bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of dental carries and its association with breastfeeding duration among young children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfay Marta Yemane , Delbiso Tefera Darge 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Breastfeeding is a crucial feeding practices that significantly contributes to the healthy development of children. However, the effect of breastfeeding duration on caries risk is unclear, as different studies have found different results. This study aims to assess the prevalence of dental caries and its association with breastfeeding duration among young children aged 12–36 months in selected health facilities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study among 380 children aged 12–36 months from 11 health centers in Addis Ababa was conducted. Questionnaires and dental examinations were used to collect data. Dental caries was measured by the deft (decayed–extracted–filled teeth) index. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between dental caries and duration of breastfeeding, after adjusting for the confounders.

Results
The prevalence of dental caries was 53.4% (95% CI: 48.3, 58.5%), with 13.7% having high caries and 39.7% having low caries. Breastfeeding duration was not significantly associated with dental carries, after adjusting for confounders. However, sugar intake, older age, mothers’ unemployment, and not being in marital union are risk factors for dental caries development.

Conclusions
Promotion of healthy diet, especially limiting intake of sugar and sweets, and integration of oral health into primary health care programs are recommended. Further research using longitudinal design or meta-analysis is recommended to establish more concise evidence on the association between breastfeeding duration and dental caries.
Metabolomic insights into pulmonary fibrosis: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tang Wuyinuo , Jiang Huanyu , Wu Xinhui , Wu Guanyi , Zhao Chenchong , Lin Wenbo , Zhu Ying , Jiang Guowei , Chen Xiuhua , Huang Hang , He Lvyuan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
This study leverages a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach to explore the causal relationships between 1,400 metabolites and pulmonary fibrosis, using genetic variation as instrumental variables. By adhering to stringent criteria for instrumental variable selection, the research aims to uncover metabolic pathways that may influence the risk and progression of pulmonary fibrosis, providing insights into potential therapeutic targets.

Methods
Utilizing data from the OpenGWAS project, which includes a significant European cohort, and metabolite GWAS data from the Canadian Longitudinal Aging Study (CLSA), the study employs advanced statistical methods. These include inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median estimations, and comprehensive sensitivity analyses conducted using the R software environment to ensure the robustness of the causal inferences.

Results
The study identified 62 metabolites with significant causal relationships with pulmonary fibrosis, highlighting both risk-enhancing and protective metabolic factors. This extensive list of metabolites presents a broad spectrum of potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early detection, underscoring the metabolic complexity underlying pulmonary fibrosis.

Conclusions
The findings from this MR study significantly advance our understanding of the metabolic underpinnings of pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that alterations in specific metabolites could influence the risk and progression of the disease. These insights pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the potential of metabolic modulation in managing pulmonary fibrosis.
Resting-state brain plasticity is associated with the severity in cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Tan Yongming , Shao Ziwei , Wu Kaifu , Zhou Fuqing , He Laichang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the brain mechanism of non-correspondence between imaging presentations and clinical symptoms in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients and to test the utility of brain imaging biomarkers for predicting prognosis of CSM.

Methods
Forty patients with CSM (22 mild-moderate CSM, 18 severe CSM) and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for rs-fMRI and cervical spinal cord diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. DTI at the spinal cord (level C2/3) with fractional anisotropy (FA) and degree centrality (DC) were recorded. Then one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to detect the group differences in the DC and FA values across the three groups. Pearson correlation analysis was then separately performed between JOA with FA and DC.

Results
Among them, degree centrality value of left middle temporal gyrus exhibited a progressive increase in CSM groups compared with HCs, the DC value in severe CSM group was higher compared with mild-moderate CSM group. (P < 0.05), and the DC values of the right superior temporal gyrus and precuneus showed a decrease after increase. Among them, DC values in the area of precuneus in severe CSM group were significantly lower than those in mild-moderate CSM and HCs. (P < 0.05). The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the level C2/3 showed a progressive decrease in different clinical stages, that severe CSM group was the lowest, significantly lower than those in mild-moderate CSM and HCs (P < 0.05). There was negative correlation between DC value of left middle temporal gyrus and JOA scores (P < 0.001), and the FA values of dorsal column in the level C2/3 positively correlated with the JOA scores (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Structural and functional changes have taken place in the cervical spinal cord and brain of CSM patients. The Brain reorganization plays an important role in maintaining the symptoms and signs of CSM, aberrant DC values in the left middle temporal gyrus may be the possible mechanism of inconsistency between imaging findings and clinical symptoms. Degree centrality is a potentially useful prognostic functional biomarker in cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
Predicting herb-disease associations using network-based measures in human protein interactome
Authors: Wang Seunghyun , Lee Hyun Chang , Lee Sunjae 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Natural herbs are frequently used to treat diseases or to relieve symptoms in many countries. Moreover, as their safety has been proven for a long time, they are considered as main sources of new drug development. However, in many cases, the herbs are still prescribed relying on ancient records and/or traditional practices without scientific evidences. More importantly, the medicinal efficacy of the herbs has to be evaluated in the perspective of MCMT (multi-compound multi-target) effects, but most efforts focus on identifying and analyzing a single compound experimentally. To overcome these hurdles, computational approaches which are based on the scientific evidences and are able to handle the MCMT effects are needed to predict the herb-disease associations.

Results
In this study, we proposed a network-based in silico method to predict the herb-disease associations. To this end, we devised a new network-based measure, WACP (weighted average closest path length), which not only quantifies proximity between herb-related genes and disease-related genes but also considers compound compositions of each herb. As a result, we confirmed that our method successfully predicts the herb-disease associations in the human protein interactome (AUROC = 0.777). In addition, we observed that our method is superior than the other simple network-based proximity measures (e.g. average shortest and closest path length). Additionally, we analyzed the associations between Brassica oleracea var. italica and its known associated diseases more specifically as case studies. Finally, based on the prediction results of the WACP, we suggested novel herb-disease pairs which are expected to have potential relations and their literature evidences.

Conclusions
This method could be a promising solution to modernize the use of the natural herbs by providing the scientific evidences about the molecular associations between the herb-related genes targeted by multiple compounds and the disease-related genes in the human protein interactome.
Exploring potential circRNA biomarkers for cancers based on double-line heterogeneous graph representation learning
Authors: Zhang Yi , Wang ZhenMei , Wei Hanyan , Chen Min 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Compared with the time-consuming and labor-intensive for biological validation in vitro or in vivo, the computational models can provide high-quality and purposeful candidates in an instant. Existing computational models face limitations in effectively utilizing sparse local structural information for accurate predictions in circRNA-disease associations. This study addresses this challenge with a proposed method, CDA-DGRL (Prediction of CircRNA-Disease Association based on Double-line Graph Representation Learning), which employs a deep learning framework leveraging graph networks and a dual-line representation model integrating graph node features.

Method
CDA-DGRL comprises several key steps: initially, the integration of diverse biological information to compute integrated similarities among circRNAs and diseases, leading to the construction of a heterogeneous network specific to circRNA-disease associations. Subsequently, circRNA and disease node features are derived using sparse autoencoders. Thirdly, a graph convolutional neural network is employed to capture the local graph network structure by inputting the circRNA-disease heterogeneous network alongside node features. Fourthly, the utilization of node2vec facilitates depth-first sampling of the circRNA-disease heterogeneous network to grasp the global graph network structure, addressing issues associated with sparse raw data. Finally, the fusion of local and global graph network structures is inputted into an extra trees classifier to identify potential circRNA-disease associations.

Results
The results, obtained through a rigorous five-fold cross-validation on the circR2Disease dataset, demonstrate the superiority of CDA-DGRL with an AUC value of 0.9866 and an AUPR value of 0.9897 compared to existing state-of-the-art models. Notably, the hyper-random tree classifier employed in this model outperforms other machine learning classifiers.

Conclusion
Thus, CDA-DGRL stands as a promising methodology for reliably identifying circRNA-disease associations, offering potential avenues to alleviate the necessity for extensive traditional biological experiments. The source code and data for this study are available at https://github.com/zywait/CDA-DGRL.
How does psychosocial safety climate cross-level influence work engagement and job burnout: the roles of organization-based self-esteem and psychological detachment
Authors: Yuan Tongshuang , Ren Hui , Yin Xin , Liang Leilei , Fei Junsong , Liu Xiaoying , Zheng Chengbin , Wang Huimin , Gao Jiaying , Mei Songli , Li Hongyan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Existing researches on nurses’ work engagement and job burnout have mostly stayed at the individual level, and limited researches test the cross-level effects of psychosocial safety climate (PSC). The study aimed to explore the cross-level mediating effect of organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) and the moderating effect of psychological detachment between the relationship of PSC and work engagement and job burnout in nurses.

Methods
The cross-sectional study was conducted during November to December 2022 at a tertiary hospital in a northeastern province of China. Data was collected from 1832 nurses through an online questionnaire. Correlation analyses and hierarchical linear modeling were used to test study hypotheses.

Results
The results showed that PSC was positively associated with work engagement, and negatively associated with job burnout. OBSE mediated the effect of PSC on work engagement, as well as job burnout. Additionally, psychological detachment played a moderating role between PSC and work engagement, but no moderating effect was found between PSC and job burnout.

Conclusions
PSC at the organizational level increases work engagement and reduces job burnout by stimulating nurses’ high levels of OBSE. Psychological detachment, as a situational factor, enhances the positive influence of PSC on work engagement. The implementation of measures to improve the PSC levels of the organization, and the levels of OBSE and psychological detachment among nurses could help to promote their good work performance.
Differences in the knowledge, attitudes, and needs of caregivers and healthcare providers regarding palliative care: a cross-sectional investigation in pediatric settings in China
Authors: Lin Xi , Qulian Guo , Bai Yongqi , Liu Qin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Countries abroad have implemented pediatric palliative treatment for several years; however, complete pediatric palliative treatment guidelines and legal guidance remain lacking in China, making the implementation of palliative care difficult.

Purpose
This study aimed to understand the current situation, similarities, and differences in the knowledge, attitudes, and needs of caregivers and healthcare providers regarding palliative care for children.

Methods
This cross-correlation study collected data from pediatric and neonatal intensive care units of four hospitals in China. The participants comprised 180 caregivers and 172 healthcare providers. The measurement tools included the palliative care knowledge scale, palliative care attitude scale, and pediatric palliative care needs scale. This study adhered to the STROBE reporting guidelines.

Results
Significant differences in palliative care knowledge, attitudes, and needs were observed between caregivers and healthcare providers (p < 0.005). Pediatric healthcare providers demonstrated higher knowledge and positive attitudes regarding palliative care than caregivers. Needs for communication in general and relief from pain and other symptoms of caregivers were higher than those of healthcare providers (p < 0.001). Furthermore, palliative care attitude and needs of healthcare providers were positively correlated with each other (r = 0.212, p < 0.005).

Conclusion
Pediatric healthcare providers and caregivers demonstrated different perceptions of needs for palliative care. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the future development of guidelines related to children’s needs and related interventions.
Resistin predicts disease severity and survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Gao Li , Skinner John , Nath Tanmay , Lin Qing , Griffiths Megan , Damico Rachel L. , Pauciulo Michael W. , Nichols William C. , Hassoun Paul M. , Everett Allen D. , Johns Roger A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Abnormal remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) leads to progressively increased pulmonary vascular resistance, followed by right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. Despite considerable advancements in PAH treatment prognosis remains poor. We aim to evaluate the potential for using the cytokine resistin as a genetic and biological marker for disease severity and survival in a large cohort of patients with PAH.

Methods
Biospecimens, clinical, and genetic data for 1121 adults with PAH, including 808 with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and 313 with scleroderma-associated PAH (SSc-PAH), were obtained from a national repository. Serum resistin levels were measured by ELISA, and associations between resistin levels, clinical variables, and single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes were examined with multivariable regression models. Machine-learning (ML) algorithms were applied to develop and compare risk models for mortality prediction.

Results
Resistin levels were significantly higher in all PAH samples and PAH subtype (IPAH and SSc-PAH) samples than in controls (P < .0001) and had significant discriminative abilities (AUCs of 0.84, 0.82, and 0.91, respectively; P < .001). High resistin levels (above 4.54 ng/mL) in PAH patients were associated with older age (P = .001), shorter 6-min walk distance (P = .001), and reduced cardiac performance (cardiac index, P = .016). Interestingly, mutant carriers of either rs3219175 or rs3745367 had higher resistin levels (adjusted P = .0001). High resistin levels in PAH patients were also associated with increased risk of death (hazard ratio: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.27–5.33; P < .0087). Comparisons of ML–derived survival models confirmed satisfactory prognostic value of the random forest model (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62–0.79) for PAH.

Conclusions
This work establishes the importance of resistin in the pathobiology of human PAH. In line with its function in rodent models, serum resistin represents a novel biomarker for PAH prognostication and may indicate a new therapeutic avenue. ML-derived survival models highlighted the importance of including resistin levels to improve performance. Future studies are needed to develop multi-marker assays that improve noninvasive risk stratification.
Si-Wu-Tang alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by inhibiting ACSL4-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism and ferroptosis in MCD diet-fed mice
Authors: Xue Xiaoyong , Wang Le , Wu Ruiyu , Li Yufei , Liu Runping , Ma Zhi , Jia Kexin , Zhang Yinhao , Li Xiaojiaoyang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese medicine decoction has shown therapeutic effects on various liver diseases. However, the hepatoprotective effects and underlying mechanism of SWT on MAFLD remain unclear.

Methods
First, a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-fed mice model was used and lipidomic analysis and transcriptomic analysis were performed. The contents of total iron ions, ferrous ions, and lipid peroxidation were detected and Prussian blue staining was performed to confirm the protective effects of SWT against ferroptosis. Finally, chemical characterization and network pharmacological analysis were employed to identify the potential active ingredients.

Results
Serological and hepatic histopathological findings indicated SWT's discernible therapeutic impact on MCD diet-induced MAFLD. Lipidomic analysis revealed that SWT improved intrahepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting TG synthesis and promoting TG transport. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that SWT ameliorated abnormal FA metabolism by inhibiting FA synthesis and promoting FA β-oxidation. Then, ferroptosis phenotype experiments revealed that SWT could effectively impede hepatocyte ferroptosis, which was induced by long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4)-mediated esterification of arachidonic acid (AA). Finally, chemical characterization and network pharmacological analysis identified that paeoniflorin and other active ingredients might be responsible for the regulative effects against ferroptosis and MAFLD.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study revealed the intricate mechanism through which SWT improved MCD diet-induced MAFLD by targeting FA metabolism and ferroptosis in hepatocytes, thus offering a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of MAFLD and its complications.

Graphical Abstract
Short-term effects of the strengthening families Program (SFP 10–14) in Brazil: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sanchez Zila M. , Valente Juliana Y. , Gubert Fabiane A. , Galvão Patrícia P. O. , Cogo-Moreira Hugo , Rebouças Lidiane N. , dos Santos Miguel Henrique S. , Melo Márcia H. S. , Caetano Sheila C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
This study reports the evaluation of the short-term effects of the Strengthening Families Program (SFP 10–14), adapted as Famílias Fortes (Strong Families) in Brazil, on preventing adolescent drug use and improving parenting behaviors.

Methods
A two-arm, parallel cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 60 Social Assistance Reference Centers (SARC) from 12 Brazilian municipalities. In each city, the SARC were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. A total of 805 families participated in the study, each contributing data from one parent or legal guardian and one adolescent totaling 1,610 participants. Data collection occurred before intervention implementation and 6 months after baseline collection. Data were analyzed using multilevel mixed-effects modeling with repeated measures in two different paradigms: Intention to Treat (ITT) and Per protocol (PP). The study was registered in the Brazilian Ministry of Health Register of Clinical Trials (REBEC), under protocol no. RBR-5hz9g6z.

Results
Considering the ITT paradigm, the program reduced the chance of parents and legal guardians being classified as negligent by 60% (95%CI 0.21; 0.78), increased the use of nonviolent discipline by caregivers (Coef 0.33, 95%CI 0.01; 0.64) and decreased the chance of adults exposing adolescents to their drunken episodes by 80% (95%CI 0.06; 0.54). No program effects were observed on outcomes related to adolescent drug use. Similar results were found for the PP paradigm.

Conclusion
The positive effects on family outcomes suggest preventive potential of the program among the Brazilian population. Long-term evaluations are necessary to verify if the program can also achieve the drug use reduction goals not observed in the short term.
Subclinical patterns of disordered eating behaviors in the daily life of adolescents and young adults from the general population
Authors: Peschel Stephanie K. V. , Sigrist Christine , Voss Catharina , Fürtjes Sophia , Berwanger Johanna , Ollmann Theresa M. , Kische Hanna , Rückert Frank , Koenig Julian , Beesdo-Baum Katja 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Disordered eating behaviors (DEBs), a risk factor for the development of eating disorders (EDs), are prevalent in young people and different DEBs frequently co-occur. Previous studies on DEB-patterns have largely used traditional retrospective questionnaires to assess DEBs. In addition, most previous studies did not specifically exclude individuals with clinical EDs, which limits current knowledge concerning purely subclinical patterns of DEBs. In the present study, we aimed to explore phenotypes and group sizes of subclinical patterns of DEBs reported in everyday life via smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in adolescents and young adults from the general population without lifetime EDs. In secondary analyses, we further aimed to investigate whether DEB-patterns would be associated with additional previously identified risk factors for ED-development.

Methods
EMA was conducted in a community sample of 14–21-year-olds from Dresden, Germany, over four days for up to eight times a day and covered engagement in four DEBs: skipping eating, restrained eating, eating large amounts of food, and loss-of-control eating. Data were analyzed from N = 966 individuals without lifetime EDs with an EMA compliance rate of at least 50% (81.9% of the total sample; average compliance: 84.6%). Latent profile analyses were performed to identify subclinical patterns of DEBs, stratified by sex. Associations between symptomatic profiles and ED-risk factors were tested via regression analyses.

Results
Based on theoretical deliberations, statistical indices, interpretability, and parsimony, a three-profile solution, namely no DEBs, high-mixed DEBs, and low-mixed DEBs, was selected for both sexes. Both symptomatic profiles in both sexes were associated with more unfavorable manifestations in additional ED risk factors compared to the no DEBs profile, with the highest number of associations being observed in the female high-mixed profile.

Conclusions
The present findings suggest that problematic manifestations of DEBs in young people may occur even in the absence of an ED diagnosis and that they are associated with additional risk factors for EDs, warranting increased efforts in targeted prevention, early identification and intervention in order to counteract symptom progression.