bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhino‐sinus involvement in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Arens Raanan , Sin Sanghun , Willen Seth , Bent John , Parikh Sanjay R. , Freeman Katherine , Wootton David M. , McDonough Joseph M. , Shifteh Keivan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectiveObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is commonly associated with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. We hypothesized that respiratory perturbations extend to other regions of the upper respiratory tract in such children, particularly to rhino‐sinus regions.Study DesignA prospective case control study using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the upper airway and surrounding tissues of OSAS and controls. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate radiographic changes within the: paranasal sinuses, middle ear and mastoid air cells, and the nasal passages.ResultsWe studied 54 OSAS (age 5.7 ± 3.0 years) and 54 controls (age 6.2 ± 2.0 years, P = NS). Children with OSAS had significantly more opacification of: maxillary sinuses (P < 0.05), sphenoid sinuses (P < 0.01), and mastoid air cells (P < 0.01). They also had significantly more: middle ear effusions, (P < 0.001), prominence of inferior nasal turbinate(s) (P < 0.05), and deviation of the nasal septum (P < 0.05).ConclusionsChildhood OSAS is associated with a wide range of upper respiratory tract perturbations and is not limited to adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:993–998. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current options in the treatment of menopausal symptoms
Authors: Currie Heather , Cochrane Rosemary 
Published: July 2010

AbstractHormone replacement therapy remains the mainstay of menopausal symptom treatment despite continued debate over the risks and benefits. Our Drug review considers the properties and adverse events of the current treatment options, followed by sources of further information and an analysis of prescription data. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Dronedarone (Multaq): a new option in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Camm John , Savelieva Irina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDronedarone (Multaq) is a new antiarrhythmic drug licensed for use in patients with nonpermanent AF. Professor John Camm and Dr Irina Savelieva highlight the results of clinical trials relating to its efficacy and adverse effects and consider its place in the treatment of AF. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Introduction of lipidization–cationization motifs affords systemically bioavailable neuropeptide Y and neurotensin analogs with anticonvulsant activities
Authors: Green Brad R. , White Karen L. , McDougle Daniel R. , Zhang Liuyin , Klein Brian , Scholl Erika A. , Pruess Timothy H. , White H. Steve , Bulaj Grzegorz 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe neuropeptides galanin (GAL), neuropeptide Y (NPY) or neurotensin (NT) exhibit anticonvulsant activities mediated by their respective receptors in the brain. To transform these peptides into potential neurotherapeutics, their systemic bioavailability and metabolic stability must be improved. Our recent studies with GAL analogs suggested that an introduction of lipoamino acids in the context of oligo‐Lys residues (lipidization–cationization motif) significantly increases their penetration into the brain, yielding potent antiepileptic compounds. Here, we describe an extension of this strategy to NPY and NT. Rationally designed analogs of NPY and NT containing the lipidization–cationization motif were chemically synthesized and their physicochemical and pharmacological properties were characterized. The analogs NPY‐BBB2 and NT‐BBB1 exhibited increased serum stability, possessed log D > 1.1, retained high affinities toward their native receptors and produced potent antiseizure activities in animal models of epilepsy following intraperitoneal administration. Our results suggest that the combination of lipidization and cationization may be an effective strategy for improving systemic bioavailability and metabolic stability of various neuroactive peptides. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The conformational properties of dehydrobutyrine and dehydrovaline: theoretical and solid‐state conformational studies
Authors: Siodłak Dawid , Grondys Justyna , Lis Tadeusz , Bujak Maciej , Broda Małgorzata A. , Rzeszotarska Barbara 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDehydrobutyrine is the most naturally occurring dehydroamino acid. It is also the simplest dehydroamino acid having the geometrical isomers E/Z. To investigate its conformational properties, a theoretical analysis was performed on N‐acetyl‐α,β‐dehydrobutyrine N′‐methylamides, Ac‐(E)‐ΔAbu‐NHMe and Ac‐(Z)‐ΔAbu‐NHMe, as well as the dehydrovaline derivative Ac‐ΔVal‐NHMe. The ϕ, ψ potential energy surfaces and the localised conformers were calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311 + + G(d,p) level of theory both in vacuo and with inclusion of the solvent (chloroform, water) effect (SCRF method). The X‐ray crystal structures of Ac‐(Z)‐ΔAbu‐NHMe and Ac‐ΔVal‐NHMe were determined at 85 and 100 K, respectively. The solid‐state conformational preferences for the studied residues have been analysed and compared with the other related structures. Despite the limitations imposed by the Cα = Cβ double bond on the topography of the side chains, the main chains of the studied dehydroamino acids are more flexible than in standard alanine. The studied dehydroamino acids differ in their conformational preferences, which depend on the polarity of the environment. This might be a reason why the nature quite precisely differentiates between ΔVal and each of the ΔAbu isomers, and why, particularly so with the latter, they are used as a conformational tool to influence the biological action of usually small, cyclic dehydropeptides. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modifications on amphiphilicity and cationicity of unnatural amino acid containing peptides for the improvement of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Taira Junichi , Kida Yutaka , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Kuwano Koichi , Higashimoto Yuichiro , Kodama Hiroaki 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe widespread natural sources‐derived cationic peptides have been reported to reveal bacterial killing and/or growth‐inhibiting properties. Correspondingly, a number of artificial peptides have been designed to understand antibacterial mechanism of the cationic peptides. These peptides are expected to be an alternative antibiotic against drug‐resistant pathogenic bacteria because major antimicrobial mechanism of cationic peptides involves bacterial membrane disorder, although those availabilities have not been well evaluated. In this study, cationic peptides containing Aib were prepared to evaluate the availability as an antimicrobial agent, especially against representative pathogenic bacteria. Among them, BRBA20, consisting of five repeated Aib‐Arg‐Aib‐Ala sequences, showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, including methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, growth of Serratia marcescens and multidrug‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, known as proteases‐secreting pathogenic bacteria, were also completely inhibited by BRBA20 under 20 µg/ml peptide concentrations. Our results suggested availabilities of Aib‐derived amphiphilicity and protease resistance in the design of artificial antimicrobial peptides. Comparing BRBA20 with BKBA20, it was also concluded that Arg residue is the preferred cationic source than Lys for antimicrobial action of amphiphilic helices. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A β‐amino acid modified heptapeptide containing a designed recognition element disrupts fibrillization of the amyloid β‐peptide
Authors: Castelletto Valeria , Hamley Ian W. , Lim Teck , De Tullio Matias B. , Castaño Eduardo M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe study the complex formation of a peptide βAβAKLVFF, previously developed by our group, with Aβ(1–42) in aqueous solution. Circular dichroism spectroscopy is used to probe the interactions between βAβAKLVFF and Aβ(1–42), and to study the secondary structure of the species in solution. Thioflavin T fluorescence spectroscopy shows that the population of fibers is higher in βAβAKLVFF/Aβ(1–42) mixtures compared to pure Aβ(1–42) solutions. TEM and cryo‐TEM demonstrate that co‐incubation of βAβAKLVFF with Aβ(1–42) causes the formation of extended dense networks of branched fibrils, very different from the straight fibrils observed for Aβ(1–42) alone. Neurotoxicity assays show that although βAβAKLVFF alters the fibrillization of Aβ(1–42), it does not decrease the neurotoxicity, which suggests that toxic oligomeric Aβ(1–42) species are still present in the βAβAKLVFF/Aβ(1–42) mixtures. Our results show that our designed peptide binds to Aβ(1–42) and changes the amyloid fibril morphology. This is shown to not necessarily translate into reduced toxicity. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precipitates of selenium and tellurium in II–VI nanocrystal‐doped glass probed by Raman scattering
Authors: Azhniuk Yuriy M. , Lopushansky Vasyl V. , Hutych Yuriy I. , Prymak Mykola V. , Gomonnai Alexander V. , Zahn Dietrich R. T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs follows from Raman studies, the formation of cadmium chalcogenide nanocrystals in borosilicate glass under thermal treatment at 625–700 °C can be accompanied by precipitation of elemental Se or Te in the form of molecular Se2 or Te2 clusters or larger aggregations. The clusters are in most cases formed when the thermal treatment temperature and/or duration values are beyond the range most suitable for the formation of the II–VI nanocrystals. Larger aggregations are formed at intense thermal treatment, precipitation of tellurium being achieved much easier than that of selenium.
Unconventional features of the low‐temperature properties of a dimerized quantum mixed‐spin chain
Authors: Solano‐Carrillo E. , Franco R. , Silva‐Valencia J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe study the low‐temperature properties of a mixed$(S,s) = (3/2,1/2)$alternating quantum spin chain with antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic bond alternation and single‐ion anisotropy using spin‐wave theory, density‐matrix renormalization group calculations and exact diagonalization of finite clusters. An instance in this system is the recently synthesized bimetallic chain$^{1} _{\infty } $[LCuIICoII(NCS)2], which shows a novel magnetic behavior, namely, the${\chi} _{M} T$versus$T$curve decreases rapidly at low temperatures after displaying a pseudo‐plateau around a certain intermediate temperature. There are two different mechanisms which could explain this unconventional feature: the zero‐field splitting of the ground state and/or the ferromagnetic nature of the interdimer interactions. We clarify the role of these two kinds of mechanisms in the observed properties of the system by deviating from the otherwise‐expected ferrimagnetic ground state and considering a slight deviation from the decoupled‐dimer limit, namely the description of the system by means of effective spin‐1 ions at each unit cell with residual antiferromagnetic interactions, which is consistent with the antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic bond alternation.
Plasmonic modes of gold nano‐particle arrays on thin gold films
Authors: Hohenau A. , Krenn J. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRegular arrays of metal nanoparticles on metal films have tuneable optical resonances that can be applied for surface enhanced Raman scattering or biosensing. With the aim of developing more surface selective geometries we investigate regular gold nanoparticle arrays on 25 nm thick gold films, which allow to excite asymmetric surface plasmon modes featuring a much better field confinement compared to the symmetric modes used in conventional surface plasmon resonance setups. By optical extinction spectroscopy we identify the plasmonic modes sustained by our structures. Furthermore, the role of thermal treatment of the metal structures is investigated, revealing the role of modifications in the crystalline structure of gold on the optical properties. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved thermoelectric figure of merit of self‐doped Ag8–xGeTe6 compounds with glass‐like thermal conductivity
Authors: Zhu T. J. , Zhang S. N. , Yang S. H. , Zhao X. B. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNonstoichiometric Ag8–xGeTe6 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04) compounds with complex crystal structure are demonstrated to exhibit very low thermal conductivities of <0.28 W/m K, comparable with the calculated theoretical minimum thermal conductivity κmin. Ag deficiency leads to the improved electrical properties and a maximum thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 0.85 has been obtained at 623 K for Ag7.99GeTe6, about 30% increase compared to that of stoichiometric Ag8GeTe6. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Recent developments in gravity‐wave effects in climate models and the global distribution of gravity‐wave momentum flux from observations and models
Authors: Alexander M. J. , Geller M. , McLandress C. , Polavarapu S. , Preusse P. , Sassi F. , Sato K. , Eckermann S. , Ern M. , Hertzog A. , Kawatani Y. , Pulido M. , Shaw T. A. , Sigmond M. , Vincent R. , Watanabe S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRecent observational and theoretical studies of the global properties of small‐scale atmospheric gravity waves have highlighted the global effects of these waves on the circulation from the surface to the middle atmosphere. The effects of gravity waves on the large‐scale circulation have long been treated via parametrizations in both climate and weather‐forecasting applications. In these parametrizations, key parameters describe the global distributions of gravity‐wave momentum flux, wavelengths and frequencies. Until recently, global observations could not define the required parameters because the waves are small in scale and intermittent in occurrence. Recent satellite and other global datasets with improved resolution, along with innovative analysis methods, are now providing constraints for the parametrizations that can improve the treatment of these waves in climate‐prediction models. Research using very‐high‐resolution global models has also recently demonstrated the capability to resolve gravity waves and their circulation effects, and when tested against observations these models show some very realistic properties. Here we review recent studies on gravity‐wave effects in stratosphere‐resolving climate models, recent observations and analysis methods that reveal global patterns in gravity‐wave momentum fluxes and results of very‐high‐resolution model studies, and we outline some future research requirements to improve the treatment of these waves in climate simulations. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society and Crown in the right of Canada
Diatom–diatom interactions: Building potential energy surfaces and effect of intramolecular vibrations
Authors: Carmona‐Novillo Estela , Bartolomei Massimiliano , Pérez‐Ríos Jesús , Campos‐Martínez José , Hernández Marta I. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn optimal procedure for obtaining spherically averaged potentials for the interaction between two linear centrosymmetric molecules (Koide and Kihara, Chem Phys 1974, 5, 34) is extended here for the calculation of the leading anisotropy term of the interaction. It is found that by computing the potential just at nine specific relative orientations of the monomers, the main anisotropy term of the spherical harmonic expansion can be calculated exactly provided that the expansion does not involve more than the first 14 terms. The approach also serves to investigate, in an affordable manner, the dependence of the interaction potential on the intramolecular degrees of freedom, and, in this way, to go beyond the commonly used rigid rotor approximation. Application has been performed for the [O2(3Σ)]2dimer by means of high‐level ab initio calculations (RCCSD(T) method), and results are compared with a previous accurate rigid rotor potential energy surface. It is found that both the present isotropic and main anisotropy terms are very reliable and that the effect of the corrected vibrationally averaged potential is of about 1%. In addition, the dependence of the intermolecular potentials with the intramolecular vibrational modes is analyzed for the different geometries studied. The treatment can be quite useful in a realistic description of the main features of intermolecular interactions in more complex systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Thermally driven stability of octadecylphosphonic acid thin films grown on SS316L
Authors: Lim Min Soo , Smiley Katelyn J. , Gawalt Ellen S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractStainless steel 316L is widely used as a biomedical implant material; however, there is concern about the corrosion of metallic implants in the physiological environment. The corrosion process can cause mechanical failure due to resulting cracks and cavities in the implant. Alkyl phosphonic acid forms a thin film by self‐assembly on the stainless steel surface and this report conclusively shows that thermal treatment of the octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) film greatly enhances the stability of the ODPA molecules on the substrate surface. AFM images taken from the modified substrates revealed that thermally treated films remain intact after methanol, THF, and water flushes, whereas untreated films suffer substantial loss. Water contact angles also show that the hydrophobicity of thermally treated films does not diminish after being incubated in a dynamic flow of water for a 3‐hour period, whereas the untreated film becomes increasingly hydrophilic due to loss of ODPA. IR spectra taken of both treated and untreated films after water and THF flushes show that the remaining film retains its initial crystallinity. A model is suggested to explain the stability of ODPA film enhanced by thermal treatment. An ODPA molecule is physisorbed to the surface weakly by hydrogen bonding. Heating drives away water molecules leading to the formation of strong monodentate or mixed mono/bi‐dentate bonds of ODPA molecule to the surface. SCANNING 32: 304–311, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new time‐of‐flight SIMS instrument for 3D imaging and analysis
Authors: Hill Rowland , Blenkinsopp Paul , Thompson Stephen , Vickerman John , Fletcher John S. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe have built a mass spectrometer which utilizes a new method of time‐of‐flight analysis to provide rapid data acquisition with simultaneous high spatial resolution and high mass resolution. The mass analysis is performed by sampling the secondary beam into a two‐stage time‐of‐flight system. This removes the requirement for a pulsed primary beam as a ToF reference. No tradeoff exists between spatial and mass resolution, and acquisition speed is not limited by the primary beam duty cycle.The analyzer comprises the combination of a shaped field buncher and a nonlinear reflectron. This configuration allows the inclusion of a collision cell and an intermediate time‐of‐flight selection gate. So, the analyzer can operate in ms–ms mode as well as in normal time‐of‐flight mode. The instrument is equipped with 40 kV C60 and liquid metal cluster primary beams, which can run in d.c. mode, or, when charge neutralization is required, in slow pulsed mode. Data acquisition is continuous, eliminating loss of data during depth profiling etch cycles.The instrument has an automated sample entry system with heating to 670 K and cooling to 105 K, and includes a novel method of freeze‐fracture for tissue samples or other organic samples in aqueous suspension. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppressing the redistribution of boron in crystalline silicon during SIMS analysis
Authors: Hida K. , Murata D. , Satoh K. , Yamada T. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBoron is one of the most commonly used p‐type dopant in silicon. We found that boron in crystalline silicon does not have identical distribution in depth profile between front side and rear side SIMS analysis. Comparing boron profiles of both analyses, different distributions can be seen at the depth in a few hundreds of nanometers from the surface side. Additionally, we continued analysis to investigate the behavior of boron in homogenously boron‐doped sample, such as p‐type silicon substrate. The result showed that distortion arises at the surface side during analysis and consequently nonuniform distribution was obtained. From the results, we estimate that boron should be redistributed during usual SIMS analysis, and study various analytical conditions in order to suppress such phenomenon. In this study, entire experiments were carried out by CAMECA ims 6f and 7f instruments, known as magnetic sector SIMS. Several ion‐implanted samples having different conditions are prepared for the analyses.As a result of experiments, redistribution of boron in crystalline silicon is suppressed suitably by cooling method using liquid nitrogen. Furthermore, it was revealed that the boron redistribution takes place in activation‐annealing samples, while the redistribution cannot be observed in as‐implanted samples. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Faceting and surface reconstruction of the GaP(111)B surface
Authors: Hilner E. , Zakharov A. A. , Schulte K. , Andersen J. N. , Lundgren E. , Mikkelsen A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUsing Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) we have investigated the structure of the GaP(111)B surface. We have previously studied the formation of Ga droplets on GaP(111)B above the maximum temperature for congruent evaporation. In the present work, we investigate the nanometer‐sized pyramid‐shaped crystallites that are found on the GaP(111)B surface and that were only briefly mentioned in our previous paper. We suggest that the pyramids have {‐1‐10} side facets. We also find that the size of the pyramids decrease upon annealing. Finally, we present a model for the atomic scale structure of the flat GaP(111)B surface found between the pyramids. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐high performance multi‐turn TOF‐SIMS system with a femto‐second laser for post‐ionization: investigation of the performance in linear mode
Authors: Ishihara Morio , Ebata Shingo , Kumondai Kousuke , Mibuka Ryo , Uchino Kiichiro , Yurimoto Hisayoshi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe performance of a newly developed TOF‐SIMS System with a femtosecond laser postionization and a multiturn mass spectrometer was investigated in linear mode. This system would be very effective for analyzing valuable material such as space samples. By using postionization the secondary ion signals of Ag were increased (up to 100 times), compared with the conventional TOF‐SIMS experiments. The laser power dependence on the signal intensities was also investigated and it was confirmed that the signal intensities reached specific values above the specific laser power. Lateral resolution of the elemental map was calculated to be about 40 nm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.