bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Use of the Interactive Systems Framework to Guide School Mental Health Services in Post‐disaster Contexts: Building Community Capacity for Trauma‐Focused Interventions
Authors: Taylor Leslie K. , Weist Mark D. , DeLoach Kendra 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOver the past two decades schools have been identified as the de facto mental health system for youth. Therefore, improving and expanding school mental health (SMH) has become a pressing agenda item for researchers, practitioners, policy makers, and funders. Advancing this agenda includes not only translating intervention research into practice within schools, but building capacities for these interventions to occur. The interactive systems framework (ISF) of Wandersman and colleagues, and the focus of this special issue, provides guidance in bridging the gap between research and practice through multisystem capacity building. There is some evidence that application of the ISF has helped to build capacity for SMH in states, but this evidence is preliminary. In addition, application of the ISF has not occurred in SMH at the community level or in relation to the specific stresses a community undergoes in relation to a disaster. The purpose of this article was to conduct a preliminary attempt to connect these three areas—the ISF, SMH and strengthening SMH through the ISF to better address impacts of a community level disaster; in this case, we explore the impacts of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans schools, their students and families, and SMH programming within them.Special Issue: Advances in Bridging Research and Practice Using the Interactive System Framework for Dissemination and Implementation; Guest Editors: Abraham Wandersman, Paul Flaspohler, Catherine A. Lesesne, Richard Puddy; Action Editor: Emilie Phillips Smith
Nifedipine for the Treatment of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Deshwal Rajesh , Iqbal Mohd , Basnet Sidhant 
Published: March 2012

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors, patient profile, clinical features, and oral nifedipine as a treatment option for a series of 110 patients with high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) in a military hospital in India. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study in a military hospital. In all, 110 patients with HAPE admitted and treated over a period of 3 years are reported. The following measurements were noted: dyspnea, cough, chest pain, cyanosis, pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, crepitations, radiographic abnormalities, electrocardiogram, peripheral pulse oximetry (Spo2) at admission, Spo2 normalization time, total leukocyte count, and length of hospital stay. Results The risk factors identified for development of HAPE in our patients were improper acclimatization/faster rates of ascent, higher defined height (10 500 feet [3200 m]) for first stage acclimatization due to logistic reasons (usually 9000 feet [2743 m]), cold exposure, severe exercise, and respiratory infection. All patients were treated with reduction of altitude, supplemental oxygen therapy with nasal prongs, and bed rest. Oral nifedipine or placebo was administered to alternating patients. None of the patients deteriorated during their hospital stay, and all recovered fully to be discharged an average of 4.01 days (range 2–6 days) after admission. Patients were monitored for time taken for normalization of oxygen saturation, duration of hospital stay, time needed for resolution of lung crepitations, and radiographic infiltrates. Nifedipine administration was not found to be better than placebo for any of these variables ( P > .05). Conclusions Improper acclimatization remains the foremost risk factor for HAPE. In addition to descent and supplemental oxygen, nifedipine appears to provide no additional benefit in the resolution of HAPE.
Homemade Thermometry Instruments in the Field
Authors: Pasquier Mathieu , Rousson Valentin , Zen Ruffinen Grégoire , Hugli Olivier 
Published: March 2012

Objective Esophageal temperature is the gold standard for in-the-field temperature monitoring in hypothermic victims with cardiac arrest. For practical reasons, some mountain rescue teams use homemade esophageal thermometers to measure esophageal temperature; these consist of nonmedical inside/outside temperature monitoring instruments that have been modified to allow for esophageal insertion. We planned a study to determine the accuracy of such thermometers. Methods Two of the same model of digital cabled indoor/outdoor thermometer were modified and tested in comparison with a reference thermometer. The thermometers were tested in a water bath at different temperatures between 10°C and 35.2°C. Three hundred measurements were taken with each thermometer. Results Our experimental study showed that both homemade thermometers provided a good correlation and a clinically acceptable agreement in comparison with the reference thermometer. Measurements were within 0.5°C in comparison with the reference thermometer 97.5% of the time. Conclusions The homemade thermometers performed well in vitro, in comparison with a reference thermometer. However, because these devices in their original form are not designed for clinical use, their use should be restricted to situations when the use of a conventional esophageal thermometer is impossible.
Increasing Creatine Kinase Concentrations at the 161-km Western States Endurance Run
Authors: Hoffman Martin D. , Ingwerson Julie L. , Rogers Ian R. , Hew-Butler Tamara , Stuempfle Kristin J. 
Published: March 2012

Objective Very high blood creatine kinase (CK) concentrations have been observed among recent finishers of the 161-km Western States Endurance Run (WSER), and it has been suggested that there is a link between rhabdomyolysis and hyponatremia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare CK concentrations of finishers in the 2010 WSER with past values, and to determine whether there was an association between blood CK and sodium concentrations. Methods Consenting 2010 WSER finishers provided blood samples at the finish for determination of blood CK and sodium concentrations. Finish time, age, and gender were obtained from official race results, and running experience was determined from our database as number of prior 161-km ultramarathon finishes. Results From 216 (66%) of the 328 finishers, median and mean CK concentrations were found to be 20 850 IU/L and 32 956 IU/L, respectively (range 1500–264 300 IU/L), and 13 (6%) had values greater than 100 000 IU/L. These values were statistically higher ( P < .0001) than those reported from the 1995 WSER. The CK concentration was not significantly associated with finish time, age, gender, or running experience. Blood sodium concentrations were obtained from a subgroup of 159 runners, and the relationship between blood CK and sodium concentrations did not reach statistical significance ( P = .06, r = −0.12). Conclusions Creatine kinase concentrations of 2010 WSER finishers are higher than values previously reported. More research should focus on explaining this observation and on whether there is a possible link between higher CK concentrations and hyponatremia.
Physiological Bone Responses in the Fingers After More Than 10 Years of High-Level Sport Climbing: Analysis of Cortical Parameters
Authors: Hahn Frederik , Erschbaumer Matthias , Allenspach Philipp , Rufibach Kaspar , Schweizer Andreas 
Published: March 2012

Objective Sports activity can induce bone modeling processes with apposition of new bone and changes in bone morphology. Sport climbing places extreme forces and stress on the hands, especially on the bones of the fingers. This study examines sports-induced physiological adaptations of the finger bones of climbers. Methods In this cohort study, the radiographs of 31 high-level (Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme [UIAA] metric scale range 8.33 to 11.33), experienced (median 20 years climbing time) adult climbers were compared with those of a control group of 67 patients. Cortical dimensions and variables were measured and analyzed in a total of 330 fingers. An association analysis of climbing-related variables was also performed. Results The climber's bones showed a 25% higher cortical proportion than those of the control group. On average, the outer cortical width of the climbers' bones was 6% larger and the medullary canal was 20% narrower than in the control group ( P < .05). The differences between groups were more pronounced in the sagittal plane and more pronounced distally in the fingers. No associations were found between age, climbing experience, climbing level, and the cortical hypertrophy. Conclusions Differences in bone morphology can be observed in the finger bones of adult climbers when compared with controls. Because the differences are more pronounced at the palmar and dorsal cortices, the analysis of the sagittal plane should always be included in future investigations. To evaluate climbing-related factors influencing these adaptive morphologic differences, further studies with larger, more specific study cohorts are needed.
Peripheral Arterial Desaturation Is Further Exacerbated by Exercise in Adolescents With Acute Mountain Sickness
Authors: Major Sarah A. , Hogan Ryan J.K. , Yeates Elizabeth , Imray Chris H.E. 
Published: March 2012

Objective Rapid ascent to altitude can result in the development of high altitude illnesses such as acute mountain sickness (AMS). This study aimed to investigate AMS symptoms in adolescents and study basic cardiopulmonary measurements at altitude. Methods Thirty-eight adolescents aged 16 to 19 years flew to 3500 m from 215 m and continued over a 23-day period to ascend to a maximum altitude of 5200 m. Each member of the expedition completed a Lake Louise Self-Assessment Questionnaire (LLSAQ) on a daily basis, and AMS was defined as a score of ≥3, with an associated headache. Physiology measurements included a step test, and both before and after exercise pulse oximetry, blood pressure, and pulse rate. Results Oxygen saturation inversely correlated with altitude ( P = .001). Mean pulse rate increased from 70 beats/min (±6.5) at 215 m to 83 beats/min (±2.2) at 3500 m ( P = .01), and a rise in blood pressure with ascent was highlighted ( P = .004). The majority of subjects (84%) had an LLSAQ of 3 or more on at least 1 occasion, and they tended to record higher pulse rates ( P = .005) and lower oxygen saturations ( P = .001). Exercise-induced drops in oxygen saturation and raised pulse rates were more prolonged in subjects with severe AMS compared with subjects not having AMS ( P = .046 and P = .005, respectively). Conclusions The LLSAQ scoring system appeared to be a simple and effective technique to aid the diagnosis of adolescents who have AMS, and it may help improve the safety of large groups traveling to altitude. The AMS subjects tended to have low oxygen saturations and high pulse rates, highlighting potential areas for further research.
From ciphers to confidentiality: secrecy, openness and priority in science
Authors: BIAGIOLI MARIO 
Published: March 2012

AbstractI make three related claims. First, certain seemingly secretive behaviours displayed by scientists and inventors are expression neither of socio-professional values nor of strategies for the maximization of the economic value of their knowledge. They are, instead, protective responses to unavoidable risks inherent in the process of publication and priority claiming. Scientists and inventors fear being scooped by direct competitors, but have also worried about people who publish their claims or determine their priority: journal editors or referees who may appropriate the claims in the manuscript they review or patent clerks who may claim or leak the inventions contained in the applications that cross their desks. Second, these protective responses point to the existence of an unavoidable moment of instability in any procedure aimed at establishing priority. Making things public is an inherently risky business and it is impossible, I argue, to ensure that priority may not be lost in the very process that is supposed to establish it. Third, I offer a brief archaeology of regimes and techniques of priority registration, showing the distinctly different definitions of priority developed by each system.
MORALITY, LAW AND CONFLICTING REASONS FOR ACTION
Authors: Cane Peter 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn The Concept of Law, H.L.A. Hart suggested that four formal features of morality distinguish it from law: importance, immunity from deliberate change, the nature of moral offences and the form of moral pressure. On closer examination, none of these supposed features clearly distinguishes morality from law, at least in the broad sense of ‘morality’ that Hart adopted. However, a fifth feature of morality mentioned by Hart – namely the role that morality plays in practical reasoning as a source of ultimate standards for assessing human conduct – does illuminate the relationship between law as conceptualised by Hart and morality variously understood. Because morality has this feature, law is always subject to moral assessment, and moral reasons trump legal reasons. It does not follow, however, that law is irrelevant to moral reasoning.
SECTION 30(1)(g) OF THE LANDLORD AND TENANT ACT 1954: THE UNJUST RELEGATION OF RENEWAL RIGHTS
Authors: Haley Michael 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPart II of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 regulates the renewal of business tenancies. Within highly technical confines, it promotes the continuation of the tenant's business and addresses the risk of tenant exploitation. Nevertheless, it is argued that section 30(1)(g) unnecessarily prioritises the occupation needs of the landlord over the tenant's renewal rights and without imposing effective procedural safeguards. Although compensation for loss of renewal rights may be available, the award disregards any loss of established goodwill. This inadequacy of compensation undermines the anti-profiteering ethos of the Act and contravenes Article 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
Using a sensitivity analysis of a weed dynamics model to develop sustainable cropping systems. I. Annual interactions between crop management techniques and biophysical field state variables
Authors: COLBACH N. , MÉZIÈRE D. 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYEnvironmental problems mean that herbicide applications must be drastically reduced and optimized. Models that quantify the effects of crop management techniques on weed dynamics are valuable tools for designing weed management strategies. Indeed, the techniques to be optimized are numerous and diverse, and their effects vary considerably with environmental conditions and the state of the weed flora. In the present study, a mechanistic weed dynamics model,AlomySys, was used to carry outin silicoexperiments in order to: (1) rank crop management components according to the resulting decrease in weed infestation, and (2) study the sensitivity of the major component effects to biophysical field state variables in order to identify indicators and thresholds that could serve for future decision-rules for farmers. The various results were compiled into rules for optimizing timing and other options (tillage tools, herbicide types) for the different crop management techniques. The rules were based on a series of biophysical field state variables, i.e. cumulated rainfall, thermal time, soil moisture and weed densities prior to the operation, in the previous and pre-previous crops. For instance, the first tillage should be delayed until the cumulated rainfall since harvest exceeds 50 mm and be carried out in moist conditions. Mouldboard ploughing is advised if the infestation of the previous crop exceeds 20 weeds/m2and particularly if this exceeds 0·3 times that of the pre-previous crop. Ploughing should occur when the cumulated rainfall since harvest reaches 100–200 mm. The effects of crop succession and long-term effects of management techniques have been studied in a companion paper (Colbachet al. 2012).
Childhood trajectories of anxiousness and disruptiveness explain the association between early-life adversity and attempted suicide
Authors: Wanner B. , Vitaro F. , Tremblay R. E. , Turecki G. 
Published: March 2012

BackgroundSuicidal behavior is frequently associated with a history of childhood abuse yet it remains unclear precisely how early life adversity may increase suicide risk later in life. As such, our aim was to examine whether lifetime trajectories of disruptiveness and anxiousness trait dysregulation explain the association between childhood adversity and suicidal behavior; and moreover, to test the potential modifying effects of mental disorders on these associations.MethodA sample of 1776 individuals from a prospective school-based cohort followed longitudinally for over 22 years was investigated. We tested the influence of disruptiveness and anxiousness trajectories from age 6 to 12 years on the association between childhood adversity (i.e. sexual and physical abuse) and history of suicide attempts (SA) using logistic regression models. Both adolescent externalizing and internalizing Axis I disorders and gender were tested as potential modifiers of these associations.ResultsFour distinct longitudinal trajectories were identified for both disruptiveness and anxiousness. The high disruptiveness trajectory accounted for the association between childhood adversity and SA, but only for females. The high anxiousness trajectory also explained the association between adversity and SA; however, in this case it was not sex but mental disorders that influenced the potency of the mediating effect. More specifically, anxiousness fully explained the effect of adversity on SA in the presence of externalizing disorders, whereas in the absence of these disorders, this effect was significantly attenuated.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that both disruptiveness and anxiousness play an important role in explaining the relationship between childhood adversity and SA.
Lack of efficacy of L-759274, a novel neurokinin 1 (substance P) receptor antagonist, for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Michelson David , Hargreaves Richard , Alexander Robert , Ceesay Paulette , Hietala Jarmo , Lines Christopher , Reines Scott 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Preclinical studies suggest that substance P acting at neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors may be involved in stress responses and NK1 receptor antagonists show activity in tests of anxiety. These data raise the possibility that NK1 receptor antagonists could be potential anxiolytic treatments in humans. We evaluated this hypothesis clinically using the NK1 antagonist L-759274. This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, multicentre, proof-of-concept trial. Patients with generalized anxiety disorder were randomized 1:1:1 to 6 wk of treatment with 40 mg L-759274 (n = 73), 1–6 mg lorazepam (n = 69) or placebo (n = 71). Efficacy was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). A positron emission tomography (PET) study was also performed in 16 healthy subjects to determine the relationship between NK1 receptor occupancy and plasma levels of L-759274 to verify adequate target engagement by the doses tested during the clinical trial. No statistically significant difference in mean change from baseline HAMA score at 6 wk was seen for L-759274 vs. placebo [difference = 1.0 (95% confidence intervals (CI) −1.2 to 3.2), p = 0.359] whereas the lorazepam group did show a significant improvement vs. placebo (difference = −2.7, 95% CI −5.0 to −0.4, p = 0.020) and L-759274 (difference = 3.7, 95% CI 1.5–6.0, p = 0.001]. Results from the PET study indicated that the L-759274 dosing regimen used in the clinical trial likely provided high levels of NK1 receptor occupancy (>90%), supporting the view that it was an adequate proof-of-concept trial. The NK1 receptor antagonist L-759274 does not appear to be efficacious for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
The differential impact of social defeat on mice living in isolation or groups in an enriched environment: plasma corticosterone and monoamine variations
Authors: McQuaid Robyn J. , Audet Marie-Claude , Jacobson-Pick Shlomit , Anisman Hymie 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSocial defeat in mice is a potent stressor that promotes the development of depressive- and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as variations of neuroendocrine and brain neurotransmitter activity. Although environmental enrichment may protect against some of the adverse behavioural and biological effects of social defeat, it seems that, among male group-housed mice maintained in an enriched environment (EE), aggressive behaviours may be more readily instigated, thus promoting distress and exacerbating psychopathological features. Thus, although an EE can potentially have numerous beneficial effects, these may depend on the general conditions in which mice were raised. It was observed in the current investigations that EE group-housed BALB/cByJ mice displayed increased anxiety-like behaviours compared to their counterparts maintained in a standard environment (SE). Furthermore, in response to social defeat, EE group-housed male mice exhibited decreased weight gain, exaggerated corticosterone elevations and altered hippocampal norepinephrine utilization compared to their SE counterparts. These effects were not apparent in the individually housed EE mice and, in fact, enrichment among these mice appeared to buffer against serotonin changes induced by social defeat. It is possible that some potentially beneficial effects of enrichment were precluded among group-housed mice, possibly owing to social disturbances that might occur in these conditions. In fact, even if social interaction is an essential feature of enrichment, it seems that some of the positive effects of this housing condition might be optimal when mice are housed individually, particularly with regard to buffering the effects of social defeat.
Redox-dependent complex formation by an ATP-dependent activator of the corrinoid/iron-sulfur protein
Authors: Hennig Sandra E. , Jeoung Jae-Hun , Goetzl Sebastian , Dobbek Holger 
Published: March 2012

Movement, cell division, protein biosynthesis, electron transfer against an electrochemical gradient, and many more processes depend on energy conversions coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. The reduction of metal sites with low reduction potentials (E
0′
< -500 mV) is possible by connecting an energetical uphill electron transfer with the hydrolysis of ATP. The corrinoid-iron/sulfur protein (CoFeSP) operates within the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway by transferring a methyl group from methyltetrahydrofolate bound to a methyltransferase to the [Ni-Ni-Fe
4
S
4
] cluster of acetyl-CoA synthase. Methylation of CoFeSP only occurs in the low-potential Co(I) state, which can be sporadically oxidized to the inactive Co(II) state, making its reductive reactivation necessary. Here we show that an open-reading frame proximal to the structural genes of CoFeSP encodes an ATP-dependent reductive activator of CoFeSP. Our biochemical and structural analysis uncovers a unique type of reductive activator distinct from the electron-transferring ATPases found to reduce the MoFe-nitrogenase and 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases. The CoFeSP activator contains an ASKHA domain (acetate and sugar kinases, Hsp70, and actin) harboring the ATP-binding site, which is also present in the activator of 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases and a ferredoxin-like [2Fe-2S] cluster domain acting as electron donor. Complex formation between CoFeSP and its activator depends on the oxidation state of CoFeSP, which provides evidence for a unique strategy to achieve unidirectional electron transfer between two redox proteins.