bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Timing of Preharvest Fungicide Applications on Postharvest Botrytis Fruit Rot of Annual Strawberries in Florida
Authors: Mertely James C. , Seijo Teresa E. , MacKenzie Steven J. , Peres Natalia A. 
Published: October 2009

Preharvest fungicide applications for postharvest control of Botrytis fruit rot were evaluated over four seasons on annual strawberry in Florida. In the 2002-2003 season, applications of Switch or Elevate immediately prior to harvest were ineffective for controlling Botrytis fruit rot postharvest. In the 2003-2004 season, applications of Captevate or Switch made immediately prior to harvest reduced postharvest Botrytis fruit rot, but not as much as applications made during the flowering period. Similarly, in the 2004-2005 season, Captevate and Pristine provided some control of postharvest Botrytis fruit rot when applied immediately before harvest. In both the 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 seasons, applications made during the flowering period were more effective for postharvest Botrytis fruit rot control than those made prior to harvest. In the 2006-2007 season, applications of Captevate, Thiram, Scala plus Captan, or Switch alternated with Captan during the flowering period provided good control of postharvest Botrytis fruit rot. Although not as effective as bloom applications, fungicides applied immediately before harvest may have some benefit for controlling Botrytis fruit rot if the sprays during the bloom period were not made. Accepted for publication 21 July 2009. Published 21 September 2009.
Monitoring web traffic source effectiveness with Google Analytics
Authors: Plaza Beatriz 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop a new user‐friendly in‐house tracking methodology for academics to analyse the effectiveness of visits (return visit behaviour and length of sessions) depending on their traffic source: direct visits, referring site entries and search engine visits. In other words, how deep do visitors navigate into the web site? Which is their internal performance depending on their traffic source?Design/methodology/approachThis paper addresses these questions by time series analysis of Google Analytics data. Some statistical matters with regard to the use of Google Analytics data in combination with time series methodology are fine‐tuned.FindingsReturn visits are the main engine for nurturing session length, but which type of traffic source nurtures these return visits? In order to answer this question, an important distinction must be made between “total return visits” and “marginal return visits”. Site entries stay longer to the extent their “marginal return effectiveness” is higher. For our particular web site direct visits are the most effective ones, followed by search engine visits and only thirdly link‐entries.Research limitations/implicationsThis methodology is critical for an effective web site traffic source monitoring and benchmarking that may lead to better web site strategies.Originality/valueThe importance of this paper is not the particular web site but the new methodology tested to arrive at these results, an experiment that could be repeated with different web sites.
Evaluation to digital filtering to obtain Sagnac shift in open loop‐IFOG
Authors: Reza Nasiri Avanaki Mohammad , Toloei Alireza 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find the best way to obtain the Sagnac phase shift in the output signal of open loop interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes (IFOGs). Also, the utilized digital filtering based on FIR kaiser window for implementing the digital signal processing part is evaluated.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is based on implementing four kaiser FIR filters, the coefficients of which have been obtained from SPtool. They were simulated with SPtool in the Matlab 7.1.FindingsThe results show that the chosen computational method has reliable accuracy. On the other hand, it could require low‐computational effort, and it is a simple way which is important for the signal processors.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation in this paper is that the designed filters have high order and they require much time; therefore, a high‐speed device is needed. For solving this problem, it is proposed to perform some estimation by experiments.Practical implicationsIFOGs are used in aircraft, missiles, and new civil fields such as automobile navigation, antenna stabilization, crane control, unmanned vehicle control, wind, and renewable energy platform stabilization.Originality/valueThere is no other paper which has explained mathematics of IFOG implementation in the signal processing part as completely as is done here.
Shape optimization of the airfoil comprising a cross flow fan
Authors: Askari S. , Shojaeefard M.H. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeFanwing airfoil is a new lift‐generating section invented in 1997 by Patrick Peebles. The early shape of the airfoil has not changed until now. So far, no research has been done to change or modify the airfoil shape in order to improve its aerodynamic performance. In this paper, possibility of changing the airfoil shape to improve its aerodynamic performance is studied. For this purpose, six different geometric shapes of the airfoil are investigated numerically to determine the best airfoil on the basis of lift and drag coefficients. Flow over the airfoil is solved by developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The purpose of this paper is to find a more efficient configuration for the Fanwing airfoil with lower power consumption and better performance.Design/methodology/approachFlow over the airfoil is investigated by CFD. At the airfoil solid walls, the no slip condition is applied. Re‐Normalization Group k‐ε model is used for turbulence modeling. The pressure‐velocity coupling is calculated by the SIMPLEC algorithm. Second‐order upwind discretization is considered for the convection terms. Finite volume method with rectangular computational cells is used for the entire solution domain.FindingsIt is observed that the airfoil with curved bottom wall and a slot in upper wall has the maximum lift coefficient. Also, the airfoil with curved bottom wall and no slot has the minimum drag or maximum thrust (negative drag) coefficient. Therefore, instead of increasing the airfoil lift or decreasing its drag by enhancing driving motor speed with larger energy consumption, this can be done only by changing the airfoil shape. It is perceived that the airfoil lift coefficient can be augmented at least 10 percent and its drag can be reduced more than 2.8 percent only by changing its shape and no excessive power consumption. Since the airfoil shape is modified, these advantages are permanent and its benefits are cumulative through time. Eccentric vortex inside the cross flow fan that is reported earlier in the research paper is found in this airfoil, too. In addition, velocity vectors, contours of static pressure and distribution of the static pressure over the airfoils surfaces are illustrated for better understanding of the flow details.Research limitations/implicationsSince the airfoil shape is very complicated for numerical study, two‐dimensional simulation has been carried out. Also, flow over the airfoil is considered steady‐state and incompressible.Practical implicationsIn this paper, some modifications for the Fanwing airfoil are suggested in order to improve its aerodynamic performance. This is the first research for changing the configuration of the Fanwing airfoil and can be very helpful for the researchers involved in this topic as well as aerospace industries.Originality/valueThis paper is valuable for researchers in the new and up to date concept of the Fanwing airfoil. This work is original.
Safety enhanced digital flight control system
Authors: Chudý Peter , Tomczyk Andrzej , Rzucidlo Pawel 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the general idea, design, and implementation of control system for general aviation aircraft which reduces pilot workload.Design/methodology/approachProposed indirect flight control system framework is intended to simplify piloting, reduce pilot workload, and allow low‐end general aviation aircraft to operate under deteriorated meteorological conditions. Classical control theory is used for the design of the flight control laws. Although not inherently robust, controllers with classical control logic are made sufficiently stable using a correct and updated controller structure.FindingsDespite controversies between perception of a modern manned aerial vehicle and limitations imposed by legacy airworthiness codes it is shown that a pilot workload reducing system can be successfully implemented onboard of a low‐end general aviation aircraft.Research limitations/implicationsHi‐level control laws and optimization of handling qualities can lead to unfavourable and unpredictable forms of man‐machine interactions, e.g. pilot‐induced oscillations.Practical implicationsGeneral aviation aircraft are mostly flown by a single pilot, who could benefit from an intelligent system or “virtual copilot” assisting in or supervising the aircraft's safe operation under any conditions. Aircraft with this capability represents a next step in the evolution that might ultimately lead to trajectory‐based free‐flight concept of aircraft operations.Originality/valueThe paper introduces a safety enhanced digital flight control system on board small general aviation aircraft.
The applicability analysis of troposphere delay error model in GPS positioning
Authors: Xinlong Wang , Jiaxing Ji , Yafeng Li 
Published: October 2009

PurposeTroposphere delay is one of the important error sources in global positioning system (GPS) positioning. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the accuracy and adaptability of GPS troposphere error correction models, and to provide theoretic foundation for model selection in GPS accurate positioning.Design/methodology/approachThe principle of troposphere delay error effecting on GPS signals is theoretically analyzed. The model peculiarity and modeling method of the four common troposphere delay correction models: Hopfield, Saastamoinen, Black, and Egnos models are discussed detailedly. With the measurement data from Crustal Dynamics Data Information System of the technical support institution for GPS, the accuracy and applicability of the four models are quantificationally studied.FindingsFor a low elevation, Hopfield, Saastamoinen, and Black models show great agreement with each other, and have quite high precision. In the zenith direction, the maximal troposphere delay error of three models are all less than 1 dm, but Black and Hopfield models have higher precision than Saastamoinen model. Black model can be regarded as the improved form of Hopfield model: for a high elevation, precision of two models are close, while for a low elevation, Black model shows to be more effective than Hopfield model. The precision of Egnos model is quite lower than that of Black, Hopfield, and Saastamoinen models. However, Egnos model can be a better choice when it is difficult to obtain real‐time meteorological data in certain application environment.Originality/valueThis paper makes thorough research on GPS troposphere delay error correction models. The conclusions are presented for selecting troposphere delay models, which are useful for practical engineering application.
Inhibition of copper corrosion in 3.5 percent NaCl solutions by triazole derivative
Authors: Yu Jianfei , Feng Quanfen , Yu Yafei 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the corrosion behavior of copper in 3.5 percent NaCl solutions with and without 3‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole (3‐AMT).Design/methodology/approachWeight‐loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are applied to study the corrosion behavior of copper in the absence and presence of different concentrations of 3‐AMT under the influence of various experimental conditions.FindingsThe results show that inhibition efficiency (IE) increases with increasing the immersion time in the presence of 1.0×10−4 mol/l 3‐AMT and the IE% maintains about 94 percent during the studied inhibitor concentration of 5.0×10−3 mol/l. The Tafel polarization studies indicate that the IE% increases with increasing concentration of 3‐AMT, and the compound was a mixed inhibitor. The adsorption of 3‐AMT on the surface on copper has been found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the values of free energy of adsorption are calculated. 3‐AMT is chemically adsorbed on the copper surface.Originality/valueThe results of this paper can be used for reducing corrosion rates of copper in which a suitable inhibitor with the highest efficiencies is required in chloride solutions.
Determinants of sustainable business relationships in selected German agri‐food chains
Authors: Reynolds Nikolai , Fischer Christian , Hartmann Monika 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify factors which influence the sustainability of selected German agri‐food chains.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is composed of a literature review, qualitative and quantitative expert interviews, and structural equation modelling.FindingsEffective communication, the existence of personal bonds and equal power distribution between buyers and suppliers are key determinants of sustainable vertical business relationships. The relevance and significance of the determinants differ across the investigated chain stages (farmer‐processor versus processor‐retailer), the use of formal versus non‐formal relationship types and the maturity of a relationship.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research needs to empirically apply the analysis to agri‐food chains other than the investigated pig‐meat and cereal ones.Practical implicationsAgribusiness and farm managers can enhance the sustainability of their business relationships by effective communication by fostering personal bonds with their suppliers and/or buyers, and by employing – and retaining – key staff who fit culturally and/or socially with those with whom they transact. Finally, managers also need to be aware of the fact that a business relationship can be negatively affected by abusing a more powerful market position.Originality/valueA model for measuring the sustainability of vertical business relationships is presented and empirically tested. In addition, factors influencing the sustainability of these relationships are identified for the case of selected German agri‐food chains.
Innovation drivers and barriers in food processing
Authors: Fortuin Frances T.J.M. , Omta S.W.F. (Onno) 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe food processing industry, confronted with increased global competition and more stringent customer demands, is pressurized to improve the pace and quality of its innovation processes. This paper aims to find out what factors constitute the main drivers and barriers to innovation and to explore how far the food processing industry can rely on the principles of innovation management developed in high‐tech industries to improve its innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on the investigation of nine multinational food processing companies with their headquarters and/or major operations in The Netherlands. For this study a research questionnaire was developed, based on theoretical insights derived from the industrial organization theory and the resource‐based view. In each company the research director, CTO, or CEO completed the questionnaire and was interviewed about different aspects of innovation management.FindingsThe food processing industry can indeed rely on the principles of innovation management. However, there is clear room for improvement. Especially the potential of “open innovation” with suppliers and buyers to leverage innovation resources and capabilities is underutilized. Interestingly, the uneven power distribution in the chain, especially the high pressure of buyers, acts as a strong driver for innovation. Seen in this light it is noteworthy that in most companies the communication from R&D to marketing needs further improvement to enhance customer orientation, one of the main drivers of innovation success.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate innovation management concepts related to success in the food processing industry.
Eliciting processing industry damage from feed crises
Authors: Meuwissen Miranda P.M. , Van Andel Alex L.A. , Van Asseldonk Marcel A.P.M. , Huirne Ruud B.M. 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess direct and indirect damages of dairy processors and pig and poultry slaughterhouses in The Netherlands following the occurrence of a feed crisis.Design/methodology/approachStarting from a number of feed crisis scenarios the paper analyses processing industry damage parameters through a combination of sector data and individual company assessments. In case of confidential data, outcomes are presented as indices.FindingsThe paper finds that, in the most likely scenario, it is expected that a feed crisis affects 15 processors, i.e. 20 per cent of processing business in The Netherlands. Processors' direct damage is largely (>90 per cent) determined by the mixing of produce during various phases of processing. Indirect damage is on average perceived not to exceed direct damage.Practical implicationsThe results are useful in current stakeholder debates on sharing damage burdens of feed crises across supply chain partners.Originality/valueThis paper extends currently available risk analyses of feed contaminations by eliciting damage beyond farm level.
Standardized food safety management: the case of industrial yoghurt
Authors: Chountalas Panagiotis , Tsarouchas Dimitrios , Lagodimos Athanasios 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe recently introduced ISO 22000:2005 modified the classical HACCP approach by embedding food safety into the wider context of a standardized management system and refining the required safety control measures. There is little guidance regarding ISO 22000 implementation as well as inconsistencies regarding definitions and control measures specifications. This paper aims to provide a structured approach for the implementation of ISO 22000, applied to the case of industrial yoghurt.Design/methodology/approachThe approach consisted of two stages. The first primarily comprises the interpretation of the ISO 22000 specifications. The second includes the application of these requirements (as interpreted) to industrial yoghurt manufacture, considering all major varieties (set, stirred and strained) and types (with or without flavourings).FindingsThe paper reveals a managerial perspective of ISO 22000, overcoming existing inconsistencies for determining the necessary control measures, as applied to industrial yoghurt.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to the case of industrial yoghurt considered. However, the methodology used is general and can apply to any other product.Originality/valueThis paper provides an interpretation of ISO 22000, based on other standardized management system practices and widely accepted managerial principles. The findings can help in the development of the necessary state‐of‐the‐practice tools to facilitate future ISO 22000 implementations, in conjunction with the ISO 9001 quality standard.
Packaging design: creating competitive advantage with product packaging
Authors: Rundh Bo 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study how packaging and packaging design can contribute to competitive advantage for marketing a consumer product.Design/methodology/approachDifferent influences from actors in the packaging design process are discussed in a conceptual model. A single case study based on five “corporate stories” about packaging development resulting in a new package are presented and analysed.FindingsThe present study demonstrates influences on the design process of a package from external and internal factors. The outcome of the design process is, to a great extent, dependent on the interaction between the main actors in this process. The study argues for the importance of the interaction with customers for planning and conducting the design. The result of such a process is a package that can trigger customers make a purchase and/or re‐inforce the brand name for a re‐purchase of the product.Practical implicationsThe main implications for management are that packaging is a vital instrument in modern marketing activities for consumer goods, for example in the competitive food industry. The study highlights a few factors that trigger a customer to purchase a product by designing a suitable package for the product. Packaging design makes it possible to introduce new and better solutions for diverse marketing and logistic problems in a supply chain.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need for contributions to more research on packaging and marketing strategy.
Wine recommendations: who do I believe?
Authors: Parsons Andrew G. , Thompson Ann‐Marie 
Published: October 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify potential recommendation strategies for wine retailers. It aims to investigate the effectiveness of common sources of recommendation in influencing wine purchase decisions for typical customers and consider the value of each recommendation in different store‐contexts.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory survey is conducted, examining the weighting customers give each recommendation source, followed by a laboratory experiment designed to test the influence of recommendation sources in two different store‐contexts – supermarket and specialist wine retailer. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the most effective sources for each retail context.FindingsInsights from the survey suggest that specialist wine retailer customers value personal staff‐, staff choice‐, and award‐based recommendations, whereas supermarket shoppers value awards and bestseller recommendations. The laboratory experiment highlights the distinction between staff credibility and peer group credibility, with the specialist retailer benefiting from staff and award‐based recommendations and the supermarket benefiting from bestseller and award‐based recommendations.Research limitations/implicationsThis research demonstrates a need for researchers to consider recommendation sources when building models of consumer choice, and also to consider the store‐context in which those recommendations are received. It also appears worthwhile to investigate further the relationship between bestseller lists, peer group credibility, and shopper behaviour when customers are shopping for premium foods.Practical implicationsWine sellers need to be aware of the value of recommendations. Staff recommendations should be encouraged when selling through a specialist wine retailer, whereas peer‐group recommendation should be encouraged for supermarket sales. Awards are shown to be a valuable asset in either context.Originality/valueThe comparative effectiveness of staff, award, and bestseller‐based recommendations in influencing shopper choices for wine is revealed for the first time in this research, allowing researchers and practitioners to appreciate their value in decisions. Furthermore, the impact of the store‐context on recommendation value is shown.