bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between youth cardiometabolic health and physical activity in medical records
Authors: Forseth Bethany , Noel-MacDonnell Janelle R. , Hampl Sarah , Carlson Jordan A. , Halpin Kelsee , Davis Ann , Phillips Tarin , Shook Robin P. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Thers is limited research examining modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors with a single-item health behavior question obtained during a clinic visit. Such information could support clinicians in identifying patients at risk for adverse cardiometabolic health. We investigated if children meeting physical activity or screen time recommendations, collected during clinic visits, have better cardiometabolic health than children not meeting recommendations. We hypothesized that children meeting either recommendation would have fewer cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods and findings
This cross-sectional study used data from electronic medical records (EMRs) between January 1, 2013 through December 30, 2017 from children (2–18 years) with a well child visits and data for ≥1 cardiometabolic risk factor (i.e., systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, alanine transaminase, high-density and low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and/or triglycerides). Physical activity and screen time were patient/caregiver-reported. Analyses included EMRs from 63,676 well child visits by 30,698 unique patients (49.3% female; 41.7% Black, 31.5% Hispanic). Models that included data from all visits indicated children meeting physical activity recommendations had reduced risk for abnormal blood pressure (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, 95%CI 0.86, 0.97; p = 0.002), glycated hemoglobin (OR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.75, 0.91; p = 0.00006), alanine transaminase (OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.79, 0.92; p = 0.00001), high-density lipoprotein (OR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.82, 0.95; p = 0.0009), and triglyceride values (OR = 0.89, 95%CI 0.83, 0.96; p = 0.002). Meeting screen time recommendations was not associated with abnormal cardiometabolic risk factors.

Conclusion
Collecting information on reported adherence to meeting physical activity recommendations can provide clinicians with additional information to identify patients with a higher risk of adverse cardiometabolic health.
Evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a smoking cessation service in Derbyshire: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Gleeson Hayley , Earnshaw Jennifer , Craig Chris , Hodson Chloe , Szatkowski Lisa 
Published: June 2024

Background
Data published early in the COVID-19 pandemic suggested that smokers infected with SARS-CoV-2 were more likely to need hospital treatment or die than non-smokers, and thus this was seen as a motivator to encourage smokers to make a quit attempt. Live Life Better Derbyshire (LLBD) is an integrated lifestyle service providing free support for residents Derbyshire, UK, who want to quit smoking. On 19 March 2020, LLBD converted from offering face-to-face cessation support to a smoking cessation service delivered remotely.

Methods
Interrupted time series analysis to investigate the impact of COVID-19, and the shift to remote delivery of smoking cessation support, on the number of smokers who accessed cessation support with LLBD, set a quit date, and self-reported having quit at 4-week follow-up.

Results
11,393 episodes of smoking cessation support were opened with LLBD between 01 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. The weekly count of all outcomes was increasing prior to the date when LLBD converted to remote-only delivery. There was a 20% immediate drop in the number of episodes opened coinciding with this date (IRR 0.88, 95% CI 0.646–0.992) but no change in the number of quit dates set or 4-week quits or the underlying longer-term trends.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic, and associated shift to remote delivery of smoking cessation support by LLBD, had no substantial sustained overall impact on measures of smoking cessation service activity and success.
Association between weight-adjusted waist index and periodontitis: A population-based study
Authors: Xu Lihan , Liu Yuntao , Zhao Chenchen , Wang Jiaying , Zhou Haojing 
Published: June 2024

Objective
This study aims to examine the association between the Weight-adjusted Waist Circumference Index (WWI) and the prevalence of periodontitis, providing novel evidence on the link between central obesity and periodontal health.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 10,289 participants enrolled from NHANES 2009 to 2014. WWI was calculated by dividing waist circumference by the square root of weight. We employed a multivariate logistic regression model and smoothed curve fitting method to evaluate the relationship between WWI and periodontitis. We also compared different subgroups and analyzed the interaction effects.

Results
A significant positive association between WWI and periodontitis was observed in 10,289 participants aged ≥30 (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12–1.28). Upon categorizing WWI into quartiles, the top quartile group exhibited a 27% increased prevalence of periodontitis compared to the bottom quartile (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.10–1.46; P for trend = 0.001). Among individuals aged 30 to 60, the strength of this positive correlation is more pronounced than in those aged 60 and above.

Conclusions
WWI demonstrates a positive correlation with periodontitis with a particularly pronounced impact on moderate periodontitis, suggesting its potential to improve periodontitis prevention in a broad population.
Heightened Epstein-Barr virus immunity and potential cross-reactivities in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Thomas Olivia G. , Haigh Tracey A. , Croom-Carter Deborah , Leese Alison , Van Wijck Yolanda , Douglas Michael R. , Rickinson Alan , Brooks Jill M. , Taylor Graham S. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a likely prerequisite for multiple sclerosis (MS) but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated antibody and T cell responses to EBV in persons with MS (pwMS), healthy EBV-seropositive controls (HC) and post-infectious mononucleosis (POST-IM) individuals up to 6 months after disease resolution. The ability of EBV-specific T cell responses to target antigens from the central nervous system (CNS) was also investigated.

Methods
Untreated persons with relapsing-remitting MS, POST-IM individuals and HC were, as far as possible, matched for gender, age and HLA-DRB1*15:01. EBV load was determined by qPCR, and IgG responses to key EBV antigens were determined by ELISA, immunofluorescence and Western blot, and tetanus toxoid antibody responses by multiplex bead array. EBV-specific T cell responses were determined ex vivo by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) and cross-reactivity of in vitro-expanded responses probed against 9 novel Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) viruses expressing candidate CNS autoantigens.

Results
EBV load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was unchanged in pwMS compared to HC. Serologically, while tetanus toxoid responses were unchanged between groups, IgG responses to EBNA1 and virus capsid antigen (VCA) were significantly elevated (EBNA1 p = 0.0079, VCA p = 0.0298) but, importantly, IgG responses to EBNA2 and the EBNA3 family antigens were also more frequently detected in pwMS (EBNA2 p = 0.042 and EBNA3 p = 0.005). In ex vivo assays, T cell responses to autologous EBV-transformed B cells and to EBNA1 were largely unchanged numerically, but significantly increased IL-2 production was observed in response to certain stimuli in pwMS. EBV-specific polyclonal T cell lines from both MS and HC showed high levels of autoantigen recognition by ICS, and several neuronal proteins emerged as common targets including MOG, MBP, PLP and MOBP.

Discussion
Elevated serum EBV-specific antibody responses in the MS group were found to extend beyond EBNA1, suggesting a larger dysregulation of EBV-specific antibody responses than previously recognised. Differences in T cell responses to EBV were more difficult to discern, however stimulating EBV-expanded polyclonal T cell lines with 9 candidate CNS autoantigens revealed a high level of autoreactivity and indicate a far-reaching ability of the virus-induced T cell compartment to damage the CNS.
Archimedean zeta integrals for unitary groups
Authors: Eischen Ellen E. , Liu Zheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe derive precise formulas for the archimedean Euler factors occurring in certain standard Langlands 𝐿-functions for unitary groups. In the 1980s, Paul Garrett, as well as Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro and Stephen Rallis (independently of Garrett), discovered integral representations of automorphic 𝐿-functions that are Eulerian but, in contrast to the Rankin–Selberg and Langlands–Shahidi methods, do not require that the automorphic representations to which the 𝐿-functions are associated are globally generic. Their approach, thedoubling method, opened the door to a variety of applications that could not be handled by prior methods. For over three decades, though, the integrals occurring in the Euler factors at archimedean places for unitary groups eluded precise computation, except under particular simplifications (such as requiring certain representations to be one-dimensional, as Garrett did in the first major progress on this computation and only prior progress for general signatures). We compute these integrals for holomorphic discrete series of general vector weights for unitary groups of any signature. This has consequences not only for special values of 𝐿-functions in the archimedean setting, but also for 𝑝-adic 𝐿-functions, where the corresponding term had remained open.
High thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of light sources–based rate equation models in optical fiber transmission systems
Authors: Prabu Ramachandran Thandaiah , Arulmozhi Arumugam Krishnan , Vijay Sreeja , Vijayan Thulasi Bai , Sivaraman Deepa , Arulraj Merline , Mahrous Alaa Hosny 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper clarified the high thermal stability and high-performance efficiency capability of silicon light sources–based rate equation models in the optical fiber transmission systems. The laser diode and light emitting diode output power variations are measured with input injection current under various ambient temperature effects. The light source differential quantum efficiency is demonstrated for both LED and laser diode with different injection input current and various temperature variations. The LED/laser diode light source external efficiency is clarified with different injection input current and various temperature variations. The LED/laser diode light source total efficiency is measured with different injection input current and various temperature variations. As well as the laser diode and light emitting diode, threshold current variations are demonstrated clearly with input injection current under room temperature and various spectral thermal effects. The laser diode and light emitting diode power dissipation variations are measured with input injection current under room temperature and various spectral thermal effects.
Implementation of companding scheme for performance enhancement of optical OFDM structure
Authors: Kanjilal Pushpendu , Kumar Arun , Bhowmick Soumitra , Maroor Jnaneshwar Pai , Nanthaamornphong Aziz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to its great spectral efficiency and resistance to multi-path fading, OFDM, or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, is commonly utilized in optical communication systems. However, because of nonlinear distortions in optical components, OFDM signals are prone to a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which can severely impair bit error rate (BER) performance. This paper introduces a companding scheme to address high PAPR in optical OFDM systems and improve BER performance. The proposed scheme uses a nonlinear transformation to compress signal peaks and expand valleys, effectively reducing PAPR. Specifically, we investigate the µ-law companding technique, known for its simplicity and effectiveness in handling the active range of OFDM signals in optical communication. The companded signals are transmitted through an optical link and demodulated at the receiver. Simulation results show that the µ-law companding technique substantially reduces PAPR, leading to a significant improvement in BER performance. The companding process maintains signal integrity and spectral efficiency with minimal computational complexity and implementation cost. By mitigating nonlinearities introduced by optical components, this companding scheme enhances the overall reliability and efficiency of the optical OFDM system. An SNR gain of 2 dB–3 dB was achieved at a BER of 10−3.
#AreHashtagsWords? Structure, position, and syntactic integration of hashtags in (English) tweets
Authors: Calude Andreea S. , Long Maebh , Burnette Jessie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As social media use continues to increase its presence in our lives, so does the language of such platforms. One of the most salient features of social media discourse is the hashtag. Starting its life on Twitter (X) about 15 years ago, the hashtag has seeped from online to offline communication. Yet, it is not clear whether hashtags are words, tags, or something else altogether, nor is it clear what morphological process gives rise to them. This study presents an extensive analysis of 3,423 hashtags from 1,216 English-language tweets, each manually coded for various linguistics features, including position in the tweet, grammatical function, and syntactic integration. Our findings suggest that hashtags are extremely varied and we propose that they are indeed words, arising through a process of hashtagging (which is distinct from compounding). We also argue that some hashtags are syntactically integrated while others constitute parenthetical material.
On a unified approach to homogeneous second-order linear difference equations with constant coefficients and some applications
Authors: Kaddoura Issam , Mourad Bassam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we establish a new closed formula for the solution of homogeneous second-order linear difference equations with constant coefficients by using matrix theory. This, in turn, gives new closed formulas concerning all sequences of this type such as the Fibonacci and Lucas sequences. Next, we show the main advantage of our formula which is based on the fact that future calculations rely on the previous ones and this is true from any desired starting point. As applications, we show that Binet’s formula, in this case, is valid for negative integers as well. Finally, new summation formulas relating elements of such sequences. As a conclusion, we present a formula for the sum of squares of Chebychev polynomials of the first and second kind.
GEOCHEMICAL FACETS OF THE INIKAN FORMATION AS INDICATORS OF STRATIFICATION AND HYDROCHEMISTRY OF THE CAMBRIAN PALEOBASIN
Authors: МЕРЕНКОВА С.И. , КАЛМЫКОВ Г.А. , ПУЗИК А.Ю. , ГАБДУЛЛИН Р.Р. , БАДЬЯНОВА И.В. , ВОЛКОВА М.А. , КАЗЫМОВ К.П. , ШИРОЯН М.М. 
Published: June 2024

Выполнены геохимические исследования пород иниканской свиты из береговых обнажений р. Юдома. Для всех проанализированных литологических разностей характерно значительное обогащение B, Ni, Mo, Ag, Sb, U, т. е. редокс-чувствительными элементами, а также элементами, способными к биоосаждению. Источником элементов являлась морская вода, выщелачивающая их из эолового материала. Установлено, что отложения накапливались в аноксических условиях с периодами возникновения как эвксинных (по-видимому, в придонном слое), так и субоксических условий. Развитие таких аноксических и эвксинных условий вызвано устойчивой стратификацией океана, существовавшей в раннесреднекембрийское время в данной части бассейна. Помимо этого, длительное накопление богатых ОВ осадков в условиях аноксии, периодической эвксинии и устойчивой стратификации указывает на возможное наличие в данной части бассейна геоморфологически обособленной впадины. CIA—Кcorr варьируется от 68 до 95. Невысокие значения индекса могут быть связаны со значительной высотой в области денудации.
Geochemical studies of Inikan Formation rocks from the coastal outcrops of the Yudoma River were carried out. All analyzed lithological varieties are characterized by significant enrichment in B, Ni, Mo, Ag, Sb, U (redox-sensitive trace metals and elements associated with biodeposition). The source of the elements was sea water that leached them from the eolian material. It was found that the deposits accumulated in anoxic environments with periods of both euxinic (probably, in the bottom water mass) and suboxic conditions. Such anoxic and euxinic conditions developed due to the stable stratification of the ocean that existed in the early–middle Cambrian in this part of the basin. In addition, the long-term accumulation of organic-rich sediment under conditions of anoxia, periodic euxinia, and stable stratification indicates the presence of a geomorphologically isolated depression in this part of the basin. CIA-Kcorr ranges from 68 to 95. The low values of the CIA may be related to the height of the relief in the sedimentary source area.
SPATIAL CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE TERRAIN FEATURES, GRAVITATIONAL FIELD AND SEISMIC VELOCITY ANOMALIES IN THE CENTRAL KAMCHATKA REGION
Authors: ЕСИН Е.И. , ВАСИЛЕВСКИЙ А.Н. , БУШЕНКОВА Н.А. 
Published: June 2024

Различные подходы к тектоническому районированию и разные типы (комплексы) используемых данных, на базе которых районирование производится, являют множественность прежде полученных различными авторами тектонических схем Камчатки и Камчатского региона. В данной работе для изучения пространственных связей тектонических проявлений геологических процессов использовался совместный анализ аномалий гравитационного поля, трансформант гравитационного поля и рельефа, магнитного поля и современных сейсмотомографических моделей аномалий скоростей. В результате проведенного исследования была построена тектоническая схема линейно-блокового типа. Полученные линейные структурные элементы хорошо согласуются с данными потенциальных полей, сейсмическими построениями и ранее опубликованными материалами. Показана продуктивность приведенного способа комплексного анализа геофизических полей для выявления их пространственных связей и блоковых структур среды, которые могут послужить основой для конструирования пространственных ограничений для источников гравитационного поля при решении обратных задач, задач разделения потенциальных полей и их углубленной геологической интерпретации.
Different approaches to tectonic zoning and different types (complexes) of used data, on the basis of which the zoning is performed, cause the plurality of tectonic schemes of Kamchatka and the Kamchatka region previously obtained by different authors. In this work, a joint analysis of gravity field anomalies, gravity field and relief transforms, magnetic field and modern seismotomographic models of velocity anomalies was used to study spatial relationships of tectonic manifestations of geological processes. As a result of this study, a linear-block type tectonic scheme was constructed. The obtained linear structural elements are in good agreement with the data of potential fields, results and previously published materials. The productivity of the presented method of complex analysis of geophysical fields for revealing their spatial relations and block structures of the environment is shown. The analysis outcomes can be used to establish spatial constraints for gravity field sources when solving inverse problems, potential field separation problems and their detailed geological interpretation.
Gambaran Faktor Risiko Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (Ispa) Berulang Pada Balita Usia 6-59 Bulan Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Nurazizah Diyah Ayu , Sari Meliana 
Published: June 2024

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the problems with a fairly high level of pain every year. This study aims to determine the description of the risk factors for the incidence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) in toddlers aged 0-59 months in the working area of the Pamulang Public Health Center, South Tangerang. This study used a cross-sectional study design with a sample of 151 respondents who were collected through simple random sampling technique. The results of the study showed that as many as 49.7% of children under five had recurrent ARI. As many as 50% of complete immunization status (50%), receiving non-exclusive breastfeeding (50.4%), experiencing low birth weight (50.5%), good nutrition, fluids and medication behavior above 50%, 76% have families who smoke, and as many as 49% there are family members who suffer from ARI. The conclusion in this study is that family factors who smoke and experience recurrent ARI have a high enough percentage so that it is suspected to be the cause of the incidence of ARI in toddlers. Therefore, education to family’s needs to be improved to reduce the incidence of ARI in toddlers.Keywords: ARI, Risk, ToodlerAbstrakInfeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu masalah dengan tingkat kesakitan yang cukup tinggi setiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) pada balita usia 0-59 bulan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 151 responden yang dikumpulkan melalui teknik simple random sampling. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 49.,7% balita mengalami ISPA Berulang. Sebanyak 50% status imunisasi lengkap (50%), mendapatkan ASI tidak eksklusif (50,4%), mengalami BBLR (50,5%), perilaku pemberian nutrisi, cairan dan obat yang baik diatas 50%, 76% terdapat keluarga yang merokok, dan sebanyak 49% terdapat Anggota keluarga yang menderita ISPA. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini faktor keluarga yang merokok dan mengalami ISPA Berulang memiliki persentase yang cukup tinggi sehingga diduga menjadi penyebab kejadian ISPA pada balita.Oleh karena itu, edukasi kepada keluarga perlu ditingkatkan untuk menurunkan kejadian ISPA pada balita. kata kunci: Balita, ISPA, Berulang, Risiko