bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical protocols for ridge preservation after tooth extraction. A systematic review
Authors: Vignoletti Fabio , Matesanz Paula , Rodrigo Daniel , Figuero Elena , Martin Conchita , Sanz Mariano 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aims to evaluate the scientific evidence on the efficacy in the surgical protocols designed for preserving the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction and to evaluate how these techniques affect the placement of dental implants and the final implant supported restoration.Material and methodsA thorough search in MEDLINE‐PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials (CENTRAL) was conducted up to February 2011. Randomized clinical trials and prospective cohort studies with a follow‐up of at least 3 months reporting changes on both the hard and soft tissues (height and/or width) of the alveolar process (mm or %) after tooth extraction were considered for inclusion.ResultsThe screening of titles and abstracts resulted in 14 publications meeting the eligibility criteria. Data from nine of these 14 studies could be grouped in the meta‐analyses. Results from the meta‐analyses showed a statistically significant greater ridge reduction in bone height for control groups as compared to test groups (weighted mean differences, WMD = −1.47 mm; 95% CI [−1.982, −0.953]; P < 0.001; heterogeneity: I2 = 13.1%; χ2 P‐value = 0.314) and a significant greater reduction in bone width for control groups compared to the test groups (WMD = −1.830 mm; 95% CI [−2.947, −0.732]; P = 0.001; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%; χ2 P‐value = 0.837). Subgroup analysis was based on the surgical protocol used for the socket preservation (flapless/flapped, barrier membrane/no membrane, primary intention healing/no primary healing) and on the measurement method utilized to evaluate morphological changes. Meta‐regression analyses demonstrated a statistically significant difference favoring the flapped subgroup in terms of bone width (meta‐regression; slope = 2.26; 95% IC [1.01; 3.51]; P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe potential benefit of socket preservation therapies was demonstrated resulting in significantly less vertical and horizontal contraction of the alveolar bone crest. The scientific evidence does not provide clear guidelines in regards to the type of biomaterial, or surgical procedure, although a significant positive effect of the flapped surgery was observed. There are no data available to draw conclusions on the consequences of such benefits on the long‐term outcomes of implant therapy.
Shifts in the height‐related competitiveness of tree species following recent climate warming and implications for tree community composition: the case of common beech and sessile oak as predominant broadleaved species in Europe
Authors: Bontemps Jean‐Daniel , Herve Jean‐Christophe , Duplat Pierre , Dhôte Jean‐François 
Published: December 2011

Height growth is a trait that contributes to tree species fitness. How height growth responds to environmental changes may therefore provide indications on species ability to compete and maintain, and on changes in tree community composition. Common beech Fagus sylvatica and sessile oak Quercus petraea are the predominant late‐successional broadleaved species in Europe, and they differ in their shade‐tolerance. On common beech (a shade tolerant species), recent observations across Europe have shown a growth decline during recent climate warming. Because sessile oak is a warmth‐ and light‐demanding species, we therefore hypothesised that it may gain in competitiveness relative to common beech.We conducted analyses of historical height growth in several regions spanning the distributional range of the two species across a temperate‐continental gradient in France. Common beech and sessile oak were sampled in two and four regions, respectively, and were compared in two neighbouring regions. We documented the climatic and nutritional conditions of regional samples. Height growth of 408 trees of various ages was reconstituted from stem analyses. We estimated 20th‐century regional chronologies of height growth using a statistical modelling approach that filtered out the effects of ontogeny and site fertility. In regions where both species were sampled, modelled height trajectories were compared at different periods over the 20th century.Growth chronologies revealed 1) long‐term growth rate increases of a magnitude of 50–100% over 100 years in both species, more acute in the continental domain, 2) recurrent historical inversions in growth fluctuations between species, 3) a recent divergence, with growth decline in common beech versus a dramatic growth increase in sessile oak, more acute in colder regions. The analysis of height trajectories indicated a recent reduction in common beech competitiveness relative to sessile oak. In the face of future climate warming, we conclude that increased prevalence of beech–oak mixtures may arise.
Neonatal mice do not have increased sensitivity to induction of squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Lerche Catharina M. , Poulsen Thomas , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: December 2011

SummaryBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is linked with the lifelong cumulative effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In contrast, epidemiological data have shown that sunburn in childhood is a stronger risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma than continuous UVR, indicating a higher carcinogenic sensitivity early in life.MethodsWe investigated how a high neonatal dose of UVR affects the development of SCC in mice irradiated later in life. We used simulated solar radiation (sun) and solarium radiation (solarium). Ninety‐nine C3.Cg/TifBomTac‐immunocompetent hairless mice received 0, 25 or 35 standard erythema doses (SED) UVR when they were 4 days old followed by 4 SED sun or 4 SED solarium three times/weekly from 9 weeks of age.ResultsTumours developed faster in mice treated with 35 SED UVR + 4 SED sun compared with 4 SED sun, but no change was observed in the cumulative dose required to achieve tumours. Tumours also developed faster in mice treated with 35 SED UVR + 4 SED solarium compared with 4 SED solarium, and a difference was also observed in the cumulative dose required to achieve tumours. If the Skin Cancer Utrecht‐Philadelphia‐murine spectrum was used to weigh the delivered irradiance instead of the International Commission on Illumination erythema action spectrum, tumours developed after the same accumulated dose.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study does not indicate increased sensitivity to induction of SCC early in life.
Decentring 1788: Beyond Biotic Nativeness
Authors: HEAD LESLEY 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe usefulness of the concept of biotic nativeness has been challenged in both the social and natural sciences, for different reasons. This paper explores the particular construction of nativeness in Australia in relation to plants, showing that the definition builds on and inscribes more deeply the boundary between humans and the rest of nature seen in the wider literature. In this context two further boundaries are etched: between some humans and others, and before and after European colonisation. Such a use of nativeness as an axiom of environmental management is argued to be problematic, foreclosing a number of future options just when we need to increase our capacity to deal with contingency and unpredictability. But if Australia has experienced distinctive historical processes of entrenching these boundaries, it also has a distinctive heritage of destabilisation in a range of geographic work. The paper discusses how we might build on this heritage to imagine more open futures in which the problematic boundaries were removed. Some of these futures resonate with vernacular recombinations of plants from diverse origins.
Platelet‐activating Factor Does Not Mediate UVB‐induced Local Immune Suppression
Authors: Sahu Ravi P. , Yao Yongxue , Konger Raymond L. , Travers Jeffrey B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe lipid mediator Platelet‐activating factor (PAF) and oxidized glycerophosphocholine PAF agonists produced by UVB have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in UVB‐mediated systemic immunosuppression. Importantly, employing the ability of distant UVB irradiation to inhibit contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses to the chemical antigen dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) to an area of unirradiated murine skin, we and others have demonstrated that UVB‐mediated systemic immunosuppression was only observed in PAF‐R expressing wild type (WT) mice and not in PAF‐R‐knockout (Pafr−/−) mice. As it is not known if PAF is involved in UVB‐mediated local immunosuppression, these studies compared local UVB on CHS responses in WT versus Pafr−/− mice. We demonstrate that the application of DNFB onto UVB‐exposed (locally) area of mouse skin resulted in a similar significant inhibition of subsequent CHS responses in both WT and Pafr−/− mice compared to sham‐irradiated control mice. Furthermore, the expression of langerin, a marker for the presence of Langerhans cells was substantially reduced equally in the epidermal ears of UVB‐irradiated WT and Pafr−/− mice compared to their respective sham control groups. These findings indicate that the PAF‐R is not involved UVB‐induced local immunosuppression.
Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Hypertension as a Risk Factor for Storage Symptoms, but Not Voiding Symptoms
Authors: ITO Hideaki , YOSHIYASU Takashi , YAMAGUCHI Osamu , YOKOYAMA Osamu 
Published: December 2011

Objective: Both the presence of lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) and that of hypertension (HT) increase with age. We investigated the associations between male LUTS and HT, and also whether α1‐blockers could allow for the alteration of symptoms.Methods: The subjects comprised 10 744 men with LUTS in a multicenter Japan‐Tamsulosin International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) Survey to assess the long‐term effects of α1‐blockers. A total of 4828 men (mean age, 68.5 years) who received a 12‐week administration of tamsulosin (0.2 mg/day) were assessed using IPSS and quality of life (QOL) surveys before and after tamsulosin administration. Data were collected by self‐administered questionnaires including age, complete history and IPSS at the initial visit.Results: HT was a more common comorbidity (25.9%) than diabetes mellitus (9.9%) or cardiac disease (7.2%). The presence of HT increased significantly with the degree of frequency (mild, 21%; severe, 29%) and nocturia (mild, 23%; severe, 28%), but did not increase with the degree of urgency. Tamsulosin significantly improved all storage and voiding symptoms in every age group above 40 years. The effect of tamsulosin on storage symptoms was more prominent in patients with HT than in patients without it. Concerning voiding symptoms, however, tamsulosin was as effective in patients with HT as it was in patients without HT.Conclusion: HT represents a risk factor for the increased frequency and severity of storage symptoms and it also influences the efficacy of α1‐blockers.
Size estimation of chemical space: how big is it?
Authors: Drew Kurt L M , Baiman Hakim , Khwaounjoo Prashanna , Yu Bo , Reynisson Jóhannes 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Objectives
To estimate the size of organic chemical space and its sub-regions, i.e. drug-like chemical space and known drug space (KDS).

Methods
Analysis of the growth of organic compounds as a function of their carbon atoms based on a power function (f(x) = A×B, C = x) and an exponential function (f(x) = AeBx). Also, the statistical distribution of KDS and drug-like chemical space (drugs with good oral-bioavailability) based on their carbon atom count was used to deduce their size.

Key findings
The power function (f(x) = A×B, C = x) gives a superior fit to the growth of organic compounds leading to an estimate of 3.4 × 109 populating chemical space. KDS is predicted to be 2.0 × 106 molecules and drug-like chemical space is calculated to be 1.1 × 106 compounds.

Conclusions
The values here are much smaller than previously reported. However, the numbers are large but not astronomical. A clear rationale on how we reach these numbers is given, which hopefully will lead to more refined predictions.
The CAM-LDPI method: a novel platform for the assessment of drug absorption
Authors: Tay Stephanie Li Mei , Heng Paul Wan Sia , Chan Lai Wah 
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the use of the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) with laser doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) as a platform to assess absorption of vasoactive drugs.

Methods
The optimal age of the CAM to be employed in the test and the indicator of vasoactivity were first established. Test substances that included common solvents and vasoactive drugs were tested on the CAM surface to determine their irritancy and blood perfusion effects.

Key Findings
Insignificant changes in blood perfusion were observed with deionized water, 0.9% w/v soldium chloride and 5% w/v glucose monohydrate, as well as theophylline and glucagon. Complex changes in blood perfusion were detected with ethanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, glycerin and propranolol. Both caffeine and glyceryl trinitrate resulted in a drop in blood perfusion.

Conclusions
It was concluded that the LDPI offers a rapid and non-invasive method to measure blood perfusion in the CAM. The latter provides a potentially useful platform in formulation studies to evaluate the effects of additives on drug absorption using caffeine or glyceryl trinitrate as model drugs.
Effects of Pretreating Serum Samples on the Performance of a Latex Agglutination Test for Serodiagnosis of Paracoccidioidomycosis
Authors: Silveira-Gomes Fabíola , Marques-da-Silva Silvia Helena 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a fungal disease caused byParacoccidioides brasiliensis, and Brazil is one of the principal countries where it is endemic. Diagnosis is based on the observation of buddingP. brasiliensisyeast in clinical specimens from patients; however, the sensitivity of the visualization of fungi is low, indicating that serological tests are used for early diagnosis. The double-immunodiffusion test (ID) is the “gold standard” test for serology in PCM, although the execution of this test requires the availability of laboratorial infrastructure. We report the improved performance of a latex agglutination test (LAT) by pretreating 30 serum samples from PCM patients and 71 controls (histoplasmosis and aspergillosis patients, patients with bacterial infections, and normal human sera) with a dilution buffer incubated at 37°C for 30 min. The sensitivity and specificity of the LAT test in the nonpretreated samples were 73% and 79%, respectively. However, when samples were pretreated, the sensitivity and specificity of the test increased to 90%. In this study, we did not observe cross-reactivity with histoplasmosis patient sera, but some reactions to sera from patients with aspergillosis and bacterial infections were noted. Normal human sera were not reactive in our tests. These results indicate the need for the elimination of heterologous reactions so that we can adequately use this method for screening cases of PCM.
Draft Genome Sequence of Leucobacter chromiiresistens, an Extremely Chromium-Tolerant Strain
Authors: Sturm Gunnar , Buchta Karl , Kurz Thorsten , Rensing Stefan A. , Gescher Johannes 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Here we present the draft genome of
Leucobacter chromiiresistens
. This is the first genome sequence of an organism belonging to the genus
Leucobacter
.
L. chromiiresistens
was sequenced due to its capability to tolerate up to 300 mM Cr(VI) in the medium, which is so far a unique feature for microorganisms.
Complete Genome Sequence of the BTEX-Degrading Bacterium Pseudoxanthomonas spadix BD-a59
Authors: Lee Seung Hyeon , Jin Hyun Mi , Lee Hyo Jung , Kim Jeong Myeong , Jeon Che Ok 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Pseudoxanthomonas spadix
BD-a59, able to metabolize all six BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and
o
-,
m
-, and
p
-xylene) compounds, was isolated from gasoline-contaminated sediment. Here, we report the complete 3.45-Mb genome sequence and annotation of strain BD-a59. These advance the understanding of strain BD-a59's genomic properties and pollutant metabolic versatility.
Thymidine Auxotrophic Staphylococcus aureus Small-Colony Variant Endocarditis and Left Ventricular Assist Device Infection
Authors: Maduka-Ezeh Awele , Seville Maria Teresa , Kusne Shimon , Vikram Holenarasipur R. , Blair Janis E. , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl , Arabia Francisco , Patel Robin 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTWe describe a thymidine-dependent small-colony variant ofStaphylococcus aureusassociated with left ventricular assist device infection and prosthetic valve and pacemaker endocarditis.
Differences in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Pediatric and Adult Patients from Hospitals in a Large County in California
Authors: Hudson Lyndsey O. , Murphy Courtney R. , Spratt Brian G. , Enright Mark C. , Terpstra Leah , Gombosev Adrijana , Hannah Paul , Mikhail Lydia , Alexander Richard , Moore Douglas F. , Huang Susan S. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Studies of U.S. epidemics of community- and health care-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) suggested differences in MRSA strains in adults and those in children. Comprehensive population-based studies exploring these differences are lacking. We conducted a prospective cohort study of inpatients in Orange County, CA, collecting clinical MRSA isolates from 30 of 31 Orange County hospitals, to characterize differences in MRSA strains isolated from children compared to those isolated from adults. All isolates were characterized by
spa
typing. We collected 1,124 MRSA isolates from adults and 159 from children. Annual Orange County population estimates of MRSA inpatient clinical cultures were 119/100,000 adults and 22/100,000 children.
spa
types t008, t242, and t002 accounted for 83% of all isolates. The distribution of these three
spa
types among adults was significantly different from that among children (χ
2
= 52.29;
P
< 0.001). Forty-one percent of adult isolates were of t008 (USA300), compared to 69% of pediatric isolates. In multivariate analyses, specimens from pediatric patients, wounds, non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, and hospitals with a high proportion of Medicaid-insured patients were significantly associated with the detection of t008 strains. While community- and health care-associated MRSA reservoirs have begun to merge, significant differences remain in pediatric and adult patient populations. Community-associated MRSA
spa
type t008 is significantly more common in pediatric patients.
Evidence of Diversity among Epidemiologically Related Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Belonging to International Clonal Lineage II
Authors: Minandri Fabrizia , D'Arezzo Silvia , Antunes Luísa C. S. , Pourcel Christine , Principe Luigi , Petrosillo Nicola , Visca Paolo 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
strains belonging to international clonal lineage II (ICL-II) have become predominant in intensive care units (ICUs) throughout Italy. Between 2005 and 2009, the carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamase (CHDL)
bla
OXA-23
gene became more prevalent than
bla
OXA-58
among epidemic ICL-II strains showing extensive genetic similarity. These findings posed the question of whether CHDL gene replacement occurred in the homogeneous ICL-II population or a new OXA-23 clone(s) emerged and spread in ICUs. In this study, the changes in the ICL-II
A. baumannii
population and CHDL gene carriage were investigated in 30 genetically related isolates collected during the
bla
OXA-58
-to-
bla
OXA-23
transition period. Pulsotyping, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) results were combined with multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA-8), siderotyping, and plasmid profiling to improve genotype-based discrimination between isolates. Pulsotyping, RAPD analysis, and MLST clustered isolates into a single type. MLVA-8 identified 19 types that clustered into three complexes. All OXA-23-producing isolates formed a single complex, while OXA-58 producers were split into two complexes. Southern blot analysis of the physical localization and genetic context of the CHDL genes showed that
bla
OXA-58
was invariably located on plasmids, while
bla
OXA-23
was present within Tn
2006
on the chromosome or both the chromosome and plasmids. These data indicate that the apparently homogeneous population of CHDL-producing ICL-II strains was composed of several independent strains and that, between 2005 and 2009, distinct OXA-23 producers displaced the preexisting OXA-58 producers. Thus, MLVA-8 appears to be a suitable tool not only for investigating
A. baumannii
population structure but also for high-resolution epidemiological typing.
Pooling Nasopharyngeal/Throat Swab Specimens To Increase Testing Capacity for Influenza Viruses by PCR
Authors: Van Tam T. , Miller Joseph , Warshauer David M. , Reisdorf Erik , Jernigan Daniel , Humes Rosemary , Shult Peter A. 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACT

Real-time PCR methodology can be applied to rapidly and accurately detect influenza viruses. During times of surge testing or enhanced pandemic surveillance, public health laboratories (PHLs) may experience overwhelming demand for testing, even while the prevalence of positive specimens remains low. To improve laboratory capacity and testing efficiency during surges, we evaluated whether nasopharyngeal (NP)/throat swab specimens can be pooled and tested for the presence of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus without a reduction in sensitivity. Pools of 10 specimens were extracted and concentrated upon elution on the MagNA Pure LC instrument, and real-time PCR was performed on the Applied Biosystems 7500 Fast platform, using the CDC swine influenza virus real-time RT-PCR detection panel (rRT-PCR swine flu panel). Specimens in positive pools were singly re-extracted and retested by PCR to identify individual positive samples. Initial studies showed that spiking a pool of nine negative specimens (100 μl each) or 900 μl of virus transport medium with 100 μl of a positive clinical specimen caused no loss of sensitivity by rRT-PCR testing. Pools containing either multiple positive specimens or specimens positive for other respiratory viruses also showed no negative effect on crossing threshold (
C
T
) values. To test the robustness of the pooling protocol, a panel of 50 blinded samples was sent to three PHLs and tested in five pools of 10. All PHLs correctly identified the positive specimens. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a pooling strategy to increase capacity and conserve resources during surge testing and periods of enhanced influenza surveillance when the prevalence is low.