bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological Diversity, Adsorption and Fluorescence Properties of MOFs Based on a Tetracarboxylate Ligand
Authors: Grünker Ronny , Senkovska Irena , Biedermann Ralf , Klein Nicole , Klausch Andrea , Baburin Igor A. , Mueller Uwe , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe combination of a tetradentate ligand, N,N,N′,N′‐benzidinetetrabenzoate (BenzTB), with paddle‐wheel SBUs based on Zn, Co or Cu has led to a series of new metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with different structural motifs, depending on the additional acid present and the reaction temperature. Isomorphous compounds M2(H2O)2(BenzTB) [DUT‐10(M), M = Zn, Cu, Co] crystallize in the Imma space group (sp. gr.) and adopt the lvt topology, whereas the use of Zn and Cu under modified crystallization conditions gives rise to new phases Zn2(H2O)2(BenzTB) (sp. gr. Cccm, DUT‐11) and Cu2(H2O)2(BenzTB) (sp. gr. P4/mnc, DUT‐12) with pts and ssb framework topologies, respectively. DUT‐10(Zn) exhibits selective gas sorption properties for H2 and CO2 over N2 and solvent‐induced change in fluorescence.
Systematic Study of Halide‐Induced Ring Opening of 2‐Substituted Aziridinium Salts and Theoretical Rationalization of the Reaction Pathways
Authors: D'hooghe Matthias , Catak Saron , Stanković Sonja , Waroquier Michel , Kim Yongeun , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Van Speybroeck Veronique , De Kimpe Norbert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe ring‐opening reactions of 2‐alkyl‐substituted 1,1‐bis(arylmethyl)‐ and 1‐methyl‐1‐(1‐phenylethyl)aziridinium salts with fluoride, chloride, bromide and iodide in acetonitrile have been evaluated for the first time in a systematic way. The reactions with fluoride afforded regioisomeric mixtures of primary and secondary fluorides, whereas secondary β‐chloro, β‐bromo and β‐iodo amines were obtained as the sole reaction products from the corresponding halides by regiospecific ring opening at the substituted position. Both experimental and computational results revealed that the reaction outcomes in the cases of chloride, bromide and iodide were dictated by product stability through thermodynamic control involving rearrangement of the initially formed primary halides to the more stable secondary halides. The ring opening of the same aziridinium salts with fluoride, however, was shown to be mediated by steric interactions (kinetic control), with the corresponding primary β‐fluoro amines being obtained as the main reaction products. Only for 2‐acylaziridinium ions was the reaction outcome shown to be under full substrate control, affording secondary β‐fluoro, β‐chloro, β‐bromo and β‐iodo amines through exclusive attack at the activated α‐carbonyl carbon atom.
A Convenient Approach to 16‐, 19‐, and 22‐Membered 2,2′‐Bipyridine Thiacrown Ethers and Their Conformation Preferences
Authors: Ławecka Justyna , Karczmarzyk Zbigniew , Wolińska Ewa , Branowska Danuta , Rykowski Andrzej 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA convenient, three‐step synthesis of 1:1 thiacrown ether macrocycles 5a–c containing a fused cyclopenteno[c]2,2′‐bipyridine subunit has been accomplished through first homocoupling of 1,2,4‐triazine bisulfides 3a–c tethered to poly(ethylene glycol) chains with potassium cyanide and secondDiels–Alder/retro‐Diels–Alder reaction of such obtained thiamacrocycles 4a–c with 1‐pyrrolidino‐1‐cyclopentene. Macrocycles 5a–c were oxidized to nonracemic monosulfoxides 6a–c by using Davis' oxaziridine and tested in the asymmetric addition of the diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The crystal structure determinations of 5a–c and 6b and theoretical calculations at the DFT/B3LYP/6‐311G** level were used to establish their cis or trans conformations in the solid state and the gas phase.
Facile Synthesis of Substituted Mono‐, Di‐, Tri‐ and Tetra‐2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐perimidines
Authors: Belmonte Marta Martínez , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo C. , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Haak Robert M. , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of a variety of substituted 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐perimidines using Zn‐catalysis is reported. A series of 2,3‐dihydroperimidines with various functional groups have been isolated in high yield by simple filtration from the reaction mixture. The new compounds have been fully characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric analyses and in some cases also by X‐ray diffraction. The synthetic approach was subsequently also tested for di‐, tri‐, and tetra‐(salicyl)aldehyde reagents and afforded the corresponding multi‐perimidines in good yields. In the present studies also an unexpected bis(2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐perimidine) decomposition product has been identified. The current approach underlines the simplicity of creating a series of perimidines which may be post‐altered by using the functional group diversity introduced through the aldehyde reagents.
Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA)–SiO2 as a Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 2H‐Indazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐triones
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Srinivas Chitti , Raghavendar Avula , Yadav Jhillu Singh 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhosphomolybdic acid (PMA)–SiO2 was found to be an efficient catalyst for the three‐component condensation reaction of phthalhydrazide, 1,3‐diketone, and aldehydes to produce 2H‐indazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐triones in excellent yields. The catalyst can be recovered and reused without significant loss of activity.
Triterpenoids from the Stems of Momordica charantia
Authors: Chen Chiy‐Rong , Liao Yun‐Wen , Shih Wen‐Ling , Tzeng Chih‐Ying , Cheng Hsueh‐Ling , Kao Wei‐Tsung , Chang Chi‐I 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTwo new cucurbitane triterpenes, (23E)‐7β‐methoxycucurbita‐5,23,25‐trien‐3β‐ol (1) and 23,25‐dihydroxy‐5β,19‐epoxycucurbit‐6‐ene‐3,24‐dione (2), and a new D : C‐friedooleanane triterpene, 3α‐[(E)‐feruloyloxy]‐D : C‐friedooleana‐7,9(11)‐dien‐29‐oic acid (3), together with two known D : C‐friedooleanane triterpenes, 3β‐[(E)‐feruloyloxy]‐D : C‐friedooleana‐7,9(11)‐dien‐29‐oic acid (4) and 3‐oxo‐D : C‐friedooleana‐7,9(11)‐dien‐29‐oic acid (5), were isolated from the stems of Momordica charantia. The structures of the new compounds 1–3 were determined by spectroscopic methods.
Phlomisamide and Phlomisteriod: A New Ceramide and a New Stigmasterol Derivative from Phlomis cashmeriana
Authors: Hussain Javid , Bukhari Nausheen , Hussain Hidayat , Haider Sajjad , Hassan Zahid 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPhlomisamide (1), a new ceramide, and a new stigmasterol derivative, phlomisteriod (2), have been isolated from Phlomis cashmeriana. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of their 1D‐ (1H‐ and 13C‐NMR) and 2D‐NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC), and HR‐EI‐MS data.
New Approaches to 6‐Oxoisoaporphine and Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Sobarzo‐Sánchez Eduardo , Uriarte Eugenio , Santana Lourdes , Tapia Ricardo A. , Pérez Lourido Paulo 
Published: July 2010

Abstract2,3‐Dihydro‐6‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐7H‐dibenzo[de,h]quinolin‐7‐one, 6‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxy‐7H‐dibenzo[de,h]quinolin‐7‐one, and 2‐(6,7‐dimethoxy‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolin‐1‐yl)benzyl benzoate, easily available by a Bischler–Napieralski cyclization, were used as starting materials to afford 6‐oxoisoaporphine and 2,3‐dimethoxy‐5,6,8,12b‐tetrahydroisoindolo[1,2‐a]isoquinoline as the main products. However, the catalytic hydrogenation of the benzyl benzoate derivative afforded, under mild conditions, 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐1‐(2‐methylphenyl)isoquinoline.
A New Lycopodine Alkaloid from Phlegmariurus yunnanensisChing
Authors: Xie Xiaoyan , Jiang Jinhe , Liu Ying , Min Kang , Xue Yongmei , Jing Bi , Zhang Yan , Chen Yegao 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA new lycopodine alkaloid, 15α‐methyllycopodane‐5β,6β‐diol N‐oxide (1), was isolated from the whole plants of Phlegmariurus yunnanensis Ching, together with the two known alkaloids 15α‐methyllycopodane‐5β,6β‐diol (2) and lycoposerramine H (3), and four serratene‐type triterpenoids, serratenediol‐3‐acetate (4), serratenediol (5), lycocryptol (6), and serratriol (7). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including HR‐ESI‐MS, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, DEPT, 1H,1H‐COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY.
Three New Phenylpropanoids from Inula nervosaWall.
Authors: Yan Lan , Huang Ying , Fu Jian‐Jun , Qin Jiang‐Jiang , Zeng Qi , Zhu Yan , Yan Shi Kai , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Jin Hui‐Zi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThree new phenylpropanoid compounds, named nervolans A–C (1–3, resp.), together with two other known phenylpropanoids, coniferyl diangelate and sinapyl diangelate, were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula nervosa Wall. (Asteraceae), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, including HR‐ESI‐MS data and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1–5 exhibited mild inhibitory effects against NO production in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
The prevalence and clinical significance of 18F–2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) uptake in the thyroid gland on PET or PET‐CT in patients with lymphoma
Authors: Lin Michael , Wong Christine , Lin Peter , Shon Ivan Ho , Cuganesan Ramesh , Som Seu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractF18–2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has become a well established tool in staging and assessing therapy response in lymphoma. Incidental thyroid uptake on PET is not uncommon and can pose a diagnostic and management challenge. We retrospectively evaluate the prevalence and clinical significance of incidental FDG uptake in the thyroid gland in patients with lymphoma. 1868 lymphoma patients underwent PET and PET‐CT between August 2002 and August 2008. 52 patients (2.8%) demonstrated FDG thyroid uptake (M = 17, F = 35; mean age 63 yr). Thyroid uptake was determined as focal or diffuse, maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) recorded as well as SUV max ratio compared to background mediastinum activity (SUVR). Corresponding CT findings on PET‐CT were evaluated independently. Results were correlated with clinical, histopathological and imaging follow‐up. 30 (1.6%) patients had focal thyroid uptake. 16 (53%) had histological confirmation either by surgery (n = 7) or FNA under USS (n = 9). The final diagnosis was benign in 12/30 patients and malignant in 9/30. The malignancy risk for focal thyroid uptake was 30%. Five patients had intercurrent thyroid cancer (four papillary, one microinvasive follicular) and four had lymphomatous involvement. There was no significant difference between the mean sizes of benign (23.7 mm, range 12–34) and malignant nodules (23.6 mm, range 8–48). The mean SUVmax of malignant and benign nodules was 4.4 (range 1.8–10.1) and 3.2 (range 1.8–6.9) respectively with no statistically significant difference. 22 (1.2%) patients had diffuse FDG uptake in thyroid and benign aetiology was found in all with adequate follow‐up (15/22). Focal FDG thyroid uptake on PET or PET‐CT in lymphoma patients warrants further investigations. The malignancy risk is 30% either due to intercurrent thyroid cancer or lymphomatous involvement. SUVmax, SUVR and CT attenuation characteristics are not helpful in distinguishing between benign and malignant aetiologies. Diffuse thyroid uptake has a benign aetiology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional analysis of bispecific antibody (EpCAMxCD3)‐mediated T‐lymphocyte and cancer cell interaction by single‐cell force spectroscopy
Authors: Hoffmann Sabrina C. , Wabnitz Guido H. , Samstag Yvonne , Moldenhauer Gerhard , Ludwig Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful tool to analyze forces generated on cellular interactions on the single‐cell level. This highly sensitive device can record changes in force in the pico‐Newton range, which equals single molecule bonds. Here, we have used single‐cell force spectroscopy by AFM to investigate the interaction between T cells and tumor cells that is induced by the bispecific antibody HEA125xOKT3 (specificity anti‐EpCAMxCD3). We show that HEA125xOKT3 induces a specific increase in adhesion force between T cells and cancer cells. The adhesive force that is generated on cell‐cell contact is dependent on the applied force on initial contact and the duration of this initial contact. In summary, HEA125xOKT3 has been found to mediate contact formation by distinct processes. It induces direct cell‐cell interaction, which results in the activation of T‐cell signaling, facilitates the formation of supramolecular activation clusters and ultimately of an immune synapse.
A novel high‐affinity human monoclonal antibody to mesothelin
Authors: Ho Mitchell , Feng Mingqian , Fisher Robert J. , Rader Christoph , Pastan Ira 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMesothelin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored glycoprotein that is highly expressed on the cell surface of mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and other malignant tumors. The interaction between mesothelin and CA125 (also called MUC16) may facilitate the implantation and metastasis of tumors in the peritoneal cavity. A desirable therapeutic agent involves finding a fully human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to mesothelin or CA125 and inhibits their interaction. Here, we report the identification of a novel human mAb to mesothelin. HN1, a human single‐chain Fv specific for mesothelin, was isolated from a naïve human single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display library. To investigate HN1 as a potential therapeutic, we generated a fully human IgG with the γ 1 heavy chain and the κ light chain and an immuntoxin by fusing the HN1 scFv to a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A. The HN1 IgG kills cancer cells with very strong antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. HN1 binds a conformation‐sensitive epitope in human mesothelin with high affinity (KD = 3 nM). The HN1 epitope is different from that of SS1, a mouse Fv used to develop therapeutic antibodies that are currently in clinical trials. HN1 binds to cell surface‐associated mesothelin on human mesothelioma, ovarian cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer cells. In addition, HN1 can functionally block the interaction of mesothelin and CA125 on cancer cells. Most importantly, because the HN1 immuntoxin kills mesothelin‐expressing cancer cells with high cytotoxic activity, we believe that it has significant potential for mesothelin‐expressing cancer treatment and diagnosis. Published 2010 UICC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.
5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase activity is elevated early during primary brain tumor development in the rat
Authors: Jang Taichang , Calaoagan Joy M. , Kwon Eunice , Samuelsson Steven , Recht Lawrence , Laderoute Keith R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe found that adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is considered the “fuel sensor” of mammalian cells because it directly responds to the depletion of the fuel molecule ATP, is strongly activated by tumor‐like hypoxia and glucose deprivation. We also observed abundant AMPK activity in tumor cells in vivo, using subcutaneous tumor xenografts prepared from cells transformed with oncogenic H‐Ras. Such rapidly growing transplants of tumor cells, however, represent fully developed tumors that naturally contain energetically stressed microenvironments that can activate AMPK. Therefore, to investigate the induction of AMPK activity during experimental tumorigenesis, we used an established model of brain tumor (glioma) development in the offspring of rats exposed prenatally to the mutagen N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea. We observed that immunostaining for a specific readout of AMPK activity (AMPK‐dependent phosphorylation of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase) was prominent during N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea‐initiated neurocarcinogenesis, from the occurrence of early hyperplasia (microtumors) to the emergence of large gliomas. Moreover, we observed that immunostaining for activating phosphorylation of AMPK correlated with the same stages of glioma development, notably in mitotic tumor cells in which the signal showed punctate as well as cytoplasmic patterns associated with spindle formation. Based on these observations, we propose that neurocarcinogenesis requires AMPK‐dependent regulation of cellular energy metabolism.
Improved instrumental variables estimation of simultaneous equations under conditionally heteroskedastic disturbances
Authors: Iglesias Emma M. , Phillips Garry D. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper we develop estimation techniques and a specification test for the validity of instrumental variables allowing for conditionally heteroskedastic disturbances. We propose modified two‐stage least squares (2SLS) and modified 3SLS procedures where the conditional heteroskedasticity is taken into account, which are natural extensions of the traditional 2SLS and 3SLS estimators and which achieve a lower variance. We recommend the use of these modified 2SLS and 3SLS procedures in practice instead of alternative estimators like limited‐information maximum likelihood/full‐information maximum likelihood, where the non‐existence of moments leads to extreme values, and also for ease of computation. It is shown theoretically and with simulation that in some cases 2SLS, 3SLS and our modified 2SLS and 3SLS procedures can have very severe biases (including the weak instruments case), and we present bias correction procedures to apply in practice along the lines of Flores‐Lagunes (2007). Our new estimation procedures can also be used to extend the test for weak instruments of Stock and Yogo (2005) and to allow for conditional heteroskedasticity. Finally, we show the usefulness of our estimation procedures with an application to the demand and supply of fish. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some oximes and associated therapeutic consequences: a critical review
Authors: Voicu Victor A. , Bajgar Jiri , Medvedovici Andrei , Radulescu Flavian Stefan , Miron Dalia Simona 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUndoubtedly, the use of oximes represents real progress in counteracting intoxications with organophosphates (OP), through potentiating antidotal effects of atropine. The penetration extent of these compounds through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to significantly reactivate phosphorylated or phosphonylated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain still remains a debatable issue. Penetration of biological barriers by oximes was investigated mainly through determination of several quantitative parameters characterizing digestive absorption and BBB penetration. A weak penetration of biological barriers could be concluded from the available experimental data. The functional parameters/therapeutic effects following the penetration of oximes through BBB, more precisely the antagonism of OP‐induced seizures and hypothermia, prevention of brain damage and respiratory center protection, leading to the final end‐point, the survival of intoxicated organisms, are of high interest. It seems obvious that oximes are weakly penetrating the BBB, with minimal brain AChE reactivation (<5%) in important functional areas, such as the ponto‐medullar. The cerebral protection achieved through administration of oximes is only partial, without major impact on the antagonism of OP‐induced seizures, hypothermia and respiratory center inhibition. The antidotal effects probably result from synergic effects of other PD properties, different from the brain AChE reactivation process. Oxime structures especially designed for enhanced BBB penetration, through potentiating the hydrophobic characteristics, more often produce neurotoxic effects. Certainly, obtaining oximes with broad action spectrum (active against all OP types) would make a sense, but certainly, such a target is not achievable only through the increase in their penetrability in the brain.
The origin of fibroblasts and mechanism of cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Krenning Guido , Zeisberg Elisabeth M. , Kalluri Raghu 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFibroblasts are at the heart of cardiac function and are the principal determinants of cardiac fibrosis. Nevertheless, cardiac fibroblasts remain poorly characterized in molecular terms. Evidence is evolving that the cardiac fibroblast is a highly heterogenic cell population, and that such heterogeneity is caused by the distinct origins of fibroblasts in the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts can derive either from resident fibroblasts, from endothelial cells via an endothelial–mesenchynmal transition or from bone marrow‐derived circulating progenitor cells, monocytes and fibrocytes. Here, we review the function and origin of fibroblasts in cardiac fibrosis.NB. The information given is correct. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 631–637, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A descriptive case series of patients with end‐stage liver disease hospitalized with variceal bleeding who received pharmacologic venous thromboembolism prophylaxis
Authors: Schleyer Anneliese M. , Smith Mark W. , Jarman Kenneth M. , Crane Paul K. , Schreuder Astrid B. , Goss J. Richard 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:It is unknown whether venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (VTEP) should be utilized in hospitalized patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD), particularly in those admitted with variceal bleeding.OBJECTIVE:We sought to describe a cohort of patients who received pharmacologic VTEP, specifically identifying the occurrence of rebleeding.DESIGN:Descriptive case series.SETTING/PATIENTS:All adult patients with ESLD admitted to an urban county teaching hospital over three years with variceal bleeding who received pharmacologic VTEP during hospitalization.RESULTS:A total of 22 patients with ESLD and variceal bleeding received pharmacologic VTEP. Only 1 patient rebled after initiation of VTEP; 2 patients were diagnosed with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis while on VTEP including the 1 patient who rebled.CONCLUSIONS:VTEP was associated with an unexpectedly low incidence of recurrent bleeding in patients with ESLD and variceal bleeding. Further study may be warranted. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
An early viral response to standard interferon‐alpha identifies resistance to combination therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin in patients infected by HCV genotype 1
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Kiriyama Seiki , Tanikawa Makoto , Hisanaga Yasuhiro , Kanamori Akira , Tada Toshifumi , Takagi Makiko , Hiramatsu Takeshi , Hosokawa Takanori , Arakawa Takahiro , Fujimori Masashi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs combination therapy with peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) and ribavirin has a high morbidity, identifying individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who will not respond to the treatment would be beneficial. The early responses of serum HCV RNA levels to standard interferon (IFN) and PEG‐IFN were examined to determine if it was possible to identify resistance to combination therapy. One hundred thirty‐one patients infected with HCV genotype 1b were enrolled. Patients were given 6 MU of standard IFN alpha‐2b at least 2 weeks before initiating combination therapy. Serum HCV RNA levels were measured before, 24 hr after the administration of standard IFN, and 24 hr after the administration of PEG‐IFN (at the start of the combination therapy). The association between reductions in HCV RNA levels at 24 hr after the administration of standard IFN and PEG‐IFN and the outcome of combination therapy were analyzed. Reductions in HCV RNA levels were poorer in patients who did not respond than in those with a sustained virologic responses or relapses (P < 0.0001), both 24 hr after the administration of standard IFN and 24 hr after the administration of PEG‐IFN. Reductions in HCV RNA levels 24 hr after the administration of standard IFN were an independent factor associated with non‐response by multivariate analysis. An early reduction in viral load to a single administration of standard IFN is a useful predictor of non‐response in patients with HCV genotype 1, allowing for pretreatment identification of patients who will not benefit from combination therapy. J. Med. Virol. 82:1537–1544, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.