bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women with intellectual disability in secure settings and their mental health needs
Authors: Beber Elizabeth 
Published: May 2012

PurposeThis article aims to describe the development of secure services for women with intellectual disability in the UK and to outline what is known about their mental health needs.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a general review which is based on what is known historically about the subject, findings from the current literature and the author's own personal knowledge of these specialist services.FindingsSecure services for women with intellectual disability have developed out of mainstream forensic and learning disability services.Originality/valueAlthough there is a reasonable body of literature on offending in the intellectually disabled population as a whole, little of this is specific to women. Despite this, the evidence there is suggests that women continue to require secure services and that they have significant mental health needs.
Thaw depth determines reaction and transport of inorganic nitrogen in valley bottom permafrost soils
Authors: Harms Tamara K. , Jones Jeremy B. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNitrate (NO3–) export coupled with high inorganic nitrogen (N) concentrations in Alaskan streams suggests that N cycles of permafrost‐influenced ecosystems are more open than expected for N‐limited ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that soil thaw depth governs inorganic N retention and removal in soils due to vertical patterns in the dominant N transformation pathways. Using an in situ, push–pull method, we estimated rates of inorganic N uptake and denitrification during snow melt, summer, and autumn, as depth of soil–stream flowpaths increased in the valley bottom of an arctic and a boreal catchment. Net NO3– uptake declined sharply from snow melt to summer and decreased as a nonlinear function of thaw depth. Peak denitrification rate occurred during snow melt at the arctic site, in summer at the boreal site, and declined as a nonlinear function of thaw depth across both sites. Seasonal patterns in ammonium (NH4+) uptake were not significant, but low rates during the peak growing season suggest uptake that is balanced by mineralization. Despite rapid rates of hydrologic transport during snow melt runoff, rates of uptake and removal of inorganic N tended to exceed water residence time during snow melt, indicating potential for retention of N in valley bottom soils when flowpaths are shallow. Decreased reaction rates relative to water residence time in subsequent seasons suggest greater export of inorganic N as the soil–stream flowpath deepens due to thawing soils. Using seasonal thaw as a proxy for longer term deepening of the thaw layer caused by climate warming and permafrost degradation, these results suggest increasing potential for export of inorganic N from permafrost‐influenced soils to streams.
Caregivers’ work satisfaction and individualised care in care settings for older people
Authors: Suhonen Riitta , Charalambous Andreas , Stolt Minna , Katajisto Jouko , Puro Markku 
Published: May 2012

Aim and objectives.  To examine the association between caregivers’ work satisfaction and individualised care in different care settings for older people.Background.  Work satisfaction in older people care settings has been associated with absenteeism, staff turnover and the quality of care delivered. The management of individuality is an important quality of care issue. Although these two issues are important there is little evidence about the possible association between them.Design.  An exploratory and correlational survey design.Methods.  Data were collected using three questionnaires, the Individualised Care Instrument the Individualised Care Scale‐Nurse and the Index of Work Satisfaction from a sample of professional nursing caregivers (n = 263, response rate 71%) in care settings for older people in one health care area in Finland in 2010. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlations, analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis.Results.  Caregivers support the patient’s individuality through specific activities, perceiving that they maintain individuality in care provision whilst reporting moderate work satisfaction. The ratings of individuality assessments were the lowest in nursing homes followed by long‐term care in in‐patient wards.There were statistically significant correlations between work satisfaction and specific perceptions in the support of individuality. The sub‐scales of the instruments used were: the Support of Individuality in general, Individuality in the Care Provided, Knowing the Person, Staff‐to‐Resident Communication and Staff‐to‐Staff Communication. Significant statistical differences in the results were found between staff working in home care, primary health care, in‐patient wards and nursing homes.Conclusions.  Low job satisfaction can affect the provision of individualised care emphasising the need to promote individualised care at an organisational level as a means of improving work satisfaction.Relevance to clinical practice.  Instruments to measure work satisfaction and individualised care can be used to improve care quality.
An external focus of attention enhances motor learning in children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Chiviacowsky S. , Wulf G. , Ávila L. T. G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackground  The present study examined whether the learning benefits of an external focus of attention (i.e. on the movement effect) relative to an internal focus (i.e. on the movement), found previously in non‐disabled children and adults would also be found in children with intellectual disabilities (IDs).Methods  Participants (n = 24; average age: 12.2 years) with mild intellectual deficiency (IQ = 51–69) practiced throwing beanbags at a target. In the external focus group, participants were instructed to direct their attention to the movement of the beanbag, while in the internal focus group, participants were asked to direct their attention to the movement of their hand. The practice phase consisted of 40 trials, and attentional focus reminders were given after every third trial. Learning was assessed 1 day later by retention and transfer (greater target distance) tests, each consisting of 10 trials. No focus reminders were given on that day.Results  The external focus group demonstrated more effective learning than the internal focus group, as evidenced by more accurate tosses on the transfer test.Conclusions  The present findings show that instructions that induce an external focus of attention can enhance motor learning in children with IDs.
Management increases genetic diversity of honey bees via admixture
Authors: HARPUR BROCK A. , MINAEI SHERMINEH , KENT CLEMENT F. , ZAYED AMRO 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe process of domestication often brings about profound changes in levels of genetic variation in animals and plants. The honey bee, Apis mellifera, has been managed by humans for centuries for both honey and wax production and crop pollination. Human management and selective breeding are believed to have caused reductions in genetic diversity in honey bee populations, thereby contributing to the global declines threatening this ecologically and economically important insect. However, previous studies supporting this claim mostly relied on population genetic comparisons of European and African (or Africanized) honey bee races; such conclusions require reassessment given recent evidence demonstrating that the honey bee originated in Africa and colonized Europe via two independent expansions. We sampled honey bee workers from two managed populations in North America and Europe as well as several old‐world progenitor populations in Africa, East and West Europe. Managed bees had highly introgressed genomes representing admixture between East and West European progenitor populations. We found that managed honey bees actually have higher levels of genetic diversity compared with their progenitors in East and West Europe, providing an unusual example whereby human management increases genetic diversity by promoting admixture. The relationship between genetic diversity and honey bee declines is tenuous given that managed bees have more genetic diversity than their progenitors and many viable domesticated animals.
Interactions of SR45, an SR‐like protein, with spliceosomal proteins and an intronic sequence: insights into regulated splicing
Authors: Day Irene S. , Golovkin Maxim , Palusa Saiprasad G. , Link Alicia , Ali Gul S. , Thomas Julie , Richardson Dale N. , Reddy Anireddy S. N. 
Published: May 2012

SummarySR45 is a serine/arginine‐rich (SR)‐like protein with two arginine/serine‐rich (RS) domains. We have previously shown that SR45 regulates alternative splicing (AS) by differential selection of 5′ and 3′ splice sites. However, it is unknown how SR45 regulates AS. To gain mechanistic insights into the roles of SR45 in splicing, we screened a yeast two‐hybrid library with SR45. This screening resulted in the isolation of two spliceosomal proteins, U1‐70K and U2AF35b that are known to function in 5′ and 3′ splice site selection, respectively. This screen not only confirmed our prior observation that U1‐70K and SR45 interact, but also helped to identify an additional interacting partner (U2AF35). In vitro and in vivo analyses revealed an interaction of SR45 with both paralogs of U2AF35. Furthermore, we show that the RS1 and RS2 domains of SR45, and not the RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain, associate independently with both U2AF35 proteins. Interaction studies among U2AF35 paralogs and between U2AF35 and U1‐70K revealed that U2AF35 can form homo‐ or heterodimers and that U2AF35 proteins can associate with U1‐70K. Using RNA probes from SR30 intron 10, whose splicing is altered in the sr45 mutant, we show that SR45 and U2AF35b bind to different parts of the intron, with a binding site for SR45 in the 5′ region and two binding regions, each ending with a known 3′ splice site, for U2AF35b. These results suggest that SR45 recruits U1snRNP and U2AF to 5′ and 3′ splice sites, respectively, by interacting with pre‐mRNA, U1‐70K and U2AF35 and modulates AS.
A stress‐specific calcium signature regulating an ozone‐responsive gene expression network in Arabidopsis
Authors: Short Eleri F. , North Kathryn A. , Roberts Michael R. , Hetherington Alistair M. , Shirras Alan D. , McAinsh Martin R. 
Published: May 2012

SummaryChanges in gene expression form a key component of the molecular mechanisms by which plants adapt and respond to environmental stresses. There is compelling evidence for the role of stimulus‐specific Ca2+ signatures in plant stress responses. However, our understanding of how they orchestrate the differential expression of stress‐induced genes remains fragmentary. We have undertaken a global study of changes in the Arabidopsis transcriptome induced by the pollutant ozone in order to establish a robust transcriptional response against which to test the ability of Ca2+ signatures to encode stimulus‐specific transcriptional information. We show that the expression of a set of co‐regulated ozone‐induced genes is Ca2+‐dependent and that abolition of the ozone‐induced Ca2+ signature inhibits the induction of these genes by ozone. No induction of this set of ozone‐regulated genes was observed in response to H2O2, one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by ozone, or cold stress, which also generates ROS, both of which stimulate changes in [Ca2+]cyt. These data establish unequivocally that the Ca2+‐dependent changes in gene expression observed in response to ozone are not simply a consequence of an ROS‐induced increase in [Ca2+]cytper se. The magnitude and temporal dynamics of the ozone, H2O2, and cold Ca2+ signatures all differ markedly. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that stimulus‐specific transcriptional information can be encoded in the spatiotemporal dynamics of complex Ca2+ signals in plants.
Suppression of Fungal and Bacterial Diseases of Cucumber Plants by Using the Spent Mushroom Substrate of Lyophyllum decastes and Pleurotus eryngii
Authors: Parada Roxana Yanira , Murakami Shigeyuki , Shimomura Norihiro , Otani Hiroshi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe protective effect of autoclaved water extract from spent mushroom substrate (AWESMS) and autoclaved spent mushroom substrate (ASMS) of the edible mushrooms Lyophyllum decastes (hatakeshimeji) and Pleurotus eryngii (eringi) against fungal and bacterial diseases was investigated on cucumber plants. When the plants were treated with AWESMS by spraying the first true leaves and inoculated with the target pathogen 7 days later, AWESMS of hatakeshimeji significantly reduced powdery mildew by Podosphaera xanthii, angular leaf spot by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, but not Corynespora leaf spot by Corynespora cassiicola and scab by Cladosporium cucumerinum. When the plants were grown in a mixture (1 : 2, v/v) of ASMS of hatakeshimeji and soil, a significant disease reduction was observed in powdery mildew, scab and angular leaf spot. The protective effect was also observed against anthracnose on plants treated with AWESMS or on plants grown in a mixture of ASMS of eringi (1 : 3, v/v). Our results indicated that AWESMS and ASMS, independently of the mushroom type, provide a protective effect against fungal and bacterial diseases. Therefore, SMS should be considered an easily available source of active compounds to protect plants from fungal and bacteria infections, helping alleviate the waste disposal problem in the mushroom industry and creating an environmentally friendly method to reduce plant pathogens.
Effects of Pythium irregulare and Root Pruning on Water‐Use Efficiency of Hydroponically Grown Wheat under PEG‐Induced Drought
Authors: Aldahadha Abdallah M. , Warwick Nigel W. M. , Backhouse David 
Published: May 2012

AbstractHydroponic experiments were conducted to compare the effects of Pythium irregulare and root pruning on wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Janz) transpiration, water‐use efficiency (WUE) and plant growth in the presence and absence of polyethylene glycol–induced drought (PEG). Pythium, PEG and root pruning reduced transpiration to a similar extent, but the mechanism that affects transpiration differed between the treatments. Reduced hydraulic conductivity of roots caused by disease in the Pythium treatment and reduced size of the root system in the root pruning treatment were responsible for decreased transpiration while reduction of stomatal conductance was the main cause for reduced transpiration in the PEG treatment. Pythium reduced shoot dry weight and increased root/shoot ratio but had no effect on whole‐plant or instantaneous WUE. There was a small additive effect of Pythium on whole‐plant transpiration of plants exposed to PEG‐induced drought, but there was no evidence of an interaction between Pythium and PEG‐induced drought on WUE or growth. This suggests that moderate root damage by pathogens is likely to have only a modest effect on the water relations of wheat plants.
Genetic Structure and Variability of East Asian Passiflora virus Population in Amami‐O‐shima, Japan
Authors: Fukumoto Tomohiro , Nakamura Masayuki , Ohshima Kazusato , Iwai Hisashi 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOur previous study showed that the East Asian Passiflora virus (EAPV) population emerging in Amami‐O‐shima, Kagoshima prefecture, Japan, consisted only of isolates of the AO strain by RT‐PCR screening using strain‐specific primers. To evaluate the results and gain insights into the evolutionary mechanisms of EAPV, the coat protein (CP) nucleotide (nt) sequences of 17 isolates collected from four different regions (Tatsugo, Uken, Sumiyo and Setouchi) in Amami‐O‐shima and polyprotein‐encoding sequences of 8 isolates of them were determined. The nt sequence identities of resultant CP‐ and polyprotein‐encoding sequences against the type isolate of the AO strain were >98.5 and >98.8%, respectively, confirming that all the 17 isolates are of the same genetic group. Estimates of nt diversity showed that the EAPV population in Amami‐O‐shima had low diversity through the genome and all the genes were under negative selection, but the genetic constraints were varied between different protein‐encoding regions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that EAPV isolates showed a star‐like phyl‐ogeny based on their CP‐encoding regions, and it is suggested that the population in Sumiyo has expanded recently.
Case of peptide‐YY‐producing strumal carcinoid of the ovary: A case report and review
Authors: Takatori Eriko , Shoji Tadahiro , Miura Jiyu , Takeuchi Satoshi , Yoshizaki Akira , Sugiyama Toru 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOvarian carcinoid is a rare tumor accounting for approximately 0.1% of all ovarian malignancies. We describe a case of peptide‐YY‐producing strumal carcinoid of the ovary associated with severe constipation. A 48‐year‐old woman was found to have a pelvic mass on ultrasonography when she visited her primary doctor for a health check‐up. She was thus referred to our department. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid right ovarian tumor 60 × 50 mm in size. The patient underwent a right adnexectomy and was histopathologically diagnosed as having strumal carcinoid of the ovary. On immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells were positive for peptide YY. The patient's constipation resolved rapidly after surgery. Based on her clinical course, her constipation was considered to have been caused by the strumal carcinoid of the ovary. The clinical course of this case supports the previously recognized correlation between peptide‐YY‐producing ovarian carcinoid and constipation.
Selected cytokines and glycodelin A levels in serum and peritoneal fluid in girls with endometriosis
Authors: Drosdzol‐Cop Agnieszka , Skrzypulec‐Plinta Violetta 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAim:  The aim of this study was to determine the role of serum and peritoneal interleukin (IL)‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and glycodelin A levels as diagnostic markers of endometriosis in adolescent girls.Material and Methods:  The study encompassed 50 adolescent girls, aged 13–19 years, after menarche and with chronic pelvic pain who qualified for diagnostic laparoscopy. The patients were allocated into two groups: group I (endometriosis group) consisted of subjects with diagnosed endometriosis (n = 33, 66%) and group II (control group) included those whose laparoscopic examinations revealed no evidence of endometriosis (n = 17, 34%). IL‐6, TNF‐α and glycodelin A concentrations in serum and peritoneal samples were assessed using commercially available human enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. The value of P < 0.05 was adopted as the level of statistical significance.Results:  Compared with the control group, adolescent girls with endometriosis had significantly higher peritoneal fluid levels of: IL‐6 (525.10 ± 1168.53 pg/mL vs 62.96 ± 82.35 pg/mL), TNF‐α (5.79 ± 5.60 pg/mL vs 1.68 ± 1.24 pg/mL) and glycodelin A (94.24 ± 60.97 ng/mL vs 53.52 ± 41.43 ng/mL). Peritoneal IL‐6, TNF‐α and glycodelin A provided a good method of discrimination between subjects with endometriosis and controls. Using cut‐off points for peritoneal fluid IL‐6 (90.00 pg/mL), TNF‐α (3.00 pg/mL) and glycodelin A (60.0 ng/mL), exceptionally high odds ratios (10.2; 14.6; 2.2) were obtained in the prediction of endometriosis in adolescents.Conclusions:  At the cut‐off value of 3.00 pg/mL, peritoneal TNF‐α can be a reliable screening marker for the prediction of endometriosis in adolescents, giving a 14.6‐fold higher probability of endometriosis detection in girls with chronic pelvic pain.
Early prenatal detection of a fast‐growing fetal epignathus
Authors: Nagy Gyula R. , Neducsin Bence P. , Lázár Levente , Stenczer Balázs , Csapó Zsolt , Rigó Jr János 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEpignathus is a rare congenital orofacial teratoma. We present a case of a fast‐growing tumor, where early prenatal diagnosis was made and where fetopathological examination revealed the reason of the remarkable ultrasonographic signs and underlined the expected poor prognosis. Ultrasonographic examination at 18 weeks' gestation showed that there was a growing tumor protruding from the fetus's mouth. The fetal stomach could not be seen and extreme polyhydramnios was also detected. After counseling, the couple opted for a termination of pregnancy. Fetopathological examination showed that the tumorosus mass was not only protruding from the mouth, but also inexplicably grew downwards, was connected to the hard palate and the periosteum of the vertebral corpus, making an airway and esophageal obstruction, causing the ultrasonographic findings. Postnatal treatment and surgical removal of this tumor seemed to be impossible. In case of an early detection of a fast‐growing fetal epignathus, pregnancy termination should be considered.
The Epistemological Bases of the Slow Switching Argument
Authors: Morvarid Mahmoud 
Published: May 2012

AbstractOne of the main arguments intended to show that content externalism undermines the privileged access thesis is the ‘slow switching argument’, originally proposed by Boghossian (1989). In this argument, it is supposed that a subject is unknowingly switched back and forth between Earth and Twin Earth: then it is claimed that, given externalism, when the subject is on Earth thinking that water is wet, he cannot know the content of his thought a priori, for he cannot, by mere reflection, rule out the relevant alternative hypothesis that he is on Twin Earth thinking that twater is wet. One of the controversies surrounding this argument stems from the fact that it is not clear which epistemological principle underlies it. Here, I examine two suggestions made in the literature as to what that underlying principle might be. I argue that neither of these suggested principles is plausible, and thus that the slow switching argument never gets off the ground.
Usefulness of rectal biopsy for the diagnosis of Kufs disease: a controlled study and review of the literature
Authors: Ferlazzo E. , Gasparini S. , Pasquinelli G. , Labate A. , Gambardella A. , Sofia V. , Cianci V. , Branca D. , Quattrone A. , Aguglia U. 
Published: May 2012

Background and purposeRectal biopsy is usually performed for in vivo diagnosis of Kufs disease (KD). We evaluated the usefulness of rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of such condition by comparing ultrastructural data of patients with suspicion of KD with those of control subjects. Furthermore, we reviewed literature data concerning the value of such a diagnostic procedure in the diagnosis of KD.MethodsSixty‐five subjects were enrolled and underwent rectal biopsy. Of these, 13 had a clinical picture in keeping with KD, whereas 52, affected by Irritable Bowel Syndrome, constituted the control group.ResultsUltrastructural analysis evidenced fingerprint (FP) inclusions in 12 subjects, 4/13 with suspicion of KD and 8/52 controls. In patients, FPs were mainly located in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) while in controls they were mostly found in pericytes and VSMC. No FPs were found in one patient with genetically confirmed KD. In literature, we identified 14 KD patients who underwent rectal biopsy. In most reports, ultrastructural features were not systematically analyzed or described.ConclusionsFingerprints are the most common ultrastructural finding in rectal biopsy in patients with suspicion of KD. However, their presence in pericytes and VSMC is not specific for KD because they may be found in controls subjects. Our literature review revealed that data on the value of rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of KD are scarce. In light of these findings, the relevance of rectal biopsy in such condition should be re‐evaluated.