bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure, magnetic and electrical transport properties of titanium-doped half-Heusler alloys Ni1−xTixMnSb
Authors: Rutkauskas A. V. , Kichanov S. E. , Vershinina T. N. , Rymski G. S. , Dang N. T. , Hoang T. P. , Tran T. A. , Phan N.-L. , Tien D. P. T. , Thinh P. D. , Khan D. T. 
Published: May 2024

[Formula: see text]TixMnSb polycrystalline alloys in the range [Formula: see text] were synthesized employing the standard solid-phase synthesis method. The crystal, magnetic, as well as electrical properties of the alloys were investigated using neutron powder diffraction and magneto-resistance measurements. The results reveal that the substitution of Ti for Ni within the temperature range of 2.5–300 K does not induce alterations in the crystal and magnetic structures of NiMnSb. The ordered Ni magnetic moment approaches zero. The study of the electrical transport properties of the [Formula: see text]TixMnSb alloys, where [Formula: see text], has demonstrated a half-metallic state at low temperatures and metallic conductivity for temperatures exceeding 160 K. A semiconductor state manifests at titanium concentrations of x = 0.2 and was observed at temperatures below 21 K. The obtained experimental results are elucidated through first-principles theoretical calculations.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell with an Inducible Caspase-9 Suicide Gene Eradicates Uveal Melanoma Liver Metastases via B7-H3 Targeting
Authors: Ventin Marco , Cattaneo Giulia , Arya Shahrzad , Jia Jingyu , Gelmi Maria C. , Sun Yi , Maggs Luke , Ksander Bruce R. , Verdijk Robert M. , Boland Genevieve M. , Jenkins Russell W. , Haq Rizwan , Jager Martine J. , Wang Xinhui , Ryeom Sandra , Ferrone Cristina R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor. Despite successful treatment of the primary tumor, about 50% of patients will recur with systemic diseases for which there are no effective treatment strategies. Here we investigated the preclinical efficacy of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell–based immunotherapy targeting B7-H3.

Experimental Design:
B7-H3 expression on primary and metastatic human UM samples and cell lines was assessed by RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Antitumor activity of CAR T cells targeting B7-H3 was tested in vitro with UM cell lines, patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids from patients with metastatic UM, and in immunodeficient and humanized murine models.

Results:
B7-H3 is expressed at high levels in &gt;95% UM tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. We generated a B7-H3 CAR with an inducible caspase-9 (iCas9) suicide gene controlled by the chemical inducer of dimerization AP1903, which effectively kills UM cells in vitro and eradicates UM liver metastases in murine models. Delivery of iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T cells in experimental models of UM liver metastases demonstrates a durable antitumor response, even upon tumor rechallenge or in the presence of a significant metastatic disease burden. We demonstrate effective iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T-cell elimination in vitro and in vivo in response to AP1903. Our studies demonstrate more effective tumor suppression with iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T cells as compared to a B7-H3-targeted humanized monoclonal antibody.

Conclusions:
These studies support a phase I clinical trial with iCas9.B7-H3 CAR T cells to treat patients with metastatic UM.
Sensitivity of Coastal Squall-Line Evolution to Numerical Sea-Breeze Initialization Method
Authors: Wu Fan , Lombardo Kelly 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study employs 3D idealized numerical experiments to investigate the physical processes associated with coastal convection initiation (CI) as an offshore-moving squall line traverses a mountainous coastal region. A squall line can propagate discretely as convection initiates over the lee slope downstream of the primary storm as the cold pool collides with a sea breeze. Intensity of the initiating convection, thus the downstream squall line, is sensitive to the sea-breeze numerical initialization method, since it influences sea-breeze and cold pool characteristics, instability and vertical wind shear in the sea-breeze environment, and ultimately the vertical acceleration of air parcels during CI. Here, sea breezes are generated through four commonly used numerical methods: a cold-block marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), a prescribed surface sensible heat flux function, a prescribed surface sensible plus latent heat flux functions, and radiation plus surface-layer parameterization schemes. For MABL-initialized sea breezes, shallow weak sea-breeze flow in a relatively low instability environment results in weak CI. For the remainder, deeper stronger sea-breeze flow in an environment of enhanced instability supports more robust CI. In a subset of experiments, however, the vertical trajectory of air parcels is suppressed leading to weaker convection. Downward acceleration forms due to the horizontal rotation of the sea-breeze flow. Accurate simulations of coastal convective storms rely on an accurate representation of sea breezes. For idealized experiments such as the present simulations, a combination of initialization methods likely produces a more realistic representation of sea breeze and the associated physical processes.
Scaling and Flow Structure of Langmuir Turbulence in Inertial Frames
Authors: Chang Yun , Scotti Alberto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper provides a framework that unifies the characteristics of Langmuir turbulence, including the vortex force effect, velocity scalings, vertical flow structure, and crosswind spacing between surface streaks. The widely accepted CL2 mechanism is extended to explain the observed maximum alongwind velocity and downwelling velocity below the surface. Balancing the extended mechanism in the Craik–Leibovich equations, the scalings for the alongwind velocity u, crosswind velocity υ, and vertical velocity w are formulated as Here, Uf is the friction velocity, Us is the Stokes drift on the surface, and La = (Uf/Us)1/2 is the Langmuir number. Simulations using the Stratified Ocean Model with Adaptive Refinement in large-eddy simulation (LES-SOMAR) mode validate the scalings and reveal physical similarity for velocity and crosswind spacing. The horizontally averaged velocity along the wind on the surface grows with time, whereas υ/V and w/W are confined. The root-mean-square (rms) of w peaks at wrms/W ≈ 0.85 at a depth of 1.3Zs, where Zs is the e-folding scale of the Stokes drift. The crosswind spacing Lp grows linearly with time but is finally limited by the depth of the water H, with maximum Lp/H = 3.3. This framework agrees with measurement collected in six different field campaigns.
Diagnostics for Imbalance on the Convective Scale
Authors: Diefenbach Theresa , Scheck Leonhard , Weissmann Martin , Craig George 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The analyses produced by a data assimilation system may be unbalanced, which is dynamically inconsistent with the forecasting model, leading to noisy forecasts and reduced skill. While there are effective procedures to reduce synoptic-scale imbalance, the situation on the convective scale is less clear because the flow on this scale is strongly divergent and nonhydrostatic. In this study, we compare three measures of imbalance relevant to convective-scale data assimilation: (i) surface pressure tendencies, (ii) vertical velocity variance in the vicinity of convective clouds, and (iii) departures from the vertical velocity prescribed by the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation. These are applied in a numerical weather prediction system, with three different data assimilation algorithms: 1) latent heat nudging (LHN), 2) local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), and 3) LETKF in combination with incremental analysis updates (IAUs). Results indicate that surface pressure tendency diagnoses a different type of imbalance than the vertical velocity variance and the WTG departure. The LETKF induces a spike in surface pressure tendencies, with a large-scale spatial pattern that is not clearly related to the precipitation pattern. This anomaly is notably reduced by the IAU. LHN does not generate a pronounced signal in the surface pressure but produces the most imbalance in the other two measures. The imbalances measured by the partitioned vertical velocity variance and WTG departures are similar and closely coupled to the convective precipitation. Between these two measures, the WTG departure has the advantage of being simpler and more economical to compute.
Musculoskeletal System and Gait Characteristics in Patients with Osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Graff Krzysztof , Kalinowska Małgorzata , Szczerbik Ewa , Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Syczewska Małgorzata 
Published: May 2024

Objectives The aim of the study was to assess the muscoloskeletal system and spatiotemporal gait parameters of patients in three types of osteogenesis imperfecta. Design study Retrospective observational study. Settings The Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Poland. Participants This study investigated individuals with various types of osteogenesis imperfecta: 33 with osteogenesis imperfecta I (aged 13.9), 16 with osteogenesis imperfecta III (aged 10.4), and 14 with osteogenesis imperfecta IV (aged, 15.8), as well as a reference group of 400 healthy individuals. Main measures The musculoskeletal assessment included: medical record review, clinical evaluation, functional tests, long bone deformity assessment via clinical and X-ray examination, and objective gait analysis with the Vicon Motion Systems (Ltd, Oxford, UK). Results The study revealed notable differences in clinical presentation, deformities within the musculoskeletal system, gait parameters across the various types of osteogenesis imperfecta (p < 0.001). The most affected gait parameters were: cadence, gait speed and step length. The greatest deformities of lower limbs and spine were presented in patients with osteogenesis imperfecta type III. Conclusions These findings are significant for understanding gait abnormalities in osteogenesis imperfecta patients and designing customized physiotherapy programs to help them participate fully in daily life. Improvement of muscle strength is one of the key for easier engagement in activities like walking or stair-climbing.
The 4AT, a rapid delirium detection tool for use in hospice inpatient units: Findings from a validation study
Authors: Arnold Elizabeth , Finucane Anne M , Taylor Stacey , Spiller Juliet A , O’Rourke Siobhan , Spenceley Julie , Carduff Emma , Tieges Zoë , MacLullich Alasdair MJ 
Published: May 2024

Background: Delirium is a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome with adverse outcomes, which is common but often undiagnosed in terminally ill people. The 4 ‘A’s test or 4AT ( www.the4AT.com ), a brief delirium detection tool, is widely used in general settings, but validation studies in terminally ill people are lacking. Aim: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the 4AT in detecting delirium in terminally ill people, who are hospice inpatients. Design: A diagnostic test accuracy study in which participants underwent the 4AT and a reference standard based on the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The reference standard was informed by Delirium Rating Scale Revised-98 and tests assessing arousal and attention. Assessments were conducted in random order by pairs of independent raters, blinded to the results of the other assessment. Setting/participants: Two hospice inpatient units in Scotland, UK. Participants were 148 hospice inpatients aged ⩾18 years. Results: A total of 137 participants completed both assessments. Three participants had an indeterminate reference standard diagnosis and were excluded, yielding a final sample of 134. Mean age was 70.3 (SD = 10.6) years. About 33% (44/134) had reference standard delirium. The 4AT had a sensitivity of 89% (95% CI 79%–98%) and a specificity of 94% (95% CI 90%–99%). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–1). Conclusion: The results of this validation study support use of the 4AT as a delirium detection tool in hospice inpatients, and add to the literature evaluating methods of delirium detection in palliative care settings. Trial registry: ISCRTN 97417474.
Using time diaries to inform occupational therapy practice for people with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: An exploratory study
Authors: Roxburgh Rachel , Hughes Julie , Milgate Wendy 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome affects an individual’s occupational participation. There is little understanding in Australia of occupational interventions for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. This study explored how Australian adults with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome use their time and whether the National Institute of Health Activity Record can inform occupational interventions. Method: Using a convergent mixed method, nine participants completed the National Institute of Health Activity Record time diary and five survey questions exploring clinical utility and the impact of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Data analysis included descriptive statistics for time-use data and an inductive thematic analysis for survey responses. Results/Findings: Participants (aged 29–59 years) reported 58% of their time was spent awake and in recreation and leisure occupations. Quantitative data reflected no statistically significant change in participants’ symptoms, performance and motivation throughout the day. Six themes emerged from the qualitative data that highlighted participants’ experiences completing the National Institute of Health Activity Record and the impact of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome on their time-use. Conclusion and Relevance: The National Institute of Health Activity Record provided insights into a participant’s time-use, which could inform occupational interventions. Modifying the National Institute of Health Activity Record format would improve usability for participants and reduce time for completion. Discussing results and extending the data collection period may capture the impact and fluctuations of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome more accurately.
Clinical Outcomes of Medial Meniscal Allograft Transplantation With or Without High Tibial Osteotomy: A Case-Control Study Up to 8 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Grassi Alberto , Lucidi Gian Andrea , Di Paolo Stefano , Altovino Emanuele , Agostinone Piero , Dal Fabbro Giacomo , Romandini Iacopo , Filardo Giuseppe , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: May 2024

Background: Satisfactory clinical results of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) have been reported in recent years. However, it remains unclear whether the clinical outcomes of MAT when combined with an osteotomy are inferior to those of isolated MAT. Purpose: To compare the survival rates and clinical outcomes of patients who received isolated medial MAT with those of patients undergoing medial MAT combined with high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 55 patients underwent arthroscopic medial MAT using the soft tissue technique and HTO (mean age, 41.3 ± 10.4 years; 9 female); after fuzzy case-control matching on demographics, 55 controls who underwent isolated medial MAT were also included. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method with surgical failure, clinical failure (Lysholm score, <65), and reoperation as endpoints. Subjective clinical scores were collected preoperatively and at the final follow-up. Results: The mean follow-up time was 5.4 years, up to 8 years. All outcomes significantly improved at the last follow-up ( P < .001). No differences were identified between MAT and MAT + HTO groups preoperatively and at the last follow-up ( P > .05). At the final follow-up, 8 of 55 (14.5%) of the MAT + HTO patients and 9 of 55 (16.4%) of the MAT patients had a Lysholm score <65 ( P = .885). Overall, 90% of the patients declared they would repeat the surgery regardless of the combined procedure. Surgical failure was identified in 6 of 110 (5.5%) patients: 5 of 55 (9.1%) in the MAT + HTO group and 1 of 55 (1.8%) in the MAT group ( P = .093). Clinical failure was identified in 19 of 110 (17.3%) patients: 11 of 55 (20%) in the MAT + HTO group and 8 of 55 (14.5%) in the MAT group ( P = .447). A significantly lower survivorship from surgical failure was identified in the MAT + HTO group (hazard ratio, 5.1; P = .049), while no differences in survivorship from reoperation and clinical failure were identified ( P > .05). Conclusion: Patients undergoing medial MAT + HTO showed similar clinical results to patients undergoing isolated medial MAT at midterm follow-up, and thus a surgically addressed malalignment does not represent a contraindication for medial MAT. However, the need for a concomitant HTO is associated with a slightly higher failure rate over time.
Effect of a Partial Superficial and Deep Medial Collateral Ligament Injury on Knee Joint Laxity
Authors: Beel Wouter , Doughty Callahan , Vivacqua Thiago , Getgood Alan , Willing Ryan 
Published: May 2024

Background: Injuries to the medial collateral ligament (MCL), specifically the deep MCL (dMCL) and superficial MCL (sMCL), are both reported to be factors in anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI); however, a partial sMCL (psMCL) injury is often present, the effect of which on AMRI is unknown. Purpose: To investigate the effect of a dMCL injury with or without a psMCL injury on knee joint laxity. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were tested using a 6 degrees of freedom robotic simulator. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was cut first and last in protocols 1 and 2, respectively. The dMCL was cut completely, followed by an intermediary psMCL injury state before the sMCL was completely sectioned. Tibiofemoral kinematics were measured at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion for the following measurements: 8 N·m of valgus rotation (VR), 4 N·m of external tibial rotation, 4 N·m of internal tibial rotation, and combined 89 N of anterior tibial translation and 4 N·m of external tibial rotation for both anteromedial rotation (AMR) and anteromedial translation. The differences between subsequent states, as well as differences with respect to the intact state, were analyzed. Results: In an ACL-intact or -deficient joint, a combined dMCL and psMCL injury increased external tibial rotation and VR compared with the intact state at all angles. A significant increase in AMR was seen in the ACL-intact knee after this combined injury. Cutting the dMCL alone showed lower mean increases in AMR compared with the psMCL injury, which were significant only when the ACL was intact in knee flexion. Moreover, cutting the dMCL had no effect on VR. The ACL was the most important structure in controlling anteromedial translation, followed by the psMCL or dMCL depending on the knee flexion angle. Conclusion: A dMCL injury alone may produce a small increase in AMRI but not in VR. A combined dMCL and psMCL injury caused an increase in AMRI and VR. Clinical Relevance: In clinical practice, if an increase in AMRI at 30° and 90° of knee flexion is seen together with some increase in VR, a combined dMCL and psMCL injury should be suspected.
Effect of holmium oxide nanoparticle on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites
Authors: Wang Bo , Liu Xinjing , Chang Yunfei , Luo Zhuowen , Jiang Yuhang , Fang Yingjin , Liu Jiaan , Han Zhiwu 
Published: May 2024

In this study, holmium oxide/epoxy resin (Ho2O3/EP) nanocomposites were prepared by using different additions of Ho2O3 nanoparticles as nanofiller. The surface-modification treatment of Ho2O3 was applied with a silane coupling agent (SCA) to improve the interfacial combination between Ho2O3 and EP. The effect of SCA treatment on the chemical structure of Ho2O3 was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of Ho2O3 nanoparticle and SCA treatment on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were studied. The fracture morphology of the EP nanocomposites was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the failure mechanism of the EP nanocomposites with Ho2O3 nanoparticle. The experimental results show the tensile and flexural strengths of the nanocomposites are improved when Ho2O3 content is 1 wt. %. The tensile and flexural strengths were increased to 73.42 MPa and 130.85 MPa, respectively. But on further increase in Ho2O3 content of 1.5 wt. %, the tensile and flexural strengths were reduced. The SCA treatment could increase the interfacial bonding by containing C-H and Si-O functional groups, promoting the tensile properties, flexural properties, impact toughness, and fracture properties of the nanocomposites.
Pharmacotherapy of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder in Premenopausal Women
Authors: Barakeh Donna , Mdaihly Hadil , Karaoui Lamis R. 
Published: May 2024

Objective: This review aims to provide an overview of pharmacologic management for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women, with a focus on available agents. Data sources: Through a literature search on PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov from 1999 to 2024, studies were selected using the following MeSH search terms: hypoactive sexual desire disorder, premenopause, pharmacologic management, flibanserin, bremelanotide, buspirone, bupropion, and testosterone, excluding those involving postmenopausal women or other sexual disorders. Product monographs were also reviewed. Study selection and data extraction: Relevant English-language studies or those conducted in humans were considered. Data synthesis: Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, characterized by a lack of motivation for sexual activity, predominantly affects women aged 45 years and older. Treatment involves a multimodal approach, including nonpharmacologic interventions such as psychotherapy and lifestyle adjustments, alongside pharmacologic options. Although bupropion and buspirone may be considered off-label treatments, flibanserin and bremelanotide are the sole medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for generalized acquired HSDD in premenopausal women. However, caution is advised due to their limited efficacy, potential adverse effects, and transparency issues in reporting. Relevance to patient care and clinical practice: Hypoactive sexual desire disorder, while not life-threatening, significantly impacts well-being and relationships. Pharmacotherapy, including options like flibanserin and bremelanotide, is essential within a multidisciplinary approach. Validated tools and objective measures inform tailored premenopausal HSDD care plans and aid in striking a balance between potential risks and adverse effects while maximizing meaningful clinical benefits, including for transgender individuals. Conclusions: Clinicians must discern important distinctions between flibanserin, bremelanotide, and other agents when managing premenopausal HSDD. Further research with the most suitable clinical endpoints and consideration of patient factors are crucial before widespread adoption of flibanserin and bremelanotide. Pharmacists are encouraged to embrace this opportunity to provide premenopausal HSDD care in ambulatory and community practice settings.