bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil base saturation affects root growth of European beech seedlings§
Authors: Richter Anika K. , Hirano Yasuhiro , Luster Jörg , Frossard Emmanuel , Brunner Ivano 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTo assess the potential effects of Al toxicity on the roots of young European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), seeds were sown in soil monoliths taken from the Ah and B horizons of forest soils with very low base saturation (BS) and placed in the greenhouse. The Ah horizons offered a larger supply of exchangeable cation nutrients than the B horizons. After 8 weeks of growth under optimal moisture conditions, the seedlings were further grown for 14 d under drought conditions. Root‐growth dynamics were observed in rhizoboxes containing soils from the Ah and B horizons. The concentrations of Al3+, base cations, and nitrate in the soil solution and element concentrations in the root tissue were compared with above‐ and belowground growth parameters and root physiological parameters. There was no strong evidence that seedling roots suffered from high soil‐solution Al3+ concentrations. Within the tested range of BS (1.2%–6.5%) our results indicated that root physiological parameters such as O2 consumption decreased and callose concentration increased in soils with a BS < 3%. In contrast to the B horizons, seedlings in the Ah horizons had higher relative shoot‐growth rates, specific root lengths, and lengths and branching increments, but a lower root‐to‐shoot ratio and root‐branching frequency. In conclusion, these differences in growth patterns were most likely due to differences in nutrient availability and to the drought application and not attributable to differences in Al3+ concentrations in the soil solution.
Raman spectroscopic investigation of lanthana‐doped neodymium‐yttria transparent ceramics
Authors: Zhang Haojia , Yang Qiuhong , Zhang Bin , Lu Shenzhou 
Published: December 2010

AbstractTransparent ceramics of the formula (Nd0.01LaxY0.99−x)2O3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) were made with nanopowders and sintered in H2 atmosphere. The Raman spectra of Ln2O3 (Ln = Y, La, Nd) powders and (Nd0.01LaxY0.99−x)2O3 ceramics were investigated. The results show that both La2O3 and Nd2O3 powders are of hexagonal structure, and all (Nd0.01LaxY0.99−x)2O3 ceramics exhibit the same cubic Y2O3 crystal structure. Their lattice parameters were refined by the Rietveld method. The full‐widths at half‐maximum of Raman peaks increase with the increase in La2O3 content in transparent (Nd0.01Y0.99)2O3 ceramics, while their intensities decrease. At the same time, All Raman peaks shift to lower wavenumbers, and the phonon energy is slightly reduced. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CD40‐CD154 interaction would correlate with proliferation and immune escape in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shoji Yasuhito , Miyamoto Masaki , Ishikawa Keidai , Yoshioka Tatsuya , Mishra Roshan , Ichinokawa Kazuomi , Matsumura Yoshiyuki , Itoh Tomoo , Shinohara Toshiya , Hirano Satoshi , Kondo Satoshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackgroundCD40 and CD154 are associated with lymphocyte signaling pathways and they are also expressed in some malignant neoplasms, but the significance in pancreatic cancer is unknown.MethodsEighty pancreatic cancer specimens were stained immunohistochemically, and the results were correlated with the patients' clinicopathologic features. Subsequently, in vitro analysis of CD40‐CD154 signaling was performed.ResultImmunohistochemical analysis of tumor cells showed that 29 patients (36.3%) were positive for CD40, and 17 patients (21.3%) had very high CD154 expression. The survival of patients who had very high CD154 expression was significantly better than that of others (P = 0.0198). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that very high CD154 expression in cancer cells was not an independent, favorable prognostic factor (risk ratio, 0.493; P = 0.0224). On in vitro proliferation assay, the growth of PK‐45P and KP‐4 cells was blocked by CD40 and CD154 blocking antibodies. Moreover, on in vitro cytokine assay, Th‐2 cytokines from PK‐45P and SUIT‐2 were blocked by CD40 or CD154 blocking antibody.ConclusionThese results suggest that the CD40–CD154 interaction would correlate with cell proliferation and secretion of cytokines in PDAC cells, and CD154 overexpression could be a favorable prognostic factor in PDAC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 103:230–238. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes as efficient adsorbent for solid‐phase extraction of chemical warfare agents and related chemicals from water
Authors: Kanaujia Pankaj K. , Purohit Ajay , Pardasani Deepak , Tak Vijay , Dubey D. K. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOptimization of extraction and enrichment parameters of chemical warfare agents and their related chemicals from water are presented using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as solid‐phase extractant. Selected analytes were O,O'‐dialkyl alkylphosphonates, nerve agent and mustards. Extraction parameters, including sample volume, nature and volume of washing and eluting solvent, were optimized. Recoveries of analytes were determined by GC–MS and ranged from 81 to 104%. A comparison with C18, hydrophilic–lipophilic balance and active carbon sorbents demonstrated the superiority of MWCNTs for non‐toxic analogues of nerve agents. Optimized conditions involve 40 mg MWCNTs as the sorbent, 5.0 mL water as the washing solvent, 3 mL ethyl acetate as the eluent and sample loading of 10 mL water spiked at 0.1 μg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) were achieved down to 1 and 0.05 ng/mL in full scan and selected ion‐monitoring modes, respectively.
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection for the determination of N‐methyl carbamate pesticides in vegetables
Authors: Lin Xiangyun , Chen Xiaohui , Huo Xin , Yu Zhiguo , Bi Kaishun , Li Qing 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThis paper described a simple, rapid and efficient method for the determination of N‐methyl carbamate pesticides in tomato, cucumber, carrot and lettuce samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC‐diode array detection. Some experimental parameters that influenced the extraction efficiency, such as types and volumes of extraction and disperser solvents, extraction time and salt effect were examined and optimized. Under optimum conditions, the LOD of the method were 0.5–3.0μg/kg depending on the compounds and the kind of vegetables. The linearities of the method were obtained in the range of 10.0–300 μg/kg for aldicarb, MTMC, carbofuran and carbaryl, and 20.0–600 μg/kg for isoprocarb, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9921 to 0.9993. The RSD varied from 2.9 to 7.5% (n=5). The recoveries of the method for the five carbamates from vegetable samples at two different spiking levels were ranged from 77.8 to 98.2%. Results showed that the method we proposed can meet the requirements for the determination of N‐methyl carbamate in vegetable samples and was finally applied to the analysis of target pesticides in vegetable samples taken from local markets.
Prevalence of exposure to potentially traumatic events in a healthy birth cohort of very young children in the northeastern United States
Authors: Briggs‐Gowan Margaret J. , Ford Julian D. , Fraleigh Lisa , McCarthy Kimberly , Carter Alice S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPrevalence estimates of very young children's exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) are limited. The study objective was to estimate the lifetime prevalence and correlates of noninterpersonal PTEs and violence exposure in a representative healthy birth cohort (ages 1–3 years) from an urban–suburban region of the United States (37.8% minority, 20.2% poverty). Parents completed 2 surveys approximately 1‐year apart. By 24–48 months of age, the prevalence of exposure was 26.3% (14.5% noninterpersonal, 13.8% violence). Exposure was common among children living in poverty (49.0% overall, 19.7% noninterpersonal, 33.7% violence). The most consistent factors associated with exposure were poverty, parental depressive symptoms, and single parenting. Findings underscore the potential for prevention and intervention in early childhood to advance public health and reduce morbidity.
Electrically Conductive Polymeric Materials with High Stretchability and Excellent Elasticity by a Surface Coating Method
Authors: Li Yongjin , Zhao Liping , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: December 2010

AbstractElectrically conductive polymer films with high stretchability and excellent elasticity were simply fabricated by coating a conductive layer on the surface of an elastomer film. The material used for the conductive layer was a high‐shear processed poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] triblock copolymer (SEBS)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite with 20 wt.‐% MWCNTs loading. The nanocomposites were first dissolved in toluene to form a stable solution and then were coated onto the SEBS film by spin coating. The alignment of MWCNTs in the coated layer and the interface between the base film and the coated layer were investigated. It was found that almost all the MWCNTs are aligned parallel to the base film and that there is good adhesion between the two layers. The fabricated films show high electrical conductivity and almost same stretchability and elasticity as the base film. Moreover, the films exhibit extremely high electrical conductive retention after applying high strain. magnified image
Composites of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and Mo6S3I6 Nanowires
Authors: Chin Seow Jecg , Hornsby Peter , Vengust Damjan , Mihailović Dragan , Mitra J. , Dawson Paul , McNally Tony 
Published: December 2010

AbstractComposites of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and molybdenum sulfur iodine (MoSI) nanowires were prepared using twin‐screw extrusion. Extensive microscopic examination of the composites revealed the nanowires were well dispersed in the PCL matrix, although bundles of Mo6S3I6 ropes were evident at higher loadings. Secondary electron imaging (SEI) showed the nanowires had formed an extensive network throughout the PCL matrix, resulting in increased electrical conductivity of PCL, by eight orders of magnitude, and an electrical percolation threshold of 6.5 × 10−3 vol%. Thermal analysis (DSC), WAXD, and hot stage polarized optical microscopy (HSPOM) experiments revealed Mo6S3I6 addition altered PCL crystallization kinetics, nucleation density, and crystalline content. A greater number of smaller spherulites were formed via heterogeneous nucleation. The onset of thermal decomposition (TGA) of PCL decreased by 70°C, a consequence of the thermal degradation of Mo6S3I6 to MoO3, which in turn accelerates the formation of volatile gases during the first stage of PCL decomposition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kelly Caitlin , Salvi Sharad , McClain Kenneth , Hayani Ammar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe report a case of a child with precursor‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who experienced refractory thrombocytopenia and massive splenomegaly during standard induction chemotherapy. He was diagnosed with hemophatocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) during induction. Clinical and laboratory evaluation showed no evidence of infectious cause to HLH. Pancytopenia and HLH persisted after consolidation therapy even with remission from leukemia. After failure to control HLH with ALL‐directed therapy and HLH‐directed therapy, the patient underwent unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 8 months after diagnosis. He is 34 months post‐transplant and in remission from leukemia and HLH. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011;56:658–660. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combustion properties and transference behavior of ultrafine microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate in ramie fabric‐reinforced poly(L‐lactic acid) biocomposites
Authors: Chen Dakai , Li Jing , Ren Jie 
Published: December 2010

AbstractFlame‐retardant biocomposites have attracted much attention in past decades. They can provide many advantages, such as total biodegradability and their abundant renewable sources. In the work reported, biocomposites based on poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA), ramie fabric (FAB) and microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MCAPP) were synthesized via hot press molding using the powder‐stacking procedure. The effects of transference behavior of the flame retardant on sustaining flame retardancy of the biocomposites were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the improved flame retardancy is due to an increased char residue at high temperature. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction data were used to investigate the hydrolysis reaction and transference behavior of ammonium polyphosphate in the biocomposites. UL‐94 testing and limiting oxygen index measurements show that the PLLA/FAB/MCAPP biocomposites retain their flame retardancy even after 21 days in UV‐irradiation hydrothermal aging tests. The good sustained flame retardancy of the PLLA/FAB/MCAPP biocomposites is attributed to the docking interactions and good distribution of MCAPP in the biocomposites. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel high‐contrast ratio electrochromic material from spiro[cyclododecane‐1,9′‐fluorene]bicarbazole
Authors: Usluer Ozlem , Koyuncu Sermet , Demic Serafettin , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA novel electroactive spirocyclododecylfluorene monomer named 2,7‐bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐9,9′‐spiro[cyclododecane‐1,9′‐fluorene] (SFC) was synthesized and electrochemically polymerized to give a very stable multi‐electrochromic polymer (poly‐SFC). Two separate oxidation processes were observed for both SFC monomer and poly‐SFC that carries two carbazole units. The polymeric film of poly‐SFC was coated onto ITO/glass surface, and it shows different colors (transparent, yellowish green, green, and dark green) upon stepwise oxidations. An electrochromic device based on poly‐SFC was assembled in the sandwich cell configuration of ITO/poly‐SFC//gel electrolyte//PEDOT/ITO. Poly‐SFC exhibits 90% of transparency at neutral state and a high contrast ratio (ΔT = 58% at 800 nm). This device constructed from it represents a response time of about 1 s, high coloration efficiency (1377 cm2 C–1) and retained its performance by 96.4% even after 1000 cycles. Exhibiting high transparency at neutral state, reversible redox behavior, resistance to overoxidation, and especially high contrast ratio at near IR region can make poly‐SFC be useful and promising candidate for electrochromic applications despite having a relatively slow response time. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2010
Distress trajectories at the first year diagnosis of breast cancer in relation to 6 years survivorship
Authors: Lam Wendy W. T. , Shing Yee Ting , Bonanno George A. , Mancini Anthony D. , Fielding Richard 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPurpose: To explore how initial trajectories of distress experienced during the first year following diagnosis with early‐stage breast cancer (ESBC) relate to subsequent long‐term (6 years) psychosocial outcomes.Methods: 285/303 Chinese women recruited 1‐week post‐surgery for predominantly ESBC were assessed for distress with the Chinese Health Questionnaire at 1, 4, and 8 months later. Latent growth mixture modeling revealed four distinct distress trajectories during the first 8 months following surgery (Lam et al., 2010). Six years later we reassessed 186 of these 285 women, comparing scores on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Impact of Events Scale, and Chinese Social Adjustment Scale by first 8 months' distress trajectory.Results: Distress trajectories over the first 8 months post‐operatively predicted psychosocial outcomes 6 years later. Women with stable low levels of distress over the first 8 months post‐operatively (resilient group) had the best 6‐year psychosocial outcomes. Women who experienced chronic distress had significantly greater longer‐term psychological distress, cancer‐related distress, and poorer social adjustment in comparison to women in the resilient group. Women in the recovered or delayed‐recovery groups were comparable to those in the resilient group, except for concerns about appearance and sexuality, and self‐image.Conclusion: Women with an illness trajectory characterized by chronic distress over the first 8 months post‐operatively had poorest longer‐term psychosocial outcomes. Clarification of determinants of chronic distress and means for early identification of at‐risk women are needed. This will enable targeted optimization of interventions to prevent and manage chronic distress, improving ESBC rehabilitation efficiency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo characterization of renal auto‐antigens involved in human auto‐immune diseases: The case of membranous glomerulonephritis
Authors: Murtas Corrado , Bruschi Maurizio , Carnevali Maria Luisa , Petretto Andrea , Corradini Emilia , Prunotto Marco , Candiano Giovanni , degl'Innocenti Maria Ludovica , Ghiggeri Gian Marco , Allegri Landino 
Published: December 2010

AbstractRenal auto‐immune diseases represent a major source of morbidity in humans. For many years the knowledge on mechanisms of auto‐immunity involving the kidney has been uniquely based on animal models. However, these findings often could not be readily translated to humans owing to notably difference in antigen expression by human podocytes. One example is Heymann nephritis (HN), the experimental model of human membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN), which is obtained in rats by injecting antibodies against megalin, a protein that is not present in human glomeruli. Human studies could not be done in the past since sequencing required too much material exceeding what obtainable from tissue biopsies in vivo. Research is now on the way to identify auto‐antigens and isolate specific auto‐antibodies in humans. New technology developments based on tissue microdissection and proteomical analysis have facilitated the recent discoveries, allowing direct analysis of human tissue in vivo. Major advances on the pathogenesis of MGN, the prototype for the formation and glomerular deposition of auto‐antibodies, are now in progress. Two independent groups have, in fact, demonstrated the existence of specific IgG4 against phospholipase A2 receptor, aldose reductase and Mn‐superoxide dismutase in glomerular eluates and in plasma of a prominent part of patients with MGN, suggesting a major role of these proteins as auto‐antigens in human MGN. This review will focalize these aspects outlining the contribution of proteomics in most recent developments.
Ulrich Gösele
Authors: Föll Helmut 
Published: December 2010

AbstractProf. Dr. Ulrich M. Gösele died unexpectedly and far too early in November 2009. He was invited to present a key paper to the PSST 2010, his untimely death deprived us of that pleasure. At the time of his death Prof. Ulrich Gösele was the director of a very large research department at the Max‐Planck‐Institute for Microstructure Physics in Halle, Germany. He was an outstanding scientist with a distinguished record in many fields, including porous semi‐conductor science and technology. In this contribution a personal account of his life is given, based not only on scientific collaboration but also on a longstanding friend‐ship. He will be remembered not only for his outstanding contributions to science but also as a reliable and witty friend and a highly motivating mentor.magnified image
Prof. Dr. Ulrich M. GöseleJan. 26th 1949–Nov. 8th 2009
X‐ray in situ observation of oxygen precipitation in silicon confirmed with ex situ detection methods
Authors: Grillenberger Hannes , Knerer Dieter , Magerl Andreas 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA focusing Laue diffractometer is used to analyze the strain field in silicon. The source for this so called strain field diffraction (SFD) setup is a high energy X‐ray tube. In the present work this setup is used to monitor the strain generated by growing oxygen precipitates (Bulk Micro Defects, BMDs) in situ at temperatures up to 1000 °C. By choosing appropriate thermal treatments a correlation of the SFD signal with BMD parameters gained with conventional analytic techniques (FT‐IR, infra red light scattering, TEM) is established. From this, the detection limit of the SFD setup for BMDs is determined at a diameter of 7 nm and a density of 1013 cm−3. This range is only covered by TEM so far. Further, the diffracted intensity provides a measure for the level of precipitation occurred.
Continuum simulation of solid phase epitaxial regrowth of amorphized silicon including most advanced physical interactions
Authors: Delalleau Julien , Pakfar Ardechir , Bazizi El‐Medhi , Simola Roberto , Tavernier Clement 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSolid‐phase‐epitaxial regrowth (SPER) of Si amorphized by ion implantation is considered as a potential solution for the fabrication of highly‐activated ultra‐shallow junctions for future technology nodes of Si CMOS devices. In the frame of 32 and 22 nm technologies node development, SPER occurs after amorphizing implantations used in source/drain regions. To get an accurate simulation of dopant activation and junction depth position, a suitable continuum SPER model, implemented into a commercial simulator, is now mandatory. This TCAD model must consider the different physical effects associated with SPER: silicon regrowth rate, dopants redistribution snow plough effect, and interaction with silicon point defects. In this work, using a previously established model, we have implemented an improved physically based model for SPER and, several formulations have been developed to enable a robust/accurate modeling of the recrystallization velocity. It takes into account the direct interaction between amorphous/crystalline interface kinetics and point defects, and a regrowth rate dependent on temperature. Simulation results of dopant concentration profiles are in good agreement with experimental data and can provide important insight for optimizing the bulk silicon process as well in one dimension as two dimensions.
A stripe with a local gate potential: An efficient magnetometer?
Authors: Louis E. , Chiappe G. , Vergés J. A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractShort range impurities are known to produce dips or peaks in the magnetoconductance of a two‐dimensional electron gas. Using a tight‐binding model, we show that the width of those dips can be easily controlled in a system formed by a stripe and a local gate potential.This opens the possibility of using such a system as an efficient magnetometer capable of measuring tiny changes in the magnetic field, and of tuning sensitivity and measuring range by changing the gate potential.
Correlation of barrier material and quantum‐well number for InGaN/(In)GaN blue light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Chang Jih‐Yuan , Kuo Yen‐Kuang , Tsai Miao‐Chan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractOptical properties of the InGaN/(In)GaN light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with varied barrier materials and quantum‐well (QW) numbers are studied numerically. The simulation results show that, for the LEDs with GaN barriers, the single quantum‐well (SQW) structure has the best optical performance. However, for the LEDs with InGaN barriers, the 5‐QW structure has less serious efficiency droop and higher output power at high current than the SQW one, which makes it a better structure for high‐power LEDs. The physical mechanisms of the aforementioned phenomena can be well explained by uniformity of carrier distribution, band‐filling effect, and overlap between the electron and hole wavefunctions.