bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early matrix change of a nanostructured bone grafting substitute in the rat
Authors: Xu Weiguo , Holzhüter Gerd , Sorg Heiko , Wolter Daniel , Lenz Solvig , Gerber Thomas , Vollmar Brigitte 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA nanocrystalline bone substitute embedded in a highly porous silica gel matrix (NanoBone®) has previously been shown to bridge bone defects by an organic matrix. As the initial host response on the bone graft substitute might be a determinant for subsequent bone formation, our present purpose was to characterize the early tissue reaction on this biomaterial. After implantation of 80 mg of NanoBone into the adipose neck tissue of a total of 35 rats, grafts were harvested for subsequent analysis at days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 21. The biomaterial was found encapsulated by granulation tissue which partly penetrated the implant at day 3 and completely pervaded the graft at day 12 on implantation. Histology revealed tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive giant cells covering the biomaterial. ED1 (CD68) immunopositivity of these cells further indicated their osteoclast‐like phenotype. Scanning electron microscopy revealed organic tissue components within the periphery of the graft already at day 9, whereas the central hematoma region still presented the silica‐surface of the biomaterial. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy further demonstrated that the silica gel was degraded faster in the peripheral granulation tissue than in the central hematoma and was replaced by organic host components by day 12. In conclusion, the silica gel matrix is rapidly replaced by carbohydrate macromolecules. This might represent a key step in the process of graft degradation on its way toward induction of bone formation. The unique composition and structure of this nanoscaled biomaterial seem to support its degradation by host osteoclast‐like giant cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Characteristics of highly flexible PDMS membranes for long‐term mechanostimulation of biological tissue
Authors: Armbruster Caroline , Schneider Matthias , Schumann Stefan , Gamerdinger Katharina , Cuevas Maximiliano , Rausch Sophie , Baaken Gerhard , Guttmann Josef 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMeasurement of mechanical properties of soft biological tissue remains a challenging task in mechanobiology. Recently, we presented a bioreactor for simultaneous mechanostimulation and analysis of the mechanical properties of soft biological tissue samples. In this bioreactor, the sample is stretched via deflection of a flexible membrane. It was found that the use of highly compliant membranes increases accuracy of measurements. Here, we describe the production process and characteristics of thin and flexible membranes of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) designed to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio of our bioreactor. By a spin‐coating process, PDMS membranes were built by polymerization of a two component elastomer. The influence of resin components proportion, rotation duration, and speed of the spinning were related to the membrane mechanics. Membranes of 22 mm inner diameter and 33 to 36 μm thickness at homogeneous profiles were produced. Isolated rat diaphragms served as biological tissue samples. Mechanical properties of the membranes remained constant during 24 h of mechanostimulation. In contrast, time‐ and strain‐dependent mechanical properties of the diaphragms were found. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
A novel technique to reconstruct a boxlike bone defect in the mandible and support dental implants with In vivo tissue‐engineered bone
Authors: Yao Jinfeng , Li Xiaoyu , Bao Chongyun , Fan Hongsong , Zhang Xingdong , Chen Zhiqing 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using in vivo tissue‐engineered (TE) bone to repair boxlike mandibular defect and support dental implant, and then provide experimental evidence for the future application of the novel technique in the clinical setting. The TE bone graft was constructed in vivo by implanting osteoinductive calcium phosphate (Ca‐P) ceramics in the femoral muscles of dog for 8 weeks, then was transplanted to repair the autogeneic boxlike bone defect site created in one side of the mandible and simultaneously support a dental implant, while in the opposite side of the mandibular defect, the same ceramic was used directly as control. 8 weeks after transplantation, samples were harvested for analysis. The results demonstrated that the technique of in vivo tissue engineering improved the mechanical and biologic properties of ceramics significantly. After transplantation, the in vivo TE ceramic‐bone grafts were involved in bone metabolism of the host and fused well with the host bone. The dental implants were stable and had been integrated with both TE bone grafts and autologous bone. Therefore, it is feasible to construct a live bone graft with osteoinductive Ca‐P ceramics in vivo, then repair a mandibular bone defect, and support a dental implant. In conclusion, in vivo TE bone is a promising technique for bone repair. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Inflammatory suppression by endodontic sealers after aging 12 weeks In vitro
Authors: Brackett Martha Goël , Marshall Aksana , Lockwood Petra E. , Lewis Jill B. , Messer Regina L. W. , Bouillaguet Serge , Wataha John C. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDental endodontic sealers are in intimate contact with tissues around the root apex (periapical area) for extended periods. New endodontic sealers have been developed in the past decade, but the biological responses to many new products are not well documented. In this study, we assessed in vitro monocytic cytotoxic and inflammatory responses to several contemporary endodontic sealers. AH‐Plus (AH), Pulp Canal Sealer (PC), Epiphany (EPH), Endo‐Rez (ER), and an experimental Endo‐Rez (ERx) were initially placed in buffered‐saline for 12 weeks to simulate in vivo use. After “aging,” specimens were placed in direct contact with THP1 monocytes for 72 h and their cytotoxicity (mitochondrial response; MTT) or ability to trigger or suppress cytokine secretion (ELISA; TNFα, IL1β, IL=6; +/− lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure) were measured relative to Teflon® (Tf) negative controls. Cellular responses among conditions were compared with ANOVA and Tukey post‐hoc analysis (α = 0.05). Two of the five sealers, EPH and PC, still suppressed cell mitochondrial activity by 70% or more after 12 weeks of conditioning in saline. No sealer alone activated monocytic TNFα, IL1β, or IL6 secretion (p > 0.05 vs. +LPS controls). When THP1 were activated by LPS after exposure to the sealers, differential suppression of TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 secretion was observed for two of the five sealers tested. (EPH and PC) This data suggest that common endodontic sealers do not activate monocytic TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 secretion in vitro by themselves, but degradation products of the sealers may suppress activation of monocytes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Designs with mutually orthogonal resolutions and decompositions of edge‐colored graphs
Authors: Lamken E. R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTwo resolutions R and R′ of a combinatorial design are called orthogonal if |Ri∩R|≤1 for all Ri∈R and R∈R′. A set Q={R1, R2, …, Rd} of d resolutions of a combinatorial design is called a set of mutually orthogonal resolutions (MORs) if the resolutions of Q are pairwise orthogonal. In this paper, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic existence of a (v, k, 1)‐BIBD with d mutually orthogonal resolutions for d≥2 and k≥3 and necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic existence of a (v, k, k−1)‐BIBD with d mutually orthogonal near resolutions for d≥2 and k≥3. We use complementary designs and the most general form of an asymptotic existence theorem for decompositions of edge‐colored complete digraphs into prespecified edge‐colored subgraphs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 425–447, 2009
Mentalization‐based psychodynamic psychotherapy for psychosis
Authors: Brent Benjamin 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article discusses and illustrates the use of mentalization‐based psychodynamic psychotherapy for disturbances of awareness of the self and others in patients with psychotic‐spectrum disorders. The literature on impairments of mental processes involved in self‐awareness and awareness of others occurring in psychotic illnesses and the relationship between childhood trauma and the emergence of psychotic symptoms is reviewed. A case illustrates how mentalization‐based treatment can facilitate treatment engagement and be used to manage enactments in the psychotherapy with a patient with a psychotic disorder. Mentalization‐based psychotherapy may offer a useful adjunct to antipsychotic medication and psychosocial evidence‐based treatments in the care of individuals in the early phase of psychotic disorders. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 65:1–12, 2009.
Reactive extraction of diols with phenyl boronic acid and trioctylmethylammonium chloride as coextractants and quantitative structure–property relationship of their extraction behaviors
Authors: Matsumoto Michiaki , Kado Atsushi , Shiraki Takayoshi , Kondo Kazuo , Yoshizuka Kazuharu 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Diols that can be produced biologically have attracted much attention because of the increased cost of producing them chemically. The cost of separating the diols from the broth forms a major part of the total cost of microbial production. Reactive extraction using organoboronate is one promising method for recovering diols from the dilute aqueous solution.RESULTS: A basic investigation of solvent extraction of diols was conducted at 303 K employing phenylboronic acid and trioctylmethylammonium chloride as coextractants in the mixed solvent. Both the tetrahedral boronate anion complex and trigonal boronate neutral complex were extracted. 1,3‐diols and vicinal diols were extracted, but 1,4‐diol was not extracted. Extraction equilibrium constants were correlated with the enthalpies of formation of the complexes, which were calculated by molecular modeling with semi‐empirical molecular orbital calculations considering the solvent effect.CONCLUSION: The complex extraction behaviour of diols with phenylboronic acid and quaternary ammonium salt can be predicted by using the quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR). Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Understanding poverty dynamics in Kenya
Authors: Kristjanson Patti , Mango Nelson , Krishna Anirudh , Radeny Maren , Johnson Nancy 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCombining qualitative–quantitative approaches, we examined the reasons behind household movements into and out of poverty across Kenya, and how they differ by livelihood zones. Among the 4773 households studied, 42 per cent were poor 15 years ago and 50 per cent are poor at the present time. Over the same period, 12 per cent of the households escaped poverty, while another 20 per cent fell into poverty. While some national trends were evident – such as the role of health problems in driving people into poverty and the importance of off‐farm income in getting them out – many reasons differ across livelihood zones, thus this paper provides an example of how regionally differentiated anti‐poverty policies can be investigated and designed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tree‐ring based drought reconstruction for the Guiqing Mountain (China): linkages to the Indian and Pacific Oceans
Authors: Fang Keyan , Gou Xiaohua , Chen Fahu , D'Arrigo Rosanne , Li Jinbao 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have reconstructed the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) from 1618 to 2005 for the Guiqing Mountain area, north central China, using tree rings of Pinus tabulaeformis. The reconstruction explains 49% of the actual PDSI variance during the common period 1951–2005. The PDSI reconstruction is representative of moisture conditions over a large area to the south and east of the sampling site, the core area for the 1997 severe drought. It shows slightly different variations when compared to other available PDSI reconstructions north and west of the sampling sites. The drought epoch since 1994 is most severe for our study region, with least intensity for the Helan Mountain area. The drought in 1997 was centered in the Guiqing Mountain area, and appears to be the most extreme drought event over the length of reconstruction. Significant spectral peaks are identified at 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 3.2, 3.6, 42.7 and 53.8 years. Our reconstructed droughts are significantly correlated with sea surface temperature in the northern Indian Ocean, western equatorial Pacific Ocean, eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, Eastern China Sea and Sea of Japan. The linkages to the Indian and Pacific Oceans suggest the connection of regional moisture variations to the Asian monsoon circulations. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Functional dependence of cancellous bone shear properties on trabecular microstructure evaluated using time‐lapsed micro‐computed tomographic imaging and torsion testing
Authors: Nazarian Ara , Meier Diego , Müller Ralph , Snyder Brian D. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWhen compressed axially, cancellous bone often fails at an oblique angle along well‐defined bands, highlighting the importance of cancellous bone shear properties. Torsion testing to determine shear properties of cancellous bone has often been conducted under conditions appropriate only for axisymmetric specimens comprised of homogeneous and isotropic materials. However, most cancellous bone specimens do not meet these stringent test conditions. Therefore, we studied the application of the stepwise torsion testing system in biologic specimens with viscoelastic behavior. We explore the functional dependence of cancellous bone shear properties on trabecular microstructure and its spatial distribution, specifically the contribution of the subregion with the minimum polar moment of inertia to the overall failure properties. Torsional properties of whale trabecular specimens obtained by the incremental application of stepwise torque were not different from those obtained via continuous testing. Average polar moment of inertia accounted for 82 and 67% of the variation in shear modulus and shear stress, respectively. However, torsional properties were better predicted by the subregion with minimum polar moment of inertia, describing 87 and 74% of the variation in shear modulus and shear stress. The use of a novel torsion testing system for nonhomogeneous, orthotropic cancellous bone using stepwise application of torsion and simultaneous micro‐computed tomographic imaging was further studied. Most importantly, a heterogeneous cancellous bone microstructural environment, the subregion with the minimum polar moment of inertia, hence the weakest spatial distribution of bone, predicted the shear properties for the entire bone volume. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:1667–1674, 2009
Effects of biosolids from tomato processing on soil fertility and wheat growth in a Greek alfisol
Authors: Samaras Vasilios , Tsadilas Christos D. , Stamatiadis Stamatis , Nortcliff Stephen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effects of biosolids from tomato processing on soil properties and wheat growth were investigated in an Alfisol from central Greece. Biosolids were mixed with soil from the surface (Ap) or subsurface (Bt) horizon in plastic containers at rates of 1%, 5%, and 10% by dry weight (d.w.; equivalent to 10, 50, and 100 Mg ha–1). Biosolid treatments were compared to an NH4Cl application (50 mg N kg–1) and an untreated control in (1) a 102 d incubation experiment at 28°C to determine biosolid nitrification potential and (2) a 45 d outdoor experiment to evaluate effects on soil fertility and wheat growth. Mineralization of biosolids in the incubation experiment resulted in accumulation of nitrate‐N and indicated that biosolids were able to supply N that was in excess of crop needs in treatments of 5% and 10%. After 45 d of wheat growth, available soil nutrients (N, P) and P uptake by wheat were distinctly lower in the Bt than in the Ap horizon. However, soil pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total N, nitrate‐N, extractable P, and exchangeable K increased with increasing rate of biosolid application in both soils. These were followed by corresponding increases in wheat nutrient uptake and biomass production, thus demonstrating the importance of this organic material for sustaining production in soils of low immediate fertility. Compared to the NH4Cl treatment (50 kg N ha–1 equivalent), biosolid application rates of 5% and 10% had higher available soil nutrients, similar or higher nutrient uptake and higher wheat biomass. But only an application of 10% biosolids provided sufficient N levels for wheat in the surface soil, and even higher applications were required for providing sufficient N and P in the Bt horizon.
Effects of weathering state of coarse‐soil fragments on tree‐seedling nutrient uptake
Authors: Koele Nina , Hildebrand Ernst E. , Schack‐Kirchner Helmer 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFine earth accumulated within the weathering fissures of the coarse‐soil fraction (particles > 2 mm), so called “stone‐protected fine earth”, can provide a high short‐term nutrient release by cation exchange. It is thus hypothesized that unweathered gneiss particles cannot provide plants with exchangeable‐cation nutrients and that biological weathering is needed to include silicate‐bound nutrients into biochemical cycles. In a microcosm experiment, ectomycorrhizal Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings were grown on either weathered or unweathered paragneiss coarse‐soil fragments under natural hydraulic and climatic boundary conditions. A nutrient solution containing N, P, and K was added, however Mg and Ca could only be taken up from the coarse‐soil substrate. Solutes in drainage were analyzed during the experiment; plant nutrient uptake was determined after the experiment ended. Solute dynamics depended on the weathering state of the substrates: unweathered gneiss showed high initial Mg and Ca fluxes that diminished strongly afterwards, whereas weathered gneiss showed a much more gradual and sustainable release of these cations. Patterns in dissolved organic C and sulfate drainage indicated that the internal pores of weathered gneiss fragments contained organic material most likely as a result of living spaces from microorganisms. Plant biomass did not differ between treatments, however Mg content was higher in seedlings grown on weathered gneiss. Nutrient budgets demonstrated that the “stonesphere” of weathered gneiss can act as a quasi‐constant nutrient source whereas unweathered gneiss only provided high initial nutrients fluxes. In nutrient‐depleted, acidified fine‐earth environments, the coarse‐soil fraction may therefore act as a retreat for nutrient‐adsorbing tissues and as a buffer for nutrient shortages.
Prediction model of lymph node metastasis in superficial esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer including D2‐40 immunostaining
Authors: Gockel I. , Domeyer M. , Sgourakis G.G. , Schimanski C.C. , Moehler M. , Kirkpatrick C.J. , Lang H. , Junginger Th. , Hansen T. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBackgroundIt was the aim of our study to establish a model for prediction of lymph node metastases in superficial esophageal cancer.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical and histopathological data of 50 consecutive patients with pT1‐esophageal cancer who underwent oncological resection. Submucosal carcinomas (pT1b) were classified according to sm levels 1–3. D2‐40 immunostaining was investigated using the ABC technique. In a first step, we performed univariate analysis (One‐way ANOVA: Sigma restricted parameterization; test of SS whole vs. SS predicted) to test the predictive value of the following categorical parameters for lymph node status (positive/negative): sex, histologic tumor type, localization, surgical technique (transhiatal/transthoracic), grading, pT1‐subclassification (pT1a, pT1b sm 1–3), pL‐, pV‐status, and D2‐40 labeling. Simple regression was applied for the following continuous predictors: age and tumor size. All significant variables of univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. For this purpose, we used the General Liner Models's analysis (forward stepwise). In a third step, the Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc comparisons was intended to define the cut‐off value of parameters tested.ResultsOnly the following variables gained statistical significance in univariate analysis: sex, histological tumor type, grading, pT1‐subclassification, lymphatic infiltration, microvascular infiltration, D2‐40 immunostaining, and tumor size (P < 0.05). Variables reaching significance in multivariate analysis were tumor size (P = 0.017) and pV‐status (P = 0.037). In the Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc comparisons, the cut‐off value of tumor size was 2 cm (model P = 0.002) and between the categories (P < 0.05).ConclusionsLymph node positivity and lymphatic vessel infiltration did not linearly increase with sm tumor infiltration depth. The risk category of lymph node involvement in superficial esophageal cancer exists according to our prediction model on the basis of tumor size of >2 cm and microvascular infiltration. The hitherto common sm levels 1–3 classification of submucosal cancers appears to display a lesser impact than previously assumed with regard to prediction of potential lymph node metastases and consequently the indication for endoscopic or surgical therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;100:191–198. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison of different approaches to segment information search behaviour of spring break travellers in the USA: experience, knowledge, involvement and specialisation concept
Authors: Park Sangwon , Kim Dae‐Young 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to compare salient approaches for identifying the patterns of college students' information search behaviours while preparing for their spring break trips. Comparing four different prominent constructs (i.e. past experience, prior knowledge, involvement and a concept of specialisation combining those three variables), the results of the study indicate that involvement and the specialisation concept have more distinctive results than the others in terms of measurement of travellers' perceived usefulness of information sources and the importance of information content. In addition, the different groups assigned different priorities for usage of main information sources. As a result, involvement and the specialisation concept appear to provide more distinctive clarification for identifying the information search behaviours of spring break travellers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.