bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Ingredient Containing Apple Peel, as a Source of Polyphenols and Dietary Fiber
Authors: Henríquez Carolina , Speisky Hernán , Chiffelle Italo , Valenzuela Tania , Araya Manuel , Simpson Ricardo , Almonacid Sergio 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  Apple peel is a waste product from dried apple manufacture. The content of phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and mineral are higher in apple peel, compared to other edible parts of this fruits. The objective of this study was to develop an ingredient from Granny Smith apple peel, using a pilot scale double drum‐dryer, as drying technology. The control of all steps to maximize the retention of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber was considered. Operational conditions, such as drying temperature and time were determined, as well as important preprocessing steps like grinding and PPO inhibition. In addition, the physical–chemical characteristics, mineral and sugar content, and technological functional properties such as water retention capacity, solubility index, and dispersability among others, were analyzed. A simple, economical, and suitable pilot scale process, to produce a powder ingredient from apple peel by‐product, was obtained. The drying process includes the application of ascorbic acid at 0.5% in the fresh apple peel slurry, drum‐dryer operational conditions were 110 °C, 0.15 rpm and 0.2 mm drum clearance. The ingredient developed could be considered as a source of phenolic compounds (38.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry base) and dietary fiber (39.7% dry base) in the formulation of foods.Practical Application:  A method to develop an ingredient from Granny Smith apple peel using a pilot scale double drum‐dryer as drying technology was developed. The method is simple, economical, feasible, and suitable and maximizes the retention of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber present in the raw matter. The ingredient could be used in the formulation of foods.
Robust Hepatitis B Virus Genotyping by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ganova-Raeva L. , Ramachandran S. , Honisch C. , Forbi J. C. , Zhai X. , Khudyakov Y. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTGenotyping of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is important for tracking HBV infections, prognosticating the development of severe liver disease, and predicting outcomes of therapy. Current genotyping methods can be laborious and costly and rely on subjective data interpretation. To identify less expensive but equally reliable alternatives, we compared “gold standard” sequencing to a novel mass spectrometry approach. Sera from individuals with acute or chronic HBV infection (n= 756), representing all genotypes, were used to PCR amplify the HBV S gene. All amplicons were subjected to base-specific cleavage and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The resulting mass peak patterns were used to identify HBV genotype by automated comparison to peak patterns simulated from reference sets of HBV sequences of known genotypes. The MALDI-TOF MS data and phylogenetic analysis of HBV sequences produced completely concordant results. Several parameters such as genetic relatedness of tested HBV variants to the reference set, chronic infections, and the quality of PCR products can lower the MS score but never affected the accuracy of the genotype call. This new streamlined MS-based method provides for rapid and accurate HBV genotyping, produces automated data reports, and is therefore suitable for routine use in diagnostic settings.
secA1
Gene Sequence Polymorphisms for Species Identification of
Nocardia
Species and Recognition of Intraspecies Genetic Diversity
Authors: Kong Fanrong , Wang Huiping , Zhang Erqing , Sintchenko Vitali , Xiao Meng , Sorrell Tania C. , Chen Xiaoyou , Chen Sharon C.-A. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

Sequence analysis of the
Nocardia
essential secretory protein SecA1 gene (
secA1
) for species identification of 120 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and clinical isolates of
Nocardia
(16 species) was studied in comparison with 5′-end 606-bp 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Species determination by both methods was concordant for all 10 ATCC strains.
secA1
gene sequencing provided the same species identification as 16S rRNA gene analysis for 94/110 (85.5%) clinical isolates. However, 40 (42.6%) isolates had sequences with <99.0% similarity to archived
secA1
sequences for the species, including 29
Nocardia cyriacigeorgica
(96.6 to 98.9% similarity) and 4
Nocardia veterana
(91.5 to 98.9% similarity) strains. Discrepant species identification was obtained for 16 (14.5%) clinical isolates, including 13/23
Nocardia nova
strains (identified as various
Nocardia
species by
secA1
sequencing) and 1 isolate each of
Nocardia abscessus
(identified as
Nocardia asiatica
),
Nocardia elegans
(
Nocardia africana
), and
Nocardia transvalensis
(
Nocardia blacklockiae
); both
secA1
gene sequence analysis and deduced amino acid sequence analysis determined the species to be different from those assigned by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The
secA1
locus showed high sequence diversity (66 sequence or genetic types versus 40 16S rRNA gene sequence types), which was highest for
N. nova
(14
secA1
sequence types), followed by
Nocardia farcinica
and
N. veterana
(
n
= 7 each); there was only a single sequence type among eight
Nocardia paucivorans
strains. The
secA1
locus has potential for species identification as an adjunct to 16S rRNA gene sequencing but requires additional deduced amino acid sequence analysis. It may be a suitable marker for phylogenetic/subtyping studies.
In Vitro
Selection of Highly Darunavir-Resistant and Replication-Competent HIV-1 Variants by Using a Mixture of Clinical HIV-1 Isolates Resistant to Multiple Conventional Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Koh Yasuhiro , Amano Masayuki , Towata Tomomi , Danish Matthew , Leshchenko-Yashchuk Sofiya , Das Debananda , Nakayama Maki , Tojo Yasushi , Ghosh Arun K. , Mitsuya Hiroaki 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT

We attempted to select HIV-1 variants resistant to darunavir (DRV), which potently inhibits the enzymatic activity and dimerization of protease and has a high genetic barrier to HIV-1 development of resistance to DRV. We conducted selection using a mixture of 8 highly multi-protease inhibitor (PI)-resistant, DRV-susceptible clinical HIV-1 variants (HIV-1
MIX
) containing 9 to 14 PI resistance-associated amino acid substitutions in protease. HIV-1
MIX
became highly resistant to DRV, with a 50% effective concentration (EC
50
) ∼333-fold greater than that against HIV-1
NL4-3
. HIV-1
MIX
at passage 51 (HIV-1

MIX
P51

) replicated well in the presence of 5 μM DRV and contained 14 mutations. HIV-1

MIX
P51

was highly resistant to amprenavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, lopinavir, and atazanavir and moderately resistant to saquinavir and tipranavir. HIV-1

MIX
P51

had a resemblance with HIV-1
C
of the HIV-1
MIX
population, and selection using HIV-1
C
was also performed; however, its DRV resistance acquisition was substantially delayed. The H219Q and I223V substitutions in Gag, lacking in HIV-1

C
P51

, likely contributed to conferring a replication advantage on HIV-1

MIX
P51

by reducing intravirion cyclophilin A content. HIV-1

MIX
P51

apparently acquired the substitutions from another HIV-1 strain(s) of HIV-1
MIX
through possible homologous recombination. The present data suggest that the use of multiple drug-resistant HIV-1 isolates is of utility in selecting drug-resistant variants and that DRV would not easily permit HIV-1 to develop significant resistance; however, HIV-1 can develop high levels of DRV resistance when a variety of PI-resistant HIV-1 strains are generated, as seen in patients experiencing sequential PI failure, and ensuing homologous recombination takes place. HIV-1

MIX
P51

should be useful in elucidating the mechanisms of HIV-1 resistance to DRV and related agents.
Cytotoxicity of ORF3 Proteins from a Nonpathogenic and a Pathogenic Porcine Circovirus
Authors: Chaiyakul Mark , Hsu Karolynn , Dardari Rkia , Marshall Frank , Czub Markus 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACT
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection is associated with significant and serious swine diseases worldwide, while PCV1 appears to be a nonpathogenic virus. Previous studies demonstrated that the ORF3 protein of PCV2 (PCV2ORF3) was involved in PCV2 pathogenesis via its proapoptotic capability (J. Liu, I. Chen, Q. Du, H. Chua, and J. Kwang, J. Virol. 80:5065-5073, 2006). If PCV2ORF3-induced apoptosis is a determinant of virulence, PCV1ORF3 is hypothesized to lack this ability. The properties of PCV1 and PCV2 ORF3, expressed as fusion proteins to an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), were characterized with regard to their ability to cause cellular morphological changes, detachment, death, and apoptosis. PCV1ORF3 significantly induced more apoptotic cell death and was toxic to more different cell types than PCV2ORF3 was. PCV1ORF3-associated cell death was caspase dependent. PCV1ORF3 also induced poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP) cleavage; however, whether PARP was involved in cell death requires further studies. Truncation of PCV1 and elongation of PCV2 ORF3 proteins revealed that the first 104 amino acids contain a domain capable of inducing cell death, whereas the C terminus of PCV1ORF3 contains a domain possibly responsible for enhancing cell death. These results suggest that the pathogenicity of PCV2 for pigs is either not determined or not solely determined by the ORF3 protein.
Synergistic Antitumor Activity of Sorafenib in Combination with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Colorectal and Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Martinelli Erika , Troiani Teresa , Morgillo Floriana , Rodolico Gabriella , Vitagliano Donata , Morelli Maria Pia , Tuccillo Concetta , Vecchione Loredana , Capasso Anna , Orditura Michele , De Vita Ferdinando , Eckhardt S. Gail , Santoro Massimo , Berrino Liberato , Ciardiello Fortunato 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Purpose: Cancer cell survival, invasion, and metastasis depend on cancer cell proliferation and on tumor-induced angiogenesis. We evaluated the efficacy of the combination of sorafenib and erlotinib or cetuximab.
Experimental Design: Sorafenib, erlotinib, and cetuximab, alone or in combination, were tested in vitro in a panel of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer cell lines and in vivo in H1299 tumor xenografts.
Results: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand mRNAs were expressed in all NSCLC and colorectal cancer cell lines with variable levels ranging from 0.4- to 8.1-fold as compared with GEO colorectal cancer cells. Lung cancer cells had the highest levels of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) A, B, and C, and of VEGF receptors as compared with colorectal cancer cells.
Combined treatments of sorafenib with erlotinib or cetuximab produced combination index values between 0.02 and 0.5, suggesting a significant synergistic activity to inhibit soft agar colony formation in all cancer cell lines, which was accompanied by a marked blockade in mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT signals. The in vitro migration of H1299 cells, which expressed high levels of both VEGF ligands and receptors, was inhibited by treatment with sorafenib, and this effect was significantly increased by the combination with anti-EGFR drugs. In nude mice bearing established human H1299 xenografts, treatment with the combination of sorafenib and erlotinib or cetuximab caused a significant tumor growth delay resulting in 70 to 90 days increase in mice median overall survival as compared with single-agent sorafenib treatment.
Conclusions: Combination treatment with sorafenib and erlotinib or cetuximab has synergistic antitumor effects in human colorectal and lung cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 16(20); 4990–5001. ©2010 AACR.
Development of Facile Synthetic Methods of Carbon Nanotubes Using a Domestic Microwave Oven
Authors: Takagaki Yusaku , Nguyen-Tran Huy-Danh , Ohta Kazuchika 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
We succeeded in the development of two facile synthetic methods of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by using a domestic microwave oven and a commercially available small microwave furnace from Art Box™. Our handmade apparatus was cheap and the synthesis of the CNTs took only 5 min. Interestingly, we could selectively synthesize the magnetic nickel-containing CNTs and non-magnetic nickel-free CNTs by our two developed methods.
Calculation of One-Electron Multicenter Integrals of Slater Type Orbitals and Coulomb–Yukawa Like Correlated Interaction Potentials with Integer and Noninteger Indices Using Unsymmetrical One-Range Addition Theorems
Authors: Guseinov I I , Mamedov B A 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Using expansion formulae for multicenter charge densities of integer and noninteger n Slater type orbitals (ISTO and NISTO) established by one of the authors with the help of unsymmetrical one-range addition theorems of complete orthonormal sets of Ψα-exponential type orbitals (Ψα-ETO), where α is the frictional quantum numbers (α = 1,0, - 1, - 2, … ), we perform the calculations for one-electron multicenter integrals of Slater type orbitals (STO) and Coulomb–Yukawa like correlated interaction potentials (CIP) with integer and noninteger indices (ICIP and NICIP). The convergence of the series is tested by calculating concrete cases for arbitrary values of indices and screening constants of orbitals and potentials. It should be noted that the results for one-electron multicenter integrals presented in this work were not shown in our previous publications. As an example of application, the calculations are performed for the ground state of electronic configuration of molecule BH2 that has the open shell.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on D–π–A Fluorescent Dyes with Pyridine Ring Forming Strong Interaction with Nanocrystalline TiO2
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Nagano Tomoya , Inoue Shogo , Imae Ichiro , Komaguchi Kenji , Harima Yutaka 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
New-type donor–acceptor π-conjugated (D–π–A) fluorescent dyes OH11, OH14, and OH15 with pyridine, 4-phenylpyridine, and quinoline rings, respectively, as electron-accepting groups have been developed and their photovoltaic performance as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are investigated. The short-circuit photocurrent densities (Jsc) of DSSCs using OH11, OH14, and OH15 are 4.88, 3.91, and 1.72 mA cm−2, and the solar energy-to-electricity conversion yields (η) are 1.62, 1.30, and 0.56%, respectively, under a simulated solar light (AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2). The IR spectra of OH11 and OH14 adsorbed on TiO2 indicate the formation of hydrogen bonding between the pyridine ring of dyes and the hydroxy group of TiO2 surface and the formation of strong coordinate bonding between the pyridine ring of dyes and the Lewis acid site of TiO2 surface. On the other hand, in the IR spectra of OH15 adsorbed on TiO2, only the formation of weak hydrogen bonding was observed. This work suggests that the pyridine rings forming a strong coordinate bonding with the Lewis acid site of TiO2 surface are promising candidates as electron-accepting groups of new D–π–A dye sensitizers for DSSCs.
Ein Mikrowellensensornetzwerk zur räumlichen Fahrzeug-zu-Fahrzeug- und Fahrzeug-zu-Infrastruktur-Ortung
Authors: Ebelt Randolf , Millner Hendrik , Vossiek Martin 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel wird ein System und Verfahren zur funkbasierten Vermessung der relativen räumlichen Position und Ausrichtung von Fahrzeugen untereinander und von Fahrzeugen relativ zu einer Infrastruktur vorgestellt. Ausgehend von einer Menge gemessener und a priori bekannter eindimensionaler Distanzen berechnet ein auf multidimensionaler Skalierung beruhender Algorithmus die räumliche Struktur des gesamten Sensornetzes. Der Ansatz wird anhand einer prototypischen Fahrzeugortungsanwendung demonstriert.
Hybrid White Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) Processed by Organic Vapor Phase Deposition
Authors: Boesing Manuel , Lindla Florian , Zimmermann Christoph , van Gemmern Philipp , Bertram Dietrich , Keiper Dietmar , Meyer Nico , Heuken M. , Kalisch Holger , Jansen R. H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWhite OLED consisting of a fluorescent blue emissive layer combined with a phosphorescent green and a phosphorescent red emissive layer were processed by means of Organic Vapor Phase Deposition (OVPD). Different concepts to tune the color coordinates of the device are discussed with respect to the luminous efficiency. Furthermore, the influence of device aging on the emitted spectrum is being investigated by means of spectrally resolved lifetime measurements.
Synthesis and characterization of donor-acceptor perylene based copolymers
Authors: Kozma Erika , Munno Filomena , Kotowski Dariusz , Bertini Fabio , Luzzati Silvia , Catellani Marinella 
Published: September 2010

AbstractTwo donor-acceptor copolymers containing perylene diimide and oligothiophenes linked through triple bonds have been designed and synthesized by palladium catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. The introduction of the triple bond spacer between the electron-acceptor perylene moieties and the electron donating oligothiophene moieties produces an extended conjugation along the main chain, and produces soluble and high molecular weight copolymers.The thermal, optical and electrochemical properties of these copolymers were examined. The HOMO-LUMO energy levels of these copolymers, along with the photoinduced charge transfer process, probed by photoluminescence quenching and by FTIR photoinduced absorption spectroscopy, in blends with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), indicate that they are suitable materials for application as electron acceptor and n-type components in bulk heterojunction solar cells with P3HT.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Pure and Cobalt-Doped Nanocrystalline Bismuth Ferrite
Authors: Montes Gina M , Perales-Perez Oscar , Rentería Boris , Gálvez Marco 
Published: September 2010

AbstractApplications of nanocrystalline multiferroics in sensor development, massive memory storage or in the fabrication of new devices taking advantage of the electron charge and spin explains the need of investigating various options to synthesize these types of materials. Among promising candidates, Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) is a multiferroic material that exhibits ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity. The present research is focused on the systematic study of the polyol synthesis of substrate-less nanocrystalline BiFeO3 particles and its structural and magnetic characterization. As an attempt to explore the possibility of tuning the ferrite magnetic properties, host BiFeO3 was doped with cobalt ions in the 5at. % -10at. % range. Our results suggested that the ferrite formation and its properties were strongly dependent on both, the annealing conditions of the precursors and the concentration of cobalt species. Well-crystallized pure BiFeO3 was produced after annealing the precursor powders for one hour at 800oC. Doping with cobalt ions lowered the temperature at which the nanocrystalline BiFeO3 host structure was developed. The saturation magnetization and coercivity in the nanocrystalline ferrite were strongly influenced by the selected annealing temperatures and dopant concentration. These magnetic parameters varied from 0.30 emu/g and 109.5 Oe up to 4.2 emu/g and 988 Oe for pure and 10 at % Co-doped ferrite, respectively.
CuO nanowire–Co3O4 nanoparticle heterostructures and their vertically aligned and horizontally suspended architectures
Authors: Shi Wenwu , Chopra Nitin 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWell-controlled architectures (aligned or horizontally suspended) of CuO nanowire (average diameter ~75±18 nm)-Co3O4 nanoparticle (average diameter ~7±1 nm) heterostructures were fabricated in a simple and surfactant-free growth approach. This approach coupled microfabrication methods with a thermal growth method and wet-coating technique. The fabricated heterostructures were characterized by high resolution electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for their size, morphology, phases, interfaces, and composition of heterostructures. Finally, CuO nanowire–Cox3O4 nanoparticle heterostructures were utilized as photocatalyst to degrade organic dye (methyl orange) under a wide range of wavelengths (from UV, 265 nm, to visible region, 580 nm).
Antireflective Optical Properties of Colloidal Subwavelength Nanostructured Surfaces
Authors: Liu Bo-Tau , Tang Sheng-Jie 
Published: September 2010

AbstractColloidal subwavelength nanostructured surfaces were fabricated by the deposition of uniform silica nanoparticles on a glass substrate by means of electrostatic attraction between charged colloidal particles and charged polyelectrolyte multilayers. The effects of surface morphology via the variation of nanoparticles on the antireflective properties of the nanostructured surfaces were investigated by the analysis of the reflection spectra and the SEM images. The Maxwell's equations were solved by a rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) to evaluate the experimental results. It was found that the reflective properties revealed by the simulation analysis were similar to the experimental results. The nanostructured surfaces with particles of ~120 nm in diameter yielded the most suitable performance for antireflection with respect to the visible-light region. In addition, the nanostructured surfaces showed the good anti-scratch when the nanoparticles were bound by polyethoxysiloxane.
The Properties of Silica and Hybrid Nanostructures
Authors: Shalav Avi , Elliman Robert , Kim Taehyun 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSiOx nanowires can be grown via the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism using SiO vapor produced during the active oxidation of a Si substrate. The as-grown SiOx nanowire have a range of useful physical properties but can also be used as large surface area substrates for the growth of secondary materials. In this study we report the use of optically active impurities to grow and dope secondary nanowire structures, and the use of simple coating methods to enhance and extend the functionality of these unique nanowire substrates.