bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of P(NIPAAm‐co‐AM)/SiO2 hybrid temperature‐sensitive hydrogels
Authors: Li Yun‐Long , Ouyang Na , Ke Ai‐Ru , Lin Song‐Bai 
Published: July 2012

AbstractUsing N, N′‐methylene bisacrylamide as crosslinking agent and potassium peroxydisulfate as initiator, the temperature‐sensitive hydrogels were prepared with organic monomer N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and acrylic amide and inorganic material ethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The structure of hybrid hydrogels was represented by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of hybrid hydrogels was determined by differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of the swollen hydrogel. The results showed that the VPTT of the hydrogels increased with the increasing of TEOS dosage. When the temperature was lower than VPTT, the hydrogels exhibited excellent temperature sensitivity and kept at a swelling state, but when the temperature was higher than VPTT, the hydrogels deswelled significantly. In addition, the compressive strength of hydrogels was studied, the results showed that hybrid hydrogels had more ideal mechanical properties than organic hydrogels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Hair efficacy of botanical extracts
Authors: Benaiges Aurora , Fernández Estibalitz , Martínez‐Teipel Blanca , Armengol Ricard , Barba Clara , Coderch Luisa 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe great increase of capillary treatments (bleaching, perming, etc.) has created an important demand for hair cosmetics designed to repair and even prevent adverse effects on the capillary structure. In this work, the effect on hair of three botanical actives is investigated. Hair was chemically damaged by bleaching and the efficacy of three botanical actives was demonstrated by evaluation of surface morphology, differential scanning calorimetry, strength/relaxation, and absorption/desorption properties. Bleaching treatments have been demonstrated to modify the hair properties producing an increase in the fiber permeability and detrimental effects on the mechanical properties. Application of the botanical extracts to pretreated hair has improved the mechanical properties, giving rise to a reduction of the fibres' permeability, coating them and increasing the crystalline material of the fibers. Treatments with botanical actives based on either proteins and peptides, sulfated polysaccharides or a combination of polysaccharides could be used to protect and repair the hair fibers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis, characterization, and working mechanism of a synthetic high temperature (200°C) fluid loss polymer for oil well cementing containing allyloxy‐2‐hydroxy propane sulfonic (AHPS) acid monomer
Authors: Tiemeyer Constantin , Plank Johann 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA polymer comprising of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid, N, N‐dimethyl acrylamide, allyloxy‐2‐hydroxy propane sulfonic acid (AHPS), acrylic acid, and N, N‐methylene bisacrylamide was synthesized by aqueous free radical copolymerization and tested as high temperature performing fluid loss additive (FLA) in oil well cement. Successful incorporation of AHPS was confirmed and characteristic properties of the copolymer were determined using size exclusion chromatography. The FLA showed excellent water retention in cement at 200°C/70 bar. At this temperature, polymer structure changed from branched to linear and hydrodynamic size decreased by ∼50%, thus indicating potential fragmentation, while performance remained unaffected by these alterations. The FLA copolymer does not viscosify cement slurries which is advantageous in high temperature well cementing. The working mechanism of the AHPS‐based copolymer was found to rely on reduction of filtercake permeability which is caused by a voluminous coprecipitate of the FLA with tartaric acid retarder, mediated by Ca2+ ions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Serglycin in Health and Diseases
Authors: Scully Olivia J. , Chua Pei‐Jou , Harve Karthik S. , Bay Boon‐Huat , Yip George W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSerglycin is a multifunctional molecule and one of the first proteoglycans to be cloned. In this manuscript, we examine the physiological roles of serglycin in immunity, hemostasis, cell growth, apoptosis, and reproduction. In addition, we review recent studies on the involvement of serglycin in various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and platelet disorders. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Anodes with Hierarchically Assembled Single‐Crystal SnO2 Nanoflake Spheres
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Bai Hongwei , Sun Darren Delai 
Published: July 2012

AbstractA large‐scale hierarchical assembly route is reported for the formation of SnO2 on the nanoscale that contains rigid and robust spheres with irregular channels for rapid access of Li ions into the hierarchically structured interiors. Large volume changes during the process of Li insertion and extraction are accommodated by the SnO2 nanoflake spheres’ internal porosity. The hierarchical SnO2 nanoflake spheres exhibit good lithium storage properties with high capacity and long‐lasting performance when used as lithium‐ion anodes. A reversible capacity of 517 mA h g−1, still greater than the theoretical capacity of graphite (372 mA h g−1), after 50 charge–discharge cycles is attained. Meanwhile, the synthesis process is simple, inexpensive, safe, and broadly applicable, providing new avenues for the rational engineering of electrode materials with enhanced conductivity and power.
Reliable H∞ Filtering for Mixed Time‐Delay Systems with Stochastic Nonlinearities and Multiplicative Noises
Authors: Wen S. P. , Zeng Z. G. , Huang T. W. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates the reliable H∞ filtering problem for a class of mixed time‐delay systems with stochastic nonlinearities and multiplicative noises. The mixed delays comprise both discrete time‐varying and distributed delays. The stochastic nonlinearities in the form of statistical means cover several well‐studied nonlinear functions. The multiplicative disturbances are in the form of a scalar Gaussian white noise with unit variance. Furthermore, the failures of sensors are quantified by a variable varying in a given interval. In the presence of mixed delays, stochastic nonlinearities, and multiplicative noises, sufficient conditions for the existence of a reliable H
∞ filter are derived, such that the filtering error dynamics is asymptotically mean‐square stable and also achieves a guaranteed H
∞ performance level. Then, a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach for designing such a reliable H
∞ filter is presented. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed theoretical results.
On a Simplified Residual Vibration Ratio Function for Input Shaping Control
Authors: Kang Chul‐Goo , Kwak Jung‐Han 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn the literature of input shaping control, two kinds of residual vibration ratio function have been introduced for evaluating the robustness of input shaping control to modeling error. Also, two types of derivative constraints for the residual vibration ratio function have been used for suppressing residual vibration under the condition of having some modeling errors in natural frequency and damping ratio. In this paper, a simplified residual vibration ratio function is presented, which is more convenient to use than the conventional function, and the equivalence of two derivative constraints for the simplified residual vibration ratio function is shown mathematically. The validity of the assertion is demonstrated by means of simulation and experimental studies.
Active Heave Compensation Control of ROVS
Authors: Li Jia‐Wang , Ge Tong , Wang Xu‐Yang 
Published: July 2012

AbstractTo keep the remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) motion unaffected by the ship's motion in the vertical direction, a nonlinear active heave compensation controller is designed in this paper. The compensation system consists mainly of an electro‐hydraulic system driven by a double rod cylinder. Based on the external model principle, an adaptive observer is proposed to asymptotically estimate the ship's heave motion represented by a set of sinusoidal signals. The hybrid control development and stability analysis are based on the Lyapunov's direct method and backstepping technique. The proposed controller forces the tracking error to globally asymptotically converge to a small zone around zero that can be reduced arbitrarily. Simulation results illustrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Quantum chemistry: Large molecules — small computers
Authors: Ahlrichs Reinhart , Elliott Simon D. , Huniar Uwe 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSome aspects of the current state of Quantum Chemistry are presented, along with a selection of results for large molecules using modest resources. Following a brief exposition of the fundamental approximations of ab initio calculations, the SCF, DFT and MP2 methods for calculating molecular wavefunctions and energies are introduced. The Resolution of Identity (RI) approach is described with a view to the treatment of large molecules (100 atoms and more). Scaling behavior of the various computational methods is compared; here, aluminium clusters represent a demanding application. The utility of analytical energy gradients is shown, in particular using the example of a theoretical study of the structural isomers of sulfur‐bridged copper clusters. A strategy to compute electronic excitation energies for large molecules is sketched and applications to fullerenes and cadmium‐selenide nanoclusters are presented. Developments in scientific computing hardware are considered, with emphasis on the emergence of PC's. The opportunities and difficulties inherent in the parallelization of quantum chemical code are also discussed, and the performance of parallel TURBOMOLE is presented.
Electroreduction of 1,4‐benzoquinone and cobaltocenium perchlorate on the oxidized electroinactive polyaniline films in acetonitrile
Authors: Pekmez Nuran , Yildiz Attila 
Published: July 2012

AbstractElectroactivity losses of polyaniline films which result after the anodic oxidation and the oxidation by the protonated form of superoxide anion radical, HO2•, were compared. It is shown that overoxidized polyaniline films behave differently depending on the method of overoxidizing in acetonitrile. The reduction of 1,4‐benzoquinone and cobaltocenium perchlorate on the anodically oxidized film revealed that the film does not behave as an insulator and takes part in the electron transfer process. The film which is chemically oxidized by the protonated form of superoxide anion radical is not involved in the charge transfer and the electroreduction occurs on the underlying Pt surface which becomes available for electron transfer as a result of the formation of the pores during the chemical oxidation.
The all‐or‐none phenomenon revisited
Authors: Adam Margaret P. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractOne of the more pervasive tenets of teratology is the “all‐or‐none” phenomenon, which refers to the concept that embryonic exposure that occurs before organogenesis results in either no adverse embryonic outcome or in embryonic death. This concept has been used extensively in genetic counseling of pregnant women who have inadvertently undergone an exposure in the very early stages of pregnancy, frequently before the pregnancy has been recognized. Herein, we review the data that supports the all‐or‐none concept and the exceptions to this general rule. In the absence of further human evidence to the contrary, and given the many women exposed to medications or environmental agents before learning of their pregnancies, it would be prudent to continue to counsel pregnant women using the all‐or‐none hypothesis to avoid needless interruption of pregnancy out of unfounded fear of an adverse pregnancy outcome. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:664–669, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcriptome profiling of genes involved in neural tube closure during human embryonic development using long serial analysis of gene expression (long‐SAGE)
Authors: Krupp Deidre R. , Xu Pu‐Ting , Thomas Sophie , Dellinger Andrew , Etchevers Heather C. , Vekemans Michel , Gilbert John R. , Speer Marcy C. , Ashley‐Koch Allison E. , Gregory Simon G. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeural tube defects (NTDs) are common human birth defects with a complex etiology. To develop a comprehensive knowledge of the genes expressed during normal neurulation, we established transcriptomes from human neural tube fragments during and after neurulation using long Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (long‐SAGE).METHODSRostral and caudal neural tubes were dissected from normal human embryos aged between 26 and 32 days of gestation. Tissues from the same region and Carnegie stage were pooled (n ≥ 4) and total RNA extracted to construct four long‐SAGE libraries. Tags were mapped using the UniGene Homo sapiens 17 bp tag‐to‐gene best mapping set. Differentially expressed genes were identified by chi‐square or Fisher's exact test, and validation was performed for a subset of those transcripts using in situ hybridization. In silico analyses were performed with BinGO and EXPANDER.RESULTSWe observed most genes to be similarly regulated in rostral and caudal regions, but expression profiles differed during and after closure. In silico analysis found similar enrichments in both regions for biologic process terms, transcription factor binding and miRNA target motifs. Twelve genes potentially expressing alternate isoforms by region or developmental stage, and the microRNAs miR‐339‐5p, miR‐141/200a, miR‐23ab, and miR‐129/129‐5p are among several potential candidates identified here for future research.CONCLUSIONSTime appears to influence gene expression in the developing central nervous system more than location. These data provide a novel complement to traditional strategies of identifying genes associated with human NTDs and offer unique insight into the genes associated with normal human neurulation. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:683–692, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trihydroxyflavones with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory efficacy
Authors: Gomes Ana , Couto Diana , Alves Andreia , Dias Irene , Freitas Marisa , Porto Graça , Duarte José Alberto , Fernandes Eduarda 
Published: July 2012

AbstractThe classical anti‐inflammatory therapies are frequently ineffective and present numerous and severe side effects, especially in long term use, which requires the development of anti‐inflammatory drugs with different scaffolds and mechanisms of action. Owing to the high antioxidant potential and anti‐inflammatory activities already inferred for hydroxyflavones, we found it would be relevant to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory potential of a series of trihydroxyflavones by testing their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cells and cell‐free systems and to inhibit the proinflammatory pathways mediated by the enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX) and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX), in which reactive species have a proven involvement. The tested trihydroxyflavones proved to be effective inhibitors of neutrophils' oxidative burst and were shown to scavenge different ROS and RNS in cell‐free systems. The most active compound in the majority of the assays was 3,3′,4′‐trihydroxyflavone, which was somehow expected due to the presence of the ortho‐dihydroxy in the B‐ring, an important structural feature in terms of free radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the studied compounds were able to inhibit the production of leukotriene B4 by 5‐LOX in activated neutrophils. 3,5,7‐Trihydroxyflavone was able to inhibit both COX‐1 and COX‐2, which makes it a dual inhibitor of COX and 5‐LOX pathways and, therefore, a promising candidate for a new therapeutic option in the treatment of inflammatory processes.
The hypotriglyceridemic effect of biotin supplementation involves increased levels of cGMP and AMPK activation
Authors: Aguilera‐Méndez Asdrúbal , Fernández‐Mejía Cristina 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn addition to its role as a carboxylase cofactor, biotin modifies gene expression and has manifold effects on systemic processes. Several studies have shown that biotin supplementation reduces hypertriglyceridemia. We have previously reported that this effect is related to decreased expression of lipogenic genes. In the present work, we analyzed signaling pathways and posttranscriptional mechanisms involved in the hypotriglyceridemic effects of biotin. Male BALB/cAnN Hsd mice were fed a control or a biotin‐supplemented diet (1.76 or 97.7 mg of free biotin/kg diet, respectively for 8 weeks after weaning. The abundance of mature sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP‐1c), fatty‐acid synthase (FAS), total acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐1 (ACC‐1) and its phosphorylated form, and AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) were evaluated in the liver. We also determined the serum triglyceride concentrations and the hepatic levels of triglycerides and cyclic GMP (cGMP). Compared to the control group, biotin‐supplemented mice had lower serum and hepatic triglyceride concentrations. Biotin supplementation increased the levels of cGMP and the phosphorylated forms of AMPK and ACC‐1 and decreased the abundance of the mature form of SREBP‐1c and FAS. These data provide evidence that the mechanisms by which biotin supplementation reduces lipogenesis involve increased cGMP content and AMPK activation. In turn, these changes lead to augmented ACC‐1 phosphorylation and decreased expression of both the mature form of SREBP‐1c and FAS. Our results demonstrate for the first time that AMPK is involved in the effects of biotin supplementation and offer new insights into the mechanisms of biotin‐mediated hypotriglyceridemic effects.
Anionic complexes of MWCNT with supergiant cyanobacterial polyanions
Authors: Okajima Maiko K. , Kumar Amit , Fujiwara Akihiko , Mitsumata Tetsu , Kaneko Daisaku , Ogawa Tetsuya , Kurata Hiroki , Isoda Seiji , Kaneko Tatsuo 
Published: July 2012

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were well dispersed in an aqueous solution of the cyanobacterial polysaccharide, sacran, with an ultra‐high molecular weight >10 million g/mol. MWCNTs powder was put into aqueous solutions of various polysaccharides including sacran and was dispersed under sonication. As a result of the turbidity measurement of the supernatant, it was found that sacran showed the highest MWCNT‐dispersion efficiency of all the polysaccharides used here. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopic (Cryo‐TEM) studies directly demonstrated the existence of MWCNTs in the supernatant, and high‐resolution TEM observation revealed that MWCNTs covered by sacran chains made their efficient dispersion in water. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated the existence of MWCNT in dried sample from supernatant and the interaction between MWCNT and sacran. The ζ‐potential measurement of the dispersion indicated the negative surface charges of the sacran/MWCNT complexes. Then the MWCNT complexes were able to fabricate by ionic interaction; electrophoresis of the anionic complex formed the sacran/MWCNT gels on the anode while the droplet of sacran/MWCNT dispersion formed gel beads in the presence of the lanthanoid cations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The association between cingulate cortex glutamate concentration and delay discounting is mediated by resting state functional connectivity
Authors: Schmaal Lianne , Goudriaan Anna E. , van der Meer Johan , van den Brink Wim , Veltman Dick J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractHumans vary in their ability to delay gratification and impulsive decision making is a common feature in various psychiatric disorders. The level of delay discounting is a relatively stable psychological trait, and therefore neural processes implicated in delay discounting are likely to be based on the overall functional organization of the brain (under task‐free conditions) in which state‐dependent shifts from baseline levels occur. The current study investigated whether delay discounting can be predicted by intrinsic properties of brain functioning. Fourteen healthy male subjects performed a delay discounting task. In addition, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) were used to investigate the relationship between individual differences in delay discounting and molecular and regional measures of resting state (baseline) activity of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Results showed that delay discounting was associated with both dACC glutamate concentrations and resting state functional connectivity of the dACC with a midbrain region including ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra. In addition, a neural pathway was established, showing that the effect of glutamate concentrations in the dACC on delay discounting is mediated by functional connectivity of the dACC with the midbrain. The current findings are important to acknowledge because spontaneous intrinsic brain processes have been proposed to be a potential promising biomarker of disease and impulsive decision making is associated with several psychiatric disorders.
The sinuvertebral nerves at the craniovertebral junction: A microdissection study
Authors: Rennie C. , Haffajee M.R. , Ebrahim M.A.A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBogduk et al. (1988, Spine 13:2–8) noted that the joints and ligaments at the cervico‐occipital region are susceptible to whiplash injury. The upper three cervical sinuvertebral nerves (SVNs) at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) are thought to be responsible for mediating pain from the ligaments, dura mater, and soft tissues of the posterior cranial fossa and upper cervical column. The purpose of this study was to describe in detail the origin and course of the SVNs at C0–C1, C1–C2, and C2–C3 intervertebral levels and their anterior intraspinal distribution. A sample comprising 10 adult, 12 fetal (crown rump length = 155–250 mm), and three stillborn neonatal (n = 50 sides) embalmed cadaveric cervical spines was microdissected (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany, 8–40× magnification). A laminectomy of the cervical spine with an occipital craniectomy (seven adult and all fetal specimens) or a horizontal section of the intervertebral levels was performed (three adult specimens) to expose the craniocervical canal. In both adult and fetal specimens, all three cervical SVNs arose from two roots, a somatic root (from the spinal nerve or ventral ramus or both) and a sympathetic root (from the vertebral artery plexus or superior cervical ganglion). The C1 and C2 SVNs were variable in number. The C2 and C3 SVN innervated most of the structures at the CVJ as well as the basiocciput region. The C1 SVN supplied a very small part of the atlanto‐occipital joint area. The intraspinal courses of all three SVNs consisted of ascending and descending branches closely adherent to the arteries of the CVJ. They supplied the dura mater, the ligaments, adjacent joints, and soft tissues by tiny branches from the main branches. The detailed origins and course are described. Clin. Anat. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.