bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling With Chronic Caloric Restriction in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Wang Zhong Q. , Floyd Z. Elizabeth , Qin Jianhua , Liu Xiaotuan , Yu Yongmei , Zhang Xian H. , Wagner Janice D. , Cefalu William T. 
Published: April 2009

OBJECTIVE
Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to retard aging processes, extend maximal life span, and consistently increase insulin action in experimental animals. The mechanism by which CR enhances insulin action, specifically in higher species, is not precisely known. We sought to examine insulin receptor signaling and transcriptional alterations in skeletal muscle of nonhuman primates subjected to CR over a 4-year period.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
At baseline, 32 male adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were randomized to an ad libitum (AL) diet or to 30% CR. Dietary intake, body weight, and insulin sensitivity were obtained at routine intervals over 4 years. At the end of the study, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were performed and skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) was obtained in the basal and insulin-stimulated states for insulin receptor signaling and gene expression profiling.

RESULTS
CR significantly increased whole-body insulin–mediated glucose disposal compared with AL diet and increased insulin receptor signaling, i.e., insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, insulin receptor phosphorylation, and IRS–associated PI 3-kinase activity in skeletal muscle (P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.01, and P &lt; 0.01, respectively). Gene expression for insulin signaling proteins, i.e., IRS-1 and IRS-2, were not increased with CR, although a significant increase in protein abundance was noted. Components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, i.e., 20S and 19S proteasome subunit abundance and 20S proteasome activity, were significantly decreased by CR.

CONCLUSIONS
CR increases insulin sensitivity on a whole-body level and enhances insulin receptor signaling in this higher species. CR in cynomolgus monkeys may alter insulin signaling in vivo by modulating protein content of insulin receptor signaling proteins.
Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Maher Toby M. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceInterstitial lung disease (ILD) consists of a group of pulmonary disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of the lung parenchyma associated with progressive dyspnea that frequently results in end-stage respiratory failure. In the US, ILD affects approximately 650 000 people and causes approximately 25 000 to 30 000 deaths per year.ObservationsThe most common forms of ILD are idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which accounts for approximately one-third of all cases of ILD, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, accounting for 15% of ILD cases, and connective tissue disease (CTD), accounting for 25% of ILD cases. ILD typically presents with dyspnea on exertion. Approximately 30% of patients with ILD report cough. Thoracic computed tomography is approximately 91% sensitive and 71% specific for diagnosing subtypes of ILDs such as IPF. Physiologic assessment provides important prognostic information. A 5% decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) over 12 months is associated with an approximately 2-fold increase in mortality compared with no change in FVC. Antifibrotic therapy with nintedanib or pirfenidone slows annual FVC decline by approximately 44% to 57% in individuals with IPF, scleroderma associated ILD, and in those with progressive pulmonary fibrosis of any cause. For connective tissue disease–associated ILD, immunomodulatory therapy, such as tocilizumab, rituximab, and mycophenolate mofetil, may slow decline or even improve FVC at 12-month follow-up. Structured exercise therapy reduces symptoms and improves 6-minute walk test distance in individuals with dyspnea. Oxygen reduces symptoms and improves quality of life in individuals with ILD who desaturate below 88% on a 6-minute walk test. Lung transplant may improve symptoms and resolve respiratory failure in patients with end-stage ILD. After lung transplant, patients with ILD have a median survival of 5.2 to 6.7 years compared with a median survival of less than 2 years in patients with advanced ILD who do not undergo lung transplant. Up to 85% of individuals with end-stage fibrotic ILD develop pulmonary hypertension. In these patients, treatment with inhaled treprostinil improves walking distance and respiratory symptoms.Conclusions and RelevanceInterstitial lung disease typically presents with dyspnea on exertion and can progress to respiratory failure. First-line therapy includes nintedanib or pirfenidone for IPF and mycophenolate mofetil for ILD due to connective tissue disease. Lung transplant should be considered for patients with advanced ILD. In patients with ILD, exercise training improves 6-minute walk test distance and quality of life.
Associations Between Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes for Nononcologic Chronic Disease Treatments
Authors: Wallach Joshua D. , Yoon Samuel , Doernberg Harry , Glick Laura R. , Ciani Oriana , Taylor Rod S. , Mooghali Maryam , Ramachandran Reshma , Ross Joseph S. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceSurrogate markers are increasingly used as primary end points in clinical trials supporting drug approvals.ObjectiveTo systematically summarize the evidence from meta-analyses, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and pooled analyses (hereafter, meta-analyses) of clinical trials examining the strength of association between treatment effects measured using surrogate markers and clinical outcomes in nononcologic chronic diseases.Data sourcesThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adult Surrogate Endpoint Table and MEDLINE from inception to March 19, 2023.Study SelectionThree reviewers selected meta-analyses of clinical trials; meta-analyses of observational studies were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisTwo reviewers extracted correlation coefficients, coefficients of determination, slopes, effect estimates, or results from meta-regression analyses between surrogate markers and clinical outcomes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCorrelation coefficient or coefficient of determination, when reported, was classified as high strength (r ≥ 0.85 or R2 ≥ 0.72); primary findings were otherwise summarized.ResultsThirty-seven surrogate markers listed in FDA’s table and used as primary end points in clinical trials across 32 unique nononcologic chronic diseases were included. For 22 (59%) surrogate markers (21 chronic diseases), no eligible meta-analysis was identified. For 15 (41%) surrogate markers (14 chronic diseases), at least 1 meta-analysis was identified, 54 in total (median per surrogate marker, 2.5; IQR, 1.3-6.0); among these, median number of trials and patients meta-analyzed was 18.5 (IQR, 12.0-43.0) and 90 056 (IQR, 20 109-170 014), respectively. The 54 meta-analyses reported 109 unique surrogate marker–clinical outcome pairs: 59 (54%) reported at least 1 r or R2, 10 (17%) of which reported at least 1 classified as high strength, whereas 50 (46%) reported slopes, effect estimates, or results of meta-regression analyses only, 26 (52%) of which reported at least 1 statistically significant result.Conclusions and RelevanceMost surrogate markers used as primary end points in clinical trials to support FDA approval of drugs treating nononcologic chronic diseases lacked high-strength evidence of associations with clinical outcomes from published meta-analyses.
Antihypertensive Medication and Fracture Risk in Older Veterans Health Administration Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Dave Chintan V. , Li Yongmei , Steinman Michael A. , Lee Sei J. , Liu Xiaojuan , Jing Bocheng , Graham Laura A. , Marcum Zachary A. , Fung Kathy Z. , Odden Michelle C. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceLimited evidence exists on the association between initiation of antihypertensive medication and risk of fractures in older long-term nursing home residents.ObjectiveTo assess the association between antihypertensive medication initiation and risk of fracture.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a retrospective cohort study using target trial emulation for data derived from 29 648 older long-term care nursing home residents in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) from January 1, 2006, to October 31, 2019. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2021, to November 11, 2023.ExposureEpisodes of antihypertensive medication initiation were identified, and eligible initiation episodes were matched with comparable controls who did not initiate therapy.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was nontraumatic fracture of the humerus, hip, pelvis, radius, or ulna within 30 days of antihypertensive medication initiation. Results were computed among subgroups of residents with dementia, across systolic and diastolic blood pressure thresholds of 140 and 80 mm Hg, respectively, and with use of prior antihypertensive therapies. Analyses were adjusted for more than 50 baseline covariates using 1:4 propensity score matching.ResultsData from 29 648 individuals were included in this study (mean [SD] age, 78.0 [8.4] years; 28 952 [97.7%] male). In the propensity score–matched cohort of 64 710 residents (mean [SD] age, 77.9 [8.5] years), the incidence rate of fractures per 100 person-years in residents initiating antihypertensive medication was 5.4 compared with 2.2 in the control arm. This finding corresponded to an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.42 (95% CI, 1.43-4.08) and an adjusted excess risk per 100 person-years of 3.12 (95% CI, 0.95-6.78). Antihypertensive medication initiation was also associated with higher risk of severe falls requiring hospitalizations or emergency department visits (HR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.53-2.13]) and syncope (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.30-2.19]). The magnitude of fracture risk was numerically higher among subgroups of residents with dementia (HR, 3.28 [95% CI, 1.76-6.10]), systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher (HR, 3.12 [95% CI, 1.71-5.69]), diastolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg or higher (HR, 4.41 [95% CI, 1.67-11.68]), and no recent antihypertensive medication use (HR, 4.77 [95% CI, 1.49-15.32]).Conclusions and RelevanceFindings indicated that initiation of antihypertensive medication was associated with elevated risks of fractures and falls. These risks were numerically higher among residents with dementia, higher baseline blood pressures values, and no recent antihypertensive medication use. Caution and additional monitoring are advised when initiating antihypertensive medication in this vulnerable population.
Study on clinical features and factors related to long‐term outcomes of antibody‐negative autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Han Binhong , Dai Yuwei , Peng Jian , Yuan Tianxiang , Yin Qing , Yang Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo delineate the clinical characteristics of antibody‐negative autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and to investigate factors associated with long‐term outcomes among antibody‐negative AE.MethodsPatients diagnosed with antibody‐negative AE were recruited from January 2016 to December 2022 at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The study assessed the long‐term outcomes of antibody‐negative AE using the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). Predictors influencing long‐term outcomes were subsequently analyzed. External validation of RAPID scores (refractory status epilepticus [RSE], age of onset ≥60 years, ANPRA [antibody‐negative probable autoimmune encephalitis], infratentorial involvement, and delay of immunotherapy ≥1 month) was performed.ResultsIn total, 100 (47 females and 53 males) antibody‐negative AE patients were enrolled in this study, with approximately 49 (49%) experiencing unfavorable long‐term outcomes (mRS scores ≥3). Antibody‐negative AE was subcategorized into ANPRA, autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Psychiatric symptoms were prevalent in LE and ANPRA subtypes, while weakness and gait instability/dystonia were predominant in the ADEM subtype. Higher peak CASE scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.846, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.163–2.930, p = 0.009) and initiating immunotherapy within 30 days (OR 0.210, 95% CI: 0.046–0.948, p = 0.042) were correlated with long‐term outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis returned that the RAPID scores cutoff of 1.5 best discriminated the group with poor long‐term outcomes (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 56.9%).InterpretationThe ANPRA subtype exhibited poorer long‐term outcomes compared to LE and ADEM subtypes, and early immunotherapy was crucial for improving long‐term outcomes in antibody‐negative AE. The use of RAPID scoring could aid in guiding clinical decision making.
Motor band sign is specific for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and corresponds to motor symptoms
Authors: Zejlon Charlotte , Sennfält Stefan , Finnsson Johannes , Connolly Bryan , Petersson Sven , Granberg Tobias , Ingre Caroline 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging can detect neurodegenerative iron accumulation in the motor cortex, called the motor band sign. This study aims to evaluate its sensitivity/specificity and correlations to symptomatology, biomarkers, and clinical outcome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.MethodsThis prospective study consecutively enrolled 114 persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 79 mimics referred to Karolinska University Hospital, and also 31 healthy controls. All underwent 3‐Tesla brain susceptibility‐weighted imaging. Three raters independently assessed motor cortex susceptibility with total and regional motor band scores. Survival was evaluated at a median of 34.2 months after the imaging.ResultsThe motor band sign identified amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a sensitivity of 59.6% and a specificity of 91.1% versus mimics and 96.8% versus controls. Higher motor band scores were more common with genetic risk factors (p = 0.032), especially with C9orf72 mutation, and were associated with higher neurofilament light levels (std. β 0.22, p = 0.019). Regional scores correlated strongly with focal symptoms (medial region vs. gross motor dysfunction, std. β −0.64, p = 0.001; intermediate region vs. fine motor dysfunction, std. β −0.51, p = 0.031; lateral region vs. bulbar symptoms std. β −0.71, p < 0.001). There were no associations with cognition, progression rate, or survival.InterpretationIn a real‐life clinical setting, the motor band sign has high specificity but relatively low sensitivity for identifying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Associations with genetic risk factors, neurofilament levels and somatotopic correspondence to focal motor weakness suggest that the motor band sign could be a suitable biomarker for diagnostics and clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Concrete structure assembly technology based on 3D intelligent image analysis
Authors: Cao Limei , Song Xiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAt present, there is no standard practice for temporary connection of component installation. How to make temporary connections to components more efficient and accurate is the key to the construction of cast‐in‐place connection parts in concrete prefabricated buildings. In order to improve the assembly technology of concrete structures, this paper combines three‐dimensional intelligent image analysis technology for simulation, analyzes and compares several common electronic image stabilization algorithms, discusses the video image stabilization technology based on gray projection method in detail, and gives experimental results. Moreover, this paper analyzes and compares common moving target tracking algorithms, such as feature‐based tracking, region matching‐based tracking, dynamic contour‐based tracking, and 3D model‐based tracking. In addition, this paper studies the target tracking algorithm based on the Camshift algorithm, and constructs the assembly model of the intelligent concrete structure with the support of the algorithm. Through experimental verification, it is known that the performance distribution of the concrete structure assembly model based on 3D intelligent image analysis in experimental evaluation is between [81, 89], the experimental study shows that the concrete structure assembly model based on 3D intelligent image analysis can effectively improve the assembly effect of concrete structure.
Fully Polymeric Conductive Hydrogels with Low Hysteresis and High Toughness as Multi‐Responsive and Self‐Powered Wearable Sensors
Authors: Wang Weiyi , Guo Pengshan , Liu Xin , Chen Meijun , Li Jinghua , Hu Zhigang , Li Guangda , Chang Qi , Shi Kunming , Wang Xinling , Lei Kun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh mechanical strength, excellent toughness, low hysteresis, and robust resilience are of great importance for stretchable conductive hydrogels (CHs) to heighten their reliabilities for self‐powered sensing applications. However, it still remains challenging to simultaneously obtain the mutually exclusive performances. Herein, an intrinsically conductive and adhesive hydrogel is fabricated by one‐step radical polymerization of acrylamide (AAm), three hydroxy groups together clustered‐N‐[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide (THMA), and cationic 1‐Butyl‐3‐Vinylimidazolium Bromide (ILs) dissolved in core‐shell structurally dispersed PEDOT:PSS (PP) solution. Owing to abundant clustered hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions between PILs chains and anionic PSS shells, and polymer chain entanglements, the CHs feature superior mechanical properties with a high tensile strength (0.25 MPa), fracture strain (1015%), fracture toughness (1.22 MJ m‐3), fracture energy of 36.5 kJ m‐2 and extremely low hysteresis (5%), and display excellent resilience and fatigue resistance. As a result, the CHs indicate excellent sensing properties with a gauge factor up to 10.46, a broad sensing range of strain (1‐900%) and pressure (0.05‐100 kPa), and fast responsive rate, thus qualifying for monitoring reliably and accurately large and tiny human movements in daily life. Moreover, the hydrogel‐assembled triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) exhibit excellent and stable electrical output performances, which are greatly promising in self‐powered flexible wearable electronics.
Thinning Solution‐proceed 2D Te for p‐ and n‐channel Junction Field Effect Transistor with High Mobility and Ideal Subthreshold Slope
Authors: Zhu Lingyu , Zhang Jielian , Chen Xinhao , Bu Nabuqi , Zheng Tao , Gao Wei , Li Fei , Zhao Yiming , Sun Yiming , Li Shasha , Huo Nengjie , Li Jingbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional non‐layered tellurene (Te) can serve as a promising candidate in transistor applications because of its high carrier mobility and air stability. However, it is still quite challenging in aspect of ultra‐thin channel and gate‐control ability in conventional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor architecture. This work proposes a facile thinning strategy for solution‐proceed Te flakes and fabricates a junction field‐effect transistor (JFET) architecture, that has well addressed the above‐mentioned two issues. Through a mild oxidative thinning process, the post‐growth Te flakes are thinned from bulk to few‐layer, guaranteeing the highly efficient electrostatic doping as a transistor channel. Then, a four‐terminal JFET‐based on p‐Te and n‐ReS2 is designed, achieving a multifunctional integration of rectification diode, p‐ and n‐channel transistor in one single device. By accessing different contact scheme, the ReS2/Te p‐n diode is explored with a rectification ratio of 103, the p‐channel JFET exhibits a high hole mobility of 317.6 cm2V−1s−1, ideal low subthreshold swing of 84 mV dec−1. While the n‐channel JFET is obtained with electron mobility of 67.6 cm2 V−1s−1 and SS of 229 mV dec−1. Both p‐ and n‐channel devices showcase clear saturation characteristic with ultra‐small pinch‐off voltage (≈0.4 V), which is crucial for low‐power logical and integrated circuit applications.
Engineering Ion Conduction Nanodomain Spacing and Interface Environment for Ultrastable All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Sucheng , Liu Mingdong , Du Li , Song Huiyu , Cui Zhiming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBlock copolymer electrolytes are of great interest due to the combination merits of ion conduction and mechanical strength. However, there lacks a comprehensive understanding on the role of nanodomain spacing in ion‐dipole coordinating environment and interface environment. Herein, the lithium salts with varied binding energy are chosen to tune nanodomain spacing in Polyether‐block‐Polyamide (PEO‐PA) polymer. Spectra characterizations in combination with molecular dynamic simulations systematically demonstrate adding LiFSI salts with lower binding energy contributes to forming larger PEO nanodomain spacing and clarifies the relationship between nanodomain spacing and ion‐dipole coordinating environment as well as interface environment. The larger PEO nanodomain spacing in LiFSI doping PEO‐PA electrolytes (AEOF) creates a loosely Li+‐EO group coordinating environment and improves pristine interface contact. In addition, the formation of solid‐electrolyte interphase rich in LiF and Li3N enhances interfacial stability. Therefore, the ionic conductivity of AEOF electrolytes is significantly improved. Furthermore, the Li||AEOF||Li cells exhibit extraordinary cycling life over 10000 h (416 days) at 0.1 mA cm−2 with a capacity of 0.1 mAh cm−2. This study provides a new insight into the ion‐dipole coordinating environment and interface environment, which benefits the theory‐guided design of all‐solid‐state polymer electrolytes.
Boosting High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitors via Organic Redox Species on Laser‐Induced Graphene Network
Authors: Li Yiran , Zhang Maoqin , Lu Hongbo , Cai Xinxin , Jiao Zhaoyang , Li Shujing , Song Weixing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHybrid zinc‐ion capacitors combine the energy storage capabilities of zinc‐ion batteries with the high‐power output of supercapacitors. However, the limited cycle life and narrow electrochemical window of hybrid zinc‐ion capacitors currently restrict their potential applications. Herein, a hybrid zinc‐ion capacitor is fabricated on laser‐induced graphene (LIG) based on in situ electropolymerization of organic compound poly(8‐amino‐2‐naphthol). The electropolymerized long‐conjugated chain polymers on the 3D conductive framework of LIG can enhance reaction kinetics, suppress the dissolution of organic compounds, and boost capacity. Simultaneously, hydrogen bonds form between polymer chains, aiding in proton transport. The assembled Zn//carbon cloth/LIG/poly(8‐amino‐2‐naphthol) hybrid zinc‐ion capacitors possess a high specific capacity of 308 mAh g−1 at 0.1 mA cm−2, which is twice as much as that of the batteries without LIG. Additionally, these hybrid capacitors can stably endure 10 000 cycles at a current density of 5 mA cm−2.