bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immobilization of Phospholipase A1 and its Application in Soybean Oil Degumming
Authors: Yu Dianyu , Jiang Lianzhou , Li Zhenlan , Shi John , Xue Jun , Kakuda Yukio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPhospholipase A1 (PLA1), or Lecitase® Ultra, was immobilized on three different supports, calcium alginate (CA), calcium alginate‐chitosan (CAC), and calcium alginate‐gelatin (CAG), and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The results indicated that PLA1–CA retained 56.2% of the enzyme's initial activity, whereas PLA1–CAC and PLA1–CAG retained 65.5 and 60.2%, respectively. Compared with free PLA1, the optimal pH of immobilized PLA1 shifted to the basic side by 0.5–1.0 pH units and the pH/activity profile range was considerably broadened. Similarly, the temperature‐optima of PLA1–CAC and PLA1–CAG increased from 50 to 60 °C, and their thermal stability increased with relative activities of more than 90% that covered a wider temperature range spanning 50–65 °C. In a batch oil degumming process, the final residual phosphorus content was reduced to less than 10 mg/kg with free PLA1, PLA1–CAC and PLA1–CA in less than 5, 6 and 8 h respectively while PLA1–CAG was only able to reduce it to 15 mg/kg in 10 h. When the PLA1–CAC was applied in a plant degumming trial, the final residual phosphorus content was reduced to 9.7 mg/kg with 99.1% recovery of soybean oil. The recoveries of immobilized PLA1–CAC and activity of PLA1 were 80.2 and 78.2% respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that PLA1–CAC was the best immobilized enzyme complex for the continuous hydrolysis of phospholipids in crude vegetable oils.
Oxidative Stability of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Oil: Effect of Antioxidants and Storage Conditions
Authors: Ixtaina Vanesa Y. , Nolasco Susana M. , Tomás Mabel C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe oxidative stability of chia oil was evaluated by measuring the effectiveness of the addition of rosemary (ROS) and green tea (GT) extracts, tocopherols (TOC), ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and their blends, and studying the influence of storage conditions. The addition of antioxidants increased induction time, depending on their type and concentration. Considering antioxidants individually, AP at 5,000 ppm was the most effective, whereas ROS + GT at 2,500 and 5,000 ppm provided the best protection among the antioxidant blends. Chia oil peroxide values of 10 mequiv/kg was observed for oils stored at 4 °C while values greater than 10 mequiv/kg were observed between 60 and 120 days when stored at 20 °C. Only AP 2,500 ppm protected oil did not reach 10 mequiv/kg during 225 days at 4 and 20 °C. Similar trends were observed with p‐anisidine and Totox values. Differential scanning calorimetry further supported the presence of primary and secondary oxidation. Activation energy of chia oil thermoxidation was 71.9 kJ/mol increasing up to 87.5 kJ/mol when AP was added.
Flapping propulsion using a fin ray
Authors: Alben S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe calculate optimal driving motions for a fin ray in a two-dimensional inviscid fluid, which is a model for caudal fin locomotion. The driving is sinusoidal in time, and consists of heaving, pitching and a less-studied motion called ‘shifting’. The optimal phases of shifting relative to heaving and pitching for maximum thrust power and efficiency are calculated. The optimal phases undergo jumps at resonant combinations of fin ray bending and shear moduli, and are nearly constant in regions between resonances. In two examples, pitching- and heaving-based motions converge with the addition of optimal shifting. Shifting provides an order-one increase in output power and efficiency.
Intra-basaltic soil formation, sedimentary reworking and eodiagenetic K-enrichment in the Middle to Upper Ordovician Dunn Point Formation of eastern Canada: a rare window into early Palaeozoic surface and near-surface conditions
Authors: JUTRAS P. , HANLEY J. J. , QUILLAN R. S. , LEFORTE M. J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMafic flows of the Middle to Upper Ordovician Dunn Point Formation of eastern Canada were deeply weathered under warm and relatively humid conditions before being buried by subsequent flows. In the absence of superior plants, and in the context of relatively low atmospheric carbon levels, the soils developed alkaline groundwater conditions through mineral–water interactions, which resulted in an enhanced mobility of Al relative to Si in most palaeosols of that formation. Although the vegetation cover was volumetrically insignificant compared with that of subsequent geological times, it was apparently producing very efficient chelates, which, for most palaeosols of the succession, generated a well-defined cheluviation pattern for not only Al and Fe, but also and mainly Ti, which is typically immobile in modern soils. The resulting soils developed an Al–Fe–Ti-depleted upper horizon that was enriched in Si, probably through periodic ground saturation. Long-term climatic variations related to orbital cycles are inferred to have accounted for a second type of soil in the succession, which contrasts with the former by showing a Si-depleted and less Al–Fe–Ti-depleted upper horizon. Some soil material was substantially reworked by surface runoff, but such occurrences can be easily differentiated fromin situsoil material in terms of texture, structure and composition. A thick overlying rhyolite flow is thought to be responsible for providing abundant K in solution, which was incorporated in the underlying basalt palaeosols as exchangeable cations within a probably montmorillonitic clay precursor to the Fe–Mg-rich phengite that later developed during deep burial and orogenic compression.
Perceived foreign accent in first language attrition and second language acquisition: The impact of age of acquisition and bilingualism
Authors: HOPP HOLGER , SCHMID MONIKA S. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis study investigates constraints on ultimate attainment in second language (L2) pronunciation in a direct comparison of perceived foreign accent of 40 late L2 learners and 40 late first language (L1) attriters of German. Both groups were compared with 20 predominantly monolingual controls. Contrasting participants who acquired the target language from birth (monolinguals, L1 attriters) with late L2 learners, on the one hand, and bilinguals (L1 attriters, L2ers) with monolinguals, on the other hand, allowed us to disentangle the impacts of age of onset and bilingualism in speech production. At the group level, the attriters performed indistinguishably from controls, and both differed from the L2 group. However, 80% of all L2ers scored within the native (attriter) range. Correlational analyses with background factors further found some effects of use and language aptitude. These results show that acquiring a language from birth is not sufficient to guarantee nativelike pronunciation, and late acquisition does not necessarily prevent it. The results are discussed in the light of models on the role of age and cross-linguistic influence in L2 acquisition.
PDRs and XDRs
Authors: Meijerink Rowin 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn overview of the important thermal and chemical processes in “photon-dominated regions” or “photo-dissociation regions” (PDRs) and “X-ray dominated regions” (XDRs) is presented. Applications of the models are shown to observations of the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy Mrk 231, and the starburst galaxy M 82.
Turbulence in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
Authors: Falgarone Edith , Godard Benjamin , Hily-Blant Pierre 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) hosts the first steps of interstellar chemistry and the seeds of dense structures. Since its turbulent pressure by far exceeds its thermal pressure, turbulence must play a prominent role in its evolution. Fed at galactic scales, turbulent energy cascades down to the dissipation scales, but as in both laboratory and atmospheric turbulence, it does so in an intermittent way : only a tiny fraction of the small-scales is fed by the turbulent cascade, so that dissipation occurs in bursts. In diffuse molecular clouds, where they can be observed, the signatures of intermittency are: (1) the non-Gaussian statistics of velocity increments, and (2) the existence of coherent structures of intense velocity-shear that appear to channel the large-scale turbulent energy down to milliparsec scales. Attempts at modelling the warm chemistry triggered in the diffuse ISM by bursts of turbulent dissipation are promising : in this framework, the so far unexplained molecular richness observed in this medium is naturally understood, in particular its CH+, HCO+ and CO abundances. Turbulent dissipation is also likely at the origin of the H2 rotational line emission of the diffuse ISM and of a significant fraction of its [C II] emission.
Fullerenes in Circumstellar and Interstellar Environments
Authors: Cami Jan , Bernard-Salas Jeronimo , Peeters Els , Malek Sarah E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe recently identified several emission bands in the Spitzer-IRS spectrum of the unusual planetary nebula Tc 1 with the infrared active vibrational modes of the neutral fullerene species C60 and C70. Since then, the fullerene bands have been detected in a variety of sources representing circumstellar and interstellar environments. Abundance estimates suggest that C60 represents ~0.1%–1.5% of the available carbon in those sources. The observed relative band intensities in various sources are not fully compatible with single-photon heating and fluorescent cooling, and are better reproduced by a thermal distribution at least in some sources. The observational data suggests that fullerenes form in the circumstellar environments of evolved stars, and survive in the interstellar medium. Precisely how they form is still a matter of debate.
The Chemistry of the Early Universe
Authors: Glover S. C. O. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe chemistry of the early Universe is a fascinating field of study. Even in the absence of any elements heavier than lithium, a surprising degree of chemical complexity proves to be possible, giving the topic considerable interest in its own right. In addition, the fact that molecular hydrogen plays a key role in the formation of the first stars and galaxies means that if we want to understand the formation of these objects, we must first develop a good understanding of the chemical evolution of the gas. In this review, I first give a brief introduction to the chemistry occurring in the gas prior to the formation of the first stars and galaxies, and then go on to discuss in more detail the main chemical processes occurring during the gravitational collapse of gas from intergalactic to protostellar densities, and how these processes influence the final outcome of the collapse.
Gas-Phase Reactions in the ISM: Rate Coefficients, Temperature Dependences, and Reaction Products
Authors: Smith Ian W. M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInformation about the rate coefficients and products of processes that occur in the interstellar medium are required as input to computer models that seek to reproduce the abundances of the rich variety of molecules that have been observed in different regions of the interstellar medium. In this brief review, I seek to identify the different kinds of gas-phase processes for which information is required and to consider the experimental, theoretical, and semi-empirical methods which are employed to measure or predict rate coefficients, k(T), and how they depend on temperature (T) – and also how the products of reactions can, in favourable cases, be observed.
Biochemical role of the collagen-rich tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer progression
Authors: Shields Mario A. , Dangi-Garimella Surabhi , Redig Amanda J. , Munshi Hidayatullah G. 
Published: December 2011

PDAC (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma) is among the most deadly of human malignances. A hallmark of the disease is a pronounced collagen-rich fibrotic extracellular matrix known as the desmoplastic reaction. Intriguingly, it is precisely these areas of fibrosis in which human PDAC tumours demonstrate increased expression of a key collagenase, MT1-MMP [membrane-type 1 MMP (matrix metalloproteinase); also known as MMP-14]. Furthermore, a cytokine known to mediate fibrosis in vivo, TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1), is up-regulated in human PDAC tumours and can promote MT1-MMP expression. In the present review, we examine the regulation of PDAC progression through the interplay between type I collagen (the most common extracellular matrix present in human PDAC tumours), MT1-MMP and TGF-β1. Specifically, we examine the way in which signalling events through these pathways mediates invasion, regulates microRNAs and contributes to chemoresistance.
Outbreak of Hot-Foot Syndrome – Caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Michl R. , Rusche T. , Grimm S. , Limpert E. , Beck J. , Dost A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractInfections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause the hot-foot syndrome, presenting with painful plantar erythematous nodules. Particularly, the mechanically stressed areas of the foot are affected after contact with contaminated water from saunas, swimming pools, hot tubs, etc. We report an outbreak of hot-foot syndrome caused by Pseudomonas in 10 patients. The therapeutic regimens applied reached from local antiseptic therapy to systemic antibiotics.
An Unusual Case of Ectopic ACTH Syndrome
Authors: Willhauck M. , Pöpperl G. , Rachinger W. , Giese A. , Auernhammer C. , Spitzweg C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEctopic ACTH-syndrome is a rare cause of Cushing’s disease. Despite extensive diagnostic procedures the source of ACTH secretion often remains occult.This case describes a 45-year old woman with an ectopic Cushing’s syndrome. Extensive imaging procedures including CT scan of chest and abdomen, octreotide scan and MRI of the chest and pituitary did not reveal the source of ACTH secretion.In consideration of an occult source of ACTH secretion we started a therapeutic trial with cabergoline (0.5 mg/d), a dopamine receptor agonist, which has been shown to be effective in ectopic Cushing’s syndrome. 2 months after cabergoline treatment had been initiated, ACTH and cortisol levels normalized in association with significant improvement of the clinical symptoms.During follow-up a [68Ga-DOTA-dPhe1, Tyr3]-octreotate ([68Ga-DOTA]-TATE) PET-CT was performed revealing a somatostatin receptor positive lesion in the right sphenoidal sinus suggesting the source of ACTH secretion. The patient was cured by transnasal resection of the polypoid lesion, which was immunohistochemically characterized as an ACTH-positive neuroendocrine tumor.This case report demonstrates the management of ectopic ACTH-syndrome by molecularly ­targeted therapy with dopamine receptor ­agonists as well as improved detection of the ectopic ACTH source by novel imaging modalities, such as [68Ga-DOTA]-TATE PET specifically targeting somatostatin receptor subtype-2 with high affinity.
Structural basis of coactivation of liver receptor homolog-1 by β-catenin
Authors: Yumoto Fumiaki , Nguyen Phuong , Sablin Elena P. , Baxter John D. , Webb Paul , Fletterick Robert J. 
Published: December 2011

We report the three-dimensional structure of a β-catenin armadillo repeat in complex with the liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) ligand binding domain at 2.8 Å resolution as the first structure of β-catenin in complex with any nuclear receptor. The surface of β-catenin that binds LRH-1 partly overlaps defined contact sites for peptide segments of β-catenin partners, including T-cell factor-4. The surface of LRH-1 that engages β-catenin is comprised of helices 1, 9, and 10 and is distinct from known interaction surfaces of LRH-1, including corepressor and coactivator binding sites. Targeted mutagenesis of amino acids forming both sides of the LRH-1/β-catenin interface reveals that they are essential for stable interactions between these proteins in solution. The LRH-1 binding site in β-catenin is also required for association with androgen receptor, providing evidence that the observed LRH-1/β-catenin interaction may be prototypic.
Novel search method for the discovery of functional relationships
Authors: Ramírez Fidel , Lawyer Glenn , Albrecht Mario 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Numerous annotations are available that functionally characterize genes and proteins with regard to molecular process, cellular localization, tissue expression, protein domain composition, protein interaction, disease association and other properties. Searching this steadily growing amount of information can lead to the discovery of new biological relationships between genes and proteins. To facilitate the searches, methods are required that measure the annotation similarity of genes and proteins. However, most current similarity methods are focused only on annotations from the Gene Ontology (GO) and do not take other annotation sources into account.
Results: We introduce the new method BioSim that incorporates multiple sources of annotations to quantify the functional similarity of genes and proteins. We compared the performance of our method with four other well-known methods adapted to use multiple annotation sources. We evaluated the methods by searching for known functional relationships using annotations based only on GO or on our large data warehouse BioMyn. This warehouse integrates many diverse annotation sources of human genes and proteins. We observed that the search performance improved substantially for almost all methods when multiple annotation sources were included. In particular, our method outperformed the other methods in terms of recall and average precision.
Contact: mario.albrecht@mpi-inf.mpg.de
Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Selenium‐ and zinc‐deficient cardiomyopathy in human intestinal malabsorption: preliminary results of selenium/zinc infusion
Authors: Frustaci Andrea , Sabbioni Enrico , Fortaner Salvador , Farina Massimo , del Torchio Riccardo , Tafani Marco , Morgante Emanuela , Ciriolo Maria Rosa , Russo Matteo A. , Chimenti Cristina 
Published: December 2011

AimsPatients with intestinal malabsorption may develop cardiac dysfunction the origin of which is often unclear. We sought to investigate the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy in human malabsorption.Methods and resultsEighteen patients with intestinal bypass as treatment for severe obesity and cardiomyopathy underwent endomyocardial biopsy. Biopsies were processed by histology, electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cardiotropic viruses, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of 33 myocardial trace elements, and assessment of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and LC3‐II expression. Histology and electron microscopy showed hypertrophy/degeneration of cardiomyocytes with pronounced cell autophagy and high expression of LC3‐II. PCR was negative for viral genomes. INAA showed severe myocardial selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) deficiency and reduced GPX activity vs. both patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and normal controls. Se and Zn were added to antifailing heart therapy in 10 patients (group A1) agreeing to a control biopsy, and the response was compared with that of 8 patients (group A2) on supportive therapy alone. After 6 months, myocardial normalization of Se, Zn, LC3‐II, and GPX in group A1 was associated with recovery of cardiomyocyte degeneration and autophagy, and significant improvement in cardiac dimension and function, that remained unchanged in group A2.ConclusionA reversible Se‐ and Zn‐deficient cardiomyopathy may occur in patients with intestinal malabsorption. It is characterized by decline of myocardial antioxidant reserve, oxidative damage of cell membranes, and enhanced cell autophagy.
Variation in the Practice of Preoperative Medical Consultation for Major Elective Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Wijeysundera Duminda N. , Austin Peter C. , Beattie W. Scott , Hux Janet E. , Laupacis Andreas 
Published: December 2011

Background
Patients scheduled for major elective noncardiac surgery frequently undergo preoperative medical consultations. However, the factors that determine whether individuals undergo consultation and the extent of interhospital variation remain unclear.

Methods
The authors used population-based administrative databases to conduct a cohort study of patients, aged 40 yr or older, who underwent major elective noncardiac surgery in Ontario, Canada, between April 2004 and February 2009. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to identify patient- and hospital-level predictors of consultation.

Results
Within the cohort of 204,819 patients who underwent surgery at 79 hospitals, 38% (n = 77,965) underwent preoperative medical consultation. Although patient- and surgery-level factors did predict consultation use, they explained only 5.9% of variation in consultation rates. Differences in rates across hospitals were large (range, 10-897 per 1,000 procedures), were not explained by surgical procedure volume or hospital teaching status, and persisted after adjustment for patient- and surgery-level factors. The median odds of undergoing consultation were 3.51 times higher if the same patient had surgery at one randomly selected hospital as opposed to another.

Conclusions
One-third of surgical patients undergo preoperative medical consultation. Although patient- and surgery-level factors are weak predictors of consultation use, the individual hospital is the major determinant of whether patients undergo consultation. Additional research is needed to better understand the basis for this substantial interhospital variation and to determine which patients benefit most from preoperative consultation.
Copper Chaperone-Dependent and -Independent Activation of Three Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Homologs Localized in Different Cellular Compartments in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang Chien-Hsun , Kuo Wen-Yu , Weiss Celeste , Jinn Tsung-Luo 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important antioxidant enzymes that catalyze the disproportionation of superoxide anion to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide to guard cells against superoxide toxicity. The major pathway for activation of copper/zinc SOD (CSD) involves a copper chaperone for SOD (CCS) and an additional minor CCS-independent pathway reported in mammals. We characterized the CCS-dependent and -independent activation pathways for three CSDs localized in different cellular compartments in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The main activation pathway for CSD1 in the cytoplasm involved a CCS-dependent and -independent pathway, which was similar to that for human CSD. Activation of CSD2 in chloroplasts depended totally on CCS, similar to yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) CSD. Peroxisome-localized CSD3 via a CCS-independent pathway was similar to nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) CSD in retaining activity in the absence of CCS. In Arabidopsis, glutathione played a role in CCS-independent activation, as was reported in humans, but an additional factor was required. These findings reveal a highly specific and sophisticated regulation of CSD activation pathways in planta relative to other known CCS-independent activation.