bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Requirement for Cellular Transportin 3 (TNPO3 or TRN-SR2) during Infection Maps to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid and Not Integrase
Authors: Krishnan Lavanya , Matreyek Kenneth A. , Oztop Ilker , Lee Kyeongeun , Tipper Christopher H. , Li Xiang , Dar Mohd J. , KewalRamani Vineet N. , Engelman Alan 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
Recent genome-wide screens have highlighted an important role for transportin 3 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and preintegration complex (PIC) nuclear import. Moreover, HIV-1 integrase interacted with recombinant transportin 3 protein under conditions whereby Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) integrase failed to do so, suggesting that integrase-transportin 3 interactions might underscore active retroviral PIC nuclear import. Here we correlate infectivity defects in transportin 3 knockdown cells with in vitro protein binding affinities for an expanded set of retroviruses that include simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) to critically address the role of integrase-transportin 3 interactions in viral infection. Lentiviruses, with the exception of FIV, display a requirement for transportin 3 in comparison to MLV and RSV, yielding an infection-based dependency ranking of SIV > HIV-1 > BIV and EIAV > MLV, RSV, and FIV. In vitro pulldown and surface plasmon resonance assays, in contrast, define a notably different integrase-transportin 3 binding hierarchy: FIV, HIV-1, and BIV > SIV and MLV > EIAV. Our results therefore fail to support a critical role for integrase binding in dictating transportin 3 dependency during retrovirus infection. In addition to integrase, capsid has been highlighted as a retroviral nuclear import determinant. Accordingly, MLV/HIV-1 chimera viruses pinpoint the genetic determinant of sensitization to transportin 3 knockdown to the HIV-1 capsid protein. We therefore conclude that capsid, not integrase, is the dominant viral factor that dictates transportin 3 dependency during HIV-1 infection.
Interaction of the Betapapillomavirus E2 Tethering Protein with Mitotic Chromosomes
Authors: Sekhar Vandana , Reed Shawna C. , McBride Alison A. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACT
During persistent papillomavirus infection, the viral E2 protein tethers the viral genome to the host cell chromosomes, ensuring maintenance and segregation of the viral genome during cell division. However, E2 proteins from different papillomaviruses interact with distinct chromosomal regions and targets. The tethering mechanism has been best characterized for bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1), where the E2 protein tethers the viral genome to mitotic chromosomes in complex with the cellular bromodomain protein, Brd4. In contrast, the betapapillomavirus human papillomavirus type 8 (HPV8) E2 protein binds to the repeated ribosomal DNA genes that are found on the short arm of human acrocentric chromosomes. In this study, we show that a short 16-amino-acid peptide from the hinge region and the C-terminal DNA binding domain of HPV8 E2 are necessary and sufficient for interaction with mitotic chromosomes. This 16-amino-acid region contains an RXXS motif that is highly conserved among betapapillomaviruses, and both arginine 250 and serine 253 residues within this motif are required for mitotic chromosome binding. The HPV8 E2 proteins are highly phosphorylated, and serine 253 is a site of phosphorylation. The HPV8 E2 chromosome binding sequence also has sequence similarity with chromosome binding regions in the gammaherpesvirus EBNA and LANA tethering proteins.
Changes of mucosal immunity and antioxidation activity in elite male Taiwanese taekwondo athletes associated with intensive training and rapid weight loss
Authors: Tsai M-L , Chou K-M , Chang C-K , Fang S-H 
Published: October 2009

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the cumulative effects of prolonged, intensive training and rapid weight loss on immunological parameters and antioxidation activity of elite male Taiwanese taekwondo athletes.Design16 Elite male taekwondo athletes (mean age, 21.6 (1.3) years; mean height, 173.7 (5.5) cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Beginning at 30 days before a national competition, saliva samples were obtained during a 7-week training, the competition and the postcompetition period. Levels of salivary IgA, cortisol, lactoferrin and free-radical scavenging activity were measured at 30-, 14-, 7- and 1-day precompetition and 1-, 7- and 19-day postcompetition. Body weight and body fat were also recorded.ResultsThe mean body weight was notably decreased during the week immediately before the competition. Results reveal that the levels of salivary IgA were differentially regulated during the training, competition and recovery period, while the salivary cortisol and lactoferrin concentrations and free-radical scavenging activity were not appreciably affected during the training and the competition period. Furthermore, the results of an upper respiratory tract infection incidence indicate that following the decreases of mucosal immunity, the risk of acquiring infection was significantly increased.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that mucosal immunity in elite male taekwondo athletes is modulated by exercise and rapid weight reduction during the training, competition and recovery period. Cumulative effects of prolonged intensive training and rapid weight reduction suppressed mucosal immunity. Furthermore, because of the “open window” of impaired immunity during the precompetition period, the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection was significantly increased after the competition.
Are there risk factors in alpine skiing? A controlled multicentre survey of 1278 skiers
Authors: Hasler R M , Dubler S , Benneker L M , Berov S , Spycher J , Heim D , Zimmermann H , Exadaktylos A K 
Published: October 2009

Objective:To analyse risk factors in alpine skiing.Design:A controlled multicentre survey of injured and non-injured alpine skiers.Setting:One tertiary and two secondary trauma centres in Bern, Switzerland.Patients and methods:All injured skiers admitted from November 2007 to April 2008 were analysed using a completed questionnaire incorporating 15 parameters. The same questionnaire was distributed to non-injured controls. Multiple logistic regression was performed. Patterns of combined risk factors were calculated by inference trees. A total of 782 patients and 496 controls were interviewed.Results:Parameters that were significant for the patients were: high readiness for risk (p = 0.0365, OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.27); low readiness for speed (p = 0.0008, OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.60); no aggressive behaviour on slopes (p<0.0001, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.37); new skiing equipment (p = 0.0228, OR 59, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.93); warm-up performed (p = 0.0015, OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.57); old snow compared with fresh snow (p = 0.0155, OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.80); old snow compared with artificial snow (p = 0.0037, OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.60); powder snow compared with slushy snow (p = 0.0035, OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.63); drug consumption (p = 0.0044, OR 5.92, 95% CI 1.74 to 20.11); and alcohol abstinence (p<0.0001, OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.34). Three groups at risk were detected: (1) warm-up 3–12 min, visual analogue scale (VAS)speed>4 and bad weather/visibility; (2) VASspeed4–7, icy slopes and not wearing a helmet; (3) warm-up >12 min and new skiing equipment.Conclusions:Low speed, high readiness for risk, new skiing equipment, old and powder snow, and drug consumption are significant risk factors when skiing. Future work should aim to identify more precisely specific groups at risk and develop recommendations—for example, a snow weather index at valley stations.
The lymphatic system controls intestinal inflammation and inflammation-associated colon cancer through the chemokine decoy receptor D6
Authors: Vetrano Stefania , Borroni Elena M , Sarukhan Adelaida , Savino Benedetta , Bonecchi Raffaella , Correale Carmen , Arena Vincenzo , Fantini Massimo , Roncalli Massimo , Malesci Alberto , Mantovani Alberto , Locati Massimo , Danese Silvio 
Published: October 2009

Background and aimsInflammatory CC chemokines have long been associated with cancer, but unequivocal evidence of a role in clinically relevant models of carcinogenesis is lacking. D6, a promiscuous decoy receptor that scavenges inflammatory CC chemokines, plays a non-redundant role in reducing the inflammatory response in various organs. As inflammation is a key player in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and IBD-associated colorectal cancer, we investigated D6 expression in human colitis and colon cancer, and its role in experimental colitis and inflammation-associated colon cancer.ResultsIn humans, D6 was mainly expressed by lymphatic vessels and leukocytes in the mucosa of individuals with IBD and colon cancer, as well as the mucosa of control individuals. Mice lacking expression of D6 were significantly more susceptible to experimental colitis than wild-type mice and failed to resolve colitis, with significantly higher levels of several pro-inflammatory chemokines. In bone marrow chimeric mice, the ability of D6 to regulate colitis was tracked to the stromal/lymphatic compartment, with no contribution of haemopoietic cells. Finally, after administration of the carcinogen azoxymethane, D6−/− mice showed increased susceptibility to colitis-associated cancer in the distal segment of the colon compared with wild-type mice.ConclusionsD6 expressed on lymphatic vessels plays a key role in the control of intestinal inflammation and the development of inflammation-associated colon cancer. Our results reveal a new unexpected role for the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of IBD and intestinal cancer, and candidate chemokines as novel players in tumour promotion and progression.
Distribution of dipyridamole in blood components among post-stroke patients treated with extended release formulation
Authors: Sabaeva Elena , Booze Christopher , Atar Oliver D. , Eisert Christian , Hanley Dan , Serebruany Victor ,   for the Aggrenox® Compliance Task Force
Published: October 2009

SummaryExtended release dipyridamole (ERD) is widely used in patients after ischaemic stroke; however, the ability of this antithrombotic agent to be stored in different blood cells has never been explored in post-stroke patients. We hypothesised that since ERD is known to be highly lipophilic, the drug may be present not only in plasma, but also accumulated in platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes. Fifteen patients after documented ischaemic stroke were treated with Aggrenox (ERD and lowdose aspirin combination) BID for 30 days, and 12 of them completed the study. ERD concentrations in blood cells and platelet-poor plasma were measured by spectrofluorimetry at Baseline, Day 14, and Day 30 after the initiation of therapy. The background level of spectrofluorometry readings differs slightly among the blood components (132–211 ng/ml) due to the differences in the preparation of samples and cell isolation techniques. As expected, two weeks of ERD therapy produced steady-state plasma concentration of dipyridamole already at Day 14 (1,680 ±542 ng/ ml), followed by a slight not significant decrease at one month (1,619 ±408 ng/ml). Two weeks of therapy was sufficient to achieve a consistent dipyridamole accumulation in erythrocytes (361 ±43 ng/ml), but not in platelets (244 ±78 ng/ml), or leukocytes (275 ±49 ng/ml).In fact, white blood cells continued dipyridamole intake beyond 14 days period, and this increase (398 ± 66 ng/ml) was significant (p = 0.02) at 30 days. Treatment with ERD in post-stroke patients resulted not only in achievement of therapeutic plasma dipyridamole concentrations, but also deposition of the drug in erythrocytes and leukocytes, but not in platelets. If confirmed, these data will affect our better understanding of dipyridamole pleiotropy, and may explain long-term benefit of ERD formulation.
Verification of a High-Resolution Model Forecast Using Airborne Doppler Radar Analysis during the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Guillermo
Authors: Zou X. , Wu Yonghui , Ray Peter Sawin 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The NOAA Hurricane Research Division (HRD) P-3 aircraft provided airborne radar observations during the period of rapid intensification of Hurricane Guillermo on 2 August 1997. The inner core structure and evolution of Hurricane Guillermo (1997) over a 120 km by 120 km square area, centered on the storm, was observed by the P-3 aircraft during 10 flight legs at half-hour intervals during a 6-h period from 1800 UTC 2 August to 0000 UTC 3 August 1997. A high-resolution short-term model forecast initialized at 1800 UTC 2 August 1997 was made using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR nonhydrostatic, two-way interactive, movable, triply nested grid Mesoscale Model (MM5). The weak vortex at the initial time in the NCEP analysis was replaced by a tropical storm–like vortex generated by a 4D variational data assimilation (4D-Var) vortex initialization experiment. The modeled Guillermo followed the observed track with less than a 12-km track error at any time during the 6-h forecast period. The modeled eye is smaller than the observed eye and the modeled vortex is more upright than shown by the radar analysis. The minimum pressure, maximum wind (intensity), and radial profile of tangential winds are close to the radar analysis after 2–3 h of model spinup. A spectral decomposition further reveals that (i) large differences between the model simulation and radar analysis of the asymmetric features are mostly caused by azimuthal phase errors; (ii) the wavenumber 1 component dominates the asymmetric features and remains stationary within the inner core region, as is also observed by airborne Doppler radar; and (iii) although being significantly different from radar analysis, the azimuthal phase of the wavenumber 1 component of modeled reflectivity does not vary greatly with time as the radar data suggest.
A Homogeneous Record (1896–2006) of Daily Weather and Climate at Mohonk Lake, New York*
Authors: Cook Benjamin I. , Cook Edward R. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Huth Paul C. , Thompson John E. , Smiley Shanan F. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Reliable, long-term records of daily weather and climate are relatively rare but are crucial for understanding long-term trends and variability in extreme events and other climate metrics that are not resolvable at the monthly time scale. Here, the distinct features of a continuous, long-term (1896–2006) daily weather record from Mohonk Lake, New York, are highlighted. The site is optimal for daily climate analyses, since it has experienced negligible land-use change, no station moves, and has maintained methodological and instrumental consistency over the entire period of record. Unlike many sites, the site has always used maximum/minimum thermometers rather than shifting to the automated Maximum/Minimum Temperature Sensor. Notable results from the analysis of this record include 1) a warming trend driven largely by trends in maximum temperatures, especially during summer, 2) increasing diurnal temperature range during summer, and 3) a reduction in the number of freeze-days per year with little change in the length of the freeze-free season. These findings deviate from some regional level trends, suggesting there may be value in revisiting selected, consistently monitored, and maintained stations similar to Mohonk for focused analyses of regional climate change.
Three-Body Scattering and Hail Size
Authors: Zrnic D. S. , Zhang G. , Melnikov V. , Andric J. 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
The three-body scattering signature is an appendage seen on weather radar displays of reflectivity behind strong storm cells. It is caused by multiple scattering between hydrometeors and the ground. The radar equation for this phenomenon is reexamined and corrected to include the coherent wave component producing 3 dB more power than previously reported. Furthermore, the possibility to gauge hail size causing this phenomenon is explored. A model of forward scattering by spherical hail and accepted values of ground backscattering cross sections are used in an attempt to reconcile the reflectivity in this signature with observations. This work demonstrates that the signature can be caused by small- (&lt;10 mm) to moderate- (20 mm) sized hail. An effort to gauge hail size by comparing the direct return from hail with the three-body scattered return is made. The theory indicates fundamental ambiguities in size retrieval resulting from resonant effects. Although theory eliminates the number of hailstones per unit volume, the shape of hail size distribution and the cross section of ground contribute additional uncertainty to the retrieval.
Treatment of Symptomatic Cartilage Defects of the Knee
Authors: Saris Daniel B. F. , Vanlauwe Johan , Victor Jan , Almqvist Karl Fredrik , Verdonk Rene , Bellemans Johan , Luyten Frank P. 
Published: October 2009

Background Damaged articular cartilage has limited capacity for self-repair. Autologous chondrocyte implantation using a characterized cell therapy product results in significantly better early structural repair as compared with microfracture in patients with symptomatic joint surface defects of the femoral condyles of the knee. Purpose To evaluate clinical outcome at 36 months after characterized chondrocyte implantation (CCI) versus microfracture (MF). Study Design Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods Patients aged 18 to 50 years with single International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade III/IV symptomatic cartilage defects of the femoral condyles were randomized to CCI (n = 57) or MF (n = 61). Clinical outcome was measured over 36 months by the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were scored using the Magnetic resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) system and 9 additional items. Gene expression profile scores associated with ectopic cartilage formation were determined by RT-PCR. Results Baseline mean overall KOOS (±SE) was comparable between the CCI and MF groups (56.30 ± 1.91 vs 59.46 ± 1.98, respectively). Mean improvement (±SE) from baseline to 36 months in overall KOOS was greater in the CCI group than the MF group (21.25 ± 3.60 vs 15.83 ± 3.48, respectively), while in a mixed linear model analysis with time as a categorical variable, significant differences favoring CCI were shown in overall KOOS (P = .048) and the subdomains of Pain (P = .044) and QoL (P = .036). More CCI- than MF-treated patients were treatment responders (83% vs 62%, respectively). In patients with symptom onset of <2 years, the mean improvement (±SE) from baseline to 36 months in overall KOOS was greater with CCI than MF (24.98 ± 4.34 vs 16.50 ± 3.99, respectively) and even greater in patients with symptom onset of <3 years (26.08 ± 4.10 vs 17.09 ± 3.77, respectively). Characterized chondrocyte implantation patients with high (>2) versus low (<2) gene profile scores showed greater improvement from baseline in mean overall KOOS (±SE) at 36 months (28.91 ± 5.69 vs 18.18 ± 5.08, respectively). Subchondral bone reaction significantly worsened over time with MF compared with CCI (P < .05). Conclusion Characterized chondrocyte implantation for the treatment of articular cartilage defects of the femoral condyles of the knee results in significantly better clinical outcome at 36 months in a randomized trial compared with MF. Time to treatment and chondrocyte quality were shown to affect outcome.
An in vitro model of differentiation of memory B cells into plasmablasts and plasma cells including detailed phenotypic and molecular characterization
Authors: Jourdan Michel , Caraux Anouk , De Vos John , Fiol Geneviève , Larroque Marion , Cognot Chantal , Bret Caroline , Duperray Christophe , Hose Dirk , Klein Bernard 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
Human plasma cells (PCs) and their precursors play an essential role in humoral immune response but are rare and difficult to harvest. We report the generation of human syndecan-1+ and immunoglobulin secreting PCs starting from memory B cells in a 3-step and 10-day (D) culture, including a 6-fold cell amplification. We report the detailed phenotypic and Affymetrix gene expression profiles of these in vitro PCs as well as of intermediate cells (activated B cells and plasmablasts) compared with memory B cells and bone marrow PCs, which is accessible through an open web ATLAS (http://amazonia.transcriptome.eu/). We show this B cell–to-PC differentiation to involve IRF4 and AICDA expressions in D4 activated B cells, decrease of PAX5 and BCL6 expressions, and increase in PRDM1 and XBP1 expressions in D7 plasmablasts and D10 PCs. It involves down-regulation of genes controlled by Pax5 and induction of genes controlled by Blimp-1 and XBP1 (unfold protein response). The detailed phenotype of D10 PCs resembles that of peripheral blood PCs detected after immunization of healthy donors. This in vitro model will facilitate further studies in PC biology. It will likewise be helpful to study PC dyscrasias, including multiple myeloma.
Identification of microRNA expression patterns and definition of a microRNA/mRNA regulatory network in distinct molecular groups of multiple myeloma
Authors: Lionetti Marta , Biasiolo Marta , Agnelli Luca , Todoerti Katia , Mosca Laura , Fabris Sonia , Sales Gabriele , Deliliers Giorgio Lambertenghi , Bicciato Silvio , Lombardi Luigia , Bortoluzzi Stefania , Neri Antonino 
Published: October 2009

Abstract
To date, little evidence of miRNA expression/deregulation in multiple myeloma has been reported. To characterize miRNA in the context of the major multiple myeloma molecular types, we generated miRNA expression profiles of highly purified malignant plasma cells from 40 primary tumors. Furthermore, transcriptional profiles, available for all patients, were used to investigate the occurrence of miRNA/predicted target mRNA pair anticorrelations, and the miRNA and genome-wide DNA data were integrated in a subset of patients to evaluate the influence of allelic imbalances on miRNA expression. Differential miRNA expression patterns were identified, which were mainly associated with the major IGH translocations; particularly, t(4;14) patients showed specific overexpression of let-7e, miR-125a-5p, and miR-99b belonging to a cluster at 19q13.33. The occurrence of other lesions (ie, 1q gain, 13q and 17p deletions, and hyperdiploidy) was slightly characterized by specific miRNA signatures. Furthermore, the occurrence of several allelic imbalances or loss of heterozygosity was found significantly associated with the altered expression of miRNAs located in the involved regions, such as let-7b at 22q13.31 or miR-140-3p at 16q22. Finally, the integrative analysis based on computational target prediction and miRNA/mRNA profiling defined a network of putative functional miRNA-target regulatory relations supported by expression data.