bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of Flower‐like Structure ϵ‐MnO2 as Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Dan , Du Guodong , Wang Jieqiang , Guo Zaiping , Chen Zhixin , Liu Huakun 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNanostructured flower‐like ϵ‐MnO2 and α‐MnO2 nanowires were prepared by the microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method at 110 °C and 140 °C. The ϵ‐nanoflowers are about 500 nm in size and are composed of petals about 100 nm in length, while the α‐nanowires are 20‐30 μm in diameter and about 1 mm in length. The ϵ‐MnO2 demonstrates higher initial discharge capacity, while the α‐MnO2 shows greater cycling stability in different voltage ranges. Both phases of MnO2 show better cycling performance in ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate electrolyte (DEC) than in EC/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) electrolyte. The ϵ‐MnO2 sample delivered a discharge capacity of 116.2 mAh g−1 for up to 100 cycles, indicating that it is a promising cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
Preparation and Characterization of Fe‐substituted Li3V2(PO4)3 Cathodes for Li‐ion Batteries
Authors: Wu She‐hung , Chen Mao‐Sung , Pang Wei Kong , Liu Fan‐Ping 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study, Li3V2(1‐x)Fe3x(PO4)3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.09) powders are prepared via a solution method and heattreated at 700 °C for 8 hours. The chemical composition, morphology, crystalline structure, and valence of iron in the prepared samples were investigated with ICP, SEM, XRD, and EXAFS. The effects of Fe‐substitution for vanadium sites on the electrochemical properties as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries are studied with capacity retention study and incremental capacity analysis. In addition to the monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3 phase, olivine LiFePO4 is also observed when x ≥ 0.03. The valence of iron in the prepared powders is predominately 3+ at low substitution level (x ≤ 0.05), while the ratio of the Fe2+ to Fe3+ increases abruptly when the substitution level is higher than x = 0.07. Among the prepared samples, Li3V1.86Fe0.21(PO4)3 shows the best cycling performance at rates higher than 1C. It demonstrates discharge capacities of 141.2 mAh/g for second cycle and 126 mAh/g after 30 cycles at 5C rate.
MR assessment of regional myocardial mechanics
Authors: Simpson Robin M. , Keegan Jennifer , Firmin David N. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRegional myocardial function can be measured by several MR techniques including tissue tagging, phase velocity mapping, and more recently, displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) and strain encoding (SENC). Each of these techniques was developed separately and has undergone significant change since its original implementation. As a result, in the current literature, the common features and the differences between the techniques and what they measure are often unclear and confusing. This review article delivers an extensively referenced introductory text which clarifies the current methodology from the starting point of the Bloch equations. By doing this in a consistent way for each method, the similarities and differences between them are highlighted. In addition, their capabilities and limitations are discussed, together with their relative advantages and disadvantages. While the focus is on sequence design and development, the principal parameters measured by each technique are also summarized, together with brief results, with the reader being directed to the extensive literature on data processing and clinical applications for more detail. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:576–599. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis C viremia and genotype distribution among a sample of nonmedical prescription drug users exposed to HCV in rural Appalachia
Authors: Young April M. , Crosby Richard A. , Oser Carrie B. , Leukefeld Carl G. , Stephens Dustin B. , Havens Jennifer R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that hepatitis C (HCV) genotype distribution varies geographically and demographically. This exploratory study examines HCV viremia, viral concentration, and genotype distribution among anti‐HCV positive, rural Appalachian nonmedical prescription drug users. The study population was randomly selected from a pool of 200 anti‐HCV positive participants in a longitudinal study. Those randomly chosen were representative of the overall pool in terms of demographics, drug use, and other risk behaviors. Participants were tested serologically for HCV RNA, viral concentration, and genotype, and interview‐administered questionnaires examined behavioral and demographic characteristics. Of the 81 participants, 69% tested RNA positive, 59% of which had viral loads exceeding 800,000 IU/ml. Approximately 66% of the RNA positive sample had genotype 1a; types 2b (16%) and 3a (13%) were less common. RNA positive participants were not significantly different than RNA negative participants demographically or behaviorally. Likewise, with the exception of education, genotype 1 participants were not significantly different than those with genotype 2 or 3. The prevalence of active HCV infection highlights a need for prevention and treatment in this population. However, the predominance of genotype 1 may present challenges due to its association with decreased responsiveness to drug treatment, although the novel class of direct‐acting antivirals such as telaprevir and boceprevir offer new hope in this regard. The prevalence of genotype 1 may also foreshadow heightened burden of hepatocellular carcinoma and elevated healthcare expenditures. More research is needed to characterize HCV infection and genotype in this population. J. Med. Virol. 84:1376–1387, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal observation of Epstein–Barr virus antibodies in athletes during a competitive season
Authors: Pottgiesser Torben , Schumacher Yorck Olaf , Wolfarth Bernd , Schmidt‐Trucksäss Arno , Bauer Georg 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) serology continues to be the first diagnostic test when infectious mononucleosis is suspected. Due to possible mild immunosuppression in competitive athletes, EBV reactivation determined by increases in salivary viral load have been identified as one possible cause in recurrent respiratory infections. The long‐term variation in EBV antibody levels in athletes compared to a control group remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to investigate the time course of changes in concentration of EBV antibodies in athletes with special emphasis on antibodies against early antigens (EAs) and avidity determination. During a competition season of approximately 12 months, the serological status of 15 biathletes (age 27 ± 3 years, 7 female, 8 male, international to Olympic level) was compared with 11 controls (age 23 ± 1 years; 1 female 10 male) at multiple time points. In addition, 43 healthy swimmers (age 22 ± 4 years, 18 female, 25 male, national to international level) were tested to validate the results with only two time points interspersed by approximately 6 months of intensive physical exercise. Analysis of quantitative antibody intensity bands revealed stable values during a competition season. In particular, IgG‐antibodies against EAs may persist and were found in 15% of past infections in swimmers exhibiting fluctuations in concentration after 6 months. These results provide evidence that positive Anti‐EA‐IgG may persist in healthy athletes and thus, should not be used to diagnose EBV reactivations or to identify a compromised immune function. J. Med. Virol. 84:1415–1422, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of polyomaviruses replication in pediatric patients with nephropathy receiving rituximab
Authors: Delbue Serena , Ferraresso Mariano , Elia Francesca , Belingheri Mirco , Carloni Camilla , Signorini Lucia , Carluccio Silvia , Dallari Simone , Ghio Luciana , Ferrante Pasquale 
Published: July 2012

AbstractRituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody reacting with the CD20 antigen on B cells. It has been proposed as treatment for the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, recurrent idiopathic nephropathy, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis refractory to steroids. Rituximab influences T‐cell immunity and may predispose the patients to opportunistic infections, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy caused by the polyomavirus JC (JCV). The risk of latent viruses infections/reactivations in pediatric patients receiving monoclonal antibodies is not well known yet. In this longitudinal 6‐month study, the effects of rituximab on JCV and BK virus (BKV) replication have been investigated. Blood, serum, and urine samples have been collected monthly from 11 pediatric patients (mean age: 11 years) with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and recurrent idiopathic nephropathy, under rituximab therapy. JCV and BKV real‐time PCRs and sequencing of the viral protein 1 and the non‐coding control region have been conducted. The same investigations have been undertaken on samples collected from eight pediatric patients (controls, mean age: 6 years), with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, treated with conventional chemotherapy. JCV was detected in the urine of one patient (9%), and one control (12.5%); BKV was found in the urine of 7/11 patients (63.6%) and 2/8 controls (25%) and in blood samples from four patients. No significant difference was found in the mean viral loads and in the viral molecular characterizations between the two groups. The polyomaviruses replication was not associated with rituximab therapy in children. J. Med. Virol. 84:1464–1470, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of abnormal anal cytology in women infected with HIV
Authors: Chaves Eunice Beatriz Martin , Folgierini Heloísa , Capp Edison , von Eye Corleta Helena 
Published: July 2012

AbstractAnal cancer is a rare disease. Nevertheless, it may be a reason for concern among groups in which its incidence is increasing: those who engage in anoreceptive intercourse, promiscuous persons, and those with sexually transmitted infections (HPV and HIV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology in women infected with HIV seen at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. A cross‐sectional design was used. Anal smear screening was offered to all women infected with HIV seen at the hospital's outpatient sexually transmitted infections clinic from March 2006 to March 2008. A total of 184 patients were thus enrolled. Only patients who gave written consent were included in the study. The prevalence of abnormal anal cytology was 14.1% (26 patients). Twenty‐two patients presented atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and four exhibited low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Initially, abnormal anal cytology was significantly associated with age, number of pregnancies, smoking, abnormal cervical cytology, CD4+ < 200 cells/mm3 and hepatitis C co‐infection. After adjustment, only CD4+ < 200 cells/mm3 and smoking were found to increase the risk of altered anal cytology. The anal Pap method described is simple and can be used for screening in cohorts of HIV‐positive women who are at risk of developing anal carcinoma, mainly those with CD4+ counts <200 cells/mm3 and smokers. J. Med. Virol. 84:1335–1339, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in New Zealand from 2002–2009
Authors: Greening Gail E. , Hewitt Joanne , Rivera‐Aban Malet , Croucher Dawn 
Published: July 2012

AbstractNoroviruses are the most common cause of acute non‐bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide, including New Zealand. New Zealand has a population of 4.4 million, which allows for centralized outbreak surveillance and a Norovirus Reference Laboratory, which facilitates efficient diagnosis, surveillance, and tracking of norovirus outbreaks. Norovirus outbreak strains are identified, sequenced, and compared with international reference strains. Between January 2002 and December 2009, 1,206 laboratory‐confirmed norovirus outbreaks were recorded. The predominant outbreak settings were healthcare institutions for the elderly and acute care patients. Other outbreak settings included catering establishments, cruise ships, homes, community events, school camps, child‐related settings, and consumption of contaminated shellfish. Of the 1,206 outbreaks, 105 (8.7%) were caused by norovirus genogroup I (GI) strains, 1,085 (89.9%) were caused by genogroup II (GII) strains, and both GI and GII strains were detected in 9 (0.8%) outbreaks. The genogroup was not identified in 7 (0.6%) outbreaks. A range of norovirus genotypes, including GI genotypes 1–6, GII genotypes 2–8, and GII.12, were associated with these outbreaks. The predominant genotype was GII.4, which was identified in 825 (68.4%) outbreaks. Norovirus GII.4 variant strains, including 2002 (Farmington Hills), 2004 (Hunter), 2006a (Laurens, Yerseke), 2006b (Minerva), and 2010 (New Orleans) implicated in overseas outbreaks also occurred in New Zealand, providing evidence of global spread. J. Med. Virol. 84:1449–1458, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolation of saffold virus type 2 in green monkey kidney cells
Authors: Blomqvist Soile , Lappalainen Maija , Paananen Anja , Ylipaasto Petri , Roivainen Merja 
Published: July 2012

AbstractSaffold viruses (SAFV) have been discovered recently and they are classified into Theilovirus species in genus Cardiovirus in the Picornaviridae family. SAFV, especially those belonging to the genotype 2, have been difficult to propagate in laboratory cell lines. This study describes the successful isolation of an efficiently growing SAFV‐2 strain directly from a stool specimen by standard virological methods. The availability of SAFV isolates that can be propagated to high titers is crucial to the future studies on pathogenesis and epidemiology of these novel human viruses. J. Med. Virol. 84:1497–1500, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of a new SRS‐promoting phonon mode and cross‐cascaded χ(3)‐nonlinear lasing in single crystals of calcite (trigonal CaCO3)
Authors: Bohat L. , Becker P. , Rhee H. , Lux O. , Eichler H.J. , Yoneda H. , Kaminskii A.A. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractFor calcite (CaCO3), one of the pioneer crystals in nonlinear optics, new results of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectroscopy are presented. Among them are the discovery of a new SRS‐promoting vibration mode with ωSRS2 ≈︁ 282 cm‐1 and its participation, together with the main SRS mode ωSRS1 ≈︁ 1086.5 cm‐1, in cross‐cascaded (χ(3) ↔ χ(3)) nonlinear‐lasing generation, as well as the observation of efficient self‐upconversion via cascaded parametric four‐wave processes of one‐micron Stokes and anti‐Stokes χ(3)‐lasing into the UV‐region of third harmonic generation. The investigations show that calcite is able to generate a χ(3)‐lasing comb of more than two octaves bandwidth. The article also gives a brief review on the discovery and study of the SRS‐effect in natural crystals (minerals), which have expanded our ability to study the photon‐phonon nonlinear‐laser interactions in crystalline materials. A short summary of information about χ(3)‐lasing properties of the triangular planar structure units in SRS‐active crystals is included.
The Bohr Theorem for slice regular functions
Authors: Rocchetta Chiara Della , Gentili Graziano , Sarfatti Giulia 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this paper we prove the Bohr Theorem for slice regular functions. Following the historical path that led to the proof of the classical Bohr Theorem, we also extend the Borel‐Carathéodory Theorem to the new setting.
The role of backpressure during large scale Equal‐Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: Frint P. , Hockauf M. , Halle T. , Wagner M.F.‐X. , Lampke T. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIn this study we investigate the influence of various magnitudes of backpressure (0 to 200 MPa) during large scale (cross‐section 50×50 mm2) equal‐channel angular pressing (ECAP). We focus on the homogeneity of the induced strain and, within this context, on the homogeneity of the resulting mechanical properties after one pass of ECAP at room temperature. We find that large scale ECAP without the application of a backpressure clearly leads to heterogeneous shear strains, causing heterogeneous mechanical properties. A pronounced maximum of hardness next to a local minimum at the billet's bottom occurs; in the absence of backpressure during processing, its expansion covers almost one half of the cross‐section. The application of a backpressure close to the material's proof stress after processing (in this case 200 MPa) results in an excellent homogeneity with a negligible local heterogeneity at the bottom of the billet.
Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli virulence genes in the feces of slaughtered cattle, chickens, and pigs in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kagambèga Assèta , Martikainen Outi , Siitonen Anja , Traoré Alfred S. , Barro Nicolas , Haukka Kaisa 
Published: July 2012

AbstractWe investigated the prevalence of the virulence genes specific for five major pathogroups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in primary cultures from feces of animals slaughtered for human consumption in Burkina Faso. For the study, 704 feces samples were collected from cattle (n = 304), chickens (n = 350), and pigs (n = 50) during carcass processing. The presence of the virulence‐associated genes in the mixed bacterial cultures was assessed using 16‐plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Virulence genes indicating presence of DEC were detected in 48% of the cattle, 48% of the chicken, and 68% of the pig feces samples. Virulence genes specific for different DECs were detected in the following percentages of the cattle, chicken, and pig feces samples: Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli (STEC) in 37%, 6%, and 30%; enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in 8%, 37%, and 32%; enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in 4%, 5%, and 18%; and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) in 7%, 6%, and 32%. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) virulence genes were detected in 1% of chicken feces samples only. The study was the first of its kind in Burkina Faso and revealed the common occurrence of the diarrheal virulence genes in feces of food animals. This indicates that food animals are reservoirs of DEC that may contaminate meat because of the defective slaughter and storage conditions and pose a health risk to the consumers in Burkina Faso.
Surgical strategies based on standard templates for microsurgical reconstruction of oral cavity and oropharynx soft tissue: A 20 years' experience
Authors: Caliceti Umberto , Piccin Ottavio , Sgarzani Rossella , Negosanti Luca , Fernandez Ignacio Javier , Nebiaj Aurel , Contedini Federico , Cipriani Riccardo , Ceroni Alberto Rinaldi 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundMicrosurgical reconstruction has become the worldwide gold standard for repairing surgical defects in head and neck cancer. The aim of this article is to describe a standardized reconstructive approach to the oral cavity and oropharynx soft tissue defects.Patients and methodsSince 1992, the authors have treated 163 patients affected by oral cavity and oropharynx cancer, performing a total of 175 flaps. A systematic postoperative functional study prompted a surgical strategy, in terms of flap choice, shape, and insetting. A two‐dimensional template was used to obtain a three‐dimensional reconstruction for the best functional and aesthetic outcome. To simplify preoperative planning, surgical resections were divided into a set number of classes. The templates, flap choice, and insetting are described for each region.ResultsComplications consisted of seven partial necroses of the flap which easily resolved with a local toilette and 12 complete necroses of the flap due to vascular thrombosis, these patients required a secondary reconstruction with another free flap.Functional results were systematically evaluated in the first 60 patients of our series with particular attention to the swallowing function, which was analyzed by both videofluoroscopy and functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Results showed a good functional recovery with the described reconstructive techniques.ConclusionA standardized surgical strategy based on reproducible templates might facilitate less experienced surgeons in analyzing the problem, choosing the best technical solution and foreseeing the functional outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Composite osseomusculocutaneous sternum, ribs, thymus, pectoralis muscles, and skin allotransplantation model of bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Bozkurt Mehmet , Klimczak Aleksandra , Nasir Serdar , Zor Fatih , Krokowi̇cz Lukasz , Siemionow Maria 
Published: July 2012

AbstractCellular and vascularized bone marrow cells have been used to induce donor‐specific chimerism in various models of composite tissue allotransplantation. Although thymus transplantation has been reported in the literature, the effect of thymus transplantation on chimerism levels in vascularized bone containing composite tissue allotransplantation has not been reported. In this study, a new method for composite vascularized sternal bone marrow transplant model is descried that can be applied to augment chimerism after transplantation. A total of seven composite osseomusculocutaneous sternum, ribs, thymus, pectoralis muscles, and skin transplantations were performed in two groups. The first group (n = 5) was designed as an allotransplantation group and the second group (n = 2) was designed as an isotransplantation group. Composite osseomusculocutaneous sternum, ribs, thymus, and pectoralis muscles allografts were harvested on thecommon carotid artery and external jugular vein and a heterotopic transplantation was performed to the inguinal region of the recipient rat. Cyclosporine A monotherapy was administered in order to prevent acute and chronic allograft rejection. Animals sacrificed when any sign of rejection occurred. The longest survival was 156 day post‐transplant. Assessment of bone marrow cells within sternum bone component and flow cytometry analysis of donor‐specific chimerism in the peripheral blood of recipients were evaluated. Our results showed that thiscomposite allograft carried 7.5 × 106 of viable hematopoietic cells within the sternum component. At day 7 post‐transplant chimerism was developed in T‐cell population and mean level was assessed at 2.65% for RT1n/CD4 and at 1.0% for RT1n/CD8. In this study, a newosseomusculocutaneous sternum, ribs, thymus, pectoralis muscle, and skin allotransplantation model is reported which can be usedto augment hematopoietic activity for chimerism induction after transplantation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Patient‐identified disease burden in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Johnson Nicholas E. , Quinn Christine , Eastwood Eileen , Tawil Rabi , Heatwole Chad R. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractIntroduction:The multitude of symptoms associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) disease burden are of varying importance. The extent of these symptoms and their cumulative effect on the FSHD population is unknown.Methods:We conducted interviews with adult FSHD patients to identify which symptoms have the greatest effect on their lives. Each interview was recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using a qualitative framework technique, triangulation, and a three‐investigator consensus approach.Results:One thousand three hundred seventy‐five quotes were obtained through 20 patient interviews. Two hundred fifty‐one symptoms of importance were identified representing 14 themes of FSHD disease burden. Symptoms associated with mobility impairment, activity limitation, and social role limitation were most frequently mentioned by participants.Conclusions:There are multiple themes and symptoms, some previously underrecognized, that play a key role in FSHD disease burden. Muscle Nerve, 2012