bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing Concerns of Vulnerable Older Canadians
Authors: Weeks Lori E. , LeBlanc Kristal 
Published: August 2010

RÉSUMÉLa préparation pour les besoins futurs de logement des personnes âgées est impérative dans les pays avec des populations vieillissantes, mais peu est connu sur ces questions parmi les adultes plus âgés vulnérables. Cette étude a utilisé une approche qualitative pour identifier les préoccupations majeures au sujet de logement dans ce groupe. Un total de 84 personnes âgées vulnérables, y compris des personnes agées indigènes souffrant de divers handicaps et des minorités ethniques ont participé en 10 groupes de discussion. Les normes de besoins de logement de la Société canadienne d’hypothèques et de logement (SCHL) ont offert un cadre d’analyse de données de base, avec l’identification des thèmes de logement clés supplémentaires entre et au sein de groupes des personnes âgées vulnérables. Les résultats fournissent un aperçu sur les caractéristiques de logement préféré, indépendamment de la forme de logement. En outre, les résultats fournissent un aperçu de comment prendre en charge les adultes âgés vulnérables qui choisissent de rester dans leurs maisons et leurs communautés, et comment garantir que logement approprié est développé qui répond aux besoins de cette population diversifiée.
Out of the deep sea into a land-based aquarium environment: investigating physiological adaptations in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus
Authors: Bettencourt Raul , Costa Valentina , Laranjo Mário , Rosa Domitília , Pires Luís , Colaço Ana , Lopes Humberto , Serrão Santos Ricardo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBettencourt, R., Costa, V., Laranjo, M., Rosa, D., Pires, L., Colaço, A., Lopes, H., and Serrão Santos, R. 2011. Out of the deep sea into a land-based aquarium environment: investigating physiological adaptations in the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 357–364. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are considered to be some of the most extreme environments in the world, yet the animals dwelling around the vent sites exhibit high productivity and must therefore deal with unusual levels of heavy metals, pH, temperature, CO2, and sulphides, in addition to environmental microbes. In an attempt to understand the physiological reactions of animals able to endure these extreme conditions, adaptation processes in the mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus maintained for long periods under laboratory conditions were investigated. Even in the absence of the characteristic high hydrostatic pressure found at deep-sea vent sites and without methane and/or sulphide supplementation, vent mussels seem to survive well in aquarium conditions. Therefore, the maintenance of live vent mussels in our laboratory is a key factor in gaining insights into their physiology, as well as into the study of evolutionary conserved molecules commonly found in other marine bivalves. With the aim of finding distinct genetic signatures in the expression of genes such as the metal-binding protein metallothionein (MT), the present work centred on cellular and humoral mechanisms in animals acclimatized to “sea-level” conditions. In addition, we also conducted experiments under hydrostatic pressure, using the hyperbaric chamber IPOCAMP to establish an in vitro experimental system in which the expression of genes that typically respond to heavy metal contaminants and oxidative stress could be studied under controlled hyperbaric pressure. We also analysed the occurrence of glycosylation in mantle and gill tissues from mussels subjected to elevated hyperbaric pressure, as well as the variation in haemocyte total counts as a result of increased pressure. Our results suggest that even after prolonged aquarium maintenance at atmospheric pressure, mussels were still able to induce the MT gene, whether or not they had been subjected to repressurization in the IPOCAMP chamber. Taken together, our results suggest that B. azoricus can be used as a model species and is particularly useful for the assessment of expression levels of critical genes, such as MT, in response to experimentally induced hydrostatic pressure.
LabHorta: a controlled aquarium system for monitoring physiological characteristics of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus
Authors: Colaço Ana , Bettencourt Raul , Costa Valentina , Lino Silvia , Lopes Humberto , Martins Inês , Pires Luis , Prieto Catarina , Serrão Santos Ricardo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractColaço, A., Bettencourt, R., Costa, V., Lino, S., Lopes, H., Martins, I., Pires, L., Prieto, C., and Serrão Santos, R. 2011. LabHorta: a controlled aquarium system for monitoring physiological characteristics of the hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 349–356. LabHorta is a facility composed of laboratories and retrievable deep-sea cages created to support and expand the capabilities of research cruises. It also enhances the ability to conduct experimental studies with organisms from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and other deep-sea environments, while keeping them under controlled conditions of pressure and water chemistry. This paper presents a case study with the vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus (which harbours a dual symbiosis) collected at the Menez Gwen hydrothermal vent field at 840-m depth, transported to experimental aquaria at atmospheric pressure and maintained under four different controlled experimental conditions to study their comparative condition index (CI). Environmental parameters were monitored daily and efforts were made to keep these constant. During the first few months, there were differences between the CI scores of mussels kept under the various conditions. After 6 months, the differences are not so clear but mussels still had sulphur-oxidizing bacteria when fed with sulphide. The methane oxidizer bacteria disappear even in the presence of methane. A range of CI scores appeared as a function of the culture type. The LabHorta facility is a good tool for performing long-term physiological studies of deep-sea organisms, simulating possible changes in the natural environmental where they normally thrive.
Histogenesis of congenital and acquired melanocytic nevi based on histological study of lesion size and thickness
Authors: TOKUDA Yasutaka , SAIDA Toshiaki , MURATA Hiroshi , MURASE Sumio , OOHARA Kuniaki 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe histogenesis of melanocytic nevi is poorly understood. It is important to determine the differences and similarities in histogenesis between congenital and acquired nevi. To clarify the histogenic differences between acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) and congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN), diameter and depth of nevus cells (tumor thickness) were examined in histological specimens from 80 cases of CMN and 71 cases of AMN, and these nevi were classified according to Mark’s pathological CMN criteria. In all cases, giant CMN nevus cells were found in the lower marginal portion of excised specimens. The mean diameter and lesional thickness were significantly higher in CMN than in AMN. AMN diameter showed a significant correlation (r = 0.567, P < 0.05) with lesional thickness, while no such relation was observed in CMN. In addition, a significant correlation between lesion diameter and thickness was observed in small (<10 mm) non‐Mark’s type CMN (r = 0.626, P < 0.05). CMN may be classified into three subtypes: (i) caused by increased proliferation of melanoblasts during the course of migration from the neural crest to the epidermis; (ii) proliferation of nevus cells after arrival at the epidermis, and nevus cell distribution affected by adnexa and dermal differentiation; and (iii) arising after completion of skin development before birth.
Changes in smoking prevalence in 16–17‐year‐old versus older adults following a rise in legal age of sale: findings from an English population study
Authors: Fidler Jennifer A. , West Robert 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAim  To assess smoking prevalence before and after the rise in legal age of sale of cigarettes in England and Wales from age 16 to age 18 in October 2007.Design  A series of monthly cross‐sectional household surveys: the ‘Smoking Toolkit Study’.Setting  England.Participants  A total of 53 322 adults aged 16 and over interviewed between October 2006 and May 2009, 1136 of whom were aged 16 or 17 years.Measurements  Change in smoking prevalence from pre‐ to post‐legislation, assessed by self‐reported smoking status, among the 16–17‐year‐old group and older adults.Findings  The prevalence change following the legislation among those aged 16 and 17 was 7.1 percentage points (denominator = 1136) compared with 2.4 percentage points (denominator = 52 186) for older adults (odds ratio 1.36, P = 0.024, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.77 for the interaction). There was no difference within older age categories.Conclusions  There was a greater fall in prevalence in 16–17‐year‐olds following an increase in age of sale than in older age groups. This provides some support to the view that raising the age of sale can, at least in some circumstances, reduce smoking prevalence in younger age groups.
Meta‐analysis: ribavirin plus interferon vs. interferon monotherapy for chronic hepatitic C – an updated Cochrane review
Authors: Brok J. , Gluud L.‐L. , Gluud C. 
Published: August 2010

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 840–850SummaryBackground  Multiple randomized trials have been published on antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C.Aim  To meta‐analyse the effect of adding ribavirin to interferon for chronic hepatitis C.Methods  The results of randomized trials were combined in cumulative meta‐analyses. Trial sequential analyses were used to adjust for spurious results because of random errors and multiplicity. The outcome measures were undetectable hepatitis C virus RNA in serum (sustained virological response) and liver‐related morbidity plus all‐cause mortality.Results  We included 82 randomized trials with 12 615 patients. Trial sequential analysis established clear beneficial effect of interferon plus ribavirin vs. interferon on the sustained virological response in 1998 after nine trials (RR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.64–0.85, P < 0.0001, 1734 patients). Subsequently, additional 73 trials were published just narrowing the confidence interval and decreasing the P‐value. By contrast, trial sequential analysis found that additional evidence is needed to convincingly detect a beneficial effect of interferon plus ribavirin vs. interferon monotherapy on clinical outcomes.Conclusions  The rationale behind several recent trials on adding ribavirin to interferon for chronic hepatitis C is debatable as the effect on virological response is established. More evidence is needed to assess if adding ribavirin to interferon improves clinical outcomes.
Thomsen's parameters from p‐wave measurements in a spherical sample‡
Authors: Bóna Andrej , Nadri Dariush , Brajanovski Miroslav 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to understand the seismic anisotropy of the overburden shale in an oilfield in the North West Shelf of Western Australia. To this end, we first find the orientation of the symmetry axis of a spherical shale sample from measurements of ultrasonic P‐wave velocities in 132 directions at the reservoir pressure. After transforming the data to the symmetry axis coordinates, we find Thomsen's anisotropy parameters δ and ɛ using these measurements and measurements of the shear‐wave velocity along the symmetry axis from a well log. To find these anisotropy parameters, we use a very fast simulated re‐annealing algorithm with an objective function that contains only the measured ray velocities, their numerical derivatives and the unknown elasticity parameters. The results show strong elliptical anisotropy in the overburden shale. This approach produces smaller uncertainty of Thomsen parameter δ than more direct approaches.
Brining kinetics of different cuts of anchovy (Engraulis anchoita)
Authors: Czerner Marina , Yeannes María I. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBrining is a preliminary operation in the process of salting–ripening anchovy in which, conventionally, whole fish is immersed in saturated brine (osmotic solution) until equilibrium. The aim of this work was to study the mass transfer kinetics in three different cuts of anchovy (whole fish, gutted fish and fillet) and to model it using the Zugarramurdi and Lupín and the Peleg equations. Fillet reached equilibrium after 5 h, gutted fish after 10.42 h and whole fish after 19.75 h. Equilibrium constants were 1.054, 0.706 and 0.603 for fillet, gutted fish and whole anchovy, respectively. These results indicate that the presence of skin affects both the initial rate of mass transfer and the equilibrium water and salt content. The Peleg model was more suitable to describe the salt gain kinetics, and the Zugarramurdi and Lupín model results in a more accurate prediction of water loss and equilibrium conditions.
‘Mutual intacting’: a grounded theory study of clinical judgement practice issues
Authors: Elliott Naomi 
Published: August 2010

elliott n. (2010) ‘Mutual intacting’: a grounded theory study of clinical judgement practice issues. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(12), 2711–2721.AbstractAim.  This paper reports a study conducted to explore how nurses working at advanced practice level in chronic and acute care outpatient contexts responded to decision‐making concerns in clinical practice.Background.  Current theoretical explanations of clinical judgement offer insight into how healthcare professionals process information; however, they are incomplete as they do not consider psychosocial issues. Research evidence informing clinical judgement practice is based largely on acute care hospital settings. Consequently, little is known about how practitioners make clinical judgements in outpatient contexts where patients can participate in their own care.Method.  A grounded theory approach was used to analyse interview data about clinical judgements made in actual clinical practice. Twenty‐one nurses working at advanced practice level in mental healthcare clinics and accident and emergency in the Republic of Ireland were recruited. Concurrent data collection and analysis, constant comparative analysis and theoretical sampling were conducted in 2002–2005.Findings.  The core category to emerge from the data was ‘mutual intacting’. This refers to the main strategies that practitioners used to resolve concerns about eliciting patient information and selecting treatments that were acceptable to patients. It highlights the clinical judgement practices that practitioners find useful to engage patients to facilitate effective decision‐making.Conclusion.  Practitioners could draw from the various strategies identified in this research to develop their clinical judgement practice further in ways that include the development of an effective relationship with their patients. Negotiation and compromise are particularly useful strategies that should be used to facilitate effective treatment delivery that takes account of patients’ circumstances.
Family caregivers’ needs predict functional recovery of older care recipients after hip fracture
Authors: Shyu Yea‐Ing Lotus , Chen Min‐Chi , Wu Chi‐Chuan , Cheng Huey‐Shinn 
Published: August 2010

shyu y.‐i.l., chen m.‐c., wu c.‐c. & cheng h.‐s. (2010) Family caregivers’ needs predict functional recovery of older care recipients after hip fracture. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(11), 2450–2459.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of the effect of family caregivers’ needs on the functional recovery of elders with a hip fracture during the first 6 months after discharge.Background.  Family members are closely involved in the postdischarge care of older Chinese patients. However, the influence of family caregiving‐related variables, such as caregiver’s needs, on recovery after hip fracture has not been explored.Methods.  Data were collected between 2002 and 2005 with elders with hip fracture and their family caregivers at a medical centre in Taiwan. Data were collected at 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge, and 120 people completed all follow‐ups. The effect of caregiver needs on elders’ recovery was analysed using the generalized estimating equations approach.Findings.  Elders whose caregivers reported a need for information on caregiving and related health care were more likely (odds ratio = 1·93, confidence interval = 1·08–3·46) to recover their walking ability than those whose caregivers did not report such need. However, elders whose caregivers reported a need for social services were less likely to recover their walking ability (odds ratio = 0·38, confidence interval = 0·18–0·78), and activities of daily living (odds ratio = 0·40, confidence interval = 0·17–0·94) than those whose caregivers did not report such need.Conclusion.  Healthcare providers should include caregivers’ needs in their clinical assessment of Chinese elders after surgery for hip fracture. Given the rapidly increasing population of Asian elders in Western countries, the results of this study may be applicable to other countries with Chinese populations.
The novice objective structured clinical evaluation tool: psychometric testing
Authors: Walsh Mireille , Bailey Patricia Hill , Mossey Sharolyn , Koren Irene 
Published: August 2010

walsh m., bailey p.h., mossey s. & koren i. (2010) The novice objective structured clinical evaluation tool: psychometric testing. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(12), 2807–2818.AbstractAim.  This paper is a report of a study of the psychometric properties of the Novice Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation Tool.Background.  A collaborative undergraduate nursing programme is currently using an objective structured clinical evaluation at the conclusion of the first nursing clinical course to determine student competence as a component of quality and safety education. However, the reliability and validity of the assessment tool has not been established.Methods.  Psychometric testing was conducted with a convenience sample of 565 nursing students. Data were collected during three consecutive years from 2002 to 2004. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing were conducted on this 25‐item tool.Results.  Principal axis factoring method identified two factors through the orthogonal, oblimin and promax rotations: Factor 1 Safety and Factor 2, Anticipation. Spearman‐Brown’s result for Factor 1 was 0·93 and for Factor 2 was 0·77. Cronbach’s alpha was.94 for Factor 1 and 0·71 for Factor 2.Conclusion.  The tool was found to have adequate construct validity and reliability. Its stability should be tested by conducting test–retest analysis. Equivalency dimensions of reliability should be evaluated by looking at interrater reliability. This tool shows merit for assessing elements of quality and safety education.
Combining ground count, telemetry, and mark–resight data to infer population dynamics in an endangered species
Authors: Johnson Heather E. , Scott Mills L. , Wehausen John D. , Stephenson Thomas R. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. To successfully manipulate populations for management and conservation purposes, managers must be able to track changes in demographic rates and determine the factors driving spatial and temporal variation in those rates. For populations of management concern, however, data deficiencies frequently limit the use of traditional statistical methods for such analyses. Long‐term demographic data are often piecemeal, having small sample sizes, inconsistent methodologies, intermittent data, and information on only a subset of important parameters and covariates.2. We evaluated the effectiveness of Bayesian state‐space models for meeting these data limitations in elucidating dynamics of federally endangered Sierra Nevada bighorn sheepOvis canadensis sierrae. We combined ground count, telemetry, and mark–resight data to: (1) estimate demographic parameters in three populations (including stage‐specific abundances and vital rates); and (2) determine whether density, summer precipitation, or winter severity were driving variation in key demographic rates.3. Models combining all existing data types increased the precision and accuracy in parameter estimates and fit covariates to vital rates driving population performance. They also provided estimates for all years of interest (including years in which field data were not collected) and standardized the error structure across data types.4. Demographic rates indicated that recovery efforts should focus on increasing adult and yearling survival in the smallest bighorn sheep population. In evaluating covariates we found evidence of negative density dependence in the larger herds, but a trend of positive density dependence in the smallest herd suggesting that an augmentation may be needed to boost performance. We also found that vital rates in all populations were positively associated with summer precipitation, but that winter severity only had a negative effect on the smallest herd, the herd most strongly impacted by environmental stochasticity.5. Synthesis and applications. For populations with piecemeal data, a problem common to both endangered and harvested species, obtaining precise demographic parameter estimates is one of the greatest challenges in detecting population trends, diagnosing the causes of decline, and directing management. Data on Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep provide an example of the application of Bayesian state‐space models for combining all existing data to meet these objectives and better inform important management and conservation decisions.