bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by nitrofurantoin: a case series
Authors: Appleyard Sally , Saraswati Ruma , Gorard David A 
Published: September 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Drugs can occasionally trigger the onset of autoimmune liver disease.

Case presentation
Three Caucasian women (aged 65, 42 and 74 years old) who were receiving long-term nitrofurantoin as prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections developed hepatitic liver disease. Serological auto-antibody profiles and liver histology appearances were consistent with autoimmune hepatitis. Two of the patients presented with jaundice, and one required a prolonged hospital admission for liver failure. In all three patients nitrofurantoin was withdrawn, and long-term immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine or mycophenolate was given. The patients responded well, with liver biochemistry returning to normal within a few months.

Conclusions
Although nitrofurantoin rarely causes autoimmune hepatitis, this antimicrobial is increasingly used as long-term prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infection. General practitioners and urologists who prescribe long-term nitrofurantoin therapy should be aware of this adverse effect.
Development of a neural network model for predicting glucose levels in a surgical critical care setting
Authors: Pappada Scott M , Borst Marilyn J , Cameron Brent D , Bourey Raymond E , Lather Jason D , Shipp Desmond , Chiricolo Antonio , Papadimos Thomas J 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Development of neural network models for the prediction of glucose levels in critically ill patients through the application of continuous glucose monitoring may provide enhanced patient outcomes. Here we demonstrate the utilization of a predictive model in real-time bedside monitoring. Such modeling may provide intelligent/directed therapy recommendations, guidance, and ultimately automation, in the near future as a means of providing optimal patient safety and care in the provision of insulin drips to prevent hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.
P190B RhoGAP has pro-tumorigenic functions during MMTV-Neu mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis
Authors: McHenry Peter R , Sears James C , Herrick Matthew P , Chang Peggy , Heckman-Stoddard Brandy M , Rybarczyk Megan , Chodosh Lewis A , Gunther Edward J , Hilsenbeck Susan G , Rosen Jeffrey M , Vargo-Gogola Tracy 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Introduction
Rho GTPases are overexpressed and hyperactivated in human breast cancers. Deficiency of p190B RhoGAP, a major inhibitor of the Rho GTPases, inhibits mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (MMTV)-Neu/ErbB2 mammary tumor formation and progression in part through effects within the stromal environment, suggesting that p190B function is pro-tumorigenic. To further investigate the potential pro-tumorigenic actions of p190B, we examined the effects of exogenous p190B expression within the mammary epithelium on MMTV-Neu tumor formation and progression.

Methods
Tetracycline (tet)-regulatable p190B transgenic mice were bred to MMTV-Neu mice, and the effects of exogenous p190B expression on tumor latency, multiplicity, growth rates, angiogenesis, and metastasis were examined. The effects of exogenous p190B expression on cell-matrix adhesion and invasion were tested using non-transformed primary mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Rho GTPase activity, oxidative stress as an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and downstream signaling pathways were analyzed.

Results
Altered p190B expression resulted in a two-fold increase in tumor multiplicity and a three-fold increase in metastases compared to control mice indicating that exogenous p190B expression in the mammary epithelium promotes MMTV-Neu mammary tumor formation and progression. Interestingly, non-transformed primary MECs expressing exogenous p190B displayed increased adhesion to laminin and type IV collagen and formed invasive structures in a three-dimensional culture assay. Ras related C3 botulinum toxin 1 (Rac1)-GTP levels were elevated in p190B transgenic tumors whereas Ras homologous A (RhoA) and cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42)-GTP levels were not significantly altered. Rac1 activity affects production of ROS, which regulate transformation, metastasis, and oxidative stress. Protein carbonylation, which is indicative of oxidative stress, was elevated 1.75-fold in p190B transgenic tumors as compared to control tumors suggesting that exogenous p190B expression may affect Rac1-dependent ROS production.

Conclusions
These studies indicate that paradoxically, p190B RhoGAP, a major inhibitor of the Rho GTPases in vitro, has pro-tumorigenic functions that enhance MMTV-Neu induced mammary tumor formation and metastasis. Furthermore, exogenous p190B expression enhances cell adhesion and invasion, which may facilitate metastasis. Rac1 activity and oxidative stress are elevated in tumors expressing exogenous p190B suggesting that p190B may promote tumorigenesis through a Rac1/ROS dependent mechanism.
Research Resource: Estrogen-Driven Prolactin-Mediated Gene-Expression Networks in Hormone-Induced Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Tam Neville N.C. , Szeto Carol Y.Y. , Freudenberg Johannes M. , Fullenkamp Amy N. , Medvedovic Mario , Ho Shuk-Mei 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Cotreatment with testosterone (T) and 17β-estradiol (E2) is an established regimen for inducing of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer in rodent models. We previously used the pure antiestrogen ICI 182,780 (ICI) and bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist, to inhibit PIN induction and systemic hyperprolactinemia in Noble rats and found that the carcinogenic action of T+E2 is mediated directly by the effects of E2 on the prostate and/or indirectly via E2-induced hyperprolactinemia. In this study, we delineate the specific action(s) of E2 and prolactin (PRL) in early prostate carcinogenesis by an integrated approach combining global transcription profiling, gene ontology, and gene-network mapping. We identified 2504 differentially expressed genes in the T+E2-treated lateral prostate. The changes in expression of a subset of 1990 genes (∼80%) were blocked upon cotreatment with ICI and bromocriptine, respectively, whereas those of 262 genes (∼10%) were blocked only by treatment with ICI, suggesting that E2-induced pituitary PRL is the primary mediator of the prostatic transcriptional response to the altered hormone milieu. Bioinformatics analyses identified hormone-responsive gene networks involved in immune responses, stromal tissue remodeling, and the ERK pathway. In particular, our data suggest that IL-1β may mediate, at least in part, hormone-induced changes in gene expression during PIN formation. Together, these data highlight the importance of pituitary PRL in estrogen-induced prostate tumorigenesis. The identification of both E2- and pituitary PRL-responsive genes provides a comprehensive resource for future investigations of the complex mechanisms by which changes in the endocrine milieu contribute to prostate carcinogenesis in vivo.
Edge Correction in Calculation of Dielectric Constant
Authors: Woolley David E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
When relative permittivity (relative dielectric constant) is calculated based on capacitance data from an unshielded, two-electrode fixture, edge capacitance corrections should be used. Corrections are given in ASTM D150-98 for the case of thin electrodes (such as foil) in several configurations. The ASTM formulas are based on multiple linear regression analysis of data from Scott and Curtis. In this study, a finite-element model of the original measurement setup is developed, and the model is verified against the original data. The model is used to do additional numerical experiments, and these new data are used to extend the range of the original regression formulas.
Farsahhan sih selban imu […], lihhamun hreinnan … Alles nur Worte? Askese in Scriptorium und Bibliothek
Authors: Moulin Claudine 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Focusing especially on case studies from the Old High German glosses to the Rule of Benedict, and especially on the lexeme disciplina, one of their central ascetic terms, this contribution examines different manifestations and methods of the glossators’ annotation system from a primarily linguistic viewpoint. The Old High German words interpolated between and to the side of the Latin lines are interpreted not only as linguistic primary material, but at the same time as means of deepening our cultural-historical understanding of medieval forms of life and the spheres of knowledge inherent to them in which asceticism played a major role.
Die Besänftigung göttlichen Zorns in karolingischer Zeit. Kaiserliche Vorgaben zu Fasten, Gebet und Buße im Umfeld der Hungersnot von 805/06
Authors: Jörg Christian 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The study focuses on fasting as a means of recovering God’s grace, an act which was frequently ordered by authorities throughout the European Middle Ages. Crop failure in particular, as well as the famine which regularly resulted from it, were countered by fasting lasting several days. The famine of the years 805 to 806 is a special case of collective asceticism focussed on a distinct geographical entity and carried out using suitable rules e.g. fasting, prayer, alms-giving etc. At the same time it is shown to be a paradigmatic example of medieval crisis management. In cases such as these, renunciation seems to have been a sort of religiously motivated inward-looking self-compulsion. Consequently asceticism of this type can be regarded as the product of an external compulsion which seeks to mediate the world of events through a collectively established religious order.
Asketische Repräsentation und Lektüre. Von der ‚Vita Elyzabeth‘ zum ‚Bihtebuoch‘
Authors: Ruge Nikolaus 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
My paper focuses on two different ways of relating textuality and asceticism in late medieval vernacular texts. The first part investigates various textual representations of the polyvalent ascetic biography of Elizabeth of Hungary (most of them based on the ‘Vita S. Elyzabeth’ by Dietrich von Apolda), and observes that Elizabeth’s rather modern, worldly ascetic practices did not inhibit monastic reception of their hagiographic representations in the vernacular. Nonetheless, at least one passage of the different versions of the ‘Vita’ questions, in a more or less pronounced manner, the very possibility of representing ascetism. Rutebeuf’s 13th-century French version puts it most clearly: It is not the movement of lips and teeth that leads to salvation, but true compunction. Subsequently, the second part discusses a related question raised by a 14th-century Rhenish Franconian confessional handbook: Does textual ascetism have to be encoded via linguistic form?
‚Barlaam und Josaphat‘ Überlegungen zur Bildwürdigkeit der Askese im Mittelalter
Authors: Kerscher Gottfried 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The contribution concentrates on the graphic representation of asceticism and ascetic life forms as it is perceived in a late medieval version of the legend of ‘Barlaam and Josaphat’. The legend was handed down from a Buddhist text version first in Byzantium and later in the West; the often illustrated German vernacular version of Rudolf von Ems forms the basis of the contribution. Asceticism served as a self-compulsatory voluntary decision for the acquisition of divine mercy in all of these works. Here the indefatigable striving for welfare corresponded to the indefatigable occupational work culminating in actions conferring with God’s ultimate will. However, this could hardly be represented by means of detailed illustrations, but had to be communicated in a sign-like fashion through actions such as putting away of one’s clothes etc.; indeed, even an emaciated body was a sufficiently clear sign denoting asceticism.
Mystik und Askese: Unterschiedliche Tendenzen in der jüdischen Mystik und deren Korrespondenzen im Sufismus und in der arabischen Philosophie
Authors: Morlok Elke , Musall Frederek 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
This article deals with the incompatibility of Christian and Jewish stereotypes in asceticism and tries to establish new models for approaching ascetic tendencies within the latter. In the context of halachic regulations we examine different ascetic aspects within Judaism, with a special focus on medieval Spain. In this area we observe a certain interaction between Jewish and Sufi trends, esp. in the works of Bachja ibn Paquda, Abraham bar Chijja and Abraham Maimonides. In the works of these authors we find tripartite models of asceticism which signify the path to the deity. In a comparison with Sufi texts such as those of Al-Gazali, the three levels of repentance/law, meditation/path and the recognition of the divine truth are shown to be intertwined in a similar way, and all describe the way of the philosopher or mystic to the highest knowledge. In a further section this tripartite schema is compared to kabbalistic texts with their ideas of ascent and union with the divine within ecstatic kabbalah. In the first example we observe how an erotic impulse may lead to an ascetic way of life and how the horizontal move out of society leads to a vertical ascent of the soul and the foundation of a new, mobile society. In the second text we also detect the three intertwined stages of our model and see how ascetic preparations lead to an erotic union of the mystic’s soul with the divine intellect. Asceticism is described in both texts as a mode of transformation and the path between two extremes, which finally leads to intimate knowledge of the deity.
Moderne und Askese Über ihr Verhältnis nach Max Weber und Norbert Elias
Authors: Hahn Alois , Hoffmann Matthias 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
In this article Weber’s famous theory concerning “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism” is taken as a theory of civilization. It is shown that in his analysis of ascetic Puritanism, and also of the Calvinistic doctrine of predestination, Weber comes to depict the principle of self-control as the main feature of the Puritan which makes him “the father of modern self-discipline”. Self-discipline in turn is the principal ability of modern man in Norbert Elias’ theory of civilization. But all these categories that Elias uses to describe the status of being civilized – self-control, control of emotion, methodical moderation of spontaneity, punctuality etc. – already appear in the work of Max Weber in his attempt to explain the religious genesis of such attitudes.
Mass Transfer to Microelectrodes and Arrays
Authors: Sequeira C. A. C. , Santos D. M. F. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The properties and advantages of microelectrodes and arrays are reviewed and mass transfer to these microstructures detailed. Various methods for the solution of the mass transfer equations are described, and an overview of analytical and numerical techniques mentioned, including discrete methods, methods of weighted residuals, and finite element methods. Applications in the simulation of electrochemical systems are reported.
Crystal Structure and Solid–Solid Phase Transition of 1-Dodecylamine Hydrobromide
Authors: Liu Yupu , Di Youying , Dan Wenyan , He Donghua 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
1-dodecylamine hydrobromide was synthesized. The crystal structure of the compound was determined by X-ray crystallography. Low-temperature heat capacities of the title compound were measured by an adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 390 K. Three solid–solid phase transitions were observed at the peak temperatures of (329.278±0.234), (337.805±0.326), and (347.371±0.154) K. The molar enthalpies and entropies of the three phase transitions of the substance were calculated based on the analysis of heat capacity curves. Experimental values of heat capacities for the title compound were fitted to two polynomial equations. Three solid–solid phase transitions and a melting process of 1-dodecylamine hydrobromide were verified by DSC technique. In addition, the reversibility and repeatability of the three phase transitions were discussed.
Do Financial Shocks Have Negative Effects on Small Businesses? New Evidence from Japan for the Late 1990s
Authors: Tsuruta Daisuke 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The banking literature suggests that the low performance of the banking sector can spread to real economic activities, especially small businesses. Many previous studies insist that the Japanese experience of the 1990s supports this argument. However, many studies of small businesses are often insufficient since they depend on aggregate data, even though small businesses are likely to face difficult constraints in their activities when financial problems are severe. In this study, we use firm-level data on small businesses and investigate whether bank-dependent small businesses face severe constraints on their activities, which lowers performance. Our results differ from the findings of previous work in this area. First, we show that per the widely used TANKAN statistics, the focus of many existing studies, is misleading and that a majority of respondents in this survey (at least 71%) report no worsening in the lending attitude of financial institutions in the so-called credit crunch period of 1998-1999 (or even in the 2000-2001 period). Second, using detailed firm level panel data from the Credit Risk Database, we find no significant reductions in the loans for the majority of small businesses. Third, while we do find evidence that bank-dependent firms increased reliance on internal funds during the period of the credit crunch (1998-2001), we find no evidence that this negatively impacted firm performance (as reflected in firm growth and profitability measures).
Levels and Distribution of PCBs and Organochlorine Pesticides in the Air, Pine Needles, and Human Milk
Authors: Kožul Darija , Romanić Snježana 
Published: September 2010

Razine i raspodjela PCB-a i organoklorovih pesticida u zraku, borovim iglicama i majčinu mlijekuU ovome preglednom radu prikazani su rezultati dobiveni diljem svijeta o raspodjelii razinama 20 kongenera poliklorbifenila (PCB) i 7 organoklorovih pesticida (OCP) u uzorcima zraka, majčina mlijeka i borovih iglica. Istraživanja prisutnosti navedenih spojeva u tim uzorcima dugi niz godina provode se i u Institutu za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada te su u ovome preglednom radu sažeti i ti rezultati. Vidljivo je da su se koncentracije organoklorovih spojeva značajno snizile nakon zakonske zabrane njihove upotrebe, no to se snižavanje usporilo i oni se još nalaze u svim uzorcima. Općenito, više razine PCB-a nađene su u uzorcima s urbanog područja, razine pesticida više u onima gdje je vjerojatno u prošlosti postojala njihova primjena u poljoprivredi, dok je razina HCB-a obično pokazatelj industrijske aktivnosti.γ-HCH određen je u najvišoj koncentraciji u uzorcima zraka i borovih iglica, dok su u ljudima najzastupljeniji DDE i β-HCH. Indikatorski kongeneri PCB-a također su različito zastupljeni u okolišu i ljudima te su tako u zraku i borovim iglicama više koncentracije hlapljivijih nižekloriranih PCB-a, a u ljudima postojanijih višekloriranih PCB-a. Od toksičnihortho-supstituiranih kongenera PCB-a i u uzorcima ljudi i okoliša najzastupljeniji je PCB-118, dok su najrjeđe detektirana tri najtoksičnija ne-ortho-supstituirana kongenera: PCB-77, PCB-126 i PCB-169. Od organoklorovih pesticida DDD u svim je uzorcima određen u najnižim koncentracijama.
Effects of Lycopene, Indole-3-Carbinol, and Luteolin on Nitric Oxide Production and iNOS Expression are Organ-Specific in Rats
Authors: Rostoka Evita , Isajevs Sergejs , Baumane Larisa , Line Aija , Silina Karina , Dzintare Maija , Sharipova Jelena , Svirina Darja , Kalvinsh Ivars , Sjakste Nikolajs 
Published: September 2010

Effects of Lycopene, Indole-3-Carbinol, and Luteolin on Nitric Oxide Production and iNOS Expression are Organ-Specific in RatsNatural compounds are known to modify NO content in tissues; however, the biological activity of polyphenol-rich food often does not correspond to the effects of individual polyphenols on NO synthase activity. The aim of this study was to see how natural compounds luteolin, indole-3-carbinol, and lycopene modify NO production in rat tissues and change the expression of the iNOS gene and protein. Indole-3-carbinol produced multiple effects on the NO level; it significantly decreased NO concentration in blood, lungs, and skeletal muscles and increased it in the liver. Indole-3-carbinol enhanced lipopolyssaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in all rat organs. It decreased iNOS gene expression in the brain cortex of animals that did not receive LPS and up-regulated it in the LPS-treated animals. Lycopene increased the iNOS gene transcription rate in the brain cortex of LPS-treated animals. Luteolin did not modify NO production in any organ of LPS-untreated rats, nor did it affect gene expression in the liver. In the brain it slightly decreased iNOS gene expression. Luteolin decreased NO production in the blood of LPS-treated animals and the number of iNOS-positive cells in these animals. Our results suggest that changes in tissue NO levels caused by natural compounds cannot be predicted from their effect on NOS expression or activity obtained in model systems. This stresses the importance of direct measurements of NO and NOS expression in animal tissues.
School Choice and Vocational Guidance for Schoolchildren With Chronic Diseases and Other Health Problems
Authors: Lančić Franciska , Majski-Cesarec Slavenka , Musil Vera 
Published: September 2010

Školsko i profesionalno usmjeravanje učenika s kroničnim bolestima i drugim poremećajima zdravljaOsim praćenja rasta, razvoja i zdravstvenog stanja učenika tijekom školovanja, liječnik školske medicine razmišlja i o njihovu profesionalnom razvoju. Posebnu pozornost zahtijevaju učenici s kroničnim bolestima, kojih je prema istraživanjima 10 % do 15 %. Prije izbora zanimanja potrebno je upoznati roditelje i učenike s ograničenjima koja proizlaze iz prirode bolesti ili stanja. To omogućuje učenicima da razviju interes za zanimanja za koja nemaju kontraindikaciju. Sistematski pregled u osmom razredu osnovne škole procjena je učenikovih psihofizičkih sposobnosti za nastavak srednjoškolskog obrazovanja. Tijekom pregleda provodi se profesionalno informiranje za sve učenike. Učenici s kroničnim bolestima, teškoćama u razvoju i drugim poremećajima zdravlja upućuju se na profesionalno usmjeravanje. Cilj ovog rada bio je prikaz razloga upućivanja na školsko i profesionalno usmjeravanje učenika osmih razreda, deset osnovnih škola iz Varaždinske županije, u razdoblju od školske godine 1998./99. do 2007./08. Od ukupno 4939 pregledanih učenika, na profesionalno usmjeravanje bilo je upućeno njih 458 (9,3 %). Najčešći razlozi upućivanja bili su bolesti i stanja iz skupine duševnih poremećaja i poremećaja ponašanja, sa zastupljenošću od 41,3 %. Preporuke stručnog tima za profesionalno usmjeravanje za daljnje školovanje nije slijedilo 10,5 % učenika. Za učenike s kroničnim bolestima i drugim poremećajima zdravlja bilo bi potrebno osigurati dovoljan broj upisnih mjesta u srednjim školama te kontinuirano pratiti njihov profesionalni razvoj radi intervencije u slučaju potrebe promjene škole i uvida u ishod obrazovanja. To bi se postiglo koordiniranim radom školskih liječnika, timova za profesionalno usmjeravanje, srednjih škola i županijskih upravnih odjela za prosvjetu, kulturu i šport.