bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in invasive alien species listing
Authors: McGeoch Melodie A. , Spear Dian , Kleynhans Elizabeth J. , Marais Elrike 
Published: November 2011

Lists of invasive alien species (IAS) are essential for preventing, controlling, and reporting on the state of biological invasions. However, these lists suffer from a range of errors, with serious consequences for their use in science, policy, and management. Here we (1) collated and classified errors in IAS listing using a taxonomy of uncertainty; and (2) estimated the size of these errors using data from a completed listing exercise, with the purpose of better understanding, communicating, and dealing with them. Ten errors were identified. Most result from a lack of knowledge or measurement error (epistemic uncertainty), although two were a result of context dependence and vagueness (linguistic uncertainty). Estimates of the size of the effects of these errors were substantial in a number of cases and unknown in others. Most errors, and those with the largest estimated effect, result in underestimates of IAS numbers. However, there are a number of errors where the size and direction of the effect remains poorly understood.The effect of differences in opinion between specialists is potentially large, particularly for data‐poor taxa and regions, and does not have a clearly directional or consistent effect on the size and composition of IAS lists. Five tactics emerged as important for reducing uncertainty in IAS lists, and while uncertainty will never be removed entirely, these approaches will significantly improve the transparency, repeatability, and comparability of IAS lists. Understanding the errors and uncertainties that occur during the process of listing invasive species, as well as the potential size and nature of their effects on IAS lists, is key to improving the value of these lists for governments, management agencies, and conservationists. Such understanding is increasingly important given positive trends in biological invasion and the associated risks to biodiversity and biosecurity.
Effect of sequential hole enlargement on cortical bone temperature during drilling of 6.2-mm-diameter transcortical holes in the third metacarpal bones of horse cadavers
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , Frank Elizabeth A. , Zacharias Joshua R. , Daggy Joanne K. , Moore George E. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Objective—To compare the bone temperature and final hole dimensions associated with sequential overdrilling (SO) and single 6.2-mm drill bit (S6.2DB) methods used to create transcortical holes in the third metacarpal bones (MCIIIs) of horse cadavers.
Sample—60 MCIIIs from 30 horse cadavers.
Procedures—In phase 1, hole diameter, tap insertion torque, peak bone temperature, and postdrilling bit temperature for 6.2-mm-diameter holes drilled in the lateral or medial cortical region of 12 MCIIIs via each of three 2-bit SO methods with a single pilot hole (diameter, 3.2, 4.5, or 5.5 mm) and the S6.2DB method were compared. In phase 2, 6.2-mm-diameter transcortical holes were drilled via a 2-bit SO method (selected from phase 1), a 4-bit SO method, or a S6.2DB method at 1 of 3 locations in 48 MCIIIs; peak bone temperature during drilling, drill bit temperature immediately following drilling, and total drilling time were recorded for comparison.
Results—Hole diameter or tap insertion torque did not differ among phase 1 groups. Mean ± SD maximum bone temperature increases at the cis and trans cortices were significantly less for the 4-bit SO method (3.64 ± 2.01°C and 8.58 ± 3.82°C, respectively), compared with the S6.2DB method (12.00 ± 7.07°C and 13.19 ± 7.41°C, respectively). Mean drilling time was significantly longer (142.9 ± 37.8 seconds) for the 4-bit SO method, compared with the S6.2DB method (49.7 ± 24.3 seconds).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with a S6.2DB method, use of a 4-bit SO method to drill transcortical holes in cadaveric equine MCIIIs resulted in smaller bone temperature increases without affecting hole accuracy.
Specification and prediction of nickel mobilization using artificial intelligence methods
Authors: Gholami Raoof , Ziaii Mansour , Ardejani Faramarz , Maleki Shahoo 
Published: November 2011

AbstractGroundwater and soil pollution from pyrite oxidation, acid mine drainage generation, and release and transport of toxic metals are common environmental problems associated with the mining industry. Nickel is one toxic metal considered to be a key pollutant in some mining setting; to date, its formation mechanism has not yet been fully evaluated. The goals of this study are 1) to describe the process of nickel mobilization in waste dumps by introducing a novel conceptual model, and 2) to predict nickel concentration using two algorithms, namely the support vector machine (SVM) and the general regression neural network (GRNN). The results obtained from this study have shown that considerable amount of nickel concentration can be arrived into the water flow system during the oxidation of pyrite and subsequent Acid Drainage (AMD) generation. It was concluded that pyrite, water, and oxygen are the most important factors for nickel pollution generation while pH condition, SO4, HCO3, TDS, EC, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Cu are measured quantities playing significant role in nickel mobilization. SVM and GRNN have predicted nickel concentration with a high degree of accuracy. Hence, SVM and GRNN can be considered as appropriate tools for environmental risk assessment.
Flappers and Foxtrotters: Soviet Youth in the “Roaring Twenties”
Authors: Gorsuch Anne E. 
Published: November 2011

With the introduction of the New Economic Policy in March 1921, cities such as Moscow and Leningrad appeared to change overnight. Expensive food and clothing stores, flashy nightclubs, gambling casinos, and other manifestations of the changing economic climate resurfaced for the first time since the war. William Reswick, a Russian who had emigrated to the United States before the revolution and returned as a journalist during the Civil War, wrote that as he made the rounds of Moscow, he was astonished by the great change that the NEP, a comparatively free economy, had wrought in a matter of nine months or so. "It was a change from a state verging on coma to a life of cheer and rapidly growing vigor. " The New York Times Moscow correspondent Waiter Duranty also marveled at the changes.
Not Dialectical Enough:
Authors: Feldman Karen S. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTWith respect to Benjamin’s treatments of the work of art and his historiographical method, Adorno accuses Benjamin of not being dialectical enough and of inadequate theorizing. This article argues that Adorno’s blanket prescription for more dialectics covers over a chiastic relationship between his particular concern in each case. On one hand, Adorno worries that Benjamin gives over the artwork to ideological narratives. On the other hand, Adorno is concerned that Benjamin’s historical materialism refuses historical narrative, which is precisely where Benjamin locates ideology. Indeed the disruptive potential that Adorno grants the artwork with respect to social and political ideology thus corresponds to the disruptive potential that Benjamin ascribes to his historical materialism with respect to historicist ideology. In this context the article considers the nature of autonomy for Benjamin and Adorno and its relationship to subversion, disruption, and redemption.
Electric‐Field‐Assisted Charge Generation and Separation Process in Transition Metal Oxide‐Based Interconnectors for Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yang Jin‐Peng , Xiao Yan , Deng Yan‐Hong , Duhm Steffen , Ueno Nobuo , Lee Shuit‐Tong , Li Yan‐Qing , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe charge generation and separation process in transition metal oxide (TMO)‐based interconnectors for tandem organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is explored using data on electrical and spectral emission properties, interface energetics, and capacitance characteristics. The TMO‐based interconnector is composed of MoO3 and cesium azide (CsN3)‐doped 4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BPhen) layers, where CsN3 is employed to replace the reactive metals as an n‐dopant due to its air stability and low deposition temperature. Experimental evidences identify that spontaneous electron transfer occurs in a vacuum‐deposited MoO3 layer from various defect states to the conduction band via thermal diffusion. The external electric‐field induces the charge separation through tunneling of generated electrons and holes from MoO3 into the neighboring CsN3‐doped BPhen and hole‐transporting layers, respectively. Moreover, the impacts of constituent materials on the functional effectiveness of TMO‐based interconnectors and their influences on carrier recombination processes for light emission have also been addressed.
ORDER FLOW AND EXCHANGE RATE DYNAMICS: AN APPLICATION TO EMERGING MARKETS
Authors: Duffuor Kwabena , Marsh Ian W. , Phylaktis Kate 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe paper examines short‐run exchange rate dynamics in an emerging market based on the recent microstructure framework of foreign exchange markets where the main explanatory variable is the order flow of end‐user customers. The study makes two main contributions to the literature: it modifies the basic microstructural FX model to take account of key features of the majority of emerging markets, namely the existence of a black market for FX and the presence of market inefficiencies; and it uses a unique database covering almost the complete Ghanaian market, and for a long time span compared with previous studies. We find that the unexpected component of order flow has a positive and long‐lived effect on the official exchange rate in both stable and crisis periods, consistent with the basic microstructural approach. The price impact of unexpected order flow is related to the level of liquidity in the market. Expected order flow also impacts the exchange rate, suggesting inefficiencies in the market. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigations Into Chain‐Length‐Dependent Termination in Bulk Radical Polymerization of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H‐Tridecafluorooctyl Methacrylate
Authors: Barth Johannes , Siegmann Rebekka , Beuermann Sabine , Russell Gregory T. , Buback Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe SP‐PLP‐EPR technique is used to carry out a detailed investigation of the radical termination kinetics of 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H‐tridecafluorooctyl methacrylate (TDFOMA) in bulk at relatively low conversion. Composite‐model behavior for chain‐length‐dependent termination rate coefficients, kti,i, is observed. It is found that for TDFOMA, ic ≈ 60 independent of temperature, and αs ≈ 0.65 and αl ≈ 0.2 at 80 °C and above. However, at lower temperatures the situation is strikingly different, with the significantly higher average values of αs = 0.89 ± 0.15 and αl = 0.32 ± 0.10 being obtained at 50 °C and below. This makes TDFOMA the first monomer to be found that exhibits clearly different exponent values, αs and αl, at lower and higher temperature, and that has both a high αs, like an acrylate, and a high ic, like a methacrylate.
Fluorescence quenching in porous silicon/conjugated polymer composites
Authors: Pranculis Vytenis , Karpicz Renata , Medvids Arturs , Gulbinas Vidmantas 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMEH‐PPV and m‐LPPP polymers were spin‐coated onto porous silicon (PS). Quenching of the polymer and PS fluorescence has been investigated by means of time‐resolved and steady state fluorescence spectroscopy. Decay kinetics of the PS fluorescence in the blue spectral region attributed to the oxidized silicon surface reveals its quenching by the polymer film. No clear evidence of the opposite process, quenching of the polymer fluorescence by PS has been obtained.
In vivo evaluation in cynomolgus monkey brain and metabolism of [18F]fluorodeprenyl: A new MAO‐B pet radioligand
Authors: Nag Sangram , Varrone Andrea , TÓth MiklÓs , Thiele Andrea , Kettschau Georg , Heinrich Tobias , Lehmann Lutz , Halldin Christer 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the in vivo characteristics of a new monoamine oxidase type B (MAO‐B) radioligand, [18F]fluorodeprenyl, by positron emission tomography (PET) in two cynomolgus monkeys. The brain uptake of [18F]fluorodeprenyl was more than 7% (600% SUV) of the total injected radioactivity and similar to that of [11C]deprenyl, an established MAO‐B radioligand. The highest uptake was observed in the striatum, one of the MAO‐B‐rich regions, with a peak at approximately 2–3 min after injection, followed by lower uptake in the thalamus and the cortex and lowest uptake in the cerebellum. Brain uptake of [18F]fluorodeprenyl was largely inhibited by preadministration of the MAO‐B inhibitor, L‐deprenyl, whereas clorgyline, a MAO Type A blocker, had no significant inhibitory effect, thus demonstrating selectivity for MAO‐B. [18F]Fluorodeprenyl showed relatively slow metabolism with the presence of two radiometabolite peaks with similar retention time as the labeled metabolites of [11C]deprenyl. These results suggest that [18F]fluorodeprenyl is a potential PET radioligand for visualization of MAO‐B activity. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antler Cheekpieces of the British Late Bronze Age
Authors: Britnell William J. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA group of antler cheekpieces are described and illustrated which provide a small but significant contribution to the evidence of horsemanship in the later Bronze Age in the British Isles. Although independent dating evidence is meagre, they form a coherent stylistic and functional type which has parallels in the late Urnfield period in Central Europe. An attempt is made to reconstruct other elements of the bridle, and they are compared with a number of bronze cheekpieces which show some affinity.
The Dating of the Lady Chapel in York Minster
Authors: French T. W. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAn attempt to justify the traditional dating of the lady chapel at York Minster by a study of the carved stone heraldic shields in the spandrels of the main arcades. The heads carved above the shields are accepted as being, for the main part, attempted portraits of the owners of the respective arms, and are identified where possible to see if their physiognomy fits the accepted date. A brief summary is given of the later stages in the completion of the lady chapel and its relationship to the construction of the western choir.
A Late Seventeenth-Century Plan of York
Authors: Butler R. M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA manuscript plan of York, preserved in the city library, was made by Captain James Archer. A similar plan at Stafford, illustrating reports on York's defences by Sir Christopher Musgrave, is signed by Jacob Richards. The relationship between these plans is examined. Archer's career is traced from the State Papers and other sources, showing that he served the Duke of Ormond, made surveys in the Channel Isles, worked on Kinsale fort, and died in c. 1680. It is suggested that the plan at York was drawn in c. 1673, used by Musgrave in 1682, and copied by Richards in 1685.
The Position of the Altar in Early Anglo-Saxon Churches
Authors: Taylor H. M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA survey of the structural and contemporary literary evidence for the position of the altar in Anglo-Saxon churches before the Viking invasions of the ninth century indicates that it was not at the east end of the church but in a more central position. This was sometimes near the east end of the nave and sometimes in the eastern compartment. As an indication of how this practice may have arisen in England, references are given to evidence for similar treatment of the altar in Continental and North African churches at somewhat earlier dates.
The Medieval Borough of Torksey: Excavations 1963-8
Authors: Barley M. W. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryFurther excavation at Torksey established that the borough was an open settlement; a medieval ditch merely separated the village closes from the common. One such close contained three more pottery kilns. Two kilns were found immediately south of the village, bringing the total to seven. The pottery industry seems to have started by the middle of the ninth century and lasted through much of the twelfth; it may have been or become subordinate to that of Lincoln.
Some Ancient Silk from the Crimea in the British Museum
Authors: Granger Taylor Hero , Wild John Peter 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA textile fragment from the Crimea acquired by the British Museum in 1848 is identified as a Han Chinese monochrome figured silk. Pieces of the same cloth are also in the Hermitage, Leningrad. The context of the find and the associated grave furniture are re-examined and a production date for the silk within the first century B.C. or early first century A.D. is proposed.
A Lost Cycle of Canterbury Paintings of 1220
Authors: Caviness Madeline Harrison 
Published: November 2011

SummaryMid nineteenth-century sketches of paintings then in the vaults of the Trinity Chapel ambulatory of Canterbury Cathedral are published for the first time. They provide an opportunity to discuss the iconographic programme and style of the lost paintings. Kings of England and local saints were among those represented in commemoration of the translation of the relics of Becket to the Trinity Chapel in July 1220. The date of 1220 which seems to be given in an inscription is confirmed by comparison with a Canterbury Psalter of before 1220, and sculptures at Wells.
The Importance of the Ashmolean Roll of Arms for the Study of Medieval Blazon
Authors: Barstow Allen M. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryIn the fourteenth century coats of arms become increasingly complex, thus rendering more difficult the task of expressing concisely and clearly the relationships between the elements in a blazon. The author of the Ashmolean Roll (compiled c. 1334) is a professional herald. Faithful to traditional conventions, he is nevertheless innovative in his effort to respond to the need for greater clarity by expansion and adaptation of the linguistic structures of his trade. The well-known Parliamentary Roll is shown to be less reliable than the unpublished Ashmolean Roll as an indicator of trends in early fourteenth-century blazon.
Sarsen Stones in Wessex: The Society's First Investigations in the Evolution of the Landscape Project
Authors: Bowen H. C. , Smith I. F. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThis paper describes the survey of sarsen stones (grey-wether sandstones) in the Wessex counties of Dorset, Hampshire, and Wiltshire. This was conducted as a pilot exercise in the resolution of basic landscape problems through fresh investigation on the ground by a relatively large number of people in a restricted time. It sought to settle the following questions: how extensive was the surface sprawl of sarsen boulders and how, from Neolithic times, were sarsens dealt with either as an impediment or as a mineral resource? A small test excavation to see whether and how superincumbent sarsens affected the bedrock is briefly described. The massive collection of data is now kept as an archive in the Society's library at Burlington House and Xerox copies of summary lists based on this archive are available on request from the Assistant Secretary.
Excavations at Owslebury, Hants: A Second Interim Report
Authors: Collis J. R. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe results of the 1968–9 seasons of excavations at Bottom Pond Farm, Owslebury (SU 525 246) are described, especially the layout of the pre-Roman settlement. Problems of the siting of the settlement, the land usage and the function of storage pits are discussed, and two inscribed bronze rings and an embossed bronze plaque are described in detail.
Excavations at Winchester, 1969: Eighth interim report
Authors: Biddle Martin 
Published: November 2011

SummaryFive sites were excavated in 1969. At Castle Yard the pre-Roman and Roman defences were examined and a large salient discovered at the south-west corner of the Roman walled town. A Saxon street and its buildings lying within this salient were found buried below the castle earthworks of 1067, and the early development of the castle was investigated. At Lankhills sixty fourth-century graves were excavated, four producing evidence of an alien military element in the late Roman town. Further evidence of this alien element was found at the Cathedral Green, and together with earlier discoveries, suggests the presence of a Germanic garrison. The excavation of the Old Minster was completed by the examination of the east end of the seventh-century church, and by the discovery of a west-work of continental type consecrated in 980. At Lower Brook Street four houses and other structures of the mid twelfth to mid thirteenth century were excavated, one property being devoted entirely to cloth finishing with a rack-ground and dye-house. Three phases of St. Mary's Church were examined and the latest stage of St. Pancras' Church uncovered. At Wolvesey Palace the west hall can be dated to c. 1110. The lead-piped water-supply of the palace was investigated, its first stage belonging to the early twelfth century. Excavation continues.
Pagan Saxon Whetstones
Authors: Evison Vera I. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAn important petrographical study of Anglo-Saxon and medieval honestones has been made recently by Mr. S. E. Ellis (British Museum, Natural History), and the object of this paper is to identify the hones of the pagan period mentioned therein, and to provide illustrations of them as well as comments on their archaeological contexts. Most of the stones used as hones were picked up locally, but there is a possibility of the export of Kentish Rag from Kent and greywackés from southern Scotland. Ritual is evident in connection with a few of the hones.
Glass-paintings after Heemskerck in England
Authors: Cole William 
Published: November 2011

SummaryInnumerable panels of Flemish glass of the late sixteenth/early seventeenth centuries survive in England and on the Continent. This paper describes and catalogues over seventy glass-paintings, deriving from the Mannerist-influenced religious paintings of the Netherlandish artist Marten van Heemskerck (1498–1573), found in parish churches and secular buildings in this country. Thomas Kerrich, F.S.A., compiled an incomplete catalogue of the engravings of Heemskerck's work from which the glass-paintings were copied. Published posthumously in 1829, it now forms part of the list of glass-paintings in this paper.
A Hundred Years of Mycenaean Archaeology
Authors: Iakovidis Sp. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryA survey of progress in Mycenaean archaeology during the century since Schliemann's address to the Society on 22 March 1877 shows that we now have a coherent picture of material culture and historical events in Late Bronze Age Greece between 1500 and 1100 B.C. Having outstripped Schliemann's faith in Homer and Arthur Evans's hypothesis of a Minoan conquest from Crete, Mycenaean archaeology can now be traced back to the Middle Bronze Age before the introduction of the shaft graves, when the Achaeans had already made contact by sea with Egypt and other advanced centres in the East Mediterranean. The volcanic eruption of c. 1500 B.C, which left the mainland unscathed, enabled them to expand their influence and power to Crete and throughout the Aegean so that by the thirteenth century Mycenaean culture was ubiquitous, though political and territorial divisions remained. Finds of Linear B tablets enable us to form a distinct picture of the political, social, and economic life of the period. The close relationships between Helladic and Minoan art and religion have been systematically studied, while the Homeric poems may describe only one episode, the siege of Troy, in a series of attempts by the Achaeans to establish themselves on the coast of Asia Minor during the temporary collapse of Hittite power. By the end of the thirteenth century Mycenaean centres were being abandoned and destroyed, partly because of the breakdown of their trading links in the East Mediterranean with centres overrun by the Land-and-Sea Peoples, and the civilization as a whole had collapsed.