bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollination biology of Gossypium turneri: Autonomous selfing provides reproductive assurance in an endangered wild cotton from Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Yescas‐Romo Karla Fabiola , Hayano‐Kanashiro Corina , Molina‐Freaner Francisco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe wild cotton, Gossypium turneri, is a rare and endemic species from the state of Sonora, Mexico, threatened by habitat destruction, tourism development, and buffelgrass invasion in the municipality of Guaymas. As a consequence, G. turneri is now classified as endangered under Mexican legislation. This study aimed to document several aspects of the reproductive biology of this wild cotton to suggest conservation plans. The flowers of G. turneri remain open for only 1 day. Throughout the day, the flowers are visited by a diverse group of insects, including bees and butterflies. Pollination treatments revealed that this species is self‐compatible, capable of autonomous self‐pollination, and showed mixed evidence of pollen limitation. Although the flowers exhibit herkogamy, curved styles were observed that make the stigma come into contact with anthers. These results indicate that autonomous self‐pollination is caused by style curvature. Fruit set values and seed production per fruit in open pollinated control flowers were low, suggesting that this species produces a small number of seeds. These results provide new insights into this rare species, indicating that the species has a mechanism that provides reproductive assurance under low pollinator visitation, allowing for its persistence. The collection of seeds from the remaining populations for germplasm banks and the maintenance of live plants in botanical gardens are proposed for the conservation of this rare species.
The Spectrum of State Approaches to Medicaid Maternity Care Contracting
Authors: MURPHY CAITLIN , MARKUS ANNE ROSSIER , MORRIS REBECCA , JOHNSON KAY , ROSENBAUM SARA , ZEPHYRIN LAURIE C. 
Published: June 2024

Policy Points
Maternal health is influenced by the quality and accessibility of care before, during, and after pregnancy.
Nationwide, Medicaid covers nearly one in two births and uses managed care as a central means for carrying out these responsibilities. Thus, managed care plays a fundamental role in assuring timely, equitable, quality care and improving maternal health outcomes.
A close review of managed care contracts makes evident that the absence of a national set of maternal health standards has caused challenges in setting expectations for managed care performance.
State Medicaid agencies adopt a variety of approaches and underlying philosophies for contracting.
ContextManaged care is how Medicaid agencies principally furnish maternity care. For this reason, the contracts that Medicaid agencies enter into with managed care organizations have attracted strong interest as a means of improving maternal health access, quality, and equity. However, limited research has documented the extent to which states use these agreements to set binding expectations across the maternal health continuum and how states approach the task of maternal health contracting.MethodsTo explore maternal health contracting within Medicaid Managed Care, this study took a three‐phase, sequential approach: (1) an extensive literature review to identify clinical guidelines and expert recommendations regarding maternal health “best practices” for people with elevated health and social needs, (2) a review of the managed care contracts in use across 40 states and Washington, DC, to determine the extent to which they incorporate these best practices, and (3) interviews conducted with four state Medicaid agencies to better understand how states approach maternal health when developing their contracts.FindingsThe evidence on maternal health best practices reveals nearly 60 “best practices,” although the literature review also underscored the extent to which these recommendations are fragmented across numerous professional bodies and government agencies and are thus difficult for Medicaid agencies to ascertain. The contracts themselves reflect an approach to the maternal health continuum in a fragmented and incomplete way. Thematic analysis of interviews with state Medicaid agencies revealed three key approaches to contracting for maternity care: an “organic” approach, an “intentional” approach, and an approach “grounded” in state strategy.ConclusionsThe absence of comprehensive, integrated guidelines reflecting the full maternal health continuum likely complicates the contracting task and contributes to incomplete, ambiguous contracts. A major step would be the development of a “best practices tool” that helps state Medicaid agencies translate evidence into comprehensive, clear contracting expectations.
Time series methods for the analysis of soundscapes and other cyclical ecological data
Authors: Yoh Natalie , Haley Charlotte L. , Burivalova Zuzana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Biodiversity monitoring has entered an era of ‘big data’, exemplified by a near‐continuous collection of sounds, images, chemical and other signals from organisms in diverse ecosystems. Such data streams have the potential to help identify new threats, assess the effectiveness of conservation interventions, as well as generate new ecological insights. However, appropriate analytical methods are often still missing, particularly with respect to characterizing cyclical temporal patterns.

Here, we present a framework for characterizing and analysing ecological responses that represent nonstationary, complex temporal patterns and demonstrate the value of using Fourier transforms to decorrelate continuous data points. In our example, we use a framework based on three approaches (spectral analysis, magnitude squared coherence, and principal component analysis) to characterize differences in tropical forest soundscapes within and across sites and seasons in Gabon.

By reconstructing the underlying, cyclic behaviour of the soundscape for each site, we show how one can identify circadian patterns in acoustic activity. Soundscapes in the dry season had a complex diel cycle, requiring multiple harmonics to represent daily variation, while in the wet season there was less variance attributable to the daily cyclic patterns.

Our framework can be applied to most continuous, or near‐continuous ecological data collected at a fine temporal resolution, allowing ecologists to explore patterns of temporal autocorrelation at multiple levels for biologically meaningful trends. Such methods will become indispensable as biological big data are used to understand the impact of anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity and to inform efforts to mitigate them.
Beyond the numbers: Classifying contributory factors and potentially avoidable adverse events in the gynaecology service of National Women's Health at Auckland District Health Board
Authors: Sathiyaselvan Ahalya , Harilall Mahesh , Blaj Ines , Eva Lois , Farquhar Cynthia 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAdverse events (AEs) during health care are common and may have long‐term consequences for patients. Although there is a tradition of reviewing morbidity and mortality in gynaecology, there is no recommended system for reporting contributory factors and potential avoidability.AimsTo identify factors that contributed to AEs in the gynaecology service at National Women's Health at Auckland District Health Board and to determine potential avoidability, with the use of a multidisciplinary morbidity review.Materials and MethodsContributory factors from a review of AEs in gynaecology services were identified and classified as organisational and/or management factors, personnel factors and barriers to patients accessing and engaging with care. Potential avoidability of the AE was also considered. A descriptive analysis of the morbidity review of patients who had an AE from 2019 to 2022 was undertaken.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐three cases of AEs were reviewed and 77 (50.3%) were associated with contributory factors. Of all cases, 45 (29.4%) had organisational factors, 54 (35.3%) had personnel factors and patient factors resulting in barriers to care contributing to 11 (7.2%) cases. Sixty‐five cases (42.5%) were classified as potentially avoidable. Of these 65 cases, 38 (58.5%) had organisational factors, 48 (73.8%) had personnel factors and nine (13.9%) had barriers to care.ConclusionsThe AE review process reported 50.3% of AEs had contributory factors that were classified as organisational, personnel and barriers to patients accessing care and that 42.5% of the AEs were potentially avoidable. These reviews can be used for making recommendations that potentially lead to improvements in gynaecology.
Effect of a powered and a manual toothbrush in subjects susceptible to gingival recession: A 36‐month randomized controlled clinical study
Authors: Sutor Simone , Graetz Christian , Geiken Antje , Straßburger Martin , Löwe Carolin , Holtmann Bernhard , Conrad Jonas , Sälzer Sonja , Dörfer Christof E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this long‐term clinical study was to evaluate the influence of a newly developed powered toothbrush (PT) on the size and number of pre‐existing gingival recessions (GR) in comparison to a manual toothbrush (MT).MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐blind, parallel‐group, randomized controlled clinical study. Participants without periodontitis, but with at least two teeth (index teeth) showing GR ≥2 mm were randomized to brush either twice daily with a MT or with a PT with a linear magnetic drive causing the round brush head to produce gentle micro vibrations along with oscillating‐rotating movements. Primary outcome parameter was the mean change of GR at the index teeth over 36 months.ResultsTotally 87 out of 92 participants completed the study (MT/PT: n = 42/n = 45). At the 36‐month evaluation the mean (standard deviation) change of GR at index teeth differed significantly between MT 0.17 (0.77) and PT −0.10 (0.63) (p = 0.013). Furthermore, the amount of GR sites which improved ≥1 mm or remained stable during the study period did not differ between MT and PT, but the number of sites worsened ≥1 mm was significantly in favour for PT (MT 23 (25.5%) versus PT 10 (10.6%); p = 0.009). A binary logistic regression identified tooth type (OR = 2.991 for pre−/molar (1.096 [95% CI 1.002–8.933]; p = 0.050)) and manual brushing (OR = 3.341 (1.206 [95% CI 1291–8648]; p = 0.013)) as risk factors for recession impairment at the index teeth. There were no differences between groups for adverse events.ConclusionIn a population with pre‐existing gingival recessions and consequently a high risk of developing further recession the PT seems to be favourable with regard to further development of GR.
Strategic channel decisions for the supplier and specialized e‐retailer in the presence of a third‐party marketplace
Authors: Sun Shuxiao , Hu Huaqing , Ge Zehui , Li Yanlin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the advancement of e‐commerce and the intensification of market competition, many suppliers have leveraged third‐party online marketplaces to expand their sales channels and bolster competitiveness. This poses potential threats to e‐retailers specializing in the core business of certain categories. This study examines a specialized e‐retailer's selling mode choice (reselling, in‐marketplace selling, or agency selling mode) and how this choice interacts with a supplier's channel strategy (marketplace, e‐retailer, or both/dual channels) in the presence of a third‐party marketplace. Our findings indicate that (1) the e‐retailer's optimal selling mode is contingent on the supplier's sales service quality and efficiency, and the e‐retailer's market occupation. Generally, when initially occupying a small market, the e‐retailer prefers selling in a third‐party marketplace, whereas when the initial market is relatively large, the e‐retailer is more inclined to opt for the reselling (agency selling) mode if the supplier's sales efficiency is low (high). Additionally, if the supplier's sales service quality is low, the e‐retailer will never choose the agency selling mode. (2) Exclusively introducing the marketplace channel is not the optimal choice for the supplier. Instead, adopting a dual channel is better when the direct selling cost is not too high. (3) Under certain scenarios, the supplier can manipulate the e‐retailer's channel by introducing the marketplace channel and offering a reference price without actually selling any products.
Intermittent hypoxia increases lipid insulin resistance in healthy humans: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Briançon‐Marjollet Anne , Netchitaïlo Marie , Fabre Fanny , Belaidi Elise , Arnaud Claire , Borel Anne‐Laure , Levy Patrick , Pépin Jean‐Louis , Tamisier Renaud 
Published: June 2024

SummarySympathetic overactivity caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia is a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea. A high sympathetic tone elicits increases in plasma free fatty acid and insulin. Our objective was to assess the impact of 14 nights of chronic intermittent hypoxia exposure on sympathetic activity, glucose control, lipid profile and subcutaneous fat tissue remodelling in non‐obese healthy humans. In this prospective, double‐blinded crossover study, 12 healthy subjects were randomized, among them only nine underwent the two phases of exposures of 14 nights chronic intermittent hypoxia versus air. Sympathetic activity was measured by peroneal microneurography (muscle sympathetic nerve activity) before and after each exposure. Fasting glucose, insulin, C‐peptide and free fatty acid were assessed at rest and during a multisampling oral glucose tolerance test. We assessed histological remodelling, adrenergic receptors, lipolysis and lipogenesis genes expression and functional changes of the adipose tissue. Two weeks of exposure of chronic intermittent hypoxia versus ambient air significantly increased sympathetic activity (p = 0.04). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity increased from 24.5 [18.9; 26.8] before to 21.7 [13.8; 25.7] after ambient air exposure, and from 20.6 [17.4; 23.9] before to 28.0 [24.4; 31.5] bursts per min after exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia. After chronic intermittent hypoxia, post‐oral glucose tolerance test circulating free fatty acid area under the curve increased (p = 0.05) and free fatty acid sensitivity to insulin decreased (p = 0.028). In adipocyte tissue, intermittent hypoxia increased expression of lipolysis genes (adipocyte triglyceride lipase and hormone‐sensitive lipase) and lipogenesis genes (fatty acid synthase; p < 0.05). In this unique experimental setting in healthy humans, chronic intermittent hypoxia induced high sympathetic tone, lipolysis and decreased free fatty acid sensitivity to insulin. This might participate in the trajectory to systemic insulin resistance and diabetes for patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Supernatural Attributions for Extraordinary Events: Examining Cognitive and Contextual Predictors
Authors: Wilt Joshua A. , Exline Julie J. , Stauner Nick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhy do people make supernatural attributions (SA) for events? This article focused on five possible predictors: stressfulness, unusual events, religiousness, seeing a supernatural explanation as meaningful, and seeing supernatural entities as powerful. We also predicted that people would be more likely to adopt supernatural explanations seen as highly accessible, motivating, and plausible. We focused primarily on SA in general and secondarily on specific entities. We tested preregistered hypotheses using survey data in two samples of undergraduates: one reporting life‐changing events (N = 594) and another reporting on an event with a supernatural air, or supernaturally perceived events (N = 475). Results supported all proposed predictors except for stressfulness. Path analyses revealed that, in both samples, predictors were linked with seeing supernatural explanations as accessible, plausible, and motivating; these ratings, in turn, had positive associations with SA. These results begin to integrate previous theory and research on individual predictors of SA.
The impacts of exchange rate on US adjusted bilateral trade balance with Germany under Brexit: A comparative analysis
Authors: Ongan Serdar , Gocer Ismet , Karamelikli Huseyin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study reveals the hidden dynamics of USA‐Germany international trade through a revised J‐curve hypothesis. It emphasizes the inadequacy of the traditional Bilateral Trade Balance (BTB) ratio based on total exports. To this aim, it introduces two new testing approaches based on adjusted BTB: the GDP‐driven‐BTB‐based J‐curve hypothesis (GDPJ) and the Non‐GDP‐driven‐BTB‐based J‐curve hypothesis (NGDPJ). The empirical findings advocate the necessity of these alternative tests, offering policymakers more informative results than the traditional approach. GDPJ is validated for 13 goods, while NGDPJ and traditional methods are validated for 10 and 8 goods. These results underscore the risks of solely relying on the traditional approach. By embracing the revised J‐curve hypothesis and alternative BTBs, policymakers can gain deeper insights into the USA‐Germany trade relationship. One interpretation is that, under Brexit, German consumers reduce their purchases of re‐exported goods more than domestically produced goods from the US.
Identifying measures for coverage of nutrition‐sensitive social protection programs: Learnings from India
Authors: Nguyen Phuong Hong , Avula Rasmi , Neupane Sumanta , Akseer Nadia , Heidkamp Rebecca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOptimal child growth requires a combination of nutrition‐specific and sensitive interventions in the first 1,000 days. There is limited guidance on how to measure the population‐level coverage of nutrition‐sensitive social protection (NSSP), which is designed with explicit nutrition goals and often provides food or cash transfers and co‐coverage with nutrition and health intervention. In this study in India, we designed a questionnaire that captures seven core NSSP program elements (transfer type, size, modality, population, timing, provider, conditionalities), then used cognitive testing to refine the questionnaire, and then implemented the questions as part of a telephone survey. Cognitive testing indicated variability in understanding the terms used to specify NSSP programs, including the need to use regional program names. Respondents also had difficulty recalling the timing of the benefit receipt. We included the refined NSSP coverage questions in a phone‐based survey with 6,627 mothers with children <2 years across six states. Coverage of subsidized food was 73% across all households. Women were more likely to report receiving food than cash transfers during pregnancy (89% vs. 60%) and during lactation (75% vs. 13%). Co‐coverage of NSSP with nutrition and health interventions during pregnancy (16%) and early childhood (3%) was low. It was feasible to measure coverage of NSSP investments in these populations; however, further research is needed to comprehensively assess all the dimensions of the NSSP benefits, including benefit adequacy and the validity of these questions when administered in person and by phone.
The disaster liaison for pediatric and perinatal medicine: A new system in Japan
Authors: Ito Tomoya , Misaki Miho , Iwaibara Takayuki , Shimizu Naoki , Nakamura Yasuhide , Takahashi Kenzo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, children, newborns, and pregnant or postpartum women are vulnerable to disasters and emergency situations, and providing support to this population is of great concern. Japan is located in a disaster‐prone area, so disaster response and risk reduction strategies are important priorities.MethodsWe introduce a system called the Disaster Liaison for Pediatric and Perinatal Medicine (DLPPM). This was created with a specific focus on perinatal children and pregnant women in Japan. We report the details of its activities, discuss its challenges, and draw on lessons learned for the further development of perinatal support systems, particularly for children.ResultsThe lessons learned from the activities of the DLPPM include the following: (1) establish a support system for emergency specialists beyond those with pediatric and perinatal specialties; (2) mitigate the risk of indirect damage caused by primary disasters; and (3) establish a networking function linked to existing pediatric and perinatal medicine facilities.ConclusionsBy establishing similar systems, we believe that it will be feasible to address pediatric and perinatal care needs in disaster response contexts in other countries and regions around the world.
Physical and virtual spaces across a continuum of remoteness: Exploring spatial ruptures in remote court hearings
Authors: Hynes Jo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe rapid increase in the use of remote platforms in court hearings has fundamentally changed the nature of hearings and produced a productive point of reflection for digital and legal geographies. This paper uses geographical theorisations of space to make sense of digital developments in court space. It proposes that the introduction of remote platforms generates three spatial ruptures in court hearings: the space of remote hearings is dispersed across multiple sites, stretched into non‐traditional justice spaces, and sometimes snapped back into the physical hearing centre. Analysing these spatial ruptures through ethnographic research conducted in immigration bail hearings in the UK offers insights into the relationship between physical and virtual hearing spaces. Specifically, it reveals three things about this relationship: that physical and virtual hearing spaces are relational; that remoteness does not annihilate hearing space; and that remoteness can be best understood as existing on a continuum. In doing so, this paper seeks to bring legal geography's well‐developed understanding of court space into conversation with recent digital developments in courts.
Waste Heat Recovery From Exhaust Gases Using Porous Metal Fins: A Three-Dimensional Numerical Study
Authors: Raje Mohit , Dhiman Amit Kumar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of different porous metal samples on the hydro-thermal characteristics of a single cylinder with porous fins using computational fluid dynamics. Commercially used porous samples with pore densities of 10, 20, and 40 PPI were used in this study for heat recovery from exhaust flue gas. The three-dimensional computational domain with porous aluminum fins attached to a tube over which high-temperature exhaust gas flows in a crossflow arrangement mimics a waste heat recovery system. Computations were performed at Reynolds number of 6000–9000, using the realizable κ-ϵ turbulence model. Three fin diameter-to-tube diameter ratios (Df /D = 2, 2.5, and 3) were considered. The local thermal nonequilibrium model is implemented for energy transfer, as it is more accurate for a high-temperature gradient scenario in a waste heat recovery system. The foam sample with the highest pore density was observed to have the highest pressure drop due to low permeability. A maximum heat transfer and Nusselt number were achieved for a 40 PPI foam sample due to a reduced flowrate inside the porous zone. The overall performance of metal foam samples at varying fin diameters was evaluated based on the area goodness factor (j/f) and a heat transfer coefficient ratio to pumping power per unit heat transfer surface (Z/E). The analysis of these two parameters suggests using 20 PPI foam at Df /D = 2.