bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Indications, and Complications of Conversional Surgery After Vertical Banded Gastroplasty: A MBSAQIP Analysis
Authors: Barajas-Gamboa Juan S. , Duran Valentina , Romero-Velez Gustavo , Mocanu Valentin , Lee Yung , Corcelles Ricard , Allemang Matthew , Strong Andrew T. , Navarrete Salvador , Rodriguez John , Kroh Matthew , Dang Jerry T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) was once the most popular bariatric procedure in the 1980’s, with many patients subsequently requiring conversional surgery. However, knowledge regarding the prevalence and outcomes of these procedures remains limited. This study aims to determine the prevalence, indications, rate of 30-day serious complications, and mortality of conversional surgery after VBG.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective analysis of the MBSAQIP database from 2020 to 2022 was conducted. Individuals undergoing conversional or revisional surgery after VBG were included. The primary outcomes were 30-day serious complications and mortality.

Results
Of 716 VBG conversions, the common procedures included 660 (92.1%) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and 56 (7.9%) sleeve gastrectomy (SG). The main indication for conversion was weight gain for RYGB (31.0%) and for SG (41.0%). RYGB had longer operative times than SG (223.7 vs 130.5 min, p < 0.001). Although not statistically significant, serious complications were higher after RYGB (14.7% vs 8.9%, p = 0.2). Leak rates were higher after SG (5.4 vs 3.5%) but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.4). Mortality was similar between RYGB and SG (1.2 vs 1.8%, p = 0.7). Multivariable regression showed higher body mass index, longer operative time, previous cardiac surgery and black race were independently associated with serious complications. Conversion to RYGB was not predictive of serious complications compared to SG (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.34–2.67, p = 0.9).

Conclusions
Conversional surgery after VBG is uncommon, and the rate of complications and mortality remains high. Patients should be thoroughly evaluated and informed about these risks before undergoing conversion from VBG.
The Pathophysiology, Prognosis and Treatment of Hypertension in Females from Pregnancy to Post-menopause: A Review
Authors: Li Simeng , Tan Isabella , Atkins Emily , Schutte Aletta E , Gnanenthiran Sonali R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We summarise the physiological changes and risk factors for hypertension in females, potential sex-specific management approaches, and long-term prognosis.

Key Findings
Pregnancy and menopause are two key phases of the life cycle where females undergo significant biological and physical changes, making them more prone to developing hypertension. Gestational hypertension occurs from changes in maternal cardiac output, kidney function, metabolism, or placental vasculature, with one in ten experiencing pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction and delivery complications such as premature birth. Post-menopausal hypertension occurs as the protective effects of oestrogen are reduced and the sympathetic nervous system becomes over-activated with ageing. Increasing evidence suggests that post-menopausal females with high blood pressure (BP) experience greater risk of cardiovascular events at lower BP thresholds, and greater vulnerability to treatment-related adverse effects.

Summary
Hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease in females. Current BP treatment guidelines and recommendations are similar for both sexes, without addressing sex-specific factors. Future investigations into ideal diagnostic thresholds, BP control targets and treatment regimens in females are needed.
Highly dispersive optical solitons with differential group delay and multiplicative white noise for Fokas–Lenells equation
Authors: Zayed Elsayed M. E. , Arnous Ahmed H. , Biswas Anjan , Yildirim Yakup , Rawal Bharat S. , Moraru Luminita , Alshomrani Ali Saleh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe current article addresses highly dispersive optical solitons with polarization mode dispersion, modeled by the Fokas–Lenells equation in presence of white noise. The corresponding soliton solutions are retrieved with the usage of two integration algorithms. They are the enhanced Kudryashov’s method and the enhanced direct algebraic method. The intermediary solutions are in terms of Jacobi’s elliptic functions and Weierstrass’ elliptic functions. The existence criteria of soliton solutions, by virtue of parameter constraints, are also presented.
Schools as inclusive workplaces: understanding the needs of a diverse teaching workforce in Australian schools
Authors: Dwyer Rachael , Jacobs Rachael , Tuxworth Jiao , Qi Jing , Harris Daniel X. , Manathunga Catherine 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This paper draws together academic and policy literature around the value of a culturally, linguistically and racially diverse (CLRD) teacher workforce in Australia. While Australia’s population is becoming more diverse, the teaching population is significantly less so, with far fewer teachers born overseas and/or speaking a language other than English at home. This paper seeks to address some reasons for this lack of diversity, and the lived experiences of teachers from diverse backgrounds, including the unique contributions CLRD teachers make to their school communities and the challenges they face. We begin by describing how CLRD experiences are understood within the Australian education context, and the contributions made by CLRD teachers to their school communities, the barriers to entry, and the experiences of exclusion and discrimination faced by many CLRD teachers in Australian schools. We conclude by highlighting the critical need to support CLRD teachers, by ensuring that schools are culturally safe and inclusive workplaces for teachers, as a necessary precursor to ensuring the same for students.
The development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect American foulbrood in managed honey bee populations
Authors: Ackerly Danielle , Tran Lily , Beddoe Travis 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPaenibacilluslarvae (American foulbrood) is a lethal and arguably the most destructive and economically important notifiable bacterial disease that severely impacts brood and colonies of the Apis mellifera (Western honey bee) worldwide. Detection in apiaries requires visual inspection of clinically symptomatic hives, which is unreliable, with laboratory confirmation required for definitive diagnosis. These methods can be costly, time-consuming, and require access to specialised equipment operated by experienced personnel. Disease confirmation is essential for notifiable diseases to mitigate spread and economic damages; therefore, rapid, sensitive, and specific point of care diagnostics are critical to prevent misdiagnosis and further outbreaks. To improve diagnostic turnaround, we developed a highly sensitive and specific novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of P. larvae (AFB-LAMP), designed to amplify a small region of the DNA gyrase subunit B gene (GyrB) with 100% specificity demonstrated against non-target bacterial species of the honey bee gut microbiome and analytical sensitivity of 5 × 10−7 ng P. larvae with detection times within 20 min. To further reduce diagnostic resources and times, a bead-beating DNA extraction method suitable for field use was optimised which resulted in an AFB-LAMP diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 97 and 98%, respectively. Thus, this AFB-LAMP is applicable for use in the field allowing for improved disease management of an agriculturally important species.
Fusarium euwallaceae, symbiont of the paninvasive polyphagous shot hole borer, is pathogenic to cultivated but not wild olive trees in South Africa
Authors: Crous Casparus J. , Roets Francois 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFusarium euwallaceae, vectored by the paninvasive polyphagous shot hole borer beetle (Euwallacea fornicatus), is an emerging threat to trees globally. Proven pathogenic to cultivated deciduous fruits in South Africa, it recently has been isolated from cultivated European (Olea europaea subsp. europaea) and native African (Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata) olive. This potentially threatens both commercial production and native species conservation. However, pathogenicity to these trees is unknown. Three isolates were used in pathogenicity trials of F. euwallaceae towards cultivated European and African olives. Fusarium euwallaceae caused significantly longer lesions than the controls in vascular tissues of inoculated European olive trees, whereas no difference was observed for African olive. We therefore report for the first time that F. euwallaceae is pathogenic to cultivated European olive but not to African olive. As this fungus occludes affected xylem tissues, and thus water flow, olive fruit and oil production might be hampered during droughts, which are predicted to increase in severity and frequency in the main region olives are planted in in South Africa.
Predicting critical shear stress using multivariate adaptive regression splines and genetic expression programming for cohesive soils on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii
Authors: Rahimnejad Reza , Vosoughifar Hamid Reza , Bateni Sayed M. , Ooi Phillip S. K. , Rezaie Fatemeh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract31 undisturbed cohesive silts with plasticity indices ranging from 3 to 55% were tested in an erosion function apparatus to obtain their erodibility curves. The critical shear stress ($${\tau }_{cr})$$

τ

cr

)

was estimated by fitting a hyperbolic function to the erodibility curves. Tests were also conducted to obtain the index properties of each sample. Existing regression-based approaches cannot capture the complex and highly nonlinear relationship between $${\tau }_{cr}$$

τ

cr

and other common parameters of cohesive soils with great accuracy. Hence, two robust approaches, namely multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and genetic expression programming (GEP) are utilized to estimate the $${\tau }_{cr}$$

τ

cr

from easily measurable index soil properties. These soil properties are selected based on a literature review and correlation analysis between the $${\tau }_{cr}$$

τ

cr

and other parameters [e.g., water content, plastic limit, liquid limit, plasticity index, liquidity index, activity, median grain size, percent fines (particles smaller than 0.075 mm), percent clay (particles smaller than 2 μm), undrained shear strength, compression and recompression indices, soil unit weight, consolidation pressure, pre-consolidation pressure and void ratio]. Three statistical metrics namely coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the models. Results indicate that the MARS approach outperformed GEP based on: (1) estimates from MARS (R2 = 0.992, MAE = 0.483 N/m2, and RMSE = 0.641 N/m2) were better than those from GEP (R2 = 0.906, MAE = 1.445 N/m2 and RMSE = 1.686 N/m2); and (2) the MARS approach was able to detect the change in rate of variations of $${\tau }_{cr}$$

τ

cr

(i.e., points where the trend showed a change in slope) when samples from different locations were compared. Also, a sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the importance of each selected model parameter on $${\tau }_{cr}$$

τ

cr

.
The itchy bottom: causes and treatment
Authors: St-Amour Pénélope , Hahnloser Dieter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnal pruritus is a frequent disorder accounting for many proctological consultations, affecting mainly middle-aged males. It is believed that it implies a vicious circle of itching and scratching, increasing irritation and inflammation, and thus symptoms. The most frequent causes are irritant factors such as anal over-hygiene and some foods, faecal soiling due to incontinence, and proctological diseases such as haemorrhoids. Candida infections of the anus and dermatological diseases including contact dermatitis are also frequent. Treatment depends principally on the underlying aetiology.
A Drifting and Blowing Snow Scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model
Authors: Saigger Manuel , Sauter Tobias , Schmid Christina , Collier Emily , Goger Brigitta , Kaser Georg , Prinz Rainer , Voordendag Annelies , Mölg Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWind‐driven redistribution of surface snow is one of the key factors leading to heterogeneous accumulation of snow at small scales. Understanding the processes that lead to this heterogeneous accumulation is, therefore, of great importance to many glaciological and hydrological questions. High‐quality information on the wind field is necessary to realistically represent drifting snow. Here, we introduce a novel, intermediate‐complexity drifting and blowing snow module for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model that integrates seamlessly into the standard WRF infrastructure. The module also accounts for snow particle sublimation and considers the thermodynamic feedback on the atmospheric fields. In an idealized model environment the module was tested for physical consistency. Sensitivity experiments showed that drifting snow sublimation has on the one hand local effects on the erosion and deposition patterns and on the other hand non‐local effects on the larger‐scale atmosphere. The simple and computationally efficient implementation allows this module to be used for small‐scale and large‐scale simulations in polar and glaciated regions.
Warming Reduces Priming Effect of Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition Along a Subtropical Elevation Gradient
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Lyu Maokui , Zhang Qiufang , Feng Jiguang , Liu Xiaofei , Zhu Biao , Wang Xiaohong , Yang Yusheng , Xie Jinsheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe priming effects (PEs) of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is a crucial process affecting the C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. However, there is uncertainty about how PEs will respond to climate warming. In this study, we sampled soils along a subtropical elevation gradient in China and conducted a 126‐day lab‐incubation experiment with and without the addition of 13C‐labeled high‐bioavailability glucose or low‐bioavailability lignin. Based on the mean annual temperature (MAT) of each elevation (9.3–16.4°C), a temperature increase of 4°C was used to explore how PEs mediate the decomposition of SOC in response to warming. Our results showed that the magnitude of glucose‐induced PEs (PEglucose) was higher than lignin‐induced PEs (PElignin), with both PEs linearly increasing with MAT. Across the MAT (i.e., elevation) gradient, short‐term warming had a constant magnitude of negative effects on PEglucose, whereas rising MAT exacerbated the negative effects of short‐term warming on PElignin. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition decreased after adding glucose and lignin across the MAT gradient, suggesting that fresh C inputs may prime the microbial breakdown of labile SOC under warming. Taken together, warming alleviated SOC loss due to PEs through varying mechanisms depending on substrate bioavailability. Warming mediated the PEglucose by increasing available nitrogen and weakening microbial nitrogen‐mining but inhibited the PElignin by shifting from microbial nitrogen‐mining to microbial co‐metabolization. Our findings highlight the role of warming in regulating the PEs and suggest that incorporating the suppression effect of warming on PEs can contribute to the accurate prediction of soil C dynamics in a warming world.
Potential Ozone Depletion From Satellite Demise During Atmospheric Reentry in the Era of Mega‐Constellations
Authors: Ferreira José P. , Huang Ziyu , Nomura Ken‐ichi , Wang Joseph 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLarge constellations of small satellites will significantly increase the number of objects orbiting the Earth. Satellites burn up at the end of service life during reentry, generating aluminum oxides as the main byproduct. These are known catalysts for chlorine activation that depletes ozone in the stratosphere. We present the first atomic‐scale molecular dynamics simulation study to resolve the oxidation process of the satellite's aluminum structure during mesospheric reentry, and investigate the ozone depletion potential from aluminum oxides. We find that the demise of a typical 250‐kg satellite can generate around 30 kg of aluminum oxide nanoparticles, which may endure for decades in the atmosphere. Aluminum oxide compounds generated by the entire population of satellites reentering the atmosphere in 2022 are estimated at around 17 metric tons. Reentry scenarios involving mega‐constellations point to over 360 metric tons of aluminum oxide compounds per year, which can lead to significant ozone depletion.
CHK1 inhibitor induced PARylation by targeting PARG causes excessive replication and metabolic stress and overcomes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Acharya Ganesh , Mani Chinnadurai , Sah Naresh , Saamarthy Karunakar , Young Robert , Reedy Mark B. , Sobol Robert W. , Palle Komaraiah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChemoresistance contributes to the majority of deaths in women with ovarian cancer (OC). Altered DNA repair and metabolic signaling is implicated in mediating therapeutic resistance. DNA damage checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) integrates cell cycle and DNA repair in replicating cells, and its inhibition causes replication stress, repair deficiency and cell cycle dysregulation. We observed elevated Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PAR) of proteins (PARylation) and subsequent decrease in cellular NAD+ levels in OC cells treated with the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib, indicating activation of NAD+ dependent DNA repair enzymes poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARP1/2). While multiple PARP inhibitors are in clinical use in treating OC, tumor resistance to these drugs is highly imminent. We reasoned that inhibition of dePARylation by targeting Poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) would disrupt metabolic and DNA repair crosstalk to overcome chemoresistance. Although PARG inhibition (PARGi) trapped PARylation of the proteins and activated CHK1, it did not cause any significant OC cell death. However, OC cells deficient in CHK1 were hypersensitive to PARGi, suggesting a role for metabolic and DNA repair crosstalk in protection of OC cells. Correspondingly, OC cells treated with a combination of CHK1 and PARG inhibitors exhibited excessive replication stress-mediated DNA lesions, cell cycle dysregulation, and mitotic catastrophe compared to individual drugs. Interestingly, increased PARylation observed in combination treatment resulted in depletion of NAD+ levels. These decreased NAD+ levels were also paralleled with reduced aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, which requires NAD+ to maintain cancer stem cells. Furthermore, prexasertib and PARGi combinations exhibited synergistic cell death in OC cells, including an isogenic chemoresistant cell line and 3D organoid models of primary patient-derived OC cell lines. Collectively, our data highlight a novel crosstalk between metabolism and DNA repair involving replication stress and NAD+-dependent PARylation, and suggest a novel combination therapy of CHK1 and PARG inhibitors to overcome chemoresistance in OC.
Harmonizing heterogeneous transcriptomics datasets for machine learning-based analysis to identify spaceflown murine liver-specific changes
Authors: Ilangovan Hari , Kothiyal Prachi , Hoadley Katherine A. , Elgart Robin , Eley Greg , Eslami Parastou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNASA has employed high-throughput molecular assays to identify sub-cellular changes impacting human physiology during spaceflight. Machine learning (ML) methods hold the promise to improve our ability to identify important signals within highly dimensional molecular data. However, the inherent limitation of study subject numbers within a spaceflight mission minimizes the utility of ML approaches. To overcome the sample power limitations, data from multiple spaceflight missions must be aggregated while appropriately addressing intra- and inter-study variabilities. Here we describe an approach to log transform, scale and normalize data from six heterogeneous, mouse liver-derived transcriptomics datasets (ntotal = 137) which enabled ML-methods to classify spaceflown vs. ground control animals (AUC ≥ 0.87) while mitigating the variability from mission-of-origin. Concordance was found between liver-specific biological processes identified from harmonized ML-based analysis and study-by-study classical omics analysis. This work demonstrates the feasibility of applying ML methods on integrated, heterogeneous datasets of small sample size.
Near-field microwave sensing technology enhanced with machine learning for the non-destructive evaluation of packaged food and beverage products
Authors: Darwish Ali , Ricci Marco , Tobon Vasquez Jorge A. , Migliaccio Claire , Vipiana Francesca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the food industry, the increasing use of automatic processes in the production line is contributing to the higher probability of finding contaminants inside food packages. Detecting these contaminants before sending the products to market has become a critical necessity. This paper presents a pioneering real-time system for detecting contaminants within food and beverage products by integrating microwave (MW) sensing technology with machine learning (ML) tools. Considering the prevalence of water and oil as primary components in many food and beverage items, the proposed technique is applied to both media. The approach involves a thorough examination of the MW sensing system, from selecting appropriate frequency bands to characterizing the antenna in its near-field region. The process culminates in the collection of scattering parameters to create the datasets, followed by classification using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning algorithm. Binary and multiclass classifications are performed on two types of datasets, including those with complex numbers and amplitude data only. High accuracy is achieved for both water-based and oil-based products.
Factors determining tropical upper-level cloud radiative effect in the radiative-convective equilibrium framework
Authors: Kang Hyoji , Choi Yong-Sang , Jiang Jonathan H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInvestigation of the major factors determining tropical upper-level cloud radiative effect (TUCRE) is crucial for understanding cloud feedback mechanisms. We examined the TUCRE inferred from the outputs of historical runs and AMIP runs from CMIP6 models employing a radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE). In this study, we incorporated the RCE model configurations of atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics from the climate models, while simplifying the intricate systems. Using the RCE model, we adjusted the global mean surface temperature to achieve energy balance, considering variations in tropical cloud fraction, regional reflectivity, and emission temperature corresponding to each climate model. Subsequently, TUCRE was calculated as a unit of K/%, representing the change in global mean surface temperature (K) in response to an increment in the tropical upper-level clouds (%). Our RCE model simulation indicates that the major factors determining the TUCRE are the emission temperatures of tropical moist-cloudy and moist-clear regions, as well as the fraction of tropical upper-level clouds. The higher determination coefficients between TUCRE and both the emission temperature of tropical moist regions and the upper-level cloud fraction are attributable to their contribution to the trapping effect on the outgoing longwave radiations, which predominantly determines TUCRE. Consequently, the results of this study underscore the importance of accurately representing the upper-level cloud fraction and emission temperature in tropical moist regions to enhance the representation of TUCRE in climate models.