bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tentorial Cavernous Angioma with Calcification in a Neonate
Authors: Moritake Kouzo , Handa Hajime , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Tomiwa Kiyotaka 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A cavernous angioma of the tentorium cerebelli, first disclosed by perinatal serial ultrasonographic studies, was extirpated totally without remarkable neurological deficit in a neonate. The tumor was accompanied by a calcified expansive hematoma in the posterior fossa. To our knowledge, this is the first case not only of cavernous angioma treated surgically and verified histologically in a neonate, but also of a calcified hematoma revealed on a conventional skull x-ray film at birth, This case suggests the possibility of hemorrhage from intracranial cavernous angioma early in life, even prenatally, and emphasizes the necessity for early diagnosis and early treatment of intracranial cavernous angiomas.
Hemorrhagic Complications after the Lumbar Injection of Chymopapain
Authors: Buchman Aron , Wright Robert B. , Wichter Melvin D. , Whisler Walter W. , Bosch Albert 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
There are few reports of hemorrhagic central nervous system complications after chymopapain injection in humans. Two patients are reported who developed hemorrhagic complications after the lumbar injection of chymopapain. The first developed a hemorrhagic encephalomyelopathy followed by clinically suspected acute arachnoiditis, which responded to high doses of dexamethasone. The second patient developed subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to vertebral artery aneurysm rupture after the injection of chymopapain.
Postoperative Prophylactic Anticonvulsant Therapy in Cerebral Gliomas
Authors: Boarini David J. , Beck David W. , VanGilder John C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic anticonvulsants in preventing seizures in 68 patients with supratentorial astrocytomas who had been treated with operation and irradiation and who had no previous history of convulsions. Thirty-three patients received prophylactic anticonvulsants and 38 patients did not. The incidence of all types of seizures (generalized convulsions or partial) was lower in patients receiving anticonvulsants. No seizures with an impairment of consciousness occurred in the patients with documented therapeutic anticonvulsant blood levels. The overall incidence of seizures was 39% in untreated patients and 21% in treated patients. The incidence of major seizures including tonic/clonic or partial complex seizures with impairment of consciousness was zero in patients with therapeutic anticonvulsant levels and 18% in untreated patients. Regarding the overall incidence of seizures in both groups, there tend to be fewer seizures in older patients, females, patients with a higher grade of malignancy, and patients who had a more radical resection of the tumor. This study suggests that seizures are a frequent occurrence after operation and irradiation for supratentorial glioma and that anticonvulsants may be effective in reducing the incidence of those seizures.
Resistance to Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined by Bolus Injection Technique and Constant Rate Steady State Infusion in Humans
Authors: Kosteljanetz Michael 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Two methods for the determination of resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the bolus injection technique and the constant rate steady state infusion technique, were compared. Thirty-two patients with a variety of intracranial diseases (usually communicating hydrocephalus) were studied. There was a high degree of correlation between the resistance values obtained with the two methods, but values based on the bolus injection technique were systematically and statistically significantly lower than those obtained with the constant rate infusion test. From a practical point of view. both methods were found to be applicable in a clinical setting.
Papilledema after Acute Head Injury
Authors: Selhorst John B. , Gudeman Steven K. , Butterworth John F. , Harbison John W. , Miller J. Douglas , Becker Donald P. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Low grade papilledema after acute, severe head injury was identified in 15 (3.5%) of 426 patients. Papilledema was recognized immediately after head injury in 1 patient, during the 1st week in 10 patients, and in the 2nd week or after in 4 patients. Initial computed tomographic scans showed evidence of brain injury in 11 of these patients. The intracranial pressure (ICP) was monitored continuously for 3 or more days in 9 patients; it was mildly elevated (20 to 40 mm Hg) in 7 patients and moderately elevated (40 to 60 mn Hg) in 2 patients. Intracranial hypertension was controllable in each patient. A sudden, severe, but transient increase in ICP best explained the immediate development of papilledema and survival of 1 patient. Sustained but mild to moderately elevated ICP accounted for papilledema appearing in the 1st week. Papilledema in the 2nd week or after occurred from impaired cerebrospinal fluid absorption and consequent communicating hydrocephalus or delayed focal or diffuse cerebral swelling. A lesser degree of head injury in patients with posttraumatic papilledema was suggested by a higher Glasgow coma score, milder and controllable elevations in ICP, and the absence of any fatality in this group. The favorable outcome was significant compared to the mortality of the more severely injured patients (chi square-4.327; p &lt; 0.04). Papilledema did not occur in 6 patients with sustained, severely elevated ICP(&gt;60 mm Hg) for 3 or more days. Each of these patients died. The Severity of the trauma apparently accounts for the failure of pailledema to develop, possibly by arresting exoplasmic production and transport in retinal nerve fibers.
Leiomyosarcoma Metastatic to the Brain: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Feeney John J. , Popek Edwina J. , Bergman William C. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
An intracerebral hematoma (ICH) developed in a patient during diagnostic evaluation for hemoptysis and guaiac-positive stools. Tissue obtained from colonic polyps, a pregastric mass, and cerebrum had features of poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma. Only three other cases of pathologically confirmed cerebral metastasis of leiomyosarcoma are reported in the literature. The presence of cerebral metastasis at the time of the initial diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma and the associated ICH are features unique to this case.
Thoracic Spinal Angiomyolipoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: von Hanwehr Roger , Apuzzo Michael L. J. , Ahmadi Jamshid , Chandrasoma Parakrama 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A rare case of thoracic spinal angiomyolipoma presenting with evidence of vertebral body infiltration and concurrent epidural spinal cord compression is described. Clinicopathological correlates, aspects of radiological diagnosis, considerations for surgical management, and histopathological features denoting possible unique attributes of biological behavior for this entity are discussed in conjunction with a review of the previous literature on angiolipomas in general.
Surgical Approaches to Intraventricular Meningiomas of the Trigone
Authors: Jun Cecil L. , Nutik Stephen L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of a large intraventricular meningioma of the trigone is described. The tumor was removed by the transcallosal route. The neuropsychological sequelae of this approach are discussed. The value of other surgical approaches for meningiomas of the trigone is reviewed. The transcallosal approach originally described by Kempe and Blaylock is highly recommended.
Microdiscectomy versus Chemonucleolysis
Authors: Maroon Joseph C. , Abla Adnan 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A retrospective analysis of 50 consecutive patients treated with chemonucleolysis and 50 treated with microlumbar discectomy was carried out. Similar clinical criteria for the diagnosis of “virgin” herniated lumbar discs were used. All patients had low back or radicular pain unrelieved by a minimum of 4 weeks of conservative therapy. Physical findings included a positive straight leg raising sign, weakness of the appropriate muscle groups, and a sensory loss or evidence of depressed reflexes. All had myelograms or computed tomographic scans demonstrating an extradural defect. Compensation cases were eliminated. Results demonstrated a 90% marked improvement in the microdiscectomy category and a 58% marked improvement in the chemonucleolysis group. Four per cent of the microdiscectomy patients were unimproved, and 18% of the chemonucleolysis group required a subsequent surgical procedure. The average postoperative hospital stay was 3 days for both groups. Because of the necessity for reoperations in the chemonucleolysis group, chemonucleolysis seemed less cost-effective than microdiscectomy.
Symptomatic Anterior Spinal Arachnoid Diverticulum
Authors: Chan Richard C. , Thompson Gordon B. , Bratty Paul J. A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors report a case of symptomatic arachnoid diverticulum, which was located anterior to the spinal cord and covered the entire length of the spinal canal. The patient underwent cervical laminectomy and cystoperitoneal shunting with subsequent neurological improvement. The causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of spinal arachnoid diverticulum are discussed.
Traumatic Aneurysm of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Caused by Fracture of the Clivus
Authors: Meguro Kotoo , Rowed David W. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors present a case of traumatic aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery produced by fracture of the clivus. Varieties of clival fractures reported in the literature are reviewed. Associated basilar or carotid arterial lesions have been reported, but traumatic aneurysm, so far as we are aware, has not. The authors emphasize the importance of a high index of suspicion of undetected traumatic intracranial aneurysm when an unusual amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage is noted on the initial computed tomographic scan, particularly if associated with displaced basal skull fracture.
Intracerebral Hematoma Secondary to Lightning Stroke: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Stanley Lowell D. , Suss Richard A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A young boy sustained a lightning stroke to his head. He was rendered immediately unconscious and hemiplegic. Computed tomography revealed three discrete basal ganglia hematomas. This patient's management is discussed, and a review of lightning injuries to the central nervous system is presented.
Malignant Teratoma of the Optic Nerve: Case Report
Authors: Samii Madjid , Ramina Ricardo , Koch Gesine , Reusche Erich 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
An unusual case of a malignant teratoma of the right optic nerve with extension into the chiasm is presented. The preoperative diagnosis was difficult to establish. Complete removal of the lesion with postoperative irradiation was carried out. Eight months after the operation, the patient developed subarachnoid metastases by the cerebrospinal fluid pathway as well as systemic metastases and died. No local recurrence of the tumor was seen at autopsy. The therapeutic possibilities for these lesions are discussed.
Complications of Use of the Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser in Neurosurgery
Authors: Jain K.K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Review of the clinical records of 32 patients who underwent operation for brain tumors with the use of the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser during a 4-month period revealed 5 cases of complications related to laser use. One death was presumed to be due to intratumor explosion (the popcorn effect) after excessive Nd:YAG laser application. The other death was due to heat necrosis of the brain stem after radiation of an ependymoma of the 4th ventricle. Two patients suffered neurological deficits. One had facial palsy after radiation of the site of attachment of a meningioma to the petrous bone. The other suffered aphasia and hemiparesis due to heat damage to the cerebral cortex after laser coagulation of the overlying dura mater. The fifth patient suffered postoperative hemorrhage in a residual necrotic chromophobe adenoma after a transsphenoidal approach using the Nd:YAG laser. These complications are preventable. Suggestions are made for the safe use of this laser.
Anatomical Study of the Superficial Temporal Artery
Authors: Marano Stephen R. , Fischer Donald W. , Gaines Casey , Sonntag Volker K.H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Fifty consecutive human autopsy specimens were studied to determine the suitability of the superficial temporal artery (STA) for use in microvascular anastomoses. Ten variations of the STA were found. The STA at the zygoma averaged 2.2 mm in outside diameter. The STA averaged 31.7 mm from the zygoma to its bifurcation, where the average outside diameter was 1.9 mm. Eight per cent of the specimens had no bifurcation, and 92% had at least one branch in a frontal or parietal distribution that was ≥1 mm. A suitable frontal branch (i.e., ≥1 mm in diameter and ≥70 mm in length) was found in 90% of the specimens, and a suitable parietal branch was found in 71%. Six specimens (12%) had an additional branch, all of which were of suitable length and diameter. Eight per cent of the specimens lacked a vessel suitable for microvascular anastomosis.
Nonsurgical Management of Small and Intracanalicular Acoustic Tumors
Authors: Clark Craig W. , Moretz William H. , Acker James D. , Gardner Gale L. , Eggers Frank , Robertson Jon H. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Although surgical removal is generally regarded as the management strategy of choice for acoustic tumors, there remains a small group of patients usually with small or intracanalicular tumors in whom nonoperative management may be a desirable alternative to operation. The authors present a series of six such cases and discuss criteria that may aid in the selection of patients suitable for initial nonoperative management.
Intraventricular Primary Cerebral Neuroblastoma in Adults: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Pearl Gary S. , Takei Yoshio , Bakay Roy A.E. , Davis Patricia 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Primary cerebral neuroblastoma most often occurs in the cerebral parenchyma in children. When it occurs in adults, it is also described as an intraparenchymal neoplasm. We report three cases of primary cerebral neuroblastoma in adults presenting as an intraventricular mass.
Stereotactic Surgery for Mass Lesions of the Midbrain and Pons
Authors: Coffey Robert J. , Lunsford Dade L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Appropriate treatment for intracranial mass lesions depends upon accurate histological diagnosis. Although both advanced generation computed tomographic and magnetic resonance scanners can detect small lesions within the brain stem, only the combination of these advanced imaging tools with stereotactic instrumentation permits safe and accurate pathological diagnosis of such lesions. We present the results of 13 operations performed on 12 patients with mass lesions of the pons and mesencephalon. A definitive diagnosis was obtained in all patients. Aspiration of necrotic tumors (3 patients), neoplastic or benign cysts (2 patients), and chronic hematomas (2 patients) resulted in immediate neurological improvement in 7 of these 12 patients. No morbidity or mortality related to surgery occurred in this series. Both the preoperative clinical and radiographic diagnoses were erroneous in 6 patients so that accurate histological diagnosis indeed altered subsequent therapy. A transfrontal approach to the midbrain and a transcerebellar approach to the lateral pons are described. The importance of accurate diagnosis, the possibility of definitive therapy in selected patients, and the encouraging benefits and safety of stereotactic surgery indicate that empiric treatment of mass lesions of the midbrain and pons is no longer justified.
Hydromyelia Complicating Apert's Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Vollmer Dennis G. , Park T.S. , Cail Wayne S. , Jane John A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A 7-year-old boy with Apert's syndrome and hydrocephalus presented with scoliosis and lower extremity weakness. Neuroradiological evaluation demonstrated bony abnormalities involving the foramen magnum and a markedly hydromyelic spinal cord. Clinical improvement followed posterior fossa decompression and a myelotomy on the caudal conus medullaris. A possible role of the craniofacial anomaly in the pathogenesis of the hydromyelia is discussed.
Primary Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Central Nervous System: Case Report
Authors: Bradford Robert , Crockard Alan H. , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
A case of a primary rhabdom yosarcoma that appeared to be arising from the filum terminale in a 48-year-old man is reported. The histological diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma was supported using immunocytochemical methods. Twenty-two cases of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the central nervous system previously reported in the literature are reviewed briefly. The possible origin of these tumors from neuroectoderm is discussed. (Neurosurgery 17:101-104, 1985)
Surgical Considerations in the Initial Repair of Meningomyelocele and the Introduction of a Technical Modification
Authors: Venes Joan L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Tethering of the spinal cord has been increasingly recognized as a cause of late deterioration in the child with repaired meningomyelocele. Findings at reoperation include dense arachnoiditis, dermal inclusion cysts, fibrolipoma of the filum terminale, and, on occasion, foreign body granulomas. This article reviews four key steps in meningomyelocele repair and the guidelines for detection of surgically remediable lesions associated with this disorder. In addition, it proposes a modification of the standard dural closure that may reduce the incidence of contributory adhesive arachnoiditis by the creation of a capacious cerebrospinal fluid space about the neural plaque. (Neurosurgery 17:111-113, 1985)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Syringomyelia
Authors: Kokmen E. , Marsh W.R. , Baker H.L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Myelography and myelography assisted with computed tomography have been the most commonly used radiographic methods in the study of syringomyelia. These studies have never been entirely reliable in demonstrating the syrinx cavity and its relationship to other intracranial structures. During the 1st year of operation of the magnetic resonance imaging facility, the syringomyelic cavity was demonstrated in 15 patients who all had typical clinical signs and symptoms associated with syringomyelia. Nine cases were syringomyelia with Chiari malformation. One case showed additional hydrocephalus. Four cases were idiopathic, and 1 case was remotely posttraumatic. Magnetic resonance imaging, although it is in its infancy, already promises to be the most important radiographic technique for syringomyelia because it provides an anatomically truthful visualization of the sagittal plane of the cervical cord and can demonstrate the syrinx cavity and its relationship with the cerebellar tonsils, the 4th ventricle, and other related structures.
Myxomatous Degeneration of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
Authors: Beatty Robert A. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Sixteen patients were operated on for lumbar pain and pain radiating into the sciatic nerve distribution. In all 16, when the anulus fibrosus was incised, soft, gray disc material extruded under pressure like toothpaste being squeezed from a tube. This syndrome of myxomatous degeneration is a distinct entity, different from classical fibrotic disc degeneration or herniated nucleus pulposus. Surgical removal associated with partial facetectomy produced excellent results. The concept of incompetence of the anulus fibrosis is discussed.
Intracranial and Otological Presentation of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Nabors Michael W. , Narayan Raj K. , Poplack David G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors report a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia in hematological remission who presented with both intracranial and otological manifestations of the disease. The patient presented with clinical symptoms and computed tomographic findings consistent with otomastoiditis and a contiguous brain abscess. However, both lesions were identified at operation as leukemic infiltrates. Intracranial mass lesions and otological complications associated with leukemia are reviewed.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Due to a Cerebral Aneurysm at the Anastomotic Site between the Frontoorbital Artery and the Anterior Ethmoidal Artery: A Case Report
Authors: Enomoto Hitomi , Goto Hiroshi , Murase Mikio 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
The authors present a case of a ruptured saccular aneurysm at the anastomotic site between the left frontoorbital artery and the left anterior ethmoidal artery.
Methodology and Clinical Experience with Computed Tomography and a Computer-resident Stereotactic Atlas
Authors: Kall Bruce A. , Kelly Patrick J. , Goerss Stephan , Frieder Gideon 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
We have developed a computer-resident stereotactic atlas of the human brain that quantitatively defines subcortical structures within anatomical landmarks detected on obliquely reconstructed computed tomography (CT) slices. Horizontal stereotactic atlas sections can be stretched and contracted by polar transformation and labeled by a computer to fit within these CT scan-defined landmarks. The stereotactic coordinates of any substructure on the atlas-labeled CT slice may then be calculated by the computer and expressed in mechanical adjustments on a stereotactic surgical frame located in the operating room. We demonsrate the use of this method in the stereotactic treatment of movement disorders as an augmentation to conventional ventriculography and microelectrode recording.
Surgical Decompression of Anterior and Posterior Malignant Epidural Tumors Compressing the Spinal Cord: A Prospective Study
Authors: Siegal Tzony , Siegal Tali 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Of 167 episodes of spinal epidural neoplastic compression, 86 were treated by operation. The surgical approach was prospectively selected according to the location of the tumor in the spinal canal. Decompression was achieved by 61 vertebral body resections (VBRs) and by 25 laminectomies. The indications for operation were: (a) neurological relapse after previous radiotherapy, (b) the need to make a tissue diagnosis, (c) a radioresistant tumor, and (d) neurological deterioration during radiotherapy. Before VBR, 28% (17 of 61) were still able to walk, 51% (31 of 61) were pareparetic, and 21% (13 of 61) were paraplegic. Bowel and bladder dysfunction was present in 49% (30 of 61). After VBR, the outcome of only 57 procedures was available for evaluation because of the postoperative death of 4 patients. Eighty per cent (46 of 57) were able to walk, 18% (10 of 57) were paraparetic, and 2% (1 of 57) were paraplegic. Ninety-three per cent had normal sphincter control. Before laminectomy, 8% (2 of 25) were ambulatory, 84% (21 of 25) were paraparetic, and 8% (2 of 25) were paraplegic. Bowel and bladder dysfunction was present in 76% (19 of 25). After laminectomy, only 23 procedures were evaluated because of the postoperative death of 2 patients. Thirty-nine per cent (9 of 23) were ambulatory, 35% (8 of 23) were paraparetic, and 26% (6 of 23) were paraplegic. Fifty-seven per cent regained normal sphincter control. The operative mortality was 7% (4 of 61) in VBR and 8% (2 of 25) in laminectomy. The surgical morbidity was 11% (7 of 61) in VBR and 28% (7 of 25) in laminectomy, mainly delayed wound healing. Neurological worsening as a result of laminectomy occurred in 20% (5 of 25) and was transient after 1 VBR (2%). Dislodgement of the vertebral body replacement construct occurred in 3 patients, but has not occurred since the introduction of an improved instrumentation technique. In view of the encouraging results with anterior decompression of the spine, the role of surgical decompression as the primary treatment for ventrally located tumors should be reconsidered. The role of laminectomy in posterior compartment tumors deserves further study.