bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Simulation of the Dispersion of Accidental Emission Release of Hazardous Substance on Industrial Site Using 3D Modeling
Authors: Libre Jean-Marie , Tripathi Amita , Le Guellec Malo , Mailliard Thibault , Guérin Stéphanie , Souprayen Claude , Castellari Aldo 
Published: December 2011

Summary
The knowledge in real time of the concentration fields resulting from the accidental release of a hazardous substance would be extremely valuable information as support for emergency actions and for impact evaluation on the industrial site itself and its vicinity. For that purpose, a modeling platform is being developed and applied to simulate in real time the atmospheric dispersion of a hazardous substance at the scale of the industrial site and also of its surroundings. The industrial site of Lacq (France) has been chosen as a pilot, and the key hazardous substance considered in this study is hydrogen sulfide (H2S). A 3D computational-fluid-dynamic (CFD) model (Fluidyn-Panepr) has been chosen to simulate the 3D wind-field pattern on the industrial site, taking into account the details of the installations. This approach enables a simulation as close as possible of the turbulence and flow around the buildings that could not be achieved with a standard Gaussian approach. For that purpose, a detailed numerical model of the Lacq installation was built on the basis of a thorough review of the existing installations and an evaluation of their size and "porosity." Wind fields were calculated for a set of predefined boundary conditions based on the climatology of the site. Investigations were carried out to ensure that site information systems could deliver the information available from the H2S sensors and on-site meteorological station in real time. The real-time approach is made possible by the use of a complete wind-field precalculated database automatically selected in case of accidental release by comparison with real-time wind-direction and -speed measurements from the meteorological station located on the industrial site. The location and intensity of the source term are determined using a probabilistic approach (Bayesian inference), making use of both real-time measurements and precalculated concentration responses from unitary emissions (puffs) on sensors. This approach was validated successfully using a limited number of sensors and sources but with the complex structure and flow patterns expected on the site. The activation of the simulation platform is triggered by the detection of threshold concentrations at the sensors. The estimated source term is then used in forward dispersion mode to simulate the dispersion in (fast) Lagrangian puff mode. The modeling platform will be validated through measurement campaigns with a neutral species in 2010.
Multi-Well Real-Time 3D Structural Modeling and Horizontal Well Placement: An Innovative Workflow for Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Azike Ogochukwu 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Horizontal well performance in shale gas plays is highly dependent on placing the well in the preferred target zone of the reservoir interval. Some operators who drill in shale plays do not have seismic data and depth structural maps. They plan their horizontal wells with only offset well data. Sometimes, their wells land outside of the preferred target because they blindly place horizontal wells by using only non-directional gamma ray (GR) log data. For optimal well planning and placement for optimized production, it is important to minimize uncertainty about reservoir structure and placement.
Usually, operators create a depth map from identified markers such as well tops correlated across available wells in the field. The generated map is limited and often leads to landing laterals outside the target zone, especially when well control is not ideal. The aim of this paper is to illustrate a method of building structural maps and 3D geologic models for drilling in shale gas reservoirs. This methodology lends itself particularly well (but not exclusively) to the pad drilling approach common in shale gas development. The use of logging-while-drilling (LWD) technology can be strategically planned from pad to pad to help mitigate structural uncertainty.
Data from 42 horizontal and 6 vertical wells in the project area allowed real-time density image and azimuthal logs to be coupled with vertical offset well information to model the structure along the drilled horizontal well trajectory. The model integrated all the well tops and real-time bedding dip information to produce modeled surfaces.
The structural model generated during this study can be used for new well landing-point planning with limited true vertical depth uncertainty and for other fieldwide reservoir characterization. If structure information becomes available from seismic data, this technique also can be used to update the structural model derived from seismic interpretation, thereby delivering enhanced structural control of the field.
Effects of Fluid and Rock Properties on Reserve Estimation
Authors: Ling Kegang , Shen Zheng 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Oil and gas reserves are the most important assets for oil companies. An accurate estimation of reserves not only helps listed oil companies prepare solid annual reserves reports required by SEC, but also guarantees the good reward from divesting assets or reasonable price to farm-in asset. A precise reserves calculation is the fundamentality for production forecast, which is vital to the sale contract, thus the feasibility of project. It controls the cash flow and most of all the sustainable development of the company. The importance of reserve estimation cannot be overemphasized whatsoever.
We know that in the practice of exploration and production, all efforts are to obtain fluid and rock properties such as porosity, permeability, saturation, rock and fluid compressibility, viscosity, fluid gravity, gas z-factor, saturation pressure, reservoir pressure and temperature. Due to the instrument sensitivity, limitation, measurement error, environmental effect, sample interval, location, the representative of sample, and Mother Nature of these properties, there is always uncertainty. In this research, a systematic study on the effects of fluid and rock properties on reserves estimation had been conducted. Effect of each property on reserves estimation is quantified through sensitivity analysis. As a result of this study, a comprehensive picture of how fluid and rock properties affect the reserves was brought to engineers. Reserves evaluator can use this to estimate the range of reserves as a consequence of uncertainty. With this study, we realized their different impacts on reserves. Therefore main efforts should go to the variables that affect the reserves most.
Flow Back Water Treatment Using Swellable Organosilica Media
Authors: Edmiston P. L. , Keener J. , Buckwald S. , Sloan B. , Terneus J. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
ABS Materials has developed a new type of swellable organophilic material that extracts a wide array of dissolved hydrocarbons from oil field waters. With funding from the U.S. Department of Energy (SBIR Program) orchestrated through the National Energy Technology Laboratory, ABS Materials has been engineering systems to use swellable glass to treat flow back waters to remove dissolved organics. Two pilot scale systems were built: a non-regenerating skid-mounted system which handles inputs of up to 4 gal/min and a 60 gal/min trailer mounted system which included a mechanism for swellable glass regeneration.
Evaluating the Impact of Wellbore Azimuth in the Marcellus Shale
Authors: Zinn Christopher , Blood David R. , Morath Phillip 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
It is common industry knowledge that horizontal shale gas development is enhanced by drilling in the orientation parallel to the local minimum principal horizontal stress such that the induced hydraulic fractures grow parallel to the maximum horizontal stress during completion. Given the incongruous nature of mineral leases in the Marcellus Shale play, operators often drill in orientations that are sub parallel to this preferred azimuth in the interest of saturating acreage positions. What remains unknown is the degree to which this deviation from the preferred azimuth affects treatment pressures and/or more importantly well productivity. This case study will incorporate proprietary and public data in order to relate Marcellus well productivity to deviation from preferred horizontal well azimuth.
In the effort to assess the impact horizontal wellbore azimuth bears on completions and well productivity, the productivity of wells in EQT’s core development areas has been correlated with the well’s deviation from minimum horizontal principal stress as determined from the analysis of over 25 image logs and cores across Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Furthermore, over 500 public domain wells released from the PA DEP and WV Geological Survey have been parsed and normalized to determine whether or not similar correlations can be made. The conclusions drawn from this study will determine if productivity is related to preferred wellbore azimuth and the regional variability of the relationship. Technical, logistical, and economic analysis will be applied to conclusions.
This study has drawn some value from initial Marcellus public datasets that, while statistically significant in size, often lack in detail. The shortcomings of this large dataset will be normalized by the detailed datasets acquired from EQT’s core development areas. The ability to relate deviation from preferred wellbore azimuth to productivity will allow EQT and other operators to develop acreage more efficiently and optimize capital allocation.
Development and Evaluation of Pseudo Capillary Pressure in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Shirdel Mahdy , Abbaszadeh Maghsood , Gerardo Incera Garrido , Rodriguez-de la Garza Fernando 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Large volumes of oil are left behind in matrix system of naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR) with expanding gas cap and/or encroaching water influx upon years of oil production. Such systems are subjected to natural gravity drainage or induced gravity drainage/imbibitions by injection of external gas or chemical EOR treatments. Proper modeling of gravity drainage is a very challenging task for such situations in naturally fractured reservoirs. This is because the gravity term is not explicitly included in the exchange function between matrix and fracture in dual continuum formulation of most commercial numerical simulators. Classical discrete fracture models are generally impractical for being computationally expensive.
Much work has been done in the past on alternate ways of capturing gravity effects in numerical simulations of fractured systems. Often, pseudo capillary pressure terms have been proposed that combine gravity and rock capillary pressures and mimic proper transfer of fluids between matrix and fractures. Several methods have been published in the literature for the computation of pseudo capillary pressure for single and multiple matrix cases with varying results. However, their applicability and conditions for their applicability have remained uncertain.
In this paper we introduce a new method to derive pseudo capillary pressures that preserve gravity effects for both water/oil and gas/oil systems under various conditions. The method is applied to single block and multiple block cases, and is benchmarked against the corresponding single-porosity fine-grid simulations with explicit fractures. The paper also investigates other available pseudo capillary pressure methods on the same matrix/fracture configurations to evaluate their performance and to compare with the new method of this paper. Our simulation results show that proper pseudo capillary pressures effectively incorporate the gravity effects in simulations of oil/water and gas/oil systems; and as such they significantly improve modeling of oil recovery in dual porosity models. This capability is highly crucial in full-field simulations of naturally fractured reservoirs with continuum models.
Legionella Species in Year-Round vs. Seasonal Accommodation Water Supply Systems
Authors: Rakić Anita , Perić Jelena , Štambuk-Giljanović Nives , Mikrut Antonija , Bakavić Ana-Spomenka 
Published: December 2011

LegionellaSpecies in Year-Roundvs.Seasonal Accommodation Water Supply SystemsThe purpose of this study was to compare the quality of hot water between eleven hotels in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia that are open year round and 10 summer season hotels and retirement homes with irregular use of water. We took 122 samples between May and December 2009. Water temperature and free residual chlorine were measuredin situ.Physical and chemical analysis included pH, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, calcium, and magnesium that were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while theLegionellaspecies were determined using a cultivation method on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar.Differences in metal concentrations between the seasonal and year-round accommodation facilities were negligible, save for zinc that was higher in year-round (0.341 mg L-1) than in seasonal facilities (0.130 mg L-1).Samples from all year-round and six summer season hotels were negative to theLegionellaspecies, but four seasonal facilities turned up with positive samples toLegionella pneumophila.Our study has demonstrated that water quality differs between year-round and seasonal accommodation facilities. These findings suggest that metal plumbing components and associated corrosion products are important factors in the survival and growth ofLegionellaspecies in water distribution systems.
Mineral Oil Drinking Water Pollution Accident in Slavonski Brod, Croatia
Authors: Knežević Zvonimira , Nadih Martina , Josipović Renata , Grgić Ivanka , Cvitković Ante 
Published: December 2011

Zagađenje pitke vode mineralnim uljima u slavonskom brodu21. rujna 2008. godine u Slavonskom Brodu dolazi do prodora mazuta iz toplinskih podstanica u toplovode, zatim u cijevi koje vode toplu vodu do slavina za toplu i hladnu vodu u stanovima. Cilj je ovog rada prikazati tijek događaja zbog nezgode i postupke koji bi se mogli primijeniti u eventualnim sličnim situacijama.Kemijski parametri "A"-analize definirani Pravilnikom o zdravstvenoj ispravnosti vode za piće (Narodne novine 47/08) određeni su spektrofotometrijskim i titrimetrijskim metodama, dok su mikrobiološki pokazatelji analizirani metodama membranske filtracije i određivanja ukupnog broja bakterija. Za analizu mineralnih ulja upotrijebljena je metoda infracrvene spektroskopije. Epidemiološku obradu stanovnika proveli su epidemiolozi. Ispiranje vodovodnih cijevi obavljeno je vodom i detergentom BIS O 2700.Nezgoda prodora mazuta u pitku vodu trajala je od 21. rujna do početka studenoga 2008. godine. Razlog nastanka nezgode jest kvar izmjenjivača za toplu vodu u toplinskim podstanicama koji je prouzročio miješanje vode iz toplovoda u kojem ima i mazuta, s toplom vodom za stanove na slavinama.U tom su razdoblju analizirana ukupno 192 uzorka vode: 174 uzorka na "A"-analizu, 192 uzorka na mineralna ulja te 5 uzoraka na policikličke aromatske ugljikovodike (PAH) i aromatske ugljikovodike: benzen, toluen, etilbenzen i ksilen (BTEX). Mineralna ulja bila su prisutna iznad maksimalno dopuštene koncentracije (MDK) u 55 uzoraka vode, "A"-analiza nije odgovarala u dva slučaja, a PAH i BTEX bili su ispod MDK.Za uspješnost rješavanja ovakvih situacija potreban je multidisciplinarni pristup s jasnim ovlastima svih institucija.
Determination of donepezil hydrochloride in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC with fluorescence detection
Authors: Abonassif Mohammed , Hefnawy Mohammed , Kassem Mohamed , Mostafa Gamal 
Published: December 2011

Determination of donepezil hydrochloride in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations by HPLC with fluorescence detectionA sensitive, isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method involving fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of donepezil hydrochloride in tablets and in human plasma. Pindolol was used as an internal standard. Good chromatographic separation was achieved by using an analytical column C18. The system operated at room temperature using a mobile phase consisting of methanol, phosphate buffer (0.02 mol L-1) and triethyl amine (pH 3.5) (55: 45: 0.5,V/V/V) at a flow rate 0.9 mL-1min. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from human plasmavialiquid-liquid extraction. The proposed method was validated for sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 5-2000 ng mL-1of donepezil with detection limit of 1.5 ng mL-1. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were less than 2.5 %. The method was found to be suitable for quality control of donepezil hydrochloride in bulk drug as well as in human plasma.
Kinematics and Kinetics of Taekwon-do Side Kick
Authors: Wąsik Jacek 
Published: December 2011

Kinematics and Kinetics of Taekwon-do Side Kick
The aim of the paper is to present an analysis of the influence of selected kinematic factors on the side kick technique. This issue is especially important in the traditional version of taekwon-do, in which a single strike may reveal the winner. Six taekwon-do (International Taekwon-do Federation) athletes were asked to participate in this case study. Generally accepted criteria of sports technique biomechanical analysis were adhered to. The athletes executed a side kick three times (in Taekwon-do terminology referred to as yop chagi) in a way which they use the kick in board breaking. The obtained data were used to determine the mean velocity changes in the function of relative extension length of the kicking leg. The maximum knee and foot velocities in the Cartesian coordinate system were determined. The leg lifting time and the duration of kick execution as well as the maximum force which the standing foot exerted on the ground were also determined. On the basis of the obtained values, mean values and standard deviations were calculated. The correlation dependence (r=0.72) shows that greater knee velocity affects the velocity which the foot develops as well as the fact that the total time of kick execution depends on the velocity which the knee (r = -0.59) and the foot (r = -0.86) develop in the leg lifting phase. The average maximum speed was obtained at the length of the leg equal to 82% of the maximum length of the fully extended leg. This length can be considered the optimum value for achieving the maximum dynamics of the kick.
The Contribution of Sport as a Means of Inclusion in Discussions of Sustainable Development for Visually Disabled People
Authors: Pereira Ramon , Osborne Renata , Cabral Soraia , da Silva Carlos 
Published: December 2011

The Contribution of Sport as a Means of Inclusion in Discussions of Sustainable Development for Visually Disabled PeopleThis study investigated how high-performance sport improved the quality of life and facilitated the inclusion of blind athletes in discussions about sustainable development at the Benjamin Constant Institute. It was also revealed that the blind still face discrimination, and that society associates the blind's visual disabilities with their other characteristics.
Effects of enzymatic treatments on surface morphology and chemical structure of linen fabrics
Authors: Karaca B. , Bozacı E. , Demir A. , Ozdogan E. , Seventekin N. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn previous studies; effects of enzymatic treatments on linen fabrics have been mostly investigated in terms of wettability, sorption properties, whiteness‐yellowness index, and K/S values after dyeing. However, surface chemistry and topography of enzyme‐treated linen fabrics have not been reported enough. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of pectinase treatments on surface structure and chemical properties of greige linen fabrics by using instrumental techniques. After enzymatic treatment, adequate removal of noncellulosic impurities from the fiber surface has been proved by AFM images and O1/C1 ratio of the treated surface. Water drop test measurement and absorbance spectrographs of FTIR analysis have supported the results. It was observed that achievement in bioscouring is familiar to conventional alkaline scouring. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Lanthanide(III) Complexes That Contain a Self‐Immolative Arm: Potential Enzyme Responsive Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Chauvin Thomas , Torres Susana , Rosseto Renato , Kotek Jan , Badet Bernard , Durand Philippe , Tóth Éva 
Published: December 2011

AbstractEnzyme‐responsive MRI‐contrast agents containing a “self‐immolative” benzylcarbamate moiety that links the MRI‐reporter lanthanide complex to a specific enzyme substrate have been developed. The enzymatic cleavage initiates an electronic cascade reaction that leads to a structural change in the LnIII complex, with a concomitant response in its MRI‐contrast‐enhancing properties. We synthesized and investigated a series of Gd3+ and Yb3+ complexes, including those bearing a self‐immolative arm and a sugar unit as selective substrates for β‐galactosidase; we synthesized complex LnL1, its NH2 amine derivatives formed after enzymatic cleavage, LnL2, and two model compounds, LnL3 and LnL4. All of the Gd3+ complexes synthesized have a single inner‐sphere water molecule. The relaxivity change upon enzymatic cleavage is limited (3.68 vs. 3.15 mM−1 s−1 for complexes GdL1 and GdL2, respectively; 37 °C, 60 MHz), which prevents application of this system as an enzyme‐responsive T1 relaxation agent. Variable‐temperature 17O NMR spectroscopy and 1H NMRD (nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion) analysis were used to assess the parameters that determine proton relaxivity for the Gd3+ complexes, including the water‐exchange rate (kex298, varies in the range 1.5–3.9×106 s−1). Following the enzymatic reaction, the chelates contain an exocyclic amine that is not protonated at physiological pH, as deduced from pH‐potentiometric measurements (log KH=5.12(±0.01) and 5.99(±0.01) for GdL2 and GdL3, respectively). The Yb3+ analogues show a PARACEST effect after enzymatic cleavage that can be exploited for the specific detection of enzymatic activity. The proton‐exchange rates were determined at various pH values for the amine derivatives by using the dependency of the CEST effect on concentration, saturation time, and saturation power. A concentration‐independent analysis of the saturation‐power‐dependency data was also applied. All these different methods showed that the exchange rate of the amine protons of the YbIII complexes decreases with increasing pH value (for YbL3, kex=1300 s−1 at pH 8.4 vs. 6000 s−1 at pH 6.4), thereby resulting in a diminution of the observed CEST effect.