bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A universal medically assisted model for anatomical landmark detection in radioactive images
Authors: Pang Hong , Liao Shenghui , Liu Shu , Kui Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnatomical landmark detection is a critical task in medical image analysis with significant research and practical value. The analysis of landmarks in radiological images is beneficial for its diagnosis and treatment. Currently, most methods are applied to datasets from specific anatomical regions, with only a few deep neural network models designed for mixed datasets. Meanwhile, the precise and fast localization of landmarks remains a significant challenge due to interdependencies among landmarks and the demanding accuracy requirements in medical clinical applications. In this work, we leverage the advantages of attention mechanisms for focusing on specific information, and propose a universal landmark detection model trained on mixed‐domain radioactive image datasets. The model consists of three main components: the local network, the global network, and the attention feature extraction module. The local network employs a U‐Net architecture with depthwise separable convolutions to extract local image features. Notably, we introduce partial depthwise separable convolutions as an option for further lightweight models. The global network comprises a sequence of dilated convolutions with varying dilation rates, expanding the receptive field to extract global features. The attention feature extraction module efficiently utilizes intermediate outputs to refine the precise location information of landmarks. Additionally, we introduce the regional attention loss function to provide the model with landmark offset information. We conduct experiments on three publicly available x‐ray image datasets covering head, hand, and chest regions. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed universal model achieves fast convergence and excellent performance across multiple datasets.
Research on the application of English short essay reading emotional analysis in online English teaching under IoT scenario
Authors: Zhan Xiaoli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpeech‐emotion analysis plays an important role in English teaching. The existing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can fully explore the spatial features of speech information, and cannot effectively utilize the temporal dependence of speech signals. In addition, it is difficult to build a more efficient and robust sentiment analysis system by solely utilizing speech information. With the development of the Internet of Things (IoTs), online multimodal information, including speech, video, and text, has become more convenient. To this end, this paper proposes a novel multimodal fusion emotion analysis system. Firstly, by combining convolutional networks with Transformer encoders, the spatiotemporal dependencies of speech information are effectively utilized. To improve multimodal information fusion, we introduce the exchange‐based fusion mechanism. The experimental results on the public dataset indicate that the proposed multimodal fusion model achieves the best performance. In online English teaching, teachers can effectively improve the quality of teaching by leveraging the feedback information of students' emotional states through our proposed deep model.
Examining trauma, anxiety, and depression as predictors of dropout from residential treatment for substance use disorders
Authors: Medenblik Alyssa M. , Garner Alisa R. , Basting Evan J. , Sullivan Jacqueline A. , Jensen Mary C. , Shorey Ryan C. , Stuart Gregory L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSubstance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent and have deleterious effects on one's health and well‐being. Inpatient treatment for SUDs reduces patient relapse, which subsequently ameliorates these negative effects on the individual and society. Additionally, those who complete treatment are less likely to relapse compared to those who do not complete treatment. Thus, maintaining patient engagement in treatment and reducing the rates of those leaving against medical advice (AMA) is particularly important. Examining the factors and comorbidities that may contribute to treatment dropout has the potential to identify at‐risk patients in need of additional individualized intervention. The current study aimed to examine comorbid anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as predictors of dropout AMA in a residential substance use treatment population. Results showed that patients with social anxiety were more likely to leave treatment AMA, while those with PTSD were more likely to complete treatment. Findings suggest that PTSD‐specific treatment, as offered in this facility, may help with patient retention, while group focused therapy may be distressing to those with social anxiety. Clinical implications of this research may include incorporating evidence‐based practice for social anxiety early during inpatient treatment to reduce anxiety such that patients may better engage with SUDs treatment.
Aqueous two‐phase systems as a novel alternative in the primary recovery of human mesenchymal cells obtained from adipose tissue
Authors: Freire‐Flores Danton , Llanovarced‐Kawles Nyna , Andrews Barbara , Asenjo Juan A 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, therapies based on regenerative medicine have gained wide interest owing to their potential in organ transplantation and in the treatment of multiple diseases. These cell‐based therapies rely mainly on the therapeutic potential of stem cells as a result of their self‐renewal, differentiation, capacities and immunosuppressive properties. Adipose tissue contains a large number of mesenchymal stem cells compared to other tissues and is easily accessible through noninvasive techniques; hence the primary recovery of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) has become a critical step. Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) have shown promise as a separation technique for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as a result of their scalability, cost‐effectiveness and compatibility. In this study, we investigated the partitioning behavior of the stromal vascular fraction cells, including ASC, in different ATPS compositions [polyethylene glycol, dextran (DEX), Ficoll and Ucon). Among the three ATPS tested, most of the ASC consistently migrates to the top phase as indicated by immunostaining studies for CD73, CD90 and CD105 stem cell markers. Nevertheless, the Ficoll–DEX system retrieves the greatest quantity of ASC recovered in the top phase (89% of total ASC), whereas the Ucon–DEX system effectively eliminates the most contaminating cells (38%). Our findings provide insights into the conditions under which ASC and contaminant cells concentrate in opposite phases in different ATPS, which can contribute to the development of efficient and scalable separation systems for MSC in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Tree independence number I. (Even hole, diamond, pyramid)‐free graphs
Authors: Abrishami Tara , Alecu Bogdan , Chudnovsky Maria , Hajebi Sepehr , Spirkl Sophie , Vušković Kristina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe tree‐independence number , first defined and studied by Dallard, Milanič, and Štorgel, is a variant of treewidth tailored to solving the maximum independent set problem. Over a series of papers, Abrishami et al. developed the so‐called central bag method to study induced obstructions to bounded treewidth. Among others, they showed that, in a certain superclass of (even hole, diamond, pyramid)‐free graphs, treewidth is bounded by a function of the clique number. In this paper, we relax the bounded clique number assumption, and show that has bounded . Via existing results, this yields a polynomial‐time algorithm for the Maximum Weight Independent Set problem in this class. Our result also corroborates, for this class of graphs, a conjecture of Dallard, Milanič, and Štorgel that in a hereditary graph class, is bounded if and only if the treewidth is bounded by a function of the clique number.
Interferon‐γ+ Th1 activates intrahepatic resident memory T cells to promote HBsAg loss by inducing M1 macrophage polarization
Authors: Wu Lili , Deng Hong , Feng Xiao , Xie Dongying , Li Zhihui , Chen Junfeng , Mo Zhishuo , Zhao Qiyi , Hu Zhaoxia , Yi Shuhong , Meng Shibo , Wang Jialei , Li Xiaoyan , Lin Bingliang , Gao Zhiliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe immune mechanism underlying hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss, particularly type I inflammatory response, during pegylated interferon‐α (PEG‐IFN) therapy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate such immune mechanisms. Overall, 82 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), including 41 with HBsAg loss (cured group) and 41 uncured patients, received nucleos(t)ide analogue and PEG‐IFN treatments. Blood samples from all patients, liver tissues from 14 patients with CHB, and hepatic perfusate from 8 liver donors were collected for immune analysis. Jurkat, THP‐1 and HepG2.2.15 cell lines were used in cell experiments. The proportion of IFN‐γ+ Th1 cells was higher in the cured group than in the uncured group, which was linearly correlated with HBsAg decline and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels during treatment. However, CD8+ T cells were weakly associated with HBsAg loss. Serum and intrahepatic levels of Th1 cell‐associated chemokines (C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand [CXCL] 9, CXCL10, CXCL11, IFN‐γ) were significantly lower in the cured patients than in patients with a higher HBsAg quantification during therapy. Serum from cured patients induced more M1 (CD68+CD86+ macrophage) cells than that from uncured patients. Patients with chronic HBV infection had significantly lower proportions of CD86+ M1 and CD206+ M2 macrophages in their livers than healthy controls. M1 polarization of intrahepatic Kupffer cells promoted HBsAg loss by upregulating the effector function of tissue‐resident memory T cells with increased ALT levels. IFN‐γ+ Th1 activates intrahepatic resident memory T cells to promote HBsAg loss by inducing M1 macrophage polarization.
Dual T cell receptor/chimeric antigen receptor engineered NK‐92 cells targeting the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein and the tumor‐associated antigen L1CAM exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity and specificity against tumor cells
Authors: Quiros‐Fernandez Isaac , Libório‐Ramos Sofia , Leifert Lena , Schönfelder Bruno , Vlodavsky Israel , Cid‐Arregui Angel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) causes a large fraction of genital and oropharyngeal carcinomas. To maintain the transformed state, the tumor cells must continuously synthesize the E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins, which makes them tumor‐specific antigens. Indeed, specific T cell responses against them have been well documented and CD8+ T cells engineered to express T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize epitopes of E6 or E7 have been tested in clinical studies with promising results, yet with limited clinical success. Using CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors, we have identified two novel TCRs reactive to an unexplored E618‐26 epitope. These TCRs showed limited standalone cytotoxicity against E618‐26‐HLA‐A*02:01‐presenting tumor cells. However, a single‐signaling domain chimeric antigen receptor (ssdCAR) targeting L1CAM, a cell adhesion protein frequently overexpressed in HPV16‐induced cancer, prompted a synergistic effect that significantly enhanced the cytotoxic capacity of NK‐92/CD3/CD8 cells armored with both TCR and ssdCAR when both receptors simultaneously engaged their respective targets, as shown by live microscopy of 2‐D and 3‐D co‐cultures. Thus, virus‐specific TCRs from the CD8+ T cell repertoire of healthy donors can be combined with a suitable ssdCAR to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of the effector cells and, indirectly, their specificity.
Ethylene induced AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 take part in ethylene synthesis through mediating AcACO1 during kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) ripening
Authors: Fu Changchun , Han Chao , Yu Zuolong , Liu Dan , Wei Yunxiao , Han Yanchao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEthylene plays a vital role in the ripening process of kiwifruit. A terrific amount of transcription factors (TFs) have been shown to regulate ethylene synthesis in various fruits.RESULTSIn this research, two new NAC TFs, named AcNAC3 and AcNAC4, were isolated from kiwifruit, which belonged to NAM subfamily. Bioinformatics analysis showed that both AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 were hydrophilic proteins with similar three‐dimensional structures. The expression levels of AcNAC3, AcNAC4 and AcACO1 increased during kiwifruit ripening, as well as were induced by ethylene and repressed by 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP). Correlation analysis exhibited that ethylene production was positively correlated with the expression levels of AcNAC3, AcNAC4 and AcACO1. Moreover, both AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 acted as transcriptional activators and could bind to and activate AcACO1 promoter.CONCLUSIONAll results unveiled that the ethylene‐induced AcNAC3 and AcNAC4 were transcriptional activators, and might participate in kiwifruit ripening and ethylene biosynthesis through activating AcACO1, providing a new insight of ethylene synthetic regulation during kiwifruit ripening. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Can axial loading restore in vivo disc geometry, opening pressure, and T2 relaxation time?
Authors: Newman Harrah R. , Moore Axel C. , Meadows Kyle D. , Hilliard Rachel L. , Boyes Madeline S. , Vresilovic Edward J. , Schaer Thomas P. , Elliott Dawn M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCadaveric intervertebral discs are often studied for a variety of research questions, and outcomes are interpreted in the in vivo context. Unfortunately, the cadaveric disc does not inherently represent the LIVE condition, such that the disc structure (geometry), composition (T2 relaxation time), and mechanical function (opening pressure, OP) measured in the cadaver do not necessarily represent the in vivo disc.MethodsWe conducted serial evaluations in the Yucatan minipig of disc geometry, T2 relaxation time, and OP to quantify the changes that occur with progressive dissection and used axial loading to restore the in vivo condition.ResultsWe found no difference in any parameter from LIVE to TORSO; thus, within 2 h of sacrifice, the TORSO disc can represent the LIVE condition. With serial dissection and sample preparation the disc height increased (SEGMENT height 18% higher than TORSO), OP decreased (POTTED was 67% lower than TORSO), and T2 time was unchanged. With axial loading, an imposed stress of 0.20–0.33 MPa returned the disc to in vivo, LIVE disc geometry and OP, although T2 time was decreased. There was a linear correlation between applied stress and OP, and this was conserved across multiple studies and species.ConclusionTo restore the LIVE disc state in human studies or other animal models, we recommend measuring the OP/stress relationship and using this relationship to select the applied stress necessary to recover the in vivo condition.
Modular Microgel‐Based Bioassembly Scaffold Induced Chondrogenic and Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Yan Ruyu , Yang Hai , Liu Ying , Zhong Xiupeng , Liu Sa , Xie Renjian , Ren Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBioactive scaffolds capable of simultaneously repairing osteochondral defects remain a big challenge due to the heterogeneity of bone and cartilage. Currently modular microgel‐based bioassembly scaffolds are emerged as potential solution to this challenge. Here, microgels based on methacrylic anhydride (MA) and dopamine modified gelatin (GelMA‐DA) are loaded with chondroitin sulfate (CS) (the obtained microgel named GC Ms) or bioactive glass (BG) (the obtained microgel named GB Ms), respectively. GC Ms and GB Ms show good biocompatibility with BMSCs, which suggested by the adhesion and proliferation of BMSCs on their surfaces. Specially, GC Ms promote chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, while GB Ms promote osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the injectable GC Ms and GB Ms are assembled integrally by bottom‐up in situ cross‐linking to obtain modular microgel‐based bioassembly scaffold (GC‐GB/HM), which show a distinct bilayer structure and good porous properties and swelling properties. Particularly, the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments show that GC‐GB/HM can simultaneously regulate the expression levels of chondrogenic‐ and osteogenesis‐related genes and proteins. Therefore, modular microgel‐based assembly scaffold in this work with the ability to promote bidirectional differentiation of BMSCs and has great potential for application in the minimally invasive treatment of osteochondral tissue defects.
Polypeptide‐ and Protein‐Based Conjugate Nanoparticles via Aqueous Ring‐Opening Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly (ROPISA)
Authors: Beauseroy Hannah , Grazon Chloe , Antoine Segolene , Badreldin Mostafa , Salas‐Ambrosio Pedro , Harrisson Simon , Garanger Elisabeth , Lecommandoux Sebastien , Bonduelle Colin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProtein–polymer conjugates and polymeric nanomaterials hold great promise in many applications including biomaterials, medicine, or nanoelectronics. In this work, the first polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) approach performed in aqueous medium enabling protein–polymer conjugates and nanoparticles entirely composed of amino acids is presented by using ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). It is indeed shown that aqueous ring‐opening polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (ROPISA) can be used with protein or peptidic macroinitiators without prior chemical modification and afford the simple preparation of nanomaterials with protein‐like property, for example, to implement biomimetic thermoresponsivity in drug delivery.
Deep learning‐based postprocessing for hourly temperature forecasting
Authors: Zhou Li , Chen He , Xu Lin , Cai Rong‐Hui , Chen Dong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, a prediction model based on spatiotemporal stacked ResNet (Res‐STS) for hourly temperature prediction is designed. On the timescale, the Res‐STS removes the gate structure of the long short‐term memory (LSTM) model, and the data of multiple consecutive time nodes are stacked together to preserve all temporal characteristics of the data. A point‐to‐point data mapping relationship is developed on the spatial scale to maximize the impact of large‐scale environmental background field characteristics on a single grid point. Based on the historical gridded data from the China Meteorological Administration land data assimilation system (CLDAS) and the optimal factor dataset of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Integrated Forecasting System (ECMWF‐IFS) from 2017 to 2020, hourly temperature prediction models based on convolutional long short‐term memory (ConvLSTM) and Res‐STS model are developed, respectively. Furthermore, the prediction results of the two models in 2021 are compared with the ECMWF‐IFS. The results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the prediction results by ConvLSTM and Res‐STS models are both smaller than that of ECMWF‐IFS. Specially, the Res‐STS model performs best: it reduces the RMSE by 20.8% (24.5%) compared with the ConvLSTM (ECMWF‐IFS). Specifically, the RMSE peaks in the afternoon when the daily maximum temperature occurs, while it is relatively smaller at night. Res‐STS demonstrates a significant improvement in forecast performance compared with ECMWF‐IFS, while ConvLSTM's correction during the period of maximum temperature occurrence has been enhanced. Moreover, the forecast performance of the Res‐STS model is least affected by terrain compared with those of the ConvLSTM and ECMWF‐IFS. For the regions with terrain height greater than 1 km, the model Res‐STS evidently improves the RMSE.
The Relationship between Diet, Gut Mycobiome, and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Evidence, Doubts, and Prospects
Authors: Liu Tianxu , Asif Ismail Muhammad , Chen Yan , Zhang Meixue , Li Bin , Wang Ling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGut fungi are important parts of intestinal microbes. Dietary ingredients have the potential to regulate the structure of gut fungi in different directions and modulate mycobiome composition by changing dietary patterns, which have been applied to neurological disorders. Emerging pieces of evidence have revealed the regulatory functions of gut mycobiome in gastrointestinal diseases, but the relationships between gut fungi and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are ignored in the past. This review discusses the impact of dietary nutrients and patterns on mycobiome, and the possible ways in which gut fungi are involved in the pathogenesis of FGIDs. Besides affecting host immunity, intestinal fungi can be involved in the pathogenesis of FGIDs by endosymbiosis or bidirectional regulation with gut bacteria as well. In addition, the Mediterranean diet may be the most appropriate dietary pattern for subjects with FGIDs. A full understanding of these associations may have important implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of FGIDs.
Use of tunicate meal (pleated sea squirt Styela plicata) protein as a partial replacement of menhaden fish meal protein in the diet of juvenile Black Sea Bass
Authors: Delmaine Avery D. , Watanabe Wade O. , Carroll Patrick M. , Alam Md Shah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The pleated sea squirt Styela plicata (subphylum Tunicata), an invasive marine invertebrate in coastal waters of southeastern North Carolina, was investigated as an alternative protein source to fish meal (FM) in the diet of juvenile Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata.

Methods
Six different isoproteic and isolipidic diets were formulated to replace 0.0, 8.3, 16.7, 25.0, 33.3, and 41.6% of FM protein with tunicate meal (TM) protein by supplementing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% TM in the diets. The experimental system consisted of eighteen 75-L tanks supported by a recirculating seawater system in an indoor, climate-controlled laboratory. Juveniles (average weight = 7.1 g) were stocked at a density of 15 fish/tank (N = 3 tanks/treatment) and were fed the test diets daily to apparent satiation for 55 days.

Result
Replacement of FM protein with TM protein caused slight declines in dietary amino acid concentrations (notably arginine, methionine, and tryptophan) at higher replacement levels. At terminal sampling, no significant differences in survival (87–96%), percent body weight gain (157–228%), feed conversion ratio (1.50–1.71), or proximate composition were observed among dietary treatment groups. However, significant positive linear trends were found between incremental levels of TM and final fish weight, body weight gain, and specific growth rate. Whole-body fatty acid composition reflected dietary levels.

Conclusion
Results indicate that TM protein can be used to replace at least 41.6% of the FM protein in the diet for juvenile Black Sea Bass without adverse effects on survival, growth, feed utilization, or whole-body proximate composition.