bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching www.psychiatrynet.eu
Authors: Harten P.N. van , Hoek H.W. 
Published: March 2009

The European portal www.psychiatrynet.eu offers a selection of high quality links for the practising psychiatrist, but also for researchers in psychiatry. The editorial board has selected websites for 16 categories of psychiatric disorders, following the DSM system. There are also links related to treatment, specific areas of interest and more general categories.For example, if your are looking for guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia, you will find a brief (3-6 lines) description of the NICE and APA guidelines and a link to these guidelines (in PDF) in the category psychotic disorders. You can search on a wide variety of relevant and checked information, like what are the international organisations on eating disorders or on specific substance abuse. If you want to know the names of the members of the DSM-V workgroups or the journal impact factors 2007, you can find it under general categories or by using the search function of www.psychiatrynet.eu.
Elderly Abuse in Turkey
Authors: Icelli I. 
Published: March 2009

In Turkey, in the families who moved from rural settlements into city, the young peoples go to work and the grand parents take care of the little children at home. When the grand parents become old, there will be no one who can take care of them. This situation shows two solutions: to move back to their native environment or to be settled in a nursing home. If they have no where to go, these nursing homes are their only chance.The private nursing and caring homes, from the point of quality, are not in the same equality. The low-quality institutions are more familiar to the abuse. The residents of these institutions expect kindness, affection and warmth, but they never receive these expectations.A new kind of elderly abuse in Turkey is the Automatic Transfer Machines thefts. On the paydays the thief comes next to the machine, offers help to the elderly who came to take his retirement salary from the machine; the thief takes the ATM card, put in the hole, ask the password, enter it and take the money and run with a high speed. The poor old person looks after.There are no criminal codes yet which cover the elderly abuse in Turkey. Those kinds of incidents are taken as ordinary police incidents. The administration is now in preparation of a new program and a new regulation.
Interepisode Functioning of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Aydemir O. 
Published: March 2009

Even though bipolar disorder is suggested to have a benign course with episodes and remissions, it has been shown that interepisode functioning of bipolar disorder is not so good. Subclinical residual mood symptoms are found to be in 24% of bipolar patients during remission. Furthermore, it appears that 30-60% of individuals with bipolar disorder fail to regain full functioning in occupational and social domains. In cognitive domain, euthymic bipolar patients demonstrate relatively marked impairment in aspects of executive function such as processing speed and verbal fluency, sustained attention, and verbal memory.It is estimated that 30-50% of largely remitted patients fail to attain premorbid levels of psychosocial functioning due to their cognitive impairment. It is also suggested that the subsyndromal residual depressive symptoms have substantial effect on the persistence of cognitive and psychosocial impairment after remission. Thus, residual symptoms play an important role in the inter-episode functioning of the bipolar patients.In the assessment of interepisode functioning, subjective QOL in bipolar patients may not accurately reflect objective functional outcome status. Especially, in the subjective assessment of cognitive functions, bipolar patients tend to over-estimate themselves. There is only weak to moderate correlation between subjective cognitive complains and objective cognitive tests. Therefore, it would be more accurate to assess the inter-episode functioning of the bipolar patients via objective tests and ratings.
Consultation Liason Issues in the Training of Psychiatry Residents in Portugal
Authors: Castro L.C. 
Published: March 2009

Background:It is widely recognized the importance of Consultation Liaison (C-L) training for general psychiatry residents. The present International and European panorama is diverse among countries which reflect different cultural, historical and political backgrounds.Aim:To present the postgraduate training in C-L Psychiatry during Psychiatry Residency in Portugal and discuss it in a trans-european perspective.Methods:Review of the literature. MEDLINE and PubMed databases searches, using combinations of the Medline Subject Heading terms consultation-liaison psychiatry and training, residency, internship.Results:In Portugal, during postgraduate training, rotation to a C-L psychiatry service is mandatory, with a minimal duration of three months. It is possible to prolong the duration of the stage for several months as an optional rotation training. National psychiatric directives define generally the core competencies and skills to acquire during the C-L Psychiatry training. There are no specific national guidelines for C-L Psychiatry training. There is no C-L Psychiatry speciality or sub-speciality. Liaison Psychiatry is practised in general hospitals where there is a psychiatric unit.Conclusions:Portuguese psychiatry residents are exposed to C-L work as part of their clinical experience in general psychiatry as the national psychiatry residency training program include three months minimum of compulsory training in C-L Psychiatry in a general hospital. It is crucial to reflect on training issues in C-L Psychiatry in Portugal and Europe, since it is a step to a common path of higher quality and homogeneity of training across european countries.
The perspective of German-speaking Countries for the Future work to Develop ICD-11
Authors: Gaebel W. 
Published: March 2009

In the course of the revision of the International Classification of Mental Disorders (currently 10th revision, hence ICD-10), an international scientific partnership network group was founded by the World Health Organisation (Chair: N. Sartorius, Geneva) in order to review the international scientific evidence of putative significance for the revision of ICD-10 in different language areas.In the course of this project we reviewed several areas of activity that may be of importance for the review process to develop ICD-11. First of all, general questions arise about how a psychiatric classification system should be organized. Will it still depend on classical psychopathological information with additional information from imaging, genetic and laboratory studies, and finally the patient history? An alternative approach is based on functional psychopathology be based on functional neural modules which represent functional activities of the human brain and their disturbances in mental disorders. Another area of debate is whether dimensions rather than categories shall lay a new foundation for the classification of mental disorders. A further issue arises when considering narrative elements of psychiatric history taking. In how far can or should such factors be integrated? All these questions are interwoven with the classical German contributions to psychiatric nosology by Kraepelin and Bleuler, which will be reassessed on the background of these current topics in revising ICD-10.
Psychotherapy Training. How Can Skills be Assessed?
Authors: Lindhardt A. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Psychotherapy training is a sensitive treatment based upon the confidence between therapist and patient. And a specific focus on ethical conduct is needed because of the dependencey relation which to a certain degree is a therapeutic tool.Different types of psychjotherapy requires different assement and evaluation techniques. from listenng to auditapes, the use of video tapes, and supervion based on process notes.The advantages and draw back of different techniqes will be discussed and the recommendations from UEMS on psychotheraoy training will be included in the presentation
Influence of the Mother’s Emotional State on Infant Irritability is Moderated by the 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism
Authors: Sanjuan J. , Ivorra J.L. , Jover M. , Carot J.M. , de Frutos R. , Molto M.D. 
Published: March 2009

The serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) may moderate an individual's response to stress. This study analyzes how the infant 5-HTTLPR may interact with the level of their mother's emotional state to affect infant irritability.A prospective study was carried out with 314 newborns and their mothers. Infant irritability and the mother emotional state were evaluated at 8 and 32 weeks after childbirth. These variables were correlated with the 5-HTTLPR genotypes of both the infants and their mothers. The irritability score of infants with the s allele of 5-HTTLPR showed a linear relationship with their mother's anxiety at both 8 (P= 0.009) and 32 weeks (P= 0.008). In Infants carrying the ll genotype irritability was independent of their mother's anxiety.This study provided evidence that the promoter 5-HTTLPR polymorphism could moderate the influence of the mother's anxiety on infant irritability.
Essential Features in Outpatient Care of Severely Mentally Individuals
Authors: Burns T. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:Most community mental health services have evolved in response to the downsizing and closing of mental hospitals. Their form varies in different health care settings and their evolution was rarely subjected to formal evaluation. The introduction of Assertive Community Treatment in 1980 lead to a flurry of research activity which yielded conflicting results. Examination of these results provides the opportunity to distinguish essential from redundant components of care.Methods:Two separate studies were conducted - a systematic review followed by cluster and regression analysis of reported components of care and a secondly a meta-regression analysis of published studies.Results:The meta-regression demonstrated that most of the variation in hospitalization outcome was due to differences in baseline hospital usage. Staffing levels (e.g. caseloads) were not found to be crucial but multi-disciplinary working and integrated psychiatrists were. The systematic review indicated the importance of integration of health and social care and outreach.Conclusions:Multidisciplinary teams which include both social workers and psychiatrists and which focus on visiting patients at home are highly successful in managing severely ill patients in the community. Many of the detailed requirements proposed for ACT teams are probably superfluous.
Drug Interactions with Antidementia Drugs: Clinical Consequences
Authors: de Mendonça Lima C.A. 
Published: March 2009

Alzheimer" disease (AD) is a major public health problem, and it is at the origin of a significant burden: 15% of direct costs in dementia are attributed to pharmacological treatment. Persons with dementia often have comorbidities and receive multiple medications. Both factors increase the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) which can result in adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In a study, a total of 1058 spontaneous reports were identified that involved cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) in the French Pharmacovigilance Database; 35.5% contained at least one DDI; 118 of them (31.4%) were the cause of ADRs. Pharmacodynamic interactions play a far greater role than pharmacokinetic interactions in the significance of DDIs. Some known interactions with ChEIs are:1.atropinic drugs aggravate cognitive disorders;2.combinations of ChEIs and antipsychotics are associated with an increased risk of extrapyramidal adverse effects;3.combining ChEIs with drugs that reduce the heart rate, depress cardiac conduction, or induce torsades de pointes increases the risk of arrhythmias and cardiac conduction disorders.Recent studies suggest that the therapeutic response in Alzheimer"s disease is genotype specific, depending on genes associated with AD pathogenesis and/or genes responsible for drug metabolism. APOEe4/e4 genotype carriers are the poorest responders to treatments. Some ChEIs are metabolized via CYP-related enzymes and can interact with other drugs that are substrates, inhibitors or inducers of the CYP system. Health professionals should be aware of the potential adverse effects of ChEIs, including the possible DDIs and antagonist effects with other drugs.
Posttraumatic Disorders in Patients with Substance Use Disorders: A German Multi-center Study
Authors: Schäfer I. 
Published: March 2009

Aims:This multi-center study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the level of dissociative symptoms in a German population of patients with different substance use disorders (SUD).Method:A total of 459 participants (59.7% male) were recruited in 14 study centers. Of these, 182 (39.7%) were alcohol dependent (A), 154 (33.6%) were drug-dependent (D), and 123 (26.8%) were dependent on both, alcohol and drugs (AD). Diagnostic measures included the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and the Posttraumatic diagnostic scale (PDS). The International Diagnostic Checklists (IDCL) were used to confirm DSM-IV diagnoses of PTSD and SUD.Results:25.3% of the subjects had PTSD confirmed by both IDCL and PDS. Higher rates were found in the AD (34.1%) and D (29.9%) groups as compared to group A (15.4%, p < .001). Similarly, rates of dissociative symptoms as measured by the DES differed significantly between the different subgroups (AD: M=15.1±11.3; D: M=12.9±11.7; A: M=9.9±8.8; p < .001). In a stepwise linear regression model, childhood trauma severity was associated with dissociation independent from current PTSD. The relationships between SUD group and dissociation ceased to be statistically significant when age and gender were included in the model.Conclusion:The findings support significant rates of PTSD and dissociative symptoms in patients with SUD and marked differences between the different SUD subgroups. The complex relationship between childhood trauma, dissociation, and PTSD in patients with SUD requires more research.
Developing Services for Schizophrenia in Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia
Authors: Agius M. , Blinc-Pesek M. , Ivezic S. , Martic-Biocina S. , Svab V. , Gruber E. , Kulenovic A. Dzubur 
Published: March 2009

Along the coast of the Adriatic, several small projects have developed to improve treatment of patients with Schizophrenia. All these projects have benefited from links with the Department of Psychiatry in Cambridge.In Ljubljana, The Ljubljana Prodrome Project has developed a system of early intervention and treatment which has a strong research arm. It has contributed knowledge about how psychosis develops, and shown that treatment in the prodromal phase of illness gives patients significant advantages.The Assertive Outreach Team in Ljubljana Psychiatric Hospital has reduced readmissions for the chronic patients it deals with. Case Management in the Community has also been established at Vrapce Hospital Zagreb, where there has also been established a ward for first episodes of Psychosis. Non Governmental Organisations have been working with patients and their families in Central Croatia, using group interventions for carers.In Sarajevo, one doctor is working with identifying psychosis early.All of these projects are successful and amount to a major contribution in improving treatment for schizophrenia for patients in these countries.Staff from Croatia and Slovenia have visited the UK to learn Early Detection and Intervention techniques and case management.Further development nationally of these techniques for delivery of Mental Health Care in the Community is now awaited.
Proposals for a New Identity of Young Psychiatrists in Europe
Authors: Fiorillo A. , Volpe U. 
Published: March 2009

The professional identity of psychiatrists is recently generating controversies and uncertainty, which are reflected in psychiatric education and training throughout Europe.In Europe, the organization of psychiatric education and training mostly depends on the range of mental health services available at individual sites. It has been recently proposed residents to rotate compulsory in different settings, such as hospital wards, outpatient clinics and community services, in order to learn how to provide different interventions for the different mental disorders. Moreover, while young psychiatrists are skilled in several pharmacological and psychosocial interventions to be provided in the community, they seem to be less experienced in providing these interventions within an hospital framework. The need for “balancing” community- and hospital-based mental health care needs to be specifically addressed during psychiatric training.The shortage of funds for research projects is one of the major challenges for young researchers. In most European countries, it is becoming more and more difficult to have access to independent funds. National and international networks, as well as exchange programmes involving residents and young researchers, should be promoted.Finally, it has been documented that residents in psychiatry are at a high-risk of “professional isolation”, which may contribute to the development of burn-out symptoms, particularly frequent among young colleagues.Difficulties faced by young psychiatrists in the above-mentioned domains of psychiatry are illustrated and possible solutions discussed on the basis of recent results from European research networks involving young psychiatrists.
Cultural and Economic Factors in European Psychiatry Guidance
Authors: Christodoulou G. 
Published: March 2009

Europe can hardly be considered as homogeneous. There are gross historical, climatological, cultural, developmental, religious, political and economic differences that render generalizations inappropriate and European “globalization” a mission impossible (and, by and large, undesirable).Psychiatry is no exception to the above and in the historical evolution of our discipline, psychiatric practice has varied. Because this evolution has followed a different course and has occurred at a different pace in the various parts of Europe, the present situation reflects all these developmental stages, thus rendering homogeneity questionable.In spite of these differences, however, there is a degree of consensus regarding the basic requirements for the practice of our discipline and the desired competencies of its practitioners. The development of a common language through the modern classification systems, the organizations of specialist psychiatrists (e.g. the UEMS) the WPA and the European Psychiatric Associations have played a useful role in the harmonization of psychiatric practices and are expected to play a more useful role in the future.In conclusion, what is required (and what can be realistically achieved) is consensus on some basic clinical, research, administrative and teaching requirements, in association with agreement on the basic ethical principles of our profession and, basically, the beneficence and non maleficence principles. European Psychiatry Guidance should involve these basic requirements that can be achieved by all European countries.
Theory and Characteristics of IPT. IPT in Spain
Authors: Solé-Puig J. 
Published: March 2009

Gerald Klerman, Myrna Weissman and colleagues (Basic Books, New York, 1984) created IPT as a psychotherapeutical agent, analogous to a psychopharmacological one, antidepressants. With psychodynamic roots, IPT shows cognitive behavioral aspects: therapeutic stance, problem-solving attitude and the encouraging role of the therapist; he/she does not give homework to the patient. IPT overlaps with family therapy, but is mainly individual, although other formats (couple, groups) exist. As an eclectic formalization of procedures often used by psychiatrists, IPT is a semistructured way to guide the patient over a few months. It is user-friendly, confortable and well-accepted. IPT shows a solid ground based more on empiric knowledge and less on belief systems. So, school faithes should not obstacle IPT to improve with research and even be a model for it in the field. Psychotherapeutic training should include at least the psychodynamic, the cognitiv-behavioral and the interpersonal approach.I translated the original manual's Part II included in “Psicoterapia Interpersonal” (Elsevier, Barcelona, 1998), the only Spanish IPT textbook in use. In the Comprehensive Guide to IPT (Weissman, Markowitz & Klerman, 2000) I am quoted as its introducer in Spain. Members of the Sociedad Española de Terapia Interpersonal -psychiatrists and psychologists, mainly- have given presentations and imparted courses in Spain and abroad (Portugal, Latin America). Since my seminal 1995 paper “Qué es y donde está la psicoterapia interpersonal” (Revista de Psiquiatría, 6:141-159), a number of Spanish papers have been produced. Spanish research programmes on IPT are still lacking, although promising initiatives have been published in local journals.
The Cycle of Violence - an Outdated Concept for Forensic Psychiatry?
Authors: Laubacher A. 
Published: March 2009

The cycle of violence theory proposed in the early sixties suggested that children growing up exposed to violence would themselves become violent.Testing this theory incidence studies found elevated levels of child abuse in offender populations compared to the general public, whereas prospective studies found significant associations between child abuse and subsequent adult criminality. However, prospective studies also showed that a large proportion of children exposed to violence did not grow up to become violent or criminal, which in turn lead to the assumption that the cycle of violence theory was to be rejected.Recent studies have found indications of more specific relationships between early traumata and subsequent adult criminality. For example elevated levels of both risky sexual behavior as well as adult sexual victimization experiences have been found in persons having suffered childhood sexual abuse (CSA). These findings have raised the question if a specific association exists between the experience of CSA and subsequent adult sex offending.
Zurich Victim Protection Charter
Authors: Urbaniok F. 
Published: March 2009

Every person has the right to not become a victim of violent or sex offenses.There is neither absolute certainty, nor “the solution” when dealing with violent and sex offenders. A society has many options for lowering the risks and for protecting its citizens. The focus on aspects of prevention in handling offenders plays a central role. Unfortunately, many countries show sizable deficits in areas of prevention:•No effective, social lobby for subjects on victim protection.•Political discussions are often characterized by ideologies and follow stereotypical rightist-leftist-schemata.•For legal- dogmatic reasons, the principle of prevention is treated subordinate to that of guilt.•This is where the Zurich Victim Protection Charter comes into play.The Charter formulates 10 principles regarding prevention and victim protection. It's a statement against violent and sex offenses, but not against offenders. It pleads for a pragmatic strategy in dealing with offenses, offenders and risks. It demands adequate consideration of the rights and needs of (potential) victims.The charter was formulated in Zurich in 2008 and has recently been posted on the internet with the aim of collecting enough signatures to give it political weight.The initiators are convinced that subjects on victim protection can gain (social) political majorities and that the focus on prevention during criminal proceedings and correctional practices must receive the same status as the guilt principle. This is the central demand of the Zurich Victim Protection Charter, the contents and goals of which will be presented.