bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress, Coping Strategies, Quality of Life and Lived Experiences of Women with Pregnancyinduced Hypertension
Authors: Puri Randhir , Raddi Sudha A , Nayak Baby S , Ratna Prakash , Metgud MC 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To explore and assess the levels of stress and its manifestation and different stressors in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and to identifying the coping strategies used by women with PIH in response to stress.

Methods
The research approach for the first phase of study was corelational and the subjects were selected by convenience sampling technique and for the second phase qualitative using phenomenology to study the lived experiences. The study comprised of 65 women with PIH, in the Phase I and 6 women with PIH in the Phase II, who were admitted in antenatal wards of KLES Hospital and Medical Research Centre and District Hospital Belgaum. The data on coping strategies was collected using a standardized tool, the Jalowiec coping scale and data on quality of life of women with PIH was collected using another standardized tool — the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF). The qualitative data was collected using a semistructured interview schedule and the audiotaping of the verbatum of lived experiences.

Results
In the Phase I it was found that majority (64.61%) of women had moderate stress levels. The finding indicated that there was no correlation between levels of stress and use and effectiveness of coping strategies. (r1 (65) = 0.1226, P > 0.05, r2 (65) = 0.1805, P > 0.01). The association between levels of stress and quality of life of women with PIH showed that quality of life was independent of levels of stress. The chi-square value (l2effect =12.137) between age and effectiveness of coping strategies was significant which showed that effectiveness of coping strategies were dependent on the age of the women with PIH. In the Phase II based on the analysis of data four themes emerged from the women's perspective of the phenomenon under study.

Theme 1
Impact of bed rest.

Theme 2
Unaware of PIH and its effect on self and unborn child.

Theme 3
Fear of outcome of pregnancy.

Theme 4
Psychological impact of symptoms of PIH.

Conclusion
All these four dimensions depict the importance of holistic and comprehensive care.
Diabetes in Pregnancy
Authors: Deshpande Neeta 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACTGestational diabetes mellitus is carbohydrate intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Pregnancy could also occur in a woman with pre-existing diabetes. Congenital anomalies, macrosomia, birth injuries, obstetric and neonatal complications are associated with diabetes in pregnancy. The long-term implications in both mother and offspring include the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Screening would identify patients and many guidelines exist for the same. Universal screening is advocated. The glycemic goals are stringent, although data indicate that thresholds should be lowered further. Nutritional therapy is the mainstay of treatment. Insulin is the agent of choice if glycemic goals are not met. Newer insulin analogs are advantageous. Oral antidiabetic agents show promise for the future, although more long-term trials are needed. Self monitoring of glucose is an important tool in the management of diabetes in pregnancy.Rates of cesarean section are high in diabetic pregnancies. If macrosomia occurs, other obstetric complications ensue. Maternal hyperglycemia can lead to neonatal hypoglycemia. Postpartum, maternal glycemic status should be reassessed and treatment modified accordingly. In the long-term, both mother and offspring are ideal candidates for lifestyle modification for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.Preconception care in women with pre-existing diabetes and/or its complications is desirable to minimize complications and congenital anomalies.
Ultrasound for Screening Fetal Malformations— Has 3-D Made a Difference?
Authors: Rao JP , Malhotra Narendra 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
Ultrasonography as a universal screening tool augers well for detection of most of in utero congenital abnormalities, particularly with help of color Doppler, 3-D and 4-D scanning. Argument against universal screening is existing anomalies, not detected by USG, manifesting during childhood. Despite many variables of cost and ethics, poorly trained sonographer, it can be ardently stated that a routine scan is warranted for each pregnancy but only if well-performed at the least, level scan II.
Overview of Cryobiology in ART
Authors: Sareen Shashi , Talwar Pankaj 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
Cryopreservation allows the transfer of a limited number of embryos back to the uterus and the storage of the remaining embryos for future use, thus maximizing the cumulative effectiveness of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. In addition, cryopreservation makes feasible the postponement of embryo transfer (ET) in a future cycle, thus decreasing the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in high-risk patients, while it maintains the probability of pregnancy. The main problem during embryo cryopreservation is the formation of intracellular ice, which can lead to cell damage and developmental arrest. To overcome this problem, different cryopreservation protocols, such as slow freezing or vitrification, along with different types of cryoprotective solutions, such as propanediol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), have been developed. In this way the cells are protected against potential injuries occurring at subzero temperatures.
Awareness and Contraception Practices among Women—An Indian Rural Experience
Authors: Ghike Sunita , Joshi Sulbha , Bhalerao A , Kawthalkar A 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
Population explosion is a major burden on developing countries like us.
Unregulated fertility not only disrupts the health of women and child but also disrupts the economy of society and nation. To gain the knowledge about awareness and contraceptive practices in women living in rural area a cross-sectional study was conducted over two years from 15/5/05 to 15/6/07 in relation to age, parity, literacy level, working place, source of knowledge about contraception, women practicing contraception and reasons for nonuse of contraceptives. It was observed that most of the women belong to the age group of 22 to 25 years 346.91%, 33.7% were para 2. 56.3% were working and 44%were literate and only 1 to 1.2% had education above high school level. Media including TV and radio was the main source of contraceptive knowledge, i.e. 70%. 67.5% of women were aware about temporary methods of contraception while 100% were aware about permanent methods of contraception, but number of women practicing contraception was very low, i.e. 35.7% and the main reason of nonpractice of contraception was family pressure mainly in laws, husband gender bias, physical abuse, etc. i. e. 59%. It was noted that though knowledge of at least one method of contraception was wide among the women but still actual practice was very low.
Association of first Birth Cesarean Delivery and Placental Abruption or Previa at Second Birth
Authors: Metgud Mrityunjay , Koli Pramila , Nilgar Baburao , Mallapur Maheshwar 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Objective
To evaluate the strength of association of cesarean delivery for first birth with placenta previa and placental abruption in second pregnancy.

Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Hospital based (Birth register)2004-2008. A total of 1638 pregnancies were available for the final analysis after excluding missing information.

Methods
Multiple logistic regressions were used to describe the relationship between cesarean section for first birth with placenta previa and placental abruption in second birth singletons.

Main outcome measures
Placenta previa and placental abruption

Results
Placenta previa was present in 10 per 1000 second-birth singletons whose first births delivered by cesarean section and 9 per 1000 second-birth singletons whose first births delivered vaginally. The corresponding figures for placental abruption were 5 per 1000 in the previous cesarean delivery group and 5 per 1000 in the previous vaginal delivery group. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of previous cesarean section for placenta previa in following second pregnancies was 1.10 (0.39 to 3.10) after adjusting for confounders including maternal age and interval between births. The corresponding figure for placental abruption was 1.0 (0.24 to 4.19).

Conclusion
Cesarean section for first birth is associated with 10% increased risk of placenta previa and no risk of placental abruption in second pregnancy with a singleton.
Has the Incidence of Molar Pregnancy Changed Over the Last 10 Years?
Authors: Tahir Fauzia , Bates Killian , McMillan Helen , Gillan John , Geary Michael 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
A retrospective audit was conducted at the Rotunda hospital, Dublin to assess the incidence of partial molar pregnancies and complete molar pregnancies over a 10-year period from the 1st of January 1997 to 31 of December 2006.

Methods
Records from the pathology department were accessed for the number of molar pregnancies from 1997 to 2006. Each pathology result was then retrieved to differentiate between complete moles and partial moles. The annual reports published by the hospital were used to obtain the number of deliveries and live births per year.

Results
The incidence of partial molar pregnancies at the Rotunda Hospital from 1997 to 2006 was 1 in 328 live births. The incidence of complete molar pregnancies from 1997 to 2006 was 1 in 1105 live births. The incidence of a molar pregnancy in the study period was 1:253.

Conclusion
The incidence of a molar pregnancy was estimated to be 1: 512 in 1993 and was 1: 253 in this study, indicating a significant rise. The incidence of complete and partial molar pregnancies has also doubled. The Rotunda hospital caters to a large proportion of Dublin's noncaucasian population which might account for an increase. But it is still possible that there is an over diagnosis of cases as diagnosis is only by histology and flow cytometry is not routinely performed in all cases.
Value of Third Trimester Uterine Artery Doppler in High-risk Pregnancies for Prediction of Adverse Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Rai Lavanya , Lekshmi S 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Objective
To determine the usefulness of uterine artery Doppler in evaluation of third trimester high-risk pregnancies in prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.

Methods
In this prospective study uterine artery Doppler parameters such as PI and early diastolic notch were recorded in a group of 60 high-risk pregnancies mainly consisting of pre-eclampsia and small for gestational age. Uterine artery score (UAS) was calculated from the Doppler parameters and a score ≥ 2 was considered abnormal. Perinatal outcome was then correlated to this score and compared with umbilical artery Doppler.

Results
Abnormal UAS was noted in 72% of the study group while umbilical artery Doppler was abnormal in only 35%. All the five perinatal deaths and high-rate of perinatal morbidity was observed when both uterine and umbilical artery Dopplers were abnormal. Perinatal morbidity parameters such as birth weight < 2 kg, gestational age < 34 weeks and NICU admission was significantly high in 23 women who had abnormal UAS with normal umbilical artery Doppler. In pregnancies beyond 34 weeks abnormal uterine artery Doppler was a better predictor of adverse outcome than umbilical artery Doppler.

Conclusion
Abnormal uterine artery Doppler is a reliable predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in high-risk pregnancies with preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Normal uterine artery Doppler in third trimester is reassuring. Thus inclusion of uterine artery Doppler along with umbilical artery Doppler in high-risk pregnancy in third trimester will improve fetal surveillance.
Does Artificial Rupture of Membranes (ARM) Reduce Duration of Labor in Primigravidae: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bellad MB , Kamal Patil , Rajeshwari Patil 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Objective
To study the effectiveness of artificial rupture of membranes(ARM) in reducing the duration of labor in primigravida.

Methods
A one year prospective randomized controlled trial was carried out on 200 primigravida (100 each to ARM and no ARM group) meeting the selection criteria. The outcomes were noted in both the groups. Data analysis was done using Chi Square and Z test.

Results
The mean duration of labor from enrolment to full dilation of the cervix or bearing down sensation was 4.76 ± 1.64 in ARM group compared to 5.66 ± 1.85 in the control group which was statistically significant (p value = 0.000; 95%). There was no difference in the duration of second and third stage of labor in both groups. There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery between ARM and control group. There was no significant difference in mean birth weight and Apgar score between the two groups.

Conclusion
ARM definitely reduced the duration of labor without any detrimental effects on fetus, mother and mode of delivery. Hence, there is no reason to strive to maintain the integrity of the fetal membranes in spontaneous labor in women where ARM is not contraindicated.
Management of Endometriosis—A Two Years Study at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Kapur K , Biswas M , Joneja GS , Sharma R , Talwar P 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Objective
The purpose of this study was to analyze the line of treatment and its outcome in cases of endometriosis presenting with infertility and pelvic pain at a tertiary center having facilities of operative endoscopy and assisted reproductive technology.

Methods
All cases of Infertility and pelvic pain over a period of two years were subjected to laparoscopy. Patients who were diagnosed with endometriosis were classified into categories. Different system of classification was used for patients of Infertility and pelvic pain. A large number of patients were subjected to expectant management. Selected cases underwent IUI, IVF-ET and ICSI. The numbers of pregnancies were recorded in these cases. Patients with pelvic pain were treated with hormonal therapy.

Results
1038 patients were studied over a period of 2 years out of which 983 presented with Infertility and 55 with pelvic pain. 294 cases of infertility were detected and biopsy proven to be having endometriosis and 20 of the 55 cases of pelvic pain were also detected to have endometriosis. In the infertility group 76 patients were found to have bilateral tubal block. 215 patients were detected to have various grades of lesions but with patent bilateral/unilateral tubes. 6 patients with blocked tubes and 11 patients with patent tube/tubes also were associated with male factor infertility. 88 patients with blocked tubes and/or male factor received treatment with IVF-ET/ICSI. 178 patients underwent ovulation induction and 28 were simply observed. There were 42.8% pregnancies in the observation group, 49.4% in the ovulation induction-IUI group and 45.4% in IVF-ET/ICSI group.

Conclusion
30% of the cases of Infertility had endometriosis. Following operative endoscopy treatment for all cases, the occurrence of pregnancy was similar in patients who were simply observed and those who received treatment with ovulation induction-IUI. Those with mechanical problems of sperm-egg union are best treated with IVF-ET where facilities exist.
Significance of Persistent Inflammatory Cervical Smears in Sexually Active Women of Reproductive Age Group—A Prospective Study
Authors: Gupta Nidhi 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
To study the significance of persistent inflammatory cervical Papanicolaou smears, in sexually active women of reproductive age group attending the out patient department of department of obstetrics and gynecology, Sarojini Naidu Medical College and Hospitals, Agra were recruited. Patients with persistent inflammatory cervical smears were subjected to Schiller directed cervical biopsy for histopathological examination.
Persistent inflammatory changes were seen in 37.6% cervical smears.
Underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on histopathologic examination was found in 13.6% persisters. Prevalence of CIN was higher in women over 30 years and significantly so in women with parity higher than 2. It was further observed that severity of underlying CIN lesions increased with increasing duration of marital life.

Objective
To study the significance of persistent inflammatory cervical smears in sexually active women of reproductive age.

Study design
A prospective tertiary teaching hospital based study on 3000 sexually active women aged between 18 to 45 years attending the OPD from October 2006 to December 2008.

Material and methods
Sexually active women aged between 18 to 45 years with inflammatory smears attending the OPD of the department of obstetrics and gynecology, SN Medical College and Hospital were recruited for the study.
Repeat cervical smears were taken after 3 months of systemic antimicrobials plus local antiseptics.
Patients with persistent inflammatory cervical smears were subjected to Schiller directed cervical biopsy for histopathological examination. Relationship of age, parity, duration of marital life, different contraceptive practices and other high-risk factors were studied vis-ì-vis histopathological findings of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Results
Persistent inflammatory changes were noted in 37.6% cervical smears.
Underlying cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on histopathalogic examination was seen in 13.6% persisters. Prevalence of CIN was higher in women over 30 years, and over para 3 uninfluenced by the presence of cervical lesion. Severity of underlying CIN lesions increased with increasing duration of marital life.

Conclusion
Women with persistent inflammatory cervical smears, especially if she is above 30 years, sexually active for 10 years and is third para, should have further evaluation with cervical biopsy.
Factors Associated with Perinatal Mortality: A Descriptive Observational Study
Authors: Bellad MB , Srividhya K , Ranjit Kangle , Dhaded SM 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT

Objective
The objective of this study was to find out various causes of perinatal mortality and the factors associated with perinatal death.

Methods
A descriptive observational study done in a teaching hospital (Referral hospital at district) attached to Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum. All perinatal deaths during the period between December 2007 to May 2009 were included in the study.

Results
There were 3904 deliveries and 193 perinatal deaths during the study period. Perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) was 49.4/1000 births. The stillbirth rate was 43/1000 births. Antepartum hemorrhage and severe pre-eclampsia were the common causes of perinatal deaths.

Conclusion
Antepartum hemorrhage and pregnancy induced hypertension are leading causes of perinatal deaths. Majority of these complications occur in the later part of pregnancy increased vigilance during antenatal care can reduce these deaths.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta with Chondrodysplasia Punctata: A New Syndrome
Authors: Rasool Sabahat , Qamar Amir , Akhtar Omar Salim 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
A 32 years old G6p5 presented with full-term pregnancy and polyhydramnios. Sonography diagnosed skeletal dysplasia, AFI 38 cm and exteremly calcified grade 3 placenta. Postmortem radiograph confirmed osteogenesis imperfecta type 2 and chondrodysplasia punctata. The baby died of respiratory distress. This lethal association should be kept in mind whenever skeletal dysplasia is detected.
Benign Ovarian Mature Teratoma with Predominant Osteoid Tissue
Authors: Pilli Ganga S 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
A sixty five years old lady presented with a mass in the abdomen. It was hard, well circumscribed mass arising from the pelvis. On per vaginal examination, the mass was felt in the anterior and left fornices. Left oophorectomy was done. On gross examination the tumor was solid and bony hard. Microscopy revealed benign mature teratoma with predominantly osteoid tissue. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. The case is presented for its unusual presentation.
Severe Adolescent Menorrhagia due to Cervical Fibroid
Authors: Singh Tejshree , Majumdar Abha 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
A rare case of severe menorrhagia in a young girl with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is presented. On thorough investigations (blood tests and ultrasound) nothing substantial came up, hence ultimately pelvic examination under anesthesia was undertaken, which uncovered a cervical polyp 2.5 × 2.5 × 1.5 cm size, with a intracervical broad base, presenting at the external os but not protruding into the vagina. The growth was electrocauterized at its base, resected and a thorough curettage was done. Histopathology revealed a myomatous polyp and secretory endometrium. Though always a dilemma, in adolescent menorrhagia, a pelvic examination may be lifesaving in certain cases, if diagnosis is unclear. The importance of doing a thorough local examination in spite of absent history of sexual activity is highlighted by the following case.
Dyed But Not Dead: Methemoglobinemia Following Chromopertubation with Methylene Blue
Authors: Rasool Sabahat , Akhtar Omar S , Rathi Asha , Alami Zeba 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
A patient undergoing chromoperturbation with methylene blue developed methemoglobinemia. Methylene blue dye used for chromotubation during laparoscopic evaluation can extravasate in lymphatics particularly in cases of Chronic PID, Tuberculosis. Methemoglobunemia as a complication occurs whenever high concentration of dye is used. Other complications are anaphylactic reaction, pulmonary edema. Conservative management with aggressive support for hemodynmic stability is the rule.
Oat Cell Carcinoma of Lung Mimicking Choriocarcinoma
Authors: Betsy Thomas 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
This is the case report of a postcesarean woman who presented with multiple lung secondaries, bilateral ovarian cysts and very high serum β-hCG which turned out not to be choriocarcinoma. This shows the importance of tissue diagnosis even in patients who show all other features of choriocarcinoma.
Postpartum Respiratory Failure
Authors: Puri Randhir , Singh Yoginder , Anand Shankar K , Tyagi Arun , Rohatgi S , Jagadish AM 
Published: April 2010

ABSTRACT
This is a case report of a 29 years old primigravida who at 32 weeks of gestation presented with severe pain abdomen and backache. She had a massive concealed placental abruption that led intrauterine fetal death. Due to the progressively deteriorating maternal condition a cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia to deliver the dead fetus. After five days the patient developed acute respiratory failure and needed mechanical ventilation. The common causes of respiratory failure associated with pregnancy are discussed.