bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between platelet reactivity and infarct-related artery patency in patients presenting with a ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Breet Nicoline J. , van Werkum Jochem W. , Bouman Heleen J. , Kelder Johannes C. , Hackeng Christian M. , ten Berg Jurriën M. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryBoth heightened platelet reactivity and an occluded infarct related artery (IRA) on initial angiography and at the time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are associated with a worsened clinical outcome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the relationship between platelet reactivity and IRA patency has not yet been established. Consecutive STEMI-patients were enrolled in this study. Patients who had TIMI-flow (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) 0 or 1 on initial angiography constituted the occluded IRA group and patients having TIMI-flow 2 or 3 comprised the IRA patent group. Platelet function measurements were performed using the PFA-100 COL/ADP cartridge and light transmittance aggregometry without agonist (spontaneous) and after stimulation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA). Ninety-nine patients were enrolled, of whom 49 presented with an occluded IRA. Multivariate analysis identified the following independent factors to be associated with an occluded IRA; short COL/ADP closure time (ORper quartile increase= 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39-.93; p=0.02), the 20 μM ADP-induced light transmittance aggregometry (ORper quartile increase =1.77; 95% CI, 1.15–l2.73; p=0.01) and leukocyte counts (odds ratio [OR]=1.21; 95% CI, 1.05–1.39; p = 0.008). In conclusion, heightened platelet reactivity and elevated leukocyte counts are associated with an occluded IRA upon presentation in STEMI-patients. These results emphasise the importance of potent antithrombotic therapy early after the onset of symptoms, to obtain early recanalisation of the IRA.
What's New in Legal Cooperation in Criminal Matters with Russia since 2004?
Authors: Norros Merja 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe present article examines what has happened in Russia in the field of legal cooperation in criminal matters since 2004. The retrospective approach has been chosen in order to update the article published in this Review in 2004 which included several recommendations for Russia to improve its system for international cooperation. The current work subjects these recommendations and developments in the area to a critical review.
Since 2004, there have been no major innovations in Russian legislation regarding legal cooperation in criminal matters. Interestingly enough, Russia took a misstep, when it abolished the concept of confiscation in criminal law. The resolution of this experiment indicates that there has been some degree of improvement in the procedure concerning implementation of new treaties. As regards extradition cases, several difficulties were foreseen already in 2004 and, indeed, some of them have been realized—in particular, concerning those Russian requests for extradition that have political connotations. When it comes to institutional structures, the number of "Central Authorities" has not been reduced. The system is still highly centralized in Moscow. On the basis of the author's experience, the knowledge of international treaties and their application—to some extent—has increased among Russian practitioners.
The author suggests continuing cooperation with Russia in various international fora as well as on a daily basis in handling concrete cross-border cases. In her opinion, legal assistance in criminal matters is a fairly narrow field of expertise and, therefore, a challenging "form of art" for any person involved.
Enforcing the liferenter's obligation to repair: Roman law, ' ius commune ' and Scots law
Authors: Hellwege Phillip 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA liferenter has the right to use the fiar's property. Furthermore, he has the right to possession. Only after the termination of the liferent, the fiar can take up the possession and the use of the property himself. In the meantime, the fiar will want the liferenter to maintain the property, e.g., to carry out repairs. In Roman law, the liferenter was first only under an enforceable obligation to repair if he had rendered the cautio usufructuaria. However, in the further development of Roman law an actio in factum emerged in order to enforce the liferenter's duty to repair even if no cautio usufructuaria had been given. The exact point of time when this actio was developed is unclear. It is suggested that it emerged towards the end of the era of classical Roman law. During the time of the ius commune it was uncontested that the liferenter's duty to repair was enforceable even if no cautio usufructuaria had been given. As a consequence the liferenter did not have to nd caution in every case but only if the liferenter's conduct gave rise to fear a material infringement of the fiar's rights. The cause to revisit the question of the enforceability of the liferenter's duty to repair in its historical development is a decision of the Scottish Court of Session in 2002.
Positing Language Relationships Using ALINE
Authors: Lonsdale Deryle , Huff Paul 
Published: June 2011

AbstractSeveral methods for determining a numerical distance between languages have been proposed in the literature. In this paper we implement one of them, the ALINE distance. We also develop a methodology for comparing its results with other language distance metrics. In particular, we generate trees from distance matrices created by the language distance metrics using two different algorithms developed by computational biologists: Neighbor Joining and UPGMA. We compare these automatically generated trees with expert trees based on those compiled by the Ethnologue project using a tree distance metric also developed by computational biologists. By determining how close the trees generated using the language distance metrics are to the expert trees, we are able to compare different language distance metrics with one another. We compare the ALINE distance with another leading metric, the LDND distance, proposed by the ASJP project. Both metrics perform similarly on the datasets processed, though details differ in sometimes interesting ways.
Impacts of Climate Change on the Growing Season in the United States
Authors: Christiansen Daniel E. , Markstrom Steven L. , Hay Lauren E. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of climate change on the vegetative growing season is key to quantifying future hydrologic water budget conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey modeled changes in future growing season length at 14 basins across 11 states. Simulations for each basin were generated using five general circulation models with three emission scenarios as inputs to the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS). PRMS is a deterministic, distributed-parameter, watershed model developed to simulate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, climate, and land use on watershed response. PRMS was modified to include a growing season calculation in this study. The growing season was examined for trends in the total length (annual), as well as changes in the timing of onset (spring) and the end (fall) of the growing season. The results showed an increase in the annual growing season length in all 14 basins, averaging 27–47 days for the three emission scenarios. The change in the spring and fall growing season onset and end varied across the 14 basins, with larger increases in the total length of the growing season occurring in the mountainous regions and smaller increases occurring in the Midwest, Northeast, and Southeast regions. The Clear Creek basin, 1 of the 14 basins in this study, was evaluated to examine the growing season length determined by emission scenario, as compared to a growing season length fixed baseline condition. The Clear Creek basin showed substantial variation in hydrologic responses, including streamflow, as a result of growing season length determined by emission scenario.
Impact of Sea Surface Temperature and Soil Moisture on Summer Precipitation in the United States Based on Observational Data
Authors: Mei Rui , Wang Guiling 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study examines the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) and soil moisture on summer precipitation over two regions of the United States (the upper Mississippi River basin and the Great Plains) based on data from observation and observation-forced model simulations (in the case of soil moisture). Results from SST–precipitation correlation analysis show that spatially averaged SST of identified oceanic areas are better predictors than derived SST patterns from the EOF analysis and that both predictors are strongly associated with the Pacific Ocean. Results from conditioned soil moisture–precipitation correlation analysis show that the impact of soil moisture on precipitation differs between the outer-quartiles years (with summer precipitation amount in the first and fourth quartiles) and inner-quartiles years (with summer precipitation amount in the second and third quartiles), and also between the high- and low-skill SST years (categorized according to the skill of SST-based precipitation prediction). Specifically, the soil moisture–precipitation feedback is more likely to be positive and significant in the outer-quartiles years and in the years when the skill of precipitation prediction based on SST alone is low. This study indicates that soil moisture should be included as a useful predictor in precipitation prediction, and the resulting improvement in prediction skills will be especially substantial during years of large precipitation anomalies. It also demonstrates the complexity of the impact of SST and soil moisture on precipitation, and underlines the important complementary roles both SST and soil moisture play in determining precipitation.
Energy conservation potential of an indirect and direct evaporative cooling assisted 100% outdoor air system
Authors: Kim MH , Kim JH , Kwon OH , Choi AS , Jeong JW 
Published: June 2011

This study aims to present the fundamentals in which operation of a 100% outdoor air system integrates with indirect and direct evaporative cooling systems and to estimate its energy saving potential. The simulation of the proposed system is performed using a commercial equation solver program, and the annual operation energy saving potential with respect to a conventional variable air volume system is determined. This paper shows that significant operation energy savings (i.e. 21–51% less energy consumption) is possible principally by the pre-conditioning of supply air due to the waste heat recovery using the indirect evaporative cooler and the sensible heat exchanger units. By components, the proposed system shows a 16–25% less annual cooling coil load and an 80–87% reduced annual heating coil load with respect to the conventional variable air volume system, while there is no fan energy savings expected. Practical applications: This paper provides practical insight on how the evaporative cooling based 100% outdoor air system operates and how each essential component, such as the indirect evaporative cooler, cooling coil, direct evaporative cooler, heating coil and sensible heat exchanger should be controlled during the seasons for realising energy conservation benefits. The sequence of operation presented in this paper can be implemented to actual control logic.
Safety and efficacy of femoral artery closure with the FemoSeal® device after coronary angiography using a 7 French sheath
Authors: Wanitschek MM , Suessenbacher A , Dörler J , Pachinger O , Moes N , Alber HF 
Published: June 2011

Post-cardiac catheterization femoral artery hemostasis can be accomplished with several mechanisms, including the FemoSeal® hemostasis device which has been designed and approved for closure of 6 French (F) arterial puncture sites. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the FemoSeal® vascular closure device can effectively and safely seal 7F arterial puncture sites after diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterizations. Femoral artery puncture sites of 50 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were closed with the FemoSeal® vascular closure device, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Efficacy endpoints were time to hemostasis and successful ambulation. Safety endpoints included bleeding complications, vessel occlusion and pseudoaneurysms. Mean time to hemostasis was 57.8±26.3 seconds (0-125 seconds). Hemostasis was achieved in 100 percent of the 50 patients. One patient suffered minor bleeding the next day, i.e. local hematoma. This clinical study demonstrates that the FemoSeal® vascular closure device, initially approved for closure of 6F arterial puncture sites, shows promising efficacy and safety to seal a larger (7F) femoral arterial puncture sites after diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterizations.
Some Reflections on the Global and Asia-Pacific Situations in Occupational Health Education and Training
Authors: Phoon WO , Chia KS , Jeyaratnam J , Koh D 
Published: June 2011

In the last two decades, there have been dramatic developments in the field of occupational health. With it, the importance of occupational health training and education is greatly appreciated. In a worldwide questionnaire survey on occupational health teaching in schools of medicine, 69.9% of the schools have some form of occupational health teaching for medical undergraduates. The total number of hours varies considerably but on average is 32.7 hours. Some occupational health teaching might however have been classified under other subject headings. In the Asia-Pacific region, several postgraduate degree courses were recently established. Continuing educational courses and short courses are on the rise. To take advantage of the existing primary health care systems, special courses for public health workers and primary health care personnel have been conducted. In the past, interest in occupational health education and training tended to be overshadowed by advances in epidemiology and pathogenesis of occupational diseases. Based on our experience over the past few years, occupational health training and education will gather greater momentum worldwide and in the Asia-Pacific region in particular.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions Related to Drug Abuse In Peninsula Malaysia: A Survey Report
Authors: Low Wah-Yun , Zulkifil Siti Norazah , Yusof Khairuddin , Batumalai Saroja , Aye Klrin Win 
Published: June 2011

Given the magnitude of drug addiction in Malaysia, the government has given top priority to this issue. It is timely that an assessement of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions related to drug abuse and drug dependents among the general public be carried out. Thus, a nationwide survey was undertaken. A representative sample of 2, 591 respondents aged 13 years and above from households were surveyed throughout the 11 states and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur in Peninsula Malaysia. The results revealed that the respondents are moderately knowledgeable on drug abuse, especially information pertaining to treatment, rehabilitation and aftercare services, including education to families against drug abuse. The public possess a negative attitude towards drug dependents. Majority felt that drug addicts do not have the will power to rid themselves of drugs and they also lack a supportive family network system. Many believe that the most vulnerable group are the adolescents. Respondents were aware of the type of drugs commonly abused, although they failed to realise their long-term effects. Respondents do not attribute low education, large family and marginal income to the background of drug dependents. The findings showed gaps and misconceptions in terms of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the public. Accurate knowledge on, and right attitudes and perceptions towards drug related issues would certainly benefit the public in timely prevention of drug abuse.
Differential and tumor-specific expression of CD160 in B-cell malignancies
Authors: Farren Timothy W. , Giustiniani Jerome , Liu Feng-Ting , Tsitsikas Dimitris A. , Macey Marion G. , Cavenagh James D. , Oakervee Heather E. , Taussig David , Newland Adrian C. , Calaminici Maria , Bensussan Armand , Jenner Michael , Gribben John G. , Agrawal Samir G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCD160 is a human natural killer (NK)-cell–activating receptor that is also expressed on T-cell subsets. In the present study, we examined 811 consecutive cases of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B-LPDs), and demonstrated CD160 expression in 98% (590 of 600) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases, 100% (32 of 32) of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) cases, 15% (5 of 34) of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in the leukemic phase, and 16% (23 of 145) of other B-LPD cases. CD160 transcript and protein were absent in the normal B-cell hierarchy, from stem cells, B-cell precursors, maturing B cells in the germinal center, and circulating B cells, including CD5+CD19+ B1 cells in umbilical cord. CD160 positivity was significantly higher in CLL and HCL in terms of percentage (65.9% and 67.8%, respectively, P < .0001) and median fluorescence intensity (552 and 857, respectively, P < .0001) compared with all other B-LPD cases. Lymph node CLL samples were also CD160+. Using the disease-specific expression of CD5, CD23, and CD160, a score of 3 characterized CLL (diagnostic odds ratio, 1430); a score of 0 excluded CLL, MCL, and HCL; and the CD23/CD5 ratio differentiated CLL from leukemic CD23+ MCL. In the B-cell lineage, CD160 is a tumor-specific antigen known to mediate cellular activation signals in CLL, and is a novel target for therapeutic manipulation and monitoring of minimal residual disease.
Predicting drug side-effect profiles: a chemical fragment-based approach
Authors: Pauwels Edouard , Stoven Véronique , Yamanishi Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
Drug side-effects, or adverse drug reactions, have become a major public health concern. It is one of the main causes of failure in the process of drug development, and of drug withdrawal once they have reached the market. Therefore, in silico prediction of potential side-effects early in the drug discovery process, before reaching the clinical stages, is of great interest to improve this long and expensive process and to provide new efficient and safe therapies for patients.

Results
In the present work, we propose a new method to predict potential side-effects of drug candidate molecules based on their chemical structures, applicable on large molecular databanks. A unique feature of the proposed method is its ability to extract correlated sets of chemical substructures (or chemical fragments) and side-effects. This is made possible using sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA). In the results, we show the usefulness of the proposed method by predicting 1385 side-effects in the SIDER database from the chemical structures of 888 approved drugs. These predictions are performed with simultaneous extraction of correlated ensembles formed by a set of chemical substructures shared by drugs that are likely to have a set of side-effects. We also conduct a comprehensive side-effect prediction for many uncharacterized drug molecules stored in DrugBank, and were able to confirm interesting predictions using independent source of information.

Conclusions
The proposed method is expected to be useful in various stages of the drug development process.
MicroRNA genes preferentially expressed in dendritic cells contain sites for conserved transcription factor binding motifs in their promoters
Authors: Jansen Bastiaan JH , Sama Iziah E , Eleveld-Trancikova Dagmar , van Hout-Kuijer Maaike A , Jansen Joop H , Huynen Martijn A , Adema Gosse J 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression by translational repression or target mRNA degradation. Regulatory elements in miRNA promoters are less well studied, but may reveal a link between their expression and a specific cell type.ResultsTo explore this link in myeloid cells, miRNA expression profiles were generated from monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Differences in miRNA expression among monocytes, DCs and their stimulated progeny were observed. Furthermore, putative promoter regions of miRNAs that are significantly up-regulated in DCs were screened for Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBSs) based on TFBS motif matching score, the degree to which those TFBSs are over-represented in the promoters of the up-regulated miRNAs, and the extent of conservation of the TFBSs in mammals.ConclusionsAnalysis of evolutionarily conserved TFBSs in DC promoters revealed preferential clustering of sites within 500 bp upstream of the precursor miRNAs and that many mRNAs of cognate TFs of the conserved TFBSs were indeed expressed in the DCs. Taken together, our data provide evidence that selected miRNAs expressed in DCs have evolutionarily conserved TFBSs relevant to DC biology in their promoters.
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of HER-2/neu and VEGF expression in colon carcinomas
Authors: Li Qingguo , Wang Daorong , Li Jing , Chen Ping 
Published: June 2011

Abstract

Background
HER-2/neu and VEGF expression is correlated with disease behaviors in various cancers. However, evidence for their expression in colon cancer is rather contradictory both for the protein expression status and prognostic value. HER-2/neu is found to participate in VEGF regulation, and has known correlation with VEGF expression in some tumors. In this study, we investigated HER-2/neu and VEGF expression in Chinese colon patients and explored whether there was any correlation between their expression patterns.

Methods
HER-2/neu and VEGF were investigated immunohistochemically using tumor samples obtained from 317 colon cancer patients with all tumor stages. Correlation of the degree of staining with clinicopathological parameters and survival was investigated.

Results
Positive expression rates of HER-2/neu and VEGF in colon cancer were 15.5% and 55.5% respectively. HER-2/neu expression was significantly correlated with tumor size and distant metastases (P < 0.05), but was not an independent prognostic marker of survival (P > 0.05). Expression of VEGF was significantly correlated with tumor size, tumor stage, lymph node metastases, and distant metastases (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate in patients with negative and positive VEGF expression was 70.2% and 61.9% respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.146). No correlation between HER-2/neu and VEGF expression was detected (P = 0.151).

Conclusions
HER-2/neu and VEGF are not important prognostic markers of colon cancer. The present results do not support any association between HER2/neu and VEGF expression in this setting.