bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Courts, the state, and democratization in the United States
Authors: Lieberman Robert C. , Gaines Kory J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe United States is facing an era of acute democratic fragility. The Supreme Court is often understood as a key countermajoritarian institution that often impedes democratization. But adopting an interbranch perspective, we show that the court has been a stronger champion of democratization in the United States than is typically recognized. National power has generally been necessary to overcome antidemocratic subnational policy, and national state power requires both standard setting and coercion. Using an original dataset of Supreme Court rulings on civil rights and racial equality, we show that the court was an earlier and more consistent champion of racial democratization than is generally understood but that in the absence of cooperation from the rest of the federal government's coercive apparatus, the court's standard‐setting rulings had little impact. These findings suggest the conditions under which the protection of democratic gains might be possible.
Petrological, chemical, and chronological study of breccias in the Chang'e‐5 soil
Authors: Shi Yuruo , Peng Wenxiao , Joy Katherine H. , Yu Xuefeng , Guan Yue , Bao Zemin , Che Xiaochao , Tartèse Romain , Snape Joshua F. , Head James W. , Whitehouse Martin J. , Wang Xiaolei , Qian Yuqi , Li Zengsheng , Wang Chen , Long Tao , Xie Shiwen , Fan Runlong , Liu Jianhui , Yang Zhiqing , Yang Chun , Wang Peizhi , Liu Shoujie , Wang Zhen , Huang Haibin , Kang Yuelan , Sun Huiyi , Zhang Wei , Tian Lanlan , Li Huawei , Mao Xiaohong , Shan Wei , Li Dapeng , Liu Dunyi , Nemchin Alexander A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe carried out a petrological, mineralogical, and geochemical study of fragmental and regolith breccia clasts separated from two Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) soil samples, CE5C0000YJYX03501GP and CE5C0400, which provide an opportunity to investigate the compositional change of regolith at the landing site through time. Fragmental breccia CE‐5‐B3 contains a diverse range of basaltic clasts and basaltic mineral fragments, and some rare Mg‐suite‐like minerals. Regolith breccias CE‐5‐B006, CE‐5‐B007, CE‐5‐B010‐08, CE‐5‐B010‐09, CE‐5‐B011‐07, and CE‐5‐B016‐03 contain mare basaltic fragments, mare vitrophyric clasts, rare Mg‐rich fragments possibly derived from the Mg‐suite rocks, and impact‐derived glass spherules. Pb‐isotope data obtained for baddeleyite grains found both inside some of the basaltic clasts identified in breccia fragments and in the breccia matrices yield Pb/Pb dates similar to the 2 Ga crystallization age of the CE‐5 basalt fragments, extracted directly from the soil sample. Seventy‐four Pb isotope analyses of Ca‐phosphate grains also indicate that the majority of these grains have Pb/Pb dates of 2 Ga, suggesting that they originate from the CE‐5 basalts. In addition, a Pb–Pb isochron drawn through analyses of four Ca‐phosphates in breccia CE5‐B006 yielded an intercept corresponding to a date of 3871 ± 46 Ma, which is the best possible estimate of the formation age of these four grains. Electron probe microanalysis shows that the breccias contain components similar to CE‐5 mare basalt fragments extracted directly from the soil sample, implying that the fragmental and regolith breccia fragments are mostly composed of material sourced from the underlying basalts. The general absence of impact melt breccia clasts, along with the general lack of Fe–Ni metal and absence of added meteoritic debris all suggest that the regolith at the CE‐5 landing site is immature and dominated by material mixed together by small local impact cratering events. Trace element analyses show that the glass beads in the regolith breccias have a Th abundance of 4.06–5.28 μg g−1. This is similar to the Th content of the regolith above the Em4 unit at the landing site as measured from orbit, as well as the estimated bulk Th content of CE‐5 basalts, suggesting that Th of the local regolith is predominantly sourced from the underlying mare basalts, without significant Th addition from Th‐rich exotic clasts sourced from evolved lunar lithologies.
A picture of hope: From the perspective of adolescents with cancer—A phenomenological‐visual qualitative study
Authors: Sari Ozturk Cigdem , Kilicarslan Ebru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the phenomenon of hope in adolescents diagnosed with cancer and examine adolescents' lived experiences of hope. The study was conducted between November 2022 and March 2023. The study used a phenomenological‐visual qualitative research design with 20 adolescents in the pediatric oncology ward. The purposive sampling method was used in the study. Data were collected using “Descriptive Characteristic Form,” “Semi‐structured Interview Form,” “Drawing Technique,” and “Mutual Storytelling Technique”. The adolescents were instructed, “Let us draw our hopes,” and asked to draw pictures. Each adolescent was interviewed about the drawings and asked four semi‐structured questions. Audio recordings of the interviews were made and transcribed. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used in the analysis of the data. Two main themes and four subthemes were identified in the study. Metaphorical and conceptual context was included in the theme of symbolizing and linking hope. Two subthemes, facilitators and barriers, were identified in the main theme of rooting hope. The study sheds light on hope experiences in adolescents receiving cancer treatment and guides healthcare professionals.
Demographics and Emissions: The Life Cycle of Consumption Carbon Intensity
Authors: Basso Henrique S. , Jaimes Richard , Rachedi Omar 
Published: May 2024

The consumption carbon intensity – defined as the carbon emissions per unit of consumption – varies with age: it is hump‐shaped over the life cycle, but becomes flatter at high levels of income. We document this novel fact using US household‐level consumption data. This relationship holds not only at the individual level, but also at the aggregate: we leverage information across US states and countries all around the world to show that the carbon intensity of the economy depends on the population age structure. Consequently, policy changes that alter carbon prices affect relatively more middle‐age individuals, and especially so in low‐income economies.
Rituximab‐to‐vaccine interval on SARS‐CoV‐2 immunogenicity in children: The potential role of prior natural infection
Authors: Gualtieri Renato , Yerly Sabine , Garcia‐Tarodo Stephanie , Parvex Paloma , Rock Nathalie , Posfay‐Barbe Klara , Didierlaurent Arnaud M. , Eberhardt Christiane Sigrid , Blanchard‐Rohner Geraldine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundTreatment with anti‐CD20 antibodies (rituximab) is used in both adults and children to treat various autoimmune and oncological diseases. Rituximab depletes B CD20+ cells and, thereby, antibody response to vaccines. This study aimed to examine the antibody response to mRNA‐based COVID‐19 vaccines in children aged 5–18 years undergoing rituximab treatment compared to healthy matched children.MethodsBetween 31 January and 18 July 2022, we conducted a prospective observational study at the Geneva University Hospitals, enrolling children aged 5–18 years under rituximab treatment who had received two mRNA‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine doses. Controls were healthy volunteers with no significant medical conditions. Exclusion criteria included a recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Blood samples were collected at day 60 (±30) and day 270 (±90) after the second vaccination.ResultsThe rituximab‐treated group exhibited significantly lower levels of antibodies specific to the anti‐receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike (S) protein than healthy controls at 60 (±30) days after the second vaccine dose (geometric mean concentration: 868.3 IU/mL in patients and 11,393 IU/mL in controls; p = .008). However, patients with a rituximab‐to‐vaccine interval shorter than 6 months and with evidence of a past infection (based on positive anti‐N antibody levels) had a high level of anti‐RBD antibodies.ConclusionA past infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 may induce anti‐RBD‐specific memory B cells that can be re‐activated by SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination, even after rituximab‐induced B‐cell depletion. This suggests that it is possible to vaccinate earlier than 6 months after rituximab to develop a good antibody response, especially in the case of past SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Breeding trends on blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.)
Authors: Guo Liangchuan , Qiao Jinli , Sorokin Artem , Li Jichuan , Han Dongjun , Qin Dong , Huo Junwei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBlue honeysuckle, also named as haskap or honeyberry, an emerging fruit worldwide, with the species being Lonicera L., originating from the north hemisphere, exhibits high genetic heterogeneity and abundant genetic variation in fruit and leaf traits. However, there are few papers on the research progress of blue honeysuckle breeding and cultivars. The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) is an effective plant variety protection system, and blue honeysuckle cultivars from different countries and regions are registered in the UPOV database. In this review, we summarized the origin, domestication and germplasm collection, breeding categories and supporting techniques of blue honeysuckle, and the information on registered blue honeysuckle cultivars was analysed based on the UPOV database. Finally, the paper put forward the challenges of blue honeysuckle in development, breeding direction and perspectives to promote the development of blue honeysuckle.
The particular and diffuse effects of negative interactions on participation: Evidence from responses to police killings
Authors: Drolc Cody A. , Shoub Kelsey 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe relationship between the public and local government is crucial for the success of government in carrying out its duties. Despite this, the public is not always willing to engage with government. Previous research tells us that negative personal bureaucratic interactions can politically demobilize. However, little is known about whether feedback effects on participation are particular to offending government agencies or similarly felt by other organizations in a community. Building on studies of policy feedback, this study investigates how police killings, a form of community police contact, influence the public's willingness to engage with both local police and other local public services. Negative events, even when not directly experienced, disempower the public and undermine legitimacy, depressing participation. We test the effects of policing killings on participation using both observational data on 911 calls and 311 requests and a survey experiment where we manipulate exposure to a community police killing. We find evidence of decreased participation with local police and local government more broadly, contributing to our understanding of policy feedback, policing, and provision of public services.
Rural Development in the Digital Age: Exploring Information and Communication Technology through Social Inclusion☆
Authors: Green John J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractApproaching the interplay between social stability and social change as a complex network of “development pathways” and the routes people and communities take as their “livelihood journeys,” this Rural Sociological Society Presidential Address explores how information and communication technologies (ICTs) influence our capabilities to choose and navigate where to go and how to get there. Access and the literacy and skills needed for effective and safe use of ICTs are increasingly influential factors for livelihoods in the so‐called digital age, impacting wellbeing and resilience. Rural‐focused social scientists can help to inform livelihood journeys, especially by asking questions about the interplay between ICTs and social inclusion to involve often‐overlooked spatial dimensions at the local and regional levels. Doing so will require dialogue, discernment, and active engagement on the topics we explore, the research methods we employ, and incorporation of the experiences, needs, and desires of rural people and places in policies and programs. As a professional association built on diverse scholarly traditions yet rooted in a shared interest for practical application for the benefit of often excluded people and places, the Rural Sociological Society has important roles to play in the digital age.
Psb28 protein is indispensable for stable accumulation of PSII core complexes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Deng Linbin , Last Robert L. , Hua Wei , Liu Jun 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYEnhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis represents a promising strategy to improve crop yields, with keeping the steady state of PSII being key to determining the photosynthetic performance. However, the mechanisms whereby the stability of PSII is maintained in oxygenic organisms remain to be explored. Here, we report that the Psb28 protein functions in regulating the homeostasis of PSII under different light conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. The psb28 mutant is much smaller than the wild‐type plants under normal growth light, which is due to its significantly reduced PSII activity. Similar defects were seen under low light and became more pronounced under photoinhibitory light. Notably, the amounts of PSII core complexes and core subunits are specifically decreased in psb28, whereas the abundance of other representative components of photosynthetic complexes remains largely unaltered. Although the PSII activity of psb28 was severely reduced when subjected to high light, its recovery from photoinactivation was not affected. By contrast, the degradation of PSII core protein subunits is dramatically accelerated in the presence of lincomycin. These results indicate that psb28 is defective in the photoprotection of PSII, which is consistent with the observation that the overall NPQ is much lower in psb28 compared to the wild type. Moreover, the Psb28 protein is associated with PSII core complexes and interacts mainly with the CP47 subunit of PSII core. Taken together, these findings reveal an important role for Psb28 in the protection and stabilization of PSII core in response to changes in light environments.
Completely bounded norms of k$k$‐positive maps
Authors: Aubrun Guillaume , Davidson Kenneth R. , Müller‐Hermes Alexander , Paulsen Vern I. , Rahaman Mizanur 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGiven an operator system , we define the parameters (resp. ) defined as the maximal value of the completely bounded norm of a unital ‐positive map from an arbitrary operator system into (resp. from into an arbitrary operator system). In the case of the matrix algebras , for , we compute the exact value and show upper and lower bounds on the parameters . Moreover, when is a finite‐dimensional operator system, adapting results of Passer and the fourth author [J. Operator Theory 85 (2021), no. 2, 547–568], we show that the sequence tends to 1 if and only if is exact and that the sequence tends to 1 if and only if has the lifting property.
Parafree graphs of groups with cyclic edge groups
Authors: Jaikin‐Zapirain Andrei , Morales Ismael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe establish a combination theorem for parafree groups. These groups were introduced by Baumslag in the sixties. One of the current motivations for a better understanding of their structure is that they show up naturally in connection with Remeslennikov's conjecture on the profinite rigidity of free groups. In this article, we determine when the fundamental group of a finite graph of groups with cyclic edge groups is parafree.
On absolutely friendly measures on QSd$\mathbb {Q}_S^d$
Authors: Datta Shreyasi , Liu Justin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we extend the work of Pollington and Velani [Selecta Math. 11(2005)] to an ‐arithmetic set‐up, where is a finite set of valuations of . In particular, for an absolutely friendly measure supported on a compact set in , we give a summation condition on an approximating function such that almost no point in the compact set is approximable. The crucial ingredient is a version of the simplex lemma that we prove dynamically.
Search for Θ+ in KLp→K+n reaction in KLF at JLab
Authors: Amaryan Moskov J. , Hirama Shu , Jido Daisuke , Strakovsky Igor I. 
Published: May 2024

The possibility of the existence of multiquark hadrons made of 4-quarks for mesons and 5-quarks for baryons was predicted by Gell-Mann [Phys. Lett. 8, 214 (1964)]. The renewed interest for the search for exotic pentaquark states was initiated by the paper by Diakonov, Petrov, and Polyakov [Z. Phys. A 359, 305 (1997)]. The 2003 experimental reports on the observation of [Formula: see text] pentaquark with [Formula: see text] quark content created a great excitement and many following experiments have reported its observation [K. H. Hicks, Eur. Phys. J. H 37, 1 (2012)]. After high-statistics experiments at JLab, which did not confirm previous claims by the CLAS collaboration, the community concluded that the [Formula: see text] pentaquark either does not exist at all or has an extremely small cross-section, making it currently unobserved. There were different review papers on this subject, questioning the existence of [Formula: see text] or trying to explain the reasons why reaching a conclusion based on production experiments is challenging [M. Amaryan, Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137, 684 (2022)]. To address the challenge of minimal 3-body final states, a formation experiment with a projectile-kaon beam is proposed. In the following, we discuss how the [Formula: see text] could be observed in the [Formula: see text] reaction in the KLF experiment at JLab [M. Amaryan et al. [KLF Collaboration], arXiv:2008.08215 [nucl-ex]].
Traditional harvesting practices employed for freshwater turtles by the indigenous communities along Shilabati River, West Bengal, India
Authors: Prasun Mandal  , Jana Pathik Kumar , Mallick Priyanka Halder , Singh Shailendra , Bhattacharya Tanmay 
Published: May 2024

A survey was conducted through semi-structured interviews, involving 38 local fishermen of three villages in the Gangani region along Shilabati River in West Bengal, India. The survey revealed that three threatened species of turtles—Nilssonia gangetica, Nilssonia hurum, and Lissemys punctata—were clandestinely harvested by the riverine communities. These species are also being documented for the first time from this area, popularly called Jangal Mahal. N. gangetica was the most commonly harvested species, followed by L. punctata and N. hurum, mostly for consumption, local sale, and as traditional medicine. The most frequently used method for capturing turtles was the ‘multiple hook bait’; exclusively practiced by adult males of the fisher community, usually belonging to the age group 21–40 years, between February and June. The study indicated that the respondents knew that harvesting of turtles was clandestine, yet they continued to do so as their traditional right, as they believed minor catches will not harm local turtle populations. It is assumed that N. hurum, which is an endangered species, is already rare and on the brink of local extinction, whereas other two species are coping with the harvest in the specialized riparian habitat and adjacent ponds. In this study the harvesting of threatened turtle species was ardently associated with the socio-cultural customs rather than an economic compulsion but to check rising threat to these species, the uncontrolled harvest needs to be addressed urgently as a high priority conservation issue. This requires further explorations on the ecology of turtles, initiatives by enforcement agencies, and utilizing the inherent knowledge of indigenous people.
Evaluating the Accuracy, Comprehensiveness, and Validity of ChatGPT Compared to Evidence-Based Sources Regarding Common Surgical Conditions: Surgeons’ Perspectives
Authors: Nasef Hazem , Patel Heli , Amin Quratulain , Baum Samuel , Ratnasekera Asanthi , Ang Darwin , Havron William S , Nakayama Don , Elkbuli Adel 
Published: May 2024

Background This study aims to assess the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and validity of ChatGPT compared to evidence-based sources regarding the diagnosis and management of common surgical conditions by surveying the perceptions of U.S. board-certified practicing surgeons. Methods An anonymous cross-sectional survey was distributed to U.S. practicing surgeons from June 2023 to March 2024. The survey comprised 94 multiple-choice questions evaluating diagnostic and management information for five common surgical conditions from evidence-based sources or generated by ChatGPT. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and paired-sample t-tests. Results Participating surgeons were primarily aged 40-50 years (43%), male (86%), White (57%), and had 5-10 years or >15 years of experience (86%). The majority of surgeons had no prior experience with ChatGPT in surgical practice (86%). For material discussing both acute cholecystitis and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, evidence-based sources were rated as significantly more comprehensive (3.57 (±.535) vs 2.00 (±1.16), P = .025) (4.14 (±.69) vs 2.43 (±.98), P < .001) and valid (3.71 (±.488) vs 2.86 (±1.07), P = .045) (3.71 (±.76) vs 2.71 (±.95) P = .038) than ChatGPT. However, there was no significant difference in accuracy between the two sources (3.71 vs 3.29, P = .289) (3.57 vs 2.71, P = .111). Conclusion Surveyed U.S. board-certified practicing surgeons rated evidence-based sources as significantly more comprehensive and valid compared to ChatGPT across the majority of surveyed surgical conditions. However, there was no significant difference in accuracy between the sources across the majority of surveyed conditions. While ChatGPT may offer potential benefits in surgical practice, further refinement and validation are necessary to enhance its utility and acceptance among surgeons.
Case reports: Could sexual dysfunction in women with migraine be a side effect of CGRP inhibition?
Authors: Al-Hassany Linda , Boucherie Deirdre M. , Couturier Emile G.M. , MaassenVanDenBrink Antoinette 
Published: May 2024

Background The development and approval of antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor mark a revolutionary era for preventive migraine treatment. Real-world evidence sheds light on rare, stigmatized or overlooked side effects of these drugs. One of these potential side effects is sexual dysfunction. Case reports We present two cases of one 42-year-old and one 45-year-old female patient with chronic migraine who both reported sexual dysfunction as a possible side effect of treatment with galcanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide. Discussion As calcitonin gene-related peptide is involved in vaginal lubrication as well as genital sensation and swelling, inhibiting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway may lead to sexual dysfunction as a potential side effect. Conclusion Sexual dysfunction in female migraine patients might be a rare and overlooked side effect of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway. Considering the discomfort and stigma surrounding both migraine and sexual dysfunction, we advocate for an open attitude and awareness among clinicians toward such side effects.