bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nyerereite from carbonatite rocks at Vulture volcano: implications for mantle metasomatism and petrogenesis of alkali carbonate melts Research Article
Authors: Stoppa Francesco , Jones Adrian , Sharygin Victor 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Vulture volcano displays a wide range of mafic to alkaline, carbonate-, and/or CaO-rich volcanic rocks, with subvolcanic and plutonic rocks together with mantle xenoliths in pyroclastic ejecta. The roles of magmatic volatiles such as CO2, S, and Cl have been determined from compositions and trapping temperatures of inclusions in phenocrysts, which include the Na-K-Ca-carbonate nyerereite within melilite. We surmise that this alkali carbonate crystallised from an appropriate carbonatitic melt at relatively high temperature. Carbonatitic metasomatic features are traceable throughout many of the mantle xenoliths, and various carbonatitic components are found in the late stage extrusive suite. There is no evidence that alkali carbonatite developed as a separate magma, but it may have been an important evolutionary stage. We compare the rare occurrence of nyerereite at Vulture with other carbonatites and with an unaltered kimberlite from the Udachnaya pipe. We review the evidence at Vulture for associated carbonatitic metasomatism in the mantle, and we suggest that low viscosity alkali carbonatitic melts may have a primary and much deeper origin than previously considered.
On an application of cluster analysis for classification of valley cross profiles using special orthonormal functions
Authors: Waelder Olga 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Morphometric approaches deal with obtaining quantitative parameters of relief forms. In particular, such parameters can be used for the classification of diverse relief forms. There is a noticeable demand for such approaches in geosciences. For example, the differentiation of valley forms belongs to the research field of geomorphology. A valley form includes important information with respect to the valley genesis. It is assumed that the U-shape probably corresponds to a glacier-induced valley, but the V-shape reflects the fluvial genesis of a valley. A prior generalisation of valley cross-profiles is necessary in order to obtain their morphometric parameters. These parameters contribute to the valley differentiation. The conventional generalisation approaches are based on the approximation of such cross-profiles using a special function. This function can be a catenary curve, a special polynomial or a set of polynomials. An alternative model is the GPL model. In this paper we propose a new generalisation approach, which uses special orthonormal functions. Based on these functions, form coefficients can be obtained for use in cluster analysis, resulting in the shape classification of valley cross profiles. An application of our approach for a real data set is presented.
Hydrogeochemical characteristics and genetic implications of Edipsos thermal springs, north Euboea, Greece
Authors: Kelepertsis Akindynos , Tziritis Evangelos , Kelepertzis Eustratios , Leontakianakos Giorgos , Pallas Kostas 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Edipsos area, situated in northern Euboea, has been well known since ancient times for the existence of thermal springs. In order to assess the hydrogeochemical conditions, thermal and cold water samples were collected and analyzed by ICP method for major and trace elements. The results revealed the direct impact of seawater, a process which is strongly related to the major tectonic structures of the area. Seawater impact was confirmed by the Cl/Br and Na/Cl ionic ratios, as well as from statistical processing and graphical interpretation of the analytical results, which classified the sampled waters into three groups (two for cold waters and one for the thermal ones). Trace element ranges for thermal waters are: As (44–84 ppb), Pb (23–154 ppb), Ag (1–2 ppb), Mn (31–680 ppb), Cu (61–97 ppb), Cs (66–244 ppb), Se (0–76 ppb), Li (732–3269 ppb), Fe (0–1126 ppb), Sr (14000–34100 ppb), B (4300–9600 ppb).
Compared with the chemical composition of other thermal springs from the Hellenic Volcanic Arc, Edipsos thermal waters are enriched in Ca2+, Na+, Cl−, SO4
2−, Li, B and K+, reflecting the influence from seawater. Cold waters are free of heavy metals compared with other natural waters and are characterized by good quality based on the major element chemistry. Finally, several geothermometers were applied in order to assess the reservoir temperatures, but none of them appear to be applicable, mainly due to the impact of seawater on the initial hydrogeochemistry of the geothermal fluids.
Sequence stratigraphy of a Mesozoic carbonate platform-to-basin system in western Sicily
Authors: Basilone Luca 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Sequence stratigraphic studies of the Triassic through Paleogene carbonate successions of platform, slope and basin in western Sicily (Palermo and Termini Imerese Mountains) have identified a sedimentary cyclicity mostly caused by relative oscillations of sea level. The stratigraphic successions of the Imerese and Panormide palaeogeographic domains of the southern Tethyan continental margin were studied with physical-stratigraphy and facies analysis to reconstruct the sedimentary evolution of this platform-to-basin system.
The Imerese Basin is characterized by a carbonate and siliceous-calcareous succession, 1200–1400m thick, Late Triassic to Eocene in age. The strata display a typical example of a carbonate platform margin, characterized by resedimented facies with progradational stacking patterns. The Panormide Carbonate Platform is characterized by a carbonate succession, 1000–1200 m thick, Late Triassic to Late Eocene, mostly consisting of shallow-water facies with periodic subaerial exposure.
The cyclic arrangement has been obtained by the study of the stratigraphic signatures (unconformities, facies sequences, erosional surfaces and stratal geometries) found in the slope successions. The recognized pattern has been compared with coeval facies of the shelf. This correlation provided evidence of sedimentary evolution, influenced by progradation and backstepping of the shelf deposits.
The stratigraphic architecture of the platform-to-basin system is characterized by four major transgressive/regressive cycles during the late Triassic to late Eocene.
These cycles, framed in a chronostratigraphic chart, allows the correlation of the investigated shelf-to-basin system with the geological evolution of the African continental margin during the Mesozoic, showing tectono-eustatic cycles. The first cycle, encompassing the late Triassic to early Jurassic, appears to be related to the late syn-rift stage of the continental margin evolution. The following three cycles, spanning from the Jurassic to Eocene, can be related to the post-rift evolution and to thermal subsidence changes.
Monitoring the mining effect at drainage basin level using geoinformation technologies
Authors: Naydenova Vanya , Roumenina Eugenia 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
One of the priority lines of modern regional policy with regard to mining is a territory’s sustainable use. One of the key issues is the development of local level monitoring systems to assess and control territories that are subject to intensive anthropogenic activity. The current work proposes a developed geodatabase model for remote sensing and ground-based monitoring of the effects of coal mining at drainage level using geoinformation technologies. Based on this model, the Kutina geographic information system for the drainage basin of the Kutina River has been constructed. The geodatabase is open and may be updated and supplemented with other types of information. This is the first monitoring of coal mining’s anthropogenic impact on the land cover and the Kutina Pyramids natural landmark carried out on the territory of the Kutina River drainage basin, Bulgaria. It may assist local level managerial decision-making, among others. Generation of landslide processes and self-ignition of coal layers has been identified as well. The recorded change in the hydrographic network resulting from the performed open coal extraction affects directly the change of the erosion basis. Its increase enhances lateral erosion at the expense of vertical, which is one of the major causes for the Kutina Pyramids natural landmark’s degradation.
The Carpathian Mountain range and the enclosed interior
Authors: Földvary Gabor 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The baffling duality of the Carpathian Mountain Range and the Basin it surrounds is briefly discussed. The various attempts at solving the nature of this duality, including plate tectonics with its micro-plates are mentioned. The component ranges of the Carpathians and the structural belts are given, followed by the discussion of the Carpathian Basin System, the Interior, consisting of the Great Hungarian Plain, Transdanubia, the two groups of Central Mountains, also the Apuseni (Bihar) Mountains and the Banat Contact Belt. Economic ore deposits are featured in the relevant sections.
How surface latent heat flux is related to lower-tropospheric stability in southern subtropica marine stratus and stratocumulus regions
Authors: He Yanping 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The relationship between surface latent heat flux and the lower-tropospheric stability (LTS) is examined using ERA-40 reanalysis, NCEP reanalysis and COADS (Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set) ship data in two southern subtropical marine stratus and stratocumulus regions. The change of surface latent heat flux with LTS is determined by a comparison of the correlation of LTS with surface wind speed and with near surface humidity difference. At intermediate LTS (10 K-15 K), both surface evaporation and downward surface radiation flux amplify small LTS perturbations due to the surface wind-LTS relationship and cloud-radiation feedback. At high LTS, surface latent heat flux exceeds its peak value and becomes a regulating mechanism to keep LTS at its commonly observed equilibrium value. Surface radiation flux is seen to decrease at a smaller rate with LTS than surface latent heat flux. By applying the regulating effect of LTS on near surface humidity differences, monthly surface latent heat flux can be better represented.
Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of Demographic Growth of Voivodeships in Poland
Authors: Sojka Elżbieta 
Published: August 2009

Multidimensional Comparative Analysis of Demographic Growth of Voivodeships in Poland
The article presents results of a multidimensional comparative analysis of the level of demographic development of voivodeships in Poland in years 1999-2006. Hellwig's synthetic measure of a development pattern was applied and on its basis the classification of voivodeships into homogenous typological groups was carried out with regard to demographic development.The results of the research have pointed to a significant influence of socio-economic factors on the extent of advancement of given voivodeships in reaching a modern type of population reproduction.
Spatial Distribution of EU Structural Funds in Poland in 2004-2006 - Factors, Directions, and Limitations
Authors: Płaziak Monika , Trzepacz Piotr 
Published: August 2009

Spatial Distribution of EU Structural Funds in Poland in 2004-2006 - Factors, Directions, and Limitations
In 2004, Poland joined the European Union. This access means the possibility of taking advantage of European Union Structural Funds. Apart from this the structural funds play another important role. The popularity of the idea of European integration in countries like Poland depends largely on the effectiveness of this financial support, which theoretically should lead to economic and social development on different levels (local, regional, national, and even continental). The main problem of relying on EU funds is their unequal availability, which is limited, for example, because of the granting principles.
Conditions of Spatial Diversity of Registered and Actual Populations at a Local Level in Poland
Authors: Raczyk Andrzej 
Published: August 2009

Conditions of Spatial Diversity of Registered and Actual Populations at a Local Level in Poland
The observed lack of conformity between the population measured by category of registration for permanent residence and the actual population is on the one hand a consequence of the limitations connected with public statistics and on the other it is the result of increasing temporary spatial mobility. Beside the scale of this phenomenon, its spatial dimension is particularly significant as, together with official statistics concerning population inflow and outflow, it defines the real intensity and directions of migration.The basic objective of this study was to examine the scale and conditions connected with the shaping of spatial diversities between the size of registered and actual populations. The analysis was conducted, above all, in relation to economic factors creating these differences. The analysis was carried out in relation to the units of LAU2 level in Poland.The conducted analysis indicated that economic and education-related conditions played an important role in the shaping of temporary registered migration. This also confirmed the existence of a link between temporary registered migration and human capital as well as the level of economic development of particular regions. Spatial structure of temporary registered migration was similar to non-registered migration structure. Thus, it may help define general directions of informal population migration.
Analysis of Relationships Between Distribution of Population and Spatial Economy of Communes in the Kraków Metropolitan Area
Authors: Gorczyca Katarzyna 
Published: August 2009

Analysis of Relationships Between Distribution of Population and Spatial Economy of Communes in the Kraków Metropolitan AreaThe expansion of developed areas is one the factors that influence the distribution of population. Spatial policy implemented by communes reflects the existing tendencies but is also a factor that moulds the occurring processes. The aim of this article is to present the planned development of areas designated for investing, depending on the existing density of population. The article presents relationships between location and present distribution of population, and planned degree of expansion of development of communes located within the Kraków Metropolitan Area (the "KMA"). The range of areas designated for investing was analysed based on valid commune planning documents, which means that the article took into account 52 land use plans concerning all the communes that form the Kraków Metropolitan Area. The object of analysis is the spatial policy of communes related to the expansion of development, as well as demographic conditions of the Kraków Metropolitan Area.
On the Necessity of the History of Geographical Thought
Authors: Wilczyński Witold 
Published: August 2009

On the Necessity of the History of Geographical ThoughtStudies in the area of history and philosophy of geography have disappeared in Poland for the last fifty years. The aim of this paper is to restore its importance and show reasons for its revival. They can be found in societal, scientific, and educational contexts in which we practice geography. History of geographical thought contains numerous ideas which could be useful in activities aimed at understanding and reconciling different visions of reality, since geography is the study of diversity, understood as a source of unity. The most popular example of this is the fundamental principle of classical geography "Unity in diversity", that has been accepted as the banner slogan of contemporary Europe. This example shows that the history of geographical thought is the reservoir of ideas, which still await their rediscovery. It should be also utilized to restore geography's identity and rationale, as well as to create new lines of thought which could make geography a socially relevant field.
Katowice Region in the Light of the Selected Conceptions of Social-Economic Transformations
Authors: Runge Jerzy 
Published: August 2009

Katowice Region in the Light of the Selected Conceptions of Social-Economic Transformations
Taking into consideration all conceptions of economic and social development discussed here it should be concluded that-- non of the classical models of social transformation is represented in the Katowice region in homogeneous form. In fact, only modernisation (as it is a historical aspect) is most distinguished among others;-- it is possible that features typical for several models of economic or social transformations occur at the same time. This concerns spatial approaches.The consequence of frequent fragmentation of social-economic reality in numerous theoretical conceptions and proposals of restructuring changes is a narrow understanding of the research problems. It seems, therefore, that conceptions of social development created on the basis of sociology may be successfully applied in social geography. The condition here is not only taking into account spatial aspects but also the possibility of applying several models of transformations at the same time.
Prediction of Water Quality in the Danube River Under extreme Hydrological and Temperature Conditions
Authors: Pekárová Pavla , Onderka Milan , Pekár Ján , Rončák Peter , Miklánek Pavol 
Published: August 2009

Prediction of Water Quality in the Danube River Under extreme Hydrological and Temperature ConditionsOne of the requirements imposed by the Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) is to analyze and predict how quality of surface waters will evolve in the future. In assessing the development of a stream's pollution one must consider all sources of pollution and understand how water quality evolves over time. Flow and water temperature regime of a stream or river are the main factors controlling the extent to which deterioration of a stream's water quality can propagate under constant input from pollution sources. In addition, there is ever increasing public concern about the state of the aquatic environment. Decision makers and scientists involved in water management call for studies proposing simulation models of water quality under extreme natural hydrologic and climatic scenarios. Also, human impact on water resources remain an issue for discussion, especially when it comes to sustainability of water resources with respect to water quality and ecosystem health. In the present study we investigate the long-term trends in water quality variables of the Danube River at Bratislava, Slovakia (Chl-a, Ca, EC, SO2-, Cl-, O2, BOD5, N-tot, PO4-P, NO3-N, NO2-N, etc.), for the period 1991-2005. Several SARIMA models were tested for the long-term prediction of selected pollutant concentrations under various flow and water temperature conditions. In order to create scenarios of selected water quality variables with prediction for 12 months ahead, three types of possible hydrologic and water temperature conditions were defined: i) average conditions - median flows and water temperature; ii) low flows and high water temperature; and iii) high flows and low water temperature. These conditions were derived for each month using daily observations of water temperature and daily discharge readings taken in the Danube at Bratislava over the period 1931-2005 in the form of percentiles (1th-percentile, median, 99th-percentile). Once having derived these extreme-case scenarios, we used selected Box-Jenkins models (with two regressors - discharge and water temperature) to simulate the extreme monthly water quality variables. The impact of natural and man-made changes in a stream's hydrology on water quality can be readily well simulated by means of autoregressive models.
The Effect of Cellular Organic Matter Produced by Cyanobacteria Microcystis Aeruginosa on Water Purification
Authors: Pivokonský Martin , Pivokonská Lenka , Bäumeltová Jitka , Bubáková Petra 
Published: August 2009

The Effect of Cellular Organic Matter Produced by Cyanobacteria Microcystis Aeruginosa on Water PurificationThe aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of COM (Cellular Organic Matter) produced byMicrocystis aeruginosaon the process of water purification by destabilisation and subsequent aggregation of the impurity particles. The research was carried out with a raw water into which COM was added. The removal efficiency of the most significant components of COM, i.e. polysaccharides and proteins, was investigated. It was found that the removal efficiency of polysaccharides and proteins was dependent on the reaction conditions (pH, type of destabilisation reagent and its dosage). The removal efficiency of COM was relatively low. It was about 46% and 41% using ferric sulphate and aluminium sulphate aggregation, respectively. In comparison to the other organic components of COM, mainly polysaccharides, the proteins are removed with a higher efficiency. The GPC analyses of the residual COM showed that the proteins of higher molecular weight were aggregated with a higher efficiency.
Identification of compound channel flow parameters
Authors: Abida Habib 
Published: August 2009

Identification of compound channel flow parametersOptimization methods are used to estimate parameters required for routing floods through open compound channels. Besides initial and boundary flow conditions, data required especially include, cross-sectional area (A) of flow and conveyance (K) as functions of flow depth (y) for a representative cross-section of the study reach. Thus, instead of optimizing upon channel's geometric and hydraulic parameters, optimization is performed upon non-physical parameters in assumedA(y) andK(y) relationships. The optimization method selected for this application is the Nelder and Mead Simplex Algorithm. The objective function is expressed in terms of the relative differences between observed and simulated stages and discharges, which are evaluated based on the complete numerical solution of St Venant equations. This approach to formulating the optimization problem was applied to unsteady flow data sets for an experimental reach of the River Main in Northern Ireland. Based on statistical analysis, simulated and observed stages were found to be in good agreement.
Numerical model of spherical particle saltation in a channel with a transversely tilted rough bed
Authors: Lukerchenko Nikolay , Piatsevich Siarhei , Chara Zdenek , Vlasak Pavel 
Published: August 2009

Numerical model of spherical particle saltation in a channel with a transversely tilted rough bedThis paper deals with the numerical simulation of spherical particle saltation in a channel with a rough transversely tilted bed. The numerical model presented is based on the 3D model of spherical particle saltation developed by the authors, which takes into account the translational and rotational particle motion. The stochastic method and the concept of a contact zone were used for the calculation of a particle trajectory and its dependence on the bed lateral slope, particle diameter, and shear velocity. The effect of the bed lateral slope results in a deviation of the particle trajectory from the downstream direction. Some examples of the calculation are presented. The trajectories of the saltating particles starting their movements from one point were calculated and it was shown that they are of random character and together create a bundle or fascicle of trajectories. It was found that the centrelines of the bundles can be approximated by the straight lines for low and moderate values of the bed transverse slope, i.e. slopes less than 20°. The angle of deviation of the centreline from the downstream direction increases when the bed lateral slope and/or the particle diameters increase. However, with increasing shear velocity, the deviation angle decreases. Due to the lateral bed slope the particles are sorted according to their size, and the criteria for sorting particles were defined. An example of the particle sorting was calculated and the separable and non-separable regions were determined.