bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal cancer now the most common mucosal head and neck cancer in Queensland
Authors: Porceddu Sandro V , Negrello Theresa , Rawson Neal , Dunn Nathan , Batstone Martin , Collins Michael , Dowthwaite Sam , Hughes Brett GM , Kenny Liz , Ladwa Rahul , Panizza Ben , Cossio Danica 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe profile and outcomes of head and neck cancer throughout Australia has changed over the past decade. The aim of this study was to perform a population‐based analysis of incidence, demographics, stage, treatments and outcomes of patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), with a particular focus on HPV‐associated disease.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data within the Queensland Oncology Repository (QOR) and analysed by the Queensland Cancer Control Analysis Team. The cohort included patients diagnosed in Queensland between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019. Outcome measures included incidence of new OPSCC cases, age‐standardised rates (ASR) (3‐year average), demographics, p16 status, stage (8th Edition American Joint Commission on Cancer), treatments, and 2‐ and 5‐year overall survival.ResultsThere were 1527 newly diagnosed OPSCC, representing 96% (1527/1584) of all oropharyngeal cancers. It was the most common head and neck cancer diagnosed, with oral cavity cancer being the second most common (n = 1171). Seventy‐seven percent were p16 positive (1170/1527), of which 87% (1019/1170) were male. The median age was 61 years and 49% (568/1170) presented with Stage I disease. The ASR was 6.3/100,000, representing a 144% incidence increase since 1982 (2.6/100,000). Radiotherapy was utilised in 91% of p16+ cases with 2‐ and 5‐ year overall survival of 89% and 79%, respectively.ConclusionOPSCC is now the most common mucosal head and neck cancer diagnosed in Queensland, having surpassed oral cavity cancer. The majority are HPV‐associated (p16+), presenting with early‐stage disease with a favourable prognosis.
High‐frequency optical coherence tomography for endovascular management of cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Mansourian Elizabeth , Pavlin‐Premrl Davor , Friedman Joshua , Jhamb Ash , Khabaza Ali , Brooks Mark , Asadi Hamed , Maingard Julian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndovascular management of intracranial aneurysms has become the mainstay of treatment in recent years; however, retreatment rates remain as high as 1 in 5. High‐frequency optical coherence tomography (HF‐OCT) is an emerging imaging modality for the assessment, treatment and follow‐up of cerebral aneurysms. EMBASE and SCOPUS databases were searched for studies relating to the management of intracranial aneurysm with OCT. A combination of keywords were used including ‘cerebral aneurysm’, ‘intracranial aneurysm’, ‘high‐frequency optical coherence tomography’, ‘optical coherence tomography’, and ‘optical frequency domain imaging’. There were 23 papers included in this review. For the assessment of intracranial aneurysm, OCT was able to accurately assess aneurysm morphology as well as detailed analysis of arterial wall layers. During IA treatment, OCT was used to assess and troubleshoot stent placement to optimise successful isolation from the circulation. In the follow‐up period, endothelial growth patterns were visualised by OCT imaging. OCT shows promise for the treatment of IAs at all stages of management. Due to the novel development of HF‐OCT, there is limited longitudinal data in human studies. Further research in this area is required with a focus specifically on long‐term treatment outcomes in humans.
The Netherlands: Political Developments and Data in 2023
Authors: OTJES SIMON , DE JONGE LÉONIE 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Dutch political landscape is notoriously unpredictable; yet, 2023 was the most turbulent year in Dutch politics in at least two decades. The year featured two elections—provincial and national—within nine months, each dominated by two distinct issues: agriculture and migration. These elections saw two different populist parties triumph with significant margins: the FarmerCitizenMovement/BoerBurgerBeweging won the provincial elections, while the radical right‐wing populist Party for Freedom/Partij voor de Vrijheid secured a landslide victory in the parliamentary elections. Moreover, the year witnessed the collapse of the centre‐right cabinet and leadership changes in more than half of the parties represented in parliament.
Unique features of β‐cell metabolism are lost in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Muñoz Felipe , Fex Malin , Moritz Thomas , Mulder Hindrik , Cataldo Luis Rodrigo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPancreatic β cells play an essential role in the control of systemic glucose homeostasis as they sense blood glucose levels and respond by secreting insulin. Upon stimulating glucose uptake in insulin‐sensitive tissues post‐prandially, this anabolic hormone restores blood glucose levels to pre‐prandial levels. Maintaining physiological glucose levels thus relies on proper β‐cell function. To fulfill this highly specialized nutrient sensor role, β cells have evolved a unique genetic program that shapes its distinct cellular metabolism. In this review, the unique genetic and metabolic features of β cells will be outlined, including their alterations in type 2 diabetes (T2D). β cells selectively express a set of genes in a cell type‐specific manner; for instance, the glucose activating hexokinase IV enzyme or Glucokinase (GCK), whereas other genes are selectively “disallowed”, including lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1). This selective gene program equips β cells with a unique metabolic apparatus to ensure that nutrient metabolism is coupled to appropriate insulin secretion, thereby avoiding hyperglycemia, as well as life‐threatening hypoglycemia. Unlike most cell types, β cells exhibit specialized bioenergetic features, including supply‐driven rather than demand‐driven metabolism and a high basal mitochondrial proton leak respiration. The understanding of these unique genetically programmed metabolic features and their alterations that lead to β‐cell dysfunction is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of T2D pathophysiology and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for T2D patients.
Medication use among the oldest old in the Faroe Islands—A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Joensen Beinta , Niklasdóttir Sunrit , Joensen Niels , Christensen Kaare , Petersen Maria Skaalum 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAging is often associated with an increasing number of comorbidities that warrant use of multiple drugs which increases the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and drug‐related problems (DRPs). The aim is to assess the prevalence of polypharmacy, PIMs, DDIs and DRPs among Faroese residents aged ≥90 years. In this population‐based cross‐sectional study, 494 individuals ≥90 years were invited and 298 (60%) participated. A pharmacist‐led medication review was performed based on self‐information, electronic patient journal and the Faroese Prescription Registry. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 74% with no sex‐difference. Approximately 60% of participants used PIMs, primarily benzodiazepines and proton pump inhibitors, the latter being a frequently implicated medication in DRPs. Opioid use was low compared with other Nordic studies. DRPs were observed for 79% with discrepancies in the medication lists as the most common cause, and DDIs were identified for 47% of participants, mostly moderately clinically relevant DDIs. In conclusion, the medication use among the oldest old Faroese resembled that in other Nordic countries with a high prevalence of polypharmacy and use of PIMs, especially PPIs and benzodiazepines. However, no sex‐difference was noted in medication use and the use of opioids was low.
Study of the different sleep disturbances during the prodromal phase of depression and mania in bipolar disorders
Authors: Basquin Louise , Maruani Julia , Leseur Jeanne , Mauries Sibylle , Bazin Balthazar , Pineau Guillaume , Henry Chantal , Lejoyeux Michel , Geoffroy Pierre A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne of the challenges in bipolar disorder (BD) lies in early detection of the illness and its recurrences, to improve prognosis. Sleep disturbances (SD) have been proposed as reliable predictive markers of conversion. While preliminary studies have explored the relationship between SD and the onset of mood episodes, the results remain heterogeneous and a few have specifically examined patients' perception of prodromal symptoms and their progression until the episode occurs. Identifying prodromes represents a crucial clinical challenge, as it enables early intervention, thereby reducing the severity of BD. Therefore, the objective of this study is to better characterize and evaluate the progressive nature of SD as prodromal symptoms of mood episodes, and patients' perception of it.MethodsPatients diagnosed with BD, either hospitalized or seeking treatment for a (hypo)manic or depressive episode benefited from standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and self‐report questionnaires to evaluate SD prior to the current episode, as well as sociodemographic and clinical information.ResultsOut of the 41 patients included, 59% spontaneously reported SD prior to the episode, appearing 90 days before depression and 35 days before mania (pre‐indexed/spontaneous reports: 51.22% insomnia complaints, 4.88% hypersomnolence complaints, 7.32% parasomnias, 2.44% sleep movements). After inquiry about specific SD, the percentage of patients reporting prodromal SD increased significantly to 83%, appearing 210 days before depression and 112.5 days before mania (post‐indexed reports: 75.61% presented with insomnia complaints appearing 150 days before depression and 20 days before mania, 46.34% had hypersomnolence complaints appearing 60 days before depression, 43.9% had parasomnias appearing 210 days before depression and 22.5 days before mania, 36.59% had sleep movements appearing 120 days before depression and 150 days before mania). Of note, bruxism appeared in 35% of patients before mania, and restless legs syndrome in 20% of patients before depression.ConclusionThis study highlights the very high prevalence of SD prior to a mood episode in patients with BD with differences between depressive and manic episodes. The more systematic screening of sleep alterations of the prodromal phase improved the recognition and characterization of different symptoms onset by patients. This underscores the need for precise questioning regarding sleep patterns in patients, to better identify the moment of transition toward a mood episode, referred to as "Chronos syndrome". The study emphasizes the importance of educating patients about the disorder and its sleep prodromal symptoms to facilitate early intervention and prevent recurrences.
The LAT1 inhibitor JPH203 suppresses the growth of castration‐resistant prostate cancer through a CD24‐mediated mechanism
Authors: Saito Shinpei , Ando Keisuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Xu Minhui , Yamada Yasutaka , Rii Junryo , Kanaoka Sanji , Wei Jiaxing , Zhao Xue , Pae Sangjon , Kanesaka Manato , Goto Yusuke , Sazuka Tomokazu , Imamura Yusuke , Reien Yoshie , Hamaguchi‐Suzuki Norie , Saito Shota , Hirayama Yuri , Hashimoto Hirofumi , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Anzai Naohiko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractL‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is specifically expressed in many malignancies, contributes to the transport of essential amino acids, such as leucine, and regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. We investigated the expression profile and functional role of LAT1 in prostate cancer using JPH203, a specific inhibitor of LAT1. LAT1 was highly expressed in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells, including C4‐2 and PC‐3 cells, but its expression level was low in castration‐sensitive LNCaP cells. JPH203 significantly inhibited [14C] leucine uptake in CRPC cells but had no effect in LNCaP cells. JPH203 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRPC cells but not of LNCaP cells. In C4‐2 cells, Cluster of differentiation (CD) 24 was identified by RNA sequencing as a novel downstream target of JPH203. CD24 was downregulated in a JPH203 concentration‐dependent manner and suppressed activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, an in vivo study showed that JPH203 inhibited the proliferation of C4‐2 cells in a castration environment. The results of this study indicate that JPH203 may exert its antitumor effect in CRPC cells via mTOR and CD24.
Self‐perceived quality of social roles, activities and relationships predicts incident gingivitis
Authors: Chaffee Benjamin W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesWhile physical health status is known to impact social functioning, a growing literature suggests that social well‐being may affect oral health. This investigation evaluated whether self‐perceived quality of social roles, activities and relationships (social well‐being) influences gingival inflammation.MethodsData were from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative cohort of US adults, biennial waves 4 (2017) to 6 (2021). Social well‐being was derived from the validated PROMIS Global‐10 survey instrument, categorized for this longitudinal analysis as high, moderate or low. The main outcome was incident self‐reported gum bleeding (dichotomous, proxy for gingivitis). Survey‐weighted logistic regression modelling adjusted for overall health status, sociodemographic (e.g. age, sex, race/ethnicity), socioeconomic (e.g. income, education) and behavioural (e.g. tobacco, alcohol) confounders and was used to predict marginal mean gum bleeding incidence.ResultsCross‐sectionally at wave 4 (N = 23 679), gum bleeding prevalence was higher along a stepwise gradient of decreasing satisfaction with social activities and relationships (extremely satisfied: 20.4%; not at all: 40.1%). Longitudinally, among participants who had never reported gum bleeding through wave 4 (N = 9695), marginal predicted new gum bleeding at wave 6 was greater with each category of lower wave 4–5 social well‐being (high: 7.6%; moderate: 8.6%; low: 12.4%). Findings were robust to alternative model specifications. Results should be interpreted considering study limitations (e.g. potential unmeasured confounding; outcome by self‐report).ConclusionsSocial functioning may affect physical health. Specifically, social roles, activities and relationships may influence inflammatory oral conditions, like gingivitis. Confirmatory research is warranted, along with policies and interventions that promote social well‐being.
Therapeutic progress and future prospects of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Okamoto Tomoko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare and heterogeneous but treatable immune‐mediated neuropathy. The pathogenesis of CIDP is complex interplay of diverse immune mechanisms involving cellular and humoral pathways. The European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society guidelines were reissued in 2021, and the classification and diagnostic criteria were changed. Treatments include immunoglobulin, steroid, and plasmapheresis are effective, including remission induction and maintenance therapy. Maintenance treatments are often required for years, and treatment regimens require careful and regular adjustments to avoid undertreatment or overtreatment. In this review, the new guidelines, treatment recommendations based on guidelines and expert opinion, and future treatments including anti CD20 monoclonal antibody, FcRn blocker, and Cs1 inhibitor are discussed.
The Meaning of Shared Parenthood in Long‐Term Foster Care: The Perspectives of Parents and Foster Carers
Authors: Cannaert Céline , De Wilde Lieselot 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTShared parenthood is increasingly emphasized in long‐term foster care placements across European countries, including Flanders, where our study was conducted. However, despite its growing importance, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the dynamics and pedagogical conceptualization of shared parenthood. This research seeks to bridge the gap by investigating how parents and foster carers perceive and navigate parenting roles. Through in‐depth interviews with 12 parents and 12 foster carers from 10 long‐term foster care cases, thematic and narrative analyses were employed to explore shared parenting dynamics. The findings underscore the significant impact of power dynamics on the relationship, often resulting in prolonged silences and reluctance to address issues openly. By elucidating both the promoting and impeding factors, this study sheds light on the complexities of shared parenting within long‐term foster care arrangements. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of recognizing and discussing the normative notion of shared parenting to facilitate its successful implementation in long‐term foster care placements.
Learning to Stabilize Faces
Authors: Bednarik J. , Wood E. , Choutas V. , Bolkart T. , Wang D. , Wu C. , Beeler T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNowadays, it is possible to scan faces and automatically register them with high quality. However, the resulting face meshes often need further processing: we need tostabilizethem to remove unwanted head movement. Stabilization is important for tasks like game development or movie making which require facial expressions to be cleanly separated from rigid head motion. Since manual stabilization is labor‐intensive, there have been attempts to automate it. However, previous methods remain impractical: they either still require some manual input, produce imprecise alignments, rely on dubious heuristics and slow optimization, or assume a temporally ordered input. Instead, we present a new learning‐based approach that is simple and fully automatic. We treat stabilization as a regression problem: given two face meshes, our network directly predicts the rigid transform between them that brings their skulls into alignment. We generate synthetic training data using a 3D Morphable Model (3DMM), exploiting the fact that 3DMM parameters separate skull motion from facial skin motion. Through extensive experiments we show that our approach outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art both quantitatively and qualitatively on the tasks of stabilizing discrete sets of facial expressions as well as dynamic facial performances. Furthermore, we provide an ablation study detailing the design choices and best practices to help others adopt our approach for their own uses.
Region‐Aware Simplification and Stylization of 3D Line Drawings
Authors: Nguyen Vivien , Fisher Matthew , Hertzmann Aaron , Rusinkiewicz Szymon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShape‐conveying line drawings generated from 3D models normally create closed regions in image space. These lines and regions can be stylized to mimic various artistic styles, but for complex objects, the extracted topology is unnecessarily dense, leading to unappealing and unnatural results under stylization. Prior works typically simplify line drawings without considering the regions between them, and lines and regions are stylized separately, then composited together, resulting in unintended inconsistencies. We present a method for joint simplification of lines and regions simultaneously that penalizes large changes to region structure, while keeping regions closed. This feature enables region stylization that remains consistent with the outline curves and underlying 3D geometry.
Pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence: Evidence on uptake, inequalities and comparative effectiveness from a UK population‐based cohort
Authors: Manca Francesco , Zhang Lisong , Fitzgerald Niamh , Ho Frederick , Innes Hamish , Jani Bhautesh , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , McAuley Andrew , Sharp Clare , Lewsey Jim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe assessed the prevalence of prescribing of certain medications for alcohol dependence and the extent of any inequalities in receiving prescriptions for individuals with such a diagnosis. Further, we compared the effectiveness of two of the most prescribed medications (acamprosate and disulfiram) for alcohol dependence and assessed whether there is inequality in prescribing either of them.MethodsWe used a nationwide dataset on prescriptions and hospitalisations in Scotland, UK (N = 19,748). We calculated the percentage of patients receiving alcohol dependence prescriptions after discharge, both overall and by socio‐economic groups. Binary logistic regressions were used to assess the odds of receiving any alcohol‐dependence prescription and the comparative odds of receiving acamprosate or disulfiram. Comparative effectiveness in avoiding future alcohol‐related hospitalisations (N = 11,239) was assessed using Cox modelling with statistical adjustment for potential confounding.ResultsUpto 7% of hospitalised individuals for alcohol use disorder received prescriptions for alcohol dependence after being discharged. Least deprived socio‐economic groups had relatively more individuals receiving prescriptions. Inequalities in prescribing for alcohol dependence existed, especially across sex and comorbidities: males had 12% (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–0.96) and those with a history of mental health hospitalisations had 10% (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98) lower odds of receiving prescriptions after an alcohol‐related hospitalisation. Prescribing disulfiram was superior to prescribing acamprosate in preventing alcohol‐related hospitalisations (hazard ratio ranged between 0.60 and 0.81 across analyses). Disulfiram was relatively less likely prescribed to those from more deprived areas.Discussion and ConclusionsInequalities in prescribing for alcohol dependence exists in Scotland with lower prescribing to men and disulfiram prescribed more to those from least deprived areas.
Examining Gender Differences in TIMSS 2019 Using a Multiple‐Group Hierarchical Speed‐Accuracy‐Revisits Model
Authors: Leng Dihao , Bezirhan Ummugul , Khorramdel Lale , Fishbein Bethany , Davier Matthias von 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study capitalizes on response and process data from the computer‐based TIMSS 2019 Problem Solving and Inquiry tasks to investigate gender differences in test‐taking behaviors and their association with mathematics achievement at the eighth grade. Specifically, a recently proposed hierarchical speed‐accuracy‐revisits (SAR) model was adapted to multiple country‐by‐gender groups to examine the extent to which mathematics ability, response speed, revisit propensity, and the relationship among them differ between boys and girls. Results across 10 countries showed that boys responded to items faster on average than girls, and there was greater variation in boys’ response speed across students. A mixture distribution of revisit propensity was found for all country‐by‐gender groups. Both genders had moderate to strong negative correlations between mathematics ability and response speed, supporting the speed‐accuracy tradeoff pattern reported in the literature. Results are discussed in the context of low‐stakes assessments and in relation to the utility of the multiple‐group SAR model.