bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antitumor activities of ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR in colon cancer cells
Authors: Blaser Benjamin , Waselle Laurent , Dormond-Meuwly Anne , Dufour Marc , Roulin Didier , Demartines Nicolas , Dormond Olivier 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is frequently activated in colon cancers due to mutations in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Targeting mTOR with allosteric inhibitors of mTOR such as rapamycin reduces colon cancer progression in several experimental models. Recently, a new class of mTOR inhibitors that act as ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR, has been developed. The effectiveness of these drugs in colon cancer cells has however not been fully characterized.

Methods
LS174T, SW480 and DLD-1 colon cancer cell lines were treated with PP242 an ATP-competitive inhibitor of mTOR, NVP-BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor or rapamycin. Tumor cell growth, proliferation and survival were assessed by MTS assay, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrDU) incorporation or by quantification of DNA fragmentation respectively. In vivo, the anticancer activity of mTOR inhibitors was evaluated on nude mice bearing colon cancer xenografts.

Results
PP242 and NVP-BEZ235 reduced the growth, proliferation and survival of LS174T and DLD-1 colon cancer cells more efficiently than rapamycin. Similarly, PP242 and NVP-BEZ235 also decreased significantly the proliferation and survival of SW480 cells which were resistant to the effects of rapamycin. In vivo, PP242 and NVP-BEZ235 reduced the growth of xenografts generated from LS174T and SW480 cells. Finally, we also observed that the efficacy of ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR was enhanced by U0126, a MEK inhibitor.

Conclusions
Taken together, these results show that ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR are effective in blocking colon cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and thus represent a therapeutic option in colon cancer either alone or in combination with MEK inhibitors.
Proteomic analysis of soybean defense response induced by cotton worm (prodenia litura, fabricius) feeding
Authors: Fan Rui , Wang Hui , Wang Yongli , Yu Deyue 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Cotton worm is one of the main insects of soybean in southern China. Plants may acquire defense mechanisms that confer protection from predation by herbivores. Induced responses can lead to increased resistance against herbivores in many species. This study focuses on searching changed proteins in soybean defense response induced by cotton worm feeding.

Results
Ten protein spots that are changed in abundance in response to cotton worm feeding were identified by Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). A total of 11 unique proteins from these spots were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The mRNA and protein relative expression levels of most changed proteins were up-regulated. These proteins were mainly involved in physiological processes, including active oxygen removal, defense signal transduction, and metabolism regulation.

Conclusion
This is the first proteomic analysis of the soybean defense response induced by cotton worm. The differentially expressed proteins could work together to play a major role in the induced defense response. PAL and SAMS were up-regulated at both the protein and mRNA levels. These genes can be strongest candidates for further functional research.
Serous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas: report of a case and management reflections
Authors: Bramis K , Petrou A , Papalambros A , Manzelli A , Mantonakis E , Brennan N , Felekouras E 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Serous adenomas represent 1-2% of pancreatic neoplasms and typically are asymptomatic not requiring any treatment and simple observation is the option of choice. Although, they carry a realistic risk of malignancy despite the general view that they never become malignant. We report a case, which, according to our best knowledge is the 27th case reported in the literature.

Methods
We reviewed the literature by performing a search in Pub Med and Medline.

Results
A 86-year old patient known to have a serous cystadenoma of the pancreas treated conservatively through a close clinical and radiological follow up which was unattended for 4 years ending up to our emergency department suffering an acute abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a perforated prepyloric ulcer which was treated accordingly. Patient died some weeks later due to severe medical co morbidities.

Conclusion
Serous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas carry a realistic risk of malignancy despite the general view that they never become malignant. In our opinion the treatment strategy of serous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas should be aggressive even in cases of remote metastases since prognosis of the disease is satisfactory
Preparation and characterization of ZnO microcantilever for nanoactuation
Authors: Wang Peihong , Du Hejun , Shen Shengnan , Zhang Mingsheng , Liu Bo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Zinc oxide [ZnO] thin films are deposited using a radiofrequency magnetron sputtering method under room temperature. Its crystalline quality, surface morphology, and composition purity are characterized by X-ray diffraction [XRD], atomic force microscopy [AFM], field-emission scanning electron microscopy [FE-SEM], and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy [EDS]. XRD pattern of the ZnO thin film shows that it has a high c-axis-preferring orientation, which is confirmed by a FE-SEM cross-sectional image of the film. The EDS analysis indicates that only Zn and O elements are contained in the ZnO film. The AFM image shows that the film's surface is very smooth and dense, and the surface roughness is 5.899 nm. The microcantilever (Au/Ti/ZnO/Au/Ti/SiO2/Si) based on the ZnO thin film is fabricated by micromachining techniques. The dynamic characterizations of the cantilever using a laser Doppler vibrometer show that the amplitude of the cantilever tip is linear with the driving voltage, and the amplitude of this microcantilever's tip increased from 2.1 to 13.6 nm when the driving voltage increased from 0.05 to 0.3 Vrms. The calculated transverse piezoelectric constant d
31 of the ZnO thin film is -3.27 pC/N. This d
31 is high compared with other published results. This ZnO thin film will be used in smart slider in hard disk drives to do nanoactuation in the future.
Polyamide 66 microspheres metallised with in situ synthesised gold nanoparticles for a catalytic application
Authors: Cheval Nicolas , Gindy Nabil , Flowkes Clifford , Fahmi Amir 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A simple concept is proposed to metallise polyamide 66 (PA66) spherulite structures with in situ synthesised gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using a wet chemical method. This cost-effective approach, applied to produce a PA66/Au NP hybrid material, offers the advantages of controlling the nanoparticle size, the size distribution and the organic-inorganic interactions. These are the key factors that have to be controlled to construct consistent Au nanostructures which are essential for producing the catalytic activities of interest. The hybrid materials obtained are characterised by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction spectrometry. The results show that PA66 microspheres obtained via the crystallisation process are coated with Au NPs of 13 nm in size. It was found that controlling the metal coordination is the key parameter to template the Au NPs on the spherulite surfaces. The preparation processes and the key factors leading to the formation of PA66 spherulites coated with Au NPs are discussed. Moreover, the efficiency of the coated spherulites as a potential catalyst is proved by demonstrating the reduction of methylene blue via UV-visible spectrometry.
MSNS: mobile sensor network simulator for area coverage and obstacle avoidance based on GML
Authors: Jeong Young-Sik , Han Youn-Hee , Park James J , Lee SooYoung 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
A mobile sensor network is a distributed collection of sensors, each of which has sensing, computation, communication, and locomotion capabilities. In particular, locomotion facilitates the ability to self-deployment. In such a network of self-deployable mobile sensors, it is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile sensor network deployment in a given target area because we cannot predict the coverage rate for the target area. The coverage rate will be changed due to the number of sensor required in the target area, connectivity degree to be maintained and unknown obstacles. In this article, we develop mobile sensor network simulator (MSNS) in order to visualize (1) coverage secured by mobile sensors and (2) avoidance of obstacle objects (building, road and wall, and so on) on the real map drawn by GML (Geography Markup Language). From a user, MSNS receives the number of mobile sensor nodes, connectivity degree, sensor node's sensing range, communication range, and supersonic wave range. And then it visualizes the location information of sensor nodes, connectivity degree, and sensing coverage, all of which change with simulation time. Thereby we can estimate how many nodes are required in a given target area, and also calculate coverage rate of the target area in advance to the real deployment of mobile sensors.
Molecular alterations of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) metabolic genes and additional genetic mutations in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Chotirat Sadudee , Thongnoppakhun Wanna , Promsuwicha Orathai , Boonthimat Chetsada , Auewarakul Chirayu U 
Published: March 2012

Abstract

Background
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) metabolic genes encode cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes that catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. Acquired somatic mutations of IDH1 and IDH2 have recently been reported in some types of brain tumors and a small proportion of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases.

Methods
Two-hundred and thirty newly diagnosed AML patients were analyzed for the presence of IDH1 and IDH2 heterozygous mutations by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (PCR-DHPLC) followed by direct sequencing. Clinical and biological characteristics were analyzed and correlated to the IDH mutational status. Coexisting mutations such as FLT3, PML- RARA, RAS, AML1, and NPM1 mutations were additionally explored.

Results
The prevalence of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations was 8.7% (20/230) and 10.4% (24/230), respectively. Six missense mutations were identified among IDH1-mutated cases; p.R132H (n = 8), p.R132C (n = 6), p.R132S (n = 2), p.R132G (n = 2), p.R132L (n = 1), and p.I99M (n = 1). Two missense mutations were found in IDH2-mutated cases; p.R140Q (n = 20) and p.R172K (n = 4). No patients had dual IDH1 and IDH2 mutations. About 18% of AML with normal cytogenetics and 31% of acute promyelocytic leukemia had IDH mutations. Half of the IDH-mutated cohort had normal karyotype and the major FAB subtype was AML-M2. Interestingly, IDH1- and IDH2-mutated cases predominantly had NPM1 mutations (60-74%) as compared to the wild type (P < 0.001). Very few IDH-mutated cases had FLT3 and/or RAS abnormalities and none of them had AML1 mutations. Older age and higher median platelet counts were significantly associated with IDH2 mutations although the clinical impact of either IDH1 or IDH2 mutations on patients' overall survival could not be observed.

Conclusion
Overall, 19% of newly diagnosed AML patients had alterations of IDH genes. No patients concurrently carried both IDH1 and IDH2 mutations suggesting that these mutations were mutually exclusive. NPM1 mutation appears as a major coexisting genetic mutation in IDH-mutated patients. Our present data failed to support the prognostic relevance of IDH mutations although alterations of these metabolic genes potentially have an important role in leukemia development.
Airport Noise Insulation Programs: The Spanish Case
Authors: Asensio C. , Pavón I. , Recuero M. , Ausejo M. 
Published: March 2012

Noise pollution around airports is one of the most important problems in environmental acoustics. The incessant development of modern societies is continuously increasing the demand for air transport, and airports have to grow to adapt their operational capacity to the new requirements. On the other hand, the economic activity related to airports is closely linked to the expansion of built-up areas around them. Consequently, two completely incompatible land uses are forced to coexist, causing airport capacity to remain limited while the inhabitants do not cease to be annoyed by aircraft noise. Although there are several international initiatives setting the focus on the reduction of noise at the source, people living in residential areas around airports need urgent solutions. Among others, the implementation of sound insulation programs is one of the most widely-adopted solutions worldwide, as it allows a reduction of sound levels in the interior of dwellings, while the operational capacity of the airport remains unaffected. The definition and application of a sound insulation program is a very complex process that needs to manage several opposing factors: health, annoyance, airport capacity, economic costs of insulation measures… In this paper we describe the case of Spanish airport insulation programs. We set the focus on a concise description of the full process, from the creation of noise maps, to the checking of installed soundproofing measures, as carried out by the Spanish administration. As a result of this process, thousands of dwellings and houses have been acoustically insulated to meet indoor noise comfort criteria in Madrid, Mallorca and Malaga airports, among others.
Militär und Medien im 20. Jahrhundert: Einleitung
Authors: Leonhard Jörn , Daniel Ute , Löffelholz Martin 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das Forschungsprojekt "Militär und Medien im 20. Jahrhundert" beleuchtet die Beziehungen zwischen Militär und Massenmedien vor allem aus militärischer Sicht. Neben dem Ziel, das Wissen zu diesem zentralen, jedoch bislang nur in Ansätzen untersuchten Thema der Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts zu erweitern, soll das Projekt auch einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der Traditionen, Strukturen und Erfahrungen liefern, die das Verhältnis des Militärs zu den Medien(gesellschaften) prägten und aus welchen sich aktuelle mediale Selbstrepräsentationen des Militärs und der von ihm geführten Kriege speisen.
Erste Forschungsergebnisse des Projekts werden in diesem Themenheft präsentiert.
Vorsichtige Annäherung. Die Beziehungen der Bundeswehr zu den Medien vom Ende des Kalten Krieges bis heute
Authors: Löffelholz Martin , Auer Claudia , Schleicher Kathrin 
Published: March 2012

Zusammenfassung
Seit den 1990er Jahren ist eine zunehmende Öffnung der Bundeswehr gegenüber den Medien zu beobachten, die sich maßgeblich auf die wachsende Beteiligung deutscher Streitkräfte an Auslandseinsätzen und damit einher gehenden neuen kommunikativen Ansprüchen zurückführen lässt. Wurde die Medienarbeit in der ersten Hälfte der Neunziger Jahre noch durchgängig reaktiv betrieben, kam es in den Folgejahren zu einer aktiveren Gestaltung der militärischen Medienbeziehungen. Wie offen oder restriktiv die Medienbeziehungen im Einzelnen gestaltet werden, hängt jedoch von einem komplexen Faktorenbündel ab. Beispielweise prägen die unterschiedlichen Systemlogiken von Militär und Medien, die komplexen Organisationsstrukturen innerhalb der Bundeswehr oder das verfügbare Personal und dessen Qualifikationen die militärischen Medienbeziehungen.
Predicting tropical insect herbivore abundance from host plant traits and phylogeny
Authors: Whitfeld Timothy J. S. , Novotny Vojtech , Miller Scott E. , Hrcek Jan , Klimes Petr , Weiblen George D. 
Published: March 2012

Phylogenetic ecology has identified patterns of diversity in communities that may find explanation in trophic interactions, and yet there have been few attempts to directly relate such patterns among trophic levels. Density‐dependent processes involving pests and pathogens, for example, have been invoked to account for plant community phylogenetic patterns, but relatively little is known about how plant relatedness might affect community structure at other trophic levels. We examined the degree to which the abundance of herbivores in a rain forest community is explained by the phylogeny and functional traits of host plants. We destructively sampled all stems ≥5 cm diameter in two 1‐ha plots of New Guinea primary and secondary lowland forest to test predicted relationships between herbivore abundance and plant resources. We analyzed per‐tree caterpillar and leaf miner abundance, total leaf biomass (kg), percentage of immature foliage, specific leaf area (cm2/g), leaf nitrogen content (percentage of dry mass), and presence of exudates in the context of a plant community phylogeny estimated from DNA barcodes.Apart from nitrogen content and exudates, neither plant resources nor herbivore abundance showed evidence of phylogenetic signal in our community sample. The plant traits we measured could account for only 30% and 16% of variation in caterpillar and leaf miner abundance, respectively, among individual trees. Leaf biomass was a stronger predictor of herbivore abundance than either resource quality (leaf nitrogen content) or palatability (percentage of immature foliage, specific leaf area). The primary importance of resource quantity was also observed at the plant species level in analyses of species means and phylogenetic generalized least‐squares regression. Plant relatedness did not account for much variation in herbivore abundance, but significant effects of exudates and leaf nitrogen content on caterpillar abundance illustrate how conserved traits at one trophic level may influence community‐wide patterns at another.
Potential Determinants of Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis, Advanced Pneumoconiosis, and Progressive Massive Fibrosis Among Underground Coal Miners in the United States, 2005–2009
Authors: Laney A. Scott , Petsonk Edward L. , Hale Janet M. , Wolfe Anita L. , Attfield Michael D. 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We better defined the distribution and determinants of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) among US underground coal miners. Methods. We obtained chest radiographs from the mobile unit of an enhanced surveillance program begun in 2005 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health for underground coal miners. B Readers classified them for presence of pneumoconiosis. Results. Miners from 15 states participated (n = 6658). The prevalence of CWP was higher in 3 states (Kentucky, 9.0%; Virginia, 8.0%; West Virginia, 4.8%) than in 12 other states (age-adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 4.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.3, 6.1). Miners in these 3 states were younger and had less mining tenure, but advanced CWP (category ≥ 2/1; RR = 8.1; 95% CI = 3.9, 16.9) and progressive massive fibrosis (RR = 10.5; 95% CI = 3.8, 29.1) was more prevalent among them. Advanced CWP and progressive massive fibrosis were more prevalent among workers at mines with fewer than 155 miners, irrespective of mining region, than among workers at larger mines. Conclusions. Enhanced surveillance results confirmed the persistence of severe CWP among US coal miners and documented the health consequences of inadequate dust control for miners in parts of Appalachia and at smaller mines.
Social Capital and Smoking Among Asian American Men: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Li Shijian , Delva Jorge 
Published: March 2012

Objectives. We examined how different dimensions of social capital (i.e., family and friend connections, neighborhood and family cohesion, family conflict) were associated with smoking behavior among a nationally representative sample of Asian American men and whether the associations varied by ethnic group. Methods. The sample consisted of 998 adult Asian American men who participated in the National Latino and Asian American Survey from 2002 to 2003. We conducted weighted multivariate logistic regressions on data for the sample and for each of 4 ethnic subgroups (Chinese, Vietnamese, Filipino, and Other). Results. Vietnamese American men had the highest prevalence of current smoking; Chinese American men, the lowest. After controlling for sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, acculturation, and perceived discrimination, neighborhood cohesion was inversely associated with smoking among Asian American men, and family and friend connections and family cohesion were not. An exception was family cohesion, which was associated with increased odds of smoking among Filipino American men. Conclusions. The relationship between social capital and smoking among Asian American men varied according to specific dimensions of social capital and was ethnicity specific. These findings highlight the need for smoking prevention and cessation interventions to take into consideration the heterogeneity that exists among Asian Americans.
Wicasa Was'aka: Restoring the Traditional Strength of American Indian Boys and Men
Authors: Brave Heart Maria Yellow Horse , Elkins Jennifer , Tafoya Greg , Bird Doreen , Salvador Melina 
Published: March 2012

We examined health disparities among American Indian men and boys within the framework of historical trauma, which incorporates the historical context of collective massive group trauma across generations. We reviewed the impact of collective traumatic experiences among Lakota men, who have faced cross-generational challenges to enacting traditional tribal roles.We describe historical trauma–informed interventions used with two tribal groups: Lakota men and Southwestern American Indian boys. These two interventions represent novel approaches to addressing historical trauma and the health disparities that American Indians face.We offer public health implications and recommendations for strategies to use in the planning and implementation of policy, research, and program development with American Indian boys and men.