bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C2‐symmetry dimethylated zirconocenes activated with triisobutyl aluminum as effective homogeneous catalysts for copolymerization of olefins
Authors: Bravaya N. M. , Panin A. N. , Faingol'd E. E. , Babkina O. N. , Razavi A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe investigated the catalytic performance of both bridged unsubstituted [rac‐EtInd2ZrMe2, rac‐Me2SiInd2ZrMe2] and 2‐substituted [rac‐Et(2‐MeInd)2ZrMe2), rac‐Me2Si(2‐MeInd)2ZrMe2] dimethylbisindenylzirconocenes activated with triisobutyl aluminum (TIBA) as a single activator in (a) homopolymerizations of ethylene and propylene, (b) copolymerization of ethylene with propylene and hexene‐1, and (c) copolymerization of propylene with hexene‐1 (at AlTIBA/Zr = 100‐300 mol/mol). Unsubstituted catalysts were inactive in homopolymerizations of ethylene and propylene and copolymerization of propylene with hexene‐1 but exhibited high activity in copolymerizations of ethylene with propylene and hexene‐1. 2‐Substituted zirconocenes activated with TIBA were active in homopolymerizations of ethylene and propylene and exhibited high activity in copolymerization of ethylene with propylene and hexene‐1, and in copolymerization of propylene with hexene‐1. Comparative microstructural analysis of ethylene‐propylene copolymers prepared over rac‐Me2SiInd2ZrMe2 activated with TIBA or Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4 has shown that the copolymers formed upon activation with TIBA are statistical in nature with some tendency to alternation, whereas those with borate activated system show a tendency to formation of comonomer blocks. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2934–2941, 2010
Aluminum Burn Rate Modifiers Based on Reactive Nanocomposite Powders
Authors: Stamatis Demitrios , Jiang Xianjin , Beloni Ervin , Dreizin Edward L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAluminum powders have long been used as additives in propellants, pyrotechnics, and explosives. Aluminum has a high enthalpy of combustion but relatively low burn rate. Addition of reactive nanocomposite powders can increase the burn rate of aluminum and thus the overall reaction rate of the energetic formulation. Replacing only a small fraction of the fuel by a nanocomposite material can enhance the reaction rate with little change to the thermodynamic performance of the formulation. This research showed the feasibility of the above concept using nanocomposite powders prepared by arrested reactive milling (ARM), a scalable “top‐down” technique for manufacturing reactive nanomaterials. The nanocomposite materials used in this study were 2B+Ti, and Al‐rich thermites: 8Al+3CuO, and 8Al+MoO3. The reactive nanocomposite powders were added to micrometer‐sized aluminum powder and the mixture was aerosolized and burned in a constant volume chamber. The combustion atmosphere was varied using oxygen, nitrogen, and methane. The resulting pressure traces were recorded and processed to compare different types and amounts of modifiers. Additives of nanocomposite powders of 8Al+MoO3 and 2B+Ti to micrometer‐sized aluminum were found to be effective in increasing both the rate of pressure rise and maximum pressure in the respective constant volume explosion experiments. It was observed that 20 wt.‐% of additive resulted in the best combination of the achieved burn rate and pressure.
A transcriptional signature associated with the onset of benign prostate hyperplasia in a canine model
Authors: Gallardo‐Arrieta F. , Doll A. , Rigau M. , Mogas T. , Juanpere N. , García F. , Morote J. , Nuñez F. , Abal M. , Lloreta J. , Reventós J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents the most frequent proliferative abnormality of the human prostate. In spite of the well‐characterized architectural development of BPH, little is known about the cellular and molecular events that contribute to it.METHODSWe have developed an animal model to evaluate the follow‐up of hormone‐induced BPH and the analysis of the gene expression associated with BPH. Immunohistochemistry on human patient samples validated the BPH‐related molecular alterations.RESULTSCanine specific Affymetrix microarray analysis performed on sequential biopsies obtained from a beagle dog dynamic model characterized a number of genes altered during the onset of BPH. In addition to the genes involved in calcification, matrix remodeling, detoxification, cell movement, and mucosa protection (MGP, MMP2, TIMP2, ITIH3, GST, MT2A, SULT1A1, FKBP1B, MUC1, STRBP, TFF3), the up‐regulation of TGFB3 and CLU indicated a complete adjustment of the transdifferentiation, senescence and apoptosis programs. The up‐regulation of Clusterin was validated by RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry, both in the dog dynamic model and in human samples, further confirming the suitability of the animal model for the study of the molecular alterations associated with BPH.CONCLUSIONSTranscriptome analysis performed on a dynamic animal model that accurately mimicked the human clinic, allowed us to characterize a gene expression pattern associated with the onset of BPH. Prostate 70: 1402–1412, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vitamin D pathway gene variants and prostate cancer prognosis
Authors: Holt Sarah K. , Kwon Erika M. , Koopmeiners Joseph S. , Lin Daniel W. , Feng Ziding , Ostrander Elaine A. , Peters Ulrike , Stanford Janet L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDObservational studies linking vitamin D deficiency with increased prostate cancer (PCa) mortality and the pleiotropic anticancer effects of vitamin D in malignant prostate cell lines have initiated trials examining potential therapeutic benefits of vitamin D metabolites. There have been some successes but efforts have been hindered by risk of inducing hypercalcemia. A limited number of studies have investigated associations between variants in vitamin D pathway genes with aggressive forms of PCa. Increased understanding of relevant germline genetic variation with disease outcome could aid in the development of vitamin‐D‐based therapies.METHODSWe undertook a comprehensive analysis of 48 tagging single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in genes encoding for vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D activating enzyme 1‐α‐hydroxylase (CYP27B1), and deactivating enzyme 24‐hydroxylase (CYP24A1) in a cohort of 1,294 Caucasian cases with an average of 8 years of follow‐up. Disease recurrence/progression and PCa‐specific mortality risks were estimated using adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression.RESULTSThere were 139 cases with recurrence/progression events and 57 cases who died of PCa. Significantly altered risks of recurrence/progression were observed in relation to genotype for two VDR tagSNPs (rs6823 and rs2071358) and two CYP24A1 tagSNPs (rs927650 and rs2762939). Three VDR tagSNPs (rs3782905, rs7299460, and rs11168314), one CYP27B1 tagSNP (rs3782130), and five CYP24A1 tagSNPs (rs3787557, rs4809960, rs2296241, rs2585428, and rs6022999) significantly altered risks of PCa death.CONCLUSIONSGenetic variations in vitamin D pathway genes were found to alter both risk of recurrence/progression and PCa‐specific mortality. Prostate 70: 1448–1460, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glycemic control and prostate cancer progression: Results from the SEARCH database
Authors: Kim Howard S. , Presti Joseph C. , Aronson William J. , Terris Martha K. , Kane Christopher J. , Amling Christopher L. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPURPOSESeveral studies have examined the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and prostate cancer (PCa) risk and progression, however nearly all of these studies have compared diabetic versus non‐diabetic men. We sought to investigate the role of glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c, on PCa aggressiveness and prognosis in men with DM and PCa from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database.METHODSWe identified 247 men in SEARCH with DM and a recorded HbA1c value within the 12 months prior to radical prostatectomy between 1988 and 2009. We divided these men into tertiles by HbA1c level. The associations between HbA1c tertiles and risk of adverse pathology and biochemical recurrence were tested using multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively.RESULTSMedian HbA1c level was 6.9. On multivariate analysis, HbA1c tertiles were predictive of pathological Gleason score (P‐trend = 0.001). Relative to the first tertile, men in the second (OR 4.68, P = 0.003) and third tertile (OR 6.60, P < 0.001) were more likely to have Gleason score ≥4 + 3. HbA1c tertiles were not associated with margin status, node status, extracapsular extension or seminal vesicle invasion (all P‐trend > 0.2). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, increasing HbA1c tertiles were not significantly related to risk of biochemical recurrence (P‐trend = 0.56).CONCLUSIONMen with higher HbA1c levels presented with more biologically aggressive prostate tumors at radical prostatectomy. Although risk of recurrence was unrelated to HbA1c levels, further studies are needed to better explore the importance of glycemic control on long‐term outcomes in diabetic men with PCa. Prostate 70: 1540–1546, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of estrogen supplementation on cell proliferation and expression of c‐kit positive cells in the rat prostate
Authors: Kusljic Snezana , Exintaris Betty 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is associated with the proliferation of prostate tissue and an increase in smooth muscle tone. However, the way in which the hormonal environment affects cell proliferation and prostatic interstitial cells (PIC) responsible for the maintenance of the smooth muscle tone is not clear. The present study investigated the effect of estrogen supplementation on cell proliferation, androgen/estrogen ratio, and expression and/or distribution of PIC.METHODSMale Sprague–Dawley rats were anesthetized with isoflurane/oxygen breathing mixture and subcutaneously implanted with silastic capsules. These capsules were either empty or filled with a 10 or 20 mg of crystalline estrogen.RESULTSEstrogen exerted a potent effect on ventral prostate weight, which was manifested as a significant decrease between controls and the E10‐ and E20‐treated rats. Active cell proliferation detected as Ki67‐positive nuclei was observed in the stromal and epithelial cells of the ventral prostatic lobes from estrogen‐treated rats and controls. Estrogen supplementation caused a significant and dose‐dependent increase in prostatic estradiol and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentration but the ratios of either DHT/E2 or E2/DHT were not significantly affected. PIC were observed in the region between the fibromuscular stroma and the glandular epithelium in all three experimental groups. E20‐treated rats showed a higher expression of PIC than controls and E10‐treated rats.CONCLUSIONSThe present study provides novel information regarding the synergistic role of estrogens and androgens in the prostate: estrogen may prevent prostatic hyperplasia via mechanisms other than affecting cell proliferation or DHT/estrogen ratio. Prostate 70: 1555–1562, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selection of near‐native poses in CAPRI rounds 13‐19
Authors: Qin Sanbo , Zhou Huan‐Xiang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn CAPRI rounds 13–19, we submitted models that are of acceptable or higher quality for 6 of the total of 13 targets. This success builds on our record in previous CAPRI rounds. The docking problem can be divided into two steps. In the first, translational/rotational and conformational space is searched to generate a pool of docked poses; the success of this search step is measured by whether near‐native poses are included in the pool. In the second step, the pool is selected for near‐native poses. In our previous assessment of CAPRI results, we suggested that the search problem is largely solved; a remaining problem is to select near‐native poses. Our work in these new rounds of CAPRI was guided by this assessment. To solve the selection problem, we used an assortment of criteria on the interfaces of candidate poses. In one extreme, represented by T29, with very little known interface information, our criterion for top models was based on interface prediction. Poses in which the predicted interface residues occurred in interfaces were selected. Our model 1 for T29 was of medium quality. In the other extreme, represented by T40, with reliably known interface information, our selection was solely based on such information. Nine of the ten models submitted for T40 were of high (3 models), medium (4 models), and acceptable (2 models) quality. Our strategy of mixing predicted and known interface information appears to be widely applicable for the selection of near‐native poses. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimization of pyDock for the new CAPRI challenges: Docking of homology‐based models, domain–domain assembly and protein‐RNA binding
Authors: Pons Carles , Solernou Albert , Perez‐Cano Laura , Grosdidier Solène , Fernandez‐Recio Juan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe describe here our results in the last CAPRI edition. We have participated in all targets, both as predictors and as scorers, using our pyDock docking methodology. The new challenges (homology‐based modeling of the interacting subunits, domain–domain assembling, and protein‐RNA interactions) have pushed our computer tools to the limits and have encouraged us to devise new docking approaches. Overall, the results have been quite successful, in line with previous editions, especially considering the high difficulty of some of the targets. Our docking approaches succeeded in five targets as predictors or as scorers (T29, T34, T35, T41, and T42). Moreover, with the inclusion of available information on the residues expected to be involved in the interaction, our protocol would have also succeeded in two additional cases (T32 and T40). In the remaining targets (except T37), results were equally poor for most of the groups. We submitted the best model (in ligand RMSD) among scorers for the unbound‐bound target T29, the second best model among scorers for the protein‐RNA target T34, and the only correct model among predictors for the domain assembly target T35. In summary, our excellent results for the new proposed challenges in this CAPRI edition showed the limitations and applicability of our approaches and encouraged us to continue developing methodologies for automated biomolecular docking. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The targets of CAPRI Rounds 13–19
Authors: Janin Joël 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSeven rounds of CAPRI predictions with a total of 14 targets were held in the period June 2007–November 2009. In addition to protease/inhibitor complexes and complexes with G‐proteins, some of the targets displayed novel features presenting new challenges to the predictors: a complex with RNA, a leucine zipper to be built abinitio, and a human‐designed protein. Nine targets were unbound or required model building; the other five had a bound component. Thirteen were assessed, and the results show that the predictor and scorer groups submitted two‐ or three‐star (medium or high quality) models for eight of them, one‐star (acceptable) models for three but failed on the unbound RNA complex and another unbound target. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new reactive sputtering technique for the low temperature deposition of transparent light emitting ZnS:Mn thin films
Authors: Wakeham Steve , Thwaites Mike , Tsakonas Costas , Cranton Wayne , Ranson Robert , Boutaud Gabriel , Koutsogeorgis Demosthenes 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe temperature sensitive nature of the substrates used in the flexible displays market necessitates a low temperature deposition technique for processing them. ZnS:Mn exhibiting high intensity photoluminescence (PL) and good crystallinity has been deposited onto Si wafers, glass microscope slides and polymeric substrates using a new reactive sputtering technology referred to as HiTUS. This technique enables very high deposition rates and requires no substrate heating. When incorporated as part of a complete EL device, as‐deposited ZnS:Mn films are seen to exhibit stable electroluminescence on Si, glass and planarised PET substrate materials. Post annealing of the devices on Si and glass at temperatures of up to 600 °C show that the HiTUS films perform better than equivalent ZnS:Mn films deposited using RF magnetron sputtering.
An index of local sensitivity to non‐ignorability for multivariate longitudinal mixed data with potential non‐random dropout
Authors: Mahabadi S. Eftekhari , Ganjali M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMultivariate longitudinal data with mixed continuous and discrete responses with the possibility of non‐ignorable missingness are often common in follow‐up medical studies and their analysis needs to be developed. Standard methods of analysis based on the strong and the unverifiable assumption of missing at random (MAR) mechanism could be highly misleading. A way out of this problem is to start with methods that simultaneously allow modelling non‐ignorable mechanism, which includes somehow troubling computations that are often time consuming, then we can use a sensitivity analysis, in which one estimates models under a range of assumptions about non‐ignorability parameters to study the impact of these parameters on key inferences. A general index of sensitivity to non‐ignorability (ISNI) to measure sensitivity of key inferences in a neighborhood of MAR model without fitting a complicated not MAR (NMAR) model for univariate generalized linear models and for models used for univariate longitudinal normal and non‐Gaussian data with potentially NMAR dropout are well presented in the literature. In this paper we extend ISNI methodology to analyze multivariate longitudinal mixed data subject to non‐ignorable dropout in which the non‐ignorable dropout model could be dependent on the mixed responses. The approach is illustrated by analyzing a longitudinal data set in which the general substantive goal of the study is to better understand the relations between parental assessment of child's antisocial behavior and child's reading recognition skill. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some drop‐the‐loser designs for monitoring multiple doses
Authors: Joshua Chen Y. H. , DeMets David L. , Gordon Lan K. K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA scenario not uncommon at the end of a Phase II clinical development is that although choices are narrowed down to two to three doses, the project team cannot make a recommendation of one single dose for the Phase III confirmatory study based upon the available data. Several ‘drop‐the‐loser’ designs to monitor multiple doses of an experimental treatment compared with a control in a pivotal Phase III study are considered. Ineffective and/or toxic doses compared with the control may be dropped at the interim analyses as the study continues, and when the accumulated data have demonstrated convincing efficacy and an acceptable safety profile for one dose, the corresponding dose or the study may be stopped to make the experimental treatment available to patients. A decision to drop a toxic dose is usually based upon a comprehensive review of all the available safety data and also a risk/benefit assessment. For dropping ineffective doses, a non‐binding futility boundary may be used as guidance. The desired futility boundary can be derived by using an appropriate combination of risk level (i.e. error rate for accepting null hypothesis when the dose is truly efficacious) and spending strategy (dropping a dose aggressively in early analyses versus late). For establishing convincing evidence of the treatment efficacy, three methods for calculating the efficacy boundary are discussed: the Joint Monitoring (JM) approach, the Marginal Monitoring method with Bonferroni correction (MMB), and the Marginal Monitoring method with Adjustment for correlation (MMA). The JM approach requires intensive computation especially when there are several doses and multiple interim analyses. The marginal monitoring methods are computationally more attractive and also more flexible since each dose is monitored separately by its own alpha‐spending function. The JM and MMB methods control the false positive rate. The MMA method tends to protect the false positive rate and is more powerful than the Bonferroni‐based MMB method. The MMA method offers a practical and flexible solution when there are several doses and multiple interim looks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of limestone particle size on iron ore sinter properties and productivity
Authors: Umadevi T. , Bandopadhyay U.K. , Mahapatra P.C. , Prabhu M. , Ranjan Madhu 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIron ore fluxed sinter is the main ferrous burden of Jindal south west steel limited (JSWSL) blast furnaces. In sinter plant fluxes including limestone and dolomite are added to improve the sinter properties of iron ore and to provide an appropriate slag composition of the blast furnace. The raw material grain size affects the sinter process considerably because the sinter productivity and quality are strongly dependent on the green permeability of the bed, which is determined by the particle size distribution of the raw materials, the granulation effectiveness and by the sintering process itself. It is well‐known that in fluxed sinter, the size of limestone affects productivity and physical and metallurgical properties of the sinter. It is therefore necessary to understand the role of limestone particle size on sinter properties and productivity. In the present work laboratory sintering experiments have been carried out with different levels of limestone mean particle size (from 0.14 to 1.83mm) to understand the influence of limestone particle size on mineralogy, productivity, physical and metallurgical properties of the sinter. Sinter productivity increased with increasing limestone mean particle size due to improved sinter bed permeability. Sinter with limestone mean particle size of 1.25 to 1.52 mm yielded better sinter strength and lower RDI compared to sinter with smaller or larger limestone mean particle size. Higher sinter strength is due to better and uniform distribution of limestone particles, and better bed permeability enabled easy assimilation and effective distribution of calcium ferrite phases. The improvement in sinter RDI is due to change in mineralogy of the sinter compared to coarser and finer limestone mean particle size.
Decoded Calreticulin-Deficient Embryonic Stem Cell Transcriptome Resolves Latent Cardiophenotype
Authors: Faustino Randolph S. , Chiriac Anca , Niederlander Nicolas J. , Nelson Timothy J. , Behfar Atta , Mishra Prasanna K. , Macura Slobodan , Michalak Marek , Terzic Andre , Perez-Terzic Carmen 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Genomic perturbations that challenge normal signaling at the pluripotent stage may trigger unforeseen ontogenic aberrancies. Anticipatory systems biology identification of transcriptome landscapes that underlie latent phenotypes would offer molecular diagnosis before the onset of symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of calreticulin-deficient embryonic stem cell transcriptomes on molecular functions and physiological systems. Bioinformatic surveillance of calreticulin-null stem cells, a monogenic insult model, diagnosed a disruption in transcriptome dynamics, which re-prioritized essential cellular functions. Calreticulin-calibrated signaling axes were uncovered, and network-wide cartography of undifferentiated stem cell transcripts suggested cardiac manifestations. Calreticulin-deficient stem cell-derived cardiac cells verified disorganized sarcomerogenesis, mitochondrial paucity, and cytoarchitectural aberrations to validate calreticulin-dependent network forecasts. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology detected a ventricular septal defect, revealing organogenic manifestation of calreticulin deletion. Thus, bioinformatic deciphering of a primordial calreticulin-deficient transcriptome decoded at the pluripotent stem cell stage a reconfigured multifunctional molecular registry to anticipate predifferentiation susceptibility toward abnormal cardiophenotype.