bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin B12 treatment reduces mononuclear DNA damage
Authors: Minnet Coskun , Koc Ahmet , Aycicek Ali , Kocyigit Abdurrahim 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:  DNA damage effects of vitamin B12 deficiency were performed in vitro and in adults.Methods:  The study group included 32 children (13 girls, 19 boys) with vitamin B12 deficiency (mean age 44 ± 58 months) and their 27 mothers (mean age 30.4 ± 5.3 years). The control group contained 30 healthy children and 25 mothers. DNA strand breaks in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were assayed by single‐cell alkaline gel electrophoresis (comet assay) before and 8 days after the first injection of vitamin B12.Results:  Mean DNA damage scores in children with vitamin B12 deficiency and their mothers were significantly higher before treatment than those after treatment. The DNA damage scores of children after treatment were still significantly higher than controls. There were significant negative correlations between the children and their mothers in terms of vitamin B12 levels and DNA damage scores (r = 0.3, P= 0.02; r = 0.58, P= 0.002, respectively). There were correlations between the children's and their mothers' DNA damage and the severity of vitamin B12 deficiency, suggesting that the children and their mothers may play a role in the scarcity of nutritional vitamin B12.Conclusion:  DNA damage is increased in children with vitamin B12 deficiency and in their mothers. DNA damage scores were significantly improved through vitamin B12 therapy 8 days after the first injection, however, they were still significantly higher than those of controls.
Ictal electrocardiographic changes in children presenting with seizures
Authors: Işık Uğur , Ayabakan Canan , Tokel Kürşat , Özek Memet M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackground:  The aim of this study was to determine electrocardiographic changes in children during seizures.Methods:  We assessed heart rate changes, RR intervals and QT changes during 47 seizures in children. Consecutive QT and RR intervals were measured for 60 s before the seizures, during the seizures and 60 s after the seizures during video electroencephalography monitoring.Results:  There were 47 seizures in 18 patients. Five patients had generalized seizures and 13 patients had focal seizures. Twelve patients were male. The mean age during monitoring was 10.1 years (range 4 months–19 years). Ictal tachycardia was seen in every seizure. No ictal bradycardia was noted. There was only one dropped beat in a patient. The mean ictal heart‐rate‐corrected QT (QTc) interval was significantly higher than the postictal measurements (P= 0.005). Mean ictal QTc variation tended to increase during seizures and then decreased below the pre‐ictal measurements in the postictal period. However these changes were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). RR variance was significantly decreased during seizures compared to the postictal period and the standard deviation of the RR intervals was significantly decreased in the ictal period compared to the pre‐ictal period (P= 0.014 and P= 0.001, respectively).Conclusion:  Tachycardia is the main finding in seizures in children. Ictal bradycardia and cardiac arrhythmias are very rare despite being more frequent in adults with seizures.
Homozygous FCGR3A‐158V alleles predispose to late onset neutropenia after CHOP‐R for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Keane C. , Nourse J. P. , Crooks P. , Nguyen‐Van D. , Mutsando H. , Mollee P. , Lea R. A. , Gandhi M. K. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundRecent reports suggest genetic polymorphisms influence susceptibility to rituximab‐induced late‐onset neutropenia (LON), which in turn may be a predictor of good outcome in B‐cell lymphoma.AimsWe report the largest study to date assessing FCGR3A‐V158F polymorphisms in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with cyclophosphamide/hydroxydaunorubicin/Oncovin (vincristine)/prednisone/rituximab (CHOP‐R). The influence of C1qA‐A276G polymorphisms in DLBCL, and the impact of both polymorphisms on susceptibility to LON and outcome were also examined.Methods115 DLBCL patients treated with CHOP‐R were compared with 105 healthy White people controls with regards to FCGR3A‐V158F and C1qA‐A276G polymorphisms. LON incidence and event‐free and overall survival (EFS and OS) were analysed for linkage to either polymorphism.ResultsThe FCGR3A‐V158F but not the C1qA‐A276G polymorphism influenced the risk of developing LON. 50% of FCGR3A‐158V/V patients experienced LON. In contrast, only 7% V/F and 2% F/F experienced LON. The FCGR3A‐158V/V genotype was associated with LON compared with V/F (P = 0.028) and F/F genotypes (P = 0.005). Although no patients with either LON or FCGR3A‐158V homozygosity relapsed compared with 33% FCGR3A‐158F/F and 21% non‐LON, this did not translate into improved EFS or OS.ConclusionsPolymorphic analysis may be a predictive tool to identify those at high risk of LON. Prospective studies are required to establish definitively if LON or FCGR3A‐158V/V genotype influences outcome.
A modification of Smith–Watson–Topper damage parameter for fatigue life prediction under non‐proportional loading
Authors: LI J. , LIU J. , SUN Q. , ZHANG Z.‐P. , QIAO Y.‐J. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the shortcomings of the Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT) damage parameter are analysed on the basis of the critical plane concept. It is found that the SWT model usually overestimates the fatigue lives of materials since it only takes into account the fatigue damage caused by the tensile components. To solve this problem, Chen et al. (CXH) modified the SWT model through considering the shear components. However, there are at least two problems present in CXH model: (1) the mean stress is not considered and (2) the different influence of the normal and shear components on fatigue life is not included. Besides, experimental validations show that the modification by Chen et al. usually leads to conservative fatigue life predictions during non‐proportional loading. In order to overcome the shortcomings of SWT and CXH models, a damage parameter as the effective strain energy density (ESED) is proposed. Experimental validations by using eight kinds of materials show that the ESED model can give satisfactory fatigue life predictions under the non‐proportional loading.
Microbial rhodopsins on leaf surfaces of terrestrial plants
Authors: Atamna‐Ismaeel Nof , Finkel Omri M. , Glaser Fabian , Sharon Itai , Schneider Ron , Post Anton F. , Spudich John L. , von Mering Christian , Vorholt Julia A. , Iluz David , Béjà Oded , Belkin Shimshon 
Published: September 2011

SummaryThe above‐ground surfaces of terrestrial plants, the phyllosphere, comprise the main interface between the terrestrial biosphere and solar radiation. It is estimated to host up to 1026 microbial cells that may intercept part of the photon flux impinging on the leaves. Based on 454‐pyrosequencing‐generated metagenome data, we report on the existence of diverse microbial rhodopsins in five distinct phyllospheres from tamarisk (Tamarix nilotica), soybean (Glycine max), Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), clover (Trifolium repens) and rice (Oryza sativa). Our findings, for the first time describing microbial rhodopsins from non‐aquatic habitats, point towards the potential coexistence of microbial rhodopsin‐based phototrophy and plant chlorophyll‐based photosynthesis, with the different pigments absorbing non‐overlapping fractions of the light spectrum.
The haem‐uptake gene cluster in Vibrio fischeri is regulated by Fur and contributes to symbiotic colonization
Authors: Septer Alecia N. , Wang Yanling , Ruby Edward G. , Stabb Eric V. , Dunn Anne K. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryAlthough it is accepted that bacteria‐colonizing host tissues are commonly faced with iron‐limiting conditions and that pathogenic bacteria often utilize iron from host‐derived haem‐based compounds, the mechanisms of iron acquisition by beneficial symbiotic bacteria are less clear. The bacterium Vibrio fischeri mutualistically colonizes the light organ of the squid Euprymna scolopes. Genome sequence analysis of V. fischeri revealed a putative haem‐uptake gene cluster, and through mutant analysis we confirmed this cluster is important for haemin use by V. fischeri in culture. LacZ reporter assays demonstrated Fur‐dependent transcriptional regulation of cluster promoter activity in culture. GFP‐based reporter assays revealed that gene cluster promoter activity is induced in symbiotic V. fischeri as early as 14 h post inoculation, although colonization assays with the haem uptake mutant suggested an inability to uptake haem does not begin to limit colonization until later stages of the symbiosis. Our data indicate that the squid light organ is a low iron environment and that haem‐based sources of iron are used by symbiotic V. fischeri cells. These findings provide important additional information on the availability of iron during symbiotic colonization of E. scolopes by V. fischeri, as well as the role of haem uptake in non‐pathogenic host‐microbe interactions.
Prognostic factors and outcome in patients with T1 high‐grade bladder cancer: can we identify patients for early cystectomy?
Authors: Segal Robert , Yafi Faysal A. , Brimo Fadi , Tanguay Simon , Aprikian Armen , Kassouf Wassim 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Although several papers have attempted to identify individual risk factors for T1 high‐grade (T1HG) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder for disease recurrence or progression, and nomograms have been generated to aid in the prediction of disease progression, there has been a lack of systematic examination of which factors predict clinically important outcomes. Treatment of T1HG remains controversial, particularly with regards to timing of radical cystectomy.Patients with T1HG bladder cancer are at a significant risk of progression and death from disease. Primary tumours, sessile architecture, and trigonal location are factors associated with worse outcome and may be used to counsel patients towards early cystectomy.OBJECTIVE
To assess outcome in patients with T1 high‐grade (T1HG) bladder cancer treated at a single academic institution and to determine the prognostic factors that can help in counselling patients towards early cystectomy.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Records of 2570 patients with bladder cancer treated from 1995 to 2005 were reviewed. Only patients diagnosed with T1HG disease were included in the analysis.
Collected variables included various clinicopathological parameters, use of statins, smoking, as well as dates of recurrence, progression, radical cystectomy and death.
Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and worsening‐free survival (WFS) were analyzed.
Multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis was employed to verify the prognostic significance of various variables.
RESULTS
In total, 278 (10.8%) patients were identified as having T1HG disease on transurethral resection.
66% of patients who recurred, and 36.3% developed stage progression after a median (range) follow‐up of 3 (0.1–15.4) years.
30% patients who underwent radical cystectomy, and 9% were dead of disease.
The 5‐year RFS and WFS rates were 26.6% and 49.4%, respectively.
On multivariate analysis, only non‐trigonal tumour location, restaging transurethral resection, history of previous carcinoma not invading bladder muscle and adjuvant bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) therapy were significantly associated with prolonged RFS, whereas papillary tumour architecture, history of previous carcinoma not invading bladder muscle and adjuvant BCG therapy were significantly associated with prolonged WFS.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with T1HG bladder cancer are at a significant risk of progression and death from disease.
Primary tumours, sessile architecture and trigonal location are factors associated with a worse outcome and may be used to counsel patients towards early cystectomy.
Prognostic role of ECOG performance status in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: an international study
Authors: Martinez‐Salamanca Juan Ignacio , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Rodriguez Joaquin Carballido , Chromecki Thomas F. , Ficarra Vincenzo , Fritsche Hans‐Martin , Kassouf Wassim , Matsumoto Kazumasa , Cabello Lucia Osorio , Seitz Christian , Tritschler Stefan , Walton Thomas J. , Zattoni Filiberto , Novara Giacomo 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Prognosis (inception cohort series)Level of Evidence 2aWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?ECOG Performance Status has gained wide popularity as an integral part of the assessment of patients with upper urinary tract carcinoma. Our findings indicate that ECOG‐PS is strongly associated with perioperative and overall survival and should be considered carefully in our decision‐making process.OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prognostic role of ECOG Performance status (ECOG‐PS) in a large multi‐institutional international cohort of patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Data of 427 patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy at five international institutions in Asia, Europe and Northern America were collected retrospectively from 1987 to 2008.
Logistic and Cox regression models were used for univariable and multivariable analyses.
RESULTS
ECOG‐PS was 0 in 272 of 427 (64%) patients. The median follow‐up of the whole cohort was 32 months.
The five‐year recurrence‐free (RFS), cancer‐specific (CSS) and overall (OS) survival estimates were 71.7%, 74.9% and 68.5%, respectively, in patients with ECOG‐PS 0 compared with 60.1%, 67.8%, and 51.4% respectively, in patients with ECOG‐PS ≥1 (P value 0.08 for RFS, 0.43 for CSS, and <0.001 for OS, respectively).
On multivariable Cox regression analyses, ECOG‐PS was not an independent predictor of either RFS (hazard ratio 1.4; P = 0.107) or CSS (hazard ratio 1.2; P = 0.426) but was an independent predictor of OS (hazard ratio 1.5; P = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
In this large multicentre international study, ECOG‐PS was not significantly associated with RFS and CSS.
Conversely we find a strong association with survival 1‐month after surgery and OS. Further research is needed to ascertain the additive prognostic role of ECOG‐PS in well‐designed prospective multicentre studies.
Symptom profile variability of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome by age
Authors: Rais‐Bahrami Soroush , Friedlander Justin I. , Herati Amin S. , Sadek Mostafa A. , Ruzimovsky Marina , Moldwin Robert M. 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Diagnostic (symptom prevalence)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Symptom variability is profound in the population of patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome because these diagnoses represent a very heterogeneous patient population. Recently, younger patients are being diagnosed with these pain syndromes, without any specific investigation into the symptoms they experience. We identified that patients diagnosed with interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome have variable clinical symptom profiles depending on the age at the time of their diagnosis. Dyspareunia, external genitalia pain, urgency, frequency and dysuria were more common in younger patients whereas nocturia, urinary incontinence and the presence of Hunner's ulcers were more common in older patients. Better defining symptom profiles for patients at the time of evaluation may potentially aid in more accurate and expedited diagnosis of these conditions, particularly in the youngest patient population which is being recognized more commonly in recent times.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical profile differences among patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) based upon age at the time of diagnosis from childhood into the geriatric age group.
METHODS
An analysis of 268 patients with IC/PBS seen between 1990 and 2008 was performed.
Three age cohorts were analysed: <30 years, ≥30 years but <60 years, and ≥60 years of age at time of diagnosis.
Patient demographics, disease characteristics and IC/PBS‐associated symptoms were compared across the three groups.
RESULTS
Of the 268 patients, 60 were <30 years of age at the time of IC diagnosis (median 22, range 11–29), 105 were ≥30 but <60 years (median 48, range 30–59) and 103 patients were ≥60 years of age (median 69, range 60–88).
Of the patients in the youngest, middle and oldest age cohorts: 12.0, 42.0 and 39.8% had Hunner's ulcers, respectively (P < 0.001).
Dyspareunia and external genitalia pain were more common in the youngest age cohort, P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively.
Urinary urgency (P = 0.033), frequency (P = 0.006) and dysuria (P < 0.001) were also more common in patients diagnosed before 30 years of age.
The reported rate of nocturia and urinary incontinence increased with age, P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with IC/PBS analysed across a wide spectrum of ages at time of diagnosis portrayed a unique symptom profile pattern.
Patients diagnosed at the youngest ages experienced significantly more urinary urgency, frequency, dysuria, dyspareunia and pain in their external genitalia.
Older patients had higher rates of nocturia, urinary incontinence and Hunner's ulcer disease.
Trends in urological stone disease
Authors: Turney Benjamin W. , Reynard John M. , Noble Jeremy G. , Keoghane Stephen R. 
Published: September 2011

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?
Urolithiasis is a major clinical and economic burden for health care systems.
International epidemiological data suggest that the incidence and prevalence of stone disease is increasing.
This study demonstrates that the number of diagnoses and procedures relating to kidney stone disease has increased significantly in the last 10 years in the UK.
Management of stone disease comprises a significant and increasing proportion of urological practice in the UK, which has implications for work force planning, training, service delivery and research in this field.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the changes in prevalence and treatment of upper urinary tract stone disease in the UK over the last 10 years.
METHODS
Data from the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) website (http://www.hesonline.nhs.uk) were extracted, summarized and presented.
RESULTS
The number of upper urinary tract stone hospital episodes increased by 63% to 83 050 in the 10‐year period.
The use of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for treating all upper tract stones increased from 14 491 cases in 2000–2001 to 22 402 cases in 2010 (a 55% increase) with a 69% increase in lithotripsy for renal stones.
There was a 127% increase in the number of ureteroscopic stone treatments from 6 283 to 14 242 cases over the 10‐year period with a 49% increase from 2007/2008 to 2009/2010.
There was a decline in open surgery for upper tract stones from 278 cases in 2000/2001 to 47 cases in 2009/2010 (an 83% reduction).
Treatment for stone disease has increased substantially in comparison with other urological activity. In 2009/2010, SWL was performed almost as frequently as transurethral resection of the prostate or transurethral resection of bladder tumour, ureteroscopy for stones was performed more frequently than nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy and cystectomy combined, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed more frequently than cystectomy.
CONCLUSIONS
The present study highlights the increase in prevalence and treatment of stone disease in the UK over the last 10 years.
If this trend continues it has important implications for workforce planning, training, service delivery and research in the field of urolithiasis.
Effect of psychological stress on glucose control in patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Faulenbach M. , Uthoff H. , Schwegler K. , Spinas G. A. , Schmid C. , Wiesli P. 
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 128–131 (2012)AbstractAim  To investigate the effect of acute psychological stress on glucose concentrations in patients with Type 2 diabetes, in the fasting state as well as in the postprandial state.Methods  Thirty patients (12 female) with Type 2 diabetes were included. Mean ± sd age was 60 ± 12 years, BMI 28.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2, diabetes duration 8.9 ± 6.7 years and HbA1c 51 ± 9 mmol/mol (6.8 ± 0.8%). Using a non‐randomized approach, all participants were exposed to moderate psychological stress by means of the Trier Social Stress Test: 10 participants in the fasting state and 20 participants 75 min after intake of a standard meal. Blood pressure, heart rate and salivary cortisol were monitored on the control day and the stress‐test day. Glucose concentrations were assessed using a continuous glucose monitoring system.Results  On the stress‐test day, blood pressure rose from 117/73 ± 13/12 to 155/92 ± 22/14 mmHg, heart rate from 77 ± 11 to 91 ± 25 b min−1 and salivary cortisol concentrations from 8.5 ± 3.7 to 26.4 ± 12.1 nmol/l (P < 0.001); these measurements remained unchanged on the control day. On the stress‐test day, when the Trier Social Stress Test was applied 75 min after the intake of a standard meal, the glucose concentrations were significantly higher compared with the control day (mean difference 1.5 mmol/l, 95% CI 0.5–2.4, P = 0.003). In the fasting state, glucose concentrations slightly decreased during the control day but remained stable on the stress‐test day (mean difference compared with the control day 0.7 mmol/l, 95% CI −0.7 to 2.0, P = 0.31).Conclusions  When stress is experienced in the postprandial period, acute psychological stress significantly increases glucose concentrations in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Assessment of the under‐reporting of diabetes in hospital admission data: a study from the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Authors: Anwar H. , Fischbacher C. M. , Leese G. P. , Lindsay R. S. , McKnight J. A. , Wild S. H. ,   on behalf of the Scottish Diabetes Research Network Epidemiology Group
Published: September 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1514–1519 (2011)AbstractAims  Good quality data are required to plan and evaluate diabetes services and to assess progress against targets for reducing hospital admissions and bed days. The aim of this study was to assess the completeness of recording of diabetes in hospital admissions using recent national data for Scotland.Methods  Data derived from linkage of the Scottish National Diabetes Register and hospital admissions data were analysed to assess the completeness of coding of diabetes in hospital inpatient admissions between 2000 and 2007 for patients identified with diabetes prior to hospital admission.Results  In 2007, only 59% of hospital inpatient admissions for people previously diagnosed with diabetes mentioned diabetes, whereas over 99% of people with a mention of diabetes on hospital records were included in the diabetes register. The completeness of diabetes recording varied from 44 to 82% among mainland National Health Service Boards and from 34 to 89% among large general hospitals. Completeness of recording of diabetes as a co‐morbidity also varied by primary diagnosis: 70 and 41% of admissions with coronary heart disease and cancer as the primary diagnosis mentioned co‐existing diabetes, respectively.Conclusions  There is wide variation in the completeness of recording of diabetes in hospital admission data. Hospital data alone considerably underestimate the number of admissions and bed days but overestimate length of stay for people with diabetes. Linkage of diabetes register data to hospital admissions data provides a more accurate source for measuring hospital admissions among people diagnosed with diabetes than hospital admissions data.