bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between hemostasis and acute mesenteric ischemia: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Xie Xiaolong , Yang Gang , Pei Jiao , Wu Yang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: Hemostatic abnormality has been observed in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) but causal effects of hemostatic factors on AMI are still not clear.
Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) analyses using summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data to explore the potential causal effects of 23 hemostatic factors on acute mesenteric ischemia.
Results: Statistically significant association between genetically determined plasminogen levels and acute mesenteric ischemia were observed. A genetically predicted one SD increase of plasma plasminogen was associated with an odds ratio of 0.41(95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24 to 0.68, P = 0.0007). Sensitivity analysis of weighted median method also supported the result of main analysis. Other hemostatic factors in this study were not shown to have significant associations with AMI.
Conclusion: Genetically decreased blood level of plasminogen was causally associated with genetically predicted risk of AMI. Our result suggested potential causal roles hemostatic factors in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of AMI.
Association between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease on CT and Myocardial Infarct Size using SPECT-MPI in patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Cui Weiwei , Li Ningjun , Gao Xiao , Liu Xuehuan , Bai Qingshuang , Li Zuoxi , Zhou Zhibo , Yu Hong , Yu Li , Li Can , Lian Xinying , Liu Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: We aim to explore the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), intrathoracic fat (IF), pericardial fat (PF) and myocardial infarct size (MIS) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: SPECT-MPI was used to detect MIS, while CT scans were used to measure IF, PF, and NAFLD in patients with STEMI. Firstly, we categorised the patients into two groups (those with measurable and nonmeasurable MIS). The difference in fat between the two groups was compared using a two-sample t-test to determine which type of fat might be correlated with MIS. Secondly, the association between the related fats obtained in the aforementioned steps and MIS was evaluated using linear regression analysis. Third, to further verify this association at the molecular level, we explored the potential shared genes associated with related fat obtained in the above steps and acute myocardial infarction via bioinformatics analysis using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Finally, the association between the expression of shared genes in the serum of patients with STEMI and related fat was confirmed using Pearson’s correlation analysis.
Results: The volume and fat attenuation index of IF and PF showed no difference between patients with MIS and those without. However, the L/S of NAFLD on CT reduced significantly in patients with MIS (P =0.001). The L/S of NAFLD on CT was an independent predictor of MIS on SPECT-MPI in patients with STEMI (P =0.042). We identified ST2, THBD, LEPR, and CEBP-α in NAFLD and acute myocardial infarction cases from the GEO database (P <0.05). Compared to patients with STEMI without NAFLD, those with NAFLD exhibited a reduction in sST2 levels (P=0.042); however, no differences were observed in THBD, LEPR, and CEBP-α levels. Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between L/S and sST2 levels (r=0.459, P =0.032).
Conclusions:Among patients with STEMI, the L/S of NAFLD, but not IF or PF, was associated with MIS on SPECT-MPI. Additionally, the L/S of NAFLD on CT emerged as an independent predictor of MIS. The expression of sST2, a biomarker associated with NAFLD and STEMI, positively correlated with the L/S on CT imaging.
Can Force-Velocity Profiles Using a Trap-Bar or Body Jump Height Ratio Serve as Alternatives to Those Using a Straight-Bar?
Authors: Chiba Itaru , Oguro Takashi , Kobayashi Tetsuro , Kobayashi Yasunaga , Makino Yosuke , Hashimoto Sena , Seki Shotaro , Inkwan Hwang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Vertical force-velocity profiles (FVP) derived from squat jumps (SJ) or countermovement jumps (CMJ) with straight-bars (SB) offer valuable insights into neuromuscular function, yet concerns arise regarding spinal loading and injury risks during high-load exercises.
Aims
To evaluate (i) differences and relationships between variables using conventional FVP of SJs with SB and trap-bar (TB), and (ii) potential relationships between FVP variables and those from body weight jumps.
Methods
The randomized crossover design involved 15 participants performing SJ, CMJ without arm swing (CMJ w/o AS), CMJ with arm swing (CMJ w/ AS), and loaded SJ with additional body weights (40%, 60%, and 80%) under SB and TB conditions. FVP variables including theoretical maximum force (F0), velocity (V0), power (Pmax), slope of the force-velocity linear relationship (Sfv), and force-velocity imbalance (FVimb) were calculated with multiple SJs. The CMJ w/o AS height to SJ height ratio (CMJ/SJ) determined the explosive strength deficit.
Results
Loaded SJ height was significantly higher in the TB condition than that in SB (p < 0.050). F0 and FVimb values calculated were significantly higher with TB (p < 0.010), whereas V0 and Sfv were significantly higher with SB (p < 0.010). FVimb was significantly and positively correlated with both conditions (p = 0.007), and the correlation between Sfv and CMJ/SJ in the TB group was also significant (p = 0.041).
Conclusions
FVP calculated with multiple SJs using SB and TB can be used interchangeably, while CMJ/SJ could partially serve as an alternative to FVP.
A rationally optimised batch bioreactor cultivation of Viola odorata plant cells for sustainable production of its key bioactive principles
Authors: R Babu , Srivast Smita 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Viola odorata plant extracts are extensively used in indigenous medicine to treat infectious diseases. V. odorata's limited availability in nature, due to geographical conditions and adulteration, makes continuous supply of high-quality plant raw material challenging. This results in low-quality plant extracts that can have inconsistent and sometimes adverse effects when used in medicine. As an effective solution, in vitro plant biomass cultivation conserves plant diversity, ensuring high-quality raw materials with uniform quality and quantity. Toward this, the current study focuses on establishing bioprocess strategy to achieve maximum V. odorata biomass productivity up to bioreactor level. In this context, in vitro culture conditions were rationally optimised, focusing upon both statistical optimization and one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach, for improved biomass productivity. In particular, basal medium, carbon and nitrogen source, inoculum density, macronutrient concentration, shaking speed, temperature, pH, light intensity, and plant growth regulators were systematically optimized in order to achieve the maximum biomass. This led to increased biomass production from 10.2 ± 0.8 g DW L-1 to 21.68 ± 0.82 g DW L-1 within 12 days of the batch cultivation period. Optimized culture conditions were implemented in three different types of bioreactors, namely, stirred tank, airlift, and bubble column, to cultivate V. odorata biomass. Of these three methods, cultivation in a stirred tank reactor produced ~19.7 g DW L-1 of maximum biomass within a 12-day batch cultivation period. Further, the metabolite profile of the bioreactor cultivated biomass (alcoholic extract) was compared with that of the natural plant biomass using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolomics, yielding around 18 key principles (metabolites) that exhibit resemblance with that in the natural source. The antibacterial activity of the plant extract was tested against three bacteria responsible for respiratory tract infections, and their antioxidant activity was compared with that of Vitamin E, wherein the results demonstrated comparable activity. The novelty of this study is in the fact that the V. odorata plant cells were cultivated in bioreactors for the first time for potential medicinal applications. It provides an alternative method for sustainable production of plant biomass, thereby conserving the natural plant sources.
Sex differences in the incidence, mortality, and survival outcomes of lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Xing Ziping , Cao Ping , Li Zifeng , Dong Rui , Li Jun , Ma Yangyang , Chen Lian , Chen Xiaotian , Qian Xiaowen , Wang Hongsheng , Qian Maoxiang , Zhai Xiaowen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
The phenomenon of males exhibiting higher lymphoma incidence and mortality rates than females has been widely recognized, and many survival analyses of certain lymphoma subtypes have incorporated sex as a critical prognostic determinant. However, comprehensive research on these sex-based differences in lymphomas remains limited.
Methods
This study aimed to conduct an integrated population-based analysis of sex-based disparities across various lymphoma subtypes using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We assessed the age-adjusted incidence rates of cases in the SEER22 and incidence-based mortality rates in the SEER12. The rates were stratified according to subtype, sex, race/ethnicity (incidence and mortality), age at diagnosis, and year of diagnosis (incidence only). Furthermore, we compared the risks of all-cause mortality, cancer-specific mortality, and cardiovascular disease-related mortality based on sex in SEER17.
Results
Our findings revealed that males had a higher likelihood of developing lymphoma and exhibited higher mortality rates than females for most lymphoma subtypes. These sex-based disparities in incidence and mortality were relatively consistent across five racial/ethnic groups. However, sex-based disparities in cancer incidence varied among age groups, and a trend toward narrowing differences with increasing age was observed in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL), mantle cell lymphoma, and Burkitt lymphoma. Over the past two decades, trends in sex-based disparities of lymphoma incidence have remained stable. Regarding survival outcomes, males faced an increased risk of death compared to females for most lymphoma subtypes, except for NLPHL.
Conclusions
The results of our study underscore the complex and multifaceted nature of sex-based disparities in lymphoma and may offer valuable guidance for future research to unravel the potential causes of these differences.
Adaptation of the Online Moral Disengagement Scale in Turkish: Its Association with Empathetic Tendency and Cyberbullying
Authors: Bakioğlu Fuad , Çapan Bahtiyar Eraslan , Kırteke Sami , Pakpour Amir H 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Traditional moral disengagement is observed in daily life. However, as the time spent in virtual environments increases, it is important to investigate online moral disengagement. This study aimed to adapt the Online Moral Disengagement Scale to the Turkish population and examine the relationships among online moral disengagement, empathic tendency, and cyberbullying.
Methods
The study participants (58.2% females [n = 404], 41.8% males [n = 290]) consisted of 694 adolescent volunteers. The data were collected using the Online Moral Disengagement Scale, Cyber Bullying Scale, and Adolescent KA-Sİ Empathic Tendency Scale. The study was conducted in several stages: confirmatory factor analysis, item factor loading, item-total correlation, concurrent analysis, mediating analysis, and reliability analysis.
Results
The eight-item structure of the scale was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. The study revealed significant relationships between online moral disengagement, cyberbullying, and empathic tendency. Online moral disengagement was found to mediate the relationship between empathic tendency and cyberbullying.
Conclusion
The scale's reliability values were good, and all the results indicated that the Turkish version of the moral disengagement scale was valid and reliable.
Volumetric modulated arc therapy versus three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in breast cancer patients treated with regional nodal irradiation
Authors: Ogita Mami , Nozawa Yuki , Morishima Kosuke , Nawa Kanabu , Yamashita Hideomi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
We compared the dosimetric and clinical outcomes of VMAT and 3D-CRT in breast cancer patients undergoing regional nodal irradiation (RNI) to determine the effectiveness of VMAT.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study included breast cancer patients who underwent adjuvant radiotherapy with RNI between July 2016 and September 2022. Patients were assigned to receive either 3D-CRT or VMAT based on the laterality of their cancer. Right-sided breast cancer received 3D-CRT, while left-sided breast cancer received VMAT. Radiotherapy consisted of a dose of 50 Gy/25 fr to the chest wall or breast and the regional nodes. Dosimetric parameters, adverse events, and survival were compared between 3D-CRT and VMAT.
Results
A total of 126 patients were included in the analysis, with 64 in the 3D-CRT group and 62 in the VMAT group. VMAT showed better coverage of the clinical target volume (P < 0.01). Among patients who received internal mammary node irradiation, VMAT resulted in a lower total lung V20 Gy compared to 3D-CRT (17% vs. 11%, P < 0.01), whereas total lung V5 Gy was higher for VMAT (27% vs. 34%, P < 0.01). The incidence of grade 2 acute dermatitis was lower in the VMAT group (27%) than in the 3D-CRT group (47%) (P= 0.02). The 5-year overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival rates were 87% and 90% in the 3D-CRT group and 100% and 100% in the VMAT group, respectively (P = 0.06 and 0.09).
Conclusions
VMAT showed better target coverage and less acute radiation dermatitis compared to 3D-CRT.
The Key Factors Controlling the Mechanisms of Consecutive Failures in the Collolar Open Pit in the Afsin-Elbistan Lignite (AEL) Basin in Southeast Türkiye
Authors: Mahmutoğlu Yılmaz , Karagüzel Remzi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Mass movements pose a great threat to the safe operation of open pit mines and seriously affect the mining economy, human health and environmental safety. In cases of insufficient dewatering or excessive groundwater withdrawal, different types of stability problems may arise especially in weak and saturated geological settings. In engineering practice, back analyses by finite element method (FEM) is a valuable tool for the evaluation of such cases and revealing their causes. In this study, mechanisms of consecutive failures occurred in an open pit slopes in the Afşin Elbistan Lignite (AEL) basin, southeast of Türkiye, were assessed based on intensive data obtained from the field and laboratory investigations. As a result of back analyses carried out through 2D FEM analyses, it was concluded that the high plasticity clay layers within the geological formation and the hydraulic interaction of two aquifers with different characteristics at the edge of the basin are two key factors controlling mining activities in the AEL basin.
Unveiling the Key Elements of Effective Preventive Strategies: Insights Into Addressing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Physiotherapists
Authors: Harithasan Deepashini , Sean Lim Pei , Singh Devinder Kaur Ajit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This study explores the awareness of strategies used in preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) and their effectiveness, motivation, and barriers to preventing WMSDs among physiotherapists. This qualitative study was administered among physiotherapists in Malaysia, where semi-structured interviews with a modified interview guide were used through an online platform. The interview was performed as an open conversation and follow-up questions to ensure the research question was answered in-depth. Participants were aware of a range of strategies used in preventing WMSD among physiotherapists and acknowledged the effectiveness of these strategies. The strategies are proper body mechanics (61.5%), exercise (23.1%), proper work ergonomics (15.4%), adequate staffing (15.4%), use of equipment (15.4%), and proper warm-up (7.7%). Clinics or hospitals well equipped with devices and equipment (53.8%), encouraging proper body mechanics and posture (46.2%), and education (30.8%) were the most common themes that motivated participants in preventive WMSD. Several barriers to the engagement of these preventive strategies were also acknowledged, namely the availability of equipment, heavy workload, and inadequate staffing. The findings underscore the awareness among Malaysian physiotherapists regarding the significance of proper body mechanics and the integration of physical exercise as effective measures to prevent WMSDs. These professionals commonly employ preventive strategies, such as utilizing tools or equipment, promoting correct body mechanics and posture, and imparting educational initiatives, to actively combat WMSDs. However, employers must also address existing obstacles like equipment shortages, excessive workloads, and insufficient staffing to ensure the successful implementation of WMSD prevention strategies in the workplace.
Gut bacterium Intestinimonas butyriciproducens improves host metabolic health: evidence from cohort and animal intervention studies
Authors: Rampanelli Elena , Romp Nadia , Troise Antonio Dario , Ananthasabesan Jakshana , Wu Hao , Gül Ismail Sahin , De Pascale Sabrina , Scaloni Andrea , Bäckhed Fredrik , Fogliano Vincenzo , Nieuwdorp Max , Bui Thi Phuong Nam 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: The human gut microbiome strongly influences host metabolism via fermentation of dietary components to metabolites that allow communication with peripheral tissues. Short chain fatty acids are among the most known microbial metabolites that signal to the host. Intestinimonas butyriciproducens is a prevalent commensal bacterium that has a unique capability of converting dietary fructoselysine to butyrate and acetate and has a completed fructoselysine catabolic pathway. Dietary fructoselysine is an abundant Amadori product formed in foods during processing and is part of food products rich in dietary advanced glycation end products which can be potentially toxic. Therefore, understanding the role of this bacterium and fructoselysine metabolism in metabolic health is highly relevant.
Results: We accessed associations of I. butyriciproducens with metabolic risk biomarkers via both strain and functional levels using a human cohort characterized by fecal metagenomic analysis. We observed that the level of the bacterial strain as well as fructoselysine fermentation genes were reversely associated with BMI, triglycerides, HbA1c and fasting insulin levels. We also investigated degradation capacity of fructoselysine within the Intestinimonas genus using a culture dependent approach and observed that I. butyriciproducens as a key player in the butyrogenic fructoselysine metabolism in the gut. To explore the function of I. butyriciproducens on host metabolism, we employed the diet-induced obesity mouse model to mimic the human metabolic syndrome. Oral supplementation of I. butyriciproducens counteracted body weight gain, hyperglycemia as well as adiposity. Moreover, within the inguinal white adipose tissue, bacterial administration reduced inflammation and promotes pathways involved in browning and insulin signaling. The observed effects are attributable to the formation of the short-chain fatty acids butyrate and acetate from dietary fructoselysine, as their plasma levels were significantly augmented by the bacterial strain, thereby contributing to systemic effects of the bacterial treatment.
Conclusions: I. butyriciproducens ameliorates host metabolism in the context of obesity and may thus be a good candidate for new microbiota-therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat metabolic diseases.
The interplay between ADHD and school shift on educational outcomes in children and adolescents: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis
Authors: Porto Ighor Miron , Amaral João Villanova , Pacheco João Pedro Gonçalves , Terra Igor , Miguel Euripedes Constantino , Pan Pedro Mario , Gadelha Ary , Rohde Luis Augusto , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , Hoffmann Maurício Scopel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Many countries implement a double-shift schooling system, offering morning or afternoon shifts, driven by diverse factors. Young people with ADHD may face educational problems attending morning shifts compared to afternoon shifts. To investigate this, we used data from a Brazilian school-based cohort (n = 2.240, 6–14 years old, 45.6% female; 50.2% in the morning shift; 11.2% with ADHD). ADHD was determined by child psychiatrists using semi-structured interview. Educational outcomes were measured cross-sectionally and three years later (80% retention) and included reading and writing ability, performance in school subjects, and any negative school events (repetition, suspension, or dropout). Generalized regression models tested the interaction between ADHD and school shift and were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, intelligence, parental education, socioeconomic status, and site. Attrition was adjusted with inverse probability weights. We used two dimensional measures of attentional problems as sensitivity analysis. ADHD and morning shift were independently associated with lower reading and writing ability and with higher odds for negative school events cross sectionally. ADHD independently predicted lower performance in school subjects and higher negative school events at follow-up. Interaction was found only at the cross-sectional level in a way that those studying in the afternoon present better educational outcomes compared with those studying in the morning only if they have lower ADHD symptom. Thus, ADHD was not associated with poorer educational outcomes among those studying in the morning. However, participants studying in the afternoon with lower levels of attentional problems presented better educational, despite these associations fade away over time.
The working memory mechanism of the maintenance and updating of spatial situation awareness projection
Authors: Zhang Junheng , Huang Lei , Yan Bihua , Ji Ming 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In dynamic tasks such as flying and driving, the accurate projection of changes in spatial information is essential for safe operation by operators. However, the working memory mechanism involved in maintaining and updating spatial situation awareness projection are not yet understood. Three experiments were conducted, using a masking paradigm to simulate situation absence and applying distraction, to investigate the working memory mechanism of the maintenance and updating of spatial situation awareness projection. The results revealed that, under different conditions of duration of situation absence and continuous distraction (Experiment 1), increases in the duration of situation absence caused the accuracy of the participants’ projection of the position of a moving object to decrease and their response time slowed. After approximately 5s of situation absence, their projection became completely inaccurate and their reaction delay was at its highest. Under conditions of fixed duration of situation absence and different durations of distraction (Experiment 2), only continuous distraction led to a deterioration in the participants’ projection performance, which partially recovered after the distraction was interrupted. Under different conditions of distraction type and object relationships (Experiment 3), visual-spatial distraction had a stronger negative impact on the participants’ projection judgments compared to auditory distraction, and increased complexity in object relationships amplified the effect of visual-spatial distraction on the participants’ projection judgments. These findings suggest that spatial situation awareness projection has a maintenance and updating mechanism associated with the central executive system’s refreshing function and the visuospatial sketchpad, which operate within limited storage capacity and time constraints.