bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of rumpshaker phenotype with wild‐type PLP/DM20 suggests several pathogenic mechanisms
Authors: Barrie Jennifer A. , Montague Paul , Karim Saadia , Kirkham Douglas , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Anderson Thomas J. , Griffiths Ian R. , McLaughlin Mark 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe rumpshaker mutation of the murine myelin proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) gene generates misfolded PLP/DM20 protein, resulting in dysmyelination, increased oligodendrocyte apoptosis, and death prior to P40 when expressed on the C57 BL/6 background. In this study, we used transgenic complementation to normalize the levels of PLP/DM20 in myelin with wild‐type protein to determine whether loss of normal PLP function or gain of toxic function is responsible for dysmyelination in the rumpshaker. Restoring myelin PLP/DM20 levels extended the survival time to at least P60, significantly reduced the density of apoptotic cells, increased myelin volume, and restored normal periodicity of myelin. Biochemical analysis found that several myelin proteins that are reduced in rumpshaker, including MAG, CNP, and SirT2, are markedly elevated at peak myelination (P20) in the rumpshaker transgenic mouse. Myelin basic protein, however, remained low at peak myelination but was restored at P60 when myelin had matured and entered into a maintenance phase. Markers of the unfolded protein response (UPR), BiP and XBP1, remained activated with the introduction of wild‐type PLP. These data demonstrate that restoring wild‐type PLP/DM20 levels in rumpshaker improves the phenotype and the integrity of myelin, but hypomyelination persists and stress pathways remain activated. This suggests that both gain‐ and loss‐of‐function mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of the rumpshaker. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the structural order of all‐trans‐β‐carotene on the Raman scattering cross section at low concentrations
Authors: OuYang Shun‐Li , Sun Cheng‐Lin , Zhou Mi , Li Zhan‐Long , Men Zhi‐Wei , Li Dong‐Fei , Li Zuo‐Wei , Gao Shu‐Qin , Lu Guo‐Hui 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUsing the technique of liquid‐core optical fiber (LCOF), we measured the Raman scattering cross sections (RSCSs) of the carbon–carbon (CC) stretching vibrational modes of all‐trans‐β‐carotene in carbon disulfide (CS2) at concentrations ranging from 10−6 to 10−11 M. It was found that the RSCSs of all‐trans‐β‐carotene were extremely high with decreasing concentration, and the absolute RSCS of C stretching modes of all‐trans‐β‐carotene reached the value of 2.6 × 10−20 cm2 molecule−1 Sr−1 at 8 × 10−11 M, which is larger than at 8 × 10−6 Mby 4 orders of magnitude. A theoretical interpretation of the anomalous experimental results is given, which introduces a qualitative nonlinear model of coherent weakly damped electron‐lattice vibrations in structural order of all‐trans‐β‐carotene. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of nucleosides and monophosphate nucleotides from mushrooms with reversed‐phase HPLC
Authors: Ranogajec Ana , Beluhan Sunčica , Šmit Zdenko 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe retention characteristics of five stationary phases were tested by using a selection of 5′‐mononucleotides and nucleosides with the aim to develop a simple, rapid and sensitive reversed‐phase liquid chromatography method without ion‐pair reagent usage. The method was optimized by changes in temperature, pH and ionic strength on a column showing a superior performance. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 0.05 M phosphate buffer and methanol, delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and based on a gradient program. UV detection was used at a 254 nm wavelength. The method was validated for a quantitative analysis of 5′‐mononucleotides and nucleosides in wild edible mushrooms. For all nucleosides and nucleotides, the LOD and LOQ were less than 0.02 and 0.07 μg/mL, respectively. Validation parameters yielded recovery rates between 68.6 and 98.2%, with a precision expressed as a relative standard deviation of 7.6–15.3%. The content of 5′‐mononucleotides and nucleosides was determined for 10 samples of wild edible mushrooms found in Croatia and, accordingly, the equivalent umami concentrations were calculated.
Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of saikosaponins from Bupleurum falcatum with orthogonal array design
Authors: Sun Yinshi , Wei Li , Wang Jianhua , Bi Jianjie , Liu Zhengbo , Wang Ying , Guo Zude 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSupercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was used to extract saikosaponins a, c and d from the root of Bupleurum falcatum. An orthogonal array design L9(3)4 was employed as a chemometric method for the optimization of the SFE conditions. The effects of four factors including pressure (30–40 MPa), temperature (40–50°C), ethanol concentration (60–100%) and time (2.5–3.5 h) on the yields of saikosaponins were investigated by a preparative SFE system in the SFE mode. Under the optimized conditions, namely 35 MPa of pressure, 45°C of temperature, 80% of ethanol concentration and 3.0 h of time, the yields of saikosaponin c, saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d, total saikosaponins and SFE extract were 0.16, 0.12, 0.96, 1.24 and 16.48 mg/g, respectively. Determinations of the saikosaponins were performed by HPLC.
How good is the evidence for the lipid hypothesis?
Authors: Stanley John 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe evidence for the lipid hypothesis is weak. After 20 years of follow‐up, the Nurses Health Study, a prospective cohort study, was no longer able to demonstrate an association between intakes of saturated fat and risk of developing coronary heart disease. Randomised controlled trials with statins have shown that lowering LDL‐cholesterol levels by 23% can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease but reducing saturated fat can only reduce cholesterol levels by 10%. This issue can only be resolved by carrying out randomised controlled dietary trials with CVD endpoints. Although there are scientific difficulties standing in the way of such trials, it is the opinion of this author that these can be overcome. Whether there is the political will to fund them is another matter although some of the money currently spent on prospective cohort studies would be far better spent on randomised controlled trials.
Adsorption of Copolymers on Solid Surfaces
Authors: Rybicka Joanna , Sikorski Andrzej 
Published: February 2010

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations of idealized models of polymer chains at interfaces were carried out. The models chains consisted of hydrophobic and hydrophilic united atoms (beads) and were embedded in a [310] hybrid lattice. The polymer beads interacted through a long‐distance contact potential and were placed near an impenetrable and attractive surface. The properties of the model system were determined using the replica‐exchange Monte Carlo algorithm. The influence of temperature, adsorption strength and bead sequence on the properties of model chains were studied. It was shown that weak chain adsorption did not change alter the process of chain collapse significantly. For strong adsorption, the chain rearrangements were found to be more complicated, especially for alternating copolymers.magnified image
Effects of Asymmetric Interaction Energies on the Microphase Separation Behavior of H‐shaped (AC)B(CA) Ternary Block Copolymer Systems: A Real‐Space SCF Study
Authors: Sun De‐Wen , Sun Zhao‐Yan , Li Hong‐Fei , An Li‐Jia 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe microphase separation behavior of H‐shaped (AC)B(CA) ternary block copolymer systems with asymmetric interaction parameters are studied in 3D space by a combinatorial screening method based on SCF theory. The focus is on systems with asymmetric interaction energies among three species, where the Flory‐Huggins interaction parameters obey χAC < χAB = χBC and χAC > χAB = χBC. It is shown that the asymmetric interaction energies enlarge the stable regions of “two‐color” and “three‐color” core/shell microphase morphologies near the three edges of triangle phase diagrams. The “three‐color” hexagonal honeycomb packed cylinder (HEX3‐PC) morphology and the simple cubic spheres connected by cylinders (SCS + C) morphology are found stable.magnified image
Multigrid methods
Authors: Falgout Robert D. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis special issue contains papers from the Fourteenth Copper Mountain Conference on Multigrid Methods, held in the Colorado Rocky Mountains on March 22–27, 2009. The papers address a variety of applications and cover a breadth of topics, ranging from theory to high‐performance computing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring matrix isolated carbenes and bis‐carbenes with electronic spectroscopy as a guide
Authors: Sheridan Robert S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractSinglet carbenes exhibit very informative electronic spectra, which vary as a sensitive function of substituents and geometries. In particular, the lowest energy σ–p type excitations for singlet carbenes range broadly from the short wavelength UV to the near IR. Substituent effects on the energy of this key electronic transition can be rationalized by very simple orbital mixing arguments, and parallel similar influences on singlet–triplet energies. Besides providing valuable electronic information on singlet carbenes and bis‐carbenes which have been studied by low temperature matrix isolation methods, UV/Vis spectroscopy has often guided investigations of conformation‐dependent photochemistry of these species. Insights learned from experimental and calculated UV/visible spectra of a broad range of matrix isolated singlet carbenes and bis‐carbenes are described. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular ion yield enhancement in static secondary ion mass spectrometry by soft landing of protonated water clusters
Authors: Li Guangtao , Cyriac Jobin , Gao Liang , Graham Cooks R. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAn effective online method for molecular ion yield enhancement in static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is demonstrated using a custom‐built soft landing (SL) instrument equipped with SIMS capabilities. Dramatic molecular ion yield enhancement has been observed for amino acids and peptides on silica substrates after soft landing a mixture of protonated water clusters [H(H2O)n]+ (n = 4 to > 100). Image current measurements and experiments on semiconducting and metal substrates confirmed that protonation of the analyte molecule and effective charge retention on the substrate is the reason for the observed phenomenon. Enhancement could also be observed‐less conveniently‐by offline treatment of the surface using electrospray deposition of 2% acetic acid in methanol/water solution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control of nano/microstructure and pit initiation sites on aluminium surface by use of self‐assembled spheres
Authors: Ono Sachiko , Uchibori Kota , Asoh Hidetaka 
Published: February 2010

AbstractNano/microstructure control and electrochemical etching of aluminium substrate using a honeycomb alumina mask fabricated by anodisation with self‐assembled spheres aligned on the aluminium surface were studied to directly control the initiation sites of pits. The transfer of the hexagonally ordered pattern of self‐assembled spheres to the aluminium substrate could be achieved by substantially suppressed anodic oxide growth under the spheres where selective electrochemical etching proceeded. That is, etch pits are generated only in the thinner areas or holes of the honeycomb alumina mask with a one‐to‐one correspondence. With this process, improvements in pit distribution density and the homogeneity of pit sizes, while avoiding excessive dissolution of the aluminium surface, could be achieved easily in comparison with the conventional method. The density of pits could also be controlled by changing the diameter of spheres used as an indirect mask. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth studies of Ti‐based films deposited on Si and SiO2 using angle‐resolved XPS
Authors: Oswald S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractTi and TiN films with thicknesses of less than one monolayer and up to several nanometers were deposited by magnetron sputtering onto Si and SiO2. The samples were transferred immediately after deposition into the analysis chamber without breaking the vacuum to avoid oxide formation and contamination. Analysis was done by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for elemental and bonding state characterization as well as by angle‐resolved XPS (ARXPS) for nondestructive depth profiling. The XPS measurements indicated different phase formation processes at the interfaces, which were used as the base for the ARXPS data analysis. Growth properties for similarly deposited Ti‐, Ta‐ and W‐based films are compared. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards the Third Way: Interdisciplinary Attitudes to the History and Practice of Listening
Authors: Lockhart William 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTContributions to the discussions following the papers presented at the Royal Musical Association conference ‘Listening: Interdisciplinary Perspectives’ held at King's College, Cambridge, on 24–25 November 2006 were particularly animated. This paper attempts to capture in outline the main exchanges of the question-and-answer sessions, while at the same time doing justice to the broad interdisciplinary spirit that characterized the event.
Effective casework practice with adolescents: perspectives of statutory child protection practitioners
Authors: Schmied Virginia , Walsh Peter 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTMany child protection practitioners struggle with the complexity of problems and the limited casework time for adolescent cases. However, there is little research on child protection practice or case management that can guide a practitioner working with adolescents in the child protection system. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the nature of effective child protection practice with adolescents from the perspective of statutory child protection practitioners in one state in Australia. Data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews with child protection practitioners and managers currently working with adolescents (n= 44). A grounded theory approach was used to identify the dominant themes or categories and form linkages and relationships through constant comparison techniques. Seven key categories emerged from this analysis: characteristics of the young person and their family; ‘walking it together’– the centrality of relationships; ‘looking back/looking forward’– practice strategies; practitioner attributes and skills; ‘walking a fine line’– working with the families of adolescents; ‘walking with services’– effective inter‐agency work; and organizational context in effective child protection practice with adolescents. Key implications for practice and areas for further research were discussed.
Longevity of seeds of Poa trivialis and Vulpia myuros as affected by simulated soil tillage practices and straw disposal technique
Authors: Jensen P. K. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn grass‐seed production, the purity of the product is of high importance and a main issue in an integrated strategy is to reduce or eliminate the seedbank of species which are both difficult or impossible to control in a future grass‐seed crop, and also difficult to separate from the cultivated species. This study investigated the influence of different simulated soil‐tillage practices on persistence of seeds of the two grass species, Poa trivialis and Vulpia myuros, under field conditions. Leaving seeds of the two species at the soil surface reduced the survival of seeds to low levels compared with strategies that involved incorporation of the seeds shortly after seed‐shedding. Persistence of P. trivialis seeds increased with increasing depth of incorporation whereas this relationship was more variable for V. myuros. It was concluded that soil‐tillage strategies that leave the seeds at the soil surface for 1–2 months reduced the survival of seeds of the two species to low levels compared with strategies that involved a deep incorporation of the seeds shortly after seed‐shedding. The study also investigated the possibilities of using the stale seedbed technique to reduce the seedbank of these two species in the autumn ahead of a spring‐established grass‐seed crop. This method was found to be very effective in reducing the potential risk of contamination from this source. Finally, the study confirmed that P. trivialis has very persistent seeds whereas the persistence of seeds of V. myuros is limited.
Nutritive value of herbage of five semi‐irrigated pasture species across an irrigation gradient
Authors: Jensen K. B. , Waldron B. L. , Peel M. D. , Robins J. G. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAs water resources become limiting, the need to produce stable amounts of herbage with a high nutritive value increases. An understanding of how levels of irrigation affect crude protein (CP) and neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF) concentrations and, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), is critical in the management of pastures. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), prairiegrass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth), hybrid‐bromegrass [meadow (Bromus riparius Rehm.) × smooth bromegrass], creeping foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir.) and RS wheatgrass (Elymus hoffmannii Jensen & Asay) were established under a line‐source irrigation system to evaluate the effect of five water levels and three harvest dates on concentrations of CP and NDF, and values of IVTD. With CP concentration of herbage, there were positive linear significant relationships with decreasing water levels for all species. Rankings for mean CP concentrations across water levels and harvest dates were smooth bromegrass > RS wheatgrass > hybrid‐bromegrass > creeping foxtail > prairiegrass. No consistent relationships with IVTD across water levels were detected among the species. Averaged across water levels, harvest dates and years, smooth bromegrass, hybrid‐bromegrass and creeping foxtail had significantly higher IVTD values than RS wheatgrass and prairiegrass. Rankings of mean NDF concentrations across water levels and harvest dates combined over years were prairiegrass > RS wheatgrass > hybrid‐bromegrass > creeping foxtail > smooth bromegrass. Herbage of smooth bromegrass had higher IVTD values and lower NDF concentrations than hybrid‐bromegrass, prairiegrass, creeping foxtail and RS‐hybrid at all water levels.
Decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with inflammation and insulin resistance in non‐diabetic haemodialysis patients
Authors: PENG YU‐SEN , CHIU YEN‐LING , CHEN HUNG‐YUAN , YANG JU‐YEH , LAI CHUN‐FU , HSU SHIH‐PING , PAI MEI‐FEN 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  Lower serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is associated with inflammation, insulin resistance and poor cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. However, in a large‐scale study, the association between HDL and survival in haemodialysis patients was not present. The exact cause of lack of HDL‐C protection in the dialysis population is still obscure.Methods:  A total of 89 stable non‐diabetic haemodialysis patients were recruited. Fasting serum biochemical parameters, complete blood counts and inflammatory markers were obtained before the mid‐week dialysis. Insulin resistance was assessed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA‐IR).Results:  The mean age was 58.2 ± 13.1 years, 37 (41.6%) patients were male. The mean HDL‐C level was 56.3 ± 17.1 mg/dL. By bivariate correlation analysis, a lower serum HDL‐C level was related to higher body mass index (r = −0.425; P < 0.001), higher triglyceride (r = −0.479; P < 0.001) and higher HOMA‐IR (r = −0.211; P < 0.05) levels. The serum HDL‐C level was also inversely related to high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = −0.297; P = 0.005) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (r = −0.295; P = 0.005) and directly correlated with adiponectin (r = 0.560; P < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, HDL‐C was found to be directly correlated with adiponectin (β‐coefficient = 0.569; P < 0.001) and inversely correlated with TNF‐α (β‐coefficient = −0.292; P = 0.001).Conclusion:  A strong association between HDL‐C, inflammatory surrogates, and insulin resistance in this non‐diabetic, non‐obese haemodialysis patient group is demonstrated. The HDL‐C level is still a good parameter to screen high‐risk patients.
A method for determining the fatigue critical plane for biaxial random vibration in the frequency domain
Authors: MCNEILL S. I. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a direct method to determine the critical plane orientation for biaxial random vibration. The critical plane is obtained by finding the direction that maximizes the normal stress variance. It is found that the shear stress is uncorrelated with the normal stress in this orientation. Furthermore, the direction of maximal normal stress is shown to coincide with the principal direction in the case of proportional stress components. Spectral fatigue damage methods proposed in recent literature involve a Monte Carlo enumeration step to find the critical plane orientation. By using the proposed technique, computationally expensive enumeration methods are avoided and greater accuracy in the fatigue damage estimate may result.
The effects of submerged aquatic vegetation on the persistence of environmental populations of Enterococcus spp.
Authors: Badgley Brian D. , Thomas Florence I. M. , Harwood Valerie J. 
Published: February 2010

Summary Enterococcus spp. are utilized worldwide as faecal indicator bacteria, but certain strains exhibit extended survival in environmental habitats and the factors influencing their persistence are poorly understood. We used flowing freshwater mesocosms to explore the effect of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) on the persistence of natural enterococci populations from a subtropical lake. The highest mean densities of culturable enterococci over 2 weeks occurred in SAV [8.6 × 102 colony‐forming units (cfu) per 100 g wet weight], followed by sediments (1.3 × 102 cfu per 100 g) and water (18 cfu per 100 ml). However, due to relative differences in the total mass of each substrate in the entire system (water > sediments > SAV), SAV‐associated enterococci represented only a minor proportion of the total population. Vegetated mesocosms harboured significantly higher mean cfu per mesocosm and cfu densities in sediments compared with their unvegetated counterparts, suggesting that SAV indirectly facilitates persistence in aquatic habitats. Populations were dominated (> 96%) by a single Enterococcus casseliflavus strain according to BOX‐PCR genotyping, which did not change over the 10‐month study and strongly suggests bacterial replication in the lake. The presence of such strains in the environment may represent highly competitive, naturalized and reproducing indicator bacteria populations that are not directly related to pollution events.