bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Arabidopsis Deubiquitinating Enzyme AMSH3 Interacts with ESCRT-III Subunits and Regulates Their Localization
Authors: Katsiarimpa Anthi , Anzenberger Franziska , Schlager Nicole , Neubert Susanne , Hauser Marie-Theres , Schwechheimer Claus , Isono Erika 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Ubiquitination and deubiquitination regulate various cellular processes. We have recently shown that the deubiquitinating enzyme Associated Molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM3 (AMSH3) is involved in vacuole biogenesis and intracellular trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, little is known about the identity of its interaction partners and deubiquitination substrates. Here, we provide evidence that AMSH3 interacts with ESCRT-III subunits VPS2.1 and VPS24.1. The interaction of ESCRT-III subunits with AMSH3 is mediated by the MIM1 domain and depends on the MIT domain of AMSH3. We further show that AMSH3, VPS2.1, and VPS24.1 localize to class E compartments when ESCRT-III disassembly is inhibited by coexpression of inactive Suppressor of K+ transport Defect 1 (SKD1), an AAA-ATPase involved in the disassembly of ESCRT-III. We also provide evidence that AMSH3 and SKD1 compete for binding to VPS2.1. Furthermore, we show that the loss of AMSH3 enzymatic activity leads to the formation of cellular compartments that contain AMSH3, VPS2.1, and VPS24.1. Taken together, our study presents evidence that AMSH3 interacts with classical core ESCRT-III components and thereby provides a molecular framework for the function of AMSH3 in plants.
Discontinuous gas exchange: new perspectives on evolutionary origins and ecological implications
Authors: Chown Steven L. 
Published: August 2011

Summary1. When at rest, many insects and some other arthropods exchange gasses discontinuously. Whether or not discontinuous gas exchange (DGE) is adaptive has long been controversial. Several competing evolutionary hypotheses exist, none of which enjoy unequivocal support. This Gordian knot seems now to have been cut.2. Discontinuous gas exchange appears to arise as a consequence of energy‐saving, metabolic downregulation. Moreover, many ecological circumstances, such as quiescence during daily inactivity and during seasonal resource shortages, are likely to have favoured such downregulation.3. Once the brain relinquishes control of gas exchange to the segmental ganglia, an interaction between peripheral CO2 sensing and central O2 sensing sets in, leading to the discontinuous pattern.4. The evolution of DGE may thus be readily explained, with the primary evolutionary hypothesis incorporating a non‐adaptive mechanistic component and an adaptive energy savings one.5. Paradoxically, though, DGE results in a comparatively high water loss for a given metabolic rate in insects compared with other organisms. Thus, the pattern itself may not have evolved to limit water loss under xeric conditions. Rather, variation in the components of the DGE cycle, which has formed the foundation for much debate concerning the ecological and evolutionary advantages of this gas exchange pattern, may have evolved to do so, accounting for associations between these components and environmental conditions.6. The relatively high respiratory water loss of insects may spell ecological trouble given increasing metabolic rates of ectotherms associated with rising global temperatures and global change–type drought in many regions.
Predicting phenology by integrating ecology, evolution and climate science
Authors: Pau Stephanie , Wolkovich Elizabeth M. , Cook Benjamin I. , Davies T. Jonathan , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Bolmgren Kjell , Betancourt Julio L. , Cleland Elsa E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractForecasting how species and ecosystems will respond to climate change has been a major aim of ecology in recent years. Much of this research has focused on phenology – the timing of life‐history events. Phenology has well‐demonstrated links to climate, from genetic to landscape scales; yet our ability to explain and predict variation in phenology across species, habitats and time remains poor. Here, we outline how merging approaches from ecology, climate science and evolutionary biology can advance research on phenological responses to climate variability. Using insight into seasonal and interannual climate variability combined with niche theory and community phylogenetics, we develop a predictive approach for species’ reponses to changing climate. Our approach predicts that species occupying higher latitudes or the early growing season should be most sensitive to climate and have the most phylogenetically conserved phenologies. We further predict that temperate species will respond to climate change by shifting in time, while tropical species will respond by shifting space, or by evolving. Although we focus here on plant phenology, our approach is broadly applicable to ecological research of plant responses to climate variability.
Can amphibians take the heat? Vulnerability to climate warming in subtropical and temperate larval amphibian communities
Authors: Duarte Helder , Tejedo Miguel , Katzenberger Marco , Marangoni Federico , Baldo Diego , Beltrán Juan Francisco , Martí Dardo Andrea , Richter‐Boix Alex , Gonzalez‐Voyer Alejandro 
Published: August 2011

AbstractPredicting the biodiversity impacts of global warming implies that we know where and with what magnitude these impacts will be encountered. Amphibians are currently the most threatened vertebrates, mainly due to habitat loss and to emerging infectious diseases. Global warming may further exacerbate their decline in the near future, although the impact might vary geographically. We predicted that subtropical amphibians should be relatively susceptible to warming‐induced extinctions because their upper critical thermal limits (CTmax) might be only slightly higher than maximum pond temperatures (Tmax). We tested this prediction by measuringCTmaxandTmaxfor 47 larval amphibian species from two thermally distinct subtropical communities (the warm community of the Gran Chaco and the cool community of Atlantic Forest, northern Argentina), as well as from one European temperate community. Upper thermal tolerances of tadpoles were positively correlated (controlling for phylogeny) with maximum pond temperatures, although the slope was steeper in subtropical than in temperate species.CTmaxvalues were lowest in temperate species and highest in the subtropical warm community, which paradoxically, had very low warming tolerance (CTmax–Tmax) and therefore may be prone to future local extinction from acute thermal stress if rising pondTmaxsoon exceeds theirCTmax. Canopy‐protected subtropical cool species have larger warming tolerance and thus should be less impacted by peak temperatures. Temperate species are relatively secure to warming impacts, except for late breeders with low thermal tolerance, which may be exposed to physiological thermal stress in the coming years.
The effects of interpersonal counselling on health‐related quality of life after myocardial infarction
Authors: Oranta Olli , Luutonen Sinikka , Salokangas Raimo KR , Vahlberg Tero , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: August 2011

Aim.  To evaluate the effects of interpersonal counselling on health‐related quality of life after myocardial infarction.Background.  Depression is a risk factor for poor health‐related quality of life after myocardial infarction. Interpersonal counselling seems to reduce depressive symptoms and distress after myocardial infarction.Methods.  Myocardial infarction patients (n = 103) were randomised into an intervention group (n = 51) with 1–6 (mean 4·6) interpersonal counselling‐sessions focusing on managing depressive symptoms and a control group (n = 52). Health‐related quality of life after myocardial infarction was measured with EuroQol‐5D (EQ‐5D) in hospital, at six and 18 months after discharge.Results.  No differences in the changes of health‐related quality of life were found between the groups during follow‐up. However, health‐related quality of life improved significantly in the intervention group. In the group of patients under 60 years, the effect of interpersonal counselling was significant in the intervention group compared with the control group.Conclusions.  Interpersonal counselling does not seem to improve health‐related quality of life better than standard care after myocardial infarction in general, but it does seem to be beneficial with younger myocardial infarction patients.Relevance to clinical practice.  There is a need to study the effects of interpersonal counselling further with younger myocardial infarction patients and to develop the intervention further, before using it systematically as part of nursing practice.
Exploring the psychological health related profile of nursing students in Singapore: a cluster analysis
Authors: Chan Moon Fai , Creedy Debra K , Chua Tse Lert , Lim Chi Ching 
Published: August 2011

Aim.  To determine whether definable profiles exist in a cohort of nursing student with regard to factors associated with nurses’ perceived emotional intelligence, social support and stress level.Background.  There is a need to have a basic understanding of a nursing student’s psychological health‐related life quality profile will have a direct effect on their study and contribution to nursing educators to develop an appropriate learning environment for nursing students.Design.  A descriptive survey.Methods.  Data were collected in January 2009 in one nursing school in Singapore. A sample of 112 full‐time baccalaureate nursing students from year 1–3 completed the stress in nursing students, social support rating scale and Trait meta‐mood scale.Results.  Cluster analysis revealed two profiles in four main factors: demographic, perceived emotional intelligence, social support and stress level.Conclusions.  Findings might help by providing important information for health care professionals to develop interventions that improve students’ psychological health during their university life.Relevance to clinical practice.  The findings will assist nursing educators or health care professionals by creating psychological health‐related life quality profiles that they can use to develop interventions to improve the health of nursing students.
Nurses’ perceptions of leadership style in hospitals: a grounded theory study
Authors: Su Shu‐Fen , Jenkins Mary , Liu Po‐Erh 
Published: August 2011

Aim.  This paper explores the leadership style of hospital managers.Background.  Leadership has been widely studied in nursing from the perspective of nurses’ psychological strain caused by nursing leadership. There is, however, little contained in the Western and Eastern literatures on the leadership style of hospital managers and certainly no study has explored managers’ leadership style in Taiwanese hospitals from the nurses’ stance.Design.  Grounded theory.Methods.  A sample of 28 nurses from seven teaching hospitals in Taiwan, Republic of China was selected through theoretical sampling. A multi‐step analytic procedure based on the grounded theory approach was used to analyse the qualitative data.Results.  The Chinese culture was found to affect the leadership style of Taiwanese hospital managers. They had extreme power and led nurses in a hierarchical manner. Nurse managers followed the autocratic leadership style of their hospital managers. The main category found in this study was thus hierarchical leadership.Conclusions.  The Confucian principles of authoritarianism and obedience were found to be part of the Taiwanese hospitals’ organisational cultures and strongly impacted on the managers’ leadership style. Hospital managers’ treatment of doctors and nurses was dependent on their social rankings. Nurses’ lowly ranking fed into these enculturated managerial tendencies of using power and obedience thus increasing psychological strain on nurses.Relevance to clinical practice.  Managers of the hospitals demonstrate power and misuse obedience through their leadership style, resulting in deterioration of nurses’ work environment. Nurses’ managers are not given enough power by the hospitals in Taiwan. Subsequently, nurses feel themselves the lowest and most powerless subordinates. This study reveals that the Chinese cultural burdens are embedded in the leadership of Taiwanese hospitals. These findings enhance the knowledge of leadership and add to the understanding of managerial attitudes in Chinese hospitals located worldwide.
Self‐epistemic authority and nurses' reactions to medical information that is retrieved from Internet sites of different credibility
Authors: Barnoy Sivia , Volfin‐Pruss Diana , Ehrenfeld Malka , Kushnir Talma 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study investigated nurses' reactions to Internet medical information that was retrieved from sources of different scientific credibility and the association between self‐epistemic authority and these reactions. The participants filled in questionnaires on their reactions to Internet medical information and self‐epistemic authority. The nurses' reactions to Internet medical information from a highly credible source (Medline) correlated positively with self‐epistemic authority. However, no such correlation was found with Internet medical information from a less credible Internet source (Ynet). Compared with the nurses without an academic degree, the nurses with an academic degree had more positive reactions to the information that was retrieved from Medline. The reactions to the medical information that was retrieved from Ynet did not differ by the education of the nurses. This study shows that nurses' reactions to different sources of Internet information vary according to their level of self‐epistemic authority and education. As patients' use of Internet medical information is increasing, nurses need to expand their expertise in the various professional and popular medical information sites. Such skills will help to reduce any negative feeling that might arise when they encounter patients who present medical information from the Internet.
Adolescent Substance Use Groups: Antecedent and Concurrent Personality Differences in a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Oliva Elizabeth M. , Keyes Margaret , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis study attempted to extend Shedler and Block's () influential study, which found that adolescent drug experimenters had the healthiest personality functioning compared to abstainers and frequent users. Using a prospective design, we examined the relationship between antecedent and concurrent personality and age‐18 substance use in a community sample of 1,298 twins (96% Caucasian, 49% male). Personality measures at ages 11 and 18 assessed positive emotionality (agentic and communal), negative emotionality, and constraint. Substance use groups—abstainers, experimenters, and problem users—were created at age 18. Age‐18 substance use groups differed in age‐11 and age‐18 constraint such that problem users were lower than experimenters, who were lower than abstainers. Age‐18 substance use groups did not differ in age‐18 positive emotionality. However, abstainers were significantly lower than experimenters in communal positive emotionality, whereas female abstainers scored higher in agentic positive emotionality than female experimenters, who scored higher than female problem users. Experimenters were significantly lower in negative emotionality than problem users. Our findings are inconsistent with the notion that experimenters had the healthiest personality functioning and instead suggest different strengths and weaknesses for each group. Future studies should examine agentic and communal positive emotionality separately.
The Hierarchical Structure of Childhood Personality in Five Countries: Continuity From Early Childhood to Early Adolescence
Authors: Tackett Jennifer L. , Slobodskaya Helena R. , Mar Raymond A. , Deal James , Halverson Charles F. , Baker Spencer R. , Pavlopoulos Vassilis , Besevegis Elias 
Published: August 2011

AbstractChildhood personality is a rapidly growing area of investigation within individual differences research. One understudied topic is the universality of the hierarchical structure of childhood personality. In the present investigation, parents rated the personality characteristics of 3,751 children from 5 countries and 4 age groups. The hierarchical structure of childhood personality was examined for 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐factor models across country (Canada, China, Greece, Russia, and the United States) and age group (3–5, 6–8, 9–11, and 12–14 years of age). Many similarities were noted across both country and age. The Five‐Factor Model was salient beginning in early childhood (ages 3–5). Deviations across groups and from adult findings are noted, including the prominent role of antagonism in childhood personality and the high covariation between Conscientiousness and intellect. Future directions, including the need for more explicit attempts to merge temperament and personality models, are discussed.
The Development of Ethics: A Historical and Critical Study
Authors: Irwin Terence 
Published: August 2011

Editor's IntroductionWhen Oxford University Press sent us the three enormous volumes of Irwin's The Development of Ethics, we had two thoughts: First, the book is very important and demands a review; second, since human sacrifice is abolished in North America, it will be very difficult to find a reviewer. We handed the volumes to several interested persons, who in the end returned the books saying the task was beyond them. Then, my wife, a lifetime worker at that center of communal thought, the United Nations, suggested that we form a team to review the book. We put an announcement out on the Web, asking for reviewers to do a chapter each, at 250 words a review. We got several hundred volunteers, and chose 82 to review the 96 chapters of Irwin (reviewers got the chapters in Portable Document Format [PDFs], kindly supplied by Oxford). We got 81 of 82 reviews, 75 before the deadline, six slightly later. For purposes of completeness, I filled in the sole missing review. Would that the students in my seminars were so punctual! I would like to thank Elyse Turr at Oxford University Press for the PDFs, and my 82 reviewers for their expertise and diligence. I am grateful to all the volunteers who showed an interest in this strange and perhaps unprecedented project, and who patiently endured the vetting process. Special thanks is due to Laura di Summa, who coordinated all the pieces of this incredible puzzle. Did we accomplish something, something new, by mobilizing 82 minds to review one book? I hope so, but I can now only say what they say on television: “America, it's up to you.”
Age‐related infertility: a tale of two technologies
Authors: Szewczuk Elizabeth 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe reproductive body has become the site of intensive medical intervention, yet, paradoxically, women have never been more at risk of suffering the distress of infertility. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with 22 infertile women, this article explores their reproductive experience from fertility postponement to assisted conception. All had used both modern contraception and in vitro fertilisation, yet none achieved the fertility they desired, when they desired it. All had structured their use of these technologies around the social practice of postponement. Modern contraception, however, while removing the sexual costs of postponement, did not resolve its reproductive dilemmas. Rather it appeared to collapse the experience of this traditionally difficult process, sustaining an illusion of reproductive control in which fertility decisions were ‘put on the back burner’, undiscussed and sometimes unimagined. For these women this delay then revealed the hidden cost of postponement – infertility – which, in turn, led to their pursuit of assisted conception after the age of 35, at precisely the point when its already limited efficacy begins to fail sharply. In these accounts age‐related infertility emerged as a tale of two technologies: two technologies linked to each woman, and each other, through the social practice of postponement.
The Effect of Employment while in High School on Educational Attainment: A Conditional Difference‐in‐Differences Approach*
Authors: Buscha Franz , Maurel Arnaud , Page Lionel , Speckesser Stefan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUsing American panel data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, this article investigates the effect of working during grade 12 on attainment. We employ, for the first time in the related literature, a semiparametric propensity score matching approach combined with difference‐in‐differences. We address selection on both observables and unobservables associated with part‐time work decisions, without the need for instrumental variable. Once such factors are controlled for, little to no effects on reading and math scores are found. Overall, our results therefore suggest a negligible academic cost from part‐time working by the end of high school.
Employment, Inequality and the UK National Minimum Wage over the Medium‐Term*
Authors: Dolton Peter , Bondibene Chiara Rosazza , Wadsworth Jonathan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractWe assess the impact of the national minimum wage (NMW) on employment and inequality in the UK over the decade since its introduction. We evaluate its effects in each year, using an incremental differences‐in‐differences (IDiD) estimator. Identification is based on variation in the bite of the NMW across local labour markets and the different sized year on year up‐ratings. We find that an increased bite of the NMW is associated with falls in lower tail wage inequality. While the average employment effect over the entire period is broadly neutral, there are small but significant positive NMW effects from 2003 onwards.
Estimating Nonlinear Models with Multiple Fixed Effects: A Computational Note*
Authors: Hospido Laura 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper we consider estimation of nonlinear panel data models that include multiple individual fixed effects. Estimation of these models is complicated both by the difficulty of estimating models with possibly thousands of coefficients and also by the incidental parameters problem; that is, noisy estimates of the fixed effects when the time dimension is short contaminate the estimates of the common parameters due to the nonlinearity of the problem. We propose a simple variation of existing bias‐corrected estimators, which can exploit the additivity of the effects for numerical optimization. We exhibit the performance of the estimators in simulations.