bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Excessive Smartphone usage, Basic Psychological Needs, and Mental Health of University Students
Authors: Putchavayala Krishna Chaitanya , Sasidharan K. Rajesh , Krishna Dwivedi , Deepeshwar Singh 
Published: May 2024

Objectives:
The primary aim of the current study was to examine the unique contribution of psychological need frustration and need satisfaction in the prediction of excessive usage of smartphones and its relation to psychological distress and mindfulness.

Methods:
We conducted a correlational study using the smartphone addiction scale – shorter version, basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration scale, psychological distress, and mindfulness among 423 graduate and postgraduate engineering students from Bengaluru, South India.

Results:
The results showed that excessive usage of smartphones is positively correlated with the time spent on the phone r = 0.19, P ≤ 0.05; and basic psychological needs frustration r = 0.18, P ≤ 0.05; and negatively correlated with basic psychological needs satisfaction r = −0.19, P ≤ 0.05 and mindfulness r = −0.39, P ≤ 0.001. However, among the optimal users of the smartphone group, time spent is positively correlated with satisfaction at r = 0.13, P ≤ 0.05, and further, basic psychological needs satisfaction is negatively correlated with frustration at r = 0.30, P ≤ 0.001 and also found a positive correlation between mindfulness and basic psychological needs satisfaction at r = 0.31, P ≤ 0.001.

Conclusion:
The results suggest that excessive usage of smartphones is associated with frustration, psychological distress, and time spent on the mobile. However, there is a positive trend in the time spent on the phone among the optimal users of smartphones suggests that smartphones are used as a coping mechanism to gain momentary satisfaction.
Psychosocial Health and Stigma among Health-care Workers Involved in COVID19 Management during the First Wave of the Pandemic in Mumbai: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Prusty Ranjan Kumar , Kulkarni Ragini , Gawai Priyanka , Velhal Gajanan , Sadawarte Deepika , Kharnare Swapnil , Thomas Beena E , Menon Geetha , Aggarwal Sumit , Chakma Tapas 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The unprecedented onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a huge impact on health-care facilities, leading to different psychosocial challenges among health-care workers (HCWs) during this pandemic.

Aim:
This study aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the work, family, and personal life of HCWs engaged in COVID-19 duties during the first wave in India and gain insights on the coping strategies.

Materials and Methods:
The findings from 12 qualitative in-depth interviews were analyzed and presented in this article. This study is a part of a mix-method design study conducted at two hospitals and one community site in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The present qualitative sample was drawn conveniently from the randomly selected quantitative sample chosen from the three sites.

Results:
This study highlights that in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs experienced transition in work life, burnout, disruption in family life, negative emotions such as fear, and experiences of stigma. The findings also reveal that while institutional workers faced discrimination and stigma outside their workplace, noninstitutional workers faced discrimination at multiple sites during traveling and at in their residential places and additionally faced harassment while working in the community. The findings also suggest that despite numerous challenges faced by HCWs, they were driven by a sense of responsibility and displayed resilience.

Conclusion:
Considering the HCWs as the backbone of the health-care system, it is crucial to boost and maintain the mental well-being of HCWs by providing timely and tailored interventions to sustain their resilience and build better responses to future pandemic.
Pattern and Severity of Substance Use in Help-Seeking Adolescents of North-East Part of India
Authors: Rabha Anju Moni , Deka Kamala 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Adolescence is a transitional phase between childhood and adulthood, in which both physical and psychological aspects are involved in the process of growth and development. Drug dependence among adolescents is rising everywhere in the world. According to studies, adolescents who live in slums in India have a 46% of tobacco use rate.

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate the pattern and severity of substance use in help-seeking adolescents.

Materials and Methods:
On the Teen Addiction Severity Index Scale (T-ASI), 43 adolescents seeking help were interviewed to assess the severity of substance use.

Results:
The mean age of adolescents interviewed was 17 years. Male preponderance was noted 95.3%. The majority of the adolescents were students 76.7%, belonged to a nuclear family setup. The adolescents reported the mean age for starting substances to be 13 years. About 42% of adolescents reported the use of multiple substances during the interview. On the T-ASI scale, adolescents reported difficulty in different domains such as chemical use 6 (1.8), school status 6 (1.8), employment 3.72 (3.7), family support 12.46 (3.63), peer relations 2.9 (1.2), legal problems 0.28 (1.26), and psychiatric problem 6.44 (1.42) due to substance use.

Conclusion:
The present study suggests marked substance use severity in adolescents in help-seeking group. Higher severity of substance use in adolescents is associated with impairment in different domains of adolescent’s lives.
Cyberbullying: A Narrative Review
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Raju V. Venkatesh 
Published: May 2024

Background:
With the rapidly expanding digital world over the past decade and more to the current context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, where online activities have replaced most of the offline activities, it is important to understand bullying, which has crossed from its traditional domain of offline to online and is understood as cyberbullying.

Aim:
This review aims to assess the concept, types of cyberbullying, prevalence, risk and protective factors, conceptual models explaining cyberbullying, psychological impact, and preventive strategies for cyberbullying.

Methodology:
Internet sources (PubMed and Google Scholar) were searched for the available literature, and a narrative review was synthesized. Different types of cyberbullying are defined in the literature. The prevalence rates vary depending on the time frame of assessment being considered. The mean prevalence of victimization is 10%–40%, and the prevalence of perpetration is 3%–20%.

Results:
Different risk and protective factors have been identified for being a victim of cyberbullying and becoming a cyberbully. Cyberbullying can have a significant negative psychological impact on the victims. Prevention of cyberbullying involves guidance for parents, advice for schools, and guidance for the health-care providers. Cyberbullying is becoming a major issue for many teenagers, resulting in unforeseen deviances and negative effects in their lives.

Conclusions:
Efforts should be taken to successfully avoid and respond to it, as well as to provide kids with tools to lessen their own risk of victimization.
Psychiatric Morbidity and its Impact on Quality of Life in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Singla Himanshu , Avasthi Ajit , Gupta Krishan Lal , Grover Sandeep 
Published: May 2024

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and suicidal behavior by using a structured diagnostic interview in patients of chronic kidney disease currently on dialysis. An additional aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of psychiatric morbidity on quality of life (QOL).

Methodology:
One hundred and ten patients undergoing hemodialysis were evaluated, at least 24 h after the last dialysis on Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview PLUS (MINI PLUS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), and Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition.

Results:
On MINI-PLUS, about two-thirds (67.3%) of the study sample fulfilled at least one-lifetime psychiatric diagnosis and half of the study participants fulfilled a current psychiatric diagnosis. More than one-fourth (29.1%) of the study participants had more than one psychiatric diagnosis. Among various psychiatric disorders, depressive disorders were the most common (45.5%). About one-third of the participants had suicidality, as assessed on MINI-PLUS and C-SSRS. Compared to those without psychiatric morbidity, those with psychiatric morbidity had a poor QOL.

Conclusions:
In view of the high psychiatric morbidity and its negative impact on the QOL of patients undergoing hemodialysis, there is a need for close liaison between nephrologists, transplant surgeons and mental health professionals.
A Study to Assess the Level of Burnout and Its Determinants among Medical Practitioners Working in a Tertiary Care Center in South India
Authors: Krishna G. Ananda , Chittooru Chandra Sekhar , Chittem Sravana Deepthi , Darivemula Surendra Babu , Bheemisetty Niharika 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Burnout is defined as a feeling of hopelessness and inability in carrying out one's job effectively. Burnout in the life of medical practitioners is a term used to describe a psychological state, which appears after a long period of exposure to psychosocial risk factors such as high patient load, long working hours, and unreasonable demands from patients. The objective was to study the prevalence of burnout among medical practitioners and factors associated with burnout.

Methodology:
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among medical practitioners of tertiary care hospital with a sample of 102. The study was conducted using the Maslach Burnout Inventory with additional questions on demographic factors, work experience, hours of work, and specialty. Data were entered in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed with IBM SPSS statistics 21 version.

Results:
Out of 102 subjects, 26 (25.5%) members were suffering from burnout in any one of the three dimensions. In the emotional exhaustion, 15 (14.7%) were experiencing high scores, 14 (13.7%) members, and 73 (71.6%) members were experiencing moderate and low scores, respectively. However, in the depersonalization dimension, just 1 (1%) member was experiencing high score, whereas 11 (10.8%) members and 90 (88.2%) members were experiencing moderate and low scores, respectively. In the personal accomplishment dimension, 16 (15.7%) members were experiencing high scores, whereas 13 (12.7%) members and 73 (71.6%) members were experiencing moderate and low scores, respectively.

Conclusions:
Burnout exists among medical practitioners, and measures should be taken to identify causes and take remedial actions.
Evaluation of Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Concentration in a Sample of Endodontic Patients in Hillah City, Iraq
Authors: Kadhum Nora Hassan , Al-Khafaji Thulficar Ghali , Hassan Hanan Selman 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Endodontic illness, one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in the world, is brought on by an infected and inflamed dental pulp, which results in bone destruction around the tooth root, excruciating pain, and tooth loss.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine levels of pro-inflammatory (interleukin-1β [IL-1β] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay in the saliva of patients with endodontic infection against the gender and age groups.

Materials and Methods:
From November 2021 to March 2022, 60 patients (n = 60) were referred to specialized dentistry centers and private clinics in Hillah City, Iraq, with 32 (53.33%) females and 28 (46.67%) males, and 20 (n = 20) healthy adults serving as study controls, all of whom were between the ages of 20 and 50.

Results:
There were no major differences between girls and males in both groups, according to the findings of this study. In comparison to the control group, however, patients showed higher significant differences in measuring (IL-1β) and (TNF-α) concentrations (180.8), (119.44) (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the amounts of IL-1β and TNF-α in female saliva were substantially greater than in male saliva.

Conclusion:
Pro-inflammatory IL-1β and TNF-α were shown to be higher in patients with primary endodontic disease than in normal subjects.
Sociodemographic characteristics and fate of hospitalized burned patients in Al-Hilla city
Authors: Hasan Hiba Khaleel , Al-Humairi Ameer Kadhim 
Published: May 2024

Background:
A burn is defined as a damage to the tissues due to high temperatures or heat, cold, electrical, chemical, friction, or irradiation. In developing countries such as Iraq, burn injuries are widespread, particularly in low-income and rural regions. Burns are considered the fourth most prevalent type of injuries worldwide.

Objectives:
The aim of this study is to assess the sociodemographic characteristics of hospitalized burned patients, as well as patients’ fate and related risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study. The data were collected by interviewing patients who admitted in the burns ward center of Al-Imam Al-Sadiq Teaching Hospital or their companions, for a 3-month period from February 1, 2022 to May 1, 2022. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 27.

Results:
We collected data from 73 burned patients, which showed that most of them were males 53.4%, the mean age ± standard deviation was 18.76 ± 16.81 years, 65.8% living in rural areas, most patients had scald burn 43.9%, with second degree of burns and total body surface area (TBSA) <50%. About the outcome, 38.3% died. We found a significant (P-value >0.05) association between the fate of burned patients and the age, gender, place of burn, degree of burns, TBSA involved, and the presence of inhalational injury.

Conclusion:
The majority of the burned patients were male children, with scald burns, second-degree burns, and TBSA more than 50%. The mean age was 18.67 ± 16.81 years. The mortality rate was 38.3% and increased with age, female gender, flame burn, TBSA more than 50%, and with inhalation injuries.
Assessment the risk factors of congenital heart disease among children below 5 years age in Babylon province
Authors: Mohammed Noor Ibraheem , Al-ghanimi Khudhair Shukur 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) account for 25% of all congenital malformations. CHDs are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Prevention of CHDs can be achieved by preventing exposure to modifiable risk factors that affect the cardiac development during pregnancy.

Objectives:
To assess the sociodemographic and medical risk factors of congenital heart diseases among children below five years in Babylon city, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective case control study conducted from 1st of February to 1st of May, 2022, at Shaheed Al-Mehrab center, Babylon Maternity/Pediatric Hospital and Al-Imam Al-Sadik General Teaching Hospital, consisted of 100 participants classified to 50 CHDs cases and 50 controls by Echocardiogram, the mother/caregiver of each child was interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire.

Results:
The age of the participants ranged from one day to 4.5 years, with a mean age (10.4 ± 13.2) months. (52%) of CHDs cases were females, (68%) of them were below one year age and (54%) of them reside in urban area, 28% of CHDs was VSD and 42% of the cases present with chest infection. BMI percentile was significantly lower in cases of CHDs (P = 0.008) and there was a significant relationship between CHDs and family history of CHDs (P = 0.013).

Conclusion:
Majority of the cases were females, below one year age and reside in urban area, presented with VSD and chest infection. BMI percentile was lower in cases of CHDs and there was a significant relationship between CHDs and family history of CHDs.
Clinical Characteristics and Spectrum of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases Diagnosed in Pediatric Age Group
Authors: Azeez Dana Majeed , Habeeb Mudhafar Abdurrahman 
Published: May 2024

Background:
It is necessary as early as possible to diagnose and treat cyanotic congenital heart defects (CCHDs) because survival of them is highly related to the time of diagnosis. But not all serious congenital heart diseases (CHDs) clinically appear with cyanosis during the first few days of life. There are several types of CCHD, some of them are more common like tetralogy of fallot (TOF), transposition of great arteries (TGA), and tricuspid atresia.

Aim:
This study was conducted to determine various types of cyanotic CHDs and clinical presentations of cyanotic CHDs and different procedures were done for them in children at Erbil.

Materials and Methods:
This was prospective, cross-sectional study, carried out in Pediatric Cardiac Department of Hawler Surgical Specialty Hospital-Cardiac Centre. All patients aged 0-18 years were included in the study.

Results:
During the study period, 124 cases were diagnosed with cyanotic CHDs. The common CHD type was TOF (46.8%), followed by D-TGA (12.1%), DORV (10.5%), tricuspid atresia (9.7%), and single ventricle (8.9%). Interventional management was done in 44.4% of studied children with CCHDs, total surgical repair was main procedure (14.5%). The common symptoms of cyanotic CHDs were commonly murmur (90.3%), shortness of breath (85.5%), cyanosis (76.6%), and fatigue (76.5%).

Conclusion:
TOF was the most common CCHD noted in our study. Ebstein anomaly, truncus arteriosus, and PPH were the least prevalence CCHD. Heart murmur was the most common presenting sign while shortness of breath and central cyanosis were the most common presenting symptoms.
Histological Changes in Liver and Cardiac Rat Tissues after Exposure to Chitosan Nanoparticles Orally
Authors: Ali Liqaa Oday , Khalfa Hydar M. , Al Sahlanee Rasha , Almsaid Hayder L. F. 
Published: May 2024

Background:
As safe natural biopolymer, chitosan is resulting from chitin deacetylation. Owing to its antimicrobial and antifungal effects, chitosan and/or its biological derivatives have gained extensive interest. The antibacterial activity of chitosan exhibits only in a low pH medium since its solubility above pH 6 is poor. Several factors affect chitosan antibacterial action such as chitosan type, polymerization degree, and certain other chemicophysical features.

Objectives:
The current study was intended to inspect the chitosan injury on hepatic and myocardial cells in rats in different concentrations.

Materials and Methods:
Chitosan was purchased and prepared at various concentrations. Laboratory Wistar albino rats were orally fed with different concentrations of chitosan. Histological examination of rat liver and cardiac tissues was performed accordingly.

Results:
A noticeable increase in animal weight is seen as the concentration of chitosan increases. Normal histological appearance with slight hemorrhaging and abnormal histological appearance with more abundant hemorrhaging and cellular vacuolation were present in liver tissues. Profound histological damage with more abundant hemorrhaging and lymphocytic infiltration along with sinusoid enlargement in the liver as well as districted nuclei was also present. Cardiac tissues were less affected by changes in chitosan concentration. Liver histological changes are attributed to the metabolic breakdown of chitosan in the liver. A noticeable decrease in vascular thickness is seen in both cardiac and liver vascular networks.

Conclusion:
The study found that chitosan has robust cytotoxic influences on certain organs. However histological damage is more prominent and is seen in rat liver tissues. Histological damage is confirmed by the abnormality of histological and cellular damage seen.
Study the association of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and (rs35445101) HLA-DRB1gene polymorphism with the immune susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Alfatlawi Wael Rasheed Obaead , Al-Saadi Mohammed A K , Ali Akbar Adil Hasan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory immune disease that primarily affects the joints and has its root cause in immune system malfunction. It is unclear what causes RA, but research points to a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, and microbial infections.

Objectives:
This study aimed to illustrate the relationship between RA and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Materials and Methods:
The work was performed on 50 RA subjects of various ages, ranging from 25 to 75 years of age, who were treated at the rheumatology clinic in the city of Medical Marjan between February 2022 and October 2022. Blood samples were used for DNA extraction. VEGF-A.HLA-DRB1 and mycoplasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
The results show a significant increase in the serum concentration level of VEGF-A in RA patients infected with M. pneumoniae as compared to healthy individuals, but the results of RA patients with M. pneumoniae infections and RA patients without M. pneumoniae infections were nonsignificant (P > 0.05). The results showed a significant increase in the serum concentration level of HLA-DRB1 in the RA patients infected with M. pneumoniae as compared to the RA patients noninfected with M. pneumoniae and healthy individuals.

Conclusions:
In HLA-DRB1, the SNP rs35445101 shows that A allele behavior as recessive pathogenic allele in which the individual that carries AA genotype has a susceptibility to the disease 9.75 fold compared to an individual that carries GG and AG genotype (odds ratio 9.75 confidence interval 95% 1.19–79.78).
Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Diabetic Patients
Authors: Baiee Hasan Alwan , Makai Mustafa Bahaa 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Diabetes-related hypertension increases mortality risk by 7.2 times in the underdeveloped countries such as Iraq, with a greater risk of death. In developing countries, patients’ adherence to chronic illness treatments such as hypertension and diabetes is low. Nonadherence is linked to higher rates of hospitalization and poor health outcomes.

Objectives:
The aim of this study to determine the prevalence of medication adherence among the hypertensive diabetic patients and to identify factors that associated with poor or nonadherence to medications.

Materials and Methods:
This is a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study. The study included a sample of 385 hypertensive diabetic patients of both gender, their ages above 18 years. The study was carried out from February 2022 to the end of May 2022 at the consultation clinics at Imam Al-Sadiq and Marjan Teaching Hospitals, Babylon, Iraq. Following verbal consent, the participants were interviewed using a prepared structured validated and reliable questionnaire will be use that includes demographic characteristics using the Morisky 8 Item Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to assess medication adherence.

Results:
This study showed that more than half of the patients (51.2%) had low adherence, whereas 22.9% had medium adherence. Those with high adherence constituted 26.0%. There were statistically significant associations between good adherence and high level of education, younger age, and nonsmoking. Patients with good adherence to medications have better blood pressure and blood sugar control.

Conclusion:
The level of medication adherence among diabetic hypertensive patients in Babylon province is low.