bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Way to Assemble ZnS Nanobelts as Ultraviolet‐Light Sensors with Enhanced Photocurrent and Stability
Authors: Fang Xiaosheng , Bando Yoshio , Liao Meiyong , Zhai Tianyou , Gautam Ujjal K. , Li Liang , Koide Yasuo , Golberg Dmitri 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough there has been significant progress in the fabrication and performance optimization of one‐dimensional nanostructure‐based photodetectors, it is still a challenge to develop an effective and low‐cost device with high performance characteristics, such as a high photocurrent/dark‐current ratio, photocurrent stability, and fast time response. Herein an efficient and low‐cost method to achieve high‐performance ‘visible‐blind’ microscale ZnS nanobelt‐based ultraviolet (UV)‐light sensors without using a lithography technique, by increasing the nanobelt surface areas exposed to light, is reported. The devices exhibit about 750 times enhancement of a photocurrent compared with individual nanobelt‐based sensors and an ultrafast time response. The photocurrent stability and time response to UV‐light do not change significantly when a channel distance is altered from 2 to 100 µm or the sensor environment changes from air to vacuum and different measurement temperatures (60 and 150 °C). The photoelectrical behaviors can be recovered well after returning the measurement conditions to air and room temperature again. The low cost and high performance of the resultant ZnS nanobelt photodetectors guarantee their highest potential for visible‐blind UV‐light sensors working in the UV‐A band.
Recyclable Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts in Pure Water: Sustainable Developments in Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira and Tsuji–Trost Reactions
Authors: Lamblin Marc , Nassar‐Hardy Luma , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille , Fouquet Eric , Felpin François‐Xavier 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis review summarizes the progress made essentially these last ten years on heterogeneous palladium catalysis in pure water. The work covers four important palladium‐catalyzed transformations for carbon‐carbon bond formation: Suzuki, Heck, Sonogashira and Tsuji–Trost reactions. The discussion focuses on the efficiency and reusability of the heterogeneous catalysts as well as on the experimental conditions from a sustainable chemistry point of view. The review is introduced by a discussion on mechanistic aspects inherent to heterogeneous catalysis.
Synthetic amphoteric copolymer as a dispersant for aqueous barium titanate slurries
Authors: Chen Lung‐Pin , Chen Wen‐Yi , Hsu Kung‐Chung 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn amphoteric water‐soluble copolymer, i.e., poly(methacrylate‐co‐N‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐N,N‐dimethylglycinate) (PMV) was synthesized and used as a dispersion agent for barium titanate (BaTiO3) (BT) particles. PMV was prepared from methacrylic acid andN‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)‐N,N‐dimethylglycinate in basic conditions through free radical polymerization. The structure of this copolymer was verified by its IR and1H‐NMR spectra. The dispersing effects of PMV were examined and evaluated through viscosity and sedimentation measurements. The results indicate that this copolymer could uniformly disperse the particles, make the resulting suspensions less viscous and more stabilized. The dispersing ability of PMV is better than that of a commercial dispersant, ammonium polymethacrylate (PMAAN). Accordingly, the BT compacts with PMV exhibit higher dielectric constant values than those with PMAAN. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Thermosensitive PCL‐PEG‐PCL hydrogels: Synthesis, characterization, and delivery of proteins
Authors: Ma Guilei , Miao Bolong , Song Cunxian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work, a biodegradable and injectable in situ gel‐forming controlled drug delivery system based on thermosensitive poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐PEG‐PCL) hydrogels was studied. A series of PCL‐PEG‐PCL triblock copolymers were synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermosensitivity of the PCL‐PEG‐PCL triblock copolymers was tested using the tube inversion method. The in vitro release behaviors of two model proteins, including bovine serum albumin (BSA) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), from PCL‐PEG‐PCL hydrogels were studied in detail. The in vivo gel formation and degradation of the PCL‐PEG‐PCL triblock copolymers were also investigated in this study. The results showed that aqueous solutions of the synthesized PCL‐PEG‐PCL copolymers can form in situ gel rapidly after injection under physiological conditions. The PCL‐PEG‐PCL hydrogels showed the ability to control the release of incorporated BSA and HRP. The released HRP was confirmed to conserve its biological activity by specific enzymatic activity assay. The in vivo gel formation and degradation studies indicated that PCL‐PEG‐PCL copolymers hydrogels can sustain at least 45 days by subcutaneous injection. Therefore, owing to great thermosensitivity and biodegradability of these copolymers, PCL‐PEG‐PCL copolymers hydrogels show promise as an in situ gel‐forming controlled drug delivery system for therapeutic proteins. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Modeling of diffusion‐controlled reactions in free radical solution and bulk polymerization: Model validation by DSC experiments
Authors: Achilias Dimitris S. , Verros George D. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this work, a detailed experimental study of diffusion‐controlled reactions in free radical polymerization by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out. The systems studied include the methyl methacrylate bulk polymerization as well as the solution and the bulk polymerization of vinyl acetate at a wide range of experimental conditions including initial initiator concentration, reaction temperature, and type and amount of solvent. The conversion data obtained by DSC was successfully simulated by using a mathematical model based on sound principles such as the free volume theory. The estimated parameters, by fitting predictions of this model to conversion data obtained by DSC were found to be in close agreement with the reported parameters in the literature, thus validating both the experimental and theoretical methods used in this work. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Conductivity and piezoresistivity of conductive carbon black filled polymer composite
Authors: Wang Peng , Ding Tianhuai 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDispersing conductive carbon black (CCB) particles into silicone rubber (SR), we studied the conductivity and piezoresistivity of particles filled polymer composite. The experimental results show that the conductive percolation threshold and shape exponent of composite are effected on by filler's size and reduce with filler's size decreasing. The electrical resistance and Young's model of composite have different critical filler volume fraction to fall or increase. The compressing deformation is the main reason of the piezoresistivity of composite, but the piezoresistivity is more obvious when particles have larger size or polymer matrix has smaller Young's Model. A research was done to explain the piezoresistivity through comparing CCB/SR with CCB/high density polythene (HDP). The other interesting find is that the electrical resistance of composite decreases with time under an invariant load, showing “electrical resistance creep” behavior, which is due to the composite's compressing strain creep under uniaxial pressure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis, thermal degradation, and flame retardance of novel triazine ring‐containing macromolecules for intumescent flame retardant polypropylene
Authors: Dai Jinfeng , Li Bin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTwo novel triazine ring‐containing macromolecules, designated as charring‐foaming agent 1 (CFA1) and charring‐foaming agent 2 (CFA2), were synthesized by a series of polycondensation reactions. Their chemical structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C solid‐state NMR), and elemental analysis, and their thermal degradation properties were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA data revealed that CFA1 and CFA2 show high thermal stability and have a high propensity for char formation, their initial decomposition temperatures being 300.2°C and 287.1°C, and their char residues at 800°C amounting to 32.2 wt % and 21.1 wt %, respectively. CFA1 presents higher thermal stability and more char residue than CFA2. Based on experimental results of the flame retardancy (limiting oxygen indices values and UL‐94 V‐0 rating) and the TG data of new intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (IFR‐PP) containing CFA1 and CFA2, CFA1 exhibits more outstanding intumescent flame retardance than CFA2. IFRs containing CFA1 and CFA2 enhanced Notched Izod Impact strength of IFR‐PP, and slightly lower tensile strength of IFR‐PP. IFR2 shows more advantageous effect on mechanical properties of IFR‐PP than IFR1. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Amelioration of collagen‐induced arthritis and immune‐associated bone loss through signaling via estrogen receptor α, and not estrogen receptor β or G protein–coupled receptor 30
Authors: Engdahl Cecilia , Jochems Caroline , Windahl Sara H. , Börjesson Anna E. , Ohlsson Claes , Carlsten Hans , Lagerquist Marie K. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveThe effects of estrogen may be exerted via the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα or ERβ or via the recently proposed transmembrane estrogen receptor G protein–coupled receptor 30 (GPR‐30). The purpose of this study was to elucidate the ER specificity for the ameliorating effects of estrogen on arthritis and bone loss in a model of postmenopausal rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsFemale DBA/1 mice underwent ovariectomy or sham operation, and type II collagen–induced arthritis was induced. Mice were treated subcutaneously 5 days/week with the specific agonists propylpyrazoletriol (PPT; for ERα), diarylpropionitrile (DPN; for ERβ), G1 (for GPR‐30), or with a physiologic dose of estradiol. Clinical arthritis scores were determined continuously. At termination of the study, bone mineral density (BMD) was analyzed, paws were collected for histologic assessment, serum was analyzed for cytokines and markers of bone and cartilage turnover, and bone marrow was subjected to fluorescence‐activated cell sorting.ResultsTreatment with PPT as well as estradiol dramatically decreased the frequency and severity of arthritis. Furthermore, estradiol and PPT treatment resulted in preservation of bone and cartilage, as demonstrated by increased BMD and decreased serum levels of bone resorption markers and cartilage degradation markers, whereas no effect was seen after DPN or G1 treatment.ConclusionIn a well‐established model of postmenopausal RA, ERα, but not ERβ or GPR‐30 signaling, was shown to ameliorate the disease and the associated development of osteoporosis. Since long‐term treatment with estrogen has been associated with significant side effects, increased knowledge about the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of estrogen is useful in the search for novel treatments of postmenopausal RA.
A genome‐wide association study identifies an osteoarthritis susceptibility locus on chromosome 7q22
Authors: Kerkhof Hanneke J. M. , Lories Rik J. , Meulenbelt Ingrid , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Valdes Ana M. , Arp Pascal , Ingvarsson Thorvaldur , Jhamai Mila , Jonsson Helgi , Stolk Lisette , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Zhai Guangju , Zhang Feng , Zhu Yanyan , van der Breggen Ruud , Carr Andrew , Doherty Michael , Doherty Sally , Felson David T. , Gonzalez Antonio , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Hart Deborah J. , Hauksson Valdimar B. , Hofman Albert , Ioannidis John P. A. , Kloppenburg Margreet , Lane Nancy E. , Loughlin John , Luyten Frank P. , Nevitt Michael C. , Parimi Neeta , Pols Huibert A. P. , Rivadeneira Fernando , Slagboom Eline P. , Styrkársdóttir Unnur , Tsezou Aspasia , van de Putte Tom , Zmuda Joseph , Spector Tim D. , Stefansson Kari , Uitterlinden André G. , van Meurs Joyce B. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo identify novel genes involved in osteoarthritis (OA), by means of a genome‐wide association study.MethodsWe tested 500,510 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,341 Dutch Caucasian OA cases and 3,496 Dutch Caucasian controls. SNPs associated with at least 2 OA phenotypes were analyzed in 14,938 OA cases and ∼39,000 controls. Meta‐analyses were performed using the program Comprehensive Meta‐analysis, with P values <1 × 10−7 considered genome‐wide significant.ResultsThe C allele of rs3815148 on chromosome 7q22 (minor allele frequency 23%; intron 12 of the COG5 gene) was associated with a 1.14‐fold increased risk (95% confidence interval 1.09–1.19) of knee and/or hand OA (P = 8 × 10−8) and also with a 30% increased risk of knee OA progression (95% confidence interval 1.03–1.64) (P = 0.03). This SNP is in almost complete linkage disequilibrium with rs3757713 (68 kb upstream of GPR22), which is associated with GPR22 expression levels in lymphoblast cell lines (P = 4 × 10−12). Immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that G protein–coupled receptor protein 22 (GPR22) was absent in normal mouse articular cartilage or synovium. However, GPR22‐positive chondrocytes were found in the upper layers of the articular cartilage of mouse knee joints that were challenged with in vivo papain treatment or methylated bovine serum albumin treatment. GPR22‐positive chondrocyte‐like cells were also found in osteophytes in instability‐induced OA.ConclusionOur findings identify a novel common variant on chromosome 7q22 that influences susceptibility to prevalence and progression of OA. Since the GPR22 gene encodes a G protein–coupled receptor, this is potentially an interesting therapeutic target.
Mortality outcomes in pediatric rheumatology in the US
Authors: Hashkes Philip J. , Wright Bridget M. , Lauer Michael S. , Worley Sarah E. , Tang Anne S. , Roettcher Philip A. , Bowyer Suzanne L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe mortality rates, causes of death, and potential mortality risk factors in pediatric rheumatic diseases in the US.MethodsWe used the Indianapolis Pediatric Rheumatology Disease Registry, which includes 49,023 patients from 62 centers who were newly diagnosed between 1992 and 2001. Identifiers were matched with the Social Security Death Index censored for March 2005. Deaths were confirmed by death certificates, referring physicians, and medical records. Causes of death were derived by chart review or from the death certificate. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined.ResultsAfter excluding patients with malignancy, 110 deaths among 48,885 patients (0.23%) were confirmed. Patients had been followed up for a mean ± SD of 7.9 ± 2.7 years. The SMR of the entire cohort was significantly decreased (0.65 [95% CI 0.53–0.78]), with differences in patients followed up for ≥9 years. The SMR was significantly greater for systemic lupus erythematosus (3.06 [95% CI 1.78–4.90]) and dermatomyositis (2.64 [95% CI 0.86–6.17]) but not for systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (1.8 [95% CI 0.66–3.92]). The SMR was significantly decreased in pain syndromes (0.41 [95% CI 0.21–0.72]). Causes of death were related to the rheumatic diagnosis (including complications) in 39 patients (35%), treatment complications in 11 (10%), non‐natural causes in 25 (23%), background disease in 23 (21%), and were unknown in 12 patients (11%). Rheumatic diagnoses, age at diagnosis, sex, and early use of systemic steroids and methotrexate were significantly associated with the risk of death.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the overall mortality rate for pediatric rheumatic diseases was not increased. Even for the diseases and conditions associated with increased mortality, mortality rates were significantly lower than those reported in previous studies.
Genetic variants and disease‐associated factors contribute to enhanced interferon regulatory factor 5 expression in blood cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Feng Di , Stone Rivka C. , Eloranta Maija‐Leena , Sangster‐Guity Niquiche , Nordmark Gunnel , Sigurdsson Snaevar , Wang Chuan , Alm Gunnar , Syvänen Ann‐Christine , Rönnblom Lars , Barnes Betsy J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveGenetic variants of the interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 5 gene (IRF5) are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The contribution of these variants to IRF‐5 expression in primary blood cells of SLE patients has not been addressed, nor has the role of type I IFNs. The aim of this study was to determine the association between increased IRF‐5 expression and the IRF5 risk haplotype in SLE patients.MethodsIRF‐5 transcript and protein levels in 44 Swedish patients with SLE and 16 healthy controls were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, minigene assay, and flow cytometry. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms rs2004640, rs10954213, and rs10488631 and the CGGGG insertion/deletion were genotyped in these patients. Genotypes of these polymorphisms defined both a common risk haplotype and a common protective haplotype.ResultsIRF‐5 expression and alternative splicing were significantly up‐regulated in SLE patients compared with healthy donors. Enhanced transcript and protein levels were associated with the risk haplotype of IRF5; rs10488631 displayed the only significant independent association that correlated with increased transcription from the noncoding first exon 1C. Minigene experiments demonstrated an important role for rs2004640 and the CGGGG insertion/deletion, along with type I IFNs, in regulating IRF5 expression.ConclusionThis study provides the first formal proof that IRF‐5 expression and alternative splicing are significantly up‐regulated in primary blood cells of patients with SLE. Furthermore, the risk haplotype is associated with enhanced IRF‐5 transcript and protein expression in patients with SLE.
Proteomic analysis by two‐dimensional electrophoresis to identify the normal human chondrocyte proteome stimulated by tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin‐1β
Authors: Cillero‐Pastor Berta , Ruiz‐Romero Cristina , Caramés Beatriz , López‐Armada María J. , Blanco Francisco J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the intracellular proteome of normal human chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and to ascertain differences in the protein expression patterns of these 2 cytokines.MethodsNormal human knee cartilage chondrocytes were incubated for 48 hours without stimulation or stimulated with IL‐1β (5 ng/ml) or with TNFα (10 ng/ml). For each culture condition, protein extracts from 4 normal subjects were pooled and resolved using 2‐dimensional electrophoresis. Protein spots were visualized with Sypro stain, and qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed using PDQuest software. Protein spots were then identified by mass spectrometry, using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization−time‐of‐flight/time‐of‐flight technology.ResultsWe identified 37 spots by mass spectrometry (MS) or by MS/MS, corresponding to 35 different proteins. In IL‐1β–stimulated chondrocytes, IL‐1β was found to modulate 22 proteins, as compared with unstimulated chondrocytes. All of these proteins except connective tissue growth factor (CCND2) were up‐regulated. Proteins involved in cellular metabolism and energy (23%) that were up‐regulated or induced by IL‐1β included nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, long‐chain fatty acid–coenzyme A ligase 4, δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, triosephosphate isomerase, and an isoform of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase. In TNFα‐stimulated chondrocytes, TNFα was found to modulate 20 proteins, as compared with unstimulated chondrocytes. All of these except chitinase 3–like 1 (cartilage glycoprotein 39), proteasome activator complex subunit 2, and G3PDH, were up‐regulated. Eighteen proteins were differently modulated by IL‐1β and TNFα. Of these, 45% were related to metabolism.ConclusionIL‐1β and TNFα induce different profiles of intracellular protein expression in healthy human chondrocytes. Most of the proteins that are differently regulated are proteins that are implicated in the generation of cellular energy and in glycolysis.
Synovial fibroblasts self‐direct multicellular lining architecture and synthetic function in three‐dimensional organ culture
Authors: Kiener Hans P. , Watts Gerald F. M. , Cui Yajun , Wright John , Thornhill Thomas S. , Sköld Markus , Behar Samuel M. , Niederreiter Birgit , Lu Jun , Cernadas Manuela , Coyle Anthony J. , Sims Gary P. , Smolen Josef , Warman Matthew L. , Brenner Michael B. , Lee David M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo define the intrinsic capacity of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) to establish a 3‐dimensional (3‐D) complex synovial lining architecture characterized by the multicellular organization of the compacted synovial lining and the elaboration of synovial fluid constituents.MethodsFLS were cultured in spherical extracellular matrix (ECM) micromasses for 3 weeks. The FLS micromass architecture was assessed histologically and compared with that of dermal fibroblast controls. Lubricin synthesis was measured via immunodetection. Basement membrane matrix and reticular fiber stains were performed to examine ECM organization. Primary human and mouse monocytes were prepared and cocultured with FLS in micromass to investigate cocompaction in the lining architecture. Cytokine stimuli were applied to determine the capacity for inflammatory architecture rearrangement.ResultsFLS, but not dermal fibroblasts, spontaneously formed a compacted lining architecture over 3 weeks in the 3‐D ECM micromass organ cultures. These lining cells produced lubricin. FLS rearranged their surrounding ECM into a complex architecture resembling the synovial lining and supported the survival and cocompaction of monocyte/macrophages in the neo–lining structure. Furthermore, when stimulated by cytokines, FLS lining structures displayed features of the hyperplastic rheumatoid arthritis synovial lining.ConclusionThis 3‐D micromass organ culture method demonstrates that many of the phenotypic characteristics of the normal and the hyperplastic synovial lining in vivo are intrinsic functions of FLS. Moreover, FLS promote survival and cocompaction of primary monocytes in a manner remarkably similar to that of synovial lining macrophages. These findings provide new insight into inherent functions of the FLS lineage and establish a powerful in vitro method for further investigation of this lineage.