bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-Analysis of Neurobehavioral Outcomes in Very Preterm and/or Very Low Birth Weight Children
Authors: Aarnoudse-Moens Cornelieke Sandrine Hanan , Weisglas-Kuperus Nynke , van Goudoever Johannes Bernard , Oosterlaan Jaap 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: Sequelae of academic underachievement, behavioral problems, and poor executive function (EF) have been extensively reported for very preterm (≤33 weeks' gestation) and/or very low birth weight (VLBW) (≤1500 g) children. Great variability in the published results, however, hinders the field in studying underlying dysfunctions and developing intervention strategies. We conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of studies published between 1998 and 2008 on academic achievement, behavioral functioning, and EF with the aim of providing aggregated measures of effect size for these outcome domains.
METHODS: Suitable for inclusion were 14 studies on academic achievement, 9 studies on behavioral problems, and 12 studies on EF, which compared a total of 4125 very preterm and/or VLBW children with 3197 term-born controls. Combined effect sizes for the 3 outcome domains were calculated in terms of Cohen's d. Q-test statistics were performed to test homogeneity among the obtained effect sizes. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the impact of mean birth weight and mean gestational age, as well as the influence of mean age at assessment on the effect sizes for academic achievement, behavioral problems, and EF.
RESULTS: Combined effect sizes show that very preterm and/or VLBW children score 0.60 SD lower on mathematics tests, 0.48 SD on reading tests, and 0.76 SD on spelling tests than term-born peers. Of all behavioral problems stacked, attention problems were most pronounced in very preterm and/or VLBW children, with teacher and parent ratings being 0.43 to 0.59 SD higher than for controls, respectively. Combined effect sizes for parent and teacher ratings of internalizing behavior problems were small (&lt;0.28) and for externalizing behavior problems negligible (&lt;0.09) and not significant. Combined effect sizes for EF revealed a decrement of 0.57 SD for verbal fluency, 0.36 SD for working memory, and 0.49 SD for cognitive flexibility in comparison to controls. Mean age at assessment was not correlated with the strength of the effect sizes. Mathematics and reading performance, parent ratings of internalizing problems, teacher ratings of externalizing behavior, and attention problems, showed strong and positive correlations with mean birth weight and mean gestational age (all r values &gt; 0.51).
CONCLUSIONS: Very preterm and/or VLBW children have moderate-to-severe deficits in academic achievement, attention problems, and internalizing behavioral problems and poor EF, which are adverse outcomes that were strongly correlated to their immaturity at birth. During transition to young adulthood these children continue to lag behind term-born peers.
Incidence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children With Autism: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Ibrahim Samar H. , Voigt Robert G. , Katusic Slavica K. , Weaver Amy L. , Barbaresi William J. 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether children with autism have an increased incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms compared with matched control subjects in a population-based sample.
DESIGN/METHODS: In a previous study including all of the residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged &lt;21 years between 1976 and 1997, we identified 124 children who fulfilled criteria on the basis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, for a research diagnosis of autism. Two matched control subjects were identified for each case subject. Through the Rochester Epidemiology Project, all medical diagnoses, are indexed for computerized retrieval. Gastrointestinal diagnoses before 21 years of age were grouped into 5 categories: (1) constipation; (2) diarrhea; (3) abdominal bloating, discomfort, or irritability; (4) gastroesophageal reflux or vomiting; and (5) feeding issues or food selectivity. The cumulative incidence of each category was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate the risk ratios (case subjects versus control subjects) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS: Subjects were followed to median ages of 18.2 (case subjects) and 18.7 (control subjects) years. Significant differences between autism case and control subjects were identified in the cumulative incidence of constipation (33.9% vs 17.6%) and feeding issues/food selectivity (24.5% vs 16.1). No significant associations were found between autism case status and overall incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms or any other gastrointestinal symptom category.
CONCLUSIONS: As constipation and feeding issues/food selectivity often have a behavioral etiology, data suggest that a neurobehavioral rather than a primary organic gastrointestinal etiology may account for the higher incidence of these gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism.
Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Children Born Small and Large for Gestational Age
Authors: Chiavaroli Valentina , Giannini Cosimo , D'Adamo Ebe , de Giorgis Tommaso , Chiarelli Francesco , Mohn Angelika 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of BW and obesity on oxidative stress and IR in prepubertal SGA and LGA children compared with appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children.
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study comparing oxidative stress and IR in 103 children categorized into 6 groups according to BW (26 SGA, 15 AGA, and 16 LGA normal-weight children) and obesity (15 SGA, 15 AGA, and 16 LGA obese children). Indexes of IR (HOMA-IR, G/I) and the marker of oxidative stress (urinary isoprostanes) were evaluated.
RESULTS: Homeostasis Model Assessment was higher in both normal-weight SGA and LGA children than in normal-weight AGA children (all P ≤ .02). Furthermore, a difference was detected between obese SGA and obese LGA subjects compared with normal-weight SGA (all P ≤ .0007) and LGA (all P ≤ .01) children, respectively. The G/I ratio was lower in the 3 obese groups than normal-weight AGA (all P ≤ .009) and normal-weight SGA children (all P ≤ .02). Furthermore, a difference was detected between obese SGA and obese LGA children compared with normal-weight LGA children (all P ≤ .0002). Isoprostane levels were higher in both normal-weight SGA and LGA children than in normal-weight AGA children (all P ≤ .002). Moreover, both obese SGA and LGA children showed higher levels than obese AGA children (all P ≤ .01) and in comparison to the 3 normal-weight groups (all P ≤ .04).
CONCLUSION: Increased IR and oxidative stress are already present in prepubertal normal-weight SGA and LGA children with a continuous alteration in relation to obesity, suggesting that BW and adiposity represent 2 independent risk factors for degenerative diseases.
Erythropoietin Improved Neurologic Outcomes in Newborns With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Zhu Changlian , Kang Wenqing , Xu Falin , Cheng Xiuyong , Zhang Zhan , Jia Liting , Ji Ling , Guo Xiaoyan , Xiong Hong , Simbruner George , Blomgren Klas , Wang Xiaoyang 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of erythropoietin in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), by using a randomized, prospective study design.METHODS: A total of 167 term infants with moderate/severe HIE were assigned randomly to receive either erythropoietin (N = 83) or conventional treatment (N = 84). Recombinant human erythropoietin, at either 300 U/kg (N = 52) or 500 U/kg (N = 31), was administered every other day for 2 weeks, starting &lt;48 hours after birth. The primary outcome was death or disability. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 18 months of age.RESULTS: Complete outcome data were available for 153 infants. Nine patients dropped out during treatment, and 5 patients were lost to follow-up monitoring. Death or moderate/severe disability occurred for 35 (43.8%) of 80 infants in the control group and 18 (24.6%) of 73 infants in the erythropoietin group (P = .017) at 18 months. The primary outcomes were not different between the 2 erythropoietin doses. Subgroup analyses indicated that erythropoietin improved long-term outcomes only for infants with moderate HIE (P = .001) and not those with severe HIE (P = .227). No negative hematopoietic side effects were observed.CONCLUSION: Repeated, low-dose, recombinant human erythropoietin treatment reduced the risk of disability for infants with moderate HIE, without apparent side effects.
Pedestrian Safety
Authors:   Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention
Published: July 2009

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed August 2013 and May 2019.Each year, approximately 900 pediatric pedestrians younger than 19 years are killed. In addition, 51000 children are injured as pedestrians, and 5300 of them are hospitalized because of their injuries. Parents should be warned that young children often do not have the cognitive, perceptual, and behavioral abilities to negotiate traffic independently. Parents should also be informed about the danger of vehicle back-over injuries to toddlers playing in driveways. Because posttraumatic stress syndrome commonly follows even minor pedestrian injury, pediatricians should screen and refer for this condition as necessary. The American Academy of Pediatrics supports community- and school-based strategies that minimize a child's exposure to traffic, especially to high-speed, high-volume traffic. Furthermore, the American Academy of Pediatrics supports governmental and industry action that would lead to improvements in vehicle design, driver manuals, driver education, and data collection for the purpose of reducing pediatric pedestrian injury.
Forgoing Medically Provided Nutrition and Hydration in Children
Authors: Diekema Douglas S. , Botkin Jeffrey R. ,   Committee on Bioethics
Published: July 2009

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed January 2014 and June 2024.
There is broad consensus that withholding or withdrawing medical interventions is morally permissible when requested by competent patients or, in the case of patients without decision-making capacity, when the interventions no longer confer a benefit to the patient or when the burdens associated with the interventions outweigh the benefits received. The withdrawal or withholding of measures such as attempted resuscitation, ventilators, and critical care medications is common in the terminal care of adults and children. In the case of adults, a consensus has emerged in law and ethics that the medical administration of fluid and nutrition is not fundamentally different from other medical interventions such as use of ventilators; therefore, it can be forgone or withdrawn when a competent adult or legally authorized surrogate requests withdrawal or when the intervention no longer provides a net benefit to the patient. In pediatrics, forgoing or withdrawing medically administered fluids and nutrition has been more controversial because of the inability of children to make autonomous decisions and the emotional power of feeding as a basic element of the care of children. This statement reviews the medical, ethical, and legal issues relevant to the withholding or withdrawing of medically provided fluids and nutrition in children. The American Academy of Pediatrics concludes that the withdrawal of medically administered fluids and nutrition for pediatric patients is ethically acceptable in limited circumstances. Ethics consultation is strongly recommended when particularly difficult or controversial decisions are being considered.
Completion Design, Installation, and Performance—Cannonball Field, Offshore Trinidad
Authors: Healy J. C. , Powers J. T. , Maharaj M. , Ramlogan M. 
Published: July 2009

Summary
The Cannonball field is a one-trillion cubic ft gas-condensate development in offshore Trinidad producing at an initial rate in excess of 800 MMcf/D from three wells. The completion design selected was 7⅝-in. production tubing with an openhole gravel pack (OHGP). The initial well (CAN01) has produced at an initial rate of 320 MMcf/D. The calculated deliverability of this well is 415 MMcf/D. This paper discusses the completion basis of design, detailed engineering assurance of the design, qualification of critical engineered equipment, and actual results.
Metacognition and Performance in the Accounting Classroom
Authors: Schleifer Lydia L. F. , Dull Richard B. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT: Flavell (1976, 232) describes metacognition as: “one's knowledge concerning one's own cognitive processes or anything related to them.” Metacognition has been characterized as “thinking about thinking” (Georghiades 2004), “thinking about learning” (Jackson 2004), “learning about learning” (Case et al. 2001), “knowing about learning” (Meyer 2004), “knowledge about knowledge” (Yore and Treagust 2006), and “what we know about what we know” (Halpern 1998). Essentially, metacognition involves a self-awareness of how one learns and thinks.
Because metacognition is an important aspect of self-regulated learning, it has potential as a learning skill or attribute that can serve to improve accounting education. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between metacognition and student performance and success in accounting classes. The researchers use data collected over the course of a decade (1995–2004) to examine this association. Students in a variety of accounting courses completed a questionnaire to assess their metacognitive knowledge and self-regulation. The survey results support the conclusion that metacognitive attributes are associated with accounting course achievement.
Geriatric Health Problems in a Rural Community of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Shaila , Shirin Sonia , Mohsena Masuda , Parvin Nargis , Sultana Niru , Sayed Samia , Mahzabeen Rishad , Akter Masuma , Sayeed Abu 
Published: July 2009

This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in some rural communities of Sreepur Thana during the month of April 2007. The study population included those aged 50 years or more and residing in the study areas. A total of 226 respondents were selected purposively and were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. The objective of this study was to assess their socio economic condition and identify their health problems. The mean age of the respondents was found to be 62 years. Mean family size and monthly family income was estimated to be 5.31 and Taka 5857.52 respectively. More than half (64.2%) of the respondents were illiterate. Fifty eight percent of them were unemployed and 67.3% were found to be dependent on their family members. Most of them (65.5%) were found to be suffering from joint pains. Some cardio-respiratory problems like palpitation, dyspnea and chest pain was found to be significantly higher among the female respondents (p<0.03). ECG was done on 22 of them. Left ventricular hypertrophy was detected in 22.7% and ischemic heart disease in 27.27% of them. Systolic hypertension was significantly higher in the females (p<0.01). Majority of the respondents (64.5%) were found to have a normal fasting blood sugar level. Symptoms of prostatic enlargement like frequency, urgency, hesitation and post void dribbling of urine was respectively found to be present among 15.9, 62.8, 10.7 and 24.8% of the male respondents. In 11.4% of the female respondents, urinary dribbling was found. The mean age of menopause was estimated to be 48.46 years. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(2): 17-20 Key Words: Geriatric problems, old age, community health, RFST. doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i2.2900
Health Attainment in Bangladesh as Reflected by Selected Performance Indicators: A Review of Evidence
Authors: Molla Azaher Ali 
Published: July 2009

Health Performance Indicators are often utilized as tools for assessing and evaluating the success of different national health programs in achieving their desired outcomes in the health sector. This review article aims to show the trends in health improvement in Bangladesh. The indicators selected are Life expectancy at Birth, Crude Birth and Death Rates, Infant Mortality Rate, Maternal Mortality Ratio and Prevalence of Low Birth Weight. Life Expectancy at Birth shows an increasing trend for both sexes; where as all the four mortality indicators show a declining trend. The trend in Low Birth Weight Prevalence suggests that the desired decline in this field has not yet been achieved and continues as a public health problem. The overall picture suggests that Bangladesh has gone far to achieve the targets of MDG although a lot of formidable challenges are yet to be met. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(2): 21-24 Key Words: Performance indicators, health attainment. doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i2.2905
Heptoblastoma as a Rare Cause of Precocious Puberty
Authors: Taher Md Abu , Fattah AHM Abdul , Khandker Dilruba , Mohiuddin Abu Saleh , Rahman Md Mahfuzar , Islam AKSM Shahidul , Ahmed Akhtar Uddin 
Published: July 2009

A 15-month old boy presented with an abdominal swelling and early development of secondary sexual characteristics for the last 5 months. The mass was initially suspected to be of adrenal origin. Radiological and biochemical (hormonal) findings diagnosed the case to be a hepatoblastoma later confirmed by histopathological examination. Hepatoblastoma, an aggressive primary liver tumor, is a rare form of childhood malignancy and a rare cause of precocious puberty compared to the more common adrenal causes including congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal tumors and the testicular tumors. Thus, when virilization occurs postnatally in boys, or girls presenting with ambiguous genitalia at birth, a virilizing adrenocortical tumor is usually given the first consideration (according to its frequency of incidence), followed by CNS causes. Rarely does one think of the other possibilities. This report describes the typical presentations and clinical features of hepatoblastoma highlighting its usual radiological features. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2007; 1(2): 28-32 Key Words: Hepatoblastoma, precocious puberty, imaging features. doi: 10.3329/imcj.v1i2.2907
Supply-Side Effect of Health Care Facilities on Productivity Amongst the Female Workers in the Readymade Garment Sector
Authors: Haque Md Aminul , Begum Housne Ara , Fahmida Homayra 
Published: July 2009

This study was conducted in 4 selected garment factories within Dhaka city. The objectives of this study were to find out health care access (Supply-side effect) in the garments factory for the women workers and their relation to the productivity. A total of 300 women garment workers were included in this study. Most (60.0%) of the respondents were adolescents, unmarried and having only primary level education (5 years of school education). Their average take home monthly salary was 1791.7 taka which was spent mostly on food. They passed a tight work schedule from 6 AM to 11.30 PM without any rest. Hundred percent of female workers had no previous idea about garments nor had any formal training, but they produced on an average 1016 garment pieces a day. They did not get any vaccine, health education or health related knowledge from the garments factory. There was no provision of health care centre or doctor, treatment for fire burn (other than gas), medicine and support in chronic, severe illness for themselves or their family members. More than half (63.0%) of the respondents mentioned about loss of time due to illness. There was a strong correlation (r=0.858) between sickness and production loss, between hour loss and production loss (r=0.9283), between production loss and percentage loss (r=0.871). Though there was loss due to illness, no health access or facility for women workers in the garments factory was available. To overcome the situation and improve the productivity, owners have to provide health access and women workers have to come forward for their rights. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2008; 2(1): 4-8 Key words: health care, supply-side effect, access, productivity. doi: 10.3329/imcj.v2i1.2923
Socio-Cultural Determinants of Contraceptive Use among Rural Women Aged 15-29 Years from Marriage to First Live Birth
Authors: Sayem Amir Mohammad , Begum Housne Ara 
Published: July 2009

Contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) is lower while the fertility is higher among rural married women aged 15-29 in Bangladesh. Thus, this comparative study attempted to identify the socioeconomic and cultural determinants of contraceptive use in different rural settings. In this primary data based cross sectional study, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to women aged 15-29 years in two rural areas who had at least one live birth on/before 20 December, 2006. The study areas were identified by multi-stage random sampling technique. Results showed that CPR was slightly higher in Dariadaulat (43.4%) than that of Chardigoldi union (41.6%) while the mean duration of use was slightly higher in Chardigoldi compared to Dariadaulat (5.04 v. 4.59 mo). Regression model for Dariadaulat (38.7% with P<0.001) better explained the use of contraception than that of Chardigoldi (30.0% with P<0.001). Among the determinants in Dariadaulat the most explanatory variable was mass media exposure (15.8%) while it was desired number of children in Chardigoldi (12.6%). Among others, joint decision of using contraception, familiarity with contraceptives before marriage, desired number of children, electricity, family interference and family size were found to have significant impact in Dariadaulat. On the other hand, the other explanatory variables in Chardigoldi were joint decision of using contraception, family interference and familiarity with contraceptives before marriage and age at present. It may be concluded that the CPR is markedly low in rural communities. The lack of accessibility to mass media, lack of joint decision with husband, premarital unawareness regarding contraceptive use, lack of post-marital planning and family interference are major contributory factors for the low CPR in the study population. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2008; 2(2): 49-54 Key Words: Determinants, contraceptive use, marriage, first live birth, rural women doi: 10.3329/imcj.v2i2.2937
Does 'Honeymoon Period' Exist in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?
Authors: Ashrafuzzaman SM , Latifd Zafar A 
Published: July 2009

Temporary remission of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occurs following initiation of insulin therapy. This period of temporary remission without insulin therapy is called ‘honeymoon period'. But no such temporary remission usually occurs in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We report here two cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus where such honey moon period was observed. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2008; 2(2): 67-69 Key words: Diabetes Mellitus doi: 10.3329/imcj.v2i2.2942
Conicity Index of Adult Bangladeshi Population and their Socio-Demographic Characteristics
Authors: Flora Meerjady Sabrina , Mascie-Taylor CGN , Rahman Mahmudur 
Published: July 2009

In spite of acknowledged importance, no unified definition exists for central obesity. Several anthropometric indexes such as waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, conicity index etc, are being used. Cindex has been shown to correlate well with various cardiovascular risk factors associated with visceral fat accumulation in some population. Data were collected through interviewing and measuring 22,995 adult males and females of an urban (Mirpur, Dhaka City) and rural area (Kaliganj sub-district) in 2002 and 2003. Overall the mean (SD) conicity index was 1.20 (0.10) and 40.8% of this sample had a high Cindex. Females, increasing age, urban residents, Christians, the better educated, married and farmers were more likely to have higher Cindex than their counterparts. There is a scarcity of data about the conicity index of Bangladeshis and this cross-sectional study is the first large-scale attempt. So it can be used as a baseline data for further research in this field. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(1): 1-8 Key words: Conicity index, socio-demography, Bangladeshi doi: 10.3329/imcj.v3i1.2910