bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional multiphoton/optical coherence tomography for diagnostic applications in dermatology
Authors: Alex Aneesh , Weingast Jessika , Weinigel Martin , Kellner‐Höfer Marcel , Nemecek Romina , Binder Michael , Pehamberger Hubert , König Karsten , Drexler Wolfgang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA preliminary clinical trial using state‐of‐the‐art multiphoton tomography (MPT) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for three‐dimensional (3D) multimodal in vivo imaging of normal skin, nevi, scars and pathologic skin lesions has been conducted. MPT enabled visualization of sub‐cellular details with axial and transverse resolutions of <2 μm and <0.5 μm, respectively, from a volume of 0.35 × 0.35 × 0.2 mm3 at a frame rate of 0.14 Hz (512 × 512 pixels). State‐of‐the‐art OCT, operating at a center wavelength of 1300 nm, was capable of acquiring 3D images depicting the layered architecture of skin with axial and transverse resolutions ∼8 μm and ∼20 μm, respectively, from a volume of 7 × 3.5 × 1.5 mm3 at a frame rate of 46 Hz (1024 × 1024 pixels). This study demonstrates the clinical diagnostic potential of MPT/OCT for pre‐screening relatively large areas of skin using 3D OCT to identify suspicious regions at microscopic level and subsequently using high resolution MPT to obtain zoomed in, sub‐cellular level information of the respective regions (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Activation of ras‐dependent signaling pathways by G14‐coupled receptors requires the adaptor protein TPR1
Authors: Kwan Dawna H.T. , Yung Lisa Y. , Ye Richard D. , Wong Yung H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMany Gq‐coupled receptors mediate mitogenic signals by stimulating extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases (ERKs) that are typically regulated by the small GTPase Ras. Recent studies have revealed that members of the Gαq family may possess the ability to activate Ras/ERK by interacting with the adaptor protein tetratricopeptide repeat 1 (TPR1). Within the Gαq family, the highly promiscuous Gα14 can relay signals from numerous receptors. Here, we examined if Gα14 interacts with TPR1 to stimulate Ras signaling pathways. Expression of the constitutively active Gα14QL mutant in HEK293 cells led to the formation of GTP‐bound Ras as well as increased phosphorylations of downstream signaling molecules including ERK and IκB kinase. Stimulation of endogenous G14‐coupled somatostatin type 2 and α2‐adrenergic receptors produced similar responses in human hepatocellular HepG2 carcinoma cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation assays using HEK293 cells demonstrated a stronger association of TPR1 for Gα14QL than Gα14, suggesting that TPR1 preferentially binds to the GTP‐bound form of Gα14. Activated Gα14 also interacted with the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factors SOS1 and SOS2. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of TPR1 or siRNA‐mediated knockdown of TPR1 effectively abolished the ability of Gα14 to induce Ras signaling in native HepG2 or transfected HEK293 cells. Although expression of the dominant negative mutant of TPR1 suppressed Gα14QL‐induced phosphorylations of ERK and IκB kinase, it did not affect Gα14QL‐induced stimulation of phospholipase Cβ or c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. Our results suggest that TPR1 is required for Gα14 to stimulate Ras‐dependent signaling pathways, but not for the propagation of signals along Ras‐independent pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3486–3497, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of a motif in BMRP required for interaction with Bcl‐2 by site‐directed mutagenesis studies
Authors: Conde Juan A. , Claunch Cheryl J. , Romo Hannah E. , Benito‐Martín Ana , Ballestero Rafael P. , González‐García Maribel 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBcl‐2 is an anti‐apoptotic protein that inhibits apoptosis elicited by multiple stimuli in a large variety of cell types. BMRP (also known as MRPL41) was identified as a Bcl‐2 binding protein and shown to promote apoptosis. Previous studies indicated that the amino‐terminal two‐thirds of BMRP contain the domain(s) required for its interaction with Bcl‐2, and that this region of the protein is responsible for the majority of the apoptosis‐inducing activity of BMRP. We have performed site‐directed mutagenesis analyses to further characterize the BMRP/Bcl‐2 interaction and the pro‐apoptotic activity of BMRP. The results obtained indicate that the 13–17 amino acid region of BMRP is necessary for its binding to Bcl‐2. Further mutagenesis of this motif shows that amino acid residue aspartic acid (D) 16 of BMRP is essential for the BMRP/Bcl‐2 interaction. Functional analyses conducted in mammalian cells with BMRP site‐directed mutants BMRP(13Ala17) and BMRP(D16A) indicate that these mutants induce apoptosis through a caspase‐mediated pathway, and that they kill cells slightly more potently than wild‐type BMRP. Bcl‐2 is still able to counteract BMRP(D16A)‐induced cell death significantly, but not as completely as when tested against wild‐type BMRP. These results suggest that the apoptosis‐inducing ability of wild‐type BMRP is blocked by Bcl‐2 through several mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3498–3508, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 is mediated in TNF‐α‐induced CCL2 expression in human synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Tsou Hsi‐Kai , Chen Hsien‐Te , Chang Chia‐Hao , Yang Wan‐Yu , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), a pro‐inflammatory cytokine with a critical role in osteoarthritis (OA), was primarily produced by monocytes/macrophages and plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response. Here, we investigated the intracellular signaling pathways involved in TNF‐α‐induced monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1)/CCL2 expression in human synovial fibroblast cells. Stimulation of synovial fibroblasts (OASF) with TNF‐α induced concentration‐ and time‐dependent increases in CCL2 expression. TNF‐α‐mediated CCL2 production was attenuated by TNFR1 monoclonal antibody (Ab). Pretreatment with an apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) inhibitor (thioredoxin), JNK inhibitor (SP600125), p38 inhibitor (SB203580), or AP‐1 inhibitor (curcumin or tanshinone IIA) also blocked the potentiating action of TNF‐α. Stimulation of cells with TNF‐α enhanced ASK1, JNK, and p38 activation. Treatment of OASF with TNF‐α also increased the accumulation of phosphorylated c‐Jun in the nucleus, AP‐1‐luciferase activity, and c‐Jun binding to the AP‐1 element on the CCL2 promoter. TNF‐α‐mediated AP‐1‐luciferase activity and c‐Jun binding to the AP‐1 element were inhibited by TNFR1 Ab, thioredoxin, SP600125, and SB203580. Our results suggest that the interaction between TNF‐α and TNFR1 increases CCL2 expression in human synovial fibroblasts via the ASK1, JNK/p38, c‐Jun, and AP‐1 signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3509–3519, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hierarchical algorithm for fast debye summation with applications to small angle scattering
Authors: Gumerov Nail A. , Berlin Konstantin , Fushman David , Duraiswami Ramani 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDebye summation, which involves the summation of sinc functions of distances between all pair of atoms in three‐dimensional space, arises in computations performed in crystallography, small/wide angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Direct evaluation of Debye summation has quadratic complexity, which results in computational bottleneck when determining crystal properties, or running structure refinement protocols that involve SAXS or SANS, even for moderately sized molecules. We present a fast approximation algorithm that efficiently computes the summation to any prescribed accuracy ϵ in linear time. The algorithm is similar to the fast multipole method (FMM), and is based on a hierarchical spatial decomposition of the molecule coupled with local harmonic expansions and translation of these expansions. An even more efficient implementation is possible when the scattering profile is all that is required, as in small angle scattering reconstruction (SAS) of macromolecules. We examine the relationship of the proposed algorithm to existing approximate methods for profile computations, and show that these methods may result in inaccurate profile computations, unless an error‐bound derived in this article is used. Our theoretical and computational results show orders of magnitude improvement in computation complexity over existing methods, while maintaining prescribed accuracy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of Chitosan‐Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite Containing Ferri/Ferrocyanide: Application for Simultaneous Detection of D‐Penicillamine and Tryptophan
Authors: Chekin Fereshteh , Raoof Jahan‐Bakhsh , Bagheri Samira , Hamid Sharifah Bee Abd 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe report a simple and effective strategy for fabrication of the nanocomposite containing chitosan (CS) and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) coated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The characterization of the modified electrode (CS‐MWNT/GC) was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The electrochemical behavior of CS‐MWNT/GC electrode was investigated and compared with the electrochemical behavior of chitosan modified GC (CS/GC), multiwalled carbon nanotube modified GC (MWNT/GC) and unmodified GC using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The chitosan films are electrochemically inactive; similar background charging currents are observed at bare GC. The chitosan films are permeable to anionic Fe(CN)63−/4− (FC) redox couple. Electrochemical parameters, including apparent diffusion coefficient for the Fe(CN)63−/4− redox probe at FC/CS‐MWNT/GC electrode is comparable to values reported for cast chitosan films. This modified electrode also showed electrocatalytic effect for the simultaneous determination of D‐penicillamine (D‐PA) and tryptophan (Trp). The detection limit of 0.9 μM and 4.0 μM for D‐PA and Trp, respectively, makes this nanocomposite very suitable for determination of them with good sensitivity.
New Quantum Caps in PG(4, 4)
Authors: Bartoli Daniele , Faina Giorgio , Marcugini Stefano , Pambianco Fernanda 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCalderbank, Rains, Shor, and Sloane (see [10]) showed that quantum stabilizer codes correspond to additive quaternary codes in binary projective spaces, which are self‐orthogonal with respect to the symplectic form. A geometric description is given in [8, 19]. In [8] the notion of a quantum cap is introduced. Quantum caps are equivalent to quantum stabilizer codes of minimum distance when the code is linear over . In this paper, we determine the values k such that there exists a quantum k‐cap in , corresponding to pure linear quantum codes, proving, by exhaustive search, that no 11, 37, 39‐quantum caps exist. Moreover we give examples of quantum caps in not already known in the literature.
Sequential Expression of Osteoblast Phenotypic Genes During Medullary Bone Formation and Resorption in Estrogen‐Treated Male Japanese Quails
Authors: HIYAMA SHINJI , SUGIYAMA TOSHIE , KUSUHARA SEIJI , UCHIDA TAKASHI 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTMedullary bone is formed reticularly in the bone marrow cavity of the long bones of female birds. Although this bone matrix contains fewer collagen fibers and more acid mucopolysaccharides than cortical bone, it is not clear that the expression pattern of osteoblast phenotypic genes during bone remodeling. Therefore, 17β‐estradiol (E2)‐treated male Japanese quails were used to examine the temporal expression patterns of osteoblast phenotypic genes, and to simultaneously confirm the morphological changes occurring in the bone marrow cavity during medullary bone formation and resorption. After E2 treatment, bone lining cells proliferated and developed into mature osteoblasts that had intense alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. These cells began to form medullary bone that contained acid mucopolysaccharides and tartrate‐resistantacid phosphatase. Runt‐related gene 2 (Runx2) mRNA was stably expressed throughout the process. The expression of both ALP and type I collagen mRNAs increased initially, and then rapidly decreased after day 7, while osteoclasts began to resorb medullary bone at day 5. The expression of bone matrix‐related genes peaked at day 5, and suddenly decreased at day 7, except for osteopontin. Taken together with these results, the expression patterns of bone matrix‐related genes during the later stages might be related to osteoclast activity. Additionally, the constant expression of Runx2 during bone formation and resorption suggested that osteoprogenitor cells always exist in the bone marrow cavity. Therefore, the expression patterns of these genes and the characteristics of bone matrix might extremely be related to the quick remodeling of medullary bone. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318B:344‐352, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distribution of Specific Keratin‐Associated Beta‐Proteins (Beta‐Keratins) in the Epidermis of the Lizard Anolis carolinensis Helps to Clarify the Process of Cornification in Lepidosaurians
Authors: ALIBARDI L. , SEGALLA A. , DALLA VALLE L. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe epidermis of different scales in the lizard Anolis carolinensis expresses specific keratin‐associated beta‐proteins (beta‐keratins). In order to localize the sites of accumulation of different beta‐proteins, we have utilized antibodies directed against representative members of the main families of beta‐proteins, the glycine‐rich (HgG5), glycine–cysteine rich (HgGC3), glycine–cysteine medium‐rich (HgGC10), and cysteine‐rich (HgC1) beta‐proteins. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemical controls confirm the specificity of the antibodies made against these proteins. Light and ultrastructural immunocytochemistry shows that the glycine‐rich protein HgG5 is present in beta‐layers of different body scales but is scarce in the oberhautchen and claws, and is absent in alpha‐layers and adhesive setae. The cysteine–glycine‐rich protein HgGC3 is low to absent in the oberhautchen, beta‐layer, and mesos‐layer but increases in alpha‐layers. This beta‐protein is low in claws where it is likely associated with the hard alpha‐keratins previously studied in this lizard. The glycine–cysteine medium‐rich HgGC10 protein is low in the beta‐layer, higher in alpha‐layers, and in the oberhautchen. This protein forms a major component of setal proteins including those of the adhesive spatula that allow this lizard to stick on vertical surfaces. HgC1 is poorly localized in most epidermis analyzed including adhesive setae and claws and appears as a minor component of the alpha‐layers. In conclusion, the present study suggests that beta‐ and alpha‐layers of lizard epidermis represent regions with different accumulation of glycine‐rich proteins (mainly for mechanical resistance and hydrophobicity in the beta‐layer) or cysteine–glycine‐rich proteins (for both resistance and elasticity in both alpha‐ and beta‐layers). J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318B:388‐403, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lower Bounds on the Size of Maximum Independent Sets and Matchings in Hypergraphs of Rank Three
Authors: Henning Michael A. , Yeo Anders 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we study lower bounds on the size of a maximum independent set and a maximum matching in a hypergraph of rank three. The rank in a hypergraph is the size of a maximum edge in the hypergraph. A hypergraph is simple if no two edges contain exactly the same vertices. Let H be a hypergraph and let and be the size of a maximum independent set and a maximum matching, respectively, in H, where a set of vertices in H is independent (also called strongly independent in the literature) if no two vertices in the set belong to a common edge. Let H be a hypergraph of rank at most three and maximum degree at most three. We show that with equality if and only if H is the Fano plane. In fact, we show that if H is connected and different from the Fano plane, then and we characterize the hypergraphs achieving equality in this bound. Using this result, we show that that if H is a simple connected 3‐uniform hypergraph of order at least 8 and with maximum degree at most three, then and there is a connected 3‐uniform hypergraph H of order 19 achieving this lower bound. Finally, we show that if H is a connected hypergraph of rank at most three that is not a complete hypergraph on vertices, where denotes the maximum degree in H, then and this bound is asymptotically best possible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Graph Theory
Unusual pattern of embryogenesis of Caryophyllia inornata (scleractinia, caryophylliidae) in the mediterranean sea: Maybe agamic reproduction?
Authors: Goffredo Stefano , Marchini Chiara , Rocchi Marta , Airi Valentina , Caroselli Erik , Falini Giuseppe , Levy Oren , Dubinsky Zvy , Zaccanti Francesco 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWhile knowledge of the reproductive biology of tropical scleractinian corals is extensive, information from temperate zones is limited. The aim of this study is to describe the reproductive biology of Caryophyllia inornata, a temperate species, and to increase the understanding of the reproductive strategies of Mediterranean corals. Samples of C. inornata were collected during SCUBA surveys at Elba island. Sexually active individuals displayed either male or female germ cells, showing a gonochoric sexuality. C. inornata exhibited an unusual pattern of embryogenesis. Embryos appeared throughout the whole year in males and in sexually inactive individuals, and they did not show a seasonal pattern of development, as usually expected for sexual reproduction. This observation suggests the possibility of asexual origin. These embryogenetic sexually inactive individuals were larger in size than the embryogenetic sexually active ones, and they might be senile polyps that preserve the ability to produce embryos only by agamic reproduction. J. Morphol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of liver function in thioacetamide‐induced rat acute liver injury using an empirical mathematical model and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI with Gd‐EOB‐DTPA
Authors: Saito Shigeyoshi , Moriyama Yuki , Kobayashi Shuichiro , Ogihara Ryota , Koto Daichi , Kitamura Akihiro , Matsushita Taro , Nishiura Motoko , Murase Kenya 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced acute liver injury in rats using an empirical mathematical model (EMM) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) with gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA).Materials and Methods:Eighteen rats were divided into three groups (normal control [n = 6], TAA [140] [n = 6], and TAA [280] groups [n = 6]). The rats of the TAA (140) and TAA (280) groups were intravenously injected with 140 and 280 mg/kg body weight (BW) of TAA, respectively, while those of the normal control group were intravenously injected with the same volume of saline. DCE‐MRI studies were performed using Gd‐EOB‐DTPA (0.025 mmol Gd/kg; 0.1 mL/kg BW) as the contrast agent 48 hours after TAA or saline injection. After the DCE‐MRI study, blood was sampled and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. We calculated the rate of contrast uptake (α), the rate of contrast washout (β), the elimination half‐life of relative enhancement (RE) (T1/2), the maximum RE (REmax), and the time to (REmax) (Tmax) from time‐signal intensity curves using EMM.Results:The REmax values in the TAA (140) groups and TAA (280) groups were significantly smaller than that in the normal control group. The Tmax value in the TAA (280) group was significantly greater than that in the normal control group. The β value in the TAA (280) group was significantly smaller than those in the normal control and TAA (140) groups, whereas there were no significant differences in β among groups. The T1/2 value in the TAA (280) group was significantly greater than those in the normal control and TAA (140) groups. The REmax, Tmax, β, and T1/2 values significantly correlated with AST and ALT.Conclusion:The EMM is useful for evaluating TAA‐induced acute liver injury using DCE‐MRI with Gd‐EOB‐DTPA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012; 36:1483–1489. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in extreme temperature indices in Austria based on a new homogenised dataset
Authors: Nemec Johanna , Gruber Christine , Chimani Barbara , Auer Ingeborg 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInstrumental time series are often affected by inhomogeneities which can mask or amplify climate change signals. Various procedures for the detection and adjustment of breaks exist for monthly and annual time series. Homogenization methods on a daily basis are scarce and often disregard uncertainties accompanying the break adjustment. We present a complete homogenization procedure for daily extreme temperature series based on the break detection method PRODIGE and SPLIDHOM for break correction. Both parts of the homogenization rely on the existence of highly correlated reference stations. After the statistical comparison with neighbouring stations, detected breaks are verified and further localized by metadata. Uncertainties of the break adjustments are estimated by altering reference stations and by applying a bootstrapping technique providing an objective indication about the reliability of the homogenization.The method was tested and applied to 71 time series of daily minimum (TN) and maximum temperatures (TX) in Austria covering the period 1948–2009. For some series homogenization was not possible due to large uncertainties in the adjustments or a lack of suitable reference series. In the remaining 57 TN and 54 TX series a total number of 139 breaks were detected. Seventy‐five percent of those breaks are documented in the metadata archive, with most of them being caused by station relocations and instrumentation changes. In general, the mean over the temperature dependent adjustments of all stations show a temperature reduction. However, the majority of breaks have mean amplitudes of less than 0.5 °C. A comprehensive analysis was performed on the new homogenized daily dataset, showing a widespread warming trend in both TN and TX series. The warming trend is in general amplified due to the homogenization. However, significant changes in the trend are only observed at very few stations. In autumn, however, the trend is reversed in many temperature based ‘climate change detection indices’. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society