bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PV1 down‐regulation via shRNA inhibits the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts
Authors: Deharvengt Sophie J. , Tse Dan , Sideleva Olga , McGarry Caitlin , Gunn Jason R. , Longnecker Daniel S. , Carriere Catherine , Stan Radu V. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPV1 is an endothelial‐specific protein with structural roles in the formation of diaphragms in endothelial cells of normal vessels. PV1 is also highly expressed on endothelial cells of many solid tumours. On the basis of in vitro data, PV1 is thought to actively participate in angiogenesis. To test whether or not PV1 has a function in tumour angiogenesis and in tumour growth in vivo, we have treated pancreatic tumour‐bearing mice by single‐dose intratumoural delivery of lentiviruses encoding for two different shRNAs targeting murine PV1. We find that PV1 down‐regulation by shRNAs inhibits the growth of established tumours derived from two different human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (AsPC‐1 and BxPC‐3). The effect observed is because of down‐regulation of PV1 in the tumour endothelial cells of host origin, PV1 being specifically expressed in tumour vascular endothelial cells and not in cancer or other stromal cells. There are no differences in vascular density of tumours treated or not with PV1 shRNA, and gain and loss of function of PV1 in endothelial cells does not modify either their proliferation or migration, suggesting that tumour angiogenesis is not impaired. Together, our data argue that down‐regulation of PV1 in tumour endothelial cells results in the inhibition of tumour growth via a mechanism different from inhibiting angiogenesis.
Hormonal contraception and venous thromboembolism
Authors: LIDEGAARD ØJVIND , MILSOM IAN , GEIRSSON REYNIR TOMAS , SKJELDESTAD FINN EGIL 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground. New studies about the influence of hormonal contraception on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been published. Aim. To evaluate new epidemiological data and to propose clinical consequences. Design. A literature survey. Methods. Studies assessing the risk of specific types of hormonal contraception were evaluated, compared and set into a clinical perspective. Results. The majority of newer studies have demonstrated a threefold increased risk of VTE in current users of medium‐ and low‐dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs) with norethisterone, levonorgestrel (LNG) or norgestimate compared with non‐users. The same studies have demonstrated a sixfold increased risk of VTE in users of combined pills with desogestrel, gestodene, drospirenone or cyproteroneacetate, and in users of the contraceptive vaginal ring, compared with non‐users. The rate ratio of VTE between users of COCs with newer progestogens compared with users of COCs with LNG was 1.5–2.8 in seven studies and 1.0 in two studies. Progestogen‐only contraception did not confer an increased risk of VTE in any study. The incidence rate of VTE in non‐pregnant women aged 15–49 years using non‐hormonal contraception is three per 10 000 years. Conclusions. For women starting on hormonal contraception, we recommend medium‐ or low‐dose combined pills with norethisterone, LNG or norgestimate as first‐choice preparations. For the many women who are users of COCs with newer progestogens, although the absolute risk of VTE is low, a change to combined pills with norethisterone, LNG or norgestimate may halve their risk of VTE. Finally, we recommend COCs with 20 μg estrogen combined with the older progestogens to be launched in the Scandinavian countries. Women at an increased risk of VTE should consider progestogen‐only contraception or non‐hormonal contraception.
ADDING GRAPE SEED EXTRACT TO WINE AFFECTS ASTRINGENCY AND OTHER SENSORY ATTRIBUTES
Authors: CLIFF MARGARET A. , STANICH KAREEN , EDWARDS JENNIFER E. , SAUCIER CEDRIC T. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis research note explored the sensory and analytical effects of adding grape seed extract (GSE; 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g/L) to a commercial red wine. Total phenol, color intensity and hue analyses were conducted. Sensory profiling, using 12 trained judges, evaluated the intensity of astringency, fruity and woody/earthy aromas, and red color of the wines. Special care was taken to avoid perceptual biases among the sensory attributes, by conducting the astringent, aromatic and color determinations independently of one another. Analyses of variance were used to evaluate the sensory effects, while regression analyses were used to relate the mean sensory attributes to the GSE concentrations. Positive linear regressions were observed between GSE and astringency (R2 = 0.841), woody/earthy aroma (R2 = 0.933) and color (R2 = 0.925), while a negative linear regression was observed for fruity aroma (R2 = 0.911). The presence of GSE significantly enhanced the woody/earthy aroma and suppressed the fruity aroma.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis research note demonstrated that GSE not only influenced the mouthfeel of a wine, but also the color and aroma. Because the perceived sensory attributes (astringency, color, fruity and woody/earthy) are highly correlated [|0.801| ≤ R ≤ |0.982|] and dependent on the type of wine and GSE, winemakers are advised to conduct in‐house trials prior to tannin adjustments in the cellar. As demonstrated in this research note, the sensory changes can be successfully modeled using linear regression to allow winemakers to predict the change in aroma, color and astringent attributes, associated with the addition of GSE.
Are Physical Education‐Related State Policies and Schools' Physical Education Requirement Related to Children's Physical Activity and Obesity?
Authors: Kim Jinsook 
Published: May 2012

BACKGROUND: This study examines whether the extent of states' physical education (PE) requirement policies and the prevalence of schools requiring PE are associated with children's physical activity (PA) and obesity.METHODS: Two cycles (2002–2003 and 2006–2007) of cross‐sectional data with individual‐ and state‐level information were analyzed. Information on states' PE requirement was from the 2003 and 2006 Physical Education‐Related State Policy Classification System, and the prevalence of schools requiring PE was from the 2002 and 2006 School Health Profiles. The individual‐level sample includes 11‐ to 17‐year‐old children from the 2003 (N = 25,251) and 2007 (N = 23,728) National Survey of Children's Health. The associations of states' PE requirement and schools' PE requirement with children's PA and obesity were examined, controlling for individual, family, and state covariates. Variation in the associations by individual and family characteristics was also tested.RESULTS: States' PE requirement was not associated with any outcome. In cycle 1, overall, a 10% increase in the percentage of schools requiring PE was associated with a 28% increase in the number of days having vigorous PA per week. In cycle 2, the association was not significant. However, significant variation in the association by gender in cycle 2 suggests an influence of schools' PE requirement on girls' PA only. No association was found between schools' PE requirement and obesity.CONCLUSIONS: Gaps exist between state PE‐related policies and implementation in schools. However, schools' PE requirement seems to improve children's PA with some gender variation. The association between schools' PE requirement and children's weight is less clear.
Educational Campaign on Stroke in an Urban Population in Northern Germany: Influence on Public Stroke Awareness and Knowledge
Authors: Worthmann Hans , Schwartz Andreas , Heidenreich Fedor , Sindern Eckhart , Lorenz Reinhard , Adams Hans-Anton , Flemming Andreas , Luettje Klaus , Walter Ulla , Haertle Birgit , Dengler Reinhard 
Published: May 2012

Background Public stroke awareness and knowledge may be supportive for stroke prevention and emergency care-seeking behavior after the acute event, which is highly important for early treatment onset. Aims In an urban population in Northern Germany (Hannover), a six-month stroke educational campaign was conducted. We expected an increase in stroke knowledge and awareness thereafter. Methods Computer-assisted telephone interviews were randomly conducted among 1004 representative participants before and 1010 immediately after the educational multimedia campaign. The computer-assisted telephone interviews focused on questions about stroke knowledge and interventions remembered. Results Knowledge of stroke risk factors increased during the campaign for overweight, physical inactivity, old age, and stroke in family ( P < 0·05). The knowledge of stroke warning signs was low, although it significantly increased during the campaign ( P < 0·001) as paresis/weakness (46%) and speech problems (31%) were most frequently named. The majority of respondents indicated that the first action after suffering from stroke should be calling emergency care (74% before vs. 84% after campaign, P < 0·001). Conclusions Our data indicate that stroke knowledge and awareness, which could provide earlier presentation to the emergency unit for timely treatment onset, are still low in urban Northern Germany but may decisively be increased by educational campaigns.
Stressful Life Events as Triggers of Ischemic Stroke: A Case-Crossover Study
Authors: Guiraud Vincent , Touzé Emmanuel , Rouillon Frédéric , Godefroy Olivier , Mas Jean-Louis 
Published: May 2012

Background Acute stressors, such as stressful life events, might trigger ischemic stroke. Aims Our objective was to investigate the association between life events exposure and ischemic stroke onset. Methods Consecutive patients were interviewed about life events exposure (e.g. bereavement) using the Interview for Recent Life Events. Using a case-crossover approach, life events exposure within one month of stroke onset (hazard period) was compared with exposure during five control periods of one month preceding the hazard period. Similarly, life events exposure within one week of stroke onset was compared with exposure during three control periods of one week. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Results Two hundred forty-seven patients were interviewed within a median time of five days (interquartile range 3–7). Life events belonging to bereavement, health, and other categories accounted for half of life events. Over the six-month period, 187 patients were exposed to ≥1 life events. Patients were exposed to ≥1 life events more often during the first month preceding stroke onset than during the five control periods (odds ratio = 2·96; 95% confidence interval, 2·19–4·00). Over the four-week period, 97 patients were exposed to ≥1 life events. Patients were exposed to ≥1 life events more often during the first week preceding stroke onset than during the three control periods (odds ratio = 2·10; 1·40–3·17). Conclusions Recent life events exposure is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke.
Population-Based Study of Acute- and Long-Term Care Costs after Stroke in Patients with AF
Authors: Luengo-Fernandez Ramon , Yiin Gabriel S.C. , Gray Alastair M. , Rothwell Peter M. 
Published: May 2012

Background New treatments for atrial fibrillation patients have been shown to be effective at reducing subsequent vascular event recurrence. However, there are few data on stroke costs in atrial fibrillation patients to allow the cost-effectiveness of these treatments to be assessed. Aims Using data from a population-based study, we assessed the acute and long-term costs of stroke in atrial fibrillation patients. Methods Health-care costs one-year before and five-years after stroke were obtained from a large population-based study (Oxford Vascular study). Costs were assessed for the three-months poststroke (acute period) and annually thereafter (postacute period). Annual postacute costs were compared with annual baseline costs. Based on patients' living arrangements, costs of institutionalization after the event were included. Results A total of 191 strokes occurred in 153 patients with known prior atrial fibrillation. Mean health-care costs after stroke were £10 413 (standard deviation 15 105) in the acute phase, with annual postacute health-care costs nonsignificantly smaller than those incurred before the event (£2400 vs. £3356, respectively; P = 0·198). However, for the 136 strokes surviving past the 90-day acute period, costs were nonsignificantly higher than those incurred in the year before the event (£3370 vs. £2566, respectively; P = 0·333). After stroke, 25 (13%) patients were newly admitted into long-term warden, nursing, or residential care, resulting in annual costs of £6880 (standard deviation 15 600) averaged across the 136 stroke cases surviving past the acute period. Conclusions Although annual post acute phase hospital and primary health-care costs in stroke patients with prior atrial fibrillation were not significantly different to those incurred before the stroke, long-term nursing/residential care costs were substantial.
A Review of Source Control of Urban Stormwater Runoff1
Authors: pratt C. j. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractStormwater management, based upon techniques located at or close to where rain falls, is reviewed and two categories (at the ground surface and below‐ground) are illustrated. The management of stormwater by these source control techniques requires both quantity and quality design criteria to be employed, and for maintenance provision to be clearly in‐built. Source control techniques have been studied in projects since the 1980s, and it is suggested that the present emphasis upon sustainable development should encourage their incorporation within environmental/catchment management strategies to assist in addressing a number of identified problems from the uncontrolled discharges of stormwater.
Translating Research into Operational Practice1
Authors: tebbutt T. h. y. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe paper reviews the role of research and development in an industrial context. It stresses the importance of a business‐led approach to the formulation of research and development strategies, and highlights the need for end‐user involvement at all stages of a project. Operational and market needs must be primary driving forces for a research and development project, and their inputs are vital for the successful implementation of the end product.Options for undertaking research and development and managing its implementation are discussed, with the emphasis on obtaining ‘value for money’ from investment in the subject. Illustrations of the successful translation of research and development into practice are given in examples drawn from the water industry.
A Case History of Odour Control Using Chemical Scrubbers1
Authors: drust J. , deacon R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA combination of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 and the water companies being more in the public eye since privatization seems to have heightened public awareness and sensitivities to unpleasant odours emanating from sewage‐treatment works. The incorporation of odour‐control measures is therefore increasingly becoming a condition of planning consent.The selection of the correct odour‐control system for each application is of paramount importance, and the two principal criteria are that (i) it should be effective in its performance, and (ii) it should be cost effective to install and operate.This paper does not explore the advantages and disadvantages of the various types of odour‐control system, but concentrates on the case study of one particular application where these criteria have been met by using multi‐stage chemical scrubbing. The source and nature of the odours, containment, ventilation, treatment and performance are described, concluding in an assessment of ‘cost of ownership’.
Nestin Expression Identifies Ependymoma Patients with Poor Outcome
Authors: Milde Till , Hielscher Thomas , Witt Hendrik , Kool Marcel , Mack Stephen C. , Deubzer Hedwig E. , Oehme Ina , Lodrini Marco , Benner Axel , Taylor Michael D. , von Deimling Andreas , Kulozik Andreas E. , Pfister Stefan M. , Witt Olaf , Korshunov Andrey 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEpendymomas are primary brain tumors found throughout the central nervous system (CNS) in children and adults. Currently, many treatment protocols stratify grade I and II ependymomas as low‐risk tumors, whereas grade III anaplastic ependymomas are considered high‐risk tumors. The prognostic significance of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II or III, however, remains debated, and it is furthermore increasingly recognized that the pathologic differentiation between grades II and III is arbitrary in daily practice, thus resulting in imprecise risk stratification. Therefore, prognostic markers enabling more precise stratification to guide treatment decisions are urgently needed. An analysis of n = 379 tumor samples revealed that protein expression of nestin, a marker for neural stem and progenitor cells established as a routine staining in most neuropathology centers, is associated with poor outcome in intracranial ependymomas. Most importantly, nestin‐positive grade II ependymomas have the same prognosis as grade III ependymomas. Multivariable analysis demonstrates that nestin positivity is an independent marker for poor progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Gene expression analysis for transcriptionally co‐regulated genes revealed a strong association of developmental and epigenetic processes with nestin. In summary, our data implicate nestin as a useful novel marker for intracranial ependymoma risk stratification easily implementable in routine diagnostics.
Parental Meta‐Emotion Philosophy: A Review of Research and Theoretical Framework
Authors: Katz Lynn Fainsilber , Maliken Ashley C. , Stettler Nicole M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe concept of parental meta‐emotion philosophy (PMEP)—the idea that parents have an organized set of beliefs, thoughts, and feelings about their own and their children's emotions—was introduced in 1996. Since then, empirical studies have examined the validity of the PMEP construct in relation to children's psychosocial adjustment and parent and child characteristics. This article reviews the current state of knowledge regarding PMEP, summarizing what the field has learned, and identifying critical directions for future research.
Group person‐based cognitive therapy for chronic depression: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Strauss Clara , Hayward Mark , Chadwick Paul 
Published: May 2012

Objective.  This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) assesses Person‐Based Cognitive Therapy (PBCT), an integration of cognitive therapy and mindfulness, as a treatment for chronic depression.Method.  Twenty‐eight participants with chronic depression were randomly allocated to treatment as usual (TAU) or PBCT group plus TAU. Assessments of depression (Beck Depression Inventory, BDI‐II) and mindfulness (Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire) were conducted before and after therapy.Results.  Intention‐to‐treat analysis found significant group by time interactions for both depression and mindfulness. Secondary analyses showed depression and mindfulness scores significantly improved for PBCT participants but not for TAU participants, with 64% of PBCT participants showing reliable improvement in depression, compared with 0% of TAU participants.Conclusions.  PBCT is a promising treatment for chronic depression. Findings suggest a full RCT would be warranted.
Extracellular matrix proteoglycan plays a pivotal role in sensitization by low pH of mechanosensitive currents in nociceptive sensory neurones
Authors: Kubo Asako , Katanosaka Kimiaki , Mizumura Kazue 
Published: May 2012

Key points
Tissue acidosis is caused in many pathological and physiological conditions (e.g. ischaemia, inflammation and exercise) and induces pain and mechanical hyperalgesia.
An augmented mechanical response of thin‐fibre afferents by low pH has been reported, but the sensitizing mechanism has not been determined.
In this study we examined whether mechanically activated (MA) currents recorded from the soma of cultured sensory neurones were augmented by low pH application.
We showed that low pH mainly sensitized MA currents of IB4‐positive neurones expressing an extracellular matrix proteoglycan, versican, and this sensitization was attenuated by manipulating the extracellular matrix proteoglycan, but not by blocking intracellular signalling pathways.
These results show us a novel sensitizing mechanism involving extracellular matrix proteoglycans, which is different from currently popular sensitizing mechanisms involving intracellular signalling pathways.
Abstract  Ischaemia, inflammation, and exercise lead to tissue acidosis, which induces pain and mechanical hyperalgesia. Corresponding to this, enhanced thin‐fibre afferent responses to mechanical stimulation have been recorded in vitro at low pH. However, knowledge about how this sensitization by low pH occurs is lacking. In this study, we found that all three types (rapidly adapting (RA), intermediately adapting and slowly adapting) of mechanically activated currents recorded with the whole cell patch‐clamp method were sensitized by low pH in rat cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones. This sensitization was mainly observed in neurones positively labelled with isolectin B4 (IB4), which binds to versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Inhibitors of acid‐sensitive channels (amiloride and capsazepine) did not block sensitization by low pH except in RA neurones, and extracellular calcium was not involved even in the sensitization of this type of neurone. A broad spectrum kinase inhibitor and a phospholipase C inhibitor (staurosporine and U73122) failed to block pH‐induced sensitization in IB4‐positive neurones, suggesting that these intracellular signalling pathways are not involved. Notably, both excess chondroitin sulfate in the extracellular solution and pretreatment of the neurone culture with chondroitinase ABC attenuated this low pH‐induced sensitization in IB4‐positive neurones. These findings suggest that a change in interaction between mechanosensitive channels and/or their auxiliary molecules and the side chain of versican on the cell surface causes this sensitization, at least in IB4‐positive neurones. This report proposes a novel mechanism for sensitization that involves extracellular proteoglycans (versican).