bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periportal edema in trauma patients: correlation with trauma severity
Authors: Kuhlemann Julia , Loegters Tim , Roehlen Singha , Miese Falk R , Blondin Dirk , Kröpil Patric , Schellhammer Frank , Scherer Axel , Lanzman Rotem S 
Published: April 2011

Background Periportal edema (PPE) can be seen in different clinical settings, including in patients following trauma. However, the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance in trauma patients still remain unclear. Purpose To determine the incidence of PPE in CT scans of trauma patients and to correlate PPE with trauma severity and different patterns of injury. Material and Methods We retrospectively analyzed contrast-enhanced spiral CT scans of 127 trauma patients that were referred to our Trauma Center Level I between January 2006 and June 2007. According to the Injury Severity Score (ISS), 70 patients with an ISS < 16 (minor trauma) were assigned to group 1 and 57 patients with an ISS ≥16 (major trauma) to group 2. Results The presence of PPE was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in group 2 (22 of 57 patients [38.6%]) than in group 1 (10 of 70 patients [14.3%]). In 29 patients PPE presented with a diffuse pattern and in three patients with a focal pattern, affecting only one liver lobe. In 14 patients PPE was found in absence of abdominal injuries. In addition, PPE was present in five patients with abdominal injuries but without liver injury. Conclusion PPE is seen significantly more often on abdominal CT scans following major traumas (ISS ≥ 16), but is not necessarily associated with liver injury.
Ventricular septal aneurysms in adults: findings of cardiac CT images and correlation with clinical features
Authors: Choi Maria , Jung Jung Im , Lee Bae Young , Kim Hyo Rim 
Published: April 2011

Background With the increasing use of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), the number of incidentally detected ventricular septal aneurysms (VSAs) in adults has increased. However, to date, there are not sufficient well-organized data regarding VSAs in adults on MDCT. Purpose To evaluate the CT findings of ventricular septal aneurysms (VSAs) in adults and correlate the findings with clinical features. Material and Methods We performed a retrospective review of the cardiac CT reports in our electronic database of 3402 patients who underwent ECG-gated cardiac CT scans using a 64-slice multidetector CT or dual-source CT from October 2006 to December 2009 at our institute. Among them, eight patients were diagnosed with a VSA. We evaluated the location, size, and morphology of VSAs on cardiac CT angiographies (CCTAs) and correlated the findings with the clinical features of the patients. Results On CCTAs, all eight patients were found to have VSAs in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum and toward the right ventricle. The VSAs were 10–22 mm at their longest diameter and had wide necks. The VSAs were lobulated along the outer margin and were incidental findings in all patients. Four of the eight patients had a conduction abnormality such as first-degree atrio-ventricular block or incomplete right bundle branch block seen on ECG, whereas the other four patients had normal ECGs. Conclusion VSA in adults is usually detected incidentally. It is seen in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum with a lobulated shape on CCTA. It is occasionally associated with a conduction anomaly.
Ischemic liver injuries after hepatic artery embolization in patients with delayed postoperative hemorrhage following hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery
Authors: Cho Sung Ki , Kim Sam Soo , Do Young Soo , Park Kwang Bo , Shin Sung Wook , Park Hong Suk , Choo Sung Wook , Choo In Wook 
Published: April 2011

Background Many collateral pathways to the liver are dissected during hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery and, if the arterial bleeding is massive and a hematoma becomes larger, the adjacent portal vein can be compressed with impairment of the portal venous flow. Purpose To evaluate the frequency and severity of ischemic liver injuries after hepatic artery embolization in patients with delayed postoperative arterial hemorrhage after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery. Material and Methods Eighteen patients undergoing proper or common hepatic artery embolization for delayed postoperative arterial hemorrhage after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery achieved hemostasis. To evaluate the frequency and severity of ischemic liver injuries, the liver enzyme levels and CT findings before and after hepatic artery embolization were retrospectively compared and the clinical outcomes after hepatic artery embolization were analyzed. Angiographic findings were also analyzed to reveal any association with development of ischemic liver injuries after hepatic artery embolization. Results Ischemic liver injuries were observed in 15 (83%) of 18 patients undergoing hepatic artery embolization for postoperative hemorrhage. Injuries included hepatic infarction combined with abscess in one (5%) patient, hepatic infarction in 12 (67%) patients, and transient hepatic ischemia/dysfunction in two (11%). As for the extent of hepatic infarction, lobar infarction developed in two patients and subsegmental infarction in 11. One patient with right hepatic lobar infarction died of hepatic failure 11 days after hepatic artery embolization. In the other 14 patients with ischemic liver injuries, the elevated liver enzymes returned to baseline levels within two weeks. All of the four patients with portal vein stenosis, four patients with no hepatic arterial flow on post-embolization angiogram, and one patient with both had hepatic infarction after hepatic artery embolization. No ischemic liver injuries developed after hepatic artery embolization in three patients with no portal vein stenosis and bilobar hepatic arterial flow via the left hepatic artery aberrantly arising from the left gastric artery or from the common hepatic artery. Conclusion Ischemic liver injuries can develop in most patients undergoing hepatic artery embolization for postoperative arterial hemorrhage after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery; hepatic infarction appears to be the most frequent type of ischemic liver injury. Hepatic artery embolization for postoperative arterial hemorrhage after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery may carry a great risk of ischemic liver injury if a patient has portal vein stenosis or no aberrant hepatic artery.
Effect of intravenous gadolinium-DTPA on diffusion-weighted imaging for prostate lesions and normal tissue at 3.0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Liu Xiaohang , Zhou Liangping , Peng Weijun , Qian Min 
Published: April 2011

Background Post-contrast diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is occasionally necessary when the results of the pre-contrast DWI differ from that of the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI), however, the effects of contrast material on DWI image and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values have not been fully examined. Purpose To assess whether the administration of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) significantly affects the DWI of prostate lesions or normal tissue at the 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3.0 T MRI). Material and Methods Fifty-one patients with 52 prostate lesions, including 32 prostate cancer (25 in the peripheral zone [PZ] and seven that could not be confidently located) and 20 benign lesions (11 in PZ and nine in central grand [CG]), underwent echo-planar imaging (EPI)-DWI with b values of 0, 1000 s/mm2 before and after administration of Gd-DTPA at 3.0 T MRI. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn in all lesions, 42 normal PZ, 44 CG tissue and air to calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and ADC values of lesions and normal tissue, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of lesions for pre- and post-contrast images. Statistical differences between pre- and post-contrast data were assessed by use of a paired t test. Results No significant differences between pre- and post-contrast images were found in the CNR of lesions and SNR of all the tissue except CG, which showed a statistically significant decline (9.6%, p < 0.0001) in SNR after contrast relative to the pre-contrast images. The post-contrast ADC values were statistically significantly lower than pre-contrast for prostate cancer (0.80 ± 0.11 mm2/s Vs 0.89 ± 0.12 mm2/s, p < 0.0001) and benign lesions (1.14 ± 0.30 mm2/s vs. 1.2 ± 0.29 mm2/s, p < 0.0001). No significant differences were detected for normal tissue. Conclusion The administration of Gd-DTPA can slightly affect the DWI image quality of the prostate and reduce the ADC value of lesions at 3.0T MRI. Applications of post-contrast DWI require caution in interpretation.
Usefulness of semi-automatic volumetry compared to established linear measurements in predicting lymph node metastases in MSCT
Authors: Buerke Boris , Gerss Joachim , Puesken Michael , Weckesser Matthias , Heindel Walter , Wessling Johannes 
Published: April 2011

Background Volumetry of lymph nodes potentially better reflect asymmetric size alterations independently of lymph node orientation in comparison to metric parameters (e.g. long-axis diameter). Purpose To distinguish between benign and malignant lymph nodes by comparing 2D and semi-automatic 3D measurements in MSCT. Material and Methods FDG-18 PET-CT was performed in 33 patients prior to therapy for malignant melanoma at stage III/IV. One hundred and eighty-six cervico-axillary, abdominal and inguinal lymph nodes were evaluated independently by two radiologists, both manually and with the use of semi-automatic segmentation software. Long axis (LAD), short axis (SAD), maximal 3D diameter, volume and elongation were obtained. PET-CT, PET-CT follow-up and/or histology served as a combined reference standard. Statistics encompassed intra-class correlation coefficients and ROC curves. Results Compared to manual assessment, semi-automatic inter-observer variability was found to be lower, e.g. at 2.4% (95% CI 0.05–4.8) for LAD. The standard of reference revealed metastases in 90 (48%) of 186 lymph nodes. Semi-automatic prediction of lymph node metastases revealed highest areas under the ROC curves for volume (reader 1 0.77, 95%CI 0.64–0.90; reader 2 0.76, 95%CI 0.59–0.86) and SAD (reader 1 0.76, 95%CI 0.64–0.88; reader 2 0.75, 95%CI 0.62–0.89). The findings for LAD (reader 1 0.73, 95%CI 0.60–0.86; reader 2 0.71, 95%CI 0.71, 95%CI 0.57–0.85) and maximal 3D diameter (reader 1 0.70, 95%CI 0.53-0.86; reader 2 0.76, 95%CI 0.50–0.80) were found substantially lower and for elongation (reader 1 0.65, 95%CI 0.50–0.79; reader 2 0.66, 95%CI 0.52–0.81) significantly lower (p < 0.05). Conclusion Semi-automatic analysis of lymph nodes in malignant melanoma is supported by high segmentation quality and reproducibility. As compared to established SAD, semi-automatic lymph node volumetry does not have an additive role for categorizing lymph nodes as normal or metastatic in malignant melanoma.
High incidence of nephropathy in neurosurgical patients after intra-arterial administration of low-osmolar and iso-osmolar contrast media
Authors: Serafin Zbigniew , Karolkiewicz Maciej , Gruszka Marzena , Stróżecki Paweł , Lasek Władysław , Odrowąż-Sypniewska Grażyna , Manitius Jacek , Beuth Wojciech 
Published: April 2011

Background Percutaneous endovascular examinations and interventions require significant amounts of iodinated contrast media (CM) and have been reported to be complicated by an increased incidence of post-contrast nephropathy. Purpose To evaluate renal function, the incidence of post-contrast nephropathy, and risk factors after interventional procedures in neurosurgical patients after intra-arterial administration of a low-osmolar contrast medium (LOCM) versus an iso-osmolar contrast medium (IOCM). Material and Methods This single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blinded study included 92 patients in its final analysis (mean age 49.6 ± 12.6 years, 29.3% men, mean eGFR 97.8 ± 26.3 mL/min/1.73 m2). LOCM was used in 48 patients (52.2%) and IOCM in 44 patients (47.8%). The patients were given an average of 151.2 ± 52.1 mL of contrast medium intra-arterially. Serum creatinine (SCr), urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion, and creatinine clearance (CCr) were measured at baseline, and on days 1 and 3 after the procedure. Results Baseline risk factors, renal functional parameters, and average CM doses were not statistically different between the two groups. SCr, NAG, and CCr values did not differ significantly between the LOCM and IOCM groups on days 1 and 3 after CM administration. Nephropathy developed in 21 cases (22.8%): 13 (27.1%) after LOCM use and 8 (18.2%) after IOCM; (P = NS). The only significant risk factors of CIN were the diabetes ( P = 0.0466) and atherosclerosis ( P = 0.0498). Conclusion We found a high incidence of nephropathy in neurosurgical patients after intra-arterial CM administration. The renal function values and incidence of nephropathy following LOCM administration were not statistically different from those following IOCM administration.
Ultrasound in the diagnosis of ovarian dermoid cysts: a pictorial review of the characteristic sonographic signs
Authors: Williams P L , Dubbins P A , Defriend D E 
Published: April 2011

Dermoid cysts (mature cystic teratoma) are the commonest germ cell neoplasm and in some series the most commonly excised ovarian tumour. They are composed of tissue from at least two of the germ cell layers and often contain hair, sebum and teeth. These tumours show a wide range of ultrasonic appearances because of their variable composition. On account of this they may mimic a variety of other pelvic masses. In many cases, however, the ultrasonic appearance can be distinctive, and a number of sonographic signs characteristic of dermoid cysts have been described. Typical appearances include a shadowing echodensity or dermoid plug; diffuse or regional high amplitude echoes; the tip of the iceberg sign; dermoid mesh; fat–fluid levels and intracystic floating balls. When two or more characteristic signs are present, a high positive predictive value and a confident sonographic diagnosis can be achieved. We present a pictorial review of the characteristic sonographic signs helpful in making the diagnosis of ovarian dermoid cyst. We also discuss the pitfalls of making an ultrasound diagnosis, and illustrate some of the conditions that may mimic dermoid cysts. We include correlation with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging where appropriate.
Multivitamin Supplement Use and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chan Agnes LF , Leung Henry WC , Wang Shiao-Fung 
Published: April 2011

Background The association between consumption of multivitamins and breast cancer is inconsistent in epidemiologic studies. Objective: To perform a meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies to evaluate multivitamin intake and its relationship with breast cancer risk. Methods: The published literature was systematically searched and reviewed using MEDLINE (1950 through July 2010), EMBASE (1980 through July 2010). and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2010 issue 1). Studies that included specific risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. The bias and quality of these studies were assessed with REVMAN statistical software (version 5.0) and the GRADE method of the Cochrane Collaboration. Results: Eight of 27 studies that included 355,080 subjects were available for analysis. The total duration of multivitamin use in these trials ranged from 3 to 10 years. The frequency of current use in these studies ranged from 2 to 6 times/week. In analyses by duration of use 10 years or longer or 3 years or longer and by frequency 7 or more times/week that were reported in these studies, multivitamin use was not significantly associated with the risk of breast cancer. Only 1 recent Swedish cohort study concluded that multivitamin use is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The results of a meta-analysis that pooled data from 5 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies indicated that the overall multivariable relative risk and odds ratio were 0.10 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.63; p = 0.98) and 1.00 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.00; p = 1.00), respectively. The association was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Multivitamin use is likely not associated with a significant increased or decreased risk of breast cancer, but these results highlight the need for more case-control studies or randomized controlled clinical trials to further examine this relationship.
Children use verb semantics to retreat from overgeneralization errors: A novel verb grammaticality judgment study
Authors: Ambridge Ben , Pine Julian M. , Rowland Caroline F. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Whilst certain verbs may appear in both the intransitive inchoative and the transitive causative constructions (The ball rolled/The man rolled the ball), others may appear in only the former (The man laughed/*The joke laughed the man). Some accounts argue that children acquire these restrictions using only (or mainly) statistical learning mechanisms such as entrenchment and pre-emption. Others have argued that verb semantics are also important. To test these competing accounts, adults (Experiment 1) and children aged 5–6 and 9–10 (Experiment 2) were taught novel verbs designed to be construed — on the basis of their semantics — as either intransitive-only or alternating. In support of the latter claim, participants' grammaticality judgments revealed that even the youngest group respected these semantic constraints. Frequency (entrenchment) effects were observed for familiar, but not novel, verbs (Experiment 1). We interpret these findings in the light of a new theoretical account designed to yield effects of both verb semantics and entrenchment/pre-emption.
German children use prosody to identify participant roles in transitive sentences
Authors: Grünloh Thomas , Lieven Elena , Tomasello Michael 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Most studies examining children's understanding of transitive sentences focus on the morphosyntactic properties of the construction and ignore prosody. But adults use prosody in many different ways to interpret ambiguous sentences. In two studies we investigated whether 5-year-old German children use prosody to determine participant roles in object-first (OVS) sentences with novel verbs (i.e., whether they use prosodic marking to overrule word order as a cue). Results showed that children identify participant roles better in this atypically ordered construction when sentences are realized with the marked, OVS-typical intonational pattern, especially in combination with case marking (Study 1). In a second study, we embedded these sentences into an appropriate discourse context. The results show that, even in the absence of any case marking, children understand participant roles when they are realized with the appropriate intonational pattern. These findings demonstrate that young children can use intonation to help identify participant roles in transitive sentences, at least in marked constructions such as the German object-first (OVS) construction.
Toxicological Issues of Nanoparticles Employed in Photocatalysis
Authors: Wagner Stefanie , Bloh Jonathan , Kasper Cornelia , Bahnemann Detlef 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA huge amount of different nanomaterials is nowadays on the market used for various specific applications. Some nanomaterials such as TiOHence these materials are used for many applications, e.g., for self-cleaning and antibacterial coatings on different surfaces and for the purification of wastewater where the cleaning can be induced by simple exposure to sunlight. Because of the frequent use of these nanoparticles it is important to investigate the life cycles of these nanostructured materials as well as their environmental impact and their toxicity to animals and humans.This review first gives a short overview about nanotechnology and nanotechnological products as well as about photocatalysis and semiconductors used in this field. We then discuss the need for a new technology named nanotoxicology and the problems occurring when investigating the toxic potential of nanomaterials as well as the life cycle of nanomaterials. Furthermore, we focus on the environmental impact of TiO
The Exact Planning of the GMPLS-based Metro Core Network
Authors: Naas Nabil , Mouftah Hussein 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The continuing rapid increase in the number of wavelengths per fiber will dramatically increase the size of OXCs/ROADMs in the WDM-based metro core networks. This calls for the use of the multi-granular switching concept introduced in Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) to avoid the cost explosion of these optical switches. This paper addresses the optimal planning problem of the GMPLS-based (or multi-granular) metro core network by (i) considering the whole traffic flow hierarchy defined in GMPLS, and (ii) maintaining the color-continuity constraint for all optical flows. We call such a planning problem the Routing and Multi-Granular Paths Assignment (RMGPA). The objective of the problem is to minimize the total weighted port count in the metro core network. The problem is formulated as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model. Due to the computational complexity of the problem, the MILP model is solved for small-sized problems.
A Method to Measure Optical Parameters of the Diffraction Grating Using the Ratio of ±1 Orders Diffraction Efficiencies
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Li Jianlong 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
A method for obtaining optical parameters of the diffraction grating from the ratio of symmetric-order diffraction efficiency (±1 orders) is proposed in this paper. We have demonstrated that our method yields better results and the surface roughness of the diffractive grating has little impact on the ratio of ±1 orders diffraction efficiencies.
Performance Analysis of Free Space Optical Systems in the Presence of Channel Physical Limitations
Authors: Jh Jamal. H. , Chin Tan. S. , Abbou F. M. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The atmospheric attenuation in optical waves due to low atmospheric visibility conditions causes a performance degradation of free space optical (FSO) communication systems. A simulation was conducted to determine the relationship between visibility in fog and optical attenuation (dB/km) at an optical wavelength of 1550 nm. In this paper, we investigate the bit error rate (BER) performance for free space optical systems operating over atmospheric attenuation channels. Simulation results are demonstrated to confirm the analytical results. From the results, we conclude that BER increases as the adverse weather and greater distance. The BER performance of free space optical (FSO) communication systems employing on-off keying (OOK) modulation format is derived. Because the fog consists mainly of particles much larger than the laser wavelength, the application of the Kruse equation to attenuation in fog is not appropriate. Because fog is the only type of weather that is likely to disrupt short (< 1 km) free space optical links, short FSO links will be necessary to meet the high availability requirements of the telecommunications industry. The key finding is that the generally accepted Kruse equation relating visibility and optical attenuation may be too pessimistic at low visibilities. A new equation describing the atmospheric attenuation of optical power is proposed.