bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urokinase receptor, MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 are markers to differentiate prognosis, adenoma and carcinoma in thyroid malignancies
Authors: Buergy Daniel , Weber Theresia , Maurer Gabriele D. , Mudduluru Giridhar , Medved Fabian , Leupold Joerg H. , Brauckhoff Michael , Post Stefan , Dralle Henning , Allgayer Heike 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe identification of high‐risk patients with thyroid cancer and the preoperative differentiation between follicular adenoma and carcinoma remain clinically challenging. Our study was conducted to analyze whether the quantification of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (u‐PAR) and transcription factor binding to the u‐PAR promoter improve prognostic predictability and differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors. Tumor/normal tissue was collected from 69 prospectively followed patients with thyroid carcinomas (papillary, medullary, follicular and anaplastic, PTC, MTC, FTC and ATC) or follicular adenomas. U‐PAR, MMP‐1, MMP‐7 and MMP‐9 amounts were determined by ELISA, and transcription factor binding was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Binding of transcription factors to the u‐PAR promoter was observed, but not associated with u‐PAR expression. Carcinomas except MTC expressed significantly more u‐PAR/MMPs than adenomas/normal tissues, this being associated with advanced pT‐ or M‐stages. MMP‐1 and MMP‐9 were significantly higher in follicular carcinomas than in adenomas. In carcinomas, high u‐PAR‐gene expression correlated significantly with high MMP‐9, the latter being associated with MMP‐7 in normal tissues. Poor survival in differentiated tumors was associated in trend (p = 0.07); poor survival of all patients (p = 0.043) and especially of patients with carcinomas of follicular origin (including ATC), but not medullary carcinomas, were significantly associated with high u‐PAR‐protein (p = 0.015). Quantification of u‐PAR is of prognostic relevance in thyroid carcinomas of non‐c‐cell origin, and u‐PAR in part may be regulated nontranscriptionally in thyroid cancers. This is the first study to suggest MMP‐1/‐9 as significant differentiation markers between follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. © 2009 UICC
Synthesis of indole derivatives. Part III. Extension of the amine oxide rearrangement
Authors: Thyagarajan B. S. , Majumdar K. C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe synthesis of N,N‐bis(4‐aryloxy‐2‐butynyl)anilines and their rearrangement to 1,2,3‐trisub‐stituted indoles is described.
Synthesis of some 1‐methyl‐3‐alkoxy‐5‐arylpyrrolecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Authors: Campaigne E. , Shutske G. M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBy a combination of hydrolysis, decarboxylation, and methylation diethyl 1‐methyl‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐phenylpyrrole‐2,4‐dicarboxylate was converted into 1‐methyl‐3‐methoxy‐5‐phenyl‐pyrrole‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid (5) and into the isomeric compounds ethyl 1‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐4‐methoxypyrrole‐3‐carboxylate (4a) and ethyl 1‐methyl‐3‐methoxy‐5‐phenylpyrrole‐2‐carboxylate (9a). 1‐Methyl‐2‐phenyl‐4‐methoxypyrrole‐3‐carboxylic acid was synthesized both by the selective decarboxylation of 5 and by the hydrolysis of 4a. Hydrolysis of 9a, however, did not give the corresponding acid, but rather an oxidation product, 1‐methyl‐3‐methoxy‐5‐hydroxy‐5‐phenyl‐3‐pyrrolin‐2‐onc (10a). Compound 10a was shown to arise from the air oxidation of the completely decarboxylated product, 1‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐4‐methoxypyrrole. Reduction of 9a with lithium aluminum hydride gave 1‐methyl‐3‐methoxy‐5‐phenylpyrrole‐2‐methanol, which yielded 10a upon oxidation with silver oxide.
The synthesis and properties of certain N‐methylated 5‐diazouracils
Authors: Thurber T. Craig , Townsend Leroy B. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reduction of 1‐methyl‐, 3‐methyl‐ and 1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐nitrouracil (Ia‐c) to the corresponding 5‐aminouracils (IIa‐c) is described. Diazotization of 5‐amino‐1‐methyluracil (IIa) and 5‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil (IIc) gave 5‐diazouracils which were characterized as thermally stable C6 covalent hydrates (III and XIII). Diazotization of 5‐amino‐3‐methyluracil (IIb) gave anhydro 5‐diazo‐3‐methyluracil (X) which underwent covalent methanolation and thermally reversible covalent hydration. Treatment of III and XIII with hot methanol resulted in solvent exchange of the C6 hydroxyl groups by a mechanism which may involve initial formation of diazoethers. Treatment of the methanolates (IV, XI and XIV) with dimethylamine resulted in coupling at the diazo group with a concomitant expulsion of the C6 methoxyl groups to give 5‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐1‐triazeno)uracils (XVa‐c).
Quinazolines and 1,4‐benzodiazepines. LXXI. Reactions of 2‐(triazol‐4‐yl)benzophenones
Authors: Walser Armin , Flynn Thomas , Fryer R. Ian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSome new triazolylbenzophenones 3 were prepared by reaction of the corresponding quinazolines 2 with formic acid. Conversions of compounds 3 to known triazolobenzodiazepines are described. One of the processes proceeds via the double bond isomer 13. The reaction of the aldehyde 9 with hydrazine interestingly yielded the triazoloquinolines 11 and 12. The cyclization of the benzophenones 3 to the triazoloindoles 15 and the alkylation of the latter to derivatives with basic and acidic side chains are also reported. Quaternization of compound 16 with ethyl bromoacetate followed by treatment with hydroxide resulted in the formation of the triazinoindole 12.
2,3‐Dimethylquinoxaline‐6‐carboxaldehyde 1,4‐dioxide
Authors: Edwards M. L. , Bambury R. E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of derivatives of 2,3‐dimethylquinoxaline‐6‐carboxaldehyde 1,4‐dioxide was prepared. Derivatives prepared included nitrones, semicarbazide, and aminooxazolidinone.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XXI. Mass spectra of some parent compounds and their hydroperchlorate salts
Authors: Klemm L. H. , Rottschaefer Susan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMass spectral fragmentation patterns are reported for ten parent thienopyridines containing 2‐4 rings. Several spectra were determined directly on crystalline hydroperchlorate salts, which produced pure spectra of the azine components (devoid of all peaks for perchloric acid or its decomposition products). Consistent with aromaticity in the thienopyridines are formations of both singly (most abundant) and doubly charged molecular ions, as well as (M‐1) ions. Losses of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monosulfide (or thioformyl radical) occur from the molecular ions.
The synthesis of 2‐substituted azino‐3‐(β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)‐5‐carboxymethylenethiazolidin‐4‐ ones
Authors: Hohnjec Marijan , Japelj Miha , Kobe Joze , Valcavi Umberto 
Published: April 2009

Abstract2‐(1‐Isopropylidene)azino‐3‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐5‐ methoxycarbonylmethylenethiazolidin‐4‐one (IV) and 2‐(1‐methylbenzilidene)azino‐3‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐5‐carboxymethylenethiazolidin‐4‐one were prepared by independent synthesis utilizing either acid catalyzed fusion of 2‐(1‐isopropylidene)azino‐5‐methoxycarbonylmethylenethiazolidin‐3(H)‐4‐one (II) with 1‐O‐acetyl‐2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranose, silylation procedure with 2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐D‐ribofuranosyl bromide or by cyclization of new isopropylidene and/or methylbenzilidene derivatives (VII) of 4‐(2,3,5‐tri‐O‐benzoyl‐β‐D‐ribofuranosyl)thiosemicarbazide (VI) with maleic anhydride and subsequent methylation. The synthetic approach has unambigously established the glycosilation site as well as anomeric configuration, which was additionally derived from pmr spectral data.
Analogues méso‐hétérocycliques du dihydro‐9,10 anthracène. XII — Sur quelques indoles dérivés de la dibenzo‐p‐dioxine
Authors: Saint‐Ruf Germain , Chalot Alain , Lobert Bernard , Hien Do Phuoc 
Published: April 2009

AbstractL'amino‐2 dibenzo‐p‐dioxine se condense facilement avee les les ω‐bromocétones pour donner des aroylméthylamino‐2 dibenzo‐p‐dioxines qui subissent, dans certaines conditions, la cyclisation indolique de Möhlau‐Bischler. II a été ainsi préparé plusieurs indolo[5,6‐b]benzodioxine‐1,4 dont on a étudié les effets biochimiques sur la zoxazolamine hydroxylase chez le Rat.
Reactivity of acyl chloride aryl‐hydrazones with some diazines
Authors: Dalla Croce Piero 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of methyl phenylhydrazonochloroacetate with pyridazine, pyrazine, quinoxaline and phthalazine gave the corresponding 1:1 cycloadducts (1–4) whose structure was proven by spectroscopic data and chemical transformations.
Application of photoelectron spectroscopy to biologically active molecules and their constituent parts. II. 1,4‐Benzodiazepines
Authors: Kajfež F. , Klasine L. , Šunjić V. , Tòth T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Hel photoelectron (PE) spectra of 5‐phenyl‐7‐chloro‐2H‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one (1), its 1‐methyl derivative (2), 3‐hydroxy derivative (3), 1‐methyl‐3‐hydroxy derivative (4), 3‐(S)‐methyl derivative (5), and 1‐methyl‐3‐(S)‐methyl derivative (6) have been recorded. The electronic structure of these compounds is discussed on the basis of the observed ionization energies, and of the semiempirical CNDO/2 calculations on model compounds 1a‐6a, which have a hydrogen instead of the phenyl group in the 5‐position. As a result the character of the seven highest occupied orbitals in 1–6 have been assigned.
Syntheses of heterocyclic fused thiazolecarboxylic acids I
Authors: Bell Stanley C. , Gochman Carl , Wei Peter H. L. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA number of thiazolo 5‐carboxylic acid derivatives were prepared which were fused to other heterocycles such as 1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine, quinazoline, and pyrimidine rings at the 2,3‐position of the thiazole ring. In several instances unexpected products were obtained, depending on the reaction conditions. The chemistry of these reactions and the identification of the products are discussed.
A novel synthesis of dibenzo[b,f] [1,4]thiazepin‐11(10H)one 5,5‐dioxides
Authors: Bennett O. Francis , Johnson James , Galletto Sandra 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTreatment of thioxanthen‐9‐one 10,10‐dioxides with sodium amide in liquid ammonia provided a novel one‐step conversion to dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepin‐11(10H)one 5,5‐dioxides. Some limitations and a possible mechanism for the reaction are discussed.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XXIII. Mass spectra of some N‐oxides, sulfoxides, and sulfones
Authors: Klemm L. H. , Rottschaefer Susan , Merrill R. E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe mass spectral fragmentation patterns of a series of thienopyridine N‐oxides, S‐oxides, and S,S‐dioxides were elaborated as a means of structural determination. Observation of a significant (M‐16) peak is diagnostic for the presence of either an N‐oxide or an S‐oxide function (indistinguishable from one another by this method) but does not occur for an S,S‐dioxide function. For a substituted thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine 7‐oxide, structural rearrangement to a pyridone (followed by emission of carbon monoxide or formyl radical) or side‐chain fission may be competitive with de‐N‐oxygenation. For two tricyclic parent S‐oxides, rearrangement and de‐S‐oxygenation are competing initial processes. For parent S,S‐dioxides structural rearrangement precedes fragmentation, wherein the oxygen is ejected in such forms as sulfur monoxide, carbon monoxide, formyl or cyanate radicals, and ketene.
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part DCXXXII. The formation of the benzimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline by reaction of the 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐(2‐nitrophenethyl)isoquinoline with triethyl phosphite
Authors: Kametani Tetsuji , Fujimoto Yasuo , Mizushima Masakatsu 
Published: April 2009

AbstractReductive cyclization of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1‐(4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrophen‐ethyl)isoquinoline (V) with triethyl phosphite gave 5,6‐dihydro‐2,3,9,10‐tetramethoxybenzimidazo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline (IX), whose structure was identified by the spectroscopic analyses by an alternative synthesis.
Synthesis of perhydro‐1,2,5,6‐tetrazocine and derivatives
Authors: Nielsen Arnold T. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSynthetic routes to the title compounds were explored. 1,2,5,6‐Tetraacetylperhydro‐1,2,5,6‐tetrazocine (6, 36%) was produced from ethylene glycol bis‐p‐toluenesulfonate and the potassium salt of 1,2‐bis(N,N′ ‐diacetylhydrazino)ethane in refluxing mesitylene. Its acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis led to perhydro‐1,2,5,6‐tetrazocine (9), an air‐sensitive, crystalline solid, the first reported unsubstituted tetraazacyclooctane and the first example of an unsubstituted macrocycle incorporating two or more endocyclic hydrazino groups. 1,2‐Bis(hydrazino)ethane (4) and diisobutyl oxalate in refluxing dimethylformamide gave 1,4‐diamino‐2,3‐diketopiperazine (11) rather than 3,4‐diketoperhydro‐1,2,5,6‐tetrazoeine (12). The acid‐catalyzed reaction of benzil with 4 gave 3,4,7,8‐tetraaza‐1,2,9,10‐tetraphenyl‐2,8‐dccadien‐1,10‐dione (20).
A simple synthesis of thieno[2,3‐b]pyrazine and thieno[2,3‐b] pyridine
Authors: Schneller S. W. , Clough F. W. , Hardee L. E. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA facile synthesis of thieno[2,3‐b]pyrazine (1) and thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine (9) is reported. Furthermore, convenient preparations of a variety of synthetically useful compounds derived from these ring systems is also presented.
Hétérocyclisation intramoléculaire par réaction d'oxymercuration. II. Oxymercuration intramolécuxlaire des allyl‐2 cyclohexanols cis et trans
Authors: Spéziale V. , Amat Mlle M. , Lattes A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstractl'hétérocyclisation par addition‐cyclisation de sels mercuriques aux deux allyl‐2 cyclohexanols est toujours régiospecifique et conduit aux hétérocycles mercurés à cinq chuînons, rnais elle n'est pas stéréosélective. La réduction des organomercuriques obtenus à partir du trans allyl‐2 cyclohexanol, conduit parfois à des réarrangements de cycle, ce qui permet dans le cas du produit cyclisé à jonction trans, d'obtenir, suivant les conditions, des composés pyranniques ou furanniques.
Formyl substituted phenazine 5,10‐dioxides
Authors: Edwards M. L. , Bambury R. E. , Kim H. K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTwo new formyl‐substituted phenazine 5,10‐dioxides were prepared, 2‐formylphenazine 5,10‐dioxide and 7‐hydroxy‐2‐phenazinecarboxaldehyde 5,10‐dioxide. Nitrones of these aldehydes were prepared as potential antibacterial agents but evaluation in vitro and in vivo did not disclose significant antibacterial activity.
7‐(N,N‐trimethyl)‐5‐methoxytryptamine
Authors: Benington F. , Morin R. D. , Bradley R. J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSynthesis of 7‐(N,N′‐trimethyl)‐5‐methoxytryptamine from 2,5‐dimethylpyrone via 4‐methoxy‐2,6‐dimelhylnitrobenzene and 5‐melhoxy‐7‐methylindole is described.
Transposition de neber en série tétrahydropyrannone
Authors: Crouiller Annie , Pacheco Henri 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLa transposition de Neber appliquée aux tosylates des oximes des tétrahydropyrannones‐4 et ‐3 conduit respectivement aux α amino‐acétals 5 et 20: l'amino‐3 diéthoxy‐4,4 et l'amino‐2 diétboxy‐3,3 tétrahydropyrannes. L'hydrolyse du premier donne la pyrazine 6, celle du second l'amino‐cétone 21. D'autre part, l'amino‐acétal 5 permet d'accéder à l'iodure d'acétoxy‐4 triméthylammonio‐3 tétrahydropyranne (12) de conformation préférentielle cis axiale pour le groupement acétoxy et équatoriale pour le groupement triméthylammonio. Le tosylate de l'oxime de la tétrahydropyrannone‐3 peut aussi subir facilement la transposition de Beckmann en lactame 18 dont l'ouverture conduit à l'acide (amino‐3 propoxy) acétique (19).
The reactions of bisamides with oxalyl chloride
Authors: Hanafin J. , Ben‐Ishai D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlkylidenebisamides and alkylidenebiscarbamates were found to react with oxalyl chloride to give oxazolidinediones (2), a diazepinedione (3) or fragmentation products depending on the nature of the substituents (R' in formula 1).
Single crystal X‐ray structure determinations of the reaction products of cis‐ and trans‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydrides and methylhydrazine
Authors: Loghry R. A. , Kasina S. , Simonsen S. H. , Nematollahi Jay 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe structures of two of the three isomeric products of the reactions between cis‐ and trans‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydrides and methylhydrazine were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray methods to ascertain their tautomeric forms and stereochemistries. One product was found to be cis‐N‐methylamino‐1,2‐cyclohexanedicarboximide and the other trans‐hexahydro‐2‐methylcyclohexa[d]pyridazine‐1,2‐dione.
Synthesis of 5,6‐Dimethylbenz[a]phenazine
Authors: Cromwell N. H. , Desai H. S. , Pokorny D. J. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract5,6‐Dimethylbenz[a]phenazine (4), an aza analogue of the carcinogenic 5,6‐dimethylbenz‐[c]acridine has been obtained by a 1,1‐dehydration‐rearrangement (Wagner‐Meerwin type) from 5,5‐dimethyl‐6‐hydroxy‐5,6‐dihydrobenz[a]phenazine (3). The alcohol 3 was obtained from the hydrogenation of the corresponding ketone 2 which was prepared in two ways: Method A, the oxidation of 5,5‐dimethyl‐5,6‐dihydrobenz[a]phenazine (1); Method B, the hydrolysis of the 6,6‐dibromo derivative 5 of 1.
β‐(5‐Pyrimidinyl)ethanolamines
Authors: Schwan Thomas J. , Miles Nelson J. , Butterfield James L. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract2,4‐Diphenyl‐5‐pyrimidinyl methyl ketone (8) and 2‐phenyl‐4‐methyl‐5‐pyrimidinyl phenyl ketone (12) were prepared by condensation of benzamidine with 2‐ethoxymethyl‐1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione (10). Their structures were elucidated by the nmr spectra of their derivative alcohols 13 and 14, respectively. The ketone 8 was converted by way of the bromoketone 15 to 2‐[1‐methylethylamino]‐1‐[2,4‐diphenyl‐5‐pyrimidinyl]ethanol hydrochloride (17) and 2‐amino‐1‐[2,4‐diphenyl‐5‐pyrimidinyl]ethanol hydrochloride (20). Pharmacologic testing indicated that 17 and 20 did not possess either antihypertensive or beta adrenergic blocking activities.
Reaction of α‐keto hydrazonyl bromide with carbanions of some active methylene compounds
Authors: Shawali A. Sami , Abdelhamid A. Osman 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTreatment of 1‐phenyl‐2‐bromo‐2‐arylhydrazonoethanone (VII) with sodium etiolates of 2,4‐pentanedione, 1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione, dibenzoylmethane, ethyl benzoylacetate, acetoaceta‐nilide, and of benzoylacetanilide in ethanol afforded the substituted pyrazoles, VIII‐XIII, respectively. The results show that VII, unlike 1‐phenyl‐2‐bromo‐2‐hydroximinoethanone (V), is not easily deprotonated by carbanions; and that its reactions with β‐diketones, β‐keto esters, and β‐keto amides follow one and the same mechanism. The structures of the products (VIII‐XIII) were inferred from their elemental analyses and spectral data.
A study of the catalytic reductive products of 2,3‐dihydro‐6‐methoxy‐3‐(6‐nitroveratrylidene)‐4H‐benzopyran‐4‐one. Part II
Authors: Wright George C. , Schwan Thomas J. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAlthough the previously reported (1,2) chemical reduction of 2,3‐dihydro‐3‐(6‐nitroveratry‐lidene)‐4H‐benzopyran‐4‐one with stannous chloride occurred with cyclization to the 6H‐[1]‐benzopyrano [4,3‐b]quinoline ring system, the present study of the catalytic (palladium/carbon) reduction of 2,3‐dihydro‐6‐methoxy‐3‐(6‐nitroveratrylidene)‐4H‐benzopyran‐4‐one (1) (3) has indicated that other products in addition to the expected benzopyranoquinoline (3) may be isolated, depending upon the conditions of the reduction. The products of the reduction of 1, isolated and structurally determined, include 2,9,10‐trimethoxy‐6H‐[1]benzopyrano‐[4,3‐b]quinoline(3),2,9,10‐trimethoxy‐6a,7,12,12a‐tetrahydro‐6H‐[1]benzopyrano[4,3‐b]‐quinoline (2), the N‐oxide of 3 (6), and 6‐hydroxy‐2,9,10‐trimethoxy‐6H‐[l]benzopyrano‐[4,3‐b Jquinoline (8).
The insertion and extrusion of heterosulfur bridges. III. A useful chemical‐chromatographic separation procedure
Authors: Klemm L. H. , Hsin Wilson 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA method is described for the isolation of pure phenanthro[4,5‐bcd] thiophene (4) from a sulfur‐bridging reaction mixture, also containing phenanthrene (3) and elemental sulfur, by selective oxidation of 4 to the sulfoxide (5) by means of iodobenzene dichloride, chromato‐graphic separation of 5 on silica gel, and finally reduction of 5 back to 4 by means of sodium bis(methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride in 25% overall yield from 3.
Mass spectral fragmentation pattern of 2,2′‐bipyridyls Part IV. Di‐2‐pyridly ketone
Authors: Keats N. G. , Summers L. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe fragmentation of di‐2‐pyridyl ketone on electron impact involves elimination of neutral CO from the molecular ion and rearrangement to the 2,2′‐l>ipyridyl molecular ion in addition to rupture of the central bonds to form C5H4N+ and C6H4NO+ ions.
Isothiazoles VIII: Isothiazolidin‐3‐one derivatives
Authors: Weiler E. D. , Miller G. A. , Hausman M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractUseful procedures for preparing novel 4‐methyl‐4,5,5‐trichloroisothiazolidin‐3‐ones and 4,4,5,5‐tetrachloroisothiazolidin‐3‐ones are reported.
Reaction of γ‐picoline N‐oxide with ketenimines in the presence of organic acids: Preparation of α‐acyloxyamides
Authors: Barker Marvin W. , Sung Hsiu‐Sun 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA synthesis of a‐acyloxyamides is described which utilizes the reaction of 7‐picoline N‐oxide and various organic acids with diphenylketene N‐p‐tolylimine.
The carbocyclic analog of cytidine, synthesis and antineoplastic activity
Authors: Shealy Y. Fulmer , O'Dell C. Allen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe carbocyclic analog (VI) of cytidine was prepared from the carbocyclic analog (I) of uridine. The intermediate stages were a tetrabenzoyl derivative of I, the tribenzoyl derivative of the uridine analog, and the tribenzoyl 4‐chloropyrimidinone obtained from the latter derivative. The cytidine analog (VI) is active against KB cells in culture and against L1210 leukemia in mice. In the initial tests against L1210 leukemia, the highest dose (200 mg./kg./day, q.d. 1‐9), of three active doses, increased lifespan by 82% and showed no evidence of toxicity.
Infrared consequence spectroscopy of gaseous protonated and metal ion cationized complexes
Authors: Fridgen Travis D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this article, the new and exciting techniques of infrared consequence spectroscopy (sometimes called action spectroscopy) of gaseous ions are reviewed. These techniques include vibrational predissociation spectroscopy and infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy and they typically complement one another in the systems studied and the information gained. In recent years infrared consequence spectroscopy has provided long‐awaited direct evidence into the structures of gaseous ions from organometallic species to strong ionic hydrogen bonded structures to large biomolecules. Much is being learned with respect to the structures of ions without their stabilizing solvent which can be used to better understand the effect of solvent on their structures. This review mainly covers the topics with which the author has been directly involved in research: structures of proton‐bound dimers, protonated amino acids and DNA bases, amino acid and DNA bases bound to metal ions and, more recently, solvated ionic complexes. It is hoped that this review reveals the impact that infrared consequence spectroscopy has had on the field of gaseous ion chemistry. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:586–607, 2009