bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Variable Parameters on Droplet Icing Process in Delayed Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Flow
Authors: Yu Yongsheng , Lu Yirui , Jia Hekun , Dong Fei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Modifying the characteristics of the flow channel is essential to retard or prevent icing and improve the low-temperature operational performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This paper presents a two-dimensional transient mathematical model that investigates the influences of surface temperature, wettability, and volume size on the droplet icing process. The findings suggest that raising the surface temperature of the flow channel results in a longer droplet freezing time. Raising the surface temperature from 248.15 K to 268.15 K can delay droplet freezing time by up to 62%. Increasing the surface contact angle from 78° to 150° can delay droplet freezing time by 45%. An increase in droplet volume can also prolong the time required for droplet freezing. Increasing the droplet volume size from 1 µL to 4 µL can delay the droplet freezing time by 35%. Moreover, the optimal parameters for maximizing the duration of droplet freezing are identified using response surface methodology. The corresponding conditions are found to be a surface temperature of 267.96 K, a surface contact angle of 134.08°, and a droplet volume of 3.29 µL. This work offers valuable guidance for enhancing the low-temperature performance of PEMFCs through flow channel design optimization.
Evaluating the efficacy of few-shot learning for GPT-4Vision in neurodegenerative disease histopathology: A comparative analysis with convolutional neural network model
Authors: Ono Daisuke , Dickson Dennis W. , Koga Shunsuke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Recent advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly with large language models like GPT-4Vision (GPT-4V)—a derivative feature of ChatGPT—have expanded the potential for medical image interpretation. This study evaluates the accuracy of GPT-4V in image classification tasks of histopathological images and compares its performance with traditional convolutional neural network (CNN).
Methods: We utilized 1515 images, including hematoxylin and eosin staining and tau immunohistochemistry, from patients with various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). We assessed GPT-4V’s performance using multi-step prompts to determine how textual context influences image interpretation. We also employed few-shot learning to enhance improvements in GPT-4V’s diagnostic accuracy in classifying three specific tau lesions—astrocytic plaques, neuritic plaques, and tufted astrocytes—and compared the outcomes with the CNN model YOLOv8.
Results: GPT-4V accurately recognized staining techniques and tissue origin but struggled with specific lesion identification. The interpretation of images was notably influenced by the provided textual context, which sometimes led to diagnostic inaccuracies. For instance, when presented with images of the motor cortex, the diagnosis shifted inappropriately from AD to CBD or PSP. However, few-shot learning markedly improved GPT-4V’s diagnostic capabilities, enhancing accuracy from 40% in zero-shot learning to 90% with 20-shot learning, matching the performance of YOLOv8, which required 100-shot learning to achieve the same accuracy.
Conclusions: Although GPT-4V faces challenges in independently interpreting histopathological images, few-shot learning significantly improves its accuracy. This approach is especially promising for neuropathology, where acquiring extensive labeled datasets is often challenging.
Adolescence as a Predictor of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A comparative longitudinal study conducted in a national referral hospital in Western Kenya.
Authors: Mokua Veran Kemuma , Mutakha Godfrey Shichenje , Kosgei Wycliffe , Mishra Pallavi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Adolescents present with unusual reproductive health, anatomical, psychological, and social characteristics, a situation that predisposes them high-risk pregnancies, necessitating prioritized obstetric services. Therefore, this study compared maternal and fetal outcome between adolescent (15–19 years) and adult (20-30years) pregnant mothers who delivered at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) in Western Kenya. It adopted a six-month (1st July to 31st December 2021) prospective case-control study (ratio 1:3) among 836 (209 adolescents and 627 adult mothers) expectant mothers admitted at MTRH labour ward for delivery services. Maternal sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Additionally, pregnancy outcomes data were collected after delivery and documented in the same questionnaire. Statistically, mean and frequencies, tests of association (Fisher’s exact tests), risk ratios and multivariate logistic regression were conducted. Out of 836 participants, 547 (65.4%) were married (54 adolescents and 493 adults) and 289 (34.6%) were single. Level of education was distributed as primary (17.9%; n = 150), secondary (42.5%; n = 355) and Tertiary (39.5%; n = 330) with majority (56.3%: n = 112) of the adolescents being students. The mean antenatal visits were 3.960 ± 1.721 with more than two-thirds (68.1%) attending at least 4 visits. Adolescent mothers were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely (OR = 4.952; 95% CI: 3.313, 7.402) not to have used contraception prior to the current pregnancy, at risk of anaemia at labour (p = 0.008), hypertension in pregnancy (p = 0.011), preterm labour (p = 0.011), perineal trauma (p = 0.004) and having newborns with a low 5-minute Apgar score (RR = 1.601; 95% CI: 1.179, 2.174). In conclusion, expectant adolescent mothers have a significantly increased risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes compared to adults, warranting targeted obstetric care.
Malware Reverse Engineering with Large Language Model for Superior Code Comprehensibility and IoC Recommendations
Authors: Williamson Ashley Q. , Beauparlant Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Malware reverse engineering, the process of dissecting malicious software to understand its functionality and behavior, faces significant challenges due to the complexity and obfuscation techniques employed by modern malware. The application of Gemini Pro for interpreting reverse-engineered malware code introduces a novel and significant approach to enhancing the understanding of complex malware behaviors. By leveraging advanced natural language processing capabilities, the model provides detailed and accurate explanations of malware's functional components, offering substantial improvements over traditional analysis methods. The study demonstrates the model's proficiency in identifying key operational mechanisms and recommending relevant indicators of compromise, which are crucial for effective threat detection and mitigation. A comprehensive comparative analysis reveals that Gemini Pro outperforms conventional static and dynamic analysis tools in terms of clarity, coherence, and time efficiency. Detailed case studies of various malware samples, including Ramnit, Kelihos, and Lollipop, illustrate the model's ability to generate clear and actionable insights, thereby facilitating better decision-making in cybersecurity contexts. The findings underscore the potential of integrating advanced natural language processing models into cybersecurity workflows to significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of malware analysis and mitigation efforts.
Diagnóstico e tratamento de dente supranumerário em paciente pediátrico: relato de caso
Authors: De Morais Leonardo Antônio , Delbem Alberto Carlos Botazzo , Cunha Robson Frederico , Sampaio Caio , Santana Jéssica Silva , Guisso Luigi Pedrini , Pessan Juliano Pelim , Lima Bianca Tiemi  Uehara , Basi Dálete Moreira Craveiro , Hosida Thayse Yumi 
Published: May 2024

Dentes supranumerários são alterações de desenvolvimento, que acarretam a formação de um ou mais dentes, no arco dentário, em número maior que o normal. A etiologia ainda não possui um consenso definido e a forma de tratamento varia de acordo com cada caso. Esse estudo teve como objetivo relatar um caso de dente supranumerário na região anterior da mandíbula, em paciente odontopediátrico, abordando diagnóstico e tratamento. Paciente do sexo masculino, 10 anos de idade, compareceu à Clínica de especialização em Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, encaminhado para avaliação da necessidade de remoção cirúrgica de dente supranumerário na região anterior da mandíbula, identificado no exame radiográfico de rotina, panorâmica. Durante o exame clínico intrabucal, observou-se um discreto abaulamento na região mentoniana. Foi realizado uma radiografia periapical e lateral de Fazzi, em que foi possível visualizar a presença do elemento supranumerário. Como tratamento, optou-se pela remoção cirúrgica do dente. Diante disso, foi realizada anestesia por bloqueio do nervo alveolar inferior, a qual foi complementada com uma anestesia terminal infiltrativa na região do elemento supranumerário. Logo em seguida, foi feita uma incisão cirúrgica e o dente foi removido. A região foi suturada, e como procedimentos pós-operatórios foi realizada a prescrição medicamentosa e as orientações com relação à repouso e consumo de alimentos frios, principalmente nas primeiras 72 horas. Conclui-se que o diagnóstico e o tratamento adequado de dentes supranumerários é de extrema importância, tendendo eliminar possíveis problemas como desvios de erupção e reabsorção radicular.
Recent Developments in the Antimicrobial Potential of Some Nitrogenous Heterocycles and their SAR Studies: A Review
Authors: Nehra Bhupender , Kumar Manoj , Singh Sumitra , Chawla Viney , A. Chawla Pooja , Grover Parul 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Infection remains a significant global health concern, with millions of
new cases and deaths occurring due to infectious diseases. Currently, chemoprophylaxis and
chemotherapy are the primary treatments, but side effects and toxicities pose challenges. Pathogenic
microorganisms have developed resistance to antimicrobial medications. Nitrogen containing
heterocyclic scaffolds possess the potential in drug discovery and are explored in various
fields like pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agrochemicals. To minimize antimicrobial drug
resistance, there is a need to design potent, safer antimicrobial lead compounds with higher selectivity
and minimal cytotoxicity.

Objectives:
The present review aims to outline several recent developments in medicinal
chemistry aspect of nitrogenous heterocyclic derivatives with the following purposes: (1) To
cast light on the recent literature reports of the last eight years ranging from 2015 to 2023 describing
anti-microbial potential of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives which includes
pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, tetrazole and quinoline; (2) To brief the recent developments
in the medicinal chemistry of nitrogenous heterocyclic derivatives that is directed towards their
anti-microbial profile; (3) To summarize the complete correlation of structural features of nitrogenous
heterocyclic molecules with the pharmacological action including in silico as well as
mechanistic studies to provide thoughts accompanying the generation of lead molecules.

Methods:
Antimicrobial potential of nitrogenous heterocyclic molecules has been displayed by
relating the structural features of various lead candidates with their in vitro as well as in vivo
antimicrobial outcomes. In contrast, in silico computational analysis from different articles also
helped to predict the SAR of potent molecules.

Results:
Nitrogen containing heterocycles are involved in a range of natural to synthetic analogues
with keen antimicrobial potency. It is an emerging need to generate new nitrogenous
heterocyclic molecules in order to tackle the drug resistance in micro-organisms with more targeted
selectivity as well as specificity.

Conclusion:
To limit the side effects associated with them and to combat the microbes acquired
resistance towards the current drug regimen, novel nitrogenous heterocycle based antimicrobial
agents are essential to be developed. This review connects the structural units present
in lead compounds with their promising antimicrobial action.
Polypharmacy in Psychiatry: An In-depth Examination of Drug-drug
Interactions and Treatment Challenges
Authors: Shekho Devank , Mishra Ritika , Kamal Raj , Khurana Divya , Chauhan Abhishek , Awasthi Ankit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
Polypharmacy in psychiatry is an in-depth examination of drug-drug interactions and treatment challenges
that explores the intricate landscape of psychiatric polypharmacy, a practice involving the prescription
of multiple medications to individuals with mental health disorders. This review is based on the critical aspects
of drug-drug interactions and the associated treatment challenges. Psychiatric polypharmacy is motivated
by the complexity of mental health conditions, where monotherapy may be insufficient. While it offers potential
benefits, the practice raises concerns related to drug interactions that can compromise safety and efficacy.
The review delves into the prevalence and clinical indications for psychiatric polypharmacy, thoroughly analyzing
drug interactions, treatment challenges, and strategies for mitigation. Real-world case studies illustrate
the complexities and outcomes of managing complex medication regimens, while emerging trends in personalized
medicine, advancements in psychopharmacology, multidisciplinary approaches, and digital health solutions
offer a glimpse into the future of psychiatric polypharmacy. This examination underscores the importance
of a patient-centered, evidence-based approach in optimizing psychiatric polypharmacy to achieve therapeutic
benefits while minimizing risks.
The Circadian Clock as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in
Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Barati Sama , Saffar Homina , Mehrabadi Shima , Avan Amir 
Published: May 2024

:
The circadian clock consists of a hierarchical multi-oscillator network of intracellular and intercellular
mechanisms throughout the body that contributes to anticipating metabolic activity and maintaining system
homeostasis in response to environmental cues and intrinsic stimuli. Over the past few years, genetic variations
of core clock genes have been associated with cancer risk in several epidemiological studies. A growing
number of epidemiological research studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between the disturbance of
circadian rhythms and the growth of tumors, indicating that shift workers are more susceptible to malignancies
of the colon, prostate, ovarian, breast, lung, and liver. One of the most related cancers with circadian rhythm is
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, which is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality nowadays. The aim of this review
was to demonstrate the effect of the clock gene network on the growth of GI cancer, providing molecular
targets for GI cancer treatment, possible prognostic biomarkers, and guidance for treatment choices.
Fluorometric Determination of Fe3+ Ions using Green Synthesized Carbon Quantum Dots from Damask Rose Flowers
Authors: Murugan Ridhu Varshini , Sridharan Gokul , Atchudan Raji , Arya Sandeep , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Sundramoorthy Ashok k. 
Published: May 2024

Background::
Carbon quantum dot synthesis, characterization, and applications have
drawn a lot of attention lately. The most effective carbon precursors for creating carbon dots
with intriguing chemical and physical characteristics are found in natural materials.

Objectives:
In this study, we introduced a new approach using a carbon dot system that possesses
both absorption and emission capabilities, allowing for the development of a fluorometric
assay to detect Fe3+ metal ions.

Methods:
Hydrothermally, the Damask rose Carbon Quantum Dots (DRCQDs) were synthesized
using Damask rose flower petals and various characterisations were performed, such as UV-Vis,
FE-SEM, EDS, and Elemental mapping. The fluorescence intensity of CQDs varies depending
on the particular metal ion present in the medium, and the blue fluorescence was selectively
quenched.

Results:
For the purpose of detecting Fe3+ ions at an excitation of 330 nm, CQDs were employed,
which produced an extensive emission spectrum between 280 and 400 nm by varying
the excitation wavelengths. More than other heavy metals, Fe3+ ions were observed to have a
stronger fluorescence quenching effect for the CQDs. According to spectroscopic measurements,
the generated carbon dots have a detection limit of 1.11 μM and could determine Fe3+ ions in the
range of concentrations from 0–80 μM.

Conclusion:
This new fluorescent carbon dot technology offers a promising method for the
quick and effective identification of Fe3+ ions, particularly in real-world samples.
Current Perspectives and Innovative Approaches in Treating Cystic
Fibrosis-Related Diabetes: Unveiling Mechanisms for Precision Medicine
Authors: Kadiri Sunil Kumar , M Suhas , Khobragade Deepak Shamrao , Kumar Merugumolu Vijay , Mudigubba Manoj Kumar , Bindigi Ramana Gowda 
Published: May 2024

Abstract:
A faulty cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor regulator gene causes the hereditary disease. This causes pulmonary symptoms and pancreatic insufficiency, malnutrition, liver illness, and
CF-related diabetes. The assumption is fibrotic growth destroys islets. The article aims to review
cystic fibrosis-related diabetes to cover previous findings, contemporary breakthroughs, and future
research plans. We conducted a comprehensive literature survey on CFRD's clinical manifestations,
monitoring, and analysis, as well as its diagnosis and management. A few theories, such as the
deletion of phenylalanine at amino acid position 508, relate pancreatic dysfunction to cystic fibrosis.
A study of 950 cord blood samples in India found 1:40000 CF newborns. Many groups and foundations recommend CF diabetic diagnosis criteria. They include oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT),
continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), HbA1c, and fasting hyperglycemia. Recently, fructosamine
and glycated albumin have also used to diagnose hyperglycemia in Cystic fibrosis. The accuracy of
OGTT and CGM makes them valuable diagnostic tools, with OGTT being the standard. CFRD causes
pulmonary decline, malnutrition, microvascular issues, and death. Dietary control, which should be
high in calories, protein, fat, salt, and carbohydrates, and physical activity are key CF treatments.
Numerous pathophysiological pathways cause diabetes, however, insulin is still the best therapy.
Drugs and tools are available to improve insulin treatment. Other therapies include metformin, repaglinide, GLP-1 agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors.
Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of Panax Ginseng and Symphytum Officinale with Metronidazole against P. gingivalis: An MIC and MBC Analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Salah M. , Al-Mizraqchi Abbas S. 
Published: May 2024

Background
The RapID ANA II panel was used to evaluate bacterial responses, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were established.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Metronidazole, Symphytum Officinale, and Panax Ginseng on P. gingivalis

Materials and Methods
P. gingivalis strains, including strain ATCC 33277 and an isolate, were selected and prepared. A variety of test compounds, including Metronidazole, Symphytum Officinale, and Panax Ginseng, were procured and manufactured. A consistent technique was used to determine the MIC and MBC. We used the RapID ANA II panel to assess bacterial responses. Additionally, a suitable software was used to conduct the statistical analysis.

Results
The findings from the MIC and MBC tests showed notable variations and a noticeable impact of the combination therapy (G+F and S+F) in comparison to the individual drugs alone. Lower MIC and MBC values were seen when Panax Ginseng and Metronidazole (G+F) and Symphytum Officinale and Metronidazole (S+F) were combined, demonstrating a synergistic effect (p < 0.01). Positive results were found for ρ-Nitrophenyl-β, D-disaccharide (BLTS), σ-Nitrophenyl-β, D-galactoside (ONPG), ρ-Nitrophenyl-n-acetyl-β, D glucosaminide (NAG), ρ-Nitrophenylphosphate (PO4), Phenylalanine-β-naphthylamide (PAL), Pyrrolidonyl-β-naphthylamide (PYR), and Tryptophane (IND) in the RapID ANA II panel, whereas negative results were obtained for Urea (URE), ρ-Nitrophenyl-α, L-arabinoside (aARA), ρ-Nitrophenyl-α, D-glucoside (aGLU), ρ-Nitrophenyl-β, D-glucoside (BGLU), ρ-Nitrophenyl-α, D-galactoside (aGAL), ρ-Nitrophenyl-α, L-fucoside (aFUC), Proline-β-naphthylamide (PRO), and Serine-β-naphthylamide (SER).

Conclusion
Our study shows that combination therapies using Panax Ginseng and Symphytum Officnale with Metronidazole have increased antibacterial efficacy against P. gingivalis. These results point to the possibility of these herbal remedies complementing conventional medicine. In this study, the RapID ANA II panel helped identify and characterise P. gingivalis by offering useful insights into bacterial reactions. Nonetheless, it is necessary to conduct more studies to examine the therapeutic uses of these alternative P. gingivalis infection treatments.
Investigation of Reasons for the Reluctance to get Vaccinated with COVID-19 in the General Population in the South of Kerman Province (A Cross-sectional Study)
Authors: Saeedi Amin , Raesi Rasoul , Daneshi Salman , Domar Asma Amiri , Daneshi Fereshteh , Tarami Motahare 
Published: May 2024

Aim
This study aimed to determine the reasons for reluctance to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the general population in the south of Kerman Province.

Background
Identifying factors that reduce the initial hesitancy towards vaccination and increase the acceptance of the vaccine in the general population can contribute to the ongoing efforts for vaccination against COVID-19.

Materials and Methods
This is a cross-sectional study (descriptive and analytical) that was conducted using a multistage multi-stage sampling method on 341 men and women aged 18 to 85 living in the south of Kerman province in 2021. The data were collected using an electronic questionnaire created by the researcher on the reasons for reluctance to be vaccinated with COVID-19 and analyzed using SPSS-22 software. Independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests were used at a significance level of less than 0.05.

Results
Three hundred and forty men and women aged 18 to 85 were examined. Lack of trust in vaccines, government, and health officials were the most frequent reasons for not wanting to get vaccinated. The young age group, women, single people, and those with good economic level, and high education level, were less willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19.

Conclusion
Restoring public trust in public health agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and science while also addressing the complexities of the relationship between the public and government is essential for effectively addressing vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccine uptake.