bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blastocyst embryo transfer is the primary determinant for improved outcomes in oocyte donation cycles
Authors: Porat Natalie , Boehnlein Lynn M. , Barker Matthew A. , Kovacs Peter , Lindheim Steven R. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  Using oocyte donation cycles as an ideal model, we sought to compare pregnancy and implantation rates in cleavage stage (day 3) versus blastocyst stage (day 6) embryo transfers (ET); assess the predictive value of blastocyst formation rates based on cleavage cell stage and morphology grade; and evaluate the ability to predict formation of high quality (HQ) blastocysts.Methods:  Ninety three consecutive oocyte donation cycles from July 2003 to August 2005 were retrospectively evaluated and analyzed to determine if either resulted in a cleavage stage (n = 30) or blastocyst (n = 45) ET. The primary outcomes measured pregnancy rates, the percent development of HQ blastocysts based on day 3 embryo status, and the ability to select day 3 embryos suitable for transfer among four blinded evaluators by assessing their day 6 embryo outcome.Results:  Cleavage stage ET resulted in significantly lower pregnancy rates, clinical pregnancy rates, and implantation rates (47% [n = 14/30]; 40% [n = 12/30] and 27 ± 7%) compared to blastocyst stage (82% [n = 37/45]; 73% [n = 33/45] and 64 ± 6% [±SE], P < 0.01). In total, HQ blastocysts resulted from high and good quality day 3 embryos 35% (191/546) and 17% (93/546), respectively. Blinded evaluation revealed at least one, two or all three day 3 embryos were correctly selected for ET on day 6, 97%, 67% and 19%, respectively.Conclusion:  Day 6 ET resulted in significantly better clinical outcomes compared to day 3 ET. While day 3 status is not predictive of blastocyst quality, the selection of at least one day 3 embryo ultimately suitable for blastocyst ET underscores the significance of optimal endometrial receptivity.
Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus acutely emerged during pregnancy
Authors: Yamada Kyoko , Takakuwa Koichi , Takeyama Satoru , Minagawa Shinichi , Morikawa Hiroshi , Matsunaga Masamichi , Tomita Masatoshi , Tanaka Kenichi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA pregnant woman at 32 weeks of gestation was emergently admitted to our hospital with symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and uterine contraction. Cardiotocogram demonstrated a loss of variability and late deceleration in fetal heart rate pattern. Emergency cesarean section was performed, and a male infant weighing 1750 g was born with Apgar scores of 1 at 1 min, and 3 at 5 min after delivery. After cesarean section, the patient developed an acetone breath odor, and blood examination demonstrated remarkable acidemia and an extremely high level of blood glucose. The patient was diagnosed with ketoacidosis with acute onset of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus. Intensive care was applied due to the severe diabetes mellitus conditions. The patient's general condition ameliorated during the postoperative period, although there was a possibility of neurological complications in the infant.
Cardiac hypertrophy of one fetus and selective growth restriction of the other fetus in a monochorionic twin pregnancy
Authors: Kondo Yukiko , Hidaka Nobuhiro , Yumoto Yasuo , Fukushima Kotaro , Tsukimori Kiyomi , Wake Norio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCardiac hypertrophy in the recipient fetus of twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) has been reported previously. We encountered an unusual set of monochorionic twins in which one twin had cardiac hypertrophy without TTTS while the other fetus had selective growth restriction. In this case, the diagnosis of selective growth restriction was made at 17 weeks of gestation, and right ventricular hypertrophy was identified in the co‐twin at 21 weeks; however, no signs of TTTS were observed. At 29 weeks we concluded that the fetal circulation had deteriorated based on echocardiographic findings that included hydrops fetalis and an elevated preload index. Emergency cesarean section was performed. Our experience suggests that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy‐like change in a monochorionic twin pregnancy may arise in settings outside of TTTS, including growth restriction of a co‐twin. We believe our case will assist the discussion surrounding the etiology of cardiac hypertrophy in monochorionic twins.
Skull metastasis from carcinoma of the cervix: A rare case and review of the literature
Authors: Mohanty Asit , Dutta Debnarayan , Das Suman , Samanta Diptirani , Senapati Surendranath 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSkeletal metastasis from carcinoma of the cervix occurs in 0.8–23% of cases. The majority of bone metastases occur either in the long bones or in the vertebrae. Metastasis to distal bones like the skull is rare. Metastasis to bone is commonly associated with advanced stage and poor control of primary disease. We present a rare case of scalp metastasis in a patient with stage IIIB carcinoma of the cervix. The patient had completed radiation therapy treatment resulting in controlled primary disease until she was diagnosed with skull bone metastasis. We present this case because of its rarity and for documentation and discussion.
Fibrous mastopathy: Clinical, imaging, and histopathologic findings of 31 cases
Authors: Pereira Maria Aparecida de Queiroz Freitas , Magalhães Albino Verçosa de , Motta Lucilia Domingues Casulari da , Santos Ana Maria de Souza , Segura Marcos Emanuel de Alcântara , Pereira Camila Freitas , Casulari Luiz Augusto 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to analyze the cases of patients with a histological diagnosis of fibrous mastopathy, diabetic mastopathy, or lymphocytic mastopathy in association with other autoimmune diseases, and to conduct histological and imaging studies as well as follow up of the lesions.Methods:  Thirty‐one patients meeting predetermined histopathological criteria for diabetic mastopathy, fibrous mastopathy, or lymphocytic mastopathy were analyzed for several factors: age at diagnosis; clinical manifestations; parity; breastfeeding; use of sex steroids for hormonal replacement therapy or hormonal contraception; associated diseases; mammographic findings; breast magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound; histological and cytological diagnosis; immunohistochemical and immunophenotyping identification of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes and macrophages, and α‐smooth muscle actin; and follow up.Results:  Fibrous mastopathy was present among diabetic and non‐diabetic patients, patients with autoimmune diseases, and healthy individuals. Relapses were found in one‐quarter of the lesions and spontaneous regression was observed in one case. There was a predominance of T‐lymphocytes over B‐lymphocytes in the fibrous mastopathic lesions (P < 0.001). Macrophages were demonstrated in 95.2% of the lesions. All of the lesions displayed reactivity for α‐smooth muscle actin, a characteristic of myofibroblasts.Conclusions:  Fibrous mastopathy does not occur in diabetic patients only; fibrous mastopathy may also occur in healthy subjects; the lesion is characterized by a higher number of T‐lymphocytes over B‐lymphocytes, the presence of absolute lobular lymphocytic infiltrate, reactivity for α‐smooth muscle actin, and macrophages. Relapses were found in one‐quarter of the lesions and spontaneous regression was observed in one case.
Cervical insufficiency following cesarean delivery after prolonged second stage of labor: Experiences of two cases
Authors: Koyama Shinsuke , Tomimatsu Takuji , Kanagawa Takeshi , Sawada Kenjiro , Tsutsui Tateki , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCervical insufficiency is a known risk factor for preterm birth and miscarriage. The etiology of cervical insufficiency has not been fully recognized and the association between it and prior cesarean delivery is unknown. We experienced two similar characteristic cases of cervical insufficiency following term cesarean delivery. Interestingly, both cesarean sections were uneventfully performed after the prolonged second stage of labor. Our experience and recent literature strongly support the idea that an unintentional incision into the uterine cervix during a previous cesarean section may cause cervical insufficiency in subsequent pregnancies. It is important for obstetricians to take into account the possible occurrence of cervical insufficiency depending on the circumstances of previous deliveries. Our report highlights the need to alert obstetricians to take more care with their cesarean section technique.
Antiandrogen monotherapy in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: final results from the bicalutamide Early Prostate Cancer programme at a median follow‐up of 9.7 years
Authors: Iversen Peter , McLeod David G. , See William A. , Morris Thomas , Armstrong Jon , Wirth Manfred P. ,   on behalf of the Casodex Early Prostate Cancer Trialists’ Group
Published: March 2010

Study Type – Therapy (RCT) Level of Evidence 1bOBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of bicalutamide 150 mg once‐daily as immediate hormonal therapy in patients with prostate cancer or as adjuvant to radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 8113 patients with localized (T1‐2, N0/Nx) or locally advanced (T3‐4, any N; or any T, N+) prostate cancer (all M0) were enrolled in three complementary, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials. Patients were randomized to receive standard care plus either oral bicalutamide 150 mg once‐daily or oral placebo. Primary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Data were collated from individual trials and evaluated in a combined analysis.RESULTSOverall, at a median follow‐up of 9.7 years, bicalutamide significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.79–0.91; P= 0.001). Compared with placebo there was no difference in OS (hazard ratio 1.01, P= 0.77). Patients who derived benefit from bicalutamide in terms of PFS were those with locally advanced disease, with OS significantly favouring bicalutamide in patients with locally advanced disease undergoing radiotherapy (P= 0.031). Patients with localized disease showed no clinically or statistically significant improvements in PFS; there was a survival trend in favour of placebo in patients with localized disease undergoing watchful waiting (P= 0.054). The overall tolerability of bicalutamide was consistent with previous analyses, with breast pain (73.7%) and gynaecomastia (68.8%) the most frequently reported adverse events in patients randomized to bicalutamide.CONCLUSIONSBicalutamide 150 mg, either as monotherapy or adjuvant to standard care, improved PFS in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer, but not in patients with localized disease. A pre‐planned subset analysis showed a benefit for OS in patients with locally advanced disease undergoing radiotherapy. Bicalutamide 150 mg might represent an alternative for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer considering androgen‐deprivation therapy.
RISK AND MID‐LEVEL MORAL PRINCIPLES
Authors: ESPINOZA NICOLAS , PETERSON MARTIN 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACTWe discuss ethical aspects of risk‐taking with special focus on principlism and mid‐level moral principles. A new distinction between the strength of an obligation and the degree to which it is valid is proposed. We then use this distinction for arguing that, in cases where mid‐level moral principles come into conflict, the moral status of the act under consideration may be indeterminate, in a sense rendered precise in the paper. We apply this thought to issues related to pandemic influenza vaccines. The main conclusion of the paper is that on a principlist approach some acts may be neither right nor wrong (or neither permissible nor impermissible), and we claim that this has important implications for how we ought to make decisions under risk.
Determinants of cross‐border bank acquisitions in transition economies1
Authors: Poghosyan Tigran , De Haan Jakob 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe analyse the microeconomic determinants of cross‐border bank acquisitions in 11 transition economies over the period 1992–2006. We find that foreign banks target relatively large and efficient banks when they enter transition economies with weak institutions. This evidence provides support for the ‘market power’ hypothesis. However, when foreign banks enter more developed transition economies that have made progress in economic reform, they acquire less efficient banks. This result is in line with the efficiency hypothesis. We use a multilevel mixed effects logit model that allows us to explicitly incorporate the macroeconomic and institutional heterogeneity of the transition economies into our analysis.
Nonoccupational HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis: a 10‐year retrospective analysis
Authors: Tissot F , Erard V , Dang T , Cavassini M 
Published: March 2010

BackgroundWe conducted a retrospective analysis of administration of nonoccupational HIV post‐exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) in a single centre where tracing and testing of the source of exposure were carried out systematically over a 10‐year period.MethodsFiles of all nPEP requests between 1998 and 2007 were reviewed. Characteristics of the exposed and source patients, the type of exposure, and clinical and serological outcomes were analysed.ResultsnPEP requests increased by 850% over 10 years. Among 910 events, 58% were heterosexual exposures, 15% homosexual exposures, 6% sexual assaults and 20% nonsexual exposures. In 208 events (23%), the source was reported to be HIV positive. In the remaining cases, active source tracing enabled 298 HIV tests to be performed (42%) and identified 11 HIV infections (3.7%). nPEP was able to be avoided or interrupted in 31% of 910 events when the source tested negative. Of 710 patients who started nPEP, 396 (56%) reported side effects, among whom 39 (5%) had to interrupt treatment. There were two HIV seroconversions, and neither was attributed to nPEP failure.ConclusionsnPEP requests increased over time. HIV testing of the source person avoided nPEP in 31% of events and was therefore paramount in the management of potential HIV exposures. Furthermore, it allowed active screening of populations potentially at risk for undiagnosed HIV infection, as shown by the increased HIV prevalence in these groups (3.7%) compared with a prevalence of 0.3% in Switzerland as a whole.
HIV‐1 drug resistance mutations in children after failure of first‐line nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Puthanakit T , Jourdain G , Hongsiriwon S , Suntarattiwong P , Chokephaibulkit K , Sirisanthana V , Kosalaraksa P , Petdachai W , Hansudewechakul R , Siangphoe U , Suwanlerk T , Ananworanich J ,   on behalf of the HIV‐NAT 086 study team
Published: March 2010

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the prevalence, predictors and patterns of genotypic resistance mutations in children after failure of World Health Organization‐recommended initial nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based treatment regimens.MethodsWe carried out a multicentre retrospective study of genotyping tests performed for all HIV‐infected children at eight paediatric centres in Thailand who experienced failure of NNRTI therapy at a time when virological monitoring was not routinely available.ResultsOne hundred and twenty children were included in the study. Their median age (interquartile range) was 9.1 (6.8–11.0) years, the median duration of their NNRTI regimens was 23.7 (15.7–32.6) months, their median CD4 percentage was 12% (4–20%), and their median plasma HIV RNA at the time of genotype testing was 4.8 (4.3–5.2) log10 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL. The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance mutations found were as follows: 85% of the children had M184V/I, 23% had at least four thymidine analogue mutations, 12% had the Q151M complex, 5% had K65R, and 1% had the 69 insertion. Ninety‐eight per cent of the children had at least one NNRTI resistance mutation, and 48% had etravirine mutation‐weighted scores ≥4. CD4 percentage <15% prior to switching regimens [odds ratio (OR) 5.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02–14.93] and plasma HIV RNA>5 log10 copies/mL (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.04–5.82) were independent predictors of at least four thymidine analogue mutations, the Q151M complex or the 69 insertion.ConclusionsIn settings without routine viral load monitoring, second‐line antiretroviral therapy regimens should be designed assuming that clinical or immunological failure is associated with high rates of multi‐NRTI resistance and NNRTI resistance, including resistance to etravirine.
Primary Care for People with an Intellectual Disability — A Group Practice Survey
Authors: Kerr M. P. , Richards D. , Glover Geraldine 
Published: March 2010

This study describes the process of identification and subsequent examination of the delivery of health care to people with an intellectual disability in a single general practice.The study was undertaken in group practice with a list size of 11,425. Identification through practice and community intellectual disability teams was followed by a note‐based assessment of health promotion and consultation rates. Comparison was made with age‐sex matched non‐disabled controls. A total of 26 individuals with an intellectual disability was identified, 14 male and 12 female, with an age range of 3 to 75 years. Of these 7 (26.9%) were on the local Social Services register. A diverse range of causes of disability was seen. People with an intellectual disability did not differ significantly from controls in terms of consultation rates. They were significantly less likely to have received regular immunisations (chi square = 4.92, df=1, p = 0.027), urine analysis (Fisher's exact test, two tail, p = 0.014)) and cervical cytology (Fisher's exact test, two tail, p = 0.01). They were more likely to have epilepsy (chi square = 8, df = 2, p = 0.02), have had a greater number of outpatient appointments (t = 3.4, df= 50, p = 0.001) and have seen a greater number of specialists (t = 3.65, df = 50, p = 0.001). Only one health gain target baseline could be measured, the name of the key‐worker in notes, this was present in 3 (11.5%) of cases.
Drug Treatment of Depression Associated with Dementia or Presented as ‘Pseudodementia’ in Older Adults with Down Syndrome
Authors: Tsiouris John A. , Patti Paul J. 
Published: March 2010

The response to antidepressant drugs, mainly the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), was evaluated in adults with intellectual disability (ID) and Down syndrome (DS) who presented with depression and decline in activities of daily living (ADL) skills. Among other patients with ID referred to a specialised clinic for diagnostic work‐up, 37 adults with DS over the age of 40 and a mean age of 51.4 years were evaluated and 34 were followed‐up.Depression associated with dementia was diagnosed in 16 cases, and depression presented as functional decline ‘pseudodementia’ was found in four cases.Recommendations for treatment with antidepressants were followed in 10 cases with a marked improvement in functioning compared to a rapid decline in the 10 cases where treatment was refused.Treatment with the SSRIs antidepressant drugs resulted in improved quality of life, differentiated ‘pseudodementia’ from dementia, and possibly delayed the dementing process in adults with DS and presentation of depression associated with dementia.
Workforce Factors for Psychologists in CAMHS in New Zealand
Authors: Lambie Ian , Stewart Malcolm W. 
Published: March 2010

Background:  Recruitment and retention of psychologists for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) is difficult worldwide. This study: 1) identified factors that promote or hinder recruitment and retention of CAMHS psychologists; 2) explored training and its impact on CAMHS as a career choice; and 3) identified strategies to improve recruitment and retention of CAMHS psychologists in New Zealand.Method:  Surveys were undertaken with four New Zealand groups: 1) all registered psychologists; 2) final‐year professional psychology interns; 3) directors for professional psychology training programmes; and 4) psychology professional leaders in the public health system.Result:  Psychologists with more pre‐qualification training in CAMHS were more likely to work in CAMHS. Other psychologists reported they would have more likely worked in CAMHS if they had received more pre‐qualification training. Factors that promote or hinder training, recruitment and retention are discussed.Conclusions:  A range of practical strategies for improving recruitment and retention of psychologists to CAMHS were identified, including particular strategies for psychologists from minority cultures (particularly, Maori and Pacific Island psychologists). While undertaken in New Zealand, many of these findings are relevant internationally.
Rapid brain penetration of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist in rat cerebral ischaemia: pharmacokinetics, distribution, protection
Authors: Greenhalgh AD , Galea J , Dénes A , Tyrrell PJ , Rothwell NJ 
Published: March 2010

Background and purpose:  Limited data on the brain penetration of potential stroke treatments have been cited as a major weakness contributing to numerous failed clinical trials. Thus, we tested whether interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA), established as a potent inhibitor of brain injury in animals and currently in clinical development, reaches the brain via a clinically relevant administration route, in experimental stroke.Experimental approach:  Male, Sprague‐Dawley rats [either naïve or exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo)] were given a single s.c. dose of IL‐1RA (100 mg·kg−1). The pharmacokinetic profile of IL‐1RA was assessed in plasma and CSF up to 24 h post‐administration. Brain tissue distribution of administered IL‐1RA was assessed using immunohistochemistry. In a separate experiment, the neuroprotective effect of the single s.c. dose of IL‐1RA in MCAo was assessed versus a placebo control group.Key results:  A single s.c. dose of IL‐1RA reduced damage caused by MCAo by 33%. This dose resulted in sustained, high concentrations in plasma and CSF, penetrated brain tissue exclusively in areas of blood–brain barrier breakdown and co‐localized with morphologically viable neurones. CSF concentrations did not reflect massive parenchymal infiltration of IL‐1RA in MCAo animals compared to naïve.Conclusions and implications:  These data are the first to show that a potential treatment for stroke, IL‐1RA, rapidly reaches salvageable brain tissue via an administration route that is clinically relevant. This allows confidence that IL‐1RA, as a candidate for further clinical development, is able to confer its protective actions both peripherally and centrally.