bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fun and Accurate Static Balance Training to Enhance Fall Prevention Ability of Aged Adults: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Lai Chung‐Liang , Tseng Shiuan‐Yu , Huang Chien‐Hua , Pei Chun , Chi Wei‐Min , Hsu Liang‐Ching , Sun Tien‐Lung 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFall prevention is critical for aged adults as falling down has been cited as the number one cause of accidental death in aged adults. Static balance training is an effective method of increasing the balancing capacity in aged adults and reducing their fall risk. This article discusses a method that combines virtual reality (VR) technology with motion‐capture devices for aged adults to practice static balance training in a fun and accurate environment. The aged adults wore motion‐capture devices to interactively manipulate a three‐dimensional (3D) human model (HM) in a virtual environment to follow a 3D posture model (PM). The proposed method was implemented using commercial, off‐the‐shelf 3D tools. A preliminary usability study was conducted, and the results show that the parameters of PM design will affect the aged adult's posture control performance. Our method has several advantages over the currently existing approaches. First, by adjusting the PM parameters, different posture control programs could be designed to support customized static balance training. Second, collision detections between the HM and PM could be used to accurately monitor the posture control process and to interactively provide feedback to the trainee. Third, posture control quality could be quantitatively evaluated by analyzing the collision data between the HM and PM. The proposed method could be used to develop a fun, accurate, and customized static balancing capacity training environment for aged adults. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Concise and Efficient Synthesis of Rubrolides C and E via Intramolecular Wittig Reaction
Authors: Tale Nilesh P. , Shelke Amol V. , Tiwari Girdharilal B. , Thorat Prerana B. , Karade Nandkishor N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA short total synthesis of rubrolides C and E has been achieved in four steps, using readily available 4‐methoxyacetophenone, 2‐bromoacetic acid, and the appropriate aromatic aldehyde, in 46 and 45% yield, respectively. Key reactions involved are α‐tosyloxylation of the aryl methyl ketone, intramolecular Wittig reaction, Knoevenagel condensation, and demethylation.
Synthesis of Halogenated α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Butyrolactone Derivatives by Triphenylphosphine‐Catalyzed Cyclization of α‐Halogeno Ketones with Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates (=Dialkyl But‐2‐ynedioates)
Authors: Asghari Sakineh , Khabbazi Habibi Ahmad 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA Ph3P‐catalyzed cyclization of α‐halogeno ketones 2 with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates (=dialkyl but‐2‐ynedioates) 3 produced halogenated α,β‐unsaturated γ‐butyrolactone derivatives 4 in good yields (Scheme 1, Table). The presence of electron‐withdrawing groups such as halogen atoms at the α‐position of the ketones was necessary in this reaction. Cyclization of α‐chloro ketones resulted in higher yields than that of the corresponding α‐bromo ketones. Dihalogeno ketones similarly afforded the expected γ‐butyrolactone derivatives in high yields.
One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of N2‐Alkyl‐N3‐[2‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)aryl]benzofuran‐2,3‐diamines
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Sheikhi Ehsan , Karimzadeh Morteza , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza , Amanlou Massoud 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA simple synthesis of N2‐alkyl‐N3‐[2‐(1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)aryl]benzofuran‐2,3‐diamines 5 via a one‐pot four‐component reaction is described (Scheme 1). A mixture of N‐(isocyanoimino)triphenylphosphorane (1), a 2‐aminobenzoic acid 2, a 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde 3, and an isocyanide 4 in absolute EtOH at room temperature undergoes a smooth reaction to afford 5 in excellent yields (Table).
New Efficient Synthetic Pathways to Tetrakis{p‐[(diethylphosphono)methyl]}calix[4]arene
Authors: Mourer Maxime , Regnouf‐de‐Vains Jean‐Bernard 
Published: May 2012

AbstractVarious operating conditions have been applied on tetrakis[p‐(halogenomethyl)]‐ and tetrakis[p‐(aminomethyl)]calix[4]arene derivatives to improve the synthesis of the 5,11,17,23‐tetrakis[(diethylphosphono)methyl]‐25,26,27,28‐tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene. Two new, high yield, synthetic pathways have been selected, involving, for the first one, the 25,26,27,28‐tetrahydroxy‐5,11,17,23‐tetrakis[(trimethylamino)methyl]calix[4]arene, tetraiodide, DMF, and 10 equiv. of triethyl phosphite ((EtO)3P), and, for the other one, the 5,11,17,23‐tetra(bromomethyl)‐25,26,27,28‐tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene, CH2Cl2, and only 4 equiv. of (EtO)2P.
A Straightforward Synthesis of 2‐[1‐Alkyl‐5,6‐bis(alkoxycarbonyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐oxopyridin‐3‐yl]acetic Acid Derivatives via Domino Michael AdditionCyclization Reaction
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rezvanian Atieh 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA new and efficient synthesis of 2‐[1‐alkyl‐5,6‐bis(alkoxycarbonyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐oxopyridin‐3‐yl]acetic acid derivatives by a one‐pot three‐component reaction between primary amine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and itaconic anhydride (=3,4‐dihydro‐3‐methylidenefuran‐2,5‐dione) is reported. The reaction was performed without catalyst and under solvent‐free conditions with excellent yields. Notably, the ready availability of the starting materials, and the high level of practicability of the reaction and workup make this approach an attractive complementary method to access to unknown 2‐[1‐alkyl‐5,6‐bis(alkoxycarbonyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐oxopyridin‐3‐yl]acetic acid derivatives. The structures were corroborated spectroscopically (IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, and EI‐MS) and by elemental analyses. A plausible mechanism for this type of domino Michael additioncyclization reaction is proposed (Scheme 2).
Synthesis and Characterization of Enantiomerically Pure cis‐ and trans‐3‐Fluoro‐2,4‐dioxa‐7‐aza‐3‐phosphadecalin 3‐Oxides as Acetylcholine Mimetics and Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Wächter Michael , Rüedi Peter 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe title compounds, the P(3)‐axially and P(3)‐equatorially substituted cis‐ and trans‐configured 7‐benzyl‐3‐fluoro‐2,4‐dioxa‐7‐aza‐3‐phosphadecalin 3‐oxides (=7‐benzyl‐3‐fluoro‐2,4‐dioxa‐7‐aza‐3‐phosphabicyclo[4.4.0]decane 3‐oxides=5‐benzyl‐2‐fluorohexahydro‐4H‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorino[5,4‐b]pyridine 2‐oxides) were prepared (ee>99%) and fully characterized (Schemes 2 and 4). The absolute configurations were established from that of their precursors, the enantiomerically pure cis‐ and trans‐1‐benzyl‐3‐hydroxypiperidine‐2‐methanols which were unambiguously assigned. Being configuratively fixed and conformationally constrained phosphorus analogues of acetylcholine, they mimic rotamers of acetylcholine and are suitable probes for the investigation of molecular interactions with acetylcholinesterase. As determined by kinetic methods, the compounds are irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme displaying significant stereoselectivity.
Novel Synthesis of 2‐Alkylquinolizinium‐1‐olates and Their 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions with Acetylenes
Authors: Gebert Andreas , Barth Max , Linden Anthony , Widmer Ulrich , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSeveral 2‐alkylquinolizinium‐1‐olates 9, i.e., heterobetaines, were prepared from ketone 11, the latter being readily available either from pyridine‐2‐carbaldehyde via a Grignard reaction, followed by oxidation with MnO2, or from 2‐picolinic acid (=pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acid) via the corresponding Weinreb amide and subsequent Grignard reaction. Mesoionic heterobetaines such as quinolizinium derivatives have the potential to undergo cycloaddition reactions with double and triple bonds, e.g., 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions or DielsAlder reactions. We here report on the scope and limitations of cycloaddition reactions of 2‐alkylquinolizinium‐1‐olates 9 with electron‐poor acetylene derivatives. As main products of the reaction, 5‐oxopyrrolo[2,1,5‐de]quinolizines (=‘[2.3.3]cyclazin‐5‐ones’) 19 were formed via a regioselective [2+3] cycloaddition, and cyclohexadienone derivatives, formed via a DielsAlder reaction, were obtained as side products. The structures of 2‐benzylquinolizinium‐1‐olate (9a) and two ‘[2.3.3]cyclazin‐5‐ones’ 19i and 19l were established by X‐ray crystallography.
1,2‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)ethene‐1,2‐dicarbonitrile and Vinyl Ethers: Cyclic Ketene Imines on the Pathway to 1 : 2 Cycloadducts
Authors: Urrutia Desmaison Gonzalo , Huisgen Rolf , Nöth Heinrich 
Published: May 2012

Abstract(E)‐ and (Z)‐1,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)ethene‐1,2‐dicarbonitrile (BTE; (=E)‐ and (Z)‐1,2‐bis(trifluoromethyl)but‐2‐enedinitrile) were reacted with an excess of methyl vinyl ether, used as solvent, and furnished 1 : 2 adducts 6 (54%) and cyclobutanes 3 as 1 : 1 adducts (41%). The four diastereoisomeric bis‐adducts 6 (different ratios from (E)‐ and (Z)‐BTE) are derivatives of 1‐azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct‐5‐ene; X‐ray analyses and 19F‐NMR spectra revealed their structures. Since the cyclobutanes 3 are resistant to vinyl ether, the pathways leading to mono‐ and bis‐adducts must compete on the level of the intermediate l,4‐zwitterions 1 and 2. The latter either cyclize to the cyclobutanes 3 or to six‐membered cyclic ketene imines 8 which accept a second molecule of vinyl ether to yield the bis‐adducts 6. The occurrence of the highly strained ketene imines 8 gains credibility by comparison to stable seven‐membered cyclic ketene imines recently reported.
Asymmetric Intermolecular Mizoroki‐Heck Reaction: From Phosphine/Phosphinite‐Nitrogen to Phosphite‐Nitrogen Ligands
Authors: Diéguez Montserrat , Pàmies Oscar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis review discusses the latest developments in ligand design for the Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular Mizoroki‐Heck reaction, from the successful phosphine/phosphinite‐nitrogen ligands to the recently reported phosphite‐nitrogen ligands. The presence of a biaryl phosphite group offers several advantages as a ligand scaffold for this process.
A simple and fast method for profiling microRNA expression from low‐input total RNA by microarray
Authors: Zhao Botao , Jin Li , Wei Jiali , Ma Zhongliang , Jiang Weijun , Ma Lijun , Jin Youxin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAnalysis of mature microRNA (miRNA) expression is important to understand its physiological functions and pathological implications. Microarray is a powerful technology to profile global miRNA expression. In this study, we developed a rapid miRNA labeling method by which miRNA was directly labeled in total RNA for microarray detection. This method consists of RNA tailing by poly(A) polymerase, reverse transcription, and template‐switching by moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV) reverse transcriptase. After these reactions, the small RNA cDNA was ready for labeling for microarray detection. The whole process of prearray sample preparation was dramatically shortened to 2 h. Furthermore, this method allows very limited starting total RNA (100 ng) for microarray analysis. Our data showed that the results from our method were highly consistent with that of real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(7): 612–616, 2012
Chip‐scale microscopy imaging
Authors: Zheng Guoan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractChip‐scale microscopy imaging platforms are pivotal for improving the efficiency of modern biomedical and bioscience experiments. Their integration with other lab‐on‐a‐chip techniques would allow rapid, reliable and high‐throughput sample analysis for applications in diverse disciplines. In typical chip‐scale microscopy imaging platforms, the light path can be generalized to the following steps: photons leave the light source, interact with the sample and finally are detected by the sensor. Based on the light path of these platforms, the current review aims to provide some insights on design strategies for chip‐scale microscopy. Specifically, we analyze current chip‐scale microscopy approaches from three aspects: illumination design, sample manipulation and substrate/imager modification. We also discuss some opportunities for future developments of chip‐scale microscopy, such as time multiplexed structured illumination and hydrodynamic focusing for high throughput sample manipulation. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimum culture medium composition for rhamnolipid production by pseudomonas aeruginosa AT10 using a novel multi‐objective optimization method
Authors: Eswari Jujjavarapu Satya , Anand Mohan , Venkateswarlu Chimmiri 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Rhamnolipid is a biosurfactant that finds wide applications in pharmaceuticals and beauty products. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a producer of rhamnolipids, and the process can be implemented under laboratory‐scale conditions. Rhamnolipid concentration depends on medium composition namely, carbon source concentration, nitrogen source concentration, phosphate content and iron content. In this work, existing data7 were used to develop an artificial neural network‐based response surface model (ANN RSM) for rhamnolipid production by pseudomonas aeruginosa AT10. This ANN RSM model is integrated with non‐dominated sorting differential evolution (DE) to identify the optimum medium composition for this process.RESULTS: Different strategies for optimization of culture medium composition for this process were evaluated, and the best determined to be an ANN model combined with DE involving a combination of Naïve and Slow and ε‐constrained techniques. The optimal culture medium is determined to have carbon source concentration of 49.86 g dm−3, nitrogen source concentration of 4.99 g dm−3, phosphate content of 1.42 g dm−3, and iron content of 17.12 g dm−3. The maximum rhamnolipid activity was found to be 18.07 g dm−3, which compares favorably with that previously reported (18.66 g dm−3), and is in fact closer to the experimentally determined value of 16.50 g dm−3.CONCLUSION: This method has distinct advantages over methods using statistical regression models, and can be used for optimization of other multi‐objective biosurfactant production processes. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term administration of AMD3100, an antagonist of SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling, alters fracture repair
Authors: Toupadakis Chrisoula A. , Wong Alice , Genetos Damian C. , Chung Dai‐Jung , Murugesh Deepa , Anderson Matthew J. , Loots Gabriela G. , Christiansen Blaine A. , Kapatkin Amy S. , Yellowley Clare E. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractFracture healing involves rapid stem and progenitor cell migration, homing, and differentiation. SDF‐1 (CXCL12) is considered a master regulator of CXCR4‐positive stem and progenitor cell trafficking to sites of ischemic (hypoxic) injury and regulates their subsequent differentiation into mature reparative cells. In this study, we investigated the role of SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling in fracture healing where vascular disruption results in hypoxia and SDF‐1 expression. Mice were injected with AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, or vehicle twice daily until euthanasia with the intent to impair stem cell homing to the fracture site and/or their differentiation. Fracture healing was evaluated using micro‐computed tomography, histology, quantitative PCR, and mechanical testing. AMD3100 administration resulted in a significantly reduced hyaline cartilage volume (day 14), callus volume (day 42) and mineralized bone volume (day 42) and reduced expression of genes associated with endochondral ossification including collagen Type 1 alpha 1, collagen Type 2 alpha 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, Annexin A5, nitric oxide synthase 2, and mechanistic target of rapamycin. Our data suggest that the SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling plays a central role in bone healing possibly by regulating the recruitment and/or differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1853–1859, 2012
Effect of maturation and cold storage on the organic acid composition of myrtle fruits
Authors: Mulas Maurizio , Fadda Angela , Angioni Alberto 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effect of maturation and senescence on the chemical composition of two myrtle cultivars was studied in mature, overripe and cold‐stored fruits in order to find the most appropriate harvesting period and best storage technology for industrial purposes.RESULTS: After cold storage at 10 °C for 15 days, berry weight loss ranged from 12.5 to 18.4%, with the highest losses in less mature fruits. Titratable acidity decreased during maturation and cold storage in both cultivars. Reducing and total sugars increased during maturation. Anthocyanin concentration increased during maturation but decreased in overripe berries. The major organic acids in myrtle fruits were quinic, malic and gluconic acids. In fresh and cold‐stored fruits, malic acid rose to 3 g kg−1 and decreased thereafter. Quinic acid peaked at 90 or 120 days after bloom and decreased thereafter to reach low concentrations in mature fruits.CONCLUSION: Cold storage for 15 days at 10 °C does not affect myrtle fruit quality for liqueur production. Anthocyanin concentration is the best indicator of harvest time for industrial purposes. Gluconic acid concentration is high in mature, overripe and cold‐stored berries. This parameter can be used as a marker of the onset of fruit senescence. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
1,3‐Bis‐dibutylaminopropan‐2‐ol as inhibitor for reinforcement steel in chloride‐contaminated simulated concrete pore solution
Authors: Liu J. P. , Chen C. C. , Cai J. S. , Liu J. Z. , Cui G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn organic compound, 1,3‐bis‐dibutylaminopropan‐2‐ol (BDAP) was prepared and tested experimentally as inhibitor for reinforcement steel in simulated concrete pore solution. The electrochemical behavior of carbon steel electrodes immersed in simulated pore solutions with different concentration of BDAP was investigated by electrochemical measurements. Adsorption isotherm was determined based on the inhibition efficiency. The surface composition was evaluated via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well in order to verify the presence and adsorption property of BDAP. The results showed that BDAP could effectively suppress the anodic process of carbon steel corrosion and the inhibition efficiency was improving with the increase of inhibitor concentration. BDAP could adsorb on carbon steel surface according to Langmuir adsorption isotherm. XPS spectrum certified the existence of BDAP on the steel surface.
Corrosion behaviour of twin belt cast EN AW 7075 alloy
Authors: Birol Y. , Birol F. , Yuksel B. , Duygulu O. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe corrosion behaviour of the twin belt cast EN AW 7075 alloy is governed by intermetallic phases, namely Al12(Fe,Cr,Mn)3Si, Mg2Si and CuAl2, and by Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 precipitates. The former are responsible for pitting activities while the Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 precipitates play a key role in intergranular corrosion. The very fine dispersion of Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 precipitates in samples aged to peak hardness undergo coarsening, particularly along the grain boundaries, when the hot band samples are overaged. Overageing improves the resistance to intergranular corrosion while the samples in T6 temper suffer heavy attack along grain boundaries. While ageing treatments hardly produce any change in the features of the intermetallic particles, they nevertheless seem to impact the pitting response. This may be accounted for also by the precipitation activities which in turn, change the chemistry of the solid solution matrix. Overageing to the T73 temper implies a higher purity matrix and thus changes the microgalvanic effects when exposed to neutral chloride solutions.
Poly(3‐octylthiophene) thermally treated as coating for corrosion protection of SS304 in sulfuric acid media
Authors: León‐Silva U. , Nicho M. E. , González‐Rodríguez J. G. , Chacón‐Nava J. G. , Salinas‐Bravo V. M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPoly(3‐octylthiophene) (P3OT) was synthesized by direct oxidation of the 3‐octylthiophene monomer using ferric chloride (FeCl3) as an oxidant. Using the drop‐casting technique, P3OT coatings were deposited onto 304 type stainless steel electrodes. For the purpose of determining the effect of thermal annealing on the corrosion protection of stainless steel with P3OT coatings, the coated electrodes were thermally annealed for 30 h at two different temperatures, 55 and 100 °C. The corrosion behavior of P3OT coated stainless steel was investigated in 0.5 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at room temperature using potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPC), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicated that the thermally treated P3OT coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel in 0.5 M H2SO4. The best corrosion protection was obtained by the P3OT coating annealed at 100 °C. In order to study the temperature effect on the morphology of the coatings before and after the corrosive environment and compare it with corrosion protection, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were used.
Corrosion of Al 7075 alloy during the production of aeronautic components: Influence of process parameters at the deburring stage
Authors: Faria M. I. S. T. , Robin A. , Prisco L. P. , Puccini M. C. , Gonçalves D. C. , Lourenço J. C. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAluminum alloys of the 7XXX series are widely used in aircraft applications. During the manufacturing of aeronautic components, the parts pass through four production phases (milling/drilling, deburring/adjustment, non‐destructive testing, and surface treatment) and come into contact with several kinds of fluids such as degreasing and cleaning solutions, which can lead to the occurence of surface defects due to localized corrosion, then requiring reworking or scrapping. The present study aimed at studying the influence of process parameters in the deburring/adjustment stage on the development of surface defects in 7075 alloy parts. The methodology consisted of design of experiments, immersion and drying tests, and surface analysis for quantification of corrosion damage. The results showed that the degreasing bath concentration and temperature, the immersion time of the aluminum parts in the degreasing solution, and the use of solvent pre‐cleaning had no significant influence on the quantity of surface defects. Therefore, these factors do not need to be rigorously controlled in the process. Clean washing water must be preferred and the parts must be dried in the stove at 110 °C in order to ensure a surface free of defects. The immersion and electrochemical tests showed that the occurrence of surface defects is lower in aged degreasing solution than in recently prepared solution.
Structure‐Property Optimizations in Donor Polymers via Electronics, Substituents, and Side Chains Toward High Efficiency Solar Cells
Authors: Uy Rycel L. , Price Samuel C. , You Wei 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMany advances in organic photovoltaic efficiency are not yet fully understood and new insight into structure‐property relationships is required to push this technology into broad commercial use. The aim of this article is not to comprehensively review recent work, but to provide commentary on recent successes and forecast where researchers should look to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaics. By lowering the LUMO level, utilizing electron‐withdrawing substituents advantageously, and employing appropriate side chains on donor polymers, researchers can elucidate further aspects of polymer‐PCBM interactions while ultimately developing materials that will push past 10% efficiency.