bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“INALIENABLE” ARCHIVES: KOREAN ROYAL ARCHIVES AS FRENCH PROPERTY UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Cox Douglas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn June 2011, France returned to South Korea nearly 300 volumes of Korean royal archives from the Joseon Dynasty. French forces had seized them in an 1866 military campaign, and the volumes had resided in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) ever since. The return is not a legally permanent restitution, but rather a five-year renewable loan. The compromise followed years of unsuccessful negotiations and a noteworthy decision of a French administrative tribunal that found that the seized Korean archives constituted inalienable French property. The legal debate over the Korean manuscripts illustrates the unique complexities of treating archives as a form of cultural property in armed conflict. In the end, the imperfect compromise satisfies neither side: The BnF is deprived of custody of items that have formed part of its collections for more than 140 years while technically, and perhaps uselessly, retaining formal legal title; South Korea, meanwhile, has physical custody of the archives while suffering the indignity of being denied ownership over its own national heritage.
Fully Automated Measurement of the Modulation Transfer Function of Charge-Coupled Devices above the Nyquist Frequency
Authors: Van den Broek Wouter , Van Aert Sandra , Van Dyck Dirk 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe charge-coupled devices used in electron microscopy are coated with a scintillating crystal that gives rise to a severe modulation transfer function (MTF). Exact knowledge of the MTF is imperative for a good correspondence between image simulation and experiment. We present a practical method to measure the MTF above the Nyquist frequency from the beam blocker's shadow image. The image processing has been fully automated and the program is made public. The method is successfully tested on three cameras with various beam blocker shapes.
Impolite orders in Ancient Greek?
Authors: Denizot Camille 
Published: February 2012

In Ancient Greek, an impolite order can be uttered by means of a negative interrogative in the future tense (οὐκ ἐρεῖς; ‘Won’t you talk?’). The aim of this paper is to understand to what extent this type of utterance is impolite, and to explain how such a conventional and indirect order can frequently take on an impolite meaning. For this purpose, data are taken from classical drama (Aristophanes’ and Euripides’ plays).
Drawing on criteria put forward by recent work on impoliteness, this study provides an accurate description of uses in discourse, in order to establish that this conventional order is never used with a polite intention, but regularly as an impolite order. Impoliteness can be explained by the locutionary form which gives an orientation to the interpretation of the utterance: an indirect and conventional expression cannot be polite if the locutionary meaning is opposed to it.
Bathythermal Habitat Use by Strains of Great Lakes‐ and Finger Lakes‐Origin Lake Trout in Lake Huron after a Change in Prey Fish Abundance and Composition
Authors: Bergstedt Roger A. , Argyle Ray L. , Krueger Charles C. , Taylor William W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA study conducted in Lake Huron during October 1998–June 2001 found that strains of Great Lakes‐origin (GLO) lake trout Salvelinus namaycush occupied significantly higher temperatures than did Finger Lakes‐origin (FLO; New York) lake trout based on data from archival (or data storage) telemetry tags that recorded only temperature. During 2002 and 2003, we implanted archival tags that recorded depth as well as temperature in GLO and FLO lake trout in Lake Huron. Data subsequently recorded by those tags spanned 2002–2005. Based on those data, we examined whether temperatures and depths occupied by GLO and FLO lake trout differed during 2002–2005. Temperatures occupied during those years were also compared with occupied temperatures reported for 1998–2001, before a substantial decline in prey fish biomass. Temperatures occupied by GLO lake trout were again significantly higher than those occupied by FLO lake trout. This result supports the conclusion of the previous study. The GLO lake trout also occupied significantly shallower depths than FLO lake trout. In 2002–2005, both GLO and FLO lake trout occupied significantly lower temperatures than they did in 1998–2001. Aside from the sharp decline in prey fish biomass between study periods, the formerly abundant pelagic alewife Alosa pseudoharengus virtually disappeared and the demersal round goby Neogobius melanostomus invaded the lake and became locally abundant. The lower temperatures occupied by lake trout in Lake Huron during 2002–2005 may be attributable to changes in the composition of the prey fish community, food scarcity (i.e., a retreat to cooler water could increase conversion efficiency), or both.
Species identification in seamount fish aggregations using moored underwater video
Authors: O'Driscoll Richard L. , de Joux Peter , Nelson Richard , Macaulay Gavin J. , Dunford Adam J. , Marriott Peter M. , Stewart Craig , Miller Brian S. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
O'Driscoll, R. L., de Joux, P., Nelson, R., Macaulay, G. J., Dunford, A. J., Marriott, P. M., Stewart, C., and Miller, B. S. 2012. Species identification in seamount fish aggregations using moored underwater video. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 648–659. Acoustic surveys of New Zealand deep-water seamounts often show fish aggregations up to 150 m high on the summit. Although bottom trawls on the seamount slopes catch predominantly orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), species composition in the midwater plumes is extremely uncertain. In June 2010, moored underwater video cameras were deployed on the summit of the Morgue seamount (summit depth 890 m), a feature that has been closed to fishing since 2001. Cameras and lights were timed to come on for 2 min every 2 h. Fish response to the mooring was monitored using vessel-mounted echosounders. Moored cameras confirmed that orange roughy were present up to 70 m above the seamount summit. Orange roughy made up 97% of the fish identified from the video. Other species observed included smooth oreo (Pseudocyttus maculatus), spiky oreo (Neocyttus rhomboidalis), deep-water dogfish, cardinalfish (Epigonus spp.), and squid. Total along-track backscatter from the plume varied by a factor of 25 over a period of hours. Peak acoustic densities in the plume (equivalent to 20 orange roughy m−3) were an order of magnitude higher than peak visual estimates (0.64 orange roughy m−3), but relative densities between paired video and acoustic observations were generally consistent.
Implications of using alternative methods of vessel monitoring system (VMS) data analysis to describe fishing activities and impacts
Authors: Lambert Gwladys I. , Jennings Simon , Hiddink Jan Geert , Hintzen Niels T. , Hinz Hilmar , Kaiser Michel J. , Murray Lee G. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Lambert, G. I., Hiddink, J. G., Hintzen, N. T., Hinz, H., Kaiser, M. J., Murray, L. G., and Jennings, S. 2012. Implications of using alternative methods of vessel monitoring system (VMS) data analysis to describe fishing activities and impacts. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 682–693. Understanding the spatial distribution and intensity of fishing activity is a prerequisite for estimating fishing impacts on seabed biota and habitats. Vessel monitoring system data provide information on fishing activity at large spatial scales. However, successive position records can be too infrequent to describe the complex movements fishing vessels make. High-frequency position data were collected to evaluate how polling frequency and the method of analysis influenced the estimates of fishing impact on the seabed and associated epifaunal communities. Comparisons of known positions with predictions from track interpolation revealed that the performance of interpolation depended on fleet behaviour. Descriptions and indicators of fishing intensity were influenced significantly by the analytical methods (track reconstruction, density of position records) and grid-cell resolution used for the analysis. These factors can lead to an underestimation of fishing impact on epifaunal communities. It is necessary to correct for such errors to quantify the effects of fishing on various ecosystem components and hence to inform ecosystem-based management. Polling at intervals of 30 min would provide a desirable compromise between achieving precise estimates of fishing impacts on the seabed and minimizing the cost of data collection and handling.
Paul
Authors: Sumney Jerry L. 
Published: February 2012

Paul is one of the most important figures in the earliest church. Although he was not a follower during the ministry of Jesus, he came to be recognized as an apostle. Seemingly the most successful missionary of the church during its first few decades, his converts were mostly non-Jews. He was not the first to admit gentiles into the church, but his work among them and his understanding of how they participate as full members permanently shape the history of the church. Paul is also the author of the earliest extant writings from the church. He begins writing his letters to churches approximately twenty years before the earliest of the canonical Gospels was composed. He is, then, a valuable source of information about the situation and beliefs of the earliest churches. Pauline studies have experienced several important shifts since the middle of the 20th century, even as the work of F. C. Baur continues to exert extraordinary influence. The groundbreaking work of E. P. Sanders on 1st-century Judaism has affected nearly every aspect of Pauline studies. Sanders’s view of Judaism supported new discussions about Paul’s theology, particularly some growing doubts about identifying justification by faith as its center. J. C. Beker’s emphasis on the contextual nature of Paul’s theologizing and the importance of eschatology for Paul began a move to examine the theology of each letter individually before producing a theology of the whole corpus. Sanders’s work also made room for a reexamination of the relationship between Paul’s churches and the synagogue, with most scholars seeing a closer relationship than had been hypothesized previously. Other developments in Pauline studies include the recognition of a closer relationship between Paul’s theology and his ethical instructions. Studies of ancient letters discovered since the 1920s opened ways to analyze the structure and categorize Paul’s writings by comparing them with contemporaneous materials. New methodologies were also introduced, particularly in understanding the social and cultural context of the letters. Methods from anthropology and postcolonial studies have shifted understandings of Paul’s stance with respect to Greco-Roman culture and the Roman Empire, such that he is often seen to possess a more countercultural stance. The rise of narrative theology contributed to a new interest in investigating the way Paul uses Israel’s Scriptures in his argumentation. Finally, there has been a renewed interest in a rhetorical analysis of Paul’s letters, with some scholars using ancient rhetorical categories; others, the “new rhetoric”; and still others devising distinctive methodologies.
Phenomenology
Authors: Gallagher Shaun 
Published: February 2012

Phenomenology is a philosophical tradition originating in the 20th century with the work of Edmund Husserl (b. 1859–d. 1938) and continued in authors such as Martin Heidegger (b. 1889–d. 1976), Jean-Paul Sartre (b. 1905–d. 1980), and Maurice Merleau-Ponty (b. 1908–d. 1961). It begins, in Husserl, with a descriptive analysis of consciousness proposed as the transcendental foundation for all other sciences. Husserl provides specific accounts of the central concepts of phenomenology, for example, intentionality, temporality, perception, and intersubjectivity. In later phenomenological philosophers this approach is extended to include more hermeneutical and existential issues, with emphasis on themes such as embodiment, being-in-the-world, and action. As a broad philosophical movement that includes developed views on topics from consciousness and intentionality to time, space, science, and art and that finds applications in multiple fields, including the behavioral, social, and cognitive sciences, medicine, and psychiatry, it is difficult to capture its full scope in a short and selective list of bibliographic starting points.
Ludovico Ariosto
Authors: Looney Dennis 
Published: February 2012

Ludovico Ariosto (b. 1474–d. 1533), whose work links 15th-century humanism with the vernacular classicism that burgeoned later in the 16th century, is a crucial figure in the development of Italian Renaissance literary culture. An accomplished Neo-Latin poet whose earliest letter is a request for books on Platonism from the Venetian publisher Aldus Manutius (1498), Ariosto used his considerable knowledge of classical Latin literature to forge a literary corpus that blends ancient literary models with medieval ones to create an impressive example of vernacular classicism. No less than his contemporary Michelangelo Buonarroti did for art, Ariosto took the literary revival of Antiquity to new heights. Accordingly, Ariosto can be seen as a forerunner of Miguel de Cervantes and other vernacular prose artists whose critical recapitulations of medieval chivalric fiction under the influence of classical works and classicizing authors like Ariosto eventually led to the birth of the novel. For modern readers who are accustomed to the conventions of modern fiction, at times Ariosto sounds strangely familiar, even postmodern.
Agnès Varda
Authors: Cooper Sarah 
Published: February 2012

Agnès Varda (b. 1928, Ixelles, Belgium–d. 2019, Paris, France) is without doubt the most significant woman director in the history of French cinema. Known affectionately as the mother and then grandmother of the French Nouvelle Vague (New Wave), her filmmaking career spans seven decades, and her more recent work is as innovative and critically acclaimed as was her groundbreaking debut, La Pointe Courte (1954). She was awarded an honorary Palme d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 2015 and was the first woman to receive this prestigious prize. This accolade was followed two years later with an honorary Oscar at the 2017 Academy Awards. The majority of her works emerged on the margins of official production and distribution, and she produced most of her films through her own company, Ciné-Tamaris. She made a wide variety of documentaries, fictions, shorts, and features, along with a number that lie between in style and length. All her films testify to her creativity as an artist, as does her written work throughout her career. Her move into installation art in the twenty-first century reflects her continued capacity for experimental innovation. This article charts the different facets of her work as filmmaker, writer, and installation artist, and also the relation her work bears to painting and photography.
Anesthetic Propofol Causes Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β-regulated Lysosomal/Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Macrophages
Authors: Hsing Chung-Hsi , Chen Yu-Hong , Chen Chia-Ling , Huang Wei-Ching , Lin Ming-Chung , Tseng Po-Chun , Wang Chi-Yun , Tsai Cheng-Chieh , Choi Pui-Ching , Lin Chiou-Feng 
Published: February 2012

Background
Overdose propofol treatment with a prolong time causes injury to multiple cell types; however, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Activation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β is proapoptotic under death stimuli. The authors therefore hypothesize that propofol overdose induces macrophage apoptosis through GSK-3β.

Methods
Phagocytic analysis by uptake of Staphylococcus aureus showed the effects of propofol overdose on murine macrophages RAW264.7 and BV2 and primary human neutrophils in vitro. The authors further investigated cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, and the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) by propidium iodide, annexin V, acridine orange, and rhodamine 123 staining, respectively. Protein analysis identified activation of apoptotic signals, and pharmacologic inhibition and genetic knockdown using lentiviral-based short hairpin RNA were further used to clarify their roles.

Results
A high dose of propofol caused phagocytic inhibition and apoptosis in vitro for 24 h (25 μg/ml, in triplicate) and in vivo for 6 h (10 mg/kg/h, n = 5 for each group). Propofol induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and MTP loss while stabilizing MTP and inhibiting caspase protected cells from mitochondrial apoptosis. Lysosomal cathepsin B was required for propofol-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization, MTP loss, and apoptosis. Propofol decreased antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and then caused proapoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) activation. Propofol-activated GSK-3β and inhibiting GSK-3β prevented Mcl-1 destabilization, MTP loss, and lysosomal/mitochondrial apoptosis. Forced expression of Mcl-1 prevented the apoptotic effects of propofol. Decreased Akt was important for GSK-3β activation caused by propofol.

Conclusions
These results suggest an essential role of GSK-3β in propofol-induced lysosomal/mitochondrial apoptosis.
Natural Hypolignification Is Associated with Extensive Oligolignol Accumulation in Flax Stems
Authors: Huis Rudy , Morreel Kris , Fliniaux Ophélie , Lucau-Danila Anca , Fénart Stéphane , Grec Sébastien , Neutelings Godfrey , Chabbert Brigitte , Mesnard François , Boerjan Wout , Hawkins Simon 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) stems contain cells showing contrasting cell wall structure: lignified in inner stem xylem tissue and hypolignified in outer stem bast fibers. We hypothesized that stem hypolignification should be associated with extensive phenolic accumulation and used metabolomics and transcriptomics to characterize these two tissues. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance clearly distinguished inner and outer stem tissues and identified different primary and secondary metabolites, including coniferin and p-coumaryl alcohol glucoside. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry aromatic profiling (lignomics) identified 81 phenolic compounds, of which 65 were identified, to our knowledge, for the first time in flax and 11 for the first time in higher plants. Both aglycone forms and glycosides of monolignols, lignin oligomers, and (neo)lignans were identified in both inner and outer stem tissues, with a preponderance of glycosides in the hypolignified outer stem, indicating the existence of a complex monolignol metabolism. The presence of coniferin-containing secondary metabolites suggested that coniferyl alcohol, in addition to being used in lignin and (neo)lignan formation, was also utilized in a third, partially uncharacterized metabolic pathway. Hypolignification of bast fibers in outer stem tissues was correlated with the low transcript abundance of monolignol biosynthetic genes, laccase genes, and certain peroxidase genes, suggesting that flax hypolignification is transcriptionally regulated. Transcripts of the key lignan genes Pinoresinol-Lariciresinol Reductase and Phenylcoumaran Benzylic Ether Reductase were also highly abundant in flax inner stem tissues. Expression profiling allowed the identification of NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) and MYB transcription factors that are likely involved in regulating both monolignol production and polymerization as well as (neo)lignan production.
Structure-Function Analysis of the Coiled-Coil and Leucine-Rich Repeat Domains of the RPS5 Disease Resistance Protein
Authors: Qi Dong , DeYoung Brody J. , Innes Roger W. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE5 (RPS5) disease resistance protein mediates recognition of the Pseudomonas syringae effector protein AvrPphB. RPS5 belongs to the coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CC-NBS-LRR) family and is activated by AvrPphB-mediated cleavage of the protein kinase PBS1. Here, we present a structure-function analysis of the CC and LRR domains of RPS5 using transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana. We found that substituting the CC domain of RPS2 for the RPS5 CC domain did not alter RPS5 specificity and only moderately reduced its ability to activate programmed cell death, suggesting that the CC domain does not play a direct role in the recognition of PBS1 cleavage. Analysis of an RPS5-super Yellow Fluorescent Protein fusion revealed that RPS5 localizes to the plasma membrane (PM). Alanine substitutions of predicted myristoylation (glycine-2) and palmitoylation (cysteine-4) residues affected RPS5 PM localization, protein stability, and function in an additive manner, indicating that PM localization is essential to RPS5 function. The first 20 amino acids of RPS5 were sufficient for directing super Yellow Fluorescent Protein to the PM. C-terminal truncations of RPS5 revealed that the first four LRR repeats are sufficient for inhibiting RPS5 autoactivation; however, the complete LRR domain was required for the recognition of PBS1 cleavage. Substitution of the RPS2 LRR domain resulted in the autoactivation of RPS5, indicating that the LRR domain must coevolve with the NBS domain. We conclude that the RPS5 LRR domain functions to suppress RPS5 activation in the absence of PBS1 cleavage and promotes RPS5 activation in its presence.
Child maltreatment: the Lebanese children's experiences
Authors: Usta J. , Farver J. M. , Danachi D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground  This study examined the prevalence, risk factors and consequences associated with child maltreatment in the home.Methods  The sample was 1028 (556 boys; 472 girls) Lebanese children aged 8–17 years (M = 11.89; SD = 1.67). Children were administered an interview questionnaire that included the International Child Abuse Screening Tool, the Trauma Symptom Checklist and the Family Functioning in Adolescence Questionnaire.Results  Approximately 30% of the children reported at least one incident of witnessing violence, 65% reported at least one incident of psychological abuse and 54% reported at least one incident of physical abuse over a 1‐year period. The results showed an overlap between children's reports of witnessing violence in their homes and physical and psychological abuse that were associated with adolescents' trauma symptoms. Family‐related variables significantly predicted three forms of child maltreatment.Conclusion  These results highlight the importance of examining children's multiple experiences of violence in their homes in research designs, prevention efforts and policy mandates. However, it should be noted that estimates of prevalence (as opposed to estimates of the relation between variables which is relatively more robust to selection bias) are open to error because of the nature of our sample.