bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tine Cultivation Effects on Weed Control, Productivity, and Economics of Peanut under Organic Management
Authors: Wann D.Q. , Tubbs R.S. , Johnson W.C. , Smith A.R. , Smith N.B. , Culbreath A.K. , Davis J.W. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT
Identifying effective weed control regimes for organic peanut is paramount for improving the feasibility of organic production. Tine cultivation is a proven effective method for reducing in-row weed populations in several crops. Field trials were therefore conducted in 2008 and 2009 to assess the effects of tine cultivation combined with sweep cultivation and supplemental hand-weeding on weed control and overall productivity of two peanut cultivars under organic management. Tine cultivation regimes consisted of two frequencies (once per week or twice per week) for three durations (3 wk, 4 wk, or 5 wk). All cultivation treatments were also cultivated with flat sweeps at least once and hand-weeded periodically during the growing season. A non-cultivated, non-weeded control was included for comparison. All cultivation treatments significantly reduced annual grass populations in 2008 and Florida pusley populations both years. Cultivated treatments also resulted in denser plant stands for peanut (9.2 plants/m to 13.2 plants/m) than the non-cultivated control (5.9 plants/m to 7.9 plants/m). Pod yields in cultivated treatments ranged from 3502 kg/ha to 3823 kg/ha and were all significantly greater than yields in the non-cultivated control (1630 kg/ha). Also, net revenues generated by cultivated treatments ranged from ($3333/ha to $3637/ha) and were greater than that of the control ($1795/ha). Cultivation frequency had little effect on weed control and peanut productivity. However, the 4- and 5-wk durations displayed potential for improving peanut yield, grade, and net revenue over the 3-wk duration, especially when annual grass weeds were predominant. Cultivating once weekly for 4 or 5 wk with a tine cultivator, along with at least one sweep cultivation and supplemental hand-weeding, is a viable, economical option for providing adequate weed control and maximizing productivity of organically-managed peanut at current market premiums.
Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Conopholis americana (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Rodrigues Anuar G. , Colwell Alison E. L. , Stefanović Saša 
Published: December 2011

• Premise of the study: Conopholis americana is an obligate root parasite with highly reduced morphology. To investigate the population structure, genetic diversity, and mating system of this predominantly eastern North American species, we developed polymorphic microsatellite markers for C. americana.• Methods and Results: Using an enrichment cloning protocol, we report the isolation and characterization of 11 microsatellite markers. Product size varied from 198–370 bp. These loci show moderate levels of allelic variation (averaging 4.182 alleles per locus) and very low levels of heterozygosity (average observed heterozygosity = 0.054).• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers will be useful in obtaining estimates of population‐level genetic diversity and in phylogeographic studies of C. americana.
Anthropologie et roman. À propos des pères divorcés
Authors: Fine Agnès , Martial Agnès 
Published: December 2011

Résumé Transformant le roman américain contemporain [Banks, 1989 ; Ford 1990] en « terrain » ethnologique propre à mettre en signification le vécu de la paternité après le divorce, les auteures analysent, en écho aux travaux de sociologie et d’anthropologie nord-américains et français, deux parcours de père divorcé. Au sein de contextes sociaux très différents, elles explorent les relations complexes nouées entre paternité et conjugalité, et s’attachent à décrire, à l’appui du roman, la manière dont évoluent après la rupture, les relations des pères et des enfants : les nouvelles conditions d’exercice de la paternité après divorce, souvent réduit à un« droit de visite et d’hébergement », en font une relation parentale solitaire et discontinue, qui transforme et fragilise la paternité.
Cerebral venous thrombosis: diagnosis dilemma
Authors: Chiewvit Pipat , Piyapittayanan Siriwan , Poungvarin Niphon 
Published: December 2011

Cerebral venous thrombosis is increasing common disease in daily practice with sharing clinical nonspecific symptoms. This disorder is potentially lethal but treatable, oftenly it was overlooked in both clinical and radiologic in routine practice. Whenever, clinical suspected, prompt investigation by noninvasive imaging such as conventional technique of CT, MR or advanced modilities such as CTV, MRV will helpful in prompt diagnosis and treatment. These imaging modalities may reveal either direct sign( visualization of intraluminal clot) and indirect signs ( paranchymatous change, intracranial hemorrhage). By using of effective treatment will improve the prognosis of the patient. This review summarizes insights into etiology, incidence, imaging modalities and current of the treatment.<p> </p>
A Comparison of Questionnaire and Physiological Data in Predicting Future Chronic Disease Risk Factor Status in an Employee Population
Authors: Szymanski Linda , Pate Russell R. , Dowda Marsha , Blair Steven N. , Howe Henry G. , Parker Gwynne , Blair Aaron 
Published: December 2011

Background. The ideal screening tool for worksite health screening programs has not yet been identified, and the effectiveness of screening programs in predicting future chronic disease risk factors status is not well understood. This study compared two commonly used screening tools, health-related questionnaires and measurement of physiological parameters, in terms of their ability to predict future chronic disease risk factor status in an employee population. Methods. Data were collected over a 10-year period from Liberty Corporation employees (N = 723). Baseline evaluation included the administration of questionnaires and measurement of physiological data. Follow-up evaluation measured physiological data only. Regression analyses identified the statistically significant predictors of future risk factor status using 1) baseline questionnaire data; 2) baseline physiological data; and 3) both questionnaire and physiological data as predictor variables. Results. Although both screening methods were able to predict future risk factor status, R2 values were higher in models including baseline physiological measures than models including questionnaire data only. Adding questionnaire data to physiological data provided little or no additional predictive ability. Discussion. These results suggest that physiological data, particularly baseline measures of a risk factor, are more predictive of future risk factor status than questionnaire data.
Formative Research on Smoking Cessation Program Attributes Preferred by Smokers
Authors: Spoth Richard 
Published: December 2011

Background. This article reports formative research procedures used to identify smoking cessation program attributes preferred by smokers. A theoretical rationale and a program development framework are presented. Methods. Findings from a series of qualitative and small sample quantitative studies were used to evaluate smoker response to specific program materials, and to identify a comprehensive set of preferred smoking cessation program attributes. These findings guided the development of a telephone survey administered to a random sample of 205 smokers interested in quitting. Results. The 205 smokers completing telephone interviews frequently indicated preferences for program features having little to do with specific cessation methods used. Low demand on time, endorsements by medical authorities, relaxation instructions, weight control techniques, and a substantial research base were often cited as being most preferred. Overall, chisquare analyses provided minimal support for significant relationships between preferences and sociodemographic or smoking history variables. Discussion. The benefits of combining qualitative and quantitative research methods in cessation program development efforts are noted. Implications for further research are discussed, particularly those concerning multiattribute analysis of consumer preferences.
Past and Future Priorities in Health Promotion in the United States: A Survey of Experts
Authors: Miller Cheryl , Tricker Ray 
Published: December 2011

Background. The purpose of this study was to determine past and future priorities of the health promotion industry. Parameters included target markets, program staff, ethical issues, corporate programs, and program sites. Methods. This study focused on the predictive perceptions of 76 prominent health and fitness professionals. Participants completed an inventory designed to compare past and future practices in health promotion. The Wilcoxon rank-sign test was used to determine changes in perceived importance from past to future periods. Results. The most important markets in the future were women and the elderly. Predictions regarding staffing included an expected increase in staff size in many program settings, a high importance rating for marketers and health educators, and standardized training and certification for health promotion personnel. Many employers in the future were predicted to link medical care costs and reimbursements with lifestyle behaviors, support confidentiality of health status information, and offer voluntary participation in health promotion programs to all employees. Employers were also predicted to provide more healthful work environments. Discussion. Future success of these projected programs will depend upon administrative flexibility, creativity, and strategic planning.
Worksite Wellness Programs: Incremental Comparison of Screening and Referral Alone, Health Education, Follow-up Counseling, and Plant Organization
Authors: Erfurt John C , Foote Andrea , Heirich Max A. 
Published: December 2011

Background. Worksite wellness programs vary considerably in their design. This study tested four models to compare effectiveness at controlling high blood pressure, obesity, and cigarette smoking. Methods. Baseline screening was conducted in four manufacturing plants. Site 1 offered screening only, with referral recommendations for those found to have CVD risks. Site 2 also provided health education information and classes. Site 3 added routine follow-up counseling and a menu of intervention types, and Site 4 added social organization within the plant. Random samples of 400 to 500 employees were rescreened at the end of three years. Results. Major improvements in risk levels were found with the addition of routine follow-up counseling and a menu of interventions (Sites 3 and 4, compared with Sites 1 and 2). More hypertensives entered treatment and showed greater reductions in blood pressure. Participation in worksite weight loss and smoking cessation programs was significantly increased, and those who participated showed significantly better maintenance of improvements where follow-up was provided. Discussion. The program models that offered short-term interventions promoted through local media suffered in comparison with models that included personal outreach to people at risk, a variety of health improvement intervention modalities, and ongoing follow-up counseling to help people make decisions and sustain health improvements.
Short communication. Genetic diversity within Scorpiurus species from the Iberian Peninsula estimated using ITS DNA sequences
Authors: Visnevschi-Necrasov T. , Harris D. J. , Faria M. A. , Pereira G. , Nunes E. 
Published: December 2011

Scorpiurus muricatus and Scorpiurus vermiculatus have been proposed as possible subjects for breeding programs to improve their potential as forage crops. However, prior to this genetic diversity between these species and within distinct populations should be assessed. We estimated diversity between populations from the Iberian Peninsula using ITS 1 and ITS 2 nuclear DNA sequences. Twelve haplotypes from 25 individuals were determined, and a network of relationships produced. Our results indicate considerable haplotypic diversity, but no deep subdivisions either within S. muricatus or between the two species. This means that no potential barriers to the proposed breeding programs were identified.
Emerging Targeted Therapies for Lymphoid Malignancies
Authors: Pozdnyakova Olga , Kutok Jeffery L. , Rodig Scott J. 
Published: December 2011

Context.—Our understanding of molecular events in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies has evolved substantially. The research data gathered in the past 3 decades have led to the definition of neoplastic disorders based on specific genetic and molecular alterations, which is reflected in the current World Health Organization's classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Moreover, there have been dramatic successes in the development and implementation of therapies that specifically target the proteins and signaling cascades affected by tumor-specific genetic alterations.
Objective.—To review the development of select, novel therapies for lymphoid malignancies.
Data Sources.—We examine examples from the recent literature in targeting 4 major regulatory pathways: tyrosine kinase activation, transcription factor activity, apoptotic signaling, and histone acetylation in both preclinical models and early-stage (stage 1 and 2) clinical trials.
Conclusion.—Given the successes of novel compounds that target signaling pathways critical to the growth and survival of lymphoid tumor cells, the routine clinical use of molecularly targeted therapies for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies is likely in the near future.
Mesoporous Co3O4 and CoO@C Topotactically Transformed from Chrysanthemum‐like Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O and Their Lithium‐Storage Properties
Authors: Xiong Shenglin , Chen Jun Song , Lou Xiong Wen , Zeng Hua Chun 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this work, a novel hydrothermal route is developed to synthesize cobalt carbonate hydroxide, Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O. In this method, sodium chloride salt is utilized to organize single‐crystalline nanowires into a chrysanthemum‐like hierarchical assembly. The morphological evolution process of this organized product is investigated by examining different reaction intermediates during the synthesis. The growth and thus the final assembly of the Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O can be finely tuned by selecting preparative parameters, such as the molar ratio of the starting chemicals, the additives, the reaction time and the temperature. Using the flower‐like Co(CO3)0.5(OH)·0.11H2O as a solid precursor, quasi‐single‐crystalline mesoporous Co3O4 nanowire arrays are prepared via thermal decomposition in air. Furthermore, carbon can be added onto the spinel oxide by a chemical‐vapor‐deposition method using acetylene, which leads to the generation of carbon‐sheathed CoO nanowire arrays (CoO@C). Through comparing and analyzing the crystal structures, the resultant products and their high crystallinity can be explained by a sequential topotactic transformation of the respective precursors. The electrochemical performances of the typical cobalt oxide products are also evaluated. It is demonstrated that tuning of the surface texture and the pore size of the Co3O4 products is very important in lithium‐ion‐battery applications. The carbon‐decorated CoO nanowire arrays exhibit an excellent cyclic performance with nearly 100% capacity retention in a testing range of 70 cycles. Therefore, this CoO@C nanocomposite can be considered to be an attractive candidate as an anode material for further investigation.
Advantages of the Enhanced Opposite Direction Searching Algorithm for Computing the Centroid of An Interval Type‐2 Fuzzy Set
Authors: Hu Huaizhong , Wang Yong , Cai Yuanli 
Published: December 2011

AbstractComputing the centroid of an interval type‐2 fuzzy set (IT2 FS) is an important operation in a type‐2 fuzzy logic system (where it is called type‐reduction), but it is also a potentially time‐consuming operation. In this paper, an enhanced opposite direction searching (EODS) algorithm is presented for doing this. The EODS comes from an early version of the IT2 FS type‐reduction method called the opposite direction searching (ODS) algorithm, which has been proven faster than the most commonly used Enhanced Karnik‐Mendel (EKM) method. The EODS differs from the ODS in two high speed formulas for calculating the centroid endings. Quantitative analysis on the mathematical operations and comparisons performed by EODS, ODS, and EKM algorithms shows that EODS could save about 50% of the calculations and comparisons in relation to ODS. Compared with EKM, it could save about 67% to 80% of the calculations and comparisons. Simulation experiments have been performed to compare EODS with the ODS and EKM methods in terms of average CPU time. The experimental results validate the quantitative analysis.
Determination of the Nanoparticle Size Distribution in Media by Turbidimetric Measurements
Authors: Guschin V. , Becker W. , Eisenreich N. , Bendfeld A. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFor incorporation of nanoparticles into matrices, it is necessary to control the particle size distribution during processing. In this paper, a turbidimetric method was applied that uses spectroscopic data to determine the nanoparticle size distribution and, consequently, to control the material properties with a non‐contact measurement method. This method is based on the scattering and absorption of light by the particles. Unlike conventional turbidimetric methods, this method uses not only a few wavelengths but a whole spectral range for evaluation. To determine the distribution parameters, a nonlinear numerical least squares fit routine was established. It was validated by comparing data of water‐silica nanosuspensions with the results from the sedimentation method. The results show that this method is an accurate and easy‐to‐use analysis instrument for the characterization of nanosuspensions, emulsions, and aerosols.
Total Synthesis of a Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor of the Human Lymphocyte CD52 Antigen
Authors: Burgula Srinivas , Swarts Benjamin M. , Guo Zhongwu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe first total synthesis of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor bearing a polyunsaturated arachidonoyl fatty acid is reported. This lipid is found in mammalian GPIs that do not undergo lipid remodeling, a process that has important implications in the localization and function of GPI‐anchored proteins. Incorporation of the oxidation‐ and reduction‐sensitive arachidonoyl lipid in the target GPI was accomplished by using the para‐methoxybenzyl (PMB) group for permanent hydroxyl group protection, which featured a selective, rapid, and efficient global deprotection protocol. The flexibility of this synthetic strategy was further highlighted by the inclusion of two additional GPI core structural modifications present in the GPI anchor of the human lymphocyte CD52 antigen.
Reevaluation of Copper(I) Affinity for Amyloid‐β Peptides by Competition with Ferrozine—An Unusual Copper(I) Indicator
Authors: Alies Bruno , Badei Bertrand , Faller Peter , Hureau Christelle 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe association constant of ferrozine (5,6‐diphenyl‐3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazine‐4,4′′‐disulfonic acid) with CuI to form the chromophoric [CuI(Fz)2]3− complex was determined by UV/Vis titration experiments in Hepes buffer (0.1 m, pH 7.4). An association constant close to 1012 M−2, which is significantly weaker than those of the well‐known, water‐soluble, CuI chelators bicinchoninic acid and 2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenantroline disulfonic acid, was found. The [CuI(Fz)2]3− chromophore was used in UV/Vis competition experiments to determine CuI binding affinity for the amyloid‐β peptide involved in Alzheimer’s disease and for a series of pertinent mutants. An association constant of approximately 107 M−1 was found; this is much weaker than that reported for dithiothreitol and confirms that imidazoles are harder ligands than thiolates. Each His mutation (H6A, H13A, and H14A) impacts the peptide affinity for CuI. The native human amyloid‐β peptide was found to be a fourfold‐stronger CuI ligand than the murine peptide, which differs by three point mutations (R5G, Y10F, and H13R) from the human one.
On the design of multiband transmission functions synthesized by one wave digital lattice structure
Authors: Yaseen M. 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYIn this contribution, the design of multiband transmission functions is considered. Independent and arbitrary number of bands can be designed. Moreover, the whole transmission function is synthesized by one wave digital lattice structure. The approximation process starts by extracting the scattering matrix properties of multiband reference lattice structures. Consequently, the approximation problem reduces to generating a polynomial Q of degree n, which is the degree of the filter. The degree n is depending on the number of the designed bands. Hence, if the number of bands is even, n will be odd, and if the number of bands is odd, n will be even. The polynomial Q will approximate the difference phase function of the two branch polynomials. It is composed of two subpolynomials, one of them is Hurwitz and the other is anti‐Hurwitz. The degrees of these subpolynomials differ by odd number if the number of bands is even and differ by even number if the number of bands is odd. Q is generated according to iterative interpolation and using explicit recursive formulas. After obtaining Q, the two subpolynomials are calculated and the two branch all‐pass functions are constructed. Consequently, the filter is synthesized in the digital frequency domain. The method is applied through an illustrative example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Pincer Pyridine Diphosphite Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium
Authors: Rubio Miguel , Suárez Andrés , Vega Esmeralda , Álvarez Eleuterio , Díez Josefina , Gamasa M. Pilar , Pizzano Antonio 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel pyridine diphosphite ligand 1 has been described. From this ligand, rhodium– and iridium–chlorido complexes of formula [MCl(1)] (M = Rh, Ir) have been prepared. Chloride abstraction by treatment with NaBPh4 and a phosphane produced the corresponding cationic phosphane derivatives [M(1)L][BPh4] [L = PPh3 (Rh, Ir), PPh2Me (Ir)]. The analogous reaction of [RhCl(1)] with CNXy (Xy = 2,6‐Me2‐C6H3) and NaBPh4 yielded the monosubstituted complex [Rh(1)(CNXy)][BPh4], whereas the reaction between [IrCl(1)] and isonitriles led to the disubstituted complexes [Ir(1)(L)2][BPh4] (L = CNBn, CNCy). Ethylene compound [Rh(1)(C2H4)][BPh4] was obtained from the reaction of [RhCl(1)] with NaBPh4 under ethylene, whereas [Ir(1)(C2H4)][BPh4] was synthesized by a treatment of [{IrCl(COE)2}2] with ethylene followed by addition of 1 and NaBPh4. An IR analysis of the isocyanide complexes indicates a very poor π‐donor ability of the [M(1)]+ fragment, therefore the isocyanide metal bond is mostly due to σ donation from the isocyanide. Characterization by X‐ray crystallography of [Rh(1)(PPh3)][BPh4], [Rh(1)(MeCN)][BPh4] and [Ir(1)(PPh2Me)][BPh4] displays a square‐planar structure with ligand 1 coordinated in a pincer fashion for these complexes. In addition, the ethylene derivative [Rh(1)(C2H4)][BPh4] shows a near in‐plane conformation of the ethylene ligand, with a short C–C distance (1.319 Å). Moreover, in all the structures, the diphosphite ligand exhibits a meso conformation irrespective of the size of the neutral ancillary ligand. An examination of the behaviour of some of these complexes in catalytic hydrogenation has shown that [IrCl(1)] is an active catalyst in the reduction of 2‐methylquinoline and 2‐methylquinoxaline.