bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Adsorption Affinity of Anionic Perylene‐Based Surfactants towards Smaller‐Diameter SWCNTs
Authors: Backes Claudia , Mundloch Udo , Schmidt Cordula D. , Coleman Jonathan N. , Wohlleben Wendel , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWe present evidence from multiple characterization methods, such as emission spectroscopy, zeta potential, and analytical ultracentrifugation, to shed light on the adsorption behavior of synthesized perylene surfactants on single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). On comparing dispersions of smaller‐diameter SWCNTs prepared by using cobalt–molybdenum catalysis (CoMoCAT) with the larger‐diameter SWCNTs prepared by high‐pressure carbon monoxide decomposition (HiPco), we find that the CoMoCAT–perylene surfactant dispersions are characterized by more negative zeta potentials, and higher anhydrous specific volumes (the latter determined from the sedimentation coefficients by analytical ultracentrifugation), which indicates an increased packing density of the perylene surfactants on nanotubes of smaller diameter. This conclusion is further supported by the subsequent replacement of the perylene derivatives from the nanotube sidewall by sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), which first occurs on the larger‐diameter nanotubes. The enhanced adsorption affinity of the perylene surfactants towards smaller‐diameter SWCNTs can be understood in terms of a change in the supramolecular arrangement of the perylene derivatives on the scaffold of the SWCNTs. These findings represent a significant step forward in understanding the noncovalent interaction of π‐surfactants with carbon nanotubes, which will enable the design of novel surfactants with enhanced selectivity for certain nanotube species.
Metal‐Catalyzed Cycloetherification Reactions of β,γ‐ and γ,δ‐Allendiols: Chemo‐, Regio‐, and Stereocontrol in the Synthesis of Oxacycles
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Carrascosa Rocío , Martínez del Campo Teresa 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVersatile routes that lead to a variety of functionalized enantiopure tetrahydrofurans, dihydropyrans, and tetrahydrooxepines are based on chemo‐, regio‐, and stereocontrolled metal‐catalyzed oxycyclization reactions of β,γ‐ and γ,δ‐allendiols, which were readily prepared from (R)‐2,3‐O‐isopropylideneglyceraldehyde. The application of PdII, PtII, AuIII, or LaIII salts as the catalysts gives controlled access to differently sized oxacycles in enantiopure form. Usually, chemoselective cyclization reactions occurred exclusively by attack of the secondary hydroxy group (except for the oxybromination of phenyl β,γ‐allenic diols 3 b and 3 d) to an allenic carbon atom. Regio‐ and stereocontrol issues are mainly influenced by the nature of the metal catalysts and substituents.
Tunable Hydrophobicity in DNA Micelles: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of a New Family of DNA Amphiphiles
Authors: Anaya Milena , Kwak Minseok , Musser Andrew J. , Müllen Klaus , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis and characterization of a new family of DNA amphiphiles containing modified nucleobases. The hydrophobicity was imparted by the introduction of a dodec‐1‐yne chain at the 5‐position of the uracil base, which allowed precise and simple tuning of the hydrophobic properties through solid‐phase DNA synthesis. The micelles formed from these modified DNA sequences were characterized by atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These experiments revealed the role of the quantity and location of the hydrophobic units in determining the morphology and stability of the micelles. The effects of hybridization on the physical characteristics of the DNA micelles were also studied; these results showed potential for the sequence‐specific noncovalent functionalization of the self‐assembled aggregates.
Automatically constructing semantic link network on documents
Authors: Zhuge Hai , Zhang Junsheng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractKnowing semantic links among resources is the basis of realizing machine intelligence over large‐scale resources. Discovering semantic links among resources with limited human interference is a challenge issue. This paper proposes an approach to automatically discovering and predicting semantic links in a document set based on a model of document semantic link network (SLN). The approach has the following advantages: it supports probabilistic relational reasoning; SLNs and the relevant rules automatically evolve; and, it can adapt to the update of the adopted techniques. The approach can support cyber space applications, such as documentation recommendation and relational queries, on large documents. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic software updates for parallel high‐performance applications
Authors: Kim Dong Kwan , Tilevich Eli , Ribbens Calvin J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDespite using multiple concurrent processors, a typical high‐performance parallel application is long‐running, taking hours, even days to arrive at a solution. To modify a running high‐performance parallel application, the programmer has to stop the computation, change the code, redeploy, and enqueue the updated version to be scheduled to run, thus wasting not only the programmer's time, but also expensive computing resources. To address these inefficiencies, this article describes how dynamic software updates (DSU) can be used to modify a parallel application on the fly, thus saving the programmer's time and using expensive computing resources more productively. The net effect of updating parallel applications dynamically can reduce the total time that elapses between posing a problem and arriving at a solution, otherwise known as time‐to‐discovery. To explore the benefits of dynamic updates for high performance applications, this article takes a two‐pronged approach. First, we describe our experiences of building and evaluating a system for dynamically updating applications running on a parallel cluster. We then review a large body of literature describing the existing state of the art in DSU and point out how this research can be applied to high‐performance applications. Our experimental results indicate that DSU have the potential to become a powerful tool in reducing time‐to‐discovery for high‐performance parallel applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observation of Filamentary Structures on the Boundary Region of the LHD Stellarator
Authors: Carralero D. , Shoji M. , de la Cal E. , van Milligen B. Ph. , de Pablos J. L. , Hidalgo C. , Yamada H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLarge Helical Device (LHD) high β regime discharges are observed with a fast camera, with 〈β 〉 values up to almost 5%. High frequency sequences (20 µs between shots) of the density fluctuations in the edge region are obtained. Macroscopic coherent scructures, in the shape of “comet”‐like filaments can be seen in these sequences, propagating from the external ergodic region to the wall. These structures are analyzed and their radial and parallel transport is discussed. Strong relation between the generation of low frequency particle ejections and m/n= 2/3 edge mode is found. In the strike point region, “reflected” structures are observed as a response to ejected filaments. These are discussed in terms of plasma wall interaction phenomena (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Collisionless Drift Waves Ranging from Current‐Driven, Shear‐Modified, and Electron‐Temperature‐Gradient Modes
Authors: Hatakeyama R. , Moon C. , Tamura S. , Kaneko T. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe specific history of collisionless drift waves is marked by focusing upon current‐driven, shear‐modified, and electron‐temperature‐gradient modes. Studies of current‐driven collisionless drift waves started in 1977 using the Innsbruck Q machine and was continued over 30 years until 2009 with topics such as plasma heating by drift waves in fusion‐oriented confinement and space/astrophysical plasmas. Superposition of perpendicular flow velocity shear on parallel shear intensively modifies the drift wave characteristics through the variation of its azimuthal structure, where the parallel‐shear driven instability is suppressed for strong perpendicular shears, while hybrid‐ion velocity shear cause unexpected stabilization of the parallel‐shear‐modified drift wave. An electron temperature gradient can be formed easily by control of thermionic electron superimposed on ECR plasma, and is found to excite low‐frequency fluctuation in the range of drift waves (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Positively Biased Probes in Magnetized Plasmas
Authors: Stenzel R. L. , Urrutia J. M. , Ionita C. , Schrittwieser R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPositively biased probes in magnetized plasmas can create several phenomena which are not described by standard probe theories. These include transient currents for pulsed electrodes in the regime of Electron MHD, relaxation oscillations induced by large probes and high frequency instabilities at the sheath‐plasma frequency. Although they may limit the use of probes for diagnostic purposes they also offer new applications and belong to the general knowledge of probes in plasmas (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear Effects Related to the Simultaneous Excitation of Three Instabiities in Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Dimitriu D. G. , Ionita C. , Schrittwieser R. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractExperimental results are presented on the nonlinear effects related to the simultaneous excitation of three low‐frequency instabilities in the magnetized plasma column of a Q‐machine, namely the potential relaxation instability, the electrostatic ion‐cyclotron instability and the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability. The influence of electron drift and magnetic field intensity on appearance, dynamics and mutual interaction of these instabilities was investigated (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Detection and confirmation of 60 anabolic and androgenic steroids in equine plasma by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry with instant library searching
Authors: Liu Ying , Uboh Cornelius E. , Soma Lawrence R. , Li Xiaoqing , Guan Fuyu , You Youwen , Rudy Jeffrey A. , Chen Jin‐Wen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIn 2008, Pennsylvania (PA) became the first State in the USA to ban and enforce the ban on the use of anabolic and androgenic steroids (AAS) in equine athletes by using plasma for analysis. To enforce the ban, a rapid and high‐throughput method for analysis of 60 AAS in equine plasma was developed by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Analytes were recovered from plasma by liquid‐liquid extraction (LLE) using methyl tert‐butyl ether, separated on a reversed‐phase C18 column and analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM) scan was employed for screening. When the MRM signal of an analyte exceeded 1000 counts per second (cps), information‐dependent acquisition (IDA) triggered generation of an enhanced product ion (EPI) scan of the analyte. A library for the analytes was simultaneously established using the EPI spectrum. Unambiguous identification of any of the 60 AAS in a test sample was based on both the presence of MRM response within the correct retention time (tR) window and a qualitative match between EPI spectrum of the test sample and that of the reference drug standard stored in the library. Total analysis time was 7 min. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of confirmation (LOC) for most of the analytes were 0.01–2 ng/mL and 0.1–10 ng/mL, respectively. Recovery of the analytes from plasma by LLE was 74–138%. The method was successfully verified and is routinely used in the screening of post‐race equine plasma samples for the presence of these 60 AAS. The method is rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and reliable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of zebrafish intestinal smooth muscle development using a novel sm22α‐b promoter
Authors: Seiler Christoph , Abrams Joshua , Pack Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSmooth muscle cells provide structural support for many tissues and control essential physiological processes, such as blood pressure and gastrointestinal motility. Relatively little is known about the early stages of intestinal smooth muscle development and its relationship to the development of the enteric nervous system, which regulates intestinal motility. Here, we report an evolutionarily conserved 523 base pair regulatory element within the promoter of the zebrafish sm22α‐b (transgelin1) gene that directs transgene expression in smooth muscle cells of the intestine and other tissues. Comparative genomic analysis identified a conserved motif within this element consisting of two Serum Response Factor binding sites that is also present in the promoters of many mammalian smooth muscle genes. We established a stable line expressing GFP in smooth muscle cell and used this line to describe lineage relationships among cells within different intestinal smooth muscle layers and their co‐development with the enteric nervous system (ENS). Developmental Dynamics 239:2806–2812, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cloning and embryonic expression of zebrafish PCSK5 co‐orthologues: Functional assessment during lateral line development
Authors: Chitramuthu Babykumari P. , Baranowski David C. , Cadieux Benoît , Rousselet Estelle , Seidah Nabil G. , Bennett Hugh P.J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPro‐protein convertase subtilisin/kexin 5 (PC5, also known as PC6) is a member of the subtilisin‐like superfamily of serine proteases implicated in the maturation of latent precursor proteins into their functionally active derivatives. To investigate the functional roles, we have cloned the cDNA sequences encoding two candidate zebrafish PC5 convertases (designated as PCSK5.1 and PCSK5.2) co‐orthologous to the single PC5 encoding gene (PCSK5) found in mammals. Both display syntenic correspondence to the human PCSK5 gene. Overall gene architecture has been conserved across species. While PC5.1 mRNA expression is very discrete within the otic vesicle and lateral line neuromasts, PC5.2 transcripts are more ubiquitously expressed within the central nervous system together with specific localization in various organs including liver, intestine, and otic vesicle. Zebrafish PC5.1‐deficient embryos display abnormal neuromast deposition within the lateral line system and lack a normal touch response, consistent with the known sensory role that the lateral line plays in spatial awareness and sensing the environment. Developmental Dynamics 239:2933–2946, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of leak current generation distribution in PEFC and its application to load fluctuation testing under low humidification
Authors: Nakamura Soshin , Kashiwa Eiichi , Sasou Hidetoshi , Hariyama Suguru , Aoki Tsutomu , Ogami Yasuji , Nishikawa Hisao 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA study was performed to establish a method for measuring the position and amount of leak current increase during operation of a fuel cell. This measurement method was applied to load fluctuation testing at low humidification and the increase in the leak current was observed in the downstream zone of the cell. The tested cell was disassembled and cross sections were observed under the SEM. The SEM images revealed the formation of a Pt band near the cathode catalyst in the downstream zone of the cell. This may be the cause of the degradation of the membrane at the downstream. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(1): 1–9, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21038
Mesoporous Nickel–Aluminum Mixed Oxide: A Promising Catalyst in Hydride‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Paul Manidipa , Pal Nabanita , Bhaumik Asim 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe design and synthesis of a new nanostructured material that can efficiently catalyze selective reduction reactions in an eco‐friendly way is an active area of research today. Here a mesoporous Ni–Al mixed oxide material has been synthesized hydrothermally by using lauric acid as capping agent. The mesoporosity observed in the material is mainly originated from the interparticle voids created due to the self‐assembly of the nanoparticles (NPs) in the presence of capping agent used during the synthesis. The material has been characterized by powder XRD, N2 sorption, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), FTIR, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA) tools. The mesoporous Ni–Al mixed‐oxide material showed a very high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (337 m2 g–1) and excellent catalytic activity in a selective liquid‐phase hydride‐transfer reduction reaction of nitroarenes to their corresponding anilines in the presence of 2‐propanol as hydride source.
Nitrogen stripping to remove dissolved oxygen from extra virgin olive oil
Authors: Masella Piernicola , Parenti Alessandro , Spugnoli Paolo , Calamai Luca 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe stripping treatment of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by nitrogen gas to remove dissolved oxygen (DO) was tested immediately after the oil production. Dissolved oxygen was measured before and after stripping, as well as one week later along with chemical analyses with the aim to assess the effects of the stripping treatment on EVOO quality. Stripping gave a great reduction of DO, of ca 50%. Both stripped (SO) and non‐stripped (non‐SO) oil samples showed a fast DO consumption up to zero in seven days. At this time, the non‐SO samples showed significant higher peroxide value probably as a consequence of the initial higher DO concentration that gives a greater formation of free radicals. A slightly lower concentration of total phenols was recorded for SO samples. A slight but significant decrease was recorded for only (E)‐hex‐2‐enal concentration within the volatile compounds.
Cross‐metathesis of methyl 10‐undecenoate with diethyl maleate: Formation of an α,ω‐diester via a metathesis reaction network
Authors: Behr Arno , Gomes Jessica Pérez , Bayrak Zeynep 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe cross‐metathesis of methyl 10‐undecenoate 1 derived from castor oil as a renewable raw material with diethyl maleate 2 was investigated. These reactions were carried out with several phosphine and N‐heterocyclic carbene ruthenium catalysts. The reaction conditions were optimised for high conversions in combination with high cross‐metathesis selectivity. This single‐step and atom‐economic synthetic method illustrates an efficient and selective preparation procedure of linear α,ω‐dicarboxylic acid esters starting from renewable resources and comparatively inexpensive base chemicals. Further by‐products are hardly obtained due to their consumption in secondary metathesis reactions. Hence, a sustainable alternative for polyamide and polyester monomers is presented.
InIII‐Catalysed Tandem C–C and C–O Bond Formation between Phenols and Allylic Acetates
Authors: Vece Vito , Ricci Jérémy , Poulain‐Martini Sophie , Nava Paola , Carissan Yannick , Humbel Stéphane , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: September 2010

AbstractIndium triflate catalysed tandem allylation–intramolecular hydroalkoxylation was efficiently carried out by using 1 mol‐% of the catalyst under mild conditions to afford the dihydrobenzopyran ring system (chroman‐type structure) in good yields. Kinetic, mechanistic and theoretical studies are also presented.
Dual CD system‐modified MEEKC method for the determination of clemastine and its impurities
Authors: Orlandini Serena , Giannini Iacopo , Navarro Mercedes Villar , Pinzauti Sergio , Furlanetto Sandra 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA dual system of CDs was used for the first time in MEEKC with the aim of determining clemastine and its three main related impurities in both drug substances and tablets. The addition of methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin to the microemulsion pseudo‐stationary phase was essential to increase the resolving power of the system to obtain a baseline separation among the compounds. The best microemulsion composition was identified by mixture design and the effects of the factors concentrations of CDs and voltage were investigated by a response surface study applying a Central Composite Design. In both cases, Derringer's desirability function made it possible to find the global optimum, which corresponded to the following combination: microemulsion, 89.8% 10 mM borate buffer pH 9.2, 1.5% n‐heptane and 8.7% of SDS/n‐butanol in 1:2 ratio; 18 mM methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, 38 mM heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin, 17 kV. By applying these conditions, the separation was completed in about 5.5 min. The method was validated following International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines and was applied to a real sample of clemastine tablets.
Simultaneous determination of nine endogenous steroids in human urine by polymeric‐mixed micelle capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Flor Sabrina , Lucangioli Silvia , Contin Mario , Tripodi Valeria 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA new CE system based on the use of polymeric‐mixed micelles (cholic acid, SDS and the poloxamine Tetronic® 1107) was developed for the simultaneous determination of nine steroids in human urine. This method allows the baseline separation and quantitation of cortisol, androstenedione, estriol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone, progesterone and estradiol in less than 25 min showing to be sensitive enough to detect low concentrations of these steroids in urine samples (5–45 ng/mL). The optimized electrophoretic conditions were performed using a 50 cm×75 μm capillary, 18 kV, 25°C, with 44 mM cholic acid, 10 mM SDS, 0.05% w/v tetronic® 1107, 2.5% v/v methanol, 2.5% v/v tetrahydrofuran in 5 mM borate – 5 mM phosphate buffer (pH=8.0) as a background electrolyte and a dual 210/254 UV‐detection. The method can simultaneously determine 0.1–120 μg/mL, which corresponds to 5–6000 ng/mL of steroids in 2 mL urine. The recoveries ranged between 82.4 and 101.5%. Due to its simplicity, speed, accuracy and reliability, the proposed method could be a potential alternative to the traditional methodologies used with clinical purposes.
Detrapping particles in gel electrophoresis: A numerical study of different pulsed field sequences
Authors: Dubé Antoine , Slater Gary W. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractLarge particles tend to get trapped in dead‐ends more often than small particles when electrophoresed in random cross‐linked gels. It is known that pulsed electric fields can be used to free particles from these traps, leading to an increase in velocity and improved size separation. Although numerical and theoretical models have been proposed for the mobility of smaller particles in the so‐called Ogston sieving limit, the effect of pulsed fields on trapping has not been previously modeled. We present a numerical study of detrapping and we compare our results with those of To and Boyde (To, K.‐Y., Boyde, T. R., Electrophoresis 1993, 14, 597). We use an exact numerical method to examine detrapping in various two‐dimensional systems of obstacles. We also propose and investigate new ways to optimize the pulse sequence in order to separate particles of different sizes.