bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iridovirus infections in finfish – critical review with emphasis on ranaviruses
Authors: Whittington R J , Becker J A , Dennis M M 
Published: December 2009

AbstractViruses in three genera of the family Iridoviridae (iridoviruses) affect finfish. Ranaviruses and megalocytiviruses are recently emerged pathogens. Both cause severe systemic disease, occur globally and affect a diversity of hosts. In contrast, lymphocystiviruses cause superficial lesions and rarely cause economic loss. The ranavirus epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) from Australia was the first iridovirus to cause epizootic mortality in finfish. Like other ranaviruses, it lacks host specificity. A distinct but closely related virus, European catfish virus, occurs in finfish in Europe, while very similar ranaviruses occur in amphibians in Europe, Asia, Australia, North America and South America. These viruses can be distinguished from one another by conserved differences in the sequence of the major capsid protein gene, which informs policies of the World Organisation for Animal Health to minimize transboundary spread of these agents. However, limited epidemiological information and variations in disease expression create difficulties for design of sampling strategies for surveillance. There is still uncertainty surrounding the taxonomy of some putative ranaviruses such as Singapore grouper iridovirus and Santee‐Cooper ranavirus, both of which cause serious disease in fish, and confusion continues with diseases caused by megalocytiviruses. In this review, aspects of the agents and diseases caused by ranaviruses are contrasted with those due to megalocytiviruses to promote accurate diagnosis and characterization of the agents responsible. Ranavirus epizootics in amphibians are also discussed because of possible links with finfish and common anthropogenic mechanisms of spread. The source of the global epizootic of disease caused by systemic iridoviruses in finfish and amphibians is uncertain, but three possibilities are discussed: trade in food fish, trade in ornamental fish, reptiles and amphibians and emergence from unknown reservoir hosts associated with environmental change.
Measurement of CD4+ T‐cell function in predicting allograft rejection and recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Miller Charles , Hirose Kenzo , Diago Teresa , Aucejo Federico , Quintini Cristiano , Eghtesad Bijan , Corey Rebecca , Yerian Lisa , Lopez Rocio , Zein Nizar , Fung John 
Published: December 2009

Hashimoto K, Miller C, Hirose K, Diago T, Aucejo F, Quintini C, Eghtesad B, Corey R, Yerian L, Lopez R, Zein N, Fung J. Measurement of CD4+ T‐cell function in predicting allograft rejection and recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01169.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Recurrence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be difficult to distinguish from acute cellular rejection (ACR) following liver transplantation. The Cylex Immune Function Assay (ImmuKnow) provides objective measure of recipient’s immune function. The goal is to assess the ability of this assay to distinguish these similar conditions. A retrospective review was performed in 54 recipients with HCV. ImmuKnow assays were measured with allograft biopsies. Levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release from CD4+ T cells (ng/mL) were compared with the following biopsy result classifications: 365 ± 130 with ACR (n = 11), 152 ± 100 with recurrent HCV (n = 26), 240 ± 71 with normal biopsies (n = 12), and 157 ± 130 with overlapping features of ACR and recurrent HCV (n = 5). Recipients with recurrent HCV had lower immune response than those with ACR (p < 0.0001).Using a cutoff level of 220, the sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing two conditions were 88.5% and 90.9%, respectively. When recipients with overlapping features had low immune response, three of four recipients’ subsequent biopsies showed recurrent HCV. In conclusion, the ImmuKnow assay can be a sensitive and specific additional test for distinguishing recurrent HCV from ACR and may be useful for predicting which recipients may be most vulnerable to recurrent HCV.
Randomized crossover study to assess the inter‐ and intrasubject variability of morning mycophenolic acid concentrations from enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium and mycophenolate mofetil in stable renal transplant recipients
Authors: Tedesco‐Silva Helio , Felipe Claudia R. , Park Sung I. , Pinheiro‐Machado Paula G. , Garcia Riberto , Slade Alan , Schmouder Robert , Medina‐Pestana Jose O. 
Published: December 2009

Tedesco‐Silva H, Felipe CR, Park SI, Pinheiro‐Machado PG, Garcia R, Slade A, Schmouder R, Medina‐Pestana JO. Randomized crossover study to assess the inter‐ and intrasubject variability of morning mycophenolic acid concentrations from enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium and mycophenolate mofetil in stable renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E116–E123. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The delayed release of mycophenolic acid (MPA) from enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium (EC‐MPS, myfortic®) may have an impact on the variability of MPA trough (C0 h) levels. A randomized, two‐period crossover study was performed in 24 maintenance renal transplants to evaluate the inter‐ and intrasubject variability of MPA predose levels from EC‐MPS and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, CellCept®), both in combination with cyclosporine. Patients received EC‐MPS (720 mg b.i.d.) and MMF (1000 mg b.i.d.) for a period of 21 d each. MPA plasma levels were measured over the final seven consecutive days at −1, 0, 1, 2, and 3 h after the morning MPA dose. Intersubject coefficients of variation (%CV) for MPA troughs were 47.5% (95% CI, 34.1–80.3) and 54.4% (40.0–86.8) for EC‐MPS and MMF, respectively; intrasubject %CVs were 62.7% (55.1–72.9) and 42.8% (37.9–49.2). High MPA C0 h levels >10 μg/mL were rarely observed with both EC‐MPS (1.8%) and MMF (0.6%). Mean MPA area under the curve (AUC)0–3 h was comparable between treatments, while MPA C0 h was on average 46% higher with EC‐MPS. In conclusion, predose MPA trough level monitoring appears of limited value during EC‐MPS and MMF therapy given the large intrasubject variability in MPA C0 h levels with both treatments.
The association betweeneNOSintron 4 VNTR polymorphism and delayed graft function of kidney allografts
Authors: Dutkiewicz Grażyna , Domanski Leszek , Binczak‐Kuleta Agnieszka , Pawlik Andrzej , Safranow Krzysztof , Ciechanowicz Andrzej , Dziedziejko Violetta , Ciechanowski Kazimierz 
Published: December 2009

Dutkiewicz G, Domanski L, Binczak‐Kuleta A, Pawlik A, Safranow K, Ciechanowicz A, Dziedziejko V, Ciechanowski K. The association betweeneNOSintron 4 VNTR polymorphism and delayed graft function of kidney allografts. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01187.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a multifunctional agent which serves as a key signaling molecule in physiological processes such as host defense, neuronal communication, and the regulation of vascular tone. Different polymorphic variations have been identified in the humanNOS3(eNOS) gene.The aim of the present study was to examine the association between polymorphisms of theNOS3gene (G894T substitution within exon 7 and intron 4 VNTR polymorphism) and the development of delayed graft function as well as acute and chronic rejection.One hundred eighty‐seven recipients of first renal transplants were included in the study. There were no significant associations between these polymorphisms and acute and chronic kidney allograft rejection. The intron 4 polymorphism was associated with delayed graft function after transplantation. The results of this study suggest that patients with the a allele of theeNOSintron 4 VNTR polymorphism may be predisposed to delayed graft function.
Comparison of biliary complications in adult living‐donor liver transplants performed at two busy transplant centers
Authors: Melcher Marc L. , Pomposelli James J. , Verbesey Jennifer E. , McTaggart Ryan A. , Freise Chris E. , Ascher Nancy L. , Roberts John P. , Pomfret Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2009

Melcher ML, Pomposelli JJ, Verbesey JE, McTaggart RA, Freise CE, Ascher NL, Roberts JP, Pomfret EA. Comparison of biliary complications in adult living‐donor liver transplants performed at two busy transplant centers. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01189.x.  © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Adult living‐donor liver transplantation (ALDLT) has a high rate of biliary complications. We identified risk factors that correlate with biliary leaks and strictures by combining data from two centers. Records of ALDLT right lobe recipients (n = 156) at two centers between December 1998 and February 2005 were reviewed. Leak rate was analyzed in 144 recipients after we excluded those with hepatic artery thrombosis or death within 30 d of transplant. Stricture rate was also analyzed in 132 recipients after we excluded those with graft survival or follow‐up <180 d. Biliary reconstructions were performed using either duct‐to‐duct (DD) or Roux‐en‐Y hepaticojejunostomy and were subclassified by anatomic type, number of anastomoses performed, and stent use. Prevalence of a leak and/or a stricture was 39%; 11% of recipients developed both. Single DD anastomoses between the graft right hepatic duct to the recipient common duct had significantly lower incidence of leaks compared to all other anastomotic types. Early leak was predictive of late stricture development (p = 0.006), but recipient demographics, diagnosis, warm ischemia time, anastomosis type, duct number, year of transplant, stent use, and transplant center were not. The results suggest donors with a single right hepatic duct reconstructed to the recipient common bile duct are the most likely to avoid biliary problems after ALDLT.
Nickel allergy presenting as mobile phone contact dermatitis
Authors: Roberts Hugh , Tate Bruce 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTA 39‐year‐old man presented with a 6‐month history of a treatment‐resistant facial dermatitis. The patient regularly used his mobile phone, predominantly on the left cheek. Patch testing confirmed the clinical suspicion of mobile phone contact dermatitis from nickel contained in the phone casing. Although infrequently reported, with the trend towards metallic mobile phone casings and the high incidence of nickel sensitization in the community, the incidence of mobile phone contact dermatitis is likely to increase.
Acute unilateral poliosis concurrent with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia: A possible aetiological association
Authors: Kwon Do‐Young , Park Moon Ho , Oh Kyungmi , Ryu Hwa Jung , Park Kun Woo 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTWe report a 24‐year‐old man who presented with the sudden onset of unilateral poliosis associated with acute trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, suggesting a pathophysiology in common and a possible neural hypothesis in the development of segmental vitiligo. Although rare, associations with neurological abnormalities should be considered in cases of focal depigmentation disorders.
Crucial role of corneal lymphangiogenesis for allograft rejection in alkali‐burned cornea bed
Authors: Ling Shiqi , Qi Caoxiu , Li Wei , Xu Jiangang , Kuang Wenghui 
Published: December 2009

AbstractBackgroud:  To examine the time course of hemangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, inflammation after corneal alkaline burns and compare with the importance of corneal hemangiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and inflammation in allograft rejection on alkali‐burned cornea bed, respectively.Methods:  Rat corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were examined by whole mount immunofluorescence and double enzyme‐histochemistry, and the state of corneal inflammation was evaluated by inflammation index scoring and histopathology. Then, corneal transplantations were divided into six groups and performed before the burn (group A) and on day 3 (group B), 2 weeks (group C), 5 weeks (group D), 6 weeks (group E) and 8 weeks (group F) after alkaline burns, respectively. The immune rejection of grafts was evaluated by interferon‐γ, interleukin‐2 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and slit‐lamp examination.Results:  Both corneal lymphatic and blood vessels reached the top 2 weeks after the burn. Corneal lymphangiogenesis disappeared 5 weeks after the burn, and corneal hemangiogenesis regressed completely 3 weeks later. Corneal inflammation was strong on day 3, but resolved 6 weeks after the burn. Compared with other groups, the mean survival time of groups B (4.67 ± 1.03 days) and C (5.00 ± 0.63 days) was significantly shorter (P < 0.05). The difference of mean survival time of grafts between group D (9.50 ± 1.05 days) and group E (9.83 ± 0.75 days), between group D and group F (10.00 ± 0.89 days) was not significant (P > 0.05).Conclusions:  Corneal lymphangiogenesis presents for a shorter duration than corneal hemangiogenesis or corneal inflammation but plays a crucial role in allograft rejection on alkali‐burned cornea bed.
Low cycle fatigue behaviour of duplex stainless steel: influence of isothermal aging treatment
Authors: SAHU J. K. , GHOSH R. N. , CHRIST H.‐J. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTThe low‐cycle fatigue behaviour of a duplex stainless steel was comparatively studied in standard heat‐treated and isothermally aged (at 475 °C for 100 h) conditions by mechanical testing, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was established that fatigue life is longer in the aged condition as compared to the annealed condition at lower values of total strain amplitude Δɛ/2 (Δɛ/2 = 4.0 × 10−3 and 6.0 × 10−3) and becomes similar in annealed and aged conditions at Δɛ/2 = 8.0 × 10−3. Fatigue resistance of the material converges with increase in Δɛ/2 values as a result of rapid cyclic softening of the ferritic phase in the aged condition.
Dynamic propagation problem of mode I semi‐infinite crack subjected to superimpose loads
Authors: LÜ N. C. , Cheng Y. H. , Li X. G. , Cheng J. 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTBy means of the theory of complex functions, dynamic propagation problems of a semi‐infinite crack subjected to the superimposed mode load were studied. Analytical solutions of stress, displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor are very readily obtained using the approaches of self‐similar functions. The corresponding closed solutions are obtained based on the Riemann–Hilbert problems.
Prey diversity is associated with weaker consumer effects in a meta‐analysis of benthic marine experiments
Authors: Edwards Kyle F. , Aquilino Kristin M. , Best Rebecca J. , Sellheim Kirsten L. , Stachowicz John J. 
Published: December 2009

Ecology Letters(2010) 13: 194–201AbstractA rapidly accumulating body of research has shown that species diversity consistently affects the functioning of ecosystems. The incorporation of trophic complexity and the extension of this research to larger scales and natural ranges in species diversity remain as important challenges for understanding the true magnitude of these effects in natural systems. Here, we test whether the diversity of prey communities affects the magnitude of aggregate consumer effects. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 57 consumer removal field experiments from a range of intertidal and subtidal hard substrate marine communities. We found that the richness of the prey community was the strongest predictor of the magnitude of consumer effects while controlling for habitat type, taxonomic composition, and other variables. Consumer removal increased aggregate prey abundance on average by 1200% at the lower limit of prey diversity (two species), but only 200% at the upper limit of 37 species. Importantly, compositional change was substantial at both high and low prey diversity, suggesting predation intensity did not vary with prey richness. Rather diverse prey communities appear to be more capable of maintaining abundance via compensatory responses, by containing prey species that are resistant to (or tolerant of) predators. These results suggest that the effects of species diversity on trophic interactions may scale consistently from small‐scale manipulations to cross‐community comparisons.
Is long‐term virological response related to CCR5 Δ32 deletion in HIV‐1‐infected patients started on highly active antiretroviral therapy?
Authors: Laurichesse J‐J , Taieb A , Capoulade‐Metay C , Katlama C , Villes V , Drobacheff‐Thiebaud M‐C , Raffi F , Chêne G , Theodorou I , Leport C ,   the ANRS C08 Aproco‐Copilote Study Group
Published: December 2009

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine whether the chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) Δ32 deletion is associated with long‐term response to combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) in HIV‐1‐infected patients.MethodsThe genetic substudy of the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA (ANRS) CO8 APROCO‐COPILOTE cohort included 609 patients who started protease inhibitor‐containing cART in 1997–1999. Patients were considered to have a sustained virological response if all plasma HIV RNA measurements in the period considered were <500 HIV‐1 RNA copies/ml, allowing for a single blip. Virological response was compared between patients heterozygous for CCR5 Δ32 (Δ32/wt) and wild‐type patients (wt/wt) from month 4 to year 3 and from month 4 to year 5. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for baseline demographical data, HIV RNA, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral exposure status, time spent on antiretroviral therapy at years 3 and 5 and adherence to treatment (month 4 to year 3 or 5).ResultsA sustained virological response was more frequent in Δ32/wt than in wt/wt patients from month 4 to year 3, with 66%vs. 52% of patients, respectively, showing a sustained response (P=0.02); after adjustment for potential confounders, the association of Δ32 with a sustained response was nearly significant (P=0.07). A sustained virological response was also more frequent in Δ32/wt patients up to year 5, with 48% showing a sustained response vs. 35% of wt/wt patients (P=0.01); after adjustment, Δ32 remained significantly associated with a sustained virological response up to year 5 (P=0.04). There was no association with CD4 response.ConclusionThe Δ32 deletion in Δ32/wt patients is associated with a beneficial virological response to cART in the long term. Whether this association is a direct effect of the Δ32 deletion remains unclear and requires confirmation in further observational studies.
EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of ataxias and spastic paraplegias
Authors: Gasser T. , Finsterer J. , Baets J. , Van Broeckhoven C. , Di Donato S. , Fontaine B. , De Jonghe P. , Lossos A. , Lynch T. , Mariotti C. , Schöls L. , Spinazzola A. , Szolnoki Z. , Tabrizi S. J. , Tallaksen C.M.E. , Zeviani M. , Burgunder J‐M. , Harbo H. F. 
Published: December 2009

Background and purpose:  These EFNS guidelines on the molecular diagnosis of neurogenetic disorders are designed to provide practical help for the general neurologist to make appropriate use of molecular genetics in diagnosing neurogenetic disorders.Methods:  Literature searches were performed before expert members of the task force wrote proposals, which were discussed in detail until final consensus had been reached among all task force members.Results and conclusion:  This paper provides updated guidelines for molecular diagnosis of two particularly complex groups of disorders, the ataxias and spastic paraplegias. Possibilities and limitations of molecular genetic diagnosis of these disorders are evaluated and recommendations are provided.
Cognitive impairment after three decades of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Smestad C. , Sandvik L. , Landrø N. I. , Celius E. G. 
Published: December 2009

Background:  Population‐based studies of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with long disease duration are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate long‐term outcome and the predictors of cognitive impairment in a cohort of patients with MS.Methods:  Patients living in Oslo, Norway, with definite MS and onset in 1940–1980 alive on 1 May 2006 were included. Disability was assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Cognitive functioning was assessed in terms of psychomotor speed, attention, learning/memory and executive functions.Results:  A total of 123 patients was included. EDSS was ≤3.0 in 26% and ≥6.0 in 60% after mean disease duration of 34.5 years. Cognitive impairment was found in 48% of the patients eligible for neuropsychological evaluation (n = 84). Typical pattern was moderate impairment within areas of information processing, attention and memory. In the univariate analysis, younger onset age was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (P = 0.014). Younger onset age (P = 0.017) and disease course (secondary progressive vs. relapsing‐remitting MS, P = 0.049) were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in the multivariate analysis.Conclusions:  After three decades of disease, half of the MS patients experienced reduced cognitive functioning; however, nearly one‐third of the patients were only mildly disabled based on the EDSS. Younger onset age was associated with higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. A thorough evaluation of cognitive function in addition to EDSS is essential for evaluating long‐term impairment in patients with MS.
Dural arteriovenous fistula at the foramen magnum presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage: case reports and literature review
Authors: Guo L.‐M. , Zhou H.‐Y. , Xu J.‐W. , Wang G.‐S. , Tian X. , Wang Y. , Qiu Y.‐M. , Jiang J.‐Y. 
Published: December 2009

Background and purpose:  Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) may arise at any level from the foramen magnum to the sacrum. Only a few case series of DAVFs at the foramen magnum have been reported, especially with patients presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We performed a retrospective study of four such cases and summarize experiences in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a DAVF at the foramen magnum.Methods:  Four male patients, aged from 35 to 51 years, were admitted with severe headache. The cranial computerized tomography scans of all four patients showed SAH, with hemorrhage in the fourth ventricle with or without hemorrhage in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. Pre‐operative digital subtraction cerebral angiography showed a DAVF at the foramen magnum draining to medullary veins and/or the straight sinus and the confluence of sinuses. Two DAVFs were fed by the vertebral artery, whilst the others were fed by dural branches of the occipital artery and/or the ascending pharyngeal artery.Results:  Three patients underwent direct microsurgical electrocoagulation and disconnection of the arteriovenous shunt via an enlargement of the foramen magnum and a hemilaminectomy at C1 by the far lateral suboccipital approach. Post‐operative angiography confirmed complete obliteration of the fistula.Conclusions:  Cerebral digital subtraction angiography is an effective and accurate method for examination of a DAVF at the foramen magnum. It can be treated effectively and with minimal surgical trauma by microsurgical electrocoagulation and disconnection of the shunt.