bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential diagnosis of contact dermatitis: A practical‐approach review by the EADV Task Force on contact dermatitis
Authors: Pesqué David , Aerts Olivier , Bizjak Mojca , Gonçalo Margarida , Dugonik Aleksandra , Simon Dagmar , Ljubojević‐Hadzavdić Suzana , Malinauskiene Laura , Wilkinson Mark , Czarnecka‐Operacz Magdalena , Krecisz Beata , John Swen M. , Balato Anna , Ayala Fabio , Rustemeyer Thomas , Giménez‐Arnau Ana M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis of eczema (‘dermatitis’) is mostly clinical and depends on the clinical history and exploratory objective findings (primary lesions, patterns). Contact dermatitis remains as an important condition in the group of eczematous disorders, with important socioeconomic and occupational relevance. Although irritant and allergic contact dermatitis have a different pathogenesis, both are characterized by a rather typical morphology, are triggered by external factors and tend to occur primarily in the area of contact with the exogenous agent. In addition, allergic and irritant dermatitis may also co‐exist. The importance of diagnosing contact dermatitis, especially when allergic in nature, is both due to the possibility of avoiding the trigger, and due to its role in aggravating other skin conditions. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of clinical presentations in daily practice may pose an important challenge for the suspicion and correct diagnosis of contact dermatitis. Furthermore, other conditions, with different pathogenesis and treatment, may clinically simulate contact dermatitis. The Task Force aims to conduct a review of the unifying clinical features of contact dermatitis and characterize its main clinical phenotypes, and its simulators, in order to contribute to an early suspicion or recognition of contact dermatitis and enable a correct differential diagnosis.
Responding to the real problem of sustainable resuscitation skills with real assessment. Mixed‐methods evaluation of an authentic assessment programme
Authors: Thompson James , Verrall Claire , Bogaardt Hans , Thirumanickam Abi , Marley Charles , Boyle Malcolm 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe retention of resuscitation skills is a widespread concern, with a rapid decay in competence frequently following training. Meanwhile, training programmes continue to be disconnected with real‐world expectations and assessment designs remain in conflict with the evidence for sustainable learning. This study aimed to evaluate a programmatic assessment pedagogy which employed entrustment decision and the principles of authentic and sustainable assessment (SA).MethodsWe conducted a prospective sequential explanatory mixed methods study to understand and address the sustainable learning challenges faced by final‐year undergraduate paramedic students. We introduced a programme of five authentic assessments based on actual resuscitation cases, each integrating contextual elements that featured in these real‐life events. The student‐tutor consensus assessment (STCA) tool was configured to accommodate an entrustment scale framework. Each test produced dual student led and assessor scores. Students and assessors were surveyed about their experiences with the assessment methodologies and asked to evaluate the programme using the Ottawa Good Assessment Criteria.ResultsEighty‐four students participated in five assessments, generating dual assessor‐only and student‐led results. There was a reported mean score increase of 9% across the five tests and an 18% reduction in borderline or below scores. No statistical significance was observed among the scores from eight assessors across 420 unique tests. The mean student consensus remained above 91% in all 420 tests. Both student and assessor participant groups expressed broad agreement that the Ottawa criteria were well‐represented in the design, and they shared their preference for the authentic methodology over traditional approaches.ConclusionIn addition to confirming local sustainability issues, this study has highlighted the validity concerns that exist with conventional resuscitation training designs. We have successfully demonstrated an alternative pedagogy which responds to these concerns, and which embodies the principles of SA, quality in assessment practice, and the real‐world expectations of professionals.
Who gets an annual review for coeliac disease? Patients with lower health literacy and lower dietary adherence consider them important
Authors: Jeanes Yvonne M. , Kallos Sharon , Muhammad Humayun , Reeves Sue 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundA lifelong gluten‐free (GF) diet to manage coeliac disease is recognised to be challenging. This paper comprises two studies: study one aimed to report the opinions of adults with coeliac disease on review provision and explore factors influencing dietary adherence. Study two aimed to report dietetic provision for adults with coeliac disease.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was completed by 722 adults with coeliac disease, including validated dietary adherence, health literacy and quality‐of‐life questionnaires. An online and paper survey designed to capture the provision of dietetic services to adults with coeliac disease was completed by 88 dietetic departments within the United Kingdom.ResultsOnly 26% of adults with coeliac disease were offered annual reviews. In contrast, 85% considered reviews important, with 62% preferring dietetic provision. Those who considered reviews important had lower health literacy, greater dietary burden, poorer GF dietary adherence and lower GF food knowledge (all p < 0.05) compared with those who did not consider reviews important. GF dietary adherence was associated with health literacy, self‐regulatory behaviours, dietary burden and GF food knowledge; 53% agreed with the ‘cost of GF food restricts what I eat’; they had poorer GF dietary adherence compared with those who disagreed (p < 0.001). More than 72% of dietetic coeliac review provision provided content on improving access to GF foods and eating out of the home.ConclusionsA subpopulation of adults with coeliac disease have a greater need for support and guidance, which supports the viewpoint that limited resources should be targeted towards patients with the most need for support to enable successful disease management.
Understanding engagement in diet and dementia prevention research among British South Asians: a short report of findings from a patient and public involvement group
Authors: Sim Yi J. , Townsend Rebecca F. , Mills Susanna , Stocker Rachel , Stevenson Emma , McEvoy Claire , Fairley Andrea M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundDementia is a global public health challenge. Evidence suggests that individuals from South Asian communities are an at‐risk group for dementia, partly as a result of early and cumulative exposure to known dementia risk factors, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. There needs to be more culturally appropriate community engagement to increase awareness of dementia and identify better strategies to encourage participation in dementia‐related research.MethodsWe aimed to better understand the barriers and facilitators towards engaging with, and participating in, diet and dementia related research among British South Asians. This was achieved using a public and patient involvement (PPI) approach. A community‐based, engagement event involving information sharing from experts and roundtable discussions with South Asian communities (n = 26 contributors) was held in June 2023 in Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK. Collaboration from preidentified PPI representatives (n = 3) informed the content and structure of PPI activities, as well as recruitment. Data were synthesised using template analysis, a form of codebook thematic analysis. This involved deductively analysing data using relevant a priori themes, which were expanded upon, or modified, via inductive analysis.ResultsThe findings highlighted the importance of trust, representation and appreciation of cultural barriers as facilitators to engagement in diet and dementia risk reduction research. Consideration of language barriers, time constraints, social influences and how to embed community outreach activities were reported as driving factors to maximise participation.ConclusionsThis PPI work will inform the design and co‐creation of a culturally adapted dietary intervention for brain health in accordance with the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health and Care Research guidance for developing complex interventions.
Accounting for sample overlap in economics meta‐analyses: The generalized‐weights method in practice
Authors: Bom Pedro R. D. , Rachinger Heiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeta‐analyses in economics frequently exhibit considerable overlap among primary samples. If not addressed, sample overlap leads to efficiency losses and inflated rates of false positives at the meta‐analytical level. In previous work, we proposed a generalized‐weights (GW) approach to handle sample overlap. This approach effectively approximates the correlation structure between primary estimates using information on sample sizes and overlap degrees in the primary studies. This paper demonstrates the application of the GW method to economics meta‐analyses, addressing practical challenges that are likely to be encountered. We account for variations in data aggregation levels, estimation methods, and effect size metrics, among other issues. We derive explicit covariance formulas for different scenarios, evaluate the accuracy of the approximations, and employ Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate how the method enhances efficiency and restores the false positive rate to its nominal level.
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting specific mortality risk: A study of competing risk model based on real endometrial cancer patients
Authors: Qi Lin , Zhao Manyin , Li Wenshu , Mu Nan , Yang Yukun , Yang Zhaojie , Lin Aimin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to construct a competing risk prediction model for predicting specific mortality risks in endometrial cancer patients from the SEER database based on their demographic characteristics and tumor information.MethodsWe collected relevant clinical data on patients with histologically confirmed endometrial cancer in the SEER database between 2010 and 2015. Univariate and multivariate competing risk models were used to analyze the risk factors for endometrial cancer‐specific death, and a predictive nomogram was constructed. C‐index and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) at different time points were used to verify the accuracy of the constructed nomogram.ResultsThere were 26 109 eligible endometrial cancer patients in the training cohort and 11 189 in the validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that Age, Marriage, Grade, Behav, FIGO, Size, Surgery, SurgOth, Radiation, ParaAortic_Nodes, Peritonea, N positive, DX_liver, and DX_lung were independent prognostic factors for specific mortality in endometrial cancer patients. Based on these factors, a nomogram was constructed. Internal validation showed that the nomogram had a good discriminative ability (C‐index = 0.883 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.881–0.884]), and the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year AUC values were 0.901, 0.886 and 0.874, respectively. External validation indicated similar results (C‐index = 0.883 [95%CI: 0.882–0.883]), and the 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐ AUC values were 0.908, 0.885 and 0.870, respectively.ConclusionWe constructed a competing risk model to predict the specific mortality risk among endometrial cancer patients. This model has favorable accuracy and reliability and can provide a reference for the development and update of endometrial cancer prognostic risk assessment tools.
Do we Need a ‘New Strategy Paradigm’? No
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. , Klein Peter G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBansal et al.'s Point piece, "Strategy's Ecological Fallacy: How strategy scholars have contributed to the ecological crisis and what we can do about it," calls for reforming the strategy field to focus on the natural environment, ecological cycles, and interconnections across natural and social levels, in service of value creation for ‘a defined ecosystem that comprises respect for the natural environment’. We doubt that such new foundations are necessary or useful. We argue that Bansal et al. misconstrue the evolution and content of strategy thinking; downplay the usefulness of existing tools for dealing with their issues of concern; overlook problems of measurement, collective action, government failure, and cronyism encouraged by their preferred policies; embrace an unnecessarily alarmist worldview; and underappreciate the social benefits of the market‐based institutions they criticize. We suggest instead that a market system based on clearly delineated property rights, prices that freely adjust to reflect scarcities, and an institutional environment that encourages entrepreneurship and innovation remains an underappreciated instrument for protection of the natural environment, one that is superior to centralized and regulatory alternatives.
Parental Knowledge, Beliefs, Practices, and Barriers Related to Children's Bladder Health in the School Environment
Authors: Venkatapuram Pranaya , Angulo‐Lozano Juan C. , Spinzi Stav , Brown‐Johnson Cati , Phord‐Toy Ashley , Kan Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPediatric lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a set of common childhood problems. Community‐level interventions that target behavioral change among children with LUTS can improve symptoms outside of the clinic environment. Parents, navigating the home and school environments, are key in supporting healthy bladder behaviors. Thus, we asked parents about their perceptions and barriers related to pediatric bladder health.METHODSEnglish‐speaking parents (n = 30) of children ages 5‐10 years with and without LUTS were interviewed. Transcripts were coded iteratively by two independent coders using deductive and inductive approaches that emphasized consensus coding and peer debriefing.RESULTSNinety‐three percent of participants were women, 50% were 30‐39 years old, and 60% held a graduate degree. Parents identified school‐, classroom‐, and child‐based barriers to bladder health. These included the bathroom environment, restrictive policies for bathroom use, and anxiety on how and when to use the bathroom.CONCLUSIONSAddressing school‐, classroom‐, and child‐based barriers is necessary to promote healthy bladder habits among children in the school environment and beyond. Recommended school‐based interventions include bathroom use and sanitation policies that support students' voiding needs, teachers' professional development, and school readiness initiatives. Limitations include participation of English‐speaking parents only.
The Effect of COVID‐Related Quarantine and Attitudes on Time Conceptualization: Evidence From Temporal Focus and Implicit Space‐Time Mappings
Authors: Athanasopoulos Panos , Su Rui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe temporal focus hypothesis (TFH) entails that individuals who value the past tend to conceptualize it in front, whereas individuals who value the future tend to map the future in front instead (de la Fuente et al., 2014). This varies as a function of culture, individual differences, and context. Here, we extend this line of inquiry by testing a contextual variable, namely COVID‐19 quarantine status, and an individual differences variable, namely future precautionary behavior towards COVID‐19. Contrary to what the TFH would predict, we show that participants map the future to a frontal position, regardless of individual attitudes and quarantine status. However, participants who displayed more future precautionary behavior were also more future‐focused than participants who displayed less such behaviour, but this did not predict their front–back mappings of the future. These findings suggest that individual differences may be stronger determinants of temporal focus than contextual variables.
Sensitivity to Subphonemic Differences in First Language Predicts Vocabulary Size in a Foreign Language
Authors: Kapnoula Efthymia C. , Samuel Arthur G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSome listeners exhibit higher sensitivity to subphonemic acoustic differences (i.e., higher speech gradiency). Here, we asked whether higher gradiency in a listener's first language (L1) facilitates foreign language learning and explored the possible sources of individual differences in L1 gradiency. To address these questions, we tested 164 native Spanish speakers with different linguistic profiles. Speech gradiency was assessed via a Visual Analogue Scale task, and foreign language proficiency was assessed via an English vocabulary test. Possible sources of gradiency included domain‐general auditory acuity, overall exposure to spoken language (indexed by age), and exposure to phonological diversity. Control measures were collected to account for variables such as phoneme categorization consistency, working memory, and musical training. The results revealed a positive link between L1 speech gradiency and vocabulary acquisition in a foreign language over and above all other variables. L1 speech gradiency itself was predicted by domain‐general auditory acuity and overall exposure to spoken language.
Cardiac dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and acute decompensation
Authors: Gananandan Kohilan , Wiese Signe , Møller Søren , Mookerjee Rajeshwar P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) has been reported as high as 60%–70% in patients with liver cirrhosis and is associated with various negative outcomes. There has been a growing understanding of CCM over recent years. Indeed, the development of imaging techniques has enabled new diagnostic criteria to be proposed by the Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Consortium. However, important unanswered questions remain over pathophysiological mechanisms, optimal diagnostic modalities and potential treatment options. While there has been an increasing volume of literature evaluating CCM, there is a lack of clarity on its implications in acute decompensation, acute‐on‐chronic liver failure and following interventions such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion and liver transplantation. This review aims to summarise the literature in these challenging domains and suggest where future research should focus. We conclude that systemic inflammation and structural myocardial changes are likely to be crucial in the pathophysiology of the disease, but the relative contribution of different components remains elusive. Furthermore, future studies need to use standardised diagnostic criteria for CCM as well as incorporate newer imaging techniques assessing both myocardial structure and function. Finally, while specific treatments are currently lacking, therapeutics targeting systemic inflammation, microbial dysbiosis and bacterial translocation are promising targets and warrant further research.
Comparative analysis of gut microbiome of mangrove brachyuran crabs revealed patterns of phylosymbiosis and codiversification
Authors: Tsang Chandlar Tsz To , Hui Tom Kwok Lun , Chung Nga Man , Yuen Wing Tan , Tsang Ling Ming 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe acquisition of microbial symbionts enables animals to rapidly adapt to and exploit novel ecological niches, thus significantly enhancing the evolutionary fitness and success of their hosts. However, the dynamics of host–microbe interactions and their evolutionary implications remain largely underexplored in marine invertebrates. Crabs of the family Sesarmidae (Crustacea: Brachyura) are dominant inhabitants of mangrove forests and are considered keystone species there. Their rapid diversification, particularly after adopting a plant‐feeding lifestyle, is believed to have been facilitated by symbiotic gut microbes, enabling successful colonization of intertidal and terrestrial environments. To investigate the patterns and mechanisms shaping the microbial communities and the role of microbes in the evolution of Sesarmidae, we characterized and compared the gut microbiome compositions across 43 crab species from Sesarmidae and other mangrove‐associated families using 16S metabarcoding. We found that the gut microbiome assemblages in crabs are primarily determined by host identity, with a secondary influence from environmental factors such as microhabitat and sampling location, and to a lesser extent influenced by biological factors such as sex and gut region. While patterns of phylosymbiosis (i.e. when microbial community relationships recapitulate the phylogeny of their hosts) were consistently observed in all beta‐diversity metrics analysed, the strength of phylosymbiosis varied across crab families. This suggests that the bacterial assemblages in each family were differentially shaped by different degrees of host filtering and/or other evolutionary processes. Notably, Sesarmidae displayed signals of cophylogeny with its core gut bacterial genera, which likely play crucial functional roles in their hosts by providing lignocellulolytic enzymes, essential amino acids, and fatty acids supplementation. Our results support the hypothesis of microbial contribution to herbivory and terrestrialization in mangrove crabs, highlighting the tight association and codiversification of the crab holobiont.
Repairing disrupted care processes as sources of stability, learning and change in a Finnish hospital: An activity‐theoretical study
Authors: Kajamaa Anu , Lahtinen Päivikki , Mattick Karen , Bethune Rob 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn high‐income countries, it is estimated that one in every 10 patients is harmed while receiving hospital care; 50% of these are preventable. The aim of this study was to deepen our understanding of disruptions of care processes and how the repairing of disruptions can be sources of stability, learning and change in complex health care settings.MethodsThe organisational interactions associated with disruptions in the standard care processes of 15 surgical patients were followed in a public sector hospital in Finland. The patients and medical professionals were interviewed in situ during the observation of the care processes. An activity‐theoretically informed methodological framework was used to identify and analyse disruptions and the associated repair efforts and repair solutions.ResultsDisruptions were frequent and found in all 15 care processes. These related to (1) the patient's worsening physiological state, (2) the equipment used in surgical care, (3) the information flow, (4) delays in the care process and (5) the unclear division of labour within the team. The actors carried out three types of repair efforts (technical, cognitive‐emotional and extended collaborative) to overcome the disrupted processes, which usually led to repair solutions that restored stability.DiscussionThe different repair efforts required different kinds of collaboration and learning. Extended collaborative repair was most demanding, providing challenges and opportunities for practice change and expansive learning.