bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The p75 neurotrophin receptor has nonapoptotic antineurotrophic actions in the basal forebrain
Authors: Greferath Ursula , Trieu Jennifer , Barrett Graham L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBecause of controversy about the role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in the cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF), we investigated this region in p75NTR third exon knockout mice that were congenic with 129/Sv controls. They express a shortened intracellular form of p75NTR, permitting detection of p75NTR‐expressing cells. We performed separate counts of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)‐expressing and p75NTR‐expressing neurons. In agreement with past reports, the number of ChAT‐immunoreactive neurons in knockout mice was greater than in wild‐type mice, and this was evident in each of the main anatomical divisions of the CBF. In contrast, the number of p75NTR‐immunoreactive neurons did not differ between genotypes. The biggest increase in ChAT neurons (27%) was in the horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca (HDB), in which region the number of p75NTR‐positive neurons was unchanged. Double staining revealed that some neurons in wild‐type mice expressed p75NTR but not ChAT. In the knockout mice, all p75NTR‐expressing neurons expressed ChAT. The increase in cholinergic neurons, therefore, was at least partially attributable to a higher proportion of ChAT immunoreactivity within the population of p75NTR‐expressing neurons. Cholinergic neurons were also larger in knockout mice than in controls. In the hippocampal CA1 region, knockout mice had a greater number of cholinergic fibers. There was a 77% increase in hippocampal ChAT activity in knockout mice and a 38% increase in heterozygotes. The data do not support an apoptotic role but indicate a broad antineurotrophic role of p75NTR in the cholinergic basal forebrain. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Murine tendon function is adversely affected by aggrecan accumulation due to the knockout of ADAMTS5
Authors: Wang Vincent M. , Bell Rebecca M. , Thakore Ruchir , Eyre David R. , Galante Jorge O. , Li Jun , Sandy John D. , Plaas Anna 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe present study examined the effect of ADAMTS5 (TS5) knockout on the properties of murine flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and Achilles tendons. FDL and Achilles tendons were analyzed using biomechanical testing, histology, and immunohistochemistry; further characterization of FDL tendons was conducted using transmission electron microscopy (collagen fibril ultrastructure), SDS–PAGE (collagen content and type), fluorescence‐assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis for chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan, and Western blotting for aggrecan, versican, and decorin abundance and distribution. FDL tendons of TS5−/− mice showed a 33% larger cross‐sectional area, increased collagen fibril area fraction, and decreased material properties relative to those of wild type mice. In TS5−/− mice, aggrecan accumulated in the pericellular matrix of tendon fibroblasts. In Achilles tendons, cross‐sectional area, stress relaxation, and structural properties were similar in TS5−/− and wild type mice; however, the TS5−/− tendons exhibited a higher tensile modulus and a weakened enthesis. These results demonstrate that TS5 deficiency disturbs normal tendon collagen organization and alters biomechanical properties. Hence, the role of ADAMTS5 in tendon is to remove pericellular and interfibrillar aggrecan to maintain the molecular architecture responsible for normal tissue function. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:620–626, 2012
Tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) promote tendon repair in a rat patellar tendon window defect model
Authors: Ni Ming , Lui Pauline Po Yee , Rui Yun Feng , Lee Yuk Wa , Lee Yuk Wai , Tan Qi , Wong Yin Mei , Kong Siu Kai , Lau Pui Man , Li Gang , Chan Kai Ming 
Published: September 2011

AbstractInjured tendons heal slowly and often result in the formation of mechanically and functionally inferior fibrotic scar tissue or fibrous adhesions. This study investigated the use of tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) for tendon repair in a rat patellar tendon window defect model. Fibrin glue constructs with or without GFP‐TDSCs were transplanted into the window defect. The patellar tendons were harvested for histology, ex vivo fluorescent imaging and biomechanical test at various time points up to week 4. Our results showed that TDSCs significantly enhanced tendon healing as indicated by the increase in collagen production as shown by hematolxylin stain‐ability of the tissue, improvement of cell alignment, collagen fiber alignment and collagen birefringence typical of tendon. The labeled cells were observed at weeks 1 and 2 and became almost undetectable at week 4. Both the ultimate stress and Young's modulus were significantly higher in the TDSCs group compared to those in the fibrin glue group at week 4. In conclusion, TDSCs promoted earlier and better repair in a rat patellar tendon window defect model. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:613–619, 2012
Age‐related expression of MCP‐1 and MMP‐3 in mouse intervertebral disc in relation to TWEAK and TNF‐α stimulation
Authors: Fujita Koji , Ando Takashi , Ohba Tetsuro , Wako Masanori , Sato Nobutaka , Nakamura Yuki , Ohnuma Yuko , Hara Yasushi , Kato Ryohei , Nakao Atsuhito , Haro Hirotaka 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study was undertaken to investigate the age‐related differences of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) expression in mouse intervertebral disc (IVD) and to determine whether MMP‐3 plays a role in disc degeneration. Expression of MCP‐1 and MMP‐3 mRNA in mouse IVD was assessed by quantitative PCR. The ability of MCP‐1 and MMP‐3 expression in IVD to respond to TNF‐α or TWEAK stimulation was examined by quantitative PCR, WB, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. IVD derived from MMP‐3‐deficient and wild‐type mice were compared using Safranin‐O staining and immunohistochemistry. mRNA levels of MCP‐1 and MMP‐3 in IVD significantly diminished and the ability of MCP‐1 or MMP‐3 expression to respond to TNF‐α or TWEAK stimulation was significantly reduced as age increased. IVD derived from 64‐week‐old wild‐type mice showed clearly diffuse proteoglycan loss by Safranin‐O staining and immunohistochemistry compared with younger mice. However, no loss of proteoglycan and typeII collagen were observed in IVD derived from 64‐week‐old MMP‐3‐deficient mice. MCP‐1 and MMP‐3 expression in mouse IVD showed age‐related decreases. The response to inflammation in IVD also displayed age‐related changes. Therefore, disc degeneration may vary with the patients' age and targeting MMP‐3 may be a possible future therapeutic strategy for disc degeneration. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:599–605, 2012
Improvement in regression of corn yield with plant height using relative data
Authors: Yin Xinhua , McClure M Angela , Hayes Robert M 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: The traditional approach of analyzing absolute variable data across multiple locations and/or years has drawbacks in precision agriculture. This study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of using relative yield and plant height data of corn (Zea mays L.) on the regression of yield with plant height using linear and exponential models in a nitrogen (N) rate field trial under four cropping systems.RESULTS: The use of relative yield to replace absolute yield frequently increased the determination coefficient (R2) values in the regression of yield with plant height on datasets combined across cropping systems or/and years. Relative yield and relative plant height sometimes further enhanced the R2 values compared with relative yield and absolute plant height. All these improvements mostly occurred when the fit of the model was not strong with absolute yield and absolute plant height or relative yield and absolute plant height. The advantages of using relative data of yield or/and plant height were similar for the two regression models.CONCLUSION: The use of relative yield or relative data of both yield and plant height may be effective in improving the regression of corn yield with plant height across multiple cropping systems/locations and years in precision agriculture. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Signal enhancement by trapping in microscale liquid chromatography: Numerical modelling
Authors: Verstraeten Matthias , Desmet Gert 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report on a series of computer simulations that have been made to explore the operation and performance limits of a periodically heated and cooled trapping segment (liquid analog of the modulator device used in GC×GC) interfacing the separation column and the detector. The initial peak width and the retention of the molecules on the trapping segment have the most important influence on the trapping efficiency. Higher retention of the trapping segment and smaller peaks will lead to higher signal enhancements. However when the resulting concentration gradients become too large, as is the case for very small peaks and/or for very high retention factors on the trapping segment, the dispersion will strongly decrease the focussing efficiency. The molar diffusion coefficient and the linear velocity mainly have an impact on the dispersive behaviour, which can be directly calculated from the associated plate height values. General design rules for the trapping segment, validated with the computer simulations, give a good estimate of the required trapping time and the length of the trapping segment. Equations for the estimation of the trapped peak width and signal enhancement are also given.
Stereoselective liquid chromatographic determination of 1′‐oxobufuralol and 1′‐hydroxybufuralol in rat liver microsomal fraction using hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction for sample preparation
Authors: Barth Thiago , Simões Rodrigo A. , Pupo Mônica T. , Okano Laura T. , Bonato Pierina S. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA three‐phase hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction (HF‐LPME) method for the stereoselective determination of bufuralol metabolites 1′‐oxobufuralol (1′‐Oxo‐BF) and 1′‐hydroxybufuralol (1′‐OH‐BF) in microsomal preparations is described for the first time. The HPLC analysis was carried out using a Chiralcel OD‐H column with hexane/2‐propanol/methanol (97.5:2.0:0.5, v/v/v) plus 0.5% diethylamine as the mobile phase, and UV detection at 248 and 273 nm. The HF‐LPME optimized conditions involved: n‐octanol as the organic solvent, 0.2 mol/L acetic acid as the acceptor phase, donor phase pH adjusted to 13, sample agitation at 1500 rpm and extraction for 30 min. By using this extraction procedure, the recovery rates were in the range of 63–69%. The method was linear over the concentration range of 100–5000 ng/mL for each enantiomer of 1′‐Oxo‐BF (r>0.9978) and of 100–2500 ng/mL for each stereoisomer of 1′‐OH‐BF (r>0.9957). The quantification limits were 100 ng/mL for all analytes. The validated method was used to assess the in vitro biotransformation of bufuralol using rat liver microsomal fraction that demonstrated predominant formation of (S)‐1′‐Oxo‐BF and (R,R)‐1′‐OH‐BF.
Faculty and first‐generation college students: Bridging the classroom gap together
Authors: Wiggins Janice 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDrawing on her thirteen years of experience as director of Indiana University‐Bloomington's Groups Program, which serves first‐generation and low‐income students, the author details the challenges facing first‐generation college students (FGS). She argues for the need for sourcebooks such as this one to educate higher‐education personnel about the academic, cultural, and social experiences of FGS. Educating college and university personnel is the first step toward improving FGS' college success, retention, and graduation rates.
Introduction: Shall we gather in the classroom?
Authors: Housel Teresa Heinz , Harvey Vickie L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFirst‐generation college students (FGS) often straddle different cultures between school and home. Because of this cultural disparity, FGS frequently encounter barriers to academic success and require additional support resources on campus. Simply offering more financial aid does not address the cultural and emotional challenges that these students experience. The volume's coeditors draw on their own first‐generation college experiences to assert the necessity of this volume to assist college and university administrators, faculty, and staff who frequently work with FGS.
First‐generation Latina graduate students: Balancing professional identity development with traditional family roles
Authors: Leyva Valerie Lester 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe author discusses the little‐examined tensions that female and Latina first‐generation college students (FGS) experience while negotiating their ethnic and professional identities. Despite having general parental support for pursuing an education, Latina and female FGS who are graduate students in the author's university department must juggle multiple identities of gender role expectations with being students, family members, and parents.
Understanding the first‐generation student experience in higher education through a relational dialectic perspective
Authors: Lowery‐Hart Russell , Pacheco George 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe authors use relational dialectics theory to argue that first‐generation college students (FGS) often struggle with a give‐and‐take tension between getting involved in campus life and losing their familial and working‐class identity. They suggest that because FGS straddle two different cultures of academia and home, institutions must address these tensions to improve the students' retention and graduate rates.
First‐generation issues: Learning outcomes of the dismissal testimonial for academically dismissed students in the arts & sciences
Authors: Brost Jennifer , Payne Kelly 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe authors found that the experience of academic dismissal for first‐generation college students (FGS) differs from that of non‐FGS in that the FGS cited wrong course choices, inability to examine personal strengths and weaknesses, and not seeking academic help as reasons for dismissal. FGS who appealed the institution's dismissal decision indicated that if permitted to re‐enroll, they would become more involved in campus and seek faculty contact; these behaviors, the authors suggest, are crucial for the students' academic success.
Alzheimer's Disease and Co-Morbidity: Increased Prevalence and Possible Risk Factors of Excess Mortality in a Naturalistic 7-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Heun R. , Schoepf D. , Potluri R. , Natalwala A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundSubjects with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) have to be sufficiently healthy to live long enough to experience and to be diagnosed with dementia in later life. In contrast, neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits in AD may increase the frequency of co-morbid disorders and their possible influence on mortality. Consequently, we investigated whether the pattern of co-morbidity and its relevance for later death differed between hospitalized AD and age-matched controls subjects.MethodsCo-morbid diseases with a prevalence of more than 1% at hospital admission were compared between 634 hospitalized AD and 72,244 control subjects aged above 70 years admitted to the University of Birmingham NHS Trust between 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2007. Risk factors, i.e. co-morbid diseases that were predictors of mortality within the 7-year follow-up, were identified and compared.ResultsSubjects with AD suffer more eating disorders, infections, brain diseases and neck of femur fractures than other hospitalized elderly patients. In contrast, some cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus were less prevalent in AD subjects in comparison with hospitalized controls. Diseases that might have contributed to later mortality in AD were pneumonia, ischemic heart disease and gastroenteritis, but there were no significant differences in their impact on mortality compared to other hospitalized elderly subjects with the same co-morbidities in multivariate logistic regression analyses.ConclusionPatients with AD have a different pattern of co-morbidity, but die from the same diseases as other hospitalized patients. Infections including pneumonia and diseases that may occur secondary to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline may need special attention in patients with AD who may not be able to identify or report the early symptoms. Preventive measures may be helpful to reduce the high risk and fatal consequences of undetected disease in AD.
The interaction of round synthetic jets with a turbulent boundary layer separating from a rounded ramp
Authors: Lardeau S. , Leschziner M. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA computational large eddy simulation (LES) study is presented of the interaction between a turbulent boundary layer separating from a rounded ramp in a duct and a pair of spanwise-periodic, round synthetic jets, actuated upstream of the nominal separation line. Several scenarios are considered, for different injection angles and velocity ratios. In all cases, the actuation frequency corresponds to the shedding-instability mode of the separated shear layer. Experimental data, available for both the baseline flow and one actuated configuration, are used to verify the validity of the computational solutions. The analysis includes a separation of coherent and stochastic contributions to the time-averaged statistics of the auto- and cross-correlations of the fluctuations. The control authority is examined by reference to the effects of the actuation on the size of the separated zone, the momentum thickness of the boundary layer, the velocity field, various turbulence quantities and phase-averaged properties. The study demonstrates that the principal aspect of the interaction, at mean-flow level, is an increase in mixing provoked by the formation of strong streamwise vortices away from the wall, the induction of much weaker streamwise vortices close to the wall, and the extra production of stochastic turbulence caused by unsteady straining. The coherent stresses arising from the periodic perturbations are high – typically 5 times the levels of the unperturbed flow – but only within about 5–7 diameters of the jet orifice, and 2 orifice diameters on each side of the jet, and these are dominant primarily in the outer parts of the boundary layer. Stochastic turbulence is also elevated, but more modestly. The global effect of the actuation is a reduction of 10–20 % in the length of the separated region and 20–40 % in the thickness of the reverse-flow layer, depending on the actuation scheme, counter-flow actuation being the most effective. This reduction is mainly associated with a delay in separation. These results highlight the need for synthetic jets to be placed close to the separation zone and for the inter-jet distance to be of order 5 or lower to achieve a high level of separation-control authority.
Transitional flow of a rarefied gas over a spinning sphere
Authors: Volkov Alexey N. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThree-dimensional transitional flow of a rarefied monatomic gas over a spinning sphere is studied numerically by the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. Gas molecules interact with each other as hard spheres. The Maxwell model of specular–diffuse scattering is used to describe the interaction between gas molecules and the sphere surface. The effect of all dimensionless governing parameters of the problem on the flow structure, distributions of stresses and heat flux density on the sphere surface, aerodynamic force and torque exerted on the sphere, and heat flux on the sphere surface is analysed. Simulations are conducted at Mach numbers raging from$0. 03$to$2$and Knudsen numbers raging from$0. 01$to$20$. Two qualitatively different streamline patterns are observed around the sphere depending on its dimensionless rotational velocity. The direction and magnitude of the transverse Magnus force in transitional flow depend on the Knudsen and Mach numbers. The torque and heat flux coefficients are found to be functions of the Mach number and dimensionless rotational velocity. The effect of rotation on the sphere aerodynamics weakens with an increase in the sphere temperature with respect to the gas temperature in the free stream. A complete set of equations is developed to fit the computed values of the aerodynamic and heat flux coefficients in a case when the sphere temperature is equal to the temperature of the free stream.
Equol production changes over time in pre-menopausal women
Authors: Franke Adrian A. , Lai Jennifer F. , Pagano Ian , Morimoto Yukiko , Maskarinec Gertraud 
Published: September 2011

Equol (EQ) is a metabolite produced by gut bacteria through the chemical reduction of the soya isoflavone daidzein (DE), but only by 30–60 % of the population. EQ is believed to provide benefits derived from soya intake and its production is widely viewed as a relatively stable phenomenon. In a randomised, cross-over intervention with soya foods, seventy-nine pre-menopausal women were challenged with a high-soya and a low-soya diet each for 6 months, separated by a 1-month washout period. Overnight urine was collected at three time points during each diet period and analysed for DE and EQ by liquid chromatography tandem MS. Remaining an EQ producer (EP) or non-producer (NP) or changing towards an EP or NP was assessed using an EQ:DE ratio of ≥ 0·018 combined with a DE threshold of ≥ 2 nmol/mg creatinine as a cut-off point. We observed 19 and 24 % EP during the low-soya and high-soya diet periods, respectively, and found that 6–11 % of our subjects changed EQ status ‘within’ each study period (on an average of 1·2 times), while 16 % changed ‘between’ the two diet periods. The present finding challenges the widely held conviction that EQ production within an individual remains stable over time. The precise factors contributing to changes in EQ status, however, remain elusive and warrant further investigation.
Pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol in human plasma after the oral administration of kombu extract
Authors: Hashimoto Takashi , Ozaki Yoshiaki , Mizuno Masashi , Yoshida Masaru , Nishitani Yosuke , Azuma Takeshi , Komoto Akitoshi , Maoka Takashi , Tanino Yuka , Kanazawa Kazuki 
Published: September 2011

Dietary fucoxanthin has been reported to exert several physiological functions, and fucoxanthinol is considered to be the primary active metabolite of fucoxanthin. However, there is no information about the pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol in human subjects. In the present study, eighteen human volunteers were orally administered kombu extract containing 31 mg fucoxanthin, and their peripheral blood was collected 5 min before and 0·5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h after the treatment. Plasma fucoxanthinol concentrations were measured by HPLC, and the pharmacokinetics of fucoxanthinol were as follows: maximum concentration, 44·2 nmol/l; time at maximum concentration, 4 h; terminal half-time, 7·0 h; area under the curve (AUC) for 1–24 h, 578·7 nmol/l × h; AUC(∞), 663·7 nmol/l × h. In addition to fucoxanthinol, we also attempted to detect amarouciaxanthin A, a hepatic metabolite of fucoxanthinol, using HPLC, but it was not present in the volunteers' plasma. On the other hand, a peak that was suspected to represent the cis-isomer of fucoxanthinol was found in the HPLC chromatogram. By comparing the present results with those of a previous study using mice, we found that the bioavailability and metabolism of fucoxanthinol differ between human subjects and mice.