bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence that the C‐terminal domain (CtD) autoinhibits neural repression by Drosophila E(spl)M8
Authors: Kahali Bhaskar , Kim Jee‐Eun , Karandikar Umesh , Bishop Clifton P. , Bidwai Ashok P. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAnalysis of the retinal defects of a CK2 phosphomimetic variant of E(spl)M8 (M8S159D) and the truncated protein M8* encoded by the E(spl)D allele, suggest that the nonphosphorylated CtD “autoinhibits” repression. We have investigated this model by testing for inhibition (in “trans”) by the CtD fragment in its nonphosphorylated (M8‐CtD) and phosphomimetic (M8SD‐CtD) states. In N+ flies, ectopic M8‐CtD compromises lateral inhibition, i.e., elicits supernumerary bristles as with loss of N signaling. This antimorphic activity of M8‐CtD strongly rescues the reduced eye and/or bristle loss phenotypes that are elicited by ectopic M8SD or wild type M8. Additionally, the severely reduced eye of Nspl/Y; E(spl)D/+ flies is also rescued by M8‐CtD. Rescue is specific to the time and place, the morphogenetic furrow, where “founding” R8 photoreceptors are specified. In contrast, the phosphomimetic M8SD‐CtD that is predicted to be deficient for autoinhibition, exhibits significantly attenuated or negligible activity. These studies provide evidence that autoinhibition by the CtD regulates M8 activity in a phosphorylation‐dependent manner. genesis 48:44–55, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of an EphA4 conditional allele in mice
Authors: Herrmann Julia E. , Pence Morgan A. , Shapera Emanuel A. , Shah Ravi R. , Geoffroy Cédric G. , Zheng Binhai 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEphrins and Eph receptor tyrosine kinases are cell‐surface molecules that serve a multitude of functions in cell–cell communication in development, physiology, and disease. EphA4 is a promiscuous member of the EphA subclass of Eph receptors and can bind to both EphrinAs and EphrinBs. In addition to its well‐established roles in guiding the development of neuronal connectivity, EphA4 has been implicated for a role in synaptic plasticity, vascular formation, axon regeneration, and central nervous system repair following injury. However, the study of its role in the adult stage has been hampered by confounding developmental defects in EphA4 germline mutants. Here, we report the generation and molecular characterization of an EphA4 conditional allele along with a novel null allele with a knockin fluorescent reporter gene (mCFP). The conditional allele will be useful in ascertaining postdevelopmental and/or cell type‐specific function of EphA4 in physiology, injury, and disease. genesis 48:101–105, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclic tests of four two‐story narrow steel plate shear walls—Part 1: Analytical studies and specimen design
Authors: Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Li Chao‐Hsien , Lin Chih‐Han , Tsai Ching‐Yi , Yu Yi‐Jer 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study consists of two parts. In this two‐part research, four two‐story narrow steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) were cyclically tested at the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in 2007. This paper, Part 1, proposes a capacity design method for the first‐story boundary column of the SPSW to ensure that the plastic hinges form at the column bottom ends when the SPSW develops the plastic mechanism. The design method was developed based on the superposition method considering the frame sway action and the panel force effects of the SPSW. Restrained steel plate shear wall (R‐SPSW) studied herein adopts pairs of the horizontal restrainers sandwiching over both sides of the infill panels and connected to the boundary columns. Analytical studies on four SPSW example designs using nonlinear finite element (FE) models and the simplified strip models confirm that the restrainers could also effectively reduce the column force demands and allow the infill panel to stretch more uniformly. In addition, the FE analytical studies verify the effectiveness of the proposed column capacity design method and the seismic design recommendations for the restrainer. This paper introduces the designs of the four narrow SPSW specimens, presenting the selections of the boundary beams and columns, the designs of the beam‐to‐column connections and the construction details of the restrainers. The experimental results, key observations and the design implications are reported in the companion paper. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test method for concrete spalling using small electric furnace
Authors: Zhao Ren , Sanjayan Jay G. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractConcrete spalling can cause severe damage to concrete structure when exposed to fire. The spalling mechanisms are not very well understood. For the testing of spalling, full‐scale structural members should be used, as spalling tests are sensitive to size effects. Full‐scale testing in large furnace is costly and is not suitable for testing large number of concrete mixture trials. The standard and hydrocarbon fire time–temperature curves have rapid temperature rise during the initial phase. This temperature rise requires a gas furnace with high heating capacity and cannot be generated by electric muffle furnace commonly available in many laboratories.This paper presents a method to carry out spalling test in small‐scale specimens with exposure to rapid temperature rise using a commonly available electric furnace in the laboratories. The tests are based on 150 mm diameter cylinders that are laterally confined to simulate full‐scale structural members. The cylinder surface is exposed to rapid temperature rise by exposing through vertical and/or horizontal holes in pre‐heated small electric furnace. Some unconfined 100 mm diameter cylinders were also exposed horizontally to test the performance of confinement. The paper shows that the hydrocarbon fire and standard fire exposure can be simulated by manipulating the exposure location of the surface of the concrete cylinder. Ordinary Portland cement concrete cylinders with different strengths were tested and different spalling patterns were observed. The spalling patterns matched the test results from a gas furnace fire test simulating the fire curves. The tests demonstrated that the method is an effective and convenient technique to predict the spalling risk of a concrete. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hippocampal signals for strong memory when associative memory is available and when it is not
Authors: Wais Peter E. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe paired‐associate task has been used with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in studies that assessed the role of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) subserving recollection and familiarity. Some researchers have interpreted their results to mean that the hippocampus selectively subserves recollection and not familiarity [cf., Eichenbaum et al., (2007) Annu Rev Neurosci 30:123–152]. Yet many of these results confound recollection and familiarity with strong and weak memories, and it is not clear whether the conclusions represent differences between memory processes or memory strength. In the current study, participants were scanned with fMRI during retrieval in a paired‐associate task, and a new approach separated the analysis of memory strength from the analysis of memory processes. The data were sorted by confidence level in an old/new task, and the high‐confidence responses were compared in categories when associative memory was highly accurate and when it was not available. The results show that high‐confidence memory produced increased activity in the hippocampus, relative to the level for forgotten pairs, both when associative memory was available and when it was not. Two interpretations are discussed for the behavioral results for when associative memory was not available: one account based on familiarity and the other account based on noncriterial recollection. The conclusion is that recognition of the word‐pairs was based on familiarity when associative memory was not available. Together with the fMRI results that activity in two regions associated with cognitive control (left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and left inferior parietal lobule) was greater when responses were based on associative memory than when based on familiarity, the findings suggest that the hippocampus supports strong memory and that cortical regions make an additional contribution to recollection. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphacan and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β expression mediates deafferentation‐induced synaptogenesis
Authors: Harris Janna L. , Reeves Thomas M. , Phillips Linda L. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis study documents the spatial and temporal expression of three structurally related chondroitin sulfated proteoglycans (CSPGs) during synaptic regeneration induced by brain injury. Using the unilateral entorhinal cortex (EC) lesion model of adaptive synaptogenesis, we documented mRNA and protein profiles of phosphacan and its two splice variants, full length receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β (RPTPβ) and the short transmembrane receptor form (sRPTPβ), at 2, 7, and 15 days postlesion. We report that whole hippocampal sRPTPβ protein and mRNA are persistently elevated over the first two weeks after UEC. As predicted, this transmembrane family member was localized adjacent to synaptic sites in the deafferented neuropil and showed increased distribution over that zone following lesion. By contrast, whole hippocampal phosphacan protein was not elevated with deafferentation; however, its mRNA was increased during the period of sprouting and synapse formation (7d). When the zone of synaptic reorganization was sampled using molecular layer/granule cell (ML/GCL) enriched dissections, we observed an increase in phosphacan protein at 7d, concurrent with the observed hippocampal mRNA elevation. Immunohistochemistry also showed a shift in phosphacan distribution from granule cell bodies to the deafferented ML at 2 and 7d postlesion. Phosphacan and sRPTPβ were not colocalized with glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), suggesting that reactive astrocytes were not a major source of either proteoglycan. While transcript for the developmentally prominent full length RPTPβ was also increased at 2 and 15d, its protein was not detected in our adult samples. These results indicate that phosphacan and RPTPβ splice variants participate in both the acute degenerative and long‐term regenerative phases of reactive synaptogenesis. These results suggest that increase in the transmembrane sRPTPβ tyrosine phosphatase activity is critical to this plasticity, and that local elevation of extracellular phosphacan influences dendritic organization during synaptogenesis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of hippocampal spatial representation in echolocating bats
Authors: Ulanovsky Nachum , Moss Cynthia F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe “place fields” of hippocampal pyramidal neurons are not static. For example, upon a contextual change in the environment, place fields may “remap” within typical timescales of ∼1 min. A few studies have shown more rapid dynamics in hippocampal activity, linked to internal processes, such as switches between spatial reference frames or changes within the theta cycle. However, little is known about rapid hippocampal place field dynamics in response to external, sensory stimuli. Here, we studied this question in big brown bats, echolocating mammals in which we can readily measure rapid changes in sensory dynamics (sonar signals), as well as rapid behavioral switches between distal and proximal exploratory modes. First, we show that place field size was modulated by the availability of sensory information, on a timescale of ∼300 ms: Bat hippocampal place fields were smallest immediately after an echolocation call, but place fields “diffused” with the passage of time after the call, when echo information was no longer arriving. Second, we show rapid modulation of hippocampal place fields as the animal switched between two exploratory modes. Third, we compared place fields and spatial view fields of individual neurons and found that place tuning was much more pronounced than spatial view tuning. In addition, dynamic fluctuations in spatial view tuning were stronger than fluctuations in place tuning. Taken together, these results suggest that spatial representation in mammalian hippocampus can be very rapidly modulated by external sensory and behavioral events. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term visuospatial retention unaffected by fornix transection
Authors: Chai Kwok Sze , Buckley Mark J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractAs part of an earlier experiment (Kwok and Buckley, 2009), six macaque monkeys (three with fornix transection and three unoperated controls) were trained postoperatively to discriminate a total of 104 new concurrent visuospatial conditional problems to criterion. Our experiment measured and compared long‐term retention of these problems with two separate one‐trial postoperative retention tests administered 3 and 15 months, respectively, after acquisition. All animals showed some degree of forgetting of these problems but all remembered above chance levels, even after 15 months. The amount forgotten by each group did not differ significantly at either time point. These results show that long‐term retention of visuospatial information is independent of the fornix. Similarities in resistance to forgetting are drawn between fornix‐transected macaques and patients with amnesia and the implications for clinical rehabilitation are discussed. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biotransformation of rifamycin B to rifamycin S using immobilised whole cells of Humicola spp. in a fluidised bed reactor
Authors: Lee Gyun M. , Choi Cha Y. , Park Jong M. , Han Moon H. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe biotransformation of rifamycin B to rifamycin S using immobilised whole cells of a Humicola sp. in a fluidised bed reactor exhibited a linear relationship between loading of the immobilised whole cells and conversion, in both batch and continuous operations; the conversion of rifamycin B was higher in batch than continuous operation for a given residence time. The immobilised whole cells were obtained by copolymerisation of the acetone‐dried cells with acrylamide. They showed maximum activity at pH 7.8 and 50°C. It was found that aeration effects on the reaction in continuous operation were different from those in batch operation for the same residence time. In batch operation, the conversion of rifamycin B to rifamycin S increased with increased rate of aeration and reached a constant maximum value at aeration rates above 20.8 vvm. In continuous operation, the steady state conversion reached a maximum value in the range of aeration rate between 5.8 and 12.5 vvm; beyond this range the steady state conversion decreased steadily owing to cell leakage. The half life for the operational stability at 40°C was about 13 h.
Enzyme immobilisation within insolubilised gelatin
Authors: Alteriis Elisabetta De , Parascandola Palma , Salvadore Sonia , Scardi Vincenzo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractA method originally developed for entrapping invertase‐active yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in gelatin has been extended to enzymes. Six enzymes belonging to three different classes were immobilised in gelatin made insoluble by formaldehyde. The activity yield of the resulting immobilised enzyme preparations ranged from 9.6 to 48.0%. These values, however, can be roughly doubled by crushing the immobilised enzyme particles into very small fragments, thus indicating that independently of enzyme sensitivity to formaldehyde or of enzyme interaction with gelatin, the limiting factor is mass transfer resistance to diffusion of substrate into the insolubilised gelatin matrix.
Solubilisation of gold by Cuhromobacterium violaceum
Authors: Smith Anthony D. , Hunt Raymond J. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractChromobacterium violaceum, a cyanogenic bacterium, has been shown to solubilise up to 215 parts × 10−6 gold from 1000 parts × 10−6 of the pure metal after 40 days incubation in nutrient medium. Cyanide is produced during the growth and stationary phase of culture and the solubilised gold species has been shown to be the complex anion [Au(CN)2]−.
Bioelectrochemical fuel‐cells operated by the cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis
Authors: Tanaka Kazuko , Tamamushi Reita , Ogawa Teruo 
Published: December 2009

AbstractSubstantial electric output was delivered from the bioelectrochemical fuel‐cells operated under anaerobic conditions by Anabaena variabilis strain M‐2 and 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone. There was a linear relationship between the coulombic output of the fuel‐cells operated in the dark and the glycogen content of the organisms. The coulombic output was increased substantially in the light; the increase was observed even in the absence of CO2. Oxygen was evolved by Anabaena cells under the operating conditions of the fuel‐cells. The results demonstrated that the source of electricity obtained from the fuel‐cells is endogenous glycogen in the dark and both glycogen and electrons produced by photosynthetic oxidation of water in the light.
The effect of pretreatment on the enzymic hydrolysis of cellulosic industrial waste
Authors: Toussaint Pierre , Bataille Pierre F. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThe enzymic hydrolysis of cellulosic waste material from industrial origins using commercial Tricoderma viride cellulase gave yields approaching 80% conversion following pretreatments. The yield was a function of the purity of the substrate and the pretreatments imposed. These included sterilisation, heating, ball‐milling and alkali treatment. Highest yields of glucose or enzyme hydrolysis were achieved with a 4% solka floc suspension following pretreatment in 5% alkali, when the enzyme mix was 0.22IU cm−3 of filter paper activity, 0.07IU cm−3Cx enzyme activity and 0.14IU cm−3 of β‐glucosidase activity. Kraft pulp also gave up to 75% yields by this method.
Achieving a Safety Culture in Obstetrics
Authors: DuPree Erin , O'Neill Loraine , Anderson Rebecca M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractPreventable maternal and neonatal mortalities still occur, despite the wonders of today's technologically advanced healthcare system. Delivering high‐quality, consistent care is the goal of every provider. Yet, obstetrical practice, in which unpredictable events and high‐risk situations are the norm, is particularly vulnerable to medical errors. Obstetrics departments should be striving for a climate of patient safety, one that includes a just, reporting, and learning culture. This article discusses the various components of a safety culture as well as some of the advances that are being made in the field to improve the quality of care in obstetrics. Mt Sinai J Med 76:529‐538, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Emerging Roles of Kruppel‐Like Factor 6 and Kruppel‐Like Factor 6 Splice Variant 1 in Ovarian Cancer Progression and Treatment
Authors: DiFeo Analisa , Narla Goutham , Martignetti John A. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic cancers and the fifth most frequent cause of female cancer deaths in the United States. Despite dramatic treatment successes in other cancers through the use of molecular agents targeted against genetically defined events driving cancer development and progression, very few insights into epithelial ovarian cancer have been translated from the laboratory to the clinic. If advances are to be made in the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of this disease, it will be critical to characterize the common and private (personalized) genetic defects underlying the development and spread of epithelial ovarian cancer. The tumor suppressor Kruppel‐like factor 6 and its alternatively spliced, oncogenic isoform, Kruppel‐like factor 6 splice variant 1, are members of the Kruppel‐like zinc finger transcription factor family of proteins, which have diverse roles in cellular differentiation, development, proliferation, growth‐related signal transduction, and apoptosis. Inactivation of Kruppel‐like factor 6 and overexpression of Kruppel‐like factor 6 splice variant 1 have been associated with the progression of a number of human cancers and even with patient survival. This article summarizes our recent findings demonstrating that a majority of epithelial ovarian cancer tumors have Kruppel‐like factor 6 allelic loss and decreased expression coupled with increased expression of Kruppel‐like factor 6 splice variant 1. The targeted reduction of Kruppel‐like factor 6 in ovarian cancer cell lines results in marked increases in cell proliferation, invasion, tumor growth, angiogenesis, and intraperitoneal dissemination in vivo. In contrast, the inhibition of Kruppel‐like factor 6 splice variant 1 decreases cellular proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and tumorigenicity; this provides the rationale for its potential therapeutic application. These results and our recent demonstration that the inhibition of Kruppel‐like factor 6 splice variant 1 can dramatically prolong survival in a preclinical mouse model of ovarian cancer are reviewed and discussed. Mt Sinai J Med 76:557‐566, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Current Surgical Management of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Grucela Alexis , Steinhagen Randolph M. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease is divided into 2 major disease entities: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by contiguous inflammation of the colorectal mucosa, always beginning in and involving the rectum and progressing for variable distances proximally within the colon. In ulcerative colitis, medical therapy, which is not curative, is directed at controlling symptoms and reducing the underlying inflammatory process. However, emergent or elective removal of the colon and rectum does cure the disease and also eliminates the possibility of developing a malignancy. Here we present the current surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis and issues in the management of ulcerative colitis. We discuss indications for surgical treatment, elective and emergent operative management, early and late complications of surgery, and functional results. Mt Sinai J Med 76:606‐612, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Erratum: Quantification of water diffusion and relaxation times of human U87 tumors in a mouse model
Authors: Sun Yanping , Mulkern Robert V. , Schmidt Karl , Doshi Sameer , Albert Mitchell S. , Schmidt Nils O. , Ziu Mateo , Black Peter , Carrol Rona , Kieran Mark W. 
Published: December 2009

AbstractThis paper (DOI: 10.1002/nbm.894) was published online on 22 September 2004 and was included in the October issue of that year (Vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 399–404).An error in the text has recently been discovered. The Experimental section on p. 400 should read as follows:For intracranial implantation, 1 × 105 U87 cells suspended in 10 µl of sterile phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) were injected into the right frontal hemisphere (3 mm anterior to the Bregma, 2 mm from the midline, and 3 mm deep) of all animals using a stereotactic fixation device (Stoelting, Wood Dale, IL, USA).