bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use legacies affect early tropical forest succession in Mexico
Authors: Hordijk Iris , Poorter Lourens , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel , Bongers Frans , Mendoza Rey David López , Romero Pascual Jamangapé , van der Sande Masha , Muñoz Rodrigo , Jansma Robyn , Fujisawa Natsuho , Meave Jorge A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuestionsAgricultural expansion is one of the dominant drivers of forest and biodiversity loss, and shifting cultivation is the most widely used form of agriculture in many tropical forest regions. Where forests have been cleared, they have the potential to recover once the land is abandoned. However, legacies of land use are often overlooked in successional studies, and a deeper understanding of this legacy effect is needed to define efficient restoration practices using natural or assisted regeneration. Here, we analysed how land‐use history affects soil properties and early succession on abandoned agricultural fields in two contrasting Mexican socio‐ecological systems.LocationMexico, Oaxaca and Chiapas.MethodsWe sampled soil and monitored vegetation for 2 years after agricultural abandonment, and interviewed landowners about their land‐use practices.ResultsLand‐use practices were clearly influenced by landowners’ social context (residence time, rural or urban origin), and topography and soil type also constrained or facilitated land‐use practices. Soil characteristics were strongly affected by three land‐use practices: mechanical tillage decreased soil N and K; frequent herbicide and pesticide use increased N and K; and for pasture systems, stocking density increased soil bulk density and decreased pH and N. High‐intensity land management practices, specifically use of machinery, had the highest impact on early forest succession. When machinery was not used, the frequency of land‐use practices, particularly weeding frequency, is the main factor influencing tree cover and sapling diversity.ConclusionsTo facilitate post‐agricultural forest recovery, we recommend restoration efforts using natural regeneration in areas with low previous land‐use intensity and frequency.
A retrospective analysis of perioperative medications for opioid‐use disorder and tapering additional postsurgical opioids via a transitional pain service
Authors: Liu Olivia , Leon David , Gough Ethan , Speed Traci , Hanna Marie , Jaremko Kellie 
Published: May 2024

AimsTo investigate perioperative opioid requirements in patients on methadone or buprenorphine as medication for opioid‐use disorder (MOUD) who attended a transitional pain clinic (Personalized Pain Program, PPP).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study assessed adults on MOUD with surgery and attendance at the Johns Hopkins PPP between 2017 and 2022. Daily non‐MOUD opioid use over 6 time‐points was evaluated with regression models controlling for days since surgery. The time to complete non‐MOUD opioid taper was analysed by accelerated failure time and Kaplan–Meier models.ResultsFifty patients (28 on methadone, 22 on buprenorphine) were included with a median age of 44.3 years, 54% male, 62% Caucasian and 54% unemployed. MOUD inpatient administration occurred in 92.8% of patients on preoperative methadone but only in 36.3% of patients on preoperative buprenorphine. Non‐MOUD opioid use decreased over time postoperatively (β = −0.54, P < .001) with a median decrease of 90 mg morphine equivalents (MME) between the first and last PPP visit, resulting in 46% tapered off by PPP completion. Older age and duration in PPP were associated with lower MME, while mental health conditions, longer hospital stays and higher discharge opioid prescriptions were associated with higher MME. The average time to non‐MOUD opioid taper was 1.79× longer in patients on buprenorphine (P = .026), 2.75× in males (P = .023), 4.66× with mental health conditions (P < .001), 2.37× with chronic pain (P = .031) and 3.51× if on preoperative non‐MOUD opioids; however, higher initial MOUD level decreased time to taper (P = .001).ConclusionsPostoperative opioid tapering utilizing a transitional pain service is possible in patients on MOUD.
Primary stability and osseointegration comparing a novel tapered design tissue‐level implant with a parallel design tissue‐level implant. An experimental in vivo study
Authors: Gill Thomas , Kühl Sebastian , Rawlinson Simon , Pippenger Benjamin , Bellon Benjamin , Shahdad Shakeel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to compare a novel tapered, double‐threaded self‐tapping tissue‐Level design implant (TLC) to a well‐established parallel walled tissue‐level (TL) implant in terms of primary and secondary stability over time.Materials and MethodsTest TLC (n = 10/per timepoint) and control TL (n = 10/per timepoint) implants were placed in the mandible of minipigs and left for submerged healing for 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Maximum insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured for each implant at placement. Osseointegration and cortical bone maintenance were histologically evaluated by measuring total bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and first bone‐to‐implant contact (fBIC).ResultsA significantly higher maximum insertion torque was measured for the test implant TLC compared to the control TL implant (57.83 ± 24.73 Ncm and 22.62 ± 23.16 Ncm, respectively; p < .001). The mean ISQ values were comparable between the two implant types (75.00 ± 6.70 for TL compared to 75.40 ± 3.20 for TLC, p = .988). BIC was comparable between both implant types at each of the evaluated time points. The fBIC was found to be significantly more coronal at 12 weeks for the TLC implant compared to the TL implant (0.31 ± 0.83 mm for TLC compared to −0.22 ± 0.85 for TL, p = .027).ConclusionThe novel tapered tissue level design implant showed improved primary stability and an overall improved crestal bone height maintenance compared to the parallel walled design at 12 weeks.
Association between continued metformin use during hospital admission and hospital‐acquired complications
Authors: Depczynski Barbara , Kamalakkannan Abbish , Siklosi Bence , Lau Sue Mei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThe safety of continuing metformin during a hospital admission has not been robustly demonstrated. We evaluated the association of continuing metformin in hospital with the risk for a hospital‐acquired complication (HAC).MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of patients admitted to a medical or surgical ward. We considered those with diabetes who continued metformin (DM/MET group), those who discontinued metformin upon admission (DM/MET‐STOP), and those with diabetes not on metformin just prior to and during admission (DM/NoMET). We prepared propensity score‐matched (PSM) control groups from admitted patients without diabetes. The likelihood of a HAC was determined using a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was employed to calculate the hazard ratio, adjusted for covariates.ResultsOf the 4446 (14%) patients with diabetes, 3331 (10%) were prescribed metformin on admission, and it was continued in 2557 patients. HAC occurred in 5.5% of DM/MET group and 6.4% of the PSM control group. Continuation of metformin was associated with a lower likelihood of HAC, adjusted hazard ratio 0.85 (95% CI 0.69, 1.04), p = 0.117 compared to a PSM‐matched control group without diabetes. The DM/NoMET and DM/MET‐STOP groups had an increased risk for HAC, adjusted HR 1.77 (1.44, 2.18), p < 0.001 and 2.57 (2.10, 3.13), p < 0.001, as compared to their respective PSM control groups.ConclusionAn individualized assessment to continue metformin during hospital admission was associated with a reduced likelihood of HAC, with the caveat that there was limited matching to non‐diabetes controls. This finding warrants further exploration.
New risk model by right ventricle ‐ pulmonary arterial coupling and inferior vena cava from echocardiography in patients with conventional low‐intermediate risk pulmonary artery hypertension under targeted treatment
Authors: Yang Lifang , Luo Dongling , Huang Taoran , Li Xiaoshan , Zhang Caojin , Fei Hongwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccurately stratifying patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is very important, and traditional risk scores still have internal heterogeneity. This study aimed to construct a risk stratification model that can accurately identify clinical worsening (CW) events in conventional low‐intermediate risk patients with pulmonary hypertension under targeted drug treatment by using echocardiographic parameters.MethodsThis study is a single‐center, prospective study, including 105 PAH patients who underwent regular follow‐up at Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from October 2021 to April 2023. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of CW, including death, hospitalization due to pulmonary hypertension, escalation of targeted drug therapy, and worsening of PAH. The predictive value of the echocardiography‐based three‐strata risk model was assessed using Kaplan‐Meier curves and COX regression analysis.ResultsA total of 98 PAH patients were ultimately included in this study. The median follow‐up duration was 26 months (range 7–28 months). The echocardiography‐based three‐strata model included the ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (TAPSE/PASP) and inferior vena cava (IVC). The echocardiography‐based three‐strata model had higher diagnostic value (C‐index = .76) compared to the 2022 ESC/ERS three‐strata model and four‐strata model (C‐index = .66 and C‐index = .61, respectively). PAH patients with lower TAPSE/PASP and wider IVC showed a higher CW rate compared to patients with higher TAPSE/PASP and normal IVC (HR = 15.1, 95%CI:4.4‐51.9, p < .001).ConclusionThe echocardiography‐based three‐strata model based on TAPSE/PASP and IVC can effectively improve the stratification of low‐intermediate risk PAH patients under targeted treatment.
Improved recovery of mannitol from Saccharina japonica under optimal hot water extraction and application to lactic acid production by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Lee Jeongho , Bae Jihyun , Shin Hyeonmi , Kim Minji , Yang Eunjeong , Lee Kang Hyun , Yoo Hah Young , Park Chulhwan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBrown algae are gaining traction as biorefinery feedstocks due to their advantages such as rapid growth and carbon dioxide sequestration. Saccharina japonica has high potential due to its high carbohydrate content, especially mannitol (26.7%). In this study, a biorefinery process for S. japonica was designed, with focusing on sugar conversion and bioconversion into lactic acid, a valuable platform chemical utilized in various industries. The existing sugar conversion process of S. japonica has been investigated by focusing on enzymatic or acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis, but not hot water extraction although mannitol can be easily recovered using water. The effect of temperature (60–120°C) on the mannitol yield from S. japonica was investigated, and a mannitol yield of 208 g/kg biomass was achieved at the optimal temperature of 100°C (about 78% of the theoretical maximum yield). This study emphasizes that this simple process has considerable potential for application as over 80% of the fermentable carbohydrates in S. japonica were mannitol. Then, S. japonica extract was applied to lactic acid production. First, lactic acid production of four bacterial strains was tested in a mannitol medium, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus was selected as the superior producer, showing 1.93 to 2.92 times better lactic acid titer than others. Next, the optimal feeding concentration of mannitol was determined to be 20 g/L, which was all consumed by L. rhamnosus. Finally, S. japonica extract was applied to lactic acid production by L. rhamnosus, and the results showed similar fermentation profiles with the control medium: lactic acid production, 18.81 g/L (control: 18.97 g/L); lactic acid conversion, 95.1% (control: 95.9%); cell growth (OD600 nm), 8.9 (control: 7.4). The lactic acid yield in the designed biorefinery process was estimated to be 195.6 g/kg biomass, thus S. japonica has high potential as a biorefinery feedstock to produce valuable bioproducts, including lactic acid.
A Case Study for Determination of the Best Underground Dam Sites, Bursa Province, Turkey
Authors: Aras Egemen , Boz Burak , Vaheddoost Babak , Yılmaz Damla 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWater constitutes an indispensable resource vital for sustaining life. In this context, groundwater stands out as a paramount global water source. Throughout history, underground dams (UGDs) have been employed to augment the storage capacity of local aquifers. This study employs a multistep elimination approach to identify optimal locations for constructing UGDs in the Bursa district, Turkey. Initially, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is utilized to pinpoint the potential construction sites at the watershed scale. Criteria such as suitable topographic slope range, proximity to the transport infrastructures, presence of natural or artificial reservoirs, distance to active or inactive faults, proximity to the urban and rural settlements, location of the irrigation zones, geological conditions, distance to the consumption hubs, thickness of alluvium layer, and the groundwater depth are used to establish the buffer zones for exclusion of potential sites. Then, storage volume in the proposed sites is determined, and formal requests from the local communities are taken into consideration for determining the best UGD sites. The study concludes that five UGDs for irrigation and one for drinking water purposes could be recommended for further implementation.
Nurses' attitudes, beliefs and knowledge of sleep health in residential aged care: An integrative literature review
Authors: Gordon Christopher J. , Fernandez Tracee , Chen Emily , Basheti Mariam , Rahimi Matthew , Saini Bandana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimTo identify, synthesize and evaluate primary research on registered nurses' (RN) knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about sleep health and sleep health management of older adults living in residential aged care.DesignIntegrative review.Data SourcesMedline, Embase and CINAHL databases from inception to September 2023.Review MethodsDatabases were searched using a combination of key words, subject heading terms. All abstracts and full‐text articles were screened by two researchers. Qualitative synthesis of the included articles was conducted. Inductive content analysis was used to identify themes and analyse data.ResultsA total of 923 abstracts were screened resulting in a final yield of 13 articles. Three themes were identified: (i) RN experience with sleep‐disturbed residents, (ii) the emotional burden of sleep disturbances on RN and, (iii) organizational barriers to promoting resident's healthy sleep. Inappropriate administration of benzodiazepines and psychotropic drugs to manage residents' sleep disturbances was a major issue and lack of resources in residential aged care to facilitate sleep. There were concerns on nursing activity that disturbed residents' sleep and striking a balance between facilitating sleep and meeting managerial expectations was challenging.ConclusionThis review identified that nurses' decision‐making has an integral role in the management of sleep health in residents in aged care. Whilst evidence‐based guidelines for managing sleep in residential aged care are available, there is a lack of translation to practice. Understanding RN perspectives is critical to improving sleep health models of care in residential aged care.ImpactThis review found that RN are attuned to the implications of sleep disturbance in residential aged care but are constrained by current sleep health models of care.Patient or Public ContributionNot applicable.
Zhi‐zi‐chi decoction mitigates depression by enhancing lncRNA Six3os1 expression and promoting histone H3K4 methylation at the BDNF promoter
Authors: Zou Tianyu , Sugimoto Kazuo , Zhao Yu , Li Baitao , Zhou Xiaomao , Peng Cheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicine, particularly Zhi‐zi‐chi decoction (ZZCD), is gaining recognition as a potential treatment for depression. This study aimed to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind ZZCD's antidepressant effects, focusing on lncRNA Six3os1 and histone H3K4 methylation at the BDNF promoter. Network pharmacology and in vivo experiments were conducted to identify ZZCD targets and evaluate its impact on depression‐related behaviours and neuron injury. The role of Six3os1 in recruiting KMT2A to the BDNF promoter and its effects on oxidative stress and neuron injury were investigated. ZZCD reduced depression‐like behaviours and neuron injury in mice subjected to chronic stress. It upregulated Six3os1, which facilitated KMT2A recruitment to the BDNF promoter, leading to increased histone H3K4 methylation and enhanced BDNF expression. ZZCD also inhibited CORT‐induced neuron injury, inflammatory response and oxidative stress in vitro. ZZCD's antidepressant properties involve Six3os1 upregulation, which exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting oxidative stress and neuron injury, thereby alleviating depressive symptoms. Targeting Six3os1 upregulation may offer a potential therapeutic intervention for depression.
Inter‐parental conflict and empathy in early adolescence as predictors of dating violence perpetration in adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Espinoza Carlos N. , Goering Marlon , Mrug Sylvie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWitnessing inter‐parental conflict is associated with dating violence perpetration in late adolescence and adulthood. This relationship may be moderated by adolescents' empathy, with more empathic youth viewing their parents' conflict behavior as less acceptable, and thus refraining from dating violence perpetration. This study sought to determine if empathy buffers the effects of inter‐parental conflict in early adolescence on expected dating violence perpetration in early adolescence and actual dating violence perpetration in late adolescence and adulthood. Moreover, this study tested if expected dating violence perpetration in early adolescence and dating violence perpetration in late adolescence mediate the effects of inter‐parental conflict and empathy on dating violence perpetration in adulthood. Sex differences in these relationships were also examined. The sample included 412 adolescents (52% male, 73% Black, 25% White, 2% Other) who participated at three time points between 2006 and 2022 (T1–T3, Mean age = 13, 18, 28 years). Results indicated that higher inter‐parental conflict and lower empathy were associated with higher expected dating violence perpetration at T1 in both males and females. Inter‐parental conflict at T1 predicted higher dating violence perpetration at T3 through expected dating violence perpetration at T1 and dating violence perpetration at T2. Empathy at T1 predicted lower dating violence perpetration at T3 directly and also indirectly through lower expected dating violence at T1 and lower dating violence perpetration at T2 in both sexes. There were no interaction effects of inter‐parental conflict and empathy on expected or actual dating violence perpetration at any age.
Comparing the sensory properties of commercially available animal and plant‐based burgers
Authors: Forster Rebecca A. , Hassall Emma , Hoffman Louwrens C. , Baier Stefan K. , Stokes Jason R. , Smyth Heather E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe number of plant‐based meat products on supermarket shelves around the world has grown in recent years however reproducing the sensory experience of eating meat remains a challenge. This study aims to evaluate the sensory gaps between animal and plant‐based meat products, specifically burger‐type products, from the Australian market. The sample set of 19 commercially available burgers comprises 8 animal‐based burgers prepared using beef, chicken, kangaroo, pork, or turkey and 11 high protein plant‐based burgers. Vegetable patties are beyond the scope of this study. A trained sensory panel (n = 14) determined the major differences in aroma, texture, flavor, and aftertaste between meat and meat analogues during oral processing, particularly those that may impact consumer acceptability. The animal‐based burgers scored high for meaty (aroma), meaty (flavor), and umami but not legume, vegetative, bitterness, and lingering spice attributes. They also received higher average scores for juiciness, fattiness, and final moistness than the plant‐based burgers but scored lower in cohesiveness. The plant‐based burgers scored high for legume and bitterness but not meaty (aroma), meaty (flavor), and umami attributes. Improving current products and designing new products with desirable sensory properties will enhance consumer acceptability and reinforce recent growth in the plant‐based meats market.
Optimizing large language models in digestive disease: strategies and challenges to improve clinical outcomes
Authors: Giuffrè Mauro , Kresevic Simone , Pugliese Nicola , You Kisung , Shung Dennis L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLarge Language Models (LLMs) are transformer‐based neural networks with billions of parameters trained on very large text corpora from diverse sources. LLMs have the potential to improve healthcare due to their capability to parse complex concepts and generate context‐based responses. The interest in LLMs has not spared digestive disease academics, who have mainly investigated foundational LLM accuracy, which ranges from 25% to 90% and is influenced by the lack of standardized rules to report methodologies and results for LLM‐oriented research. In addition, a critical issue is the absence of a universally accepted definition of accuracy, varying from binary to scalar interpretations, often tied to grader expertise without reference to clinical guidelines. We address strategies and challenges to increase accuracy. In particular, LLMs can be infused with domain knowledge using Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) or Supervised Fine‐Tuning (SFT) with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). RAG faces challenges with in‐context window limits and accurate information retrieval from the provided context. SFT, a deeper adaptation method, is computationally demanding and requires specialized knowledge. LLMs may increase patient quality of care across the field of digestive diseases, where physicians are often engaged in screening, treatment and surveillance for a broad range of pathologies for which in‐context learning or SFT with RLHF could improve clinical decision‐making and patient outcomes. However, despite their potential, the safe deployment of LLMs in healthcare still needs to overcome hurdles in accuracy, suggesting a need for strategies that integrate human feedback with advanced model training.