bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An automated analysis methodology to detect inconsistencies in web services with WSDL interfaces
Authors: Fisher Marc , Elbaum Sebastian , Rothermel Gregg 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYWeb Service Definition Language (WSDL) is being increasingly used to specify web service interfaces. Specifications of this type, however, are often incomplete or imprecise, which can create difficulties for client developers who rely on the WSDL files. To address this problem a semi‐automated methodology that probes a web service with semi‐automatically generated inputs and analyzes the resulting outputs is presented. The results of the analysis are compared to the original WSDL file and differences between the observed behavior of the service and the WSDL specifications are reported to the user. The methodology is applied in two case studies involving two popular commercial (Amazon and eBay) web services. The results show that the methodology can scale, and that it can uncover problems in the WSDL files that may impact a large number of clients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving session continuity through user mobility tracking for EPS inter‐serving gateway handover
Authors: Sou Sok‐Ian , Jeng Jeu‐Yih , Lin Phone 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe Evolved Packet System (EPS) is standardized to support a common IP‐based core network with heterogeneous radio accesses in the latest 3GPP release. In the EPS, the Policy and Charging Control (PCC) framework provides dynamic policy control combined with real‐time charging management. Long core network signaling for PCC degrades session continuity performance during handover. In this paper, we investigate the handover for an EPS session. Based on the results, we propose a proactive scheme along with a user mobility tracking model to improve session continuity. More specifically, our proposed scheme attempts to reduce PCC reauthorization signaling delay during the handover procedure. Then, we formulate a Markov process to model the user mobility pattern and to derive the session continuity probability. Numerical results show that our scheme can significantly keep the session continuity at a user acceptable level even when the mobility pattern is high. We also provide guidelines for operators to set up the network configuration parameters according to various traffic conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serial relaying communications over generalized‐gamma fading channels
Authors: Datsikas Christos K. , Peppas Kostas P. , Sagias Nikos C. , Tombras George S. 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a study on the end‐to‐end performance of multi‐hop non‐regenerative relaying networks over independent generalized‐gamma (GG) fading channels is presented. Using an upper bound for the end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), novel closed‐form expressions for the probability density function, the moments, and the moments‐generating function of the end‐to‐end SNR are presented. Based on these derived formulas, lower bounds for the outage and the average bit error probability (ABEP) are derived in closed form. Special attention is given to the low‐ and high‐SNR regions having practical interest as well as to the Nakagami fading scenario. Moreover, the performance of the considered system when employing adaptive square‐quadrature amplitude modulation is further analyzed in terms of the average spectral efficiency, the bit error outage, and the ABEP. Computer simulation results verify the tightness and the accuracy of the proposed bounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive load‐balancing association handoff approach for increasing utilization and improving GoS in mobile WiMAX networks
Authors: Hwang Ren‐Hung , Chang Ben‐Jye , Lin Yan‐Min , Liang Ying‐Hsin 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe IEEE 802.16e standard is thus proposed for supporting high data rate and dynamic mobility in WiMAX. IEEE 802.16e specifies the association handoff mechanism in the MAC layer, i.e., providing contention‐free‐based initial ranging, and thus mobile stations can perform the initial ranging early during the handoff period. An MS executing the association handoff during a scan duration is disallowed to send/receive any packets to/from the serving BS. IEEE 802.16e suffers from not determining a precision scan duration period because of losing the transmission opportunity or the response status of the received ranging response (RNG‐RSP) message. Although the MS can set a longer scan duration to complete the initial ranging procedure, it significantly degrades handoff delay and delay jitter of real‐time service flows. In addition, most handoff studies seldom considered balancing traffic load among neighbor base stations (BSs). This paper thus proposes an efficient Adaptive Load‐balancing Association handoff approach (ALA) consisting of two phases: (1) the Adaptive Association Handoff phase (AAH) and (2) the Predictive Direction‐based Load Balancing phase (PDLB), to overcome above mentioned problems. AAH proposes an adaptive re‐association mechanism to reduce lost synchronizations, and thus improve the grade of service. PDLB adopts the Polynomial Regression‐based RSS prediction algorithm to accurately predict the moving direction of mobile nodes. Numerical results demonstrate that ALA significantly outperform IEEE 802.16e and others in average handoff delay, number of handoffs, dropping probability, GoS, network utilization, and number of lost synchronizations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic virtual calibration of range‐based indoor localization systems
Authors: Barsocchi Paolo , Lenzi Stefano , Chessa Stefano , Furfari Francesco 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThe localization methods based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI) link the RSSI values to the position of the mobile to be located. In the RSSI localization techniques based on propagation models, the accuracy depends on the tuning of the propagation models parameters. In indoor wireless networks, the propagation conditions are hardly predictable due to the dynamic nature of the RSSI, and consequently the parameters of the propagation model may change. In this paper, we present an automatic virtual calibration method of the propagation model that does not require human intervention; therefore, can be periodically performed, following the wireless channel conditions. We also propose a novel RSSI‐based localization algorithm that selects the RSSI values according to their strength, and uses a calibrated propagation model to transform these values into distances, in order to estimate the position of the mobile. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR Chemical Shift and Quadrupolar Interaction Parameters of Carbon‐Coordinated 27Al in Aluminium Carbide, Al4C3
Authors: Bräuniger Thomas , Chandran C. Vinod , Wedig Ulrich , Jansen Martin 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAluminium carbide, Al4C3, was characterised by 13C and 27Al solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The 13C NMR spectra display two resonances with an intensity ratio of 1:2, which is in agreement with the reported crystal structure. The 27Al NMR spectra of Al4C3 under both static and MAS conditions were deconvoluted into two spectral components, belonging to the two aluminium species Al1 and Al2 in the crystal structure of Al4C3. The spectral fit allowed for determination of the relatively large quadrupolar coupling constants (χ ≈︁ 16 MHz) of both 27Al species. One aluminium species displayed a tendency of having a χ of slightly smaller magnitude compared to the other. By carrying out DFT calculations of the EFG tensor at the 27Al sites using the Wien2k software, we could tentatively assign the smaller χ site to be the crystallographic Al1 species. Also, the isotropic chemical shift for the carbon‐coordinated aluminium in Al4C3 could be determined, being in the range of 111 to 120 ppm. This is somewhat larger than those shift values observed for 27Al in nitrogen coordination.
Adolescent academic outcomes in school context: Network effects Reexamined
Authors: Ryabov Igor 
Published: February 2011

ABSTRACTThis study examines the role of racial/ethnic segregation and peer effects in shaping educational achievement and attainment, using multi‐level modeling on a nationally representative sample of adolescents. As in many prior studies, school socioeconomic composition was a significant predictor of achievement and attainment for students of all racial/ethnic groups. Educational attainment was negatively affected by the concentration of low‐income students. However, for some racial/ethnic groups educational attainment increased with higher concentrations of minority students. Furthermore, peer social capital, measured as the average achievement of a peer network, was a significant predictor of both educational achievement and attainment for all racial/ethnic groups. In addition, and counter to some earlier studies, results revealed that segregated peer networks among African‐Americans may lead to better academic achievement and attainment than school settings with more integrated friendship networks.
Metabolic and endocrine adverse effects of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents: A systematic review of randomized, placebo controlled trials and guidelines for clinical practice
Authors: De Hert M. , Dobbelaere M. , Sheridan E.M. , Cohen D. , Correll C.U. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSecond-generation antipsychotics (SGA) are being used more often than ever before in children and adolescents with psychotic and a wide range of non-psychotic disorders. Several SGA have received regulatory approval for some paediatric indications in various countries, but off-label use is still frequent. The aim of this paper was to perform a systematic review and critically evaluate the literature on cardiometabolic and endocrine side-effects of SGA in children and adolescents through a Medline/Pubmed/Google Scholar search of randomized, placebo controlled trials of antipsychotics in children and adolescents (<18 years old) until February 2010. In total, 31 randomized, controlled studies including 3595 paediatric patients were identified. A review of these data confirmed that SGA are associated with relevant cardiometabolic and endocrine side-effects, and that children and adolescents have a high liability to experience antipsychotic induced hyperprolactinaemia, weight gain and associated metabolic disturbances. Only weight change data were sufficiently reported to conduct a formal meta-analysis. In 24 trials of 3048 paediatric patients with varying ages and diagnoses, ziprasidone was associated with the lowest weight gain (−0.04 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.38 to +0.30), followed by aripiprazole (0.79 kg, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.04], quetiapine (1.43 kg, 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.69) and risperidone (1.76 kg, 95% CI: 1.27 to 2.25) were intermediate, and olanzapine was associated with weight gain the most (3.45 kg, 95% CI: 2.93 to 3.97). Significant weight gain appeared to be more prevalent in patients with autistic disorder who were also younger and likely less exposed to antipsychotics previously. These data clearly suggest that close screening and monitoring of metabolic side effects is warranted and that the least cardiometabolically problematic agents should be used first whenever possible. A good collaboration between child- and adolescent psychiatrists, general practitioners and paediatricians is essential to maximize overall outcomes and to reduce the likelihood of premature cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
The adverse skeletal effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Tsapakis E.M. , Gamie Z. , Tran G.T. , Adshead S. , Lampard A. , Mantalaris A. , Tsiridis E. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a widely used group of antidepressants (ADs) with reported potential detrimental effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Here, a comprehensive review of the in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies to date was carried out using the medical search engines MEDLINE (1950 to September 2010) and EMBASE (1980 to September 2010). Serotonin (5-HT) receptors have been identified on osteoclast, osteoblast and osteocyte cell lines. The effect of SSRIs on bone formation and resorption appears to be governed by the activation of a number of 5-HT receptors on osteoblasts and osteoclasts via endocrine, autocrine/paracrine and neuronal pathways. In vitro, in vivo and clinical collective data appears to indicate that SSRIs have a negative effect on bone at the therapeutic dose levels widely used for the treatment of depression in current clinical practice. Caution may therefore have to be employed with the use of SSRIs in patients at an increased risk of falls and osteoporosis. Further studies are needed in order to fully elicit the role of SSRIs in bone formation and their effects in the low oestrogen state.
Slope hummock development, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Lewkowicz Antoni G. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSlope hummocks, a type of nonsorted patterned ground, are composed of stratified, organic, silty sand, and develop through the interaction of niveo-eolian deposition, solifluction, slopewash, and vegetation growth. Fields of hummocks show consistent patterns: forms on convex slopes increase in height downslope until the channel is reached, whereas those on convexo-concave slopes increase on the upper convexity but are buried by niveo-eolian deposition downslope of the snowbank remnant. These trends can be reproduced using a simple numerical model based on measured slope and snow depth profiles, sediment concentrations in the snow and solifluction rates. The model indicates that hummocks transit slopes of 20–40 m in about 2–4 ka, a time-frame that is plausible given site emergence, measured rates of solifluction, and published dates for organic horizons within hummocks on northern Ellesmere Island. Sensitivity analyses show that long-term effect of climate warming on hummock heights may differ depending on whether it is accompanied by precipitation increase or decrease. The required combination of two-sided freezing to promote plug-like movement, incomplete vegetation cover and thin snow that enable eolian erosion during winter and spring, and vegetation growth in snow-bed sites to stabilize niveo-eolian deposits may explain why these forms are important regionally but apparently are not present throughout the Arctic.
A NOTE ON BADLY APPROXIMABLE LINEAR FORMS
Authors: HUSSAIN MUMTAZ 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the analogue of the classical badly approximable setup in which the distance to the nearest integer ‖⋅‖ is replaced by the sup norm |⋅|. In the case of one linear form we prove that the hybrid badly approximable set is of full Hausdorff dimension.
The effect of high-dose vitamin A supplementation at birth on measles incidence during the first 12 months of life in boys and girls: an unplanned study within a randomised trial
Authors: Diness Birgitte R. , Martins Cesário L. , Balé Carlitos , Garly May-Lill , Ravn Henrik , Rodrigues Amabelia , Whittle Hilton , Aaby Peter , Benn Christine S. 
Published: February 2011

Vitamin A treatment reduces mortality during acute measles infection, and vitamin A supplementation (VAS) to children above 6 months of age may reduce the incidence of measles infection. The effect of VAS at birth on measles incidence is unknown. In a randomised placebo-controlled trial in Guinea-Bissau, normal-birth-weight newborns were randomised to 50 000 IU (15 mg) VAS or placebo. During the trial, a measles epidemic occurred. We linked data from the trial with data from the measles infection surveillance and studied the effect of VAS on the measles incidence before 12 months of age in both sexes. A total of 165 measles cases were identified among the 4183 children followed from 28 d of age. Up to 6 months of age, the incidence rate ratio of measles for VAS compared with placebo was 0·54 (95 % CI 0·25, 1·15) among boys and 1·57 (95 % CI 0·80, 3·08) among girls (test of interaction, P = 0·04). The corresponding figures at 12 months were 0·67 (95 % CI 0·43, 1·05) and 1·17 (95 % CI 0·76, 1·79) (test of interaction, P = 0·08). VAS compared with placebo tended to be associated with less measles hospitalisation or death during the first 6 months of life in boys (P = 0·06), but not in girls. VAS at birth may affect the susceptibility to measles infection during the first 6 months of life in a sex-differential manner.
Red wine prevents the postprandial increase in plasma cholesterol oxidation products: a pilot study
Authors: Natella F. , Macone A. , Ramberti A. , Forte M. , Mattivi F. , Matarese R. M. , Scaccini C. 
Published: February 2011

Moderate wine consumption has been shown to lower cardiovascular risk. One of the mechanisms could involve the control of postprandial hyperlipaemia, a well-defined risk factor for atherosclerosis, reasonably by reducing the absorption of lipid oxidised species from the meal. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether wine consumption with the meal is able to reduce the postprandial increase in plasma lipid hydroperoxides and cholesterol oxidation products, in human subjects. In two different study sessions, twelve healthy volunteers consumed the same test meal rich in oxidised and oxidisable lipids (a double cheeseburger), with 300 ml of water (control) or with 300 ml of red wine (wine). The postprandial plasma concentration of cholesterol oxidation products was measured by GC–MS. The control meal induced a significant increase in the plasma concentration of lipid hydroperoxides and of two cholesterol oxidation products, 7-β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol. The postprandial increase in lipid hydroperoxides and cholesterol oxidation products was fully prevented by wine when consumed with the meal. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that consumption of wine with the meal could prevent the postprandial increase in plasma cholesterol oxidation products.
Effects of green tea catechins on the pro-inflammatory response after haemorrhage/resuscitation in rats
Authors: Relja Borna , Töttel Eva , Breig Lara , Henrich Dirk , Schneider Heinz , Marzi Ingo , Lehnert Mark 
Published: February 2011

Plant polyphenols, i.e. green tea extract (GTE), possess high antioxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity, thus being protective in various models of acute inflammation. However, their anti-inflammatory effect and a feasible mechanism in haemorrhage/resuscitation (H/R)-induced liver injury remain unknown. We investigated the effects of GTE and the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of liver injury induced by H/R, and their effects on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and neutrophil infiltration. Female Lewis rats were fed a standard chow diet (control, ctrl) or a diet containing 0·1 % polyphenolic GTE for five consecutive days before H/R. Rats were haemorrhaged to a mean arterial pressure of 30 (sem2) mmHg for 60 min and resuscitated. Control groups (sham_ctrl and sham_GTE) underwent surgical procedures without H/R. At 2 h after resuscitation, tissues were harvested. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and IL-6 were measured. Hepatic necrosis, ICAM-1 expression and polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) infiltration were assessed. Hepatic expression of IκBα (phospho) was measured. H/R induced strong liver damage with increased necrosis and serum ALT levels. Compared with both sham groups, inflammatory markers (serum IL-6 and hepatic PMNL infiltration) were elevated after H/R (P < 0·05). Also, H/R increased IκBα phosphorylation. GTE administration markedly (P < 0·05) decreased serum ALT and IL-6 levels, hepatic necrosis as well as PMNL infiltration and the expression of ICAM-1 and phosphorylated IκBα compared with H/R. In conclusion, we observed that NF-κB activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver injury after H/R through the up-regulation of hepatic ICAM-1 expression and subsequent PMNL infiltration. GTE pre-treatment prevents liver damage in this model of acute inflammation through a NF-κB-dependent mechanism.
The ethanolamide metabolite of DHA, docosahexaenoylethanolamine, shows immunomodulating effects in mouse peritoneal and RAW264.7 macrophages: evidence for a new link between fish oil and inflammation
Authors: Meijerink Jocelijn , Plastina Pierluigi , Vincken Jean-Paul , Poland Mieke , Attya Mohamed , Balvers Michiel , Gruppen Harry , Gabriele Bartolo , Witkamp Renger F. 
Published: February 2011

Several mechanisms have been proposed for the positive health effects associated with dietary consumption of long-chainn-3 PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA) including DHA (22 : 6n-3) and EPA (20 : 5n-3). After dietary intake, LC-PUFA are incorporated into membranes and can be converted to their correspondingN-acylethanolamines (NAE). However, little is known on the biological role of these metabolites. In the present study, we tested a series of unsaturated NAE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. Among the compounds tested, docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA), the ethanolamide of DHA, was found to be the most potent inhibitor, inducing a dose-dependent inhibition of NO release. Immune-modulating properties of DHEA were further studied in the same cell line, demonstrating that DHEA significantly suppressed the production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), a cytokine playing a pivotal role in chronic inflammation. In LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages, DHEA also reduced MCP-1 and NO production. Furthermore, inhibition was also found to take place at a transcriptional level, as gene expression of MCP-1 and inducible NO synthase was inhibited by DHEA. To summarise, in the present study, we showed that DHEA, a DHA-derived NAE metabolite, modulates inflammation by reducing MCP-1 and NO production and expression. These results provide new leads in molecular mechanisms by which DHA can modulate inflammatory processes.
Mechanisms for drought resistance in early maturing cvar Flordastar peach trees
Authors: MELLISHO C. D. , CRUZ Z. N. , CONEJERO W. , ORTUÑO M. F. , RODRÍGUEZ P. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYAdult early maturing peach trees (Prunus persica(L.) Batsch cvar Flordastar) grafted ontoP. persica×Prunus amygdalusGF-677 peach rootstock, were subjected to low water availability (water stress) and recovery periods for 28 and 7 days, respectively, during summer 2009. Control plants were irrigated daily at 1·3 estimated crop reference evapotranspiration (ETC) in order to obtain non-limiting soil water conditions. Active osmotic adjustment was observed at the end of the stress period. However, the magnitude of this osmotic adjustment (0·18 MPa) was not sufficient to modify the leaf water potential at turgor loss point. The observed active osmotic adjustment that maintained turgor was in contrast to other results in potted peach trees, where no osmotic adjustment was observed, and highlights the importance of field studies in which water stress is developed gradually over a prolonged period. Relative apoplastic water content (RWCa) values were high and decreased as a result of water stress. The rapid decrease in leaf conductance from the beginning of the stress period, together with the delay in stomatal reopening after rewatering, indicated that stomatal behaviour was not a simple passive response to water deficit. The results indicate that drought resistance in early maturing peach trees is based both on avoidance mechanisms, such as stomatal control and tolerance mechanisms, including active osmotic adjustment and high RWCa.