bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ability to monitor deviations of own movement without visual feedback
Authors: Brandt I.M. , Bjerregaard S.M. , Jensen D.B. , Giessing M.G. , Grünbaum T.G. , Christensen M.S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow conscious sensations of movement relates to signals essential for movement control remains under investigation. This question is typically investigated using visuomotor tasks, in which sensation of movement is disturbed by conflicting visual feedback. The present study uses metacognitive judgements to investigate conscious access to movement signals, unchallenged by visual signals, in an index finger force task. We found that some participants can correctly assign metacognitive judgements (MCJs) to their own force, suggesting that participants do indeed have metacognitive access to sensorimotor signals. We found no correlation between metacognitive access to sensorimotor signal and variance in motor performance. Further, we found that in this purely sensorimotor task, internal focus of attention reduces variability in force compared to external focus of attention. Our results indicate that not only is it possible to access sensorimotor information, it is also possible to use focus of attention to reduce variability in force performance.
Fitness incentives to male fighters undermine fighting performance in intergroup contests
Authors: Green P.A. , Sankey D.W.E. , Collins T. , Mwanguhya F. , Nichols H. J. , Cant M.A. , Thompson F.J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn humans and other animal societies, groups engage in intergroup conflicts over resources. The success of groups in these conflicts depends on individual contributions to collective fighting, yet individuals may have personal fitness incentives to defect rather than fight, which could undermine group performance. Here we test the hypothesis that personal fitness incentives affect intergroup conflict success in wild banded mongooses (Mungos mungo). In this species, intergroup fights are sometimes initiated by estrous females, who gain outgroup matings while their male group-mates contribute most of the fighting effort. We found that group fighting success was highest when a group’s females were in estrus, suggesting that, although females may initiate fights, their male group-mates seem motivated to chase away rival groups to defend their paternity. Surprisingly, we found that groups that won fights conceded more paternity to their rivals than groups that lost. In other words, behavioral “wins” did not always result in fitness “wins”. Younger males were more successful at attaining paternity between groups compared to within their own groups, suggesting that they may forego intergroup fighting to focus on intergroup mating. Overall, our results suggest that personal fitness incentives—here, in the form of paternity—vary widely among group members and can undermine rather than promote collective fighting performance. Such conflicts of interest are likely inherent in group combat and can contribute to variation in the frequency and costliness of intergroup violence.
Cntnap2loss drives striatal neuron hyperexcitability and behavioral inflexibility
Authors: Cording Katherine R. , Tu Emilie M. , Wang Hongli , Agopyan-Miu Alexander H. C. W. , Bateup Helen S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by two major diagnostic criteria - persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior (RRBs). Evidence from both human and animal model studies of ASD suggest that alteration of striatal circuits, which mediate motor learning, action selection, and habit formation, may contribute to the manifestation of RRBs.CNTNAP2is a syndromic ASD risk gene, and loss of function ofCntnap2in mice is associated with RRBs. How loss ofCntnap2impacts striatal neuron function is largely unknown. In this study, we utilizedCntnap2-/-mice to test whether altered striatal neuron activity contributes to aberrant motor behaviors relevant to ASD. We find thatCntnap2-/-mice exhibit increased cortical drive of striatal projection neurons (SPNs), with the most pronounced effects in direct pathway SPNs. This enhanced drive is likely due to increased intrinsic excitability of SPNs, which make them more responsive to cortical inputs. We also find thatCntnap2-/-mice exhibit spontaneous repetitive behaviors, increased motor routine learning, and cognitive inflexibility. Increased corticostriatal drive, in particular of the direct pathway, may contribute to the acquisition of repetitive, inflexible behaviors inCntnap2mice.
Noradrenergic modulation of stress induced catecholamine release: Opposing influence of FG7142 and yohimbine
Authors: Visocky Vladimir , Turner Carleigh J. , Lowrie Matthew H , Alibro Anthony , Messanvi Fany , Chudasama Yogita 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTBackground: Life stress modulates decision making, particularly in the face of risk, in some cases prompting vulnerable populations to make suboptimal, life-altering choices. In the brain, stress is known to alter the extracellular release of catecholamines in structures such as basolateral amygdala (BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc), but the relationship between catecholamines and decision-making behavior under stress has not been systemically explored.Methods:We developed an operant touchscreen decision-making task for rats comprising elements of loss aversion and risk seeking behavior. Rats were first injected systemically with an adrenergic α2A-receptor agonist (guanfacine) and antagonist (yohimbine), as well as a partial inverse GABAA agonist, FG 7142, known to induce anxiety and stress related physiological responses in a variety of species, including humans. We then used fiber photometry to monitor NE in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), and DA activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) while animals engaged in decision-making and following systemic injections of FG 7142 and yohimbine.Results:Neither yohimbine nor guanfacine had any impact on decision making strategy but altered motivational state with yohimbine making the animal almost insensitive to the reward outcome. The pharmacological induction of stress with FG 7142 biased the rats’ decisions towards safety, but this bias shifted toward risk when co-treated with yohimbine. In the BLA and NAc, the FG 7142 altered catecholamine release, with systemic yohimbine producing opposing effects on NE and DA release.Conclusions: Stress induced changes in catecholamine release in the BLA and NAc can directly influence loss sensitivity, decisions and motivation, which can be modulated by the α2A adrenoreceptor antagonist, yohimbine.
Structure of the Flotillin Complex in a Native Membrane Environment
Authors: Fu Ziao , MacKinnon Roderick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this study we used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structures of the Flotillin protein complex, part of the Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, and HflK/C (SPFH) superfamily, from cell-derived vesicles without detergents. It forms a right-handed helical barrel consisting of 22 pairs of Flotillin1 and Flotillin2 subunits, with a diameter of 32 nm its wider end and 19 nm at its narrower end. Oligomerization is stabilized by the C-terminus, which forms two helical layers linked by a β-strand, and coiled-coil domains that enable strong charge-charge inter-subunit interactions. Flotillin interacts with membranes at both ends; through its SPFH1 domains at the wide end and the C-terminus at the narrow end, facilitated by hydrophobic interactions and lipidation. The inward tilting of the SPFH domain, likely triggered by phosphorylation, suggests its role in membrane curvature induction, which could be connected to its proposed role in clathrin-independent endocytosis. The structure suggests a shared architecture across the family of SPFH proteins and will promote further research into Flotillin’s roles in cell biology.Significance statementIt is well known that many biochemical processes in cells must occur in localized regions. There are many different ideas about how cells keep processes localized. In this study we demonstrate that Flotillin1 and Flotillin2 co-assemble to form a large, truncated cone shaped cage whose wide end is always attached to a membrane surface and whose narrow end is sometimes attached to a separate membrane. The entire wall of the cage is without holes and is likely impervious even to small molecules, forming a diffusion barrier that can connect membrane systems. The Flotillin cage is thus well suited to isolate biochemical processes. Through membrane attachment, it also alters local membrane curvature, which could influence endocytic and mechanosensory processes.
Conceptual design of a high reactive-power ferroelectric fast reactive tuner
Authors: Ben-Zvi Ilan , Burt Graeme , Castilla Alejandro , Macpherson Alick , Shipman Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

We present a novel design of a ferroelectric fast reactive tuner (FE-FRT) capable of modulating mega-VAR reactive power on a submicrosecond timescale. The high reactive power capability of our design extends the range of applications of reactive tuners to numerous applications. We present a detailed analytical model of the performance of a megawatt-class reactive power device and benchmark it against finite-element method eigenmode and frequency domain electromagnetic simulations. We introduce new features, including an annulus design for the ferroelectric capacitors and capacitive window coupling to the cavity. We consider thermal design issues and nonlinear effects in the ferroelectric. The model covers several configurations, allowing control of the frequency of superconducting and normal-conducting cavities in a variety of applications and frequencies. We calculate that the FE-FRT designed should be capable of handling around 0.45 MVAR of reactive power with around 3 kW of resistive losses, providing a frequency tuning range of 8 kHz in an example of 400 MHz cavity geometry.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Beta functions of 2D adjoint QCD
Authors: Cherman Aleksey , Neuzil Maria 
Published: May 2024

We discuss the long-distance physics of 2D adjoint QCD when it is viewed as an effective field theory and determine the β functions for its two classically marginal four-Fermi operators. These four-fermion terms preserve the invertible symmetries of the kinetic terms, and they have important implications at long distances if they are generated at short distances. Our results are likely to be important for future numerical lattice Monte Carlo studies of 2D adjoint QCD.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Class
S
theories on
S2
Authors: Nawata Satoshi , Pan Yiwen , Zheng Jiahao 
Published: May 2024

We study two-dimensional N=(0,2) and N=(0,4) theories derived from compactifying class S theories on S2 with a topological twist. We present concise expressions for the elliptic genera of both classes of theories, revealing the topological quantum field theory structure on Riemann surfaces Cg,n. Furthermore, our study highlights the relationship between the left-moving sector of the (0,2) theory and the chiral algebra of the four-dimensional N=2 theory. Notably, we propose that the (0,2) elliptic genus of a theory of this class can be expressed as a linear combination of characters of the corresponding chiral algebra.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exploring seafood choices at the point of purchase among a sample of Swedish consumers
Authors: Costa Elena , Bergman Penny , Niimi Jun , Collier Elizabeth S. 
Published: May 2024

PurposeSeafood consumption in Sweden is below the national recommendations and limited to very few species. This study aims to explore the factors shaping seafood choices at the point of purchase among a sample of current consumers in Sweden, and examines their attitudes regarding seafood consumption more broadly.Design/methodology/approachConvenience sampling was used to recruit consumers planning to purchase seafood at a supermarket in Sweden. Participants’ shopping trip was recorded using wearable eye tracking glasses and, upon completion, semi-structured interviews were conducted using a cued retrospective think aloud method. This exploratory study integrates qualitative data (N = 39) with eye tracking data (N = 34), to explore how seafood choices unfold when consumers purchase at the point of purchase.FindingsPurchases were mostly restricted to familiar seafood species. Four interlinked main themes were identified from thematic analysis of the interview data: Ambivalence, Nice and Necessary, Proficiency with Seafood and External Influences. Sustainability information (e.g. certifications) faced strong competition from other visual elements at the point of purchase, receiving less attention than product imagery and pricing information.Originality/valueThis study is the first to explore the factors shaping seafood choices of current consumers at the point of purchase. The unique approach, combining explicit and implicit measures, enriches understanding of the factors influencing seafood choices and how these may interrelate. The results are valuable for the industry and contribute to the literature by identifying possible routes to improve seafood sustainability communication.
The influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability: a new application of the systems theory framework of career development
Authors: Greer Tomika W. , Mills Monique T. , Lapka Stefanie 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability. In doing so, we recognize multiple factors that can contribute to this relationship. Using the systems theory framework (STF) of career development, we categorize these factors based on whether they primarily reside within the societal system, the organizational system, or the individual system. Subsequently, we construct and present an open systems model that depicts the influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability in context with other societal, organizational and individual factors.Design/methodology/approachThe STF provides a theoretical perspective on how to contextualize linguistic profiling and perceived employability within the scope of career development. We employed an integrative literature review method to locate existing research studies that investigated the influences of linguistic profiling and perceived employability. The literature search process, coupled with inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulted in 46 publications retained for analysis.FindingsFindings provided evidence of language ideologies that contribute to linguistic profiling globally. Linguistic profiling usually results in reduced perceived employability. There was variation in the research findings based on the context of the research studies. The context consisted of the societal, organizational and individual systems in which the research study was conducted. Findings supported our construction of an open systems model of the influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability, which is rooted in the STF.Originality/valueThis study highlights the negative influence of linguistic profiling on perceived employability. It also demonstrates how the STF can be used to contextualize the linguistic profiling problem within societal and organizational systems.
Optimization of an inductor for electromagnetic levitation melting
Authors: Nycz Błażej , Przyłucki Roman , Maliński Łukasz , Golak Slawomir 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The study aims to maximize the efficiency of the process under a given current condition by changing the geometry of the coil. This optimization is economically justified by reducing the cost of the process.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents the author’s optimization process for a case requiring long computational time. The presented optimization is based on a 3D simulation model of an electromagnetic levitation melting (ELM) inductor.

Findings
The result of the work is to find a suboptimal inductor geometry for ELM.

Research limitations/implications
To solve the presented problem, a procedure using an evolutionary algorithm was relied on. As for all global search algorithms, it is possible to find a local optimum instead of a global one.

Practical implications
The new inductor geometry for ELM, thanks to its higher process efficiency for its class of inductors, can lead to the reduction of the costs of the process by using this type of equipment.

Originality/value
The novelty of the article is a proprietary optimization algorithm and the use of an advanced 3D simulation model which was necessary due to the lack of symmetry of the ELM inductor.
Strategic-hybrid orientations and perceived business performance in medium/high-tech SMEs
Authors: Magalhães-Teixeira Antonio Manuel , Roldán José L. , Leal Millán Antonio Genaro 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the direct and combined impacts of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and conservative orientation (CO) on perceived business performance (PBP) of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) under strategic-hybrid orientation (SHO) theory.

Design/methodology/approach
The data collected from the SABI NEO international database has 90 companies in 13 medium-to-high and high-tech activity sectors. The authors used partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the research model.

Findings
Business strategies match a SHO that includes both orientations, i.e. EO and CO. Moreover, as expected, the authors found evidence that each orientation produces performance-related sign-opposite significant impacts. Finally, the hypothesis regarding the positive synergistic effect of both orientations (EO and CO) on PBP was also supported.

Research limitations/implications
One stems from the study’s cross-sectional nature, requiring a longitudinal approach. Another one resides in the absence of further examinations concerning multigroup analysis. Another restraint is the limitedness of data, focused on firms with med/high-tech intensity. For last, while the use of results in the initial stages of theory development can be beneficial, it is important to note that such results cannot be simply extrapolated or generalized to other industrial sectors without careful consideration of the contextual factors at play.

Social implications
This study humbly endeavours to contribute to the finality of SMEs’ more steady and prosperous existence concerning the consciousness of the need to improve labour stability and wage fairness, conditions such as requiring a continuous commitment.

Originality/value
In this study, the authors aimed to investigate the impact of SHO on SMEs’ PBP. To this end, the authors simultaneously used two different strategic orientations (SOs): EO, which is widely studied in the literature, and CO, which has been less researched. The authors also examined their synergistic effects on PBP. The authors’ approach is based on Venkatraman’s strategic orientation of business enterprises model and the comparative paradigm of SOs.
Open innovation for sustainability in the agri-food sector: why, who and how?
Authors: Krasnokutska Nataliia , Merino Amparo , Escudero Guirado Carmen , Díaz-Carmona Estela M. 
Published: May 2024

PurposeThis paper examines open innovation (OI) based on sustainability principles within the agri-food sector. The study aims to understand the interplay between different actors and develop a typology of their roles in fostering sustainability. Three key research questions guided our inquiry: “WHY” sustainability is driving the OI initiatives as presented by companies, “WHO” participates in OI interactions and “HOW” these interactions are structured among diverse agri-food actors.Design/methodology/approachThrough a theoretical prism encompassing OI modes, types, practices, sustainability dimensions and multilevel perspectives, we analyzed 78 agri-food sustainable OI initiatives, as described by the companies, to identify and explain why, who and how they engage in OI to drive sustainability shifts.FindingsThe results reveal typical patterns of transaction and cooperation between actors and confirm the collaborative nature of sustainable OI in the agri-food sector when actors must transcend traditional economic boundaries and reshape both the internal performance culture and the broader industrial or community mindset. The paper also conceptualizes the roles of actors in co-creating value in the context of sustainable food transitions.Originality/valueThis study brings the theoretical lenses of OI to conceptualize the collaborative nature of sustainability transitions in the agri-food system. The focus on sustainability transitions is dominantly placed on innovators at the niche level, while incumbents tend to be depicted as protecting the status quo. Thus, the focus on the collaborative interplay among different actors engaged in OI for sustainability contributes to offering a more nuanced view of innovation in sustainability transitions. In turn, the development of a typology of actors, motivations and configurations of OI from sustainability transition perspectives contributes to strengthening the conceptualization of sustainable value co-creation in the OI realm.
Testing the validity of feminization U-shape hypothesis for female labor force participation and economic development in Pakistan: a reexamination
Authors: Sajid Saima , Abdullah Norehan , Razak Chik Abdul 
Published: May 2024

Purpose
The participation of females in economic activity remains a challenge, and received a lot of attention for a better labor policy discourse. The empirical research focused widely on the relationship between female labor force participation (FLFP) and economic development, called the feminization U-shape hypothesis. However, the linear/nonlinear relationship has been questioned due to empirical and methodological anomalies. Hence, this study aims to extend the previous work by reexamining this relationship in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
The annual data from 1980 to 2021, the unit root tests augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips and Perron, the conventional autoregressive distributed lag bound test approach by including the quadratic-term of GDP per capita and the novel Sasabuchi–Lind–Mehlum (SLM) U test (2010) used for empirical estimation.

Findings
The findings revealed the prospects of a long-run nonlinear association between FLFP and economic development in Pakistan. However, an inverse U-shape exists between the female labor force participation rate (FLFPR) and GDP per capita, predicting that FLFP may decline in the future.

Research limitations/implications
The traditional feminization U-shape hypothesis has little empirical support in the case of Pakistan. Therefore, the Government of Pakistan should enhance the enabling environment for females through the provision of better job opportunities, technical skills, on-the-job training and social security benefits during all phases of economic development.

Originality/value
The conventional approach of testing U-shape is insufficient. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, therefore, this study incorporated a wider data set in a time series that is less evident, an advanced methodology SLM U test (2010), to validate the feminization U-shape hypothesis in Pakistan for the first time.