bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful rescue of refractory acute antibody‐mediated renal allograft rejection with splenectomy – A case report
Authors: Roberti Isabel , Geffner Stuart , Vyas Shefali 
Published: June 2011

Roberti I, Geffner S, Vyas S. Successful rescue of refractory acute antibody‐mediated renal allograft rejection with splenectomy – A case report.  Pediatr Transplantation 2012: 16: E49–E52. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Highly sensitized patients receive fewer kidney transplants and have a high risk for severe rejection with increased rates of graft loss. We present a highly sensitized child who after desensitization protocol received a kidney transplant and developed refractory acute antibody‐mediated rejection. He failed to respond to standard therapy and needed an urgent splenectomy as rescue therapy. Our patient, an 18‐yr‐old AA male with ESRD due to obstructive uropathy received a second DD transplant. The allograft functioned immediately with SCr 1.4 mg/dL on day #5. On day #8, he was re‐admitted with fever, oligoanuria, and renal failure. He was started on methylprednisolone pulse, thymoglobulin, intravenous immunoglobulin, and PP. The transplant kidney biopsy revealed features suggestive of acute AMR. On day #14, the patient remained dialysis dependent with no response to therapy. He underwent an urgent splenectomy and a slow increase in urine output and GFR was noted. The SCr one month post‐splenectomy was 1.1 mg/dL. At one yr post‐txp, his GFR remained stable with SCr 0.9 mg/dL on tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. Urgent splenectomy successfully reversed refractory acute AMR, in our highly sensitized patient with second renal transplant.
Long‐term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization effects on N2 fixation rates and nifH gene community patterns in mangrove sediments
Authors: Romero Isabel C. , Jacobson Myrna , Fuhrman Jed A. , Fogel Marilyn , Capone Douglas G. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe bioavailability of nutrients is important in controlling ecological processes and nitrogen cycling in oligotrophic mangrove forests, yet the variation of diazotrophic community structure and activity with nutrient availability in sediments remains largely unexplored. To investigate for the first time how nutrients in sediments affect spatial and temporal patterns of diazotrophic community structure and activity, the sedimentary environment of Twin Cays, Belize, was examined with respect to the effects of long‐term fertilization [treatments: control (Ctrl), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P)] on N2 fixation rates and nifH gene community structure. We found that N2 fixation rates were significantly higher at the P‐treatment, intermediate at the Ctrl‐treatment and lower in the N‐treatment (P: 4.2 ± 0.5, Crtl: 0.8 ± 0.1, N: 0.4 ± 0.1 nmol·N·g−1·h−1; P < 0.001) with spatial (Ctrl‐ and P‐treatments) and temporal (only P‐treatment) variability positively correlated with live root abundance (r2 = 0.473, P < 0.001) and concentration (r2 = 0.458, P < 0.0001). The community structure of diazotrophs showed larger spatial and temporal variability in the fertilized treatments than in the Ctrl‐treatment, with the relative abundance of OTUs (nifH operational taxonomic units) at the fertilized treatments inversely related to live root abundance. Overall, long‐term fertilization (with either N or P) affects not only nutrient levels in mangrove sediments directly, but also spatial and temporal patterns of both community structure and activity and likely plant‐microbe interactions as well. Our findings suggest that the maintenance of natural nutrient conditions in mangrove sediments is important to ensure the stability of microbial functional groups like diazotrophs.
Effects of human trampling on macro‐ and meiofauna communities associated with intertidal algal turfs and implications for management of protected areas on rocky shores (Southern California)
Authors: Huff Tonya M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHuman visitation to coastal rocky shore ecosystems has numerous impacts via activities such as harvesting, rock‐turning, pollution, and trampling. Human trampling, in particular, has been suggested to decrease the density and diversity of rocky shore organisms, especially large foliose algae. Inconsistent results have been seen in studies of the effects of human trampling on coralline algal turfs and the invertebrate communities (macro‐ and meiofauna) that inhabit them. Here, a relatively long‐term manipulative trampling study based on realistic levels of human visitation was conducted in intertidal areas off Southern California dominated by coralline algal turf. Experimentally trampled plots (‘impact plots’) and control plots protected from foot traffic (‘protected control plots’) on turf‐covered rocky intertidal benches were observed for 17 months in an area closed to human visitation. Control plots were also established at several other open‐access sites (‘open‐access control plots’) to determine whether patterns at the experimentally trampled site resembled those from sites where human visitation is allowed. Bare space increased in trampled plots as compared to pre‐impact levels, but the percentage of bare rock in control plots did not change significantly. Trampled plots exhibited shifts in invertebrate community composition and significant declines in the abundances and richness of invertebrate taxa as compared to protected control plots throughout the experiment. Additionally, the trajectory of invertebrate community change through time in trampled plots was significantly different than that of both protected and open‐access control plots. Nine months after trampling had ceased, the structure of the invertebrate communities from trampled plots was similar to protected control plots and bare space had decreased to pre‐impact levels (ANOSIM analysis). However, trampled plots had significantly more taxa and higher Shannon diversity values than controls. These results indicate that to manage visitor impacts on rocky shore communities, ‘no‐access’ zones may be as important as ‘no‐take’ zones. However, the rapid recovery seen here also indicates that perhaps rotating or seasonal closures might be an effective management strategy to protect turf communities.
Effect of weight loss on gelatinase levels in obese mice
Authors: Van Hul Matthias , Lijnen Henri Roger 
Published: June 2011

Summary1. Gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9) might play a role in the development and structural organization of adipose tissue. Obese mice were subjected to caloric restriction (from 82 to 27 kJ/day) for 6 weeks, in order to investigate the effect of drastic weight loss on gelatinase mRNA, protein and activity levels.2. Caloric restriction resulted in significantly lower bodyweight, as well as subcutaneous (SC) and gonadal (GON) fat mass (all P < 0.001).3. The expression of MMP‐2 mRNA was significantly upregulated in both SC (3.3‐fold) and GON (2.2‐fold) adipose tissues; however, without significant effect on total MMP‐2 protein levels in fat tissues or in plasma. In contrast, MMP‐9 mRNA expression in SC or GON fat was not affected by caloric restriction, whereas protein levels were reduced in SC and GON fat, but not in plasma. Zymography showed significantly elevated levels of active MMP‐2 in both SC and GON adipose tissues, whereas active MMP‐9 levels were reduced in GON fat.4. These findings imply that the evaluation of the role of gelatinases in obesity and metabolic disorders requires the determination of both antigen and activity levels in plasma and fat tissues.
Mercaptoacetyltriglycine‐3 renogram is not superior to estimated glomerular filtration rate measurement for the prediction of long‐term renal function after nephrectomy
Authors: Kanamaru Hiroshi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Nagahama Kanji , Yagihashi Yusuke , Kato Keiji , Oida Tomoyuki , Kannno Toru , Takao Noriyasu , Shimizu Yusuke , Shichiri Yasumasa 
Published: June 2011

Objective:  To evaluate the clinical usefulness of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) measured using preoperative mercaptoacetyltriglycine‐3 (MAG3) renogram for the prediction of chronic renal insufficiency after nephrectomy.Methods:  A total of 47 patients underwent preoperative MAG3 renal scintigraphy and subsequent unilateral nephrectomy. Correlations between the 5‐year postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the preoperative ERPF of the contralateral kidney (cERPF), ERPF of the diseased kidney (dERPF), total ERPF (tERPF), cERPF to dERPF ratio, serum creatinine (sCr) level, eGFR, as well as the influence of preoperative comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension) on the postoperative eGFR, were evaluated with both univariate and multivariate analyses.Results:  Multiple linear regression analysis showed that preoperative cERPF significantly correlated with postoperative eGFR. However, a much stronger correlation was observed between the preoperative and postoperative eGFR. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that only preoperative eGFR was a significant predicator of the development of advanced‐stage chronic kidney disease (CKD).Conclusions:  Preoperative MAG3 renogram is not superior to eGFR measurement as a prognostic indicator of long‐term renal function after unilateral nephrectomy.
p130Cas, E‐cadherin and β‐catenin in human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: Expression and clinicopathological significance
Authors: Hu Xiangkun , Ruan Yuan , Cheng Fan , Yu Weimin , Zhang Xiaobin , Larré Stéphane 
Published: June 2011

Objectives:  To investigate the effects of junction protein, p130 Crk‐associated substance (p130Cas), and adhesion molecules, E‐cadherin and β‐catenin, on the biological behavior of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.Methods:  In 72 paraffin embedded specimens of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 20 normal controls, the expression of p130Cas, E‐cadherin and β‐catenin was examined by quantum dot‐based immunofluorescence histochemistry (QD‐IHC) and conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results:  QD‐IHC was consistent with IHC in detecting the expression of the three molecules (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). The positive expression rate of p130Cas in bladder cancer tissues increased more significantly than that in normal bladder tissues (P < 0.001). Similarly, the aberrant expression rates of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin in bladder cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in normal bladder tissues (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). The expression of each molecule was correlated with tumor pathological grade and clinical stage (P < 0.05 for all comparisons), but not with tumor number and size (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Furthermore, negative correlations were found between the expression intensities of p130Cas and E‐cadherin or β‐catenin in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (P < 0.05 for both comparisons).Conclusions:  p130Cas, E‐cadherin and β‐catenin might represent useful predictors of malignant degree of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.
Taxonomy, phylogeography and climate relations of the Western Palaearctic spurge hawkmoth (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, Macroglossinae)
Authors: Hundsdoerfer Anna K. , Mende Michael B. , Kitching Ian J. , Cordellier Mathilde 
Published: June 2011

Hundsdoerfer, AK., Mende, MB., Kitching, IJ. & Cordellier, M. (2011). Taxonomy, phylogeography and climate relations of the Western Palaearctic spurge hawkmoth (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae, Macroglossinae). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 403–417.The primary aim of this study was to analyse mitochondrial genetic variability within the Hyles euphorbiae lineage in the Western Palaearctic, where observations of morphology have indicated much greater differentiation than is implied by the current taxonomy. The scope of the study is broadened further by including an analysis of the possible influences of climatic factors on lineage distributions. Mitochondrial sequences from three genes totalling an unambiguous alignment of 2284 bp were obtained for 356 individuals of the H. euphorbiae complex (HEC) s.s. Genetic admixture, network and climatic factor analyses were used to analyse the data. Unexpected mitochondrial variability was uncovered within the distribution range of H. euphorbiae in southern Europe, with two additional distinct clusters being found, both with rather patchy occurrences. The results of the genetic analysis presented here confirm a distinct H. cretica on Crete and the Dodecanese Islands and a distinct H. robertsi in Iran that hybridises with H. euphorbiae. Comparison of the molecular data with larval morphology shows only limited correlation of genetic clusters with pattern elements. The genetic network of the HEC s.s. shows strong incongruence with traditional taxonomy. Ecological niche modelling based on climate data revealed that the three best‐sampled clusters (H. tithymali, the well‐known H. euphorbiae lineage from Europe, and the previously unknown mitochondrial H. euphorbiae lineage that occurs mainly in Italy) could all occur in southern Italy and on the Mediterranean Islands. Biotic interactions appear to explain the observed ranges better than abiotic factors alone.
Rethinking the evolution of extant sub‐Saharan African suids (Suidae, Artiodactyla)
Authors: Gongora Jaime , Cuddahee Rebecca E. , Nascimento Fabrícia Ferreira do , Palgrave Christopher J. , Lowden Stewart , Ho Simon Y. W. , Simond Denbigh , Damayanti Chandramaya Siska , White Daniel James , Tay Wee Tek , Randi Ettore , Klingel Hans , Rodrigues‐Zarate Clara J. , Allen Kari , Moran Chris , Larson Greger 
Published: June 2011

Gongora, J., Cuddahee, R. E., do Nascimento, F. F., Palgrave, C. J., Lowden, S., Ho, S. Y. W., Simond, D., Damayanti, C. S., White, D. J., Tay, W. T., Randi, E., Klingel, H., Rodrigues‐Zarate, C. J., Allen, K., Moran, C. & Larson, G. (2011). Rethinking the evolution of extant sub‐Saharan African suids (Suidae, Artiodactyla). —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 327–335.Although African suids have been of scientific interest for over two centuries, their origin, evolution, phylogeography and phylogenetic relationships remain contentious. There has been a long‐running debate concerning the evolution of pigs and hogs (Suidae), particularly regarding the phylogenetic relationships among extant Eurasian and African species of the subfamily Suinae. To investigate these issues, we analysed the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences of extant genera of Suidae from Eurasia and Africa. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that all extant sub‐Saharan African genera form a monophyletic clade separate from Eurasian suid genera, contradicting previous attempts to resolve the Suidae phylogeny. Two major sub‐Saharan African clades were identified, withHylochoerusandPhacochoerusgrouping together as a sister clade toPotamochoerus.In addition, we find that the ancestors of extant African suids may have evolved separately from the ancestors of modern daySusandPorculain Eurasia before they colonised Africa. Our results provide a revision of the intergeneric relationships within the family Suidae.
Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms independent of HLA‐DQB1*0602 genotypes and islet cell autoantibodies
Authors: Papadopoulou A. , Lynch K. F. , Shaat N. , Håkansson R. , Ivarsson S. A. , Berntorp K. , Agardh C. D. , Lernmark Å. ,   on behalf of the DiPiS Study Group
Published: June 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1018–1027 (2011)AbstractAims To test whether theTCF7L2gene was associated with gestational diabetes, whether the association betweenTCF7L2and gestational diabetes was independent of HLA‐DQB1*0602 and islet cell autoantibodies, as well as maternal age, number of pregnancies, family history of diabetes and the HLA‐DQB1 genotypes, and to test whether the distribution of HLA‐DQB1 alleles was affected by country of birth.Methods We genotyped the rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs7901695 single nucleotide polymorphisms of theTCF7L2gene in 826 mothers with gestational diabetes and in 1185 healthy control subjects in the Diabetes Prediction in Skåne Study. The mothers were also typed for HLA‐DQB1 genotypes and tested for islet cell autoantibodies against GAD65, insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 and insulin.Results The heterozygous genotypes CT, GT and TC of the rs7903146 (T is risk for Type 2 diabetes), rs12255372 (T is risk for Type 2 diabetes) and rs7901695 (C is risk for Type 2 diabetes), respectively, as well as the homozygous genotypes TT, TT and CC of the rs7903146, rs12255372 and rs7901695, respectively, were strongly associated with gestational diabetes (P < 0.0001). These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for maternal age, number of pregnancies, family history of diabetes and HLA‐DQ genotypes and were independent of the presence of islet cell autoantibodies. No interaction was observed betweenTCF7L2and HLA‐DQB1*0602, which was shown to be negatively associated with gestational diabetes in mothers born in Sweden (P = 0.010).Conclusions TheTCF7L2was associated with susceptibility for gestational diabetes independently of the presence of HLA‐DQB1*0602 and islet cell autoantibodies and other factors such as maternal age, number of pregnancies, family history of diabetes and other HLA‐DQ genotypes. The HLA‐DQB1*0602 was negatively associated with gestational diabetes in mothers born in Sweden.
Refugia: identifying and understanding safe havens for biodiversity under climate change
Authors: Keppel Gunnar , Van Niel Kimberly P. , Wardell‐Johnson Grant W. , Yates Colin J. , Byrne Margaret , Mucina Ladislav , Schut Antonius G. T. , Hopper Stephen D. , Franklin Steven E. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTAim  Identifying and protecting refugia is a priority for conservation under projected anthropogenic climate change, because of their demonstrated ability to facilitate the survival of biota under adverse conditions. Refugia are habitats that components of biodiversity retreat to, persist in and can potentially expand from under changing environmental conditions. However, the study and discussion of refugia has often been ad hoc and descriptive in nature. We therefore: (1) provide a habitat‐based concept of refugia, and (2) evaluate methods for the identification of refugia.Location  Global.Methods  We present a simple conceptual framework for refugia and examine the factors that describe them. We then demonstrate how different disciplines are contributing to our understanding of refugia, and the tools that they provide for identifying and quantifying refugia.Results  Current understanding of refugia is largely based on Quaternary phylogeographic studies on organisms in North America and Europe during significant temperature fluctuations. This has resulted in gaps in our understanding of refugia, particularly when attempting to apply current theory to forecast anthropogenic climate change. Refugia are environmental habitats with space and time dimensions that operate on evolutionary time‐scales and have facilitated the survival of biota under changing environmental conditions for millennia. Therefore, they offer the best chances for survival under climate change for many taxa, making their identification important for conservation under anthropogenic climate change. Several methods from various disciplines provide viable options for achieving this goal.Main conclusions  The framework developed for refugia allows the identification and description of refugia in any environment. Various methods provide important contributions but each is limited in scope; urging a more integrated approach to identify, define and conserve refugia. Such an approach will facilitate better understanding of refugia and their capacity to act as safe havens under projected anthropogenic climate change.
A test of ecological succession hypotheses using 55‐year time‐series data for 361 boreal forest stands
Authors: Chen Han Y. H. , Taylor Anthony R. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTAim  There has been much work on succession over many decades, but succession fundamentals are still debated because of the reliance on chronosequences and dendrochronological reconstruction, both of which are problematic approaches. Here we use time‐series data to test four hypotheses that lie at the heart of successional theory: (1) the neighbourhood effect hypothesis – tree species abundance is time dependent; (2) the density‐dependence hypothesis – a rare species is more favoured over time; (3) the resource ratio hypothesis – species that can grow at the lowest resource level tend to dominate resource limited sites through succession; and (4) the intermediate disturbance hypothesis – intermediate disturbances increase the abundance of rare species.Location  Central boreal forest in Canada (47°50′–50°10′ N; 80°10′–85°50′ W).Methods  We used repeated measurements from sequential aerial photography and ground surveys for 361 fire‐origin stands that were measured over a c. 55‐year period.Results  Shade‐intolerant Pinus banksiana decreased, tolerant Thuja occidentalis increased, intolerant Populus spp. and Betula papyrifera displayed a U‐shaped trend, and intermediate‐tolerant Picea spp. and tolerant Abies balsamea did not change with time since fire, showing evidence of negative, positive, or neutral neighbourhood effects. Species either persisted for longer or increased more in non‐conspecific stands, and had higher increases in abundance when associated with species of contrasting shade tolerance, supporting the density‐dependence hypothesis and indicating shade‐tolerance complementarity as a mechanism for coexistence. Resource‐poor soils favoured those species capable of tolerating limited resources, whereas rich soils permitted invasion and promoted mixtures, supporting the resource ratio hypothesis. Intermediate disturbances increased the invasibility of rare species.Main conclusions  Contrary to previous studies where time since a stand‐replacing disturbance is the sole predictor for succession, our study shows that time alone is either an insufficient predictor or is irrelevant to species dynamics in the boreal forest. Rather, density dependence, site resource and intermediate disturbances are key mechanisms in species dynamics and coexistence over time.
Analyst forecast, accounting conservatism and the related valuation implications
Authors: Sohn Byungcherl Charlie 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis study investigates whether financial analysts incorporate accounting conservatism into their earnings forecasts and whether it is more difficult for them to forecast earnings for less conservative firms, and then examines the impact of the findings on the return predictability of the value‐to‐price (V/P) ratio. After controlling for the other factors affecting forecast accuracy, such as earnings predictability and information uncertainty, I find that analysts incorporate accounting conservatism into their earnings forecasts and that forecasting earnings is more difficult for less conservative firms. Consequently, the return predictability of the V/P ratio is stronger for more conservative firms, and previously reported return predictability of the V/P ratio is an average across firms with differing levels of conservatism.
A collective, undifferentiated accounting profession: an Australian study
Authors: Inglis Robert , Shelly Marita , Morley Clive , De Lange Paul 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA study of 386 potential and current members of the accounting profession in Australia and South‐East Asia provides evidence of the importance of three attributes – brand/reputation, international recognition of qualifications and career opportunities – in the decision to join a professional accounting body. While these attributes are important, logit regression models indicate that they are not discriminatory in the choice of professional body and suggest a perception of a collective, undifferentiated accounting profession. The marketing of brand/reputation and membership benefits may be a more efficient and effective strategy in attracting members and differentiating the profession if undertaken by a combined or coordinated professional body.