bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welcome to the World of the Plastic Beach: Gorillaz and the Future
Authors: Larson Michael 
Published: August 2012

The music and artwork of Gorillaz have raised questions surrounding “the future” since the group’s formation. I categorize the themes of each of the three phases of Gorillaz’s production as follows : Phase One : Millennial Tension, Phase Two : End Times, Phase Three : The Overload. Gorillaz first phase faces the new millennium at the onset of a future already in decay, paying for the dead dreams of progress. The first phase of Gorillaz coincides with the turn of the millennium, what was to have been “the future.” But we find a landscape of environmental devastation, disease, famine, and expanding ghost towns. Phase two coincides with the “war on terror,” and Gorillaz portentously ask if we are “the last living souls” as the struggle to hold onto hope proves difficult. Phase three marks Gorillaz arrival on Plastic Beach, a riff on the gyres of garbage mounting in our oceans. The pressing theme is about holding on to love and desire in the face of world wreckage. Throughout this arc, the Gorillaz project thematically illuminates the anxiety and despair of our age through lyrical motifs and the story of the fictional band’s escapades, maintaining this sense of anxiety and tension while reaching for utopian promise in the dystopian night. Any possible future, it seems, must be built in the face of precariousness and catastrophe. The Gorillaz project expresses a utopian imagination in the midst of the dystopian potential of the present. I situate Gorillaz music and presentation in a critical, though aporetic, utopianism which seeks transformation by incorporating the harsh realities of the present. Plastic Beach emerges as a stage for the imagination of new creations and possibilities.
Pynchon’s Frictional Paradigm: The Force of Yoyodyne vs. the Counterforce of W.A.S.T.E.
Authors: Macura Sergej 
Published: August 2012

Cet article trouve son point de départ dans les clauses fondamentales de la Loi du travail des États-Unis de 1946, qui sous-tendent le discours utopique selon lequel tous les membres d’une société doivent pouvoir subvenir à leurs besoins. Alors que l’économie de la Californie a sans aucun doute prospéré durant les décennies de l’après Seconde Guerre mondiale, et ce en partie grâce aux investissements fédéraux dans les industries d’armement, l’influence abrutissante que les grandes entreprises avaient sur les vies de leurs employés de bas niveau provoque, dans le roman de Pynchon Vente à la criée du lot 49, une réaction subversive d’un groupe du personnel technique dans la grande entreprise de Yoyodyne. La forme d’utopie que ce groupe développe ne se hasarde pas au-delà de la composition de lettres acheminées par un service postal secret à l’intérieur de la compagnie, cette résistance inoffensive leur permettant une forme de réhumanisation. Le roman Vineland présente une révolte beaucoup plus fondamentale contre la répression d’Etat sous la forme de mouvements divers à plus grande échelle, dans un département imaginaire – une équipe de cinéma enregistrant des documentaires en direct sur la violence gouvernementale ; une communauté féminine d’arts martiaux résidant dans les collines ; un groupe d’étudiants proclamant sa propre république de courte durée. Ce second roman ne crée pas de polémique avec le texte de la Loi bien qu’il dépeigne les implications pratiques du monopole des entreprises ou de l’Etat et les réactions à ses excès.
Novelistic Nostalgia: The Pleasure and the Pain
Authors: Pánková Lenka 
Published: August 2012

This article explores nostalgia in its creative/utopian as well as negative/pathological aspects, as reflected in novels by two contemporary authors: Milan Kundera and Mircea Cărtărescu. While nostalgia mostly perceived as a highly positive value clearly permeates Cărtărescu’s novel, in Kundera’s writing we observe a gradually developing violent rejection of this sentiment. Both Cărtărescu and Kundera display a need to return to their childhood/adolescent origins, albeit for opposing reasons: what the first wishes to symbolically re-create (restorative nostalgia), the latter desires to demolish with a supremely anti-nostalgic gesture.
SALIVA IRON AND FERRITIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH THALASSEMIA AND IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Authors: Canatan Duran , Akdeniz Sevgi Kosaci 
Published: August 2012

Most of the techniques for measuring iron accumulation such as serum iron concentration, iron binding capacity, serum ferritin level, liver biopsy are invasive and hard methods for patients. The changes in trace element concentrations in saliva at different systemic diseases shows the quantity of the element at the body. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of iron and ferritin in saliva and serum in patients with thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia. For this purpose, 35 healthy children as control group and 71 thalassemia major, 10 thalassemia intermedia and 15 thalassemia trait patients were involved. Their saliva and serum iron and ferritin levels were measured. There was no statistically difference between age and gender in all groups and control group (p>0.05). In all groups saliva iron levels are higher than serum iron levels(p<0.05). Furthermore there was a positive correlation betwen serum and saliva iron levels in thalassemia major, intermedia and trait groups ( p=0.000, r=0.972, r=0.720, r=0.955) and also there was a positive correlation between serum and saliva iron levels in control and iron deficiency group (p= 0.000, r= 0.885, r= 0.368). In conclusion, Saliva iron and ferritin levels increase as well as serum in patients with thalassemia and decrease in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Saliva can be used for diagnosis routinely to shows the iron overload and deficiency of the body and its easy applicability and also a non-invasive procedure is important advantage.
An introduction to the memristor – a valuable circuit element in bioelectricity and bioimpedance
Authors: Johnsen Gorm K. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The memristor (short for memory resistor) is a yet quite unknown circuit element, though equally fundamental as resistors, capacitors, and coils. It was predicted from theory arguments nearly 40 years ago, but not realized as a physical component until recently. The memristor shows many interesting features when describing electrical phenomena, especially at small (molecular or cellular) scales and can in particular be useful for bioimpedance and bioelectricity modeling. It can also give us a richer and much improved conceptual understanding of many such phenomena. Up until today the tools available for circuit modeling have been restricted to the three circuit elements (RLC) as well as the widely used constant phase element (CPE). However, as one element has been missing in our modeling toolbox, many bioelectrical phenomena may have been described incompletely as they are indeed memristive. Such memristive behavior is not possible to capture within a traditional RLC framework. In this paper we will introduce the memristor and look at bioelectrical memristive phenomena. The goal is to explain the new memristor’s properties in a simple manner as well as to highlight its importance and relevance. We conclude that memristors must be included as a readily used building block for bioimpedance and bioelectrical data analysis and modeling.
Porous Nanofilm Biomaterials Via Templated Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly
Authors: Wu Connie , Aslan Seyma , Gand Adeline , Wolenski Joseph S. , Pauthe Emmanuel , Van Tassel Paul R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHydrogel‐like biomaterials are often too soft to support robust cell adhesion, yet methods to increase mechanical rigidity (e.g., covalent cross‐linking the gel matrix) can compromise bioactivity by suppressing the accessibility or activity of embedded biomolecules. Nanoparticle templating is reported here as a strategy toward porous, layer‐by‐layer assembled, thin polyelectrolyte films of sufficient mechanical rigidity to promote strong initial cell adhesion, and that are capable of high bioactive species loading. Latex nanoparticles are incorporated during layer‐by‐layer assembly, and following 1‐ethyl‐3‐[3‐dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide/N‐hydroxysulfosuccinimide (EDC‐NHS) cross‐linking of the polyelectrolyte film, are removed via exposure to tetrahydrofuran (THF). THF exposure results in only a partial reduction in film thickness (as observed by ellipsometry), suggesting the presence of internal pore space. The attachment, spreading, and metabolic activity of pre‐osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells cultured on templated, cross‐linked films are statistically similar to those on non‐templated films, and much greater than those on non‐cross‐linked films. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and quartz crystal microgravimetry indicate a high capacity for bioactive species loading (ca. 10% of film mass) in nanoparticle templated films. Porous nanofilm biomaterials, formed via layer‐by‐layer assembly with nanoparticle templating, promote robust cell adhesion and exhibit high bioactive species loading, and thus appear to be excellent candidates for cell‐contacting applications.
Ti4+‐Immobilized Magnetic Composite Microspheres for Highly Selective Enrichment of Phosphopeptides
Authors: Ma Wanfu , Zhang Ying , Li Lulu , Zhang Yuting , Yu Meng , Guo Jia , Lu Haojie , Wang Changchun 
Published: August 2012

AbstractArchitectural design is essential to achieve ideal chemical and biological properties of nanomaterials. In this article, a novel route to fabricate high‐quality magnetic composite microspheres composed of a high‐magnetic‐response magnetic colloid nanocrystal cluster (MCNC) core, a poly(methylacrylic acid) (PMAA) interim layer, and a Ti4+‐immobilized poly(ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate) (PEGMP) shell via two‐step distillation–precipitation polymerization is presented. The unique as‐synthesized MCNC@PMAA@PEGMP‐Ti4+ composite microsphere is investigated for its applicability for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from complex biological samples. The experiment results demonstrate that, by taking advantage of the pure phosphate–Ti4+ interface and high Ti4+ loading amount, the MCNC@PMAA@PEGMP‐Ti4+ composite microsphere possesses remarkable selectivity for phosphopeptides even at a very low molar ratio of phosphopeptides/nonphosphopeptides (1:500). The extreme sensitivity, excellent recovery of phosphopeptides, and high magnetic susceptibility are also proven. These outstanding features demonstrate that the MCNC@PMAA@PEGMP‐Ti4+ composite microspheres have great benefit for the pretreatment before mass spectrometric analysis of phosphopeptides. Furthermore, the performance of the approach in selective enrichment of phosphopeptides from drinking milk and human serum gives powerful evidence for its high selectivity and effectiveness in identifying the low‐abundant phosphopeptides from complicated biological samples.
12q14 microdeletion syndrome and short stature with or without relative macrocephaly
Authors: Takenouchi Toshiki , Enomoto Keisuke , Nishida Toshihiko , Torii Chiharu , Okazaki Tadaharu , Takahashi Takao , Kosaki Kenjiro 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPatients with 12q14 microdeletion can present with short stature with or without relative macrocephaly. When associated with relative macrocephaly, the phenotype resembles Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS). Short stature is attributable to haploinsufficiency of HMGA2, but a patient with a deletion at the HMGA2 locus only did not have macrocephaly. Hence, the presence of a separate locus for a relative macrocephaly phenotype was suggested. Herein, we present a girl with a 12q14 microdeletion involving the HMGA2 locus who had short stature but did not have macrocephaly. Inclusion and exclusion mappings based on a quantitative review of the degree of relative macrocephaly and the extent of the deletions in previously reported patients with a 12q14 microdeletion demonstrated a presumptive interval for relative macrocephaly spanning a few megabases. These results confirm that a deletion spanning both HMGA2 and this presumptive interval locus would cause an SRS‐like phenotype. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flow and heat transfer over a trapezoidal cylinder: steady and unsteady regimes
Authors: Dhiman Amit , Hasan Mudassir 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTTwo‐dimensional unconfined flow and heat transfer across a long tapered trapezoidal bluff body are investigated for the range Re = 1 to 150 (thereby covering both steady and unsteady periodic regimes) and Pr = 0.7 (air). A number of engineering parameters, e.g. drag and lift coefficients, Strouhal and Nusselt numbers, and others, is calculated for the above range of conditions. No flow separation occurs from the surface of the trapezoidal cylinder for the range Re ≤ 5; however, flow starts to separate from the rear surface of the cylinder at Re = 6. Therefore, the onset of flow separation exits between Re = 5 and 6. The critical value of the Reynolds number (i.e. transition from steady to unsteady) exists between Re = 46 and 47. The drag coefficient decreases with increasing Reynolds number in the steady regime; however, the drag increases with Reynolds number in the unsteady regime. The Strouhal number and the average Nusselt number increase with increasing value of the Reynolds number. Finally, the simple correlation for the average Nusselt number is obtained in the steady flow regime. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of a water‐soluble sulfonates copolymer of acrylamide and N‐allylbenzamide as enhanced oil recovery chemical
Authors: Ye Zhongbin , Gou Guangjun , Gou Shaohua , Jiang Wenchao , Liu Tongyi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA novel water‐soluble polymer was prepared by copolymerization and sulfomethylation using acrylamide (AM) and N‐allylbenzamide (NABI) as raw materials under mild conditions. The effects of ratio of AM to NABI, initiator concentration, reaction temperature, pH, and monomer concentration on the copolymerization were studied. The sulfonates copolymer was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the sulfonates copolymer could achieve up to 25%, 30% retention rate of the viscosity at a high temperature (120°C) and a vigorous shear condition (1000 s−1). It was also found that the sulfonates copolymer had moderate salt tolerance (NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2·6H2O) and its viscosity could be restored to the original value when the shear rate changed from 170 to 510 s−1 and 510 to 170 s−1. At last, the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) of the sulfonates copolymer was tested by core flood, and with up to 10.6% EOR was afforded in presence of 5000 mg/L NaCl brine at 60°C. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Biased clique shuffling reveals stabilizing mutations in cellulase Cel7A
Authors: Dana Craig M. , Saija Poonam , Kal Sarala M. , Bryan Mara B. , Blanch Harvey W. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRenewable fuels produced from biomass‐derived sugars are receiving increasing attention. Lignocellulose‐degrading enzymes derived from fungi are attractive for saccharification of biomass because they can be produced at higher titers and at significantly less cost than those produced by bacteria or archaea. However, their properties can be suboptimal; for example, they are subject to product inhibition and are sensitive to small changes in pH. Furthermore, increased thermostability would be advantageous for saccharification as increased temperature may reduce the opportunity for microbial contamination. We have developed a mutagenesis platform to improve these properties and applied it to increase the operating temperature and thermostability of the fungal glycosyl hydrolase Cel7A. Secretion of Cel7A at titers of 26 mg/L with limited hyperglycosylation was achieved using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with upregulated protein disulfide isomerase, an engineered α‐factor prepro leader, and deletion of a plasma membrane ATPase. Using biased clique shuffling (BCS) of 11 Cel7A genes, we generated a small library (469) rich in activity (86% of the chimeras were active) and identified 51 chimeras with improved thermostability, many of which contained mutations in the loop networks that extend over the enzyme's active site. This BCS library was far superior as a source of active and stable chimeras compared to an equimolar library prepared from the same 11 genes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2710–2719. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered integration of speech and gesture in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Hubbard Amy L. , McNealy Kristin , Scott‐Van Zeeland Ashley A. , Callan Daniel E. , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Dapretto Mirella 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe presence of gesture during speech has been shown to impact perception, comprehension, learning, and memory in normal adults and typically developing children. In neurotypical individuals, the impact of viewing co‐speech gestures representing an object and/or action (i.e., iconic gesture) or speech rhythm (i.e., beat gesture) has also been observed at the neural level. Yet, despite growing evidence of delayed gesture development in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), few studies have examined how the brain processes multimodal communicative cues occurring during everyday communication in individuals with ASD. Here, we used a previously validated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm to examine the neural processing of co‐speech beat gesture in children with ASD and matched controls. Consistent with prior observations in adults, typically developing children showed increased responses in right superior temporal gyrus and sulcus while listening to speech accompanied by beat gesture. Children with ASD, however, exhibited no significant modulatory effects in secondary auditory cortices for the presence of co‐speech beat gesture. Rather, relative to their typically developing counterparts, children with ASD showed significantly greater activity in visual cortex while listening to speech accompanied by beat gesture. Importantly, the severity of their socio‐communicative impairments correlated with activity in this region, such that the more impaired children demonstrated the greatest activity in visual areas while viewing co‐speech beat gesture. These findings suggest that although the typically developing brain recognizes beat gesture as communicative and successfully integrates it with co‐occurring speech, information from multiple sensory modalities is not effectively integrated during social communication in the autistic brain.
Role of C‐terminal negative charges and tyrosine residues in fibril formation of α‐synuclein
Authors: Izawa Yasutaka , Tateno Hironobu , Kameda Hiroshi , Hirakawa Kazuya , Hato Keiko , Yagi Hisashi , Hongo Kunihiro , Mizobata Tomohiro , Kawata Yasushi 
Published: August 2012

Abstractα‐Synuclein (140 amino acids), one of the causative proteins of Parkinson's disease, forms amyloid fibrils in brain neuronal cells. In order to further explore the contributions of the C‐terminal region of α‐synuclein in fibril formation and also to understand the overall mechanism of fibril formation, we reduced the number of negatively charged residues in the C‐terminal region using mutagenesis. Mutants with negative charges deleted displayed accelerated fibril formation compared with wild‐type α‐synuclein, demonstrating that negative charges located in the C‐terminal region of α‐synuclein modulate fibril formation. Additionally, when tyrosine residues located at position 125, 133, and 136 in the C‐terminal region were changed to alanine residue(s), we found that all mutants containing the Tyr136Ala mutation showed delays in fibril formation compared with wild type. Mutation of Tyr136 to various amino acids revealed that aromatic residues located at this position act favorably toward fibril formation. In mutants where charge neutralization and tyrosine substitution were combined, we found that these two factors influence fibril formation in complex fashion. These findings highlight the importance of negative charges and aromatic side chains in the C‐terminal region of α‐synuclein in fibril formation.
“Extracting” the Key Fragment in ETS‐10 Crystallization and Its Application in AM‐6 Assembly
Authors: Guo Meiling , Feng Zhaochi , Li Guanna , Hofmann Jan P. , Pidko Evgeny A. , Magusin Pieter C. M. M. , Guo Qiang , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Hensen Emiel J. M. , Fan Fengtao , Li Can 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe mechanism of crystallization of microporous titanosilicate ETS‐10 was investigated by Raman spectroscopy combined with 29Si magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and SEM imaging. The formation of three‐membered ring species is shown to be the key step in the hydrothermal synthesis of ETS‐10. They are formed by means of a complex process that involves the interaction of silicate species in the reaction mixture, which promotes the dissolution of TiO2 particles. These insights into the mechanism of ETS‐10 growth led to the successful development of a new synthesis route to the vanadosilicate AM‐6 that involves the use of intermediates that contain three‐membered ring species as an initiator.
Pharmacokinetics of Terazosin Enantiomers in Healthy Chinese Male Subjects
Authors: Liu Man , Zhang Dan , Yang Man , Zhao Ting , Wang Xiaolin , Zhang Yanan , Han Jing , Liu Huichen 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the pharmacokinetics of terazosin enantiomers in healthy Chinese male subjects. After a single oral dose of 2‐mg terazosin, the plasma concentrations of terazosin enantiomers were measured over the course of 48 h in 12 healthy subjects. The plasma concentrations of (+)‐(R)‐terazosin at all time points were higher than those of (−)‐(S)‐terazosin. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–∞) and maximum plasma concentration of (+)‐(R)‐terazosin were significantly greater than those of the (−)‐(S)‐terazosin (P < 0.01, respectively). The R/S ratio of AUC0–∞ of terazosin was 1.68. For the first time, it was proven that the pharmacokinetics of terazosin was stereoselective in healthy Chinese male subjects. Chirality 24:1047–1050, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.