bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Note on Dionysius of Alexandria's Letter to Novatian in Light of Third-Century Papyri
Authors: Blumell Lincoln 
Published: January 2011

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Im sechsten Buch seiner Historia ecclesiastica zitiert Euseb einen Brief des Dionysius von Alexandria an Novatian, in dem er ihn ermahnt, sich mit der Kirche in Rom zu versöhnen. Dieser Brief ist unter allen Briefen des Dionysius, die von Euseb angeführt werden, insofern einzigartig, als er in voller Länge zitiert wird. Dementsprechend kann er mit zeitgenössischen Briefen auf Papyri aus Ägypten verglichen werden. Ein solcher Vergleich zeigt eine Reihe von spezifischen Parallelen in auf Papyrus erhaltenen Briefen aus christlichem wie nichtchristlichem Kontext. Auch wenn Euseb im Hinblick auf seine Art und Weise, Quellenmaterial selektiv zu benutzen und anzuführen, oft verdächtig ist, kann man jedenfalls in diesem Fall davon ausgehen, dass Euseb sorgfältig und zuverlässig eine authentische Kopie von Dionysius' Brief an Novatian wiedergibt.
Possessions and Asceticism: Melania the Younger and her slow way to Jerusalem
Authors: Alciati Roberto , Giorda Mariachiara 
Published: January 2011

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Die Geschichte des heiligen Paares Melania der Jüngeren und Pinian wird traditionellerweise als hagiographische Erzählung gedeutet, die das Ziel verfolge, römische aristokatische Familien zu einem asketischen Leben zu ermahnen. Ein sorgfältiger Vergleich der zwei Versionen – der griechischen und der lateinischen – der Vita Melania erlaubt es, noch eine andere Seite herauszuarbeiten: die unterschiedliche Art und Weise, einen monastischen Haushalt zu organisieren. Melania experimentierte mit verschiedenen Formen des asketischen Lebens: mit dem klösterlichen Leben in der Villa in Rom, dem traditionellen Kloster in Africa und schließlich der privaten Gründung in Palästina. Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, diese Unterschiede und ihre theologischen, wirtschaftlichen und rechtlichen Implikationen zu beschreiben, um Melanias langen Weg nach Jerusalem zu verstehen.
Werkzeuge und Modelle für die übergreifende Untersuchung von Social Software
Authors: Klamma Ralf 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Für viele Unternehmen und Forscher ist die Netzwerk-Analyse von großen Datenbeständen immer noch mit hohen Kosten und vielerlei praktischen Hürden verbunden. In diesem Beitrag werden Werkzeuge und Modelle aus einer langjährigen Beschäftigung mit der Analyse von Web 2.0 Medien wie Blogs und Wikis in einem einheitlichen, multidisziplinären Rahmenwerk, der MediaBase, vorgestellt. Dabei kommen Methoden der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse zum Einsatz, die auf im Web gesammelten Datensätzen von sozialen Graphen in der MediaBase angewendet werden. Dabei werden automatisch Muster des sozialen Graphs auf der Ebene des Graphs, des Sub-Graphs und der Graph-Knoten erkannt und visualisiert. Der Ansatz wurde in vielen nationalen und europäischen Projekten, vor allem im Bereich des Technologiegestützten Lernens entwickelt und evaluiert.
Web 2.0-Technologien in Meinungsbildungsprozessen von politischen Parteien
Authors: Christmann Stefan , Melcher Johannes , Hagenhoff Svenja , Stock Gissendanner Scott , Krumbein Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

Zusammenfassung
Nach den US-amerikanischen Erfolgen, das World Wide Web für Wahlkampfzwecke zu nutzen, suchen auch deutsche Politiker und Politologen nach den richtigen Werkzeugen, um dieses Medium in Deutschland sinnvoll zu verwenden. Ein Teilbereich politischer Kommunikation, welcher sich durch das WWW unterstützen lässt, ist die politische Meinungsfi ndung. Im Rahmen des Neuorientierungsprozesses einer deutschen Partei wurden Elemente des so genannten Web 2.0 genutzt, um Meinungen zu bündeln und zu bewerten. Dieser Beitrag stellt – ergänzend zur Bewertung der Unterstützung dieses speziellen politischen Prozesses – die verwendeten Technologien vor und gibt Empfehlungen für zukünftige Projekte dieser Art.
One step purification process for no-carrier-added 64Cu produced using enriched nickel target
Authors: Alliot Cyrille , Michel N. , Bonraisin A.-C. , Bossé V. , Laizé J. , Bourdeau C. , Mokili B. M. , Haddad F. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Copper-64 has found many applications in positron emission tomography (PET). Its half-life allows to use it for dosimetric studies associated to copper-67 targeted radiotherapy in cancer treatment. The use of 64Ni(p,n)64Cu nuclear reaction is known to produce 64Cu in large amount and with a high specific activity. In this study, targets were obtained by electroplating onto a gold backing and a typical target irradiation uses 200ߙnA, 17ߙMeV protons during 30ߙmin. After irradiation, pure copper-64 is obtained using only one chromatographic column. Nickel-64 is removed in a first elution step and cobalt isotopes in a second one. The extraction yield for copper-64 is 9±23% and nickel and cobalt impurities are under the detection limit. A recovery process of nickel-64 has also been developed.
Some experimental studies on89Zr production
Authors: Ciarmatori A. , Cicoria G. , Pancaldi D. , Infantino A. , Boschi S. , Fanti S. , Marengo M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe radionuclide89Zr (T1/2=78.4ߙh) is particularly attractive for in vivo assessment of biochemical proesses characterized by biological half times in the order of several hours. In the present study we assessed the feasibility of89Zr productionviathe89Y(p,n)89Zr reaction. Irradiation tests were performed using a 16.5ߙMeV GE-PETtrace cyclotron. High purity (>99.9%) yttrium metallic foils (0.15ߙmm) were irradiated in a solid target station developed in our Institution. The literature cross section data of all the nuclear reactions possible in the energy range of interest were carefully studied to optimize the irradiation parameters. The irradiated target was dissolved in 1ߙN HCl and the activity of the sample was measured in a CRC-15 PET dose calibrator, setting different values for the calibration factor. The sample activity was then measured usin g a calibrated HPGe gamma ray detector. A comparison of the activity measurements allowed the evaluation of the calibration factor for the Capintec CRC-15 PET; for a 3ߙml syringe geometry, it was found 739±60. Saturation yields of89Zr were found to be 1150±110ߙMBq/μA for a single 0.15ߙmm thick disc irradiation (Ep=12.6→11.2ߙMeV) and 2400±220ߙMBq/μA for irradiation of two discs of total thickness 0.3ߙmm (Ep=12.6→9.5MeV). Total produced activities in the range of 200–400ߙMBq (according to target thickness) were repeatedly and safely obtained by 60ߙmin bombardments at 20ߙμA. Analysis of gamma ray spectra of all the samples showed a very high radionuclidic purity (>99.9995%).
From Swine Flu to Smallpox: Government Compensation Programs for Vaccines and Terrorism
Authors: Thomas Julia 
Published: January 2011

A governments primary duty is to protect its citizens. While there are many forms and means of protection, the health and safety of the citizens are two of the fundamental protections that Americans expect. Typically, vaccines have been used to protect the public health, and vaccines are considered one of the greatest accomplishments of the twentieth century. However, vaccines can also be used as a safety measure; the Smallpox vaccination program is an example of how a vaccine could be used to protect the public in the event of a bioterrorism attack. As with most things, there is a cost associated with vaccines; in order to address such costs, the government has created and implemented three vaccine liability and compensation plans: the National Swine Flu Immunization Program, the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, and the Smallpox Emergency Personnel Protection Act. The government has also implemented a plan to compensate the victims of the September 11th terrorist attacks: the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund. Although only the Victim Compensation Fund directly responded to a terrorist attack, all of these programs were meant to provide for the health and safety of American citizens. Of these four programs, only the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act is still operating. The remaining three have all ended, due to either problems associated with the programs or the expiration of the program.	This paper will address each of the four programs in chronological order. Starting with the National Swine Flu Immunization Program, moving to the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, followed by the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund, and finally to the Smallpox Emergency Personnel Act. The purpose of this paper is to educate the reader about these programs, to present the positive and negative aspects of them, and to explain why some were failures and some were successes.
Multidisciplinary Team Care May Slow the Rate of Decline in Renal Function
Authors: Bayliss Elizabeth A. , Bhardwaja Bharati , Ross Colleen , Beck Arne , Lanese Diane M. 
Published: January 2011

Summary

Background and objectives
A multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to chronic kidney disease (CKD) may help optimize care of CKD and comorbidities. We implemented an MDT quality improvement project for persons with stage 3 CKD and comorbid diabetes and/or hypertension. Our objective was to decrease the rate of decline of GFR.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We used a 4-year historical cohort to compare 1769 persons referred for usual nephrology care versus 233 referred for MDT care within an integrated, not-for-profit Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). Usual care consisted of referral to an outside nephrologist. The MDT consisted of an HMO-based nephrologist, pharmacy specialist, diabetes educator, dietitian, social worker, and nephrology nurse. Both groups received usual primary care. The primary outcome was rate of decline of GFR. Secondary outcomes were LDL, hemoglobin A1c, and BP.

Results
In multivariate repeated-measures analyses, MDT care was associated with a mean annual decline in GFR of 1.2 versus 2.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 for usual care. In stratified analyses, the significant difference in GFR decline persisted only in those who completed their referrals. There were no differences in the secondary outcomes between groups.

Conclusions
In this integrated care setting, MDT care resulted in a slower decline in GFR than usual care. This occurred despite a lack of significant differences for secondary disease-specific measures, suggesting that other differences in the MDT population or care process accounted for the slower decline in GFR in the MDT group.
Clinical Significance of Urinary Liver-Type Fatty Acid–Binding Protein in Diabetic Nephropathy of Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Kamijo-Ikemori Atsuko , Sugaya Takeshi , Yasuda Takashi , Kawata Takehiro , Ota Akio , Tatsunami Shinobu , Kaise Ruriko , Ishimitsu Toshihiko , Tanaka Yasushi , Kimura Kenjiro 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Urinary liver-type fatty acid–binding protein (L-FABP) is a promising indicator of tubular but not glomerular damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of urinary L-FABP as a prognostic biomarker in impaired diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This investigation involved a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the relationship between urinary L-FABP levels and progressive nephropathy. Urinary L-FABP was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the cross-sectional analysis, the association of urinary L-FABP, with the severity of diabetic nephropathy, was investigated in 140 patients with type 2 diabetes and in 412 healthy control subjects. Of the patients in the former study, 104 have been followed for 4 years. The progression of diabetic nephropathy was defined as progressive albuminuria, end-stage renal disease, or induction of hemodialysis.

RESULTS
Urinary L-FABP levels were progressively increased in subjects with normo-, micro-, or macroalbuminuria and further increased in patients with end-stage renal disease. In the longitudinal analysis, high urinary L-FABP levels were associated with the increase in albuminuria, progression to end-stage renal disease, or induction of hemodialysis. This was particularly demonstrated in the subgroup of patients without renal dysfunction (n = 59), where high urinary L-FABP levels were associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

CONCLUSIONS
Urinary L-FABP accurately reflected the severity of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes, and its level was high in the patients with normoalbuminuria. Moreover, higher urinary L-FABP was a risk factor for progression of diabetic nephropathy.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Personalized Genetic Medicine
Authors: Greeley Siri Atma W. , John Priya M. , Winn Aaron N. , Ornelas Joseph , Lipton Rebecca B. , Philipson Louis H. , Bell Graeme I. , Huang Elbert S. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare form of diabetes diagnosed in infancy. Nearly half of patients with permanent neonatal diabetes have mutations in the genes for the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KCNJ11 and ABCC8) that allow switching from insulin to sulfonylurea therapy. Although treatment conversion has dramatic benefits, the cost-effectiveness of routine genetic testing is unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a societal cost-utility analysis comparing a policy of routine genetic testing to no testing among children with permanent neonatal diabetes. We used a simulation model of type 1 diabetic complications, with the outcome of interest being the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER, $/quality-adjusted life-year [QALY] gained) over 30 years of follow-up.

RESULTS
In the base case, the testing policy dominated the no-testing policy. The testing policy was projected to bring about quality-of-life benefits that enlarged over time (0.32 QALYs at 10 years, 0.70 at 30 years) and produced savings in total costs that were present as early as 10 years ($12,528 at 10 years, $30,437 at 30 years). Sensitivity analyses indicated that the testing policy would remain cost-saving as long as the prevalence of the genetic defects remained &gt;3% and would retain an ICER &lt;$200,000/QALY at prevalences between 0.7 and 3%.

CONCLUSIONS
Genetic testing in neonatal diabetes improves quality of life and lowers costs. This paradigmatic case study highlights the potential economic impact of applying the concepts of personalized genetic medicine to other disorders in the future.
Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bleich Sara N. , Wang Y. Claire 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
To examine patterns of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes in 2003–2006.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed 24-h dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006 to estimate SSB consumption levels among 1,090 adults (aged ≥20 years) with type 2 diabetes overall and by diagnosis and control status of their diabetes.

RESULTS
In 2003–2006, 45% of adults with diabetes consumed SSBs on a given day, obtaining an average of 202 calories and 47 g of sugar. Undiagnosed adults with diabetes were significantly more likely to consume SSBs than diagnosed adults (60 vs. 38% diagnosed/uncontrolled [P &lt; 0.001] and 43% diagnosed/controlled [P = 0.001]) and were less likely to consume diet beverages (18 vs. 50% diagnosed/uncontrolled [P &lt; 0.001] and 40% diagnosed/controlled [P &lt; 0.001]). Men consumed significantly more SSBs than women (P = 0.027), younger adults (aged 20–44) more than older adults (45–64 and ≥65; P &lt; 0.001), non–Hispanic black more than whites (P = 0.010); and low-income individuals (quartile 1) more than higher-income individuals (quartile 3, P = 0.040; quartile 4, P = 0.013). For most demographic and body weight categories, adults who were undiagnosed consumed more sugar from SSBs than adults who were diagnosed.

CONCLUSIONS
SSB consumption is high among adults with diabetes, particularly among those who are undiagnosed.
Accelerated Insulin Pharmacokinetics and Improved Postprandial Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes After Coadministration of Prandial Insulins With Hyaluronidase
Authors: Hompesch Marcus , Muchmore Douglas B. , Morrow Linda , Vaughn Daniel E. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
To compare the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of insulin lispro or regular human insulin (RHI) with or without recombinant human hyaluronidase (rHuPH20) administered before a standardized meal.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this four-way, crossover study, 22 patients with type 1 diabetes received injections of individually optimized doses of lispro or RHI with and without rHuPH20 before a liquid meal.

RESULTS
With rHuPH20 coadministration, early insulin exposure (0–60 min) increased by 54% (P = 0.0011) for lispro and 206% (P &lt; 0.0001) for RHI compared with the respective insulin alone. Peak blood glucose decreased 26 mg/dL for lispro (P = 0.002) and 24 mg/dL for RHI (P = 0.017), reducing hyperglycemic excursions (area under the curve for blood glucose &gt;140 mg/dL) by 79% (P = 0.09) and 85% (P = 0.049), respectively. Rates of hypoglycemia were comparable for lispro with or without rHuPH20, whereas coadministration of RHI and rHuPH20 reduced hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
Lispro or RHI with rHuPH20 produced earlier and greater peak insulin concentrations and improved postprandial glycemic control.
The Possible Protective Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 on Endothelium During the Meal and Evidence for an “Endothelial Resistance” to Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Diabetes
Authors: Ceriello Antonio , Esposito Katherine , Testa Roberto , Bonfigli Anna Rita , Marra Maurizio , Giugliano Dario 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVEGlucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 also improves endothelial function in diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSSixteen type 2 diabetic patients and 12 control subjects received a meal, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and two hyperglycemic clamps, with or without GLP-1. The clamps were repeated in diabetic patients after 2 months of strict glycemic control.RESULTSDuring the meal, glycemia, nitrotyrosine, and plasma 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2a) remained unchanged in the control subjects, whereas they increased in diabetic patients. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) decreased in diabetes, whereas GLP-1 increased in both groups. During the OGTT, an increase in glycemia, nitrotyrosine, and 8-iso-PGF2a and a decrease in FMD were observed at 1 h in the control subjects and at 1 and 2 h in the diabetic patients. In the same way, GLP-1 increased in both groups at the same levels of the meal. During the clamps, in both the control subjects and the diabetic patients, a significant increase in nitrotyrosine and 8-iso-PGF2a and a decrease in FMD were observed, effects that were significantly reduced by GLP-1. After improved glycemic control, hyperglycemia during the clamps was less effective in producing oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction and the GLP-1 administration was most effective in reducing these effects.CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that during the meal GLP-1 can simultaneously exert an incretin effect on insulin secretion and a protective effect on endothelial function, reasonably controlling oxidative stress generation. The ability of GLP-1 in protecting endothelial function seems to depend on the level of glycemia, a phenomenon already described for insulin secretion.
Increased Insulin Requirements During Exercise at Very High Altitude in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: de Mol Pieter , de Vries Suzanna T. , de Koning Eelco J.P. , Gans Rijk O.B. , Tack Cees J. , Bilo Henk J.G. 
Published: January 2011

OBJECTIVE
Safe, very high altitude trekking in subjects with type 1 diabetes requires understanding of glucose regulation at high altitude. We investigated insulin requirements, energy expenditure, and glucose levels at very high altitude in relation to acute mountain sickness (AMS) symptoms in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eight individuals with complication-free type 1 diabetes took part in a 14-day expedition to Mount Meru (4,562 m) and Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) in Tanzania. Daily insulin doses, glucose levels, energy expenditure, and AMS symptoms were determined. Also, energy expenditure and AMS symptoms were compared with a healthy control group.

RESULTS
We found a positive relation between AMS symptoms and insulin requirements (r = 0.78; P = 0.041) and AMS symptoms and glucose levels (r = 0.86; P = 0.014) for Mount Kilimanjaro. Compared with sea level, insulin doses tended to decrease by 14.2% (19.7) (median [interquartile range]) (P = 0.41), whereas glucose levels remained stable up to 5,000 m altitude. However, at altitudes &gt;5,000 m, insulin dose was unchanged (36.8 ± 17 vs. 37.6 ± 19.1 international units [mean ± SD] P = 0.75), but glucose levels (7.5 ± 0.6 vs. 9.5 ± 0.8 mmol/L [mean ± SD] P = 0.067) and AMS scores (1.3 ± 1.6 vs. 4.4 ± 4 points [mean ± SD] P = 0.091) tended to increase. Energy expenditure and AMS symptoms were comparable in both groups (P = 0.84).

CONCLUSIONS
Our data indicate that in complication-free individuals with type 1 diabetes, insulin requirements tend to increase during altitudes above 5,000 m despite high energy expenditure. This change may be explained, at least partly, by AMS.
Some propagation methods for cloning holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) plants
Authors: Liñán Juana , Cantos Manuel , Troncoso Javier , García José , Fernández Antonio , Troncoso Antonio 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), a typical evergreen tree of the Mediterranean area, is very important due to its ecological and economical values. Propagation of this species is extremely difficult and traditionally carried out only by seed germination. In this work, mature acorns were germinated in vitro and in peat substrate in aseptic and non-aseptic conditions. Explants from the seedlings obtained were propagated in vitro in WPM plus 4 µM BA. Plant regeneration was achieved from hypocotyls and root segments cultured in vitro on modified Gamborg medium plus 20 µM BA and 20 µM NAA. 13.8% of the hypocotyls and approximately 30% of the root segments developed both shoots and roots after 30 days of culture. Rooting of stem segments was obtained both in vitro and ex vitro by basal dipping in IBA solutions. Within ex vitro rooting, mother plant age had major influence on the percentage of rooting of the cuttings as the younger plants showed higher ability to root. In this way, Q. ilex plants could be propagated and cloned. The procedure described here would be a very useful tool for breeding programs since vegetative propagation of selected individuals can be achieved.