bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer particle adsorption at textile/liquid interfaces: a simple approach for a new functionalization route
Authors: Ripoll Lionel , Bordes Claire , Marote Pedro , Etheve Sabrina , Elaissari Abdelhamid , Fessi Hatem 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe adsorption of amino‐functionalized poly(methyl methacrylate) particles prepared by emulsion polymerization onto polyamide/elastane fibres was investigated. The influence of several physicochemical parameters (pH, ionic strength) on the colloidal stability and surface properties of the cationic latex particles was first examined. Then, particle adsorption was studied as a function of particle concentration, particle size, time, pH and salinity. The results obtained demonstrated that the adsorption process was mainly governed by electrostatic interactions and the adsorption isotherms were analysed on the basis of a Langmuir model. Finally, the effect of washing steps on the adsorbed particles was investigated. The results obtained indicated strong interactions between particles and textile fibres. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The roles of domain specific hope and depressive personality in predicting depressive symptoms
Authors: Shorey Hal S. , Roberts Christopher R. D. , Huprich Steven K. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study extended the research on hope (Snyder, 2002) and depression by assessing the impact of domain specific hope on depressive symptoms using a completely cross‐lagged longitudinal design across 2‐week and 5‐week time intervals while controlling for depressive personality. Results from an undergraduate sample (n = 363) indicated that across a 2‐week time interval, hope in the social/peer and academic domains, depressive personality and depressive symptoms had reciprocal causal influences on each other, whereas across a 5‐week time interval, only hope in the family domain had a significant one‐way influence on depressive symptoms. The implications for working with young adults are discussed and suggestions made for future research relating to the personality‐based prediction of depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial equipment of poly(isoprene) applying thiol‐ene chemistry
Authors: Kienberger Julia , Noormofidi Nadja , Mühlbacher Inge , Klarholz Ingo , Harms Carsten , Slugovc Christian 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe functionalization of anionically polymerized isoprene with cysteamine applying the thiol‐ene reaction is reported. Antimicrobial activity is implemented by quaternization of the amino functionality by either alkylation or by protonation. The resulting polymers were tested against Gram‐positive as well as Gram‐negative bacteria strains according to the Japanese Industrial Standard Z2801:2000 protocol, partly revealing excellent biocidal performance. Thermal stability up to 200°C allows extrusion processing of the functionalized poly(isoprene)s. The best performing polymer, that is, bearing butylated ammonium‐groups, was compounded with the commodity material poly(propylene). The compound bearing 5 wt % of the biocidal polymer exhibited satisfactory biocidal properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Four‐points two‐loop scattering amplitude in ABJM theory
Authors: Bianchi M.S. , Leoni M. , Mauri A. , Penati S. , Santambrogio A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWithin the 𝒩 = 2 superspace perturbative formulation of ABJM theory, we derive the set of scalar Feynman integrals describing the four‐point scattering amplitude of chiral matter fields. Using dimensional regularization (D = 3 ‐ 2ϵ), we evaluate the integrals on‐shell and we compare the result with that of a Wilson‐loop computed in a light‐like tetragon contour: we find matching results between both calculations after identifying the kinematical invariants. We discuss further implications and open questions. This work is a contribution to the proceedings of the ‘XVIIth European Workshop on String Theory 2011’ held in Padua, Italy, on September 2011.
Persistence of pyrazosulfuron in rice‐field and laboratory soil under Indian tropical conditions
Authors: Singh Shashi Bala , Sharma Rajvir , Singh Neera 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, a new rice herbicide belonging to the sulfonylurea group, has recently been registered in India for weed control in rice crops. Many field experiments revealed the bioefficacy of this herbicide; however, no information is available on the persistence of this herbicide in paddy soil under Indian tropical conditions. Therefore, a field experiment was undertaken to investigate the fate of pyrazosulfuron ethyl in soil and water of rice fields. Persistence studies were also carried out under laboratory conditions in sterile and non‐sterile soil to evaluate the microbial contribution to degradation.RESULTS: High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of pyrazosulfuron ethyl gave a single sharp peak at 3.41 min. The instrument detection limit (IDL) for pyrazosulfuron ethyl by HPLC was 0.1 µg mL−1, with a sensitivity of 2 ng. The estimated method detection limit (EMDL) was 0.001 µg mL−1 and 0.002 µg g−1 for water and soil respectively. Two applications at an interval of 10 days gave good weed control. The herbicide residues dissipated faster in water than in soil. In the present study, with a field‐soil pH of 8.2 and an organic matter content of 0.5%, the pyrazosulfuron ethyl residues dissipated with a half‐life of 5.4 and 0.9 days in soil and water respectively. Dissipation followed first‐order kinetics. Under laboratory conditions, degradation of pyrazosulfuron ethyl was faster in non‐sterile soil (t1/2 = 9.7 days) than in sterile soil (t1/2 = 16.9 days).CONCLUSION: Pyrazosulfuron ethyl is a short‐lived molecule, and it dissipated rapidly in field soil and water. The faster degradation of pyrazosulfuron in non‐sterile soil than in sterile soil indicated microbial degradation of this herbicide. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Use of natural pyrethrum to control the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in a rural district of Italy
Authors: Cecchinelli Elena , Aquiloni Laura , Maltagliati Giacomo , Orioli Gabriele , Tricarico Elena , Gherardi Francesca 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The crayfish Procambarus clarkii inflicts severe ecological and economic damages in Europe. To develop an efficient method for its control, four experiments were carried out to assess the impact of natural pyrethrum (i.e. Pyblast) on crayfish: (1) the 24 h LC100 and LC50 were quantified on crayfish; (2) the breakdown time of the 24 h LC100 was assessed using Daphnia magna as a bioindicator; the effects of 24 h LC100 on crayfish were investigated by applying the biocide into burrows (3) and in a drainage channel (4).RESULTS: Pyblast concentrations of 0.05 and 0.02 mg L−1 corresponded to 24 h LC100 and LC50 respectively. The concentration of 0.05 mg L−1 broke down after 72 h, whereas 0.02 mg L−1 did not cause any significant mortality in D. magna after 24 h. However, 0.05 mg L−1 had no effect on crayfish when introduced into the burrows, but led to a mortality of 95% when applied in the water.CONCLUSION: Experimental evidence is provided for the efficacy of Pyblast to control invasive crayfish. Obviously, before its use on a large scale, further studies are needed to find a concentration that will achieve the target 100% mortality with the shortest recovery time of the environment. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The Relation of Diverging Urban Growth Processes and Demographic Change along an Urban–Rural Gradient
Authors: Kroll Franziska , Kabisch Nadja 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTDemographic change is a phenomenon that first appeared in developed, industrialised societies in Europe. It is characterised by a decreasing, ageing, and increasingly individualised population. Apart from its widely discussed consequences for social systems at the national level, demographic change has spatially differentiated impacts on residential, traffic, and technical infrastructure as well as on resource and land consumption. In order to handle these impacts adequately and timely, the acquisition of knowledge of the spatial distribution of demographic developments is of major importance. Although studies on rather broad scales do exist in Germany, comparable results on a small‐scale level that describe particular urban–rural developments are still rare. We aim at bridging that gap by presenting a method that allows for a small‐scale comparison of urban–rural demographic, housing, and urban area dynamics in four different case studies that include growing and shrinking urban regions in Germany. By calculating and comparing urban‐rural gradients in two points in time (1995 and 2005), we identify the differences and the similarities in the selected features of demographic change against two diverging urban trajectories. The results show that not only the shrinking urban regions but also the growing urban regions are impacted by demographic change. The spatial and temporal dynamics along the gradient curve, however, develop non‐linearly and more heterogeneously in the two shrinking cities, indicating that small‐scale changes are of major importance here. One similarity of all the four city regions is the increase of urban area regardless of population growth or decline. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of structural and transport properties of nanostructured CeO2, Ce1−xRuxO2 and Ce1−xInxO2 thin films
Authors: Rangel R. , Chávez‐Chávez L. , Martínez E. , Bartolo‐Pérez P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe present work reports for the first time thin films prepared from Ce1−xMxO2−δ (M = Ru, In) solid solutions for application as gas sensors. The CeO2, Ce0.95Ru0.05O2 and Ce0.95In0.05O2 thin films were prepared by means of the RF sputtering process onto Si (111) substrates. The deposition conditions were carried out at 500 °C varying the deposition time. Targets were prepared via sol–gel process starting from C6H9O6In, Ru3(CO)12 and Ce(C2H3O2)3 · 1.5H2O compounds and using a ceramic method to consolidate them. The samples were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, and AFM. Their thickness was measured using a profilometer. The results herein obtained regarding the microstructure and transport properties indicate that these materials can be used as gas sensors.
Determination of the carrier density dependent electron effective mass in InN using infrared and Raman spectra
Authors: Tiras E. , Tanisli M. , Balkan N. , Ardali S. , Iliopoulos E. , Georgakilas A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe vibrational properties of InN samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique have been studied using infrared (IR) and Raman scattering spectroscopy at room temperature. In the Raman measurements, the 532 nm (2.33 eV) line of laser was used as the excitation source. Lower branch (L−) of the longitudinal‐optic‐phonon‐plasmon‐coupled (LOPC) mode at ∼430 cm−1 was too weak to be observed clearly in Raman measurements. It was however, strong in the IR spectra. A strong A1(LO) mode was also observed in Raman measurements and this mode together with the L− mode were used to calculate the electron effective mass in InN as a function of carrier density. In the theoretical calculation we used both the Drude and Linhard–Mermin models and obtained the electron effective mass in the range between 0.07 and 0.167m0 with increasing electron density from 0.79 to 2.8 × 1019 cm−3.
Structural, optical, electrical, and low temperature thermoelectric studies on the ordered vacancy compound AgGa3Se5
Authors: Rajani J. , Geethu R. , Shripathi T. , Okram G. S. , Ganesan V. , Pradeep B. , Urmila K. S. , Philip R. R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPolycrystalline thin films of the ordered vacancy compound AgGa3Se5 were prepared by a multisource vacuum coevaporation technique at a substrate temperature of 623 K. X‐ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy in conjunction with energy‐dispersive analysis of X‐rays and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used for the structural, morphological, and compositional characterization. The distortion parameter and the anion displacement deduced from the X‐ray diffraction data using the CTB plus η = ηtet rule were used for obtaining the anion–cation bond lengths. The compound manifested a slight increase in the nonideal anion displacement compared to AgGaSe2. The films with ternary chalcopyrite structure were found to possess an enhanced direct allowed bandgap of ∼1.8 eV compared to that in AgGaSe2 indicative of the slightly reduced p–d interband repulsion due to the periodic introduction of silver vacancies. The electrical resistivity was assessed to be of the order of 10−1 Ω m with n‐type conductivity and the films exhibited good photosensitivity. An unusual increase in Seebeck coefficient was manifested in the low‐temperature range 4–330 K with negligible phonon drag toward the very low and room temperature regime.
Electronic structure and enhanced visible‐light absorption of N,B‐codoped TiO2
Authors: Guo Meili , Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Du Jiulin 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe present GGA+U calculations to investigate the electronic structure and visible‐light absorption of N,B‐codoped anatase TiO2. The NsBi (substitutional N, interstitial B) codoped TiO2 produces significant Ti 3d and N 2p mid‐gap states when the distance of N and B atoms is far, whereas the NiBi (interstitial N and B) and NsBs (substitutional N and B) codoped TiO2 prefer to form localized p states at 0.3–1.2 eV above the valence band maximum. Further, the optical band edges of the three codoped systems shift slightly to the visible region, but only the far‐distance NsBi codoped TiO2 clearly shows an optical transition. These results indicate that NsBi codoped TiO2 has a dominant contribution to the optical absorption of N,B‐codoped TiO2. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Using dissociation energies to predict observability of b‐ and y‐peaks in mass spectra of short peptides
Authors: Obolensky O. I. , Wu Wells W. , Shen Rong‐Fong , Yu Yi‐Kuo 
Published: March 2012

RATIONALEPeptide identification reliability can be improved by excluding from analysis those m/z peaks of candidate peptides which cannot be observed in practice due to various physical, chemical or thermodynamic considerations. We propose using dissociation energies (as opposed to proton affinities) as a predictor of observability of different m/z peaks in spectra of short peptides.METHODSMass spectra of the tetrapeptides AAAA, AAFA, AAVA, AFAA, AVAA, AFFA, and AVVA were measured in the collision‐induced dissociation (CID) activation mode on a grid of activation times 0.05 to 100 ms and normalized collision energy 10 to 35%. The lowest energy geometries and vibrational spectra were calculated for the precursor ions and their charged and neutral fragments using density functional theory (DFT) at the TPSS/6‐31G(d,p) level. Dissociation energies were calculated for all fragmentation channels leading to b‐ or y‐fragments.RESULTSIt is demonstrated that m/z peaks observed in the mass spectra correspond to the fragmentation channels with the lowest dissociation energies. Using 50 kcal/mol as the cut‐off value of dissociation energy, it was predicted that 28 out of 42 possible peaks in the b‐ and y‐series of the seven tetrapeptides can be observed in mass spectra. In the experiments, 26 b‐ or y‐peaks were observed, all of which are among the 28 predicted ones.CONCLUSIONSThe use of dissociation energies generalizes the use of proton affinities for semi‐quantitative predictions of relative intensities of different m/z peaks of short peptides. Further advances in this direction will pave the way for reliable quantitative predictions and, hence, for a significant improvement in robustness and accuracy of peptide and protein identification tools. Published in 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon Nanomaterials for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Dai Liming , Chang Dong Wook , Baek Jong‐Beom , Lu Wen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIt is estimated that the world will need to double its energy supply by 2050. Nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers in materials science and engineering to meet this challenge by creating new materials, particularly carbon nanomaterials, for efficient energy conversion and storage. Comparing to conventional energy materials, carbon nanomaterials possess unique size‐/surface‐dependent (e.g., morphological, electrical, optical, and mechanical) properties useful for enhancing the energy‐conversion and storage performances. During the past 25 years or so, therefore, considerable efforts have been made to utilize the unique properties of carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, as energy materials, and tremendous progress has been achieved in developing high‐performance energy conversion (e.g., solar cells and fuel cells) and storage (e.g., supercapacitors and batteries) devices. This article reviews progress in the research and development of carbon nanomaterials during the past twenty years or so for advanced energy conversion and storage, along with some discussions on challenges and perspectives in this exciting field.
Effect of V on Hot Deformation Characteristics of TWIP Steels
Authors: Reyes Francisco , Calvo Jessica , Cabrera José María , Mejía Ignacio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractTwinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels, which rely on high Mn contents to promote twinning as the deformation mechanism, exhibit high ultimate strengths together with outstanding combinations of ultimate strength and ductility. In terms of mechanical properties, one of the most important microstructural features is grain size. The knowledge of the kinetics of recrystallization mechanisms, i.e., dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and static recrystallization (SRX), can be used in order to control the grain size of the final product by a proper rolling schedule design. The focus of this work is the characterization of the DRX kinetics of two TWIP steels. The basic composition of the steels is Fe–21Mn–0.4C–1.5Al–1.5Si, and one of them is further alloyed with 0.12% V. With this objective, compression tests were carried out at 900, 1000, and 1100°C and strain rates ranging from 1 × 10−1 s−1 to 1 × 10−4 s−1. Furthermore, metallographic observation by optical microscopy (OM) was done to assess the evolution of grain size for the different deformation conditions. According to the results, the existence of V in the composition does not affect the hot flow behavior of the steel, although recrystallization fraction and recrystallized grain size decrease for the V‐containing steel.
Breast Abscess, an Early Indicator for Diabetes Mellitus in Non‐lactating Women: A Retrospective Study from Rural India
Authors: Verghese Basil George , Ravikanth R. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionBreast abscess is commonly seen in lactating and non‐lactating women. Diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently predisposes to soft tissue infections and has many different presentations. But DM presenting in the form of breast abscess is yet to be studied, and we believe our study is the first to explore this connection.MethodsWe collected 30 cases of breast abscess in women who presented to our hospital from May 2010 to June 2011 retrospectively. They were classified into lactating and non‐lactating women, and their glycemic status was evaluated, together with length of hospital stay, management, recurrence, and follow‐up status after 6 months.ResultsWe found that of the 30 patients in our study, 20% had high blood sugar levels. And 37.5% of the non‐lactating women were diagnosed newly with DM.ConclusionsThis study shows that DM can present as breast abscess in non‐lactating women. Therefore, non‐lactating women with a breast abscess should be evaluated for DM.
Efficacy and safety of BH4 before the age of 4 years in patients with mild phenylketonuria
Authors: Leuret Oriane , Barth Magalie , Kuster Alice , Eyer Didier , de Parscau Loïc , Odent Sylvie , Gilbert‐Dussardier Brigitte , Feillet François , Labarthe François 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundSapropterin dihydrochloride, an EMEA‐approved synthetic formulation of BH4, has been available in Europe since 2009 for PKU patients older than 4 years, but its use with younger children is allowed in France based on an expert recommendation. We report the cases of 15 patients treated under the age of 4 years and demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this treatment for patients in this age group.Patients and methodWe report the use of BH4 in 15 PKU patients treated before the age of 4 years.ResultsFifteen patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Mean phenylalaninemia at diagnosis was 542±164 μM and all patients had mild PKU (maximal phenylalaninemia: 600‐1200 μM). BH4 responsiveness was assessed using a 24‐hour BH4 loading test (20 mg/kg), performed during the neonatal period (n = 11) or before 18 months of age (n = 4). During the test, these patients exhibited an 80±12% decrease in phenylalaninemia. Long‐term BH4 therapy was initiated during the neonatal period (n = 7) or at the age of 13±12 months (n = 8). The median duration of treatment was 23 months [min 7; max 80]. BH4 therapy drastically improved dietary phenylalanine tolerance (456±181 vs 1683±627 mg/day, p < 0.0001) and allowed a phenylalanine‐free amino acid mixture to be discontinued or not introduced in 14 patients. Additionally, in the eight patients treated after a few months of diet therapy, BH4 treatment significantly decreased mean phenylalaninemia (352±85 vs 254±64μM, p < 0.05), raised the percentage of phenylalaninemia tests within therapeutic targets [120‐300 μM] (35±25 vs 64±16%, p < 0.05), and reduced phenylalaninemia variance (130±21 vs 93±27μM, p < 0.05). No side effects were reported.ConclusionBH4‐therapy is efficient and safe before the age of 4 years in mild PKU, BH4‐responsive patients.
Linear stability of finite-amplitude capillary waves on water of infinite depth
Authors: Tiron Roxana , Choi Wooyoung 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe study the linear stability of the exact deep-water capillary wave solution of Crapper (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 2, 1957, pp. 532–540) subject to two-dimensional perturbations (both subharmonic and superharmonic). By linearizing a set of exact one-dimensional non-local evolution equations, a stability analysis is performed with the aid of Floquet theory. To validate our results, the exact evolution equations are integrated numerically in time and the numerical solutions are compared with the time evolution of linear normal modes. For superharmonic perturbations, contrary to Hogan (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 190, 1988, pp. 165–177), who detected two bubbles of instability for intermediate amplitudes, our results indicate that Crapper’s capillary waves are linearly stable to superharmonic disturbances for all wave amplitudes. For subharmonic perturbations, it is found that Crapper’s capillary waves are unstable, and our results generalize to the highly nonlinear regime the analysis for small amplitudes presented by Chen & Saffman (Stud. Appl. Maths, vol. 72, 1985, pp. 125–147).
Historiography and Research Problems of Slavery and the Slave Trade in a Global-Historical Perspective
Authors: Zeuske Michael 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThis article takes a global-historical perspective on all slaveries and slave trades (and contraband trading of human bodies) in relation to today's state of capitalist accumulation. It follows the different “national” schools of slavery research in different imperial traditions, as well as the sections of historical thinking stimulated through slavery research. Although legal ownership over humans does not exist any more, more women and men are in conditions of slavery today than in any other period of history since 1200. Against this background, the article criticizes the concentration in historiography on “hegemonic” slaveries (antique, Islamic, and American plantation slaveries) and proposes a focus on smaller “slaveries” all over the world (first of all of women and children), and on the agency of slaves and slave women, rather than on “great” slavery in a tradition of “Roman Law”.