bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Last Gasp of Socialism: Economics and Culture in 1960s East Germany
Authors: Evans Andrew 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTEast Germany's history can be broadly divided into two eras: Firstly, the 1950s ‘Aufbau’ period, in which the need to build a socialist society for future generations was emphasised – a project that involved a Stalinist approach, in which ideological commitment was central to political concerns. Secondly, the so‐called ‘real‐existing socialism’ of the 1970s, in which social stability, a sense of belonging and Honecker's ‘unity of economic and social policy’ were the watchwords.The reforms of the NÖS, or New Economic System – introduced in 1963 and abandoned at the end of the decade – marked the transition between these two periods and aimed to ensure the state's economic survival. This paper will examine both the economic and cultural policy of this period in order to contextualise the NÖS and to demonstrate that it was emblematic of wider trends in European history. I will also argue that the NÖS was perhaps the most important turning point in GDR history. It typified the regime's new approach to reconciling its desire to maintain control with the need to modernise the GDR. This period simultaneously represented the last gasp of revolutionary socialism, a doomed attempt to solve the structural problems of the Stalinist model and a foreshadowing of Honecker's GDR.Die DDR‐Geschichte wird oft in zwei Perioden geteilt: Während dem Aufbau des Sozialismus der 1950er Jahre rückte das Ziel in den Mittelpunkt, eine sozialistische Gesellschaft für die Zukunft aufzubauen. In dieser stalinistischen Zeit stand die Ideologie im Zentrum aller politischen Entscheidungen. In der Periode des sogenannten realexistierenden Sozialismus der 1970er und 80er Jahre war dagegen die DDR zunehmend durch andere Konzepte gekennzeichnet: soziale Sicherheit, die ‘Einheit von Wirtschafts‐ und Sozialpolitik’ und das Heimatgefühl.Die Reformen des NÖS (Neuen Ökonomischen Systems), das 1963 eingeführt und am Ende des Jahrzehnts wieder aufgegeben wurde, fungierten als Übergang zwischen den zwei Perioden und stellten einen Versuch dar, das ökonomische Überleben des Staates zu garantieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Wirtschafts‐ und Kulturpolitik dieser Jahre, um das NÖS in einen Zusammenhang mit der europäischen und der DDR‐Geschichte zu setzen. Das NÖS wird als wichtigster Wendepunkt der DDR‐Geschichte interpretiert. Die Reformen verkörperten die dringende Notwendigkeit, die DDR zu modernisieren, und gleichzeitig einen Versuch der SED, ihren Kontrollanspruch aufrechtzuerhalten. Sie waren gleichzeitig letzter Atemzug des revolutionären Sozialismus und Vorwegnahme der Honecker‐Ära.
Negotiating ‘Femininity’ in the GDR Prison Narrative: Discourses of Character Development and Incorrigibility in Elisabeth Graul's Die Farce (1991)
Authors: Richmond Kim 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTResearch into women's crime has, until the advent of feminist criminology in the 1970s, been dominated by nineteenth‐century criminology, which theorised the female criminal as either childlike and incapable of crime or as demonically sexual and non‐feminine. Women prison writers often articulate a loss of femininity as a result of being within the traditionally ‘male’ space of prison and being labelled as criminal and therefore non‐feminine. This was especially true of incarceration in the GDR, given that the SED refused to acknowledge the existence of political prisoners, instead deeming them particularly dangerous criminals. Elisabeth Graul was one such political prisoner: she deals with this defeminisation in her 1991 account Die Farce through writing of her improved sense of herself as a woman during her eleven years’ incarceration. Such a self‐representation allows Graul to account for the lost years in prison through articulating its valuable place within her life. Careful to emphasise, however, that GDR imprisonment and its programme of ‘Umerziehung’ was not responsible for this improvement, she creates a self‐representation that combines the incorrigible and rebellious prisoner with the ideally feminine woman. This is done by using the symbol of the mother and infusing it with her own interpretation, creating a new paradigm for the female political prisoner.Die Kriminalforschung auf dem Gebiet der Frauenkriminalität wurde (bis die feministische Kriminologie in den 1970er Jahren entstand) von der Kriminologie des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts dominiert, wobei die Verbrecherin entweder als kindlich und zur Kriminalität unfähig oder als sexuell abweichend und unweiblich dargestellt wurde. Gefängnisautorinnen drücken oft einen Verlust der Weiblichkeit in ihrem Schreiben aus, was aus der Auffassung des Gefängnisses als ‘männlicher’ Raum und der Unweiblichkeit der Verbrecherin resultiert. In der DDR war diese Stigmatisierung besonders bedeutend, da die DDR die Existenz politischer Gefangenen verleugnete und sie stattdessen als gefährliche Verbrecherinnen bezeichnete. Elisabeth Graul war eine solche Gefangene: sie befasst sich mit dem Verlust der Weiblichkeit in ihrem 1991 erschienenen Text Die Farce, indem sie über sich selbst als eine durch ihre elfjährige Gefängnisstrafe geläuterte Frau schreibt. Diese Selbstdarstellung hilft ihr dabei, die verlorenen Gefängnisjahre als wertvoll in ihrem Leben zu betrachten. Graul hebt gleichzeitig hervor, dass ihre Läuterung nicht aus Gründen der Gefangenschaft und Umerziehung in der DDR stattfand. Ihre Selbstdarstellung verbindet ideale Weiblichkeit mit politischem Widerstand und ideologischer Unverbesserlichkeit. Dafür verwendet Graul das Symbol der ‘Mutter’, welchem sie ihre eigene Bedeutung gibt und dadurch ein neues Paradigma der weiblichen politischen Gefangenen schafft.
Microbleeds and free active MMP‐9 are independent risk factors for neurological deterioration in acute lacunar stroke
Authors: Koh S.‐H. , Park C. Y. , Kim M. K. , Lee K.‐Y. , Kim J. , Chang D.‐I. , Kim H.‐T. , Kim S. H. 
Published: June 2010

Background and purpose:  In this prospective study, we evaluated mutual relationships amongst microbleeds, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) and neurological deterioration in patients with their first acute lacunar stroke.Methods:  Based on diffusion‐weighted image findings, we recruited 206 patients with their first acute lacunar stroke. Those without a MRI scan were excluded. Small (a maximum lesion diameter of 15 mm) areas of subcortical gray and white matter with increased signals were considered as lacunar infarctions. GRE images were obtained within 24 h of the onset of stroke symptoms. Venous blood was sampled at base line (within 24 h). Clinical, biochemical, rheological and inflammatory parameters, neurological scales and free, active MMP‐9 levels were compared between patients with and without microbleeds. Neurological deterioration was defined as an increase in more than two points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score baseline 14 days after the onset of lacunar stroke.Results:  Of the patients, 79 (38.3%) had microbleeds and 48 (23.3%) showed neurological deterioration. Free, active MMP‐9 and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly increased amongst patients with microbleeds (P < 0.001 and P = 0.047, respectively). Existence of microbleeds (RR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.25–3.83) and increased free, active MMP‐9 (RR = 1.10 per 10 ng/ml, 95% CI = 1.03–1.19) were identified as independent risk factors for neurological deterioration after adjusting for potential confounders.Discussion:  Increased levels of active MMP‐9 and the existence of microbleeds might be useful in predicting the deterioration following an initial acute lacunar stroke.
Dual modulation of inward rectifier potassium currents in olfactory neuronal cells by promiscuous G protein coupling of the oxytocin receptor
Authors: Gravati Marta , Busnelli Marta , Bulgheroni Elisabetta , Reversi Alessandra , Spaiardi Paolo , Parenti Marco , Toselli Mauro , Chini Bice 
Published: June 2010

J. Neurochem. (2010) 114, 1424–1435.AbstractOxytocin receptor is a seven transmembrane receptor widely expressed in the CNS that triggers Gi or Gq protein‐mediated signaling cascades leading to the regulation of a variety of neuroendocrine and cognitive functions. We decided to investigate whether and how the promiscuous receptor/G protein coupling affects neuronal excitability. As an experimental model, we used the immortalized gonadotropin‐releasing hormone‐positive GN11 cell line displaying the features of immature, migrating olfactory neurons. Using RT‐PCR analysis, we detected the presence of oxytocin receptors whose stimulation by oxytocin led to the accumulation of inositol phosphates and to the inhibition of cell proliferation, and the expression of several inward rectifier (IR) K+ channel subtypes. Moreover, electrophysiological and pharmacological inspections using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings evidenced that in GN11 cells, IR channel subtypes are responsive to oxytocin. In particular, we found that: (i) peptide activation of receptor either inhibited or stimulated IR conductances, and (ii) IR current inhibition was mediated by a pertussis toxin‐resistant G protein presumably of the Gq/11 subtype, and by phospholipase C, whereas IR current activation was achieved via receptor coupling to a pertussis toxin‐sensitive Gi/o protein. The findings suggest that neuronal excitability might be tuned by a single peptide receptor that mediates opposing effects on distinct K+ channels through the promiscuous coupling to different G proteins.
Measuring virtues – development of a scale to measure employee virtues and their influence on health
Authors: Wärnå‐Furu Carola , Sääksjärvi Maria , Santavirta Nina 
Published: June 2010

Scand J Caring Sci; 2010; 24; 38–45

Measuring virtues – development of a scale to measure employee virtues and their influence on health Aim and method:  The objectives of this article are to present a measurement instrument for virtues, and to examine the link between virtues and health. The instrument was tested by the occupational health care at a large Finnish pulp and paper manufacturer and was shown to be consistent, valid and reliable. In developing the scale, we had two samples of employees and used factor analysis and partial least squares modelling (PLS) on both samples.Findings:  Factor analysis showed that pride is the most important virtue, followed by love and generosity. In the PLS analysis, we found virtues to significantly reduce the number of sick days. In addition, we found significant relationships between virtues and fatigue, depression and happiness. Virtuous behaviour decreased sick leave and depression. The virtues had a positive influence on happiness and on improvement in one's health.Conclusion:  The results show that by taking into account virtues in working life, companies can significantly improve their employees’ well‐being. The measurement instrument helps broaden the traditional view on health and is meant to be used by health care professionals in their daily practice. By addressing a person’s physical, mental and virtual well‐being, health care practitioners can take care of employees on a broader level than before.
Disentangling the relative effects of environmental versus human factors on the abundance of native and alien plant species in Mediterranean sandy shores
Authors: Carboni Marta , Thuiller Wilfried , Izzi Francesca , Acosta Alicia 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  Mediterranean coastal sand dunes are characterized by both very stressful environmental conditions and intense human pressure. This work aims to separate the relative contributions of environmental and human factors in determining the presence/abundance of native and alien plant species in such an extreme environment at a regional scale.Location  250 km of the Italian Tyrrhenian coast (Region Lazio).Methods  We analysed alien and native plant richness and fitted generalized additive models in a multimodel‐inference framework with comprehensive randomizations to evaluate the relative contribution of environmental and human correlates in explaining the observed patterns.Results  Native and alien richness are positively correlated, but different variables influence their spatial patterns. For natives, human population density is the most important factor and is negatively related to richness. Numbers of natives are unexpectedly lower in areas with a high proportion of natural land cover (probably attributable to local farming practices) and, to a lesser degree, affected by the movement of the coastline. On the other hand, alien species richness is strongly related to climatic factors, and more aliens are found in sectors with high rainfall. Secondarily, alien introductions appear to be related to recent urban sprawl and associated gardening.Main conclusions  Well‐adapted native species in a fragile equilibrium with their natural environment are extremely sensitive to human‐driven modifications. On the contrary, for more generalist alien species, the availability of limited resources plays a predominant role.
BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH: Native‐exotic species richness relationships across spatial scales and biotic homogenization in wetland plant communities of Illinois, USA
Authors: Chen Hua , Qian Hong , Spyreas Greg , Crossland Matthew 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAim  To examine native‐exotic species richness relationships across spatial scales and corresponding biotic homogenization in wetland plant communities.Location  Illinois, USA.Methods  We analysed the native‐exotic species richness relationship for vascular plants at three spatial scales (small, 0.25 m2 of sample area; medium, 1 m2 of sample area; large, 5 m2 of sample area) in 103 wetlands across Illinois. At each scale, Spearman’s correlation coefficient between native and exotic richness was calculated. We also investigated the potential for biotic homogenization by comparing all species surveyed in a wetland community (from the large sample area) with the species composition in all other wetlands using paired comparisons of their Jaccard’s and Simpson’s similarity indices.Results  At large and medium scales, native richness was positively correlated with exotic richness, with the strength of the correlation decreasing from the large to the medium scale; at the smallest scale, the native‐exotic richness correlation was negative. The average value for homogenization indices was 0.096 and 0.168, using Jaccard’s and Simpson’s indices, respectively, indicating that these wetland plant communities have been homogenized because of invasion by exotic species.Main Conclusions  Our study demonstrated a clear shift from a positive to a negative native‐exotic species richness relationship from larger to smaller spatial scales. The negative native‐exotic richness relationship that we found is suggested to result from direct biotic interactions (competitive exclusion) between native and exotic species, whereas positive correlations likely reflect the more prominent influence of habitat heterogeneity on richness at larger scales. Our finding of homogenization at the community level extends conclusions from previous studies having found this pattern at much larger spatial scales. Furthermore, these results suggest that even while exhibiting a positive native‐exotic richness relationship, community level biotas can/are still being homogenized because of exotic species invasion.
Interrelated labor decisions of farm couples: a censored response analysis of off‐farm work
Authors: Bjørnsen Hild‐Marte , Biørn Erik 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFarm couples' labor market responses are partly the discrete choice of entering the off‐farm labor market and partly the continuous choice of off‐farm working hours, given entry. Such a setting is interesting when examining the increasing occurrence of multiple job‐holdings among farmers in Western economies. Most existing analyses of off‐farm labor supply only model the decisions of the farmer, not the joint decisions of the farm couple. This article presents a framework for handling such interrelated discrete/continuous choices, involving also farm production and household consumption. The derived two‐equation sub‐model for husband/wife's censored labor responses is estimated from a 10‐year Norwegian panel data for 342 farms. The results agree to some extent with earlier studies, but are more informative because of the longer panels—which allows a more extensive examination of latent heterogeneity and behavioral persistence—because it provides cross‐effects in the spouses' labor supplies. The results show some interesting differences between how the independent variables influence the labor supply of operator and spouse. This is most evident for the cross‐effects of education, children, and wage rate. Overall, the results strongly support applying a panel‐censoring model that accounts for latent heterogeneity in this context.
Productivity and international competitiveness of agriculture in the European Union and the United States
Authors: Ball V. Eldon , Butault Jean‐Pierre , Juan Carlos San , Mora Ricardo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThis study looks at international competitiveness of agriculture in the European Union and the United States. The most intuitive concept is that of price competitiveness. We calculate relative prices for 11 member states of the European Union and the United States for the period 1973–2002. We assume that markets are perfectly competitive and in long‐run equilibrium, so that the observed price always equals average total cost, as measured by the cost dual to the production function. This assumption is used in our calculation of relative competitiveness and productivity gaps between the European Union and the United States and in our decomposition of relative price movements between changes in relative input prices and changes in relative productivity levels.
The effects of dental anxiety and irregular attendance on referral for dental treatment under sedation within the National Health Service in London
Authors: Milgrom Peter , Newton Jonathon T. , Boyle Carole , Heaton Lisa J. , Donaldson Nora 
Published: June 2010

Milgrom P, Newton JT, Boyle C, Heaton LJ, Donaldson N. The effects of dental anxiety and irregular attendance on referral for dental treatment under sedation within the National Health Service in London. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 453–459. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstractObjective:  To investigate whether the relationship between dental anxiety and referral for treatment under sedation is explained by attendance patterns and oral health.Methods:  Structural Equation Modeling was used on the covariance matrix of the covariates to test hypothesized inter‐relationships. Subsequently, we modeled the probability of referral for treatment under sedation with a multiple logistic regression taking into account inter‐relationships between the independent variables.Results:  A direct significant association of referral with dental anxiety and attendance patterns was detected, but not with oral health status. However, oral health and anxiety were highly correlated. Also signaled were correlations between age and education and between gender and bad past experience.Conclusion:  Referral for treatment under sedation appears to be motivated by both fear and irregular patterns of attendance. Coupled with behavioral treatments to address dental fear and attendance, sedation can be an important part of comprehensive care where curative treatments are long or unpleasant for patients.
Are oral health complaints related to smoking cessation intentions?
Authors: Rosseel J. P. , Hilberink S. R. , Jacobs J. E. , Maassen I. M. , Plasschaert A. J. M. , Grol R. P. T. M. 
Published: June 2010

Rosseel JP, Hilberink SR, Jacobs JE, Maassen IM, Plasschaert AJM, Grol RPTM. Are oral health complaints related to smoking cessation intentions? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38: 470–478. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstractObjective:  Smoking influences oral health in several ways (such as the occurrence of periodontitis, teeth discolouration and oral cancer); therefore, smoking behaviour should be addressed in dental care. Dentists can play a role in primary and secondary prevention of tobacco dependence. They see their patients repeatedly over time. This study investigates whether oral health complaints can be seized as an opportunity to start smoking cessation counselling.Methods:  A structured patient questionnaire in a sample of 1101 smokers (52.1% women, mean age 40.4 years) in a convenience sample of 87 primary care dental practices. The I‐change model was used to describe factors influencing behavioural change. Dependent factors such as intention to quit smoking and related factors (attitude, social support and self‐efficacy) were analysed in relation to independent factors such as oral health complaints (gingiva problems, gingiva inflammation, oral cancer and discoloured teeth) using a general linear model (univariate analysis), multinomial logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.Results:  A total of 56.3% had discoloured teeth, 27% of the smokers had a problem with their gums and 15.7% had gingiva inflammation. We found no direct relation between oral health complaints and the intention to quit smoking. However, teeth discolouration was positively related to attitudes towards smoking cessation [β, Confidential interval (95%); 1.92 (1.45–2.40 for advantages and −0.86(−1.18 to −0.53) for disadvantages] and negatively to self‐efficacy regarding quitting [−2.69 (−3.49 to 1.88)].Conclusions:  We found no direct relation between oral health complaints and the intention to quit smoking, but oral health complaints and especially teeth discolouration were related to factors influencing the quit intention. Patients with discoloured teeth are more likely to have a positive attitude towards smoking cessation but are uncertain to persist smoking cessation. It is suggested that teeth discolouration can be a good entrance for addressing smoking cessation in daily dental practice.