bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric focal pericardial thickening causing physiologically significant constrictive pericarditis
Authors: Siddiqi Nauman , Kern Morton J. , Patel Pranav M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA 34‐year‐old woman presented with refractory ascites and edema. Echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular function with a restrictive diastolic filling pattern. Tissue Doppler velocities of the mitral annulus were normal. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a focal region of pericardial thickening anterior to the right ventricle and normal thickness pericardium in the other segments. However, abnormal delayed enhancement MRI (consistent with inflammation) was present in both the thickened and the normal pericardial segments. Invasive hemodynamics confirmed constrictive physiology and the patient underwent successful pericardiectomy. This case highlights the utility of multimodality imaging in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis and the underappreciated fact that the pericardium need not be globally thickened to cause hemodynamically significant constrictive physiology.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combustion Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of the Small Hydrofullerene C50H10
Authors: Chen Jian‐Hua , Gao Zhi‐Yong , Weng Qun‐Hong , Jiang Wen‐Sheng , He Qiao , Liang Hua , Deng Lin‐Long , Xie Su‐Lan , Huang Hui‐Ying , Lu Xin , Xie Su‐Yuan , Shi Kang , Huang Rong‐Bin , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe hydrofullerene C50H10 is synthesized by low‐pressure benzene–oxygen diffusion combustion. The structure of C50H10 is identified through NMR, mass spectrometry, and IR and Raman spectroscopy as a D5h symmetric closed‐cage molecule with five pairs of fused pentagons stabilized by ten hydrogen atoms. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectrometric analyses disclose its optical properties as comparable with those of its chloride cousin (C50Cl10). Cyclic and square‐wave voltammograms reveal that the first reduction potential of C50H10 is more negative than that of C50Cl10 as well as C60, with implications for the utilization of C50H10 as a promising electron acceptor for photovoltaic applications.
Seide aus Beton
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEin nur wenige Millimeter großer Meeresbewohner aus der Ordnung der Flohkrebse baut sich Röhren aus einem proteinhaltigen Material, das mit dem klebrigen Zement der Seepocken verwandt ist, aber gesponnene Fasern nach Art der Spinnenseide enthält.
Brennstoffzellen ohne Edelmetallkatalysator
Authors: Jaenicke Lothar 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDie kathodische Reduktion von Sauerstoff mit Wasserstoff erzeugt hohe Energie und wenig Schadstoff. Sie ist daher der “Hoffnungsträger” aller Nieder‐ und Hochspannungingenieure standfester und sich bewegender Anwendungen der Zukunft, wenn es gelingt, leichte Brennstoffzellen ohne Edelmetallkatalysatoren zu entwickeln.
On‐demand transmission model for remote visualization using image‐based rendering
Authors: Al‐Saidi Asma , Walker David W. , Rana Omer F. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYInteractive distributed visualization is an emerging technology with numerous applications. However, many of the present approaches to interactive distributed visualization have limited performance because they are based on the traditional polygonal processing graphics pipeline. In contrast, image‐based rendering uses multiple images of the scene instead of a three‐dimensional geometrical representation, and so has the key advantage that the final output is independent of the scene complexity and depends on the desired final image resolution. Furthermore, the discrete nature of the light field dataset maps well to a hybrid solution, which can overcome the identified drawbacks. In this paper, we propose an on‐demand solution for efficiently transmitting visualization data to remote users/clients. This is achieved through sending selected parts of the dataset based on the current client viewpoint, and is done instead of downloading a complete replica of the light field dataset to each client, or remotely sending a single rendered view back from a central server to the user each time the user updates their viewing parameters. The on‐demand approach shows stable performance as the number of clients increases because the load on the server and the network traffic are reduced. Furthermore, detailed performance studies show that the proposed scheme outperforms the current solution in terms of interactivity measured in frames per second. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incorrect handling of calibration information in divergence time inference: an example from volcanic islands
Authors: Mello Beatriz , Schrago Carlos G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDivergence time studies rely on calibration information from several sources. The age of volcanic islands is one of the standard references to obtain chronological data to estimate the absolute times of lineage diversifications. This strategy assumes that cladogenesis is necessarily associated with island formation, and punctual calibrations are commonly used to date the splits of endemic island species. Here, we re‐examined three studies that inferred divergence times for different Hawaiian lineages assuming fixed calibration points. We show that, by permitting probabilistic calibrations, some divergences are estimated to be significantly younger or older than the age of the island formation, thus yielding distinct ecological scenarios for the speciation process. The results highlight the importance of using calibration information correctly, as well as the possibility of incorporating volcanic island studies into a formal, biogeographical hypothesis‐testing framework.
Isolation of a New Cs‐Symmetrized Mo3(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)(μ‐S2)2 Structural Type Through Complementary Association with a Cubane‐Type Mo3NiS4 Cluster
Authors: Hernandez‐Molina Rita , Gonzalez‐Platas Javier , Vicent Cristian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA new cluster of formula {[Mo3(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)(μ‐S2)2(dtp)3(μ‐OAc)][Mo3NiS4(dtp)3(μ‐OAc)(CH3CN)]} (1; dtp = diethyl dithiophosphate; OAc = acetate) comprising the novel Cs‐symmetrized Mo3(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)(μ‐S2)2 structural type covalently attached to a cubane‐type Mo3NiS4 core has been isolated and fully characterized. The reaction of a 2 M HCl solution of [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ with an excess of potassium diethyl dithiophosphate and acetic acid in the presence of the [Mo3(NiCl)S4(H2O)9]3+ cluster afforded a mixture of products encompassing different Mo3Sx (x = 4–7) cluster cores from which the Mo3(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)(μ‐S2)2 structural type has been isolated in analytically pure form as a Mo3NiS4 adduct. The robustness of the aggregate 1 was also retained in solution as judged by ESI‐MS and 31P NMR techniques. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed in detail the complementary association of the newly formed Mo3(μ3‐S)(μ‐S)(μ‐S2)2 entity and the Mo3NiS4 cluster in which μ‐S sulfide ligands and μ‐S2 disulfide ligands act as nucleophilic and electrophilic functional groups, respectively, towards the Mo3NiS4 cube through directional Ni–S covalent bonds and short S···S contacts (below 3.3 Å).
Room‐Temperature Sol–Gel Synthesis of Sodium Hexaniobate in an Immiscible Hexane–Water System and Its Conversion into NaNbO3
Authors: Tanaka Masahiro , Fujihara Shinobu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSodium hexaniobate (Na7[HNb6O19]·15H2O) was synthesized by a one‐pot sol–gel method at room temperature by using an immiscible, biphasic solution. An organic solution was prepared by dissolving niobium pentaethoxide [Nb(OC2H5)5] in ethanol, which was then added to hexane. This solution was brought into contact with an aqueous NaOH solution to form a reaction system consisting of two separate phases. A white precipitate was formed within 12 h at the bottom of the aqueous solution. It exhibited well‐defined rod‐like morphology on a micrometer scale. A comparative study was performed on the basis of a single‐phase solution by mixing Nb(OC2H5)5 in ethanol and the aqueous NaOH solution. The results indicated that the product formed by way of the single‐phase solution was rather different in morphology from that obtained in the biphasic system. In both cases, Na7[HNb6O19]·15H2O could be converted to NaNbO3 by heating at 600 °C. Mechanisms underlying the formation of Na7[HNb6O19]·15H2O and its conversion to NaNbO3 are discussed on the basis of the experimental results.
Selectivity Enhancement for Chloride Ion by In(III)‐Porphyrin‐Based Polymeric Membrane Electrode Operated in Pulsed Chronopotentiometric Mode
Authors: Gemene Kebede L. , Meyerhoff Mark E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA robust selectivity enhancement of an In(III)‐porphyrin ionophore‐based chloride‐selective electrode under pulsed chronopotentiometric measurement mode that enables the detection of chloride ions in the presence of a normally interfering concentration of salicylate ions is described. This enhancement is achieved by the rapid depletion of the surface concentration of the more dilute lipophilic anion during an initial anodic current pulse period due to extraction of this preferred anion into the membrane phase. Measurement of chloride with a detection limit of 8 mM and near Nernstian response slope in the presence of 1 mM salicylate is possible using the pulstrode method.
The effects of multiple access interference and polarization mode dispersion on the outage probability and blocking probability in optical code paths
Authors: Durand F.R. , Barbosa F.R. , Abbade M.L.F. , Moschim E. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this work, we investigate through a formal approach the effects of multiple access interference and polarization mode dispersion on the blocking probability in optical code paths (OCP)s. These paths are determined by the data encoding with non‐coherent codes from code division multiplexing using prime code sequences. We modeled the blocking probability in the OCPs considering the outage probability like a threshold to determine the number of acceptable active OCPs in each wavelength. In this model, new OCPs are granted until the number of active OCPs on the wavelength reaches the blocking threshold; after that, requests are blocked. Results show quantitatively the contribution of multiple access interference effects and polarization mode dispersion constraints on the outage probability and their impact on the blocking probability in the OCPs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Error in Gas Temperature Measurements with Thermocouples: Application on an SOFC System Heat Exchanger
Authors: Tsikonis L. , Van herle J. , Favrat D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAim of this work is to model and study the behavior of thermocouples as they are used in the measurement of gas temperatures in solid oxide fuel cell systems. Due to the high temperature regime in such systems, the effect of radiation and conduction from surrounding solids may bias the measurements with important consequences on control, performance, and cell durability. In order to study these effects a mathematical model of a working thermocouple was developed and it was integrated in that of a heat exchanger, which was part of a larger SOFC system. The enhanced heat exchanger's model was then validated with measurements from a test on a real system. The possibility to overcome the bias and to have a more correct approximation of the real gas temperatures is discussed.
Antitumor effect of vandetanib through EGFR inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Klein Jonah D. , Christopoulos Apostolos , Ahn Sun M. , Gooding William E. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Kim Seungwon 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) have been implicated as therapeutic targets for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Vandetanib is a small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with dual specificity for EGFR and VEGFR. Here we characterize the phenotypic and biochemical effects of vandetanib on various HNSCC cell lines.MethodsIn vitro models were used for studying tumor cell viability, invasion, and signaling as well as in vivo xenograft models.ResultsTreatment with vandetanib reduced viability, invasion, and tumor growth of HNSCC cell lines. Phosphorylation levels of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were reduced in vandetanib‐treated HNSCC cells. Additionally, vandetanib abrogates EGF‐induced STAT3 activity and STAT3 target gene expression.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that vandetanib inhibits the growth of head and neck cancer cell lines. The antitumor effects of vandetanib appear to be exerted via the EGFR inhibitory effect of the compound. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Application of microfluidic systems in management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tanweer Faiz , Louise Green Victoria , David Stafford Nicholas , Greenman John 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMicrofluidics is an emerging multidisciplinary field that has the potential to provide solutions to many of the current challenges in managing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Treatment strategies for this disease are often complex and associated with significant morbidity and mortality; furthermore, prediction of response to treatment remains inaccurate. Microfluidic technology allows a small sample of tumor to be maintained alive ex vivo within a microenvironment that mimics the in vivo milieu; the response of this tumor biopsy to treatment regimens can subsequently be investigated. Microfluidics is the science and technology of systems that process or manipulate microliter to nanoliter volumes of fluids in purpose‐built devices fabricated from glass or other biocompatible polymers. The technology also involves miniaturization and integration of various laboratory procedures into novel analysis devices. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of microfluidic devices and discuss potential applications in HNSCC management. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
CHARACTERISTIC OF DESIGN FLOODS USING L‐MOMENT BASED ON GRADUAL COMPOSITION OF ANNUAL MAXIMUM FLOOD FLOW
Authors: Choo Tai H. , Maeng Seung J. , Kim Hyung S. , Lee Seung W. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, the characteristics of design floods in Korea were analyzed by selecting 19 watershed regions out of all the water level gauging stations in Korea. In the selected watershed regions, the observed floods were verified and used to derive appropriate design floods. To perform a frequency analysis of the annual maximum flood based on the gradual composition method, in which the maximum flood of each target watershed is increased by one year from the year when the observation began, with 1990 as the reference year, the variation characteristics of the annual flood were analyzed using the moving average method. The basic statistics of the 19 target watersheds were also evaluated based on the composition period of the annual maximum flood series, and the independent, homogeneity and outlier tests were performed. Furthermore, the goodness of fit of the Gumbel (GUM), Pearson type 3 (PT3), generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO), generalized Pareto (GPA), and lognormal (LN3) distributions were verified based on the L‐moment ratio diagram and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Finally, the parameter of the GEV distribution, which was selected as the appropriate probability distribution, was estimated based on the L‐moment, and the design flood of each watershed was derived from the composition period of the annual maximum flood series. According to the variation rate analysis used in this study, the period when the design conditions for an appropriate agricultural hydraulic structure should be changed must be around the year 2002, considering the recent climate changes in Korea due to global warming. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative discrimination of NPC cell lines using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Li Jianghua , Chen Changshui , Chen Bingling , Shen Zhiyuan , He Yonghong , Xia Yunfei , Liu Songhao 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe tried to explore the intrinsic differences in the optical properties of the four representative NPC cell lines on the models of radiobiology and metastasis by OCT. The scattering coefficients and anisotropies were extracted by fitting the average a‐scan attenuation curves based on the multiple scatter effect. The values of scattering coefficients and anisotropy factors were 5.21 ± 0.11, 5.30 ± 0.09, 5.92 ± 0.21, 6.97 ± 0.22, and 0.892 ± 0.009, 0.886 ± 0.006, 0.884 ± 0.009, 0.86 ± 0.01 for CNE1, CNE2, 5‐8F and 6‐10B pellets (p < 0.05, P = 0.07 for CNE1 and CNE2), respectively. The results showed that the radiobiology and metastasis cell's model could be distinguished obviously; which implied that the corresponding types of NPC tissue might be potentially differentiated by OCT. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Acute and Persistent Effects of Pre‐ and Posthatching Thermal Environments on Growth and Metabolism in the Red‐Eared Slider Turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans
Authors: LIGON DAY B. , PETERSON CHARLES C. , LOVERN MATTHEW B. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTMany ectotherms possess the capacity to survive a wide range of thermal conditions. Long‐term exposure to temperature can induce acclimational and/or organizational effects, and the developmental stage at which temperature exposure occurs may affect the type, degree, and persistence of these effects. We incubated red‐eared slider turtle embryos at three different constant temperatures (Tinc; 26.5, 28.5, 30.5°C), then divided the resulting hatchlings between two water temperatures (Twater; 25, 30°C). We calculated growth rates to assess the short‐ and long‐term effects of thermal experience on this metabolically costly process. We also measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) at three body temperatures (Tbody; 26.5, 28.5, 30.5°C) shortly after hatching and 6 months posthatching to characterize the degree and persistence of acclimation to Tinc and Twater. Hatchling RMRs were affected by Tbody and Tinc, and fit a pattern consistent with positive but incomplete metabolic compensation to Tinc. Average growth rates over the first 11 weeks posthatching were strongly affected by Twater but only marginally influenced by Tinc, and only at Twater = 30°C. Six‐month RMRs exhibited strong acclimation to Twater consistent with positive metabolic compensation. However, within each Twater treatment, RMR fit patterns indicative of inverse metabolic compensation to Tinc, opposite of the pattern observed in hatchlings. Average growth rates calculated over 6 months continued to show a strong effect of Twater, and the previously weak effect of Tinc observed within the 30°C Twater treatment became more pronounced. Our results suggest that metabolic compensation was reversible regardless of the life stage during which exposure occurred, and therefore is more appropriately considered acclimational than organizational. J. Exp. Zool. 317:227–235, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study of encoding overhead in network management protocols
Authors: Gonçalves Pedro , Oliveira José Luís , Aguiar Rui 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYNext‐Generation Network (NGN) is a critical scenario in terms of network management because of its network dimension, its number of users and its heterogeneity. Since the introduction of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) at the beginning of the 1990s, much effort has been devoted to the development of new network management technologies. Both the Desktop Management Task Force (DMTF) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) have developed different network and system management protocols, such as Common Open Policy Service, Web‐Based Enterprise Management, Network Configuration and even adapted other protocols, such as Diameter and Web Services. A network management technology with poor scalability could compromise NGN management and ultimately NGN network behaviour. This paper analyses the network overhead of several management technologies developed by the DMTF and IETF, and goes on to compare their results with the usage of SNMP. Furthermore, some deployment recommendations are proposed for performance optimization in NGNs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nature of tryptophan radicals involved in the long‐range electron transfer of lignin peroxidase and lignin peroxidase‐like systems: Insights from quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics simulations
Authors: Bernini Caterina , Pogni Rebecca , Basosi Riccardo , Sinicropi Adalgisa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA catalytically active tryptophan radical has been demonstrated to be involved in the long‐range electron transfer to the heme cofactor of lignin peroxidase (LiP) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium although no direct detection by EPR spectroscopy of the tryptophan radical intermediate has been reported to date. An engineering‐based approach has been used to manipulate the microenvironment of the redox‐active tryptophan site in LiP and Coprinus cinereus Peroxidase (CiP), allowing the direct evidence of the tryptophan radical species. In light of the newly available EPR experimental data, we performed a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics computational study to characterize the tryptophan radicals in the above protein matrices as well as in pristine LiP. The nature of the tryptophan radicals is discussed together with the analysis of their environment with the aim of understanding the different behavior of pristine LiP in comparison with that of LiP and CiP variants. Proteins 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A quantitative approach to estimate a website security risk using whitelist
Authors: Kim Young‐Gab , Lee Minsoo , Cho Sanghyun , Cha Sungdeok 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTDespite much research on defense against phishing attacks, incidents continue to occur where sensitive (e.g., personal or financial) information is stolen using social engineering and technical spoofing techniques. Most approaches use the notions of blacklists versus whitelists (WWLs), and it is difficult to quantify the degree of a website's vulnerability against phishing attacks. In this paper, we present a quantitative approach for evaluating the phishing possibility of a given website using the refined security risk elements for domain and web page. Design and implementation of the website risk assessment system for antiphishing are also included. It can detect suspicious websites containing phishing attack and abnormal behavior and generates a warning if website is judged untrustworthy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of botnets before activation: an enhanced honeypot system for intentional infection and behavioral observation of malware
Authors: Moon Young Hoon , Kim Eunjin , Hur Suh Mahn , Kim Huy Kang 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTAs botnets have become the primary means for cyber attacks, how to detect botnets becomes an important issue for researchers and practitioners. In this study, we introduce a system that is designed to detect botnets prior to their activation. Pre‐detection of botnets becomes available with our enhanced honeypot system that allows us to intentionally infect virtual machines in honeynets. For empirical testing, we applied our system to a major Internet service provider in Korea. After running our proposed system for 12 months, it was found that nearly 40% of blacklisted botnets were pre‐detected by our system before their attacks begin. We expect that our system can be used to detect command‐and‐control servers and to screen them out during their propagation stage before they make harmful attacks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.