bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agronomic performance of F1, F2 and F3 hybrids between weedy rice and transgenic glufosinate‐resistant rice
Authors: Song Xiaoling , Wang Zhou , Qiang Sheng 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Studies of hybrid fitness, of which agronomic performance may be an indicator, can help in evaluating the potential for introgression of a transgene from a transgenic crop to wild relatives. The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic performance of reciprocal hybrids between two transgenic glufosinate‐resistant rice lines, Y0003 and 99‐t, and two weedy rice accessions, WR1 and WR2, in the greenhouse.RESULTS: F1 hybrids displayed heterosis in height, flag leaf area and number of spikelets per panicle. The agronomic performance of F1 between WR1 and Y0003 was not affected by crossing direction. The tiller and panicle numbers of F1 individuals were higher than their F2 counterparts. However, these traits did not change significantly from the F2 to the F3 generation or in hybrids with weedy rice as maternal or paternal plants. For all hybrids, the in vitro germination rates of fresh pollen were similar and significantly lower than those of their parents, seed sets were similar to or of lower value than those of weedy rice parents and seed shattering characteristics were partially suppressed, but the survival of hybrids over winter in the field was similar to that of weedy rice parents. All F1, F2 and F3 hybrids had similar composite agronomic performance to weedy rice parents.CONCLUSION: There was no significant decrease in the composite agronomic performance of any of the hybrids compared with weedy rice. This implies that gene flow from transgenic cultivated rice to weedy rice could occur under natural conditions. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Controllability of switching networks of multi‐agent systems
Authors: Liu Bo , Chu Tianguang , Wang Long , Zuo Zhiqiang , Chen Guanrong , Su Housheng 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the controllability of a switching network of multi‐agent systems with a leader obeying nearest‐neighbor communication rules. The leader is a particular agent acting as an external input to control other member agents. Some computationally efficient sufficient conditions for such multi‐agent systems to be controllable are derived. The results show that a multi‐agent system can be controllable even if each of its subsystem is not controllable, by appropriately selecting one of the agents as the leader and suitably designing the neighbor‐interaction rules via a switching topology. The fixed topology case is analyzed and new controllability conditions and formula of inputs for the desired formation of the network are presented. The controllability of a switching network of multi‐agent systems in the presence of communication delay is also investigated. Examples with numerical simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanically Stacked 1‐nm‐Thick Carbon Nanosheets: Ultrathin Layered Materials with Tunable Optical, Chemical, and Electrical Properties
Authors: Nottbohm Christoph T. , Turchanin Andrey , Beyer André , Stosch Rainer , Gölzhäuser Armin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractCarbon nanosheets are mechanically stable, free‐standing two‐dimensional materials with a thickness of ≈1 nm and well defined physical and chemical properties. They are made by radiation‐induced cross‐linking of aromatic self‐assembled monolayers. Herein, a route is presented to the scalable fabrication of multilayer nanosheets with tunable electrical, optical, and chemical properties on insulating substrates. Stacks of up to five nanosheets with sizes of ≈1 cm2 on oxidized silicon are studied. Their optical characteristics are investigated by visual inspection, optical microscopy, UV–vis reflection spectroscopy, and model calculations. Their chemical composition is studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The multilayer samples are then annealed in an ultrahigh vacuum at various temperatures up to 1100 K. A subsequent investigation by Raman, X‐ray photoelectron, and UV–vis reflection spectroscopy, as well as by electrical four‐point probe measurements, demonstrates that the layered nanosheets transform into nanocrystalline graphene. This structural and chemical transformation is accompanied by changes in the optical properties and electrical conductivity and opens up a new path for the fabrication of ultrathin functional conductive coatings.
JMP statistical discovery software
Authors: Jones Bradley , Sall John 
Published: March 2011

AbstractJMP is a statistical software environment that enables scientists, engineers, and business analysts to make discoveries through data exploration. One powerful method for beginning the process of discovery employs statistically designed experiments. A well‐designed experiment ensures that the resulting data have large information content. We support this method with custom design, an innovative approach to the statistical design of experiments. But whether your results come from designed experiments or from an observational study, we provide analytical tools that put graphs up front. JMP's graphical user interface (GUI) makes these plots interactive and dynamically linked to each other and to the data. Moreover, in the design of JMP's user interface the priority was to make a smooth and natural workflow for data analysis. Notice how the data exploration flows in the following case study that investigates the relationship between life expectancy and health‐care spending for 166 countries. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 188–194 DOI: 10.1002/wics.162This article is categorized under:

Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software
Monte Carlo simulation code for confocal 3D micro‐beam X‐ray fluorescence analysis of stratified materials
Authors: Czyzycki Mateusz , Wegrzynek Dariusz , Wrobel Pawel , Lankosz Marek 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStratified materials are of great importance for many branches of modern industry, e.g. electronics or optics and for biomedical applications. Examination of chemical composition of individual layers and determination of their thickness helps to get information on their properties and function. A confocal 3D micro X‐ray fluorescence (3D µXRF) spectroscopy is an analytical method giving the possibility to investigate 3D distribution of chemical elements in a sample with spatial resolution in the micrometer regime in a non‐destructive way. Thin foils of Ti, Cu and Au, a bulk sample of Cu and a three‐layered sandwich sample, made of two thin Fe/Ni alloy foils, separated by polypropylene, were used as test samples. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation code for the determination of elemental concentrations and thickness of individual layers in stratified materials with the use of confocal 3D µXRF spectroscopy was developed. The X‐ray intensity profiles versus the depth below surface, obtained from 3D µXRF experiments, MC simulation and an analytical approach were compared. Correlation coefficients between experimental versus simulated, and experimental versus analytical model X‐ray profiles were calculated. The correlation coefficients were comparable for both methods and exceeded 99%. The experimental X‐ray intensity profiles were deconvoluted with iterative MC simulation and by using analytical expression. The MC method produced slightly more accurate elemental concentrations and thickness of successive layers as compared to the results of the analytical approach. This MC code is a robust tool for simulation of scanning confocal 3D µXRF experiments on stratified materials and for quantitative interpretation of experimental results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel portable XRF spectrometer with range of detection extended to low‐Z elements
Authors: Migliori A. , Bonanni P. , Carraresi L. , Grassi N. , Mandò P. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractX‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is one of the most widely used techniques for material analysis in the field of cultural heritage, thanks to its non‐destructive and multi‐elemental character and also to the possibility of using portable instrumentations. The need of compact systems for in situ analyses results generally in a worse, more limited performance: the detection of low‐Z elements is the most affected aspect. In this article, we present a custom‐realised portable XRF spectrometer developed in Florence at the LABEC laboratory of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), in collaboration with ICVBC of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). The system features a high efficiency for a wide range of elements, even at low Z (down to sodium), thanks to the use of two tubes with different anodes and to the presence of a continuous helium flow in front of the tubes and the detector, in order to enhance transmission of both primary and characteristic X‐rays. After a detailed description of the spectrometer, the experimental characterisation of its performance is presented: efficiency curves obtained from the analysis of thin standards are reported, together with minimum detection limits for some elements in a thick target of medium‐low density matrix. Examples of measurements, which demonstrate the capability and effectiveness of this spectrometer, are also reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Superfine Expanded Graphite with Large Capacity for Lithium Storage
Authors: Kaskhedikar Nitin A. , Cui Guanglei , Maier Joachim , Fedorov Vladimir , Makotchenko Victor , Simon Arndt 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA superfine expanded graphite (s‐EG) fiber material was investigated as an anode material for lithium‐based batteries. The fibers were prepared by decomposition of dicarbon monofluoride‐intercalated graphite. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images showed the fiber thickness in range of 2–3 nm with several microns in length. Lithium storage capacity in this material was measured in lithium half cells. High lithium storage capacity of about 1000 mAh·g–1 at a rate of C/10, corresponding to Li3C6 composition was obtained. The material showed fairly good rate capability exhibiting lithium storage capabilities even at 60C. As a effect of ball milling, the s‐EG showed crystallographic ordering in the sample with reduced the lithium storage capacity corresponding to composition of LiC6. A simple mathematical relation to account for the excess lithium storage capacity in this material is put forward.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Thermal Behaviors of Two New Metallo‐Organically Templated Pentaborates
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Yu , Zhu Jiang , Liu Rui‐Bin , Xu Jun , Meng Chang‐Gong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTwo new cadmium borates, [Cd(en)3][B5O6(OH)4]2·2H2O (en = ethylenediamine) (1) and [Cd(DETA)2][B5O6(OH)4]2 (DETA = diethylenetriamine) (2) were synthesized in a novel procedure under mild solvothermal conditions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and TG–DTA. The compound 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/c (No. 14) with a = 8.526(2) Å, b = 23.127(6) Å, c = 15.438(4) Å, β = 94.320(3) °, V = 3035.5(13) Å3, Z = 4. Compound 2 is triclinic, space group P$\bar{1}$ (No. 2), a = 8.632(5) Å, b = 9.418(6) Å, c = 27.856(18) Å, α = 95.415(8) °, β = 91.891(7) °, γ = 93.563 (7) °, V = 2248(2) Å3, Z = 3. The anionic units of the both structures, [B5O6(OH)4]– are linked by hydrogen bonds to form a three‐dimensional framework with large channels, in which the templating cadmium complex cations are located. The thermal decomposition performance of compound 1 requires three steps, whereas only two steps are needed for compound 2, which all lead to amorphous phases. These processes are well explained considering the structure and the change in the Cd2+ coordination during heating.
A case of cesarean scar ectopic: a rare but important form of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Kim Daniel J. , Welch Mila , Kendall John L. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract

Introduction
This is a case of a 35-year-old G4P3 female with history of one prior cesarean section who presented to the emergency department with vaginal bleeding. She was found to be pregnant, and an ultrasound identified a cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy.

Methods
This is a case report and brief review of the literature.

Conclusion
Cesarean scar ectopic is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy that implants within the myometrium at the site of a prior cesarean section scar. It carries the potential for serious maternal morbidity and mortality, including complications like uterine rupture, life-threatening hemorrhage, and need for hysterectomy. All sonographers who scan patients in first-trimester pregnancy should be aware of the criteria to diagnose this entity, as cesarean scar ectopic can otherwise be confused with cervicoisthmic pregnancy or spontaneous abortion in progress.
Disability Among Native-born and Foreign-born Blacks in the United States
Authors: Elo Irma T. , Mehta Neil K. , Huang Cheng 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Using the 5% Public Use Micro Data Sample (PUMS) from the 2000 U.S. census, we examine differences in disability among eight black subgroups distinguished by place of birth and Hispanic ethnicity. We found that all foreign-born subgroups reported lower levels of physical activity limitations and personal care limitations than native-born blacks. Immigrants from Africa reported lowest levels of disability, followed by non-Hispanic immigrants from the Caribbean. Sociodemographic characteristics and timing of immigration explained the differences between these two groups. The foreign-born health advantage was most evident among the least-educated except among immigrants from Europe/Canada, who also reported the highest levels of disability among the foreign-born. Hispanic identification was associated with poorer health among both native-born and foreign-born blacks.
Petrogenesis of Cenozoic mafic–ultramafic alkaline lavas from the Tigris volcanic field, NE Syria
Authors: ABDEL-RAHMAN ABDEL-FATTAH M. , LEASE NANCY A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMafic–ultramafic Quaternary lava flows form the Tigris volcanic field (covering 1750 km2) at the northeastern tip of Syria and extend into Turkey. This volcanic field occurs between the Euphrates graben and the Bitlis–Zagros collision suture that forms the boundary between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. The rocks are made up of labradorite, clinopyroxene, olivine and opaque phases. The Tigris lavas are compositionally restricted to basanites and alkali basalts, having a narrow range of major element compositions (SiO2, 42.2–48.2 wt%; MgO, 5.7–9.0 wt%, with Mg numbers ranging from 0.51 to 0.62; TiO2, 1.7–3.2 wt%), and are alkaline in nature. The rocks are enriched in HFS elements such as Zr (119–231 ppm), Nb (14–43 ppm) and Y (17–22 ppm). The REE patterns are strongly fractionated ((La/Yb)N= 10.6), indicative of a garnet-bearing source. The143Nd/144Nd isotopic compositions range from 0.512803 to 0.512908, and87Sr/86Sr from 0.70327 to 0.70403 (εNd= 3.2–5.3) suggesting strong affinities to ocean island basalts. Modelling using a variety of mantle source materials and different degrees of partial melting indicates that the magma was produced by a small degree of batch partial melting (F = 1.5%) of a primitive, garnet-lherzolite fertile mantle source. The overall petrological/chemical nature supports this interpretation. Shear heating at the base of the lithospheric mantle of the northern boundary of the Arabian plate, caused by a change in plate motion as the Arabian plate moved in a more easterly direction during the Plio-Quaternary, could represent a possible source of the heat necessary for partial fusion and magma generation. Adiabatic decompression and melting represents a more likely process for the generation of the Tigris magma. Elemental ratios such as K/P (4.6), La/Ta (12), La/Nb (0.90), Nb/Y (1.22) and Th/Nb (0.09) indicate that the magma was subjected to minimal crustal contamination.
Refining the ‘cucumber’ technique for laryngeal biopsy
Authors: Robertson S , Cooper L , McPhaden A , MacKenzie K 
Published: March 2011

AbstractObjectives:To refine the case selection process for the ‘cucumber’ mounting system for laryngeal biopsies.Methods:We conducted a retrospective audit of cucumber technique specimens taken between January 2002 and December 2008. We analysed the clinical indications for biopsy and the pathological diagnosis, for each specimen, in order to inform our case selection process.Results:The cucumber technique was used for 125 laryngeal specimens. 60 specimens were taken for diagnostic sampling, 46 were taken during endoscopic laser resection, and 19 for overtly benign pathology. The cucumber technique was most useful for the interpretation of margins in endoscopic laser resection specimens.Conclusion:The cucumber technique is most useful for endoscopic resection cases in which tumour, dysplasia or suspicious lesions have been excised. Detailed information on resection margins is invaluable during multidisciplinary team discussions on patient management. Detailed photography of mounted specimens enables both laryngologist and pathologist to orientate and interpret specimens accurately.
Assessing Q fever in a representative sample from the United States population: identification of a potential occupational hazard
Authors: WALSH M. G. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYQ fever has been associated with exposure to domesticated livestock and the agricultural industry. However large population-based studies examining the relationship are lacking. This report sought to describe the association betweenCoxiella burnetiiinfection and participation in agricultural work in the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that agricultural workers were six times more likely to have antibody evidence ofC. burnetiiinfection than those employed in other occupations (odds ratio 6·5, 95% confidence interval 1·7–25·3). These findings suggest that agricultural workers may experience greaterC. burnetiiinfection and emphasize an important need for more detailed study of people engaged in this work.
Rainfall, household crowding, and acute respiratory infections in the tropics
Authors: MURRAY E. L. , KLEIN M. , BRONDI L. , McGOWAN J. E. , VAN MELS C. , BROOKS W. A. , KLEINBAUM D. , GOSWAMI D. , RYAN P. B. , BRIDGES C. B. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYAcute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of death worldwide in children aged <5 years, and understanding contributing factors to their seasonality is important for targeting and implementing prevention strategies. In tropical climates, ARI typically peak during the pre-rainy and rainy seasons. One hypothesis is that rainfall leads to more time spent indoors, thus increasing exposure to other people and in turn increasing the risk of ARI. A case-crossover study design in 718 Bangladeshi children aged <5 years was used to evaluate this hypothesis. During a 3-month period with variable rainfall, rainfall was associated with ARI [odds ratio (OR) 2·97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·87–4·70]; some evidence of an increased strength of association as household crowding increased was found (⩾3 people/room, OR 3·31, 95% CI 2·03–5·38), but there was a lack of association in some of the most crowded households (⩾5 to <6 people/room, OR 1·55, 95% CI 0·54–4·47). These findings suggest that rainfall may be increasing exposure to crowded conditions, thus leading to an increased risk of ARI, but that additional factors not captured by this analysis may also play a role.
A quantitative approach to analyse linkages between antimicrobial resistance properties inSalmonellaTyphimurium isolates
Authors: RUDDAT I. , SCHWARZ S. , TIETZE E. , ZIEHM D. , KREIENBROCK L. 
Published: March 2011

SUMMARYThis study used statistical methods to investigate linkages in phenotypic resistance profiles in a population sample of 321SalmonellaTyphimurium isolates from sporadic salmonellosis cases in Lower Saxony, Germany, collected during 2008–2010. A resistance index was applied to calculate the conditional probability of resistance to one antimicrobial agent given the resistance to one or more other antimicrobial agent(s). A susceptibility index was defined analogously. A contingency plot, which visualizes the association between resistances to two antimicrobial agents, facilitated the interpretation. Linkages between minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were analysed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and jittered scatter plots. Applying these methods provided a compact description of multi-resistance and linkages between resistance properties in large datasets. Moreover, this approach will improve monitoring of antimicrobial resistance dynamics of bacteria in human or animal populations by identifying linked resistance to antimicrobial agents (cross- or co-resistance) with a non-molecular method.
Matrix-Mediated Biomineralization in Marine Mollusks: A Combined Transmission Electron Microscopy and Focused Ion Beam Approach
Authors: Saunders Martin , Kong Charlie , Shaw Jeremy A. , Clode Peta L. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe teeth of the marine molluskAcanthopleura hirtosaare an excellent example of a complex, organic, matrix-mediated biomineral, with the fully mineralized teeth comprising layers of iron oxide and iron oxyhydroxide minerals around a calcium apatite core. To investigate the relationship between the various mineral layers and the organic matrix fibers on which they grew, sections have been prepared from specific features in the teeth at controlled orientations using focused ion beam processing. Compositional and microstructural details of heterophase interfaces, and the fate of the organic matrix fibers within the mineral layers, can then be analyzed by a range of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Energy-filtered TEM highlights the interlocking nature of the various mineral phases, while high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM imaging demonstrates that the organic matrix continues to exist in the fully mineralized teeth. These new insights into the structure of this complex biomaterial are an important step in understanding the relationship between its structural and physical properties and may help explain its high strength and crack-resistance behavior.