bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density and Composition of Cohabiting Bacteria in Chlorella vulgaris CCAP 211/21A Is Influenced by Changes in Nutrient Supply
Authors: Almalki Wasayf J. , Nwokeoji Alison O. , Vaidyanathan Seetharaman 
Published: May 2024

Microalgae have considerable potential as a renewable feedstock for biochemical and bioethanol production that can be employed in processes associated with carbon capture. Large-scale microalgae cultivations are often non-axenic and are often cohabited by bacteria. A better understanding of the influence of cohabiting bacteria on microalgae productivity is required to develop sustainable synthetic co-culture processes at scale. Nutrient limitation is a frequently employed strategy in algal cultivations to accumulate energy reserves, such as lipids and carbohydrates. Here, a non-axenic culture of an estuarine green microalga, Chlorella vulgaris CCAP 211/21A, was studied under nutrient replete and deplete conditions to assess how changes in nutrient supply influenced the cohabiting bacterial population and its association with intracellular carbohydrate accumulations in the alga. Nutrient limitation resulted in a maximum carbohydrate yield of 47%, which was 74% higher than that in nutrient replete conditions. However, the latter condition elicited a 2-fold higher carbohydrate productivity. Three cohabiting bacterial isolates were cultivable from the three culture conditions tested. These isolates were identified using the 16S rRNA gene sequence to belong to Halomonas sp. and Muricauda sp. The composition of the bacterial population varied significantly between the growth conditions and time points. In all cases and at all time points, the dominant species was Halomonas isolates. Nutrient depletion resulted in an apparent loss of Muricauda sp. This finding demonstrates that nutrient supply can be used to control cohabiting bacterial populations in algal cultures, which will enable the development of synthetic co-culture strategies for improving algae productivity.
People’s experiences of their involvement in nursing care: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Santos Diana , Santos Eduardo , Amaral António Fernando 
Published: May 2024

Background
People's involvement and participation in their own care are the essential basis of nursing care. This phenomenon can be characterised as an approach based on the integration of the person’s values, beliefs, and preferences during nursing care. This process contributes to improve quality of care, improve satisfaction levels, and result in a better experience for people receiving care. To promote the person’s participation in nursing care, it is necessary to better understand their experiences about this topic.

Aim
To synthesise the available evidence on people’s experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in a hospital setting.

Design & setting
A systematic review that will be conducted according to the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence.

Method
The study selection, critical appraisal, and data extraction will be conducted by two independent reviewers. This review will consider studies with a qualitative approach, published and unpublished, in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, with no temporal limit, which include adults, aged 18 years or older, who have experienced an admission to a hospital, that explored people’s experiences of their involvement and participation in nursing care in hospital ward settings. Findings will be presented using a meta-aggregation approach and narrative format, and the final synthesised findings will be graded according to the ConQual approach.

Conclusion
It is expected that this qualitative synthesis will inform people, health professionals, and policymakers, allowing them to develop recommendations to promote the person’s participation in nursing care.
Intestinal microecological transplantation for a patient with chronic radiation enteritis: A case report
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Yan , Zhang Yu-Jing , Peng Li-Hua 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
The gut microbiota is strongly associated with radiation-induced gut damage. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intestinal microecological transplantation for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.
CASE SUMMARY
A 64-year-old female with cervical cancer developed abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood in the stool 1 year after radiotherapy. An electronic colonoscopy was performed to diagnose chronic radiation enteritis. Two courses of intestinal microecological transplantation and full-length 16S rRNA microbiological analysis were performed. The patient experienced short- and long-term relief from symptoms without adverse effects. Whole 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the intestinal flora’s composition between patient and healthy donors. Pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia fergusonii and Romboutsia timonensis , were more in the patient. Beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans , Ruminococcus bromii , and Bifidobacterium longum were more in the healthy donors. Intestinal microbiota transplantation resulted in a significant change in the patient's intestinal flora composition. The composition converged with the donor's flora, with an increase in core beneficial intestinal bacteria, such as Eubacterium rectale , and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria. Changes in the intestinal flora corresponded with the patients' alleviating clinical symptoms.
CONCLUSION
Intestinal microecological transplantation is an effective treatment for relieving the clinical symptoms of chronic radiation enteritis by altering the composition of the intestinal flora. This study provides a new approach for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.
Ultra-high-energy Cosmic-Ray Sources Can Be Gamma-Ray Dim
Authors: Partenheimer Angelina , Fang Ke , Alves Batista Rafael , de Almeida Rogerio Menezes 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), accelerated hadrons that can exceed energies of 1020 eV, are the highest-energy particles ever observed. While the sources producing UHECRs are still unknown, the Pierre Auger Observatory has detected a large-scale dipole anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above 8 EeV. In this work, we explore whether resolved gamma-ray sources can reproduce the Auger dipole. We use various Fermi Large Area Telescope catalogs as sources of cosmic rays in CRPropa simulations. We find that in all cases, the simulated dipole has an amplitude significantly larger than that measured by Auger, even when considering large extragalactic magnetic field strengths and optimistic source weighting schemes. Our result implies that the resolved gamma-ray sources are insufficient to account for the population of sources producing the highest-energy cosmic rays, and there must exist a population of UHECR sources that lack gamma-ray emission or are unresolved by the current-generation gamma-ray telescopes.
Emergence of Microphysical Bulk Viscosity in Binary Neutron Star Postmerger Dynamics
Authors: Most Elias R. , Haber Alexander , Harris Steven P. , Zhang Ziyuan , Alford Mark G. , Noronha Jorge 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In nuclear matter in isolated neutron stars, the flavor content (e.g., proton fraction) is subject to weak interactions, establishing flavor (β-)equilibrium. However, there can be deviations from this equilibrium during the merger of two neutron stars. We study the resulting out-of-equilibrium dynamics during the collision by incorporating direct and modified Urca processes (in the neutrino-transparent regime) into general-relativistic hydrodynamics simulations with a simplified neutrino transport scheme. We demonstrate how weak-interaction-driven bulk viscosity in postmerger simulations can emerge and assess the bulk viscous dynamics of the resulting flow. We further place limits on the impact of the postmerger gravitational-wave strain. Our results show that weak-interaction-driven bulk viscosity can potentially lead to a phase shift of the postmerger gravitational-wave spectrum, although the effect is currently on the same level as the numerical errors of our simulation.
The Spectral ANalog of Dwarfs (SAND): New Model Atmospheres with Varying Chemistry for Galactic Archaeology with Ultracool Dwarfs
Authors: Alvarado Efrain , Gerasimov Roman , Burgasser Adam J. , Brooks Hunter , Aganze Christian , Theissen Christopher A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The atmospheres of Ultracool Dwarfs (UCDs) are dominated by molecular chemistry, which makes their spectra and photometry particularly sensitive to elemental abundances. With lifespans in excess of the age of the universe, UCDs serve as chemical tracers in every component of the Milky Way. In this study, we present the Spectral ANalog of Dwarfs (SAND) grid of low-temperature model atmospheres that span T
eff from 700 to 4000 K,

log
(
g
)

from 4.0 to 6.0, [Fe/H] from −2.4 to +0.3, and a range of [α/Fe] that matches the Galactic distribution inferred from earlier spectroscopic surveys. The SAND grid primarily aims to model the spectra of brown dwarfs in the halo and thick disk of the Milky Way, and metal-poor UCDs in globular clusters.
Deep HST/UVIS Imaging of the Candidate Dark Galaxy CDG-1
Authors: van Dokkum Pieter , Li Dayi David , Abraham Roberto , Danieli Shany , Eadie Gwendolyn M. , Harris William E. , Romanowsky Aaron J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
CDG-1 is a tight grouping of four likely globular clusters in the Perseus cluster, and a candidate dark galaxy with little or no diffuse light. Here we provide new constraints on the luminosity of any underlying stellar emission, using Hubble Space Telescope/UVIS F200LP imaging. No diffuse emission is detected, with a 2σ upper limit of F200LP > 28.1 mag arcsec−2 on the 5″ scale of CDG-1. This surface brightness limit corresponds to a 2σ lower limit of >0.5 for the fraction of the total luminosity that is in the form of globular clusters. The most likely alternative, although improbable, is that CDG-1 is a chance grouping of four globular clusters in the halo of the Perseus galaxy IC 312.
Analysis of the Interferon Lambda 3 and 4 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Vaccine Response Against COVID-19
Authors: Hafy Zen , Maritska Ziske , Susilawati  , Amalia Ella , Larasati Veny , Fertilita Soilia 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Assessing how various COVID-19 vaccines work against SARS-CoV-2 in different individuals is pivotal to planning better management and coping with the pandemic. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the contributing factors to the immune response. This study investigated interferon lambda 3 and 4 (IFNL3/4) gene polymorphism and their association with an individual's immune response after receiving COVID-19 vaccines.

Materials and Methods:
An exploratory laboratory study to identify SNPs rs1297860 and rs368234815 in IFNL3/4 genes in Indonesian who have received two shots of CoronaVac and further evaluate its association with the COVID-19 vaccine response. The immune response was reflected from the serum titres of SARS-CoV-2 IgG (anti-spike IgG level), quantified using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay, where the IFNL3/IFNL4 SNPs identified using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results:
From March to August 2021, this study recruited 46 eligible and healthy persons. None of the subjects in this study have the assumed associated genotypes (TT in IFNL3 or DG/DG in IFNL4). There was also no significant difference in the Mean Fold Rise of anti-spike IgG level between individuals with IFNL3 rs12979860 C/T polymorphism (CT genotype) and those with the homozygous common (wild-type) genotype (TT genotype) (U = 358; P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The frequency of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms in this study population was low. Furthermore, the IFNL3/4 polymorphisms do not affect immune response (anti-spike IgG level) in individuals receiving two shots of the COVID-19 vaccine in this study.
Decision-Making in Septal Deviations
Authors: Kumar Rathod Sunil , Dharmagadda Harish Swamy , Burugula Kathyayani 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Classification of septal deviations is varied, but their application in selecting the type of septal surgery is not decisive. Classifying the septal deviations and using it to decide the choice of surgery was reviewed. The aim of the study is to review the use of classification of septal deviations into anterior and posterior to select septoplasty and submucosal resection (SMR), respectively.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-four patients with anterior deviated nasal septum were grouped as Group A. Another 34 patients with posterior septal deviation were grouped as Group B. In Group A, patients were aged between 18 years and 47 years with a mean age of 34.28 ± 2.30 years. In Group B, they were aged between 19 and 48 years, with a mean age of 35.25 ± 3.05 years. The male-to-female ratio of the total 68 patients was 1.4:1. Nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) score Grade 4 and 5 was noted in 31 (45.48%) patients in Group A and 33 (48.52%) patients in Group B. Right side deviation was noted in 15 (22.05%) of the Group A patients and 20 (29.41%) of the Group B patients.

Results:
All patients with anterior deviation were subjected to septoplasty, and patients with posterior deviation were subjected to classical SMR surgery. The results were assessed and analysed using the response of recovery in the nasal obstruction NOSE score and the two groups were correlated using Pearson's Correlation coefficient calculator. The R score was 0.9942, and the P value was 0.0001 (P taken as significant at < 0.05).

Conclusion:
It was observed by the results that deciding the type of surgery as per the direct nasal endoscopy findings whether it was anterior or posterior deviation was easy, practical, and definite final outcome results could be expected at the end.
An Insight into Aesthetic Insecurity Related to Malocclusion amongst Tribal Adolescents and Extent of Orthodontic Awareness
Authors: Digumarthi Uday Kumar , Prakash Ram , Egalapati Hemanth S S , Sanapala Manojna 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Adolescence is a period of affirmation of certain beliefs, including those related to the perception of one’s aesthetics as related to what is perceived to be the standard norm within a community. Certain aspects of clinically ascertained malocclusion by a practitioner may, in fact, be aspects not considered an issue by the adolescent. Of interest was the evaluation of aesthetic insecurity amongst a group of school-going tribal adolescents with no access to orthodontic treatment and hence no prior history of orthodontic treatments within the community.

Materials and Methods:
2016 tribal adolescents belonging to the Revenue divisions of Paderu (Visakhapatnam), in the age group of 13–19 years, with normal growth and development, who had no nutritional deficiencies, metabolic disorders or craniofacial anomalies, were enrolled in this study. Necessary permissions and consent were obtained from the parents or guardians, the school and tribal authorities and the institutional ethical clearance committee. The orthodontic screening was performed under natural daylight in compliance with infection prevention protocol. The students were categorised into those with either ideal occlusion or Angle’s Class I, II and III malocclusions. A ‘simplified malocclusion index for layperson evaluation’ (SMILE) index was verbally assigned in Telugu, the vernacular language, during the orthodontic screening interaction. Aesthetic insecurity noted amongst the responses was subjected to a Chi-square statistical analysis to determine gender bias.

Results:
Thirty-two per cent of the tribal adolescents screened at Paderu (Visakhapatnam) presented with ideal occlusion and sixty-eight per cent with malocclusion. The verbally assigned SMILE index revealed that 78.24% of the boys and 81.85% of the girls exhibited orthodontic awareness. The percentage distribution of aesthetic insecurity had the boys at 19.04% and the girls at 31.86%. The Chi-square statistical analysis of this data revealed a gender bias (X
2 [1, N = 1371] =4.44, P = 0.034).

Conclusion:
Aesthetic insecurity negatively impacts the perceived oral health-related quality of life. The use of the SMILE index proposed by the authors in this study allows for a candid assessment of any such insecurity and an assessment of orthodontic awareness and perceived treatment needs without the individual feeling coerced. The study results reveal a good level of orthodontic awareness with a statically significant gender bias of aesthetic insecurity.
Comparison of the Effects of Midazolam, Dexamethasone, Ondansetron and Propofol on the Prevention and Control of Opioid-Induced Pruritus after Spinal Anaesthesia with Bupivacaine Combined with Fentanyl in Femoral Fracture Surgery
Authors: Modir Hesameddin , Moshiri Esmail , Azami Mehran , Modir Amirreza 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
The present study set out to compare the effects of midazolam, dexamethasone, ondansetron and propofol on the prevention and control of opioid-induced pruritus after spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl as adjuvants in femoral fracture surgery.

Materials and Methods:
This double-blind clinical trial study was conducted on 136 patients who were scheduled for orthopaedic surgery in Valiasr Hospital of Arak. The patients were randomly divided into four groups (ondansetron, midazolam, dexamethasone and propofol) with a block randomisation pattern. Blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, the incidence of pruritus, nausea, vomiting and sedation level were monitored and recorded intraoperatively and postoperatively in recovery and every 2 h until 12 h postoperatively. Data were then analysed with SPSS 20.

Results:
From 10 min to 60 min, blood pressure was lower in the midazolam group, while it was lower in the propofol group from 60 min to 105 min. In general, blood pressure in the midazolam group was lower than that in the other groups (P = 0.001). Furthermore, pruritus was observed less in the midazolam group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Sedation level was higher in the midazolam group than in the other groups (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Midazolam reduced pruritus and increased sedation in patients. On the other hand, a decrease in blood pressure was observed in the midazolam group, which did not require any special treatment. According to the results of the present study, after midazolam, propofol and dexamethasone, and finally ondansetron, respectively, were effective in controlling pruritus after spinal anaesthesia, but the efficacy and effectiveness of midazolam were higher than that in the other groups. As such, this drug is recommended to be used in such procedures. Of course, it should be mentioned that the final decision depends on the patients' physical conditions and the anaesthesiologist's discretion.
Efficacy of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Interferon Beta Compared to Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Amirizadeh Motahareh , Sarvestani Fatemeh Shafie , Khorrami Farid , Safa Omid , Davoodian Parivash , Hassaniazad Mehdi , Akhlaghi Boshra , Fathalipour Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Although a long time past since COVID-19 was broken out, it is hard to determine which pharmacological combination regimen is more efficacious. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) plus interferon (IFN) beta-1a regimen compared to the hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) regimen in moderately ill patients with COVID-19.

Methods:
A multiple-centre retrospective observational case-controlled study was performed between March and September 2020, including adults with confirmed COVID-19. The patients were categorised into age- and sex-matched two groups; LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a (n = 102) and HCQ (n = 298) regimens. Clinical outcomes and mortality rates were compared between the groups.

Results:
LPV/r plus interferon (INF) beta-1a regimen had improved none of the clinical outcomes and mortality rate compared to the HCQ regimen. The length of stay (LOS) in the hospital and the need for oxygen therapy were slightly worse in the LPV/r plus INF beta-1a regimen (4.73 ± 2.93 days, 63%) than in the HCQ group (3.74 ± 3.30 days, 48.3%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in care of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, LOS in ICU, the need for non-invasive ventilation and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation as well as in-hospital mortality rate.

Conclusions:
LPV/r plus IFN beta-1a regimen did not show any meaningful improvement in clinical outcomes or mortality compared to the HCQ regimen. Larger randomised controlled trials are needed to assess the efficacy of this combination further.
Nonvirilized external genitalia in a Nigerian female neonate with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Oyenusi Elizabeth E , Babatunde Funmilayo O , Akowundu Pauline K , Nwigbo Uzoamaka F , Oduwole Abiola O 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A 3-week-old female neonate presented with complaints of weakness and inability to feed. She had been delivered at a general hospital with a birth weight of 3.3 kg. She had jaundice, which was treated with phototherapy and resolved after 3 days. Pregnancy and delivery were uneventful. Parents identified her as female. Examination revealed hanging skin folds, dehydration, tachycardia, hyperpigmentation and swelling of the labial folds, no clitoromegaly, and no palpable gonads. She had lost 30% of her birth weight and was hypoglycemic. Serum investigations showed hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and hypocortisolemia with elevated testosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Pelvic ultra sound scan showed normal-sized uterus and no testes suggesting a diagnosis of salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). She is being managed with hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone, and added salt to feeds. Labial swelling and hyperpigmentation have resolved and external genitalia is typically female in appearance. She is gaining weight and thriving. Salt-wasting CAH can present with adrenal crisis without obvious virilization of the external genitalia in the female neonate and can be diagnosed by scrutiny of electrolytes in the sick neonate.
A male neonate failing to thrive with an endocrine disorder
Authors: Irewole-Ojo Folakemi Olutoyin , Olutola Esther Omowunmi , Olutekunbi Olanike Abosede , Lawal Mary Adetola , Fagbuyi Oluwaseun Yewande 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Failure to thrive (FTT) is weight consistently below the 3rd to 5th percentile for age and sex, progressive decrease in weight to below the 3rd to 5th percentile, or a decrease in two major growth percentiles in a short period. The cause may be an identified medical condition, may be related to environmental factors, or may be multifactorial. Congenital adrenal hypoplasia (CAH), an endocrine disorder, is a rare cause of FTT in the newborn. We report a male neonate with FTT secondary to suspected CAH, salt-losing form. The case is reported to orient clinicians to have a high index of suspicion for any neonate who is failing to thrive. A 25-day-old male neonate presented with a history of poor weight gain. Weight at presentation was 2.8 kg, and birth weight was 3.7 kg (had lost 24% of birth weight). Mother is a 35-year-old Para 3 (3 Alive) woman who had a good appetite and was lactating well. Initial random blood sugar (RBS) was 117 mg/dL, but within minutes, she was observed to be unconscious, with a repeat RBS of 39 mg/dL. A thorough physical examination revealed a hyperpigmented male phallus with a stretched penile length of 4.8 cm and testicular volume of 2 cm3 using a standard orchidometer. Investigation results revealed hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, with normal urea and creatinine levels. Full blood count parameters were essentially within the normal range. Serum cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, serum testosterone, and serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate were not done. The patient was managed conservatively with dextrose-containing fluid and correction of electrolyte derangement. Weight was 2.7 kg on discharge. Weight on follow-up was 3.2 kg.