bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Ischemia in a Lamb Preclinical Left Ventricular Assist Device Model
Authors: Cooper Timothy K. , Zhong Qing , Nabity Mary , Rosenberg Gerson , Weiss William J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractEvaluation of thrombogenicity is a critical component in the preclinical testing and development of blood pumps. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), because of their device routing, can produce thromboembolic showers to the kidney resulting in renal cortical ischemia or infarctions. Although postmortem evaluation of renal pathology can confirm ischemic events and infarctions, there are no validated and highly sensitive real‐time measures of renal ischemia in the preclinical models. In this article, we report the evaluation of urinary biomarkers of ischemic tubular damage in a lamb preclinical LVAD model. We found that urinary excretion of glutathione‐S‐transferase‐π, heat shock protein 1B, and hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 homologue precursor (HAVCR1/kidney injury molecule 1) were upregulated in toxic ischemic renal injury as well as in the immediate postoperative period in an LVAD‐implanted lamb. These markers were consistent with both gross and histologic pathology, and proved far more sensitive for renal injury than serum blood urea nitrogen or creatinine concentrations.
Continuous high‐frequency activity in mesial temporal lobe structures
Authors: Mari Francesco , Zelmann Rina , Andrade‐Valenca Luciana , Dubeau Francois , Gotman Jean 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Many recent studies have reported the importance of high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) of patients with epilepsy. These HFOs have been defined as events that stand out from the background. We have noticed that this background often consists itself of high‐frequency rhythmic activity. The purpose of this study is to perform a first evaluation of the characteristics of high‐frequency continuous or semicontinuous background activity.Methods:  Because the continuous high‐frequency pattern was noted mainly in mesial temporal structures, we reviewed the EEG studies from these structures in 24 unselected patients with electrodes implanted in these regions. Sections of background away from interictal spikes were marked visually during periods of slow‐wave sleep and wakefulness. They were then high‐passed filtered at 80 Hz and categorized as having high‐frequency rhythmic activity in one of three patterns: continuous/semicontinuous, irregular, sporadic. Wavelet entropy, which measures the degree of rhythmicity of a signal, was calculated for the marked background sections.Key Findings:  Ninety‐six bipolar channels were analyzed. The continuous/semicontinuous pattern was found frequently (29/96 channels during wake and 34/96 during sleep). The different patterns were consistent between sleep and wakefulness. The continuous/semicontinuous pattern was found significantly more often in the hippocampus than in the parahippocampal gyrus and was rarely found in the amygdala. The types of pattern were not influenced by whether a channel was within the seizure‐onset zone, or whether it was a lesional channel. The continuous/semicontinuous pattern was associated with a higher frequency of spikes and with high rates of ripples and fast ripples.Significance:  It appears that high‐frequency activity (above 80 Hz) does not appear only in the form of brief paroxysmal events but also in the form of continuous rhythmic activity or very long bursts. In this study limited to mesial temporal structures, we found a clear anatomic preference for the hippocampus. Although associated with spikes and with distinct HFOs, this pattern was not clearly associated with the seizure‐onset zone. Future studies will need to evaluate systematically the presence of this pattern, as it may have a pathophysiologic significance and it will also have an important influence on the very definition of HFOs.
Impaired hippocampal memory function and synaptic plasticity in experimental cortical dysplasia
Authors: Zhou Fu‐Wen , Roper Steven N. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPurpose:  Memory impairment is a common comorbidity in people with epilepsy‐associated malformations of cortical development. We studied spatial memory performance and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in an animal model of cortical dysplasia.Methods:  Embryonic day 17 rats were exposed to 2.25 Gy external radiation. One‐month‐old rats were tested for spatial recognition memory. After behavioral testing, short‐term and long‐term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region was studied in an in vitro slice preparation.Key Findings:  Behavioral assessments showed impaired hippocampal CA1‐dependent spatial recognition memory in irradiated rats. Neurophysiologic assessments showed that baseline synaptic transmission was significantly enhanced, whereas paired‐pulse facilitation, long‐term potentiation, and long‐term depression of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope at Schaffer collateral/commissural fiber‐CA1 synapses were significantly reduced in the irradiated rats. Histologic observations showed dysplastic cortex and dispersed hippocampal pyramidal neurons.Significance:  This study has shown that prenatally irradiated rats with cortical dysplasia exhibit a severe impairment of spatial recognition memory accompanied by disrupted short‐term and long‐term synaptic plasticity and may help to guide development of potential therapeutic interventions for this important problem.
Changes in glucose metabolism and metabolites during the epileptogenic process in the lithium‐pilocarpine model of epilepsy
Authors: Lee Eun Mi , Park Ga Young , Im Ki Chun , Kim Sang Tae , Woo Chul‐Woong , Chung Jin Hwa , Kim Ki Soo , Kim Jae Seung , Shon Young‐Min , Kim Yeong In , Kang Joong Koo 
Published: March 2012

SummaryPurpose:  The metabolic and biochemical changes that occur during epileptogenesis remain to be determined. 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) are noninvasive techniques that provide indirect information on ongoing pathologic changes. We, therefore, utilized these methods to assess changes in glucose metabolism and metabolites in the rat lithium‐pilocarpine model of epilepsy as markers of epileptogenesis from baseline to chronic spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS).Methods:  PET and MRS were performed at baseline, and during the acute, subacute, silent, and chronic periods after lithium‐pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE). Sequential changes in glucose metabolism on 18F‐FDG PET using SPM2 and the ratios of percent injected dose per gram (%ID)/g of regions of interest (ROIs) in the bilateral amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia with the thalamus, cortex, and hypothalamus normalized to the pons were determined. Voxels of interest (VOIs) on 1H MRS were obtained at the right hippocampus and the basal ganglia. NAA/Cr levels and Cho/Cr at various time points were compared to baseline values.Key Findings:  Of 81 male Sprague‐Dawley rats, 30 progressed to SRS. 18F‐FDG PET showed widespread global hypometabolism during the acute period, returning to baseline level during the subacute period. Glucose metabolism, however, declined in part of the hippocampus during the silent period, with the hypometabolic area progressively expanding to the entire limbic area during the chronic period. 1H MRS showed that the NAA/Cr levels in the hippocampus and basal ganglia were reduced during the acute period and were not restored subsequently from the subacute to the chronic period without any significant change in the Cho/Cr ratio throughout the entire experiment.Significance:  Serial metabolic and biochemical changes in the lithium‐pilocarpine model of epilepsy indirectly represent the process of human epileptogenesis. Following initial irreversible neural damage by SE, global glucose metabolism transiently recovered during the subacute period without neuronal recovery. Progressive glucose hypometabolism in the limbic area during the silent and chronic periods may reflect the important role of the hippocampus in the formation of ongoing epileptic network during epileptogenesis.
Adding a Baby to the Equation. Married and Cohabiting Women's Relationship Satisfaction in the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Mortensen Øystein , Torsheim Torbjørn , Melkevik Ole , Thuen Frode 
Published: March 2012

摘要本文比较了参与”挪威母亲与儿童同组研究”(MoBa),且潜在样本为71504名妇女的研究对象中向父母身份过渡的已婚妇女与同居状态妇女的关系满意度轨迹。从产前六个月开始历经两年分四波采集了前瞻性的纵向数据。潜在曲线模型的结果暗示已婚及同居状态妇女在向父母身份过渡期间的关系满意度都经历了相似的消极变化。然而,同居妇女从一开始便更为不满意,并在整个过渡期内保持比已婚妇女更为不满意;这意味着存在一种消极的同居影响,这种影响在若干协变量受控制之后变得显著。本文讨论了扩展调查同居对父母过渡期的影响,并在斯堪的纳维亚背景下重复该调查以理解什么造成同居影响以及其临床意义。
Collaborative Relationships and Dialogic Conversations: Ideas for a Relationally Responsive Practice
Authors: Anderson Harlene 
Published: March 2012

摘要本文作者提出一组哲学假定,为思考并回应下列反复出现的问题提供了一种不同的表达方式:”我们的治疗实践在这个快速变化的世界里如何能够与人们的日常生活相关?这种相关性是什么?由谁来决定?”“为什么某些类型的关系和某些形式的谈话引人入胜,而其它的则令人疏远?为什么有些能引出以前从未想象到的潜力与前进方法,而其它的却禁锢着我们?”文章作者接着解释了这些哲学假定以揭示治疗师的哲学观点:存在之道。之后,作者讨论了该哲学立场的显著特征,以及它如何促进协作关系与对话性交谈,从而为治疗师及其客户提供丰富的手段实现创意目标。
Working with “La Medicina”: Elements of Healing in Contemporary Ayahuasca Rituals
Authors: Fotiou Evgenia 
Published: March 2012

AbstractHealing is an essential aspect of Amazonian mestizo shamanism. Not only is it one of the most commonly quoted motives for Westerners for participating in ayahuasca ceremonies, but most elements of an ayahuasca ceremony are aimed to heal and protect. This article is purely ethnographic, and its purpose is to provide insight into the ways healing is conceived by both ayahuasqueros and Western participants in the context of shamanic tourism in Iquitos, Peru. I show that illness is perceived to have physical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions, and healing is a complex process that takes place in and outside of ceremony. I show that a multitude of elements in a ceremony converge to address all three dimensions of illness, one of the most important ones being the element of personal crisis. Often present in healing narratives, the element of crisis becomes the catalyst for positive transformation, including physical, psychological, and spiritual healing. Rather than being seen as a singular event, healing in this context is seen as a process, in which the patient carries the responsibility for their own healing.
A Persistent, Effective, and Affordable Global Fleet Station Concept
Authors: CAMPBELL MARK A. , KREMPASKY JOHN , BOSWORTH MICHAEL 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper will examine the Global Fleet Station (GFS) concept, first proposed in the Naval Operations Concept 2006 and implemented since then through a variety of US Navy (USN) and US Coast Guard (USCG) humanitarian assistance and foreign military training cruises. First, we will explore GFS missions, and the capability and materiel requirements that are derived from them. Next, relying on lessons learned from recent USN and USCG GFS and GFS‐type cruises, and preliminary analysis of 20 US and foreign vessels potentially suitable for GFS missions, this paper will argue that to effectively implement GFS in a persistent, distributed, and affordable manner, greater attention must be given to ships specially built or modified for the mission, complemented by dual‐use legacy ships used as necessary in augmentation roles. It is important to recognize that emerging GFS requirements differ greatly from requirements for ships built for major combat operations, but that the resulting cost savings actually make this a cost‐effective and operationally effective trade‐off for the USN.
Preplant release of Nesidiocoris tenuis and supplementary tactics for control of Tuta absoluta and Bemisa tabaci in greenhouse tomato
Authors: Calvo Francisco J. , Lorente María J. , Stansly Philip A. , Belda José E. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn early release system developed for Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) could provide a good control of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato. Tuta absoluta and the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) often appear simultaneously in tomato crops and this might affect control capacity. Therefore, the new approach needs to be tested in a situation with both pests present. In addition, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja & Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) have been shown to be effective against T. absoluta and could be a supplement to N. tenuis. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the potential of this approach and its combination with supplementary control agents against T. absoluta. In the first experiment four treatments were compared (T. absoluta, B. tabaci, T. absoluta + N. tenuis, and T. absoluta + B. tabaci + N. tenuis) and N. tenuis was able to control T. absoluta and B. tabaci either alone or together. In the second experiment, five treatments were compared: T. absoluta, T. absoluta + N. tenuis, T. absoluta + N. tenuis + T. achaeae, T. absoluta + N. tenuis + B. thuringiensis, and T. absoluta + N. tenuis + T. achaeae + B. thuringiensis. Nesidiocoris tenuis again proved capable of significantly reducing T. absoluta populations, and the implementation of additional agents did not increase its effectiveness.
Effect of microthread presence and restoration design (screw versus cemented) in dental implant reliability and failure modes
Authors: Almeida Erika O. , Freitas Júnior Amilcar C. , Bonfante Estevam A. , Rocha Eduardo Passos , Silva Nelson R. F. A. , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the reliability and failure modes of implants with a microthreaded or smooth design at the crestal region, restored with screwed or cemented crowns. The postulated null hypothesis was that the presence of microthreads in the implant cervical region would not result in different reliability and strength to failure than smooth design, regardless of fixation method, when subjected to step‐stress accelerated life‐testing (SSALT) in water.Materials and methodsEighty four dental implants (3.3 × 10 mm) were divided into four groups (n = 21) according to implant macrogeometric design at the crestal region and crown fixation method: Microthreads Screwed (MS); Smooth Screwed (SS); Microthreads Cemented (MC), and Smooth Cemented (SC). The abutments were torqued to the implants and standardized maxillary central incisor metallic crowns were cemented (MC, SC) or screwed (MS, SS) and subjected to SSALT in water. The probability of failure versus cycles (90% two‐sided confidence intervals) was calculated and plotted using a power law relationship for damage accumulation. Reliability for a mission of 50,000 cycles at 150 N (90% 2‐sided confidence intervals) was calculated. Differences between final failure loads during fatigue for each group were assessed by Kruskal–Wallis along with Benferroni's post hoc tests. Polarized‐light and scanning electron microscopes were used for failure analyses.ResultsThe Beta (β) value (confidence interval range) derived from use level probability Weibull calculation of 1.30 (0.76–2.22), 1.17 (0.70–1.96), 1.12 (0.71–1.76), and 0.52 (0.30–0.89) for groups MC, SC, MS, and SS respectively, indicated that fatigue was an accelerating factor for all groups, except for SS. The calculated reliability was higher for SC (99%) compared to MC (87%). No difference was observed between screwed restorations (MS – 29%, SS – 43%). Failure involved abutment screw fracture for all groups. The cemented groups (MC, SC) presented more abutment and implant fractures. Significantly higher load to fracture values were observed for SC and MC relative to MS and SS (P < 0.001).ConclusionSince reliability and strength to failure was higher for SC than for MC, our postulated null hypothesis was rejected.
Does our research tool kit equip us to make generalisable claims about dental education?
Authors: Chambers D. W. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this essay on the state of scholarship in dental education, I argue that we are best served by looking at the validity, generalisability and usefulness of claims rather than at the rigour of various research methods. All papers published in 2009 in the European Journal of Dental Education (a quarterly) and the Journal of Dental Education (published monthly), a quarterly journal of the Academy of Management, Learning & Education and the monthly American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics were classified by the type of claim made, method by which evidence was collected and techniques of analysis. The dental education literature, compared with the two other journals, was largely focussed on surveys of opinion or particular practices and lacked scope in generalisability. The dental education literature was thin in use of randomisation, covariable analysis and theory‐building.
Alcohol and substance abuse identified during pregnancy: maternal morbidity, child morbidity and welfare interventions
Authors: Sarkola Taisto , Gissler Mika , Kahila Hanna , Autti‐Rämö Ilona , Halmesmäki Erja 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  To study the relations between postnatal maternal morbidity, child morbidity and welfare interventions in families with prenatal alcohol or substance abuse.Methods:  A register‐based longitudinal retrospective cohort study. The exposed cohort included 638 children born to 524 women followed‐up during pregnancy for alcohol or substance abuse 1992–2001. Non‐exposed children (n = 1914) born to control women were matched for maternal age, parity, number of foetuses, month of birth and delivery hospital of the index child. Perinatal and follow‐up data of both cohorts were collected from national registers until 2007.Results:  Postnatal maternal abuse‐related healthcare utilization and use of medication were associated with child out‐of‐home care. Significant differences were in particular observed in the categories of maternal mental and behavioural disorders caused by psychoactive substance use as well as injury and poisoning. Maternal inpatient care for mental and behavioural disorders peaked at the time of child out‐of‐home care. Maternal abuse‐related healthcare utilization was associated with early child healthcare utilization and use of medication for mental and behavioural disorders. These associations were largely explained by the association with child out‐of‐home care.Conclusions:  Postnatal maternal abuse‐related morbidity is associated with significant early child morbidity, use of medication and timing of out‐of‐home care.
Duration and morbidity of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura in children: five‐year follow‐up of a Nordic cohort
Authors: Rosthøj Steen , Rajantie Jukka , Treutiger Iris , Zeller Bernward , Tedgård Ulf , Henter Jan‐Inge ,   on behalf of the NOPHO ITP Working Group
Published: March 2012

AbstractAim:  To describe the clinical course, morbidity and platelet recovery in an unselected Nordic cohort of children with chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP).Methods:  Prospective 5‐year follow‐up of 96 children with ITP lasting more than 6 months, with reporting of hospital admissions, severity of bleeding episodes and stabilization of platelet counts above 20, 50 and 150 × 109/L.Results:  The estimated 5‐year recovery rate was 52%; exclusion of 12 splenectomized children did not change the estimate. Events eliciting admission to hospital occurred in 39 (41%). Major haemorrhages occurred in eight children (8%), including a nonfatal intracranial haemorrhage in one child (1%). The overall admission rate was 0.4/year of thrombocytopenia, decreasing during follow‐up as thrombocytopenia converted to milder degrees. Early recovery within 2 years of diagnosis occurred in 35%, was associated with low morbidity and was more likely in young children with abrupt onset of symptoms.Conclusion:  In a Nordic cohort of children with chronic ITP, one half had recovered 5 years after diagnosis, more than half never required hospitalization and <10% experienced serious bleeding episodes, always with a platelet count <20 × 109/L. Aggressive management can be restricted to the minority of children with continuing severe thrombocytopenia and frequent, clinically significant bleeding events.
Comparison of the structural changes in two cellobiohydrolases, CcCel6A and CcCel6C, from Coprinopsis cinerea – a tweezer‐like motion in the structure of CcCel6C
Authors: Tamura Mizuki , Miyazaki Takatsugu , Tanaka Yutaro , Yoshida Makoto , Nishikawa Atsushi , Tonozuka Takashi 
Published: March 2012

The basidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea produces five cellobiohydrolases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 6 (GH6). Among these enzymes, C. cinerea cellulase 6C (CcCel6C), but not C. cinerea cellulase 6A (CcCel6A), can efficiently hydrolyze carboxymethyl cellulose and is constitutively expressed in C. cinerea. In contrast, CcCel6A possesses a cellulose‐binding domain, and is strongly induced by cellobiose. Here, we determined the crystal structures of the CcCel6A catalytic domain complexed with a Hepes buffer molecule, with cellobiose, and with p‐nitrophenyl β‐d‐cellotrioside (pNPG3). A notable feature of the GH6 cellobiohydrolases is that the active site is enclosed by two loops to form a tunnel, and the loops have been demonstrated to open and close in response to ligand binding. The enclosed tunnel of CcCel6A–Hepes is seen as the open form, whereas the tunnels of CcCel6A–cellobiose and CcCel6A–pNPG3 adopt the closed form. pNPG3 was not hydrolyzed by CcCel6A, and bound in subsites +1 to +4. On the basis of this observation, we constructed two mutants, CcCel6A D164A and CcCel6C D102A. Neither CcCel6A D164A nor CcCel6C D102A hydrolyze phosphoric acid‐swollen cellulose. We have previously determined the crystal structures of CcCel6C unbound and in complex with ligand, both of which adopt the open form. In the present study, both CcCel6A and CcCel6C mutants were identified as the closed form. However, the motion angle of CcCel6C was more than 10‐fold greater than that of CcCel6A. The width of the active site cleft of CcCel6C was narrowed, owing to a tweezer‐like motion.Database
The coordinates and structure factors described in this article have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the accession codes 3VOG, 3VOH, 3VOI, 3VOJ, and 3VOF