bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematics and the Implementation of an Elephant's Trunk Manipulator and Other Continuum Style Robots
Authors: Hannan Michael W. , Walker Ian D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractTraditionally, robot manipulators have been a simple arrangement of a small number of serially connected links and actuated joints. Though these manipulators prove to be very effective for many tasks, they are not without their limitations, due mainly to their lack of maneuverability or total degrees of freedom. Continuum style (i.e., continuous “back‐bone”) robots, on the other hand, exhibit a wide range of maneuverability, and can have a large number of degrees of freedom. The motion of continuum style robots is generated through the bending of the robot over a given section; unlike traditional robots where the motion occurs in discrete locations, i.e., joints. The motion of continuum manipulators is often compared to that of biological manipulators such as trunks and tentacles. These continuum style robots can achieve motions that could only be obtainable by a conventionally designed robot with many more degrees of freedom. In this paper we present a detailed formulation and explanation of a novel kinematic model for continuum style robots. The design, construction, and implementation of our continuum style robot called the elephant trunk manipulator is presented. Experimental results are then provided to verify the legitimacy of our model when applied to our physical manipulator. We also provide a set of obstacle avoidance experiments that help to exhibit the practical implementation of both our manipulator and our kinematic model. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prediction of transfers to tertiary care and hospital mortality: A gradient boosting decision tree approach
Authors: Xie Jianjun , Coggeshall Stephen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWe built two models in the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Science 2009 data mining contest to predict the hospital transfer (task 1) and the hospital mortality (task 2). Based on the patient medical information provided in the training and testing dataset, we created a series of variables to characterize a patient's current medical condition as well as their historical medical condition. We converted all categorical fields like Diagnosis Code, Clinical Management Category, Procedure Code, and Product Line into numerical values by using the positive rate in each category. We used a gradient boosting decision tree as our classifier. Building ensembles from different boosted decision tree models were used to improve the prediction accuracy. Postprocessing on the model score was performed by utilizing two scores on the same hospital admission. Our final results were ranked second in both tasks. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 3: 253‐258, 2010
Local strategic partnerships: a panacea for voluntary interest groups to promote local environmental sustainability? The UK context
Authors: Kythreotis Andrew 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper examines the experiences of local interest groups in promoting environmental sustainability within Local Strategic Partnerships. LSPs are expected to be a local pluralist governance platform in which non‐state groups can engage more widely in the promotion of economic, social and environmental well‐being within a local authority area. Using semi‐structured qualitative interviews with state and non‐state representatives in two contrasting LSP areas in the Yorkshire and Humber region of the UK, this paper finds that environmental interest groups have been marginalized by local state members of LSPs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
A unified security framework for WiMAX over EPON access networks
Authors: Gu Wen , Verma Pramode K. , Kartalopoulos Stamatios V. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPassive optical networks (PONs) offer a popular broadband access solution allowing for high bandwidth and long transmission range to meet user fast evolving needs. However, in certain applications, PON deployment cannot reach the end user, because geographic restrictions make fiber installation non‐cost effective. Recently, hybrid fiber–wireless (FiWi) access networks have been proposed to combine the advantages of optical and wireless technologies and integrate them seamlessly. However, this integrated wired and wireless access network raises new security issues that need to be addressed. This paper reviews the architectures of currently proposed integrated access networks, proposes a new Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) over Ethernet PON (EPON) architecture which achieves simplified and efficient system management. We present a unified security framework for the proposed architecture using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). Through our analysis, we show that this security framework enhances the system security and realizes unified key management. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive kernel estimation of spatial relative risk
Authors: Davies Tilman M. , Hazelton Martin L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractKernel smoothing is routinely used for the estimation of relative risk based on point locations of disease cases and sampled controls over a geographical region. Typically, fixed‐bandwidth kernel estimation has been employed, despite the widely recognized problems experienced with this methodology when the underlying densities exhibit the type of spatial inhomogeneity frequently seen in geographical epidemiology. A more intuitive approach is to utilize a spatially adaptive, variable smoothing parameter. In this paper, we examine the properties of the adaptive kernel estimator by both asymptotic analysis and a simulation study, finding advantages over the fixed kernel approach in both the cases. We also look at practical issues with implementation of the adaptive relative risk estimator (including bandwidth choice and boundary correction), and develop a computationally inexpensive method for generating tolerance contours to highlight areas of significantly elevated risk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic study of the decidua basalis in early pregnancy loss
Authors: Wong H. S. , Cheung Y. K. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the sonographic findings in the decidua basalis layer in spontaneous early pregnancy loss and to compare them with those in normal pregnancy.MethodsWe reviewed 119 scans at 4–10 weeks' gestation from 110 patients who miscarried clinically at less than 13 weeks' gestation and 132 scans also at 4–10 weeks from 98 patients who had normal uncomplicated term pregnancies. The thickness and echogenicity of the decidua basalis layer were compared between pregnancies which suffered early loss and normal controls.ResultsRelative thinning of the decidua basalis was observed in cases of early pregnancy loss from 5–6 weeks onwards when compared with normal pregnancies. In embryonic pregnancies that subsequently miscarried, the decidua basalis did not show the rising trend in thickness that was observed in normal pregnancies. Shortly before and after embryonic demise, the decidua appeared relatively more echogenic compared with that in normal pregnancy and the placenta showed areas of hypoechogenicity. Embryonic demise was followed by disorganization of the decidual layer, which became difficult to recognize. Pregnancy with an empty sac showed a more gradual trend in the thinning of the decidua basalis, but the uniformity and echogenicity of the layer appeared to be relatively better preserved with time.ConclusionThe decidua basalis layer in pregnancies that are destined to miscarry in the first trimester differs sonographically from that in normal pregnancies. The sonographic differences are suggestive of a defective decidual–placental complex resulting from deficient trophoblastic invasion. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing qualitative scenario storylines for environmental change assessment
Authors: Rounsevell Mark D. A. , Metzger Marc J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis article reviews the historic evolution of qualitative scenario storylines and the various methods used in their development and application in environmental change assessment. The scenario method largely emerged from military strategy and war planning, with the techniques being adopted and advanced further by the business sector. Scenario storylines became widely applied to environmental problems from the 1970s and since then a number of new studies have been developed at both global and regional scales. Many different methods are used in scenario storyline development although most examples applied to environmental change assessment are exploratory and defined through a matrix logic that reflects different dimensions of environmental change drivers. This article discusses several development techniques for scenario storylines, provides examples of existing scenario storylines, discusses the differences between them, and highlights a number of limitations in the current scenario storyline development methods. The credibility, legitimacy, and saliency of future scenario storylines are discussed with respect to personal beliefs, the equifinality of alternative development pathways, the validation and uncertainty of assumptions, stakeholder engagement in visions development, and participatory methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Scenario Development and Application
Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Integrated Scenario Development
Performance of MIMO cross‐layer MAC protocol based on antenna selection in ad hoc networks
Authors: Mao Wei Fang , Hamouda Walaa , Dayoub Iyad 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the performance of a cross‐layer (physical and MAC) design for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system that aims at maximizing the throughput of ad hoc networks by selecting the optimum antenna combination. Employing this cross‐layer design is shown to improve the overall network performance relative to the case where no antenna selection (AS) is used. To solve the node blocking problem associated with the IEEE 802.11 medium‐access control (MAC) protocol, the proposed protocol leverage the available degrees of freedom offered by the MIMO system to allow neighboring nodes to simultaneously communicate using the zero‐forcing (ZF) Bell‐labs layered space‐time (BLAST) architecture. Using the cross‐layer design, neighboring nodes share their optimum antenna selection (AS) information through control messages. Given this shared information, nodes set their decisions on the number of selected antennas based on the available spatial channels that guarantees collision‐free transmissions. At the destination node, the ZF receiver is employed to extract the desired user data while treating the data from neighboring users as interference. The performance of the proposed cross‐layer design is examined through simulations, where we show that the network throughput is significantly improved compared to conventional MAC protocols. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of multiuser diversity in MIMO systems on arbitrary Nakagami‐mfading channels
Authors: Hung Chia‐Chun , Chiang Ching‐Tai , Yen Nan‐Yang , Lin Shyh‐Neng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis paper presents unified formulas of the outage probability and the bit error rate (BER) for multiuser diversity with different multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) schemes, including (1) transmit selective/receive selective (SC/SC); (2) transmit selective/receive maximum ratio combining (SC/MRC); and (3) space–time block codes (STBC) on Nakagami‐mfading channels. The exact closed‐form expressions can be derived for the outage probability with arbitrarymand for the BER with integerm. For a non‐integer fading parameter, the BER is expressible as a single infinite series of Gamma function. We also achieve simplified calculations for the performance at high SNR to gain insights regarding the factors determining the performance in fading. It is shown that the multiuser MIMO systems can achieve a full diversity order. The achieved results provide an analytical framework for the assessment of multiuser MIMO systems. All the analytical results are verified by Monte Carlo simulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A lightweight block cipher based on a multiple recursive generator for wireless sensor networks and RFID
Authors: Olteanu Alina , Xiao Yang , Hu Fei , Sun Bo , Deng Hongmei 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we use a multiple recursive generator (MRG) to generate sequences of numbers with very long periods, i.e., pseudo‐random sequences. The MRG effectively constructs a block cipher which satisfies important quality requirements such as security, long period, randomness, and efficiency. We compare our approach with another lightweight block cipher based on a linear congruential generator (LCG) and analyze the efficiency in terms of the number of basic operations that are being performed. We also study the effects of using special classes of MRG which hold certain portability and efficiency properties, and analyze their advantages in this context. The proposed cipher is a lightweight cipher, which is very useful for resource limited resources such as sensor nodes in sensor networks, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, etc. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An opportunistic forwarding protocol with relay acknowledgment for vehicularad hocnetworks
Authors: Jang Inhyeok , Choi Wooyeol , Lim Hyuk 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRobust and efficient data delivery in vehicularad hocnetworks (VANETs) with high mobility is a challenging issue due to unstable wireless links and dynamic topology changes. In this vehicular environment, the exchanges of topology information and discoveries of routing paths on an end‐to‐end basis are not desired, because the network topology changes rapidly and the information is out‐of‐date in short. In this paper, we propose a contention based forwarding mechanism, which locally exploitsgeographiclocation information in order to achieve robustness of data delivery for vehicular communications. A node that is closer to the destination node has a higher priority in competing for the wireless channel, and forwards packets as a relay node earlier than other adjacent nodes. When a packet is forwarded by a relay node, its preceding node informs adjacent nodes that it has been already relayed to prevent the duplications of packet delivery. Through ns‐2 simulations, we show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the network performance in terms of the packet delivery ratio and the end‐to‐end delay in various synthetic and trace‐based realistic VANET scenarios with a wide range of vehicle speed and density. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic event identification
Authors: Anderson Dale N. , Randall George E. , Whitaker Rodney W. , Arrowsmith Stephen J. , Arrowsmith Marie D. , Fagan Deborah K. , Taylor Steven R. , Selby Neil D. , Schult Frederick R. , Kraft Gordon D. , Walter William R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEarthquakes and explosions generate seismic waveforms that have different characteristics. However, the challenge of confidently differentiating between these two signatures is complex, and requires the integration of physical and statistical techniques. This article reviews the methods for constructing discrimination features from diverse physical observations. These discrimination features are appropriate for many statistical classification frameworks. Under the null hypothesis an event is an explosion, we discuss strategies for constructing P‐values which can be interpreted as standardized discrimination features. We develop standardized discriminants for both teleseismic (simple propagation path in the mantle) and regional (complicated propagation path in the crust) events, following the trend toward characterizing increasingly smaller single‐point explosions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Physics and Computational Geophysics
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of LnIII–CuI Coordination Polymers
Authors: Zhang Man‐Bo , Chen Hao‐Min , Hu Rui‐Xiang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFour three‐dimensional heterometallic coordination polymers, [Ln2Cu4I3(IN)7(H2O)]n (1, 2) and [LnCu3.5I3(IN)3.5(H2O)3]n·nH2O (3, 4) [HIN = isonicotinic acid, Ln = Nd (1), Gd (2), La (3), Eu (4)] were hydrothermally synthesized by using lanthanide oxides, isonicotinic acid, copper chloride, and potassium iodide. The different molar ratio of raw materials results in two distinct types of three‐dimensional frameworks of compounds 1–4. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 are constructed by the layer modules of [Ln2(IN)7(H2O)]nn– and Cu4I3 clusters, whereas that of compounds 3 and 4 are built by dimeric Ln2(IN)6(H2O)6 and layered polymeric [Cu7I6]nn+ units.
Brief report: Engagement in sport and identity status
Authors: Busseri Michael A. , Costain Kelly A. , Campbell Kelly M. , Rose‐Krasnor Linda , Evans Jennifer 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTDrawing on identity development theory, the connection between engagement in sport and identity status was examined. First‐year undergraduates (n = 116 sport‐involved youth; 67% women; mean age = 18.58 yrs) completed measures of interpersonal and ideological identity status (achievement, moratorium, diffusion, foreclosure), along with behavioral (breadth, intensity) and psychological (e.g., enjoyment, competence) indicators of sport engagement. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the relation between latent sport engagement and identity status in interpersonal and ideological domains. As hypothesized, latent sport engagement predicted greater interpersonal (but not ideological) identity achievement. Consistent with identity development theory, an additional specific relation was observed between lower breadth of sport involvement and higher interpersonal identity achievement. Results demonstrate the value of examining behavioral and psychological indicators of sport engagement jointly, and support a growing body of research linking sport and positive youth development.
Infestation of the squat lobster Munida gregaria (Anomura: Galatheidae) by Pseudione galacanthae (Isopoda: Bopyridae) in San Jorge Gulf, Argentina
Authors: Varisco Martín , Vinuesa Julio 
Published: July 2010

We estimated the prevalence of the bopyrid Pseudione galacanthae parasitizing the population of the squat lobster Munida gregaria in San Jorge Gulf and analysed some aspects concerning the effect of the parasite on host reproductive potential. The relationship between the development stages of the parasite and the host size was also analysed. The squat lobsters were caught as by-catch in the coastal area of the gulf from vessels operating in the fisheries of hake Merluccius hubbsi, southern king crab Lithodes santolla and Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri. The samples were collected between October 1997 and June 2009. In the laboratory, squat lobsters were sexed and the length of their carapace was measured. In males, the length of the right cheliped was recorded and gonadal development was examined. In females, the size and number of carried eggs were determined and the length of the pleopods III, IV and V were measured. All squat lobsters parasitized exhibit a gross bulge in the right side of carapace. Prevalence ranged between 0 and 1.43% (N = 21,519). No significant differences in prevalence were found for sexes, depths and seasons. The prevalence was higher for the size interval 7–10 mm CL (0.79%) than for the rest of the intervals. Parasitism had no effect on the secondary sex characters. Parasitized males displayed gonad development. There was no difference in prevalence between ovigerous and non-ovigerous squat-lobster females. Parasitized females had smaller eggs than non-parasitized ones, but their fecundity was similar. The linear relationship between the parasite and host sizes and the presence of larvae and immature stages of P. galacanthae in small-sized squat lobsters suggest that the host is infected early in its development. The low prevalence could be related to oceanographic conditions which favour larval dispersal of the parasite and host. The infestation by P. galacanthae has little impact on the M. gregaria population, mostly due to the low prevalences of infestation and the minor impact in reproductive function.
Modernity, space and national representation at the Tokyo Olympics 1964
Authors: TAGSOLD CHRISTIAN 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT:The 1964 Tokyo Olympics acted as a rite of passage for post-war Japan, symbolizing the modernization of the city and the country. This was reflected by the space and architecture of the venues. Urban development of Olympic cities has been scrutinized recently but the symbolic implications have been touched upon only in passing, most especially in Tokyo's case. This article will show how symbolic layers of architecture and space aimed at linking history and modernity while bypassing the highly problematic legacy of ultra-nationalism and World War II. An important hub for transmitting this message was the Meiji Shrine dedicated to the first emperor of modern Japan. The hallmark building of the 1964 Games, Kenzo Tange's National Gymnasium, interacted with the shrine by way of an architectonic axis connecting them. This contrasted with the different spatial styles evident at the 1960 Olympics in Rome and 1972 Olympics in Munich, which testified to their different relationships to the national past. While developing infrastructure such as canalization and traffic was very important for Tokyo, symbolic revitalization of the city's fabric was equally crucial.
Selling national urban renewal: the National Film Board, the National Capital Commission and post-war planning in Ottawa, Canada
Authors: PICTON ROGER M. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT:Using film and archival evidence, this article focuses on post-war urban redevelopment in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. During this period, two federal institutions, the National Capital Commission and the National Film Board, worked in tandem to disseminate the promise of post-war urban renewal. Film and planning techniques perfected during World War II would be used to sell national urban renewal to Canadians. Rooted in centralized planning, steeped in militarist rhetoric and embedded in authoritarian tendencies, federal plans for a new modern capital had tragic implications for the marginalized and dislocated residents of the inner-city neighbourhood of LeBreton Flats.