bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in food consumption among the Programa Bolsa Família participant families in Brazil
Authors: de Bem Lignani Juliana , Sichieri Rosely , Burlandy Luciene , Salles-Costa Rosana 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse changes and predictors of change in self-reported food intake among Brazilian families that benefitted from conditional cash transfer (CCT) implemented in the Programa Bolsa Família of the Brazilian Federal Government.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingThe study was conducted from September to October 2007 in a nationwide representative household sample of families included in the CCT. Socio-economic variables, perception of food consumption and food insecurity were evaluated via questionnaire, which was completed during face-to-face interviews.SubjectsFive thousand households were selected from the CCT registry.ResultsFamilies reported increased consumption of all food groups analysed, mainly cereals, processed foods, meat, milk and dairy, beans and sugar. The degree of dependence on income from the CCT was positively associated with increased self-reported intake of food items such as sugar and soft drinks. A Poisson regression revealed that the fourth quartile of CCT dependence demonstrated a twofold increase in the self-reported intake of soft drinks (relative risk (RR) = 2·3, 95 % CI 1·8, 2·9) and sugar (RR = 2·5, 95 % CI 2·1, 3·1) compared with the first quartile of CCT dependence.ConclusionsGreater purchasing power of poor families increases unhealthy food choices; thus public policies should emphasise the availability of healthy food.
Ecological characterization of supina bluegrass (Poa supina Schrad.) germplasm from the Italian Alps
Authors: Pecetti L. , Johnson R. C. , Romani M. , Bassignana M. , Della Marianna G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA collection was carried out in the Italian Alps to gather local genetic resources and acquire information on the ecological adaptation of supina bluegrass (Poa supina Schrad.), a cool‐season grass native to the Alpine region in Europe. It has potential for pastures and a growing interest for turfs, owing to excellent traffic, shade and cold tolerance. Available germplasm for research and breeding is scant, and extensive collections are needed to enable further development of adapted materials. Alpine germplasm has already proved valuable for breeding at lower altitude in pioneering selection work carried out in Germany. Extensive exploration throughout different environments, mostly above 1600 m elevation, yielded fifty‐five novel populations. Collections largely occurred in environments exposed to heavy disturbance by livestock, but it was also frequently found on very poor substrates along mountain paths and dirt roads, or around buildings. Some populations were present locally in shaded environments. Preliminary ex‐situ observations indicated likely among‐population variation to occur for important traits of breeding relevance such as disease and drought tolerance. Genetic variation for adaptive traits, although unproven, is hypothesized given the diversified habitats where the species was collected across the Italian Alps.
Factor structure and gender invariance of the Chinese General Self‐Efficacy Scale among soon‐to‐be‐aged adults
Authors: Leung Doris Y.P. , Leung Angela Y.M. 
Published: December 2010

leung d.y.p. & leung a.Y.M. (2010) Factor structure and gender invariance of the Chinese General Self‐Efficacy Scale among soon‐to‐be‐aged adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(6), 1383–1392.AbstractAim.  The aim of the study was to examine the factor structure of the Chinese General Self‐Efficacy Scale and gender invariance in the structure.Background.  The General Self‐Efficacy Scale was developed in 1981 and revised in 1995 to measure people’s beliefs or expectations about their ability to perform tasks on their own across a wide range of demanding/novel situations. While the Chinese version of the General Self‐Efficacy Scale has been examined for adolescents and adults from clinical populations, its psychometric properties for community‐dwelling Chinese soon‐to‐be‐aged adults, who are in a transitional stage from adulthood to later life, have not been tested. Females have consistently reported a lower general self‐efficacy level than males, but it is unclear whether the difference is a result of response bias of the inventory by gender.Method.  A convenience sample of Chinese soon‐to‐be‐aged adults (n = 695) in 28 non‐government organizations in Hong Kong completed the survey from March to May 2005. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the factor structure and multiple‐group confirmatory factor analysis to test the gender invariance of the Chinese version of the General Self‐Efficacy Scale.Results.  The proposed factor structure of the Chinese version of the General Self‐Efficacy Scale was an excellent fit to the overall data, and held equally well for both males and females, both genders demonstrating an equivalent pattern of factor loadings. The Cronbach alpha value was high (0·89).Conclusion.  The Chinese version of the General Self‐Efficacy is a reliable and valid scale and both genders responded to it using the same framework and metric, thus allowing it to be used with confidence in non‐clinical Chinese soon‐to‐be‐aged adult samples.
The Making of a Global Movement: Cycles of Protest and Scales of Action
Authors: Montagna Nicola 
Published: December 2010

This article addresses some of the issues concerning the trans-nationalisation of collective action by focusing on the White Overalls and the Disobedients and their participation in three transnational cycles of protest that took place at different geographical levels – local, macro-regional, and global – between the second half of the 1990s and the early 2000s. The first part briefly discusses some historical, transnational precursors to global collective action and will argue that the Global Justice Movement was a global and original actor with reference to three dimensions of contentious action: the organisational dimension, framing processes and campaigns. The second part focuses on the origins and identity of the White Overalls, while the third describes their analysis of globalization and looks at how the scale of action has shifted. The analysis of these three cycles of protest shows that the global shift has not superseded other scales of action, but rather has been interwoven with them as a consequence of the political cleavages offered by the international context. It is also argued the space for action is only partially global and the global mobility of social movement activists is stratified. Finally it is shown how opponents, institutions and movements have all dynamically contributed to the transformation of the external political environment.
Dead Sea climatotherapy for vitiligo: a retrospective study of 436 patients
Authors: Czarnowicki T. , Harari M. , Ruzicka T. , Ingber A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground  Vitiligo is an acquired idiopathic skin disorder characterized by depigmented macules and patches. Despite many therapies available today, treatment of vitiligo remains a challenge. Preliminary reports cite encouraging results for Dead Sea Climatotherapy (DSC) in vitiligo patients.Objective  To evaluate the efficacy of DSC in 436 patients suffering from vitiligo.Methods  Files of 436 vitiligo patients, who were treated by DSC between the years 1997 and 2005 at the Deutsches Medizinisches Zentrum (DMZ) Medical Center, were retrieved for analysis. Climatotherapy, including gradually increased sun exposure following a sea bath, was administered in accordance with a computer‐designed protocol.Age at vitiligo onset, skin phototype, skin involvement, duration of disease, as well as timing and duration of DSC were recorded. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of each one of the parameters analysed on the treatment’s success.Results  Following treatment, 3.9% of patients demonstrated total or significant repigmentation (defined by more than 50% repigmentation in more than 50% of the lesions); 81.4% showed good repigmentation; 13.1% showed no repigmentation but their vitiligo spots were pink‐colored and 1.6% appeared not to be affected at all by DSC.Patient response to the treatment was inversely proportional to the size of the affected area. A negative correlation was found between duration of the vitiligo and the clinical short‐term response to DSC. In addition, the longer the stay at the Dead Sea the better was the result.Conclusion  Climatotherapy at the Dead Sea is an effective treatment modality for vitiligo. Disease duration and severity, as well as length of treatment, were the main factors found to favourably influence the clinical response.
Liposomal amphotericin B treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania tropica
Authors: Solomon M. , Pavlotsky F. , Leshem E. , Ephros M. , Trau H. , Schwartz E. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBackground  Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in Israel, and in the past, has been attributed almost exclusively to Leishmania major. Over the last decade or so, an increase in Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) infections has occurred in several regions of Israel. Topical treatment of Old World CL is usually the rule, however, in some cases systemic treatment is indicated. Liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AmB) is efficacious and safe for treating visceral leishmaniasis but its role in treating various forms of CL is yet to be defined. In this study, we summarize the efficacy and safety of L‐AmB treatment in a series of Israeli patients with L. tropica infection.Methods  Cases of PCR‐proven CL caused by L. tropica were treated in an outpatient setting. Treatment schedule consisted of five consecutive days of 3 mg/kg L‐AmB, followed by a sixth dose on day 10.Results  Thirteen consecutive patients (11 men, two women), received L‐AmB. Mean age was 15.3 years; of the 13 patients, 85% had facial lesions. Six had previously failed intralesional sodium stibogluconate treatment and four had failed topical paromomycin treatment. Eleven of 13 patients (84%) achieved complete clinical cure within 2 months. Mean follow‐up of 11 months revealed no relapses. Side effects were mild and none terminated treatment prematurely.Limitations  A non‐randomized study, with a small number of patients.Conclusion  Liposomal amphotericin B treatment for L. tropica is effective, well tolerated and cost beneficial in countries where cost of hospital‐care is significant.
What does vulnerability mean?
Authors: Parley Fiona F 
Published: December 2010

Accessible summary
Many people want to make sure that all people with intellectual disability are safe from harm.
This report shows that some staff find it hard to say why they feel people with intellectual disabilities need to be protected.
Sometimes care staff feel they can stop people with intellectual disabilities doing the things they want to because the staff are frightened those people may be harmed or hurt.
SummaryProtection of those deemed vulnerable has received increasing attention since 2000. This article reports on care staff views of vulnerability using original data from a research study (Parley. Vulnerability and abuse: an exploration of views of care staff working with people who have learning disabilities, PhD Thesis, 2007) in which care staff views relating to vulnerability and abuse of adults with learning disability were explored. Using semi‐structured interview informants perspectives were explored. The results revealed that most informants felt that people with learning disabilities are all vulnerable and that this definition allows staff the authority to take protective measures to ensure their safety. This desire to introduce protective measures however may result in people with learning disabilities being denied the right to self‐determination, thereby limiting their enjoyment of some life experiences and lessening the excitement of life that others take for granted.
Case Report: an unusual case of post‐stroke psychosis in a 71‐year‐old lady with a learning disability
Authors: Leeds Lesley , Srinivasan Janaki 
Published: December 2010

Accessible summary
People with a learning disability are at special risk of developing certain problems with their health. A stroke can also happen to people with a learning disability.
It can sometimes be difficult to tell whether someone has had a stroke, especially if they seem well. Sometimes, people can develop mental health problems after a stroke.
It can be difficult for professionals to understand what has happened to the person, and certain tests, such as a brain scan, need to be carried out to work out what is wrong with the person.
We talk about the importance of getting to know the person well to help understand what their problems are and how to treat the problems. This is to make sure that they get the right diagnosis and treatment.
SummaryPeople with a learning disability are just as likely as people in the general population to be at risk of cerebrovascular disease, due to the presence of undetected/undertreated vascular risk factors. When people with a learning disability are presenting with additional cognitive impairment, it is important to consider a range of conditions that may account for this. Stroke is a major cause of cognitive impairment in older people, affecting at least one‐third of stroke survivors (Leeds et al. 2001). However, post‐stroke psychosis is rare following stroke, and, as can be seen from the case of ‘May’, individuals can make a good recovery with appropriate assessment and intervention. It is important that a diagnosis of dementia is given only after all other potentially treatable conditions have been excluded, and there is a stepwise global deterioration without any other explanation.
Remote assessment of diabetic foot ulcers using a novel wound imaging system
Authors: Bowling Frank L. , King Laurie , Paterson James A. , Hu Jingyi , Lipsky Benjamin A. , Matthews David R. , Boulton Andrew J.M. 
Published: December 2010

ABSTRACTTelemedicine allows experts to assess patients in remote locations, enabling quality convenient, cost‐effective care. To help assess foot wounds remotely, we investigated the reliability of a novel optical imaging system employing a three‐dimensional camera and disposable optical marker. We first examined inter‐ and intraoperator measurement variability (correlation coefficient) of five clinicians examining three different wounds. Then, to assess of the system's ability to identify key clinically relevant features, we had two clinicians evaluate 20 different wounds at two centers, recording observations on a standardized form. Three other clinicians recorded their observations using only the corresponding three‐dimensional images. Using the in‐person assessment as the criterion standard, we assessed concordance of the remote with in‐person assessments. Measurement variation of area was 3.3% for intraoperator and 11.9% for interoperator; difference in clinician opinion about wound boundary location was significant. Overall agreement for remote vs. in‐person assessments was good, but was lowest on the subjective clinical assessments, e.g., value of debridement to improve healing. Limitations of imaging included inability to show certain characteristics, e.g., moistness or exudation. Clinicians gave positive feedback on visual fidelity. This pilot study showed that a clinician viewing only the three‐dimensional images could accurately measure and assess a diabetic foot wound remotely.
Opening‐Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy With and Without Bone Graft
Authors: Zorzi Alessandro Rozim , da Silva Hesojy G.P.V. , Muszkat Carlos , Marques Luiz C. , Cliquet Jr Alberto , de Miranda João Batista 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMedial opening‐wedge has gained popularity in comparison to other techniques of high tibial osteotomy. This technique involves the creation of a gap in the tibia. Filling the gap with autologous iliac bone graft was recommended in the classic description, to prevent complications such as correction loss or delayed bone union. No previous reports have compared grafted and nongrafted osteotomies. This study hypothesized that the use of autologous bone graft in medial opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) less than 12.5 mm is unnecessary. A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted. Forty‐six opening‐wedge high tibial osteotomies were carried out between April 2007 and December 2008. All had fixation with a type of Puddu stainless steel plate and screws. Patients were randomly divided by software analysis into two groups: group A had osteotomies that were filled with autologous bone graft and group B had osteotomies that were unfilled. Autologous iliac bone graft was harvested in both groups. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed twice monthly by blinded investigators. The rates of complications were compared between the groups. There was no difference in demographic data. Mean time to clinical bone union in group A was 12.4 weeks (confidence interval [CI] 11.2–13.6) and in group B was 13.7 weeks (CI 12.5–14.9), but this difference was not significant (P = 0.13). Signals of correction loss occurred in one patient (4.35%) in group A, and in two patients (8.70%) in group B. All osteotomies had achieved bone union. It was concluded that time to bone union was not statistically different between the group with bone graft and the group without graft.
Adoptive transfer and selective reconstitution of streptamer‐selected cytomegalovirus‐specific CD8+ T cells leads to virus clearance in patients after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Schmitt Anita , Tonn Torsten , Busch Dirk H. , Grigoleit Götz Ulrich , Einsele Hermann , Odendahl Marcus , Germeroth Lothar , Ringhoffer Mark , Ringhoffer Simone , Wiesneth Markus , Greiner Jochen , Michel Detlef , Mertens Thomas , Rojewski Markus , Marx Martin , von Harsdorf Stephanie , Döhner Hartmut , Seifried Erhard , Bunjes Donald , Schmitt Michael 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease constitutes a serious complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. For the clearance of CMV, CD8+ T cells are pivotal.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Here, the novel streptamer technology was used at good manufacturing practice (GMP) level for adoptive transfer of CMV‐specific T cells into acute leukemia patients with recurrent high CMV antigenemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.RESULTS: After a single transfusion, the frequency of CMV‐specific CD8+CD45RA+CCR7– effector T cells increased dramatically from 0.0% to a maximum of 27.1% of all T cells. These T cells were clearly donor derived and did not stem from intrinsic reconstitution, as demonstrated by analysis of 1) donor chimerism through single‐tandem repeats, 2) T‐cell receptor excision circles, and 3) Vβ‐chain typing by polymerase chain reaction. Clinically, the specific T‐cell transfer resulted in a persistent clearance of the CMV antigenemia, which allowed the patients to discontinue toxic antiviral drug therapy without further high‐level reactivation of CMV, demonstrating the power of the streptamer technology.CONCLUSION: Taken together, the streptamer technology offers the advantage of selecting virus‐specific CD8+ T cells at GMP level for adoptive T‐cell transfer, thus inducing long‐lasting specific CD8+ T‐cell responses without increasing the risk for graft‐versus‐host disease.
Male‐only fresh‐frozen plasma for transfusion‐related acute lung injury prevention: before‐and‐after comparative cohort study
Authors: Wiersum‐Osselton Johanna C. , Middelburg Rutger A. , Beckers Erik A.M. , van Tilborgh Anita J.W. , Zijlker‐Jansen Pauline Y. , Brand Anneke , van der Bom Johanna G. , Schipperus Martin R. 
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the most serious complications of blood transfusion. It can be caused by incompatible white blood cell antibodies in transfused plasma. The objective of this study was to quantify the reduction of TRALI after introduction of male‐only plasma for transfusion as a preventive measure, which took effect in 2007.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In the Netherlands all cases of TRALI are reported to the national hemovigilance office. All reported cases of TRALI from 2002 to November 2009 were considered for inclusion. Those meeting the Canadian consensus clinical definition were included and subdivided according to whether or not the patient had received quarantine fresh‐frozen plasma (Q‐FFP) in the 6‐hour period before the reaction. The numbers of TRALI cases involving plasma donated before the measure and of those involving plasma donated after the measure were compared to TRALI cases that did not involve Q‐FFP to adjust for reporting bias.RESULTS: A total of 110 cases were included in the analysis. Of 68 cases before the measure, 36 involved Q‐FFP. Thirty‐one cases occurred after the measure of which eight involved Q‐FFP. Eleven occurred in the transitional period, of which four involved Q‐FFP. The population‐attributable risk of premeasure plasma among TRALI cases occurring before the measure was 0.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.09‐0.51).CONCLUSIONS: In the Netherlands the male‐only Q‐FFP measure was associated with a 33% reduction of TRALI cases.
A compact early-type galaxy at z = 0.6 under a magnifying lens: evidence for inside-out growth
Authors: Auger M. W. , Treu T. , Brewer B. J. , Marshall P. J. 
Published: December 2010

Abstract
We use Keck laser guide star adaptive optics imaging and exploit the magnifying effects of strong gravitational lensing (the effective resolution is FWHM ≈ 200 pc) to investigate the sub-kpc scale of an intermediate-redshift (z = 0.63), massive early-type galaxy being lensed by a foreground early-type galaxy; we dub this class of strong gravitational lens systems EELs, i.e. early-type/early-type lenses. We find that the background source is massive (M* = 1010.9 M⊙) and compact (re = 1.1 kpc), and a two-component fit is required to model accurately the surface brightness distribution, including an extended low-surface-brightness component. This extended component may arise from the evolution of higher redshift ‘red nuggets’ or may already be in place at z∼ 2 but is unobservable due to cosmological surface brightness dimming.