bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of feline immunodeficiency virus subtype-B on St. Kitts, West Indies by quantitative PCR
Authors: Kelly Patrick J , Stocking Ruey , Gao Dongya , Phillips Nikol , Xu Chuanling , Kaltenboeck Bernhard , Wang Chengming 
Published: July 2011

Introduction: Although antibodies to the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) have been detected by SNAP assay in cats from St. Kitts, there have been no molecular studies to further confirm the infection and determine the FIV subtypes present. Methodology: Total nucleic acids were extracted from EDTA whole blood specimens from 35 cats, followed by quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) PCR under a six-channel LightCycler 2.0 Instrument with Software version 4.1. Results: Four of 11 stray cats (36 %) but none of 24 owned cats were FIV positive by real-time PCR. High-resolution melting curve analysis indicated that all four positive cats were infected with FIV subtype-B. Conclusions: This is the first molecular characterization of FIV subtypes on St. Kitts and the results confirm the high prevalence of FIV infection in stray cats on the island.
Outbreak of Chikungunya in the Republic of Congo and the global picture
Authors: Kelvin Alyson Ann 
Published: July 2011

Chikungunya fever is a crippling disease caused by an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. Although Chikungunya virus is not often associated with mortality, the effects of virus outbreaks are often devastating, causing significant economic loss due to the strain on health care. Chikungunya is quickly spreading globally as a result of viral genetic mutations leading to the adaptation of new vector hosts and insecticide resistance. The recent outbreak of Chikungunya fever in the republic of Congo has reported thousands of people affected. Here we review the past Chikungunya fever epidemiology and new reports aimed at therapeutic intervention of this disease.
Changement de fonction des éléments prosodiques au cours du développement : du tout vers la partie et de la partie vers le tout
Authors: Soderstrom Melanie , Barbin Franck 
Published: July 2011

Résumé Le nourrisson est confronté à un flux de parole qui forme un tout continu. La prosodie lui fournit divers indices lui offrant la possibilité de comprendre comment se structure ce flux. Cette sensibilité précoce permet au nourrisson de dégager les propriétés rythmiques de sa propre langue et lui donne des indices lui servant à regrouper des sons qui font sens grammaticalement – tout d’abord de grandes unités syntaxiques, notamment les expressions et les propositions, avant de pouvoir trouver des indices linguistiques spécifiques lui permettant d’identifier des mots. Ces indices qui permettent au nourrisson de repérer la segmentation des unités grammaticales l’amènent à se concentrer sur les relations pertinentes entre ces unités. À mesure que ses connaissances grammaticales se développent, il arrive à repérer des propriétés prosodiques plus subtiles, notamment les indices caractéristiques d’une dysfluence. Les paroles adressées au nourrisson présentent le plus souvent des indices prosodiques exagérés alors que les échanges entre adultes fournissent un modèle plus exact.
Experience of Personal Loss Due to Drug Overdose Among US Adults
Authors: Kennedy-Hendricks Alene , Ettman Catherine K. , Gollust Sarah E. , Bandara Sachini N. , Abdalla Salma M. , Castrucci Brian C. , Galea Sandro 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceSince 1999, over 1 million people have died of a drug overdose in the US. However, little is known about the bereaved, meaning their family, friends, and acquaintances, and their views on the importance of addiction as a policy priority.ObjectivesTo quantify the scope of the drug overdose crisis in terms of personal overdose loss (ie, knowing someone who died of a drug overdose) and to assess the policy implications of this loss.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from a nationally representative survey of US adults (age ≥18 years), the fourth wave of the COVID-19 and Life Stressors Impact on Mental Health and Well-Being (CLIMB) study, which was conducted from March to April 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRespondents reported whether they knew someone who died of a drug overdose and the nature of their relationship with the decedent(s). They also reported their political party affiliation and rated the importance of addiction as a policy issue. Logistic regression models estimated the associations between sociodemographic characteristics and political party affiliation and the probability of experiencing a personal overdose loss and between the experience of overdose loss and the perceived salience of addiction as a policy issue. Survey weights adjusted for sampling design and nonresponse.ResultsOf the 7802 panelists invited to participate, 2479 completed the survey (31.8% response rate); 153 were excluded because they did not know whether they knew someone who died of a drug overdose, resulting in a final analytic sample of 2326 (51.4% female; mean [SD] age, 48.12 [0.48] years). Of these respondents, 32.0% (95% CI, 28.8%-34.3%) reported any personal overdose loss, translating to 82.7 million US adults. A total of 18.9% (95% CI, 17.1%-20.8%) of all respondents, translating to 48.9 million US adults, reported having a family member or close friend die of drug overdose. Personal overdose loss was more prevalent among groups with lower income (&amp;lt;$30 000: 39.9%; ≥$100 000: 26.0%). The experience of overdose loss did not differ across political party groups (Democrat: 29.0%; Republican: 33.0%; independent or none: 34.2%). Experiencing overdose loss was associated with a greater odds of viewing addiction as an extremely or very important policy issue (adjusted odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.09-1.72) after adjustment for sociodemographic and geographic characteristics and political party affiliation.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that 32% of US adults reported knowing someone who died of a drug overdose and that personal overdose loss was associated with greater odds of endorsing addiction as an important policy issue. The findings suggest that mobilization of this group may be an avenue to facilitate greater policy change.
Patient Lung Cancer Screening Decisions and Environmental and Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Richmond Jennifer , Fernandez Jessica R. , Bonnet Kemberlee , Sellers Ashley , Schlundt David G. , Forde Allana T. , Wilkins Consuelo H. , Aldrich Melinda C. 
Published: May 2024

ImportanceScreening for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography is associated with reduced lung cancer–specific mortality, but uptake is low in the US; understanding how patients make decisions to engage with lung cancer screening is critical for increasing uptake. Prior research has focused on individual-level psychosocial factors, but environmental factors (eg, historical contexts that include experiencing racism) and modifying factors—those that can be changed to make it easier or harder to undergo screening—also likely affect screening decisions.ObjectiveTo investigate environmental, psychosocial, and modifying factors influencing lung cancer screening decision-making and develop a conceptual framework depicting relationships between these factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multimethod qualitative study was conducted from December 2021 to June 2022 using virtual semistructured interviews and 4 focus groups (3-4 participants per group). All participants met US Preventive Services Task Force eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening (ie, age 50-80 years, at least a 20 pack-year smoking history, and either currently smoke or quit within the past 15 years). Screening-eligible US participants were recruited using an online panel.Main Outcomes and MeasuresKey factors influencing screening decisions (eg, knowledge, beliefs, barriers, and facilitators) were the main outcome. A theory-informed, iterative inductive-deductive approach was applied to analyze data and develop a conceptual framework summarizing results.ResultsAmong 34 total participants (interviews, 20 [59%]; focus groups, 14 [41%]), mean (SD) age was 59.1 (4.8) years and 20 (59%) identified as female. Half had a household income below $20 000 (17 [50%]). Participants emphasized historical and present-day racism as critical factors contributing to mistrust of health care practitioners and avoidance of medical procedures like screening. Participants reported that other factors, such as public transportation availability, also influenced decisions. Additionally, participants described psychosocial processes involved in decisions, such as perceived screening benefits, lung cancer risk appraisal, and fear of a cancer diagnosis or harmful encounters with practitioners. In addition, participants identified modifying factors (eg, insurance coverage) that could make receiving screening easier or harder.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this qualitative study of patient lung cancer screening decisions, environmental, psychosocial, and modifying factors influenced screening decisions. The findings suggest that systems-level interventions, such as those that help practitioners understand and discuss patients’ prior negative health care experiences, are needed to promote effective screening decision-making.
Innovative Formulation Platform: Paving the Way for Superior Protein Therapeutics with Enhanced Efficacy and Broadened Applications
Authors: Cao Zheng , Liu Chaoyong , Wen Jing , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProtein therapeutics offer high therapeutic potency and specificity; the broader adoptions and development of protein therapeutics, however, have been constricted by their intrinsic limitations such as inadequate stability, immunogenicity, suboptimal pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and off‐target effects. This review describes a platform technology that formulates individual protein molecules with a thin formulation layer of crosslinked polymers, which confers the protein therapeutics with high activity, enhanced stability, controlled release capability, reduced immunogenicity, improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and ability to cross the blood brain barriers. Based on currently approved protein therapeutics, this formulating platform affords the development of a vast family of superior protein therapeutics with improved efficacy and broadened indications at significantly reduced cost.
Nanoscale Investigation of the Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Polarization Switching Dynamics of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Thin Films
Authors: An Sang Won , Bae Seong Bin , Kim Beomjun , Kim Yoon Ki , Kim Jaeseung , Jung Tae Hyun , Lee Jae Heon , Lee Sang Woo , Park Yu Bin , Kim Hyunjung , Yoo Hyobin , Yang Sang Mo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, HfO2‐based ferroelectric thin films have attracted widespread interest in developing next‐generation nonvolatile memories. To form a metastable ferroelectric orthorhombic phase in HfO2, a post‐annealing process is typically necessary. However, the microscopic mechanism underlying the effect of annealing temperature on ferroelectric domain nucleation and growth is still obscure, despite its importance in optimizing the operation speed of HfO2‐based devices. In this study, the ferroelectric properties and polarization switching of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films annealed at different temperatures (550–700 °C) are systematically investigated. Evidently, the crystal structure, remnant polarization, and dielectric constant monotonically change with annealing temperature. However, microscopic piezoresponse force microscopy images as well as macroscopic switching current measurements reveal non‐monotonic changes in the polarization switching speed with annealing temperature. This intriguing behavior is ascribed to the difference in the ferroelectric‐domain nucleation process induced by the amount of oxygen vacancies in the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films annealed at different temperatures. This work demonstrates that controlling the defect concentration of ferroelectric HfO2 by tuning the post‐annealing process is critical for optimizing device performance, particularly polarization switching speed.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Photothermal Therapy (ULTRA‐PTT) for the Treatment of Deep‐Seated Tumors
Authors: Kim Haemin , Kim Jinwoo , Seo An Na , Chang Jin Ho 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotothermal therapy (PTT) has garnered considerable attention as an attractive treatment tool for cancer due to precisely selective treatment and minimal side effects. The primary challenge of PTT, which hinders its widespread application, is the limited therapeutic depth. This limitation arises from optical scattering in biological tissues, causing inadequate heat distribution within the deep tissue. To overcome this challenge, ultrasound‐assisted PTT (ULTRA‐PTT) is proposed that leverages the temporary formation of gas bubbles induced by ultrasound within the light propagation path. These bubbles act as optical clearing agents, effectively reducing optical scattering in biological tissues. To facilitate ULTRA‐PTT, a dedicated handpiece consisting of a ring‐shaped ultrasound transducer and a laser delivery module is developed. In‐vivo experiments show that ULTRA‐PTT statistically outperforms conventional PTT in melanoma treatment, mostly due to its ability to deliver sufficient laser energy to deep‐seated cancer cells. These findings underscore the potential of ULTRA‐PTT to expand the clinical applications of PTT beyond local tumors occurring in superficial tissue.
Circularly Polarized Perovskite Luminescence in Composite Films with High Flexibility and Stability
Authors: Yu Furong , Liu Shuaijun , Liu Xuan , Zhang Huidong , Zheng Zhigang , Zhu Wei‐Hong , Wu Yongzhen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFlexible circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) exhibits significant potential for applications in smart wearable devices and high‐end anti‐counterfeiting. However, existing technologies suffer from low dissymmetry factor (glum) and poor mechanical reliability. Here, a metal halide perovskite is employed as the emitter to construct efficient and robust flexible CPL films through a facile strategy of bilayer stacking, which comprises a layer of perovskite nanocrystalline embedded polymer film and a layer of photonic crystal film based on polymerized chiral liquid crystals (LCs). The photoluminescence efficiency of perovskite nanocrystals in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix is improved by incorporating an appropriate amount of phenylethylammonium bromide (PEABr) as a passivation agent, and the helical arrangement and optical activity of free‐standing flexible photonic crystal films are found to be highly related to the supporting substrates. Upon stacking, the resulting flexible composite film exhibits extremely high |glum| values of up to 1.81, representing the highest value among reported flexible CPL‐active films. Moreover, the composite films demonstrate remarkable mechanical robustness, which shows negligible degradation in terms of glum value even after 1000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 2 mm. Based on the flexible CPL‐active films, advanced anti‐counterfeit labels with switchable patterns under circular polarizers are demonstrated.
The Mn2+‐Doped Chiral 2D Perovskite with Strong Orange Fluorescent and Enhanced Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Xing Guoxiang , Sun Xiaowei , Yang Xiaorui , Wen Feilong , Zhang Tianyong , Li Bin , Jiang Shuang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecently, the potential circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) property of chiral 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites has garnered attention due to their strong stability. However, the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of chiral 2D perovskite is generally low, which undoubtedly limits its development. Therefore, improving the PL and CPL intensity of chiral 2D perovskite has become an important focal point. To overcome this problem, a series of Mn2+‐doped R/S‐(MPEA)2PbBr4 thin films is successfully synthesized. The Mn2+‐doped films can produce strong orange emission under UV excitation with the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 37.37%, a high value among reported chiral 2D perovskites. Moreover, all Mn: (R/S‐MPEA)2PbBr4 films show symmetric CPL signals. The flexible regulation of CPL is meaningful for applications, which is generally lacking in current studies. Here, it is found that the strength of CPL can be effectively regulated by doping guanidine (Gua), and the maximum glum value of 1.4 × 10−2 and PLQY of 51.31% is achieved, which are the highest among reported chiral 2D perovskites. This work provides a new idea for the development of CPL‐active materials and lays the foundation for spin devices based on chiral hybrid 2D perovskite.
Photonic Crystal Materials with Full Spectrum Structural Color Modulated by Co‐Assembly Strategy
Authors: Guo Qilin , Guo Jia , Wang Changchun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPhotonic materials have drawn considerable attention for a great deal of promising applications with versatile optical characteristics and functionalities. This review provides a concise overview of co‐assembly strategies for the creation of photonic crystals, offering precise control over structural colors throughout the entire visible spectrum by manipulating the interaction of light with complex micro‐nano structures. Specifically, the utilization of block copolymers (BCPs) and colloidal nanoparticles as wavelength‐scale building blocks facilitates the modulation of defined nanostructures with functionality and tailorability for diverse coloration effects. Additionally, by facilely adjusting the relative ratios, a flexible balance can be struck between photonic crystals and photonic glasses for dynamic control of arrangements. Finally, this review concludes by discussing the future outlook and challenges in advancing co‐assembly‐based photonic functional materials.
Catalytic Dual‐Mode Immunotherapy: Anisotropic AuPt Heterostructure Decorated with Starry Pt Nanoclusters for Robust Cancer Photometalloimmunotherapy
Authors: Bian Wei , Hu Xi , Xiao Ruixue , Yao Rui , Zhang Bo , Zhu Mingjian , Liu Tianqi , Liu Yamin , Li Jing , Lin Peihua , Xie An , Li Fangyuan , Ling Daishun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo overcome current limitations in photoimmunotherapy, such as insufficient tumor antigen generation and a subdued immune response, a novel photo‐/metallo dual‐mode immunotherapeutic agent (PMIA) is introduced for potent near‐infrared (NIR) light‐triggered cancer therapy. PMIA features a dumbbell‐like AuPt heterostructure decorated with starry Pt nanoclusters, meticulously engineered for enhancing plasmonic catalysis through multi‐dimensional regulation of Pt growth on Au nanorods. Under NIR laser exposure, end‐tipped Pt nanoclusters induce efficient electron‐hole spatial separation along the longitudinal axis, resulting in radial and axial electron distribution polarization, conferring unique anisotropic properties to PMIA. Additionally, starry Pt nanoclusters on the sides of Au nanorods augment the local electron enrichment field. Validated through finite‐difference time‐domain analysis and Raman scattering, this configuration fosters local electron enrichment, facilitating robust reactive oxygen species generation for potent photoimmunotherapy. Moreover, Pt nanoclusters facilitate Pt2+ ion release, instigating intranuclear DNA damage and inducing synergistic immunogenic cell death (ICD) for metalloimmunotherapy. Consequently, PMIA elicits abundant danger‐associated molecular patterns, promotes T cell infiltration, and triggers systemic immune responses, effectively treating primary and distant tumors, inhibiting metastasis in vivo. This study unveils a pioneering dual‐mode ICD amplification strategy driven by NIR light, synergistically integrating photoimmunotherapy and metalloimmunotherapy, culminating in potent cancer photometalloimmunotherapy.
20.1 % Certified Efficiency of Planar Hole Transport Layer‐Free Carbon‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells by Spacer Cation Chain Length Engineering of 2D Perovskites
Authors: Tang Jiawei , Lin Yu , Yan Haocong , Lin Jiaru , Rao Huashang , Pan Zhenxiao , Zhong Xinhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe planar triple‐layer hole transport layer (HTL)‐free carbon‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) have outstanding advantages of low cost and high stability, but are limited by low efficiency. The formation of a 3D/2D heterojunction has been widely proven to enhance device performance. However, the 2D perovskite possesses multiple critical properties associated with 3D perovskite, including defect passivation, energy level, and charge transport properties, all of which can impact device performance. It is challenging to find a powerful means to achieve comprehensive regulation and trade‐off of these key properties. Herein, we propose a chain‐length engineering of alkylammonium spacer cations to achieve this goal. The results show that the 2D perovskite formed by short‐chain alkylammonium cations primarily acts to passivate defects. With the increase in cation chain length, the 2D perovskite achieves a more matched energy level with 3D perovskite, enhancing the built‐in electric field and promoting charge separation. However, the further increase in chain length impedes the charge transport due to the insulativity of organic cations. Comprehensively, the 2D perovskite formed by tetradecylammonium cations achieves the optimal balance of defect passivation, interface charge separation, and charge transport. The planar HTL‐free C‐PSCs exhibit a new record efficiency of 20.40 % (certified 20.1 %).
Rigid Phase Formation and Sb3+ Doping of Tin (IV) Halide Hybrids toward Photoluminescence Enhancement and Tuning for Anti‐Counterfeiting and Information Encryption
Authors: Jin Jiance , Wang Yuzhen , Han Kai , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMulti‐excitonic emitting materials in luminescent metal halides are emerging candidates for anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption applications. Herein, ATPP2SnCl6 (ATPP=acetonyltriphenylphosphonium) phase was designed and synthesized by rationally choosing emissive organic reagent of ATPPCl and non‐toxic stable metal ions of Sn4+, and Sb3+ was further doped into ATPP2SnCl6 to tune the photoluminescence with external self‐trapped excitons emission. The derived non‐toxic ATPP2SnCl6 shows multi‐excitonic luminescent centers verified by optical study and differential charge‐density from density functional theory calculations. Incorporation of Sb3+ dopants and the increasing concentrations induce the efficient energy transfer therein, thus enhancing photoluminescence quantum yield from 5.1 % to 73.8 %. The multi‐excitonic emission inspires the creation of information encryption and decryption by leveraging the photoluminescence from ATPPCl to ATPP2SnCl6 host and ATPP2SnCl6 : Sb3+. This study facilitates the anti‐counterfeiting application by employing solution‐processable luminescent metal halides materials with excitation‐dependent PL properties.