO were treated with vehicle or IL-17A and assessed by transcriptomics, secretome analysis, and genome sequencing.

Results:
Unsupervised clustering of all integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data identified 8 cholangiocyte clusters that did not differ between PSC and non-PSC ECO. However, PSC ECO cells demonstrated a robust response to IL-17 treatment, as noted by an increased number of differentially expressed genes by transcriptomics and more abundant chemokine and cytokine expression and secretion. After rigorous filtering, genome sequencing identified candidate somatic variants shared among PSC ECO from unrelated individuals. However, no candidate rare variants in genes regulating the IL-17 pathway were identified, but rare variants regulating the MAPK signaling pathway were present in all PSC ECO.

Conclusions:
PSC and non-PSC patient-derived ECO respond differently to IL-17 stimulation, implicating this pathway in the pathogenesis of PSC.
Prostate health index density aids the diagnosis of prostate cancer detected using magnetic resonance imaging targeted prostate biopsy in Taiwanese multicenter study
Authors: Chang Ching-Hsin , Yu Ping-Hsuan , Hsieh Po-Fan , Hong Jian-Hua , Chiang Chih-Hung , Cheng Hao-Min , Wu Hsi-Chin , Huang Chao-Yuan , Lin Tzu-Ping 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) followed by MRI-targeted prostate biopsy is the current standard for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). However, studies evaluating the value of biomarkers, including prostate health index (PHI) and its derivatives using this method are limited. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of PHI density (PHID) in guiding MRI-targeted prostate biopsies to identify clinically significant PCas (csPCa).

Methods:
The multicenter prospectively registered prostate biopsy database from three medical centers in Taiwan included patients with PHI and MRI-targeted and/or systematic prostate biopsies. We assessed the required values of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, PHI, PHID, and Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) score using multivariable analyses, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and decision curve analyses (DCA). csPCa was defined as the International Society of Urological Pathology Gleason group ≥2 PCa, with an emphasis on reducing unwarranted biopsies.

Results:
The study cohort comprised 420 individuals. Diagnoses of PCa and csPCa were confirmed in 62.4% and 47.9% of the participants, respectively. The csPCa diagnosis rates were increased with increasing PI-RADS scores (20.5%, 44.2%, and 73.1% for scores 3, 4, and 5, respectively). Independent predictors for csPCa detection included PHI, prostate volume, and PI-RADS scores of 4 and 5 in multivariable analyses. The area under the curve (AUC) for csPCa of PHID (0.815) or PHI (0.788) was superior to that of PSA density (0.746) and PSA (0.635) in the entire cohort, and the superiority of PHID (0.758) was observed in PI-RADS 3 lesions. DCA revealed that PHID achieved the best net clinical benefit in PI-RADS 3-5 and 4/5 cases. Among PI-RADS 3 lesions, cutoff values of PHID 0.70 and 0.43 could eliminate 51.8% and 30.4% of omitted biopsies, respectively.

Conclusion:
PHI-derived biomarkers, including PHID, performed better than other PSA-derived biomarkers in diagnosing PCa in MRI-detected lesions.
Subgroups of mild cognitive impairment based on cognitive function among Chinese older adults
Authors: Zhou Yi , Yan Yuan-jiao , Lin Rong , Luo Yu-ting , Cai Zhen-zhen , Zhu Kai-yan , Huang Chen-shan , Wang Yun-xian , Xu Yi-fei , Chao Yueqi , Zhang Chu-fan , Chen Ming-feng , Li Hong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Due to the heterogeneity of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the key points for nonpharmaceutical therapies cannot be determined. Examining impairment characteristics among different MCI subgroups would therefore be beneficial to the development of nonpharmaceutical therapies.

Objective:
To characterize the subgroups of older Chinese with MCI and examine factors associated with the membership of distinct subgroups.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2018 and June 2022 in Fujian, East China, with 1017 older adults with MCI deemed eligible. Exclusion criteria included any diagnosis of other neurological or psychiatric conditions that could affect cognition. Participants underwent a neuropsychological test that assessed memory, language, attention, and executive function(s) and completed a questionnaire collecting their socioeconomic and clinical variables. Neuropsychological test scores were transformed into z-scores, which were then examined using latent class analysis. Associations between socioeconomic and clinical variables, and MCI subgroups were assessed using multinomial logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Three MCI subgroups were identified: G1 “Minimally impairment” (56.64%), G2 “Moderate impairment” (36.28%), and G3 “Worst impairment” (7.08%). Age, place of residence, marriage status, living status, and participation in intellectual activities differed significantly across the 3 MCI subgroups (P<0.05). Compared with the minimally impairment group, participants with the worst impairment were less likely to participate in intellectual activity and more likely to live in a nursing home.

Conclusion:
Cognitive function is a suitable foundation for establishing classifications among individuals with MCI. Nonpharmalogical therapies may target older adults at higher risk of moderate or worst impairment.
A Novel Treponema pallidum Subspecies pallidum Strain Associated With a Painful Oral Lesion Is a Member of a Potentially Emerging Nichols-Related Subgroup
Authors: Velasquez Maria Rosa , De Lay Bridget D. , Edmondson Diane G. , Wormser Gary P. , Norris Steven J. , Cafferky Kaitlin , Munzer Eric , Rizk Ciril-Christian , Keller Marina 
Published: June 2024

Background
Early syphilitic lesions are typically painless; however, several recent case studies have included patients with tender lesions and no evidence of concurrent infections. Here we present the manifestations and serological and molecular findings of a patient from New York State with a painful tongue lesion.

Methods
The diagnosis of syphilis was based on a combination of physical examination, serologic, pathologic, and immunohistochemical findings. DNA obtained from a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy was used to characterize the infecting pathogen using polymerase chain reaction, multilocus sequence typing, and whole-genome sequencing methods.

Results
Polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing of the biopsy specimen confirmed infection with T. pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) of the Nichols cluster. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of this strain (herein called NYMC01) showed that it contained 17 unique single nucleotide variations and 4 more complex genetic differences; this novel genotype matched only 2 specimens, both from a patient in Seattle, Washington. The presence of this rare genotype in 2 geographically distinct locations suggests the potential emergence and spread of a new subgroup of the Nichols cluster.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first genomic sequence obtained from a T. pallidum strain linked to a painful lesion, and the third description of whole-genome sequencing of T. pallidum from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Analysis of additional specimens may reveal that the NYMC01-related genotype represents an emerging T. pallidum subgroup and may also aid in determining whether the painful clinical presentation of primary syphilis is related to specific T. pallidum genotypes.
Current Trends for Children With Spina Bifida: A Survey of Pediatric Physical Therapists
Authors: Flores Megan B. , Ardolino Elizabeth M. , J. Manella Kathleen 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To describe contemporary physical therapy practice and management of children with spina bifida (SB) in the context of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework.

Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional electronic survey was sent to US pediatric physical therapy clinics and posted in the American Physical Therapy Association Pediatrics newsletter. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Codes were compared, refined, and condensed into categories.

Results:
A total of 163 participants were included. Most assessments evaluated the ICF Activity component. Most frequently reported ICF components: impairments = decreased strength (17.9%), activity limitations = limited walking (22.5%), and participation restrictions = restricted socializing/playing with peers or siblings (22.6%). The most prevalent intervention was strength training.

Conclusions:
Physical therapists (PTs) in the United States are performing assessments and interventions supported by available evidence; however, knowledge translation and more research are needed to support best practices in PT management of children with SB.
A Scoping Review of Health Equity Interventions in Governmental Public Health
Authors: Martin Skky , Dill Janette , Demeritte Denisha , Geressu Hannah , Dahal Roshani , Kirkland Chelsey , Hunt Shanda , Parikh Romil 
Published: June 2024

Context:
Despite major efforts in research, practice, and policy, racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care persist in the United States. Interventions in collaboration with governmental public health may provide ways to address these persistent racial and ethnic health and health care disparities and improve health outcomes.

Objective:
To conduct a comprehensive review of health equity interventions performed in collaboration with public health agencies.

Design:
This scoping review includes intervention studies from Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Premier, published between 2017 and 2023. The search strategy used terminology focused on 4 concepts: race/ethnicity, equity, health departments, and epidemiologic studies.

Eligibility Criteria:
The following inclusion criteria were determined a priori: (1) intervention tailored to reduce racial/ethnic health disparities, (2) public health department involvement, (3) health outcome measures, (4) use of epidemiologic study methods, (5) written in English, (6) implemented in the United States, (7) original data (not a commentary), and (8) published between January 2017 and January 2023.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
This review focused primarily on 4 dimensions of racial health equity interventions including intervention components, intervention settings, intervention delivery agents, and intervention outcomes.

Results:
This review indicated that health equity interventions involving public health agencies focused on the following categories: (1) access to care, (2) health behavior, (3) infectious disease testing, (4) preventing transmission, and (5) cancer screening. Critical strategies included in interventions for reaching racial/ethnic minoritized people included using community settings, mobile clinics, social media/social networks, phone-based interventions, community-based workers, health education, active public health department involvement, and structural/policy change.

Conclusions:
This scoping review aims to provide an evidence map to inform public health agencies, researchers, and funding agencies on gaps in knowledge and priority areas for future research and to identify existing health equity interventions that could be considered for implementation by public health leaders.
Quantitative sensory testing in notalgia paresthetica reveals small fiber-type–specific differences in non-pruritic sensitivity: a pilot study
Authors: Harper Daniel , Chu Lena , Mustin Danielle , Cole Emily 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Notalgia paresthetica (NP) is a chronic condition characterized by pruritus and other unpleasant dysesthetic sensations unilaterally on the subscapular back. Its specific underlying mechanisms are largely unknown, though hypothesized to be neuropathic. Determination of possible somatosensory contributors to the condition could pave the way for novel treatments.

Objectives:
Given the potential involvement of non-pruritic mechanisms in NP, our objective was to broadly characterize the somatosensory function in NP-affected and unaffected skin using methods that have been standardized in pain-free controls and painful neuropathic disorders. We hypothesized that if NP is caused by neuropathic mechanisms not targeted directly to pruritoceptors in the skin, somatosensory abnormalities would not be itchspecific. Second, given the lack of symptoms on the contralateral side of the back, we hypothesized that this region would be normally sensitive.

Methods:
In this study, quantitative sensory testing (QST) was used to comprehensively assess the somatosensory function in 15 adult patients with NP. Standardized QST metrics were performed in the NP-affected region and compared with the contralateral asymptomatic skin and itch-free individuals using an age, gender, and site-matched reference data set.

Results:
There were no significant differences in sensitivity between symptomatic and asymptomatic skin, except for increased mechanical-evoked itch on the itchy side. However, reference data set comparisons revealed bilateral hyposensitivity to innocuous cold and noxious pinprick and higher temporal summation of pain in patients with NP. In addition, compared with reference data, patients with NP demonstrated decreased sensitivity to cold and pinprick, presence of paradoxical heat sensations, and increased wind-up of pain.

Conclusion:
These results suggest a role for Aδ fiber pathways and central sensitization in NP-associated itch. More research is needed to determine whether sensory differences extend beyond the NP-affected dermatomal level and what might cause neuropathy specifically targeting Aδ fibers.
Comparison of Speech Outcomes Between Speech Therapy Only and Double-Opposing Z-Plasty Combined With Speech Therapy in Patients With Submucous Cleft Palate
Authors: Jeon Sungmi , Park Jin Sol , Han Mira , Oh Albert K. , Kim Byung Jun , Chung Jee Hyeok , Baek Seung-Hak , Kim Sukwha 
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to compare speech outcomes in patients with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) between speech therapy alone and double-opposing Z-plasty (DOZ) combined with speech therapy. The subjects were 67 patients with SMCP (overt type, 45 males, 22 females), who were divided into the observation group (n=18), the speech therapy group (n=24; duration, 17.8 mo), and the DOZ and speech therapy (DOZ-speech therapy) group (n=25; median age at DOZ, 5.3 years, duration, 18.6 mo). The median age at initial and final speech assessments were 3 and 5 years. After age, sex, syndromic status, duration of speech therapy, surgery timing, and speech outcomes were investigated, statistical analysis was performed. After tailored interventions, both isolated and non-isolated SMCP patients experienced significant improvements in speech outcomes, including nasal emission, hypernasality, compensatory articulation, and unintelligible speech. Since comparable improvements were observed, there were no significant differences in the final assessments regardless of initial speech issues between the speech therapy group and the DOZ-speech therapy group (all P>0.05). In the DOZ-speech therapy group, the rate of achieving “socially acceptable” speech was 92.3% in isolated cases and 90% in non-isolated cases. Multivariate analysis revealed that DOZ showed a tendency to reduce hypernasality, compensatory articulation, and “unintelligible” speech; syndromic or developmental conditions influenced outcomes in nasal emission and hypernasality; and initial hypernasality and compensatory articulation were correlated with outcomes. Therefore, DOZ surgery could be recommended to resolve hypernasality and compensatory articulation in SMCP patients before speech issues worsen.
Tyrosinase deficiency impairs social novelty preference in mice
Authors: Aizawa Shu , Yamamuro Yutaka 
Published: June 2024

Objective
Tyrosinase is a rate-limiting enzyme for the biosynthesis of melanin pigment in peripheral tissues, such as skin and the retina. We recently reported the expression and enzymatic activity of tyrosinase as well as its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced protein damage in the mouse brain. The functional role of tyrosinase in the central nervous system, however, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of tyrosinase in social behavior in mice.

Methods
Pigmented C57BL/10JMsHir (B10) and tyrosinase-deficient albino B10.C-Tyrc
/Hir (B10-c) mice were subjected to the three-chamber sociability test to assess sociability and social novelty preference. In addition, we measured the mRNA expression of genes involved in catecholamine metabolism in the hippocampus by real-time quantitative PCR analysis.

Results
The results obtained showed that tyrosinase deficiency impaired social novelty preference, but not sociability in mice. We also found that the hippocampal expression of genes involved in catecholamine metabolism, such as monoamine oxidase A and catechol-O-methyltransferase, were significantly decreased in tyrosinase-deficient B10-c mice.

Conclusion
These results suggest that tyrosinase activity is functionally involved in the phenotypic expression of social behavior, particularly social novelty preference, in mice. The present study will advance our understanding of the functional role of tyrosinase in the central nervous system.