bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal carbon monoxide generated from small internal combustion engines
Authors: Hyson Brian E , Friedman Brittany M , Spear Brianna , Bishop-Freeman Sandra C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fuel-burning small engines have the potential to emit dangerous and potentially lethal concentrations of carbon monoxide when used in poorly ventilated environments. The North Carolina Office of the Chief Medical Examiner investigated seven cases from 2013 to 2020 involving lethal carbon monoxide from small internal combustion engines. Evaluation of percent carboxyhemoglobin saturation was determined in these case studies as ratios of carboxyhemoglobin to reduced hemoglobin, using HP 8453 and Agilent 8454 UV-Visible Spectrophotometers (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Sources of carbon monoxide included a pressure washer, a propane-powered forklift, an inboard engine boat, a motorcycle, propane and kerosene heaters, and home-use generators. It was demonstrated during a death investigation that the Dräger X-am 2000 electrochemical gas monitor often used by first responders, falsely reacted to acetylene gas, initially misleading investigators to the source of the carbon monoxide. Educating first responders about not only the hazards of these unexpected carbon monoxide sources, but the limitations of their equipment, is a valuable goal of disseminating complete medical examiner case information. The details of these cases will educate first responders, the forensic science community, and public health leaders on potential small engine sources of carbon monoxide in death investigations, responder safety, and the limitations of portable air quality monitoring equipment during death investigation.
ZW10: an emerging orchestrator of organelle dynamics during the cell division cycle
Authors: Bellah Sm Faysal , Yang Fengrui , Xiong Fangyuan , Dou Zhen , Yao Xuebiao , Liu Xing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Zeste white 10 (ZW10) was first identified as a centromere/kinetochore protein encoded by the ZW10 gene in Drosophila. ZW10 guides the spindle assembly checkpoint signaling during mitotic chromosome segregation in metazoans. Recent studies have shown that ZW10 is also involved in membrane-bound organelle interactions during interphase and plays a vital role in membrane transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Despite these findings, the precise molecular mechanisms by which ZW10 regulates interactions between membrane-bound organelles in interphase and the assembly of membraneless organelle kinetochore in mitosis remain elusive. Here, we highlight how ZW10 forms context-dependent protein complexes during the cell cycle. These complexes are essential for mediating membrane trafficking in interphase and ensuring the accurate segregation of chromosomes in mitosis.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene mutation as a potential risk factor for spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric low-grade glioma patients
Authors: Gonzalez-Vega Maxine , M. Lebert Brittany , Campion Stephani , Wagner Aaron , Aguilar-Bonilla Ana , A. Smith Amy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) mutations have been associated with poorer prognoses in pediatric central nervous system tumor patients. A recent study highlighted a link between FGFR1 mutations and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), demonstrating that all patients with an FGFR1 alteration experienced hemorrhage at some point during their course of treatment.

Methods
The current study examined 50 out of 67 pediatric patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs) who had genomic testing between 2011 and 2022 at our institution to determine whether a correlation exists between FGFR1 mutations and spontaneous ICH.

Results
We found that of the 50 patients with genomic data, 7 (14%) experienced ICH, and an additional spontaneous hemorrhage was recorded; however, no genomic testing was performed for this case. Five of the seven patients (71.4%) had an FGFR1 modification. In our patient population, 6 expressed a detectable FGFR1 mutation (66.7% [4/6] had N546K alteration, 16.7% [1/6] FGFR1 exons duplication, and 16.7% [1/6] had a variant of unknown significance [VUS]). The patient with the FGFR1 VUS had no reported spontaneous hemorrhage. Statistical analysis found a significant association between FGFR1 and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (P-value = &lt; .0001). In the patient population, all cases of PTPN11 alterations (n = 3) co-occurred with FGFR1 mutations.

Conclusions
Our case series highlights this link between the FGFR1 mutation and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in pediatric LGGs.
Microbial and Biochemical Biofungicides Ineffective Against Alternaria Black Spot on Organic Kale
Authors: Keinath Anthony P. 
Published: June 2024

In South Carolina, the disease black spot on kale is caused by the fungi Alternaria brassicicola and A. japonica. Because all kale cultivars are presumed to be susceptible, organic producers may apply biofungicides to prevent or manage black spot. Microbial and biochemical biofungicides were tested in the greenhouse (12 products) and the field (10 products) against black spot caused by both Alternaria spp. on organically produced kale. Thereafter, three biofungicides (copper hydroxide, potassium silicate, and Reynoutria sachalinensis extract) were tested in the field on three kale cultivars. Although several biofungicides reduced black spot in the greenhouse compared with the water-treated control, no biofungicides did so in the field even though they were applied preventatively before plants were inoculated. Biofungicides also did not increase the weight of healthy leaves compared with the water-treated control in any field experiment. Conversely, two biofungicides that increased the severity and incidence of black spot in the greenhouse, B. amyloliquefaciens F727 and potassium bicarbonate, reduced weights of healthy leaves in the field. On average, curly kale cultivar Winterbor had fewer diseased leaves than curly kale cultivar Darkibor, and lacinato kale cultivar Toscano had fewer diseased leaves than curly kale. Winterbor also consistently produced greater healthy leaf weight than Darkibor. Biopesticides are not recommended against black spot on organic kale. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Association of Postarrest Hypotension Burden With Unfavorable Neurologic Outcome After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Liu Raymond , Majumdar Tanmay , Gardner Monique M. , Burnett Ryan , Graham Kathryn , Beaulieu Forrest , Sutton Robert M. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Berg Robert A. , Morgan Ryan W. , Topjian Alexis A. , Kirschen Matthew P. 
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE:
Quantify hypotension burden using high-resolution continuous arterial blood pressure (ABP) data and determine its association with outcome after pediatric cardiac arrest.

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational study.

SETTING:
Academic PICU.

PATIENTS:
Children 18 years old or younger admitted with in-of-hospital or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who had invasive ABP monitoring during postcardiac arrest care.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
High-resolution continuous ABP was analyzed up to 24 hours after the return of circulation (ROC). Hypotension burden was the time-normalized integral area between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and fifth percentile MAP for age. The primary outcome was unfavorable neurologic status (pediatric cerebral performance category ≥ 3 with change from baseline) at hospital discharge. Mann-Whitney U tests compared hypotension burden, duration, and magnitude between favorable and unfavorable patients. Multivariable logistic regression determined the association of unfavorable outcomes with hypotension burden, duration, and magnitude at various percentile thresholds from the 5th through 50th percentile for age. Of 140 patients (median age 53 [interquartile range 11–146] mo, 61% male); 63% had unfavorable outcomes. Monitoring duration was 21 (7–24) hours. Using a MAP threshold at the fifth percentile for age, the median hypotension burden was 0.01 (0–0.11) mm Hg-hours per hour, greater for patients with unfavorable compared with favorable outcomes (0 [0–0.02] vs. 0.02 [0–0.27] mm Hg-hr per hour, p < 0.001). Hypotension duration and magnitude were greater for unfavorable compared with favorable patients (0.03 [0–0.77] vs. 0.71 [0–5.01]%, p = 0.003; and 0.16 [0–1.99] vs. 2 [0–4.02] mm Hg, p = 0.001). On logistic regression, a 1-point increase in hypotension burden below the fifth percentile for age (equivalent to 1 mm Hg-hr of burden per hour of recording) was associated with increased odds of unfavorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 14.8; 95% CI, 1.1–200; p = 0.040). At MAP thresholds of 10th–50th percentiles for age, MAP burden below the threshold was greater in unfavorable compared with favorable patients in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONS:
High-resolution continuous ABP data can be used to quantify hypotension burden after pediatric cardiac arrest. The burden, duration, and magnitude of hypotension are associated with unfavorable neurologic outcomes.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Olanzapine: Effects of Clinical Factors on Plasma Concentrations in Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Ansermot Nicolas , Vathanarasa Harish , Ranjbar Setareh , Gholam Mehdi , Crettol Séverine , Vandenberghe Frederik , Gamma Franziska , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , von Gunten Armin , Conus Philippe , Eap Chin B. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is strongly recommended for olanzapine due to its high pharmacokinetic variability. This study aimed to investigate the impact of various clinical factors on olanzapine plasma concentrations in patients with psychiatric disorders.

Methods:
The study used TDM data from the PsyMetab cohort, including 547 daily dose–normalized, steady-state, olanzapine plasma concentrations (C:D ratios) from 248 patients. Both intrinsic factors (eg, sex, age, body weight) and extrinsic factors (eg, smoking status, comedications, hospitalization) were examined. Univariate and multivariable, linear, mixed-effects models were employed, with a stepwise selection procedure based on Akaike information criterion to identify the relevant covariates.

Results:
In the multivariable model (based on 440 observations with a complete data set), several significant findings emerged. Olanzapine C:D ratios were significantly lower in smokers (β = −0.65, P < 0.001), valproate users (β = −0.53, P = 0.002), and inpatients (β = −0.20, P = 0.025). Furthermore, the C:D ratios decreased significantly as the time since the last dose increased (β = −0.040, P < 0.001). The male sex had a significant main effect on olanzapine C:D ratios (β = −2.80, P < 0.001), with significant interactions with age (β = 0.025, P < 0.001) and body weight (β = 0.017, P = 0.011). The selected covariates explained 30.3% of the variation in C:D ratios, with smoking status accounting for 7.7% and sex contributing 6.9%. The overall variation explained by both the fixed and random parts of the model was 67.4%. The model facilitated the prediction of olanzapine C:D ratios based on sex, age, and body weight.

Conclusions:
The clinical factors examined in this study, including sex, age, body weight, smoking status, and valproate comedication, remarkably influence olanzapine C:D ratios. Considering these factors, in addition to TDM and the clinical situation, could be important for dose adjustment.
Compression Therapy for Keloid Scars: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tahir Sadia M. , Ihebom Diane , Simman Richard 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Keloid scars have a multitude of treatments with varying success rates. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to study the different types of compression therapies used following surgical excision and their recurrence rates.

Methods:
A literature search was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Reviews. The following keywords were used in the search: “keloid” and “compression.” The following inclusion criteria were used: (1) identifying lesion must be a keloid and (2) use of any type of compression therapy for keloid scar.

Results:
A total of 27 articles were included in the final analysis, grouped into three treatment modalities for comparison. The three treatment modalities are (1) surgical excision and compression earring, (2) surgical excision and silicone gel sheeting, and (3) surgical excision, compression earring, and silicone gel sheeting. Based on our analysis, combination treatment with compression earring device and silicone gel sheeting had the lowest recurrence rate when compared with compression earring device or silicone gel alone, but the difference in recurrence rates between the three treatment modalities was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
There were too few studies included in each treatment modality with even fewer sample sizes, and there is a need for a greater number of studies with increased sample size to evaluate which therapy is the most efficacious in preventing keloid recurrence following surgical excision.
Research Letter: Relationship of Blood Biomarkers of Inflammation With Acute Concussion Symptoms and Recovery in the CARE Consortium
Authors: Meier Timothy B. , Huber Daniel L. , Goeckner Bryna D. , Gill Jessica M. , Pasquina Paul , Broglio Steven P. , McAllister Thomas W. , Harezlak Jaroslaw , McCrea Michael A. ,   CARE Consortium Investigators
Published: June 2024

Objective:
Determine the association of inflammatory biomarkers with clinical measures and recovery in participants with concussion.

Setting:
Multicenter study in National Collegiate Athletic Association member institutions including military service academies.

Participants:
Four hundred twenty-two participants with acute concussion.

Design:
Clinical visits and blood draws were completed preinjury and at multiple visits postconcussion (0-12 hours, 12-36 hours, and 36-60 hours postinjury). Clinical measures included Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) symptom severity, Balance Error Scoring System, Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC), Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) scores, time to initiation of graduated return-to-play (RTP) protocol, and time to RTP. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-1 receptor antagonist (RA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), c-reactive protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in serum. Prespecified analyses focused on IL-6 and IL-1RA at 0 to 12 hours; exploratory analyses were conducted with false discovery rate correction.

Results:
For prespecified analyses, IL-1RA at 0 to 12 hours in female participants was positively associated with more errors on the SAC (B(standard error, SE) = 0.58(0.27), P < .05) and worse SCAT symptom severity (B(SE) = 0.96(0.44), P < .05). For exploratory analyses, higher levels of IL-1RA at 12 to 36 hours were associated with higher global (B(SE) = 0.55(0.14), q < 0.01), depression (B(SE) = 0.45(0.10), q < 0.005), and somatization scores on the BSI (B(SE) = 0.46(0.12), q < 0.01) in participants with concussion; Higher TNF at 12 to 36 hours was associated with fewer errors on the SAC (B(SE) = − 0.46(0.14), q < 0.05). Subanalyses showed similar results for male participants and participants who were athletes. No associations were discovered in nonathlete cadets. Higher IL-8 at 0 to 12 hours was associated with slower RTP in female participants (OR = 14.47; 95% confidence interval, 2.96-70.66, q < 0.05); no other associations with recovery were observed.

Conclusions:
Peripheral inflammatory markers are associated with clinical symptoms following concussion and potentially represent one mechanism for psychological symptoms observed postinjury. Current results do not provide strong support for a potential prognostic role for these markers.
Efficacy of naproxen in patients with sciatica: multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Grøvle Lars , Hasvik Eivind , Holst René , Sætre Anders , Brox Jens Ivar , Mathiassen Ståle , Myhre Kjersti , Holmgard Thor Einar , Haugen Anne Julsrud 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This trial assessed the efficacy of naproxen in patients with sciatica in outpatient clinics across 4 Norwegian hospitals. A total of 123 adults with radiating pain below the knee (≥4 on a 0-10 numeric rating scale) and signs consistent with nerve root involvement were included. Participants were randomized to receive either naproxen 500 mg or a placebo twice daily for 10 days. The primary outcome, daily leg pain intensity measured on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale throughout the treatment period, revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of naproxen, with an adjusted mean difference of −0.5 (95% CI −0.8 to −0.1, P = 0.015). In the naproxen group, the treatment effect was significantly related to time, and over the whole 10-day period, the average adjusted difference was −0.6 (95% CI −0.8 to −0.5). Mean numbers needed to treat for 30% and 50% improvement were 9.9 (95% CI 4.7-15.0) and 20.7 (8.7-32.7), respectively. The adjusted mean difference for back pain was −0.4 (95% CI −0.8 to 0.0), and for Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire for Sciatica, it was −1.5 (95% CI −3.0 to 0.0). No differences were found for sciatica bothersomeness or consumption of rescue medication or opioids. Participants in the naproxen group exhibited an adjusted odds ratio of 4.7 (95% CI 1.3-16.2) for improvement by 1 level on the global perceived change scale. In conclusion, naproxen treatment showed small, likely clinically unimportant benefits compared with placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe sciatica.
Outcomes of bariatric surgery in the setting of compensated advanced chronic liver disease associated with clinically significant portal hypertension: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study on feasibility and safety
Authors: Temime Victor , Ghanem Omar M. , Heimbach Julie K. , Diwan Tayyab S. , Tranchart Hadrien , Abdallah Hussein , Blanchard Claire , Lontrichard Marie , Reche Fabian , Borel Anne-Laure , Belluzzi Amanda , Foletto Mirto , Manno Emilio , Poghosyan Tigran , Chierici Andrea , Iannelli Antonio 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The obesity epidemic has led to an increase in the proportion of patients with chronic liver disease due to metabolic associated steatosic liver disease and in the prevalence of obesity in patients with cirrhosis. Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has been proven to determine weight loss, obesity-related medical problems remission, and liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis improvement. However, cirrhosis and portal hypertension are well-known risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality after surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of MBS in patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cALCD) and clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH).

Material and methods:
This is an international, multicentric, retrospective study on 63 individuals affected by obesity with cALCD and CSPH who underwent MBS in tertiary referral centers with experts hepatobiliary surgeons between January 2010 and October 2022. The primary endpoint was postoperative mortality at 90 days. The secondary endpoints included postoperative weight loss at last follow-up and postoperative complication rate. In addition, the authors performed subgroup analyses of Child-Pugh (A vs. B) score, MELD (≤9 vs. >9) score, and type of surgery.

Results:
One patient (1.6%) experienced gastric leakage and mortality. There were three (5%) reported cases of portal vein thrombosis, two (3%) postoperative acute renal failure, and one (1.6%) postoperative encephalopathy. Child-Pugh score A resulted to be a protective factor for intraoperative bleeding requiring transfusion at univariate analysis (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55–0.97, P=0.046) but not at multivariate analysis. MELD>9 score and the type of surgery did not result to be a risk factor for any postoperative complication.

Conclusion:
MBS is safe in patients with cALCD and CSPH performed in tertiary bariatric referral centers with hepatobiliary expert surgeons. Larger, prospective studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.
Changes in serum ghrelin and resistin levels after sleeve gastrectomy versus one anastomosis gastric bypass: prospective cohort study
Authors: Ozmen Fusun , Şahin Tevfik T. , Dolgun Anil , Ozmen M. Mahir 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Humoral factors and neural mechanisms play a central role in the pathogenesis of obesity and in weight loss following bariatric surgery. Although various hormones and adipokines, including ghrelin and resistin, are linked to obesity, studies analyzing the changes in fasting ghrelin and resistin levels in patients following one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) are lacking.

Aim:
The authors aimed to investigate resistin and ghrelin levels before and after two commonly used bariatric procedures with different mechanisms of action: sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and OAGB.

Patients and methods:
Fasting serum ghrelin and resistin levels were evaluated by using ELISA in a nonrandomized, prospective cohort study for the pattern of changes in the preoperative period and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and, 12 months after surgery in age and sex-matched patients with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 undergoing either SG (n=40) or OAGB (n=40). Their relationships with demographic parameters such as body weight, BMI, presence of T2DM, HbA1C, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index were also evaluated.

Results:
OAGB was superior in weight control compared to the SG group. There were significant differences in resistin and ghrelin levels between the OAGB and SG groups. Ghrelin decreased more in the SG group than the preoperative values. This change in ghrelin levels was more significant at 1 year after SG [preoperative mean (range) level of 334.2 (36.6–972.1) pg/ml decreased to 84 (9.1–227) pg/ml at 1 year] whereas in the OAGB group no significant change was observed [preoperative mean (range) level of 310 (146–548) pg/ml decreased to 264 (112–418) pg/ml at 1 year]. Resistin levels decreased in both groups, especially after 3 months and onward following both operations [the mean (range) resistin levels were 2.6 (0.87–5.4) ng/ml and decreased to 1.1 (0.5–2.4) ng/ml in the SG group vs 2.48 (0.89–6.43) ng/ml decreased to 0.72 (0.35–1.8) ng/ml in OAGB group at 1 year], which was in parallel with changes in HOMA-IR index, body weight, and BMI changes at 1st year. HOMA-IR index changes were similar, but more prominent after OAGB. OAGB was als3 three months and onward), and HOMA-IR changes.

Conclusion:
This is the first study to compare fasting ghrelin and resistin levels after OAGB and SG. Although similar changes were observed, ghrelin changes were more prominent after SG, whereas resistin were observed after OAGB. OAGB was superior in T2DM control, which was in parallel with weight loss, fasting resistin levels, and HOMA-IR changes suggesting a possible effect of resistin after OAGB in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.