bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random network coding‐based optimal scheme for perfect wireless packet retransmission problems
Authors: Gao Zhenguo , Xiang Weidong , Zhao Yunlong , Zhao Jing , Cai Shaobin , Pan Wu , Jiang Hua , Wang Huiqiang 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTSolving wireless packet retransmission problems (WPRTPs) using network coding (NC) approach is increasingly attracting research efforts. However, existing researches are almost all focused on solutions in Galois field GF(2), and consequently, the solutions found by these schemes are usually less optimal. In this paper, we focus on optimal NC‐based scheme for perfect WPRTPs (P‐WPRTPs) where, with respect to each receiver, a packet is either requested by or already known to it. The number of retransmitted packets in optimal NC‐based solutions to P‐WPRTPs is firstly analyzed and proved. Then, random network coding‐based optimal scheme (RNCOPT) is proposed for P‐WRPTPs. RNCOPT is optimal in the sense that it guarantees to obtain a valid solution with minimum number of packet retransmissions. Furthermore, in RNCOPT, each coding vector is generated using a publicly known pseudorandom function with a randomly selected seed. The seed, instead of the coding vector, is used as decoding information to be retransmitted together with the coded packet. Thus, packet overhead of RNCOPT is reduced further. Extensive simulations show that RNCOPT distinctively outperforms some previous typical schemes for P‐WPRTPs in saving the number of retransmitted packets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The N‐Classification for Esophageal Cancer Staging: Should it be Based on Number, Distance, or Extent of the Lymph Node Metastasis?
Authors: Xu Qi‐Rong , Zhuge Xue‐Peng , Zhang He‐Lin , Ping Yu‐Min , Chen Long‐Qi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe recently published AJCC‐TNM staging system for esophageal carcinoma made an obvious modification on N‐classification based on the number of metastatic regional lymph nodes (LN). However, this classification might ignore the site at which these LNs occur, a factor that might be even more important in reflecting patients’ prognosis.MethodsA retrospective study of 236 patients with carcinoma of thoracic esophagus who underwent esophagectomy between 1984 and 1989 with each at least six LNs removed was conducted, with a 10‐year follow‐up rate of 92.4%. The proposed scheme for N‐classification according to the number (0, 1–2, 3–6, ≥7; N0–3), distance (0, 1, 2, 3 stations; S0–3), or extent (0, 1, and 2 fields; F0–2) of LN involvement was evaluated by univariate and multivariate survival analysis.ResultsThe LN metastasis was identified in 112 patients, revealing a poorer 5‐year survival in this patient group when compared to patients without node involvement. Cox regression analysis revealed that the number and distance of LN metastases and the number of metastasis fields were factors significantly influencing survival. When these factors were further analyzed by univariate log‐rank test, no significant difference in survival existed between N2 and N3 patients, or among S1, S2, and S3 patients. When patients were grouped according to the extent of LN metastasis, significant differences in survival were observed overall and between each subgroup.ConclusionsRefining the current N‐classification for esophageal cancer according to the extent of LN metastasis, rather than by number alone, might be a better means of staging that could subgroup patients more effectively and result in different rates of survival.
How Radical Should Surgery Be for Early Esophageal Cancer?
Authors: Bogoevski Dean , Bockhorn Maximilian , Koenig Alexandra , Reeh Matthias , von Loga Katharina , Sauter Guido , Rösch Thomas , Izbicki Jakob R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundWe have compared the oncologic effectiveness of limited resection (LR) techniques such as transhiatal (TH) or limited resection of the esophagogastric junction with intestinal interposition (LREGJ) in the treatment of early esophageal carcinoma with that of the extended resection such as the classical thoracoabdominal (TA) en bloc esophagectomy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 113 patients with T1 esophageal cancer (57 adeno‐ and 56 squamous cell carcinomas) who had surgical resection with systematic lymphadenectomy. Forty‐one underwent extensive (TA) and 72 limited resection (51 TH and 21 LREGJ).ResultsComplete resection (R0) was achieved in all cases. Lymphatic metastases were seen in none of the mucosal but in 26.8% of the submucosal T1 cancers. The median lymph node yield was significantly higher in patients with extensive resection (24 vs. 15 lymph nodes; p = 0.036), but this did not affect the overall survival (median = 88 vs. 102 months, 5‐year survival probability = 57.8 vs. 67.7%; log rank = 0.578). The median hospital stay and ICU stay were significantly shorter in the LR group (p = 0.039 and p = 0.044, respectively).ConclusionLimited resection leads to lower lymph node yield but similar oncologic effectiveness as the extensive surgery. It may represent a valuable alternative in the treatment of patients with early (submucosal) esophageal carcinoma.
Gene expression analysis for predicting gemcitabine resistance in human cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sato Jun , Kimura Takashi , Saito Takuro , Anazawa Takayuki , Kenjo Akira , Sato Yoshihiro , Tsuchiya Takao , Gotoh Mitsukazu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundGemcitabine is a promising drug for cholangiocarcinoma treatment. However, the kinetics and metabolism of this drug in cholangiocarcinoma treatment are not well defined. We aimed to investigate the potential clinical role of gemcitabine metabolism‐related genes in the gemcitabine sensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma and identify and characterize novel gemcitabine resistance‐related genes.MethodsExpressions of genes related to gemcitabine sensitivity and gemcitabine metabolism were measured in 10 cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, and the association between gene expression and gemcitabine sensitivity was evaluated. Furthermore, gemcitabine‐resistant cell lines were established from YSCCC cells and subjected to genome‐wide microarray analysis. The 2‐fold upregulated and downregulated genes were then subjected to pathway analysis.Resultsp53R2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in gemcitabine‐resistant cell lines (IC50 > 1000 nM), and all subunits of ribonucleotide reductase were upregulated in the established gemcitabine‐resistant cell lines. Microarray analysis revealed that the upregulated genes in the resistant cells belonged to the glutathione and pyrimidine metabolism pathways, and that the downregulated genes belonged to theN‐glycan biosynthesis pathway.ConclusionsIncreased expression of p53R2 may predict gemcitabine resistance, and upregulated RNR activity may influence gemcitabine resistance in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Glutathione pathway‐related genes were induced by continuous exposure to gemcitabine and may contribute to gemcitabine resistance.
Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activity Behavior of Phospholipids in Stripped Soybean Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Cardenia Vladimiro , Waraho Thaddao , Rodriguez‐Estrada Maria Teresa , Julian McClements D. , Decker Eric A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhospholipids have been reported to inhibit lipid oxidation in bulk oils, but very little is known about their influence on oxidation in oil‐in‐water emulsions. In the present study, the impact of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) on lipid oxidation was studied in 1% stripped soybean oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions as a function of DOPC concentration and pH (3 and 7). At pH 7.0, DOPC inhibited lipid oxidation in O/W emulsions, while DOPC was prooxidative at pH 3.0. DOPC did not affect emulsion droplet charge or size at either pH 3.0 or 7.0. The antioxidant activity at pH 7.0 was observed in a series of phospholipids (PL) that varied in fatty acid unsaturation level and chain length as well as type of phosphate head group. Overall, phosphatidylcholine with either oleic or palmitic acid were the most effective at inhibiting lipid hydroperoxide and hexanal formation of all of the PL tested. Antioxidant mechanism of PL could not be ascribed to their ability to decompose lipid hydroperoxides. It might be possible that, at pH 7.0, the PL antioxidant activity is related to their ability to form structures within the lipid phase of the emulsions droplets or to chelate metals.
The use of X-ray at 5 months in a selective screening programme for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Price Kathryn R. , Dove Rosemary , Hunter James B. 
Published: March 2011

Background The methods used for any screening programme for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) can be controversial. This was an opportunistic audit of our selective ultrasound screening programme using an X-ray at 5 months to prevent inappropriate discharge due to the learning curve of ultrasound. Methods Between 1990 and 2004 in Nottingham, UK, out of a total population of 108,500 births, approximately 11,500 neonates were screened using ultrasound. Any child with an ultrasound scan showing Graf α-angles greater than 60° (Graf Type I) with the hip in joint were discharged from the clinic. All of those discharged were subsequently X-rayed at 5 months in order to cover the learning curve of ultrasound. The X-rays were reviewed by a consultant radiologist and referred back to orthopaedics if there was lateralisation of the femoral head or an acetabular index above 30°. Results Of approximately 11,000 X-rays performed, only 53 patients were referred back to orthopaedics, of which 47 had a complete data set. Of these 47 children, only 8 (17%) required intervention. On review of the original ultrasounds, Graf's α-angle did not seem to correlate well with the need for intervention, as all were Type I hips. The femoral head cover (FHC) appeared to be more predictive of the need for treatment. There have been no late presentations to our unit of DDH following a normal 5-month X-ray. Conclusions We now check the Graf α-angle, FHC and dynamic stability in the ultrasound assessment and only perform X-ray at 5 months if there was a low α-angle or low FHC. Since this change, there have been no late presentations of DDH from the population screened by ultrasound.
Effects on weight gain and gut microbiota in rats given bacterial supplements and a high-energy-dense diet from fetal life through to 6 months of age
Authors: Karlsson Caroline L. J. , Molin Göran , Fåk Frida , Johansson Hagslätt Marie-Louise , Jakesevic Maja , Håkansson Åsa , Jeppsson Bengt , Weström Björn , Ahrné Siv 
Published: March 2011

The aim of the present study was to assess the long-term effects of a high-energy-dense diet, supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) or Escherichiacoli (Ec), on weight gain, fattening and the gut microbiota in rats. Since the mother's dietary habits can influence offspring physiology, dietary regimens started with the dams at pregnancy and throughout lactation and continued with the offspring for 6 months. The weight gain of group Lp was lower than that of groups C (control) and Ec (P = 0·086). More retroperitoneal adipose tissue (P = 0·030) and higher plasma leptin (P = 0·035) were observed in group Ec compared with group Lp. The viable count of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in group Ec than in group Lp (P = 0·019), and when all animals were compared, Enterobacteriaceae correlated positively with body weight (r 0·428, P = 0·029). Bacterial diversity was lower in group Ec than in groups C (P ≤ 0·05) and Lp (P ≤ 0·05). Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia dominated in all groups, but Bacteroidetes were more prevalent in group C than in groups Lp (P = 0·036) and Ec (P = 0·056). The same five bacterial families dominated the microbiota of groups Ec and C, and four of these were also present in group Lp. The other five families dominating in group Lp were not found in any of the other groups. Multivariate data analysis pointed in the same directions as the univariate statistics. The present results suggest that supplementation of L. plantarum or E. coli can have long-term effects on the composition of the intestinal microbiota, as well as on weight gain and fattening.
Generalizations of Clausen's Formula and algebraic transformations of Calabi–Yau differential equations
Authors: Almkvist Gert , van Straten Duco , Zudilin Wadim 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe provide certain unusual generalizations of Clausen's and Orr's theorems for solutions of fourth-order and fifth-order generalized hypergeometric equations. As an application, we present several examples of algebraic transformations of Calabi–Yau differential equations.
Desmoplastic fibroma of the vidian canal in a child: case report
Authors: Peridis S , Moonim M T , Roberts D , Al-Sarraj S , Hopkins C 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction:To present a case of a child with a desmoplastic fibroma of the vidian canal, compressing the vidian nerve.Case report:A 12-year-old girl with several years' history of right-sided facial pain was referred to our institution. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans showed an expansile mass involving the right vidian canal. The patient underwent a complete endoscopic surgical resection aided by the FusionTM ENT navigation system. This was performed through a transnasal, trans-septal, trans-sphenoidal route via the right nostril, and achieved macroscopic clearance with minimal peri-operative morbidity. A biopsy of the lesion showed a fibro-osseous lesion consistent with desmoplastic fibroma.Conclusion:Diagnosis and resection of this rare lesion at an earlier stage would have avoided delays in resolving the child's disabling pain. This emphasises the importance of early referral of unusual cases to tertiary centres.
Health technology assessment in the era of personalized health care
Authors: Becla Lidia , Lunshof Jeantine E. , Gurwitz David , Schulte in den Bäumen Tobias , Westerhoff Hans V. , Lange Bodo M. H. , Brand Angela 
Published: March 2011

Objectives: This article examines the challenges for health technology assessment (HTA) in the light of new developments of personalized health care, focusing on European HTA perspectives.Methods: Using the example of the Integrated Genome Research Network – Mutanom (IG Mutanom) project, with focus on personalized cancer diagnostics and treatment, we assess the scope of current HTA and examine it prospectively in the context of the translation of basic and clinical research into public health genomics and personalized health care.Results: The approaches developed within the IG-Mutanom project are based on innovative technology potentially providing targeted therapies for cancer; making translation into clinical practice requires a novel course of action, however. New models of HTA are needed that can account for the unique types of evidence inherent to individualized targeted therapies. Using constructive health technology assessment (CTA) models is an option, but further suitable models should be developed.Conclusions: Integrative, systems biology-based approaches toward personalized medicine call for novel assessment methods. The translation of their highly innovative technologies into the practice of health care requires the development of new HTA concepts.
Unsupervised lexicon induction for clause-level detection of evaluations
Authors: KANAYAMA HIROSHI , NASUKAWA TETSUYA 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis article proposesclause-level evaluation detection, which is a fine-grained type of opinion mining, and describes an unsupervised lexicon building method for capturing domain-specific knowledge by leveraging the similar polarities of sentiments between adjacent clauses. The lexical entries to be acquired are calledpolar atoms, the minimum human-understandable syntactic structures that specify the polarity of clauses. As a hint to obtain candidate polar atoms, we usecontext coherency, the tendency for the same polarity to appear successively in a context. Using the overall density and precision of coherency in the corpus, the statistical estimation picks up appropriate polar atoms from among the candidates, without any manual tuning of the threshold values. The experimental results show that the precision of polarity assignment with the automatically acquired lexicon was 83 per cent on average, and our method is robust for corpora in diverse domains and for the size of the initial lexicon.
Prävalenz von Kindesmisshandlung und -vernachlässigung in Deutschland
Authors: Pillhofer Melanie , Ziegenhain Ute , Nandi Corina , Fegert Jörg M. , Goldbeck Lutz 
Published: March 2011

Die Prävention von Vernachlässigung und Misshandlung wird seit einigen Jahren in Deutschland verstärkt diskutiert. Um mangels direkt aussagefähiger Daten auf nationaler Ebene indirekte Hinweise auf die Häufigkeit von Kindeswohlgefährdungen in Deutschland zu erhalten, wurden sowohl die öffentlich verfügbaren Statistiken als auch empirische Dunkelfeldstudien ausgewertet. Während sich die jährlich angezeigten Straftaten unterhalb der 1‰-Grenze bewegen, sprechen retrospektive Befragungen von Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen für Lebenszeitprävalenzen >10 %. Aus den verfügbaren Quellen ergeben sich keine gesicherten Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich Verbreitung und längsschnittlicher Entwicklung der verschiedenen Misshandlungsphänomene. Die Etablierung einer nationalen Strategie zur Erfassung der Prävalenzdaten wie in angloamerikanischen und anderen europäischen Ländern wäre daher sehr wünschenswert.
Zusammenhang zwischen interpersoneller Traumatisierung, auffälligem Bindungsverhalten und psychischer Belastung bei Pflegekindern
Authors: Pérez Tania , Di Gallo Alain , Schmeck Klaus , Schmid Marc 
Published: March 2011

Pflegekinder vereinen häufig frühkindliche Traumatisierung und vielfältige andere psychosoziale und biologische Risikofaktoren auf sich. Insbesondere die weite Verbreitung von Bindungsstörungen bei Pflegekindern wird oft als eine Folge der belastenden Beziehungserfahrungen in ihren Ursprungsfamilien beschrieben. Im Rahmen einer epidemiologischen Untersuchung an 394 Pflegekindern wurden traumatische Lebenserfahrungen mit dem Essener Trauma-Inventar für Kinder (ETI-KJ-F) im Fremdurteil und das Bindungsverhalten mit der deutschen Übersetzung des Relationship Problems Questionnaire (RPQ) erfasst. Zudem wurde die Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) vorgegeben. In diesen Analysen gingen die Ergebnisse von 275 Pflegekindern im Altersbereich zwischen 5 und 16 Jahren ein (Durchschnittsalter 10.98 Jahre; SD = 3.26). 69 % der Pflegeeltern berichten, dass die von ihnen betreuten Kinder mindestens ein interpersonelles traumatisches Ereignis durchlebt haben. Berechnet man Mittelwertsunterschiede zwischen Gruppen mit und ohne interpersoneller Traumatisierung, zeigen sich, kontrolliert für Alter, Geschlecht, Dauer des Pflegeverhältnisses und Anzahl Betreuungswechsel, signifikante Unterschiede bezüglich dem Ausmaß von Bindungsproblemen und psychopathologischen Symptomen in der CBCL, wobei sich diese insbesondere beim gehemmten Bindungsverhalten und im internalisierenden Problemverhalten zeigen. Die Zahl der Betreuungswechsel hat auf diese Variablen ebenfalls einen entscheidenden Einfluss. Die große Traumabelastung von Pflegekindern in ihren Ursprungsfamilien und deren enger Zusammenhang mit der Bindungssentwicklung und Psychopathologie zeigt, wie wichtig eine „traumasensible“ Hilfeplanung sowie eine entsprechende Beratung und Weiterbildung der Pflegeeltern sind.
Indizierte Prävention internalisierender Störungen
Authors: Pauschardt Jan , Eimecke Sylvia Dorothee , Mattejat Fritz 
Published: March 2011

Die vorliegende Studie überprüft die Wirksamkeit eines kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Präventionsprogramms für Kinder mit internalisierenden Symptomen. Eine modifizierte Version der deutschen Bearbeitung des australischen Programms FRIENDS wurde im indizierten Präventionskontext angewendet und unter Verwendung eines Wartelistendesigns mit Eigenkontrollgruppe evaluiert. 81 Kinder (42 Jungen, 39 Mädchen) im Alter von acht bis 12 Jahren nahmen teil. Sowohl das Elternurteil (CBCL), als auch das Selbsturteil der Kinder (SCAS, DIKJ) wurden zur Wirksamkeitsüberprüfung herangezogen. Die Datenerhebungen erfolgten zu drei Zeitpunkten (drei Monate vor Beginn sowie unmittelbar vor und nach der Intervention). Die Ergebnisse sprechen für die Effektivität des Programms; die internalisierenden Symptome der Kinder reduzierten sich während der Intervention signifikant stärker als während der Wartezeit. Mittlere Effektstärken zeigten sich sowohl aus Elternsicht (d = .72), als auch aus Kindersicht (d = .55).
Welche Probleme berichten Jugendliche mit selbstverletzendem Verhalten?
Authors: Vonderlin Eva , Haffner Johann , Behrend Barbara , Brunner Romuald , Parzer Peter , Resch Franz 
Published: March 2011

In der epidemiologisch angelegten Heidelberger Schulstudie wurden Jugendliche der 9. Klassen (n = 5832) per Fragebogen nach ihrer Lebenssituation, dem körperlichen und psychischen Befinden, sowie nach Risikoverhalten und Belastungen gefragt. Von diesen berichteten 4 % mehrmaliges selbstverletzendes Verhalten. Darunter befanden sich mehr Mädchen, sowie häufiger Schüler aus Haupt- und Realschulen, aber seltener Jugendliche mit nichtdeutscher Staatsangehörigkeit. Weiterhin wurde untersucht, welche Problembereiche diese selbstverletzenden Teilnehmer (n = 220) in offenen Fragen im Vergleich zu einer nach Geschlecht und Schulform parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe angaben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Beziehungsprobleme in der Familie, sowie mit Gleichaltrigen im Vordergrund stehen. Selbstwertprobleme und Alkohol- bzw. Drogenkonsum wurden von den Selbstverletzern häufiger genannt, ebenso Verlust- und Gewalterfahrungen. In präventiver und therapeutischer Hinsicht erscheinen daher unterstützende Maßnahmen zur Beziehungs- und Interaktionsgestaltung von zentraler Bedeutung.
Bonding changes in hot fluid hydrogen at megabar pressures
Authors: Subramanian Natarajan , Goncharov Alexander F. , Struzhkin Viktor V. , Somayazulu Maddury , Hemley Russell J. 
Published: March 2011

Raman spectroscopy in laser-heated diamond anvil cells has been employed to probe the bonding state and phase diagram of dense hydrogen up to 140 GPa and 1,500 K. The measurements were made possible as a result of the development of new techniques for containing and probing the hot, dense fluid, which is of fundamental importance in physics, planetary science, and astrophysics. A pronounced discontinuous softening of the molecular vibron was found at elevated temperatures along with a large broadening and decrease in intensity of the roton bands. These phenomena indicate the existence of a state of the fluid having significantly modified intramolecular bonding. The results are consistent with the existence of a pressure-induced transformation in the fluid related to the presence of a temperature maximum in the melting line as a function of pressure.