bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fish-Oil Fat Emulsion Supplementation May Reduce the Risk of Severe Retinopathy in VLBW Infants
Authors: Pawlik Dorota , Lauterbach Ryszard , Turyk Ewa 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE:
The retina contains rods and cones that have membranes highly enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Infants born prematurely are at risk of DHA insufficiency, because they may not have benefited from a full third trimester of the mother's lipid stores. Moreover, within the first 2 to 3 weeks of life, the main sources of lipids for premature infants are fat emulsions, which do not contain DHA.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This observational study was designed to compare the safety and efficacy outcomes of an intravenous fat emulsion that consists of fish-oil emulsion (contains DHA) with soybean and olive oil, administered from the first day of life to 40 infants who weighed &lt;1250 g; results were obtained from a historical cohort of 44 preterm neonates who were given an emulsion of soybean and olive oil. The primary study outcomes were the occurrence of retinopathy and need for laser therapy and cholestasis. Infants in the 2 groups were comparable with regard to demographic and clinical characteristics and were subjected to the same conventional therapy.

RESULTS:
There was a significantly lower risk of laser therapy for infants who received an emulsion of soybean, olive oil, and fish oil (P = .023). No significant differences were found in acuity and latency of visual evoked potentials between infants in the 2 groups. There was no infant with cholestasis among those who received fish-oil emulsion, and there were 5 subjects with cholestasis in the historical group (P = .056).

CONCLUSION:
Fish-oil–based fat emulsion administered from the first day of life may be effective in the prophylaxis of severe retinopathy.
Drinking water quality and protection of resources
Authors: Fettig J. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The structure of public water supply in Germany and the water resources used are briefly described. An overview over the legal requirements for drinking water is given, and the sources for contaminants are outlined. Then the multiple-barrier approach is discussed with respect to the resources groundwater and spring water, lake and reservoir water, and river water. Examples for treatment schemes are given and the principle of subsurface transport of river water as a first treatment step is described.
Academic Achievement in Individuals with Cleft: A Population-Based Register Study
Authors: Persson Martin , Becker Magnus , Svensson Henry 
Published: January 2011

Objective The focus of this study was to determine whether there were any significant differences in academic achievement between students with a cleft and the general population of Swedish students at the typical time of graduation from compulsory school (usually 16 years of age). Design A retrospective population-based study. Data were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register for the years 1973 through 1986 and were linked to the Swedish School–Grade Register. Participants A total of 511 individuals with cleft palate (CP), 651 individuals with cleft lip (CL), and 830 individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) were compared with a control group consisting of 1,249,404 individuals. Main Outcome Measures (1) Not receiving school leaving certificate; (2) odds of receiving lowest grade and reduced odds of receiving a high grade in the following subjects: (a) Mathematics, (b) English, (c) Swedish, (d) Physical Education, and (e) grade point average (GPA). Results The group with cleft had higher odds of not receiving leaving certificates in comparison with the general population. They also had higher odds of receiving the lowest grade and/or reduced odds of receiving a high grade in the subjects analyzed together, with strong evidence of lower GPA in comparison with the general population. Individuals with CP were affected the most, followed by individuals with CLP; least affected were individuals with CL. Conclusion This study clearly indicates that adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate in Sweden experience significant deficits in their educational achievements in compulsory school.
Facial Growth in Patients with Apert and Crouzon Syndromes Compared to Normal Children
Authors: Reitsma Jacobus H. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. , Buschang Peter H. , Prahl-Andersen Birte 
Published: January 2011

Objective To evaluate vertical and sagittal facial growth in children with Apert and Crouzon syndromes and compare it to the growth patterns of a nonsyndromic control group. Design Case-control study. Setting Department of Orthodontics, Children's Hospital Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Patients, Participants Sixty-two patients (37 patients with Crouzon syndrome and 25 patients with Apert syndrome) born between 1971 and 2001 (age range 3.9 to 32 years) and 482 nonsyndromic children as a control group. Interventions Lateral cephalograms performed prior to any midfacial surgery of 62 patients and 482 nonsyndromic children were traced and horizontal and vertical measurements were digitized. Main Outcome Measures Cephalometric measurements of SNA, SNB, ANB, NSMe, and SN/palatal plane angles and lower facial height ratio. Results Horizontal measurements for the syndromic groups showed no change in SNA angle during growth. SNA angles were lower in patients with Apert syndrome compared to patients with Crouzon syndrome. The syndromic groups showed smaller values for ANB angles compared to the nonsyndromic group. Vertical measurements showed increased lower facial height ratios for the syndromic groups compared to control subjects. There was an increasing counterclockwise rotation of the palatal plane in relation to the anterior cranial base in syndromic patients. NSMe angles among the three groups were not significantly different. Conclusions Based on the growth differences identified, the sagittal and vertical jaw relationships differ in patients with Crouzon syndrome, patients with Apert syndrome, and control subjects. Syndromic patients show aggravation of midfacial underdevelopment and anterior rotation of the mandible.
Association Between a Name Change from Palliative to Supportive Care and the Timing of Patient Referrals at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Dalal Shalini , Palla Shana , Hui David , Nguyen Linh , Chacko Ray , Li Zhijun , Fadul Nada , Scott Cheryl , Thornton Veatra , Coldman Brenda , Amin Yazan , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: January 2011

Abstract

Purpose.
Palliative care consultation services are now available in the majority of cancer centers, yet most referrals to palliative care occur late. We previously found that the term “palliative care” was perceived by oncology professionals as a barrier to early patient referral. We aimed to determine whether a service name change to supportive care was associated with earlier referrals.

Patients and Methods.
Records of 4,701 consecutive patients with a first palliative care consultation before (January 2006 to August 2007) and after (January 2008 to August 2009) the name change were analyzed, including demographics and dates of first registration to hospital, advanced cancer diagnosis, palliative care consultation, and death. One-sample proportions tests, median tests, χ2 tests, and log-rank tests were used to identify group differences.

Results.
The median age was 59 years, 50% were male, and 90% had solid tumors. After the name change, we found: (a) a 41% greater number of palliative care consultations (1,950 versus 2,751 patients; p &lt; .001), mainly as a result of a rise in inpatient referrals (733 versus 1,451 patients; p &lt; .001), and (b) in the outpatient setting, a shorter duration from hospital registration to palliative care consultation (median, 9.2 months versus 13.2 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; p &lt; .001) and from advanced cancer diagnosis to palliative care consultation (5.2 months versus 6.9 months; HR, 0.82; p &lt; .001), and a longer overall survival duration from palliative care consultation (median 6.2 months versus 4.7 months; HR, 1.21; p &lt; .001).

Conclusion.
The name change to supportive care was associated with more inpatient referrals and earlier referrals in the outpatient setting. The outpatient setting facilitates earlier access to supportive/palliative care and should be established in more centers.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) 2 Overexpression Ameliorates Glomerular Injury in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comparison with ACE Inhibition
Authors: Liu Chun Xi , Hu Qin , Wang Yan , Zhang Wei , Ma Zhi Yong , Feng Jin Bo , Wang Rong , Wang Xu Ping , Dong Bo , Gao Fei , Zhang Ming Xiang , Zhang Yun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe reduced expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 in the kidneys of animal models and patients with diabetes suggests ACE2 involvement in diabetic nephrology. To explore the renoprotective effects of ACE2 overexpression, ACE inhibition (ACEI) or both on diabetic nephropathy and the potential mechanisms involved, 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group that received an injection of sodium citrate buffer and a diabetic model group that received an injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. Eight wks after streptozotocin injection, the diabetic rats were divided into no treatment group, adenoviral (Ad)-ACE2 group, Ad-green flurescent protein (GFP) group, ACEI group receiving benazepril and Ad-ACE2 + ACEI group. Four wks after treatment, physical, biochemical, and renal functional and morphological parameters were measured. An experiment in cultured glomerular mesangial cells was performed to examine the effects of ACE2 on cellular proliferation, oxidative stress and collagen IV synthesis. In comparison with the Ad-GFP group, the Ad-ACE2 group exhibited reduced systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin excretion, creatinine clearance, glomeruli sclerosis index and renal malondialdehyde level; downregulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and collagen IV protein expression; and increased renal superoxide dismutase activity. Ad-ACE2 and ACEI had similar effects, whereas combined use of Ad-ACE2 and ACEI offered no additional benefits. ACE2transfection attenuated angiotensin (Ang) II-induced glomerular mesangial cell proliferation, oxidative stress and collagen IV protein synthesis. In conclusion, ACE2 exerts a renoprotective effect similar to that of ACEI treatment. Decreased renal Ang II, increased renal Ang-(1–7) levels, and inhibited oxidative stress were the possible mechanisms involved.
Von Neumann, Gödel and Complexity Theory
Authors: Urquhart Alasdair 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAround 1989, a striking letter written in March 1956 from Kurt Gödel to John von Neumann came to light. It poses some problems about the complexity of algorithms; in particular, it asks a question that can be seen as the first formulation of theP= ?NPquestion. This paper discusses some of the background to this letter, including von Neumann's own ideas on complexity theory. Von Neumann had already raised explicit questions about the complexity of Tarski's decision procedure for elementary algebra and geometry in a letter of 1949 to J. C. C. McKinsey. The paper concludes with a discussion of why theoretical computer science did not emerge as a separate discipline until the 1960s.
On the jump classes of noncuppable enumeration degrees
Authors: Harris Charles M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe prove that for every Σ20 enumeration degree b there exists a noncuppable Σ20 degree a > 0e such that and . This allows us to deduce, from results on the high/low jump hierarchy in the local Turing degrees and the jump preserving properties of the standard embedding , that there exist Σ20 noncuppable enumeration degrees at every possible—i.e., above low1—level of the high/low jump hierarchy in the context of .
A theorem on partial conservativity in arithmetic
Authors: Lindström Per 
Published: January 2011

AbstractImproving on a result of Arana, we construct an effective family (φr ∣ r ϵ ℚ ∩ [0,1]) of Σn-conservative Πn sentences, increasing in strength as r decreases, with the property that ¬φp is Πn-conservative over PA + φq whenever p < q. We also construct a family of Σn sentences with properties as above except that the roles of Σn and Πn are reversed. The latter result allows to re-obtain an unpublished result of Solovay, the presence of a subset order-isomorphic to the reals in every non-trivial end-segment of every branch of the E-tree, and to generalize it to analogues of the E-tree at higher levels of the arithmetical hierarchy.
Minimally invasive extracavitary approach for thoracic discectomy and interbody fusion: 1-year clinical and radiographic outcomes in 13 patients compared with a cohort of traditional anterior transthoracic approaches
Authors: Khoo Larry T. , Smith Zachary A. , Asgarzadie Farbod , Barlas Yorgios , Armin Sean S. , Tashjian Vartan , Zarate Baron 
Published: January 2011

Object
Open transthoracic approaches, considered the standard in treating thoracic disc herniation (TDH), are associated with significant comorbidities. The authors describe a minimally invasive lateral extracavitary tubular approach for discectomy and fusion (MIECTDF) to treat TDH.

Methods
In 13 patients (5 men, 8 women; mean age 51.8 years) with myelopathy and 15 noncalcified TDHs, the authors achieved a far-lateral trajectory by dilating percutaneously to a 20-mm working portal docked at the transverse process–facet junction, which then provided a corridor for a near-total discectomy, bilateral laminotomies, and interbody arthrodesis requiring minimal cord retraction. A cohort of 11 demographically comparable patients treated via transthoracic approaches was used as control.

Results
Preoperative Frankel grades were B in 1 patient, C in 4, D in 5, and E in 3, whereas at mean of 10 months, 11 had Grade E function and 2 had Grade D function. Mean surgical metrics were operating room time 93.75 minutes, blood loss 33 ml, and hospital stay 3.1 days. Complications included 4 transient paresthesias, 1 CSF leak, 1 abdominal wall weakness, and 3 nonwound infections. One-year follow-up MR imaging revealed full decompression in all cases and no cage migration. Mean visual analog scales scores preoperative, at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year were 5.6, 4.5, 3.2, and 1.2, respectively. No differences existed in preoperative clinical and radiographic profile of the study and control groups. Compared with controls, the MIECTDF group achieved superior scores in all metrics (p < 0.01) except for equivalent 1-year neurological outcomes.

Conclusions
Compared with transthoracic procedures, MIECTDF effectively decompressed the spinal canal, yielding identical 1-year radiographic and clinical outcomes to those seen in controls, while producing superior clinical scores in the interim. Thus, MIECTDF is the authors' treatment of choice for TDH.
Nearlattices Whose Sets of Principal <i>n</i>-ideals Form Relatively Normal Nearlattices
Authors: Raihan M. S. , Noor A. S. A. 
Published: January 2011

We generalize several results of relatively normal nearlattices in terms of n-ideals. We introduce the notion of relative n-annihilators in a nearlattice and include some interesting results on this. Several characterizations of the set of principal n-ideals P­n(S) are given which forms a relatively normal nearlattice in terms of relative n-annihilators. It is shown that P­n(S) is relatively normal if and only if for any two incomparable prime n-ideals P and Q, P Ú Q=L.Keywords: Relatively normal nearlattice; Relative n-annihilator; Incomparable prime n-ideals. © 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.3955 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 35-42 (2011)
Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorpropamide in Bulk and Dosage Form by Complexation with Chloranilic Acid
Authors: Mbah C. J. , Okorie N. H. 
Published: January 2011

A spectrophotometric study of chlorpropamide is described. The method is based on the charge-transfer complexation between chlorpropamide (the n-electron donor) with chloranilic acid (the p-acceptor) to form a violet coloured complex having absorption maxima at 530 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed for up to 5-25 mg/ml of chlorpropamide. Results of the analysis of this method were validated statistically by recovery studies. The proposed method is simple, accurate and precise for the quantitative determination of chlorpropamide in bulk and tablet formulations.Keywords: Chlorpropamide; Spectrophotometry; Chloranilic acid.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.4808 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 207-212 (2011)
A New Method to Remove Noise in Magnetic Resonance and Ultrasound Images
Authors: Yousuf M. A. , Nobi M. N. 
Published: January 2011

In medical image processing, medical images are corrupted by different type of noises. It is very important to obtain precise images to facilitate accurate observations for the given application. Removing of noise from medical images is now a very challenging issue in the field of medical image processing. Most well known noise reduction methods, which are usually based on the local statistics of a medical image, are not efficient for medical image noise reduction. This paper presents an efficient and simple method for noise reduction from medical images. In the proposed method median filter is modified by adding more features. Experimental results are also compared with the other three image filtering algorithms. The quality of the output images is measured by the statistical quantity measures: peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and root mean square error (RMSE). Experimental results of magnetic resonance (MR) image and ultrasound image demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is comparable to popular image smoothing algorithms.Key words: Magnetic resonance image; Ultrasound image; PSNR; SNR; RMSE.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.5544 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 81-89 (2011)
Development of a Small Downdraft Biomass Gasifier for Developing Countries
Authors: Chawdhury M. A. , Mahkamov K. 
Published: January 2011

Biomass gasification has been receiving increasing attention as a potential renewable energy source for the last few decades. This attempt involved designing, developing and testing a small downdraft biomass gasifier JRB-1 (6-7 kW) at Durham University, UK. The gasifier was built of stainless steel pipes, sheets and other fittings and tested for wood chips and pellets. The composition, moisture content and consumption of biomass feedstock (3.1 kg/hr for wood chips, 2.9 kg/hr for pellets), temperature inside the reaction zone (950-1150 oC), primary air flow rate (0.0015 m3/s) and exit temperature of the producer gas (180-220 oC) was measured. The main constituents of syngas included nitrogen (50-56%), carbon monoxide (19-22%), hydrogen (12-19%), carbon dioxide (10-12%) and a small amount of methane (1-2%). These results were used in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software to obtain the lower calorific value of syngas (4424-5007 kJ/m3) and cold gas efficiency (62.5-69.4%) of the gasifier, which were found close to the calculated values. Again the thermal efficiency was calculated as 90.1-92.4%. Being comparatively easy to build, downdraft gasifiers like JRB-1 are likely to be the most appropriate technology for developing countries as a source of decentralized power supply and for development in agricultural sector. Keywords: Biomass gasification; Syngas; Emission; Renewable energy.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.5613 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 51-64 (2011)
Physico-chemical Characterization, Classification and Quality Evaluation of Date Palm Fruits of some Moroccan Cultivars
Authors: Hasanaoui A. , Elhoumaizi M. A. , Hakkou A. , Wathelet B. , Sindic M. 
Published: January 2011

Fourteen native date cultivars from different oases and regions of Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria were examined for their approximate composition, water activity, and CIELAB parameters. Sugars were the predominant component in all studied date cultivars (~ 54.14 - 75.56 g/100g dry matter), followed by moisture content (~7.2 - 31.9%), along with small amount of protein (~1.9 - 3.3g/100g dry matter), fat (~ 0.1 - 0.44g/100g dry matter), and ash (~1.88 - 3.45g/100 g dry matter). Dates with early maturity had the highest water activity (0.78 - 0.87) in contrast to late maturing dates cultivars. In the Deglet Nour (Tunisia) and Aziza bouzid (Morocco) cultivars, sucrose is dominant, whereas, the majority of other cultivars were rich in fructose and glucose in comparable proportions. No significant changes were observed in the approximate composition of samples of different geographical origins. All cultivars show significant differences in color. The date with late maturity (from Assiane, Aziza bouzid and Boufeggous gharas locations of Morocco) were characterized by higher L*, a*, b* than the other date cultivars. Chemical composition of dates seems to be a good tool for fruit physiological and technological ability studies.Keywords: Date fruit; Reducing sugars; Moisture content; Maturity.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6062 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 139-149 (2011)
Production of Oyster Mushrooms in Different Seasonal Conditions of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin M. N. , Yesmin S. , Khan M. A. , Tania M. , Moonmoon M. , Ahmed S. 
Published: January 2011

Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) are widely cultivated all over the world. Its production is remarkably affected by the environmental conditions like temperature and relative humidity. In this study, we investigated the production of four species of oyster mushroom: Pleurotus ostreatus, P. florida, P. sajor-caju and P. high king cultivated in every season (January to December) in Bangladesh. The temperature (in 0C) and relative humidity (% RH) of culture house in each month, and parameters of mushroom production were recorded. In all of the selected species of this study, the minimum days required for primordial initiation, and the maximum number of fruiting bodies, biological yield and biological efficiency were found in December to February (14-27 0C, 70-80% RH). The production was found minimum during the cultivated time August to October. We suggest cultivation of selected Pleurotus spp in winter (temperature zone 14-27 0C with relative humidity 70-80%) for better production and biological efficiency.Keywords: Pleurotus mushroom; Different seasonal conditions; Growth and yield; Biological efficiency.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6130 J. Sci. Res. 3 (1), 161-167 (2011)
« Veinte poemas de amor y una canción desesperada »
Authors: Araya Guillermo 
Published: January 2011

Partiendo de un enfoque intrínseco pero con apoyo en documentos biográficos, se intenta un análisis y una interpretación de este libro de Ne- xuda tomando como base tres factores principales : el amador, la naturaleza y la amada. Estos centros de interés se estudian estilísticamente. La pasión amorosa adolescente los une en una atmósfera lírica unitaria.
Hay el estudio detenido de algunos poemas (el 20 y el 2 especialmente) y el esbozo de una explicación sociológico-literaria del extraordinario ^xito de público de este poemario : 2.000.000 de ejemplares (controlados) impresos hasta 1972.