bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignant Melanoma of the Skin: Long‐term Follow‐up and Time to First Recurrence
Authors: Hohnheiser Annika M. , Gefeller Olaf , Göhl Jonas , Schuler Gerold , Hohenberger Werner , Merkel Susanne 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundSurgical excision can cure most patients with malignant melanoma of the skin. However, the risk of recurrence remains for years. The aim of our study was to identify factors that influence time to recurrence and survival after the first recurrence with a special interest in late recurrences.MethodsData from 2487 patients with malignant melanoma and primary treatment between 1978 and 1997 at the Department of Surgery or the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany, were prospectively collected in the Melanoma Registry of the University Hospital Erlangen. After a median follow‐up period of 13 years, overall survival, the time to first recurrence and survival after the first relapse were examined in univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOverall survival was found to be significantly worse in older patients, men, melanoma of the head or trunk, and melanoma with high pT and pN categories. In 523 patients, relapse from malignant melanoma was observed after a median of 24 months. Among patients with recurrences, young age and low pT and pN categories proved to be independent factors that prolonged the disease‐free interval. Advanced age at the time of the recurrence diagnosis, male sex, high pN category, and distant metastases as the first manifestation of recurrence were associated with a poor prognosis after the first recurrence.ConclusionsAlthough thin lesions have a favorable prognosis, among a cohort with recurrences they showed a relatively high rate of late recurrences. These late recurrences have an extremely poor prognosis when they present with distant metastases.
Estimation of energy expenditure using accelerometers and activity-based energy models—validation of a new device
Authors: Härtel Sascha , Gnam Jens-Peter , Löffler Simone , Bös Klaus 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Over the last few years, the estimation of energy expenditure with accelerometers has become more and more accurate due to improvements in sensor technology. Significant enhancement could be reached by model-based estimation regarding different activity types. The kmsMove-sensor (movisens GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany) is a device that is used to compute human energy expenditure using motion-dependent calculation models. It is outfitted with an accelerometer to measure body acceleration during certain movements and activities. To validate its accuracy, the sensor was compared to indirect calorimetry as criterion measure. For this experiment, nine subjects (all males, age 46.4 ± 10.9 years, 28–64 years) were equipped with the kmsMove-sensor as well as a portable indirect calorimeter and their energy consumption was measured over a time period of 100 min. Additionally, the energy consumption of seven out of the above-mentioned nine subjects was measured over an average of 7 h. The measurements took place in a rehabilitation clinic, where the subjects completed their regular daily rehabilitation activities. An analysis of the data revealed ICCs between the kmsMove-sensor and indirect calorimetry for the time period of 100 min of 0.82 (0.38–0.96; p = 0.003) and for an averaged measuring time of 7 h of 0.81 (0.22–0.97; p = 0.01). Furthermore, a Bland–Altman analysis for the time period of 100 min led to a difference of the means of 4.3 kcal (limits of agreement: −94.3 and 102.9 kcal) and for the time period of an average of 7 h to −14.0 kcal (limits of agreement: −320.0 and 292.0 kcal). These findings indicate that the kmsMove-sensor is an appropriate measuring device with relatively good accuracy to assess human energy expenditure in rehabilitation patients. However, this study has some limiting aspects (small sample size, artificial setting) which could influence validity.
CT findings of misleading features of colonic diverticulitis
Authors: Ben Yaacoub Ismahen , Boulay-Coletta Isabelle , Jullès Marie Christine , Zins Marc 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Colonic diverticulitis (CD) is a common entity whose diagnosis is particularly based on computed tomography (CT) examination, which is the imaging technique of choice. However, unusual CT findings of CD may lead to several difficulties and potential pitfalls: due to technical errors in the management of the CT examination, due to the anatomical situation of the diseased colon, in diagnosing unusual complications that may concern the gastrointestinal tract, intra- and retroperitoneal viscera or the abdominal wall, and in differentiating CD from other abdominal inflammatory and infectious conditions or colonic cancer. The aim of this work is to delineate the pitfalls of CT imaging and illustrate misleading CT features in patients with suspected CD.
The influence of creatine supplementation on the cognitive functioning of vegetarians and omnivores
Authors: Benton David , Donohoe Rachel 
Published: December 2010

Creatine when combined with P forms phosphocreatine that acts as a reserve of high-energy phosphate. Creatine is found mostly in meat, fish and other animal products, and the levels of muscle creatine are known to be lower in vegetarians. Creatine supplementation influences brain functioning as indicated by imaging studies and the measurement of oxygenated Hb. Given the key role played by creatine in the provision of energy, the influence of its supplementation on cognitive functioning was examined, contrasting the effect in omnivores and vegetarians. Young adult females (n 128) were separated into those who were and were not vegetarian. Randomly and under a double-blind procedure, subjects consumed either a placebo or 20 g of creatine supplement for 5 d. Creatine supplementation did not influence measures of verbal fluency and vigilance. However, in vegetarians rather than in those who consume meat, creatine supplementation resulted in better memory. Irrespective of dietary style, the supplementation of creatine decreased the variability in the responses to a choice reaction-time task.
Soya protein ameliorates the metabolic abnormalities of dysfunctional adipose tissue of dyslipidaemic rats fed a sucrose-rich diet
Authors: Oliva María E. , Selenscig Dante , D'Alessandro María E. , Chicco Adriana , Lombardo Yolanda B. 
Published: December 2010

The present study investigates whether the replacement of dietary casein by soya protein isolate could be able to improve and/or even revert the morphological and metabolic abnormalities underlying the adipose tissue dysfunction of dyslipidaemic rats chronically fed (8 months) a sucrose-rich (62·5 %) diet (SRD). For this purpose, Wistar rats were fed a SRD for 4 months. From months 4 to 8, half the animals continued with the SRD and the other half were fed a SRD in which the source of protein, casein, was substituted by soya. The control group received a diet in which the source of carbohydrate was maize starch. Compared with the SRD-fed group, the results showed that: (1) soya protein decreased body-weight gain, limited the accretion of visceral adiposity and decreased adipose tissue cell volume without changes in total cell number; (2) soya protein increased the protein mass expression of PPARγ, which was significantly reduced in the fat pad of the SRD-fed rats; (3) the activity of the enzymes involved in the de novo lipogenesis of adipose tissue was significantly decreased/normalised; (4) soya protein corrected the inhibitory effect of SRD upon the anti-lipolytic action of insulin, reduced basal lipolysis and normalised the protein mass expression of GLUT-4. Dyslipidaemia, glucose homeostasis and plasma leptin levels returned to control values. The present study provides data showing the beneficial effects of soya protein to improve and/or revert the adipose tissue dysfunction of a dyslipidaemic insulin-resistant rat model and suggests that soya could maintain the functionality of the adipose tissue–liver axis improving/reverting lipotoxicity.
State-Led Agricultural Intensification and Rural Labour Relations: The Case of the Lilongwe Land Development Programme in Malawi, 1968–1981
Authors: Green Erik 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThis article deals with cash crop production and its impact on labour relations in postcolonial African peasant agriculture. The focus is on the Lilongwe Land Development Programme (1968–1981) in Malawi. The aim of the programme was to enable African farmers to increase yields and make them shift from the cultivation of tobacco and local maize to groundnuts and high-yielding varieties of maize. The programme failed to meet its goals, because of contradictory forces set in motion by the programme itself. The LLDP enabled a larger segment of farmers to engage in commercial agriculture, which caused a decline in supplies of local labourers ready to be employed on a casual or permanent basis. Increased commercial production was thus accompanied by a de-commercialization of labour relations, which hampered the scope for better-off farmers to increase yields by employing additional labourers. By using both written and oral sources, this article thus provides an empirical case that questions the conventional view that increased cash-crop production in twentieth-century rural Africa was accompanied by a commercialization of labour relations. It concludes that the history of rural labour relations cannot be grasped by simple linear models of historical change, but requires an understanding of local contexts, with a focus on farming systems and factors that determine the local supply of and demand for labour.
Fordism and Unfree Labour: Aspects of the Work Deployment of Concentration Camp Prisoners in German Industry between 1941 and 1944
Authors: Hachtmann Rüdiger 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThis article examines the relationship between Fordism and unfree labour in Nazi Germany. Fordism is understood here as a form of workplace rationalization (especially assembly-line production), but also as a “technology of domination” and an “exploitation innovation”. In contrast to the Weimar Republic, Fordism was established in broad sectors of German industry under Nazi rule in the form of “war Fordism”. In order to examine the connections between the specific historical variants of these two apparently contradictory production regimes – Fordism and forced labour – the article focuses on the “labour deployment” of the most severely terrorized and brutalized group of labourers in Nazi Germany: concentration camp prisoners. Surveying the existing literature, it explores the compatibilities and tensions between Fordism and the deployments of concentration camp prisoners in German industry. In closing, several theses are presented on how Fordism between 1941 and 1944 can be classified within an entire history of Fordism in Germany.
“Pumpkins Just Got in There”: Gender and Generational Conflict and “Improved” Agriculture in Colonial Zimbabwe
Authors: Thompson Guy 
Published: December 2010

SummaryThis essay explores how gender and generational dynamics in peasant communities in colonial Zimbabwe were reshaped between 1930 and 1965 by factors introduced by colonization. British rule brought dramatically greater market opportunities and access to new agricultural tools. Some peasants readily adopted ploughs, combining these new tools with indigenous methods of production and environmental management to increase output and market sales while developing new hybrid ways of working the land. These options allowed some young men to evade the demands of, and obligations to, their fathers, while the new methods often increased women’s workloads, exacerbating gender tensions. In the wake of World War II, Rhodesian state agricultural programmes sought to reshape African farming practices dramatically, initiatives that were justified as protecting the environment and modernizing the peasant sector. These measures permanently allocated and demarcated peasant land, imposed onerous environmental protection measures, and encouraged peasants to follow labour-intensive production methods based on European techniques. These conditions restricted young men’s access to land and imposed intense demands on women of all ages; in practice, however, these changes led to a renegotiation of gender and generational dynamics, most obviously in a wave of protests that threatened state control of the countryside.
Seeking Redress in the Courts: Indigenous Land Rights and Judicial Decisions in Malaysia
Authors: AIKEN S. ROBERT , LEIGH COLIN H. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMalaysia's indigenous peoples continue to suffer numerous grievous injustices, including appropriation of their ancestral lands and socio-economic deprivation. In large part because their voices of resistance to development policies have gone unheard by the authorities, a growing number of individuals and communities have taken their grievances to the nation's courts. In particular, they have pleaded for judicial intervention to address alleged breaches of statutory land and other rights by governments and their contractors, and for recognition of native title at common law. In the landmark 1996Adongcase, the High Court ruled that Malaysian jurisprudence recognizes native title, thus bringing Malaysia into line with a number of other countries that share an English-derived legal system. The concept has been upheld in subsequent High Court, Court of Appeal, and Federal Court judgments. In spite of the rulings in favour of indigenous parties, the federal government, along with certain of the state governments, has continued to adopt an adversarial approach to indigenous land issues. An encouraging development is the reported willingness of governments in Perak and Selangor to tackle indigenous land rights issues through mediation rather than litigation. This paper summarizes seven court cases concerning alleged breaches of statutory rights and four cases dealing with native title at common law; it also looks at certain issues arising from the cases, as well as the responses of communities and governments to the various court judgments.
Genome sequences reveal divergence times of malaria parasite lineages
Authors: SILVA JOANA C. , EGAN AMY , FRIEDMAN ROBERT , MUNRO JAMES B. , CARLTON JANE M. , HUGHES AUSTIN L. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYObjectiveThe evolutionary history of human malaria parasites (genusPlasmodium) has long been a subject of speculation and controversy. The complete genome sequences of the two most widespread human malaria parasites,P. falciparumandP. vivax, and of the monkey parasiteP. knowlesiare now available, together with the draft genomes of the chimpanzee parasiteP. reichenowi, three rodent parasites,P. yoelii yoelli, P. bergheiandP. chabaudi chabaudi, and one avian parasite,P. gallinaceum.MethodsWe present here an analysis of 45 orthologous gene sequences across the eight species that resolves the relationships of majorPlasmodiumlineages, and provides the first comprehensive dating of the age of those groups.ResultsOur analyses support the hypothesis that the last common ancestor ofP. falciparumand the chimpanzee parasiteP. reichenowioccurred around the time of the human-chimpanzee divergence.P. falciparuminfections of African apes are most likely derived from humans and not the other way around. On the other hand,P. vivax, split from the monkey parasiteP. knowlesiin the much more distant past, during the time that encompasses the separation of the Great Apes and Old World Monkeys.ConclusionThe results support an ancient association between malaria parasites and their primate hosts, including humans.
Selfishness and sex or cooperation and family values?
Authors: Ackerman Joshua M. , Kenrick Douglas T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractEvolutionary models of behavior often encounter resistance due to an apparent focus on themes of sex, selfishness, and gender differences. The target article might seem ripe for such criticism. However, life history theory suggests that these themes, and their counterparts, including cooperation, generosity, and gender similarities, represent two sides of the same coin – all are consequences of reproductive trade-offs made throughout development.
Lorna Berman and Irina Sobkowska-Ashcroft. Images and Impressions of Old Age in the Great Works of Western Literature (700 B.C.-1900 A.D.). Lewiston, New York 14092: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1987, pp. 399, U.S. $69.95.
Authors: Manning Gerald F. 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉCe condensé analytique résume les traits de caractère et les attitudes associés au vieillissement et tels que dépeints dans les plus illustres ouvrages de la littérature occidentale, à partir du tout début des temps jusqu'au terme du 19e siècle. Les titres sont catalogués alphabétiquement suivant les noms d'auteurs et chaque entrée contient quelques notes biographiques sur celui-ci et une synthèse de ses travaux. De plus, chaque texte contient un résumé décrivant le rôle des personnes âgées tel qu'interprété dans l'ouvrage. Des index placès au début du condensé permettent au lecteur de vérifier la fréquence avec laquelle certains traits de caractère reviennent, les différentes attitudes des auteurs, et le nombre et le genre de travaux qui touchent le troisième âge, de siècle en siècle et d'un bout à l'autre du monde.
Ralph W. Sutherland and M. Jane Fulton. Health Care in Canada: A Description and Analysis of Canadian Health Services. Ottawa: The Health Group, 1988.
Authors: Aronson Jane 
Published: December 2010

RÉSUMÉSutherland et Fulton ont recueilli une abondance de données sur l'organisation complexe des services de santé au Canada. Ils présentent une vue d'ensemble qui intéressera les étudiants en médecine et en administration médicale, mais leur présentation repose sur une collection de matériel descriptif fragmenté, des opinions personnelles et des valeurs. Les auteurs mentionnent les séjours à long terme et les soins communautaires – deux sujets qui touchent de près les personnes âgées – mais ils mettent l'accent sur le fait que les dépenses publiques doivent être contrôlées et ils n'examinent pas le coût dissimulé des soins informels. En discutant des obstacles à leur notion de bons soins à la santé, les auteurs s'avèrent solidement en faveur d'un changement. Cette prise de position toutefois n'est pas accompagnée d'une appréciation du contexte social plus vaste et des intérêts politiques rivalisants qui contribuent au processus d'allocation des ressources, et des expériences de groupes, comme celui des personnes âgées qui présentent des problèmes de santé bien particuliers.
Gut contents and stable isotope analyses of the Antarctic fish, Notothenia coriiceps (Richardson), from two macroalgal communities
Authors: Zamzow Jill P. , Aumack Craig F. , Amsler Charles D. , McClintock James B. , Amsler Margaret O. , Baker Bill J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractGut contents studies have shown that Notothenia coriiceps, a prevalent shallow water fish species along the western Antarctic Peninsula, has a highly variable diet. This variability, coupled with small home ranges, suggest that microhabitat may play a role in determining the chief prey items of N. coriiceps. We trapped fish from three sites comprised of two different algal microhabitats around Palmer Station, Antarctica and investigated their diets via gut contents and stable isotope analyses. Gut contents analysis revealed that amphipods were the primary prey item at all three sites, but the distribution of amphipod species eaten varied between sites. Other important prey classes were snails, limpets, algae and fish. Overall, the gut content data suggested that algal microhabitat was less important than geographic location in determining diet. On the other hand, stable isotope analysis indicated that fish from the Palmaria decipiens site were more enriched in both carbon and nitrogen than fish from Desmarestia menziesii sites. Hence, it would appear that in the longer term, algal microhabitat may influence fish diets and trophic relationships.
MRI Estimation of Global Brain Oxygen Consumption Rate
Authors: Jain Varsha , Langham Michael C , Wehrli Felix W 
Published: December 2010

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (2010) 30, 1598–1607; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.49; published online 21 April 2010 Following the publication of this issue, the editors noticed that the cover figure for the September 2010 issue was incorrect. The correct version appears below. Please note that this figure was created by the authors of the above article and is credited to them in the issue.
“Shhhh! Alex Has Something To Say”: AAC-SGD Use in the Classroom Setting
Authors: Mellman Lisa M. , DeThorne Laura S. , Hengst Julie A. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
The present qualitative study was designed to examine augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices, particularly surrounding speech-generating devices (SGDs), in the classroom setting. We focused on three key child participants, their classroom teachers, and associated speech-language pathologists across three different schools. In addition to semi-structured interviews of all participants, six classroom observations per child were completed. Data were coded according to both pre-established and emergent themes. Four broad themes emerged: message-focused AAC use, social interactions within the classroom community, barriers to successful AAC-SGD use, and missed opportunities. Findings revealed a lack of SGD use in the classroom for two children as well as limited social interaction across all cases. We conclude by highlighting the pervasive sense of missed opportunities across these classroom observations and yet, at the same time, the striking resiliency of communicative effort in these cases.
Maternal Responsiveness to AAC
Authors: Medeiros Kara F. , Cress Cynthia J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
How a mother responds to her young child's early communication behavior has been found to contribute to the children's scores on cognitive and language measures. This effect has been found in both children with and without developmental disabilities. Aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is a communication strategy used with young children with developmental disabilities. Currently, there have been no studies addressing how a mother's play with her children may change when an aided AAC device is added. In this study 25 dyads participated in familiar and unfamiliar to play with and without a BIGmack present. Mothers' responsive and directive behaviors were coded and compared across both types of play. When the two conditions were compared, mothers showed more overall responsiveness to their children's communication when the BIGmack was present. Mothers did not increase their directive behaviors significantly between the two conditions.
Disaster Preparedness
Authors: Quinn Emily , Stuart Sheela L. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
Individuals with complex communication needs are particularly vulnerable in disaster situations. This paper will describe a community outreach program developed to provide emergency preparedness training for children with complex communication needs. Goals are to acquaint participants with the challenges faced by individuals who used AAC in previous disasters, describe how community education has increased the capacity of stakeholders, and facilitate discussion regarding the application of training programs in additional communities.