bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metrologic properties of ultrasound versus clinical evaluation of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a multicenter, randomized study
Authors: Mandl P. , Balint P. V. , Brault Y. , Backhaus M. , D'Agostino M.‐A. , Grassi W. , van der Heijde D. , de Miguel E. , Wakefield R. J. , Logeart I. , Dougados M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the intraobserver reliability, face validity, and discriminant capacity of different global ultrasound (US) scoring systems for measuring synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThis study was ancillary to a 52‐week, multicenter, prospective, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group outpatient study conducted in patients with moderate RA who were randomized to receive either etanercept combined with methotrexate or various disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. A total of 66 different synovitis scoring systems were constructed and evaluated, including 11 different joint combinations; data derived from clinical findings, gray‐scale US, and power Doppler US (PDUS); and both binary counts and semiquantitative scores.ResultsDue to discontinuation of the trial, only 62 patients, a subset of the initially planned number of patients, were included in this study. Reliability was found to be better for gray‐scale US and PDUS than for clinical evaluation of synovitis in patients with stable disease between the screening and baseline visits (range for intraclass correlation coefficient 0.6, 0.95 for gray‐scale US and 0.56, 0.93 for PDUS versus 0.31, 0.75 for clinical indices). The median (range) difference in the discriminant capacities of clinical indices versus gray‐scale US and versus PDUS was 0.25 (−0.64, 0.96) and −0.025 (−0.59, 0.53), respectively, in the period from baseline to 12 weeks. No relevant differences in metrologic properties were observed regarding the number and composition of joints between the different scoring systems. Our findings suggested that a simplified scoring system referring to gray‐scale US and PDUS findings might be sufficient.ConclusionOur findings indicate that gray‐scale US and PDUS have better reliability than generally used clinical indices for evaluating synovitis in RA. PDUS has at least as good discriminant capacity as clinical assessment of synovitis for distinguishing between treatment arms.
Design concepts and strategies for tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Chung Sangwon , King Martin W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractIn the emerging field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, new viable and functional tissue is fabricated from living cells cultured on an artificial matrix in a simulated biological environment. It is evident that the specific requirements for the three main components, cells, scaffold materials, and the culture environment, are very different, depending on the type of cells and the organ‐specific application. Identifying the variables within each of these components is a complex and challenging assignment, but there do exist general requirements for designing and fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds. Therefore, this review explores one of the three main components, namely, the key concepts, important parameters, and required characteristics related to the development and evaluation of tissue engineering scaffolds. An array of different design strategies will be discussed, which include mimicking the extra cellular matrix, responding to the need for mass transport, predicting the structural architecture, ensuring adequate initial mechanical integrity, modifying the surface chemistry and topography to provide cell signaling, and anticipating the material selection so as to predict the required rate of bioresorption. In addition, this review considers the major challenge of achieving adequate vascularization in tissue engineering constructs, without which no three‐dimensional thick tissue such as the heart, liver, and kidney can remain viable.
Single‐nucleotide polymorphism array coupled with multiple displacement amplification: Accuracy and spatial resolution for analysis of chromosome copy numbers in few cells
Authors: Ling Jiawei , Deng Yu , Long Xiaolin , Liu Jianqiao , Du Hongzi , Cao Baoqiang , Xu Kangpu 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWhen coupled with multiple displacement amplification (MDA), microarray‐based comparative genomic intensity allows detection of chromosome copy number aberrations even in single or few cells, but the actual performance of the system and their influencing factors have not been well defined. Here, using single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, we analyzed copy number profiles from DNA amplified by MDA in 1–10 cells and estimated the accuracy and spatial resolution of the analysis. Based on the concordance of SNP copy numbers for DNA with and without MDA, the accuracy of the system can be significantly enhanced by using MDA‐amplified DNA as reference and also by increasing the cell numbers. Analyses under different smoothing treatments revealed a practical resolution of 2 Mb for 10 cells and 10 Mb for a single cell. When both cells with known chromosomal duplication and deletion were analyzed, this platform detected a copy number “loss” more accurately than a “gain” (P < 0.01), particularly in single‐cell MDA products. Together, we demonstrated that SNP array coupled with MDA is reliable and efficient for detection of copy number aberrations in a small number of cells, and its accuracy and resolution can both be significantly enhanced with increasing the number of cells as MDA template.
Untersuchungen zum Feuchteverhalten und zur Porosität von thermisch modifiziertem Holz
Authors: Krackler Verena , Ammann Samuel , Camathias Ueli , Niemz Peter 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAn in Normalklima (20 °C, 65 % rel. LF) konditionierten Proben aus Fichten‐, Buchen‐ und Eschenholz wurde der Einfluss einer thermischen Behandlung (Stickstoffatmosphäre, 170 bis 180 °C) auf das Verhalten gegenüber Feuchteänderungen untersucht. In Anlehnung an DIN EN ISO 15148:2003‐03 bzw. DIN EN ISO 12572: 2001‐09 wurden die Sorptionsgeschwindigkeit, Wasserdampfdiffusionswiderstandszahl, der Wasseraufnahmekoeffizient und ergänzend mittels Quecksilberdruckporosimetrie der Porenanteil bestimmt. Infolge der thermischen Behandlung wurden die Rohdichten von Buche und Esche reduziert (bis –20 %) und die Gesamtporenvolumen erhöht (+3,2 % bzw. +23,4 %). Die thermisch behandelte Fichte hingegen weist zum Teil höhere Rohdichtewerte (+9 %) und damit eine Reduzierung des mittleren Porenanteils (–10 %) auf. Generell bewirkt das verwendete Modifizierungsverfahren eine Abnahme der Sorptionsgeschwindigkeit (bis –62 %) und des Wasseraufnahmekoeffizienten (bis –76 %) sowie eine Anhebung der Wasserdampfdiffusionswiderstandszahl (bis +574 %). Aus den gewonnenen Ergebnissen lässt sich ableiten, dass das Diffusions‐ und Sorptionsverhalten von thermisch vergütetem Holz weniger von der Änderung der Dichte und des Porenvolumenanteils, sondern mehr durch die Modifizierung hervorgerufene Hydrophobierung beeinflusst wird.Investigation on moisture behaviour and porosity of thermally modified timber. The influence of thermal modification (nitrogen atmosphere, 170 to 180 °C) on the moisture behaviour of samples of spruce, beech and ash conditioned under standard climatic conditions (20 °C, 65 % relative humidity) was investigated. The sorption rate, water vapour resistance factor and water absorption coefficient were tested according to DIN EN ISO 15148: 2003‐03 and DIN EN ISO 12572:2001‐09. Further, the pore volume was determined using mercury porosimetry. As a consequence of the thermal treatment, the raw density of beech and ash was reduced (up to +20 %) and the total pore volume increased (+3.2 and +23.4 % respectively). The thermally modified spruce, in contrast, partially showed increased raw density values (+9 %) and thus a reduction of the pore portion (–10 %). Generally, treatment results in a decrease of the sorption rate (up to –62 %) and the water absorption coefficient (up to –76 %) as well as an increase of the water vapour resistance factor (up to +574 %). It can be derived from the determined results that the sorption and diffusion behaviour is not dependent on the increase (spruce) or the decrease (beech and ash) of the density and changes in pore volume portion involved, respectively. Primarily it is influenced by the hydrophobising of the thermal treatment.
Production and secretion of recombinant thaumatin in tobacco hairy root cultures
Authors: Pham Ngoc Bich , Schäfer Holger , Wink Michael 
Published: November 2011

AbstractProduction of recombinant proteins in plant cell or organ cultures and their secretion into the plant cell culture medium simplify the purification procedure and increase protein yield. In this study, the sweet‐tasting protein thaumatin I was expressed and successfully secreted from tobacco hairy root cultures. The presence of an ER signal peptide appears to be crucial for the secretion of thaumatin: without an ER signal peptide, no thaumatin was detectable in the spent medium, whereas inclusion of the ER signal peptide calreticulin fused to the N terminus of thaumatin led to the secretion of thaumatin into the spent medium of hairy root cultures at concentrations of up to 0.21 mg/L. Extracellular thaumatin levels reached a maximum after 30 days (stationary phase) and the subsequent decline was linked to the rapid increase of proteases in the medium. Significant amounts of thaumatin were trapped in the apoplastic space of the root cells. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium chloride into the culture medium led to an increase of extracellular thaumatin amounts up to 1.4 and 2.63 mg/L, respectively. Thaumatin production compares well with yields from other transgenic plants, so that tobacco hairy roots can be considered an alternative production platform of thaumatin.See accompanying commentary by Eva Stoger DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100472
The UNCRC and Social Workers' Relationships with Young Children
Authors: Winter Karen 
Published: November 2011

In the UK, The Munro Review of Child Protection (2010, 2011a, 2011b) has recently highlighted that among the failings in safeguarding children known to social services is the lack of meaningful relationships between social workers and children. In her final report, Munro (2011b) has made recommendations for a more child‐centred system anchored on two themes – the child's journey and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). This article illustrates by way of practical examples how the UNCRC, together with the detailed advice and guidance contained in the UNCRC general comments numbers 5, 7 and 12, provides the best framework for developing effective social work relationships with, and safeguarding, young children. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘In her final report, Munro has made recommendations for a more child‐centred system’
Role of age, post‐training consolidation, and conjunctive associations in the ontogeny of the context preexposure facilitation effect
Authors: Jablonski Sarah A. , Schiffino Felipe L. , Stanton Mark E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) is a variant of contextual fear conditioning in which context learning and context‐shock associations occur on separate occasions. The CPFE with an immediate shock emerges between Postnatal Day (PND) 17 and 24 in the rat and depends on hippocampal NMDA‐receptor function in PND 24 rats (Schiffino et al. [2011] Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 95(2):190–198). This study investigated this ontogenetic effect further and reports three findings: First, the CPFE is absent on PND 19 but emerges modestly in rats given exposure on PND 21. Second, the absence of the CPFE on PND 17 does not reflect inability to consolidate the context‐shock association established on the training day. Lastly, the CPFE on PND 24 requires exposure to the combined features of the context. These results are the first to show that the early development of contextual fear conditioning depends on conjunctive representations and that processes underlying the CPFE begin to emerge around PND 21 in the rat. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 714–722, 2012.
Cyclopentadienyl‐, Indenyl‐ and Fluorenyl‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Royo Beatriz , Peris Eduardo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis microreview focuses on the preparation of metal complexes with N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands linked to cyclopentadienyl (and related indenyl and fluorenyl) rings. Since the description of the first Ti and V complexes in 2006, the field has grown to afford a large number of new complexes, in which the metals range from early to late transition metals. The ligands that are now available not only include a wide set of cyclopentadienyl‐, indenyl‐ and fluorenyl‐NHCs with a variety of tethers, but may even present chirality. Several catalytic applications of the new complexes are described, including borrowing hydrogen processes (transfer hydrogenation, β‐alkylation of secondary alcohols, alkylation of amines with primary alcohols), hydrosilylation of aldehydes, epoxidation and hydroformylation of olefins, among others.
[Co(μ‐ox)(Hpmtz)] – A New CoII Zig‐Zag Chain Complex with the In Situ Generated Oxalate Bridging and Hpmtz Chelating Ligands (Hpmtz = 5‐pyrimidyltetrazole) Exhibiting Spin‐Canted Antiferromagnetism
Authors: Rodríguez‐Diéguez A. , Seco José Manuel , Colacio E. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe compound [Co(μ‐ox)(Hpmtz)] (Hpmtz = 5‐pyrimidyltetrazole, ox = oxalate) has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions by reacting CoCl2·6H2O with 2‐cyanopyrimidine and sodium azide. Both ox and Hpmtz ligands were generated in situ during the hydrothermal reaction. The structure of [Co(µ‐ox)(Hpmtz)] consists of oxalate‐bridged CoII zig‐zag chains bearing Hpmtz chelating ligands. These chains form layers in the ab plane via π···π stacking interactions involving the pmtz ligands belonging to neighbouring chains. Layers stack along the c axis with an ABAB sequence and are glued by cooperative C9–H···O4 interactions leading to a 3D structure. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that this compound shows spin‐canted antiferromagnetism (weak ferromagnetism) with TC = 6.5 K.
Synthesis and Organocatalytic Applications of Imidazol(in)ium‐2‐thiocarboxylates (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 35/2011)
Authors: Hans Morgan , Wouters Johan , Demonceau Albert , Delaude Lionel 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows a cartoon rendition of 1,3‐dicyclohexylimidazolium 2‐thiocarboxylate as a shrimp with small, flexible claws and an unsymmetrical cap. Also depicted are the carboxylate and dithiocarboxylate adducts of other N‐heterocyclic “crabenes” bearing bulky mesityl or 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl substituents on their nitrogen atoms. NHC·COS zwitterions form a new class of betaines whose properties, including thermal stabilities determined by thermogravimetric analysis, are intermediate between those exhibited by the corresponding NHC·CO2 and NHC·CS2 inner salts. Details of their synthesis, properties, and organocatalytic applications are discussed in the article by L. Delaude et al. on p. 7083 ff. The graphical skills of Dr. François Nicks are acknowledged for this bestiary of chemical crustaceans.magnified image
Recent novel MEKC applications to analyze free amino acids in different biomatrices: 2009–2010
Authors: Viglio Simona , Fumagalli Marco , Ferrari Fabio , Bardoni Anna , Salvini Roberta , Giuliano Serena , Iadarola Paolo 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis report intends to provide an updated overview of the most important methodological developments of MEKC in the field of qualitative/quantitative analysis of free amino acids in different matrices. A good number of articles published in the years 2009–2010 addresses the main applications of such procedures together with their advantages and/or drawbacks. The usefulness of chiral CE selective methods for the separation ofD‐amino acids in biological and food samples and the use of microchips, as well as other foreseen trends in different areas, are also discussed.
Inflated type I error rates when using aggregation methods to analyze rare variants in the 1000 Genomes Project exon sequencing data in unrelated individuals: summary results from Group 7 at Genetic Analysis Workshop 17
Authors: Tintle Nathan , Aschard Hugues , Hu Inchi , Nock Nora , Wang Haitian , Pugh Elizabeth 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAs part of Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 (GAW17), our group considered the application of novel and standard approaches to the analysis of genotype‐phenotype association in next‐generation sequencing data. Our group identified a major issue in the analysis of the GAW17 next‐generation sequencing data: type I error and false‐positive report probability rates higher than those expected based on empirical type I error levels (as high as 90%). Two main causes emerged: population stratification and long‐range correlation (gametic phase disequilibrium) between rare variants. Population stratification was expected because of the diverse sample. Correlation between rare variants was attributable to both random causes (e.g., nearly 10,000 of 25,000 markers were private variants, and the sample size was small [n = 697]) and nonrandom causes (more correlation was observed than was expected by random chance). Principal components analysis was used to control for population structure and helped to minimize type I errors, but this was at the expense of identifying fewer causal variants. A novel multiple regression approach showed promise to handle correlation between markers. Further work is needed, first, to identify best practices for the control of type I errors in the analysis of sequencing data and then to explore and compare the many promising new aggregating approaches for identifying markers associated with disease phenotypes. Genet. Epidemiol. 35:S56–S60, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel bayesian graphical model for genome‐wide multi‐SNP association mapping
Authors: Zhang Yu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractMost disease association mapping algorithms are based on hypothesis testing procedures that test one variant at a time. Those methods lose power when the disease mutations are jointly tagged by multiple variants, or when gene‐gene interaction exist. Nearby variants are also correlated, for which procedures ignoring the dependence between variants will inevitably produce redundant results. With a large number of variants genotyped in current genome‐wide disease association studies, simultaneous multivariant association mapping algorithms are strongly desired. We present a novel Bayesian method for automatic detection of multivariant joint association in genome‐wide case‐control studies. Our method has improved power and specificity over existing tools. We fit a joint probabilistic model to the entire data and identify disease variants simultaneously. The method dynamically accounts for the strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between variants. As a result, only the primary disease variants will be identified, with all secondary associations due to LD effects filtered out. Our method better pinpoints the disease variants with improved resolution. The method is also computationally efficient for genome‐wide studies. When applied to a real data set of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) containing 401,473 variants in 4,720 individuals, our method detected all previously reported IBD loci in the same data, and recovered two missed loci. We further detected two novel interchromosome interactions. The first is between STAT3 and PARD6G, and the second is between DLG5 and an intergenic region at 5p14. We further validated the two interactions in an independent study.
Age‐Related Physiological Responses to Working in Deep Cold
Authors: Kluth Karsten , Penzkofer Mario , Strasser Helmut 
Published: December 2011

AbstractProfessional order‐picking in deep cold‐storage depots (i.e., storing, picking, and dispatching of frozen groceries) requires employees to remain working at temperatures of approximately −24°C for a whole workday. Actually, a well‐regulated organization of working times and breaks has not been established, and no competent knowledge exists as to whether an additional age‐differentiated organization is necessary. To assess the physiological effects while working in deep cold, 30 male subjects (Ss) were classified into two age groups (20‐ to 35‐year‐olds and 40‐ to 65‐year‐olds). In whole workday tests, possible age‐dependent effects on the strain were measured to guarantee the preservation of the subjects' ability to work in the long run. For the objectification of the physiological strain, heart rate and skin surface temperature were registered continuously, and blood pressure and body core temperature were measured and recorded discretely during cold exposures of 80, 100, and 120 min, separated by 20‐min warming‐up breaks. Systematic differences of blood pressure could not be found. The heart rate values indicated a high physiological strain for both younger and older Ss, with work‐related increases above the resting level of 30 bpm and more. Due to increases over time, endurance level sometimes was exceeded. Age‐related differences in skin temperature could not be recorded, but the ability to generate heat deteriorated with advancing age, which is shown by more substantial decreases of body core temperature in the group of 40‐ to 65‐year‐olds taken at the tympanum. Regarding physiological strain brought about by maximum heart rate decreasing with age and declined heat generation, correspondingly adapted workday break regimes have to be provided for older employees to ensure their ability to work in the long run. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DESIGN METHODS OF PRESSURIZED IRRIGATION NETWORKS
Authors: González‐Cebollada César , Macarulla Bibiana 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper offers a comparison between the main methods of designing a pressurized irrigation network. The methods are applied to two networks: a small example network and a real irrigation network (located in Fonz, Huesca province, Spain). After presenting and defining the design problem, the theoretical foundations of the main existing design methods are reviewed. These methods are: maximum velocity, recommended velocity, Mougnie velocity, constant hydraulic slope, Lagrange multipliers, linear programming, Labye's method, genetic algorithms and recursive design. Implementation of each is explained.The Example and Fonz networks are then presented with detailed information in figures and tables. The design methods were applied to both networks and results are shown with bar graphs. Final costs were very different depending on the method used. Methods without economic considerations in their formulations (functional methods) were more expensive than advanced methods with internal economic targets. In this comparison, the Lagrange multipliers method and recursive design method were less expensive solutions in both networks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.