bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mechanism model of the effect of hedonic product consumption on well‐being
Authors: Zhong Jing Yang , Mitchell Vincent‐Wayne 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn response to recent calls for research into activities that may increase happiness, this study uses longitudinal data to investigate changes in within‐subject, instead of between‐subject, well‐being. In the context of hedonic product consumption, this study reveals a mechanism by which consumption influences well‐being through the mediating effect of satisfaction with associated life domains. Four years of data from a large national panel survey show that consuming hedonic products has indirect effects on well‐being, by improving consumers' satisfaction within relevant life domains. High hedonic consumption improves satisfaction with relevant life domains, primarily through more frequent consumption of low‐cost hedonic products rather than less frequent consumption of high‐cost hedonic products.
Assessing Certified Nurse‐Midwives' Attitudes Towards Planned Home Birth
Authors: Vedam Saraswathi , Aaker Jessica , Stoll Kathrin 
Published: February 2010

Introduction: Certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) and certified midwives (CMs) are prepared for care in many settings and could increase access to planned home birth for American women. However, only 4% of American College of Nurse‐Midwives members offer the home as a birth setting. CNMs'/CMs' attitudes towards birth place and the factors underlying their choice of practice site are largely unstudied. This article describes the development, content validation, and psychometric testing of an instrument to assess the attitudes of CNMs towards planned home birth.Methods: A scale was designed to measure Provider Attitudes to Planned Home Birth (PAPHB). Item generation was informed by literature review and a systematic expert panel appraisal. Reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated with a sample of 1893 CNMs.Results: Expert review indicated high relevancy and clarity of the scale items (scale‐content validity index, 0.93). Construct validity was assessed using the Cattell scree test and factor analysis. The resultant 1‐factor, attitude scale had strong internal consistency (Cronbach α = .94). The average PAPHB scale score among CNMs was 78.77 (range, 20–100; standard deviation, 15.9), with significant differences in attitude scores according to clinical home birth experience, educational background, and external barriers reported by CNMs.Discussion: The PAPHB scale is a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of attitudes towards home birth. It can be used to assess the impact of education, environment, and clinical experiences on maternity practice choices.
“Midwives Are Nice, But …”: Perceptions of Midwifery and Childbirth in an Undergraduate Class
Authors: DeJoy Sharon Bernecki 
Published: February 2010

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore college students' beliefs about childbirth and midwifery.Methods: A critical qualitative analysis was used to identify common themes that occurred in an online class discussion about midwifery.Results: This population of 459 college students drew on the larger social discourse of the medical model of childbirth to frame their discussion of childbirth and midwives. Common beliefs that emerged from class discussions included the perceived dangerous nature of childbirth, the necessity for technologic interventions in childbirth, and doubts about the quality of midwifery training and practice.Discussion: To promote midwifery among this population, advocates should continue public education efforts through a variety of media and communication strategies, with an emphasis on the safety of midwifery care.J Midwifery Womens Health 2010;55:117–123 c&#x030a; 2010 by the American College of Nurse‐Midwives.
Are Postpartum Women in Denmark Being Given Helpful Information About Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Floor Exercises?
Authors: Hermansen Inge Lise , O'Connell Bev , Gaskin Cadeyrn J. 
Published: February 2010

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine where and from whom postpartum women recalled receiving information about urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic floor exercises (PFEs), the helpfulness of this information, and their preferred sources of help with UI.Methods: Women who had recently given birth in a Danish hospital (N = 439) were mailed a survey that elicited information about their experiences of receiving information about UI and PFEs.Results: Surveys were returned from 266 women, representing a response rate of 61%. Although almost all participants recalled receiving information about PFEs (95%), only half (55%) recalled being provided with information about UI. Midwives were the health care professionals who most commonly provided women with information about UI (33%) and PFEs (55%). Women generally perceived the information as being helpful, with the information from physiotherapists obtaining the highest mean ratings for helpfulness. Postpartum women indicated that they would prefer to consult with continence nurses or general nurses if they experienced UI. Health care professionals did not consistently provide postpartum women with information on UI and PFEs.Discussion: A coordinated multidisciplinary approach is needed to ensure that women are adequately informed about the risk of developing UI after childbirth and the ways in which this condition can be managed or resolved.J Midwifery Womens Health 2010;55:171–174 Crown Copyright c&#x030a; 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American College of Nurse‐Midwives. All rights reserved.
Radiolabelled cyanidin 3-O-glucoside is poorly absorbed in the mouse
Authors: Felgines Catherine , Krisa Stéphanie , Mauray Aurélie , Besson Catherine , Lamaison Jean-Louis , Scalbert Augustin , Mérillon Jean-Michel , Texier Odile 
Published: February 2010

Anthocyanins are natural pigments abundant in various fruits and berries that are involved in the prevention of various chronic diseases. Their low concentrations in plasma and urine are explained in part by their complex chemistry and the formation of still uncharacterised metabolites. The aim of the present study was to follow the distribution of anthocyanins in the body using 14C-labelled cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) fed by gavage to mice. After the administration of 22·2 kBq 14C-Cy3G (0·93 mg), radioactivity was detected in most organs tested over the following 24 h with a peak observed in inner tissues at 3 h. The major fraction of the radioactivity (44·5 %) was found in the faeces collected 24 h after ingestion. At 3 h after oral administration of 141 kBq 14C-Cy3G (4·76 mg), most of the radioactivity (87·9 % of intake) was recovered in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially in the small intestine (50·7 %) and the caecum (23 %). At this time, 3·3 % of the radioactivity was detected in urine. There was minimal accumulation (0·76 %) of radioactivity in tissues outside the GI tract. Distribution of radioactivity varied among organs, with liver, gallbladder and kidneys showing the highest radioactivity. Taken as a whole, these results show that Cy3G is poorly absorbed in the mouse.
High processed meat consumption is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study
Authors: Männistö Satu , Kontto Jukka , Kataja-Tuomola Merja , Albanes Demetrius , Virtamo Jarmo 
Published: February 2010

Relatively small lifestyle modifications related to weight reduction, physical activity and diet have been shown to decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes. Connected with diet, low consumption of meat has been suggested as a protective factor of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between the consumption of total meat or the specific types of meats and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention cohort included middle-aged male smokers. Up to 12 years of follow-up, 1098 incident cases of diabetes were diagnosed from 24 845 participants through the nationwide register. Food consumption was assessed by a validated FFQ. In the age- and intervention group-adjusted model, high total meat consumption was a risk factor of type 2 diabetes (relative risk (RR) 1·50, 95 % CI 1·23, 1·82, highestv.lowest quintile). The result was similar after adjustment for environmental factors and foods related to diabetes and meat consumption. The RR of type 2 diabetes was 1·37 for processed meat (95 % CI 1·11, 1·71) in the multivariate model. The results were explained more by intakes of Na than by intakes of SFA, protein, cholesterol, haeme Fe, Mg and nitrate, and were not modified by obesity. No association was found between red meat, poultry and the risk of type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, reduction of the consumption of processed meat may help prevent the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes. It seems like Na of processed meat may explain the association.
Energy and macronutrient intakes in Belgium: results from the first National Food Consumption Survey
Authors: Temme E. , Huybrechts I. , Vandevijvere S. , De Henauw S. , Leveque A. , Kornitzer Marcel , De Backer G. , Van Oyen H. 
Published: February 2010

Belgium until recently lacked a systematic survey of dietary habits of its inhabitants. The present study evaluated dietary composition in Belgium with respect to energy and macronutrient intakes. Information on food intake was collected using a repeated non-consecutive 24 h recall (2–8 weeks apart) with the validated software package EPIC-SOFT, in combination with a FFQ (self-administered) covering sixty food items. The database of consumed food items was linked to food composition data. Usual macronutrient intake was estimated by the Nusser method. A representative sample of the Belgian population was randomly selected from the national register following a multi-stage procedure. Information on dietary intake was obtained from 3245 subjects aged 15 years and older. Mean energy percentage (E %) of total fat (37·9 E %) and SFA (16·0 E %) was higher than the dietary reference intakes (DRI). Mean E % of total carbohydrates (45·8 E %) was lower than the DRI, while mean E % of mono/disaccharides was 20·3. Total fat and SFA intakes were higher and total carbohydrate and sugar intakes were lower in the older age categories than in the younger age categories. The percentage of energy from SFA intake was lower and that from carbohydrates was higher than that found in an earlier Belgian study. Further efforts are necessary to improve dietary macronutrient intake, taking into account differences in age categories. In addition, it will be important to monitor its changes regularly using trend analyses.
Beneficial effect of xylo-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Gobinath Duraiswamy , Madhu Arenahalli N. , Prashant Giribhattanavar , Srinivasan Krishnapura , Prapulla Siddalingaiya G. 
Published: February 2010

The beneficial influences of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) obtained from alkali-pretreated corncob and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) obtained from cane sugar were evaluated in experimental diabetes. These oligosaccharides were supplemented at 10 % (w/w) in the basal diet of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, while the control rats were fed with a basal diet for a period of 6 weeks. Both the oligosaccharides exerted favourable influences in diabetic rats by significantly improving body weight and reducing hyperglycaemia and cholesterol. The characteristic diabetic complications such as severe glucosuria, proteinuria and advanced glycation end products in renal tissue, diabetic nephropathy, and blood creatinine and urea concentrations were notably reduced. Besides, these oligosaccharide supplementations significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes – catalase and glutathione reductase – in the blood of diabetic rats. Supplementation of XOS and FOS resulted in a significant increase in the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli population in the caecum. The present study indicates that XOS and FOS have an ameliorating influence on metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes, besides conferring an optimal milieu of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, thus suggesting their potential health benefit in diabetics.
Apparent absence ofCryptosporidium, GiardiaandToxoplasma gondiiin three species of penguins along the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Palacios Maria José , Barbosa Andrés , Pedraza-Díaz Susana , Ortega-Mora Luis Miguel , Valera Francisco , Cuervo José Javier , Benzal Jesús , De La Cruz Carlos 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe carried out a study to investigate the presence of some protozoan parasites (Cryptosporidiumsp.,Giardiasp.,Toxoplasma gondii) on three species of Antarctic penguins: Adélie (Pygoscelis adeliae), gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarctica) from different locations along the Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands. Swabs and faeces samples were analysed by PCR assay forCryptosporidiumsp. andGiardiasp. whileToxoplasmawas studied using serological methods from blood samples. We did not detect the presence of these organisms in the species studied. However, based on the upper values of the confidence intervals of the observed prevalence, their presence cannot be completely excluded.
Channel abstractions for network security
Authors: BUGLIESI MICHELE , FOCARDI RICCARDO 
Published: February 2010

Process algebraic techniques for distributed systems are increasingly being targeted at identifying abstractions that are adequate for both high-level programming and specification and security analysis and verification. Drawing on our earlier work in Bugliesi and Focardi, (2008), we investigate the expressive power of a core set of security and network abstractions that provide high-level primitives for specifying the honest principals in a network, while at the same time enabling an analysis of the network-level adversarial attacks that may be mounted by an intruder.We analyse various bisimulation equivalences for security that arise from endowing the intruder with:
(i)different adversarial capabilities; and(ii)increasingly powerful control over the interaction among the distributed principals of a network.
By comparing the relative strength of the bisimulation equivalences, we obtain a direct measure of the intruder's discriminating power, and hence of the expressiveness of the corresponding intruder model.
Finance for renewable energy: an empirical analysis of developing and transition economies
Authors: BRUNNSCHWEILER CHRISTA N. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the role of the financial sector in renewable energy (RE) development. Although RE can bring socio-economic and environmental benefits, its implementation faces a number of obstacles, especially in non-OECD countries. One of these obstacles is financing: underdeveloped financial sectors are unable to efficiently channel loans to RE producers. The influence of financial sector development on the use of renewable energy resources is confirmed in panel data estimations on up to 119 non-OECD countries for 1980–2006. Financial intermediation, in particular commercial banking, has a significant positive effect on the amount of RE produced, and the impact is especially large when we consider non-hydropower RE such as wind, solar, geothermal and biomass. There is also evidence that the development of the RE sector has picked up significantly in the period since the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol.
Evidence on the interjurisdictional competition for polluted industries within China
Authors: TAGUCHI HIROYUKI , MUROFUSHI HARUTAKA 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examines, with a focus on regional environmental states in China, whether regional latecomers suffer the domestically created ‘pollution haven’ effect through the interjurisdictional competition for polluted industries within China, or enjoy the spillover effect of nationwide progress in environmental management and technology, using the analytical framework of the environmental Kuznets curve. The study found that the regional latecomer's advantage was verified in the case of wastewater, while its disadvantage was identified in waste gas and solid waste. We speculate that the contrasting result on regional latecomer's effects between wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste comes from the difference in policy performances: the well-designed water pollution control may have regional latecomer's enjoy the spillover effect of nationwide progress, while the ineffective control of air and solid waste pollution may cause a ‘pollution haven’ effect through the interjurisdictional competition for polluted industries on regional latecomers.
The value of statistical life and cost–benefit evaluations of landmine clearance in Cambodia
Authors: CAMERON MICHAEL , GIBSON JOHN , HELMERS KENT , LIM STEVEN , TRESSLER JOHN , VADDANAK KIEN 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTDevelopment agencies spend approximately US$ 400 million per year on landmine clearance. Yet many cost–benefit evaluations suggest that landmine clearance is socially wasteful because costs appear to far outweigh social benefits. This paper presents new estimates of the benefits of clearing landmines based on a contingent valuation survey in two provinces in rural Cambodia where we asked respondents questions that elicit their trade-offs between money and the risk of death from landmine accidents. The estimated Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) is US$ 0.4 million. In contrast, most previous studies of landmine clearance use foregone income or average GDP per capita, which has a lifetime value of only US$ 2,000 in Cambodia. Humanitarian landmine clearance emerges as a more attractive rural development policy when appropriate estimates of the VSL are used.
The Formation and Utility of Sub-Angstrom to Nanometer-Sized Electron Probes in the Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscope at the University of Illinois
Authors: Wen Jianguo , Mabon James , Lei Changhui , Burdin Steve , Sammann Ernie , Petrov Ivan , Shah Amish B. , Chobpattana Varistha , Zhang Jiong , Ran Ke , Zuo Jian-Min , Mishina Satoshi , Aoki Toshihiro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractWe evaluate the probe forming capability of a JEOL 2200FS transmission electron microscope equipped with a spherical aberration (Cs) probe corrector. The achievement of a real space sub-Angstrom (0.1 nm) probe for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging is demonstrated by acquisition and modeling of high-angle annular dark-field STEM images. We show that by optimizing the illumination system, large probe currents and large collection angles for electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) can be combined to yield EELS fine structure data spatially resolved to the atomic scale. We demonstrate the probe forming flexibility provided by the additional lenses in the probe corrector in several ways, including the formation of nanometer-sized parallel beams for nanoarea electron diffraction, and the formation of focused probes for convergent beam electron diffraction with a range of convergence angles. The different probes that can be formed using the probe corrected STEM opens up new applications for electron microscopy and diffraction.
How Contemporary Publics Understand and Experience Happiness: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: SHIN DOH CHULL 
Published: February 2010

AbstractHow do contemporary publics understand happiness? What makes them experience it? Do conceptions and sources of their happiness vary across culturally different societies? This paper addresses these questions, utilizing the 2008 round of the AsiaBarometer surveys conducted in six countries scattered over four different continents. Analyses of these surveys, conducted in Japan, China, and India from the East; and the United States, Russia, and Australia from the West, reveal a number of interesting cross-cultural differences and similarities in the way the people of the East and West understand and experience happiness. Specifically, the former are much less multidimensional than the latter in their conceptions of happiness. Yet, they are alike in that their sense of relative achievement or deprivation is the most pervasive and powerful influence on happiness.
Public Attitudes toward Government Spending in the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors: PARK CHONG-MIN 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis article describes public attitudes toward government spending in Australia, China, India, Japan, Russia, and the United States, the six major economies of the Asia-Pacific region. An analysis of the 2008 AsiaBarometer Survey data shows that ordinary citizens of the sample countries favored increased, rather than reduced, government spending on a wide range of policy programs. It is also found that support for state activism was stronger in former state socialist countries than in market capitalist ones. Although economic interests, symbolic predispositions, and social positions influenced spending preferences to varying degrees, left–right ideology was particularly conspicuous in most countries surveyed. It is evident that the mass publics of the major economies of the Asia-Pacific region did not strongly endorse state contraction or retrenchment, even in the wake of economic globalization and the neoliberal reform movement.
Images of Government, Business, and Citizen Identity in the United States
Authors: STEEL GILL 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper presents a country profile of the United States using data from the AsiaBarometer (2008) survey. I first examine how citizens see themselves, their government and big business. My findings show that Americans remain ambivalent toward politics, their government, and big business. Citizens overwhelmingly support democracy as a political system and are satisfied with a broad range of specific democratic rights, but, at the same time, they complain about the workings of their democratic system, policy output, and many distrust government and big business. I then examine the role citizens play in politics, analyzing who participates and why.
Worsening Schisms in Thai Domestic Politics
Authors: GANESAN N. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe September 2006 military coup against the Thaksin government in Thailand has had a profound impact on Thai politics. It has arrested the process of democratic consolidation that was set in motion in the country in the 1990s. Although many of Thaksin's policies lacked the spirit of democratic governance, he was democratically elected and was ousted from power unconstitutionally. The entire tenure of Thaksin has brought to the fore two deep cleavages in Thailand. The first of these is the deep divide between the rural and urban electoral constituencies. The former provided a major vote bank with little bearing on the dispersion of power and resources that was effectively dominated by the latter. Thaksin and his populist policies effectively undermined the urban electorate and strengthened the rural constituency. The second and perhaps structurally more significant tension is that which has developed between the new business elite and the old establishment elite that comprise the monarchy, military, and the bureaucracy. This old elite has been at the forefront of displacing Thaksin through its fear of loss of control over the domestic political process. The drawn out confrontation that has spawned two social movements has significantly raised the country's political temperature and there is the real potential for the situation to deteriorate into violence. Despite these changes, a number of continuities unique to the Thai political situation continue to obtain as well.