bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Autogenous Ignition Temperature and Pneumatic Impact Ignitability of Nonmetallic Materials
Authors: Smith Sarah 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Extensive test data exist on the ignitability of nonmetallic materials in pure oxygen, but these characteristics are not as well understood for lesser oxygen concentrations. In this study, autogenous ignition temperature testing and pneumatic impact testing were used to better understand the effects of oxygen concentration on ignition of nonmetallic materials. Tests were performed using oxygen concentrations of 21, 34, 45, and 100 %. The following materials were tested: PTFE Teflon®, Buna-N, Silicone, Zytel® 42, Viton® A, and Vespel® SP-21.
Optimal Control and Design of Bipedal Robots with ComplianceOptimale Steuerung und Auslegung zweibeiniger Laufroboter mit elastischen Gelenken
Authors: Mombaur Katja , Scheint Michael , Sobotka Marion 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present an interesting area of appplication for modern optimal control techniques in robotics. Optimal control can significantly improve the control of bipedal walking motions, in particular by an optimal exploitation and an appropriate tuning of compliance. Two optimization methods for gait generation and three bipedal robot models are used to highlight three aspects: optimally tuned elastic elements significantly reduce energy consumption for locomotion, produce natural-looking gaits, and enhance the open-loop stability of the gait. It is concluded that optimization of compliance in legged robots is a promising approach towards dynamic, energy-efficient locomotion.
Optimierungsbasierte Regelung des Hashimoto-SMB-ProzessesOptimizing Control of the Hashimoto SMB Process
Authors: Küpper Achim , Engell Sebastian 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Simulierte Gegenstromprozesse (SMB-Prozesse) sind leistungsfähige chromatographische Trennverfahren, bei denen die physikalischen Eingangsgrößen (Zufluss- und Abflussströme) periodisch von einer Trennsäule zur nächsten geschaltet werden, sodass sich ein effektiver Gegenstrom von Feststoff und Flüssigkeit ergibt. Der sog. Hashimoto-Prozess integriert chemische Reaktoren in diesen Prozess, deren Position sich aber relativ zu den Zuflüssen nicht ändert. SMB-Trennprozesse und insbesondere Prozesse mit zusätzlichen Reaktoren zeigen ein komplexes nichtlineares Verhalten. In diesem Beitrag wird eine direkt optimierende prädiktive Regelung vorgestellt, die auf der Grundlage eines rigorosen, nichtlinearen Prozessmodells hoher Ordnung unter Einbeziehung aller Freiheitsgrade des Prozesses (Flussraten und Taktzeit) online den Lösungsmittelverbrauch minimiert und gleichzeitig die Produktreinheit und die gewünschte Ausbeute einhält. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Einfluss von Modellfehlern zu einem unbefriedigenden Regelverhalten führen kann und es wird eine Modifikation der Formulierung der Regelaufgabe vorgestellt, die zu einem robusten Verhalten führt. Das Regelungskonzept wird anhand von Simulationen und experimentellen Ergebnissen für die Razemisierung von Trögerscher Base verifiziert.
Flatness-Based Control Design for an Adaptive Belt Load LimiterFlachheitsbasierte Regelung eines adaptiven Gurtkraftbegrenzers
Authors: Seichter Dennis , Man Ho Lok , Fox Joachim 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
This paper presents the design of a flatness-based control principle for an adaptive load limiting restraint system developed by Continental. Differential flatness is a property found in certain nonlinear, time-invariant multivariable systems which allows effective model-based open loop control, as it facilitates the calculation of the inputs corresponding to a desired output trajectory. The paper focuses on modeling the system consisting of a drop tower test bench and the load limiter itself. After proving that the model is flat, the controller is designed. The comparison of simulation and experimental results shows the correctness of the model and a good performance of the controller. Thus the feasibilty of the flatness based control approach is shown for the application in this mechatronic passenger restraint system.
Vergleich der Anwendbarkeit von UML und UML-PA in der anlagennahen Softwareentwicklung der AutomatisierungstechnikEvaluation of UML and UML-PA for Software Engineering in Plant Automation
Authors: Katzke Uwe , Vogel-Heuser Birgit 
Published: June 2009

Zusammenfassung
Bei dem Entwurf von neuen Modellierungssprachen wird viel Wert darauf gelegt, möglichst jeden denkbaren Sachverhalt einer Domäne durch die Semantik der sprachlichen Mittel ausdrücken zu können, um den Anwendern die für die Domäne erforderlichen Sprachmittel zur Verfügung zu stellen und sie somit beim Systementwurf zu unterstützen. In dem Beitrag wird der Umgang von Anwendern mit der UML als “General Purpose Language” und mit der UML-PA als reduzierte Sprache für den Softwareentwurf der Automatisierungstechnik experimentell untersucht, um eine Aussage über die Eignung dieser Modellierungssprachen treffen zu können.
Actinide and lanthanide speciation in imidazolium-based ionic liquids
Authors: Billard Isabelle , Gaillard C. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The surprising speciation of actinides and lanthanides in ionic liquids (ILs) is reviewed, based on both experimental and theoretical studies. The unusual nature of ILs is shown to induce unique solvation, complexation and extraction features. The effect of water is also detailed.
A Molecular Mechanism of Temperature Sensitivity for Mutations Affecting the Drosophila Muscle Regulator Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2
Authors: Lovato TyAnna L , Adams Melanie M , Baker Phillip W , Cripps Richard M 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
Temperature-sensitive (TS) mutations are a useful tool for elucidating gene function where a gene of interest is essential at multiple stages of development. However, the molecular mechanisms behind TS alleles vary. TS mutations of the myogenic regulator Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) in Drosophila arise in the heteroallelic combination Mef230-5/Mef244-5. We show that the 30-5 mutation affects the N-terminal MADS domain, causing impaired DNA binding ability and failure of homozygous mutants to survive to adulthood. The 44-5 mutation deletes a downstream splice acceptor site and results in a truncated protein that is unable to activate MEF2 targets. 44-5 homozygotes consequently show severely impaired myogenesis and die as embryos. We propose that in heteroallelic mutants at the permissive temperature, 30-5/44-5 heterodimers form and have a sufficiently stable interaction with DNA to activate myogenic gene expression; at the restrictive temperature, 44-5 homodimers displace 30-5/44-5 heterodimers from target genes, thus acting in a dominant-negative manner. To test this, we show that 30-5/44-5 heterodimers can form, and we study additional Mef2 alleles for complementation with the 30-5 allele. An allele affecting the DNA binding domain fails to complement 30-5, whereas two alleles affecting downstream residues show temperature-dependent complementation. Thus, by combining one MEF2 isoform having weakened DNA binding ability with a second truncated MEF2 mutant that has lost its activation ability, a TS form of intragenic complementation can be generated. These findings will provide new insight and guidance into the functions of dimeric proteins and how they might be engineered to generate TS combinations.
Alternative Splicing of PTC7 inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeDetermines Protein Localization
Authors: Juneau Kara , Nislow Corey , Davis Ronald W 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt is well established that higher eukaryotes use alternative splicing to increase proteome complexity. In contrast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a single-cell eukaryote, conducts predominantly regulated splicing through retention of nonfunctional introns. In this article we describe our discovery of a functional intron in the PTC7 (YHR076W) gene that can be alternatively spliced to create two mRNAs that code for distinct proteins. These two proteins localize to different cellular compartments and have distinct cellular roles. The protein translated from the spliced mRNA localizes to the mitochondria and its expression is carbon-source dependent. In comparison, the protein translated from the unspliced mRNA contains a transmembrane domain, localizes to the nuclear envelope, and mediates the toxic effects of Latrunculin A exposure. In conclusion, we identified a definitive example of functional alternative splicing in S. cerevisiae that confers a measurable fitness benefit.
Pediatric Specialized Transport Teams Are Associated With Improved Outcomes
Authors: Orr Richard A. , Felmet Kathryn A. , Han Yong , McCloskey Karin A. , Dragotta Michelle A. , Bills Debra M. , Kuch Bradley A. , Watson R. Scott 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to test the hypothesis that interfacility transport performed by a pediatric critical care specialized team, compared with nonspecialized teams, would be associated with improved survival rates and fewer unplanned events during the transport process.METHODS: A single-center, prospective, cohort study was performed between January 2001 and September 2002. A total of 1085 infants and children at referral community hospitals with requests for retrieval by the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh transport team were studied; 1021(94%) were transported by a specialty team and 64 (6%) by nonspecialized teams. Unplanned events during the transport process and 28-day mortality rates were assessed.RESULTS: Unplanned events occurred for 55 patients (5%) and were more common among patients transported by nonspecialized teams (61% vs 1.5%). Airway-related events were most common, followed by cardiopulmonary arrest, sustained hypotension, and loss of crucial intravenous access. After adjustment for illness severity, only the use of a nonspecialized team was independently associated with an unplanned event, and death was more common among patients transported by nonspecialized teams (23% vs 9%).CONCLUSION: Transport of critically ill children to a pediatric tertiary care center can be conducted more safely with a pediatric critical care specialized team than with teams lacking specific training and expertise in pediatric critical care and pediatric transport medicine.
Carbon Monoxide is a Significant Mediator of Cardiovascular Status Following Preterm Birth
Authors: Stark Michael J. , Clifton Vicki L. , Wright Ian M.R. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE: With male gender as a strong predictor of cardiovascular instability, we hypothesized that gender-specific differences in circulating carbon monoxide levels contributed to dysregulated microvascular function in preterm male infants.METHODS: Infants born at 24 to 34 weeks of gestation (N = 84) were studied in a regional tertiary neonatal unit. Carboxyhemoglobin levels were measured through spectrophotometry in umbilical arterial blood and at 24, 72, and 120 hours after birth. Microvascular blood flow was determined through laser Doppler flowmetry.RESULTS: Carboxyhemoglobin levels demonstrated a strong inverse relationship with gestational age (r = −0.636; P &lt; .001) and were higher in boys (P = .032). Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in arterial carboxyhemoglobin levels over time (P &lt; .001), with significant between-subjects effects for gestational age (P = .011) and gender (P = .025). Positive correlations with microvascular blood flow at 24 hours of age (r = 0.495; P &lt; .001) and 120 hours of age (r = 0.548; P &lt; .001) were observed. With controlling for gestational age, carboxyhemoglobin levels at 72 hours were greater for infants who died in the first week of life (P = .035).CONCLUSIONS: The gestational age- and gender-specific differences in carboxyhemoglobin levels and the relationship with dysregulated microvascular blood flow, a state related to greater illness severity and hypotension, are novel findings not confined solely to sick preterm infants. Both inducible heme oxygenase-dependent and non–heme oxygenase-dependent pathways may initially play a central role in carbon monoxide production, inducing pathophysiologic processes in a gender-specific manner.
Effects of Oseltamivir on Influenza-Related Complications in Children With Chronic Medical Conditions
Authors: Piedra Pedro A. , Schulman Kathy L. , Blumentals William A. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the influence of oseltamivir on influenza-related complications and hospitalizations for children and adolescents, 1 to 17 years of age, with chronic medical conditions or neurologic or neuromuscular disease.METHODS: In a retrospective study, outcomes for patients who were given oseltamivir within 1 day after influenza diagnosis were compared with those for patients who received no antiviral therapy. Anonymous data from MarketScan databases (Thomson Reuters, Cambridge, MA) were used to identify patients from 6 influenza seasons between 2000 and 2006. The study outcomes were frequencies of pneumonia, respiratory illnesses other than pneumonia, otitis media, and hospitalization.RESULTS: Oseltamivir was prescribed for 1634 patients according to the study criteria, and 3721 patients received no antiviral therapy for their influenza. After adjustment for demographic and medical history variables, oseltamivir was associated with significant reductions in the risks of respiratory illnesses other than pneumonia, otitis media and its complications, and all-cause hospitalization in the 14 days after influenza diagnosis. Analyses for 30 days after influenza diagnosis also showed significant risk reductions for respiratory illnesses other than pneumonia, otitis media and its complications, and all-cause hospitalization with oseltamivir.CONCLUSION: When it was prescribed at influenza diagnosis, oseltamivir was associated with reduced risks of influenza-related complications and hospitalizations for children and adolescents at high risk of influenza complications.
Are Outcomes and Care Processes for Preterm Neonates Influenced by Health Insurance Status?
Authors: Brandon Gwieneverea D. , Adeniyi-Jones Susan , Kirkby Sharon , Webb David , Culhane Jennifer F. , Greenspan Jay S. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to compare the processes of care and to evaluate outcomes of premature neonates delivered to women with Medicaid managed care versus private insurance.
DESIGN/METHODS: All of the infants born at &lt;37 weeks' gestation between January 2001 and August 2005 in the ParadigmHealth database were included in these analyses (n = 24151). Infants were categorized by maternal health insurance status as private insurance or Medicaid managed care and analyzed for differences in demographic data and length of stay. For survivors, differences in respiratory care, nutritional, and maturational milestones were assessed. In addition, age to wean to open crib, weight gain, home oxygen, and apnea monitor use were compared. Adverse outcomes, including necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, severe retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, apnea, and mortality, were compared. Statistical tests used were Students t test, χ2, and Kruskall-Wallis test. Multiple logistic regression was performed after controlling for demographic variables.
RESULTS: Of the 24151 infants studied, 19046 (78.9%) had private insurance, and 5105 (21.1%) had Medicaid managed care. There were no differences in gestational age at birth; however, Medicaid managed care infants had lower birth weight, lower Apgar score at 5 minutes, increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and bacterial sepsis, and longer length of stay. Of the surviving infants, more neonates with private insurance went home on oxygen and apnea monitors despite no differences found in the incidences of apnea or bronchopulmonary dysplasia between the groups. There were no differences in processes of care for feeding and respiratory milestones, but infants with Medicaid managed care weaned to an open crib later and had greater overall weight gain compared with infants with private insurance.
CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that, in addition to the known impact of insurance status on well-being at birth, Medicaid managed care is independently associated with adverse neonatal outcomes in preterm infants, as well as differences in neonatal intensive care discharge processes.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome After Infectious Mononucleosis in Adolescents
Authors: Katz Ben Z. , Shiraishi Yukiko , Mears Cynthia J. , Binns Helen J. , Taylor Renee 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to characterize prospectively the course and outcome of chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents during a 2-year period after infectious mononucleosis.METHODS: A total of 301 adolescents (12–18 years of age) with infectious mononucleosis were identified and screened for nonrecovery 6 months after infectious mononucleosis by using a telephone screening interview. Nonrecovered adolescents underwent a medical evaluation, with follow-up screening 12 and 24 months after infectious mononucleosis. After blind review, final diagnoses of chronic fatigue syndrome at 6, 12, and 24 months were made by using established pediatric criteria.RESULTS: Six, 12, and 24 months after infectious mononucleosis, 13%, 7%, and 4% of adolescents, respectively, met the criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome. Most individuals recovered with time; only 2 adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome at 24 months seemed to have recovered or had an explanation for chronic fatigue at 12 months but then were reclassified as having chronic fatigue syndrome at 24 months. All 13 adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome 24 months after infectious mononucleosis were female and, on average, they reported greater fatigue severity at 12 months. Reported use of steroid therapy during the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis did not increase the risk of developing chronic fatigue syndrome.CONCLUSIONS: Infectious mononucleosis may be a risk factor for chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents. Female gender and greater fatigue severity, but not reported steroid use during the acute illness, were associated with the development of chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents. Additional research is needed to determine other predictors of persistent fatigue after infectious mononucleosis.
Elevated Cerebral Pressure Passivity Is Associated With Prematurity-Related Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: O'Leary Heather , Gregas Matthew C. , Limperopoulos Catherine , Zaretskaya Irina , Bassan Haim , Soul Janet S. , Di Salvo Donald N. , du Plessis Adré J. 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVES: Cerebral pressure passivity is common in sick premature infants and may predispose to germinal matrix/intraventricular hemorrhage (GM/IVH), a lesion with potentially serious consequences. We studied the association between the magnitude of cerebral pressure passivity and GM/IVH.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled infants &lt;32 weeks' gestational age with indwelling mean arterial pressure (MAP) monitoring and excluded infants with known congenital syndromes or antenatal brain injury. We recorded continuous MAP and cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy hemoglobin difference (HbD) signals at 2 Hz for up to 12 hours/day and up to 5 days. Coherence and transfer function analysis between MAP and HbD signals was performed in 3 frequency bands (0.05–0.25, 0.25–0.5, and 0.5–1.0 Hz). Using MAP-HbD gain and clinical variables (including chorioamnionitis, Apgar scores, gestational age, birth weight, neonatal sepsis, and Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology II), we built a logistic regression model that best predicts cranial ultrasound abnormalities.
RESULTS: In 88 infants (median gestational age: 26 weeks [range 23–30 weeks]), early cranial ultrasound showed GM/IVH in 31 (37%) and parenchymal echodensities in 10 (12%) infants; late cranial ultrasound showed parenchymal abnormalities in 19 (30%) infants. Low-frequency MAP-HbD gain (highest quartile mean) was significantly associated with early GM/IVH but not other ultrasound findings. The most parsimonious model associated with early GM/IVH included only gestational age and MAP-HbD gain.
CONCLUSIONS: This novel cerebrovascular monitoring technique allows quantification of cerebral pressure passivity as MAP-HbD gain in premature infants. High MAP-HbD gain is significantly associated with GM/IVH. Precise temporal and causal relationship between MAP-HbD gain and GM/IVH awaits further study.
Urinary Tract Infections in 1- to 3-Month-Old Infants: Ambulatory Treatment With Intravenous Antibiotics
Authors: Doré-Bergeron Marie-Joëlle , Gauthier Marie , Chevalier Isabelle , McManus Barbara , Tapiero Bruce , Lebrun Sylvie 
Published: June 2009

OBJECTIVE: The goal was to examine the feasibility of outpatient management for 1- to 3-month-old infants with febrile urinary tract infections.METHODS: A cohort study was performed with all children 30 to 90 days of age who were evaluated for presumed febrile urinary tract infections in the emergency department of a tertiary-care pediatric hospital between January 1, 2005, and September 30, 2007. Patients were treated with intravenously administered antibiotics as outpatients in a day treatment center unless they met exclusion criteria, in which case they were hospitalized.RESULTS: Of 118 infants included in the study, 67 (56.8%) were admitted to the day treatment center and 51 (43.2%) were hospitalized. The median age of day treatment center patients was 66 days (range: 33–85 days). The diagnosis of urinary tract infection was confirmed for 86.6% of patients treated in the day treatment center. Escherichia coli was identified in 84.5% of urine cultures; 98.3% of isolates were sensitive to gentamicin. Six blood cultures (10.3%) yielded positive results, 5 of them for E coli. Treatment with intravenously administered antibiotics in the day treatment center lasted a mean of 2.7 days. The mean number of visits, including appointments for voiding cystourethrography, was 2.9 visits. The rate of parental compliance with day treatment center visits was 98.3%. Intravenous access problems were seen in 8.6% of cases. Successful treatment in the day treatment center (defined as attendance at all visits, normalization of temperature within 48 hours, negative control urine and blood culture results, if cultures were performed, and absence of hospitalization from the day treatment center) was obtained for 86.2% of patients with confirmed urinary tract infections.CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory treatment of infants 30 to 90 days of age with febrile urinary tract infections by using short-term, intravenous antibiotic therapy at a day treatment center is feasible.