bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications with the Use of Artelon in Thumb CMC Joint Arthritis
Authors: Clarke Sylvan , Hagberg William , Kaufmann Robert A. , Grand Aaron , Wollstein Ronit 
Published: April 2011

Background Complications with the use of the Artelon spacer in thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthritis include inflammation, osteolysis, and persistent pain. We evaluated our short-term results and complications. Methods A retrospective review of 29 patients was performed. Pre- and postoperative radiographs, operative techniques, complications, and subsequent surgeries were analyzed. Pearson's and chi-squared testing was used to identify associations between complications and surgical technique or preoperative radiographic criteria. The average age was age 51±7.7 (34-66), average follow-up was 8 months (1-26). Results Twelve patients sustained complications. Nine patients displayed postoperative osteolysis. Four patients underwent conversion to CMC suspensionplasty due to persistent pain. The rate of revision surgery and radiographic postoperative osteolysis were not significantly associated with preoperative arthritis grade, metacarpal subluxation, or surgical techniques: fixation method, the bony surface(s) involved in the osteotomy, or spacer modifications. Conclusions Our study found a significant short-term complication rate following Artelon spacer arthroplasty of the CMC joint. This is higher than previously described. We could not identify any factors that were significantly associated with the complications. It is possible that the inherent instability of the joint or the material of the spacer is involved in implant failure. Further study is necessary to better define the indications for use and specific techniques for the use of the implant.
If money doesn't make you happy, then you probably aren't spending it right
Authors: Dunn Elizabeth W. , Gilbert Daniel T. , Wilson Timothy D. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe relationship between money and happiness is surprisingly weak, which may stem in part from the way people spend it. Drawing on empirical research, we propose eight principles designed to help consumers get more happiness for their money. Specifically, we suggest that consumers should (1) buy more experiences and fewer material goods; (2) use their money to benefit others rather than themselves; (3) buy many small pleasures rather than fewer large ones; (4) eschew extended warranties and other forms of overpriced insurance; (5) delay consumption; (6) consider how peripheral features of their purchases may affect their day‐to‐day lives; (7) beware of comparison shopping; and (8) pay close attention to the happiness of others.
Recent Currents in the Historiography of the Radical Reformation
Authors: Roth John D. 
Published: April 2011

There can be no question but that the great principles of freedom of conscience, separation of church and state and voluntarism in religion, so basic in American Protestantism and so essential to democracy, ultimately are derived from the Anabaptists of the Reformation period.With these confident words, Harold S. Bender introduced the main theme of his presidential address at the fifty-fifth meeting of the American Society of Church History, held at Columbia University on 28 Dec. 1943. In the decades that followed, Bender's speech—which he titled.
A modelling framework for the analysis of artificial-selection time series
Authors: LE ROUZIC ARNAUD , HOULE DAVID , HANSEN THOMAS F. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryArtificial-selection experiments constitute an important source of empirical information for breeders, geneticists and evolutionary biologists. Selected characters can generally be shifted far from their initial state, sometimes beyond what is usually considered as typical inter-specific divergence. A careful analysis of the data collected during such experiments may thus reveal the dynamical properties of the genetic architecture that underlies the trait under selection. Here, we propose a statistical framework describing the dynamics of selection-response time series. We highlight how both phenomenological models (which do not make assumptions on the nature of genetic phenomena) and mechanistic models (explaining the temporal trends in terms of e.g. mutations, epistasis or canalization) can be used to understand and interpret artificial-selection data. The practical use of the models and their implementation in a software package are demonstrated through the analysis of a selection experiment on the shape of the wing inDrosophila melanogaster.
COLONIAL STATE-BUILDING AND THE NEGOTIATION OF ARAB AND BERBER IDENTITY IN PROTECTORATE MOROCCO
Authors: Wyrtzen Jonathan 
Published: April 2011

AbstractColonial state-building in Protectorate Morocco, particularly the total “pacification” of territory and infrastructural development carried out between 1907 and 1934, dramatically transformed the social and political context in which collective identity was imagined in Moroccan society. Prior scholarship has highlighted the struggle between colonial administrators and urban Arabophone nationalist elites over Arab and Berber ethnic classifications used by French officials to make Moroccan society legible in the wake of conquest. This study turns to the understudied question of how rural, tribal communities responded to state- and nation-building processes, drawing on a unique collection of Tamazight (Berber) poetry gathered in the Atlas Mountains to illuminate the multiple levels on which their sense of group identity was negotiated. While studies of identity in the interwar Arab world have concentrated on how Pan-Islamism, Pan-Arabism, and local nationalisms functioned in the Arab East, this article changes the angle of analysis, beginning instead at the margins of the Arab West to explore interactions between the consolidation of nation-sized political units and multivocal efforts to reframe the religious and ethnic parameters of communal solidarity during the colonial period.
DREAM OF EXILE, PROMISE OF HOME: LANGUAGE, EDUCATION, AND ARABISM IN ALGERIA
Authors: McDougall James 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn Algeria as in many other cases, experiences of exile and diaspora played a major role in the creation of nationalist politics in the 20th century; exile has also been a recurring literary figure in expressions of Algerian cultural politics since independence. This article examines a range of literary sources to consider the politics of language and culture in Algeria since the 1940s. It shows how identification with Arabism has enabled Algerians to articulate claims to community, solidarity, and sovereignty, first in a conception of national “salvation” against the colonial state and then as both a state-sponsored project of political legitimacy and an indication of the limits of that project. A sense of these limits can be gained by a brief consideration of the complexity of the country's sociolinguistic landscape and the often unorthodox creativity of its literary self-expression since independence.
HYBRID NATIONALISMS:WAṬANĪANDQAWMĪVISIONS IN IRAQ UNDER ʿABD AL-KARIM QASIM, 1958–61
Authors: Bashkin Orit 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThis paper analyzes Iraqi national narratives in the years from 1958 to 1961 to consider how innovative definitions of Arab nationalisms were affected by worldwide processes of decolonization. It demonstrates how Pan-Arabism was transformed in Qasimite Iraq because of its hybridization with Iraqi patriotism and, concurrently, how various elements of Arabist discourses were integrated into local and patriotic perceptions of Iraqi nationalism. Examining cultural idioms shared by Iraqi intellectuals belonging to different political groups, especially the communists and the Baʿthists, destabilizes a typology that assumes each ideological camp subscribed to a rigidly defined set of well-known historical narratives. The Pan-Arabists in this period often cultivated the notion that Arab nationalism did not entail an ethnic origin but rather the ability to adopt the Arabic language, as well as Arab history and culture, as a marker of one's national and cultural identity. The attempts to adapt Pan-Arab discourses to the specificities of the Iraqi milieu and to build coalitions with as many of the nation's groups as possible meant that the sectarian, anti-Shiʿi, and anti-Kurdish notions that colored Baʿthist discourses in later years were not as prominent in this period.
Brunei Rediscovered: A Survey of Early Times
Authors: Nicholl Robert 
Published: April 2011

About the middle of the thirteenth century the great Arab scholar, Ibn Sa'id, compiled hisBast al-ArdorGeography, in which he collected many ancient texts; amongst them is the following, which may offer a clue to the early history of Brunei:[The Khmers] lived with the Chinese in the eastern regions of the earth. Discord having broken out amongst them, the Chinese chased them towards the islands, and they remained there a certain time. The name of the King wasKamrun. Following this, discord broke out amongst them when they were in the islands, of which we shall speak later. Then those who did not form part of the Royal Family went away to the great island [Madagascar], and their Sultan dwelt in the city ofKomorriya.
Use of a large general practice syndromic surveillance system to monitor the progress of the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic 2009 in the UK
Authors: HARCOURT S. E. , SMITH G. E. , ELLIOT A. J. , PEBODY R. , CHARLETT A. , IBBOTSON S. , REGAN M. , HIPPISLEY-COX J. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYThe Health Protection Agency/QSurveillance national surveillance system utilizes QSurveillance® a recently developed general practitioner database covering over 23 million people in the UK. We describe the spread of the first wave of the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic 2009 using data on consultations for influenza-like illness (ILI), respiratory illness and prescribing for influenza from 3400 contributing general practices. Daily data, provided from 27 April 2009 to 28 January 2010, were used to give a timely overview for those managing the pandemic nationally and locally. The first wave particularly affected London and the West Midlands with a peak in ILI in week 30. Children aged between 1 and 15 years had consistently high consultation rates for ILI. Daily ILI rates were used for modelling national weekly case estimates. The system enabled the ‘real-time’ monitoring of the pandemic to a small geographical area, linking morbidity and prescribing for influenza and other respiratory illnesses.
Wikipedia as a Data Source for Political Scientists: Accuracy and Completeness of Coverage
Authors: Brown Adam R. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn only 10 years, Wikipedia has risen from obscurity to become the dominant information source for an entire generation. However, any visitor can edit any page on Wikipedia, which hardly fosters confidence in its accuracy. In this article, I review thousands of Wikipedia articles about candidates, elections, and officeholders to assess both the accuracy and the thoroughness of Wikipedia's coverage. I find that Wikipedia is almost always accurate when a relevant article exists, but errors of omission are extremely frequent. These errors of omission follow a predictable pattern. Wikipedia's political coverage is often very good for recent or prominent topics but is lacking on older or more obscure topics.
Multispectral Infrared Reflectography to Differentiate Features in Paintings
Authors: Daffara Claudia , Fontana Raffaella 
Published: April 2011

AbstractInfrared reflectography is a well-known technique based on wideband imaging in the near-infrared (NIR) range used for painting diagnostics in conservation laboratories.. This work is focused on the application of multiband reflectography for analysis of pictorial layers and differentiated detection of painting features. This technique generates a set of narrowband NIR images of the painting. Starting from a dataset that is registered, metrically correct, and calibrated, the capability of collecting both spectral and spatial information has been exploited by processing the image cube with interplane techniques. Examples on artworks by Caravaggio, Veronese, Bronzino, and Schiavone are presented.
Hematopoietic Derived Cell Infiltration of the Intestinal Tumor Microenvironment inApcMin/+Mice
Authors: Davis Celestia , Price Robert , Acharya Grishma , Baudino Troy , Borg Thomas , Berger Franklin G. , Peña Maria Marjorette O. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractTumors consist of a heterogeneous population of neoplastic cells infiltrated by an equally heterogeneous collection of nonneoplastic cells that comprise the tumor microenvironment. Tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis depend on multiple interactions between these cells. To assess their potential as therapeutic targets or vehicles for tumor specific delivery of therapeutic agents, we examined the contribution of bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) to the intestinal tumor microenvironment. Hematopoietic stem cells expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were transplanted into lethally irradiatedApcMin/+mice, and their engraftment was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The results showed abundant infiltration of eGFP cells into the small intestine, colon, and spleen compared to heart, muscle, liver, lung, and kidney. Within the intestine, there was a pronounced gradient of engraftment along the anterior to posterior axis, with enhanced infiltration into adenomas. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that osteopontin was expressed in tumor stromal cells but not in nontumor stromal populations, suggesting that gene expression in these cells is distinct. Tumor vasculature inApcMin/+mice was chaotic compared to normal intestinal regions. Our data suggest that BMDCs can be harnessed for tumor-targeted therapies to enhance antitumor efficacy.
THE GELFAND SPECTRUM OF A NONCOMMUTATIVE C*-ALGEBRA: A TOPOS-THEORETIC APPROACH
Authors: HEUNEN CHRIS , LANDSMAN NICOLAAS P. , SPITTERS BAS , WOLTERS SANDER 
Published: April 2011

AbstractWe compare two influential ways of defining a generalized notion of space. The first, inspired by Gelfand duality, states that the category of ‘noncommutative spaces’ is the opposite of the category of C*-algebras. The second, loosely generalizing Stone duality, maintains that the category of ‘point-free spaces’ is the opposite of the category of frames (that is, complete lattices in which the meet distributes over arbitrary joins). Earlier work by the first three authors shows how a noncommutative C*-algebra gives rise to a commutative one internal to a certain sheaf topos. The latter, then, has a constructive Gelfand spectrum, also internal to the topos in question. After a brief review of this work, we compute the so-called external description of this internal spectrum, which in principle is a fibred point-free space in the familiar topos of sets and functions. However, we obtain the external spectrum as a fibred topological space in the usual sense. This leads to an explicit Gelfand transform, as well as to a topological reinterpretation of the Kochen–Specker theorem of quantum mechanics.
Precessional damping of Fe magnetic moments in a FeNi film
Authors: Buschhorn Stefan , Brüssing Frank , Abrudan Radu , Zabel Hartmut 
Published: April 2011

We report on the element-resolved precessional dynamics of Fe magnetic moments in a homogeneous FeNi thin film. In our pump–probe experiment the magnetic system is excited by a magnetic field pulse from a stripline. The instantaneous response to the field-pulse excitation is monitored as a function of time in a stroboscopic measurement using element-selective x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS). Our data show that Fe and Ni moments are aligned parallel to each other at all times, while they oscillate around the effective field direction given by the step field pulse and applied bias field. The field dependence of the precessional motion and damping of Fe magnetic moments is analysed and compared with time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect (tr-MOKE) measurement data from the literature, showing good agreement.
Additional studies prove the capability of our setup to conduct temperature-dependent studies. In the case of the presented FeNi system no changes in the frequency or damping behaviour are observed within a temperature range of 150–350 K.
A pilot study of the short‐term use of simvastatin in sickle cell disease: effects on markers of vascular dysfunction
Authors: Hoppe Carolyn , Kuypers Frans , Larkin Sandra , Hagar Ward , Vichinsky Elliott , Styles Lori 
Published: April 2011

SummarySickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by progressive vascular injury and its pathophysiology is strikingly similar to that of atherosclerosis. Statins decrease inflammation and improve endothelial function in cardiovascular disease, but their effect in SCD is not known. In this pilot study, we examined the safety and effect of short‐term simvastatin on biomarkers of vascular dysfunction in SCD. We treated 26 SCD patients with simvastatin, 20 or 40 mg/d, for 21 d. Plasma nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), tissue factor (TF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed and responses to simvastatin were compared between the two treatment groups. Simvastatin increased NOx levels by 23% in the low‐dose (P = 0·01) and 106% in the moderate‐dose (P = 0·01) groups, and by 52% overall (P = 0·0008). CRP decreased similarly in both dose groups and by 68% overall (P = 0·02). Levels of IL‐6 decreased by 50% (P = 0·04) and 71% (P < 0·05) in the low‐ and moderate‐dose groups, respectively. Simvastatin had no effect on VEGF, VCAM1 or TF. Simvastatin was well‐tolerated and safe. Our preliminary findings showing a dose‐related effect of simvastatin on levels of NOx, CRP and IL‐6 suggest a potential therapeutic role for simvastatin in SCD.
Mortality after transfusions, relation to donor sex
Authors: Middelburg R. A. , Briët E. , van der Bom J. G. 
Published: April 2011

Introduction  Blood products from female donors have been associated with worse outcome after blood transfusions. We aimed to quantify the association of overall mortality with transfusions from female blood donors.Methods  We performed a cohort study of all transfusion recipients during a 5‐year period at the Leiden University Medical Center. Analyses were performed in a sub‐cohort of recipients with all transfusions from donors of the same sex. Effects in male and female recipients were analysed both separately and averaged, for an overall estimate.Results  Overall, when averaged over both male and female recipients, transfusions from female donors were not associated with increased mortality. However, in male recipients transfusions from female donors were positively associated with mortality, while in female recipients the association was reversed. The hazard ratio for mortality after sex‐mismatched transfusions was 1·2 (95% CI, 0·98–1·4). In recipients aged 1–55 it was 1·8 (95% CI, 1·2–2·7). In recipients over 55, with more other risk factors for mortality, it was 1·0 (95% CI, 0·83–1·2).Conclusions  Overall transfusions from female donors were not associated with increased mortality. However, male recipients of blood from female donors did have an increased risk of death. Female recipients of blood from male donors showed a weaker increase in mortality.
Medication administration hassles for Mexican American family caregivers of older adults
Authors: Kao Hsueh‐Fen S. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn order to take their medications at home, elders rely increasingly on their family, but little is known about the factors influencing this task. This study explored the effects of acculturation and social exchange on the hassles that Mexican American (MA) family caregivers face in administering medication to their elders. A descriptive, correlational design, with a convenience sample of 239 MA adult caregivers of elders who were on a daily prescription that was recruited in Dallas, Texas and San Diego, California, USA, was used. The caregivers' scores on the medication administration hassles scale were significantly affected by acculturation and social exchange factors that explained 36% of the variance in the scores; the social exchange block had a larger influence than did the acculturation block. Caregiving might be an outcome of dynamic family exchange relationships between the caregiving dyad. The results can help healthcare professionals to detect potentially at‐risk MA families and provide them with culturally appropriate nursing interventions.
Chaperonins from an Antarctic archaeon are predominantly monomeric: crystal structure of an open state monomer
Authors: Pilak Oliver , Harrop Stephen J. , Siddiqui Khawar S. , Chong Kevin , De Francisci Davide , Burg Dominic , Williams Timothy J. , Cavicchioli Ricardo , Curmi Paul M. G. 
Published: April 2011

SummaryArchaea are abundant in permanently cold environments. The Antarctic methanogen, Methanococcoides burtonii, has proven an excellent model for studying molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation. Methanococcoides burtonii contains three group II chaperonins that diverged prior to its closest orthologues from mesophilic Methanosarcina spp. The relative abundance of the three chaperonins shows little dependence on organism growth temperature, except at the highest temperatures, where the most thermally stable chaperonin increases in abundance. In vitro and in vivo, the M. burtonii chaperonins are predominantly monomeric, with only 23–33% oligomeric, thereby differing from other archaea where an oligomeric ring form is dominant. The crystal structure of an N‐terminally truncated chaperonin reveals a monomeric protein with a fully open nucleotide binding site. When compared with closed state group II chaperonin structures, a large‐scale ∼30° rotation between the equatorial and intermediate domains is observed resulting in an open nucleotide binding site. This is analogous to the transition observed between open and closed states of group I chaperonins but contrasts with recent archaeal group II chaperonin open state ring structures. The predominance of monomeric form and the ability to adopt a fully open nucleotide site appear to be unique features of the M. burtonii group II chaperonins.