bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled release of nutrients to mammalian cells cultured in shake flasks
Authors: Hegde Swati , Pant Tejal , Pradhan Ketaki , Badiger Manohar , Gadgil Mugdha 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThough cell culture‐based protein production processes are rarely carried out under batch mode of operation, cell line and initial process development operations are usually carried out in batch mode due to simplicity of operation in widely used scale down platforms like shake flasks. Nutrient feeding, if performed, is achieved by bolus addition of concentrated feed solution at different intervals, which leads to large transient increases in nutrient concentrations. One negative consequence is increased waste metabolite production. We have developed a hydrogel‐based nutrient delivery system for continuous feeding of nutrients in scale down models like shake flasks without the need for manual feed additions or any additional infrastructure. Continuous delivery also enables maintaining nutrient concentrations at low levels, if desired. The authors demonstrate the use of these systems for continuous feeding of glucose and protein hydrolysate to a suspension Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) culture in a shake flask. Glucose feeding achieved using the glucose‐loaded hydrogel resulted in a 23% higher integral viable cell density and an 89% lower lactate concentration at the end of the culture when compared with a bolus‐feed of glucose. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
A primer on LGBTQ students at community colleges: Considerations for research and practice
Authors: Zamani‐Gallaher Eboni M. , Choudhuri Dibya Devika 
Published: September 2011

AbstractCommunity colleges are among the most diverse institutions in the American higher education system. Students across lifestyles, creeds, racial/ethnic backgrounds, gender groups, ability levels, and socioeconomic status reflect the legacy of two‐year institutions to provide educational opportunities for many on the margins of full participation. The preponderance of community college students seeks this tier of postsecondary education, as it promises to equalize educational access across divergent student populations. Nonetheless, the unique campus climates of community colleges have not halted marginalization that occurs for sexual minority students. In this chapter, the authors trace the dearth of available literature on LGBTQ students at community colleges, provide a commentary for future research, and offer action steps for practitioners in creating visibly inclusive LGBTQ campus environments.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Epoxidation: High Limonene Oxide Yields by Surface Silylation of Ti‐MCM‐41
Authors: Guidotti M. , Psaro R. , Batonneau‐Gener I. , Gavrilova E. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLimonene oxide is an intermediate getting growing attention in industrial chemistry. A series of Ti‐MCM‐41 heterogeneous catalysts with different hydrophilic/hydrophobic character, prepared by post‐synthesis silylation with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), were studied in the liquid‐phase epoxidation of limonene with tert‐butylhydroperoxide (TBHP). A maximum yield of 84 % in limonene oxide was obtained over a partially silylated catalyst with a surface coverage of 55 %.
Versatile Stereoselective Cycloadditions between Heterocumulenes and Phosphagermaallene Tip(tBu)GeCPMes*: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Ghereg Dumitru , André Erwan , Gornitzka Heinz , Escudié Jean , Ouhsaine Fatima , Saffon Nathalie , Miqueu Karinne , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPhosphagermaallene Tip(tBu)GeCPMes* 1 (Tip=2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl, Mes*=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl) reacts with phenyl isocyanate and tert‐butyl isocyanate by a [2+2] cycloaddition that involves the GeC and CO double bonds to afford 1‐oxa‐2‐germacyclobutanes 2 and 3. With N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, a [2+2] cycloaddition is observed between the GeC and CN unsaturations to lead to 1‐aza‐2‐germacyclobutane 6 with exocyclic PC and CN double bonds. In sharp contrast, 1 reacts with phenyl isothiocyanate, ethyl isothiocyanate, and carbon disulfide according to a [3+2] cycloaddition that involves the whole GeCP unit and the CS double bond to give transient phosphagermacarbenes (PGeHCs) 11, 12, and 13. These new PGeHCs undergo CH insertions into one o‐tBu group of Mes* (in the case of 11 and 12) or one o‐iPr group of Tip (in the case of 13) with formation of tricyclic compounds 8, 9, and 10, respectively. The reaction mechanisms that involve 1 and the phenyl isocyanate and the phenyl isothiocyanate are described and their regioselectivity is explained by theoretical calculations.
Incorporation of Spiroxanthene Units in Blue‐Emitting Oligophenylene Frameworks: A New Molecular Design for OLED Applications
Authors: Poriel Cyril , Cocherel Nicolas , Rault‐Berthelot Joëlle , Vignau Laurence , Jeannin Olivier 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe report herein the incorporation of xanthenyl units into two extended π‐conjugated phenylene systems, namely indenofluorene and pentaphenylene. Thus, dispiroxanthene‐indenofluorene (DSX‐IF) and dispiroxanthene‐ladderpentaphenylene (DSX‐LPP) have been designed and synthesized through short and efficient synthetic approaches. These two molecules possess a 3π‐2‐spiro architecture (3π‐systems/2‐spiro bridges), in which two xanthenyl cores are spirolinked to a π‐conjugated backbone either indenofluorene for DSX‐IF or pentaphenylene for DSX‐LPP. The structural, electrochemical, and photophysical properties of these blue/violet emitters have been studied in detail and compared to those of their ‘all carbon’ analogues with spirofluorenyl cores instead of spiroxanthenyl cores, namely dispirofluorene‐indenofluorene (DSF‐IF) and dispirofluorene‐ladderpentaphenylene (DSF‐LPP), previously reported in the literature. Finally, the application of DSX‐IF and DSX‐LPP as new light‐emitting materials in nondoped organic light emitting diodes is reported. A detailed optical study of the different electroluminescence spectra is notably presented, with an emphasis 1) on the origin of the low‐energy emission band observed in the case of DSX‐LPP and 2) on the unexpected optical contribution of the well‐known hole‐transporting‐layer NPB (N,N′‐di(naphtyl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4,4′‐diamine).
Palladium‐Catalyzed Pentannulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Lütke Eversloh Christian , Avlasevich Yuri , Li Chen , Müllen Klaus 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe present a new and versatile one‐step synthesis of a series of small molecular chromophores based on cyclopentannulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Easily available pyrene, anthracene, and perylene bromides serve as starting materials for the reactions. The formation of the five‐membered ring is achieved by the straightforward palladium(0)‐catalyzed carbannulation with various substituted acetylenes. This approach is applicable either to single or multiple annulation procedures leading to hitherto inaccessible PAH topologies. According to the resulting products of the diverse reactions, a mechanistic explanation is proposed. UV/Vis absorption as well as cyclovoltammetric measurements were performed for characterization demonstrating the value of this annulation technique. Optical absorptions of up to 780 nm and absorption coefficients ranging from 8000 to 34 000 M−1 cm−1 were detected.
Establishing bioequivalence of racemic venlafaxine formulations using stereoselective assay method: Is it necessary?
Authors: Kandhwal Kirti , Dey Surajit , Nazarudheen Shabana , Reyar Simrit , Mishra Sanjeev , Thudi Nageshwar R. , Khuroo Arshad H. , Monif Tausif 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA bioequivalence study for venlafaxine generic formulation was conducted as an open label, balanced, randomized, two‐way crossover, single‐dose study. In this study, a comparison of various pharmacokinetic parameters of venlafaxine hydrochloride 150 mg modified release capsules of Ranbaxy and EFEXOR®‐XR 150 mg capsules of Wyeth, in healthy, adult, male, human subjects under fasting condition was performed to conclude bioequivalence. Venlafaxine and its major active metabolite O‐desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) are racemates. The “(S)‐(+)” and “(R)‐(−)” enantiomers of venlafaxine and ODV are established as being active. Hence, subject samples were analyzed using nonstereoselective and stereoselective assay methods. Both (S)‐(+) and (R)‐(−) enantiomers of venlafaxine and ODV showed similar absorption and disposition. The 90% confidence intervals for venlafaxine, (R)‐(−)‐venlafaxine as well as (S)‐(+)‐venlafaxine were within acceptance range concluding bioequivalence. The results obtained by stereoselective assay were comparable to the nonstereoselective analysis, as sum of concentrations of (S)‐(+)‐ and (R)‐(−)‐enantiomers of venlafaxine and ODV. The mean (S)‐(+)/(R)‐(−) ratios of the enantiomers of venlafaxine and ODV at various time points were consistent in the study subjects. Therefore, the estimation of venlafaxine and ODV using nonstereoselective assay method is effective in distinguishing formulation differences (if any) in bioequivalence studies in a cost‐effective manner. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ambrox®
Authors: Schäfer Bernd 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAmbra ist ein seit Jahrtausenden hoch geschätzter Duftstoff aus dem Verdauungstrakt des Pottwals. Der olfaktorisch bedeutendste Inhaltsstoff ist (–)‐Ambrox®, das durch Partialsynthese im größeren Maßstab aus dem Sclareol des Muskatellersalbeis gewonnen wird. Die Polyencyclisierungen von Homofarnesol und Homofarnsylsäure sind besonders elegante Totalsynthesen. 5,5a‐Dehydroambrox zeichnet sich nicht nur durch exzellente Duftqualitäten aus, sondern auch durch die eleganten Totalsynthesen.
Effect of Temperature on Self‐Interaction of Human‐Like Collagen
Authors: Fan Daidi , Xing Jianyu , Xue Wenjiao , Zhu Chenhui , Ma Xiaoxuan , Ma Rong 
Published: September 2011

Abstract Effects of temperature on self‐interaction of human‐like collagen (HLC) were investigated by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, calorimetric measurement, and sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) analysis. Results show that three types of interaction roles may exist between HLC molecules at 3–50°C, which were divided into three narrower temperature ranges. In temperature range from 3–22°C, hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the formation of a gelatinous aggregate. In the range of 22–38°C, hydrophobic bonds accompanied by hydrogen bonds are involved in the formation compact aggregates. When temperature is above 38°C the hydrophobic effect formed in the HLC monomer results in the loss of its ability to self‐interact.
Ultrasonic‐assisted Synthesis of Fe Nanoparticles in the Presence of Poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Xiaoyan , Hsing Yiming , Fang Yuzhi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractZero‐valent iron particles were prepared by wet reduction chemistry assisted with ultrasonic treatment. Such prepared particles have uniform size, exhibit crystalline structure and show strong paramagnetic property. Their surface modification by coating poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) was investigated. The resulting Fe(0)‐PVP particles were monodispersed and possessed enhancing magnetization saturation. Those synthesis conditions to control the particle size and distribution were exploited.
Catalyst‐free Multicomponent Synthesis of β‐Mercapto Diketones in Water
Authors: Li Li , Liu Bokai , Wu Qi , Lin Xianfu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA simple, efficient and eco‐friendly route has been developed for the synthesis of β‐mercapto diketones via a multicomponent reaction of an aldehyde, acetylacetone and thiol in water. This methodology affords a number of β‐mercapto diketone derivatives in moderate to good yields.
Combustion Derived Nanocrystalline‐ZrO2 and Its Catalytic Activity for Biginelli Condensation under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Bhojegowd Madhusudana Reddy M. , Siddaramanna Ashoka , Siddappa Anandakumar B. , Thimmanna Chandrappa G. , Pasha Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNanocrystalline zirconium(IV) oxide (nc‐ZrO2) possessing high surface area was synthesized by a low temperature eco‐friendly solution combustion method using a new organic fuel alanine. The powder XRD, SEM and surface area measurements were carried out for characterization of nc‐ZrO2. The powder XRD results revealed that, the nc‐ZrO2 has the pure tetragonal phase. The crystallite size calculated by Scherrer's formula and BET surface area were found to be ca. 53–57 nm and ca. 275 m2/g, respectively. SEM micrograph exhibited the macroporous nature of the powder. nc‐ZrO2 has been employed as a catalyst for the solvent‐free synthesis of 3,4‐dihydro‐ pyrimidin‐2‐ones (DHPMs) by a microwave (MW) assisted one‐pot, multicomponent Biginelli condensation reaction of araldehydes, ethylacetoacetate and urea or thiourea. DHPMs are obtained in good to excellent yields (85%–96%) under this reaction condition within short interval of time (10–20 min).
Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Benzimidazoles and Perimidines: Ytterbium Chloride Catalyzed CC Bond Cleavage
Authors: Cai Lijian , Ji Xiaofeng , Yao Zhigang , Xu Fan , Shen Qi 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAn efficient method is developed for the synthesis of functionalized benzimidazoles and perimidines by the condensation of aryl diamines with β‐carbonyl compounds catalyzed by ytterbium chloride. The reactions give good yields under mild conditions. A mechanism involving a lanthanide activated CC bond cleavage is proposed.
Etherification of Ferrocenyl Alcohol by Highly‐efficient Ytterbium Triflate
Authors: Jiang Ran , Shen Yechen , Zhang Ying , Xu Xiaoping , Shao Jinjun , Ji Shunjun 
Published: September 2011

AbstractNucleophilic substitution of ferrocenyl alcohols with various aliphatic alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of ytterbium triflate [Yb(OTf)3] was studied. It was found the unsymmetrical ferrocenyl ethers could be easily obtained in excellent yields when the reactions were performed in primary and secondary alcohols. However, in other organic non‐alcoholic solvents such as acetonitrile, the formation of symmetrical ferrocenyl ethers rather than unsymmetrical ones was observed.
Dual Spectroscopic Responses of Pyridinium Hemicyanine Dyes to Anions
Authors: Xie Puhui , Guo Fengqi , Zhang Dasheng , Zhang Lei 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic responses of three pyridinium hemicyanine dyes to anions F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, H2PO4−, HSO4− and OAc− were investigated. At lower concentrations of OAc− (less than 1 equiv.), both the absorption and the fluorescence intensities of 1–3 were more effectively changed than F− at identical concentrations. At higher concentrations of OAc− (more than 1 equiv.), the interaction was opposite for each compound. 1H NMR results indicated the interaction between 1, 2 or 3 and F− proceeded through hydrogen bonding. The results showed that these dyes are promising to develop dual fluorescence and chromogenic chemosensors toward F− and OAc− according to the subtle difference in the affinity of F− and OAc−.
Das Modul „CO2 und Me(e)hr“, Projekttage im Schülerlabor „MariSchool“
Authors: Neumann Kristina , Flint Alfred 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIm Schülerlabor „MariSchool“ im Leibniz‐Institut für Ostseeforschung in Warnemünde (IOW)werden Projekttage für Schülerinnen und Schüler aus vornehmlich Chemie‐ oder Biologie‐Kursen der gymnasialen Oberstufe angeboten. Während jeweils eines solchen Tages werden aktuelle Fragen der Ostseeforschung mit schulrelevanten Chemie‐ und Biologiekenntnissen verknüpft. Ein im Folgenden näher beschriebener Projekttag beschäftigt sich mit der Löslichkeit von Kohlenstoffdioxid in Wasser in Abhängigkeit von unterschiedlichen Parametern. Dazu werden für bekannte Experimente eine neue, alternative Schlauchapparatur vorgestellt und ausgewählte Versuche damit beschrieben.
Adsorption Characteristics of Reactive Black 5 from Aqueous Solution onto Chitosan
Authors: Saha Tapan K. , Bhoumik Nikhil C. , Karmaker Subarna , Ahmed Mahmooda G. , Ichikawa Hideki , Fukumori Yoshinobu 
Published: September 2011

AbstractAdsorption of reactive black 5 (RB5) from aqueous solution onto chitosan was investigated in a batch system. The effects of solution pH, initial dye concentration, and temperature were studied. Adsorption data obtained from different batch experiments were modeled using both pseudo first‐ and second‐order kinetic equations. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Freundlich, Tempkin, and Langmuir isotherms over a dye concentration range of 45–100 µmol/L. The best results were achieved with the pseudo second‐order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm equilibrium models, respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) was increased with increasing the initial dye concentration and solution temperature, and decreasing solution pH. The chitosan flakes for the adsorption of the dye was regenerated efficiently through the alkaline solution and was then reused for dye removal. The activation energy (Ea) of sorption kinetics was estimated to be 13.88 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic parameters such as changes in free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) were evaluated by applying the van't Hoff equation. The thermodynamics of reactive dye adsorption by chitosan indicates its spontaneous and endothermic nature.
The Discovery of Compounds That Stimulate the Activity of Kallikrein‐Related Peptidase 3 (KLK3)
Authors: Härkönen Henna H. , Mattsson Johanna M. , Määttä Juha A. E. , Stenman Ulf‐Håkan , Koistinen Hannu , Matero Sanni , Windshügel Björn , Poso Antti , Lahtela‐Kakkonen Maija 
Published: September 2011

AbstractKallikrein‐related peptidase 3 (KLK3), also known as prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), is the most useful biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). KLK3 is suggested to play a role in regulating cancer growth through anti‐angiogenic activity in vivo and in vitro. This feature, together with its specificity for prostate tissue, makes KLK3 an intriguing target for the design of new therapies for PCa. 3D pharmacophores for KLK3‐stimulating compounds were generated based on peptides that bind specifically to KLK3 and increase its enzymatic activity. As a result of pharmacophore‐based virtual screening, four small, drug‐like compounds with affinity for KLK3 were discovered and validated by capillary differential scanning calorimetry. One of the compounds also stimulated the activity of KLK3, and is therefore the first published small molecule with such an activity.
Novel Rhein Analogues as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Yang Xiaochuan , Sun Guojing , Yang Chunhao , Wang Binghe 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTwo series of rhein analogues were synthesized with modification at the 3‐position. Their cytotoxicities were evaluated using an MTT assay. Among all the compounds synthesized, one compound showed the best potency, with an IC50 value of 2.7 μM against the HeLa cell line and 0.6 μM against the MOLT4 cell line.
Germline polymorphisms in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer receiving first‐line platinum‐gemcitabine chemotherapy
Authors: Joerger Markus , Burgers Sjaak A. , Baas Paul , Smit Egbert F. , Haitjema Tjeerd J. , Bard Martin P. L. , Doodeman Valerie D. , Smits Paul H. M. , Vincent Andrew , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H. M. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The authors assessed the impact of germline polymorphisms on clinical outcome in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received platinum‐gemcitabine (PG) chemotherapy.METHODS:In total, 137 patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC were included who received first‐line PG chemotherapy (74% of patients received cisplatin, and 26% received carboplatin). Twenty‐three germline polymorphisms that were identified in peripheral blood samples were analyzed for progression‐free survival (PFS), treatment response, overall survival (OS), and toxicity.RESULTS:The median PFS was 5.8 months, the median OS was 10.2 months, and 44 patients (32%) had a partial treatment response. Carriers of the excision repair cross‐complementation group 1 (ERCC1) mutant thymine (T) allele had a lower treatment response rate (29% vs 52%; P = .02), shorter PFS (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.60; P = .04), and shorter OS (adjusted HR, 1.54; P = .05) compared with carriers of the wild‐type cytosine/cytosine (CC) genotype. The xeroderma pigmentosum group A member 10 (XPD10) mutant adenine (A) allele (adjusted HR, 0.64; P = .04) and the x‐ray cross‐complementing group 1 (XRCC1) mutant guanine (G) allele (adjusted HR, 0.51; P = .02) also were independent predictors of OS. Carriers of the mutant adenosine triphosphate‐dependent DNA helicase Q1 (RECQ1) C allele or the mutant cytidine deaminase (CDA) C allele were more likely to experience severe leukocytopenia (26% vs 10% [P = .03] and 28% vs 11% [P = .02], respectively) compared with wild‐type genotype carriers. Patients who carried the homozygous mutant glutathione S‐transferase π 1(GSTP1) GG genotype were at considerable risk for severe platinum‐associated polyneuropathy (18% vs 3% in wild‐type vs heterozygous mutant patients, respectively; P = .01).CONCLUSIONS:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first prospective study to date in patients with advanced NSCLC describing predictive germline polymorphisms not only for the clinical activity of PG chemotherapy (ERCC1, XPD10) but also for its toxicity (GSTP1, RECQ1, CDA). Nonplatinum‐containing chemotherapy in carriers of the ERCC1 T allele or the XPD10 G allele should be studied prospectively. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Validation of the MD Anderson Prognostic Risk Model for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Komrokji Rami S. , Corrales‐Yepez Maria , Al Ali Najla , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohammad , Padron Eric , Fields Teresa , Lancet Jeffrey E. , List Alan F. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND:The proposed MD Anderson Risk Model Score (MDAS) for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) refines outcome discrimination compared with the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). We applied the MDAS to Moffitt Cancer Center (MCC) MDS patients to validate its prognostic utility.METHODS:This was a retrospective analysis of MDS cases, as defined by World Health Organization criteria, from the Moffitt database, with confirmatory chart review.RESULTS:A total of 775 patients evaluated between January 2001 and December 2009 were included. Patients were reclassified by MDAS as low (20.6%), intermediate‐1 (31%), intermediate‐2 (21%), high risk (16.1%), and unknown (11.2%). Median overall survival (OS) from diagnosis was 92, 49, 27, and 14 months for low, intermediate‐1, intermediate‐2, and high‐risk MDAS groups, respectively (P < .005). Median OS from referral was 61, 28, 15, and 8 months (P < .005), respectively. Among 484 patients classified by IPSS as low or intermediate‐1 risk, 25% were up‐staged as intermediate‐2 or high risk by MDAS; 4 prognostically distinct subgroups were identified among lower risk IPSS categories with median OS of 93, 53, 31, and 18 months (P < .005). Among 201 intermediate‐2 or high‐risk IPSS patients, 15.4% were down‐staged to intermediate‐1 by MDAS, with 3 groups identified by MDAS having median OS of 33, 23, and 14 months. Acute myeloid leukemia transformation rate was highest among high‐risk MDAS (50.4%). In Cox regression analysis, higher risk MDAS predicted inferior OS (hazard ratio 1.42; P < .005) independent of IPSS.CONCLUSIONS:Our data validated MDAS' prognostic value. MDAS is complementary to IPSS and refines prognostic precision. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.