bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginismus: Heightened Harm Avoidance and Pain Catastrophizing Cognitions
Authors: Borg Charmaine , Peters Madelon L. , Schultz Willibrord Weijmar , de Jong Peter J. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Catastrophic appraisal of experienced pain may promote hypervigilance and intense pain, while the personality trait of harm avoidance (HA) might prevent the occurrence of correcting such experiences. Women inflicted with vaginismus may enter a self-perpetuating downward spiral of increasing avoidance of (anticipated) pain. In vaginismus the anticipation of pain may give rise to catastrophic pain ideation. This may establish hypervigilance toward painful sexual stimuli, which consequently results in negative appraisal of sexual cues. This process could impair genital and sexual responding, intensify pain and trigger avoidance, which in turn may contribute to the onset and persistence of symptoms in vaginismus and to certain extent also in dyspareunia.

Aims
To investigate whether women suffering from vaginismus are characterized by heightened levels of habitual pain catastrophic cognitions, together with higher levels of HA.

Methods
This study consisted of three groups: a lifelong vaginismus group (N = 35, mean age = 28.4; standard deviation [SD] = 5.8), a dyspareunia group (N = 33, mean age = 26.7; SD = 6.8), and women without sexual complaints (N = 54, mean age = 26.5; SD = 6.7).

Main Outcome Measures
HA scale of Cloninger’s tridimensional personality questionnaire, and the pain catastrophizing scale.

Results
Specifically women inflicted with vaginismus showed significantly heightened levels of catastrophic pain cognitions compared with the other two groups, as well as significant enhanced HA vs. the control group, and a trend vs. the dyspareunia group. Both traits were shown to have cumulative predictive validity for the presence of vaginismus.

Conclusion
This study focused on the personality traits of catastrophizing pain cognitions and HA in women with lifelong vaginismus. Our findings showed that indeed, women suffering from vaginismus are characterized by trait of HA interwoven with habitual pain catastrophizing cognitions. This study could help in the refinement of the current conceptualization and might shed light on the already available treatment options for women with vaginismus.
10-Year Analysis of Adverse Event Reports to the Food and Drug Administration for Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitors
Authors: Lowe Gregory , Costabile Raymond A. 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT

Introduction
To ensure public safety all Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications undergo postapproval safety analysis. Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5-i) are generally regarded as safe and effective.

Aim
We performed a nonindustry-sponsored analysis of FDA reports for sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil to evaluate the reported cardiovascular and mortality events over the past 10 years.

Methods
Summarized reports of adverse events (AEs) for each PDE5-i were requested from the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research within the FDA. These data are available under the Freedom of Information Act and document industry and nonindustry reports of AEs entered into the computerized system maintained by the Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology.

Main Outcome Measure
The data were analyzed for the number of AE reports, number of objective cardiovascular events, and reported deaths.

Results
Overall, 14,818 AEs were reported for sildenafil. There were 1,824 (12.3%) reported deaths, and reports of cardiovascular AEs numbered 2,406 (16.2%). Tadalafil was associated with 5,548 AEs and 236 deaths were reported. Vardenafil was associated with 6,085 AEs and 121 reports of deaths. The percentage of reported severe cardiovascular disorders has stabilized at 10% to 15% of all AE reports for sildenafil and tadalafil and 5% to 10% for vardenafil. Only 10% of AE reports sent to the FDA for PDE5-i were from pharmaceutical manufacturers.

Conclusion
Reports of deaths associated with PDE5-i remain around 5% of total reported events. Despite inherent limitations from evaluating FDA reports of AEs, it is important that these reports be reviewed outside pharmaceutical industry support in order to provide due diligence and transparency.
LiSb3O8 as a Prospective Anode Material for Lithium‐ion Battery
Authors: Kundu Manab , Mahanty Sourindra , Basu Rajendra N. 
Published: October 2011

Electrochemical properties of LiSb3O8 were investigated as an anode in lithium‐ion coin cells. Li insertion in this material occurs in a single step at ~0.75 V vs Li/Li+, but the corresponding Li extraction takes place in two successive stages at ~1.12 and ~1.4 V. Reversible capacities of 305 and 297 mAh/g could be obtained at 0.1 and 0.2 mA/cm2, respectively, up to 50 cycles.
Primordial magnetic field constraints from the end of reionization
Authors: Schleicher Dominik R. G. , Miniati Francesco 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACT
Primordial magnetic fields generated in the early Universe are subject of considerable investigation, and observational limits on their strength are required to constrain the theory. Due to their impact on the reionization process, the strength of primordial fields can be limited using the latest data on reionization and the observed UV luminosity function of high-redshift galaxies. Given the steep faint-end slope of the luminosity function, faint galaxies contribute substantial ionizing photons, and the low-luminosity cut-off has an impact on the total budget thereof. Magnetic pressure from primordial fields affects such cut-off by preventing collapse in haloes with mass below 1010 M, with B0 the comoving field strength. In this Letter, the implications of these effects are consistently incorporated in a simplified model for reionization, and the uncertainties due to the cosmological parameters, the reionization parameters and the observed UV luminosity function are addressed. We show that the observed ionization degree at z∼ 7 leads to the strongest upper limit of B0≲ 2–3 nG. Stronger limits could follow from measurements of high ionization degree at z &gt; 7.
GeoSymbio: a hybrid, cloud‐based web application of global geospatial bioinformatics and ecoinformatics for Symbiodinium–host symbioses
Authors: FRANKLIN ERIK C. , STAT MICHAEL , POCHON XAVIER , PUTNAM HOLLIE M. , GATES RUTH D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe genus Symbiodinium encompasses a group of unicellular, photosynthetic dinoflagellates that are found free living or in hospite with a wide range of marine invertebrate hosts including scleractinian corals. We present GeoSymbio, a hybrid web application that provides an online, easy to use and freely accessible interface for users to discover, explore and utilize global geospatial bioinformatic and ecoinformatic data on Symbiodinium–host symbioses. The novelty of this application lies in the combination of a variety of query and visualization tools, including dynamic searchable maps, data tables with filter and grouping functions, and interactive charts that summarize the data. Importantly, this application is hosted remotely or ‘in the cloud’ using Google Apps, and therefore does not require any specialty GIS, web programming or data programming expertise from the user. The current version of the application utilizes Symbiodinium data based on the ITS2 genetic marker from PCR‐based techniques, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, sequencing and cloning of specimens collected during 1982–2010. All data elements of the application are also downloadable as spatial files, tables and nucleic acid sequence files in common formats for desktop analysis. The application provides a unique tool set to facilitate research on the basic biology of Symbiodinium and expedite new insights into their ecology, biogeography and evolution in the face of a changing global climate. GeoSymbio can be accessed at https://sites.google.com/site/geosymbio/.
Evaluation of two approaches to genotyping major histocompatibility complex class I in a passerine—CE‐SSCP and 454 pyrosequencing
Authors: PROMEROVÁ MARTA , BABIK WIESŁAW , BRYJA JOSEF , ALBRECHT TOMÁŠ , STUGLIK MICHAŁ , RADWAN JACEK 
Published: October 2011

AbstractGenes of the highly dynamic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are directly linked to individual fitness and are of high interest in evolutionary ecology and conservation genetics. Gene duplication and positive selection usually lead to high levels of polymorphism in the MHC region, making genotyping of MHC a challenging task. Here, we compare the performance of two methods for MHC class I genotyping in a passerine with highly duplicated MHC class I genes: capillary electrophoresis‐single‐strand conformation polymorphism (CE‐SSCP) analysis and 454 GS FLX Titanium pyrosequencing. According to our findings, the number of MHC variants (called alleles for simplicity) detected by CE‐SSCP is significantly lower than detected by 454. To resolve discrepancies between the two methods, we cloned and Sanger sequenced a MHC class I amplicon for an individual with high number of alleles. We found a perfect congruence between cloning/Sanger sequencing results and 454. Thus, in case of multi‐locus amplification, CE‐SSCP considerably underestimates individual MHC diversity. However, numbers of alleles detected by both methods are significantly correlated, although the correlation is weak (r = 0.32). Thus, in systems with highly duplicated MHC, 454 provides more reliable information on individual diversity than CE‐SSCP.
Learning From the Body About the Mind
Authors: Riley Michael A. , Shockley Kevin , Van Orden Guy 
Published: October 2011

AbstractIn some areas of cognitive science we are confronted with ultrafast cognition, exquisite context sensitivity, and scale‐free variation in measured cognitive activities. To move forward, we suggest a need to embrace this complexity, equipping cognitive science with tools and concepts used in the study of complex dynamical systems. The science of movement coordination has benefited already from this change, successfully circumventing analogous paradoxes by treating human activities as phenomena of self‐organization. Therein, action and cognition are seen to be emergent in ultrafast symmetry breaking across the brain and body; exquisitely constituted of the otherwise trivial details of history, context, and environment; and exhibiting the characteristic scale‐free signature of self‐organization.
Abstract Concepts Require Concrete Models: Why Cognitive Scientists Have Not Yet Embraced Nonlinearly Coupled, Dynamical, Self‐Organized Critical, Synergistic, Scale‐Free, Exquisitely Context‐Sensitive, Interaction‐Dominant, Multifractal, Interdependent Brain‐Body‐Niche Systems
Authors: Wagenmakers Eric‐Jan , van der Maas Han L. J. , Farrell Simon 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAfter more than 15 years of study, the 1/f noise or complex‐systems approach to cognitive science has delivered promises of progress, colorful verbiage, and statistical analyses of phenomena whose relevance for cognition remains unclear. What the complex‐systems approach has arguably failed to deliver are concrete insights about how people perceive, think, decide, and act. Without formal models that implement the proposed abstract concepts, the complex‐systems approach to cognitive science runs the danger of becoming a philosophical exercise in futility. The complex‐systems approach can be informative and innovative, but only if it is implemented as a formal model that allows concrete prediction, falsification, and comparison against more traditional approaches.
A landscape‐based approach for assessing spatiotemporal impacts of forest biomass‐based electricity generation on the age structure of surrounding forest plantations in theSouthernUnitedStates
Authors: Dwivedi Puneet , Bailis Robert , Carter Douglas R. , Sharma Ajay 
Published: October 2011

AbstractForest plantations support several ecosystem services including biodiversity conservation. Establishment of a forest biomass‐based industry could significantly change the age structure of forest plantations located in its vicinity and thus, could lead to a possible loss of biodiversity. Therefore, this study assesses spatiotemporal impacts of a forest biomass‐based power plant on the age structure of surrounding forest plantations at landscape level. A cellular automata approach was adopted and interactions between economic objectives of forest landowners and a power plant owner punctuated by forest growth and management characteristics were considered. These spatiotemporal impacts were jointly assessed for four separate scenarios and four different power plant capacities using appropriate landscape‐level indices. Slash pine (Pinus elliottiL.) was selected as a representative species. Results indicate that the age structure of surrounding forest plantations continuously fluctuates with respect to each year of power plant operation. However, the age structure, once disturbed, never becomes comparable to the original age structure. We also found that the mature plantations were harvested during early years of power plant operation and were never observed again for the remaining years of power plant operation. This was particularly true for high capacity power plants. Similarly, high value of selected spatial index at the end of power plant life for a high capacity power plant relative to the original low value of the same index indicates aggregation of remaining plantation ages at landscape level. Establishment of low capacity forest biomass‐based power plants and adoption of an integrated regional level planning approach could help in maintaining original age structure characteristics of surrounding forest plantations to a large extent. This might help in sustaining various ecosystem services including biodiversity conservation obtained from forest plantations in a long run.
Delays in attentional processing when viewing sexual imagery: The development and comparison of two measures
Authors: Gress Carmen L.Z. , Anderson John O. , Laws D. Richard 
Published: October 2011

Purpose. Critically important to effectively treating and managing sexual offending is the identification or validation of an offender's deviant sexual interests as the nature of their sexual interests is what demarcates repetitive sexual offenders from non‐offenders and lower risk offenders. As an alternative or verification to self‐report or phallometric measures, focus has turned to attention‐based measures. These measures assess sexual content‐induced delay (SCID), a specific form of attentional bias associated with preferred sexual content (images or text). Viewing time (VT) and choice reaction time (CRT) were developed and utilized to assess sexual interest via SCID (Geer & Bellard, 1996) and examine the measures’ clinical utility via estimates of sensitivity and specificity.Method. Participants were 44 youth non‐sexual offenders, 60 university students, and 22 adult sexual offenders. Differences between groups were examined on various sub‐scores and receiver operator characteristic curves provided information on clinical utility.Results. The VT and CRT measures produced subtest scores with high reliability in all three samples. There were significant differences in VT between the adult sexual offenders and the youth non‐sexual offenders, but not between the youth non‐sexual offenders and the university students. Some of the VT subtests demonstrated good clinical utility in their ability to differentiate adult heterosexual sexual offenders from non‐sexual offenders (e.g., area under the curve (AUC) = 0.87 female mature images, 0.88 male child images). Interestingly, the VT and CRT measures provided significantly different results.Conclusion. The results of this study provide further evidence that measures of SCID are accurate and are useful as indications of sexual interest. Differences between measures suggest, however, that further work is required.
Taming the green‐eyed monster: Temporal responsivity to cognitive behavioural and cognitive analytic therapy for morbid jealousy
Authors: Kellett Stephen , Totterdell Peter 
Published: October 2011

Objectives. Credible evaluations of the psychological treatment of morbid jealousy are rare. The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal responsivity to cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and cognitive analytic therapy (CAT) for morbid jealousy.Design. The methodology involved matched A/B single‐case experimental designs (SCED) with extended follow‐up, in which two patients and their partners completed daily jealousy target symptom items across the phases of the study. Patients also completed traditional psychometric outcome measures at assessment, post‐therapy, and at final follow‐up.Methods. Both patients received the same number of assessment (n = 3), treatment (n = 13), and follow‐up (n = 1) sessions.Results. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models of the patients’ daily target symptom jealousy SCED data indicate the effectiveness of the CAT intervention and the ineffectiveness of the CBT intervention, but both therapies produced large effect sizes. The partner of the CBT patient felt less controlled following therapy, whilst the partner of CAT patient did not perceive any change to his partner.Conclusion. The discussion calls for a stronger evidence base for the psychological treatment of morbid jealousy to be constructed and debates the routine measurement of outcomes for partners of morbidly jealous patients.Practitioner points

Measuring outcomes for partners of jealous patients is indicated.

CAT shows promise as an intervention for morbid jealousy.

The evidence base for the treatment of morbid jealousy requires further development.
Analysis of shear strain imaging for classifying breast masses: Finite element and phantom results
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Varghese Tomy , Madsen Ernest L. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose:Features extracted from axial‐shear strain images of breast masses have been previously utilized to differentiate and classify benign from malignant breast masses. In this paper, we compare shear strain patterns exhibited by both the full‐shear (axial and lateral component) versus only the axial‐shear strain component for differentiating between bound masses (malignant) when compared to unbound masses (benign).Methods:We examine different breast mass characteristics such as mass shape, asymmetric location of masses, stiffness variations, and mass bonding characteristics to background tissue to assess their impact on shear strain patterns generated due to a uniaxial applied deformation. Two‐dimensional finite element simulations of both circular and elliptical inclusions embedded within a uniform background were utilized. Different degrees of bonding were characterized using friction coefficient values ranging from 0.01 to 100 denoting loosely bound to firmly bound masses. Single‐inclusion tissue‐mimicking phantoms mimicking firmly bound and loosely bound ellipsoidal masses oriented at four different angles to the applied deformation were studied to corroborate the mass differentiation performance.Results:Our results indicate that the normalized axial‐shear strain and full‐shear strain area features are larger for bound when compared to unbound masses. A higher stiffness ratio or contrast between the inclusion and background also improves differentiation. Larger applied deformations reduce the discrimination performance for masses with friction coefficients lower than 0.4, due to increased mass slippage with applied deformations. Potential errors with the use of these features would occur for unbound inclusions at larger applied deformations and for asymmetric mass positions within the background normal tissue.Conclusions:Finite element and tissue‐mimicking phantom results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing both the normalized axial‐shear and full‐shear strain area features to classify breast masses. Differentiation between bound or unbound masses was not affected by the mass size or shape for masses where the applied deformation is normal to the mass surface. Shear strain patterns vary significantly especially within unbound masses, when the mass surface is not normal to the applied deformation. Discrimination performance for unbound masses was improved by utilizing only the normalized shear strain area patterns located outside the mass as illustrated in this paper.
K‐space reconstruction with anisotropic kernel support (KARAOKE) for ultrafast partially parallel imaging
Authors: Miao Jun , Wong Wilbur C. K. , Narayan Sreenath , Wilson David L. 
Published: October 2011

Purpose:Partially parallel imaging (PPI) greatly accelerates MR imaging by using surface coil arrays and under‐sampling k‐space. However, the reduction factor (R) in PPI is theoretically constrained by the number of coils (NC). A symmetrically shaped kernel is typically used, but this often prevents even the theoretically possible R from being achieved. Here, the authors propose a kernel design method to accelerate PPI faster than R = NC.Methods:K‐space data demonstrates an anisotropic pattern that is correlated with the object itself and to the asymmetry of the coil sensitivity profile, which is caused by coil placement and B1 inhomogeneity. From spatial analysis theory, reconstruction of such pattern is best achieved by a signal‐dependent anisotropic shape kernel. As a result, the authors propose the use of asymmetric kernels to improve k‐space reconstruction. The authors fit a bivariate Gaussian function to the local signal magnitude of each coil, then threshold this function to extract the kernel elements. A perceptual difference model (Case‐PDM) was employed to quantitatively evaluate image quality.Results:A MR phantom experiment showed that k‐space anisotropy increased as a function of magnetic field strength. The authors tested a K‐spAce Reconstruction with AnisOtropic KErnel support (“KARAOKE”) algorithm with both MR phantom andin vivo data sets, and compared the reconstructions to those produced by GRAPPA, a popular PPI reconstruction method. By exploiting k‐space anisotropy, KARAOKE was able to better preserve edges, which is particularly useful for cardiac imaging and motion correction, while GRAPPA failed at a high R near or exceeding NC. KARAOKE performed comparably to GRAPPA at low Rs.Conclusions:As a rule of thumb, KARAOKE reconstruction should always be used for higher quality k‐space reconstruction, particularly when PPI data is acquired at highRs and/or high field strength.
The effect of pressure on thermal diffusivity in pyroxenes
Authors: Hunt S. A. , Walker A. M. , McCormack R. J. , Dobson D. P. , Wills A. S. , Li L. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe thermal diffusivity of diopside, jadeite and enstatite were measured at simultaneous pressures and temperatures of up to 7 GPa and 1200 K using the X-radiographic Ångström method. The measurements herein show that the pressure dependency of thermal diffusivity in pyroxenes is significantly greater than in olivine or garnet and that in the MORB-layer of a subducting slab the thermal diffusivity of pyroxenes are a factor of 1.5 greater than that of olivine. The temperature dependence of all the data sets is well described by a low-order polynomial fit to 1/K and the pressure dependence is exponential in 1/K, formulations which are consistent with the damped harmonic oscillator model for thermal properties.