bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered cell homing
Authors: Sarkar Debanjan , Spencer Joel A. , Phillips Joseph A. , Zhao Weian , Schafer Sebastian , Spelke Dawn P. , Mortensen Luke J. , Ruiz Juan P. , Vemula Praveen Kumar , Sridharan Rukmani , Kumar Sriram , Karnik Rohit , Lin Charles P. , Karp Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in cell therapy is to minimally invasively deliver a large quantity of viable cells to a tissue of interest with high engraftment efficiency. Low and inefficient homing of systemically delivered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), for example, is thought to be a major limitation of existing MSC-based therapeutic approaches, caused predominantly by inadequate expression of cell surface adhesion receptors. Using a platform approach that preserves the MSC phenotype and does not require genetic manipulation, we modified the surface of MSCs with a nanometer-scale polymer construct containing sialyl Lewisx (sLex) that is found on the surface of leukocytes and mediates cell rolling within inflamed tissue. The sLex engineered MSCs exhibited a robust rolling response on inflamed endothelium in vivo and homed to inflamed tissue with higher efficiency compared with native MSCs. The modular approach described herein offers a simple method to potentially target any cell type to specific tissues via the circulation.
Estimating hybridization in the presence of coalescence using phylogenetic intraspecific sampling
Authors: Gerard David , Gibbs H Lisle , Kubatko Laura 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundA well-known characteristic of multi-locus data is that each locus has its own phylogenetic history which may differ substantially from the overall phylogenetic history of the species. Although the possibility that this arises through incomplete lineage sorting is often incorporated in models for the species-level phylogeny, it is much less common for hybridization to also be formally included in such models.ResultsWe have modified the evolutionary model of Meng and Kubatko (2009) to incorporate intraspecific sampling of multiple individuals for estimation of speciation times and times of hybridization events for testing for hybridization in the presence of incomplete lineage sorting. We have also utilized a more efficient algorithm for obtaining our estimates. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our approach performs well under conditions motivated by an empirical data set forSistrurusrattlesnakes where putative hybridization has occurred. We further demonstrate that the method is able to accurately detect the signature of hybridization in the data, while this signal may be obscured when other species-tree inference methods that ignore hybridization are used.ConclusionsOur approach is shown to be powerful in detecting hybridization when it is present. When applied to theSistrurusdata, we find no evidence of hybridization; instead, it appears that putative hybrid snakes in Missouri are most likely pureS. catenatus tergeminusin origin, which has significant conservation implications.
Whale phylogeny and rapid radiation events revealed using novel retroposed elements and their flanking sequences
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Xu Shixia , Zhou Kaiya , Yang Guang 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBackgroundA diversity of hypotheses have been proposed based on both morphological and molecular data to reveal phylogenetic relationships within the order Cetacea (dolphins, porpoises, and whales), and great progress has been made in the past two decades. However, there is still some controversy concerning relationships among certain cetacean taxa such as river dolphins and delphinoid species, which needs to be further addressed with more markers in an effort to address unresolved portions of the phylogeny.ResultsAn analysis of additional SINE insertions and SINE-flanking sequences supported the monophyly of the order Cetacea as well as Odontocete, Delphinoidea (Delphinidae + Phocoenidae + Mondontidae), and Delphinidae. A sister relationship between Delphinidae and Phocoenidae + Mondontidae was supported, and members of classical river dolphins and the generaTursiopsandStenellawere found to be paraphyletic. Estimates of divergence times revealed rapid divergences of basal Odontocete lineages in the Oligocene and Early Miocene, and a recent rapid diversification of Delphinidae in the Middle-Late Miocene and Pliocene within a narrow time frame.ConclusionsSeveral novel SINEs were found to differentiate Delphinidae from the other two families (Monodontidae and Phocoenidae), whereas the sister grouping of the latter two families with exclusion of Delphinidae was further revealed using the SINE-flanking sequences. Interestingly, some anomalous PCR amplification patterns of SINE insertions were detected, which can be explained as the result of potential ancestral SINE polymorphisms and incomplete lineage sorting. Although a few loci were potentially anomalous, this study demonstrated that the SINE-based approach is a powerful tool in phylogenetic studies. Identifying additional SINE elements that resolve the relationships in the superfamily Delphinoidea and family Delphinidae will be important steps forward in completely resolving cetacean phylogenetic relationships in the future.
Metastatic breast cancer cells inhibit osteoblast differentiation through the Runx2/CBFβ-dependent expression of the Wnt antagonist, sclerostin
Authors: Mendoza-Villanueva Daniel , Zeef Leo , Shore Paul 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Introduction
Breast cancers frequently metastasise to the skeleton where they cause osteolytic bone destruction by stimulating osteoclasts to resorb bone and by preventing osteoblasts from producing new bone. The Runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2, is an important determinant of bone metastasis in breast cancer. Runx2 is known to mediate activation of osteoclast activity and inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by metastatic breast cancer cells. However, while Runx2-regulated genes that mediate osteoclast activation have been identified, how Runx2 determines inhibition of osteoblasts is unknown.

Methods
The aim of this study was to determine how Runx2 mediates the ability of metastatic breast cancer cells to modulate the activity of bone cells. We have previously demonstrated that Runx2 requires the co-activator core binding factor beta (CBFβ) to regulate gene expression in breast cancer cells. We, therefore, performed independent microarray analyses to identify target genes whose expression is dependent upon both Runx2 and CBFβ. Common target genes, with a role in modulating bone-cell function, were confirmed using a combination of siRNA, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR), ELISA, promoter reporter analysis, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. The function of Runx2/CBFβ-regulated genes in mediating the ability of MDA-MB-231 to inhibit osteoblast differentiation was subsequently established in primary bone marrow stromal cell cultures and MC-3T3 osteoblast cells.

Results
We show that Runx2/CBFβ mediates inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by MDA-MB-231 cells through induction of the Wnt signaling antagonist, sclerostin. We demonstrate that MDA-MB-231 cells secrete sclerostin and that sclerostin-expression is critically dependent on both Runx2 and CBFβ. We also identified the osteoclast activators IL-11 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as new target genes of Runx2/CBFβ in metastatic breast cancer cells.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that Runx2 and CBFβ are required for the expression of genes that mediate the ability of metastatic breast cancer cells to directly modulate both osteoclast and osteoblast function. We also show that Runx2-dependent inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by breast cancer cells is mediated through the Wnt antagonist, sclerostin.
Voltammetric behavior of carvedilol in non-aqueous media and its analytical determination in pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Yilmaz Bilal , Ekinci Duygu 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
In this study, a simple and reliable cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry method were developed and validated for determination of carvedilol in pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method was based on electrochemical oxidation of carvedilol at platinum electrode in acetonitrile solution containing 0.1 m TBAClO4. The well defined three oxidation peaks were observed at 1.02, 1.17 and 1.42 V, respectively. Calibration curve that obtained by using current values measured for second peak was linear over the concentration range of 5–40 μg/ml. Intra- and inter-day precision values for carvedilol were <3.64 and accuracy (relative error) was better than 2.49%. The mean recovery of carvedilol was 99.8% for pharmaceutical preparations. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.32 and 4.00 μg/ml, respectively. No interference was found from three tablet excipients at the selected assay conditions. The method developed in this study is accurate, precise and can be easily applied to Dilatrend, Carvexal and Coronis tablets as pharmaceutical preparation.
Mechanical Characteristics of Degraded Silicone Bonded Point Supports
Authors: Hagl Anneliese 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Tensile loading of bonded point supports is considered as the critical load case for adhesive material, e.g., silicone applied to such kinds of fixtures. From a durability point of view, the following defects of two-component adhesives are expected to have a significant impact on the response to this loading regime: the wrong mixing ratios of the adhesive components, inhomogeneous mixing due to insufficient or poor mechanical mixing procedures, load degradation of the adhesive bonding material, local degradations of the bonding, e.g., bubbles or poor adhesion. In order to investigate these aspects, different experimental approaches have been pursued. Regarding the mixing ratio aspect, material tests were performed with systematically varied mixing ratios for the analysis of the elastic and strength properties while for the other topics, tensile tests of bonded point supports were evaluated in detail. Cyclic tests of point supports in the tensile load regime were set up, differing in amplitudes and maximum peaks of the cycles, in order to analyze the impact of load histories on the mechanical characteristics of the specimens. For point supports subjected to monotonically increasing loads the qualitative assessment of the fracture surfaces revealed the existence and the potential impact of disturbances inside the bonding, such as bubbles or locally lacking adhesion, on the damage behavior and on related inferior mechanical performance. The main motivation for this kind of research is to improve confidence in the durability of bonded designs. Thus, our activities were focused on aspects which might affect durability from an application point of view, not from a purely academic one. Especially in Germany, the confidence of the authorities in this joining technique has to be strengthened by demonstrating a high degree of robustness in the application, and in view of the risk associated with potential in-field problems.
A Psychosocial Evaluation Process for Living Liver Donors: The University of Rochester Model
Authors: Nickels M. W. , Cullen J. P. , Demme R. A. , Vetter M. , Boulay R. , Betts R. , McKee M. , Orloff M. , Bozorgzadeh A. 
Published: October 2011

Objective: The donation of livers by living donors entails complex processes, both surgically and psychosocially, potentially involving risks in both domains. Thorough psychosocial evaluation is necessary to minimize those risks, yet little has been written about the donor assessment process. This article describes one such process, utilized by a transplant program in upstate New York. Method: Donor candidates undergo multiple psychosocial interviews early in the overall transplant evaluation process. Evaluators subsequently meet as a group, along with an independent ethicist, to determine psychosocial candidacy prior to final medical/surgical clearance. Results: Between 2003 and 2007, 416 donor candidates initiated and/or underwent full evaluation, resulting in a 17.5% surgery and 55.5% exclusion rate among those individuals. Of those ruled out, 20.8% were for (medical or psychosocial) reasons associated with the recipient, and 8.7% were for donor-related psychosocial issues. Conclusion: Given the primacy of psychosocial and ethical issues in living liver donor candidate evaluation, the multiple interview process, followed by team discussion and overseen by an ethicist removed from other transplant program functions, has advantages as a donor assessment model.
Disruptive Behaviors in the Medical Setting and Borderline Personality
Authors: Sansone Randy A. , Farukhi Shahzad , Wiederman Michael W. 
Published: October 2011

Objective: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized in the DSM by anger. While previous studies have examined various types of externalized aggression and violence among individuals with BPD, we are aware of no investigations of disruptive behaviors perpetrated by patients with BPD in medical settings—the focus of the present study. Method: Using a cross-sectional, consecutive sample of internal medicine outpatients from a resident provider clinic, we surveyed 397 participants regarding 17 disruptive behaviors related to medical personnel and assessed BPD using two self-report measures, the BPD scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) and the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI). Results: A statistically significantly greater proportion of respondents who exceeded the clinical cut-off scores for BPD on both the PDQ-4 and SHI endorsed at least one form of disruptive behavior. However, there were no differences between participants with versus without BPD symptomatology regarding the number of different forms of disruptive behaviors after that initial threshold of one such behavior was reached. Several specific disruptive behaviors were reported more often in those with BPD symptomatology (i.e., yelling, screaming, verbally threatening, and refusing to talk with medical staff as well as talking badly about medical staff to the patients' friends and family). Conclusions: BPD appears to be associated with a greater likelihood of disruptive behaviors in the medical setting, but not physical threat.
Papilledema as a diagnostic challenge — report of three cases
Authors: Cekić Sonja , Risimić Dijana , Stanković-Babić Gordana , Babić Rade , Jakšić Vesna , Jovanović Ivan , Đorđević-Jocić Jasmina 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
We present three different cases of patients with papilledema: one case with a primary tumour of the optic nerve, and two cases with secondary involvement of the optic nerve (breast carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma). The visual acuity varies from sudden, painless, decrease of vision, to blurred vision and proptosis on the affected eye. A characteristic ophthalmoscopic examination shows a swollen optic disc and promonence with tortuosity of blood vessels. A fluorescein angiography shows dilated capillaries of the optic disc with leakage in the early phase and diffuse hyperfluorescence during the late phase. A ultrasonography B-scan of the affected eye shows prominent optic nerves with widened optic nerve sheath. An exhaustive history and complete ophthalmological examination are essential for the diagnosis, to which fluorescein angiography, B-scan ultrasonography, ocular coherent tomography, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance can be used as useful additional tests. Treatment and prognosis depend on the primary process. We emphasize the crucial role of ophthalmologist in the early diagnosis of CNS neoplasia.
Quand des espaces potentiels de reliance disparaissent
Authors: Nivet Brigitte , Casalegno Jean-Claude 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Le temps vécu par les acteurs peut paraitre anecdotique. Pourtant, en faisant preuve de « patience », c’est à travers lui que peut se révéler le Réel du travail. Les salariés le vivent dans leur subjectivité. Ils n’en sont bien sûr pas toujours conscients. Si la plupart des salariés dans une organisation ressentent de la souffrance, il ne s’agit pas seulement des conditions de travail dont il est question mais du Sens même de l’action collective. Cette souffrance parle aussi de la stratégie qu’ont choisie les dirigeants de l’entreprise. Si beaucoup d’efforts produisent peu de résultats, c’est que tout simplement l’entreprise n’a peut - être pas pris la bonne direction. L’écoute des salariés est donc une activité fondamentale du management stratégique.
La fermeture des espaces du je
Authors: Lesourd Serge 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Rappelant le principe du libéralisme « Donnez moi ce dont j’ai besoin et vous aurez de moi ce que vous avez besoin vous-mêmes », l’auteur illustre ses limites avec la technique employée pour amener les femmes américaines à fumer. L’auteur met ensuite en évidence que le libéralisme s’arrête aux portes de la dignité. Le libéralisme s’arrète aussi aux portes des métiers où il est impossible de « réussir », de fournir un résultat conforme au désir, comme soigner ou psychanalyser, éduquer et gouverner.
Comprendre l'expatriation
Authors: Ramboarison-Lalao Lovanirina 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Cette étude a pour principal objectif de comprendre le parcours de 34 médecins malgaches expatriés en France. Prenant appui sur la méthode des récits de vie, cette étude mobilise pour ce faire, les apports de l’approche développementaliste de la carrière à l’international. Les résultats vont nettement faire ressortir deux profils-types : les médecins ayant une carrière interstitielle d’infirmier et occupant à terme leur profession d’origine, d’un côté ; ceux qui bifurquent définitivement vers le métier d’infirmier ou d’aide-soignant, de l’autre. Les entretiens mettent par ailleurs en lumière les facteurs socio-économiques, motivationnels et culturels qui peuvent expliquer cette expatriation.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Gastroesophageal Cancer: Correlation Between Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Tafe Laura J. , Janjigian Yelena Y. , Zaidinski Michael , Hedvat Cyrus V. , Hameed Meera R. , Tang Laura H. , Hicks James B. , Shah Manish A. , Barbashina Violetta 
Published: October 2011

Context.—Patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer have poor survival with current therapy. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) represents a promising therapeutic target, but the optimal HER2 testing strategy is not yet defined.Objectives.—To evaluate the concordance between immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to determine if the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists HER2 scoring system is applicable to gastroesophageal carcinomas.Design.—Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from patients with advanced stage gastroesophageal cancer were tested by IHC and FISH and scored according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists criteria for breast cancer. Concordance between IHC and FISH was evaluated. A subset of cases was subjected to array comparative genomic hybridization to verify the positive and negative HER2 results.Results.—A total of 135 cases with paired IHC and FISH results were evaluated. The majority of samples (84%) were biopsies. HER2 amplification was detected in 20 tumors (15%). Using the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists scoring system, IHC-FISH concordance was 97% for IHC 0, 93% for IHC 1+, and 100% for IHC 3+. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positivity was strongly associated with tumor grade (moderately differentiated &gt; poorly differentiated, P &lt; .001) and histologic subtype (intestinal &gt; diffuse, P  =  .007). Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis was successful in 31 tumors (14 FISH+ and 17 FISH−). Fluorescence in situ hybridization and array comparative genomic hybridization results were highly concordant in both HER2-positive and HER2-negative groups (93% and 100% concordance, respectively).Conclusions.—Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in gastroesophageal cancer can be performed using standard breast cancer procedures and the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists scoring criteria. Although IHC 0 and IHC 3+ provide clear stratification, reliable separation of IHC 1+ and IHC 2+ may be difficult, especially in biopsy samples. The latter 2 groups are best referred to FISH for definitive classification.
Kupferkatalysierte aerobe oxidative C‐H‐Funktionalisierungen: Trends und Erkenntnisse zum Mechanismus
Authors: Wendlandt Alison E. , Suess Alison M. , Stahl Shannon S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractDie selektive Oxidation von C‐H‐Bindungen und der Einsatz von O2 als stöchiometrisches Oxidationsmittel stellen zwei wesentliche Herausforderungen in der organischen Chemie dar. Kupfer(II) ist ein vielseitiges Oxidationsmittel für verschiedene oxidative Kupplungen, die durch Einelektronen‐Transfer (SET) von elektronenreichen organischen Molekülen ausgelöst werden. Viele dieser Reaktionen können mit Kupfer katalytisch durchgeführt werden, wenn molekularer Sauerstoff als Oxidationsmittel eingesetzt wird, um den aktiven Kupfer(II)‐Katalysator zu regenerieren. Daneben wurden auch zahlreiche neue Cu‐katalysierte C‐H‐Oxidationen mit elektronenarmen Substraten beschrieben, von denen ein SET zum Kupfer(II) unwahrscheinlich scheint. In einigen dieser Fälle konnte die Beteiligung von Organokupfer(III)‐Intermediaten im Reaktionsmechanismus nachgewiesen werden. Metallorganische C‐H‐Oxidationen dieser Art eröffnen neue bedeutende Möglichkeiten für das Gebiet der Cu‐katalysierten aeroben Oxidationen.
A mechanistic model for enzymatic saccharification of cellulose using continuous distribution kinetics I: Depolymerization by EGI and CBHI
Authors: Griggs Andrew J. , Stickel Jonathan J. , Lischeske James J. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA mechanistically based kinetic model for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass has been developed that incorporates the distinct modes of action of cellulases on insoluble cellulose polymer chains. Cellulose depolymerization by an endoglucanase (endoglucanase I, EGI) and an exoglucanase (cellobiohydrolase I, CBHI) is modeled using population‐balance equations, which provide a kinetic description of the evolution of a polydisperse distribution of chain lengths. The cellulose substrate is assumed to have enzyme‐accessible chains and inaccessible interior chains. EGI is assumed to randomly cleave insoluble cellulose chains. For CBHI, distinct steps for adsorption, complexation, processive hydrolysis, and desorption are included in the mechanistic description. Population‐balance models that employ continuous distributions track the evolution of the spectrum of chain lengths, and do not require solving equations for all chemical species present in the reacting mixture, resulting in computationally efficient simulations. The theoretical and mathematical development needed to describe the hydrolysis of insoluble cellulose chains embedded in a solid particle by EGI and CBHI is given in this article (Part I). Results for the time evolution of the distribution of chain sizes are provided for independent and combined enzyme hydrolysis. A companion article (Part II) incorporates this modeling framework to study cellulose conversion processes, specifically, solution kinetics, enzyme inhibition, and cooperative enzymatic action. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:665–675. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.