bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation of a zinc inclusion complex to wurtzite ZnS microflowers under solvothermal conditions
Authors: Mi Liwei , Han Minle , Li Zhen , Wang Yaming , Shen Changyu , Zheng Zhi 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWurtzite zinc sulfide (ZnS) microflowers were synthesized successfully by a convenient solvothermal route in ethylene glycol (EG) and ethylenediamine (EN) using thiourea and zinc inclusion complex as starting materials. The inclusion complex {[Zn(bipy)2(H2O)2](4‐Cl‐3‐NH2‐C6H3SO3)2(bipy) (H2O)2}n was achieved by the reaction of zinc oxide (ZnO) and 4‐Cl‐3‐NH2‐C6H3SO3 with the bridging ligand bipy under moderate conditions, in which bipy is 4,4′‐bipyridine and 4‐Cl‐3‐NH2C6H3SO3NH is 4‐Chloro‐3‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid. The phase purity of bulk products was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction and element analysis. The factors that might affect the purity of the ZnS product during the synthesis were discussed in detail. It was found that the products were significantly affected by the mixed solvents and the starting materials. X‐ray single crystal diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the products. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An improved technique for calculating relative response in cellular proliferation experiments
Authors: Munson Mark E. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInvestigating the response of cells to specific agonists may involve the use of cell tracking dyes to assess the extent of stimulated proliferation, frequently reported as the proliferation index (PI). Calculation of PI uses a model for cell division that expects the cell number to double as cells proliferate through each successive generation. It is often useful to compare the PI of a stimulated control population with that of a population in the presence of some agent, whether chemical, pharmacologic, or cellular. For such comparison studies, the nature of the metric being used must be taken into account to accurately assess the extent of inhibition. Specifically, the metric used in ModFit LT (Verity Software House, Topsham, ME) and in FCS Express (De Novo Software, Los Angeles, CA) uses a metric with a lower limit of unity, whereas the metric used in FlowJo (Treestar, Ashland, OR) has a lower limit of zero. For studies involving cell proliferation comparisons using tracking dye dilution, a new equation is proposed as the appropriate calculation to use when determining the percent of relative response based on proliferation index values for a metric whose lower limit is unity.
Using surface plasmon resonance imaging to probe dynamic interactions between cells and extracellular matrix
Authors: Peterson Alexander W. , Halter Michael , Tona Alessandro , Bhadriraju Kiran , Plant Anne L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSpatially resolved details of the interactions of cells with a fibronectin modified surface were examined using surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRI). SPRI is a label‐free technique that is based on the spatial measurement of interfacial refractive index. SPRI is sensitive to short range interactions between cells and their substratum. The high contrast in SPR signal between cell edges and substratum facilitates identification of cell edges and segmentation of cell areas. With this novel technique, we demonstrate visualization of cell‐substratum interactions, and how cell‐substratum interactions change over time as cells spread, migrate, and undergo membrane ruffling. Published 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation analysis of intracellular and secreted cytokines via the generalized integrated mean fluorescence intensity
Authors: Shooshtari Parisa , Fortuno Edgardo S. , Blimkie Darren , Yu Miao , Gupta Arvind , Kollmann Tobias R. , Brinkman Ryan R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe immune response in humans is usually assessed using immunogenicity assays to provide biomarkers as correlates of protection (CoP). Flow cytometry is the assay of choice to measure intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of cell‐mediated immune (CMI) biomarkers. For CMI analysis, the integrated mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) was introduced as a metric to represent the total functional CMI response as a CoP. iMFI is computed by multiplying the relative frequency (percent positive) of cells expressing a particular cytokine with the MFI of that population, and correlates better with protection in challenge models than either the percentage or the MFI of the cytokine‐positive population. While determination of the iMFI as a CoP can readily be accomplished in animal models that allow challenge/protection experiments, this is not feasible in humans for ethical reasons. As a first step toward extending the iMFI concept to humans, we investigated the correlation of the iMFI derived from a human innate immune response ICS assay with functional cytokine release into the culture supernatant, as innate cytokines need to be released to have a functional impact. Next, we developed a quantitatively more correlative mathematical approach for calculating the functional response of cytokine‐producing cells by incorporating the assignment of different weights to the magnitude (frequency of cytokine‐positive cells) and the quality (the MFI) of the observed innate immune response. We refer to this model as generalized iMFI. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Cryptanalysis of a simple three‐party password‐based key exchange protocol
Authors: Yoon Eun‐Jun , Yoo Kee‐Young 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn order to secure communications between two clients with a trusted server's help in public network environments, a three‐party authenticated key exchange (3PAKE) protocol is used to provide the transaction confidentiality and the efficiency. In 2009, Huang proposed a simple three‐party password‐based authenticated key exchange (HS‐3PAKE) protocol without any server's public key. By analysis, Huang claimed that the proposed HS‐3PAKE protocol is not only secure against various attacks, but also more efficient than previously proposed 3PAKE protocols. However, this paper demonstrates that HS‐3PAKE protocol is vulnerable to undetectable online password guessing attacks and off‐line password guessing attacks by any other user. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deficits in sensitivity to spacing after early visual deprivation in humans: A comparison of human faces, monkey faces, and houses
Authors: Robbins Rachel A. , Nishimura Mayu , Mondloch Catherine J. , Lewis Terri L. , Maurer Daphne 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEarly visual deprivation caused by bilateral congenital cataracts produces deficits in discriminating faces that differ in the spacing of features, but not in feature shape (Le Grand et al. [2001] Nature 410: 810). We investigated whether these deficits are specific to human faces by testing patients' ability to discriminate between stimuli differing only in feature spacing in human and monkey faces (Experiment 1) and in houses (Experiment 2). Patients, as a group, showed deficits on only one task: they had lower accuracy than normal in discriminating feature spacing in human faces. In contrast, they were normal in discriminating feature spacing in monkey faces and in houses. The results suggest that early visual experience is necessary to set up (or preserve) the neural architecture used for processing human faces, but not for processing objects in general. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 775–781, 2010.
Photoperiodic differences in a forebrain nucleus involved in vocal plasticity: Enkephalin immunoreactivity reveals volumetric variation in song nucleus lMAN but not NIf in male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris)
Authors: Stevenson Tyler J. , Ball Gregory F. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeasonal variation in the volume of various song control nuclei in many passerine species remains one of the best examples of naturally occurring adult neuroplasticity among vertebrates. The lateral portion of the magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (lMAN) is a song nucleus that is important for song learning and seems to be critical for inducing variability in the song structure that is later pruned via a feedback process to produce adult crystallized song. To date, lMAN has not been shown to exhibit seasonal changes in volume, probably because it is difficult to resolve the boundaries of lMAN when employing histological methods based on Nissl staining. Here, lMANcorevolumes were examined in intact photostimulated (i.e., breeding), castrated photostimulated and photorefractory (i.e., nonbreeding) male starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to investigate the degree of seasonal variation in brain morphology. We present data demonstrating that the volumes of the total MAN and lMANcoredelineated by enkephalin immunoreactivity are greater in photostimulated male starlings as compared to photorefractory males. Moreover, two other regions associated with the song system that have not been investigated previously in the context of seasonal plasticity namely (i) the medial portion of MAN (mMAN), and (ii) the nucleus interfacialis (NIf) did not display significant volumetric variation. We propose that greater lMANcorevolumes are associated with the increase in vocal plasticity that is generally observed prior to production of stereotyped song. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 751–763, 2010
Developmental changes in neural corticosteroid receptor binding capacity in altricial nestlings
Authors: Wada Haruka , Breuner Creagh W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAltricial nestlings typically do not show an adrenocortical response during the early post‐hatch period. This may be a result of an immature hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, or an enhanced control of the axis by negative feedback. To examine whether the dampened adrenocortical response is due to higher receptor densities in hypothalamus and hippocampus, the major sites for negative feedback and tonic inhibition, we explored the ontogenetic changes in glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) binding capacities in the brain of white‐crowned sparrow nestlings. During the 10‐day nestling period, MR binding capacity decreased with age, whereas GR capacity was not affected. In addition, this overall decline in MR levels was driven entirely by a decline in cerebellar MR. No age‐related changes were observed in hippocampal or hypothalamic areas. Our findings suggest that enhanced negative feedback does not play a major role in the attenuated adrenocortical responses seen in white‐crowned sparrow nestlings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70: 853–861, 2010
Immature astrocytes promote CNS axonal regeneration when combined with chondroitinase ABC
Authors: Filous Angela R. , Miller Jared H. , Coulson‐Thomas Yvette M. , Horn Kevin P. , Alilain Warren J. , Silver Jerry 
Published: July 2010

AbstractRegeneration of injured adult CNS axons is inhibited by formation of a glial scar. Immature astrocytes are able to support robust neurite outgrowth and reduce scarring, therefore, we tested whether these cells would have this effect if transplanted into brain injuries. Utilizing an in vitro spot gradient model that recreates the strongly inhibitory proteoglycan environment of the glial scar we found that, alone, immature, but not mature, astrocytes had a limited ability to form bridges across the most inhibitory outer rim. In turn, the astrocyte bridges could promote adult sensory axon re‐growth across the gradient. The use of selective enzyme inhibitors revealed that MMP‐2 enables immature astrocytes to cross the proteoglycan rim. The bridge‐building process and axon regeneration across the immature glial bridges were greatly enhanced by chondroitinase ABC pretreatment of the spots. We used microlesions in the cingulum of the adult rat brains to test the ability of matrix modification and immature astrocytes to form a bridge for axon regeneration in vivo. Injured axons were visualized via p75 immunolabeling and the extent to which these axons regenerated was quantified. Immature astrocytes coinjected with chondroitinase ABC‐induced axonal regeneration beyond the distal edge of the lesion. However, when used alone, neither treatment was capable of promoting axonal regeneration. Our findings indicate that when faced with a minimal lesion, neurons of the basal forebrain can regenerate in the presence of a proper bridge across the lesion and when levels of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the glial scar are reduced. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Develop Neurobiol 70: 826–841, 2010
In vitro and in vivo characterization of Caenorhabditis elegans PHA‐4/FoxA response elements
Authors: Raharjo Wahyu Hendrati , Logan Brittany C. , Wen Shoubin , Kalb John M. , Gaudet Jeb 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans PHA‐4 is a member of the FoxA group of transcription factors. PHA‐4 is critical for development of the C. elegans pharynx and directly regulates most or all pharyngeal genes. The consensus binding site of PHA‐4 has not been identified, with previous analysis of PHA‐4 targets relying on the mammalian FoxA consensus. Here, we use in vitro and in vivo analyses to demonstrate three features of PHA‐4 response elements. First, the PHA‐4 consensus matches that of other FoxA proteins, but only a subset of possible sites is active in an in vivo assay. Second, sequence flanking the core PHA‐4 site can influence the strength of reporter expression in vivo, as seen for other Fox proteins. Third, in the context of some pharyngeal promoters, PHA‐4 response elements are flanked by distinct cis‐regulatory elements that modulate response to PHA‐4, generating gene expression in specific pharyngeal cell types. Developmental Dynamics 239:NA–NA, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inducible lineage tracing of Pax7‐descendant cells reveals embryonic origin of adult satellite cells
Authors: Lepper Christoph , Fan Chen‐Ming 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDescendants of E9.5 Pax7‐expressing (in red, β‐gal+) central dermomyotome cells contribute to myofibers (in green, MF‐20+, a myosin heavy chain protein) in the E16.5 mouse embryo. Nuclei are blue (DAPI). The β‐gal+/MF‐20_ cells that are intermingled with myofibers are likely myogenic progenitors. See the article by Lepper and Fan in this issue.
Simulation in maize–water relations: a case study for continental climate (Hungary)
Authors: Anda Angela , Dióssy László 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLocal consequences of the global climate change in the Carpathian Basin were followed on the basis of simulated stomatal resistances. The Crop Microclimate Simulation Model of Goudriaan was applied in our study. The expected weather, plant and soil modifications were based on long‐term observations during the time period 1961–1990 in the Keszthely area (Hungary, N 46°44′, E 17°14′; altitude 112 m). Besides application of the A2 and B2 SRES scenarios, the impact of extreme hot days was also included in the study. This was necessary as these events have recently occurred more and more frequently. Demonstration of weather scenarios with relatively high warming rates was made possible by the high resolution of the model, simulating even daily changes. The stomatal resistance significantly increased in all scenarios, as was indeed experienced in the last decade (1997–2006). A twofold increase in CO2 concentration approximately halves stomatal openings even under unchanged weather conditions. This can be considered as an advantageous side effect of the global climate change on the plant's water balance, important in continental climate because of scarce precipitation. In Scenarios A2 and B2, increases in resistance were close to the effect of doubled CO2 concentration. Surprisingly, the effect of an increase in the number of extreme hot days on stomatal resistance was moderate, below than what might have been expected. The common impact of the environmental and biological factors on stomatal resistance was realized using normalized leaf area indices, where the highest increases were predicted by using the hottest and driest scenario. Moderate changes in water loss and photosynthesis indicated a certain amount of available soil moisture reserve even in the extreme weather situations in July, at Keszthely. Decrease in carbon assimilation can occur in days with extreme temperatures. Our scenarios do not include significant precipitation decline because of forecast uncertainties. A significant precipitation decrease would fundamentally reshape our results, so we do not propose to extend our conclusions in the case of significant modification in rainfall amount or distribution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycosylation contributes to variability in expression of murine cytomegalovirus m157 and enhances stability of interaction with the NK‐cell receptor Ly49H
Authors: Guseva Natalya V. , Fullenkamp Colleen A. , Naumann Paul W. , Shey Michael R. , Ballas Zuhair K. , Houtman Jon C. D. , Forbes Catherine A. , Scalzo Anthony A. , Heusel Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNK cell‐mediated resistance to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is controlled by allelic Ly49 receptors, including activating Ly49H (C57BL/6 strain) and inhibitory Ly49I (129 strain), which specifically recognize MCMV m157, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐linked protein with homology to MHC class I. Although the Ly49 receptors retain significant homology to classic carbohydrate‐binding lectins, the role of glycosylation in ligand binding is unclear. Herein, we show that m157 is expressed in multiple, differentially N‐glycosylated isoforms in m157‐transduced or MCMV‐infected cells. We used site‐directed mutagenesis to express single and combinatorial asparagine (N)‐to‐glutamine (Q) mutations at N178, N187, N213, and N267 in myeloid and fibroblast cell lines. Progressive loss of N‐linked glycans led to a significant reduction of total cellular m157 abundance, although all variably glycosylated m157 isoforms were expressed at the cell surface and retained the capacity to activate Ly49HB6 and Ly49I129 reporter cells and Ly49H+ NK cells. However, the complete lack of N‐linked glycans on m157 destabilized the m157‐Ly49H interaction and prevented physical transfer of m157 to Ly49H‐expressing cells. Thus, glycosylation on m157 enhances expression and binding to Ly49H, factors that may impact the interaction between NK cells and MCMV in vivo where receptor–ligand interactions are more limiting.
Allergen‐specific naïve and memory CD4+ T cells exhibit functional and phenotypic differences between individuals with or without allergy
Authors: Kinnunen Tuure , Nieminen Anssi , Kwok William W. , Närvänen Ale , Rytkönen‐Nissinen Marja , Saarelainen Soili , Taivainen Antti , Virtanen Tuomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAlthough allergen‐specific CD4+ T cells are detectable in the peripheral blood of both individuals with or without allergy, their frequencies and phenotypes within the memory as well as naïve repertoires are incompletely known. Here, we analyzed the DRB1*0401‐restricted responses of peripheral blood‐derived memory (CD4+CD45RO+) and naïve (CD4+CD45RA+) T cells from subjects with or without allergy against the immunodominant epitope of the major cow dander allergen Bos d 2 by HLA class II tetramers in vitro. The frequency of Bos d 2127–142‐specific memory T cells in the peripheral blood‐derived cultures appeared to be higher in subjects with allergy than those without, whereas naïve Bos d 2127–142‐specific T cells were detectable in the cultures of both groups at nearly the same frequency. Surprisingly, the TCR avidity of Bos d 2127–142‐specific T cells of naïve origin, as assessed by the intensity of HLA class II tetramer staining, was found to be higher in individuals with allergy. Upon restimulation, long‐term Bos d 2127–142‐specific T‐cell lines generated from both memory and naïve T‐cell pools from individuals with allergy proliferated more strongly, produced more IL‐4 and IL‐10, and expressed higher levels of CD25 but lower levels of CXCR3 than the T‐cell lines from individuals without allergy, demonstrating differences also at the functional level. Collectively, our current results suggest that not only the memory but also the naïve allergen‐specific T‐cell repertoires differ between individuals with or without allergy.
HCV‐specific T cells in HCV/HIV co‐infection show elevated frequencies of dual Tim‐3/PD‐1 expression that correlate with liver disease progression
Authors: Vali Bahareh , Jones R. Brad , Sakhdari Ali , Sheth Prameet M. , Clayton Kiera , Yue Feng‐Yun , Gyenes Gabor , Wong David , Klein Marina B. , Saeed Sahar , Benko Erika , Kovacs Colin , Kaul Rupert , Ostrowski Mario A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractCo‐infection of HCV with HIV has been associated with more rapid progression of HCV‐related disease. HCV‐specific T‐cell immune responses, which are essential for disease control, are attenuated in co‐infection with HIV. T‐cell exhaustion has recently been implicated in the deficient control of chronic viral infections. In the current study, we investigated the role of programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing molecule‐3 (Tim‐3) expression in T‐cell exhaustion during HCV/HIV co‐infection. We show that in HCV/HIV co‐infection, both total and HCV‐specific T cells co‐express Tim‐3 and PD‐1 in significantly higher frequencies, compared with HCV mono‐infection. Co‐expression of these two markers on HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells positively correlated with a clinical parameter of liver disease progression. HCV‐specific CD8+ T cells showed greater frequencies of Tim‐3/PD‐1 co‐expression than HIV‐specific CD8+ T cells, which may indicate a greater degree of exhaustion in the former. Blocking Tim‐3 or PD‐1 pathways restored both HIV‐ and HCV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell expansion in the blood of co‐infected individuals. These data demonstrate that co‐expression of Tim‐3 and PD‐1 may play a significant role in HCV‐specific T‐cell dysfunction, especially in the setting of HIV co‐infection.
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor reveals distinct requirements for IL‐22 and IL‐17 production by human T helper cells
Authors: Ramirez Jean‐Marie , Brembilla Nicolò C. , Sorg Olivier , Chicheportiche Rachel , Matthes Thomas , Dayer Jean‐Michel , Saurat Jean‐Hilaire , Roosnek Eddy , Chizzolini Carlo 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLigands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a transcription factor mediating the effects of dioxin, favor Th17 differentiation and exacerbate autoimmunity in mice. We investigated how AHR ligands affected human T‐cell polarization. We found that the high affinity and stable AHR‐ligand dioxin as well as the natural AHR‐ligand 6‐formylinolo[3,2‐b] carbazole induced the downstream AHR‐target cytochrome P450A1, and without affecting IFN‐γ, they enhanced IL‐22 while simultaneously decreasing IL‐17A production by CD4+ T cells. The specific AHR‐inhibitor CH‐223191 abolished these effects. Furthermore, blockade of IL‐23 and IL‐1, important for Th17 expansion, profoundly decreased IL‐17A but not IL‐22 production. AHR agonists reduced the expression of the Th17 master transcription factor retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor C (RORC), without affecting T‐bet, GATA‐3 and Foxp3. They also decreased the expression of the IL‐23 receptor. Importantly, AHR‐ligation did not only decrease the number of Th17 cells but also primed naïve CD4+ T cells to produce IL‐22 without IL‐17 and IFN‐γ. Furthermore, IL‐22 single producers did not express CD161, which distinguished them from the CD161+ Th17 cells. Hence, our data provide compelling evidence that AHR activation participates in shaping human CD4+ T‐cell polarization favoring the emergence of a distinct subset of IL‐22‐producing cells that are independent from the Th17 lineage.