bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Ongole Grade Cattle weight prediction through Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Dakhlan A , Adhianto K , Qisthon A , Husni A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ongole Grade (OG) cattle are commonly raised by many farmers in Indonesia, particularly in rural and remote areas where weighing scales are not readily available. The weight of these OG cattle can be estimated by utilizing their body measurements through the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This research aimed to predict the body weight (BW) of OG cattle, which are primarily kept by smallholder farmers, using PCA based on various body measurements such as body length (BL), chest girth (CG), shoulder height (SH), and chest width (CW). Additionally, the effectiveness of PCA-based predictions was compared with a multiple linear regression model. This study involved a total of 120 OG cattle, comprising 26 males and 94 females. The PCA of the body measurements, as well as the correlation and regression between these measurements (BL, CG, SH, and CW) and BW, were analyzed using the R programming language. The selection criteria for identifying the best-fit model for BW prediction were based on statistical indicators including coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, residual standard error (RSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The findings of this investigation revealed that the primary factors representing body measurements were PC1 for both male (accounting for 89.21% variance) and female OG cattle (accounting for 85.71% variance). In comparison to the regression models, those generated from three PCs for males and two PCs for females demonstrated greater precision and simplicity in estimating the BW of OG cattle, without encountering multicollinearity issues. Consequently, the outcomes of this study have practical applications, serving as a means to predict the BW of OG cattle and contributing to selection programs within this cattle breed.
Physicochemical Analysis of Spent Hen Chicken Sausages with Jelly Mushroom (Auricularia auricula) Powder Inclusion as a Substitute for Sodium Tripolyphosphate
Authors: Dewi M M , Barido F H , Puruhita  , Hertanto B S , Cahyadi M , Kartikasari L R , Sujiwo J , Kim J , Kim H Y , Jang A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the substitution effect of the Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) with jelly mushroom (Auricularia auricula) powder (JMP)at various concentration on quality attributes of the spent hen chicken sausages. Using a completely randomized design (CRD), this experiment consisting of five treatments and three replications. The treatments including group with 0,3% STPP (P0; w/w), and inclusion of jelly mushroom at 1%, 2%, and 3%, labelled with T1, T2, T3; w/w, respectively. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that the increase in (JMP)substitution up to 3% levels had a significant effect on the tenderness, WHC, and pH value. The addition of (JMP)had no significant effect on the cooking loss, ranging from 4,74 to 6,33%. Substitutions of STPP with JMP in spent hen sausages even at the 1% level generated a significant effect on collagen, fat, and moisture contents and decreased protein content. The addition of jelly mushroom powder up to 1% levels will reduce fat, collagen, and moisture contents. This study inferred that the JMP can be used as an alternative substitution for STPP at the level of 1%, while the use of JMP in spent hen sausages at more than 1% would negatively affect the quality attributes of spent hen chicken sausage.
Osmoprotective function of betaine maintains the physiological parameters of quail raised in tropical environments
Authors: Ratriyanto A , Prastowo S , Sofyan A , Widyas N , Pradista L A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The high environmental temperature in the tropics adversely affects the physiology and performance of poultry. Betaine is an organic osmolyte that assists the birds in counteracting the deleterious effects of heat stress. This study observed the physiological parameters of laying quail raised in tropical environments and receiving betaine supplementation in the diet. A total of 224 21-day-old quails were distributed to two treatments with seven replicates of 16 birds. The treatments were the basal diet (Control) and the basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg betaine (Betaine). The rectal temperature, respiration rate, and tonic immobility were measured in the morning (07.00h), afternoon (13.00h), and evening (19.00h). The temperature humidity index in the morning, afternoon, and evening were 24.7, 29.4, and 27.6, respectively, suggesting the birds expressing heat stress. Administering betaine in the diet reduces the rectal temperature, respiration rate, and tonic immobility in all measurement times (P<0.01), indicating that betaine maintains the physiological condition in quail. In conclusion, betaine functions as an organic osmolyte to assist the birds in coping with heat stress
Gross Margin Analysis of Brahman Cross Weaned Cattle Farmers with a Partnership System in Central Java
Authors: Pratomo D.A. , Kusumastuti T.A. , Muzayyanah M.A.U. , Panjono  
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The research aimed to objective the gross margin income of weaned Brahman cross (BX) cattle raised by smallholder farmers in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. This research involved 30 farmers who are partners of feedlot company. The technique of identifying respondents used purposive sampling method. Smallholder farmers involved in this study are farmers who raise cattle from partnerships with feedlot company in Indonesia. The scale of business was 5 head per farmer. The partnered cattle were weaned BX cattle aged 3 to 6 months. This research was a survey method. The data taken were primary and secondary data. Primary data collected included feed consumption and body weight during 12 months of cattle production. Secondary data collected were all variable data, namely feed costs, livestock shipping costs, livestock health costs, livestock group levy, livestock insurance, and interest costs. Revenue was only obtained from the sale of feeder cattle. The data is then used to calculate Average Daily Gain (ADG), Break Event Point (BEP) and gross margin analysis. Data was analysed quantitatively descriptively. The ADG results obtained were 0.62+0.09kg/day, variable costs were IDR 13,611,300.21+1,363,499.82 per head. The BEP unit and BEP price for weaned BX cattle kept by smallholder farmers are respectively 302.47±30.30kg/head, and IDR 35,231.89±3,288.41/bodyweight. The value for the final weight of cattle was obtained at 402.68 ± 41.47 kg and the existing value for cattle prices was IDR 45,000.00/BW so existing value higher than BEP. The gross margin results obtained by smallholder farmers were IDR 3,851,699.79 per head. The gross margin income obtained is positive so it is profitable. It is concluded that raising weaned BX cattle using a partnership system is profitable and the BEP value is smaller than the existing value, so it is feasible to implement.
Structural connectivity changes in unilateral hearing loss
Authors: Tsai Pascale , Latypov Timur H , Hung Peter Shih-Ping , Halawani Aisha , Srisaikaew Patcharaporn , Walker Matthew R , Zhang Ashley B , Wang Wanzhang , Hassannia Fatemeh , Barake Rana , Gordon Karen A , Ibrahim George M , Rutka John , Hodaie Mojgan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Network connectivity, as mapped by the whole brain connectome, plays a crucial role in regulating auditory function. Auditory deprivation such as unilateral hearing loss might alter structural network connectivity; however, these potential alterations are poorly understood. Thirty-seven acoustic neuroma patients with unilateral hearing loss (19 left-sided and 18 right-sided) and 19 healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted imaging to assess edge strength, node strength, and global efficiency of the structural connectome. Edge strength was estimated by pair-wise normalized streamline density from tractography and connectomics. Node strength and global efficiency were calculated through graph theory analysis of the connectome. Pure-tone audiometry and word recognition scores were used to correlate the degree and duration of unilateral hearing loss with node strength and global efficiency. We demonstrate significantly stronger edge strength and node strength through the visual network, weaker edge strength and node strength in the somatomotor network, and stronger global efficiency in the unilateral hearing loss patients. No discernible correlations were observed between the degree and duration of unilateral hearing loss and the measures of node strength or global efficiency. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of structural connectivity in hearing by facilitating visual network upregulation and somatomotor network downregulation after unilateral hearing loss.
Performing Homeric islands: Homeric receptions in (post-)Hellenistic Asia
Authors: He Yanxiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article presents critical interpretations of the Sophytos inscription in comparison with the K-pop song ‘Sugar Rush Ride’ within the context of the cultural politics of sugar production in modern colonialism. It posits that both pieces individually engage with discreet episodes concerning Homeric islands in the Odyssey: Odysseus’ lying about his Cretan background in book 14 and the lotus-eating story in book 9. Meanwhile, both refer to the Phaeacian episode in book 8. In doing so, this article not only underscores the significance of this Homeric epic as a rich mine from which people across different time periods and geographic areas (such as Kandahar and Korea) draw inspiration, but also contributes to a re-evaluation of the epistemic foundation of research on Hellenistic Central Asia and its legacy.
Strain partitioning, transfer and implications for the ongoing process of intracontinental graben formation in the northwestern margin of the Ordos block, China: insights from densified GNSS measurements
Authors: Hao Ming , Li Yuhang , Song Shangwu , Zhuang Wenquan , Wang Qingliang 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
The northwestern margin of the Ordos block is structurally separated by the Yinchuan–Hetao graben system. As one of the most active intracontinental graben systems within the Eurasian continent, its kinematic pattern of crustal extension is crucial for unraveling the ongoing processes of intracontinental graben formation, while it remains unclear principally due to a lack of geological constraints on crustal deformation. We obtained and analysed a densified GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) velocity field in this region. Our results suggest that the western margin of the Hetao graben exhibits the NW-directed crustal extension (∼ 1.1 mm yr−1), which can be attributed to the conjugate transtension resulting from the left-lateral motion along the E–W-trending northern boundaries of the Alashan and Ordos blocks, as well as the right-lateral motion along the N–S-trending western margin of the Ordos block. Additionally, in response to the NE-directed extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau, the Alashan block undergoes approximately NE-directed contraction (4.9 ± 1.1 nanostrain yr−1) and NW-directed extrusion (2.8 ± 0.8 nanostrain yr−1), which vacates space for the crustal extension of the Yinchuan graben with a rate of 0.9 ± 0.1 mm yr−1. Although it is challenging to determine whether the left-lateral motion (approximately 1 mm yr−1) along the E–W-trending Hetao graben is the far-field effect of western Pacific subduction, the gradual decrease in right-lateral motion from the N–S-trending western margin of the Ordos block toward the north side of the Yinshan Orogen manifests the far-field effect of the Indo-Eurasian plate convergence extending into the Mongolian Plateau.
‘We thought supporting was strengthening’: re-examining the role of external assistance for health systems strengthening in Zimbabwe post-COVID-19
Authors: Mhazo Alison T , Maponga Charles C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Zimbabwe has received substantial external assistance for health since the early 2000s, including funding earmarked for, or framed as, health systems strengthening (HSS). This study sought to examine whether external assistance has strengthened the health system (i.e. enabled comprehensive changes to health system performance drivers) or has just supported the health system (by increasing inputs and improving service coverage in the short term). Between August and October 2022, we conducted in-depth key informant interviews with 18 individuals and reviewed documents to understand: (1) whether external funding has supported or strengthened Zimbabwe’s health system since the 2000s; (2) whether the experience of COVID-19 fosters a re-examination of what had been considered as HSS during the pre-pandemic era; and (3) areas to be reconsidered for HSS post COVID-19. Our findings suggest that external funders have supported Zimbabwe to control major epidemics and avert health system collapse. However, the COVID-19 pandemic showed that supporting the health system is not the same as strengthening it, as it became apparent at that time that the health sector is plagued with several system-wide bottlenecks. External funding is fragile and highly unsustainable, which reinforces the oft-ignored reality that HSS is a sovereign mandate of country-level authorities, and one that falls outside the core interests of external funders. The key positive lesson from the pandemic is that Zimbabwe is capable of raising domestic resources to fund HSS. However, there is no guarantee that such funding will be maintained. There is a need, then, to reconsider government’s stewardship for HSS. External funders need to re-examine whether their funding really strengthens the national health system or just supports the country to provide basic services in their areas of interest.
School-based learning about sugary drinks: possibilities and potential for curriculum approaches supporting health promotion in New Zealand
Authors: Trask Suzanne , Thornley Simon , Sundborn Gerhard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Achieving greater alignment with national curriculum and local school and teacher objectives alongside a deeper understanding of student needs can enhance the impact and reach of health promotion interventions. This study reports on teacher perspectives of a multi-pathway curriculum outline supporting learning (Grades 7-9) about sugary drinks. The outline was developed to support scale-up and sustainability of a successful sugary drink intervention trialed in four New Zealand secondary schools. Sixteen teachers from a range of subjects provided input via focus groups. Inductive qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify and interpret patterns within the data. Sugary drinks were perceived to be an important and engaging learning context. Teachers valued the potential long-term societal benefits of health-based learning and benefits to individual students and their families. They recognised students as health communicators and influencers within families and communities. Relevance to students’ lives and alignment with national curriculum and assessment objectives and teacher subject expertise were key factors in learning pathway selection. Teacher support is crucial in facilitating sustainable school-based health promotion, which often does not sit within a single curriculum area. Factors such as these, that teachers prioritise in their curriculum decision-making, must be understood and leveraged in school-based health promotion research.
Enhanced toluene removal from aqueous solutions using reed straw-derived biochar
Authors: Lv Haorui , Leng Haihan , Li Bohan , Wang Qianyu , Ma Ximan , Zhou Runxuan , Yue Xiaoju , Wu Guodong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The escalating threat of pollutants, particularly aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), in aquatic environments necessitates effective remediation strategies. This study explores the potential of biochar derived from common reed (Phragmites australis) as a sustainable and multifaceted tool for the removal of toluene, a representative BTEX compound, from aqueous solutions. By harnessing reed straw as the precursor material for biochar production, this research showcases an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional disposal methods, such as incineration, offering the dual benefit of pollutant removal and carbon emissions reduction. The influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties and its adsorption efficiency for toluene were rigorously examined, revealing a direct correlation between temperature and biochar’s pollutant sequestration capabilities. Results indicate that higher pyrolysis temperatures led to biochar (RB-750) with superior specific surface area (68.07 m2/g) and enhanced adsorption capabilities, demonstrating its potential as a powerful adsorbent in water treatment. The scanning electron microscope analysis revealed a complex, porous structure rich in active sites, validating the biochar’s suitability for pollutant adsorption. Optimal dosage was determined at 8 g/l, achieving an impressive toluene removal efficiency of 98.1%. Additionally, pH and initial toluene concentration significantly influenced removal efficiency. This study underscores the multifaceted potential of reed straw-derived biochar in combating water pollution while concurrently contributing to carbon emissions reduction through sustainable utilization of abundant wetland resources. Further research should delve into the impact of real-world conditions on its effectiveness, promising innovative solutions for environmental remediation efforts with a reduced carbon footprint.
Dynamical mass determination and partial eclipses of the heartbeat star HD 181793
Authors: Uronen Laura E , Cameron Andrew Collier , Wilson Thomas G 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We identify the bright Am-type star HD 181793 to be a previously unknown eclipsing, chemically peculiar heartbeat binary, the second of its kind known. The system carries an orbital period of $P = 11.47578275 \pm 0.00000055$ d. We use TESS photometry and LCOGT NRES radial velocity data to build a self-consistent orbital model and determine the fundamental stellar characteristics of the primary. We use a spectral separation method to unveil the secondary and measure the masses of both stars. The radial velocity amplitude of the primary, $K_1 = 47.41\, {^ {+0.13}}_ {-0.12}$ km s−1, gives a mass $M_1 = 1.57 \pm 0.01$ M$_\odot$. The secondary radial velocity amplitude $K_2 = 84.95\, {^ {+0.12}}_ {-0.09}$ km s−1 yields a mass ratio $q = 0.558 \pm 0.002$ and a secondary mass $M_2 = 0.87 \pm 0.01$ M$_\odot$. From the spectral energy distribution and Gaia parallax, we find a radius $R_1 = 2.04 \pm 0.05$ R$_\odot$. The grazing transit profile and spectroscopic luminosity ratio indicate $R_2 = 1.04\, {^ {+0.15}}_ {-0.10}$ R$_\odot$, suggesting an early-K spectral type. We show that the heartbeat feature in the TESS light curve can be explained by time-varying ellipsoidal variation, driven by the orbital eccentricity of $e = 0.3056\, {^ {+0.0024}}_ {-0.0026}$, and relativistic beaming of the light of the primary. We find no evidence of tidally excited oscillations.
Fine structure of the age–chromospheric activity relation in solar-type stars: II. Hα line
Authors: Souza dos Santos P V , Porto de Mello G F , Costa-Bhering E , Lorenzo-Oliveira D , Almeida-Fernandes F , Dutra-Ferreira L , Ribas I 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Excess chromospheric emissions within deep photospheric lines are effective proxies of stellar magnetism for FGK stars. This emission decays with stellar age and is a potential determinant of this important stellar quantity. We report absolutely calibrated H $\alpha$ chromospheric fluxes for 511 solar-type stars in a wide interval of precisely determined masses, [Fe/H], ages, and evolution states from high S/N, moderately high$-$resolution spectra. The comparison of H $\alpha$ and H + K chromospheric fluxes reveals a metallicity bias (absent from H $\alpha$) affecting Ca ii H + K fluxes thereby metal-rich stars with deep line profiles mimic low chromospheric flux levels, and vice versa for metal-poor stars. This bias blurs the age–activity relation, precluding age determinations for old, inactive stars unless mass and [Fe/H] are calibrated into the relation. The H + K lines being the most widely studied tool to quantify magnetic activity in FGK stars, care should be exercised in its use whenever wide ranges of mass and [Fe/H] are involved. The H $\alpha$ age–activity–mass–metallicity calibration appears to be in line with the theoretical expectation that (other parameters being equal) more massive stars possess narrower convective zones and are less active than less massive stars, while more metal-rich stars have deeper convective zones and appear more active than metal-poorer stars. If regarded statistically in tandem with other age diagnostics, H $\alpha$ chromospheric fluxes may be suitable to constrain ages for FGK stars with acceptable precision.
The Difference of Addictive Behavior of Free-Base Nicotine and Nicotine Salts in Mice Base on an Aerosol Self-Administration Model
Authors: Zhang Hao , Han Shulei , Fan Lei , Liu Guanglin , Zhang Yuan , Chen Huan , Hou Hongwei , Hu Qingyuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The distinctions in the biological impacts of distinct forms of nicotine have become a prominent subject of current research. However, relatively little research has been done on the addictive effects of different forms of nicotine.

Aims and Methods
The aerosol self-administration device was briefly characterized by determining aerosol concentration, particle size, and distributional diffusion of the aerosol. And the aerosol self-administration model was constructed at 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL of nicotine to select the appropriate nicotine concentration. Subsequently, the model was used to explore the differences in aerosol self-administration behavior of free-base nicotine and nicotine salts and the behavioral differences after withdrawal.

Results
We successfully constructed mouse aerosol self-administration models at 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL nicotine concentrations. In the study of the difference in addictive behaviors between free-base nicotine and nicotine salts, mice with free-base nicotine and different nicotine salts showed varying degrees of drug-seeking behavior, with nicotine benzoate showing the strongest reinforcement. In post-withdrawal behavioral experiments, nicotine salts mice showed more robust anxiety-like behaviors.

Conclusions
These results confirm the successful development and stability of the nicotine aerosol self-administration model. Furthermore, they demonstrated that nicotine salts enhance drug-seeking behavior to a greater extent than free-base nicotine, with nicotine benzoate exhibiting the most significant effects.

Implications
In this study, an aerosol self-administered model of mice was constructed, which can be used not only for comparing the effects of free-base nicotine and nicotine salts on the behavior but also for other addictive drugs, such as fentanyl and cannabis. In addition, this study shows that nicotine salts may be more addictive compared to free-base nicotine, which is a reference for the future use of nicotine salts in tobacco products such as e-cigarettes.