bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“What Would You Do if You Were Me?” Effects of Counselor Self‐Disclosure Versus Non‐disclosure in a Hypothetical Genetic Counseling Session
Authors: Paine Amy L. , McCarthy Veach Patricia , MacFarlane Ian M. , Thomas Brittany , Ahrens Mary , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractTwo prior studies suggest genetic counselors self‐disclose primarily because patients ask them to do so (Peters et al., 2004; Thomas et al., 2006). However, scant research has investigated effects of counselor disclosure on genetic counseling processes and outcomes. In this study, 151 students (98 undergraduates, 53 graduates) completed one of three surveys describing a hypothetical genetic counseling session in which a patient at risk for FAP was considering whether to pursue testing or surveillance procedures. Dialogue was identical in all surveys, except for a final response to the question: “What would you do if you were me?” The counselor either revealed what she would do (Personal Disclosure), what other patients have done (Professional Disclosure), or deflected the question (No Disclosure). Imagining themselves as the patient, participants wrote a response to the counselor and indicated their perceptions of her. Participants rated thenon‐disclosingcounselor significantly lower in social attractiveness than either disclosing counselor, and less satisfying than theprofessional disclosingcounselor. Analysis of written responses yielded four themes: Made Decision, Sought Information, Expressed Thoughts/Feelings, and No Decision. Practice implications and research recommendations are provided.
Can Mutual Fund Managers Pick Stocks? Evidence from Their Trades Prior to Earnings Announcements
Authors: Baker Malcolm , Litov Lubomir , Wachter Jessica A. , Wurgler Jeffrey 
Published: August 2010

AbstractRecent research finds that the stocks that mutual fund managers buy outperform the stocks that they sell (e.g., Chen, Jegadeesh, and Wermers (2000)). We study the nature of this stock-picking ability. We construct measures of trading skill based on how the stocks held and traded by fund managers perform at subsequent corporate earnings announcements. This approach increases the power to detect skilled trading and sheds light on its source. We find that the average fund’s recent buys significantly outperform its recent sells around the next earnings announcement, and that this accounts for a disproportionate fraction of the total abnormal returns to fund trades estimated in prior work. We find that mutual fund trades also forecast earnings surprises. We conclude that mutual fund managers are able to trade profitably in part because they are able to forecast earnings-related fundamentals.
Should we pass the buck?
Authors: Dancy Jonathan 
Published: August 2010

My topic is the relation between the right and the good. I introduce it by relating some aspects of the debate between various British intuitionists in the first half of the present century.In Principia Ethica (1903) G. E. Moore claimed that to be right is to be productive of the greatest good. He wrote ‘This use of “right”, as denoting what is good as a means, whether or not it be also good as an end, is indeed the use to which I shall confine the word’ (p. 18). By the time he wrote his Ethics (1912, e.g. p. 6) he seems to have weakened his position, and offers conduciveness to the good not as a definition of ‘right’ but as an account of the one and only property that makes acts right. Even if it be the only right-making property, conduciveness to the good will not be identical with the right-ness that it makes.
Acute exercise protects against calcium-induced cardiac mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in doxorubicin-treated rats
Authors: Ascensão António , Lumini-Oliveira José , Machado Nuno G. , Ferreira Rita M. , Gonçalves Inês O. , Moreira Ana C. , Marques Franklin , Sardão Vilma A. , Oliveira Paulo J. , Magalhães José 
Published: August 2010

The use of DOX (doxorubicin), an antibiotic used in oncological treatments, is limited by a dose-related cardiotoxicity against which acute exercise is protective. However, the mitochondrial-related mechanisms of this protection remain unknown. Therefore the present study aimed to determine the effects of an acute endurance exercise bout performed 24 h before DOX treatment on heart and liver mitochondrial function. A total of 20 adult male Wistar rats were divided into groups as follows: non-exercised with saline (NE+SAL), non-exercised DOX-treated (NE+DOX), exercised with saline (EX+SAL) and exercised DOX-treated (EX+DOX). The animals performed a 60 min exercise bout on a treadmill or remained sedentary 24 h before receiving either a DOX bolus (20 mg/kg of body weight) or saline. Heart and liver mitochondrial function [oxygen consumption, membrane potential (ΔΨ) and cyclosporin-A-sensitive calcium-induced MPTP (mitochondrial permeability transition pore) opening] were evaluated. The activities of the respiratory complex, Mn-SOD (superoxide dismutase), caspases 3 and 9, as well as the levels of ANT (adenine nucleotide translocase), VDAC (voltage-dependent anion channel), CypD (cyclophilin D), Bax and Bcl-2, were measured. Acute exercise prevented the decreased cardiac mitochondrial function (state 3, phosphorylative lag-phase; maximal ΔΨ generated both with complex I- and II-linked substrates and calcium-induced MPTP opening) induced by DOX treatment. Exercise also prevented the DOX-induced decreased activity of cardiac mitochondrial chain complexes I and V, and increased caspase 3 and 9 activities. DOX administration and exercise caused increased cardiac mitochondrial SOD activity. Exercise ameliorated liver mitochondrial complex activities. No alterations were observed in the measured MPTP and apoptosis-related proteins in heart and liver mitochondria. The results demonstrate that acute exercise protects against cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, preserving mitochondrial phosphorylation capacity and attenuating DOX-induced decreased tolerance to MPTP opening.
Tongue Pressure and Submental Surface Electromyography Measures During Noneffortful and Effortful Saliva Swallows in Healthy Women
Authors: Yeates Erin M. , Steele Catriona M. , Pelletier Cathy A. 
Published: August 2010

Purpose
The effortful swallow, a compensatory technique frequently employed by speech-language pathologists for their patients with dysphagia, is still not fully understood in terms of how it modifies the swallow. In particular, although age-related changes are known to reduce maximum isometric tongue pressure, it is not known whether age affects people’s ability to perform the effortful swallow. In this study, differences were explored between younger and older healthy women in execution of the effortful swallowing maneuver through a comparative analysis of effortful and noneffortful swallows.

Method
Eighty healthy women (40 age 18–35 years and 40 age 60 and older) participated. Peak amplitude measures and the timing of signal onset to peak were measured using concurrent tongue pressure and submental surface electromyography.

Result
Statistically significant main effects of age group were not observed in the amplitude data, but older participants showed slower rise times to peak anterior tongue-palate pressure.

Conclusions
Despite the general age-related deterioration of the swallowing musculature due to the phenomenon of sarcopenia, older women can still produce noneffortful and effortful swallows with lingual pressure and submental surface electromyography amplitudes similar to younger women.
Measurement Properties and Classification Accuracy of Two Spanish Parent Surveys of Language Development for Preschool-Age Children
Authors: Guiberson Mark , Rodríguez Barbara L. 
Published: August 2010

PurposeTo describe the concurrent validity and classification accuracy of 2 Spanish parent surveys of language development, the Spanish Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ; Squires, Potter, & Bricker, 1999) and the Pilot Inventario–III (Pilot INV–III; Guiberson, 2008a).MethodForty-eight Spanish-speaking parents of preschool-age children participated. Twenty-two children had expressive language delays, and 26 had typical language development. The parents completed the Spanish ASQ and the Pilot INV–III at home, and the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition: Spanish Edition (PLS–4 Spanish; Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2002) was administered to the children at preschool centers.ResultsThe Spanish ASQ and Pilot INV–III were significantly correlated with the PLS–4 Spanish, establishing concurrent validity. On both surveys, children with expressive language delays scored significantly lower than children with typical development. The Spanish ASQ demonstrated unacceptably low sensitivity (59%) and good specificity (92%), while the Pilot INV–III demonstrated fair sensitivity (82%) and specificity (81%). Likelihood ratios and posttest probability revealed that the Pilot INV–III may assist in detection of expressive language delays, but viewed alone it is insufficient to make an unconditional screening determination.ConclusionsResults suggest that Spanish parent surveys hold promise for screening language delay in Spanish-speaking preschool children; however, further refinement of these tools is needed.
Elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dyssynchrony
Authors: Yan Guo‐Hui , Wang Mei , Yue Wen‐Sheng , Yiu Kai‐Hang , Siu Chung‐Wah , Lee Stephen W.L. , Lau Chu‐Pak , Tse Hung‐Fat 
Published: August 2010

AimsWe sought to determine whether inter‐ or intra‐ventricular systolic dyssynchrony contributes to the occurrence of elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods and resultsOne hundred and fifty‐three consecutive CAD patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF >40%) were enrolled. Detailed echocardiography was performed to measure PASP, inter‐ventricular dyssynchrony (Ts‐RL: time difference between lateral and right free wall), and intra‐ventricular dyssynchrony (Ts‐SD, standard deviation of time to peak systolic velocity of 12 LV segments; Ts‐12, maximal difference in Ts between any 2 of 12 LV segments; Ts‐6‐basal, maximal difference in Ts between any 2 of 6 basal LV segments). Elevated PASP (>35 mmHg) was confirmed in 46 patients who had significantly prolonged intra‐ventricular dyssynchrony (Ts‐SD: 49.9 ± 19.6 vs.37.9 ± 19.8 ms; Ts‐12: 147.9 ± 56.4 vs.110.9 ± 53.9 ms; Ts‐6‐basal: 114.2 ± 51.9 vs. 85.7 ± 48.5 ms, all P < 0.01) and inter‐ventricular dyssynchrony (Ts‐RL: 78.7 ± 46.4 vs. 62.7 ± 34.3 ms, P = 0.019) compared with those without elevated PASP. Indexes of intra‐ and inter‐ventricular dyssynchrony and LV filling pressure (E/e′) were significantly correlated with PASP. Multivariate analysis showed that left atrial dimension [odds ratio (OR) 4.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–10.90], E/e′ septal (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04–1.27), pulmonary vascular resistance (OR 5.38, 95% CI 1.55–18.74), and Ts‐RL (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03) were independent predictors for the occurrence of elevated PASP (all P < 0.05).ConclusionElevated PASP is common in CAD patients with preserved LVEF and is associated with LV diastolic dysfunction and LV mechanical dyssynchrony.
Technical and economic efficiency analysis of the Portuguese artisanal dredge fleet
Authors: Oliveira Manuela M. , Camanho Ana S. , Gaspar Miguel B. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractOliveira, M. M., Camanho, A. S., and Gaspar, M. B. 2010. Technical and economic efficiency analysis of the Portuguese artisanal dredge fleet. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1811–1821. An efficiency analysis of the commercial dredge fleet operating along the south coast of Portugal between 2005 and 2007 sought to determine the efficiency of the vessels using data envelopment analysis models, considering fixed inputs (vessel power, length, tonnage, and an indicator of stock biomass) and a variable input (number of days at sea). The annual quota per vessel was also included in the model as a contextual factor. In the technical-efficiency (TE) analysis, outputs were defined by the catch weight for each of the three target species (bivalves). Using price data for each species in the wholesale market, revenue efficiency was also estimated to complement the TE analysis. The advantage of the approach lies in the ability to separate technical aspects from allocative aspects in the efficiency assessment, allowing two-dimensional graphic representation of vessel performance. The procedure allows the identification of benchmark vessels, which maximized the catch weight of the species landed, given their inputs, as well as the vessels that selected the appropriate target species to maximize the revenue of the fishing activity, given output prices. The approach also allowed the specification of targets for inefficient vessels that correspond to the catch by species, permitting revenue maximization from fishing.
Quick and Easy Fixation of Plant Tissues for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Authors: Schwab Birgit , Hülskamp Martin 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONStandard fixation of samples for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) relies on toxic substances such as formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and osmium tetroxide, and can take many hours to several days. This protocol describes an alternative fixation method with methanol, which is much less dangerous and very rapid. The results of this quick method are often as good as material fixed with osmium tetroxide.
Protein Complex Binding to Promoter DNA: Immobilized Template Assay
Authors: Carey Michael F. , Peterson Craig L. , Smale Stephen T. 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONLarge multiprotein complexes involved in transcription generally cannot be resolved by the methods conventionally used to study cooperative DNA binding by smaller proteins. The immobilized template recruitment assay can be used to circumvent this limitation. In this procedure, a biotinylated DNA fragment is immobilized on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. DNA-binding proteins are incubated with the immobilized template, and proteins not specifically assembled in a complex are removed by separating the immobilized template with a magnetic particle concentrator and subsequent washing of the magnetic bead/template pellet. Bound proteins are detected by immunoblotting. To detect cooperative binding, subsaturating amounts of two or more proteins or protein complexes are added to the immobilized template. Template binding of a protein in concert with its cooperative binding partner is then compared to the binding of each individual protein or protein complex alone. In addition to studying the binding of protein complexes, the immobilized promoter template can also be used in functional assays such as in vitro transcription, allowing a correlation of complex assembly with function.
Activity Paradigm to Induce Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junction Growth
Authors: Ramachandran Preethi , Budnik Vivian 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONThis article describes a method for spaced stimulation of Drosophila motor neurons. The neurons can be stimulated for short periods of time (~2 h) and then fixed (or imaged live). The method allows one to examine the immediate effects of altering activity on synaptic protein localization as well as neuromuscular junction structure and function.
Electron Microscopy of Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junctions
Authors: Ramachandran Preethi , Budnik Vivian 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONOver the last two decades, the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction has gained immense popularity as a model system for the study of synaptic development, function, and plasticity. With this model, it is easy to visualize synapses and manipulate the system genetically with a high degree of temporal and spatial control, which makes it ideal for resolving problems in synaptic physiology and development. This article describes the preparation of Drosophila larval body-wall muscles for imaging by electron microscopy. The samples are fixed, stained, and embedded in Spurr’s resin before being sectioned for electron microscopy.
Potassium Permanganate Probing of Pol II Open Complexes
Authors: Carey Michael F. , Peterson Craig L. , Smale Stephen T. 
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTIONOne measure of an activator’s ability to stimulate preinitiation complex assembly is stimulation of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) open complex. The reagent most commonly used to visualize open complexes is potassium permanganate (KMnO4). KMnO4 modifies thymine residues in single-stranded DNA but not in double-stranded DNA. The modified thymines are detected by primer extension via linear polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the PCR, Taq polymerase stalls at the modified thymines on the template. Reactions are performed at 30°C and contain DNA template (typically, 10-50 ng present on a 4- to 5-kbp plasmid), nuclear extract, activator, and nonspecific carrier DNA. DNA melting by Pol II in vitro is energy dependent, so ATP is added to the reaction mix. After a brief 30-min incubation to permit assembly of the preinitiation complex, permanganate is added and the DNA is modified for a period of 1 min or more. The DNA is then purified and subjected to primer extension analysis; the products are fractionated as a series of bands on polyacrylamide/urea sequencing gels. Reactions with and without activator are compared, as are reactions with and without ATP. Titrations of the DNA template and activator and a time course are recommended.
Epicutaneous immunotherapy on intact skin using a new delivery system in a murine model of allergy
Authors: Mondoulet L. , Dioszeghy V. , Ligouis M. , Dhelft V. , Dupont C. , Benhamou P.‐H. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryBackground
Allergen‐specific immunotherapy, subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) or oral, has been used for almost a century to redirect inappropriate immune responses in atopic patients. A new mode of administration through the intact skin [epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT)], using an original epicutaneous delivery system, may represent an alternative to these classical methods.Objective
Proof of concept of efficacy of EPIT on intact skin in mice sensitized to aeroallergens or food allergens.Methods
Mice were sensitized to pollen (n=18), house dust mite (HDM, n=24), ovalbumin (OVA, n=18) or peanut (n=18), and allocated to four groups: EPIT, SCIT, not treated (NT) and control. Specific Ig (sIg)E, sIgG1 and sIgG2a were monitored. After 8 weeks of treatment, plethysmography was performed after aerosol provocation with appropriate allergens.Results
At the highest doses of methacholine, pause enhancement (Penh) values were significantly decreased in the EPIT group vs. the sensitized NT groups (7.5 vs. 12.3 – pollen, 7.6 vs. 8.9 – HDM, 11.5 vs. 14.5 – OVA, 7.6 vs. 12.8 – peanut, respectively) (P<0.05). With all the allergens tested, Penh values were similar in SCIT, EPIT and control. IgG2a for pollen, HDM, OVA and peanuts were significantly increased in the EPIT group vs. NT: 0.97 vs. 0.42 μg/mL, 2.5 vs. 0.46 μg/mL, 0.39 vs. 0.05 μg/mL and 15.0 vs. 5.5 μg/mL, respectively (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between EPIT and SCIT groups. The IgE/IgG2a ratio decreased significantly in the EPIT group for the four allergens from 70 to 58 (pollen), 175 to 26 (HDM), 5433 to 120 (OVA) and 49 to 6 (peanut), respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion
In mice sensitized to the four allergens tested, EPIT was as efficacious as SCIT, considered as the reference immunotherapy. These first results have to be confirmed by clinical studies. Cite this as: L. Mondoulet, V. Dioszeghy, M. Ligouis, V. Dhelft, C. Dupont and P.‐H. Benhamou, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 659–667.
SP‐D and regulation of the pulmonary innate immune system in allergic airway changes
Authors: Forbes L. R. , Haczku A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe airway mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to inhaled particles that can be potentially toxic, infectious or allergenic and should elicit inflammatory changes. The proximal and distal air spaces, however, are normally infection and inflammation free due to a specialized interplay between cellular and molecular components of the pulmonary innate immune system. Surfactant protein D (SP‐D) is an epithelial‐cell‐derived immune modulator that belongs to the small family of structurally related Ca2+‐dependent C‐type collagen‐like lectins. While collectins can be detected in mucosal surfaces of various organs, SP‐A and SP‐D (the ‘lung collectins’) are constitutively expressed in the lung at high concentrations. Both proteins are considered important players of the pulmonary immune responses. Under normal conditions however, SP‐A‐/‐ mice display no pathological features in the lung. SP‐D‐/‐ mice, on the other hand, show chronic inflammatory alterations indicating a special importance of this molecule in regulating immune homeostasis and the function of the innate immune cells. Recent studies in our laboratory and others implied significant associations between changes in SP‐D levels and the presence of airway inflammation both in animal models and patients raising a potential usefulness of this molecule as a disease biomarker. Research on wild‐type and mutant recombinant molecules in vivo and in vitro showed that SP‐D binds carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids with a broad spectrum specificity and initiates phagocytosis of inhaled pathogens as well as apoptotic cells. Investigations on gene‐deficient and conditional over expressor mice in addition, provided evidence that SP‐D directly modulates macrophage and dendritic cell function as well as T cell‐dependent inflammatory events. Thus, SP‐D has a unique, dual functional capacity to induce pathogen elimination on the one hand and control of pro‐inflammatory mechanisms on the other, suggesting a potential suitability for therapeutic prevention and treatment of chronic airway inflammation without compromising the host defence function of the airways. This paper will review recent findings on the mechanisms of immune‐protective function of SP‐D in the lung. Cite this as: L. R. Forbes and A. Haczku, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 547–562.
Measurement and simulation of anion diffusion in natural soil aggregates and clods
Authors: ADDISCOTT T. M. , THOMAS V. H. , JANJUA M. A. 
Published: August 2010

SummaryThe diffusion of indigenous nitrate from small (<5 mm) aggregates of a clay‐loam soil, and added bromide from larger (30–70 mm) clods of a sandy clay, were studied under saturated conditions. The time (t0.5) taken for half the diffusional solute loss to occur from the small aggregates was well related to the square of the aggregate radius (a2). The impedance factor (fi) of 0.54 calculated from the t0.5 v. a2 relationship gave satisfactory results in simulations of the measured Mt/M∞. v. time curves. t0.5 was also well related to a2 for the clods, but the ft values calculated from it were not only very large (>0.9) but also decreased with increasing clod size, possibly because of anion exclusion effects.The model simulated bromide diffusion from chalk cubes of mixed sizes better when computations were made for each size than when a single volume‐averaged size was taken.