bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2-Brain Regulation to Achieve Improved Neuroprotection during Early Development (2-BRAINED): A translational hyperscanning research project
Authors: Billeci Lucia , Riva Valentina , Capelli Elena , Grumi Serena , Pili Miriam Paola , Cassa Maddalena , Siri Eleonora , Roberti Elisa , Provenzi Livio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction. Very preterm (VPT) birth is a major risk condition for child development and parental well-being, mainly due to multiple sources of stress (e.g., separation and pain exposure) during the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay. Early video-feedback (VF) interventions proved effective in promoting VOT infants’ development and parental well-being. Electroencephalography (EEG) hyperscanning allows the assessment of brain-to-brain co-regulation during live interaction between infants and parents and holds promises to highlight mechanisms behind the interactive benefits of early VF interventions. Goals. To compare indexes of brain-to-brain co-regulation between dyads of full-term (FT) and VPT infants interacting with their mothers. To investigate the effect of an early post-discharge VF intervention on the brain-to-brain co-regulation indexes of VPT dyads.
Methods and analysis. VPT and FT dyads will be enrolled at birth and the former will be randomly allocated to one of two arms: VF intervention or care as usual. Short-term effectiveness will be assessed through ratings of mother-infant interaction videotaped before and after the VF intervention or care as usual. Mothers of VPT and FT infants will report on their mental state, parenting stress and bonding, and infant temperament and sensory profile at 3 and 6 months (corrected age, CA). At 9 months CA, all dyads will participate in a lab-based EEG-hyperscanning paradigm to assess brain-to-brain co-regulation through phase-locking value (PLV) and other explorative indexes. Ethics and dissemination. This study is funded by the Italian Ministry of Health and received approval by the Ethics Committee of Pavia (Italy) and participating hospitals. Research findings will be reported in scientific publications, presented at international conferences, and disseminated to the general public.
Study registration number. GR-2021-12375213 (Italian Ministry of Health registry)
Start-up of anammox in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor: bacterial community composition and antibiotic resistance genes
Authors: Li Xin , Yao Junqin , Jia Yangyang , Liu Jiaqi , Chen Yinguang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) is considered a high-efficiency and low-consumption biological nitrogen removal process. In this study, synthetic wastewater was used to start an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed reactor with a starting temperature of 20–31℃, and subsequently, the activated sludge samples were used to analyze the changes in bacterial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that the reaction successfully started up after 132 days of cultivation, achieving NH4+-N and NO2−-N removal rates over 99.5%. Candidatus Kuenenia, an anammox bacterium, increased from 0.01 to 50.86%. The denitrifying bacteria Delftia, Acidovorax, Thauera and Alicycliphilus decreased from 18.70, 8.02, 4.94 and 4.59% to 7.01, 1.77, 3.06 and 3.96%, respectively. The ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas decreased from 2.91 to 1.87%. After cultivation, the relative abundance of ARGs in sludge decreased from 90.23 to 64.29 ppm, with sulfonamide, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, tetracycline, aminoglycoside and multidrug ARGs being the main types. Additionally, the ARG subtypes sul1, msrE and tetX decreased, while ermF, sul2 and floR increased. These results contribute to knowledge of the nitrogen removal performance, changes in bacterial community composition and ARGs in an anammox reactor, providing the guidance for the removal of ARGs by anammox.
Optimization of microwave parameters to enhance phytochemicals, antioxidants and metabolite profile of de-oiled rice bran
Authors: Chowdhury Alonkrita , Kumar Alla Yaswanth Naveen , Kumar Rajesh , Maurya Vivek Kumar , Mahesh M. S. , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Yadav Pavan Kumar , Ghosh Mayukh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The current study delves into the impact of microwave treatment with different wattage and durations on phytoconstituents, antioxidant status, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), and metabolite profiles of de-oiled rice bran. The total phenolics and flavonoids exhibited both up- and down-regulation based on specific microwave parameters, while an overall up-regulation in flavonol content was observed across all treated groups compared to the control. The DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity, FRAP, CUPRAC, metal chelating activity, and ascorbic acid content were enhanced in most of the microwaved samples; however, longer microwave exposure at higher wattage led to their diminution. A treatment-specific reduction was observed for ANFs, viz., condensed tannin, oxalate, and phytate. HR-MS-based untargeted metabolomics revealed diverse primary and secondary metabolites that clustered in a group-specific manner, indicating prominent group-wise metabolite variations. Analyses of discriminating metabolites revealed non-significant differences in the overall levels of phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins and cofactors, sugars, amino acids, terpenoids, fatty acids, and their derivatives among the various treated groups compared to the control; however, several individual metabolites within these metabolite classes differed significantly. The current findings suggest that optimized microwaving of de-oiled rice bran can enhance phytochemicals and antioxidants while improving the metabolite profile.
Beyond the Screen: Exploring Digital Health Experiences of Individuals Affected by Psoriasis – A Qualitative Interview Study
Authors: Erbas Mert Ege , Ziehfreund Stefanie , Biedermann Tilo , Zink Alexander 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, imposes a high burden on those affected, often leading to stigma and increased depression risk. With the increasing importance of digital media in medical contexts, there is a notable prevalence of misinformation and low-quality content. This study aims to explore the experiences of individuals affected by psoriasis regarding their disease-related digital media use.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with psoriasis-affected people between August 2020 and January 2022 in Germany. The participants were recruited through digital media platforms, professional contacts, and in person at a university hospital department in southern Germany and were interviewed via video call. The recorded data was pseudonymized, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis by Mayring which also allowed a quantitative evaluation of the category placements.
Results: Eight participants (50% female) with a median age of 40.5 years (range: 25 – 80 years) were included. Four main categories emerged: (1) strengths and (2) difficulties of digital media in the context of psoriasis, (3) digital media in the context of the physician-patient relationship, and (4) suggestions for improvement. Commonly mentioned strengths were the positive impact on one’s well-being and the access to alternative therapy options. Frequently named problems were qualitative shortcomings and commercial interests. Most participants reported that digital media was not addressed in the physician-patient communication. Nevertheless, instances where it was discussed revealed predominantly negative reactions from physicians. Participants desired an increased availability of online resources and enhanced cooperation between digital media platforms and physicians.
Conclusions: This study underscores the opportunities and challenges presented by digital media in managing psoriasis. Physicians should ensure that their patients access reliable platforms. Collaboration between physicians and affected individuals on digital media and adapting the traditional physician-patient relationship to an increasingly digitalized world are suggested to enhance patient care.
Phenomenological Study of International Medical Graduates (IMGs) and the Supervisory Relationship: Implications for Enhancing Successful Transitions to Practice in Canada
Authors: Lynn Brenna M. , Bluman Bob , Curran Vernon R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
International medical graduates (IMGs) comprise a substantial proportion of the medical workforces of many developed countries. Supervision, mentoring and coaching are often used to support IMGs with their adjustment and transition to medical practice in many of these countries. This study sought to explore the experiences of IMGs and their supervisors with the supervisory process.
Methods
Applying a phenomenological approach, six focus group interviews were conducted with twenty-one supervisors and IMGs on temporary licensure to explore the nature of the supervisory relationship and perceptions of the roles and expectations of supervisors of IMGs in Canada.
Results
The role of supervisor was perceived as important to supporting the IMG with adjusting, transitioning and navigating medical practice in Canada. Access and availability of the supervisor was critical, while supervisors with IMG backgrounds were felt to be more empathetic to the needs of supervisees. Having mentors, in addition to one’s supervisor, was seen as valuable to help with personal and professional adjustments to life in a new country and a novel medical system.
Conclusion
Effective supervision has an important role in supporting the successful transition and adjustment of IMGs to their new countries of practice, and potentially enhancing retention of these physicians in the rural and underserved communities where they may practice. Aspects of effective supervision include regular access and availability of the supervisor, fostering a supportive relationship and knowledge of the IMG background to provide empathetic support.
Comparison of Network Architectures for Semantic Segmentation
Authors: Boyadzhiev Teodor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Semantic segmentation is an important task in computer vision applications like autonomous driving, remote sensing, and medical image processing. Recently deep convolutional neural networks have become a standard in semantic segmentation tasks. The encoder-decoder architecture, an example of which is the UNet, has become well established and widely used. However, a two stream architecture working at different resolutions, an example of which is the DDRNet, has shown promising results. This paper aims to compare the performance of encoder-decoder architecture to the two-stream architecture by training a UNet and a DDRNet under the same conditions over different datasets. The results of this paper showed that in all cases, with and without pre-training, over all datasets the two-stream architecture outperformed the encoder-decoder architecture. Although well established, the UNet, seems to have inferior performance when compared to the newer DDRNet.
Analysis of the Relationship between Neonatal Risk Factors and Adverse Events in the Transfer of Operational Patients to the Neonatology Unit at RSCM
Authors: Tamba Riana Pauline , Rinaldy Kshetra , Putra Shandy Vama 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Transport of neonates from the neonatology unit to the operating room and vice versa carries a high risk of adverse events (KTD). However, there have been no detailed studies studying this. This study aims to determine the risk factors that play a role in the occurrence of adverse events during perioperative transfer of neonates.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Neonates who met the inclusion criteria and the exclusion criteria were included in this study. Risk factors and adverse event profiles were collected from the study subjects. Analysis was carried out using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses. This study was approved by RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.
Results: A total of 87 adverse events were recorded in the 56 neonates who were subjects in this study. Fifty one point seventy nine percent of the subjects were female, 48.21% of the subjects were premature, 58.93% had low birth weight, with an average birth weight of 2,138 grams. The most common adverse event features were desaturation, covering 71.43% of the study subjects. There is a significant association between invasive respiratory support and hypothermia (OR = 0.052; 95% CI = 0.005 – 0.506). There is a significant association between invasive respiratory support and medical device adverse events (OR = 0.175; 95% CI = 0.043 – 0.707). Invasive respiratory support is the factor that plays the most role in medical device adverse events based on multivariate analysis (aOR = 0.023; 95% CI = 0.054–0.995).
Conclusion: Prematurity, LBW, and congenital abnormalities were not associated with adverse events. Meanwhile, the use of invasive respiratory support is associated with hypothermia and medical device adverse events in neonatology unit surgery transfer patients.
Mutational signature analysis predicts bacterial hypermutation and multidrug resistance
Authors: Pursell Zachary , Hall Kalen , Williams Leonard , Smith Richard , Kuang Erin , Ernst Robert , Bojanowski Christine , Wimley William , Morici Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Bacteria of clinical importance, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can become hypermutators upon loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and are clinically correlated with high rates of multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, we demonstrate that hypermutated MMR-deficient P. aeruginosa has a unique mutational signature and rapidly acquires MDR upon repeated exposure to first-line or last-resort antibiotics. MDR acquisition was irrespective of drug class and instead arose through common resistance mechanisms shared between the initial and secondary drugs. Rational combinations of drugs having distinct resistance mechanisms prevented MDR acquisition in hypermutated MMR-deficient P. aeruginosa. Mutational signature analysis of P. aeruginosa across different human disease contexts identified appreciable quantities of MMR-deficient clinical isolates that were already MDR or prone to future MDR acquisition. Mutational signature analysis of patient samples is a promising diagnostic tool that may predict MDR and guide precision-based medical care.
REVISION 1: Structural variations along the apatite F-OH join: II. The role of hydrogen bonding in fluoridated teeth
Authors: Hughes John M. , Harlov Daniel , Rakovan John F. , Ahmadi Jamshid , Sieber Melanie J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fluoride is one of the most consumed pharmaceuticals in the world, and its facility in preventing dental caries is recognized as one of the top 10 public health achievements of the 20th century. Although hydroxylapatite is often used as an analog of dental enamel, the details of the substitution of F for OH in the apatite anion column are not well known. Using new synthesis techniques, this study extends the structure work on P63/m apatites along the middle portion of the F-OH apatite join to compositions near the composition of fluoridated human teeth. The first F substituent in hydroxylapatite, near fluoridated dental enamel compositions, is dramatically underbonded by the surrounding Ca2 atoms (0.72 vu) in a hydroxylapatite matrix. However, the hydroxyl hydrogen is able to contribute 0.20 or 0.10 vu in hydrogen bonding, depending on whether the substitution creates a reversal site in the anion column; this hydrogen bonding alleviates the bonding requirements of the substituent F. As F concentrations increase along the join, the average hydroxyl contributes increasing amounts of hydrogen bonding to the F column anions; to mitigate the loss of its hydrogen bonding, the hydroxyl oxygen migrates toward the adjacent mirror plane that contains the bonded Ca2 atoms, and the triangle of bonded Ca2 ions concomitantly contracts. These two mechanisms increase bonding to the column hydroxyl oxygen from the adjoining Ca2 atoms to balance the loss of hydrogen bonding that stabilizes the substituent F column anion and the increasing concentration of underbonded F.
A novel approach to flood risk zonation: integrating deep learning models with APG in the Aji Chay catchment
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Bina Ali , Fard Moradinia Sina 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Each year, floods, as one of the natural calamities, lead to significant destruction in various regions globally. Consequently, precise flood prediction becomes crucial in mitigating human and financial losses and effectively managing water resources. To achieve this, Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models were utilized in this study to map flood hazards in the Aji Chay watershed. Flood data points were collected from the study area and subsequently divided into two groups using the Absence Point Generation technique. The first group, comprising 70% of the data, served as the training dataset for model construction, while the remaining 30% formed the testing dataset for validation. Seven key factors influencing floods, namely, precipitation, land use, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, drainage density, flow direction, topographic wetness index, and terrain ruggedness index, were identified through Leave-One-Feature-Out approach and employed in the modeling process. The LSTM model with a Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic value of 88.14 was chosen as the best model based on the KS plot. The results revealed that approximately 37% of the study area fell into high and very high flood risk classes. These research findings can be valuable in the effective management of flood-prone areas and the reduction of flood damages.
Perfil clínico y epidemiológico de la parálisis cerebral en Colombia
Authors: Rivera-Rujana Diana Maria , Tovar-Ruiz Luz Angela , Muñoz-Rodríguez Diana Isabel , Jacome-Jacome Angie Lizeth , Suarez-Guerrero Angie Lorena , Cuantin-Morales Gustavo 
Published: June 2024

Introducción: la parálisis cerebral infantil (PCI) es un grupo de trastornos del desarrollo del movimiento y la postura, limita la actividad, impacta en la participación y afecta la calidad de vida de los niños. Es la causa más común de discapacidad motora y representa un problema de salud pública. Se desconocen los factores de riesgo asociados y las características clínicas. Objetivo: determinar el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de la PCI en la población participante. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal con intención analítica y retrospectivo de 330 niños con PCI, de 3 departamentos de Colombia. Resultados: el sexo masculino, infección prenatal (12,4%), parto prolongado (24,2%) y asfixia neonatal (17,3%) fueron los factores asociados más frecuentes con la PCI. Los niños que alcanzaron los hitos motores tempranos, lo hicieron trece meses después respecto al desarrollo motor típico. Solo el 15% de los niños estudiados superaron todas las dimensiones de Gross motor function measure (GMFM-66) y el 14% no logró realizar ninguna tarea motora. Conclusiones: el nacimiento a término con complicación de parto prolongado fue el principal factor asociado con PCI encontrado en este estudio. Se sugiere investigar el control prenatal y atención perinatal en el país con el fin de prevenir este trastorno.
Crosstalk Between Cancer-associated Fibroblasts and Myeloid Cells Shapes the Heterogeneous Microenvironment of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Peng Zhiwei , Fang Can , Tong Zhiwei , Rao Qiufan , Ren Zihao , Hu Kongwang 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Targeted therapies have improved the clinical outcomes of most patients
with cancer. However, the heterogeneity of gastric cancer remains a major hurdle for precision
treatment. Further investigations into tumor microenvironment heterogeneity are required to resolve
these problems.

Methods:
In this study, bioinformatic analyses, including metabolism analysis, pathway enrichment,
differentiation trajectory inference, regulatory network construction, and survival analysis,
were applied to gain a comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment biology within
gastric cancer using single-cell RNA-seq and public datasets and experiments were carried out to
confirm the conclusions of these analyses.

Results:
We profiled heterogeneous single-cell atlases and identified eight cell populations with
differential expression patterns. We identified two cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) subtypes,
with particular emphasis on the role of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) in
EMT and lipid metabolic crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment. Notably, we detected two
differentiation states of iCAFs that existed in different tissues with discrepant expression of genes
involved in immuno-inflammation or ECM remodeling. Moreover, investigation of tumor-infiltrating
myeloid cells has revealed the functional diversity of myeloid cell lineages in gastric cancer.
Of which a proliferative cell lineage named C1QC+MKI67+TAMs was recognized with high immunosuppressive
capacities, suggesting it has immune suppression and cell proliferation functions
in the tumor niche. Finally, we explored regulatory networks based on ligand-receptor pairs and
found crucial pro-tumor crosstalk between CAFs and myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment
(TME).

Conclusion:
These findings provide insights for future cancer treatments and drug discovery.