bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(080) ADVANCING PRECLINICAL MEDICAL STUDENT EDUCATION: A COMPREHENSIVE CURRICULUM FOR TEACHING SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HISTORY TAKING TO MEDICAL STUDENTS THROUGH MULTIMODAL TEACHING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Polavarapu M , Yee C , Kling J , Parish S , Vegunta S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual and reproductive history taking is a fundamental yet often overlooked aspect of medical education. Most medical schools in North America do not provide adequate sexual health training to students, with 44% of schools lacking a sexual and reproductive health curriculum (1). Moreover, there are currently no national standards across medical schools for training students to take a sexual health history (2). Existing programs vary widely and often consist of limited hours or electives, leaving many medical graduates feeling unprepared (3).

Objective
To develop a multimodal course and standardized curriculum for first-year medical students.

Methods
Through a combination of video presentations, live demonstration, interactive lecture, and Group Observed Structured Clinical Experience (GOSCE) sessions with standardized patients, students were guided in learning and practicing sexual history taking skills. Post-course surveys were sent to all 52 students after completion of the course, with 46 students completing the survey (response rate 88%). Students were asked to rank their knowledge of the course topic on a scale from 1 (not at all knowledgeable) to 5 (extremely knowledgeable) both before and after participating.

Results
On average, there was a significant change in knowledge, regarding navigating sexual health biases and effectively obtaining a sexual history from patients, by 1.2 points after students partook in the course (p &lt; 0.0001). The majority (80%) reported that there was the right amount of lecture and patient interactive learning. Ninety-six percent of students agreed that the course met the learning objectives and indicated they would use what they learned in the course in the future.

Conclusions
After participating in this multimodal sexual health course, students demonstrated an improvement in knowledge and indicated that the course met the learning objectives. These results suggest that multimodal teaching methods may address the gap in sexual health education.

Disclosure
No.
(093) IMPACT OF ENROLLMENT DIAGNOSIS ON EFFICACY ENDPOINTS IN AN EXPLORATORY, PHASE 2B, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL OF SILDENAFIL CREAM, 3.6% FOR THE TREATMENT OF FEMALE SEXUAL AROUSAL DISORDER
Authors: Thurman A , Cornell K , Symonds T , Dart C , Hatheway J , Friend D , Goldstein A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There are no FDA-approved treatments for female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD). Women with FSAD also often have co-existing secondary female sexual dysfunction (FSD) diagnoses.

Objective
Post-hoc subset analysis of the effect of enrollment FSD diagnoses on efficacy of Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% for treatment of FSAD.

Methods
Phase 2b, exploratory, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% among premenopausal women with FSAD (NCT04948151). The change from baseline at week 12 in the arousal sensation (AS) domain (questions 6-9) of the 28-question sexual function questionnaire (SFQ28) was a co-primary efficacy endpoint. Changes from baseline in the mean number of satisfactory sexual experiences (SSEs) was a secondary endpoint. Exploratory efficacy endpoints included the Desire and Orgasm domains of the SFQ28. Enrollment FSD diagnoses were established during a clinical interview with independent experts. A retrospective review was performed of the clinical interviews for the intent-to-treat (ITT) population who completed the study (n=174) and enrollment diagnoses were categorized.

Results
Table 1 shows the breakdown of enrollment diagnoses by product group for the ITT population. Participants with FSAD and pain (n=6) were excluded. Although few women had FSAD as their sole diagnosis, when randomized to Sildenafil Cream, 3.6%, they had the largest mean increases in efficacy variables at week 12. Women with FSAD and secondary HSDD also experienced substantial benefit with Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% at week 12. Women with an enrollment diagnosis of FSAD with secondary FOD had the least benefit from Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% at week 12.

Conclusions
Data from this exploratory trial support the future target populations, including women with FSAD or FSAD with HSDD, will likely benefit the most from Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% treatment.

Disclosure
Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Dare Bioscience and Strategic Science and Technologies LLC.
Clarification: Industry initiated, executed and funded study.
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Dare Bioscience and Strategic Science and Technologies LLC.
(094) MEASURES OF FEMALE SEXUAL DISTRESS IN AN EXPLORATORY, PHASE 2B, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL OF SILDENAFIL CREAM, 3.6% FOR THE TREATMENT OF FEMALE SEXUAL AROUSAL DISORDER
Authors: Thurman A , Cornell K , Symonds T , Dart C , Hatheway J , Friend D , Goldstein A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The diagnosis of female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD) requires that individuals experience clinically significant distress from their symptoms. Pre-trial content validity investigations were conducted by the sponsor to understand how women with FSAD best described their distress associated with this female sexual dysfunction (FSD) diagnosis.

Objective
Responses to the Female Sexual Distress Scale – Desire, Arousal, Orgasm (FSDS-DAO) survey among healthy premenopausal women enrolled in a Phase 2b, exploratory, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% for FSAD treatment (NCT04948151).

Methods
After informed consent, enrollment diagnoses for each participant were established during a one-on-one clinical interview with independent experts. Baseline assessments were measured after a one-month, single-blind, placebo, run-in period. Participants were then randomized to Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% (n=101) versus Placebo (n=99) and used the investigational product (IP) as needed at home for 12 weeks, with monthly in-clinic assessments. The change from baseline at week 12 in question 14 (Q14) of the FSDS-DAO was a co-primary efficacy endpoint. All 15 FSDS-DAO questions begin with “How often did you feel, in the past 30 days” with a Likert score of 0 (Never) to 4 (Always).

Results
Although changes from baseline at week 12 in FSDS-DAO Q14 responses were not different among active versus placebo users in the intent-to-treat population (p=0.84) or the future target population (women with FSAD only or primary FSAD with secondary hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)) (p=0.95), responses to several FSDS-DAO questions, showed reduced sexual distress among Sildenafil Cream, 3.6% users (Table 1). While Q14 asked specifically about concerns with sexual arousal, the other 5 questions asked about generalized sexual distress, using verbiage more congruent with pre-trial content validity investigations. Post-trial psychometric validation studies selected question 5 as the most appropriate for measuring sexual distress among this population.

Conclusions
Data from this exploratory trial support that women with a diagnosis of FSAD only or primary FSAD with secondary HSDD experienced reduced sexual distress after receiving Sildenafil Cream, 3.6%.

Disclosure
Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Dare Bioscience and Strategic Science and Technologies.
Clarification: Industry initiated, executed and funded study.
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Dare Bioscience and Strategic Science and Technologies.
(106) OVARIAN RESERVE AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CYSTECTOMY OF ENDOMETRIOTIC CYSTS AND OTHER BENIGN CYSTS: 36-MONTHS FOLLOW-UP STUDY
Authors: Choi Y S , Cho S , Kim S H , Shin J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There is a growing body of evidence that ovarian cystectomy may negatively impact ovarian reserve. It is unclear whether there are any differences in the long-term effect of ovarian reserve after ovarian cystectomy between women with endometrioma and those with other benign ovarian cysts. Although several studies have shown that AMH reduction is milder in nonendometriotic benign ovarian cysts compared with endometriomas, further studies are necessary because long-term studies are lacking.

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the long-term effects of laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriotic cysts and other benign cysts on ovarian reserve.

Methods
A total of 165 women aged 20-40 years who underwent laparoscopic cystectomy for endometriotic cysts (Endometrioma group, n=96) and other benign cysts (Non-endometrioma group, n=69) were included in this retrospective study. Ovarian reserve was measured by serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and compared before surgery and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery.

Results
Baseline AMH levels were lower in the endometrioma group compared with the non-endometrioma group without statistical significance (4.43±3.52 ng/mL vs. 4.95±3.59 ng/mL; p =0.378). AMH levels of 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery was significantly decreased when compared with preoperative levels in the endometrioma group. Decline of the AMH levels was statistically significant at 6 months and 24 months but not at 12 and 36 months in the non-endometrioma group. There was no further significant decrease in the AMH levels after 6 months of surgery in both groups. Decline of AMH levels at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery from preoperative levels was significantly larger in the endometrioma group compared with the non-endometrioma group.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy reduced ovarian reserve irrespective of the type of cysts. Surgical excision of endometriotic cysts has a more detrimental and persistent damage on ovarian reserve compared with other benign ovarian cysts. After 6 months of surgery, no further significant fall in AMH levels was observed in the 36-month follow-up.

Disclosure
No.
(136) LABIA MINORA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Adetunji A , Perelmuter S , Forer R , Burns R , Donthi S , Negris O , Sarup S , Rubin R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The labia minora (LM) is a part of the external female genitalia that varies greatly in form and appearance, and changes at each developmental stage of a woman. Its highly neurovascular nature and proximity to the clitoris allows it to play a vital role in sexual function. Along with the labia majora, it helps to protect the opening of the urethra and vagina. The perception of a normal LM is dependent on cultural and social context and influences the kinds of procedures that are done on the LM.

Objective
This study aims to comprehensively review labial anatomy, development, pathology, its role in sexual function, perceptions of labial appearance, and labial procedures. The goal is to understand the mechanism and purpose of the evolution of the LM and its effects on anatomical and sexual function.

Methods
We reviewed journal articles from 1988 to 2023 concerning labial anatomy, physiology, pathology, piercings, tattoos, and labial procedures such as labiaplasty, genital mutilation, episiotomies. We also reviewed cultural perceptions of its structure, its role in sexual function and its composition and function in the transgender population.

Results
The LM is highly neurovascular and engorges with blood with sexual stimulation. The structural changes are influenced by hormone levels. Perception of normal appearance varies by cultural and societal norms, influencing procedures performed in the area. Due to the histological composition of the LM, it has many manifestations of dermatological diseases. The LM is also susceptible to infectious, neoplastic, drug-induced, inflammatory, autoimmune and other systemic diseases. Limited information exists on LM piercing and tattoos. The size discrepancies of the LM may cause psychological distress, with conflicting research on its impact on sexual sensitivity or function. Labial procedures such as labiaplasty may enhance sexual satisfaction while female genital mutilation may reduce sexual satisfaction. There is a lack of comprehensive documentation of techniques of LM creation in transgender women and a lack of long-term follow-up studies post-vaginoplasty. The lymphatic structure within the LM is poorly understood, emphasizing the need for further research.

Conclusions
The labia minora is important for arousal and sexual function and its changes over time is dependent on hormone levels. The appearance and structure drive the kinds of labial procedures that are conducted and significantly affects sexual health. There is a need for further studies of the labia minora to understand its complexities and evolution.

Disclosure
No.
(138) ARE WE THERE YET? ASSESSING OUR CURRENT STATE OF SEX MED EDUCATION
Authors: Davenport S , Stump H , Contractor M , MacPhedran S , Kingsberg S , Falsetta M L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual concerns are prevalent, but studies have demonstrated that patients often feel most comfortable if the clinician initiates the conversation. Many patients are hesitant to discuss sexual concerns with their providers for a variety of reasons including fear of judgment, lack of clinician knowledge, and concerns that these issues are abnormal or unusual. Clinician education plays an important role in helping to facilitate these difficult conversations. However, there has never been a broad assessment of education across medical training programs, while the most recent assessment of MD training programs occurred approximately a decade ago.

Objective
We set out to create and administer a survey to assess sexual medicine training across most major medical disciplines where sexual health matters may be discussed, including nurse practitioner, midwifery, physician, and physician assistant training.

Methods
A subcommittee of the ISSWSH Advocacy Committee was formed with members representing the medical disciplines to be surveyed. A survey was developed to gather data on sexual medicine education offered at nursing, midwifery, physician, and physician assistant training programs. The survey included a series of questions regarding content taught during these programs (checklists, open ended responses). The survey was approved by the Wake Forest IRB and distributed using RedCap to various institutions from the above disciplines throughout the United States.

Results
We received a total of 33 complete responses. 88.5% of respondents stated they used traditional lecture as their teaching method, whilst only 11.5% used simulation, and 7.7% used actual mechanical models. The majority of programs that responded spent 3-5 hours total dedicated to human sexuality and sexual function education. Interestingly, respondents noted that faculty involved in sexual medicine education were mostly OB/GYN in background (63%), followed by family medicine (18.5%) and urology (18.5%). While not all respondents indicated that their students were assessed on their knowledge after teaching, it was noted that the majority of programs that did respond indicated that examination was the most common mode of assessment. Only 33% of institutions noted having a regional or nationally recognized expert in the field.

Conclusion
It is essential that the accrediting bodies for medical programs incorporate the input of international societies such as ISSWSH (in collaboration with other sexual medicine organizations) to formulate an official statement and recommendations for a standardized curriculum for sexual medicine.
Vibrant Reading: A Transpacific Poetics of Filipinx American Vernacular Archives
Authors: Lafferty Olivia Anne 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In 2020, my sister, a student of art history, and I gathered vernacular images from family members and other Filipinx American families living in San Diego, California. We curated the images in The Pakinggan Archive, an online archive formed in part as a response to popularized, US colonial images of “primitive“ Filipinxs. Pakinggan offers a platform for narrativizing diasporic Filipinx living in ways that, at times, divert the imperial gaze. Many images, however, still track residues of military empire-predominately via the overt or spectral presence of the US Navy. This article attends to the infiltration of empire into representations of vernacular Filipinx life and memorial practices. Engaging a transpacific critique, I develop vibrant reading as a synesthetic listening method for approaching the photographs as sensorial reliefs-sites where imperial narratives and trajectories of desire both emerge and collide. In theorizing vibrant reading, I first look to Rick Barot’s poetry in The Galleons (2020), which, like Pakinggan, depicts familial life as entangled with empire. Barot’s poem “The Galleons 5” enacts modes of approaching vernacular archives and employs what I call a poetics of polyvocal interference. Second, I attend to the ways the poem and archival photographs evidence what I am terming the tractability of these subjects-rendering Filipinx bodies deployable and readily managed as US imperial subjects. Ultimately, I offer a vibrant reading of the photographs, sounding out their affective landscapes that enunciate desires for retaining relation in proximate, present spaces and for finding familial connection against the backdrop of war.
Understanding the radio luminosity function of star-forming galaxies and its cosmological evolution
Authors: Jose Charles , Chamandy Luke , Shukurov Anvar , Subramanian Kandaswamy , Rodrigues Luiz Felippe S , Baugh Carlton M 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We explore the redshift evolution of the radio luminosity function (RLF) of star-forming galaxies using galform, a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation and a dynamo model of the magnetic field evolving in a galaxy. Assuming energy equipartition between the magnetic field and cosmic rays, we derive the synchrotron luminosity of each sample galaxy. In a model where the turbulent speed is correlated with the star formation rate, the RLF is in fair agreement with observations in the redshift range 0 ≤ z ≤ 2. At larger redshifts, the structure of galaxies, their interstellar matter, and turbulence appear to be rather different from those at z ≲ 2, so that the turbulence and magnetic field models applicable at low redshifts become inadequate. The strong redshift evolution of the RLF at 0 ≤ z ≤ 2 can be attributed to an increased number, at high redshift, of galaxies with large disc volumes and strong magnetic fields. On the other hand, in models where the turbulent speed is a constant or an explicit function of z, the observed redshift evolution of the RLF is poorly captured. The evolution of the interstellar turbulence and outflow parameters appear to be major (but not the only) drivers of the RLF changes. We find that both the small- and large-scale magnetic fields contribute to the RLF but the small-scale field dominates at high redshifts. Polarization observations will therefore be important to distinguish these two components and understand better the evolution of galaxies and their non-thermal constituents.
Mass ratio of binary black holes determined from LIGO/Virgo data restricted to small false alarm rate
Authors: Kinugawa Tomoya , Nakamura Takashi , Nakano Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
We focus on gravitational wave events of binary black hole mergers up to the third observing run with the minimum false alarm rate smaller than $10^{-5}\, {\rm yr}^{-1}$. These events tell us that the mass ratio of two black holes follows $m_2/m_1=0.723$ with the chance probability of 0.00301 per cent for the chirp mass $M_{\rm chirp}\,\gt 18\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. We show that the relation of $m_2/m_1=0.723$ is consistent with the binaries originated from population III stars which are the first stars in the Universe. On the other hand, it is found for $M_{\rm chirp}\,\lt\, 18 \,{\rm M}_{\odot }$ that the mass ratio follows $m_2/m_1=0.601$ with the chance probability of 0.117 per cent if we ignore GW190412 with $m_2/m_1\sim 0.32$. This suggests a different origin from that for $M_{\rm chirp}\ \gt\ 18 \,{\rm M}_{\odot }$.
Photoionization analysis of chemodynamical dwarf galaxies simulations. II. Detailed calculation of diffuse ionizing radiation
Authors: Melekh B , Buhajenko O , Koshmak I 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Active star formation in dwarf galaxies shapes the morphology of the surrounding nebular environment and ensures the non-uniformity of the chemical elements spatial distribution in it due to the superwind region expansion. Ionizing radiation within the nebular gas produces observed emission lines used for modelling and diagnostics. We introduce a multicomponent photoionization modelling (MPhM) approach that incorporates detailed calculation of diffuse ionizing radiation (DCDIR) based on chemodynamical simulations (ChDSs). Our models aim to replicate crucial emission line intensity ratios within the observed range, employing a thin dense shell between the superwind region and the outer nebular environment to address ChDSs resolution limitations, which render them insensitive to the presence of a superwind shock. MPhM-generated emission line spectra within a small central synthetic aperture and a thin long-slit exhibit excellent agreement with observations, confirming the accuracy of the ionization structure of the nebular environment obtained using the MPhM + DCDIR approach. However, the outward-only approximation fails to reproduce the dwarf galaxies ionization structure. We determined the oxygen abundance using the $T_e$- and $R_{23}$-methods based on emission lines from MPhM + DCDIR. The resulting abundances align well with values obtained by averaging over the ‘observed’ volume within synthetic apertures, weighted by mass. The escape fraction of ionizing photons from the dwarf galaxy was found to be larger than that obtained using the outward-only approximation. Employing Kennicutt’s calibration corrected for near-UV data, the star formation rate (SFR) was calculated using the ${\rm H}\,\alpha$ luminosity from MPhM + DCDIR. The resulting SFR value is nearly 33 per cent higher than the true one.
[O iii] emission in z ≈ 2 quasars with and without broad absorption lines
Authors: Temple Matthew J , Rankine Amy L , Banerji Manda , Hennawi Joseph F , Hewett Paul C , Matthews James H , Nanni Riccardo , Ricci Claudio , Richards Gordon T 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Understanding the links between different phases of outflows from active galactic nuclei is a key goal in extragalactic astrophysics. Here, we compare [O iii] $\lambda \lambda$4960, 5008 outflow signatures in quasars with and without broad absorption lines (BALs), aiming to test how the broad absorption troughs seen in the rest-frame ultraviolet are linked to the narrow line region outflows seen in the rest-frame optical. We present new near-infrared spectra from Magellan/FIRE that cover [O iii] in 12 quasars with $2.1\lt z\lt 2.3$, selected to have strong outflow signatures in C iv$\lambda$1550. Combining with data from the literature, we build a sample of 73 BAL, 115 miniBAL, and 125 non-BAL quasars with $1.5\lt z\lt 2.6$. The strength and velocity width of [O iii] correlate strongly with the C iv emission properties, but no significant difference is seen in the [O iii] emission-line properties between the BALs, non-BALs, and miniBALs once the dependence on C iv emission is taken into account. A weak correlation is observed between the velocities of C iv BALs and [O iii] emission, which is accounted for by the fact that both outflow signatures correlate with the underlying C iv emission properties. Our results add to the growing evidence that BALs and non-BALs are drawn from the same parent population and are consistent with a scenario wherein BAL troughs are intermittent tracers of persistent quasar outflows, with a part of such outflow becoming optically thick along our line of sight for sporadic periods of time within which BALs are observed.