bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical scheme for solving a periodically forced Reynolds equation
Authors: Garratt J. E. , Cliffe K. A. , Hibberd S. , Power H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA modified Reynolds equation is used to model the air‐film in a high‐speed squeeze‐film bearing. The axial position of the bearing stator is prescribed as a finite amplitude periodic oscillation. A numerical approach is considered for solving the uncoupled and coupled periodic problems associated with this model. The uncoupled problem requires the computation of the squeeze‐film dynamics when the rotor is held at a fixed axial position and the coupled problem incorporates the additional air–rotor interaction since the rotor position is unknown and modelled as a spring‐mass‐damper system. The details of a Fourier spectral collocation scheme are provided for the reduction of the modified Reynolds equation to a system of non‐linear, first‐order ordinary differential equations in space. Using the Matlab boundary value problem solver bvp4c this system of equations is solved to give the periodic pressure distributions and rotor heights. The high degree of accuracy in the spectral collocation scheme is demonstrated through comparison with an appropriate analytical solution. Further analysis indicates that the direct periodic solver is at least 10 times faster than the equivalent Crank–Nicholson finite‐difference scheme. For changing values of a selected physical parameter the method of arc‐length continuation is employed to track branches of solutions computed using the spectral collocation scheme. A selection of results is presented to demonstrate the range of accessible solutions and the robust nature of the numerical scheme. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ground reaction and lining curves /
Authors: Pacher Franz 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGround reaction curves characterise the behaviour of the ground while excavating and supporting the cavity and provide a better understanding of the resulting interactions of ground pressure, lining loading and deformation. By including the element of time, the picture can be extended to a diagram, which can be used to display or understand certain situations better. A few practical examples should help to understand the reasons for failure or the failure mechanism.Gebirgskennlinien charakterisieren das Verhalten des Gebirges beim Öffnen und bei der Sicherung des Hohlraums und ermöglichen einen besseren Einblick in die daraus resultierenden Zusammenhänge von Gebirgsdruck, Ausbaubelastung und Verformung. Durch Einbeziehung der Zeitkomponente wird das Bild zu einem Diagramm erweitert, wodurch bestimmte Situationen besser dargestellt bzw. nachvollzogen werden können. Einige Beispiele aus der Praxis sollen dazu beitragen, die Gründe des Versagens bzw. den Versagensmechanismus zu verstehen.
The rebuilding of the ventilation cavernat the Tauern Tunnel /
Authors: Bacher Michael , Brandtner Markus , Kohlböck Bernhard , Santner Josef 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis report gives an overview of the ventilation scheme for both tubes of the Tauern Tunnel with particular attention to the rebuilding of the multi‐storey ventilation cavern. The cavern was designed and constructed in the 1970s – along with most of the ventilation system – and provides the ventilation for the central sections of both tubes with a ventilation shaft about 600 mm deep. While the original scheme intended sheet metal ducts partly suspended from the cavern vault, all the extract air ducts now had to be constructed of reinforced concrete as part of the construction of the second tube on account of the requirement for fire resistance. This also included the replacement of existing suspended sheet metal ducts.The design work was a particular challenge because the structural design and detailing also had to consider the complicated existing structure and the aerodynamic (flow resistance) and logistical (maintenance of traffic and continuous operation of ventilation) aspects.Im vorliegenden Bericht wird eine Übersicht über das Lüftungskonzept der beiden Röhren des Tauerntunnels gegeben, wobei besonders auf die Umbauarbeiten der mehrgeschossigen Lüfterkaverne eingegangen wird. Die Kaverne wurde – wie der Großteil der Lüftungsanlage – bereits in den 1970‐er Jahren für beide Tunnelröhren geplant und errichtet und gewährleistet mit einem rund 600 m hohen Lüftungsschacht die Be‐ und Entlüftung der zentralen Lüftungsabschnitte für beide Tunnelröhren. Während beim ursprünglichen Konzept zum Teil vom Kavernengewölbe abgehängte Blechkanäle vorgesehen waren, müssen im Zuge des Neubaus der zweiten Tunnelröhre und der Sanierung der Bestandsröhre sämtliche Abluftkanäle wegen der geforderten Hitzebeständigkeit in Stahlbetonbauweise ausgeführt werden. Daher musste auch für die bereits bestehenden, aufgehängten Blechkanäle Ersatz geschaffen werden.Die Planungsarbeiten erwiesen sich als besonders herausfordernd, da die statisch‐konstruktive Planung auch die komplexen bestehenden Bauwerke und zusätzlich lüftungstechnische (Strömungswiderstand) und logistische (Verkehrsaufrechterhaltung und laufender Lüftungsbetrieb) Aspekte zu berücksichtigen hatte.
The use of smartphones for clinical communication on internal medicine wards
Authors: Wu Robert C. , Morra Dante , Quan Sherman , Lai Sannie , Zanjani Samira , Abrams Howard , Rossos Peter G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Communication between clinicians is hampered by the frequent difficulty in reaching the most responsible physician for a patient as well as the use of outdated methods such as numeric paging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of smartphones to improve communication on internal medicine wards.METHOD:At the Toronto General Hospital, residents were provided with smartphones. To simplify reaching the most responsible resident for a patient, a smartphone designated as “Team BlackBerry” was also carried by each senior resident and then passed to the resident covering the team at night and on weekends. Nurses were able to send email messages or call smartphones directly.RESULTS:There were on average of 9.1 incoming calls, 6.6 outgoing calls, 14.3 received emails, and 2.8 sent emails per day to each Team BlackBerry. Team BlackBerrys received up to 35 calls and 57 emails per day. Residents strongly preferred the smartphones over conventional paging with perceived improvements in all items measured and felt that it improved efficiency and communication. Although nurses perceived a reduction in the time required to contact a physician (27.6 vs. 11 minutes P < 0.001), their overall satisfaction with physician's response time for urgent issues did not improve significantly.DISCUSSION:When smartphones were used for clinical communication, residents perceived an improvement in communication with them. Residents strongly preferred emails as opposed to telephone calls as the prime method of communication. Further objective evaluation is necessary to determine if this intervention improves efficiency and more importantly, quality of care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Role of hemorrhage in the induction of systemic inflammation and remote organ damage: Analysis of combined pseudo‐fracture and hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Pfeifer Roman , Kobbe Philipp , Darwiche Sophie S. , Billiar Timothy R. , Pape Hans‐Christoph 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study was performed to analyze the role of hemorrhage‐induced hypotension in the induction of systemic inflammation and remote organ dysfunction. Male C57/BL6 mice (6‐ to 10‐week old and 20–30 g) were used. Animals were either subjected to pseudo‐fracture [PF; standardized soft‐tissue injury and injection of crushed bone, PF group: n = 9], or PF combined with hemorrhagic shock (HS + PF group: n = 6). Endpoint was 6 h. Systemic inflammation was assessed by IL‐6 and IL‐10 levels. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NF‐κB activity in the lung and liver tissue were obtained to assess remote organ damage. The increases of systemic cytokines are similar for animals subjected to PF and PF + HS (IL‐6: 189 pg/ml ± 32.5 vs. 160 pg/ml ± 5.3; IL‐10: 60.3 pg/ml ± 15.8 vs. 88 pg/ml ± 32.4). Furthermore, the features (ALT; NF‐κB) of liver injury are equally elevated in mice subjected to PF (76.9 U/L ± 4.5) and HS + PF (80 U/L ± 5.5). Lung injury, addressed by MPO activity was more severe in group HS + PF (2.95 ng/ml ± 0.32) than in group PF (1.21 ng/ml ± 0.2). Both PF and additional HS cause a systemic inflammatory response. In addition, hemorrhage seems to be associated with remote affects on the lung. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:270–274, 2011
Intracellular tension in periosteum/perichondrium cells regulates long bone growth
Authors: Foolen Jasper , van Donkelaar Corrinus C. , Ito Keita 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPerichondrium/periosteum is involved in regulating long bone growth. Long bones grow faster after removal or circumferential division of periosteum. This can be countered by culturing them in conditioned medium from perichondrium/periosteum cells. Because both complete removal and circumferential division are effective, we hypothesized that perichondrium/periosteum cells require an intact environment to release the appropriate soluble factors. More specifically, we propose that this release depends on their ability to generate intracellular tension. This hypothesis was explored by modulating the ability of perichondrium/periosteum cells to generate intracellular tension and monitoring the effect thereof on long bone growth. Perichondrium/periosteum cells were cultured on substrates with different stiffness. The medium produced by these cultures was added to embryonic chick tibiotarsi from which perichondrium/periosteum was either stripped or left intact. After 3 culture days, long bone growth was proportionally related to the stiffness of the substrate on which perichondrium/periosteum cells were grown while they produced conditioned medium. A second set of experiments demonstrated that the effect occurred through expression of a growth‐inhibiting factor, rather than through the reduction of a stimulatory factor. Finally, evidence for the importance of intracellular tension was obtained by showing that the inhibitory effect was abolished when perichondrium/periosteum cells were treated with cytochalasin D, which disrupts the actin microfilaments. Thus, we concluded that modulation of long bone growth occurs through release of soluble inhibitors by perichondrium/periosteum cells, and that the ability of cells to develop intracellular tension through their actin microfilaments is at the base of this mechano‐regulated control pathway. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:84–91, 2011
Trauma centrality and PTSD in veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Brown Adam D. , Antonius Daniel , Kramer Michael , Root James C. , Hirst William 
Published: August 2010

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that the extent to which an individual integrates a traumatic event into their identity (“trauma centrality”) positively correlates with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. No research to date has examined trauma centrality in individuals exposed to combat stress. This study investigated trauma centrality using the abridged Centrality of Event Scale (Berntsen & Rubin, 2006) among Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom combat veterans (n = 46). Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that trauma centrality predicted PTSD symptoms. Trauma centrality and PTSD symptoms remained significantly correlated when controlling for depression in subgroups of veterans with or without probable PTSD. This study replicates and extends findings that placing trauma at the center of one's identity is associated with PTSD symptomatology.
PTSD among a treatment sample of repeat DUI offenders
Authors: Peller Allyson J. , Najavits Lisa M. , Nelson Sarah E. , LaBrie Richard A. , Shaffer Howard J. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecent studies indicate that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychiatric comorbidities among driving‐under‐the‐influence (DUI) offenders in treatment. Investigation of DUI offenders' PTSD and clinical characteristics could have important implications for prevention and treatment. This prospective study examined the demographic and clinical characteristics of repeat DUI offenders with PTSD symptoms at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. Seven hundred twenty‐nine DUI offenders admitted to a 2‐week inpatient program participated in the study. Participants with PTSD evidenced more severe psychiatric comorbidity and reported a higher DUI recidivism rate at 1‐year than those without PTSD. This study suggests a need to address PTSD among DUI offenders, as well as to further develop methodologies for accurately reporting DUI recidivism.
Posttraumatic growth in exposure therapy for PTSD
Authors: Hagenaars Muriel A. , van Minnen Agnes 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis study aims to increase our understanding of trauma positive outcomes by (a) exploring associations between posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and (b) investigating posttraumatic growth course and its impact on exposure treatment. In 80 mixed trauma PTSD patients, growth was negatively related to PTSD symptoms, especially emotional numbing. Sixty‐five PTSD patients also completed Prolonged Exposure therapy with pretreatment and posttreatment assessments. Posttraumatic growth—New Possibilities and Personal Strength—increased during exposure therapy, and these increases were associated to decreases of PTSD symptoms. Pretreatment posttraumatic growth, more specifically the Appreciation of Life subscale, predicted better treatment outcome after controlling for pretreatment PTSD. The results indicate that posttraumatic growth may be a valuable new concept in trauma therapy.
Eighteen years of experience in Mohs micrographic surgery and conventional excision for nonmelanoma skin cancer treated by a single facial plastic surgeon and pathologist
Authors: van der Eerden Paul A. , Prins M. Eric F. , Lohuis Peter J. F. M. , Balm Fons A. J. M. , Vuyk Hade D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine and compare the efficacy of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS)‐ and conventional excision (CE)‐confirmed resection of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs).Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of NMSCs treated in a tertiary referral center by a single facial plastic surgeon and a group of five histopathologists over an 18‐year period. The treatment modality was either MMS or CE. The primary outcome measure was recurrence of disease. The secondary outcome measure was the size of resulting surgical excision defect.Results:Between 1990 and 2008, 795 patients were treated with MMS and 709 with CE. The median follow‐up period for MMS was 24 months and for CE 16 months. Disease recurred in 6/795 and 7/709 patients, respectively (P = .78). Analysis of the resection defects with general linear models adjusted for localization and primary or recurrent disease showed significantly smaller defects after MMS (P = .008).Conclusions:This study demonstrates that: 1) MMS and CE are safe in terms of recurrence rates in NMSCs; 2) MMS can be performed adequately by an experienced facial plastic surgeon in close collaboration with a group of pathologists; and 3) the advantage of MMS is that resection defects can be minimized in important aesthetic and functional areas, such as the nose and eyelid, possibly facilitating the reconstruction. Laryngoscope, 2010
Hedgehog antagonist GDC‐0449 is effective in the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma
Authors: Amin Shivan H. , Tibes Raoul , Kim Ji‐Eon , Hybarger C. Patrick 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To demonstrate the efficacy of the hedgehog pathway inhibitor GDC‐0449 in the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma.Design Study:Case series.Methods:Three patients treated in a referral center for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma, one with metastases, were referred for treatment in a GDC‐0449 phase I clinical trial. The treatment was once per day continuous therapy with oral GDC‐0449.Results:Two patients showed complete clinical and radiologic resolution of disease, whereas one patient had significant reduction in tumor burden with radiologic evidence of slowly progressive local disease. Side effects were taste changes, mild to moderate hair loss, and muscle cramps in one patient.Conclusions:GDC‐0449 showed significant inhibitory activity in the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma.
Tourette's syndrome in adults
Authors: Jankovic Joseph , Gelineau‐Kattner Rose , Davidson Anthony 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTourette's syndrome (TS) is defined as motor and phonic tics starting before age 18 years, and therefore most studies have focused on childhood TS, whereas the disorder in adults has not been well characterized. We reviewed medical records of all new TS patients referred to our Movement Disorders Clinic over the past 5 years, 19 years or older on initial evaluation and compared them with 100 TS patients 18 years or younger. The mean age at initial visit of 43 adult TS patients was 58.8 ± 6.7 years, whereas the mean age at initial visit of children with TS was 12.9 ± 2.0 years. Of the adult TS patients, 35 (81.4%) had a history of tics with onset before the age of 18 years (mean age at onset: 8.5 ± 3.4 years), with 8 (18.6%) reporting first occurrence of tics after the age of 18 years (mean age at onset: 37.8 ± 13.2 years). Only two (4.7%) patients reported tic onset after the age of 50 years. Adult patients with TS had significantly more facial and truncal tics, and a greater prevalence of substance abuse and mood disorders, but fewer phonic tics, and lower rates of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional behavior than children with TS. Adult TS largely represents reemergence or exacerbation of childhood‐onset TS. During the course of TS, phonic and complex motor tics, self‐injurious behaviors, and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder tend to improve, but facial, neck, and trunk tics dominate the adult TS phenotype. In addition, adults with TS are more likely to exhibit substance abuse and mood disorders compared with children with TS. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Structure and optoelectronic properties of PbSe quantum dots /PVA. Does the polymer molecular weight matter?
Authors: Mahmoud Waleed E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with different molecular weights (8000, 14,000, and 132,000 g/mol) capped lead selenide (PbSe) quantum dots (QDs) are prepared. The nanocomposites are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD and TEM studies show that the particle size of PbSe QDs decrease with the increase in PVA molecular weight and/or PVA amount. This may be due to the increase in molecular weight inhibiting further growth of PbSe into the polymer matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the introduction of PbSe QDs into PVA decreases the crystallinity of the polymer. The optical absorption spectroscopy of prepared nanocomposites showed that the absorption peaks are strongly shifted to the lower wavelength (blue shift) from near infrared region to visible region by increasing the PVA molecular weight. The (I–V) characteristic curves of the PVA/PbSe nanocomposite films under illumination showed a photovoltaic cell‐like behavior. The results indicated that as the molecular weight of polymer increases, the conversion efficiency increases. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterisation of α‐Glycosyloxyamides Derived from Cyanogenic Glycosides
Authors: Sendker Jandirk , Nahrstedt Adolf 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIntroduction – After exposure to oxidative stress, the leaves of some cyanogenic plants contain primary α‐glycosyloxyamides with structures corresponding to their original cyanogenic glycosides.Objectives –The aim of this study was to prepare such amides from their nitrile precursors and to characterise the new substances in order to facilitate their early identification in forthcoming studies.Methods – A simple but highly specific method is described for the in‐vitro synthesis of the amides from their nitrile glycoside precursors using the Radziszewski reaction with hydrogen peroxide and a single‐step purification of the reaction product. A TLC method is presented for the preliminary and fast identification of the α‐glycosyloxyamides.Results – Following this procedure, seven representative α‐glycosyloxyamides, five of them new, were obtained and analytically characterised by means of 1H, 13C NMR and ATR‐IR spectroscopy, highlighting the differences from their respective nitrile glycoside precursors.Conclusion – Thus, α‐glycosyloxyamides can be obtained in sufficient amounts and purity to serve as references for further studies on the catabolism of cyanogenic glycosides and the detoxification of cyanogenic foodplants using the new aspect of nitrile hydrolysis with (endogenous) hydrogen peroxide. Copyright © 2010 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of a new rapid switching near‐infrared electrochromic conjugated polymer
Authors: Wu Han‐Yu , Wang Kun‐Li , Jiang Jyh‐Chiang , Liaw Der‐Jang , Lee Kueir‐Rarn , Lai Juin‐Yih , Chen Ci‐Liang 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA new rapid switching near‐IR electrochromic conjugated propeller‐shape polymer (PBTPAFL) with lower oxidation potential containing a di‐triarylamine group was synthesized via Suzuki coupling approach. The observed UV‐vis‐NIR absorption changes in the PBTPAFL film at various potentials are fully reversible and associated with strong color changes from the original light green to dark green and then to a Prussian blue. Excellent continuous cyclic stability of the electrochromic characteristics with a rapid color switching time 2.58 s and bleaching time 1.76 s was found as well. Compared with P1 and P2, the introduction of more electron‐donating propyl phenyl group in the para position of PBTPAFL lowered the oxidative potential and prevented coupling reaction during the electrochromic procedure. The high molecular weight conjugated polymer having high thermal stability with Td10 more than 450 °C has excellent solubility in common organic solvents such as NMP, THF, chloroform, toluene, xylene, and benzene at room temperature (25 °C) due to the propeller‐shape structure and long alkyl chain on fluorene. Herein, from the combination of the experimental and computational study, we proposed a mechanism on the basis of the molecular orbital theory to explain the electrochromic oxidation behavior. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3913–3923, 2010.