bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and annual reoccurrence in betaproteobacterial ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial population structure
Authors: Bouskill Nicholas J. , Eveillard Damien , O'Mullan Gregory , Jackson George A. , Ward Bess B. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryMicrobes exhibit remarkably high genetic diversity compared with plant and animal species. Many phylogenetically diverse but apparently functionally redundant microbial taxa are detectable within a cubic centimetre of mud or a millilitre of water, and the significance of this diversity, in terms of ecosystem function, has been difficult to understand. Thus it is not known whether temporal and spatial differences in microbial community composition are linked to particular environmental factors or might modulate ecosystem response to environmental change. Fifty‐three water and sediment samples from upper and lower Chesapeake Bay were analysed in triplicate arrays to determine temporal and spatial patterns and relationships between ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial (AOB) communities and environmental variables. Thirty‐three water samples (three depths) collected during April, August and October, 2001–2004, from the oligohaline upper region of the Bay were analysed to investigate temporal patterns in archetype distribution. Using a combination of a non‐weighted discrimination analysis and principal components analysis of community composition data obtained from functional gene microarrays, it was found that co‐varying AOB assemblages reoccurred seasonally in concert with specific environmental conditions, potentially revealing patterns of niche differentiation. Among the most notable patterns were correlations of AOB archetypes with temperature, DON and ammonium concentrations. Different AOB archetypes were more prevalent at certain times of the year, e.g. some were more abundant every autumn and others every spring. This data set documents the successional return to an indigenous community following massive perturbation (hurricane induced flooding) as well as the seasonal reoccurrence of specific lineages, identified by key functional genes, associated with the biogeochemically important process nitrification.
Helicobacter pylori infection and Nonmalignant Diseases
Authors: De Vries Annemarie C. , Kuipers Ernst J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSeveral interesting studies have been published on nonmalignant Helicobacter pylori‐related conditions over the past year, which are reviewed in this article. A revival of interest in the histologic classification of gastritis has led to grading of gastritis into stages correlating with risk of neoplastic progression, new data to improve this concept have been published. Unselected prescription of proton‐pump inhibitors in patients with dyspepsia has been questioned by the finding that withdrawal of proton‐pump inhibitors induces acid‐related symptoms in healthy volunteers, probably by the mechanism of rebound gastric acid hypersecretion. Additional data on the rationale of tapering proton‐pump inhibitor therapy are therefore awaited. Moreover, new data on peptic ulcer disease and its complications provide clear recommendations for daily clinical practice. Testing and eradication of H. pylori in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding is essential. However, in H. pylori‐negative peptic ulcer disease, high overall patient mortality should be acknowledged, and this should guide considering continuation of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease is still unclear. An association has been described by several studies; however, it cannot be translated to individual risks for development of gastroesophageal reflux disease after H. pylori eradication. Possibly, additional data on subgroups, such as gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer patients, and associated gastric mucosal changes, will solve this issue.
Helicobacter spp. other than Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Goldman Cinthia G. , Mitchell Hazel M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOver the last 12 months, new insights into the association of non‐Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters with a range of human diseases in children and adults, including hepatobiliary disease, Crohn’s disease, sepsis, and gastric disease were published. Studies investigating the presence of non‐H. pylori Helicobacters in domestic animals reinforce previous findings that cats and dogs harbor gastric Helicobacter species and thus may be an important source of these organisms in humans. The confounding effect of enterohepatic Helicobacters on the outcome of biomedical research was investigated in several studies and led to recommendations that animals should be screened prior to performing experiments. A number of important and novel investigations regarding pathogenic mechanisms and immune responses to enterohepatic Helicobacters were conducted. Genomic advances in non‐H. pylori Helicobacters included description of the complete genome of Helicobacter canadensis, delineation of two Helicobacter bilis genomospecies, and identification of a novel cis‐regulatory RNA. New insights concerning growth conditions, biochemical characterization, and the effect of certain dietary compounds on Helicobacter spp. have also been reported.
Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Calvet Xavier , Lehours Philippe , Lario Sergio , Mégraud Francis 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIf we had to give a general view of the articles published in the year 2010, we should conclude that the evidence in the year 2010 suggests that, also in Helicobacter pylori diagnosis, “the devil is in the details”. In this sense, different studies suggested that skipping citric acid pretreatment or local validation or reducing the 13C‐urea dose markedly decreases the accuracy of the urea breath test. The studies also implied that, even between monoclonal stool tests, there are large differences between the marketed tests. Finally, even histology does not work adequately in patients with gastric cancer or extensive areas of intestinal metaplasia. In these cases, specific gastric sites should be biopsied to improve the reliability of histology.
Exploring the olfactory environment of premature newborns: a French survey of health care and cleaning products used in neonatal units
Authors: Kuhn Pierre , Astruc Dominique , Messer Jean , Marlier Luc 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAim:  To assess the main determinants of the newborn’s nosocomial olfactory environment.Methods:  An electronic questionnaire was sent to 99 neonatal units in France. Senior nurses and/or physicians described the nature and use of skin care products (e.g. umbilical cord and skin disinfectants, adhesive removers), lubrications used for tubes positioning, disinfectants used to clean materials, hand hygiene products (e.g. alcohol‐based hand rubs, soaps) and newborns’ bath.Results:  Nine groups of products and 76 distinct commercial preparations were identified. Depending on their level of respiratory support, preterm newborns were estimated to be exposed to nosocomial odours (NO) an average of 1320–1800 times during their first month of life. During their whole hospital stay, newborns of 28 and 32 weeks of gestational age could be exposed to NOs products an average of 3448 and 2024 times, respectively. The use of these products varied among medical centres. Newborns were most frequently exposed to the odour of aqueous alcoholic solutions.Conclusions:  Vulnerable preterm infants are daily exposed to multiple NOs most of them be considered as irritant for the nose. Minimizing infants’ exposure to them would be beneficial. Future studies should describe the exact olfactory properties of the products considered essential for infant care and should assess their effects on the infant’s well‐being and development.
Safety and efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide treatment for premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome: follow‐up evaluation at early school age
Authors: Patrianakos‐Hoobler Athena I , Marks Jeremy D , Msall Michael E. , Huo Dezheng , Schreiber Michael D 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAims:  The aims of the study were to assess the long‐term safety and compare neurodevelopmental outcomes in school‐age children born prematurely who received inhaled nitric oxide or placebo during the first week of life in a randomized, double‐blinded study. Children treated with inhaled nitric oxide had previously been shown to have decreased intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia as newborns and decreased cognitive impairment at 2 years (L.W. Doyle and P.J. Anderson. (2005) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 90, F484–F8).Methods:  It is follow‐up study of medical outcomes, neurodevelopmental assessment and school readiness in 135 of 167 (81%) surviving premature infants seen at 5.7 ± 1.0 years.Results:  Compared to placebo‐treated children (n = 65), iNO‐treated children (n = 70) demonstrated no difference in growth parameters, school readiness or need for subsequent hospitalization. However, iNO‐treated children were less likely to have multiple chronic morbidities or technology dependence (p = 0.05). They also had less functional disability (p = 0.05).Conclusion:  These results demonstrate the long‐term safety of iNO in premature infants. Furthermore, iNO treatment may improve health status by decreasing the incidence of severe ongoing morbidities and technology dependence and may also decrease the incidence of educational and community functional disability of premature infants at early school age.
The impact of integration of dental services on oral health in long‐term care: qualitative analysis
Authors: Finkleman Gary I. , Lawrence Herenia P. , Glogauer Michael 
Published: November 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00413.xThe impact of integration of dental services on oral health in long‐term care: qualitative analysisObjectives:  To qualitatively analyse how integration of dental service in long‐term care (LTC) impacts residents and their oral health.Background:  Few studies have attempted to merge inductive and deductive data to clarify the significance of the complex psychosocial environment in LTC facilities. Understanding the subjective oral health experience of LTC residents in their social setting is key to uncovering behavioural patterns that may be limiting the oral care provided to LTC residents.Materials and methods:  A cross‐sectional study was performed involving 61 residents in three Ontario LTC facilities. Observations and reflective notes were recorded during open‐ended interviews using a structured questionnaire to stimulate conversation topics. This ensured that each resident received the same prompting during the interview process. Inductive analysis was used to identify common patterns and themes within field notes and transcriptions.Results:  The major themes identified included oral hygiene, oral discomfort, general health, appearance, dental access, and denture related issues. Oral hygiene and discomfort were the dominating categories within the facilities.Conclusion:  Two of the three LTC centres identified in this study failed to provide appropriate oral care for their residents. Future research needs to be directed at prospective studies assessing the effect of oral health education and mandatory dental examinations o entry within LTC centres utilising qualitative and quantitative analyses.
The Greening of Milton Criticism
Authors: Wilcher Robert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractEcocriticism is an offshoot of the environmental movements that developed during the second half of the twentieth century and takes as its field of study literary treatments of the relationship between human beings and the physical environment. When it became established as a recognizable critical school during the 1990s, it was dominated by analyses of British Romantic poetry and literature of the American wilderness. In the present decade, its scope has been deliberately extended to include work from the early modern period. As early as the 1980s, however, the poetry of John Milton had begun to attract attention from critics with an interest in ecological concerns. Paradise Lost in particular became a key text for those who sought to resist the charge that the exploitation of the natural world was licensed by a homocentric Christian tradition based on the Biblical command to ‘subdue’ the earth and ‘have dominion’ over the creatures. An alternative to this tradition has been found in Milton’s conception of the newly created earth as a living organism, his dramatization of Eve’s response to the further Biblical command to ‘dress’ and ‘keep’ the garden of Eden, and his recognition of the ecological consequences of ‘man’s first disobedience’. Recent books and articles have begun to locate ecological readings of the epic and other poems by Milton within the contexts of seventeenth‐century developments in land management and materialist philosophy, the origins of modern scientific natural history, and the beginnings of anxiety about such environmental issues as pollution, the treatment of animals, and deforestation.
Re‐thinking Textuality in Literary Studies Today
Authors: Barry Peter 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWith theory no longer the dominant force in literary studies, the literary text itself has again become a major focus. The article argues the need to re‐think notions of what ‘textuality’ consists of, acknowledging the impossibility of merely returning to ‘close reading’ or merely continuing with the ‘theorised reading’ of the recent past. Instead it advocates what it calls ‘textual reading’, which is an eclectic approach that takes elements from both. Textual reading requires attention to five specific aspects of the text, which are named textuality, co‐textuality, intertextuality, contextuality and multitextuality. These are defined and briefly illustrated, and some of the sub‐categories of each are discussed in the course of the article.
Implementation of a lifestyle program in primary care by nurse practitioners
Authors: Whittemore Robin , Melkus Gail D’Eramo , Alexander Nanette , Zibel Stacie , Visone Elizabeth , Muench Ulrike , Magenheimer Elizabeth , Wilborne Stephanie 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation process and participant satisfaction with a lifestyle program provided by nurse practitioners (NPs) in primary care to adults at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to enhanced standard care. Data sources: A mixed‐method clinical trial design was used (n= 58). NPs were interviewed prior to beginning the program, at 3 months, and at completion of the program. NPs also completed a questionnaire on lifestyle counseling at baseline. Process data were collected on attendance, attrition, and intervention fidelity. Participants completed a satisfaction survey at completion of the program and a sub‐sample were interviewed at the end of the program. Conclusions: NPs reported that they felt well‐prepared and moderately effective in providing lifestyle change counseling. Participant attendance was high and in‐person sessions were implemented with good success. Participants in the lifestyle program were more satisfied with the program, reporting that the program was a good experience. Implications for practice: Implementation of a lifestyle program to prevent T2D in primary care is feasible and acceptable to NPs and participants. Developing a structured program may improve health outcomes.
Association of depressive symptoms and social support on blood pressure among urban African American women and girls
Authors: Wu Chun Yi , Prosser Rachel A. , Taylor Jacquelyn Y. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between depressive symptoms and perceived social support on blood pressure in African American women. Data sources: This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 159 African American women from multiple sites in the Detroit Metro area. Conclusions: Results from this study found that both higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure were positively associated with higher depressive symptom scores (r= .20 and .18, p < .05). Higher depressive symptoms scores were, in turn, significantly associated with lower social support scores (r=–.44, p < .001). However, total social support scores were not significantly correlated with blood pressure readings. Higher depressive symptom scores were associated with increased systolic blood pressure independent of social support. Implications for practice: Findings of the present study suggest the importance of appropriate social support to help alleviate depressive symptoms. However, to effectively control blood pressure in patients with depressive symptoms, other pathophysiologic mechanisms between depressive symptoms and elevated blood pressures independent of social support should be examined in future research. Future studies should consider a cohort design to examine the temporal relationship of depressive symptoms, social support, and blood pressure readings.
Selective Killing of Tumor Neovasculature Paradoxically Improves Chemotherapy Delivery to Tumors
Authors: Escorcia Freddy E. , Henke Erik , McDevitt Michael R. , Villa Carlos H. , Smith-Jones Peter , Blasberg Ronald G. , Benezra Robert , Scheinberg David A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapies are frequently used with concomitantly administered cancer chemotherapy to improve outcomes, but the mechanism for the benefit of the combination is uncertain. We describe a mechanism by which a specific, cytotoxic antivascular agent causes vascular remodeling and improved chemotherapy results. By selectively killing tumor neovasculature using short-ranged α-particles targeted to vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin on vascular endothelial cells (by use of 225Ac-labeled E4G10 antibody) we were able both to reduce tumor growth and to increase the efficacy of chemotherapy, an effect seen only when the chemotherapy was administered several days after the vascular targeting agent, but not if the order of administration was reversed. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies showed that the vasculature of 225Ac-E4G10–treated tumors was substantially depleted; the remaining vessels appeared more mature morphologically and displayed increased pericyte density and coverage. Tumor uptake and microdistribution studies with radioactive and fluorescent small molecule drugs showed better accumulation and more homogenous distribution of the drugs within 225Ac-E4G10–treated tumors. These results show that 225Ac-E4G10 treatment leads to ablation and improvement of the tumor vascular architecture, and also show that the resulting vascular remodeling can increase tumor delivery of small molecules, thus providing a process for the improved outcomes observed after combining antivascular therapy and chemotherapy. This study directly shows evidence for what has long been a speculated mechanism for antiangiogenic therapies. Moreover, targeting the vessel for killing provides an alternative mode of improving chemotherapy delivery and efficacy, potentially avoiding some of the drawbacks of targeting a highly redundant angiogenic pathway. Cancer Res; 70(22); 9277–86. ©2010 AACR.
Liberal Women in Rhodesia: A Report on the Mitchell Papers, University of Cape Town
Authors: Law Kate 
Published: November 2010

The Mitchell collection at the Manuscripts and Archives Department of The University of Cape Town (UCT) consists of the papers of Diana Mary Mitchell, a leading white Rhodesian liberal in the 1960s and 1970s as well as private papers of some other politically active Rhodesians, such as Morris Hirsch, Pat Bashford and Allan Savory. This report presents the Mitchell collection as an instrument to investigate issues of agency by liberal White Rhodesian women in the period 1950-1980, thus aiming to counter some dominant trends in the historiography of Rhodesia and Zimbabwe.Diana Mitchell was born in Salisbury, Rhodesia, in 1932. Her father was a merchant marine officer and her mother was originally from Australia. She attended Eveline High School in Bulawayo and with financial help from her mother she completed a BA in History at Cape Town University in 1953. Before entering formal party politics, Mitchell ran a “backyard school” which provided schooling for African children who otherwise would have had no access to education. After the announcement of the illegal Declaration of Independence (UDI), in 1965 the Rhodesian Front (RF) closed such schools and Mitchell charges this move as being “the key to my activism.” While Mitchell acknowledges that she “worked voluntarily because I could afford to, my husband was the breadwinner […] so I could afford to be this so called ‘liberal’ because of my standard of living,” she became heavily involved in parliamentary politics and was one of the founding members of the Centre Party (CP).
Potentials and Challenges in Oral Tradition Research and Education: Synchrotext Software
Authors: Seitel Peter 
Published: November 2010

This short note introduces Synchrotext software, which was designed for representing African oral traditions and other kinds of performances and events. I began my documentation and analysis of Haya oral tradition in 1968. Synchrotext is the product of a decades-long project to adequately represent Haya oral traditions with an appropriate technology and an analytic frame that communicate the meaning and art in performance. Synchrotext provides a means of hearing the indigenous voices of oral tradition centered in their own time and inflected with their own intonation.For some time now, the computer has been employed to enhance research and education in the humanities. Internet sites like the Perseus Project demonstrate the powers of automated information-processing. To date, the computer's constantly evolving, massive, sophisticated storage-and-retrieval capabilities have been focused almost exclusively on the cultural heritage of written texts. And, although computer-assisted archives of recorded oral performances do exist, there remain current needs of oral traditions research that I believe can be more effectively met. In this short note, I would like to specify what those needs are and to introduce the software I have designed to speak to them.The needs to be discussed relate to five practices that are among those of current concern to students of oral traditions: representation of primary data, research and analysis, modes of collaboration, education, and the safeguarding of performance traditions: Each set of needs is discussed in turn, and each becomes a context for the description and evaluation of software design.