bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing microstructure relationships in porous copper using a multi-method machine learning-based approach
Authors: Wijaya Andi , Wagner Julian , Sartory Bernhard , Brunner Roland 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe prediction of material properties from a given microstructure and its reverse engineering displays an essential ingredient for accelerated material design. However, a comprehensive methodology to uncover the processing-structure-property relationship is still lacking. Herein, we develop a methodology capable of understanding this relationship for differently processed porous materials. We utilize a multi-method machine learning approach incorporating tomographic image data acquisition, segmentation, microstructure feature extraction, feature importance analysis and synthetic microstructure reconstruction. Enhanced segmentation with an accuracy of about 95% based on an efficient annotation technique provides the basis for accurate microstructure quantification, prediction and understanding of the correlation of the extracted microstructure features and electrical conductivity. We show that a diffusion probabilistic model superior to a generative adversarial network model, provides synthetic microstructure images including physical information in agreement with real data, an essential step to predicting properties of unseen conditions.
Narrow bandgap silver mercury telluride alloy semiconductor nanocrystal for self-powered midwavelength-infrared photodiode
Authors: Song Haemin , Eom So Young , Kim Gahyeon , Jung Yoon Seo , Choi Dongsun , Kumar Gundam Sandeep , Lee Jin Hyeok , Kang Hyeong Seok , Ban Jiyeon , Seo Gyeong Won , Hong Sungmin , Bae Sooho , Hwang Gyu Weon , Kim Woong , Jeong Kwang Seob 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInfrared colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been of interest due to their low-cost fabrication and facile wavelength tunability for various infrared optoelectronic applications. Recently, the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) quantum dot sensor has been successfully realized by forming a photodiode via a post-chemical treatment method. Controlling the doping density of the quantum dot solid and engineering the device structure require an extremely sophisticated technique, which hinders consistent doping density and restricts further development in understanding the fundamental photophysics and manufacturing process. Here, we report an air-stable and highly reproducible MWIR CQDs photodiode by incorporating synthesized p-doped Ag-HgTe colloidal nanocrystals (NCs). The Ag-HgTe alloy NCs allow clearly defined p-doped QDs layers, leading to uniform dopant distribution and the ease of engineering device fabrication. By optimizing the doping density, we achieved an average noise equivalent temperature difference of below 10 mK at 78 K with the self-powered MWIR photodiode sensor.
Ice acceleration and rotation in the Greenland Ice Sheet interior in recent decades
Authors: Løkkegaard Anja , Colgan William , Hansen Karina , Thorsøe Kisser , Jakobsen Jakob , Khan Shfaqat Abbas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the past two decades, mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet has accelerated, partly due to the speedup of glaciers. However, uncertainty in speed derived from satellite products hampers the detection of inland changes. In-situ measurements using stake surveys or GPS have lower uncertainties. To detect inland changes, we repeated in-situ measurements of ice-sheet surface velocities at 11 historical locations first measured in 1959, located upstream of Jakobshavn Isbræ, west Greenland. Here, we show ice velocities have increased by 5–15% across all deep inland sites. Several sites show a northward deflection of 3–4.5° in their flow azimuth. The recent appearance of a network of large transverse surface crevasses, bisecting historical overland traverse routes, may indicate a fundamental shift in local ice dynamics. We suggest that creep instability—a coincident warming and softening of near-bed ice layers—may explain recent acceleration and rotation, in the absence of an appreciable change in local driving stress.
Shifts in magnetic mineral assemblages support ocean deoxygenation before the end-Permian mass extinction
Authors: Zhang Min , Qin Huafeng , Hou Yifei , He Kuang , Deng Chenglong , Shen Shu-Zhong , Pan Yong-Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExpansion of oceanic anoxia is a prevailing hypothesis for driving the marine end-Permian mass extinction and is mainly based on isotopic geochemical proxies. However, long-term oceanic redox conditions before the end-Permian mass extinction remain unresolved. Here we report a secular redox trend based on rock magnetic experiments and cerium anomalies through the Changhsingian and across the Permian-Triassic boundary at the Meishan section, China. Magnetic mineral assemblages changed dramatically at ca. 252.8 million years age (Ma), which indicates that oceanic deoxygenation started about 0.9 million years earlier than the end-Permian mass extinction. The magnetite-dominant post end-Permian mass extinction interval suggests a ferruginous dysoxic conditions with enhanced weathering in the earliest Triassic. Also, a gradual magnetite abundance decrease to pre-extinction levels is observed at ca. 251.5 Ma, coinciding temporally with the waning of Siberian Trap and arc volcanism. All of these observations demonstrate that environmental deterioration began much earlier than the end-Permian mass extinction and finally collapsed in the end-Permian.
Thermal contrast enhancement predicts paradoxical heat sensation
Authors: Mitchell Alexandra G. , Fischer Ehmsen Jesper , Basińska Małgorzata , Courtin Arthur S. , Böhme Rebecca A. , Sardeto Deolindo Camila , Allen Micah G. , Sandberg Kristian , Fardo Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParadoxical Heat Sensation (PHS) is the remarkable feeling of warmth or heat pain while the skin is cooling. Despite its initial documentation over 100 years ago, a unified explanation for this perplexing experience remains elusive. Here we apply contrast enhancement principles, known for their instrumental role in understanding visual illusions, to the domain of thermosensation. Contrast enhancement describes the amplification of two contrasting visual features, such as the enhanced perception of an edge between a light and dark bar. In thermosensation, this encompasses an enhancement of the difference between sequential warming and cooling of the skin, and is defined as the normalised difference between successive temporal warm and cold temperatures. Remarkably, thermal contrast predicts the occurrence of PHS. Our findings reveal compelling evidence supporting the role of thermal contrast in the generation of PHS, shedding light on its underlying mechanism and offering a framework for broader encoding principles in thermosensation and pain.
Dynamic control of gene expression by ISGF3 and IRF1 during IFNβ and IFNγ signaling
Authors: Ravi Sundar Jose Geetha Aarathy , Fischer Katrin , Babadei Olga , Smesnik Georg , Vogt Alex , Platanitis Ekaterini , Müller Mathias , Farlik Matthias , Decker Thomas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractType I interferons (IFN-I, including IFNβ) and IFNγ produce overlapping, yet clearly distinct immunological activities. Recent data show that the distinctness of global transcriptional responses to the two IFN types is not apparent when comparing their immediate effects. By analyzing nascent transcripts induced by IFN-I or IFNγ over a period of 48 h, we now show that the distinctiveness of the transcriptomes emerges over time and is based on differential employment of the ISGF3 complex as well as of the second-tier transcription factor IRF1. The distinct transcriptional properties of ISGF3 and IRF1 correspond with a largely diverse nuclear protein interactome. Mechanistically, we describe the specific input of ISGF3 and IRF1 into enhancer activation and the regulation of chromatin accessibility at interferon-stimulated genes (ISG). We further report differences between the IFN types in altering RNA polymerase II pausing at ISG 5’ ends. Our data provide insight how transcriptional regulators create immunological identities of IFN-I and IFNγ.
Probabilistic models for evaluating network edge's resistance against scan and foothold attack
Authors: Wang Shuo , Pei Qingqi , Xiao Yang , Shao Feng , Yuan Shuai , Chu Jiang , Liao Renjie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe threat of Scan and Foothold Attack to the Network Edge (SFANE) is increasing, which greatly affects the application and development of edge computing network architecture. However, existing works focus on the implementation of specific technologies that resist the SFANE but ignore the effectiveness analysis of them. To overcome this limitation, this paper constructs probabilistic models for evaluating network edge's resistance against SFANE. In particular, the attacker models of the SFANE based on the ATT&CK model are first formalized. Afterward, according to the state‐of‐the‐art defense technologies, three different defense strategies are illustrated: no defense, address mutation, and fingerprint decoy. Subsequently, three different probabilistic models are constructed to provide a deeper analysis of the theoretical effect of these strategies on resisting the SFANE. Finally, the experimental results show that the actual defense effect of each strategy almost perfectly follows its probabilistic model.
Chaff jamming recognition and suppression based on semi‐realistic dataset and Pre‐Decluttering Dual‐Stage UNet
Authors: Xu Qinwen , Fu Xiongjun , Li Mingling , Zhao Congxia , Dong Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCountermeasures for chaff jamming have drawn great attention in the field of radar target detection and tracking. Current approaches for chaff jamming recognition and suppression exhibit limitations in practical effect, generalisation ability, and hybrid jamming handling. To address the above problems, the authors first transform the traditional 1D signal processing problem into a 2D semantic segmentation task and then solve it from the perspective of the dataset construction and algorithm design. For the dataset construction, the authors use both measured and simulated data to synthesise a more realistic labelled dataset (semi‐realistic dataset), which is also with good diversity due to its adjustable chaff interference background. For the algorithm design, the authors propose a Pre‐Decluttering Dual‐Stage UNet (D2UNet) to recognise and suppress chaff jamming in two stages successively, where the former provides prior attention masks for the latter. To further improve the performance of D2UNet, the authors also design a multi‐stage loss function to achieve progressive training. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that D2UNet delivers remarkable recognition accuracy (99.305%) and suppression performance (41.326 dB peak signal‐to‐jamming ratio, 0.9952 structure similarity index measure) on the semi‐realistic dataset. Its practical effect is further verified on measured data.
Effect of temperature on partial discharges activity and electrical trees propagation in XLPE
Authors: Li Yan , Zhen Guancheng , Liu Yifan , Song Haoyuan , Liang Yuwei , Liu Xiaokun , Meng Shaoxin , Liu Yan , Li Shasha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables are commonly used for constructing urban power lines due to their superior properties. Insulation defects can cause partial discharge (PD) and electrical tree, which can negatively impact the insulation performance of the cable and even lead to insulation failure. During operation, cables undergo hot and cold cycles, and the temperature of the insulation layer can affect the PD and electrical tree. An experimental platform with a needle‐plate electrode was developed to investigate this phenomenon. The platform was used to detect PD activity and electrical tree propagation in XLPE under a 50 Hz voltage at various temperatures. The results indicate that an increase in insulation temperature leads to an increase in the number of PDs and a decrease in the inception voltage. Simultaneously, it has been observed that a rise in temperature can facilitate the spread of electrical trees. To explicate the aforementioned PD result, a finite element analysis (FEA) model has been developed. Additionally, a molecular dynamics (MD) model of XLPE material was developed to clarify the phenomenon of electrical tree propagation. This study's findings aid in investigating the impact of temperature on XLPE defects, which is critical for assessing power cable performance.
Massive Größenprogredienz und maligne Transformation einer muzinös-zystischen Neoplasie des Pankreas in der Schwangerschaft – ein Fallbericht
Authors: Scheyda-Yoo Katharina , Hofer Ulrich , Várnai-Händel Alinda , Maus Martin K.-H. , Dumoulin Franz Ludwig 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Muzinös-zystische Neoplasien (MCN) machen 10% aller zystischen Pankreasläsionen aus. Sie kommen fast ausschließlich bei weiblichen Patienten vor und weisen ein ovar-ähnliches Stroma sowie häufig Östrogen- und Progesteronrezeptoren auf. Während einer Schwangerschaft können sie massiv an Größe zunehmen und maligne entarten.
Fallbericht Wir berichten von einer 29-jährigen Patientin, bei der vor einigen Jahren eine 35mm große Zyste im Pankreasschwanz aufgefallen und als Pseudozyste eingestuft worden war. Im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaft kam es zu einer massiven Größenzunahme der Zyste, die sich letztendlich als muzinös-zystische Neoplasie mit fokaler maligner Transformation herausstellte.
Schlussfolgerung Zystische Neoplasien des Pankreas bedürfen eines differenzierten Managements, um einerseits eine Übertherapie, andererseits eine maligne Transformation im Intervall zu vermeiden. Patientinnen im gebärfähigen Alter mit V.a. MCN bzw. ätiologisch nicht sicher einzuordnenden zystischen Pankreasläsionen sollten über das (seltene) Phänomen des Progresses von MCN in der Schwangerschaft aufgeklärt und im Rahmen einer Schwangerschaft engmaschig überwacht werden.
Der Experimentalphysiologe Carl Ludwig (1816–1895): Wissenschaftlicher Genius – uneitel, selbstlos, unbeirrbar!
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Weissflog Andreas 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Neben Johannes Müller war Carl Ludwig einer der profiliertesten Naturwissenschaftler und Physiologen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Carl Ludwig vertrat die Auffassung, dass alle Organfunktionen auf die Gesetze von Physik und Chemie zurückzuführen seien. Nur mithilfe reproduzierbarer Experimente könne man Hypothesen glaubhaft belegen. Ludwig hat die technischen Voraussetzungen dafür geschaffen, „Kymographion“ (Wellenschreiber), die „Stromuhr“ sowie die Blutgaspumpe sind Belege dafür. Seine Schüler und er haben grundlegende Experimente zum Verständnis der Nieren- und Atemphysiologie, der Herz-Kreislauf-Funktion und -Innervation, der Drüsensekretion sowie des Lymphsystems gemacht. Ludwigs zweibändiges „Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen“ war über Jahrzehnte hinweg das Standardwerk der naturwissenschaftlichen und experimentellen Physiologie. Viele junge Wissenschaftler aus der ganzen Welt sind nach Leipzig gekommen, um bei Ludwig die Experimentalphysiologie zu lernen.
Use of Respiratory and Contact Precautions to Decrease the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Was Not Associated with a Decrease in Endometritis–Intra-Amniotic Infection
Authors: Roig Jacqueline , DeBolt Chelsea A. , Cabrera Mariela , Spiera Emily , Goldberger Cody , Bianco Angela , Stone Joanne A. , Factor Stephanie H. 
Published: April 2024

Objective To decrease the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the Mount Sinai Hospital's obstetric service, additional contact and respiratory precautions for patients and staff were implemented. Patients were allowed only one support person, SARS-CoV-2 tested on admission, and required to mask during hospitalization. Staff were required to wear masks and eye shields, gloves for all patient care, and gowns for care with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. This study determined if the risk of endometritis/intra-amniotic infection (IAI) changed under the new pandemic precautions.
Study Design A single-center, historical cohort study via electronic medical record review compared singleton deliveries among patients who labored during the “pandemic period” (from March 1 through May 31, 2020) with those who labored during the “prepandemic period” (March 1 through May 31, 2019) to determine if the risk of endometritis/IAI differed. The analysis was done using logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust for possible differences in obstetric practice and patient population between the two periods.
Results Four percent (53/1,318) of patients in the pandemic period and 5.1% (82/1,596) of patients in the prepandemic period were diagnosed with endometritis/IAI (p = 0.15). Compared with patients who delivered in the prepandemic period, those who delivered during the pandemic period had a higher body mass index at delivery (median: 28.36 [interquartile range, IQR: 25.70, 32.07] vs. 28.00 [IQR: 25.23, 31.50], p = 0.01) and experienced fewer digital exams (median: 4 [range: 1, 10] vs. 4 (range: 1, 19], p = 0.004), a practice not included in the SARS-CoV-2 prevention strategy. In multivariable logistic regression with IPTW adjusting for risk factors for endometritis/IAI, period of delivery was not associated with endometritis/IAI (odds ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [0.52, 1.11], p = 0.15).
Conclusion The use of respiratory and contact precautions to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 was not associated with risk of endometritis/IAI.
Key Points
Investigation of the Relationship between Burnout Level and Psychological Resilience in Parents of Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Durmaz Gülbeyaz Baran , Üşenmez Tülay Yıldırım 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout level and psychological resilience in parents of children with Down syndrome (DS). This study was conducted at a Special Education and Rehabilitation Center in Türkiye between August and October 2022. The sample of the correlational and cross-sectional study consisted of 80 parents of children with DS. In this study, descriptive characteristics form (DFC), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and brief resilience scale (BRS) were used to collect data. The parents' mean scores on the emotional exhaustion subscale (EES) and personal achievement subscale (PAS) of MBI according to descriptive characteristics revealed statistically significant difference in the EES and PAS scores associated with the parents' age, gender, education status, working status, number of children in the family, and family type (p < 0.05). The parents' mean scores on the BRS according to descriptive characteristics revealed statistically significant difference in BRS scores associated with the gender, educational status, working status, number of children, type of family, and presence of a chronic disease in the child (p < 0.05). There was a strong negative correlation between the EES and the BRS (r = −0.740, p < 0.05), and a strong positive correlation between the PAS and the BRS (r = 0.758, p < 0.05). It was determined that parents' emotional exhaustion levels increased as their psychological resilience levels decreased, and parents' personal accomplishment increased as their psychological resilience levels increased.
Repulsive Casimir force from a Majorana zero-mode
Authors: Beenakker C. W. J. 
Published: April 2024

Fu and Kane have taught us that a Majorana zero-mode appears on the quantum spin Hall edge at the interface with a superconductor. If a magnetic scatterer is placed on the edge, the zero-point energy of massless edge excitations exerts a force on the scatterer. This is the fermionic analog of the electromagnetic Casimir effect. We show that the Majorana zero-mode produces a repulsive Casimir force, pushing the scatterer away from the superconductor. Unlike some other signatures of Majorana zero-modes, the repulsive Casimir force is directly tied to the topological invariant of the system (the sign of the determinant of the reflection matrix from the superconductor).
Sagnac-type neutron displacement-noise-free interferometeric gravitational-wave detector
Authors: Kawasaki Yuki , Iwaguchi Shoki , Ishikawa Tomohiro , Nishizawa Atsushi , Kitaguchi Masaaki , Yamagata Yutaka , Chen Yanbei , Wu Bin , Shimizu Ryuma , Umemura Kurumi , Tsuji Kenji , Shimizu Hirohiko , Michimura Yuta , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Onishi Takafumi , Kawamura Seiji 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The detection of low-frequency gravitational waves on Earth requires the reduction of displacement noise, which dominates the low-frequency band. One method to cancel test mass displacement noise is a neutron displacement-noise-free interferometer (DFI). This paper proposes a new neutron DFI configuration, a Sagnac-type neutron DFI, which uses a Sagnac interferometer in place of the Mach–Zehnder interferometer. We demonstrate that a sensitivity of the Sagnac-type neutron DFI is higher than that of a conventional neutron DFI with the same interferometer scale. This configuration is particularly significant for neutron DFIs with limited space for construction and limited flux from available neutron sources.
Reconstruction of the initial data from the trace of the solutions on an infinite time cylinder of damped wave equations
*
Authors: Kim Seongyeon , Moon Sunghwan , Seo Ihyeok 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider two types of damped wave equations: the weakly damped equation and the strongly damped equation. We recover the initial velocity from the trace of the solution on a space-time cylinder. This inverse problem is related to photoacoustic tomography (PAT), a hybrid medical imaging technique. PAT is based on generating acoustic waves inside of an object of interest and one of the mathematical problem in PAT is reconstructing the initial velocity from the solution of the wave equation measured on the outside of object. Using the spherical harmonics and spectral theorem, we demonstrate a way to recover the initial velocity.
Low-temperature behaviors of the dipolar magnet Dy3Sb3Zn2O14 with a strongly site-mixing disordered kagome lattice
Authors: Jiang C Y , Wang Y , Ding Z F , Shu L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Interesting behaviors may emerge in the magnetic frustrated materials with significant site-mixing disorder. We present the results of the structural, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat measurements of Dy3Sb3Zn2O14 with ∼20

%

Dy/Zn site-mixing disorder, which results in either a diluted 2D triangular lattice, or an intermediate structure between the kagome and pyrochlore lattice. In addition to the sharp anomaly of the temperature dependence of specific heat at

T
∼

0.35 K, which was attributed to the emergent charge order state for the sample with less disorder, a broad peak at

T
∼

1.5 K, and a small hump below

T
∼

0.1 K are observed. The measured temperature dependence of specific heat and the Monte Carlo simulation suggest that the magnetic frustration persists despite of a strong site-mixing disorder.