bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ginkgo biloba and risk of cancer: secondary analysis of the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study
Authors: Biggs Mary L. , Sorkin Barbara C. , Nahin Richard L. , Kuller Lewis H. , Fitzpatrick Annette L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurposeEvidence from in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that Ginkgo biloba has cancer chemopreventive properties, but epidemiological evidence is sparse. We analyzed cancer as a secondary endpoint in the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) Study, the largest randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of Ginkgo supplementation to date.MethodsA total of 3069 GEM participants 75+ years of age were randomized to twice‐daily doses of either 120 mg Ginkgo extract (EGb 761) or placebo and followed for a median 6.1 years. We identified hospitalizations for invasive cancer by reviewing hospital admission and discharge records for all reported hospitalizations over follow‐up. Using an intention‐to‐treat approach, we compared the risk of cancer hospitalization between participants assigned to treatment and those assigned to placebo.ResultsDuring the intervention, there were 148 cancer hospitalizations in the placebo group and 162 in the EGb 761 group (Hazard ratio (HR), 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87–1.36; p = 0.46). Among the site‐specific cancers analyzed, we observed an increased risk of breast (HR, 2.15; 95%CI, 0.97–4.80; p = 0.06) and colorectal (HR, 1.62; 95%CI, 0.92–2.87; p = 0.10) cancer, and a reduced risk of prostate cancer (HR, 0.71; 95%CI, 0.43–1.17; p = 0.18).ConclusionsOverall, these results do not support the hypothesis that regular use of Ginkgo biloba reduces the risk of cancer. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical properties tailoring for new devices engineering in high‐gap oxides
Authors: Ricci Pier Carlo , Casu Alberto , Salis Marcello , Fortin Emery , Anedda Alberto 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMonocrystal matrices of high‐gap oxides are finding increasing applications as hosts of luminescent ions, typically rare earths (RE)s. Currently, RE‐doped oxyorthosilicates, aluminum perovskites, and garnets (RE2SiO5–REAlO3–RE3Al5O12) are widely used as highly efficient and fast scintillators for γ‐ray detection. On the other hand, shallow or deep intragap energy levels, due to stoichiometric deviation or impurities unintentionally added in the crystals, play a counteractive role giving rise to slower scintillation decay time, reduced light yield and afterglow. The aim of this work is to show how it is possible to tailor these unwelcome outcomes and RE‐ion interactions for engineering new devices for optical memory storage. In this sense, experimental results of thermo‐ and radio‐luminescence are presented. The role of the bandgap and the location in energy of the levels due to the RE dopants and to the defects is discussed from a theoretical point of view. The feasibility in the near future of new promising transparent displays is also discussed.
Ageing of electrochromic WO3 coatings characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Pehlivan Esat , Niklasson Gunnar A. , Granqvist Claes‐Göran , Georén Peter 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe have developed a method for characterization of ageing of electrochromic materials by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Electrochromic WO3 thin films have been electrochemically cycled in propionic acid electrolyte and probed by EIS and optical measurements. A very small amount of optical degradation was observed in both the bleached and coloured states. The samples exhibited a few hundred times higher impedance in the bleached state than in the coloured state. It was observed that, in the bleached state, impedance values at low frequencies increased significantly with increasing number of cycles.
Preparation and characterization of Zn1−xFexO thin films
Authors: Marí B. , Elmanouni A. , Damonte L. , Mollar M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractZn1−xFexO ternary thin films were electrodeposited from electrolytes containing Fe(II) and Fe(III) perchlorate precursors dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The Fe molar fraction in the starting electrolyte ranged between 0 and 69%. Films were deposited onto ITO/glass conductive substrates at 80 °C in presence of molecular O2 at deposition potentials ranging from −0.7 to −0.9 V. Any effect of the potential in this range was observed. Electrodeposited films were analyzed by energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), XRD, optical transmittance, and reflectivity spectroscopies. EDS results confirm the incorporation of iron in Zn1−xFexO films and the Fe final content x increases proportionally to the initial Fe/Zn ratio present in starting solution. XRD patterns proved that all Zn1−xFexO films have wurtzite crystal structure. The optical transmittance spectra show a high transmittance around 85% in visible region and the absorption edge becomes more deformed as the Fe concentration increase. Independent of their Fe content, the electrodeposited Zn1−xFexO films do not show any evidence of magnetic order.
Self‐selection for stressful experiences
Authors: Barker David B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractStudies of self‐selection for stressful experiences have employed different models advocating variables specific to those models. These investigations typically utilize personal resource or psychological distress measures to predict occurrences of life events and daily hassles. The purpose of this investigation was to combine both types of measures to estimate the occurrence of life events and daily hassles prospectively. Using hierarchical multiple regression, occurrences of stressful experiences were regressed on personal resource variables (mastery, self‐esteem, conscientiousness and neuroticism), perceived social support, avoidance coping, gender and psychological distress assessed 10 weeks prior. Results indicated that depressive symptoms and avoidance coping were consistent estimators for both types of stressor. The influence of mastery, self‐esteem, neuroticism, social support and gender varied across stressor categories. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New crown–rump length curve based on over 3500 pregnancies
Authors: Pexsters A. , Daemen A. , Bottomley C. , Van Schoubroeck D. , De Catte L. , De Moor B. , D'Hooghe T. , Lees C. , Timmerman D. , Bourne T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectivesThe Robinson and Hadlock crown–rump length (CRL) curves are commonly used to estimate gestational age (GA) based on the CRL of an embryo or fetus. However, the Robinson curve was derived from a small population using transabdominal sonography and the Hadlock curve was generated using early transvaginal ultrasound equipment. The aim of this study was to use transvaginal and transabdominal ultrasound to study a large population of early pregnancies to assess embryonic or fetal size, and so create a new normal CRL curve from 5.5 weeks' gestation. We compared this with the Robinson and Hadlock CRL curves.MethodsA retrospective database study of CRL in first‐trimester embryos was conducted in a fetal medicine referral center with a predominantly Caucasian population. Linear mixed‐effects analysis was performed to determine the relationship between CRL and GA. After internal validation of this curve, the CRL was compared with the expected CRL at a given GA according to both the Robinson and Hadlock models based on the paired t‐test. Bland–Altman plots were constructed to compare the CRL measurements obtained in our study population with those predicted according to GA by both the Robinson and Hadlock curves.ResultsIn total 3710 normal singleton pregnancies with a known last menstrual period were included in the study, corresponding to 4387 scans. Our data differed significantly from both the Robinson and the Hadlock curves (paired t‐test, P < 0.0001). A mixed‐effects model for CRL as a function of GA was developed on 70% of the data and internally validated with z‐scores on the remaining 30%. The new curve extended from 5.5 to 14 weeks' gestation. Compared to our CRL curve, the Robinson curve gave a 4‐day underestimation of GA at 6 weeks with a difference in CRL of 3.7 mm and a 1‐day overestimation from 11 to 14 weeks with a difference in CRL of 0.9–1 mm. A comparison between our curve and the Hadlock curve showed a difference in CRL of 2.7 mm at 6 weeks, equivalent to an underestimation of 3 days, and a difference in CRL of 4.8 mm at 14 weeks, equivalent to an overestimation of 2 days. At 9 weeks all three curves were similar.ConclusionThe new CRL curve suggests differences in the range of CRL measurements compared with the Robinson and Hadlock curves. These differences are most significant at the beginning and the end of the first trimester, and may lead to more accurate estimations of GA. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Limits of Tolerance in Diverse Societies: Hate Speech and Political Tolerance Norms Among Youth
Authors: Harell Allison 
Published: May 2010

Abstract.Conventional measures of political tolerance have tended to assume that people see all forms of speech as equally legitimate (or equally illegitimate). This article develops an alternative view, and measure, of political tolerance to account for individual distinctions across types of speech. Political tolerance is conceptualized using three individual-level dispositions. The intolerant reject speech rights for all objectionable groups; absolute tolerators endorse speech rights for all groups viewed as objectionable; and multicultural tolerators support free speech except when such freedoms are used to target racial and ethnic minorities. Survey data from close to 10,000 youth in Canada and Belgium show that multicultural tolerance reflects civil liberties attitudes among many young citizens. These youth do see exclusionary speech as a special category of “intolerable” speech, consistent with legal restrictions on hate speech in many industrialized democracies. Such target group distinctions are an under-studied and under-specified component of contemporary political tolerance judgments.Résumé.Les mesures conventionnelles de la tolérance politique tendent à présumer que les gens perçoivent tous les discours comme étant également légitimes (ou également illégitimes). Cet article développe une perspective différente et une mesure plus nuancée de la tolérance politique en relevant des distinctions entre les types de propos. On distingue trois dispositions individuelles en matière de tolérance politique. Les intolérants rejettent la liberté d'expression pour tous les groupes ou propos perçus comme importuns; les gens absolument tolérants appuient la liberté d'expression pour tous les groupes ou propos perçus comme importuns; et les adhérents de la tolérance multiculturelle appuient la libre expression publique des idées, sauf quand celle-ci sert à bafouer les minorités ethniques et raciales. Les résultats d'une enquête menée auprès d'environ 10 000 jeunes au Canada et en Belgique indiquent qu'un grand nombre de jeunes citoyens pratiquent la tolérance multiculturelle. Ces derniers considèrent les propos empreints d'exclusion comme une catégorie spéciale de propos «intolérables», conformément aux lois contre la propagande haineuse adoptées dans la plupart des pays développés. Les distinctions de ce genre sont des facteurs négligés dans notre compréhension des jugements contemporains sur la tolérance politique.
Effect of maturation on the expression of aquaporin 3 in mouse oocyte
Authors: Jo Jun Woo , Jee Byung Chul , Suh Chang Suk , Kim Seok Hyun , Choi Young Min , Kim Jung Gu , Moon Shin Yong 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate whether aquaporin 3 (Aqp3) mRNAs are expressed in immature oocytes and altered duringin vitromaturation process. Five- to 6-week-old female ICR mice were primed by gonadotropin for 24 and 48 h. Immature oocytes obtained 48 h after priming were also maturedin vitrofor 17 to 18 h.In vivomatured oocytes were obtained after 48 h priming followed by hCG injection. Total RNAs were extracted from 80 to 150 oocytes in each experimental group, and the levels ofAqp3mRNA were quantified by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The experiments were repeated twice using different oocytes. TheAqp3mRNA was expressed in immature oocytes, as well as inin vitroandin vivomatured oocytes. The expression level was higher in immature oocytes obtained 48 h after priming (17.2 ± 8.6, mean ± SD) than those with no priming (5.7 ± 0.8) or obtained 24 h after priming (2.5 ± 0.8). The expression ofAqp3mRNA decreased afterin vitromaturation (1.2 ± 0.5), which was similar toin vivomatured oocytes (1.0 ± 0.0). Our work demonstrated thatAqp3mRNA expression increased during the development of immature oocyte but decreased after completion ofin vitromaturation. The results indicate that AQP3 is certainly needed for the acquisition of immature oocytes’ full growing potential within antral follicles.
The Cow: A screenplay
Authors: Sa'edi Gholamhosayn 
Published: May 2010

The chief characters of the story:Mashd HasanEslamKadkhodaMashd JabbarMashd Safar's sonAbbasEsma'ilMusorkheh [Redhead]HasaniMashd BabaMashd ZaynalMashd Hasan's wifeAbbas's sisterNaneh KhanomNaneh FatemehThree PurusisThe other inhabitants of the villageMen, women, and childrenBayal. Squat mud huts, twisting alleys. And the village center, a large pool of nothing but stagnant water. And by the pool, an earthen platform; this is the village teahouse. All the alleys lead to the pool. The area surrounding the pool is the public meeting place.
Power, Prudence, and Print: Censorship and Simin Danashvar
Authors: Milani Farzaneh 
Published: May 2010

Censorship has been as much a part of Iran's literary history as betrayed love, bewitched lovers, and broken love affairs. In other words, it began long before the establishment of the "Imperial Printing Office" during the reign of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (ruled 1848-1896).In earlier times some dissident writers were forced to lick off the ink from pages of their writings. Others had their mouths filled with gold or silver. Some were thrown in dungeons or seas. Others were exiled or executed.Modern rulers have been no less adamant or imaginative in their methods of silencing opposition artists. "Mohammad 'Ali Shah had the two writers and orators, Malek-ol-Motakallamin and Sur-e Esrafil, hanged in the Bagh-e Shah Garrison, while he himself sat on the balcony facing the gallows and ate an entire plateful of rice and kabob as he watched." Farrokhi Yazdi (1889-1939) had his lips sewn together.
Hushang Golshiri and Post‐Pahlavi Concerns of the Iranian Writer of Fiction
Authors: Ghanoonparvar Mohammad R. 
Published: May 2010

Most Iranian writers view Pahlavi rule over Iran (1921-1979) as a period of secular dictatorship. Many writers during the Pahlavi era responded to what they perceived to be an atmosphere politically repressive and restrictive on their artistic and social activities through the production of a significant amount of fiction, essays, and poetry which may, on the whole, be described as a literature of protest.Hence, a major concern of Iranian writers since the first days of Reza Shah Pahlavi's rule has been how they could deal with government-imposed censorship of literary works and restrictions on social liberties.
Gliding across the liminal space between counsellor and counselling researcher: Using collective biography practices in the teaching of counselling research methodologies
Authors: Dalzell Ann , Bonsmann Christine , Erskine Deborah , Kefalogianni Maria , Keogh Katie , Maniorou Kalliopi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAims: Drawing on their engagement in a specific collective biography research project, the co‐authors aim to demonstrate how the weaving together of creative story‐telling and the theory underlining collective biography practices resulted in an understanding of rhizomatic research methodologies from within the process. This paper aims to demonstrate one way in which research methodologies training can become more firmly embedded within counsellor training courses. Method: A collective of counselling students and a session tutor colleague used collective biography practices to research their memories of traversing the liminal space between ‘counsellor’ and ‘counselling researcher’. Alongside the resulting collective stories, a collaborative review of the research process examined our chosen ways of working within the project. Outcomes: Engaging in collective biography practices resulted in an experiential shift from ‘learning to do counselling research’ to ‘becoming counselling researchers’. Weaving together research processes and researcher reflexivity generated personal and professional learning. Ways in which these research methodologies complement core components of counselling training, within and beyond the teaching of research, were identified. Conclusions: Collective biography practices offer a way of introducing non‐arboreal creative research methodologies into counsellor training. Careful consideration of potential challenges surrounding the introduction of these practices is required.
‘A baptism of fire’: A qualitative investigation of a trainee counsellor's experience at the start of training
Authors: Folkes-Skinner Julie , Elliott Robert , Wheeler Sue 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: Belief in the effectiveness of professional counselling and psychotherapy training is widespread and generally unquestioned. Few studies have attempted to understand the changes experienced by trainees, or identified which aspects of professional training programmes assist them in the process of becoming therapists. Aims: to investigate how a trainee counsellor changes at the start of training, and to identify which aspects of a professional counsellor training programme were helpful in instigating and supporting change. Method: the experience of one trainee counsellor, Margaret, was captured through three semi‐structured interviews conducted at the beginning, middle and end of her first term. The data were subjected to systematic qualitative analysis. Findings: Margaret experienced significant change during her first term. Each interview revealed a different phase of her development. The core categories were: becoming something new (week 3); growth in therapeutic confidence (week 6); surviving ‘stressful involvement’ through supervision (week 11). Experiential learning, in particular group supervision, was helpful throughout. The presence of real clients was identified as the main driver for change. Conclusion: The findings were found to be consistent with a number of other studies, which suggest that training is potentially painful because of the emotional demands it places on trainees, particularly at the start of practice. Consequently trainees require opportunities for experiential learning, peer support and supportive supervision to assist them in their development, but most importantly, given that supportive supervision can only minimise the harm of stressful involvement (Orlinsky & Ronnestad, 2005), they need early positive experiences with clients.
MODEVO: exploring modularity and evolution of protein interaction networks
Authors: Woźniak Michał , Tiuryn Jerzy , Dutkowski Janusz 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Summary: Interrogating protein complexes and pathways in an evolutionary context provides insights into the formation of the basic functional components of the cell. We developed two independent Cytoscape plugins that can be cooperatively used to map evolving protein interaction networks at the module level. The APCluster plugin implements a recent affinity propagation (AP) algorithm for graph clustering and can be applied to decompose networks into coherent modules. The NetworkEvolution plugin provides the capability to visualize selected modules in consecutive evolutionary stages.
Availability: The plugins, input data and usage scenarios are freely available from the project web site: http://bioputer.mimuw.edu.pl/modevo. The plugins are also available from the Cytoscape plugin repository.
Contact: janusz@ucsd.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Testing the ability of surface arrays to monitor microseismic activity
Authors: Chambers Kit , Kendall J.‐Michael , Brandsberg‐Dahl Sverre , Rueda Jose 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTRecently there has been much interest in the use of data from surface arrays in conjunction with migration‐based processing methods for passive seismic monitoring. In this study we use an example of this kind of data recorded whilst 18 perforation shots, with a variety of positions and propellant amounts, were detonated in the subsurface. As the perforation shots provide signals with known source positions and origin times, the analysis of these data is an invaluable opportunity to test the accuracy and ability of surface arrays to detect and locate seismic sources in the subsurface. In all but one case the signals from the perforation shots are not visible in the raw or preprocessed data. However, clear source images are produced for 12 of the perforation shots showing that arrays of surface sensors are capable of imaging microseismic events, even when the signals are not visible in individual traces. We find that point source locations are within typically 45 m (laterally) of the true shot location, however the depths are less well constrained (∼150 m). We test the sensitivity of our imaging method to the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the data using signals embedded in realistic noise. We find that the position of the imaged shot location is quite insensitive to the level of added noise, the primary effect of increased noise being to defocus the source image. Given the migration approach, the array geometry and the nature of coherent noise during the experiment, signals embedded in noise with ratios ≥0.1 can be used to successfully image events. Furthermore, comparison of results from data and synthetic signals embedded in noise shows that, in this case, prestack corrections of traveltimes to account for near‐surface structure will not enhance event detectability. Although, the perforation shots have a largely isotropic radiation pattern the results presented here show the potential for the use of surface sensors in microseismic monitoring as a viable alternative to classical downhole methods.