bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence‐based review of treatment options for patients with glottic cancer
Authors: Hartl Dana M. , Ferlito Alfio , Brasnu Daniel F. , Langendijk Johannes A. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Silver Carl E. , Wolf Gregory T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractEvidence‐based medicine integrates the best available data in decision making, with the goal of minimizing physicians' and patients' subjectivity. In 2006, the American Society of Clinical Oncology edited clinical practice guidelines for the use of larynx preservation strategies. The objective of this review was to evaluate the current levels of evidence for glottic squamous cell carcinoma. Current guidelines for early stage glottic cancer are based on low‐level evidence. Conservation surgery (open or transoral) and radiation therapy are all valid options for T1 and selected T2 lesions. For advanced lesions, surgery and combined chemotherapy and radiation are options. High‐level evidence favors combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy or altered fractionation radiation therapy as nonsurgical strategies for organ preservation, compared with radiation therapy alone. The optimal combination of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and radiation therapy remains to be demonstrated, however, and for high‐volume tumors, total laryngectomy may still be warranted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Validity of plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Yi‐Ming , Wang Lu , Dai Zhi , Wang Dan‐Dan , Hei Zhen‐Yu , Zhang Ning , Fu Xiu‐Tao , Wang Xi‐Long , Zhang Shun‐Cai , Qin Lun‐Xiu , Tang Zhao‐You , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe performed our study to determine whether plasma macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) levels have diagnostic and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the expression of MIF in plasma and tissues, respectively. Plasma MIF levels were compared to HCC occurrence, clinicopathological features and outcomes. Cutpoints of plasma MIF levels for diagnosis and prognosis were, respectively, determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis and X‐tile in corresponding training cohort, and then were confirmed in the validation cohort. The postoperative plasma MIF levels of HCC patients were detected in an independent cohort (80 HCC patients). As a result, MIF expression in situ was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of HCC cells. Intratumoral MIF expression was positively correlated with plasma MIF levels (r = 0.759, p < 0.001). Compared to serum α‐fetoprotein (AFP), plasma MIF had a higher diagnostic value for discrimination of HCC from controls at 35.3 ng/ml. With determined cutpoints, plasma MIF levels demonstrated a significant association with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) of HCC patients even in patients with normal serum AFP levels and Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage I. In addition, the plasma MIF levels were identified as an independent factor for OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.754; p = 0.012] and DFS (HR = 2.121; p < 0.001). Plasma MIF levels decreased markedly within 30 days after tumor resection (p < 0.001). Therefore, plasma MIF levels have potential as a diagnostic and prognostic factor for HCC.
Nano‐CuO inhibited voltage‐gated sodium current of hippocampal CA1 neurons via reactive oxygen species but independent from G‐proteins pathway
Authors: Liu Zhaowei , Liu Shichang , Ren Guogang , Zhang Tao , Yang Zhuo 
Published: January 2011

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano‐CuO on voltage‐gated sodium current (INa) in hippocampal CA1 neurons. The results suggested that nano‐CuO inhibited amplitudes of INa currents and prolonged peak rise time of action potential (AP). The responses to nano‐CuO were inhibited by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. However, the G‐proteins inhibitor did not block the effects of nano‐CuO. The effects of nano‐CuO were mediated through activation of ROS‐INa‐AP signaling cascades and independent from G‐proteins pathway. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicological characterization of N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐induced cataract in rats by LC/MS‐based metabonomic analysis
Authors: Miyazono Yuko , Harada Kazuo , Sugiyama Koji , Ueno Motonobu , Torii Mikinori , Kato Ikuo , Matsuura Hideyuki , Hirata Kazumasa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCataract is one of the most serious drug‐induced side effects that can terminate the development of drug candidates, and pharmaceutical companies consider it important to evaluate cataract‐inducing potential in the early phases. Metabonomics is expected to be a powerful approach for the safety evaluation of drug candidates. In this study, we conducted a toxicological characterization of N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU)‐induced cataract in rats by LC/MS‐based metabonomic analysis. MNU was intraperitoneally administered once to 15‐day old rats at 70 mg kg−1. After that, animals were kept for 3 weeks waiting for cataract formation. Lens samples for metabonomic analysis were collected on 7, 14 and 21 days after MNU administration. Comprehensive analyses of lens metabolites were conducted using an LC/MS system, and multivariate data for each sample were compared by principal component analysis (PCA) to find any changes in lens metabolites. Lens opacity was confirmed by ophthalmoscopy 14 days after dosing, and even by gross observation 21 days after dosing. PCA of the lens samples for the control and MNU‐treated groups revealed that the metabolite profiles of lens differed from each other, and several lens metabolites, such as lots of α‐amino acids and gluthathione, decreased after MNU treatment. In conclusion, metabonomic analysis enabled us to identify new marker candidates for cataract and provided a better understanding of the mechanism related to MNU‐induced cataract. It was considered that metabonomics is a useful approach for the characterization of drug‐induced toxicity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of acute biochemical effects of thallium toxicity in mouse urine by NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Tyagi Ritu , Rana Poonam , Khan Ahmad Raza , Bhatnagar Deepak , Devi M Memita , Chaturvedi Shubhra , Tripathi Rajendra P. , Khushu Subash 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThallium (Tl) is a toxic heavy metal and its exposure to the human body causes physiological and biochemical changes due to its interference with potassium‐dependent biological reactions. A high‐resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy based metabonomic approach has been applied for investigating acute biochemical effects caused by thallium sulfate (Tl2SO4). Male strain A mice were divided in three groups and received three doses of Tl2SO4 (5, 10 and 20 mg kg−1 b.w., i.p.). Urine samples collected at 3, 24, 72 and 96 h post‐dose time points were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectral data were processed and analyzed using principal components analysis to represent biochemical variations induced by Tl2SO4. Results showed Tl‐exposed mice urine to have distinct metabonomic phenotypes and revealed dose‐ and time‐dependent clustering of treated groups. The metabolic signature of urine analysis from Tl2SO4‐treated animals exhibited an increase in the levels of creatinine, taurine, hippurate and β‐hydroxybutyrate along with a decrease in energy metabolites trimethylamine and choline. These findings revealed Tl‐induced disturbed gut flora, membrane metabolite, energy and protein metabolism, representing physiological dysfunction of vital organs. The present study indicates the great potential of NMR‐based metabonomics in mapping metabolic response for toxicology, which could ultimately lead to identification of potential markers for Tl toxicity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose from cotton stalk using microwave heating
Authors: Zhang GenLin , Zhang Lei , Deng Hui , Sun Ping 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: This paper describes the use of cotton stalk, an agricultural waste, for the preparation of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) using microwave heating. The study includes the optimization of pre‐treatment and preparation processes, and the characterization of product.RESULTS: The optimal cotton stalk pre‐treatment condition involved the addition of 12% alkali to extract cellulose for 6 min at a microwave power of 200 W using the ratio of cotton stalk to solvent 1:9, giving 87.52% cellulose. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the preparation of CMC, with the best conditions for preparation predicted by the model: $m_{\rm {cotton stalk cellulose}}:m_{\rm {sodium hydroxide}}:m_{\rm {sodium chloroacetate}} = {1.0:1.1:1.2}$ with etherification at 195.5 W of microwave power for 1.97 min. Under these conditions, CMC with degree of substitution (DS) 0.77, viscosity 498.0 cps and purity 92% was produced. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy indicated that the product had the characteristics of a high DS. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particles were nearly clava in shape with length ranging from about 12–100 µm. The product met the quality standards of GB/T1904‐2005.CONCLUSION: Preparation of CMC from cotton stalk using microwave heating can shorten the processing time and may be considered a feasible alternative, contributing to solving environmental problems resulting from cotton stalk. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Inter‐annual and inter‐decadal variability of Kuroshio heat transport in the East China Sea
Authors: Zhang Qilong , Hou Yijun , Yan Tingzhuang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractHigh inter‐annual and inter‐decadal variability was identified in the Kuroshio heat transport (KHT), primarily following 5.4‐, 22‐ and 2‐year cycles. The KHT experienced a sharp climatic jump around 1976. Inter‐decadal variability of the KHT was strongly associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). A linear long‐term KHT upward trend was identified from 1956 to 2003, and the KHT increased 0.65 × 1015 W in this period. The northeastward volume transport of the Kuroshio made a greater contribution to the KHT across the PN section than sea temperature did. Correlation and composite analyses showed that the meridional wind anomalies over the Kuroshio area and the southern portion of the South China Sea were responsible for the inter‐annual variability of the KHT in the East China Sea, i.e. the KHT increased (decreased) when the southerly (northerly) anomalies strengthened. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Comparative evaluation of oxidative enzyme activities during adventitious rooting in the cuttings of grapevine rootstocks
Authors: Kose Cafer , Erdal Serkan , Kaya Ozkan , Atici Okkeş 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: This study investigated changes in peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities through adventitious rooting in hardwood cuttings of grapevine rootstocks. Three grapevine rootstocks with different propensity to produce adventitious roots were selected: recalcitrant (Ramsey), non‐recalcitrant (Rupestris du Lot) and intermediate (99R) cultivars.RESULTS: The averages of root number at 65 days were 96 in Lot, 76 in 99R and 30 in Ramsey. Both enzyme activities characteristically increased before adventitious rooting, regardless of rooting ability of the rootstocks, and then decreased. POX activity increased in Ramsey cuttings at 22 days, in Lot and 99R cuttings at 14 days after planting, and then decreased gradually until 51 days. The highest POX activity was determined in Ramsey rootstock with the highest rooting ability and the lowest activity was determined in the rootstocks with the lowest rooting ability. PPO activity gradually increased in Ramsey rootstock cuttings from 10 days to 22 days, in Lot and 99R cuttings at 14 days, and then decreased until 51 days. A significant correlation was identified between high POX activity and adventitious rooting capability in rootstocks, but the same result was not determined with PPO activity.CONCLUSION: A recalcitrant rooting variety cannot increase POX activity sufficiently before rooting. Therefore applications that could increase POX activity in stem cuttings during rooting may facilitate increased rooting in such rootstocks. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Self‐worth mediates the effects of violent loss on PTSD symptoms
Authors: Mancini Anthony D. , Prati Gabriele , Black Sarah 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAlthough research has confirmed that violent losses can exacerbate grief reactions, few investigations have explored underlying mechanisms. In this study, the authors used a dataset on bereaved spouses and bereaved parents at 4‐ and 18‐months postloss to examine the mediating effects of self‐worth and worldviews (benevolence and meaningfulness beliefs). Persons bereaved by violent causes had significantly more posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), grief, and depression symptoms at 4‐ and 18‐months postloss than persons bereaved by natural causes. Moreover, self‐worth but not worldviews mediated the effects of violent loss on PTSD and depression symptoms cross sectionally and PTSD symptoms longitudinally. Findings underscore that self‐views are a critical component of problematic reactions to violent loss, but fail to support the role of “shattered” worldviews.
Study of blends of linear poly(ether ether ketone) of high melt viscosity and hyperbranched poly(ether ether ketone)
Authors: Li Xiujie , Zhang Shuling , Wang Hui , Zhang Chunfeng , Pang Jinhui , Mu Jianxin , Ma Gang , Wang Guibin , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLinear poly(ether ether ketone) (LPEEK) with high melt viscosity was blended with hyperbranched poly(ether ether ketone) (HPEEK) to enhance its melt processability without sacrificing its comprehensive performance. The advantage of using HPEEK is due to its unique spherical shape, low melt viscosity and ready availability. Rheological measurements show that blending LPEEK with as little as 1 wt% HPEEK results in about 17% reduction of melt viscosity. LPEEK/HPEEK blends only show one glass transition temperature, indicating complete miscibility, which results from the similar molecular structure of the two components. The HPEEK component, as rheology modifier, accelerates the crystallization rate of LPEEK. Notably, with the addition of 3 wt% HPEEK, the mechanical properties of LPEEK are improved. Good miscibility is proposed to be responsible for the improved mechanical properties. Moreover, the addition of HPEEK does not decrease the thermal stability of LPEEK. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.
The effect of soft‐segment structure on the properties of novel thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on an unconventional chain extender
Authors: Kultys Anna , Rogulska Magdalena , Głuchowska Halina 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) are now widely used because of their excellent properties that include high tensile and tear strength, and good abrasion, impact and chemical resistance. TPUs are multiblock copolymers with alternating sequences of hard segments composed of diisocyanates and simple diols (chain extenders) and soft segments formed by polymer diols. Commonly used hard segments for TPUs are derived from 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and aliphatic diols. The aim of our research was to examine the possibility of obtaining TPUs with good tensile properties and thermal stability by using an unconventional aliphatic‐aromatic chain extender, containing sulfide linkages. Three series of novel TPUs were synthesized by melt polymerization from poly(oxytetramethylene) diol, poly(ε‐caprolactone) diol or poly(hexane‐1,6‐diyl carbonate) diol of number‐average molecular weight of 2000 g mol−1 as soft segments, MDI and 3,3′‐[methylenebis(1,4‐phenylenemethylenethio)]dipropan‐1‐ol as a chain extender. The structure and basic properties of the polymers were examined using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Shore hardness and tensile tests. It is possible to synthesize TPUs from the aliphatic‐aromatic chain extender with good tensile properties (strength up to 42.6 MPa and elongation at break up to 750%) and thermal stability. Because the structure of the newly obtained TPUs incorporates sulfur atoms, the TPUs can exhibit improved antibacterial activity and adhesive properties. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Biocomposites developed using water‐plasticized wheat gluten as matrix and jute fibers as reinforcement
Authors: Reddy Narendra , Yang Yiqi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBiocomposites developed from wheat gluten using water without any chemicals as plasticizer and jute fibers as reinforcement have much better flexural and tensile properties than similar polypropylene composites reinforced with jute fibers. Wheat gluten is an inexpensive and abundant co‐product derived from renewable resources and is biodegradable but non‐thermoplastic. Previous attempts at developing biocomposites from wheat gluten have used plasticizers such as glycerol or chemical modifications to make gluten thermoplastic. However, plasticizers have a considerably negative effect on the mechanical properties of the composites and chemical modifications make wheat gluten less biodegradable, expensive and/or environmentally unfriendly. In the research reported, we developed composites from wheat gluten using water as a plasticizer without any chemicals. Water plasticizes wheat gluten but evaporates during compression molding and therefore does not affect the mechanical properties of the composites. The effect of composite fabrication conditions on the flexural, tensile and acoustic properties was studied in comparison to polypropylene composites reinforced with jute fibers. Wheat gluten composites had flexural strength (20 MPa), tensile strength (69 MPa) and tensile modulus (7.7 GPa) values approximately twice those of polypropylene composites. Water is an effective plasticizer for wheat gluten and could be used to develop various types of inexpensive and biodegradable wheat gluten‐based thermoplastics. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Metribuzin transport in undisturbed soil cores under controlled water potential conditions: experiments and modelling to evaluate the risk of leaching in a sandy loam soil profile
Authors: Pot Valérie , Benoit Pierre , Menn Mona Le , Eklo Ole‐Martin , Sveistrup Tore , Kværner Jens 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Mobility of pesticides in soils is often evaluated and characterised in the surface soil layers rather than at different depths where soil characteristics such as soil organic matter, microbial biomass or clay contents can strongly change pesticide behaviour. The objective of this work was to characterise the reactivity of the herbicide metribuzin in three main soil horizons found in the 0–80 cm profile of an alluvial soil of southern Norway under dynamic transport conditions.RESULTS: A laboratory infiltrometer was used to perform percolation experiments in soil cores sampled in the three horizons Ap, Bw and Bw/C, at a fixed matric potential of − 10 cm, thus preventing pores of equivalent radii higher than 0.015 cm from contributing to water flow. The physical equilibrium transport model correctly described the transport of water tracer (bromide). The distribution coefficient Kd values were estimated to be 0.29, 0.17 ± 0.02 and 0.15 ± 0.00 L kg−1 for horizons Ap, Bw and Bw/C respectively, in close agreement with batch sorption data. Degradation was found only for the surface horizon with a short half‐life of about 5 days, in disagreement with longer half‐lives found in batch and field degradation data.CONCLUSION: For all horizons, a kinetic sorption model was needed for better description of metribuzin leaching. Chemical non‐equilibrium was greatest in the Bw horizon and lowest in the Bw/C horizon. Overall, metribuzin exhibited a greater mobility in the deeper horizons. The risk of metribuzin transfer to groundwater in such alluvial soils should therefore be considered. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Classical design structure of orthogonal designs with six to eight factors and sixteen runs
Authors: Johnson Mark E. , Jones Bradley 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMost two‐level fractional factorial designs used in practice involve independent or fully confounded effects (so‐called regular designs). For example, for 16 runs and 6 factors, the classical resolution IV design with defining relation I = ABCE = BCDF = ADEF has become the de facto gold standard. Recent work has indicated that non‐regular orthogonal designs could be preferable in some circumstances. Inhibiting a wider usage of these non‐regular designs seems to be a combination of inertia/status quo and perhaps the general resistance and suspicion to designs that are computer generated to achieve ‘X–Y–Z’ optimality. In this paper each of the orthogonal non‐isomorphic two‐level, 16 run designs with 6, 7, or 8 factors (both regular and non‐regular) are shown to have a classical‐type construction with a 24 or a replicated 23 starting point. Additional factor columns are defined either using the familiar one‐term column generators or generators using weighted sums of effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Striatal and extrastriatal microPET imaging of D2/D3 dopamine receptors in rat brain with [18F]fallypride and [18F]desmethoxyfallypride
Authors: Constantinescu Cristian C. , Coleman Robert A. , Pan Min‐Liang , Mukherjee Jogeshwar 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn this study, we compared two different D2/3 receptor ligands, [18F]fallypride and [18F]desmethoxyfallypride ([18F]DMFP) with respect to the duration of the scan, visualization of extrastriatal receptors, and binding potentials (BPND) in the rat brain. In addition, we studied the feasibility of using these tracers following a period of awake tracer uptake, during which the animal may perform a behavioral task. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were imaged with [18F]fallypride and with [18F]DMFP in four different studies using microPET. All scans were performed under isoflurane anesthesia. The first (test) and second (retest) study were 150‐min baseline scans. No retest scans were performed with [18F]DMFP. A third study was a 60‐min awake uptake of radiotracer followed by a 90‐min scan. A fourth study was a 150‐min competition scan with haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) administered via tail vein at 90‐min post‐[18F]fallypride injection and 60‐min post‐[18F]DMFP. For the test–retest studies, BPND was measured using both Logan noninvasive (LNI) method and the interval ratios (ITR) method. Cerebellum was used as a reference region. For the third study, the binding was measured only with the ITR method, and the results were compared to the baseline results. Studies showed that the average transient equilibrium time in the dorsal striatum (DSTR) was at 90 min for [18F]fallypride and 30 min for [18F]DMFP. The average BPND for [18F]fallypride was 14.4 in DSTR, 6.8 in ventral striatum (VSTR), 1.3 in substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), 1.4 in colliculi (COL), and 1.5 in central gray area. In the case of [18F]DMFP, the average BPND values were 2.2 in DSTR, 2.7 in VSTR, and 0.8 in SN/VTA. The haloperidol blockade showed detectable decrease in binding of both tracers in striatal regions with a faster displacement of [18F]DMFP. No significant changes in BPND of [18F]fallypride due to the initial awake state of the animal were found, whereas BPND of [18F]DMFP was significantly higher in the awake state compared to baseline. We were able to demonstrate that dynamic PET using MicroPET Inveon allows quantification of both striatal and extrastriatal [18F]fallypride binding in rats in vivo. Quantification of the striatal regions could be achieved with [18F]DMFP. Synapse 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.