bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing urban demand for wild animals in Vietnam: examining the potential of wildlife farming as a conservation tool
Authors: Drury Rebecca 
Published: October 2009

AbstractVietnam is an established thoroughfare for illegal trade in wildlife and growing urban prosperity is believed to be increasing domestic demand for wild animal products and for wild meat in particular. While the debate about the potential for wildlife farming to reduce incentives to hunt and trade continues, the findings of this study (based on data collected through semistructured interviews with the central Hanoi population) demonstrate that farming is not an effective tool in reducing demand for illegal wildlife products and may in fact stimulate greater demand for wild‐caught products. In this context, conservation policy should seek to prevent listed species being farmed for consumption as wild meat; to reduce consumer demand for wild meat through marketing campaigns developed by social marketing experts and based on an in‐depth understanding of the drivers of consumer demand garnered using appropriate social science research methods; and to continue strengthening regulation and enforcement actions preventing illegal trade in wild species.
Detection of corrupted schema mappings in XML data integration systems
Authors: Colazzo Dario , Sartiani Carlo 
Published: October 2009

In modern data integration scenarios, many remote data sources are located on the Web and are accessible only through forms or Web services, and no guarantee is given about their stability. In these contexts the detection of corrupted mappings, as a consequence of a change in the source or in the target schema, is a key problem. A corrupted mapping fails in matching the target or the source schema, hence it is not able to transform data conforming to a schema S into data conforming to a schema T, nor it can be used for effective query reformulation.
This article describes a novel technique for maintaining schema mappings in XML data integration systems, based on a notion of mapping correctness relying on the denotational semantics of mappings.
Progenitor Cells From the Explanted Heart Generate Immunocompatible Myocardium Within the Transplanted Donor Heart
Authors: D'Alessandro David A. , Kajstura Jan , Hosoda Toru , Gatti Alessandro , Bello Ricardo , Mosna Federico , Bardelli Silvana , Zheng Hanqiao , D'Amario Domenico , Padin-Iruegas M. Elena , Carvalho Adriana Bastos , Rota Marcello , Zembala Michael O. , Stern David , Rimoldi Ornella , Urbanek Konrad , Michler Robert E. , Leri Annarosa , Anversa Piero 
Published: October 2009

RETRACTION
This article has been retracted:

(
Circ Res
. 2018;123:e00. DOI: 10.1161/RES.0000000000000245.)
Lack of Association Between the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene—TaqIB Polymorphism and Coronary Restenosis Following Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and Stenting: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kaestner Sabine , Patsouras Nikolaos , Spathas Dionysios H. , Flordellis Christodoulos S. , Manolis Antonis S. 
Published: October 2009

Background: The most widely studied variation at the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene locus is a silent base change called the Thermobius aquaticus IB (TaqIB) polymorphism. TaqIB has been shown to affect levels/activity of CETP, plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and to contribute to the risk of developing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). Ongoing studies are investigating possible associations between CETP gene polymorphisms and the development of coronary restenosis following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stenting. Methods and Results: The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the frequency of TaqIB-polymorphism, and a possible association with post-PTCA coronary restenosis, in 204 Greek patients who had undergone PTCA and stenting. As a secondary objective, the analysis was extended to explore possible interacting or additive effects by various CHD risk factors, and a deletion in the α2B-adrenergic receptor gene. The frequency of TaqIB was 54%, similar to the frequency of the polymorphism in a group of 35 healthy controls. Conclusions: The results from this study do not indicate that the TaqIB variation at the CETP gene locus is a significant predictor for assessing the risk of developing coronary restenosis following PTCA and stenting. This result was not affected when considering any one of the additionally studied factors.
Oligonucleotide array discovery of polymorphisms in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) reveals patterns of SNP variation associated with breeding
Authors: Sim Sung-Chur , Robbins Matthew D , Chilcott Charles , Zhu Tong , Francis David M 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has narrow genetic diversity that makes it difficult to identify polymorphisms between elite germplasm. We explored array-based single feature polymorphism (SFP) discovery as a high-throughput approach for marker development in cultivated tomato.

Results
Three varieties, FL7600 (fresh-market), OH9242 (processing), and PI114490 (cherry) were used as a source of genomic DNA for hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays. Identification of SFPs was based on outlier detection using regression analysis of normalized hybridization data within a probe set for each gene. A subset of 189 putative SFPs was sequenced for validation. The rate of validation depended on the desired level of significance (α) used to define the confidence interval (CI), and ranged from 76% for polymorphisms identified at α ≤ 10-6 to 60% for those identified at α ≤ 10-2. Validation percentage reached a plateau between α ≤ 10-4 and α ≤ 10-7, but failure to identify known SFPs (Type II error) increased dramatically at α ≤ 10-6. Trough sequence validation, we identified 279 SNPs and 27 InDels in 111 loci. Sixty loci contained ≥ 2 SNPs per locus. We used a subset of validated SNPs for genetic diversity analysis of 92 tomato varieties and accessions. Pairwise estimation of θ (F st) suggested significant differentiation between collections of fresh-market, processing, vintage, Latin American (landrace), and S. pimpinellifolium accessions. The fresh-market and processing groups displayed high genetic diversity relative to vintage and landrace groups. Furthermore, the patterns of SNP variation indicated that domestication and early breeding practices have led to progressive genetic bottlenecks while modern breeding practices have reintroduced genetic variation into the crop from wild species. Finally, we examined the ratio of non-synonymous (Ka) to synonymous substitutions (Ks) for 20 loci with multiple SNPs (≥ 4 per locus). Six of 20 loci showed ratios of Ka/Ks ≥ 0.9.

Conclusion
Array-based SFP discovery was an efficient method to identify a large number of molecular markers for genetics and breeding in elite tomato germplasm. Patterns of sequence variation across five major tomato groups provided insight into to the effect of human selection on genetic variation.
Community health needs assessment with precede-proceed model: a mixed methods study
Authors: Li Ying , Cao Jia , Lin Hui , Li Daikun , Wang Yang , He Jia 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Community health services in China have developed over the last few decades. In order to use limited health resources more effectively, we conducted a community health needs assessment. This aimed to provide an understanding of the community's health problems and the range of potential factors affecting risk behaviours for the priority health problems.

Methods
We used the precede-proceed model for the needs assessment. Triangulation of data, methods and researchers were employed in data collection.

Results
Main findings include: cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were identified as the priority health problems in the study communities; risk factors associated with CVDs included smoking, physical inactivity and unhealthy eating behaviours, particularly amongst male residents with low education level; factors negatively affecting behaviours were classified into predisposing factors (limited knowledge, beliefs and lack of perceived needs), enabling factors (limited access to health promotion activities, unawareness of health promotion, lack of work-site and school health promotion, absence of health promotion related policy) and reinforcing factors (culture). Policies and organization were not perfect; there were limited staff skilled in providing health promotion in the community.

Conclusion
CVDs were identified by the communities as priority health problems. Future health programs should focus on smoking, physical inactivity and unhealthy eating behaviours. Behaviour change strategies should take predisposing factors, enabling factors and reinforcing factors into consideration. Policies, organization and human resource need strengthening.
Do neurooncological patients and their significant others agree on quality of life ratings?
Authors: Giesinger Johannes M , Golser Miriam , Erharter Astrid , Kemmler Georg , Schauer-Maurer Gabriele , Stockhammer Guenter , Muigg Armin , Hutterer Markus , Rumpold Gerhard , Holzner Bernhard 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Patients suffering from brain tumours often experience a wide range of cognitive impairments that impair their ability to report on their quality of life and symptom burden. The use of proxy ratings by significant others may be a promising alternative to gain information for medical decision making or research purposes, if self-ratings are not obtainable. Our study investigated the agreement of quality of life and symptom ratings by the patient him/herself or by a significant other.

Methods
Patients with primary brain tumours were recruited at the neurooncological outpatient unit of Innsbruck Medical University. Quality of life self- and proxy-ratings were collected using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and its brain cancer module, the QLQ-BN20.

Results
Between May 2005 and August 2007, 42 pairs consisting of a patient and his/her significant other were included in the study. Most of the employed quality of life scales showed fairly good agreement between patient- and proxy-ratings (median correlation 0.46). This was especially true for Physical Functioning, Sleeping Disturbances, Appetite Loss, Constipation, Taste Alterations, Visual Disorders, Motor Dysfunction, Communication Deficits, Hair Loss, Itchy Skin, Motor Dysfunction and Hair Loss. Worse rater agreement was found for Social Functioning, Emotional Functioning, Cognitive Functioning, Fatigue, Pain, Dyspnoea and Seizures.

Conclusion
The assessment of quality of life in brain cancer patients through ratings from their significant others seems to be a feasible strategy to gain information about certain aspects of patient's quality of life and symptom burden, if the patient is not able to provide information himself.
The evaluation of exposure risks for natural transmission of scrapie within an infected flock
Authors: Dexter Glenda , Tongue Sue C , Heasman Lindsay , Bellworthy Susan J , Davis Andrew , Moore S Jo , Simmons Marion M , Sayers A Robin , Simmons Hugh A , Matthews Danny 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Although the epidemiology of scrapie has been broadly understood for many years, attempts to introduce voluntary or compulsory controls to eradicate the disease have frequently failed. Lack of precision in defining the risk factors on farm has been one of the challenges to designing control strategies. This study attempted to define which parts of the annual flock management cycle represented the greatest risk of infection to naive lambs exposed to the farm environment at different times.

Results
In VRQ/VRQ lambs exposed to infected sheep at pasture or during lambing, and exposed to the buildings in which lambing took place, the attack rate was high and survival times were short. Where exposure was to pasture alone the number of sheep affected in each experimental group was reduced, and survival times were longer and related to length of exposure.

Conclusion
At the flock level, eradication and control strategies for scrapie must take into account the need to decontaminate buildings used for lambing, and to reduce (or prevent) the exposure of lambs to infected sheep, especially in the later stages of incubation, and at lambing. The potential for environmental contamination from pasture should also be considered. Genotype selection may still prove to be the only viable tool to prevent infection from contaminated pasture, reduce environmental contamination and limit direct transmission from sheep to sheep.
Differential protection by wildtype vs. organelle-specific Bcl-2 suggests a combined requirement of both the ER and mitochondria in ceramide-mediated caspase-independent programmed cell death
Authors: Deerberg Andrea , Sosna Justyna , Thon Lutz , Belka Claus , Adam Dieter 
Published: October 2009

Abstract

Background
Programmed cell death (PCD) is essential for development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms and can occur by caspase-dependent apoptosis or alternatively, by caspase-independent PCD (ciPCD). Bcl-2, a central regulator of apoptosis, localizes to both mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Whereas a function of mitochondrial and ER-specific Bcl-2 in apoptosis has been established in multiple studies, corresponding data for ciPCD do not exist.

Methods
We utilized Bcl-2 constructs specifically localizing to mitochondria (Bcl-2 ActA), the ER (Bcl-2 cb5), both (Bcl-2 WT) or the cytosol/nucleus (Bcl-2 ΔTM) and determined their protective effect on ceramide-mediated ciPCD in transiently and stably transfected Jurkat cells. Expression of the constructs was verified by immunoblots. Ceramide-mediated ciPCD was induced by treatment with human recombinant tumor necrosis factor and determined by flow cytometric measurement of propidium iodide uptake as well as by optical analysis of cell morphology.

Results
Only wildtype Bcl-2 had the ability to efficiently protect from ceramide-mediated ciPCD, whereas expression of Bcl-2 solely at mitochondria, the ER, or the cytosol/nucleus did not prevent ceramide-mediated ciPCD.

Conclusion
Our data suggest a combined requirement for both mitochondria and the ER in the induction and the signaling pathways of ciPCD mediated by ceramide.
NeMeSys: a biological resource for narrowing the gap between sequence and function in the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Rusniok Christophe , Vallenet David , Floquet Stéphanie , Ewles Helen , Mouzé-Soulama Coralie , Brown Daniel , Lajus Aurélie , Buchrieser Carmen , Médigue Claudine , Glaser Philippe , Pelicic Vladimir 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Background
Genome sequences, now available for most pathogens, hold promise for the rational design of new therapies. However, biological resources for genome-scale identification of gene function (notably genes involved in pathogenesis) and/or genes essential for cell viability, which are necessary to achieve this goal, are often sorely lacking. This holds true for Neisseria meningitidis, one of the most feared human bacterial pathogens that causes meningitis and septicemia.

Results
By determining and manually annotating the complete genome sequence of a serogroup C clinical isolate of N. meningitidis (strain 8013) and assembling a library of defined mutants in up to 60% of its non-essential genes, we have created NeMeSys, a biological resource for Neisseria meningitidis systematic functional analysis. To further enhance the versatility of this toolbox, we have manually (re)annotated eight publicly available Neisseria genome sequences and stored all these data in a publicly accessible online database. The potential of NeMeSys for narrowing the gap between sequence and function is illustrated in several ways, notably by performing a functional genomics analysis of the biogenesis of type IV pili, one of the most widespread virulence factors in bacteria, and by identifying through comparative genomics a complete biochemical pathway (for sulfur metabolism) that may potentially be important for nasopharyngeal colonization.

Conclusions
By improving our capacity to understand gene function in an important human pathogen, NeMeSys is expected to contribute to the ongoing efforts aimed at understanding a prokaryotic cell comprehensively and eventually to the design of new therapies.
Circular Dichroism and Absorption Spectroscopy for Three-Membered Ring Compounds Using Symmetry-Adapted Cluster-Configuration Interaction (SAC-CI) Method
Authors: Miyahara Tomoo , Hasegawa Jun-ya , Nakatsuji Hiroshi 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The singlet excited states of oxirane and thiirane derivatives, ethylene oxide, (R)-methyloxirane, (2S,3S)-dimethyloxirane, ethylene sulfide, (R)-methylthiirane, and (2S,3S)-dimethylthiirane, were calculated employing the symmetry-adapted cluster (SAC)/SAC-configuration interaction (CI) method. The rotatory strengths of the CD spectra were calculated in the velocity form, which is gauge-origin independent. Both the ultraviolet (UV) spectra and the circular dichroism (CD) spectra obtained with the SAC-CI method were in good agreement with the experimental spectra. In oxirane derivatives, the low-lying excited states were composed of excitations from n and σ orbitals to s, p, and d Rydberg orbitals. The excitation from the σ orbital was especially important in (2S,3S)-dimethyloxirane because of the steric effect of the methyl substitutions. However, in thiirane derivatives, the excitations to the low-lying excited states were only from the n orbital.
Stability Constants of Metal(II) Complexes with Amines and Aminocarboxylates with Special Reference to Chelation
Authors: Tanaka Motoharu , Tabata Masaaki 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Equations derived on the basis of mechanistic considerations have been utilized to calculate the stability constants of binary and ternary copper(II) complexes of amine(s) or aminocarboxylates. Calculated values of 185 copper(II) amine complexes have been compared with the observed. For 89 complexes including ammonia, ethylenediamine, cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, imidazole, pyridine, and some substituted analogs, the calculated values agree with the observed within 0.3 log unit. These complexes may be regarded as regular. Among the remaining non-regular complexes we find some complexes with lower stability constants due to steric hindrance, and some others with higher constants resulting from aromatic π–π interactions and/or hydrophobic interactions between coordinated ligands. Mechanistic considerations have also been successfully utilized to predict stability constants of polyamine and aminocarboxylate chelates of nickel(II), cobalt(II), and copper(II) according to Adamson’s approach.
Platinum Nanoparticle Catalyst Scavenges Hydrogen Peroxide Generated from Hydroquinone
Authors: Hirakawa Kazutaka , Sano Shoichiro 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Platinum, palladium, gold, rhodium, and silver monometallic nanoparticles protected by poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone), a water-soluble polymer, were prepared using an alcohol reduction method. Platinum/silver bimetallic nanoparticles were prepared by self-organization from the platinum and silver monometallic nanoparticles. Platinum nanoparticles showed the highest catalytic activity for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the monometallic nanoparticles used in this study. Platinum, silver, and platinum/silver nanoparticles effectively catalyzed the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide generated from the autooxidation of hydroquinone, a derivative of carcinogenic benzene. The autooxidation of hydroquinone itself was hardly inhibited by platinum nanoparticles. The platinum nanoparticles in particular showed the highest catalytic activity per unit atom. The activity of a 2 µg platinum nanoparticle was comparable to that of 20 units of catalase. The modification of platinum nanoparticles with silver rather suppressed the activity of hydrogen peroxide decomposition. These results suggest that Pt nanoparticles can be used as antioxidants against oxidative chemical compounds.
Increases of Cardiac Troponin in Conditions other than Acute Coronary Syndrome and Heart Failure
Authors: Kelley Walter E , Januzzi James L , Christenson Robert H 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground: Although cardiac troponin (cTn) is a cornerstone marker in the assessment and management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and heart failure (HF), cTn is not diagnostically specific for any single myocardial disease process. This narrative review discusses increases in cTn that result from acute and chronic diseases, iatrogenic causes, and myocardial injury other than ACS and HF.Content: Increased cTn concentrations have been reported in cardiac, vascular, and respiratory disease and in association with infectious processes. In cases involving acute aortic dissection, cerebrovascular accident, treatment in an intensive care unit, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, increased cTn predicts a longer time to diagnosis and treatment, increased length of hospital stay, and increased mortality. cTn increases are diagnostically and prognostically useful in patients with cardiac inflammatory diseases and in patients with respiratory disease; in respiratory disease cTn can help identify patients who would benefit from aggressive management. In chronic renal failure patients the diagnostic sensitivity of cTn for ACS is decreased, but cTn is prognostic for the development of cardiovascular disease. cTn also provides useful information when increases are attributable to various iatrogenic causes and blunt chest trauma.Summary: Information on the diagnostic and prognostic uses of cTn in conditions other than ACS and heart failure is accumulating. Although increased cTn in settings other than ACS or heart failure is frequently considered a clinical confounder, the astute physician must be able to interpret cTn as a dynamic marker of myocardial damage, using clinical acumen to determine the source and significance of any reported cTn increase.
Harnessing the Energy: Development of Radioimmunotherapy for Patients with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Gregory Stephanie A. , Hohloch Karin , Gisselbrecht Christian , Tobinai Kensei , Dreyling Martin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractRadioimmunotherapy (RIT) combines the use of targeted monoclonal antibodies with radionuclides for the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), taking advantage of its inherent radiosensitivity. A number of trials have shown significantly higher response rates and longer progression-free survival times in patients treated with the CD20-targeted radioimmunoconjugate yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan compared with the standard of care. Furthermore, these benefits have also been shown in heavily pretreated patients who relapsed or were resistant to rituximab. Currently, a number of different treatment regimens and strategies are available for the treatment of NHL patients. Therefore, in an attempt to minimize toxicity, maximize efficacy, and improve survival, it is crucial to appropriately select patients who are good candidates for individual treatment approaches. A strategy for patient selection has been developed, including the use of existing patient assessment tools, such as the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index, to determine the optimal regimen for patients with follicular lymphoma according to their disease characteristics and physical condition. Patients who are fit make ideal candidates for potentially curative regimens, which include induction chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy followed by RIT consolidation and, potentially, maintenance therapy. Patients who are considered “compromised” would also benefit from induction treatment and RIT consolidation, with a view to reducing the lymphoma burden and decreasing the risk for disease progression. “Frail” patients would be better suited to supportive therapy to control symptoms. This paper explores factors that should be considered when assessing whether a patient is a good candidate for treatment with RIT, and aids physicians in the selection of the most appropriate therapy for each patient group.