bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Morphology of the Papillae Linguales and their Connective Tissue Cores in the Tongue of the Greater Japanese Shrew‐mole, Urotrichus talpoides
Authors: Yoshimura K. , Shindo J. , Kageyama I. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe external morphology of the papillae linguales (papillae filiformes, papillae fungiformes and papillae vallatae) and their connective tissue cores (CTCs) of the greater Japanese shrew‐mole (Urotrichus talpoides) were analysed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Papillae filiformes were distributed over the dorsal surface of the apex linguae, and on the rostral and caudal regions of the corpus linguae but were less numerous in the mid‐region. They were absent from the radix linguae. A pair of oval papillae vallatae was situated at the border between the corpus linguae and the radix linguae. Papillae foliatae were absent. The epithelial surface of each papilla filiformis consisted of a circular concavity, a ring‐like wall and either a single thumb‐like process or 2–3 slender pointed processes, depending on their location. The morphology of the CTCs of the papillae filiformes also varied regionally. The papillae linguales of the Japanese shrew‐mole were morphologically similar to those of other Talpidae and Soricidae, including the common shrew, particularly with respect to the papillae filiformes in the mid‐ and caudal regions of the corpus linguae.
Correlation between cancer location and oncological outcome after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hashine Katsuyoshi , Ueno Yoshiteru , Shinomori Kensuke , Ninomiya Iku , Teramoto Norihiro , Yamashita Natsumi 
Published: May 2012

Objectives:  To examine the association between cancer location, resection margins and oncological outcome in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.Methods:  A total of 505 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1993 and 2009 were included in this analysis. Cancer location, resection margins and pathological factors were assessed based on the 2010 General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Studies on Prostate Cancer. Biochemical recurrence was defined as prostate‐specific antigen >0.2 ng/mL.Results:  Positive resection margins were found in 38.4% of all cases, in 30.3% of pT2 cases and in 57.7% of pT3 cases. The cancer was distributed evenly among the apex‐anterior, apex‐posterior and middle lesions, which each accounted for approximately 30% of the whole lesion in the main tumor. A higher rate of positive resection margins (47.6%) was found in the apex‐anterior lesions. In minor tumors, most cancer was located in the middle lesion and accounted for approximately 60% of the lesion. However, positive resection margins were detected significantly more frequently in the apex‐anterior lesion of minor tumors. The 5‐year and 10‐year biochemical recurrence‐free survival rates were 36.2% and 32.0%, respectively, in patients with a positive resection margin, and 82.7% and 77.4%, respectively, in those with a negative resection margin. Cancer location was an independent risk factor for biochemical recurrence and a positive resection margin. Recurrence‐free survival was lower in pT2 cases with a positive resection margin compared with pT3 cases with a negative resection margin.Conclusions:  Cancer location and occurrence of positive resection margins can have negative effects on recurrence‐free survival. Thus, it is of utmost importance to avoid positive resection margins during radical prostatectomy.
Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: a mentoring surgical model
Authors: Yang Joseph Y. M. , De Ruiter Ingrid , Parker Andrew , Wormald Peter J. , Robinson Simon , Wickremesekera Agadha 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground:  We report the experience of endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery (EETS) for resection of pituitary region tumours at Wellington, the central regional referral centre for neurosurgery in New Zealand, and discuss the collaborative mentoring surgical model that enhanced the learning experience.Method:  Between January 2007 and June 2009, a total of 47 operations on 46 patients were performed and reviewed retrospectively. All patients had perioperative clinical assessment, hormonal profile and magnetic resonance imaging studies for residual/recurrent disease. The collaborative model utilized two neurosurgeons with experience in the microsurgical resection of pituitary tumours: an endoscopic skull base fellowship trained rhinologist and an endoscopic skull base rhinologist with more experience who visited twice a year from Adelaide, Australia.Results:  The pathology results included: 30 non‐functioning pituitary adenomas, 10 secreting pituitary adenomas, 3 meningiomas, 1 chordoma, 1 anterior skull base adenocarcinoma and 1 clival prostate metastasis. Complete tumour resection was intended and achieved in 38 cases. All 10 patients with secreting adenomas achieved improvement of hormonal profile. Nineteen out of 27 cases demonstrated improvement of vision. Perioperative complications included one epistaxis, three cerebrospinal fluid fistulae, one delayed chronic subdural haematoma and one persistent diabetes insipidus.Conclusion:  Our results highlight the value of a collaborative mentoring surgical model for a single centre adopting the endoscopic transsphenoidal technique and demonstrate that excellent EETS outcomes can be achieved in a smaller endoscopic skull base unit in Australasia during the learning phase.
Reflections on clinical learning in novice speech–language therapy students
Authors: Hill Anne E. , Davidson Bronwyn J. , Theodoros Deborah G. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract Background: Reflective practice is reported to enhance clinical reasoning and therefore to maximize client outcomes. The inclusion of targeted reflective practice in academic programmes in speech–language therapy has not been consistent, although providing opportunities for speech–language therapy students to reflect during their clinical practice has been reported. Indeed, there has been limited investigation of the nature of speech–language therapy students’ reflections.Aims: (1) To describe the breadth and depth of reflection skills of novice speech–language therapy students by utilizing structured reflective learning journals. (2) To evaluate the use of a coding system to determine its reliability and relevance in identifying reflection skills.Methods & Procedures: Participants were 52 students in their second year of a 4‐year undergraduate speech–language therapy programme. Mean participant age was 20.5 years; all students were female. Participants completed guided written reflections following three interviews with a standardized patient (an actor portraying a parent of a child with delayed speech development). Reflections were coded by two raters. Nine participants’ reflections were recoded by raters A and B to establish intra‐rater reliability. Inter‐rater reliability between these two raters was calculated and a third rater completed coding of 20% of students’ reflections to further establish inter‐rater reliability.Outcomes & Results: Results indicated that the majority of students were categorized as ‘reflectors’. All students demonstrated at least one element of reflection. Their reflective writing primarily focused on a discussion of the content of and strategies used within the interviews, and reflection on and for action. Results also indicated that the coding system used within the study was reliable in determining both the breadth and depth of student reflections.Conclusions & Implications: This study found that novice speech–language therapy students can reflect on their clinical learning experiences within a structured clinical environment involving standardized patients. Only a small number of novice students were found to be critical reflectors who were able to analyse the content of clinical interviews, view the interaction from the perspective of the patient, and record changes to their own perspective which occurred as a result. The coding system was established as reliable and thus relevant for use in furthering research on reflective practice within speech–language therapy and other disciplines. Further investigation of reflective skills within other clinical environments and with additional clinical experience is recommended.
Current role of diethylstilbestrol in the management of advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Bosset Pierre‐Olivier , Albiges Laurence , Seisen Thomas , de la Motte Rouge Thibault , Phé Véronique , Bitker Marc‐Olivier , Rouprêt Morgan 
Published: May 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been found to have anti‐tumour properties and clinical effectiveness in prostate cancer that is resistant to the first‐line hormonal therapy.This review found that low‐dose DES has anti‐tumour efficacy with limited cardiovascular side effects and should be considered for secondary hormone manoeuvres.The aim of this review was to describe the most recent data from contemporary clinical trials of diethylstilbestrol (DES) to better determine its current role in advanced prostate cancer treatment as new hormonal therapies emerge. Relevant clinical studies using 1 mg of DES in castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were identified from the literature, clinical trial databases, websites and conference abstracts. The efficacy and safety outcomes were summarized. DES in CRPC produced a biological response (change in PSA level) and improved the median survival of patients when used as a second‐line hormone therapy after standard androgen deprivation with bicalutamide and LHRH analogues. These findings were for low doses of DES. The 1‐mg dose is associated with a reduced toxicity, including fewer thromboembolic and cardiovascular events. Low‐dose DES appears to be safe and effective for CRPC before initiating chemotherapy. The cost/efficiency ratio may encourage physicians to consider DES as a therapy option before chemotherapy in non‐symptomatic CRPC.
An evaluation of a pilot capacity building initiative for smoking cessation in social and community services: The Smoking Care project
Authors: O'BRIEN JON , BONEVSKI BILLIE , SALMON ALLISON , OAKES WENDY , GOODGER BRENDAN , SOEWIDO DIAS 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. New strategies are required to reach subpopulations with high smoking rates. This study reports on an evaluation of the Smoking Care intervention—a 2‐year organisational capacity building strategy—for social and community service organisations (SCSOs) to provide smoking care to clients.Design and Methods. The Smoking Care intervention consisted of: awareness raising seminars (half‐day); smoking cessation training (1 day) and; nicotine replacement therapy grants (3 months). Baseline and 3‐month follow‐up data were collected within participating SCSOs and the primary outcomes measured were: changes in staff attitudes, confidence and practice of smoking cessation care. Changes in client self‐reported smoking behaviours, quit attempts and interest in quitting were also measured.Results. Of 600 staff who attended training, 306 (51%) returned pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys. At 3‐month follow‐up staff reported statistically significant increases in positive attitudes to providing smoking cessation care, increased confidence in providing such care and increases in cessation practice. Of 400 client surveys distributed, 367 (92%) were returned at pre‐intervention and 255 (64%) at post‐intervention. Fewer clients reported daily smoking at post‐intervention, while use of nicotine replacement therapy and group counselling increased significantly. Client interest in quitting and receiving quit support from case workers was high at both pre‐ and post‐intervention.Discussion and Conclusions. The intervention had an impact on SCSO staff attitudes, confidence and provision of smoking care. Results show clients were receptive to this support. More rigorous testing of similar interventions in SCSOs is warranted.[O'Brien J, Bonevski B, Salmon A, Oakes W, Goodger B, Soewido D. An evaluation of a pilot capacity building initiative for smoking cessation in social and community services: The Smoking Care project. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:685–692].
THE DANGERS OF EUTHANASIA AND DEMENTIA: HOW KANTIAN THINKING MIGHT BE USED TO SUPPORT NON‐VOLUNTARY EUTHANASIA IN CASES OF EXTREME DEMENTIA
Authors: SHARP ROBERT 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTSome writers have argued that a Kantian approach to ethics can be used to justify suicide in cases of extreme dementia, where a patient lacks the rationality required of Kantian moral agents. I worry that this line of thinking may lead to the more extreme claim that euthanasia is a proper Kantian response to severe dementia (and similar afflictions). Such morally treacherous thinking seems to be directly implied by the arguments that lead Dennis Cooley and similar writers to claim that Kant might support suicide. If rationality is the only factor in valuing a human life, then the loss of that rationality (however such loss might be defined) would allow us to use essentially utilitarian thinking in order to support non‐voluntary euthanasia, since the patients themselves would no longer be moral agents that demand respect.
The International Trade Union Confederation: From Two (or More?) Identities to One
Authors: Gumbrell‐McCormick Rebecca 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe International Trade Union Confederation was founded in 2006, consisting primarily of former affiliates of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions and the World Confederation of Labour (although its creation was not formally a merger). I show how changes in the ideologies and identities of both confederations helped to overcome years of mutual antagonism and paved the way for unification. I consider the unification process in the broader perspective of the literature on trade union mergers but stress the need to focus on the role of ideas in such structural changes. The conclusion considers the problems the new confederation faces in developing a common set of ideas and a clear identity out of the separate orientations of its forerunners.
SOCIAL SECURITY TAX AND ENDOGENOUS TECHNICAL CHANGE IN AN ECONOMY WITH AN AGING POPULATION
Authors: Rada Codrina 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a classical model of economic growth which incorporates class conflict and induced technological change to show how demographic changes can affect future income distribution and production relations in industrialized countries. Specifically, I use an extended real wage Phillips curve to account for the effects of a social security tax on income distribution and therefore on capital accumulation and employment. In this framework output growth is determined from the supply side by available savings. Analytical and simulation results indicate that the sustainability of an economy with fast population aging over transient paths hinges upon improvements in labor productivity, hence, the specific mechanism of technical progress in place.
Model selection criteria affect measures of temporal variation in animal–landscape regression models
Authors: Riffell Samuel K. , Gutzwiller Kevin J. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAimTemporal variation in animal–landscape relationships hinders management decisions and development of conservation policy. Animal–landscape relationships may be modelled using several model selection criteria (MSC), but how such criteria affect measures of temporal variation of modelled relationships is unclear.LocationAppalachianMountains,USA.MethodsWe used results from linear and logistic regression models for 98 bird species over a 5‐year period to compute two measures of interannual variation in bird–landscape relationships: model consistency reflected the degree to which variables and directions of relationships in a model were the same.R2coefficient of variation (R2CV) reflected the degree to which the strength of relationships was the same. We calculated both metrics for each species' models after using four commonMSC:AICc,BIC, stepwise‐0.15 and adjustedR2.ResultsAlthough positively correlated (r = 0.43−> 0.99;P = 0.030−< 0.001), interannual variation metrics for species differed up to 80% among differentMSC. One exception was that using stepwise‐0.15 andAICcresulted in identical bird–landscape models > 90% of the time and thus produced the same interannual variation metrics for those models.MSCaffectedR2CVless than model consistency. Model consistency did not differ significantly amongMSC. Use ofBICled to the highestR2CV(greatest interannual variation), and use ofAICcand stepwise‐0.15 led to the lowestR2CV.Main conclusionsComparisons of interannual variation metrics across studies or regions should be based on models derived from the sameMSC. When cross‐study comparisons must be made, effects ofMSCon interannual variation in the strength of relationships (R2CV) may be smaller than effects ofMSCon interannual variation in the identity of relationships (model consistency). Model consistency metrics could potentially be used in concert with other model evaluation criteria to refine landscape‐based species conservation planning.
Squatiniformes (Chondrichthyes, Neoselachii) from the Late Cretaceous of southern England and northern France with redescription of the holotype of Squatina cranei Woodward, 1888
Authors: GUINOT GUILLAUME , UNDERWOOD CHARLIE J. , CAPPETTA HENRI , WARD DAVID J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract:  Bulk sampling of phosphate‐rich horizons within the Late Cretaceous of the Anglo‐Paris Basin yielded numerous teeth of members of the Squatiniformes. Along with isolated tooth remains, two museum specimens comprising partial articulated encoskeletal remains including the holotype of the species Squatina cranei Woodward, 1888a are described, and a new subgenus Cretascyllium is proposed for species of the genus Squatina with high degree of heterodonty and triangular anterior teeth. The species Squatina (Cretascyllium) cranei comb. nov. and Squatina (Cretascyllium) hassei comb. nov. are referred to this subgenus. The genus Parasquatina Herman, 1982 previously erected on a single tooth is valid, and two new species P. justinensis sp. nov. and P. jarvisi sp. nov. are described along with a third taxon Parasquatina sp. An enigmatic tooth referred to ?Neoselachii incertae sedis is also reported. The palaeoecology of these taxa is discussed.
Do Managers Always Know Better? The Relative Accuracy of Management and Analyst Forecasts
Authors: HUTTON AMY P. , LEE LIAN FEN , SHU SUSAN Z. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe examine the relative accuracy of management and analyst forecasts of annual EPS. We predict and find that analysts’ information advantage resides at the macroeconomic level. They provide more accurate earnings forecasts than management when a firm's fortunes move in concert with macroeconomic factors such as Gross Domestic Product and energy costs. In contrast, we predict and find that management's information advantage resides at the firm level. Their forecasts are more accurate than analysts’ when management's actions, which affect reported earnings, are difficult to anticipate by outsiders, such as when the firm's inventories are abnormally high or the firm has excess capacity or is experiencing a loss. Although analysts are commonly viewed as industry specialists, we fail to find evidence that analysts have an information advantage over managers at the industry level. The two have comparable abilities to forecast earnings for firms with revenues or earnings that are more synchronous with their industries.
Electron Tomography of Vesicles
Authors: MICHEL C. CHARLES 
Published: May 2012

Please cite this paper as: Michel CC. Electron tomography of vesicles. Microcirculation 19: 473–476, 2012.AbstractIn this issue of Microcirculation, Wagner, Modla, Hossler and Czmmek [25] describe the use of electron tomography to visualize the three‐dimensional arrangement of small endothelial vesicles and caveolae of muscle capillaries. Their images show the well‐known clusters of fused vesicles communicating with caveolae at the luminal and abluminal surfaces. The advantages of electron tomography are shown by well resolved images of single cytoplasmic vesicles separate from fused vesicle clusters and also by occasional chains of fused vesicles forming trans‐endothelial channels. Twenty five to thirty years ago the existence of both trans‐endothelial channels and single unattached vesicles was disputed. Also, since some single vesicles and all of the trans‐endothelial channels are labeled with a lanthanide tracer present in the perfusate at the time of fixation, this evidence once again raises the question of whether vesicles have a role in vascular permeability to macromolecules. This brief review describes the origin of the vesicle controversy, some of the more recent evidence for and against the participation of vesicles in macromolecular transport and considers some criticisms of ultra‐structural evidence for vesicular transport that still require answers.
Strengthening Ti3AlC2 by In Situ Synthesizing Ti3AlC2–Y4Al2O9 Composites
Authors: Zhan Xun , Li Zhen , Gao Zenghua , Zheng Liya , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Jingyang , Zhou Yanchun 
Published: May 2012

Ti3AlC2 has low density, high elastic modulus, quasi‐ductility, and excellent oxidation resistance. However, its relatively low strength needs to be improved. In this study, dense Ti3AlC2–Y4Al2O9 composites (containing 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt% Y4Al2O9) were synthesized by hot pressing/solid‐liquid reaction using Ti, Al, C, and Y2O3 as initial materials. We investigated the in situ formation process of Y4Al2O9, and studied the change of microstructure and optimization of mechanical properties of the Ti3AlC2–Y4Al2O9 composites. The grain size and aspect ratio of Ti3AlC2 grains are significantly reduced in Ti3AlC2–Y4Al2O9 composites, which is the source of higher strength from room temperature to elevated temperatures. The Ti3AlC2‐5 wt%Y4Al2O9 composite shows better optimization in its mechanical properties than other studied composites. In addition, there is an improvement in strength without debit in toughness of the composite.
Systemic antibiotics and debridement of peri‐implant mucositis. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hallström Hadar , Persson G. Rutger , Lindgren Susann , Olofsson Maria , Renvert Stefan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis RCT compared non‐surgical treatment of peri‐implant mucositis with or without systemic antibiotics.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight subjects received non‐surgical debridement with or without systemic Azithromax ® (4 days), and were followed during 6 months. The checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization method was used to analyse the microbiological material.ResultsFive subjects were excluded due to antibiotic medication during follow‐up. At baseline,1 and 3 months no group differences were found. Statistical analysis failed to demonstrate differences in probing pocket depths (PPD) values at 6 months (Mean diff PPD: 0.5 mm, SE: ±0.4 mm, 95% CI: −0.2, 1.3, p = 0.16). Mean% implant bleeding decreased between baseline and month 6 from 82.6% to 27.3% in the test, and from 80.0% to 47.5% in the control group (p < 0.02). Throughout the study, no study group differences in bacterial counts were found.ConclusionNo short‐term differences were found between study groups. The clinical improvements observed at 6 months may be attributed to improvements in oral hygiene. The present study does not provide evidence for the use of systemic antibiotics in treatment of peri‐implant mucositis.