bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary inflammatory index is associated with severe depression in older adults with stroke: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Wang Yubin , Xie Xia , Gao Yuan , Zhang Yurong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of stroke and depression. We aimed to investigate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and depression in American adults with stroke. Adults with stroke were enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2005 and 2018 in the USA. The DII was obtained from a 24-h dietary recall interview for each individual. Multivariate regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between DII and depression in adults with stroke. The mean age of the 1239 participants was 63·85 years (50·20 % women), and the prevalence of depression was 18·26 %. DII showed a linear and positive association with severe depression in adults with stroke (OR 1·359; 95 % CI 1·021, 1·810; P for non-linearity = 0·493). Compared with those in the lowest tertile of the DII, adults with stroke in the third tertile of the DII had a 3·222-fold higher risk of severe depression (OR 3·222; 95 % CI 1·150, 9·026). In the stratified analyses, the association between DII score and severe depression was more significant in older adults (P for interaction = 0·010) but NS with respect to sex (P for interaction = 0·184) or smoking status (P for interaction = 0·396). No significant association was found between DII and moderate-to-moderately severe depression in adults with stroke. In conclusion, an increase in DII score was associated with a higher likelihood of severe depression in older adults with stroke.
The mediating role of health behaviors in the association between depression, anxiety and cancer incidence: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Pan Kuan-Yu , van Tuijl Lonneke , Basten Maartje , Rijnhart Judith J. M. , de Graeff Alexander , Dekker Joost , Geerlings Mirjam I. , Hoogendoorn Adriaan , Ranchor Adelita V. , Vermeulen Roel , Portengen Lützen , Voogd Adri C. , Abell Jessica , Awadalla Philip , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , Bjerkeset Ottar , Boyd Andy , Cui Yunsong , Frank Philipp , Galenkamp Henrike , Garssen Bert , Hellingman Sean , Hollander Monika , Huisman Martijn , Huss Anke , Keats Melanie R. , Kok Almar A. L. , Krokstad Steinar , van Leeuwen Flora E. , Luik Annemarie I. , Noisel Nolwenn , Payette Yves , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , Picavet Susan , Rissanen Ina , Roest Annelieke M. , Rosmalen Judith G. M. , Ruiter Rikje , Schoevers Robert A. , Soave David , Spaan Mandy , Steptoe Andrew , Stronks Karien , Sund Erik R. , Sweeney Ellen , Teyhan Alison , Twait Emma L. , van der Willik Kimberly D. , Lamers Femke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough behavioral mechanisms in the association among depression, anxiety, and cancer are plausible, few studies have empirically studied mediation by health behaviors. We aimed to examine the mediating role of several health behaviors in the associations among depression, anxiety, and the incidence of various cancer types (overall, breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, smoking-related, and alcohol-related cancers).MethodsTwo-stage individual participant data meta-analyses were performed based on 18 cohorts within the Psychosocial Factors and Cancer Incidence consortium that had a measure of depression or anxiety (N = 319 613, cancer incidence = 25 803). Health behaviors included smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol use, body mass index (BMI), sedentary behavior, and sleep duration and quality. In stage one, path-specific regression estimates were obtained in each cohort. In stage two, cohort-specific estimates were pooled using random-effects multivariate meta-analysis, and natural indirect effects (i.e. mediating effects) were calculated as hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsSmoking (HRs range 1.04–1.10) and physical inactivity (HRs range 1.01–1.02) significantly mediated the associations among depression, anxiety, and lung cancer. Smoking was also a mediator for smoking-related cancers (HRs range 1.03–1.06). There was mediation by health behaviors, especially smoking, physical inactivity, alcohol use, and a higher BMI, in the associations among depression, anxiety, and overall cancer or other types of cancer, but effects were small (HRs generally below 1.01).ConclusionsSmoking constitutes a mediating pathway linking depression and anxiety to lung cancer and smoking-related cancers. Our findings underline the importance of smoking cessation interventions for persons with depression or anxiety.
Key Learnings from ‘Seniors of Canada’: A Community Project Aimed to Disrupt Ageism
Authors: Hatzifilalithis Stephanie , Weldrick Rachel , Harvey Kelsey 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVisual representations of aging have historically relied upon binarized clichés: idealized youthfulness versus frailty and illness. To challenge these oversimplified depictions, graduate students developed a community outreach project titled ‘Seniors of Canada’. The aim of this project was twofold: (1) share images and stories of people in later life; and (2) challenge dominant narratives and stereotypes of aging. In this note, we outline the prevailing discourse of what aging ‘looks like’, how we collected stories and images, and implications for knowledge mobilization and research in Canada. This article highlights insights gained since the inception of the project, including three key learnings: (1) Building bridges across academia and community, (2) Intergenerational connection and digital tools, and (3) The power of visual storytelling. We provide a practical overview of a successful knowledge mobilization/community outreach project and showcase the power of bridging academia and community for social change.
Framing Later Life Vulnerability during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Content Analysis of Newspaper Coverage in Canada and the United States
Authors: Penning Margaret J. , Browning Sean D. , Haq Kazi Sabrina , Kidd Bodhin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores vulnerability narratives used in relation to older adults and others during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-method content analysis was conducted of 391 articles published in two major newspapers in Canada and the USA during the first wave of the pandemic. The findings indicated that during the early months of the pandemic, limited attention was directed towards its impact on older adults or other ‘vulnerable’ subpopulations in both countries. Where evident, intrinsic (individual-level) risk factors were most consistently used to frame the vulnerability of older adults. In contrast, vulnerability was more likely to be framed as structural with regard to other subpopulations (e.g., ethno-racial minorities). These narratives also differed somewhat in Canadian and US newspapers. The framing of older adults as intrinsically vulnerable reflects ageist stereotypes and promotes downstream policy interventions. Greater attention is needed to the role of structural factors in influencing pandemic-related outcomes among older adults.
Habitat restoration to conserve the Little Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus nanus on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos
Authors: Anchundia David J. , Green Rhys , Pike Courtney L. , Gutiérrez George , Pibaque Peter , Chango Rafael , Sevilla Christian , Fessl Birgit , Tebbich Sabine 
Published: April 2024

Summary
The endemic Little Vermilion Flycatcher (LVF) Pyrocephalus nanus has suffered a drastic decline on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, where it was common 30 years ago. Currently, fewer than 40 individuals remain in the last remnants of natural humid forest in the Galapagos National Park on the island. This small population has low reproductive success, which is contributing to its decline in Santa Cruz. Previous studies have identified Avian Vampire Fly Philornis downsi parasitism, changes in food sources, and habitat alteration as threats to this species. In Santa Cruz, invasive plants may strongly affect the reproductive success of LVF because they limit accessibility to prey near the ground, the preferred foraging niche of these birds. Since 2019, we restored the vegetation in seven plots of 1 ha each by removing invasive blackberry plants and other introduced plant species. In all nests that reached late incubation, we also reduced the number of Avian Vampire Fly larvae. In this study, we compared foraging and perch height, pair formation, incubation time, and reproductive success between managed and unmanaged areas. As predicted, we found significantly lower foraging height and perch height in 2021 in managed areas compared with unmanaged areas. In 2020, the daily failure rate (DFR) of nests in the egg stage did not differ between management types; however, in 2021, the DFR in the egg stage was significantly lower in managed areas than in unmanaged areas. The DFR during the nestling stage was similar between managed and unmanaged areas in 2020, but in 2021, only nests in managed areas reached the nestling stage. Females brooded significantly more during the incubation phase in managed areas. Additionally, we found significantly higher reproductive success in managed areas compared with unmanaged areas in 2021, but not in 2020. Habitat restoration is a long-term process and these findings suggest that habitat management positively affects this small population in the long term.
Turán problems in pseudorandom graphs
Authors: Liu Xizhi , Mubayi Dhruv , Munhá Correia David 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGiven a graph
$F$
, we consider the problem of determining the densest possible pseudorandom graph that contains no copy of
$F$
. We provide an embedding procedure that improves a general result of Conlon, Fox, and Zhao which gives an upper bound on the density. In particular, our result implies that optimally pseudorandom graphs with density greater than
$n^{-1/3}$
must contain a copy of the Peterson graph, while the previous best result gives the bound
$n^{-1/4}$
. Moreover, we conjecture that the exponent
$1/3$
in our bound is tight. We also construct the densest known pseudorandom
$K_{2,3}$
-free graphs that are also triangle-free. Finally, we give a different proof for the densest known construction of clique-free pseudorandom graphs due to Bishnoi, Ihringer, and Pepe that they have no large clique.
After the Türkiye Earthquake: The Experience of a Pediatric Emergency Department in a University Hospital Distant from the Disaster Area
Authors: Akbaba Burcu , Yiğit Hande , Güngör Emre , Kaynak Mustafa O. , Kahya Hafize H. , Birbilen Ahmet Z. , Kesici Selman , Düzova Ali , Bayrakçı Benan , Tekşam Özlem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Earthquakes rank among the most deadly natural disasters, and children are particularly affected due to their inherent vulnerability. Following an earthquake, there is a substantial increase in visits to emergency services. These visits stem not only from patients seeking care for physical traumas resulting from the earthquake and its subsequent complications, but also from individuals affected by the circumstances created by the disaster.Study Objective:This study aims to determine the characteristics and outcomes of children who presented to the pediatric emergency department (PED) after the earthquake and to evaluate children who had crush injuries at a referral tertiary university hospital away from the earthquake area.Methods:The medical records of children who presented to the PED from the earthquake area from February 6 through March 7, 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Children rescued from under rubble were categorized as Group 1, those affected by earthquake conditions as Group 2, and patients seeking medical attention due to the follow-up of chronic illnesses were considered as Group 3. Patient data, including sociodemographic characteristics, time period under rubble (TPR), laboratory findings, and details of medical and surgical procedures, developing acute kidney injury (AKI), and the requirement for hemodialysis were recorded.Results:A total of 252 children were enrolled in the study, with 52 (20.6%) in Group 1, 180 (71.4%) in Group 2, and 16 (6.0%) in Group 3. The median age was six (IQR = 1.7-12.1) years. In the first group (n = 52), 46 (85.2%) children experienced crush injuries, 25 children (46.3%) developed crush syndrome, and 14 of them (14/25; 56.0%) required dialysis. In the second group, the most common diagnoses were upper respiratory tract infections (n = 69; 37.9%), acute gastroenteritis (n = 23; 12.6%), simple physical trauma (n = 16; 8.8%), and lower respiratory tract infections (n = 13; 7.1%). For children in the third group, pediatric neurology (n = 5; 33.3%), pediatric oncology (n = 4; 25.0%), and pediatric nephrology (n = 3; 18.8%) were the most frequently referred specialties.Conclusion:Crush injuries, crush syndrome, and AKI were the most common problems in the early days following the earthquake. Along with these patients, children who were affected by the environmental conditions caused by the earthquake, as well as children with chronic illnesses, also accounted for a significant portion of visits to the PED, even if they were distant from the disaster area.
Brain Injury Associated Shock: An Under-Recognized and Challenging Prehospital Phenomenon
Authors: Partyka Christopher , Alexiou Alexander , Williams John , Bliss Jimmy , Miller Matthew , Ferguson Ian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjective:Hemodynamic collapse in multi-trauma patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for prehospital clinicians. Brain injury associated shock (BIAS), likely resulting from catecholamine storm, can cause both ventricular dysfunction and vasoplegia but may present clinically in a manner similar to hemorrhagic shock. Despite different treatment strategies, few studies exist describing this phenomenon in the early post-injury phase. This retrospective observational study aimed to describe the frequency of shock in isolated TBI in prehospital trauma patients and to compare their clinical characteristics to those patients with hemorrhagic shock and TBI without shock.Methods:All prehospital trauma patients intubated by prehospital medical teams from New South Wales Ambulance Aeromedical Operations (NSWA-AO) with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 12 or less were investigated. Shock was defined as a pre-intubation systolic blood pressure under 90mmHg and the administration of blood products or vasopressors. Injuries were classified from in-hospital computed tomography (CT) reports. From this, three study groups were derived: BIAS, hemorrhagic shock, and isolated TBI without shock. Descriptive statistics were then produced for clinical and treatment variables.Results:Of 1,292 intubated patients, 423 had an initial GCS of 12 or less, 24 patients (5.7% of the original cohort) had shock with an isolated TBI, and 39 patients had hemorrhagic shock. The hemodynamic parameters were similar amongst these groups, including values of tachycardia, hypotension, and elevated shock index. Prehospital clinical interventions including blood transfusion and total fluids administered were also similar, suggesting they were indistinguishable to prehospital clinicians.Conclusions:Hemodynamic compromise in the setting of isolated severe TBI is a rare clinical entity. Current prehospital physiological data available to clinicians do not allow for easy delineation between these patients from those with hemorrhagic shock.
The long-term effects of natural disasters on human capital accumulation: a quasi-natural experiment based on the Yellow River floodplain area
Authors: Yu Weihua , Hu Jingjing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study exploits the correlation between Yellow River flooding and human capital accumulation using county-level data from Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, and Shandong provinces in China. Employing a spatial regression discontinuity approach, we compare the differences in human capital accumulation within and beyond the Yellow River floodplain areas (YRFA). Empirical results show human capital accumulation in the YRFA is at least 12.1 percent lower than outside the YRFA. Furthermore, our results demonstrate intergenerational transmission and gender differences in the negative impact of the Yellow River flooding on human capital accumulation. The baseline specifications of this study are not affected by drought and overall natural disasters. This paper documents historical human capital accumulation, clan power, and social trust, through which Yellow River flooding has a long-term impact.
Inflammatory potential of diet and mortality in Australian adults
Authors: Majidi Azam , Hughes Maria Celia B , Webb Imogen K , Miura Kyoko , van der Pols Jolieke C 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Inflammation is implicated in chronic diseases including cancer and CVD, which are major causes of mortality. Diet can influence inflammation status. We therefore examined whether the inflammatory potential of a person’s diet is associated with mortality.

Design:
The inflammatory potential of the usual diet was assessed by calculating Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores from repeated FFQ data (collected in 1992, 1994 and 1996), placing each participant’s diet on a continuum from anti- to pro-inflammatory. DII scores were analysed as a continuous variable and as categories by creating quartile groups. Death registry data were used to ascertain all-cause mortality and separately mortality from CVD, cancers and other causes between 1992 and 2022. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95 % CI, comparing higher and lowest quartile groups, or HR change per one DII unit increase.

Setting:
Nambour, Australia.

Participants:
A community-based sample of 1440 adults aged 25–75 years.

Results:
During follow-up, 488 participants died, including 188 from CVD, 151 from cancer and 170 from other causes. Participants in the most pro-inflammatory diet group were at increased risk of all-cause mortality (HRQ4 v. Q1 = 1·55; 95 % CI 1·19, 2·03; P < 0·001) and other-cause mortality (HRQ4 v. Q1 = 1·69; 95 % CI 1·12, 2·54; P 0·01). A one-unit increase in DII score was associated with a 36 % increased risk of CVD among those younger than 55 years of age (HR for a one-unit increase in DII score 1·36, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·78). The risk of cancer mortality was also increased for those with a more pro-inflammatory diet in age ≤ 55 years (HR for a one-unit increase in DII score 1·20, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·40) and age 56–65 years (HR for a one-unit increase in DII score 1·11, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·23).

Conclusions:
A pro-inflammatory diet increases the risk of all-cause mortality. Our results support the promotion of anti-inflammatory diets to help promote longevity.
Globalization, welfare, and inequality: Evidence from transoceanic market integration, 1815–1913
Authors: Chilosi David , Federico Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article contributes to the growing historical literature on the ‘first globalization’ (1815–1913) and income inequality in countries that exported agricultural products. International market integration is expected to increase the demand for exports and therefore their prices. We estimate the effects of increased prices from international market integration on national welfare and income inequality between and within regions in three major exporters of agricultural products—British India, Colonial Indonesia, and the United States—using the prices of eleven key primary commodities. Market integration significantly increased aggregate welfare, but the gains were unevenly distributed. Producing regions gained up to nearly 6% of their GDP. Since the regions that made most welfare gains were also the poorest in their countries, market integration mitigated inequality between regions. Within the southern United States and Java, plantation owners obtained most gains, causing a substantial increase in inequality between persons.
Dual-narrowband bandpass filter with exact equations of scattering parameters
Authors: Najafi Masoud , Hazeri Ali Reza 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, a new microstrip dual-narrowband bandpass filter employing parallel-coupled transmission lines and open stubs is presented, investigated, and fabricated. The proposed dual-narrowband bandpass filter is analyzed and its exact scattering parameters are calculated, simulated, and measured. So, calculated scattering parameters offer a deep inside view of the performance of the proposed filter. To analyze the proposed filter, the even- and odd-mode excitation are utilized. The input impedance under even- and odd-mode excitation are achieved by transmission line theory and inserted in the scattering parameter equations. Finally, the accurate scattering parameters are derived and compared with simulation results. Simulation results prove the theoretical results. Then, an optimized proposed filter is fabricated and matched with simulation results. The center frequency bands are 4.5 and 6.8 GHz. The optimized filter occupies 0.12 $ \times $ 0.096$\lambda _g^2$, which is small. Its fractional bandwidth of the first and second passband are 1.5 and 2.5%, respectively. Furthermore, wide and strong rejection levels in the stopbands are offered. The structure of the proposed filter provides many freedoms to design. There is an agreement between experimental and simulation results.
Increasing Risk of a “Hot Eastern‐Pluvial Western” Asia
Authors: Ding Ting , Gao Hui , Li Xiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObservations have revealed that the deadly “hot eastern‐pluvial western” climate pattern in Asia in summer 2022 is by no means an exception. In recent decade this pattern is becoming much more frequent owing to the notable westward extension and enhancement of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The anomalously enhanced WPSH fills the gap in geopotential heights between the Arabian Sea‐Iranian Plateau and the western Pacific, produces a heat dome over eastern Asia and intensifies the moisture convergence over western Asia by changing the water vapor transportation path. Projections of 19 CMIP6 models show that both the temperature in eastern Asia and precipitation in western Asia will remarkably increase under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 2‐4.5, SSP 3‐7.0, and SSP 5‐8.5 scenarios, with temperature anomalies 0.8°C, 1.5°C, and 2.4°C higher and the percentages of precipitation anomaly 6.3%, 9.4%, and 12.5% larger than the reference period in the near, middle, and long terms under the moderate emission scenario (SSP2‐4.5). Therefore, the “hot eastern‐pluvial western” Asia is becoming a new normal and exacerbating the risk of compound disasters.