bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of transplantation using organs from a donor infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)‐producing K. pneumoniae
Authors: Ariza‐Heredia E.J. , Patel R. , Blumberg E.A. , Walker R.C. , Lewis R. , Evans J. , Sankar A. , Willliams M.D. , Rogers J. , Milano C. , Razonable R.R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractTransmission of pathogens from donor to recipient is a potential complication of organ transplantation. Herein, we describe the clinical course and outcomes of 4 transplant recipients who received tissues from a donor with multi‐organ infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)‐producing K. pneumoniae. Recipient 1 underwent simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation for alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency and alcohol‐related cirrhosis, and acute tubular necrosis, respectively. Soon after transplantation, he developed an infected hematoma and peritonitis due to KPC‐producing K. pneumoniae despite receiving tigecycline prophylaxis. He was treated with a prolonged course of tigecycline, amikacin, and meropenem, in conjunction with surgical evacuation and percutaneous drainage of the infected fluid collections. Recipient 2 underwent living‐donor liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis using vein graft from the donor infected with KPC‐producing K. pneumoniae. Culture of the preservation fluid containing the vein graft was positive for KPC‐producing K. pneumoniae. The patient received preemptive amikacin and tigecycline, and he did not develop any infection (as evidenced by negative surveillance blood cultures). The isolates from the donor and Recipients 1 and 2 were indistinguishable by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis. Recipients 3 and 4 underwent kidney and heart transplantation, respectively; both patients received perioperative tigecycline prophylaxis and did not develop infections due to KPC‐producing K. pneumoniae. All transplant recipients had good short‐term outcomes. These cases highlight the importance of inter‐institutional communication and collaboration to ensure the successful management of recipients of organs from donors infected with multidrug‐resistant organisms.
Pattern recognition analyses of brain activation elicited by happy and neutral faces in unipolar and bipolar depression
Authors: Mourão‐Miranda Janaina , Almeida Jorge RC , Hassel Stefanie , de Oliveira Leticia , Versace Amelia , Marquand Andre F , Sato Joao R , Brammer Michael , Phillips Mary L 
Published: May 2012

Mourão‐Miranda J, Almeida JRC, Hassel S, de Oliveira L, Versace A, Marquand AF, Sato JR, Brammer M, Phillips ML. Pattern recognition analyses of brain activation elicited by happy and neutral faces in unipolar and bipolar depression.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 451–460. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Recently, pattern recognition approaches have been used to classify patterns of brain activity elicited by sensory or cognitive processes. In the clinical context, these approaches have been mainly applied to classify groups of individuals based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Only a few studies have applied similar methods to functional MRI (fMRI) data.Methods:  We used a novel analytic framework to examine the extent to which unipolar and bipolar depressed individuals differed on discrimination between patterns of neural activity for happy and neutral faces. We used data from 18 currently depressed individuals with bipolar I disorder (BD) and 18 currently depressed individuals with recurrent unipolar depression (UD), matched on depression severity, age, and illness duration, and 18 age‐ and gender ratio‐matched healthy comparison subjects (HC). fMRI data were analyzed using a general linear model and Gaussian process classifiers.Results:  The accuracy for discriminating between patterns of neural activity for happy versus neutral faces overall was lower in both patient groups relative to HC. The predictive probabilities for intense and mild happy faces were higher in HC than in BD, and for mild happy faces were higher in HC than UD (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, the predictive probability for intense happy faces was significantly higher in UD than BD (p = 0.03).Conclusions:  These results indicate that patterns of whole‐brain neural activity to intense happy faces were significantly less distinct from those for neutral faces in BD than in either HC or UD. These findings indicate that pattern recognition approaches can be used to identify abnormal brain activity patterns in patient populations and have promising clinical utility as techniques that can help to discriminate between patients with different psychiatric illnesses.
The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: a consensus model
Authors: Strakowski Stephen M , Adler Caleb M , Almeida Jorge , Altshuler Lori L , Blumberg Hilary P , Chang Kiki D , DelBello Melissa P , Frangou Sophia , McIntosh Andrew , Phillips Mary L , Sussman Jessika E , Townsend Jennifer D 
Published: May 2012

Strakowski SM, Adler CM, Almeida J, Altshuler LL, Blumberg HP, Chang KD, DelBello MP, Frangou S, McIntosh A, Phillips ML, Sussman JE, Townsend JD. The functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder: a consensus model.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 313–325. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Functional neuroimaging methods have proliferated in recent years, such that functional magnetic resonance imaging, in particular, is now widely used to study bipolar disorder. However, discrepant findings are common. A workgroup was organized by the Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati (Cincinnati, OH, USA) to develop a consensus functional neuroanatomic model of bipolar I disorder based upon the participants’ work as well as that of others.Methods:  Representatives from several leading bipolar disorder neuroimaging groups were organized to present an overview of their areas of expertise as well as focused reviews of existing data. The workgroup then developed a consensus model of the functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder based upon these data.Results:  Among the participants, a general consensus emerged that bipolar I disorder arises from abnormalities in the structure and function of key emotional control networks in the human brain. Namely, disruption in early development (e.g., white matter connectivity and prefrontal pruning) within brain networks that modulate emotional behavior leads to decreased connectivity among ventral prefrontal networks and limbic brain regions, especially the amygdala. This developmental failure to establish healthy ventral prefrontal–limbic modulation underlies the onset of mania and ultimately, with progressive changes throughout these networks over time and with affective episodes, a bipolar course of illness.Conclusions:  This model provides a potential substrate to guide future investigations and areas needing additional focus are identified.
Effects of medication on neuroimaging findings in bipolar disorder: an updated review
Authors: Hafeman Danella M , Chang Kiki D , Garrett Amy S , Sanders Erica M , Phillips Mary L 
Published: May 2012

Hafeman DM, Chang KD, Garrett AS, Sanders EM, Phillips ML. Effects of medication on neuroimaging findings in bipolar disorder: an updated review.  Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 375–410. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  Neuroimaging is an important tool for better understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of bipolar disorder (BD). However, potential study participants are often receiving psychotropic medications which can possibly confound imaging data. To better interpret the results of neuroimaging studies in BD, it is important to understand the impact of medications on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), functional MRI (fMRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods:  To better understand the impact of medications on imaging data, we conducted a literature review and searched MEDLINE for papers that included the key words bipolar disorder and fMRI, sMRI, or DTI. The search was limited to papers that assessed medication effects and had not been included in a previous review by Phillips et al. (Medication effects in neuroimaging studies of bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 313–320). This search yielded 74 sMRI studies, 46 fMRI studies, and 15 DTI studies.Results:  Medication appeared to influence many sMRI studies, but had limited impact on fMRI and DTI findings. From the structural studies, the most robust finding (20/45 studies) was that lithium was associated with increased volumes in areas important for mood regulation, while antipsychotic agents and anticonvulsants were generally not. Regarding secondary analysis of the medication effects of fMRI and DTI studies, few showed significant effects of medication, although rigorous analyses were typically not possible when the majority of subjects were medicated. Medication effects were more frequently observed in longitudinal studies designed to assess the impact of particular medications on the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) signal. With a few exceptions, the observed effects were normalizing, meaning that the medicated individuals with BD were more similar than their unmedicated counterparts to healthy subjects.Conclusions:  The effects of psychotropic medications, when present, are predominantly normalizing and thus do not seem to provide an alternative explanation for differences in volume, white matter tracts, or BOLD signal between BD participants and healthy subjects. However, the normalizing effects of medication could obfuscate differences between BD and healthy subjects, and thus might lead to type II errors.
Effects of an assertive community program in patients with severe mental disorders and impact on their families
Authors: Huguelet Philippe , Koellner Vanessa , Boulguy Serge , Nagalingum Kriss , Amani Soumaia , Borras Laurence , Perroud Nader 
Published: May 2012

Aims:  Assertive community treatment (ACT) is known to have a positive impact on the number and length of inpatient stays. However, recent studies have shown little or no effect of such programs in European settings. This paper aims to describe the impact of a newly implemented ACT program on patients and their families' burden. Predictive factors have also been examined.Method:  Fifty‐five patients characterized by heavy use of psychiatric care, numerous hospitalizations, or failure to link with outpatient psychiatric care and their relatives were followed. Data were gathered on patients before and after follow up as well as on relatives' burden and costs. The number and domains of clinician interventions have been detailed.Results:  The ACT program had a positive effect on symptoms, psychosocial adaptation and quality of life. Age was the most significant predictor of changes. Older patients, most of them suffering from delusional disorders, showed no improvement or even some impairment. Finally, the program appeared to have a marked effect on easing families' burden in domains such as assistance in daily life activities and costs.Conclusions:  ACT appears to be recommended for patients with poor outcome when treated in other settings. Early intervention seems to be justified as highlighted by younger age being the best predictor of positive changes. Families can be helped considerably, particularly those confronted with patients with persistent disturbing symptoms which do not, however, warrant hospitalization. Finally, the fact that patients with delusional disorder do not seem to improve warrants further research.
Characterization of the anaerobic microbial community in oil‐polluted subtidal sediments: aromatic biodegradation potential after thePrestigeoil spill
Authors: Acosta‐González Alejandro , Rosselló‐Móra Ramon , Marqués Silvia 
Published: May 2012

SummaryThe influence of massive crude oil contamination on the microbial population of coastal sediments was investigated in the Cíes Islands 18 and 53 months after the tankerPrestigesank off the NW coast of Spain. Communities were studied by means of culturable and non‐culturable methods at three horizons in the sediment (2–5 cm, 12–15 cm and 25–30 cm) in an area heavily affected by the spill. Most probable number of aerobic hydrocarbon degraders was highest in the upper zone and decreased dramatically with depth. Aromatic oxidizing nitrate‐reducing bacteria counts were slightly higher than aerobes in the oxidized layer, and also decreased considerably with depth. Iron‐reducing bacteria were barely detectable. The highest counts were obtained for sulfate‐reducing bacteria, which represented the most relevant fraction of aromatic oxidizers, being maximal at 12–15 cm depth. The community response to high pollution levels was characterized by an increase in culturable populations active towards crude oil components despite the strong decay in the total cell counts. Analysis of whole 16S rRNA gene libraries obtained from the two sampling times and different depths (1460 sequences in all) showed a predominance ofGamma‐ andDeltaproteobacteria, which was confirmed by fluorescentin situhybridization.Desulfobacteraceaewas the most abundant group amongDeltaproteobacteria, followed by sequences affiliated with the orderMyxococcales. All retrieved sequences of this order affiliated with a marine myxobacterial clade. Interestingly, sequences affiliated to the orderDesulfarculalesconstituted half of theDeltaproteobacteriasequences retrieved from the heaviest contaminated sample. Principal coordinates analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries suggested fluctuation in the community distribution with time. Changes in the abundance of certain groups such asBacteroidetescontributed to these observed differences. Although predominance of certain metabolic types in each horizon could be delimited, a considerable overlap in the use of electron acceptors was observed, confirming that each selected zone could be influenced by more than one respiratory metabolism. Altogether, our results evidence the presence in these sediments of a microbial community with potential to respond against hydrocarbon contamination, consistent with the long pollution history of the site.
Clinical effectiveness of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Johns N. , O’Neill S. , Ventham N. T. , Barron F. , Brady R. R. , Daniel T. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim  Reduced opioid use in the immediate postoperative period is associated with decreased complications. This study aimed to determine the effect of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block on morphine requirements 24 h after abdominal surgery. Secondary outcomes included the effect of TAP block on morphine use 48 h after surgery, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and impact on reported pain scores (visual analogue scale).Method  A systematic review of the literature was conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of TAP block in adults undergoing abdominal surgery. For continuous data, weighted mean differences (WMD) were formulated; for dichotomous data, odds ratios (OR) were calculated. Results were produced with a random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results  Nine studies, including published and unpublished data, containing a total of 413 patients were included. Of these 205 received a TAP block and 208 a placebo. Cumulative morphine utilization was statistically significantly reduced at 24 h. [WMD = 23.71 mg (38.66–8.76); P = 0.002] and 48 h [WMD = 38.08 mg (18.97–57.19); P < 0.0001] in patients who received a TAP block and the incidence of PONV was significantly reduced [OR = 0.41(0.22–0.74); P = 0.003]. There was a nonsignificant reduction in the visual analogue scales of postoperative pain [WMD = 0.73 cm (1.84–0.38), P = 0.2]. There were no reported adverse events following TAP block.Conclusion  Transversus abdominis plane block is safe, reduces postoperative morphine requirements, nausea and vomiting and possibly the severity of pain after abdominal surgery. It should be considered as part of a multimodal approach to anaesthesia and enhanced recovery in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
Episodic blindness and ataxia in a horse with cholesterinic granulomas
Authors: Tofflemire Kyle L. , David Whitley R. , Wong David M. , Waller Kenneth R. , Myers Ronald K. , Pillatzki Angela E. , Ben‐Shlomo Gil 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old Oldenburg mare presented following three episodes of acute, transient blindness, ataxia, and disorientation within the preceding 7 months. Clinical improvement, including return of vision, occurred within 1 week of initiating corticosteroid therapy for each of the three episodes. However, mild right‐sided miosis was a consistent finding on ophthalmic examinations. Routine clinicopathologic testing revealed no significant abnormalities, and testing of cerebral spinal fluid for selected infectious diseases was unrewarding. Computed tomography of the brain demonstrated a hyperattenuating mass with peripheral mineralization in the rostroventral aspect of each lateral ventricle. The mare was euthanized due to a guarded to poor prognosis. On histopathology, the masses consisted of clusters of cholesterol clefts admixed with leukocytes, mineral deposits, and connective tissue. Cholesterinic granulomas of the lateral ventricles and hydrocephaly were diagnosed. Cholesterinic granulomas should be considered a differential diagnosis in horses presenting for intermittent blindness.
What is a nurse? Is there an international consensus?
Authors: Currie E.J. , Carr‐Hill R.A. 
Published: May 2012

CURRIE E.J. & CARR HILL R.A. (2013) What is a nurse? Is there an international consensus? International Nursing Review60, 67–74Background:  Historical experience and health service modernization partly account for the variation seen in definitions of what a ‘nurse’ is from country to country. It is unclear if international disparities in nursing provision, apparent in health data for developed countries, demonstrate real differences in staffing patterns or simply reflect the wide variations in understanding and use of terms for different categories of nurse.Aim:  This paper is an opinion piece of international interest discussing the need for standardization in definitions of different categories of nurse internationally.Discussion:  The International Council for Nurses (ICN), the World Health Organization and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) all have different ways of defining a nurse. The wide variation in terms is particularly apparent from OECD countries however, where nursing density data present wide disparities, not readily accounted for by gross national product. Skill mix and clinical role developments may account for these better.Conclusion:  Until proper consensus is reached on what a nurse is and does, any skill mix or clinical role developments will only have limited international relevance, especially in OECD countries. If nursing qualifications are to be valid even across the European Union, then recommended standards such as those of the ICN, must be specified in terms of what different categories of nurses actually can do, and their responsibilities and roles within that scope of practice. Standardization of definitions of categories of nurse internationally should reduce confusion and promote better understanding of patterns of nurse staffing and the effect these may have on patient outcomes.
Infant pointing serves an interrogative function
Authors: Begus Katarina , Southgate Victoria 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the motivations behind, and the function of, infant pointing behaviour. Many studies have converged on the view that early pointing reflects a motivation to share attention and interest with others. Under one view, it is the sharing of attention itself that is the ultimate function of pointing, and is an early manifestation of a uniquely human social cognition that is geared towards cooperation and collaboration. In the current study, we tested an alternative hypothesis in which the goal of pointing is not attention sharing itself, but the information‐laden response that infants tend to receive as a result of sharing attention. If infants indeed point in order to obtain information, their pointing should be modulated by the perceived ability of the other to provide this information. In Experiment 1, 16‐month‐olds who interacted with a demonstrably knowledgeable experimenter pointed significantly more to novel objects than infants who interacted with an ignorant experimenter. In Experiment 2, we confirmed that this finding was due to the perceived competence of the experimenter rather than to the different ways in which the experimenter responded to infants’ points. Our results suggest that one function of pointing in infancy is to obtain information from others, and that infants selectively elicit desired information from those whom they perceive could competently provide it.
Relationship between total bilirubin and endothelial function, inflammation and oxidative stress in HIV‐infected adults on stable antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Hileman CO , Longenecker CT , Carman TL , Milne GL , Labbato DE , Storer NJ , White CA , McComsey GA 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesEnhanced inflammation is evident in HIV infection, even with virological suppression. Outside HIV infection, studies show an independent association between higher total bilirubin and better endothelial function as well as a lower prevalence of coronary heart disease, possibly as a consequence of the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effect of bilirubin. The aim of this study was to determine whether such an association exists in HIV‐infected individuals.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in HIV‐1‐infected adults on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) to determine if a relationship exists between total bilirubin and endothelial function [flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery], inflammation [interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors, C‐reactive protein, and adhesion molecules], coagulation markers (fibrinogen and D‐dimer) and oxidative stress (F
2‐isoprostanes). Endpoints were compared based on total bilirubin levels and atazanavir status using distributionally appropriate, two‐sample tests. Correlation coefficients were determined between total bilirubin and endpoints. Linear regression was used to model the relationship between total bilirubin (and atazanavir status) and FMD.ResultsA total of 98 adults were included in the study. Total bilirubin was higher in the atazanavir group when compared to the non‐atazanavir group [median (interquartile range) 1.8 (1.1–2.6) vs. 0.6 (0.4–1.4) mg/dL; P < 0.01] as were insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and fibrinogen. Total bilirubin was positively correlated with fibrinogen and was not correlated with other outcomes. After adjustment, neither total bilirubin nor atazanavir status was associated with FMD.ConclusionsIn virologically suppressed, HIV‐infected adults on stable ART, neither total bilirubin nor atazanavir use was associated with improved endothelial function as measured using FMD, inflammation or oxidative stress as measured using biomarkers.