bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooling Performance Improvement for Two Hot Elastic Plates by Using Double Channels With Rotating Cylinders
Authors: Selimefendigil Fatih , Öztop Hakan F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Alternative cooling systems that can be used for thermal management in different technological applications such as in batteries, solar panels, electronic systems, and in diverse heat transfer equipments are needed. This study uses a hybrid channel system with rotating circular cylinders to explore the cooling of two heated elastic plates. The numerical analysis of a coupled fluid–structure–thermal system with rotating cylinders is done using the finite element technique with arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE). The study is carried out for different values of the Reynolds number (Re) in the upper channel flow (between 200 and 1000), the nondimensional rotational speeds of the cylinders (Ω in the range between −1000 and 1000), and the nondimensional location of the cylinders (between 0.4 and 1) taking into account the cooling of both the rigid and elastic plates. Rigid plates have better cooling performance than elastic ones. The cooling performance increases for both rigid and elastic plates, up to 26.1% and 31.7%, respectively, at the maximum upper channel flow Re. For elastic and rigid plates, counter-clockwise (CCW) rotation at maximum speed increases cooling performance by 18.5% and 19%, respectively, but clockwise (CW) rotation increments cooling performance by only 7%. The rigid plate’s cooling performance increases by 23.6% when rotation is activated at its maximum speed as opposed to a cooling system without cylinders. Thermal performance varies between 26% and 29% when the cylinder is positioned horizontally differently. By using optimization, the cooling performance increase with rotating cylinders at Re = 200, which is determined to be 73.6% more than that of the case without cylinders. Optimization results in an extra 11.2% increase in cooling performance at Re = 1000 when compared to the parametric computational fluid dynamics (CFD) scenario.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Methane/Air and Biogas/Air Coflow Flames in a Confined Coaxial Burner
Authors: Pattanashetti Arun , Santhosh R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The present experimental-cum-numerical work reports three different types of transitions (Type I, Type II, and Type III) observed in the flame topology of non-premixed methane/air and biogas/air coflow flames as the co-annular air Reynolds number (Rea) is varied from zero to maximum limit or till flame blows off/blows out for a given range of fuel Reynolds number (Ref). Type I transition represents the transformation from burner lip-attached flame to lifted flame and then backward propagation towards the burner exit plane as Rea is increased. In Type II transition, the burner lip-attached flame lifts off from the burner exit, stabilizes at a new location, and then extinguishes as Rea is increased. In Type III transition, the burner lip-attached flame directly extinguishes as Rea is increased. RANS-Based 3D numerical simulations are performed to simulate these three types of transitions (Type I, Type II, and Type III) using GRI 2.11 detailed reaction mechanism. Flow turbulence is modeled by employing the standard k−ɛ turbulent model. Flamelet-Generated Manifold (FGM) approach is used as the turbulent-combustion model. To validate the numerical method/models, the numerical temperature profiles have been compared against the experimental temperature measurements as a part of the present work. The numerical results are employed to gain further insights to understand flame–flow interactions.
Evaluating Model Robustness for Defect Identification and Classification in a Composite Aerostructure Material
Authors: Yunker Austin , Lake Rami , Kettimuthu Rajkumar , Kral Zachary 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aircraft structures are required to have a high level of quality to satisfy their need for light weight, efficient flight, and withstanding high loads over their lifespan. These aerostructures are typically made from a composite material due to their good tensile strength and resistance to compression. To ensure their structural integrity, the composite material requires inspection for common flaws such as porosity, delaminations, voids, foreign object debris, and other defects. Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a popular non-destructive inspection (NDI) technique used for effectively evaluating the composite material. Current inspection methods rely heavily on human experience and are extremely time consuming. Therefore, there is a need for the development of techniques to reduce the manual inspection time. This work compares the performance of different deep learning-based methods in the identification and classification of defects. Deep learning has shown great promise in numerous fields, and we show its effectiveness in the evaluation of the composite aerostructure material. The methods developed here are both highly reliable with a top recall value of 98.64% as well as extremely efficient requiring an average of 4 s during the inferencing stage to evaluate new composites. Finally, we investigate model robustness to concept drift by measuring its performance over time.
Draft genome sequencing of
Enterococcus avium
strains isolated from bovine mastitis
Authors: Rahaman Monira , Sultana Taniya , Rahman Md. Morshedur , Siddique Naim , Faisal Golam Mahbub , Hasan Mehedi Mahmudul , Das Ziban Chandra , Aminoor Rahman A. N. M. , Islam Tofazzal , Hoque M. Nazmul 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

We performed whole-genome sequencing of four multidrug-resistant
Enterococcus avium
strains isolated from milk (4M1), feces (4F1 and 4F2), and farm soil (4S1) of mastitic dairy cows. The draft genomes of
E. avium
strains 4M1, 4F1, 4F2, and 4S1 were approximately 4.2 Mbp, with 39.1% GC content and 66.5× coverage.
Complete genome sequence of
Paraburkholderia terrae
strain KU-46, a 2,4-dinitrophenol-degrading bacterium
Authors: Tanaka Tomoki , Okano Kenji , Iwaki Hiroaki 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Paraburkholderia terrae
strain KU-46 has been studied for its capability to degrade 2,4-dinitrophenol. Here, we present the complete 10,833,180bp genome of this microorganism, comprising five circular chromosomes housing 9,797 protein-coding sequences. The genes responsible for 2,4-dinitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol degradation are located on chromosome 2.
Genome analysis of
Salmonella enterica
serovar enteritis strains isolated from poultry and humans in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kagambèga Assèta , Ramadan Hazem , Dione Michel , Bouda Soutongnooma C. , Hiott Lari M. , McMillan Elizabeth A. , Sharma Poonam , Gupta Sushim K. , Barro Nicolas , Jackson Charlene R. , Frye Jonathan G. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to characterize four
Salmonella enterica
Enteritidis isolates from poultry (
n=2
) and human (
n=2
) from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Antimicrobial resistance genes, chromosomal mutations, and mobile genetic elements were identified by analysis of WGS data using sequence homology.
Escherichia coli
cells evade inducible parE toxin expression by reducing plasmid copy number
Authors: Ruan Shengfeng , Bourne Christina R. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Plasmids play important roles in microbial ecosystems, serving as carriers of antibiotic resistance and virulence. In the laboratory, they are essential tools for genetic manipulation and recombinant protein expression. We uncovered an intriguing survival phenotype in a fraction of the bacterial population while using plasmid-mediated arabinose-inducible gene expression to monitor the production of toxic ParE proteins. This phenotype was not correlated with changes to the plasmid sequence and could not be rescued by increasing arabinose uptake. Instead, survival correlates with a marked reduction in plasmid copy number (PCN). Reduced PCN is reproducible, not a function of the pre-existing population, and can be sequentially enriched by continual passage with induction. The reduction in PCN appears to allow mitigation of toxicity from the expression of ParE proteins while balancing the need to maintain a threshold PCN to withstand selection conditions. This indicates an adaptive cellular response to stressful conditions, likely by altering the regulation of plasmid replication. Furthermore, this survival mechanism appears to not be limited to a specific bacterial strain of
Escherichia coli
or ParE toxin family member, suggesting a generalized response. Finally, bacterial whole genome sequencing indicated an N845S residue substitution in DNA polymerase I, which correlates with the observed reduction in PCN and has been previously reported to impact plasmid replication. Further understanding this molecular mechanism has broader implications for this adaptive response of the dynamics of plasmid-mediated gene expression, microbial adaptation, and genetic engineering methodologies.

IMPORTANCE
This research has increased our understanding of how bacteria respond to the pressure from plasmid-borne toxic genes, such as those found in toxin-antitoxin systems. Surprisingly, we found that bacteria survived toxic ParE protein expression by reducing the number of these plasmids in the cells. This discovery reveals another way in which bacteria can balance toxin expression with antibiotic selection to attenuate the effects of deleterious genes. This insight is not only valuable for understanding bacterial survival strategies but may also influence the development of better tools in biotechnology, where plasmids are often used to study the functional roles of genes.
First report of KPC variants conferring ceftazidime-avibactam resistance in Colombia: introducing KPC-197
Authors: De la Cadena Elsa , Mojica María Fernanda , Rojas Laura J. , Castro Betsy E. , García-Betancur Juan Carlos , Marshall Steven H. , Restrepo Natalia , Castro-Caro Nancy Patricia , Fonseca-Carrillo Magalis , Pallares Christian , Bonomo Robert A. , Villegas María Virginia 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

Resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) due to
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC) variants is increasing worldwide. We characterized two CZA-resistant clinical
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strains by antimicrobial susceptibility test, conjugation assays, and WGS. Isolates belonged to ST258 and ST45, and produced a KPC-31 and a novel variant KPC-197, respectively. The novel KPC variant presents a deletion of two amino acids on the Ω-loop (del_168–169_EL) and an insertion of two amino acids in position 274 (Ins_274_DS). Continued surveillance of KPC variants conferring CZA resistance in Colombia is warranted.

IMPORTANCE

Latin America and the Caribbean is an endemic region for carbapenemases. Increasingly high rates of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase (KPC) have established ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) as an essential antimicrobial for the treatment of infections due to MDR Gram-negative pathogens. Although other countries in the region have reported the emergence of CZA-resistant KPC variants, this is the first description of such enzymes in Colombia. This finding warrants active surveillance, as dissemination of these variants could have devastating public health consequences.
Impacts on paediatricians testifying in cases of child maltreatment: protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Horstman Alyce , Smith J Anne S , Bassed Richard B , Bugeja Lyndal 
Published: May 2024

IntroductionPaediatricians perform medical assessments for children in cases of suspected child maltreatment. Due to their role with statutory child protection agencies and police, paediatricians may be asked to testify in court about child protection and criminal justice matters. To the authors’ knowledge, there has been no previous systematic review of the literature synthesising the evidence on the impacts on paediatricians testifying in cases of child maltreatment.Methods and analysisA search strategy comprising indexed and key terms will be applied to six electronic reference databases from inception to May 2023: Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Criminal Justice Abstracts and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts and full-text articles against predefined eligibility criteria to identify studies of interest. Conflicts will be independently adjudicated by a third reviewer.Ethics and disseminationSince the systematic review methodology aims at synthesising information from available publications, this study does not require ethical approval. An article reporting the results of the systematic review will be submitted for publication in a scientific journal, presented at relevant conferences and used in subsequent stakeholder consultations.
Unveiling molecular insights: in silico exploration of TLR4 antagonist for management of dry eye syndrome
Authors: Sudhakar Kothandan , Dugar Neeru , Jupudi Srikanth , Ashwin Ravichandran , Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundDry eye disease is the most commonplace multifractional ocular complication, which has already affected millions of people in the world. It is identified by the excessive buildup of reactive oxygen species, leading to substantial corneal epithelial cell demise and ocular surface inflammation attributed to TLR4. In this study, we aimed to identify potential compounds to treat of dry eye syndrome by exploring in silico methods.MethodsIn this research, molecular docking and dynamics simulation tests were used to examine the effects of selected compounds on TLR4 receptor. Compounds were extracted from different databases and were prepared and docked against TLR4 receptor via Autodock Vina. Celastrol, lumacaftor and nilotinib were selected for further molecular dynamics studies for a deeper understanding of molecular systems consisting of protein and ligands by using the Desmond module of the Schrodinger Suite.ResultsThe docking results revealed that the compounds are having binding affinity in the range of −5.1 to −8.78 based on the binding affinity and three-dimensional interactions celastrol, lumacaftor and nilotinib were further studied for their activity by molecular dynamics. Among the three compounds, celastrol was the most stable based on molecular dynamics trajectory analysis from 100 ns in the catalytic pockets of 2Z63.pdb.pdb. Root mean square deviation of celastrol/2Z63 was in the range of 1.8–4.8 Å.ConclusionIn particular, Glu376 of TLR4 receptor is crucial for the identification and binding of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are part of Gram-negative bacteria’s outer membrane. In our investigation, celastrol binds to Glu376, suggesting that celastrol may prevent the dry eye syndrome by inhibiting LPS’s binding to TLR4.
CHMP2A regulates broad immune cell-mediated antitumor activity in an immunocompetent in vivo head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model
Authors: Yun Jiyoung , Saddawi-Konefka Robert , Goldenson Benjamin , Al-Msari Riyam , Bernareggi Davide , Thangaraj Jaya L , Tang Shiqi , Patel Sonam H , Luna Sarah M , Gutkind J Silvio , Kaufman Dan 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundNatural killer (NK) cells are key effector cells of antitumor immunity. However, tumors can acquire resistance programs to escape NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Identifying mechanisms that mediate this resistance enables us to define approaches to improve immune-mediate antitumor activity. In previous studies from our group, a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen identified Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 2A (CHMP2A) as a novel mechanism that mediates tumor intrinsic resistance to NK cell activity.MethodsHere, we use an immunocompetent mouse model to demonstrate that CHMP2A serves as a targetable regulator of not only NK cell-mediated immunity but also other immune cell populations. Using the recently characterized murine 4MOSC model system, a syngeneic, tobacco-signature murine head and neck squamous cell carcinoma model, we deleted mCHMP2A using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-out (KO), following orthotopic transplantation into immunocompetent hosts.ResultsWe found that mCHMP2A KO in 4MOSC1 cells leads to more potent NK-mediated tumor cell killing in vitro in these tumor cells. Moreover, following orthotopic transplantation, KO of mCHMP2A in 4MOSC1 cells, but not the more immune-resistant 4MOSC2 cells enables both T cells and NK cells to better mediate antitumor activity compared with wild type (WT) tumors. However, there was no difference in tumor development between WT and mCHMP2A KO 4MOSC1 or 4MOSC2 tumors when implanted in immunodeficient mice. Mechanistically, we find that mCHMP2A KO 4MOSC1 tumors transplanted into the immunocompetent mice had significantly increased CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells. NK cell, as well as fewer myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC).ConclusionsTogether, these studies demonstrate that CHMP2A is a targetable inhibitor of cellular antitumor immunity.
Heterogeneity of right ventricular echocardiographic parameters in systemic lupus erythematosus among four clinical subgroups, as stratified by clinical organ involvement in observational cohort
Authors: Bourg Corentin , Le Tallec Erwan , Curtis Elizabeth , Lee Charlotte , Bouzille Guillaume , Oger Emmanuel , Lescort Alain , Donal Erwan 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease. Cardiac involvement in SLE is rare but plays an important prognostic role. The degree of cardiac involvement according to SLE subsets defined by non-cardiac manifestations is unknown. The objective of this study was to identify differences in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) parameters associated with different SLE subgroups.MethodsOne hundred eighty-one patients who fulfilled the 2019 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for SLE and underwent baseline TTE were included in this cross-sectional study. We defined four subsets of SLE based on the predominant clinical manifestations. A multivariate multinomial regression analysis was performed to determine whether TTE parameters differed between groups.ResultsFour clinical subsets were defined according to non-cardiac clinical manifestations: group A (n=37 patients) showed features of mixed connective tissue disease, group B (n=76 patients) had primarily cutaneous involvement, group C (n=18) exhibited prominent serositis and group D (n=50) had severe, multi-organ involvement, including notable renal disease. Forty TTE parameters were assessed between groups. Per multivariate multinomial regression analysis, there were statistically significant differences in early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity (RV-Ea, p<0.0001), RV S’ wave (p=0.0031) and RV end-diastolic diameter (p=0.0419) between the groups. Group B (primarily cutaneous involvement) had the lowest degree of RV dysfunction.ConclusionWhen defining clinical phenotypes of SLE based on organ involvement, we found four distinct subgroups which showed notable differences in RV function on TTE. Risk-stratifying patients by clinical phenotype could help better tailor cardiac follow-up in this population.
Investigating the influence of polyethylene terephthalate fibres with different lengths on the cracking resistance of high-performance asphalt concrete
Authors: Ahmed Nirob , Saleh Mohamed , Moghaddam Taher Baghaee , Hashemian Leila 
Published: May 2024

High-performance asphalt concrete is an innovative paving material that typically relies on the properties of polymer-modified asphalt binders. However, the application is limited due to their high cost and phase separation issues. A solution is explored in the present study by blending 12% asphaltenes and a straight-run asphalt binder with a true performance grade of 70.2–25.9, resulting in a true performance grade of 82.9–21.8, which elevates the binder’s stiffness. Three lengths of polyethylene terephthalate fibres are used to improve the cracking resistance of these asphaltenes-modified mixes. An indirect tensile cracking test is conducted at 25 and 37 °C, revealing a significant improvement in cracking tolerance and failure energy, particularly at 37 °C. The cracking tolerance index value peaked at 105 for 12 mm polyethylene terephthalate fabricated sample, while control asphaltenes-modified, 6 mm, and 18 mm polyethylene terephthalate fabricated samples achieved 61, 87, and 99, respectively, with failure energy increasing with longer fibres.
Discriminating interacting dark energy models using Statefinder diagnostic
Authors: Carrasco Raul , Rincón Ángel , Saavedra Joel , Videla Nelson 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the present work, we perform a comparative study of different interacting dark energy (DE) models using the Statefinder diagnostics. In particular, 17 different forms of the energy transfer rate Q between DE and dark matter (DM) were focused on, belonging to the following categories: (i) linear models in energy densities of DE and DM, (ii) non-linear models, (iii) models with a change of direction of energy transfer between DE and DM, (iv) models involving derivatives of the energy densities, (v) parametrized interactions through a function of the coincidence parameter $$\tilde{r}$$

r
~

, and finally we also consider (vi) two kinds of models with a self-interaction between DM, without DE. These models have been already studied in the literature and constrained with observational data available at that time. In order to discriminate between them at background level, we use the Statefinder diagnostic, based on the computation and study of the so-called Statefinder parameters r, s in addition to the deceleration parameter q. We plot the evolution trajectories for the several interacting models on the $$r-q$$

r
-
q

, $$r-s$$

r
-
s

planes, and we find some distinctive features and departures from $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM and other DE models, as Quintessence, Chaplygin Gas, running vacuum models (RVM) and Galileon.
Raging with the Machine in the Uncanny Valley: Human–AI Cocreativity in the Eurovision-Themed AI Song Contest
Authors: Uitdenbogerd Alexandra L. , Bown Oliver , Hill Charlton , Pegram Caroline , Shave Justin , Wright Brendan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We report here the processes involved in creating our entry in the 2020 AI Song Contest, “Beautiful the World”; the technical innovations from the project; and the decision-making that divided tasks between human and machine in a way that ensured that the final creation was AI-inspired but human-created, starting from generated melodies, lyrics, and timbres. Key innovations include the use of lyric stress patterns as queries to a stress-based melody index to a database of generated melodies, and the creation of a novel instrument timbre with differential digital signal processing, trained on Australian animal calls. We reflect on how human–AI cocreativity occurred during the process and how it may develop in the future.