bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different antipsychotics elicit different effects on magnocellular oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic neurons as revealed by Fos immunohistochemistry
Authors: Kiss A. , Bundzikova J. , Pirnik Z. , Mikkelsen J.D. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAcute administration of antipsychotics elicits regionally distinct patterns of Fos expression in the rat brain. Stimulation of oxytocin (OXY) and vasopressin (AVP) release in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei indicates that antipsychotics may play a role in autonomic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral processes. This study was focused to reveal the responsiveness of hypothalamic OXY‐ and AVP‐ producing magnocellular neurons, in terms of quantitative and topographical distinctions, to antipsychotics displaying different pharmacological profiles. Naive male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with haloperidol (1 mg/kg), clozapine (30 mg/kg), olanzapine (30 mg/kg), risperidone (2mg/kg), and vehicle (5% chremophor) and were sacrificed 60 min later by a fixative. Fos, Fos/OXY, and Fos/AVP labelings were visualized by immunohistochemistry in the SON, 5 accessory (ACS) cell groups, and 4 distinct PVN subdivisions using a computerized light microscope. Most apparent activation of single Fos, Fos/OXY, and Fos/AVP cells was induced by clozapine and olanzapine; effects of risperidone and haloperidol were substantially lower; no colocalizations were revealed in naive or vehicle treated control rats. The data indicate the existence of a substantial diversity in the stimulatory effect of the selected antipsychotics on quantity of Fos, Fos/OXY, and Fos/AVP immunostainings with the preferential action of the atypicals clozapine over olanzapine and little effects of risperidone and haloperidol. Variabilities in Fos distribution in the PVN, SON, and ACS induced by antipsychotics may be helpful to understand more precisely the extent of their extra‐forebrain actions with possible presumption of their functional impact and side effect consequences. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased level and defective function of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in children with moyamoya disease
Authors: Kim Jin Hyun , Jung Ji‐Hye , Phi Ji Hoon , Kang Hyun‐Seung , Kim Jeong Eun , Chae Jong Hee , Kim Sang‐Jeong , Kim Young‐Hoon , Kim Young Yim , Cho Byung‐Kyu , Wang Kyu‐Chang , Kim Seung‐Ki 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCirculating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in physiological and pathological neovascularization and may be involved in attenuating ischemic diseases. This study aimed to characterize circulating EPCs in moyamoya disease (MMD), one of the most common pediatric cerebrovascular diseases. Twenty‐eight children with MMD prior to any surgical treatment and 12 healthy volunteers were recruited. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were isolated and cultured in endothelial cell growth medium. Temporal change of phenotype of cells was analyzed on days 0 and 7. The formation of EPC clusters was evaluated on day 7. The CD34+, CD133+, and KDR+ cells, and the number of EPC clusters was significantly reduced in children with MMD. In controls, CD34+ cells were significantly decreased on day 7 compared with day 0, but in MMD they were only slightly decreased. The change in KDR+ cells on day 7 compared with day 0 was the reverse of that for CD34+ cells. Functional assay of EPC demonstrated less tube formation and increased senescent‐like phenotype in children with MMD. Analysis of the circulating EPCs of MMD children reveals decreased level and defective function. This study suggests that circulating EPCs may be associated with MMD pathogenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Posttraumatic stress disorder: Anxiety or traumatic stress disorder?
Authors: Resick Patricia A. , Miller Mark W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe authors examine the question of whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) should continue to be classified with the anxiety disorders in the upcoming revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐V; American Psychiatric Association) classification system. They examine four areas of research that challenge the placement of PTSD among the anxiety disorders: research on peritraumatic emotions and their association with later PTSD symptoms, the role of emotions over the course of PTSD, physiological reactivity and emotional responses, and comorbidity patterns. The authors conclude with the recommendation that PTSD be included among a new category of traumatic stress disorders in DSM‐V.
Antibacterial Acrylamide Hydrogels Containing Silver Nanoparticles by Simultaneous Photoinduced Free Radical Polymerization and Electron Transfer Processes
Authors: Uygun Mustafa , Kahveci Muhammet U. , Odaci Dilek , Timur Suna , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAg‐nanoparticle‐containing hydrogels were successfully prepared by in situ reduction of silver nitrate in the presence of citrate molecules as stabilizing agent during photoinduced copolymerization of AAm and BAAm. Swelling‐deswelling behavior and thermal properties of the synthesized hydrogels were investigated. The interior morphology of the gels exhibit continuity, which is a common feature for hydrogel networks. Antimicrobial activities of the hydrogels were also investigated against pathogenic E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, and non‐pathogenic E. coli K‐12, which are model microorganisms for testing bactericidal properties. The hydrogels containing well‐dispersed Ag NPs showed significant antibacterial activity.magnified image
Photo‐Crosslinked Side‐Chain Liquid‐Crystalline Elastomers for Microsystems
Authors: Sánchez‐Ferrer Antoni , Fischl Tamás , Stubenrauch Mike , Wurmus Helmut , Hoffmann Martin , Finkelmann Heino 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPhoto‐crosslinkable side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymers (LCPs) containing photoreactive benzophenone cores are synthesized in order to obtain their corresponding side‐chain liquid‐crystalline elastomers (LCEs). This strategic synthesis allows thin elastomeric films and their integration into microsystems for actuators and micromachines to be obtained. As an example of this principle, a gripper was developed. The position of its arms can be changed by applying voltages from 1.5 to 3.5 V at different rates. Small changes in the liquid‐crystalline elastomer film cause strains of up to 150% in the microdevice and the capacity to move up to 400 times its own mass due to the nematic‐to‐isotropic transformation.magnified image
Anteromedial thigh flaps: An anatomical study to localize and classify anteromedial thigh perforators
Authors: Hupkens Pieter , Van Loon Bram , Lauret Gert‐Jan , Kooloos Jan G. M. , Vehof Johan W. M. , Hartman Ed H. M. , Spauwen Paul H. M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractUntil now, research on flaps in the anteromedial thigh region has focused on flaps in specific regions. To elucidate the complete pattern of suitable anteromedial thigh perforators, an anatomical study was performed by dissecting nine thighs from different cadavers. The ideal perforator has maximum length and diameter and runs through a septum. According to the data found in our study, these perforators can predominantly be found in the middle third of the anteromedial thigh region. All of the three main thigh vessels supply perforators which can be used for flaps. Pertaining to length and diameter the most suitable perforators originate from the deep femoral artery, which can be found in the proximal and middle third of the anteromedial thigh. Musculocutaneous perforators are found to be longer than septocutaneous perforators. Because of their position, the proximal and distal third perforators should preferentially be used for local pedicled flaps. Defects in the pelvic area and around the knee can be closed with perforator flaps from the proximal and distal anteromedial thigh, respectively. Because of their diameter, length, and number, the middle third perforators should be the first choice for harvesting free flaps. Skin closure is easily achieved in the anteromedial thigh region even when larger flaps are used. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2010.
Functional independence score in hemophilia: A cross‐sectional study assessment of Mexican children
Authors: Tlacuilo‐Parra Alberto , Villela‐Rodriguez Justo , Garibaldi‐Covarrubias Roberto , Soto‐Padilla Janet , Orozco‐Alcala Javier 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe Functional Independence Score in Hemophilia (FISH) is a performance‐based assessment tool used to measure the patients functional ability so far only used in patients with severe hemophilia. Its aim is to determine if FISH is useful in patients with mild and moderate disease.ProcedureIn a cross‐sectional study 90 children 60 hemophilic and 30 sex‐, race‐, and age‐matched healthy males were assessed. Patients between 5 and 16 years of age were selected each patient was evaluated in seven activities under three categories: self‐care (grooming and eating, bathing, and dressing), transfers (chair and squat), and locomotion (walking and step climbing). Each activity was graded from 1 to 4 according to the amount of assistance required to perform the activity with total scores ranging from 7 to 28.ResultsAs a whole, the mean age of the patients was 10.0 ± 3.4 years with a mean FISH of 25.8 ± 3.6 (range 15–28). There were no differences in the FISH between healthy males and patients with mild hemophilia; however, the score was significantly higher in patients with mild hemophilia (28 ± 0) than patients with moderate (26.2 ± 2.5; P = 0.004) or severe hemophilia (24.0 ± 4.7; P = 0.0006). The most affected activities were squatting, walking, and step climbing.ConclusionsA significant decrease in functional ability was demonstrated according to the severity of hemophilia, especially for those activities involving weight‐bearing demands like locomotion and step climbing. Of seven activities evaluated, changes were observed in the group with moderate and severe hemophilia, but no changes detected in patients with mild disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:394–397. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the Kirchhoff index of regular graphs
Authors: Palacios José Luis 
Published: September 2009

AbstractUsing probabilistic tools, we give a compact formula for the Kirchhoff index of any d‐regular N‐vertex graph in terms of d, N, and Kemeny's constant, as well as general upper and lower bounds in terms of d and N. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010
Maternal and perinatal outcomes of visceral leishmaniasis (kala‐azar) treated with sodium stibogluconate in eastern Sudan
Authors: Adam Gamal K. , Abdulla Mohamed A. , Ahmed Ahmed A. , Adam Ishag 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate maternal and perinatal outcomes when pregnant women with visceral leishmaniasis (VL, also known as kala‐azar) are treated with the antimonial sodium stibogluconate.MethodForty‐two pregnant women with VL were treated with sodium stibogluconate at Gadarif Hospital, Gadarif, Sudan, and mother and child were followed up for 1 year.ResultsThe treatment began at a mean ± SD of 24.4 ± 9.2 weeks of pregnancy. None of the patients had malaria or HIV. Two (4.7%) who received the treatment in the first trimester had miscarriages; 4 (4.9%) died from hepatic encephalopathy during the second week of treatment; and 2 (4.7%) had preterm deliveries. One of the newborns had a myelomeningocele and died at 2 hours, and the other died from VL at 2 months.ConclusionPreventive measures against VL should be employed in the region, and more research on VL and its treatment during pregnancy is needed.
The role of family history in clinical symptoms and therapeutic outcomes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Hu Zhiping , Wang Ying , Qiao Jie , Li Meizhi , Chi Hongbin , Chen Xinna 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between family history and clinical symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that were thought to be inherited, by treating women with PCOS with contraceptive pills and metformin, and assessing outcomes.MethodsOf 164 women with PCOS, 49 with menstrual abnormalities, hyperandrogenism, and abnormal glucose and/or insulin levels underwent a 3‐month treatment with contraceptive pills and metformin. Family history was taken, and physical and ultrasound examinations were performed. Serum levels of glucose, insulin, lipoproteins, lipids, and reproductive hormones were measured before and after treatment.ResultsThe serum levels of low‐density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides were higher in the patients with a family history of the studied symptoms than in those with no such family history. After treatment, changes in testosterone and glucose levels, glucose area under curve, and homeostasis model assessment value differed in the 2 groups.ConclusionThe patients with a family history of PCOS symptoms thought to be inherited were more sensitive to oral contraceptive and metformin treatment.
Environmental justice and deliberative democracy: How social change organizations respond to power in the deliberative system
Authors: Dodge Jennifer 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis article examines how civil society organizations transmit policy ideas to decision makers in deliberative politics. Drawing on a case of the Southwest Network for Environmental and Economic Justice, it focuses on how they respond to hegemonic power and considers action within “the deliberative system,” including deliberative forums and broader public discourse. I find that civil society actors use both discursive and coercive forms of power to mobilize meaning and interrupt prevailing assumptions about race in environmental decision making. Contrary to theory, the civil society organization used coercive power mostly in and relating to face-to-face deliberation (to secure a fairer process and get their policy problems on the agenda). When their ideas about racial discrimination were weakened in deliberations, however, they used non-confrontational forms of discursive power to develop critical discourse on race and disseminate it in the public sphere where it could inform future political action.
Orally administered glucans from the edible mushroomPleurotus pulmonariusreduce acute inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis
Authors: Lavi Iris , Levinson Dana , Peri Irena , Nimri Lili , Hadar Yitzhak , Schwartz Betty 
Published: September 2009

Polysaccharides are one of the most potent mushroom-derived substances exhibiting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The aims of the present study were to determine whether orally administered glucans from the edible mushroomPleurotus pulmonariuscould attenuate or prevent the development of experimental colitis in mice. Colonic inflammation was induced in mice by treatment with 3·5 % dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 18 d. Before or after DSS administration, mice were given hot water solubles (HWS) or mycelium extract (ME) (2 or 20 mg per mouse) daily in their food. Colonic damage was macroscopically and histologically evaluated. Inflammation was assessed by changes in colon length, TNF-α levels released by colonic samples in organ culture and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in colonic samples were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.P. pulmonariusglucans attenuated and prevented the development of symptoms associated with DSS-induced colitis. High doses of HWS and ME blocked colon shortening, suppressed MPO activity and improved macroscopic score in all treatment groups. In addition, histological damage from colitis was reduced by HWS and ME at all doses. The tissue levels of TNF-α protein were significantly decreased and correlated with degree of inflammation and macroscopic score. All treatments significantly attenuated the increased DSS-mediated expression levels of IL-1β. We conclude that the different glucan preparations (HWS or ME) harvested fromP. pulmonariuswhen orally administered to DSS-treated mice attenuate the development of colonic inflammation, suggesting putative clinical utility for these extracts in the treatment of colitis.
Evaluating energy intake measurement in free-living subjects: when to record and for how long?
Authors: Fyfe Claire L , Stewart Joanne , Murison Sandra D , Jackson Diane M , Rance Kellie , Speakman John R , Horgan Graham W , Johnstone Alexandra M 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo nutritionally analyse mean energy intake (EI) from different 3 d intervals within a 7 d recording period and to evaluate the seasonal effect on energy and nutrient intake.DesignCross-sectional study of dietary intake collected with 7 d food diaries.SettingAberdeen, north-east Scotland, UK, between 2002 and 2004.SubjectsParticipants from two long-term trials were pooled. These trials, investigating genetic and environmental influences on body weight, were the Genotyping And Phenotyping (GAP) study and a cohort observational study, Rowett Assessment of Childhood Appetite and metaboLism (RASCAL). There were 260 Caucasian adults, BMI range 16·7–49·3 kg/m2, age range 21–64 years.ResultsMean EI for Wednesday, Friday and Saturday had the closest approximation to the 7 d mean (0·1 % overestimate). A gender × season interaction (P= 0·019) with a different intake pattern for females and males was observed. For females, lower mean (se) EI was recorded in summer (8117 (610) kJ) and autumn (7941 (699) kJ) compared with spring (8929 (979) kJ) and winter (8132 (1041) kJ). For males, higher mean (se) EI was recorded in summer (10 420 (736) kJ) and autumn (10 490 (1041) kJ) compared with spring (9319 (1441) kJ) and winter (9103 (1505) kJ).ConclusionsThe study results indicate that 3 d weighed intakes recorded from Wednesday, Friday and Saturday are most representative of 7 d habitual intake in free-living subjects. They also indicate that seasonality has a limited effect on EI and no effect on macronutrient intake.
Bifunctional cytosolic UDP-glucose 4-epimerases catalyse the interconversion between UDP-D-xylose and UDP-L-arabinose in plants
Authors: Kotake Toshihisa , Takata Ryohei , Verma Rajeev , Takaba Masato , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Orita Takahiro , Kaneko Satoshi , Matsuoka Koji , Koyama Tetsuo , Reiter Wolf-Dieter , Tsumuraya Yoichi 
Published: September 2009

UDP-sugars serve as substrates in the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides and are themselves generated through sequential interconversion reactions from UDP-Glc (UDP-glucose) as the starting substrate in the cytosol and the Golgi apparatus. For the present study, a soluble enzyme with UDP-Xyl (UDP-xylose) 4-epimerase activity was purified approx. 300-fold from pea (Pisum sativum L.) sprouts by conventional chromatography. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme revealed that it is encoded by a predicted UDP-Glc 4-epimerase gene, PsUGE1, and is distinct from the UDP-Xyl 4-epimerase localized in the Golgi apparatus. rPsUGE1 (recombinant P. sativum UGE1) expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited both UDP-Xyl 4-epimerase and UDP-Glc 4-epimerase activities with apparent Km values of 0.31, 0.29, 0.16 and 0.15 mM for UDP-Glc, UDP-Gal (UDP-galactose), UDP-Ara (UDP-L-arabinose) and UDP-Xyl respectively. The apparent equilibrium constant for UDP-Ara formation from UDP-Xyl was 0.89, whereas that for UDP-Gal formation from UDP-Glc was 0.24. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PsUGE1 forms a group with Arabidopsis UDP-Glc 4-epimerases, AtUGE1 and AtUGE3, apart from a group including AtUGE2, AtUGE4 and AtUGE5. Similar to rPsUGE1, recombinant AtUGE1 and AtUGE3 expressed in E. coli showed high UDP-Xyl 4-epimerase activity in addition to their UDP-Glc 4-epimerase activity. Our results suggest that PsUGE1 and its close homologues catalyse the interconversion between UDP-Xyl and UDP-Ara as the last step in the cytosolic de novo pathway for UDP-Ara generation. Alternatively, the net flux of metabolites may be from UDP-Ara to UDP-Xyl as part of the salvage pathway for Ara.
Functional insights into the role of novel type I cohesin and dockerin domains from Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Pinheiro Benedita A. , Gilbert Harry J. , Sakka Kazutaka , Sakka Kazuo , Fernandes Vânia O. , Prates José A. M. , Alves Victor D. , Bolam David N. , Ferreira Luís M. A. , Fontes Carlos M. G. A 
Published: September 2009

Cellulosomes, synthesized by anaerobic microorganisms such as Clostridium thermocellum, are remarkably complex nanomachines that efficiently degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides. Cellulosome assembly results from the interaction of type I dockerin domains, present on the catalytic subunits, and the cohesin domains of a large non-catalytic integrating protein that acts as a molecular scaffold. In general, type I dockerins contain two distinct cohesin-binding interfaces that appear to display identical ligand specificities. Inspection of the C. thermocellum genome reveals 72 dockerin-containing proteins. In four of these proteins, Cthe_0258, Cthe_0435, Cthe_0624 and Cthe_0918, there are significant differences in the residues that comprise the two cohesin-binding sites of the type I dockerin domains. In addition, a protein of unknown function (Cthe_0452), containing a C-terminal cohesin highly similar to the equivalent domains present in C. thermocellum-integrating protein (CipA), was also identified. In the present study, the ligand specificities of the newly identified cohesin and dockerin domains are described. The results revealed that Cthe_0452 is located at the C. thermocellum cell surface and thus the protein was renamed as OlpC. The dockerins of Cthe_0258 and Cthe_0435 recognize, preferentially, the OlpC cohesin and thus these enzymes are believed to be predominantly located at the surface of the bacterium. By contrast, the dockerin domains of Cthe_0624 and Cthe_0918 are primarily cellulosomal since they bind preferentially to the cohesins of CipA. OlpC, which is a relatively abundant protein, may also adopt a ‘warehouse’ function by transiently retaining cellulosomal enzymes at the cell surface before they are assembled on to the multienzyme complex.
Reproducing the manual annotation of multiple sequence alignments using a SVM classifier
Authors: Blouin Christian , Perry Scott , Lavell Allan , Susko Edward , Roger Andrew J. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Aligning protein sequences with the best possible accuracy requires sophisticated algorithms. Since the optimal alignment is not guaranteed to be the correct one, it is expected that even the best alignment will contain sites that do not respect the assumption of positional homology. Because formulating rules to identify these sites is difficult, it is common practice to manually remove them. Although considered necessary in some cases, manual editing is time consuming and not reproducible. We present here an automated editing method based on the classification of ‘valid’ and ‘invalid’ sites.
Results: A support vector machine (SVM) classifier is trained to reproduce the decisions made during manual editing with an accuracy of 95.0%. This implies that manual editing can be made reproducible and applied to large-scale analyses. We further demonstrate that it is possible to retrain/extend the training of the classifier by providing examples of multiple sequence alignment (MSA) annotation. Near optimal training can be achieved with only 1000 annotated sites, or roughly three samples of protein sequence alignments.
Availability: This method is implemented in the software MANUEL, licensed under the GPL. A web-based application for single and batch job is available at http://fester.cs.dal.ca/manuel.
Contact: cblouin@cs.dal.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.