bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Validation of a Vision-Dependent Activities of Daily Living Instrument on Adults With Homonymous Hemianopia
Authors: Mennem Tonya A. , Warren Mary , Yuen Hon K. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study sought to validate the use of the Self-Report Assessment of Functional Visual Performance (SRAFVP) as a measure of the severity of activity of daily living (ADL) limitations in people with homonymous hemianopia (HH).
METHOD. Thirty adults with HH from stroke rated their level of difficulty in completing the SRAFVP.
RESULTS. The Cronbach’s αs of the SRAFVP and its three subscales (Reading, Eye–Hand Coordination, and Functional Mobility) ranged from .73 to .99. All three subscales were significantly correlated with each other and with the total SRAFVP score. Paired t tests revealed that Functional Mobility was significantly less difficult for participants to complete than Reading or Eye–Hand Coordination. Participants with complete HH reported greater difficulty in completing the Reading tasks than those with macular sparing.
CONCLUSION. The SRAFVP demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity in evaluating the severity of ADL impairment in people with HH.
FOXL2 Mutations in Granulosa Cell Tumors Occurring in Males
Authors: Lima Joema F. , Jin Long , de Araujo Ana Rose C. , Erikson-Johnson Michele R. , Oliveira Andre M. , Sebo Thomas J. , Keeney Gary L. , Medeiros Fabiola 
Published: June 2012

Context.—Granulosa cell tumors comprise less than 5% of ovarian tumors in women and are much rarer in men, with only about 20 cases reported, to our knowledge. Recently, a somatic mutation of FOXL2 was reported in virtually all adult-type granulosa cell tumors in women.
Objective.—To investigate FOXL2 mutations in granulosa cell tumors occurring in males.
Design.—Five cases of an adult-type granulosa cell tumor from males were selected from the files of the Mayo Clinic. Nine other testicular tumors (1 juvenile granulosa cell tumor, 5 Leydig cell tumors, and 3 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors) were evaluated for comparison. Inhibin immunostain was performed in all cases. DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, followed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of FOXL2.
Results.—All 5 cases had classic histopathologic features of the adult-type granulosa cell tumor. Inhibin was diffusely positive in all cases. FOXL2 402C→G (C134W) was identified in 40% (2 of 5) of the male, adult-type granulosa cell tumors. Of the 2 tumors positive for the mutation, 1 occurred in the testis of a man, and the other one affected the abdominal ovaries of a phenotypically male patient. All other testicular tumors were negative for the mutation.
Conclusions.—The FOXL2 402C→G (C134W) mutation is also present in adult-type granulosa cell tumors occurring in men, although in a smaller proportion when compared with the rates reported in women. FOXL2 mutational analysis can be a helpful in the diagnosis of granulosa cell tumors of the testis.
Nonneoplastic Lesions That Simulate Primary Tumors of Bone
Authors: Remotti Fabrizio , Feldman Frieda 
Published: June 2012

Context.—The skeletal system may be affected by a variety of nonneoplastic lesions, which may potentially be confused with primary bone tumors on clinical, radiologic, and pathologic grounds. These conditions include fractures, infections, and reactive and degenerative processes, as well as an array of quasineoplastic entities, such as intramedullary cystic lesions like unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts; fibro-osseous lesions, such as fibrous dysplasia; and exophytic entities, like osteochondromas.
Objective.—To review clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of nonneoplastic lesions of bone, discussing the difficulties in diagnosis and the differential diagnosis with primary neoplasms of bone.
Data Sources.—The sources include the more relevant medical literature on the different subjects and case-derived material.
Conclusions.—Because many nonneoplastic bone lesions may require biopsy or resection, the general surgical pathologist must be familiar with these lesions and be aware that review of hematoxylin-eosin slides is only one of the many steps in the diagnostic process, which also includes review of imaging studies and all available clinical information. Morphologic analysis disconnected from the clinical and radiographic context may lead to misinterpretation.
An Update on Celiac Disease Histopathology and the Road Ahead
Authors: Bao Fei , Green Peter H.R , Bhagat Govind 
Published: June 2012

Context.—Celiac disease (CD) is a common immune-mediated disorder that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals (carriers of HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes) on consumption of wheat (gluten). It is characterized by inflammation of the small-intestinal mucosa and myriad gastrointestinal and systemic manifestations. Celiac disease is common in the general population (prevalence, 0.5%–1%). Currently, small-bowel biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing CD. However, the role of serologic testing in the diagnosis of CD has evolved, from being a supportive test to supplanting intestinal biopsies in certain patient populations.Objective.—To summarize key aspects of histopathologic assessment, discuss the benefit of standardized pathology reports, impact of the site and number of small-bowel biopsy samples on diagnosis, and recommendations regarding serologic testing.Data Sources.—Literature review of publications on CD and experience with histopathologic review of biopsies at the Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York.Conclusions.—Intraepithelial lymphocytosis in the context of villous atrophy is considered a characteristic histologic finding of CD; however, it is a rather nonspecific finding. A growing list of publications has also indicated that the detection of intraepithelial lymphocytosis in the absence of villous atrophy has rather low specificity for CD. Therefore, communication between pathologists and gastroenterologists is paramount, as is knowledge regarding the pertinent clinical and laboratory data, in distinguishing between CD and other disorders with similar histopathologic and clinical manifestations.
Isotopic reconstruction of human diet and animal husbandry practices during the Classical‐Hellenistic, imperial, and Byzantine periods at Sagalassos, Turkey
Authors: Fuller Benjamin T. , De Cupere Bea , Marinova Elena , Van Neer Wim , Waelkens Marc , Richards Michael P. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAn isotopic reconstruction of human dietary patterns and livestock management practices (herding, grazing, foddering, etc.) is presented here from the sites of Düzen Tepe and Sagalassos in southwestern Turkey. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were determined from bone collagen extracted from humans (n = 49) and animals (n = 454) from five distinct time periods: Classical‐Hellenistic (400–200 BC), Early to Middle Imperial (25 BC–300 AD), Late Imperial (300–450 AD), Early Byzantine (450–600 AD), and Middle Byzantine (800–1200 AD). The humans had protein sources that were based on C3 plants and terrestrial animals. During the Classical‐Hellenistic period, all of the domestic animals had δ13C and δ15N signatures that clustered together; evidence that the animals were herded in the same area or kept in enclosures and fed on similar foods. The diachronic analysis of the isotopic trends in the dogs, cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats highlighted subtle but distinct variations in these animals. The δ13C values of the dogs and cattle increased (reflecting C4 plant consumption) during the Imperial and Byzantine periods, but the pigs and the goats displayed little change and a constant C3 plant‐based diet. The sheep had a variable δ13C pattern reflecting periods of greater and lesser consumption of C4 plants in the diet. In addition, the δ15N values of the dogs, pigs, cattle, and sheep increase substantially from the Classical‐Hellenistic to the Imperial periods reflecting a possible increase in protein consumption, but the goats showed a decrease. Finally, these isotopic results are discussed in the context of zooarcheological, archeobotanical, and trace element evidence. Am J Phys Anthropol 149:157–171, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of restricted marital practices on genetic variation in an endogamous Gujarati group
Authors: Pemberton Trevor J. , Li Fang‐Yuan , Hanson Erin K. , Mehta Niyati U. , Choi Sunju , Ballantyne Jack , Belmont John W. , Rosenberg Noah A. , Tyler‐Smith Chris , Patel Pragna I. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRecent studies have examined the influence on patterns of human genetic variation of a variety of cultural practices. In India, centuries‐old marriage customs have introduced extensive social structuring into the contemporary population, potentially with significant consequences for genetic variation. Social stratification in India is evident as social classes that are defined by endogamous groups known as castes. Within a caste, there exist endogamous groups known as gols (marriage circles), each of which comprises a small number of exogamous gotra (lineages). Thus, while consanguinity is strictly avoided and some randomness in mate selection occurs within the gol, gene flow is limited with groups outside the gol. Gujarati Patels practice this form of “exogamic endogamy.” We have analyzed genetic variation in one such group of Gujarati Patels, the Chha Gaam Patels (CGP), who comprise individuals from six villages. Population structure analysis of 1,200 autosomal loci offers support for the existence of distinctive multilocus genotypes in the CGP with respect to both non‐Gujaratis and other Gujaratis, and indicates that CGP individuals are genetically very similar. Analysis of Y‐chromosomal and mitochondrial haplotypes provides support for both patrilocal and patrilineal practices within the gol, and a low‐level of female gene flow into the gol. Our study illustrates how the practice of gol endogamy has introduced fine‐scale genetic structure into the population of India, and contributes more generally to an understanding of the way in which marriage practices affect patterns of genetic variation. Am J PhyAnthropol 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Color changes in modern and fossil teeth induced by synchrotron microtomography
Authors: Richards Gary D. , Jabbour Rebecca S. , Horton Caroline F. , Ibarra Caitlin L. , MacDowell Alastair A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractStudies using synchrotron microtomography have shown that this radiographic imaging technique provides highly informative microanatomical data from modern and fossil bones and teeth without the need for physical sectioning. The method is considered to be nondestructive; however, researchers using the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility have reported that color changes sometimes occur in teeth during submicron scanning. Using the Advanced Light Source, we tested for color changes during micron‐level scanning and for postexposure effects of ultraviolet light. We exposed a 2.0‐mm wide strip (band) to synchrotron light in 32 specimens, using multiple energy levels and scan durations. The sample included modern and fossilized teeth and bone. After scanning, the specimens were exposed to fluorescent and direct ultraviolet light. All teeth showed color changes caused by exposure to synchrotron radiation. The resulting color bands varied in intensity but were present even at the lowest energy and shortest duration of exposure. Color bands faded during subsequent exposure to fluorescent and ultraviolet light, but even after extensive ultraviolet exposure, 67% (8/12) of UV‐exposed teeth retained some degree of induced color. We found that the hydroxyapatite crystals, rather than the organic component, are the targets of change, and that diagenesis appears to impact color retention. Color changes have significance beyond aesthetics. They are visible indicators of ionization (chemical change) and, therefore, of potential physical damage. It is important for researchers to recognize that synchrotron microtomography may damage specimens, but adopting suitable safeguards and procedures may moderate or eliminate this damage. Am J Phys Anthropol 149:172–180, 2012. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studying and polishing the PDB's macromolecules
Authors: Richardson Jane S. , Richardson David C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMacromolecular crystal structures are among the best of scientific data, providing detailed insight into these complex and biologically important molecules with a relatively low level of error and subjectivity. However, there are two notable problems with getting the most information from them. The first is that the models are not perfect: there is still opportunity for improving them, and users need to evaluate whether the local reliability in a structure is up to answering their question of interest. The second is that protein and nucleic acid molecules are highly complex and individual, inherently handed and three‐dimensional, and the cooperative and subtle interactions that govern their detailed structure and function are not intuitively evident. Thus there is a real need for graphical representations and descriptive classifications that enable molecular 3D literacy. We have spent our career working to understand these elegant molecules ourselves, and building tools to help us and others determine and understand them better. The Protein Data Bank (PDB) has of course been vital and central to this undertaking. Here we combine some history of our involvement as depositors, illustrators, evaluators, and end‐users of PDB structures with commentary on how best to study and draw scientific inferences from them. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 170–182, 2013.
Analysis of two methods to evaluate antioxidants
Authors: Tomasina Florencia , Carabio Claudio , Celano Laura , Thomson Leonor 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis exercise is intended to introduce undergraduate biochemistry students to the analysis of antioxidants as a biotechnological tool. In addition, some statistical resources will also be used and discussed. Antioxidants play an important metabolic role, preventing oxidative stress‐mediated cell and tissue injury. Knowing the antioxidant content of nutritional components can help make informed decisions about diet design, and increase the commercial value of antioxidant‐rich natural products. As a reliable and convenient technique to evaluate the whole spectrum of antioxidants present in biological samples is lacking, the general consensus is to use more than one technique. We have chosen two widely used and inexpensive methods, Trolox‐equivalent antioxidant capacity and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assays, to evaluate the antioxidant content of several fruits, and to compare and analyze the correlation between both assays. © 2012 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Standalone balloon aortic valvuloplasty: Indications and outcomes from the UK in the transcatheter valve era
Authors: Khawaja Muhammed Z. , Sohal Manav , Valli Haseeb , Dworakowski Rafal , Pettit Stephen J. , Roy David , Newton James , Schneider Heiko , Manoharan Ganesh , Doshi Sagar , Muir Douglas , Roberts David , Nolan James , Gunning Mark , Densem Cameron , Spence Mark S. , Chowdhary Saqib , Mahadevan Vaikom S. , Brecker Stephen J. , MacCarthy Philip , Mullen Michael , Stables Rodney H. , Prendergast Bernard D. , de Belder Adam , Thomas Martyn , Redwood Simon , Hildick‐Smith David 
Published: June 2012

ObjectivesWe sought to characterize UK‐wide balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) experience in the TAVI era.BackgroundBAV for acquired calcific aortic stenosis is in a phase of renaissance, largely due to the development of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).MethodsData from 423 patients at 14 centers across the UK were analyzed.ResultsPatients were aged 80.9 ± 9.5 years; 52.5% were male. Mean logistic EuroScore was 27.3% ± 16.8%. Mean peak transaortic gradient fell from 62.0 ± 26.3 to 28.3 ± 16.2 mm Hg. Aortic valve area increased from 0.58 ± 0.19 to 0.80 ± 0.25 cm2 echocardiographically. Procedural complication rate was 6.3%, comprising death (2.4%), blood transfusion ≥2 U (1.2%), cardiac tamponade (1.0%), stroke (1.0%), vascular surgical repair (1.0%), coronary embolism (0.5%), and permanent pacemaker (0.2%). Mortality was 13.8% at 30 days and 36.3% at 12 months. Subsequently, 18.3% of patients underwent TAVI and 7.0% sAVR, with improved survival compared to those who had no further intervention (logrank < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that survival was adversely effected by the presence of coronary artery disease (HR 1.53, 95%CI 1.08–2.17, P = 0.018), poor LV function (HR 1.54, 95%CI 1.09–2.16, P = 0.014), and either urgent (HR 1.70, 95%CI 1.18–2.45; P = 0.004) or emergent presentation (HR 3.72, 95%CI 2.27–6.08; P < 0.0001).ConclusionBalloon aortic valvuloplasty offers good immediate hemodynamic efficacy at an acceptable risk of major complications. Medium‐term prognosis is poor in the absence of definitive therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chiroptical Signatures of Life and Fundamental Physics
Authors: Macdermott Alexandra J. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to inspire experimentalists to carry out proposed new chiroptical experiments springing from the theoretical study of the role of parity violation in the origin of biomolecular homochirality and to provide a brief update on the current status of calculations of the electroweak parity‐violating energy difference (PVED) between enantiomers. If the PVED did select life's handedness, we would expect to find life on other planets consistently using the same hand as terrestrial biochemistry. Much more importantly, even finding the “wrong” hand (rather than a racemic mixture) on another planet could be the homochiral signature of life, and we discuss our proposal for chiroptical detection of life on extra‐solar planets. The PVED may also have an exciting future as a “molecular footprint” of fundamental physics: comparison of calculated PVEDs with measured values could one day allow chemists to do “table‐top particle physics” more cheaply with improved chiroptical techniques instead of ever larger particle accelerators. We discuss our proposed chiroptical method to measure the PVED by using molecular beams. To our knowledge, optical rotation has not yet been measured in molecular beams, but the rewards of doing so include a host of other “first ever” results in addition to measurement of the PVED. Chirality 24:764–769, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diastereomeric Resolution of Racemic o‐Chloromandelic Acid
Authors: Wang Pei , Zhang En , Zhao Peng , Ren Qing‐Hua , Guan Yuan‐Yuan , Liu Hong‐Min 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe separation of rac‐o‐chloromandelic acid 1 with enantiopure aryloxypropylamine via diastereomeric salt formation was investigated. (R)‐o‐chloromandelic acid (R)‐1, a key intermediate for the antithrombotic agent clopidogrel, was obtained in 65% yield and 98% ee by Dutch resolution of rac‐1 with (S)‐2‐hydroxyl‐3‐(p‐chlorophenoxy) propylamine (S)‐5 as resolving agent and (S)‐2‐hydroxyl‐3‐(o‐nitrophenoxy) propylamine (S)‐4 as nucleation inhibitor. Chirality 24:1013–1017, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct Enantioseparation of Nitrogen‐heterocyclic Pesticides on Amylose‐tris‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate) by Reversed‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Yang Wenwen , Qiu Jing , Chen Tianjin , Yang Shuming , Hou Shicong 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTIn this study, 11 nitrogen‐heterocyclic pesticides were stereoselectively separated on amylose‐tris‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate) chiral stationary phase, using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and optical rotation detector at 426 nm. The effects of mobile phase composition and column temperature (5–40 °C) on separation were investigated. When acetonitrile and water were used as mobile phase, satisfactory separations were obtained on amylose‐tris‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate) for four pesticides with elution orders of (+)/(−)‐simeconazole (1), (−)/(+)‐nuarimol (3), (−)/(+)‐carfentrazone‐ethyl (4), and (−)/(+)/(−)/(+)‐bromuconazole (9) and part separations for three with elution orders of (−)/(+)‐famoxadone (6), (+)/(−)‐fenbuconazole (10), and (−)/(+)‐triapenthenol (11). Only two chromatographic peaks on diode array detector were obtained for diclobutrazol (2), cyproconazole (5), etaconazole (7), and metconazole (8), although they should have four stereoisomers in theory because of presences of two chiral centers in molecules. The stereoisomeric optical signals of all pesticides did not reverse with temperature changes but would reverse with different solvent types for some pesticides. These results will be useful to prepare and analyze individual enantiomers of chiral pesticides. Chirality 24:1031–1036, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial variations in surface sediment structure in riffle–pool sequences: a preliminary test of the Differential Sediment Entrainment Hypothesis (DSEH)
Authors: Hodge Rebecca A. , Sear David A. , Leyland Julian 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTRiffle–pool sequences are maintained through the preferential entrainment of sediment grains from pools rather than riffles. This preferential entrainment has been attributed to a reversal in the magnitude of velocity and shear stress under high flows; however the Differential Sediment Entrainment Hypothesis (DSEH) postulates that differential entrainment can instead result from spatial sedimentological contrasts. Here we use a novel suite of in situ grain‐scale field measurements from a riffle–pool sequence to parameterize a physically‐based model of grain entrainment. Field measurements include pivoting angles, lift forces and high resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) acquired using terrestrial laser scanning, from which particle exposure, protrusion and surface roughness were derived. The entrainment model results show that grains in pools have a lower critical entrainment shear stress than grains in either pool exits or riffles. This is because pool grains have looser packing, hence greater exposure and lower pivoting angles. Conversely, riffle and pool exit grains have denser packing, lower exposure and higher pivoting angles. A cohesive matrix further stabilizes pool exit grains. The resulting predictions of critical entrainment shear stress for grains in different subunits are compared with spatial patterns of bed shear stress derived from a two‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the reach. The CFD model predicts that, under bankfull conditions, pools experience lower shear stresses than riffles and pool exits. However, the difference in sediment entrainment shear stress is sufficiently large that sediment in pools is still more likely to be entrained than sediment in pool exits or riffles, resulting in differential entrainment under bankfull flows. Significantly, this differential entrainment does not require a reversal in flow velocities or shear stress, suggesting that sedimentological contrasts alone may be sufficient for the maintenance of riffle–pool sequences. This finding has implications for the prediction of sediment transport and the morphological evolution of gravel‐bed rivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.