bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enacting Sustainable School-Based Health Initiatives: A Communication-Centered Approach to Policy and Practice
Authors: LeGreco Marianne , Canary Heather E. 
Published: January 2011

Communication plays an important role in all aspects of the development and use of policy. We present a communication-centered perspective on the processes of enacting public health policies. Our proposed conceptual framework comprises 4 communication frames: orientation, amplification, implementation, and integration. Empirical examples from 2 longitudinal studies of school-based health policies show how each frame includes different communication processes that enable sustainable public health policy practices in school-based health initiatives. These 4 frames provide unique insight into the capacity of school-based public health policy to engage youths, parents, and a broader community of stakeholders. Communication is often included as an element of health policy; however, our framework demonstrates the importance of communication as a pivotal resource in sustaining changes in public health practices.
Manufacturing Credibility: The National Energy Management Institute and the Tobacco Institute's Strategy for Indoor Air Quality
Authors: Campbell Richard B. , Balbach Edith D. 
Published: January 2011

Objectives. We studied tobacco industry efforts during the 1980s and 1990s to promote the National Energy Management Institute (NEMI), a nonprofit organization, as an authority on indoor air quality as part of the industry's strategy to oppose smoke-free worksite policies. Methods. We analyzed tobacco industry documents, conducted literature searches in Lexis–Nexis for background and historical literature, and reviewed relevant public health and policy literature. Results. The tobacco industry provided more than US $6 million to NEMI to establish it as an authority on indoor air quality and to work with it to undermine support for smoke-free air policies by promoting ventilation as a solution to indoor air quality problems. Tobacco industry support for NEMI was not publicly disclosed. Conclusions. NEMI was a valuable ally for the tobacco industry through NEMI's ties to organized labor, its technical background, and its status as a third-party actor. NEMI also helped the industry to portray ventilation to improve overall indoor air quality and smoke-free worksites as an either–or choice; in fact, both can improve worker health.
Computational Studies of Two-Phase Cement/CO2/Brine Interaction in Wellbore Environments
Authors: Carey J. William , Lichtner Peter C. 
Published: January 2011

Summary
Wellbore integrity is essential to ensuring long-term isolation of buoyant supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) during geologic sequestration of CO2. In this paper, we summarize recent progress in numerical simulations of cement/brine/CO2 interactions with respect to migration of CO2 outside of casing. Using typical values for the hydrologic properties of cement, caprock (shale), and reservoir materials, we show that the capillary properties of good-quality cement will prevent flow of CO2 into and through cement. Rather, CO2, if present, is likely to be confined to the casing/cement or cement/formation interface. CO2 does react with the cement by diffusion from the interface into the cement, in which case it produces distinct carbonation fronts within the cement. This is consistent with observations of cement performance at the CO2-enhanced-oil-recovery Scurry Area Canyon Reef Operators Committee (SACROC) unit in west Texas (Carey et al. 2007). For poor-quality cement, flow through cement may occur and would produce a pattern of uniform carbonation without reaction fronts. We also consider an alternative explanation for cement carbonation reactions as caused by CO2 derived from caprock. We show that carbonation reactions in cement are limited to surficial reactions when CO2 pressure is low (&lt; 10 bar), as might be expected in many caprock environments. For the case of caprock overlying natural CO2 reservoirs for millions of years, we consider the Scherer and Huet (2009) hypothesis of diffusive steady state between CO2 in the reservoir and in the caprock. We find that, in this case, the aqueous CO2 concentration would differ little from that in the reservoir and would be expected to produce carbonation reaction fronts in cements that are relatively uniform as a function of depth.
A Probabilistic Collocation-Based Kalman Filter for History Matching
Authors: Zeng Lingzao , Chang Haibin , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: January 2011

Summary
The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been used widely for data assimilation. Because the EnKF is a Monte Carlo-based method, a large ensemble size is required to reduce the sampling errors. In this study, a probabilistic collocation-based Kalman filter (PCKF) is developed to adjust the reservoir parameters to honor the production data. It combines the advantages of the EnKF for dynamic data assimilation and the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) for efficient uncertainty quantification. In this approach, all the system parameters and states and the production data are approximated by the PCE. The PCE coefficients are solved with the probabilistic collocation method (PCM). Collocation realizations are constructed by choosing collocation point sets in the random space. The simulation for each collocation realization is solved forward in time independently by means of an existing deterministic solver, as in the EnKF method. In the analysis step, the needed covariance is approximated by the PCE coefficients. In this study, a square-root filter is employed to update the PCE coefficients. After the analysis, new collocation realizations are constructed. With the parameter collocation realizations as the inputs and the state collocation realizations as initial conditions, respectively, the simulations are forwarded to the next analysis step. Synthetic 2D water/oil examples are used to demonstrate the applicability of the PCKF in history matching. The results are compared with those from the EnKF on the basis of the same analysis. It is shown that the estimations provided by the PCKF are comparable to those obtained from the EnKF. The biggest improvement of the PCKF comes from the leading PCE approximation, with which the computational burden of the PCKF can be greatly reduced by means of a smaller number of simulation runs, and the PCKF outperforms the EnKF for a similar computational effort. When the correlation ratio is much smaller, the PCKF still provides estimations with a better accuracy for a small computational effort.
A Comparative Study of the Probabilistic-Collocation and Experimental-Design Methods for Petroleum-Reservoir Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Li Heng , Sarma Pallav , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: January 2011

Summary
Reservoir modeling and simulation are subject to significant uncertainty, which usually arises from heterogeneity of the geological formation and deficiency of measured data. Uncertainty quantification, thus, plays an important role in reservoir simulation. In order to perform accurate uncertainty analysis, a large number of simulations are often required. However, it is usually prohibitive to do so because even a single simulation of practical large-scale simulation models may be quite time consuming. Therefore, efficient approaches for uncertainty quantification are a necessity. The experimental-design (ED) method is applied widely in the petroleum industry for assessing uncertainties in reservoir production and economic appraisal. However, a key disadvantage of this approach is that it does not take into account the full probability-density functions (PDFs) of the input random parameters consistently—that is, the full PDFs are not used for sampling and design but used only during post-processing, and there is an inherent assumption that the distributions of these parameters are uniform (during sampling), which is rarely the case in reality. In this paper, we propose an approach to deal with arbitrary input probability distributions using the probabilistic-collocation method (PCM). Orthogonal polynomials for arbitrary distributions are first constructed numerically, and then PCM is used for uncertainty propagation. As a result, PCM can be applied efficiently for any arbitrary numerical or analytical distribution of the input parameters. It can be shown that PCM provides optimal convergence rates for linear models, whereas no such guarantees are provided by ED. The approach is also applicable to discrete distributions. PCM and ED are compared on a few synthetic and realistic reservoir models. Different types of PDFs are considered for a number of reservoir parameters. Results indicate that, while the computational efforts are greatly reduced compared to Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, PCM is able to accurately quantify uncertainty of various reservoir performance parameters. Results also reveal that PCM is more robust, more accurate, and more efficient than ED for uncertainty analysis.
Frequency of lactase persistence genotype in a healthy Polish population
Authors: Płoszaj Tomasz , Jędrychowska-Dańska Krystyna , Witas Henryk 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The majority of mammals are unable to digest lactose due to post-weaning deactivation of the LCT gene, which is responsible for encoding the enzyme lactase (i.e., adult-type hypolactasia). A substitution of C with T at position −13910 bp upstream of the LCT gene has been linked to the lactase persistence phenotype in European populations. We investigated the frequency of LCT-13910C>T polymorphism in 223 blood donors from central Poland. All samples were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. The LCT-13910 T allele (lactase persistence) was present in 51% of individuals sampled from the Polish population. We did not find any non-European variants associated with lactase persistence (LCT-13907C>G, LCT-13913T>C, LCT-13915T>G), or any new polymorphisms within the sequenced region. Allele frequencies obtained are in agreement with results from other countries and confirm the unique pattern of distribution of the LCT-13910C>T genotype in Europe.
La vénération des icônes miraculeuses dans l'orthodoxie contemporaine : l'exemple de la copie de Bronnicy d'après l'icône de la Vierge de Jérusalem
Authors: Čistjakov Petr 
Published: January 2011

The veneration of miraculous icons in the Russian Orthodox Church: The
Bronnicy copy of the icon of the Virgin of Jerusalem
The veneration of icons is one of the most widespread forms of piety in the Orthodox Church. Unpublished archives and field surveys carried out in 2002-2004 are used to study how this worship has changed down through history (starting with Peter the Great's ecclesiastical reforms) by focusing on the Bronnicy copy of the icon of the Virgin of Jerusalem. In the quest for authentic practices, believers are actively helping to preserve and revive ancient customs related to miraculous icons. In the 19th century, the icon was venerated solely because it was thought to heal sickness, whereas the notion of miracle is now taking on new meanings.
Identité et pratiques. Le cas des judaïsants russes
Authors: L'Vov Aleksandr 
Published: January 2011

Identity and practices: The case of Russian Judaisers
Subbotnikiy a religious movement among Russians, came into being in the central Russia during the 18th-century and still exists. It differs from other iconoclastic movements (Dukhobors and Molokans) owing both to its exclusive adherence to the Old Testament and to its Jewish religious practices and interest in the literature of Russian Judaism. This simultaneous reference to two different principles - to the Old Testament and to the authority of Jewish oral traditions - led to tensions in this movement, which split between "Karaïm-Subbotniki" and "Talmudist-Geres". A dispute in the late 1990s in the Jewish community in Volgograd is studied that involved new tendencies in Judaism: on the one hand, the representatives of Israeli cultural organizations and later of someone sent by the Lubavitch Hasids; and on the other hand, the traditions of Subbotniki, who, till quite recently, formed this community's core. This analysis distinguishes two ideal types of communities: "textual" communities (a term borrowed from Brian Stock) and "personified" communities.
Les revenus et les dépenses des ménages comme indicateurs de bien-être
Authors: Kortchaguina Irina 
Published: January 2011

Household income and expenditures
as indicators of well-being
Incomes and expenditures are two aspects of well-being based on the formation and use of income that, in principle, should be balanced in each household. However data from a vast survey on the standard of living in the Russian Federation reveal that, in some households, expenditures overshoot incomes whereas, in others, the opposite is true. As a consequence, households might be considered poor in terms of income but not of expenditures; and vice-versa. Poverty should not be seen in relation to one of these aspects alone. The most relevant criterion combines a household's income and expenditures in order to assess well-being and poverty.
La difficile prise en compte de la production domestique dans la mesure de l'inégalité et de la pauvreté : problèmes conceptuels et empiriques
Authors: Verger Daniel 
Published: January 2011

The difficulty of taking household production
into account when measuring inequality and poverty:
Conceptual and empirical problems
Household production has a far from negligible impact on living standards. In a country like France, more hours are devoted to home work than to an outside job. A characteristic of all the countries undergoing an economic transition, including Russia, is that a major portion of national wealth is left unmeasured: the underground economy, undeclared jobs and, too, the perfectly legal activities of household production. Whatever the country, taking this factor into account raises several conceptual and empirical problems. Although a definition based on the notion of "delegability" has been widely discussed, there is no consensus about the activities to retain, and it is hard to measure the time devoted to household production. Moreover, several theoretical options yield contrasting results depending on how this phenomenon is quantified (potential wages, the market value of the products obtained, the price that would have been paid to have the work done). Regardless of the option retained, household production has major microeconomic effects. In France, it significantly reduces inequality but has slight impact on poverty, since it mainly concerns the middle classes. Observations in Russia would probably differ, but they are yet to be made.
Dynamiques de pauvreté en Russie : une analyse en termes d'entrées et de sorties
Authors: Clément Matthieu 
Published: January 2011

The dynamics of poverty in Russia:
An analysis in terms of exit and entry
Since poverty in Russia is mainly a transitory phenomenon, with many movements in and out, analyzing it necessitates evaluating transition probabilities. Data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey and duration models are used to study poverty transitions in Russia between 1994 and 2000. A nonpara- metric method estimates poverty exit, entry and re-entry rates, which depend on how long spells of poverty and nonpoverty last. Logistic discrete-time models are then estimated separately for exits and entries so as to identify the factors associated with poverty transitions. Variables are introduced for taking into account strategic household behaviors; and emphasis is laid on the distinction between promotion and prevention strategies with the aims, respectively, of exiting from, or preventing an entry into, poverty.
L'énergie, vulnérabilité stratégique persistante de l'Ukraine
Authors: Dubien Arnaud 
Published: January 2011

Energy, a persistent strategic point of vulnerability for Ukraine
Energy represents the major economic, political and strategic challenge that Ukraine is facing fifteen years after independence. The "gas war" with Russia in late 2005 exposed this persistent vulnerability. In order to obtain gradual price hikes, Kiev had to accept most of the conditions demanded by Gazprom: separation of the problem of the supply of gas to Ukraine from the question of transportation toward Europe, access to the domestic market. Since a new coalition mainly made up of forces sensitive to Russian interests has come to power in Kiev, tensions in matters of energy should lessen for the time being. Eventually, only a thoroughgoing restructuring of the economy - the most "energy hungry" in the world - will enable Ukraine to limit its dependence and thus improve its position in Europe.
Les outils militaires dans l'intégration de l'Ukraine à la vie internationale : le triangle Kiev-Otan-Moscou
Authors: Facon Isabelle 
Published: January 2011

The military means for Ukraine's integration in international affairs: The Kiev-NATO-Moscow triangle
Endowed with an important military inheritance at the time of independence in 1991, Ukraine had the means to consolidate the main attribute of a nation-state, namely the armed forces. The latter were deemed especially valuable in dealing with what was seen as the major potential threat to the newly recovered sovereignty: Russia. The Ukrainian elites gradually considered that the plan to join NATO represented the most effective option, since it theoretically offered the best protection against any lingering Russian neoimperi- alistic tendencies and was in line with Kiev's desire to "return to Europe". The road is not an easy one however. Beyond issues related to military reform (for which Ukraine has effectively proven its willingness to change), the highly unstable political context is impeding the necessary structural, political and economic transformations.
Des experts en démocratisation face aux change­ments révolutionnaires : le cas des fondations politiques allemandes
Authors: Dakowska Dorota 
Published: January 2011

Experts on democratization faced with revolutionary changes: German political foundations
When analyzing the involvement of external actors in revolutionary changes, the case of German political foundations leads us to broaden the time scale. Strongly embedded in the post-WW II institutional context, these foundations managed to develop strategies for partisan cooperation on various continents. Examining their involvement in central Europe before and after 1989 sheds light on relations between Western organizations and dissident movements. By focusing on how these foundations were embedded in German politics, we see that support for democracy abroad, far from being a consensual matter, could lead to conflicting interpretations at home.
Pourquoi les firmes métallurgiques russes s'inter­nationalisent-elles ? Une perspective institutionnelle et systémique
Authors: Durand Cédric 
Published: January 2011

Why are Russian metallurgical firms going international? A systemic, institutional perspective
Since 2002, Russian metallurgical firms have been investing abroad. Taking advantage of the favorable economic climate in the sector, they have set up plants in both peripheral and core countries of the world economy. How far does this phenomenon, which is symptomatic of the development of multinational corporations originating from emerging countries, reach? This institutional, systemic perspective presents three sorts of determinants of internationalization: growth based on the company's own resources, the quest for competitive advantages so as to improve the firm's position in relation to its international rivals, and a complex interaction with those who wield political power in Russia.
La rénovation rurale en Allemagne. Bilans et perspectives d'un programme réussi
Authors: Henkel Gerhard 
Published: January 2011

Rural renovation in Germany:
The assessment and prospects of a successful program
Devoted since the 1960s to modernizing farming and adapting villages to highway traffic, the Federal Republic's rural renovation policy underwent a deep change during the 1980s, as emphasis was laid on a "global" approach to rural geography and on restoring buildings and preserving the natural environment. Since reunification in 1990, the policy of helping the east catch up with the west has exposed the limits of programs mainly based on exogenous interventions. Given the current objective of sustainable development, Federal policy is paying closer attention to the needs for local amenities and services and to the promotion of endogenous
Campagnes et naturalité : la redéfinition d'un rapport à la nature dans les espaces ruraux des nouveaux Lànder.
Authors: Depraz Samuel 
Published: January 2011

The countryside and nature: Redefining the relation to nature in rural areas in the new German Lander
German reunification in 1990 entailed a first-order change in politics and society in the new Lander. Ambitious projects for protecting up to nearly 10% of the former German Democratic Republic's surface area have significantly changed policies related to nature conservation. This ecological program, very strict at times, has caused friction among local actors about the question of which areas to protect. An ecological duty was thrust upon rural areas that had just recovered local autonomy and democracy - areas with development projects that might be far from compatible with conservation. Apart from conflict, creating parks has set off a debate about the German countryside's new identity and the inevitable integration of environmental concerns in rural development policies. Some participatory forces, catalyzed by these national parks, are evidence of a growing convergence in perceptions of the territoru.
ONG, mouvements et partis roms en Bulgarie : quels modes d'organisation pour quelle articulation des intérêts ?
Authors: Marušiakova Elena , Popov Veselin 
Published: January 2011

Romani NGOs, movements and political parties in Bulgaria:
Competing forms of organization and definitions of group interests
The Romani community has become involved in politics and in NGOs, which have grown quickly since 1989. Given international funding and "expertise", a "Gypsy industry" emerged during the 1990. Though supposedly providing answers to the problems of Roma in Bulgaria, it has had an ambiguous impact on defining common interests for Romani communities and defending them. Political representation has not always been a worthwhile alternative to NGOs, which have multiplied thanks to international funding. Since 1990, the strategies of Romani political "entrepreneurs" have fluctuated. Some of them have wanted to run on the tickets of the so-called "generalist" parties, while others have tried to form a pact with the Movement of Rights and Freedom (which represents the Turkish minority's interests), and still others are supporting an alliance among Romani political formations that would reach beyond cleavages within the community. Given the visibility of the "Romani social problem" on the international and European levels, articulating the internal and external (international organizations, Western foundations, Europeans, etc.) definitions of the issues involved represents a major challenge.
La communautarisation du politique en Bosnie-Herzégovine
Authors: Bieber Florian 
Published: January 2011

The politics of communities in Bosnia-Herzegovina
While defending the thesis that the preponderance of ethnic politics in Bosnia is not at all a recent phenomenon, nor can it be blamed on the Dayton Agreement alone, this study of the relation between ethnic identities and political parties in Bosnia-Herzegovina does not seek to suggest that the prevalence of ethnicity is natural or permanent. Since the war ended in 1995, nationalist parties have waned and now have to compete with moderate parties. Interparty competition takes place more intensely within each ethnic group than between formations that are vying for the votes of Muslim Bosnians, Serbs and Croats regardless of their ethnic affiliation. This trend has been reinforced by the territorial concentration resulting from the war and ethnic cleansing.