bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Adults in Shanghai
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Wei , Jiang Qing Wu , Li Yan Yun , Zhao Gen Ming , Shi Liang , Yang Qun Di , Ruan Ye , Jiang Junyi , Zhang Sheng Nian , Xu Wang Hong , Zhong Wei Jian 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to determine the secular trend in prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Shanghai, China.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Two consecutive population-based surveys for type 2 diabetes were conducted in randomly selected adults aged 35–74 years in Shanghai in 2002–2003 (n = 12,329) and in 2009 (n = 7,423). Diagnosed type 2 diabetes was determined based on self-report, whereas those undiagnosed were identified by measured fasting and postload glucose according to 2009 American Diabetes Association criteria.

RESULTS
Age-standardized prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes increased from 5.1 and 4.6% in 2002–2003 to 7.4 and 5.2% in 2009. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes increased with age and was higher among men and in urban residents in both surveys (P &lt; 0.001). Between the two surveys, the increase in the prevalence was more evident in the rural population (P &lt; 0.001) and appeared more rapid in younger birth cohorts (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that Shanghai has experienced an increasing burden of type 2 diabetes.
Systematic Assessment of Etiology in Adults With a Clinical Diagnosis of Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Is a Successful Strategy for Identifying Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young
Authors: Thanabalasingham Gaya , Pal Aparna , Selwood Mary P. , Dudley Christina , Fisher Karen , Bingley Polly J. , Ellard Sian , Farmer Andrew J. , McCarthy Mark I. , Owen Katharine R. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
Misdiagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) remains widespread, despite the benefits of optimized management. This cross-sectional study examined diagnostic misclassification of MODY in subjects with clinically labeled young adult-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes by extending genetic testing beyond current guidelines.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Individuals were selected for diagnostic sequencing if they displayed features atypical for their diagnostic label. From 247 case subjects with clinically labeled type 1 diabetes, we sequenced hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 α (HNF1A) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4A) in 20 with residual β-cell function ≥3 years from diagnosis (random or glucagon-stimulated C-peptide ≥0.2 nmol/L). From 322 with clinically labeled type 2 diabetes, we sequenced HNF1A and HNF4A in 80 with diabetes diagnosed ≤30 years and/or diabetes diagnosed ≤45 years without metabolic syndrome. We also sequenced the glucokinase (GCK) in 40 subjects with mild fasting hyperglycemia.

RESULTS
In the type 1 diabetic group, two HNF1A mutations were found (0.8% prevalence). In type 2 diabetic subjects, 10 HNF1A, two HNF4A, and one GCK mutation were identified (4.0%). Only 47% of MODY case subjects identified met current guidelines for diagnostic sequencing. Follow-up revealed a further 12 mutation carriers among relatives. Twenty-seven percent of newly identified MODY subjects changed treatment, all with improved glycemic control (HbA1c 8.8 vs. 7.3% at 3 months; P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
The systematic use of widened diagnostic testing criteria doubled the numbers of MODY case subjects identified compared with current clinical practice. The yield was greatest in young adult-onset type 2 diabetes. We recommend that all patients diagnosed before age 30 and with presence of C-peptide at 3 years' duration are considered for molecular diagnostic analysis.
Effect of Longitudinal Changes in Visceral Fat Area and Other Anthropometric Indices to the Changes in Metabolic Risk Factors in Japanese Men
Authors: Matsushita Yumi , Nakagawa Toru , Yamamoto Shuichiro , Takahashi Yoshihiko , Yokoyama Tetsuji , Mizoue Tetsuya , Noda Mitsuhiko 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
The effects of longitudinal changes in the visceral fat area (VFA), and other anthropometric indices, on the risk factors of metabolic syndrome were not studied. We calculated the changes in metabolic risk factors in relation to changes in certain anthropometric indices in a large-scale study of Japanese men.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The subjects were 1,106 men participating in the Hitachi Health Study who received a computed tomography examination in both 2004 and 2007. VFA, subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and waist circumference were measured using the computed tomography. We examined how longitudinal changes in each anthropometric index over a 3-year period influenced the value of each metabolic risk factor.

RESULTS
Changes (∆) over a 3-year period in body weight, SFA, and waist circumference strongly correlated, while the changes in body weight and VFA were weakly correlated. Changes in the VFA were associated with changes in metabolic risk factors, especially changes in triglyceride and HDL; we found these changes to be independent of the ∆body weight and ∆waist circumference.

CONCLUSIONS
Change in body weight is not a precise surrogate marker of ∆VFA, and repeated VFA measurements over time are useful. Adopting a lifestyle that does not increase the VFA is important in preventing metabolic syndrome.
Does Diabetes Care Differ by Type of Chronic Comorbidity?
Authors: Pentakota Sri Ram , Rajan Mangala , Fincke B. Graeme , Tseng Chin-Lin , Miller Donald R. , Christiansen Cindy L. , Kerr Eve A. , Pogach Leonard M. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the relationship between diabetes care and types of comorbidity, classified by the degree to which their treatment is concordant with that for diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Retrospective cohort study (fiscal year [FY] 2001 to FY 2004) of 42,826 veterans with new-onset diabetes in FY 2003. Veterans were classified into five chronic comorbid illness groups (CCIGs): none, concordant only, discordant only, both concordant and discordant, and dominant. Five diabetes-related care measures were assessed in FY 2004 (guideline-consistent testing and treatment goals for HbA1c and LDL cholesterol and diabetes-related outpatient visits). Analyses included logistic regressions adjusting for age, race, sex, marital status, priority code, and interaction between CCIGs and visit frequency.

RESULTS
Only 20% of patients had no comorbidities. Mean number of visits per year ranged from 7.8 (no CCIG) to 17.5 (dominant CCIG). In unadjusted analyses, presence of any illness was associated with equivalent or better care. In the fully adjusted model, we found interaction between CCIG and visit frequency. When visits were &lt;7 per year, the odds of meeting the goal of HbA1c &lt;8% were similar in the concordant (odds ratio 0.96 [95% CI 0.83–1.11]) and lower in the discordant (0.90 [0.81–0.99]) groups compared with the no comorbidity group. Among patients with &gt;24 visits per year, these odds were insignificant. Dominant CCIG was associated with substantially reduced care for glycemic control for all visit categories and for lipid management at all but the highest visit category.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study indicates that diabetes care varies by types of comorbidity. Concordant illnesses result in similar or better care, regardless of visit frequency. Discordant illnesses are associated with diminished care: an effect that decreases as visit frequency increases.
Reversibility of Fenofibrate Therapy–Induced Renal Function Impairment in ACCORD Type 2 Diabetic Participants
Authors: Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Craven Timothy , Nayak Uma , Buse John , Crouse John R. , Elam Marshall , Kirchner Kent , Lorber Daniel , Marcovina Santica , Sivitz William , Sperl-Hillen JoAnn , Bonds Denise E. , Ginsberg Henry N. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
To assess the reversibility of the elevation of serum creatinine levels in patients with diabetes after 5 years of continuous on-trial fenofibrate therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
An on-drug/off-drug ancillary study to the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Lipid Trial to investigate posttrial changes in serum creatinine and cystatin C. Eligible participants were recruited into a prospective, nested, three-group study based on retrospective on-trial serum creatinine levels: fenofibrate case subjects (n = 321, ≥20% increase after 3 months of therapy); fenofibrate control subjects (n = 175, ≤2% increase); and placebo control subjects (n = 565). Serum creatinine and cystatin C were measured at trial end and 6–8 weeks after discontinuation of trial therapy.

RESULTS
At trial end, case subjects had the highest adjusted serum creatinine (± SE) mg/dL (1.11 ± 0.02) and the lowest adjusted estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (± SE) mL/min/1.73 m2 (68.4 ± 1.0) versus control subjects (1.01 ± 0.02; 74.8 ± 1.3) and placebo subjects (0.98 ± 0.01; 77.8 ± 0.7). After 51 days off-drug, serum creatinine in case subjects was still higher (0.97 ± 0.02) and eGFR still lower (77.8 ± 1.0) than control subjects (0.90 ± 0.02; 81.8 ± 1.3) but not different from placebo subjects (0.99 ± 0.01; 76.6 ± 0.7). Changes in serum cystatin C recapitulated the serum creatinine changes.

CONCLUSIONS
Participants with significant initial on-trial increases in serum creatinine (≥20%) returned to the same level of renal function as participants receiving placebo while participants who had ≤2% increase in serum creatinine had net preservation of renal function compared with the same unselected placebo reference group. The fenofibrate-associated on-trial increases in serum creatinine were reversible, and the reversal was complete after 51 days off-drug. The similarity of the cystatin C results suggests that the mechanism of this change is not specific for serum creatinine.
Impact of Hypoglycemia Associated With Antihyperglycemic Medications on Vascular Risks in Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhao Yingnan , Campbell Claudia R. , Fonseca Vivian , Shi Lizheng 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
Hypoglycemia is associated with failure to show cardiovascular benefit and increased mortality of intensive glycemic control in randomized clinical trials. This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine the impact of hypoglycemia on vascular events in clinical practice.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patients with type 2 diabetes were identified by ICD-9-CM codes (250.xx except for 250.x1 and 250.x3) between 1 January 2004 and 1 September 2010 from the Veterans Integrated Service Network 16. Index date was defined as the first date of new antihyperglycemic medications (index treatment). Patients with 1-year preindex records of hypoglycemia, cardiovascular, and microvascular diseases were excluded. The hypoglycemia group was identified by ICD-9-CM codes (250.8, 251.0, 251.1, and 251.2) within the index treatment period. A propensity score–matched group was used as control subjects. Cardiovascular events, microvascular complications, and all-cause death were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model.

RESULTS
Among the unmatched sample (N = 44,261), the hypoglycemia incidence rate was 3.57/100 patient-years. The matched sample (hypoglycemia group: n = 761; control group: n = 761) had a median follow-up of 3.93 years, mean age of 62.6 ± 11.0 years, and preindex HbA1c of 10.69 ± 2.61%. The 1-year change in HbA1c was similar (hypoglycemia group −0.51 vs. control group −0.32%, P = 0.7244). The hypoglycemia group had significantly higher risks of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 2.00 [95% CI 1.63–2.44]) and microvascular complications (1.76 [1.46–2.11]) but no statistical mortality difference. Patients with at least two hypoglycemic episodes were at higher risks of vascular events than those with one episode (1.53 [1.10–1.66]).

CONCLUSIONS
Hypoglycemia is associated with higher risks of incident vascular events. Patients with hypoglycemia should be monitored closely for vascular events.
Relationship of Dopamine Type 2 Receptor Binding Potential With Fasting Neuroendocrine Hormones and Insulin Sensitivity in Human Obesity
Authors: Dunn Julia P. , Kessler Robert M. , Feurer Irene D. , Volkow Nora D. , Patterson Bruce W. , Ansari Mohammad S. , Li Rui , Marks-Shulman Pamela , Abumrad Naji N. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
Midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, which are involved with reward and motivation, are modulated by hormones that regulate food intake (insulin, leptin, and acyl ghrelin [AG]). We hypothesized that these hormones are associated with deficits in DA signaling in obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We assessed the relationships between fasting levels of insulin and leptin, and AG, BMI, and insulin sensitivity index (SI) with the availability of central DA type 2 receptor (D2R). We measured D2R availability using positron emission tomography and [18F]fallypride (radioligand that competes with endogenous DA) in lean (n = 8) and obese (n = 14) females. Fasting hormones were collected prior to scanning and SI was determined by modified oral glucose tolerance test.

RESULTS
Parametric image analyses revealed associations between each metabolic measure and D2R. The most extensive findings were negative associations of AG with clusters involving the striatum and inferior temporal cortices. Regional regression analyses also found extensive negative relationships between AG and D2R in the caudate, putamen, ventral striatum (VS), amygdala, and temporal lobes. SI was negatively associated with D2R in the VS, while insulin was not. In the caudate, BMI and leptin were positively associated with D2R availability. The direction of associations of leptin and AG with D2R availability are consistent with their opposite effects on DA levels (decreasing and increasing, respectively). After adjusting for BMI, AG maintained a significant relationship in the VS. We hypothesize that the increased D2R availability in obese subjects reflects relatively reduced DA levels competing with the radioligand.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide evidence for an association between the neuroendocrine hormones and DA brain signaling in obese females.
Insulin Requirements in Type 1 Diabetic Pregnancy
Authors: Callesen Nicoline F. , Ringholm Lene , Stage Edna , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: March 2012

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the insulin requirements in women with type 1 diabetes during twin pregnancy compared with singleton pregnancy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
At 8, 14, 21, 27, and 33 gestational weeks, insulin requirements and HbA1c were compared between 15 twin pregnant women from 2000 to 2011 and 108 singleton pregnant women from 2004 to 2006.

RESULTS
In twin pregnancies, the weekly increase in daily insulin dose between 14 and 27 weeks was higher than in singleton pregnancies (median 3.0 international units [IU] [range 0.9–4.9] versus 1.5 IU [−1.5 to 5.9]; P = 0.008) and remained stable from 27 to 33 weeks. The increment in total insulin requirement from before pregnancy until 33 weeks tended to be higher in twin pregnancies (103% [36–257%] versus 71% [−20 to 276%]; P = 0.07). Throughout pregnancy, HbA1c was similar in twin and singleton pregnancies.

CONCLUSIONS
In twin pregnancies, the weekly increase in insulin dose between 14 and 27 weeks was doubled compared with singleton pregnancies.
Method of Building Mobile Organizations in Poland
Authors: Masłyk-Musiał Ewa 
Published: March 2012

Method of Building Mobile Organizations in PolandWe analyse concept of mobile organization which are characterized by personal approach to employees, strategies activating intellectual capital, open and interactive attitude focusing on values like teamwork and trust. Thanks to this, organizations in motion are effective in uncertainty, are better protected against losing and in case of difficulties can faster move on to the winning cycle again. In our project the main question to answer was - if there are any relationships between possessing features of a "young mobile and organization" and its competitive advantage. Based on the theory of managing change [4] it is shown that relationships between strategy, change and managerial competences are crucial for effective change implementation. From the viewpoint of management practice, the indexes developed and presented in this paper can be used to measure youth potential as well can be applied to analyse organizational change and improve the understanding of change among managers. They can be used in organizational audits. Using the indexes, organizations can be divided into Mobile Organizations, open to the environment, that can serve as models to others, and organizations that are more closed, immobile, with low youth potential. The latter require organizational revival projects to be prepared and implemented.
Information and Knowledge Management as a New Phase in Management Theory Development
Authors: Kisielnicki Jerzy 
Published: March 2012

Information and Knowledge Management as a New Phase in Management Theory DevelopmentThe article presents the following hypothesis: currently we are witnessing a creation of a new management concept in organizational science and management. This concept, which was created after the system concept, can be called the information or knowledge management concept. It was created and is developing due to the development of IT (Information Technology). It is the result of a certain need connected with the development of management science and progress in economical sciences and IT technologies. Problems of electronic economy, the most dynamically developing branch of global economy, require quite a different approach than in current management methods. Therefore the development of this concept is linked with the development of IT and management methods connected with it.
Abductive Reasoning Driven Approach to Project - Like Production Flow Prototyping
Authors: Bocewicz Grzegorz , Banaszak Zbigniew 
Published: March 2012

Abductive Reasoning Driven Approach to Project - Like Production Flow PrototypingConstraint Programming (CP) is an emergent software technology for declarative description and effective solving of large combinatorial problems especially in the area of integrated production planning. In that context, CP can be considered as an appropriate framework for development of decision making software supporting scheduling of multi-robot in a multi-product job shop. The paper deals with multi-resource problem in which more than one shared renewable and non-renewable resource type may be required by manufacturing operation and the availability of each type is time-windows limited. The problem belongs to a class of NP-complete ones. The aim of the paper is to present a knowledge based and CLP-driven approach to multi-robot task allocation providing a prompt service to a set of routine queries stated both in straight and reverse way. Provided examples illustrate both cases while taking into account an accurate as well as an uncertain specification of robots and workers operation time.
Management Efficiency
Authors: Pawłowski Marek , Piątkowski Zdzisław , Żebrowski Wojciech 
Published: March 2012

Management EfficiencyModern management process may be viewed as one constant series of decision making and creation of conditions for effective decision realization. In the process of organizing it is important to verify the organization effectiveness and implement corrections in order to maintain or increase this effectiveness. For the purpose of situation diagnosis and improvement of organization's results, the three-efficiency-levels approach is used (organization level, process level, workstation level). Degree of decision effectiveness (efficiency) will depend on rationality of the problem solving process. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the primary and supporting goals as well as strategies for their realization and to take care of the quality of organization's internal activities, which includes full readiness for cooperation and flexibility towards changes.
Project Realization Scheduling and its Multi Criteria Evaluation
Authors: Witkowski Tadeusz , Antczak Paweł , Antczak Arkadiusz 
Published: March 2012

Project Realization Scheduling and its Multi Criteria EvaluationThe paper focuses on project scheduling classification issues according to the type of constraints and optimization directions. Special attention was paid to production scheduling, presenting the basic issues in relation with product flow organizational criterion. Open-cluster issue was formulated and analyzed with the use of modern heuristics. Solution was evaluated with multiple criteria, mainly on the basis of time characteristics. Production process flow relations, in coordinates determined by operation sequence at particular workplaces, as well as the production type factor were presented.
Information Security Aspect of Operational Risk Management
Authors: Zawiła-Niedźwiecki Janusz , Byczkowski Maciej 
Published: March 2012

Information Security Aspect of Operational Risk ManagementImproving organization means on the one hand searching for adequate product (service) matched to the market, on the other hand shaping the ability to react on risks caused by that activity. The second should consist of identifying and estimating types of risk, and consequently creating solutions securing from possible forms of it's realization (disturbances), following rules of rational choice of security measures as seen in their relation to costs and effectiveness. Activities of creating the security measures should be organized as constantly developing and perfecting and as such they need formal place in organizational structure and rules of management
Women Scientists in Gender Oriented Research
Authors: Chudzicka Jadwiga 
Published: March 2012

Women Scientists in Gender Oriented ResearchThe aim of the article is to present and analyze the results of the questionnaire research performed in Poland between November of 2006 and February of 2007 as well as to discuss their meaning for product design and manufacturing management. The project aimed at clarifying the process of how the women scientists are engaged in technological and R&D response to the needs of women end-users. The study examined economic and socio-cultural factors that influence gender-specific end-user interaction with women researchers by comparing and analyzing gender equality in R&D in the case of agricultural implementations for rural applications.
Integration and Availibility of Data - Paradigms and Applications
Authors: Prokopczuk Robert 
Published: March 2012

Integration and Availibility of Data - Paradigms and ApplicationsThe problem of modern organization is not only information gathering but also its appropriate distribution within an organization. It is difficult to meet without appropriate computer based information system. The paper deals with making data available in computer based system for management purposes. There are discussed advantages and disadvantages of the Internet technologies from business process point of view.
Study on the quality of wines produced from ‘Syrah’ and ‘Tempranillo’ cultivars planted in two microregions in Southern Bulgaria
Authors: Angelov Lyudmil , Stalev Boyan 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
In the period 2006-2008 a comparative study was carried out on the ‘Tempranillo’, ‘Syrah 99’ and ‘Syrah 100’ cultivars, grown in two microregions in Southern Bulgaria - Brestnik and Pesnopoy. The soils in the region of Pesnopoy are of a better mechanical and chemical composition, which preconditions the formation of relatively high yields of good quality grapes. The ‘Tempranillo’ cultivar was highly productive in both microregions, however the quality of the wines was lower, compared to the ‘Syrah’ cultivar. They were poorer both in the content of extract and in fruit aroma. ‘Syrah 99’ from Brestnik and ‘Syrah 100’ clones from Pesnopoy do not differ significantly in productivity, but the wines of ‘Syrah 100’ from the Pesnopoy region were more intense in colour and their aroma was strong, full-bodied and lasting with dominating floral (violet) and forest fruit nuances. Tasting results showed high scores, which is evidence that the young wines have potential and contain the ingredients and components necessary to develop further into top quality red wines.