bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Zinc(II)‐Selective Fluorescent Sensor Based on 8‐Aminoquinoline and Its Application in Biological Imaging
Authors: Xie Guoqiang , Xi Pinxian , Wang Xiao , Zhao Xuefei , Huang Liang , Chen Fengjuan , Wu Yongjie , Yao Xiaojun , Zeng Zhengzhi 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA fluorescent probe based on 8‐aminoquinoline bearing an aminophenol unit (L1) was developed as a chemosensor for Zn2+. Sensor L1 exhibits a high selectivity and sensitivity towards Zn2+ over other common metal ions in the physiological pH window and binds to Zn2+ through 1:1 binding mode. Fluorescent imaging of Zn2+ in living cells is also successfully demonstrated.
Asymmetric Reduction of α‐Keto Esters with Thermus thermophilus NADH‐Dependent Carbonyl Reductase using Glucose Dehydrogenase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase for Cofactor Regeneration
Authors: Pennacchio Angela , Giordano Assunta , Rossi Mosè , Raia Carlo A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of methyl (R)‐mandelate and methyl (R)‐o‐chloromandelate was investigated using an NADH‐dependent carbonyl reductase from Thermus thermophilus (TtADH) and, separately, archaeal glucose dehydrogenase and Bacillus stearothermophilus alcohol dehydrogenase (BsADH) for NADH regeneration. Optimal reaction times and substrate concentrations in the absence and presence of organic solvents were determined. The enantiofacial selectivity of TtADH was shown to be inversely proportional to the hydrophobicity of the short‐chain linear alcohols employed as co‐substrates of the bacillar ADH. The bioreduction of methyl benzoylformate yielded the (R)‐alcohol with a 77 % yield (ee = 96 %) using glucose dehydrogenase and glucose, and 81 % yield (ee = 94 %) applying BsADH and ethanol. The bioreduction of methyl o‐chlorobenzoylformate yielded the halogenated (R)‐alcohol with 95 % and 92 % ee, and 62 % and 78 % yield using glucose dehydrogenase and BsADH, respectively.
Metal‐Free SN2′ Decarboxylative Rearrangement of β‐Keto Esters
Authors: Bizet Vincent , Lefebvre Valérie , Baudoux Jérôme , Lasne Marie‐Claire , Boulangé Agathe , Leleu Stéphane , Franck Xavier , Rouden Jacques 
Published: June 2011

AbstractTreatment of 2‐methoxycarbonyl‐ (or 3‐cyano‐)allyl acetoacetates with a tertiary amine or triphenylphosphane afforded α‐methylene γ‐substituted δ‐keto esters (or nitrile) in satisfactory yields. Various bases and nucleophiles were tested to elucidate the mechanism. The results of the study strongly suggest an intermolecular pathway involving a SN2′–decarboxylation–SN2′ cascade.
Expedient Solution‐Phase Synthesis and NMR Studies of Arylopeptoids
Authors: Hjelmgaard Thomas , Faure Sophie , Staerk Dan , Taillefumier Claude , Nielsen John 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe development of a highly convenient and efficient protocol for iterative solution‐phase synthesis of shorter oligomers of para‐ and meta‐arylopeptoids is described. Peptide coupling methods for accessing longer oligomers were studied: use of the new coupling reagent COMU was found to be the most efficient for creation of the tertiary benzamide bonds. The cis/trans isomerism of arylopeptoid backbones was studied by NMR and was found to be highly dependent on the nature of the side chains. Increasing bulkiness of theside chains favored the cis amide bond conformation; arylopeptoids possessing tert‐butyl side chains contained exclusively cis amide bonds.
A Porphyrin with Two Coordination Sites: The Biquinoline Ligand as a New Potential External Chelate
Authors: Jeandon Christophe , Ruppert Romain 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA highly symmetrical doubly fused porphyrin was obtained after two successive intramolecular cyclizations.1 The first supplementary ring was closed by using the Cadogan reaction, involving the generation of an intermediate nitrene from the starting nitro function. By trying to use the same methodology for the second ring closure, we found that the Cadogan reaction could be used but that cyclization yields remained low. We showed, by taking into account unusual mass spectroscopy results, that the cyclization of the nitro functionality with the neighboring meso‐phenyl took place in the absence of the oxygen abstracting phosphite used by Cadogan. The bis‐biquinolino‐fused porphyrin, bearing an internal and an external coordination site, was obtained in very good yield and showed strong absorbance between 700 and 800 nm.
Progress in Metathesis Through Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Prunet Joëlle 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis article covers case studies in natural product syntheses with comments on various aspects of metathesis reactions and on how the difficulties encountered in these syntheses have led to better understanding of these reactions or to more effective reaction conditions and catalysts. Ring‐closingmetathesis leading to small and medium‐sized rings is discussed, followed by macrocycle formation, asymmetric ring‐closing metathesis, and cross metathesis.
Is gossip power? The inverse relationships between gossip, power, and likability
Authors: Farley Sally D. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDespite widespread conjecture regarding the functions and consequences of gossip, little empirical attention has investigated how gossipers are perceived by others. In the present study, 128 individuals were asked to think about a person who either frequently or rarely discussed others while not in their presence. Gender of the target and valence of the gossip were also manipulated. High‐frequency gossipers were perceived as less powerful and were liked less than low‐frequency gossipers, and those who gossiped negatively were liked less than those who gossiped positively. High‐frequency negative gossipers emerged as the least powerful and least likable targets. These results are discussed in relation to the transfer of attitudes recursively effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complimentary roles of the hippocampus and retrosplenial cortex in behavioral context discrimination
Authors: Smith David M. , Barredo Jennifer , Mizumori Sheri J.Y. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractComplex cognitive functions, such as learning and memory, arise from the interaction of multiple brain regions that comprise functional circuits and different components of these circuits make unique contributions to learning. The hippocampus and the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) are anatomically interconnected and both regions are involved in learning and memory. Previous studies indicate that the hippocampus exhibits unique firing patterns for different contexts and that RSC neurons selectively respond to cues that predict reinforcement or the need for a behavioral response, suggesting a hippocampal role in encoding contexts and an RSC role in encoding behaviorally significant cues. To test this, we simultaneously recorded hippocampal and RSC neuronal activity as rats learned to discriminate two behavioral contexts. The rats learned to approach the east arm of a plus maze for reward during the first half of each session and to approach the west arm during the second half. The “go east” and “go west” conditions constitute distinct behavioral contexts, which were cued by the reward location. Neurons in both regions developed highly context‐specific responses as subjects learned to discriminate the contexts, but the response patterns differed in the two brain regions. Consistent with a context processing role, hippocampal neurons developed context‐specific responses to a variety of task stimuli and events. In contrast, RSC neurons only developed context‐specific responses to the reward location, which served as the context identifying cue. These results suggest that the hippocampus and RSC play distinct, but complimentary roles in mediating context appropriate memories and behaviors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The differential effects of job design on knowledge workers and manual workers: A quasi‐experimental field study in China
Authors: Yan Ming , Peng Kelly Z. , Francesco Anne Marie 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWhen Taylorism was discarded long ago, job enrichment emerged as a good alternative. Recent research, however, has pointed out the ineffectiveness of job enrichment. This study suggests that both approaches could be effective and looks at job nature as the moderator that can affect how the two approaches are applied. The authors' longitudinal quasi‐experimental field study in China found a significant interaction between worker type (knowledge workers [KWs] versus manual workers [MWs]) and job characteristics on employee outcomes. After enrichment, KWs experienced higher satisfaction and task performance, whereas for MWs, satisfaction and performance declined. This pattern of results suggests that both job enrichment and Taylorism are applicable depending on the job nature. In addition to contributing to job design theory, the present study also explored the unique attributes of KWs and provides practical suggestions as to how human resource managers can better motivate KWs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐commitment HR practices, employee effort, and firm performance: Investigating the effects of HR practices across employee groups within professional services firms
Authors: McClean Elizabeth , Collins Christopher J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this study, the authors examine the relationship between high‐commitment HR practices and firm performance in professional services firms through the mediator of employee effort. In addition, they contribute to the debate in the field of strategic HRM on whether high‐commitment HR practices should be used across all employee groups within a firm. Their study's results show that high‐commitment HR practices positively relate to firm performance through employee effort for two employee groups within professional services firms. Further, they found that the relationship between effort and performance is contingent on the value of the employee group to firm competitive advantage, suggesting that companies may only want to expend the effort and resources on building a high‐commitment HR system for employee groups that are clearly tied to creating firm competitive advantage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tracing groundwater nitrate sources in the Dakar suburban area: an isotopic multi‐tracer approach
Authors: Diédhiou M. , Cissé Faye S. , Diouf O. C. , Faye S. , Faye A. , Re V. , Wohnlich S. , Wisotzky F. , Schulte U. , Maloszewski P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe Dakar region is a mega city with multiple contaminant sources from urban expansion as well as industrial and agricultural activities. The major part of the region is underlain by unconfined sandy aquifer, which is vulnerable to contaminants derived from human land use. At present, the contaminated groundwater which extends over a large area in the suburban zone of Thiaroye poses a threat to the future of this valuable resource, and more specifically, a health threat. This study focuses on nitrate pollution occurrences and associated processes using nitrate isotope data (15NNO3, 18ONO3) combined with environmental isotopic tracers (18O, 2H, and 3H). Samples from 36 wells were collected to determine the level, distribution, and sources of contamination in relation to land use. Results indicate that shallow groundwater in the urbanized area of Thiaroye shows distinct evidence of surface contamination with nitrate as much as 300 mg/l NO3−. In rural area not serviced by water supply distribution network, much higher NO3− contents were found in few wells due to household and livestock feedlots. In most groundwater samples δ15N values ranged from + 10 to + 22‰, indicative of predominantly human and animal wastes. This was confirmed by environmental isotope data which suggest a mixture of polluted recharge waters. By using the dual δ15N vs δ18O as well as δ15N vs NO3− approach, denitrification may occur to some extent but it is blurred by mixing with new infiltrated nitrates and cycling derived from continuous leaky septic system. Results suggest that nitrate contamination of the aquifer is a consequence of unregulated urbanisation (homemade latrines), continuing contaminant transfer in shallow water depth where aerobic conditions prevail. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serial dependence properties in multivariate streamflow simulation with independent decomposition analysis
Authors: Lee Taesam 
Published: May 2011

AbstractStochastic simulation of multivariate hydrologic variables has a key role in evaluating alternative designs and operation rules of hydrologic facilities. The recently developed decomposition analysis, Independent Component Analysis (ICA), allows us to apply the simple univariate time series model to each extracted component by: (1) decomposing multivariate time series into independent components with ICA; (2) modelling and generating each component independently; and (3) mixing the generated components to come back to observational domain. However, we illustrate in the current study that fitting a univariate time series model to each extracted component might end up with the underestimation of the serial dependence that the observation data might contain. A alternative for parameter estimation is suggested to preserve the serial dependence of the observation variable using the relationship between the observation variable and the decomposed variable. The case study of the Upper Colorado River basin shows that some improvement is made through the suggested alternative. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of land surface evapotranspiration over the Heihe River basin based on the revised three‐temperature model
Authors: Luo Xinping , Wang Keli , Jiang Hao , Sun Jia , Zhu Qingliang 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEvaporation and heat transfer mechanisms differ for different types of soils. In this study, Evapotranspiration (ET) models for the bare soil, vegetation land, and the mixed regions were developed based on the Land Surface Energy Balance Theory. Surface energy fluxes and daily ET of the Heihe River Basin were estimated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data and meteorological observation data, including the daily duration time of the sun, air temperature, etc. based on the revised three‐temperature model (3T model), and then the distribution maps of ET were retrieved. Thereafter, Evaporator pan (E‐601) measurements obtained from meteorological observation stations in the study area were chosen to validate the accuracy of the calculated ET. Results showed that the maximum absolute error was 1·70 mm/d, whereas the minimum was 0·05 mm/d, which indicated that the revised 3T model was of adequate accuracy in estimating ET in the study area and could be extended to the regional scale. Also, the spatial distribution of surface ET was different in the upper, middle and lower reaches in the study area and fit with vegetation conditions. On the whole, the ET increased from desert of northeast to mountain of southwest. The results showed that the ET in the study area ranged from 0·06 to 7·00 mm/d, with an average value of 2·43 mm/d, on 2 August 2008. The highest ET values was from the forest or alpine meadow areas in the upper reaches, with more than 4 mm/d, the lowest values was from the Gobi desert in the lower reaches, with below 2 mm/d, and ET of oasis in the middle reaches was not only changed with the crop growth stage and vegetation conditions, but also controlled greatly by human activities, with more than 3·5 mm/d. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forgiveness, depression, and suicidal behavior among a diverse sample of college students
Authors: Hirsch Jameson K. , Webb Jon R. , Jeglic Elizabeth L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractDepression and suicide are significant public health concerns for college‐age young adults. Meaning‐based characteristics, such as forgiveness, a voluntary coping process involving offering, feeling, or seeking a change from negative to positive cognitions, behaviors, and affect toward a transgressor, may buffer such poor mental health outcomes. Utilizing mediation analyses, we examined cross‐sectional associations between forgiveness, depression, and suicidal behavior in a diverse student sample reporting mild to severe depressive symptoms. The effect of self‐forgiveness on suicidal behavior was fully mediated by depression; self‐forgiveness was associated with depression and, in turn, with suicidal behavior. Forgiveness of others was directly associated with suicidal behavior. Prospective research is needed, yet self and other‐forgiveness may be appropriate targets for promotion in suicide prevention efforts. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–11, 2011.
DOES FOREIGN AID REDUCE ENERGY AND CARBON INTENSITIES OF DEVELOPING ECONOMIES?
Authors: Kretschmer Bettina , Hübler Michael , Nunnenkamp Peter 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAdvanced OECD countries are widely held responsible for containing global carbon emissions by providing financial and technical support to developing economies where emissions are increasing most rapidly. It is open to question, however, whether more generous official development assistance would help fight climate change effectively. Empirical evidence on the effects of foreign aid on energy and carbon emission intensities in recipient countries hardly exists. We contribute to closing this gap by considering energy use and carbon emissions as dependent climate‐related variables and the volume and structure of aid as possible determinants. In particular, we assessed the impact of aid that donors classify to be specifically related to energy issues. We performed dynamic panel Generalised Method of Moments and Least Squares Dummy Variable Corrected estimations. We found that aid tends to be effective in reducing the energy intensity of GDP in recipient countries. All the same, the carbon intensity of energy use is hardly affected. Scaling up aid efforts would thus be insufficient to fight climate change beyond improving energy efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in CO2‐saturated NaCl crevice solution containing acetic acid
Authors: Hu Q. , Guo X. , Zhang G. , Dong Z. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of X52 carbon steel electrodes in CO2‐saturated NaCl crevice solution containing HAc was investigated by electrochemical measurements. Chemical environment measurements by Cl− and pH microprobes show an enrichment of Cl− ions and an increase of pH values inside the crevice. Moreover, both increments could accelerate with the decreasing dimension of the crevice mouth due to the high diffusive resistance. When the electrode in the crevice solution is coupled with the electrode in bulk solution, the alkalization and the enrichment of Cl− ions in the crevice solution can result in a negative shift of potential of the electrode in crevice solution, while the potential of the electrode in bulk solution shifts positively during the corrosion process. Thus, a galvanic corrosion is established with the electrode in the crevice solution acting as anode while another in the bulk solution as cathode, i.e., the corrosion in the crevice solution was enhanced while the corrosion in the bulk solution was retarded. The anodic dissolution and the cathodic reduction processes dominate in the crevice solution and in the bulk solution, respectively.
Fabrication and characterization of micro‐arc oxidation (MAO) coatings on Mg‐Li alloy in alkaline polyphosphate electrolytes without and with the addition of K2TiF6
Authors: Song L. , Kou Y. , Song Y. , Shan D. , Zhu G. , Han E.‐H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMicro‐arc oxidation (MAO) has been accomplished on Mg‐Li alloy in alkaline polyphosphate electrolytes without and with the addition of 10 g/L K2TiF6. The surface/cross‐section microstructures of the fabricated coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM); the compositions of the fabricated MAO coatings were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDAX); the corrosion behaviors of bare and MAO coated Mg‐Li alloys were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Novel hybrid MAO coatings which showed hybrid composition of MgF2/Ti2O5/Ti6O11/MgO, as well as hybrid structure of a dense inner layer, a dense outer layer and an intermediate layer with some sealed/semi‐sealed pores, had been fabricated on Mg‐Li alloy in alkaline polyphosphate electrolytes with the addition of K2TiF6. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the fabricated MAO coatings was improved obviously as the result of the addition of K2TiF6 in the electrolytes. Moreover, the multiple roles of ${\rm TiF}_{{\rm 6}}^{{\rm 2}{-} } $ on the MAO process accounted for the fabrication of the corrosion‐resistant hybrid MAO coatings.
Influences of cube texture on etched foil capacitance
Authors: Kuang F. , Li X. F. , Hong T. , Wang X. J. , Ma H. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe influences of aluminum cube texture on etched foil qualities and current efficiency were studied in this paper. The present results indicated that the decrease of cube texture (volume fraction) would lead to the decrease of tunnel densities on etched foils. Current efficiency changed little with cube texture and could reach up to 98%. The same current efficiency led to the same electrochemical corrosion weight loss, which caused the etched foils with a smaller tunnel density had a larger tunnel size. The same electrochemical corrosion weight loss would also lead to the etched foils produced by different cube texture foil have the same folding endurance. The etched foil produced by the foil with a better cube texture would have a larger tunnel density, which caused the capacitance of it was larger.
Modified EPR‐DL method for detection of the spinodal decomposition of 2205 duplex stainless steel
Authors: Stoulil J. , Bystriansky J. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe presented work deals with the possibility of electrochemical detection of the spinodal decomposition of duplex stainless steel's ferritic phase using the modified electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation double loop (EPR‐DL) method. Specimens of FeCr23Ni6Mo3N (2205) steel exposed to the model low‐temperature annealing at 420 °C for up to 1000 h were used in the experiment. The specimens were evaluated using potentiodynamic curves measurements in chloride solutions and microhardness measurements. Despite hardening the ferritic phase for up to 1 h, a substantial drop of resistance to attack by chlorides was reported only after 1000 h of annealing. The modified EPR‐DL method in 2 M HCl + 0.1 M KSCN solution enables sensitive identification of the spinodal decomposition rate already from early stages.
In situ temperature measurement on the metal/oxide/electrolyte interface during the anodizing of aluminum
Authors: Schneider M. , Lämmel C. , Heubner C. , Michaelis A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe temperature development during anodizing processes plays a key role in the case of industrial hard anodizing processes. Commonly, only the bath temperature is controlled; although it is well known that the bath temperature can significantly deviate from the temperature across the interface metal/oxide/electrolyte no investigation is known which shows the temperature deviation in this area. The authors have built a special experimental setup which allows a local temperature measurement across the interface. The results show the possibility of local resolved temperature measurements and the calculation of the heat flow into the metal and the anodizing bath. Based on this knowledge a target control of the current‐voltage‐regime avoids the formation of thermally caused cracks in hard anodized layers.