bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydroxylated PCB induces Ca2+oscillations and alterations of membrane potential in cultured cortical cells
Authors: Londoño Marina , Shimokawa Noriaki , Miyazaki Wataru , Iwasaki Toshiharu , Koibuchi Noriyuki 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known as environmental pollutants that may cause adverse health effects. Although some congeners have been shown to affect brain development or function, the molecular mechanisms mediating their toxicity are not yet fully understood. Since signal transduction via intracellular Ca2+is crucial for neuronal development and plasticity, we investigated the effect of PCBs on Ca2+homeostasis and membrane potential in cultured mouse cortical cells. Acute exposure to hydroxylated PCB 106 [4(OH)‐2′,3,3′,4′,5′‐pentachlorobiphenyl, OH‐PCB 106, 0.1 μm] caused recurring Ca2+oscillations that were classified into three prototypes. Although extracellular Ca2+deprivation significantly reduced the oscillations, 54% of the cells still showed different patterns of oscillations or gradual increase in the intracellular Ca2+concentration, indicating possible involvement of multiple Ca2+channels in a cell‐specific manner. Such a possibility was further confirmed by differential responses to several channel/receptor blockers, including nifedipine, ryanodine, xestospongine and tetrodotoxin. Although all chemicals had partial inhibition action in different subsets of neurons, nifedipine blocked the OH‐PCB 106 action in the largest subpopulation of cells and with the greatest magnitude. Ryanodine also blocked the action with a similar magnitude, but in a smaller subpopulation of cells. Moreover, OH‐PCB 106 induced depolarization of the plasma membrane in all the recorded cells. Taken together, our results indicate that OH‐PCB 106 alters membrane potential as well as Ca2+dynamics in part by inducing extracellular influx and/or intracellular release of Ca2+. These mechanisms may be responsible for their neurotoxicity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural analysis of xCsCl(1−x)Ga2S3 glasses by means of DFT calculations and Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Cuisset Arnaud , Hindle Francis , Laureyns Jacky , Bychkov Eugène 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe alkali metal halide doping of gallium‐sulfide glasses yields improvements in the optical, thermal and glass forming properties. To understand these improvements, the short‐range order of xCsCl(1 − x)Ga2S3 glasses was probed by Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectra have been interpreted using density functional theory (DFT) harmonic frequency calculations on specific clusters of GaS4H4 and/or GaS3H3Cl tetrahedral subunits. The assignment of the observed vibrational bands confirms the main structural conclusions obtained with X‐ray and neutron diffraction experiments and gives some new insights into the gallium‐network present in the xCsCl(1 − x)Ga2S3 glasses. At the lowest concentration, the observed spectrum may be interpreted with small clusters such as dimers and trimers connected by corner‐sharing (CS) GaS4H4 tetrahedral subunits. The vibrational fingerprints of tri‐clusters with three‐fold coordinated sulfur atoms have also been identified; however, no Raman signature of chlorine‐doped subunits has been found to be caused by their insufficient intensity. For higher CsCl concentrations, distinct spectral features corresponding to chlorine‐doped clusters appear and are increasing in intensity with x. In other words, undoped and Cl‐doped tetrahedra coexist in the xCsCl(1 − x)Ga2S3 glasses. The added chlorine atoms induce a fragmentation of the glass network and replace the sulfur atoms in the CS tetrahedral environment. The comparison of the observed spectra with theoretical predictions and diffraction data favoured one‐fold coordinated chlorine atoms in the glass network. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multimodality bronchoscopic imaging of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Colt Henri G. , Murgu Septimiu D. , Jung Bockhyun , Ahn Yeh‐Chan , Brenner Matt 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis.Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) of the central airways requires removal to potentially reduce recurrence and risk for malignant transformation. Analogous to the principles of treatment for early lung cancer, a precise determination of the extent of cartilage invasion could help guide therapeutic decisions and monitor response to treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a bronchoscopy platform comprised of white light bronchoscopy (WLB), endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) could identify layered microstructure of RRP and underlying cartilage.Study Design.Case study.Methods.A bronchoscopy platform consisting of commercially available WLB, EBUS using a 7.5 MHz convex probe (BF‐UC 160F; Olympus Optical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), and a time‐domain OCT with front imaging and inside actuation (Niris Imaging System; Imalux Corp., Cleveland, OH) was used in a patient with tracheal stenosis from RRP. Findings are compared with results of histology and the characteristics of imaging modalities are discussed.Results.WLB revealed tracheal pedunculated lesions. EBUS showed a 1‐cm hypoechogenic density corresponding to the papilloma, visualized above a hyperechogenic density corresponding to tracheal cartilage. There was no sonographic evidence of cartilage disruption or adjacent lymphadenopathy. OCT revealed a layer of heterogeneous light backscattering suggesting the mucosal papilloma, and a layer of high‐degree scattering, corresponding to the central fibrovascular core noted on histology.Conclusions.Layered microstructures of RRP and underlying airway cartilage can be identified using a combination of acoustic and optical bronchoscopic imaging modalities with different resolution and depth of penetration characteristics. Laryngoscope, 2010
Notes on local o‐minimality
Authors: Toffalori Carlo , Vozoris Kathryn 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe introduce and study some local versions of o‐minimality, requiring that every definable set decomposes as the union of finitely many isolated points and intervals in a suitable neighbourhood of every point. Motivating examples are the expansions of the ordered reals by sine, cosine and other periodic functions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B on Polystyrene Nanoparticles
Authors: Miletić Nemanja , Abetz Volker , Ebert Katrin , Loos Katja 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPolystyrene (PS) nanoparticles were prepared via a nanoprecipitation process. The influence of the pH of the buffer solution used during the immobilization process on the loading of Candida antarctica lipase B (Cal‐B) and on the hydrolytic activity (hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl acetate) of the immobilized Cal‐B was studied. The pH of the buffer solution has no influence on enzyme loading, while immobilized enzyme activity is very dependent on the pH of adsorption. Cal‐B immobilized on PS nanoparticles in buffer solution pH 6.8 performed higher hydrolytic activity than crude enzyme powder and Novozyme 435.magnified image
Ambivalence toward undergoing invasive prenatal testing: an exploration of its origins
Authors: Sapp Julie Chevalier , Hull Sara Chandros , Duffer Shelby , Zornetzer Sarah , Sutton Erica , Marteau Theresa M. , Biesecker Barbara Bowles 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectiveThis study explores ambivalence toward undergoing amniocentesis among pregnant women with overall positive attitudes. Its novelty lies in the characterization of the type and origins of the ambivalence.MethodThirty‐six women between 35 and 44 years of age were recruited from a US prenatal testing center to participate in structured telephone interviews.ResultsThirty women chose to undergo testing. Attitudes toward undergoing amniocentesis were generally positive, although all participants simultaneously described feeling ambivalent. The women desired the information that amniocentesis could provide yet did not want to place their fetus at risk. Participants cited religious, moral, ethical and intellectual values important in shaping their attitudes toward undergoing amniocentesis. Important referents such as partners, other pregnant women, family members and physicians influenced their decisions.ConclusionTensions were evident among the intellectual, moral and spiritual values that contribute to ambivalence toward undergoing amniocentesis. Illuminating and discussing such tensions during the genetic counseling sessions prior to testing may resolve some of this ambivalence and thereby increase the quality of decisions women make. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel analogues of arginine vasopressin containing α‐2‐indanylglycine enantiomers in position 2
Authors: Kwiatkowska Anna , Śleszyńska Małgorzta , Derdowska Izabela , Prahl Adam , Sobolewski Dariusz , Borovičková Lenka , Slaninová Jiřina , Lammek Bernard 
Published: November 2009

AbstractContinuing our efforts to obtain potent and selective analogues of AVP we synthesized and pharmacologically evaluated ten new compounds modified at position 2 with α‐2‐indanylglycine or itsD‐enantiomer (Igl orD‐Igl, respectively). All the peptides were tested for pressor, antidiuretic, andin vitrouterotonic activities. We also determined the binding affinity of these compounds to human OT receptor. The Igl2substitution resulted in a significant change of the pharmacological profile of the peptides. The new analogues were moderate or potent OT antagonists (pA2values ranging from 7.19 to 7.98) and practically did not interact with V1aand V2receptors. It is worth emphasizing that these new peptides were exceptionally selective. On the other hand, theD‐Igl2substituted counterparts turned out to be weak antagonists of the pressor response to AVP and displayed no antidiuretic activity. Some of the results were unexpected, e.g. dual activity in the rat uterotonic testin vitro: theD‐Igl peptides showed a strong antioxytocic potency (pA2values ranging from 7.70 to 8.20) at low concentrations and full agonism at high concentrations. The results provided useful information about the SAR of AVP analogues. Copyright © 2009 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct observation of particle flow in semi‐solid alloys by synchrotron X‐ray micro‐radioscopy
Authors: Zabler Simon , Rack Alexander , Rueda Antonio , Helfen Lukas , García‐Moreno Francisco , Banhart John 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe flow of a semi‐solid aluminium–germanium alloy Al–Ge32 (wt.%) into a thin cavity was monitored by in situ micro‐radioscopy using polychromatic hard X‐ray synchrotron radiation. X‐ray images were recorded at an acquisition speed of 67 frames/s using an indirect X‐ray pixel detector in combination with a CMOS camera. Liquid drainage and de‐/re‐agglomeration of small aluminium‐rich solid particle clusters – associated with the slurry's thixotropic behaviour – could be visualized. The technique and first results obtained are discussed in terms of their future application and possible improvements.magnified imageRadiographic image sequence showing fast injection of semi‐solid slurry into the mould. Solid Al‐rich particles appear brighter than the surrounding liquid Al–Ge melt.
Highly efficient and selective enrichment of peptide subsets combining fluorous chemistry with reversed‐phase chromatography
Authors: Ying Wantao , Perlman David H. , Li Lei , Théberge Roger , Costello Catherine E. , McComb Mark E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe selective capture of target peptides poses a great challenge to modern chemists and biologists, especially when enriching them from proteome samples possessing extremes in concentration dynamic range and sequence diversity. While approaches based on traditional techniques such as biotin‐avidin pairing offer versatile tools to design strategies for selective enrichment, problems are still encountered due to sample loss or poor selectivity of enrichment. Here we show that the recently introduced fluorous chemistry approach has attractive properties as an alternative method for selective enrichment. Through appending a perfluorine group to the target peptide, it is possible to dramatically increase the peptide's hydrophobicity and thus enable facile separation of labeled from non‐labeled peptides. Use of reversed‐phase chromatography allowed for improved peptide recovery in comparison with results obtained using the formerly reported fluorous bonded phase methods. Furthermore, this approach also allowed for on‐line separation and identification of both labeled and unlabeled peptides in a single experiment. The net result is an increase in the confidence of protein identification by tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) as all peptides and subsequent information are retained. Successful off‐line and on‐line enrichment of cysteine‐containing peptides was obtained, and high quality MS2 spectra were obtained by tandem mass spectrometry due to the stability of the tag, allowing for facile identification via standard database searching. We believe that this strategy holds great promise for selective enrichment and identification of low abundance target proteins or peptides. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Janus‐SAM Approach for the Flexible Functionalization of Gold and Titanium Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Bhat Rahila , Sell Stephan , Wagner Ralf , Zhang Jian Tao , Pan Changjiang , Garipcan Bora , Boland Wilhelm , Bossert Jörg , Klemm Elisabeth , Jandt Klaus D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA novel approach is developed to address the requirement of multiple stamps and inks for microcontact printing (µCP) onto different substrate surfaces. This approach relies on µCP one divalent molecule, which is able to form Janus self‐assembled monolayers (JSAMs) with a labile cleavable centre, thus providing a facile method for the chemical derivatization of different substrate surfaces. This study presents an answer to the challenges presented within a highly versatile application, µCP. N‐(3‐diethylphosphatoxy)propyl‐11‐mercaptoundecanamide is used for the first time as an ink for µCP onto both gold and titanium oxide surfaces, utilizing the same polydimethylsiloxane stamp. Following printing, the JSAMs are enzymatically treated on these two different substrates to reveal different functional groups. The newly formed surfaces are subjected to additional surface reactions and used for the chemisorption of bovine serum albumin. At each stage, these JSAMs are characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and dynamic water‐contact‐angle measurements. Confocal laser scanning microscopy is used for the characterization of the adsorbed proteins.
The Indians' Impossible Civil Code
Authors: Herrenschmidt Olivier 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Uniform Civil Code which, as written in the 1950 Constitution of the Indian Union, should be enacted, still does not (and will probably never) exist. This paper examines the tactics used by the opponents in the Constituent and Legislative Assembly (1946-1951) who succeeded to wreck a proposed “modernisation” of theHindu Personnal Law, which could have been a first step towards that Uniform Code. In a very clever way, they never claimed to defend thedharmatreatises which had codified and legitimated aBrahmanical Social Orderfor centuries, but only wanted to maintain the multiplicity and diversity of customs and usages of the Hindu people.
A Helminthological Survey in Northern Rhodesia
Authors: Buckley J. J. C. 
Published: November 2009

In the Chambezi-Luapula area of the Northern Province of Northern Rhodesia, 2,575 Africans were examined for intestinal helminths and 2,017 for urinary helminths. The examinations were carried out in situ in the native villages in widespread localities representing different topographical parts of the area.The average infection rates of the helminthic infections found were as follows: hookworm, 52.2%; Strongyloides, 13.3%; Ascaris lumbricoides, 3.7%; Enterobius vermicularis, 0.85%; Trichuris trichiura, 0.3%; Trichostrongylus sp., 0.1%; Schistosoma haematobium, 14.7%; S. mansoni, 6.99%; Hymenolepis nana, 0.09%; H. diminuta, 0.04%; Taenia sp., 0.04%.The survey revealed regions or foci of relatively high and relatively low incidence in the case of each of the major species. The relationship of this to topographical and other factors is discussed.Examination of 459 Africans for Mf. bancrofti revealed three positives, but none of these had definitely contracted the infection in N. Rhodesia. Mf. Perstans was found in 5.4% of those examined; this infection is endemic in the country.
The in vitro Effect of Normal and Immune Serum upon the Cercariæ of Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Standen O. D. 
Published: November 2009

The majority of normal sera proved in vitro to be cercaricidal to larvae of S. mansoni. Of 502 normal sera. 21 per cent, were noncercaricidal whereas the remainder exhibited varying degrees of cercaricidal potency.The cercaricidal factor was thermolabile and disappeared during storage. It bore several points of similarity to complement.The cercaricidal factor was present to a varying degree in sera from all species investigated. Apparently normal sera from all cattle and different proportions of other species, caused an enveloping precipitate to form around the cercariae. This bore no obvious relationship to the nematode worm burden or presence of F. hepatica.An enveloping precipitate formed around cercariae of S. mansoni when placed in vitro in immune sera and incubated at 87°C. This occurred in serum immune to S. haematobium as well as to S. mansoni. It is not known-whether age and weight of infection influence the rate and extent of envelope precipitation.
The Development of Acquired Resistance by Sheep to Infestation with the Nematode Trichostrongylus axei
Authors: Gibson T. E. 
Published: November 2009

An experiment on six pairs of twin lambs earned out in 1946–6 was repeated in 1946–7, comparable results being obtained in the two years. One of each pair of twins was given 10,000, 15,000 or 20,000 infective larvae of Trichostrongylus axei when one month old; and four months later all the lambs were given 40 daily doses of 4,000 infective larvae of Trichostrongylus axei. Egg counts and weight gains were recorded weekly and when they were nine months old the surviving lambs were killed and examined post-mortem. The results show that the smaller doses of larvae given to lambs one month old increased their resistance to the second infestation but that the high doses (20,000 or more) decreased the resistance. There was an intermediate dosage level at which no effect, either of increased or decreased resistance, was observed.The results of this experiment are discussed in relation to the work of other authors on resistance in animals to superinfection with parasites. It is suggested that the resistance to parasitic gastritis developed by sheep in the field may be partly a result of the intake of small numbers of larvae early in life and that it may actually be beneficial to expose young lambs to light infestations. It is, however, dangerous to expose them to a high level of infestation at an early age and because of the difficulty of assessing the dose of larvae necessary to stimulate resistance in a particular lamb, even by artificial infestation, it is impossible to make precise practical recommendations.
The Cestodes of Pinnipeds in the Arctic and other Regions
Authors: Markowski Stanislaw 
Published: November 2009

SummaryA comparative study has been made of the Pseudophyllidean cestodes harboured by Pinnipeds, mainly from the Northern Hemisphere. Thirty species of this group of cestodes have been recorded in the literature, and as a result of the present study these may be divided into the following:Valid species: Diphyllobothrium cordatum (Leuckart, 1868); D. elegans (Krabbe, 1865); D. glaciale (Cholodkovsky, 1915); D. hians (Diesing, 1850); D. lanceolatum (Krabbe, 1865); D. scoticum (Rennie & Reid, 1912); Diplogonoporus tetrapterus (v. Siebold, 1848); D. fasciatus (Krabbe, 1865); and Pyramicocephalus phocarum (Fabricius, 1780).
Studies on the Morphology and Life-History ofStrongyloides mirzain.sp. from Snakes in India
Authors: Singh Satya Narayan 
Published: November 2009

In 1985, the writer in collaboration with Prof. M. B. Mirza describedStrongyloidesfrom John's Sand-boa (Eryx johnii) in Aligarh and assigned it toS. stercoralis, creating for its reception a new variety,S. stercoralis var. eryxi.During July and August, 1950, while examining certain snakes at Hyderabad for helminth parasites, the writer found thatStrongyloidesinfection was very common in the Rat-snake.Ptyas(Zamenis)mucosus, for almost all the snakes examined were found infected. In light infections not more than a few, ten to fifteen worms, were obtained from a single host, but as many as 100 to 125 specimens were collected from heavily parasitized snakes. It was also observed that though they may be found throughout the length of the oesophagus and the intestine, the seat of heaviest infection is the duodenum of the host.It seemed rather strange that one and the same species should parasitize a reptile as well as a mammal so a detailed study of the worm, both in its parasitic and free-living generations, was undertaken with a view to determining definitely whether, as previously believed, it is identical with the human wormStrongyloides stercoralis. As a result of this study the writer has come to the conclusion that the species infesting certain snakes in India is not identical with the human worm,S. stercoralisor any other species of the genus hitherto described.
A Note on the Specific Identity ofTrichostrongylus longispicularisGordon, 1933
Authors: Sommerville R. I. 
Published: November 2009

The nematodeTrichostrongylus longispiculariswas described by Gordon (1933) from a single male recovered from a sheep in New South Wales. Gordon considered that the male of this species could be readily distinguished from the males of other species of the genus recorded from ruminants by an asymmetrical dorsal ray of the bursa and by the length and form of the spicules. The dorsal ray is described as being bifid, one bifurcation being simple and the other possessing secondary branches, one situated internally and the other externally. The slender spicules were 184·6 microns long, and terminated in fine sickle-shaped structures.Andrews (1934 and 1935) recorded the species from cattle in the United States. In his first description (Andrews, 1934) he noted that his specimens agreed very closely with the description published by Gordon (1933), but he referred to hook-like projections on the spicules. However, he failed to find these projections in the specimen discussed in his record of 1935. As he made no reference to the dorsal ray of the bursa, it is presumed that this agreed with the description and figure published by Gordon (1933).T. longispiculariswas subsequently reported by Roberts (1938 and 1939) from cattle in Queensland, but no comments were made on its morphology.
Studies on the Serological Response in Sheep to Naturally Acquired Gastro-intestinal Nematodes. I. Preparation of Antigens and Evaluation of Serological Techniques
Authors: Soulsby E. J. L. 
Published: November 2009

Antigens were prepared by low temperature methods to preserve “functional” antigen. These antigens showed marked cross reactivity and were satisfactory in complement fixation tests.The passive haemagglutination test using “functional” antigen gave titres which were higher than those obtained with the complement fixation test. High antibody titres were observed in sheep naturally infested with nematodes and a relationship between antibody titre and egg count was demonstrated.