bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Monitoring of Civil Structures
Authors: Kurata Narito 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBuildings and civil engineering structures are subjected to natural hazards such as severe earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and hurricanes, as well as man‐made hazards such as fires, crime, and terrorist attacks, during their long‐term use. To mitigate these hazards, monitoring various risks in a building employing structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies is necessary. In this article, a concept of risk monitoring of buildings for disaster mitigation is presented and related sensing technologies are reviewed. As advanced examples of risk monitoring of buildings, a ubiquitous structural monitoring (USM) system and a risk information delivery (RID) system using wireless sensor networks are introduced.
A genome‐wide screen for copy number alterations in Aicardi syndrome
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Sutton V. Reid , Eble Tanya N. , Lewis Richard Alan , Gunaratne Preethi , Patel Ankita , Van den Veyver Ignatia B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAicardi syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that affects females or rarely males with a 47,XXY karyotype. Therefore, it is thought to be caused by heterozygous defects in an essential X‐linked gene or by defects in an autosomal gene with sex‐limited expression. Because all reported cases are sporadic with one exception, traditional linkage analysis to identify the mutant gene is not possible, and the de novo mutation rate must be high. As an alternative approach to localize the mutant gene, we screened the DNA of 38 girls with Aicardi syndrome by high‐resolution, genome‐wide array comparative genomic hybridization for copy number gains and losses. We found 110 copy number variants (CNVs), 97 of which are known, presumably polymorphic, CNVs; 8 have been seen before in unrelated studies in unaffected individuals. Four previously unseen CNVs on autosomes were each inherited from a healthy parent. One subject with Aicardi syndrome had a de novo loss of X‐linked copy number in a region without known genes. Detailed analysis of this and flanking regions did not reveal CNVs or mutations in annotated genes in other affected subjects. We conclude that, in this study population of 38 subjects, Aicardi syndrome is not caused by CNVs detectable with the high‐resolution array platform that was used. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case report supporting that the Barber–Say and ablepharon macrostomia syndromes could represent one disorder
Authors: Haensel Jennifer , Kohlschmidt Nicolai , Pitz Susanne , Keilmann Annerose , Zenker Martin , Ullmann Reinhard , Haaf Thomas , Bartsch Oliver 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report on a 7‐year‐old girl with unequivocal features of Barber–Say syndrome (BSS): generalized hypertrichosis especially at the back, dry lax skin, macrostomia, thin lips, cup‐shaped ears, bulbous nose, hypoplastic nipples, and abnormal external genitalia. She also demonstrated conductive hearing impairment and microblepharon. BSS has been reported with ectropion (not present in our patient), but ablepharon and microblepharon (i.e., absent or hypoplastic eyelids) have always been considered as hallmarks of ablepharon macrostomia syndrome (AMS). This is the first report of microblepharon in BSS. Other authors have discussed that BSS and AMS could possibly represent one syndrome, and our report supports this hypothesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fitzsimmons syndrome: Spastic paraplegia, brachydactyly and cognitive impairment
Authors: Armour Christine M. , Humphreys Peter , Hennekam Raoul C.M. , Boycott Kym M. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFitzsimmons syndrome is an infrequently described entity comprising slowly progressive spastic paraplegia, brachydactyly, and cone‐shaped epiphyses, dysarthria, and low‐normal intelligence. Five patients with this syndrome have been reported. The cause remains unknown. Here we describe a 16‐year‐old boy with Fitzsimmons syndrome. He was noted to toe‐walk at age 18 months and spasticity progressed slowly into a spastic gait with contractures. He has mild dysarthria and hypernasal speech. Brachydactyly is notable but cannot be classified into one of the recognized types. A cone‐shaped epiphysis was apparent on the only available childhood radiograph. He has moderate cognitive handicap and pervasive developmental delay. A detailed comparison of this patient with the earlier described cases is presented to further delineate the condition and increase awareness of this syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of CHRN genes with “dizziness” to tobacco
Authors: Ehringer Marissa A. , McQueen Matthew B. , Hoft Nicole R. , Saccone Nancy L. , Stitzel Jerry A. , Wang Jen C. , Bierut Laura J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe neuronal nicotinic receptor genes (CHRN) have been implicated in a variety of smoking‐related behaviors. Here we tested for association between an early subjective response phenotype, “dizziness,” and 226 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CHRN genes. The sample included 789 nicotine‐dependent cases and 811 controls, where early “dizziness” reports were significantly associated with case/control status (P < 0.0001). Multiple SNPs in the putative promoter region of the CHRNB3 gene were nominally associated with “dizziness” experience from the first few cigarettes (P < 0.01). Cell culture studies were conducted to examine the ability of different haplotypes in the CHRNB3 promoter to drive luciferase expression. Data from these experiments support the hypothesis that different alleles in the CHRNB3 upstream promoter region may lead to different levels of RNA expression. In addition, a novel finding of association between SNPs in the CHRNA10 gene reached experiment‐wide empirical significance (P = 0.048), which implicates another CHRN gene as being involved in early subjective response to tobacco. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association of dysbindin with symptom factors of schizophrenia in an Irish case–control sample
Authors: Bergen Sarah E. , Fanous Ayman H. , Kuo Po‐Hsiu , Wormley Brandon K. , O'Neill F. Anthony , Walsh Dermot , Riley Brien P. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRobust associations between the dysbindin gene (DTNBP1) and schizophrenia have been demonstrated in many but not all samples, and evidence that this gene particularly predisposes to negative symptoms in this illness has been presented. The current study sought to replicate the previously reported negative symptom associations in an Irish case–control sample. Association between dysbindin and schizophrenia has been established in this cohort, and a factor analysis of the assessed symptoms yielded three factors, Positive, Negative, and Schneiderian. The sequential addition method was applied using UNPHASED to assess the relationship between these symptom factors and the high‐risk haplotype. No associations were detected for any of the symptom factors indicating that the dysbindin risk haplotype does not predispose to a particular group of symptoms in this sample. Several possibilities, such as differing risk haplotypes, may explain this finding. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of transition metal complexes of thiophene‐2‐methylamine: X‐ray crystal structure of palladium (II) and platinum (II) complexes and use of palladium(II) complexes as pre‐catalyst in Heck and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Aydemir Murat , Baysal Akın , Durap Feyyaz , Gümgüm Bahattin , Özkar Saim , Yıldırım Leyla Tatar 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe reactions of thiophene‐2‐(N‐diphenylphosphino)methylamine, Ph2PNHCH2‐C4H3S, 1 and thiophene‐2‐[N,N‐bis(diphenylphosphino)methylamine], (Ph2P)2NCH2‐C4H3S, 2, with MCl2(cod) (M = Pd, Pt; cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) or [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 yields the new complexes [M(Ph2PNHCH2‐C4H3S)2Cl2], M = Pd 1a, Pt 1b, [Cu(Ph2PNHCH2‐C4H3S)4]PF6, 1c, and [M(Ph2P)2NCH2‐C4H3S)Cl2], M = Pd 2a, Pt 2b, {Cu[(Ph2P)2NCH2‐C4H3S]2}PF6, 2c, respectively. The new compounds were isolated as analytically pure crystalline solids and characterized by 31P‐, 13C‐, 1H‐NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Furthermore, the solid‐state molecular structures of representative palladium and platinum complexes of bis(phosphine)amine, 2a and 2b, respectively, were determined using single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The palladium complexes were tested as potential catalysts in the Heck and Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 4‐substituted styrene compounds via palladium catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura reaction using bidentate Schiff base ligands
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Jinqu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAir‐stable symmetric Schiff base have been synthesized and proved to be efficient ligands for Suzuki–Miyaura reaction between aryl bromides and arylboronic acids using PdCl2(CH3CN)2 as palladium source under aerobic conditions. The coupling reaction proceeded smoothly using N,N‐bis(anthracen‐9‐ylmethylene)benzene‐1,2‐diamine (L7) as ligand to provide 4‐substituted styrene compounds in good yields. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Clathrate Hydrates
Authors: Shin Kyuchul , Cha Jong‐Ho , Seo Yongwon , Lee Huen 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIonic clathrate hydrates are known to be formed by the enclathration of hydrophobic cations or anions into confined cages and the incorporation of counterions into the water framework. As the ionic clathrate hydrates are considered for their potential applicability in various fields, including those that involve solid electrolytes, gas separation, and gas storage, numerous studies of the ionic clathrate hydrates have been reported. This review concentrates on the physicochemical properties of the ionic clathrate hydrates and the notable characteristics of these materials regarding their potential application are addressed.
Benzo[b]phosphole‐Containing π‐Electron Systems: Synthesis Based on an Intramolecular trans‐Halophosphanylation and Some Insights into Their Properties
Authors: Fukazawa Aiko , Ichihashi Yasunori , Kosaka Youhei , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe intramolecular trans‐halophosphanylation of 2‐(aminophosphanyl)phenylacetylenes mediated by PBr3 followed by the oxidation with H2O2, produces 3‐bromobenzo[b]phosphole oxide derivatives. This cyclization is also used for the synthesis of a 3‐iodo derivative by conducting the reaction in the presence of LiI. Based on this synthetic method, various benzophosphole‐containing π‐conjugated compounds, including a phosphoryl and methylene‐bridged stilbene 10, 2,3,6,7‐tetraphenylbenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]diphosphole‐P,P′‐dioxides 11, and their phosphine sulfide derivatives 12, are synthesized. The study of the structure–property relationships in a series of the bridged stilbenes, including a bis(methylene)‐bridged stilbene 10, and a bis(phosphoryl)‐bridged stilbene, reveals that as the contribution of the phosphoryl groups increased, the absorption and emission maxima substantially shift to longer wavelengths. The intrinsic substituent effects of the phosphoryl group in this skeleton are to decrease the oscillator strength of the electronic transition and thus decrease the radiative decay rate constants from the singlet excited state. Nevertheless, these compounds maintain high fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF>0.8) owing to the significantly retarded nonradiative decay process. In the study of the benzodiphosphole derivatives 11 and 12, their cyclic voltammetry revealed that both of the phosphoryl and phosphine sulfide derivatives have low reduction potentials (−1.7 to −1.8 V vs ferrocene/ferrocenium couple) with the high reversibility of the redox waves. These compounds also showed high thermal stabilities with the high glass transition temperatures of 147–159 °C, indicative of their potential utilities as amorphous materials.
Epidemiologic features and clinical subgroups of anotia/microtia in Texas
Authors: Canfield Mark A. , Langlois Peter H. , Nguyen Ly M. , Scheuerle Angela E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Few studies have investigated the epidemiologic features of clinically defined subgroups of anotia/microtia.METHODS:Data on cases of anotia and/or microtia among 1999–2005 deliveries were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry, a population‐based active surveillance system. We determined crude and adjusted associations between selected factors and seven clinical subgroups of anotia/microtia.RESULTS:In total, 742 cases were diagnosed with anotia and/or microtia, corresponding to a prevalence of 2.86 per 10,000 live births. Of those, 45% had no other major birth defect (“isolated”), 77% were unilateral, and 22% bilateral. Anotia alone made up 6%, whereas microtia made up 94%. Birth prevalence was higher with increasing maternal age and among Mexico‐born Hispanics. Compared to white mothers, Hispanic mothers were two‐to‐three times more likely to have infants with all but the syndromic and bilateral groups (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPRs] = 2.05–2.61). Non‐Hispanic blacks had significantly lower risk for total anotia/microtia, and for the isolated, unilateral, and microtia subgroups (aPRs = 0.42–0.64). Less educated mothers were three‐to‐four times more likely to have children with anotia (aPRs = 2.98 for less than high school, 3.97 for high school graduates). Males were more likely to be born with total anotia/microtia and with syndromic, unilateral, and microtia subtypes (aPRs = 1.27–1.41).CONCLUSIONS:In Texas, most anotia/microtia cases were in the unilateral and microtia groups, and 45% were isolated. Several clinical subgroups exhibited higher prevalence in males and among older mothers. Relative to whites, blacks were at lower risk and Hispanics (especially Mexico‐born mothers) were at higher risk for selected types of anotia/microtia. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A New Cyanofluorene–Triphenylamine Copolymer: Synthesis and Photoinduced Intramolecular Electron Transfer Processes
Authors: Lin Ying , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Chen Yu , Supur Mustafa , Gu Lingling , Li Yongxi , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA new π‐conjugated copolymer, namely, poly{cyanofluore‐alt‐[5‐(N,N′‐diphenylamino)phenylenevinylene]} ((CNF–TPA)n), was synthesized by condensation polymerization of 2,2′‐(9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl)diacetonitrile and 5‐(N,N′‐diphenylamino)benzene‐1,3‐dicarbaldehyde by using the Knoevenagel reaction. By design, diphenylamine, alkylfluorene and poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) linkages were combined to form a (CNF–TPA)n copolymer which exhibits high thermal stability and glass‐transition temperature. Photodynamic measurements in polar benzonitrile indicate fast and efficient photoinduced electron transfer (≈1011 s−1) from triphenylamine (TPA) to cyanofluorene (CNF) to produce the long‐lived charge‐separated state (90 μs). The finding that the charge‐recombination process of (CNF.−–TPA.+)n is much slower than the charge separation in polar benzonitrile suggests a potential application in molecular‐level electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Nanocarrier Hosting Two Kinds of Guests in the Site‐Isolation State
Authors: Lou Xing‐Long , Cheng Fa , Cao Peng‐Fei , Tang Qiang , Liu Hua‐Ji , Chen Yu 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI) was simply mixed with a solution of amphiphilic calix[4]arene (AC4), which possesses four phenol groups and four aliphatic chains, in chloroform. This resulted in the novel supramolecular complex HPEI–AC4 through the noncovalent interaction of the amino groups of HPEI with the phenol groups of AC4. The formed HPEI–AC4 supramolecular complexes were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The cationic water‐soluble dye methyl blue (MB) and the anionic water‐soluble dye methyl orange (MO) were used as the model guests to test the performance of HPEI–AC4 as a supramolecular nanocarrier. It was found that HPEI–AC4 could accommodate the anionic water‐soluble MO guests into the HPEI core. The MO encapsulation capacity of HPEI–AC4 was pH sensitive, which reached maximum loading under weakly acidic conditions. The loaded MO molecules could be totally released when the pH value was reduced to be around 4.5 or raised to be around 9.5, and this process was reversible. HPEI–AC4 could not only accommodate the anionic MO with the HPEI core but could also simultaneously load the cationic MB molecules using the formed AC4 shell, thereby realizing the site isolation of the two kinds of functional units. The amount of MO and MB encapsulated by HPEI–AC4 could be controlled by varying the ratio of hydroxyl groups of AC4 to amino groups of HPEI.
Fullerol–Titania Charge‐Transfer‐Mediated Photocatalysis Working under Visible Light
Authors: Park Yiseul , Singh N. Jiten , Kim Kwang S. , Tachikawa Takashi , Majima Tetsuro , Choi Wonyong 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe development of visible‐light‐active photocatalysts is being investigated through various approaches. In this study, C60‐based sensitized photocatalysis that works through the charge transfer (CT) mechanism is proposed and tested as a new approach. By employing the water‐soluble fullerol (C60(OH)x) instead of C60, we demonstrate that the adsorbed fullerol activates TiO2 under visible‐light irradiation through the “surface–complex CT” mechanism, which is largely absent in the C60/TiO2 system. Although fullerene and its derivatives have often been utilized in TiO2‐based photochemical conversion systems as an electron transfer relay, their successful photocatalytic application as a visible‐light sensitizer of TiO2 is not well established. Fullerol/TiO2 exhibits marked visible photocatalytic activity not only for the redox conversion of 4‐chlorophenol, I−, and CrVI, but also for H2 production. The photoelectrode of fullerol/TiO2 also generates an enhanced anodic photocurrent under visible light as compared with the electrodes of bare TiO2 and C60/TiO2, which confirms that the visible‐light‐induced electron transfer from fullerol to TiO2 is particularly enhanced. The surface complexation of fullerol/TiO2 induced a visible absorption band around 400–500 nm, which was extinguished when the adsorption of fullerol was inhibited by fluorination of the surface of TiO2. The transient absorption spectroscopic measurement gave an absorption spectrum ascribed to fullerol radical cations (fullerol.+) the generation of which should be accompanied by the proposed CT. The theoretical calculation regarding the absorption spectra for the (TiO2 cluster+fullerol) model also confirmed the proposed CT, which involves excitation from HOMO (fullerol) to LUMO (TiO2 cluster) as the origin of the visible‐light absorption.
Designing Simple Tridentate Ligands for Highly Luminescent Europium Complexes
Authors: Shavaleev Nail M. , Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Scopelliti Rosario , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA series of tridentate benzimidazole‐substituted pyridine‐2‐carboxylic acids have been prepared with a halogen, methyl or alkoxy group in the 6‐position of the benzimidazole ring, which additionally contains a solubilising N‐alkyl chain. The ligands form neutral homoleptic nine‐coordinate lanthanum, europium and terbium complexes as established from X‐ray crystallographic analysis of eight structures. The coordination polyhedron around the lanthanide ion is close to a tricapped trigonal prism with ligands arranged in an up–up–down fashion. The coordinated ligands serve as light‐harvesting chromophores in the complexes with absorption maxima in the range 321–341 nm (ε=(4.9–6.0)×104 M−1 cm−1) and triplet‐state energies between 21 300 and 18 800 cm−1; the largest redshifts occur for bromine and electron‐donor alkoxy substituents. The ligands efficiently sensitise europium luminescence with overall quantum yields (${Q{{{\rm Eu}\hfill \atop {\rm L}\hfill}}}$) and observed lifetimes (τobs) reaching 71 % and 3.00 ms, respectively, in the solid state and 52 % and 2.81 ms, respectively, in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. The radiative lifetimes of the Eu(5D0) level amount to τrad=3.6–4.6 ms and the sensitisation efficiency ηsens=${Q{{{\rm Eu}\hfill \atop {\rm L}\hfill}}}$(τrad/τobs) is close to unity for most of the complexes in the solid state and equal to approximately 80 % in solution. The photophysical parameters of the complexes correlate with the triplet energy of the ligands, which in turn is determined by the nature of the benzimidazole substituent. Facile modification of the ligands makes them promising for the development of brightly emissive europium‐containing materials.
Changes in synaptic populations in the spinal dorsal horn following a dorsal rhizotomy in the monkey
Authors: Darian‐Smith Corinna , Hopkins Stephanie , Ralston Henry J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractStudies in monkeys have shown substantial neuronal reorganization and behavioral recovery during the months following a cervical dorsal root lesion (DRL; Darian‐Smith [2004] J. Comp. Neurol. 470:134–150; Darian‐Smith and Ciferri [2005] J. Comp. Neurol. 491:27–45, [2006] J. Comp. Neurol. 498:552–565). The goal of the present study was to identify ultrastructural synaptic changes post‐DRL within the dorsal horn (DH). Two monkeys received a unilateral DRL, as described previously (Darian‐Smith and Brown [2000] Nat. Neurosci. 3:476–481), which removed cutaneous and proprioceptive input from the thumb, index finger, and middle finger. Six weeks before terminating the experiment at 4 post‐DRL months, hand representation was mapped electrophysiologically within the somatosensory cortex, and anterograde tracers were injected into reactivated cortex to label corticospinal terminals. Sections were collected through the spinal lesion zone. Corticospinal terminals and inhibitory profiles were visualized by using preembedding immunohistochemistry and postembedding γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) immunostaining, respectively. Synaptic elements were systematically counted through the superficial DH and included synaptic profiles with round vesicles (R), pleomorphic flattened vesicles (F; presumed inhibitory synapses), similar synapses immunolabeled for GABA (F‐GABA), primary afferent synapses (C‐type), synapses with dense‐cored vesicles (D, mostly primary afferents), and presynaptic dendrites of interneurons (PSD). Synapse types were compared bilaterally via ANOVAs. As expected, we found a significant drop in C‐type profiles on the lesioned side (∼16% of contralateral), and R profiles did not differ bilaterally. More surprising was a significant increase in the number of F profiles (∼170% of contralateral) and F‐GABA profiles (∼315% of contralateral) on the side of the lesion. Our results demonstrate a striking increase in the inhibitory circuitry within the deafferented DH. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:103–117, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic activity‐related classical protein kinase C isoform localization in the adult rat neuromuscular synapse
Authors: Besalduch Núria , Tomàs Marta , Santafé Manel M. , Garcia Neus , Tomàs Josep , Lanuza Maria Angel 
Published: September 2009

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) is essential for signal transduction in a variety of cells, including neurons and myocytes, and is involved in both acetylcholine release and muscle fiber contraction. Here, we demonstrate that the increases in synaptic activity by nerve stimulation couple PKC to transmitter release in the rat neuromuscular junction and increase the level of α, βI, and βII isoforms in the membrane when muscle contraction follows the stimulation. The phosphorylation activity of these classical PKCs also increases. It seems that the muscle has to contract in order to maintain or increase classical PKCs in the membrane. We use immunohistochemistry to show that PKCα and PKCβI were located in the nerve terminals, whereas PKCα and PKCβII were located in the postsynaptic and the Schwann cells. Stimulation and contraction do not change these cellular distributions, but our results show that the localization of classical PKC isoforms in the membrane is affected by synaptic activity. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:211–228, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.