bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flexible cardiac T1 mapping using a modified look–locker acquisition with saturation recovery
Authors: Song Ting , Stainsby Jeffrey A. , Ho Vincent B. , Hood Maureen N. , Slavin Glenn S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA modified Look–Locker acquisition using saturation recovery (MLLSR) for breath‐held myocardial T1 mapping is presented. Despite its reduced dynamic range, saturation recovery enables substantially higher imaging efficiency than conventional inversion recovery T1 mapping because it does not require time for magnetization to relax to equilibrium. Therefore, MLLSR enables segmented readouts, shorter data acquisition windows, and shorter breath holds compared with inversion recovery. T1 measurements in phantoms using MLLSR showed a high correlation with conventional single‐point inversion recovery spin echo. In vivo T1 measurements from normal and infarcted myocardium in 41 volunteers and patients were consistent with previously reported values. Twenty subjects were also scanned with MLLSR using an accelerated sampling scheme that required half the scan time (eight vs. 16 heartbeats) but yielded equivalent results. The flexibility afforded by the improved imaging efficiency of MLLSR allows the acquisition to be tailored to particular clinical needs and to individual patient's breath‐holding abilities. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endocytic collagen degradation: a novel mechanism involved in protection against liver fibrosis
Authors: Madsen Daniel H , Jürgensen Henrik J , Ingvarsen Signe , Melander Maria C , Vainer Ben , Egerod Kristoffer L , Hald Andreas , Rønø Birgitte , Madsen Charlotte A , Bugge Thomas H , Engelholm Lars H , Behrendt Niels 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFibrosis of the liver and its end‐stage, cirrhosis, represent major health problems worldwide. In these fibrotic conditions, activated fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells display a net deposition of collagen. This collagen deposition is a major factor leading to liver dysfunction, thus making it crucially important to understand both the collagen synthesis and turnover mechanisms in this condition. Here we show that the endocytic collagen receptor, uPARAP/Endo180, is a major determinant in governing the balance between collagen deposition and degradation. Cirrhotic human livers displayed a marked up‐regulation of uPARAP/Endo180 in activated fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells located close to the collagen deposits. In a hepatic stellate cell line, uPARAP/Endo180 was shown to be active in, and required for, the uptake and intracellular degradation of collagen. To evaluate the functional importance of this collagen receptor in vivo, liver fibrosis was induced in uPARAP/Endo180‐deficient mice and littermate wild‐type mice by chronic CCl4 administration. A strong up‐regulation of uPARAP/Endo180 was observed in wild‐type mice, and a quantitative comparison of collagen deposits in the two groups of mice clearly revealed a fibrosis protective role of uPARAP/Endo180. This effect appeared to directly reflect the activity of the collagen receptor, since no compensatory events were noted when comparing the mRNA expression profiles of the two groups of mice in an array system focused on matrix‐degrading components. This function of uPARAP/Endo180 defines a novel role of intracellular collagen turnover in fibrosis protection. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated genome and transcriptome sequencing identifies a novel form of hybrid and aggressive prostate cancer
Authors: Wu Chunxiao , Wyatt Alexander W , Lapuk Anna V , McPherson Andrew , McConeghy Brian J , Bell Robert H , Anderson Shawn , Haegert Anne , Brahmbhatt Sonal , Shukin Robert , Mo Fan , Li Estelle , Fazli Ladan , Hurtado‐Coll Antonio , Jones Edward C , Butterfield Yaron S , Hach Faraz , Hormozdiari Fereydoun , Hajirasouliha Iman , Boutros Paul C , Bristow Robert G , Jones Steven JM , Hirst Martin , Marra Marco A , Maher Christopher A , Chinnaiyan Arul M , Sahinalp S Cenk , Gleave Martin E , Volik Stanislav V , Collins Colin C 
Published: January 2012

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing is making sequence‐based molecular pathology and personalized oncology viable. We selected an individual initially diagnosed with conventional but aggressive prostate adenocarcinoma and sequenced the genome and transcriptome from primary and metastatic tissues collected prior to hormone therapy. The histology‐pathology and copy number profiles were remarkably homogeneous, yet it was possible to propose the quadrant of the prostate tumour that likely seeded the metastatic diaspora. Despite a homogeneous cell type, our transcriptome analysis revealed signatures of both luminal and neuroendocrine cell types. Remarkably, the repertoire of expressed but apparently private gene fusions, including C15orf21:MYC, recapitulated this biology. We hypothesize that the amplification and over‐expression of the stem cell gene MSI2 may have contributed to the stable hybrid cellular identity. This hybrid luminal‐neuroendocrine tumour appears to represent a novel and highly aggressive case of prostate cancer with unique biological features and, conceivably, a propensity for rapid progression to castrate‐resistance. Overall, this work highlights the importance of integrated analyses of genome, exome and transcriptome sequences for basic tumour biology, sequence‐based molecular pathology and personalized oncology. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge selective encapsulation by polymeric micelles with cationic, anionic, or zwitterionic cores
Authors: Wan Decheng , Jin Ming , Pu Hongting , Wang Guowei 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPolymeric micelles showing charge selective and pH‐reversible encapsulation are reported. It is found that for a guest mixture of organic cationic–anionic dyes, a unimolecular micelle (PEI@PS) with a polystyrene (PS) as shell and a hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) as core can exclusively entrap the anionic one; and a physical micelle consisting of brush‐like macromolecule (mPS‐PAA) with multi PS‐b‐polyacrylic acid (PAA) as grafts can exclusively entrap the cationic one. A covalent micelle (PEI‐COOH@PS) bearing a zwitterionic core, that is, PEI covalently derived with dense carboxylic acids, can undergo highly pH‐switchable charge selective and pH‐reversible encapsulation. Both PEI@PS and mPS‐PAA can be used for highly charge‐selective separation of ionic dyes but the pH‐reversibility of the encapsulation is relatively limited. In contrast, PEI‐COOH@PS is less effective to differentiate the anionic–cationic dyes but is well recyclable. A physical micelle obtained from the self‐assembly of PEI and mPS‐PAA shows similar property to PEI‐COOH@PS. The combination of these micelles in mixture separation can enhance the recyclability of the micelle and widen the spectrum of mixtures that can be well separated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Space shuttle testing of the TriDAR 3D rendezvous and docking sensor
Authors: Ruel Stéphane , Luu Tim , Berube Andrew 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper presents results from the first two Space Shuttle test flights of the TriDAR vision system. TriDAR was developed as a proximity operations sensor for autonomous rendezvous and docking (AR&D) missions to noncooperative targets in space. The system does not require the use of cooperative markers, such as retro‐reflectors, on the target spacecraft. TriDAR includes a hybrid three‐dimensional (3D) sensor along with embedded model based tracking algorithms to provide six‐degree‐of‐freedom (6 DOF) relative pose information in real time. A thermal imager is also included to provide range and bearing information for far‐range rendezvous operations. In partnership with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) and NASA, Neptec has space‐qualified the TriDAR vision system and integrated it on board Space Shuttle Discovery to fly as a detailed test objective (DTO) on the STS‐128 and STS‐131 missions to the International Space Station (ISS). The objective of the TriDAR DTO missions was to demonstrate the system's ability to perform acquisition and tracking of a known target in space autonomously and provide real‐time relative navigation cues. Knowledge (reference 3D model) about the target can be obtained on the ground or in orbit. Autonomous operations involved automatic acquisition of the ISS and real‐time tracking, as well as detection and recovery from system malfunctions and/or loss of tracking. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of tongue–artificial nipple contact pressure during infant sucking
Authors: Niikawa Takuya , Hagino Chika , Nishi Eri , Kawachi Ryosuke , Minato Kotaro , Takada Yoshinobu 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTo clarify the motor function of the infant tongue during sucking, we developed an artificial nipple that contained multiple small built‐in force sensors integrated with a PC‐based system which is capable of measuring tongue–artificial nipple contact pressures in real time. The force sensor is a cantilever structure with a small, thin stainless steel beam where an all‐purpose foil strain gauge is attached to the surface of the beam. An artificial nipple made of an elastomer containing these sensors is connected through an amplifier and an A/D converter to a PC via a USB port. Using this system, measurements were taken in three infants whose oral feeding was well established and in one infant of low birth weight. The results from each force sensor showed a pressure waveform of a nearly simple harmonic motion that indicated a peristalsis‐like movement of the tongue; the sucking frequency was found to be about two times per second. In addition, in the low‐birth‐weight infant, the pressure changed as the infant grew. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Noble metal nanoparticles in DNA detection and delivery
Authors: Chen Xi‐Jun , Sanchez‐Gaytan Brenda L. , Qian Zhaoxia , Park So‐Jung 
Published: January 2012

AbstractDNA‐conjugated metal nanoparticles have attracted enormous attention for biological and medical applications, owing to their unusual DNA melting characteristics as well as unique optical and catalytic properties. The combination of these unique properties has not only led to the development of DNA‐detection technologies with remarkably high selectivity and sensitivity, but also to the development of gene therapeutic agents with high efficacy and efficiency. In this review, we present a comprehensive coverage on their applications in detecting, manipulating, and delivering genes. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:273–290. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1159This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle-Based Sensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Moderately increased risk of urinary stone disease in patients with biopsy‐verified coeliac disease
Authors: Ludvigsson J. F. , Zingone F. , Fored M. , Ciacci C. , Cirillo M. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryBackgroundUrinary stone disease is a mal‐absorptive disorder that is a significant health problem because of its high prevalence and incidence. However, there are few population‐based studies on the risk of urinary stone disease in patients with coeliac disease (CD).AimTo examine the risk of urinary stone disease in CD.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study. Using small intestinal biopsy report data from 1969 to 2008 obtained from all Swedish pathology departments (n = 28), we identified 28 735 patients with CD (equal to Marsh 3: villous atrophy). Patients were then matched for gender, age, county and calendar year to 142 177 reference individuals from the Swedish general population. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for future urinary stone disease and conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for urinary stone disease before diagnosis of CD. Individuals with urinary stone disease were identified through the Swedish National Patient Register that contains data on inpatient care, outpatient care and day surgery.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 314 individuals with CD and 1142 reference individuals developed urinary stone disease. This corresponded to a 27% increased risk of urinary stone disease in CD [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12–1.44]. CD patients had an absolute risk of urinary stone disease of 107/100 000 person‐years (excess risk of 23/100 000). Risk estimates were similar in men and women, and did not differ according to age at CD diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression found that patients with CD were at a slightly increased risk also of prior urinary stone disease (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.06–1.33).ConclusionIn this study, coeliac disease was associated with a moderately increased risk of urinary stone disease both before and after coeliac disease diagnosis.
A genome‐wide survey of copy number variation regions in various chicken breeds by array comparative genomic hybridization method
Authors: Wang Y. , Gu X. , Feng C. , Song C. , Hu X. , Li N. 
Published: January 2012

SummaryThe discovery of copy number variation (CNV) in the genome has provided new insight into genomic polymorphism. Studies with chickens have identified a number of large CNV segments using a 385k comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) chip (mean length >140 kb). We present a detailed CNV map for local Chinese chicken breeds and commercial chicken lines using an Agilent 400k array CGH platform with custom‐designed probes. We identified a total of 130 copy number variation regions (CNVRs; mean length = 25.70 kb). Of these, 104 (80.0%) were novel segments reported for the first time in chickens. Among the 104 novel CNVRs, 56 (53.8%) of the segments were non‐coding sequences, 65 (62.5%) showed the gain of DNA and 40 (38.5%) showed the loss of DNA (one locus showed both loss and gain). Overlapping with the formal selective sweep data and the quantitative trait loci data, we identified four loci that might be considered to be high‐confidence selective segments that arose during the domestication of chickens. Compared with the CNVRs reported previously, genes for the positive regulation of phospholipase A2 activity were discovered to be significantly over‐represented in the novel CNVRs reported here by gene ontology analysis. Availability of our results should facilitate further research in the study of the genetic variability in chicken breeds.
A new development of triterpene acid‐containing extracts from Viscum album L. displays synergistic induction of apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Delebinski C. I. , Jaeger S. , Kemnitz‐Hassanin K. , Henze G. , Lode H. N. , Seifert G. J. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Objectives:  Aqueous Viscum album L. extracts are widely used for anti‐cancer therapies. Due to their low solubility, triterpenes (which are known to act on cancers), do not occur in aqueous extracts in significant amounts. Using cyclodextrins, we have found it possible to solubilize mistletoe triterpene acids and to determine their effects on acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in vitro and in vivo.
Materials and methods:  A C.B‐17/SCID model of pre‐B ALL (NALM‐6) was used to test efficacy and mechanisms of treatment with lectin‐ and triterpene acid containing preparations in vivo. Cytotoxicity of increasing concentrations of V. album L. preparations was assessed in vitro. Apoptosis was determined using mitochondrial membrane potential measurements, annexin V/PI, western blot analyses and caspase inhibitor assays.
Results:  Solubilized triterpene acid‐ or lectin‐containing V. album L. extracts inhibited cell proliferation and demonstrated cytotoxic properties in vitro. Annexin V/PI and mitochondrial membrane potential assays indicated that dose‐dependent induction of apoptosis was the main mechanism. Combination (viscumTT) of lectin‐ (viscum) and triterpene‐containing (TT) extracts resulted in greatest induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, caspase activity demonstrated that these extracts were able to induce apoptosis through both caspase‐8 and ‐9 dependent pathways. In vivo experimentation showed that treatment of mice with viscumTT combination prolonged mean survival to 50.5 days compared to 39.3 days in the phosphate‐buffered saline group.
Conclusion:  Here for the first time, we have demonstrated that either solubilized triterpene acids or lectins and combinations thereof, induce dose‐dependent apoptosis in the ALL cell line NALM‐6 via caspase‐8 and ‐9 dependent pathways.
Tissue‐dependent changes in oxidative damage with male reproductive effort in house mice
Authors: Garratt Michael , McArdle Francis , Stockley Paula , Vasilaki Aphrodite , Beynon Robert J. , Jackson Malcolm J. , Hurst Jane L. 
Published: January 2012

Summary1.  Investment in reproduction is anticipated to be costly and can decrease survival or future reproductive success. For males, substantial reproductive costs may be accrued when competing for mates, particularly when individuals need to invest heavily in the production of sexual signals to attract females. On a proximate level, increased male signalling effort can cause somatic damage because of oxidative stress, although this has been demonstrated only in species with visual sexual signals.2.  We tested whether reproductive effort (comprising reproduction, aggression and scent signalling) is associated with increased oxidative stress in male house mice (Mus musculus domesticus). Sexual signalling in this species involves the production and deposition of scent signals containing a high concentration of protein around a defended territory. Male reproductive investment was manipulated by housing males alone, with a female or with a female and in the vicinity of competitors.3.  Males breeding in the vicinity of competitors invested the most in olfactory signalling as well as having regular aggressive interactions with other males. These males tended to show greater oxidative damage to lipids in the gastrocnemius muscle but no other indication of increased oxidative stress. Instead, lipid oxidation was lower in the serum and liver of reproductive males compared with those housed alone.4.  Our results highlight that oxidative stress does not always occur simply as a function of increasing reproductive effort. The lack of a consistent increase in oxidative damage could be due to adaptive regulation of antioxidants and/or a consequence of the scent signalling system of house mice, which differs considerably from the visual signalling of birds previously examined in this context.
Understanding children’s dental anxiety and psychological approaches to its reduction
Authors: PORRITT JENNY , MARSHMAN ZOE , RODD HELEN D. 
Published: January 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2012; 22: 397–405Background.  Dental anxiety is a common problem, which can affect people of all ages, but appears to develop mostly in childhood and adolescence. Childhood dental anxiety is not only distressing for the child and their family but is also associated with poor oral health outcomes and an increased reliance on costly specialist dental services.Aim.  This article will consider the prevalence, development, and implications of children’s dental anxiety. It will also discuss the opportunities for and challenges of psychological approaches such as cognitive behavioural therapy aimed at the reduction of dental anxiety in children.
Towards an analysis framework for investigating students' engagement and learning in educational blogs
Authors: Jimoyiannis A. , Angelaina S. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractEducational blogs are currently gaining in popularity in schools and higher education institutions, and they are widely promoted as collaborative tools supporting students' active learning. However, literature review on educational blogging revealed a lack of a complete and consistent framework for studying and assessing students' engagement and the impact of blogging on students' learning. This study reports on the application of an analysis framework for evaluating blogging learning activities, based on two well‐documented models, those of Community of Inquiry (CoI) and Social Network Analysis. The framework proposed is examined through an empirical study involving 21 K‐9 students, coming from two classes, in Greece. This investigation shed light into the different ways of students' engagement in a blog‐based project, namely their social and cognitive presence that supported the development of a CoI and learning. The results suggest that the students, through their different roles in the blog, achieved higher thinking and cognitive levels.
Strong intraspecific variation in genetic diversity and genetic differentiation inDaphnia magna: the effects of population turnover and population size
Authors: WALSER B. , HAAG C. R. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractTheory predicts that genetic diversity and genetic differentiation may strongly vary among populations of the same species depending on population turnover and local population sizes. Yet, despite the importance of these predictions for evolutionary and conservation issues, empirical studies comparing high‐turnover and low‐turnover populations of the same species are scarce. In this study, we usedDaphnia magna, a freshwater crustacean, as a model organism for such a comparison. In the southern/central part of its range,D. magnainhabits medium‐sized, stable ponds, whereas in the north, it occurs in small rock pools with strong population turnover. We found that these northern populations have a significantly lower genetic diversity and higher genetic differentiation compared to the southern/central populations. Total genetic diversity across populations was only about half and average within‐population diversity only about a third of that in southern/central populations. Moreover, an average southern population contains more genetic diversity than the whole metapopulation system in the north. We based our analyses both on silent sites and microsatellites. The similarity of our results despite the contrasting mutation rates of these markers suggests that the differences are caused by contemporary rather than by historical processes. Our findings show that variation in population turnover and population size may have a major impact on the genetic diversity and differentiation of populations, and hence may lead to differences in evolutionary processes like local adaptation, hybrid vigour and breeding system evolution in different parts of a species range.