bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of members of the microRNA-183 family is a risk factor for lung cancer: A case control study
Authors: Zhu Wangyu , Liu XiaoGuang , He JianYing , Chen DongDong , Hunag YanYan , Zhang Yong Kui 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early detection is considered critical for lung cancer treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have shown promise as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. This study was to identify specific miRNAs with diagnostic and prognostic value for patients with lung cancer, and to explore the correlation between expression profiles of miRNAs and patient survival.MethodsGene expression of members of the miR-183 family (miR-96, miR-182, and miR-183) were examined in 70 paired samples from lung cancer patients (primary cancer and non-cancerous tissues and sera), as well as 44 serum samples from normal volunteers and lung cancer cell lines by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The correlation between the expression of miRNAs in tissues, sera, and patient overall survival were also examined by log-rank and Cox regression analysis.ResultsExpression levels of members of the miR-183 family in lung cancer tumor and sera were higher than that of their normal counterparts. The miR-96 expression in tumors was positively associated with its expression in sera. Log-rank and Cox regression analyses demonstrated that high expression of tumor and serum miRNAs of the miR-183 family were associated with overall poor survival in patients with lung cancer.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the expressions of miR-96, miR-182, and miR-183 in tumor and sera may be considered potential novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.
Split-Inteins for Simultaneous, site-specific conjugation of Quantum Dots to multiple protein targets In vivo
Authors: Charalambous Anna , Antoniades Ioanna , Christodoulou Neophytos , Skourides Paris A 
Published: September 2011

Abstract

Background
Proteins labelled with Quantum Dots (QDs) can be imaged over long periods of time with ultrahigh spatial and temporal resolution, yielding important information on the spatiotemporal dynamics of proteins within live cells or in vivo. However one of the major problems regarding the use of QDs for biological imaging is the difficulty of targeting QDs onto proteins. We have recently developed a DnaE split intein-based method to conjugate Quantum Dots (QDs) to the C-terminus of target proteins in vivo. In this study, we expand this approach to achieve site-specific conjugation of QDs to two or more proteins simultaneously with spectrally distinguishable QDs for multiparameter imaging of cellular functions.

Results
Using the DnaE split intein we target QDs to the C-terminus of paxillin and show that paxillin-QD conjugates become localized at focal adhesions allowing imaging of the formation and dissolution of these complexes. We go on to utilize a different split intein, namely Ssp DnaB mini-intein, to demonstrate N-terminal protein tagging with QDs. Combination of these two intein systems allowed us to simultaneously target two distinct proteins with spectrally distinguishable QDs, in vivo, without any cross talk between the two intein systems.

Conclusions
Multiple target labeling is a unique feature of the intein based methodology which sets it apart from existing tagging methodologies in that, given the large number of characterized split inteins, the number of individual targets that can be simultaneously tagged is only limited by the number of QDs that can be spectrally distinguished within the cell. Therefore, the intein-mediated approach for simultaneous, in vivo, site-specific (N- and C-terminus) conjugation of Quantum Dots to multiple protein targets opens up new possibilities for bioimaging applications and offers an effective system to target QDs and other nanostructures to intracellular compartments as well as specific molecular complexes.
The functional spectrum of low-frequency coding variation
Authors: Marth Gabor T , Yu Fuli , Indap Amit R , Garimella Kiran , Gravel Simon , Leong Wen Fung , Tyler-Smith Chris , Bainbridge Matthew , Blackwell Tom , Zheng-Bradley Xiangqun , Chen Yuan , Challis Danny , Clarke Laura , Ball Edward V , Cibulskis Kristian , Cooper David N , Fulton Bob , Hartl Chris , Koboldt Dan , Muzny Donna , Smith Richard , Sougnez Carrie , Stewart Chip , Ward Alistair , Yu Jin , Xue Yali , Altshuler David , Bustamante Carlos D , Clark Andrew G , Daly Mark , DePristo Mark , Flicek Paul , Gabriel Stacey , Mardis Elaine , Palotie Aarno , Gibbs Richard ,   the 1000 Genomes Project
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Background
Rare coding variants constitute an important class of human genetic variation, but are underrepresented in current databases that are based on small population samples. Recent studies show that variants altering amino acid sequence and protein function are enriched at low variant allele frequency, 2 to 5%, but because of insufficient sample size it is not clear if the same trend holds for rare variants below 1% allele frequency.

Results
The 1000 Genomes Exon Pilot Project has collected deep-coverage exon-capture data in roughly 1,000 human genes, for nearly 700 samples. Although medical whole-exome projects are currently afoot, this is still the deepest reported sampling of a large number of human genes with next-generation technologies. According to the goals of the 1000 Genomes Project, we created effective informatics pipelines to process and analyze the data, and discovered 12,758 exonic SNPs, 70% of them novel, and 74% below 1% allele frequency in the seven population samples we examined. Our analysis confirms that coding variants below 1% allele frequency show increased population-specificity and are enriched for functional variants.

Conclusions
This study represents a large step toward detecting and interpreting low frequency coding variation, clearly lays out technical steps for effective analysis of DNA capture data, and articulates functional and population properties of this important class of genetic variation.
Avoiding Pitfalls in Applying Prediction Models, As Illustrated by the Example of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Cammann Henning , Jung Klaus , Meyer Hellmuth-A , Stephan Carsten 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND
The use of different mathematical models to support medical decisions is accompanied by increasing uncertainties when they are applied in practice. Using prostate cancer (PCa) risk models as an example, we recommend requirements for model development and draw attention to possible pitfalls so as to avoid the uncritical use of these models.

CONTENT
We conducted MEDLINE searches for applications of multivariate models supporting the prediction of PCa risk. We critically reviewed the methodological aspects of model development and the biological and analytical variability of the parameters used for model development. In addition, we reviewed the role of prostate biopsy as the gold standard for confirming diagnoses. In addition, we analyzed different methods of model evaluation with respect to their application to different populations. When using models in clinical practice, one must validate the results with a population from the application field. Typical model characteristics (such as discrimination performance and calibration) and methods for assessing the risk of a decision should be used when evaluating a model's output. The choice of a model should be based on these results and on the practicality of its use.

SUMMARY
To avoid possible errors in applying prediction models (the risk of PCa, for example) requires examining the possible pitfalls of the underlying mathematical models in the context of the individual case. The main tools for this purpose are discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis.
Specific Immunoassay Reveals Increased Serum Trypsinogen 3 in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Oiva Jani , Itkonen Outi , Koistinen Riitta , Hotakainen Kristina , Zhang Wang-Ming , Kemppainen Esko , Puolakkainen Pauli , Kylänpää Leena , Stenman Ulf-Håkan , Koistinen Hannu 
Published: September 2011

BACKGROUND
Trypsinogen 3 is a minor trypsinogen isoform in the pancreas. In contrast with trypsin 1 and 2, trypsin 3 degrades pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, which may lead to an excess of active trypsin and acute pancreatitis (AP). We developed an immunoassay for trypsinogen 3 and studied whether an assay of serum trypsinogen 3 is of clinical utility in the diagnosis of AP.

METHODS
Monoclonal antibodies were generated using recombinant human trypsinogen 3 as the antigen and used to establish a sandwich-type immunoassay. We analyzed serum trypsinogen 3 concentrations in 82 patients with AP and 63 patients with upper abdominal pain (controls). The reference interval was determined using serum samples from 172 apparently healthy individuals.

RESULTS
The measuring range of the trypsinogen 3 assay was 1.0–250 μg/L. Intra- and interassay CVs were &lt;11%, and cross-reactivity with other trypsinogen isoenzymes was &lt;0.1%. The median trypsinogen 3 concentration in serum from healthy individuals was &lt;1.0 μg/L, and the upper reference limit was 4.4 μg/L. We observed increased trypsinogen 3 concentrations in patients with mild (median 9.5 μg/L) and severe (15.0 μg/L) AP; in both groups, the concentrations were significantly higher than in controls (median &lt;1.0 μg/L) (P &lt; 0.0001). In ROC analysis, the area under the curve of trypsinogen 3 for separation between AP and controls was 0.90 (P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
We established for the first time a specific immunoassay for trypsinogen 3 using monoclonal antibodies. Patients with AP were found to have increased serum concentrations of trypsinogen 3. The availability of this assay will be useful for studies of the clinical utility of trypsinogen 3.
A Practical Dynamic Modulus Testing Protocol
Authors: Li Xinjun , Christopher Williams R. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
The dynamic modulus test is widely accepted by pavement agencies as the critical parameter for the recently proposed mechanistic empirical design procedure and the candidate of the simple performance test to accompany the Superpave volumetric mix design process. However, the specified dynamic modulus test procedure is time-consuming and costly. State pavement agencies are seeking a more practical test protocol. This paper presents a method for identifying a practical dynamic modulus testing procedure. The currently well-adopted method of calculating the dynamic method is discussed and compared to the more fundamental dynamic modulus calculation method by using actual experimental data from two different asphalt mixtures. It was found that the NCHRP report proposed method produces higher modulus values, but the difference is less than 10 %, as indicates that the simple peak to peak method can be used in the calculation without compromising accuracy. A comprehensive dynamic modulus test, which incorporates strain level, test temperature, and frequency, was performed on one asphalt mixture. Experimental data were analyzed with t-test at the 95 % level of confidence. The analysis results show no statistical difference between the dynamic modulus for the two studied strain levels and no permanent damage was found on tested specimens for all three test temperatures. Comparison of the master curves built by different temperature and frequency combinations illustrates redundancy in test temperature and frequency. A more practical dynamic modulus test procedure is proposed based upon the evaluation. This research shows that three test temperatures, 4.4°C, 21.1°C, and 37.8°C, and six frequencies, 25, 10, 5, 1, 0.5 and 0.1 Hz, plus one additional frequency of 0.01 Hz at 37.8°C are adequate to build a smooth master curve to satisfactorily characterize asphalt mixtures.
Transient Absorption for Characterization of Quantum Dot Intermediate Band Solar Cells
Authors: Kolla Praveen , Norman Andrew , Smith Steve 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTWe use transient absorption methods to characterize the sequential two-photon absorption in a quantum-dot super-lattice based intermediate band solar cell (QD-IBSC). Using collinear, orthogonally polarized beams generated from an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) at varying time delay, tuned stepwise from 1050nm to 1250nm, we use the solar cell photocurrent as a direct measure of the transient absorption by measuring the differential photo-current as a function of time delay between two energetically degenerate, 100fs pulses. For comparison, we measure the pulse autocorrelation in the same geometry using a GaAsP photodiode, where all observed photocurrent is derived from instantaneous two-photon absorption. Our measurements show that at high intensity, the measurement is dominated by instantaneous two photon absorption, with a simultaneous sequential two-photon photocurrent which persists beyond the pulse overlap. Our measurements demonstrate the method can reveal carrier dynamics in a working QD-IBSC, and their dependence on energy. The method could potentially give details of the band structure formed in the QD-IBSC. Such knowledge may benefit device development and future designs of IBSCs based on QD superlattices or alternative intermediate band materials or device structures.
Expert Opinion on Implementation Strategies for the International Health Regulations (2005)
Authors: Katz Rebecca L. , Gornto Sarah E. , Chretien Jean Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe World Health Organization's (WHO) Revised International Health Regulations [IHR(2005)] entered into force in Summer 2007. The purpose of the IHR is to promote an environment of enhanced global cooperation in order to protect populations from emerging health threats. In order to obtain guidance on the development of the core capacities to support IHR implementation, we surveyed a select group of disease surveillance and global health experts from academia, government, non‐governmental organizations, and international organizations as to how they assess IHR (2005) implementation efforts. These experts identify essential disease surveillance components, including laboratory capacity, communication networks, human resources, and technological infrastructure, as well as social and cultural issues necessary for effective IHR implementation. The results offer guidance to policymakers and those in position to make decisions on the top priorities for the implementation of the IHR (2005).
Roundtable Discussion: Data on Ageing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Populations
Authors: Kowal Paul , Gibson Richard , Wutzke Sonia , Smith Kate , Cotter Philippa , Strivens Edward , Lindeman Melissa , LoGiudice Dina , Broe G. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis paper covers a Roundtable Discussion about available data on indigenous populations included in large health and aging studies in Australia during the 2010 Australian Association of Gerontology Northern Territories, “The Ageing North,” Conference. The intended focus was to identify available health and well‐being data on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations including health transitions and morbidity in adults and older adults; to discuss the consultation process that would be needed to decide if the data can be analysed; and if so, how to proceed with examination of those data. It is recognised that indigenous participation is essential in commencing dialogue with the data custodians.
Medical and Public Health Consequences of 2001
Authors: Nicogossian Arnauld , Zimmerman Thomas , Kloiber Otmar , Stabile Bonnie , Doarn Charles R. , Terbush James W. , Ramirez Maurice A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractSince 2001 preparedness to respond to the threats and hazards encountered in our daily life is becoming common practice. Disasters, either natural or human made, happen unexpectedly and can cause destruction, especially when threats and risks are ignored. Significant progress has been made in community preparedness, in the U.S. and globally. Yet populations experiencing health and economic disparities have an especially difficult time recovering from disasters and are likely to suffer long‐term health consequences disproportionately. Medical policies and practices targeting these groups should be researched, validated and deployed.
Craniocervical arterial dissections as sequelae of chiropractic manipulation: patterns of injury and management
Authors: Albuquerque Felipe C. , Hu Yin C. , Dashti Shervin R. , Abla Adib A. , Clark Justin C. , Alkire Brian , Theodore Nicholas , McDougall Cameron G. 
Published: September 2011

Object
Chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine is a known cause of craniocervical arterial dissections. In this paper, the authors describe the patterns of arterial injury after chiropractic manipulation and their management in the modern endovascular era.

Methods
A prospectively maintained endovascular database was reviewed to identify patients presenting with craniocervical arterial dissections after chiropractic manipulation. Factors assessed included time to symptomatic presentation, location of the injured arterial segment, neurological symptoms, endovascular treatment, surgical treatment, clinical outcome, and radiographic follow-up.

Results
Thirteen patients (8 women and 5 men, mean age 44 years, range 30–73 years) presented with neurological deficits, head and neck pain, or both, typically within hours or days of chiropractic manipulation. Arterial dissections were identified along the entire course of the vertebral artery, including the origin through the V4 segment. Three patients had vertebral artery dissections that continued rostrally to involve the basilar artery. Two patients had dissections of the internal carotid artery (ICA): 1 involved the cervical ICA and 1 involved the petrocavernous ICA. Stenting was performed in 5 cases, and thrombolysis of the basilar artery was performed in 1 case. Three patients underwent emergency cerebellar decompression because of impending herniation. Six patients were treated with medication alone, including either anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy. Clinical follow-up was obtained in all patients (mean 19 months). Three patients had permanent neurological deficits, and 1 died of a massive cerebellar stroke. The remaining 9 patients recovered completely. Of the 12 patients who survived, radiographic follow-up was obtained in all but 1 of the most recently treated patients (mean 12 months). All stents were widely patent at follow-up.

Conclusions
Chiropractic manipulation of the cervical spine can produce dissections involving the cervical and cranial segments of the vertebral and carotid arteries. These injuries can be severe, requiring endovascular stenting and cranial surgery. In this patient series, a significant percentage (31%, 4/13) of patients were left permanently disabled or died as a result of their arterial injuries.
Use of in vivo near-infrared laser confocal endomicroscopy with indocyanine green to detect the boundary of infiltrative tumor
Authors: Martirosyan Nikolay L. , Cavalcanti Daniel D. , Eschbacher Jennifer M. , Delaney Peter M. , Scheck Adrienne C. , Abdelwahab Mohammed G. , Nakaji Peter , Spetzler Robert F. , Preul Mark C. 
Published: September 2011

Object
Infiltrative tumor resection is based on regional (macroscopic) imaging identification of tumorous tissue and the attempt to delineate invasive tumor margins in macroscopically normal-appearing tissue, while preserving normal brain tissue. The authors tested miniaturized confocal fiberoptic endomicroscopy by using a near-infrared (NIR) imaging system with indocyanine green (ICG) as an in vivo tool to identify infiltrating glioblastoma cells and tumor margins.

Methods
Thirty mice underwent craniectomy and imaging in vivo 14 days after implantation with GL261-luc cells. A 0.4 mg/kg injection of ICG was administered intravenously. The NIR images of normal brain, obvious tumor, and peritumoral zones were collected using the handheld confocal endomicroscope probe. Histological samples were acquired from matching imaged areas for correlation of tissue images.

Results
In vivo NIR wavelength confocal endomicroscopy with ICG detects fluorescence of tumor cells. The NIR and ICG macroscopic imaging performed using a surgical microscope correlated generally to tumor and peritumor regions, but NIR confocal endomicroscopy performed using ICG revealed individual tumor cells and satellites within peritumoral tissue; a definitive tumor border; and striking fluorescent microvascular, cellular, and subcellular structures (for example, mitoses, nuclei) in various tumor regions correlating with standard clinical histological features and known tissue architecture.

Conclusions
Macroscopic fluorescence was effective for gross tumor detection, but NIR confocal endomicroscopy performed using ICG enhanced sensitivity of tumor detection, providing real-time true microscopic histological information precisely related to the site of imaging. This first-time use of such NIR technology to detect cancer suggests that combined macroscopic and microscopic in vivo ICG imaging could allow interactive identification of microscopic tumor cell infiltration into the brain, substantially improving intraoperative decisions.
Association of magnetic resonance imaging signal changes and outcome prediction after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy
Authors: Vedantam Aditya , Jonathan Ashish , Rajshekhar Vedantam 
Published: September 2011

Object
Few studies have evaluated the prognostic significance of different types of T2-weighted MR imaging changes in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). The object of this study was to determine whether the type of increased signal intensity (ISI) was an independent predictor of outcome following central corpectomy in patients with CSM or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

Methods
Magnetic resonance images obtained in 197 patients who had undergone central corpectomy for CSM or OPLL were assessed for ISI within the cord on sagittal T2-weighted images and hypointensity on T1-weighted images. The T2-weighted changes were categorized as no change (Type 0), fuzzy (Type 1), or sharp (Type 2) based on the ISI characteristics. Outcomes were assessed as a change in Nurick grade of 1 grade or more from preoperatively to postoperatively, and cure as a follow-up Nurick grade of 0 or 1. Multilevel regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of change in Nurick grade ≥ 1 and cure.

Results
There were 30 patients (15.2%) with Type 0, 104 patients (52.8%) with Type 1, and 63 patients (32%) with Type 2 ISI on MR images. Age, duration of symptoms, and preoperative Nurick grade were similar among the groups. A preoperative Nurick grade of 4 or 5 (OR 0.23, p < 0.001) and presence of Type 2 ISI on T2-weighted images (OR 0.48, p = 0.04) negatively influenced the probability of cure after surgery. Hypointensity on T1-weighted images was only seen in patients who had Type 2 ISI changes. Among the 63 patients with Type 2 ISI, the presence of T1-weighted hypointensity (16 patients) was found to negatively impact cure (OR 0.1, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
Increased signal intensity on preoperative T2-weighted MR images was seen in more than 80% of the cases. However, only Type 2 ISI on T2-weighted images had a prognostic significance of being associated with a decreased likelihood of cure in patients with CSM or OPLL. Hypointensity on T1-weighted images predicted a lower probability of cure among patients with Type 2 ISI on T2-weighted images.