bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of glycans derived from glycoconjugates by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Mechref Yehia 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe high structural variation of glycan derived from glycoconjugates, which substantially increases with the molecular size of a protein, contributes to the complexity of glycosylation patterns commonly associated with glycoconjugates. In the case of glycoproteins, such variation originates from the multiple glycosylation sites of proteins and the number of glycan structures associated with each site (microheterogeneity). The ability to comprehensively characterize highly complex mixture of glycans has been analytically stimulating and challenging. Although the most powerful MS and MS/MS techniques are capable of providing a wealth of structural information, they are still not able to readily identify isomeric glycan structures without high‐order MS/MS (MSn). The analysis of isomeric glycan structures has been attained using several separation methods, including high‐pH anion‐exchange chromatography, hydrophilic interaction chromatography and GC. However, CE and microfluidics CE (MCE) offer high separation efficiency and resolutions, allowing the separation of closely related glycan structures. Therefore, interfacing CE and MCE to MS is a powerful analytical approach, allowing potentially comprehensive and sensitive analysis of complex glycan samples. This review describes and discusses the utility of different CE and MCE approaches in the structural characterization of glycoproteins and the feasibility of interfacing these approaches to MS.
Actual evapotranspiration estimation by ground and remote sensing methods: the Australian experience
Authors: Glenn Edward P. , Doody Tanya M. , Guerschman Juan P. , Huete Alfredo R. , King Edward A. , McVicar Tim R. , Van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , Van Niel Thomas G. , Yebra Marta , Zhang Yongqiang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOn average, Australia is a dry continent with many competing uses for water. Hence, there is an urgent need to know actual evapotranspiration (ETa) patterns across wide areas of agricultural and natural ecosystems, as opposed to just point measurements of ETa. The Australian Government has tasked the science agencies with operationally developing monthly and annual estimates of ETa and other hydrological variables, and with forecasting water availability over periods of days to decades, as part of its national water assessment programme. To meet these needs, Australian researchers have become leaders in developing large‐area methods for estimating ETa at regional and continental scales. Ground methods include meteorological models, eddy covariance towers, sap flow sensors and catchment water balance models. Remote sensing methods use thermal infrared, mid infrared and/or vegetation indices usually combined with meteorological data to estimate ETa. Ground and remote sensing ETa estimates are assimilated into the Australian Water Resource Assessment, which issues annual estimates of the state of the continental water balance for policy and planning purposes. The best ETa models are estimated to have an error or uncertainty of 10% to 20% in Australia. Developments in Australian ETa research over the past 20 years are reviewed, and sources of error and uncertainty in current methods and models are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic structure, X‐ray absorption, and optical spectroscopy of LaCoO3 in the ground‐state and excited‐states
Authors: Laref A. , Laref S. , Bin‐Omran S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe present the magnetic and optical properties of various combinations of ordered spin state configurations between low‐spin (LS) state, intermediate‐spin (IS) state, and high‐spin (HS) state of LaCoO3. In this study, we use the state‐of‐the‐art first principles calculations based on generalized gradient (GGA) + Hubbard U approach. The excited‐state properties of different spin configurations of LaCoO3 such as the X‐ray absorption spectra, optical conductivity, reflectivity, and electron energy loss are calculated. We have demonstrated that the optical spectra results can be used for analyzing the spin state of Co3+ ion. The first specie is the local excitation of IS cobalt ions in the LS ground state. The second excitation leads to the stabilization of the mixed IS/HS Co3+ metallic state. At low temperature, the comparison between O 2p and Co 3d projected density of states with the experimental valence band spectra indicates significant IS Co3+ ions and this is in sharp contrast to the HS state which is negligible. The line shape of O 2s and Co 3d core level spectra are well reproduced in this study. The present results are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. The variation in the spectra of different configurations of LaCoO3 suggests a changing in the spin state as the temperature is enhanced from 90 to 500 K. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2012
Three‐year follow‐up of human transplanted kidneys by diffusion‐weighted MRI and blood oxygenation level‐dependent imaging
Authors: Vermathen Peter , Binser Tobias , Boesch Chris , Eisenberger Ute , Thoeny Harriet C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose:To prospectively determine the 3‐year stability and potential changes of functional parameters in renal allograft recipients obtained from diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) MRI.Materials and Methods:Nine renal allograft recipients underwent DWI and BOLD‐MRI twice, once 7 ± 3 months after transplantation, and again 32 ± 2 months after the first MRI. DWI yielded an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the perfusion contribution (FP). BOLD imaging yielded R2*, providing an estimation of renal oxygenation. Coefficients of variation between (CVb) and within subjects (CVw) were calculated.Results:The parameters were stable after 32 months in eight of the nine patients, who had well‐functioning allografts. Mean diffusion values were very similar in the first and second scan. CVw and CVb for ADC values were less than 3.5% and 5.9%, respectively, in cortex and medulla, but were higher for FP (15%–18%). CVw and CVb of R2* were also low (medulla: CVw = 10.8%, CVb = 11.4%; cortex: CVw and CVb = 7.2%). R2* increased significantly (P = 0.035) in cortex but not in medulla, suggesting reduced cortical oxygen content. One subject with decreased glomerular filtration rate demonstrated strongly altered parameters.Conclusion:In the absence of graft dysfunction, DWI and BOLD imaging yield consistent results over 3 years in stable human renal allograft recipients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1133‐1138. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anti‐complementary activity of enzyme‐treated traditional Korean rice wine (Makgeolli) hydrolysates
Authors: Bae Song Hwan , Choi Jang Won , Ra Kyung Soo , Yu Kwang‐Won , Shin Kwang‐Soon , Park Sung Sun , Suh Hyung Joo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Makgeolli brewed from rice contains about 150 g kg−1 alcohol and has a fragrance as well as an acidic and sweet taste. During the brewing process, by‐products such as rice bran and brewery cake are produced. At the end of fermentation the matured mash is transferred to a filter cloth and the Makgeolli is squeezed out from the cake, leaving the lees of the mash. These by‐products have continued to increase every year, resulting in an ecological problem. It is therefore important to develop new uses for them. The objective of this study was to use the by‐products from the brewing of Makgeolli as a valuable functional food or nutraceutical.RESULTS: The anti‐complementary activities of crude polysaccharides isolated from Cytolase hydrolysates of Makgeolli lees at concentrations of 1000 and 500 µg mL−1 were 84.15 and 78.70% respectively. The activity of polysaccharide krestin (PSK) was 60.00% at 1000 µg mL−1. The active polysaccharide obtained with Cytolase comprised mainly glucose and mannose (molar ratio 1.00:0.62).CONCLUSION: Glucose‐ and mannose‐rich crude polysaccharides were isolated from the Cytolase hydrolysate of Makgeolli lees. The polysaccharides retain anti‐complementary activity to enhance the immune system as a functional food or nutraceutical. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Beyond Orientation: The Impact of Electric Fields on Block Copolymers
Authors: Liedel Clemens , Pester Christian W. , Ruppel Markus , Urban Volker S. , Böker Alexander 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSince the first report on electric field‐induced alignment of block copolymers (BCPs) in 1991, electric fields have been shown not only to direct the orientation of BCP nanostructures in bulk, solution, and thin films, but also to reversibly induce order–order transitions, affect the order–disorder transition temperature, and control morphologies' dimensions with nanometer precision. Theoretical and experimental results of the past years in this very interesting field of research are summarized and future perspectives are outlined.
Stress–dilatancy behavior for sand under loading and unloading conditions
Authors: Yin Zhen‐Yu , Chang Ching S. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYExperimental results have shown very different stress–dilatancy behavior for sand under loading and unloading conditions. Experimental results have also shown significant effects of inherent anisotropy. In this article, a micromechanics‐based method is presented, by which the stress–dilatancy relation is obtained through the consideration of slips at the interparticle contacts in all orientations. The method also accounts for the effect of inherent anisotropy in sand. Experimental results on Toyoura sand and Hostun sand are used for illustration of the proposed method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preface: Phys. Status Solidi C 1/2012
Authors: Wang Baoping , Milne Bill , Clavaguera‐Mora Gehan Amaratunga 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe 8th International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVESC 2010) and NANOcarbon 2010 was held in Nanjing, China from Oct. 14–16 in 2010. This international conference was organized by Southeast University, the Engineering Department of the University of Cambridge, IEEE Electron Devices Society, the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Electronics (China) and Jiangsu Vacuum Society of China.IVESC 2010 included numerous sessions on the fundamentals of electron emission, cathode technology, and the applications of electron sources in vacuum electronic devices and vacuum microelectronic and other novel devices. IVESC provides a unique international forum for the presentation of achievements, breakthroughs and developments in electron source technology since electron sources form the heart of vacuum electron devices.The aims of NANOcarbon 2010 were: 1. to establish an international forum for the discussion and promotion of the science and applications of nanomaterials, 2. to maintain awareness of the current developments in the field and 3. to encourage and foster collaborations and networks between researchers in both academia and industry from Europe, Asia and America. The symposium featured talks by distinguished speakers presenting the latest advances in the field, and contributed papers which had also been solicited including poster presentations. Topics covered had included nanomaterial synthesis, processing, characterization, properties and applications. The NANOcarbon 2010 Proceedings will thus provide an excellent opportunity for audience to read about the latest cutting edge research results in carbon nanotube, graphene and nanowire synthesis, development and applications.The conference also reinforced the commitment of IVESC and NANOcarbon to promote international collaboration and facilitate the open exchange of state‐of‐the‐art and state‐of‐the‐practice research findings.
Modular Metal Chalcogenide Chemistry: Secondary Building Blocks as a Basis of the Silicate‐Type Framework Structure of CsLiU(PS4)2
Authors: Neuhausen Christine , Rocker Frank , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe novel uranium thiophosphate CsLiU(PS4)2has been synthesized by reacting uranium metal, Cs2S, Li2S, S, and P2S5at 700 °C in an evacuated silica tube. The crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. CsLiU(PS4)2crystallizes in the rhombohedral space groupR$\bar{3}$c(a= 15.2797(7) Å;c= 28.778(2) Å,V= 5818.7(5) Å3,Z= 18). The structure ofCsLiU(PS4)2is a unique three‐dimensional U(PS4)22–framework with large tunnels with an approximate diameter of 6.6 Å running parallel to the crystallographiccaxis. The tunnels are filled with Cs+cations. The smaller Li+cations are located at tetrahedral sites at the periphery of the channels. In the structure of CsLiU(PS4)2the uranium atoms are coordinated by thiophosphate groups in a pseudotetrahedral fashion, and the PS4groups act as linear connectors. Topologically, CsLiU(PS4)2may be regarded a chalcogenide analogue of silicate frameworks, with the uranium atoms and PS4groups replacing silicon and oxygen atoms. Alternatively, CsLiU(PS4)2may be viewed as a coordination polymer, which is formed in salt melts by the solid state equivalent of the “self‐assembly” reactions in solution. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated Curie–Weiss‐type behavior between 4 K and 300 K. Theμeffof 2.83 μBat 300 K is in agreement with an f2configuration of U4+.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization and Thermal Properties of a Novel Aza‐aromatic Base Adduct of Cadmium Thenoyltrifluoroacetonate: A precursor for Pure Phase Nano‐sized Cadmium(II) Oxide
Authors: Hanifehpour Younes , Mirtamizdoust Babak , Joo Sang Woo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA novel aza‐aromatic base adduct of cadmium(II) thenoyltrifluoroacetonate, [Cd(phen)(ttfa)2] (1), (phen = 1, 10‐phenanthroline; ttfa = thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermal analysis as well as X‐ray crystallography. The single‐crystal structure of this complex shows that the coordination number of the Cd2+ ions are six with two nitrogen donor atoms from aza‐aromatic base ligands and four oxygen donors from two thenoyltrifluoroacetonate ligands. The supramolecular features in these complexes are directed by weak directional intermolecular interactions. The structure of the title complex was optimized by density functional theory calculations. Calculated structural parameters and IR spectra for the title complex are in agreement with the crystal structure. The CdO nanoparticles were obtained by thermolysis of 1 at 180 °C with oleic acid as a surfactant. The average size of the nanoparticles was estimated by the Scherrer equation with the diameter about 45 nm. The morphology and size of the prepared CdO samples were further observed using SEM.
CONVOLUTION OF FUNCTIONALS OF DISCRETE-TIME NORMAL MARTINGALES
Authors: HAN QI , WANG CAISHI , ZHOU YULAN 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLet M=(M)n∈ℕ be a discrete-time normal martingale satisfying some mild requirements. In this paper we show that through the full Wiener integral introduced by Wang et al. (‘An alternative approach to Privault’s discrete-time chaotic calculus’, J. Math. Anal. Appl.373 (2011), 643–654), one can define a multiplication-type operation on square integrable functionals of M, which we call the convolution. We examine algebraic and analytical properties of the convolution and, in particular, we prove that the convolution can be used to represent a certain family of conditional expectation operators associated with M. We also present an example of a discrete-time normal martingale to show that the corresponding convolution has an integral representation.
Effect of meal timing and glycaemic index on glucose control and insulin secretion in healthy volunteers
Authors: Morgan Linda M. , Shi Jiang-Wen , Hampton Shelagh M. , Frost Gary 
Published: December 2011

Shiftworkers have a higher risk of CHD and type 2 diabetes. They consume a large proportion of their daily energy and carbohydrate intake in the late evening or night-time, a factor which could be linked to their increase in disease risk. We compared the metabolic effects of varying both dietary glycaemic index (GI) and the time at which most daily energy intake was consumed. We hypothesised that glucose control would be optimal with a low-GI diet, consumed predominantly early in the day. A total of six healthy lean volunteers consumed isoenergetic meals on four occasions, comprising either high- or low-GI foods, with 60 % energy consumed predominantly early (breakfast) or late (supper). Interstitial glucose was measured continuously for 20 h. Insulin, TAG and non-esterified fatty acids were measured for 2 h following every meal. Highest glucose values were observed when large 5021 kJ (1200 kcal) high-GI suppers were consumed. Glucose levels were also significantly higher in predominantly late high- v. low-GI meals (P < 0·01). Using an estimate of postprandial insulin sensitivity throughout the day, we demonstrate that this follows the same trend, with insulin sensitivity being significantly worse in high energy consumed in the evening meal pattern. Both meal timing and GI affected glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. Avoidance of large, high-GI meals in the evening may be particularly beneficial in improving postprandial glucose profiles and may play a role in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes; however, longer-term studies are needed to confirm this.
U–Pb zircon dating and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic evidence to support a juvenile origin of the ~ 634 Ma El Shalul granitic gneiss dome, Arabian–Nubian Shield
Authors: ALI K. , ANDRESEN A. , MANTON W. I. , STERN R. J. , OMAR S. A. , MAURICE A. E. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe calc-alkaline, gneissic El Shalul granite is the westernmost gneiss dome or core complex within the Arabian–Nubian Shield. Previous studies have indicated that it represents either a window into the underlying pre-Neoproterozoic Sahara metacraton or a melt derived from the metacraton. U–Pb LA-ICP-MS dating of magmatic zircons from two samples of the variably foliated El Shalul pluton gives ages of 637 ± 5 Ma and 630 ± 6 Ma, excluding it from representing exhumed cratonic rocks. The ages are, however, indistinguishable from the age of the Um Ba'anib pluton, constituting the core of the Meatiq Gneiss Dome, as well as several other plutons in the Eastern Desert, indicating an important magmatic pulse in the Arabian–Nubian Shield in Late Cryogenian time. Major and trace element data indicate a within-plate setting. Bulk rock Nd-isotope and Hf-isotope data on zircons from the El Shalul pluton indicate derivation of the primary melt from a relatively juvenile source, either the lower crust of a mid-Neoproterozoic volcanic arc or as a result of fractionation of a mantle-derived mafic melt. Sm–Nd bulk rock isotopic data indicate a model age of c. 720 Ma for the protolith from which the melt was derived. Time-corrected Hf-isotope data obtained on the magmatic zircons indicate that the bulk of the source rock was extracted from the mantle around 810 Ma.
Enhancement in the electromagnetic beam-plasma instability due to ion streaming
Authors: SHUKLA NITIN , STOCKEM A. , FIÚZA F. , SILVA L. O. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractWe investigate the Weibel instability in counter-propagating electron–ion plasmas with focus on the ion contribution, considering a realistic mass ratio. A generalized dispersion relation is derived from the relativistic theory by assuming an initially anisotropic temperature, which is represented by a waterbag distribution in momentum space, which shows an enhanced growth rate due to ion response. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations support the theoretical analysis, showing a further amplification of magnetic field on ion time scale. The effect of an initial anisotropic temperature is investigated showing that the growth rate is monotonously decreased if the transverse spread is increased. Nevertheless, the presence of ions generates that the instability can develop for significantly higher electron temperatures. Suppression of oblique mode is also explored by introducing a parallel velocity spread.
Dust transport over Iraq and northwest Iran associated with winter Shamal: A case study
Authors: Abdi Vishkaee Farhad , Flamant Cyrille , Cuesta Juan , Oolman Larry , Flamant Pierre , Khalesifard Hamid R. 
Published: December 2011

Dynamical processes leading to dust emission over Syria and Iraq, in response to a strong winter Shamal event as well as the subsequent transport of dust over Iraq and northwest Iran, are analyzed on the basis of a case study (22–23 February 2010) using a suite of ground‐based and spaceborne remote sensing platforms together with modeling tools. Surface measurements on 22 February show a sharp reduction in horizontal visibility over Iraq occurring shortly after the passage of a cold front (behind which the northwesterly Shamal winds were blowing) and that visibilities could be as low as 1 km on average for 1–2 days in the wake of the front. The impact of the southwesterly Kaus winds blowing ahead (east) of the Shamal winds on dust emission over Iraq is also highlighted. Unlike what is observed over Iraq, low near‐surface horizontal visibilities (<1 km) over northwest Iran are observed well after the passage of the cold front on 23 February, generally in the hours following sunrise. Ground‐based lidar measurements acquired in Zanjan show that, in the wake of the front, dust from Syria/Iraq was transported in an elevated 1 to 1.5 km thick plume separated from the surface during the night/morning of 23 February. After sunrise, strong turbulence in the developing convective boundary layer led to mixing of the dust into the boundary layer and in turn to a sharp reduction of the horizontal visibility in Zanjan. The timing of the reduction of surface horizontal visibility in other stations over northwest Iran (Tabriz, Qom, and Tehran) is consistent with the downward mixing of dust in the planetary boundary layer just after sunset, as evidenced in Zanjan. This study sheds new light on the processes responsible for dust emission and transport over Iraq and northwest Iran in connection with winter Shamal events. Enhanced knowledge of these processes is key for improving dust forecasts in this region.
Working at the microscope: analysis of the activities involved in diagnostic pathology
Authors: Randell Rebecca , Ruddle Roy A , Quirke Phil , Thomas Rhys G , Treanor Darren 
Published: December 2011

Randell R, Ruddle R A, Quirke P, Thomas R G & Treanor D (2012) Histopathology 60, 504–510 Working at the microscope: analysis of the activities involved in diagnostic pathologyAims:  To study the current work practice of histopathologists to inform the design of digital microscopy systems.Methods and results:  Four gastrointestinal histopathologists were video‐recorded as they undertook their routine work. Analysis of the video data shows a range of activities beyond viewing slides involved in reporting a case. There is much overlapping of activities, supported by the ‘eyes free’ nature of the pathologists’ interaction with the microscope. The order and timing of activities varies according to consultant.Conclusions:  In order to support the work of pathologists adequately, digital microscopy systems need to provide support for a range of activities beyond viewing slides. Digital microscopy systems should support multitasking, while also providing flexibility so that pathologists can adapt their use of the technology to their own working patterns.