bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social considerations for the removal of dams and other aquatic barriers
Authors: Lutter Seth H , Cuppett Scott , Sethi Suresh A , Rahm Brian G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Stream connectivity restoration through the removal or mitigation of dams and other anthropogenic barriers is critical for aquatic species conservation. Historically, stream connectivity restoration planning has been focused on biophysical criteria; however, aquatic barriers are embedded in social contexts that can constrain restoration decisions. To support the integration of social considerations into stream connectivity conservation planning, we synthesized the available research involving social criteria linked to barrier removal. We found that the literature has been focused predominantly on the removal of dams and identify four major categories of social considerations for barrier removal: economics, nonmarket social values, safety, and procedural context. We reviewed contemporary barrier removal prioritization efforts and found that existing approaches typically only consider small subsets of social considerations and face issues with data availability. The findings synthesized in the present article establish potential criteria that could be integrated into effective stream connectivity restoration planning and inform future data capture efforts for barrier removal.
Social infrastructure, community organizations, and friendship formation: a scoping review
Authors: Lauer Sean , Wong Karen Lok Yi , Yan Miu Chung 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Community organizations are a unique part of the local social infrastructure that provides opportunities for social connections and community building. This contribution has been established in research on social capital and the research on social networks. Little research has looked specifically at the processes that lead to forming new relationships within community organizations. In this paper, we address this gap by looking specifically at the situational dynamics at community organizations that contribute to making new friends. We approach this question by conducting a scoping review, a systematic approach to research search and selection when conducting reviews. Our review identified 37 relevant pieces of research. The majority of the research we identify comes from Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. We discuss three themes addressing situational dynamics that emerged in the analysis: (1) the importance of structured programs and activities as prompts for connection, (2) creating spaces for informal interactions, and (3) emerging mutuality based on similarities and differences. We conclude with suggestions for how community organizations purposefully create these situational dynamics in their work.
NK-cell receptor modulation in viral infections
Authors: Lenart Marzena , Rutkowska-Zapała Magdalena , Siedlar Maciej 
Published: May 2024

Summary
Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in controlling viral infections. The ability to kill infected cells without prior immunization, yet being tolerant to self, healthy cells, depends on the balance of germ-line encoded surface receptors. NK-cell receptors are divided into either activating, leading to activation of NK cell and its cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory activity, or inhibitory, providing tolerance for a target cell. The signals from inhibitory receptors dominate and NK-cell activation requires stimulation of activating receptors. In viral infections, NK-cell interaction with infected cells can result in activation, memory-like NK-cell differentiation, or NK-cell exhaustion, which constitutes one of the viral immune evasion mechanisms. All of these states are associated with the modulation of NK-cell receptor expression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of NK-cell receptors and their role in viral infection control, as well as the alterations of their expression observed in acute or chronic infections. We present recently discovered SARS-CoV-2-mediated modulation of NK-cell receptor expression and compare them with other human viral infections. Finally, since modulation of NK-cell receptor activation gives a promising addition to currently used antiviral therapies, we briefly discuss the clinical significance and future perspective of the application of agonists or antagonists of activating and inhibitory receptors, respectively. In sum, our review shows that although much is known about NK-cell receptor biology, a deeper understanding of NK-cell receptors role in viral infections is still needed.
In-situ observation of DL-alanine crystallization from a laser-trapped dense liquid droplet as a heterogeneous nucleation site
Authors: Niinomi Hiromasa , Yoshikawa Hiroshi Y , Kawamura Ryuzo , Yamazaki Tomoya , Oshikiri Tomoya , Nakagawa Masaru 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Nucleation from an aqueous solution is an important step in crystallization which controls the physicochemical properties of crystalline materials. Although dense liquid droplets are considered as a precursor of a crystal in the two-step nucleation model, their actual role is unclear. Our in-situ microscopic observations of the crystallization of DL-alanine from a dense liquid droplet trapped by laser tweezers show that liquid droplets play the role of a substrate, facilitating heterogeneous nucleation, rather than a precursor of a crystal.
Organic solvent-induced structural changes in a protein confined in a giant coordination cage
Authors: Tamura Hiroyuki , Nakama Takahiro , Rossen Anouk , Ishikita Hiroshi , Fujita Makoto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate the molecular mechanism of acetonitrile-induced structural changes in a cutinase-like enzyme in a giant coordination cage using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. As the acetonitrile content within the cage increases, significant conformational changes of the caged protein occur due to acetonitrile binding to the specific sites, in line with protein denaturation events observed in previous nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Accordingly, employing MD simulations on caged proteins represents an effective strategy for investigating the dynamics of unstable protein structures.
Distinct Clinical Endpoints of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia Complicate Assessment of Outcome
Authors: Russell Clark D , Berry Karla , Cooper George , Sim Wynne , Lee Rui Shian , Gan Tze Yi , Donlon William , Besu Antonia , Heppenstall Emily , Tysall Luke , Robb Andrew , Dewar Simon , Smith Andrew , Fowler Vance G 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
We aimed to test the hypothesis that development of metastatic infection represents a distinct clinical endpoint from death due to Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study of adults with SAB between 20 December 2019 and 23 August st2022 (n = 464). Simple logistic regression, odds ratios, and z-scores were used to compare host, clinical, and microbiologic features.

Results
Co-occurrence of attributable mortality and metastatic infection was infrequent. Charlson Comorbidity Index and age were strongly associated with attributable mortality, but not metastatic infection. We compared patients with fatal SAB (without clinically-apparent metastatic complications, 14.4% of cohort), metastatic SAB (without attributable mortality, 22.2%), neither complication (56.7%), and overlapping fatal/metastatic SAB (6.7%). Compared to SAB without complications, fatal SAB was specifically associated with older age and multi-morbidity. Metastatic SAB was specifically associated with community acquisition, persistent fever, persistent bacteremia, and recurrence. Endocarditis was over-represented in the fatal/metastatic SAB overlap group, which shared patient characteristics with fatal SAB. In contrast to other (predominantly musculoskeletal) metastatic complications, endocarditis was associated with increased mortality, with death occurring in older multi-morbid patients later after SAB onset.

Conclusions
Patients with SAB experience distinct clinical endpoints: (i) early death, associated with multi-morbidity and age; (ii) metastatic (predominantly musculoskeletal) SAB; (iii) endocarditis, associated with late death occurring in older people with multi-morbidity, and (iv) bacteraemia without complications. These distinctions could be important for selecting appropriate outcomes in clinical trials: different interventions might be required to reduce mortality versus improve clinical response in patients with metastatic SAB.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features Indicative of Permanent Colon Damage in Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Rimola Jordi , Castro-Poceiro Jesús , Sapena Víctor , Aduna Marta , Arevalo Juan , Vera Isabel , Pastrana Miguel Ángel , Gallego Marta , Masamunt Maria Carme , Fernández-Clotet Agnès , Ordás Ingrid , Ricart Elena , Panés Julian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
It is uncertain whether ulcerative colitis leads to accumulated bowel damage on cross-sectional image. We aimed to characterise bowel damage in patients with ulcerative colitis using magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and to determine its relation with duration of disease and the impact on patients’ quality of life.

Methods
In this prospective study, patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] in endoscopic remission underwent MRI without bowel cleansing, and completed quality-of-life questionnaires. Participants’ magnetic resonance findings were analysed considering normal values and thresholds determined in controls with no history of inflammatory bowel disease [n=40], and in patients with Crohn’s disease with no history of colonic involvement [n = 12]. Subjects with UC were stratified according to disease duration [&lt; 7 years vs 7‒14 years vs &gt; 14 years].

Results
We analysed 41 subjects with ulcerative colitis [20 women; Mayo endoscopic subscore 0 in 38 [92.7%] and 1 in three [7.3%]]. Paired segment-by-segment comparison of magnetic resonance findings in colonic segments documented as being affected by ulcerative colitis versus controls showed that patients with ulcerative colitis had decreased cross-sectional area [p ≤ 0.0034] and perimeter [p ≤ 0.0005] and increased wall thickness [p = 0.026] in all segments. Colon damage, defined as wall thickness ≥ 3 mm, was seen in 22 [53.7%] patients. Colon damage was not associated with disease duration or quality of life.

Conclusions
Morphological abnormalities in the colon were highly prevalent in patients with ulcerative colitis in the absence of inflammation. Structural bowel damage was not associated with disease duration or quality of life.
Effectiveness of combined first-line medical treatment in acromegaly with prolactin cosecretion
Authors: Biagetti Betina , Araujo-Castro Marta , Torre Edelmiro Menéndez , Novoa-Testa Iría , Cordido Fernando , Corrales Eider Pascual , Berrocal Víctor Rodríguez , Guerrero-Pérez Fernando , Vicente Almudena , Percovich Juan Carlos , Centeno Rogelio García , González Laura , García María Dolores Ollero , Echarri Ana Irigaray , Rodríguez María Dolores Moure , Novo-Rodríguez Cristina , Calatayud María , Villar-Taibo Rocío , Bernabéu Ignacio , Alvarez-Escola Cristina , Valderrama Pamela Benítez , Tenorio-Jiménez Carmen , Galiana Pablo Abellán , Moreno Eva Venegas , Molero Inmaculada González , Iglesias Pedro , Blanco Concepción , De Lara Fernando Vidal-Ostos , de Miguel Paz , Mezquita Elena López , Hanzu Felicia , Aldecoa Iban , Aznar Silvia , Lamas Cristina , Aulinas Anna , Asla Roca Queralt , Gracia Paola , Córdova José María Recio , Aviles Mariola , Asensio-Wandosel Diego , Sampedro Miguel , Cámara Rosa , Paja Miguel , Ruz-Caracuel Ignacio , Fajardo-Montañana Carmen , Asanza Esteban Cordero , Martinez-Saez Elena , Marazuela Mónica , Puig-Domingo Manel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study is to compare the response to first-line medical treatment in treatment-naive acromegaly patients with pure growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (GH-PA) and those with GH and prolactin cosecreting PA (GH&PRL-PA).

Design
This is a retrospective multicentric study of acromegaly patients followed from 2003 to 2023 in 33 tertiary Spanish hospitals with at least 6 months of first-line medical treatment.

Methods
Baseline characteristics, first-line medical treatment strategies, and outcomes were analyzed. We employed a multiple logistic regression full model to estimate the impact of some baseline characteristics on disease control after each treatment modality.

Results
Of the 144 patients included, 72.9% had a GH-PA, and 27.1% had a GH&PRL-PA. Patients with GH&PRL-PA were younger (43.9 ± 15.0 vs 51.9 ± 12.7 years, P &lt; .01) and harboring more frequently macroadenomas (89.7% vs 72.1%, P = .03). First-generation somatostatin receptor ligand (fgSRL) as monotherapy was given to 106 (73.6%) and a combination treatment with fgSRL and cabergoline in the remaining 38 (26.4%). Patients with GH&PRL-PA received more frequently a combination therapy (56.4% vs 15.2%, P &lt; .01). After 6 months of treatment, in the group of patients under fgSRL as monotherapy, those patients with GH&PRL-PA had worse control compared to GH-PAs (29.4% vs 55.1%, P = .04). However, these differences in the rate of disease control between both groups disappeared when both received combination treatment with fgSRL and cabergoline.

Conclusion
In GH&PRL-PA, the biochemical control achieved with fgSRL as monotherapy is substantially worse than in patients harboring GH-PA, supporting the inclusion of cabergoline as first-line medical treatment in combination with fgSRLs in these subgroups of patients.
A review of the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in Asian patients with hematological malignancies (2011–2021)
Authors: Iyadorai Thevambiga , Tay Sun Tee , Liong Chee Chiat , Samudi Chandramathi , Chow Lai Chee , Cheong Chin Sum , Velayuthan Rukumani , Tan Sen Mui , Gan Gin Gin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The incidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI) is increasing, especially among patients diagnosed with hematological malignancies due to their immunocompromised nature. Other risk factors include advanced age, exposure to immunosuppressants, neutropenia, and catheter use. Some of the most common IFI organisms reported are Candida and Aspergillus species, and other fungal species, including Scedosporium, Trichosporon, Cryptococcus, and Fusarium have also increasingly been reported in the past years. However, the epidemiologic data on IFI among patients with hematological malignancies in Asian countries are lacking. Therefore, we investigated published epidemiologic data on such cases from the past 10 years (2011–2021) and discuss the challenges faced in the diagnosis and management of IFIs in Asia.
Challenges and advances in measuring phenotypic convergence
Authors: Grossnickle David M , Brightly William H , Weaver Lucas N , Stanchak Kathryn E , Roston Rachel A , Pevsner Spencer K , Stayton C Tristan , Polly P David , Law Chris J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tests of phenotypic convergence can provide evidence of adaptive evolution, and the popularity of such studies has grown in recent years due to the development of novel, quantitative methods for identifying and measuring convergence. These methods include the commonly applied C1–C4 measures of Stayton (2015a), which measure morphological distances between lineages, and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) model-fitting analyses, which test whether lineages converged on shared adaptive peaks. We test the performance of C-measures and other convergence measures under various evolutionary scenarios and reveal a critical issue with C-measures: they often misidentify divergent lineages as convergent. We address this issue by developing novel convergence measures—Ct1–Ct4-measures—that calculate distances between lineages at specific points in time, minimizing the possibility of misidentifying divergent taxa as convergent. Ct-measures are most appropriate when focal lineages are of the same or similar geologic ages (e.g., extant taxa), meaning that the lineages’ evolutionary histories include considerable overlap in time. Beyond C-measures, we find that all convergence measures are influenced by the position of focal taxa in phenotypic space, with morphological outliers often statistically more likely to be measured as strongly convergent. Further, we mimic scenarios in which researchers assess convergence using OU models with a priori regime assignments (e.g., classifying taxa by ecological traits) and find that multiple-regime OU models with phenotypically divergent lineages assigned to a shared selective regime often outperform simpler models. This highlights that model support for these multiple-regime OU models should not be assumed to always reflect convergence among focal lineages of a shared regime. Our new Ct1–Ct4-measures provide researchers with an improved comparative tool, but we emphasize that all available convergence measures are imperfect, and researchers should recognize the limitations of these methods and use multiple lines of evidence to test convergence hypotheses.
Longitudinal Associations of Family Relationship Quality With Chronic Pain Incidence and Persistence Among Aging African Americans
Authors: Woods Sarah B , Roberson Patricia N E , Booker Quiera , Wood Beatrice L  , Booker Staja Q 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study examines how family relationships convey risk or resilience for pain outcomes for aging African Americans, and to replicate and extend analyses across 2 nationally representative studies of aging health.

Methods
African American participants in Midlife in the United States (MIDUS, N = 755) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 2,585) self-reported chronic pain status at 2006 waves and then again 10 years later. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of pain incidence and persistence explained by family, intimate partner, and parent–child strain and support, as well as average support and average strain across relationships.

Results
On average, MIDUS participants were younger (M = 52.35, SD = 12.06; 62.1% female) than HRS (M = 66.65, SD = 10.92; 63.7% female). Family support and average support were linked to decreased odds of pain incidence in MIDUS, but only when tested without accounting for strain, whereas parent–child strain was a risk factor for pain incidence in HRS, as was average strain. Family support protected against pain persistence in MIDUS, whereas average support was linked to reduced odds of pain persisting in HRS.

Discussion
Chronic pain outcomes are worse for African Americans for a number of reasons, but parent–child strain may contribute to the risk of new pain developing over time for older adults. Conversely, family support may offer a protective benefit for pain incidence and persistence among aging African Americans. Findings implicate family relationships as a potential target of pain management interventions.
Who’s Worried? Memory, Worries About Dementia, and Marital Strain in Midlife Same- and Different-Sex Marriages: A Dyadic Perspective
Authors: Wang Yiwen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Prior scholarship has highlighted the importance of marriage for cognition. However, little research has considered how cognition-related concerns may impact marriage. In this study, researchers examine how aging couples view each other’s memory and worry about their potential development of dementia in the future. Additionally, researchers investigate whether these cognition-related concerns may strain marriage, and how these dynamics differ for men and women in same- and different-sex marriages.

Methods
Researchers used 2 waves of dyadic data from the Health and Relationships Project (HARP; 2015–2022), including 594 respondents from 297 same- and different-sex married couples (aged 41–71 at Time 2). Researchers employed the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to explore associations between actor and partner reports of memory and dementia worry with marital strain.

Results
Men and women in same- and different-sex marriages were equally likely to report worries about their own potential development of dementia. However, women reported more concerns about their spouse developing dementia in the future than men did, regardless of whether they were married to a man or a woman. Both partners’ reports of memory and dementia worry played a complex role in influencing marital strain, with variations observed across couple types.

Discussion
Concerns about cognitive decline and dementia are common in older populations, and for married couples, spouses have concerns about their own memory as well as that of their partner. Researchers finding identified the significance of concerns about a spouse’s memory on marital dynamics among aging couples.
The three-sided right-handed β-helix is a versatile fold for glycan interactions
Authors: Burnim Audrey A , Dufault-Thompson Keith , Jiang Xiaofang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Interactions between proteins and glycans are critical to various biological processes. With databases of carbohydrate-interacting proteins and increasing amounts of structural data, the three-sided right-handed β-helix (RHBH) has emerged as a significant structural fold for glycan interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of the sequence, mechanistic, and structural features that enable the RHBH to interact with glycans. The RHBH is a prevalent fold that exists in eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses associated with adhesin and carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) functions. An evolutionary trajectory analysis on structurally characterized RHBH-containing proteins shows that they likely evolved from carbohydrate-binding proteins with their carbohydrate-degrading activities evolving later. By examining three polysaccharide lyase and three glycoside hydrolase structures, we provide a detailed view of the modes of glycan binding in RHBH proteins. The 3-dimensional shape of the RHBH creates an electrostatically and spatially favorable glycan binding surface that allows for extensive hydrogen bonding interactions, leading to favorable and stable glycan binding. The RHBH is observed to be an adaptable domain capable of being modified with loop insertions and charge inversions to accommodate heterogeneous and flexible glycans and diverse reaction mechanisms. Understanding this prevalent protein fold can advance our knowledge of glycan binding in biological systems and help guide the efficient design and utilization of RHBH-containing proteins in glycobiology research.