bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Band structure of magneto‐metallo‐dielectric photonic crystals with hybrid one‐ and two‐dimensional periodicity
Authors: Reyes‐Ayona E. , Halevi P. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe calculate the band structure of a magneto‐metallo‐dielectric photonic crystal (PC) with hybrid one‐ and two‐dimensional periodicity. Namely, the permittivity (permeability) is periodic in a plane (single direction). The metallic and magnetic properties are described, respectively, by means of the Drude model and a specific permeability model for Barium‐M ferrite. Because of the dispersion of both the permeability and the permittivity, we obtain a non‐standard eigenvalue problem which is possible to solve by means of a linearization technique. We found that the first band of this PC is very sensitive to the filling fraction of the magnetic component: by changing this fraction from 0.20 to 0.16 the slope – and effective index of refraction – changes from positive to negative.
A novel control architecture for physiological tremor compensation in teleoperated systems
Authors: Ghorbanian A. , Zareinejad M. , Rezaei S.M. , Sheikhzadeh H. , Baghestan K. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundTelesurgery delivers surgical care to a ‘remote’ patient by means of robotic manipulators. When accurate positioning of the surgeon's tool is required, as in microsurgery, physiological tremor causes unwanted imprecision during a surgical operation. Accurate estimation/compensation of physiological tremor in teleoperation systems has been shown to improve performance during telesurgery.MethodA new control architecture is proposed for estimation and compensation of physiological tremor in the presence of communication time delays. This control architecture guarantees stability with satisfactory transparency. In addition, the proposed method can be used for applications that require modifications in transmitted signals through communication channels. Stability of the bilateral tremor‐compensated teleoperation is preserved by extending the bilateral teleoperation to the equivalent trilateral Dual‐master/Single‐slave teleoperation. The bandlimited multiple Fourier linear combiner (BMFLC) algorithm is employed for real‐time estimation of the operator's physiological tremor.ResultsTwo kinds of stability analysis are employed. In the model‐base controller, Llewellyn's Criterion is used to analyze the teleoperation absolute stability. In the second method, a nonmodel‐based controller is proposed and the stability of the time‐delayed teleoperated system is proved by employing a Lyapunov function. Experimental results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the new control architecture. The tremorous motion is measured by accelerometer to be compensated in real time. In addition, a Needle‐Insertion setup is proposed as a slave robot for the application of brachytherapy, in which the needle penetrates in the desired position. The slave performs the desired task in two classes of environments (free motion of the slave and in the soft tissue).ConclusionExperiments show that the proposed control architecture effectively compensates the user's tremorous motion and the slave follows only the master's voluntary motion in a stable manner. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Milling of rice grains: The roles of starch structures in the solubility and swelling properties of rice flour
Authors: Hasjim Jovin , Li Enpeng , Dhital Sushil 
Published: May 2012

AbstractRice flours with different particle sizes and degrees of damaged starch granules were produced by hammer milling and cryogenic milling of rice grains, where degradation of starch molecules was evident in the hammer‐milled flours, but not in the cryogenically milled flours. The solubility and swelling properties of the resulting rice flours were determined in cold (30°C) and hot water (90°C). The cold‐ and hot‐water starch solubility was strongly correlated with the degree of damaged starch granules, and weakly with the particle size of rice flour. No evident correlations were observed between starch solubility and the molecular structures, indicating that molecular degradation by milling process was not the only precondition of increased starch solubility. Possible mechanism for the observed correlations is that increasing surface area and/or exposure of loosely packed inner part of starch granules with increasing degree of damaged starch granules allowed more starch molecules to leach out in cold and hot water. Furthermore, the cold‐water swelling of rice flour was strongly correlated with the degree of damaged starch granules, possibly due to the rapid hydration of damaged starch granules, whereas the hot‐water swelling did not show any correlations with flour particle size and granular and molecular starch structures. The results have provided better insights in the relationship between starch structures and solubility and swelling properties of rice flour, which can be used to improve the manufacture and selection criteria of rice flour for better products.
Systems engineering of Omid, the first domestic satellite of the I.R. of Iran
Authors: Shahrabi H. , Pourtakdoust Seid H. , Abolghasemi M. , Tivay M. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn keeping with the continuing effort toward the development of a domestic space research and development program in recent years, the Omid National Satellite (ONS) is the first domestically manufactured satellite from the Islamic Republic of Iran. As a technology demonstration, it was launched and utilized successfully in February 2009. Despite the simple mission of the ONS, because it was the first full‐scale successful space deployment experience for the country, the domestic manufacturing capabilities for satellite and launch technologies were boosted. More importantly, the country's domestic platform for future space projects was established. Considering the important role of systems engineering (SE) in the localization of the Iranian space industry, this paper aims to present the ONS space program in terms of its SE management , conceptual design, subsystem descriptions with technical specifications, integration, testing, and development. The operational in‐orbit aspects will also be described. The project generated a high level of hope and a sense of achievement among the many skilled national engineers who worked on the project. The specific and general lessons learned that are emphasized in this paper will be incorporated into the country's future space programs and will be used to support the development of the next generation of small satellites. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng
A versatile method for preparation of hydrated microbial–latex biocatalytic coatings for gas absorption and gas evolution
Authors: Gosse Jimmy L , Chinn Mari S , Grunden Amy M , Bernal Oscar I , Jenkins Jessica S , Yeager Chris , Kosourov Sergey , Seibert Michael , Flickinger Michael C 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe describe a latex wet coalescence method for gas-phase immobilization of microorganisms on paper which does not require drying for adhesion. This method reduces drying stresses to the microbes. It is applicable for microorganisms that do not tolerate desiccation stress during latex drying even in the presence of carbohydrates. Small surface area, 10–65 μm thick coatings were generated on chromatography paper strips and placed in the head-space of vertical sealed tubes containing liquid to hydrate the paper. These gas-phase microbial coatings hydrated by liquid in the paper pore space demonstrated absorption or evolution of H2, CO, CO2 or O2. The microbial products produced, ethanol and acetate, diffuse into the hydrated paper pores and accumulate in the liquid at the bottom of the tube. The paper provides hydration to the back side of the coating and also separates the biocatalyst from the products. Coating reactivity was demonstrated for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC124, which consumed CO2 and produced 10.2 ± 0.2 mmol O2 m−2 h−1, Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009, which consumed acetate and produced 0.47 ± 0.04 mmol H2 m−2 h−1, Clostridium ljungdahlii OTA1, which consumed 6 mmol CO m−2 h−1, and Synechococcus sp. PCC7002, which consumed CO2 and produced 5.00 ± 0.25 mmol O2 m−2 h−1. Coating thickness and microstructure were related to microbe size as determined by digital micrometry, profilometry, and confocal microscopy. The immobilization of different microorganisms in thin adhesive films in the gas phase demonstrates the utility of this method for evaluating genetically optimized microorganisms for gas absorption and gas evolution.
La consultation psychologique dans l’indication d’une prothèse pénienne : une expérience originale de complémentarité médicopsychologique
Authors: Mormont C. , Andrianne R. 
Published: May 2012

Résumé
Au Centre d’Étude et de Traitement des Insuffisances Sexuelles Masculines (CETISM) de notre département universitaire d’urologie, une consultation psychologique est systématiquement programmée lorsque la prothèse pénienne est considérée par le patient — et l’urologue — comme une solution possible de sa défaillance érectile.
Cette consultation comporte trois objectifs essentiels: repérer les cas — rares — de contre-indication psychopathologique, compléter l’information déjà donnée au patient lors des consultations médicochirurgicales et explorer les aspects relationnels, affectifs, cognitifs et érotiques susceptibles d’intervenir dans la prise de décision et dans l’intégration de la solution prothétique.
Elle vise aussi et surtout à rendre à l’homme sa position centrale, active, non seulement dans la prise de décision, mais encore dans l’élaboration d’un projet de vie qui tient compte de cette décision (positive ou négative), position qu’il a souvent perdue au moment où il est devenu « impuissant ».
Radiocarbon chronology of Holocene glacial and climatic events in southeastern Altai (Central Asia)
Authors: Agatova A.R. , Nazarov A.N. , Nepop R.K. , Orlova L.A. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The geomorphological studies and radiocarbon dating of moraine complexes and the tree line within the North Chuya Ridge, along with active slope processes, soil formation, and peat formation in southeastern Gorny Altai, constrain the age of the main glacial and climatic events in this area at 7 ka to the first half of the 19th century. It is for the first time in the history of Altai studies that 57 absolute dates were obtained for glaciation in a vast but climatically and neotectonically homogeneous area. The new data refute the conventional idea that the Holocene glaciation in this mountain land comprised eight stages of the gradual retreat of the Late Würm (Sartan) glaciation. Also, they evidence that glaciation in the upper parts of the troughs retreated almost completely no later than 7 ka and valley glaciers in southeastern Altai were activated many times in the second half of the Holocene. Data are given on the morphology and age of three moraine generations reflected in the topography. A combination of temperature minima and humidity maxima led to a catastrophically rapid and the largest (up to 5–6 km) ice advance at the Akkem Stage (4.9–4.2 ka). In addition to the radiocarbon data, the time limits of the Historical stage (2.3–1.7 ka) were defined more precisely using dendrochronological and archaeological data from Scythian burials of Pazyryk culture in SE Altai. The moraines closest to the present-day glaciers formed at the Aktru Stage (late 13th–middle 19th century). During warm interglacials, the glaciers waned considerably or retreated completely and the zone of recent glaciation was reforested. As a result of progressive aridization in the Holocene, the glaciers in southeastern Altai waned at each successive stage, and their mass balance was not positive during the greatest temperature minimum of the last millennium (middle 19th century).
Orderings and signatures of higher level on multirings and hyperfields
Authors: Gładki Paweł , Marshall Murray 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMultirings are objects like rings but with multi-valued addition. In the present paper we extend results of E. Becker and others concerning orderings of higher level on fields and rings to orderings of higher level on hyperfields and multirings and, in the process of doing this, we establish higher level analogs of the results previously obtained by the second author. In particular, we introduce a class of multirings called ℓ-real reduced multirings, define a natural reflection A ⇝ Qℓ-red(A) from the category of multirings satisfying to the full subcategory of ℓ-real reduced multirings, and provide an elementary first-order description of these objects. The relationship between ℓ-real reduced hyperfields and the spaces of signatures defined by Mulcahy and Powers is also examined.
Performance of empirical BLUP and Bayesian prediction in small randomized complete block experiments
Authors: FORKMAN J. , PIEPHO H-P. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARYThe model for analysis of randomized complete block (RCB) experiments usually includes two factors: block and treatment. If treatment is modelled as fixed, best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) is used, and treatment means estimate expected means. If treatment is modelled as random, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) shrinks the treatment means towards the overall mean, which results in smaller root-mean-square error (RMSE) in prediction of means. This theoretical result holds provided the variance components are known, but in practice the variance components are estimated. BLUP using estimated variance components is called empirical best linear unbiased prediction (EBLUP). In small experiments, estimates can be unreliable and the usefulness of EBLUP is uncertain. The present paper investigates, through simulation, the performance of EBLUP in small RCB experiments with normally as well as non-normally distributed random effects. The methods of Satterthwaite (1946) and of Kenward & Roger (1997, 2009), as implemented in the SAS System, were studied. Performance was measured by RMSE, in prediction of means, and coverage of prediction intervals. In addition, a Bayesian approach was used for prediction of treatment differences and computation of credible intervals. EBLUP performed better than BLUE with regard to RMSE, also when the number of treatments was small and when the treatment effects were non-normally distributed. The methods of Satterthwaite and of Kenward & Roger usually produced approximately correct coverage of prediction intervals. The Bayesian method gave the smallest RMSE and usually more accurate coverage of intervals than the other methods.
Barbara Hepworth and The Tonsillectomy
Authors: Kane Kevin J 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Foundation, a major medical research foundation in Melbourne, has recently acquired a hitherto unknown and uncatalogued painting by Dame Barbara Hepworth, the celebrated British sculptor and artist. It is of the Foundation's nominal patron Garnett Passe performing a tonsillectomy, probably at the London Clinic, in 1948. This article gives an account of Barbara Hepworth and her relationships with Garnett Passe and Norman Capener, the two surgeons who introduced her to this subject and who led to the creation of this unique work of art.
‘Take it from the top’: northern conceptions about identity in the western Arctic and beyond
Authors: Robinson Suzanne 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTDuring the last decades the Arctic has become more central on the world stage. However, despite increased interest how much do people really know about ‘the north’ and the ‘northern people’? The aim of this article is to chronicle a research project by students, who saw themselves as northerners, that used video to capture northerners’ definitions of the north, as well as asking the community about what they wanted newcomers and southern Canada to know about the north. The group also embarked on a new discipline of northerners studying ‘the south’. 43 students interviewed 95 people in the Beaufort Delta, Northwest Territories and 25 people in Edmonton, Alberta. The student researchers’ responses and that of their interviewees are some of the most direct messages on how northerners view their identity and that of their fellow southern Canadians. This project created a video tool to share, educate, and commence a dialogue between people about the north straight from the source.
Notions of property: traditional land use and boundaries in the Deh Cho region
Authors: Brown-Leonardi Carol J. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThe Deh Cho Dene have been negotiating territorial land since early European settlement. This paper argues that the changing needs of Deh Cho Dene society has changed their concept of property and this transformation has evolved with a responsibility to conserve cultural practice and ecological balance in Deh Cho Dene territorial lands. The article considers how the changing need of European society addresses property and ownership in the context of basic human rights and consumer interests. It uses the theories of Macpherson, Locke, and Marx to construct a model to understand the property relations that exist in the Deh Cho Dene region. Accordingly, the paper addresses oral narratives to give historical insight into the relations between neighbouring tribal groups and their understanding of territorial boundaries. An account of present day negotiations highlights the various initiatives taken to protect traditional interests and uphold historical claim to the territory. The negotiation of joint ventures and property ownership has evolved with concerns over ecological sustainability and the protection of a subsistence lifestyle, which is critical for the social and economic interests of Deh Cho Dene culture, and is closely connected to the land.
Density of half-horocycles on geometrically infinite hyperbolic surfaces
Authors: SCHAPIRA BARBARA 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOn the unit tangent bundle of a hyperbolic surface, we study the density of positive orbits $(h^s v)_{s\ge 0}$ under the horocyclic flow. More precisely, given a full orbit $(h^sv)_{s\in {\mathbb R}}$, we prove that under a weak assumption on the vector $v$, both half-orbits $(h^sv)_{s\ge 0}$ and $(h^s v)_{s\le 0}$ are simultaneously dense or not in the non-wandering set $\mathcal {E}$of the horocyclic flow. We give also a counterexample to this result when this assumption is not satisfied.
Disaster Mobile Health Technology: Lessons from Haiti
Authors: Callaway David W. , Peabody Christopher R. , Hoffman Ari , Cote Elizabeth , Moulton Seth , Baez Amado Alejandro , Nathanson Larry 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionMobile health (mHealth) technology can play a critical role in improving disaster victim tracking, triage, patient care, facility management, and theater-wide decision-making.ProblemTo date, no disaster mHealth application provides responders with adequate capabilities to function in an austere environment.MethodsThe Operational Medicine Institute (OMI) conducted a qualitative trial of a modified version of the off-the-shelf application iChart at the Fond Parisien Disaster Rescue Camp during the large-scale response to the January 12, 2010 earthquake in Haiti.ResultsThe iChart mHealth system created a patient log of 617 unique entries used by on-the-ground medical providers and field hospital administrators to facilitate provider triage, improve provider handoffs, and track vulnerable populations such as unaccompanied minors, pregnant women, traumatic orthopedic injuries and specified infectious diseases.ConclusionThe trial demonstrated that even a non-disaster specific application with significant programmatic limitations was an improvement over existing patient tracking and facility management systems. A unified electronic medical record and patient tracking system would add significant value to first responder capabilities in the disaster response setting.Callaway DW, Peabody CR, Hoffman A, Cote E, Moulton S, Baez AA, Nathanson L. Disaster mobile health technology: lessons from Haiti. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(2):1-5.
Pediatric Road Traffic Accident Deaths Presenting to a Nigerian Referral Center
Authors: Osifo Osarumwense David , Osagie Theophilus Osasumwen , Iribhogbe Pius Ehiawaguan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroductionRoad traffic accident (RTA) is a common cause of pediatric trauma death and disability, constituting a worldwide loss of financial resources and potential manpower. This study was designed to determine the causes, prehospital care, presentation, and injuries that resulted in deaths among pediatric victims of RTA in Nigeria, and to make suggestions, based on the study data, to reduce RTA deaths.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of pediatric RTA presenting to a Nigerian referral center. The records of all pediatric RTA between January 2006 and December 2010 at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital were analyzed for age, gender, causes of death, injury, rescue team prehospital treatment, injury to hospital arrival time, clinical condition on arrival, treatment, duration of hospitalization before death, challenges, and postmortem findings.ResultsTwenty-six (18%) of 143 pediatric RTA, comprising 18 males and 8 females, between less than one and 18 (mean 9.3 ± 5.2) years of age died. There was no significant statistical demographic difference observed when 15 (58%) deaths recorded among 67 (46.9%) children involved in motor vehicle accidents were compared with 11 (42%) involved in 76 (53.1%) motorcycle accidents (P= .31). More severe injuries resulting in the majority of deaths were associated with alcohol intoxication (P< .0001). Fourteen (54%) of the deaths were pedestrians, eight of whom were selling wares on the roadside; six were crossing roads that had no traffic signs or traffic control. Of the eight vehicle passengers who died, only two wore seat belts or used pediatric car seats, with no statistical significance compared to those who did not use seat belts or car seats (P= .37). Four of 14 front seat passengers and four of 32 rear seat passengers died (P= .222). Of motorcycle passengers, none of those who wore protective crash helmets died, while four died who were not wearing helmets. Passers-by and sympathizers served as rescuers provided emergency treatment, and presented the victims between one hour and four days after the accidents. Head injury in 14 (54%) cases was the most common cause of death.ConclusionPediatric RTA deaths in this study were due mainly to preventable causes. There is a need to stress road safety education to children, drivers, the general public and government policy formulators, and to adopt RTA preventive measures in this region of Nigeria.Osifo OD, Osagie TO, Iribhogbe PE. Pediatric road traffic accident deaths presenting to a Nigerian referral center.Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(2):1-6.
Millet transactions in market fairs, millet diversity and farmer welfare in Mali
Authors: Smale Melinda , Diakité Lamissa , Keita Naman 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough farmers in the Malian Sahel depend on millet for survival, demand and supply constraints have impeded their use of certified seed. We use data collected from households, vendors and seed samples to test the way market purchases of grain and seed affect household food consumption and millet genetic diversity. Purchase of millet grain in markets contributes to food security, but reduces dietary diversity – suggesting that scarce cash was directed toward meeting staple food needs first. Farmers purchased millet grain for seed only in the site with riskier rainfall and smaller market fairs. Although they were more likely to purchase in markets where the genetic dissimilarity of seed was higher, purchasing seed in markets was negatively associated with on-farm diversity. Seed shortage rather than variety experimentation appears to be the motivation for seed purchase. Introducing certified seed in rural markets through small-scale traders will require the provision of market services and promotional efforts.