bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel variable step size adjustment method based on channel output autocorrelation for the LMS training algorithm
Authors: Ozen Ali 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe least mean squares (LMS) algorithm, the most commonly used channel estimation and equalization technique, converges very slowly. The convergence rate of the LMS algorithm is quite sensitive to the adjustment of the step‐size parameter used in the update equation. Therefore, many studies have concentrated on adjusting the step‐size parameter in order to improve the training speed and accuracy of the LMS algorithm. A novel approach in adjusting the step size of the LMS algorithm using the channel output autocorrelation (COA) has been proposed for application to unknown channel estimation or equalization in low‐SNR in this paper. Computer simulations have been performed to illustrate the performance of the proposed method in frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels. The obtained simulation results using HIPERLAN/1 standard have demonstrated that the proposed variable step size LMS (VSS‐LMS) algorithm has considerably better performance than conventional LMS, recursive least squares (RLS), normalized LMS (N‐LMS) and the other VSS‐LMS algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations of platelet biochemical and functional properties in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: a role in cardiovascular risk?
Authors: Vignini Arianna , Moroni Cinzia , Nanetti Laura , Raffaelli Francesca , Cester Annamaria , Gabrielli Orazio , Cherubini Valentino , Mazzanti Laura 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe involvement of platelets in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications is supported by several studies. Type 1 diabetic (T1D) platelets show increased adhesiveness and aggregation related to a modification of nitric oxide synthase activity. Moreover, different cell types from diabetic patients showed a decreased membrane Na+/K+‐ATPase activity, which might be involved in diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether T1D at onset is able to induce alterations of platelet physicochemical and functional properties and whether these changes are affected by hyperglycaemia.MethodsThe study was performed on 50 young subjects: 30 patients (1–14 years) affected by T1D and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects. We analyzed platelet membrane fluidity by fluorescent anisotropy of 1‐(4‐trimethylaminophenyl)‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene and 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene, Na+/K+‐ATPase, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite production.ResultsIn T1D subjects, we observed an increased fluidity in the plasma membrane outer part and greater rigidity in the internal part compared with that in controls. Na+/K+‐ATPase activity and nitric oxide levels were significantly reduced, while peroxynitrite production was increased compared with that in controls. Moreover, correlations found between the above parameters were correlated with fasting glycaemia and haemoglobin A$_{{\rm 1c}}$.ConclusionsT1D patients exhibit structural and functional modifications of platelet membrane properties and alterations of nitric oxide metabolism due to diabetes per se and not to chronic hyperglycaemia, insulin therapy, or ageing. These results support the hypothesis that oxidative attack could be an important early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin therapy has a complex relationship with measure of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes: a case for further study
Authors: Monnier Louis , Colette Claude , Michel Françoise , Cristol Jean‐Paul , Owens David R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackgroundBecause pharmacotherapies in type 2 diabetes exert complex effects, we examined the different anti‐diabetic strategies, especially the influence of insulin doses, on the activation of oxidative stress, a key player in atherosclerosis, ageing and the risk of cancer.MethodsThis observational study included 122 persons with type 2 diabetes, 61 treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents alone (group I), 61 treated with a combination of oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin at either a low dose (<0.40 unit/kg/day, group IIa, n = 30) or high dose (≥0.40 unit/kg/day, group IIb, n = 31) of insulin. Oxidative stress was estimated from 24‐h urinary excretion rates of 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α. Haemoglobin A$_{\rm{1c}}$ (%) was also measured to assess overall diabetic control.ResultsThe 24‐h excretion rates of 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α [median (range) pmol/mmol of creatinine] were much lower in group IIa [68 (32–220)] than in either group I [120 (26–329) p < 0.001] or group IIb [101 (30–289) p = 0.026]. Considering groups IIa and IIb as a whole, a significant and positive relationship (p = 0.021) was observed between insulin dose and 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α. Haemoglobin A$_{\rm{1c}}$ was comparable in the three groups.ConclusionsThe main benefit of insulin therapy is the restoration and maintenance of near normal glycaemia. However insulin at elevated doses can promote oxidative stress which is thought to be an important mediator of some of the deleterious effects of insulin. Our study shows that the link between insulin action and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes is complex and warrants further study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dependence of cardiac trabeculation on neuregulin signaling and blood flow in zebrafish
Authors: Peshkovsky Courtney , Totong Ronald , Yelon Deborah 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMaturation of the developing heart requires the structural elaboration of the embryonic ventricle through the process of trabeculation. Trabeculae form as the ventricular myocardium protrudes into the lumen of the chamber, thereby increasing muscle mass and altering functional output. Little is understood about the cellular basis for trabeculation and its genetic regulation. Here, we establish the utility of the zebrafish embryo for the analysis of the mechanisms driving trabeculation. In zebrafish, we can follow trabeculation in four dimensions and define morphologically discrete stages for the initiation, propagation, and network elaboration that form the ventricular trabeculae. We find that Neuregulin/ErbB signaling is required for the initial protrusion of the myocardium into the ventricular lumen. Additionally, we demonstrate that optimal blood flow through the ventricle is important for the advancement of trabeculation. Thus, our results indicate that the zebrafish provides a valuable model for investigating possible causes of congenital defects in trabeculation. Developmental Dynamics 240:446–456, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyaluronan production by means of Has2 gene expression in chondrocytes is essential for long bone development
Authors: Moffatt Pierre , Lee Eunice R. , St‐Jacques Benoit , Matsumoto Kazu , Yamaguchi Yu , Roughley Peter J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMice possessing no Has2 expression in chondrocytes died near birth and displayed abnormalities throughout their skeleton. By embryonic day 18.5, the long bones were short and wide, and possessed excessive mineralization within their diaphysis, with little evidence of diaphyseal bone modeling. However, this does not appear to be associated with an absence of blood vessel invasion or the reduced presence of osteoclasts. There was no evidence for the formation of an organized growth plate between the epiphysis and diaphysis, and while hypertrophic chondrocytes were present in this region they were abnormal in both appearance and organization. There was also increased cellularity in the epiphyseal cartilage and a corresponding decrease in the abundance of extracellular matrix, but aggrecan was still present. Thus, hyaluronan production by chondrocytes is not only essential for formation of an organized growth plate and subsequent long bone growth but also for normal modeling of the diaphyseal bone. Developmental Dynamics 240:404–412, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amplification of cytokine production through synergistic activation of NFAT and AP‐1 following stimulation of mast cells with antigen and IL‐33
Authors: Andrade Marcus V. , Iwaki Shoko , Ropert Catherine , Gazzinelli Ricardo T. , Cunha‐Melo Jose R. , Beaven Michael A. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIL‐33 is associated with atopic and autoimmune diseases and, as reported here, it interacts synergistically with Ag to markedly enhance production of inflammatory cytokines in rodent mast cells even in the absence of degranulation. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms revealed that synergy in signaling occurred at the level of TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1, which was then transmitted downstream through JNK, p38 MAP kinase, and AP‐1. Stimulation of the Ca2+/calcineurin/NFAT pathway by Ag, which IL‐33 did not, was critical for the synergy between Ag and IL‐33. For example, selective stimulation of the NFAT pathway by thapsigargin also markedly enhanced responses to IL‐33 in a calcineurin‐dependent manner. As indicated by luciferase‐reporter assays, IL‐33 failed to stimulate the transcriptional activities of NFAT and AP‐1 but augmented the activation of these transcription factors by Ag or thapsigargin. Robust stimulation of NF‐κB transcriptional activity by IL‐33 was also essential for the synergy. These and pharmacologic data suggested that the enhanced production of cytokines resulted in part from amplification of the activation of AP‐1 and NFAT as well as co‐operative interactions among transcription factors. IL‐33 may retune mast cell responses to Ag toward enhanced cytokine production and thus determine the symptoms and severity of Ag‐dependent allergic and autoimmune diseases.
IL‐17‐producing T cells contribute to acute graft‐versus‐host disease in patients undergoing unmanipulated blood and marrow transplantation
Authors: Zhao Xiang‐Yu , Xu Ling‐Ling , Lu Sheng‐Ye , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IL‐17‐producing T cells, including Th17 and Tc17 cells, on acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) in patients who had undergone granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐mobilised peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) and G‐CSF‐primed bone marrow (G‐BM) transplantation. Allografts from forty‐one patients were analysed for IL‐17‐producing T cells with respect to aGVHD. Furthermore, ten patients with aGVHD onset were monitored for the presence of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood by flow cytometry. Patients who received a higher dose of Th17 cells in the G‐BM (>8.5×104/kg, p=0.005) or a higher dose of Tc17 cells in PBPC (>16.8×104/kg, p=0.001) exhibited a higher incidence of aGVHD. An increased Th17 population (up to 4.99% CD4+ T lymphocytes) was observed in patients with aGVHD onset. In contrast, the percentage of Th17 population decreased drastically in aGVHD patients following treatment to achieve partial and complete remission (p=0.013 and p=0.008, respectively). All percentages of Th17 and Tc17 cells were significantly reduced after in vivo G‐CSF application. Our results suggested that IL‐17‐producing T cells contributed to aGVHD. The application of G‐CSF in vivo aided in reducing the occurrence of aGVHD through a decrease in IL‐17 secretion by T cells.
Telomere‐dependent replicative senescence of B and T cells from patients with type 1a common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Visentini Marcella , Cagliuso Maria , Conti Valentina , Carbonari Maurizio , Mancaniello Debora , Cibati Marina , Siciliano Giulia , Giorda Ezio , Keller Baerbel , Warnatz Klaus , Fiorilli Massimo , Quinti Isabella 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA subset of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), group 1a of the Freiburg classification, is characterized by increased B cells expressing low levels of CD21 (CD21low), lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity. The CD21low B cells have been shown to be profoundly anergic, and defects of BCR‐mediated calcium signaling and of T cells have been described in CVID 1a. We found that also the classical naïve B cells from CVID 1a patients, but not from CVID non‐1a patients, proliferated poorly. The B cells of CVID 1a patients had a reduced capacity to divide reminiscent of the proliferative arrest associated with replicative senescence. Thus, we investigated whether lymphocyte dysfunction in CVID 1a was related to telomere‐dependent replicative senescence, and found that both the B and the T cells from CVID 1a patients had significantly shorter telomeres compared with B and T cells from CVID non‐1a patients. Telomere lengths in B and T cells were significantly correlated, indicating that the rate of telomere attrition in lymphocytes is an individual characteristic of CVID patients. Our findings suggest that telomere‐dependent replicative senescence contributes to the immune dysfunction of CVID 1a patients, and may provide an important clue for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of CVID.
The enigma of CD4‐lineage specification
Authors: Xiong Yumei , Bosselut Rémy 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCD4+ T cells are essential for defenses against pathogens and affect the functions of most cells involved in the immune response. Although CD4+ T cells generally recognize peptide antigens bound to MHC‐II molecules, important subsets are restricted by other MHC or MHC‐like molecules, including CD1d‐restricted “invariant” iNK T cells. This review discusses recently identified nodes in the transcriptional circuits that are involved in controlling CD4+ T‐cell differentiation, notably the commitment factor Thpok and its interplay with Runx transcriptional regulators, and focuses on how transcription factors acting upstream of Thpok, including Gata3, Tox and E‐box proteins, promote the emergence of CD4‐lineage‐specific gene expression patterns.
Metal Complexes of a Multidentate Cyclophosphazene with Imidazole‐Containing Side Chains for Hydrolyses of Phosphoesters – Bimolecular vs. Intramolecular Dinuclear Pathway
Authors: Wang Le , Ye Yong , Lykourinou Vasiliki , Angerhofer Alexander , Ming Li‐June , Zhao Yufen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractA multidentate imidazole‐containing cyclophosphazene (Im6Cpz) ligand was synthesized and its metal complexes (MxIm6Cpz; M = ZnII, CuII, CoII; x = 1, 2, 3) were prepared and used as phosphoesterase models towards hydrolysis of the model substrates p‐nitrophenylphosphate (NPP) and bis(p‐nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) in 75 % DMSO buffer solution at pH = 7–11 at 37 °C. The hydrolysis of BNPP by Cu3Im6Cpz exhibits enzyme‐like saturation kinetics with kcat = 1.4 × 10–5 s–1 and kcat/Km = 0.0027 M–1 s–1. The CuII complex exhibits a tremendous selectivity toward NPP, showingnearly a stoichiometric binding with kcat = 6.8 × 10–4 s–1 under saturation conditions and a significant second‐order rate constant kcat/Kd = 136 M–1 s–1, which is 5.0 × 104 times higher than that for BNPP hydrolysis. An intramolecular dinuclear pathway was revealed for the complexes Cu2Im6Cpz andCu3Im6Cpz; whereas an intermolecular dinuclear pathway was observed for CuIm6Cpz. Cu3Im6Cpz shows an order of magnitude higher activity than the simple CuII complex of the untethered ligand N‐methylimidazole, Cu(MeIm)2, suggesting a possible contribution from the proximity effect in the Im6Cpz complexes. The high catalytic specificity of Cu3Im6Cpz towards the phosphomonoester NPP suggests that it can serve as a good model system and a blueprint for further exploration of catalytic activity and specificity in phosphoester hydrolysis.
Water‐Soluble and Biocompatible Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Luminescence and Sensing Application (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2/2011)
Authors: Li Mei‐Jin , Jiao Pengchong , He Weiwen , Yi Changqing , Li Cheuk‐Wing , Chen Xi , Chen Guo‐Nan , Yang Mengsu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the structures of two novel water‐soluble cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with good water solubility, high quantum efficiency and biocompatibility. Preliminary experiments of cell viability and sensing of lectin show that iridium(III) complexes with appended sugar groups provide advantages of reducing the toxicity and of improving the solubility in water, and open up the possibility of molecular targeting of carbohydrate‐binding domains in cells and tissues. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by M.‐J. Li, G.‐N. Chen et al. on p. 197.
First do no harm: Iatrogenic Maintaining Factors in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Treasure Janet , Crane Anna , McKnight Rebecca , Buchanan Emmakate , Wolfe Melissa 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to reflect on the way that we as clinicians may play an inadvertent role in perpetuating eating disordered behaviour. This is considered within the theoretical framework of Schmidt and Treasures' maintenance model of anorexia nervosa (AN). The model includes four main domains; interpersonal factors, pro‐AN beliefs, emotional style and thinking style. Interpersonal reactions are of particular relevance as clinicians (as with family members) may react with high expressed emotion and unknowingly encourage eating disorder behaviours to continue. Hostility in the form of coercive refeeding in either a hospital or outpatient setting may strengthen conditioned food avoidance and pessimism may hamper motivation to change. Negative schema common to eating disorders, for example low self‐esteem, perfectionism and striving for social value may augment existing or initiate new eating disorder behaviour. Services can become a reinforcing influence by providing an overly protective, palliating environment which ensures safety, security and acceptance whilst reducing loneliness and isolation. This stifles the need for an individual to develop their own sense of responsibility, autonomy and independence allowing avoidance to dominate. Furthermore, the highly structured environment of inpatient care supports the rigid attention to detail and inflexibility that is characteristic of people with eating disorders, and allows these negative behaviours to thrive. Careful planning of service provision, reflective practice, supervision and regular team feedback is essential to prevent iatrogenic harm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Optimal partial hedging of options with small transaction costs
Authors: Whalley A. Elizabeth 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study uses asymptotic analysis to derive optimal hedging strategies for option portfolios hedged using an imperfectly correlated hedging asset with small fixed and/or proportional transaction costs, obtaining explicit formulae in special cases. This is of use when it is impractical to hedge using the underlying asset itself. The hedging strategy holds a position in the hedging asset whose value lies between two bounds, which are independent of the hedging asset's current value. For low absolute correlation between hedging and hedged assets, highly risk‐averse investors and large portfolios, hedging strategies and option values differ significantly from their perfect market equivalents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 31:855–897, 2011
Chromosome‐specific segmentation revealed by structural analysis of individually isolated chromosomes
Authors: Kitada Kunio , Taima Akira , Ogasawara Kiyomoto , Metsugi Shouichi , Aikawa Satoko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnalysis of structural rearrangements at the individual chromosomal level is still technologically challenging. Here we optimized a chromosome isolation method using fluorescent marker‐assisted laser‐capture and laser‐beam microdissection and applied it to structural analysis of two aberrant chromosomes found in a lung cancer cell line. A high‐density array‐comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) analysis of DNA samples prepared from each of the chromosomes revealed that these two chromosomes contained 296 and 263 segments, respectively, ranging from 1.5 kb to 784.3 kb in size, derived from different portions of chromosome 8. Among these segments, 242 were common in both aberrant chromosomes, but 75 were found to be chromosome‐specific. Sequences of 263 junction sites connecting the ends of segments were determined using a PCR/Sanger‐sequencing procedure. Overlapping microhomologies were found at 169 junction sites. Junction partners came from various portions of chromosome 8 and no biased pattern in the positional distribution of junction partners was detected. These structural characteristics suggested the occurrence of random fragmentation of the entire chromosome 8 followed by random rejoining of these fragments. Based on that, we proposed a model to explain how these aberrant chromosomes are formed. Through these structural analyses, it was demonstrated that the optimized chromosome isolation method described here can provide high‐quality chromosomal DNA for high resolution array‐CGH analysis and probably for massively parallel sequencing analysis. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactions of nitroxides, part XI: O‐Aryl phenylselenophosphonates bearing a nitroxyl moiety
Authors: Huras Bogumiła , Zakrzewski Jerzy , Krawczyk Maria 
Published: January 2011

AbstractO‐Aryl phenylselenophosphonates bearing a nitroxyl moiety were synthesized in the presence of pyridine in diethyl ether from 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl, and either phenyldichlorophosphine and elemental selenium in 9–35% yield or phenyldichlorophosphine selenide in 36–62% yield. O,O‐Diaryl phenylselenophosphonates and O,O‐bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐oxyl‐4‐piperidyl)phenylselenophosphonates were obtained as by‐products. O,O‐Diaryl phenylselenophosphonates were obtained from phenyldichlorophosphine selenide and 2 mol of phenols in 55–86% yield. Antifungal activity of some synthesized selenophosphonates was found. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:137–147, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.20667
Visualization of water transport in GDL and flow channel of PEMFC
Authors: Ma Yue , Jia Li , Zhang Zhuqian , Wang Xia 
Published: January 2011

AbstractLiquid water penetrating the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was studied. The gas diffuse layer (GDL) has a great impact on PEMFC's performanc3e, and is an important component of a PEMFC. An ex‐situ test was conducted on a transparent test cell to visualize the water droplet formation and detachment on the surface of different types of GDLs through a CCD camera. The breakthrough pressure, at which the liquid water penetrates the GDL and starts to form a droplet, was measured. The breakthrough pressure was found to be different for GDLs with different porosities and thicknesses. The equilibrium pressure, which is defined as the minimum pressure required for maintaining a constant flow through the GDL, was also recorded. The equilibrium pressure was found to be much lower than the breakthrough pressure for the same type of GDL. Also the drain performance using three kinds of different bipolar plates were compared in this paper. According to the result of experiment, the average diameters of porous GDLs were found determining the penetrating pressure. Serpentine flow channel proved the best pattern for drainage. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20330