bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cascade hole transport in efficient green phosphorescent light‐emitting devices achieved by layer‐by‐layer solution deposition using photocrosslinkable‐conjugated polymers containing oxetane side‐chain moieties
Authors: Shin Jicheol , Um Hyun Ah , Cho Min Ju , Lee Tae Wan , Kim Kyung Hwan , Jin Jung‐Il , Kang Seogshin , Park Taehan , Joo Sung Hoon , Yang Joong Hwan , Choi Dong Hoon 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA hole‐injection/transport bilayer structure on an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer was fabricated using two photocrosslinkable polymers with different molecular energy levels. Two photoreactive polymers were synthesized using 2,7‐(or 3,6‐)‐dibromo‐9‐(6‐((3‐methyloxetan‐3‐yl)methoxy)hexyl)‐9H‐carbazole) and 2,4‐dimethyl‐N,N‐bis(4‐ (4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)phenyl)aniline via a Suzuki coupling reaction. When the oxetane groups were photopolymerized in the presence of a cationic photoinitiator, the photocured film showed good solvent resistance and compatibility with a poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK)‐based emitting layer. Without the use of a conventional hole injection layer (HIL) of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/(polystyrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), the resulting green light‐emitting device bearing PVK: 5‐4‐tert‐butylphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD):Ir(Cz‐ppy)3 exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.69%; this corresponds to a luminous efficiency of 29.57 cd/A for the device K‐4 configuration ITO/POx‐I/POx‐II/PVK:PBD:Ir(Cz‐ppy)3/triazole/Alq3/LiF/Al. These values are much higher than those of PLEDs using conventional PEDOT:PSS as a single HIL. The significant improvement in device efficiency is the result of suppression of the hole injection/transport properties through double‐layered photocrosslinked‐conjugated polymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Confinement and controlled release of quinine on chitosan–montmorillonite bionanocomposites
Authors: Joshi Ghanshyam V. , Kevadiya Bhavesh D. , Mody Haresh M. , Bajaj Hari C. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTo accomplish the controlled‐release systems based on layered clay minerals, one of the best ways is to intercalate organic molecules into the interlayer gallery of clay minerals. Into a series of chitosan (CS) intercalated montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, prepared via ion‐exchange route, antimalarial drug [quinine (QUI)] was loaded to act as effective drug delivery systems. Among the CS–MMT nanocomposites, higher drug adsorption with decreasing CS concentration was observed. CS–MMT and CS–MMT/QUI intercalated compounds were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. The synthesized nanocomposites, filled in the gelatin capsules followed by coating of Eudragit® L 100, were tested for in vitro drug release performance in the sequential buffer environments at 37 ± 0.5 °C. As no drug release (0%) was observed in the gastric fluid, the coating of Eudragit® L 100 to the capsules is highly adequate. However, the drug release rate was comparatively faster from the CS intercalated clay with compare with pure clay. The drug release kinetic data revealed that the release of QUI from the nanocomposites can be explained by modified Freundlich model. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Improved efficiency of organic solar cells with modified hole‐extraction layers
Authors: Li Jiao , Liu Juncheng , Gao Congjie 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of this work has been to study the influence of modified hole‐extraction layers on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) based on blends of poly (3‐hexylthiophene) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester. The hole‐extraction layers consist of poly (3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS) doped with different concentrations of bromine. Compared with pristine OSC without adding bromine to the hole‐extraction layer, the bromine‐doped OSCs show a 49% increase in the power conversion efficiency (from 2.12 to 3.16%), which could be attributed to the increase of electrical and optical properties of PEDOT:PSS films after the addition of bromine. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 50: 125–128, 2012
InAs/InP QDs grown by selective MOVPE growth using double‐cap procedure for broadband LED improved p‐cladding layer
Authors: Iwane Y. , Kawashima F. , Hirooka M. , Saegusa T. , Shimomura K. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractMore than 400nm broadband luminescence was obtained from 3 layered InAs/InP QDs array waveguides. InAs QDs were grown by Stranski‐Krastanov grown mode using selective MOVPE growth and double cap procedure. The selective MOVPE was performed using 16 stripe mask array with a wide mask at one side of the array. The heights of the QDs were controlled vertically by changing the first‐cap layer thickness during the double‐cap procedure. Furthermore, we have tried to control the emission energy of QDs by changing the Ga composition of GaxIn1‐xAs buffer layer under the QDs. By using these techniques, we have fabricated the broadband emission devices. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Science education and test‐based accountability: Reviewing their relationship and exploring implications for future policy
Authors: Anderson Kevin J.B. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAssuming that quality science education plays a role in economic growth within a country, it becomes important to understand how education policy might influence science education teaching and learning. This integrative research review draws on Cooper's methodology (Cooper, 1982; Cooper & Hedges, 2009) to synthesize empirical findings on the relationship between science education and test‐based accountability policies. Current accountability policy, particularly at the federal level, is intended to influence educators to more fully consider the needs of all students; however, research suggests that, under these policies, many research‐based reform efforts in science become sidetracked, teacher practice becomes more fact based, science is taught less, teachers become less satisfied, and many students' needs are not met. Therefore, a clear understanding of educators' perceptions of the impacts of current test‐based accountability policies should guide the development and implementation of the next generation of national science standards and subsequent large‐scale assessments. By also delineating the limitations of the research into the perceived connections between test‐based accountability and science education, this synthesis reveals further research to be done. Finally, this paper details what the reviewed research suggests for improvements to K‐12 science education accountability policies. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96:104–129, 2012
Diversification in the venture capital industry: leveraging knowledge under uncertainty
Authors: Matusik Sharon F. , Fitza Markus A. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis study contributes to the research on the effect of diversification on performance under conditions of uncertainty. More specifically, we examine diversification in the context of venture capital firms. Drawing on the knowledge and organizational learning literature, we hypothesize that firms benefit from either low levels of diversification because of efficiencies in processing knowledge or high levels of diversification because of access to broad information that facilitates solving complex problems and the ability to direct a portfolio company down different trajectories. Consistent with our hypotheses, we find a U‐shaped relationship. Firms benefit from either low or high levels of diversification; moderate levels yield the poorest results. When uncertainty is highest (i.e., early stage investing, no coinvestors), the effects are most pronounced. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hardening of the Nanoparticle–Protein Corona in Metal (Au, Ag) and Oxide (Fe3O4, CoO, and CeO2) Nanoparticles
Authors: Casals Eudald , Pfaller Tobias , Duschl Albert , Oostingh Gertie J. , Puntes Víctor F. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe surface modifications of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 7 to 20 nm dispersed in commonly used cell culture medium supplemented with serum are investigated. All the tested nanoparticles adsorb proteins onto their surface, thereby forming a protein corona through a dynamic process evolving towards an irreversible coating (hard protein corona). Despite the fact that the studied nanomaterials have similar characteristics of hydrophobicity and surface charge, different temporal patterns of the protein corona formation are observed that can be considered a fingerprint for nanoparticle identification. Some of the biological and toxicological implications of the formation of the nanoparticle–protein corona are studied using the human monocytic cell line THP‐1 exposed to cobalt oxide nanoparticles. Results show that production of reactive oxygen species is decreased if the nanoparticles are preincubated for 48 h with serum.
Resummation methods
Authors: Goodson David Z. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractResummation methods can significantly improve the accuracy of ab initio electronic structure computations without increasing the computational cost. For perturbation theories, resummation methods can be designed by constructing approximants to model the known singularity structure of the theory in the complex plane of the perturbation parameter. Quadratic approximants for the fourth‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP4) greatly improve the accuracy for the ground‐state energy and provide information about singularity positions that can be used to select an optimal summation method. The Coupled cluster theories CCSD (coupled clusters with single and double excitations), CCSDT (with triple excitations), CCSDTQ (with quadruple excitations), and CCSD(T) (with a triples correction from perturbation theory) can be resummed using approximants that model the empirically observed convergence patterns of the Hartree–Fock (HF), CCSD, CCSD(T) and HF, CCSD, CCSDT, CCSDTQ sequences. Coupling‐constant perturbation theories of molecular vibration and of atoms in external fields, and semiclassical perturbation theories also benefit from appropriate approximants. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
CNS Disease in the Cat: Current Knowledge of Infectious Causes
Authors: Gunn-Moore Danièlle A , Reed Nicki 
Published: November 2011

Practical relevance Neurological disease is a relatively common reason for referral, constituting approximately 10% of the feline referral caseload. Nearly one-third to one-half of these cases may be infectious in origin. As such, an awareness of infectious diseases causing central nervous system (CNS) signs in cats, and their clinical diagnosis and management, is relevant to anyone dealing with cats on a regular basis. Global importance Some conditions (eg, rabies) are more common in certain countries than others. Conditions such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and toxoplasmosis are of global significance. Patient group Many infectious diseases may affect any feline population. Some, such as FIP, are more common in pedigree households, whereas others such as toxoplasmosis, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) or feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infections, are more likely to affect a single cat with an outdoor lifestyle. Equipment All patients benefit from thorough history taking and clinical, neurological and ophthalmic examinations, which all require minimal equipment. Infectious diseases may often be diagnosed on blood samples; however, definitive diagnosis may require more extensive investigation involving cerebrospinal fluid analysis or advanced imaging necessitating access to computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Evidence base The information in this review, which summarises current knowledge of infectious diseases affecting the CNS, is collated from publications on the infectious diseases comprising previous research papers, review articles, case series, case reports and textbooks, supplemented by the clinical experience of the authors.
The structure of low-Froude-number lee waves over an isolated obstacle
Authors: Dalziel Stuart B. , Patterson Michael D. , Caulfield C. P. , Le Brun Stéphane 
Published: November 2011

AbstractWe present new insight into the classical problem of a uniform flow, linearly stratified in density, past an isolated three-dimensional obstacle. We demonstrate how, for a low-Froude-number obstacle, simple linear theory with a linearized boundary condition is capable of providing excellent quantitative agreement with laboratory measurements of the perturbation to the density field. It has long been known that such a flow may be divided into two regions, an essentially horizontal flow around the base of the obstacle and a wave-generating flow over the top of the obstacle, but until now the experimental diagnostics have not been available to test quantitatively the predicted features. We show that recognition of a small slope that develops across the obstacle in the surface separating these two regions is vital to rationalize experimental measurements with theoretical predictions. Utilizing the principle of stationary phase and causality arguments to modify the relationship between wavenumbers in the lee waves, linearized theory provides a detailed match in both the wave amplitude and structure to our experimental observations. Our results demonstrate that the structure of the lee waves is extremely sensitive to departures from horizontal flow, a detail that is likely to be important for a broad range of geophysical manifestations of these waves.
The Ever Memorable Mr. John Hales
Authors: Scott Nancy E. 
Published: November 2011

In the midst of dusty records in long-forgotten corners of history one sometimes comes pleasantly upon personalities which have all the freshness and charm of present-day acquaintances. At once they become such real friends that one wonders how they have escaped more general notice. One feels that it must have been untoward circumstances only which veiled their light and kept its radiance from shining down the centuries to reveal them at least to their spiritual kin of later times.Such a one was John Hales of Eton College, called curiously enough by his own generation and that following the “ever memorable.”
An Unknown Source of Luther's Theology
Authors: Pfeiffer Robert H. 
Published: November 2011

In his article ‘A Decade of Luther Study’ (Harvard Theological Review for April 1921, p. 111) , Preserved Smith says of A. V. Müller: “His own thesis, doubtless carried too far, is that everything in Luther can be found in his predecessors, and that there is practically nothing original at all in the Reformer's thought.”In two articles, to which Preserved Smith does not refer, Müller has collected concrete evidence in support of his view. He there compares the theology of two members of Luther's order (the Augustinian) with that of Luther, showing that there is a perfect agreement on many important points between Agostino Favaroni and Jacobus Perez on the one hand, and Luther on the other.
Current Developments in Medical Ethics
Authors: Cabot Richard C. 
Published: November 2011

The growth and shape of a human skeleton are determined, not solely by inheritance and nutrition, but partly also by what its possessor does with his bones. They become compressed here, enlarged there, in response to tugging muscles or sagging burdens.So with medical ethics. The codes and standards of the physician depend in part on the peculiar strains and stresses, the special irritations and inspirations of his professional work. He may turn away from them all, unbranded and undeveloped by his lot. If so, he remains the exceptional man to whom the conclusions of this essay have no application.
A Jewish Life of Jesus
Authors: Moore George Foot 
Published: November 2011

Jesus Of Nazareth. His Times, His Life, And His Teachings. By Joseph Klausner, Jerusalem, 1922.The author of this Life of Jesus is a well-known scholar, who has written much, especially in Hebrew periodicals such as “Ha-Shiloh,” of which he became editor in 1903. To Christian scholars he is best known by “Die Messianischen Vorstellungen des jüdischen Volkes im Zeitalter der Tannaiten” (Berlin, 1904), a work distinguished to its advantage from the ordinary literature on the subject by the limitation of its field to a definite period, the first two centuries of the Christian era, and to sources recognized as authoritative. In that volume he showed himself amply acquainted with the modern Christian literature on Jewish messianic beliefs and expectations. In his Life of Jesus the same familiarity with New Testament criticism and discussion, down to the most recent, and with writings that deal at large or incidentally with the life and teaching of Jesus, appears on every page. It is, as he says, the first time that a Jewish scholar, writing in Hebrew and primarily for Jewish readers, has attempted to present the life of Jesus in the light of historical criticism and with the methods of the modern historian; previous lives of Jesus in Hebrew having been written either for the purpose of converting Jews to Christianity or of combating this propaganda.
New Forces in Religious Education
Authors: Holmes Henry W. 
Published: November 2011

In 1866 a certain clergyman in New York wrote a discourse to which he gave this characteristic title: “Christian Education the Remedy for the Growing Ungodliness of the Times.” The production won in its day sufficient fame to be preserved as a pamphlet in the Harvard Library; but there it has long remained unsought, its presumptions of finality dependent at last, for even a bare reading, on some whim of historical curiosity. One need not so much as glance at the discourse to know why it lies, with many a like effort, quite forgotten. The title tells the story of its dogmatic temper, its easy ignorance of ends and means, its lack of insight into childhood. The point of view is naïvely, comfortably, loftily external: it recognizes no great problem in its subject, no need for new data, new thought, new purposes. Discourses of that sort are not written now—or, if written, not preserved.With every year, to be sure, far more is printed on the same general topic than was ever printed in the sixties. Even the inattentive lay reader cannot escape contemporary discussion of religious education; but the modern discourses are of a new kind. The Poole's Index list of magazine articles under Religious Education shows this growth and change with striking concreteness. Beginning in 1802, the Index for eighty years includes only fifteen references to the subject, all of which are serenely general in character. “Religious Education for the Masses”; “The Religious Education of a Family”; “The Religious Education of Children,” these titles fairly represent the kind of treatment which this topic inspired during the nineteenth century. The record in the Index for the four years beginning in 1902 offers a sharp contrast. There are thirty references under Religious Education, and of these a large majority bear titles which show that they are scientific in temper. They are intensive studies in the history or the principles of religious education, or formulations of definite problems in its theory or practice. These titles are characteristic: “Religious Education before the Reformation”; “The History of Religious Education in the Public Schools of Massachusetts”; “The Need of a Professional Consciousness in Religious Education”; “The Philosophy of the New Movement for Religious Education”; “The Place of Action in Religious Education;” “Scientific Aspects of Religious Education”; “The Relation of Religious Education to Science.”
Western Philosophy and Theology in the Thirteenth Century
Authors: De Wulf Maurice 
Published: November 2011

In regard to Western scholastic philosophy of the Middle Ages, every one repeats the laconic judgment, that it is “philosophy in the service, under the sway and direction, of Catholic theology.” It could be nothing else; and it seems that one has said everything after announcing this clear-cut formula. This current definition, susceptible of the most different meanings, is found on the first page of a recent book, published during the War, on the philosophy of the Middle Ages; and though the author gives a very mild interpretation of it, it is offered to the reader as an abridged thesis, in which one finds condensed all that is important to know on the subject. “Scholasticism is Philosophy placed at the service of already established ecclesiastical doctrine, or at least philosophy placed in such a dependence on this doctrine that it becomes an absolute Rule when both meet on common ground.”Now this current definition of scholastic philosophy in the Middle Ages defines it very badly, because it is a mixture of the true and the false, of accuracy and of inaccuracy. It must be distrusted, like those equivocal maxims which John Stuart Mill calls “sophisms of simple inspection,” which by force of repetition enjoy a kind of transeat or vogue in science without being questioned.
The Quest for Absolute Certainty
Authors: Jacks L. P. 
Published: November 2011

What is absolute certainty? Where is it to be found? Does it exist? Is there any belief of mankind which can be claimed as absolutely certain?It is difficult to define an absolute in any kind. One can only say that the absolute is that which wants nothing to make it complete. The absolute does not even want a philosopher to tell the world what the absolute is. So long as it wants a philosopher to expound it, to that extent it is not complete, and is therefore not the absolute.Spinoza saw this, and made it the corner-stone of his thought. He saw that Perfection must be capable of telling its own story. It cannot at one and the same time be perfect and yet in need of a human spokesman to explain it. A dumb absolute which needs you to give it a tongue, an unintelligible absolute which needs you to make it rational, a dead absolute which needs you to make it live and interesting, would be no absolute at all. So Spinoza begins his great treatise with admirable humility by defining God as the being who defines himself; who, just because he is all-perfect, needs no explainer, being fully competent to explain himself. God asks for no champions; wants no apologist; seeks for no witnesses. If he did, he would not be God. But Spinoza went too far.