bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclic motion encoding for enhanced MR visualization of slip interfaces
Authors: Mariappan Yogesh K. , Glaser Kevin J. , Manduca Armando , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo develop and test a magnetic resonance imaging‐based method for assessing the mechanical shear connectivity across tissue interfaces with phantom experiments and in vivo feasibility studies.Materials and MethodsExternal vibrations were applied to phantoms and tissue and the differential motion on either side of interfaces within the media was mapped onto the phase of the MR images using cyclic motion encoding gradients. The phase variations within the voxels of functional slip interfaces reduced the net magnitude signal in those regions, thus enhancing their visualization. A simple two‐compartment model was developed to relate this signal loss to the intravoxel phase variations. In vivo studies of the abdomen and forearm were performed to visualize slip interfaces in healthy volunteers.ResultsThe phantom experiments demonstrated that the proposed technique can assess the functionality of shear slip interfaces and they provided experimental validation for the theoretical model developed. Studies of the abdomen showed that the slip interface between the small bowel and the peritoneal wall can be visualized. In the forearm, this technique was able to depict the slip interfaces between the functional compartments of the extrinsic forearm muscles.ConclusionFunctional shear slip interfaces can be visualized sensitively using cyclic motion encoding of externally applied tissue vibrations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:855–863. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of the compliance of the neck arteries and veins on the measurement of intracranial volume change by phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Tain Rong‐Wen , Ertl‐Wagner Birgit , Alperin Noam 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo assess the influence of arterial and venous vascular compliances in the neck region on the measurement of the change in intracranial volume during the cardiac cycle.Materials and MethodsArterial and venous blood flows were imaged by MRI phase contrast at two different locations, one close to the skull base (upper) and one 2–3 cm lower, around C3 level (lower). Maximal intracranial volume change (ICVC) measurements were derived from the momentary difference between the arterial inflow and venous outflow rates at the upper and lower locations separately to assess the influence of the compliances of the vessel segments bounded by the two different imaging locations. Imaging location for the craniospinal cerebrospinal fluid flow was a constant variable in this experiment.ResultsThe systolic ICVC obtained using the lower location was consistently larger than when using the upper location. Comparison between arterial and venous flow dynamics revealed a much larger changes in flow dynamic and lumen areas in the veins compared with the arteries, which explain the large venous influence on the intracranial volume change measurement.ConclusionArterial inflow and venous outflow should be sampled at a level close to the skull base (C1–C2) to minimize the influence of the compliance of arteries and the collapsibility of veins for a reliable measurement of ICVC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:878–883. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detecting lesions in multiple sclerosis at 4.7 tesla using phase susceptibility‐weighting and T2‐weighting
Authors: Eissa Amir , Lebel R. Marc , Korzan Jeff R. , Zavodni Anna E. , Warren Kenneth G. , Catz Ingrid , Emery Derek J. , Wilman Alan H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate 4.7 Tesla (T) imaging methods for visualizing lesions in multiple sclerosis in the human brain using phase susceptibility‐weighting and T2 weighting.Materials and MethodsSeven patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis were imaged at 4.7T using three‐dimensional (3D) susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) with 0.90 mm3 voxel volumes, and with 2D T2‐weighted fast spin echo (T2WFSE) with 0.34 mm3 voxels and 1.84 mm3 voxels. The visibility of MS lesions at 4.7T with phase SWI and T2WFSE was assessed by independent lesion counts made by an experienced neuroradiologist, and by quantitative measures.ResultsHigh resolution T2WFSE at 4.7T provided excellent depiction of hyperintense lesions. When combined with phase SWI, 124 total lesions were identified of which 18% were only visible on phase SWI and not on T2WFSE. The phase lesions had a mean phase shift relative to local background of −11.15 ± 5.97 parts per billion.ConclusionImaging at 4.7T can provide both high quality, high resolution T2WFSE and SWI for visualization of lesions in multiple sclerosis. Phase susceptibility‐weighting can identify additional lesions that are not visible with high resolution T2WFSE. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:737–742. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction between rhodanine and silver species on a nanocolloidal surface and in the solid state
Authors: Marzec Katarzyna M. , Gawel Bartlomiej , Lasocha Wieslaw , Proniewicz Leonard M. , Malek Kamilla 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper discusses and compares molecular interactions of rhodanine (Rd), the heterocyclic compound containing N, S, and O atoms, with two forms of silver species, i.e. Ag(I) ions and silver nanocolloidal particles. Vibrational spectroscopic and powder crystallography studies on coordination of Ag(I) ions in the solid state, supported by density functional theory, clearly indicate complexation through the nitrogen (the deprotonated imino group) and exocyclic sulfur atoms. Molecules of the complex are arranged in a one‐dimensional infinite polymeric chain structure that intertwines to give a helix motif. On the other hand, adsorption geometry of Rd on the silver surface was determined by using surface‐enhancement Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. Observed differences between the SERS and the normal Raman spectra of Rd suggest that Rd adsorbs on the silver species after the rearrangement of the keto‐thione form into the enol‐thiol tautomer in acidic and neutral solutions. This leads to adsorption on this silver species through the thiolate ion. On the other hand, the alkaline pH forces first N‐deprotonation of Rd, and, in consequence, the obtained anion of the keto‐thione form interacts with the silver surface as a result of the presence of lone pairs of nitrogen and sulfur atoms, similar to the case discussed for the solid state. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening quality and browning susceptibility of five artichoke cultivars for fresh‐cut processing
Authors: Cabezas‐Serrano Ana B , Amodio Maria L , Cornacchia Rosaria , Rinaldi Raffaella , Colelli Giancarlo 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Artichoke is a rich source of bioactive compounds, mainly phenols, in the Mediterranean diet, but its consumption is limited by the complexity of time‐consuming trimming operations. Fresh‐cut processing would therefore add convenience to its consumption, even though the severity of post‐cutting browning of artichoke pieces is still a major problem. Since susceptibility to browning may vary widely among genotypes, the choice of the cultivar is a very critical step in the fresh‐cut process. In this study, five different Italian cultivars (C3, Catanese, Tema, Violetto Foggiano and Violetto Sardo) were screened for their initial quality and composition, and their post‐cutting performance during storage at 5 °C and 20 °C.RESULTS: C3 showed the highest phenol content (3.4 g GA kg−1) and antioxidant activity (24.5 mmol L−1 kg−1), but the worst quality in terms of appearance and colour changes, also due to its high PPO activity (62.2 U g−1). Catanese showed the highest vitamin C content (117.7 mg kg−1), the lowest phenol content (1.8 g GA kg−1), and the best post‐cutting quality. Tema, Violetto Foggiano and Violetto Sardo showed an intermediate phenol content, the latter showing the lowest appearance score after C3.CONCLUSION: These results confirmed the role of phenols in browning processes of fresh‐cut artichokes, giving the first available information on artichoke cultivar suitability to be processed as a fresh‐cut product. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Learning styles in two otolaryngology residency programs
Authors: Laeeq Kulsoom , Weatherly Robert A. , Carrott Alice , Pandian Vinciya , Cummings Charles W. , Bhatti Nasir I. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Kolb portrays four learning styles depending on how an individual grasps or transforms experience: accommodating, assimilating, diverging, and converging. Past studies in surgery, medicine, and anesthesia identified the predominant learning style in each of these specialties. The prevalence of different learning styles and existence of a predominant style, if any, has not been reported for otolaryngology residency programs. The purpose of our study was to determine if otolaryngology residents have a preferred learning style that is different from the predominant learning styles reported for other specialties.Study Design:We conducted a survey of the otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery residents at two residency programs.Methods:Kolb's Learning Style Index (LSI) version 3.1 was administered to 46 residents from Johns Hopkins University and Kansas University Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery programs. LSI is a widely used 12‐item questionnaire, with each item followed by four options. The subjects graded the options depending on how the options applied to them.Results:Forty‐three otolaryngology residents completed the survey, with a response rate of 93.47%. The predominant learning style was converging (55.81%) followed by accommodating (18.61%), accounting for the learning styles of 74.42% of the total population. There were only 13.95% assimilating and 6.98% diverging learning styles. Two residents (4.65%) had their preference balanced across four learning styles.Conclusions:The predominant learning styles in otolaryngology were converging and accommodating, accounting for three fourths of the population. It would be desirable to modify our curriculum in a way that will optimize and facilitate learning.
3D harnessing of light with 2.5D photonic crystals
Authors: Viktorovitch P. , Ben Bakir B. , Boutami S. , Leclercq J. Louis , Letartre X. , Rojo‐Romeo P. , Seassal C. , Zussy M. , Di Cioccio L. , Fedeli J.Marc 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIt is emphasized that two‐dimensional photonic crystals (2D PC) have not only a great potential for the development of 2D nanophotonics in the inplane waveguided configuration, but that they may also open the way to other brilliant developments, with an extension to out‐of‐plane operation, along a 2.5D nanophotonics approach. In this 2.5D approach, a 1D–2D high index contrast lateral structuration is combined with a 1D high index contrast vertical structuration, using multilayer membrane stacks including 1D–2D photonic crystal membranes, thus resulting in so‐called 2.5D PC. As a specific illustration of recent achievements along this approach, new families of VCSEL structures are presented.
Sharing the pie and distributing the reward: a case of bonus distribution among executives
Authors: Wedley W. C. , Choo E. U. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRelevant criteria can be identified and used to partition and disaggregate a project's overall impact value into separate components to be evaluated independently under each criterion. Criteria weights can then be used to distribute the benefit of the joint project to its contributors. There are different interpretations of the criteria weights in different methods of benefit sharing. Project team members are motivated by the distribution of benefits. Criteria weights with different interpretations can be used as part of management incentives in setting up the joint project. In this work, different AHP type models are analyzed for a hypothetical case of bonus distribution to key executives. The implications of appropriate interpretations of criteria weights and local priorities are examined. Other sharing methods are discussed and analyzed. The method of bonus sharing based on the overall priorities of the contributions of all contributors is shown to produce resulting bonus shares that are always proportional to the actual contributions of the executives in the sharing set. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐discriminating criteria in the AHP: removal and rank reversal
Authors: Wijnmalen Diederik J. D. , Wedley William C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA non‐discriminating criterion is defined as a criterion where the decision‐maker is indifferent among the alternatives. One would therefore expect the final rank order of the alternatives not to be affected by removing it. A previously published paper by Finan and Hurley (Comput. Oper. Res. 2002; 29: 1025–1030) showed that in the analytic hierarchy process removing such a criterion from a multilevel hierarchy can reverse rank. In this paper, we offer an explanation of this particular rank reversal phenomenon and show how it can be avoided. We do this by taking into account that there is a link between the normalization and weighting processes, which suggests adjusting appropriate weights when removing criteria. Further, we discuss whether a non‐discriminating criterion should be removed in the first place. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correcting illegitimate rank reversals: proper adjustment of criteria weights prevent alleged AHP intransitivity
Authors: Wijnmalen Diederik J. D. , Wedley William C. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis note comments on a paper by Triantaphyllou (J. Multi‐Crit. Decis. Anal. 2001; 10: 11–25) that attempts to demonstrate new types of rank reversal that can occur with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). He contends that the reversals are attributable to the various types of normalization that are used with the addition step in AHP synthesis. His paper goes on to suggest that the multiplicative AHP should be used instead. This note shows that the cause of the problem is another one: AHP's independence axiom, which prohibits adjusting the criteria weights when the set of alternatives or the type of normalization change. If the criteria weights are adjusted properly, none of the rank reversals will occur. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outbreak of Progressive Inflammatory Neuropathy Following Exposure to Aerosolized Porcine Neural Tissue
Authors: DeAngelis Tracy M. , Shen Liang 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn the fall of 2007, the Minnesota Department of Health was notified of 11 cases of an unexplained neurological illness, all linked to a pork processing plant, Quality Pork Processors, Inc., in Austin, MN. The cluster of workers had been experiencing similar symptoms, including fatigue, pain, numbness, and tingling in their extremities as well as weakness. The symptoms were described as more sensory than motor, and all patients had evidence of polyradiculoneuropathy with signs of nerve root irritation. An epidemiological investigation revealed that the only commonality between cases was their exposure to a pork brain extraction procedure involving compressed air. As relatives of the cases remained asymptomatic and all cultures for known pathogens were negative, the etiology of the syndrome seemed not to be infectious. Clinically, the syndrome was most akin to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Laboratory tests corroborated the clinical findings, revealing inflammation of peripheral nerves and nerve roots; however, these cases also had features clinically distinct from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy as well as laboratory testing revealing a novel immunoglobulin G immunostaining pattern. This suggested that the observed inflammation was the result of 1 or more unidentified antigens. This syndrome was ultimately dubbed progressive inflammatory neuropathy and was theorized to be an autoimmune reaction to aerosolized porcine neural tissue. Since the investigation's outset, 18 cases of progressive inflammatory neuropathy have been identified at the Minnesota pork processing plant, with 5 similar cases at an Indiana plant and 1 case at a Nebraskan plant. The plants in which cases have been identified have since stopped the use of compressed air in removing pork brains. All cases have stabilized or improved, with some requiring immunosuppressive and analgesic treatment. The study of progressive inflammatory neuropathy is ongoing, and the details of this investigation highlight the value of epidemiological principles in the identification and containment of outbreaks while researchers attempt to uncover the unique pathophysiology and potential etiology of the illness. Mt Sinai J Med 76:442–447, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Paradigm Shift in the Pathophysiology of Postmenopausal and Thyrotoxic Osteoporosis
Authors: Zaidi Mone , Iqbal Jameel , Blair Harry C. , Zallone Alberta , Davies Terry , Sun Li 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBone loss is an inevitable result of getting older in both sexes. This loss is accelerated in women in the early years following menopause and in both sexes with drugs and diseases, prominently hyperthyroidism. Postmenopausal osteoporosis and hyperthyroid osteoporosis, both of which are widely recognized clinical entities, have been thought to arise from low estrogen levels and high thyroid hormone levels, respectively. However, when estrogen declines, follicle‐stimulating hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone, rises. Likewise, when thyroid hormone levels rise in hyperthyroidism, thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels fall. We have used a complement of mouse genetic, pharmacological, and cell biological approaches to unravel a direct action of follicle‐stimulating hormone and thyroid‐stimulating hormone on bone remodeling and bone mass. Apart from establishing a novel pituitary‐bone axis of physiological significance, our studies challenge the existing 1‐hormone, 1‐disease paradigm in endocrinology and suggest that a plurality of hormonal disturbances involving pituitary hormones cause postmenopausal and hyperthyroid osteoporoses. New therapeutic targets thus emerge from these studies. Mt Sinai J Med 76:474–483, 2009. © 2009 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
The questionnaire for urinary incontinence diagnosis (QUID): Validity and responsiveness to change in women undergoing non‐surgical therapies for treatment of stress predominant urinary incontinence
Authors: Bradley Catherine S. , Rahn David D. , Nygaard Ingrid E. , Barber Matthew D. , Nager Charles W. , Kenton Kimberly S. , Siddiqui Nazema Y. , Abel Robert B. , Spino Cathie , Richter Holly E. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAimsThe Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID), a 6‐item urinary incontinence (UI) symptom questionnaire, was developed and validated to distinguish stress and urge UI. This study's objective was to evaluate QUID validity and responsiveness when used as a clinical trial outcome measure.MethodsParticipants enrolled in a multi‐center trial of non‐surgical therapy (continence pessary, pelvic floor muscle training or combined) for stress‐predominant UI and completed baseline and 3‐month diaries, the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) and QUID. Data from all treatment groups were pooled. QUID internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and convergent/discriminant validity (Pearson correlations) were evaluated. Responsiveness to change was assessed with 3‐month score outcomes and distribution‐based measurements.ResultsFour hundred forty‐four women (mean age 50) were enrolled with stress (N = 200) and mixed (N = 244) UI; 344 had 3‐month data. Baseline QUID Stress and Urge scores (both scaled 0–15, larger values indicating worse UI) were 8.4 ± 3.2 and 4.5 ± 3.3, respectively. Internal consistency of QUID Total, Stress, and Urge scores was 0.75, 0.64 and 0.87, respectively. QUID Stress scores correlated moderately with UDI‐Stress scores (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001) and diary stress UI episodes (r = 0.41, P < 0.0001). QUID Urge scores correlated moderately with UDI‐Irritative scores (r = 0.68, P < 0.0001) and diary urge UI episodes (r = 0.45, P < 0.0001). Three‐month QUID Stress and Urge scores improved (4.1 ± 3.4 and 2.2 ± 2.7, both P < 0.0001). QUID Stress score effect size (1.3) and standardized response mean (1.2) suggested a large change after therapy.ConclusionThe QUID has acceptable psychometric characteristics and may be used as a UI outcome measure in clinical trials. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:727–734, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free riding in a multi‐channel supply chain
Authors: Bernstein Fernando , Song Jing‐Sheng , Zheng Xiaona 
Published: September 2009

AbstractFree riding in a multichannel supply chain occurs when one retail channel engages in the customer service activities necessary to sell a product, while another channel benefits from those activities by making the final sale. Although free riding is, in general, considered to have a negative impact on supply chain performance, certain recent industry practices suggest an opposite view: a manufacturer may purposely induce free riding by setting up a high‐cost, customer service‐oriented direct store to allow consumers to experience the product, anticipating their purchase at a retail store. This article examines how the free riding phenomenon affects a manufacturer's supply chain structure decision when there are fixed plus incremental variable costs for operating the direct store. We consider factors such as the effort required to find and buy the product at a retail store after visiting the direct store, the existence of competing products in the market, and the extent of consumer need to obtain direct‐store service. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009
Transformational and transactional leadership styles, followers' positive and negative emotions, and performance in German nonprofit orchestras
Authors: Rowold Jens , Rohmann Anette 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAlthough the transformational‐transactional leadership paradigm has received increased attention from the research community over the past two decades, the nonprofit sector has been largely neglected. This study provides information about the effectiveness of transformational and transactional leadership styles in the domain of German nonprofit orchestras, while exploring the role of emotions within these leadership styles. We examined musicians' perceptions of their orchestra conductors' leadership behaviors and related those behaviors to performance. Positive emotions were associated with both transactional and transformational leadership. Negative emotions partially mediated the influence of transformational leadership on performance. In combination, the results allow a more thorough and detailed understanding of effective leadership behavior in nonprofit organizations.
Nonprofit governance during organizational transition in voluntary associations
Authors: Kreutzer Karin 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis explorative field study examines the governance challenges that voluntary associations face in the transition from an internal focus on members to the provision of services to mainly nonmembers. This transition is an important stage in the life cycle of many associations. A qualitative research design was used to study five Swiss patient organizations. This article describes the transition process in terms of five main management challenges: different target groups, self‐help group versus competence center, cooperation, fundraising, and transparency. It then examines the implications for four governance aspects that confront managers and board members: recruitment and selection of board members, tasks of the board, relationship between the board and managing director, and the role of the general assembly of members.