bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle risk management – a qualitative analysis of women’s descriptions of taking hormone therapy following surgically induced menopause
Authors: Crowe Marie , Burrell Beverly , Whitehead Lisa 
Published: November 2011

crowe m., burrell b. & whitehead l. (2011) Lifestyle risk management – a qualitative analysis of women’s descriptions of taking hormone therapy following surgically induced menopause. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(6), 1814–1823.AbstractAim.  This article is a report of a study that examined how women describe their decisions in relation to the use of menopausal hormone therapy following surgical menopause.Background.  Women who have had a surgically induced menopause generally experience more intense menopausal symptoms than natural menopause and are regularly prescribed menopausal hormone therapy. Since 2002 the risks associated with this therapy have been widely reported.Method.  This study is a qualitative analysis of semi‐structured interviews between March and May 2009 with 30 participants who had experienced surgical menopause and were, or had in the past, taken menopausal hormone therapy. This was a community sample recruited in Christchurch, New Zealand. A risk management theoretical approach underpinned the analysis.Findings.  The womens’ descriptions of managing the risks associated with menopausal therapy fell into two main themes: Life has to go on and Waiting for someone to tell me. All these women had either made an active decision to continue on treatment because of the impact of menopausal symptoms or took their doctor’s advice to continue. A less dominant theme but one that was also evident was Relying on my body to get me through in which the women had decided to discontinue treatment because they regarded it as unnatural.Conclusion.  The study provided insights into how women utilize an experiential reasoning process to manage the health and lifestyle risks associated with taking menopausal hormone therapy. Nurses need to be aware of how this process influences women’s reasoning processes when working with women following surgical menopause.
Stress resiliency, psychological empowerment and conflict management styles among baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: Pines Eula W. , Rauschhuber Maureen L. , Norgan Gary H. , Cook Jennifer D. , Canchola Leticia , Richardson Cynthia , Jones Mary Elaine 
Published: November 2011

pines e.w., rauschhuber m.l., norgan g.h., cook j.d., canchola l., richardson c. & jones m.e. (2012) Stress resiliency, psychological empowerment and conflict management styles among baccalaureate nursing students. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(7), 1482–1493.AbstractAims.  This article is a report of a Neuman Systems Model‐guided correlational study of the relations of stress resiliency, psychological empowerment, selected demographic characteristics (age, ethnicity, semester in school) and conflict management styles.Background.  Emerging evidence suggests that stress resiliency and psychological empowerment can strengthen student nurses in academic achievement and coping with stress. Little is known about conflict management styles of students and the relationship to empowerment, resiliency and the implications for managing workplace conflict.Methods.  A correlational study was conducted in Spring 2010 with 166 baccalaureate students. Most participants were female, single, Hispanic and 25 years old. The data collection instruments included the Stress Resiliency Profile, the Psychological Empowerment Instrument, the Conflict Mode Instrument and a demographic inventory. Descriptive and inferential correlational statistics were used to analyse the data.Results.  Students scored in the high range for focusing on their deficiencies in conflict situations; they scored above the 60th percentile for avoiding and accommodating behaviours and were less likely to use competing or collaborating strategies to manage conflict. Empowerment scores were significantly correlated with stress resiliency scores. Students with high scores on empowerment had high scores on the skill recognition subscale of the Stress Resiliency Profile suggesting more resilience; high scores on empowerment were related to high necessitating subscale scores of the Stress Resiliency Profile suggesting a predisposition to stress.Conclusions.  Neuman Systems Model may provide guidance for educators to strengthen student nurses’ management of stressors in the workplace.
Risk factors of pregnancy‐related lumbopelvic pain: a biopsychosocial approach
Authors: Chang Hao‐Yuan , Jensen Mark P , Yang Ya‐Ling , Lee Chien‐Nan , Lai Yeur‐Hur 
Published: November 2011

Aims and objectives.  To examine the associations between pain‐related psychological and social factors and pregnancy‐related lumbopelvic pain intensity and interference after controlling biological factors.Background.  Pregnancy‐related lumbopelvic pain is prevalent and has been shown to interfere with women’s quality of life. Although pain is a multidimensional phenomenon known to be influenced by psychosocial factors, the majority of previous research on this pregnancy‐related lumbopelvic pain has focused on biological factors.Design.  Cross‐sectional correlational research.Method.  A sample of 183 pregnant women with lumbopelvic pain was recruited from a medical center in northern Taiwan. Study participants provided demographic information and were administered the Brief Pain Inventory and a modified Catastrophising subscale of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Multiple regressions were used to examine the associations among the study variables.Results.  Analyses indicated that lower education level was associated with higher pain intensity. Higher pain intensity during pregnancy and catastrophising cognitions were associated significantly with higher pain interference. Moreover, age moderated the strength of the association between pain intensity and pain interference. This association was stronger for older than for younger women.Conclusions.  This study identified the psychosocial factors associated with pregnancy‐related lumbopelvic pain intensity (educational level) and interference (pain intensity and catastrophising) and also a variable (age) that moderated the association between pain intensity and pain interference. The findings support a biopsychosocial approach in understanding the experience and impact of pregnancy‐related lumbopelvic pain.Relevance to clinical practice.  Nurses should assess pregnant clients’ age, educational level, pain intensity and pain catastrophising thoughts to help identify women who are more at risk for higher lumbopelvic pain intensity or interference. Women endorsing catastrophising cognitions should be referred to or provided with treatment to reduce the frequency of these cognitions that are known to have a negative impact on quality of life in other pain populations.
Nurses’ perceptions and attitudes towards computerisation in a private hospital
Authors: Chow Susan KY , Chin Wai‐Ying , Lee Hoi‐Yan , Leung Hiu‐Ching , Tang Fung‐Hei 
Published: November 2011

Aims.  To explore nurses’ attitudes and level of satisfaction in using the Hospital Information System in clinical practice.Background.  Application of the Hospital Information System is increasing and there is substantial evidence suggesting that the successful implementation of Hospital Information System is significantly related to nurses’ attitudes. However, little information is currently available on the factors influencing those attitudes and their level of satisfaction in Hospital Information System use.Design.  Cross‐sectional survey.Methods.  A stratified, random sampling of 342 nurses working in a Hong Kong private hospital and using Hospital Information System was recruited. A questionnaire was used to collect data on perceptions, level of satisfaction and attitudes towards Hospital Information System usage. Correlations and linear regressions were used to analyse the data.Results.  Multiple linear regression analysis showed that work units, perceived usefulness and information technology support are the three predictors of nurses’ attitudes and level of satisfaction with the system. In addition, nurses who have higher perceived ease of use and better satisfaction towards using the system are associated with positive attitude.Conclusion.  The study results serve to guide the nurse managers to develop information systems based on the nurses’ needs. Previous studies regarded nurses’ level of satisfaction as a part of nurses’ attitude. What is of interest in this study is that nurses’ satisfaction level can be viewed as an individual factor affecting nurses’ attitudes. With a user‐friendly system, nurses tend to be more satisfied and therefore potentially more engaged in its use. This may indirectly improve patient care by saving time on documentation and enhancing communication among departments.Relevance to clinical practice.  The nurse managers should promote an institutional culture to motivate staff towards positive acceptance of innovation. An effective collaboration with the information technology team would enhance a more efficient exchange of information to understand the complex factors of IT implementation.
Evolutionary and functional analyses of cytochrome P4501A promoter polymorphisms in natural populations
Authors: WILLIAMS LARISSA M. , OLEKSIAK MARJORIE F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe functional importance of variable, transcriptional regulatory sequences within and among natural populations is largely unexplored. We analysed the cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) promoter in three populations of the minnow, Fundulus heteroclitus, because two SNPs in the promoter and first intron of CYP1A are under selection in populations adapted to pollutants. To define the importance of these SNPs, 1630 bp of the CYP1A promoter and first intron and exon were sequenced in eight individuals from three populations: a population from a polluted environment resistant to some aromatic pollutants and two flanking reference populations. CYP1A is induced by many aromatic pollutants, but in populations adapted to pollutants, CYP1A has been shown to be refractory to induction. We were interested in understanding whether variation in the CYP1A promoter explains mechanism(s) of adaptation to these aromatic pollutants. The CYP1A promoter was extremely variable (an average of 9.3% of the promoter nucleotides varied among all populations) and exhibited no fixed differences between populations. As CYP1A is poorly inducible in adapted fish, we hypothesized that CYP1A promoter regions might vary functionally between populations. Unexpectedly, in vitro analysis showed significantly greater transcription from CYP1A promoters found in the population from the polluted environment relative to promoters found in both reference populations. Thus, despite extensive variation among populations and lack of fixed differences between populations, individuals from a polluted environment have significantly enhanced promoter activity. These data demonstrate that intraspecific variation, which provides the raw material for natural selection to act on, can occur while maintaining promoter function.
AGD1, a class 1 ARF‐GAP, acts in common signaling pathways with phosphoinositide metabolism and the actin cytoskeleton in controlling Arabidopsis root hair polarity
Authors: Yoo Cheol‐Min , Quan Li , Cannon Ashley E. , Wen Jiangqi , Blancaflor Elison B. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe Arabidopsis thaliana AGD1 gene encodes a class 1 adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor‐gtpase‐activating protein (ARF‐GAP). Previously, we found that agd1 mutants have root hairs that exhibit wavy growth and have two tips that originate from a single initiation point. To gain new insights into how AGD1 modulates root hair polarity we analyzed double mutants of agd1 and other loci involved in root hair development, and evaluated dynamics of various components of root hair tip growth in agd1 by live cell microscopy. Because AGD1 contains a phosphoinositide (PI) binding pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, we focused on genetic interactions between agd1 and root hair mutants altered in PI metabolism. Rhd4, which is knocked‐out in a gene encoding a phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate (PI‐4P) phosphatase, was epistatic to agd1. In contrast, mutations to PIP5K3 and COW1, which encode a type B phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinase 3 and a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, respectively, enhanced the root hair defects of agd1. Enhanced root hair defects were also observed in double mutants to AGD1 and ACT2, a root hair‐expressed vegetative actin isoform. Consistent with our double‐mutant studies, targeting of tip growth components involved in PI signaling (PI‐4P), secretion (RABA4b) and actin regulation (ROP2), were altered in agd1 root hairs. Furthermore, tip cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) oscillations were disrupted in root hairs of agd1. Taken together, our results indicate that AGD1 links PI signaling to cytoskeletal‐, [Ca2+]cyt−, ROP2‐, and RABA4b‐mediated root hair development.
Pediatric liver transplantation – Ethical dilemmas in a disabled patient
Authors: Toker A. , Salzer L. 
Published: November 2011

Toker A, Salzer L. Pediatric liver transplantation – Ethical dilemmas in a disabled patient.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Allocation of medical resources, especially resources with absolute scarcity such as organs for transplant, is a difficult task. Medical, surgical, and ethical considerations should be evaluated. In solid organ transplantation, ethics committees are the gate keepers that deal with moral philosophy when moral values are in conflict. Often, no good solution to a dilemma in these medical ethics exists. Our case presents split living liver donation for retransplantation in a mentally disabled girl, with few medical ethics principles at stake.
Future candidates for indications of Helicobacter pylori eradication: Do the indications need to be revised?
Authors: Lee Sun‐Young 
Published: November 2011

AbstractSince the discovery of Helicobacter pylori in 1982, the development of several treatment guidelines has allowed a consensus on the indications for H. pylori eradication. Beyond these currently accepted indications, including various upper gastrointestinal disorders and extragastric diseases, a significant amount of new information regarding H. pylori eradication is emerging. Certain types of acute gastritis, such as nodular gastritis, hypertrophic gastritis, Ménétrier's disease, hemorrhagic gastritis, and granulomatous gastritis are reversible after H. pylori eradication. Further, for chronic gastritis, closed‐type atrophic gastritis and complete‐type intestinal metaplasia appear to be more reversible after H. pylori eradication than open‐type atrophic gastritis and incomplete‐type intestinal metaplasia. Eradication can also be considered in subjects younger than 40 years who have a family history of gastric cancer and in subjects with long‐term medications that might lead to bleeding (antiplatelet agents) or atrophy (proton pump inhibitors). Emerging evidence indicates that H. pylori eradication could be an effective treatment for some extragastric diseases that are unresponsive to conventional therapy. In such conditions, routine screening for eradication of H. pylori has not previously been recommended; a “test‐and‐treat” approach is suggested in the aforementioned situations. Given that H. pylori eradication is effective when the gastritis is reversible, future indications should be expanded to include acute gastric lesions that show marked improvement upon H. pylori eradication rather than just focusing on chronic gastric lesions. Future indications for H. pylori eradication should focus more on reversible lesions before preneoplastic conditions develop.
Effect of pretreatment with Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 on first‐line Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy
Authors: Deguchi Ryuzo , Nakaminami Hidemasa , Rimbara Emiko , Noguchi Norihisa , Sasatsu Masanori , Suzuki Takayoshi , Matsushima Masashi , Koike Jun , Igarashi Muneki , Ozawa Hideki , Fukuda Ryuki , Takagi Atsushi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Helicobacter pylori eradication clearly decreases peptic ulcer recurrence rates. H. pylori eradication is achieved in 70–90% of cases, but treatment failures due to poor patient compliance and resistant organisms do occur. Lactobacillus gasseri can suppress both clarithromycin‐susceptible and ‐resistant strains of H. pylori in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pretreatment with L. gasseri‐ containing yogurt on H. pylori eradication. We conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial in patients with H. pylori infection.Methods:  A total of 229 patients were randomized into either a 1‐week triple therapy of rabeprazole (10 mg bid), amoxicillin (750 mg bid), and clarithromycin (200 mg bid) or triple therapy plus L. gasseri‐containing yogurt. In the yogurt‐plus‐triple therapy groups, yogurt containing L. gasseri OLL2716 (112 g) was given twice daily for 4 weeks (3 weeks pretreatment and also 1 week during eradication therapy). Clarithromycin resistance was determined by the detection of a mutation in 23S rRNA using nested polymerase chain reaction and the direct sequencing of DNA from pretreatment feces. H. pylori eradication was diagnosed based on the urea breath test and a stool antigen test after 8 weeks of eradication.Results:  The status of H. pylori susceptibility to clarithromycin was successively determined in 188 out of 229 samples. The rate of infection with clarithromycin‐resistant strains of H. pylori was 27.1%. Overall eradication (intention to treat/per protocol) was 69.3/74.5% for the triple‐only group, and 82.6/85.6% for the yogurt‐plus‐triple group (P = 0.018/P = 0.041). Eradication of primary clarithromycin‐resistant strains tended to be higher for yogurt‐plus‐triple therapy than triple‐only therapy (38.5 vs 28.0%, respectively, P = 0.458).Conclusion:  This study confirmed that the major cause of treatment failure is resistance to clarithromycin. A 4‐week treatment with L. gasseri‐containing yogurt improves the efficacy of triple therapy in patients with H. pylori infection.
Cortical activity patterns predict robust speech discrimination ability in noise
Authors: Shetake Jai A. , Wolf Jordan T. , Cheung Ryan J. , Engineer Crystal T. , Ram Satyananda K. , Kilgard Michael P. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe neural mechanisms that support speech discrimination in noisy conditions are poorly understood. In quiet conditions, spike timing information appears to be used in the discrimination of speech sounds. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that spike timing is also used to distinguish between speech sounds in noisy conditions that significantly degrade neural responses to speech sounds. We tested speech sound discrimination in rats and recorded primary auditory cortex (A1) responses to speech sounds in background noise of different intensities and spectral compositions. Our behavioral results indicate that rats, like humans, are able to accurately discriminate consonant sounds even in the presence of background noise that is as loud as the speech signal. Our neural recordings confirm that speech sounds evoke degraded but detectable responses in noise. Finally, we developed a novel neural classifier that mimics behavioral discrimination. The classifier discriminates between speech sounds by comparing the A1 spatiotemporal activity patterns evoked on single trials with the average spatiotemporal patterns evoked by known sounds. Unlike classifiers in most previous studies, this classifier is not provided with the stimulus onset time. Neural activity analyzed with the use of relative spike timing was well correlated with behavioral speech discrimination in quiet and in noise. Spike timing information integrated over longer intervals was required to accurately predict rat behavioral speech discrimination in noisy conditions. The similarity of neural and behavioral discrimination of speech in noise suggests that humans and rats may employ similar brain mechanisms to solve this problem.
Market and State‐supported Sustainability: A Tale of Two Rural Communities in Iowa and Italy
Authors: Trabalzi Ferruccio , De Rosa Marcello 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of the article is to compare, using surveys, interviews and participant observation, long‐term development strategies in two rural communities, one in Iowa (Amana Colonies) and the other in southern Italy (Val Comino). The Amana Colonies have chosen a market model whereas the Val Comino uses a model supported with funds from the European Community. Both strategies prioritise local ability to co‐ordinate actions across geographical and institutional scales. The findings suggest that the efficiency of the two strategies is wearing out and their long‐term sustainability is in question. In the case of southern Italy, this is because powerful members in local institutions operate on conventions of clientelism and corporativism; in the Amanas it is because shareholders who live in the community are interested in preserving the identity of the territory whereas those who do not are interested in the corporation's dividends.
Public awareness and attitudes towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amin T.T. , Kaliyadan F. , Al‐Ajyan M.I. , Al‐Arfaj A.K. , Al‐mujhim M.A. , Al‐Harbi S.J. , Al Mohammed H.I. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackground and Aims  One of the priorities in public health policy for the control of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is to investigate associations between disease distribution, socio‐demographical and environmental risk factors, so that rational prevention and control strategies can be developed. Assessment of baseline awareness of the disease amongst the endemic population would be one of the first steps in this direction. This study aims to provide qualitative information on lay perceptions of CL in an endemic area in Saudi Arabia. We also attempted to correlate these perceptions with associated socio‐demographical backgrounds.Methods  This was a cross‐sectional descriptive survey carried out in Al‐Hassa, located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The study included 1824 participants, age ranging from 15 to 63 years (mean 35.86 ± 9.54 years).Results  Over 76% of the studied population recognized the infectious nature of CL. There was also good awareness regarding the clinical features of CL, but the awareness regarding the vector, transmission, risk factors and preventive methods were very poor. Our study demonstrated a significantly higher knowledge score correlated with regard to male gender, higher family income, age and a previous history of CL.Conclusion  In our study we found low awareness for important epidemiological aspects like transmission of the disease, risk factors and prevention. Our study provides a baseline to understand and correct deficits in the perceptions and knowledge regarding CL in Saudi Arabia and would provide a template to design interventions.