bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blockade of the Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in the Endothelium Prevents Insulin Resistance and Prolongs Life Spans
Authors: Hasegawa Yutaka , Saito Tokuo , Ogihara Takehide , Ishigaki Yasushi , Yamada Tetsuya , Imai Junta , Uno Kenji , Gao Junhong , Kaneko Keizo , Shimosawa Tatsuo , Asano Tomoichiro , Fujita Toshiro , Oka Yoshitomo , Katagiri Hideki 
Published: February 2012

Background—
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling plays critical roles in physiological and pathological processes such as responses to inflammation and oxidative stress.

Methods and Results—
To examine the role of endothelial NF-κB signaling in vivo, we generated transgenic mice expressing dominant-negative IκB under the Tie2 promoter/enhancer (E-DNIκB mice). These mice exhibited functional inhibition of NF-κB signaling specifically in endothelial cells. Although E-DNIκB mice displayed no overt phenotypic changes when young and lean, they were protected from the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity, whether diet- or genetics-induced. Obesity-induced macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue and plasma oxidative stress markers were decreased and blood flow and mitochondrial content in muscle and active-phase locomotor activity were increased in E-DNIκB mice. In addition to inhibition of obesity-related metabolic deteriorations, blockade of endothelial NF-κB signaling prevented age-related insulin resistance and vascular senescence and, notably, prolonged life span. These antiaging phenotypes were also associated with decreased oxidative stress markers, increased muscle blood flow, enhanced active-phase locomotor activity, and aortic upregulation of mitochondrial sirtuin-related proteins.

Conclusions—
The endothelium plays important roles in obesity- and age-related disorders through intracellular NF-κB signaling, thereby ultimately affecting life span. Endothelial NF-κB signaling is a potential target for treating the metabolic syndrome and for antiaging strategies.
Silent Intralesional Microhemorrhage as a Risk Factor for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture
Authors: Guo Yi , Saunders Tara , Su Hua , Kim Helen , Akkoc Deniz , Saloner David A. , Hetts Steven W. , Hess Christopher , Lawton Michael T. , Bollen Andrew W. , Pourmohamad Tony , McCulloch Charles E. , Tihan Tarik , Young William L. , Cha Soonmee , Dowd Christopher F. , Fedoroff Anne , Gardner Elizabeth , Halbach Van V. , Higashida Randall T. , Jolivalt Philippe , Dispensa Brad , Shepherd Timothy , Zhao Yuanli 
Published: February 2012

Background and Purpose—
We investigated whether brain arteriovenous malformation silent intralesional microhemorrhage, that is, asymptomatic bleeding in the nidal compartment, might serve as a marker for increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We evaluated 2 markers to assess the occurrence of silent intralesional microhemorrhage: neuroradiological assessment of evidence of old hemorrhage—imaging evidence of bleeding before the outcome events–and hemosiderin positivity in hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin block sections.

Methods—
We identified cases from our brain arteriovenous malformation database with recorded neuroradiological data or available surgical paraffin blocks. Using 2 end points, index ICH or new ICH after diagnosis (censored at treatment, loss to follow-up, or death), we performed logistic or Cox regression to assess evidence of old hemorrhage and hemosiderin positivity adjusting for age, sex, deep-only venous drainage, maximal brain arteriovenous malformation size, deep location, and associated arterial aneurysms.

Results—

Evidence of old hemorrhage was present in 6.5% (n=975) of patients and highly predictive of index ICH (
P
<0.001; OR, 3.97; 95% CI, 2.1–7.5) adjusting for other risk factors. In a multivariable model (n=643), evidence of old hemorrhage was an independent predictor of new ICH (hazard ratio, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.35–9.23;
P
=0.010). Hemosiderin positivity was found in 36.2% (29.6% in unruptured; 47.8% in ruptured;
P
=0.04) and associated with index ICH in univariate (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.03–4.61;
P
=0.042; n=127) and multivariable models (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 1.11–12.00;
P
=0.034; n=79).

Conclusions—
The prevalence of silent intralesional microhemorrhage is high and there is evidence for an association with both index and subsequent ICH. Further development of means to detect silent intralesional microhemorrhage during brain arteriovenous malformation evaluation may present an opportunity to improve risk stratification, especially for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations.
Luke 2:22, Leviticus 12, and Parturient Impurity
Authors: Thiessen Matthew 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
In Luke 2:22 Luke attributes parturient impurity to both Mary and Jesus (and/or Joseph). Interpreters have often concluded that this verse demonstrates that Luke misunderstands the levitical legislation pertaining to childbirth impurity (Leviticus 12), which discusses only the impurity of the new mother. This article argues that, despite the apparent contradiction between Leviticus 12 and Luke 2, Luke has not misunderstood Jewish conceptions of impurity after birth. Not only is it possible to conclude that Leviticus 12 implicitly ascribes impurity to the newborn child, but some Second Temple Jewish writers, such as the authors of Jubilees and 4Q265, also believed that the newborn child suffered the same manner of impurity as the new mother. Luke’s gospel, therefore, demonstrates familiarity with contemporary Jewish purity beliefs and practices.
The Significance of the Distribution of Self-designations in Acts
Authors: Trebilco Paul 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
An analysis of the distribution of self-designations in Acts reveals that Luke’s use of these self-designations is not random. Rather significant insight into Luke’s theology and into early Christian history can be gained by looking at the way these self-designations are distributed throughout Acts, when they are actually used, and whether they are used by Luke’s narrator or by actors in his story. The self-designations discussed here are ἀδελφοί, µαθηταί, ἐκκλησία, “the believers” and “the saints” or “the sanctified ones.”
Relationship between Ural–Siberian Blocking and the East Asian Winter Monsoon in Relation to the Arctic Oscillation and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Cheung Ho Nam , Zhou Wen , Mok Hing Yim , Wu Man Chi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis study attempts to assess the possible linkage between Ural–Siberian blocking and the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). During the boreal winter, the dominance of blocking thermally enhances cold advection downstream. The frequent occurrence of Ural–Siberian blocking potentially promotes a cold EAWM and vice versa. The seasonal blocking activity can be regarded as the combined effect of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Weakened (strengthened) meridional flow in the positive (negative) phase of the AO is unfavorable (favorable) for the formation of blocking highs. Because the AO shows a close relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), its teleconnection with Ural–Siberian blocking may exist in the form of an eastward-propagating wave train. Be that as it may, the wave train signal across East Asia may be disturbed by the external effect of a strong ENSO event, which probably enhances (weakens) the westerlies near Siberia in its warm (cold) phase. Consequently, the blocking–EAWM relationship is stronger (weaker) when the AO and ENSO are in phase (out of phase). If both AO and ENSO attain the positive (negative) phase, the Siberian high tends to be weaker (stronger) and the temperature tends to be higher (lower) in East Asia, with less (more) Ural–Siberian blocking. On the other hand, if they are out of phase, they are not strongly linked to the intensity of the Siberian high, and the blocking activity over Ural–Siberia is unclear.
How Does the Sun’s Spectrum Vary?
Authors: Lean Judith L. , DeLand Matthew T. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Recent observations made by the Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) spacecraft suggest that the Sun’s visible and infrared spectral irradiance increased from 2004 to 2008, even as the total solar irradiance measured simultaneously by SORCE’s Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) decreased. At the same time, solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance decreased 3–10 times more than expected from prior observations and model calculations of the known effects of sunspot and facular solar features. Analysis of the SIM spectral irradiance observations during the solar minimum epoch of 2008, when solar activity was essentially invariant, exposes trends in the SIM observations relative to both total solar irradiance and solar activity that are unlikely to be solar in origin. The authors suggest that the SIM’s radically different solar variability characterization is a consequence of undetected instrument sensitivity drifts, not true solar spectrum changes. It is thus doubtful that simulations of climate and atmospheric change using SIM measurements are indicative of real terrestrial behavior.
Comparison of Cloud Cover from All-Sky Imager and Meteorological Observer
Authors: Huo Juan , Lu Daren 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Naked-eye observation of cloud cover has widely resisted automation. Replacement of human observation by instruments is an inexorable trend for the development of ground-based macroscopic cloud observation. In this paper, cloud covers from an all-sky imager (ASI) are compared with those from a meteorological observer (MO) through field experiments performed at three sites in China. The correlation coefficient between ASI and MO is 0.77 for all cases. The ASI cloud fractions have great agreement with MO for clear sky, overcast sky, and sky loaded with low- and middle-level clouds. About 78% of the ASI cases had deviations between ±1 tenth compared to MO cloud cover. High-level cloud (or aerosol) is the main reason causing this difference. It is partially due to MO, who takes aerosol as high, thin cloud. Another reason might be that ASI made a wrong estimation for high-level cloud (or aerosol) because of its detector and the cloud-determination algorithm. Distinguishing high, thin cloud from aerosol is a challenge, and is the main problem that needs to be resolved for future developments of ASI. A new, improved method is discussed at the end of this paper.
Advance II
Authors: Marple Bradley F. , Smith Timothy L. , Han Joseph K. , Gould Andrew R. , Jampel Henry D. , Stambaugh James W. , Mugglin Andrew S. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveEndoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may be compromised by postoperative inflammation, polyposis, and adhesions, often requiring subsequent intervention. To address this issue, the authors investigated the safety and effectiveness of controlled delivery of mometasone furoate to the sinus mucosa via bioabsorbable implants deployed at the time of ESS.Study DesignProspective, multicenter, randomized, controlled, double‐blind trial using an intrapatient control design.SettingOtolaryngology–head and neck surgery centers; both academic and private practices.Subjects and MethodsThe study enrolled 105 patients with CRS undergoing bilateral ethmoidectomy to compare the effect of drug‐releasing to non‐drug‐releasing implants using an intrapatient control design. Postoperative interventions, polyposis, and adhesions were assessed postoperatively. Efficacy was determined through independent analysis of randomized video‐endoscopies by 3 blinded sinus surgeons. Safety assessments included ocular examinations.ResultsImplants were successfully deployed in all 210 ethmoid sinuses. Compared with control sinuses with non‐drug‐releasing implants, the drug‐releasing implant provided a 29.0% relative reduction in postoperative interventions (P=. 028) and a 52% (P=. 005) decrease in lysis of adhesions. The relative reduction in frank polyposis was 44.9% (P=. 002). Similar reductions were observed in real‐time grading performed by the clinical investigators. No clinically significant changes from baseline in intraocular pressure or cataracts were observed.ConclusionThis study provides a high level of evidence that use of steroid‐releasing implants that apply a sustained release of corticosteroid improves surgical outcomes by reducing synechiae formation, polyposis, and the need for postoperative interventions, with no observable ocular safety risk.
Evidence of Maxillary Sinus Inflammation in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Baroody Fuad M. , Mucha Samantha M. , deTineo Marcy , Naclerio Robert M. 
Published: February 2012

ObjectiveAllergic rhinitis has been frequently associated with both acute and chronic sinusitis. Previous studies have shown an influx of eosinophils into the maxillary sinus after nasal challenge with allergen. The objective of this study was to determine, in humans, if the development of seasonal allergic inflammation, secondary to natural allergen exposure, leads to similar inflammation within the maxillary sinus.Study DesignProspective, longitudinal study.SettingAcademic medical center and research laboratory.Subjects and MethodsEighteen subjects were evaluated in and out of the ragweed allergy season using subjective measures (nasal symptoms, quality of life), nasal secretory response to methacholine challenge, and evaluation of biomarkers in nasal and sinus lavages.ResultsThe subjects became symptomatic during the season and reported worse quality of life and increased nasal reactivity to methacholine. The total number of eosinophils obtained by nasal lavage during the season (median= 35,691) was significantly higher compared with out of season (median = 2811, P ≤. 02). Similarly, there were significantly more eosinophils, albeit to a lesser magnitude, in the maxillary sinus during the season (median = 4248) compared with the out‐of‐season samples (median = 370, P ≤. 02).ConclusionThe authors provide evidence that natural exposure to pollen during an individual’s allergy season leads to both nasal and sinus inflammation, strengthening the association between allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. The mechanism of this inflammatory response needs to be elucidated.
Running Activity After Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty
Authors: Fouilleron Nicolas , Wavreille Guillaume , Endjah Nima , Girard Julien 
Published: February 2012

Background: The ability to return to sports activities (especially running) after hip resurfacing arthroplasty seems to be very important for young and active patients who have developed osteoarthritis. Purpose: To assess the quality of return to sports after hip resurfacing arthroplasty by examining the time spent running, weekly mileage, and the possibility of returning to competition in a series of patients. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A prospective, consecutive series of 202 patients (215 hip resurfacings) was assessed to evaluate the possible resumption of running activity (time spent, weekly mileage, return to competition). Of this initial cohort, 40 patients (43 resurfacings, 21%) practiced running preoperatively. Mean age at hip resurfacing arthroplasty was 50.7 years (range, 31-61 years). No patients underwent revision surgery. A questionnaire was administered to assess the number, type, and level of sports activities. Among patients who practiced running, we determined, preoperatively and at last follow-up, their weekly mileage and whether they were competitors. Results: At last follow-up, 33 of 40 patients (36/43 hips) still practiced running ( P = .74), with 91.6% of them resuming running. Mean average recovery time before running at a level assessed as good by patients was 16.4 weeks (range, 5-36 weeks). The number of patients running more than 4 hours per week increased from 18 to 23. Similarly, the time devoted to running at last follow-up remained high (mean, 3.1 hours per week) with no statistically significant difference from the preoperative period ( P = .54). Moreover, patients were still engaged in competition without statistical difference between the 2 periods ( P = .82). Conclusion: Running is possible after hip resurfacing, and runners can even return to some level of competition, but this short follow-up series of hip resurfacing in athletes should be interpreted with caution regarding implant survival.
Capecitabine non-adherence: Exploration of magnitude, nature and contributing factors
Authors: Bhattacharya Debi , Easthall Claire , Willoughby Kerri Anne , Small Matthew , Watson Steven 
Published: February 2012

Objectives: The prescribing of oral chemotherapy agents previously available only in the intravenous formulation, such as capecitabine, has afforded many benefits including reduced administration costs and improved patient acceptability. However, it has introduced the new challenge of ensuring patient adherence to therapy. It is therefore necessary to quantify adherence, and with a view to improving services, explore factors that may impact on medication taking behavior. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of breast or colorectal cancer and prescribed capecitabine were recruited from a UK teaching hospital. Data regarding self-reported adherence, beliefs about medicines, side effects, and satisfaction with information received about capecitabine were recorded. Results: Non-adherence was reported by 23.3% of the 43 participants. Capecitabine therapy was perceived necessary by 97.6%, but almost one-third of participants had strong concerns. Side effects were reported by 80% of participants, with Palmar–Plantar erythrodysesthesia and fatigue most troubling participants. Complete satisfaction with information received was reported by 65% of participants; however, dissatisfaction about how to tell if capecitabine is working and the proposed duration of therapy was expressed by 42.9% and 37.3% of participants, respectively. Conclusions: Adherence to capecitabine is high with a strong conviction that the therapy is necessary. However, concerns were expressed regarding the experience of side effects. Patients have unmet information needs regarding the processes involved with monitoring capecitabine efficacy and determination of therapy duration. Healthcare professionals may therefore wish to consider a greater focus on involving patients in the monitoring of their care with respect to efficacy and planned treatment schedules.
Characterization of HIV-Associated Hodgkin's Lymphoma in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Ruiz Marco , Parsons Christopher , Cole John 
Published: February 2012

Introduction Although the incidence and prevalence of AIDS-defining malignancies has decreased in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence and prevalence of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in the HIV-infected population continues to rise. Compared with the general population, HIV-infected patients exhibit a 5-10-fold increased risk for developing HL. Methods A retrospective review of charts and electronic records from 2000-2010 at the HIV outpatient clinic (HOP)-Louisiana State University in New Orleans was conducted, and pathologically confirmed cases of HIV-HL were identified within this cohort. Results We found a prevalence of 6.3 cases per 1,000 patients per year of HIV-HL over a period of 10 years in our HIV outpatient clinic. The mean absolute CD4 count before treatment was 284 cells/mm3 and after treatment was 194 cells/mm3. The average time from the diagnosis of HIV infection to the diagnosis of HIV-HL was 7.6 years. The most common histopathologic type was mixed cellularity followed by lymphocytic predominance. The majority of patients had 6 cycles delivered. In terms of HL staging 87% presented with advanced stages (III B or IV). To the best of our knowledge 5 out of the 14 patients remain alive. Conclusions Patients in our cohort were older than most patients identified in other cohorts. All of our patients had coexisting chronic illnesses associated with inflammation, as well as detectable HIV viral loads and CD4 count >200, suggesting a role for both HIV- and non-HIV-associated inflammation in HIV-HL pathogenesis in this population. The role of HIV virus and other oncogenic viruses (EBV, HPV, and others) in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's lymphoma in this group of patients needs to be elucidated.
An approach to combining parallel and cross-over trials with and without run-in periods using individual patient data
Authors: Tvete Ingunn F , Olsen Inge C , Fagerland Morten W , Meland Nils , Aldrin Magne , Smerud Knut T , Holden Lars 
Published: February 2012

Background In active run-in trials, where patients may be excluded after a run-in period based on their response to the treatment, it is implicitly assumed that patients have individual treatment effects. If individual patient data are available, active run-in trials can be modelled using patient-specific random effects. With more than one trial on the same medication available, one can obtain a more precise overall treatment effect estimate. Methods We present a model for joint analysis of a two-sequence, four-period cross-over trial (AABB/BBAA) and a three-sequence, two-period active run-in trial (AB/AA/A), where the aim is to investigate the effect of a new treatment for patients with pain due to osteoarthritis. Results Our approach enables us to separately estimate the direct treatment effect for all patients, for the patients excluded after the active run-in trial prior to randomisation, and for the patients who completed the active run-in trial. A similar model approach can be used to analyse other types of run-in trials, but this depends on the data and type of other trials available. Limitations We assume equality of the various carry-over effects over time. Conclusions The proposed approach is flexible and can be modified to handle other designs. Our results should be encouraging for those responsible for planning cost-efficient clinical development programmes.
Human CD300a binds to phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, and modulates the phagocytosis of dead cells
Authors: Simhadri Venkateswara R. , Andersen John F. , Calvo Eric , Choi Seung-Chul , Coligan John E. , Borrego Francisco 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
CD300a is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) containing molecule that belongs to the CD300 family of paired activating/inhibitory receptors. It has been shown that its ligation inhibits activation signals on cells of both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. The ligands for CD300a have not been identified. Here, we show that a CD300a-Ig fusion protein specifically binds to apoptotic cells that are evolutionary apart, such as human and insect cells, suggesting that the ligand has to be conserved. Using surface plasmon resonance, ultracentrifugation, ELISA, and reporter cell assays, we identified phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS), 2 phospholipids that translocate to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane of dead cells, as the ligands for CD300a. Mutational and structural modeling studies identified residues that are involved in the binding of CD300a to PE and PS and that form a cavity where the hydrophilic heads of PE and PS, can penetrate. CD300a down-regulates the uptake of apoptotic cells by macrophages and its ectopic expression in CD300a-negative cell lines also decreased the engulfment of dead cells. Collectively, our results indicate that PE and PS are ligands for CD300a, and that this interaction plays an important role in regulating the removal of dead cells.