bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbes in reconstructive restoration: Divergence in constructed and natural tree island soil fungi affects tree growth
Authors: Kiesewetter Kasey N. , Rawstern Amanda H. , Cline Eric , Ortiz Gina R. , Santamaria Fabiola , Coronado‐Molina Carlos , Sklar Fred H. , Afkhami Michelle E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs ecosystems face unprecedented change and habitat loss, pursuing comprehensive and resilient habitat restoration will be integral to protecting and maintaining natural areas and the services they provide. Microbiomes offer an important avenue for improving restoration efforts as they are integral to ecosystem health and functioning. Despite microbiomes' importance, unresolved knowledge gaps hinder their inclusion in restoration efforts. Here, we address two critical gaps in understanding microbial roles in restoration—fungal microbiomes' importance in “reconstructive” restoration efforts and how management and restoration decisions interactively impact fungal communities and their cascading effects on trees. We combined field surveys, microbiome sequencing, and greenhouse experiments to determine how reconstructing an iconic landscape feature—tree islands—in the highly imperiled Everglades impacts fungal microbiomes and fungal effects on native tree species compared with their natural counterparts under different proposed hydrological management regimes. Constructed islands used in this research were built from peat soil and limestone collected from deep sloughs and levees nearby the restoration sites in 2003, providing 18 years for microbiome assembly on constructed islands. We found that while fungal microbiomes from natural and constructed tree islands exhibited similar diversity and richness, they differed significantly in community composition. These compositional differences arose mainly from changes to which fungal taxa were present on the islands rather than changes in relative abundances. Surprisingly, ~50% of fungal hub taxa (putative keystone fungi) from natural islands were missing on constructed islands, suggesting that differences in community composition of constructed island could be important for microbiome stability and function. The differences in fungal composition between natural and constructed islands had important consequences for tree growth. Specifically, these compositional differences interacted with hydrological regime (treatments simulating management strategies) to affect woody growth across the four tree species in our experiment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that reconstructing a landscape feature without consideration of microbiomes can result in diverging fungal communities that are likely to interact with management decisions leading to meaningful consequences for foundational primary producers. Our results recommend cooperation between restoration practitioners and ecologists to evaluate opportunities for active management and restoration of microbiomes during future reconstructive restoration.
Multicomponent Reactions Mediated by Supramolecular Containers
Authors: Zhou Xiaojuan , Ma Xin‐Chao , Hong Zhiyang , Zhang Jing‐Yi , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMulticomponent reactions (MCRs) have drawn great attention due to their various significant advantages including highly efficient, environment‐friendly, and atom‐economic. Developing more efficient and selective MCRs is of great significance to construct chemical libraries of potential functional compounds. On the other hand, supramolecular containers have been successfully applied as novel nanoreactors to mediate diverse organic transformations, and MCRs are included. In this review, examples of supramolecular container mediated MCRs have been summarized. The supramolecular containers include β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), γ‐cyclodextrin (γ‐CD), calix[4]arene, self‐assembled Ga(III)‐ligand tetrahedral coordination cage ([Ga4L6]12−), and decanuclear 3d–4f lanthanide metal‐organic cage ([Zn2Yb8(L)8Cl2]2+). The MCRs cover Hantzsch, Biginelli, aza‐Darzens, Strecker, and other three‐component reactions. Effects of the supramolecular containers have been illustrated and prospects for the future are also provided.
Optimized Design of YOLOv5s Algorithm for Printed Circuit Board Surface Defect Detection
Authors: Lin Kaisi , Zhang Lu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTo address the challenge of detecting surface defects on printed circuit board (PCB), this paper proposes an improved method based on YOLOv5s. To enhance the detection of small target defects, the Coordinate Attention mechanism is integrated into the three Convolutional layers module of YOLOv5s, and the Normalized Gaussian Weighted Distance loss is introduced to replace the Complete Intersection over Union loss. To achieve a lightweight model with parameters reduced and to enhance detection speed for real‐time applications and terminal deployment, the convolutional layers in the Neck module of YOLOv5s are replaced with Grouped Shuffled Convolution layers. Evaluated on two benchmark data sets, the PCB_DATASET and DeepPCB data sets, the improved model achieves 97.0% and 99.1% in Map@0.5 and achieves 163 and 167 in Frames Per Second, respectively. In addition, the model parameters are reduced to 6.6 million, meeting the demands of small target detection in real‐time applications.
Propagation of Smouldering in Wood Dust Deposits Ignited by Embedded Hot Bodies
Authors: Li Chang , Zhang Jinglin , Zhao Haoran , Yuan Chunmiao , Du Zhenguo , Dong Zheren , Amyotte Paul , Zhao Zenghui , Li Ronghua , Liang Weitong , Xie Zhiqun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCombustible dust poses a hazard to industry in two ways, i.e., reactive as a cloud or reactive as a pile. This paper deals with the smouldering behaviour of wood dust deposits initiated by hot bodies. Effects of embedded depth and airflow condition are investigated. Two sizes of wood dust are selected as test samples, namely wood powder and wood chip. The results indicate that under the same hot bodies embedded depth, wood chip combustion propagates faster than wood powder in general due to its unique flocculent structure. Due to the increased insulation effect of the wood dust layer, the temperature at the same measuring point is higher than that of the wood chip layer. In addition, under airflow conditions, the smouldering propagation of wood deposits is significantly higher than that without airflow (2.42 and 4.34 m/s) for both wood powder and wood chip samples. However, the deposited wood powder has a lower minimum ignition temperature than wood chip. Accumulated wood dust in considered to have a greater fire risk in powder form.
A Novel ACVR2A::RAF1 Fusion in Spindle Cell Sarcoma
Authors: Jiang Anfeng , Li Huan , Li Dongbing , Chen Huafei , Zhao Lina , Zhang Ying , Li Yangyang , Rong Rong , Li Bin , Xiao Sheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundKinase‐rearranged spindle cell sarcomas are characterized by unique molecular features. The advent of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled the detection of a multitude of kinase fusions, thereby contributing to the accurate categorization of these tumors.Case PresentationA 37‐year‐old woman experienced the fourth recurrence of a cranial base tumor 25 years following the initial surgery and radiation therapy. Histological analysis disclosed spindle‐shaped and oval tumor cells, along with a high number of mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry showed a null immunophenotype, negative for pan‐TRK, S‐100, CD34, pan‐CK, GFAP, and Olig2. Molecular analysis of the tumor tissue identified a novel ACVR2A::RAF1 fusion, comprising the first four exons of ACVR2A and the last nine exons of RAF1. The resulting fusion protein retains the extracellular and transmembrane domains of ACVR2A, while its kinase domain is replaced by the kinase domain of RAF1. This hybrid protein likely contributes to tumorigenesis by activating RAF1 signaling in response to ACVR2A ligands from the TGF‐β superfamily.Treatment and OutcomeThe patient was treated with the MEK1 inhibitor Trametinib, 2 mg per time and once a day. One month later, MRI showed significant tumor shrinkage and pain relief.ConclusionThe ACVR2A::RAF1 fusion represents a novel genomic profile in RAF1‐rearranged spindle cell sarcoma, offering a rational basis for targeted therapy. This case highlights the importance of molecular diagnostics in identifying actionable targets and guiding treatment, potentially leading to significant clinical benefits.
Sun Safety Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes in the West of Iranian Farmers in 2024: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Bidarpoor Farzam , Farazandeh Halimeh , Ghaderi Payman , Ebrahimi Kamal , Mahmoodi Hassan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsDue to the high risk of skin cancer from sun exposure in farmers, understanding their awareness of preventive behaviors is critical. Therefore, this study aimed to determine awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding skin cancer prevention among Iranian farmers.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted using a valid questionnaire with 336 farmers randomly selected from villages in Kurdistan Province, Iran. To be eligible for the study, participants had to be 18 years of age or older and currently working on a farm in the study region.ResultsThe mean age years of participants was 49.31 ± SD = 12.23. The mean ± SD of attitude and performance scores were 11.50 ± 3.78 (min = 2, max = 20) and 9.05 ± 2.48 (min = 0, max = 15), respectively. The findings indicate that while 90.2% of participants are aware of the risks of prolonged sun exposure, misconceptions remain. Only 46.4% recognize UV dangers on cloudy days, and 63.4% understand sunscreen use is needed beyond sunny conditions. Awareness of specific risks like skin cancer (42.6%) and sunburn (27.4%) is moderate, while knowledge of cataracts (6.8%) and premature skin aging (9.2%) is low. Barriers to sunscreen use persist, with only 22.3% deeming it important and 40.8% finding it convenient. The risk of developing skin cancer was underestimated in 131 (39.0%) participants.ConclusionKnowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding skin cancer prevention among farmers in Iran are low. There is a need for culturally appropriate educational messages and intervention programs to increase awareness, improve attitudes, and promote preventive behaviors among farmers.
Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Artificial Runoff Generation on Typical Slopes in Farmland of North China
Authors: Luan Qinghua , Zhang Changhao , Tong Jian , Wu Sushu , Pang Tingting , Wang Lishu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRunoff generation and concentration are essential processes of the hydrological cycle. Understanding runoff generation mechanisms is crucial for improving the accuracy of hydrological forecasting and regional water resource assessment. This research aims to explore runoff generation mechanisms of farmlands in the North China Plain through analysing the impact of farmland vegetation on runoff generation in typical slopes. Seven experimental scenarios were designed based on various land uses under an artificial rainfall intensity of 60 mm/h, using two soil tanks with slopes of 2° and 4°, respectively. The regional climates, cropping structures and management practices were considered for the scenario design. The experiments were conducted at the experimental plot of artificial rainfall runoff on the Linmingguan campus of Hebei University of Engineering, located in Hebei Province, China, from October 2019 to June 2021. The results indicated that the surface runoff rate varied significantly, while the interflow rate remained relatively stable. The surface runoff accounted for 64%–89.36% of the total runoff volume, and the proportion increased with the increase of slope gradient. The start time of surface runoff (TRs) was delayed by 7.5 min, and runoff volume (VRs) decreased by 42%–50% as winter wheat grew from seedling to maturity. In contrast, the start time of interflow (TRi) occurred 3.5 min earlier, and runoff volume (VRi) increased by 54%–55%. TRs advanced, and both VRs and peak flow increased with the slope increasing under the same vegetation type; however, the results of interflow showed the opposite trend. The runoff volume increased and start time of runoff advanced in the bare land, probably benefiting from the impact of the crop rotation system on soil characteristics in North China. The findings of this research provide an insight into understanding runoff mechanisms in North China, reducing the uncertainty between model parameters and watershed characteristics and offering beneficial references for research and practice in related fields.
Meta‐Analysing the Factor Structure and Reliability of Measurement Instruments: An R‐Based Tutorial
Authors: Escaffi‐Schwarz Maximiliano , Gempp René , Irmer Julien P. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMeta‐analytical techniques are crucial to synthetize available evidence and advance research and practice. However, meta‐analyses are typically concerned with the strength of an effect and less so with the measurement quality of the scales underlying that effect. This is a problem because measurement quality is crucial for appropriate statistical inferences in studies using multi‐item scales. Using 12 samples of the Dirty Dozen questionnaire to assess the dark triad personality, we illustrate (and provide the R scripts for) two methods to meta‐analytically assess the factor structure of a scale depending on the data that is available. Further, we provide R scripts for several other methods that we do not discuss in this article in depth. We also illustrate the Reliability Generalization method to meta‐analytically assess the reliability of a scale. Strengths and limitations of the different methods are discussed, together with some consideration that researchers must take into account to implement and interpret all methods here. We hope to contribute to the international community of psychologist by equipping researchers with tools that they can use to investigate the measurement quality of different scales, which should enhance the replicability, generalizability and the comparability of research findings.
Cross‐tissue multi‐omics analyses reveal the gut microbiota's absence impacts organ morphology, immune homeostasis, bile acid and lipid metabolism
Authors: Shen Juan , Liang Weiming , Zhao Ruizhen , Chen Yang , Liu Yanmin , Cheng Wei , Chai Tailiang , Zhang Yin , Chen Silian , Liu Jiazhe , Chen Xueting , Deng Yusheng , Zhang Zhao , Huang Yufen , Yang Huanjie , Pang Li , Qiu Qinwei , Deng Haohao , Pan Shanshan , Wang Linying , Ye Jingjing , Luo Wen , Jiang Xuanting , Huang Xiao , Li Wanshun , Leung Elaine Lai‐Han , Zhang Lu , Huang Li , Yang Zhimin , Chen Rouxi , Mei Junpu , Yue Zhen , Wei Hong , Karsten Kristiansen , Han Lijuan , Fang Xiaodong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe gut microbiota influences host immunity and metabolism, and changes in its composition and function have been implicated in several non‐communicable diseases. Here, comparing germ‐free (GF) and specific pathogen‐free (SPF) mice using spatial transcriptomics, single‐cell RNA sequencing, and targeted bile acid metabolomics across multiple organs, we systematically assessed how the gut microbiota's absence affected organ morphology, immune homeostasis, bile acid, and lipid metabolism. Through integrated analysis, we detect marked aberration in B, myeloid, and T/natural killer cells, altered mucosal zonation and nutrient uptake, and significant shifts in bile acid profiles in feces, liver, and circulation, with the alternate synthesis pathway predominant in GF mice and pronounced changes in bile acid enterohepatic circulation. Particularly, autophagy‐driven lipid droplet breakdown in ileum epithelium and the liver's zinc finger and BTB domain‐containing protein (ZBTB20)‐Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) (ZBTB20‐LPL) axis are key to plasma lipid homeostasis in GF mice. Our results unveil the complexity of microbiota–host interactions in the crosstalk between commensal gut bacteria and the host.
Psychologists' Diagnostic Accuracy and Treatment Recommendations for Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Weinberg Leah , Martin Luci A. , Post Kristina M. , Ricketts Emily J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating condition prevalent in up to 2.3% of the population, yet obsessive‐compulsive symptoms are commonly misidentified by mental health professionals, adversely impacting treatment recommendations. This study examined OCD misidentification rates across two different types of obsessions, the influence of misidentification on treatment recommendation, and attitudes associated with clinicians' decisions surrounding the diagnosis of OCD and treatment recommendations in a sample of 110 licensed psychologists. Results showed that over one‐third (35.0%) of participants incorrectly diagnosed two vignettes, representing symptoms of sexual orientation OCD (SO‐OCD) and symmetry. Of those who correctly diagnosed the vignettes, about half of participants (symmetry = 55.4%; SO‐OCD = 47.1%) recommended exposure and response prevention (ERP) as the primary treatment choice. Participants who endorsed greater client empowerment were more likely to misdiagnose the SO‐OCD vignette (t(108) = 2.97, p = 0.004). Less experience with evidence‐based practice and negative attitudes toward evidence‐based practice were associated with the choice of treatment other than ERP (t(71) = −2.98, p = 0.004 and t(72) = 3.40, p < 0.001, respectively). Elevated OCD misdiagnosis and its adverse impact on treatment recommendations, as well as knowledge of factors contributing to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, imply the need for greater education and training.
Exploring engagement narratives among self‐identified Hispanic women's experiences in engineering counterspaces
Authors: Polmear Madeline , Volpe Elizabeth , Villanueva Alarcón Idalis , Simmons Denise R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundDiversity, equity, and inclusion efforts in higher education are increasingly recognizing the importance of understanding students' lived experience. More research is needed to deeply and contextually uncover voices, meanings, and stories that are enveloped within the complex realities of Hispanic women in engineering.PurposeWhile the Latiné/x/a/o, Hispanic women population is one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States, they receive only 3% of engineering undergraduate degrees. This research explored how self‐identified Hispanic women experienced engagement outside of class.Design/MethodThis exploratory qualitative research employed narrative inquiry design using a paradigmatic analysis method. We conducted two in‐depth interviews with five undergraduate engineering students who self‐identified as international Hispanic women.FindingsBy examining the narratives through a novel synthesis of a socio‐ecological framework of engagement and community cultural wealth, we identified three themes that tell the story of students' experiences outside of class: (i) Perceived benefits and level of involvement informed student dispositions and aspirational capital in counterspaces; (ii) Linguistic capital served as the entry point for receiving social and navigational capital; and (iii) Cultural and linguistic similarities provide a counterspace where students gained the drive, disposition, and aspiration to persist in engineering.ConclusionsThe findings identified the capital that drove students to engage outside of the classroom and capital they gained in return. Out‐of‐class activities provided a counterspace for Hispanic women in engineering that supported their sense of belonging, ability to navigate engineering, and professional development. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations for engineering education and research.
The impact of extra‐pancreatic infections on outcomes of acute pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang XueMin , Zhu Ping , Zhang YanFei , Dai ShanShan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of extrapancreatic infections (EPI) on outcomes of acute pancreatitis has received limited attention in the literature. We compiled data from published studies to present high‐quality evidence on the prognostic role of EPI on acute pancreatitis.MethodsThis PRISMA‐compliant and PROSPERO registered review (CRD42024516872) searched Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed for comparative studies between EPI and no‐EPI. Outcomes assessed were mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, necrosis, organ failure, persistent organ failure, and length of hospital stay (LOS).ResultsSeven studies were included in the review. The meta‐analysis found that patients with EPI had a significantly higher risk of mortality as compared to the no‐EPI group (OR: 3.85 95% CI: 2.79, 5.31). The risk of ICU admission (OR: 12.24 95% CI: 3.56, 42.10), necrosis (OR: 3.50 95% CI: 1.37, 8.89) organ failure (OR: 6.03 95% CI: 3.75, 9.70) and persistent organ failure (OR: 6.72 95% CI: 3.58, 12.62) was significantly increased in the EPI group compared to the non‐EPI group. The meta‐analysis also found significantly longer LOS in the EPI group (MD: 11.92 95% CI: 4.75, 19.08).ConclusionEPI is associated with a worse prognosis in acute pancreatitis. EPI was associated with an increased risk of mortality, ICU admission, organ failure, and prolonged LOS. Limited number of studies and baseline confounding are drawbacks of current evidence which need to be rectified by future studies.
High preoperative Glasgow prognostic score increases a risk of hospital mortality in elderly patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kokumai Takashi , Aoki Shuichi , Nakagawa Kei , Iseki Masahiro , Sato Hideaki , Miura Takayuki , Maeda Shimpei , Ishida Masaharu , Mizuma Masamichi , Unno Michiaki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundHemihepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection is considered the only curative treatment for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of the study was to clarify the survival benefits in this invasive surgical procedure for elderly patients.MethodsA total of 290 patients who underwent surgical resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in our department from 2000 to 2020 were categorized into the E group (62 patients aged ≥75 years) and NE group (228 patients aged <74 years).ResultsThe E group exhibited decreased pathological lymph node metastasis (p = .001) and had a shorter operative time (p = .021) and fewer cases of combined vascular resection (p = .002). We found no significant differences in postoperative mortality; however, disease‐specific survival was significantly better in the E group (3‐year survival: 75.6 vs. 60.3%, p = .031). After propensity score matching, overall survival and disease‐specific survival did not differ between the two groups; nevertheless, the hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in the E group (11.5 vs. 1.6%, p = .020). In the E group, a high preoperative Glasgow prognostic score was the only factor associated with hospital mortality (odds ratio, 7.35; p = .026) and indicated worse prognosis.ConclusionsA high preoperative Glasgow prognostic score was associated with hospital mortality and poor prognosis in elderly patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.