bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmigration across activated endothelium induces transcriptional changes, inhibits apoptosis, and decreases antimicrobial protein expression in human monocytes
Authors: Williams Marcie R , Sakurai Yumiko , Zughaier Susu M , Eskin Suzanne G , McIntire Larry V 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Monocyte transmigration across stimulated ECs promotes further monocyte recruitment, inhibits monocyte apoptosis, and leads to a reduction in antimicrobial protein expression.
We investigated the hypothesis that transmigration drives monocyte transcriptional changes. Using Agilent whole human genome microarrays, we identified over 692 differentially expressed genes (2×, P&lt;0.05) in freshly isolated human monocytes following 1.5 h of transmigration across IL-1β-stimulated ECs compared with untreated monocytes. Genes up-regulated by monocyte transmigration belong to a number of over-represented functional groups including immune response and inhibition of apoptosis. qRT-PCR confirmed increased expression of MCP-1 and −3 and of NAIP following monocyte transmigration. Additionally, quantification of Annexin V binding revealed a reduction in apoptosis following monocyte transmigration. Comparison of gene expression in transmigrated monocytes with additional controls (monocytes that failed to transmigrate and monocytes incubated beneath stimulated ECs) revealed 89 differentially expressed genes, which were controlled by the process of diapedesis. Functional annotation of these genes showed down-regulation of antimicrobial genes (e.g., α-defensin down 50×, cathelicidin down 9×, and CTSG down 3×). qRT-PCR confirmed down-regulation of these genes. Immunoblots confirmed that monocyte diapedesis down-regulates α-defensin protein expression. However, transmigrated monocytes were functional and retained intact cytokine and chemokine release upon TLR ligand exposure. Overall, these data indicate that the process of monocyte transmigration across stimulated ECs promotes further monocyte recruitment and inhibits monocyte apoptosis. Unexpectedly, following transmigration, monocytes displayed reduced antimicrobial protein expression.
Nitric oxide positively regulates Ag (I)-induced Ca2+ influx and mast cell activation: role of a nitric oxide synthase-independent pathway
Authors: Inoue Toshio , Suzuki Yoshihiro , Yoshimaru Tetsuro , Ra Chisei 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
NOS-independent NO mediates Ag (I)-induced mast cell activation.
NO is generated by NOS activity and known to act as a negative regulator of mast cell activation. We reported previously that Ag (I) directly evokes mast cell degranulation and LTC4 release via Ca2+ influx through thiol-sensitive, store-independent channels. Here, we report that NO generated independently of NOS activity mediates the store-independent Ca2+ influx. Exposure of mast cells to Ag (I) resulted in increased intracellular NO levels and NO2–/NO3– contents in the extracellular fluid. The NO increase was blocked by NO scavenger Hb and DTT but not by NOS inhibitors such as amino-BH4 and l-NAME. This NO production occurred independently of the Src family kinase and PI3K activities, both of which were necessary for antigen-induced, NOS-dependent NO production. Hb and DTT reduced Ag (I)-induced β-hexosaminidase release and LTC4 release, whereas the NO scavengers and NOS inhibitors augmented antigen-induced mediator release. Moreover, Hb and DTT, but not the NOS inhibitors, abolished the Ag (I)-induced Ca2+ influx, and none of the drugs blocked CRAC channel activity. Finally, Ag (I)-induced Ca2+ influx was distinct from LTCC activity in terms of its sensitivities to wortmannin and LTCC antagonists and the effects of Cav1.2 LTCC gene silencing. These data show that NOS-independent NO regulates mast cell activation positively via a unique store-independent Ca2+ influx pathway. The present findings suggest multiple sources and functions of NO in mast cell biology.
Errata: Atomic weights of the elements (Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem. 71(8), 1593-1607 (1999)
Authors: Vocke R. D. 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Errata: Atomic weights of the elements: (Technical Report). (R. D. Vocke, Jr.). Pure Appl. Chem. 71, 1593-1607 (1999); doi:10.1351/pac199971081593.
Discrimination of GalNAc (4S/6S) sulfation sites in chondroitin sulfate disaccharides by chip-based nanoelectrospray multistage mass spectrometry
Authors: Flangea Corina , Serb Alina , Schiopu Catalin , Tudor Sorin , Sisu Eugen , Seidler Daniela , Zamfir Alina 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Sulfation pattern within chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains is an important post-translational modification that regulates their interaction with proteins. In this context, development of highly efficient and reproducible analytical methods for the investigation of CS sulfation patterns is of high necessity. In this study we report a novel method for straightforward determination of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) sulfation sites in chondroitin sulfate disaccharides. Our protocol involves combining fully automated chip-based nanoelectrospray (nanoESI) for analyte infusion and ionization in negative ion mode with multistage (MSn) collision-induced dissociation (CID) high capacity ion trap (HCT) mass spectrometry for generation of sequence ions diagnostic for identification of sulfate ester group position within GalNAc residues. The feasibility of this approach is here demonstrated on chondroitin 6-O-sulfate and chondroitin 4-O-sulfate disaccharides. Fragmentation patterns obtained by MS2 and MS3 sequencing stages provided first mass spectrometric data from which sulfation site(s) within GalNAc monosaccharide ring could be unequivocally deciphered. Hence, the method allowed discriminating 4S/6S sulfation sites solely on the basis of MS and multistage MS evidence.
Wetland conservation in Nepal: policies, practices, problems and possibilities
Authors: Poudel BS 
Published: August 2009

Wetlands are among the most productive but threatened ecosystems on earth. Wetlands provide many benefits - environmental, economic and social - yet there is a limited assessment of these multiple values and therefore, have little attention in national accounts. Nepal has been transforming its resource management policies in favor of local people. This paper reviews existing policy framework and legal mechanisms involved in wetlands. There are several acts and regulations which have direct or indirect bearing on wetland conservation and management. It also discusses issues and possibilities of wetland management in Nepal. Finally, it recommends capacity building, wetland survey and inventory. Key words: Wetlands, policies, plans, acts, Ramsar, ecosystem, values doi: 10.3126/banko.v19i3.2205 Banko Janakari, Special Issue February 2009, 5-9
Updated status of Nepal’s wetland birds
Authors: Baral HS 
Published: August 2009

Wetland birds in Nepal comprise significant portion of avian fauna of Nepal. However, they are also highly threatened because of several factors. A thorough study on wetland bird communities is lacking which is hampering conservation of wetlands and bird communities dependent on them. Proper management of the wetland beyond the protected areas is essential to conserve wetland birds in Nepal. Key words: Wetlands, birds, threatened, management doi: 10.3126/banko.v19i3.2209 Banko Janakari, Special Issue February 2009, 30-35
HeadTalk, HandTalk and the corpus: towards a framework for multi-modal, multi-media corpus development
Authors: Knight Dawn , Evans David , Carter Ronald , Adolphs Svenja 
Published: August 2009

In this paper, we address a number of key methodological challenges and concerns faced by linguists in the development of a new generation of corpora: the multi-modal, multi-media corpus – that which combines video, audio and textual records of naturally occurring discourse. We contextualise these issues according to a research project which is currently developing such a corpus: the ESRC-funded Understanding New Digital Records for e-Social Science (DReSS) project based at the University of Nottingham.22 For further information, results and publications related to the project, please refer to the main DReSS website, at: http://web.mac.com/andy.crabtree/NCeSS_Digital_Records_Node/Welcome.htmlThis paper primarily explores the questions of the functionality of the corpus, identifying the problems we faced in making multi-modal corpora ‘usable’ for further research. We focus on the need for new methods for categorising and marking up multiple streams of data, using, as examples, the coding of head nods and hand gestures. We also consider the challenges faced when integrating and representing the data in a functional corpus tool, to allow for further synthesis and analysis.Here, we also underline some of the ethical challenges faced in the development of this tool, exploring the issues faced both in the collection of data and in the future distribution of video corpora to the wider research community.
Issues in the development of the British Academic Written English (BAWE) corpus
Authors: Alsop Sian , Nesi Hilary 
Published: August 2009

The British Academic Written English (BAWE) corpus is a collection of texts produced by undergraduate and Master's students in a wide range of disciplines, for assessment as part of taught degree programmes undertaken in the UK. The majority of the contributors to the corpus are mother tongue speakers of English, but, in order to be included in the corpus, each assignment had to be judged proficient by assessors in the contributor's discipline, regardless of the writer's mother tongue. The corpus contains, therefore, only texts that have met departmental requirements for the given level of study. University writing programmes are typically aimed at undergraduate and Master's students, and it would be useful for writing tutors to know more about student assignment genres and the linguistic features of successful writing at undergraduate and Master's level. However, most large-scale descriptive studies of academic writing focus on published or publicly accessible texts, or learner essays on general academic topics, probably because there are practical difficulties associated with collecting large amounts of well-documented student output. This paper charts the experience of collecting data for the BAWE corpus, highlighting the problems we encountered and the solutions we chose, with a view to facilitating the task of future developers of academic student writing corpora.
Study of Energy Transfer and Triplet Exciton Diffusion in Hole‐Transporting Host Materials
Authors: Wu Chao , Djurovich Peter I. , Thompson Mark E. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA device structure is used in which the hole‐transporting layer (HTL) of an OLED is doped with either fluorescent or phosphorescent emitters, that is, anode/HTL‐host/hole blocker/electron‐transporting layer/cathode. The HTL hosts have higher HOMO energy allowing holes to be transported without being trapped by dopant molecules, avoiding direct recombination on the dopant. The unconventional mismatch of HOMO energies between host and dopant allow for the study of energy transfer in these host/guest systems and triplet exciton diffusion in the HTL‐host layers of OLED devices, without the complication of charge trapping at dopants. The host materials examined here are tetraaryl‐p‐phenylenediamines. Data shows that Förster energy transfer between these hosts and emissive dopant in devices is inefficient. Triplet exciton diffusion in these host materials is closely related to molecular structure and the degree of intermolecular interaction. Host materials that contain naphthyl groups demonstrate longer triplet exciton diffusion lengths than those with phenyl substituents, consistent with DFT calculations and photophysical measurements.
Hard Macrocellular Silica Si(HIPE) Foams Templating Micro/Macroporous Carbonaceous Monoliths: Applications as Lithium Ion Battery Negative Electrodes and Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Brun Nicolas , Prabaharan Savari R. S. , Morcrette Mathieu , Sanchez Clément , Pécastaings Gilles , Derré Alain , Soum Alain , Deleuze Hervé , Birot Marc , Backov Rénal 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBy using Si(HIPEs) as hard, exotemplating matrices, interconnected macro‐/microporous carbon monolith‐type materials with a surface area of around 600 m2 g−1 are synthesized and shaped. The carbonaceous foams exhibit a conductivity of 20 S cm−1, addressed with excellent mechanical properties (Young's modulus of 0.2 GPa and toughness of 13 J g−1, when the carbon core is optimized). The above‐mentioned specificities, combined with the fact that the external shape and size can be easily designed on demand, are of primary importance for applications. The functionality of these carbonaceous monoliths is tested as both an electrochemical capacitor and a lithium ion negative electrode. The electrochemical capacitors' voltage–current profiles exhibit a non‐ideal rectangular response, confirming the double‐layer behavior of the carbon studied, while the charge‐discharge current profile of the electric double‐layer capacitor is directly proportional to the scan where the current response during charge and discharge exhibits high reversibility. When acting as a lithium ion negative electrode, after initial irreversibility, a good cyclability is obtained, associated with a stable capacity of 200 mA h g−1 during the first 50 cycles at a reasonable current density (C/10).
Particle‐scale simulation of the flow and heat transfer behaviors in fluidized bed with immersed tube
Authors: Zhao Yongzhi , Jiang Maoqiang , Liu Yanlei , Zheng Jinyang 
Published: August 2009

AbstractA kind of new modified computational fluid dynamics‐discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) method was founded by combining CFD based on unstructured mesh and DEM. The turbulent dense gas–solid two phase flow and the heat transfer in the equipment with complex geometry can be simulated by the programs based on the new method when the k‐ε turbulence model and the multiway coupling heat transfer model among particles, walls and gas were employed. The new CFD‐DEM coupling method that combining k‐ε turbulence model and heat transfer model, was employed to simulate the flow and the heat transfer behaviors in the fluidized bed with an immersed tube. The microscale mechanism of heat transfer in the fluidized bed was explored by the simulation results and the critical factors that influence the heat transfer between the tube and the bed were discussed. The profiles of average solids fraction and heat transfer coefficient between gas‐tube and particle‐tube around the tube were obtained and the influences of fluidization parameters such as gas velocity and particle diameter on the transfer coefficient were explored by simulations. The computational results agree well with the experiment, which shows that the new CFD‐DEM method is feasible and accurate for the simulation of complex gas–solid flow with heat transfer. And this will improve the farther simulation study of the gas–solid two phase flow with chemical reactions in the fluidized bed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Dispersion in non‐ideal packed beds
Authors: Scheven U. M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis work reanalyzes published time series dispersion traces (Han et al., AIChE J. 1985;31:277–288) from step input tracer passages recorded at different locations along the length of a packed bed filled with monodisperse solid spheres. The intrinsic dispersivity and sample dependent dispersion are separated by imposing a heuristic model where coarse grained axial advection velocities vary in a plane perpendicular to the flow but not along the direction of flow. The derived intrinsic dispersivity agrees with the predicted value (Scheven et al., Phys Rev Lett. 2007;99:054502‐1–054502‐4). It serves as a bench mark for different implementations of simulations coupling Stokes flow and diffusion in random geometries, and for experimental tests of injection and packing methods. Conceptually, a well defined and fittable effective dispersivity is introduced in an analytical framework describing dispersion data obtained in non‐ideal packed beds, where elution profiles cannot be fitted to the solution of the one dimensional advection diffusion equation. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Production of β‐globin and adult hemoglobin following G418 treatment of erythroid precursor cells from homozygous β039 thalassemia patients
Authors: Salvatori Francesca , Breveglieri Giulia , Zuccato Cristina , Finotti Alessia , Bianchi Nicoletta , Borgatti Monica , Feriotto Giordana , Destro Federica , Canella Alessandro , Brognara Eleonora , Lampronti Ilaria , Breda Laura , Rivella Stefano , Gambari Roberto 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn several types of thalassemia (including β039‐thalassemia), stop codon mutations lead to premature translation termination and to mRNA destabilization through nonsense‐mediated decay. Drugs (for instance aminoglycosides) can be designed to suppress premature termination, inducing a ribosomal readthrough. These findings have introduced new hopes for the development of a pharmacologic approach to the cure of this disease. However, the effects of aminoglycosides on globin mRNA carrying β‐thalassemia stop mutations have not yet been investigated. In this study, we have used a lentiviral construct containing the β039‐thalassemia globin gene under control of the β‐globin promoter and a LCR cassette. We demonstrated by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis the production of β‐globin by K562 cell clones expressing the β039‐thalassemia globin gene and treated with G418. More importantly, after FACS and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, erythroid precursor cells from β039‐thalassemia patients were demonstrated to be able to produce β‐globin and adult hemoglobin after treatment with G418. This study strongly suggests that ribosomal readthrough should be considered a strategy for developing experimental strategies for the treatment of β0‐thalassemia caused by stop codon mutations. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stochastic scheduling problem with varying weight for each job
Authors: Gu Manzhan , Lu Xiwen 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis paper studies the preemptive stochastic online scheduling problem, which is a simple combination of online and stochastic scheduling. The processing times of jobs are assumed to be subject to independent probability distributions, and we assume that jobs arrive overtime, which means there is no knowledge about the jobs that arrive in the future. We particularly consider the preemptive setting where a job is allowed to be interrupted during its processing. The weight (holding cost ratio) associated with each job may change during its processing, and the objective is to minimize the expected value of total holding cost for all jobs. For the single andmidentical machine problems, we propose scheduling policies, SPGS [semi‐preemptive Gittins Index Priority Policy (GIPP) on single machine] and SPGI (semi‐preemptive GIPP on identical machines), respectively, both of which are proved to be constant‐factor approximation. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Schubtragverhalten dünner Scheiben aus Ultrahochfestem Beton
Authors: Heidrich Julia 
Published: August 2009

AbstractUltrahochfester Beton ist ein Baustoff mit herausragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften. Weit gespannte Brückentragwerke mit schlanken Stegen aus Ultrahochfestem Beton sind denkbar. Dadurch kann Eigengewicht und Material gespart werden. Die Lebensdauer der Brücken würde aufgrund der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen mechanische und chemische Einflüsse steigen.Die Zug‐ und die Druckfestigkeit wurden inzwischen in einigen Forschungsarbeiten untersucht. Demgegenüber gibt es noch kaum Erkenntnisse zum Schubtragverhalten. Auch existieren noch keine Normen oder Vorschriften dazu. Eine Arbeit am Institut für Betonbau der TU‐Graz befasst sich mit der Schubtragfähigkeit von schlanken, nicht beulgefährdeten Scheiben aus Ultrahochfestem Beton.Shear Carrying Capacity of Ultra High Performance ConcreteUltra High Performance Concrete is a building material with fantastic mechanical properties. Slender, durable Bridges with large spans and thin webs are imaginable. The life cycle will increase because of the chemical and mechanical resistance. The tension and compression strength are well investigated, but there are less investigations about the shear carrying capacity. One research work at the Institute for Structural Concrete of Graz University of Technology deals with the shear carrying capacity of thin Panels without buckling risk.
Belastungsversuche an einer Schwimmhalle mit vorgespanntem Seilhängedach in Dresden
Authors: Quade Jochen , Wojan Immanuel , Dehn Frank 
Published: August 2009

AbstractDie betreffende Schwimmhalle soll nach 40jähriger Nutzung für weitere 30 Jahre zur Verfügung stehen. Dazu war sie auf einen entsprechenden technischen Stand zu bringen. Das setzte voraus, dass die Konstruktion der Halle, seiner Zeit ab Oberkante Fundament durchweg aus Fertigteilen mit entsprechenden Bindungselementen aufgebaut, eine ausreichend dauerhafte und sichere Nutzung zulässt.Nach entsprechenden Voruntersuchungen wurde das Hängedach im August 2008 Belastungsversuchen ausgesetzt. Im Besonderen interessierte, ob die aufgebrachte Vorspannung noch wirksam war. Die Tests erfolgten in Anlehnung an die DAfStb‐Richtlinie für “Belastungsversuche an Betonbauwerken” vom September 2000. Es wurden je 12 m breite Feldstreifen der 60 m langen Halle mit 39,5 m Stützweite über je acht mit Wasser gefüllte Schläuche (0,45 m belastet.Die Reaktionen der wichtigsten Tragelemente, wie die vorgespannte Seilrippenschale und die Zweibockstützen, wurden in Form von Verschiebungen und zwar– Dacheinsenkungen sowie– Stützenkopfauslenkungenmittels PC‐gestützter Wegsensortechnik sowie Tachymetrie gemessen und aufgezeichnet. Der zeitweise erhebliche Einfluss der Temperaturänderungen auf die Messergebnisse konnte durch eine Vergleichsmessung kompensiert und berücksichtigt werden.Es zeigte sich, dass– sich das Dach einschließlich der Stützkonstruktion elastisch verhielt, – sich das Dach wie eine dünne Rippenschale mit bemerkenswertem Lastabtrag in Querrichtung benahm und– die seinerzeit eingetragene Vorspannungunverändert geblieben ist.Der Beitrag fasst die Vorgehensweise sowie die wesentlichen Ergebnisse zusammen.
Peptide‐dominated membranes preceding the genetic takeover by RNA: latest thinking on a classic controversy
Authors: Egel Richard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIt is commonly presumed that abiotic membranes were colonized by proteins later on. Yet, hydrophobic peptides could have formed primordial protein‐dominated membranes on their own. In a metabolism‐first context, “autocatalytically closed” sets of statistical peptides could organize a self‐maintaining protometabolism, assisted by an unfolding set of ribotide‐related cofactors. Pairwise complementary ribotide cofactors may have formed docking guides for stochastic peptide formation, before replicating RNA emerged from this subset. Tidally recurring wet‐drying cycles and an early onset of photosynthetic activities are considered most likely to meet the thermodynamic requirements. Conceivably, the earliest peptide‐dominated vesicles were engaged in light harvesting, together with isoprenoid‐tethered pigments, rather than providing an external boundary. Early on, the bulk of prebiotic organic matter can have formed a contiguous layer covering the mineral sediment, held in place by colloidal coherence of a hydrogel matrix. This unconventional scenario assumes a late onset of cellular individualization – perhaps from within, resembling endosporogenesis.