bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« L’Amazonie – victime des changements climatiques ? »
Authors: Weissenberger Sebastian , Silva Delaine Sampaio da 
Published: November 2010

La forêt d’Amazonie est un des biomes les plus riches et les plus importants de la Terre. Cependant, son avenir est gravement menacé par les changements climatiques. L’effet de ces changements est indissociable de celui des activités humaines. Ainsi, la déforestation est responsable de plus de la moitié des émissions de gaz à effet de serre du Brésil. La lutte contre les changements climatique au Brésil passe donc en premier lieu par la lutte contre la déforestation. Cette lutte fait face aux enjeux actuels du développement en Amazonie, en premier lieu l’élevage et l’agriculture à grande échelle. Certains éléments des politiques récentes du Brésil vont dans le sens d’un développement moins « sauvage » en Amazonie, mais se heurtent à des intérêts économiques et politiques. Les initiatives internationales comme Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD), dans le cadre d’un accord climatique, peuvent fournir des incitatifs économiques cruciaux. Il est dans tous les cas primordial qu’un tel développement soit adapté à la réalité amazonienne et se fasse en collaboration avec les populations locales dans une optique de développement social autant qu’écologique ou économique.
Recuperação de áreas desflorestadas da Amazônia: será pertinente o cultivo da palma de óleo (Dendê)?
Authors: Becker Bertha K. 
Published: November 2010

O artigo discute a pertinência – ou não – de apoiar a expansão da lavoura do dendê na Amazônia, como uma das possibilidades de recuperar áreas desflorestadas e promover o desenvolvimento regional. Responde a três questões: quais as vantagens e quais os riscos associados à lavoura do dendê? Qual a relação entre zoneamento e desenvolvimento na Amazônia? Que desafios devem ser enfrentados como condição para a implementação dessa atividade?
Une approche géographique du tourisme intérieur dans un pays émergent : l’exemple du Brésil
Authors: Brazidec Nicolas Le 
Published: November 2010

Le tourisme n’est plus l’apanage des sociétés occidentales. La fin du vingtième siècle a été marquée par un formidable boom des flux touristiques dans les pays émergents. Au même titre que leur intégration croissante dans la mondialisation, cette nouvelle donne contribue à faire évoluer notre regard sur les pays du Sud. Elle nous conduit aussi à nous interroger sur les paysages, les formes spatiales, les acteurs et les enjeux de ce développement touristique. De même, se pose la question des logiques d’imitation ou, au contraire, de singularisation entre les pratiques des touristes des pays du Nord et ceux des « Suds ». L’exemple du Brésil permet d’appréhender ces évolutions socio-économiques et ces dynamiques territoriales, en montrant notamment que les flux internationaux, pourvoyeurs de devises, occultent souvent l’ampleur des flux touristiques intérieurs. Il montre aussi que les deux types de tourisme se déploient de manière assez différenciée au sein du territoire brésilien. Peu fréquenté par les touristes étrangers – à l’exception notoire des Argentins – le Sud du Brésil constitue un terrain d’étude approprié pour l’étude du tourisme des nationaux. L’analyse approfondie de Balneário Camboriú et Gramado, deux pôles touristiques de cette partie du pays, vise à expliciter les modalités de la mise en tourisme de lieux au site et à la situation assez distincts. Le premier, localisé sur le littoral entre Florianópolis et Curitiba, constitue la principale station balnéaire de l’État du Santa Catarina. Le second se situe à 800 mètres d’altitude sur les plateaux au nord de Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul). Malgré des similitudes dans la chronologie de leur développement touristique, Balneário Camboriú a été créé ex nihilo par l’activité touristique alors que Gramado préexistait et a été investi par le tourisme. Surtout, leurs trajectoires ont assez tôt différé, en fonction des choix effectués par les acteurs locaux. La massification de Balneário Camboriú contraste ainsi avec le caractère plutôt élitiste de Gramado. Désormais, l’un se trouve à la tête d’une conurbation touristique dont l’étalement se poursuit, tandis que l’autre s’efforce de se construire une image de village idéalisé qu’on peut qualifier de « disneylandisée ». Toutefois, dans un cas comme dans l’autre, la fréquentation touristique maximise les interactions sociales, potentielles ou réelles, propre à satisfaire la quête de sociabilité, de distinction sociale et, plus généralement, d’altérité, de ceux qui s’y rendent. Il s’agit là d’une caractéristique universelle des lieux touristiques.
Thermal Treatments of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials to Tune the Physico‐Chemical Properties and Modify the In Vitro Osteoclast Response
Authors: Egli Rainer J. , Gruenenfelder Sonja , Doebelin Nicola , Hofstetter Willy , Luginbuehl Reto , Bohner Marc 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe use of synthetic bone graft substitutes to repair bone defects has dramatically increased over the last decade. Among these materials, calcium phosphates such as tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite are amongst the most effective and the most used.1Many chemical and physical factors have been identified to influence their reactivity and degradation rate upon implantation. Recently, we found that a simple thermal treatment at temperatures of 450–600 °C was able to strongly modify the reactivity of α‐tricalcium phosphate powders [α‐TCP; α‐Ca3(PO4)2] with water without significant change of physical properties.2The strong decrease of reactivity was attributed to the thermal removal of surface defects. Here, we demonstrate the potential of this treatment to control the onset of this particular setting reaction (defined by the start of the exothermic reaction) from a few minutes to a few hours. Furthermore, we show that the behavior of osteoclast lineage cells cultured in vitro on calcium phosphates is affected by the thermal treatment. We conclude that the presented findings may open up new strategies for engineering bone void fillers.
Hybrid Materials: Silica‐Gelatin Hybrids with Tailorable Degradation and Mechanical Properties for Tissue Regeneration (Adv. Funct. Mater. 22/2010)
Authors: Mahony Oliver , Tsigkou Olga , Ionescu Claudia , Minelli Caterina , Ling Lowell , Hanly Ruth , Smith Mark E. , Stevens Molly M. , Jones Julian R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractNature has evolved mechanisms to create a diversity of specialized materials through nanoscale organization. Inspired by nature, hybrid materials are designed with highly tailorable properties, which are achieved through careful control of their nanoscale interactions. These novel materials, based on a silica‐gelatin hybrid system, have the potential to serve as a platform technology for human tissue regeneration. Covalent interactions between the inorganic and organic constituents of the hybrid are essential to enable the precise control of mechanical and dissolution properties. Furthermore, hybrid scaffold porosity is found to highly influence mechanical properties, to the extent where scaffolds of particular strength could be specified based on their porosity. The hybrids also demonstrate a non‐cytotoxic effect when mesenchymal stem cells are cultured on the material. Cytoskeletal proteins of the cells are imaged using actin and vimentin staining. It is envisaged these hybrid materials will find a diverse application in both hard and soft tissue regenerating scaffolds.
Simultaneous and Dual Emissive Imaging by Micro‐Contact Printing on the Surface of Electrostatically Assembled Water‐Soluble Poly(p‐phenylene) Using FRET
Authors: Kwak Chan Kyu , Kim Dai Geun , Kim Tae Hyeon , Lee Chang‐Soo , Lee Minjung , Lee Taek Seung 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPoly{[2,5‐bis(3‐sulfonatobutoxy)‐1,4‐phenylene sodium salt]‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylene)}, which is an anionically charged, water‐soluble poly(para‐phenylene) derivative with aldehyde groups at both chain ends, is prepared via the Suzuki coupling reaction in order to develop a FRET energy donor, while simultaneously dual‐fluorescence‐patterning the protein. Regardless of the end‐capping, the synthesized polymer exhibits a good solubility in water with an absorption maximum at 338 nm and a photoluminescence maximum at 417 nm, similar to those of the the end‐capped polymer. The emission spectrum of the polymer overlaps the absorption spectrum of fluorescein, and therefore, the polymer can be used as an energy donor with fluorescein as the energy acceptor in the FRET mechanism. This polymer design not only takes advantage of the introduction of biotin at both chain ends (through a reaction with the aldehyde end groups) to realize the facile interaction with streptavidin, but also brings into play the electrostatic features of the anionic sulfonate groups to fabricate an electrostatic self‐assembly with polycation for the pattern substrate. The micropattern of fluorescein‐labeled streptavidin is fabricated on the polymer‐coated substrate through micro‐contact printing using a polydimethylsiloxane mold. As a result, the polymer substrate exhibits a dual fluorescence micropattern, which results from the blue emission color from the energy donor and the FRET‐amplified green emission from the energy acceptor. The high‐resolution patterning is carried out for the application of multiplexing by simultaneously imaging the patterned green‐emitting fluorescein by FRET and the surrounding blue‐emitting polymer according to an optical detection scheme.
Ultrasensitive and Selective Detection of a Prognostic Indicator in Early‐Stage Cancer Using Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Wang Chunyan , Qu Konggang , Song Yujun , Ren Jinsong , Miyoshi Daisuke , Sugimoto Naoki , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: November 2010

AbstractCyclin A2 is a prognostic indicator in early‐stage cancer. However, since most of peptide‐protein bindings do not produce an easily measurable output signal, this severely hinders homogeneous detection of protein using peptide as detection probe. Cyclin A2 can be detected as low as 0.6 μM using a well‐known p21(WAF‐1) consensus senquence for a specific cyclin A2 binding motif, which is incorporated into a Tb3+ chelating macrocycle by chemical modification at the N‐terminus of CMB. Herein, a simple, ultra‐sensitive, and selective signal‐on fluorescence assay is developed for detection of a prognostic indicator in early‐stage cancer, cyclin A2. Graphene oxide (GO) is even superior to SWNTs for cyclin A2 detection. The direct detection limit using graphene oxide is 0.5 nM, 10‐fold better than using SWNTs, and 1200‐fold better than the latest reported value of 0.6 μM using the Tb3+ chelating macrocycle modified p21(WAF‐1) peptide.
Genital abnormalities in Pallister–Hall syndrome: Report of two patients and review of the literature
Authors: Narumi Yoko , Kosho Tomoki , Tsuruta Goro , Shiohara Masaaki , Shimazaki Ei , Mori Tetsuo , Shimizu Ayako , Igawa Yasuhiko , Nishizawa Shuji , Takagi Kimiyo , Kawamura Rie , Wakui Keiko , Fukushima Yoshimitsu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe describe two patients with Pallister–Hall syndrome (PHS) with genital abnormalities: a female with hydrometrocolpos secondary to vaginal atresia and a male with micropenis, hypoplastic scrotum, and bilateral cryptorchidism. Nonsense mutations in GLI3 were identified in both patients. Clinical and molecular findings of 12 previously reported patients who had GLI3 mutations and genital abnormalities were reviewed. Genital features in the male patients included hypospadias, micropenis, and bifid or hypoplastic scrotum, whereas all the females had hydrometrocolpos and/or vaginal atresia. No hotspot for GLI3 mutations has been found. The urogenital and anorectal abnormalities associated with PHS might be related to dysregulation of SHH signaling caused by GLI3 mutations rather than hormonal aberrations. We recommend that clinical investigations of genital abnormalities are considered in patients with PHS, even those without hypopituitarism. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of a microdeletion at the 7q33‐q35 disrupting the CNTNAP2 gene in a Brazilian stuttering case
Authors: Petrin Aline L. , Giacheti Célia M. , Maximino Luciana P. , Abramides Dagma V. M. , Zanchetta Sthella , Rossi Natalia F. , Richieri‐Costa Antônio , Murray Jeffrey C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSpeech and language disorders are some of the most common referral reasons to child development centers accounting for approximately 40% of cases. Stuttering is a disorder in which involuntary repetition, prolongation, or cessation of the sound precludes the flow of speech. About 5% of individuals in the general population have a stuttering problem, and about 80% of the affected children recover naturally. The causal factors of stuttering remain uncertain in most cases; studies suggest that genetic factors are responsible for 70% of the variance in liability for stuttering, whereas the remaining 30% is due to environmental effects supporting a complex cause of the disorder. The use of high‐resolution genome wide array comparative genomic hybridization has proven to be a powerful strategy to narrow down candidate regions for complex disorders. We report on a case with a complex set of speech and language difficulties including stuttering who presented with a 10 Mb deletion of chromosome region 7q33‐35 causing the deletion of several genes and the disruption of CNTNAP2 by deleting the first three exons of the gene. CNTNAP2 is known to be involved in the cause of language and speech disorders and autism spectrum disorder and is in the same pathway as FOXP2, another important language gene, which makes it a candidate gene for causal studies speech and language disorders such as stuttering. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chain transfer of vegetable oil macromonomers in acrylic solution copolymerization
Authors: Black Micah , Messman Jamie , Rawlins James 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe use of vegetable oil macromonomers (VOMMs) as comonomers in emulsion polymerization enables good film coalescence without the use of solvents that constitute volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOMMs are derived from renewable resources and offer the potential of post‐application crosslinking via auto‐oxidation. However, chain transfer reactions of VOMMs with initiator and/or polymer radicals during emulsion polymerization reduce the amount of allylic hydrogen atoms available for primary auto‐oxidation during drying. Vegetable oils and derivatives were reacted with butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate via solution polymerization, and the polymerization was monitored using in situ infrared spectroscopy to determine the extent of chain transfer. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the loci of chain transfer and the molecular weight characteristics of the polymers were characterized by SEC. Solution polymerization was utilized because this limited temperature fluctuations and insolubility of the polymer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
DNA adsorption on poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)‐grafted chitosan hydrogels
Authors: Başer Burcu , Demirel Gökçen Birlik , Caykara Tuncer 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) grafted chitosan (PDMAAm‐g‐CT) hydrogels were prepared for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adsorption. Instead of directly grafting the N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) monomer onto the chitosan (CT) chains, poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) with carboxylic acid end group (PDMAAm‐COOH) was firstly synthesized by free‐radical polymerization using mercaptoacetic acid (MAAc) as the chain‐transfer agent and then grafted onto the CT having amino groups. The synthesis of PDMAAm‐COOH and its grafting onto the CT chains were confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy. From gel permeation chromatography measurements, the number‐average molecular weight (Mn) and polydispersity index of PDMAAm‐COOH were found as 2400 g/mol and 2.3, respectively. The PDMAAm‐g‐CT hydrogels were utilized as the adsorbents in DNA adsorption experiments conducted at +4°C in a trisEDTA solution of pH 7.4. The hydrogels produced with higher PDMAAm‐COOH content exhibited higher DNA adsorption capacity. The DNA adsorption capacity up to 4620 μg DNA/g dry gel could be achieved with the PDMAAm‐g‐CT hydrogels prepared in 80.0 wt % PDMAAm‐COOH feed concentration. This value is approximately seven times higher than that of CT alone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation of nanoclay‐dispersed polystyrene nanofibers via atom transfer radical polymerization and electrospinning
Authors: Roghani‐Mamaqani Hossein , Haddadi‐Asl Vahid , Najafi Mohammad , Salami‐Kalajahi Mehdi 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this study, clay‐dispersed polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites were prepared with the in situ atom transfer radical polymerization method and were subsequently electrospun to form nanofibers 450–650 nm in diameter. The polymer chains extracted from the clay‐dispersed nanofibers exhibited a narrow range of molecular weight distribution. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed a higher thermal stability of the resulting nanocomposites compared to PS. The effect of the weight ratio of montmorillonite on the thermal properties of the nanocomposites was also studied by TGA. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the addition of the nanoclay increased the glass‐transition temperature. Moreover, degradation of the bromide chain‐end functionality took place at low temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the average diameter of the fibers was around 500 nm. The dispersion of clay layers was also evaluated by Al atoms in the PS matrix with the energy‐dispersive X‐ray detection technique. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the exfoliation of the nanoclay within the matrix. However, the clay layers were oriented along the nanofiber axis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Styrene–butadiene rubber/cellulose II/clay nanocomposites prepared by cocoagulation—mechanical properties
Authors: Zine Carmen Lane Giri , da Conceição Alberto Justino , Visconte Leila L. Y. , Ito Edson Noriyuki , Nunes Regina C. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this work, nanocomposites of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), cellulose II, and clay were prepared by cocoagulation of SBR latex, cellulose xanthate, and clay aqueous suspension mixtures. The incorporated amount of cellulose II was 15 phr, and the clay varied from 0 to 7 phr. The influence of cellulose II and clay was investigated by rheometric, mechanical, physicochemical, and morphological properties. From the analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dispersion in nanometric scale (below 100nm) of the cellulosic and mineral components throughout the elastomeric matrix was observed. XRD analysis suggested that fully exfoliated structure could be obtained by this method when low loading of silicate layers (up to 5 phr) is used. The results from mechanical tests showed that the nanocomposites presented better mechanical properties than SBR gum vulcanizate. Furthermore, 5 phr of clay is enough to achieve the best tensile properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Morphology and chemical elements detection of cured urea–formaldehyde resins
Authors: Park Byung‐Dae , Jeong Ho‐Won , Lee Sang‐Min 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAs a part of understanding the hydrolysis of cured urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins that has been known as responsible for the formaldehyde emission, leading to sick building syndrome, this study attempted to investigate the morphology and to detect chemical elements of the cured UF resins of different formaldehyde/urea (F/U) mole ratios and hardener (NH4Cl) levels, using field emission‐scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. Cured UF resins of low F/U mole ratio showed spherical structure whose diameter increased with an increase in the hardener level, whereas this was not observed for high F/U mole ratio UF resins regardless of the hardener levels. The energy‐dispersive spectroscopy results showed five different chemical elements such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, chloride, and sodium in cured UF resins. The chloride distribution assumed as the presence of residual acid in the cured UF resins suggested that the hydrolysis of cured UF resins could initiate at the sites of chlorides on the surface of the spherical structures. As the hardener level increased, the quantities of both carbon and oxygen decreased, whereas those of nitrogen and chloride increased as expected. But the quantity of sodium was within measurement error. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Optical properties of modified epoxy resin with various oxime derivatives in the UV‐VIS spectral region
Authors: Durmus Haziret , Safak Haluk , Akbas H. Zehra , Ahmetli Gulnare 
Published: November 2010

AbstractOptical absorbance measurements have been performed on the epoxy resin and the composites prepared by its modification with two different oxime derivatives (benzaldoxime and 2‐furaldoxime) in the wavelength interval of 190–680 nm by unpolarized light. Using the experimental absorbance data, dielectric constant and refractive index dispersion have been determined by means of standard oscillator fit procedure. Moreover, based on the dispersion analysis, direct and indirect band gap energies of the samples have been calculated. It is found that direct band energy for epoxy is nearly 3.49 eV, while its value for the oxime derivatives has been increased up to the 4.15 eV. Another important result to be pointed out is that the absorbance for the 2‐furaldoxime doped resin has been greatly increased in a respectively, narrow interval (∼ 30 nm wide) in the UV region, while in the case for the benzaldoxime doped sample, a decreasing has been observed in the absorbance at the same region. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride in ethanol‐water solution
Authors: Wang Xiaona , Yue Qinyan , Gao Baoyu , Si Xiaohui , Sun Xun , Zhang Shengxiao 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPoly (acrylamide‐dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (PAM‐DMDAAC) particles have been prepared via dispersion polymerizations using poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a steric stabilizer in ethanol‐water media. The monomer reactivity ratios of acrylamide (AM, r1) and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC, r2) were determined as 6.664 and 0.120, respectively, which means that PAM‐DMDAAC is a nonideal copolymer. The effects of various polymerization parameters (e.g., concentration of monomer and initiator, medium polarity, the ratio of AM to DMDAAC, initial temperature and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA)) on the intrinsic viscosity and conversion of copolymer have been investigated. The copolymer was characterized by FTIR and NMR. The optimum operating conditions for preparing PAM‐DMDAAC were determined as ethanol content 50%, Cmonomer (wt %) 40%, nAM: nDMDAAC 8 : 2, Cinitiator (wt %) 0.04% and initiate temperature 40°C. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011