bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing health promotional skills among medical undergraduates for tuberculosis patients
Authors: Bala Manju , Arora Vikramjeet , Chawla Bharti , Gautam Neha 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Involving medical undergraduate students in patients’ health education will not only help in improving students’ learning as well as professional and communication skills but also plays an important role in achieving better health outcome of patients. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of students led educational intervention regarding tuberculosis (TB) on their learning and on the patients’ knowledge and attitude towards the disease.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
One hundred medical undergraduates were included in the study. An integrated lecture on TB was given to all participants followed by preintervention test on TB. One group was then subjected to interactive traditional lecture. Whereas the videos reflecting the experiences of TB patients were shown to the other group and was given an assignment to prepare educational leaflets for TB patients followed by postintervention test for both groups. The patients’ satisfaction level with the information given via educational leaflet and the overall perceived benefits of this activity by the students were assessed. Data analysis done using SPSS version 23.0. Independent and paired t-test were used to calculate difference of means for quantitative variables.

RESULTS:
Two groups were comparable preintervention however postintervention there was significant improvement in knowledge in the study group (P0.000). Overall 74.2% of the patients were satisfied with the information provided through leaflets. Students’ feedback highlighted that majority of the them felt benefitted from this activity.

CONCLUSION:
It can be concluded that such type of educational interventions have dual benefits, i.e., learning for the students as well as providing health education to patients which in turn will improve their clinical outcome.
Ottawa prenatal educator e-survey
Authors: Terrell Rowan M. , Soucy Nura L. , Chedid Rebecca A. , Phillips Karen P. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Prenatal education provides opportunities for health promotion of healthy behaviors and risk reduction. Quality and coherence with prenatal health promotion best practices depend on an individual class instructor. The objective of our study was to document the experiences, practices, and perceptions of our diverse Ottawa, Canada community of prenatal educators.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this quantitative, mixed methods e-survey conducted in Ottawa, Canada, prenatal educators were asked to describe their prenatal class settings, delivery formats, content, perceptions of pregnant women, and recommendations. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.

RESULTS:
Respondents included public health nurses and a diverse group of “allied childbirth educators” (ACE). Topics related to pregnancy, labor, and postpartum issues were well addressed; however, established and emerging risks to pregnancy were omitted. Nurses were more likely to discuss lifestyle risks to pregnancy and general prenatal health promotion, whereas ACE respondents emphasized informed consent and individualized counseling. Women marginalized by social exclusion including Indigenous women, immigrants, and women with disabilities were perceived as missing from prenatal educational settings.

CONCLUSIONS:
Heterogeneity of prenatal education provides opportunities for collaboration; however, established and emerging risk factors to pregnancy are neglected topics. Addressing the needs of diverse communities of pregnant women requires timely, evidence-based, inclusive, and culturally safe delivery of prenatal health promotion.
Confusion at the beginning of sexual intercourse, the challenge of patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Iran
Authors: Pourebrahimi Mohammad , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Taghipour Hamidreza , Ebadi Abbas , Gholizadeh Leila , Hosseini Mohammadali 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Many patients suffer from sexual dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, but they refuse to propose and follow up on the problem due to the cultural structures prevailing in Iranian society. Untreated sexual dysfunction will disturb the quality of life of these patients. This study was performed to explain the experiences of male patients from sexual problems after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This qualitative study was performed with the approach of conventional content analysis in Tehran in 2020. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 men after coronary artery bypass graft surgery at the hospital's cardiac surgery clinic, as well as the surgeon's clinic. Participants were selected by the targeted sampling method. After obtaining informed consent, the collected data were written word by word, and the content analysis approach was used to name the data, create analytical codes, and determine subcategories and categories. The data were analyzed by MAXQDA 10 software.

RESULTS:
The findings of this study show that the dimensions of confusion in patients’ sexual intercourse after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in four subcategories of challenges of the first intercourse after surgery, ambiguity in how to obtain information, the ambiguity of sexual issues after surgery, and spouse are concerned about having sexual intercourse.

CONCLUSION:
The results of this study show that male patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery have many ambiguities in the process of sexual intercourse, which passes the beginning of sexual intercourse with fear and avoidance of intercourse. Postoperative patients do not propose these problems with the medical staff when they suffer from sexual dysfunction or ambiguity due to the taboo of talking about sexual intercourse. Eventually, the patient and his or her partner become confused about sexual intercourse after surgery. Therefore, it is recommended that policymakers in the field of health create the culture and planning for solving the ambiguities created in the path of sexual intercourse of these patients.
Relationship between the sense of coherence, self-directed learning readiness, and academic performance in Malaysian undergraduate dental students
Authors: Siddiqui Fawaz Shamim , Nerali Jayashri Tamanna , Telang Lahari Ajay 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Stress and low psychological well-being among students in higher education impact their academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between SOC, SDLR, and academic performance in year 3, 4, and 5 undergraduate dental students.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Two hundred and ten students completed a validated questionnaire on SOC and SDLR. The percentage of marks obtained by these students in their year-end examination was used as their academic performance. The SOC scores were further divided into three hierarchical clusters using cluster analysis. The data were analyzed to determine the difference in the SDLR scores and academic performance among the three clusters. Furthermore, the relationship between SOC scores, SDLR scores, and academic performance was assessed.

RESULTS:
The SDLR scores significantly increased from the low SOC cluster to the high SOC cluster (P = 0.026). However, there was no significant change in academic performance. A positive relationship was found between the SOC and the academic performance (R = +0.025; P > 0.05). The SDLR had a significant positive relationship with both SOC and academic performance (R = +0.27; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Although SOC may not have a direct influence on academic performance, SDLR can play an intermediary role. Early identification and timely intervention in students with a weak SOC and low SDLR can have a beneficial influence on their academic life.
Feasibility and usefulness of online virtual training of urology residents in times of COVID-19
Authors: Narain Tushar Aditya , Mittal Ankur , Singh Vanya , Panwar Vikas Kumar 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The COVID-19 disease has resulted in an almost complete shutdown of all services worldwide. Hospitals continued to provide emergency services and treatment for COVID-19 disease. Teaching hospitals like ours had another responsibility at hand; training of our surgical residents. Not allowing this pandemic to take away months of training, we resorted to online virtual training programs, for continuing academic activities. After having conducted thirty such sessions, we took feedback from the participating students and faculty members to evaluate the usefulness of this new initiative and identify the lacunae that needed to be addressed.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The initial twenty classes were held on the GoTo Meeting ® online platform, whereas the last ten were conducted using the Google Meet application. A 20-item questionnaire covering four broad domains of general perception, feasibility, knowledge gained, and drawbacks was circulated, and 19 responses were registered anonymously. Strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat analysis was done based on the responses received.

RESULTS:
About 89.5% of the participants believed that online classes were the ideal platform for continuing education and 84.2% of the participants were overall satisfied with the whole exercise. The Achilles’ heel was the availability of a good Internet connection, and the major lacunae were the poor quality of video and audio transmission. Seventy-four percent of the participants wanted to continue online training in the future too, whereas 26% wanted to revert to the traditional face-to-face teaching.

CONCLUSION:
Online virtual training classes are an effective and feasible alternative to traditional teaching in times such as these, which demanded strict social distancing. It naturally lacked the warmth and personal touch of the traditional teaching classes, but it allowed us to continue teaching our residents and also prepare them to face the biggest menace of all times.
Entry level nursing graduate students’ perception and readiness toward online component of blended learning
Authors: Swaminathan Narasimman , Ravichandran Latha , Ramachandran Sivakumar , Milanese Steve , Singaravelu Rajeswari , Govindaraj Pitchaimani 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Blended learning (BL), the integration of online with face to face teaching, is established as a teaching method in higher education. Understanding the learner's readiness toward online component of BL is important in designing and delivering BL. Nursing students require proficiency in interpersonal relationship and social interaction apart from knowledge and skills. BL may provide an opportunity to acquire the professional skills better than the traditional face to face sessions. The objectives of this study were to identify the nursing student's readiness toward BL and perceptions about the online learning component of BL.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
First- and second-year entry level graduate nursing students of Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education, Chennai, India, were the participants of the study. This study used a mixed method approach. An online questionnaire, developed based on the literature and expert consensus, was used in the first phase. A focus group discussion (FGD) with ten random participants of the survey was conducted to understand the perceptions and readiness to adopt the online component of BL. The present study was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020. Survey results were analyzed through descriptively. Content analysis was carried to summarize FGD results.

RESULTS:
A total 158 students of entry level nursing graduate programme participated in the survey. 53.8% of felt BL will have positive effect on their learning and 70% of the respondents were ready to adopt BL. The FGD identified two themes: (I) Readiness to adopt online learning as a component of BL and (II) perceived barriers and challenges in adopting online contents.

CONCLUSION:
Entry level nursing graduate students had a positive perception about the online components. Majority of them are confident in accessing the online contents. Willingness to learn through online, previous experience with online learning, and perceived advantages of online component might influence the learner's readiness. Availability of internet and absence of teachers were perceived as the barriers to online learning by the participants.
Social barriers as a challenge in seeking mental health among Saudi Arabians
Authors: Alissa Nawal A. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
To extend our knowledge of social barriers in relation to mental health, the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of social barriers on mental health help-seeking among Saudi Arabians aged 18 years and above.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1632 participants in 2018 during the months of October and November. The participants completed self-administered online surveys about the demographic characteristics, social barriers, and knowledge and attitudes about mental health.

RESULTS:
The majority of the participants agreed that social barriers could prevent them from seeking mental health help. Stigma was chosen as the most common social barrier among the participants (76.3%), followed by culture (61.5%) and negative perceptions (56.2%).

CONCLUSION:
Social barriers are a challenge in seeking mental health. Increasing public awareness of available services and resources as well as developing programs to fight stigmatization should be initiated to create more positive attitudes toward people with mental illness and promote holistic well-being.
An analysis of the challenges in recruiting clinical teachers in Iranian medical universities
Authors: Sadeghian Akram , Tofighi Shahram , Yamani Nikoo , Changiz Tahereh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Employing appropriate and deserving staff is goal of human resource management (HRM). A group of staff at medical science universities are clinical teachers. Considering the position and importance of these peoples, this study addresses the challenges of recruiting clinical teachers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This is a qualitative study of the conventional content analysis done in Isfahan medical university in 2018. The participants were selected through intensity sampling of purposive sampling method, and data were obtained through semi-structured interviews conducted to survey 23 experts and clinical faculty members concerning the challenges involved in employing clinical teachers. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis method and OneNote 2013.

RESULTS:
Two main categories and ten subcategories were classified as follows: HRM inadequacy in educational departments with six subscales such as indefiniteness of the workforce status for HR managers, reluctance of educational departments to increase human resources, nonproportionality of the teacher–student ratio, recruitment of faculty based on the needs in the treatment sector, weakness of the infrastructure to use nonfaculty teachers, and reduced public interest in employment as a faculty and weakness of the selection process with four subscales based on data analysis such as undesirable manner of selection, recruitment based on the score given by the national board of medical examiners, purpose-based calls to recruit predefined individuals, and personal and emotional issues, rather than managerial standards, governing cooperation with teachers.

CONCLUSION:
Recruitment process is part of HRM tasks. Employment system in a medical sciences university must be considered to improve the clinical faculty recruitment. HRM inadequacy in educational departments and weakness of the selection process are challenges that affect the employment system. According to these findings, it is necessary to review the regulations and tasks of HRM in medical sciences universities.
The effect of self-management intervention program on the lifestyle of postmyocardial infarction patients
Authors: Amini Roya , Rajabi Maryam , Azami Hiva , Soltanian Alireza 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Most patients with myocardial infarction (MI) suffer from one or more risk factors such as obesity and overweight, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activity (PA), and high blood pressure. Individual control of these risk factors by lifestyle modification raises the probability of survival in these patients; hence, we used a self-management intervention to assess its effect on the lifestyle of post-MI patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 92 hospitalized MI patients in Hamadan province in 2016. Convenience sampling method was used for selecting the participants. The patients were selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. The main parameters (diet, blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index [BMI]) were measured at the baseline and 8 weeks after discharge. Domestic PA was the only parameter measured 8 weeks after their discharge. A self-management intervention was adopted for the experimental group. The data were analyzed using paired and independent-sample t-tests with SPSS software version 16.

RESULTS:
The comparison of the scores obtained for diet, blood pressure, waist circumference, and BMI in post-MI patients revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups at the beginning of the study (P > 0.05). Following the intervention, the experimental group had a significantly higher mean score for diet and domestic PA (walking program from 1st week to 8 weeks), compared to the control group (P < 0.001); however, the intervention had no significant effect on BMI, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic pressure (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
The findings indicated that the program had an impact on some risk factors. Therefore, it is recommended to use self-management support in MI patients during the discharge process to improve their lifestyle.
Effectiveness and adverse drug reactions of levetiracetam and midazolam in refractory neonatal seizure
Authors: Jayswal Diptiman , Roy Uttam Kumar , Ghosh Taraknath , Mandal Purnendu 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Neonatal seizure (NS) reflects serious underlying brain injury, requiring immediate evaluation and early treatment. In neonates, phenobarbitone and phenytoin are used primarily to control the seizures. If uncontrolled, widespread off-label use of midazolam and levetiracetam was practiced. These drugs gained popularity though there are no such studies available on literature search comparing them. The present study was designed to explore these lacunae using these two drugs in refractory cases. To study the efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of midazolam and levetiracetam not responding to usual line of therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 69 neonates in the NICU and Department of Pharmacology in Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal. Patients receiving midazolam or levetiracetam when uncontrolled with first line antiepileptics, namely, phenobarbitone and phenytoin, were considered eligible. The study variables were time to control seizure, seizure recurrence and frequency, and treatment-related adverse events. analysis used Mann–Whitney U-test were applied Comparison with respect to time to control and Chi-square test were applied to detect difference in proportion for ADRs. The SPSS Statistics 17.0 was used for analysis.

RESULTS:
We compared the time periods to control neonatal seizure for effectiveness between levetiracetam and midazolam showing no significant difference (P = 0.190). Comparing the portion of recurrences in two groups gives statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.878) result. Only respiratory depression was seen in the levetiracetam group (12.90%) and midazolam group (18.42%). All adverse events were 'probable’ as per the WHO-UMC criteria, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two drugs (P = 0.533).

CONCLUSIONS:
Both midazolam and levetiracetam are equally effective and safe in NS not responding to usual line of treatment.
Comparative evaluation of the effect of impregnated retraction cord versus laser on gingival attachment level and pain perception following retraction for subgingival margins - A prospective, split-mouth, controlled, clinical study
Authors: Diwan Vipul , Chauhan Manish R. , Tembhurne Jyoti , Gangurde Arti , Wani Hemraj , Danane Saurabh 
Published: April 2024

Aim:
To evaluate and compare the effect of impregnated retraction cord vs Laser on gingival attachment level and pain perception following retraction for subgingival margins.

Settings and Design:
Many methods for achieving and measuring the amount of gingival retraction in fixed prosthodontic work have been advocated. Though the gingival attachment level is crucial in Periodontology, the literature available regarding the effect of these retraction methods on the same is scarce. Hence, this clinical study was designed to compare the pain perception and amount of gingival recession when impregnated cord and laser were used for retraction.

Materials and Methods:
In 40 subjects (age range of 20 to 40 years) with single missing maxillary incisor, the abutments were prepared with subgingival margins, to receive a full coverage metal-ceramic fixed dental prosthesis. The gingiva was retracted on one of the abutments with impregnated retraction cord and on the other with diode laser. Gingival attachment levels were compared at six sites per abutment using superimposition of digital scans, preoperative and four weeks after cementation of final prosthesis.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Statistical analysis of the data for gingival recession was done using t-test. Pain perception was analysed with Chi-square test. Pain perception by patients following retraction was compared with VAS scale.

Results:
The average values of gingival recession on buccal side were 0.61 mm and 0.38 mm and on the palatal side were 0.58 mm and 0.35 mm for impregnated retraction cord and laser respectively. The P values of <0.01 indicated a highly significant difference between the two groups. Intragroup comparison did not show significant differences between various sites. Pain and discomfort produced by cord method was moderate in comparison with mild/no pain with diode laser and the difference was highly significant.
Conclusion: Retraction cord produced more gingival recession than the diode laser, which was statistically highly significant on both buccal and palatal aspects of the teeth. Patients experience with diode laser technique was less painful in comparison with retraction cord method.