bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Orality in Turkish Classical Music: A Genealogy of Contemporary Musical Assemblages
Authors: Poulos Panagiotis 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThis article examines the tensions surrounding the status of the Ottoman musical heritage in the context of Turkey's modernizing program, through the study of the transformation of the oral transmission process of music, from the late Ottoman through the Republican period. Employing the concept of mediation, this study aims to underline the complexities of the contemporary creative process in Turkish classical music, as a means of challenging simplistic readings of the relation between Turkish modernity and music, based on binary oppositions such as orality-literacy. Instead, this article situates this process in the 'in-between' spaces produced by Turkish modernity, tracing the continuities of the Ottoman musical tradition within Republican Turkey.
New dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) taxa from arid south-western Africa
Authors: Deschodt Christian , Davis Adrian , Scholtz Clarke 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper we describe new dung beetle taxa (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) and discuss others previously described from arid south-western Africa. Descriptions are provided for a new monotypic genus (Versicorpus Deschodt, Davis and Scholtz gen.n.) and three new species, Versicorpus erongoensis Deschodt, Davis and Scholtz sp.n., Namakwanus endroedyi Deschodt, Davis and Scholtz, sp.n., and Scarabaeus (Kheper) kalaharicus Davis, Deschodt and Scholtz, sp.n. The type material of Scarabaeus (Scarabaeus) hottentorum Péringuey is examined and spelling errors on the labels are discussed. Inconsistencies between the published type locality, type locality labels, and the known geographical range are also discussed. The recently described Kheper namibicus Krajcik 2006 is synonymised with Scarabaeus (Kheper) cupreus (Castelnau 1840). Distribution records are provided for the new species described here while some closely related species are discussed.
Venereal Disease, Prostitution, and the Control of Sexuality in World War II Vienna
Authors: Czech Herwig 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Nazi drive for racial order led to the implementation of an authoritarian public health system which systematically subordinated the rights of the individual to the preventive protection of the Volksgemeinschaft. This article focuses on the example of Vienna in order to address the history of venereal disease control, public health politics towards prostitution and medical persecution of socially undesirable behavior under the influence of the biopolitical agenda of the Nazi regime. Combining sexual and racist motives, VD provided the regime with powerful images evoking a threat to the “purity” of the community. On one hand, forced laborers were subjected to a strict segregation from the local population because they personified the threat of infectious transgression. On the other hand, the concern with VD infections led to the stigmatization of women as sexually promiscuous and “antisocial.” At the same time, the authorities undertook the systematic reorganization of extramarital sex in the city. The network of brothels set up for this purpose not only served to minimize the dangers of VD; they channelled uncontrolled sexual activities by providing men with outlets for their sexual needs and by subjugating prostitution to the control of the authorities. This indicates that the whole realm of illicit sex was subjected to the principles of economic rationality, hygiene, discipline and visibility, thereby adding the brothel to the classic set of disciplinary institutions.
Degeneration, Darwinism and the Development of Eugenics in Bulgaria (1890–1929)
Authors: Promitzer Christian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe article treats the historical appearance of eugenic thinking in Bulgaria within debates on the notion of degeneration and on Darwinism since the early 1890s. Due to the marginal role of industry and urbanity in a widely rural country, such eugenic ideas initially only attracted a minority among Bulgarian intellectuals who followed similar debates in Russia. In the wake of Bulgaria's defeat in the First World War the focus of eugenic thinking shifted from the left to the right wing of the political specter with German racial hygiene as a new landmark. The article ends with the Bulgarian health legislation of 1929 which introduced voluntary prenuptial health certification.
Fighting Social Pathology: Criminology and Eugenics in Bulgaria, 1896–1939
Authors: Mircheva Gergana 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe article examines the measures for combating forms of social pathology, such as criminal behavior and medicalized moral disorders, which were debated in Bulgaria from the end of 19th century onwards. Hence, the regime of mental incapacity under Bulgarian criminal law and the professional discussions on the nature of crime and abnormality are explored. The analysis focuses on the influence of criminological concepts on Bulgarian psychiatric and legal discourses, as well as on their links to interwar eugenic projects. The engagement of Bulgarian intellectuals with criminological and eugenic policies is studied within a general process of adoption and adaptation of Western biopolitical models. The article addresses the conceptual specifics of the Bulgarian debates on social and mental pathology and their practical relevance.
Eugenics and Lysenkoism in Interwar and Postwar Polish Biology
Authors: Lambert William de Jong 
Published: August 2011

Abstractis article shows the impact of the interwar eugenics movement in Central Europe upon Polish biologists to postwar Lysenkoism by analyzing the actions of Polish geneticist Stanisław Skowron. Skowron was both a supporter of eugenics and Lysenkoism; while the former attitude seems to have been sincere, it is likely that Skowron's advocacy of the Lysenko theory was motivated by his concerns for political repression, and infl uenced by his experiences in Nazi concentration camps during the Second World War.
A Comparative Analysis on the Socio-economic Welfare of Dependents of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR) in India
Authors: Surendran A. , Sekar C. 
Published: August 2011

Biodiversity is a valuable and yet poorly understood natural resource, depleting rapidly through human interventions. The economic value of biodiversity in a forest ecosystem includes its direct-use value and indirect-use value for the ecological regulatory services it provides. The Western Ghats is one of the world’s 25 biodiversity hotspots and forest ecosystem that are protected as the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR). This study was undertaken with the objective of asserting the consumptive and passive use values of the ATR as well as to examine the people’s attitudes towards consumption and sustainable use of natural resources and forest biodiversity. To estimate the direct-use value, the sample respondents, namely, agriculture and forest dependents within the fringe areas and tourist dependents in urban areas, were selected. Education and income were positively related to per capita consumption expenditure and were highly significant. Family size and landholdings had negative influences on both agriculture and forest dependents and tourist dependents. It was concluded that the development of ecotourism will reduce forest dependents and enhance their income through tourism-related occupations by creating more employment and other related income-generating activities besides protecting the valuable natural resources through optimal and sustainable use.
Compatibility of Vegetable Oil Based Lubricating Greases With Different Mineral Oil Based Greases
Authors: Kumar Anoop , Humphreys Steve , Mallory Bill 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Applications of lubricants and greases based on vegetable or animal sources route back to horary past. Until the beginning of the 19th Century, lubricants were reported to be primarily based on beef tallow and vegetable oils. However, advances in petroleum derived mineral oils led to the replacement of these greases with mineral oil based lubricants. The reasons for their dominance may basically be attributed to high performance compared to vegetable oil based lubricants and greases and also their cheaper cost. Environmental consciousness and the speeding race for green lubricants has once again revived vegetable oil based lubricants. Compatibility of greases is an important property of greases that plays a crucial role in some applications like centralized lube system. As the base oil composition of mineral/synthetic oils is significantly different than vegetable oils, it might considerably influence the compatibility of the greases. In view of this, compatibility studies of vegetable oil based greases with mineral oil based greases have been carried out. The vegetable oil based greases formulated with lithium complex, lithium–calcium, and aluminum complex thickeners have been studied to determine the compatibility with non-vegetable oil based greases having lithium, lithium complex, aluminum complex, polyurea, calcium sulfonate thickeners, etc. However, the various greases covered in this paper are just base greases and do not contain any performance additives considering the fact that additives may significantly influence the compatibility of finished grease with other greases under investigation. It is interesting to note that the vegetable oil based greases evaluated so far have either been found incompatible or just borderline compatible.
The double-arch modified type-1b external skeletal fixator
Authors: Nikolaou C. , Farrell M. , Perry K. , Girling S. , Smith T. J. , Yeadon R. , Fitzpatrick N. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryObjectives: To describe acute correction of antebrachial angular and rotational limb deformities (ARLD) using a new external skeletal fixator (ESF).Methods: Dogs that were presented with lameness caused by ARLD were treated by radial and ulnar osteotomies and acute realignment. A modified type-1b ESF incorporating double arches (DA-ESF) and a novel connecting configuration facilitated alignment with six degrees of freedom. Bilateral deformities were corrected surgically in the same session. Aseptic preparation of both antebrachii allowed comparison of limb alignment. Radiographic evaluation was performed using centre of rotation of angulation (CORA) methodology.Results: Thirty-five antebrachii (22 dogs) underwent surgery. Postoperative limb function was graded as good (n = 31), fair (n = 2), or poor (n = 2). Persistent medial carpal instability was associated with a suboptimal outcome. Postoperative radiographic images of the frontal and sagittal plane joint angles and elbow-to-carpus translation were compared with values that were reported in previous studies, and were within published reference ranges in most cases. Complications included delayed radial osteotomy union (n = 5), delayed ulnar osteotomy union (n = 2) and implant-associated morbidity (n = 3).Clinical relevance: A practical technique for acute correction of complex antebrachial ARLD is suggested, incorporating a new configuration of ESF. Putative limitations of radio-graphic planning using CORA may be compensated by careful attention to intra-operative visual and palpatory assessment.
Skin movement during the kinematic analysis of the canine pelvic limb
Authors: Kim S. Y. , Kim J. Y. , Hayashi K. , Kapatkin A. S. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryObjectives: To determine whether the canine pelvic limb can be considered a linkage of rigid bodies during kinematic analysis.Methods: The lengths of the femur and tibia based on skin markers were examined throughout gait cycles in six dogs trotting on a treadmill at 2 m/sec. The angular kinematics of the hip, stifle and tarsal joints were calculated based on a conventional stifle marker (CSM) and computed virtual stifle positions (VSP). Based on the CSM and VSP, the kinematic data from the joints were compared and the agreement among them determined. The difference between the CSM and VSP coordinates were illustrated.Result: The femoral and tibial lengths based on skin markers were not constant throughout a gait cycle and the lengths changed in repeatable patterns in each dog. There was close agreement between the joint angles based on the CSM and VSP in the tarsal joint but not in the hip and stifle joints, where the kinematics based on the CSM tended to calculate smaller angular excursion than the kinematics based on VSP. The pattern of displacement of the CSM was repeatable through a gait cycle.Clinical relevance: There was skin movement which causes considerable artifact during kinematic analysis of the canine pelvic limb. The skin movement has to be accounted for during canine kinematic analysis.The current study was presented at Veterinary Orthopedic Society Conference, Steamboat Springs, CO, USA, February 28 - March 7, 2009.
Cavitation Corrosion Behavior of Anodized Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Yong X. , Hou C. , Wu J. , Zhang Z. , Li D. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
The cavitation corrosion behavior and surface morphology of anodized aluminum alloy in 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution were investigated using weight loss and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical corrosion mechanism during cavitation corrosion was studied using electrochemical polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The cavitation corrosion process could be divided into three stages: quick removal of the porous outer layer, slowly fragmenting and removing of the dense inner layer, and fast erosion of the aluminum alloy. Increasing the thickness of the anodized layer improved the cavitation corrosion resistance of the anodized aluminum alloy. Electrochemical corrosion processes under cavitation conditions were controlled by mixed cathodic and anodic processes. EIS spectra of anodized aluminum alloy under cavitation conditions resembled those from porous electrodes. Cavitation accelerated the electrochemical corrosion. Cavitation corrosion of anodized aluminum alloy showed strong synergism between mechanical and electrochemical corrosion factors.
Multiple receptor-mediated functions of activated protein C
Authors: Weiler H. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe central effector protease of the protein C pathway, activated protein C (APC), interacts with the endothelial cell protein C receptor, with protease activated receptors (PAR), the apolipoprotein E2 receptor, and integrins to exert multiple effects on haemostasis and immune cell function. Such receptor interactions modify the activation of PC and determine the biological response to endogenous and therapeutically administered APC. This review summarizes the current knowledge about interactions of APC with cell surface-associated receptors, novel substrates such as histones and tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and their implications for the biologic function of APC in the control of coagulation and inflammation.
Nonstick, Modulus‐Tunable and Gas‐Permeable Replicas for Mold‐Based, High‐Resolution Nanolithography
Authors: Lee Bong Kuk , Cho Hyunmin , Chung Bong Hyun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA fundamental approach to fabricating a nonstick replica mold with high performance for the manufacturing of high‐resolution nanostructures using mold‐based lithography is presented. Low‐viscosity liquid blends consisting of methacrylate multi‐functionalized silsesquioxane (SSQMA), difunctional acrylics, and a small amount of silicone diacrylate (Si‐DA) with low surface tension were used as nonstick replica‐mold materials. The cured SSQMA/acrylic/Si‐DA networks showed a high resistance to organic solvents (<1.2 wt.%), high UV transparency (>90% at 365 nm), hydrophobicity (water contact angle >90°), high modulus and wide‐range modulus tunability (0.6–4.42 GPa) and small shrinkage (<3% in height). The mold materials with a nonstick property conferred by Si‐DA possessed the ability to form sub‐25‐nm features with a high line‐to‐space ratio (1:1) and a high aspect ratio (4:1). In addition, a sufficiently cured replica mold with a low concentration of residual, uncross‐linked (meth)acrylates was able to successfully replicate sub‐25‐nm features with a high line‐to‐space ratio (1:1) and a high aspect ratio (4:1), even if the release agent was not modified. Furthermore, replica molds can potentially be used to fabricate patterns free of bubble defects because of sufficient gas permeability.
Viscoelastic properties of nanosilica‐filled polypropylene in the molten state: Effect of particle size
Authors: Haghtalab Ali , Marzban Reza 
Published: August 2011

AbstractComposites of polypropylene (PP) with nontreated nanosilica at different particle sizes are prepared, and their viscoelastic properties are studied by dynamic strain‐ and frequency‐sweep experiments. It is clear that incorporation of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix due to the huge specific surface area enhances both moduli so that the storage modulus is intensified more than loss modulus. The specific surface area of a particles increases as a particle size decreases, leading to a stronger tendency to form reinforcing structures. In nanocomposites of smaller particles due to existence of a larger contact area between particles, more and stronger filler clusters are formed. Thus, a stronger filler‐‐filler network is formed by decreasing the particle size so that both storage and loss moduli present higher values. The slope of dynamic moduli as a function of frequency decreases with filler loading augmentation in a low‐frequency region, and this solid‐like behavior becomes more significant with particle size reduction. The PP composites in high filler loadings exhibit a yield stress, and weight fraction corresponds to the onset of this well‐defined yield stress and is lower in the case of smaller filler particles. In addition, the polymer chains adsorption on the particles and/or clusters surface and formation of filler‐‐polymer network increases with filler loading augmentation. The influence of these two reinforcing mechanisms leads to a gradual enhancement of the Payne effect and the solid‐like behavior in strain‐ and frequency‐sweep experiments, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 30: 203–218, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20217
Modeling the ultrasonic cavitation‐enhanced removal of nitrogen oxide in a bubble column reactor
Authors: Adewuyi Yusuf G. , Khan Nymul E. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA model study of the sonochemical removal of nitric oxide (NO) in a bubble column reactor is presented. The detailed model is developed to investigate the actual cavitation phenomena taking place during the absorption of NO. The expansion and subsequent collapse of cavitation bubble according to the theory of cavity collapse—initially developed by Lord Rayleigh and then improved on by coupling the energy balance equation of the bubble and the chemical reactions taking place inside the cavity to calculate the composition of different species formed during the collapse—are modeled. The model takes into consideration (1) cavitation bubble dynamics, (2) generation and transfer of oxidizing species from bubble collapse through reaction kinetics, (3) transfer of NO from gas to liquid, and (4) chemical reactions of oxidizing species with dissolved NO. The results of the simulations surprisingly indicate that the chemistry induced by ultrasonic cavitation cannot explain the absorption of NO beyond about 30% of the inlet concentration if the mass transfer is assumed to be the same as that in the bubble column without ultrasound. When experimental values of mass‐transfer coefficients, calculated in the studies by other researchers (which are in the range of about five times the physical mass‐transfer coefficient in a bubble column), are used, absorption up to 80% are calculated in the simulations consistent with experimental results obtained from the sonochemical bubble column reactor. The present model provides a framework on which more robust and rigorous models can be developed for the complex gas‐liquid sonochemical systems and reactors. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2397–2411, 2012
A synthesis method for multicomponent distillation sequences with fewer columns
Authors: Shenvi Anirudh A. , Shah Vishesh H. , Zeller Jeremy A. , Agrawal Rakesh 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAn easy‐to‐use matrix‐based method for the systematic synthesis of distillation configurations using less than n‐1 columns to separate any zeotropic n‐component feed into n product streams is described. The method is easily extended to obtain additional thermally coupled configurations. The only information needed to generate the configurations is the number of components in the feed, or equivalently, the number of distinct composition final product streams. We have successfully enumerated configurations for feeds containing up to eight components. This has resulted in a large number of hitherto unknown configurations even for four‐component separations. Some of the novel configurations generated using the method have substantially lower heat duty than the previously known fewer column configurations for a four‐component feed separation. Therefore, it is essential to include these novel configurations in the search space to find the optimal distillation configuration with fewer columns for a given application. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2479–2494, 2012
A dynamic analysis of chalcopyrite bioleaching in continuous flow reactor systems
Authors: Kotsiopoulos Athanasios , Hansford Geoffrey S. , Rawatlal Randhir 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA dynamic analysis of chalcopyrite bioleaching was performed in continuous flow systems. In contrast to a previous batch analysis1 in which the influence of particle surface area on reaction rate was not accounted for, the unsteady‐state change in particle surface area was integrated into the dynamic analysis by application of the modified PBM.2 The current study extends the analysis to include the influence of convective flow on the system. It is demonstrated that the analysis can be used to determine feasible control strategies for operating near the steady‐state maximum rate that is stable. Two strategies were evaluated for the purpose of increasing the leaching rates, showing that an increased rate of 56% is feasible. Analysis on experimental data showed that increased rates can be achieved by controlling the biomass concentration and ferric:ferrous ion ratio at an optimum by increasing the solids loading [m/v] in the reactor. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 2428–2440, 2012