bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupted one-carbon metabolism in heifers negatively affects their health and physiology
Authors: Crouse Matthew S , Trotta Ronald J , Freetly Harvey C , Lindholm-Perry Amanda K , Neville Bryan W , Oliver William T , Hammer Carrie J , Syring Jessica G , King Layla E , Neville Tammi L , Reynolds Lawrence P , Dahlen Carl R , Caton Joel S , Ward Alison K , Cushman Robert A 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the dose-dependent response of one-carbon metabolite (OCM: methionine, choline, folate, and vitamin B12) supplementation on heifer dry matter intake on fixed gain, organ mass, hematology, cytokine concentration, pancreatic and jejunal enzyme activity, and muscle hydrogen peroxide production. Angus heifers (n = 30; body weight [BW] = 392.6 ± 12.6 kg) were individually fed and assigned to one of five treatments: 0XNEG: total mixed ration (TMR) and saline injections at days 0 and 7 of the estrous cycle, 0XPOS: TMR, rumen-protected methionine (MET) fed at 0.08% of the diet dry matter, rumen-protected choline (CHOL) fed at 60 g/d, and saline injections at days 0 and 7, 0.5X: TMR, MET, CHOL, 5-mg B12, and 80-mg folate injections at days 0 and 7, 1X: TMR, MET CHOL, 10-mg vitamin B12, and 160-mg folate at days 0 and 7, and 2X: TMR, MET, CHOL, 20-mg vitamin B12, and 320-mg folate at days 0 and 7. All heifers were estrus synchronized but not bred, and blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, and at slaughter (day 14) during which tissues were collected. By design, heifer ADG did not differ (P = 0.96). Spleen weight and uterine weight were affected cubically (P = 0.03) decreasing from 0XPOS to 0.5X. Ovarian weight decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing folate and B12 injection. Hemoglobin and hematocrit percentage were decreased (P &lt; 0.01) in the 0.5X treatment compared with all other treatments. Plasma glucose, histotroph protein, and pancreatic α-amylase were decreased (P ≤ 0.04) in the 0.5X treatment. Heifers on the 2X treatment had greater pancreatic α-amylase compared with 0XNEG and 0.5X treatment. Interleukin-6 in plasma tended (P = 0.08) to be greater in the 0XPOS heifers compared with all other treatments. Lastly, 0XPOS-treated heifers had reduced (P ≤ 0.07) hydrogen peroxide production in muscle compared with 0XNEG heifers. These data imply that while certain doses of OCM do not improve whole animal physiology, OCM supplementation doses that disrupt one-carbon metabolism, such as that of the 0.5X treatment, can induce a negative systemic response that results in negative effects in both the dam and the conceptus during early gestation. Therefore, it is necessary to simultaneously establish an optimal OCM dose that increases circulating concentrations for use by the dam and the conceptus, while avoiding potential negative side effects of a disruptive OCM, to evaluate the long-term impacts of OCM supplementation of offspring programming.
A review of the varunid crab genusParapyxidognathusWard, 1941 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Varunidae), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: Hsu Jhih-Wei , Shih Hsi-Te 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpecies of Parapyxidognathus Ward, 1941 are distributed across tropical Indo-West Pacific to temperate downstream rivers and in estuaries. The genus previously included only one species, Parapyxidognathus deianira (De Man, 1888). We examined specimens from Parapyxidognathus and its closely related genus, Pyxidognathus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879 from the eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific, focusing on their morphological characters. The results also support the reclassification of Pyxidognathus fluviatilis Alcock, 1900 into Parapyxidognathus, as well as the establishment of two new species from the western Pacific, Pa. tshiansuesp. nov. and Pa. ongiasp. nov. The identity of the species is supported by evidence from mitochondrial 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) genes. There are now four species in Parapyxidognathus distinguishable by the characters of the anterolateral teeth of the carapace, the pleon, and the first gonopods of the male, and the female vulvae.
An unusual case of an extensive post-injection retroperitoneal abscess in an intravenous drug user
Authors: Gerasopoulos Georgios , Patriarcheas Vasileios , Mitsas Angelos C , Karagianni Foteini , Routis Panagiotis , Kostis Minas , Voultsinos Vasileios , Lazaridis Michail , Tsitlakidis Anastasios 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Retroperitoneal abscesses constitute an uncommon, complex, and life-threatening intra-abdominal infection. The insidious nature of the presentation, coupled with the presence of non-specific clinical symptoms, might result in misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, ultimately contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Herein we report a case of a 32-year-old intravenous drug user who presented to the emergency department complaining of high-grade fever, intense hiccough, and back pain due to retroperitoneal abscess formation after intravenous injection in the left femoral vein.
Escherichia coli non-coding regulatory regions are highly conserved
Authors: Lamoureux Cameron R , Phaneuf Patrick V , Palsson Bernhard O , Zielinski Daniel C 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Microbial genome sequences are rapidly accumulating, enabling large-scale studies of sequence variation. Existing studies primarily focus on coding regions to study amino acid substitution patterns in proteins. However, non-coding regulatory regions also play a distinct role in determining physiologic responses. To investigate intergenic sequence variation on a large-scale, we identified non-coding regulatory region alleles across 2350 Escherichia coli strains. This ‘alleleome’ consists of 117 781 unique alleles for 1169 reference regulatory regions (transcribing 1975 genes) at single base-pair resolution. We find that 64% of nucleotide positions are invariant, and variant positions vary in a median of just 0.6% of strains. Additionally, non-coding alleles are sufficient to recover E. coli phylogroups. We find that core promoter elements and transcription factor binding sites are significantly conserved, especially those located upstream of essential or highly-expressed genes. However, variability in conservation of transcription factor binding sites is significant both within and across regulons. Finally, we contrast mutations acquired during adaptive laboratory evolution with wild-type variation, finding that the former preferentially alter positions that the latter conserves. Overall, this analysis elucidates the wealth of information found in E. coli non-coding sequence variation and expands pangenomic studies to non-coding regulatory regions at single-nucleotide resolution.
Hermeneutical disarmament
Authors: Morgan Robert 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
When words and phrases change their meaning, we might find ourselves less able to understand and communicate, and this can be harmful to us. I make sense of this by introducing the concept of hermeneutical disarmament. Hermeneutical disarmament is the process by which a person is rendered less able to understand or communicate experiences, ideas, and other phenomena as a result of semantic change to the linguistic resources that could previously have been deployed for these purposes. I defend this concept by showing that semantic change can inflict cognitive and communicative harms and detail some of the forms that it can take.
Does long-term drought or repeated defoliation affect seasonal leaf N cycling in young beech trees?
Authors: Massonnet Catherine , Chuste Pierre-Antoine , Zeller Bernhard , Tillard Pascal , Gerard Bastien , Cheraft Loucif , Breda Nathalie , Maillard Pascale 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Forest trees adopt effective strategies to optimize nitrogen (N) use through internal N recycling. In the context of more recurrent environmental stresses due to climate change, the question remains of whether increased frequency of drought or defoliation threatens this internal N recycling strategy. We submitted 8-year-old beech trees to 2 years of either severe drought (Dro) or manual defoliation (Def) to create a state of N starvation. At the end of the second year before leaf senescence, we labeled the foliage of the Dro and Def trees, as well as that of control (Co) trees, with 15N-urea. Leaf N resorption, winter tree N storage (total N, 15N, amino acids, soluble proteins) and N remobilization in spring were evaluated for the three treatments. Defoliation and drought did not significantly impact foliar N resorption or N concentrations in organs in winter. Total N amounts in Def tree remained close to those in Co tree, but winter N was stored more in the branches than in the trunk and roots. Total N amount in Dro trees was drastically reduced (−55%), especially at the trunk level, but soluble protein concentrations increased in the trunk and fine roots compared with Co trees. During spring, 15N was mobilized from the trunk, branches and twigs of both Co and Def trees to support leaf growth. It was only provided through twig 15N remobilization in the Dro trees, thus resulting in extremely reduced Dro leaf N amounts. Our results suggest that stress-induced changes occur in N metabolism but with varying severity depending on the constraints: within-tree 15N transport and storage strategy changed in response to defoliation, whereas a soil water deficit induced a drastic reduction of the N amounts in all the tree organs. Consequently, N dysfunction could be involved in drought-induced beech tree mortality under the future climate.
High-Quality Complete Genome Sequence of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. dieffenbachiae Outbreak Strain D182: The Causative Agent of Anthurium Bacterial Blight in Hawaii
Authors: Dobhal Shefali , Chuang Shu-Cheng , Arizala Dario , Keith Lisa M. , Alvarez Anne M. , Arif Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. dieffenbachiae (Xpd), the causal agent of anthurium blight, is classified as an A2 quarantine organism on the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) list due to its devastating impact on the anthurium industry. In this study, we sequenced strain D182, representative of the Hawaiian anthurium blight outbreak (1981 to 1986), using PacBio RS II SMRT technology. High-quality de novo assembly of 5,217,888 bp (65% GC) was generated with a mean coverage of 351× using HGAP v4. Strain D182 harbors one plasmid (73.5 kb, 60.8% GC). Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of 99.86 and 98.9%, respectively, showed close phylogenetic relationships with Xpd strain LMG 695PT. The genome information will be useful in providing insights into the genomic biology, virulence mechanisms, and evolutionary relationships of Xpd and other strains associated with anthurium blight outbreaks worldwide. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Elbow Flexor Release Combined With Selective Neurectomy of Musculocutaneous Nerve for Spastic Elbow Flexion Deformity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: De Lepeleere Bram , Fitoussi Frank 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Spasticity of the elbow flexors causes a dynamic and/or static elbow flexion deformity. This position interferes with the functional use of the hand, is aesthetically unpleasant and can cause problems with hygiene and comfort. A lengthening procedure of elbow flexor muscles can improve elbow posture and range of motion. However, causal spasticity is not addressed directly. Selective neurectomy of the musculocutaneous nerve has a direct effect on underlying spasticity but is not sufficient when contracture is present. In this study, we examine the long-term results of a combined surgical approach: a release procedure of the elbow flexors and selective neurectomy of the musculocutaneous nerve.

Methods:
A retrospective study of 14 patients with spastic flexion deformity of the elbow was performed. After a mean follow-up of 52.6 months (SD 33, range 12 to 113), the results of the combined surgical approach were evaluated. Spontaneous position of the elbow and active and passive range of motion were assesses using goniometry. Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale. Function of the affected upper limb before and after surgery was assessed by the House functional classification. Patient and caretaker’s satisfaction were assessed using a visual analogue scale.

Results:
The mean decrease of passive elbow extension deficit was 34 degrees (SD 21.3, P<0.05). Active elbow extension increased with a mean of 41 degrees (SD 16.5, P<0.05). Spontaneous position elbow flexion decreased by a mean of 40 degrees (SD 21.1, P<0.05).
The Modified Ashworth score decreased significantly (P<0.05) from 3.27 (range 1 to 4) preoperatively to 0.64 (range 0 to 4) postoperatively.
The difference between the House score preoperatively and postoperatively was not significant (P=0.180). Mean patient satisfaction was 8.2/10 (SD 2.7, range 2 to 10) and mean caregiver satisfaction was 7.1/10 (SD 2.7, range 1 to 10).

Conclusion:
A combined surgical approach to elbow flexion deformity in the form of a lengthening procedure and selective neurectomy of the elbow flexors result in a significant and sustained improvement of the spontaneous position, active and passive elbow extension and elbow flexor spasticity and high patient and caregiver satisfaction.

Level of Evidence:
Case series, level IV.
Effectiveness of IVIG on Non–Length-Dependent Skin Biopsies in Small Fiber Neuropathy With Plexin D1, Trisulfated Heparin Disaccharide, and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Autoantibodies
Authors: Zeidman Lawrence A. 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
To demonstrate treatment efficacy on composite and non–length-dependent (NLD) punch biopsy specimens from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in pure small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) with trisulfated heparin disaccharide (TS-HDS), fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGFR-3), or Plexin D1 antibodies. SFN has an increasing prevalence, and over 30% of cases may be immune-mediated. TS-HDS, FGFR-3, and Plexin D1 autoantibodies have been shown to be present in 44%–55% of cryptogenic SFN cases, suggesting an immune mechanism. Reports have shown IVIG to be effective for this condition, but some controversy exists based on length-dependent (LD) post-IVIG treatment data in a recent trial.

Methods:
In a retrospective review, all pure SFN cases tested for the 3 antibodies from January 2021 to May 2022 were tabulated, and patients who underwent IVIG treatment were separated and analyzed for changes in epidermal nerve fiber density (ENFD) on skin biopsy, as well as SFN-specific questionnaire and pain scores.

Results:
Ninety-one patients with pure SFN had antibody testing. Sixty of these (66%) were seropositive, and 31 (34%) were seronegative. Seventeen seropositive patients (13 female patients, 4 male patients, 6 FGFR-3, 2 TS-HDS, 4 Plexin D1, 2 with all 3 antibodies, 1 with FGFR-3 and Plexin D1, 1 with FGFR-3 and TS-HDS, and 1 with TS-HDS and Plexin D1) underwent IVIG treatment. Of these, 2 patients stopped treatment due to side effects, and the remaining 15 completed at least 6 months of IVIG. Of these, 12 had a post-IVIG skin biopsy, and of these, 11 (92%) had a 55.1% improved mean composite ENFD (P = 0.01). NLD-ENFD specimens improved by 42.3% (P = 0.02), and LD-ENFD specimens improved by 99.7% (P = 0.01). Composite ENFD in Plexin D1-SFN patients improved by 139% (P = 0.04). In addition, 14 patients had questionnaires pre-IVIG/post-IVIG, and average pain decreased by 2.7 (P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
IVIG shows disease-modifying effect in immune SFN with novel antibodies, especially Plexin D1-SFN, as well as significantly improved pain. NLD-ENFD should be examined as well as LD-ENFD to see this effect. Further randomized controlled trials looking at NLD-ENFD as well as LD-ENFD improvement, along with pain and SFN-specific questionnaires, are needed to confirm these findings.
Survival outcomes of radium-223 therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following national health insurance reimbursement in Taiwan
Authors: Yao Shan-Fan , Huang William J. , Wei Tzu-Chun , Wang Yuh-Feng , Lin Ko-Han , Hu Lien-Hsin , Ting Chien-Hsin , Lee Tse-Hao , Yeh Skye Hsin-Hsien , Peng Nan-Jing 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) prolongs overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with symptomatic bone metastases. However, there is considerable variation in outcomes among individuals. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic determinants associated with patient survival following National Health Insurance (NHI) reimbursement for Ra-223 therapy in Taiwan.

Methods:
Patients with mCRPC who underwent Ra-223 treatment at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were retrospectively enrolled. Each intravenous Ra-223 dose was administered at 55 kBq/kg at 4-week intervals. Clinical outcomes were obtained from medical records; potential prognostic factors for survival were assessed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to generate cumulative survival curves; between-group differences were evaluated using the Chi-squared test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:
Seventy-six patients underwent Ra-223 therapy; 62 patients received NHI reimbursement and the remainder self-paid. Fifty patients (65.8%) completed six cycles of treatment; 26 (34.2%) received 1 to 5 cycles. Mortality occurred in 47 patients. Factors significantly associated with survival included ≤five bone metastases (p = 0.0018), baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤36 ng/mL (p = 0.0004), baseline alkaline phosphate (ALP) <115 U/L (p = 0.0007), and baseline hemoglobin (Hb) >12 g/dL (p = 0.0029). Patients who completed six cycles of treatment achieved significantly higher OS compared to those who did not (p < 0.0001). There has been a 4.4-fold increase in the number of patients since reimbursement began; there was no significant difference in OS between patients who received NHI reimbursement and those who self-paid.

Conclusion:
Administration of Ra-223 demonstrates considerable potential to extend the survival of patients with mCRPC. Survival outcomes may be influenced by various prognostic factors. However, no significant difference in OS was observed subsequent to reimbursement of Ra-223 therapy for mCRPC through the NHI system in Taiwan.
Diagnostic ability of macular nerve fiber layer thickness measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography in preperimetric glaucoma
Authors: Yeh Shih-Jung , Su Yi-Wen , Chen Mei-Ju 
Published: May 2024

Background:
We evaluated the diagnostic ability of macula retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness in preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) patients.

Methods:
This prospective study included 83 patients with PPG and 83 age- and refractive error-matched normal control subjects. PPG was defined as a localized RNFL defect corresponding to glaucomatous optic disc changes with a normal visual field test. We used spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) to measure the circumpapillary RNFL (cpRNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness. Swept-source (SS) OCT was used to measure cpRNFL thickness, macular ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer (IPL) thickness (GCL+), and macular ganglion cell layer + IPL+ mRNFL thickness (GCL++). The mRNFL thickness was defined as GCL++ minus GCL+. To evaluate the diagnostic power of each parameter, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was analyzed to differentiate PPG from the normal groups.

Results:
Using SD-OCT, all GCIPL parameters and most cpRNFL parameters, except at the nasal and temporal quadrant, were significantly lower in PPG versus normal controls. PPG eyes had significantly smaller values than normal controls for all cpRNFL and GCL parameters measured by SS-OCT, except mRNFL at the superonasal area. The inferotemporal GCL++ had the largest AUROC value (0.904), followed by inferotemporal GCL+ (0.882), inferotemporal GCIPL thickness (0.871), inferior GCL++ (0.866), inferior cpRNFL thickness by SS-OCT (0.846), inferior cpRNFL thickness by SD-OCT (0.841), and inferotemporal mRNFL thickness (0.840). The diagnostic performance was comparable between inferotemporal mRNFL thickness and the best measures of GCL (inferotemporal GCL++, p = 0.098) and cpRNFL (inferior cpRNFL thickness by SS-OCT, p = 0.546).

Conclusion:
The diagnostic ability of mRNFL thickness was comparable to that of the best measures of cpRNFL and GCL analysis for eyes with PPG. Therefore, mRNFL thickness could be a new parameter to detect early structural changes in PPG.
People-Oriented Culture and Its Association With Burnout, Depressive Symptoms, and Sleep Problems During COVID-19 Pandemic Among EMS Providers in Korea
Authors: Kim Ji-Hwan , Yoon Jaehong , Kim Soo Jin , Kim Ja Young , Kim Seung-Sup 
Published: May 2024

Objective
This study examined how perceived people-oriented culture (POC) was associated with burnout, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic among emergency medical service (EMS) providers in Korea.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 693 EMS providers in 2021.

Results
Overall, prevalence of personal burnout, work-related burnout, and citizen-related burnout were 61.5%, 60.0%, and 60.6%, respectively. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was 25.1%. Prevalence of poor sleep quality, unrestful sleep, and sleep disturbance were 46.5%, 58.2%, and 52.2%, respectively. Compared to high POC group, higher prevalence of depressive symptoms was observed among medium (prevalence ratio: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.32) and low (prevalence ratio: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.92, 3.79) POC group. Similar trends were observed in the analysis of burnout and sleep problems.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore that low POC could play a critical role in worsening burnout, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems among EMS providers.
Anatomical Analysis of the Eustachian Tube in the Temporal Bone Through the Middle Fossa Window
Authors: Talas Derya Ümit , Güven Onurhan , Taghipour Pourya , Acar Funda , Beger Orhan , Işık Ecenur , Bal Kemal Koray , Yeşilova Mesut , Vayısoğlu Yusuf 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This cadaveric anatomical study aimed to explore precise morphometric measurements of the eustachian tube (ET) and adjacent structures in the middle cranial fossa, focusing on identifying reliable surgical landmarks when traditional markers are compromised due to tumors or trauma.

Methods
Twenty-two temporal bones from 11 adult cadavers (mean age: 75.70 ± 13.75 yr, range: 40–90 yr; sex: 5 females and 6 males) were dissected bilaterally. Surgical tools, including an operation microscope, endoscope, and digital caliper, were used for meticulous measurements. Parameters such as ET dimensions, distances between key points, and relevant angles were quantified, ensuring precise anatomical data.

Results
ET width at the foramen spinosum (FS) level, the midline level, and the eustachian orifice level were measured as 2.18 ± 0.68, 2.42 ± 0.70, and 2.30 ± 0.74 mm, respectively. The distances from the zygomatic root (ZR) to FS, ET, superior semicircular canal (SSC), and internal carotid artery (ICA) were 29.61 ± 2.56, 23.28 ± 2.61, 26.53 ± 2.56, and 32.61 ± 3.69 mm, respectively. The angles between SSC-ZR-ICA and FS-ZR-ICA were measured as 36.57 ± 10.32 and 13.63 ± 3.72 degrees, respectively. No statistical difference was found between right–left or male–female measurements (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The present study offers invaluable insights for neurotological surgeons performing middle fossa approaches. ET and ZR may serve as crucial reference points, enhancing surgical orientation and minimizing risks during complex procedures. These precise anatomical data may empower surgeons, ensuring safer and more confident middle cranial fossa operations, even in challenging clinical scenarios.