bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quel marketing pour la fonction documentaire ?
Authors: Muet Florence 
Published: May 2010

Résumé Pourquoi s’emparer des outils du marketing stratégique lorsque l’on est professionnel de l’information documentaire ? En montrant les avantages d’une méthodologie globale qui permet de définir le cadre d’intervention de la fonction documentaire et valorise la coproduction avec l’utilisateur, Florence Muet explique les fondements de ce dossier.
Tendances de la recherche nord-africaine en science de l'information : entre théorie et application
Authors: Gdoura Wahid 
Published: May 2010

Résumé Quelle est la physionomie de la recherche en bibliothéconomie et science de l’information en Afrique du Nord ? Wahid Gdoura étudie dans cet article 1 l’évolution récente et la situation de ce secteur de recherche dans ses rapports avec les mutations de celui de l’information. Après s’être penché sur les conditions et les moyens de la recherche et de la publication scientifiques dans six pays, il analyse les caractéristiques de base de leur production. Le volume de celle-ci est encore modeste, et son contenu est marqué par la prédominance des études appliquées et la relative absence de travaux théoriques et méthodologiques. Des propositions pour développer une recherche théorique nord-africaine concluent cette étude.
Réingénierie de thésaurus : une étude de cas
Authors: Cyrot Catherine , Preuss Christian 
Published: May 2010

Résumé L’objet de cet article 1 est de faire partager l’expérience de réingénierie du thésaurus de l’Agence française de développement (AFD) 2 menée au cours de l’année 2008. Les analyses faites en préalable à ce travail et les conclusions qui en ont été tirées peuvent en effet aider à la réflexion de professionnels d’autres secteurs placés devant les mêmes problématiques, par exemple : selon quels critères choisir entre la création d’un thésaurus et la réutilisation d’un logiciel existant ? Comment utiliser le thésaurus comme passerelle pour échanger entre organismes partenaires du même domaine d’activité ? Quelle utilisation faire du thésaurus, au-delà de l’indexation des références bibliographiques, pour structurer des informations dans la perspective d’une gestion de contenu ? Comment situer le thésaurus dans la famille des référentiels et faire évoluer son utilisation vers des outils du web sémantique ?
Le client au cœur des « stratégies documentaires »
Authors: Melot Agnès 
Published: May 2010

Résumé Chercheurs, étudiants, cadres d’entreprise, journalistes... tous clients ! C’est véritablement une relation de prestataires à clients qu’est devenue celle que les professionnels de l’information et de la documentation entretiennent avec tous les usagers des services et produits qu’ils leur proposent. En ouverture à ce dossier où elle invite ces professionnels à approfondir une relation renouvelée, Agnès Melot présente les trois dimensions retenues ici : médiation, usages, perspectives.
« Mondialisation » et justice criminelle : du défaitisme à l'optimisme
Authors: O’Malley Pat 
Published: May 2010

Les criminologues contemporains sont convaincus que l’époque actuelle est caractérisée par un tournant punitif global, associé à des facteurs tels que la mondialisation, les politiques néolibérales et l’essor des « techniques du risque». Une telle interprétation dessine l’image pessimiste d’un futur pénologique sombre. Cependant, cet article suggère que le tableau est bien plus complexe. Dans des pays comme le Canada et l’Australie par exemple, les tendances repérées aux États-Unis et en Angleterre sont assourdies et complexifiées car le système pénal y a conservé de robustes théories et pratiques de l’Étatprovidence, et les professionnels du social ont constitué des remparts efficaces contre les excès du « tournant punitif». Ainsi, contre ces visions radicales d’une mondialisation punitive, l’article suggère d’être plus attentif aux forces divergentes et aux résistances au sein du système de justice criminelle, telle que la mondialisation « alternative» des politiques de défense des droits humains.
Répression au quotidien et régulation punitive en longue durée le cas de la prison de montréal, 1836-1913
Authors: Fecteau Jean-Marie , Fenchel François , Tremblay Marie-Josée , Trépanier Jean , Cucumel Guy 
Published: May 2010

C’est au XIXe siècle qu’on assiste au déploiement de l’« archipel carcéral», l’enfermement devenant la sanction usuelle pour un registre important d’infractions. La prison commune de Montréal constitue la forme la plus représentative de la régulation punitive mise en place au XIXe siècle, et l’analyse globale sommaire de sa clientèle (infraction, durée de la peine, âge et groupe ethnique) permet de saisir la logique opératoire de cet élément et de la situer dans le temps en termes de continuité et de rupture. Malgré l’existence de transformations quant aux infractions ou types de clientèles depuis sa création, la prison est inscrite de façon stable dans la durée: il s’avère que la prison induit l’immobilité d’un espace répressif ouvert à différentes idéologies.
Appropriation progressive de la culture du dopage dans le cyclisme
Authors: Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa , Brissonneau Christophe 
Published: May 2010

Le but de cette étude est de mieux comprendre comment les cyclistes s’approprient la« culture du dopage » au cours de leur carrière sportive. Le passage dans le milieu professionnel ressort comme un moment-clé dans l’évolution des conduites dopantes. S’il ya une « culture du dopage » dans le milieu professionnel, on peut véritablement parler deculture de prise de compléments alimentaires avant le milieu professionnel. Avec l’évolution du niveau de pratique et le passage dans le milieu professionnel, on observe un glissement progressif de l’utilisation de substances ou méthodes autorisées à interdites, qui seconstruit sous l’influence de cyclistes plus expérimentés.
La peur de la délinquance et du désordre et l'extension des quartiers résidentiels sécurisés en Angleterre
Authors: Blandy Sarah 
Published: May 2010

Cet article traite la question de l’extension, dans le monde entier, des quartiers résidentiels sécurisés et, par rapport aux questions actuelles de la délinquance et du désordre il porte particulièrement son attention sur certains quartiers résidentiels sécurisés enAngleterre. S’appuyant sur une recherche empirique, l’article pose la question de l’efficacité des communautés sécurisées pour lutter contre ces problèmes, et met en évidence lesimplications du développement de ce type d’habitat « fortifié ».
Quartiers sécurisés, perceptions du (dés)ordre socio-spatial et mé(con)fiance envers l'Etat : le cas de la métropole de Lisbonne
Authors: Raposo Rita , Cotta Diogo 
Published: May 2010

Cet article analyse le phénomène des quartiers sécurisés et leur production socio-spatiale. D’abord, on décrit ce phénomène et on établit ses liaisons principales aux « conditions » modernes et postmodernes et à la question politique. Ensuite, on analyse le casspécifique des quartiers sécurisés de la métropole de Lisbonne, et on discute les résultatsd’une enquête sur les perceptions par les résidents des quartiers sécurisés du (dés) ordresocio-spatial (y compris les questions de sécurité et de production d’autres biens publics,du gouvernement, de l’aménagement du territoire, etc.), et leur mé (con) fiance enversl’État pour gérer et résoudre les problèmes potentiels.
Arginase I Suppresses IL-12/IL-23p40–Driven Intestinal Inflammation during Acute Schistosomiasis
Authors: Herbert De’Broski R. , Orekov Tatyana , Roloson Amanda , Ilies Monica , Perkins Charles , O’Brien William , Cederbaum Stephen , Christianson David W. , Zimmermann Nives , Rothenberg Marc E. , Finkelman Fred D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAlternatively activated macrophages prevent lethal intestinal pathology caused by worm ova in mice infected with the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni through mechanisms that are currently unclear. This study demonstrates that arginase I (Arg I), a major product of IL-4– and IL-13–induced alternatively activated macrophages, prevents cachexia, neutrophilia, and endotoxemia during acute schistosomiasis. Specifically, Arg I-positive macrophages promote TGF-β production and Foxp3 expression, suppress Ag-specific T cell proliferation, and limit Th17 differentiation. S. mansoni-infected Arg I-deficient bone marrow chimeras develop a marked accumulation of worm ova within the ileum but impaired fecal egg excretion compared with infected wild-type bone marrow chimeras. Worm ova accumulation in the intestines of Arg I-deficient bone marrow chimeras was associated with intestinal hemorrhage and production of molecules associated with classical macrophage activation (increased production of IL-6, NO, and IL-12/IL-23p40), but whereas inhibition of NO synthase-2 has marginal effects, IL-12/IL-23p40 neutralization abrogates both cachexia and intestinal inflammation and reduces the number of ova within the gut. Thus, macrophage-derived Arg I protects hosts against excessive tissue injury caused by worm eggs during acute schistosomiasis by suppressing IL-12/IL-23p40 production and maintaining the Treg/Th17 balance within the intestinal mucosa.
Human Eosinophils Recognize Endogenous Danger Signal Crystalline Uric Acid and Produce Proinflammatory Cytokines Mediated by Autocrine ATP
Authors: Kobayashi Takehito , Kouzaki Hideaki , Kita Hirohito 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes involved in various inflammatory processes, as well as tissue remodeling and immunoregulation. During inflammation and infection, injured cells and damaged tissues release uric acid and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals as important endogenous danger signals. Uric acid is also implicated in the immunogenic effects of an authentic Th2 adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide. Eosinophils often localize at sites of Th2-type chronic inflammation; therefore, we hypothesized that eosinophils may react to endogenous danger signals. We found that human eosinophils migrate toward soluble uric acid and MSU crystals in a gradient-dependent manner. Eosinophils incubated with MSU crystals, but not those incubated with uric acid solution, produced elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8/CXCL8. Other cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, TNF-α, G-CSF, GM-CSF, fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and TGF-β, were also produced by eosinophils incubated with MSU crystals. Eosinophils exposed to MSU crystals rapidly (i.e., within 1 min of exposure) released ATP into the extracellular milieu. Importantly, this autocrine ATP was necessary for eosinophils to produce cytokines in response to MSU crystals, and P2 nucleotide receptors, in particular P2Y2, are likely involved in this positive feedback loop. Finally, at higher concentrations, MSU crystals promoted P2R-dependent release of a granule protein (eosinophil-derived neurotoxin) and cell death. Thus, human eosinophils may respond to particulate damage-associated endogenous danger signals. These responses by eosinophils to tissue damage may explain the self-perpetuating nature of chronic inflammation in certain human diseases, such as asthma.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RNF5 Targets Virus-Induced Signaling Adaptor for Ubiquitination and Degradation
Authors: Zhong Bo , Zhang Yu , Tan Bo , Liu Tian-Tian , Wang Yan-Yi , Shu Hong-Bing 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Viral infection activates transcription factors, such as NF-κB and IFN regulatory factor 3, which collaborate to induce type I IFNs and elicit innate antiviral response. Virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA) has been identified as a critical adaptor required for virus-triggered induction of type I IFNs. In this study, we showed that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RING-finger protein 5 (RNF5) interacted with VISA at mitochondria in a viral infection-dependent manner. Domain mapping experiments indicated that the C-terminal transmembrane domain of VISA was required for its interaction with RNF5. RNF5 targeted VISA at K362 and K461 for K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation after viral infection, whereas knockdown of RNF5 reversed virus-induced downregulation of VISA at the early phase. These findings suggest that RNF5-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of VISA is one of the mechanisms of the regulation of virus-triggered induction of type I IFNs and cellular antiviral response.
Membrane-Type I Matrix Metalloproteinase-Dependent Regulation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synoviocyte Function
Authors: Sabeh Farideh , Fox David , Weiss Stephen J. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis, the coordinated expansion of the synoviocyte mass is coupled with a pathologic angiogenic response that leads to the destructive remodeling of articular as well as surrounding connective tissues. Although rheumatoid synoviocytes express a multiplicity of proteolytic enzymes, the primary effectors of cartilage, ligament, and tendon damage remain undefined. Herein, we demonstrate that human rheumatoid synoviocytes mobilize the membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), membrane-type I MMP (MT1-MMP), to dissolve and invade type I and type II collagen-rich tissues. Though rheumatoid synoviocytes also express a series of secreted collagenases, these proteinases are ineffective in mediating collagenolytic activity in the presence of physiologic concentrations of plasma- or synovial fluid-derived antiproteinases. Furthermore, MT1-MMP not only directs the tissue-destructive properties of rheumatoid synoviocytes but also controls synoviocyte-initiated angiogenic responses in vivo. Together, these findings indentify MT1-MMP as a master regulator of the pathologic extracellular matrix remodeling that characterizes rheumatoid arthritis as well as the coupled angiogenic response that maintains the aggressive phenotype of the advancing pannus.
Vγ2Vδ2 T Cell Receptor Recognition of Prenyl Pyrophosphates Is Dependent on All CDRs
Authors: Wang Hong , Fang Zhimei , Morita Craig T. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
γδ T cells differ from αβ T cells in the Ags they recognize and their functions in immunity. Although most αβ TCRs recognize peptides presented by MHC class I or II, human γδ T cells expressing Vγ2Vδ2 TCRs recognize nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphates. To define the molecular basis for this recognition, the effect of mutations in the TCR CDR was assessed. Mutations in all CDR loops altered recognition and cover a large footprint. Unlike murine γδ TCR recognition of the MHC class Ib T22 protein, there was no CDR3δ motif required for recognition because only one residue is required. Instead, the length and sequence of CDR3γ was key. Although a prenyl pyrophosphate-binding site was defined by Lys109 in Jγ1.2 and Arg51 in CDR2δ, the area outlined by critical mutations is much larger. These results show that prenyl pyrophosphate recognition is primarily by germline-encoded regions of the γδ TCR, allowing a high proportion of Vγ2Vδ2 TCRs to respond. This underscores its parallels to innate immune receptors. Our results also provide strong evidence for the existence of an Ag-presenting molecule for prenyl pyrophosphates.
Association of Generalized Joint Hypermobility With a History of Glenohumeral Joint Instability
Authors: Cameron Kenneth L. , Duffey Michele L. , DeBerardino Thomas M. , Stoneman Paul D. , Jones Christopher J. , Owens Brett D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractContext:Little is known about the relationship among sex, generalized joint hypermobility, and glenohumeral joint instability.Objective:To examine the relationship among sex, generalized joint hypermobility scores, and a history of glenohumeral joint instability within a young, physically active cohort and to describe the incidence of generalized joint hypermobility within this population.Design:Cross-sectional cohort study.Setting:United States Military Academy at West Point, New York.Patients or Other Participants:Of the 1311 members of the entering freshman class of 2010, 1050 (80%) agreed to participate.Main Outcome Measure(s):Generalized joint hypermobility was assessed using the Beighton Scale. A history of glenohumeral joint instability was identified via a baseline questionnaire.Results:Most participants (78%) had no signs of generalized joint hypermobility. Only 11 volunteers (1.5%) had Beighton Scale scores of 4 or greater. Logistic regression analysis revealed a relationship between generalized joint hypermobility and a history of glenohumeral joint instability (P  =  .023). When sex and race were controlled, those with a total Beighton Scale score of ≥2 were nearly 2.5 times as likely (odds ratio  =  2.48, 95% confidence interval  =  1.19, 5.20, P  =  .016) to have reported a history of glenohumeral joint instability. A relationship was observed between sex and nearly all individual Beighton Scale items. Although women had higher total Beighton Scale scores than men, sex (P  =  .658) and race (P  =  .410) were not related to a history of glenohumeral joint instability when other variables in the model were controlled.Conclusions:In these participants, generalized joint hypermobility and a history of glenohumeral joint instability were associated.
Case series: CT scan in cardiac arrest and imminent cardiogenic shock
Authors: Jana Manisha , Gamanagatti Shivanand Ramachandra , Kumar Atin 
Published: May 2010

AbstractImaging a patient having a cardiac arrest on the examination table is not a common occurrence. Altered hemodynamics resulting from pump failure causes stasis of blood in the dependent organs of the body, which is manifested on imaging by dependent contrast pooling and layering. Often a patient with imminent cardiogenic shock also shows a similar dependent contrast pooling and layering, which is a marker of the worsening clinical condition. We report the contrast-enhanced CT scan features in four cases, two of whom had cardiac arrest during imaging, while the other two developed cardiogenic shock soon after the examination. Dependent contrast pooling and layering were found in all of them, with faint or no opacification of the left cardiac chambers. Contrast pooling was noted in the dependent lumbar veins, hepatic veins, hepatic parenchyma, and the right renal vein, as well as in the dependent part of the IVC and the right heart chambers.
Case report: Stercoral sigmoid colonic perforation with fecal peritonitis
Authors: Sharma Monika , Agrawal Anjali 
Published: May 2010

AbstractChronic constipation can lead to fecal impaction. It can also rarely lead to catastrophic complications like perforation, colonic obstruction, and fecal peritonitis. We report a rare case of stercoral sigmoid colonic perforation with fecal peritonitis and pneumoperitoneum, which was diagnosed on preoperative CT scan.
Zygomatic air cell defect: A panoramic radiographic study of a south Indian population
Authors: Srikanth HS , Patil Karthikeya , Mahima VG 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAims: To determine the prevalence, patterns of occurrence and variations of zygomatic air cell defects (ZACDs) using panoramic radiographs. Methods and Materials: Dental panoramic radiographs of 600 outpatients were examined to evaluate the variations and characteristics of ZACDs. Results: ZACDs were identified in 15 subjects out of 600, giving an overall prevalence of 2.5%. Seven ZACDs were seen in males and eight in females. Among the 15 ZACDs, nine were unilateral and six were bilateral. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of ZACD is relatively low in south Indian population and careful radiographic evaluation is needed to detect these entities.
Migratory intralaryngeal thyroglossal duct cyst
Authors: Karlatti Pradeep D , Nagvekar Swapnil , Lekshmi TP , Kothari Abhay S 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIntralaryngeal thyroglossal duct cysts are rare; a migrating one, rarer still. Such a case may be a cause for confusion and it is important to understand this entity and its typical findings.
Pictorial essay: Distal colostography
Authors: Rahalkar Mukund D , Rahalkar Anand M , Phadke Dilip M 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDistal colostography (DC), also called distal colography or loopography, is an important step in the reparative management of anorectal malformations (ARMs) with imperforate anus, Hirschsprung′s disease (occasionally) and colonic atresia (rarely) in children and obstructive disorders of the distal colon (colitis with stricture, carcinoma or complicated diverticulosis) in adults. It serves to identify/confirm the type of ARM, presence/absence of fistulae, leakage from anastomoses, or patency of the distal colon. We present a pictorial essay of DC in a variety of cases.
Assessment of Enteral Bacteria
Authors: Menozzi Alessandro , Ossiprandi Maria Cristina 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe disruption of intestinal barrier leads to the penetration of noxious luminal compounds into the gut wall, causing further damage. This unit describes the assessment of enteric bacteria translocation into the intestinal wall of rats, an established method for the evaluation of bowel damage to the mucosal epithelial barrier. The Basic Protocol provided in the present unit describes collection and preparation of small intestine sample, performing of sample serial dilutions for bacterial culture, performing of the culture of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria on petri dishes, incubation of the cultured plates, and counting of bacterial colonies. The Support Protocols describes the procedures for the preparation of petri dishes for the culture, using different employable media for aerobes or anaerobes. The Alternate Protocol describes the use of the “inclusion method,” suitable for the culture of anaerobic bacteria. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 44:21.3.1‐21.3.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Assessment of Ischemic Vascular Damage
Authors: Nosál'ová Viera , Sotníková Ruzena 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis protocol describes a model convenient for acute experiments in anesthetized rats, performed by selective occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. Such a model provides a means for assessing the role played by various pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of intestinal ischemic injury. It is especially suitable for studying different treatments, mainly pharmacological ones, to help cope with this problem in clinical practice. In the form of support protocols, this unit includes functional vascular and chemiluminescence studies, determination of vascular permeability and myeloperoxidase activity, transit time, and mortality. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 44:21.4.1‐21.4.21. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Growth and Laboratory Maintenance of Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Martinez Raquel M. , Megli Christina J. , Taylor Ronald K. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractVibrio cholerae is a Gram‐negative enteric pathogen. This unit includes protocols for the growth and maintenance of V. cholerae in the laboratory. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 17:6A.1.1‐6A.1.7. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Growth and Maintenance of Chick Embryo Fibroblasts (CEF)
Authors: Hernandez Raquel , Brown Dennis T. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPrimary cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) are widely used for the cultivation of viruses. Protocols for the growth and maintenance of CEF cells in the laboratory are provided. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 17:A.4I.1‐A.4I.8. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.