bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The severity and duration of depression and the anabolic balance
Authors: Kochetkov Y. , Gorobets L. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectivesIn recent years many investigators have paid attention to anabolic balance in depression. They highlight the importance of the ratio of anabolic and catabolic processes for prognosis of the outcome of depression. Some researchers suppose that cortisol/DHEAS ratio and growth hormone (GH) are important markers of anabolic balance. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of severity and duration of depression on the anabolic balance in depressionMethods79 patients with depressive episode were examined (F 32.0-2), 64 males and 15 females. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS). Anxiety was evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Blood samples were drawn before antidepressant treatment. Serum DHEAS, cortisol and growth hormone levels were measured using ELISA kits.ResultsThere was a negative correlation between cortisol level and duration of depression (r = - 0,47, p = 0,037). Cortisol/DHEAS ratio in patients with severe depression was significantly lower than in patient with mild depression (287 ± 89 and 374 ± 87, respectively, P = 0,002). Patients with early stage of depression have increased levels of catabolic hormones that have positive correlation with the severity of anxiety. Patients with long duration of depression have decreased levels of both anabolic and catabolic hormones.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that depression can cause serious changes in the balance of anabolic and catabolic hormones. We can assume that the long duration of depression can cause exhaustion of HPA-axis.
Alexithymia and pain experience in depressive patients
Authors: Sokolowska K. , Gorniak E. , Kowalska A. , Wydra K. , Krysta K. , Krupka-Matuszczyk I. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAlexithymia appears as an inhibition of recognizing and describing the mental conditions. It is often connected with psychosomatic illness or depression.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare depressive patients with healthy persons in terms of the prevelence and level of the alexithymia and pain feeling.MethodsThe examined group (E) consists of 16 patients with diagnosed depression (11 women, 44,6±11,6 year old).The control group (C) consists of 14 randomly chosen persons (10 women, 40,0+/-15,3 year old) who achieved < 11 points in the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI).The alexithymia level was examined with TAS - 26 questionnaire (difficulty of recognizing the feelings and somatic senses (ODR), concrete thinking (MK), difficulty of expressing the feelings (TRW) and the lack of imagination (U)). The intensity of pain was examined with the questionnaire SF-MPQ. The scale BPCQ was used to examine beliefs about pain control.ResultsNo statistical differences about age, sex, the U feature in TAS-26 scale and the results of BPCQ test were shown. The differences beetween groups E and C appeared in the alexithymia intensity range (75,3 ± 14,4 v.62,4 ± 8,2pts, p = 007), the ODR feature (23,7 ± 6,7 v. 13,0 ± 4,1pts, p< 0,001), MK (18,9 ± 4 v.23,1 ± 5,3pts, p = 0,036) and TRW (13,4 ± 2,6 v. 9,6 ± 2,8pts, p = 0,001). The E group featured significantly higher pain intensity(p = 0,012).ConclusionsThe patients with depression suffer from alexithymia very often. The prevalence of upper difficulties and great intensity of pain could suggest a psychotomatic component of pain affections.
Sense of guilt and anxiety in depression
Authors: Gojowy A. , Kowalska A. , Skowronek R. , Niedzielska H. , Ukrainska M. , Rzepka M. , Krysta K. , Krupka-Matuszczyk I. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionDepression is a significant problem of our civilization. It is said that 10–20% of basic health care patients have depressive disorder. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial. Guilt feeling is one of accessory symptoms, but only small part of psychiatric literature is concerned with this problem.AimsThe aim of the study was to find the correlation between guilt feeling and the level of depression and anxiety.MethodsThe study group involved 20 patients with depression diagnosed with ICD-10 criteria (14 females and 6 men aged 40–69 years). The depression level was determined using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The anxiety was assessed using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and guilt feeling using Interpersonal Guilt Questionnaire-67 (IGQ-67).ResultsThe results were statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel. 5 patients didn’t have symptoms of depression in last week, 11 have mild-moderate and 4 moderate-severe depression. Weak, but not statistically significant correlations between interpersonal guilt feeling and the level of depression (r = 0,319), anxiety as state (r = -0,395) and anxiety as trait (r = 0,298) were found. Statistically significant was correlation between age and state anxiety (r = 0,138; p = 0,037).ConclusionsThere is no evidence of relationship between interpersonal guilt feeling and the severity of depression and anxiety. In elderly patients with depressive disorder the level of state anxiety is higher. It may be significant to the effectiveness of applied therapy.
When to call it quits - a case report
Authors: Kumar A. , Rao K.P. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionWe present a case report highlighting the central role of psychiatrist in care coordination in spite of current trends when care is fragmented and provided by specialist teams. The importance of organic causation in bio-psycho-social case formulation and its treatment is emphasized.ObjectivesTo demonstrate the range of skills employed by practicing psychiatrist in optimising the care of the patients.AimsThe role of Psychiatrists in managing risk in the suicidal patient with depressive illness is paramount and central.MethodThe highlights in a patient’s journey are revisited via a review of medical notes.ResultsThe opinions of allied professionals and the split in the team in addressing heightened suicide risk is highlighted. The emphasis is placed on reflecting on when to end active management and consider a maintenance postion for the patient.ConclusionsThe concept of continuity of care and specialist knowledge of person in enhancing quality of care and optimising the patient outcome is firmly established.
Examination of the relation of smoking habit with the appearance of anxiety and depression at mental health professionals
Authors: Kyloudis P. , Wozniak G. , Rekliti M. , Georgiadis M. , Tsipras K. , Roupa Z. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAnxiety is considered to be a situation of agony, anguish and is being experienced as psychological pressure. At Mental Health Professionals’ work environment, a lot of factors may contribute to anxiety appearance and create the conditions of depression symptomatology development. The smoking habit is being connected with a great range of psychiatric diagnosis, including anxiety and depression.AimOf this study was the examination of the relationship of smoking habit with the appearance of anxiety and depression at Mental Health Professionals.Materials/method317 mental health professionals were being examined (144 male, 173 female, with medieval age 38, 64 ± 7,945 years) and their smoking habits were recorded. For anxiety and depression examination the DSSI/Sad QUESTIONNAIRE was being used. The analysis of data was done by the use of statistical package SPSS 16.0.ResultsSmokers have higher levels of depression (t(315) = 2,417, p = 0,016) as well as of anxiety (t(315) = 2,219, p = 0,027). However no one of the specific degrees was related with the number of cigarettes smoked by smokers (r = 0,022, p = 0,777 for depression, r = 0,133, p = 0,084 for anxiety)ConclusionsThe smoking habit appeared to be related with anxiety and depression, it cannot although be considered as the reason but as the result of emotional difficulty of the participants. Even though smoking decreases the privative symptoms, it does not decrease the anxiety and the depression or the confrontation of their deeper reasons. It is being seen the need of development and materialization of interventions of effective support for Mental Health Professional at their own work environment.
The antidepressant efficacy of agomelatine in daily practice: Results of the non-interventional study VIVALDI
Authors: Laux G. 
Published: May 2011

ObjectiveAgomelatine is a melatonergic agonist and 5-HT2C antagonist with demonstrated antidepressant efficacy in clinical trials. The aim of the non-interventional study VIVALDI was to examine the antidepressant efficacy and tolerability of agomelatine in depressed patients in daily practice.Methods3317 outpatients aged > 18 years with first or recurrent depressive episodes were observed by 665 German psychiatrists over 12 weeks. Patients were treated with agomelatine 25–50 mg once daily at bedtime. Antidepressant efficacy was evaluated by the svMADRS (short version MADRS) and CGI scales, effects on sleep and daily activity by a patient questionnaire (CircScreen).ResultsAt inclusion, patients showed moderate to severe depression (svMADRS: 0 = 30.6), demonstrating an steady and marked clinical improvement during the 12 weeks of agomelatine treatment (svMADRS: 0 = 12.8). The responder rate (≥50% reduction of svMADRS) rose steadily from 12.3% (2 weeks) to 42.7% (6 weeks) and 65.8% (12 weeks). After 3 months, 54.8% of patients were in remission (svMADRS ≤12). On the CGI scale, 22.8% of patients responded (CGI-I ≤2) after 2 weeks and 72.4% after 12 weeks of treatment with agomelatine. Decrease in repeated and early morning awakenings, and increase daily activities were observed after 12 weeks in 81.5%, 82% and 56.6% of patients, respectively. The tolerability of agomelatine was good.ConclusionThe antidepressant efficacy of agomelatine on depressive symptoms and daytime activities, as well as its tolerability observed in controlled trials were confirmed by the results of the non-interventional study VIVALDI.
Overactivation of the middle cingulate cortex and the caudate nucleus as neural correlates of the familial liability to major depressiive disorder
Authors: Lisiecka D. , Carballedo A. , Fagan A.J. , Connolly G. , Meaney J. , Frodl T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionUnaffected healthy 1st degree relatives of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are 3.6 times more liable to develop the disease themselves than the standard population without the history of the disorder. Neural correlates of this liability are of particular interest since the phenomenon does not always have behavioral manifestations and early detected can enhance quicker and better MDD prevention.ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to establish neuronal correlates of susceptibility MDD in unaffected healthy 1st degree relatives of patients with MDD. Inhibition of emotional information was examined in the present study.AimsThe aim of the study was to better understand the development of MDD and the role of altered inhibition of emotional processing in it. That, in consequence, may contribute to establishing new methods of prevention and quicker detection of MDD liability.MethodsTwenty-one unaffected healthy 1st degree relatives of patients with MDD and twenty-five matched healthy controls underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging procedure with a task involving inhibition of emotional processing of positive, negative and neutral emotional information. 2 × 3 ANOVA was performed to establish if the two groups differed significantly in the inhibition of one of the three types of emotions.ResultsThe unaffected healthy 1st degree relatives displayed an increased neural activation during the inhibition of negative emotional information in the bilateral middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and the left caudate nucleus (p< 0.05, family wise error).ConclusionsThe overactivation of the MCC and caudate nucleus can be a marker of MDD liability
Chronic agomelatine administration modulates neuronal plasticity markers in the rat prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala
Authors: Ladurelle N. , Potard C. , Gabriel-Gracia C. , Mocaër E. , Beaulieu E. , Bianchi M. 
Published: May 2011

Neuronal plasticity alterations including cytoskeletal dynamics and synaptic markers have been recently associated with the treatment of major depression. Here we investigated the effects of agomelatine, a novel antidepressant with melatonergic (MT1/MT2) agonist and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist properties, on cytoskeletal microtubular proteins and synaptic markers in the rat hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala.Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received daily i.p. administration of hydroxyethylcellulose 1% (vehicle) or agomelatine (40mg/kg) for 22 days. The rats were then sacrificed and hippocampi, PFC and amygdala dissected for analyses of microtubule dynamics markers (Tyr/Glu-Tub, Delta2-Tub and Acet-Tub) and synaptic markers (synaptophysin, PSD-95 and spinophilin) by Western blot.In the PFC, agomelatine decreased Tyr/Glu-Tub and the neuronal-specific Delta2-Tub, suggesting decreased microtubule dynamics. In contrast, in the hippocampus Tyr/Glu-Tub and Delta2-Tub were increased, indicative of enhanced microtubule dynamics. A similar pattern to those seen in the hippocampus, but of higher magnitude, was observed in the amygdala where an important increase of Tyr/Glu-Tub accompanied by a decrease of the stable form Acet-Tub was observed. These findings were paralleled by decreased hippocampal spinophilin (dendritic spines marker), increased synaptophysin (pre-synaptic marker) and spinophilin in the PFC and amygdala and increased PSD-95 (post-synaptic marker) in the amygdala, all consistent with synaptic remodelling phenomena.Taken together, these data shown that chronic agomelatine induces a differential modulation of microtubule dynamics and synaptic markers in the rat hippocampus, PFC and amygdala. These findings may have a particular relevance considering the fundamental role of these three brain areas in depression.
The antidepressant agomelatine reduces fear long term memory but not acquisition or short term expression of fear memories
Authors: Diaz-Mataix L. , Mocaër E. , Seguin L. , Ledoux J.E. 
Published: May 2011

Alterations in fear learning processes may be implicated in mood disorders. Fear learning has been investigated with Pavlovian classical fear conditioning paradigms, consisting of pairing a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS), such as a tone, with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a footshock. Upon subsequent exposure, the CS is perceived as aversive and provokes a fear response.The novel antidepressant agomelatine acts as a melatonergic receptor agonist and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. Its antidepressant action was demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies. Agomelatine has also anxiolytic properties. The aim of this study was to determine how acute agomelatine treatment might differentially alter fear circuits by using auditory fear conditioning in the rat.A single pre-training injection of agomelatine (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally) significantly reduced freezing to the fear arousing CS 24 hours after training but not during training or 3 hours after training. This pattern of results is consistent with an effect on the consolidation of the fear memory. A single pre-testing injection of agomelatine had no effect on conditioned fear expression.These effects of agomelatine should be considered in relation to its antidepressant action. Agomelatine achieved a reduction of fear conditioning in a single dose, while classical SSRIs only reduced fear conditioning after chronic treatment. This finding is consistent with clinical studies suggesting a faster onset of action of agomelatine than classical SSRI treatment.
Risk factors for depression in young adulthood: pessimism, dysfunctional attitudes and neuroticism
Authors: Monteiro S. , Fernandes da Silva C. , Pereira A. , Vaz Serra A. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMajor depression was the fourth most important determinant of the burden of human disease in 1990 and is expected to rank second in the world by 2020.ObjectivesAs the causes of depression are complex, the identification of modifiable risk and protective factors, and understanding the processes through which they operate is crucial.AimsThe main aim of the present study is to identify potential risk factors to the development of depression.MethodsA total of 304 college students completed an on line questionnaire which assessed: depressive symptomathology (IACLIDE; Vaz Serra, 1994), pessimism (LOTR; Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994), dysfunctional attitudes (DAS; Weissman & Beck, 1978) and neuroticism (EPQ; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1969).ResultsThe main results indicated that pessimism, dysfunctional attitudes, and neuroticism correlated significantly and positively with depressive symptomathology.ConclusionsThe results suggested that pessimism, dysfunctional attitudes, and neuroticism can be considered risk factors for depression and important variables to be included in the depression prevention program under development. Overall, the results of this study indicate that understanding the relationships between these variables may be important to the prevention of depression.
Role of neurogenesis in distinguishing relevant from irrelevant memories
Authors: Moreno M. , Glennon E. , Thiru L. , Sexton C. , Coplan J.D. , Dwork A. , Sackeim H. , Fenton A. , Perera T. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundIn this study we examine potential mechanisms by which the stimulation of hippocampal neurogenesis may generate an antidepressant effect.MethodsStudy-1: Adult male rats (N = 24) were trained to segregate relevant from irrelevant spatial cues (spatial segregation); tested on this task four and 8-weeks late; then exposed (on week 8) to a modified version of the task that conflicted with the memory of the initially learned experience (mnemonic segregation); and then euthanized to detect hippocampal neurogenesis. Study-2: Adult rats (N = 24) were trained in the spatial segregation task; three-days later, half were re-tested on the same task and half the tested on the modified task (mnemonic segregation); and euthanized immediately to detect neurons that were synaptically active during task performance.ResultsStudy-1: Good performers on the modified task (mnemonic segregation) had significantly greater rates of hippocampal neurogenesis, but the increase was only in immature neurons and not in new neurons that had completed maturation. Performance on spatial segregation task was unrelated to proficiency in mnemonic segregation or rates of neurogenesis. Study-2: Performance on the mnemonic segregation unrelated to neurogenesis rates, but inversely correlated to synaptic activation of mature hippocampal neurons, which in turn inversely correlated with immature neuron rates.ConclusionTaken together, the data suggests that neurogenesis facilitates detection of subtle changes to experiences established over several weeks (not days); this occurs prior to forming synapses; and maybe associated with suppression of mature hippocampal neurons that presumably mediate older, interfering, experiences.
Moderate exercise improves quality of life in patients with non-remitted major depression disorder
Authors: Mota Pereira J. , Silvério J. , Ribeiro J.C. , Carvalho S. , Fonte D. , Saavedra I. , Ramos J. 
Published: May 2011

Prospective, randomized, two-arm, parallel assignment. 150 individuals diagnosed with major depression disorder (MDD) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria, taking combined therapy in doses considered appropriate for at least 9 months, without showing clinical remission, defined as having an HAMD17 total score ≤ 7, attending the out-patient psychiatry clinic, were initially screened through an interview with a psychiatrist. Those meeting study criteria were randomized to one of two groups: control and aerobic exercise. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. All participants provided written informed consent. Study protocol Exercise group: individuals were assigned moderate intensity exercise, in addition to their usual pharmacological therapy. Control group: individuals who were not assigned any exercise and remained taking their usual pharmacological therapy. Both groups maintained the pharmacological therapy unchanged during the 12 week study period. All participants were evaluated at baseline (time 0: before starting the physical activity program), and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks for depressive symptoms, functional assessment and Quality of Life.ResultsResults show that participants in the exercise group improved their quality of life parameters, suggesting that exercise could be an effective therapeutic adjuvant for non-remitted MDD patients.
Moderate exercise improves depression parameters in patients with non-remitted major depressive disorder
Authors: Mota Pereira J. , Carvalho S. , Silvério J. , Ribeiro J.C. , Fonte D. , Saavedra I. , Ribeiro da Silva M.H. , Ramos J. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIn recent years, physical exercise has shown some promising results as an adjuvant therapy for several psychological disorders. However, and due to the different populations, settings and exercise programs, not all studies have shown a positive association.AimsTo assess the effect of a moderate intensity 12 week exercise program on depression and functional parameters in a population sample of patients with non-remitted Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).MethodsStudy design Prospective, randomized, two-arm, parallel assignment. Population 150 individuals diagnosed with MDD according to DSM-IV criteria, taking combined therapy in doses considered appropriate for at least 9 months, without showing clinical remission, defined as having an HAMD17 total score ≤ 7, attending the out-patient psychiatry clinic, were initially screened through an interview with a psychiatrist. Those meeting study criteria were randomized to one of two groups: control (N = 11) and aerobic exercise (N = 22). Study protocol Exercise group: moderate intensity exercise program for 12 weeks, in addition to their usual pharmacological therapy. Control group: regular daily activities and their usual pharmacological therapy. Assessed parameters HAMD17, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression Scale - Severity (CGI-S).ResultsParticipants in the exercise group showed better depression and functional parameters at the end of the study, both compared to the beginning of the study and compared to the control group (lower HAMD17, BDI and CGI-S and higher GAF, p < 0.05).ConclusionsResults suggest that exercise could be an effective adjuvant therapy for non-remitted MDD patients.
The study of the relationship between satisfaction with life and trust in among undergraudate students
Authors: Naderi M.M. 
Published: May 2011

Nowadays Spirituality Plays curtail role in psychology and mental health to extent that the finding prove the positive role of religion in mental health. This positive role becomes prominent when a researcher put aside religion pretence in this study. Because when religiosity is based on external environmental, social, sources. It has no effect on mental health. If it is for a Persons own sake and spirituality. There is no doubt that it performs positive role in mental health. This study attempts to study the relationship between satisfaction with life and the extent of trust in god among university students.MethodologyIn this descriptive - analytic study 150 university student were asked to fill in the satisfaction with life Scale (SWLS) and trust (21question).The data is analyzed by SPSS software and chi-sqdne statistical tests.Finding1-There is significant relationship between satisfaction with life scal & extent of students trust in God.2-The more the extents of students trust in God the more their satisfaction life scale is.3-There is no significant relationship between satisfaction with life scal and students trust extent in terms of education, birth order, sex, age variable.