bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative description of HIV testing and healthcare experiences among trans women in Ghanaian urban slums BSGH-011
Authors: Dakpui Henry Delali , Shamrock Osman Wumpini , Aidoo-Frimpong Gloria , Zigah Edem Yaw , Agbemedu George Rudolph , Ahmed Abdallah , Umar Osman , Haruna Aliyu , Abu-Ba’are Gamji Rabiu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Achieving the UNAIDS 90–90–90 targets hinges on identifying and engaging individuals with HIV in care, requiring 90% of those infected to be diagnosed, initiated on ART, and achieving viral suppression. Despite this imperative, HIV testing services as well as research in Ghana often overlook the unique experiences of transgender women in urban slums, impacting their engagement with care. Using the gender affirmative model lens, this study reports the HIV testing experiences of trans women in Ghanaian slums, highlighting how the healthcare environment, counseling, and healthcare provider attitudes shape these experiences.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive interview design was employed, involving 20 trans women aged 18 to 31 years living in urban slums in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area of Ghana. Participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using NVivo. Results were presented in categories and subcategories.
Results
Two main categories emerged from our data analysis: 1) Positive Experiences with HIV Testing, and 2) Negative Experiences with HIV Testing. Positive experiences with HIV testing among trans women in Ghanaian slums included a welcoming environment at healthcare facilities, supportive counseling, and relatability with HIV-positive nurses. Negative experiences were characterized by fear and anxiety during testing, often intensified by healthcare worker attitudes, including unwelcoming behaviors and judgmental body language, especially in facilities that are not key population friendly. These categories provided a framework for understanding the varied experiences of trans women in Ghanaian slums regarding HIV testing.
Conclusion
The study emphasizes the urgent need for healthcare facilities in Ghanaian slums to address discriminatory practices and attitudes towards trans women, fostering a welcoming and affirming environment. Adopting a multifaceted approach integrating the gender-affirmative model's principles is crucial to enhancing HIV testing experiences and achieving improved health outcomes for trans women. Policymakers and healthcare providers must prioritize comprehensive training, inclusive healthcare environments, and culturally competent care to mitigate health disparities among this population.
High-pressure phase transition of olivine-type Mg2GeO4 to a metastable forsterite-III type structure and their equations of state
Authors: Divya R. Valli , Kumar Gulshan , Cohen R.E. , Tracy Sally J. , Meng Yue , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Dutta Rajkrishna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Germanates are often used as structural analogs of planetary silicates. We have explored the high-pressure phase relations in Mg2GeO4 using diamond-anvil cell experiments combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and computations based on density functional theory. Upon room temperature compression, forsterite-type Mg2GeO4 remains stable up to 30 GPa. At higher pressures, a phase transition to a forsterite-III type (Cmc21) structure was observed, which remained stable to the peak pressure of 105 GPa. Using a third-order Birch Murnaghan fit to the experimental data, we obtained V0 = 305.1(3) Å3, K0 = 124.6(14) GPa, and K0′ = 3.86 (fixed) for forsterite-type Mg2GeO4 and V0 = 263.5(15) Å3, K0 = 175(7) GPa, and K0′ = 4.2 (fixed) for the forsterite-III type phase. The forsterite-III type structure was found to be metastable when compared to the stable assemblage of perovskite/post-perovskite + MgO, as observed during laser-heating experiments. Understanding the phase relations and physical properties of metastable phases is crucial for studying the mineralogy of impact sites, understanding metastable wedges in subducting slabs, and interpreting the results of shock compression experiments.
Quantum Monte Carlo simulation of the 3D Ising transition on the fuzzy sphere
Authors: Hofmann Johannes Stephan , Goth Florian , Zhu Wei , He Yin-Chen , Huffman Emilie 
Published: May 2024

We present a numerical quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method for simulating the 3D phase transition on the recently proposed fuzzy sphere [Phys. Rev. X 13, 021009 (2023)]. By introducing an additional SU(2) layer degree of freedom, we reformulate the model into a form suitable for sign-problem-free QMC simulation. From the finite-size-scaling, we show that this QMC-friendly model undergoes a quantum phase transition belonging to the 3D Ising universality class, and at the critical point we compute the scaling dimensions from the state-operator correspondence, which largely agrees with the prediction from the conformal field theory. These results pave the way to construct sign-problem-free models for QMC simulations on the fuzzy sphere, which could advance the future study on more sophisticated criticalities.
Characterisation of extreme precipitation changes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China
Authors: Chen Ting , Yao Ye , Chen Hui 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
The paper analyses the spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River through extreme precipitation indicators based on the trend method, the Mann–Kendall trend test, and the rescaled extreme deviation extreme deviation using daily precipitation data from 1961 to 2021. The following conclusions were obtained: The overall precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is reduced, and the number of rainy days is reduced. The frequency of extreme precipitation is generally reduced, but the spatial difference in the intensity of extreme precipitation is greater, which makes the occurrence of extreme precipitation more concentrated and more destructive. Extreme precipitation indicators showed relatively large fluctuations after 2000, especially in terms of extreme precipitation intensity. The frequency of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is the highest in the main stream of the Yangtze River Basin and the Wujiang River Basin, the intensity of extreme precipitation is in the Jialing River and the Wujiang River Basin, and the accumulation of extreme precipitation is the highest in the Jialing River and the Wujiang River Basin, whereas the maximum value of the station extreme precipitation intensity and frequency is in the Minjiang River Basin.
Enhanced water production in hemispherical solar stills via solar collector and thermal storage integration: experimental validation
Authors: Benabdelaziz Kamel Ferhat , Chaker Abla , Kerfah Rabah 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

In arid regions that face water scarcity, solar distillation offers hope by meeting the increasing need for clean drinking water. This study investigates the integration of a hot water storage system, heated by a flat plate solar collector, into a hemispherical solar still. Placing the storage tank below the still's absorber enhances heat input and efficiently stores excess daytime thermal energy. Conducted in Bouismail from December 2022 to October 2023, the study yielded significant results: the modified solar still outperformed the conventional one, with production increases of 157% in winter and 207% in summer. Moreover, the modified still demonstrated remarkable efficiency improvement in summer, reaching 37.42% compared to 20.38% for the conventional still. The orientation of the fins within the storage tank, with respect to the hot water entrance orifice, significantly impacted water production, with alterations of the angle resulting in decreases of up to 25%. Increasing saltwater depth led to reduced distilled water output, with declines of up to 37.08% for the modified still. Economic analysis showed a slightly higher cost per liter of water produced by the modified still ($0.1897) compared to the simple one ($0.1446).
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines via Nitrogen-doped Graphene Catalyzed
One-Pot Multicomponent Reaction under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Movahed Zahra , Valizadeh Hassan , Mirzaei Farzaneh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Polysubstituted pyridine derivatives were produced with high to excellent yields
in the presence of nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG) as a dual acid-based catalyst. NDG
efficiently catalyzes the multicomponent reaction between arylaldehydes, diethyl-acetylene
dicarboxylates, malononitrile, and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions at 80°C
to afford the polysubstituted pyridines in short reaction times. The structures of the synthesized
pyridines were established by Ft-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis. The
advantages of this method include the in-situ oxidation of prepared 1,4-dihydropyridines,
one-pot procedure, solventless system, operational simplicity, and no column chromatography.
Additionally, neither toxic solvents nor catalysts are needed, and the procedure can
be very reliable among the reported methodologies. The yields and reaction times in the
presence of four times recycled catalyst are in comparable to the fresh catalyst.
Microstructure and Perfusion Alterations of Globus Pallidus in Neonates with
Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Juan , Chen Yu-Chen , Zheng Jin-Xia , Ding Shaohua 
Published: May 2024

Background::
Previous studies have indicated the abnormality of the globus pallidus in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia.

Objective::
This study aims to explore the microstructure and cerebral perfusion of globus pallidus in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia by using Diffusion Tensor
Imaging (DTI) and Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) approaches

Methods::
Thirty-seven neonates were enrolled in this study, which were classified into Bilirubin-Induced Neurologic Dysfunction (BIND) group
(hyperbilirubinemia with BIND, n=12), non-BIND group (hyperbilirubinemia without BIND, n=15), and healthy controls (HC) group (n=10). The
quantitative values of globus pallidus were calculated from DTI, including the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), the Fractional Anisotropy
(FA), and Volume Ratio (VR) values. Additionally, the relative Cerebral Blood Flow (rCBF) values were obtained from ASL.

Results::
It was observed that the mean DTI signal of globus pallidus was significantly different among the three groups (p < 0.05). However, there were no
significant differences in the rCBF of globus pallidus among the three groups (p > 0.05). A positive correlation was also observed between the
fractional anisotropy (FA) value and serum bilirubin level (r = 0.561, p = 0.002), while the VR value showed a negative correlation with serum
bilirubin level (r=-0.484, p=0.011). The area under the curve (AUC) of FA, VR, and FA and VR combined was 0.897, 0.858, and 0.933,
respectively.

Conclusion::
The alterations of microstructure in globus pallidus, especially FA and VR value, may be valuable and sensitive at the early stage of
hyperbilirubinemia encephalopathy, suggesting that early hyperbilirubinemia may lead to cytotoxic edema and decreased permeability of the cell
membrane.
A Systematic Review on Deep Learning Model in Computer-aided Diagnosis for
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Herman Herman , Jaya Kumar Yogan , Yong Wee Sek , Kumar Perhakaran Vinod 
Published: May 2024

Introduction::
In developing Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD), a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been commonly used as a Deep Learning (DL) model. Although it is still early, DL has excellent potential in implementing computers in medical diagnosis.

Methods::
This study reviews the use of DL for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear diagnosis. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed,
Embase, and Web of Science databases from 2018 to 2024. The included study criteria used MRI images to evaluate ACL tears, and the diagnosis
of ACL tears was performed using the DL model. We summarized the paper by reporting their model accuracy, model comparison with
arthroscopy, and explainable.

Results::
AI implementation in tabular format; we conclude that many medical professionals believe that arthroscopic diagnosis is the most reliable method
for diagnosing ACL tears. However, due to its intrusive treatment, CAD is projected to be able to produce similar outcomes from MRI scan results.
To gain the trust of physicians and meet the demand for reliable knee injury detection systems, an algorithm for CAD should also meet several
criteria, such as being transparent, interpretable, explainable, and easy to use. Therefore, future works should consider creating an Explainable DL
model for ACL tear diagnosis. It is also essential to evaluate the performance of this Explainable DL model compared to the gold standard of
arthroscopy diagnosis.

Conclusion::
There are issues regarding the need for Explainable DL in CAD to increase confidence in its result while also highlighting the importance of the
involvement of medical practitioners in system design. There is no funding for this work.
Flavonoids as Potential Natural Compounds for the Prevention and
Treatment of Eczema
Authors: Khan Javed , Yadav Shikha , Bhardwaj Divya , Kumar Abhishek , Okanlawon Moshood Ummuani 
Published: May 2024

Abstract::
Eczema is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and skin manifestation with a range of comorbidities that include physical and psychological disorders. Despite recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms involved in atopic dermatitis, current marketed products have shown varying results with more side effects. The present ob-jective of the research studies is to develop new agents for eczema that cut down the cost of the novel drugs available and also improve the efficacy with the least adverse effects. Natural compounds and medicinal plants have been traditionally used since ancient civilizations. Now-adays, research in the herbal field is at its peak. One such natural compound, flavonoid, was found to be beneficial for the treatment of eczema. This review describes the use of certain flavonoid products to prepare preparations suitable for the treatment of prophylaxis or eczema. This is especially true for prophylaxis or atopic eczema treatment. These compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory properties and are, therefore, used in treatments to prevent allergies, inflammation, and irritation to the skin. We also dock the flavonoid derivatives used with the protein associated with the inhibi-tion of eczema for better lead optimization. These preparations appear to be used for cosmetic, dermatological, or herbal remedies as a local application.
Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik Sari Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa balbisiana) Terhadap Performa Produksi Itik Hibrida
Authors: Lestari Retno Budi , Heraini Dela , Permadi Edy , Bakriyanto Bakriyanto 
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan probiotik dari limbah kulit buah pisang terhadap peforma produksi itik hibrida dan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi terbaik pada setiap perlakuannya. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu P0 (control), P1 (probiotik 5 ml), P2 (probiotik 10 ml), P3 (probiotik 15 ml), P4 (probiotik 20 ml) dengan setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 5 ulangan. Itik hibrida yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 100 ekor dimana setiap ulangan terdiri dari 4 ekor itik hibrida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian probiotik sari kulit pisang dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata terhadap pertambahan bobot badan (P<0,01) dengan nilai rataan PBB berkisar antara 1.312,75 - 1.732,75 gram/ekor, Memberikan pengaruh berbeda sangat nyata terhadap IOFC (P<0,01) dengan nilai rataan Rp. 36.593,91 â€“ Rp. 54062,96/ekor, dan memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR) yang berkisar antara 3,11 â€“ 3.64 serta berpengaruh tidak nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan dengan nilai rataan 4.965,25Â g/ekor sampai 5.465,75Â g/ekor. kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perlakuan pemberian probiotik sari kulit buah pisang mampu memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap performa itik hibrida dengan konsentrasi 20 ml memberikan performa produksi terbaik.
AI Hesitancy and Acceptability—Perceptions of AI Chatbots for Chronic Health Management and Long COVID Support: Survey Study
Authors: Wu Philip Fei , Summers Charlotte , Panesar Arjun , Kaura Amit , Zhang Li 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have the potential to assist individuals with chronic health conditions by providing tailored information, monitoring symptoms, and offering mental health support. Despite their potential benefits, research on public attitudes toward health care chatbots is still limited. To effectively support individuals with long-term health conditions like long COVID (or post–COVID-19 condition), it is crucial to understand their perspectives and preferences regarding the use of AI chatbots.

Objective
This study has two main objectives: (1) provide insights into AI chatbot acceptance among people with chronic health conditions, particularly adults older than 55 years and (2) explore the perceptions of using AI chatbots for health self-management and long COVID support.

Methods
A web-based survey study was conducted between January and March 2023, specifically targeting individuals with diabetes and other chronic conditions. This particular population was chosen due to their potential awareness and ability to self-manage their condition. The survey aimed to capture data at multiple intervals, taking into consideration the public launch of ChatGPT, which could have potentially impacted public opinions during the project timeline. The survey received 1310 clicks and garnered 900 responses, resulting in a total of 888 usable data points.

Results
Although past experience with chatbots (P<.001, 95% CI .110-.302) and online information seeking (P<.001, 95% CI .039-.084) are strong indicators of respondents’ future adoption of health chatbots, they are in general skeptical or unsure about the use of AI chatbots for health care purposes. Less than one-third of the respondents (n=203, 30.1%) indicated that they were likely to use a health chatbot in the next 12 months if available. Most were uncertain about a chatbot’s capability to provide accurate medical advice. However, people seemed more receptive to using voice-based chatbots for mental well-being, health data collection, and analysis. Half of the respondents with long COVID showed interest in using emotionally intelligent chatbots.

Conclusions
AI hesitancy is not uniform across all health domains and user groups. Despite persistent AI hesitancy, there are promising opportunities for chatbots to offer support for chronic conditions in areas of lifestyle enhancement and mental well-being, potentially through voice-based user interfaces.
A Call for a Health Data–Informed Workforce Among Clinicians
Authors: Doll Joy , Anzalone A Jerrod , Clarke Martina , Cooper Kathryn , Polich Ann , Siedlik Jacob 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A momentous amount of health data has been and is being collected. Across all levels of health care, data are driving decision-making and impacting patient care. A new field of knowledge and role for those in health care is emerging—the need for a health data–informed workforce. In this viewpoint, we describe the approaches needed to build a health data–informed workforce, a new and critical skill for the health care ecosystem.
Feasibility of a 2-Part Substance Use Screener Self-Administered by Patients on Paper: Observational Study
Authors: Kramer Joanna , Wilens Timothy E , Rao Vinod , Villa Richard , Yule Amy M 
Published: May 2024

Background
Measurement-based care in behavioral health uses patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to screen for mental health symptoms and substance use and to assess symptom change over time. While PROMs are increasingly being integrated into electronic health record systems and administered electronically, paper-based PROMs continue to be used. It is unclear if it is feasible to administer a PROM on paper when the PROM was initially developed for electronic administration.

Objective
This study aimed to examine the feasibility of patient self-administration of a 2-part substance use screener—the Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription medications, and other Substances (TAPS)—on paper. This screener was originally developed for electronic administration. It begins with a limited number of questions and branches to either skip or reflex to additional questions based on an individual’s responses. In this study, the TAPS was adapted for paper use due to barriers to electronic administration within an urgent care behavioral health clinic at an urban health safety net hospital.

Methods
From August 2021 to March 2022, research staff collected deidentified paper TAPS responses and tracked TAPS completion rates and adherence to questionnaire instructions. A retrospective chart review was subsequently conducted to obtain demographic information for the patients who presented to the clinic between August 2021 and March 2022. Since the initial information collected from TAPS responses was deidentified, demographic information was not linked to the individual TAPS screeners that were tracked by research staff.

Results
A total of 507 new patients were seen in the clinic with a mean age of 38.7 (SD 16.6) years. In all, 258 (50.9%) patients were male. They were predominantly Black (n=212, 41.8%), White (n=152, 30%), and non-Hispanic or non-Latino (n=403, 79.5%). Most of the patients were publicly insured (n=411, 81.1%). Among these 507 patients, 313 (61.7%) completed the TAPS screener. Of these 313 patients, 76 (24.3%) adhered to the instructions and 237 (75.7%) did not follow the instructions correctly. Of the 237 respondents who did not follow the instructions correctly, 166 (70%) answered more questions and 71 (30%) answered fewer questions than required in TAPS part 2. Among the 237 patients who did not adhere to questionnaire instructions, 44 (18.6%) responded in a way that contradicted their response in part 1 of the screener and ultimately affected their overall TAPS score.

Conclusions
It was challenging for patients to adhere to questionnaire instructions when completing a substance use screener on paper that was originally developed for electronic use. When selecting PROMs for measurement-based care, it is important to consider the structure of the questionnaire and how the PROM will be administered to determine if additional support for PROM self-administration needs to be implemented.