bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small but mighty: How the MACS®‐technology based on nanosized superparamagnetic particles has helped to analyze the immune system within the last 20 years
Authors: Grützkau Andreas , Radbruch Andreas 
Published: May 2010

AbstractToday, magnetic cell sorting and flow cytometric cell sorting both are state‐of‐the‐art technologies, with a plethora of applications in biology and biomedicine. Both technologies have their stand‐alone applications, but they also perfectly complement each other, in particular for the analysis and isolation of fragile and rare cells. The technological evolution from simple magnets and steel wool separation columns to sophisticated instrumentation and automated procedures has paved the way for magnetic cell separation in the scientific community. This review will focus on applications of magnetic cell sorting with commercially available paramagnetic MACS®‐nanoparticles (Miltenyi Biotech, Bergisch‐Gladbach, Germany) that have allowed unprecedented approaches to the exploration of the immune system in basal and clinical research of humans and rodents. Thus, during the last 20 years this technology has been continuously developed so that the widest array of leukocyte subsets, stem cells, and connective tissue cells can be addressed by MACS®‐conjugated antibodies directed against cell‐specific surface antigens or secreted cytokines for research and clinical applications. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Vaginocervical stimulation of Ewes induces the rapid formation of a new bond with an alien young without interfering with a previous bond
Authors: Lévy F. , Keller M. , Cornilleau F. , Moussu C. , Ferreira G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEwes form a selective olfactory memory for their lambs after 2 hr of mother–young interaction following parturition. Mothers will subsequently reject any strange lamb at suckling. The present study investigated whether artificial vaginocervical stimulation (VCS) allows the formation of a selective bond with an unfamiliar lamb and whether it interferes with the maintenance of the bond formed with the familiar lamb. At 2 hr postpartum, mothers were separated from their familiar lamb after having formed a selective bond with it and were given 10 min of mechanical VCS. In the “VCS + lamb” group (n = 24) an unfamiliar lamb was left with the ewe for 2 hr whereas in the “VCS no lamb” group (n = 26) the mother was left alone for the same period of time. Ewes of the “no VCS” group (n = 14) did not receive any VCS. In the majority of animals of the “VCS + lamb” group (23/24) VCS induced a complete acceptance of the unfamiliar lamb without any disruption of the bond previously formed with the familiar lamb. VCS or 2 hr of separation did not disrupt the maintenance of the selective bond initially formed with the familiar lamb since all the ewes of the “VCS no lamb” and “no VCS” groups accepted it at suckling. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 537–544, 2010.
Quantitation of valproic acid in pharmaceutical preparations using dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection without prior derivatization
Authors: Sobhi Hamid Reza , Kashtiaray Amir , Farahani Hadi , Abrahimpour Farshad , Esrafili Ali 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction (DLLME), coupled with gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection (GC‐FID), has been successfully used for the extraction and determination of valproic acid (VPA) in pharmaceutical preparations. In the developed method, an appropriate mixture of extracting and disperser solvents was rapidly injected into an aqueous sample. Having formed a cloudy solution, the mixture was centrifuged and then the extracting solvent was sedimented at the bottom of a conical test tube. The extract was then injected into a GC system directly, without any further pretreatment. Initially, microextraction efficiency factors were optimized and the optimum experimental conditions found were as follows: tetrachloroethylene (9.0 µL) as extracting solvent; acetone (1.0 mL) as disperser solvent; 5 mL acidic aqueous sample (pH 1) without salt addition. Under the selected conditions, the calibration curve showed linearity in the range of 0.1–5.0 mg/L with regression coefficient corresponding to 0.9998. The limit of detection was found to be 0.05 mg/L. Finally, the method was applied for the determination of VPA in two different pharmaceutical preparations. A reasonable intra‐assay (3.9–10.8%, n = 3) and inter‐assay (5.6–11.4%, n = 3) precision illustrated the good performance of the analytical procedure. The protocol proved to be rapid and cost‐effective for screening purposes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of adenomatous polyposis coli (apc) results in an expanded ciliary marginal zone in the zebrafish eye
Authors: Stephens W. Zac , Senecal Megan , Nguyen Minhtu , Piotrowski Tatjana 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe distal region of neural retina (ciliary marginal zone [CMZ]) contains stem cells that produce non‐neural and neuronal progenitors. We provide a detailed gene expression analysis of the eyes of apc mutant zebrafish where the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is constitutively active. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling leads to an expansion of the CMZ accompanied by a central shift of the retinal identity gene sox2 and the proneural gene atoh7. This suggests an important role for peripheral Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in regulating the expression and localization of neurogenic genes in the central retina. Retinal identity genes rx1 and vsx2, as well as meis1 and pax6a act upstream of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation. Peripheral cells that likely contain stem cells can be identified by the expression of follistatin, otx1, and axin2 and the lack of expression of myca and cyclinD1. Our results introduce the zebrafish apc mutation as a new model to study signaling pathways regulating the CMZ. Developmental Dynamics 239:2066–2077, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of vertebrate embryogenesis by the exon junction complex core component Eif4a3
Authors: Haremaki Tomomi , Sridharan Jyotsna , Dvora Shira , Weinstein Daniel C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe establishment and maintenance of cellular identity are ultimately dependent upon the accurate regulation of gene expression, the process by which genetic information is used to synthesize functional gene products. The post‐transcriptional, pre‐translational regulation of RNA constitutes RNA processing, which plays a prominent role in the modulation of gene expression in differentiated animal cells. The multi‐protein Exon Junction Complex (EJC) serves as a critical signaling hub within the network that underlies many RNA processing events. Here, we identify a requirement for the EJC during early vertebrate embryogenesis. Knockdown of the EJC component Eukaryotic initiation factor 4a3 (Eif4a3) in embryos of the frog Xenopus laevis results in full‐body paralysis, with defects in sensory neuron, pigment cell, and cardiac development; similar phenotypes are seen following knockdown of other “core” EJC protein constituents. Our studies point to an essential role for the EJC in the development of neural plate border derivatives. Developmental Dynamics 239:1977–1987, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A functional NR4A nuclear receptor DNA‐binding domain is required for organ development in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Heard Melissa , Maina Claude V. , Morehead Benjamin E. , Hoener Marius C. , Nguyen Tri Q. , Williams Christopher C. , Rowan Brian G. , Gissendanner Chris R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractNR4A nuclear receptors are a diverse group of orphan nuclear receptors with critical roles in regulating cell proliferation and cell differentiation. The ortholog of the NR4A nuclear receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans, NHR‐6, also has a role in cell proliferation and cell differentiation during organogenesis of the spermatheca. Here we show that NHR‐6 is able to bind the canonical NR4A monomer response element and can transactivate from this site in mammalian HEK293 cells. Using a functional GFP‐tagged NHR‐6 fusion, we also demonstrate that NHR‐6 is nuclear localized during development of the spermatheca. Mutation of the DNA‐binding domain of NHR‐6 abolishes its activity in genetic rescue assays, demonstrating a requirement for the DNA‐binding domain. This study represents the first genetic demonstration of an in vivo requirement for an NR4A nuclear receptor DNA‐binding domain in a whole organism. genesis 48:485–491, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and function of central cell in angiosperm female gametophyte
Authors: Liu Yan , Yan Zhiqiang , Chen Ni , Di Xiaotang , Huang Junjun , Guo Guangqin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe central cell characterizes the angiosperm female gametophyte (embryo sac or megagametophyte) in that it directly participates in “double fertilization” to initiate endosperm development, a feature distinguishing angiosperm from all other plant taxa. Polygonum‐type central cell is a binucleate cell that, upon fertilization with one of the two sperm cells, forms triploid endosperm to nourish embryo development. Although the formation and the structure of central cell have well been elucidated, the molecular mechanisms for its specification and development remain largely unknown. The central cell plays a critical role in pollen tube guidance during pollination and in endosperm initiation after fertilization. Recently, a group of mutants affecting specific steps of central cell development and function have been identified, providing some clues in understanding these questions. This review summarizes our current knowledge about central cell development and function, and presents overview about hypotheses for its evolution. genesis 48:466–478, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidative stability and acceptability of camelina oil blended with selected fish oils
Authors: Eidhin Deirdre Ní , O'Beirne David 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effects of blending camelina oil with a number of fish oils on oxidative stability and fishy odour were evaluated. Camelina oil was found to be more stable than tuna oil, ‘omega‐3’ fish oil and salmon oil as indicated by predominantly lower ρ‐anisidine (AV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated triene levels (CT) during storage at 60 °C for 20 days (p < 0.05). Peroxide values (PV) were similar for all oils until Day 13 when values for camelina oil were higher. Values for blends of the fish oils (50, 25, 15, 5%) with camelina oil were generally between those of their respective bulk oils indicating a dilution effect. Camelina oil had a similar odour score (p < 0.05) to sunflower oil (9.2 and 9.6, respectively) indicating, as expected, an absence of fishy odours. In comparison, the fish oils had lower scores of 6.1 to 6.6 (p < 0.05) indicating mild to moderate fishy odours. Odour scores were improved at the 25% fish oil levels (p < 0.05) and were not different to camelina oil at the 15 or 5% levels (p < 0.05).Practical applications: Camelina oil is a potentially important functional food ingredient providing beneficial n‐3 PUFA. Oil extracted from Camelina sativa seeds contains greater than 50% polyunsaturated fatty acids of which 35‐40% is α‐linolenic acid (C18:3ω3, ALA), an essential omega‐3 fatty acid 1. While EPA and DHA from fish oils are more potent nutritionally, they are less stable than ALA. This work evaluated innovative blends of fish oil with camelina oil for stability and acceptability. The results demonstrate that there is potential for use of blends of camelina oil with fish oils in food products, as the results show some benefits in terms of reduction of fishy odours. Such information could be valuable in relation to formulation of food products containing high levels of n‐3 PUFA from both plant and fish sources.
Frying stability of canola oil in presence of pumpkin seed and olive oils
Authors: Ardabili Ashraf Gohari , Farhoosh Reza , Khodaparast Mohammad Hossein Haddad 
Published: May 2010

AbstractFrying performance of canola oil (CO) was investigated in the presence of 5, 10, and 15% levels of virgin olive oil (VOO) and pumpkin seed oil (PSO) during frying of potatoes at 180°C. Acid value, carbonyl value, total polar compounds content, and total tocopherols content of the oil samples were determined during the frying process. VOO and PSO addition improved the frying stability of the CO. Frying performance of the CO increased more in the presence of PSO than in the presence of the VOO. The PSO levels higher than 5% exerted pro‐oxidant effects, indicating the necessity of investigation at lower levels. The better antioxidative effect of PSO was attributed to its probably different phenolic composition.
Natural polyphenols as chain‐breaking antioxidants during methyl linoleate peroxidation
Authors: Tichonov Ivan , Roginsky Vitaly , Pliss Evgeny 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA technique based on monitoring oxygen consumption was applied to study 11 natural and model polyphenols (PP, QH2) as well as four typical monophenolics as a chain‐breaking antioxidant during the controlled chain oxidation of methyl linoleate (ML) in bulk at 37°C. The antioxidant activities of QH2 were characterized by two parameters: the rate constant k1 for reaction of QH2 with the peroxy radical ${\rm LO}_{2}^{{\bf .}} $: (i) QH2 + ${\rm LO}_{2}^{{\bf .}} $ → ${\rm QH}^{{\bf .}} $ + LOOH and the stoichiometric factor of inhibition, f, which shows how many kinetic chains may be terminated by one molecule of QH2. The rate constant k1 were reduced significantly by factor of 4 –28 as compared to these determined during the oxidation of styrene in bulk; the effect was typically more pronounced for catechol derivatives than for pyrogallol derivatives. At the same time, f for QH2 was found to be close to two independent of the number of active OH groups, similar to that determined earlier during the inhibited oxidation of styrene. The formation of H bond between OH group of QH2 and carboxyl group of ML is suggested as a reason for reducing effect of ML on k1.Practical applications: This work reports rate constants for the reaction of lipid peroxyl radical with phenolics and stoichiometric coefficient of inhibition, which characterize the antioxidant activity (AOA) of 15 natural and model PP, QH2 during the controlled peroxidation of ML. The reactivity of PP, QH2 during the oxidation of ML is routinely lower than the reactivity during the oxidation of non‐polar model hydrocarbons. This information may be useful to estimate the AOA of natural PP, QH2 in real systems of practical significance including plant oils, fats, food‐stuffs, biological objects, and similar.
Imaging technique for quantification of oil palm fruit ripeness and oil content
Authors: Tan Yew Ai , Low Kum Wan , Lee Chak Khiam , Low Kum Sang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigated a non‐destructive technique for measuring the colour of oil palm fruit (Elaeis guineensis) bunches at different stages of maturity and correlating the colour data with the oil content in the fruit bunch. A digital red, green and blue (RGB) camera was used to capture the image of palm fruits and hue histograms were then constructed from mathematically transformed RGB data. The dominant hue peaks were then correlated to the oil content of fresh fruit bunches (FFBs). The study showed that the results obtained were influenced by FFB that possessed different expressions of colour changes during the ripening process. The results obtained from colour image analyses were not satisfactory – the correlation between hue peak and FFB oil content was r = 0.7933. However, when FFB having the same ripening patterns were analysed, the correlation was very much improved with r = 0.9519. Thus, statistical evaluation showed that the digital imaging technique for determining FFB oil content can be successfully used on a homogeneous population of palms that display similar change of colour during the ripening process.Practical applications: The ability to correctly identify physiological maturity and harvest maturity of palm fruits by phenological characteristics will ensure timely harvest to avoid cutting of either under‐ and over‐ripe fruits. The Malaysian Palm Oil Board [MPOB] 1 has published an oil palm fruit grading manual outlining 16 classifications for grading FFB ripeness and quality. However, the FFB grading methods are still very subjective, i.e. depend on the judgement, experience and skill of a person. In addition, the methods do not provide quantitative information about the oil in the FFB. The method reported in this paper allows for rapid screening of FFB ripeness, and relate it to oil content in the FFB and accordingly the amount of oil that can be extracted from a consignment of FFB. Since it only takes a few seconds to capture signals, the system could be incorporated for on‐line monitoring of FFB ripeness and oil content thereof.
Cell surface analysis of the lipid‐discharging obligate hydrocarbonoclastic species of the genus Alcanivorax
Authors: Lange Alvin Brian , Tenberge Klaus Bernhard , Robenek Horst , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study presents novel information useful for addressing the question how species of the genus Alcanivorax discharge triacylglycerols (TAG) and/or wax esters (WE). The observed structures were referred as “blebs” according to Gauthier et al. 1 to avoid confusion with other discharging phenomena. The cells were aerobically cultivated on solid media and not in liquid media to maintain the cells in the native state, and were investigated by transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) methods to document the surface structures of the cells. The phenomenon of lipid export could be allocated to three phases: phase I: protrusion formation of the cell membrane occurred; phase II: discharging progressed further with blebs becoming larger; and phase III: the blebs at the cell surface were separated from the cells. Using freeze‐fracture micrographs by TEM, vesicle experiments and TLC, we have shown that the blebs contained TAGs and WEs. The results shown in this study will support further research to unravel the unknown discharging mechanism. In addition, the formation of an extensive extracellular matrix was observed by SEM.
Changes in virgin olive oil characteristics during different storage conditions
Authors: Stefanoudaki Evagelia , Williams Mark , Harwood John 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this study we have examined the effect of olive oil storage outdoors on a comprehensive series of quality measures. The conditions used were at the extreme of those encountered during the production of bottle oil. Filtered and unfiltered oils were compared as was the influence of inert gas (nitrogen) in the headspace. Increases in K232, K270 and peroxides over time were very much reduced by inert headspace gas, which also reduced losses of total phenols and oxidative stability. Headspace nitrogen also reduced the rise in unconjugated phenolics as secoiridoid derivatives declined and minimised losses in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The pattern of volatile compounds detected in olive oils stored indoors or outdoors showed subtle differences. Moreover, when stored with air exposure the levels of some negative sensory components such as penten‐3‐ol and hexanal increased while other positives, like trans‐2‐hexenal were reduced. These changes would be expected to reduce quality. Finally, Panel tests were used. All oils lost perceived quality on storage and this was accelerated outdoors while headspace nitrogen slowed the deterioration significantly. Our data show that storage outdoors for 4 months in winter does not reduce olive oil quality significantly and that an inert gas in the headspace is beneficial.Practical applications: The storage of olive oil for bottling is carried out under a variety of conditions. Here we assess the effects of storage outdoors for oils from the main Greek cultivar (Koroneiki) of olive. Detailed analyses of quality (standard measures, different phenolics, lipids and volatiles) as well as Panel tests were used for evaluation. Our data show that, although storage outdoors causes deterioration quicker than indoors, changes are not serious up to 4 months. Furthermore, the use of an inert headspace gas significantly preserved quality both indoors and outdoors. Thus we would strongly recommend the latter measure to producers.
Comparative toxicity and bioconcentration of nonylphenol in freshwater organisms
Authors: Spehar Robert L. , Brooke Larry T. , Markee Thomas P. , Kahl Michael D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDegradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates to more persistent alkylphenols such as nonylphenol occurs in wastewater treatment plants where nonylphenol is released to aquatic systems. In this study, acute and chronic tests were conducted to determine the toxicity and bioconcentration of nonylphenol to freshwater organisms for use in deriving national water quality criteria. Acute median effect concentrations (EC50s) based on loss of equilibrium, immobility, and lethality for species representing several taxonomic groups ranged from 21 to 596 µg/L. The EC50s were up to a factor of 2 less than median lethal concentrations (LC50s) and decreased with time over the test periods of 24 to 96 h. In chronic tests, early life stages of rainbow trout were 14 times more sensitive to nonylphenol than in acute tests and approximately 20 times more sensitive than Daphnia magna exposed over their complete life cycle. Comparisons of chronic test endpoints showed that 20% effect concentrations (EC20s), determined by regression testing, and chronic values, determined by hypothesis testing, were similar for both the rainbow trout and Daphnia magna. The lowest mean tissue–effect concentrations of nonylphenol appeared to be greater for the fathead minnow than bluegill, and ranged from approximately 130 to 160 µg/g after 96-h exposure and from approximately 20 to 90 µg/g after 28-d exposure. Mean lipid normalized bioconcentration factors (BCFs) associated with no-effect concentrations were approximately 180 and 50 for the fathead minnow and bluegill, respectively. The present test results suggest that long-term exposures to nonylphenol at concentrations found in some surface waters could adversely impact sensitive components of freshwater communities. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2104–2111. © 2010 SETAC