bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilisation of Cardiopulmonary Function in Newborns with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Using Lung Function Parameters and Hemodynamic Management
Authors: Hofmann S. , Stadler K. , Heilmann A. , Häusler H. , Fitze G. , Kamin G. , Nitzsche K. , Hahn G. , Dinger J. 
Published: July 2012

AbstractEvaluation of lung function parameters and additional use of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) for the stabilisation of cardiopulmonary function in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Observational study.Between 2007 and 2009 8 patients with CDH have been treated in our pediatric intensive care unit (gestational age 34 + 0 – 40 + 4 weeks, birth weight 2 160–3 840 g). All patients required respiratory support. Gentle mechanical ventilation adapted to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia based on serially measurements of lung function parameters to find appropriate ventilator settings has been performed.Functional residual capacity (FRC) and compliance of the respiratory system in all patients were markedly reduced. A FRC between 9.3–10.6 ml/kg and compliance between 1.1–1.8 ml/kPa/kg indicated pronounced hypoplasia of the lungs. Doppler flow patterns through the arterial duct were classified into left-to-right, right-to-left and bidirectional shunting and correlated to the degree of PHT. The additional use of PGE1 to reopen the arterial duct and to stabilize right ventricular function led to an amelioration of severe PHT and preoperative stabilisation in 2 newborns with pronounced pulmonary hypoplasia. All patients underwent successful surgery, and did not show any complications after 2 years follow-up.Measurements of lung function parameters and adaptation of mechanical ventilation to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia and additional therapy with PGE1 may help to improve the outcome in CDH patients.
Thoracic Hyperkyphosis: Assessment of the Distal Fusion Level
Authors: Lundine Kristopher , Turner Peter , Johnson Michael 
Published: July 2012

Study Design This is a retrospective study. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the sagittal stable vertebra (SSV) versus the first lordotic vertebra (FLV) as the inferior fusion level in patients undergoing spinal surgery for thoracic hyperkyphosis. The main outcome of interest was the development of distal junctional kyphosis (DJK). Summary of Background Data Prior research has pointed to selection of the FLV for the distal instrumentation level in fusion for thoracic hyperkyphosis. In 2009, Cho et al introduced the concept of the SSV after recognizing the development of DJK despite fusion to the FLV. Methods Patients were reviewed who had undergone spinal fusion for thoracic hyperkyphosis. Preoperative radiographs were reviewed to assess thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, SSV, and FLV. Postoperative radiographs were reviewed to assess curve correction and whether patients developed DJK or implant failure. Results We reviewed 22 patients with a mean age at surgery of 18 (range 14 to 22). Mean preoperative kyphosis was 85 ± 14 degrees, and mean postoperative kyphosis at final follow-up was 59 ± 12 degrees for a mean correction of 26 ± 12 degrees. Eleven patients developed DJK and four patients experienced hardware failure. In 12 patients, the SSV was inferior to the FLV. Rates of DJK when the instrumentation included the SSV or FLV were 13 and 38%, respectively. Conclusions Fusion to the SSV is superior at preventing DJK when compared with fusion to the FLV.
Inception of an Australian Spine Trauma Registry: the Minimum Dataset
Authors: Tee J. W. , Chan C. H. P. , Gruen R. L. , Fitzgerald M. C. B. , Liew S. M. , Cameron P. A. , Rosenfeld J. V. 
Published: July 2012

Background The establishment of a spine trauma registry collecting both spine column and spinal cord data should improve the evidential basis for clinical decisions. This is a report on the pilot of a spine trauma registry including development of a minimum dataset. Methods A minimum dataset consisting of 56 data items was created using the modified Delphi technique. A pilot study was performed on 104 consecutive spine trauma patients recruited by the Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry (VOTOR). Data analysis and collection methodology were reviewed to determine its feasibility. Results Minimum dataset collection aided by a dataset dictionary was uncomplicated (average of 5 minutes per patient). Data analysis revealed three significant findings: (1) a peak in the 40 to 60 years age group; (2) premorbid functional independence in the majority of patients; and (3) significant proportion being on antiplatelet or anticoagulation medications. Of the 141 traumatic spine fractures, the thoracolumbar segment was the most frequent site of injury. Most were neurologically intact (89%). Our study group had satisfactory 6-month patient-reported outcomes. Conclusion The minimum dataset had high completion rates, was practical and feasible to collect. This pilot study is the basis for the development of a spine trauma registry at the Level 1 trauma center.
Segmental Stiffness Achieved by Three Types of Fixation for Unstable Lumbar Spondylolytic Motion Segments
Authors: Choma Theodore , Pfeiffer Ferris , Vallurupalli Santaram , Mannering Irene , Pak Youngju 
Published: July 2012

Objective The objective of this study was to compare the relative stability in lumbar spondylolysis (SP) of a rigid anterior plate (with a novel compression slot) versus traditional posterior pedicle screw (PS) fixation. Summary of Background Data Arthrodesis has been a mainstay of treatment for symptomatic isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults. Posterior PS fixation has become a commonly used adjunct. Some have advocated anterior lumbar interbody fixation (ALIF) plate as an alternative. The relative stability afforded by ALIF in SP has not been well characterized, nor has the contribution afforded by a compression screw slot in an ALIF plate. Methods Calf spine segments were characterized in the normal state, after sectioning the pars (SP model), then after reconstruction with an interbody spacer and either PS/rods, or an ALIF plate, or both. Results ALIF plate conferred stability on the spondylolytic segment only comparable to that of the normal functional spinal unit (FSU). Posterior fixation was more stable than anterior fixation in all testing modes. Addition of an ALIF plate conferred a significant additional stability in those that already had posterior fixation. The utilization of an anterior compression screw conferred additional stability in extension testing only. Conclusions ALIF plate reconstruction in the setting of SP may not confer enough segmental stability to predictably encourage fusion beyond that of the uninstrumented intact FSU. The utilization of an integral compression screw in an ALIF plate may not confer clinically significant additional construct stability in SP.
Redox systematics of a magma ocean with variable pressure-temperature gradients and composition
Authors: Righter K. , Ghiorso M. S. 
Published: July 2012

Oxygen fugacity in metal-bearing systems controls some fundamental aspects of the geochemistry of the early Earth, such as the FeO and siderophile trace element content of the mantle, volatile species that influence atmospheric composition, and conditions for organic compounds synthesis. Redox and metal-silicate equilibria in the early Earth are sensitive to oxygen fugacity (fO2), yet are poorly constrained in modeling and experimentation. High pressure and temperature experimentation and modeling in metal-silicate systems usually employs an approximation approach for estimating fO2that is based on the ratio of Fe and FeO [called “ΔIW (ratio)” hereafter]. We present a new approach that utilizes free energy and activity modeling of the equilibrium: Fe + SiO2 + O2 = Fe2SiO4to calculate absolute fO2and relative to the iron-wüstite (IW) buffer at pressure and temperature [ΔIW (P,T)]. This equilibrium is considered across a wide range of pressures and temperatures, including up to the liquidus temperature of peridotite (4,000 K at 50 GPa). Application of ΔIW (ratio) to metal-silicate experiments can be three or four orders of magnitude different from ΔIW (P,T) values calculated using free energy and activity modeling. We will also use this approach to consider the variation in oxygen fugacity in a magma ocean scenario for various thermal structures for the early Earth: hot liquidus gradient, 100 °C below the liquidus, hot and cool adiabatic gradients, and a cool subsolidus adiabat. The results are used to assess the effect of increasing P and T, changing silicate composition during accretion, and related to current models for accretion and core formation in the Earth. The fO2in a deep magma ocean scenario may become lower relative to the IW buffer at hotter and deeper conditions, which could include metal entrainment scenarios. Therefore, fO2may evolve from high to low fO2during Earth (and other differentiated bodies) accretion. Any modeling of core formation and metal-silicate equilibrium should take these effects into account.
Improving aerosol distributions below clouds by assimilating satellite-retrieved cloud droplet number
Authors: Saide Pablo E. , Carmichael Gregory R. , Spak Scott N. , Minnis Patrick , Ayers J. Kirk 
Published: July 2012

Limitations in current capabilities to constrain aerosols adversely impact atmospheric simulations. Typically, aerosol burdens within models are constrained employing satellite aerosol optical properties, which are not available under cloudy conditions. Here we set the first steps to overcome the long-standing limitation that aerosols cannot be constrained using satellite remote sensing under cloudy conditions. We introduce a unique data assimilation method that uses cloud droplet number (Nd) retrievals to improve predicted below-cloud aerosol mass and number concentrations. The assimilation, which uses an adjoint aerosol activation parameterization, improves agreement with independentNdobservations and with in situ aerosol measurements below shallow cumulus clouds. The impacts of a single assimilation on aerosol and cloud forecasts extend beyond 24 h. Unlike previous methods, this technique can directly improve predictions of near-surface fine mode aerosols responsible for human health impacts and low-cloud radiative forcing. Better constrained aerosol distributions will help improve health effects studies, atmospheric emissions estimates, and air-quality, weather, and climate predictions.
Time-resolved diagnostics and kinetic modelling of the ignition transient of a H2 + 10% N2 square wave modulated hollow cathode discharge
Authors: Carrasco E , Herrero V J , Tanarro I 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Time-resolved emission spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry are used for the experimental diagnostics of a low pressure (8 Pa) modulated dc hollow cathode discharge of H2 + 10% N2. The time-dependent experimental results are reasonably accounted for by a zero-order kinetic model developed in our group and checked previously with steady-state measurements (Carrasco et al 2011 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.
13 19561), which is now validated under more stringent conditions. In addition to the discharge precursors, which are partly recycled in wall reactions, NH3 is produced in small but appreciable amounts. The slower evolution of NH3, as compared with H2 and N2, is traced back to the multistep surface reaction mechanism responsible for its production. An analysis of the time variation of optical emission measurements shows that excited NH(c 1Π) radicals are essentially formed in the electron-impact dissociation of NH3.
Large piezoelectric response of Bi0.5(Na(1 − x)Kx)0.5TiO3 thin films near morphotropic phase boundary identified by multi-peak fitting
Authors: Yueqiu Gong , Hui Dong , Xuejun Zheng , Jinfeng Peng , Xujun Li , Renjie Huang 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Bi0.5(Na(1 − x)K
x
)0.5TiO3 (BNKT100x) (x = 0.11, 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(1 0 0) substrates by metal-organic decomposition, and the effects of potassium content on the microstructure and ferroelectric/piezoelectric properties were investigated in detail. The coexistence of typical rhombohedral and tetragonal phases can be identified by multi-peak fitting in grazing incidence x-ray diffraction patterns, which indicates that morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) can be obtained for BNKT100x thin films. The results show that all the thin films are of single-phase perovskite structure and there is intimate coexistence of two phases in the potassium content range x = 0.13–0.17. The BNKT17 thin film is of the largest effective piezoelectric coefficient (d
33eff = 98 pm V−1), which is attributed to a high degree of alignment of ferroelectric domains in the MPB region and its largest grain size. The BNKT17 thin film exhibits the classical diffuse phase transition of a relaxor ferroelectric, which is discussed by compositional inhomogeneity and polar nanoregions. This study offers useful guidelines to identify MPB of ferroelectric thin films with improved piezoelectric performance.
Distribution by origin and sea age of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the sea around the Faroe Islands based on analysis of historical tag recoveries
Authors: Jacobsen Jan Arge , Hansen Lars P. , Bakkestuen Vegar , Halvorsen Rune , Reddin David G. , White Jonathan , Ó Maoiléidigh Niall , Russell Ian C. , Potter E. C. E. (Ted) , Fowler Mark , Smith Gordon W. , Mork Kjell A. , Isaksson Arni , Oskarsson Sumarlidi , Karlsson Lars , Pedersen Stig 
Published: July 2012

AbstractJacobsen, J. A., Hansen, L. P., Bakkestuen, V., Halvorsen, R., Reddin, D. G., White, J., Ó Maoiléidigh, N., Russell, I.C., Potter, E. C. E., Fowler, M., Smith, G. W., Mork, K. A., Isaksson, A., Oskarsson, S., Karlsson, L., and Pedersen, S. 2012. Distribution by origin and sea age of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the sea around the Faroe Islands based on analysis of historical tag recoveries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1598–1608. A database of 2651 tags applied to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in 13 countries or jurisdictions and recovered in the Faroes longline salmon fishery from 1968 to 2000 was analysed for geographic distribution and origin of the salmon captured with respect to differences in sea age, season of the fishery, and hydrographic features in the Faroes area. The results indicated that salmon were not distributed randomly in the Faroes area by fishing season, sea age, or country of origin. The distribution of salmon in the Faroes zone partly depends on their geographic origin; salmon from countries in the northern European stock complex were distributed significantly farther northeast than those from countries in the southern European stock complex. Furthermore, the proportion of tag recoveries from southern European countries was higher in autumn, and the proportion recovered from northern European countries higher in winter. The apparent temporal and spatial segregation of stocks of different origin suggests that there may have been differential exploitation on these stocks, which provides information that could inform fishery management with regard to temporal and/or spatial fishery options for the Faroes commercial salmon fishery should it recommence in future.
First Report of Leaf Spot of Sesame Caused by Xanthomonas sp. In the United States
Authors: Isakeit T. , Hassett B. T. , Ong K. L. 
Published: July 2012

In July 2010 in Texas, extensive leaf spots (10 to 30% leaf area affected) occurred on a commercial planting of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) in Hidalgo County and to a lesser extent (1 to 5% leaf area) on leaves of several varieties in experimental trials in Colorado and Victoria Counties. The leaf spots were light to dark brown, somewhat circular, and 1 to 3 mm in diameter. A symptomatic leaf from each of three to five plants per county was sampled for isolations. Leaves were sprayed with 70% ethanol and immediately blotted dry with a paper towel. The margins of spots (2 mm2) were excised with a scalpel and placed in a drop of sterile water for 5 min. Drops were streaked on nutrient agar (NA) and incubated at 30°C. The 12 isolations consistently yielded gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with yellow, translucent colonies that were visible after 2 days of incubation. The DNA of 11 isolates was extracted with the Norgen (Thorold, ON) Bacterial genomic DNA isolation kit (Cat. #17900) and the ITS region was amplified by 16S uni 1330 and 23S uni 322 anti primers (1). PCR products were treated with the ZymoResearch (Irvine, CA) DNA clean & concentrator kit (Cat. #D4003) and sequenced. With the NCBI database, a BLAST search of the 1,100 bp amplicons showed 93 to 99% identity with pathovars of either Xanthomonas oryzae or X. axonopodis (GenBank Accession Nos. CP003057.1 and CP002914.1, respectively). Amplicon sequences of the sesame isolates were deposited in GenBank as Accession Nos. JQ975037 through JQ975047. The reported species on sesame is X. campestris pv. sesami (2). To fulfill Koch's postulates, potted sesame plants (var. Sesaco 25), 15 to 20 cm tall, were sprayed until runoff with a suspension of bacteria (106 to 107 CFU/ml) from a 2-day-old NA culture. All 12 isolates were evaluated, with five to seven plants per isolate. Plants were maintained in a mist chamber in a greenhouse at 27 to 30°C and 100% relative humidity. The pathogenicity trial was repeated once. Leaf spots were first seen 7 days after inoculation and were prevalent 14 days after inoculation. All 12 isolates were pathogenic. There were no symptoms on leaves sprayed with sterile water. Bacteria that produced colonies consistent with Xanthomonas were reisolated on NA from symptomatic leaves but not from controls. The identities of three isolates were reconfirmed with PCR analysis and sequencing. In 2007, more than 2,000 ha of sesame were grown in the continental United States, with 80% of that in Texas. Currently, acreage of shatter-free varieties of sesame is increasing in arid areas of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. In such areas, the yield impact of this disease is likely to be minimal, except in years with above-average rainfall. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this disease in the United States. References: (1) E. R. Gonçalves and Y. B. Rosato. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 52:355, 2002. (2) J. M. Young et al., New Zealand J. Agric. Res. 21:153, 1978.
Insulin at normal physiological levels does not prolong QTc interval in thorough QT studies performed in healthy volunteers
Authors: Taubel Jorg , Lorch Ulrike , Ferber Georg , Singh Jatinder , Batchvarov Velislav N. , Savelieva Irina , Camm A. John 
Published: July 2012

AimsFood is known to shorten the QTc (QTcI and QTcF) interval and has been proposed as a non‐pharmacological method of confirming assay sensitivity in thorough QT (TQT) studies and early phase studies in medicines research. Intake of food leads to a rise in insulin levels together with the release of C‐peptide in equimolar amounts. However, it has been reported that euglycaemic hyperinsulinemia can prolong the QTc interval, whilst C‐peptide has been reported to shorten the QTc interval. Currently there is limited information on the effects of insulin and C‐peptide on the electrocardiogram (ECG). This study was performed to assess the effect of insulin, glucose and C‐peptide on the QTc interval under the rigorous conditions of a TQT study.MethodsThirty‐two healthy male and female, Caucasian and Japanese subjects were randomized to receive six treatments: (1) placebo, (2) insulin euglycaemic clamp, (3) carbohydrate rich ‘continental’ breakfast, (4) calorie reduced ‘American’ FDA breakfast, (5) moxifloxacin without food, and (6) moxifloxacin with food. Measurements of ECG intervals were performed automatically with subsequent adjudication in accordance with the ICH E14 guideline and relevant amendments.ResultsNo effect was observed on QTcF during the insulin euglycaemic clamp period (maximal shortening of QTcF by 2.6 ms, not significant). Following ingestion of a carbohydrate rich ‘continental’ breakfast or a calorie reduced ‘American’ FDA standard breakfast, a rapid increase in insulin and C‐peptide concentrations were observed. Insulin concentrations showed a peak response after the ‘continental’ breakfast observed at the first measurement time point (0.25 h) followed by a rapid decline. Insulin concentrations observed with the ‘American’ breakfast were approximately half of those seen with the ‘continental’ breakfast and showed a similar pattern. C‐peptide concentrations showed a peak response at the first measurement time point (0.25 h) with a steady return to baseline at the 6 h time point. The response to the ‘continental’ breakfast was approximately double that of the ‘American’ FDA breakfast. A rapid onset of the effect on QTcF was observed with the ‘continental’ breakfast with shortening by >5 ms in the time interval from 1 to 4 h. After the ‘American’ FDA breakfast, a similar but smaller effect was seen.ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate that there was no change in QTc during the euglycaemic clamp. Given that insulin was raised to physiological concentrations comparable with those seen after a meal, whilst the release of C‐peptide was suppressed, insulin appears to have no effect on the QTc interval in either direction. The results suggest a relationship exists between the shortening of QTc and C‐peptide concentrations and indicate that glucose may have a QTc prolonging effect, which will require further research.
An oral TRPV1 antagonist attenuates laser radiant‐heat‐evoked potentials and pain ratings from UVB‐inflamed and normal skin
Authors: Schaffler Klaus , Reeh Peter , Duan W. Rachel , Best Andrea E. , Othman Ahmed A. , Faltynek Connie R. , Locke Charles , Nothaft Wolfram 
Published: July 2012

AimsLaser (radiant‐heat) evoked potentials (LEPs) from vertex‐EEG peak‐to‐peak (PtP) amplitude were used to determine acute antinociceptive/antihyperalgesic efficacy of ABT‐102, a novel TRPV1 antagonist efficacious in preclinical pain models, compared with active controls and placebo in normal and UVB‐inflamed skin.MethodsThis was a randomized, placebo‐ and active‐controlled, double‐blind, intra‐individual, crossover trial. Twenty‐four healthy subjects received six sequences of single doses of ABT‐102 (0.5, 2, 6 mg), etoricoxib 90 mg, tramadol 100 mg and placebo. Painful stimuli were induced by CO2‐laser on normal and UVB‐inflamed skin. LEPs and visual analogue scale (VAS‐pain) ratings were taken at baseline and hourly up to 8 h post‐dose from both skin types.ResultsCompared with placebo, significant mean decreases in the primary variable of LEP PtP‐amplitude from UVB‐inflamed skin were observed with ABT‐102 6 mg (P < 0.001), ABT‐102 2 mg (P = 0.002), tramadol 100 mg (P < 0.001), and etoricoxib 90 mg (P = 0.001) over the 8 h period; ABT‐102 0.5 mg was similar to placebo. ABT‐102 6 mg was superior to active controls over the 8 h period (P < 0.05) whereas ABT‐102 2 mg was comparable. Improvements in VAS scores compared with placebo were observed with ABT‐102 6 mg (P < 0.001) and ABT‐102 2 mg (P = 0.002). ABT‐102 average plasma concentrations were 1.3, 4.4 and 9.4 ng ml−1 for the 0.5, 2 and 6 mg doses, respectively. There were no clinically significant safety findings.ConclusionsTRPV‐1 antagonism appears promising in the management of clinical pain, but requires further investigation.