bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of local climatic conditions on household consumption: a case study of South Africa
Authors: Mudzingiri Calvin , Mudiriza Gibson , Jana Getrude , Sunge Regret 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe article explores the causal effect of local climate conditions on household consumption in South Africa. The climatic conditions are represented by monthly average temperature and precipitation. The study utilises the nationally representative 2017 National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), wave 5 data and 2017 Climate Research Unit (CRU) climate data. The parsimonious quantile regression shows that climatic conditions (precipitation, temperature, wet days, and cloud cover) impact household per capita consumption. The quadratic quantile regression model analysis shows that household per capita consumption is convex in precipitation. Below the turning point, increased precipitation is associated with decreased household per capita consumption. Above the turning point, increased precipitation is related to increased household per capita consumption. Regions that receive very low precipitation or experience extreme temperatures (very cold or very hot) require tailor-made interventions to alleviate consumption. When we control for household characteristics, the impact of climatic conditions on household per capita consumption is weak. Providing inclusive development policies and programmes can mitigate the impact of climatic conditions on household per capita consumption.
On the stability of Einsteinian cubic gravity black holes in EFT
Authors: Bueno Pablo , Cano Pablo A , Hennigar Robie A 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this note we revisit the analysis performed in De Felice and Tsujikawa (2023Phys. Lett.B843138047) of odd-parity perturbations around static and spherically symmetric black holes in Einsteinian cubic gravity (ECG). We show that the additional propagating modes always have masses much above the cutoff of the theory. Therefore, contrary to what is claimed in that paper, the ECG black holes remain stable within the effective field theory regime. We consider the same analysis for a general cubic theory, showing that the ECG results are not special in this regard. We use the occasion to make some clarifications on the role, uses and limitations of ECG and its generalizations.
Expanding wave packets and the quantum to classical transition
Authors: Briggs John S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The standard description of the transition from quantum to classical mechanics presented in most text books is the proof that the quantum expectation values of position and momentum obey equations of Newtonian form. This is the Ehrenfest theorem. It is combined with the requirement that wave packets remain localised to describe a single particle moving according to classical mechanics. Hence, the natural spreading of wave packets is viewed as a quantum effect. In contradiction to this view, here it is argued that the spreading, where different momentum components separate, is the signature of the quantum to classical transition. The asymptotic spatial wave function becomes proportional to the initial momentum space wave function, which mirrors exactly the well-known far-field diffraction pattern in optics. Trajectories, defined as the locus of the normals to the expanding wave front, are used to illustrate the transition from quantum to classical motion. Again this is the analogue of the wave to beam transition in optics. It is suggested that this analysis of the quantum to classical transition should be incorporated routinely into introductory quantum mechanics courses.
An approach to interpreting metastable austenitic material sensors for fatigue analysis
Authors: Heinrich Christian , Gansel René , Schäfer Günter , Barton Sebastian , Lohrengel Armin , Jürgen Maier Hans 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The transformation of metastable austenite to martensite under mechanical loading can be harnessed to create a material sensor which records a measure of the load history without the need for electrical energy and can be read out at arbitrary intervals via eddy current probing, thus leading to an ultra-low-power sensing solution. This paper presents possibilities of processing this load amplitude-dependent evolution of martensite content loading for component fatigue analysis. The general method is based on using a theoretical material model typically used in finite element analyses which includes hardening plasticity and phase transformation to precompute tables of stress amplitude or cumulative damage corresponding to different sensor readings which can be stored on a low power processing system onboard the component for energy-efficient lookup. At nominal single amplitude loading, the sensor can be used as a load cycle counter for known loads or as an overload detection device upon divergent martensite content rise. Interpretation of block program loading is less practical due to resolution issues. Under random loading, sequence effects get averaged out; interpretation is easiest with narrow load spectra, but information can be gained from very wide spectra as well. Multiple sensors at different locations can aid interpretation. Uncertainty due to necessary assumptions and untreated influences of temperature and loading rate is discussed.
Novel signatures of radiation reaction in electron–laser sidescattering
Authors: Sikorski Philipp , Thomas Alec G R , Bulanov Stepan S , Zepf Matt , Seipt Daniel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this article we investigate novel signatures of radiation reaction via the angular deflection of an electron beam colliding at 90 degrees with an intense laser pulse. Due to the radiation reaction effect, the electrons can be deflected towards the beam axis for plane wave backgrounds, which is not possible in the absence of radiation reaction effects. The magnitude and size of the deflection angle can be controlled by tailoring the laser pulse shapes. The effect is first derived analytically using the Landau–Lifshitz equation, which allows to determine the important scaling behavior with laser intensity and particle energy. We then move on to full scale 3D Monte Carlo simulations to verify the effect is observable with present day laser technology. We investigate the opportunities for an indirect observation of laser depletion in such side scattering scenarios.
Phase diagram and quench dynamics of a periodically driven Haldane model
Authors: Ren 任 Minxuan 民烜 , Yang 杨 Han 焓 , Sun 孙 Mingyuan 明远 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate a periodically driven Haldane model subjected to a two-stage driving scheme in the form of a step function. By using the Floquet theory, we obtain the topological phase diagram of the system. We also find that anomalous Floquet topological phases exist in the system. Focusing on examining the quench dynamics among topological phases, we analyze the site distribution of the 0-mode and π-mode edge states in long-period evolution after a quench. The results demonstrate that, under certain conditions, the site distribution of the 0-mode can be confined at the edge even in long-period evolution. Additionally, both the 0-mode and π-mode can recover and become confined at the edge in long-period evolution when the post-quench parameters

(

T
,

M
2

M
1

)

in the phase diagram cross away from the phase boundary

M
2

M
1

=

6

3

t
2

M
1

−
1

. Furthermore, we conclude that whether the edge state is confined at the edge in the long-period evolution after a quench depends on the similarity of the edge states before and after the quench. Our findings reveal some new characteristics of quench dynamics in a periodically driven system.
A new framework for evaluating the virgin compression curves of reconstituted clays at different initial water contents
Authors: Lu Xingbang , Qiao Yafei , Ding Wenqi , Li Aiguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe influence of initial water content on the virgin compression of reconstituted clays is a topic of great importance. This study introduces a novel perspective based on the concept of intrinsic compression. It is demonstrated that the virgin compression curves of the reconstituted clays are similar in shape to the intrinsic compression line and can be obtained through vertical shifting and stretching. Building upon this concept, the intrinsic compression line is further extended to the compression curve cluster, enabling a direct evaluation of the influence of initial water content. The validity of the compression curve cluster is verified using independent data from the literature as well as data collected by our research team. In addition, a comparison with other relevant theories further underscores the superiority of the proposed framework.
Visco-elastic model of foamed cement paste under uniaxial compression
Authors: Ye Guanbao , Huo Junhao , Zhang Zhen , Rao Fengrui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Foamed cement pastes have been widely used in the backfilling projects, such as road widening and abutment embankment. However, due to its unique porous structures, there have been limit studies focused on developing mechanical model for predicting its engineering behavior. This study conducted a constitutive modeling for describing the mechanical behavior of foamed cement paste. Two types of mechanical element, i.e., elastic element and viscous element, were selected, and their combination was proposed to characterize the basic mechanical properties and behavior of foamed cement paste. By adjusting the combination rules (in series or in parallel) among the basic elements, a strain-based damage element and a visco-elastic-damage combination element model (VED model) were developed based on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Through a comparison with experimental results, it is demonstrated that the proposed model effectively captures the mechanical behavior of foam concrete under uniaxial compressive loading.
A new method for rapid preparing high-strength saturated clay samples in large-scale model tests
Authors: Masujima T , Xie Y , Zhang Q , Ye G L , Leng J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The preparation of high-strength saturated clay samples for large-scale model tests presents a significant challenge in geotechnical engineering. The slurry consolidation method has been conventionally employed to prepare saturated clay, despite its time-consuming and labor-intensive nature. Therefore, this study proposes a rapid preparation technique for clayey soils utilizing the dynamic compaction method, enabling the facile preparation of saturated clay samples by compacting the soils from an unsaturated state. During compaction, the void ratio decreases, thereby increasing the degree of saturation and enhancing the soil strength. Critical to this method are two variables: the moisture water content and the soil density, which are determined through bench-scale compaction tests using the Proctor compaction test apparatus. These tests establish the relationships between moisture content and density, degree of saturation, and soil strength. The moisture content aligning with the target soil strength is selected as the target moisture content for model-scale soil preparation, whereas the moisture content-density relationship sets the target density value. The laboratory tests validate that the soil strength of the saturated model-size clay samples prepared using the proposed method fulfills the requisite criteria, indicating its effectiveness for rapid preparation of high-strength saturated clay samples in large-scale model tests.
Analytical calculation model for elastic modulus and strength of foamed concrete
Authors: Rao Fengrui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Foamed concrete has gained increasing attention for its excellent engineering performance. Endeavors have been made to experimentally and numerically elucidate the mechanism of foamed concrete, while few theoretical methods are used to analytically calculate mechanical properties. This paper proposes a theoretical framework to describe the elastic behavior of foamed concrete by combining Eshelby’s equivalent inclusion theory with the Mori–Tanaka method. In the analytical model, foamed concrete is regarded as a two-phase composite comprising a homogeneous cement matrix and randomly oriented ellipsoidal air void. During derivation, the elastic modulus, strength, bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson ratio are measured. A good agreement is established between the proposed method and experimental data.
Exploring the combined effect of particle shape and friction on cell structures in granular packings via LS-DEM modeling
Authors: Jiang Haoran , Kawamoto Reid , Matsushima Takashi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To comprehensively understand and predict the macroscopic behavior of a granular system, one must consider not only the properties of individual particles but also the local structures. In this study, we prepare mechanically stable granular packings of super disks using the two-dimensional level set discrete element method (LS-DEM). We identify the cells, the irreducible loops enclosed by contacting particles, in the prepared granular packings and then analyze the statistics of these structures. We find the following. (1) The packing fraction or mean coordination number of studied systems exhibits a non-trivial dependency on particle shapes and inter-particle frictions, making it challenging to establish a direct correlation between them. (2) Using the cell-based description as a bridge, we can measure the packing behavior without considering the influence of particle shape and inter-particle friction. Specifically, the mean coordination number can be explicitly represented as a function of the mean cell order according to Euler’s topological relation. Upon the assumption that all cells are regular polygons, we can also approximately estimate the rattlers-free packing fraction via the mean cell order. (3) We have observed a nearly linear relationship between the mean cell order and rattler fraction. This enables us to determine the packing fraction as well.
Investigation of the fabric effect on the arching effect in granular materials
Authors: Deng Linjie , Dai Beibing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A series of trapdoor experiments and DEM simulations were carried out in this study to examine the arching effect in granular materials, with the focus being on the influence of the direction for particle deposition. In the tests, particles (e.g. rice grains, PVC particles and nylon particles) were dropped as if they were raining at different directions to construct granular material layers with various fabric orientations. It is shown that the mobilization of arching effect depends on the direction of particle deposition, with the arching ratio ρ increasing at first and then decreasing. The arching effect is the weakest at a deposition angle of θ = 30° in obliquely deposited granular masses. It is also found that the vertical displacement of particles in the ultimate phase increases initially; it then decreases with the variation in the orientation of particle deposition, and the largest displacement occurs at θ = 30°.
Numerical study on the rupture behavior of funicular liquid bridge between three spheres
Authors: Wang Shaohan , Wang Jipeng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Owing to the increase in saturation, unsaturated soil slopes are prone to experiencing landslides and mudflows during the rainy seasons. As liquid volume rises, the funicular regime between multiple particles gradually replaces the pendular regime within unsaturated granular soil. This study establishes a numerical model of a funicular liquid bridge between three spherical particles using the Surface Evolver software. The equilibrium state of the funicular bridge was examined using energy-minimization methods. The effects of liquid volume, contact angle, upper particle-pair gap, and separation distance on the capillary force and rupture distance were investigated. Finally, the relationship between capillary force and rupture distance is further elucidated based on meniscus profiles.
Numerical modeling bearing capacity in wetting unsaturated expansive soils
Authors: Yu Yiting , Peng Huimin , Qian Jiangu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To address the load-bearing deterioration of expansive soils uplift pile foundation after moisture absorption, a coupled seepage-soil deformation model for unsaturated expansive soils is implemented into ABAQUS. This modeling work consists primarily of two aspects: (1) The total strain of expansive soils has been decoupled into two parts, i.e., one caused by external loads and calculated by using Mohr-Coulomb plasticity model, and the other induced by wetting swelling and modeled by defining the moisture-swelling relation curve of expansive soils; (2) User-defined field subroutine (USDFLD) is developed by defining suction-dependent soil’s parameters (elastic modulus, cohesion and internal friction angle), and employed to simulate softening behaviors of expansive soils after moisture absorption. he above model is subsequently used to perform 3D finite element modeling and hydraulic-stress coupling analysis on the bearing capacity of pile in expansive soils before and after rainfall. Eventually, the proposed numerical method is validated by simulating a group of full-scale tests.
Slope stability analysis based on rate-dependent soil-water characteristic curve
Authors: Zhiqiang Liu , Gaoxiang Zhang , Yan Liu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Rainfall-induced landslides are a common geological hazard. Analyzing this problem necessitates the use of the unsaturated soil theory, with the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) being a crucial component. Most existing unsaturated soil seepage models are established based on the static soil-water characteristic curve model. However, the dynamic capillary pressure has been observed in experiments conducted in previous studies. In this study, experiments were performed to explore the dynamic impact of the SWCC. The influence of different infiltration rates was studied, and a rate-dependent SWCC model under dynamic conditions was established. The model was validated through experiments. The behavior of an unsaturated soil slope under different rainfall intensities was analyzed based on the equivalent model. The equation for the slope safety factor was then derived using the Bishop method. The slope safety factors based on both the rate-independent and rate-dependent SWCC models were compared. The results indicated that the safety factor continuously decreased with increasing rainfall intensity. The dynamic effect reduced the safety factor, making the slope more susceptible to instability.
Stability Analysis of Jointed Rock Slopes Based on the Universal Elliptical Disc Model
Authors: Jiang Shui-Hua , Chen Jia-Dong , Huang Jinsong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A discrete fracture network (DFN) represents the random distribution of fractures within rock masses in three dimensions and has been widely used in the stability analysis of jointed rock slopes. This study introduces a novel method for constructing three-dimensional DFN models to address the limitations of traditional circular or polygon-based models. This method employs the universal elliptical disc (UED) model, combined with the discrete element method (DEM) in 3DEC, for the probabilistic analysis of jointed rock slope stability. The paper begins with an explanation of the fundamental principles of the UED model, and continues to detail the procedures for creating a three-dimensional DFN using the UED model and for analyzing slope stability using the DEM. An open-pit mine rock slope in the USA serves as a case study to illustrate the application of the proposed method. This approach facilitates the integration of the UED model into 3DEC and offers a more realistic depiction of the three-dimensional DFN, which enhances both the accuracy and efficiency of stability analysis in jointed rock slopes.
Determining Stress Intensity Factors at Varied Inclination Angles through Innovative Discontinuous Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Tian Yuzhe , Zhao Cheng , Xing Jinquan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An innovative method is proposed for determining stress intensity factors at crack tips with different inclination angles, based on the Adaptive Digital Image Correlation (AD-DIC) method. This method involves fitting a set of nonlinear equations with unknown parameters using displacement field data. The initial values for crack tip coordinates and inclination angles, computed through the AD-DIC method, are employed in this process to obtain stress intensity factors at the crack tips. The results demonstrate that this approach accurately captures the crack tip positions and calculates stress intensity factors for cracks at various inclination angles. This addresses the challenge of computing stress intensity factors during the crack propagation stage, where cracks may deviate, making conventional calculations impractical.
Elastic-plastic response of tunnel in GZZ-based constitutive model
Authors: Xiao Y M , Qiao Y F , Guo Y F 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Investigating the stress redistribution characteristics after tunneling is critical for designing and constructing deeply buried tunnels. Three-dimensional stresses are more prominent in deep than in shallow tunnels, resulting in nonlinear strength. The generalized Zhang–Zhu (GZZ) criterion captures the nonlinear strength well. Therefore, this study established a 2D plane-strain numerical model using a GZZ-based constitutive model. The effects of the axial stress and rock properties on the stress redistribution and plastic zone are discussed. The initial axial stresses changed the axial stress distribution after excavation and had little effect on the radial and tangential stress distributions. The size of the plastic zone decreases with decreasing geological strength index and increasing rock mass mi
. However, with increasing dilation coefficient, the stress distributions remained almost unchanged, whereas the radial deformation gradually increased.
Laboratory investigation on injection of supercritical CO2 into basalt: Implication for CO2 sequestration via mineralization
Authors: Zhang Xiufeng , Zhang Fengshou , Song Xuehang , Wei Junjie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing can create a fracture network that enables fluid penetration of a basalt formation with otherwise low porosity, offering a site for rapid CO2 mineralization sequestration. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is a promising fracturing fluid with unique properties, making it well-suited for unconventional oil and gas reservoir stimulation. In this study, experiments of fracturing with water and SC-CO2 were conducted under different injection schemes and formation temperatures. The frackability of basalts was investigated from the perspective of breakdown pressure and fracture morphology. The findings revealed that SC-CO2 fracturing with a low pressurization rate could become an optimized option for enhancing the stimulated effect. The potential of carbon sequestration was roughly estimated based on the area of induced fractures, suggesting that fostering a developed fracture network would aid in the in-situ mineralization and storage of carbon. The variation of element composition obtained from basalt slices containing fractures induced by SC-CO2 under different reaction conditions verified the role of water participation and time scale in the mineralization effect.