bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graves’ Ophthalmopathy as an Indication Increased the Risk of Hypoparathyroidism After Bilateral Thyroidectomy
Authors: Wong Kai‐Pun , Lang Brian Hung‐Hin 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundStudies have evaluated the effect of thyroidectomy on the course of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) but it is unclear how GO as an indication might affect surgical outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the impact of this indication on surgical outcomes in Graves’ disease (GD).MethodsFrom 1995 to 2008, 329 patients with GD underwent thyroidectomy. Patients were stratified into two groups, namely, those with GO as indication (GO) and those with non‐GO indication (non‐GO). Outcomes were compared between the groups and outcomes with significance were further analyzed by multivariate analyses to determine independent factors.ResultsThe GO group was significantly older (P < 0.001), had more males (P < 0.001), and fewer relapses (P < 0.001) than the non‐GO group. It also had a higher proportion of total/near‐total thyroidectomy (P < 0.001), despite a shorter operating time (P = 0.024) and less blood loss (P = 0.010). When only total/near‐total thyroidectomy was considered, the GO group had significantly more permanent hypoparathyroidism than the non‐GO group (9.2 vs. 1.6%, P = 0.038), but the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism was similar in the two groups when only those with parathyroid autotransplantation were considered. Other complications were similar between the two groups. By multivariate analysis, GO as indication was an independent risk factor for temporary (OR 1.97, P = 0.033) and permanent hypoparathyroidism (OR 4.76, P = 0.007).ConclusionGO as a surgical indication (i.e., unstable or active GO requiring ophthalmic treatment or follow‐up) was associated with increased risk of temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism after bilateral thyroidectomy. Routine parathyroid autotransplantation may reduce the risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism in this select patient group.
Are Genetic Counselors and GLBT Patients “on the Same Page”? an Investigation of Attitudes, Practices, and Genetic Counseling Experiences
Authors: Glessner Heather Dean , VandenLangenberg Erin , Veach Patricia McCarthy , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractGay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) individuals comprise a growing patient population in genetic counseling, yet literature on working with this population is scarce. This study sought to investigate GLBT patient experiences in genetic counseling and genetic counselor attitudes and practices when counseling GLBT patients. Twenty‐nine GLB individuals who had previously participated in genetic counseling, and 213 genetic counselors completed online surveys. No individuals identifying as transgender participated. The patient survey assessed disclosure of orientation, discrimination in genetic counseling, and quality of services received. The counselor survey assessed comfort with and attitudes about counseling GLBT patients, disclosure of counselor orientation, and whether they counsel differently with this population. Every patient denied experiencing discrimination during their session, but 17% reported their genetic counselor assumed they were heterosexual, and 45% indicated intake forms were not GLBT‐inclusive. A majority of counselors (91%) reported having counseled GLBT patients and indicated they were comfortable doing so (86%), and 72% indicated no differences in their counseling approaches with GLBT patients. Few counselors (17%) received training in GLBT issues, and most (61%) desired such education. Additional findings and practice and research recommendations are presented.
Antioxidant Phenolics of Millet Control Lipid Peroxidation in Human LDL Cholesterol and Food Systems
Authors: Chandrasekara Anoma , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPhenolic extracts from seven millet varieties, namely kodo, finger (Ravi), finger (local), proso, foxtail, little and pearl were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in in‐vitro copper‐mediated human LDL cholesterol oxidation and several food model systems, namely cooked comminuted pork, stripped corn oil, and linoleic acid emulsion. The total phenolic content (TPC) and free radical scavenging activities were measured. The TPC ranged from 146 to 1156 μmol ferulic acid equiv (FAE)/g crude extract and the corresponding values based on defatted weight of grain ranged from 8.6 to 32.4 μmol FAE/g. At a final concentration of 0.05 mg/mL, millet extracts inhibited LDL cholesterol oxidation by 1–41%. All seven varieties exhibited effective inhibition of lipid oxidation in food systems used in this study and kodo millet exhibited superior inhibition of lipid peroxidation, similar to butylated hydroxyanisole at 200 ppm. Thus, millets may serve as a natural source of antioxidants in food applications and as a nutraceutical and functional food ingredient in health promotion and disease risk reduction.
Dorsal hippocampal N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate glutamatergic and δ‐opioidergic systems modulate anxiety behaviors in rats in a noninteractive manner
Authors: Solati Jalal 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA)‐type glutamate receptor agonist, NMDA, on anxiety‐like behavior induced by δ‐opioid receptor agents in rats, using the elevated plus maze instrument. The dorsal hippocampus (CA1) is known to play an important role in anxiety formation and modulation. Bilateral administration of different doses of δ‐opioid receptor agonist, [d‐pen2,5] enkephalin acetate hydrate (1 μg/rat, 2 μg/rat, 5 μg/rat, and 10 μg/rat; 1 μL/rat; 0.5 μL/rat in each side), into CA1 area induced an anxiolytic‐like effect, demonstrated by substantial increases in the percent of open arm time (OAT%) and percent of open arm entries (OAE%). Intra‐CA1 injection of different doses of δ‐opioid receptor antagonist, naltrindole hydrochloride (0.25 μg/rat, 0.5 μg/rat, 1 μg/rat, and 2 μg/rat), produced significant anxiogenic‐like behavior. Furthermore, intra‐CA1 administration of NMDA glutamate receptor agonist, NMDA (0.125 μg/rat, 0.25 μg/rat, 0.5 μg/rat, and 0.75 μg/rat), increased the OAT% and OAE%, indicating anxiolytic‐like behavior. However, administration of different doses of NMDA glutamatergic antagonist, MK801 (0.125 μg/rat, 0.25 μg/rat, 0.5 μg/rat, and 1 μg/rat), showed no significant effect on the OAT% but decreased the OAE% significantly. The ineffective dose of NMDA (0.125 μg/rat), when coadministered with enkephalin (1 μg/rat, 2 μg/rat, 5 μg/rat, and 10 μg/rat), did not decrease the anxiety behavior significantly. An effective dose of NMDA (0.5 μg/rat), in combination with different doses of naltrindole hydrochloride (0.25 μg/rat, 0.5 μg/rat, 1 μg/rat, and 2 μg/rat), demonstrated no significant interaction with the OAT%, OAE%, and locomotor activity. These results suggest that CA1 δ‐opioid and NMDA glutamatergic systems modulate anxiety behaviors in a noninteractive manner.
Low‐power holmium:YAG laser urethrotomy for urethral stricture disease: Comparison of outcomes with the cold‐knife technique
Authors: Atak Mustafa , Tokgöz Hüsnü , Akduman Bülent , Erol Bülent , Dönmez İbrahim , Hancı Volkan , Türksoy Özlem , Mungan Necmettin Aydın 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this prospective randomized clinical trial, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endourethrotomy with holmium:yttrium‐aluminium‐garnet (HO:YAG) laser and compare the outcomes with the conventional cold‐knife urethrotomy. Fifty‐one male patients with single, iatrogenic, annular strictures of the urethra were randomly divided into two groups; 21 patients who underwent direct‐vision endoscopic urethrotomy with Ho:YAG laser (15 W; 1,200–1,400 mJ; 8–12 Hz) at 12 o'clock position (laser group) and 30 patients who underwent direct‐vision endoscopic urethrotomy with cold‐knife incision at 12 o'clock position (cold‐knife group). The results obtained were analyzed and compared at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months postoperatively by clinical evaluation, uroflowmetry, and retrograde urethrographies. Variables were compared among groups using Fisher's exact and Mann Whitney U tests. There were no differences between two groups in terms of patient age, preoperative Qmax value, stricture location, and length. Operative time was shorter in laser group (16.4 ± 8.04 minutes) when compared with cold‐knife group (23.8 ± 5.47 minutes) (p < 0.001). Recurrence‐free rate at 3 months was similar between two groups (p = 0.122). However, recurrence‐free rates at 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months were significantly higher in laser group when compared with cold‐knife group (p values were 0.045, 0.027, and 0.04, respectively). No intra‐ or postoperative complications were encountered. Use of Ho:YAG laser in the management of urethral stricture disease is a safe and effective method. In addition, it provides shorter operative time and lower recurrence rate when compared with the conventional technique.
Concurrent use of pigtail and loop snare catheters for percutaneous retrieval of dislodged central venous port catheter
Authors: Chuang Ming‐Tsung , Wu Ding‐Kwo , Chang Cheng‐Ang , Shih Ming‐Chen Paul , Ou‐Yang Fu , Chuang Chien‐Han , Tsai Yi‐Fan , Hsu Jui‐Sheng 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to report our experience of percutaneous retrieval of dislodged port catheters with concurrent use of pigtail and loop snare catheters. During a 5‐year period at our institute (June 2005 to July 2010), a total of 23 dislodged port catheters were retrieved. The interval between port catheter implantation and dislodged catheter retrieval ranged from 43 days to 1,414 days (mean 586.7 days). The time of delayed retrieval ranged from 1 day to 45 days (mean 4.6 days). All dislodged catheters were retrieved with the concurrent use of pigtail and loop snare catheters via femoral venous route. The prevalence of port catheter dislodgement at our institute was 3.4%. All dislodged port catheters were removed successfully with pigtail and loop snare catheters together. No procedure‐related complications were encountered, except for transient arrhythmia in two patients, which required no medication. In conclusion, the concurrent use of pigtail and loop snare catheters is a feasible and easy way for percutaneous retrieval of a dislodged central venous port catheter.
Investigating the Role of Feedback and Motivation in Clinical Reaction Time Assessment
Authors: Eckner James T. , Chandran SriKrishna , Richardson James K. 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of performance feedback and motivation during 2 tests of simple visuomotor reaction time (RT).DesignCross‐sectional, observational study.SettingOutpatient academic physiatry clinic.ParticipantsThirty‐one healthy adults (mean [SD], 54 ± 15 years).MethodsParticipants completed a clinical test of RT (RTclin) and a computerized test of RT with and without performance feedback (RTcompFB and RTcompNoFB, respectively) in randomly assigned order. They then ranked their degree of motivation during each test. RTclin measured the time required to catch a suspended vertical shaft by hand closure after release of the shaft by the examiner. RTcompFB and RTcompNoFB both measured the time required to press a computer key in response to a visual cue displayed on a computer monitor. Performance feedback (visual display of the previous trial and summary results) was provided for RTcompFB, but not for RTcompNoFB.Main Outcome MeasurementsMeans and standard deviations of RTclin, RTcompFB, and RTcompNoFB and participants' self‐reported motivation on a 5‐point Likert scale for each test.ResultsThere were significant differences in both the means and standard deviations of RTclin, RTcompFB, and RTcompNoFB (F2,60 = 81.66, P < .0001; F2,60 = 32.46, P < .0001, respectively), with RTclin being both the fastest and least variable of the RT measurements. RTclin was more strongly correlated with RTcompFB (r = 0.449, P = .0011) than with RTcompNoFB (r = 0.314, P = .086). The participants reported similar levels of motivation between RTclin and RTcompFB, both of which were reported to be more motivating than RTcompNoFB.ConclusionsThe stronger correlation between RTclin and RTcompFB as well as the higher reported motivation during RTclin and RTcompFB testing suggest that performance feedback is a positive motivating factor that is inherent to RTclin testing. RTclin is a simple, inexpensive technique for measuring RT and appears to be an intrinsically motivating task. This motivation may promote faster, more consistent RT performance compared with currently available computerized programs, which do not typically provide performance feedback.
Helicity generation and subcritical behaviour in rapidly rotating dynamos
Authors: Sreenivasan Binod , Jones Chris A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractNumerical dynamo models based on convection-driven flow in a rapidly rotating spherical shell frequently give rise to strong, stable, dipolar magnetic fields. Dipolar dynamos can be subcritical in the sense that strong magnetic fields are sustained at a Rayleigh number lower than that required for a dynamo to grow from a small seed field. In this paper we find subcritical behaviour in dynamos in line with previous studies. We explore the action of Lorentz force in a rotating dynamo which gives rise to a strong preference for dipolar modes over quadrupolar modes, and also makes subcritical behaviour more likely to occur. The coherent structures that arise in rapidly rotating convection are affected by the magnetic field in ways which strongly increase their helicity, particularly if the magnetic field is dipolar. As helicity enhances dynamo action, an existing magnetic field can hold itself up, which leads to subcritical behaviour in the dynamo. We investigate this mechanism by means of the asymptotic small Ekman number theory of rapidly rotating magnetoconvection, and compare our results with fully nonlinear dynamo simulations. There are also other mechanisms which can promote subcritical behaviour. When Reynolds stresses are significant, zonal flows can lower the helicity and disrupt the onset of dynamo action, but an established dipole field can suppress the zonal flow, and hence boost the helicity. Subcriticality means that a slow gradual reduction in Rayleigh number can lead to a catastrophic collapse of the dynamo once a critical Rayleigh number is reached. While there is little evidence that the Earth is currently in a subcritical regime, this may have implications for the long-term evolution of the geodynamo.
Inertial effects on the dynamics, streamline topology and interfacial stresses due to a drop in shear
Authors: Singh Rajesh Kumar , Sarkar Kausik 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDeformation of a viscous drop in shear at finite inertia and the streamlines around it are numerically investigated. Inertia destroys the closed streamlines found in Stokes flow. It creates reversed streamlines and streamlines spiralling around the vorticity axis. Spiralling streamlines spiral either towards the central shear plane or away from it depending on the viscosity ratio and the inertia. The zones of open or reversed streamlines as well as streamlines spiralling towards or away from the central shear plane are delineated for varying viscosity ratio and Reynolds number. In contrast to the infinite extent of the closed Stokes streamlines around a rigid sphere in shear, the region of the spiralling streamlines in the vorticity direction both for a rigid sphere and a drop shrinks with inertia. Inertia increases deformation, and introduces oscillations in drop shape. An approximate analysis explains the scaling of oscillation frequency and damping with Reynolds and capillary numbers. The steady-state drop inclination angle with the flow axis increases with increasing Reynolds number for small Reynolds number. But it decreases at higher Reynolds number, especially for larger capillary numbers. For smaller capillary numbers, drop inclination reaches higher than $4{5}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $ (the direction of maximum extension), critically affecting the interfacial stresses due to the drop. It changes the sign of first and second normal interfacial stress differences (and thereby these components of the effective stresses of an emulsion of such drops). Increasing viscosity ratio orients the drop towards the flow axis, which increases the critical Reynolds number above which the drop inclination reaches more than $4{5}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $.
Dynamical model for velocity-gradient evolution in compressible turbulence
Authors: Suman S. , Girimaji S. S. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractVelocity-gradient evolution in compressible turbulence is modelled with an autonomous dynamical system of equations that are able to explain important non-isentropic, Mach-number and viscous effects. This enhanced homogenized Euler equation (EHEE) model is validated against the Burgers equation and direct numerical simulation (DNS) computations at the appropriate limits of Mach number. The EHEE model qualitatively captures crucial nonlinear physical features – especially various dilatational aspects of the flow field – observed in DNS over a range of Mach, Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The model can serve as the basis of more quantitative statistical and stochastic closure models.
Chronic dietary intake of α-linolenic acid does not replicate the effects of DHA on passive properties of entorhinal cortex neurons
Authors: Arsenault Dany , Julien Carl , Calon Frédéric 
Published: August 2011

n-3 PUFA are receiving growing attention for their therapeutic potential in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. We have recently shown that long-term treatment with DHA alters the physiology of entorhinal cortex (EC) neurons. In the present study, we investigated by patch-clamp the effect of another major dietaryn-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid (LNA), on the intrinsic properties of EC neurons. Mice were chronically exposed to isoenergetic diets deficient inn-3 PUFA or enriched in either DHA or LNA on an equimolar basis. GC analyses revealed an increase in DHA (34 %) and a decrease in arachidonic acid (AA, − 23 %) in brain fatty acid concentrations after consumption of the DHA-enriched diet. Dietary intake of LNA similarly affected brain fatty acid profiles, but at a lower magnitude (DHA: 23 %, AA: − 13 %). Compared to then-3 PUFA-deficient diet, consumption of DHA, but not LNA, induced membrane hyperpolarisation ( − 60 to − 70 mV), increased cellular capacitance (32 %) and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequency (50 %). We propose that the inefficiency of LNA to modulate cellular capacitance was related to its inability to increase the brain DHA:AA ratio over the threshold necessary to up-regulate syntaxin-3 (46 %) and translocate drebrin (40 % membrane:cytosol ratio). In summary, our present study shows that the increase in brain DHA content following chronic administration of LNA was not sufficient to alter the passive and synaptic properties of EC neurons, compared to direct dietary intake of DHA. These diverging results have important implications for the therapeutic use ofn-3 PUFA in CNS disease, favouring the use of preformed DHA.
A Sacrifice Without a Deity in the Athenian State Calendar
Authors: Healey Robert F. 
Published: August 2011

A fairly long, though incomplete, list of sacrifices for the festival of the Eleusinia from the Athenian State Calendar of the end of the fifth century B.C. is preserved in the inscription published in Hesperia 4 (1935), 21, column three, lines 60–86. The arrangement of items can best be illustrated by the beginning of the column in question:Throughout the State Calendar the scheme of entries is regularly the same:A few successive lines will illustrate this further:
Follicular adenoma presenting as lateral aberrant thyroid
Authors: Chu A C , Mlikotic A , St John M A R 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroduction:True benign thyroid masses very rarely present as a solitary lateral neck mass. Different aetiological mechanisms have been proposed for such masses.Case report:We report a case of thyroid follicular adenoma that presented as a lateral neck mass.Discussion:Ectopic thyroid tissue and metastases from primary thyroid carcinoma should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of lateral neck masses. Complete investigation should include complete blood tests to characterise the orthotopic thyroid gland.
Rapid Rhino versus Merocel nasal packs in septal surgery
Authors: Hesham A , Ghali A 
Published: August 2011

AbstractObjective:To compare Rapid Rhino and Merocel packs for nasal packing after septoplasty, in terms of patient tolerance (both with the pack in place and during removal) and post-operative complications.Materials and methods:Thirty patients (aged 18–40 years) scheduled for septoplasty were included. Following surgery, one nasal cavity was packed with Rapid Rhino and the other one with Merocel. Patients were asked to record pain levels on a visual analogue score, on both sides, with the packs in situ and during their removal the next day. After pack removal, bleeding was compared on both sides.Results:The mean ± standard deviation pain score for the Rapid Rhino pack in situ (4.17 ± 1.78) was less than that for the Merocel pack (4.73 ± 2.05), but not significantly so (p = 0.314). The mean pain score for Rapid Rhino pack removal (4.13 ± 1.76) was significantly less that that for Merocel (6.90 ± 1.67; p = 0.001). Bleeding after pack removal was significantly less for the Rapid Rhino sides compared with the Merocel sides (p <0.05).Conclusion:Rapid Rhino nasal packs are less painful and cause less bleeding, compared with Merocel packs, with no side effects. Thus, their use for nasal packing after septal surgery is recommended.
Effects of oil drilling activity on the deep water megabenthos of the Orinoco Fan, Venezuela
Authors: Jones Daniel O.B. , Cruz-Motta Juan J. , Bone David , Kaariainen Janne I. 
Published: August 2011

The response of a deep-water megafaunal assemblage to sedimentation disturbance from hydrocarbon drilling was investigated using remotely operated vehicle video off the Atlantic coast of Venezuela. This was the first assessment of megafauna in bathyal waters in this region. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) design was used to assess patterns in density and assemblage structure both temporally, before and after the drilling event, and spatially, at different distances from the disturbance. High levels of sedimentation occurred within a radius of 20 to 50 m from the drilling site. Megafaunal densities were reduced with high levels of disturbance (from 0.60 m−2to 0.17 m−2 <20 m from the drilling site). The responses of motile and sessile fauna were different. Sessile fauna were most common (77% total) and reflected trends for total density. Motile megafaunal density was generally higher after drilling (up to double the pre-drill density). Species richness was reduced by disturbance and proximity to the disturbance. Multivariate ANOVA revealed significant differences in assemblage composition with distance and before and after drilling but no interaction. This was most likely a result of variable species-specific responses to disturbance. Megafaunal densities were generally much higher than reported densities from comparable depths in the Gulf of Mexico or from deeper locations in the Caribbean Sea. The responses to sedimentation disturbance were generally less obvious than observed elsewhere and may result from the fauna being adapted to the naturally high levels of sedimentation deriving from the Orinoco River.