bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Voters via the Web ‐ A Comparative Structural Analysis of Austrian and German Party Websites
Authors: Russmann Uta 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe growth of parties' web‐based activities over the last decade has led to a more sophisticated use of websites, and Web campaigns are increasingly embedded in a general political marketing strategy. This study investigates the extent to which political parties use the Internet to attract different target groups of voters. The online audience can be seen as one mass or as carefully defined target segments, for example relating to party affiliation, age or gender. The paper analyzes the occurrence of online targeting on political parties websites during the most recent Austrian and German National Elections (2008/2009). Comparison within and between countries reveals similarities between parties that are more striking than differences at a general level, but it also identifies that catch‐all parties and client parties apply different targeting patterns. Client parties address the general public just as much as different target groups, whereas catch‐all parties tailor their websites to a greater extent to specific target segments.
Magnesium Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dong Jia-Yi , Xun Pengcheng , He Ka , Qin Li-Qiang 
Published: August 2011

OBJECTIVE
Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests that higher magnesium intake may reduce diabetes incidence. We aimed to examine the association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a PubMed database search through January 2011 to identify prospective cohort studies of magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. A random-effects model was used to compute the summary risk estimates.

RESULTS
Meta-analysis of 13 prospective cohort studies involving 536,318 participants and 24,516 cases detected a significant inverse association between magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk [RR] 0.78 [95% CI 0.73–0.84]). This association was not substantially modified by geographic region, follow-up length, sex, or family history of type 2 diabetes. A significant inverse association was observed in overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) but not in normal-weight individuals (BMI &lt;25 kg/m2), although test for interaction was not statistically significant (Pinteraction = 0.13). In the dose-response analysis, the summary RR of type 2 diabetes for every 100 mg/day increment in magnesium intake was 0.86 (95% CI 0.82–0.89). Sensitivity analyses restricted to studies with adjustment for cereal fiber intake yielded similar results. Little evidence of publication bias was observed.

CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis provides further evidence supporting that magnesium intake is significantly inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose-response manner.
Microsatellite loci development in mycoheterotrophic Corallorhiza maculata (Orchidaceae) with amplification in C. mertensiana
Authors: Hopkins Sarah E. , Lee Taylor D. 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for the first time in the species Corallorhiza maculata, a nonphotosynthetic orchid that is becoming a model for studying mycorrhizal specificity.• Methods and Results: Eight polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed using an enrichment and cloning protocol. The number of alleles for each locus ranged from two to seven. The loci were tested in three populations, and the resulting high FST values suggested that these loci have utility in illuminating population structure. Cross‐amplification was also achieved in the sister species C. mertensiana.• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers will be useful in further study of the population genetics of this species, including that of previously described mycorrhizal races.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in the critically endangered species Acer yangbiense (Aceraceae)
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Sun Weibang , Yang Junbo 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed to assess genetic diversity and population structure in Acer yangbiense, a critically endangered endemic species that occurs in northwestern Yunnan Province, China.• Methods and Results: Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol, 34 microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in A. yangbiense. Polymorphisms were evaluated in 39 individuals from two distinct populations, one of which was naturally occurring and the other an ex situ grouping. Nine of the markers showed polymorphisms with two to five alleles per locus; observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities ranged from 0.0000 to 0.8000 and from 0.0000 to 0.6889, respectively.• Conclusions: These microsatellite primers will prove useful in the further investigation of population genetics studies in A. yangbiense and, in addition, will assist related research of other congeneric species.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for a worldwide invasive weed, Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)
Authors: Yu Xiang‐Qin , Li Qiao‐Ming 
Published: August 2011

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for a worldwide invasive weed Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae) to elucidate the population genetic structure and invasive history.• Methods and Results: A total of 14 microsatellite primer pairs were developed using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol, and their polymorphism was assessed in two natural populations of C. odorata from Mexico and Trinidad and Tobago. Eleven loci showed polymorphism and eight of these loci were successfully amplified in Ageratina adenophora, another invasive weed related to C. odorata.• Conclusions: These microsatellite markers are useful for investigating the population genetic structure and the history of range expansion of these invasive species.
À qui appartient l'enfant en accueil familial ?
Authors: Chapon Nathalie 
Published: August 2011

L’article se situe dans la perspective des travaux s’intéressant aux situations de pluriparentalité (familles recomposées, familles adoptives, familles d’accueil...) qui de fait suscitent de nombreuses questions. La parentalité se trouve bousculée, en pleine recomposition Quel rôle et quelle place peuvent avoir les adultes auprès des enfants dont ils ne sont pas les parents ? L’article privilégie la situation des familles d’accueil, interroge le positionnement de l’assistante familiale, de son conjoint et des travailleurs sociaux. Les nouvelles situations de vie parentales nécessitent l’ouverture vers d’autres références familiales et sociales, vers un partage des axes de la parentalité et au-delà la mise en œuvre d’une démarche de coéducation avec l’ensemble des acteurs gravitant autour de l’enfant.
Cutting Edge: Mouse CD300f (CMRF-35–Like Molecule-1) Recognizes Outer Membrane-Exposed Phosphatidylserine and Can Promote Phagocytosis
Authors: Choi Seung-Chul , Simhadri Venkateswara R. , Tian Linjie , Gil-Krzewska Aleksandra , Krzewski Konrad , Borrego Francisco , Coligan John E. 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Reportedly, CD300f negatively regulates interactions between dendritic and T cells and acts as an anti-inflammatory molecule in a multiple sclerosis mouse model. We found that a CD300f/Fc chimeric protein specifically binds to apoptotic/dead splenocytes and to apoptotic cells from starved or irradiated lymphocytic cell lines, an observation extended to insect cells. CD300f also binds PMA/ionomycin-activated splenocytes and Ag-stimulated T cells, an interaction inhibited by Annexin V. By ELISA, cosedimentation, and surface plasmon resonance using phospholipid-containing liposomes, we show that CD300f preferentially binds phosphatidylserine and requires a metal ion. Exogenous expression of CD300f in cell lines results in enhanced phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. We conclude that expression of CD300f conveys additional capacity to recognize phosphatidylserine to myeloid cells. The result of this recognition may vary with the overall qualitative and quantitative receptor content, as well as signaling capacity of the expressing effector cell, but enhanced phagocytosis is one measurable outcome.
MiR‐142‐3p as a potential prognostic biomarker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Rui‐Jun , Xiao Da‐Wei , Liao Lian‐Di , Chen Tao , Xie Ze‐Feng , Huang Wei‐Zhe , Wang Wei‐Sen , Jiang Tai‐Feng , Wu Bing‐Li , Li En‐Min , Xu Li‐Yan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesmicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non‐coding RNAs, are always aberrantly expressed in many diseases including human cancers. The aim of this study was to examine and determine the clinical significance of hsa‐miR‐31, hsa‐miR‐142‐3p, hsa‐miR‐338‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐1261 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsExpression levels of four selected miRNAs, initially evaluated by microarray, were validated by qRT‐PCR. Various statistical methods were used to analyze the relationship between miRNA expression and clinicopathologic features and prognosis in 91 patients with ESCC.ResultsMiR‐31 and miR‐142‐3p expression were correlated to histological differentiation in ESCC (P < 0.05, Student's t‐test); high miR‐142‐3p expression was associated with a poor prognosis in all 91 ESCC patients (P = 0.014, log‐rank) and identified as an independent prognostic factor in ESCC (P = 0.017, univariate Cox; P = 0.022, multivariate Cox). More importantly, stratified analysis indicated that high miR‐142‐3p expression was correlated to a poor prognosis within good‐prognosis groups comprised of ESCC patients with small tumor size, negative lymph node metastasis, or early stage (all P < 0.05).ConclusionThe main findings suggest that miR‐142‐3p is involved in the progression of ESCC and is a potential prognostic biomarker for ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:175–182. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor is correlated with tumor metastasis and prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Wang Yin‐He , Han Xiao‐Dong , Qiu Yong , Xiong Jin , Yu Yang , Wang Bin , Zhu Ze‐Zhang , Qian Bang‐Ping , Chen Yi‐Xin , Wang Shou‐Feng , Shi Hong‐Fei , Sun Xu 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the association of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) with metastasis and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.MethodsRT‐PCR and Western blot assays were performed to detect IGF‐1R mRNA and protein expression in 26 osteosarcoma and noncancerous bone tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the correlation of IGF‐1R expression in 84 osteosarcoma tissues with clinicopathological factors or survival of patients. Lentivirus‐mediated RNA interference system was employed to downregulate IGF‐1R expression and analyze the effects of IGF‐1R downregulation on invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells.ResultsThe relative levels of IGF‐1R mRNA and protein expression were significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissues than in corresponding noncancerous bone tissues. The expression of IGF‐1R protein was closely associated with surgical stage and distant metastasis of osteosarcoma patients. Osteosarcoma patients with high IGF‐1R expression had poorer survival, and multivariate Cox analyses showed that high IGF‐1R expression was an independent prognostic maker. Lentivirus‐mediated targeting IGF‐1R could significantly inhibit adhesion, migration, invasion, and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells, which might be correlated with of inactivation of Akt signaling pathway.ConclusionsIGF‐1R is an independent prognostic marker for osteosarcoma patients and increased expression of this molecular is correlated with metastasis of osteosarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:235–243. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(arylene ether sulfone)s with trans‐1,4‐cyclohexylene ring containing ester linkages
Authors: Zhang Bin , Turner S. Richard 
Published: August 2011

Abstracttrans‐1,4‐Cyclohexylene ring containing acid chloride monomers were incorporated into poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) backbones to study their effect on mechanical and thermal properties. The trans‐1,4‐cyclohexylene ring containing acid chloride monomers were synthesized and characterized by NMR and high‐resolution mass spectrum. trans‐1,4‐Cyclohexylene containing PAESs were synthesized from the acid chloride monomers and hydroxyl terminated polysulfone oligomers with a pseudo‐interfacial method and a solution method. These PAESs, with trans‐1,4‐cyclohexylene ring containing ester linkages, were fully characterized by NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size exclusion chromatography, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The tensile properties were also evaluated. The polymers made with the pseudo‐interfacial method had relatively low molecular weights when compared to the solution method where much higher molecular weight polymers were obtained. Crystallinity was promoted in the low molecular weight biphenol‐based PAES samples with the pseudo‐interfacial method. The crystallinity was confirmed by both the DSC and the wide angle X‐ray diffraction results. The tensile test results of the high molecular weight polymers suggested that incorporation of the trans‐1,4‐cyclohexylene ring containing linkage slightly improved the ultimate elongations while maintaining the Young's moduli. The trans‐1,4‐cyclohexylene ring containing PAESs also showed higher sub‐Tg relaxations in DMA when compared with their terephthaloyl containing analog. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Differences in carotenoid accumulation among three feeder‐cricket species: implications for carotenoid delivery to captive insectivores
Authors: Ogilvy Victoria , Fidgett Andrea L. , Preziosi Richard F. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThere are a limited number of feeder‐invertebrates available to feed captive insectivores, and many are deficient in certain nutrients. Gut‐loading is used to increase the diversity of nutrients present in the captive insectivore diet; however, little is known about delivery of carotenoids via gut‐loading. Carotenoids may influence health and reproduction due to their roles in immune and antioxidant systems. We assessed interspecific variation in carotenoid accumulation and retention in three feeder‐cricket species (Gryllus bimaculatus, Gryllodes sigillatus and Acheta domesticus) fed one of three diets (wheat‐bran, fish‐food based formulated diet, and fresh fruit and vegetables). Out of the three species of feeder‐cricket in the fish‐food‐based dietary treatment group, G. bimaculatus had the greatest total carotenoid concentration. All cricket species fed the wheat‐bran diet had very low carotenoid concentrations. Species on the fish‐food‐based diet had intermediate carotenoid concentrations, and those on the fruit and vegetable diet had the highest concentrations. Carotenoid retention was poor across all species. Overall, this study shows that, by providing captive insectivores with G. bimaculatus crickets recently fed a carotenoid‐rich diet, the quantity of carotenoids in the diet can be increased. Zoo Biol 31:470–478, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of labor on differential gene expression in parturient women, placentas, and fetuses at term pregnancy
Authors: Peng Hsiu‐Huei , Kao Chuan‐Chi , Chang Shuenn‐Dyh , Chao An‐Shine , Chang Yao‐Lung , Wang Chao‐Nin , Cheng Po‐Jen , Lee Yun‐Shien , Wang Tzu‐Hao , Wang Hsin‐Shih 
Published: August 2011

AbstractLabor and its associated pain are thought to have unique impacts on parturient women. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of labor and associated pain on differential gene expression profiles in the maternal, fetal, and placental compartments. We used microarrays to analyze maternal blood (MB), fetal cord blood (CB), and placental tissue samples in pregnant women after term vaginal deliveries (laboring group) and in term pregnant women after scheduled Ceasarean sections (nonlaboring group). The upregulated genes in the MB of the laboring group are involved in cytokine and nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling pathways, regulation of the networks of toll‐like receptor 4, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3. Upregulated genes in the CB of the laboring group are involved in responding to stress and stimuli by regulating the network genes of the T‐cell receptor beta locus and the FK506 binding protein 8. Differentially expressed genes in the placenta of the laboring group are involved in nitric oxide transport, gas transport, response to hydrostatic pressure, oxygen transport, acute phase responses, and the tumor necrosis factor‐mediated signaling pathway, which are important during the transient hypoxemia and hypoperfusion that occur in the placenta during uterine contractions. Interestingly, few of the genes exhibited simultaneous changes in all three compartments, indicating that different pathways and complex interactions may be involved in human labor. In conclusion, human labor and its associated pain elicit unique gene regulatory changes in MB, placenta, and CB.
Targeted Preventive Care May Be Needed for Adults with Congenital Spine Anomalies
Authors: Wilson Richard , Lewis Steven A. , Dicianno Brad E. 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveTo compare hospitalizations caused by spina bifida–sensitive conditions, ambulatory care–sensitive conditions in adults with spina bifida and in the general population, our aim was to provide information about whether preventive health efforts already underway in the hospitalized general population are adequate for preventive care in spina bifida and congenital spine anomalies.DesignRetrospective secondary data analysis.Patients (or Participants)Records of hospitalized individuals who were 18 years of age and older.MethodsComparison between individuals hospitalized with spina bifida and the general population using data from the California State Inpatient Database from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project for 2004 of adults.Main Outcome MeasurementsPrevalence of spina bifida–sensitive conditions and ambulatory care–sensitive conditions as reason for hospitalization and 30‐day readmission.ResultsAs compared with the general population, persons with spina bifida who were hospitalized in 2004 had a significantly greater number of hospitalizations, number of hospitalizations associated with both spina bifida–sensitive conditions and ambulatory care–sensitive conditions, and number of 30‐day readmissions. Stratification by age shows that the admissions for spina bifida sensitive conditions were greater in persons with spina bifida than in the general population for all age groups. In contrast, only in the youngest age group did those with spina bifida experience greater hospitalizations for ambulatory care‐sensitive conditions.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence that persons with spina bifida have hospitalizations that are beyond what the general population experiences. These conditions may be potentially preventable with appropriate ambulatory care. This group also had a greater risk for readmission within 30 days of discharge from their last hospitalization. More research is needed on the efficacy of programs aimed at prevention of these conditions.
Fruit and vegetable intake and cognitive decline in middle-aged men and women: the Doetinchem Cohort Study
Authors: Nooyens Astrid C. J. , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , van Boxtel Martin P. J. , van Gelder Boukje M. , Verhagen Hans , Verschuren W. M. Monique 
Published: August 2011

To postpone cognitive decline and dementia in old age, primary prevention is required earlier in life during middle age. Dietary components may be modifiable determinants of mental performance. In the present study, habitual fruit and vegetable intake was studied in association with cognitive function and cognitive decline during middle age. In the Doetinchem Cohort Study, 2613 men and women aged 43–70 years at baseline (1995–2002) were examined for cognitive function twice, with a 5-year time interval. Global cognitive function and the domains memory, information processing speed and cognitive flexibility were assessed. Dietary intake was assessed with a semi-quantitative FFQ. In multivariate linear regression analyses, habitual fruit and vegetable intake was studied in association with baseline and change in cognitive function. Higher reported vegetable intake was associated with lower information processing speed (P = 0·02) and worse cognitive flexibility (P = 0·03) at baseline, but with smaller decline in information processing speed (P < 0·01) and global cognitive function (P = 0·02) at follow-up. Total intakes of fruits, legumes and juices were not associated with baseline or change in cognitive function. High intakes of some subgroups of fruits and vegetables (i.e. nuts, cabbage and root vegetables) were associated with better cognitive function at baseline and/or smaller decline in cognitive domains. In conclusion, total intake of fruits and vegetables was not or inconsistently associated with cognitive function and cognitive decline. A high habitual consumption of some specific fruits and vegetables may diminish age-related cognitive decline in middle-aged individuals. Further research is needed to verify these findings before recommendations can be made.
Effects of a Chinese medical herbs complex on cellular immunity and toxicity-related conditions of breast cancer patients
Authors: Zhuang S. R. , Chiu H. F. , Chen S. L. , Tsai J. H. , Lee M. Y. , Lee H. S. , Shen Y. C. , Yan Y. Y. , Shane G. T. , Wang C.-K. 
Published: August 2011

Rose geranium (Pelargonium graveolens, Geraniaceae) has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties, and promotes wound healing. Similarly,Ganoderma tsugae(Ganodermataceae),Codonopsis pilosula(Campanulaceae) andAngelica sinensis(Apiaceae) are traditional Chinese herbs associated with immunomodulatory functions. In the present study, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine whether the Chinese medicinal herb complex, RG-CMH, which represents a mixture of rose geranium and extracts ofG. tsugae, C. pilosula and A. sinensis, can improve the immune cell count of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to prevent leucopenia and immune impairment that usually occurs during cancer therapy. A total of fifty-eight breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy or radiotherapy were enrolled. Immune cell levels in patient serum were determined before, and following, 6 weeks of cancer treatment for patients receiving either an RG-CMH or a placebo. Administration of RG-CMH was associated with a significant reduction in levels of leucocytes from 31·5 % for the placebo group to 13·4 % for the RG-CMH group. Similarly, levels of neutrophils significantly decreased from 35·6 % for the placebo group to 11·0 % for the RG-CMH group. RG-CMH intervention was also associated with a decrease in levels of T cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells compared with the placebo group. However, these differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. In conclusion, administration of RG-CMH to patients receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy may have the capacity to delay, or ease, the reduction in levels of leucocytes and neutrophils that are experienced by patients during cancer treatment.