bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UVEITIS IN RABBITS WITH PLEURAL EFFUSION DISEASE
Authors: FLEDELIUS H. , BRUUN L. , FENNESTAD K. L. , ANDERSEN S. RY 
Published: May 2009

Pleural effusion disease (PED) is a generalized infection of laboratory rabbits caused by a virus‐like agent. The disease was first described in the late sixties as a mortality problem among rabbits used for the propagation of Nichols' pathogenic Treponema pallidum in Scandinavian laboratories using the T. pallidum immobilization (TPI) test for the serological diagnosis of syphilis.The iridocyclitis, described as a manifestation of PED, has been studied in detail in rabbits experimentally infected with the PED agent. All rabbits surviving the acute phase of infection developed a non‐pyogenic, non‐granulomatous anterior uveitis during the “viraemic” stage of infection. The ocular signs of disease culminated between days 3 and 6 and disappeared within 2 to 3 weeks. No recurrence of uveitis was observed during a 6‐months observation period, nor by subsequent subcutaneous re‐inoculation of the PED agent.Histologically, the uveal reaction was mild and regressed almost completely within 4 weeks. Discrete choroidal inflammatory foci occurred in some of the re‐inoculated rabbits, but without changes in the anterior eye segment.The uveitis of pleural effusion disease in rabbits seems to be caused directly by the virus‐like agent. It might possibly serve as a simple and reproducible model in further uveitis research.
CORNEAL SENSITIVITY AND VIBRATORY PERCEPTION IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: NIELSEN NIELS VESTI 
Published: May 2009

36 patients suffering from diabetes mellitus and 45 controls were subjected to blind studies for corneal sensitivity using Cochet & Bonnet's aesthesiometer and of vibratory perception of the left index finger and great toe by biothesiometer. 83 per cent of the diabetics had a corneal sensitivity below 60 mm against 38 per cent of the controls. Likewise a significantly reduced vibratory perception was noticed among the diabetics. Further, the reductions of corneal sensitivity and vibratory perception were correlated in the diabetics. In both groups falling corneal sensitivity and vibratory perception were found with increasing age over and above 50 years.There is evidence to suggest that a reduced corneal sensitivity in relation to diabetes mellitus forms part of a polyneuropathy.
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN A NEW SYNDROME WITH MUSCLE, EYE AND BRAIN INVOLVEMENT
Authors: RAITTA CHRISTINA , LAMMINEN MAIJA , SANTAVUORI PIRKKO , LEISTI JAAKKO 
Published: May 2009

Muscular dystrophy, brain changes, severe visual failure, myopia and eye changes consisting of congenital glaucoma, cataract, optic and renal changes, have not previously been grouped together in any known syndrome.A series of nine children (8 boys and 1 girl) aged 12 months to 10 years, one of whom had died at the age of 6 years, and one adult male patient aged 40 years, are described.The general signs, laboratory findings and genetic aspects have been presented in detail in a previous paper.Severe visual handicap, nystagmus and uncontrolled eyemovements were present in 9/10 patients.Myopia of > 2 D was found in 8/10 and severe myopia (> 10 D) in 6/10 patients. Congenital glaucoma was diagnosed and treated in five children and infantile glaucoma in three children. Glaucoma was caused by defective cleavage of the chamber angle as evidenced by membranes and synechiae of the chamber angle on gonioscopy and by histology. Mature cataract was operated in two patients aged 10 and 23 years, respectively. Microspherophakia was present in two boys.The ERG and VER showed non‐specific changes in the four patients examined. Tapetoretinal dystrophy was not present.A sequence of muscular dystrophy, brain changes, severe visual failure and eye changes consisting of congenital glaucoma, cataract, optic and retinal changes, has not been found within the range of any hitherto known syndrome.
CONGENITAL ACHROMATOPSIA IN A FINNISH FAMILY
Authors: MÄNTYJÄRVI MAIJA 
Published: May 2009

A family with two achromatic members, a sister and brother, is described. Their parents were first cousins. Eye examination of the 34 relatives examined revealed no abnormalities in 32. The son of their youngest brother was deuteranomalous. However, since this recessive trait is X chromosome linked, this failure was not related to the achromatopsia gene. The granddaughter of their eldest brother had difficulties in colour vision tests and was interpreted as an anomalous trichromat of unclassified nature. This might be a slight intermediate heterozygotic manifestation of the gene. The information of those relatives not examined revealed only a deceased paternal aunt who had had poor vision of an unknown cause.Congenital achromatopsia is rare but nevertheless should be kept in mind in cases of unexplained amblyopia. The nature of this disorder justifies the ophthalmologist to inform these patients of the hereditary character of this disease and to give advice on educational guidance to them.
GLAUCOMA TREATMENT WITH TIMOLOL
Authors: KERTY EMILIA , HØRVEN IVAR 
Published: May 2009

Thirty‐two eyes from 19 patients with either capsular glaucoma, pigmentary glaucoma or primary open angle glaucoma were given topical timolol and followed through a 3–6 months period.Twelve eyes were previously out of control on full medication including pilocarpine, epinephrine and acetazolamide. Eight of these eyes could be adequately controlled throughout the follow‐up period on topical timolol or a combination of timolol and pilocarpine, but without resorting to acetazolamide. One eye needed acetazolamide in combination with timolol, and three eyes had to be referred to surgery.Twelve eyes were adequately controlled either on pilocarpine or full medication, but could be equally well controlled on timolol alone, or timolol and pilocarpine in combination. Acetazolamide could be withheld from all of the six patients who used this drug.Eight eyes were previously untreated. They could all be adequately controlled either on timolol (5 eyes) or timolol and pilocarpine (3 eyes). The study indicates that the effect of timolol 0.5% × 2 may be stronger than the combined effect of epinephrine 1% × 2 and acetazolamide 500 mg a day. Topical timolol was well tolerated. No side reactions occurred and the pupillary size and reactions were not influenced by the timolol treatment.
THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN LENS CAPSULE II. CATARACTA COMPLICATA
Authors: SELAND JOHAN H. 
Published: May 2009

Eight human cataractous lenses extracted from eyes suffering from uveitis have been examined by transmission electron microscopy. The following changes have been demonstrated: cellular proliferation, fibrillogenesis and formation of osmiophilic, electron‐dense amorphous structures.The changes were most pronounced in young lenses but had no features in common with the FEC (fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis) syndrome.
SECONDARY HAEMORRHAGE FOLLOWING TRAUMATIC HYPHAEMA
Authors: MORTENSEN K. KAMP , SJØLIE A. K. 
Published: May 2009

Three out of 56 consecutively admitted patients with traumatic hyphaema. treated conservatively, developed secondary haemorrhage. Of the following 64 patients treated with tranexamic acid, none developed secondary haemorrhage.Statistical analysis, using χ2test with Yate's correction showed no statistical difference with regard to the occurrence of secondary haemorrhage between the two groups.
CORNEAL ENDOTHELIAL CELL DENSITY AFTER AN ATTACK OF ACUTE GLAUCOMA
Authors: SETÄLÄ KIRSI 
Published: May 2009

The corneal endothelial cells of 25 patients with unilateral acute glaucoma were photographed with a clinical specular microscope. Photography was performed as soon as (average 6–12 h) the IOP had been lowered with iv Acetazolamide and/or Mannitol and topical Pilocarpine therapy, and the corneas had become clear. Peripheral iridectomy was performed on the affected eye and prophylactically on the fellow eye in most of these patients. The follow‐up endothelial photographs were taken 6–24 months postoperatively.High intraocular pressure lasting 3 days or more lowered the central endothelial cell density. But a rise in pressure lasting from only a few hours to 2 days did not affect the endothelial cell count. Operative glaucoma procedures caused a loss of central endothelial cells of approximately 4.8% in the series. There was a clear correlation between the duration of elevated pressure and the number of central corneal endothelial cells lost.
OCULAR LESIONS IN HEREDITARY HAEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA
Authors: VASE INGE , VASE POUL 
Published: May 2009

A regional survey has been carried out in order to establish the prevalence of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (Rendu‐Osler‐Weber's disease). Forty‐seven patients fulfilled the proband criteria. No patient was registered due to ocular symptoms.All of the probands were subjected to ophthalmological examination in order to estimate the distribution of ocular lesions in HHT. Conjunctival lesions were found in 20 cases, and an intraocular vascular abnormality in only one case.The possibility of intraocular lesions being a component of the clinical picture of HHT or a sporadic vascular abnormality is discussed.
SCREENING OF RED‐GREEN DEFECTS OF COLOUR VISION WITH PSEUDOISOCHROMATIC TESTS
Authors: AARNISALO EERO 
Published: May 2009

Fifty red‐green defectives and 100 normal subjects were examined with the second edition of the Boström‐Kugelberg (BK II, 1972) series and the Ishihara complete edition (1976) of pseudoisochromatic plates. The results are related to those obtained with the first edition of the Boström‐Kugelberg test (BK I, 1944) and the Boström test (II B, 1950) and to the classification of defects obtained with the Nagel anomaloscope.The 50 red‐green defectives were originally selected by using a combination of the BK I and II B tests. The normal subjects also, passed this preliminary test, as well as an examination with the Nagel anomaloscope.In the final examinations performed under standardized conditions, three red‐green defectives passed both the BK II and the BK I test, while eight defectives passed the Ishihara test. Combination of BK II or BK I test with the Ishihara test does not improve the result. Only one defective (a borderline case of protanomaly) passed the separate II B test.Normal subjects were not classified as colour defectives with any of the four pseudoisochromatic tests used. All normal subjects passed both the BK II and the Ishihara test. Classified as suspected red‐green defectives (one misreading made in standardized conditions) were five normal subjects with the II B test and one normal subject with the BK I test. In the second edition of Boström‐Kugelberg series, the plates numbered 3, 5, 11, 16 and 18 are clearly less effective than respective plates of the first edition. Only the plates numbered 1 and 10 have markedly improved in the second edition.
SERUM AND AQUEOUS HUMOUR CONCENTRATION OF TRANEXAMIC ACID AFTER PERORAL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: BRAMSEN THORKILD 
Published: May 2009

After a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg tranexamic acid in 37 patients with cataract as the sole eye disease, the concentration of the drug was measured in both the serum and the aqueous at various intervals following intake.The serum concentration was highest after three h (average 15.44 mg/l), but a trace of tranexamic acid (0.7 mg/l) could still be found after 19 h. In the aqueous, the concentration was likewise highest after three h (average 1.62 mg/l), but, following this, the fall in tranexamic acid concentration was very gradual and after 19 h was found to be 1.3 mg/l. In two patients who had received 25 mg/kg three times daily for three days, an aqueous concentration of 2.3 mg/l was found eight h after the final intake.
CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION AND HLA HISTOCOMPATIBILITY
Authors: EHLERS NIELS , KISSMEYER‐NIELSEN FLEMMING 
Published: May 2009

A series of 222 cases of 7 mm penetrating corneal grafts were analysed with respect to the influence of HLA compatibility. The degree of compatibility was random as no matching was done (HLA types unknown at time of operation). Consequently, most of the cases showed 3 or 4 incompatibilities.The series was divided into seven diagnostic groups (keratoconus, herpetic keratitis, non‐herpetic keratitis, stromal dystrophy, endothelial dystrophy, mechanical lesion and corrosion). In all groups there was a tendency towards better results among the compatible transplantation, but only when considering the entire series could statistical significance be demonstrated. The groups of 0–2 incompatibilities showed fewer rejection episodes or opaque grafts than the groups of 3 or 4 incompatibilities (x2 = 9.20, P< 0.005). Comparing only the frequency of opaque grafts among the two groups the correlation was less significant (x2 = 3.66, P˜0.05).
PRESENILE CORNEAL ARCUS IN HEALTHY PERSONS. A POSSIBLE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK INDICATOR IN YOUNGER ADULTS
Authors: VARNEK L. , SCHNOHR P. , JENSEN G. 
Published: May 2009

The results of blood‐lipid screening of 200 39–49‐year‐old participants with incidentally diagnosed corneal arcus from the Copenhagen City Heart Study are reported.A large sample of study‐participants of the same age‐group without arcus served as controls.In general, the arcus‐group had higher se.‐cholesterol than the control‐group (P<0.01 in males and <0.02 in females). The se.‐triglycerides in the two groups did not differ.A trend towards positive correlation between arcus‐intensity and cholesterollevel was demonstrated by non‐parametrical statistics. By use of the same statistics, an association between lipids and arcus‐localisation was searched out. Dense arcus in the nasal/lower limbal regions occurred together with hypercholesterolemia more often than did a marked upper/outer arcus.Consequently, based on the present investigation, se.‐cholesterol‐screening of middle‐aged persons with marked lower/nasal arcus seems justified, since hypercholesterolemia might will be an underlying cause.Finally, the importance of diagnosing and treating hypercholesterolemia is briefly discussed.
ERGOPHTHALMOLOGICAL STUDIES IN THE ELECTRONIC INDUSTRY
Authors: DREYER V. , JOHANSEN A. SAABY 
Published: May 2009

162 employees, the majority women, in an electronic industry were examined in a joint study involving several ergonomic aspects. Some results concerning visual skills are here extracted from a more comprehensive report. No natural selection of fitted workers could be demonstrated. The visual function was found to be only one component of a multifactorial system, which determines the psychological and physical well‐being and productivity of industrial workers. The lack of a sufficient number of abnormal persons and comparable working conditions made it difficult to define limiting visual standards for job performance. Ordinary tests for visual acuity, near vision, heterophoria and stereopsis revealed few facts of importance. More intersting results were obtained when spectacles were evaluated as suitable for the job. 43% of the spectacles were considered insufficient. The use of bifocals did not seem to be related to the need of head movements, and 68% of all the spectacles had tinted glasses, in spite of the fact that the majority of persons wearing them considered the working illumination inadequate.An analysis of the working posture and the visual capacity of the worker should precede the prescription of spectacles for industrial workers.
PRESENILE CATARACT
Authors: MARUSZCZAK DANUTA , JENSEN HANNE , GOLDSCHMIDT ERNST 
Published: May 2009

A retrospective investigation was carried out of 100 patients below the age of 60 years operated for presenile cataract.The material has been divided into three occupational groups, depending on the visual requirements.The complaints prior to and after operation have been related to the patient ability to retain their employment. Of 78 patients who were still employed, only 45 were able to return to their former occupation after the first cataract extraction.The final result was that 62 patients could continue their former work, 12 changed their occupation due to aphakia problems, while four had to retire. The vision in the fellow eye, the type of work and the optical appliances have been found to be of primary importance.It is concluded that operation for unilateral cataract is inadvisable, if the vision of the fellow eye is good and contact lenses cannot be used, that the time between operations for bilateral cataract should be as short as possible, and that the use of contact lenses is essential.
CONTRAST SENSITIVITY IN MACULAR DISEASE USING A SMALL‐FIELD AND A LARGE‐FIELD TV‐SYSTEM
Authors: SJÖSTRAND JOHAN 
Published: May 2009

The spatial contrast threshold for a sinusoidal grating of varying contrast and frequency generated with a small‐field or a large‐field TV‐display was examined in normal subjects and in patients with macular disorders.Impairment of contrast sensitivity (reciprocal of contrast) was observed in the different maculopathies investigated. Attenuation of the high‐ and middlefrequency ranges was an early finding in macular disease, whereas changes including the low‐frequency range was observed in more advanced maculopathies. Comparison of results obtained using the small (1.4°) or large‐field (6°‐24°) TV‐system demonstrated a field‐dependence of the contrast sensitivity attenuation in localized macular disorders. In more wide‐spread lesions in the posterior pole, a contrast attenuation over the whole frequency range was found also with the largest (24°) stimulation field used.The study of the contrast sensitivity function supplements the traditional acuity measurements in quantifying the visual loss for objects larger than the resolution limit. I conclude that contrast threshold measurements are not only useful for describing visual loss, but also for tracking progression or recovery. The findings provide some additional insight into the visual difficulties of daily life of patients with a macular disorder. However, the definite role of contrast sensitivity measurements for diagnosing different visual disorders is still lacking.
HUMAN TRAUMATIC CATARACT
Authors: FAGERHOLM P. P. , PHILIPSON B. T. 
Published: May 2009

Six cases representing different stages of cataract formation secondary to eye trauma were subjected to quantitative microradiographic or electron microscopic examination. Anterior and posterior subcapsular cataracts were found to contain extensively swollen lens fibers in the subcapsular cortex. Microradiographic measurements revealed a reduced concentration of dry mass in the subcapsular cortex around the whole circumference of the lens. The inner cortex and the nucleus appeared normal both micro‐radiographically and electron‐microscopically.Two of the examined cases had an opaque‐cataract membrane and one had a Soemmerring's ring. The opaque membranes consisted of irregular masse of degenerated lens fiber material as well as regenerated lens epithelial cells. A wide range of dry mass concentration was found in the opaque membrane that was studied microradiographically. Alterations in morphology and dry mass concentration are more than sufficient to explain the development of opacification in traumatic cataract.
AXIAL LENGTH OF THE EMMETROPIC EYE AND ITS RELATION TO THE HEAD SIZE
Authors: LARSEN JON S. 
Published: May 2009

The results of the ultrasonographic measurements of the ocular components in 40 emmetropic eyes from men of nearly the same age are presented and the possible relation between the axial eye length and the head size is discussed. A significant correlation was found between the axial eye length and the head circumference (P < 0.001), between the axial eye length and the head length (P < 0.01) and between the axial eye length and the head breadth (P < 0.02). A significant correlation was also found between the axial eye length and the height of the subjects (P < 0.01).It is suggested that such a correlation can explain not only the wide individual range of axial eye lengths in emmetropic eyes, but also the existing difference in axial eye length between the sexes.The mean eye length was 23.82 mm in 40 men and 23.02 mm in 10 women; both sexes were of the same age (20–30 years).
PREVALENCE OF PINGUECULA IN GREENLAND AND IN COPENHAGEN, AND ITS RELATION TO PTERYGIUM AND SPHEROID DEGENERATION
Authors: NORN M. S. 
Published: May 2009

The prevalence of pinguecula has been studied by slit lamp examination of 659 Eskimos in South Greenland and 810 Caucasians in Copenhagen.The overall prevalence was found to be 56 per cent in Greenland against 41 per cent in Copenhagen (P < 0.001) and to rise with increasing age, though with a fall after the age of 60 among Greenland women.Pingueculae (measured by their vertical height) are largest among Greenlanders, and larger in males than in females. They increase in size with increasing age.They are generally located nasally in Greenlanders and temporally in Copenhageners.The prevalence of pinguecula is almost 1 1/2 times higher among Greenlanders than among Copenhageners, while that of spheroid degeneration and that of pterygium are 3 times and slightly over 10 times higher respectively.The incidence of pinguecula and spheroid degeneration are correlated per site and per subject in the two geographically different series.Pterygium is not correlated with regard to site, this being always located nasally. Pterygium practically never harbours spheroid degeneration, neither in its body nor in its head (81 pterygia).Pinguecula and pterygium are therefore to be regarded as two different disorders, while spheroid degeneration is related to pinguecula.
ABSORBABLE SUTURES (DEXON AND VICRYL) IN THE CORNEOLIMBAL INCISION
Authors: NIELSEN NIELS VESTI , HøJBJERG JENS CARL , WESTERLUND ERIK 
Published: May 2009

In 115 consecutive cataract extractions with implantation of arteficial lens a clinical evaluation of absorbable sutures ‐ polyglactin (910) (Vicryl® 7‐0) and polyglycolic acid (Dexon® 8‐0) — in corneolimbal incision has been performed. The corneolimbal wounds were closed by continuous suture technique with one double loop knot at the 12 o'clock and 5–6 loops on each side of the 12 o'clock knot. The suture had disappeared after 8 weeks in 95% of the eyes.Two months after operation the visual acuity, the power of corneal astigmatism and astigmatic orientation remained unchanged in both the Vicryl® and the Dexon® sutured group. This provided effectuation of early full prescription of glasses.Most complications in this material were suture independent and appeared during the early postoperative period. In only one eye indequate wound closure was noticed. Shallow anterior chamber and hypotonia of short duration occured in 5 eyes. Four of these patients developed corneal dystrophy. In the Vicryl® sutured group suture reactions took place in 87% of the eyes. With dexon® suture no such reaction appeared.The use of absorbable sutures in corneolimbal incision technique implies several surgical advantages and is seemingly safe.
ENDOTHELIAL MORPHOLOGY RELATED TO DISEASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN CORNEAS
Authors: OLSEN THOMAS , SPERLING STEFFEN 
Published: May 2009

Twenty normal and four groups of pathological corneas with the diagnoses aphakia, macula after herpetic keratitis, Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy and graft rejection were stained with trypane blue and alizarin red. The morphology of the endothelium was described in terms of cell density, coefficent of variation for cell area, percentage of hexagonal cells, percentage of joint meetings of more than three cells, nuclei per cell and nuclear shape.The groups of aphakia, keratitis, Fuchs' dystrophy and graft rejection were considered to represent increasing degrees of endothelial disease activity at the time of evaluation. The only parameter showing consistent variation with disease activity was the percentage of joint meetings of more than three cells.