bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVIEW ARTICLE: Governing the Invasive Trophoblast: Current Aspects on Intra‐ and Extracellular Regulation
Authors: Fitzgerald Justine S. , Germeyer Ariane , Huppertz Berthold , Jeschke Udo , Knöfler Martin , Moser Gerit , Scholz Christoph , Sonderegger Stefan , Toth Bettina , Markert Udo R. 
Published: March 2010

Citation Fitzgerald JS, Germeyer A, Huppertz B, Jeschke U, Knöfler M, Moser G, Scholz C, Sonderegger S, Toth B, Markert UR. Governing the invasive trophoblast: current aspects on intra‐ and extracellular regulation. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010This review summarizes several aspects especially of regulating factors governing trophoblast invasion. Those include the composition of the extracellular matrix containing a variety of matrix metalloproeinases and their inhibitors, but also intracellular signals. Furthermore, a newly described trophoblast subtype, the endoglandular trophoblast, is presented. Its presence may provide a possible mechanism for opening and connecting uterine glands into the intervillous space. Amongst others, two intracellular signalling pathways are crucial for regulation of trophoblast functions and development: Wnt‐ and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signalling. Wnt signalling promotes implantation, placentation and trophoblast differentiation. Several Wnt‐dependent cascades and regulatory mechanisms display different functions in trophoblast cells. The STAT3 signalling system is fundamental for induction and regulation of invasiveness in physiological trophoblastic cells, but also in tumours. The role of galectins (Gal) in trophoblast regulation and placenta development comes increasingly into focus. The Gal‐ 1–4, 7–10 and 12–14 have been detected in humans. Detailed information is only available for Gal‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐9 and ‐12 in endometrium and decidua. Gal‐1, ‐3 and ‐13 (‐14) have been detected and studied in trophoblast cells.
Elevated NK Cell Cytotoxicity, CD158a Expression in NK Cells and Activated T Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood of Women with IVF Failures
Authors: Chernyshov Viktor P. , Sudoma Iryna O. , Dons’koi Boris V. , Kostyuchyk Anton A. , Masliy Yulia V. 
Published: March 2010

Citation Chernyshov VP, Sudoma IO, Dons’koi BV, Kostyuchyk AA, Masliy YV. Elevated NK cell cytotoxicity, CD158a expression in NK cells and activated T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of women with IVF failures. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 58–67Problem  The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of elevated natural killer cytotoxicity (NKc) in women with multiple implantation failures (IF) in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF–ET) cycles.Methods of study  Seventy‐nine antiphospholipid antibodies‐negative women with IF including 33 women with elevated NKc were selected for investigation. K‐562 cell line was used to evaluate NKc. Lymphocyte subsets, intracellular cytokines [interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐4, tumour necrosis factor, IL‐10], expression of activating markers [CD69, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR], CD8, KIR (CD158a), CD95, and chemokine receptors (CXCR3, CCR4) were estimated by flow cytometry.Results  In women with IF, levels of NKc were higher than in IVF successful women. IF was associated with higher expression of CD8, CD158a, and HLA‐DR in NK cells, activating markers in T lymphocytes, and lower levels of CCR4+ and IL‐4+ T lymphocyte subsets. Predictive value of single elevated NKc for IVF success was 0.85, but addition of two other abnormal parameters resulted in its decrease to <0.39.Conclusions  Elevated NKc is negative factor, though not critical for implantation in IVF cycles. Immune mechanism of IVF failure includes not only elevated NKc but also some other factors, such as elevated expression of CD8 and CD158a on NK cells, T lymphocyte activation, and diminished T helper 2 parameters.
First Successful Pregnancy after Addition of Enoxaparin to Sildenafil and Etanercept Immunotherapy in Woman with Fifteen Failed IVF Cycles – Case Report
Authors: Jerzak Małgorzata , Niemiec Tomasz , Nowakowska Anna , Klochowicz Monika , Górski Andrzej , Baranowski Włodzimierz 
Published: March 2010

Citation Jerzak M, Niemiec T, Nowakowska A, Klochowicz M, Górski A, Baranowski W. First successful pregnancy after addition of enoxaparin to sildenafil and etanercept immunotherapy in woman with fifteen failed in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles – case report. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 93–96Problem  Does addition of enoxaparin to sildenafil and etanercept immunotherapy improve IVF outcome?Methods  Report of a striking case with 15 IVF failures.Result  When enoxaparin was added, the 16th IVF cycle generated a healthy male baby.Conclusions  Combination therapy that includes a heparin may allow successful IVF outcome and this issue merits further study.
Evaluation of thyroglobulin expression in murine reproductive organs during pregnancy
Authors: Moravej Ali , Jeddi‐Tehrani Mahmood , Salek‐Moghaddam Ali R. , Dokouhaki Pouneh , Ghods Roya , Rabbani Hodjatallah , Kazemi‐Sefat Golnaz E. , Shahbazi Mehdi , Zarnani Amir H. 
Published: March 2010

Citation Moravej A, Jeddi‐Tehrani M, Salek‐Moghaddam AR, Dokouhaki P, Ghods R, Rabbani H, Kazemi‐Sefat GE, Shahbazi M, Zarnani AH. Evaluation of thyroglobulin expression in murine reproductive organs during pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 64: 97–103Problem  In pregnant women with antithyroglobulin antibody, prevalence of abortion is 2–4 fold higher compared to normal controls. Direct effect of such harmful autoantibodies on female reproductive organs may serve a role in pregnancy loss.Method of study  Expression of thyroglobulin in decidua, placenta, and ovary of pregnant Balb/c mice ((Balb/c×Balb/c and Balb/c×C57BL/6) during early, middle, and late stages of pregnancy was evaluated. Expression of thyroglobulin was investigated in these tissues by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. In addition, polyclonal antithyroglobulin antibody was produced, and expression of thyroglobulin protein in aforesaid tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and dot‐blot analysis.Results  The results showed that thyroglobulin message is not expressed in placenta, decidua, or ovary in any stages of pregnancy. The same results were obtained at the protein level.Conclusion  It is likely that antithyroglobulin antibodies have no direct detrimental effect on such organs in patients with thyroid autoimmunity suffering from recurrent abortion.
Problem Department
Authors: Willerding Margaret F. 
Published: March 2010

This department aims to provide problems of varying degrees of difficulty which will interest anyone engaged in the study of mathematics.All readers are invited to propose problems and to solve problems here proposed. Drawings to illustrate the problems should be well done in India ink. Problems and solutions will be credited to their authors. Each solution or proposed problem sent the Editor should have the author's name introducing the problem or solution as on the following pages.The Editor of the Department desires to serve her readers by making it interesting and helpful to them. Address suggestions and problems to Margaret F. Willerding, San Diego State College, San Diego, Calif.
Problem Department
Authors: Willerding Margaret F. 
Published: March 2010

This department aims to provide problems of varying degrees of difficulty which will interest anyone engaged in the study of mathematics.All readers are invited to propose problems and to solve problems here proposed. Drawings to illustrate the problems should be well done in India ink. Problems and solutions will be credited to their authors. Each solution or proposed problem sent the Editor should have the author's name introducing the problem or solution as on the following pages.The editor of the Department desires to serve her readers by making it interesting and helpful to them. Address suggestions and problems to Margaret F. Willerding, San Diego State College, San Diego, Calif., 92115.
Problem Department
Authors: Willerding Margaret F. 
Published: March 2010

This department aims to provide problems of varying degrees of difficulty which will interest anyone engaged in the study of mathematics.All readers are invited to propose problems and to solve problems here proposed. Drawings to illustrate the problems should be well done in India ink. Problems and solutions will be credited to their authors. Each solution or proposed problem sent the Editor should have the author's name introducing the problem or solution as on the following pages.The Editor of the Department desires to serve her readers by making it interesting and helpful to them. Address suggestions and problems to Margaret F. Willerding, Mathematics Dept., San Diego State University; San Diego Calif., 92115.
Prevalence and serum protein values of strangles (Streptococcus equi) affected mules at Remount Depot, Sargodha (Pakistan)
Authors: Ijaz M. , Khan M. S. , Khan M. A. , Avais M. , Maqbool A. , Ali M. M. , Shahzad W. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe prevalence ofStreptococcus equi serovar equi(S.equi) in nasal discharge and pus samples from sub‐mandibular lymph nodes in mules at the Remount Depot, Sargodha was examined and total serum proteins, serum albumin, serum globulin and fibrinogen measured. A total of 250 nasal swabs and pus samples were collected from mules and examined microbiologically: 99 (39.6%) were positive forS. equi. A higher occurrence ofS. equiwas recorded in foals as compared to adults. The concentrations of total serum protein, serum globulin and fibrinogen were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the concentration of serum albumin significantly decreased (P<0.05) in strangles‐affected mules. It was concluded that increased total serum proteins, serum globulin and fibrinogen along with decreased serum albumin were important indicators of infection byS. equiin mules.
Relationships between race earnings and horse age, sex, gait, track surface and number of race starts for Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses in North America
Authors: CHEETHAM J. , RIORDAN A. S. , MOHAMMED H. O. , McILWRAITH C. W. , FORTIER L. A. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:There is no consensus on objective outcome measures that can be used to determine if a medical or surgical treatment affects race performance.Objective:To determine the association between 2 commonly used outcome measures (total starts and total earnings) and age, sex, gait and race surface.Methods:A cross‐sectional study was performed using the race performance data for all Thoroughbred horses age 2, 3, 4 and 5 years racing in the United States, and Standardbred horses of the same ages racing in the United States and Canada during the year 2006. Median earnings and starts were determined for each combination of age, sex and track surface (for Thoroughbred) or gait (for Standardbred). The effect these variables had on starts on race earnings ($) was determined using linear regression.Results:Race records for 68,649 Thoroughbreds and 25,830 Standardbreds were obtained. All independent variables (age, breed, sex, gait, track surface and total number of starts) had a significant impact on total earnings (P<0.0001).Conclusions:The data show considerable variation across age groups and track surfaces for Thoroughbreds and across age groups for Standardbreds. They also show that the decision to use earnings or starts as outcome measures could have a marked effect on reported success for a particular treatment.Potential relevance:Both earning and start data should be reported in studies evaluating outcome following surgery or other intervention. Considerations of age, breed, sex, track surface and gait should be included in the design of these studies.
Elevating the uterus (uteropexy) of five mares by laparoscopically imbricating the mesometrium
Authors: BRINK P. , SCHUMACHER J. , SCHUMACHER J. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryReasons for performing study:There is a need for study of a method for restoring a ventrally positioned uterus to a horizontal position involving fertility of mares with delayed uterine clearance.Hypothesis:A ventrally‐angled uterus can be elevated to a horizontal position using a laparoscopic technique.Objective:To develop a laparoscopic technique of imbricating the mesometria to elevate the uterus to a horizontal position.Methods:The right and left mesometria of 5 pluriparous mares, all barren for 1–8 years (mean 3.8 years), with a pendulous, ventrally‐angled uterus were shortened laparoscopically, by imbrication, with the mares standing, to raise the uterine body and horns to a horizontal position. Sutures were placed through the dorsal aspect of the uterine body and uterine horn and the adjacent region of the mesometrium using a simple continuous suture pattern.Results:The uterus of all 5 mares was elevated successfully to a horizontal position. Three of the mares became pregnant the same year, without other treatment, after the procedure.Conclusions:A pendulous, ventrally‐angled uterus can be returned to a normal, horizontal position by imbricating the mesometria, using a laparoscopic technique.Potential relevance:Elevating a ventrally‐angled uterus to a horizontal position may improve egress of uterine debris, thereby improving fertility.
The SigF Regulon in
Mycobacterium smegmatis
Reveals Roles in Adaptation to Stationary Phase, Heat, and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Hümpel Anja , Gebhard Susanne , Cook Gregory M. , Berney Michael 
Published: March 2010

ABSTRACT

SigF is an alternative sigma factor that is highly conserved among species of the genus
Mycobacterium
. In this study we identified the SigF regulon in
Mycobacterium smegmatis
using whole-genome microarray and promoter consensus analyses. In total, 64 genes in exponential phase and 124 genes in stationary phase are SigF dependent (
P
< 0.01, >2-fold expression change). Our experimental data reveal the SigF-dependent promoter consensus GTTT-N
(15-17)
-GGGTA for
M. smegmatis
, and we propose 130 potential genes under direct control of SigF, of which more than 50% exhibited reduced expression in a Δ
sigF
strain. We previously reported an increased susceptibility of the Δ
sigF
strain to heat and oxidative stress, and our expression data indicate a molecular basis for these phenotypes. We observed SigF-dependent expression of several genes purportedly involved in oxidative stress defense, namely, a heme-containing catalase, a manganese-containing catalase, a superoxide dismutase, the starvation-induced DNA-protecting protein MsDps1, and the biosynthesis genes for the carotenoid isorenieratene. Our data suggest that SigF regulates the biosynthesis of the thermoprotectant trehalose, as well as an uptake system for osmoregulatory compounds, and this may explain the increased heat susceptibility of the Δ
sigF
strain. We identified the regulatory proteins SigH3, PhoP, WhiB1, and WhiB4 as possible genes under direct control of SigF and propose four novel anti-sigma factor antagonists that could be involved in the posttranslational regulation of SigF in
M. smegmatis
. This study emphasizes the importance of this sigma factor for stationary-phase adaptation and stress response in mycobacteria.
Improving end of life care for nursing home residents: an analysis of hospital mortality and readmission rates
Authors: Ahearn D J , Jackson T B , McIlmoyle J , Weatherburn A J 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Despite concern that many nursing home residents who become acutely unwell are admitted to hospital for often futile and distressing treatment, no previous studies analysing survival and readmission rates of this cohort were found in the literature.

Objective
To study survival and readmission rates of nursing home patients admitted acutely to general medicine.

Method
Analysis of all admissions to the acute medical unit of a busy district general hospital over a 94 day period, comparing nursing home residents with all admitted patients aged over 70 years.

Results
Nursing home residents were significantly less likely to survive the admission than elderly people living in the community. 33.9% of nursing home residents did not survive the admission and 51.6% died within 6 weeks of admission. Of those discharged alive, 41.5% were readmitted or died within 6 weeks. Patients with a higher level of comorbidity were less likely to survive the admission or live to 6 weeks.

Discussion
These findings raise the need for careful ‘advance care planning’. This should become commonplace for nursing home residents to improve end of life care and reduce hospital admissions in patients unlikely to survive. The judicious use of ‘Preferred Priorities for Care’ documents, ‘do-not-hospitalise’ orders, and the establishment of a dedicated multidisciplinary team involving primary and secondary care is proposed to help achieve these aims.

Conclusion
Survival rates in nursing home residents admitted to an acute medical unit are low, and measures are suggested to reduce inappropriate admissions and facilitate improved end of life care.
In-plane seismic behaviour of historic stone masonry
Authors: Elmenshawi Abdelsamie , Sorour Mohamed , Mufti Aftab , Jaeger Leslie G , Shrive Nigel 
Published: March 2010

Since the advent of the latest National building code of Canada, the level of intervention required to meet seismic requirements for the rehabilitation of heritage buildings has increased significantly. An example of this type of project is the rehabilitation of the West Block on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Eight walls representative of the stone masonry in the West Block building were constructed, some with different rehabilitation schemes, and tested to investigate their in-plane seismic behaviour. The walls were double wythes of sandstone and limestone connected by a rubble core. The walls were 2750 mm high by 2000 mm wide by 540 mm thick. The rehabilitation schemes represented different ways of tying the stone wythes together, since the outer sandstone wythe has separated from the rubble core in some locations in the existing structure. The results reveal that the suggested strengthening schemes neither benefit nor degrade the in-plane seismic behaviour compared to that of a plain wall.
Proteomic analysis ofTrichoderma atroviridemycelia stressed by organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos
Authors: Tang Jun , Liu Lixing , Huang Xiuli , Li Yingying , Chen Yunpeng , Chen Jie 
Published: March 2010

The proteomic approach is a powerful tool to study microbial response to environmental stress. To evaluate the responses of Trichoderma spp. to the organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos, mycelia of Trichoderma atroviride T23 were exposed to dichlorvos at concentrations of 0, 100, 300, 500, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. Changes in protein expression were investigated using two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sixteen protein spots were differentially expressed. They were identified by MALDI–TOF/TOF MS and were found to be linked to energy metabolism, transport, signal transduction, and stress tolerance. Among stress-related proteins, glutathione peroxidase-like protein (GPX), 1,4-benzoquinone reductase, and HEX1 were upregulated by and cyclophilin A induced by 1000 µg/mL dichlorvos when compared with the control. These proteins were considered to be associated with fungal adaptation to adverse conditions. The results will help us to understand molecular mechanisms through which Trichoderma responds to organophosphate pesticides.
The effects of glyphosate on the in vitro linear growth of selected microfungi from a boreal forest soil
Authors: Tanney Joey B. , Hutchison Leonard J. 
Published: March 2010

Glyphosate-based herbicides are used extensively in forestry and agriculture to control broadleaf plant competition. A review of the literature offers conflicting results regarding the impact of glyphosate on fungal growth. This study investigated the effects of 7 glyphosate concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, and 1000 µg·mL–1) of Roundup (35.6% glyphosate) on the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) of soilborne microfungi from a boreal forest soil sample and on the in vitro linear growth of 20 selected species of microfungi representative of this boreal forest soil. Concentrations of glyphosate at 50 µg·mL–1and higher significantly decreased the number of CFUs observed. At glyphosate concentrations equal to 5 µg·mL–1, 13 fungal species exhibited colony diameters less than 50% than that of their respective controls. Several species showed an inhibition of pigmentation and sporulation when subjected to glyphosate concentrations of 1 µg·mL–1. Differential sensitivity was observed among species at the various concentrations, suggesting the possibility of a shift towards tolerant species of fungi when they are exposed to glyphosate.
Central NO–cGMP pathway in thermoregulation and survival rate during polymicrobial sepsis
Authors: Oliveira-Pelegrin G.R. , Branco L.G.S. , Rocha M.J.A. 
Published: March 2010

Sepsis induces production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and causes physiological alterations, including changes in body temperature (Tb). We evaluated the involvement of the central NO–cGMP pathway in thermoregulation during sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and analyzed its effect on survival rate. Male Wistar rats with a Tb probe inserted in their abdomen were intracerebroventricularly injected with 1 µL NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 250 µg), a nonselective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor; or aminoguanidine (250 µg), an inducible NOS inhibitor; or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 0.25 µg), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor. Thirty minutes after injection, sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or the rats were sham operated. The animals were divided into 2 groups for determination of Tb for 24 h and assessment of survival during 3 days. The drop in Tb seen in the CLP group was attenuated by pretreatment with the NOS inhibitors (p < 0.05) and blocked with ODQ. CLP rats pretreated with either of the inhibitors showed higher survival rates than vehicle injected groups (p < 0.05), and were even higher in the ODQ pretreated group. Our results showed that the effect of NOS inhibition on the hypothermic response to CLP is consistent with the role of nitrergic pathways in thermoregulation.