bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Frage der Mengen‐ und Spurenelementversorgung der Schweine bei der Getreideschnellmast
Authors: Wöhlbier W. , Kirchgessner M. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungIn einem Schweinefutterungsversuch (8 Gruppen je 5 Tiere in Einzelmast) wurden verschiedene Mengen an Calcium (durchschnittlich 9 bis 19 g) und Phosphor (7 bis 10 g) pro Tier und Tag verabreicht. Das Calcium:Phosphorverhältnis änderte sich von 1,1:1 bis 2,3:1. Trotzdem im Versuch zwischen 2 Gruppen ein durchschnittlicher Gewichtsunterschied von beinahe 100 g je Tag auftritt, ist weder hinsichtlich der Gewichtszunahmen noch der Verwertung des Futters und der Nährstoffe je kg Lebend‐gewichtszunahme ein gesicherter Unterschied vorhanden. Daß die Zugabe des normalen Spurenelementsicherungszusatzes keinerlei Einfluß auf Gewichtszunahme und Futteraufnahme hatte, ist bei der Größe, den dieser Anteil in % an der Gesamtaufnahme ausmacht, auch kaum zu erwarten gewesen. Für praktische Verhältnisse wird die Frage nach dem günstigsten Ca:P‐Verhältnis dahingehend beantwortet, daß es zwischen 1,0 bis 2,0:1 schwanken kann. Eine Zugabe von Spurenelementen als Sicherungszusatz erwies sich für die Mischfuttermittel der Getreideschnellmast als überflüssig, da bei der Mischung von mehreren Komponenten eine ausreichende Spurenelementversorgung gesichert ist. Dies ergab sich an einer großen Anzahl von Spurenelementuntersuchungen von in der Schweinefutterung üblichen Handelsfuttermitteln.Die Forderung nach einem engeren Ca:P‐Verhaltnis bzw. einer Zn‐Zulage in Zusammenhang mit dem Auftreten der Parakeratose scheint für unsere Verhaltnisse nicht zuzutreffen. Nach amerikanischen Untersuchungen trat insbesondere bei einem hohen Ca‐Gehalt und 3,1 mg% Zn im Futter bei den Schweinen Parakeratose auf. Trotzden in unseren Versuchen nur 2,9 bis 3,1 mg% Zn im Futter enthalten war und wir den Ca‐Gehalt der Mineralstoffmischung sogar verdreifachten (bis auf 1 % Ca im Futter insgesamt), konnten wir keinerlei Anzeichen einer Erkrankung der Schweine an Parakeratose feststellen. Außerdem sind nach unseren Normen kaum so hohe Ca‐Gehalte im Futter vorhanden, wie eine Reihe von Mengenelement‐Untersuchungen von in der Schweinefutterung üblichen Handel sfuttermittel beweist, daft dadurch Parakeratose als Zn‐Mangel in Wechselwirkung mit einem hohen Ca‐Gehalt auftreten könnte.
Über den Einfluß der Lagerung und unterschiedlicher Heutrocknung auf den Carotingehalt des Rauhfutters
Authors: Stahl W. , Steger H. , Kasdorff K. , Püschel F. 
Published: August 2010

ZusammenfassungMit jeweils cinheitlich botanisch zusammengesetztem, aber auf unterschiedliche Art getrocknetem Gras (Rema‐Rosin, Hütten‐, Dreibock‐, Rollen‐ und Schrägwandreuter‐ sowie Bodentrocknung) wurden in den Jahren 1956 und 1957 die durch Werbung und bei späterer einheitlicher Lagerung eingetretenen Carotinverluste untersucht und die Ergebnisse diskutiert. Es wurde festgestellt, daß bei der künstlichen Trocknung die Carotinverluste bei weitem am geringsten sind und daß erst in großem Abstand die Reutertrocknungen folgen. Die Bodentrocknung schneidet am ungünstigsten ab. Weiterhin scheint die Art der Trocknung in obiger Reihenfolge auch einen Einfluß auf den laufenden Carotinschwund bei der weiteren Lagerung auszuüben.
The role of common iceplant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) in the deterioration of medic pastures
Authors: KLOOT P.M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe presence of residues of iceplant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) was found to significantly decrease the production of a volunteer annual pasture in subsequent years. Iceplant gathers salt from throughout the root zone of even a slightly saline soil and accumulates it in the aerial parts of the plant. Following senescence, rain leaches the salt onto the soil surface, which becomes so saline as to inhibit the growth of most competing species, and of iceplant itself. It is suggested that as the salt is leached from the top soil, iceplant can dominate by being able to establish at higher levels of soil salinity than potential competitors. The accumulation of salt in iceplant is not primarily a halophytic mechanism but a competitive strategy, allowing it to be a facultative halophyte.
Feeding ecology of Tasmanian bat assemblages
Authors: O'NEILL M. G. , TAYLOR R. J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe diets of seven of the eight species of insectivorous, vespertilionid bats found in Tasmania were studied in forest areas. The diet of the eighth species, Chalinolobus gouldii, was studied in riparian woodland surrounded by open pasture. Nyctophilus timoriensis was found to be a gleaner with most of its diet consisting of non‐volant insects. Five of the species (Eptesicus vulturnus, Eptesicus regulus, Eptesicus sagittula, Nyctophilus geoffroyi and Chalinolobus morio) fed opportunistically, their diets reflecting local and temporal variations in insect abundance and diversity. Lepidoptera made up most of the diet of these species. The largest species, Falsistrellus tasmaniensis, appeared to be a selective feeder, with Coleoptera being the most important item in its diet. Coleoptera also made up the bulk of the diet of C. gouldii, but caterpillars were also important. For the species studied in forest areas, there was a highly significant correlation between the mean sizes of the lepidopterans (r= 0.95) and coleopterans (r = 0.96) eaten and the size of the bat. For all bats larger than E. sagittula, the mean size of beetles eaten was smaller than the mean size of moths eaten. These results are in accord with expectations from optimal foraging theory.
Seasonal dynamics in the pyrrolizidine alkaloids of Heliotropium europaeum
Authors: O'DOWD DENNIS J. , EDGAR J. A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAn analysis of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) of the introduced annual weed, Heliotropium europaeum (Boraginaceae), at two sites in south‐eastern Australia showed that percentage PA in above‐ground parts of the weed differed significantly between sites and declined markedly through the season, from initial levels of >2.2% in the seedling stage to <0.5% prior to senescence. N‐oxide forms of PA predominated at both sites, averaging >95% of total alkaloid. Major PA constituents — europine, heliotrine, and lasiocarpine — varied significantly between sites and sampling dates but no marked seasonal trend was detected. Lasiocarpine and europine content varied reciprocally in the free base and N‐oxide forms, indicating that these compounds may be readily interconvertible. Correlation of rainfall and average number of leaves per plant with lasiocarpine and europine levels suggested that rainfall, either directly by altering the metabolism of existing leaves or indirectly through plant growth, initiated large short‐term shifts in PA composition of H. europaeum without corresponding changes in total PA concentration.At both sites, sheep consumed H. europaeum, reducing both plant density and biomass. Biomass differences between exclosure and access plots of H. europaeum were correlated with grazing intensity. Since heliotrine, lasiocarpine and europine differ markedly in their toxic properties, large shifts in their relative concentrations may have important consequences for these and other herbivores. Environmentally induced quality shifts in these secondary compounds may be as important as, or even override, changes in total quantity in causing PA toxicity to grazing animals.
Environmental correlates of vegetation patterns and species richness in the northern Grampians, Victoria
Authors: ENRIGHT N. J. , MILLER B. P. , CRAWFORD A. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Plant species cover‐abundance and density data were collected for 94 sample plots across a gradient from rocky uplands to sandy outwash plains in the northern part of Grampians (Gariwerd) National Park in western Victoria. Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was used to identify dominant gradients in species composition. A range of static (e.g. substrate type, soil depth, microclimate indicators) and dynamic (e.g. elapsed time since last fire) environmental variables were measured. Correlations were sought between these variables and vegetation patterns including those for richness (R) and Shannon‐Weiner diversity (H′).The dominant gradient of vegetation change identified by DCA separated rocky sites and sites near ephemeral streams, from well‐drained, sandy sites. Secondary gradients identified time since last fire as important for sandy sites, and altitude and aspect‐related microclimate for rocky sites. Diversity was highest in the first 2 years after fire but showed no further decline in older sites. Overall, R and H' were negatively correlated with soil nutrient concentrations. On sandy sites R was high, but was low on rocky sites and near streams. Within the rocky sites, R was highest on cool, moist south and east slopes, and lowest on hot, dry north and west slopes. Explanations of diversity patterns based on inhibition of competitive exclusion due to stress and recurrent disturbance best fit the results presented here.
Quantifying the canopy nectar resource and the impact of logging and climate in spotted gum Corymbia maculata forests
Authors: LAW B. S. , CHIDEL M. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNectar in tall forest canopies is a significant, but unquantified resource for Australian fauna. We investigated the impact of logging on nectar production in the canopy of spotted gum Corymbia maculata in southern New South Wales. In addition, we quantified the magnitude of canopy nectar production and how this varied with climate over 2 years. In 2005 flowers were bagged on large and small trees in replicate recently logged, regrowth and mature forest. Neither logging history nor tree size significantly affected overnight nectar production per flower, although there was a significant interaction. When nectar production was scaled up to the forest stand (incorporating flower and tree density) mature forest produced almost 10 times as much sugar per ha as recently logged forest, with regrowth being intermediate. Under current forest practices at the compartment scale, the difference between mature forest and recently logged forest was reduced to a factor of two times. One distinctive characteristic of C. maculata nectar in 2005 was its high sugar content (40–60%) compared with the concentrations measured in 2003 (∼18%). Nectar was only slightly depleted in unbagged flowers in 2005 when flowering was unusually extensive. We estimated that, on average, mature spotted gum forest produced a vast resource of nectar overnight: 35 000 Kj ha−1. Flowers measured in 2003 provided a strong contrast with only occasional stands of trees flowering, much less sugar per flower early in the morning and unmeasurable quantities by mid‐morning, indicating that nectar was limiting. Measurements at sites in 2003 indicated that regrowth sites could be more productive than mature forest; however, few sites were measured. We suggest that management should focus mitigations on poor flowering years when the nectar resource is limiting. Models of nectar production collated over both years, using climate and site variables, indicated nectar volumes and sugar concentration respond differently to environmental conditions. Predicting the nectar resource, which is made up of both components, was most consistently related to recent conditions that were unfavourable to foliage production.
Prosthesis related sepsis following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
Authors: Facek Michael , Receveur Imke , Darbar Archie , Richardson Andrea , Leibman Steven , Smith Garett 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is well‐recognized as a superior method to achieving durable weight loss in the medium term when compared with non‐surgical methods of weight loss. In this paper, we described the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients presenting with band or band‐adjustment reservoir sepsis from our series from a single institution.Methods:  We conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected clinical, anthropometric and biochemical data from patients who underwent LAGB placement over a five‐year period at a metropolitan teaching hospital. Those patients requiring surgical intervention for prosthesis‐related sepsis were included in the review.Results:  Of the 445 patients in this series, 10 (2.2%) developed prosthesis sepsis and required operative intervention. Three (0.7%) presented with reservoir sepsis requiring removal of the reservoir. One had band erosion identified and the entire prosthesis removed. In seven (1.5%) of the patients, infections occurred at the gastric band. Two patients presented with purulent peritonitis and underwent immediate band removal. The remainder presented with band abscesses and either had their band removed (three patients) or left in position and the sepsis treated with drainage and antibiotics (two patients).Conclusions:  In our current series, a small proportion of LAGB patients developed prosthesis‐related infection that typically required port or band removal and usually occurred early in the post‐operative course. We have modified our prophylactic antibiotic regime and surgical technique as a result of this review. In selected cases of band infection, bands were salvaged with subsequent acceptable weight loss, suggesting that LAGB salvage in the presence of sepsis may be achievable in some patients.
Changing work patterns for benign upper gastrointestinal and biliary disease: 1994–2007
Authors: Jay Alexander P. M. , Watson David I. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  The evolution of surgical technology has impacted on surgical practice. We determined trends in surgical caseload for common benign biliary and uppergastrointestinal conditions in Australia over the last 15 years.Methods:  Using the Medicare Australia web site, the use of Medicare item numbers specific to gall stone, bariatric and anti‐reflux procedures were determined nationally and for each Australian state for each year from 1994 to 2007. Rates of operative cholangiography, laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy conversion and bile duct exploration were calculated. Per capita use of bariatric procedures was also determined. Anti‐reflux surgery was analysed as total and specific subgroups of anti‐reflux procedures.Results:  The use of intra‐operative cholangiography has increased over time, and the conversion to open cholecystectomy and application of common bile duct exploration both decreased. A rapid increase in restrictive bariatric procedures has occurred, and this has been followed by a similar increase in revision bariatric surgery and lap band adjustments. The application of anti‐reflux surgery has also increased significantly with the repair of large hiatus hernia accounting for most of the increase over the last five years, whereas revision anti‐reflux surgery remains uncommon.Conclusions:  These data demonstrate significant increases in the application of some laparoscopic surgical techniques, particularly for morbid obesity. Future health‐care planning will need to consider the impact of these changes.
Surgical management of benign duodenal tumours*
Authors: Yan Ji‐Qi , Peng Cheng‐Hong , Yang Wei‐Ping , Ding Jia‐Zeng , Zhou Guang‐Wen , Ma Di , Li Hong‐Wei 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  While benign duodenal tumours are rare compared with malignant tumours, they comprise a wide variety of pathologies. Despite their diagnostic challenge, the optimal management of benign duodenal tumours remains undefined. We aimed to review the diagnosis and surgical treatment of benign duodenal tumours.Methods:  Records of all patients with post‐operative pathological diagnosis of benign duodenal tumour were retrieved. Information on clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, tumour locations, surgical approaches, pathological results and patient outcomes were analysed.Results:  The operative spectrum included local resection in 8 cases, segmental duodenectomy in 1 case, subtotal gastrectomy in 1 case, papilla resection with sphincteroplasty in 3 cases and pancreaticoduodenectomy in 5 cases. The post‐operative pathology results indicated 5 cases of adenoma, 2 cases of tubular adenoma, 2 cases of villous adenoma, 2 cases of tubulovillous adenoma, 2 cases of hamartoma and 1 case each of hamartomatous polyp, Brunner's adenoma, adenomyoma, fibromatosis and ectopic pancreas. Post‐operatively, one patient died of unrelated disease, one case was lost in follow‐up and the remaining patients survived recurrence‐free with a good quality of life.Conclusion:  The presentation of benign duodenal tumours is non‐specific, with upper abdominal discomfort and upper gastrointestinal bleeding as common symptoms. Surgical resection is the preferable therapeutic choice with satisfactory prognosis.
Nurses in the workplace: expectations and needs
Authors: DeCola P.R. , Riggins P. 
Published: August 2010

DECOLA P.R. & RIGGINS P. (2010) Nurses in the workplace: expectations and needs. International Nursing Review57, 335–342Background:  It is important to understand nurses' attitudes toward their work environment. Prior studies in this area have been conducted. The interest was to identify a relative assessment of workplace challenges by studying nurses within developed and developing economies.Method:  A representative survey of 2203 nurses in 11 countries was conducted via a structured survey. Data from open‐ended questions were content analysed and grouped thematically. The overall margin of error is ±2.1% and ±6.9% for country level results.Results:  Key findings included that 92% of nurses say they face time constraints and 96% say that spending more time with individual patients would have a significant impact on patient health. Forty‐six per cent of nurses say their workload is worse today than it was 5 years ago. While only 53% of nurses say it is very likely they will be practising nursing in 5 years, national differences existed. Statistically significant parameters influencing the likelihood to stay in nursing included having greater independence and control over their practice area, sufficient staff, greater involvement in decisions impacting their work and patient care, and improved work–life balance.Conclusions:  There is agreement across the surveyed countries regarding the existence of high workloads that are contributing to time constraints and the belief that patient outcomes are significantly impacted. These conditions contribute to nurses' lack of firm commitment to their profession. The systemic changes required to deliver quality health care to patients require these challenges to be addressed.
Environments for nursing scholarship and journal impact factor in five countries
Authors: Ketefian S. , Dai Y.‐T. , Hanucharurnkul S. , Mendes I.A.C. , Norman I.J. 
Published: August 2010

KETEFIAN S., DAI Y.‐T., HANUCHARURNKUL S., MENDES I.A.C. & NORMAN I.J. (2010) Environments for nursing scholarship and journal impact factor in five countries. International Nursing Review57, 343–351Background:  Universities worldwide are seeking objective measures for the assessment of their faculties' research products to evaluate them and to attain prestige. Despite concerns, the impact factors (IF) of journals where faculties publish have been adopted.Research objective:  The study aims to explore conditions created within five countries as a result of policies requiring or not requiring faculty to publish in high IF journals, and the extent to which these facilitated or hindered the development of nursing science.Design:  The design was a multiple case study of Brazil, Taiwan, Thailand (with IF policies, Group A), United Kingdom and the United States (no IF policies, Group B). Key informants from each country were identified to assist in subject recruitment.Methods:  A questionnaire was developed for data collection. The study was approved by a human subject review committee. Five faculty members of senior rank from each country participated. All communication occurred electronically.Findings:  Groups A and B countries differed on who used the policy and the purposes for which it was used. There were both similarities and differences across the five countries with respect to hurdles, scholar behaviour, publishing locally vs. internationally, views of their science, steps taken to internationalize their journals.Conclusions:  In group A countries, Taiwan seemed most successful in developing its scholarship. Group B countries have continued their scientific progress without such policies. IF policies were not necessary motivators of scholarship; factors such as qualified nurse scientists, the resource base in the country, may be critical factors in supporting science development.
Visual Support for Interactive Post‐Interventional Assessment of Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy
Authors: Rieder Christian , Weihusen Andreas , Schumann Christian , Zidowitz Stephan , Peitgen Heinz‐Otto 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPercutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a minimally invasive, image‐guided therapy for the treatment of liver tumors. The assessment of the ablation area (coagulation) is performed to verify the treatment success as an essential part of the therapy. Traditionally, pre‐ and post‐interventional CT images are used to visually compare the shape, size, and position of tumor and coagulation.In this work, we present a novel visualization as well as a navigation tool, the so‐called tumor map. The tumor map is a pseudo‐cylindrical mapping of the tumor surface onto a 2D image. It is used for a combined visualization of all ablation zones of the tumor to allow a reliable therapy assessment. Additionally, the tumor map serves as an interactive tool for intuitive navigation within the 3D volume rendering of the tumor vicinity as well as with familiar 2D viewers.
Evaluation of Cluster Identification Performance for Different PCP Variants
Authors: Holten Danny , Van Wijk Jarke J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractParallel coordinate plots (PCPs) are a well‐known visualization technique for viewing multivariate data. In the past, various visual modifications to PCPs have been proposed to facilitate tasks such as correlation and cluster identification, to reduce visual clutter, and to increase their information throughput. Most modifications pertain to the use of color and opacity, smooth curves, or the use of animation. Although many of these seem valid improvements, only few user studies have been performed to investigate this, especially with respect to cluster identification. We performed a user study to evaluate cluster identification performance – with respect to response time and correctness – of nine PCP variations, including standard PCPs. To generate the variations, we focused on covering existing techniques as well as possible while keeping testing feasible. This was done by adapting and merging techniques, which led to the following novel variations. The first is an effective way of embedding scatter plots into PCPs. The second is a technique for highlighting fuzzy clusters based on neighborhood density. The third is a spline‐based drawing technique to reduce ambiguity. The last is a pair of animation schemes for PCP rotation. We present an overview of the tested PCP variations and the results of our study. The most important result is that a fair number of the seemingly valid improvements, with the exception of scatter plots embedded into PCPs, do not result in significant performance gains.