bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ScatterD
Authors: White Jules , Dougherty Brian , Thompson Chris , Schmidt Douglas C. 
Published: September 2011

Distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems can be composed of hundreds of software components running across tens or hundreds of networked processors that are physically separated from one another. A key concern in DRE systems is determining the spatial deployment topology, which is how the software components map to the underlying hardware components. Optimizations, such as placing software components with high-frequency communications on processors that are closer together, can yield a number of important benefits, such as reduced power consumption due to decreased wireless transmission power required to communicate between the processing nodes.
Determining a spatial deployment plan across a series of processors that will minimize power consumption is hard since the spatial deployment plan must respect a combination of real-time scheduling, fault-tolerance, resource, and other complex constraints. This article presents a hybrid heuristic/evolutionary algorithm, called ScatterD, for automatically generating spatial deployment plans that minimize power consumption. This work provides the following contributions to the study of spatial deployment optimization for power consumption minimization: (1) it combines heuristic bin-packing with an evolutionary algorithm to produce a hybrid algorithm with excellent deployment derivation capabilities and scalability, (2) it shows how a unique representation of the spatial deployment solution space integrates the heuristic and evolutionary algorithms, and (3) it analyzes the results of experiments performed with data derived from a large-scale avionics system that compares ScatterD with other automated deployment techniques. These results show that ScatterD reduces power consumption by between 6% and 240% more than standard bin-packing, genetic, and particle swarm optimization algorithms.
Improved Liquid Water Equivalent Nowcasting Using the Weather Support to Deicing Decision Making System
Authors: Ruzanski Evan , Chandrasekar V. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Short-term automated forecasts (nowcasts) of liquid water equivalent (LWE) values can be used to assist aviation deicing decision-making activities. Such decisions can mitigate hazards that cause losses of life and property and increase costs because of travel delays. The Weather Support to Deicing Decision Making (WSDDM) system provides LWE nowcasts and is currently deployed at several major airports in the United States. WSDDM produces these nowcasts in two steps. First, an equation relating radar reflectivity to LWE rate is calibrated by correlating radar and surface observations. Then, nowcasts of reflectivity are converted to nowcasts of LWE using this calibrated equation. This paper shows that the incorporation of the Dynamic and Adaptive Radar Tracking of Storms (DARTS) radar–based nowcasting method into WSDDM can provide more accurate and efficient nowcasts of LWE relative to the correlation-based nowcasting method currently used. Results of an evaluation considering approximately 92 h of data collected during four winter weather events show the incorporation of DARTS into WSDDM provides an approximate 14% average improvement in the accuracy of 60-min LWE nowcasts and reduces runtime by two orders of magnitude.
The effect of a periodontal intervention on cardiovascular risk markers in Indigenous Australians with periodontal disease: the PerioCardio study
Authors: Skilton Michael R , Maple-Brown Louise J , Kapellas Kostas , Celermajer David S , Bartold Mark , Brown Alex , O'Dea Kerin , Slade Gary D , Jamieson Lisa M 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Indigenous Australians experience an overwhelming burden of chronic disease, including cardiovascular diseases. Periodontal disease (inflammation of the tissues surrounding teeth) is also widespread, and may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular diseases via pathogenic inflammatory pathways. This study will assess measures of vascular health and inflammation in Indigenous Australian adults with periodontal disease, and determine if intensive periodontal therapy improves these measures over a 12 month follow-up. The aims of the study are: (i) to determine whether there is a dose response relationship between extent and severity of periodontal disease and measures of vascular health and inflammation among Indigenous Australian adults with moderate to severe periodontal disease; and (ii) to determine the effects of periodontal treatment on changes in measures of vascular health and inflammation in a cohort of Indigenous Australians.

Methods/Design
This study will be a randomised, controlled trial, with predominantly blinded assessment of outcome measures and blinded statistical analysis. All participants will receive the periodontal intervention benefits (with the intervention delayed 12 months in participants who are randomised to the control arm). Participants will be Indigenous adults aged ≥25 years from urban centres within the Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia. Participants assessed to have moderate or severe periodontal disease will be randomised to the study's intervention or control arm. The intervention involves intensive removal of subgingival and supragingival calculus and plaque biofilm by scaling and root-planing. Study visits at baseline, 3 and 12 months, will incorporate questionnaires, non-fasting blood and urine samples, body measurements, blood pressure, periodontal assessment and non-invasive measures of vascular health (pulse wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness). Primary outcome measures are pulse wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness.

Discussion
The study will assess the periodontal-cardiovascular disease relationship among Indigenous Australian adults with periodontal disease, and the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at improving periodontal and cardiovascular health. Efforts to understand and improve Indigenous oral health and cardiovascular risk may serve as an important means of reducing the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous health in Australia.

Trial Registration
Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12610000817044
Exponential energy decay and blow-up of solutions for a system of nonlinear viscoelastic wave equations with strong damping
Authors: Liang Fei , Gao Hongjun 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the system of nonlinear viscoelastic equations

u

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d
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-
Δ

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=

f

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(

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)

,

(

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,
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∈
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×

(

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,

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t
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d
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v

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=

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,

(

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with initial and Dirichlet boundary conditions. We prove that, under suitable assumptions on the functions g

i
, f

i
(i = 1, 2) and certain initial data in the stable set, the decay rate of the solution energy is exponential. Conversely, for certain initial data in the unstable set, there are solutions with positive initial energy that blow up in finite time.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 35L05; 35L55; 35L70.
Gene Expression Profiles are Altered in Human Papillomavirus-16 E6 D25E-Expressing Cell Lines
Authors: Jang Mi , Rhee JeeEun , Jang Dai-Ho , Kim Sung Soon 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Previously, we have reported that the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E6 D25E is the most prevalent variant in Korean women at high risk for cervical cancers. Several studies have identified an association between the increased frequency of this variant and the elevated risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical carcinoma. To investigate whether the HPV-16 E6 D25E variant might influence cervical cancer progression, we used an oligonucleotide microarray approach to identify transcriptionally altered gene expression patterns in recombinant wild-type E6 or E6 D25E variant-expressing HPV-negative cancer cells. We found that 211 genes were significantly up- or down-regulated (at least 1.5-fold, p < 0.05). We identified 14 genes, nine down-regulated and five up-regulated upon E6 D25E expression, compared with wild-type E6 expression. These results further emphasize the unique biological activity of the HPV-16 E6 D25E variant.
Non-therapeutic administration of a model antimicrobial growth promoter modulates intestinal immune responses
Authors: Costa Estela , Uwiera Richard RE , Kastelic John P , Selinger L Brent , Inglis G Douglas 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
The development of efficacious alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) in livestock production is an urgent issue, but is hampered by a lack of knowledge regarding the mode of action of AGP. The belief that AGP modulate the intestinal microbiota has become prominent in the literature; however, there is a lack of experimental evidence to support this hypothesis. Using a chlortetracycline-murine-Citrobacter rodentium model, the ability of AGP to modulate the intestinal immune system in mammals was investigated.

Results

C. rodentium was transformed with the tetracycline resistance gene, tet O, and continuous oral administration of a non-therapeutic dose of chlortetracycline to mice did not affect densities of C. rodentium CFU in feces throughout the experiment or associated with mucosal surfaces in the colon (i.e. at peak and late infection). However, chlortetracycline regulated transcription levels of Th1 and Th17 inflammatory cytokines in a temporal manner in C. rodentium-inoculated mice, and ameliorated weight loss associated with infection. In mice inoculated with C. rodentium, those that received chlortetracycline had less pathologic changes in the distal colon than mice not administered CTC (i.e. relative to untreated mice). Furthermore, chlortetracycline administration at a non-therapeutic dose did not impart either prominent or consistent effects on the colonic microbiota.

Conclusion
Data support the hypothesis that AGP function by modulating the intestinal immune system in mammals. This finding may facilitate the development of biorationale-based and efficacious alternatives to AGP.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Rapid Versus 24-Hour Rehydration for Children With Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Powell Colin V. E. , Priestley Stephen J. , Young Simon , Heine Ralf G. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of 2 nasogastric rehydration regimens for children with acute viral gastroenteritis.METHODS:Children 6 to 72 months of age with acute viral gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration were recruited from emergency departments (EDs) at 2 metropolitan, pediatric, teaching hospitals. After clinical assessment of the degree of dehydration, patients were assigned randomly to receive either standard nasogastric rehydration (SNR) over 24 hours in the hospital ward or rapid nasogastric rehydration (RNR) over 4 hours in the ED. Primary (&gt;2% weight loss, compared with the admission weight) and secondary treatment failures were assessed.RESULTS:Of 9331 children with acute gastroenteritis who were screened, 254 children were assigned randomly to receive either RNR (n = 132 [52.0%]) or SNR (n = 122 [48.0%]). Baseline characteristics for the 2 groups were similar. All patients made a full recovery without severe adverse events. The primary failure rates were similar for RNR (11.8% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.0%–17.6%]) and SNR (9.2% [95% CI: 3.7%–14.7%]; P = .52). Secondary treatment failure was more common in the SNR group (44% [95% CI: 34.6%–53.4%]) than in the RNR group (30.3% [95% CI: 22.5%–38.8%]; P = .03). Discharge from the ED after RNR failed for 27 patients (22.7%), and another 9 (7.6%) were readmitted to the hospital within 24 hours.CONCLUSIONS:Primary treatment failure and clinical outcomes were similar for RNR and SNR. Although RNR generally reduced the need for hospitalization, discharge home from the ED failed for approximately one-fourth of the patients.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Neonatal Respiratory Depression and Encephalopathy in Rural Sarlahi, Nepal
Authors: Lee Anne CC , Mullany Luke C. , Tielsch James M. , Katz Joanne , Khatry Subarna K. , LeClerq Steven C. , Adhikari Ramesh K. , Darmstadt Gary L. 
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVES:To characterize the incidence of, risk factors for, and neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory depression at birth and neonatal encephalopathy (NE) among term infants in a developing country.METHODS:Data were collected prospectively in 2002–2006 during a community-based trial that enrolled 23 662 newborns in rural Nepal and evaluated the impact of umbilical-cord and skin cleansing on neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. Respiratory depression at birth and NE were defined on the basis of symptoms from maternal reports and study-worker observations during home visits.RESULTS:Respiratory depression at birth was reported for 19.7% of live births, and 79% of cases involved term infants without congenital anomalies. Among newborns with probable intrapartum-related respiratory depression (N = 3465), 112 (3%) died before their first home visit (presumed severe NE), and 178 (5%) eventually developed symptoms of NE. Overall, 629 term infants developed NE (28.1 cases per 1000 live births); 2% of cases were associated with congenital anomalies, 25% with infections, and 28% with a potential intrapartum event. The incidence of intrapartum-related NE was 13.0 cases per 1000 live births; the neonatal case fatality rate was 46%. Infants with NE more frequently experienced birth complications and were male, of multiple gestation, or born to nulliparous mothers.CONCLUSIONS:In Sarlahi, the incidence of neonatal respiratory depression and NE, associated neonatal case fatality, and morbidity prevalence are high. Action is required to increase coverage of skilled obstetric/neonatal care in this setting and to evaluate long-term impairments.
Parent-Provider-Community Partnerships: Optimizing Outcomes for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Murphy Nancy A. , Carbone Paul S. ,   the Council on Children With Disabilities
Published: September 2011

This Clinical Report was retired May 2021.
Children with disabilities and their families have multifaceted medical, developmental, educational, and habilitative needs that are best addressed through strong partnerships among parents, providers, and communities. However, traditional health care systems are designed to address acute rather than chronic conditions. Children with disabilities require high-quality medical homes that provide care coordination and transitional care, and their families require social and financial supports. Integrated community systems of care that promote participation of all children are needed. The purpose of this clinical report is to explore the challenges of developing effective community-based systems of care and to offer suggestions to pediatricians and policy-makers regarding the development of partnerships among children with disabilities, their families, and health care and other providers to maximize health and well-being of these children and their families.
Micromechanical Characterization of Multilayered Steel Composites
Authors: Hirashita K. , Matsuda M. , Otsu M. , Takashima K. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe mechanical properties and deformation behavior of each constituent layer of multilayered steel composites were examined using microtensile testing. Three-layered integrated steels consisting of SUS420 and SPCC (cold-reduced carbon steel sheets) were fabricated by a cold-rolling process. Different heat treatment processes were used to prepare three types of specimens (as-rolled, 823K-2 min heat-treated, and 823K-500 min heat-treated), and the effect of heat treatment on their mechanical properties was investigated. In the as-rolled specimens, the average tensile strengths in the SUS420 and SPCC layers were 1063 and 606 MPa, respectively, while in the specimens heat-treated for 500 min, they were 680 and 451 MPa, respectively. The tensile strength decreased with the increase in the heat treatment time. The tensile strength of the specimens was also calculated by using the rule of mixture. For the as-rolled specimens and the 823K-2 min heat-treated specimens, the calculated value was consistent with the measured value; however, for the 823K-500 min heat-treated specimens, the calculated value was lower than the measured value. This result suggests that the necking of this layered structure was effectively obstructed by the outer ductile layer. The micromechanical characterization technique used in this study is useful not only for investigating deformation behavior but also for designing multilayered steel composites with superior mechanical properties.
Microstructural Modeling of Failure Modes in Martensitic Steel Alloys
Authors: SHANTHRAJ P. , HATEM T. M. , ZIKRY M.A. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA unified physically-based representation of the microstructure in martensitic steels is developed to investigate its effects on the initiation and evolution of failure modes at different physical scales that occur due to a myriad of factors, such as texture, grain size and shape, grain heterogeneous microstructures, and grain boundary (GB) misorientations and distributions. The microstructural formulation is based on a dislocation-density based multiple-slip crystal plasticity model that accounts for variant distributions, orientations, and morphologies. This formulation is coupled to specialized finite-element methods to predict the scale-dependent heterogeneous microstructure, and failure phenomena such as shearstrain localization, and void coalescence.
Ab-initio modeling of Fe-Mn based alloys and nanoclusters
Authors: Entel Peter , Comtesse Denis , Herper Heike C. , Gruner Markus E. , Siewert Mario , Sahoo Sanjubala , Hucht Alfred 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTNew methods in steel design and basic understanding of the novel materials require large scale ab initio calculations of ground state and finite temperature properties of transition metal alloys. In this contribution we present ab initio modeling of the structural and magnetic properties of XYZ compounds and alloys where X, Y = Mn, Fe, Co Ni and Z = C, Si with emphasis on the Fe-Mn steels. The optimization of structural and magnetic properties is performed by using different simulation tools. In particular, the finite-temperature magnetic properties are simulated using a Heisenberg model with magnetic exchange interactions from first-principles calculations. Part of the calculations are extended to the nanoparticle range showing how ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic trends influence the nucleation, morphologies and growth of Fe-Mn-based nanoparticles.
Simultaneous analysis of three catecholamines by a kinetic procedure: comparison of prediction performance of several different multivariate calibrations
Authors: Ni Yongnian , Gu Yao , Kokot Serge 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA rapid kinetic method for the simultaneous determination of levodopa, dopamine, and dobutamine was examined and developed. It was based on a consecutive reaction of a reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) by catecholamines, followed by the complexation of Cu(I) with neocuproine to form a yellow product in an acetic acid-acetate buffer. Spectrophotometric data were recorded at 453 nm (wavelength at the yellow complex absorption maximum) for 300 s. Linear calibrations were obtained in the concentration ranges of (0.08–1.44) × 10−5 mol L−1, (0.08–1.44) × 10−5 mol L−1, and (0.16–1.44) × 10−5 mol L−1 for levodopa, dopamine, and dobutamine, respectively. A variety of multivariate calibration models was developed for simultaneous analysis of the three analytes; while most models produced satisfactory prediction results for synthetic samples, the hybrid linear analysis method was arguably the best-performing (relative prediction error, RPET = 6.6 %). The proposed method was applied to an analysis of spiked rabbit serum samples and the results showed good agreement with the high performance liquid chromatography measurements.
Gaussian mixture models for semantic ranking in domain specific databases with application in radiology
Authors: Barb Adrian 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
With recent advances in imaging techniques, huge quantities of domain-specific images, such as medical or geospatial images, are produced and stored daily in computer-based image repositories. Size of databases and limited time at hand makes manual evaluation and annotation by domain experts difficult. In such cases computer based methods can be used to enrich the process of decision making while eliciting previously unknown information. For example, in the medical domain, query by image methods can be used by medical experts for differential diagnosis by displaying previously evaluated cases that contain similar visual patterns. Also, less experienced practitioners can benefit from query-by-semantic methods in training processes, especially for difficult-to-interpret cases with multiple pathologies. In this article we develop a methodology for ranking medical images using customized mixture models. The regions of interest are determined using Dirichlet process to determine natural groupings of images in a content-based feature space. These natural groupings of images are then evaluated for relevance to mixtures of associative semantic mappings. We evaluate and compare the performance of our method on two medical datasets using mean average precision and precision-recall charts.
Theoretical Foundations for Social Trends in Contemporary tafsīr
Authors: ʿAlī Ayyāzī Muḥammad , Qāḍī Zādeh Kāẓim , Ḥusaynī Mīr-Ṣafī Fāṭima 
Published: September 2011

Interest in social aspects of exegesis is one of the most important and influential trends in contemporary tafsīr. Its importance might be gleaned from the unexpected impact that it has had on the approach of modern exegetes to the Qur'an, and can be seen in the amount of attention given to social, rather than ‘individual’ and eschatological trends in their works. These exegetes aim to find solutions for both the material and ideal problems of society via their tafsīr, seeking to elucidate the Qur'anic text and provide answers to the questions and enquiries raised by readers. Although there has been some attention paid by modern exegetes to this trend in tafsīr, its basic theoretical principles have not been outlined in a comprehensive manner. This article therefore attempts to study the theoretical and practical basis of this trend, alongside providing a review of contemporary social tafasīr.
Fast array algorithm for filtering of Markovian jump linear systems
Authors: Terra Marco H. , Ishihara João Y. , Jesus Gildson 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYThis paper deals with numerical performance of linear minimum mean square error estimator for discrete‐time Markovian jump linear systems. We propose a fast array algorithm to compute this estimator in virtue of the reduction of the computational effort that it provides, if compared with the standard array algorithms. It is particularly useful for this case because the dimension of the linear minimum mean square error estimator increases proportionally to the number of Markovian states. Numerical examples are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.