bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of two Real‐Time RT‐PCR assays for quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA: Evaluation on HCV genotypes 1–4
Authors: Elkady Abeer , Tanaka Yasuhito , Kurbanov Fuat , Sugauchi Fuminaka , Sugiyama Masaya , Khan Anis , Ali Elsayed Mostafa , Mouhamed Layla , Abou el‐fetouh Sahar , AbdEl‐Hameed AbdEl‐Rahaman , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractAccuracy for monitoring of the concentration of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA represents a major challenge throughout the management of patients with chronic hepatitis C. To investigate the genotype‐independent efficiency and the accuracy of two real‐time detection reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays; the Cobas Ampliprep/Cobas TaqMan (CAP/CTM); and the Abbott RealTime HCV (ART), a total of 184 samples with different HCV subtypes were examined; 1b (n = 58), 2a (n = 39), 2b (n = 26), 3a (n = 20), and 4 (n = 41). A robust linear correlation was observed between the two assays applied to genotypes 1b, 2a, 2b, and 3a [the correlation coefficient (R) ranged from 0.99 to 0.98], but not to genotype 4 specimens (R = 0.78). A significant difference in measurements of HCV RNA using CAP/CTM and ART in serum samples with genotypes 1b and 4 was observed (0.72, −0.53 log IU/ml, P < 0.0001, 0.01, respectively). A robust correlation was observed between the HCV core antigen and HCV RNA values by either of the HCV RNA quantitation assays applied to all genotypes with exception of genotype 4, for which R was higher with ART (R = 0.95) than with CAP/CTM (R = 0.80). The lower limit of detection of CAP/CTM and ART were 41.4 and 28.5 IU/ml using the WHO standards, respectively. In conclusion, two RT‐PCR assays had a high efficiency and accuracy for quantitation of HCV RNA of genotypes 2a, 2b, and 3a, but the mean values of HCV RNA differed for genotype 1b and 4. J. Med. Virol. 82:1878–1888, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laser Welding of Plastics — a Neat Thing
Authors: Brunnecker Frank , Sieben Manuel 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIndustry has been dealing with the joining of plastics for over half a century. The wish for an economically viable method of joining components was there already when the injection molding process was developed. With the advent of industrial laser technology, laser welding developed into a practical solution for many plastics joining problems.
Rejuvenating Engines with Rotating Internal Processing Heads
Authors: Kalawrytinos Stephan , Desmecht Hugues 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMuch is expected of large engines: In spite of most difficult working conditions and extreme stress resulting from abrasion, erosion and corrosion, their maximum availability is a must. Damages caused by wear affect the operational safety due to unexpected downtimes. The application of laser cladding to increase performance, profitability and service life of heavily stressed large engines is a wellproven technology.
Hardening of Small Components with High‐Power Diode Lasers
Authors: Reinl Steffen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHardening of metal parts is a common way to change properties of the material. Surface layer hardening processes are increasing the resistance against friction or pressure force loads. Conventional surface layer hardening processes are flame hardening or induction hardening. Hardening with a diode laser is an additional process that offers various advantages.
The potential of European Union policies to address soil degradation in agriculture
Authors: Louwagie G. , Gay S. H. , Sammeth F. , Ratinger T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSix of the soil degradation processes recognised at European Union (EU) level are closely linked to agriculture. Soil degradation implies a need for protection, maintenance and improvement of soil quality. However, due to the public good characteristics of soil quality, the market does not sufficiently assure its provision. Thus, policy intervention is required to reach desired levels of soil quality through appropriate practices. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of EU policies that have scope for addressing soil degradation in agriculture. To this aim, EU legislation and legislative proposals along with related evaluations and research projects were analysed with the intervention logic approach.To date, soil protection is not a specific objective of EU legislation but features in some policies as a secondary objective. Pursuing other environmental objectives contributes to some extent to soil quality, although not always effectively. The most important EU environmental directives for soil quality are the Nitrates Directive and the Water Framework Directive.Under the Common Agricultural Policy, the compulsory requirement to keep land in good agricultural and environmental condition plays an important role in soil protection and conservation. Rural development policy, in particular agri‐environment measures, offers Member States or regions options for encouraging farmers to achieve environmental quality beyond a predefined reference level.Overall, the study indicates that the existing EU policies have the potential to address all recognised soil degradation processes across the EU. Nevertheless, they should be well targeted and require appropriate farm management in order to reach desired levels of soil quality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in phase matching of second‐order nonlinearities in monolithic semiconductor waveguides
Authors: Helmy A.S. , Abolghasem P. , Stewart Aitchison J. , Bijlani B.J. , Han J. , Holmes B.M. , Hutchings D.C. , Younis U. , Wagner S.J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTechniques used to assist phase matching of second‐order nonlinearities in semiconductor waveguides are reviewed. The salient points of each method are highlighted, with their strengths and weaknesses with regard to various key applications discussed. Recent progress in these techniques is also reviewed. Emphasis is placed on two techniques, namely quasi‐phase matching via domain disordering utilizing quantum well intermixing, and exact phase matching using Bragg reflection waveguides.
Investigation of the influence of ECAP and cryogenic rolling on the mechanical properties of the aluminium alloy 7075
Authors: Fritsch S. , Hockauf M. , Schönherr R. , Hunger S. , Meyer L. W. , Wagner M. F.‐X. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie vorliegende Arbeit zeigt erste Ergebnisse zur Eigenschaftsoptimierung der gemeinhin schwer umformbaren und hochfesten Aluminiumknetlegierung EN AW7075. Es werden zwei unterschiedliche Umformverfahren betrachtet: Zum Einen wird das ECAP‐Verfahren (engl.: equal‐channel angular pressing) mit unterschiedlichen Werkzeugen angewendet; zum Andern werden Walzversuche bei zunehmend tieferen Temperaturen (bis –196°C) durchgeführt. In beiden Verfahren werden unterschiedliche Umformgrade eingestellt. Durch die gezielte Variation von Umformgrad und Umformtemperatur kann die Legierung 7075 durch ECAP umgeformt werden. Dies führt jedoch nur zu einer geringfügigen Verbesserung der mechanischen Eigenschaften. Durch das Tieftemperaturwalzen kann der Umformgrad noch einmal deutlich gesteigert werden, wobei es zu einer signifikanten Zunahme der Festigkeit sowie der Gleichmaßdehnung kommt. Diese Ergebnisse deuten perspektivisch auf die Möglichkeit hin, durch ECAP‐Umformung bei tiefen Temperaturen weitere Eigenschaftsverbesserungen zu erhalten. Sowohl das ECAP‐Verfahren als auch die Tieftemperaturumformung bieten ein Potenzial zur Herstellung ultrafeinkörniger, hochfester Aluminiumlegierungen mit neuen Eigenschaftsprofilen.The present study shows first results on the optimization of the mechanical properties of the high strength 7075 aluminium alloy, which is generally regarded as hard to deform. Two different deformation/ processing approaches are considered: On the one hand, the equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP) with different types of dies is utilized. On the other hand, (cold) rolling is performed with different, low temperatures (down to –196°C). Various degrees of deformation are realized with both methods. By systematically adjusting the degree of deformation and the deformation temperature, the AA7075 alloy can be processed by ECAP. However, only minor improvements of the mechanical properties can be achieved by this approach. Cryogenic rolling results in a further increase of the degree of deformation, and also of strength and ductility. These results indicate that further improvements of the mechanical properties may well be achieved by ECAP processing at low temperatures. Both ECAP and cryogenic rolling offer a high potential for the production of ultrafine‐grained high‐strength aluminium alloys with novel properties.
Production process of low damage Al/Mg compounds and analysis of the basic mechanical properties as well as the strength of the interface
Authors: Kittner K. , Binotsch C. , Awiszus B. , Lehmann T. , Stockmann M. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDer verstärkte Einsatz von Leichtbauwerkstoffen ist ein Zeichen eines sich verändernden Bewusstseins hinsichtlich Energie‐ und Ressourcenschonung. Verbundwerkstoffe nehmen dahingehend eine Schlüsselstellung ein. Im Folgenden wird auf die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung von Aluminium/Magnesium‐Verbunden eingegangen, die sich durch ein gutes Festigkeits‐Gewichts‐Verhältnis auszeichnen. Maßgeblich liegt der Schwerpunkt der Analysen auf dem Interface zwischen beiden Kontaktkörpern und besonders auf der Festigkeit und dem Versagensverhalten. Des Weiteren wurden die Grundeigenschaften des Halbzeuges untersucht. Auf Grund nicht zufrieden stellender Verbundqualität (partielle Verbunde) erfolgte neben der quantitativen und qualitativen Verbundanalyse eine Prozessoptimierung des hydrostatischen Verbundstrangpressens. So konnte durch die Umgestaltung der Matrize eine Verbesserung der Interfacequalität und eine Steigerung der Interfacefestigkeiten erreicht werden. Untersuchungen der Grundeigenschaften zeigen große Fließspannungsunterschiede der Einzelwerkstoffe und niedrige Eigenspannungswerte der Verbunde. Auf den Einfluss der Matrizengeometrie und somit auf die Spannungsentwicklung der Einzelmaterialien wird detailliert eingegangen. Des Weiteren werden die Einflussparameter des Herstellungsprozesses in einem Qualitätsmodell zusammengefasst.A sign for changing ecological awareness is the increasing use of lightweight materials. Compound materials such as aluminum/magnesium compounds are a key technology for limiting consumption of energy and resources. In the following, a hydrostatic co‐extrusion process and the manufactured compounds are investigated. Of special interest are the quality of the generated compounds, the failure and the strength of the compound or interface, respectively. Furthermore, the basic mechanical properties of the semi‐finished product are analyzed. Because of defects at the interface the production process was optimized. This paper presents the results of further investigations about the compound quality and the possibilities to describe the quality based on the stresses during the process. A better quality and higher interface strength is achieved by adaptations of the die geometry. The analysis of the basic material properties evidences different yield stresses of the aluminum and the magnesium material and low residual stresses. The influence of the die on the yield stress of the materials will be explained in detail. The awareness of the parameters results in a combined model to describe the quality and the strength of the compound.
Approaches for integration of customer requirements and revenues into the calculation and controlling of materials profits
Authors: Götze U. , Schmidt A. , Weber T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDer Lebenszykluserfolg von Werkstoffen wird nicht nur durch deren Kosten, sondern auch durch die in Abhängigkeit von ihnen erzielbaren Erlöse maßgeblich beeinflusst. Daher ist es nötig, sowohl diese Erlöse als auch die Kundenanforderungen, deren Erfüllung wiederum für die Erlöserzielung maßgeblich ist, systematisch und strukturiert in werkstoffbezogenen Entscheidungsprozessen zu berücksichtigen. Diesem bisher weitgehend vernachlässigten Aufgabengebiet widmet sich der Aufsatz, in dem zunächst die Schrittfolge eines werkstoffbezogenen Anforderungsmanagements sowie die potentiellen Beiträge der Conjoint‐Analyse und des Quality Function Deployment zu diesem dargestellt und diskutiert werden. Danach werden mit dem Conjoint+ Cost und dem Target Costing zwei Ansätze vorgestellt, die zur Prognose und gezielten Beeinflussung werkstoffabhängiger Erlöse nutzbar sind.The life cycle profit of materials is considerably influenced not only by their costs, but also by revenues which can be generated with them. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate systematically these revenues as well as customer requirements, whose fulfillment affects revenues to a high degree, into material‐referred decision‐making processes. This paper applies to this hitherto largely neglected field of activity. Initially, steps of a material‐specific requirements management as well as potential contributions to this by Conjoint Analysis and Quality Function Deployment are presented and discussed. Subsequently, Conjoint+Cost and Target Costing are introduced as two approaches which can be used to forecast and to specifically influence material‐referred revenues.
Pelvic floor muscle training for stress urinary incontinence: A randomized, controlled trial comparing different conservative therapies
Authors: Huebner Markus , Riegel Katja , Hinninghofen Heidemarie , Wallwiener Diethelm , Tunn Ralf , Reisenauer Christl 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is an effective therapy for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). There is little and inconsistent data about different strategies of PFMT. Finding the right, patient‐oriented treatment decision seems to be essential in order to achieve good results in conservative management of SUI. It was the aim of this prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare three different strategies using electromyography (EMG) biofeedback‐assisted PFMT with and without electrical stimulation (ES) for treatment of SUI in women capable of voluntarily contracting the pelvic floor when a home‐training device with vaginal electrode was used. Method. Three‐arm RCT comparing 1) EMG biofeedback‐assisted PFMT and conventional ES; 2) EMG biofeedback‐assisted PFMT and dynamic ES; and 3) EMG biofeedback‐assisted PFMT. Primary outcome measures were quality of life (King's Health Questionnaire) and degree of suffering (rated on a visual analogue scale from 1 to 10). Secondary outcome measures were number of pads used, pad weight test, contractility of the pelvic floor measured by digital palpation and intra‐vaginal EMG. Results. The quality of life significantly increased over the 12‐week training. The number of pads used was reduced, the pad weight test and the contractility of the pelvic floor significantly improved. There were no significant differences between the three groups. Conclusion. This RCT shows significant improvement in patients' quality of life for conservative therapy of SUI. Differences between the three therapeutic options analyzed could not be found. Additional ES showed no benefit for patients with SUI, capable of voluntary pelvic floor contraction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remeasuring HEWL pKa values by NMR spectroscopy: Methods, analysis, accuracy, and implications for theoretical pKa calculations
Authors: Webb Helen , Tynan‐Connolly Barbara Mary , Lee Gregory M. , Farrell Damien , O'Meara Fergal , Søndergaard Chresten R. , Teilum Kaare , Hewage Chandralal , McIntosh Lawrence P. , Nielsen Jens Erik 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSite‐specific pKa values measured by NMR spectroscopy provide essential information on protein electrostatics, the pH‐dependence of protein structure, dynamics and function, and constitute an important benchmark for protein pKa calculation algorithms. Titration curves can be measured by tracking the NMR chemical shifts of several reporter nuclei versus sample pH. However, careful analysis of these curves is needed to extract residue‐specific pKa values since pH‐dependent chemical shift changes can arise from many sources, including through‐bond inductive effects, through‐space electric field effects, and conformational changes. We have re‐measured titration curves for all carboxylates and His 15 in Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) by recording the pH‐dependent chemical shifts of all backbone amide nitrogens and protons, Asp/Glu side chain protons and carboxyl carbons, and imidazole protonated carbons and protons in this protein. We extracted pKa values from the resulting titration curves using standard fitting methods, and compared these values to each other, and with those measured previously by 1H NMR (Bartik et al., Biophys J 1994;66:1180–1184). This analysis gives insights into the true accuracy associated with experimentally measured pKa values. We find that apparent pKa values frequently differ by 0.5–1.0 units depending upon the nuclei monitored, and that larger differences occasionally can be observed. The variation in measured pKa values, which reflects the difficulty in fitting and assigning pH‐dependent chemical shifts to specific ionization equilibria, has significant implications for the experimental procedures used for measuring protein pKa values, for the benchmarking of protein pKa calculation algorithms, and for the understanding of protein electrostatics in general. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformations of peptides containing a chiral cyclic α, α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid within the sequence of Aib residues
Authors: Demizu Yosuke , Tanaka Masakazu , Doi Mitsunobu , Kurihara Masaaki , Okuda Haruhiro , Suemune Hiroshi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA single chiral cyclic α,α‐disubstituted amino acid, (3S,4S)‐1‐amino‐(3,4‐dimethoxy)cyclopentanecarboxylic acid [(S,S)‐Ac5cdOM], was placed at the N‐terminal or C‐terminal positions of achiral α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) peptide segments. The IR and 1H NMR spectra indicated that the dominant conformations of two peptides Cbz‐[(S,S)‐Ac5cdOM]‐(Aib)4‐OEt (1) and Cbz‐(Aib)4‐[(S,S)‐Ac5cdOM]‐OMe (2) in solution were helical structures. X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 1 and 2 revealed that a left‐handed (M) 310‐helical structure was present in 1 and that a right‐handed (P) 310‐helical structure was present in 2 in their crystalline states. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elastin peptides prepared from piscine and mammalian elastic tissues inhibit collagen‐induced platelet aggregation and stimulate migration and proliferation of human skin fibroblasts
Authors: Shiratsuchi Eri , Ura Megumi , Nakaba Misako , Maeda Iori , Okamoto Kouji 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe obtained pure elastin peptides from bovine ligamentum nuchae, porcine aorta, and bonito bulbus arteriosus. The inhibitory activity of these elastin peptides on platelet aggregation induced by collagen and the migratory and proliferative responsivenesses of human skin fibroblasts to these elastin peptides were examined. All of bonito, bovine, and porcine elastin peptides found to inhibit platelet aggregation, but bonito elastin peptides showed a higher inhibitory activity than bovine and porcine elastin peptides did. All elastin peptides enhanced the proliferation of fibroblasts 3.5‐ to 4.5‐fold at a concentration of 10 µg/ml. Bovine and porcine elastin peptides stimulated the migration of fibroblasts, with the optimal response occurring at 10−1µg/ml, while maximal response was at 102µg/ml for bonito elastin peptides. Furthermore, pretreatment of fibroblasts by lactose depressed their ability to migrate in response to all elastin peptides, suggesting the involvement of elastin receptor in cell response. These results suggest that both mammalian and piscine elastin peptides can be applied as useful biomaterials in which elasticity, antithrombotic property, and the enhancement of cell migration and proliferation are required. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation of crystallographic structure and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Co‐rich Co–Pt films
Authors: Khatri M. S. , Schlörb H. , Fähler S. , Schultz L. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCo‐rich Co–Pt alloy films have been grown by electrodeposition on Au buffer layer. Detailed texture measurements have been performed in order to understand the dependence of magnetic properties on phase composition and texture. X‐ray analysis in Bragg–Brentano geometry shows that films seem to consist of hexagonal closed packed (hcp) or fcc phase. Due to similar lattice spacing of the densely packed planes of both possible phases, the (111) fcc and (002) hcp planes of Co–Pt and also the higher order reflections coincide. As a result, the information supplied by X‐ray diffraction was of limited value. Hence pole figure measurements are used which determine the directional distribution of planes with a selected spacing. Here we present an approach to use pole figure measurements for phase identification. We show that this method allow a direct correlation with the magnetic properties, in particular with the magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetic texture.
High temperature mechanical spectroscopy of yttria stabilized zirconia reinforced with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mazaheri Mehdi , Mari Daniele , Schaller Robert 
Published: September 2010

AbstractHigh temperature mechanical properties of zirconia reinforced with carbon‐nanotubes (CNTs) are studied by mechanical spectroscopy. CNTs limit zirconia grain‐boundary sliding (GBS) and consequently deformation. Concurrent grain‐growth and plastic deformation lead to a substantial error in the evaluation of deformation activation‐enthalpy. Hence, a new calculation was developed in order to account for the effect of grain growth. The corrected enthalpy is comparable with the lattice diffusion energy of cations (Zr4+, Y3+), which evidences that at low‐stress regime, GBS is accommodated by diffusional creep.
Electronic structure and radial breathing mode for carbon nanotubes with ultra‐high curvature
Authors: Plank W. , Pfeiffer R. , Scharman C. , Wirtz L. , Calvaresi M. , Zerbetto F. , Meyer J. , Kuzmany H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractUltra‐high curvature single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with diameters down to 0.37 nm were prepared by transformation of FeCp2 peapods to double‐walled CNTs (DWCNTs). Results from resonance Raman scattering and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were compared to calculations on the molecular dynamical, many electron corrected extended tight binding, and density functional theory (DFT) level. The growth process was found to be catalytic from Fe3C particles inside the tubes with dimensions of a crystallographic unit cell. The electronic structure showed dramatic deviations from tight binding results. The family behavior leads to level crossing already for $E_{11} $ and $E_{22} $ transitions. Experimental results fitted well into a Kataura–Popov plot and allowed assignment for the observed Raman lines of the inner tubes. Experimental and calculated radial breathing mode (RBM) frequencies showed a systematic difference indicating a radial expansion of the smallest inner tubes and a radial compression for the larger tubes.