bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of primary trabeculectomy with adjunctive bevacizumab versus 5‐fluorouracil: 24‐month results
Authors: ZARNOWSKI T , JURKOWSKA‐DUDZINSKA J , KOSIOR‐JARECKA E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Purpose. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of bevacizumab and 5‐fluorouracil on the efficacy and safety of trabeculectomy. Methods Material and methods. Nonrandomized, prospective, interventional case series study was scheduled for 62 patients undergoing primary trabeculectomy in Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG). In group 1 that consisted of 30 patients (21 POAG, 9 PEXG) trabeculectomy with adjunctive 5‐FU was performed (4 min. intraoperative application). In group 2 that consisted of 32 patients (21 POAG, 11 PEXG) trabeculectomy enhanced by subconjunctival bevacizumab application (immediately before and after surgery, 1 and 7 days after surgery) was performed. Results Results. Mean IOP before 5‐FU‐augmented trabeculectomy was 28.0±8.0 mmHg, and before bevacizumab‐augmented trabeculectomy was 27.8±9.5 mmHg (p=0.96). After 6 months mean IOP was 13.4±4.6 mmHg in the 5‐FU group and 13.7±5.2 mmHg in the bevacizumab group (p=0.39). After 12 months mean IOP was 13.6±4.4 mmHg in the 5‐FU group and 14.7±4.7 mmHg in the bevacizumab group (p=0.96). After 24 months mean IOP in 5‐FU group valued 13.4±3.8 mmHg and in Avastin group 15.0±3.3mmHg (p=0.24). No differences were noted with respect to corneal endothelial density, visual field indices and postoperative complications. Conclusion Conclusions. 24‐month results comparing the outcome of bevacizumab and 5‐FU augmented trabeculectomy did not show significant difference between the application of bevacizumab and 5‐FU.
Changes in peripapillary blood flow after intraocular pressure reduction
Authors: KURVINEN L , HARJU M , SUOMINEN S , VESTI E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To study retinal blood flow changes after filtration surgery in eyes with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and exfoliation glaucoma (ExG). Methods Included were one eye of 18 patients with NTG (median age, range; 63 years, 53‐86 years) and 18 with ExG (72 years, 53‐84 years). Deep sclerectomy was performed on all eyes. Temporal peripapillary retinal blood flow was measured with the Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter before and three months after the operation. Automatic full field perfusion image analysis was used and mean flow (MF), peak systolic flow (SF), and minimum diastolic flow (DF) measured, and pulsation index (PI) calculated. Results Intraocular pressure was reduced from 16 mmHg (11‐20 mmHg) to 11 mmHg (3‐20 mmHg) in NTG eyes (p<0.001) and from 24 mmHg (16‐32 mmHg) to 13 mmHg (0‐17 mmHg) in ExG eyes (p<0.001). Preoperatively, in NTG eyes MF (160 AU, 105‐259 AU ) and SF (207 AU, 143‐324 AU) were significantly lower compared with ExG eyes (186 AU, 112‐433 AU, p=0.039; and 261 AU, 180‐513 AU, p=0.024). The difference in DF was of borderline significance. Postoperatively, in ExG MF and SF were significantly reduced (157 AU, 111‐227 AU, p= 0.044; and 213 AU, 146‐291 AU, p=0.017). In NTG eyes there was no significant change in flow. The difference in flow between NTG and ExG eyes was no longer significant. Conclusion A reduced flow in NTG was detected compared with ExG preoperatively. A reduction in IOP resulted in lower peripapillary flow in ExG but no change in flow in NTG.
Deep sclerectomy with and without mitomycin‐C in normal tension glaucoma
Authors: SUOMINEN S , HARJU M , KURVINEN L , IHANAMäKI T , VESTI E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To study the effect of deep sclerectomy (DS) with and without Mitomycin‐C(MMC) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. Methods We prospectively analysed the results of 29 eyes of 29 consecutive NTG patients (mean ±SD age, 62,9 ±7,0 years ) to whom DS was performed. Patients were randomized to the Mitomycin‐C and non‐MMC groups. MMC (0.4 mg/ml for 3 minutes) was used in 12 of 29 eyes. Results There was a significant reduction from the preoperative IOP (mean, ±SD; 15,5 mmHg, ±2,8) to the postoperative IOP after 12 months follow‐up (11,1, ±2,0 mmHg, p<0,001). In MMC group the mean postoperative IOP after 12 months was 10,3, ±1,9 mmHg and in non‐MMC group 11,7 ±1,9 mmHg. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0,053). Total success, a 25% reduction in IOP without medication, was achieved in 15/29 eyes (7/12 in MMC group and 8/17 in non‐MMC group). At the end of 12 months follow‐up 19 eyes (66%) were without glaucoma medication. Goniopuncture was performed in 19 eyes (66%) and needling in 6 eyes (21%). Complications included loss of two or more snellen lines in visual acuity (6 eyes), microperforation (3), re‐suturation of con‐junctiva (4) and dellen formation (2). Conclusion Clinically and statistically significant IOP reduction was achieved. There is a trend towards even lower postoperative IOP when MMC is used. DS seems to be effective and safe in reducing IOP during 12 months follow‐up in NTG patients.
The role of LOX and LOXL2 in wound healing after glaucoma filtration surgery
Authors: VAN BERGEN T , VAN DE VEIRE S , VANDEWALLE E , MOONS L , HERMAN J , STALMANS I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase‐like protein 2 (LOXL2) are involved in the crosslinking of collagen and elastin. We have shown that LOX and LOXL2 were upregulated after glaucoma surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of anti‐LOX (M64) and of anti‐LOXL2 (M20) antibodies (Arresto Biosciences) in a rabbit model of trabeculectomy. Methods Treatment with the antibodies or control (PBS) was initiated on day 0 after surgery by giving an intracameral injection (0.6 mg) and a subconjunctival (SC) injection (0.3 mg). Thereafter the antibodies were injected twice a week SC (0.3 mg) until 30 days after the surgery. The outcome of the treatment was studied by clinical investigation (IOP, bleb area and bleb survival) and by analysis of angiogenesis (CD31), inflammation (CD45) and collagen deposition (Sirius Red). Results Both antibodies were able to significantly improve surgical outcome by increasing bleb area and bleb survival compared to control (p<0.001). Analyses of the different stainings showed a significant reduction in angiogenesis (47%; p=0.01), inflammation (34%; p=0.0003) and fibrosis (16%; p=0.01), respectively, in the anti‐LOXL2 treated group compared to control. Anti‐LOX antibody resulted in a significant reduction only in collagen deposition (22%; p=0.0009 compared to control). Conclusion These results showed that LOX and LOXL2 are important in ocular wound healing. We also provide evidence on effectiveness of repeated anti‐LOXL2 injections after trabeculectomy. The anti‐LOXL2 antibody was able to improve surgical outcome by reducing angiogenesis, as well as inflammation and collagen deposition. These new insights may have important therapeutic implications for glaucoma surgery.
Commercial interest
The importance of fine dust for the development of an environmentally induced dry eye
Authors: RABENSTEINER DF , STURMBAUER K , HORWATH‐WINTER J , SCHMUT O 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Environmental conditions promote dry eye by destruction of tear fluid and induction of cell damage. Fine dust is not only present in an urban polluted environment, but also in a cigarette fume or candle light dust loaded home environment. We wanted to determine, if fine dust affects the tear fluid components and conjunctival cells. Methods Human tear fluid from volunteers was obtained and incubated with fine dust suspensions. Possible tear protein changes were analysed by polyacrylamidegel‐electrophoresis (PAGE). Cultivated human conjunctival cells (CHANG‐cells) were incubated with fine dust suspensions as well as exposed to ultraviolet light (UV‐A). Cytomorphological changes and cell vitality were analysed via CASY1 Cell Counter and MTS‐assay. Results Fine dust suspensions destroy tear fluid proteins, particularly in combination with UV‐A‐light irradiation. Moreover, the incubation of human conjunctival cells with fine dust suspensions leads to a statistically significant decrease of cell vitality, depending on the fine dust concentration and incubation period. Additional UV‐A‐irradiation induces a further reduction of cell vitality. Conclusion Due to the alterations of human tear proteins and conjunctival cells caused by fine dust and exaggerated by UV‐A‐irradiation, fine dust can also be responsible for the development of an environmentally induced dry eye.
Traumatic chiasmal and retrochiasmal dysfunction
Authors: BORRUAT FX 
Published: November 2010

AbstractChiasmal or retrochiasmal dysfunction can result from head trauma. Usually it is associated with a violent trauma such as car accident or fall from several meters. Their incidence is low but may be underdiagnosed. The frequency, the mechanisms, and the clinical presentations of such traumatic visual loss will be reviewed in this presentation.
Post‐traumatic oculomotor disorders
Authors: EGGENBERGER E 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTrauma is a common ocular motor pathophysiology with a predilection for younger patients. Although afferent visual dysfunction is well known following trauma, the efferent conditions are perhaps less familiar. Trauma has a predilection to produce diplopia, and this may result from muscle, cranial nerve, nuclear, internucelar or supranuclear means. Orbital trauma commonly affects the extraocular muscles with signs to include proptosis and orbital bony abnormalities. CN4 is the most common ocular motor palsy post‐trauma, perhaps due to its long course around the midbrain; CN3 or 6 palsies are well know following trauma but often require more severe trauma than CN4 palsies. Supranuclear ocular motor dysfunction is common after trauma (e.g., skew deviation). Oscillopsia has been reported post‐trauma, most commonly related to vestibular ocular reflex abnormalities or nystagmus.
Post‐concussive syndrome
Authors: PURVIN V 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Over 85% of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are considered “mild”, also referred to as “concussion”. Mild TBI is increasingly recognized as an important public health problem. Despite their designation as “mild”, adverse outcomes from such injuries are significant, with 25% of patients still impaired at one year. Visual difficulties are common, reported by two‐thirds of patients in a Veterans Administration study. Methods Visual symptoms of mild TBI typically include blurring, light sensitivity, eyestrain, difficulty with near focus, trouble tracking, seeing haloes around lights, and diplopia (monocular and binocular). Results Despite the high incidence of visual symptoms, results of standard eye examination and neuro‐ophthalmic testing are typically normal. Conventional neuro‐imaging also fails to demonstrate objective evidence of neurologic dysfunction in most cases. Recent developments in neuroimaging (particularly diffusion tensor imaging) and serologic testing (S‐100B) have provided some correlates of such injury. Conclusion New information from neuroimaging and serologic testing has helped to provide some objective markers for post‐concussive syndromes. The diagnosis of such post‐traumatic syndromes remains largely clinical.
Post keratoplasty glaucoma management: retrospective study
Authors: IBANEZ ALPERTE J , PEREZ GARCIA D , CHACON VALLES M , BROTO MANGUES MA , LORAS ALEGRE E , CRISTOBAL BESCOS JA 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To realize a retrospective study on the glaucoma post keratoplasty glaucoma Between 20‐30% of patients undergoing a cornea transplant, require medical or surgical treatment, antihypertensive. Methods A retrospective study of 50 penetrating keratoplasty. The variables analyzed included etiology of graft, control intraocular pressure (IOP) per week, 1, 3, 6 months and one year after surgery, number and type of treatments, and patient gonioscopic study. Results The most common etiology implicated as a cause of keratoplasty was bullous keratopathy (50%), followed by herpes (15%). Triple procedure was performed in 50% (25 cases) followed by keratoplasty simple 30% (15 cases). In 60% of cases there normotensional behavior at 8 months follow‐up, showing the 12% of patients, an associated hypotensive treatment and in 6% the use of implants for blood pressure control valve. Conclusion The triple procedure is shown as the safest, with a good blood pressure control per year, using the topical betobloqueantes use as first choice therapy. In refractory cases, the use of drainage systems, achieves blood pressure control in most of our cases.
Dry eye disease secondary to bacterial, fungal or acanthamoeba keratitis
Authors: SAUER A , M'GARRECH M , LABETOULLE M , BOURCIER T 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To characterize dry eye disease after severe unilateral infectious (non‐viral) keratitis. Methods Tear break‐up time (BUT), Schirmer I test, Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and Tear film osmolarity by means of Tearlab* (Tearlab, San Diego, CA, USA) were collected in patients admitted for severe unilateral non‐viral infectious keratitis in Ophthalmology departments of Strasbourg and Paris‐Bicetre university hospitals (France) between January and May 2010. All of these data were collected in both eyes (infected eye and non‐infected controlateral eye as a control) at least 3 month after the beginning corneal infection and 1 month after the end of topical treatment. Severity of infection was defined as a large (> 2 mm) and/or a deep corneal infiltrates (> 50% thickness). Results 21 patients (9 men, 12 women) were followed during the study. Mean age was 37 year‐old (range 19‐64). Bacteria, fungi and acanthamoeba were involved as pathogenic agents in 16, 3 and 2 cases respectively. The mean score of OSDI was 5.94+/‐3.83 in infected eyes and 2.17+/‐2.28 in control (non‐infected) eyes (p=0.0017). Tear osmolarity as 290.67+/‐7.56 mOsm/L in infected eyes as compared to 300.71+/‐6.40 in control eyes whereas tear BUT and Schirmer test were also significantly decreased in infected eye (p<0.001 p=0.0023 and 0.0011 respectively). Conclusion Secondary dry eye disease is a common finding after severe corneal infection. However, decreased tear film osmolarity has been observed in all patients. These results are in contradiction with increased tear osmolarity reported in primary mild to moderate dry eye disease. Prolonged inflammation and subsequent destruction of resident cells of the conjunctiva and lacrimal glands could be hypothetized.
Clinical and histological reversibility of intracorneal ring segment surgery: final results
Authors: IBARES FRIAS L , GALLEGO P , MARTINEZ‐GARCIA C , CANTALAPIEDRA R , BLANCO T , MERAYO‐LLOVES J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the reversibility of the clinical and histological changes induced in the corneas of an animal model after removing intracorneal ring segment (ICRS). Methods We performed surgery for this study in 30 eyes (15 hens) of an experimental animal model of ICRS surgery(Ferrara technique) previously described by us. The animals were randomized in 5 groups, in all of them, we implanted one segment in each eye and was removed in 3 months. Each Group was processed at different time points for clinical and histological analysis,7 days (first group)15 days (second group), 1 month (third group), 2 months (fourth group), and 3 months( fifth group). For histological analysis hematoxilin eosine and Masson Trichromic stains were made. Clinical evaluation was made with a surgical microscope. Results Explantation was performed correctly in all cases, no complications were found. Histological analysis:At 7 days we observed hipercelularity and abnormal conformation of the collagen fibres, which at 15 days change to normal, with persistente of the hipercelularity.Later, at 3 months the hipercelularity decreased to normal values similar to preoperative. As regards clinical evaluation:in the first weeks we observed deposits of cells and a moderate degree of corneal opacity( haze) around the space where the ICRS was implanted, signs which decreased progressively. At 3 months neither deposits of cells nor corneal opacity were found. Conclusion ICRS are safety explanted from non‐pathologic corneas of an experimental animal model.Most of the clinical and histological findings returned to near preimplantation levels.
Does VEGF polymorphism play a role in the treatment success with VEGF inhibitors in patients with CNV?
Authors: BOLTZ A , WEIGERT G , GARHOFER G , JONAS JB , SCHMETTERER L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Along with risk factors like smoking, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and low choroidal blood flow, genetic susceptibility is a primary contributor to the development and progression of wet age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a central angiogenic regulator and there is general agreement now that it is one of the most important triggers for the progression of neovascular AMD. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that VEGF gene polymorphisms play a role in the treatment success with VEGF inhibitors in patients with CNV. Methods One‐hundred‐sixty‐two eyes of 143 patients with neovascular AMD who were scheduled for their first treatment with intravitreally administered ranibizumab were included in this trial. All patients were aged over 50 years and had angiographically verified neovascular AMD. Blood from the finger pad was collected on blood cards for genotyping for the VEGF polymorphisms rs1413711, rs3025039, rs2010963, rs833061, rs699947, rs3024997 and rs1005230. At each follow up visit, visual acuity was reassessed and an ophthalmic examination was carried out. The number of retreatments as well as the visual acuity outcome was analyzed in dependence of the VEGF polymorphisms. Results The included patients were reinjected with ranibizumab 2 to 19 times, resulting in a total treatment period of 42 to 1182 days. Neither the number of retreatments nor the visual acuity outcome was associated with any of the studied haplotypes. Conclusion The success of anti VEGF treatment is not dependent on VEGF gene polymorphisms.
Prevalence and prospective risk factors for age‐related macular degeneration: The Bristol Speedwell cohort, UK
Authors: NGAI LY , STOCKS N , SPARROW J , PATEL R , RUMLEY A , LOWE G , DAVEY SMITH G , BEN‐SHLOMO Y 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive eye disease, with a pre‐clinical stage of age‐related maculopathy (ARM), and is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world. This study aimed to determine the population prevalence in a representative group of men (65‐83 years) and identify prospective risk factors for ARM/AMD. Methods 2348 men (45‐63 years from Speedwell, Bristol) were enlisted into a cohort study in 1979. At phase V (mean of 17.9 years follow‐up) they had retinal photographs taken which were assessed using the Wisconsin Age‐related Maculopathy Grading System. Results Data were obtained on 934 men from a potentially eligible sample of 1394 (67%). Early ARM was found in 9.2% of all men and late ARM in 0.5%; the rates increased with age. Baseline risk factors collected in 1979 that were associated with increased risk of AMD (ARM stage 2‐4) seen in 1997 were: diastolic blood pressure, C‐reactive protein, and increased consumption of lard, oils and fats whilst triglycerides were associated with a reduced risk. In multivariable analyses, elevated mean arterial pressure (OR per z‐score 1.37, 95% CI 1.04, 1.79) and fat consumption were significant predictors of increased risk, whilst triglycerides had reduced risk (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47, 0.99). Conclusion Whilst the prevalence of AMD was only 0.5%, almost 10% of elderly men in this UK sample were at high risk of developing AMD over the next 5 years. Our observation that elevated triglycerides is associated with reduced risk, if replicated, may provide insights into pathophysiological pathways. Early detection and possible risk factor modification should be explored to prevent ARM progression and blindness.
Evidence for the efficacy of PlGF inhibition in age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: VAN DE VEIRE S , CARMELIET P , VAN BERGEN T , MOONS L , STALMANS I 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose We previously showed that an anti‐PlGF antibody (5D11D4) inhibits choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse model of AMD. An additive effect was shown in combination therapy with an anti‐VEGFR antibody. Specificity of 5D11D4 was assessed in this study. Methods CNV was induced in mice by placing 3 laser burns on the choroid. Mice with a PlGF deficiency or a lacking tyrosin kinase domain of the Flt‐1R or with a knock‐down of the monocyte chemoattractive protein were generated. The optimal dose of 25mg/kg of 5D11D4 was injected in all mice ip. 3 times a week. Results In a first experiment, loss of PlGF inhibited CNV. However, administration of 5D11D4 to PlGF‐/‐ mice did not inhibit CNV further than in control‐treated PlGF‐/‐ mice, indicating that 5D11D4 did not have off‐target effects. Second, Ccl2‐/‐ mice developed a CNV lesion that was slightly larger than in WT mice within 14 days after laser‐injury. Notably, 5D11D4 was able to inhibit CNV again by 53%. Third, we investigated whether PlGF signaling works specifically through Flt1 in CNV. FITC‐dextran perfused flatmounts revealed that CNV lesions were indeed reduced by 70% in Flt1‐TK‐/‐ mice, comparably as observed in PlGF‐/‐ mice. 5D11D4 was unable to inhibit CNV in Flt1‐TK‐/‐ mice any further. Fourth, we also tested the murine anti‐human PlGF mAb 16D3 in humanized PlGF‐/‐ mice. Human PlGF‐2 increased laser‐induced CNV after 5 days, but this increase was again blocked by 16D3. And finally, of two other anti‐mPlGF mAbs, 3C7A8 and 12H6B6, the first one inhibited CNV, while 12H6B6 was ineffective Conclusion We have proven that 5D11D4 specifically inhibits laser‐induced CNV formation, in different transgenic models and that this effect is mediated via the Flt1 receptor.
Efficacy of photodynamic therapy associated with intravitreal triamcinolone to treat subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age related macular degeneration (VERTA study)
Authors: MONTERO MORENO JA , RUIZ MORENO JM 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To report the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with Visudyne (PDT) associated with two different concentrations of intravitreal triamcinolone (TA) to treat subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Prospective, controlled, randomized, multicenter, phase IIIb clinical trial. Fifty five eyes from 55 patients presenting CNV secondary to AMD were randomized to be treated by PDT as monotherapy, PDT associated with 4mg TA or PDT associated with 20mg TA. Primary outcome measure was the average change in visual acuity at one year. Secondary outcome measures were the proportion of patients with severe vision loss (≥15 letters) at one year, the proportion of patients with moderate vision loss (<15 letters) and CNV activity as determined by fluorescein angiography at three month intervals, and the appearance of side effects. Results No statistically significant differences were observed for the average change in visual acuity and for the proportion of patients with severe vision loss at one year. The proportion of patients with moderate vision loss was higher among patients treated by PDT combined with 4mg TA at 3 and 6 months. The most frequent adverse events were increased intraocular pressure and retinal pigment epithelium detachment. Conclusion Combined treatment PDT‐4mg TA may increase the proportion of patients with moderate vision loss at month 3 and 6 compared with PDT monotherapy and combined PDT‐20mg TA.