bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractive and topographic outcome after intracorneal ring segment for the management of keratoconus
Authors: GAVRILOV JC , GAUJOUX T , TOUZEAU O , LAROCHE L , BORDERIE VM 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To assess the refractive and topographic outcome after Intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation in the management of keratoconus. Methods Prospective case series of 10 keratoconic eyes (10 patients) with ICRS implantation (KERARING Mediphacos Inc., Belo Horizonte, Brazil). All patients were contact‐lens intolerant. The main outcome measure were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), refraction, keratometry, SAI and SRI. Patients were examined before ICRS implantation and 3 months afterward. Results Mean preoperative keratometry was 50.94 ± 5.56 Diopters (D) (range 45.81 – 59.32). KERARING implantation decreased the spherical equivalent by 1.60 ± 3.31 D and the average keratometric values by 2.05 ± 1.49 D. UCVA significantly increased from 0.16 ± 0.16 to 0.26 ± 0.25 (P< 0.05). UCVA improved in 6 eyes (5 eyes experienced 2‐ to 4‐line gain, 1 eye experienced 1‐line gain), was unchanged in 2 eyes and worsened in 2 eyes (1 eye lost 5 lines, and 1 eye lost 1 line). BSCVA increased from 0.30 ± 0.21 to 0.39 ± 0.15 (P< 0.05), BSCVA improved in 5 eyes (5 eyes experienced 3‐ to 7‐line gain), was unchanged in 1 eye and worsened in 4 eyes (3 eyes lost 1 line and 1 eye lost 2 lines). Slight correlation was found between gain in UCVA and preoperative average keratometric values (R² = 0,61) (i.e, lower was preoperative keratometric value, higher was the improvement of UCVA). SAI decreased from 3.19 ± 0.83 to 2.94 ± 0.95 (P>0.05) and SRI increased from 1.30 ± 0.38 to 1.56 ±0.52 (P>0.05). Conclusion ICRS implantation improved UCVA and BCVA in the majority of the keratoconus patients. The treatment was more efficient for patient with low preoperative keratometry values.
Anterior segment OCT assisting new techniques in the field of corneal grafting
Authors: NUBILE M 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Optical coherence tomography (OCT) after extended use in diagnosis of retinal diseases has now become a new cross‐sectional imaging approach useful for anterior segment (AS) imaging. The potential advantages and limits using AS‐OCT in the field of corneal grafting are presented. Methods Systematic literature review search and clinical examples focused in the fields of corneal grafting procedures by using two different OCT systems (time domain and spectral domain). Results AS‐OCT technology, using 1310 nm wavelength, offers some advantages as compared to high frequency ultrasound system, the main being the absence of contact with the eye. It provides relatively accurate morphology and measurements of different structures of the AS and of the cornea. Morphometry of corneal structures is particularly useful in the preoperative evaluation lamellar keratoplasty procedures, including anterior lamellar keratoplasty, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and endothelial keratoplasty. Morphology of the transplant, accurate measurements of lamellar graft, interface profile evaluation and complication assessment, including posterior lamellar disc detachment are feasible. Conclusion AS‐OCT presents advantages in the clinical practice in the field of corneal disease and surgery. This technology alone should not substitute a comprehensive clinical examination but may offer valuable insights in the quantification and observation of fine details which can be obscured or not detectable during conventional slit‐lamp examination.
Keratoconus in refractive surgery candidates
Authors: PENA RUIZ D , CORTES MORA N , GALARRETA MIRA D , MARTIN R , CARRASCO HERRERO B , MERAYO‐LLOVES J 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To report keratoconus incidence in refractive surgery candidates and to compare their characteristics in scanning‐slit topography variables versus candidates with prolate corneas and a group with previous diagnosis of keratoconus. Methods All consecutive patients who underwent preoperative evaluation for refractive surgery in the last thirty‐six months were selected. Corneal scanning‐slit topography was performed in all the patients in the preoperative examination to detect patients affected by keratoconus and subjects with prolate corneas (K reading >47,2D). An additional group of keratoconic eyes was included. Age, gender, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior best fit sphere (aBFS), posterior best fit sphere (pBFS), steepest simulated K (SSK), flattest simulated K (FSK), and irregularity index at 3 and 5mm (II3, II5) were studied. Results A total of 1662 patients (3324 eyes) were included . Ninety‐six patients (190 eyes) had a steepest K reading higher than 47,2D and among them, 10 patients (20 eyes) were identified as keratoconus (0,6%). Keratoconus group included 182 eyes. Patients with prolate corneas (PC) were older (42,95 y± 9,6) than keratoconic candidates (KC) (38,22 y±11,39)(p<0,01) and keratoconus group (KG) (35,47y±11,5)(p<0,03). aBFS was higher in PC (44,94±1,38D) than KC (43,89±1,61D)(p<0,001) and than KG (44,31±1,97D)(p<0,03). II3 and II5 was lower in PC (1,54±1,38 and 2,85±7,2) than KC (4,48±2,94 and 10,43±2,1)(p<0,001) and than KG (5,18±2,69 and 6,1±4,17)(p<0,001). CCT was higher in PC (556,04±45,07 microns) than in KC (476,95±65,45 microns)(p<0,02) and than in KG (441,63±65,04 microns)(p<0,001) Conclusion Keratoconus prevalence in refractive surgery candidates is high and has a similar profile to KG.
Evaluation, diagnosis and grading of severity of MGD
Authors: BRON AJ 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate current diagnostic tests and make future recommendations. Methods An evidence‐based review of procedures. Results MGD is a common symptomatic disorder leading to associated ocular surface disease including evaporative dry eye. A two stage diagnostic approach is recommended including an assessment of meibomian function based on lid morphology, gland mass, expressibility, lipid layer appearance and tear evaporation. A diagnosis of dry eye is based on measures of tear production and clearance, tear osmolarity, tear film stability and the presence of ocular surface changes revealed by tissue staining and inflammatory biomarkers. Quantification of MGD depends on grading meibum quality and expressibility. Newer, quantitative methods will make grading more accurate in the future and include quantitative meibomian expression, non‐invasive meibography, confocal microscopy, video‐interferometry and the use of inflammatory biomarkers. Meibomian gland dropout can be to monitor and stratify MGD in clinical trials. Conclusion A provisional severity rating of MGD and MGD‐related disease has been proposed as a guide to the selection of treatment and the monitoring of disease progression.
Management and therapy of MGD
Authors: BENITEZ‐DEL‐CASTILLO JM 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Treatment of Meibomian gland dysfunction varies greatly among eye care providers.Practitioners have noted widespread deficiencies in the patient education. As a result, suboptimal and ineffective therapy is commonly practiced and abandoned prematurely as ineffective.The aim of the subcommittee was to review the current practice and published evidence of medical and surgical treatment options for Meibomian gland dysfunction and to identify areas with conflicting or lack of evidence, observations, concepts or even mechanisms were further research is required. Methods To achieve this a comprehensive review of clinical textbooks and scientific literature was performed and the quality of published evidence graded according to an agreed standard, using objective criteria for clinical and basic research studies. Results Lid warming and cleansing, artificial lubricants, systemic tetracyclines, topical antibiotic and or antibiotic‐steroid combinations are commonly prescibed. Future developments are described. Conclusion The subcommittee have prsented current and future treatment options for Meibomian gland dysfunction.
The presence of cells with stem cell markers and characteristics in the central cornea of the mouse
Authors: HOLAN V , POKORNA K , KRULOVA M , LENCOVA A , ZAJICOVA A , JIRSOVA K , FILIPEC M , FORRESTER JV 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Purpose. To assess the distribution of cells with stem cell (SC) markers and characteristics in the limbus and central cornea of the mouse. Methods Methods. The limbal tissue and the central part of corneas were separately dissected from the eyes of BALB/c mice. The expression of genes for SC markers ABCG2, p63 and Lgr5, limbal cell markers K19 and integrin alfa9, and cornea‐associated differentiation markers K12 and connexin 43 was determined by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was used for cell sorting and characterization of the side population (SP) phenotype. Results Results. A strong expression of genes for the SC markers ABCG2 and p63 was detected in the central cornea of the mouse. The markers specific for limbal tissue, K19 and integrin alfa9, were expressed predominantly in the limbus, while the cytokeratin K12 and connexin 43 were detected in the central cornea. A significant number of cells exhibiting the SP phenotype was detected in both limbus and central cornea, but the SP phenotype did not correlate with the expression of ABCG2 or p63. ABCG2+ cells were detected in both SP and non‐SP cells. Immunohistochemistry and PCR analysis revealed the presence of ABCG2+ and p63+ cells in all corneal layers with the strongest expression of SC markers in the epithelium. Conclusion Conclusion. A high frequency of cells expressing SC markers and characteristics can be detected in the central cornea of the mouse. The mouse cornea thus exhibits an SC distribution distinct from the human or rabbit cornea.
Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan input for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis in patients with unexplained chronic uveitis
Authors: RAHMI A , SEVE P , DESHAYES E , MAUCORT‐BOULCH D , BILLOTEY C , GRANGE JD , KODJIKIAN L 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose to assess the input of Fluorine‐18 Fluorodesoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F‐FDG PET scan) for diagnosis of sarcoidosis associated with unexplained chronic uveitis Methods Retrospective study of 54 patients with unexplained chronic uveitis for whom a PET scan was done because of suspected sarcoidosis, between July 2004 and December 2009. All patients underwent a clinical examination, biological tests and high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest Results 17 of 54 patients (31.5%) presented hypermetabolic foci on 18F‐FDG PET scan consistent with sarcoidosis, among them 8 patients (14.8%) underwent biopsy showing noncaseating granuloma. At the end of study, 10 patients (18.5%) were considered as having a presumed sarcoidosis, 7 patients (12.9%) as having indeterminate sarcoidosis, according to the criteria of Abad et al. (Abad S et al. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51;974‐982) used for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis‐associated with uveitis. Furthermore, PET scan allowed the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma in 2 patients and metastatic solid cancer in 3 patients. Multivariate analysis of results demonstrated that patients with unexplained chronic uveitis with a positive PET scan were almost 37 times more likely to present with sarcoidosis (p<10‐3). Increasing age at diagnosis of chronic uveitis (p=0.01), presence of posterior synechiae (p=0.01) and positive chest HRCT (p=0.01) were factors associated with probability to have a PET scan with signs for sarcoidosis Conclusion increasing age at the diagnosis of uveitis, presence of posterior synechiae and positivity of chest HRCT are associated with a positive PET scan for sarcoidosis
Low‐dose‐corticosteroids as long‐term monotherapy ‐ sufficient immunosupression in patients with chronic uveitis
Authors: DOBNER B , MACKENSEN F , BECKER M , MAX R 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study has been to identify a subgroup of patients with chronic uveitis that could be treated with low dose systemic corticosteroids alone in regard to prevent relapse of inflammation and associated complications of uveitis (including loss of vision) without important side effects. Methods In a retrospective study we included consecutive patients > 18 years of age attending the Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center Heidelberg that met the following criteria: non‐infectious uveitis without regard to anatomical presentation, previous successful treatment with tapered prednisone dose and relapse after complete cessation. The systemic prednisone dose was tapered until dosage was below or equal 7,5 mg prednisone per day without relapse of disease for at least 60 days. The criteria that the efficacy of low dose prednisone treatment had been judged on were visual acuity and anterior chamber cells. Results So far 20 patients (14 female and 6‐male) were included. Systemic diseases were found in 12 patients: 6 patients were diagnosed with sarcoidosis (2 histologically confirmed), 2 patients with psoriasis, one with colitis ulcerosa, one had autoimmune hepatitis, one with Lyme disease and one with multiple sclerosis. After a median observation period of 210 days (range 88‐810 days), 14 patients remained stable in regard to visual acuity and inflammation cells on a median final prednisone dose of 3,5 mg (range 1‐7,5 mg). Conclusion In this retrospective study we could show that a low dose systemic prednisone treatment is effective in patients with chronic uveitis.
Surgical treatment of lacrimal gland tumours
Authors: BRISCOE D 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The surgical treatment of Lacrimal gland tumors is often controversial and not so clear cut. Imaging and a full systemic evaluation lead to the decision as to which surgical approach best serves our purposes. The surgical management of Lacrimal gland tumors is discussed and the results of 31 cases in my experience are presented. Methods The surgical approach used is carefully chosen according to the type of disease presentation. All 31 patients in this series had neuroimaging and full work up and 30 underwent incision or excision biopsy. Selected cases are discussed. Results : Surgical Approaches chosen for the Lacrimal gland in this case series included Trans‐Septal Orbitotomy, and Lateral Orbitotomy. Disease spectrum included Idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease (8), Orbital Sarcoid (7), Lymphoma (3), Sjrogens disease (3), Benign Mixed Tumour (2), Infectious mononucleosis (2) Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia (2), Sebaceous Cell Carcinoma (1), Churge Strause syndrome (1), Dermoid Cyst (1), Epithelial Inclusion Cyst(1). Conclusion Biopsy of a Lacrimal gland mass is relatively simple and is recommended. The approach should be considered carefully and an excision biopsy should be performed where possible. Surgical management and surprising pathology results can have significant implications for the patient.
Medical cancer therapy of lacrimal gland tumours
Authors: LE TOURNEAU C 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose The most common malignant epithelial cancer of the lacrimal gland is the adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Despite a slow growth, ACCs are ultimately associated with a poor outcome. Methods Given the rarity of this disease, there are actually no conclusive recommendations for optimal therapy of this tumor. Results Surgery and postoperative radiation therapy is commonly used in the initial local treatment of ACC of the lacrimal gland. In high‐risk recurrence patients, concomitant platinum‐based chemoradiation should be discussed in an attempt to enhance radiosensitivity. While encouraging responses were reported with intraarterial neoadjuvant chemotherapy, this strategy was associated with substantial toxicity and should not be recommended outside of clinical trials. In the metastatic setting, systemic therapy is the only available option if no surgery and/or radiation is feasible. Although some tumour shrinkage has been reported with intravenous chemotherapy, only dismal objective response rates were achieved. Most active drugs remain anthracyclines and platinum compounds. Drug combinations do not seem to add much efficacy. More recently, non‐cytotoxic molecularly targeted agents have emerged and demonstrated significant efficacy in several tumour types. These agents modulate specific targets thought to be essential for tumour proliferation and/or angiogenesis. c‐KIT, PDGFRα, EGFR, and VEGFR are transmembrane receptors with oncogenic tyrosine kinase activity that are commonly overexpressed in ACC. The use of drugs triggering these targets has been disappointing so far. Conclusion The recent identification of a hallmark gene fusion transcript thought to activate critical targets involved in apoptosis, cell cycle control, cell growth and angiogenesis, heralds new treatment promise.
Posture related IOP change in patients with primary open angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
Authors: DASTIRIDOU A , KATSANOS A , DIMASI B , MAKRIS P , CHOLEVAS P , TSIRONI E 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To compare IOP in the sitting, supine and Trendelenburg position in controls, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) patients. Methods 20 POAG, 18 PXG patients and 21 controls were included. Exclusion criteria were: diabetes, severe cardiovascular disease and previous ocular pathology or surgery. IOP was measured with a Perkins tonometer and arterial pressure (AP) with a sphygmomanometer consecutively in the sitting, supine and Trendelenburg positions, allowing for a period of 5 minutes between positions. The IOP and AP differences between the baseline sitting position and the supine and Trendelenburg positions were calculated. Results There was no age difference between the groups (p=0.3). Mean sitting IOP for the control, XFG and POAG groups were: 13.6±1.9mmHg, 12.9±2.1mmHg and 13.9±2.9mmHg, respectively (one way ANOVA, p=0.4). There was a bigger IOP increase from the sitting to the Trendelenburg position, compared to the supine position in all groups (1.7±1.6 versus 0.9±1.3mmHg in the control group, 4.6±2.4 versus 2.7±1.5mmHg in the PXG and 4.4±2.2 versus 2.2±1.7mmHg in the POAG group, repeated measures ANOVA, p<0.05). Post‐hoc pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between each glaucoma group and the control group (p<0.01), whereas no difference was observed in IOP change between POAG and PXG patients (p=0.5). There was no difference in mean AP in different body positions for any group (repeated measures ANOVA, p>0.1) Conclusion POAG and PXG patients exhibit an exaggerated posture‐related IOP change compared to controls, especially when assuming the Trendelenburg position.
Ocular response analyzerTM (ORA) in ocular hypertension (OHT), open angle glaucoma (OAG) and pre‐perimetric glaucoma (PPG).
Authors: MAY F , HAMAM O , GIRAUD JM , FENOLLAND JR , MOUINGA ABAYI A , RENARD JP 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the corneal biomechanical parameters measured by ORA in OHT, OAG, PPG and normal subjects (NS): age influence, mean values comparisons, correlation and reliability. Methods Prospective study, 317 eyes: 64 OHT, 46 OAG, 42 PPG and 165 NS. Were performed: Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance dactor (CRF), Goldmann correlated intra‐ocular pressure (IOPg), corneal compensated intra‐ocular pressure (IOPcc). Results Age induces no significant influence on CH; CRF does not vary with age in OHT, OAG, and normal eyes. Whatever the group, CH, CRF and CCT present no significant difference whatever the age class. CH mean value in NS group is significantly different compared with OHT, OAG and PPG. CRF mean value in OHT is significantly different compared with NS and OAG. CH, CRF and CCT are well correlated. CH is correlated with IOPcc and not with IOPg and GAT; inversely for CRF. In all groups, there is a good reliability between CH and CRF (r = 0,49 to 0,77) and a strong reliability between IOPcc, IOPg and GAT (r= 0,5 to 0,8). IOPcc is independant from CCT, strongly correlated with CH, and statistically different between NS, OHT and OAG groups. CH mean value is lower in OAG eyes, and statistically different compared with OHT, OAG, PPG and NS, but there is an overlap of values between groups. Whatever ORA derived data, PPG is different from OAG; PPG eyes differ from OHT for CCT, and from NS for CH. Conclusion ORA derived corneal biomechanical parameters are not influenced by age. IOPcc seems to be a good estimation of IOP. CH and CRF significantly differ between OAG and normal eyes.
Effect of acute increases of intraocular pressure on the intrastromal corneal pressure: an animal study
Authors: BOLIVAR G , CASTEJON M , GUTIERREZ‐ORTIZ C , TEUS MA 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of acute intraocular pressure (IOP) increases on the intrastromal corneal pressure (ICP). Methods The ICP and the central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured, “in vivo”, in 9 rabbit eyes with stable IOP, and in 9 rabbit eyes at baseline, and then after the IOP was set at 15mmHg and at 30mmHg. Results The ICP reached similar levels in both groups at all time points (p=0.5, p=0.9 and p=0.6, respectively) although the CCT was significantly thinner (p=0.02) with higher IOP levels. Conclusion The ICP, measured by intraestromal cannulation, tends to become more negative with time, and this behaviour does not change with the increase of IOP, in the range analyzed, even though the cornea shows the expected IOP‐induced compression.
Vasoregulatory and neuroprotective effects of oral antioxidants against glaucomateus damage
Authors: ENGIN KN , YEMISCI B , YIGIT U , OZTURK R 
Published: November 2010

Abstract Purpose Glaucomateus damage proceeds from retinal ganglion cells to brain. Aside from their antioxidant effects, a‐tocopherol and Gingko Biloba known to be neuromediators with vasoregulatory effects on retina. In this clinical study, we aimed to evaluate vasoregulatory and neuroprotective effects of oral a‐tocopherol and Gingko Biloba beyond their antioxidant properties. Methods Equally divided 4 groups were consisted of 120 eyes of 60 patients with glaucoma. Group A recieved no antioxidant. For 3 months, groups B,C,D patients have recieved a‐tocopherol, Gingko Biloba and a strong antioxidant formula, respectively. At the begining and end of the study, all the patients were exemined with Doppler USG, Central Visual Fields, OCT and serum oxidation parameters were studied. Parametrical statystical analysis were made. Results Antioxidant intake have been confirmed with blood tests. Significant decreases in ganglion cell loss and pulsatility indexes of ophthalmic and cantral retinal arteries have been found in group C. In groups B and D, MD values and ophthalmic artery end diastolic volume were significantly higher. Conclusion Neuroprotective efect in glaucoma can be obtained with oral antioxidant intake, in short term. Gingko Biloba and a‐tocopherol merit a concern beyond other antioxidants.