bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Nano‐BF3·SiO2: A Reusable and Eco‐Friendly Catalyst for Synthesis of Quinoxalines
Authors: Mirjalili B. B. F. , Bamoniri A. , Akbari A. 
Published: January 2012

Abstractvia ultrasound‐assisted condensation of 1,2‐phenylenediamines with α,β‐diketones
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoxaline Analogues.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lee Tein‐Wei , Hsu Ru‐Ting , Yen Tzu‐Lin 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA straightforward synthesis of polycyclic title compounds is achieved by treatment of cyclic ketones with NBS followed by a direct one‐pot coupling with 1,2‐diaminoarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Benzo‐Fluorinated Dibenz[b,f]azepines: Rearrangements of Isatins, Acridines, and Indoles.
Authors: Elliott Emma‐Claire , Bowkett Elizabeth R. , Maggs James L. , Bacsa John , Park B. Kevin , Regan Sophie L. , O'Neill Paul M. , Stachulski Andrew V. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe direct fluorination of dibenzazepines with SelectFluor fails.
ChemInform Abstract: An Oxidative Coupling Route to Macrocyclic Thiophenes and Its Application in the Synthesis of a Donor/Acceptor Hybrid Molecule.
Authors: Maier Stefan K. , Jester Stefan‐S. , Mueller Ute , Mueller Walter M. , Hoeger Sigurd 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA route towards phenylene‐thiophene macrocycles (IV) via oxidative thiophene coupling under pseudo‐high dilution conditions is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Aryl(hetaryl)pyrazol‐5‐ols and Azopyrazoles on Their Basis.
Authors: Kuznetsov D. N. , Ruchkina A. G. , Kobrakov K. I. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAzo dyes (IV) and (V), capable to color textile materials, are synthesized and evaluated for their fungicidal activity against micromycetes often encountered on fabrics.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for Synthesis of 2‐Alkoxyadenosine Analogues.
Authors: Sakakibara Norikazu , Tsuruta Takashi , Komatsu Masahiro , Iwai Masatoshi , Maruyama Tokumi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe 2‐amino group in purine ribosides (I) and (V) is converted into the corresponding 2‐alkoxy group by employing a one‐pot de novo synthesis involving non‐aqueous diazotization‐dediazoniation reactions.
Effect of 40 mg Versus 10 mg of Atorvastatin on Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein, High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein, Circulating Endothelial‐Derived Microparticles, and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Huang Bingsheng , Cheng Ying , Xie Qiang , Lin Guixiong , Wu Yuyan , Feng Yanling , Gao Jinxiong , Xu Dingli 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBackground:There are few recent data to delineate the beyond lipids‐decreased effect of statins and the effect of different doses of statins on endothelial‐derived microparticles (EMPs) and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).Hypothesis:Statins might have the beyond lipids‐decreased effect and there were different effects between different doses of statins on EMPs and circulating EPCs in patients with ICM.Methods:One hundred patients with ICM and 100 healthy examined people, who served as the normal control group, were recruited to this study. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: 10‐mg atorvastatin group (n = 50) and 40‐mg atorvastatin group (n = 50). All subjects were followed for 1 year. The levels of serum lipids, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), circulating EPCs, and EMPs were examined in all subjects. The incidences of adverse reactions in the 2 study groups were determined.Results:At the beginning of this study, there were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 study groups. At the end of this study, the levels of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, serum hsCRP, oxLDL, and circulating EMPs were significantly decreased; circulating EPCs were significantly increased in the 40‐mg atorvastatin group compared to the 10‐mg atorvastatin group, P < 0.05. The multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that receiving only 40 mg of atorvastatin had a significant effect on the levels of circulating EPCs (β = 0.252,P = 0.014). There were no significant differences in the adverse reactions between the 2 groups.Conclusions:Use of 40 mg of atorvastatin might decrease the levels of circulating EMPs and increase the number of circulating EPCs in patients with ICM in comparison with 10 mg of atorvastatin, and the effect might be independent of the decrease of lipids, oxLDL, and hsCRP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This study was supported by the Bureau of Health of Guangzhou city (2009‐YB‐186). The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Biodegradation Studies on Acid Violet 19, a Triphenylmethane Dye, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH
Authors: Jadhav Shekhar B. , Yedurkar Snehal M. , Phugare Swapnil S. , Jadhav Jyoti P. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAcid violet 19 (AV) belongs to the triphenylmethane (TPM) class of dyes which are potentially mutagenic or carcinogenic. However, very little studies on biodegradation of AV were reported as compared to other TPM dyes such as malachite green and crystal violet. In this study, AV was decolorized up to 98% within 30 min by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH. The decolorization depends on the initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature. However, the dye was decolorized under wide pH and temperature ranges with an optimum of pH 7 and 30°C. Up to 250 mg L−1 of dye was found to be tolerated and decolorized by this strain. It showed decolorization ability for seven repeated dye addition cycles. The effect of additional carbon sources on dye decolorization was studied in which mannitol containing medium showed decolorization in 15 min. Induction in the enzyme activities of laccase, NADH‐DCIP reductase, and veratryl alcohol oxidase (VAO) indicates their involvement in AV degradation. Various analytical studies viz. UV–VIS, HPTLC, HPLC, and FTIR confirmed the biodegradation of AV by the bacterium. Based on GC‐MS analysis, a possible degradation pathway for AV was proposed. The phytotoxicity studies using Phaseolus mungo and Sorghum vulgare revealed the less toxic nature of metabolites formed after AV degradation.
Wound healing – a practical algorithm
Authors: Jeffcoate William J. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe decision‐making process involved in the management of diabetic foot wounds is complex but hinges on certain simple principles. The first is to agree the actual aim of management with the patient or their representative – and healing of an open wound may be only a part of this. The agreed plan should be discussed and reviewed if the wound is unresponsive to intervention. Management depends otherwise on regular debridement and cleansing, treatment of any infection, consideration of revascularisation and protection of the wound by dressings and off‐loading. The evidence to justify the use of advanced wound care therapies is not strong, and outcome depends more on the organisation of the wound care process than on the choice of a particular wound care product. The introduction of an expert multidisciplinary team has been shown to lead to a very significant reduction in the incidence of major amputation and it is likely that it is the availability or otherwise of prompt expert advice which is the principal explanation of the major variations that are known to exist in the incidence of amputation even within single countries. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amputation and ambulation in diabetic patients: Function is the goal
Authors: Attinger Christopher E. , Brown Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe role of amputation in limb salvage is often poorly defined because the surgeon and the patient often attempt to save all limbs at all costs. The difficulty lies in selecting limb salvage versus early amputation. For the sedentary patient, a poorly functional salvaged limb can provide him/her with a higher quality of life than he/she would have with an amputation. For the active patient, early major amputation may offer the best functional outcome. Our experience with diabetic limb salvage over the last 20 years was retrospectively reviewed and compared with the existing literature in an attempt to better understand the role of amputation versus limb salvage in patients with diabetes. In the process, surgical techniques that we believe optimize foot and leg amputations were reviewed. Utilizing a team approach, limb salvage can yield a 64% ambulation rate and an 80% 2‐year survival rate. Below‐knee amputation led to a similar ambulatory rate, but the 2‐year survival in these patients was 52%. With more severe rear‐foot ulcers and osteomyelitis, the ambulatory rate declined with each co‐morbity. However, those whose foot was saved had a higher chance of walking than those who underwent amputation. Function and quality of life are the outcomes of interest and may be maximized through either limb salvage or amputation. Our job as physicians is to match the correct solution to the patients' lifestyle and their medical, physical and psychological conditions so they can achieve their desired level of activity as quickly as possible. Level of evidence: IV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barriers to implementing foot care
Authors: van Houtum W. H. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe foot of diabetic patients can be affected by ulceration, infection, and gangrene and is a source of major morbidity and mortality; yet, it has been neglected by health‐care services. In recent years, however, the level of interest and knowledge has grown considerably, with an improving evidence base for clinical practice and the development of international consensus and guidelines that define strategies for diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Nevertheless, there are numerous barriers to the implementation of universal good care, involving attitudes and beliefs of doctors, other health‐care professionals, and patients, and the structure of health‐care systems, which conspire to prevent diabetic patients from receiving the appropriate multidisciplinary care they desperately need.Before diabetic foot care reaches the level desired by specialists in the field, these many barriers must be recognized and overcome. Sound and cost‐effective strategies need to be developed. Policymakers and health‐care professionals should work together to remove the obstacles and facilitate the provision of adequate diabetic foot care. The effect of diabetic foot disease and amputations will only be reduced if sufficient attention is paid to the necessary preventive measures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Tesfaye Solomon , Selvarajah Dinesh 
Published: January 2012

SUMMARYDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects up to 50% of patients with diabetes and is a major cause of morbidity and increased mortality. Its clinical manifestations include painful neuropathic symptoms and insensitivity, which increases the risk for burns, injuries and foot ulceration.Several recent studies have implicated poor glycaemic control, duration of diabetes, hyperlipidaemia (particularly hypertryglyceridaemia), elevated albumin excretion rates and obesity as risk factors for the development of DPN.Although there is now strong evidence for the importance of nerve microvascular disease in the pathogenesis of DPN, the risk factors for painful DPN are not known. However, emerging evidence regarding the central correlates of painful DPN is now afforded by brain imaging.The diagnosis of DPN begins with a careful history of sensory and motor symptoms. The quality and severity of neuropathic pain if present should be assessed using a suitable scale. Clinical examination should include inspection of the feet and evaluation of reflexes and sensory responses to vibration, light touch, pinprick and the 10‐g monofilament.Glycaemic control and addressing cardiovascular risk is now considered important in the overall management of the neuropathic patient. Pharmacological treatment of painful DPN includes tricyclic compounds, serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (e.g. duloxetine), anticonvulsants (e.g. pregabalin), opiates, membrane stabilizers, the antioxidant alpha lipoic acid and others. Over the past 7 years, new agents with perhaps less side effect profiles have immerged. Management of patients with painful neuropathy must be tailored to individual requirements and will depend on the presence of other co‐morbidities. There is limited literature with regard to combination treatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness and safety of elective surgical procedures to improve wound healing and reduce re‐ulceration in diabetic patients with foot ulcers
Authors: Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe objective is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of surgical off‐loading to heal diabetic foot ulcers and prevent ulcer recurrence. Usually, structural foot deformities such as hallux rigidus, hammertoe deformities and equinus of the ankle contribute to abnormal pressure and shear forces and non‐healing foot ulcers. Elective surgery to remove the deformity and restore joint mobility has been shown to be safe and effective to improve wound healing of recalcitrant ulcer and to reduce the risk of re‐ulceration. Unfortunately, there is very little high‐level evidence to help guide patient selection or to compare clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Present and new techniques and devices in the treatment of DFU: a critical review of evidence
Authors: Gottrup Finn , Apelqvist Jan 
Published: January 2012

SummaryManagement of foot ulcer in individuals with diabetes remains a major therapeutic challenge throughout the world. We performed a critical review of evidence of present and new techniques and devices in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. The golden standard for optimal evidence in the Cochrane system is level I – randomized controlled trials, and meta‐analyses of several randomized controlled trials. Available evidence on different types of wound debridement; use of antimicrobials; use of dressings in wounds; topical negative pressure, hyperbaric oxygen treatment; electrical, electromagnetic, laser, shockwave, and ultrasound therapies; growth and cell biology factors; cell products and tissue engineering; bioengineered skin and skin grafts; and adjuvant therapies were evaluated. The results of this review show that there is limited evidence on the highest level to justify a change in routine clinical practice. There is a paucity of high‐quality evidence, because the studies are often based on inadequate sample size, short follow‐up, nonrandom allocation to treatment arms, nonblinded assessment of outcomes, poor description of control, and concurrent intervention. The heterogeneity of the population (of both people and ulcers), with multiple factors contributing to both ulcer onset and failure to heal, makes the trial design difficult in this field. Another fundamental reason for the lack of evidence is the general use of the outcome measure ‘complete healing’. In conclusion, when the results of this updated review are taken together with those of the earlier reports, they provide limited evidence to justify a change in routine clinical practice. For this reason, there is an urgent need to increase the quality of clinical studies. A re‐evaluation of which type of research is acceptable for producing evidence in the wound area may be important in the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of micro lens by laser polymerization
Authors: Mori Akira , Horiuchi Takashi , Mizumachi Manabu , Seino Satoshi , Nakagawa Takuya , Suzuki Kaoru 
Published: January 2012

AbstractRecently, micro lenses have been in demand for uniting laser devices and optical fibers. We have fabricated a new type of plastic micro lens by laser polymerization. The amount of resin polymerized by exposure to laser light (light curing) depends on the laser power and the exposure time. The shape of the lens can be controlled by changing the conditions of laser irradiation. In this paper, the characteristics of the lens formed by this method are examined. The relation between the lens shape and the conditions of laser irradiation are investigated, and the conditions for reducing transverse spherical aberration are examined. A lens 390 μm in diameter was formed. The area that can be used for light coupling from a laser diode to a multimode fiber will be 81% of the total lens area. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(2): 59–67, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10339
Growth and characterization of potassium niobate fiber crystal from liquid with stoichiometric composition by μ‐PD method
Authors: Komatsu Ryuichi , Okuma Yohei , Itoh Hironori , Akishige Yukikuni 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPotassium niobate (KNbO3: KN) is a well‐known ferroelectric material with perovskite structure. Recently, this crystal has been given much attention as an environmentally friendly material as well as a material for surface acoustic waves (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) devices. It is, however, very difficult to grow KN crystals because KN melts incongruently. This paper reports that KN crystal fibers have been successfully grown from stoichiometric melt by the micro pulling down (μ‐PD) method, and the parameters necessary for the reproducible growth of KN fiber have been determined. The dielectric properties of grown fiber crystal were also measured. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(2): 1–7, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10411
Identification of plant model of linear induction motors for a traction system intended for use in a high‐performance controller
Authors: Nozaki Yuichiro , Koseki Takafumi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA linear induction motor (LIM) is suitable for use in trains. The motor can be used in both wheel‐suspended and contact‐less types such as the Linear Metro and HSST trains in Japan. The LIM has end winding as well as asymmetrical winding. The end effect is a major problem in the LIM, and it makes the analysis, design, and control of motors difficult. This paper describes a method that combines numerical analysis and the equivalent circuit for the LIM in order to design a high‐performance controller for the LIM that includes the end effect. A sample basic field‐oriented control scheme that is based on the plant model is applied to the LIM in order to check the control performance. The theory of rotary induction motors is used for verification. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(2): 44–54, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21171
Development of a Solid‐Phase Approach to the Natural Product Class of Ahp‐Containing Cyclodepsipeptides
Authors: Stolze Sara C. , Meltzer Michael , Ehrmann Michael , Kaiser Markus 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe 3‐amino‐6‐hydroxy‐2‐piperidone (Ahp) containing cyclodepsipeptides are an interesting class of natural products that inhibit S1 (trypsin and chymotrypsin‐like) serine protease in a reversible, noncovalent manner, turning them into potential chemical tools for protease research. Their systematic use in chemical biology is however hampered by their tedious solution‐phase chemical synthesis. To overcome this limitation, we report a solid‐phase approach to Ahp cyclodepsipeptides that is based on the use of a maskedglutamic aldehyde moiety as a general Ahp precursor molecule. As a proof‐of‐concept, we therefore recently reported the solid‐phase synthesis of Symplocamide A. Here, we want to give a full account on the development and application of the masked glutamic aldehyde moiety as well as the optimization of the solid‐phase synthesis, which allowed the successful synthesis of the natural product Symplocamide A.
Diving Deep into the Atom
Authors: Krausz Ferenc , Naeser Thorsten 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWhen all notions of time lose their validity: Using laser flashes lasting billionths of a second, physicists are trying to follow the ultrafast movements of quantum particles in real time. The experiments in the Laboratory for Attosecond Physics are already making possible increasingly precise insight into matter. And the light pulses are getting even shorter.
Microwave‐assisted synthesis of the (E)‐α‐methylalkenoate framework from multifunctionalized allylic phosphonium salts
Authors: Meier Lidiane , Ferreira Misael , Sá Marcus M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA convenient and general microwave‐assisted method for the synthesis of stereochemically defined α‐methylalkenoic acids and esters from allylic phosphonium salts in a basic aqueous medium is described. A selective preparation of acids or esters was dependent on the base (NaOH or NaHCO3) employed in the reaction and could be achieved with good to excellent yields under mild conditions in the absence of hydrides and reducing agents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:179–186, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21001
V-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog/mammalian target of rapamycin activation induces a module of metabolic changes contributing to growth in insulin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Evert Matthias , Calvisi Diego F. , Evert Katja , De Murtas Valentina , Gasparetti Gioia , Mattu Sandra , Destefanis Giulia , Ladu Sara , Zimmermann Antje , Delogu Salvatore , Thiel Sara , Thiele Andrea , Ribback Silvia , Dombrowski Frank 
Published: January 2012

Abstract

Mounting epidemiological evidence supports a role for insulin-signaling deregulation and diabetes mellitus in human hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. To study the oncogenic effect of chronically elevated insulin on hepatocytes in the presence of mild hyperglycemia, we developed a model of pancreatic islet transplantation into the liver. In this model, islets of a donor rat are transplanted into the liver of a recipient diabetic rat, with resulting local hyperinsulinism that leads to the development of preneoplastic lesions and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we investigated the metabolic and growth properties of the v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) pathway, a major downstream effector of insulin signaling, in this model of insulin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. We found that activation of insulin signaling triggers a strong induction of the AKT/mTOR cascade that is paralleled by increased synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides, induction of glycolysis, and decrease of fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis in rat preneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions, when compared with the healthy liver. AKT/mTOR metabolic effects on hepatocytes, after insulin stimulation, were found to be mTORC1 dependent and independent in human HCC cell lines. In these cells, suppression of lipogenesis, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway triggered a strong growth restraint, despite insulin administration. Noticeably, metabolic abnormalities and proliferation driven by insulin were effectively reverted using the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, NVP-BEZ235, both

in vitro

and

in vivo

.

Conclusions:

The present results indicate that activation of the AKT/mTOR cascade by unconstrained insulin signaling induces a defined module of metabolic alterations in hepatocytes contributing to aberrant cell growth. Thus, inhibition of AKT/mTOR and related metabolic changes might represent a novel preventive and therapeutic approach to effectively inhibit insulin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. (Hepatology 2012;)