bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PanTHERIA: a species‐level database of life history, ecology, and geography of extant and recently extinct mammals
Authors: Jones Kate E. , Bielby Jon , Cardillo Marcel , Fritz Susanne A. , O'Dell Justin , Orme C. David L. , Safi Kamran , Sechrest Wes , Boakes Elizabeth H. , Carbone Chris , Connolly Christina , Cutts Michael J. , Foster Janine K. , Grenyer Richard , Habib Michael , Plaster Christopher A. , Price Samantha A. , Rigby Elizabeth A. , Rist Janna , Teacher Amber , Bininda-Emonds Olaf R. P. , Gittleman John L. , Mace Georgina M. , Purvis Andy 
Published: August 2009

Analyses of life‐history, ecological, and geographic trait differences among species, their causes, correlates, and likely consequences are increasingly important for understanding and conserving biodiversity in the face of rapid global change. Assembling multispecies trait data from diverse literature sources into a single comprehensive data set requires detailed consideration of methods to reliably compile data for particular species, and to derive single estimates from multiple sources based on different techniques and definitions. Here we describe PanTHERIA, a species‐level data set compiled for analysis of life history, ecology, and geography of all known extant and recently extinct mammals. PanTHERIA is derived from a database capable of holding multiple geo‐referenced values for variables within a species containing 100 740 lines of biological data for extant and recently extinct mammalian species, collected over a period of three years by 20 individuals. PanTHERIA also includes spatial databases of mammalian geographic ranges and global climatic and anthropogenic variables. Here we detail how the data fields are extracted and defined for PanTHERIA using a customized data input format (MammalForm); how data were collected from the literature, species names and sources tracked, error‐checking and validation procedures applied, and how data were consolidated into species‐level values for each variable. Tables of the consolidated species‐level values are made available for each of two recent species‐level taxonomic classifications of mammals, as well as associated taxonomic synonymy conversion and data‐input files. This study provides a useful guide to prospective researchers on how to structure and codify life‐history, ecological, geographic, and taxonomic data and methods to extract meaningful species‐level traits. It also provides comprehensive information on traits like size, diet, environmental conditions, and ecology to permit macroecological and macroevolutionary analyses of this important clade.The complete data sets corresponding to abstracts published in the Data Papers section of the journal are published electronically in Ecological Archives at 〈http://esapubs.org/archive〉. (The accession number for each Data Paper is given directly beneath the title.)
Approximate analytical solutions of the generalized Woods-Saxon potentials including the spin-orbit coupling term and spin symmetry
Authors: Ikhdair Sameer , Sever Ramazan 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
We study the approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation for the generalized Woods-Saxon potential with the pseudo-centrifugal term. We apply the Nikiforov-Uvarov method (which solves a second-order linear differential equation by reducing it to a generalized hypergeometric form) to spin- and pseudospin-symmetry to obtain, in closed form, the approximately analytical bound state energy eigenvalues and the corresponding upper- and lower-spinor components of two Dirac particles. The special cases κ = ±1 (s = $$
\tilde l
$$ = 0, s-wave) and the non-relativistic limit can be reached easily and directly for the generalized and standard Woods-Saxon potentials. We compare the non-relativistic results with those obtained by others.
Contraceptive Acceptance among Eligible Couples Residing in Rajshahi City Corporation
Authors: Sultana S , Jahan M Sarwar , Islam M Mofakharul 
Published: August 2009

A descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out among the eligible couples residing in Rajshahi City Corporation during the period of three moths from 1st April to 30th June, 2005 with a view to collect information about the acceptance of contraceptive methods from 366 respondents with 50 male and 316 female. The mean age in female respondents is 27.22 yrs. and male 30.2 years. The mean number of living children is 2.6 in female respondents and 2.1 in male respondents. Majority of the respondents 65.51% were housewives. 11.71% of the respondents were illiterate. Most of the respondents had knowledge regarding contraceptive methods. In this study 93.67% of female respondents & 20% of male respondents were currently using contraceptive methods. The modern methods were oral pill 21.6% IUCDs 14.9%, injection 35.14%, Norplant 12.16%, condom 16.0%, safe period 6.76%, Tubectomy 9.46%, Vasectomy 4.0% and 6.13% were non acceptors of contraceptives. Temporary methods were more accepted than the permanent methods. 84.2% female and 16% male respondents accepted temporary methods. Permanent methods were adopted by 9.5% female and by 4% male only. Study shows that percentage of the contraceptive method users increased with the level of education. The major causes for not accepting contraceptive methods were fear of complications (46.7% among female and 23% among male), opposition of the elderly (13% among female and 6.4% among male) and 55% male said about female partner's preference as user, so they did not use methods by them. Major causes for not accepting permanent methods were fear of operation (43% among female and 55.6% among male), religious barrier (31.9% among female and 42.2% among male), fear for decreased physical ability (12.5% among female and 2.2% among male) and lastly familial pressure (among 12.5% female). Most of the female 50.9% and only 2% male respondents faced problems during contraceptive use and the nature of the problem were mainly physical complication, spouse opposition and 3.16% female faced unwanted pregnancy while practicing method. Hospital supplies of contraceptives to the respondents were more i.e. 23% and 24% by the NGOs worker. It encourages people to accept contraceptive methods. Main causes of dropout among the respondents were desire for more children specially son preference and also due to health problems. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3083 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 11-16
A Comparative Study of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Evidence of Left ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Mia M Razzak , Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Haque M Azizul , Raisuddin M 
Published: August 2009

This study was carried out in medicine and cardiology indoor of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from November 2004 to October 2005. 100 cases were selected for this study in random manner. Sensitivity of ECG to diagnose LVH was found to be 87.5%, and specificity was only 50%. ECG is relatively insensitive and can't accurately identify the severity of LVH. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3085 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 24-27
Comparative Study Between Three Intravenous Drugs Thiopentone Sodium, Propofol and Midazolam: Study of 100 Cases and Critical Review
Authors: Mondol SK , Rahim MA 
Published: August 2009

Intravenous anesthesia became possible with drugs available since 1930 and the concept rapidly became popular with patients and anaesthetists. From the patient's point of view it had the advantage of producing rapid loss of consciousness without excitement, distress, or the sensation of smothering often produced by a tightly pressed facemask. For the anesthetist, there was the predictable anaesthesia which was ideally rapid in onset and without coughing or movements. Thiopentone sodium, propofol and midazolam have been used in our comparative clinical study (About 100 cases) as an intravenous anaesthetic agent. Our clinical study was into three aged groups such as neonates & children (40 cases), middle aged (40 cases) and elderly (20 cases). 100 cases were divided into paediatric cases, in outpatient procedures, in neurosurgical cases, in geriatric anaesthesia, in obstetric cases. In our comparative study, we have seen when propofol used for induction of anaesthesia in briefer procedures, results in a significantly quicker recovery and an earlier return of psychomotor function as compared with thiopentone and midazolam irrespective of the agent used for maintenance of anaesthesia. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3086 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 28-35
Tubercular Cervical Lymphadenopathy Clinicopathological Study of Thirty Cases
Authors: Biswas P Kumar , Begum SMK Nahar 
Published: August 2009

A clinico-pathological study of tuberculosis in cervical lymph nodes was carried out among 30 cases irrespective of age and sex. Tuberculosis was common in adolescent and young adult life (63.3%). It was more prevalent in female (63.4%) and in poor socioeconomic condition (60%). Most of the cases were non-vaccinated (70%) and majority (70%) was tuberculin positive. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3087 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 36-38
Endoscopic Evaluation of Transabdominal Sonographically Suggested Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Alim MA , Ahad MA , Rashid MH , Islam QT , Ekram ARMS , Razzaqe MA 
Published: August 2009

Transabdominal ultrasonography (TAS) is a widely used imaging modality for large variety of abdominal complaints. But indeed it has limited values for diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases. Literatures on the value of transabdominal ultrasonography on diagnosis and preoperative staging of gastric cancer are sparse. So the aim of this study is to assess the accuracy and limitations of ultrasonography for diagnosis and detection of spreading of gastric carcinoma.Fifty eight sonographically diagnosed patients were included in this study. UGI endoscopy was done in all patients. Five patients were excluded from study because of negative biopsy though endoscopy revealed suspicious lesion. The accuracy of conventional transabdominal sonography of fluid filled stomach was evaluated for diagnosis of gastric carcinoma as compared to endoscopy. The age range was between 14-75 years with mean age 43.5 years (SD ±14.2). The maximum numbers of patients (28.3%) were within the age group 40-49 years. The male and female ratio was 1.2:1. Fifty (94.3%) out of 53 patients of sonographically detectable gastric carcinoma actually have true malignancy proven by endoscopic biopsy and 3 (5.6%) were endoscopically normal & no biopsy was taken. Distal gastric carcinoma has been more precisely located than proximal by sonography. Besides this sonography provided an estimate of extragastric spread of tumour (34%) which is not possible by endoscopy. So in conclusion transabdominal sonography is an useful supportive modality for diagnosis and pre-operative assessment of exogastric spread of gastric cancer and indeed a supplementary diagnostic procedure to endoscopy. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3089 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 48-51
Impact of an ORT Corner in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Bari Md Iqbal , Haque Imdadul , Alam Tanjila 
Published: August 2009

An ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy) Corner was set up in Rajshahi Medical College in July 1990. 4267 Patients aged between 0-12 years who attended the ORT corner of the diarrhoeal training unit in the year of 2003 were studied to find out the impact of this unit in the management of diarrhoeal diseases in children and its effect on diarrhoeal admission in the hospital. 53.56% (2285) of them were male and 46.21% (1972) were female. Only 1.54% (66) of the patient who attended the ORT Corner needed hospital admission. 78.72% Patients were under 5 year of age and 90.57% (3865) patients had no dehydration (group-A) and they were sent home with ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) and necessary advice. 8.3% (355) patients had some dehydration (Group -B) and they were treated at the ORT corner with ORS for 2-6 hours and sent home after initial rehydration. But 19 (0.44%) patients had needed hospital admission later due to failure of ORS treatment. 47 (1.10%) Patient had severe dehydration (Group-C), who had persistent diarrhoea and immediately admitted in Paediatric unit and given necessary treatment. Total diarrhoeal admission in indoor was 74 in 2002 and 66 in 2003 and a significant reduction in admission was observed during the study period from that of the previous year. (p < 0.01). It was concluded that the ORT corner was vary effective simple and safe in the management of diarrhoea in children and reduced the number of diarrhoeal admissions in the hospital. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3090 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 52-55
Bardet Biedl Syndrome- A Case Report
Authors: Haque M Azizul , Sharmin LS , Islam Q Tarikul , Ekram ARM Saifuddin 
Published: August 2009

Bardet Biedl syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition with a wide spectrum of clinical features. The accepted major criteria for diagnosis include retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, male hypogonadism, mental retardation and renal dysfunction. We have presented a 16 year old male patient exhibiting characteristic features of Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) and then the literature is reviewed. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3092 TAJ 2007; 20(1):56-59
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Its Management
Authors: Islam QT , Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Ali ASM Shawkat , Ali M Ayub 
Published: August 2009

Major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking and obesity. In this review article, we have tried to discuss the updated management of each major risk factor. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3096 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 71-78
Safe Oral Antidiabetic Agents in Cardiac Patients: An Update
Authors: Haque SMS , Pathan F 
Published: August 2009

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, accounting for 60-80% of death in these patients. Despite recent studies demonstrating likely benefit of good glycaemic control in decreasing cardiovascular risk in type 2 DM, there have been lingering concerns about potential adverse cardiovascular effects of insulin secretagogues, specifically sulphonylureas. In this review article, we have tried to explore the issue of safe oral anti-diabetic agents in patients having different cardiovascular diseases. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i1.3097 TAJ 2007; 20(1): 79-86
L-Valine Ester of Cyclopropavir: A New Antiviral Prodrug
Authors: Wu Zhimeng , Drach John C , Prichard Mark N , Yanachkova Milka , Yanachkov Ivan , Bowlin Terry L , Zemlicka Jiri 
Published: August 2009

Background: Following the example of L-valine prodrugs of antiviral nucleoside analogues, L-valine ester of cyclopropavir (valcyclopropavir) was synthesized. Methods: The known tetrahydropyranylcyclopropavir was transformed to N-( tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-valine ester, which was deprotected to valcyclopropavir. Results: Stability of valcyclopropavir towards hydrolysis at pH 7.0 roughly corresponded to that of valganciclovir. Valcyclopropavir inhibited replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV, Towne and AD169 strains) to approximately the same extent as the parent drug cyclopropavir. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice established that the oral bioavailability of valcyclopropavir was 95%. Conclusions: The prodrug valcyclopropavir offers some improved therapeutic parameters over the parent compound cyclopropavir.
Multi‐offset GPR methods for hyporheic zone investigations
Authors: Brosten Troy R. , Bradford John H. , McNamara James P. , Gooseff Michael N. , Zarnetske Jay P. , Bowden William B. , Johnston Morgan E. 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTPorosity of stream sediments has a direct effect on hyporheic exchange patterns and rates. Improved estimates of porosity heterogeneity will yield enhanced simulation of hyporheic exchange processes. Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) velocity measurements are strongly controlled by water content thus accurate measures of GPR velocity in saturated sediments provides estimates of porosity beneath stream channels using petrophysical relationships. Imaging the substream system using surface based reflection measurements is particularly challenging due to large velocity gradients that occur at the transition from open water to saturated sediments. The continuous multi‐offset method improves the quality of subsurface images through stacking and provides measurements of vertical and lateral velocity distributions. We applied the continuous multi‐offset method to stream sites on the North Slope, Alaska and the Sawtooth Mountains near Boise, Idaho, USA. From the continuous multi‐offset data, we measure velocity using reflection tomography then estimate water content and porosity using the Topp equation. These values provide detailed measurements for improved stream channel hydraulic and thermal modelling.
3D seismic reflection surveying at the CO2SINK project site, Ketzin, Germany: a study for extracting shallow subsurface information
Authors: Yordkayhun Sawasdee , Juhlin Christopher , Norden Ben 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional (3D) reflection seismic data were recorded as part of a pilot scale carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage project (CO2SINK) with the aim of mapping the structural geometry of the site and providing a 3D baseline prior to CO2 injection. Standard processing originally focused on the storage target, a saline aquifer at 500–700 m depth and successful imaged coherent reflections from 150 ms to 900 ms in the seismic volume. However, the relatively sparse distribution of sources and receivers, the frequency content of the data and artefacts of the processing resulted in the uppermost 150 ms being poorly resolved. This depth range contains caprock, shallow faults and an aquifer system. Thus, characterizing the shallow subsurface is important in terms of site delineation of potential leakage paths and monitoring after CO2 injection. In order to study the potential of mapping the uppermost reflectors and shallow structures associated with major fault zones, a comprehensive reprocessing effort on a subset of the 3D data was performed. The challenge in imaging shallow reflections is dependent upon the separation of ground roll and refracted energy from the reflected energy, as well as compensation for time shifts due to statics. Among the processing sequences, refraction static corrections, careful muting and filtering, velocity analysis and 3D time migration were key steps for enhancing the resolution and coherency of shallow seismic reflections. This study images a previously unmapped horizon, close to the Quaternary‐Tertiary boundary, at about 95–120 ms (~65–90 m depth). Correlation of lateral variations in reflectivity along this boundary, lateral velocity variations in the tomographic image and the seismic signature in modelling studies suggest an aquifer/aquitard complex and variable lithology with associated localized silty or clayey sediments, overlying the Tertiary Rupelton clay unit. In the previous processing it was not clear if the deeper faults imaged on the 3D seismic survey extended to shallower levels than the base Tertiary. Thus, a comprehensive fault detection technique, multi‐attributes and neural networks analysis, was employed in this study to allow a more reliable fault geometry to be interpreted. Tracking of faults in the seismic image and comparisons with a tomography study indicate that some deeper faults may penetrate into the overlying Tertiary unit. These findings are important for understanding potentially risky areas and can be used as a database for future monitoring programmes at the site.
Correlation of electrical resistivity, electrical conductivity and soil parameters at a long‐term fertilization experiment
Authors: Werban Ulrike , Kuka Katrin , Merbach Ines 
Published: August 2009

Geophysical methods are progressive, non‐destructive but indirect techniques for characterization of soil properties and mapping of soil heterogeneities. Geophysical surveys for soil mapping lead generally to ambiguous results since geophysical parameters are influenced by several soil properties, e.g., organic content, clay content and bulk density.The investigations presented here focus on the effect of different stages of organic content on DC‐geoelectrics and electromagnetic induction (EMI) at a long‐term fertilization experiment. This experiment gives, after 105 years running, an excellent opportunity to study the correlations between electrical resistivity, apparent electrical conductivity and soil parameters. Results from DC‐geoelectrical measurements (profile length 80–160 m, electrode distance 0.5 m) twice, in August after harvest and in January during black fallow period, are presented. Additionally electromagnetical investigations were conducted in January.Correlations of resistivity and carbon input into the soil are significant and very strong; especially in January with but contradictive in summer and winter. The analysis of resistivity and apparent electrical conductivity is critical since bulk density and water storage capacity is influenced by fertilization and plant growth. Interpretation of a combination of DC‐geoelectrics and electromagnetical techniques on agricultural areas has to be done with respect to management aspects.
Influence of tillage methods on soil water content and geophysical properties
Authors: Müller Martin , Kurz Gerhard , Yaramanci Ugur 
Published: August 2009

This paper focuses on the development of a geophysical methodology as a tool for agricultural soil research particularly concerning the impact of different tillage. Geophysical interest laid on the suitability (practically and technically) resolution limits of the applied methods; on the reliability of the data on small horizontal and vertical scales (cm–dm) in volumetric water content (VWC) determination as well as consequences for the interpretation in terms of water retention capacity.In parts of the investigated area a large field was divided into sub‐fields, each of them subjected to different tillage since about 15 years: normal tillage (field I, with a 0.3 m deep impact plough), conservative tillage (field II, zero tillage, just seeding) and mulch tillage (field III, just the uppermost 0.1 m ploughed). Measurements were performed on two parallel profiles with geoelectrics, radar, induced polarization and nuclear magnetic resonance.The contrast of VWC and electrical resistivity was always larger between fields I and II on profile 1 as well as on profile 2 but for one exception: for the ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data of August 2004 on profile 2 the largest contrast was between fields I and III, nevertheless the contrast between fields I and II was nearly as large as between fields I and III. How could the type of tillage of fields I and II be distinguished by the contrast of their physical parameters? Whereas on profile 1 field I was dryer and field II the wetter, on profile 2 field I was the wetter and field II the dryer one. On the other hand the laboratory samples from profile 2 showed a similar behaviour as the field data from profile 1. This (apparent) contradiction may have come from the respective precipitation history. Whereas some of the measurements have been performed during and shortly after a rain event, other measurements were performed after a longer dry period. During and directly after precipitation the soil on the unploughed field II could take up more, whereas the soil on the ploughed field could not hold as much water.The first layer of field I was more inhomogeneous than the first layer of field II and the second layer of field I was more homogeneous than the second layer of field II. The differences in homogeneity were caused by destructive process of the plough, which loosens the soil and exposes the soil to the weathering.