bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale to Predict Survival After Surgery for Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Park John K. , Hodges Tiffany , Arko Leopold , Shen Michael , Dello Iacono Donna , McNabb Adrian , Olsen Bailey Nancy , Kreisl Teri Nguyen , Iwamoto Fabio M. , Sul Joohee , Auh Sungyoung , Park Grace E. , Fine Howard A. , Black Peter McL. 
Published: July 2010

Purpose Despite initial treatment with surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) virtually always recurs. Surgery is sometimes recommended to treat recurrence. In this study, we sought to devise a preoperative scale that predicts survival after surgery for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Patients and Methods The preoperative clinical and radiographic data of 34 patients who underwent re-operation of recurrent GBM tumors were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. The factors associated with decreased postoperative survival (P < .05) were used to devise a prognostic scale which was validated with a separate cohort of 109 patients. Results The factors associated with poor postoperative survival were: tumor involvement of prespecified eloquent/critical brain regions (P = .021), Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≤ 80 (P = .030), and tumor volume ≥ 50 cm3 (P = .048). An additive scale (range, 0 to 3 points) comprised of these three variables distinguishes patients with good (0 points), intermediate (1 to 2 points), and poor (3 points) postoperative survival (median survival, 10.8, 4.5, and 1.0 months, respectively; P < .001). The scale identified three statistically distinct groups within the validation cohort as well (median survival, 9.2, 6.3, and 1.9 months, respectively; P < .001). Conclusion We devised and validated a preoperative scale that identifies patients likely to have poor, intermediate, and good relative outcomes after surgical resection of a recurrent GBM tumor. Application of this simple scale may be useful in counseling patients regarding their treatment options and in designing clinical trials.
Conformal elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis for engine bearing design: A brief review
Authors: Booker J F , Boedo S , Bonneau D 
Published: July 2010

The history and current state of conformal elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis for engine bearing design is reviewed through a large sample of its published literature. Major themes of the physical models and solution methods are examined, together with attention to important special categories of current research.
Qualitative Comparison of the Characteristics of Articulated and Non-Articulated Trains and Their Effects on Impact
Authors: Xue X , Ingleton S , Roberts J , Robinson M 
Published: July 2010

This article presents a qualitative comparison of the key characteristics and subsequent impact performance for articulated and non-articulated train types. The fundamental purpose of the article is through a review of articulated and non-articulated trains in terms of impact stability to identify and compare the areas referred to as ‘impact worthiness’ design. The major differences between articulated and non-articulated trains are highlighted first. Then, the mechanical reasons leading to the differences and their consequences to impact performance are analysed from three viewpoints: coupling stiffness and freedom, support and coupling patterns, and carbody structural features. The analysis shows that the differences in bogie support positions on the carbody and the effects on coupling devices lead to differences in several structural and compositional characteristics, including height of gravity of the carbody, length of the vehicle, the composition of the end panel, stiffness of coupling device, number of support points to vehicle, and support height of the secondary suspension. These characteristics result in different impact responses for the two types of train and are directly related to subsequent behaviour. Articulated trains show stiff connection and integral performance in collisions but with less capability for absorbing impact energy between vehicles, whereas non-articulated trains show flexible connection with more random behaviour in collisions but with greater options for energy absorber installation between vehicles.
Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism
Authors: Maratou Eirini , Hadjidakis Dimitrios J , Peppa Melpomeni , Alevizaki Maria , Tsegka Katerina , Lambadiari Vaia , Mitrou Panayota , Boutati Eleni , Kollias Anastasios , Economopoulos Theofanis , Raptis Sotirios A , Dimitriadis George 
Published: July 2010

ObjectiveAlthough clinical hyperthyroidism (HR) is associated with insulin resistance, the information on insulin action in subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHR) is limited.Design and methodsTo investigate this, we assessed the sensitivity of glucose metabolism to insulinin vivo(by an oral glucose tolerance test) andin vitro(by measuring insulin-stimulated rates of glucose transport in isolated monocytes) in 12 euthyroid subjects (EU), 16 patients with HR, and 10 patients with SHR.ResultsHR and SHR patients displayed higher postprandial glucose levels (area under the curve, AUC0–30032 190±1067 and 31 497±716 mg/dl min respectively) versus EU (27 119±1156 mg/dl min,P<0.05). HR but not SHR patients displayed higher postprandial insulin levels (AUC0–30011 020±985 and 9565±904 mU/l min respectively) compared with EU subjects (AUC0–3007588±743 mU/l min,P<0.05). Homeostasis model assessment index was increased in HR and SHR patients (2.81±0.3 and 2.43±0.38 respectively) compared with EU subjects (1.27±0.16,P<0.05), while Matsuda and Belfiore indices were decreased in HR (4.21±0.41 and 0.77±0.05 respectively,P<0.001) and SHR patients (4.47±0.33 and 0.85±0.05 respectively,P<0.05 versus EU (7.76±0.87 and 1 respectively). At 100 μU/ml insulin, i) GLUT3 levels on the monocyte plasma membrane were increased in HR (468.8±7 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI)) and SHR patients (522.2±25 MFI) compared with EU subjects (407±18 MFI,P<0.01 andP<0.05 respectively), ii) glucose transport rates in monocytes (increases from baseline) were decreased in HR patients (37.8±5%) versus EU subjects (61.26±10%,P<0.05).ConclusionsInsulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated monocytes of patients with HR was decreased compared with EU subjects. Insulin resistance was comparable in patients with both HR and SHR.
Feeding Symptoms, Dietary Patterns, and Growth in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Emond Alan , Emmett Pauline , Steer Colin , Golding Jean 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the feeding, diet and growth of young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD).

METHOD:
Data on feeding and food frequency were collected by questionnaires completed at 6, 15, 24, 38 and 54 months by participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. A food variety score was created, and the content of the diet was calculated at 38 m. The feeding and dietary patterns of 79 children with ASD were compared with 12 901 controls.

RESULTS:
The median ages of ASD children were 28 months at referral and 45 months at diagnosis. ASD infants showed late introduction of solids after 6 months (p = .004) and were described as “slow feeders” at 6 months (p = .04). From 15–54 months ASD children were consistently reported to be “difficult to feed” (p &lt; .001) and “very choosy” (p &lt; .001). From 15 months, the ASD group had a less varied diet than controls, were more likely to have different meals from their mother from 24 months, and by 54 months 8% of ASD children were taking a special diet for “allergy.”
ASD children consumed less vegetables, salad and fresh fruit, but also less sweets and fizzy drinks. At 38 months intakes of energy, total fat, carbohydrate and protein were similar, but the ASD group consumed less vitamins C (p = .02) and D (p = .003). There were no differences in weight, height or BMI at 18 months and 7 years, or in hemoglobin concentrations at 7 years.

CONCLUSIONS:
ASD children showed feeding symptoms from infancy and had a less varied diet from 15 months, but energy intake and growth were not impaired.
A Longitudinal Study of Exposure to Retail Cigarette Advertising and Smoking Initiation
Authors: Henriksen Lisa , Schleicher Nina C. , Feighery Ellen C. , Fortmann Stephen P. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES:
Accumulating evidence suggests that widespread advertising for cigarettes at the point of sale encourages adolescents to smoke; however, no longitudinal study of exposure to retail tobacco advertising and smoking behavior has been reported.

METHODS:
A school-based survey included 1681 adolescents (aged 11–14 years) who had never smoked. One measure of exposure assessed the frequency of visiting types of stores that contain the most cigarette advertising. A more detailed measure combined data about visiting stores near school with observations of cigarette advertisements and pack displays in those stores. Follow-up surveys 12 and 30 months after baseline (retention rate: 81%) documented the transition from never to ever smoking, even just a puff.

RESULTS:
After 12 months, 18% of adolescents initiated smoking, but the incidence was 29% among students who visited convenience, liquor, or small grocery stores at least twice per week and 9% among those who reported the lowest visit frequency (less than twice per month). Adjusting for multiple risk factors, the odds of initiation remained significantly higher (odds ratio: 1.64 [95% confidence interval: 1.06–2.55]) for adolescents who reported moderate visit frequency (0.5–1.9 visits per week), and the odds of initiation more than doubled for those who visited ≥2 times per week (odds ratio: 2.58 [95% confidence interval: 1.68–3.97]). Similar associations were observed for the more detailed exposure measure and persisted at 30 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Exposure to retail cigarette advertising is a risk factor for smoking initiation. Policies and parenting practices that limit adolescents' exposure to retail cigarette advertising could improve smoking prevention efforts.
Cancer Risk in Children and Young Adults Conceived by In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Källén Bengt , Finnström Orvar , Lindam Anna , Nilsson Emma , Nygren Karl-Gösta , Olausson Petra Otterblad 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVES:Studies conducted so far have found no statistically significant increased risk for cancer among children who are born after in vitro fertilization (IVF).METHODS:We followed 26 692 children who were born after IVF during the years 1982–2005 by using the Swedish Cancer Register and compared the number of children who had cancer and were born after IVF with children who were not conceived by IVF. Adjustment was made for year of birth.RESULTS:Maternal age, parity, smoking, subfertility, previous miscarriages, BMI, and multiple births did not significantly affect cancer risk in offspring. High birth weight, premature delivery, and the presence of respiratory diagnoses and low Apgar score were risk factors for cancer. We identified 53 cases of cancer in children who were born after IVF against 38 expected cases: 18 of them with hematologic cancer (15 of them acute lymphoblastic leukemia), 17 with eye or central nervous system tumors, and 12 with other solid cancers. There were 6 cases of Langerhans histiocytosis against 1.0 expected. The total cancer risk estimate was 1.42 (95% confidence interval: 1.09–1.87).CONCLUSIONS:We found a moderately increased risk for cancer in children who were conceived by IVF. Putative intermediary factors could be preterm birth and neonatal asphyxia.
Changes and Variability in High Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Among Children
Authors: Freedman David S. , Wang Y. Claire , Dietz William H. , Xu Ji-Hua , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Berenson Gerald S. 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:A 2008 report from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended both population and individual approaches (including pharmacologic interventions) for adolescents who had low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels above various cutoff points (130, 160, and 190 mg/dL). However, the tracking and variability of these very high levels have not been investigated.METHODS:A total of 6827 subjects underwent multiple LDL cholesterol determinations in childhood and adulthood in the Bogalusa Heart Study. The total number of determinations was 26748, and the median interval between examinations was 3 years.RESULTS:Correlations between initial and subsequent LDL cholesterol levels ranged from r ∼ 0.8 for measurements made within the same year to r ∼ 0.5 for periods of ≥20 years. Most children who had very high LDL cholesterol levels, however, had substantially lower levels at the next examination. LDL cholesterol levels between 160 and 189 mg/dL (n = 201) decreased, on average, by 21 mg/dL at the next examination, whereas levels of ≥190 mg/dL (n = 44) decreased by 34 mg/dL. In contrast, the mean increase for LDL cholesterol levels of &lt;70 mg/dL was 13 mg/dL. These changes were equal to those expected on the basis of regression to the mean.CONCLUSIONS:There can be large changes in extreme levels of LDL cholesterol because of regression to the mean, and practitioners should be aware that very high levels may decrease substantially in the absence of any intervention.
Epidemiological Characteristics and Resource Use in Neonates With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: 1993–2006
Authors: Stroustrup Annemarie , Trasande Leonardo 
Published: July 2010

OBJECTIVE:To determine the trends in incidence of diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and associated health services use for the neonatal hospitalization of patients with BPD in an era of changing definitions and management.PATIENTS AND METHODS:All neonatal hospitalization records available through the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1993–2006, were analyzed. Multivariable regression analyses were performed for incidence of BPD diagnosis and associated hospital length of stay and charges. Multiple models were constructed to assess the roles of changes in diagnosis of very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates and different modalities of respiratory support used for treatment.RESULTS:The absolute incidence of diagnosis of BPD fell 3.3% annually (P = .0009) between 1993 and 2006 coincident with a 3.5-fold increase in the use of noninvasive respiratory support in patients with BPD. When data were controlled for demographic factors, this significant decrease in incidence persisted at a rate of 4.3% annually (P = .0002). All models demonstrated a rise in hospital length of stay and financial charges for the neonatal hospitalization of patients with BPD. The incidence of BPD adjusted for frequency of prolonged mechanical ventilation also decreased but only by 2.8% annually (P = .0075).CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of diagnosis of BPD decreased significantly between 1993 and 2006. In well-controlled models, birth hospitalization charges for these patients rose during the same period. Less invasive ventilatory support may improve respiratory outcomes of VLBW neonates.
Development of Crop Resistance to Insects
Authors: Sprague G. F. , Dahms R. G. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe development of host resistance to insect pests offers promise of reducing yield losses as well as a material reduction in the use of insecticides. A review of progress and the current situation is presented for selected insect pests, Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), corn earworm and cotton bollworm (Heliothis zea), pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis maculata), potato leaf hopper (Empoasea fabae), and the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica). With the exception of the Hessian fly the only feasible control for this group of insects, prior to the development of resistant types, has been through use of chemicals. Marked progress has been achieved in developing commercially useful host‐resistance to this group of insects with the exception of the cotton bollworm and boll weevil. Even here types differing in various components of resistance have been identified but the combination of these characteristics into an acceptable commercial variety remains to be accomplished. Increased emphasis is being placed on host‐plant resistance. Success in such efforts requires the close cooperation of entomologists, geneticists, and breeders.
Degradation of Phenylcarbamates in Soil by Mixed Suspension of IPC‐Adapted Microorganisms
Authors: McClure George W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA mixed suspension of microorganisms containing at least 7 tentatively identified genera was derived from a liquid mixture of soil and IPC. This suspension, when applied to nonsterile greenhouse soil flats, markedly reduced or eliminated the toxicity of the phenylcarbamates IPC, CIPC, and Swep to several test plant species. The suspension of microorganisms was effective in the soil for between 2 and 3 months. These findings have implications for the degradation of chemicals resistent to the native soil population.
Polygenic Resistance to Plant Disease and Its Use in Breeding Resistant Cultivars
Authors: Simons M. D. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRace nonspecific, generalized or horizontal resistance (HR) usually is inherited polygenically. Polygenic resistance (PR) acts retarding the rate of development of the epidemic rather than in delaying its onset. Years of experience with economically important plant diseases has shown that, although small amounts of disease can be expected to occur, PR is adequate to protect crops from serious losses under normal field conditions. In most cases studied, PR has not been rendered useless due to changes in the pathogen, as has been characteristic of oligogenic resistance (OR); thus, it probably can be expected to give lasting protection. Polygenic resistance may operate through many mechanisms, and may be governed by genes that are not specifically concerned with disease, but which regulate basic processes of the plant. Other disease control measures, such as use of fungicides and OR, often can be combined advantageously with PR. The heritability of various manifestations of PR, and of similarly inherited disease tolerance, to several important diseases is sufficiently high to make selection for it practical. Recognizing and recovering PR from hybrid populations may require special methods, and may be relatively difficult and expensive, but should be rewarding.
The Cereal Leaf Beetle Today (Oulema melanopus L.)
Authors: Ruppel Robert F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe history, biology, hosts, present control, and current research on the cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus L.) are presented as parts of a continuing project on the control of this pest. The beetle is a serious pest of spring grains, and a lesser pest of fall grains. It is spreading and increasing rapidly in the northeastern USA and southeastern Canada. Insecticides are the only control measure now recommended. Lines of wheats (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) resistant to the pest have been found. Parasites of the beetle have been introduced from Europe and show promise for its control. The biology of the pest is under intensive study for leads toward more effective means for its control. The population dynamics of the beetle are under study and the results of this study will be used to model control strategies for the pest. The breadth and integration of special fields in the cereal leaf beetle project is suggested as a model for the development of rational controls for other insects.
An Interpretation of Reservoir Sedimentation II. Clay Mineralogy
Authors: Lund L. J. , Kohnke Helmut , Paulet Manuel 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe more that is known of the influence of the nature of the contributing watershed upon sedimentation, the more will it be possible to protect reservoirs from early loss of capacity. The particular purpose of this study was to learn to what extent the mineralogical composition of the watershed soils determines the rate of sedimentation and the mineralogy of the sediments in reservoirs. Even though the soils of the 13 watersheds in Indiana and Illinois were similar in clay composition, significant relationships were found.There were only small differences between the composition of the soil clay of the watershed and that of the resulting sediment clay. The amounts of vermiculite, mica, kaolinite, and amorphous alumina in the sediment clays could be accounted for by the amounts in the soil clays. In most cases montmorillonite occurred in larger proportions in the sediment clays, while in case of quartz this relationship was reversed. The estimation of sedimentation rates from geomorphological data, including soil texture, (Paulet, Kohnke, & Lund, 1972) could not be improved by adding mineralogical parameters. This does not necessarily mean that clay composition had no effect upon sedimentation rates, but rather that the soil clays were too similar to demonstrate a definite trend.
Suitability of Food Processing Waste Water for Irrigation
Authors: Pearson George A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe waste water from food processing contains dissolved salts and organic matter. The amount of each depends upon the product being processed and the procedure being used. The suitability for irrigation of food processing waste water from 20 plants processing nine food products was assessed from the standpoint of electrical conductivity (EC), chloride and sodium concentrations, sodium‐adsorption‐ratio (SAR), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Waste water from plants processing green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo Alef.), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), corn (Zea mays L.), steam peeled potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas Lam.), and poultry is suitable for irrigation under most conditions. Waste water from some pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) processing plants may be suitable for irrigation, but is of questionable suitability from others. Waste water from lye‐peel potato processing is not suitable for irrigation.
Nutrient Content of Barnlot Runoff Water
Authors: Edwards W. M. , Simpson E. C. , Frere M. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFrom March 1968 through December 1970, runoff from a 60‐head beef cattle barnlot was measured and concentrations of nitrate, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in solution were determined. Nitrate‐nitrogen concentration was < 2 mg/liter for 8 months of the year, with the highest monthly concentration 6 mg/liter. Most of the soluble N was in a reduced form with the maximum monthly concentration < 70 mg/liter. Phosphorus concentration was ≤ 5 mg/liter during the spring and early summer, with a peak near 14 mg/liter in September. Monthly potassium concentration was always > 100 mg/liter with peak values > 300 mg/liter.Nitrate concentration was highest during warm months when environmental conditions favored oxidation. Concentration of all other nutrient forms decreased during the summer when the barnlot was not being used by cattle.
Paper Mill Sludge Disposal on Soils: Effects on the Yield and Mineral Nutrition of Oats (Avena sativa L.)
Authors: Dolar S. G. , Boyle J. R. , Keeney D. R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA greenhouse investigation to evaluate the effects on plant growth of incorporation of high rates (2.5% or 10% by weight of soil) of paper mill sludge material from several primary and secondary treatment processes was conducted. Sludges from secondary biological treatment processes contained sufficient N in relation to organic C (range of C/N values was 12:1–50:1) so that N was not limiting to plant growth. However, sludges from primary treatment processes contained high organic C/N ratios (ca. 150:1) and would require considerable supplementary N fertilizer if cereal crops or grasses were to be planted soon after sludge application. At the high sludge rate, plant growth was diminished even though sufficient fertilizer N, P and K had been applied.