bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic management of primary cholecystoduodenal fistula: A case report and brief literature review
Authors: Alfonso Anjelica , McFarland Kimberly N. , Savsani Kush , Lee Seung , Imai Daisuke , Khan Aamir , Sharma Amit , Saeed Muhammad , Kumaran Vinay , Cotterell Adrian , Bruno David , Levy Marlon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCholecystoduodenal fistula (CDF) arises from persistent biliary tree disorders, causing fusion between the gallbladder and duodenum. Initially, open resection was common until laparoscopic fistula closure gained popularity. However, complexities within the gallbladder fossa yielded inconsistent outcomes. Advanced imaging and robotic surgery now enhance precision and detection.MethodA 62‐year‐old woman with chronic cholangitis attributed to cholecystoduodenal fistula underwent successful robotic cholecystectomy and fistula closure.ResultsPostoperatively, the symptoms subsided with no complications during the robotic procedure. Existing studies report favourable outcomes for robotic cholecystectomy and fistula closure.ConclusionsOur case report showcases a rare instance of successful robotic cholecystectomy with CDF closure. This case, along with a review of previous cases, suggests the potential of robotic surgery as the preferred approach, especially for patients anticipated to face significant laparoscopic morbidity.
Long‐term 4R nitrogen management in dryland wheat–fallow systems
Authors: Yost Matt A. , Cartee Ray , Davis Brad , Cardon Grant , Creech Earl , Rasmussen Phil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral short‐term studies have investigated 4R (right source, rate, time, and place) N management for dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production and profitability, but few long‐term studies exist in the United States or abroad. This study evaluated long‐term impacts of several aspects of 4R N management on dryland hard red wheat yield, protein, and return to N. Experiments were conducted at Nephi and Blue Creek, UT, during 1995–2007. Fourteen N treatments evaluated performance of starter fertilizer, fall applications of anhydrous ammonia (AA) with and without nitrapyrin (AA‐Nitrapyrin and AA, respectively), and several split applications in the fall and spring. Across years, winter wheat required N to increase yield, protein, and returns at both sites. Applying 56 kg N ha−1 as AA in the fall usually produced the best return to N compared to other N treatments. Starter N (6 kg N ha−1) at fall planting rarely increased yield, protein, or returns at either site. Across both sites, nitrapyrin increased mean annual yield by 0.6 Mg ha−1 and mean return to N by $150 ha−1. Spring application of N was rarely required and only increased yield in 13% of the years. Results indicate that nitrapryin is often needed with fall AA applications to optimize yield and returns and that starter N or extra N in the spring are rarely economical in dryland wheat in Utah and possibly the greater Intermountain West. Further, N rate had the most influence among 4Rs on wheat production and should be the focus of future efforts to improve 4R stewardship.
Synthesis and Reactions of 3‐Amino‐5,6‐Dimethyl‐l,2,4‐Triazine: DFT Studies, ADME Assay, and Molecular Docking on the new l,2,4‐Triazine Derivatives as Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Hussain Aisha O. , Hassan Aisha Y. , Abdel‐Aziem Anhar , Abou‐Amra Eman S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo effective one‐pot synthesis procedures were proposed for the synthesis of 3‐amino‐5,6‐dimethyl‐l,2,4‐triazine under free solvent conditions; these methods included fusing the monohydrazide of biacetyl with either methyl carbamimidothioate (Method B) or cyanamide (Method C). Simple reaction conditions, an easy work‐up process, and facile separation characterize the ecologically friendly fusion process used in techniques B and C. The results from methods B and C indicated the existence of amino‐imino prototropic tautomerism. The triazine in method C had a different melting point and had unusual mass spectral behavior, suggesting that it was in the imino‐tautomer form, as opposed to the amino‐tautomer form discovered in procedure B. The strong electron‐withdrawing activity of the triazine ring appears to deactivate the 3‐amino group, which in turn triggers the production of additional triazine derivatives (3–12), with yields ranging from 54% to 82%. To characterize the structure of the newly synthesized compounds, 1H, 13C‐NMR, and mass spectrometry were employed. The compounds that were created underwent testing at the National Cancer Institute. According to the screening results, conjugates 9 and 10 were successful against most of the cancer cell line subpanels. With the use of DFT, we conducted theoretical studies on compounds 9 and 10. Topological studies, including ELF, LOL, and RDG, were used to identify the main binding sites and weak interactions of the target derivatives. The synthesized compounds that have promising properties are subjected to a pharmacological examination using Swiss‐ADME. Cox‐1 (PDB ID: 3KK6) is the target of molecular docking experiments that aim to identify the anticancer active site of the derivatives of interest.
Recent advances of copolymer for water treatment
Authors: Alruwais Raja Saad , Adeosun Waheed A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreasing water pollution due to anthropogenic activities prompts the quest for an effective water treatment method. Polymeric materials have gained attention as adsorbents for water purification. Membranes are majorly made from homopolymeric materials. However, recent studies have focused on using copolymeric materials for improved performance. In this review, the basics of copolymerization including various types of copolymers, synthetic approaches, and their applications in various water pollutants removal are discussed in detail. Advances in water treatment technology using copolymeric materials as adsorbent/membranes in the last 4 years are covered with insights into the future outlook and areas of improvement in terms of copolymer composites for water treatment. Studies from the literature did not only reveal effectiveness of copolymer as a flocculant/antifouling materials and in removal of selective toxic metals, oil, and microbes but also demonstrated recyclability of the copolymer sorbents/membrane. Full exploration of unique copolymer textural and structural properties could lead to great advancement in water treatment process.Practitioner Points
The copolymer types and synthetic methods are discussed.
Application of copolymer as adsorbent/membranes for water treatment is presented.
Recent advances show good pollutants removal for toxic metals, oil, and organics.
Copolymer composites have great potential as adsorbent/membranes for future use in water treatment processes.
Blueprints for Deploying Privacy Enhancing Technologies in E-Government
Authors: Kamm Liina , Bogdanov Dan , Brito Eduardo , Ostrak Andre 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGovernments are increasingly becoming providers of data-driven services to both citizens and organisations. As the number of these services grows, the government will store greater amounts of personal and company data. Data minimisation and data protection can be legal obligations, especially for governments that have passed data protection and privacy regulations. However, even without such regulation, processing only as much data as is necessary, is good information security practice. In this paper, we give an overview of how we put together a Privacy Enhancing Technology (PET) concept and roadmap for an e-government, including motivations, an adoption strategy and blueprints for services that benefit from PETs.
Empirical Evaluation of Synthetic Data Created by Generative Models via Attribute Inference Attack
Authors: Kwatra Saloni , Torra Vicenç 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe disclosure risk of synthetic/artificial data is still being determined. Studies show that synthetic data generation techniques generate similar data to the original data and sometimes even the exact original data. Therefore, publishing synthetic datasets can endanger the privacy of users. In our work, we study the synthetic data generated from different synthetic data generation techniques, including the most recent diffusion models. We perform a disclosure risk assessment of synthetic datasets via an attribute inference attack, in which an attacker has access to a subset of publicly available features and at least one synthesized dataset, and the aim is to infer the sensitive features unknown to the attacker. We also compute the predictive accuracy and F1 score of the random forest classifier trained on several synthetic datasets. For sensitive categorical features, we show that Attribute Inference Attack is not highly feasible or successful. In contrast, for continuous attributes, we can have an approximate inference. This holds true for the synthetic datasets derived from Diffusion models, GANs, and DPGANs, which shows that we can only have approximated Attribute Inference, not the exact Attribute Inference.
Love numbers and Love symmetries for p-form and gravitational perturbations of higher-dimensional spherically symmetric black holes
Authors: Charalambous Panagiotis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The static Love numbers of four-dimensional asymptotically flat, isolated, general-relativistic black holes are known to be identically vanishing. The Love symmetry proposal suggests that such vanishings are addressed by selection rules following from the emergence of an enhanced $$\mathrm{SL }\left(2,{\mathbb{R}}\right)$$ (“Love”) symmetry in the near-zone region; more specifically, it is the fact that the black hole perturbations belong to a highest-weight representation of this near-zone $$\mathrm{SL }\left(2,{\mathbb{R}}\right)$$ symmetry, rather than the existence of the Love symmetry itself, that outputs the vanishings of the corresponding Love numbers. In higher spacetime dimensions, some towers of magic zeroes with regards to the black hole response problem have also been reported for scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations of the Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black hole. Here, we extend these results by supplementing with p-form perturbations of the Schwarzschild-Tangherlini black hole. We furthermore analytically extract the static Love numbers and the leading order dissipation numbers associated with spin-0 scalar and spin-2 tensor-type tidal perturbations of the higher-dimensional Reissner-Nordström black hole. We find that Love symmetries exist and that the vanishings of the static Love numbers are captured by representation theory arguments even for these higher spin perturbations of the higher-dimensional spherically symmetric black holes of General Relativity. Interestingly, these near-zone $$\mathrm{SL }\left(2,{\mathbb{R}}\right)$$ structures acquire extensions to Witt algebras. Our setup allows to also study the p-form response problem of a static spherically symmetric black hole in a generic theory of gravity. We perform explicit computations for some black holes in the presence of string-theoretic corrections and investigate under what geometric conditions Love symmetries emerge in the near-zone.
Equidistribution of hyperbolic groups in homogeneous spaces
Authors: Gekhtman Ilya , Taylor Samuel J. , Tiozzo Giulio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove that infinite orbits of Zariski dense hyperbolic groups equidistribute in homogeneous spaces, in the sense that the family of measures obtained by averaging along spheres in the Cayley graph converges to Haar measure.
Presentation of pharmacological content in crime novels between 1890 and 2023
Authors: Möller Iven H. , Seifert Roland 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs there is lack of research on how drugs are presented in crime literature, we read nearly 25,000 pages of crime literature written between 1890 and 2023 to provide an overview on the pharmacological content in this genre. Correct presentation of pharmacological information decreased over time. Misconceptions about certain substances, especially narcotics and anesthetics appear in many of the analyzed examples. Also, in comparison with crime TV series, books are inferior in providing the reader with additional information and pharmacological plausibility. This especially applies for the newer books which contained less additional information than the older ones. In contrast, some books educate their readers. Newer books show a greater variety of substances also introducing recently developed drugs or new ways of application. On the contrary, older books stick to a small selection of well-known substances during that time, especially metals like arsenic and toxins like strychnine. Gender involvement in poisoning is not realistically presented in the novels. Male victims are overrepresented compared to reality. Also, the etiology is commonly presented incorrectly. Poisoning by accident or for suicidal purposes are rarely presented in the novels, despite their significance in reality. Overall, crime novels educate but also misinform their readers. We discuss the consequences of our findings for the individual reader and public health.
The forgotten fruit (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) and its chemical composition: a review
Authors: Ňorbová Monika , Vollmannová Alena , Fedorková Silvia , Musilová Janette , Lidiková Judita 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNatural plant sources, particularly the fruits of several lesser-known species, are receiving increasing amounts of attention because they contain a variety of bioactive compounds that are advantageous to human health. The production of easy-to-grow, already-used, and full of nutrients crops could be a solution to the growing problem of a lack of healthful food. One such fruit is the quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), which belongs to the Rosaceae family that originated in the Caucasian area and extends to other parts of the world. Quince has been studied for decades because of its unique importance in food and medicine. The characteristic pear-shaped fruit is golden yellow in appearance and has an aromatic, and acidic flavour. The low-fat fruit is rich in numerous necessary nutrients, minerals, dietary fibre, and antioxidants that have significant positive effects on health, but due to its bitterness, it is underutilized. Quince can be utilised as a raw material to create a variety of food products and is a good source of natural phenolic antioxidants, providing significant functional characteristics.
Single-port robot-assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Soputro Nicolas A. , Kaouk Jihad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To provide a comprehensive update on the different techniques and outcomes of contemporary Single-Port (SP) Robotic Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) approaches.

Methods
A literature review was performed to identify cohort studies that have utilized the purpose-built SP robotic platform (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, California) for RARP. All published approaches of SP-RARP were included in our review. Baseline clinical, perioperative, and postoperative oncological and functional outcomes were collected from the included studies.

Results
A total of 16 studies involving 1159 patients were identified. To date, five approaches of SP-RARP have been described, namely Transperitoneal, Extraperitoneal, Retzius-Sparing, Transperineal, and Transvesical. The surgical steps and clinical outcomes of the aforementioned approaches were discussed. While operating times were still faster in the Transperitoneal and Extraperitoneal cohorts, the novel and more regionalized Transvesical approach allowed for radical prostatectomy to be pursued in more patients with previous abdominal surgeries and contributed to significantly improved postoperative outcomes, including the earlier return of urinary continence and with most patients being discharged on the same day without any opioids.

Conclusion
Based on the existing literature, the introduction of SP-RARP not only enriched the repertoire of minimally-invasive surgical treatment options for prostate cancer but also provided the opportunity for urologists to develop new techniques that can improve perioperative outcomes and postoperative quality of life. Given the limited number of patients and heterogeneity in the patient selection and reporting of postoperative outcomes, further research remains necessary to better understand the different benefits and improve patient selection algorithms for the different techniques.
Micro-PIV study on the influence of viscosity on the dynamics of droplet impact onto a thin film
Authors: Schubert Stefan , Steigerwald Jonas , Geppert Anne K. , Weigand Bernhard , Lamanna Grazia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work presents a systematic experimental study of droplet impact onto a wet substrate. Four different silicone oils are used, covering a range of Reynolds number between $$116< \text{Re} <1106$$

116
<
Re
<
1106

at two different initial wall film heights. The objective is to characterize the temporal and radial evolution of the velocity field within the crown crater by means of micro-PIV. Our findings show that the velocity field has the structure of an axisymmetric stagnation point flow with decaying strength a(t). The latter exhibits an exponential decay and can be explained in terms of the exponential decay of the pressure force exerted by the impacting droplet onto the wall film. In this context, the commonly accepted functional dependence $$a(t) \propto t^{-1}$$

a

(
t
)

∝

t

-
1

represents only the first-order Taylor approximation of the exponential decay and has therefore only a limited temporal validity. The analysis also corroborates the existence of an inertial regime concerning the velocity field for $${\text{Re}} > 270$$

Re
>
270

. This is not observed at lower Re numbers due to the increased pressure losses caused by the extensional (normal) strain during the radial spreading of the lamella. To validate these findings a holistic approach is chosen, which combines numerical results, analytical solutions and experimental data from literature. In particular, by using the continuity equation, it is shown that the experimental decay of the wall film height can be reconstructed from the velocity measurements. Consilience of results from different approaches provides a robust validation of the micro-PIV data obtained in this work.

Graphical abstract
Monotonicity anomalies in Scottish local government elections
Authors: McCune David , Graham-Squire Adam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe single transferable vote (STV) voting method is used to elect multiple candidates in ranked-choice elections. One weakness of STV is that it fails multiple fairness criteria related to monotonicity and no-show paradoxes. We analyze 1079 local government STV elections in Scotland to estimate the frequency of such monotonicity anomalies in real-world elections, and compare our results with prior empirical and theoretical research about the rates at which such anomalies occur. In 62 of the 1079 elections we found some kind of monotonicity anomaly. We generally find that anomaly rates are similar to prior empirical research and much lower than what most theoretical research has found. Most STV anomalies we find are the first of their kind to be documented in real-world multiwinner elections.
Impact of liming and maize residues on N2O and N2 fluxes in agricultural soils: an incubation study
Authors: Pfülb Lisa , Elsgaard Lars , Dörsch Peter , Fuß Roland , Well Reinhard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince it is known that nitrous oxide (N2O) production and consumption pathways are affected by soil pH, optimising the pH of agricultural soils can be an important approach to reduce N2O emissions. Because liming effects on N2O reduction had not been studied under ambient atmosphere and typical bulk density of arable soils, we conducted mesoscale incubation experiments with soils from two liming trials to investigate the impact of long-term pH management and fresh liming on N transformations and N2O production. Soils differed in texture and covered a range of pH levels (3.8–6.7), consisting of non-limed controls, long-term field-limed calcite and dolomite treatments, and freshly limed soils. Both soils were amended with 15N-labelled potassium nitrate (KNO3) and incubated with and without incorporated maize litter. Packed soil mesocosms were cycled through four phases of alternating temperatures and soil moistures for at least 40 days. Emissions of N2O and dinitrogen (N2) as well as the product ratio of denitrification N2O/(N2O + N2), referred to as N2Oi were measured with the 15N gas flux method in N2-reduced atmosphere. Emissions of N2O increased in response to typical denitrifying conditions (high moisture and presence of litter). Increased temperature and soil moisture stimulated microbial activity and triggered denitrification as judged from 15NO3− pool derived N2O + N2 emissions. Fresh liming increased denitrification in the sandy soil up to 3-fold but reduced denitrification in the loamy soil by 80%. N2Oi decreased throughout the incubation in response to fresh liming from 0.5–0.8 to 0.3–0.4, while field-limed soils had smaller N2Oi (0.1–0.3) than unlimed controls (0.9) irrespective of incubation conditions. Our study shows that the denitrification response (i.e., N2O + N2 production) to liming is soil dependent, whereas liming effects on N2Oi are consistent for both long- and short-term pH management. This extends previous results from anoxic slurry incubation studies by showing that soil pH management by liming has a good mitigation potential for agricultural N2O emissions from denitrification under wet conditions outside of cropping season.
Machine learning applications in craniosynostosis diagnosis and treatment prediction: a systematic review
Authors: Luo Angela , Gurses Muhammet Enes , Gecici Neslihan Nisa , Kozel Giovanni , Lu Victor M. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Ivan Michael E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCraniosynostosis refers to the premature fusion of one or more of the fibrous cranial sutures connecting the bones of the skull. Machine learning (ML) is an emerging technology and its application to craniosynostosis detection and management is underexplored. This systematic review aims to evaluate the application of ML techniques in the diagnosis, severity assessment, and predictive modeling of craniosynostosis. A comprehensive search was conducted on the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using predefined keywords related to craniosynostosis and ML. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed studies in English that investigated ML algorithms in craniosynostosis diagnosis, severity assessment, or treatment outcome prediction. Three independent reviewers screened the search results, performed full-text assessments, and extracted data from selected studies using a standardized form. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Of the thirteen papers examined on the application of ML to the identification and treatment of craniosynostosis, two papers were dedicated to sagittal craniosynostosis, five papers utilized several different types of craniosynostosis in the training and testing of their ML models, and six papers were dedicated to metopic craniosynostosis. ML models demonstrated high accuracy in identifying different types of craniosynostosis and objectively quantifying severity using innovative metrics such as metopic severity score and cranial morphology deviation. The findings highlight the significant strides made in utilizing ML techniques for craniosynostosis diagnosis, severity assessment, and predictive modeling. Predictive modeling of treatment outcomes following surgical interventions showed promising results, aiding in personalized treatment strategies. Despite methodological diversities among studies, the collective evidence underscores ML’s transformative potential in revolutionizing craniosynostosis management.