bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An HLA‐DR11/DQ3 haplotype with a DRB1*0301 sequence motif in the third hypervariable region of the HLA‐DR beta‐1 chain: molecular and serological analysis of its generation in a European Caucasian family
Authors: Kelsch R. , Binder T. M. C. , Elsner H. A. , Eiermann T. H. , Sibrowski W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe formation of a new human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1 allele (DRB1*0340) has been detected during the routine testing of a European Caucasian blood and potential stem cell donor and his family. HLA typing of the donor with two polymerase chain reaction ‐ sequence specific oligonucleotides (PCR‐SSO) systems yielded inconclusive results. HLA typing of the family members including sequence‐based typing of DRB1 in both directions after haplotype‐specific amplification showed that the allele had most likely formed by a double crossover event in exon 2 of the DRB1 gene. The HLA haplotype containing the new allele was most probably derived from the father, who was typed as HLA‐DRB1*0301,*1101 and DRB3*0101,*0202. The comparison of the sequences of the paternal DRB1 and DRB3 alleles with the exon 2 sequence of the DRB1*0340 showed that it had most likely formed through an uptake of at least the sequence part codons 58–77 of DRB1*0301 (donor) by DRB1*1101 (acceptor). We suppose that the recombination sites are located in the sequences from codons 38–57 and codons 78–88. At the protein level, more than 50% of the alpha‐helical structure of the DRB1*1101 chain is replaced by a DRB1*0301‐derived sequence with the exchange of several amino acids. Serological typing of the allele showed HLA‐DR3. However, one monoclonal anti‐DR11 of five DR11‐reactive antibodies reacted positive, which might indicate residual immunogenic epitopes of DRB1*1101. HLA alleles that are most similar to HLA‐DRB1*0340 are DRB1*030501, *0317, *0329 and *1107 with at least four amino acid differences in exon 2. In conclusion, HLA‐DRB1*0340 is a new allele with unique properties compared with other known HLA‐DRB alleles with regard to antigenicity, T‐cell receptor‐binding and peptide‐binding possibilities.
The CD226 gene in susceptibility of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Douroudis K. , Nemvalts V. , Rajasalu T. , Kisand K. , Uibo R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe rs763361 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the CD226 gene has recently been reported as a novel susceptible locus for type 1 diabetes. The CD226 gene is implicated in the regulation of a number of cells involved in immune mechanisms leading to β‐cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to confirm the association of the CD226 gene with type 1 diabetes in Estonian population. The TT genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25–4.18, P = 0.0071) and the T allele (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.11–1.98, P = 0.0084) of the rs763361 SNP were associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes. The current study replicates the novel association of the rs763361 SNP in susceptibility of type 1 diabetes and supports the CD226 gene as a susceptible candidate locus for type 1 diabetes outside the major histocompatibility complex region.
Molecular characterization and association with carcass traits of the porcine SLC39A7 gene
Authors: Chen Z.G. , Ma Z.X. , Zuo B. , Lei M.G. , Xiong Y.Z. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryIn this study, the molecular characterization and potential association of SLC39A7 gene with carcass traits were investigated in pigs. The sequence of SLC39A7 cDNA was obtained by in silico cloning and RT‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two transcripts, variant 1 (2398 bp) and variant 2 (2088 bp), of the SLC39A7 gene were identified. Expression analysis of SLC39A7 in 10 different tissues by RT‐PCR showed that variant 1 was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues analysed, but variant 2 was not found in fat tissue. The cDNA regions of variant 1 and 2 were organized in seven and eight exons respectively. A c.205G>A substitution in exon 3, which changes a codon for glycine into a codon for arginine, (p.Gly69Arg) and a c.1138‐216T>C substitution in intron 6 were detected by PCR‐HpaII‐restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and PCR‐cofI‐RFLP respectively. Significant differences were found in the allele frequencies of c.205G>A among six Chinese indigenous pig breeds and two commercial pig breeds. Linkage analysis showed that the c.205G>A polymorphism within the SLC39A7 gene was closely linked to the marker Sw1856 on pig chromosome 7 in a Large White × Meishan F2 resource population. The QTL and association studies between polymorphisms of the SLC39A7 gene and carcass traits were carried out. Significant associations of the SLC39A7 polymorphisms with backfat thickness at thorax‐waist (p < 0.05), average backfat thickness (p < 0.05) and leaf fat weight (p < 0.01) were found. Additional F‐drop test or marker assisted association analyses also supported the association of the mutation in SLC39A7 with the above traits. Together, the present study provided the useful information for the characterization of SLC39A7 gene and potential association with carcass traits in pigs.
Direct and maternal (co)variance components and heritability estimates for body weights in Chokla sheep
Authors: Kushwaha B.P. , Mandal A. , Arora A.L. , Kumar R. , Kumar S. , Notter D.R. 
Published: July 2009

SummaryEstimates of (co)variance components were obtained for weights at birth, weaning and 6, 9 and 12 months of age in Chokla sheep maintained at the Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India, over a period of 21 years (1980–2000). Records of 2030 lambs descended from 150 rams and 616 ewes were used in the study. Analyses were carried out by restricted maximum likelihood (REML) fitting an animal model and ignoring or including maternal genetic or permanent environmental effects. Six different animal models were fitted for all traits. The best model was chosen after testing the improvement of the log‐likelihood values. Direct heritability estimates were inflated substantially for all traits when maternal effects were ignored. Heritability estimates for weight at birth, weaning and 6, 9 and 12 months of age were 0.20, 0.18, 0.16, 0.22 and 0.23, respectively in the best models. Additive maternal and maternal permanent environmental effects were both significant at birth, accounting for 9% and 12% of phenotypic variance, respectively, but the source of maternal effects (additive versus permanent environmental) at later ages could not be clearly identified. The estimated repeatabilities across years of ewe effects on lamb body weights were 0.26, 0.14, 0.12, 0.13, and 0.15 at birth, weaning, 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively. These results indicate that modest rates of genetic progress are possible for all weights.
Non‐polio enteroviruses in acute flaccid paralysis children of India: Vital assessment before polio eradication
Authors: Dhole Tapan N , Ayyagari Archana , Chowdhary Rashmi , Shakya Akhalesh K , Shrivastav Nikky , Datta Tapas , Prakash Vijay 
Published: July 2009

Aim:  This study is an overview of non‐polio enterovirus (NPEV) circulating in North India studied from the perspective of poliomyelitis eradication. Wild polio cases declined because of intensive oral polio vaccine immunization. As we approach global eradication of poliovirus (PV), NPEV causing acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) are equal cause of concern.Methods:  A total of 46 653 AFP samples (World Health Organization) and apparently 1000 healthy contacts living in the same geographical area were studied (2004–2007). Serological identification of NPEV was done using RIVM‐specific pools (The Netherlands). Untyped (UT)‐NPEVs were sequenced directly from reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction using pan‐enterovirus (Pan‐EV) primer (CDC, Atlanta, GA) targeting highly conserved 5′un‐translated regions of the enterovirus.Results:  In this study, 12 513 NPEVs were isolated from the collected stool samples. Seroneutralization had identified 67% of NPEV isolates, whereas 32.6% remained as UT‐ NPEV. Of the typed NPEVs, Coxsackie‐B accounted for 32.3%; followed by echoviruses‐11, 12, 13, 7 between 8 and 28%. In sequencing few UT‐NPEVs, some were identified also as echovirus‐30, 11 and 18 which were probably present in mixtures as they remained UT‐NPEV in ENT. Newly classified human enterovirus virus‐86 (HEV) (EU079026), HEV‐97(EU071767) and HEV‐B isolate (EU071768) were isolated in AFP samples.Conclusions:  This study provided definitive information about circulation, prevalence and new emerging NPEV in the polio‐endemic region of India, hence they should be considered in AFP surveillance. This would help in adopting and planning new strategies in post‐PV eradication era in the country. This is the right time to prepare for the future tasks while we head towards a polio‐free region.
Prostatic metastasis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung
Authors: YOO Jeong Hwan , LEE Ji Hyun , KIM Eun Kyung , HONG Young Kwon , LEE Yonghee , JEONG Hye Cheol 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTLarge cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is a rare and aggressive tumour with a poor prognosis. Lung cancer metastases to the prostate are also uncommon, and are usually found incidentally during autopsy. Most reported primary lung cancers with prostatic metastases are small cell carcinomas, and prostatic metastases from LCNEC of the lung have not been reported previously. This case report describes a 70‐year‐old man with LCNEC of the lung and metastases in the prostate, brain, bone, liver and lymph nodes.
Serum hydrogen sulfide as a novel marker predicting bacterial involvement in patients with community‐acquired lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: CHEN Ya‐Hong , YAO Wan‐Zhen , GAO Jing‐Zhen , GENG Bin , WANG Pei‐Pei , TANG Chao‐Shu 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation. It was investigated whether serum H2S levels differed among patients with community‐acquired pneumonia, those with exacerbations of COPD or control subjects, and whether H2S may be used as a surrogate marker of the need for antibiotic treatment.Methods:  Serum H2S levels were measured in 129 patients with pneumonia or COPD exacerbations and in 72 healthy control subjects.Results:  The mean serum H2S concentration was 36% lower in patients with pneumonia (22.7 ± 14.6 µmol/L) than in control subjects (35.4 ± 5.3 µmol/L) (P < 0.01). Serum H2S concentration did not differ between patients with acute exacerbations of COPD (33.8 ± 18.6 µmol/L) and control subjects. Within the COPD group, patients with Anthonisen type 1 exacerbations had a lower serum H2S concentration (22.5 ± 11.6 µmol/L) than control subjects, and those with type 3 exacerbations had a higher serum H2S concentration (54.2 ± 21.3 µmol/L) than control subjects. There was no difference between patients with type 2 exacerbations (41.7 ± 8.4 µmol/L) and control subjects. In patients requiring antibiotics, serum H2S concentration was 41% lower than in those not requiring antibiotics. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for H2S as a surrogate marker of the need for antibiotics was 0.862 (95% confidence interval: 0.805–0.919, P < 0.01). Serum H2S levels were inversely correlated with serum CRP levels (r = −0.337, P < 0.01).Conclusions:  Serum H2S levels may be used as a marker in lower respiratory tract infections. Further studies are required to validate the role of serum H2S levels in guiding antibiotic selection.
Respiratory infections: A current and future threat
Authors: WATERER Grant , WUNDERINK Richard 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTDespite all the medical progress in the last 50 years pulmonary infections continue to exact and extremely high human and economic cost. This review will focus on the human, pathogen and environmental factors that contribute to the continued global burden or respiratory diseases with a particular focus on areas where we might hope to see some progress in the coming decades.
Patient noncompliance before surgery
Authors: Kaye Jonathan D. , Richstone Lee , Cho Jane S. , Tai Julia Y. , Arrand Jonathan , Kavoussi Louis R. 
Published: July 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo assess patient compliance with preoperative instructions and to determine causes and factors of noncompliance, as noncompliance might affect surgical outcome and has potential medicolegal implications.PATIENTS AND METHODSOne surgeon counselled 101 consecutive patients before undergoing laparoscopic renal surgery. Deliberate discussions instructed patients to bring their radiograph films on the day of surgery and complete a preoperative bowel preparation. Noncompliance was defined as failure to bring films and/or complete bowel preparation. Patient demographics, socio‐economic and clinical variables were analysed, and reasons for failure to comply with instructions were also recorded.RESULTSTwenty‐four of the 101 (24%) patients were not compliant, 13 with films only, seven with bowel preparation only, and four with both sets of instructions. Univariate analysis showed that language and race were factors for noncompliance. Multivariate analysis showed that non‐Caucasians had 17 times the risk of noncompliance (P < 0.001); long distance from home to the site of care had five times the risk of noncompliance (P = 0.041), and each day between the initial consultation and the date of surgery had 1.05 times the risk of noncompliance (P < 0.001). The most common reason given by patients for noncompliance was that they were never given the preoperative instructions.CONCLUSIONSNoncompliance with preoperative surgical instructions is a significant issue and is increased in non‐Caucasian patients, those travelling long distances, and those whose surgery date is long after their preoperative consultation. A systems‐based approach is needed to address this significant issue.
Increased waking salivary cortisol and depression risk in preschoolers: the role of maternal history of melancholic depression and early child temperament
Authors: Dougherty Lea R. , Klein Daniel N. , Olino Thomas M. , Dyson Margaret , Rose Suzanne 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Elevated morning cortisol is a prospective predictor of major depression and may serve as a vulnerability marker. We examined the relation between morning cortisol and two prominent risk factors for depression in preschool‐aged children: maternal depression and child temperament. We also explored whether maternal depression during the child’s life, parental hostility and life stress explained these associations.Methods:  Ninety‐four children provided a morning salivary cortisol sample, and 92 children provided an evening sample. Child temperament and parenting were assessed using observational measures, and maternal depression and life stress were assessed with clinical interviews.Results:  Maternal history of melancholic depression and child temperamental low positive emotionality were significantly associated with higher morning cortisol. These relations persisted after controlling for children’s negative emotionality and concurrent depressive symptoms, parental hostility, and life stress.Conclusions:  Our findings support the hypothesis that elevated morning cortisol may serve as an early‐emerging vulnerability factor for depression, and highlight the importance of anhedonia in risk for depression.
Engel curves and the unitary theory of the household
Authors: Vitaliano Donald F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPreviously unutilized household budget data are used to fit Engel curves to test Gary Becker's unitary theory of the household. If resources are fungible and are allocated to maximize a household utility function, the pattern of outlay should be invariant to control over and sources of income. The earnings of wives and Engel curves for food, rent, clothing, light and fuel, insurance and sundries are estimated using the two‐step method of Murphy and Topel. Although working wives contributed an average of 20% of household income, the coefficient of their earnings is not significant in every Engel curve estimated. It appears that Becker's altruist head of the household is the housewife/financial manager, at least in New York City in the early twentieth century.
Seaweed attachment to bedrock: biophysical evidence for a new geophycology paradigm
Authors: MORRISON L. , FEELY M. , STENGEL D. B. , BLAMEY NIGEL , DOCKERY P. , SHERLOCK A. , TIMMINS É. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSeaweeds are amongst the most obvious and ecologically important components of rocky shore communities worldwide but until now little has been known about the processes involved in their attachment. This multidisciplinary study investigated for the first time the interactions between marine macroalgal holdfasts and their underlying substrata, requiring the development of specialized sample preparation techniques to maintain the structural integrity of the holdfast–bedrock interface. Transmitted plane polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy and structured light illumination microscopy were used in the examination of the interface between Ascophyllum nodosum (Fucales, Heterokontophyta) and crustose red algae Lithothamnion sp. (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) on granite and limestone substrates. The new evidence presented here represents a paradigm shift in the way we view seaweed attachment because results show that the holdfasts exploit the physical characteristics of the rock‐forming minerals in order to penetrate the bedrock and thus facilitate the attachment process. Mineral cleavage planes together with intercrystalline and intracrystalline boundaries and fractures provide penetration pathways for the holdfast tissue. This process causes disaggregation of rock‐forming minerals to depths <10 mm and therefore assists in the bioerosion of coastal bedrock. It is concluded that seaweeds are able to cause weathering of natural rock and the term ‘geophycology’ is introduced to describe seaweed–bedrock interactions, including seaweed‐induced weathering.
AN EOCENE FROGFISH FROM MONTE BOLCA, ITALY: THE EARLIEST KNOWN SKELETAL RECORD FOR THE FAMILY
Authors: CARNEVALE GIORGIO , PIETSCH THEODORE W. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract: Eophryne barbutii gen. et sp. nov., a new frogfish from the Ypresian of Monte Bolca (Italy), is described. This taxon is the oldest member of the family Antennariidae known to date based on articulated skeletal remains. Eophryne barbutii gen. et sp. nov. possesses a unique combination of features that supports its recognition as a new genus of the family Antennariidae. It is characterized by the presence of tiny bifurcated dermal spinules on the skin between and on the surface of the second and third dorsal‐fin spines, a naked illicium, outermost caudal‐fin rays simple, caudal peduncle present, 11 dorsal‐fin rays, and seven anal‐fin rays. Eophryne gen. nov. shows a certain degree of phenetic resemblance to the extant genera Antennarius, Histrio and Nudiantennarius. Palaeoecological and evolutionary implications are also discussed.
A NEW TRISTICHOPTERID (SARCOPTERYGII, TETRAPODOMORPHA) FROM THE UPPER FAMENNIAN EVIEUX FORMATION (UPPER DEVONIAN) OF BELGIUM
Authors: CLEMENT GAËL , SNITTING DANIEL , AHLBERG PER ERIK 
Published: July 2009

Abstract: Additional material of a large specimen of tristichopterid fish from the Upper Famennian Evieux Formation of Belgium is described. This large fish was previously assigned to Tristichopteridae gen. et sp. indet. due to the lack of diagnostic anatomical data. New available material consists of the internal surface of the parietal shield, vomers and anterior part of the parasphenoid, subopercular and submandibulo‐branchiostegal bones, and an internal view of the anterior part of the mandible. A possible autapomorphy of the new form from Belgium,Langlieria socquetigen. nov. et sp. nov., is the absence of marginal teeth on the vomer except on its most lateral part. Apart from these features, it only differs from the genusMandageriafrom Australia in the absence of marginal teeth between the dentary fang and the mandibular symphysis, in the presence of a raised marginal crest lateral to the anterior coronoid fang, and in the presence of numerous small marginal teeth on the premaxilla. It differs from the cosmopolitan genusEusthenodonin a number of respects: the supratemporal, tabular, and postparietal bones are superficially fused, as are the intertemporal and parietal bones, the dermal ornament is proportionally very fine, and the denticulated field of the parasphenoid stands proud rather than being recessed into the body of the bone.
CLEPTOPARASITISM AND DETRITIVORY IN DUNG BEETLE FOSSIL BROOD BALLS FROM PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA
Authors: SÁNCHEZ M. VICTORIA , GENISE JORGE F. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract: Traces within traces is a new ichnological field that is meant to shed light on significative palaeoecological aspects. Dung beetle fossil brood balls (Coprinisphaeraispp.), from the Middle Eocene – Lower Miocene Sarmiento Formation of Patagonia, Argentina, show two different trace fossils excavated in its infillings and/or wall that reveal the presence and relationships among different components of past dung communities.Tombownichnus pepein. isp. is represented by elongated pits, circular to elliptical in cross‐section, occurring in the centre or beside ovoid mounds in the internal surface of theCoprinisphaerawall. These traces record the activity of cleptoparasites, such as other dung beetles or flies, whose larvae were probably carried passively with the dung for provisions.Tombownichnus pepeiwould represent the pupation chambers excavated by full grown larvae in theCoprinisphaerawall after completing their development inside provisioned dung. The other trace fossil,Lazaichnus fistulosusis represented by circular to subcircular borings occurring inCoprinisphaerawalls, in connection with an internal gallery in their infillings. Its connection also with meniscate burrows and chambers in the surrounding palaeosol attributable to aestivation chambers of earthworms revealed that these organisms would have been active cleptoparasites or detritivores in dung beetle fossil brood balls.
A REVISION OF THE FOSSIL PIRATE SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE: MIMETIDAE)
Authors: HARMS DANILO , DUNLOP JASON A. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract: Fossil pirate spiders (Araneae: Mimetidae) are revised. The extinct generaSuccineroWunderlich, 2004aandPalaeoeroWunderlich, 2004aare interpreted as synonyms of the extant genusEroC. L. Koch, 1836. We recognize here the following fossil species as valid:E. carboneanaPetrunkevitch, 1942,E. longitarsus(Wunderlich, 2004a) comb. nov. andE. permundaPetrunkevitch, 1942, all from Baltic amber (Paleogene: Eocene), andE. rovnoensis(Wunderlich, 2004b) comb. nov. from Rovno (Ukranian) amber (Paleogene: Eocene).Mimetus bituberculatusWunderlich, 1988 from Dominican Republic amber (Neogene: Miocene) can be assigned to a specifically American clade ofMimetusHentz, 1932.Mimetus brevipesWunderlich, 2004afrom Baltic amber is synonymized withM. longipesWunderlich, 2004asyn. nov. Of the other species (all Baltic amber),Ero aberransPetrunkevitch, 1958 lacks taxonomically useful characters.Ero setulosaC. L. Koch and Berendt, 1854 is based on two non‐conspecific, and non‐mimetid, spiders.Mimetarchaea gintarasEskov, 1992 is a subadult male mimetid. The putative oarcine ‘missing link’Praeoarces exitusWunderlich, 2004ais a subadult female mimetine. All four are treated here asnomina dubia. Other fossil mimetid species in the literature arenomina nuda.