bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in crucian carp (Carassius auratus cuvieri) after a single intramuscular or oral administration
Authors: ZHAO H.‐Y. , ZHANG G.‐H. , BAI L. , ZHU S. , SHAN Q. , ZENG D.‐P. , SUN Y.‐X. 
Published: March 2011

Zhao, H.‐Y., Zhang, G.‐H., Bai, L., Zhu, S., Shan, Q., Zeng, D.‐P., Sun Y.‐X. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in crucian carp (Carassius auratus cuvieri) after a single intramuscular or oral administration. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 460–463.The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) was studied in plasma after a single dose (40 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or oral gavage (p.o.) administration to crucian carp (Carassius auratus cuvieri) in freshwater at 25 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two‐compartment open models follow both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CLb), volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption half‐life (T1/2(ka)) were 0.067 L/h/kg and 0.145 L/h/kg, 2.21 L/kg and 1.04 L/kg, 2.75 and 1.54/h following i.m. and p.o. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half‐life (T1/2(β)) was calculated to be 38.2h, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) to be 16.82 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma FF concentration (Tmax) to be 1.50 h, and the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) to be 597.4 μg/mL·h. Following p.o. administration, the corresponding estimates were 2.17 h, 29.32 μg/mL, 1.61 h, and 276.1 μg/mL·h.
Co‐occurrence of argyrophilic grain disease in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Soma K. , Fu Y.‐J. , Wakabayashi K. , Onodera O. , Kakita A. , Takahashi H. 
Published: March 2011

K. Soma, Y.‐J. Fu, K. Wakabayashi, O. Onodera, A. Kakita and H. Takahashi (2012)Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology38,54–60Co‐occurrence of argyrophilic grain disease in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosisAims:Phosphorylated TDP‐43 (pTDP‐43) is the pathological protein responsible for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Recently, it has been reported that accumulation of pTDP‐43 can occur in the brains of patients with argyrophilic grain disease (AGD), in which phosphorylated 4‐repeat tau is the pathological protein. To elucidate the association of ALS with AGD, we examined the brains from 37 consecutively autopsied patients with sporadic ALS (age range 45–84 years, mean 71.5 ± 9.0 years).Methods:Sections from the frontotemporal lobe were stained with the Gallyas‐Braak method and also immunostained with antibodies against phosphorylated tau, 4‐repeat tau and pTDP‐43.Results:Fourteen (38%) of the 37 ALS patients were found to have AGD. With regard to staging, 5 of these 14 cases were rated as I, 4 as II and 5 as III. pTDP‐43 immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of positive neuronal and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the affected medial temporal lobe in many cases (93% and 64%, respectively). On the other hand, pTDP‐43‐positive small structures corresponding to argyrophilic grains were observed only in one case. A significant correlation was found between AGD and the Braak stage for neurofibrillary pathology (stage range 0–V, mean 2.1). However, there were no significant correlations between AGD and any other clinicopathological features, including dementia.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that co‐occurrence of AGD in ALS is not uncommon, and in fact comparable with that in a number of diseases belonging to the tauopathies or α‐synucleinopathies.
Consumer involvement in topic and outcome selection in the development of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Tong Allison , Lopez‐Vargas Pamela , Howell Martin , Phoon Richard , Johnson David , Campbell Denise , Walker Rowan G , Craig Jonathan C 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground  Consumer involvement in guideline development is advocated, but minimal participation, such as a nominated consumer representative on a guideline working group, can inhibit their decision‐making power and contribution. Little is known about how to involve consumers more effectively in guideline development.Objective  To describe a targeted approach for involving consumers actively in guideline development, by focusing on topic and outcome selection, and to discuss the impact on content and structure of the final guideline.Design  Descriptive study.Setting and participants  Patients and carers (n = 24) from a tertiary hospital in Sydney attended three structured peer‐facilitated workshops to complete group‐based exercises on topic and outcome selection for guidelines for early stage chronic kidney disease. These workshops were run in parallel with the guideline‐writing group. For each exercise, participants formed small groups and facilitated their own discussion, recorded their responses and presented them to the wider group. The topics and outcomes identified were fed back to the guideline writers.Results  The participants actively engaged in the workshop discussions and articulated topics and outcomes they perceived should be included in clinical guidelines. Four main changes to guideline‐related outputs were observed. A new guideline subtopic was introduced, guidelines were consumer‐endorsed, guideline recommendations and suggestions for clinical care were augmented with consumer‐focused issues, and plain English guidelines were developed.Conclusions  Consumer workshops in parallel and feeding into guideline development can be a feasible and effective approach for active consumer contribution. This process can inform the development of both consumer‐focused guidelines for clinicians and specific versions for consumers.
Clinical characteristics and molecular analysis of three Chinese children with Omenn syndrome
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Yong , Zhao Xiao‐Dong , Jiang Li‐Ping , Liu En‐Mei , Cui Yu‐Xia , Wang Mo , Wei Hong , Yu Jie , An Yun‐Fei , Yang Xi‐Qiang 
Published: March 2011

To cite this article: Zhang Z‐Y, Zhao X‐D, Jiang L‐P, Liu E‐M, Cui Y‐X, Wang M, Wei H, Yu J, An Y‐F, Yang X‐Q. Clinical characteristics and molecular analysis of three Chinese children with Omenn syndrome. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 482–487.AbstractOmenn syndrome (OS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder and presents symptoms of severe combined immunodeficiency characterized by erythrodermia, eosinophilia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and elevated serum IgE levels. OS has been found to be caused by mutations in RAG1 or RAG2 gene that result in partial V(D)J recombination activity. No study on OS has been reported in Chinese children so far. In this study, the genotype and phenotypes of three infants with OS from three unrelated Chinese families were investigated. All the three children had most of the characteristics of OS except normal serum IgE level. Compound heterozygosity mutations in RAG1 gene (1983 G>A; 2444 C>T and 2219 C>T; 3127 C>G) were identified in two cases, and a homozygous deletion mutation with a premature stop codon was found at residue 2302 of RAG1 gene (2302delT, I729X) in the remaining case, including three novel mutations (2302delT, I729X; 2219 C>T, R699W; and 3127 C>G, Y1001X). Spectratyping analysis of T‐cell receptor β‐chain variable region (TCRVβ) gene rearrangement was performed in case 1 and case 2. All the 25 TCRVβ subfamilies presented monoclonal or oligoclonal peaks in case 1 and 11 TCRVβ subfamilies were very weak or even absent in case 2. This was the first report about OS in Chinese children. Molecular genetic testing represents an important tool for early confirmed diagnosis and may allow accurate carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.
The effect of Kawasaki disease on childhood allergies – a sibling control study
Authors: Liew Woei Kang , Lim Chee Wen Terence , Tan Teng Hong , Wong Keng Yean , Tai Bee Choo , Quek Swee Chye , Bever Hugo van 
Published: March 2011

To cite this article: Liew WK, Lim CWT, Tan TH, Wong KY, Tai BC, Quek SC, Bever HV. The effect of Kawasaki disease on childhood allergies – a sibling control study. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011; 22: 488–493.AbstractObjective:  Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem inflammatory vasculitis of childhood, with widespread T‐helper cell type 1 immune activation. We hypothesize that children who suffered from KD will have a lower risk of developing allergic diseases.Study design:  This was a cross‐sectional study, recruiting children with a history of KD, together with well sibling controls. All children underwent the standardized core ISAAC questionnaire for allergy, physical examination and skin prick test evaluation. McNemar’s test was employed to evaluate the effect of Kawasaki disease on allergy. Multivariable analysis based on mixed‐effects logistic regression model was used to adjust for potential confounding effect of age and gender.Results:  One hundred and eighty‐six children (93 KD sibling pairs) completed the above evaluation. Allergic rhinitis was more common in patients with KD (crude OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.11–5.62, p = 0.024) when compared with controls. The effect was further intensified after accounting for the potential confounding effect of age and gender (adjusted OR = 2.90; 95% CI 1.27–6.60). Children in whom KD occurred beyond the age of 12 months had more allergic rhinitis (crude OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.29–16.44, p = 0.012), ‘any’ allergies (crude OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.19–15.52, p = 0.019) and Blomia tropicalis sensitization (crude OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.02–7.28, p = 0.043) when compared with their sibling controls. Interestingly, children in whom KD course resulted in no coronary artery abnormalities have more allergic rhinitis (crude OR 8.50, 95% CI 2.02–75.85, p = 0.003) and ‘any’ allergies (crude OR 5.00, 95% CI 1.41–26.94, p = 0.011), when compared with their sibling controls.Conclusion:  Kawasaki disease may be a risk factor for subsequent allergic diseases. We postulate that KD occurs more frequently in children at risk of immune disequilibrium, with an abnormal inflammatory response initially, and subsequently more allergic manifestations.
Donor specific antibodies after transplantation
Authors: Platt Jeffrey L. , Cascalho Marilia 
Published: March 2011

Platt JL, Cascalho M. Donor specific antibodies after transplantation. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 686–690. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The detection of donor‐specific antibodies after organ transplantation might provide an incisive way to monitor allo‐specific immunity and predict graft outcome. Still, the availability of new assays for these antibodies prompts us to pose some questions about results that might be observed. These questions include whether the antibodies detected in the blood are a sensitive measure of alloimmunity, whether the detected antibodies are truly specific for the donor and whether they are noxious for the graft. Here, we explain why answers to these questions might interest the basic scientist and clinician.
Graft fibrosis in patients with biliary atresia after pediatric living‐related liver transplantation
Authors: Ueno Takehisa , Tanaka Natsumi , Ihara Yoshiyuki , Takama Yuichi , Yamada Hiroyuki , Mushiake Sotaro , Fukuzawa Masahiro 
Published: March 2011

Ueno T, Tanaka N, Ihara Y, Takama Y, Yamada H, Mushiake S, Fukuzawa M. Graft fibrosis in patients with biliary atresia after pediatric living‐related liver transplantation.  Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 470–475. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Although an LDLT can successfully treat biliary atresia (BA), some patients develop liver fibrosis or inflammation. To study the incidence and risk factors associated with these complications, we performed serial protocol biopsies. Twenty‐four patients with BA who received a pediatric LDLT underwent protocol biopsies. All patients received standard tacrolimus‐based immunosuppression and steroids. The last available biopsies were assessed. The mean age at the time of transplant was 4.8 yr and the follow‐up period ranged from 1.2 to 12.3 yr. The GRWR ranged from 0.8% to 4.5%. The mean time from transplantation to the latest biopsy was 4.7 yr. No complications occurred with the biopsy protocol. The last available biopsies for 13 (54%) and 4 (17%) patients indicated grade 1 and grade 2 portal fibrosis, respectively, and 14 patients (54%) had inflammation. No ductopenia was detected. A younger age at LDLT was significantly correlated with graft fibrosis (p = 0.036). These results indicate that biopsy‐proven fibrosis can be detected in patients with BA after LDLT, even in the context of normal liver function blood tests. Therefore, a serial biopsy is a safe and effective follow‐up procedure for pediatric LDLT.
Can Helicobacter pylori‐associated dyspepsia be categorized as functional dyspepsia?
Authors: Suzuki Hidekazu , Nishizawa Toshihiro , Hibi Toshifumi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEvidence for an association between H. pylori and functional dyspepsia (FD) is uncertain. In the present review, we focused the special relevance of H. pylori infection to the development dyspepsia from the aspects of pathogensis, clinical efficacy of eradication of H. pylori in the West and in the East. Although clinical trials conducted to evaluate the efficacy of H. pylori eradication treatment for FD, including non‐ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), have yielded conflicting results, it is quite clear that H. pylori eradication treatment is effective at least in a subset of FD patients. In contrast to the previous results obtained in studies of Western populations, the result of a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial conducted in a Singapore suggests that patients with FD could benefit from H. pylori eradication therapy, with as much as a 13‐fold increase in the chance of symptom resolution. Especially in Asia, H. pylori should not be overlooked when considering the pathophysiology of FD. H. pylori‐associated dyspepsia might be dealt as a different disease entity from FD.
Current understanding of pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia
Authors: Miwa Hiroto , Watari Jiro , Fukui Hirokazu , Oshima Tadayuki , Tomita Toshihiko , Sakurai Jun , Kondo Takashi , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFunctional dyspepsia (FD) is a disorder in which upper abdominal symptoms occur in the absence of organic disease that explains them. Many pathogenic factors have been proposed for FD, including motility abnormalities, visceral hypersensitivity, psychosocial factors, excessive gastric acid secretion, Helicobacter pylori, genetics, environment, diet, lifestyle, and post‐infectious FD. Many of those pathogenic factors are also common to irritable bowel syndrome and other functional gastrointestinal disorders, so understanding FD offers a glimpse into the nature of functional gastrointestinal disorders in general. Motility abnormalities and visceral hypersensitivity are thought to be important in the manifestation of FD symptoms, but the other factors are also thought to contribute by interacting and modifying motility and visceral hypersensitivity.
Visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Kanazawa Motoyori , Hongo Michio , Fukudo Shin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAltered central processing, abnormal gastrointestinal motility and visceral hypersensitivity may be possible major pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). These factors affect each other and are probably associated with development of IBS symptoms.It has been confirmed that lower pain threshold to colonic distention was observed in most of patients with IBS than healthy subjects. We have investigated pain perception of the descending colon among different subtypes of IBS. There was no difference in pain threshold to colonic distention between IBS with diarrhea and constipation. Some brain regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may play a major role for generating pain and/or pain‐related emotion in humans. IBS patients showed greater activation in the perigenual ACC during painful rectal distention compared with healthy subjects.Inflammation, stress and the combination of both stimuli can induce significant increase in visceral sensitivity in animal models. Serotonin (5‐HT) can modulate visceral perception. It has been thought that 5‐HT3 receptors may play an important role for conveying visceral sensation from the gut. Corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) may also modulate visceral pain hypersensitivity in IBS. CRH receptor‐1 antagonist significantly prevented an increase in gut sensitivity in rats. It has been demonstrated that non‐specific CRH receptor antagonist α‐helical CRH significantly reduced abdominal pain score during gut stimulus in patients with IBS.In conclusion, visceral hypersensitivity is common in IBS patients and probably plays a major role in development of the symptoms and both central and peripheral factors may enhance the pain sensitivity.
A review of the irritable bowel syndrome investigation on epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology in China
Authors: Liu Jinsong , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional disorder with poor understanding on its pathogenesis and pathology. China has huge amount of population and have a lot of literatures on IBS in Chinese publications. The aim of this article was to review the reported investigations on IBS in China and discuss the difference between China and other country.Methods:  Literatures pertaining IBS epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology, which published in the high level journals in china and SCI journals after 1998 were reviewed.Result:  In the general health population, 5–6% meets the Rome II IBS criteria. Intestinal infection, food intolerance, genetic factor and psychological disturbance were responsible for the pathogenesis of IBS. In IBS patients, the impaired reaction to rectal distension, abnormal gastrointestinal motility, impaired autonomic nerve function, weakened colon epithelium connection, altered cerebral neuclei activation were the main pthophysiological findings.Conclusion:  Comparing to the findings from other area, literatures from China provided more evidences on epidemiological data of IBS in China, post‐infection IBS, visceral hypertension and gastrointestinal motility abnormalities in IBS. This detailed literature review may help the understanding and promoting the future studies on IBS.
Community‐based study on psychological comorbidity in functional gastrointestinal disorder
Authors: Wu Justin CY 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFunctional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) is one of the commonest digestive diseases worldwide. Current evidence supports a bio‐psycho‐social pathophysiological model for FGID, which underscores the importance of psychological and social factors in development of FGID. Concomitant psychological disorders, which include anxiety, depression and somatization, have been shown to be associated with FGID in both specialist and community‐based studies. This suggests that the association is genuine rather than biased observation in referral centers. Furthermore, psychological distress such as depression, anxiety and phobia are strongly correlated with severity of FGID symptoms.There are biologically plausible mechanisms that support the causal role of psychological disorders in FGID. Psychological distress, in particular anxiety, can induce aggravation of visceral hyperalgesia as well as hypervigilance in FGID patients. This leads to poorer quality of life and increased utilization of healthcare service in addition to worsening of symptoms.Despite the numerous reports on the potential therapeutic value of psychotropic agents and psychological intervention, the importance of screening for concomitant psychological disorder in FGID patients has not been fully recognized in daily practice. Most FGID patients tend to have very low awareness of their mood symptoms, which lead to delayed diagnosis, deterioration of disease and unnecessary investigations. Many of these patients may be reluctant to accept the diagnosis of concomitant psychological disorders and therefore a good doctor‐patient rapport and therapeutic relationship are essential for management of these patients.
Post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome: The past, the present and the future
Authors: Ghoshal Uday C , Ranjan Prabhat 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), once thought to be a psychosomatic disease, is being considered to be more organic. Post‐infectious IBS (PI‐IBS), defined as acute onset IBS (by Rome criteria) after gastrointestinal infection in an individual without prior IBS with two or more of the followings: fever, vomiting, diarrhea, a positive stool culture. The recent and old literature of PI‐IBS will be reviewed. Future directions for research will be presented.Methods:  Literature on PI‐IBS was reviewed by electronic search and cross references of these papers.Results:  Interest in studies on PI‐IBS, which was described five to six decades ago, re‐surfaced recently. 3.6 to 32% patients with acute gastroenteritis develop PI‐IBS during 3–12 month follow‐up. PI‐IBS is commonly diarrhea predominant. Factors implicated in development include nature of pathogens, duration and severity of diarrhea, younger age, female gender and psychological co‐morbidities like anxiety and depression. The pathogenesis of PI‐IBS is largely related to continuing gut inflammation due to inability of the host to contain the inflammatory reaction, altered gut microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, muscle hyper‐contractility and visceral hypersensitivity. There could be an overlap between PI‐IBS and post‐infectious malabsorption syndrome (PI‐MAS), popularly known as tropical sprue.Conclusions:  Development of IBS in a subset of patients with acute gastroenteritis is uncontested. This is expected to open a paradigm shift in understanding the pathogenesis of IBS. Future studies should address the issue of overlap of PI‐IBS and PI‐MAS. Exploring the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of PI‐IBS may help to design preventive and therapeutic strategies.