bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE FREQUENCY OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE TREATED WITH ORAL DIURETICS
Authors: Kutti Jack , Weinfeld Aleksander 
Published: August 2010

Abstract The occurrence of asymptomatic thrombocytopenia in patients with heart disease during treatment with oral diuretics has been investigated. The study is retrospective and comprises an analysis of 244 consecutive cases admitted to a cardiological ward during a period of six months. A platelet count below 100 times 103/mm3 was regarded as indicative of thrombocytopenia. In the control group (93 subjects) four cases and in the diuretic group (71 subjects) 19 cases with thrombocytopenia were found. Of the remaining 80 subjects seven had thrombocytopenia, six of whom had had oral diuretics.Concomitant administration of other drugs such as quinidine or digitoxin could not account for the difference between the control group and the group treated with oral diuretics. In the diuretic group right heart failure and enlargement of the heart was, however, more prevalent. It is concluded that in patients with heart failure there is a considerable risk of the development of thrombocytopenia during treatment with oral diuretics.
PULMONARY FUNCTION IN FORMER ENDURANCE ATHLETES
Authors: Pyörälä K. , Heinonen A. O. , Karvonen M. J. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Pulmonary function was studied in 57 former champion endurance runners or cross‐country skiers. A control group of 53 non‐athletes of the same age was submitted to a similar study. Although the results of various pulmonary function tests in the total groups were also compared, the main emphasis was laid upon the comparison of pulmonary function in 28 “healthy” controls and 37 “healthy” athletes who were free from detectable cardiovascular, respiratory or other significant disease.The former athletes differed from the control subjects by having a larger vital capacity (VC) and total lung capacity (TLC). Residual volume (RV) and functional residual capacity (FRC), as well as RV/TLC × 100 and FRC/TLC × 100, were slightly but significantly greater in athletes than in controls.Maximum voluntary ventilation (MVVF) tended to be greater in athletes than in control subjects. Forced expiratory volume in 1.5 sec as a percentage of VC (FEV%) was approximately similar in controls and athletes.Pulmonary diffusing capacity (DL,CO) at rest was markedly greater in athletes than in control subjects.MVVF showed a significant negative correlation to age in healthy controls and athletes. Although the values for MVVF tended to be higher in athletes than in controls, the difference in the level of the regression lines to age was not significant and the slopes of the regression lines in the two groups did not differ significantly. FEV% was negatively correlated to age in healthy athletes but not in control subjects. A significant negative correlation was also observed between DL,CO and age in healthy athletes but not in controls.DL,CO showed a significant positive correlation to VC in healthy control subjects, and in healthy athletes the correlation between these two parameters almost reached statistical significance. In athletes a significant positive correlation was observed between DL,CO at rest and maximum oxygen uptake predicted on the basis of heart rate response to a submaximal work load. In control subjects the correlation between DL,CO and maximum oxygen uptake was not statistically significant. MVVF also showed a significant positive correlation to maximum oxygen uptake in athletes but not in control subjects.
COMPLIANCE IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Bäcklund Lars , Irnell Lars 
Published: August 2010

Abstract In a series of patients with bronchial asthma, studied in free intervals, the lung compliance was determined both on quiet, spontaneous respiration and on respiration at a frequency of 40 per minute. The effect of bronchodilatation (inhalation of isopropyl noradrenaline sulphate) on compliance was also studied.The compliance values on quiet respiration were distributed both within and outside (mainly below) the limits previously reported as normal. Hyperventilation caused a reduction of lung compliance. Bronchodilatation gave an increase of compliance both on spontaneous respiration and on hyperventilation.Correlation calculations were performed in order to study the relationship between compliance and certain case‐history data or the results of different lung function tests.
CLINICAL AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PROSTAGLANDIN E1 IN MAN
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Ekelund Lars‐Göran , Orö Lars 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was infused intravenously into eight healthy male subjects. The dose was successively increased to the maximal tolerable dose and varied from 0.032 to 0.58 μg/kg/min. When the lower doses were given there were either no clinical effects or only a flushing of the face. When the dose was increased the flushing generally became more intensive and extended to other parts of the body, mainly the arms and hands. In some of the subjects the flushing diminished and even changed to pallor with the highest doses of PGE1. All subjects complained of headache which usually became severe. In one of them the headache was unilateral and accompanied by visual symptoms. All subjects developed cramps in the upper part of the abdomen, which generally became so severe that the administration of PGE1 had to be stopped. Several of the subjects also felt sore in other parts of the body such as the back and legs. The various symptoms disappeared within 15–30 min after the end of the infusion.The arterial levels of free fatty acids in blood plasma increased in all subjects. In several subjects the rise was discontinuous and in two of them a decrease in the level of FFA was seen. The FFA response to PGE1 was neither related to administered dose nor to clinical effects. Turnover rate studies with labelled palmitic acid showed that the plasma FFA changes were mainly caused by variations in the rate of mobilization of FFA into blood. The plasma levels of glycerol showed the same type of response to PGE1 as the FFA levels. No significant changes in blood glucose were seen in the seven subjects who were fasting. In one subject who had had breakfast there was a rapid fall in the concentration of blood glucose.
THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SOME INDIAN AND INDONESIAN BLADDER STONES
Authors: Rokkones Torgeir , Andersen D. A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Examination of 70 bladder stones from India and Indonesia seems to show that a large number of them arise with a primary formation of a small ammonium hydrogen urate stone. This is particularly pronounced in the bladder stones from boys, 14 of 17 “nuclei+Zone 1” being of this composition. Further research on the etiology of these stones should thus be directed toward the uric acid metabolism and excretion in children in the areas where the stones are endemic.It has been shown that magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate is of relatively frequent occurrence in these bladder stones, and that this mineral has a characteristic location in relation to magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate.There is a marked excess of calcium oxalate monohydrate in relation to the dihydrate, and apatite is found more rarely than in European stones.
COUMARIN ANTICOAGULANT REQUIREMENT IN RELATION TO SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE LEVEL
Authors: Pyörälä Kalevi , Nikkilä Esko A. , Vuopio Pekka , Myllylä Gunnar 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe relationship of warfarin requirement to serum cholesterol and triglyceride level was studied in 91 patients, who were on a well stabilized long‐term anticoagulant therapy. In male patients a significant positive correlation was observed between warfarin requirement and serum cholesterol level. A similar trend was observed in female patients, although the correlation did not reach statistical significance. No correlation was present between warfarin requirement and serum triglyceride level.The concentration of warfarin in the plasma 14–15 hours after the preceding warfarin dose was determined in the 91 patients on long‐term warfarin therapy. The plasma warfarin level varied from 0.5 to 6.2 mg per liter with a median value of 2.0 mg per liter. When a serum cholesterol value of 300 mg/100 ml was chosen as a dividing line between normocholesteremia and hypercholesteremia, the median “therapeutic” plasma warfarin level was found to be somewhat higher in hypercholesteremic patients than in normocholesteremic patients.The wide range of individual variation in the “therapeutic” plasma warfarin level indicates that, in addition to the individual variation in the rate of warfarin metabolism, there are considerable individual differences acting at the level of the receptor site for coumarin drugs.The plasma warfarin half‐life was determined in 37 subjects. The mean half‐life of warfarin was 35.6 hours (S.D. 19.1 hours). The range of individual variation was from 10 to 90 hours. There was no correlation between the half‐life of warfarin and serum cholesterol or triglyceride level.The duration of the depression of the prothrombin complex clotting factors after a single warfarin dose was shorter in hypercholesteremic than in normocholesteremic subjects, when related to the half‐life of warfarin in the plasma. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is that a greater amount of vitamin K is available at the receptor site for coumarin drugs in hypercholesteremic subjects. The results support the hypothesis that hypercholesteremia may be associated with increased levels of vitamin K in the plasma and liver.
EFFECT OF A SINGLE DOSE OF NICOTINIC ACID ON PLASMA LIPIDS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA
Authors: Carlson Lars A. , Orö Lars , östman Jan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Eleven patients with uncomplicated ischemic cardiovascular diseases and moderate hyperlipoproteinemia were studied for 6 hours after the administration of one gram of placebo and two days later one gram of nicotinic acid.Plasma levels of free fatty acids were significantly depressed by nicotinic acid as compared to the control study during the first three hours after administration. Then, however, there was a pronounced rebound of FFA. The concentration of glycerol in plasma followed the same pattern as the free fatty acids.The values for cholesterol in plasma remained unchanged during the six‐hour period in both the placebo and the nicotinic acid study. While the level of triglycerides as well was unchanged in the placebo study, the concentration of triglycerides decreased significantly 4 and 6 hours after the administration of nicotinic acid.The concentration of blood glucose was not significantly different in the two groups during the study.The concentration of free nicotinic acid in plasma reached a peak value 30 to 60 minutes after nicotinic acid was taken by mouth. At 5–6 hours the level had returned to pretreatment values. The values for the plasma levels of free nicotinic acid and free fatty acids indicated that a concentration of nicotinic acid above 1 μg/ml plasma is needed to maintain low free fatty acid levels.The interrelation between free fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol in plasma is discussed. The results from these studies are compatible with the hypothesis that acute inhibition of FFA mobilization reduces the concentration of plasma triglycerides but not plasma cholesterol. They do not explain the mechanism behind the cholesterol‐lowering effect of nicotinic acid seen after chronic administration.
SERUM CALCIUM AND SERUM PHOSPHORUS IN URAEMIA DURING ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM PHYTATE AND ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE
Authors: Friis Th. , Hahnemann S. , Weeke E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Serum calcium, serum phosphorus, urinary calcium, the percental tubular re‐absorption of phosphorus (TRP%), and the phosphate excretion index (PEI) were studied in 15 patients with uraemia and in ten normal persons. With increasing degrees of uraemia the authors found a decreasing serum calcium, a rising serum phosphorus, a decreasing urinary calcium and TRP% as well as a rising PEI.It should be emphasized that patients with very slight renal failure (creatinine clearance >40 ml/min) showed significantly lower serum phosphorus levels than did the control group, that the serum calcium fell before the serum phosphorus rose as compared with the control group when the renal failure increased, that the urinary calcium fell even in very mild renal failure, while the TRP% and PEI did not alter until the creatinine clearance fell below 40 ml/min.For the purpose of ascertaining whether the reduction of serum calcium in uraemia is due to a reduced sensitivity to the parathyroid hormone in respect of the absorption of bone or to a possible latent hypoparathyroidism in the presence of a normal serum calcium, the sodium phytate test was used (binding of calcium in the intestine). Furthermore, aluminium hydroxide was administered (binding of phosphorus in the intestinal tract) for the purpose of elucidating whether the reduced serum calcium was due to an increased serum level of phosphorus. The sodium phytate test did not give evidence of a latent hypoparathyroidism or an altered sensitivity of the bones to the parathyroid hormone. Administration of aluminium hydroxide revealed that serum calcium, when reduced, rose to almost normal values, while at the same time serum phosphorus fell. This indicates that the reduced serum calcium is due, partially at least, to the elevated serum phosphorus in these patients. It was also demonstrated that even patients with mild uraemia having a normal serum phosphorus exhibited a greater fall of serum phosphorus than normal patients during the administration of aluminium hydroxide. This indicates a reduced renal ability to preserve phosphate.
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE OF HUMAN BONE MARROW IN THE STUDY OF HAEMOPOIESIS
Authors: Hansen Niels Ebbe , Andersen Vagn 
Published: August 2010

Abstract In two groups of patients, one without haematological disease and one with various haemolytic anaemias, total LDH activities and LDH isoenzyme patterns were determined in bone marrow plasma, in extracts of nucleated cells from the bone marrow, and in blood plasma.In haematologically normal persons LDH activity in marrow plasma was several times the activity found in blood plasma. The isoenzyme distribution in marrow nucleated cells showed a predominance of isoenzyme 3, corresponding to the pattern of immature cells, whereas marrow plasma showed a predominance of isoenzymes 2 and 3. Since this shift is towards the isoenzyme pattern of erythrocytes and away from the pattern of granulocytes, it suggests that more enzyme is liberated from erythrocyte than from granulocyte precursors during cell maturation.In most of the haemolytic anaemias examined, LDH activity in blood plasma was elevated. The activity in marrow plasma did not differ from the control group. This is taken as evidence that intramedullary haemolysis was not important in these states. The increased erythropoiesis was reflected in the isoenzyme distribution which showed a shift towards the anodic isoenzymes.In the only case of myeloid hyperplasia examined the activity of the cathodic isoenzymes which are characteristic of granulocytes was so high as to suggest intramedullary destruction of granulocytic cells.
STUDIES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Mabeck C. E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Bacterial counts of successively collected midstream urines and of urine obtained by suprapubic needle aspiration are compared. Bacterial counts in 29% of the patients with bacteriuria showed fewer than 105 organisms per ml. It is concluded that, with regard to the number of organisms, no definite boundary exists between contamination and counts indicating bacteriuria with sufficient certainty.More than 105 bacteria per ml in two consecutive midstream specimens, or more than 106 in a single specimen, indicates bacteriuria. If fewer than 104 organisms per ml are found in a single concentrated clean‐voided urine specimen, bacteriuria may be excluded. Bacterial counts in the range of 105 to 106 in a single mid‐stream specimen from a woman do not permit a diagnosis of bacteriuria with sufficient certainty.
STUDIES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Mabeck C. E. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Coagulase‐negative staphylococci were found in the urine of 14% of 193 non‐pregnant women between the ages of 16 and 65 with significant bacteriuria. The leucocyte excretion rate in the urine of these patients was increased and was found to be of the same magnitude as in cases of infection due to bacteria known to be pathogenic in the urinary tract. Pyuria disappeared as the patients obtained sterile urine. It is concluded that the patients were infected with coagulase‐negative staphylococci in the urinary tract.The majority of the patients had a depression of renal concentration capacity. There was good agreement between the concentration capacity and clinical symptoms normally regarded as indicative of pyelonephritis. It seems probable that coagulase‐negative staphylococci may cause pyelonephritis.Coagulase‐negative staphylococci were more frequently found in younger patients with urinary tract infection and were more frequent among patients without previous symptoms than among those with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection.In comparison with patients with bacteriuria with E. coli, patients with coagulase‐negative staphylococci obtained spontaneously sterile urine more frequently and more rapidly.
STUDIES IN URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: Mortensen Nikolaj 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Forty‐six strains of coagulase‐negative staphylococci from 13 patients with established urinary tract infections have been examined by biochemical tests. None of the strains produced coagulase or fermented mannitol. The strains differed in their production of haemolysins and phosphatase, phage sensitivity, liquefaction of gelatin, reduction of nitrate, splitting of Tween 80, pigmentation and production of acid from glucose, mannitol and lactose.It is concluded that contrary to prevailing opinion a negative result in the coagulase test on staphylococci isolated from urine does not exclude their association with infections of the urinary tract.
THE BEHAVIOUR OF BLOOD AND EXTRACELLULAR VOLUME IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: de Planque B. A. , Mulder E. , Mees E. J. Dorhout 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Determinations of distribution volumes of R.I.S.A. (Radio iodinated serum albumin) and bromide (as a measure of blood and extracellular volume respectively) have been performed in 35 hypertensive patients, of whom 25 had advanced renal insufficiency.In accordance with generally accepted views the results were within normal limits in the ten patients with uncomplicated hypertension. In 20 of the 25 patients with renal failure, significant elevations of either both volumes or extracellular volume alone were present.Expansions up to 5 1 of bromide distribution volume were not evident by conventional clinical examination.There was a good correlation between blood pressure and bromide volume expansion in patients in whom the fluid excess could be removed.It is concluded that hypertension in patients with advanced renal insufficiency may be related to fluid retention.This fluid retention is often the result of inability of the kidney to excrete salt and water, and may lead to secondary heart failure.
LACTASE DEFICIENCY AND A LACTOSE‐FREE DIET IN PATIENTS WITH “UNSPECIFIC ABDOMINAL COMPLAINTS”
Authors: Jussila J. , Launiala K. , Gorbatow O. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Jejunal lactase activities have been determined in 41 patients who had consulted general practitioners on account of “unspecific abdominal complaints”. Twelve of these patients had low jejunal lactase activity and they all had selective lactase deficiency.A lactose‐free diet for two weeks had a beneficial effect on all the patients with low lactase activity, and the effect was not temporary, as could be noted on inquiry about six months later.It is remarkable that only two of the twelve patients with low lactase activity had a history of milk intolerance.Determination of small‐intestinal lactase activity or a peroral lactose tolerance test is recommended as a routine test for milk‐drinking patients with “unspecific abdominal complaints”.
ATRIAL TACHYCARDIA WITH BLOCK
Authors: Hillestad Leif 
Published: August 2010

Abstract A study has been made of 40 episodes of atrial tachycardia with block in 32 patients observed during the years 1965 through 1968.Mitral valve disease was the most frequent underlying disease, while aortic valve disease was nearly absent. The rhythm disorder produced significant deterioration in a majority of the patients and precipitated severe complaints even in persons with a normal heart. Most episodes ran a continuous course, the paroxysmal variety being rather infrequent. It is therefore suggested that the arrhythmia is termed atrial tachycardia with block and the prefix “paroxysmal” added only when distinct attacks are observed.Only three patients died, all from their underlying disease. This mortality is probably the lowest ever recorded in series of this rhythm disturbance.The diagnostic criteria largely proved satisfactory, but differentiation against atrial flutter remains controversial.Digitalis poisoning was possibly present in only nine of the 40 episodes. Contributory causes including hypokalemia were not demonstrated. Nor was any specific heart rhythm found to be the prime predecessor of atrial tachycardia with block.Treatment consisted of discontinuance of digitalis and peroral administration of potassium chloride. Some 3–4 days thereafter electroconversion was undertaken. This treatment proved to be safe, reliable and effective and superior to treatment with various antiarrhythmic agents.
CORONARY OCCLUSION TREATED WITH SMALL DOSES OF HEPARIN
Authors: Steffensen Karl Anker 
Published: August 2010

Abstract In common antithrombotic therapy the dosage of heparin is kept at a certain level based on prolongation of in vitro coagulation time. However, considerably lower doses have been reported to have effect in long‐term treatment of coronary heart disease. In order to investigate the effect of similar low doses in patients with acute coronary occlusion a double‐blind trial was undertaken, in which the death rates of patients treated with heparin for 24 days at a dosage of 10,000 units subcutaneously, twice daily for the first 16 days, and subsequently once daily, was compared with a placebo‐treated group.Thirty‐two per cent of 103 heparin‐treated patients died compared with 41.3% of 109 in the placebo group. This difference is not statistically significant. Thrombo‐embolic complications were, however, significantly less frequent in the treated group and it is concluded that the therapeutic experiment should be continued.
ORGAN‐SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IN IDIOPATHIC PANHYPOPITUITARISM, PRIMARY THYROID AND ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Nerup J. , Lindholm J. , Søborg M. , Halberg P. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract.Two hundred and forty‐eight sera from patients with idiopathic panhypopituitarism, primary myxedema, idiopathic Addison's disease as well as matched controls have been investigated for the presence of circulating organ‐specific antibodies.Antibody against the secretory cells of the anterior pituitary could not be demonstrated by means of the technique used. In only one patient with pituitary failure was circulating antibody against thyroglobulin found, and neither microsomal thyroid antibody nor adrenal antibody could be detected in any case.Based on these findings and a survey of the literature it is concluded that, in contrast to the findings in primary failure of the thyroid and the adrenals, the functional and anatomical alterations in these endocrine glands in hypopituitarism do not cause the formation of circulating organ antibodies.