bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound perception in realistic surgery scenarios: Towards EEG-based auditory work strain measures for medical personnel
Authors: Rosenkranz Marc , Haupt Thorge , Jaeger Manuela , Uslar Verena N. , Bleichner Martin G. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTSurgical personnel face various stressors in the workplace, including environmental sounds. Mobile electroencephalography (EEG) offers a promising approach for objectively measuring how individuals perceive sounds. In this study, we utilized mobile EEG to explore how a realistic soundscape is perceived during simulated laparoscopic surgery. To examine the varying demands placed on personnel in different situations, we manipulated the cognitive demand during the surgical task, using a memory task. To assess responses to the soundscape, we calculated event-related potentials for distinct sound events and temporal response functions for the ongoing soundscape. Although participants reported varying degrees of demand under different conditions, no significant effects were observed on surgical task performance or EEG parameters. However, changes in surgical task performance and EEG parameters over time were noted, while subjective results remained consistent over time. These findings highlight the importance of using multiple measures to fully understand the complex relationship between sound processing and cognitive demand. Furthermore, in the context of combined EEG and audio recordings in real-life scenarios, sparse representations of the soundscape have advantages over more detailed representations. Our results indicate that both types of representations are equally effective in eliciting neural responses. Overall, this study marks a significant step towards objectively investigating sound processing in applied settings.
Real-World Evidence BRIDGE: a tool to connect protocol with code programming
Authors: Cid Royo A. , Elbers R. , Weibel D. , Hoxhaj V. , Kurkcuoglu Z. , Sturkenboom M. , Andres Vaz T. , Andaur Navarro CL. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveMethodsSeveral statistical analysis plans (SAP) from the Vaccine Monitoring Collaboration for Europe (VAC4EU) were analyzed to identify the study design sections and specifications for programming RWE studies based on multi-databases standardized to common data models. We envisioned a metadata schema that transforms the epidemiologist’s knowledge into a machine-readable format. This machine-readable metadata schema must also contain the different study sections, code lists, and time anchoring specified in the SAPs. Further desired attributes are adaptability and user-friendliness.ResultsWe developed RWE-BRIDGE, a metadata schema with a star-schema model divided into four study design sections with 12 tables: Study Variable Definition with two tables, Cohort Definition with two tables, Post-Exposure Outcome Analysis with one table, and Data Retrieval with seven tables. We provide examples and a step-by-step guide to populate this metadata schema. In addition, we provide a Shiny app that checks the several tables proposed in this metadata strategy. RWE-BRIDGE is available athttps://github.com/UMC-Utrecht-RWE/RWE-BRIDGE.DiscussionThe RWE-BRIDGE has been designed to support the translation of study design sections from statistical analysis plans into analytical pipelines, facilitating collaboration and transparency between lead researchers and scientific programmers and reducing hard coding and repetition. This metadata schema strategy is flexible by supporting different common data models and programming languages, and it is adaptable to the specific needs of each SAP by adding further tables or fields, if necessary. Modified versions of the RWE-BRIGE have been applied in several RWE studies within the VAC4EU ecosystem.ConclusionThe RWE-BRIDGE offers a systematic approach to detailing what type of variables, time anchoring, and algorithms are required for a specific RWE study. Applying this metadata schema can facilitate the communication between epidemiologists and programmers in a transparent manner.
Exposure-Response to High PM2.5Levels for Cardiovascular Events in High-risk Older Adults in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Shu-Ping , Su Chien-Chou , Lin Chuan-Yao , Nethery Rachel , Josey Kevin , Bates Benjamin , Robinson David , Gandhi Poonam , Rua Melanie , Parthasarathi Ashwaghosha , Setoguchi Soko , Kao Yang Yea-Huei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMultiple studies from countries with relatively lower PM2.5level demonstrated that acute and chronic exposure even at lower than recommended level, e.g., 9 μg/m3in the US increased the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. However, limited studies using individual level data exist from countries with a wider range of PM levels to illustrate shape of the exposure-response curve throughout the range including > 20 μg/m3PM2·5concentrations. Taiwan with its policies reduced PM2.5over time provide opportunities to illustrate the dose response curves and how reductions of PM2.5over time correlated with CV events incidence in a nationwide sample.MethodsUsing data from the 2009-2019 Taiwan National Health Insurance Database linked to nationwide PM2.5 data. We examined the shape and magnitude of the exposure-response curve between seasonal average PM2·5level and CV events-related hospitalizations among older adults at high-risk for CV events. We used history-adjusted marginal structural models including potential confounding by individual demographic factors, baseline comorbidities, and health service measures. To quantify the risk below and above 20 μg/m3we conducted stratified Cox regression. We also plotted PM2.5and CV events from 2009-2019 as well as average temperature as a comparison.FindingsUsing the PM2.5concentration <15 μg/m3(Taiwan regulatory standard) as a reference, the seasonal average PM2.5concentration (15-23.5μg/m3and > 23.5 μg/m3) were associated with hazard ration of 1.13 (95%CI 1.09-1.18) and 1.19 (95%CI 1.14-1.24), 1.07 (95%CI 1.03-1.11) and 1.14 (95%CI 1.10-1.18), 1.22 (95%CI 1.08-1.38) and 1.31 (95%CI 1.16-1.48), 1.04 (95%CI 0.98-1.10) and 1.10 (95%CI 1.04-1.16) respectively for HF, IS/TIA,PE/DVT and MI/ACS. A nonlinear relationship between PM2·5and CV events outcomes was observed at PM2·5levels above 20 μg/m3.InterpretationA nonlinear exposure-response relationship between PM2·5 concentration and the incidence of cardiovascular events exists when PM2.5 is higher than the levels recommended by WHO Air Quality Guidelines. Further lowering PM2·5 levels beyond current regulatory standards may effectively reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events, particularly HF and DVT, and can lead to tangible health benefits in high-risk elderly population.
Compositional structural brain signatures capture Alzheimer’s genetic risk on brain structure along the diseasecontinuum
Authors: Genius Patricia , Calle M.Luz , Rodríguez-Fernández Blanca , Minguillon Carolina , Cacciaglia Raffaele , Garrido-Martin Diego , Esteller Manel , Navarro Arcadi , Gispert Juan Domingo , Vilor-Tejedor Natalia ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   ALFA study
Published: May 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTraditional brain imaging genetics studies have primarily focused on how genetic factors influence the volume of specific brain regions, often neglecting the overall complexity of brain architecture and its genetic underpinnings.METHODSThis study analyzed data from participants across the Alzheimer’s disease (AD)continuumfrom the ALFA and ADNI studies. We exploited compositional data analysis to examine relative brain volumetric variations that (i) differentiate cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals, defined as amyloid-negative (A-) based on CSF profiling, from those at different AD stages, and (ii) associated with increased genetic susceptibility to AD, assessed using polygenic risk scores.RESULTSDistinct brain signatures differentiated CU A-individuals from amyloid-positive MCI and AD. Moreover, disease stage-specific signatures were associated with higher genetic risk of AD.DISCUSSIONThe findings underscore the complex interplay between genetics and disease stages in shaping brain structure, which could inform targeted preventive strategies and interventions in preclinical AD.
Stochastic growth and selective stabilization generate stereotyped dendritic arbors
Authors: Shi Rebecca , Ho Xue Yan , Tao Li , Taylor Caitlin A. , Zhao Ting , Zou Wei , Lizzappi Malcolm , Eichel Kelsie , Shen Kang 
Published: May 2024

SummaryStereotyped dendritic arbors are shaped by dynamic and stochastic growth during neuronal development. It remains unclear how guidance receptors and ligands coordinate branch dynamic growth, retraction, and stabilization to specify dendritic arbors. We previously showed that extracellular ligand SAX-7/LICAM dictates the shape of the PVD sensory neuron via binding to the dendritic guidance receptor DMA-1, a single transmembrane adhesion molecule. Here, we perform structure-function analyses of DMA-1 and unexpectedly find that robust, stochastic dendritic growth does not require ligand-binding. Instead, ligand-binding inhibits growth, prevents retraction, and specifies arbor shape. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dendritic growth requires a pool of ligand-free DMA-1, which is maintained by receptor endocytosis and reinsertion to the plasma membrane via recycling endosomes. Mutants defective of DMA-1 endocytosis show severely truncated dendritic arbors. We present a model in which ligand-free guidance receptor mediates intrinsic, stochastic dendritic growth, while extracellular ligands instruct dendrite shape by inhibiting growth.
Closed-loop modulation of remote hippocampal representations with neurofeedback
Authors: Coulter Michael E. , Gillespie Anna K. , Chu Joshua , Denovellis Eric L. , Nguyen Trevor T.K. , Liu Daniel F. , Wadhwani Katherine , Sharma Baibhav , Wang Kevin , Deng Xinyi , Eden Uri T. , Kemere Caleb , Frank Loren M. 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYHumans can remember specific remote events without acting on them and influence which memories are retrieved based on internal goals. However, animal models typically present sensory cues to trigger memory retrieval and then assess retrieval based on action. Thus, it is difficult to determine whether measured neural activity patterns relate to the cue(s), the memory, or the behavior. We therefore asked whether retrieval-related neural activity could be generated in animals without cues or a behavioral report. We focused on hippocampal “place cells” which primarily represent the animal’s current location (local representations) but can also represent locations away from the animal (remote representations). We developed a neurofeedback system to reward expression of remote representations and found that rats could learn to generate specific spatial representations that often jumped directly to the experimenter-defined target location. Thus, animals can deliberately engage remote representations, enabling direct study of retrieval-related activity in the brain.
TRIM9 controls growth cone responses to netrin through DCC and UNC5C
Authors: Mutalik Sampada P. , O’Shaughnessy Ellen C. , Ho Chris T. , Gupton Stephanie L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe guidance cue netrin-1 promotes both growth cone attraction and growth cone repulsion. How netrin-1 elicits these diverse axonal responses, beyond engaging the attractive receptor DCC and repulsive receptors of the UNC5 family, remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that murine netrin-1 induces biphasic axonal responses in cortical neurons: attraction at lower concentrations and repulsion at higher concentrations using both a microfluidic-based netrin-1 gradient and bath application of netrin-1. TRIM9 is a brain-enriched E3 ubiquitin ligase previously shown to bind and cluster the attractive receptor DCC at the plasma membrane and regulate netrin-dependent attractive responses. However, whether TRIM9 also regulated repulsive responses to netrin-1 remained to be seen. In this study, we show that TRIM9 localizes and interacts with both the attractive netrin receptor DCC and the repulsive netrin receptor, UNC5C, and that deletion of murine Trim9 alters both attractive and repulsive responses to murine netrin-1. TRIM9 was required for netrin-1-dependent changes in surface levels of DCC and total levels of UNC5C in the growth cone during morphogenesis. We demonstrate that DCC at the membrane regulates growth cone area and show that TRIM9 negatively regulates FAK activity in the absence of netrin-1. We investigate membrane dynamics of the UNC5C receptor using pH-mScarlet fused to the extracellular domain of UNC5C. Minutes after netrin addition, levels of UNC5C at the plasma membrane drop in a TRIM9-independent fashion, however TRIM9 regulated the mobility of UNC5C in the plasma membrane in the absence of netrin-1. Together this work demonstrates that TRIM9 interacts with and regulates both DCC and UNC5C during attractive and repulsive axonal responses to netrin-1.
Effect of muscarinic blockade on the speed of attention shifting and learning
Authors: Thiele Alexander , Milner Agnes McDonald , Hall Corwyn , Mayhew Lucy , Carter Anthony , Sanjeev Sidharth 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate to what extent blockade of muscarinic receptors affects the speed of endogenous versus exogenous attentional shift times, and how it affects learning induced improvements of attention shift times. Subjects viewed an array of 10 moving clocks and reported the time a clock indicated when cued. Target clocks were indicated by peripheral or central cues, including conditions of pre-cuing. This allowed assessing shift times when attention was pre-allocated, when peripheral cues triggered exogenous attention shifts, and when central cues triggered endogenous attention shifts. In study 1, each subject participated in 2 sessions (scopolamine/placebo), whereby the order of drug intake was counterbalanced across subjects, and subjects were blinded to conditions. Scopolamine/placebo was administered before a psychophysical experiment was conducted. In study 2, the effect of muscarinic blockade on learning induced improvements of attention shift times was investigated. Here scopolamine/placebo was administered immediately after the first (of two) psychophysical sessions, whereby a given subject either received scopolamine or placebo pills. Confirming previous results, we show that pre-cuing resulted in the fastest shift times, followed by exogenous cuing, with endogenous attentional shifts being slowest. Scopolamine application increased attentional shift times across all 3 conditions compared to placebo, but in a dose dependent manner. Additionally, blockade of muscarinic receptors immediately after the first session reduced learning dependent improvement of attention shift times. These results demonstrate that muscarinic receptors play an important role in attention shifting, and they contribute to learning of attention shifting.
Embryonically Active Piriform Cortex Neurons Promote Intracortical Recurrent Connectivity during Development
Authors: Wang David C. , Santos-Valencia Fernando , Song Jun H. , Franks Kevin M. , Luo Liqun 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYNeuronal activity plays a critical role in the maturation of circuits that propagate sensory information into the brain. How widely does early activity regulate circuit maturation across the developing brain? Here, we used Targeted Recombination in Active Populations (TRAP) to perform a brain-wide survey for prenatally active neurons in mice and identified the piriform cortex as an abundantly TRAPed region. Whole-cell recordings in neonatal slices revealed preferential interconnectivity within embryonically TRAPed piriform neurons and their enhanced synaptic connectivity with other piriform neurons.In vivoNeuropixels recordings in neonates demonstrated that embryonically TRAPed piriform neurons exhibit broad functional connectivity within piriform and lead spontaneous synchronized population activity during a transient neonatal period, when recurrent connectivity is strengthening. Selectively activating or silencing of these neurons in neonates enhanced or suppressed recurrent synaptic strength, respectively. Thus, embryonically TRAPed piriform neurons represent an interconnected hub-like population whose activity promotes recurrent connectivity in early development.
Experiences of middle managers in transitioning to and managing teams in hybrid work: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Teng-Calleja Mendiola , Caringal-Go Jaimee Felice , Mactal Ma. Tonirose D. , Fabul Jonah L. , H. Reyes Rhoger Marvin , Bulilan Ed Joseph , Kilboy Clarisse Aeaea M. , Cementina-Olpoc Raquel 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to explore the experiences and sense-making of middle managers in transitioning to and implementing hybrid work arrangements.Design/methodology/approachUsing the lens and analytical procedures of interpretative phenomenological analysis, data were collected during the transition time at the tail end of the COVID-19 pandemic as many organizations were navigating the hybrid work setup. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 middle managers from various organizations in the Philippines that have been implementing a hybrid work arrangement for at least 3 months.FindingsFindings illustrate the challenges experienced by the middle managers in facilitating a smooth transition to onsite work, managing adjustments on when and where to work and bridging the imperatives of top management as well as the preferences of team members (managing upward and downward). The results describe strategies used by middle managers to balance deliverables and employee needs while demonstrating compassionate leadership in relating with direct reports. The middle managers also engaged in self-care, used reframing and sought support from family and peers to cope with challenges.Practical implicationsThe findings exemplified how the middle managers experience of transitioning to hybrid work reflect various contextual and cultural nuances. These external realities must be considered in providing support to these groups of employees particularly in developing leadership programs that addresses their social and emotional needs.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the limited research on middle managers' experiences in a hybrid work setup despite their critical role as change agents responsible for leading teams (van Dam et al., 2021).
“Listen with your ears and eyes and heart and your minds and your soul”: Implications for decolonising consultation and occupational therapy from case studies on “Closing the Gap” policy implementation
Authors: George Emma , Ritchie Tirritpa , Ryan Ashleigh , Fisher Matt , Baum Fran , Mackean Tamara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIncluding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities through consultation has been a key feature of policy implementation throughout the Australian Government's “Closing the Gap” (CTG) strategy. However, consultation often reinforces power imbalances between government and local community and can undervalue or marginalise Indigenous knowledge and leadership. Occupational therapy has a short history of examining colonial power structures within the profession, but there has been limited progress to decolonise consultation and practice.MethodsDrawing on decolonising research methodology and positioned at the interface of knowledge, comparative case studies were used to understand policy implementation in two regions. In Shepparton, Victoria, CTG policy was implemented predominately through an Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, and in Southern Adelaide, South Australia, CTG policy was implemented through mainstream state government and non‐government providers in the absence of a local Aboriginal‐controlled organisation. Findings were examined critically to identify implications for occupational therapy.ResultsOur case studies showed that policy stakeholders perceived consultation to be tokenistic and partnerships were viewed differently by Aboriginal and non‐Indigenous participants. Participants identified the need to move beyond a rhetoric of “working with” Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, to promote Aboriginal leadership and really listen to community so that policy can respond to local need. The findings of this research show that Aboriginal‐controlled services are best positioned to conduct and respond to community consultation.ConclusionA decolonising approach to consultation would shift the status quo in policy implementation in ways that realign power away from colonial structures towards collaboration with Indigenous leadership and the promotion of Aboriginal‐controlled services. There are lessons for occupational therapy from this research on policy implementation on authentic, decolonised consultation as a key feature of policy implementation. Shifting power imbalances through prioritising Indigenous leadership and honouring what is shared can drive change in CTG policy implementation processes and outcomes.
Formative personal experiences: How benefit recipiency and income changes shape perceptions of system abuse
Authors: VAN HOOTEGEM ARNO , HELGØY ANNA , NEMČOK MIROSLAV 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPerceptions that others will contribute their fair share are fundamental to the legitimacy of the political system. To better understand how these perceptions take shape beyond the influence of political narratives and socializations, this paper investigates the role of the formative personal experiences of benefit recipiency and income changes in explaining views on welfare abuse as well as tax evasion. Theoretically, both increasing identification or ‘othering’ could occur when these experiences lead to new group adherence. To test this empirically, three‐wave Norwegian panel data (2014–2017) are analysed. Within‐ as well as between‐group analyses show that becoming dependent on benefits leads to lower perceptions of welfare abuse, while positive income changes prompt higher perceptions of tax evasion, albeit mostly among those with lower income levels. Overall, this article shows that formative personal experiences affect views that are fundamental to the perceived fairness, legitimacy and sustainability of the social and political system.
Prompt engineering: The next big skill in rheumatology research
Authors: Venerito Vincenzo , Lalwani Devansh , Del Vescovo Sergio , Iannone Florenzo , Gupta Latika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) like GPT‐4 and Claude are catalyzing transformation across medical research including rheumatology. This review examines their applications, highlighting the pivotal role of prompt engineering in effectively guiding LLMs. Key aspects explored include literature synthesis, data analysis, manuscript drafting, coding assistance, privacy considerations, and generative artificial intelligence integrations. While LLMs accelerate workflows, reliance without apt prompting jeopardizes accuracy. By methodically constructing prompts and gauging model outputs, researchers can maximize relevance and utility. Locally run open‐source models also offer data privacy protections. As LLMs permeate rheumatology research, developing expertise in strategic prompting and assessing model limitations is critical. With proper oversight, LLMs markedly boost scholarly productivity.