bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Temperature and Salinity on the Elimination of Enrofloxacin in the Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum
Authors: Chang Zhi-Qiang , Gao Ai-Xin , Li Jian , Liu Ping 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
The effect of temperature and salinity on the elimination of enrofloxacin (EF) in Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum was investigated. The clams, cultured under different temperatures and salinities (16°C and 30‰, 22°C and 30‰, or 22°C and 20‰), were exposed to EF at 5 μg/mL of water in a medicated bath. After a 24-h exposure, the concentration of EF in various tissues was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the elimination rate of EF in those tissues was investigated by regression analysis. After the treatment, the initial concentrations of EF among tissues were (in decreasing order) plasma &gt; gill &gt; visceral mass &gt; foot &gt; adductor muscle. In all tissues the elimination half-life (t1/2) of EF in the clams cultured at 22°C and 20‰ and 16°C and 30‰ were markedly longer than in those cultured at 22°C and 30‰, and the t1/2 at 16°C and 30‰ was slightly longer than that at 22°C and 20‰. Slight differences were also observed in t1/2 values among various tissues. These data indicate that both temperature and salinity had significant effects on the elimination of EF in the Manila clams and that lower temperature or salinity could result in slower elimination.
Received January 21, 2011; accepted December 2, 2011.
Industrial methodology for process verification in research (IMPROVER): toward systems biology verification
Authors: Meyer Pablo , Hoeng Julia , Rice J. Jeremy , Norel Raquel , Sprengel Jörg , Stolle Katrin , Bonk Thomas , Corthesy Stephanie , Royyuru Ajay , Peitsch Manuel C. , Stolovitzky Gustavo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Analyses and algorithmic predictions based on high-throughput data are essential for the success of systems biology in academic and industrial settings. Organizations, such as companies and academic consortia, conduct large multi-year scientific studies that entail the collection and analysis of thousands of individual experiments, often over many physical sites and with internal and outsourced components. To extract maximum value, the interested parties need to verify the accuracy and reproducibility of data and methods before the initiation of such large multi-year studies. However, systematic and well-established verification procedures do not exist for automated collection and analysis workflows in systems biology which could lead to inaccurate conclusions.
Results: We present here, a review of the current state of systems biology verification and a detailed methodology to address its shortcomings. This methodology named ‘Industrial Methodology for Process Verification in Research’ or IMPROVER, consists on evaluating a research program by dividing a workflow into smaller building blocks that are individually verified. The verification of each building block can be done internally by members of the research program or externally by ‘crowd-sourcing’ to an interested community. www.sbvimprover.com
Implementation: This methodology could become the preferred choice to verify systems biology research workflows that are becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated in industrial and academic settings.
Contact: gustavo@us.ibm.com
Osmosensitive Changes of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Response to Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibition
Authors: Wormit Alexandra , Butt Salman M. , Chairam Issariya , McKenna Joseph F. , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Kjaer Lars , O’Donnelly Kerry , Fernie Alisdair R. , Woscholski Rüdiger , Barter M.C. Laura , Hamann Thorsten 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in the world, the main load-bearing element in plant cell walls, and represents a major sink for carbon fixed during photosynthesis. Previous work has shown that photosynthetic activity is partially regulated by carbohydrate sinks. However, the coordination of cellulose biosynthesis with carbohydrate metabolism and photosynthesis is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that cellulose biosynthesis inhibition (CBI) leads to reductions in transcript levels of genes involved in photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, and starch degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. In parallel, we show that CBI induces changes in carbohydrate distribution and influences Rubisco activase levels. We find that the effects of CBI on gene expression and carbohydrate metabolism can be neutralized by osmotic support in a concentration-dependent manner. However, osmotic support does not suppress CBI-induced metabolic changes in seedlings impaired in mechanoperception (mid1 complementing activity1 [mca1]) and osmoperception (cytokinin receptor1 [cre1]) or reactive oxygen species production (respiratory burst oxidase homolog DF [rbohDF]). These results show that carbohydrate metabolism is responsive to changes in cellulose biosynthesis activity and turgor pressure. The data suggest that MCA1, CRE1, and RBOHDF-derived reactive oxygen species are involved in the regulation of osmosensitive metabolic changes. The evidence presented here supports the notion that cellulose and carbohydrate metabolism may be coordinated via an osmosensitive mechanism.
Microarray analysis of Etrog citron (Citrus medica L.) reveals changes in chloroplast, cell wall, peroxidase and symporter activities in response to viroid infection
Authors: RIZZA SERENA , CONESA ANA , JUAREZ JOSÉ , CATARA ANTONINO , NAVARRO LUIS , DURAN‐VILA NURIA , ANCILLO GEMA 
Published: March 2012

SUMMARYViroids are small (246–401 nucleotides), single‐stranded, circular RNA molecules that infect several crop plants and can cause diseases of economic importance. Citrus are the hosts in which the largest number of viroids have been identified. Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), the causal agent of citrus exocortis disease, induces considerable losses in citrus crops. Changes in the gene expression profile during the early (pre‐symptomatic) and late (post‐symptomatic) stages of Etrog citron infected with CEVd were investigated using a citrus cDNA microarray. MaSigPro analysis was performed and, on the basis of gene expression profiles as a function of the time after infection, the differentially expressed genes were classified into five clusters. FatiScan analysis revealed significant enrichment of functional categories for each cluster, indicating that viroid infection triggers important changes in chloroplast, cell wall, peroxidase and symporter activities.
Cytosine–phosphate–guanosine-DNA induces CD274 expression in human B cells and suppresses T helper type 2 cytokine production in pollen antigen-stimulated CD4-positive cells
Authors: Kubo S , Yamada T , Osawa Y , Ito Y , Narita N , Fujieda S 
Published: March 2012

Summary
Co-stimulatory molecules are important for regulating T cell activation and immune response. CD274 [programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), B7-H1] has emerged as an important immune modulator that can block T cell receptor signalling. We have investigated whether PD-L1 and other co-stimulatory ligands could be expressed in human B cells stimulated by cytosine–phosphate–guanosine (CpG)-DNA. CpG-DNA strongly induced the co-inhibitory molecule ligand, PD-L1, of human B cells. Results show that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling is involved directly in CpG-DNA-induced PD-L1 expression in human B cells. We sought to determine the effect of CpG-DNA-treated B cells on T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine production in Cry j 1 (Japanese pollen antigen)-stimulated human CD4-positive cells from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by Japanese cedar pollen. CpG-DNA-treated B cells reduced Cry j 1-induced interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 production in CD4-positive cells. When the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1 was inhibited by PD-1-immunoglobulin (Ig), this chimera molecule reversed the previously described reductions in IL-5 and IL-13 production. In contrast, the CpG B-treated B cells increased both interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-12 production in the presence of Cry j 1-stimulated CD4-positive cells. CpG-DNA simultaneously reduced the expression of B7RP-1 [also known as inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL), B7-H2] and the ligand of CD30 (CD30L). These results indicate that CpG-DNA induces co-inhibitory molecule ligand PD-L1 expression in human B cells and PD-L1 can suppress Th2 cytokine production in Cry j 1-stimulated CD4-positive cells, while CpG-DNA increased Th1 cytokine production and reduced the expression of co-stimulatory molecule ligands that can promote Th2 inflammatory responses.
Child protection training, experience, and personal views of dentists in the prefecture of Attica, Greece
Authors: LAUD ALEXANDRA , GIZANI SOTIRIA , MARAGKOU SYGKLITIKI , WELBURY RICHARD , PAPAGIANNOULIS LISA 
Published: March 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 64–71
Background.  The abuse and neglect of children constitutes a social phenomenon that unfortunately is widespread irrespective of geographic, ethnic, or social background. Dentists may be the first health professionals to recognize signs of child maltreatment (CM) and have an important role in dealing with such incidents.Aim.  To describe the training, experience, and personal views of dentists practicing in the Prefecture of Attica regarding the recognition and referral of abused and neglected children.Design.  A random sample was drawn from a target population of dentists registered with two of the largest dental associations in Greece. The dental practitioners were interviewed by two paediatric dentists using a specially designed questionnaire. Information was collected regarding their awareness on child maltreatment, the frequency of suspected incidents as well as the reasons for not reporting them.Results.  With a response rate of 83%, findings are reported from 368 interviews (54% male, mean age 43 years). Only 21% of respondents had received training on child protection at undergraduate level. Suspected abuse was 13% and suspected neglect was 35%. Only six of the 368 respondents made an official report of a suspected case of child maltreatment. The most common reason that might prevent a dentist from reporting a case was doubt over the diagnosis (44%). Ninety‐seven per cent of dentists believed that recognition and referral of incidents should be part of undergraduate training.Conclusions.  Dental practitioners did not feel adequately informed on recognizing and referring child abuse and neglect cases. The low percentage of reported incidents and the lack of legislation indicate a great need for continuously educating dentists on child maltreatment as well as for setting up an organized system in Greece for reporting such incidents to protect the dentist referring the case as well as the child being victimized.
Registered nurses’ attention to and perceptions of pressure ulcer prevention in hospital settings
Authors: Sving Eva , Gunningberg Lena , Högman Marieann , Mamhidir Anna‐Greta 
Published: March 2012

Aim.  To describe how registered nurses perform, document and reflect on pressure ulcer prevention in a specific nurse–patient care situation, as well as generally, on hospital wards.Background.  Registered nurses should provide safe and qualified pressure ulcer prevention, but pressure ulcers remain a problem. Compliance with evidence‐based guidelines impedes pressure ulcer formation.Design.  A descriptive design with a multimethods approach.Method.  Nine registered nurses at three wards and hospitals participated. The registered nurses were observed in a specific nurse–patient care situation with patients at risk for pressure ulcers. Interviews followed and patients’ records were reviewed. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were used.Results.  Pressure ulcer prevention performed by the registered nurses was dependent on the cultural care, which ranged from planned to unplanned prevention. Diversity was found in compliance with evidence‐based guidelines across the wards. Although all patients involved were at risk and the nurses described pressure ulcer prevention as basic care, the nurses’ attention to prevention was lacking. Few prevention activities and no structured risk assessments using risk assessment tools were observed, and few care plans were identified. The lack of attention was explained by registered nurses’ trust in assistant nurses’ knowledge, and prevention was seen as an assistant nurse task.Conclusion.  Registered nurses paid little attention to pressure ulcer prevention among patients at risk. The planned and unplanned care structures affected the prevention. The nurses trusted and largely delegated their responsibility to the assistant nurses.Relevance to clinical practice.  Evidence‐based pressure ulcer prevention is fundamental to patient safety. Care quality is created in situations where patients and care providers meet. How registered nurses work with pressure ulcer prevention, their role and communication, particularly with assistant nurses, should be of major concern to them as well as to healthcare managers.
Let us take a Yale open course: a Chinese view of open educational resources provided by institutions in the West
Authors: Xia J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis research examines selected online comments from open courses available on Chinese websites. These courses were created by universities in the West as an effort to build open educational resources (OER) and were recently translated into Chinese and were relocated to some popular Chinese websites. This research aimed to understand why the Chinese viewers value open courses offered by foreign institutions. A statistical cluster analysis was applied to identify patterns of viewers' behaviour. OER were analysed in a social context and the significance of cross‐cultural communication in information sharing and knowledge delivery was explored. It finds that subject, rather than provider, of a course has a positive impact on the number of meaningful comments.
Factors influencing residents’ evaluations of clinical faculty member teaching qualities and role model status
Authors: Arah Onyebuchi A , Heineman Maas J , Lombarts Kiki M J M H 
Published: March 2012

Medical Education 2012: 46: 381–389Objectives  Evaluations of faculty members are widely used to identify excellent or substandard teaching performance. In order to enable such evaluations to be properly interpreted and used in faculty development, it is essential to understand the factors that influence resident doctors’ (residents) evaluations of the teaching qualities of faculty members and their perceptions of faculty members as role‐model specialists.Methods  We carried out a cross‐sectional survey within a longitudinal study of the System for Evaluation of Teaching Qualities (SETQ) of clinical teachers. The study sample included 889 residents and 1014 faculty members in 61 teaching programmes spanning 22 specialties in 20 hospitals in the Netherlands. Main outcome measures included residents’ (i) global and (ii) specific ratings of faculty member teaching qualities, and (iii) global ratings of faculty members as role‐model specialists. Statistical analysis was conducted using adjusted multivariable logistic generalised estimating equations.Results  In total, 690 residents (77.6%) completed 6485 evaluations of 962 faculty members, 848 (83.6%) of whom also self‐evaluated. More recently certified faculty members, those who had attended a teacher training programme, and those who spent more time teaching than seeing patients or conducting research were more likely to score highly on most teaching qualities. However, faculty members who had undergone teacher training were less likely to be seen as role models (odds ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.88). In addition, faculty members were evaluated slightly higher by male than female residents on core teaching domains and overall teaching quality, but were less likely to be seen as role models by male residents (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.97). Lastly, faculty members had higher odds of receiving top scores in specific teaching domains from residents in the first 4 years of residency and were less likely to be considered as role models by more senior residents.Conclusions  Younger faculty members who dedicated more time to teaching, had attended a teacher training programme, and were evaluated by male residents in the early years of residency were more likely to receive higher scores for teaching performance.
Tracking nickel‐adaptive biomarkers in Pisolithus albus from New Caledonia using a transcriptomic approach
Authors: MAJOREL CLARISSE , HANNIBAL LAURE , SOUPE MARIE‐ESTELLE , CARRICONDE FABIAN , DUCOUSSO MARC , LEBRUN MICHEL , JOURAND PHILIPPE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe fungus Pisolithus albus forms ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with plants growing on extreme ultramafic soils, which are naturally rich in heavy metals such as nickel. Both nickel‐tolerant and nickel‐sensitive isolates of P. albus are found in ultramafic soils in New Caledonia, a biodiversity hotspot in the Southwest Pacific. The aim of this work was to monitor the expression of genes involved in the specific molecular response to nickel in a nickel‐tolerant P. albus isolate. We used pyrosequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approaches to investigate and compare the transcriptomes of the nickel‐tolerant isolate MD06‐337 in the presence and absence of nickel. A total of 1 071 375 sequencing reads were assembled to infer expression patterns of 19 518 putative genes. Comparison of expression levels revealed that 30% of the identified genes were modulated by nickel treatment. The genes, for which expression was induced most markedly by nickel, encoded products that were putatively involved in a variety of biological functions, such as the modification of cellular components (53%), regulation of biological processes (27%) and molecular functions (20%). The 10 genes that pyrosequencing analysis indicated were induced the most by nickel were characterized further by qPCR analysis of both nickel‐tolerant and nickel‐sensitive P. albus isolates. Five of these genes were expressed exclusively in nickel‐tolerant isolates as well as in ECM samples in situ, which identified them as potential biomarkers for nickel tolerance in this species. These results clearly suggest a positive transcriptomic response of the fungus to nickel‐rich environments. The presence of both nickel‐tolerant and nickel‐sensitive fungal phenotypes in ultramafic soils might reflect environment‐dependent phenotypic responses to variations in the effective concentrations of nickel in heterogeneous ultramafic habitats.
Colonic inflammation up‐regulates voltage‐gated sodium channels in bladder sensory neurons via activation of peripheral transient potential vanilloid 1 receptors
Authors: Lei Q. , Malykhina A. P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackground  Primary sensory neurons express several types of ion channels including transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and voltage‐gated Na+ channels. Our previous studies showed an increased excitability of bladder primary sensory and spinal neurons triggered by inflammation in the distal colon as a result of pelvic organ cross‐sensitization. The goal of this work was to determine the effects of TRPV1 receptor activation by potent agonists and/or colonic inflammation on voltage‐gated Na+ channels expressed in bladder sensory neurons.Methods  Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with intracolonic saline (control), resiniferatoxin (RTX, 10−7 mol L−1), TNBS (colonic irritant) or double treatment (RTX followed by TNBS).Key Results  TNBS‐induced colitis increased the amplitude of total Na+ current by two‐fold and of tetrodotoxin resistant (TTX‐R) Na+ current by 78% (P ≤ 0.05 to control) in lumbosacral bladder neurons during acute phase (3 days post‐TNBS). Instillation of RTX in the distal colon caused an enhancement in the amplitude of total Na+ current at −20 mV from −112.1 ± 18.7 pA/pF (control) to −183.6 ± 27.8 pA/pF (3 days post‐RTX, P ≤ 0.05) without changes in TTX resistant component. The amplitude of net Na+ current was also increased by 119% at day 3 in the group with double treatment (RTX followed by TNBS, P ≤ 0.05 to control) which was significantly higher than in either group with a single treatment.Conclusions & Inferences  These results provide evidence that colonic inflammation activates TRPV1 receptors at the peripheral sensory terminals leading to an up‐regulation of voltage gated Na+ channels on the cell soma of bladder sensory neurons. This mechanism may underlie the occurrence of peripheral cross‐sensitization in the pelvis and functional chronic pelvic pain.
Blood donation in Morocco: a 20‐year retrospective study of blood collection in the Rabat blood centre
Authors: Tazi‐Mokha A. , Soulaymani A. , Mokhtari A. , Alami R. 
Published: March 2012

Objectives: We trace the history of blood donors and the recruitment strategies developed between 1988 and 2008 in the regional blood transfusion centre of Rabat. Beside, we draw a distribution map of the blood donors' population in Morocco during the year 2008.Background: Limited resource countries face considerable obstacles to ensuring a safe blood supply and safe blood transfusions. Many countries used and some of them still depend on replacement blood donors.Methods: Data published in this article had been collected from the CRTS of Rabat archives and reports. Data from all the 16 regional blood transfusion centres were collected from the report annually presented by the different regions.Results: We found that during the 20 years period studied, the number of blood units collected by Rabat recorded many fluctuations. In the mean time, many measures were taken to promote the recruitment of voluntary blood donors. The proportion of these later jumped from 16·55% in 1988 to reach almost 80% in 2008. Beside, the whole country's blood collection map for the year 2008 showed that 190 504 of whole blood units were collected. This means that there are only six donations per 1000 people.Conclusion: This is the first study conducted in Morocco that provided detailed information on ongoing trends in blood donor profiles. The creation and development of new mobile drive units and maintaining them over time was the key to increase the collection of blood units from voluntary, non‐remunerated blood donors.