bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bladder outlet physiology in the context of lower urinary tract dysfunction
Authors: Sadananda Prajni , Vahabi Bahareh , Drake Marcus J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractPhysiological function of the bladder outlet is complex and symptomatic consequences can result from outlet dysfunction. Within the outlet, smooth, and skeletal muscles constitute the contractile apparatus, but additional cell types include interstitial cells and neuroendocrine cells, and various transmitters are present in the innervation, raising the possibility of unrecognized functional subtleties. Key outlet functions are; maintained closure for urine storage, increased closure (guarding) during exertion, sustained opening for voiding, transient opening for territorial marking in animals and orthograde male ejaculation. These are co‐ordinated by several spinal and higher CNS centers, with overlap of the somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. During voiding, urethral afferents may be important in maintaining detrusor contraction until completion of bladder emptying. Some of the bladder outlet afferents may be shared with the anal sphincter. Dysfunction of the outlet leads to conditions such as retrograde ejaculation, Fowler's syndrome, and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Urethral relaxation during urine storage may lead to urinary urgency, which may be misleadingly labeled as overactive bladder. Research priorities are numerous, including; peripheral cellular integrative physiology, interactions with other pelvic organs, interconnectivity of the CNS centers at all levels of the neuraxis, and standardized animal models of outlet functions such as reflex‐driven voiding. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:708–713, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Models for sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia and stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Kakizaki Hidehiro , Kita Masafumi , Wada Naoki 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAimsTo discuss (1) animal models for investigating bladder afferent pathways from the spinal cord to the brain and (2) animal models of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with a special emphasis on functional and histopathological characteristics of each model.MethodsLiterature review of spinal mechanisms of bladder afferent pathways and animal models of SUI.ResultsElectrophysiological studies in the rat using pelvic nerve stimulation and recording of evoked potentials in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) prove to be a valuable tool to examine spinal mechanisms of bladder afferent pathways. Animal models of SUI in the rat include vaginal distention as simulated birth trauma, pudendal nerve crush or transection, urethral sphincter injury by electrocauterization, transabdominal urethrolysis, periurethral botulinum‐A toxin injection, and pubo‐urethral ligament transection. Functional and histopathological changes in the continence mechanism after injury are different between models.ConclusionsUsing animal models for sensory neurons, intrathecal and intravenous administration of certain drugs can be tested whether they affect the bladder afferent pathways from the spinal cord to the PAG. Animal models of SUI can serve as a tool to develop new pharmacologic therapies or periurethral injection therapies using stem cell implants. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:653–657, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What you don't know can hurt your community: Lessons from a local United Way
Authors: Carman Joanne G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper describes how a controversial executive compensation package approved by a local United Way agency eclipsed the agency's long‐standing record and reputation of being a top fundraiser and pillar of the community. Using the framework developed by P. Connelly and York (2003), this case study illustrates how the lack of leadership and adaptive capacity within the board of directors, coupled with questions and speculation about managerial capacity, contributed to a highly visible scandal that resulted in the loss of the agency's chief executive officer, the resignation of the chairman of the board of directors, an internal investigation, and ultimately, a federal investigation. Not only did these events hurt the agency, which was forced to eliminate programs and cut staff, but these events hurt the annual campaign, which declined by more than 30 percent, resulting in substantial cuts in funding to dozens of nonprofit organizations. The findings from this study illustrate the importance of building strong governing boards that focus on both organizational processes and performance outcomes. They also highlight how important it is for the flagship charitable institutions to model best practices and invest in their own capacity.
Convergence of compact ADI method for solving linear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Liao Hong‐Lin , Sun Zhi‐Zhong , Shi Han‐Sheng , Wang Ting‐Chun 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA compact ADI scheme of second‐order in time and fourth‐order in space is proposed for solving linear Schrödinger equations with periodic boundary conditions. By using the recently suggested discrete energy method, it is shown that the stable compact ADI method is unconditionally convergent in the maximum norm. Numerical experiments, including the comparisons with the second‐order ADI scheme and the time‐splitting Fourier pseudospectral method, are presented to support the theoretical results and show the effectiveness of our method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2012
Applicability of 2009 international consensus terminology and criteria for immune thrombocytopenia to a clinical pediatric population
Authors: Grace Rachael F. , Long Michelle , Kalish Leslie A. , Neufeld Ellis J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundSince pediatric immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is relatively infrequent, comparisons among clinical studies are critical but have previously been limited by differences in terminology. In 2009, an international working group (IWG) developed consensus criteria to enhance comparability in future studies in adults and children.MethodsWe performed a retrospective medical record review of all pediatric ITP patients seen at a single children's hospital with a first visit between 2003 and 2010 and applied both historical (criteriaHist) and IWG (criteriaIWG) ITP criteria to available clinical data.ResultsAmong the 505 patients seen for ITP over 7 years, 98% could be classified as “acute” or “chronic” ITP using the criteriaHist, while only 90.7% could be classified as “newly diagnosed,” “persistent,” or “chronic” ITP using the criteriaIWG (P < 0.01). Only 33.7% met criteriaIWG for severe ITP, whereas 77.4% met criteriaHist for severe ITP. A striking difference was that overall response to therapies was lower if the criteriaIWG were used rather than the criteriaHist, particularly for IVIG (55.4% vs. 70%, P = 0.02) and rituximab (35.3% vs. 83.3% P = 0.05). Only 2 subjects (0.4%) met the criteriaIWG for refractory ITP.ConclusionsMost ITP patients could easily be classified using the 2009 criteriaIWG. Limitations to applying the criteriaIWG included absence of treatment response durations, incomplete definition of pediatric “refractory ITP,” and exclusion of secondary ITP. Nevertheless, the criteriaIWG were more clinically relevant given the reliance on definitions based on bleeding and their ability to be applied prospectively. The utility of using the criteriaIWG within prospective trials remains to be determined. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 216–220. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Screening the PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, SH2D1A, XIAP, and ITK gene mutations in Chinese children with Epstein–Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Zhizhuo Huang , Junmei Xu , Yuelin Shen , Qiang Qin , Chunyan Liu , Zhengde Xie , Kunling Shen 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of mutations in the PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, SH2D1A, XIAP, and ITK in Chinese pediatric patients with EBV‐HLH.MethodsSixty‐seven pediatric patients diagnosed with EBV‐HLH in Beijing Children's Hospital were recruited. Nucleotide sequences of all exons and their flanking intronic sequences of PRF1, UNC13D, STX11, SH2D1A, XIAP, and ITK were amplified by PCR followed by direct sequencing.ResultsEight patients were identified with heterozygous, compound heterozygous, or homozygous mutations in PFR1, UNC13D, and XIAP. Three missense mutations (c.83G>A, c.503G>A, c.632C>T) were found in PRF1 of two males and two females. Compound heterozygous c.93C>G and c.1066C>T were found in PRF1 of a 2.5‐year‐old female. Four different mutations were found in UNC13D of two patients: compound nonsense heterozygous mutations c.766C>T and c.1215C>G were found in one male and two splicing mutations c.1596+1G>C and c.2709+1G>A were found in another male. A heterozygous mutation c.1099+2T>C in XIAP was found in a 4‐year‐old male. No detrimental mutations were identified in STX11, SH2D1A, or ITK. NK cell activity did not differ between the eight FHL patients and the remaining patients. There was no statistical difference in clinical features and laboratory data for these two subgroups with biallelic and heterozygous mutations.ConclusionsSeven novel mutations in PRF1, UNC13D, and XIAP were identified in EBV‐HLH patients. Only a fraction of the Chinese children with EBV‐HLH have genetic defects in PRF1, UNC13D, and XIAP. There were no gene mutations of PRF1/UNC13D/STX11/SH2D1A/XIAP/ITK in the majority of Chinese child patients with EBV‐HLH. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 410–414. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thirty‐day readmission rates following hospitalization for pediatric sickle cell crisis at freestanding children's hospitals: Risk factors and hospital variation
Authors: Sobota Amy , Graham Dionne A. , Neufeld Ellis J. , Heeney Matthew M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundReadmission within 30 days after hospitalization for sickle cell crisis was developed by The National Association of Children's Hospitals (NACHRI) to improve hospital quality, however, there have been few studies validating this.ProcedureWe performed a retrospective examination of 12,104 hospitalizations for sickle crisis from July 1, 2006 and December 31, 2008 at 33 freestanding children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. Hospitalizations met NACHRI criteria; inpatient admission, APR DRG code 662, age < 18, discharge home, and length of stay within 2 SD of the mean. We describe 30‐day readmission rates, identify factors associated with readmission accounting for patient‐level clustering and compare unadjusted versus adjusted variation in readmission rates.ResultsWe identified 4,762 patients with 12,104 qualifying hospitalizations (1–30 per patient). Two thousand seventy‐four (17%) hospitalizations resulted in a readmission within 30 days. Significant factors associated with readmission were age (OR 1.06/year,P < 0.0001), inpatient use of steroids (OR 1.48,P = 0.01) admission for pain without other sickle complications (OR 1.52,P < 0.0001) and simple transfusion (OR 0.58,P = 0.0002). There was significant variation in readmission rates between hospitals, even after accounting for clustering by patient and hospital case mix.ConclusionsIn a sample of free‐standing children's hospitals, 17% of hospitalizations for sickle cell crisis result in readmission within 30 days. Older patients, those treated with steroids and those admitted for pain are more likely to be readmitted; simple transfusion is protective. Even after adjusting for case mix substantial hospital variation remains, but specific hospital to hospital comparisons differ depending on the exact methods used. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 61–65. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multidisciplinary paediatric diabetes health care team: perspectives on adolescent care
Authors: Spencer J , Cooper H 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper focuses on a qualitative study of the experiences of a multidisciplinary health care team caring for adolescents with type 1 diabetes in a hospital in the North West of England.It builds upon previous research which has explored the lived experiences of young people and their parents/guardians with the aim of better understanding blood glucose control in this age group.Findings emphasise lack of human resources, the importance of effective team working, and the need for meaningful education which acknowledges adolescents' unique and complex social worlds.Given these findings we are now developing a computer‐based ‘Adolescent Diabetes Needs Assessment Tool’ (ADNAT study), with a view to individualising self‐directed education and support. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Education and training in paediatric diabetes: the UK position. Survey on behalf of the SWEET Project 2008–11
Authors: Waldron S , Allgrove J , Swift PGF 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe aim of the three‐year SWEET Project EU was to establish Centres of Reference for Paediatric Diabetes in order to improve standards of care for children and young people (CYP) with diabetes across Europe. Part of this project involved making recommendations about education of CYP and their families, as well as of health care professionals (HCPs). The following UK data collected in 2009 contributed to the SWEET final data collection. Information covered diabetes education to CYP with diabetes, their families, staff in schools and HCPs. An online questionnaire was circulated to HCPs who were involved in the care of CYP with diabetes.Responses from 100 HCPs were received, mainly from larger more specialised clinics and included all members of the multidisciplinary team (MDT). Results showed that few services have written comprehensive educational curricula for CYP; programmes of education are predominantly focused on education for insulin adjustment/carbohydrate counting protocols and pump therapy, with major deficiencies in psycho‐social interventions, family communication, continuing education and transition programmes. Learning outcomes are not adequately assessed and programmes are rarely linked to diabetes outcomes.These deficiencies exist partly because paediatric diabetes has not been recognised or contracted as a specialty service. The majority of HCP posts in paediatric diabetes do not demand prior experience in the specialty. Standardised and accredited initial and continuing professional development opportunities are severely limited and often there is little support from NHS trusts. The functioning of MDTs could be improved through agreed team philosophies, consensus on targets and increased MDT ‘business meetings’. Respondents gave overwhelming support to the development of a National Paediatric Diabetes Framework that includes accredited, validated, structured education programmes for CYP, their families, schools and HCPs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Hypoglycaemia unawareness
Authors: Elliott J , Heller S 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHypoglycaemia unawareness can be a devastating complication in both types of diabetes. It is probably becoming more common as patients are urged to tighten their glycaemic control. The effects of improving glycaemic control on the background of increasing duration of diabetes are the main known risk factors for the condition. Antecedent hypoglycaemia diminishes physiological responses, and impairs the ability to identify further episodes, leading to a vicious downwards spiral and a high risk of further severe hypoglycaemic episodes. Fully established hypoglycaemia unawareness is thankfully rare, but difficulty in recognising the onset of hypoglycaemia is common. Therefore effective treatments to reverse or prevent hypoglycaemia unawareness are urgently needed.This review article examines the evidence around the pathophysiology of hypoglycaemia unawareness, and current therapeutic strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons.
Toughening of polylactide with natural rubber grafted with poly(butyl acrylate)
Authors: Zhang Chunmei , Man Changzhen , Pan Yonghao , Wang Weiwei , Jiang Long , Dan Yi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNatural rubber grafted with poly(butyl acrylate) (NR‐g‐PBA) in an attempt to toughen polylactide (PLA) was prepared by grafting butyl acrylate onto natural rubber (NR) through emulsion polymerization. The purified NR‐g‐PBA was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NR‐g‐PBA/PLA blend and NR/PLA blend were prepared with a Haake internal melt mixer. The morphology and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated as a function of rubber content. Observations by scanning electron microscopy showed that the spherical‐particle‐dispersed phase appearing in the NR/PLA blend was not found in the NR‐g‐PBA/PLA blend, which showed that NR grafted with PBA is compatible with PLA, and accounted for the efficient toughening effect on PLA. The elongation at break and the impact strength were significantly improved with an increase in NR‐g‐PBA content. The thermal stability of PLA decreased when blended with NR but was retained with NR‐g‐PBA. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Universal screening for social–emotional competencies: A study of the reliability and validity of the DESSA‐mini
Authors: Naglieri Jack A. , LeBuffe Paul , Shapiro Valerie B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of the eight‐item Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA)‐mini and its validity in relation to the 72‐item version DESSA. The sample included teacher ratings for 1,234 children in kindergarten through eighth grade who comprised the standardization sample. The median alpha reliability coefficients across grades for the four forms of the DESSA‐mini ranged from a low of .915 (Mini 1) to a high of .924 (Mini 3). These findings suggested that DESSA‐minis have excellent reliability. The differences between the DESSA Social–Emotional Composite (SEC) T‐scores and T‐scores obtained from each of the four DESSA‐minis were trivial (the largest d‐ratio was .023). The percentage of times the DESSA‐mini and DESSA SEC T‐scores yielded the same result was computed (i.e., the score indicates or does not indicate whether the child needs social–emotional instruction). Those percentages ranged from a low of 94.8 (Mini 3) to a high of 96.5 (Mini 1). Finally, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive power were examined for each DESSA‐mini. Findings suggested that the DESSA‐mini is a viable tool for universal screening of social–emotional competencies related to resilience. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA affects the composition of lipoplex protein corona: A proteomics approach
Authors: Capriotti Anna L. , Caracciolo Giulio , Caruso Giuseppe , Foglia Patrizia , Pozzi Daniela , Samperi Roberto , Laganà Aldo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe distribution of drug delivery systems into the body is affected by plasma proteins adsorbed onto their surface. Furthermore, an exact understanding of the structure and morphology of drug carriers is fundamental to understand their role as gene delivery systems. In this work, the adsorption of human plasma proteins bound to cationic liposomes and to their relative DNA lipoplexes was compared. A shotgun proteomics approach based on HPLC coupled to high resolution MS was used for an efficient identification of proteins adsorbed onto liposome and lipoplex surfaces. The distinct pattern of proteins adsorbed helps to better understand the DNA compaction process. The experimental evidence leads us to hypothesize that polyanionic DNA is associated to the lipoplex surface and can interact with basic plasma proteins. Such a finding is in agreement with recent results showing that lipoplexes are multilamellar DNA/lipid domains partially decorated with DNA at their surface. Proteomics experiments showed that the lipoplex corona is rich of biologically relevant proteins such as fibronectin, histones and complement proteins. Our results provide novel insights to understand how lipoplexes activate the immune system and why they are rapidly cleared from the blood stream. The differences in the protein adsorption data detected in the presented experiments could be the basis for the establishment of a correlation between protein adsorption pattern and in vivo fate of intravenously administered nanoparticles and will require some consideration in the future.
Peptidome profiling of induced sputum by mesoporous silica beads and MALDI‐TOF MS for non‐invasive biomarker discovery of chronic inflammatory lung diseases
Authors: Terracciano Rosa , Preianò Mariaimmacolata , Palladino Grazia P. , Carpagnano Giovanna E. , Barbaro Maria P. Foschino , Pelaia Girolamo , Savino Rocco , Maselli Rosario 
Published: June 2011

AbstractInduced sputum is recognized as being of increasing importance for the diagnosis and monitoring of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. The main purpose of this study is to provide a valid approach to better fractionate and characterize the still under‐estimated low‐molecular weight proteome of induced sputum by using mesoporous silica beads (MSBs) SPE coupled to MALDI‐TOF MS. Sputum peptides were captured from both derivatized and non‐derivatized MSBs and then profiled by MALDI‐TOF MS. Depending on the chemical groups present on the mesoporous surface, complex peptide mixtures were extracted from induced sputum and converted into reproducible MALDI profiles. The number of peaks detected as a function of S/N was evaluated for each mesoporous surface. More than 400 peaks with an S/N>5 were obtained in comparison to 200 peaks detected without MSBs. Additionally, as a proof‐of‐principle, we investigated the ability of this platform to discriminate between the “sputome” of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and between these groups and those of healthy control subjects. Six m/z peaks emerged as potential diagnostic peptidic patterns able to differentiate these inflammatory airway diseases in the sputome range. Human α‐defensins (human neutrophil peptide (HNP)1, HNP2, HNP3) and three C‐terminal amidated peptides, one of which is phosphorylated on serine, were identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS. These findings may contribute to defining a high‐throughput screening MS‐based platform for monitoring key peptidic‐biomarkers for inflammatory and chronic respiratory diseases in induced sputum samples.
Identification of cytochrome P450 2C2 protein complexes in mouse liver
Authors: Li Bin , Yau Peter , Kemper Byron 
Published: June 2011

AbstractInteractions of microsomal cytochromes P450 (CYPs) with other proteins in the microsomal membrane are important for their function. In addition to their redox partners, CYPs have been reported to interact with other proteins not directly involved in their enzymatic function. In this study, proteins were identified that interact with CYP2C2 in vivo in mouse liver. Flag‐tagged CYP2C2 was expressed exogenously in mouse liver and was affinity purified, along with associated proteins which were identified by MS and confirmed by Western blotting. Over 20 proteins reproducibly copurified with CYP2C2. The heterogeneous sedimentation velocity of CYP2C2 and associated proteins by centrifugation in sucrose gradients and sequential immunoprecipitation analysis were consistent with multiple CYP2C2 complexes of differing composition. The abundance of CYPs and other drug metabolizing enzymes and NAD/NADP requiring enzymes associated with CYP2C2 suggest that complexes of these proteins may improve enzymatic efficiency or facilitate sequential metabolic steps. Chaperones, which may be important for maintaining CYP function, and reticulons, endoplasmic reticulum proteins that shape the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum and are potential endoplasmic reticulum retention proteins for CYPs, were also associated with CYP2C2.