bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La dimension culturelle du développement territorial
Authors: Kahn René 
Published: January 2011

La prise en compte des aspects culturels du développement correspond à une évolution de la réalité économique mais aussi à une évolution épistémologique en économie spatiale et régionale. Après avoir identifié les différentes acceptions de la notion de territoire dans la littérature, nous privilégions celle qui le définit comme une construction d’acteurs partageant une même culture du développement. La dimension culturelle qui est désormais partie prenante de toute politique de développement n’est cependant pas totalement intégrable dans le cadre de l’analyse économique standard. La poursuite du dialogue économie - culture reste par conséquent souhaitable.
L'évolution du débat sur les SYAL : le regard d'un économiste
Authors: Requier-Desjardins Denis 
Published: January 2011

Cet article fait un bilan de l’approche économique de la notion de système agroalimentaire localisé (SYAL) apparu depuis environ une dizaine d’années. Il cherche notamment à la positionner par rapport à la notion de Système Productif Local : s’agit-il d’une simple déclinaison sectorielle du concept de SPL ou identifie-t-elle des dimensions spécifiques de l’ancrage territorial. La thèse défendue est que, si les deux notions entretiennent une parenté évidente, l’analyse des SYAL fait apparaître une relation spécifique au territoire, à travers les processus de qualification des produits agroalimentaires notamment et la relation au développement durable.
La territorialisation : proposition pour la compréhension du phénomène par une entrée systémique
Authors: Wœssner Raymond 
Published: January 2011

La mondialisation conduit à une recomposition rapide et profonde des territoires. Choisis dans le contexte du Rhin supérieur, trois exemples concrets viennent tester la pertinence de la notion de territorialisation : Mulhouse en tant que modèle industriel historique, le réseau technologique et scientifique BioValley et le Pôle de Compétitivité Véhicule du Futur. Sur cette base, est proposé un cheminement type qui définit les manières et les étapes de la territorialisation de manière générale. Il cherche à préciser les contours d’un certain nombre de notions, comme la bifurcation ou l’émergence.
L'imbrication spatiale dans l'analyse des territoires : formalisation, modélisation, simulation
Authors: Voiron-Canicio Christine , Dutozia Jérôme , Basse Reine-Maria , Dubus Nathalie , Maignant Gilles , Saint-Amand Pascale , Sevenet Marie 
Published: January 2011

Cet article situe l’imbrication spatiale dans le cadre du fonctionnement systémique du territoire. L’articulation des systèmes territoriaux imbriqués est analysée dans l’optique de la durabilité et d’une meilleure anticipation des dynamiques territoriales. Au cours de ces dynamiques, les possibilités de changement d’état des systèmes territoriaux résultent d’interactions et d’imbrications à la fois spatiales, réticulaires et scalaires qui peuvent opérer, aussi bien dans des temporalités longues que courtes. L’intérêt d’une démarche croisant analyse spatiale et simulation sera développé à partir de deux applications : la première porte sur l’imbrication des vulnérabilités territoriales dans un système de risques générés par le réseau électrique ; la seconde appréhende les futurs possibles de l’espace transfrontalier franco-italo-monégasque dont la partie française devrait être desservie en 2020 par une ligne ferroviaire à grande vitesse.
Ville durable, ville mutable : quelle convergence en France et en Suisse ?
Authors: Andres Lauren , Bochet Béatrice 
Published: January 2011

Cet article confronte la notion de mutabilité à celle de durabilité au travers de l’analyse des transformations des territoires urbains en France et en Suisse. Il analyse les positionnements antagonistes, convergents, ou synonymes, inhérents aux interactions entre ces deux champs de l’action publique. L’intérêt du propos réside dans la confrontation, peu fréquente, des deux termes. En effet, la durabilité constitue un des référentiels incontournables de l’action publique depuis quinze ans, alors que la notion de mutabilité désigne l’ensemble des processus de requalification des territoires en déshérence en d’autres termes, en friches. La mutabilité semble être associée à des processus dits de durabilité au travers du principe de reconstruction de la ville sur la ville ; toutefois, trois études de cas montrent que la mutabilité n’est pas toujours « synonyme » de durabilité.
Enhanced and Sustained CD8+ T Cell Responses with an Adenoviral Vector-Based Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine Encoding NS3 Linked to the MHC Class II Chaperone Protein Invariant Chain
Authors: Mikkelsen Marianne , Holst Peter Johannes , Bukh Jens , Thomsen Allan Randrup , Christensen Jan Pravsgaard 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Potent and broad cellular immune responses against the nonstructural (NS) proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with spontaneous viral clearance. In this study, we have improved the immunogenicity of an adenovirus (Ad)-based HCV vaccine by fusing NS3 from HCV (Strain J4; Genotype 1b) to the MHC class II chaperone protein invariant chain (Ii). We found that, after a single vaccination of C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice with Ad-IiNS3, the HCV NS3-specific CD8+ T cell responses were significantly enhanced, accelerated, and prolonged compared with the vaccine encoding NS3 alone. The AdIiNS3 vaccination induced polyfunctional CD8+ T cells characterized by coproduction of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2, and this cell phenotype is associated with good viral control. The memory CD8+ T cells also expressed high levels of CD27 and CD127, which are markers of long-term survival and maintenance of T cell memory. Functionally, the AdIiNS3-vaccinated mice had a significantly increased cytotoxic capacity compared with the AdNS3 group. The AdIiNS3-induced CD8+ T cells protected mice from infection with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HCV NS3 of heterologous 1b strains, and studies in knockout mice demonstrated that this protection was mediated primarily through IFN-γ production. On the basis of these promising results, we suggest that this vaccination technology should be evaluated further in the chimpanzee HCV challenge model.
Recognition of Cytoplasmic RNA Results in Cathepsin-Dependent Inflammasome Activation and Apoptosis in Human Macrophages
Authors: Rintahaka Johanna , Lietzén Niina , Öhman Tiina , Nyman Tuula A. , Matikainen Sampsa 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
dsRNA is an important pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is primarily recognized by cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors of the innate-immune system during virus infection. This recognition results in the activation of inflammasome-associated caspase-1 and apoptosis of infected cells. In this study, we used high-throughput proteomics to identify secretome, the global pattern of secreted proteins, in human primary macrophages that had been activated through the cytoplasmic dsRNA-recognition pathway. The secretome analysis revealed cytoplasmic dsRNA-recognition pathway-induced secretion of several exosome-associated proteins, as well as basal and dsRNA-activated secretion of lysosomal protease cathepsins and cysteine protease inhibitors (cystatins). Inflammasome activation was almost completely abolished by cathepsin inhibitors in response to dsRNA stimulation, as well as encephalomyocarditis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus infections. Interestingly, Western blot analysis showed that the mature form of cathepsin D, but not cathepsin B, was secreted simultaneously with IL-18 and inflammasome components ASC and caspase-1 in cytoplasmic dsRNA-stimulated cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated silencing experiments confirmed that cathepsin D has a role in inflammasome activation. Caspase-1 activation was followed by proteolytic processing of caspase-3, indicating that inflammasome activation precedes apoptosis in macrophages that had recognized cytoplasmic RNA. Like inflammasome activation, apoptosis triggered by dsRNA stimulation and virus infection was effectively blocked by cathepsin inhibition. In conclusion, our results emphasize the importance of cathepsins in the innate immune response to virus infection.
Marginal Zone B Cells Regulate Antigen Capture by Marginal Zone Macrophages
Authors: You Yuying , Myers Riley C. , Freeberg Larry , Foote Jeremy , Kearney John F. , Justement Louis B. , Carter Robert H. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The marginal zone (MZ) of the mouse spleen contains macrophages that express receptors that trap pathogens, including the scavenger receptor macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure and the C-type lectin specific intracellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin receptor 1 (SIGN-R1). We previously reported that expression of SIGN-R1 was decreased in CD19-deficient mice. In this study, we demonstrate that SIGN-R1 is expressed on a subset of macrophage receptor with a collagenous structure (MARCO)+ macrophages. This subset is diminished when MZ B cells are absent due to either genetic developmental defects or following transient migration of B cells out of the MZ. When B cells return to the MZ, there is a delay in recovery of SIGN-R1–expressing macrophages. During this period, capture of Ficoll, which for the macrophages requires SIGN-R1, remains defective not only by the macrophages, but also by the B cells. Thus, MZ B cells regulate expression of molecules on macrophages that are important for trapping Ag, which, in turn, is required for Ag capture by the B cells.
Class IA Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase β and δ Regulate Neutrophil Oxidase Activation in Response toAspergillus fumigatusHyphae
Authors: Boyle Keith B. , Gyori David , Sindrilaru Anca , Scharffetter-Kochanek Karin , Taylor Philip R. , Mócsai Attila , Stephens Len R. , Hawkins Phillip T. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn effective immune response to the ubiquitous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is dependent upon production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase. This is evidenced by the acute sensitivity of oxidase-deficient humans and mice to invasive aspergillosis. Neutrophils are recruited to the lungs shortly postinfection and respond by phagocytosing conidia and mediating extracellular killing of germinated hyphae in a ROS-dependent manner. However, the signaling mechanisms regulating the generation of ROS in response to hyphae are poorly understood. PI3Ks are important regulators of numerous cellular processes, with much recent work describing unique roles for the different class I PI3K isoforms. We showed by live-cell imaging that the lipid products of class I PI3Ks accumulated at the hyphal-bound neutrophil plasma membrane. Further, we used pharmacological and genetic approaches to demonstrate essential, but overlapping, roles for PI3Kβ and PI3Kδ in the ROS and spreading responses of murine neutrophils to Aspergillus hyphae. Hyphal-induced ROS responses were substantially inhibited by deletion of the common β2-integrin subunit CD18, with only a minor, redundant role for Dectin-1. However, addition of soluble algal glucans plus the genetic deletion of CD18 were required to significantly inhibit activation of the PI3K-effector protein kinase B. Hyphal ROS responses were also totally dependent on the presence of Syk, but not its ITAM-containing adaptor proteins FcRγ or DAP12, and the Vav family of Rac-guanine nucleotide exchange factors. These results start to define the signaling network controlling neutrophil ROS responses to A. fumigatus hyphae.
Rhesus Macaque Inhibitory and Activating KIR3D Interact with Mamu-A–Encoded Ligands
Authors: Rosner Cornelia , Kruse Philip H. , Hermes Meike , Otto Nicole , Walter Lutz 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Specific interactions between killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) and MHC class I ligands have not been described in rhesus macaques despite their importance in biomedical research. Using KIR–Fc fusion proteins, we detected specific interactions for three inhibitory KIRs (3DLW03, 3DL05, 3DL11) and one activating KIR (3DS05). As ligands we identified Macaca mulatta MHC (Mamu)-A1– and Mamu-A3–encoded allotypes, among them Mamu-A1*001:01, which is well known for association with slow progression to AIDS in the rhesus macaque experimental SIV infection model. Interactions with Mamu-B or Mamu-I molecules were not found. KIR3DLW03 and KIR3DL05 differ in their binding sites to their shared ligand Mamu-A1*001:01, with 3DLW03 depending on presence of the α1 domain, whereas 3DL05 depends on both the α1 and α2 domains. Fine-mapping studies revealed that binding of KIR3DLW03 is influenced by presence of the complete Bw4 epitope (positions 77, 80–83), whereas that of KIR3DL05 is mainly influenced by amino acid position 77 of Bw4 and positions 80–83 of Bw6. Our findings allowed the successful prediction of a further ligand of KIR3DL05, Mamu-A1*002:01. These functional differences of rhesus macaque KIR3DL molecules are in line with the known genetic diversification of lineage II KIRs in macaques.
Differential Expression of NLRP3 among Hematopoietic Cells
Authors: Guarda Greta , Zenger Manuel , Yazdi Amir S. , Schroder Kate , Ferrero Isabel , Menu Philippe , Tardivel Aubry , Mattmann Chantal , Tschopp Jürg 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Although the importance of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in health and disease is well appreciated, a precise characterization of NLRP3 expression is yet undetermined. To this purpose, we generated a knock-in mouse in which the Nlrp3 coding sequence was substituted for the GFP (enhanced GFP [egfp]) gene. In this way, the expression of eGFP is driven by the endogenous regulatory elements of the Nlrp3 gene. In this study, we show that eGFP expression indeed mirrors that of NLRP3. Interestingly, splenic neutrophils, macrophages, and, in particular, monocytes and conventional dendritic cells showed robust eGFP fluorescence, whereas lymphoid subsets, eosinophils, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells showed negligible eGFP levels. NLRP3 expression was highly inducible in macrophages, both by MyD88- and Trif-dependent pathways. In vivo, when mice were challenged with diverse inflammatory stimuli, differences in both the number of eGFP-expressing cells and fluorescence intensity were observed in the draining lymph node. Thus, NLRP3 levels at the site of adaptive response initiation are controlled by recruitment of NLRP3-expressing cells and by NLRP3 induction.
A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in NF-κB Inducing Kinase Is Associated with Mortality in Septic Shock
Authors: Thair Simone A. , Walley Keith R. , Nakada Taka-aki , McConechy Melissa K. , Boyd John H. , Wellman Hugh , Russell James A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes of the NF-κB pathway are associated with altered clinical outcome of septic shock patients. We genotyped 59 SNPs in the NF-κB pathway in a discovery cohort of septic shock patients (St. Paul’s Hospital [SPH], N = 589), which identified the C allele of rs7222094 T/C within MAP3K14 (NF-κB inducing kinase; NIK) associated with increased 28-d mortality (uncorrected p = 0.00024, Bonferroni corrected p = 0.014). This result was replicated in a second cohort of septic shock patients (Vasopressin and Septic Shock Trial [VASST; N = 616]) in which the CC genotype of rs7222094 was associated with increased 28-d mortality (Cox regression: SPH cohort hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–1.64; p = 0.002 Caucasian only; and VASST cohort HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.00–1.52; p = 0.048 Caucasian only). Patients having the CC genotype of rs7222094 in SPH experienced more renal and hematological dysfunction (p = 0.003 and p = 0.011), while patients of the VASST cohort with the rs7222094 CC genotype showed the same trend toward more renal dysfunction. In lymphoblastoid cell lines, we found the rs7222094 genotype most strongly associated with mRNA expression of CXCL10, a chemokine regulated by NF-κB. Accordingly, we measured CXCL10 protein levels and found that the CC genotype of rs7222094 was associated with significantly lower levels than those of the TT genotype in lymphoblastoid cell lines (p &lt; 0.05) and in septic shock patients (p = 0.017). This suggests that the CC genotype of NIK rs7222094 is associated with increased mortality and organ dysfunction in septic shock patients, perhaps due to altered regulation of NF-κB pathway genes, including CXCL10.
Intrinsic IL-21 Signaling Is Critical for CD8 T Cell Survival and Memory Formation in Response to Vaccinia Viral Infection
Authors: Novy Patricia , Huang Xiaopei , Leonard Warren J. , Yang Yiping 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCD4 T cell help plays an important role in promoting CD8 T cell immunity to pathogens. In models of infection with vaccinia virus (VV) and Listeria monocytogenes, CD4 T cell help is critical for the survival of activated CD8 T cells during both the primary and memory recall responses. Still unclear, however, is how CD4 T cell help promotes CD8 T cell survival. In this study, we first showed that CD4 T cell help for the CD8 T cell response to VV infection was mediated by IL-21, a cytokine produced predominantly by activated CD4 T cells, and that direct action of IL-21 on CD8 T cells was critical for the VV-specific CD8 T cell response in vivo. We next demonstrated that this intrinsic IL-21 signaling was essential for the survival of activated CD8 T cells and the generation of long-lived memory cells. We further revealed that IL-21 promoted CD8 T cell survival in a mechanism dependent on activation of the STAT1 and STAT3 pathways and subsequent upregulation of the prosurvival molecules Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These results identify a critical role for intrinsic IL-21 signaling in CD8 T cell responses to an acute viral infection in vivo and may help design effective vaccine strategies.
Two Unique Human Decidual Macrophage Populations
Authors: Houser Brandy L. , Tilburgs Tamara , Hill Jonathan , Nicotra Matthew L. , Strominger Jack L. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Several important events occur at the maternal–fetal interface, including generation of maternal–fetal tolerance, remodeling of the uterine smooth muscle and its spiral arteries and glands, and placental construction. Fetal-derived extravillous trophoblasts come in direct contact with maternal decidual leukocytes. Macrophages represent ∼20% of the leukocytes at this interface. In this study, two distinct subsets of CD14+ decidual macrophages (dMɸs) are found to be present in first-trimester decidual tissue, CD11cHI and CD11cLO. Gene expression analysis by RNA microarray revealed that 379 probes were differentially expressed between these two populations. Analysis of the two subsets revealed several clusters of coregulated genes that suggest distinct functions for these subsets in tissue remodeling, growth, and development. CD11cHI dMɸs express genes associated with lipid metabolism and inflammation, whereas CD11cLO dMɸs express genes associated with extracellular matrix formation, muscle regulation, and tissue growth. The CD11cHI dMɸs also differ from CD11cLO dMɸs in their ability to process protein Ag and are likely to be the major APCs in the decidua. Moreover, these populations each secrete both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that may contribute to the balance that establishes fetal–maternal tolerance. Thus, they do not fit the conventional M1/M2 categorization.
A Novel Human IgA Monoclonal Antibody Protects against Tuberculosis
Authors: Balu Sucharitha , Reljic Rajko , Lewis Melanie J. , Pleass Richard J. , McIntosh Richard , van Kooten Cees , van Egmond Marjolein , Challacombe Stephen , Woof Jenny M. , Ivanyi Juraj 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Abs have been shown to be protective in passive immunotherapy of tuberculous infection using mouse experimental models. In this study, we report on the properties of a novel human IgA1, constructed using a single-chain variable fragment clone (2E9), selected from an Ab phage library. The purified Ab monomer revealed high binding affinities for the mycobacterial α-crystallin Ag and for the human FcαRI (CD89) IgA receptor. Intranasal inoculations with 2E9IgA1 and recombinant mouse IFN-γ significantly inhibited pulmonary H37Rv infection in mice transgenic for human CD89 but not in CD89-negative littermate controls, suggesting that binding to CD89 was necessary for the IgA-imparted passive protection. 2E9IgA1 added to human whole-blood or monocyte cultures inhibited luciferase-tagged H37Rv infection although not for all tested blood donors. Inhibition by 2E9IgA1 was synergistic with human rIFN-γ in cultures of purified human monocytes but not in whole-blood cultures. The demonstration of the mandatory role of FcαRI (CD89) for human IgA-mediated protection is important for understanding of the mechanisms involved and also for translation of this approach toward development of passive immunotherapy of tuberculosis.
NF-κB– and AP-1–Mediated DNA Looping Regulates Osteopontin Transcription in Endotoxin-Stimulated Murine Macrophages
Authors: Zhao Wei , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Meng , Wang Peng , Zhang Lei , Yuan Chao , Qi Jianni , Qiao Yu , Kuo Paul C. , Gao Chengjiang 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is expressed by various immune cells and modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms that control opn gene expression, especially at the chromatin level, remain largely unknown. We have previously demonstrated many specific cis- and trans-regulatory elements that determine the extent of endotoxin (LPS)-mediated induction of OPN synthesis in murine macrophages. In the present study, we confirm that NF-κB also plays an important role in the setting of LPS-stimulated OPN expression through binding to a distal regulatory element. Importantly, we demonstrate that LPS stimulates chromosomal loops in the OPN promoter between NF-κB binding site and AP-1 binding site using chromosome conformation capture technology. The crucial role of NF-κB and AP-1 in LPS-stimulated DNA looping was confirmed, as small interfering RNA knock-down of NF-κB p65 and AP-1 c-Jun exhibited decreased levels of DNA looping. Furthermore, we demonstrate that p300 can form a complex with NF-κB and AP-1 and is involved in DNA looping and LPS-induced OPN expression. Therefore, we have identified an essential mechanism to remodel the local chromatin structures and spatial conformations to regulate LPS-induced OPN expression.
Case report: Combined transarterial and direct approaches for embolization of a large mandibular arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Koshy Chiramel George , Keshava Shyamkumar N , Moses Vinu , Sen Sudipta 
Published: January 2011

AbstractArteriovenous malformations (AVMs) that involve the mandible are difficult lesions to treat, with traditional options being surgery and embolization. This article describes a large mandibular AVM that was treated with embolization using transarterial as well as direct puncture approaches. Follow-up imaging showed thrombosis of the vascular spaces of the malformation. There were no complications. The patient is doing well and is on follow-up.
Case report: Complex internal mammary to pulmonary artery fistula as a cause of hemoptysis in tuberculosis: Diagnosis and endovascular management using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx)
Authors: Pierce Gregory , Ahuja Chaitanya , Chadha Meghna 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA complex right internal mammary to right pulmonary artery fistula resulting in hemoptysis was successfully treated by embolization with a liquid, nonadhesive, embolic agent - ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx). There were no procedural complications and no recurrence of symptoms has been seen after 2 years of follow-up.