bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardization in AYUSH systems: Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) perspectives
Authors: Dua Pradeep Kumar , Naik Raghvendra , Jain Snehlata 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the National Standard Body of India, responsible for the development of Indian standards for products, processes, and services related to all consumer goods. BIS formulates standards in line with the national priorities for various sectors. Recently, BIS has created a dedicated department of standardization in the Ayush systems. Prior to this, the activity of standards formulation related to Ayush systems was being undertaken across several departments like Food and Agriculture Department (FAD), Medical Equipment and Hospital Planning Department (MHD), and the Service Sector Department (SSD) in the BIS. Total 28 standards related to different topics like single herbs (17), Ayurveda and Yoga terminologies (6), Panchakarma equipment (2), Cotton Yoga Mat (01), Yoga centre-service requirements (01), and test methods for pesticide residue in herbs used as ingredients in traditional medicines (01) have already been published under these departments. Thirty (30) documents related to Indian Standards for herbs used in Ayush systems are under publication and thirty-three (33) have recently completed the wide circulation stage. A document on specification for Stainless Steel Neti Pot is also under publication, whereas preliminary draft Indian standards for Vastra dhouti and Sutra neti are in the process of being formulated. Inclusion of ‘Ayush’ in a modified adoption of an ISO standard on ‘Medical Tourism’ by the BIS, is also poised to boost the Medical Value Tourism related to Ayush sector A proposal from India for creation of dedicated Technical Committee (TC) on “Ayush systems” in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is under consideration for re-submission to the ISO. Three (03) proposals from India in the field of Ayurveda informatics are accepted for formulation of international deliverables in the Working Group 10 – “Traditional Medicine” under the ISO TC 215 – “Health Informatics”. Formulation of Indian Standards as well as ISO deliverables is aimed at making available safe and effective Ayush interventions at the global market. This will not only augment the global visibility of Ayush systems but will also boost the international trade in this ‘Sunrise Sector’.
Use of Ayush measures and advocacies by Ayush practitioners and health seekers for the prevention of coronavirus disease-19: Cross-sectional analysis of an application-based data
Authors: Srikanth Narayanam , Rana Rakesh Kumar , Jameela Sophia , Singhal Richa , Tripathi Arunabh , Khanduri Shruti , Rao Bhogavalli Chandrasekhara , Chhatre Leena , Singh Rajeshwari , Goel Sumeet , Chiluveri Ashwin Chandra , Ota Sarda , Sharma Madan Mohan , Yadav Babita , Singh Renu , Thrigulla Saketh Ram , Londhe Deepak Jagannath , Dhiman Kartar Singh 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Ayush Sanjivani is a mobile application launched by the Ministry of Ayush to gather information regarding the acceptability and extent of utilization of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Sowa-Rigpa, and Homoeopathy (Ayush) advocacies for the prevention of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The mobile application has different modules to garner the desired information regarding the trends of use of Ayush measures by the Indian public and practitioners.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to determine the trends of the utilization of Ayush measures by the beneficiaries for the prevention of COVID-19 and to determine the benefit obtained in terms of self-reported parameters of general well-being, the overall impact on general health, and in preventing the onset of flu or COVID-19 like symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, muscle or body aches, cough, sore throat, and runny nose.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was undertaken to analyze the data generated through the “Ayush Sanjivani mobile application” from May to July 2020. The responses generated in terms of demographic profile, utilization pattern, benefits obtained, the interventions used, and the data of beneficiaries in terms of geographic location and the interventions prescribed were analyzed statistically to assess the trends of the utilization of Ayush measures for prophylaxis as reported by the Ayush practitioners.

Results:
Data of 74,568 Ayush physicians and 13,521,245 beneficiaries/health seekers were used for the analysis. Ayush advocacies/measures were utilized by 69,195 (92.8%) physicians for prophylaxis. Samshamani vati, Chyavanprasha, and Arsenicum album-30C were the most commonly used Ayush interventions. Improvement in terms of appetite, bowel movements, sleep, mental well-being, stamina, preexisting disease, and disposition was reported by 42,400 (61.3%) physicians. Maximum beneficiaries were from the state of Gujarat followed by Madhya Pradesh. Arsenicum album 30°C was the most commonly prescribed/distributed intervention among the beneficiaries/health seekers.

Conclusion:
Maximum physicians reported utilization of Ayush prophylactic measures for the prevention of COVID-19. A large number of health seekers were provided Ayush prophylactic measures across various geographical locations in India.
Qualitative phytochemical characterization and free radical scavenging activity of Talapotaka churna
Authors: Nille Guruprasad C. , Mishra Shardendu Kumar , Reddy K. R. C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants play a crucial role in treating various ailments. Talapotaka churna, a polyherbal formulation, is reported in Ayurveda for its therapeutic excellence. Although clinical and animal experimental studies are available, no work has yet been reported on the preliminary phytochemical and analytical profile of Talapotaka churna.

Aim:
To report the preliminary phytochemical, analytical profile, and antioxidative potential of Talapotaka churna.

Materials and Methods:

Talapotaka churna was prepared by following standard methods of preparations. Its organoleptic, physicochemical evaluation, thin-layer chromatography, phytochemical screening, and antioxidative activity have been evaluated following the available guidelines.

Results:
Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of Talapotaka churna showed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, glycosides, and saponins. The presence of polyphenolic compounds attributes to the antioxidant properties of Talapotaka churna.

Conclusion:
The antioxidant phytochemicals confirmed by the chromatographic characterization of Talapotaka churna support its therapeutic potential. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanistic pathways of phytochemicals of Talapotaka churna to establish the therapeutic implication in diabetes mellitus.
Preliminary analytical study of Bhallatakadi kshara (herbomineral preparation)
Authors: Jawanjal Pravin M. , Bedarkar Prashant B. , Patgiri Biswa Jyoti , Savrikar Shriram S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Bhallatakadi kshara is described in Charaka samhita Grahani chikista adhyaya. Bhallatakadi kshara consists of ten ingredients and is indicated in Hridaroga, (~disease of heart), Pandu (~pallor/anemia), Grahanidosha (~diseases due to malfunctioning of gastrointestinal tract dealing with digestion), Gulma (~a type of lump), Udavarta (~upward movement of Vayu with retention of stool and urine), and Shula (colicky pain in the abdomen).

Objective:
The objective of the study is to develop analytical standards for Bhallatakadi kshara by preparing and testing three different batches using the same method of preparation.

Materials and Methods:

Bhallatakadi kshara is prepared by putapaka (~heating of herbomineral preparation covered in various substances at a desired temperature) method. It is subjected to physicochemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDAX), and Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (WD-XRF).

Results:
In the WD-XRF study, major contents are Cl (76.929%) and Na (16.952%), and minor are (K 2.0%), S (1.693%), Ca (0.581%), Si (0.543%), P (0.288%), Mg (0.353%), and Fe (0.213%).

Conclusion:
By using the same method of preparation, the three different batches of Bhallatakadi kshara were showing particle size and other parameters very close to each other. The average particle size of Bhallatakadi kshara is found to be 33.67 mm (volumetric median diameter) and 9.01 mm (Sauter mean diameter) and contains activated carbon and other elements such as Cl, Na, K, and Mg.
Ayurveda compound formulations “Panchatikta ghrita” and “Gandhakadya malahara” in the management of Vicharchika (atopic eczema): A prospective open-label clinical trial
Authors: Avhad Anil D. , Sharma Bhagwan Sahay , Paikrao Sumedh N. , Mahajon Bidhan , Khanduri Shruti , Tripathi Arunabha , Rana Rakesh , Singhal Richa , Kale Kiran V. , Rao B.C.S , Srikanth Narayanam 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Eczema or atopic dermatitis is one of the significant public health concerns worldwide. Its prevalence is estimated to be 15–20% in children and 1–3% in adults. Moreover, the incidence of eczema has increased by 2–3-folds during the past decades in industrialized countries. The condition can considerably impact the quality of life of the affected individual by causing physical discomfort, emotional distress, sleep disturbance, and restriction of domestic and social activities.

Objectives:
The present study was intended to assess the efficacy of Panchatikta Ghrita (PTG) as Shamana sneha (~internal medication for unctuous therapy) and the external application of Gandhakadya Malahara (GKM) in Vicharchika vis-à-vis eczema.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective open-label clinical trial was conducted in 101 participants of aged between 18 and 60 years with atopic eczema. PTG was given a dose of 10 gm twice daily before food with lukewarm water. GKM was advised for external application twice a day for 12 weeks. The participants were assessed based on cardinal symptoms, Eczema Area and Severity Index scores (EASI), Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire scores.

Results:
The symptoms such as itching, popular eruption, hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and exudation gradually decreased and showed a significant improvement at the end of the study. The EASI, POEM, and DLQI showed statistically significant improvement.

Conclusion:
Ayurveda compound formulations, PTG and GKM, were found clinically safe and effective in the management of Vicharchika (atopic eczema).
Preparation and preliminary physicochemical profile of Kaphaketu rasa
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Kumar Sanjay , Vaidya Meghna , Choudhary Anita , Prajapat Shyama 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Kaphaketu Rasa (KKR) is a classical herbomineral formulation mentioned for the treatment of deranged Kapha (~Dosha responsible for regulating body fluids and keeping the body constituents cohesive). It is made-up of Shuddha tankana (processed Borax), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Shankha bhasma (incinerated conch shell), Shuddha vatsanabha (Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex Holmes). Though, an important formulation, no published data is available till date. Herein, an attempt has been made to develop the preliminary profiles by following standard methods.

Materials and Methods:
KKR was manufactured by following the methods mentioned at Ayurvedic Formulary of India. The individual ingredients were processed and mixed thoroughly, levigated with the juice of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc). The preliminary analytical profile was developed by following the standard methods mentioned in respective volumes of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.

Results:
About 41.9% increase in the yield was noticed in the manufacturing of KKR. The High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography profile of KKR revealed eight bands at 254 nm. X-ray diffraction showed calcite (CaCO3) as a major compound with an amorphous shape and structure. Inductive coupled plasmaoptical emission spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of mercury (1.05 mg/kg), lead (2.17 mg/kg), arsenic (3.43 mg/kg), calcium (9549.75 mg/kg), and cadmium (0.03 mg/kg).

Conclusion:
The preliminary profile developed can be considered as baseline data for future studies.
Experimental evidence to the untapped potential of Ayurvedic herb, Ashwagandha: Bench-to-Bedside
Authors: Wadhwa Renu , Kaul Sunil C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The last century has witnessed a major transition in every aspect of human life. Advancement in science and technologies, health, agriculture and medical sectors have tremendously improved food and living standards. A significant surge in human life expectancy has resulted in an increase in aging society triggering alters in global population demographics, social, and health-care supporting systems. Industrialization of lifestyle with excessive use of chemicals has sparked another negative feedback loop, threatening quality of life (QOL), and increasing sense of stress and anxiety. Together, these scenarios have posed new challenges to manage age- and stress-related ailments and maintain good QOL. Traditional home medicine systems, in contrast to use of chemicals/drugs, depending on the use of natural resources/ways to boost our built-in defense mechanisms. Ayurveda (Ayu means life and Veda means knowledge) is the world’s oldest home medicine system of Indian origin that continues to be a living tradition with a history of about ~5000 years. Ayurvedic medicine, with its deeply trusted concept of holistic approach, is based on maintaining the harmonious balance of different life-elements to treat/prevent diseases. Ayurvedic system involves the use of variety of herbs/plants, yoga, and relaxation techniques. Among a large number of plants described to enhance QOL in Ayurveda, Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) categorized as Rasayana (a rejuvenating herb) is also appraised as “Queen of Ayurveda”. In this review, we discuss the experimental evidence of the therapeutic activities of Ashwagandha and its untapped potential for the treatment of stress, brain ailments, cancer and COVID-19.
Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan Treatment on Left Ventricular Myocardial Torsion Mechanics in Patients with Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Elshafey Wassam Eldin Hadad , Al Khoufi Emad Ali , Elmelegy Ehab Kamal 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is calculated from volumetric change without representing true myocardial properties. Strain echocardiography has been used to objectively measure myocardial deformation. Myocardial strain can give accurate information about intrinsic myocardial function, and it can be used to detect early-stage cardiovascular diseases, monitor myocardial changes with specific therapies, differentiate cardiomyopathies, and predict the prognosis of several cardiovascular diseases. Sacubitril/valsartan has been shown to improve mortality and reduce hospitalizations in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The effect of sacubitril/valsartan angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) on left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and torsion dynamics in HFrEF patients has not been previously described.

Methods:
The study involved 73 patients with HFrEF, for all patients Full history was taken, full clinical examination was done. Baseline vital signs, ECG, NYHA classification, conventional echocardiography and STE were done at baseline study and after 6 and 11 months. Basal and apical LV short-axis images were acquired for further off-line analysis. Using commercially available two-dimensional strain software, apical, basal rotation, and LV torsion were calculated.

Results:
ARNI group of patients showed improvement of symptoms, LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS)% and diastolic parameters including, E/A, E/e', TV, untwist onset and rate after 6 months of therapy in comparison to the traditionally treated patients. The improvement continued for 11 months with in additional significant improvement of systolic parameters in the form of LVGLS%, EF%, Twist, Apical and basal rotations, main dependent parameters for improvement of EF% was LVGLS% and Apical rotation.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that therapy with sacubitril/valsartan in HFrEF patients could create a state of gradual and chronic LV deloading which cause relieving of myocardial wall tensions and decreasing the LV end diastolic pressure this state could cause cardiac reverse remodeling and reestablishment of starling forces proprieties of LV myocardium, which lead to increase of LV EF.
Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Diastolic Function in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Aggarwal Puneet , Sinha Santosh Kumar , Marwah Rishabh , Nath Ranjit Kumar , Pandit Bhagya Narayan , Singh Ajay Pratap 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction is often present in patients with significant coronary artery disease (CAD), even in the absence of regional or global LV systolic dysfunction. It has been suggested that abnormalities in LV diastolic function may actually precede LV systolic dysfunction, and therefore, serve as an early and sensitive marker of ischemia. This study aims to find improvement of diastolic function after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable or unstable angina.

Methods:
In this single-center hospital-based study, we enrolled 309 patients with either stable or unstable CAD and with normal systolic function who underwent successful PCI. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography was performed at baseline (before PCI) and repeated 48 h after PCI. LV diastolic parameters were compared before and after PCI using paired samples t-test results.

Results:
Mean age of study population was 56.65 ± 9.65 years. Majority of patients were male (63%). There was significant increase in mitral E-wave velocity (68.39 ± 17.52 cm/s vs. 71.64 ± 18.23 cm/s), E/A ratio (0.85 ± 0.29 vs. 0.89 ± 0.32), and early diastolic mitral annular motion (e') (7.02 ± 0.89 cm/s vs. 8.45 ± 0.86 cm/s) following PCI (P < 0.0001). Left atrial volume index (22.53 ± 4.43 vs. 20.81 ± 4.14), tricuspid jet velocity (0.91 ± 0.57 m/s vs. 0.76 ± 0.67 m/s), and E/e' ratio (10.03 ± 3.5 vs. 8.62 ± 2.61) decreased significantly following PCI (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that LV diastolic filling pattern is modified significantly as early as 48 h after successful PCI. Improvement in impaired relaxation appears to be most likely explanation for these changes. PCI may be potential therapeutic target to improve diastolic function in patients with CAD.
Prognostic Value of Modified Haller Index in Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease Referred for Exercise Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Sonaglioni Andrea , Rigamonti Elisabetta , Nicolosi Gian Luigi , Lombardo Michele 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The influence of chest conformation on outcome of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) is actually unknown.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included all consecutive patients who underwent exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) for suspected CAD at our institution between February 2011 and September 2019. Modified Haller index (MHI; chest transverse diameter over the distance between sternum and spine) was assessed in all patients. Obstructive CAD was diagnosed by ≥70% stenosis in any epicardial coronary artery. During the follow-up time, we evaluated the occurrence of any of the following: (1) cardiovascular (CV) hospitalizations and (2) cardiac death or sudden death.

Results:
A total of 1091 consecutive patients (62.4 ± 12.6 years, 57.2% of men) were included in the study. Patients with normal chest shape (MHI ≤2.5) and those with concave-shaped chest wall (MHI >2.5) were separately analyzed. A positive ESE was diagnosed in 171 patients of which 80.7% had an obstructive CAD (true positive), while 19.3 not (false positive [FP]). Majority of FP ESE (70.9%) derived from concave-shaped chest wall group. During follow-up time (2.5 ± 1.9 years), 9 patients died and 281 were hospitalized because of heart failure (163), acute coronary syndromes (39), and arrhythmias (79). At the multivariate Cox regression analysis, age (heart rate [HR]: 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.03), MHI >2.5 (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.26–0.56), diabetes mellitus (HR: 4.89, 95% CI: 3.78–6.32), horizontal ST depression ≥1 mm (HR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.98–4.15), peak exercise average E/e' ratio (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06–1.10), and peak exercise wall motion score index (HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.36–2.35) were independently correlated with outcome.

Conclusions:
Patients with concave-shaped chest wall (MHI >2.5) have a significantly lower probability of CV events than those with normal chest shape (MHI ≤2.5) over a medium-term follow-up. A noninvasive chest shape assessment could identify subjects at lower risk of CV events.
Feasibility and Role of Right Ventricular Stress Echocardiography in Adult Patients
Authors: Pergola Valeria , Previtero Marco , Lorenzoni Giulia , Ocagli Honoria , Simeti Giuseppe , Aruta Patrizia , Baritussio Anna , Cecchetto Antonella , Leoni Loira , Mancuso Daniela , Gregori Dario , Salvo Giovanni Di , Iliceto Sabino , Mele Donato 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The great technological advancements in the field of echocardiography have led to applications of stress echocardiography (SE) in almost all diagnostic fields of cardiology, from ischemic heart disease to valvular heart disease and diastolic function. However, the assessment of the right ventricle (RV) in general, and in particular in regard to the contractile reserve of the RV, is an area that has not been previously explored. We, therefore, propose a study to investigate the potential use of SE for the assessment of RV function in adult patients.

Aims and objectives:
The primary aim is to evaluate the feasibility of right ventricular SE. The secondary aim is to assess right ventricular contractile reserve.

Matherials and Methods:
Eighty-one patients undergoing a physical or dobutamine stress echocardiogram for cardiovascular risk stratification or chest pain were the subject of the study. An exercise leg cycle using a standard WHO protocol was used to simultaneously assess the right and left ventricular global and regional function as well as acquiring Doppler data. Whereas the patient had limitations in mobility, a dobutamine SE was be performed. We evaluated the average values of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), fractional area change (FAC), S-wave, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP), and right ventricle global longitudinal (free wall) strain (RVGLS) during baseline and at the peak of the effort. RV contractile reserve was defined as the change in RVGLS from rest to peak exercise. We also assessed the reproducibility of these measurements between two different expert operators (blind analysis).

Results:
At least 3 over 5 RV function parameters were measurable both during baseline and at the peak of the effort in 95% of patients, while all 5 parameters in 65% of our population, demonstrating an excellent feasibility. All RV-studied variables showed a statistically significant increase (P < 0.001) at peak compared to the baseline. The average percentage increases at peak were 31.1% for TAPSE, 24.8% for FAC, 50.6% for S-wave, 55.2% for PAPS, and 39.8% for RV strain. The reproducibility between operators at baseline and peak was excellent. Our study demonstrates that TAPSE, FAC, and S-wave are highly feasible at rest and at peak, while TAPSE, S-wave, and sPAP are the most reliable measurements during RV stress echo.

Conclusion:
RVGLS is useful in the assessment of RV contractile reserve in patients with good acoustic window. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of contrast echocardiography in improving RV contractile reserve assessment during SE.