bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Equatorial Plasma Bubbles With SAMI3/WACCM‐X: September 2017 Storm
Authors: Huba J. D. , Lu G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe report results from a global simulation of the September 2017 geomagnetic storm. The global model comprises the ionospheric code SAMI3 and the atmosphere/thermosphere code WACCM‐X. We show that a train of large‐scale EPBs form in the Pacific sector during the storm recovery phase on 8 September 2017. The EPBs are associated with storm‐induced modification of the zonal and meridional winds. These changes lead to an eastward electric field which in turn causes an upward E × B drift in the post‐midnight sector. A large decrease in the Pedersen conductance caused by meridional equatorward winds leads to an increase in the growth rate of the generalized Rayleigh‐Taylor instability that causes EPBs to develop. Interestingly, several EPBs reach altitudes above 3,000 km.
Deciphering Multi‐Scale Submarine Groundwater Discharge in a Typical Eutrophic Bay
Authors: Xu Haowei , Xu Bochao , Yu Huaming , Zhao Shibin , Burnett William C. , Yao Qinzhen , Dimova Natasha T. , Song Shasha , Guo Xiaoyi , Chen Xiaogang , Zhang Honghai , Yu Zhigang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs a significant source of nutrients and other components into the coastal ocean, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a combination of multiple spatial‐temporal scale processes, including fresh terrestrial groundwater (FSGD), recirculating seawater (RSGD), and porewater exchange (PEX). Quantifying the different types of SGD is extremely important for understanding the coastal biogeochemical cycles of various materials. The green tide bloom in the southern Yellow Sea (China) has attracted increasing attention during the past decade. Haizhou Bay is thought to be an important green tide proliferating area, but the source of an apparent high supply of nutrients has not been identified yet. We report here on our investigations of the distribution patterns of Ra and Rn isotopes in groundwater and seawater in Haizhou Bay. By solving a combined mass balance for 224Ra, 223Ra, 226Ra, and 222Rn, we estimated that the bay's water residence time is 28.8 days, FSGD is highest at 3.6 cm d−1, RSGD is 2.7 cm d−1, and PEX is lowest at 0.6 cm d−1. The total SGD into Haizhou Bay is estimated at 9.40 × 107 m3 d−1 (6.9 cm d−1), about 12 times that of the local river discharge into the bay. SGD‐derived nutrients are shown to play an important role when considered among all known nutrient sources. Our results suggest that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and silicate (DSi) are transported by SGD mainly via FSGD. We also note that the phosphorus (DIP) budget is heavily influenced by RSGD.
Maternal exercise increases infant resting energy expenditure: preliminary results
Authors: Jevtovic Filip , Collier David N. , DeVente James , Mouro Steven , Claiborne Alex , Wisseman Breanna , Steen Dylan , Kern Kara , Broskey Nicholas , May Linda E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaternal obesity is associated with lower infant resting energy expenditure (REE), predisposing them to more rapid weight and adiposity gain through early infancy. Maternal exercise (ME) decreases infant adiposity and risk for childhood obesity; however, it remains unknown if this is in part mediated by changes in infant energy expenditure. Thus, we measured REE in 1-month-old infants from pregnant individuals who performed moderate-intensity exercise during pregnancy and compared it to infants from non-exercising controls. We observed higher oxygen respiratory rates (p = 0.003 for VO2 and p = 0.007 for VCO2) and REE (p = 0.002) in infants exposed to exercise in utero, independent of any differences in infant body composition. Furthermore, maternal BMI was significantly and inversely associated with infant REE in the control (r = −0.86, R2 = 0.74, p = 0.029), but not the exercise group (r = 0.33, R2 = 0.11, p = 0.473). Together, these findings associate ME with increasing infant energy expenditure which could be protective of subsequent infant adiposity gain. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03838146 and NCT04805502.
Associations between perinatal risk and physical health in pre-adolescence in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®: the unexpected relationship with sleep disruption
Authors: Adise Shana , Palmer Clare E. , Sheth Chandni , Marshall Andrew T. , Baker Fiona C. , Brown Sandra A. , Chang Linda , Clark Duncan B. , Dagher Rada K. , Diaz Vanessa , Haist Frank , Herting Megan M. , Huber Rebekah S. , LeBlanc Kimberly , Lee Karen C. , Liang Huajan , Linkersdörfer Janosch , Lisdahl Krista M. , Ma Jiyoung , Neigh Gretchen , Patterson Megan W. , Renshaw Perry , Rhee Kyung E. , Smith Calen , Tapert Susan F. , Thompson Wesley K. , Uban Kristina A. , Yurgelun-Todd Deborah , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
To investigate relationships among different physical health problems in a large, sociodemographically diverse sample of 9-to-10-year-old children and determine the extent to which perinatal health factors are associated with childhood physical health problems.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development℠ (ABCD) Study (n = 7613, ages 9-to-10-years-old) to determine the associations among multiple physical health factors (e.g., prenatal complications, current physical health problems). Logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, pubertal development, household income, caregiver education, race, and ethnicity evaluated relationships between perinatal factors and childhood physical health problems.

Results
There were significant associations between perinatal and current physical health measures. Specifically, those who had experienced perinatal complications were more likely to have medical problems by 9-to-10 years old. Importantly, sleep disturbance co-occurred with several physical health problems across domains and developmental periods.

Conclusion
Several perinatal health factors were associated with childhood health outcomes, highlighting the importance of understanding and potentially improving physical health in youth. Understanding the clustering of physical health problems in youth is essential to better identify which physical health problems may share underlying mechanisms.

Impact

Using a multivariable approach, we investigated the associations between various perinatal and current health problems amongst youth.

Our study highlights current health problems, such as sleep problems at 9-to-10 years old, that are associated with a cluster of factors occurring across development (e.g., low birth weight, prenatal substance exposure, pregnancy complications, current weight status, lifetime head injury).

Perinatal health problems are at large, non-modifiable (in this retrospective context), however, by identifying which are associated with current health problems, we can identify potential targets for intervention and prevention efforts.
Improving the efficacy and effectiveness of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Authors: Chacko Anil , Merrill Brittany M. , Kofler Michael J. , Fabiano Gregory A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, chronic, and impairing mental health disorder of childhood. Decades of empirical research has established a strong evidence-based intervention armamentarium for ADHD; however, limitations exist in regards to efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions. We provide an overview of select evidence-based interventions for children and adolescents, highlighting potential approaches to further improving the efficacy and effectiveness of these interventions. We conclude with broader recommendations for interventions, including considerations to moderators and under-explored intervention target areas as well as avenues to improve access and availability of evidence-based interventions through leveraging underutilized workforces and leveraging technology.
Inflammatory mediators in major depression and bipolar disorder
Authors: Poletti Sara , Mazza Mario Gennaro , Benedetti Francesco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are highly disabling illnesses defined by different psychopathological, neuroimaging, and cognitive profiles. In the last decades, immune dysregulation has received increasing attention as a central factor in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Several aspects of immune dysregulations have been investigated, including, low-grade inflammation cytokines, chemokines, cell populations, gene expression, and markers of both peripheral and central immune activation. Understanding the distinct immune profiles characterizing the two disorders is indeed of crucial importance for differential diagnosis and the implementation of personalized treatment strategies. In this paper, we reviewed the current literature on the dysregulation of the immune response system focusing our attention on studies using inflammatory markers to discriminate between MDD and BD. High heterogeneity characterized the available literature, reflecting the heterogeneity of the disorders. Common alterations in the immune response system include high pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. On the contrary, a greater involvement of chemokines and markers associated with innate immunity has been reported in BD together with dynamic changes in T cells with differentiation defects during childhood which normalize in adulthood, whereas classic mediators of immune responses such as IL-4 and IL-10 are present in MDD together with signs of immune-senescence.
Chiral dinitrogen ligand enabled asymmetric Pd/norbornene cooperative catalysis toward the assembly of C–N axially chiral scaffolds
Authors: Jin Liang , Li Ya , Mao Yihui , He Xiao-Bao , Lu Zhan , Zhang Qi , Shi Bing-Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractC − N axially chiral compounds have recently attracted significant interest among synthetic chemistry community due to their widespread application in pharmaceuticals, advanced materials and organic synthesis. Although the emerging asymmetric Catellani reaction offers great opportunity for their modular and efficient preparation, the only operative chiral NBE strategy to date requires using half stoichiometric amount of chiral NBE and 2,6-disubstituted bromoarenes as electrophiles. We herein report an efficient assembly of C–N axially chiral scaffolds through a distinct chiral ligand strategy. The crucial chiral source, a biimidazoline (BiIM) chiral dinitrogen ligand, is used in relatively low loading and permits the use of less bulky bromoarenes. The method also features the use of feedstock plain NBE, high reactivity, good enantioselectivity, ease of operation and scale-up. Applications in the preparation of chiral optoelectronic material candidates featuring two C–N chiral axes and a chiral ligand for asymmetric C–H activation have also been demonstrated.
Ultra-high-granularity detector simulation with intra-event aware generative adversarial network and self-supervised relational reasoning
Authors: Hashemi Baran , Hartmann Nikolai , Sharifzadeh Sahand , Kahn James , Kuhr Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSimulating high-resolution detector responses is a computationally intensive process that has long been challenging in Particle Physics. Despite the ability of generative models to streamline it, full ultra-high-granularity detector simulation still proves to be difficult as it contains correlated and fine-grained information. To overcome these limitations, we propose Intra-Event Aware Generative Adversarial Network (IEA-GAN). IEA-GAN presents a Transformer-based Relational Reasoning Module that approximates an event in detector simulation, generating contextualized high-resolution full detector responses with a proper relational inductive bias. IEA-GAN also introduces a Self-Supervised intra-event aware loss and Uniformity loss, significantly enhancing sample fidelity and diversity. We demonstrate IEA-GAN’s application in generating sensor-dependent images for the ultra-high-granularity Pixel Vertex Detector (PXD), with more than 7.5 M information channels at the Belle II Experiment. Applications of this work span from Foundation Models for high-granularity detector simulation, such as at the HL-LHC (High Luminosity LHC), to simulation-based inference and fine-grained density estimation.
Efficient self-organization of informal public transport networks
Authors: Mittal Kush Mohan , Timme Marc , Schröder Malte 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Global South, encompassing more than 80% of the world population, heavily relies on informal paratransit services with ad-hoc routes. Yet, it remains unclear how efficiently such informal public transport services organize and operate. Here, we analyze and compare the structural efficiency of more than 7000 formal and informal bus service routes in 36 cities across 22 countries globally. Intriguingly, informal transport self-organizes in ways at or above efficiency levels of centralized services. They exhibit fewer detours, more uniform paths, and comparable interconnectivities, all while remaining profitable without the major subsidies common in the Global North. These insights challenge the global perception of informal transport as an inferior alternative to centrally organized services. More generally, analyzing large-scale microscopic transport data and condensing them into informative macroscopic observables may qualitatively improve system understanding and reveal specific options to create more accessible, efficient, and sustainable public transport solutions.
Rapidly damping hydrogels engineered through molecular friction
Authors: Xu Zhengyu , Lu Jiajun , Lu Di , Li Yiran , Lei Hai , Chen Bin , Li Wenfei , Xue Bin , Cao Yi , Wang Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHydrogels capable of swift mechanical energy dissipation hold promise for a range of applications including impact protection, shock absorption, and enhanced damage resistance. Traditional energy absorption in such materials typically relies on viscoelastic mechanisms, involving sacrificial bond breakage, yet often suffers from prolonged recovery times. Here, we introduce a hydrogel designed for friction-based damping. This hydrogel features an internal structure that facilitates the motion of a chain walker within its network, effectively dissipating mechanical stress. The hydrogel network architecture allows for rapid restoration of its damping capacity, often within seconds, ensuring swift material recovery post-deformation. We further demonstrate that this hydrogel can significantly shield encapsulated cells from mechanical trauma under repetitive compression, owing to its proficient energy damping and rapid rebound characteristics. Therefore, this hydrogel has potential for dynamic load applications like artificial muscles and synthetic cartilage, expanding the use of hydrogel dampers in biomechanics and related areas.
Intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics by redistributing strain to PEDOT:PSS with enhanced stretchability and interfacial adhesion
Authors: Wang Jiachen , Ochiai Yuto , Wu Niannian , Adachi Kiyohiro , Inoue Daishi , Hashizume Daisuke , Kong Desheng , Matsuhisa Naoji , Yokota Tomoyuki , Wu Qiang , Ma Wei , Sun Lulu , Xiong Sixing , Du Baocai , Wang Wenqing , Shih Chih-Jen , Tajima Keisuke , Aida Takuzo , Fukuda Kenjiro , Someya Takao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics have emerged as a prominent candidate for the next-generation wearable power generators regarding their structural design flexibility, omnidirectional stretchability, and in-plane deformability. However, formulating strategies to fabricate intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics that exhibit mechanical robustness under both repetitive strain cycles and high tensile strains remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate high-performance intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics with an initial power conversion efficiency of 14.2%, exceptional stretchability (80% of the initial power conversion efficiency maintained at 52% tensile strain), and cyclic mechanical durability (95% of the initial power conversion efficiency retained after 100 strain cycles at 10%). The stretchability is primarily realised by delocalising and redistributing the strain in the active layer to a highly stretchable PEDOT:PSS electrode developed with a straightforward incorporation of ION E, which simultaneously enhances the stretchability of PEDOT:PSS itself and meanwhile reinforces the interfacial adhesion with the polyurethane substrate. Both enhancements are pivotal factors ensuring the excellent mechanical durability of the PEDOT:PSS electrode, which further effectively delays the crack initiation and propagation in the top active layer, and enables the limited performance degradation under high tensile strains and repetitive strain cycles.
Efficient site-specific integration of large genes in mammalian cells via continuously evolved recombinases and prime editing
Authors: Pandey Smriti , Gao Xin D. , Krasnow Nicholas A. , McElroy Amber , Tao Y. Allen , Duby Jordyn E. , Steinbeck Benjamin J. , McCreary Julia , Pierce Sarah E. , Tolar Jakub , Meissner Torsten B. , Chaikof Elliot L. , Osborn Mark J. , Liu David R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Methods for the targeted integration of genes in mammalian genomes suffer from low programmability, low efficiencies or low specificities. Here we show that phage-assisted continuous evolution enhances prime-editing-assisted site-specific integrase gene editing (PASSIGE), which couples the programmability of prime editing with the ability of recombinases to precisely integrate large DNA cargoes exceeding 10 kilobases. Evolved and engineered Bxb1 recombinase variants (evoBxb1 and eeBxb1) mediated up to 60% donor integration (3.2-fold that of wild-type Bxb1) in human cell lines with pre-installed recombinase landing sites. In single-transfection experiments at safe-harbour and therapeutically relevant sites, PASSIGE with eeBxb1 led to an average targeted-gene-integration efficiencies of 23% (4.2-fold that of wild-type Bxb1). Notably, integration efficiencies exceeded 30% at multiple sites in primary human fibroblasts. PASSIGE with evoBxb1 or eeBxb1 outperformed PASTE (for ‘programmable addition via site-specific targeting elements’, a method that uses prime editors fused to recombinases) on average by 9.1-fold and 16-fold, respectively. PASSIGE with continuously evolved recombinases is an unusually efficient method for the targeted integration of genes in mammalian cells.
Chromosome-level genome assembly of the freshwater mussel Sinosolenaia oleivora (Heude, 1877)
Authors: Ma Xueyan , Jin Wu , Chen Wanwen , Liu Qian , Jiang Haizhou , Zhou Yanfeng , Xu Pao , Wen Haibo , Xu Dongpo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSinosolenaia oleivora (Bivalve, Unionida, Unionidae), is a near-endangered edible mussel. In 2022, it was selected by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs as a top-ten aquatic germplasm resource, with potential for industrial development. Using Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C technology, a high-quality chromosome-level genome of S. oleivora was assembled. The assembled S. oleivora genome spanned 2052.29 Mb with a contig N50 size of 20.36 Mb and a scaffold N50 size of 103.57 Mb. The 302 contigs, accounting for 98.41% of the total assembled genome, were anchored into 19 chromosomes using Hi-C scaffolding. A total of 1171.78 Mb repeat sequences were annotated and 22,971 protein-coding genes were predicted. Compared with the nearest ancestor, a total of 603 expanded and 1767 contracted gene families were found. This study provides important genomic resources for conservation, evolutionary research, and genetic improvements of many economic traits like growth performance.
Low salinity water flooding: estimating relative permeability and capillary pressure using coupling of particle swarm optimization and machine learning technique
Authors: Khosravi Razieh , Simjoo Mohammad , Chahardowli Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe reservoir’s properties are required for proper reservoir simulation, which also involves uncertainties. Experimental methods to estimate the relative permeability and capillary pressure data are expensive and time-consuming. This study aims to determine the relative permeability and capillary pressure functions of a sandstone core in the presence and absence of clay during low-salinity water floods. The data were provided by automatic history matching the results from previously lab-reported studies through coupling a simulator with the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Correlations were proposed using multiple-linear regression for relative permeability and capillary pressure parameters at low-salinity conditions. They were validated against experimental results of no clay and clayey formation with regression of 95% and 97%. To assign one curve of relative permeability and capillary pressure to the grid cells of the simulator, averaging techniques were implemented. The effect of salinity and clay content on the obtained curves was investigated. Changing salinity from 42000 to 4000 ppm, the reduction in water relative permeability appeared to be higher than the oil relative permeability increment. Moreover, a noticeable shift in the relative permeability curves toward the highest saturations related to the clay content was observed. The proposed hybrid method could be a suitable tool to estimate the relative permeability and capillary pressure functions of the water-based EOR methods.
Discovery of RXFP2 genetic association in resistant hypertensive men and RXFP2 antagonists for the treatment of resistant hypertension
Authors: Zhang Shan-Shan , Larrabee Lance , Chang Andrew H. , Desai Sapna , Sloan Lisa , Wang Xin , Wu Yixuan , Parvez Nazia , Amaratunga Karen , Hartman Allison C. , Whitnall Abby , Mason Joseph , Barton Nicholas P. , Chu Audrey Y. , Davitte Jonathan M. , Csakai Adam J. , Tibbetts Caitlin Vestal , Tolbert Audrey E. , O’Keefe Heather , Polanco Jessie , Foley Joseph , Kmett Casey , Kehler Jonathan , Kozejova Gabriela , Wang Feng , Mayer Andrew P. , Koenig Patrick , Foletti Davide , Pitts Steven J. , Schnackenberg Christine G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHypertension remains a leading cause of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Failure to control blood pressure with ≥ 3 medications or control requiring ≥ 4 medications is classified as resistant hypertension (rHTN) and new therapies are needed to reduce the resulting increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Here, we report genetic evidence that relaxin family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2) is associated with rHTN in men, but not in women. This study shows that adrenal gland gene expression of RXFP2 is increased in men with hypertension and the RXFP2 natural ligand, INSL3, increases adrenal steroidogenesis and corticosteroid secretion in human adrenal cells. To address the hypothesis that RXFP2 activation is an important mechanism in rHTN, we discovered and characterized small molecule and monoclonal antibody (mAb) blockers of RXFP2. The novel chemical entities and mAbs show potent, selective inhibition of RXFP2 and reduce aldosterone and cortisol synthesis and release. The RXFP2 mAbs have suitable rat pharmacokinetic profiles to evaluate the role of RXFP2 in the development and maintenance of rHTN. Overall, we identified RXFP2 activity as a potential new mechanism in rHTN and discovered RXFP2 antagonists for the future interrogation of RXFP2 in cardiovascular and renal diseases.