bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ice winter severity in the western Baltic Sea in the period of 1301–1500: comparison with other relevant data
Authors: Schmelzer Natalija , Holfort Jürgen 
Published: April 2011

AbstractA 700‐year time series of ice winter severity index (referred to as Ice Index in this contribution) which additionally includes the period from 1301 to 1500 is now available for the region of the western Baltic. It is compared with air temperature time series, NAO, and other relevant indices. As expected for a regional time series, agreement with larger‐scale northern hemisphere temperature variations is found only on longer time scales. Very good correspondence, even on shorter time scales, is obtained using a geographically close time series of annual mean air temperatures for the Low Countries (The Netherlands and Belgium). Although the data basis for the additionally included 1301–1500 period is quite sparse, there is also very good correspondence in this period. Correlation with the NAO Winter Index is generally negative, but the correlation is not significant for earlier periods. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Temperature dependence of phonon spectra and structural characteristics in multiferroic LuFe2O4 system
Authors: Hou Y. , Yao Y. P. , Dong S. N. , Teng M. L. , Sun X. F. , Li X. G. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe phonon spectra and structural characteristics of the LuFe2O4 system were investigated using X‐ray diffraction as well as Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopic techniques. Two step‐like anomalies of the wavenumbers of the $E_{\rm {g}}^{3}$ peak in the Raman spectra and the $E_{\rm {u}}^{3}$ peak in IR spectra, as well as some weak anomalies of the lattice parameters, were found around the ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric transition temperatures. The substitutions of Lu with Yb and Fe with Mn lead to the corresponding wavenumber shifts in the optical spectra, which can be attributed to the changes in the atomic mass and lattice parameters. Furthermore, the Raman intensity was found to be related to the changes in the local structure and electrical conductivity. These results illustrate that the structural fluctuations could effectively influence the phonon modes, and a possible interplay among the structural, magnetic, and charge‐ordering properties exists in this multiferroic system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectrum of decrespignyite [(Y,REE)4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5·2H2O] and its relation with those of other halogenated carbonates including bastnasite, hydroxybastnasite, parisite and northupite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Palmer Sara J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractRaman spectroscopy complemented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the rare‐earth‐based mineral decrespignyite [(Y,REE)4Cu(CO3)4Cl(OH)5· 2H2O] and the spectrum compared with the Raman spectra of a series of selected natural halogenated carbonates from different origins including bastnasite, parisite and northupite. The Raman spectrum of decrespignyite displays three bands at 1056, 1070 and 1088 cm−1 attributed to the CO32− symmetric stretching vibration. The observation of three symmetric stretching vibrations is very unusual. The position of the CO32− symmetric stretching vibration varies with the mineral composition. The Raman spectrum of decrespignyite shows bands at 1391, 1414, 1489 and 1547 cm−1, whereas the Raman spectra of bastnasite, parisite and northupite show a single band at 1433, 1420 and 1554 cm−1, respectively, assigned to the ν3 (CO3)2− antisymmetric stretching mode. The observation of additional Raman bands for the ν3 modes for some halogenated carbonates is significant in that it shows distortion of the carbonate anion in the mineral structure. Four Raman bands are observed at 791, 815, 837 and 849 cm−1, which are assigned to the (CO3)2−ν2 bending modes. Raman bands are observed for decrespignyite at 694, 718 and 746 cm−1 and are assigned to the (CO3)2−ν4 bending modes. Raman bands are observed for the carbonate ν4 in‐phase bending modes at 722 cm−1 for bastnasite, 736 and 684 cm−1 for parisite and 714 cm−1 for northupite. Multiple bands are observed in the OH stretching region for decrespignyite, bastnasite and parisite, indicating the presence of water and OH units in the mineral structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corrosion resistance of Zn–Ni/Ni and Ni/Zn–Ni compositionally modulated multilayer coating
Authors: Chen J.‐L. , Liu J.‐H. , Li S.‐M. , Yu M. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractZn–Ni/Ni and Ni/Zn–Ni compositionally modulated multilayer (CMM) coatings were prepared by dual‐bath technique. The effects of layers number and sublayers order were studied. Specially, the effect of different sublayers thickness ratios with the same multilayer period (λ) on the corrosion resistance of the CMM coatings was investigated in detail. Results showed that the corrosion resistance of Ni/Zn–Ni (Zn–Ni alloy sublayer as the top layer) CMM coating was better than that of Zn–Ni/Ni (Ni sublayer as the top layer) CMM coating. The 6‐layer CMM coating with the layer thickness ratio of Ni/Zn–Ni = 0.8:1.2 (λ = 2 µm) has the best corrosion resistance.
Study of the correlation between corrosion resistance and semi‐conducting properties of the passive film of AISI 316L stainless steel in physiological solution
Authors: Antunes R. A. , de Oliveira M. C. L. , Costa I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this work the corrosion resistance of AISI 316L biomedical stainless steel was assessed through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in Hanks' solution at 37 °C. Specimens were immersed in the electrolyte during 21 days. Semi‐conducting properties of the passive film naturally formed on the surface of the metallic material during the test were evaluated through the Mott–Schottky approach. The aim was to investigate the correlation between corrosion resistance and semi‐conducting properties in the physiological solution. The corrosion resistance was found to decrease with the immersion time. The density of defects in the passive film increased accordingly as indicated by the Mott–Schottky plots. The passive film presented a semi‐conducting behavior with a duplex character. Above the flat band potential the behavior was typical of an n‐type semiconductor whilst below such value it was typical of a p‐type semiconductor. The results from EIS measurements and Mott–Schottky were in good agreement, suggesting that the corrosion resistance of biomedical stainless steels may be associated with the semi‐conducting properties of the passive films formed during immersion in physiological medium.
Corrosion–erosion wear of N80 carbon steel and 316L stainless steel in saline–quartz slurry
Authors: Li H. , Liu Y. H. , Wang Y. Z. , Ma J. M. , Cai B. P. , Ji R. J. , Zhang Y. Z. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe corrosion–erosion behavior of carbon steel N80 and austenitic stainless 316L are investigated both in water–quartz slurry and saline–quartz slurry. The sample mass losses after each test and the roughness of sample surfaces are measured and a potentiostat is used to gain the polarization curves. The worn surfaces and the corrosion–erosion wear mechanism are analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D ultra‐deep microscopy. Results show that the Ra for N80 is much larger than 316L under the same experimental condition, and the weight losses of the two materials show a similar trend except for tests with higher impact angles. The lowest Rsm for 316L matches along with the highest Rsm for N80 at the 45 min testing time. According to the obtained results of the corrosion–erosion mechanism of the N80 and 316L based on the SEM and 3D ultra‐deep microscopy, the conclusion is drawn that the ploughing and crashing are the major mechanisms for the forming of surface morphologies and the mass removal. Different impact angles and materials affect the corrosion–erosion process to some extent.
Corrosion behaviour in physiological fluids of surface films formed on titanium alloys
Authors: Rosca J. C. Mirza , Vasilescu E. , Drob P. , Vasilescu C. , Drob S. I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe properties of the surface films formed on Ti and its Ti–5Al–4V and Ti–6Al–3.5Fe alloys by chemical (immersion in 10 M NaOH) and thermal treatment (500 °C) were studied in this paper. Their corrosion behaviour in Ringer solution was investigated. After treatments, the sample microhardness was measured. Also, the sample surfaces were observed by an optical microscope before and after immersion in Ringer solutions. The electrochemical behaviour of the surface films obtained by the chemical and thermal treatments was studied using the methods of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and monitoring of open circuit potentials at different immersion periods (up to 60 days) in Ringer solution. Microhardness increased with the increasing loads for the studied materials, showing the existence of a compact protective layer. Microscopic observations exhibited more compact coatings after 60 days of exposure in Ringer solution, due to the formation of an apatite layer. EIS spectra revealed surface films with two layers: an inner, barrier protective layer and an outer, porous apatite layer. The impedance increases in time denoting that the films have grown by apatite nucleation. Also, EIS spectra showed that the complex treatment by chemical + heat method is the most efficiently. For the samples treated by the two processes (chemical + heat) the values of the open circuit potentials are nobler than of the chemical treated samples, denoting better protective, bioactive films.
Fully coupled simulation of fluid injection into geomaterials with focus on nonlinear near‐well behavior
Authors: Preisig Matthias , Prévost Jean H. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYAn important part of our global wealth depends on the extraction of fluids from porous media. More recently, sequestration of carbon dioxide (rmCO2) into deep geological layers as a possible measure to mitigate climate change has increased interest in fluid injection into porous media. Sophisticated numerical models play an important role in managing the uncertainties related to the subsurface, and finite element methods are the most versatile tool allowing the coupling of fluid flow, geomechanics and other physical processes. This paper gives insight into two important aspects of fluid injection/extraction in porous media: the correct modeling of the bore hole through specification of initial stresses, which together with a fully coupled strategy allows simulation of nonlinear poromechanics, and the imposition of appropriate boundary conditions that allow the controlled injection/extraction of a total specified amount of fluid in an anisotropic porous medium, without exceeding a safe operating pressure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cost–benefit analysis of multidimensional fractionation of affinity purification‐mass spectrometry samples
Authors: Dunham Wade H. , Larsen Brett , Tate Stephen , Badillo Beatriz Gonzalez , Goudreault Marilyn , Tehami Yasmina , Kislinger Thomas , Gingras Anne‐Claude 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAffinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (AP‐MS) is gaining widespread use for the identification of protein–protein interactions. It is unclear, however, whether typical AP sample complexity is limiting for the identification of all protein components using standard one‐dimensional LC‐MS/MS. Multidimensional sample separation is useful for reducing sample complexity prior to MS analysis and increases peptide and protein coverage of complex samples. Here, we monitored the effects of upstream protein or peptide separation techniques on typical mammalian AP‐MS samples, generated by FLAG affinity purification of four baits with different biological functions and/or subcellular distribution. As a first separation step, we employed SDS‐PAGE, strong cation exchange LC, or reversed‐phase LC at basic pH. We also analyzed the benefits of using an instrument with a faster scan rate, the new TripleTOF 5600 mass spectrometer. While all multidimensional approaches yielded a clear increase in spectral counts, the increase in unique peptides and additional protein identification was modest and came at the cost of increased instrument and handling time. The use of a high duty‐cycle instrument achieved similar benefits without these drawbacks. An increase in spectral counts is beneficial when data analysis methods relying on spectral counts, including Significance Analysis of INTeractome (SAINT), are used.
Proteomic analysis of papaya (Carica papaya L.) displaying typical sticky disease symptoms
Authors: Rodrigues Silas P. , Ventura José A. , Aguilar Clemente , Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Almeida Igor C. , Fernandes Patricia M. B. , Zingali Russolina B. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractPapaya (Carica papaya L.) hosts the only described laticifer‐infecting virus (Papaya meleira virus, PMeV), which is the causal agent of papaya sticky disease. To understand the systemic effects of PMeV in papaya, we conducted a comprehensive proteomic analysis of leaf samples from healthy and diseased plants grown under field conditions. First, a reference 2‐DE map was established for proteins from healthy samples. A total of 486 reproducible spots were identified, and MALDI‐TOF‐MS/MS data identified 275 proteins accounting for 159 distinct proteins from 231 spots that were annotated. Second, the differential expression of proteins from healthy and diseased leaves was determined through parallel experiments, using 2‐DE and DIGE followed by MALDI‐TOF‐MS/MS and LC‐IonTrap‐MS/MS, respectively. Conventional 2‐DE analysis revealed 75 differentially expressed proteins. Of those, 48 proteins were identified, with 26 being upregulated (U) and 22 downregulated (D). In general, metabolism‐related proteins were downregulated, and stress‐responsive proteins were upregulated. This expression pattern was corroborated by the results of the DIGE analysis, which identified 79 differentially expressed proteins, with 23 identified (17 U and 6 D). Calreticulin and the proteasome subunits 20S and RPT5a were shown to be upregulated during infection by both 2‐DE and DIGE analyses. These data may help shed light on plant responses against stresses and viral infections.
Melting curve of the cI16 sodium at high pressure from ab initio calculations
Authors: Zhou Dawei , Bao Gang , Jin Xilian , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe melting curve of cI16 sodium at high pressure is investigated extensively by means of Lindemann melting criterion and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Different from previous theoretical results, our results show that the melting point of cI16 sodium decreases with increasing pressure. It is found that the elastic constant softening plays an important role and results in a negative‐slope Lindemann melting curve of cI16 sodium. The melting mechanism is different from that of f.c.c. sodium reported in previous work, that the Peierls‐like liquid transition is the origin of negative‐slope melting curve. Electronic structure analysis shows that more electrons in liquid sodium localize in the voids of lattice just like in its solid state, the exclusionary effect of atomic cores on valence electrons in the liquid still takes effect.
Thermoplastic starch modified with hydrophobic polyurethane microparticles
Authors: Wu Qiangxian , Zhang Pingping , Zhang Yu , Fan Bingbing , Zhu Mei , Wu Zhengshun 
Published: April 2011

AbstractModified thermoplastic starches (TPS) were successfully prepared from corn starch (CS) and hydrophobic polyurethane prepolymers (PUPs) by solid‐state reactions under intensive mixing conditions. The structure and properties were investigated using FTIR, SEM, wide‐angle XRD, tensile testing machine, Brookfield viscometer, and contact angle (CA) meter. The results showed that 98.6 ± 0.4% of PUP was cross‐linked to starch, suggesting a high efficiency of the solid‐state reaction. Compared with unmodified starch, the hydrophobic property of the modified TPS was improved, resulting in an increase of the CAs and a decrease of the Brookfield viscosity. Morphology analysis indicated that the modified starch exhibited increased compatibility between the PUP particle and nature starch, leading to the increased elongation at break.
Effects of water requirement and substitution level on wheat–rice noodles with hydrocolloids
Authors: Suwannaporn Prisana , Wiwattanawanich Kamonphan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSubstitution of wheat flour with rice flour in noodles can increase rice flour utilization, reduce cost, and lower the allergenicity of wheat gluten. High‐AM rice flour (32.5%) was used to dilute high‐protein wheat flour (14.8%) on account of its excellent gel‐forming properties. Target noodles should obtain qualities comparable to noodles made from all‐purpose wheat flour (10.4% protein). RSM technique was applied for optimization of substitution level, water requirement and hydrocolloid level. The coefficient of determination (R2) showed that only substitution level and water requirement could predict textural characteristics and lightness (L*) of cooked noodles. Increased amounts of rice flour resulted in a decrease in all cooked noodle textural qualities but an increase inL*. Water absorption of rice flour was significantly higher than that of wheat flour; therefore, increased water content of substituted wheat noodles was necessary. However, water requirement should correspond well with rice substitution level. CMC was observed to be more appropriate for use in wheat–rice noodles. Wheat–rice noodles were not significantly different from wheat noodles at 30–47% substitution, water requirement 43.5–59%, and 1.2–1.5% CMC. The addition of 1.5% Na2CO3resulted in a significant improvement in cooked wheat–rice noodle texture (p ≤ 0.05).
Crystal Structure, Synthesis, and Properties of tri‐Calcium di‐Citrate tetra‐Hydrate [Ca3(C6H5O7)2(H2O)2]·2H2O
Authors: Herdtweck Eberhardt , Kornprobst Tobias , Sieber Roland , Straver Leo , Plank Johann 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFrom hydrothermal synthesis needle‐shaped crystals of [Ca3(C6H5O7)2(H2O)2]·2H2O were obtained. The crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray experiments and confirmed by powder data (P$\bar{1}$ (no. 2) a = 5.9466(4), b = 10.2247(8), c = 16.6496(13) Å, α = 72.213(7)°, β = 79.718(7)°, γ = 89.791(6)°, V = 947.06(13) Å3, Z = 2, R1 = 0.0426, wR2 = 0.1037). The structure was obtained from pseudo merohedrically polysynthetic twinned crystals using a combined data collection approach and refinement processes. The observed three‐dimensional network is dominated by eightfold coordinated Ca2+ cations linked by citrate anions and hydrogen bonds between two non‐coordinating crystal water molecules and two coordinating water molecules.
Case study: training a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) to use a nebulizer to aid the treatment of airsacculitis
Authors: Gresswell Claire , Goodman Gidona 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBacterial airsacculitis has been reported in a variety of nonhuman primates, and is widely treated using a combination of surgery and oral antibiotics. This case study details an alternative method of administering antibiotics (via the use of a nebulizer) when the chimpanzee subject developed resistance to all available oral preparations. Training the chimpanzee to use the nebulizer was performed using positive reinforcement techniques (PRT). It took a total of 89 sessions (<7 hr 25 min) to train the chimpanzee to use the nebulizer. The airsacculitis infection was treated using colistin in the nebulizer twice a day for 9 days. Out of 18 potential treatment sessions, full doses were administered on 13 occasions. The final dose of colistin was given via slow brachial intravenous injection under general anesthesia. The infection was successfully treated with colistin. Although there was a training time investment involved, it was felt to be outweighed by the success of the treatment. Also in the likelihood of the infection re‐occurring at a later date, the now learnt behavior of using a nebulizer means that future treatment should now be considerably quicker. This is another example of how PRT is a useful tool in the successful welfare and management of captive animals. Zoo Biol 30:570–578, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extreme Values of Maternal Serum Analytes in Second Trimester Screening: Looking Beyond Trisomy and NTD's
Authors: McPherson Elizabeth , Thomas Ginger D. , Manlick Christopher , Zaleski Christina A. , Reynolds Kara K. , Rasmussen Kristen , Giampietro Philip F. , Wiley Carmen , Mascola Maria 
Published: April 2011

AbstractSecond trimester maternal serum screening can identify high risk pregnancies and fetuses at risk for birth defects (in addition to those in the standard interpretation). The purpose of this study was to quantify such risks to improve counseling. We compared outcomes of 692 pregnancies that had abnormal levels of at least one analyte with a cohort of 713 pregnancies with normal analytes. Increased risks include: demise with high AFP and low uE3; intrauterine growth restriction with high AFP, high and low hCG, and low uE3; placental abnormalities with high AFP; fetal stress with high AFP and high hCG. Birth defects are increased with high AFP, high hCG, and low hCG. When two or more analytes are abnormal, 46% have a poor outcome. Abnormal levels of maternal serum analytes provide information in addition to the risks for neural tube defects, Down syndrome, and trisomy 18. This information is important for counseling and pregnancy management.
Beyond Russia, Becoming Local: Trajectories of Adaption to the Fall of the Soviet Union among Ethnic Russians in the Former Soviet Republics
Authors: Kolstø Pål 
Published: April 2011

When the Soviet Union began to unravel in the late 1980s, many observers expected that the 25 million ethnic Russians who lived in the non-Russian republics represented an important group of people who could be mobilized by ‘empire-savers’ to stem this process. Russians who would end up as minorities in new nationalizing states, had little if anything to gain from state disintegration. They were also highly resourceful in terms of education and occupational positions. The sinister role which ethnic Serbs played in Slobodan Milosevic's schemes to salvage the Yugoslav state boded ill, as did the bloody war waged by France in Algeria in protection of the pied-noirs in the 1950s. As it turned out, the Russians in the non-Russian republics for the most part remained remarkably passive, and this contributed in no small degree to the tranquil transition to a new political map in Eurasia. This article is an attempt to explain this counterintuitive outcome. I revisit a typology of identity trajectories for the Russian diaspora which I developed in the mid-1990s and conclude that its basic insights remain valid. At that time I had argued that Russians outside the RSFSR had already for some time been going through a process of dissociation from the Russian core group. They were adopting some cultural traits from the local population without undergoing any kind of assimilation. While there were important regional varieties as well as generational differences within each Russophone community, as a general rule it could be said that they had developed an identity of their own, or more precisely: one local identity for each republic. In this way Russian ethnic solidarity was weakened and the mobilizational potential of the diaspora issue for political purposes was diminished. Empirical research carried out by myself and others over the last 15 years, including large-scale opinion polls, seem to confirm these assumptions. After the break-up of the unitary state the distance between the identity trajectories of the various Russian-speaking post-Soviet communities have gradually grown wider, for a number of reasons. Those Russians who were least willing or able to adapt to the new political circumstances have in many cases returned to Russia, making it even more important for those who remain to learn the local language and find their cultural-political niche in their country of residence as a national minority.