bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Decolonial Political Theology of Vulnerability
Authors: Dube Siphiwe Ignatius 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article argues for a Decolonial Political Theology of vulnerability in the context of neo-apartheid South Africa. The article puts forward the argument that vulnerability is an essential part of the decolonial project, and in particular decolonial theology. In developing its argument, the article first provides some definitional limitations of vulnerability. It then links the definitions to the theme of the coloniality of Being and the discussion of the contents of decolonial vulnerability. What such apprehension of vulnerability underscores is a central assumption in the perspectives of vulnerability that focus on negative notions of vulnerability. In response, the article proposes that a decolonial political theology of vulnerability is one that should not simply aim to be yet another pedagogical practice of reading, writing, teaching, and learning differently. It should also endeavour to be oriented towards some form of justice aimed at restoring previously devalued epistemologies and ontologies.
Efficacy and tolerability of 100 mg of lasmiditan for migraine: A multi-center, prospective observational real-world study in Japan
Authors: Ishii Ryotaro , Ishizuchi Kei , Watanabe Narumi , Fukazawa Ryosuke , Trivedi Meesha , Nakahara Jin , Takizawa Tsubasa 
Published: June 2024

Background Real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of lasmiditan, a new medication for acute migraine attacks, is necessary. Methods We performed a prospective, observational, multi-center, real-world study. A total of 48 patients with migraine (44 females, 44.6 ± 12.9 years old) were included in this study. Results Twenty-three patients (47.9%) reported they were headache-free two hours after taking lasmiditan and were categorized into the responder group. In total, 44 patients (91.7%) experienced at least one side effect within two hours of taking the medication. Dizziness, somnolence, malaise, nausea, and palpitations were reported by 56.3% (n = 27), 45.8% (n = 22), 37.5% (n = 18), 20.8% (n = 10), and 14.6% (n = 7) of patients respectively. Of 48 patients, 20 (41.7%) indicated that they preferred lasmiditan to their previous acute treatment. There were no predictive factors for efficacy. Conclusion This real-world study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of lasmiditan. More than 90% of patients experienced side effects from lasmiditan. Approximately 40% of patients preferred lasmiditan despite the occurrence of side effects.
The prognostic significance of preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and interleukin-6 level in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Shaoqi , Sun Yongming , Cai Longjun , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: June 2024

Background Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is the most prevalent type of bladder cancer, typically associated with a favorable prognosis and a risk of recurrence during the follow-up period. Inflammatory markers have been used to predict prognosis in various cancer types. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of the readily accessible inflammatory markers, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in NMIBC. Methods The study comprised a retrospective analysis of clinical data collected from NMIBC patients diagnosed between October 2018 and October 2020. PLR was calculated using the routine preoperative blood test results, and preoperative IL-6 levels were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for PLR and IL-6 level and the optimal cut-off values were determined using Youden's index. Survival curves were generated to evaluate the association between PLR and IL-6, and recurrence-free survival (RFS), and univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. A nomogram and calibration curve were generated to assess the clinical significance of the model. Results The ROC curves demonstrated that PLR and IL-6 levels were significantly associated with tumor pathology grade, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.833 (95% CI 0.757, 0.910) for PLR and 0.724 (95% CI 0.622, 0.825) for IL-6 levels. PLR and IL-6 levels were also positively associated with tumor recurrence, with AUC values of 0.647 (95% CI 0.538, 0.756) and 0.846 (95% CI 0.769, 0.924), respectively. The survival curves indicated that patients with high PLR and high IL-6 levels had shorter RFS than those with low PLR and low IL-6 level ( P < 0.01). Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that age, tumor size, tumor number, pathological grade, PLR and IL-6 were potential risk factors for NMIBC recurrence. Multivariate analysis further revealed that tumor number, smoking, PLR, and IL-6 were independent risk factors for NMIBC recurrence ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory markers (PLR and IL-6) are useful predictors of RFS in NMIBC patients at the time of initial diagnosis. High PLR and high IL-6 were identified as independent risk factors for tumor recurrence and could serve as potential biological markers for prediction of NMIBC recurrence.
Truth on ProQOL and Burnout Assessment—Development and Intercultural Validation of the Brief ProQOL-12 from the Professional Quality of Life, Version 5
Authors: Hotchkiss Jason T. , Wong Claudia Ming Yu 
Published: June 2024

Objective The prevalence of burnout is becoming a public health issue across the world. This study developed and validated Brief ProQOL-12, formed from the existing, but yet unvalidated 30-item ProQOL-5. Methods Study 1—Eight intercultural samples of helping professionals from four continents (n = 4,129). Validation included step-wise appraisal and multi-group invariance testing. Study 2—Ethnically and occupationally-balanced sample (n = 453). Rasch modeling, factor analysis, analysis of measure correlates, and scale refinements. Results ProQOL-5 (30-item) did not fit among any continential or national samples, including North America. Study 1—Provisional ProQOL-12 showed good internal structure and measurement invariance. Study 2—Brief ProQOL-12 had an excellent fit in the ethnically and occupationally diverse sample. Included ProQOL 5 items were: 9, 10, 12-14, 18, 19, 21, 24-26, and 30. The reliability and validity of the Brief ProQOL-12 were significantly improved over the 30-item measure. Rasch modeling and factor analysis indicated that the measure was reliable, valid interculturally and occupationally. Conclusions The ProQOL-5 (30-item) reliability and validity concerns were resolved in this 12-item measure which was refined to include a more realistic time context of seven days and time definite Likert ranges. These enhancements increased validity, as evidenced by the improvement in all model fit indicators in the excellent range in Study 2. Transcending culture and ethnicity with proven psychometric robustness, the Brief ProQOL-12 serves as a valuable resource for evaluating burnout risk and well-being across heterogeneous ethnic, cultural, and occupational landscapes.
A Dedicated Multidisciplinary Growth and Feeding Clinic for Infants with Cleft Lip and/or Palate Demonstrates Need for Intervention
Authors: Prezelski Kayla , Villarreal Acha Daniel , Ngo Tuong-Vi Cindy , Wilson Caitlin , Thrasher Vania , Trevino Kandi , Van’t Slot Cortney , Hallac Rami R. , Seaward James R. , Kane Alex A. 
Published: June 2024

Objective A Growth and Feeding Clinic (GFC) focused on early intervention around feeding routines in patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) was implemented. Design This study assessed the effect of preoperative feeding interventions provided by the GFC. Setting Tertiary academic center. Methods This study evaluated patients with CL/P who were cared for by the GFC and a control group of patients with CL/P. Weight-for-age (WFA) Z-score of less than −2.00 was used as a cutoff to classify patients who were underweight during the preoperative period. Main Outcome Measure The number of underweight patients who were able to reach normal weight by the time of their cleft lip repair was used as the primary outcome measure. Results Within both the GFC and control groups, 25% of patients with CL/P were underweight as determined by WFA Z-score. GFC patients who were underweight received more clinic visits ( P < .001) and GFC interventions ( P < .001) compared to GFC patients who were normal weight. At the time of cleft lip surgery, 64.1% of GFC underweight patients were normal weight compared to 31.8% of control group underweight patients ( P = .0187). Conclusion This study showed that multidisciplinary care provided by the GFC was able to target preoperative nutritional interventions to the highest-risk patients, resulting in double the percentage of patients who were of normal weight at the time of their cleft lip repair. These results provide objective proof supporting the assertion that multidisciplinary team care of the infant with cleft leads to measurable improvement in outcomes.
A scoping review of behavioural science approaches and frameworks for health protection and emergency response
Authors: Zelenka Martin Alice , Weston D , Kesten J M , French C E 
Published: June 2024

Aims: Rapid intervention development, implementation, and evaluation are required for emergency public health contexts, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. A novel Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework has been developed to assist this endeavour in future public health emergencies. This scoping review aimed to map available behavioural science resources that can be used to develop and evaluate public health guidance, messaging, and interventions in emergency contexts onto components of ACE: rapid development and implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and inclusion of evaluation. Methods: A scoping review methodology was used. Searches were run on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Google, with search terms covering emergency response and behavioural science. Articles published since 2014 and which discussed a framework or guidance for using behavioural science in response to a public health emergency were included. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results: Seventeen records were included in the synthesis. The records covered a range of emergency contexts, the most frequent of which were COVID-19 ( n = 7) and non-specific emergencies ( n = 4). One record evaluated existing approaches, 6 proposed new approaches, and 10 described existing approaches. Commonly used approaches included the Behavioural Change Wheel; Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour model; and social identity theory. Three records discuss co-production with the target audience and consideration of diverse populations. Four records incorporate rapid testing, evaluation, or validation methods. Six records state that their approaches are designed to be implemented rapidly. No records cover all components of ACE. Conclusion: We recommend that future research explores how to create guidance involving rapid implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and evaluation.
The sensitivity of MIPs of 3D contrast-enhanced VIBE T1-weighted imaging for the detection of small brain metastases (≤ 5 mm) on 1.5 tesla MRI
Authors: Parillo Marco , Vertulli Daniele , Vaccarino Federica , Mallio Carlo Augusto , Beomonte Zobel Bruno , Quattrocchi Carlo Cosimo 
Published: June 2024

Objectives To evaluate whether the use of Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) images derived from contrast-enhanced 3D-T1-weighted volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) would allow more sensitive detection of small (≤5 mm) brain metastases (BM) compared with source as well as 2D-T1-weighted spin-echo (SE) images. Methods We performed a single center retrospective study on subjects with BM who underwent 1.5 tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging. Two readers counted the number of small BM for each of the seven sets of contrast-enhanced images created: axial 2D-T1-weighted SE, 3D-T1-weighted VIBE, 2.5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE, and 5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE; sagittal 3D-T1-weighted VIBE, 2.5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE, and 5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE. Total number of lesions detected on each image type was compared. Sensitivity, the average rates of false negatives and false positives, and the mean discrepancy were evaluated. Results A total of 403 small BM were identified in 49 patients. Significant differences were found: in the number of true positives and false negatives between the axial 2D-T1-weighted SE sequence and all other imaging techniques; in the number of false positives between the axial 2D-T1-weighted SE and the axial 3D-T1-weighted VIBE sequences. The two image types that combined offered the highest sensitivity were 2D-T1-weighted SE and axial 2.5 mm-thick-MIP T1-weighted VIBE. The axial 2D-T1-weighted SE sequence differed significantly in sensitivity from all other sequences. Conclusion MIP images did not show a significant difference in sensitivity for the detection of small BM compared with native images.
Association of Untreated Pre-surgical Depression With Pain and Outcomes After Spinal Surgery
Authors: Shin Jae-Won , Park Yung , Park Sung-Hoon , Ha Joong Won , Jung Woo-Seok , Kim Hak-Sun , Suk Kyung-Soo , Park Si-Young , Moon Seong-Hwan , Lee Byung Ho , Kwon Ji-Won , Ahn Jaeun 
Published: June 2024

Study Design Prospective Cohort Study. Objective Untreated pre-surgical depression may prolong post-surgical pain and hinder recovery. However, research on the impact of untreated pre-surgical depression on post-spinal surgery pain is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to assess pre-surgical depression in patients and analyze its relationship with post-surgical pain and overall post-surgical outcomes. Methods We recruited 100 patients scheduled for lumbar spine surgery due to spondylolisthesis, degenerative lumbar disc diseases, and herniated lumbar disc diseases. Psychiatrists evaluated them for the final selection. We assessed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EuroQoL 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) scores, numerical back and leg pain scales, and medication dosage data collected before and at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. Results Ninety-one patients were included in this study; 40 and 51 were allocated to the control and depression groups, respectively. The pre- and post-surgical leg pain, back pain, and functional scores were not different. However, the depression group showed higher ODI and EQ-5D and lower JOA scores than the control group 3 months post-surgery. Partial correlation analysis revealed an inverse correlation between the JOA and BDI scores and a positive correlation between the EQ-5D and BDI scores at 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion Untreated depression can prolong postoperative pain and hinder recovery. Detecting and treating depression in patients before spine surgery may improve their overall quality of life and functional recovery.
Facilitators and Barriers to the Adoption of Holistic Practices for Inclusive Recruitment in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Alexander Andreia B. , Funches Levi , Katta-Charles Sheryl , Williamson Francesca A. , Wright Curtis , Kara Areeba , Slaven James E. , Nabhan Zeina 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE A diverse physician workforce ensures equitable care. The holistic review of residency applications is one strategy to enhance physician diversity; however, little is known about current adoption and the factors that facilitate/impede the adoption of holistic recruitment practices (HRPs) by graduate medical education (GME) residency, and fellowship program directors (PDs). To describe the current state and explore, the barriers/facilitators to the adoption of HRPs at our institution. METHODS We disseminated information about HRP within our program between 2021 and 2022. In May 2022, a survey of 73 GME PDs assessed current recruitment practices and self-reported barriers to holistic recruitment. Holistic Recruitment Scores (HRSs) reflecting the adoption of best practices were tabulated for each program and compared to identify predictors of adoption. RESULTS 73/80 (92%) of PDs completed the survey. Programs whose PDs had higher academic rank, total number of trainees, and female trainees in the past 3 years had higher HRSs. Program size was directly correlated with HRS. Most (93%) PDs felt their current efforts were aligned to increase diversity and 58% felt there were no barriers to the adoption of holistic review. The most reported barriers were lack of time and knowledge/expertise in diversity, equity, and inclusion ( DEI) , both reported by 16 out of 73 PDs (22%). CONCLUSION While most PDs implemented some HRP, institutional and departmental support of program directors through the commitment of resources (eg, staffing help and subject matter experts/coaches hiring) are crucial to overcome barriers.
Professional and Psychological Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Training of Medical Residents
Authors: Kanso Ali , Homsi Natasha , Chaitou Ali R. , Farfour Imadeddine , Wehbe Hussein , Tarabay Lubna , Abou-Mrad Fadi 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVES Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profoundly impacted residency and fellowship training and education. However, how and to what extent the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon compromised the daily involvement of trainees on the clinical and ethical levels is currently unknown, which this study will shed light on. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey (30 questions) targeting medical residents delivering healthcare services in Lebanon. Residents from different specialties were included in the study to assess the effect of the pandemic on their education and the ethical obstacles they faced when dealing with patients. RESULTS A total of 221 postgraduate medical students participated in our study. Results showed that about half of the residents (52.1%) were only able to do a basic physical examination rather than a full examination as a mandatory requirement in the residency curriculum. The majority (60%) agreed that the doctor–patient relationship is contravened. In addition, almost all residents suffered from fear and emotional distress that affected their education (83.7%). CONCLUSION The findings of this study identify the effect of COVID-19 on residents’ training, which affects treatment outcomes and greatly impacts the mental well-being of both healthcare workers and patients.
The Association of Physical Activity and Stress-induced Neurocognitive Impairments in Inhibitory Control in Children
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Hanke Manuel , Schwarz Anja , Leuenberger Rahel , Bruggisser Fabienne , Looser Vera Nina , Gerber Markus 
Published: June 2024

Background Evaluation stress can impair inhibitory control, limiting the ability of children to perform cognitively. However, evidence on protective factors is lacking as stress-induced cognitive impairments are poorly understood. High physical activity has been related to better inhibitory control and has the potential to buffer the response to a stressor. We investigated the association of physical activity and stress-induced changes in inhibitory control as well as its underlying cognitive control processes (i.e., conflict monitoring and resolution). Method Participants (10 to 13 y) with either low ( N = 55) or high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( N = 55) completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) and a control task in a randomized order. During both conditions, salivary cortisol was collected. Additionally, a computerized Stroop task was administered before and after the experimental conditions. The N200 and positive slow wave (PSW) components of event-related potentials elicited by the Stroop task were recorded using electroencephalography. Results In comparison to the control task, the TSST-C elicited a pre-to post-test decrease of accuracy on incompatible trials. Path-analyses further revealed that this decrease was related to low physical activity and a reduced PSW amplitude. However, both the N200 and PSW amplitudes did not mediate the relation between physical activity groups and performance on the Stroop task. Conclusion In children, evaluation stress decreases inhibitory control partly due to a reduced effectiveness of conflict resolution processes. Only children with high physical activity maintain inhibitory control after facing the stressor. However, this protective effect cannot be attributed to changes in conflict monitoring and resolution.
In vivo CAR T-cell generation in nonhuman primates using lentiviral vectors displaying a multidomain fusion ligand
Authors: Nicolai Christopher J. , Parker Maura H. , Qin Jim , Tang Weiliang , Ulrich-Lewis Justin T. , Gottschalk Rebecca J. , Cooper Sara E. , Hernandez Lopez Susana A. , Parrilla Don , Mangio Richard S. , Ericson Nolan G. , Brandes Alissa H. , Umuhoza Saluwa , Michels Kathryn R. , McDonnell Mollie M. , Park Lisa Y. , Shin Seungjin , Leung Wai-Hang , Scharenberg Andrew M. , Kiem Hans-Peter , Larson Ryan P. , Beitz Laurie O. , Ryu Byoung Y. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have demonstrated transformative efficacy in treating B-cell malignancies. However, high costs and manufacturing complexities hinder their widespread use. To overcome these hurdles, we have developed the VivoVec platform, a lentiviral vector capable of generating CAR T cells in vivo. Here, we describe the incorporation of T-cell activation and costimulatory signals onto the surface of VivoVec particles (VVPs) in the form of a multidomain fusion protein and show enhanced in vivo transduction and improved CAR T-cell antitumor functionality. Furthermore, in the absence of lymphodepleting chemotherapy, administration of VVPs into nonhuman primates resulted in the robust generation of anti-CD20 CAR T cells and the complete depletion of B cells for &gt;10 weeks. These data validate the VivoVec platform in a translationally relevant model and support its transition into human clinical testing, offering a paradigm shift in the field of CAR T-cell therapies.
Venetoclax resistance leads to broad resistance to standard-of-care anti-MM agents, but not to immunotherapies
Authors: Deng Shuhui , Derebail Sanika , Weiler Vera Joy , Fong Ng Jessica , Maroto-Martin Elena , Chatterjee Madhumouli , Giorgetti Giulia , Chakraborty Chandraditya , Kalhotra Poonam , Du Ting , Yao Yao , Prabhala Rao , Shammas Masood , Gulla Annamaria , Aktas Samur Anil , Samur Mehmet Kemal , Qiu Lugui , Anderson Kenneth C. , Fulciniti Mariateresa , Munshi Nikhil C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstact
To our knowledge, venetoclax is the first example of personalized medicine for multiple myeloma (MM), with meaningful clinical activity as a monotherapy and in combination in patients with myeloma harboring the t(11:14) translocation. However, despite the high response rates and prolonged progression-free survival, a significant proportion of patients eventually relapse. Here, we aim to study adaptive molecular responses after the acquisition of venetoclax resistance in sensitive t(11:14) MM cell models. We therefore generated single-cell venetoclax-resistant t(11:14) MM cell lines and investigated the mechanisms contributing to resistance as well as the cells’ sensitivity to other treatments. Our data suggest that acquired resistance to venetoclax is characterized by reduced mitochondrial priming and changes in B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins’ expression in MM cells, conferring broad resistance to standard-of-care antimyeloma drugs. However, our results show that the resistant cells are still sensitive to immunotherapeutic treatments, highlighting the need to consider appropriate sequencing of these treatments after venetoclax-based regimens.