bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIITING CANCER BACK: THE EFFECTS OF ONE MONTH OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON INFLAMMATION, BODY COMPOSITION, AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN CANCER SURVIVORS
Authors: Farley Dr Morgan , Boytar Mr Alexander , Adlard Ms Kirsten , Salisbury Dr Chloe , Schaumberg Dr Mia , Jenkins Professor David , Skinner Associate Professor Tina 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION/AIMS
Chronic inflammation, low fitness, and unfavourable body composition are often side effects of anti-cancer therapies and are associated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence. However, the response of these variables to high intensity interval training (HIIT), and the relationship among these predictors of cancer recurrence, is yet to be explored in cancer survivors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of one month of HIIT on inflammation, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness and explore the relationships among these variables in breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors.

METHODS
Survivors (n=131) of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer (60.1±10.3 years, 26.9±4.9 kg/m2, 67% female) completed one month of HIIT (12 sessions: 4x4min at 85-95% peak heart rate (HRpeak), interspersed with 3-minutes at 50-75% HRpeak). Body composition via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, cardiorespiratory fitness via V̇O2peak, and fasted blood were measured at baseline and at one month. Blood was analysed for inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)).

RESULTS
HIIT resulted in significant reductions in IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α (-37-39%, p&lt;0.001) and significant increases in leg lean mass (+400g, p=0.008) and absolute V̇O2peak (+0.2 L/min, p&lt;0.001). Despite this, the only significant association among the changes in these variables was a weak correlation between IL-10 and absolute V̇O2peak (rs=0.256, p=0.013).

CONCLUSION
One month of HIIT elicited significant improvement in markers of systemic inflammation, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness. However, improvements in these variables were not strongly related and occur independent of each other. The findings of this study demonstrate 4x4 HIIT is an effective prescriptive tool to elicit rapid improvements in physiological markers, through apparent independent pathways. Therefore, exercise physiologists working with cancer survivors should consider utilising 4x4 HIIT to their exercise prescriptions as a time efficient means to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and improve survivorship.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN THE UK BIOBANK
Authors: Gower Bethany , Girard Dr Danielle , Boyle Dr Terry , Davison A/Prof Kade 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIM
Physical activity (PA) is known to be associated with a decreased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in apparently healthy adults. The association between PA and risk of death for individuals with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) at baseline is less well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the association between PA levels and survival in individuals with prevalent CVD at baseline.

METHODS
A survival analysis involving 38,291 UK Biobank participants with prevalent CVD at baseline was conducted. Physical activity was assessed using accelerometry-calibrated PA which measures total energy expended in PA. Prevalent CVD, all-cause mortality, and CVD mortality were determined through ICD-10 codes and data linkage through death and hospital records. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of all-cause, overall cardiovascular, and specific CVD category mortality for quartiles of PA after adjusting for known confounders.

RESULTS
There were 6,540 all-cause deaths and 3,559 cardiovascular deaths with median follow up time of 11.98 years. The risk of all-cause and overall cardiovascular mortality reduced with increasing dose of PA (highest vs lowest PA; HR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.64 - 0.76 and 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62 - 0.79, respectively). Those in the highest quartile of PA had a 41% reduced risk of dying from cerebrovascular disease and a 38% reduced risk of dying from and hypertensive diseases (including hypertensive heart disease with heart failure).

CONCLUSION
Higher levels of PA are associated with lower risk of all-cause and overall cardiovascular mortality in individuals with prevalent CVD at baseline. These findings highlight the importance of PA in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
PASIFIKA MOVING: A CO-DESIGNED AND CULTURALLY INCLUSIVE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM FOR PASIFIKA COMMUNITIES IN WESTERN SYDNEY
Authors: Lederman Dr Oscar , Caperchione Professor Cristina 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION & AIMS
Pasifika migrant communities in Western Sydney, including Tongan, Samoan, Cook Islander, Fijian, and Māori face significant health disparities including higher rates of obesity, Type two diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Modifiable risk factors including physical inactivity are primary drivers. Previous lifestyle interventions have been unsuccessful due to inadequate community consultation. This study aims to work with Western Sydney’s Pasifika community to design and deliver a sustainable and culturally responsive physical activity program.

METHODS
The project comprises two phases. Phase A involved 2 co-design workshops or ‘Talanoas’, comprising community leaders, service users, caregivers, Pasifika practitioners, and Academics. Participatory research methods including mixed qualitative and quantitative methods were used to understand barriers, facilitators and preferences for a tailored physical activity program. Phase B, set to commence in 2024 includes the implementation of this program, which will be evaluated for its feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness.

RESULTS
Phase 1 co-design included consultation with 24 individuals including; Pasifika community members, Pasifika community leaders, service users, Pasifika clinicians, and Academics. Results exposed essential cultural and practical considerations for the physical activity program. Pasifika Mothers were identified as a priority group considering their influential role within family structures and the broader Pasifika community. A focus on community-led, sustainable, accessible, and enjoyable group-based activity was evident. Co-design sessions were rated as highly acceptable.

CONCLUSION
The study not only lays the foundation for both Pasifika Moving, but also will inform future community health initiatives which target health disparities in under-served and culturally diverse communities. Pasifika Moving is an example of an initiative that is designed by, for, and led by the community. The outcomes from this study have broader implications to improve health equity and enhance the healthcare landscape by developing culturally competent healthcare professionals and services.
ENHANCING FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE WITH ECCENTRIC CYCLING TRAINING IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Stauborg Ms Lucy , Mairoana Prof Andrew , Haynes Mr Andrew , Hillis Prof Graham , Dembo Dr Lawrence , Nosaka Prof Kazunori , Green Mr Daniel John , Naylor Ms Louise H. 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
Exercise training is recommended for comprehensive management of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, limited exercise capacity prevents many patients from gaining optimal training benefit. Given eccentric cycling is well tolerated in HFrEF, and enables greater power output, we hypothesized that eccentric cycling training would result in superior functional outcomes than concentric cycling training when the interventions were matched for heart rate (HR).

METHODS
Forty-five participants (9♀, 57±13 y; BMI 27±5 kg/m2) with HFrEF (ejection fraction 33±10%, New York Heart Association class II) were randomized in a 1:1 superiority clinical trial to either eccentric cycling training (ET, n = 25) or concentric cycling training (CT, n = 20). Each intervention involved 2-weeks of familiarization and 12-weeks of training at matched relative intensity (40-80% of HR reserve), twice weekly. Primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), secondary outcomes included 6-minute walk, functional lower extremity strength and health-related quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure, MLHF).

RESULTS
Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant interaction effects for 6-min walk (ET 476±77 to 547±80 m vs CT 485±106 to 516±113 m, P=0.015), 30s sit-to-stand (ET 12±3 to 16±3 repetitions vs CT 13±4 to 14±3 repetitions, P=0.002), and timed up-and-go (ET 7.2±1.2 to 6.2±1.1 s vs CT 7.6±1.5 to 7.3±1.9 s, P=0.019). There were significant time effects for V̇O2peak (ET: 17.7±4.8 to 19.1±5.2 ml/kg/min and CT 17.4±6.0 to 19.8±6.0 ml/kg/min, P&lt;0.001), and MLWHF (ET 31±24 to 23±16 and CT 32±19 to 27±16, P=0.003).

CONCLUSION
When matched for heart rate to control cardiovascular burden, ET demonstrated superior effect in functional capacity, and similar benefits in aerobic capacity (V̇O2peak) and health-related quality of life, when compared to CT. ET is a novel and efficacious approach for clinical benefit in highly compromised HFrEF patients, who represent a challenge in terms of exercise prescription.
“CLIMBING IS MY WEAPON” – A PSYCHOSOCIAL BOULDERING INTERVENTION FOR ADOLESCENTS AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF ADOLESCENTS IN LEBANON
Authors: Luttenberger Prof. Dr. Katharina , Rosenbaum Simon , Najem Charbel , Baggenstoß Beat 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS
Previous research highlights the positive effects of physical activity, also climbing therapy, on mental health, including benefits on depression and self-esteem. Recognising the mental health challenges faced by young people in Lebanon, particularly in the context of multiple crises and forced displacement, this interventional study explores the benefits of a psychosocial climbing programme in eastern Lebanon.

METHODS
In collaboration with the non-profit organisation ClimbAID, this waitlist-controlled, partially randomised, mixed-methods study examines the effects of an eight-week psychosocial bouldering group intervention on overall mental well-being, levels of psychological distress, self-efficacy and social cohesion among a group of host and refugee youth in the Bekaa Valley. Qualitative interviews with 40 participants provide insights into their experiences, lessons learned and subjective outcomes. The intervention, delivered by 2 trained facilitators and up to 2 volunteers, took place weekly for 2 hours with groups of up to 12 young people.

RESULTS
With 233 participants, the trial had a dropout rate of approximately 33%. The intervention group showed significant improvements in overall mental well-being and psychological distress compared with the waitlist groups. Group allocation was the only significant predictor of improved mental well-being, in addition to baseline scores. While no significant differences in self-efficacy and social cohesion were observed, qualitative analysis revealed that participants highly valued the non-judgmental approach, highlighting significant benefits in interpersonal relationships and mental well-being.

CONCLUSION
In the challenging humanitarian context of forced displacement, the psychosocial bouldering intervention effectively enhanced well-being and reduced psychological distress among host and refugee youth in Bekaa, Lebanon. As a group intervention, bouldering emerges as a valuable option for supporting host and refugee populations in low-income countries.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: ARE RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS REPRESENTATIVE OF REAL-WORLD PATIENTS?
Authors: Tran Mr Thai Binh , Tahir Ms Noor Ul Eman , Bates Mr Alexander , Nguyễn Ms Jennifer , Hassan Doctor Hicham Ibrahim Cheikh , Thom A/Prof Jeanette , Sen Dr Shaundeep , Lambert Assoc Prof Kelly , Arnold Ria 
Published: May 2024

Physical activity is important to maintain good health for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, people with CKD often have a complex health status which necessitates advice tailored to their safety profile. As such, this study aimed to review clinical practice recommendations on physical activity for people with CKD and evaluate how representative research participants are compared to a real-world cohort.
A systematic search was completed to identify physical activity recommendations for people with CKD Stage 3-5. Primary studies that informed these recommendations were identified and data extracted. Meta-analysis of proportion was undertaken for sex, age, and comorbidities and compared to n=679 people with CKD from the Centre for Health Research Illawarra-Shoalhaven Population database.
There were 17 physical activity recommendations for people with CKD. Thirteen provided physical activity guidelines for general adult populations. Three provided specific guidance on exercise prescription. Thirty-four primary studies informed these recommendations, including 22 intervention (65%); 6 aetiology (18%); 4 prognosis (12%); and 2 screening studies (6%). Twelve interventional studies were randomised controlled trials (55%). Primary intervention studies comprised 1,792 participants. Compared to the real-world cohort, research participants were significantly younger (mean age 59.7 vs 78.2); had higher proportions of male (60% vs 51%), hypertension (89% vs 80%) and peripheral vascular disease (12% vs 6%); but lower proportions of coronary artery disease (16% vs 20%) and diabetes (35% vs 38%).
Physical activity recommendations for people with CKD lacked specific, tailored advice to address the complex health status and safety profile of people with CKD. Primary intervention studies that inform these recommendations included participants that were younger and had different comorbid profile when compared to a real-world cohort. Future intervention trials with pragmatic design are needed to improve the evidence base and specificity of recommendations.
ASSESSING THE RESPONSE OF HYPERTHERMIC MEN AND WOMEN TO THE CURRENT COLD-WATER IMMERSION GUIDELINES FOR EXERTIONAL HEAT STROKE TREATMENT
Authors: Hutchins Miss Kate , Sotomaior Ms Bruna Bittencourt , Gibson Mr Alexander , Borg Dr David , Minett A/Prof Geoffrey , Stewart Prof Ian 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION
According to best-practice guidelines, whole-body cold-water immersion is the most effective treatment for exertional heat stroke. How women respond to this treatment has received limited consideration despite some evidence suggesting women may cool more rapidly than men. This research evaluated the suitability of the existing exertional heat stroke guidelines for women.

METHODS
Endurance trained men (n=20, VO2max: 52.5±7.3 ml/kg/min, Body surface area (BSA): 1.63±0.77, Body fat %: 14.3±6.8, Lean mass %: 81.4±6.7) and women (n=18, VO2max: 46.7±5.3 ml/kg/min, BSA: 1.68±0.13, Body fat %: 26.1±6.3, Lean mass %: 69.6±6.1) ran in the heat (40°C, RH 20-40%) until their rectal temperature reached 39.5°C or above. Individuals were then immersed to the clavicle in a 2°C circulated water bath until rectal temperature lowered to 38.6°C. Rectal temperature was assessed throughout. Linear regression models were used to analyse immersion time.

RESULTS
Immersion time was not statistically different between men and women (mean difference [95% CI] = 68.4 sec [-48.9, 185.6]; p = 0.24) after adjusting for rectal temperature on immersion. The 90% confidence interval on the mean difference spanned from -30 sec to positive 2 min 45 sec, meaning that relatively large effects, favouring a longer immersion time for males, could not be ruled out, and therefore, the results are inconclusive. A model containing sex, immersion rectal temperature, and BSA explained the highest proportion of variance in immersion time (38%) compared to when lean mass (32%) or fat mass (34%) were included instead of BSA.

CONCLUSION
There was weak evidence that hyperthermic females cooled more rapidly than hyperthermic males during cold-water immersion (2°C); thus with further enquiry, females may require a shorter immersion time than males to reach the safety cooling limit. Future studies are needed to investigate the effect of BSA, lean and fat mass on cooling rate in heat stroke cases.
PERSPECTIVES OF PEOPLE WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE REGARDING DIGITAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS THAT PROMOTE A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE: QUALITATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Tran Mr Thai Binh , Ambrens Dr Meghan , Nguyễn Ms Jennifer , Coleman Ms Eve , Gilanyi Mr Yannick , Letton Meg , Pandit Mr Anurag , Lock Mr Logan , Thom Jeanette , Sen Shaundeep , Lambert Kelly , Arnold Ria 
Published: May 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a life-limiting condition that affects 1 in 10 adults and accounts for 12% of all deaths in Australia. Diet and physical activity are crucial to attenuate disease progression and reduce mortality risk. Digital health interventions have been proposed as a feasible model to deliver lifestyle interventions. Users’ perspectives are key to ensure the intervention is aligned with their needs and goals. As such, this systematic review aimed to synthesise the perspectives of people with CKD and develop higher order concepts that elucidate users’ preferences regarding digital health interventions that promote heathy lifestyle.
This was a qualitative systematic review. A database search was conducted on CENTRAL, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus between 2000-2023. Eligibility criteria included primary research that reported the preferences of adults with CKD regarding digital lifestyle interventions. Two independent reviewers completed title, abstract and full text screening. Quotes were extracted verbatim, coded and categorised. Categories were then used to generate themes.
Database search identified 5,761 records. One additional record was included following communication with a primary author. Fifteen papers were eligible, including 197 participants (age 51.0±7.2 years; 47% female). There were 83 people with CKD 1-5; 61 transplant recipients; and 53 people receiving maintenance dialysis. The overarching theme identified was that people with CKD considered digital interventions to be important platforms to access lifestyle interventions. There were five underlying themes that elucidated users’ preferences for digital interventions, including simple instruction and engaging design; individualised interventions; virtual communities of care; education and action plans; and timely reminders and automated behavioural monitoring.
Digital health interventions were considered important platforms to deliver lifestyle interventions. Future research may apply users’ preferences in this review to inform the development and conduct of a digital lifestyle intervention for people with CKD.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLES PROGRAM IN AN OUTPATIENT SETTING (HELPOUT)
Authors: Dowla Dr Rhiannon , Lintzeris Prof Nicholas , Burdess Mr Matthew , Mills Dr Llew , Murnion Assoc. Prof Bridin , Machan Dr Elizabeth , Mavros Dr Yorgi , Rooney Assoc. Prof Kieron 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS
Substance use disorder is a major public health concern and is associated with elevated rates of physical illnesses. It is known that exercise is safe in a substance use population, with engagement in exercise being reported to increase periods of abstinence, metabolic health, and physical capacity. There is little evidence exploring the willingness and capacity of a substance use patient to perform exercise. This study explores the physical activity habits and preferences of substance use patients, their capacity to perform exercise and the impact of acute exercise on psychological outcomes.

METHODS
Participants accessing opioid maintenance therapy were recruited from drug and alcohol clinics in metropolitan Sydney. 98 participants completed questionnaires assessing recent exercise and diet, quality of life, and anthropometry. Of these, 22 participants also completed fitness testing with changes in mood assessed acutely.

RESULTS
46% of participants reported planned physical activity however only 32% met ACSM guidelines. Higher levels of perceived physical health and quality of life had a notable positive association with volume of planned exercise completed. 95% of the cohort were interested in participating in an exercise program, with a lack of motivation and having an injury being the primary barriers to participation. 19.6% reported levels of extreme pain compared to 6.4% of the Australian population. Exercise capacity varied, with average performance in upper body endurance and hand grip strength assessments, but poor capacity in lower limb strength, balance and functional capacity. An acute bout of exercise lead to an increase in positive affect (p&lt;0.001) and a decrease in negative affect (p=0.011).

CONCLUSIONS
Exercise therapy has the potential to offer numerous benefits to patients seeking treatment for opioid use disorder, with planned physical activity correlation with improved physical and mental health outcomes. Clinical support from exercise physiologists is needed to assist in overcoming barriers to exercise and managing comorbid medical conditions.
FITNESS FOR RECOVERY- FEASABILITY AND IMPACT OF AN EXERCISE PROGRAM DURING RESIDENTIAL REHABILITATION
Authors: Dowla Dr Rhiannon , Stubley Mrs Carolyn , Hardy Miss Scarlett , Fraser Miss Phoebe , Murnion Assoc. Prof Bridin , Machan Dr Elizabeth , Mavros Dr Yorgi , Rooney Assoc. Prof Kieron 
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS
Opioid use disorder has the lowest quality of life (QOL) and highest disease burden of all substance use disorders (SUD). While opioid treatment does improve QOL, it remains below that of the general population. Previous reviews have indicated that exercise offers benefits for QOL, however the evidence in an opioid treatment population is lacking. This study investigates the feasibility and impact of a 10-week exercise intervention on QOL and mood in a residential rehabilitation program.

METHODS
Participants admitted to an opioid substitution program within the We Help Ourselves (WHOS) rehabilitation service in Sydney, NSW Australia were invited to participate in a 10-week exercise intervention. Participants completed baseline screening assessing QOL, mood, exercise habits, and a fitness assessment. Willing participants then completed a twice weekly program delivered as part of the group therapy program. Sessions typically consisted of bodyweight exercises such as squats and push ups, and boxing. Following the completion of the training program assessments were repeated. Within group pre-post measures for QOL and mood outcomes were analysed using two-way ANOVA. This clinical trial was registered with Australia New Zealand clinical trial registry (ACTRN12622000213741).

RESULTS
45 Participants completed baseline assessments with nine participants completing the intervention and follow up assessment. Significant improvements were seen in QOL (p=0.005), Psychological distress (p&lt;.001), and PCL-5 scores (p=.011). Participants performed well in grip strength, but below norms in all other exercise assessments. Exercise capacity improved following the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS
Exercise programs are both feasible and beneficial when run as part of SUD improving a range of QOL and mood outcomes. Exercise capacity was generally poor, however improved through the course of the study, often nearing population norms. Exercise should be integrated widely as an adjunct therapy for SUD.