bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic and Hematologic Profile of Healthy Adults Ingesting Dietary Supplements Containing 1,3-Dimethylamylamine and Caffeine
Authors: Farney Tyler M. , McCarthy Cameron G. , Canale Robert E. , Allman Rick J. , Bloomer Richard J. 
Published: December 2011

Background 1,3-dimethylamylamine (a constituent of geranium), alone and in combination with caffeine, is widely used within dietary supplements. We have recently determined the hemodynamic effects of 1,3-dimethylamylamine and caffeine alone and in combination, using a single ingestion study. However, no study has determined the hemodynamic effects of these ingredients following chronic use. Moreover, no study has determined the effects of these ingredients on bloodborne variables related to health and safety. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to assess the hemodynamic and hematologic profile of two different dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and caffeine (in addition to other ingredients), before and after two weeks of daily intake. Methods 7 men (24.9 ± 4.2 yrs) ingested the dietary supplement Jack3d™, while 4 men and 2 women (22.5 ± 1.8 yrs) ingested the dietary supplement OxyELITE Pro™ once per day for two weeks. On days 1 and 15, resting heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured and rate pressure product (RPP) was calculated. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for complete blood counts, comprehensive metabolic panel, and lipid panel. These tests were done prior to ingestion of supplement. On days 1 and 15 following blood collection, subjects ingested the assigned supplement (2 servings) and HR, SBP, DBP, and RPP were recorded at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes post-ingestion. Results After 14 days of treatment, resting HR, SBP, DBP, and RPP were not increased ( P > 0.05). No significant changes were noted in any measured bloodborne variable, with the exception of an increase in fasting blood glucose with ingestion of Jack3d™ ( P = 0.02). In response to acute intake of the supplements, HR, DBP, and RPP were not increased statistically ( P > 0.05). SBP was increased with OxyELITE Pro™ ( P = 0.03), but not with Jack3d™ ( P = 0.09). Compared to pre-ingestion and in general, both supplements resulted in an increase in SBP, DBP, and RPP from 5%-15%, with a peak occurring at the 60 or 90 minute post-ingestion time. Conclusion Acute ingestion of OxyELITE Pro™, but not Jack3d™, results in an increase in SBP. Chronic intake of two servings per day of OxyELITE Pro™ or Jack3d™ over a 14 day period does not result in an elevation in resting HR, SBP, DBP, or RPP. No significant changes are noted in any measured bloodborne variable following 14 days of ingestion, with the exception of blood glucose with Jack3d™. Longer term intervention studies inclusive of larger sample sizes are needed to extend these findings.
Filters in C*-Algebras
Authors: Matthew Bice Tristan 
Published: December 2011

AbstractIn this paper we analyze states on C*-algebras and their relationship to filter-like structures of projections and positive elements in the unit ball. After developing the basic theory we use this to investigate the Kadison–Singer conjecture, proving its equivalence to an apparently quite weak paving conjecture and the existence of unique maximal centred extensions of projections coming from ultrafilters on the natural numbers. We then prove that Reid's positive answer to this for q-points in fact also holds for rapid p-points, and that maximal centred filters are obtained in this case. We then show that consistently, such maximal centred filters do not exist at all meaning that, for every pure state on the Calkin algebra, there exists a pair of projections on which the state is 1, even though the state is bounded strictly below 1 for projections below this pair. Next, we investigate towers, using cardinal invariant equalities to construct towers on the natural numbers that do and do not remain towers when canonically embedded into the Calkin algebra. Finally, we show that consistently, all towers on the natural numbers remain towers under this embedding.
Diurnal Variation of the Tear Osmolarity in Normal Subjects Measured by a New Microchip System
Authors: Oncel Banu Açikalin , Pinarci Eylem , Akova Yonca A. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose To show the diurnal variation of tear osmolarity in normal subjects. Methods Thirty volunteers were recruited. Tear osmolarity was measured with TearLab osmolarity system at 3-hour regular intervals between 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM. One-way analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis. Results Thirty healthy volunteers (all men) with a mean age of 29.6±4.3 years (range 18-45) were recruited. The difference between measurements at 8:00 AM and 11:00 AM, 8:00 AM and 2:00 PM, 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM, 11:00 AM and 2:00 PM, 11:00 AM and 5:00 PM, and 2:00 PM and 5:00 PM were not statistically significant (one-way analysis of variance test, p>0.05). Conclusions In normal subjects, tear osmolarity seems to have a stable profile during the daytime.
Application of 10% Povidone Iodine Reduces Conjunctival Bacterial Contamination Rate in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Authors: Nentwich Martin M. , Rajab Mohammed , Ta Christopher N. , He Lisa , Grueterich Martin , Haritoglou Christos , Gandorfer Arnd , Kampik Anselm , De Kaspar Herminia Mino 
Published: December 2011

Purpose To determine the efficacy of 10% povidone iodine (PVI) drops given before cataract extraction in addition to routine irrigation of the conjunctival sac with 1% PVI. Methods This prospective, randomized, single-center study at the Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, includes 263 eyes of 242 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Patients were randomized to receive 3 drops of 10% PVI into the conjunctival sac (study group) or no PVI drops (control group). All patients underwent periorbital disinfection with 10% PVI followed by irrigation of the conjunctiva with 10 mL of 1% PVI. Specimens were obtained prior to the application of PVI, after antibiotic administration (T1), after irrigation with PVI but before surgery (T2), and at the conclusion of surgery (T3). Results After PVI disinfection, the number of positive cultures was significantly reduced in all groups (p<0.0001) from 69%-93% at T1 to 1%-16% at T3. In outpatients, the study group showed significantly fewer positive cultures at the conclusion of surgery compared to the control group (4% vs 16%; p=0.03). Also in inpatients significant fewer positive cultures were found in the study group compared to the control group at T2 (12% vs 28%; p=0.03) and at T3 (1% vs 10%; p=0.03). Conclusions Three additional drops of 10% PVI prior to surgery provided additional benefit by reducing the conjunctival bacterial contamination rate even in the setting of preoperative irrigation of the conjunctiva with 1% PVI.
Thermal Analysis, Mechanical and Rheological Behaviour of Melt Manufactured Polyethylene/Liquid Crystal Polymer Blends
Authors: ELKSNITE Ilze , MERIJS-MERI Remo , REINHOLDS Ingars , KALKIS Valdis , ZICANS Janis , KALNINS Martins 
Published: December 2011

Modification of properties of conventional thermoplastics with thermotropic liquid crystal polymers, from one hand, allows decrease their viscosities, substantially facilitating processing conditions, and, from another hand, allows increase their exploitation properties. Orientation of the labile structure of liquid crystal polymer in extrusion or injection moulding causes specific reinforcement (so-called self-reinforcement) to occur in the blends containing liquid crystal polymer. Up to now the effect of self-reinforcement is mostly investigated in the blends, containing considerable amount of liquid crystal polymer. In this research the effect of minor amounts of liquid crystalline co-polyester modifier on the properties of polyethylene is investigated. Various compositions of laboratory synthesized hydroxybenzoic acid /polyethylene terephtalate copolymer containing polyethylene composites have been manufactured by thermoplastic blending. It has been observed that 1) modulus of elasticity, yield strength and ultimate strength increase with raising the content of liquid crystalline modifier; 2) void content in the investigated polyethylene/liquid crystal copolymer composites is not greater that 1 %; 3) addition of liquid crystalline co-polyester modifier improves arrangement of PE crystalline phase.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.483
Frequency Dependent Electrical Properties of Ferroelectric Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 Thin Film
Authors: SAIF Ala’eddin A. , ZAHID JAMAL Zul Azhar , SAULI Zaliman , POOPALAN Prabakaran 
Published: December 2011

The frequency dependent electrical parameters, such as impedance, electric modulus, dielectric constant and AC conductivity for ferroelectric Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin film have been investigated within the range of 1 Hz and 106 Hz at room temperature. Z* plane shows two regions corresponding to the bulk mechanism and the distribution of the grain boundaries-electrodes process. M" versus frequency plot reveals a relaxation peak, which is not observed in the ε″ plot and it has been found that this peak is a non-Debye-type. The frequency dependent conductivity plot shows three regions of conduction processes, i. e., a low-frequency region due to DC conduction, a mid-frequency region due to translational hopping motions and a high-frequency region due to localized hopping and/or reorientational motion.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.490
On the Properties of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: ŽALGA Artūras , ABAKEVIČIENĖ Brigita , ŽARKOV Aleksej , BEGANSKIENĖ Aldona , KAREIVA Aivaras , TAMULEVIČIUS Sigitas 
Published: December 2011

The synthesis of nanostructured films of 20 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 on corundum (Al2O3) substrates was performed from different sols using dip-coating technique. All obtained samples were repeatedly annealed at 800 °C temperature after each dipping procedure and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD data exhibited that at 800 °C temperature nano-sized Y0.2Zr0.8O2 thin films with cubic (Fm-3m) crystal structure have been formed. The morphological features of obtained coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface tension and hydrophility of the synthesized films were determined by contact angle measurements (CAM).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.491
Health Care Workers' Ability and Willingness to Report to Work During Public Health Emergencies
Authors: Stergachis Andy , Garberson Lisa , Lien Onora , D'Ambrosio Luann , Sangaré Laura , Dold Cynthia 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTObjectives: We conducted a county-wide survey to assess the ability and willingness of health care workers to report to work during a pandemic influenza and a severe earthquake and to identify barriers and strategies that would help them report to work.Methods: A stratified random sample of 9211 health care workers was selected from the Washington state licensure database and from health care agencies. We assessed correlates between self-reported ability and willingness to report to work and demographic and employer-related variables under two scenarios, influenza pandemic and a severe earthquake.Results: For the influenza pandemic scenario, 95% of respondents reported that they would be able and 89% reported that they would be willing to report to their usual place of work. Seventy-four percent of respondents reported that they would be able and 88% would be willing to report to their usual place of work following a severe earthquake. The most frequently cited strategies that would help respondents report to work during an influenza pandemic were the availability of anti-viral influenza treatment and the ability to work from home. For persons with children at home, the strategy to increase ability to report to work during an earthquake was the availability of child care.Conclusions: The majority of the King County health care workforce is willing and able to respond to an influenza pandemic or a severe earthquake.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:300–308)
Overview of Drug Product Development
Authors: Narayan Padma 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe process for developing drug delivery systems has evolved over the past two decades with more scientific rigor, involving a collaboration of various fields, i.e., biology, chemistry, engineering, and pharmaceutics. Drug products, also commonly known in the pharmaceutical industry as formulations or “dosage forms,” are used for administering the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for purposes of assessing safety in preclinical models, early‐ to late‐phase human clinical trials, and for routine clinical/commercial use. This overview discusses approaches for creating small‐molecule API dosage forms, from preformulation to commercial manufacturing. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 55:7.3.1‐7.3.29. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ICON Probes: Synthesis and DNA Methylation Typing
Authors: Tainaka Kazuki , Okamoto Akimitsu 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDNA methylation and demethylation significantly affect the deactivation and activation processes of gene expression, respectively. The determination of the location and frequency of DNA methylation is important for the elucidation of the mechanisms of cell differentiation and carcinogenesis and may be a useful and effective index for cancer diagnosis. We have developed an artificial DNA probe that induces a methylation detection reaction of a target cytosine in a long DNA sequence (ICON probe). This artificial DNA allows the rapid detection of a methyl group attached at the C5 position of the target cytosine. In addition, there is no nonspecific cleavage of genomic DNA in this reaction. The ICON probe also facilitates the quantification of methylation at the target cytosine using a small amount of genomic DNA sample. This unit provides a procedure for synthesizing bipyridine‐modified adenosine phosphoramidite and preparation of ICON probes. Additionally, the protocol for the methylation quantification experiments by quantitative PCR utilizing ICON probes is also presented. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 47:8.7.1‐8.7.17. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrical Power From Nanotube and Graphene Electrochemical Thermal Energy Harvesters
Authors: Kang Tae June , Fang Shaoli , Kozlov Mikhail E. , Haines Carter S. , Li Na , Kim Yong Hyup , Chen Yongsheng , Baughman Ray H. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractNanocarbon‐based thermocells involving aqueous potassium ferro/ferricyanide electrolyte are investigated as an alternative to conventional thermoelectrics for thermal energy harvesting. The dependencies of power output on thermocell parameters, such as cell orientation, electrode size, electrode spacing, electrolyte concentration and temperature, are examined to provide practical design elements and principles. Observation of thermocell discharge behavior provides an understanding of the three primary internal resistances (i.e., activation, ohmic and mass transport overpotentials). The power output from nanocarbon thermocells is found to be mainly limited by the ohmic resistance of the electrolyte and restrictions on mass transport in the porous nanocarbon electrode due to pore tortuosity. Based on these fundamental studies, a comparison of power generation is conducted using various nanocarbon electrodes, including purified single‐walled and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (P‐SWNTs and P‐MWNTs, respectively), unpurified SWNTs, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and P‐SWNT/RGO composite. The P‐SWNT thermocell has the highest specific power generation per electrode weight (6.8 W/kg for a temperature difference of 20 °C), which is comparable to that for the P‐MWNT electrode. The RGO thermocell electrode provides a substantially lower specific power generation (3.9 W/kg).
Efficient Polymer Solar Cells Based on Poly(3‐hexylthiophene):Indene‐C70 Bisadduct with a MoO3 Buffer Layer
Authors: Fan Xi , Cui Chaohua , Fang Guojia , Wang Jinzhao , Li Songzhan , Cheng Fei , Long Hao , Li Yongfang 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPolymer solar cells (PSCs) with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a donor, an indene‐C70 bisadduct (IC70BA) as an acceptor, a layer of indium tin oxide modified by MoO3 as a positive electrode, and Ca/Al as a negative electrode are presented. The photovoltaic performance of the PSCs was optimized by controlling spin‐coating time (solvent annealing time) and thermal annealing, and the effect of the spin‐coating times on absorption spectra, X‐ray diffraction patterns, and transmission electron microscopy images of P3HT/IC70BA blend films were systematically investigated. Optimized PSCs were obtained from P3HT/IC70BA (1:1, w/w), which exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 6.68%. The excellent performance of the PSCs is attributed to the higher crystallinity of P3HT and better a donor–acceptor interpenetrating network of the active layer prepared under the optimized conditions. In addition, PSCs with a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxy‐thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) buffer layer under the same optimized conditions showed a PCE of 6.20%. The results indicate that the MoO3 buffer layer in the PSCs based on P3HT/IC70BA is superior to that of the PEDOT:PSS buffer layer, not only showing a higher device stability but also resulting in a better photovoltaic performance of the PSCs.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Boronic Acids to Vinylogous Imines Generated in situ from Sulfonylindoles
Authors: Cao Liang‐Liang , Ye Zhi‐Shi , Jiang Guo‐Fang , Zhou Yong‐Gui 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to vinylogous imines generated in situ from sulfonylindoles has been developed. This procedure provided a rapid approach to C‐3 sec‐alkyl‐substituted indoles.
Sepiapterin reductase deficiency: A Treatable Mimic of Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Friedman Jennifer , Roze Emmanuel , Abdenur Jose E. , Chang Richard , Gasperini Serena , Saletti Veronica , Wali Gurusidheshwar M. , Eiroa Hernan , Neville Brian , Felice Alex , Parascandalo Ray , Zafeiriou Dimitrios I. , Arrabal‐Fernandez Luisa , Dill Patricia , Eichler Florian S. , Echenne Bernard , Gutierrez‐Solana Luis G. , Hoffmann Georg F. , Hyland Keith , Kusmierska Katarzyna , Tijssen Marina A. J. , Lutz Thomas , Mazzuca Michel , Penzien Johann , Poll‐The Bwee Tien , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Szymanska Krystyna , Thöny Beat , Blau Nenad 
Published: December 2011

AbstractObjective:Sepiapterin reductase deficiency (SRD) is an under‐recognized levodopa‐responsive disorder. We describe clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings in a cohort of patients with this treatable condition. We aim to improve awareness of the phenotype and available diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to reduce delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis, optimize management, and improve understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms.Methods:Forty‐three individuals with SRD were identified from 23 international medical centers. The phenotype and treatment response were assessed by chart review using a detailed standardized instrument and by literature review for cases for which records were unavailable.Results:In most cases, motor and language delays, axial hypotonia, dystonia, weakness, oculogyric crises, and diurnal fluctuation of symptoms with sleep benefit become evident in infancy or childhood. Average age of onset is 7 months, with delay to diagnosis of 9.1 years. Misdiagnoses of cerebral palsy (CP) are common. Most patients benefit dramatically from levodopa/carbidopa, often with further improvement with the addition of 5‐hydroxytryptophan. Cerebrospinal fluid findings are distinctive. Diagnosis is confirmed by mutation analysis and/or enzyme activity measurement in cultured fibroblasts.Interpretation:Common, clinical findings of SRD, aside from oculogyric crises and diurnal fluctuation, are nonspecific and mimic CP with hypotonia or dystonia. Patients usually improve dramatically with treatment. Consequently, we recommend consideration of SRD not only in patients with levodopa‐responsive motor disorders, but also in patients with developmental delays with axial hypotonia, and patients with unexplained or atypical presumed CP. Biochemical investigation of cerebrospinal fluid is the preferred method of initial investigation. Early diagnosis and treatment are recommended to prevent ongoing brain dysfunction. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Effect of 2,2‐dimethyl malonate on the volume shrinkage control of the CaCO3/unsaturated polyester resin composites
Authors: Yan Yu , Wang Hui , Wang Xiao‐Jun , Zhu Wen‐Wen 
Published: December 2011

AbstractShrinkage is critical to the unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composite materials. Shrinkage influences the surface appearance, thus leading to warpage, internal cracks, and depression on the surface of the composite materials' products. Some studies and technologies have been conducted to controll the shrinkage. In this study, we presented 2,2‐dimethyl malonate as an anti‐shrinkage agent, which was different from the previous thermoplastic macromolecular agents. The shrinkage level of the CaCO3/UPR matrix dropped to zero with 12% 2,2‐dimethyl malonate by mass of UPR. The bending strength of CaCO3/UPR matrix with 2,2‐dimethyl malonate was also higher than that with the same adding amount of commercial thermoplastic agents at the low‐shrinkage level (below 0.25%) and the micro‐shrinkage level (below 0.08%). A reaction including two stages was proposed on the supporting of DSC and FTIR investigations. From the analysis results, we deduced that the first stage of the reaction was the esterification between 2,2‐dimethyl malonate and UPR, which did not occur in the UPR containing general thermoplastic anti‐shrinkage agent, and the second stage was restraining the cross polymerization of UPR, same to the reaction processes of general macromolecular anti‐shrinkage agents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
ABS nanocomposite films based on functionalized‐graphene sheets
Authors: Heo Cheol , Moon Hyun‐Gon , Yoon Choon Sup , Chang Jin‐Hae 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAcrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS)/functionalized‐graphene nanocomposites were synthesized using the solution‐blending method in chloroform. A dispersion of graphite oxide was added to a solution of the ammonium salt of octadecylamine (C18) to form octadecylamine‐graphene (C18‐graphene), which was then used as a functionalized graphene in the preparation of ABS nanocomposite films. ABS nanocomposite films with different C18‐graphene contents (0–3 wt %) were compared in terms of their thermomechanical properties and morphology. Despite the relatively low C18‐graphene loadings studied, the nanocomposite films exhibited greatly improved thermomechanical properties compared with pure ABS. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011