bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How CEUS improves gallbladder pathology evaluation. A comprehensive pictorial and review of the literature
Authors: Badea Alexandru Florin , Ciobanu Lidia 
Published: May 2024

Gallbaldder disorders represent a prevalent pathology encounterd in daily practice, both in emergency and ambulatory settings. Transabdominal ultrasound has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of gallstones and acute cholecystitis. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can depict and characterized the vascular pattern in cases of inflammatory or malignant processes. In an emergency situation such as acute cholecystitis in patients with comorbidities, CEUS can acurate identify a gangrenous cholecystitis; subsequently the medical management can rely on this technique. The differential diagnosis of benign vs malignant pathology, in cases of segmental or diffuse wall thickening, can also benefit from CEUS. In this paper we aimed to discuss and to illustrate the role of CEUS in gallbladder pathology.
Distinguishing Passive and Active Standing Behaviors From Accelerometry
Authors: Kowalsky Robert J. , van Werkhoven Herman , Meucci Marco , Quinn Tyler D. , Stoner Lee , Hearon Christopher M. , Barone Gibbs Bethany 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: To investigate whether active standing can be identified separately from passive standing via accelerometry data and to develop and test the accuracy of a machine-learning model to classify active and passive standing. Methods: Ten participants wore a thigh-mounted activPAL monitor and stood for three 5-min periods in the following order: (a) PASSIVE: standing with no movement; (b) ACTIVE: five structured weight-shifting micromovements in the medial–lateral, superior–inferior, and anterior–poster planes while standing; and (c) FREE: participant’s choice of active standing. Averages of absolute resultant acceleration values in 15-s epochs were compared via analysis of variance (Bonferroni adjustment for pairwise comparisons) to confirm the dichotomization ability of the standing behaviors. Absolute resultant acceleration values and SDs in 2- and 5-s epochs were used to develop a machine-learning model using leave-one-subject-out cross validation. The final accuracy of the model was assessed using the area under the curve from a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: Comparison of resultant accelerations across the three conditions (PASSIVE, ACTIVE, and FREE) resulted in a significant omnibus difference, F(2, 19) = [116], p < .001, η2 = .86, and in all pairwise post hoc comparisons (all p < .001). The machine-learning model using 5-s epochs resulted in 94% accuracy for the classification of PASSIVE versus ACTIVE standing. Model application to the FREE data resulted in an absolute average difference of 4.8% versus direct observation and an area under the curve value of 0.71. Conclusions: Active standing in three planes of movement can be identified from thigh-worn accelerometry via a machine-learning model, yet model refinement is warranted.
Geological fingerprints of deep slow earthquakes: A review of field constraints and directions for future research
Authors: Platt John P. , Grujic Djordje , Phillips Noah J. , Piazolo Sandra , Schmidt David A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Slow earthquakes, including low-frequency earthquakes, tremor, and geodetically detected slow-slip events, have been widely detected, most commonly at depths of 40–60 km in active subduction zones around the Pacific Ocean Basin. Rocks exhumed from these depths allow us to search for structures that may initiate slow earthquakes. The evidence for high pore-fluid pressures in subduction zones suggests that they may be associated with hydraulic fractures (e.g., veins) and with metamorphic reactions that release or consume water. Loss of continuity and resulting slip at rates exceeding 10−4 m s–1 are required to produce the quasi-seismic signature of low-frequency earthquakes, but the subseismic displacement rates require that the slip rate is slowed by a viscous process, such as low permeability, limiting the rate at which fluid can access a propagating fracture. Displacements during individual low-frequency earthquakes are unlikely to exceed 1 mm, but they need to be more than 0.1 mm and act over an area of ~105 m2 to produce a detectable effective seismic moment. This limits candidate structures to those that have lateral dimensions of ~300 m and move in increments of &lt;1 mm. Possible candidates include arrays of sheeted shear veins showing crack-seal structures; dilational arcs in microfold hinges that form crenulation cleavages; brittle-ductile shear zones in which the viscous component of deformation can limit the displacement rate during slow-slip events; slip surfaces coated with materials, such as chlorite or serpentine, that exhibit a transition from velocity-weakening to velocity-strengthening behavior with increasing slip velocity; and block-in-matrix mélanges.
Preferences of people with chronic kidney disease regarding digital health interventions that promote healthy lifestyle: qualitative systematic review with meta-ethnography
Authors: Trần Thái Bình , Ambrens Meghan , Nguyễn Jennifer , Coleman Eve , Gilanyi Yannick , Letton Meg , Pandit Anurag , Lock Logan , Thom Jeanette M , Sen Shaundeep , Lambert Kelly , Arnold Ria 
Published: May 2024

ObjectivesDiet and physical activity are crucial for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to maintain good health. Digital health interventions can increase access to lifestyle services. However, consumers’ perspectives are unclear, which may reduce the capacity to develop interventions that align with specific needs and preferences. Therefore, this review aims to synthesise the preferences of people with CKD regarding digital health interventions that promote healthy lifestyle.DesignQualitative systematic review with meta-ethnography.Data sourcesDatabases Scopus, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched between 2000 and 2023.Eligibility criteriaPrimary research papers that used qualitative exploration methods to explore the preferences of adults with CKD (≥18 years) regarding digital health interventions that promoted diet, physical activity or a combination of these health behaviours.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened title, abstract and full text. Discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Consumers’ quotes were extracted verbatim and synthesised into higher-order themes and subthemes.ResultsDatabase search yielded 5761 records. One record was identified following communication with a primary author. 15 papers were included. These papers comprised 197 consumers (mean age 51.0±7.2), including 83 people with CKD 1–5; 61 kidney transplant recipients; 53 people on dialysis. Sex was reported in 182 people, including 53% male. Five themes were generated regarding consumers’ preferences for digital lifestyle interventions. These included simple instruction and engaging design; individualised interventions; virtual communities of care; education and action plans; and timely reminders and automated behavioural monitoring.ConclusionDigital health interventions were considered an important mechanism to access lifestyle services. Consumers’ preferences are important to ensure future interventions are tailored to specific needs and goals. Future research may consider applying the conceptual framework of consumers’ preferences in this review to develop and evaluate the effect of a digital lifestyle intervention on health outcomes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023411511.
Assessing anxiety symptoms and Traumatic Event Scale scores among medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia: a descriptive cohort study in Bogotá
Authors: Camacho-Cruz Jhon , Torres Ayala Sara Marcela , Cárdenas Rojas Susan Tatiana , Pérez Carolina Alexandra Zambrano , Vásquez-Hoyos Pablo , Atuesta-Fajardo Juanita Yolanda , Villamizar-Gómez Licet 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to assess anxiety and suffering symptoms amid the pandemic, determine factors linked to physicians’ anxiety with COVID-19 patients and describe symptom progression in the initial year of follow-up.MethodsDescriptive cohort study involving general practitioners, specialists and interns in the city of Bogotá. The Zung Anxiety Scale and the Traumatic Event Scale (TES) were employed and completed four times during the pandemic. A sample of 558 participants was taken. Physicians with prior diagnoses of psychiatric disorders were excluded. Bivariate tests and a logistic regression model were used.ResultsSome 7.3% of respondents had anxiety symptoms during the first survey (29/397 physicians) with a clinically significant impact of the traumatic event on 279 of the 397 (70%). Female gender (p=0.04), comorbidities (p=0.01), use of surgical gown (protective, p=0.01), perception of negative thoughts on the part of society (p=0.05), thoughts of wanting to give up or death (p<0.001) and presenting some clinical level of traumatic event impact (p<0.001) were associated with these anxiety symptoms. The multivariate model associated thoughts of quitting (OR 4.55; 95% CI 1.8 to 11.6) and the clinically significant level of TES (OR 7.8; 95% CI 1.0 to 62.5) with anxiety symptoms and the use of a surgical gown as a personal protection element (OR 0.222; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.73; p=0.009) with the protective factor.ConclusionsThe pandemic significantly impacted Bogota physicians, with around 7.3% of exhibiting anxiety symptoms during the initial assessment. This traumatic experience had a clinically significant effect on 70% of respondents. Over time, anxiety symptoms diminished. Addressing post-traumatic stress phenomena is crucial in similar scenarios to alleviate the impact on healthcare personnel’s anxiety.
Health promoting palliative care interventions in African low-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Plaisance Ariane , Hyland-Carignan Carol-Anne , Tapp Diane , Ouedraogo Samiratou , Gali-Gali Idriss Ali , Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundPalliative care (PC) has advanced rapidly since 2005, when the World Health Assembly posited it as an urgent humanitarian need. Over the same period, the principles of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion have been promoted to implement sustainable PC. It is not known whether the Ottawa Charter principles have been integrated into existing PC efforts in low-income African countries. The purpose of this scoping review is to determine the state of knowledge on the consequences of health promoting PC (HPPC) interventions in African low-income countries.MethodsWe searched for literature published in English, French and Spanish between 2005 and 2022 in CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO. The inclusion criteria for studies were (1) conducted in African low-income countries and (2) evaluated the consequences of an HPPC intervention. Using Covidence, two reviewers independently carried out a two-step review process (title/abstract and full text) and data extraction.FindingsA total of 2259 articles were screened and 12 were included. Of the 22 low-income countries in Africa, 3 countries—Malawi, Uganda and Rwanda—were represented in the selected studies. The majority of studies were cross-sectional, had limited numbers of participants and were conducted in English-speaking countries. We found that volunteers and caregivers played a key role in HPPC. Interventions sought to strengthen community action by reinforcing the skills and knowledge of community health workers (usually unpaid volunteers). Only two studies were related to building health promoting policy. Changes in professional education, training and culture were addressed in a few studies.ConclusionThere is a need to increase the capacity of low-income African countries, especially French-speaking countries, to sustain HPPC interventions and to conduct and publish research on this topic. Decision-makers looking to implement HPPC measures in Africa or elsewhere may find the practical outcomes of this review helpful.
Photons in the proton: implications for the LHC
Authors:   NNPDF Collaboration, Ball Richard D. , Barontini Andrea , Candido Alessandro , Carrazza Stefano , Cruz-Martinez Juan , Del Debbio Luigi , Forte Stefano , Giani Tommaso , Hekhorn Felix , Kassabov Zahari , Laurenti Niccolò , Magni Giacomo , Nocera Emanuele R. , Rabemananjara Tanjona R. , Rojo Juan , Schwan Christopher , Stegeman Roy , Ubiali Maria 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe construct a set of parton distribution functions (PDFs), based on the recent NNPDF4.0 PDF set, that also include a photon PDF. The photon PDF is constructed using the LuxQED formalism, while QED evolution accounting for $${\mathcal {O}}\left( \alpha \right) $$

O

α

, $${\mathcal {O}}\left( \alpha \alpha _s\right) $$

O

α

α
s

, and $${\mathcal {O}}\left( \alpha ^2\right) $$

O

α
2

corrections is implemented and benchmarked by means of the EKO code. We investigate the impact of QED effects on NNPDF4.0, and compare our results both to our previous NNPDF3.1QED PDF set and to other recent PDF sets that include the photon. We assess the impact of photon-initiated processes and electroweak corrections on a variety of representative LHC processes, and find that they can reach the 5% level in vector boson pair production at large invariant mass.
Gravitational decoupled interior solutions from Kohler–Chao–Tikekar cosmological model
Authors: Andrade J. , Oswaldo-Villacrés  , Carrera S. , Santana D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper is devoted to obtaining and studying two interior exact solutions of Einstein’s Field Equations (EFE) for spherical geometry in the context of gravitational decoupling (GD) through minimal geomentric deformation (MGD). We take the well-known Kohler–Chao–Tikekar cosmological solution as a seed in the framework of GD to first obtain an isotropic solution, which is decoupled again in order to obtain a second stellar anisotropic solution. Both resulting models turn out to be physically viable stellar models. Their stability is also being studied.
Joshi–Malafarina–Narayan singularity in weak magnetic field
Authors: Azreg-Aïnou Mustapha , Acharya Kauntey , Joshi Pankaj S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe importance and significance of magnetic fields in the astrophysical scenario is well known. Many domains of astrophysical black hole physics such as polarized shadow image, high energy emitting processes and jet formation are dependent on the behavior of the magnetic fields in the vicinity of the compact objects. In light of this, we determine the master equation and master differential equation that determine the spatial behavior of the magnetic field inside a matter distribution or vacuum region, of general spherically symmetric metric, which is immersed in a test magnetic field. We also investigate here the case of JMN-1 singularity immersed in a uniform weak magnetic field and determine the behavior of magnetic fields by defining electromagnetic four potential vector. We find that the tangential component of the magnetic field is discontinuous at the matching surface of the JMN-1 singularity with the external Schwarzschild metric, resulting in surface currents. We define the covariant expression of surface current density in this scenario. We also analyze the behavior of center-of-mass energy of two oppositely charged particles in the geometry of the magnetized JMN-1 singularity. We briefly discuss the possible scenarios which would possess a discontinuous magnetic field and implications of the same and future possibilities in the realm of astrophysics are indicated.
Novel PEO-based Solid Polymer Electrolyte with High Elasticity and High Ionic Conductivity for Room Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Shuang , Zhang Yu-Hang , Hu Xue-Tong , Wang Guan-Hua , Lu Kun-Rong , Jiang Xin , Fan Yi-Wei , Chen Ting-Ting , Wang Peng-Fei , Wu Yuhan , Shi Fa-Nian 
Published: May 2024

The development and application of polyethylene oxide (PEO) based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) is severely constrained by its low ionic conductivity and poor tensile resistance. To improve the electrochemical performance of SPE without losing its mechanical properties, a benzene sulfonate-based additive is adopted into crosslinking system composed of -CH2-CH2-O- segments to obtain a membrane with a high ionic conductivity of 1.47 × 10−4 S cm−1 and an ionic transference number of 0.70 at room temperature. The activation energy value of 0.128 eV gives evidence for a favorable migration mechanism of PTH-SPE. Anti-dendrite growth and contact optimization can be realized by molecular structure design with a tensile elongation of 490%. The reversible overpotential of Li||Li symmetric cell within 1000 h demonstrates that the compact PTH-SPE can inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite. This work provides a new strategy for designing high-performance solid electrolytes for room temperature via a green solvent-free method.
Emergence and Criticality in Spatiotemporal Synchronization: The Complementarity Model
Authors: Scirè Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work concerns the long-term collective excitability properties and the statistical analysis of the critical events displayed by a recently introduced spatiotemporal many-body model, proposed as a new paradigm for Artificial Life. Numerical simulations show that excitable collective structures emerge in the form of dynamic networks, created by bursts of spatiotemporal activity (avalanches) at the edge of a synchronization phase transition. The spatiotemporal dynamics is portraited by a movie and quantified by time varying collective parameters, showing that the dynamic networks undergo a “life cycle,” made of self-creation, homeostasis, and self-destruction. The power spectra of the collective parameters show 1/f power law tails. The statistical properties of the avalanches, evaluated in terms of size and duration, show power laws with characteristic exponents in agreement with those values experimentally found in the neural networks literature. The mechanism underlying avalanches is argued in terms of local-to-collective excitability. The connections that link the present work to self-organized criticality, neural networks, and Artificial Life are discussed.
Rapid dynamics of electrophysiological connectome states are heritable
Authors: Jun Suhnyoung , Alderson Thomas H. , Malone Stephen M. , Harper Jeremy , Hunt Ruskin H. , Thomas Kathleen M. , Iacono William G. , Wilson Sylia , Sadaghiani Sepideh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Time-varying changes in whole-brain connectivity patterns, or connectome state dynamics, are a prominent feature of brain activity with broad functional implications. While infraslow (&lt;0.1 Hz) connectome dynamics have been extensively studied with fMRI, rapid dynamics highly relevant for cognition are poorly understood. Here, we asked whether rapid electrophysiological connectome dynamics constitute subject-specific brain traits and to what extent they are under genetic influence. Using source-localized EEG connectomes during resting state (N = 928, 473 females), we quantified the heritability of multivariate (multistate) features describing temporal or spatial characteristics of connectome dynamics. States switched rapidly every ∼60–500 ms. Temporal features were heritable, particularly Fractional Occupancy (in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands) and Transition Probability (in theta, alpha, and gamma bands), representing the duration spent in each state and the frequency of state switches, respectively. Genetic effects explained a substantial proportion of the phenotypic variance of these features: Fractional Occupancy in beta (44.3%) and gamma (39.8%) bands and Transition Probability in theta (38.4%), alpha (63.3%), beta (22.6%), and gamma (40%) bands. However, we found no evidence for the heritability of dynamic spatial features, specifically states’ Modularity and connectivity pattern. We conclude that genetic effects shape individuals’ connectome dynamics at rapid timescales, specifically states’ overall occurrence and sequencing.
Food Preparation and Cookbooks as a Medium of Everyday Contact between Jews and Christians in the Habsburg Monarchy and Imperial Germany
Authors: Niedhammer Martina 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the early nineteenth century, Jewish cookbooks appeared on the Central European book market for the first time. So far, these manuals have been studied primarily from the perspective of the preservation of Jewish identity, that is, as a marker of the extent to which kashrut could be preserved in the face of increasing acculturation to non-Jewish society. Little attention was paid to aspects of transfer or entanglement between Jewish and non-Jewish foodways despite the central role of food in everyday life. In my paper, I try to map possible encounters between Jews and Christians in the area of food preparation and eating outside one’s home before analyzing several Jewish and general cookbooks appearing in the Habsburg Monarchy and Imperial Germany. The fact that also non-Jewish cooking manuals integrated dishes perceived as Jewish indicates mutual influence and makes it evident that there was more Christian interest in Jewish foodways than assumed.
The Mediating Effect of Professional Values on the Relationship Between Self-Leadership and Compassion Competence of Community Mental Health Nurses
Authors: Kim Hye Young , Jun Won Hee 
Published: May 2024

Background: Compassion competence is a core nursing skill that is significant in understanding and alleviating the physical and mental distress of individuals. Self-leadership and nursing professional values are also reported as important factors in improving the clinical care practices of nurses and may have a positive effect on improving the compassion competence of nurses. However, there are few studies examining the relationship between these variables in community mental health nurses. Aim: This study investigated the mediating effect of professional values on the relationship between self-leadership and compassion competence of community mental health nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted with 121 community mental health nurses from 30 mental health welfare centers in South Korea. Participants completed self-report scales on self-leadership, nursing professional values, and compassion competence. Baron and Kenny’s regression method and the Sobel test revealed significant mediating effects of nursing professional values on the relationship between self-leadership and compassion competence. Findings: Participants’ mean compassion competence scores were 3.57 (SD = 0.45) on a 5-point scale. Compassion competence positively correlated with self-leadership ( r = 0.67, P < .001) and nursing professional values ( r = 0.60, P < .001). Nursing professional values played a partial mediating role in the relationship between self-leadership and compassion competence ( Z = 3.23, P = .001). Conclusion: Compassion competence of community mental health nurses can be improved by promoting self-leadership and nursing professional values.