bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can 18F FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters be used to noninvasively differentiate between different histopathological subtypes and Fuhrman grades of renal cell cancer?
Authors: Jain Yash , Agrawal Archi , Joshi Amit , Menon Santosh , Prakash Gagan , Murthy Vedang , Purandare Nilendu , Shah Sneha , Puranik Ameya , Choudhury Sayak , Shukla Varun , Dev Indraja , Prabhash Kumar , Noronha Vanita , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: April 2024

Aim
To evaluate relationship between metabolic PET metabolic parameters and size of the primary tumor, various histopathological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Fuhrman grade of the tumors.

Material and methods
Retrospective analysis of 93 biopsy-proven RCC patients who underwent pretreatment flourine 18 flourodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) was performed. Quantitative PET parameters, size of the primary tumor, histopathological subtypes and Fuhrman grades of the tumor were extracted. We tried to assess if there was any significant difference in the metabolic patterns of various histopathological subtypes of RCCs, Fuhrman grade of the tumors and size of the primary tumor.

Results
A significant correlation was noted between the size of primary tumor and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) (P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). SUVmax values correlated significantly with the histopathological subtype (P < 0.001). Further sub-analyses was also done by segregating the patients into Low grade (Fuhrman grade 1 and 2) vs. High grade (Fuhrman grade 3 and 4). SUVmax, MTV and TLG were significantly different between high grade vs. low grade tumors. ROC analysis yielded cut off values for SUVmax, MTV and TLG to differentiate between high grade from low grade tumors.

Conclusion
FDG PET/CT with the use of metabolic PET parameters can differentiate between different histopathological subtypes of RCC. Incorporation of metabolic parameters into clinical practice can potentially noninvasively identify patients with low-grade vs. high-grade RCC.
De Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer Presenting With Atypical Lower-Limb Skeletal Metastases Detected on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Yip Alexander , Yap June 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer to the appendicular skeleton is rare. We present an 86-year-old man with undiagnosed prostate cancer presenting with unilateral foot pain. CT and MRI demonstrated a sclerotic midfoot suggestive of an infiltrative process. In view of an elevated PSA, metastatic disease was suspected, and bone scan confirmed osteoblastically active pelvic and lower-limb skeletal lesions. Subsequent prostate biopsy confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. Staging 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT demonstrated PSMA-avid intraprostatic malignancy with pelvic and right lower-limb skeletal metastases. This is an unusual case of de novo 68Ga-PSMA–avid metastatic prostate cancer with atypical lower-limb skeletal metastases presenting with foot pain.
Free TcO4 − in 99mTc-PSMA Scan
Authors: Sahafi Pegah , Aryana Kamran , Moghadam Soroush Zarehparvar , Sadri Kayvan , Askari Emran 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In a recent 99mTc-HYNIC-PSMA study conducted at our department, we examined 2 patients with prostate cancer referred for initial staging on the same day. The whole-body scans revealed radiotracer uptake in the gastric mucosa and thyroid glands, alluding to high levels of free TcO4
− in the injected vial. The scans were repeated after confirming acceptable radiopharmaceutical purity of 97% (normal range, 95%–100%). Interestingly, 1 patient had liver metastases at presentation, which remained non–PSMA-avid after repeating the scan. We have reviewed this pitfall, which has been reported with many radiotracers, yet not reported with PSMA tracers.
Screen Time and Musculoskeletal Neck Pain in Children: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Lifestyle Recommendations
Authors: Rampurawala Huzaifa T , Rampurawala Samir H 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMusculoskeletal neck pain is one of the leading ailments in the world right now and affects everyone, from seniors to prepubescent kids. Neck pain also costs countries billions of dollars in healthcare and medical expenses. Research in this field is slim, and thus, a compilation of this information is necessary. This systematic review aims to collect articles worldwide, exploring the correlation between screen use and neck pain in children. This systematic review harnesses PubMed, JSTOR, and Google Scholar data to comprehensively analyze 6,804 articles on the subject, cutting it down to 13 papers. To do this, an independent reviewer first distinguished note-worthy articles from said databases and used articles that fit this study. Then, the articles with data that fit the variables were used. Preliminary results in all articles indicate a substantial positive correlation between reduced screen time and reduced instances of neck pain issues, signifying the potential for lifestyle changes in children and adolescents. This systematic review also highlights its recommendations for screen use at different points in a child’s life, allowing parents to determine their kids’ best screen use rate. By synthesizing these findings, this review offers valuable insights into the potential benefits of reducing screen time as a preventive measure against neck pain in adolescents, increasing support for this cause, and expanding informed parental guidance in managing children’s screen usage habits. These recommendations were determined based on data from articles in the systematic review. Additional work in this field focusing on screen use and neck pain in adolescence is needed, and a higher-quality recommendation chart must be manufactured.
An AI-designed adenine base editor
Authors: Yuan Ye , Chen Yang , Liu Rui , Que Gula , Yuan Yina , Li Guipeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdenine base editors (ABEs) allow the efficient programmable conversion of adenine to guanine without causing DNA double strand breaks. Previous ABEs were generated by multiple rounds of directed evolution or derived by rational design based on the evolved ones. Although powerful, these methods search the local space for ABEs optimizations. Artificial intelligence (AI) based methods have the ability to efficiently explore much larger protein space for protein design. But currently there is no AI-designed ABE with wet experimental validation. Here, we demonstrate the first successful AI-designed ABE, which is named ABE10. ABE10 includes an AI-designed adenine deaminase enzyme fused with SpCas9n. The sequence identity between AI-designed enzyme and other publicly accessible variants is as low as 65.3%. ABE10 shows improved editing efficiency compared to current state-of-the-art ABE8 at multiple human genome sites tested. ABE10 also shows low off-target editing rate and reduced cytosine bystander effect. Our work demonstrates new direction for optimization of gene editing tools.
An Amplification Mechanism for Weak ELF Magnetic Fields Quantum-Bio Effects in Cancer Cells
Authors: Zandieh Amirali , Shariatpanahi Seyed Peyman , Ravasipour AmirAbbas , Azadipour Javad , NezamTaheri Maryam , Habibi-Kelishomi Zahra , Ghanizadeh Mojtaba , Same Ali , Majidzadeh Keivan , Taheri Amir , Ansari Alireza Madjid , Javidi Mohammad Amin , Pirnia Adel , Goliaei Bahram 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObserving quantum mechanical characteristics in biological processes is a surprising and important discovery. One example, which is gaining more experimental evidence and practical applications, is the effect of weak magnetic fields with extremely low frequencies on cells, especially cancerous ones. In this study, we use a mathematical model of ROS dynamics in cancer cells to show how ROS oscillatory patterns can act as a resonator to amplify the small effects of the magnetic fields on the radical pair dynamics in mitochondrial Complex III. We suggest such a resonator can act in two modes for distinct states in cancer cells: 1) cells at the edge of mitochondrial oscillation and 2) cells with local oscillatory patches. When exposed to magnetic fields, the first group exhibits high-amplitude oscillations, while the second group synchronizes to reach a whole-cell oscillation. Both types of amplification are frequency-dependent in the range of hertz and sub-hertz. We use UV radiation as a positive control to observe the two states of cells in DU and HELA cell lines. Application of magnetic fields shows frequency-dependent results on both the ROS and mitochondrial potential which agree with the model for both type of cells. We also observe the oscillatory behavior in the time-lapse fluorescence microscopy for 0.02 Hz magnetic fields. Finally, we investigate the dependence of the results on the field strength and propose a quantum spin-forbidden mechanism for the effect of magnetic fields on superoxide production in QOsite of mitochondrial Complex III.
CCR7+DC Define a Type 17 Module in Psoriasis
Authors: Sun Yang , Lou Fangzhou , Cai Xiaojie , Wang Zhikai , Yang Xiuli , Sun Libo , Wu Zhouwei , Liu Zhaoyuan , Shi Yu-Ling , Ginhoux Florent , Wang Honglin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTInterleukin (IL)-23 is the master pathogenic cytokine in psoriasis and neutralization of IL-23 alleviates psoriasis. Psoriasis relapses after the withdrawal of IL-23 antibodies, and the persistence of IL-23-producing cells probably contributes to such recurrence. However, the cellular source of IL-23 was unclear, which hinders the development of targeted therapies focusing on modulating IL-23 expression aimed at resolving relapse. Here, we showed thatIL4I1+CD200+CCR7+dendritic cells (CCR7+DC) dominantly produced IL-23 by concomitantly expressing the IL-23A and IL-12B subunits in human psoriatic skin. Deletion of CCR7+DC completely abrogated IL-23 production in a mouse model of psoriasis and enforced expression of IL-23a in CCR7+DC elicited not only αβT cell-driven psoriasis-like skin disease, but also arthritis. CCR7+DC co-localized with CD161+IL-17-producing T cells and KRT17+keratinocytes, which were located in the outermost layers of psoriatic epidermis and strongly exhibited IL-17 downstream signatures. Based on these data, we identified CCR7+DC as the source of IL-23 in psoriasis, which paves the way for the design of therapies focused on manipulating IL-23 production that may resolve the relapse of chronic inflammatory disorders like psoriasis.HIGHLIGHTSIL4I1+CD200+CCR7+DC are dominant IL-23 producers in psoriasis and its mouse model.Psoriatic CCR7+DC likely arise from cDC2.CD161 marks all IL-17-producing T cells in psoriatic skin.IL-23a overexpression in CCR7+DC elicits an αβT cell-driven mouse model of psoriasis and arthritis.CCR7+DC spatially define a type 17 module in psoriatic epidermis.
Towards intelligent living facades: On electrical activity of ordinary mossBrachythecium rutabulum
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMosses display resilience and ecological importance, significantly shaping their environments. With their strong attachment to challenging substrates, mosses can serve as viable options for green living facades. In our initial steps towards developing sensing and computing living facades using moss, we analysed the endogenous electrical activity of mosses to establish foun-dational knowledge for future information processing devices. Employing macro-electrode recording techniques, we identified three patterns of electrical activity in ordinary moss: high-frequency oscillations at 1.2 Hz, medium-frequency oscillations at 2 · 10−4Hz, and low-frequency oscillations at approximately 4 · 10−4. Additionally, we observed indications of coordinated electrical activity in moss cushions.
The alternative splicing ofZmHsf23regulates heat stress tolerance in maize
Authors: Wang Jing , Song Nan-Nan , Qin Qian-Qian , Su An-Qi , Si Wei-Na , Cheng Bei-Jiu , Jiang Hai-Yang 
Published: April 2024

SummaryHeat stress is one of the major threats to maize (Zea mays) production globally. Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) play vital roles in plant heat stress responses. However, the molecular and genetic basis of HSFs in maize thermotolerance remain largely unknown.In this study, we reveal that the alternative splicing ofHsf23in maize modulates heat stress tolerance.Hsf23produces two functional transcripts, the full-length transcriptHsf23band the heat-inducible transcriptHsf23a. The twoHsf23transcripts differ by the presence of a cryptic mini exon inHsf23a, which is spliced out inHsf23b. BothHsf23aandHsf23bwere intensely expressed in response to heat stress.The overexpression ofHsf23b, notHsf23a, enhanced heat stress tolerance, while loss-of-function mutations ofHsf23aandHsf23bexhibited remarkably increased sensitivity to heat stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Hsf23b activates broader heat-responsive genes than Hsf23a, and Hsf23a and Hsf23b modulate heat stress response through different downstream targets. Furthermore, Hsf23a physically interacted with Hsf23b and promotes Hsf23b-regulated expression ofsHSPgenes.Together, our finding provides new insights into the roles ofZmHsf23in the heat tolerance in maize, and presents an important candidate for the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant maize varieties.
Non-additive dosage-dependent effects ofTaGS3gene editing on grain size and weight in wheat
Authors: Wang Wei , Pan Qianli , Tian Bin , Davidson Dwight , Bai Guihua , Akhunova Alina , Trick Harold , Akhunov Eduard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe grain size in cereals is one of the main component traits contributing to yield. Previous studies showed that loss-of-function (LOF) mutations inGS3, encoding Gγ subunit of the multimeric G protein complex, increase grain size and weight in rice. While association between allelic variation inGS3homologs of wheat and grain weight/size was detected previusly, the effects of LOF alleles on these traits remain unknown. We used genome editing to create theTaGS3mutant lines with the LOF homeo-allele dosage variation. Contrary to results obtained for rice, editing of all threeTaGS3copies result in significant decrease in grain length, width, grain area and weight, without affecting number of grains per spike. Compared to wild type, the highest increase in grain weight and area was observed in mutants with the intermediate dosage of the LOF alleles, indicating that suppressive effects ofTaGS3on grain size and weight in wheat are dosage-dependent and non-additive. Our results suggest thatTaGS3likely represents a functionally diverged homolog ofGS3evolved in the wheat lineage. The newly developed LOF alleles ofTaGS3expand the set of CRISPR-Cas9-induced variants of yield component genes that could be used for increasing grain weight in wheat.
Diversity and ecological potentials of viral assemblages from the seamount sediments of the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Chen Ying , Gao Chen , Liu Qian , Liang Yantao , Lai Mingyan , Ge Fuyue , Yu Hao , Shao Hongbing , McMinn Andrew , Wang Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractViruses are the most abundant life forms in the sea, influencing the community structure and metabolism of host cells as well as biogeochemical cycles. However, the diversity and ecological roles of viruses within seamount ecosystems, natural microbiota havens characterized by high biodiversity, remain unknown. Here, the first seamount viral genome (SMVG) dataset, based on a metagenomic analysis of twelve seamount sediment samples collected from the seamount regions of the Northwest Pacific Ocean, is established. A total of 78,069 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) were found, spanning 18 viral classes and 63 viral families. The detection of sixteen viral auxiliary metabolic genes (vAMGs) suggests that viruses may participate in both the complex metabolic dynamics associated with sediment microbial communities and also biogeochemical cycles, including carbon, sulfur, metal, heme, and cobalamin cycling. vAMGs involved in the metabolism of heme, cobalamin and metals, in particular, are more often detected in seamount sediments than in trenches, cool seeps, and hydrothermal vents. This investigation of the viral communities in these seamount sediments provides new insights into the high diversity and ecological potential of the viruses and establishes a foundation for the future study of benthic viruses from deep-sea seamounts.
Viromes of Antarctic fish resembles the diversity found at lower latitudes
Authors: Grimwood Rebecca M. , Waller Stephanie J. , Wierenga Janelle R. , Lim Lauren , Dubrulle Jeremy , Holmes Edward C. , Geoghegan Jemma L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAntarctica harbours some of the most isolated and extreme environments on Earth, concealing a largely unexplored and unique component of the global animal virosphere. To understand the diversity and evolutionary histories of viruses in these polar species we determined the viromes of 11 Antarctic fish species with 248 samples collected from the Ross Sea region spanning the Perciformes, Gadiformes, and Scorpaeniformes orders. The continent’s shift southward and cooling temperatures over 20 million years ago led to a reduction in biodiversity and subsequent radiation of some marine fauna, such as the notothenioid fishes. Despite decreased host species richness in polar regions, we revealed a surprisingly complex virome diversity in Ross Sea fish, with the types and numbers of viruses per host species and individuals sampled comparable to that of fish in warmer marine environments with higher host community diversity. We also observed a higher number of closely related viruses likely representing instances of recent and historic host-switching events among Perciformes (all notothenioids) than in the Gadiformes, suggesting that rapid speciation events within this order generated closely related host species with few genetic barriers to cross-species transmission. Additionally, we identified novel genomic variation in an arenavirus with a split nucleoprotein sequence containing a stable helical structure, indicating potential adaptation of viral proteins to extreme temperatures. These findings enhance our understanding of virus evolution and virus-host interactions in response to environmental shifts, especially in less diverse ecosystems more vulnerable to the impacts of anthropogenic and climate changes.
Market power, human capital efficiency and bank performance in Kenya
Authors: Kariuki Peter Wang’ombe 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe study evaluates the influence of human capital efficiency (HCE) and market power on bank performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs two measures of bank performance: profitability and stability. Unbalanced panel data of 35 banks operating in Kenya for 2005–2020 collected from published financial statements is utilized. The study employs the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method in the analysis and the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) for robustness check.FindingsThe study affirms an inverted U-shaped relationship between market power and bank performance. The effect of market power on bank profitability is enhanced when a bank has highly efficient human capital. Further, HCE significantly impacts bank stability for banks with low HCE. Interestingly, a further increase in HCE narrows the net interest margins for banks with high HCE, conferring welfare benefits to customers as interest rate spreads shrink.Practical implicationsThis study provides important insights into the role of human capital in bank performance. First, banks ought to invest in promoting HCE through training and development. As regulators root for bank consolidation, attention to HCE is imperative for fostering profitability and stability.Originality/valueThe study fills an essential gap in the literature by evaluating the effect of firm-level market power on bank performance in an emerging market. We adopt a novel stochastic frontier estimator to generate the Lerner index. Further, this is the first study known to the authors to evaluate the effect of market power on bank performance in the context of human capital efficiency variations.
Determinants of corporate environmental performance and the moderating effect of economic crises
Authors: Arco-Castro María Lourdes , López-Pérez María Victoria , Alonso-Conde Ana Belén , Rojo Suárez Javier 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to identify the effect of environmental management systems (EMSs), commitment to stakeholders and gender diversity on corporate environmental performance (CEP) and the extent to which an economic crisis moderates these relationships.Design/methodology/approachA regression analysis was conducted on a sample of 14,217 observations from 1,933 firms from 26 countries from 2002 to 2010. The estimator used is ordinary least squares with heteroscedastic panel-corrected standard errors (PCSEs), which allows us to obtain consistent results in the presence of heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation.FindingsThe results show that EMSs and stakeholder engagement are mechanisms that drive CEP but lose their effectiveness in times of crisis. However, the presence of women on boards has a positive effect on CEP that is not affected by an economic crisis.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has some limitations that could be addressed in the future. We present board gender diversity as a governance mechanism because its role is strongly related to non-financial performance. Future studies could focus on other corporate governance mechanisms, such as the presence of institutional or long-term investors. In addition, other mechanisms could be found that can counteract poor environmental performance in times of crisis. Finally, it might be useful to contrast these results with the crisis generated by the coronavirus pandemic.Practical implicationsThe results obtained have important practical implications at the corporate and institutional levels. At the corporate level, they highlight, as essential contributions, that environmental management systems and stakeholder orientation are not effective in times of economic crisis, except for with the presence of women on the board.Social implicationsFollowing the crisis, the European Commission has promoted gender diversity on boards as a mechanism to improve the governance of entities – improving, among other aspects, sustainability. In this sense, another one of the practical implications of the study is support for the policies that the European Union has implemented over the last two decades.Originality/valueThe paper analyses how a crisis affects the moral and cultural institutional mechanisms that promote CEP. Gender diversity on the board of directors not only promotes environmental performance but also appears to be a governance mechanism that ensures this performance in times of crisis when the other mechanisms lose their effectiveness. The study proposes specific policies that help maintain environmental performance in an economic crisis.