bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety assessments and clinical features of PARP inhibitors from real-world data of Japanese patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Uekusa Ryosuke , Yokoi Akira , Watanabe Eri , Yoshida Kosuke , Yoshihara Masato , Tamauchi Satoshi , Shimizu Yusuke , Ikeda Yoshiki , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Niimi Kaoru , Suzuki Shiro , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPoly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors have been increasingly used in ovarian cancer treatment. However, the real-world safety data of these drugs in Japanese patients are limited. This retrospective study included 181 patients with ovarian cancer who received olaparib or niraparib at two independent hospitals in Japan between May 2018 and December 2022. Clinical information and blood sampling data were collected. Regarding patient backgrounds, the olaparib group had higher proportions of patients with serous carcinoma, BRCA positivity, homologous recombination deficiency, and those receiving maintenance therapy after recurrence treatment than the niraparib group. Regarding toxicity properties, the most common reasons for discontinuation in the olaparib group were anemia, fatigue, and nausea, while the reason in the niraparib was thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia caused by niraparib treatment occurred earlier than anemia caused by olaparib treatment. Patients with a low body mass index or who had undergone several previous treatment regimens were more likely to discontinue treatment within the first 3 months. Although we analyzed blood collection data, predicting treatment interruptions due to blood toxicity was challenging. In this study, we revealed the characteristics of patients and the timing of interruptions for each drug, highlighting the importance of carefully managing adverse effects.
Skeletal muscle desmin alterations following revascularization in peripheral artery disease claudicants
Authors: Wilburn Dylan , Miserlis Dimitrios , Fletcher Emma , Papoutsi Evlampia , Ismaeel Ahmed , Bradley Cassandra , Ring Andrew , Wilkinson Trevor , Smith Robert S. , Ferrer Lucas , Haynatzki Gleb , Monteleone Peter , Banerjee Subhash , Brisbois Elizabeth , Bohannon William T. , Koutakis Panagiotis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by varying severity of arterial stenosis, exercise induced claudication, malperfused tissue precluding normal healing and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Revascularization interventions improve circulation, but post-reperfusion changes within the skeletal muscle are not well characterized. This study investigates if revascularization enhanced hemodynamics increases walking performance with concurrent improvement of mitochondrial function and reverses abnormal skeletal muscle morphological features that develop with PAD. Fifty-eight patients completed walking performance testing and muscle biopsy before and 6 months after revascularization procedures. Muscle fiber morphology, desmin structure, and mitochondria respiration assessments before and after the revascularization were evaluated. Revascularization improved limb hemodynamics, walking function, and muscle morphology. Qualitatively not all participants recovered normal structural architecture of desmin in the myopathic myofibers after revascularization. Heterogenous responses in the recovery of desmin structure following revascularization may be caused by other underlying factors not reversed with hemodynamic improvements. Revascularization interventions clinically improve patient walking ability and can reverse the multiple subcellular functional and structural abnormalities in muscle cells. Further study is needed to characterize desmin structural remodeling with improvements in skeletal muscle morphology and function.
Towards automatic home-based sleep apnea estimation using deep learning
Authors: Retamales Gabriela , Gavidia Marino E. , Bausch Ben , Montanari Arthur N. , Husch Andreas , Goncalves Jorge 
Published: June 2024

AbstractApnea and hypopnea are common sleep disorders characterized by the obstruction of the airways. Polysomnography (PSG) is a sleep study typically used to compute the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), the number of times a person has apnea or certain types of hypopnea per hour of sleep, and diagnose the severity of the sleep disorder. Early detection and treatment of apnea can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. However, long-term PSG monitoring is unfeasible as it is costly and uncomfortable for patients. To address these issues, we propose a method, named DRIVEN, to estimate AHI at home from wearable devices and detect when apnea, hypopnea, and periods of wakefulness occur throughout the night. The method can therefore assist physicians in diagnosing the severity of apneas. Patients can wear a single sensor or a combination of sensors that can be easily measured at home: abdominal movement, thoracic movement, or pulse oximetry. For example, using only two sensors, DRIVEN correctly classifies 72.4% of all test patients into one of the four AHI classes, with 99.3% either correctly classified or placed one class away from the true one. This is a reasonable trade-off between the model’s performance and the patient’s comfort. We use publicly available data from three large sleep studies with a total of 14,370 recordings. DRIVEN consists of a combination of deep convolutional neural networks and a light-gradient-boost machine for classification. It can be implemented for automatic estimation of AHI in unsupervised long-term home monitoring systems, reducing costs to healthcare systems and improving patient care.
Multiplex, high-throughput method to study cancer and immune cell mechanotransduction
Authors: Fabiano Abigail R. , Robbins Spencer C. , Knoblauch Samantha V. , Rowland Schyler J. , Dombroski Jenna A. , King Michael R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStudying cellular mechanoresponses during cancer metastasis is limited by sample variation or complex protocols that current techniques require. Metastasis is governed by mechanotransduction, whereby cells translate external stimuli, such as circulatory fluid shear stress (FSS), into biochemical cues. We present high-throughput, semi-automated methods to expose cells to FSS using the VIAFLO96 multichannel pipetting device custom-fitted with 22 G needles, increasing the maximum FSS 94-fold from the unmodified tips. Specifically, we develop protocols to semi-automatically stain live samples and to fix, permeabilize, and intracellularly process cells for flow cytometry analysis. Our first model system confirmed that the pro-apoptotic effects of TRAIL therapeutics in prostate cancer cells can be enhanced via FSS-induced Piezo1 activation. Our second system implements this multiplex methodology to show that FSS exposure (290 dyn cm−2) increases activation of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. These methodologies greatly improve the mechanobiology workflow, offering a high-throughput, multiplex approach.
Higher-order non-Markovian social contagions in simplicial complexes
Authors: Lin Zhaohua , Han Lilei , Feng Mi , Liu Ying , Tang Ming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigher-order structures such as simplicial complexes are ubiquitous in numerous real-world networks. Empirical evidence reveals that interactions among nodes occur not only through edges but also through higher-dimensional simplicial structures such as triangles. Nevertheless, classic models such as the threshold model fail to capture group interactions within these higher-order structures. In this paper, we propose a higher-order non-Markovian social contagion model, considering both higher-order interactions and the non-Markovian characteristics of real-world spreading processes. We develop a mean-field theory to describe its evolutionary dynamics. Simulation results reveal that the theory is capable of predicting the steady state of the model. Our theoretical analyses indicate that there is an equivalence between the higher-order non-Markovian and the higher-order Markovian social contagions. Besides, we find that non-Markovian recovery can boost the system resilience to withstand a large-scale infection or a small-scale infection under different conditions. This work deepens our understanding of the behaviors of higher-order non-Markovian social contagions in the real world.
Deep-learning-based decomposition of overlapping-sparse images: application at the vertex of simulated neutrino interactions
Authors: Alonso-Monsalve Saúl , Sgalaberna Davide , Zhao Xingyu , Molines Adrien , McGrew Clark , Rubbia André 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImage decomposition plays a crucial role in various computer vision tasks, enabling the analysis and manipulation of visual content at a fundamental level. Overlapping and sparse images pose unique challenges for decomposition algorithms due to the scarcity of meaningful information to extract components. Here, we present a solution based on deep learning to accurately extract individual objects within multi-dimensional overlapping-sparse images, with a direct application to the decomposition of overlaid elementary particles obtained from imaging detectors. Our approach allows us to identify and measure independent particles at the vertex of neutrino interactions, where one expects to observe images with indiscernible overlapping charged particles. By decomposing the image of the detector activity at the vertex through deep learning, we infer the kinematic parameters of the low-momentum particles and enhance the reconstructed energy resolution of the neutrino event. Finally, we combine our approach with a fully-differentiable generative model to improve the image decomposition further and the resolution of the measured parameters. This improvement is crucial to search for asymmetries between matter and antimatter.
Control of cell membrane receptor condensation by adhesion to supported bilayers with nanoscale topography
Authors: Li Long , Hou Ruihan , Shi Xinghua , Ji Jing , Różycki Bartosz , Hu Jinglei , Song Fan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping physical methods to modulate biomolecular clusters and condensates on cell membranes is of great importance for understanding physiological and pathological processes as well as for stimulating novel therapeutic strategies. Here, we propose an effective means to control receptor condensation on the cell membrane via specific adhesion to a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) with nanoscale topography. The specific adhesion is mediated by receptors in the cell membrane that bind their ligands anchored in the SLB. Using Monte Carlo simulations and mean-field theory, we demonstrate that the nanoscale topography of the SLB can enhance condensation of the receptors associated with lipid nanodomains. Our results indicate that SLBs with nanoscale topography proves an effective physical stimulus for tuning condensation of membrane adhesion proteins and lipids in cell membranes, and can serve as a feasible option to control and direct cellular activities, e.g., stem cell differentiation for biomedical and therapeutic applications.
On the relation between performance and permanent demagnetisation in spoke type machines with ferrite magnets
Authors: Silva Marcelo D. , Eriksson Sandra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe use of rare earth elements (REE) in permanent magnets (PMs) raises problems in several domains. The supply chain of these is fragile, the prices have shown volatility and its manufacturing has a bigger impact on climate change when compared to the manufacturing of other PMs. Instead, ferrite PMs have been researched as an alternative. This alternative shows a relatively higher demagnetisation risk when compared to REE PMs. Thus, a detailed study on permanent demagnetisation during winding faults is crucial. The authors use the finite element method to evaluate different machine designs, developed under mechanical constraints, and explore several strategies to mitigate permanent demagnetisation. Also, the importance of avoiding permanent demagnetisation is changed gradually in the optimisation process. The results show that the protection of the PM and performance optimisation are irreconcilable goals. It also highlights the impact of the stator design in decreasing demagnetisation. Additionally, it is shown that the classic notion of avoiding demagnetisation is an ineffective strategy for designing high‐performance machines with ferrite magnets, and instead, it should be integrated into the optimisation process and weighted according to the application demands.
Educational interventions to reduce depression and anxiety in older adults with cancer in the community: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Low Chen Ee , Pillay Renish M , Teo Finn Jing Jie , Loh Caitlin Yuen Ling , Yau Chun En , Yan Bin Lee Ainsley Ryan , Ho Cyrus Su Hui , Chen Matthew Zhixuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults make up half of those with cancer and are prone to mood disorders, such as depression and severe anxiety, resulting in negative repercussions on their health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL). Educational interventions have been shown to reduce adverse psychological outcomes. We examined the effect of educational interventions on the severity of psychological outcomes in older adults with cancer (OAC) in the community.MethodThis PRISMA-adherent systematic review involved a search of PubMed, MedLine, Embase and PsycINFO for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated educational interventions impacting the severity of depression, anxiety and HRQOL in OAC. Random effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions were used for the primary analysis.ResultsFifteen RCTs were included. Meta-analyses showed a statistically insignificant decrease in the severity of depression (SMD = −0.30, 95%CI: −0.69; 0.09), anxiety (SMD = −0.30, 95%CI: −0.73; 0.13) and improvement in overall HRQOL scores (SMD = 0.44, 95%CI: −0.16; 1.04). However, subgroup analyses revealed that these interventions were particularly effective in reducing the severity of depression and anxiety in specific groups, such as OAC aged 60–65, those with early-stage cancer, those with lung cancer and those treated with chemotherapy. A systematic review found that having attained a higher education and income level increased the efficacy of interventions in decreasing the severity of adverse psychological outcomes.ConclusionAlthough overall meta-analyses were statistically insignificant, subgroup meta-analyses highlighted a few specific subgroups that the educational interventions were effective for. Future interventions can be implemented to target these vulnerable groups.
Disaster and Social Work in Nepal: A Discussion
Authors: Karki Dilip , Yadav Raj , Davis Cindy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite social work’s about three decades of history and most populations being at risk of multiple natural disasters, Nepali social workers are yet to establish their foothold in the sector of disaster in Nepal. Part of this has happened due to ineffective curriculum on disaster and social work. And hence, this article proposes how the curriculum for disaster and social work can be advanced in the future.
Management of acute severe ulcerative colitis—an update for generalist and specialist clinicians
Authors: Kuriakose Kuzhiyanjal Anish J , Limdi Jimmy K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a potentially life-threatening medical emergency that occurs in up to 25% of patients with ulcerative colitis. Although intravenous corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of therapy, 30–40% of patients will not respond and need timely consideration of rescue therapy with (currently) either infliximab or ciclosporin or indeed colectomy, underscoring the importance of multidisciplinary care to ensure favourable outcomes for patients. We discuss the current evidence and present an approach to the management of ASUC for general and specialist clinicians caring for patients with ASUC.

Sources of data
The information in this review is derived from data published in peer- reviewed academic journals and registered clinical trials.

Areas of agreement
Management of acute severe colitis requires a multidisciplinary approach with early initiation with steroids and timely escalation of treatment to either medical rescue therapy or surgery.

Areas of controversy
Balancing the risks of delayed surgery vs. optimizing medical therapy, including accelerated dosing schedules for biologics, remains ambiguous.

Growing points
The position on newer molecules like Janus Kinase inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, is a growing area with early real-world data showing promise for steroid refractory ASUC.

Areas timely for developing research
Developing predictive biomarkers and clinical risk scores for personalized rescue therapy selection is an evolving area of research.
A Simple Validated LC-UV Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Brimonidine and Brinzolamide in the Presence of Brinzolamide’s Degradation Product (Major Metabolite) in Rabbit Aqueous Humor
Authors: Wahab Mubarak Marwa A , Mohammad M Abdul-Azim , El-Bagary Ramzia I , Elkady Ehab , Abo-Talib Nisreen F 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A sensitive, specific, reliable and low-cost LC-UV method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of brimonidine tartrate (BM) and brinzolamide (BZ) in rabbit aqueous humor (AH) in the presence of N-desethyl-brinzolamide (NDBZ); BZ is a major degradation product, and it is also considered to be its major metabolite. Dorzolamide hydrochloride (DZ) was used as an internal standard (IS). The analytes were extracted from rabbit AH samples by a simple pre-treatment utilizing ZnSO4.7H2O as a deproteinizing agent. The analytes were separated on a cyanopropyl Waters column (4.6 × 200 mm, 5 μm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 25 mM ammonium acetate pH 4.5 (adjusted with 85% phosphoric acid):methanol:acetonitrile (94:4.5:1.5, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. The detection was done at 254 nm. The lower limit of quantification in rabbit AH was 100.0 ng mL−1. The method was validated according to EMA guidelines. The method was confirmed to be accurate, precise and linear over a range of 100.0–1000.0 ng mL−1 for BM and BZ. The method developed herein is simple, safe, eco-friendly, rapid and accurately applied for the quantification of BM and BZ, along with the successful separation of NDBZ, which is considered as a potential irritant degradation product of BZ.
Dose-Response Relationship Between Exercise Duration and Enhanced Function and Cognition in Acutely Hospitalized Older Adults: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sáez de Asteasu Mikel L , Martínez-Velilla Nicolás , Zambom-Ferraresi Fabricio , Galbete Arkaitz , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , Cadore Eduardo L , Abizanda Pedro , Gómez-Pavón Javier , Izquierdo Mikel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Exercise may reverse functional decline in hospitalized older adults, but the optimal duration is unclear. This study examined the potential relationship between in-hospital multicomponent exercise program duration and changes in physical function, cognition, and muscle function to maximize exercise-related health benefits in acutely hospitalized older patients.

Research Design and Methods
This secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial examined the relationship between the duration of an in-hospital multicomponent exercise program and changes in physical function, cognition, and muscle strength in 570 acutely hospitalized older adults. Participants completed 3, 4, or 5–7 consecutive days of exercise based on the progression of their acute medical illness. The acute clinical condition of the older patients was similar across the study groups (i.e., 3/4/5–7 days) at admission. Outcomes included the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) for functional capacity, Gait Velocity Test for gait speed, handgrip for muscle strength, and cognitive tests.

Results
Of the 570 patients included in the analysis, 298 were women (52.3%), and the mean (SD) age was 87.3 (4.8) years. Exercise groups increased SPPB scores compared with controls, with gains of 1.09 points after three days, 1.97 points after four days, and 2.02 points after 5–7 days (p &lt; .001). The 4-day program showed the most significant benefit for functional capacity. Gait velocity increased by 0.11 m/s after 4 and 5–7 days (p = .032). Similar dose-response relationships were seen for handgrip strength and cognition, with 5–7 days showing more significant gains than three days (p &lt; .05).

Discussion and Implications
Multicomponent exercise programs enhance physical and cognitive function in hospitalized older adults, regardless of exercise dosage. A 4-day program significantly boosts functional capacity, although 5–7 days improves handgrip strength and cognition, highlighting the importance of exercise dosage in countering functional decline. Implementing evidence-based inpatient exercise prescriptions can help reverse muscle weakness and improve cognitive and physical function.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04600453
Evaluating and validating 3-D simulated MASW and SPAC in situ tests in Argostoli, Greece
Authors: Riaño Andrea C , Lopez-Caballero Fernando , Hollender Fabrice 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
Geophysics and Geotechnical Engineering commonly use 1-D wave propagation analysis, simplifying complex scenarios by assuming flat and homogeneous soil layers, vertical seismic wave propagation and negligible pore water pressure effects (total stress analysis). These assumptions are commonly used in practice, providing the basis for applications like analysing site responses to earthquakes and characterizing soil properties through inversion processes. These processes involve various in situ tests to estimate the subsurface soil’s material profile, providing insights into its behaviour during seismic events. This study seeks to address the limitations inherent to 1-D analyses by using 3-D physics-based simulations to replicate in situ tests performed in the Argostoli basin, Greece. Active and passive source surveys are simulated, and their results are used to determine material properties at specific locations, using standard geophysical methods. Our findings underscore the potential of 3-D simulations to explore different scenarios, considering different survey configurations, source types and array sets.