bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutational Profiling by Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Our Experience
Authors: Deka Hitesh , Mahanta Neelakshi , Kalita Naba Kumar , Goswami Bibhash Chandra 
Published: April 2024

Introduction According to GLOBOCAN 2020, overall lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both sexes (11.4%) accounting for highest cancer-related mortality (18%).1 Adenocarcinoma subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype and is divided into further molecular subtypes based on oncogenic driver mutations. Overall survival in these patients is poor with the use of conventional platinum-based double chemotherapy and various recent studies on targeted therapy studies have showed improved survival. Therefore, broad panel-based testing like next-generation sequencing (NGS) is strongly recommended to identify these targetable driver mutations.
Aims and Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutational profile in patients with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC) by NGS method.
Materials and Methods A hospital-based prospective observational study done on 88 patients under the Department of Medical Oncology, State Cancer Institute during a period of 1 year. All patients above 18 years of age diagnosed as mNSCLC having Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 2 and evaluated for mutational profiling by NGS method were included. Five gene panel tests including endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK), BRAF, mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET), and ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) were used.
Results and Observations Majority of mNSCLC cases were in the age group of 41 to 50 years (n = 30, 34.1%) with average age at presentation being 53.74 years. Male: female ratio was 1.14:1 and most patients were nonsmokers. Adenocarcinoma subtype of mNSCLC cases had the highest mutational burden (n = 55, 62.5%). EGFR (n = 32, 56.14%) was the most common mutation followed by EML4-ALK (n = 19, 33.33%). Most common EGFR mutation was in Exon 19. Other rare mutations were ROS1 (n = 4), BRAF V600E (n = 1), and MET (n = 1). Skeleton was the most common site of metastasis across all driver mutations.
Conclusion EGFR and EML4-ALK were the commonest targetable mutations detected in the study. As there is very limited data from North Eastern region of India regarding mutational status in mNSCLC, this study opens up possibilities for further studies targeting multiple mutations to give us more comprehensive understanding of the mutational landscape of mNSCLC in this era of precision medicine.
Research on flipped classrooms in foreign language teaching in Chinese higher education
Authors: Kong Wen , Li Di , Guo Quanjiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis review examines 233 articles published in Chinese academic journals between 2011 and 2021, documenting the state of research concerning flipped classrooms (FCs) in foreign language teaching within the context of higher education in China. Employing the methodological approach of a scoping review, the investigation is underpinned by the five-stage framework articulated by Arksey and O’Malley. The results reveal a notable surge in FC-related studies between 2013 and 2017, with a subsequent decline in scholarly attention. The majority of the reviewed studies on FCs focused on English instruction at the college level, with a conspicuous dearth of inquiry into the application of FCs in the teaching of other foreign languages. All studies were categorized as either empirical or non-empirical, and the most frequently used instruments for data collection were surveys and interviews; case studies were underrepresented in the literature. Early studies focused on the introduction of the new model, while more recent investigations focused on the impact of its implementation. The findings of the in-depth content analysis unearthed a prevailing trend of high learner satisfaction with the FC model, along with favorable direct and indirect educational outcomes. Noteworthy factors influencing the efficacy of FCs included learners’ foreign language proficiency and their self-regulation or self-discipline abilities. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges in FC implementation and a call for future research on this promising pedagogy.
Exploring layer thinning of exfoliated β-tellurene and room temperature photoluminescence with large exciton binding energy revealed in β-TeO2
Authors: Aljalham Ghadeer , Alsaggaf Sarah , Albawardi Shahad , Tabbakh Thamer , Addamane Sadhvikas J. , DelRio Frank W. , Amer Moh R. 
Published: April 2024

Due to its tunable bandgap, anisotropic behavior, and superior thermoelectric properties, device applications using layered tellurene (Te) are becoming more attractive. Here, we report a thinning technique for exfoliated tellurene nanosheets using thermal annealing in an oxygen environment. We characterize different thinning parameters, including temperature and annealing time. Based on our measurements, we show that controlled layer thinning occurs in the narrow temperature range of 325–350 °C. We also show a reliable method to form β-tellurene oxide (β-TeO2), which is an emerging wide bandgap semiconductor with promising electronic and optoelectronic properties. This wide bandgap semiconductor exhibits a broad photoluminescence (PL) spectrum with multiple peaks covering the range of 1.76–2.08 eV. This PL emission, coupled with Raman spectra, is strong evidence of the formation of 2D β-TeO2. We discuss the results obtained and the mechanisms of Te thinning and β-TeO2 formation at different temperature regimes. We also discuss the optical bandgap of β-TeO2 and show the existence of pronounced excitonic effects evident by the large exciton binding energy in this 2D β-TeO2 system that reach 1.54–1.62 eV for bulk and monolayer, respectively. Our work can be utilized to have better control over the Te nanosheet thickness. It also sheds light on the formation of well-controlled β-TeO2 layered semiconductors for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Evidence of gas phase nucleation of nanodiamond in microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Nikhar Tanvi , Baryshev Sergey V. 
Published: April 2024

The mechanism of ballas-like nanodiamond formation still remains elusive, and this work attempts to analyze its formation in the framework of activation energy (Ea) of nanodiamond films grown from a H2/CH4 plasma in a 2.45 GHz chemical vapor deposition system. The Ea was calculated from the Arrhenius equation corresponding to the thickness growth rate using substrate temperature (∼1000−1300 K) in all the calculations. While the calculated values matched with the Ea for nanodiamond formation throughout the literature, these values of ∼10 kcal/mol were lower compared to ∼15–25 kcal/mol for standard single crystal diamond (SCD) formation, concluding thus far that the energetics and processes involved were different. Further, the substrate preparation and sample collection method were modified while keeping the growth parameters constant. Unseeded Si substrate was physically separated from the plasma discharge by a molybdenum disk with a pinhole drilled in it. Small quantity of a sample substance was collected on the substrate. The sample was characterized by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, confirming it to be nanodiamond, thus suggesting that nanodiamond self-nucleated in the plasma and flowed to the substrate that acted as a mere collection plate. It is hypothesized then, if nanodiamond nucleates in gas phase, gas temperature has to be used in the Arrhenius analysis. The Ea values for all the nanodiamond films were re-calculated using the simulated gas temperature (∼1500−2000 K) obtained from a simple H2/CH4 plasma model, giving new values within the range characteristic to SCD formation. Based on these findings, a unified growth mechanism for nanodiamond and SCD is proposed, concluding that the rate-limiting reactions for nanodiamond and SCD formation are the same.
A first-principles investigation of BF3 and ClF3 gas sensing on N-defected AlN nanosheets
Authors: Tonny Ishrat Jahan , Khatun Mim , Roy Debashis , Roman Abdullah Al , Ahmed Mohammad Tanvir 
Published: April 2024

We conducted theoretical calculations to examine the energetic stability of pristine aluminum nitride (AlN) and N-defected AlN nanosheets, along with their structural, electronic, and optical properties, utilizing density functional theory. Furthermore, we explored the adsorption properties of BF3 and ClF3 toxic gases on both pristine AlN and N-defected AlN nanosheets. Our findings reveal that the N-defect on the AlN nanosheet enhances the gas adsorption energies (−1.354 and −13.263 eV) compared to the pristine AlN nanosheet. Additionally, the absolute value of the bandgap for the N-defected AlN nanosheet increases to 3.032 eV, exceeding the 2.997 eV value of the pristine AlN nanosheet. The gas molecules suffer significant deformation due to their interaction with adsorbents. Upon BF3 gas adsorption, the bandgap of the N-defected AlN nanosheet diminishes to zero. Moreover, the recovery time after gas adsorption on the N-defected AlN nanosheet surpasses that of the pristine AlN nanosheet. Both adsorbents showed a high absorption coefficient of over 104 cm−1 in the UV region. Significant peak shifting in the optical spectra of the N-defected AlN nanosheet was observed due to gas adsorption. The pronounced changes in structural, electronic, and optical properties following toxic gas adsorption suggest that N-defected AlN nanosheets are suitable for the adsorption (dissociation) of BF3 (ClF3) gases.
Semi-empirical cross-section formulas for electron-impact ionization and rate coefficient calculations
Authors: Benredjem Djamel , Pain Jean-Christophe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We propose a semi-empirical formula for the cross section of ionization by electron impact. The formula involves adjustable parameters which are determined by comparison with measured or numerically calculated cross sections. In the latter case, the ions are perturbed by their environment which is a high-density plasma. As a consequence, the cross section is significantly modified. We investigate Be-like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen as well as aluminum ions. We also show that the formula is well-suited for interpolation and extrapolation. Knowing the cross section, we calculate the rate coefficient within the Boltzmann and Fermi–Dirac statistics. In the first case, the rate can be calculated analytically. In the second one, it can be expressed in terms of special functions, but the numerical evaluation is more convenient while providing accurate results. Our results are compared to experiment and to other calculations.
Thermodynamic signatures and phase transitions in high-energy Au–Au collision
Authors: Badshah Murad , Waqas Muhammad , Ajaz Muhammad , Bietenholz Wolfgang , Alrebdi Haifa I , Ben Ammar Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, we systematically investigate the dynamics of various hadrons namely π
+, π
−, K
+, K
−, p,

p

¯

, Λ,

Λ

¯

, Ξ− and

Ξ

¯

+

produced in central Au–Au collisions. We analyze data of AGS and RHIC, which span a broad range of collision energies, ranging from

s

NN

= 1.9 to 200 GeV. To analyze the transverse momentum (p

T
) and transverse mass (m

T
) distributions, we employ a two-component standard distribution function, achieving a very good representation of the experimental data across these energy regimes. We extract key thermodynamic parameters, including the effective temperature T, the mean transverse momentum 〈p

T
〉, and the initial temperature T

i
, and analyze their dependence on the values of collision energy and particle mass. Our findings reveal a distinct transition behaviour around

s

NN

=
19.6

GeV

. Below

s

NN

=
19.6

GeV

, the values of T, 〈p

T
〉, and T

i
increase monotonically for all hadrons due to higher energy transfer into the system. Above this energy threshold, these extracted parameters plateau, suggesting that the additional energy is utilized as latent heat for phase transition rather than increasing the system’s temperature. These observations delineate two distinct regions: a hadron-dominated region at lower energies and a parton-dominated region at higher energies, each potentially indicative of different phases of matter, with the latter possibly signalling the onset of a quark–gluon plasma. The study thus provides critical insights into the complex interplay of thermodynamics, phase transitions, and particle interactions in high-energy Au–Au collisions.
Magnetic exchange interactions and non-Debye relaxation in spin-3/2 frustrated Kagomé magnet Co3V2O8
Authors: Singh H , Skoulatos M , Joshi D C , Pramanik P , Roy-Chowdhury M , Ghosh S , Jena S K , Dey J K , Thota S 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We report the experimental determination of the magnetic exchange parameter (

J

/

k
B

= 2.88 ± 0.02 K) for the Spin-3/2 ferromagnetic (FM) Kagomé lattice system: Co3V2O8 using the temperature dependence of dc-magnetic susceptibility χ(T) data by employing the fundamental Heisenberg linear chain model. Our results are quite consistent with the theoretically reported nearest neighbor dominant FM exchange coupling strength

J

ex

−
N
N

∼

2.45 K. Five different magnetic phase transitions (6.2–11.2 K) and spin-flip transitions (9.6–7.7 kOe) have been probed using the

∂

(

χ
T

)/

∂
T

vs. T, heat capacity (CP
-T) and differential isothermal magnetization curves. Among such sequence of transitions, the prominent ones being incommensurate antiferromagnetic (AFM) state at 11.2 K, commensurate AFM state at 8.8 K, and commensurate FM state across 6.2 K. All the successive magnetic phase transitions have been mapped onto a single H-T plane through which one can easily distinguish the above-mentioned different phases. The magnetic contribution of the CP
-T near TN
(11.2 K) has been analyzed using the power-law expression

C

M

=

A
|
T

—

T
N

|

−
α

resulting in the critical exponent α = 0.18 ± 0.01 (0.15 ± 0.003) for T

<

TN
(T

>

TN
), respectively for the Co3V2O8. It is interesting to note that non-Debye type dipole relaxation is quite prominent in Co3V2O8 and was evident from the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts analysis of complex modulus and impedance spectra (0

⩽
β
⩽

1). Mott’s variable-range hopping of charge carriers process is evident through the resistivity analysis (

ρ

ac

-T

−
1

/

4

) in the temperature range 275 ∘C–350 ∘C. Moreover, the frequency-dependent analysis of

σ

ac

(ω) follows Jonscher’s power law yielding two distinct activation energies (

E
a

∼

0.37 and 2.29 eV) between the temperature range 39 ∘C–99 ∘C and 240 ∘C–321 ∘C.
Terahertz magneto-optical response in ferromagnetic Fe–Co–Al alloys
Authors: Lei Ming , Coh Sinisa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the magneto-optical properties of Fe–Co–Al ordered alloys in the terahertz range of frequencies. Using the standard Kubo-based approach to compute intrinsic part of the

σ

x
y

(
ω
)

we find a strong dependence of σ

xy
on ω in the terahertz range. For example, we find that below 10 THz Co3Al has nearly constant σ

xy
and that above 10 THz it is reduced by about 50 times. Furthermore, we find a strong dependence of σ

xy
on the chemical composition. For example, we find that the addition of Al to Fe changes the sign of σ

xy
, while the addition of Co to Fe leads to a nonmonotonic dependence of σ

xy
on Co concentration.
Insights on the effect of process conditions on the optical properties of silver ion exchanged soda-lime silicate glass
Authors: Osmani Ismahen , Hamidouche Mohamed , Demagh Nacer-eddine , Guechi Abla , Cottrino Sandrine , Soltani Mohamed Toufik , Manseri Amar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The effects of ion exchange time and temperature on the optical properties and plasmonic response of silver ion exchanged soda-lime silicate glass were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) configuration, m-lines spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. SEM analyses in EDS mode provided profiles of silver oxide molar concentration. These profiles were directly correlated to the silver diffusion coefficient using an adjustment procedure. The effective indices of ion exchanged glasses measured by the standard prism coupling technique (m-lines) allowed access to refractive index distributions in ion exchange regions. These ion-exchanged glasses underwent evaluation to determine their potential suitability for use in multimode planar systems. The PL results acquired after ion exchange demonstrated that the creation of Ag0 atoms from Ag+ ions was responsible for the decline and quenching of PL intensity at ion exchange times and temperatures increase. Silver nanoparticles were generated in the samples subjected to ion exchange at 480 °C without the need for post-exchange treatments. The emergence of the surface plasmon resonance band around 427 nm in the optical absorption spectra confirmed the formation of Ag nanoparticles in annealed glasses. Estimates of the UV–visible absorption spectra indicated an average size of silver nanoparticles ranging from 1.8 to 2.4 nm.
Intrinsic negative Poisson’s ratio of the monolayer semiconductor β-
TeO2
Authors: Yuan Yubo , Zhu Ziye , Zhao Shu , Li Wenbin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Monolayer semiconductors with unique mechanical responses are promising candidates for novel electromechanical applications. Here, through first-principles calculations, we discover that the monolayer β-

TeO
2

, a high-mobility p-type and environmentally stable 2D semiconductor, exhibits an unusual out-of-plane negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR) when a uniaxial strain is applied along the zigzag direction. The NPR originates from the unique six-sublayer puckered structure and hinge-like Te–O bonds in the 2D β-

TeO
2

. We further propose that the sign of the Raman frequency change under uniaxial tensile strain could assist in determining the lattice orientation of monolayer β-

TeO
2

, which facilitates the experimental study of the NPR. Our results is expected to motivate further experimental and theoretical studies of the rich physical and mechanical properties of monolayer β-TeO2.
Low Mach number limit on perforated domains for the evolutionary Navier–Stokes–Fourier system
Authors: Basarić Danica , Chaudhuri Nilasis 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We consider the Navier–Stokes–Fourier system describing the motion of a compressible, viscous and heat-conducting fluid on a domain perforated by tiny holes. First, we identify a class of dissipative solutions to the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation as a low Mach number limit of the primitive system. Secondly, by proving the weak–strong uniqueness principle, we obtain strong convergence to the target system on the lifespan of the strong solution.
A do-it-yourself demonstration of the magnetic force between parallel wires
Authors: González Manuel I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a nearly zero-cost device, manufactured using DIY techniques, intended to reveal the weak magnetic force between two parallel current carrying wires. The device is easily portable to the classroom, requiring a unique auxiliary instrument: a DC power source capable of supplying a few amperes. By changing the electrical connections it is possible to switch quickly between the modes of parallel and antiparallel currents. The device has already been successfully used in the classroom, with first-year undergraduate and final-year secondary school students.
Testing the postulates of quantum mechanics with coherent states of light and homodyne detection
Authors: Conlon Lorcán O , Walsh Angus , Hua Yuhan , Thearle Oliver , Vogl Tobias , Eilenberger Falk , Koy Lam Ping , Assad Syed M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Quantum mechanics has withstood every experimental test thus far. However, it relies on ad-hoc postulates which require experimental verification. Over the past decade there has been a great deal of research testing these postulates, with numerous tests of Born’s rule for determining probabilities and the complex nature of the Hilbert space being carried out. Although these tests are yet to reveal any significant deviation from textbook quantum theory, it remains important to conduct such tests in different configurations and using different quantum states. Here we perform the first such test using coherent states of light in a three-arm interferometer combined with homodyne detection. Our proposed configuration requires additional assumptions, but importantly allows us to use quantum states which exist in a larger Hilbert space compared to previous tests. For testing Born’s rule, we find that the third order interference is bounded to be

κ
=
0.002
±
0.004

and for testing whether quantum mechanics is complex or not we find a Peres parameter of

F
=
1.0000
±
0.0003

(F = 1 corresponds to the expected complex quantum mechanics). We also design and implement a test of Glauber’s theory of optical coherence.
A compact approach to higher-resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering detection using photoelectrons
Authors: Schunck Jan O , Buck Jens , Engel Robin Y , Kruse Simon R , Marotzke Simon , Scholz Markus , Mahatha Sanjoy K , Huang Meng-Jie , Rønnow Henrik M , Dakovski Georgi , Hoesch Moritz , Kalläne Matthias , Rossnagel Kai , Beye Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The detection of inelastically scattered soft x-rays with high energy resolution usually requires large grating spectrometers. Recently, photoelectron spectrometry for analysis of x-rays (PAX) has been rediscovered for modern spectroscopy experiments at synchrotron light sources. By converting scattered photons to electrons and using an electron energy analyser, the energy resolution for resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) becomes decoupled from the x-ray spot size and instrument length. In this work, we develop PAX towards high energy resolution using a modern photoemission spectroscopy setup studying Ba2Cu3O4Cl2 at the Cu L
3-edge. We measure a momentum transfer range of 24% of the first Brillouin zone simultaneously. Our results hint at the observation of a magnon excitation below 100 meV energy transfer and show intensity variations related to the dispersion of dd-excitations. With dedicated setups, PAX can complement the best and largest RIXS instruments, while at the same time opening new opportunities to acquire RIXS at a range of momentum transfers simultaneously and combine it with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in a single instrument.
Defect chemistry engineering of Ga-doped garnet electrolyte with high stability for solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Chen 陈 Sihan 思汗 , Li 黎 Jun 俊 , Liu 刘 Keke 可可 , Sun 孙 Xiaochen 笑晨 , Wan 万 Jingwei 京伟 , Zhai 翟 Huiyu 慧宇 , Tang 唐 Xinfeng 新峰 , Tan 谭 Gangjian 刚健 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ga-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (Ga-LLZO) has long been considered as a promising garnet-type electrolyte candidate for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLBs) due to its high room temperature ionic conductivity. However, the typical synthesis of Ga-LLZO is usually accompanied by the formation of undesired LiGaO2 impurity phase that causes severe instability of the electrolyte in contact with molten Li metal during half/full cell assembly. In this study, we show that by simply engineering the defect chemistry of Ga-LLZO, namely, the lithium deficiency level, LiGaO2 impurity phase is effectively inhibited in the final synthetic product. Consequently, defect chemistry engineered Ga-LLZO exhibits excellent electrochemical stability against lithium metal, while its high room temperature ionic conductivity (∼ 1.9 × 10−3 S⋅cm−1) is well reserved. The assembled Li/Ga-LLZO/Li symmetric cell has a superior critical current density of 0.9 mA⋅cm−2, and cycles stably for 500 hours at a current density of 0.3 mA⋅cm−2. This research facilitates the potential commercial applications of high performance Ga-LLZO solid electrolytes in ASSLBs.