bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Least angle regression, relaxed lasso, and elastic net for algebraic multigrid of systems of elliptic partial differential equations
Authors: Lee Barry 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn a sequence of papers, the author examined several statistical affinity measures for selecting the coarse degrees of freedom (CDOFs) or coarse nodes (Cnodes) in algebraic multigrid (AMG) for systems of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs). These measures were applied to a set of relaxed vectors that exposes the problematic error components. Once the CDOFs are determined using any one of these measures, the interpolation operator is constructed in a bootstrap AMG (BAMG) procedure. However, in a recent paper of Kahl and Rottmann, the statistical least angle regression (LARS) method was utilized in the coarsening procedure and shown to be promising in the CDOF selection. This method is generally used in the statistics community to select the most relevant variables in constructing a parsimonious model for a very complicated and high‐dimensional model or data set (i.e., variable selection for a “reduced” model). As pointed out by Kahl and Rottmann, the LARS procedure has the ability to detect group relations between variables, which can be more useful than binary relations that are derived from strength‐of‐connection, or affinity measures, between pairs of variables. Moreover, by using an updated Cholesky factorization approach in the regression computation, the LARS procedure can be performed efficiently even when the original set of variables is large; and due to the LARS formulation itself (i.e., its ‐norm constraint), sparse interpolation operators can be generated. In this article, we extend the LARS coarsening approach to systems of PDEs. Furthermore, we incorporate some modifications to the LARS approach based on the so‐called elastic net and relaxed lasso methods, which are well known and thoroughly analyzed in the statistics community for ameliorating several major issues with LARS as a variable selection procedure. We note that the original LARS coarsening approach may have addressed some of these issues in similar or other ways but due to the limited details provided there, it is difficult to determine the extent of their similarities. Incorporating these modifications (or effecting them in similar ways) leads to improved robustness in the LARS coarsening procedure, and numerical experiments indicate that the changes lead to faster convergence in the multigrid method. Moreover, the relaxed lasso modification permits an indirect BAMG (iBAMG) extension to the interpolation operator. This iBAMG extension applied in an intra‐ or inter‐variable interpolation setting (i.e., nodal‐based coarsening), as well as in variable‐based coarsening, which will not preserve the nodal structure of a finest‐level discretization on the lower levels of the multilevel hierarchy, will be examined. For the variable‐based coarsening, because of the parsimonious feature of LARS, the performance is reasonably good when applied to systems of PDEs albeit at a substantial additional cost over a nodal‐based procedure.
Animal diseases in the southern part of the Carpathian Basin during the medieval period
Authors: Marković Nemanja , Stevanović Oliver , Krstić Nikola , Marinković Darko , Špehar Perica , Rothschild Bruce 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study aims to shed light on animal management influences on the development of pathological changes observed on animal remains from the medieval site of Crkveno Brdo. Animal remains with abnormalities were discovered during archaeological excavations of the medieval settlement at the site of Crkveno Brdo in 2019. The site is situated near Senta in the northern region of modern‐day Serbia. The part of the settlement dated from the 11th to the 15th centuries was excavated. The percentage represented by various mammalian species documents that the most important economic species were cattle and horses, followed by sheep, goats, and pigs. Fishing and hunting were marginal in the settlement subsistence. The analyzed assemblage of bones with lesions consists of 39 specimens with 40 abnormalities. All of the remains exhibiting abnormalities were subjected to macroscopic and stereomicroscope analysis. The specimens with the most prominent changes also underwent x‐ray imaging and histopathological analysis. Almost all lesions were found in domestic animals. The most prevalent lesions in cattle, sheep, goat, and pig were dental and oral pathology, followed by articular abnormalities. In horses, 77% of pathological changes were articular abnormalities, and 11% dental and oral pathology, followed by traumatic lesions and inherited disorders (5.5% each). Congenital morphological variation is represented by a single specimen of horse lumbar vertebra. Pathological alterations were also noted in dogs, as was a severe healed tibiofibular fracture in a frog. Pathological alterations were related to external factors and specifically to patterns of animal management. Dental pathologies in cattle, sheep/goats, and pigs were primary attributed to malnutrition quality; articular abnormalities in horses, similar to aging and environmental factors, most likely work related.
Stakeholders' views on the global guidelines for the sustainable use of non‐native trees
Authors: Novoa Ana , Vimercati Giovanni , Brundu Giuseppe , Richardson David M. , Schaffner Urs , Brunori Antonio , Campagnaro Thomas , Canavan Susan , Celesti‐Grapow Laura , Dechoum Michele , Dehnen‐Schmutz Katharina , Dufour‐Dror Jean‐Marc , Essl Franz , Flory S. Luke , Jäger Heinke , Joshi Jasmin , Karmann Marion , Langdon Barbara , Lapin Katharina , Le Roux Johannes , Lozano Vanessa , Masiero Mauro , Meyerson Laura A. , Nuñez Martin A. , Pauchard Aníbal , Pergl Jan , Porté Annabel J. , Pyšek Petr , Pyšková Jana , Rodriguez Jonatan , Shackleton Ross T. , Silva Joaquim S. , Sitzia Tommaso , Verbrugge Laura , Vítková Michaela , Weldesemaet Yitbarek Tibebe , Westergren Marjana , Wilson John R. U. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

A large number of non‐native trees (NNTs) have been introduced globally and widely planted, contributing significantly to the world's economy. Although some of these species present a limited risk of spreading beyond their planting sites, a growing number of NNTs are spreading and becoming invasive leading to diverse negative impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem functions and human well‐being. To help minimize the negative impacts and maximize the economic benefits of NNTs, Brundu et al. developed eight guidelines for the sustainable use of NNTs globally—the Global Guidelines for the Use of NNTs (GG‐NNTs).

Here, we used an online survey to assess perceptions of key stakeholders towards NNTs, and explore their knowledge of and compliance with the GG‐NNTs.

Our results show that stakeholders are generally aware that NNTs can provide benefits and cause negative impacts, often simultaneously and they consider that their organization complies with existing regulations and voluntary agreements concerning NNTs. However, they are not aware of or do not apply most of the eight recommendations included in the GG‐NNTs.

We conclude that effectively managing invasions linked to NNTs requires both more communication efforts using an array of channels for improving stakeholder awareness and implementation of simple measures to reduce NNT impacts (e.g. via GG‐NNTs), and a deeper understanding of the barriers and reluctance of stakeholders to manage NNT invasions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Benzoyl peroxide encapsulation in poly(urea‐formaldehyde) microcapsules for use in dental materials
Authors: Fadel Victoria Sanches , Furtado Paula Roberta Perondi , Meier Marcia Margarete 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNew self‐healing resin composites with tertiary amine microcapsules enhance the mechanical performance of dental restorations. However, a higher concentration of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) must be added to the composite to react with the core material when the microcapsules rupture, reducing the shelf life of dental materials due to their reactivity. As a result, one approach to reducing the amount of BPO dissolved in dental resin is to microencapsulate it. Thus, this manuscript described the encapsulation of BPO in poly(urea‐formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules (MC) and investigated its effect on the flexural strength of BisGMA/TEGDMA composites. To synthesize hollow MC, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was tested as a continuous phase viscosity modifier. The MC were then infiltrated with BPO dissolved in linseed oil as core materials. PAA in continuous phase increased MC diameter due to improved air bubble stability. BPO dissolved in linseed oil was successfully infiltrated into empty PUF MC, causing the MC shell wall to expand. The dental resin had adequate adhesion to the PUF shell, which ruptured under induced stress. Thus, the MC filled with BPO as a healing agent has the potential to reduce the amount of BPO that is typically dissolved in the monomeric phase of dental materials, which can increase the shelf life of self‐healing dental materials.Highlights
The reactivity of dibenzoyl peroxide (BPO) affects resin stability in dental materials.
When combined with tertiary amines, BPO acts as a healing agent in self‐healing composite materials.
BPO dissolved in linseed oil can be infiltrated in PUF microcapsules and increase its size.
Hollow microcapsules synthesized in a more viscous continuous phase have a larger diameter.
Microencapsulated BPO is released during stress stimuli in dental resin.
Analyzing the influence of diols' chain length on the properties of bio‐based wood adhesive
Authors: Parekh Sonu , Chaudhary Mayankkumar L. , Patel Rutu , Patel Pratik , Gupta Ram K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTraditional adhesives made using urea or phenol formaldehyde are toxic to humans and the environment, and as a result, the industry is very interested in developing bio‐based adhesives. Polyurethane (PU)‐based adhesives are very attractive due to their strong bonding strength, and thermal and chemical stability. Polyols derived from petrochemicals are one of the most important constituents in PU‐based adhesives. Current trends are to find an alternative for petrochemical‐based polyols without compromising the important characteristics of adhesives. In this research, PU adhesives were prepared using soybean oil‐based polyol and isocyanate. Three different diols such as 1,2‐ethanediol (EDO), 1,4‐butanediol (BDO), and 1,6‐hexanediol (HDO) were used to study the effect of crosslinking, amount of crosslinkers (diols), and diol's chain length on the properties of bio‐based adhesives. The adhesive's lap shear strength using metallic and wood coupons was measured. The BDO‐based bio‐adhesives showed the best bonding strength compared to EDO and HDO adhesives. The mechanical strength was observed to be increasing with an increase in the amount of diols up to a certain concentration and then started decreasing. On the oakwood, the bonding strength was increased from 3 to 6.36 MPa after incorporating 10 wt% of BDO which was the highest bonding strength observed among all the other adhesives. The thermal and chemical stability of these adhesives were also studied. Structural characterization confirms no significant changes after being immersed in different solvents for 24 h. This work introduces a sustainable alternative to petroleum‐based adhesives using polyols from vegetable oil.Highlights
Soybean oil‐based polyol was used for adhesives.
1,2‐Ethanediol, 1,4‐butanediol, and 1,6‐hexanediol were used as crosslinkers.
The bonding strength was measured using wood and metallic coupons.
The bonding strength was observed to be increasing with an increase in the amount of diols.
The highest bonding strength of 6.36 MPa was observed.
Quantum Nonlinear Spectroscopy via Correlations of Weak Faraday‐Rotation Measurements
Authors: Cheung Brian Chung Hang , Liu Ren‐Bao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe correlations of fluctuations are key to studying fundamental quantum physics and quantum many‐body dynamics. They are also useful information for understanding and combating decoherence in quantum technology. Nonlinear spectroscopy and noise spectroscopy are powerful tools to characterize fluctuations, but they can access only very few among the many types of higher‐order correlations. A systematic quantum sensing approach, called quantum nonlinear spectroscopy (QNS), is recently proposed for extracting arbitrary types and orders of time‐ordered correlations, using sequential weak measurement via a spin quantum sensor. However, the requirement of a central spin as the quantum sensor limits the versatility of the QNS since usually a central spin interacts only with a small number of particles in proximity and the measurement of single spins needs stringent conditions. Here, the aim is to employ the polarization (a pseudo‐spin) of a coherent light beam as a quantum sensor for QNS. After interacting with a target system (such as a transparent magnetic material), the small Faraday rotation of the linearly polarized light can be measured, which constitutes a weak measurement of the magnetization in the target system. Using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer with a designed phase shift, one can post‐select the effects of the light–material interaction to be either a quantum evolution or a quantum measurement of the material magnetization. This way, the correlated difference photon counts of a certain number of measurement shots, each with a designated interference phase, can be made proportional to a certain type and order of correlations of the magnetic fluctuations in the material. The analysis of the signal‐to‐noise ratios shows that the second‐order correlations are detectable in general under realistic conditions and higher‐order correlations are significant when the correlation lengths of the fluctuations are comparable to the laser spot size (such as in systems near the critical points). Since the photon sensor can interact simultaneously with many particles and interferometry is a standard technique, this protocol of QNS is advantageous for studying quantum many‐body systems.
Epidemiology, biosafety, and biosecurity of Avian Influenza: Insights from the East Mediterranean region
Authors: AL‐Eitan Laith , Khair Iliya , Shakhatreh Zaid , Almahdawi Diana , Alahmad Saif 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe World Organization for Animal Health defines Avian Influenza Virus as a highly infectious disease caused by diverse subtypes that continue to evolve rapidly, impacting poultry species, pet birds, wild birds, non‐human mammals, and occasionally humans. The effects of Avian influenza viruses have been recognised as a precursor for serious health concerns among affected birds, poultry, and human populations in the Middle East. Furthermore, low and high pathogenic avian influenza viruses lead to respiratory illness with varying severity, depending on the virus subtype (e.g., H5, H7, H9, etc.). Possible future outbreaks and endemics of newly emerging subtypes are expected to occur, as many studies have reported the emergence of novel mutations and viral subtypes. However, proper surveillance programs and biosecurity applications should be developed, and countries with incapacitated defences against such outbreaks should be encouraged to undergo complete reinstation and reinforcement in their health and research sectors. Public education regarding biosafety and virus prevention is necessary to ensure minimal spread of avian influenza endemic.
Coupling hydrological methods with ‘Flow Health’ to simulate ecological flow in the Weihe River Basin, China
Authors: Liu Dandan , Xie Jiancang , Yang Xue , Gao Shuang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractReducing river flows significantly affects livelihoods, ecology and industrial production. Therefore, allowing for ecological flow requirements has been applied to limiting human water consumption and is incorporated into water allocation planning. However, the unavailability of ecological data greatly limits e‐flow studies and this lack of sufficient ecosystem data is mostly addressed by using hydrological metrics as surrogates of the river ecosystem. This study employed the nine indicators of the ‘Flow Health’ model to assess river hydrological health and explore optimal ecological flow regimes. The modelling estimated the required flow and the extra flood flows of ecosystem conservation under default and custom thresholds. Ecological flows were calculated for five stations of the Weihe River through coupling with three hydrological methodologies. The index of flow deviation indicated that the flow regimes in Weihe River have partially changed from the reference period. Fish and other aquatic habitats have changed by reduced flows, but the health of the floodplain ecosystem has not been seriously affected. The ecological flow modelling results showed that the extra flow required for the ecology restoration in five stations is concentrated from July to September. The optimal ecological flows in dry seasons by coupling three hydrological methods were less than the average current flow, which is reasonable. This coupling provides ideas on how environmental flow assessments are undertaken in similar regions.
Highly Bright and Stable CsPbX3@Cs4PbX6 Hexagonal Nanoarchitectonics Created by Controlling Dissolution‐Recrystallization of CsPbX3 Nanomaterials
Authors: Xie Cong , Zhang Xiao , Chen Hsueh Shih , Yang Ping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6 hexagonal NCs with a bright photoluminescence (PL) peak of 456 nm are created through the dissolution‐recrystallization of CsPbBr3 nanoplatelets. Small CsPbBr3 nanocrystals are encapsulated in hexagonal Cs4PbBr6 during recrystallization to form a core‐shell structure and keep high brightness and stability. The recrystallization kinetics is systematically investigated to explore the roles of methyl acetate, oleylamine, and n‐hexane. Result further indicates that core/shell NCs remained high PL under a variety of harsh conditions (e.g., light irradiation and heat treatment) because of Cs4PbX6 shell and the controlling of recrystallization. Their initial PL intensity is remained after 4 months of storage under ambient conditions and continuous exposure to UV lamp for 180 min. The bright PL is also maintained even treatment at 120 °C. To indicate the universality of this synthesis method, CsPbX3@Cs4PbX6 hexagonal NCs with different emission colors are fabricated by changing temperature, solvent viscosity, and precursors (e,g, oleylamine and halogens). These core‐shell samples reveal bright and stable green, orange, and red PL. Because of its high stability, the core/shell NCs are dispersed in flexible films to create diverse patterns. The films also exhibit high brightness and excellent stability. This strategy opens a novel avenue for the application of perovskite nanomaterials in the display field.
On the Photothermal Response of DNA–Au Core/Shell Nanotoroids as Potential Agents for Photothermal Therapies
Authors: González‐Colsa Javier , Kuzyk Anton , Albella Pablo 
Published: June 2024

Plasmonic nanoparticles play a pivotal role in various research areas due to their exceptional optical and thermo‐optical properties, like high spectral tunability and efficient light‐to‐heat conversion. Gold, with its biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and tunable resonances , makes gold nanoparticles ideal for photothermal therapies. Geometries, including spheres, core–shells, rods, disks, stars, nanocages, and nanotoroids, are extensively studied, with the gold nanodoughnut emerging as one of the most promising ones due to its ability to produce high temperatures and rotational stability. Nevertheless, the fabrication of metallic toroidal shapes remains a challenge. Recent advances in DNA‐based nanotechnology, especially DNA‐origami techniques, provide feasible route for the fabrication of this geometry through metallization reactions or attachment of metal nanoparticles. However, particles manufactured using this method possess a DNA core that influences their thermoplasmonic performance. In this work, a theoretical investigation is conducted on the thermoplasmonic response of DNA‐origami‐based core/shell toroids (CSTs) for photothermal applications. Key parameters that optimize the CST thermoplasmonic response are identified, and compared with their solid counterparts and discrete metallic coatings. Additionally, the CSTs tolerance to random rotations is assessed, providing insights into their behavior in fluidic environments and implications for its practical consideration.
Experimental and theoretical investigations on the flexural behavior of precast concrete slabs reinforced with prestressing BFRP bars and fibers
Authors: Zhou Jingyang , Wang Xin , Ding Lining , Kang Sufang , Bai Xingyu , Mahmoud Maha R. I. , Wu Zhishen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrestressing basalt‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars and three types of fibers were used to enhance precast slabs during construction. Experimental investigation was conducted on one control slab and three reinforced slabs, while equations for the flexural behavior of slabs and optimization were performed. The results demonstrated that the addition of fibers had minimal impact on the compressive strength of concrete, but significantly improved its flexural strengths by up to 36%. Fibers and BFRP bars with a prestress level of 40% enhanced the cracking load by a range of 506% to 584%, and the ultimate load by a range of 28% to 48%, while exerting minimal influence on the yield load. Reinforced slabs exhibited a reduction in yield deflection ranging from 57% to 67%, along with a decrease in ultimate deflection ranging from 33% to 42%. Prestress played a crucial role in controlling slab cracks, whereas fiber type had only minor effects. The equation derived for predicting experimental results regarding normal section cracking moment showed a maximum deviation not exceeding 5%. Material utilization can be improved by reducing slab thickness or the number of prestressing bars, followed by lowering prestress levels and truss numbers. Prioritizing reduction in slab thickness is recommended from a construction perspective.
Sustainability in Three Dimensions
Authors: Werner Gijsbert D. A. , van Riel Arthur , Gijsberts Mérove I. L. , de Visser Marianne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the previous chapter we looked at current trends and developments in Dutch health and social care. We now turn our attention to their implications for the future sustainability of care. As explained in Chap.1, in this report we take a broader than usual view of the concept of sustainability. In this chapter we explore the mechanisms of that wide-ranging interpretation and look at how the three dimensions of sustainability—financial, staffing and societal—are evolving. We do this by reviewing historical developments, the current situation and prognoses for the future. As part of our analysis we also address the finding that the three dimensions are closely interrelated, resulting in everything from mutually reinforcing effects to mutual trade-offs—more of one means less of the other.