bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary malignancies among nonseminomatous germ cell tumor cancer survivors
Authors: Chamie Karim , Kurzrock Eric A. , Evans Christopher P. , Litwin Mark S. , Koppie Theresa M. , Wootton‐Gorges Sandra L. , Boone John M. , Lara Primo N. , deVere White Ralph W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Men on active surveillance for clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) undergo frequent computed tomography imaging to avoid delayed detection of disease. Irradiation from frequent imaging and chemotherapy upon progression may place patients at increased risk of a second malignancy. In this study, the authors sought to identify such an increased risk among men who chose initial surveillance for NSGCT.METHODS:The authors utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program and stratified the cohort based on whether they underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). A propensity‐score model was used to adjust for covariates, and a competing‐risks regression analysis was performed to estimate cumulative incidence rates of second malignancy. Incidence risk ratios were predicted by using the cumulative incidence rates per 10,000 patients.RESULTS:There was no statistically significant increase in the incidence of a secondary malignancy for the entire cohort of testicular cancer survivors. However, when the analysis was restricted to patients with clinical stage I NSGCT, nonsurgical management only in those aged >45 years was an independent predictor of developing a second malignancy. For every 10,000 patients with stage I NSGCT who chose to forego RPLND, an absolute excess incidence of 22, 52, and 73 secondary malignancies would be diagnosed at 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that patients aged >45 years who forego RPLND for T1 or T2 clinical stage I NSGCT are more likely to develop a second malignancy than those who do undergo RPLND. Nonsurgical management of NSGCT may be associated with more long‐term health risks than primary RPLND. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
A survey of stereotactic body radiotherapy use in the United States
Authors: Pan Hubert , Simpson Daniel R. , Mell Loren K. , Mundt Arno J. , Lawson Joshua D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a technique used to deliver high, ablative doses of radiation in a limited number of fractions to ≥1 extracranial target(s). To the authors' knowledge, the prevalence of SBRT use among radiation oncologists in the United States is unknown.METHODS:A random sample of 1600 American radiation oncologists was surveyed via e‐mail and facsimile (fax) regarding SBRT usage, including year of adoption, motivations, disease sites treated, and common prescriptions used.RESULTS:Of 1373 contactable physicians, 551 responses (40.1%) were received. The percentage of physicians using SBRT was 63.9% (95% confidence interval, 60%‐68%), of whom nearly half adopted it in 2008 or later. The most commonly cited reasons for adopting SBRT were to allow the delivery of higher than conventional radiation doses (90.3%) and to allow retreatment (73.9%) in select patients. Academic physicians were more likely to report research as a motivation for SBRT adoption, whereas physicians in private practice were more likely to list competitive reasons. Among SBRT users, the most common disease sites treated were lung (89.3%), spine (67.5%), and liver (54.5%) tumors. Overall, 76.0% of current SBRT users planned to increase their use, whereas 66.5% of nonusers planned to adopt the technology in the future.CONCLUSIONS:SBRT has rapidly become a widely adopted treatment approach among American radiation oncologists. Further research and prospective trials are necessary to assess the benefits and risks of this novel technology. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Second‐line chemotherapy for recurrent carcinoma of the ovary
Authors: Thigpen J. Tate , Vance Ralph B. , Khansur Tawfig 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDespite relatively high response rates to chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma, most patients eventually will have progressive disease that will require additional therapy. Most efforts to study such second‐line or “salvage” chemotherapy have been single‐arm trials of small numbers of patients, which report widely variable response rates, relatively short response durations, and short survival times. Only recently have certain critical patient characteristics been recognized as important in determining appropriate therapy as follows: (1) the extent and volume of disease at recurrence and (2) the type and duration of response to prior chemotherapy. Patients with small‐volume disease confined to the peritoneal cavity have a far better chance of achieving a response to second‐line chemotherapy with subsequent prolonged survival than do those with bulky disease or disease outside the abdomen. Perhaps even more critical is the distinction between those patients whose neoplasm is still “clinically sensitive” to the platinum‐containing compounds (initial response to platinum‐based therapy and relapse more than 6 months after cessation of treatment) and those with “clinically resistant” disease (progression during or within 6 months of front‐line platinum‐based therapy). Those considered clinically sensitive to platinum‐based therapy should be retreated with a platinum‐containing regimen at the time of recurrence. Those with evidence for resistance should receive alternative treatment with one or more drugs capable of inducing responses in such patients. These drugs currently include: taxol, ifosfamide, and hexamethylmelamine.
Paradigms for Sustainable Development: Implications of Management Theory
Authors: Dutta Saurav , Lawson Raef , Marcinko David 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWe provide a framework for examining the trade‐offs between socio‐environmental, organizational, and managerial goals. Using this framework we examine management choices under agency and stewardship theories. We advance a theory of social stewardship to explain behavior inconsistent with both agency and stewardship. We illustrate that social stewardship behavior by managers and principals, while best from a societal perspective, is not a viable management approach under current business and regulatory conditions. This conclusion is vital to public policymakers who seek to foster socially desirable behavior by publicly traded companies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A novel scoring system combining expression of CD23, CD20, and CD38 with platelet count predicts for the presence of the t(11;14) translocation of mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Medd Patrick G. , Clark Nithiya , Leyden Kevin , Turner Susan , Strefford Jennifer A. , Butler Caroline , Collins Graham P. , Roberts David J. , Atoyebi Wale , Hatton Chris S. R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:Both chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are CD5/19 positive. The t(11;14) MCL translocation is identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and can distinguish the two disorders. We attempted to identify flow cytometric and other markers predictive of a positive FISH test.Methods:We examined 100 atypical CLL/MCL cases for demographic, hematological, and cytometric variables, 96 were FISH tested for t(11;14) and four were known MCL.Results:Twenty‐two cases were confirmed as MCL. Multivariate analysis identified four variables associated with MCL: Thrombocytopenia (taken as Plt < 150 × 109/L), CD23 negative, CD20 strong, and CD38 positive, with these variables a four‐point score was devised. By ROC analysis, the MCL score was superior in differentiating MCL to the Marsden CLL score (AUC 0.95 vs. 0.78). MCL score ≥2 showed sensitivity 1, specificity 0.66, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.49, and negative predictive value (NPV) 1 for MCL. The score was then prospectively validated on an independent cohort of 44 cases of atypical CLL/MCL. No MCL had a score <3. Validation PPV/NPV of score ≥3 were 0.5/1. Overall survival in MCL was shorter compared to t(11;14) negative patients (median 3.3 vs. 4.2 years, HR 2.2, 95% CI 0.87–5.5, P = 0.1).Conclusions:The score described can be used to identify cases of CD5/19 positive lymphoproliferative disorders likely to be t(11;14) positive MCL. © 2011 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Methodological comparison of two anti‐ZAP‐70 antibodies
Authors: Degheidy Heba A. , Venzon David J. , Farooqui Mohammed Z. H. , Abbasi Fatima , Arthur Diane C. , Wilson Wyndham H. , Wiestner Adrian , Stetler‐Stevenson M. A. , Marti Gerald E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:ZAP‐70 expression is a stage independent prognostic marker in CLL. However, interlaboratory variation is large, and there is neither a consensus nor a regulatory approved methodology.Methods:Two anti‐ZAP70 clones (1E7.2 and SBZAP) were compared in 45 untreated CLL patients. Nine different methods for ZAP‐70 expression analysis were evaluated: M1, isotype control to determine negative; M2, internal residual T‐cell to determine positive; M3, normal donor (ND) T‐cell to determine positive; M4, internal T‐cell/clone ratio; M5, ND residual T‐cell/clone ratio; M6, clone/normal remaining B‐cell ratio; M7, clone/ND B‐ cell ratio; M8, CLL‐Z score; M9, modified CLL‐Z score. A scoring system was designed integrating both 1E7.2 and SBZAP clones to assign ZAP‐70 expression.Results:The correlation coefficients for the four selected highest statistically significant methods were as follows (M1 = 0.71, M3 = 0.72, M7 = 0.67, and M9 = 0.64). These four methods were used to generate a combined score. The two reagents showed agreement using the designed scoring system for 37/45 samples (82%), and 8/45 (18%) showed equivocal result with one of the two clones. Seven of the eight equivocal samples were resolved using the scoring system.Conclusions:Four of the nine methods of analysis were compared for each reagent. The use of two independent ZAP‐70 reagents increases analytical certitude and the scoring method aids in the resolution of equivocal results. The combined use of two reagents, four methods of analysis, and a scoring method allowed for assignment of ZAP‐70 expression in 44/45 samples (98%) tested and improved performance of this important prognostic assay. Published 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and actions of transcription factors in adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Authors: Hodge Rebecca D. , Hevner Robert F. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractNeurogenesis in the adult brain, a process once thought to be essentially absent, has now been demonstrated to occur throughout adult mammalian life within several brain regions. Adult neurogenesis normally occurs only within the subventricular zone (SVZ) bordering the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Neurogenic progenitors within these regions produce distinct neuron types, with progenitors in the SGZ giving rise to glutamatergic neurons that populate the DG granule cell layer and those within the SVZ producing neurons destined for the olfactory bulb. In this review, we highlight recent research on transcription factor expression and function during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this regard, recent evidence indicates that adult neurogenesis replicates important aspects of progenitor cell development in the embryonic brain. Specifically, work from our laboratory and others indicates that transcription factor cascades active in progenitor cells during neurogenesis in the embryonic cerebral cortex are also activated in adult hippocampal progenitor cells, where they play an important role in determining neuronal fate and regulating progenitor cell proliferation and maintenance. These findings suggest thatconserved transcription factor cascades regulate genetic programs that delineate progenitor cell lineages and control progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71:680–689, 2011
Covalent Functionalization of Silicon Surfaces with a Cavitand‐Modified Salen
Authors: Tudisco Cristina , Sfrazzetto Giuseppe Trusso , Pappalardo Andrea , Motta Alessandro , Tomaselli Gaetano A. , Fragalà Ignazio L. , Ballistreri Francesco P. , Condorelli Guglielmo G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSi(100) and porous silicon substrates have been engineered with cavitand modified salen molecules. A salen derivative, specifically designed for covalently anchoring on silicon, was grafted onto Si(100) surfaces by photochemical hydrosilylation, and onto porous silicon by thermal hydrosilylation. These hybrid systems have been studied by different analytic techniques. Monochromatized X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize both flat and porous samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and, in particular, atomic force lithography (AFL) were used to evaluate the monolayer structure and morphology of the flat silicon surface, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was adopted to probe the hydrosilylation process involving porous samples. The uranyl complex of the salen derivative was directly synthesized on the silicon surface by the reaction between Si‐anchored salen and uranyl acetate. This surface‐based synthesis suggests that the salen molecules are intact and keep their specific properties after silicon anchoring.
Total Synthesis of (–)‐Corynantheidine by Nickel‐Catalyzed Carboxylative Cyclization of Enynes
Authors: Mizuno Takashi , Oonishi Yoshihiro , Takimoto Masanori , Sato Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe total synthesis of (–)‐corynantheidine has been achieved through Ni0‐mediated carboxylative cyclization as the key reaction step with incorporation of CO2, and this cyclization was also successfully expanded to the catalytic reaction by using Et2Zn in the presence of an excess amount of DBU.
Compulsory project‐level involvement and the use of program‐level evaluations: Evaluating the Local Systemic Change for Teacher Enhancement program
Authors: Johnson Kelli , Weiss Iris R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn 1995, the National Science Foundation (NSF) contracted with principal investigator Iris Weiss and an evaluation team at Horizon Research, Inc. (HRI) to conduct a national evaluation of the Local Systemic Change for Teacher Enhancement program (LSC). HRI conducted the core evaluation under a $6.25 million contract with NSF. This program evaluation project, called the LSC core evaluation, had an overarching program‐wide focus that included all 88 local LSC projects. The LSC core evaluation was a large, multisite program evaluation that included multiple data‐collection and information‐dissemination activities. Each local LSC project was required to have a project‐level evaluator, to collect information by using predesigned data‐collection instruments developed by HRI, and to report findings to the core evaluation on a regular basis. This case study describes the relationship between project‐level involvement in the LSC core evaluation and the use of the core evaluation by project leaders and evaluators. © Wiley Periodicals Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Congenital anomalies and rhabdoid tumor associated with 22q11 germline deletion and somatic inactivation of the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor
Authors: Toth George , Zraly Claudia B. , Thomson Tricia L. , Jones Carolyn , Lapetino Shawn , Muraskas Jonathan , Zhang Jiwang , Dingwall Andrew K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe most common microdeletion in humans involves the 22q11 region. Congenital anomalies associated with 22q11 loss include cardiac and facial defects. Less frequent is the co‐presentation of malignant rhabdoid tumors that are highly aggressive childhood malignancies typically found in renal or extra‐renal soft tissues and central nervous system. A newborn patient presented with multiple congenital anomalies consistent with 22q11 deletion syndrome including cleft lip and palate, ear tags and ventricular septal defects co‐presenting with an axillary rhabdoid tumor. Comparative genomic hybridization revealed a 2.8 Mb germline deletion in the 22q11.2 region containing genes required for normal fetal development and the SMARCB1 tumor suppressor gene. Analysis of tumor DNA revealed a somatic deletion of exon 7 in the second allele of SMARCB1. Expression of SMARCB1 was absent, while tumor markers including MYC, GFAP, and CLAUDIN‐6 were upregulated. The presence of tandem oriented BCRL modules located within interspersed low copy repeat elements throughout the 22q11 distal region may predispose this area for microdeletions through nonalleleic homologous recombination. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution array CGH identifies common mechanisms that drive embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma pathogenesis
Authors: Paulson Vera , Chandler Garvin , Rakheja Dinesh , Galindo Rene L. , Wilson Kathleen , Amatruda James F. , Cameron Scott 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPediatric rhabdomyosarcoma occurs as two biologically distinct histological variants, embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS). To identify genomic changes that drive ERMS pathogenesis, we used a new array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) platform to examine a specific subset of ERMS tumors, those occurring in children with clinically defined intermediate‐risk disease. The aCGH platform used has an average probe spacing ∼1 kb, and can identify genomic changes with single gene resolution. Our data suggest that these tumors share a common genomic program that includes inactivation of a master regulator of the p53 and Rb pathways, CDKN2A/B, and activation of FGFR4, Ras, and Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. The CDKN2A/B tumor suppressor is deleted in most patient samples. FGFR4, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase, is activated in 20% of tumors, predominantly by amplification of mutant, activating FGFR4 alleles. Over 50% of patients had low‐level gains of a region containing the Hh‐pathway transcription factor GLI1, and a gene expression pattern consistent with Hh‐pathway activation. We also identified intragenic deletions affecting NF1, a tumor suppressor and inhibitor of Ras, in 15% of tumor samples. Deletion of NF1 and the presence of activating Ras mutations (in 42% of patients) were mutually exclusive, suggesting NF1 loss is an alternative and potentially common mechanism of Ras activation in ERMS. Our data suggest that intermediate‐risk ERMS is driven by a common set of genomic defects, a finding that has important implications for the application of targeted therapies to improve the treatment of children diagnosed with this disease. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Nrf2‐inducible antioxidant defense in astrocytes can be both up‐ and down‐regulated by activated microglia:Involvement of p38 MAPK
Authors: Correa Fernando , Ljunggren Elin , Mallard Carina , Nilsson Michael , Weber Stephen G. , Sandberg Mats 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effects of microglia‐conditioned medium (MCM) on the inducible Nrf2 system in astrocyte‐rich cultures were investigated by determination of glutathione (GSH) levels, γglutamylcysteine ligase (γGCL) activity, the protein levels of Nrf2, Keap1, the modulatory subunit of γGCL (γGCL‐M) and activated MAP kinases (ERK1/2, JNK and p38). Microglia were either cultured for 24 h in serum‐free culture medium to achieve microglia‐conditioned medium from non‐activated cells (MCM0), used as control condition, or activated with different concentrations (0.1–1,000 ng mL−1) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce MCM0.1–1,000. Acute exposure (24 h) to MCM100 increased GSH, γGCL activity, the protein levels of γGCL‐M, Nrf2, and activated JNK and ERK1/2 in astrocyte‐rich cultures. In contrast, treatment with MCM10 for 24 h decreased components of the Nrf2 system in parallel with activation of p38 MAPK. Stimulation of the Nrf2 system by tBHQ was partly intact after 24 h but blocked after 72 h treatment with MCM10 and MCM100. This down‐regulation after 72 h correlated with activation of p38 MAPK and lack of ERK1/2 and JNK activation. The negative effects were partly reversed by an inhibitor of p38 which restored tBHQ mediated protection against oxidative stress. In conclusion, the study showed a negative effect of MCM10 on the inducible anti‐oxidant defense in astrocyte‐rich cultures at both 24 and 72 h that correlated with activation of p38 and was partly reversed by a p38 inhibitor. A transient protective effect of MCM100 on astrocyte‐rich cultures against H2O2 toxicity was observed at 24 h which coincided with activation of JNK and ERK1/2. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy technique on xerostomia and related quality of life in patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Marucci Laura , Marzi Simona , Sperduti Isabella , Giovinazzo Giuseppe , Pinnarò Paola , Benassi Marcello , Strigari Lidia 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare 5‐field and 7‐field intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques in terms of xerostomia and related quality of life in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer.MethodsEight and 23 patients were treated with 5‐field (group I) and 7‐field (group II) techniques, respectively. The xerostomia was evaluated using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scale, stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow (SSF/USF), and xerostomia‐related questionnaires (XQs). The assessments were done before and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after radiotherapy.ResultsThe mean parotid dose was 45.7 Gy and 29.9 Gy and the ≥G3 toxicity at 24 months was 25% and 19% in group I and II, respectively. Sixty‐three percent and 93% of patients recovered at least 25% of SSF pretherapy values. The XQ scores of both groups improved over time but more so in group II.ConclusionThe 7‐field technique decreases the mean parotid dose, reducing xerostomia assessed by the RTOG/XQ score. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Geriatric drug utilisation of psychotropics in Belgian nursing homes
Authors: Azermai Majda , Elseviers Monique , Petrovic Mirko , Van Bortel Luc , Stichele Robert Vander 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of psychotropic drug use in Belgian nursing homes, in relation to residents' and institutional characteristics.MethodsThe PHEBE project (Prescribing in Homes for the Elderly in Belgium, 2005) was a cross‐sectional study, investigating drug use in 76 nursing homes. Psychotropics were categorised into antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and anti‐dementia drugs using the ATC classification.ResultsResidents' mean age (n = 1730) was 85 (SD: 8) years and 78% were female. The overall prevalence of psychotropic drug use among nursing home residents was 79%. Benzodiazepines were used by 54% and antipsychotics by 33% of all residents. Residents received a higher number of antipsychotics (p < 0.001) but fewer antidepressants (and other medicines) with increasing severity of dementia. Antidepressants were prescribed in 40% of which 2/3 was indicated for depression and 1/3 for insomnia. Anti‐dementia drugs were used by 8%. Institutional characteristics showed no relationship with psychotropic drug use, except for a lower use when medication was dispensed by a hospital pharmacist (p = 0.001).ConclusionAs in other European countries, the prevalence of psychotropic utilisation in Belgian nursing homes is exceedingly high, with excessive duplicate use. Guidelines, education and clinical practice recommendations focusing on initiation, reassessment and withdrawal of psychotropic therapy, are needed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.