bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight after childbirth: a 2‐year follow‐up of obese women in a weight‐gain restriction program
Authors: CLAESSON ING‐MARIE , SYDSJÖ GUNILLA , BRYNHILDSEN JAN , BLOMBERG MARIE , JEPPSSON ANNIKA , SYDSJÖ ADAM , JOSEFSSON ANN 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Objective. To investigate the effects of a weight‐gain restriction program on weight development or weight maintenance 2 years after childbirth. Design. A case‐control intervention study. Setting. Antenatal care clinics in the southeast of Sweden. Sample. One hundred and fifty‐five obese pregnant women who participated in a weight‐gain restriction program with weekly support during pregnancy and every 6 months during the two first years after childbirth. The control group consisted of 193 obese pregnant women. Methods. Follow‐up weight measurements were done at 12 and 24 months after childbirth. Main Outcome Measures. Weight change in kilogram at 12 and 24 months postpartum. Results. A greater percentage of women in the intervention group showed a weight loss 24 months after delivery than did women in the control group at that same time (p= 0.034). Women in the intervention group who gained less than 7 kg during pregnancy had a significantly lower weight than the controls at the 24 months follow‐up (p= 0.018). The mean value of weight change in the intervention group was −2.2 kg compared to +0.4 kg in the control group from early pregnancy to the follow‐up 12 months after childbirth (p= 0.046). Conclusions. An intervention program with weekly motivational support visits during pregnancy and every 6 months after childbirth seems to have an impact on weight gain up to 24 months after childbirth for those women in the intervention group who succeeded in restricting their gestational weight gain to less than 7 kg.
Low serum interleukin‐17 is associated with preterm delivery
Authors: HEE LENE , KIRKEGAARD IDA , VOGEL IDA , THORSEN POUL , SKOGSTRAND KRISTIN , HOUGAARD DAVID M. , ULDBJERG NIELS , SANDAGER PUK 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Objective. To study maternal serum interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) during normal pregnancy and evaluate the association with preterm delivery. Design. Prospective study. Setting. Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. Population. Three cohorts: (a) low‐risk cohort of 1,069 women who had serum drawn in weeks 12 and 19, (b) subgroup of the low‐risk cohort, consisting of 40 women, who had serum drawn at 12, 19, 26, 33 and 39 weeks of gestation and (c) a symptomatic cohort of 93 women admitted with symptoms of preterm delivery at a gestational age of 24+ 0 weeks to 33+ 6 weeks. Methods. Serum IL‐17 determined by an in‐house developed multiplex sandwich immunoassay. Main outcome measures. Preterm delivery <37+0 weeks gestation. Results. Serum IL‐17 did not change during normal pregnancy. At admission to hospital, women with preterm contractions had significantly decreased serum IL‐17 as compared with normal pregnancies (median <4 [interquartile ranges, IQR, <4–10 pg/ml] vs. 174 pg/ml [IQR, 92 – 485 pg/ml]); this difference was enhanced and highly significant for women delivering preterm versus term (median <4 [IQR, <4–7.9 pg/ml] vs. median 6.0 [IQR, <4–221 pg/ml]; p‐value 0.03). Serum IL‐17 was also lower in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. A slightly, but not statistically significant decrease was found in weeks 12 and 19 in low‐risk women who subsequently delivered preterm. Conclusion. Maternal serum IL‐17 may be involved in preterm delivery.
Vaginal cleansing and postoperative infectious morbidity in vaginal hysterectomy. A register study from the Swedish National Register for Gynecological Surgery
Authors: KJØLHEDE PREBEN , HALILI SHEFQET , LÖFGREN MATS 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Objective. To evaluate whether preoperative vaginal preparation routines influence postoperative infectious morbidity in vaginal hysterectomy and to analyze risk factors for postoperative infectious morbidity. Design. Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study. Setting. Forty ‐three hospitals in Sweden, participating in the Swedish National Register for Gynecological Surgery. Population. All 6,496 women who were enrolled in the Register and underwent vaginal or laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy between 1 January 2000 and 1 February 2008. Methods. Register data were collected prospectively using doctors' forms and patient questionnaires. Information about vaginal preparation routines in the clinics were achieved retrospectively by an e‐mail survey. Multiple logistic regression analyses models were used to determine associations and risk factors. Main outcome measures. Infectious morbidity within 6–8 weeks postoperatively. Results. No significant differences were seen in postoperative infectious morbidity in long term between vaginal preparation using saline or chlorhexidine solution or no cleansing. At discharge from hospital, those who had had vaginal cleansing using saline solution had a significantly higher risk of postoperative infections. Risk factors for infectious morbidity were young age, obesity, peroperative injury of the urinary bladder, operative time and duration of hospital stay. Protective were prophylactic antibiotics and concomitant prolapse surgery. Conclusions. Saline solution should not be used for vaginal cleansing due to a higher risk of infectious morbidity in the immediate postoperative period. Infectious morbidity may be reduced further by employing preventive measures such as meticulous surgical technique, preoperative weight reduction in obese women and minimizing time in hospital.
Meta‐analysis of passive immunoprophylaxis in paediatric patients at risk of severe RSV infection
Authors: Pons JMV , Tebé C , Paladio N , Garcia‐Altes A , Danés I , Valls‐i‐Soler A 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  To review respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), passive immunoprophylaxis (PI) trials and meta‐analysis (MA).Methods:  A literature review.Results:  Two MA of PI were found. Overall 3927 patients were randomized. PI reduces RSV hospitalization in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.41, 0.82) and with acyanotic congenital heart disease (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.14, 0.62). In patients with cyanotic heart disease or premature infants without bronchopulmonary dysplasia, results are inconclusive. Passive immunoprophylaxis has a null effect in mechanical ventilation and death.Conclusion:  Passive immunoprophylaxis reduces RSV hospitalization in a subset of patients. However, it has no effect in harder endpoints of RSV disease severity.
Growth pattern and growth prediction of body height in children with mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Rozdzynska Agnieszka , Tylki‐Szymanska Anna , Jurecka Agnieszka , Cieslik Joachim 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAim:  Our goal was to evaluate the level, degree and direction of deviation in the ontogenesis of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) in comparison with the healthy population.Material and methods:  The anthropometric data of a longitudinal study on 28 patients with MPS II, aged from 0.5 to 21 years, were used to analyse the general growth patterns in terms of height, weight and head circumference. The growth trend was assessed with the straight‐line regression model. The mathematical structural growth model was used to evaluate the structure of body height growth.Results:  A statistically significant negative growth trend for all features was found. Analysis of development structure revealed an earlier onset of the adolescent growth spurt among healthy boys and a lower current velocity of growth than expected values.Conclusion:  During the first 3 years of life, all observed anthropometric features grew faster than normal. They slowed down by the end of the third year and, in subsequent years, reached lower values when compared with the reference charts. The values obtained from the BTT model showed the structure of body height growth, with particular emphasis on the pubertal spurt, was significantly different from the reference charts.
Increased Use of Oral Contraceptives in Spain: Related Factors and Time Trend, 2003–2006
Authors: Carrasco-Garrido Pilar , Hernández Barrera Valentín , Martin-Lopez Rocio , Lópezde Andrés Ana , Esteban Hernandez Jesús , Jiménez-García Rodrigo 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Aims
We aimed to determine the prevalence of consumption of oral contraceptives (OCs) among women living in Spain and to identify the factors associated with this consumption.

Methods
Descriptive cross-sectional epidemiologic study on consumption of OCs by women aged 16–50 years resident in Spain. As the dependent variable, we took the answer to the question, “In the last two weeks, have you taken the contraceptives pill?” Independent variables were sociodemographic, comorbidity, and healthcare resources. Using logistic multivariate regression models, we have analyzed the temporal evolution of OCs consumption between 2003 and 2006.

Main Outcome Measures
We used secondary individualized data drawn from the 2003 (n = 5,807) and 2006 (n = 9,103) Spanish National Health Surveys.

Results
In 2003, the 4.99% of women reported having taken the contraceptive pill; this proportion increased to 9.44% in 2006 (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis highlighted the association between OCs use gynecologist visits (odds ratio [OR] = 5.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.52–12.79 in 2003, and OR = 5.09, 95% CI = 2.87–9.02 in 2006); cervical smear test (OR = 2.98 95% CI = 1.83–4.85 in 2003 and OR = 1.79 95% CI = 1.28–2.50 in 2006); and risk variables such alcohol consumption or hypertension in the year 2006 (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.05–2.22).

Conclusions
We can conclude that there was a significant increase in OC use among women living in Spain from 2003 to 2006. The OC consumers in our study were young women who visited the gynecologist and took preventive measures such as smear testing, although they did have risk variables associated with OC, such as alcohol use and arterial hypertension.
Trans-Corporal Incision of Peyronie’s Plaques
Authors: Shaeer Osama 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Patients presenting with Peyronie’s disease (PD) curvature and erectile dysfunction (ED) can achieve straightening and rigidity through penile prosthesis implantation and manual modeling and, if necessary, a relaxing tunical incision with or without grafting. Unfortunately, this maneuver will not correct PD-induced shortening. In addition, incision and grafting after the prosthesis has already been implanted adds to operative time and risk, and may indicate mobilization of the neurovascular bundle and, possibly, a secondary skin incision.

Aim
This work describes trans-corporal incision (TCI), a minimally invasive endoscopic approach for plaque incision from within the corpora cavernosa, restoring straightness and length to the penis, before calibration of the corpora cavernosa, allowing implantation of a longer prosthesis in a straight penis, with neither mobilizing the neurovascular bundle nor a secondary incision.

Methods
Sixteen patients with PD deformity and refractory ED were operated upon. Intra-operative artificial erection demonstrated the deformity. Through a penoscrotal incision, the corpora were dilated. TCI was performed to incise Peyronie’s plaques at the point of maximum deformity. Artificial erection was re-induced and correction of curvature evaluated. Length was measured before and after TCI. Implantation proceeded as usual.

Main Outcome Measures
Penile straightness and length.

Results
Following implantation, the penis was straight in all cases. Pre-TCI length of the corpora was unequal on either side. Post-TCI, both corpora were of equal length with an average increase of 2.5 cm (11.9%) on the right side and 1.9 (9.1%) on the left.

Conclusion
TCI; corporoscopic incision of Peyronie’s plaques upon implantation of penile prosthesis is a minimally invasive approach that restores both straightness and length to patients with PD and ED, with neither mobilization of the neurovascular bundle nor plaque incision and grafting.
An avian outbreak associated with panzootic equine influenza in 1872: an early example of highly pathogenic avian influenza?
Authors: Morens David M. , Taubenberger Jeffery K. 
Published: October 2010

Please cite this paper as: Morens and Taubenberger (2010) An avian outbreak associated with panzootic equine influenza in 1872: an early example of highly pathogenic avian influenza? Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 4(6), 373–377.Background  An explosive fatal epizootic in poultry, prairie chickens, turkeys, ducks and geese, occurred over much of the populated United States between 15 November and 15 December 1872. To our knowledge the scientific literature contains no mention of the nationwide 1872 poultry outbreak.Objective  To understand avian influenza in a historical context.Results  The epizootic progressed in temporal‐geographic association with a well‐reported panzootic of equine influenza that had begun in Canada during the last few days of September 1872. The 1872 avian epizootic was universally attributed at the time to equine influenza, a disease then of unknown etiology but widely believed to be caused by the same transmissible respiratory agent that caused human influenza.Conclusions  Another microbial agent could have caused the avian outbreak; however, its strong temporal and geographic association with the equine panzootic, and its clinical and epidemiologic features, are most consistent with highly pathogenic avian influenza. The avian epizootic could thus have been an early instance of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
A review of methods of analysis in contouring studies for radiation oncology
Authors: Jameson Michael G , Holloway Lois C , Vial Philip J , Vinod Shalini K , Metcalfe Peter E 
Published: October 2010

SummaryInter‐observer variability in anatomical contouring is the biggest contributor to uncertainty in radiation treatment planning. Contouring studies are frequently performed to investigate the differences between multiple contours on common datasets. There is, however, no widely accepted method for contour comparisons. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on contouring studies in the context of radiation oncology, with particular consideration of the contouring comparison methods they employ. A literature search, not limited by date, was conducted using Medline and Google Scholar with key words: contour, variation, delineation, inter/intra observer, uncertainty and trial dummy‐run. This review includes a description of the contouring processes and contour comparison metrics used. The use of different processes and metrics according to tumour site and other factors were also investigated with limitations described. A total of 69 relevant studies were identified. The most common tumour sites were prostate (26), lung (10), head and neck cancers (8) and breast (7).The most common metric of comparison was volume used 59 times, followed by dimension and shape used 36 times, and centre of volume used 19 times. Of all 69 publications, 67 used a combination of metrics and two used only one metric for comparison. No clear relationships between tumour site or any other factors that may influence the contouring process and the metrics used to compare contours were observed from the literature. Further studies are needed to assess the advantages and disadvantages of each metric in various situations.
Susceptibility weighted imaging: A pictorial review
Authors: Ong Benjamin C , Stuckey Stephen L 
Published: October 2010

SummarySusceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a valuable technique in the evaluation of a wide variety of intracranial pathologies. SWI is a gradient echo sequence utilising both phase and magnitude data to achieve exquisite sensitivity to tissue magnetic susceptibility effects. Normal SWI appearances and common artefacts are illustrated. Examples of SWI in common intracranial pathologies such as subarachnoid, intraventricular and intraparenchymal haemorrhage, intra‐axial and extra‐axial tumours, pyogenic and non‐pyogenic infections, trauma, neurodegenerative diseases and vascular disease including aneurysms, vascular malformations are illustrated and discussed. This pictorial essay will enable radiologists to recognise the normal, artefactual and common intracranial pathological appearances of SWI.
The p53/p21Cip1/ Waf1 pathway mediates the effects of SPARC on melanoma cell cycle progression
Authors: Fenouille Nina , Robert Guillaume , Tichet Mélanie , Puissant Alexandre , Dufies Maeva , Rocchi Stéphane , Ortonne Jean‐Paul , Deckert Marcel , Ballotti Robert , Tartare‐Deckert Sophie 
Published: October 2010

SummarySecreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), or osteonectin, belongs to the family of matricellular proteins that modulate cell–matrix interactions and cellular functions. SPARC is highly expressed in melanoma, and we reported that SPARC promotes epithelial/mesenchymal‐like changes and cell migration. Here, we used siRNA and conditional shRNA to investigate the contribution of tumor‐derived SPARC to melanoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We found that depletion of SPARC induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and tumor growth inhibition with activation of p53 and induction of p21Cip1/Waf1 acting as a checkpoint, preventing efficient mitotic progression. In addition, we demonstrate that reduced mesenchymal features and the invasive potential of SPARC‐silenced cells are independent of p21Cip1/Waf1 induction and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, overexpression of SPARC reduces p53 protein levels and leads to an increase in cell number during exponential growth. Our findings indicate that in addition to its well‐known function as a mediator of melanoma cell migration and tumor–host interactions, SPARC regulates, in a cell‐autonomous manner, cell cycle progression and proliferation through the p53/p21Cip1/Waf1 pathway.
Loss of Klotho during melanoma progression leads to increased filamin cleavage, increased Wnt5A expression, and enhanced melanoma cell motility
Authors: Camilli Tura C. , Xu Mai , O’Connell Michael P. , Chien Bonnie , Frank Brittany P. , Subaran Sarah , Indig Fred E. , Morin Patrice J. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Weeraratna Ashani T. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryWe have previously shown that Wnt5A‐mediated signaling can promote melanoma metastasis. It has been shown that Wnt signaling is antagonized by the protein Klotho, which has been implicated in aging. We show here that in melanoma cells, expressions of Wnt5A and Klotho are inversely correlated. In the presence of recombinant Klotho (rKlotho), we show that Wnt5A internalization and signaling is decreased in high Wnt5A‐expressing cells. Moreover, in the presence of rKlotho, we observe an increase in Wnt5A remaining in the medium, coincident with an increase in sialidase activity, and decrease in syndecan expression. These effects can be inhibited using a sialidase inhibitor. In addition to its effects on Wnt5A internalization, we also demonstrate that Klotho decreases melanoma cell invasive potential by a second mechanism that involves the inhibition of calpain and a resultant decrease in filamin cleavage, which we demonstrate is critical for melanoma cell motility.
207pb/206pb zircon Dating of the Huangtuling Hypersthene‐Garnet‐Biotite Gneiss from the Dabie Mountains, Luotian County, Hubei Province, China: New Evidence for Early Precambrian Evolution
Authors: Ping JIAN , Weiran YANG , Zichao ZHANG 
Published: October 2010

Abstract The Huangtuling hypersthene‐garnet‐biotite gneiss at Luotian County, Hubei Province, is a typical granulite‐facies rock of the Dabie Group Complex in the Dabie orogenic belt. Investigations on the morphology and occurrence of zircons and their internal structures shown in the thin sections lead to the recognition of three types of zircons, which are in good agreement with the types identified on the basis of morphology, colour and external features from the related zircon concentrates. The observation of zircons in the rock reveals that part of type 1 zircons show signs of a double‐layered structure. The interval part existed in the protolith prior to the granulite‐facies metamorphism. Type 2, the prismatic zircons which mainly occur in garnet and hypersthene are metamorphic minerals of the granulite‐facies metamorphism. Type 3, the round multifaceted zircons in felsic minerals and biotite, are probably attributed to a later geological event related to migmatization. The 207Pb/206Pb zircon dating by direct evaporation on (thermal evaporation ion mass spectrometer) yields ages ranging from 2814 Ma to 1992 Ma. The age discrepancy among these different zircon types is conspicuous. The yellow‐brown (type 1) zircons give ages of 2814±29 Ma to 2527±6 Ma, the prismatic euhedral zircons (type 2), 2456±7 Ma to 2254±4 Ma, and the round multifaceted zircons (type 3), 1992±10 Ma. The results are geologically interpreted in consideration of the complicated behaviours of zircons during Precambrian geological evolution of the Dabie area. (1) If the protolith of the gneiss is a sedimentary rock, then type 1 zircons are clastic ones and the ages 2814±29 Ma and 2811±27 Ma may reflect the minimum age of the rocks of its source region, also the first geological event in the area. Sedimentation of the protolith occurred between 2814 Ma and 2527 Ma, probably close to 2814 Ma. If the protolith is a volcanic rock, then the formation age of the supracrustal rocks of the Dabie Group Complex is around 2814 Ma. The age 2456±7 Ma reflects the time when the granulite‐facies metamorphism took place. The later migmatization event is dated at about 1992±10 Ma, and is probably the latest early Precambrian event in the area.The present work provides geochronological evidence for the existence of the Dabie Archaean craton, which had probably experienced 3 or 4 geological events during its early Precambrian evolution.
Episodic Carbonate Deposits on the Triassic Continental Slope in Southern China
Authors: Zhidong Bao 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Episodic carbonate deposits on the Triassic continental slope in southern China are mainly composed of gravity‐flow limestones and contourite limestones. Gravity‐flow limestones were well developed in the lower and middle Yangtze area in the Early Triassic and in the Yunnan‐Guizhou‐Guangxi area in the Early and Middle Triassic. Five fundamental types of gravity‐flow limestones are recognized: slide limestone, debris‐flow limestone, grain‐flow limestone, turbidite limestone and rockfall limestone. They form six types of assemblage beds: slide‐debris‐flow limestones, slide‐debris‐flow‐turbidite limestone, slide‐debris‐flow‐grain‐flow‐turbidite limestone, rockfall‐debris‐flow limestone, debris‐flow‐turbidite limestone, and debris‐flow‐grain‐flow‐turbidite limestone. The first two were formed mainly in the Early Triassic slopes. The Middle Triassic slopes were characterized by widespread rockfall limestone. Growth faults, storms, earthquakes and oversteepened slopes are considered to be the probable triggers of the gravity flows.Contourite limestones appear as isolated lenses or thin and ripple‐laminated beds of grainstones occurring in hemipelagic argillaceous limestones and lime mudstones. They were formed at the base of the slope. Palaeocurrent data indicate that the contour currents are perpendicular to the slope. The contourite limestones are not as common as the gravity‐flow ones, but they are important in the reconstruction of the palaeogeographical and palaeotectonic settings in southern China.