bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and emotional competencies of students with special educational needs in inclusive education
Authors: Ralić Anamarija Žic , Marković Jelena 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe social and emotional development of students is one of the important goals of inclusive education. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multidimensional social and emotional competencies of students with special educational needs (SEN), with a focus on identifying the areas in which they achieve the highest and lowest levels of proficiency. Furthermore, it will be investigated whether there are gender differences in the social and emotional competencies of students with SEN, and differences in comparison to students without SEN. This research is based on the CASEL conceptual framework of social and emotional learning. A random sample of teachers (N = 54) assess the social and emotional competencies of both students with SEN (N = 54) and students without SEN (N = 54) with Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA). Participants completed questionnaires online in spring of 2021. The results show that students with SEN exhibit the highest level of competence in relationship skills and optimistic thinking, whereas the lowest level of competence is found in goal‐directed behaviour and self‐management. There were no discernible gender differences observed in the social and emotional competences of students with SEN. Compared to students without SEN, they exhibit statistically significant lower levels of every social and emotional competency. The findings indicate the necessity of implementing interventions targeting goal‐directed behaviours and self‐management of students with SEN.
Use of carbonyldiimidazole as a derivatization agent for the detection of pinacolyl alcohol, a forensic marker for Soman, by EI‐GC–MS and LC‐HRMS in official OPCW proficiency test matrices
Authors: Valdez Carlos A. , Kaseman Derrick C. , Dreyer Mark L. , Hok Saphon , Vu Alexander K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPinacolyl alcohol (PA), a key forensic marker for the nerve agent Soman (GD), is a particularly difficult analyte to detect by various analytical methods. In this work, we have explored the reaction between PA and 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to yield pinacolyl 1H‐imidazole‐1‐carboxylate (PIC), a product that can be conveniently detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography‐high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS). Regarding its GC–MS profile, this new carbamate derivative of PA possesses favorable chromatographic features such as a sharp peak and a longer retention time (RT = 16.62 min) relative to PA (broad peak and short retention time, RT = 4.1 min). The derivative can also be detected by LC‐HRMS, providing an avenue for the analysis of this chemical using this technique where PA is virtually undetectable unless present in large concentrations. From a forensic science standpoint, detection of this low molecular weight alcohol signals the past or latent presence of the nerve agent Soman (GD) in a given matrix (i.e., environmental or biological). The efficiency of the protocol was tested separately in the analysis and detection of PA by EI‐GC–MS and LC‐HRMS when present at a 10 μg/mL in a soil matrix featured in the 44th PT and in a glycerol‐rich liquid matrix featured in the 48th Official Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Proficiency Test when present at a 5 μg/mL concentration. In both scenarios, PA was successfully transformed into PIC, establishing the protocol as an additional tool for the analysis of this unnatural and unique nerve agent marker by GC–MS and LC‐HRMS.
Resilience and challenges of peritoneal dialysis survivors in the aftermath of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake
Authors: Sahutoglu Tuncay , Danis Ramazan , Pembegul Irem , Ozturk Ilyas , Huzmeli Can , Tugcu Murat , Oguz Ebru Gok , Bora Feyza , Islam Mahmud , Ayar Yavuz , Yilmaz Zulfikar , Tanburoglu Derya Basak , Genc Fatih , Bindal Mehmet Emin , Tuglular Serhan , Kazancioglu Rumeyza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionPeritoneal dialysis (PD) remains understudied in disaster nephrology. This retrospective multicenter study explores the experiences of PD survivors following the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş Earthquake.MethodsAdult PD patients from 11 affected cities were analyzed to assess challenges faced during and postearthquake, alongside clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong 101 participants (median age: 45 years, median PD duration: 24 months), 57 were female, with 79 on continuous ambulatory PD. Challenges included power outages and water shortages, with primary shelter in kin's houses (33%) and homes (28%). Twelve patients experienced PD program delays, and three lacked assistance postdisaster. Sixteen patients changed PD modalities, with seven experiencing postearthquake peritonitis. Clinical parameters remained stable, except for a slight decrease in hemoglobin levels.ConclusionDespite challenges, PD survivors exhibited resilience, highlighting the importance of addressing peritonitis and unusual pathogens in disaster preparedness initiatives.
Effects of vitamin D3 on lifespan in Drosophila at different yeast levels
Authors: Jin Hui , Zhong Lichao , Xu Yifan , Shen Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeficiency of vitamin D3 has been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing some common diseases and death. However, the exact effect of vitamin D3 intake along with a high‐protein diet and its optimal intake is unclear. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the beneficial effects of vitamin D3 on longevity using the Drosophila model. Vitamin D3 did extend lifespan on a high‐protein diet, but above a certain concentration, it had the opposite effect in males. Our data suggest that the effect of vitamin D3 on longevity is diet‐dependent and concentration‐dependent.
Effects of age and captivity on the social structure and migration survival of a critically endangered bird
Authors: Bussolini L. T. , Franks V. R. , Heinsohn R. , Stojanovic D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReintroductions of threatened species is a conservation strategy utilised around the world. Unfortunately, many translocated individuals have poor rates of survival post‐release. If released individuals are unable to socially integrate into wild populations, they might lose the safety of the group or fail to learn critical skills. We examined the effects of age and captivity on sociality and migration survival for the critically endangered orange‐bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogaster). As part of recovery efforts, adult birds are released in spring to contribute to breeding and juveniles are released in autumn prior to migration. Historically, captive‐bred adults have low rates of migration survival, whereas captive and wild juveniles survive at comparable rates. We investigated both the long‐term impacts of captivity on sociality and how sociality impacted migration survival by constructing social networks and comparing captive and wild birds of different age classes. We found no differences between captive and wild birds, suggesting that released birds integrated into the population. However, juveniles were more strongly connected and demonstrated greater network stability than adults. While we found no impact of sociality on survival, our results provide evidence of different migration strategies previously described for juveniles and adults: adults depart in small groups and juveniles depart as a larger flock a few weeks later. We suggest that the low migration survival of captive‐bred adults may be attributable to this cohort missing the juvenile flocking phase. These results suggest that a juvenile developmental phase may be impactful in this species for future survival.
The distance of insertion points from wound margins in interrupted and vertical mattress sutures influences the tensile load capacity: An in vitro experimental study
Authors: Jeong Seungho , Lee Won‐Ho , Hong Kyu‐Jin , Strauss Franz Josef , Lee Jung‐Seok 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo determine the tensile load capacity (TLC) and the tearing characteristics for interrupted and vertical mattress sutures with different insertion points from the wound margin, and the effect of the bite size when using vertical mattress sutures.Materials and MethodsA total of 120 gingiva and lining mucosa samples obtained from pig jaws were divided into groups according to the suturing technique (interrupted and vertical mattress sutures), distance of the insertion points from the wound margin (margin, 1, 3, and 5 mm) and bite size (1, 3, and 5 mm). The TLC of the suture and the tearing characteristics were evaluated using a tensile tester device.ResultsThe TLC was significantly higher for vertical mattress sutures than for interrupted sutures regardless of the distance of the insertion points from the wound margin (intergroup p < .001). This distance significantly influenced the TLC for vertical mattress sutures (p < .05) but not for interrupted sutures (p > .05). Testing the tearing characteristics revealed that no tissue tearing occurred in groups when the insertion points were more than 3 mm from the wound margin.ConclusionThe TLC is higher for vertical mattress sutures than for interrupted sutures, and it increases when the insertion points are farther from the wound margin.
Brain activation and connection across resting and motor‐task states in patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures
Authors: Jiang Sisi , Wang Yuehan , Pei Haonan , Li Hechun , Chen Junxia , Yao Yutong , Li Qifu , Yao Dezhong , Luo Cheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsMotor abnormalities have been identified as one common symptom in patients with generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS) inspiring us to explore the disease in a motor execution condition, which might provide novel insight into the pathomechanism.MethodsResting‐state and motor‐task fMRI data were collected from 50 patients with GTCS, including 18 patients newly diagnosed without antiepileptic drugs (ND_GTCS) and 32 patients receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs_GTCS). Motor activation and its association with head motion and cerebral gradients were assessed. Whole‐brain network connectivity across resting and motor states was further calculated and compared between groups.ResultsAll patients showed over‐activation in the postcentral gyrus and the ND_GTCS showed decreased activation in putamen. Specifically, activation maps of ND_GTCS showed an abnormal correlation with head motion and cerebral gradient. Moreover, we detected altered functional network connectivity in patients within states and across resting and motor states by using repeated‐measures analysis of variance. Patients did not show abnormal connectivity in the resting state, while distributed abnormal connectivity in the motor‐task state. Decreased across‐state network connectivity was also found in all patients.ConclusionConvergent findings suggested the over‐response of activation and connection of the brain to motor execution in GTCS, providing new clues to uncover motor susceptibility underlying the disease.
Classification and stratification in pilonidal sinus disease: findings from the PITSTOP cohort
Authors: Lee Matthew J. , Lee Ellen , Bradburn Mike , Hind Daniel , Strong Emily B. , Din Farhat , Wysocki Arkadiusz P. , Lund Jon , Moffatt Christine , Morton Jonathan , Senapati Asha , Jones Helen , Brown Steven R. ,   the PITSTOP Management Group and the PITSTOP Validators
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimResearch in pilonidal disease faces several challenges, one of which is consistent and useful disease classification. The International Pilonidal Society (IPS) proposed a four‐part classification in 2017. The aim of this work was to assess the validity and reliability of this tool using data from the PITSTOP cohort study.MethodFace validity was assessed by mapping the items/domains in the IPS tool against tools identified through a systematic review. Key concepts were defined as those appearing in more than two‐thirds of published tools. Concurrent and predictive validity were assessed by comparing key patient‐reported outcome measures between groups at baseline and at clinic visit. The outcomes of interest were health utility, Cardiff Wound Impact Questionnaire (CWIQ) and pain score between groups. Significance was set at p = 0.05 a priori. Interrater reliability was assessed using images captured during the PITSTOP cohort. Ninety images were assessed by six raters (two experts, two general surgeons and two trainees), and classified into IPS type. Interrater reliability was assessed using the unweighted kappa and unweighted Gwet's AC1 statistics.ResultsFor face validity items represented in the IPS were common to other classification systems. Concurrent and predictive validity assessment showed differences in health utility and pain between groups at baseline, and for some treatment groups at follow‐up. Assessors agreed the same classification in 38% of participants [chance‐corrected kappa 0.52 (95% CI 0.42–0.61), Gwet's AC1 0.63 (95% CI 0.56–0.69)].ConclusionThe IPS classification demonstrates key aspects of reliability and validity that would support its implementation.
Finance capitalism in industrializing autocracies: Evidence from corporate balance sheets in imperial Germany and Russia
Authors: Fohlin Caroline , Gregg Amanda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRussia and Germany both industrialized later than England and the United States, and both countries retained authoritarian autocracies until World War I. On the basis of a large collection of firm‐level balance sheets, this paper presents new evidence revealing the likely impact of these systematic disparities on emerging industry's access to capital. Contrary to the standard ‘economic backwardness’ and ‘law and finance’ literatures, we argue that differences in financing between Russian and German corporations were consistent with authoritarian control of corporate entry as well as Russia's agricultural economy and overall lower level of economic development.
A study on the influence of learning space on students' intrinsic learning motivation
Authors: Chen Hui , Chen Jie , Chiang Feng‐Kuang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFollowing the continuous reform and innovation of classroom teaching methods and pedagogy in higher education, the support provided by traditional classrooms for new classes seems to be insufficient. Empirical exploration into the impact of learning spaces on student learning motivation, particularly in terms of how and to what extent, has been limited. This study focuses on student intrinsic learning motivation as the dependent variable and constructs an influence model incorporating factors such as learning space, pedagogy and classroom relationships. A comparative analysis is conducted to assess the differential influence between two learning space types: active learning spaces and traditional classrooms. Utilizing a convenience sampling method, students engaged in coursework at University A's ‘Future Learning Experience Center’ and traditional multimedia learning spaces over three academic terms were selected. Differential tests were performed on data collected from various learning environment types, and the impact of learning space, teaching methods and social relationships on students' intrinsic learning motivation was validated using structural equation modelling. Results indicate that scores in the dimensions of learning space, teacher–student relationships, student–student relationships and student intrinsic learning motivation were significantly higher in the active learning space compared to traditional classrooms. Surprisingly, learning space exhibited no significant direct effect on student intrinsic learning motivation but demonstrated a significant indirect effect. The influencing factors model presented in this study sheds light on the type of learning space's impact on student intrinsic learning motivation, offering theoretical guidance and practical data for future research endeavours.
Navigating the hackathon: Exploring participant experience, confidence and anxiety
Authors: Rys Maciej , Górska Anna Maria , Korzynski hab. Pawel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHackathons are characterized by their dynamic and collaborative nature, acting as incubators for innovation in diverse contexts. They are celebrated for nurturing creativity and tackling current challenges while offering distinctive educational opportunities. However, participants' lack of confidence and increased anxiety can diminish the utility of a hackathon's outcomes, adversely affecting both the resolution of the challenges at hand and the educational value of the experience. Drawing on 398 responses from verified hackathon participants, we examined associations among experience, intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, confidence and anxiety. The findings confirm that experience at hackathons has a beneficial effect on individuals' confidence levels and concurrently diminishes anxiety. Additionally, intrinsic motivations show negative associations with anxiety and positive associations with confidence, while extrinsic motivations have unequivocal effects. These insights deepen our comprehension of the hackathon ecosystem, underscoring the criticality of participant's well‐being and motivation. The ramifications of these findings are multifaceted: they not only inform the enhancement of hackathon frameworks, emphasizing a participant‐focused approach, but also facilitate the strategic incorporation of hackathons within educational and organizational contexts.
The impact of urbanization on painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) behaviour
Authors: Blanchett Sebastian , Turcotte Audrey , Blouin‐Demers Gabriel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUrbanization is a significant driver of the global biodiversity crisis. Turtles are particularly impacted by urbanization because of the vulnerability of riparian habitats to habitat loss and road mortality. Behaviour plays a crucial role in determining the success of urban animals. Behavioural responses to urbanization, however, are rarely studied in turtles even though many turtles are at‐risk and sometimes live in urban areas. Therefore, we evaluated behavioural changes in painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) living in wetlands surrounded by a gradient of urbanization. We tested the consistency of painted turtle behaviour in the laboratory and examined the behaviour of painted turtles from 24 wetland sites across an urbanization gradient in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. We assessed: (i) aggression by measuring the number of active defensive behaviours the turtles performed in response to handling, (ii) boldness by measuring the amount of time the turtles took to emerge from their shells and move from their initial locations in a circular arena and (iii) activity by measuring the amount of time the turtles spent moving in the same circular arena. We found that all behaviours were consistent in the laboratory. We also found that as the level of urbanization increased, turtles were more aggressive and bolder. Urbanization affects painted turtle behaviour, but further research is required to understand the mechanisms responsible and the conservation implications.
Declined terrestrial ecosystem resilience
Authors: Yao Ying , Liu Yanxu , Fu Fengyu , Song Jiaxi , Wang Yijia , Han Yu , Wu Tianjing , Fu Bojie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystem resilience is crucial for maintaining the structural and functional stability of ecosystems following disturbances. However, changes in resilience over the past few decades and the risk of future resilience loss under ongoing climate change are unclear. Here, we identified resilience trends using two remotely sensed vegetation indices, analyzed the relative importance of potential driving factors to resilience changes, and finally assessed the risk of future resilience loss based on the output data of eight models from CMIP6. The results revealed that more than 60% of the ecosystems experienced a conversion from an increased trend to a declined trend in resilience. Attribution analysis showed that the most important driving factors of declined resilience varied regionally. The declined trends in resilience were associated with increased precipitation variability in the tropics, decreased vegetation cover in arid region, increased temperature variability in temperate regions, and increased average temperature in cold regions. CMIP6 reveals that terrestrial ecosystems under SPP585 are expected to experience more intense declines in resilience than those under SSP126 and SSP245, particularly in cold regions. These results highlight the risk of continued degradation of ecosystem resilience in the future and the urgency of climate mitigation actions.
Understanding prison living: Mitigating the problem of ‘incompatible’ incarcerated people through the perspectives of correctional officers
Authors: Ricciardelli Rosemary , Johnston Matthew S. , Foley Gillian , Sibley Marcus A. , Mario Brittany 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrisoner incompatibility is a challenge for correctional officers (COs), as incompatible people in prison are more likely to engage in negative interactions, participate in altercations, cause harm to each other and create tension on a unit. Through in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 28 COs employed in Atlantic Canada, we explore how incompatibility among incarcerated people shapes how incarcerated people are managed and perceived by COs. Engaging the prison design literature, we further examine the kinds of spatial designs and protocols that contribute to, or mitigate, incompatibility. We find that COs describe a complex prison hierarchy that, while being laced with challenges beyond the control of COs, could nevertheless be effectively mitigated through architectural transformation or policy reforms. We highlight the need to consider how prison culture informs and is interpolated through spatial configurations of correctional institutions and how these social and spatial dynamics shape interactions between prisoners.
Li+ doped SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ long‐persistent luminescence aluminoborosilicate glass‐ceramics: Preparation and properties
Authors: Pan Xueyi , Song Tuo , Yang Xinyu , Xia Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the SrO‐Al2O3‐B2O3‐SiO2 glass system, a SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ long‐persistent luminescence glass‐ceramic (SAGC) with Li2O was successfully synthesized for the first time using the recrystallization‐melting method. The composition, micromorphology, long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) properties, photoluminescence (PL) properties, and water resistance were measured by X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, brightness meter, fluorescence spectrophotometer, and pH meter, respectively. The method involves the formation of grains below the glass transition temperature, followed by the formation of the glass phase at a higher temperature, and finally the formation of products through cooling. The samples exhibited green PL and LPL emissions and demonstrated excellent color purity, homogeneity, and LPL luminescence. After doping Li2O, the purity and crystallinity of the SrAl2O4 were improved, and scalene hexagonal or monoclinic prismatic SrAl2O4 crystals with high regularity were synthesized in the glass matrix. This research indicates that excellent LPL benefits from the complete crystal structure, abundant crystals, and large crystal size. When the Li2O content reached 5 mol%, the crystal size was ∼30 µm, the PL and LPL properties performed best, and greater water resistance was exhibited. The SAGC in this new glass system has potential in optical storage.