bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ce que fait le maintien de l'ordre aux gendarmes et aux policiers
Authors: López Laurent 
Published: April 2009

Résumé La réunification de la gendarmerie et de la police françaises sous une tutelle ministérielle unique à partir du 1 er janvier 2009 est annoncée comme la condition nécessaire et suffisante d’une meilleure collaboration entre ces deux composantes de la force publique nationale. Pari, vœu ou injonction ? Les présupposés du postulat ne s’appuient pas, en tout cas, sur l’étude historique des relations entre les acteurs de ces forces de l’ordre. En effet, durant la Troisième République, le maintien de l’ordre est le produit d’une collaboration étroite entre gendarmes et policiers, en dépit de la dualité de leurs institutions de rattachement et, surtout, d’un cadre formel finalement peu étoffé. L’échange mutuel de savoirs professionnels et de revendications corporatives sont quelques-uns des effets discrets, quoique structurels, de ces rapports conjoncturels entre militaires et civils. Sous certains aspects, le maintien de l’ordre assuré de concert favorise une relative policiarisation de la gendarmerie nationale et, réciproquement, une militarisation de la police.
Comment le tabac est-il devenu une drogue ?
Authors: Godeau Éric 
Published: April 2009

Résumé Le tabac est aujourd’hui assimilé à une toxicomanie, à une consommation dangereuse à laquelle le plus grand nombre entend se soustraire. Ce produit a connu, durant les cinquante dernières années, une disgrâce sans équivalent pour un produit de consommation courante. Au sortir de la seconde guerre mondiale, l’usage du tabac, plus que toléré, était en effet banalisé voire valorisé : Françaises et Français fumaient partout et en toutes circonstances, lieux publics et privés étaient envahis par des volutes de fumées. De 1950 à nos jours, le tabac change de signification, glissant progressivement sur le versant du malsain pour apparaître comme une consommation suspecte, dangereuse, bientôt bannie de l’espace public. Le tabac est devenu une drogue après que la médecine a prouvé les dangers liés à sa consommation, lorsque les législateurs ont mis en place un arsenal législatif contraignant visant à restreindre sa consommation, quand, enfin, les Français ont modifié leur perception à l’égard d’un produit qui véhicule des valeurs sociales et symboliques fortes.
Well‐Defined Regioselective Iminopyridine Rhodium Catalysts for Anti‐Markovnikov Addition of Aromatic Primary Amines to 1‐Octyne
Authors: Alonso‐Moreno Carlos , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Fernando , Romero‐Fernández Javier , Rodríguez Ana M. , Otero Antonio , Antiñolo Antonio 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageA series of cationic rhodium(I) complexes of the type [Rh(N‐N)(COD)][BPh4], containing the following iminopyridine‐based bidentate nitrogen donor ligands (N‐N): 2,6‐diisopropyl‐N‐[1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethylidene]aniline (dipea, 1), 2,6‐dimethyl‐N‐[1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethylidene]aniline (dmpea, 2), 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐N‐[1‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethylidene]aniline (tmpea, 3) and 2,6‐diisopropyl‐N‐[1‐(4‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)ethylidene]aniline] (dipmpea, 4), were synthesized and fully characterized. The intermolecular hydroamination of a terminal alkyne, such as 1‐octyne, with primary aromatic amines in the presence of these cationic rhodium(I) catalysts occurred in an anti‐Markovnikov fashion. The rhodium complexes catalyzed the regioselective formation of the E‐isomer of the corresponding imine, without the formation of the Z‐isomer or the Markovnikov product. These compounds are also presented as efficient regioselective catalysts for the hydroamination of anilines in the presence of air and/or water.
Convenient Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Zinc‐Macrocyclic Oligoamine Complexes
Authors: Gajewy Jadwiga , Kwit Marcin , Gawroński Jacek 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageChiral macrocyclic tetra‐ and hexamine macrocycles derived from trans‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane (DACH) in complexes with diethylzinc efficiently catalyze the asymmetric hydrosilylation of aryl alkyl ketones with enantiomeric excess of the product up to 89%. The cyclic structure of the trianglamine ligand increases the enantioselectivity of the reaction, in comparison to the catalysis with the acyclic N,N′‐dibenzyl‐DACH ligand. Density functional theory (DFT) computations on the structures of ligand‐zinc complexes and on the structures of these complexes with a coordinated acetophenone molecule allow us to rationalize the direction of the asymmetric induction of the hydrosilylation reaction as well as the superiority of the cyclic ligand compared to the acyclic one. This is the first example of asymmetric catalysis for the hydrosilylation reaction of ketones with the use of a readily available, inexpensive, and reusable macrocyclic trianglamine ligand.
Copper‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Diboron Reagents to α,β‐Unsaturated Amides: Highly Reactive Copper‐1,2‐ Bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene Catalyst System
Authors: Chea Heesung , Sim Hak‐Suk , Yun Jaesook 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageAn efficient copper catalyst system for the β‐boration of α,β‐unsaturated amides has been developed. Copper‐bisphosphine complexes with small bite angles generate efficient catalyst systems for the successful conjugate addition of bis(pinacolato)diboron to a variety α,β‐unsaturated amides under mild conditions. This method was utilized in the formal synthesis of (S)‐fluoxetine.
On the use of large time steps with ELLAM for transport with kinetic reactions over heterogeneous domains
Authors: Fahs Marwan , Younes Anis , Delay Frederick 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAn Eulerian Lagrangian localized adjoint method (ELLAM) is considered for the resolution of advection‐dominated transport problems in porous media. Contrary to standard Eulerian methods, ELLAM can use large time steps because the advection term is approximated accurately without any CFL restriction. However, it is shown in this article that special care must be taken for the approximation of the dispersive and reactive terms when large time steps are used over heterogeneous domains. An alternative procedure is proposed. It is based on an equivalent dispersion coefficient or an equivalent reaction rate when different zones are encountered during the tracking. Numerical experiments are performed with variable dispersion or variable reaction rates over space (including nonlinearity). When classical ELLAM require numerous time steps to handle heterogeneity, the alternative procedure is shown to perform with the same accuracy in a single time step. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Distributed model predictive control of nonlinear process systems
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Muñoz de la Peña David , Christofides Panagiotis D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis work focuses on a class of nonlinear control problems that arise when new control systems which may use networked sensors and/or actuators are added to already operating control loops to improve closed‐loop performance. In this case, it is desirable to design the pre‐existing control system and the new control system in a way such that they coordinate their actions. To address this control problem, a distributed model predictive control method is introduced where both the pre‐existing control system and the new control system are designed via Lyapunov‐based model predictive control. Working with general nonlinear models of chemical processes and assuming that there exists a Lyapunov‐based controller that stabilizes the nominal closed‐loop system using only the pre‐existing control loops, two separate Lyapunov‐based model predictive controllers are designed that coordinate their actions in an efficient fashion. Specifically, the proposed distributed model predictive control design preserves the stability properties of the Lyapunov‐based controller, improves the closed‐loop performance, and allows handling input constraints. In addition, the proposed distributed control design requires reduced communication between the two distributed controllers since it requires that these controllers communicate only once at each sampling time and is computationally more efficient compared to the corresponding centralized model predictive control design. The theoretical results are illustrated using a chemical process example. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Associations of factor VIIIc, D‐dimer, and plasmin–antiplasmin with incident cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality
Authors: Folsom Aaron R. , Delaney Joseph A.C. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Zakai Neil A. , Jenny Nancy S. , Polak Joseph F. , Cushman Mary 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo examine the associations of three understudied hemostatic factors—D‐dimer, factor VIIIc, and plasmin‐antiplasmin (PAP) complex—with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all cause mortality in the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Hemostatic factors were measured at baseline in 45–84‐year‐old patients (n = 6,391) who were free of clinically recognized CVD. Over 4.6 years of follow‐up, we identified 307 CVD events, 207 hard coronary heart disease events, and 210 deaths. D‐dimer, factor VIIIc, and PAP were not associated with CVD incidence after adjustment for other risk factors. In contrast, each factor was associated positively with total mortality, and D‐dimer and factor VIIIc were associated positively with cancer mortality. When modeled as ordinal variables and adjusted for risk factors, total mortality was greater by 33% (95% CI 15–54) for each quartile increment of D‐dimer, 26% (11–44) for factor VIIIc, and 20% (4–38) for PAP. This prospective cohort study did not find D‐dimer, factor VIIIc, or PAP to be risk factors for CVD. Instead, elevated levels of these three hemostatic factors were associated independently with increased risk of death. Elevated D‐dimer and factor VIIIc were associated with increased cancer death. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased prevalence of cardiovascular defects among 56,709 California twin pairs
Authors: Hardin J. , Carmichael S.L. , Selvin S. , Lammer E.J. , Shaw G.M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study compared the prevalence of cardiovascular defects in twin and singleton births and explored the influences of zygosity (monozygotic and dizygotic) and maternal age (<35 and ≥35 years of age) on concordance. Data on twin and singleton infants with (n = 628 twin pairs and n = 14,078 singletons) and without (n = 53,974 twin pairs and n = 4,858,255 singletons) cardiovascular defects were obtained from the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program and the California vital statistics birth and fetal death records during the period 1983–2003. Prevalence ratios (PR) (prevalence of twin/singleton) and approximate 95% confidence intervals were calculated for 16 congenital cardiovascular categories. Poisson regression techniques using log‐linear models were employed to assess whether the probability of concordance of defects within each cardiovascular category varied by zygosity or maternal age. An increased prevalence was observed in twins compared to singletons in all 16 cardiovascular categories. Seven of the cardiovascular categories had at least double the prevalence in twins compared to singletons. Like‐sex twins, as a proxy of monozygosity, had an increased prevalence of cardiovascular defects compared to unlike sex twins. Probabilities of concordance for flow lesions were higher among monozygotic than dizygotic twins. Our study provides evidence that twinning is associated with more cardiovascular defects than singletons. Increased concordance for flow lesions in monozygotic twins was observed, an observation that is in agreement with findings from familial recurrence studies of cardiovascular defects. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pure monosomy and pure trisomy of 13q21.2–31.1 consequent to a familial insertional translocation: Exclusion of PCDH9 as the responsible gene for autosomal dominant auditory neuropathy (AUNA1)
Authors: Grati Francesca R. , Lesperance Marci M. , De Toffol Simona , Chinetti Sara , Selicorni Angelo , Emery Sarah , Grimi Beatrice , Dulcetti Francesca , Malvestiti Barbara , Taylor Joseph , Milani Silvia , Ruggeri Anna M. , Maggi Federico , Simoni Giuseppe 
Published: April 2009

AbstractInsertional translocations (IT) are rare structural rearrangements. Offspring of IT balanced carriers are at high risk to have either pure partial trisomy or monosomy for the inserted segment as manifested by “pure” phenotypes. We describe an IT between chromosomes 3 and 13 segregating in a three‐generation pedigree. Short tandem repeat (STR) segregation analysis and array‐comparative genomic hybridization were used to define the IT as a 25.1 Mb segment spanning 13q21.2–q31.1. The phenotype of pure monosomy included deafness, duodenal stenosis, developmental and growth delay, vertebral anomalies, and facial dysmorphisms; the trisomy was manifested by only minor dysmorphisms. As the AUNA1 deafness locus on 13q14‐21 overlaps the IT in the PCDH9 (protocadherin‐9) gene region, PCDH9 was investigated as a candidate gene for deafness in both families. Genotyping of STRs and single nucleotide polymorphisms defined the AUNA1 breakpoint as 35 kb 5′ to PCDH9, with a 2.4 Mb area of overlap with the IT. DNA sequencing of coding regions in the AUNA1 family and in the retained homologue chromosome in the monosomic patient revealed no mutations. We conclude that AUNA1 deafness does not share a common etiology with deafness associated with monosomy 13q21.2–q31.3; deafness may result from monosomy of PCHD9 or another gene in the IT, as has been demonstrated in contiguous gene deletion syndromes. Precise characterization of the breakpoints of the translocated region is useful to identify which genes may be contributing to the phenotype, either through haploinsufficiency or extra dosage effects, in order to define genotype–phenotype correlations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential PERP regulation by TP63 mutants provides insight into AEC pathogenesis
Authors: Beaudry Veronica G. , Pathak Navneeta , Koster Maranke I. , Attardi Laura D. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAnkyloblepharon Ectodermal Dysplasia and Cleft Lip/Palate (AEC) or Hay–Wells Syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a variety of phenotypes in ectodermal derivatives, including severe skin erosions, ankyloblepharon, coarse and wiry hair, scalp dermatitis, and dystrophic nails. AEC is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the TP63 transcription factor, specifically in the Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) domain. The exact mechanism, however, by which these specific TP63 mutations lead to the observed spectrum of phenotypes is unclear. Analysis of individual TP63 target genes provides a means to understand specific aspects of the phenotypes associated with AEC. PERP is a TP63 target critical for cell–cell adhesion due to its participation in desmosomal adhesion complexes. As PERP null mice display symptoms characteristic of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes, we hypothesized that PERP dysfunction might contribute to AEC. Using luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrate here that PERP induction is in fact compromised with some, but not all, AEC‐patient derived TP63 mutants. Through analysis of skin biopsies from AEC patients, we show further that a subset of these display aberrant PERP expression, suggesting the possibility that PERP dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. These findings demonstrate that distinct AEC TP63 mutants can differentially compromise expression of downstream targets, providing a rationale for the variable spectra of symptoms seen in AEC patients. Elucidating how specific TP63 target genes contribute to the pathogenesis of AEC will ultimately help design novel approaches to diagnose and treat AEC. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NR2F1 deletion in a patient with a de novo paracentric inversion, inv(5)(q15q33.2), and syndromic deafness
Authors: Brown Kerry K. , Alkuraya Fowzan S. , Matos Michael , Robertson Richard L. , Kimonis Virginia E. , Morton Cynthia C. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn an effort to discover genes important for human development, we have ascertained patients with congenital anomalies and cytogenetically balanced chromosomal rearrangements. Herein, we report a 4‐year‐old girl with profound deafness, a history of feeding difficulties, dysmorphism, strabismus, developmental delay, and an apparently balanced de novo paracentric chromosome 5 inversion, inv(5)(q15q33.2). Molecular cytogenetic analysis of the inversion revealed the presence of microdeletions of approximately 400–500 kb at or near both breakpoints. The 5q15 microdeletion completely removes the nuclear receptor NR2F1 (COUP‐TFI) from the inverted chromosome 5. We propose haploinsufficiency of NR2F1 to be the cause of the patient's deafness and many of the other associated anomalies based on striking similarity with the Nr2f1 null mouse. Additionally, this study further highlights the need for high resolution analysis of clinical samples with chromosomal rearrangements as associated deletions may be primarily responsible for the clinical features of these patients. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathogenic FBN1 mutations in 146 adults not meeting clinical diagnostic criteria for Marfan syndrome: Further delineation of type 1 fibrillinopathies and focus on patients with an isolated major criterion
Authors: Faivre L. , Collod‐Beroud G. , Callewaert B. , Child A. , Loeys B.L. , Binquet C. , Gautier E. , Arbustini E. , Mayer K. , Arslan‐Kirchner M. , Kiotsekoglou A. , Comeglio P. , Grasso M. , Beroud C. , Bonithon‐Kopp C. , Claustres M. , Stheneur C. , Bouchot O. , Wolf J.E. , Robinson P.N. , Adès L. , De Backer J. , Coucke P. , Francke U. , De Paepe A. , Boileau C. , Jondeau G. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMutations in the FBN1 gene cause Marfan syndrome (MFS) and have been associated with a wide range of milder overlapping phenotypes. A proportion of patients carrying a FBN1 mutation does not meet diagnostic criteria for MFS, and are diagnosed with “other type I fibrillinopathy.” In order to better describe this entity, we analyzed a subgroup of 146 out of 689 adult propositi with incomplete “clinical” international criteria (Ghent nosology) from a large collaborative international study including 1,009 propositi with a pathogenic FBN1 mutation. We focused on patients with only one major clinical criterion, [including isolated ectopia lentis (EL; 12 patients), isolated ascending aortic dilatation (17 patients), and isolated major skeletal manifestations (1 patient)] or with no major criterion but only minor criteria in 1 or more organ systems (16 patients). At least one component of the Ghent nosology, insufficient alone to make a minor criterion, was found in the majority of patients with isolated ascending aortic dilatation and isolated EL. In patients with isolated EL, missense mutations involving a cysteine were predominant, mutations in exons 24–32 were underrepresented, and no mutations leading to a premature truncation were found. Studies of recurrent mutations and affected family members of propositi with only one major clinical criterion argue for a clinical continuum between such phenotypes and classical MFS. Using strict definitions, we conclude that patients with FBN1 mutation and only one major clinical criterion or with only minor clinical criteria of one or more organ system do exist but represent only 5% of the adult cohort. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coupling Microdroplet Microreactors with Mass Spectrometry: Reading the Contents of Single Droplets Online
Authors: Fidalgo Luis M. , Whyte Graeme , Ruotolo Brandon T. , Benesch Justin L. P. , Stengel Florian , Abell Chris , Robinson Carol V. , Huck Wilhelm T. S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVoll integriert: Massenspektrometrie (MS) wurde in ein Detektionsschema für Mikrotröpfchen integriert, die in Mikrofluidik‐Kanälen generiert werden (siehe Bild; Maßstab 200 μm). Diese Technik ermöglicht die Identifizierung von Tröpfchen anhand der darin enthaltenen Verbindungen und kombiniert Fluoreszenz‐Screening mit MS‐Analyse. Ähnliche Ansätze könnten genutzt werden, um Proteinevolution und chemische Synthesen auf einem Chip zu realisieren.magnified image
Iridium Catalysis for CH Bond Arylation of Heteroarenes with Iodoarenes
Authors: Join Benoît , Yamamoto Takuya , Itami Kenichiro 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEffiziente Kupplungen äquimolarer Mengen der Kupplungspartner und mehrfache C‐H‐Arylierungen gelingen mit einem Ir‐basierten Katalysesystem für die C‐H‐Arylierung elektronenreicher Heteroarene mit Iodarenen zum Aufbau ausgedehnter π‐Systeme. Ein drastischer Einfluss des Liganden auf die Effizienz der Reaktion führte zur Erkenntnis, dass der Crabtree‐Katalysator (siehe Schema; Cy=Cyclohexyl, Py=Pyridin) die optimale Katalysatorvorstufe ist.magnified image
Ein sphärisches Molekül mit einem Kohlenstoff‐freien Ih‐C80‐topologischen Gerüst
Authors: Scheer Manfred , Schindler Andrea , Gröger Christian , Virovets Alexander V. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDer vollständige Einschluss des ortho‐Carborans durch ein Fulleren‐artiges Bausteinsystem aus Pentaphosphaferrocen und CuICl führt zur Bildung des sphärischen Supermoleküls C2B10H12§[{Cp*Fe(η5‐P5)}12(CuCl)20]. Dieses Produkt einer templatkontrollierten Aggregation ist das erste Kohlenstoff‐freie C80‐Analogon mit Ikosaedersymmetrie.magnified image
Olive‐Shaped Chiral Supramolecules: Simultaneous Self‐Assembly of Heptameric Lanthanum Clusters and Carbon Dioxide Fixation
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Liang , Wang Wen‐Hua , Dou Wei , Jiang Jie , Liu Wei‐Sheng , Qin Wen‐Wu , Zhang Guo‐Lin , Zhang Hong‐Rui , Yu Kai‐Bei , Zheng Li‐Min 
Published: April 2009

AbstractKohlendioxid gefasst: Sechs chirale reduzierte Schiff‐Basen mit Aminosäureeinheiten und sieben LaIII‐Ionen bilden mithilfe des CO32−‐Ions ein neuartiges heptameres Lanthan‐Übermolekül (siehe Bild). Der Cluster liegt ausschließlich als chirale Tripelhelix vor. Das CO32−‐Ion, das sich von Luft‐CO2 ableitet, verbrückt in einer seltenen μ3‐dreizähnigen Koordination drei LaIII‐Ionen, womit der Cluster effizient CO2 fixieren kann.magnified image
Titelbild: A Phosphorus Analogue of Bis(η4‐cyclobutadiene)iron(0) (Angew. Chem. 17/2009)
Authors: Wolf Robert , Slootweg J. Chris , Ehlers Andreas W. , Hartl František , de Bruin Bas , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEin Phosphoranalogon des Komplexes Bis(η4‐cyclobutadien)eisen(0) wird von K. Lammertsma et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3150 ff. vorgestellt. Im Hintergrund des Titelbilds posiert John Montagu (1718–1792), 4th Earl of Sandwich und Erster Lord der Admiralität, der es sich sicherlich nicht hätte träumen lassen, dass eines Tages eine wichtige Klasse von Organometallverbindungen nach ihm benannt werden würde. Die Synthese von [Fe(P2C2tBu2)2] belegt, dass die Sandwich‐Komplexe immer noch ein aktuelles Forschungsgebiet sind.magnified image
Innentitelbild: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Argiotoxin 636 and Analogues: Selective Antagonists for Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors (Angew. Chem. 17/2009)
Authors: Nelson Jared K. , Frølund Sidsel U. , Tikhonov Dennis B. , Kristensen Anders S. , Strømgaard Kristian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSpinnen der Gattung Argiope beispielsweise die Argiope lobata, setzen giftige Polyamine ein, die Glutamat‐Rezeptoren stark, aber nicht selektiv blockieren. Geringfügige Änderungen an der Struktur der nativen Toxine, wie sie K. Strømgaard et al. in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3133 ff. beschreiben, induzieren eine Selektivität für bestimmte Rezeptor‐Unterarten.magnified image