bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impacts of an mHealth intervention targeting parents on health service usage and out‐of‐pocket costs in the first 9 months of life: The Growing healthy app
Authors: Laws Rachel A. , Zheng Miaobing , Brown Vicki , Lymer Sharyn , Campbell Karen J. , Russell Catherine G. , Taki Sarah , Litterbach Eloise , Ong Kok‐Leong , Denney‐Wilson Elizabeth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMobile health (mHealth) interventions provide a low‐cost, scalable approach to supporting parents with infant feeding advice with the potential to reduce health care visits and associated costs for infant feeding support. This Australian study examined the impact of the Growing healthy (GH) app on health service utilisation and out‐of‐pocket costs for families in the first 9 months of their infants life. A quasi‐experimental study with a comparison group was conducted in 2015–2016 with an mHealth intervention group (GH app, n = 301) and a nonrandomized usual care group (n = 344). The GH app aimed to support parents of young infants with healthy infant feeding behaviours from birth to 9 months of age. App‐generated notifications directed parents to age‐and feeding‐specific content within the app. Both groups completed surveys at baseline when infants were less than 3 months old (T1), at 6 months (T2) and 9 months (T3) of age. At T3, participants reported health services used and any out‐of‐pocket costs for advice on infant feeding, growth or activity. App users had lower odds (odds ratio: 0.38 95% confidence interval: 0.25, 0.59) of using one or more services and had lower number of visits to a general practitioner (1.0 vs. 1.5 visits, p = 0.003) and paediatrician (0.3 vs. 0.4 visits, p = 0.049) compared to the usual care group. There was no difference in out‐of‐pocket costs between groups. Provision of an evidenced‐based infant feeding app may provide substantial savings to the health system and potentially to parents through fewer primary health care and paediatrician visits.
Establishing new medical schools in diverse contexts: A novel conceptual framework for success
Authors: Kirubakaran Sneha , Kumar Koshila , Worley Paul , Pimlott Joanne , Greenhill Jennene 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundEstablishing a new medical school is a significant venture involving many complex political, social, economic, educational, and organisational considerations. The published literature on the process of establishing a new medical school is, however, under‐developed with minimal empirical research and no explicit reference to theory. This research sought to address these gaps and establish an empirical and theoretical evidence‐base for the process of new medical school establishment in diverse contexts, particularly medically under‐served areas.MethodsA Critical Realist Multiple Case Study was undertaken to examine the establishment of new medical schools across three continents. Data were collected between 2016 and 2018 through observational data gathered on site visits to three medical schools in medically under‐served areas, relevant documents/audio‐visual materials, and semi‐structured interviews with key founding personnel. Data were analysed using the Critical Realist approach. Institutional Entrepreneurship theory was applied, adapted, and extended to explore and explain the phenomenon of new medical school establishment in diverse contexts.ResultsThis study identifies eight critical success factors underpinning new medical school establishment. Framed as the Eight C's Framework (8CF), these factors include Context (field conditions), Catalysts (institutional entrepreneurs), Conducing (helping to bring about a particular situation or outcome), Collecting (resources), Connecting (relationships), Convincing (rationales), Challenges, and Consequences (outcomes). 8CF highlights that new medical schools are successfully established when Catalysts act within their Contexts to undertake the tasks of Conducing, Convincing, Collecting, and Connecting in order to produce desired Consequences and overcome Challenges.ConclusionsThe Eight C's Framework is a theory‐based, empirically supported framework that can be applied across different contexts to strategically guide the successful establishment of new medical schools. Founding leaders and stakeholders could use 8CF to ensure their establishment efforts are underpinned by theory and scholarship.
Transcapillary PO2 Gradients in Contracting Muscles of Type I Diabetic Rats
Authors: Takamizawa Ren , Hotta Kazuki , Fujii Yutaka , Ikegami Ryo , Hitosugi Naoki , Inoue Tatsuro , Tamiya Hajime , Tsubaki Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the effect of Type I diabetes (DIA) on transcapillary PO2 gradients, which are oxygen‐driving factors between the blood and the interstitium, in the contracting muscle of rats.MethodsWistar male rats were divided into the diabetic (streptozocin i.p.) and sham groups. Microvascular and interstitial PO2 were measured in the extensor digitorum longus muscle during electrical stimulation‐induced muscle contraction, using the phosphorescence quenching method. Transcapillary PO2 gradient, ΔPO2, was calculated as microvascular minus interstitial PO2.ResultsResting microvascular PO2 was higher in the diabetic group than in the sham group (6.3 ± 1.7 vs. 4.7 ± 0.9 mmHg, p < 0.05) and remained for 180 s. Interstitial PO2 from rest to muscle contraction did not differ between the groups. The ΔPO2 was higher in the diabetic group than in the sham group at rest and during muscle contraction (4.03 ± 1.42 vs. 2.46 ± 0.90 mmHg at rest; 3.67 ± 1.51 vs. 2.22 ± 0.65 mmHg during muscle contraction, p < 0.05). Marked muscle atrophy was observed in the diabetic group.ConclusionDIA increased microvascular and transcapillary PO2 gradients in the skeletal muscle. The enhanced PO2 gradients were maintained from rest to muscle contraction in diabetic muscle.
Nicotine Impairs Smooth Muscle cAMP Signaling and Vascular Reactivity
Authors: Singhrao Navid , Flores‐Tamez Victor A. , Moustafa Yumna A. , Reddy Gopireddy R. , Burns Abby E. , Pinkerton Kent E. , Chen Chao‐Yin , Navedo Manuel F. , Nieves‐Cintrón Madeline 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to determine nicotine's impact on receptor‐mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). We hypothesize that nicotine impairs β adrenergic–mediated cAMP signaling in VSM, leading to altered vascular reactivity.MethodsThe effects of nicotine on cAMP signaling and vascular function were systematically tested in aortic VSM cells and acutely isolated aortas from mice expressing the cAMP sensor TEpacVV (Camper), specifically in VSM (e.g., CamperSM).ResultsIsoproterenol (ISO)‐induced β‐adrenergic production of cAMP in VSM was significantly reduced in cells from second‐hand smoke (SHS)–exposed mice and cultured wild‐type VSM treated with nicotine. The decrease in cAMP synthesis caused by nicotine was verified in freshly isolated arteries from a mouse that had cAMP sensor expression in VSM (e.g., CamperSM mouse). Functionally, the changes in cAMP signaling in response to nicotine hindered ISO‐induced vasodilation, but this was reversed by immediate PDE3 inhibition.ConclusionsThese results imply that nicotine alters VSM β adrenergic–mediated cAMP signaling and vasodilation, which may contribute to the dysregulation of vascular reactivity and the development of vascular complications for nicotine‐containing product users.
A simulation‐based approach for optimizing the placement of dedicated lanes for autonomous vehicles in large‐scale networks
Authors: Kamjoo Ehsan , Rostami Alireza , Fakhrmoosavi Fatemeh , Zockaie Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a framework to maximize societal benefits associated with the autonomous vehicle (AV)‐dedicated lane implementation at large‐scale transportation networks, considering the travel time savings and the required investments to prepare the infrastructure for their deployment. To this end, a bi‐level optimization problem is formulated. The upper level determines the links for dedicated lane deployment, while at the lower level, a mesoscopic traffic simulation tool is employed to enable a realistic representation of these vehicles in a mixed traffic. The problem is solved using the genetic algorithm. To further reduce the computational burden, this study adopts a clustering method based on the snake algorithm to group the candidate links and reduce the size of the solution space. The proposed framework is successfully applied to the case study of Chicago downtown network, considering various demand levels, AV market penetration rates, and implementation approaches. The results highlight the need for optimizing the placement of AV‐dedicated lanes (AVDLs) to ensure the economically beneficial adoption of this strategy across different scenarios. This study provides transportation planners with key operational insights to facilitate the effective adoption of AVDLs during the transitional phase from human‐driven vehicles to a fully AV environment.
Homo Poeta: Rowan Williams and Poetic Anthropology
Authors: McGlinchey Patrick John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRowan Williams's trinitarian ontology rests on the affirmation of eros within God and the ‘irreducible otherness’ of the divine persons to one another. The divine persons are accordingly conceived in ek‐static terms as ‘giving more than they are’. In the generation of the Son and the spiration of the Spirit we discern the ‘timeless making other that is intrinsic to God's being’. It is this poetics from above that is the ‘fountainhead’ of finite human creativity on Williams's view, and more specifically, the eternal filial reality of the Son as the Art, Image or Sign of the Father. Conversely, his poetics from below begins with a phenomenology of artistic labour and linguistic practice that is acutely alert to the material and temporalized conditions of human making. In this article, I elaborate and defend the coordination and mutual illumination provided by his poetics from above and from below which affects a significant reworking of how we imagine the relation between the finite and the infinite. What emerges from this re‐working, I will argue, is a profound, ecstatic and ‘personalist’ view of the material and temporal human creature becoming ‘hypostatic’ via a filial mode of creativity.
Genetic architecture of disease resistance and tolerance in Douglas‐fir trees
Authors: Singh Pooja , St Clair J. Bradley , Lind Brandon M. , Cronn Richard , Wilhelmi Nicholas P. , Feau Nicolas , Lu Mengmeng , Vidakovic Dragana Obreht , Hamelin Richard C. , Shaw David C. , Aitken Sally N. , Yeaman Sam 
Published: May 2024

Summary

Understanding the genetic basis of how plants defend against pathogens is important to monitor and maintain resilient tree populations. Swiss needle cast (SNC) and Rhabdocline needle cast (RNC) epidemics are responsible for major damage of forest ecosystems in North America.

Here we investigate the genetic architecture of tolerance and resistance to needle cast diseases in Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) caused by two fungal pathogens: SNC caused by Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii, and RNC caused by Rhabdocline pseudotsugae.

We performed case–control genome‐wide association analyses and found disease resistance and tolerance in Douglas‐fir to be polygenic and under strong selection. We show that stomatal regulation as well as ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways are important for resisting SNC infection, and secondary metabolite pathways play a role in tolerating SNC once the plant is infected. We identify a major transcriptional regulator of plant defense, ERF1, as the top candidate for RNC resistance.

Our findings shed light on the highly polygenic architectures underlying fungal disease resistance and tolerance and have important implications for forestry and conservation as the climate changes.
The use of honey in the perioperative care of tonsillectomy patients—A narrative review
Authors: Yeoh Mei F. , Sommerfield Aine , Sommerfield David , von Ungern‐Sternberg Britta S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in childhood. While generally safe, it often is associated with a difficult early recovery phase with poor oral intake, dehydration, difficult or painful swallowing, postoperative bleeding, infection and/or otalgia. Better pain management and the availability of more child friendly medications are within the top consumer priorities in perioperative medicine, highlighting the importance of alternative pain treatments. This review focuses on the potential role of honey in the postoperative setting, its effects, and mechanisms of action. While the application of honey post‐tonsillectomy may offer analgesic and healing benefits, it may also reduce postoperative bleeding. A systematic search was carried out using the search terms honey, tonsillectomy. Filters were applied to human studies and English. No other search terms were used or age filters applied to yield a broader range of results. Seven pediatric, four adult, and two studies of mixed pediatric and adult patients with sample sizes ranging from 8 to 52 patients were included in this review. Effect sizes ranged from small to huge across the studies. While the application of honey post‐tonsillectomy may offer analgesic and healing benefits, it may also reduce postoperative bleeding. However, while there are potential benefits based on the chemical composition of honey, the current literature is of variable quality and there is need for high quality clinical trials.
Association of synaptic density and cognitive performance in temporal lobe epilepsy: Humans and animals PET imaging study with [18F]SynVesT‐1
Authors: Xiao Ling , Xiang Shijun , Chen Chen , Zhu Haoyue , Zhou Ming , Tang Yongxiang , Feng Li , Hu Shuo 
Published: May 2024

AimCognitive impairment is a common comorbidity in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study explored the putative association between in vivo synaptic loss and cognitive outcomes in TLE patients by PET imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A).MethodsWe enrolled 16 TLE patients and 10 cognitively normal controls. All participants underwent SV2A PET imaging using [18F]SynVesT‐1 and cognitive assessment. Lithium chloride‐pilocarpine‐induced rats with status epilepticus (n = 20) and controls (n = 6) rats received levetiracetam (LEV, specifically binds to SV2A), valproic acid (VPA), or saline for 14 days. Then, synaptic density was quantified by [18F]SynVesT‐1 micro‐PET/CT. The novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests evaluated TLE‐related cognitive function. SV2A expression was examined and confirmed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsTemporal lobe epilepsy patients showed significantly reduced synaptic density in hippocampus, which was associated with cognitive performance. In the rat model of TLE, the expression of SV2A and synaptic density decreased consistently in a wider range of brain regions, including the entorhinal cortex, insula, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and cortex. We treated TLE animal models with LEV or VPA to explore whether synaptic loss contributes to cognitive deficits. It was found that LEV significantly exerted protective effects against brain synaptic deficits and cognitive impairment.ConclusionThis is the first study to link synaptic loss to cognitive deficits in TLE, suggesting [18F]SynVesT‐1 PET could be a promising biomarker for monitoring synaptic loss and cognitive dysfunction. LEV might help reverse synaptic deficits and ameliorate learning and memory impairments in TLE patients.
Societal perceptions of aquaculture: Combining scoping review and media analysis
Authors: Budhathoki Mausam , Tunca Sezgin , Martinez Raquel Lopez , Zhang Wenbo , Li Saihong , Le Gallic Bertrand , Brunsø Karen , Sharma Priya , Eljasik Piotr , Gyalog Gergo , Panicz Remigiusz , Little David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAquaculture has been recognised for achieving multiple United Nations Sustainable Development Goals; its further growth depends on understanding, and responding to, societal perceptions in a broader context. Thus, this study aims to understand societal perceptions of aquaculture through a scoping review and media analysis. A scoping review identified 151 academic studies for inclusion in our five identified research clusters: (1) social acceptability, (2) growth and development, (3) media coverage, (4) sustainable aquaculture, and (5) consumer perceptions. Further, newspaper articles (n = 100) were sampled from the United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Spain, Turkey, and China; elsewhere all articles identified were included (Poland, 79; Hungary, 29; India, 70). The findings suggest that scientific and newspaper articles tend to present sustainability aspects in a simplified form. Key stakeholder groups include fish farming enterprises, civil society, governmental officials, scientists, and business leaders both within aquaculture value chains (retailers/wholesalers, technology industry) and outside of them (fisheries, tourism). Also, other stakeholders included the public (indigenous groups, residents, consumers). The stakeholder groups perceived aquaculture differently and depending on the circumstances and context, their perceptions ranged from positive to negative. Many factors influenced their perceptions, including aquaculture's impact on multiple sustainability dimensions, knowledge, transparency, personal interests, types, and location of aquaculture practises, regulations, experience, and sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, education, and income. We recommend that aquaculture practitioners focus on context‐specific multifaceted strategies—prioritising transparency, communication, and accountability—and provide essential knowledge to ensure that societal perceptions of aquaculture are based on accurate, empirical information.
An exploratory study of stressors, mental health, insomnia, and pain in cisgender girls, cisgender boys, and transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth
Authors: Wurm Matilda , Högström Jens , Tillfors Maria , Lindståhl Miriam , Norell Annika 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionTransgender and gender‐diverse (TGD) youth experience more stressors and are therefore at a higher risk of health problems compared with their cisgender peers. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of TGD youth in a general population sample and to explore a wide variety of health‐related factors. We investigate differences in stressors and health outcomes between TGD youth and cisgender girls and boys and the influence of stressors and demographic factors on health outcome in the whole group.MethodsCross‐sectional survey data from a Swedish school‐based study were used (N = 3,067, M = 17.8 years). Those who had reported their gender identity as “other” or other than their assigned gender (N = 41) were compared with cisgendered girls (n = 1,544) and boys (n = 1,482). Regression models in the whole group explored if demographics and stressors statistically predicted health outcomes.ResultsIn comparison with cisgender girls and boys, TGD youth (1.3% of the whole sample) reported a higher prevalence of self‐harm and pain problems. Both TGD youth and cisgender girls more frequently reported insomnia, social anxiety, depressive symptoms, pain, and stressors compared with cisgender boys. When only demographic variables were entered, but not when stressors were added to the model, being TGD magnified the odds of depressive symptoms, sub‐diagnostic social anxiety, and pain problems. Stressors magnified the odds of reporting health problems for the whole group.ConclusionTGD youth generally reported more stressors, which negatively influence health outcomes. Results are important for professionals who meet TGD youth.
Case report: Medical and surgical management of presumed canine nodular granulomatous episcleritis with progression to posterior nodular scleritis, choroiditis, and optic neuritis
Authors: Pearsall Mary Evelyn , Knollinger Amy , Gardiner David 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE) typically presents as an elevated mass or elevated masses at the limbus and often infiltrates the cornea (episclerokeratitis). In the current report, a granulomatous lesion was observed subretinally in the right eye (OD) of a 5‐year‐old male castrated American Staffordshire Terrier dog. There was concurrent retinal hemorrhage and detachment OD; the right eye was not visual. Due to poor prognosis for vision and potential for a neoplastic etiology of the mass, staging with higher imaging was recommended but declined by the owner. Therefore, an enucleation was performed. Histopathology of the globe identified a subretinal mass, marked histiocytic and lesser lymphoplasmacytic choroiditis, posterior episcleritis, and optic neuritis with retinal detachment. The subretinal mass was composed of densely packed, large, spindle histiocytes mixed with occasional lymphocytes, plasma cells, and only rare neutrophils. Regions of the mass showed lymphocytes aggregate to form nodules. This histological presentation was a type of proliferative histiocytic disease with similarities to nodular granulomatous episcleritis or granulomatous/necrotizing scleritis. This is a novel presentation of NGE‐like progression to subretinal scleral, choroidal, and retinal involvement and provides a new differential possibility for posterior segment masses observed on fundic examination.
Evaporation Mechanisms and Heat Transfer in Porous Media of Mixed Wettabilities With a Simulated Solar Flux and Forced Convection Through the Media
Authors: Paap Dylan , Weinhold Benjamin , Chakraborty Partha Pratim , VandenBos Will , Derby Melanie M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An experimental apparatus was designed to study the impacts of wettability on evaporation of water from Ottawa sand. Evaporation rates were measured for: (1) a 5.7-cm-thick layer of hydrophilic Ottawa sand; (2) a 5.7-cm-thick layer with 12% hydrophobic content, consisting of a 0.7-cm-layer of n-Octyltriethoxysilane-coated hydrophobic sand buried 1.8 cm below the surface of hydrophilic sand; and (3) a 5.7-cm-thick layer with mixed wettabilities, consisting of 12% n-Octyltriethoxysilane-coated hydrophobic sand mixed into hydrophilic sand. The sand–water mixtures experienced forced convection above and through the sand layer, while a simulated solar flux (i.e., 112±20 W/m2) was applied. Evaporation from homogeneous porous media is classified into the constant-rate, falling-rate, and slow-rate periods. Wettability affected the observed evaporation mechanisms, including the transition from constant-rate to falling-rate periods. Evaporation entered the falling-rate period at 12%, 20%, and 24% saturations for the all hydrophilic sand, hydrophobic layer, and hydrophobic mixture, respectively. Wettability affected the duration of the experiments, as the all hydrophilic sand, hydrophobic layer, and hydrophobic mixture lasted 17, 20, and 26 trials, respectively. Both experiments with hydrophobic particles lasted longer than the all hydrophilic experiment and had shorter constant-rate evaporation periods, suggesting hydrophobic material interrupts capillary action of water to the soil surface and reduces evaporation. Sand temperatures suggest more evaporation occurred near the test section inlet for higher saturations and the hydrophobic layer experienced more evaporation occur near the outlet. Evaporation fluxes were up to 12× higher than the vapor diffusion flux due to enhanced vapor diffusion and forced convection.