bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Festkörperchemie 2004
Authors: Niewa Rainer , Wilmer Dirk 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolymerer Stickstoff, komplexe Metallate, endohedrale und aromatische Metallcluster, intermetallische Phasen mit invarianten und variablen Teilstrukturen waren Highlights der Grundlagenforschung. Bekannte Materialien, intelligent prozessiert, eröffnen Möglichkeiten für Li‐Batterien und Brennstoffzellen sowie ultrahelle Leuchtdioden; Kohlenstoffnanoröhren gibt es nun zentimetergroß, aber auch als extrem kleine Feldeffekttransistoren.
Theoretische Chemie 2004
Authors: Stock Gerhard , Luckhaus David , Holthausen Max C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDurch Kombination von klassischen und quantenmechanischen Theorien lassen sich Quantenphänomene mittlerweile auch in komplexen Systemen wie Flüssigkeiten, Nanostrukturen und Biomolekülen beschreiben. Die theoretische Spektroskopie ist das Bindeglied zwischen Molekülphysik und Reaktionsdynamik. Fortschritte in der Methodenentwicklung machen den routinemäßigen Einsatz in Analytik und Strukturchemie absehbar. Die Dichtefunktionaltheorie hat sich zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil der chemischen Forschung entwickelt. Die Suche nach Lösungen für fundamentale Probleme bleibt aber schwierig.
Inhaltsstoffe im Hustensaft
Authors: Marten Silvia , Harms Jonny 
Published: May 2010

AbstractGesucht war eine schnelle, robuste HPLC‐Methode, um Inhaltsstoffe in Hustensaft simultan zu bestimmen. Die Trennung der Wirkstoffe Codein, Pseudoefedrin und Guaifenesin durch Umkehrphasen hat sich als optimal erwiesen.
Multimediale Materialien in der Lehre
Authors: Boeck Gisela , Rost Birgit , Schunk Axel 
Published: May 2010

AbstractMultimediale Lehrmaterialien können die Lehrqualität an den Hochschulen verbessern ‐ vor allem bei Chemie als Nebenfach. Voraussetzung ist, dass die Dozenten multimediale Angebote mit klassischen Lehrformen kombinieren.
Vom Chemikalienhersteller zum Dienstleister
Authors: Joas Reinhard 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBei Leasingmodellen für Chemikalien übernehmen die Hersteller Verantwortung für die Verwendung ihrer Produkte bis hin zur Entsorgung. Dazu bieten sie ein umfangreiches Dienstleistungsprogramm, optimieren industrielle Anwendungen und bleiben oft sogar Eigentümer der Chemikalien. Kunden zahlen für Leistung, nicht für die Menge. Der Outsourcing‐Trend in der industriellen Produktion gibt Service‐Modellen Auftrieb.
Hundert Jahre III. Hauptsatz der Thermodynamik
Authors: Bartel Hans‐Georg 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDas „Nernstsche Wärmetheorem”︁, im gleichen Jahr wie Einsteins „Spezielle Relativitätstheorie”︁ erstmals formuliert, hat nicht nur das Axiomensystem der klassischen Thermodynamik vollendet, sondern der Behandlung von (technisch relevanten) Gasreaktionen bei hohen Temperaturen eine neue Qualität gegeben. Neben der Thermochemie hat Walther Nernst damit aber auch die Tieftemperaturphysik und die Quantentheorie befördert.
Die deutsche Chemie wächst in China mit
Authors: Neubauer Uta 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOb als Partner in einem Joint Venture oder im Alleingang ‐ die chemische Industrie zieht es nach China, denn dort sitzen die Verbraucher. Die Produktion wandert zum Kunden, und immer mehr Firmen forschen und entwickeln auch im Reich der Mitte.
Phenolische Säuren in pflanzlichen Lebensmitteln
Authors: Bunzel Mirko 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPhenolischen Verbindungen werden antioxidative, antimutagene und anticancerogene Wirkungen nachgesagt. Aber auch als Aromavorläufer und Polysaccharid‐und Polysaccharid‐Protein‐Cross‐Links stehen sie im Fokus der Wissenschaft.
Qualitätssicherung als Unterrichtsfach
Authors: Wenclawiak Bernd 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObwohl Qualitätssicherung in der analytischen Chemie essentiell ist, wird sie im Chemiestudium vernachlässigt. Die Reform der Chemiestudiengänge bietet die Chance, dies zu ändern und jedem Chemiker die Grundlagen zu vermitteln.
Die nächsten Schritte im Bologna‐Prozess
Authors: Mitchell Terence 
Published: May 2010

AbstractInzwischen gehören 45 Länder zum europäischen Hochschulraum, so dass er bis 2010 von Cork bis Vladivostok und von Kreta bis zum Nordkap reichen wird. Mitte Mai kamen die für den Bologna‐Prozess zuständigen Minister im norwegischen Bergen zusammen, um Bilanz zu ziehen. Ein Thema war der Studienabschnitt Promotion.
Interdisziplinäre Arbeit als Schlüssel zum Erfolg
Authors: Laube Bettina 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDas Deutsche Kunststoff‐Institut in Darmstadt feiert sein 50‐jähriges Bestehen. Als eine der ältesten derartigen Einrichtungen ist seine Geschichte eng mit der Entwicklung der deutschen Kunststoffindustrie verknüpft. Seit Beginn der großtechnischen Kunststoffproduktion in Deutschland trägt die Arbeit des Instituts wesentlich zu den Fortschritten der Polymerchemie und der Kunststoffverarbeitung bei.
Heidelberg Forum of Molecular Catalysis 2005
Authors: Kunz Doris 
Published: May 2010

AbstractZum dritten Mal nach 2001 und 2003 fand Anfang Juli das „Heidelberg Forum of Molecular Catalyis”︁ (HFMC} mit drei Gastrednern aus den USA und der Verleihung des „BASF Catalysis Award”︁ statt. Das Symposium organisiert der SFB 623 „Molekulare Katalyse: Struktur und Funktionsdesign”︁ (www.sfb623.uni‐hd.de) an der Universität Heidelberg; die BASF finanziert. Über 500 Teilnehmer aus Deutschland und den angrenzenden Nachbarländern waren der Einladung gefolgt.
Bioraffinerien ‐ USA und Europa gehen gemeinsame Wege
Authors: Kamm Birgit , Kamm Teltow‐Seehof Michael 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDer erste europäisch‐amerikanische Biorefinery Workshop präsentierte Eckpunkte einer Zusammenarbeit zwischen den USA und der EU, um die Biomassewirtschaft grenzüberschreitend zu fördern. Die USA sind den Europäern ein ganzes Stück voraus.
Automatisierte Reaktionssysteme
Authors: Thurow Kerstin , Decker Stefanie , Allwardt Arne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSubstanzen durch katalytische Hochdruckreaktionen zu synthetisieren, ist neu in der Wirkstoffforschung. Die Laborautomaten für das Hochdurchsatzscreening sind entsprechend anzupassen.
Zum Beispiel Beate Pfannemüller
Authors: Nehls Irene 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDas Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie der Universität Freiburg wurde bekannt durch den Chemie‐Nobelpreis für Hermann Staudinger. Weniger bekannt ist, dass das Institut auch erfolgreiche Forscherinnen hervorgebracht hat: Unter ihnen Beate Pfannemüller und Elfriede Husemann. Mit Beate Pfannemüller sprach Petra Mischnick.
ADAM12 is an effective marker in the second trimester of pregnancy for prenatal screening of Down syndrome
Authors: Wang Min , Lu Shiming , Zhu Yuning , Li Hui 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the use of maternal serum ADAM12 as a second‐trimester Down syndrome serum marker.MethodsSamples from a total of 46 Down syndrome pregnancies and 184 unaffected singleton pregnancies matched for gestational age and maternal weight were retrieved from storage and measured for ADAM12; 35 false‐positive pregnancies were included among the controls to assess reductions in false‐positive rates by inclusion of ADAM12 in the risk calculation of an algorithm that used α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (double screen).ResultsADAM12 was measured and expressed as multiple of the gestation‐specific median (MoM) and corrected for maternal weight. The median ADAM12 level in the affected pregnancies was 1.26 MoM compared with 1.0 MoM in the unaffected control pregnancies (p < 0.05). In unaffected pregnancies, there was a significant correlation between ADAM12 and AFP (r = 0.314) but not hCG (r = 0.018). Statistical modeling predicted that ADAM12 as a second serum marker could increase the detection rate from 48 to 85%, while reducing the false‐negative and false‐positive rates.ConclusionADAM12 can be used as an effective second‐trimester serum marker for prenatal screening of Down syndrome. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of The Health Improvement Network (THIN) primary care database for monitoring prescriptions for smoking cessation medications
Authors: Langley Tessa E. , Szatkowski Lisa , Gibson Jack , Huang Yue , McNeill Ann , Coleman Tim , Lewis Sarah 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPurposeEvaluation of tobacco policy requires high quality and timely data on smoking cessation behaviour in the general population and in relevant target groups. Electronic primary care databases have the potential to provide a valuable source of data due to their size and continuity, and the availability of demographic and socioeconomic data. We therefore sought to investigate whether The Health Improvement Network (THIN) prescribing data are complete and can therefore be used to monitor trends in the prescribing of smoking cessation medications.MethodsThe THIN smoking cessation medication prescriptions data for England were compared with smoking cessation medication dispensing data from NHS Prescription Services for January 2004 to December 2005.ResultsThroughout the period the rates of prescribing and dispensing were very similar, both for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and bupropion combined, and for each type of medication alone. For NRT, dispensing exceeded recorded GP prescribing by 5.5% during the study period. For bupropion, prescribing exceeded dispensing by 5%.ConclusionsTHIN prescribing and national dispensing data are highly comparable. THIN prescribing data could potentially be used to monitor longitudinal trends in prescribing for smoking cessation medications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep aid use during and following breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Moore Tiffany A. , Berger Ann M. , Dizona Paul 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: Knowledge of sleep aid use is limited despite the high prevalence of insomnia among women before, during, and following breast cancer adjuvant chemotherapy treatments (CTX). This study's purpose was to (1) determine the frequency and characteristics of participants taking sleep aid(s); (2) identify the frequency and percentage of sleep aid use by category (prescription sedative/hypnotics, prescription anti‐depressants, prescription analgesics, prescription anti‐emetics, over‐the‐counter (OTC) analgesics, OTC cold/flu/sinus, OTC sleep, alcohol, and herbal supplements); and (3) compare sleep aid use by category in the experimental and control groups within a randomized‐controlled clinical trial (RCT).Methods: Longitudinal, descriptive, secondary RCT data analysis of women (n=219) receiving out‐patient CTX, and at 30, 60, and 90 days following the last CTX and 1 year following CTX1. Participants recorded daily sleep aid use on a Sleep Diary. Analyses included descriptives, chi‐square, and RM‐ANOVA.Results: Approximately 20% of participants took at least one sleep aid before CTX1; usage decreased over time (12–18%); a second sleep aid was used infrequently. Prescription sedative/hypnotics (46%) and OTC analgesics (24%) were used most frequently. OTC sleep aids were most commonly used as a second aid. Prescription sedative/hypnotics [F(7,211)=4.26, p=0.00] and OTC analgesics [F(7,211)=2.38, p=0.023] use decreased significantly over time.Conclusions: Results reflect the natural course of CTX, recovery, and healing. Comprehensive screening for sleep–wake disturbances and sleep aid use may lead to a better understanding of the risks and benefits of pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic interventions, and ultimately lead to selection of the safest and most effective treatment. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study between zinc oxide elaborated by spray pyrolysis, electron beam evaporation and rf magnetron techniques
Authors: Khoury A. , al Asmar R. , Abdallah M. , Moussa G. El Hajj , Foucaran A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractZinc oxide thin films have been fabricated by spray pyrolysis, reactive e‐beam, and rf magnetron sputtering techniques. Structural, optical, and electrical properties have been compared in order to clarify the characteristics of each technique. X‐ray diffraction measurements have shown that ZnO films deposited by reactive e‐beam evaporation reveal tensile stress and ZnO thin layers deposited by magnetron sputtering and spray pyrolysis reveal compressive stress. Raman studies confirm the results obtained with XRD. Concerning the electric resistivity studies, we have seen that the layers exhibiting tensile stress are conductors whereas the films exhibiting compressive stress leads to insulators materials. The optical transmittance shows that the film evaporated by e‐beam exhibits a maximum transmittance of over 60%, the film deposited by electrostatic spray pyrolysis exhibits a maximum transmittance less than 70% and the one fabricated by magnetron was found to have a maximum transparency less than 75%. Finally, the study of the surface morphology has shown that the most respected stoichiometry ratio between Zn and O was obtained using the e‐beam evaporation and sputtering techniques.
Two‐dimensional confined photonic wire resonators – strong light–matter coupling
Authors: Schmidt‐Grund Rüdiger , Hilmer Helena , Hinkel Annekatrin , Sturm Chris , Rheinländer Bernd , Gottschalch Volker , Lange Martin , Zúñiga‐Pérez Jesus , Grundmann Marius 
Published: May 2010

AbstractOxide based Bragg reflector (BR) shells were grown conformally on various curved micro‐ and nanostructures by means of plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition and pulsed laser deposition. The BR shells on circular‐cylindrical shaped glass‐rods exhibit an omnidirectional Bragg stop‐band, which was confirmed by spatially resolved ellipsometry. Single free standing hexagonally shaped GaAs and ZnO nanopillars coated with lateral concentric BRs represent two‐dimensionally confined photonic‐wire resonators (PWR). Spatially resolved PL experiments in dependence on the pillar diameter and the temperature provide strong hints for the ZnO PWR being in the strong‐coupling regime. The coupling strength can be estimated to be $V = 80\,{\rm meV}$, reflecting the enhancement of the exciton–polariton coupling strength due to the reduction of the mode volume in such PWR. magnified image
Left: Scanning electron microscopy image of a BR coated ZnO nanopillar. The insets show longitudinal and cross‐sectional cuts of such a PWR. Right: Spectra of the photoluminescence in dependence of the core cavity diameter d taken from the lateral surface of a ZnO PWR. The mode evolution indicates strong light–matter coupling.
Defects in a nitrogen‐implanted ZnO thin film
Authors: Schmidt Matthias , Ellguth Martin , Schmidt Florian , Lüder Thomas , Wenckstern Holger v. , Pickenhain Rainer , Grundmann Marius , Brauer Gerhard , Skorupa Wolfgang 
Published: May 2010

AbstractDefects in a nitrogen implanted and thermally annealed zinc oxide thin film (n‐type conducting) and reference samples were studied. Space charge regions realised by fabrication of semitransparent palladium Schottky contacts enabled the application of capacitance spectroscopic methods and photo ‐ current measurements. We report on the formation of a deep level, in the following labelled TN1. It is 580 meV below the conduction band edge, probably related to nitrogen, and must be distinguished from the well known intrinsic deep level E4 at almost equal energetical depth. Capacitance measurements in combination with optical excitation, conducted at different temperatures, as well as photo‐current measurements revealed the existence of two states approximately 60 meV and 100 meV above the valence band edge for the nitrogen implanted sample. These states cause an acceptor compensation degree larger than 0.9. The thermal emission of holes from these states into the valence band was observed by optical deep level transient spectroscopy.
Electrochemical route to thermoelectric nanowires via organic electrolytes
Authors: Klammer Jana , Bachmann Julien , Töllner William , Bourgault Daniel , Cagnon Laurent , Gösele Ulrich , Nielsch Kornelius 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThermoelectric nanowires have been predicted to have superior properties compared to their bulk counterparts due to quantum confinement. We present the synthesis of chalcogenide nanowires A2B3 (A = Bi, Sb; B = S, Se, Te) and PbB (B = S, Se, Te) by electrochemical deposition into highly ordered porous Al2O3 membranes. The narrow pore size distribution of the templates reproducibly yields very homogeneous nanowires upon electrodeposition into the pores. The thermoelectric nanowires presented here were deposited from nonaqueous electrolytes based on Bi3+ and S (and their heavier counterparts). The transmission electron microscopy investigations on released nanowires show the homogeneous growth behavior of the material. We will present data on the Seebeck coefficients of nanowire ensembles of various IV–VI and V–VI materials embedded in the porous template.
Magnetic properties of Fe nanoclusters on Cu(111) studied with X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism
Authors: Fauth Kai , Ballentine Greg E. , Praetorius Christian , Kleibert Armin , Wilken Norman , Voitkans Andris , Meiwes‐Broer Karl‐Heinz 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe magnetisation and magnetic response of Fe nanoclusters are studied by temperature and density dependent in situ X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism after deposition onto Cu(111). The nanoclusters possess enhanced spin magnetic moments at low temperature, whereas no enhancement is found for the orbital moments. The analysis of magnetisation curves and the temperature dependent remnant magnetisation reveals that the individual magnetic anisotropy energies are distributed over a wide range of values, ranging from below to far above the value of bulk α‐Fe. As a result, ferromagnetic response is obtained at ambient temperature, even though the nanocluster densities range well below percolation threshold. At higher cluster densities agglomeration and substrate mediated interaction increase the mean blocking temperature in the particle ensemble. The observed macroscopic magnetic in‐plane anisotropy derives from the average dipolar interactions between the nanoclusters. Single particle properties, substrate mediated coupling and dipolar interactions thus independently contribute to magnetic characteristics on equal footing.
Synthesis of Er5(BO3)2F9 and Properties of RE5(BO3)2F9 (RE = Er, Yb)
Authors: Haberer Almut , Kaindl Reinhard , Konzett Jürgen , Glaum Robert , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEr5(BO3)2F9 was synthesised under conditions of 3 GPa and 800 °C in a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus. The crystal structure was determined on the basis of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data, collected at room temperature. Er5(BO3)2F9 is isotypic to the recently synthesised Yb5(BO3)2F9 and crystallises in C2/c with the lattice parameters a = 2031.2(4) pm, b = 609.5(2) pm, c = 824.6(2) pm, and β = 100.29(3)°. The physical properties of RE5(BO3)2F9 (RE = Er, Yb) including high temperature behaviour and single crystal IR‐ / Raman spectroscopy were investigated.
Early Cholecystectomy after Acute Admission with Cholecystitis: How Much Work?
Authors: Stephens Michael R. , Beaton Ceri , Steger Adrian C. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis study was designed to determine the number of cases and amount of operating room time required, for a population of 600,000, to provide definitive treatment in the form of cholecystectomy for all patients admitted as an emergency with cholecystitis.MethodsThe total number of patients admitted to a single NHS trust in South East Wales with the diagnosis of cholecystitis during a 1‐year period was assessed. The number of laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed and the time taken was investigated with the conversion rates.ResultsThere were a total of 787 individual emergency admissions attributed to cholecystitis, and 224 patients (36%) underwent cholecystectomy on the same admission. The median operative time was 77 (range, 23–238) min, and the median operating room time was 108 (range, 37–278) min. To treat all patients definitively would necessitate 12 cholecystectomies per week, requiring 1,296 min or 5.4 sessions of operating room time.ConclusionsA population of 600,000 could be expected to generate enough emergency cholecystectomies to require more than one operating session per day. A significant increase in emergency operating room availability would be necessary to allow the provision of definitive treatment for all emergency admissions with cholelithiasis.
Morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon Volcano (West Africa) and their bearing on the emplacement dynamics of volume-limited flows
Authors: SUH C. E. , STANSFIELD S. A. , SPARKS R. S. J. , NJOME M. S. , WANTIM M. N. , ERNST G. G. J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe morphology and structure of the 1999 lava flows at Mount Cameroon volcano are documented and discussed in relation to local and source dynamics. Structures are analysed qualitatively and more detailed arguments are developed on the processes of levee formation and systematic links between flow dynamics and levee–channel interface geometry. The flows have clear channels bordered by four main types of levees: initial, accretionary, rubble and overflow levees. Thermally immature pahoehoe lava units with overflow drapes define the proximal zone, whereas rubble and accretionary levees are common in the distal region bordering thermally mature aa clinker or blocky aa flow channels. Pressure ridges, squeeze-ups and pahoehoe ropes are the prevalent compressive structures. Standlines displayed on clinkery breccias are interpreted to represent levee–channel interactions in response to changing flow levels. These data complement previous knowledge on lava flow morphology, thus far dominated by Etnean and Hawaiian examples.
A Middle–Late Eocene vertebrate fauna (marine fish and mammals) from southwestern Morocco; preliminary report: age and palaeobiogeographical implications
Authors: ADNET SYLVAIN , CAPPETTA HENRI , TABUCE RODOLPHE 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRecent field work in the southern Moroccan Sahara (‘Western Sahara’), south of the city of ad-Dakhla, has led to the discovery of several new fossiliferous sites with fossil vertebrates in sedimentary deposits previously reported for the Mio-Pliocene. The sedimentology and geological setting of the studied area are briefly reported here, and at least three units have been identified in successive stratigraphical sequences according to their fossil content. The first preliminary list of vertebrate associations is reported and consists mainly of isolated teeth belonging to selachian and bony fishes, a proboscidean tooth currently assigned to ?Numidotheriumsp. and many remains of archaeocete whales (Basilosauridae). At least 48 species of selachians are presently identified; many of them are new and others are recorded in the late Middle Eocene (Bartonian) and Late Eocene (Priabonian) of Wadi Al-Hitan (Egypt) or Wadi Esh-Shallala Formation (Jordan) as in other African localities (e.g.Otoduscf.sokolowi, ‘Cretolamna’ twiggsensis, Xiphodolamia serrata, Misrichthys stromeri, Hemipristis curvatus, Galeocerdocf.eaglesomi, Propristis schweinfurthi), probably indicating a Late Eocene age for unit 2 of the bedrock successions. The evolutionary trend noticeable on the proboscidean tooth is in agreement with such an assumption, by comparison with the close relative species known from the Eocene of Egypt, Libya and Algeria. Indeed, the faunal associations from the Dakhla area clearly demonstrate the erroneous age of these deposits, previously thought to be Mio-Pliocene. It suggests a correlation in age (late Middle Eocene–Late Eocene) and a similar environment with the famous marine deposits from Egypt and Jordan. It opens new opportunities to understand the biogeography and the surprising similarity of landscape between West and Northeast Africa during the Bartonian–Priabonian period.