bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of architecture with excimer emission in 100% pyrene‐labeled self‐assembled polymers
Authors: Kaushlendra K. , Deepak V. D. , Asha S. K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPyrene was incorporated as pendant unit to side‐chain urethane methacrylate polymers having a short ethyleneoxy or a long polyethyleneoxy spacer segment. The short‐spacer pyrene urethane methacrylate was also incorporated either as block or random copolymer (1:9) along with polystyrene. The excimer emission was observed to be different for different polymers with the random copolymer exhibiting the lowest efficiency. But, the total quantum yield was highest (ϕ = 0.58) for random copolymer due to the high emission coefficient of monomer compared to that of excimer. The polymer dynamics were compared by steady state emission and fluorescence decay in THF or THF/water (9:1) solvent mixture and films. The solid state decay profile showed decay without a rise time indicating presence of ground state aggregates. In THF/water (9:1), the decay profile at the excimer emission (500 nm) showed a rise time indicating dynamic excimers. The evolution of excimeric emission centred ∼430 or ∼480 nm as a function of temperature was also studied in THF/water (9:1). The IE/IM ratio for the λ343 nm excitation exhibited steady increase with temperature with the block copolymer PS‐b‐PIHP exhibiting the highest ratio and highest rate of increase; whereas, the random copolymer PS‐r‐PIHP had the lowest IE/IM ratios. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Solid‐state NMR as a tool to describe and quantify the morphology of photoactive layers used in plastic solar cells
Authors: Mens Raoul , Bertho Sabine , Chambon Sylvain , D'Haen Jan , Lutsen Laurence , Manca Jean , Gelan Jan , Vanderzande Dirk , Adriaensens Peter 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe optimization and control of the nanomorphology of thin films used as active layer in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) plastic solar cells is of key importance for a better understanding of the photovoltaic mechanisms and for increasing the device performances. Hereto, solid‐state NMR relaxation experiments have been evaluated to describe the film morphology of one of the “work‐horse” systems poly(2‐methoxy‐5‐(3′,7′‐dimethyloctyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene‐vinylene)/[6, 6]‐phenyl‐C61butyric acid methyl ester (MDMO‐PPV/PCBM) in a quantitative way. Attention is focused on the influence of the processing solvent (toluene vs. chlorobenzene), the blend composition, and the casting technique, that is, spin coating versus doctor blading. It is demonstrated that independently of the solvent and casting technique, part of the PCBM becomes phase separated from the mixed phase. Whereas casting from toluene results in the development of well‐defined PCBM crystallites, casting from chlorobenzene leads to the formation of PCBM‐rich domains that contain substructures of weakly organized PCBM nanoclusters. The amount and physico‐chemical state of the phase separated PCBM is quantified by solid‐state NMR relaxation times experiments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Block copolymer containing poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and poly(4‐vinylpyridine): Synthesis and its interaction with CdSe quantum dots for hybrid organic applications
Authors: Palaniappan Kumaranand , Hundt Nadia , Sista Prakash , Nguyen Hien , Hao Jing , Bhatt Mahesh P. , Han Yun‐Yue , Schmiedel Elizabeth A. , Sheina Elena E. , Biewer Michael C. , Stefan Mihaela C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPoly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer was synthesized by RAFT polymerization of 4‐vinyl pyridine using a trithiocarbonate‐terminated poly(3‐hexylthiophene) macro‐RAFT agent. The optoelectronic properties and the morphology of the block copolymer blends with CdSe quantum dots were investigated. UV‐vis and fluorescence experiments were performed to prove the charge transfer between CdSe and poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐b‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) diblock copolymer. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Preparation and characterization of Ag‐deposited aminosilane‐modified silicate by chemical reduction method
Authors: Wu K. H. , Chang Y. C. , Zheng M. Z. , Yang C. C. , Lin W. P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNanocomposites based on silver (Ag) and organically modified silicate (Ormosil) were prepared by an in situ reduction method, in which silver nitrate, tetraethoxysilane and N‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]diethylenetriamine (ATS) acted as precursor, linker, and colloidal suspension stabilizer, respectively. The objective of the study was to produce silver nanoparticles through AgNO3 chemical reduction in a continuous media, in which aminosilanes act as superficial modifiers of Ag nanoparticles, inhibiting their growth and preventing aggregation. The physical properties of the Ormosil/Ag composites were examined using NMR, electron spin resonance, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and thermal gravimetric analysis spectroscopy, the results of which indicated that Ag was incorporated in the Ormosil matrix after impregnation. The Ag content and surface morphology of the Ormosil/Ag composites depended on the initial concentration of AgNO3. The antibacterial effects of the Ormosil/Ag composites were assessed by the zone of inhibition and plate‐counting methods, and an excellent antibacterial performance was discovered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Structure—Property relationships for exciton transfer in conjugated polymers
Authors: Andrew Trisha L. , Swager Timothy M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe ability of conjugated polymers to function as electronic materials is dependent on the efficient transport of excitons along the polymer chain. Generally, the photophysics of the chromophore monomer dictate the excited state behavior of the corresponding conjugated polymers. Different molecular structures are examined to study the role of excited state lifetimes and molecular conformations on energy transfer. The incorporation of rigid, three‐dimensional scaffolds, such as iptycenes and cyclophanes, can encourage an oblique packing of the chromophore units of a conjugated polymer, thus allowing the formation of electronically‐coupled aggregates that retain high quantum yields of emission. Rigid iptycene scaffolds also act as excellent structural directors that encourage complete solvation of PPEs in a liquid crystal (LC) solvent. LC‐PPE mixtures display both an enhanced conformational alignment of polymer chains and extended effective conjugation lengths relative to isotropic solutions, which leads to enhanced energy transfer. Facile exciton migration in poly(p‐phenylene ethynylene)s (PPEs) allows energy absorbed over large areas to be funneled into traps created by the binding of analytes, resulting in signal amplification in sensory devices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Hydration‐mediated effects of saccharide stereochemistry on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel swelling
Authors: Manukovsky Nurit , Shpigelman Avi , Edelman Ravit , Livney Yoav D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTo shed new light on the mechanisms of saccharide stereochemistry effect on macromolecules in aqueous solutions, we studied the effect of three monosaccharide stereoisomers, glucose, galactose, and mannose, on the swelling of Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogels. We equilibrated PNIPA hydrogels in sugar solutions of different concentrations at 25 °C, and determined gel volume and mass swelling ratios, and sugar concentration imbalance. The volume‐phase‐transition occurred at molal concentrations of 0.587 ± 0.004 (galactose), 0.724 ± 0.003 (glucose), and 0.846 ± 0.004 (mannose). The same order of sugars emerged for the gel‐swelling and the magnitude of the sugar concentration‐imbalance, which correlated with sugar isentropic molar compressibility and hydration number. The more hydrated the sugar, the worse a cosolvent it is for the polymer, hence the larger the deswelling and the more negative the sugar concentration imbalance. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
The phase behavior of a polymer‐fullerene bulk heterojunction system that contains bimolecular crystals
Authors: Cates Nichole , Gysel Roman , Miller Chad E. , Verploegen Eric , Beiley Zach , Heeney Martin , McCulloch Iain , Bao Zhenan , Toney Michael F. , McGehee Michael D. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractPolymer:fullerene blends have been widely studied as an inexpensive alternative to traditional silicon solar cells. Some polymer:fullerene blends, such as blends of poly(2,5‐bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (pBTTT) with phenyl‐c71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), form bimolecular crystals due to fullerene intercalation between the polymer side chains. Here we present the determination of the eutectic pBTTT:PC71BM phase diagram using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and two‐dimensional grazing incidence X‐ray scattering (2D GIXS) with in‐situ thermal annealing. The phase diagram explains why the most efficient pBTTT:PC71BM solar cells have 75–80 wt % PC71BM since these blends lie in the center of the only room‐temperature phase region containing both electron‐conducting (PC71BM) and hole‐conducting (bimolecular crystal) phases. We show that intercalation can be suppressed in 50:50 pBTTT:PC71BM blends by using rapid thermal annealing to heat the blends above the eutectic temperature, which forces PC71BM out of the bimolecular crystal, followed by quick cooling to kinetically trap the pure PC71BM phase. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Self‐reported cognitive functioning in postmenopausal breast cancer patients before and during endocrine treatment: findings from the neuropsychological TEAM side‐study
Authors: Schilder C. M. T. , Seynaeve C. , Linn S. C. , Boogerd W. , Beex L. V. A. M. , Gundy C. M. , Nortier J. W. R. , van de Velde C. J. H. , van Dam F. S. A. M. , Schagen S. B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective: This study aimed to evaluate self‐reported cognitive functioning of postmenopausal breast cancer patients before and during endocrine treatment compared with healthy female controls, and to investigate associations between self‐reported cognitive functioning, cognitive test performance and anxiety/depression, fatigue, and menopausal complaints.Methods: Self‐reported cognitive functioning, anxiety/depression, fatigue, menopausal complaints, and cognitive tests performance were assessed before (T1) and after 1 year (T2) of adjuvant endocrine treatment in postmenopausal chemotherapy‐naïve breast cancer patients. Self‐reported cognitive functioning was assessed by the cognitive failures questionnaire and interview questions concerning cognitive complaints. Patients participated in the TEAM‐trial, a prospective randomized study investigating tamoxifen versus exemestane as adjuvant therapy for hormone‐sensitive breast cancer. Identical information was obtained from healthy postmenopausal volunteers.Results: Two measures for self‐reported cognitive functioning provided the distinctive results. At T1 and T2, healthy controls reported a higher frequency of cognitive failures than patients; change over time did not differ between groups. The prevalence of cognitive complaints did not differ between the groups at T1, but change over time regarding attention/concentration complaints differed between groups, due to an increased prevalence in tamoxifen users. Self‐reported cognitive functioning showed moderate associations with anxiety/depression, fatigue, and menopausal complaints. Cognitive test performance was not associated with self‐reported cognitive functioning, but weakly with anxiety/depression and fatigue.Conclusion: Adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen and exemestane did not influence the self‐reported frequency of cognitive failures. Increased attention/concentration complaints were observed in tamoxifen users, but not in exemestane users. This latter finding should be confirmed with better validated instruments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The faster the better?—A systematic review on distress in the diagnostic phase of suspected cancer, and the influence of rapid diagnostic pathways
Authors: Brocken Pepijn , Prins Judith B. , Dekhuijzen P. N. Richard , van der Heijden Henricus F. M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective: To perform a systematic review of articles published in the last 25 years on prevalence and course of distress and quality of life surrounding the diagnostic process of suspected cancer, and the influence of rapid diagnostic programs.Methods: Twenty‐three articles were identified via Pubmed, PsycINFO, and reference lists of articles. Except for three randomized clinical trials and one case control study all studies were uncontrolled cohort studies.Results: Most studies involved patients with suspected breast cancer and therefore had a sex selection bias. Four studies on the effect of rapid outpatient diagnostic programs were found. Studies showed very high prevalence of anxiety, decreasing in case of a benign diagnosis but increasing or sustaining in patients waiting for results or after cancer diagnosis though not significantly more in rapid programs. Quality of life was low and showed varying patterns.Conclusions: Distress in the diagnostic phase of cancer is a major problem and the rapid decrease of anxiety in patients eventually not diagnosed with cancer suggests a benefit of rapid diagnostic programs. The available evidence however is limited and shows some inconsistencies. Studies differ in subjects, objective and are limited by quality and quantity. Conflicting results prohibit a conclusion on patients ultimately diagnosed with cancer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of guidelines for distress management in Korean cancer patients
Authors: Yu Eun‐Seung , Shim Eun Jung , Kim Ha Kyoung , Hahm Bong‐Jin , Park Jong‐Hyock , Kim Jong‐Heun 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectives: Psychological distress is common in cancer patients, and the need to develop a system for assessing and managing distress is widely recognized. This project developed recommendations that are feasible for Korean cancer patients and the Korean healthcare system.Methods: Based on the findings from a series of studies in the context of this project, we developed guidelines following the steps and parameters recommended by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). The Development Group consisted of individuals from several professions, including psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses, social workers, a health policy expert, and a methodologist. Opinions from various healthcare providers, patients, and related societies were also reflected in the guidelines.Results: The main recommendations for distress management in cancer patients were the following: (1) a concept of distress in Korean cancer patients, screening tools, management algorithms, and triage approaches was developed and (2) four symptom‐specific guidelines with management algorithms were proposed for depression, anxiety, insomnia, and delirium.Conclusion: This is the first effort to develop recommendations for distress management in psycho‐oncology in Korea. These guidelines offer standards for psychosocial care for cancer patients in Korea. We have made a significant step toward integrated cancer care that incorporates the psychosocial care of patients as an essential component of patient care in a Korean oncology context. This version will be updated constantly to keep up with emerging evidence from empirical research and clinical experience. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implications of a needs assessment intervention for people with progressive cancer: Impact on clinical assessment, response and service utilisation
Authors: Waller Amy , Girgis Afaf , Johnson Claire , Lecathelinais Christophe , Sibbritt David , Seldon Michael , Bonaventura Tony , Currow David ,   on behalf of the Palliative Care Research Program team
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjective: To assess the impact of the systematic use of the Palliative Care Needs Assessment Guidelines and Needs Assessment Tool: Progressive Disease‐Cancer (NAT: PD‐C) on clinical assessment, response and service utilisation.Study setting: Three major oncology treatment centres in NSW, Australia.Study design: Between March 2007 and December 2009, 219 people with advanced cancer were recruited to complete bi‐monthly telephone interviews. The intervention, introduced after at least two baseline interviews, involved training health professionals to complete the NAT: PD‐C with patients approximately monthly.Data collection: Rates of service use and referrals were compared pre‐ and post‐introduction of the NAT: PD‐C. Rates of completion of the tool; its impact on consultation length; and the types of needs and follow‐up care to address these were also assessed.Principal findings: The NAT: PD‐C had a high rate of completion; identified needs consistent with those self‐reported by patients in interviews; and did not alter consultation length. No changes in the number of health professionals seen by patients were found pre‐ and post‐intervention.Conclusion: The NAT: PD‐C is an efficient and acceptable strategy for supporting needs‐based cancer care that can potentially be incorporated into standard routine care without increasing the burden on care providers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Room Temperature Sputtered High Conductive and High Transparent Indium Zinc Oxide Film Contacts on the Performance of Orange, Green, and Blue Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Gonçalves Gonçalo , Grasso Valentina , Barquinha Pedro , Pereira Luís , Elamurugu Elangovan , Brignone Mauro , Martins Rodrigo , Lambertini Vito , Fortunato Elvira 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe core of this paper concerns the use of an amorphous transparent conductive oxide (a‐TCO), whose performance is on par with the classical indium tin oxide (ITO) films as a transparent contact in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The main advantage of indium zinc oxide (IZO) films relies on their amorphous structure and high mobility that turns them likely to be used with high conductivity and high transmittance even at the infrared region. The mobility of IZO films (47.8 cm2 · V−1 · s−1) surpasses the one exhibited by ITO films (26.4 cm2 · V−1 · s−1), which along with its smoother surface and better current distribution plays an important role on OLEDs performance. Besides their similar turn‐on voltage, the devices using IZO anodes exhibit higher power efficiency than the ITO ones, which is 66, 18, and 62% for orange, green, and blue OLEDs, respectively. These results suggest that IZO can potentially be applied as an anode in full color displays based on OLEDs. magnified image
The Properties of Multilayer CrCN/CrN Coatings Dependent on Their Architecture
Authors: Warcholinski Bogdan , Gilewicz Adam 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCrN based multilayer coatings are possible replacements for chromium nitride monolayer coating because of their good mechanical and chemical properties. This paper reports an investigation of CrCN/CrN coatings deposited on HS6‐5‐2 steel substrate using cathodic arc evaporation. The investigated coatings of the total thickness of ca. 2.5 µm were composed of six bilayers, each of them with alternating CrCN and CrN layers. The thickness of the bilayer was ca. 400 nm and the ratio of layer thickness partition (CrCN/CrN) was 1:5, 1:2 and 1:1. The chemical composition was determined with the EDS method. The microstructure of thin films was examined with the SEM. A micro Vickers hardness tester and pin‐on‐disc wear tests were used to determine the hardness and tribological properties of the coatings: the coefficient of the friction and wear rate. In order to assess the adhesion of the coatings to the substrate, the scratch test and Rockwell test were applied. All the coatings investigated are characterized by a good adhesion which decreases with the rise of the CrCN layer thickness in the bilayer. When the CrCN layer thickness in bilayer rises, the hardness and compressive stress increase, but the wear rate decreases. magnified image
Permafrost thermal regime from two 30‐m deep boreholes in southern victoria land, antarctica
Authors: Guglielmin Mauro , Balks Megan R. , Adlam Leah S. , Baio Fabio 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTTwo 30‐m deep permafrost temperature‐monitoring boreholes were installed in bedrock, one at Marble Point and one in the Wright Valley, in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. A soil climate‐monitoring station in till is located near each borehole. The ground surface temperature (GST) was highly correlated with the air temperature at both sites in 2008. Thermal offsets were small (< 1 °C) in the till and negligible in the boreholes. The active layer was thicker in the boreholes than in the till, presumably because of the higher thermal diffusivity of the rock. The measured depth of zero annual temperature amplitude was around 27 m at Wright Valley and 25 m at Marble Point. Permafrost thickness was estimated at about 680 m at Wright Valley and 490 m at Marble Point. The GST history, reconstructed using an inversion procedure, suggests a slight cooling from 1998 to 2003 followed by a slight warming to 2008. Longer temperature records or deeper boreholes would be required to establish if long‐term climate change has occurred. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotope characterisation of ground ice in northern Canada
Authors: Michel F. A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis paper reviews isotopic research on the characterisation and identification of various types of ground ice throughout the Canadian Arctic, including buried glacier ice, massive segregated ice, segregated ice lenses and offshore ice‐rich permafrost, as well as ice related to other cold‐region phenomena such as ice wedges, icings (aufeis), frost blisters and pingos. The formational age of ground ice bodies ranges from recent (seasonal ice in the active layer) to tens of thousands of years, when the region experienced widespread continental‐scale glaciation. Modern ice lenses generally have 18O/16O ratios of ‐18 to ‐22‰, while modern ice wedges usually range from ‐22 to ‐25‰. δ18O values as high as ‐14‰ are representative of the Hypsithermal period (4000 to 8000 years BP), while glacial‐age ice has been measured with 18O/16O ratios as low as ‐36‰. Buried glacier ice often preserves climatic variations from the time of snow deposition. Other massive ground ice bodies contain isotopic signatures (18O and 2H) that indicate variable fractionation of the isotopes during freezing of the source water at stationary freezing fronts in either open or closed systems. Placing the ice bodies into a time frame can be accomplished either through age dating of the enclosing sediments and encased organics, or by direct dating of the ice utilising tritium (3H) for relatively young ice and radiocarbon (14C) analysis of contained gas bubbles for older ice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.