bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geological history and significance of a laminated and slumped unit in the Carboniferous Limestone of the Monsal Dale region, Derbyshire
Authors: Adams A. E. , Cossey P. J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA laminated and slumped limestone bed from the Carboniferous Limestone of Derbyshire, known as the Rosewood Marble, is described in detail. The laminations comprise alternations of micrite and dolomite, the dolomite laminae originally being fine grainstones. The bed was deposited on a slope and slipping and sliding gave rise to tensional features such as pull‐apart structures and compressional features such as slump folds. Evidence suggests that the palaeoslope was inclined towards the south‐southeast and caused by synsedimentary movements of the Longstone Edge monocline and/or the Priestcliffe syncline. Diagenetic features described include cementation, dolomitization, calcite pseudomorphs after replacement anhydrite and silicification.
The sequence of the earlier lower old red sandstone (siluro‐devonian), north of milford haven, southwest dyfed (wales)
Authors: Allen J. R. L. , Williams B. P. J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Red Marls are renamed the Milford Haven Group (thickness approximately 2 · 4 km) and divided between the Red Cliff, Albion Sands, Lindsway Bay, Sandy Haven and Gelliswick Bay Formations, in ascending order. The lowest three, totalling approximately 230 m in thickness, are largely restricted to the Marloes area, where they succeed the marine Silurian rocks sharply and with a distinct facies change, indicative of a possibly substantial stratigraphical break. Northwards the Red Cliff and Albion Sands Formations are overlapped, the Lindsway Bay Formation in the Winsle area resting disconformably on marine Silurian rocks older than the youngest of the marine Silurian beds exposed at Marloes. The Sandy Haven and Gelliswick Bay Formations are more widely distributed and closely resemble the Red Marls of the Pembroke Peninsula and the main outcrop north of the Benton Fault. They are Gedinnian in age on the basis of ostracoderms, but the Gelliswick Bay Formation may range into the Siegenian. The thick Cosheston Group, which grades up from the Gelliswick Bay formation, probably represents the remainder of the Siegenian and may possibly be partly Emsian in age. The character of the Milford Haven Group lends no credence to the idea that allochthonous blocks are assembled in southwest Dyfed as the result of Variscan movements.
The caradocian rocks of the north and west berwyn hills, north wales
Authors: Brenchley P. J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe Caradoc of the Berwyn Hills is a thick sequence of marine mudstones and siltstones with interstratified sub‐aerial tuff formations. Near the top of the succession there is a sharp facies change to graptolitic shales. The sequence has been re‐mapped and two new formations (the Pen‐plaenau Siltstone Formation and Cwm Rhiwarth Siltstone Formation) and one new member are proposed. Assemblage zones can be traced round the outcrop in the lower part of the sequence (Soudleyan) but higher in the succession (Longvillian) there are differences between the faunal assemblages of the north and west. The northern faunas are referred to Dalmanella community which is believed to have occupied a shallower environment than the Nicolella community to the west. In spite of the presumed environmental control of the faunas, the sequence can be fairly precisely correlated with the classic sections in Shropshire and Bala.The Caradoc sedimentary sequence represents a mainly shallow sub‐tidal environment with periodic episodes of local emergence. The area deepened during the Longvillian, particularly in the west. There followed a period of non‐deposition with probably some erosion at the base of the Nod Glas which itself represents a period of reduced sediment.There is a well‐known stratigraphic break at the base of the Ashgill which rests on rocks of Onnian age and on different horizons of the Longvillian.
Floral biostratigraphy of the upper silesian pennant measures of south wales
Authors: Cleal C. J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNew information on the distribution of Upper Carboniferous fossil plants in South Wales has led the author to revise the positions of the chronostratigraphical boundaries in the Pennant Measures. The base of the Westphalian D is now placed in the upper Rhondda Beds. The middle Westphalian D floral change has been found to occur in two steps, one in the lower and one in the upper Hughes Beds. The Westphalian‐Stephanian boundary is provisionally placed near the top of the Grovesend Beds.
The glaciation of the outer hebrides
Authors: Flinn Derek 
Published: February 2011

AbstractFor the last 100 years there has been general acceptance for J. Geikie's hypothesis that during the last glacial maximum the Outer Hebrides was over‐run by the Scottish ice‐cap. An examination of the roches moutonnees on the east side of the islands from Stornoway to S. Uist shows that the ice flowed towards and not away from Scotland. During the last glacial maximum the Outer Hebrides were glaciated by their own ice‐cap. There is evidence that the Scottish ice‐cap overran the area during an earlier glaciation.
Expression and detrimental role of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in spinal cord contusion injury
Authors: Redensek Adriana , Rathore Khizr I. , Berard Jennifer L. , López‐Vales Rubèn , SWAYNE Leigh Anne , Bennett Steffany A.L. , Mohri Ikuko , Taniike Masako , Urade Yoshihiro , David Samuel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProstaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a potent inflammatory mediator, which is implicated in both the initiation and resolution of inflammation in peripheral non‐neural tissues. Its role in the central nervous system has not been fully elucidated. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with an acute inflammatory response, which contributes to secondary tissue damage that worsens functional loss. We show here, with the use of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (HPGDS) deficient mice and a HPGDS selective inhibitor (HQL‐79), that PGD2 plays a detrimental role after SCI. We also show that HPGDS is expressed in macrophages in the injured mouse spinal cord and contributes to the increase in PGD2 in the contused spinal cord. HPGDS−/− mice also show reduced secondary tissue damage and reduced expression of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL10 as well as an increase in IL‐6 and TGFβ‐1 expression in the injured spinal cord. This was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of the microglia/macrophage activation marker Mac‐2 and an increase in the antioxidant metallothionein III. Importantly, HPGDS deficient mice exhibit significantly better locomotor recovery after spinal cord contusion injury than wild‐type (Wt) mice. In addition, systemically administered HPGDS inhibitor (HQL‐79) also enhanced locomotor recovery after SCI in Wt mice. These data suggest that PGD2 generated via HPGDS has detrimental effects after SCI and that blocking the activity of this enzyme can be beneficial. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The ultrastructure of perisynaptic glia in the nucleus tractus solitarii of the adult rat: Comparison between single synapses and multisynaptic arrangements
Authors: Chounlamountry Keodavanh , Kessler Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAstrocytes are now considered as essential partners of neurons. In particular, they play important roles in glutamatergic transmission, including transmitter inactivation by uptake. Here, we investigated the organization of astroglia in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii (NTS), a sensory nucleus located in the caudal medulla. Special attention was given to perisynaptic astroglial processes. Investigations were performed at the light and electron microscope levels, using immunodetection of glial glutamate transporters, stereological methods, and serial reconstruction. In the NTS, the main glutamate transporter expressed by astrocytes was GLT1. The volume fraction of astrocyte processes and the density of astrocyte membranes reached 15% and 2.8 μm2 μm−3, respectively. In spite of the relative abundance of astrocyte processes, we found that NTS glutamatergic synapses were not entirely surrounded by glia. Measurements were performed on 43 reconstructed asymmetric junctions which were either single synapses (n = 22) or synapses involved in multisynaptic arrangements (n = 21). Single synapses had 58% of their perimeter contacted by astrocyte processes on average. In multisynaptic arrangement, glial coverage was restricted to the outer part of synaptic diameters and amounted to 50% of this outer part on average. Incomplete glial coverage of NTS synapses may allow glutamate to diffuse out of the synaptic cleft and to activate extrasynaptic receptors as well as receptors from neighboring synapses. Especially, in multisynaptic arrangements, the lack of intervening glia may favor functional coupling between individual contacts. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acetylacetonat‐Derivate von zwei‐ und dreiwertigem Titan
Authors: Salzmann J.‐J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe structure of the dimeric bis(acetylacetonate)‐chlorotitanium has been more fully characterized.Acetylacetonate‐dichlorotitanium and bis(acetylacetonate)‐titanium have been prepared for the first time and their structure has been investigated by means of i.r., u. v., and visible spectra, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
Selektive acidolytische spaltung von aralkyloxycarbonyl‐aminoschutzgruppen
Authors: Sieber P. , Iselin B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe acidolytic cleavage of a series of new N‐aralkyloxycarbonyl protecting groups has been found to proceed as a first‐order reaction, the rate of cleavage being dependent on the stability of the corresponding aralkyl carbonium ions. Some of the groups are cleaved at much the same rate as the N‐trityl residue and up to 60000 times faster than the t‐butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) group. The rate is also strongly influenced by the acidity of the reaction media. The relative rates at which aralkyloxycarbonyl and Boc groups are split off can be largely controlled by appropriate selection of the reaction conditions.The implications of these findings for peptide syntheses are discussed and the use of the 2‐(p‐diphenyl)‐isopropyloxycarbonyl residue as an especially suitable N‐protecting group is proposed.
Peptidsynthesen unter verwendung der 2‐(p‐diphenyl)‐isopropyl‐oxycarbonyl (dpoc)‐aminoschutzgruppe
Authors: Sieber P. , Iselin B. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe 2‐(p‐diphenyl)‐isopropyloxycarbonyl (Dpoc) residue has been chosen for the selective protection of α‐amino groups in the synthesis of peptides containing additional acid‐labile protecting residues. It is easily introduced into amino‐acids by reacting either the mixed carbonate I or the azide III with esters or salts of amino‐acids. It is split by dilute acetic acid and other weakly acidic reagents at rates which permit a selective cleavage in the presence of other acid‐labile protecting groups, especially those derived from t‐butanolA number of peptide syntheses have been carried out with the new group either in the conventional manner or by the solid‐phase method. No effects due to steric hindrance, as observed previously with the N‐trityl residue, are encountered. The application of the Nα‐Dpoc group to solid‐phase peptide synthesis permits the use of a new combination of protecting groups in which the side chains of trifunctional amino‐acids are blocked by acid‐labile residues that can be easily split in the final step of the synthesis.
Die synthese von bis‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐ und bis‐(p‐nitrophenyl)‐keten und deren verhalten gegenüber sauerstoff und nucleophilen reagenzien
Authors: Droescher H. , Jenny E. F. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe synthesis of bis‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)‐ketene (IX) and of bis‐(p‐nitrophenyl)‐ketene (VI) from the corresponding aril‐monohydrazones is described. Whereas IX could be isolated in pure crystalline form, VI had to be prepared as a solution. Addition of methanol to diphenylketene (III) proceeds 1.6 times faster than to dianisylketene (IX). Bis‐(p‐nitrophenyl)‐ketene (VI) is considerably more reactive towards water than either III or IX; a quantitative determination of its relative reactivity was not possible. Dianisylketene reacts approximately 15 times faster with molecular oxygen and yields 4 times more of the corresponding diarylketone and carbon dioxide than do the ketenes III and VI. It is shown with 18O2 that molecular oxygen is indeed involved in the oxidation of dianisylketene to dimethoxybenzophenone and carbon dioxide.
Konstitution der Dihydropalustraminsäure und Bemerkungen zur Struktur des Palustrins
Authors: Mitteilung Vorläufige , Mayer C. , Trueb W. , Wilson J. , Eugster C.H. 
Published: February 2011

Durch Hofmann'schen Abbau, Hydrierung und Hydrolyse wurde aus dem Alkaloid Dihydropalustrin die Dihydropalustraminsäure. C10H19NO3. rein hergestellt. Sie hat die Konstitution einer [6‐(α‐Hydroxypropyl)‐piperidyl‐(2)]‐essigsäure.Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse wird eine modifizierte Konstitutionsformel für das Ausgangsalkaloid Palustrin (toxisches Hauptalkaloid von Equisttum palustre L.) vorgeschlagen.
Recherches dans la série des cyclitols XXXVII Etude par spectrométrie de masse
Authors: Buchs A. , Charollais E. , Posternak TH. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractLow resolution mass spectra of cyclohexane‐triols, ‐tetrols, ‐pentols and ‐hexols and of some of their deuterium labelled derivatives have been measured. The results indicate that for some geometrical isomers quantitative differences between ion intensities are significant, allowing to deduce the stereochemistry of the molecule from its mass spectrum. In all these compounds the electron impact induced elimination of water occurs mainly by interaction between OH groups. There is a correlation between the relative abundance of (M – H2O)+ and (M −2 H2O)+ ions and the number of axial hydroxyls in the more stable conformation of the molecule. Difficulties encountered in deducing fragmentation patterns, and determination of number and position of deuterium atoms in the molecule of ms‐inositol are discussed.
Glaskapillaren für die Gas‐chromatographie. Verbesserte Erzeugung und Prüfung stabiler Trennflüssigkeitsfilme
Authors: Grob K. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe role of wall coated capillaries in gas chromatography is discussed with emphasis on glass capillaries. Since theoretical knowledge concerning the spreading of liquids on the glass surface is still very insufficient, empirical rules for producing coherent liquid films are proposed. Improvements for the carbonization procedure are reported. Since carbonized glass is suited for a restricted range of moderately polar liquids only, three new modifications of the glass surface opening a broader choice of wettability characteristics are described: (1) Bonding of various organic substituents to the silica frame work. (2) Polymerization and cross linking of butadiene on the glass surface, eventually with engrafted polar groups. (3) Polymerization of trifluorchlorethylene on the glass surface.
Die Pregnanglykoside der oberirdischen Teile von Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R. Br.): Glykoside und Aglykone 307. Mitteilung
Authors: Schaub F. , Kaufmann H. , Stöcklin W. , Reichstein T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe dried twigs and stems of Sarcostemma viminale (the climbing shrub form from South Rhodesia) contain about 1% phenolic and a similar amount of glycosidic compounds derived from 2‐deoxysugars; only traces of cardenolides are present. After mild acidic hydrolysis 5 sugars could be detected and subsequently isolated in pure form. Three of them (d‐cymarose, d‐digitoxose and lilacinobiose) were obtained crystalline, the two others (d‐oleandrose and viminose) in amorphous form. Viminose is a new sugar, a disaccharide which contains d‐thevetose, and d‐Digitoxose at the reducing end [30 b].The mixture of aglycones, obtained after mild acidic hydrolysis, contained mainly five components (F, G, H. J and K), all of which could be isolated in pure form. F, G and J were crystalline. F was identified as metaplexigenin (1), J as mono‐O‐acetyl‐mono‐O‐benzoyl‐sarcostin (5) and K as 12,20‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐sarcostin (6). G and H are new compounds whose structures (G = 12‐O‐benzoyl‐deacetyl‐metaplexigenin (2), H = di‐O‐benzoyl‐viminolone (3)) are deduced in the following paper. After alkaline hydrolysis of the aglycone mixture, sarcostin, deacetylmetaplexigenin and small amounts of lineolon could be dedected by paper‐ and thinlayerchromatography.The two pregnane derivatives EA‐42 and EA‐43 described by Abisch et al. [21] could be identified with 3, 20‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐utendin and 3, 20‐di‐O‐benzoyl‐sarcostin, respectively.In the NMR.‐spectra of sarcostin and of many (not all) of its derivatives a strong signal (mostly a singlet corresponding to ca. 3 protons at ca. δ = 2 ppm) is present, which cannot be explained with the suggested structures. The cause of this extra signal could not be elucidated.
Die Struktur der Genine G (12‐O‐Benzoyl‐desacetylmetaplexigenin) und H (Di‐O‐benzoyl‐viminolon) aus den Stengeln von Sarcostemma viminale (L.) R.Br.: Glykoside und Aglykone 308. Mitteilung
Authors: Schaub F. , Stöcklin W. , Relchstein T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe following structures for the two new genins G and H from Sarcostemma viminale have been deduced. Genin G is shown to be 12‐O‐benzoyl‐deacetylmetaplcxigenin (3). On the basis of physical data, its behaviour in KOH‐methanol solution and its positive test with alcaline silver‐diammine solution, the structure of 3β, 8β, 14β, 17β‐tetrahydroxy‐12β, 21‐dibenzoyloxy‐20‐oxo‐17α‐pregn‐5‐ene (4) is proposed for genin H. This substance therefore contains a dihydroxyacetone group like some corticoids (e.g. Cortisol), but with different stereochemistry at C‐14 and C‐17.
Photochemische Reaktionen: 46. Mitteilung [1]: Zur Photochemie von α,β‐ungesättigten γ‐Aldehydoketonen I. Die UV.‐Bestrahlung von 3,19‐Dioxo‐17β‐acetoxy‐Δ4‐androsten
Authors: Pfenninger E. , Poel D. E. , Berse C. , Wehrli H. , Schaffner K. , Jeger O. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIrradiation of 3,19‐dioxo‐17β‐acetoxy‐Δ4‐androstene (2) at room temperature in either of its two absorption bands centered at about 245 and 315 nm, respectively, led to products 21, 22, and 23 (Chart 3). Compounds 21 and 22 result from rearrangements involving intramolecular formal 1,2‐ (→21) and 1,3‐shifts (→22) of the angular formyl group, and the formation of compound 23 proceeds through the elimination of the formyl radical and the incorporation of a hydrogen from the medium. Evidence favors the latter process to be a secondary radical reaction rather than a primary photochemical step.
Protonenresonanz‐Spektren des CycIohexa‐3,5‐dien‐1‐on‐Systems (ortho‐Dienone)
Authors: Regel W. , Von Philipsborn W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractProton magnetic resonance spectra of a scries of ortho‐dienones have been analyzed using multiple resonance and computer techniques. The sequence of the chemical shifts are in agreement with the calculated π‐electron distribution. The coupling constants of the ring protons are of like sign, whereas those of the methyl protons with the ring protons alternate in sign with the number of intervening bonds.
Abbau von Polypeptid‐Metall‐Komplexen VI.) Abbau des Ni2+‐Angiotensin‐II‐Komplexes durch H2O2
Authors: Ch. Curtius H. , Anders P. , Erlenmeyer H. , Sigel H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAfter degradation of the Ni2+ complex of val5‐angiotensin II‐asp1‐β‐amid by H2O2 the peptide fragments were separated by high voltage electrophoresis and by ion exchange. The fragments were hydrolyzed and the amino acids determined by the method of Stein & Moore.
Sur l'acylation des méthylfluorènes III [1]: Benzoylation et acétylation du méthyl‐3‐fluorène
Authors: Chardonnens Louis , Dousse Roland 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBenzoylation and acétylation of 3‐methyl‐fluorene according to Friedel‐Crafts in carbon disulfide with aluminium chloride yielded the corresponding 2‐acyl derivatives. By oxidation the benzoyl derivative gave 2‐benzoyl‐9‐oxo‐fluorene‐3‐carboxylic acid, cychsable into the known 2,3‐phthalyl‐fluorenone. By Clemmensen reduction, the acetyl derivative gave 3‐methyl‐2‐ethyl‐fluorene.
Reaktionen von niederwertigen Di‐cyclopentadienyl‐titan‐Verbindungen mit Sauerstoff und Stickstoffmonoxid
Authors: Salzmann J.‐J 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe reactions of di‐cyclpentadienyl‐titanium and di‐cyclopentadienyl‐di‐carbonyl‐titanium with oxygen lead to polymeric di‐cyclopentadienyl‐peroxo‐titanium. The reaction of di‐cyclopentadienyl‐titanium with nitrogen oxide gives a polymeric hyponitrit‐titanium compound. Both derivatives have been investigated by infrared spectra and gaschromatography.
Zur Kinetik des durch Cu2+‐Äthylendiamin katalysierten H2O2‐Zerfalls: Metallionen und H2O2, 14. Mitteilung
Authors: Kaden Thomas , Sigel Helmut 
Published: February 2011

AbstractKinetic studies of the Cu2+‐ethylenediamine catalysed decomposition of H2O2 show the initial rate v0 of H2O2 decomposition to be proportional to [H+]−1, [H2O2], and [Cu2+‐en]2. Maximal velocity is found at a ratio of [Cu2+]tot:[en]tot = 1:1,5. It is suggested that the active complex has a binuclear structure. This structure and probable mechanisms of the reaction are discussed. The kinetic measurements of the Cu2+‐diethylenetriamine‐H2O2 system are difficult to interprete because of degradation of the ligand by H2O2.
Beiträge zur Chemie der Si‐N‐Bindung, XII Cyclodisilazan‐Polymere
Authors: Fink Walter 
Published: February 2011

Cyclodisilazan‐Polymere der Formelnmagnified imagewerden A) durch die Pyrolyse von N,N'‐Diorganosdandiaminen mit aromatischen Diaminen sowie durch die katalytische Silylierung von aroniatischen und aliphatischen Draminen mit Silanen RnSiH4−n (n = 1 und 2), und B) durch die Reaktion von α,ω‐diorgano‐aminosilyl‐substituierten monomeren bis oligomeren Cyclodisilazanen mit Bisphenolen und difunktionellen Silanolen dargestellt. Über die physikahschen Eigenschaften dieser Polymeren wird berichtet.
A phase I study of vaccination with NY‐ESO‐1f peptide mixed with Picibanil OK‐432 and Montanide ISA‐51 in patients with cancers expressing the NY‐ESO‐1 antigen
Authors: Kakimi Kazuhiro , Isobe Midori , Uenaka Akiko , Wada Hisashi , Sato Eiichi , Doki Yuichiro , Nakajima Jun , Seto Yasuyuki , Yamatsuji Tomoki , Naomoto Yoshio , Shiraishi Kenshiro , Takigawa Nagio , Kiura Katsuyuki , Tsuji Kazuhide , Iwatsuki Keiji , Oka Mikio , Pan Linda , Hoffman Eric W. , Old Lloyd J. , Nakayama Eiichi 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe conducted a phase I clinical trial of a cancer vaccine using a 20‐mer NY‐ESO‐1f peptide (NY‐ESO‐1 91–110) that includes multiple epitopes recognized by antibodies, and CD4 and CD8 T cells. Ten patients were immunized with 600 μg of NY‐ESO‐1f peptide mixed with 0.2 KE Picibanil OK‐432 and 1.25 ml Montanide ISA‐51. Primary end points of the study were safety and immune response. Subcutaneous injection of the NY‐ESO‐1f peptide vaccine was well tolerated. Vaccine‐related adverse events observed were fever (Grade 1), injection‐site reaction (Grade 1 or 2) and induration (Grade 2). Vaccination with the NY‐ESO‐1f peptide resulted in an increase or induction of NY‐ESO‐1 antibody responses in nine of ten patients. The sera reacted with recombinant NY‐ESO‐1 whole protein as well as the NY‐ESO‐1f peptide. An increase in CD4 and CD8 T cell responses was observed in nine of ten patients. Vaccine‐induced CD4 and CD8 T cells responded to NY‐ESO‐1 91–108 in all patients with various HLA types with a less frequent response to neighboring peptides. The findings indicate that the 20‐mer NY‐ESO‐1f peptide includes multiple epitopes recognized by CD4 and CD8 T cells with distinct specificity. Of ten patients, two with lung cancer and one with esophageal cancer showed stable disease. Our study shows that the NY‐ESO‐1f peptide vaccine was well tolerated and elicited humoral, CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in immunized patients.