bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective sleep problems in patients with early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Stefansdottir S. , Gjerstad M. D. , Tysnes O. B. , Larsen J. P. 
Published: June 2012

Background and objectiveSleep problems are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and increasingly so with disease progression. The frequency of these problems and the influence of dopaminergic treatment on sleep in early stages of PD remain unclear. We have therefore in this study examined the subjective experience of sleep problems in drug‐naïve patients with early PD and how these problems developed after 1 year on dopaminergic treatment using the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS).MethodsIn all, 138 drug‐naïve patients with early PD derived from a population‐based incident cohort and 138 age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects were thoroughly assessed for Parkinsonism, cognition, depressive symptoms and sleep by structured interviews and clinical examination at the time of diagnosis and 1 year later on medication. Sleep problems were assessed using the PDSS.ResultsThe total PDSS score for patients with PD was lower compared with controls, 119 vs. 127 (P < 0.05) at baseline and 121 vs. 128 (P < 0.005) after 1 year on drugs. Analyses of PDSS subdomains showed more nocturnal motor off symptoms both at baseline and after 1 year (P < 0.005) and increased daytime somnolence in patients compared with control subjects (P < 0.005 at baseline and P < 0.05 after 1 year). Only minor changes in sleep scores were seen after the introduction of dopaminergic treatment.ConclusionPatients with early PD report only modestly increased subjective sleep problems at the time of diagnosis compared with control subjects and dopaminergic treatment during the first year in general only slightly changed the experienced sleep problems.
Prevalence and extent of right‐to‐left shunt in migraine: a survey of 217 Chinese patients
Authors: Yang Y. , Guo Z.‐N. , Wu J. , Jin H. , Wang X. , Xu J. , Feng J. , Xing Y. 
Published: June 2012

BackgroundRecently, contrast‐enhanced transcranial Doppler (cTCD) studies have shown that right‐to‐left shunt (RLS) may be a risk factor for migraine in Westerners; however, limited data in the literature describes the prevalence of RLS in Chinese patients with migraine.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of RLS in patients with migraine in China and to evaluate the relationship between the extent of RLS and migraine.MethodsA total of 217 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of migraine and 100 volunteers were recruited. cTCD was used to assess the prevalence and the extent of RLS in all subjects.ResultsIn the migraine group, the rate of positive RLS was 44.2% (96/217), with 23.5% (51/217) of these being large. In the healthy group, 28.0% (28/100) were positive for RLS overall, and 5.0% (5/100) were large (P = 0.006; P < 0.001). In patients having migraines with aura (MwA), 66.1% (39/59) were positive for RLS overall, and 37.3% (22/59) were large, which was significantly higher when compared with the healthy group (P < 0.001; P < 0.001); in patients having migraines without aura (MwoA), 36.1% (57/158) were positive for RLS overall, and 18.4% (29/158) were large, which was against significantly higher (P < 0.001; P = 0.003). In the MwoA group, the large RLS rate was also higher than in the healthy group (P = 0.002).ConclusionsA close correlation has been documented between RLS and migraine, especially MwA, but these relationships exist only when the shunts were large.
Early concern and disregard for others as predictors of antisocial behavior
Authors: Rhee Soo Hyun , Friedman Naomi P. , Boeldt Debra L. , Corley Robin P. , Hewitt John. K. , Knafo Ariel , Lahey Benjamin B. , Robinson JoAnn , Van Hulle Carol A. , Waldman Irwin D. , Young Susan E. , Zahn‐Waxler Carolyn 
Published: July 2012

Background: Prediction of antisocial behavior is important, given its adverse impact on both the individuals engaging in antisocial behavior and society. Additional research identifying early predictors of future antisocial behavior, or antisocial propensity, is needed. The present study tested the hypothesis that both concern for others and active disregard for others in distress in toddlers and young children predict antisocial behavior during middle childhood and adolescence.Methods: A representative sample of same‐sex twins (N = 956) recruited in Colorado was examined. Mother‐rated and researcher‐observed concern and disregard for others assessed at age 14–36 months were examined as predictors of parent‐ (age 4–12), teacher‐ (age 7–12), and self‐reported (age 17) antisocial behavior.Results: Observed disregard for others predicted antisocial behavior assessed by three different informants (parents, teachers, and self), including antisocial behavior assessed 14 years later. It also predicted a higher order antisocial behavior factor (β = .58,p < .01) after controlling for observed concern for others. Mother‐rated disregard for others predicted parent‐reported antisocial behavior. Contrary to predictions, neither mother‐rated nor observed concern for others inversely predicted antisocial behavior. Results of twin analyses suggested that the covariation between observed disregard for others and antisocial behavior was due to shared environmental influences.Conclusions: Disregard for others in toddlerhood/early childhood is a strong predictor of antisocial behavior in middle childhood and adolescence. The results suggest the potential need for early assessment of disregard for others and the development of potential interventions.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Critically Ill Patients With 2009 Influenza A (H1N1)‐Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Preliminary Experience From a Single Center
Authors: Hou Xiaotong , Guo Limin , Zhan Qingyuan , Jia Xiaojun , Mi Yuhong , Li Baoshun , Sun Bin , Hao Xing , Li Hui 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFrom early May 2009, the novel influenza A (H1N1) pandemic affected mainland China. Of those infected, a small proportion of patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) so rapidly and severely that conventional ventilation treatment was ineffective. As an alternative treatment, the effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was evaluated. From November 2009 to January 2010, all patients suffering from influenza A (H1N1)‐associated ARDS referred to Beijing Anzhen Hospital for treatment with ECMO were enrolled. We describe the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of these patients at 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up. Nine patients (four females; mean age, 31.2 [21–59] years) from four centers were enrolled. All females had a history of recent pregnancy or had recently given birth. Before ECMO, patients had severe respiratory failure despite advanced mechanical ventilatory support with a mean partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen of 52.9 ± 5.1 (45.0–63.8) mm Hg, positive end‐expiratory pressure of 17.2 ± 4.2 cmH2O, and a Murray Lung Score of 3.6 (3.25–3.75). All nine patients were treated with veno–venous ECMO via percutaneous access. The mean duration of ECMO support was 436.6 ± 652.1 h (67.0–2160.0). At the end of 1‐year follow‐up, five patients (55.7%) were weaned from ECMO. Five patients (55.7%) survived to hospital discharge. Four patients (44.4%) died while undergoing ECMO. The mean length of intensive care unit and hospital stay was 4–204 days (median, 32) and 4–234 days (median, 38), respectively. There was no significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors in the screened parameters. Use of ECMO for critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1)‐related ARDS is feasible and effective. However, this treatment is technically demanding. For success, careful selection of patients is crucial.
Tooth loss and risk of hip fracture: a prospective study of male Japanese dentists
Authors: Wakai Kenji , Naito Mariko , Naito Toru , Kojima Masaaki , Nakagaki Haruo , Umemura Osami , Yokota Makoto , Hanada Nobuhiro , Kawamura Takashi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether the number of teeth lost can predict the risk of subsequent hip fracture.MethodsWe followed up 9992 male Japanese dentists aged 50 years or more (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 61.1 ± 9.6 years) for incidence of hip fracture. From 2001 through 2006, they completed a baseline questionnaire on lifestyle and health factors including the number of teeth lost (excluding third molars). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated by fitting proportional hazard models.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up period of 6.0 years, 20 new cases of hip fracture occurred. Participants who had lost 15 or more teeth at baseline were at a significantly increased risk of hip fracture: the multivariate‐adjusted IRRs were 4.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–14.2) for loss of 15–27 teeth and 4.5 (1.1–18.0) for edentulousness relative to loss of 0–14 teeth (trend P, 0.028). Overall, the risk of hip fracture was weakly associated with the number of teeth lost: the IRR per tooth was 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01–1.12).ConclusionsTooth loss was slightly associated with a higher risk of subsequent hip fracture. The number of teeth lost might be informative in predicting this risk.
Cooling rate affects rhesus monkey sperm survival
Authors: Sumigama Shiho , Meyers Stuart 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  The rate at which lethal intracellular ice formation occurs during cryopreservation is highly dependent on several variables. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal rate at which rhesus sperm can be cooled.Methods  Experiments were performed using three rates of cooling. Sperm motility was evaluated by computer‐assisted semen analysis, and post‐thaw viability was determined using propidium iodide labeling and flow cytometry. Semen was frozen at three cooling rates: (i) fast, (ii) slow, and (iii) standard. Straws were thawed for 30 s at 37°C for analysis of motility and viability.Results  Post‐thaw motility and viability were comparable between freezing curves. Sperm cryopreserved using the slow freeze curve exhibited lowest motility and viability.Conclusions  This study indicates that macaque sperm survive cooling optimally when cooling rates range from −17 to −34°C/minute. Conversely, slow cooling was detrimental and resulted in poor quality sperm.
Prenatal stress programs lipid metabolism enhancing cardiovascular risk in the female F1, F2, and F3 generation in the primate model common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Buchwald Ulrike , Teupser Daniel , Kuehnel Friederike , Grohmann Jana , Schmieder Nancy , Beindorff Nicola , Schlumbohm Christina , Fuhrmann Herbert , Einspanier Almuth 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackground  Many human diseases are modulated by intrauterine environment, which is called prenatal programming. This study investigated effects of prenatal glucocorticoids on the lipid metabolism of three filial generations of common marmosets.Methods  Pregnant primates were treated with dexamethasone during pregnancy. Body weight and blood lipid parameters of adult female offspring (F1: n = 5, F2: n = 6, F3: n = 3) were compared with age‐related female controls (n = 12).Results  F1, F2, and F3 offspring showed significantly lower percentage of plasma n3 fatty acids than controls. F2 and F3 presented higher cholesterol levels, with significantly more LDL cholesterol, significantly less HDL triglycerides and an enhanced cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio. Body weight was not significantly affected.Conclusions  Prenatal dexamethasone led to higher amounts of cardiovascular risk factors and less protective parameters in female F1–F3 offspring. The intergenerational consequences suggest prenatal programming through epigenetic effects.
Syndecan‐1 (CD 138) surface expression marks cell type and differentiation in ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor, and dentigerous cyst
Authors: Al‐Otaibi Ohoud , Khounganian Rita , Anil Sukumaran , Rajendran Ravindranath 
Published: July 2012

J Oral Pathol Med (2013)42: 186–193Background:  The altered expression of syndecan‐1 (SD‐1), a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in ameloblastomas and cysts of odontogenic origin suggests that this molecule could have prognostic value in assessing the clinical outcome of those lesions. The purpose of this study was to analyze SD‐1 expression profile immunohistochemically in archival, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of ameloblastomas and in common odontogenic cysts arising from the same locale.Methods:  SD‐1 expression was investigated in 32 ameloblastomas, 26 keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOT), and 21 dentigerous cysts from the archives of the histopathology laboratory which were routinely processed. The cases were reviewed and assessed according to the established criteria. Sections were immunostained with monoclonal antibody against SD‐1 (CD138). Sections of normal oral mucosa, site matched, were stained in parallel as positive controls. The plasma cells in sections served as internal positive controls.Results:  SD‐1 expression was observed in the epithelial and stromal elements of the sections, and the expression was significantly associated with the lesion’s extension and involvement of adjacent structures (P = 0.025). Stellate‐reticulum cells showed higher expression than the ameloblasts, which was at a significant level (P < 0.0001). Highly significant difference was reported among the three groups of lesion for the epithelial staining (P < 0.0001). The mean rank scores (Kruskal–Wallis test) of ameloblastomas were significantly lower than those of KCOT and dentigerous cysts. Non‐significant comparison was made between KCOT and dentigerous cyst groups.Conclusions:  The present study revealed SD‐1 immunoreactivity in the stromal cells of ameloblastoma, KCOT, and dentigerous cysts rather uniformly. This reported SD‐1 expression by the tumor stroma is considered to be associated with poor prognosis of the lesions.
Progesterone Enhances Immunoregulatory Activity of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via PGE2 and IL‐6
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyin , Liu Liu , Liu Dan , Fan Hongye , Wang Yaping , Hu Yali , Hou Yayi 
Published: July 2012

ProblemProgesterone (P4) plays a central role in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. It also has profound effects on the regulation of immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are thought to have the ability to modulate immunocyte activation, are present in human endometrium and deciduas and highly express progesterone receptor (PR). Especially, during pregnancy, both P4 and MSCs are present and regulatively changed at the fetal–maternal interface, but the effect of P4 on the MSCs remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of P4 on the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs and the underlying mechanisms.Method of studyMesenchymal stem cells were obtained from human umbilical cords. The effects of P4 on the cell morphology, phenotype, proliferation, apoptosis, and expression levels of cytokine and protein were examined.ResultsProgesterone did not affect the phenotype, morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis of MSCs, but promoted the production of PGE2 and IL‐6 in MSCs. Furthermore, the up‐regulation of PGE2 and IL‐6 was related to the activation of p38 and NF‐κB.ConclusionsProgesterone enhances immunomodulatory function of MSCs through up‐regulation of PGE2 and IL‐6. The data suggest that P4‐regulated MSCs may play a crucial role in modulating the local immune balance of fetal–maternal interface.
The effect of sugar‐free chewing gum on plaque and clinical parameters of gingival inflammation: a systematic review
Authors: Keukenmeester RS , Slot DE , Putt MS , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to systematically review the current literature on the clinical effects of sugar‐free chewing gum on plaque indices and parameters of gingival inflammation.Material and methodsThe MEDLINE‐PubMed, Cochrane‐CENTRAL and EMBASE databases were searched up to 20 April 2012 to identify any appropriate studies. Plaque indices and parameters of gingival inflammation were selected as outcome variables.ResultsAn independent screening of the 594 unique titles and abstracts identified six non‐brushing and four brushing studies that met the eligibility criteria. In the non‐brushing studies, the use of chewing gum did not significantly affect the parameters of interest. In the descriptive analysis of the brushing studies, four of five comparisons showed a statistically significant effect in favour of the sugar‐free chewing gum with respect to plaque scores. The meta‐analysis for the Quigley & Hein (J Am Dent Assoc 1962; 65: 26) plaque index scores in the brushing studies also showed a significant difference (DiffM −0.24, 95% CI [−0.41; −0.08]). For bleeding tendency, the descriptive analysis showed that one of the two comparisons identified a significant difference in favour of chewing gum. The meta‐analysis, however, did not substantiate this difference.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this systematic review, it may be concluded that the use of sugar‐free chewing gum as an adjunct to toothbrushing provides a small but significant reduction in plaque scores. Chewing sugar‐free gum showed no significant effect on gingivitis scores. In the absence of brushing, no effect on plaque and gingivitis scores could be established.
Impact of oral health education on oral hygiene knowledge, practices, plaque control and gingival health of 13‐ to 15‐year‐old school children in Bangalore city
Authors: D'Cruz AM , Aradhya S 
Published: June 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo assess effectiveness of an oral health education (OHE) programme on oral hygiene knowledge, practices, plaque control and gingival health of 13‐ to 15‐year‐old school children in Bangalore city.MethodsThree schools were randomly selected and assigned to experimental I, experimental II and control groups. At baseline, a 20‐item questionnaire was used to assess the oral hygiene knowledge and practices. Clinical examinations (Turesky–Gilmore–Glickman modification of Quigley Hein plaque index; Loe–Silness gingival index) were performed by 2 examiners. OHE was provided by the investigator for experimental groups I (lecture using a PowerPoint presentation) and II (lecture using a PowerPoint presentation with toothbrushing demonstration). Control group did not receive any intervention. Reinforcement was provided for experimental groups at 3 and 6 months. At end of 9 months, questionnaire was administered and clinical examinations were performed. Data were analysed using chi‐square, anova and post hoc Tukey's tests.ResultsNine months post‐intervention, there was significant improvement in oral hygiene knowledge and practices in experimental groups. There were significant reductions in mean plaque index and gingival index scores in the experimental groups. The control group did not show any significant improvement.ConclusionActive involvement of school children with reinforcement of OHE can improve oral hygiene knowledge, practices and gingival health and decrease plaque levels.
Strategic Management of an Invasive Ant‐scale Mutualism Enables Recovery of a Threatened Tropical Tree Species
Authors: Gaigher Rene , Samways Michael J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMutualisms between invasive ants and honeydew‐producing insects can have widespread negative effects on natural ecosystems. This is becoming an increasingly serious problem worldwide, causing certain ecosystems to change radically. Management of these abundant and influential mutualistic species is essential if the host ecosystem is to recover to its former non‐invaded status. This negative effect is particularly prevalent on some tropical islands, including Cousine Island, Seychelles. On this island, the invasive ant
Pheidole megacephala has caused serious indirect damage to the threatened native
Pisonia grandis trees via a mutualism with an invasive scale insect,
Pulvinaria urbicola. We aimed to suppress the ant, thereby decoupling the mutualism and enabling recovery of the
Pisonia trees. We treated all areas where ant pressure was high with a selective formicidal bait, which was deployed in custom‐made bait stations designed to avoid risk of treatment to endemic fauna. In the treated area, ant foraging activity was reduced by 93 percent and was followed by a 100 percent reduction in scale insect density. Abundance of endemic herbivorous insects and herbivorous activity increased significantly, however, after the decline in mutualistic species densities. Despite the native herbivore increase, there was considerable overall improvement in
Pisonia shoot condition and an observed increase in foliage density. Our results demonstrate the benefit of strategic management of highly mutualistic alien species to the native
Pisonia trees. It also supports the idea that area‐wide suppression is a feasible alternative to eradication for achieving positive conservation management at the level of the forest ecosystem.
QUALITY OF RAW CHICKEN BREAST STORED AT 5C AND PACKAGED UNDER DIFFERENT MODIFIED ATMOSPHERES
Authors: CORTEZ‐VEGA W.R. , PIZATO S. , PRENTICE C. 
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to determine the quality of raw chicken breast store at 5C and packaged under different modified atmospheres. The samples of raw chicken breast (20 samples per treatment) were individually wrapped and packed in high‐density plastic bags. Before sealing, the air was removed automatically by an air removal system (vacuum) and then injected into different mixtures of purified natural gas. Physicochemical analysis of texture, pH, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile bases (TVB), color and microbiological analyses (mesophilic aerobic, Staphylococcus, psychrotrophic, Salmonella and Escherichia coli) were carried out. The cutting strengths and TBA of the control sample after 9 days of storage were 0.94 kgf and 0.601, respectively, there was lower browning, variation in pH, TBA and nitrogen TVB, and a lower growth of psychrotrophic, mesophilic and Staphylococcus was shown; the absence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli is noted. It can be concluded that the best treatment is C after 9 days of storage obtaining a longer shelf life of the chicken breast meat.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe deterioration of foods caused by internal and external factors are responsible for considerable economic loss. Chicken breast meat is easily perishable by microorganisms depending on conditions of supply and production chain. An alternative to try to minimize the losses and increase the shelf life of this product is the use of modified atmospheres. The use of modified atmospheres in this study was effective to retard spoilage and reduce the volatile compounds in chicken breast meat, thus increasing food security without bringing risk to public health.