bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal Corticosteroids to Prevent or Treat Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Watterberg Kristi L. ,   Committee on Fetus and Newborn
Published: September 2010

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed January 2014 and September 2020.
The purpose of this revised statement is to review current information on the use of postnatal glucocorticoids to prevent or treat bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the preterm infant and to make updated recommendations regarding their use. High-dose dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg per day) does not seem to confer additional therapeutic benefit over lower doses and is not recommended. Evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation regarding other glucocorticoid doses and preparations. The clinician must use clinical judgment when attempting to balance the potential adverse effects of glucocorticoid treatment with those of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Factors Affecting Reading Speed Measurements of Coloured Web Pages
Authors: Gradišar Mirko , Turk Tomaž , Humar Iztok 
Published: September 2010

Factors Affecting Reading Speed Measurements of Coloured Web Pages
Most of web-based systems use a fashion-driven graphical user interface design which does not necessarily provide the readers with high reading performance of colour variations of text and background. Many studies addressed this problem but none of them succeeded in offering complete and conclusive results in form of reading performance table which could be used in practice. The aim of this paper is to find reasons for these incomplete results. In our research, we firstly analyzed different experiment designs described in the literature and proposals for further research. Consequently, we tried to find an improved design and carried out an experiment involving 270 students who tested 30 web-safe colour combinations. However, our experiment also did not reveal statistically significant differences in reading speed. Therefore the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method was performed to show that the speed of reading cannot be described as a one-dimensional problem.
Knowledge Management in the Hotel Industry Before and After the Entry in the EU: The Case of Slovenia
Authors: Rudež Helena 
Published: September 2010

Knowledge Management in the Hotel Industry Before and After the Entry in the EU: The Case of Slovenia
The paper deals with the impact of the EU entry on knowledge management in the hotel industry in Slovenia. For this purpose, the empirical research on knowledge management was carried out among hotel managers. It explored the changes in knowledge management between 2003 and 2006; that is before and after Slovenia entered the EU. The research revealed a progress in this period of time in knowledge management goals definition, transformation of not-owned into owned knowledge, inclusion of knowledge management in business reports, identification and elimination of the gaps between planned and actual knowledge. On the other hand, there was no further progress in the field of strategies and policy of knowledge management, perception of the importance of knowledge management's measurement, development of measures of knowledge management and diminishment of barriers to knowledge development. Further, several recommendations are suggested for hotel managers.
Dynamic Nature of the Placebo Response
Authors: George Steven Z. , Robinson Michael E. 
Published: September 2010

Traditionally, placebo has been associated with using an inert substance, in part so the subsequent response could be attributed to the target treatment, controlling for the confound of a “placebo effect.” Placebo's link with inert substances is so strong that “sham treatment” is a common synonym, and widespread placebo use is discouraged—even when there is supporting evidence for its effectiveness. Recent research has helped to redefine placebo, and this editorial will highlight key information supporting a contemporary view of placebo. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(8):452–454. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.0107
Helene Deutsch, pionnière du féminin
Authors: Parat Hélène 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Helene Deutsch a été une pionnière dans l’élaboration théorique au sujet du « continent noir » de la sexualité féminine, mais elle a longtemps été cantonnée à n’être qu’un épigone de Freud, au mépris de ses contributions originales. Or, elle s’en démarque très clairement, quoique de façon diplomatique, sur des points essentiels, et ce, dès sa première contribution sur la question, Psychanalyse des fonctions sexuelles de la femme (1925), ouvrage contemporain des textes de Freud sur la différence sexuelle et la disparition du complexe d’Œdipe, mais antérieur à ses deux articles sur la féminité des années 1930. En particulier, elle fut la première à affirmer l’importance de l’oralité dans la genèse de la réceptivité et passivité féminine, elle a insisté sur les spécificités de l’ angoisse de castration chez la petite fille et travaillé en profondeur la question du masochisme féminin, à travers l’approche des grandes étapes de la vie féminine. Ses suggestions dans cet ouvrage princeps rencontrent des réflexions que d’autres, comme Melanie Klein par exemple, développeront ou que les théorisations d’aujourd’hui soulignent à loisir tel le lien entre féminité et passivité/réceptivité.
L'impuissance de Dieu (Présentation)
Authors: Aubry Gwenaëlle 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Les études ici réunies visent à explorer la résurgence, dans la philosophie et la théologie contemporaines, du motif de l’impuissance de Dieu. La question n’est plus seulement celle, comme dans la pensée médiévale, de la limitation de la toute‑puissance divine, mais bien de son complet abandon. Elle est étroitement liée à l’interrogation sur ce que peut être une théologie d’après la Shoah, et elle préside aussi, chez des penseurs comme Hans Jonas, Gianni Vattimo, ou Giorgio Agamben, au redéploiement des problèmes du mal et de la création, des concepts théologiques de kénose et d’incarnation, ou encore des catégories aristotéliciennes de la puissance.
L'impuissance de Dieu
Authors: De Smet Daniel 
Published: September 2010

Résumé	Nombreux sont les versets coraniques qui insistent sur la toute‑puissance de Dieu : en maître absolu du Bien et du Mal, il fait ce que bon lui semble, égarant et sauvant qui Il veut. Pris au pied de la lettre, ces versets ont inspiré une vision déterministe et fataliste de l’homme et du monde qui exclut toute possibilité de fonder une éthique rationnelle : le bien et le mal sont entièrement déterminés par la seule volonté de Dieu et l’islam se résume alors à une soumission aveugle aux décrets divins. Tenue pour responsable de l’ankylose de la pensée musulmane, voire des dérives obscurantistes de l’islamisme radical, cette position, qui résulte du triomphe de l’as’arisme dans le sunnisme postclassique, est de nos jours sévèrement critiquée par des théologiens soucieux de promouvoir un islam éclairé. Ceux‑ci renouent souvent avec des doctrines mu’tazilites visant à atténuer, d’une façon ou d’une autre, la puissance divine et à reconnaître en Dieu une certaine « impuissance », afin de créer un espace pour l’homme. L’article retrace l’historique de ce débat, qui remonte aux origines mêmes de la théologie musulmane.
L'impuissance de Dieu – une solution théologique ?
Authors: Askani Hans-Christoph 
Published: September 2010

Résumé Pendant presque deux millénaires, la toute‑puissance a été un attribut inséparable de Dieu et de la foi en Dieu. Depuis un certain temps, et en particulier au xx e siècle, cette toute‑puissance est contestée aussi bien depuis l’extérieur que depuis l’intérieur de la théologie. À l’intérieur de la théologie, on lui substitue volontiers une impuissance que Dieu assumerait délibérément. La question est de savoir si l’affirmation et la négation de cet attribut ne relèvent pas du même type de discours ; d’un discours qui se prétend capable de savoir, d’affirmer, de contester, de dominer, de régler... Quel est ici le statut de l’homme et du langage humain ? Face à la « problématique » de la toute‑puissance de Dieu, l’homme dispose‑t‑il encore de ses points de repère, de ses mots, de ses certitudes ?
Biopolitique, état d'exception, puissance : notes sur une politique à venir (Autour de Giorgio Agamben)
Authors: Ansaldi Saverio 
Published: September 2010

Résumé À partir du thème élaboré par Hobbes de la nécessité d’un passage de la multitude au peuple pour fonder l’État absolu, Giorgio Agamben se demande si l’on peut penser la puissance humaine à partir de la seule « gloire » de Dieu, c’est‑à‑dire de l’affirmation absolue de son impuissance. L’originalité d’Agamben est de faire de cette notion théologique un paradigme politique dérivé des notions juridiques d’ Homo sacer et de sacratio .
Large Space‐Charge Effects in a Nanostructured Proton Conductor
Authors: Haverkate Lucas A. , Chan Wing K. , Mulder Fokko M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDecreasing the dimensions of heterogeneous mixtures of ionic conductors towards the nanoscale results in ionic conduction enhancements, caused by the increased influence of the interfacial space‐charge regions. For a composite of TiO2 anatase and solid acid CsHSO4, the strong enhancement of the ionic conductivity at the nanoscale also can be assigned to this space‐charge effect. Surprisingly high hydrogen concentrations in the order of 1021 cm−3 in TiO2 are measured, which means that about 10% of the available sites for H+ ions are filled on average. Such high concentrations require a specific elaboration of the space‐charge model that is explicitly performed here, by taking account of the large occupation numbers on the exhaustible sites. It is shown that ionic defects with negative formation enthalpy reach extremely high concentrations near the interfaces and throughout the material. By performing first‐principles density functional theory calculations, it is found that proton insertion from CsHSO4 into the TiO2 particles is preferred compared to neutral hydrogen atom insertion and indeed that the formation enthalpy is negative. Moreover, the average proton fractions in TiO2, estimated by the theoretical ionic density profiles, are in good agreement with the experimental observations.
The Dependence of Device Dark Current on the Active‐Layer Morphology of Solution‐Processed Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Keivanidis Panagiotis E. , Ho Peter K. H. , Friend Richard H. , Greenham Neil C. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractOrganic photodiodes are presented that utilize solution‐processed perylene diimide bulk heterojunctions as the device photoactive layer. The polymer (9,9′‐dioctylfluorene‐co‐benzothiadiazole; F8BT) is used as the electron donor and the N,N′‐bis(1‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI) derivative is used as the electron acceptor. The thickness‐dependent study of the main device parameters, namely of the external quantum efficiency (EQE), the short‐circuit current (ISC), the open‐circuit voltage (VOC), the fill factor (FF), and the dark current (ID) is presented. In as‐spun F8BT:PDI devices the short‐circuit EQE reaches the maximum of 17% and the VOC value is as high as 0.8 V. Device ID is in the nA mm−2 regime and it correlates with the topography of the F8BT:PDI layer. For a range of annealing temperatures ID is monitored as the morphology of the photoactive layer changes. The changes in the morphology of the photoactive layer are monitored via atomic force microscopy. The thermally induced coalescence of the PDI domains assists the dark conductivity of the device. ID values as low as 80 pA mm−2 are achieved with a corresponding EQE of 9%, when an electron‐blocking layer (EB) is used in bilayer EB/F8BT:PDI devices. Electron injection from the hole‐collecting electrode to the F8BT:PDI medium is hindered by the use of the EB layer. The temperature dependence of the ID value of the as‐spun F8BT:PDI device is studied in the range of 296–216 K. In combination with the thickness and the composition dependence of ID, the determined activation energy Ea suggests a two‐step mechanism of ID generation; a temperature‐independent step of electric‐field‐assisted carrier injection from the device contacts to the active‐layer medium and a thermally activated step of carrier transport across the device electrodes, via the PDI domains of the photoactive layer. Moreover, device ID is found to be sensitive to environmental factors.
Non‐Toxic Dry‐Coated Nanosilver for Plasmonic Biosensors
Authors: Sotiriou Georgios A. , Sannomiya Takumi , Teleki Alexandra , Krumeich Frank , Vörös Janos , Pratsinis Sotiris E. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe plasmonic properties of noble metals facilitate their use for in vivo bio‐applications such as targeted drug delivery and cancer cell therapy. Nanosilver is best suited for such applications as it has the lowest plasmonic losses among all such materials in the UV‐visible spectrum. Its toxicity, however, can destroy surrounding healthy tissues and thus, hinders its safe use. Here, that toxicity against a model biological system (Escherichia coli) is “cured” or blocked by coating nanosilver hermetically with a about 2 nm thin SiO2 layer in one‐step by a scalable flame aerosol method followed by swirl injection of a silica precursor vapor (hexamethyldisiloxane) without reducing the plasmonic performance of the enclosed or encapsulated silver nanoparticles (20–40 nm in diameter as determined by X‐ray diffraction and microscopy). This creates the opportunity to safely use powerful nanosilver for intracellular bio‐applications. The label‐free biosensing and surface bio‐functionalization of these ready‐to‐use, non‐toxic (benign) Ag nanoparticles is presented by measuring the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a model sensing experiment. Furthermore, the silica coating around nanosilver prevents its agglomeration or flocculation (as determined by thermal annealing, optical absorption spectroscopy and microscopy) and thus, enhances its biosensitivity, including bioimaging as determined by dark field illumination.
Towards a Universal Method for the Stable and Clean Functionalization of Inert Perfluoropolymer Nanoparticles: Exploiting Photopolymerizable Amphiphilic Diacetylenes
Authors: Morasso Carlo , Colombo Miriam , Ronchi Silvia , Polito Laura , Mazzucchelli Serena , Monti Diego , Buscaglia Marco , Bellini Tommaso , Prosperi Davide 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHighly fluorinated materials are being widely investigated due to a number of peculiar properties, which are potentially useful for various applications, including use as lubricants, anti‐adhesive films, and substitutes for biological fluids for biomedical utilization. However, at present such potential is still poorly exploited. One of the major drawbacks that hampers the rapid development of nanoscale fluoro‐hybrid devices is the remarkable inertness of perfluoropolymeric materials that lack reactive functionalities, as they do not offer any functional groups that can be employed to covalently anchor organic molecules on their surface. In this paper, a convenient method for the stable biofunctionalization of strongly unreactive perfluoropolymer nanoparticles (PnPs) is reported. PnPs are easily coated with newly synthesized asymmetric diacetylenic monomer compounds (ADMs), thanks to PnP’s high propensity to interact with hydrophobic moieties. Once monomerically adsorbed onto PnPs, such suitably designed ADMs enable the formation of a robust polymeric shell around the perfluoroelastomer core via a clean UV‐promoted localized photopolymerization. Given the peculiar optical characteristics of PnPs, the coating of the particles can be monitored step by step using light scattering, which also allows estimation of the fraction of reacted monomers by competitive adsorption with smaller particles. The potential of this method for the biofunctionalization of PnPs is demonstrated with representative proteins and carbohydrates. Among them, the extension to avidin–biotin technology may broaden the scope and applicability of this strategy to potentially a large number of molecules of biomedical interest.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Hydrogenation of α‐Amino‐β‐Keto Ester Hydrochlorides Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex with MeO‐BIPHEP and NaBArF: Catalytic Cycle and Five‐Membered Chelation Mechanism of Asymmetric Hydrogenation
Authors: Maeda Tsukuru , Makino Kazuishi , Iwasaki Masamichi , Hamada Yasumasa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe development of Ir‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐amino‐β‐keto ester hydrochlorides is described. This reaction proceeds through a dynamic kinetic resolution to produce anti‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acid esters in a high diastereo‐ and enantioselective manner. Mechanistic studies have revealed that this unique asymmetric hydrogenation proceeds through reduction of the ketone moiety via the five‐membered transition state involving the chelation between the oxygen of the ketone and the nitrogen of the amine function. The relationship studies between the hydrogen pressure and the stereoselectivity have disclosed two mechanisms dependent on hydrogen pressure. Under low hydrogen pressure (<15 atm), the reaction rate proportionally increased with the hydrogen pressure. However, under the high hydrogen conditions, the reaction rate exponentially accelerated along with the increasing hydrogen pressure, which suggests the participation of two or more of hydrogen atoms.
Integrative genomic characterization and a genomic staging system for gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Ylipää Antti , Hunt Kelly K. , Yang Jilong , Lazar Alexander J. F. , Torres Keila E. , Lev Dina C. , Nykter Matti , Pollock Raphael E. , Trent Jonathan , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) historically were grouped with leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) based on their morphologic similarities; however, recently, GIST was established unequivocally as a distinct type of sarcoma based on its molecular features and response to imatinib treatment.METHODS:To gain further insight into the genomic differences between GISTs and LMSs, the authors mapped gene copy number aberrations (CNAs) in 42 GISTs and 30 LMSs and integrated the results with gene expression profiles.RESULTS:Distinct patterns of CNAs were revealed between GISTs and LMSs. Losses in 1p, 14q, 15q, and 22q were significantly more frequent in GISTs than in LMSs (P < .001); whereas losses in chromosomes 10 and 16 and gains in 1q, 14q, and 15q (P < .001) were more common in LMSs. By integrating CNAs with gene expression data and clinical information, the authors identified several clinically relevant CNAs that were prognostic of survival in patients with GIST. Furthermore, GISTs were categorized into 4 groups according to an accumulating pattern of genetic alterations. Many key cellular pathways were expressed differently in the 4 groups, and the patients in each group had increasingly worse prognoses as the extent of genomic alterations increased.CONCLUSIONS:Based on the current findings, the authors proposed a new tumor‐progression genetic staging system termed genomic instability stage to complement the current prognostic predictive system based on tumor size, mitotic index, and v‐kit Hardy‐Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KIT) mutation. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Five Metal‐Organic Complexes Based on a Triangular Nonplanar Carboxylate Ligand
Authors: He Haiyan , Yin Handong , Wang Daqi , Ma Huiqing , Zhang Guoqing , Sun Daofeng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA nonplanar triangular carboxylate ligand has been synthesized and applied to assemble metal‐organic frameworksunder hydro‐ or solvothermal conditions. Five new metal‐organic complexes, [H2N(CH3)2]2[Cd(HTMBTC)2]·2H2O·dmf (1), [Cu3(TMBTC)2(2,2′‐bpy)2]·H2O (2), [Zn3(TMBTC)2(H2O)2]·H2O (3), [Cd3(TMBTC)2(H2O)4]·4H2O (4), and [Cu3(TMBTC)2](5), (dmf = dimethylformamide; TMBTC = 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid; bpy = bipyridine) were crystallized; they possess four different structural types. In 1, the nonplanar carboxylate ligand connects the cadmium ion to give rise to a 2D (4,4) topological layer that contains two vertical left‐ and right‐handed helical chains. In 2, the carboxylate ligands first link the copper ions to generate a 1D tubular unit, which can be considered the basic building block. The 1D tubular units are further connected by the ligand to form a 2D layer structure. Complexes 3 and 4 have similar structural types. The zinc and cadmium ions are connected by the ligand to form a bilayer framework that contains double (6,3) topological nets. Different from complexes 1–4, complex 5 has a 3D framework. The copper ions are first connected by the ligand to generate a bilayer structure that contains double (6,3) nets, which are further connected by sharing the copper ion to form the final 3D framework. Photoluminescence measurements of 1, 3, and 4 in the solid state at room temperature show that all three coordination networks exhibit similar, strong luminescence, which can be assigned to an intraligand π → π* transition.
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Chromenoisoxazolidines by Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Murugan Gandhi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe novel and simple synthesis of tricyclic chromenoisoxazolidine frameworks by using Baylis–Hillman derivatives through in situ formation of nitrones followed by an intramolecular [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition reaction sequence is described. The new [3+2] cycloaddition reaction leads to a novel class of angularly substituted fused tricyclic chromenoisoxazolidines, creating two rings and three contiguousstereocenters, one of them being a tetrasubstituted carbon center. Fused tricyclic compounds were obtained in a highly stereoselective fashion with high yields.
A continuous model for sand dunes: Review, new developments and application to barchan dunes and barchan dune fields
Authors: Durán Orencio , Parteli Eric J.R. , Herrmann Hans J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBasically, sand dunes are patterns resulting from the coupling of hydrodynamic and sediment transport. Once grains move, they modify the surface topography which in turns modifies the flow. This important feedback mechanism lies at the core of continuous dune modelling. Here we present an updated review of such a model for aeolian dunes, including important modifications to improve its predicting power. For instance, we add a more realistic wind model and provide a self‐consistent set of parameters independently validated. As an example, we are able to simulate realistic barchan dunes, which are the basic solution of the model in the condition of unidirectional flow and scarce sediments. From the simulation, we extract new relations describing the morphology and dynamics of barchans that compare very well with existing field data. Next, we revisit the problem of the stability of barchan dunes and argue that they are intrinsically unstable bed‐forms. Finally, we perform more complex simulations: first, a barchan dune under variable wind strength and, second, barchan dune fields under different boundary conditions. The latter has important implications for the problem of the genesis of barchan dunes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.