bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Xylem-Phloem Transfer of Amino Acids Affects Metabolism and Leads to Increased Seed Yield and Oil Content in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Lizhi , Tan Qiumin , Lee Raymond , Trethewy Alexander , Lee Yong-Hwa , Tegeder Mechthild 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Seed development and nitrogen (N) storage depend on delivery of amino acids to seed sinks. For efficient translocation to seeds, amino acids are loaded into the phloem in source leaves and along the long distance transport pathway through xylem-phloem transfer. We demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana AMINO ACID PERMEASE2 (AAP2) localizes to the phloem throughout the plant. AAP2 T-DNA insertion lines showed changes in source-sink translocation of amino acids and a decrease in the amount of seed total N and storage proteins, supporting AAP2 function in phloem loading and amino acid distribution to the embryo. Interestingly, in aap2 seeds, total carbon (C) levels were unchanged, while fatty acid levels were elevated. Moreover, branch and silique numbers per plant and seed yield were strongly increased. This suggests changes in N and C delivery to sinks and subsequent modulations of sink development and seed metabolism. This is supported by tracer experiments, expression studies of genes of N/C transport and metabolism in source and sink, and by phenotypic and metabolite analyses of aap2 plants. Thus, AAP2 is key for xylem to phloem transfer and sink N and C supply; moreover, modifications of N allocation can positively affect C assimilation and source-sink transport and benefit sink development and oil yield.
Noncanonical Translation Initiation of theArabidopsisFlowering Time and Alternative Polyadenylation Regulator FCA
Authors: Simpson Gordon G. , Laurie Rebecca E. , Dijkwel Paul P. , Quesada Victor , Stockwell Peter A. , Dean Caroline , Macknight Richard C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe RNA binding protein FCA regulates the floral transition and is required for silencing RNAs corresponding to specific noncoding sequences in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Through interaction with the canonical RNA 3′ processing machinery, FCA affects alternative polyadenylation of many transcripts, including antisense RNAs at the locus encoding the floral repressor FLC. This potential for widespread alteration of gene regulation clearly needs to be tightly regulated, and we have previously shown that FCA expression is autoregulated through poly(A) site choice. Here, we show distinct layers of FCA regulation that involve sequences within the 5′ region that regulate noncanonical translation initiation and alter the expression profile. FCA translation in vivo occurs exclusively at a noncanonical CUG codon upstream of the first in-frame AUG. We fully define the upstream flanking sequences essential for its selection, revealing features that distinguish this from other non-AUG start site mechanisms. Bioinformatic analysis identified 10 additional Arabidopsis genes that likely initiate translation at a CUG codon. Our findings reveal further unexpected complexity in the regulation of FCA expression with implications for its roles in regulating flowering time and gene expression and more generally show plant mRNA exceptions to AUG translation initiation.
A study on acoustic emission technology for tank bottom corrosion inspection
Authors: Gang Du , Shijiu Jin , Congying Zhang , Weikui Wang 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report an investigation into acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of the corrosion situation of the bottom of a large storage tank.Design/methodology/approachGuard sensors were applied in on‐line AE inspection of a tank bottom, and the AE signal characteristics of the corrosion areas of tank bottom were analyzed. The AE test results were compared with those from an internal tank internal test.FindingsIt was observed that guard sensors could shield effectively a large proportion of the extraneous noise signals inside the tank. The characteristics of AE signals from different types of corrosion were significantly different. A comparison of AE test results and tank internal inspection data showed a good agreement.Originality/valueCharacteristic AE signals from different types of corrosion were obtained for the first time, which assisted in the identification of the tank bottom corrosion situation.
Open source in libraries: an introduction and overview
Authors: Poulter Alan 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of open source to a non‐technical audience and give an overview of its current and potential applications in libraries.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a literature review.FindingsOpen source already aids libraries and has great potential but is hobbled by its intrinsically technical appeal.Originality/valueThe paper makes observations about information technology trends which might affect the take up of open source and introduces open source comprehensively but succinctly.
Open source software collaborations in Tennessee's regional library system
Authors: Mehra Bharat , Singh Vandana , Parris Hannah 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the following questions: How are members of the Tennessee's regional library system (TRLS) in the USA using open source software (OSS) applications and collaborating to further their missions and overcome some of their debilitating information‐related circumstances? What kind of partnerships can be explored in order to further use of OSS in the state?Design/methodology/approachThe paper highlights findings from an exploratory website study to identify key trends, practices, and applications of use of OSS in the TRLS.FindingsOSS applications in the TRLS are presented in terms of their current use as well as their future directions of development and opportunities. Study of collaborations in OSS use and website development by public libraries in the TRLS reveals that the OSS infoscape is more complex than previously understood.Originality/valueMinimal research has been done involving the TRLS that has been in existence for over 60 years and comprises 12 multi‐county regions serving 211 small‐ and medium‐sized public libraries. Use of OSS has tremendous potentialities to overcome the harsh conditions of information poverty, lack of information resources and technology, and unique cultural, social, economic, and environmental challenges experienced in Tennessee that have prevented significant growth of information and communications technologies in the state.
Ownership structure and corporate diversification strategies of Chinese business groups
Authors: Zhao Jun 
Published: November 2010

PurposeDiversified business groups have become active players in Chinese economy in the recent years. While several studies have been conducted to examine the role of external factors such as market imperfection on firms' decisions to diversify, relatively few efforts have been made to investigate the impact of internal factors such as ownership structures on such decision. Building on agency theory, this paper attempts to examine the impacts of ownership type and ownership concentration on Chinese business groups' diversification strategies.Design/methodology/approachYear 2000 annual reports of publicly traded companies on Shenzhen Stock Exchange were used to identify business groups and collect data. Multiple regression analysis was used to conduct the data analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that compared to other ownership structures, government‐owned business groups tend to be more diversified, while ownership concentration seems to be related to lower levels of diversification. Industry membership also plays a significant role, but previous performance is not significantly related to diversification levels. Implications and future study directions are also discussed.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the understanding of the impact of ownership structure on companies' diversification strategies in a transitional economy such as China.
Addressing key sustainable supply chain management issues using rough set methodology
Authors: Bai Chunguang , Sarkis Joseph , Wei Xiaopeng 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to introduce relatively novel multi‐supply chain activity overview rough set theoretic applications to aid management decision making with an especial focus on green and sustainable supply chain management.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is a review of recent literature with extensions around rough set or neighborhood rough set methodologies for supply chain management. An overview of how the techniques can be applied to various stages of green supply chain management, selection, evaluation, development is presented in various sections.FindingsThe paper finds that rough set methodology is flexible enough to be applied as a selection tool, performance measurement evaluation tool, and a development program evaluation tool. Its application to green supply chain management topics is warranted and valuable.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations of the approach provide additional avenues for further research. One major limitation of the research is that a real‐world application to validate the approaches is necessary. Extensions and integration with other tools can also provide avenues for improvement.Practical implicationsA three‐staged ecological green supplier management process may help to get a broader corporate social responsibility and general sustainability perspective on the supply chain. Management can use these tools for planning, decision making, and maintenance of green supply chain activities.Social implicationsThe application of sustainability and environmental issues for supply chain management has significant social impact.Originality/valueMethodologically, this is the first time that neighborhood rough set has been comprehensively evaluated as a tool for managing green suppliers. A comprehensive overview of the green supplier management process considering the sustainability factors helps researchers to identify many opportunities for further investigation.
Efficient markets hypothesis and daily variation in small Pacific‐basin stock markets
Authors: Jarrett Jeffrey E. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to indicate the existence of certain time series characteristics in daily stock returns of four small Asian (Pacific basin) financial markets. It aims to study efficient capital markets (efficient markets hypothesis (EMH)) as results may infer that there are predictable properties of the time series of prices of traded securities on organized markets in Singapore, Malaysia, Korea and Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses daily variations in financial market data obtained from the Sandra Ann Morsilli Pacific‐basin Capital Markets Research Center (PACAP).FindingsThe weak form efficiency test example examines the wide range of trading rules available to common investors. Some theorists try to convince everyone that the weak form of EMH is acceptable due to the weight of academic opinion. The paper finds that for short‐term (daily) changes, the markets of four of the smaller Pacific‐basin stock markets have predictable properties, which leads to the conclusion that the weak‐form EMH does not hold for these markets.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to those firms and exchanges studied and the time period covered.Originality/valueThere have been all too few studies of these small financial markets up to now and there is no other study utilizing these data on the Pacific basin (Asia). The results are unique and original.
Microfinance and gender considerations in developed countries
Authors: Estapé‐Dubreuil Glòria , Torreguitart‐Mirada Consol 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the role played by microfinance institutions (MFI) in the improvement of women's micro‐entrepreneurship in economically developed countries. In the context of Catalan MFIs, the paper aims to study the allocation of resources to business projects led by women; and analyze the main features characterizing both women's personal traits and their business initiatives. Microcredit programs are also compared by gender.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered from Catalan MFIs, configuring a sample of 549 instances of business projects funded between 1998 and 2006. Applicants were individual entrepreneurs located in Catalonia, seeking to start up or expand their own business. For the purpose of contrast and generalization, data from a public nationwide program have also been considered. The research methodology of the paper is based on a quantitative approach, using inferential statistics to support the descriptive analysis.FindingsThe results of this research indicate that social credit is truly a good source of capital for women; women of very different ages, with different business ideas have been funded by the Catalan microcredit sector. MFIs have also played a significant role in the social integration of immigrant women, thus contributing to alleviate poverty regardless of nationality.Research limitations/implicationsExtension to other developed countries is subject to considerations about their financial system, the role played by social entities, the impact of governmental institutions, as well as the special legal requirements of each country.Originality/valueThis paper points out that social credit offers female entrepreneurs the opportunity to carry out independent economic activities, despite their lack of financial capital. It also furthers the knowledge of how effectively it contributes to women's entrepreneurship.
The context matters
Authors: Heinonen Jarna , Hytti Ulla , Cooney Thomas M. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe paper aims to describe the manner in which entrepreneurship policies are embedded in the national contexts and then through analysis offers a deeper understanding of the development of Finnish and Irish entrepreneurship policies. It seeks to focus on three questions: What is the context for entrepreneurship policies in the studied countries?; What kind of governance structure for entrepreneurship policy can be identified and derived from theoretical perspectives?; and What policy instruments and content are associated with governance rationale?Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data involve primary data on national entrepreneurship policy documents illustrating the governance structure for policy development and implementation, as well as policy objectives and targets. Additionally, concrete policy measures were studied within six sub‐areas of entrepreneurship. The analysis is based on a framework with two layers of policy: governance structure, and specific policy measures.FindingsThe results show that the countries studied are implementing strikingly similar approaches in entrepreneurship policy‐making: state‐institutional coordination marked by a strong role for the government, complemented by a more recent shift towards a competitive approach. Because political, national and economic context plays a significant role in understanding entrepreneurship policy approaches it is justified to add a third layer, context, to the framework.Practical implicationsParticular measures or good practices cannot be imported from other countries without understanding the theoretical rationale and policy context for the measures.Originality/valueThe study highlights the role of time and path‐dependency in policy‐making; therefore, future research and evaluations on entrepreneurship policies need to be strongly contextualised.
Elemental cost format for building conservation works in Malaysia
Authors: Li Woon Wee , Yoke Mui Lim 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a new format to present the cost of building conservation works which will better reflect the actual cost components and have a higher relevance to building conservation works.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the study's aim of presenting a new format suitable for building conservation works, a total of 16 conservation projects were selected and work items of the highest frequency were identified and aggregated into the relevant elemental component to formulate a new elemental cost format.FindingsWork items of the highest frequency identified are partitions, doors and ironmongeries, followed by roof finishes and rainwater goods, floor finishes, external walls and windows. In addition to the usual building works, new work items such as scientific analysis, archaeology excavation and temporary roof are also found to be important.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed format has yet to be tested in the local industry, which is necessary to ensure compatibility with industry needs.Practical implicationsThis new cost analysis format includes a list of work items that are specific to building conservation works, which may guide the quantity surveyor in preparing a budget/cost estimate with higher accuracy by reducing the risk of omitted work items that are pertinent in building conservation works.Originality/valueOwing to the lack of cost data information for building conservation works, estimating and controlling the cost in this area of work is very challenging. The proposed new format of elemental cost analysis designed for building conservation works seeks to fill this void by providing a guide in estimating costs for building conservation.
Research into practice: Malatya solar housing
Authors: Okutucu Fikret , Kochan Ahmet , Yildiz Yusuf , Oymen Gur Sengul 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to discover the underlying reasons for the failure of solar energy architecture in Turkey in order to be able suggest methods of improving it in Turkey and worldwide.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology employed in this research is on‐site observations of Turkish solar houses built with respect to the details of their application, and depiction of heat gains provided with applied solar measures, and to compare them with an ideal gauge to determine the deficiencies involved in applications.FindingsThe investigations discovered that various buildings under consideration share several errors. In order of importance, these items are: faulty applications, erroneous choice of methods and lack of precautions in the summer.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the study are that measures must be taken to prevent heat loss during winter nights; outer walls with a resistance to heat transmission of u=1 W/m2K would have been preferred rather than ordinary old‐fashioned Trombe walls; in order to prevent overheating the surfaces of the sunspaces, Trombe walls and air collectors contacting the outer environment need to be made movable or pliable to avoid sinking of heated air into the sunspace.Social implicationsThe social implication of the study is that only continued exploration into solar energy use via exemplary practice may encourage adoption of these systems by society itself.Originality/valueThe value of the research resides in translating knowledge gained from previous solar projects into design aspects which are expected to avoid these errors and deficiencies, demonstrated herein through Malatya solar housing, from which everyone involved in passive solar house design may benefit.
Comparative, cross‐cultural, and cross‐national research
Authors: Cadogan John 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe paper seeks to provide guidance for those who have data from multiple countries and are considering writing a comparative or cross‐cultural/national research paper.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken is an essay format.FindingsInternational comparative marketing research studies are often rejected from the International Marketing Review because authors develop theory for which they have inappropriate data.Research limitations/implicationsResearch models need to be commensurate with the data available. Models that claim to assess how nation‐level variables of interest differentially drive beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors across countries, and yet only test the models using samples from two or three countries are not appropriate. Appropriate solutions for researchers seeking to undertake international comparative research are suggested.Originality/valueThe paper provides researchers with insights into successful strategies for publishing international comparative research.
Benefits‐based drivers of exporters' attitudinal commitment toward their foreign distributors
Authors: Obadia Claude 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis study seeks to investigate the benefits that trigger exporters' attitudinal commitment and examines their effects by taking into account the temporal dynamics of cross‐border interfirm relationships.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative field study led to the generation of hypotheses that were subsequently tested with structural equations modeling using data collected during two consecutive surveys of exporters.FindingsThe economic benefits that foster exporter's commitment include importer's specific investments, importer role performance, and exporter economic performance.Practical implicationsImporters can secure their foreign suppliers' commitment by investing in their business relationships and improving their distributive performance. They also need to monitor exporters' economic performance. The study highlights the importance of exporters' perceptions in building their commitment. Thus, importers need to communicate intensively about their actions to promote exporters' brands.Originality/valueUnlike previous research, which has focused mostly on behavioral antecedents of commitment, this study depicts the exporting context using the exporter perspective and highlights the importance of economic benefits in shaping their attitudes. A mixed design involving both qualitative and quantitative methodologies facilitates this approach. Relational exchange theory's temporal assumptions about business relationships are reflected by the use of longitudinal data.
Animosity, subjective norms, and anticipated emotions during an international crisis
Authors: Maher Amro A. , Mady Sarah 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis research seeks to add to the body of research pertaining to animosity by examining the additional roles of anticipated emotions and subjective norms on consumers' purchase intentions regarding foreign products when companies' or governments' actions cause negative repercussions. The paper also examines the role of group responsibility as an antecedent to animosity.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a snowball sampling technique among undergraduate students from a prominent university in Kuwait. Of the 460 questionnaires received, 13 were eliminated for incompleteness. Sample members were aged 18 and above, and 53.9 percent of the respondents were females.FindingsSubjective norms related to buying Danish products – as well as the negative emotions expected from buying the product and the positive emotions expected from not buying the product – led to less willingness to buy Danish products. In addition, social pressure was found to be the more important factor in consumers' willingness to buy compared to anticipated emotions.Originality/valueThis paper suggests that, in addition to animosity, other factors influence a consumer's decision to withhold consumption. Therefore, managers need to assess the emotions and norms characterized by citizens of the target country to capitalize on such information when marketing their products.