bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial calcium release from intracellular stores followed by calcium dysregulation is linked to secondary axotomy following transient axonal stretch injury
Authors: Staal Jerome A. , Dickson Tracey C. , Gasperini Robert , Liu Yao , Foa Lisa , Vickers James C. 
Published: December 2009

J. Neurochem. (2010) 112, 1147–1155.AbstractAcute axonal shear and stretch in the brain induces an evolving form of axonopathy and is a major cause of ongoing motor, cognitive and emotional dysfunction. We have utilized an in vitro model of mild axon bundle stretch injury, in cultured primary cortical neurons, to determine potential early critical cellular alterations leading to secondary axonal degeneration. We determined that transient axonal stretch injury induced an initial acute increase in intracellular calcium, principally derived from intracellular stores, which was followed by a delayed increase in calcium over 48 h post‐injury (PI). This progressive and persistent increase in intracellular calcium was also associated with increased frequency of spontaneous calcium fluxes as well as cytoskeletal abnormalities. Additionally, at 48 h post‐injury, stretch‐injured axon bundles demonstrated filopodia‐like sprout formation that preceded secondary axotomy and degeneration. Pharmacological inhibition of the calcium‐activated phosphatase, calcineurin, resulted in reduced secondary axotomy (p < 0.05) and increased filopodial sprout length. In summary, these results demonstrate that stretch injury of axons induced an initial substantial release of calcium from intracellular stores with elevated intracellular calcium persisting over 2 days. These long‐lasting calcium alterations may provide new insight into the earliest neuronal abnormalities that follow traumatic brain injury as well as the key cellular changes that lead to the development of diffuse axonal injury and secondary degeneration.
TREATMENT NEEDS IN HIV PREVENTION TRIALS: USING BENEFICENCE TO CLARIFY SPONSOR‐INVESTIGATOR RESPONSIBILITIES
Authors: STOBIE MELISSA , SLACK CATHERINE 
Published: December 2009

ABSTRACTSome participants will get HIV‐infected in HIV prevention trials, despite risk reduction measures. The subsequent treatment responsibilities of sponsor‐investigators have been widely debated, especially where access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not available. In this paper, we explore two accounts of beneficence to establish whether they can shed light on sponsor‐investigator responsibilities. We find the notion of general beneficence helpful insofar as it clarifies that some beneficent actions will be obligatory where they can be dispensed without scuppering the trial. We find the notion of specific beneficence helpful insofar as it directs investigators to attend to the needs of trial participants; however the range of interventions that could be provided remains unhelpfully broad. We then examine accounts of the investigator‐participant relationship to narrow the range of interventions that investigators should provide, concluding that health‐care, and HIV infection, are appropriate foci. We conclude that when investigators are able to meet the ART needs of their participants (e.g. referral, assisted referral or direct provision) without sacrificing trial quality, they must do so. However, there is little of this explicit direction to be found in the account of specific beneficence itself, but rather it is found in accounts of the relationship that are compatible with beneficence.
Solidarity with whom? Why organised labour is losing ground in Continental pension politics
Authors: HÄUSERMANN SILJA 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis article explains why the power of organised labour in the reform of Swiss and German pension regimes has faded over the last three decades. Postindustrialisation has brought two different sets of reform issues onto the pension policy agendas of Continental European welfare states: retrenchment of existing benefit levels, and the pension coverage of new, postindustrial social risk groups. Recent pension reforms increasingly combine these two types of measures in encompassing policy packages –‘modernising compromises’– in order to compensate for retrenchment with selective expansive reform elements. Continental trade unions attach a lower importance to postindustrial modernisation than do the left‐wing parties – notably the Social Democrats and the Green parties. Consequently, the distance between the labour movement and the left‐wing parties, as well as intra‐labour heterogeneity, increase and ‘modernising compromises’ tend to divide the left and to marginalise trade unions. The empirical analysis relies on coded actor positions from eight major pension reforms between 1972 and 2003.
Model specification in the analysis of spatial dependence
Authors: PLÜMPER THOMAS , NEUMAYER ERIC 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe recent surge in studies analysing spatial dependence in political science has gone hand‐in‐hand with increased attention paid to the choice of estimation technique. In comparison, specification choice has been relatively neglected, even though it leads to equally, if not more, serious inference problems. In this article four specification issues are analysed. It is argued that to avoid biased estimates of the spatial effects, researchers need to consider carefully how to model temporal dynamics, common trends and common shocks, as well as how to account for spatial clustering and unobserved spatial heterogeneity. The remaining two specification issues relate to the weighting matrix employed for the creation of spatial effects: whether it should be row‐standardised and what functional form to choose for this matrix. The importance of these specification issues is demonstrated by replicating Hays' model of spatial dependence in international capital tax rate competition. Seemingly small changes to model specification have major impacts on the spatial effect estimates. It is recommended that spatial analysts develop their theories of spatial dependencies further to provide more guidance on the specification of the estimation model. In the absence of sufficiently developed theories, the robustness of results to specification changes needs to be demonstrated.
Three million Trotskyists? Explaining extreme left voting in France in the 2002 presidential election
Authors: SPERBER NATHAN 
Published: December 2009

AbstractIn the first round of the 2002 French presidential election, three million voters (10.4 per cent of the national vote) supported Trotskyist candidates. This unprecedented electoral result has received little academic attention. This study aimed to identify the strongest socio‐demographic and attitudinal predictors of support for the new extreme left in 2002. A multivariate framework was applied in a series of models, using data from the 2002 French Electoral Panel. The study also aimed to understand the rise of the Trotskyists in the context of broader social and political developments. The analysis was grounded in series of hypotheses constituting a model of class voting in postindustrial France. Overall, the analysis tended to confirm the predictions of the model, with younger voters at the lower end of the service sector being the most likely to support the three Trotskyist parties. With regard to attitudes, opposition to economic liberalism proved the strongest single predictor of Trotskyist voting, followed by liberal attitudes on cultural issues, political distrust and political disengagement. However, in terms of economic attitudes, Trotskyist voters still came out as surprisingly close to mainstream left voters. In conclusion, it is argued that models of class voting should reconsider the political role of social class in a postindustrial context, and pay particular attention to the trajectories of different classes over time in terms of changing employment conditions and life chances in order to understand how class is likely to shape party preferences.
Does attractiveness buy happiness? “It depends on where you’re from”
Authors: PLAUT VICTORIA C. , ADAMS GLENN , ANDERSON STEPHANIE L. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract Previous studies document that attractiveness predicts life outcomes, including well‐being and social connectedness. This study investigates whether the attractiveness–outcomes link is especially strong in settings, such as many urban areas, that promote relationship constructions as a product of personal choice. This link may weaken in settings, such as many rural areas, that promote less voluntaristic‐independent relationship constructions. Analyses of survey data from a national representative (United States) sample supported these hypotheses. Attractiveness (operationalized as waist‐to‐hip ratio) predicted well‐being and social connectedness among urban (n = 257) but not rural (n = 330) women. Social connectedness mediated the urban–rural moderation of the attractiveness/well‐being link. Findings suggest that frequently observed attractiveness effects are the product of particular, modern social contexts that promote relationship choice.
Friends' sexual orientation, relational quality, and mental health among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth
Authors: UENO KOJI , GAYMAN MATHEW D. , WRIGHT ERIC R. , QUANTZ STEVEN D. 
Published: December 2009

Abstract The existing literature on gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) youth emphasizes unique benefits of having GLB friends, but empirical studies have shown no or only small mental health advantages of having them. To unravel this contradiction, this study tested a common assumption that GLB youth develop better relational quality with their GLB friends than with straight friends. Statistical analysis used interview data from community organization participants in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA (n = 84) and employed analysis of variance and ordinary least squares regression models. GLB youth's friendships with GLB and straight peers did not differ in contact frequency, emotional closeness, and hassles. Further, GLB and straight friends were similar in the degree to which each relational quality dimension was associated with mental health.
Effects of Screw Eccentricity on the Initial Stability of the Acetabular Cup in Artificial Foam Bone of Different Qualities
Authors: Hsu Jui‐Ting , Lin Dan‐Jae 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAcetabular cup loosening is one of the major failure models of total hip replacement (THR), which is mostly due to insufficient initial stability of the cup. Previous studies have demonstrated that cup stability is affected by the quality of the host bone and the surgical skill when inserting screws. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on the initial stability of the acetabular cup of eccentric screws in bone of different qualities. In this study, hemispherical cups were fixed into bone specimens constructed from artificial foam with three elastic moduli using one to three screws. The effects of two types of screw eccentricity (offset and angular) on the stability of the acetabular cup were also evaluated. The experimental results indicate that in the presence of ideal screwing, the cup was stable in bone specimens constructed from foam with the highest elastic modulus. In addition, increasing the number of ideal screws enhanced the cup stability, especially in bone specimens constructed from soft foam. Moreover, the cup stability was most affected by offset eccentric screw(s) in the hard‐foam bone specimens and by angular eccentric screw(s) in the soft‐foam bone specimens. The reported results indicate that the presence of screw eccentricity affects the initial stability of the acetabular cup. Surgeons should keep this in mind when performing screw insertions in THR. However, care is necessary when translating these results to the intraoperative situation due to the experiments being conducted under laboratory conditions, and hence, future studies should attempt to replicate the results reported here in vivo.
Hippocampal malrotation in pediatric patients with epilepsy associated with complex prefrontal dysfunction
Authors: Stiers Peter , Fonteyne Annick , Wouters Heidi , D’Agostino Emiliano , Sunaert Stefan , Lagae Lieven 
Published: December 2009

SummaryPurpose:  The cognitive consequences of hippocampal malrotation (HIMAL) were investigated in a matched control study of children with epilepsy.Methods:  Seven children with HIMAL were compared on a range of memory and attention tasks with 21 control children with epilepsy without temporal role pathology and 7 children with epilepsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–documented hippocampal sclerosis. In addition, in a statistical morphometric analysis, MRI studies from four children with HIMAL were compared to similar images of 20 age‐matched typically developing control children.Results:  Although the task battery was sensitive to the memory deficit of the children with hippocampal sclerosis, it did not reveal memory impairment in the patients with HIMAL. In contrast, the patients with HIMAL were impaired on the attentionally more demanding dual tasks, compared to both the control and the hippocampal sclerosis group. The structural MRI analysis revealed morphometric abnormalities in the tail of the affected hippocampus, the adjacent neocortex, and the ipsilateral medial thalamus. The basal forebrain was bilaterally affected. Abnormalities in remote cortex were found in the ipsilateral temporal lobe, the contralateral anterior cingulate gyrus, and bilateral in the dorsolateral and lateral‐orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex.Discussion:  Because the prefrontal cortical regions have been shown to be active during dual‐task performance, the MRI results converge with the neuropsychological findings of impairment on these tasks. We conclude that HIMAL had no direct memory repercussions, but was secondary to subtle but widespread neurologic abnormalities that also affected morphology and functioning of the prefrontal cortex.
Thoracoscopic Subphrenic Pericardectomy Using Double‐Lumen Endobronchial Intubation for Alternating One‐Lung Ventilation
Authors: MAYHEW KELLI N. , MAYHEW PHILIPP D. , SORRELL‐RASCHI LAURIE , CIMINO BROWN DOROTHY 
Published: December 2009

Objective— To report the technique, complications, and effectiveness of thoracoscopic subphrenic pericardectomy (SPP) using double‐lumen endobronchial intubation for alternating 1‐lung (OLV) in healthy dogs.Study Design— Prospective cohort study.Animals— Mature purpose‐bred dogs (n=7).Methods— Bronchoscope‐assisted placement of a left‐sided double‐lumen endobronchial tube, immediately before surgery, allowed intraoperative alternation of ventilation between lung fields. A camera portal was established in a subxyphoid location. Two instrument portals were established at the 4th–6th intercostal spaces on the right and left sides. A vessel‐sealing device was used to create the subphrenic pericardectomy. After termination of the procedure, dogs were humanely euthanatized under anesthesia and necropsy performed. In each dog, the extent of pericardectomy and any complications were evaluated.Results—
Technical difficulties with tube placement occurred in 4 dogs, but alternating OLV was achieved in all dogs and SPP completed successfully. Median surgical time was 87.5 minutes (range, 80–105 minutes). At necropsy, 0.5–2 cm of pericardial tissue remained ventral to the intact phrenic nerve in 6 dogs; in 1 dog, the phrenic nerve was transected on the left side only.Conclusions—
Thoracoscopic subphrenic pericardectomy is a technically feasible procedure in healthy dogs. Double‐lumen endobronchial intubation allowed alternating OLV without intraoperative bronchoscopically guided tube manipulation in all but 1 dog.Clinical Relevance—
Thoracoscopic subphrenic pericardectomy could potentially be used for management of conditions where relief of pericardial constriction or access to intrapericardial structures is desired.
Hypophosphatemia in Cats After Renal Transplantation
Authors: PASTER ERIN R. , MEHL MARGO L. , KASS PHILIP H. , GREGORY CLARE R. 
Published: December 2009

Objective—To report the prevalence of hypophosphatemia after renal transplantation in a historical cohort of cats.Design—Case series.Animals—Cats (n=86) that received a renal allograft.Methods—Medical records (January 200–June 2006) were reviewed. Signalment, clinical signs, pre‐ and postoperative diet, pre‐ and postoperative clinicopathologic variables, renal histopathology, and outcome were retrieved. Prevalence, onset, duration, treatment and associated clinical signs of hypophosphatemia were recorded. A χ2test was used to compare hemolysis frequency between cats with normal serum phosphorus concentration or a single spurious low serum phosphorus concentration for <24 hours duration (group 1) and confirmed hypophosphatemia for >24 hours (group 2). A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effects of hypophosphatemia on survival while controlling for other potentially confounding variables (age, sex, weight, body condition score, and pre‐ and 24 hours postoperative clinicopathologic variables).Results—Eighty‐six cats (mean age, 7.7 years) were identified. Hypophosphatemia occurred in 32 cats (37%), with a median onset of 2 days and median duration of 4 days. Treatment was initiated in 48 (56%) of hypophosphatemic cats. Survival and hemolysis frequency was not significantly different between groups, and no risk factors were identified.Conclusion—Hypophosphatemia occurs in cats after renal transplantation and does not affect survival.Clinical Relevance—The clinical importance of hypophosphatemia in renal transplant recipients remains unknown.
Postoperative Race Performance is Not Correlated with Degree of Surgical Abduction After Laryngoplasty in National Hunt Thoroughbred Racehorses
Authors: BARAKZAI SAFIA Z. , BODEN LISA A. , DIXON PADRAIC M. 
Published: December 2009

Objectives—To (1) assess the degree of arytenoid cartilage abduction lost after laryngoplasty (LP) in Thoroughbred National Hunt racehorses and (2) to correlate postoperative racing performance with degree of arytenoid abduction after LP.Study Design—Case series.Animals—National Hunt Thoroughbred racehorses (n=68).Methods—Grade of postoperative arytenoid abduction for National Hunt racehorses that had LP with ventriculocordectomy was assessed at 1 day, 6 days, and 6 weeks after LP. Race records were analyzed to ascertain if there was correlation between the degree of arytenoid cartilage abduction and various measures of race performance (return to racing postoperatively, total earnings in 5 races immediately postoperatively, and lifetime number of starts postoperatively).Results—Median postoperative arytenoid abduction was grade 2 on day 1 but had decreased to grade 3 by 6 weeks. Horses with grades 1, 2, and 3 abduction 1 day after surgery had median losses of 1, 1, and 0.5 abduction grades, respectively, at 6 weeks. Horses with grade 1 abduction on day 1 were significantly more likely to lose abduction by day 6 after surgery than horses with grade 3 abduction on day 1. There was no statistically significant correlation between the postoperative grade of arytenoid abduction at any time point and earnings in 5 races after surgery, likelihood of racing postoperatively, or total number of lifetime race starts postoperatively.Conclusions—Horses with maximal (grade 1) surgical arytenoid abduction are significantly more likely to suffer postoperative loss of abduction than those with grade 3 abduction. Postoperative grade of abduction does not appear significantly correlated with markers of racing performance in National Hunt racehorses; however, very few horses with poor (grade 4 or 5) abduction were included and thus conclusions regarding racing performance in such horses cannot be drawn from this study.Clinical Relevance—Seemingly, most horses with grade 3 laryngeal abduction can race successfully and perhaps surgeons should not be disillusioned by the appearance of only moderate (grade 3) abduction in the long term after LP in racehorses.
The effect of titanium topography features on mesenchymal human stromal cells' adhesion
Authors: Carneiro‐Campos Luis Eduardo , Fernandes Claudio P. , Balduíno Alex , Leite Duarte Maria Eugênia , Leitão Melissa 
Published: December 2009

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two kinds of dental implants surfaces with their own characteristics on human marrow stromal cells' adhesion.Material and methods: Fifty‐six titanium discs (28 machined and 28 acid etched) were used. Machined (MS) and acid‐etched surfaces (ES) were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersing spectroscopy (EDS), contact angle analysis and human marrow stromal cells' culture.Results: Significant differences were observed in the topography and wetability of the tested surfaces. However, etched surfaces presented a high level of wetability when compared with machined surfaces. Contact angles showed considerable differences between etched and machined surfaces (Friedman test P<0.05). EDS analysis showed the same composition on both the surfaces tested. Counting of adhered cells on both types of surfaces showed that there is no statistical significance in human marrow stromal cells' adhesion after 18 h (Mann–Whitney test P>0.05).Conclusion: The present study concludes that modifications on the titanium implant surfaces roughness may promote differences in the morphology of bone marrow stromal cells. Nevertheless, in this microenvironment, no interference in the adhesion phenomenon was noted. To cite this article:
Carneiro‐Campos LE, Fernandes CP. The effect of titanium topography features on mesenchymal human stromal cells' adhesion. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 21, 2010; 250–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2009.01811.x
Gingival crevicular fluid levels of MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐2, and MPO decrease after periodontal therapy
Authors: Marcaccini Andrea M. , Meschiari Cesar A. , Zuardi Leonardo R. , De Sousa Tiago Sampaio , Taba Mario , Teofilo Juliana M. , Jacob‐Ferreira Anna L.B. , Tanus‐Santos Jose E. , Novaes Arthur B. , Gerlach Raquel F. 
Published: December 2009

Marcaccini AM, Meschiari CA, Zuardi LR, de Sousa TS, Taba M, Teofilo JM, Jacob‐Ferreira ALB, Tanus‐Santos JE, Novaes AB, Gerlach RF. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐2, and MPO decrease after periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 180–190. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2009.01512.x.AbstractBackground: This study aimed at comparing the levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8, tissue Inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)‐1 and TIMP‐2, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and MMP‐9 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and controls at baseline and 3 months after non‐surgical therapy.Materials and Methods: GCF was collected from one site of 15 control subjects and 27 CP patients. MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 were determined by Enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay; different forms of MMP‐9, by gelatin zymography; and MPO, colorimetrically.Results: At baseline, higher levels of MMP‐8, TIMP‐2, MPO, and the 87 kDa‐MMP‐9 were found in patients compared with controls (p<0.001), and these molecules decreased after therapy (p<0.03). There were no differences between the groups with respect to the higher molecular forms of MMP‐9 (180, 130, 92 kDa) or total MMP‐9 at baseline. No differences were observed in TIMP‐1 levels. In controls, decreased levels of TIMP‐2 and the higher molecular forms of MMP‐9 (180, 130, 92 kDa) were found 3 months after therapy compared with baseline (p<0.01).Conclusions: Higher levels of MMP‐8, TIMP‐2, MPO, and 87 kDa MMP‐9 were found in the GCF of patients compared with controls, and these markers decreased 3 months after periodontal therapy.