bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone involvement in aldosteronism
Authors: Salcuni Antonio Stefano , Palmieri Serena , Carnevale Vincenzo , Morelli Valentina , Battista Claudia , Guarnieri Vito , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Desina Gaetano , Eller-Vainicher Cristina , Beck-Peccoz Paolo , Scillitani Alfredo , Chiodini Iacopo 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
In rats with aldosteronism, a reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) and cortical bone strength has been reported. Our study was aimed to evaluate bone involvement in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). A total of 188 consecutive subjects with adrenal incidentaloma, observed between November 2009 and October 2011, were screened for PA with aldosterone-to-renin ratio. After confirmatory tests, in those who screened positive, 11 patients were diagnosed as PA and 15 patients were not (nPA). A serum/urinary biochemical profile, parathyroid hormone (PTH), BMD measured at lumbar spine (LS) and total and femoral neck (TN and FN) by dual X-ray absorptiometry, and conventional spinal radiographs (T4–L4) were obtained in all subjects. PA patients had a significantly higher 24-hour urinary calcium (6.28 ± 1.85 versus 4.28 ± 1.18 mmol/d; p &lt; 0.01), and PTH (9.8 [5.8-14.6], median [range] versus 5.3 [2.5-10.8] pmol/L; p &lt; 0.01) than nPA patients. BMD expressed as Z-value at LS (−1.18 ± 0.99 versus 0.22 ± 1.12), FN (−0.85 ± 0.73 versus 0.01 ± 0.82), and TN (−0.49 ± 0.61 versus 0.39 ± 0.93) was lower in PA than in nPA (p = 0.003, p = 0.011, and p = 0.012, respectively). The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in PA than in nPA (8/11, 72.7% versus 3/15, 20.0%; Fisher's exact test: p = 0.015). Vertebral fractures tended to be more prevalent in PA than in nPA (5/11, 45.5% versus 2/15, 13.3%; Fisher's exact test: p = 0.095). Logistic regression analysis showed that osteoporosis and morphometric vertebral fractures were associated with PA (odds ratio [OR], 15.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.83–130, p = 0.012; and OR, 30.4; 95%CI, 1.07–862, p = 0.045, respectively) regardless of age, body mass index (BMI), and LS-BMD. In 9 of 11 PA patients, 6 months after beginning of treatment (surgery or spironolactone) there was a significant reduction of urinary calcium excretion (p &lt; 0.01) and PTH (p &lt; 0.01), whereas in 5 of 11 PA patients, 1 year after beginning of treatment, BMD was significantly increased at LS, p &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, PA is associated with osteoporosis, vertebral fractures, and increased urinary calcium excretion. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Villin promoter-mediated transgenic expression of transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) increases intestinal calcium absorption in wild-type and vitamin D receptor knockout mice
Authors: Cui Min , Li Qiang , Johnson Robert , Fleet James C 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) is an apical membrane calcium (Ca) channel in the small intestine proposed to be essential for vitamin D–regulated intestinal Ca absorption. Recent studies have challenged the proposed role for TRPV6 in Ca absorption. We directly tested intestinal TRPV6 function in Ca and bone metabolism in wild-type (WT) and vitamin D receptor knockout (VDRKO) mice. TRPV6 transgenic mice (TG) were made with intestinal epithelium–specific expression of a 3X Flag-tagged human TRPV6 protein. TG and VDRKO mice were crossed to make TG-VDRKO mice. Ca and bone metabolism was examined in WT, TG, VDRKO, and TG-VDRKO mice. TG mice developed hypercalcemia and soft tissue calcification on a chow diet. In TG mice fed a 0.25% Ca diet, Ca absorption was more than three-fold higher and femur bone mineral density (BMD) was 26% higher than WT. Renal 1α hydroxylase (CYP27B1) mRNA and intestinal expression of the natural mouse TRPV6 gene were reduced to &lt;10% of WT but small intestine calbindin-D9k expression was elevated &gt;15 times in TG mice. TG-VDRKO mice had high Ca absorption that prevented the low serum Ca, high renal CYP27B1 mRNA, low BMD, and abnormal bone microarchitecture seen in VDRKO mice. In addition, small intestinal calbindin D9K mRNA and protein levels were elevated in TG-VDRKO. Transgenic TRPV6 expression in intestine is sufficient to increase Ca absorption and bone density, even in VDRKO mice. VDR-independent upregulation of intestinal calbindin D9k in TG-VDRKO suggests this protein may buffer intracellular Ca during Ca absorption. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Correlates of Motivation to Change in Pathological Gamblers Completing Cognitive‐Behavioral Group Therapy
Authors: Gómez‐Peña Mónica , Penelo Eva , Granero Roser , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando , Álvarez‐Moya Eva , Santamaría Juan José , Moragas Laura , Neus Aymamí Maria , Gunnard Katarina , Menchón José M. , Jimenez‐Murcia Susana 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesThe present study analyzes the association between the motivation to change and the cognitive‐behavioral group intervention, in terms of dropouts and relapses, in a sample of male pathological gamblers. The specific objectives were as follows: (a) to estimate the predictive value of baseline University of Rhode Island Change Assessment scale (URICA) scores (i.e., at the start of the study) as regards the risk of relapse and dropout during treatment and (b) to assess the incremental predictive ability of URICA scores, as regards the mean change produced in the clinical status of patients between the start and finish of treatment.MethodThe relationship between the URICA and the response to treatment was analyzed by means of a pre‐post design applied to a sample of 191 patients who were consecutively receiving cognitive‐behavioral group therapy. The statistical analysis included logistic regression models and hierarchical multiple linear regression models.ResultsThe discriminative ability of the models including the four URICA scores regarding the likelihood of relapse and dropout was acceptable (area under the receiver operating haracteristic curve: .73 and .71, respectively). No significant predictive ability was found as regards the differences between baseline and posttreatment scores (changes in R2 below 5% in the multiple regression models).ConclusionsThe availability of useful measures of motivation to change would enable treatment outcomes to be optimized through the application of specific therapeutic interventions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Clin. Psychol. 68:732‐744, 2012
Patient's assessment of discomfort during ultrasound‐guided injection of Morton's neuroma: Selecting the optimal approach
Authors: Yap Lee Pheng , McNally Eugene 
Published: May 2012

AbstractPurposeAssess patient discomfort during two different methods of injection of Morton's neuroma.MethodsSixty‐eight patients referred for ultrasound‐guided injection of Morton's neuroma had punctures performed dorsal or plantar to the interdigital skin crease, with and without preliminary subcutaneous local anesthesia (LA). Patients rated discomfort during skin puncture (SP) and needle advancement (NA) using a visual analog scale.ResultsAverage pain score was 4.4 ± 2.3 (1 SD) for the plantar approach and 2.9 ± 2.0 for the dorsal approach. This difference was statistically significant during SP (p< 0.01) and NA (p< 0.05). During the plantar approach with LA, mean pain score during SP was 4.4 (±2.1) and 3.9 (±2.8) during NA. This plantar approach without LA resulted in a pain score of 4.3 (±2.6) and 3.8 (±3.1), respectively. Mean pain scores for patients injected from the dorsal approach with LA during SP were 3.8 (±2.7) and NA were 2.2 (±2.0) and without LA were 2.6 (±1.9) and 3.0 (±2.1). There was no statistical significance in mean pain score difference during SP and NA, with and without LA for either the plantar (p> 0.05) or the dorsal (p> 0.05) approach.ConclusionsInjection of Morton's neuroma was better tolerated via a dorsal approach and use of preliminary LA did not confer any benefit. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Sonography of the adrenal glands in the adult
Authors: Kim Kyoung Won , Kim Jeong Kon , Choi Hyuck Jae , Kim Mi‐hyun , Lee Jeongjin , Cho Kyoung‐Sik 
Published: May 2012

AbstractAlthough its capability has been overlooked, sonography can be a useful screening tool for adrenal lesion in adults. In this article, we discuss scan technique, patient positioning, and anatomic consideration for adrenal sonography in adults and illustrate sonographic appearance of normal adrenal gland as well as adrenal tumors and tumor‐like lesions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012;
Magnetic resonance imaging in valvular heart disease: Clinical application and current role for patient management
Authors: Sommer Gregor , Bremerich Jens , Lund Gunnar 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNoninvasive imaging provides important information on cardiac anatomy and function and is a key element in clinical management of valvular heart disease (VHD). Beside echocardiography, which is still considered the first‐line modality for assessment of valvular anatomy and longitudinal evaluation of VHD, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has evolved during the last two decades as an essential tool for evaluation of cardiac diseases. Today, CMR not only represents the reference standard for measuring cardiac volumes, function, and mass, but also enables accurate assessment of morphology and function of cardiac valves. It can play an important role in clinical decision‐making for patients with VHD. This review addresses current applications and limitations of CMR imaging techniques that are used in VHD including cine‐balanced steady‐state free precession (b‐SSFP), phase contrast MR (pcMR), gradient‐recalled echo (GRE), and turbo‐spin echo (TSE) sequences. Moreover, it describes their application for evaluation of valvular pathologies and gives an overview on the current role of valvular CMR in patient management. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1241–1252. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beneficial effect of hydrogen‐rich saline on cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Hong Yuan , Guo Songxue , Chen Sheng , Sun Chongran , Zhang Jianmin , Sun Xuejun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCerebral vasospasm (CV) remains a common and devastating complication in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Despite its clinical significance and extensive research, the underlying pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives of CV remain incompletely understood. Recently, it has been suggested that molecular hydrogen (H2) can selectively reduce levels of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and ameliorate oxidative and inflammatory injuries to organs in many models. However, whether H2 can ameliorate CV after SAH is still unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of H2 in preventing SAH‐induced CV. Experimental SAH was induced in Sprague‐Dawley rats using cisterna magna blood injection. Hydrogen‐rich saline (HS) was injected intraperitoneally (5 ml/kg) immediately and at 24 hr after injury. All rats were sacrificed 48 hr after the neurological examination scores had been recorded following SAH. Levels of oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated. Basilar artery vasospasm was assessed by histological examination using light and transmission electron microscopy. HS treatment significantly improved neurological outcomes and attenuated morphological vasospasm of the basilar artery after SAH. In addition, we found that the beneficial effects of HS treatment on SAH‐induced CV were associated with decreased levels of lipid peroxidation, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the basilar artery. These results indicate that H2 has the potential to be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CV after SAH, and its neuroprotective effect might be partially mediated via limitation of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic isotope effects and rate constants for the gas‐phase reactions of three deuterated toluenes with OH from 298 to 353 K
Authors: Kim Daekyun , Stevens Philip S. , Hites Ronald A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe rate constants for the gas‐phase reactions of three deuterated toluenes with hydroxyl radicals were measured using the relative rate technique over the temperature range 298–353 K at about 1 atm total pressure. The OH radicals were generated by photolysis of H2O2, and helium was used as the diluent gas. The disappearance of reactants was followed by online mass spectrometry, which resulted in high time resolution, allowing for a large amount of data to be collected and used in the determination of the Arrhenius parameters. The following Arrhenius expressions have been determined for these reactions (in units of cm3 molecule−1 s−1): k=(6.42−0.99+1.17)×10−13exp [(661±54)/T] for toluene‐d3, k=(2.11−0.69+1.03)×10−12exp [(287±128)/T]for toluene‐d5, and k=(1.40+0.44−0.33)×10−12exp [(404±88)/T]for toluene‐d8. The kinetic isotope effects (KIEs, kH/kD) of these reactions were 1.003 ± 0.042 for all three compounds at 298 K. The KIE for toluene‐d3 was temperature dependent; at 350 K, its KIE was 1.122+0.048−0.046. The KIE of toluene‐d5 and toluene‐d8 did not vary significantly with temperature. These KIE results suggest that methyl H‐atom abstraction is more important than aromatic OH addition at higher temperatures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 821–827, 2012
Surgical and postpartum hereditary brachial plexus attacks and prophylactic immunotherapy
Authors: Klein Christopher J. , Barbara David W. , Sprung Juraj , Dyck Peter J. , Weingarten Toby N. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Surgery and childbirth can trigger attacks of hereditary brachial plexus neuropathy (HBPN), and inflammation was suggested as a component of the pathogenesis.Methods:HBPN patients who underwent surgery or parturition from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2009 were studied.Results:Twenty‐five HBPN patients underwent 48 surgeries or parturitions. Seventeen patients (68%) had attacks, including 13 periprocedural and 7 postpartum by varied anesthesia types. Three patients who had 8 earlier combined attacks (after thyroidectomy, laminectomy, and Caesarean section) were given prophylactic immunosuppressive therapy (corticosteroids ± immunoglobulin). None suffered postoperative attacks, which is uncharacteristic of their prior experience. Five had perioperative attacks as their first HBPN manifestation. Median follow‐up was 11 months (3–48 months). Attacks occurred in the operated limb (n = 6) or distant (n = 7) to surgical sites. All attacks interfered with daily living, with frequent incomplete recovery. Five patients had a SEPT9 mutation.Conclusions:Corticosteroids may prevent parturition and surgical HBPN attacks in some patients. Diverse surgeries, anesthesia, and childbirth frequently trigger HBPN attacks. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Assessing informational website communications during emergencies and disasters
Authors: Schmalzried Hans D. , Fleming Fallon L. , Harper Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2012

Relief services for victims and others affected by emergencies and disasters are essential during these events and are often provided by nonprofit and voluntary organizations. The focus of this study was to assess informational communications provided through websites, focusing on emergency and disaster relief to determine if they communicated information with maximum effectiveness. The availability of information provided on these websites can directly affect how victims and the public are served. American Red Cross (ARC) chapters provided a convenient sample for study. We identified 646 ARC chapters in the United States; homepages were located for 588 (91.0%). We reviewed each homepage to document the availability (or absence) of nine elements recognized as being important for improving communications related to the provision of disaster and emergency services. ARC chapter website homepages had a mean of 3.4 (± 1.4) communication elements. Providing four examples, 74.3% included the organization's phone number, 32.0% provided links to other organizations involved in disaster response, 23.0% allowed visitors to sign up for automatic alerts or notifications, and 16.5% listed an email address for their organization. Emergencies and disasters are unpredictable. Having more communication elements available increases the likelihood that individuals affected by such events will connect with an organization's website and receive services. We suggest that our nine communication elements be considered when an organization develops or updates its homepage. Such contents can reinforce an organization's communication efforts by providing a recognizable source of consistent and reliable information for people experiencing emergency or disaster situations.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced light trapping in solar cells using snow globe coating
Authors: Basch Angelika , Beck Fiona , Söderström Thomas , Varlamov Sergey , Catchpole Kylie R. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTA novel method, snow globe coating, is found to show significant enhancement of the short circuit current JSC (35%) when applied as a scattering back reflector for polycrystalline silicon thin‐film solar cells. The coating is formed from high refractive index titania particles without containing binder and gives close to 100% reflectance for wavelengths above 400 nm. Snow globe coating is a physicochemical coating method executable in pH neutral media. The mild conditions of this process make this method applicable to many different types of solar cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric fiberoptic bronchoscopy as adjunctive therapy in acute asthma with respiratory failure
Authors: Maggi J. Carlos , Nussbaum Eliezer , Babbitt Christopher , Maggi Flavio E. , Randhawa Inderpal 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundStatus asthmaticus respiratory failure is associated with thickened mucus secretions necessitating aggressive pulmonary clearance. The role of bronchoscopy in pediatric mechanically ventilated asthmatic patients has not been published.MethodsA chart review was performed on all pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) asthmatics with respiratory failure over 13 years. Forty‐four patients were identified. Patients were managed per standardized guidelines for status asthmaticus with mechanical ventilation. Ventilator management prioritized spontaneous breathing with pressure support. Extubation criteria included spontaneous tidal volumes of 5–7 cm3/kg on low‐pressure support. Standard endotracheal tube pulmonary toilet were implemented. Twenty‐nine patients underwent bronchoscopy as an adjunctive therapy. Indications for bronchoscopy included: Pathogen identification via bronchoalveolar ravage, atelectasis, mucus obstruction resulting in severe air trapping, suspected aspiration, and poor response to standard therapy. Clinical outcomes of this intervention were compared to the fifteen patient cohort who did not undergo bronchoscopy.ResultsBronchoscopies revealed thick mucus plugs, secretions, and bronchial casts. The large airways were lavaged for clearance of obstructive secretions with normal saline. All patients tolerated the procedure without any complications. Demonstrable improvement in pulmonary compliance was noted. The median time of intubation for the bronchoscopy group was 10 hr compared to 20.5 hr for the control group (P < 0.0005). The mean intensive care unit length of stay was 3.06 days for the bronchoscopy group versus 3.4 days for the non‐bronchoscopy group (P < 0.05).ConclusionFlexible bronchoscopy with bronchial lavage is a safe adjunctive therapy in pediatric asthmatics with respiratory failure resulting in reduced mechanical ventilation and intensive care length of stay. Restoring lung volume in certain asthmatics during respiratory failure may be deemed beneficial. Further validated studies are necessary to recommend bronchoscopy to the present, accepted treatment regimen in pediatric asthmatic respiratory failure. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:1180–1184. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A symmetry adapted approach to the dynamic Jahn‐Teller problem: Application to mixed‐valence polyoxometalate clusters with keggin structure
Authors: Tsukerblat Boris , Palii Andrew , Clemente‐Juan Juan M. , Gaita‐Ariño Alejandro , Coronado Eugenio 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this article, we present a symmetry‐adapted approach aimed to the accurate solution of the dynamic vibronic problem in large scale Jahn‐Teller (JT) systems. The algorithm for the solution of the eigen‐problem takes full advantage of the point symmetry arguments. The system under consideration is supposed to consist of a set of electronic levels mixed by the active JT and pseudo JT vibrational modes. Applying the successive coupling of the bosonic creation operators, we introduce the irreducible tensors that are called multivibronic operators. Action of the irreducible multivibronic operators on the vacuum state creates the vibrational symmetry adapted basis that is subjected to the Gram‐Schmidt orthogonalization at each step of evaluation. Finally, the generated vibrational basis is coupled to the electronic one to get the symmetry adapted electron‐vibrational (vibronic) basis within which the full matrix of the JT Hamiltonian is blocked according to the irreducible representations (irreps) of the point group. The proposed approach is a part of our study of the nanosized mixed valence (MV) clusters with large number of delocalized electrons that are at the border line between quantum and classical objects. Here, we illustrate in detail the developed technique by the application to the 2e‐reduced MV dodecanuclear Keggin anion in which the electronic pair is delocalized over 12 sites (overall symmetryTd) giving rise to the (1T2+1E+1A1)⊗(e+t2) (3T1+3T2)⊗(e+t2) combined JT/pseudo JT problems for the spin‐singlet and spin‐triplet states. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assembly of Single‐Stranded DNA Onto HOPG Surface at Different Temperature: Atomic Force Microscopy Study
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Zhao Lin , Zhou Zhen , Sun Tongze , Zu Yuangang 
Published: May 2012

SummaryAssembly of long single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) and short oligodeoxynucleotides onto bare highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) at different temperature has been studied. It was indicated that both long ssDNA and oligodeoxynucleotides can sequentially form network, straight chains, and layer structures when the adsorption temperature was changed from room temperature, 37–55°C. High‐resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging of the layer structures revealed that they are composed of parallel ssDNA chains with relatively higher height and tend to form patterns with three‐fold symmetry. These new findings are significantly important for understanding assembly characterization of ssDNA. In addition, this assembly method for ssDNA is expected to be used for preparation of DNA structures in biosensing and DNA‐based nanodevices. SCANNING 34: 302–308, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Remarkable increase of thermoelectric power factor using plasma treatment in layered InGaO3(ZnO)m thin films
Authors: Seo Dong Kyu , Kim Jun Hyeon , Kim Jae Hyun , Cho Hyung Koun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThermoelectric (TE) InGaZnO thin films grown on sapphire substrates by sputtering were optimized using a radio‐frequency (RF) argon plasma treatment. The oxide thin films exhibited layered InGaO3(ZnO)2 superlattices with excellent crystallinity by using ZnO buffer layers and a post‐annealing process at 900 °C. The plasma treatment under various RF powers induced excellent improvements in the electrical conductivity without structural changes. The carrier concentration was gradually increased as the RF power increased, and as a result, the TE power factor (PF) was significantly enhanced despite the reduced Seebeck coefficient. A maximum PF value was observed to be ~0.2×10−5 at 500 K in the sample that was plasma treated at 150 W, where the carrier concentration was 4.9×1019 cm−3. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.