bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotypic Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Breast Carcinoma With HER2/neu Amplification
Authors: Brunelli Matteo , Manfrin Erminia , Martignoni Guido , Miller Keith , Remo Andrea , Reghellin Daniela , Bersani Samantha , Gobbo Stefano , Eccher Albino , Chilosi Marco , Bonetti Franco 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We evaluated intratumoral heterogeneity of 30 ductal breast carcinomas with HER2/neu amplification, scored by the American Society of Clinical Oncology/ College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) criteria, and 3+ immunoexpression. High-grade (ratio ≥4.0) vs low-grade amplification (ratio &gt;2.2 to &lt;4.0) and chromosome 17 polysomy were also evaluated.
On whole tissue sections, 20 tumors (67%) showed high-grade and 10 (33%) showed low-grade HER2/ neu amplification. Of 20 tumors with high-grade amplification, 14 (70%) showed no intratumoral genotypic heterogeneity; 6 (30%) showed at least 1 core with low-grade amplification. Of 10 cases with low-grade amplification, 6 (60%) showed no intratumoral heterogeneity; 4 (40%) showed chromosome 17 polysomy without gene amplification in 2 of 3 cores per case. Of 30 cases with gene amplification, 4 (13%) showed a “not-amplified pattern” in other parts of the tumor.
The routine assessment of HER2/neu amplification using the ASCO/CAP criteria on whole tissue sections is not significantly confounded by intratumoral heterogeneity in breast cancer with high-grade amplification; however, genetic heterogeneity exists in a subset of breast carcinomas with low-grade amplification. The clinical relevance and impact on treatment outcome of intratumoral heterogeneity in breast cancer with low-grade HER2/neu amplification or chromosome 17 polysomy need further investigation.
Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21) (q22;q22) Shares Many Features With De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukemia With t(8;21)(q22;q22) but Does Not Have a Favorable Outcome
Authors: Gustafson Steven A. , Lin Pei , Chen Su S. , Chen Lei , Abruzzo Lynne V. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Wang Sa A. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
To determine if therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) with t(8;21)(q22;q22) [t-AML-t(8;21)] harbors similar characteristic clinicopathologic features as de novo AML-t(8;21) (q22;q22), we studied 13 cases of t-AML-t(8;21) and 38 adult cases of de novo AML-t(8;21) diagnosed and treated at our hospital (1995–2008). Of 13 t-AML-t(8;21) cases, 11 had previously received chemotherapy with or without radiation for malignant neoplasms and 2 received radiation alone. The median latency to t-AML onset was 37 months (range, 11–126 months). Compared with patients with de novo AML-t(8;21), patients with t-AML-t(8;21) were older (P = .001) and had a lower WBC count (P = .039), substantial morphologic dysplasia, and comparable CD19/CD56 expression. The AML1-ETO (RUNX1-RUNX1T1) fusion was demonstrated in all 10 cases assessed. Class I mutations analyzed included FLT3 (0/10 [0%]), RAS (0/10 [0%]), JAK2 V617 (0/11 [0%]), and KIT (4/11 [36%]). With a median follow-up of 13 months, 10 patients with t-AML-t(8;21) died; the overall survival was significantly inferior to that of patients with de novo AML-t(8;21) (19 months vs not reached; P = .002). These findings suggest that t-AML-t(8;21) shares many features with de novo AML-t(8;21)(q22;q22), but affected patients have a worse outcome.
2008 ACLPS Panel Discussion on Resident Education in Clinical Pathology
Authors: Luning Prak Eline T. , Young Donald S. , Kamoun Malek , Nachamkin Irving , Alexander C. Bruce , Spitalnik Steven L. , Peerschke Ellinor I. B. , Smith Brian R. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A curriculum in clinical pathology (CP) was developed under the auspices of the Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians and Scientists (ACLPS) in 2006. At the 2008 ACLPS meeting in Philadelphia, PA, a panel was convened to address the current challenges in resident education and how to overcome them. Current challenges include the heterogeneity of the discipline (which requires analytical, medical, and managerial knowledge), the diverse repertoire of clinical laboratory testing, and the need to better integrate the resident into the work flow of the laboratory, especially with respect to clinical consultation. Recommendations of the panel include the incorporation of active learning, clinical consultation, and competency assessment into CP resident training. A summary of the panel discussion is presented herein.
Differential Expression of Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 in Melanocytic Skin Lesions
Authors: Gambichler Thilo , Rotterdam Sebastian , Radkowski Katharina , Altmeyer Peter , Kreuter Alexander 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Neoplastic melanocytes may exhibit certain differentiation characteristics of other neural-crest derivatives. We aimed to study the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) in different types of melanocytic skin lesions. Paraffin-embedded sections of 42 benign nevi (BN), 22 dysplastic nevi (DN), 45 superficial spreading melanomas (SSMs), and 15 subcutaneous melanoma metastases were immunohistologically assessed using the monoclonal mouse MAP-2ab antibody (Zytomed, Berlin, Germany). The percentage MAP-2 expression of DN and SSMs was significantly increased compared with BN. Moreover, subcutaneous melanoma metastases showed significantly decreased MAP-2 expression compared with DN and SSMs. In SSMs, MAP-2 expression significantly correlated with the Breslow vertical tumor thickness, Clark level, and stage of disease. We observed that MAP-2 is differentially expressed during the development and progression of benign and malignant melanocytic skin lesions. In contrast with the findings of previous studies, our data indicate that MAP-2 is a moderately positive predictor of the progression of SSMs.
Myofibroblastic Sarcoma vs Nodular Fasciitis
Authors: Meng Guo-Zhao , Zhang Hong-Ying , Zhang Zhang , Wei Bing , Bu Hong 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We investigated the molecular cytogenetic features in myofibroblastic sarcoma (MS) to gain insight into the nature of the controversial entity. DNA copy number changes were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization in 29 cases of MS and 5 cases of nodular fasciitis. The characteristic chromosomal imbalances in MS were gains at 1p11 → p36.3 (19/29 [66%]), 12p12.2 → p13.2 (13/29 [45%]), 5p13.2 → p15.3 (9/29 [31%]), and chromosome 22 (8/29 [28%]) and loss at 15q25 → q26.2 (7/29 [24%]). In contrast, only 1 of 5 cases of nodular fasciitis showed genetic aberrations. The average number of aberrations in nodular fasciitis (0.4) was significantly lower than that in MS (5.4). Thus, MS displayed complex DNA copy number changes and shared no range of common chromosomal abnormality with nodular fasciitis, indicating that distinct genetic pathways may be involved in the development of these entities.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With t(2;14)(p16;q32) Involves the BCL11A and IgH Genes and Is Associated With Atypical Morphologic Features and Unmutated IgVH Genes
Authors: Yin C. Cameron , Lin Katherine I-Chun , Ketterling Rhett P. , Knudson Ryan A. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Barron Lynn L. , Huh Yang O. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Keating Michael J. , Abruzzo Lynne V. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The t(2;14)(p16;q32) has been reported previously in only 12 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). The clinicopathologic features have been incompletely described. We describe 6 new cases of CLL/SLL with t(2;14)(p16;q32). All had marrow involvement, 4 had absolute lymphocytosis, 4 had lymphadenopathy, and 3 had hepatosplenomegaly. All showed atypical lymphocyte morphologic features with plasmacytoid differentiation and irregular nuclei; 3 had increased prolymphocytes. Flow cytometry demonstrated typical immunophenotypes in 5 and an atypical immunophenotype in 1. All expressed ZAP70; 5 assessed showed unmutated IgVH genes. Karyotyping identified t(2;14)(p16;q32) as the sole abnormality in 1, primary abnormality in 2, and part of a complex karyotype in 3. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed BCL11A/IgH rearrangement in all. After chemotherapy, 3 patients died of disease and 3 were alive with disease (median follow-up, 80 months). We conclude that CLL/SLL with t(2;14) (p16;q32) and BCL11A/IgH rearrangement is characterized by atypical morphologic features and unmutated IgVH genes.
Adolescents choosing self‐harm as an emotion regulation strategy: The protective role of trait emotional intelligence
Authors: Mikolajczak Moïra , Petrides K. V. , Hurry Jane 
Published: April 2009

ObjectivesThe present study seeks to extend the understanding of the role of dispositional factors in the aetiology of self‐harm among adolescents. We hypothesized that higher trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) would be associated with a lower likelihood to harm oneself, and that this relationship would be mediated by the choice of coping strategies.Design and MethodsTrait EI, coping styles and self‐harm behaviours were assessed in 490 adolescents recruited from eight British schools.ResultsThe results supported our hypothesis and showed that the relationship between trait EI and self‐harm was partly mediated by the choice of coping strategies. Emotional coping was a particularly powerful mediator, suggesting that self‐harm may be a way to decrease the negative emotions that are exacerbated by maladaptive emotional coping strategies, such as rumination, self‐blame, and helplessness. Trait EI was correlated positively with adaptive coping styles and negatively with maladaptive coping styles, and depression.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the potential value of incorporating coping coaching programmes in the treatment of self‐harm patients.
Practical Challenges Testing Coupons with Residual Stresses from Cold Expanded Holes
Authors: Reid Len , Ransom Joy 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Cold expanding holes in metal components is widely used throughout the aerospace industry to extend fatigue life and damage tolerance. The beneficial residual stresses induced by hole cold expansion arrest or significantly retard the growth of fatigue cracks, and in doing so make fatigue or crack growth life prediction more difficult. Under low stress level/high cycle fatigue testing, residual compressive stresses have been shown to increase the fatigue strength of the material leading to an “infinite life” and consequent “run-out” of test coupons at the test hole or changing the location of failure away from the test hole. While advantageous to aircraft operators, it makes statistical life prediction difficult because the incomplete data have to be censored, leading to a knock-down of the beneficial life attained. Conversely, increasing stress levels toward material yield stress; life improvement factors are more definitive and tend toward unity. This paper reviews the derivation of residual stresses induced by hole cold expansion and discusses benefits to the structure/test coupon and how the residual stress field impacts fatigue life and damage tolerance/durability under cyclic load conditions. Challenges observed when testing coupons that have been processed using hole cold expansion including modification of the crack behavior and its effect on material microstructure, relocation of crack initiation, dynamics of the redistribution of stress and the crack growth mechanism as well as scatter of results, are also discussed with a focus on aluminum materials.
Analyse seltener Fehler bei der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion im OperationssaalAnalysis of Rare Errors of Human-Machine-Interaction in the Operating Room
Authors: Geißler Norman , Wedekind Marco , Strauss Gero , Korb Werner 
Published: April 2009

Zusammenfassung
Es werden Herausforderungen bei der Analyse seltener Nutzerfehler bei medizinischen Geräten diskutiert, die im Operationssaal eingesetzt werden. Die Analysen mit Manipulationen der Systeme müssen in Demonstratorumgebungen durchgeführt werden, da keine Patienten gefährdet werden dürfen. Hierbei muss einerseits eine möglichst hohe Kontrolle der Bedingungen, aber auch eine möglichst hohe Realität der Aufgabe für die Teilnehmer gewährleistet werden. Dazu wird ein Studienszenario im Demonstrator-Operationssaal vorgestellt, mit welchem geprüft wird, wie sehr sich der Proband über Wechsel des Systemmodus im medizintechnischen System Navigated Control bewusst ist.
p53-Independent Apoptosis Limits DNA Damage-Induced Aneuploidy
Authors: McNamee Laura M , Brodsky Michael H 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
DNA damage or unprotected telomeres can trigger apoptosis via signaling pathways that directly sense abnormal DNA structures and activate the p53 transcription factor. We describe a p53-independent mechanism that acts in parallel to the canonical DNA damage response pathway in Drosophila to induce apoptosis after exposure to ionizing radiation. Following recovery from damage-induced cell cycle arrest, p53 mutant cells activate the JNK pathway and expression of the pro-apoptotic gene hid. Mutations in grp, a cell cycle checkpoint gene, and puc, a negative regulator of the JNK pathway, sensitize p53 mutant cells to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced apoptosis. Induction of chromosome aberrations by DNA damage generates cells with segmental aneuploidy and heterozygous for mutations in ribosomal protein genes. p53-independent apoptosis limits the formation of these aneuploid cells following DNA damage. We propose that reduced copy number of haploinsufficient genes following chromosome damage activates apoptosis and helps maintain genomic integrity.
Broad Clinical Spectrum in Silver-Russell Syndrome and Consequences for Genetic Testing in Growth Retardation
Authors: Eggermann Thomas , Gonzalez Daniela , Spengler Sabrina , Arslan-Kirchner Mine , Binder Gerhard , Schönherr Nadine 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE. Silver-Russell syndrome is a heterogenous disorder characterized by severe intrauterine growth restriction, lack of catch-up after birth, and specific dysmorphisms. In ∼10% of patients, maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 is detectable, but hypomethylation of the imprinting in 11p15 is the major epigenetic disturbance in Silver-Russell syndrome. The use of strict clinical criteria, indeed, results in relatively high detection rates for the 11p15 epimutation, but we feel that the application of a strict clinical scoring system is not useful in clinical workaday life because of the broad clinical spectrum in 11p15 epimutation and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 carriers.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. We report on our experience of molecular testing in 188 patients referred for routine diagnostics of Silver-Russell syndrome and in a group of 20 patients with isolated intrauterine growth restriction/postnatal growth retardation.
RESULTS. The molecular genetic results in both groups of data showed that 11p15 epimutation and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 carriers did not always show the unambiguous Silver-Russell syndrome phenotype.
CONCLUSIONS. In addition to patients with the classical Silver-Russell syndrome phenotype fulfilling the Silver-Russell syndrome-specific scores, genetic testing for the 11p15 epimutation and/or maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 should also be considered in case of “Silver-Russell syndrome-like” phenotypes, for example, mild intrauterine growth restriction and postnatal growth retardation associated with a prominent forehead and triangular face or asymmetry as the only clinical signs. In particular, the lack of intrauterine growth restriction in patients with a Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotype should not automatically result in exclusion from molecular testing.
Inorganic mercury binding with different sulfur species in anoxic sediments and their gut juice extractions
Authors: Zhong Huan , Wang Wen-Xiong 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A Abstract—To investigate the roles of different sulfur (S) species in controlling the partitioning and bioavailability of inorganic mercury (Hg) in anoxic sediments, we examined the differential binding of Hg with three key S species in anoxic sediment (mackinawite [FeS], pyrite [FeS2], and S2−) and then quantified their extraction by the gut juice of deposit-feeding sipunculans Sipunculus nudus. A sequential extraction method was simultaneously used to distinguish Hg sorption with different sediment components. All three Scontaining sediment components could lead to a high binding of Hg in sediments, but most Hg was sorbed with FeS or FeS2 instead of formation of Hg sulfide despite the presence of S2− or humic acid. The gut juice extraction was relatively low and constant whenever FeS and FeS2 were in the sediment, indicating that both FeS and FeS2 controlled the Hg gut juice extraction and thus bioavailability. Mercury sorbed with FeS2 had higher gut juice extraction than that with FeS, while Hg sulfide was not extracted, strongly suggesting that Hg sorbed with FeS2 was more bioavailable than that with other S species. Mercury sorbed with FeS had very low bioavailability to sipunculans at a low Hg:S ratio in the sediment but was more bioavailable with increasing Hg:S ratio up to a maximum (∼1:10, mole based). The present study showed that different S species (FeS, FeS2) and Hg:S ratios significantly affected the binding and bioavailability of Hg in anoxic sediments.
Maximizing the Effective Fracture Half-Length to Influence Well Spacing
Authors: Cherian Bilu , Fields Kirk , Crissman Seth , Itibrout Tarik , Yates Malcolm 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The key to the success of a tight-gas field development program in a fluvial environment is to understand the reservoir's deliverability and what the optimum fracture half-length is as a function of geological setting and stress state. The application and appropriate modification of basin best practices and the application of technology for reservoir characterization can shorten the learning curve of an operator in the development of a basin.
Numerous completion strategies (Limited Entry, high rate limited entry, and various Pin-point Stimulation Techniques) were implemented with an appropriate data collection strategy to evaluate and compare well performance. Micro seismic data, tracer logs, and pump-in data were used to calibrate and constrain appropriate fracture evaluation models (P3D and 3D). Rate-transient production analysis techniques, together with statistical data techniques were incorporated to evaluate stimulation techniques (proppant & fluid volumes) and to validate the differences/ similarities observed between micro-seismic and fracture-propagation model predicted lengths.
This paper demonstrates how reservoir characterization and completion understanding via the use of calibrated fracture propagation models and production analysis tools have enabled the evaluation of the technology used and the acceleration of the learning curve to achieve significant impact on gas production rates and downhole flowing pressures.
HydraJet Testing under Deep Well Conditions Defines New Requirements for Hard-Rock Perforating
Authors: Surjaatmadja Jim B. , Bailey Andrew , Sierra Silverio 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The use of hydrajetting for perforating wells has been common since the sixties. During those early years, wells were relatively shallow and jetting success was consistently demonstrated. However, as wells were drilled to depths where rock formations were harder, performance of hydrajetting became less dependable because subsequent stimulation failures occurred more often from the lack of fracture initiation.
To help prevent this situation, a series of tests were performed to define new best practices for hydrajet perforating of rock under high ambient pressure. Various rocks were subjected to the tests that were conducted using different jetting pressures and abrasives. To better understand the jetting behavior, the mechanical characteristics (such as Young's Moduli, Poisson's Ratios, and compressive strengths) and chemical structures were also evaluated.
This paper discusses various tests results, and new constraints for jetting are defined and presented.
Pinpoint Fracturing Using a Multiple-Cutting Process
Authors: Houser Jessica , Hernandez Rafael 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
This case-history paper describes methods of perforating and fracturing with coiled tubing (CT) in the South Belridge Field of California. Techniques presented in this paper allowed the operating company (OC) to fracture-stimulate multiple zones in a single trip of the CT. Each zone received fracturing treatments individually without affecting other zones. By employing a procedure developed for use in the wells of the Belridge Field that involves performing two perforating cuts (using a 5-ft tool twice) in one hydrajetting operation, using 90-mesh sand and allowing decreased circulation overflush volumes, the OC was able to double the number of perforations in each producing interval, thereby increasing the area of formation treated and the amount of proppant placed in each interval while decreasing total volume of fluid used per treatment stage.
Procedures presented are applicable in production areas where multiple pay zones require fracture stimulation. Without application of pinpoint-stimulation techniques, stimulation fluid applied to a long interval will likely enter the zone presenting the least resistance and consequently bypass other zones without stimulating them at all. Operators have solved this problem in the past by using the perf-and-plug technique, which is effective, but also slow and expensive. The CT-conveyed, pinpoint stimulation (PPS) process reduces the duration of the fracturing process for all zones from days to hours. The prominent feature of the PPS process is hydrajet-assisted fracturing (HJAF) using wellbore sand plugs immediately placed after each frac stage (Gilbert et al. 2005; Hejl et al. 2006, East et al. 2008).
Before switching to pinpoint stimulation by CT, the OC treated its wells by conventional fracturing methods, usually treating three zones with each frac stage. Interval lengths were from 150 to 250 ft, and the treating-fluid stage volume was large to deliver enough proppant for the large interval. The pumping rate was about 40 bbl/min to accommodate the interval length. However, radioactive-tracer logs run after all the frac operations showed some intervals were not treated with frac sand. With the HJAF process, the OC was able to treat each interval equally, with assurance that each pay zone was fracture-stimulated. Treating deeper zones was easier than before, and higher proppant concentrations and increased proppant volumes could then be placed in each interval. The use of the 90-mesh sand (instead of 20/40 size) for the perforating cuts allowed decreased volumes of fluid to be circulated. This method greatly reduced stage pump times and therefore, has reduced fracture-stimulation costs for the OC.