bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special fatigue aspects in support structures of offshore wind turbines
Authors: Schaumann P. , Lochte‐Holtgreven S. , Steppeler S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSupport structures of offshore wind turbines are exposed to high dynamic loads caused by wind, waves and operation. The support structures have to resist an extreme number of load cycles during their design life. Therefore, fatigue resistance becomes relevant for providing secure service time and economic design. As a result of growing turbine capacity and adverse offshore conditions, components which are involved in the load transfer need to be checked for fatigue in detail. This paper gives an overview of actual types of support structures, particular character of dynamic loads and fatigue resistances of specific constructional details.
Characterization of hydrogen embrittlement in automotive advanced high strength steels
Authors: Loidl M. , Kolk O. , Veith S. , Göbel T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHydrogen embrittlement is the limiting factor when it comes to the utilization of advanced highest strength steels in a car body frame. Steels with a tensile strength of greater than 1000 MPa are deemed to be susceptible to hydrogen induced delayed fracture and therefore are not yet widely used. To characterize the deleterious effects of hydrogen embrittlement in advanced highest strength steels the slow strain rate testing in gaseous hydrogen atmosphere is a suitable method for investigating the effect of hydrogen on the materials ductility. Additionally the hydrogen content after slow strain rate testing was measured by means of thermal desorption spectroscopy. By using this technique it is possible to differentiate between diffusible and trapped hydrogen. Diffusible hydrogen may interact with dislocations and therefore changes the fracture behaviour of metals. This was also documented by analysing the fracture surface of the tensile specimen by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The investigations yield a comprehensive view on the susceptibility towards hydrogen induced cracking and allow a comparative view among different steel grades.
Apathy in essential tremor, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease: A comparison with normal controls
Authors: Louis Elan D. , Huey Edward D. , Gerbin Marina , Viner Amanda S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground:Apathy, defined as decreased goal‐directed activity, has been observed in Parkinson's disease. A number of cognitive/psychiatric features have been documented in essential tremor, yet we are unaware of studies of apathy. Methods:Using the Apathy Evaluation Scale (range = 18–72 [more apathy]), we compared 79 essential tremor cases, 20 dystonia cases, and 39 Parkinson's disease cases with 80 normal controls. Results:The score of the Apathy Evaluation Scale was higher in essential tremor, dystonia, and Parkinson's disease cases than controls (all P ≤ .04). Parkinson's disease cases had the highest scores. Analyses stratified by presence/absence of depressive symptoms indicated the presence of a group of apathetic but nondepressed cases. Conclusions:Patients with Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia had elevated apathy scores. Features of apathy seemed to occur in these conditions independent of depressive symptoms. The mechanistic basis for the apparent increased features of apathy in essential tremor and dystonia deserves further study. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Reorientation of fiber orientation distributions using apodized point spread functions
Authors: Raffelt David , Tournier J‐Donald , Crozier Stuart , Connelly Alan , Salvado Olivier 
Published: December 2011

AbstractUsing high angular resolution diffusion‐weighted images, spherical deconvolution enables multiple white matter fiber populations to be resolved within a single voxel by computing the fiber orientation distribution (FOD). Higher order information provided by FODs could improve several methods for investigating population differences in white matter, including image registration, voxel‐based analysis, atlas‐based segmentation and labeling, and group average fiber tractography. All of these methods require spatial normalization of FODs. In this article, a novel method to reorient the FOD is presented, which is an important step required for FOD spatial normalization. The proposed method was assessed using both qualitative and quantitative experiments, with numerical simulations and in vivo human data. Results demonstrate that the proposed method improves FOD reorientation accuracy, removes undesired artefacts, and decreases computation time compared to a previous approach. The utility of the proposed method is illustrated by nonlinear FOD spatial normalization of 10 human subjects. Accurate reorientation and normalization of FODs is a critical step toward investigating white matter tissue in the context of multiple fiber orientations. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motion correction and registration of high b‐value diffusion weighted images
Authors: Ben‐Amitay Shani , Jones Derek K. , Assaf Yaniv 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIt has been suggested that, high b‐value diffusion weighted MRI improves the sensitivity and specificity of these images to tissue microstructure when compared with “clinical” b‐value diffusion weighted MRI (b ≈ 1000 s/mm2). However, it suffers from poor signal to noise ratio ‐ leading to longer acquisition times and therefore more motion artifacts. Together with the orientational sensitivity of the diffusion weighted MRI signal, the contrast at different b‐values and different gradient directions is significantly different. These features of high b‐value diffusion images preclude the ability to perform conventional image‐registration‐based motion/distortion correction. Here, we suggest a framework based on both experimental data (diffusion tensor MRI) and simulations (using the composite hindered and restricted model of diffusion framework) to correct the motion induced misalignments and artifacts of high b‐value diffusion weighted MRI. This approach was evaluated using visual assessment of the registered diffusion weighted MRI and the composite hindered and restricted model of diffusion analysis results, as well as residual analysis to assess the quality of the composite hindered and restricted model of diffusion fitting. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate an improvement in fitting the data to the composite hindered and restricted model of diffusion model following the suggested registration framework, thereby, addressing a long‐standing problem and making the correction of motion/distortions in data collected at high b‐values feasible for the first time. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacological MRI of the choroid and retina: Blood flow and BOLD responses during nitroprusside infusion
Authors: Shih Yen‐Yu I. , Li Guang , Muir Eric R. , De La Garza Bryan H. , Kiel Jeffrey W. , Duong Timothy Q. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNitroprusside, a vasodilatory nitric oxide donor, is clinically used during vascular surgery and to lower blood pressure in acute hypertension. This article reports a novel application of blood flow (BF) and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) MRI on an 11.7T scanner to image the rat chorioretinal BF and BOLD changes associated with graded nitroprusside infusion. At low doses (1 or 2 μg/kg/min), nitroprusside increased BF as expected but decreased BOLD signals, showing an intriguing BF–BOLD uncoupling. At high doses (3−5 μg/kg/min), nitroprusside decreased BF and markedly decreased BOLD signals. To our knowledge, this is the first pharmacological MRI application of the retina. This approach has potential to open up new avenues to study the drug‐related hemodynamic functions and to evaluate the effects of novel therapeutic interventions on BOLD and BF in the normal and diseased retinas. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of tandem duplicator phenotype in tumour evolution in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer
Authors: Ng Charlotte KY , Cooke Susanna L , Howe Kevin , Newman Scott , Xian Jian , Temple Jillian , Batty Elizabeth M , Pole Jessica CM , Langdon Simon P , Edwards Paul AW , Brenton James D 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHigh‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is characterized by genomic instability, ubiquitous TP53 loss, and frequent development of platinum resistance. Loss of homologous recombination (HR) is a mutator phenotype present in 50% of HGSOCs and confers hypersensitivity to platinum treatment. We asked which other mutator phenotypes are present in HGSOC and how they drive the emergence of platinum resistance. We performed whole‐genome paired‐end sequencing on a model of two HGSOC cases, each consisting of a pair of cell lines established before and after clinical resistance emerged, to describe their structural variants (SVs) and to infer their ancestral genomes as the SVs present within each pair. The first case (PEO1/PEO4), with HR deficiency, acquired translocations and small deletions through its early evolution, but a revertant BRCA2 mutation restoring HR function in the resistant lineage re‐stabilized its genome and reduced platinum sensitivity. The second case (PEO14/PEO23) had 216 tandem duplications and did not show evidence of HR or mismatch repair deficiency. By comparing the cell lines to the tissues from which they originated, we showed that the tandem duplicator mutator phenotype arose early in progression in vivo and persisted throughout evolution in vivo and in vitro, which may have enabled continual evolution. From the analysis of SNP array data from 454 HGSOC cases in The Cancer Genome Atlas series, we estimate that 12.8% of cases show patterns of aberrations similar to the tandem duplicator, and this phenotype is mutually exclusive with BRCA1/2 carrier mutations. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health‐related quality of life (HRQL) in children with sickle cell disease and thalassemia following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)
Authors: Kelly Michael J. , Pennarola Brian W. , Rodday Angie Mae , Parsons Susan K. ,   on behalf of the Journeys to Recovery Study, the HSCT‐CHESS™ Study
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known regarding the health‐related quality of life (HRQL) trajectory of children with sickle cell disease or thalassemia (“hemoglobinopathies”) following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).ProceduresWe serially evaluated the HRQL of 13 children with hemoglobinopathies who received HSCT during two prospective multi‐center studies using the Child Health Ratings Inventories (CHRIs). The HRQL scores among children with hemoglobinopathies, as reported separately by the children and their parents were compared using repeated measures models to scores of a comparison group of children receiving HSCT for malignancies or severe aplastic anemia.ResultsThe sample included 13 children with hemoglobinopathies (median age: 8 years, range 5–18) and 268 children in the comparison group (median age: 11 years, range 5–18). There were similar rates of early infection, chronic graft versus host disease, and all‐cause mortality between the two groups. There was no significant difference in recovery to baseline scores for physical, emotional, and role functioning by 3 months for either group. Children with hemoglobinopathies had higher HRQL scores for physical (beta = 12, se = 5.5, P = 0.01) and baseline emotional functioning (beta = 11.6, se = 5.5, P = 0.03) than the comparison group. For all domains for both groups, parent reports demonstrated a nadir at 45 days with recovery to baseline by 3 months following transplant. Children's ratings were higher than those of their parents in both diagnostic groups.ConclusionsChildren with hemoglobinopathies had higher physical and emotional functioning scores prior to HSCT and experienced a similar pattern of recovery to their baseline functioning by 3 months post‐HSCT when compared to children receiving HSCT for acquired conditions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:725–731. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment choice of immunotherapy or further chemotherapy for Epstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Shiraishi Akira , Ohga Shouichi , Doi Takehiko , Ishimura Masataka , Takimoto Tomohito , Takada Hidetoshi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Abe Yasunobu , Hara Toshiro 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundEpstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV‐HLH) leads to an aggressive and often fatal course without appropriate treatment. Etoposide therapy is crucial for the better prognosis, although it remains unknown what patients need cytotoxic agents. Since we have complied with step‐up strategy in a tertiary center, treatment outcomes were studied to search predictors for disease course.MethodsThe study enrolled 22 EBV‐HLH patients treated between 1999 and 2010 in Kyushu University. Immunotherapy, chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation (SCT) proceeded in stages unless patients attained a consecutive >21 days‐afebrile remission. Clinical and laboratory data and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsMedian age of 9 males and 13 females was 5 years (range: 9 months–41 years). Sixteen patients (73%) presented at age <15 years. Two patients remitted spontaneously, 12 attained remissions after immunotherapy, 5 after chemotherapy, and 1 after successful SCT. The remaining two patients died after chemotherapy and SCT, respectively. Median EBV load was 1 × 105 copies/ml of peripheral blood (range: 200–5 × 107). T‐cells were exclusively targeted (94%; 15/16 examined) often with EBV/T‐cell receptor clonality. EBV status indicated 19 primary infections and 3 reactivations. Either death occurred in EBV‐reactivated patients who underwent chemotherapy ± SCT. Age at primary infection in pediatric patients increased in the last 5 years. Patients having prolonged fever (P = 0.017) or high soluble CD25 levels (P = 0.017) at diagnosis were at higher risk for requiring chemotherapy assessed by multivariate analyses.ConclusionsNo cytotoxic agents were needed for >60% of EBV‐HLH patients. Early immunotherapy may modulate T‐cell activation and reduce the chance of unnecessary chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:265–270. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of a home‐based exercise program on metabolic risk factors and fitness in long‐term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Järvelä Liisa S. , Kemppainen Jukka , Niinikoski Harri , Hannukainen Jarna C. , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Kapanen Jukka , Arola Mikko , Heinonen Olli J. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence of insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic risk factors is increased in ALL survivors, and insufficient physical activity (PA) and low cardiopulmonary fitness are common. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a simple, inexpensive home‐based exercise program on cardiometabolic risk factors and fitness in long‐term ALL survivors.ProcedureSeventeen 16‐ to 30‐year‐old survivors of childhood ALL (age at diagnosis ≤16 years) were recruited to a 16‐week home‐based exercise program. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), muscle strength, and metabolic risk factors were studied before and after the exercise program.ResultsFasting plasma insulin (P = 0.01), HOMA‐IR (homeostasis model assessment, insulin resistance) (P = 0.002), waist circumference (P = 0.003), waist‐to‐hip ratio (P = 0.002), fat percent (P = 0.04), and supine diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.03) decreased during the program, while weight and body mass index remained unchanged. VO2 peak and maximal work load (W/kg) improved by 5% (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively) during the exercise program. The results of the Sit‐Up test, Back extensor test, and Full Squatting test improved as well (P = 0.01, P = 0.002, and P = 0.0004, respectively).ConclusionsA simple home‐based exercise program was effective in improving cardiometabolic risk factor status and fitness in young adult survivors of childhood ALL. Simple exercise programs should be recommended to this population with increased risk of CVD to improve metabolic risk factor status and fitness. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 155–160. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitivity of fine‐needle biopsy in detecting pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Redlich Antje , Boxberger Nicole , Schmid Kurt Werner , Frühwald Michael , Rohrer Tilman , Vorwerk Peter 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC) are uncommon in children. Since the frequency of malignancy is assumed to be high in pediatric symptomatic thyroid nodules, carcinomas should be ruled out reliably. The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of fine‐needle biopsy (FNB) in diagnosing children with DTC.ProcedureWe retrospectively analyzed 15 years of data from the GPOH‐MET registry, a database by the German Society for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) with a focus on malignant endocrine tumors (MET). We reviewed data on pediatric patients with DTC who had undergone FNB. FNB results were classified according to well‐established guidelines.ResultsDuring the study period, 206 children with a histological diagnosis of DTC were entered into the GPOH‐MET database. Fifty of those patients aged 3.6–17.3 years (mean, 12.3 years) had undergone FNB preoperatively. Forty‐one were diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), seven with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), and two had DTC not otherwise specified. Of the first FNB performed on each patient, the cytological specimens were diagnosed as benign in 13 cases, malignant in 14, suspicious in 9, follicular neoplasms in 6, and unsatisfactory in 8. The sensitivity of FNB in detecting DTC was 69.0%.ConclusionsOur results reflect the current practice of pediatric thyroid FNB in Germany. In order to improve its usefulness, FNB should always be performed by experienced physicians. Furthermore, a central review of all specimens is necessary to ascertain the validity of the cytological diagnosis and to introduce immunocytological and molecular methods. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:233–237. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical features and outcomes in patients with Ewing sarcoma and regional lymph node involvement
Authors: Applebaum Mark A. , Goldsby Robert , Neuhaus John , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackgroundA minority of patients with Ewing sarcoma present with regional lymph node involvement. We investigated if patient characteristics and outcomes differ between patients with Ewing sarcoma with and without regional node involvement.ProcedurePatients <40 years of age with Ewing sarcoma or peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) reported to the SEER database from 1973 to 2008 were evaluated based on the presence (n = 91) or absence (n = 1,361) of regional node involvement. Patient characteristics were analyzed using Fisher exact tests. Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier methods and evaluated using log‐rank tests and Cox models.ResultsPatients with regional node involvement were more likely to have extraskeletal primary tumors (65.9% vs. 31.2%; P < 0.001) and axial tumors (71.1% vs. 59.6%; P = 0.03) compared to patients without regional node involvement. The incidence of regional node involvement was 12.4% for patients with extraskeletal primary tumors compared to 3.2% for patients with skeletal tumors. Five‐year overall survival from diagnosis was inferior for patients with regional node involvement compared to those without regional node involvement (45.9% vs. 60.3%; P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, regional node involvement was predictive of inferior overall survival independent of age, metastatic status, tumor site, and soft tissue origin (hazard ratio 1.59; 95% CI 1.16–2.19).ConclusionsPatients with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma should undergo evaluation for regional node involvement. If validated, our findings indicate that regional node involvement may be an independent adverse prognostic factor in Ewing sarcoma, and potentially useful in risk‐stratifying patients with otherwise localized disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59:617–620. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self modeling: Expanding the theories of learning
Authors: Dowrick Peter W. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSelf modeling (SM) offers a unique expansion of learning theory. For several decades, a steady trickle of empirical studies has reported consistent evidence for the efficacy of SM as a procedure for positive behavior change across physical, social, educational, and diagnostic variations. SM became accepted as an extreme case of model similarity; improved self‐efficacy became a frequent “explanation” of how it worked. Recently, however, the mounting evidence for ultra‐rapid behavior change (particularly in feedforward versions of video SM) and incomplete satisfaction with explanatory models of observational learning in general suggested a rethinking of underlying theory. The most rapid learning by humans can be achieved by mental simulations of future events, based on reconfigured preexisting component skills. These reconsiderations of learning from the future, emphasizing learning from oneself, have coincided with developments in neurocognitive theories of mirror neurons and mental time travel. A reexamination of principles not tied to any medium show SM not to be a special case but to be the most fundamental form of observational learning. In the meantime, commercial technology has advanced in ways that are putting more of this self‐determining behavior change into younger and younger hands and minds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of video self‐modeling with english language learners: Implications for success
Authors: Ortiz Jennifer , Burlingame Cheryl , Onuegbulem Cybeles , Yoshikawa Koichi , Rojas Eliana D. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe efficacy of video self‐modeling (VSM) to improve reading fluency for English language learners (ELLs) is explored. A review of the literature demonstrates the success of VSM in improving non‐ELL students' fluency. Preliminary research with culturally and linguistically diverse students implies that the intervention can be equally effective with these populations. A brief review of second‐language acquisition reveals the ways in which VSM complements the needs of ELLs at various stages of acquisition. Special considerations for educators of ELLs are also included. Continued research is necessary to establish VSM as an effective research‐based method for ELLs, but the existing evidence base demonstrates the potential success of the intervention. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploring the utility of self‐modeling in decreasing disruptive behavior in students with intellectual disability
Authors: Bilias‐lolis Evelyn , Chafouleas Sandra M. , Kehle Thomas J. , Bray Melissa A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractStudents with intellectual disabilities can exhibit a wide array of challenging behaviors in the classroom that pose disruptions to the learning milieu and management problems for those involved in their education. Self‐modeling, a behavioral intervention that involves viewing edited videotapes of oneself depicting exemplary behavior, has had documented success in evoking positive behavior change. This investigation utilized a multiple baseline design to examine the effect of self‐modeling in reducing disruptive classroom behavior among 3 high school students with intellectual deficits. Participants were shown five 2‐minute treatment tapes over 10 school days. The results of this experiment were analyzed through visual inspection of the data and calculation of effect sizes. Self‐modeling was found to have large decreases in the target behavior for all 3 participants, with treatment effects becoming more pronounced at follow‐up. Implications and future research directions are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.