bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and depression in patients with metastatic cancer: the protective effects of attachment security and spiritual wellbeing
Authors: LO CHRISTOPHER , LIN JUDY , GAGLIESE LUCIA , ZIMMERMANN CAMILLA , MIKULINCER MARIO , RODIN GARY 
Published: September 2009

ABSTRACTPsychological distress in cancer patients is inversely related to age, although the reasons are unclear. The adult development literature suggests that ageing may be associated with the development of adaptive capacities, specifically greater attachment security (the sense that others will be available and supportive when needed) and spirituality (the capacity to view one's life as having meaning, purpose and value), that enable older people to cope better with disease. We examined whether age-related patterns in attachment security and spiritual wellbeing account for the protective effect of age against distress. Measures of depression, attachment security, spiritual wellbeing and disease burden were collected from 342 patients aged from 21 to 88 years with advanced, metastatic cancer. Attachment security and spiritual wellbeing were tested as mediators of the effect of age on depression, controlling for disease burden. It was found that age was associated inversely with depression and positively with spiritual wellbeing and attachment security. Depression was inversely related to attachment security and spiritual wellbeing, and the effect of age on depression was fully mediated by attachment security and spiritual wellbeing. The relative protection from psychological distress among older cancer patients may be the result of age-related developmental accomplishments and/or differences in the response to adverse life-events.
Science, funding and participation: key issues for marine protected area networks and the Coral Triangle Initiative
Authors: CLIFTON JULIAN 
Published: September 2009

SUMMARYThe Coral Triangle Initiative (CTI) in south-east Asia offers a new opportunity to address marine conservation in this global biodiversity hotspot. This commentary offers an analysis of the concept of networked marine protected areas (MPAs) which form the cornerstone of this agenda. Attention is drawn to the value of the scientific rationale for implementing such a network, along with the ability for component MPAs to be self-financing and managed in accordance with local environmental conditions and the needs of resident communities. It is concluded that the current model of MPA networks as represented in the CTI needs to build upon existing MPA practices, recognize the varied socioeconomic, political and environmental characteristics of the region and adopt an adaptive approach to MPA implementation if it is to offer genuine prospects for conservation.
Replacement of the Aortic Valve in a Patient with Mucolipidosis III
Authors: Cripe Linda H. , Ware Stephanie M. , Hinton Robert B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe report replacement of the aortic valve in a patient aged 9 years with mucolipidosis III and severe aortic insufficiency. Histopathology demonstrated abnormalities of the matrix and lysosomal inclusion bodies. As life expectancy increases for patients with lysosomal storage disorders, approaches to intervention for valvar disease become increasingly important.
Method of Levels: initial steps in assessing adherence and the development of a qualitative framework for mapping clients' control hierarchies
Authors: Bird Timothy , Mansell Warren , Tai Sara 
Published: September 2009

AbstractMethod of Levels (MOL) is a form of cognitive therapy based on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT). This paper presents the initial steps towards four methods of establishing the validity of MOL. First, the session was rated by two independent experts for its adherence to MOL using a newly developed 6-item scale based on the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale. Second, each therapist utterance within a session of MOL was coded and categorized in terms of the therapist's goal to test for adherence to the two specified goals of MOL. Third, a macroanalysis of a MOL session utilizing interpretative phenomenological analysis hypothesized the control hierarchies involved in a client's presenting problem and their zones of conflict. Fourth, a microanalysis of a brief interchange between the therapist and client explored its adherence to PCT. These methods of establishing validity are introduced and explored for later use in larger scale studies. The limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Essen im Spital – eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung
Authors: Huber Evelyn 
Published: September 2009

Das Spital Zollikerberg lässt jährlich Befragungen zur Erhebung der Patientenzufriedenheit durchführen. Im Bereich Gastronomie werden Fragen zur Vielfalt, Präsentation und Temperatur der Mahlzeiten sowie zur Mahlzeitenqualität insgesamt gestellt. Die vorliegende Studie ging der Frage nach, was der Aspekt Mahlzeitenqualität insgesamt für Patientinnen bedeutet. Es wurden 23 narrative Interviews mit 24 Personen durchgeführt, die nach der Methode der induktiven zusammenfassenden Inhaltsanalyse bearbeitet wurden. Die Patientinnen waren mit dem Essen größtenteils sehr zufrieden. Dazu gehörten die Art und Weise, wie gekocht wird, Auswahlmöglichkeiten, Präsentation und Temperatur der Speisen sowie die Essenszeiten. Auch das Personal wurde weitgehend als nett und hilfsbereit beschrieben. Verbesserungsbedarf zeigte sich neben vereinzelten Speisen oder Aspekten der Präsentation vor allem bei den The­men Information zum Verpflegungsangebot sowie Umgang mit Appetitproblemen. Einigen Personen fehlten insbesondere in der Anfangszeit ihrer Hospitalisation umfassende Informationen zu den Verpflegungsmöglichkeiten. Personen, die keinen Appetit hatten, versuchten, von dem Angebotenen das auszuwählen, was ihnen am ehesten entsprach und davon ein wenig zu essen. Angesichts der verbreiteten Problematik der Mangelernährung in Spitälern sieht die Autorin besonders in diesem letzten Punkt Handlungsbedarf, wobei der Pflege innerhalb des interdisziplinären Behandlungsteams eine zentrale Aufgabe zukommt.
Addressing Issues for Land Change Science: Workshop on Vulnerability and Resilience of Land Systems in Asia; Beijing, China, 15–17 June 2009
Authors: Braimoh Ademola , Huang He Qing 
Published: September 2009

There is a growing international community of scholars who work within the interdisciplinary field of land change science, a scientific domain that seeks to understand the dynamics of the land system as a coupled human‐environment system. A coupled human‐environment system is one in which the social and biophysical subsystems are intertwined so that the system's condition and responses to external forcing are based on the synergy of the two subsystems. Research on land system vulnerability, defined as a function of exposure and sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic perturbations, such as climate variability and sudden changes in macroeconomic conditions and the ability to cope with the impacts of those perturbations, is a fundamental component of land change science.To address issues related to land system vulnerability, the Global Land Project (GLP; http://www.glp‐beijing.org.cn/index.php and http://www.glp.hokudai.ac.jp) brought together an interdisciplinary group of researchers with backgrounds ranging from environmental to social sciences. Participants came from both developed and developing countries. The workshop sought to (1) improve knowledge of the causal processes that affect a system's vulnerability and capacity to cope with different perturbations and (2) identify factors that hinder the integration of vulnerability assessment into policies and decision making.
Identification of iron-reducing microorganisms in anoxic rice paddy soil by 13C-acetate probing
Authors: Hori Tomoyuki , Müller Alexandra , Igarashi Yasuo , Conrad Ralf , Friedrich Michael W 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
In anoxic rice field soil, ferric iron reduction is one of the most important terminal electron accepting processes, yet little is known about the identity of iron-reducing microorganisms. Here, we identified acetate-metabolizing bacteria by RNA-based stable isotope probing in the presence of iron(III) oxides as electron acceptors. After reduction of endogenous iron(III) for 21 days, isotope probing with 13C-labeled acetate (2 mm) and added ferric iron oxides (ferrihydrite or goethite) was performed in rice field soil slurries for 48 and 72 h. Ferrihydrite reduction coincided with a strong suppression of methanogenesis (77%). Extracted RNA from each treatment was density resolved by isopycnic centrifugation, and analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, followed by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA of bacterial and archaeal populations. In heavy, isotopically labeled RNAs of the ferrihydrite treatment, predominant 13C-assimilating populations were identified as Geobacter spp. (∼85% of all clones). In the goethite treatment, iron(II) formation was not detectable. However, Geobacter spp. (∼30%), the δ-proteobacterial Anaeromyxobacter spp. (∼30%), and novel β-Proteobacteria were predominant in heavy rRNA fractions indicating that 13C-acetate had been assimilated in the presence of goethite, whereas none were detected in the control heavy RNA. For the first time, active acetate-oxidizing iron(III)-reducing bacteria, including novel hitherto unrecognized populations, were identified as a functional guild in anoxic paddy soil.
Subsurface ecosystem resilience: long-term attenuation of subsurface contaminants supports a dynamic microbial community
Authors: Yagi Jane M , Neuhauser Edward F , Ripp John A , Mauro David M , Madsen Eugene L 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The propensity for groundwater ecosystems to recover from contamination by organic chemicals (in this case, coal-tar waste) is of vital concern for scientists and engineers who manage polluted sites. The microbially mediated cleanup processes are also of interest to ecologists because they are an important mechanism for the resilience of ecosystems. In this study we establish the long-term dynamic nature of a coal-tar waste-contaminated site and its microbial community. We present 16 years of chemical monitoring data, tracking responses of a groundwater ecosystem to organic contamination (naphthalene, xylenes, toluene, 2-methyl naphthalene and acenaphthylene) associated with coal-tar waste. In addition, we analyzed small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes from two contaminated wells at multiple time points over a 2-year period. Principle component analysis of community rRNA fingerprints (terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)) showed that the composition of native microbial communities varied temporally, yet remained distinctive from well to well. After screening and analysis of 1178 cloned SSU rRNA genes from Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya, we discovered that the site supports a robust variety of eukaryotes (for example, alveolates (especially anaerobic and predatory ciliates), stramenopiles, fungi, even the small metazoan flatworm, Suomina) that are absent from an uncontaminated control well. This study links the dynamic microbial composition of a contaminated site with the long-term attenuation of its subsurface contaminants.
The Influence of Speaking Rate on Nasality in the Speech of Hearing-Impaired Individuals
Authors: Dwyer Claire H. , Robb Michael P. , O’Beirne Greg A. , Gilbert Harvey R. 
Published: September 2009

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine whether deliberate increases in speaking rate would serve to decrease the amount of nasality in the speech of severely hearing-impaired individuals.

Method

The participants were 11 severely to profoundly hearing-impaired students, ranging in age from 12 to 19 years (
M
= 16 years). Each participant provided a baseline speech sample (R1) followed by 3 training sessions during which participants were trained to increase their speaking rate. Following the training sessions, a second speech sample was obtained (R2). Acoustic and perceptual analyses of the speech samples obtained at R1 and R2 were undertaken. The acoustic analysis focused on changes in first (F
1
) and second (F
2
) formant frequency and formant bandwidths. The perceptual analysis involved listener ratings of the speech samples (at R1 and R2) for perceived nasality.

Results

Findings indicated a significant increase in speaking rate at R2. In addition, significantly narrower F
2
bandwidth and lower perceptual rating scores of nasality were obtained at R2 across all participants, suggesting a decrease in nasality as speaking rate increases.

Conclusion
The nasality demonstrated by hearing-impaired individuals is amenable to change when speaking rate is increased. The influences of speaking rate changes on the perception and production of nasality in hearing-impaired individuals are discussed.
Tongue Movements During Water Swallowing in Healthy Young and Older Adults
Authors: Steele Catriona M. , Van Lieshout Pascal 
Published: September 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the nature and extent of variability in tongue movement during healthy swallowing as a function of aging and gender. In addition, changes were quantified in healthy tongue movements in response to specific differences in the nature of the swallowing task (discrete vs. sequential swallows).MethodElectromagnetic midsagittal articulography (EMMA) was used to study the swallowing-related movements of markers located in midline on the anterior (blade), middle (body), and posterior (dorsum) tongue in a sample of 34 healthy adults in 2 age groups (under vs. over 50 years of age). Participants performed a series of reiterated water swallows, in either a discrete or a sequential manner.ResultsThis study shows that age-related changes in tongue movements during swallowing are restricted to the domain of movement duration. The authors confirm that different tongue regions can be selectively modulated during swallowing tasks and that both functional and anatomical constraints influence the manner in which tongue movement modulation occurs. Sequential swallowing, in comparison to discrete swallowing, elicits simplification or down-scaling of several kinematic parameters.ConclusionThe data illustrate task-specific stereotyped patterns of tongue movement in swallowing, which are robust to the effects of healthy aging in all aspects other than movement duration.
A Few Binary Star Puzzles for Roberto on the Occasion of His Birthday
Authors: Preston George W. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRadial-velocity observations accumulated during the past 16 years are used to derive a preliminary orbit for the CEMP star CS 22881–036. The velocity amplitude is very small. No velocity variation is found for three additional CEMP stars observed over roughly the same time interval. Searches for companions of two CEMP double-lined spectroscopic binaries and of the RR Lyrae star TY Gru are reviewed. A disparity between the period distribution of disk carbon-star binaries and that of their parent population of normal binaries can be attributed qualitatively to a decline in accreted mass with increasing binary separation. Finally, possible reasons for failure to find expected companions of CEMP stars are discussed.
He and Ne Ages of Large Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains: Solving the Recoil Problem
Authors: Ott Ulrich , Heck Philipp R. , Gyngard Frank , Wieler Rainer , Wrobel Frédéric , Amari Sachiko , Zinner Ernst 
Published: September 2009

AbstractKnowledge about the age of presolar grains provides important insights into Galactic chemical evolution and the dynamics of grain formation and destruction processes in the Galaxy. Determination from the abundance of cosmic ray interaction products is straightforward, but in the past has suffered from uncertainties in correcting for recoil losses of spallation products. The problem is less serious in a class of large (tens of μm) grains. We describe the correction procedure and summarise results for He and Ne ages of presolar SiC ‘Jumbo’ grains that range from close to zero to ∼850 Myr, with the majority being less than 200 Myr. We also discuss the possibility of extending our approach to the majority of smaller SiC grains and explore possible contributions from trapping of cosmic rays.
Nucleosynthesis of Light-Element Isotopes in Evolved Stars Experiencing Extended Mixing
Authors: Palmerini S. , Busso M. , Maiorca E. , Guandalini R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe present computations of nucleosynthesis in red giants and Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars of Population I experiencing extended mixing. The assumed physical cause for mass transport is the buoyancy of magnetized structures, according to recent suggestions. The peculiar property of such a mechanism is to allow for both fast and slow mixing phenomena, as required for reproducing the spread in Li abundances displayed by red giants and as discussed in an accompanying paper. We explore here the effects of this kind of mass transport on CNO and intermediate-mass nuclei and compare the results with the available evidence from evolved red giants and from the isotopic composition of presolar grains of AGB origin. It is found that a good general accord exists between predictions and measurements; in this framework we also show which type of observational data best constrains the various parameters. We conclude that magnetic buoyancy, allowing for mixing at rather different speeds, can be an interesting scenario to explore for explaining together the abundances of CNO nuclei and of Li.
Monoenergetic Neutrons for Stellar Applications
Authors: Mosconi M. , Heil M. , Käppeler F. , Plag R. , Mengoni A. , Nolte R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWith modern techniques, neutron-capture cross sections can be determined with uncertainties of a few percent. However, Maxwellian averaged cross sections calculated from such data require a correction (because low-lying excited states are thermally populated in the hot stellar photon bath) which has to be determined by theoretical calculations. These calculations can be improved with information from indirect measurements, in particular by the inelastic scattering cross section. For low-lying levels, the inelastically scattered neutrons are difficult to separate from the dominant elastic channel. This problem is best solved by means of pulsed, monoenergetic neutron beams. For this reason, a pulsed beam of 30 keV neutrons with an energy spread of 7 to 9 keV FWHM and a width from 10 to 15 ns has been produced at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe using the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction directly at the reaction threshold. With this neutron beam the inelastic scattering cross section of the first excited level at 9.75 keV in 187Os was determined with a relative uncertainty of 6%. The use of monoenergetic neutron beams has been further pursued at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Braunschweig, including the 3H(p, n)3He reaction for producing neutrons with an energy of 64 keV.
Presolar Diamond in Meteorites
Authors: Amari Sachiko 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPresolar diamond, the carrier of the isotopically anomalous Xe component Xe–HL, was the first mineral type of presolar dust that was isolated from meteorites. The excesses in the light, p-process only isotopes 124Xe and 126Xe, and in the heavy, r-process only isotopes 134Xe and 136Xe relative to the solar ratios indicate that Xe–HL was produced in supernovae: they are the only stellar source where these two processes are believed to take place. Although these processes occur in supernovae, their physical conditions and timeframes are completely different. Yet the excesses are always correlated in diamond separates from meteorites. Furthermore, the p-process 124Xe/126Xe inferred from Xe–L and the r-process 134Xe/136Xe from Xe–H do not agree with the p-process and r-process ratios derived from the solar system abundance, and the inferred p-process ratio does not agree with those predicted from stellar models. The ‘rapid separation scenario’, where the separation of Xe and its radiogenic precursors Te and I takes place at the very early stage (7900 s after the end of the r-process), has been proposed to explain Xe–H. Alternatively, mixing of 20% of material that experienced neutron burst and 80% of solar material can reproduce the pattern of Xe–H, although Xe–L is not accounted for with this scenario.
Time-Scales of thesProcess: from Minutes to Ages
Authors: Käppeler F. , Bisterzo S. , Gallino R. , Heil M. , Pignatari M. , Reifarth R. , Straniero O. , Walter S. , Winckler N. , Wisshak K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe time scales in thesprocess appears to be an approriate aspect to discuss at the occasion of Roberto's 70th anniversary, the more as this subject has been repeatedly addressed during the 20 years of collaboration between Torino and Karlsruhe. The two chronometers presented in this text were selected to illustrate the intense mutual stimulation of both groups. Based on a reliable set of accurate stellar (n,γ) cross sections determined mostly at FZK, the Torino group succeeded to develop a comprehensive picture of the variouss-process scenarios, which are most valuable for understanding the composition of the solar system as well as for the interpretation of an increasing number of astronomical observations.
Galactic Chemical Evolution of the s Process from AGB Stars
Authors: Serminato Alessandra , Gallino Roberto , Travaglio Claudia , Bisterzo Sara , Straniero Oscar 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe follow the chemical evolution of the Galaxy for the s elements using a Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) model, as already discussed by Travaglio et al. (1999, 2001, 2004), with a full updated network and refined asymptotic giant branch (AGB) models. Calculations of the s contribution to each isotope at the epoch of the formation of the solar system is determined by following the GCE contribution by AGB stars only. Then, using the r-process residual method we determine for each isotope their solar system r-process fraction, and recalculate the GCE contribution of heavy elements accounting for both the s and r process. We compare our results with spectroscopic abundances at various metallicities of [Sr,Y,Zr/Fe], of [Ba,La/Fe], of [Pb/Fe], typical of the three s-process peaks, as well as of [Eu/Fe], which in turn is a typical r-process element. Analysis of the various uncertainties involved in these calculations are discussed.
Interpretation of CEMP(s) and CEMP(s + r) Stars with AGB Models
Authors: Bisterzo Sara , Gallino Roberto , Straniero Oscar , Aoki Wako 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAsymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars play a fundamental role in s-process nucleosynthesis during their thermal pulsing phase. The theoretical predictions obtained by AGB models at different masses, s-process efficiencies, dilution factors and initial r-enrichment, are compared with spectroscopic observations of Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor stars enriched in s-process elements, CEMP(s), collected from the literature. We discuss here five stars as example, CS 22880-074, CS 22942-019, CS 29526-110, HE 0202-2204 and LP 625-44. All these objects lie on the main sequence or on the giant phase, clearly before the thermally pulsing AGB stage. The hypothesis of mass transfer from an AGB companion, would explain the observed s-process enhancement. CS 29526-110 and LP 625-44 are CEMP(s + r) objects, and are interpreted assuming that the molecular cloud, from which the binary system formed, was already enriched in r-process elements by SNII pollution. In several cases, the observed s-process distribution may be accounted for by AGB models of different initial masses with proper 13C-pocket efficiencies and dilution factors. Na (and Mg), produced via the neutron capture chain starting from 22Ne, may provide an indicator of the initial AGB mass.