bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the moment arms of pelvic limb muscles in horses bred for acceleration (Quarter Horse) and endurance (Arab)
Authors: Crook T. C. , Cruickshank S. E. , McGowan C. M. , Stubbs N. , Wilson A. M. , Hodson‐Tole E. , Payne R. C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSelective breeding for performance has resulted in distinct breeds of horse, such as the Quarter Horse (bred for acceleration) and the Arab (bred for endurance). Rapid acceleration, seen during Quarter Horse racing, requires fast powerful muscular contraction and the generation of large joint torques, particularly by the hind limb muscles. This study compared hind limb moment arm lengths in the Quarter Horse and Arab. We hypothesized that Quarter Horse hind limb extensor muscles would have longer moment arms when compared to the Arab, conferring a greater potential for torque generation at the hip, stifle and tarsus during limb extension. Six Quarter Horse and six Arab hind limbs were dissected to determine muscle moment arm lengths for the following muscles: gluteus medius, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius (medialis and lateralis) and tibialis cranialis. The moment arms of biceps femoris (acting at the hip) and gastrocnemius lateralis (acting at the stifle) were significantly longer in the Quarter Horse, although the length of the remaining muscle moment arms were similar in both breeds of horse. All the Quarter Horse muscles were capable of generating greater muscle moments owing to their greater physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) and therefore greater isometric force potential, which suggests that PCSA is a better determinant of muscle torque than moment arm length in these two breeds of horse. With the exception of gastrocnemius and tibialis cranialis, the observed muscle fascicle length to moment arm ratio (MFL : MA ratio) was greater for the Arab horse muscles. It appears that the Arab muscles have the potential to operate at slower velocities of contraction and hence generate greater force outputs when compared to the Quarter Horse muscles working over a similar range of joint motion; this would indicate that Arab hind limb muscles are optimized to function at maximum economy rather than maximum power output.
Does prevention of intraperitoneal spillage when removing a dermoid cyst prevent granulomatous peritonitis?
Authors: Kondo W , Bourdel N , Cotte B , Tran X , Botchorishvili R , Jardon K , Rabischong B , Pouly JL , Mage G , Canis M 
Published: May 2010

Please cite this paper as: Kondo W, Bourdel N, Cotte B, Tran X, Botchorishvili R, Jardon K, Rabischong B, Pouly J, Mage G, Canis M. Does prevention of intraperitoneal spillage when removing a dermoid cyst prevent granulomatous peritonitis? BJOG 2010;117:1027–1030.In this retrospective study of 314 patients undergoing surgery for ovarian dermoid cysts, conducted over a 20‐year period, we evaluated the impact of the routine use of laparoscopic surgery without recourse to laparotomy to retrieve the specimen, using an endoscopic retrieval bag placed under the cyst to prevent intraperitoneal spillage of cyst contents, and subsequent postoperative granulomatous peritonitis. Accidental cyst rupture was more frequent when a total laparoscopic approach was used (26/174 or 15% versus 39/140 or 28%; P = 0.005), but there were no cases of intraperitoneal spillage when an endoscopic bag was used. Two cases of granulomatous peritonitis developed out of 26 women with intraperitoneal spillage of cyst contents (8%). We conclude that the risk of granulomatous peritonitis can be minimised by undertaking laparoscopic removal of dermoid cysts with the routine intraoperative use of an endoscopic retrieval bag to prevent intraperitoneal spillage of cyst contents.
Biogeochemical cycling and microbial diversity in the thrombolitic microbialites of Highborne Cay, Bahamas
Authors: MYSHRALL K. L. , MOBBERLEY J. M. , GREEN S. J. , VISSCHER P. T. , HAVEMANN S. A. , REID R. P. , FOSTER J. S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThrombolites are unlaminated carbonate build‐ups that are formed via the metabolic activities of complex microbial mat communities. The thrombolitic mats of Highborne Cay, Bahamas develop in close proximity (1–2 m) to accreting laminated stromatolites, providing an ideal opportunity for biogeochemical and molecular comparisons of these two distinctive microbialite ecosystems. In this study, we provide the first comprehensive characterization of the biogeochemical activities and microbial diversity of the Highborne Cay thrombolitic mats. Morphological and molecular analyses reveal two dominant mat types associated with the thrombolite deposits, both of which are dominated by bacteria from the taxa Cyanobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria. Diel cycling of dissolved oxygen (DO) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were measured in all thrombolitic mat types. DO production varied between thrombolitic types and one morphotype, referred to in this study as ‘button mats’, produced the highest levels among all mat types, including the adjacent stromatolites. Characterization of thrombolite bacterial communities revealed a high bacterial diversity, roughly equivalent to that of the nearby stromatolites, and a low eukaryotic diversity. Extensive phylogenetic overlap between thrombolitic and stromatolitic microbial communities was observed, although thrombolite‐specific cyanobacterial populations were detected. In particular, the button mats were dominated by a calcified, filamentous cyanobacterium identified via morphology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Dichothrix sp. The distinctive microbial communities and chemical cycling patterns within the thrombolitic mats provide novel insight into the biogeochemical processes related to the lithifying mats in this system, and provide data relevant to understanding microbially induced carbonate biomineralization.
Comparing muscle temperature during static and dynamic squatting with and without whole‐body vibration
Authors: Cochrane D.J. , Stannard S.R. , Firth E.C. , Rittweger J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of shallow dynamic squatting (DS) versus static squatting (SS) with or without concurrent side‐to‐side alternating whole‐body vibration (WBV) on vastus lateralis temperature and cardiovascular stress as indicated by heart rate (HR). Ten participants (five men, five women) participated in four interventions [DS with WBV (DS+), DS without WBV (DS−), SS with WBV (SS+), SS without WBV (SS−)] 48 h apart, in a randomized order. The interventions were preceded by a ∼20‐min rest period, consisted of 10 mins with or without WBV (26 or 0 Hz) with SS (40° of knee flexion) or DS (55° of knee flexion, at a cadence of 50 bpm) where SS+ and DS− were metabolically matched. Muscle (Tm), core (Tc), skin temperature (Tsk), HR and VO2 were recorded during each intervention. For Tm, there was a time (P<0·01) and WBV (P<0·01) effect but no squat effect was evident, and there was time ×WBV interaction effect (P<0·01). In all four interventions, the work load was too low to cause cardiovascular stress. Instead normal, moderate physiological effects of exercise on autonomic control were observed as indicated by HR; there were no significant increases in Tsk or Tc. There appears to be no benefit in performing an unloaded, shallow DS+ at a tempo of 50 bpm as Tm, HR, VO2 are likely to be increased by the same amount and rate without WBV. However, combining SS with WBV could be advantageous to rapidly increasing soft tissue temperature prior to performing rehabilitation exercises when dynamic exercise cannot be performed.
Non‐invasive measurement of cardiac output by Finometer in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Kaltoft N. , Hobolth L. , Møller S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe Finometer measures haemodynamic parameters including cardiac output (CO) using non‐invasive volume‐clamp techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the Finometer in hyperdynamic cirrhotic patients using an invasive indicator dilution technique as control. CO was measured in twenty‐three patients referred for invasive measurements of the hepatic venous pressure gradient on suspicion of cirrhosis. Invasive measurements of CO were performed using indicator dilution technique (COI) and simultaneous measurements of CO were recorded with the Finometer (COF). In six patients, measurements of CO were performed with invasive technique and the Finometer both before and after β‐blockade using 80 mg of propranolol and the changes in CO (ΔCOI and ΔCOF respectively) were calculated to evaluate the Finometers ability to detect relative changes in CO. Mean COI was 6·1 ± 1·6 [3·9;9·7] l min−1 (mean ± SD [range]) compared to mean COF of 7·2 ± 2·3 [3·1;11·9] l min−1. There was a mean difference between COF and COI of 1·0 ± 1·8 [−2·1;4·0] l min−1 and 95% confidence interval of [0·2;1·8], P<0·001. In patients with measurements before and after β‐blockade, mean ΔCOI was 1·6 ± 1·4 [−0·1;3·3] l min−1 compared to mean ΔCOF of 1·9 ± 1·3 [0·4;3·8] l min−1. Mean difference between ΔCOF and ΔCOI was 0·3 ± 0·3 [−0·2;0·7] l min−1 with a 95% confidence interval of [−0·1;0·6], P = 0·11. Compared with invasive measurements, the Finometer can be used to measure changes in CO, whereas absolute measurements are associated with higher variation in patients with cirrhosis. The Finometer seems useful for repeated determinations such as in studies of effect of pharmacotherapy.
Novel noninvasive identification of biomarkers by analytical profiling of chronic wounds using volatile organic compounds
Authors: Thomas Alexis N. , Riazanskaia Svetlana , Cheung William , Xu Yun , Goodacre Royston , Thomas C. L. Paul , Baguneid Mohamed S. , Bayat Ardeshir 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTA complex profile of volatile organic compounds (“VOC”s) emanates from human skin, which is altered by changes in the body's metabolic or hormonal state, the external environment, and the bacterial species colonizing the skin surface. The aim of this study was to compare VOC profiles sampled from chronic leg wounds with those from asymptomatic skin. Five participants with chronic arterial leg ulcers were selected. VOC samples were obtained using polydimethylsilicone membranes (“skin‐patch method”) and analyzed by gas chromatography‐ion trap mass spectrometry. Resultant data were analyzed using multivariate analysis and mass spectral matches were compared against the National Institute of Standards and Technology database. Principal component analysis showed differences in profiles obtained from healthy skin and boundary areas and between profiles from healthy skin and lesion samples (p<0.05). Partial least squares for discriminant analysis gave an average prediction accuracy of 73.3% (p<0.05). Mass spectral matching (verified against microbial swab results) identified unique VOCs associated with each sample area, wound bacterial colonization, and ingested medications. This study showcases a reproducible, robust, noninvasive methodology that is applicable in a clinical setting and may offer a new, hitherto unexplored, class of biochemical markers underpinning the metabolism of chronic wounds.
Clarithromycin‐induced hypomania in a child – a case report
Authors: Baranowski W. J. 
Published: May 2010

Baranowski WJ. Clarithromycin‐induced hypomania in a child – a case report.Objective:  We report here a child developing hypomania while treated with clarithromycin.Method:  Case report.Results:  A 3‐year‐old boy was treated for pneumonia with oral clarithromycin in monotherapy. The boy became somewhat hyperactive and irritable after the second dose. After the third dose he presented with psychomotor agitation, pressured speech, irritability, aggressive behaviour and insomnia. The antibiotic was identified as the only possible cause of the described clinical picture and was discontinued immediately. The hypomanic symptoms subsided gradually over 36 h.Conclusion:  Commonly‐used medications can produce uncommon adverse reactions. Clinicians, especially general practitioners, pediatricians, as well as child and adolescent psychiatrists ought to be aware of such a possibility when evaluating a child with suddenly changed behaviour.
Low‐temperature particulate calcium phosphates for bone regeneration
Authors: Araújo M. V. F. , Mendes V. C. , Chattopadhyay P. , Davies J. E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: Low‐temperature synthesized calcium phosphates are produced by mixing calcium phosphate powders in an aqueous solution resulting in a precipitated phase. These compounds can be formulated in several forms (e.g. injectable cements and implantable blocks), and are commonly used as bone substitutes and drug delivery systems for the treatment of bone defects. As bone substitutes, calcium phosphates in general offer the advantages of being biocompatible and osteoconductive.Aims: The present work employed a machine‐based process to derive a reproducible preparation method for low‐temperature calcium phosphate particulate (LTCP). The in vivo outcomes of LTCP were compared with those of three commercially available bone substitutes by histomorphometric measurements of bone formation and material degradation in a rat femur implantation model.Materials & Methods: Specifically, LTCP, anorganic bovine bone (AB), bioactive glass (BG), and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) were implanted in defects created in the distal aspect of rat femora. Reparative bone and particulate volumes of these biomaterials were evaluated post‐operatively using micro‐computed tomography and histological analyses at 3, 6, 12, and 16 weeks.Results & Discussion: Results showed that, despite invoking bone formation, AB, BG, and DBM were found un‐resorbed in situ at 16 weeks. Conversely, LTCP showed an early increase in bone formation as well as clear evidence of complete degradation and reparative bone remodelling, resulting in the total reconstitution of the marrow cavity and marrow tissue.Conclusion: LTCP promoted increased early bone formation, associated with an improved degradation rate, compared with the other three bone‐substitute biomaterials tested. To cite this article:
Araújo MVF, Mendes VC, Chattopadhyay P, Davies JE. Low‐temperature particulate calcium phosphates for bone regeneration. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 632–641.
Generalized eruptive xanthoma with prominent deposition of naked chylomicrons: evidence for chylomicrons as the origin of urate‐like crystals
Authors: Bito Toshinori , Kawakami Chika , Shimajiri Shouhei , Tokura Yoshiki 
Published: May 2010

Eruptive xanthoma is defined by the combination of its clinical and histopathological features. While a nodular dermal infiltrate rich in foamy macrophages and associated with extracellular lipid deposition is typical of eruptive xanthoma, some microscopical variability can be seen. Herein, we report an unusual case of eruptive xanthoma exhibiting triglyceride deposition in a peculiar configuration. A biopsy from a papular lesion showed prominent deposition of crystalline material, surrounded by many foamy histiocytes, in the upper and middle dermis. Such material has been previously termed ‘urate‐like crystals'. An immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies to lipoprotein suggested that the substance is composed of chylomicrons. This observation suggests that naked chylomicrons may be deposited in the dermis of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia.Bito T, Kawakami C, Shimajiri S, Tokura Y. Generalized eruptive xanthoma with prominent deposition of naked chylomicrons: evidence for chylomicrons as the origin of urate‐like crystals.
Developmental changes in cellular and extracellular structural macromolecules in the secondary palate and in the nasal cavity of the mouse
Authors: Vaziri Sani Forugh , Kaartinen Vesa , El Shahawy Maha , Linde Anders , Gritli‐Linde Amel 
Published: May 2010

Vaziri Sani F, Kaartinen V, El Shahawy M, Linde A, Gritli‐Linde A. Developmental changes in cellular and extracellular structural macromolecules in the secondary palate and nasal cavity of the mouse. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 221–236. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation© 2010 Eur J Oral SciThe aim of this study was to analyse the hitherto largely unknown expression patterns of some specific cellular and extracellular molecules during palate and nasal cavity development. We showed that epithelia of the developing palate and the vomerine epithelium express similar sets of structural proteins. With the exception of keratin 15, which becomes barely detectable in the elevated palatal shelves, nearly all of these proteins become upregulated at the presumptive areas of fusion and in the adhering epithelia of the palate and nasal septum. In vivo and in vitro analyses indicated that reduction in the amount of keratin 15 protein is independent of Tgfβ–Alk5 signalling. Foxa1 expression also highlighted the regionalization of the palatal and nasal epithelia. Owing to the lack of reliable markers of the palatal periderm, the fate of peridermal cells has been controversial. We identified LewisX/stage‐specific embryonic antigen‐1 as a specific peridermal marker, and showed that numerous peridermal cells remain trapped in the medial epithelial seam (MES). The fate of these cells is probably apoptosis together with the rest of the MES cells, as we provided strong evidence for this event. Heparan sulphate, chondroitin‐6‐sulphate, and versican displayed dynamically changing distribution patterns. The hitherto‐unknown innervation pattern of the developing palate was revealed. These findings may be of value for unravelling the pathogenesis of palatal clefting.
Possible predictors of discontinuation of specialized dental treatment among children and adolescents with dental behaviour management problems
Authors: Gustafsson Annika , Broberg Anders G. , Bodin Lennart , Berggren Ulf , Arnrup Kristina 
Published: May 2010

Gustafsson A, Broberg AG, Bodin L, Berggren U, Arnrup K. Possible predictors of discontinuation of specialized dental treatment among children and adolescents with dental behaviour management problems. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 270–277. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral SciThis study aimed to identify potential predictors of non‐attendance among children and adolescents with dental behaviour management problems (DBMP). A group of 179 patients, 7.5–19 yr of age, was grouped into 56 ‘non‐attenders’ (discontinued treatment, missed appointments, or ≥ 20% cancellations) and 123 ‘attenders’. In addition to data from an introductory interview and dental recordings, baseline data from psychometric measures of fear and other personal and parental characteristics were included in logistic regression analyses and tree‐based modelling. The non‐attenders had higher scores on impulsivity and sociability and lower socio‐economic status (SES) than the attenders, and they lived more often in single‐parent families. Logistic regression analyses and tree‐based modelling point to SES and parental anxiety as important predictors for non‐attendance within this group of children and adolescents. To predict, and possibly to prevent, non‐attendance among children and adolescents referred for specialized dental care because of DBMP, we must consider their lives and family situations as well as their personal characteristics and oral health status. Further research should focus on whether the observed associations between non‐attendance and factors such as personal characteristics, family and psychosocial factors, and previous dental experiences, also hold for those who remain in regular dental care.
The effect of ageing on the elastic modulus and degree of conversion of two multistep adhesive systems
Authors: Marchesi Giulio , Navarra Chiara O. , Cadenaro Milena , Carrilho Marcela R. , Codan Barbara , Sergo Valter , Di Lenarda Roberto , Breschi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2010

Marchesi G, Navarra CO, Cadenaro M, Carrilho MR, Codan B, Sergo V, Di Lenarda R, Breschi L. The effect of ageing on the elastic modulus and degree of conversion of two multistep adhesive systems. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 304–310. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci During the curing reaction, the monomers of dentine bonding systems should cross‐link sufficiently to strengthen an adhesive so that it is clinically reliable. This study evaluated how different storage conditions (air vs. water storage) affect the elastic modulus (E‐modulus) and degree of conversion (DC) of a three‐step etch‐and‐rinse adhesive and a two‐step self‐etch adhesive. The biaxial flexural test and Raman microscopy were performed on resin disks made from the bonding agents Adper Scotchbond Multi‐Purpose (SBMP; 3M ESPE) and Clearfil Protect Bond (CPB; Kuraray). The measurements were repeated after storage in either air or water for 15 and 30 min and for 1, 24, and 72 h. At time 0, the E‐modulus was not affected by the adhesive system, whilst the degree of cure of CPB was higher than that of SBMP. Air storage increased the E‐modulus at each ageing interval. Storage in water increased the E‐modulus until it reached a maximum at 24 h, after which it decreased significantly at 72 h. No linear correlation between the percentage DC and E‐modulus of the two adhesives was found when stored in water. The results of this study indicate that the mechanical properties and polymerization kinetics of SBMP and CPB are affected by storage time and medium.
Knowledge of emergency management of avulsed teeth: a survey of dentists in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhao Yanxiang , Gong Yi 
Published: May 2010

Abstract –  Objectives:  There is a high frequency of dental trauma cases in China, where tooth avulsion is one of the most serious scenarios. The knowledge of how to take care of an avulsion is of great importance to the outcome of such an injury. This knowledge among dentists in Beijing, China has never been tested before. The purpose of this study was to evaluate professional experience and knowledge of emergency management of dentists working in urban and suburban areas of Beijing, China.Material and Methods:  A two‐part questionnaire was distributed to 175 urban and 99 suburban dentists in Beijing. The first part contained personal and professional information of the participating dentists. The second part evaluated dentists’ knowledge about the emergency management of avulsed teeth. Data were entered into a SPSS database and analyzed using the chi‐square test and Fisher’s exact test for each question.Results:  All dentists had a college or above degree. Almost five times as many urban dentists compared to suburban dentists presented with a Master or PhD degree. The knowledge levels of the participants presenting with correct answer in the respective knowledge areas were; storage medium (15.8%) intra‐canal medication (45.0%), type of splint (45.1%) and splinting period (10.2%). Significantly more urban dentists (50.6%) compared to suburban dentists (34.8%) (P = 0.016), used calcium hydroxide paste as an intracanal medicament, and significantly more urban dentists (51.3%) than suburban dentists (34.1%) chosed a flexible splint (P = 0.008).Conclusion:  The results revealed an uneven pattern of knowledge between urban and suburban dentists regarding the emergency management of avulsed teeth. The study highlighted Chinese dentists’ need for continuing education in order to improve current knowledge in emergency management of avulsed teeth.