bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 5‐Year Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trial of Non‐Submerged Dental Implants With a Titanium Plasma‐Sprayed Surface in 200 Patients
Authors: Cochran David L. , Jackson Jennifer M. , Jones Archie A. , Jones John D. , Kaiser David A. , Taylor Thomas D. , Weber Hans Peter , Higginbottom Frank L. , Richardson John R. , Oates Thomas 
Published: January 2011

Background:Endosseous dental implants are a popular treatment to replace missing teeth. Although many advances have occurred and affected the macrogeometry and surface characteristics of dental implants, among other aspects, it is important to document how the implants perform in patients over time. Such evaluations are helpful not only to document the clinical survival of the implants but also patient satisfaction over an extended period.Methods:A formal prospective multicenter human clinical was performed at five centers involving 200 patients and 626 implants. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were used and detailed data collected at specified times using case report forms. An independent study monitor reviewed all study data before entry into the study database. Two implant designs were used in two different clinical indications. A non‐submerged titanium plasma‐sprayed (TPS) hollow cylindrical implant with a smooth transgingival collar was evaluated in the maxillary anterior sextant and a non‐submerged TPS solid screw implant with similar collar in the mandible.Results:Over the course of the 5‐year clinical trial, there was one early failure occurring before definitive prosthesis delivery. Three late failures were documented, one occurring at each of the 6, 12, and 18 months postoperative visits. Life table analysis at 5 years revealed a 99.4% survival rate and a 92.5% success rate. Patient satisfaction was rated as good to excellent for 96.1% of implants in regards to esthetics after 5 years; 98.8% for appearance; and 99.4% for prosthesis comfort, ability to chew and taste, fit, and general satisfaction. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusions:Implant success and survival was over 92% and 99%, respectively, in a formal 5‐year prospective multicenter clinical trial involving 200 patients and 626 non‐submerged TPS implants. These implants included hollow cylinder implants in the anterior maxilla and solid screw implants placed in the mandible. These findings document the predictability and patient satisfaction of tooth replacement using a non‐submerged surgical technique involving a tissue‐level, rough surfaced endosseous dental implant.
Comparison of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling Methods in Patients With Severe Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Guentsch Arndt , Kramesberger Martin , Sroka Aneta , Pfister Wolfgang , Potempa Jan , Eick Sigrun 
Published: January 2011

Background: The analysis of samplings from periodontal pockets is important in the diagnosis and therapy of periodontitis. In this study, three different sampling techniques were compared to determine whether one method yielded samples suitable for the reproducible and simultaneous determination of bacterial load, cytokines, neutrophil elastase, and arginine‐specific gingipains (Rgps). Rgps are an important virulence factor of Porphyromonas gingivalis, the exact concentration of which in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has not been quantified.Methods: GCF was sampled from four sites per patient (one sample per quadrant using two samples per method) in 36 patients with chronic periodontitis. One week later, the procedure was repeated with alternative methods. Variables determined were loads of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and P. gingivalis, levels of interleukin‐6 and ‐8, activity of neutrophil elastase, and level of Rgps.Results: The detected cytokine levels were higher using paper strips compared to paper points. Bacteria were found in similar loads from paper strips and paper points. Rgps were only detectable in high quantities by washing the periodontal pocket. The level of Rgps correlated with the load of P. gingivalis.Conclusions: The use of paper strips was suitable for the simultaneous determination of microbial and immunologic parameters. Obtaining GCF by washing can be useful for special purposes. The gingipain concentration in periodontal pockets was directly determined to be ≤1.5 μM. This value indicated that most of the substrates of these proteases by in vitro assays identified until now can be easily degraded in P. gingivalis–infected sites.
Health Advocacy Organizations and the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Analysis of Disclosure Practices
Authors: Rothman Sheila M. , Raveis Victoria H. , Friedman Anne , Rothman David J. 
Published: January 2011

Health advocacy organizations (HAOs) are influential stakeholders in health policy. Although their advocacy tends to closely correspond with the pharmaceutical industry's marketing aims, the financial relationships between HAOs and the pharmaceutical industry have rarely been analyzed. We used Eli Lilly and Company's grant registry to examine its grant-giving policies. We also examined HAO Web sites to determine their grant-disclosure patterns. Only 25% of HAOs that received Lilly grants acknowledged Lilly's contributions on their Web sites, and only 10% acknowledged Lilly as a grant event sponsor. No HAO disclosed the exact amount of a Lilly grant. As highly trusted organizations, HAOs should disclose all corporate grants, including the purpose and the amount. Absent this disclosure, legislators, regulators, and the public cannot evaluate possible conflicts of interest or biases in HAO advocacy.
Theoretical studies on polynitrobicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes in search of novel high energy density materials
Authors: Ghule Vikas , Sarangapani Radhakrishnan , Jadhav Pandurang , Tewari Surya 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBicyclo[1.1.1]pentane is a highly strained hydrocarbon system due to close proximity of nonbonded bridge head carbons. Based on fully optimized molecular geometries at the density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-31G* level, densities, detonation velocities, and pressures for a series of polynitrobicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes, as well as their thermal stabilities were investigated in search for high energy density materials (HEDMs). The designed compounds with more than two nitro groups are characterized by high heat of formation and magnitude correlative with the number and space distance of nitro groups. Density was calculated using the crystal packing calculations and an increase in the number of nitro groups increases the density. The increase in density shows a linear increase in the detonation characteristics. Bond dissociation energy was analyzed to determine thermal stability. Calculations of the bond length and bond dissociation energies of the C-NO2 bond indicate that this may be the possible trigger bond in the pyrolysis mechanism. 1,2,3-Trinitrobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (S3), 1,2,3,4-tetranitrobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (S4), and 1,2,3,4,5-pentanitrobicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (S5) have better energetic characteristics with better stability and insensitivity, and as such may be explored in defense applications as promising candidates of the HEDMs series.
Surgical management of cervical spine manifestations of neurofibromatosis Type 1: long-term clinical and radiological follow-up in 22 cases
Authors: Taleb Faisal S. , Guha Abhijit , Arnold Paul M. , Fehlings Michael G. , Massicotte Eric M. 
Published: January 2011

Object
Patients with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF-1) at the cervical spine present significant surgical challenges due to neural compression, multiplicity of tumors, and complex spinal deformities. Iatrogenic instability following resection of tumors is underappreciated in the literature. The focus of this study was to understand the indications for stabilization in this specific group of patients.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of 20 cases involving NF-1 patients with symptomatic cervical spine neurofibromas who underwent surgical decompression and tumor resection, with or without instrumentation, between 1991 and 2008. They also included 2 additional cases involving patients treated before 1991. Imaging findings and data pertaining to clinical presentation, intraoperative management, and postoperative assessment were compiled to clarify the indications for stabilization. An ordinal pain scale based on patient self-assessment was used. Neurological function was evaluated using American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale scores.

Results
The patient group comprised 13 men and 9 women. Their median age at presentation was 42.5 years; their median age at initial diagnosis of NF-1 was 30 years (range 8–74 years). The median duration of follow-up (since presentation) was 7 years (range 1–32 years). Progressive myelopathy was the main presenting symptom. Spinal cord compression was identified in 13 patients on presentation. Complete removal of the symptomatic tumors was performed in 11 patients. Ten patients underwent instrumented fusion during their first surgery. Six of these 10 required a second surgery—with fixation in 4 cases and without in 2. Of the 12 patients who did not receive instrumented fusion in their first surgery, 8 required a second surgery—with fixation in 5 cases and without in 3. Neurological deterioration due to progressive deformity was the indication for the second surgery in 3 of the 5 patients who required instrumented fusion only in their second surgery; the other 2 patients presented with neurological deterioration secondary to tumor progression. Four patients needed a third operation and instrumented fusion: 3 for deformity-related deficit and 1 for tumor progression. Based on the latest follow-up, 21 patients were stable clinically and radiologically, and 1 patient had died.

Conclusions
This specific group of patients represents a significant surgical challenge. In this retrospective analysis, emphasis is placed on early stabilization of the cervical spine to prevent late deformity as part of the comprehensive management of patients with NF-1.
Colloids
Authors: Schramm Laurier L. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA colloid comprises a collection of small particles, droplets, or bubbles of one phase with at least one dimension between about 1 and 1000 nm and dispersed in a second phase. Either or both phases may be in gas, liquid, solid, or supercritical phase states. Another property that distinguishes colloidal dispersions is the extremely large area of the interface between the two phases compared with the mass of the dispersed phase. A consequence is that any chemical and physical phenomena that depend on the existence of an interface become prominent in colloidal dispersions. Colloidal systems are important because they feature prominently, in both desirable and undesirable contexts, in a wide variety of practical disciplines, products, and industrial processes. The field of colloids also overlaps heavily with the field of nanotechnology. The problems associated with colloids are usually interdisciplinary in nature, and a broad scientific base is required to understand them completely. This article provides an introduction to the field of colloids, emphasizing the wide range of practical and industrial applications.
Molybdenum Compounds
Authors: Stiefel Edward I. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe chemistry of molybdenum (Mo) is among the most diverse of the transition metals. Molybdenum is found naturally mostly as the disulfide. Molybdenum forms binary compounds with many nonmetallic elements and a number of these, namely halides, oxides, sulfides, carbides, nitrides, and silicides are of interest. The most important oxidation states are VI, V, IV, III, II, and 0.Molybdenum is an essential component of many enzymes and plays an important role in nitrogen fixation and nitrite reduction in bacteria and plants and sulfite and xanthine oxidation for microorganisms, plants and animals. Molybdenum compounds are important in lubrication where the disulfide and oil‐soluble Mo sulfur complexes serve as antifriction and antiwear agents. Mo compounds are also used in hydrodesulfurization and hydrotreating catalysis, as oxidation catalysts, in coatings, paints, and pigments as anticorrosion agents, as smoke suppressants, as a soil nutrient, and in nuclear medicine.
Different Formats for the Communication of Risks: Verbal, Numerical, and Graphical Formats
Authors: Timmermans Danielle , Oudhoff Jurriaan 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDifferent formats are available for the communication of the quantitative aspect of risks: verbal terms, numbers, and graphical representations. Verbal terms, such as alarge chance, are often used but may lead to confusion, because the exact meaning is not clear. The majority of people therefore, prefer to receive risk information in numerical terms. These numerical formats have the drawback, however, that people often find them difficult to comprehend. When using numerical risk formats two generic characteristics are important for optimizing risk perceptions and decision making. First, more concrete formats seem to evoke more meaningful risk images, which improve risk perception. Therefore, it seems advisable to use a frequency format and small numbers, for example, lower denominators (“1 inX”). Second, in more complex situations, it is particularly important to minimize the complexity of risk information and to present risks so that errors are prevented. This means, for instance, that the risks that are most relevant for the specific decision need to be made explicit and that computations should be avoided. Graphical formats may also be used to communicate risks. There is limited evidence that suggests that graphical formats substantially improve understanding and aid decision making. However, graphical displays can look appealing and could be effective in drawing a person's attention, which may lead to increased awareness of the risk.
A model to predict cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: Suppiah Ravi , Judge Andrew , Batra Rajbir , Flossmann Oliver , Harper Lorraine , Höglund Peter , Javaid M. Kassim , Jayne David , Mukhtyar Chetan , Westman Kerstin , Davis John C. , Hoffman Gary S. , McCune W. Joseph , Merkel Peter A. , St.Clair E. William , Seo Philip , Spiera Robert , Stone John H. , Luqmani Raashid 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo create a prognostic tool to quantify the 5‐year cardiovascular (CV) risk in patients with newly diagnosed Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) without premorbid CV disease.MethodsWe reviewed CV outcomes during the long‐term followup of patients in the first 4 European Vasculitis Study Group (EUVAS) trials of WG and MPA. CV events were defined as CV death, stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft, or percutaneous coronary intervention. Logistic regression was performed to create a model to predict the absolute risk of a CV event. The model was tested using the Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET) cohort.ResultsSeventy‐four (13.8%) of 535 patients with 5 years of followup from the EUVAS trials had at least 1 CV event: 33 (11.7%) of 281 WG versus 41 (16.1%) of 254 MPA. The independent determinants of CV outcomes were older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.11–1.90), diastolic hypertension (OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.98–3.95), and positive proteinase 3 (PR3) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) status (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.20–0.74). The model was validated using the WGET cohort (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80).ConclusionWithin 5 years of diagnosis of WG or MPA, 14% of patients will have a CV event. We have constructed and validated a tool to quantify the risk of a CV event based on age, diastolic hypertension, and PR3 ANCA status in patients without prior CV disease. In patients with vasculitis, PR3 ANCA is associated with a reduced CV risk compared to myeloperoxidase ANCA or negative ANCA status.
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in giant cell arteritis: A case series
Authors: Kermani Tanaz A. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Warrington Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and outcome of patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and biopsy‐proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) seen at a tertiary referral center.MethodsUsing International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, all patients with GCA and PCP between January 1, 1976 and December 31, 2008 were identified. Medical records were reviewed. PCP was defined by the identification of Pneumocystis jiroveci organisms in the clinical setting of pneumonia.ResultsWe identified 7 patients with GCA (5 women and 2 men) who developed PCP (the mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 71.6 ± 6.1 years). The median time from GCA diagnosis to PCP diagnosis was 3 months (range 1–18 months). All patients were taking prednisone (the median dosage 50 mg/day [range 30–80]) when diagnosed as having PCP. No patients were receiving PCP prophylaxis. PCP was diagnosed by positive smear on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 6 patients (86%) and by positive sputum polymerase chain reaction in 1 patient. All the patients were hospitalized (median duration 17 days [range 12–39 days]). Four patients (57%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. Three patients (43%) required mechanical ventilation. Two patients (29%) died; both were on mechanical ventilation.ConclusionAlthough PCP is rare among patients with GCA, this preventable infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Synthesis, characterization and microwave‐assisted catalytic activity of novel benzimidazole salts bearing piperidine and morpholine moieties in Heck cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Küçükbay Hasan , Şireci Nihat , Yılmaz Ülkü , Akkurt Mehmet , Yalçın Şerife Pınar , Nawaz Tahir M. , Ott Holger 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA mixture of novel benzimidazole salts (2a–f), Pd(OAc)2 and K2CO3 in DMFH2O catalyzes, in high yield, the Heck cross‐coupling reaction assisted by microwave irradiation in a short time. All synthesized novel benzimidazole derivatives were characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the molecular structure of 2a was determined by X‐ray crystallography. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accommodating risk in the valuation of expected travel time savings
Authors: Hensher David A. , Li Zheng , Rose John M. 
Published: January 2011

SUMMARYValuation of travel time savings is a critical measure in transport infrastructure appraisal, traffic modelling and network performance. It has been recognised for some time that the travel times associated with repeated trips are subject to variation, and hence there is risk embedded in the treatment of expected travel time. In the context of the expected utility framework, we use a nonlinear probability weighting function to accommodate choice made under risk. Although the empirical findings suggest small differences between the value of expected travel time savings (VETTS) in the presence and absence of risk, the mean estimate does make a noticeable difference to time benefits when applied to real projects. By incorporating nonlinear probability weighting, our model reveals that the probabilities associated with specific travel times that are shown to respondents in the choice experiment are transformed, resulting in overweighting of outcomes with low probabilities and underweighting of outcomes with high probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anthraquinone‐Sensitized Photooxidation of 5‐Methylcytosine in DNA Leading to Piperidine‐Induced Efficient Strand Cleavage
Authors: Yamada Hisatsugu , Kitauchi Yuya , Tanabe Kazuhito , Ito Takeo , Nishimoto Sei‐ichi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractOne‐electron photooxidations of 5‐methyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine (dmC) and 5‐trideuteriomethyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine ([D3]dmC) by sensitization with anthraquinone (AQ) derivatives were investigated. Photoirradiation of an aerated aqueous solution containing dmC and anthraquinone 2‐sulfonate (AQS) afforded 5‐formyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine (dfC) and 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine (dhmC) in good yield through an initial one‐electron oxidation process. The deuterium isotope effect on the AQS‐sensitized photooxidation of dmC suggests that the rate‐determining step in the photosensitized oxidation of dmC involves internal transfer of the C5‐hydrogen atom of a dmC‐tetroxide intermediate to produce dfC and dhmC. In the case of a 5‐methylcytosine (mC)‐containing duplex DNA with an AQ chromophore that is incorporated into the backbone of the DNA strand so as to be immobilized at a specific position, mC underwent efficient direct one‐electron oxidation by the photoexcited AQ, which resulted in an exclusive DNA strand cleavage at the target mC site upon hot piperidine treatment. In accordance with the suppression of the strand cleavage at 5‐trideuterio‐methylcytosine observed in a similar AQ photosensitization, it is suggested that deprotonation at the C5‐methyl group of an intermediate mC radical cation may occur as a key elementary reaction in the photooxidative strand cleavage at the mC site. Incorporation of an AQ sensitizer into the interior of a strand of the duplex enhanced the one‐electron photooxidation of mC, presumably because of an increased intersystem crossing efficiency that may lead to efficient piperidine‐induced strand cleavage at an mC site in a DNA duplex.
Prediction of the Partitioning Coefficient in Liquid‐Solid Chromatography using COSMO‐RS
Authors: Reithinger Martin , Arlt Wolfgang 
Published: January 2011

AbstractFor the first time the a‐priori prediction method COSMO‐RS is used to predict liquid chromatographic partitioning coefficients. Previous methods are based on several adjustable parameters used to describe physico‐chemical properties of the mobile and stationary phase in the separation system examined. Due to the empirical parameter fitting, predictivity of these methods is limited. The COSMO‐RS approach replaces adjustable parameters by quantum chemistry. Furthermore the complete thermodynamic information of the separation system is known. An empirical method to improve the results is shown. Its validation comprises various eluent systems.It is demonstrated that an a‐priori choice of appropriate phases for chromatographic separation systems is possible. Furthermore it is a tool to guide chemists how to synthesize new stationary phases.
A model‐driven approach to predicting dependability of WS‐CDL based service composition
Authors: Xia Yunni , Dai Gang , Li Jia , Sun Tianhao , Zhu Qingsheng 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWeb Service Choreography Description Language (WS‐CDL) is a mainstream standard for the description of peer‐to‐peer collaborations for the participants of service composition. To predict the dependability of composite service processes specified in WS‐CDL allows service designers and user to decided whether the process meets the nonfunction requirements of trustworthiness, and to choose the process with better dependability to those with identical function. Unfortunately, very limited research attention is paid to dependability of WS‐CDL. In this paper, we propose a model‐driven approach for dependability prediction of composite service built on WS‐CDL. The main innovation of this research includes a complete translation from WS‐CDL to generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPN) and a dependability (using process‐normal‐completion‐probability as the metric of dependability of service composition) calculation algorithm based on GSPN. We also validate the accuracy of the approach in the experimental study by showing 95% confidence intervals obtained from experimental dependability results that cover the corresponding theoretical prediction values. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.