bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collision-related metamorphic complexes of the Yenisei Ridge: their evolution, ages, and exhumation rate
Authors: Likhanov I.I. , Reverdatto V.V. , Kozlov P.S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
In the Transangarian part of the Yenisei Ridge, rocks near the thrusts in area of the Tatarka deep fault underwent the medium-pressure kyanite-sillimanite grade metamorphism, which resulted locally in the progressive replacement of andalusite by kyanite, the development of new mineral assemblages and deformation structures. A number of features special to kyanite-sillimanite grade metamorphism, such as a relatively small measured thickness of the medium-pressure zones (from 2.5 to 7 km) and a gradual increase in pressure towards the thrust faults from 4.5–5 kbar to 6.5–8 kbar with slightly increasing temperature, suggest a low metamorphic field gradient with dT/dH ranging from 7 to 12 °C/km. These specific features are typical of collisional metamorphism during overthrusting of continental blocks and suggest a near-isothermal loading in accordance with the transient emplacement of thrust sheets and subsequent rapid exhumation and erosion. Based on geothermobarometry and 40Ar-39Ar mica ages, the proposed model suggests that, given an estimated exhumation rate of 0.368 mm/yr for a number of areas, the peaks of collision-related metamorphism occurred at 849–862 and 798–802 Ma. The older metamorphic complexes (Angara, Mayakon, Teya, and Chapa areas) are interpreted to have formed by thrusting of Siberian cratonal blocks onto the Yenisei Ridge, as indicated by geophysical observations and regional provenance studies. A later phase of the repeated collisional metamorphism appears to have been associated with reverse motion of some smaller blocks along higher-order splay faults in the eastward direction (Garevka area). On a regional scale, this may result from collision and accretion of a microcontinent split off the craton at the Early–Middle Riphean boundary onto the Central Angara terrane.
Seismostratigraphic characteristics, tectonic evolution, and petroleum potential of the northwestern part of the Kaimysovy petroliferous region
Authors: Kontorovich D.V. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Structural and isopach maps of seismogeologic megacomplexes were constructed on the basis of an integrated interpretation of seismic prospecting, GIS, and deep drilling data. The tectonic evolution of the northwestern part of the Kaimysovy arch and adjacent areas of the Yugan megadepression in the Mesozoic–Cenozoic was analyzed, and the main stages of formation of structures of different orders were established. An analysis of geological and geophysical data shows that the Larlomkiny and Pervomaiskoe–Vesennii swells have radically different formation histories despite their similar modern tectonic structure.
The results of the investigations suggest that most of the local uplifts in the Bazhenovka Formation, in particular, the Larlomkiny structure bearing an Upper Jurassic oil pool, formed in the Neocomian due to the inherited growth of erosional-tectonic salients (ETS) of the pre-Jurassic basement, and then developed only slightly. The large tectonic structures of the first order—the Kaimysovy arch and the Yugan megadepression and the Pervomaiskoe–Vesennii swell—a big trap associated with one of the largest oil fields of southeastern West Siberia, completed their formation in the Cenozoic.
The phase composition of crystal-fluid nanoinclusions in alluvial diamonds in the northeastern Siberian Platform
Authors: Logvinova A.M. , Wirth R. , Tomilenko A.A. , Afanas’ev V.P. , Sobolev N.V. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The phase composition of crystal-fluid nanoinclusions in two types of placer diamonds of unknown genesis from the northeastern Siberian Platform (Ebelyakh diamondiferous region) has been first studied by transmission electron microscopy including electron diffraction, analytical electron microscopy (AEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and chromatography. The type I diamonds are transparent dodecahedroids, and the type II ones, widespread in this region, are dark rounded crystals assigned to variety V according to Orlov’s mineralogical classification. Isotopic and IR-Fourie spectroscopic studies showed that the type II diamonds have a strongly light carbon isotope composition (δ13Cav = –22.4‰) and high concentrations of nitrogen admixture (1100–1800 ppm). Nitrogen is present mainly as an aggregate. It is shown that all inclusions no larger than 400 nm are polyphase particles consisting of solid (silicate, oxide, carbonate, salt) and fluid phases. The type I diamonds bear high-Mg carbonatite inclusions (up to 100 nm) consisting of magnesite, dolomite, Fe-spinel, and clinohumite. The fluid phase has high concentrations of K, Cl, and O. The inclusions are similar in composition to the near-solidus melts of saturated carbonatized peridotites; thus, they might have resulted either from the crystallization of the parental melt or from the quenching and crystallization of deep-seated carbonate-silicate melt. The type II diamonds bear low-Mg carbonatite polyphase nanoinclusions consisting of Ba-, Sr-, and Ca,Fe-carbonatites, K,Ba-phosphates, Ti,Si- and Ti,Al-phases, and abundant fluid segregations filled mainly with CO2, N, and hydrocarbons. These melts/solutions might have been supplied from subducted rocks of the oceanic and, partly, continental Earth’s crust. The enrichment of these inclusions in incompatible elements might evidence the percolation of salt fluids enriched in Ba, Sr, P, Ti, K, and Cl through carbonatized eclogites.
Fibrous diamonds from the placers of the northeastern Siberian Platform: carbonate and silicate crystallization media
Authors: Zedgenizov D.A. , Ragozin A.L. , Shatsky V.S. , Araujo D. , Griffin W.L. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The first data are presented on the compositions of microinclusions in fibrous diamonds from the Ebelyakh placers, northeastern Siberian Platform. Their fluid/melt microinclusions are of silicate or carbonate compositions. In general, the trace element patterns for the microinclusions correspond to kimberlites and carbonatites. The major-element composition differs significantly; for example, the microinclusions are considerably enriched in K and Na. In two of the studied diamonds, the microinclusion compositions differ considerably in the cores and rims. In one of them, the composition of the medium changes from chloride–carbonate to predominantly carbonate (sample HI-90); in the other one, from carbonate to silicate (sample HI-98). Similar carbon isotope characteristics of diamonds with microinclusions of two contrasting media might suggest their crystallization from a mantle reservoir with the same carbon isotope characteristics. The geochemical features of the microinclusions in the placer diamonds revealed their relationship with protokimberlitic carbonate–silicate fluids. Such fluids might result from the metasomatic interaction of volatiles and/or the low-degree partial melting of peridotite and eclogite substrates.
Genesis of scapolite from granulites (lower-crustal xenoliths from the Pamir diatremes): results of study of melt inclusions
Authors: Madyukov I.A. , Chupin V.P. , Kuzmin D.V. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The results of mineralogical and thermobarogeochemical studies of lower-crustal xenolith of scapolite-bearing granulites from the fergusite-porphyry diatremes pipes in Southeastern Pamir (Tajikistan) are presented. All minerals (including garnet, clinopyroxene, and scapolite) of these granulites contain primary melt inclusions, which were studied using thermometric and microprobe methods (EPMA, SIMS, Raman spectroscopy). We have established that their compositions correspond to acid (from rhyodacites to rhyolites), essentially potassic melts of normal and high alkalinity with H2O ≤ 4 wt.%, Cl ≤ 0.8 wt.%, and CO2 ~ 1 wt.%. The melts are depleted in HREE and have high Th/U ratios (7.7–9.4). Study of melt inclusions using mineralogical thermobarometers showed that the scapolite-bearing granulite crystallized at ~1000 °C and ~15 kbar. This rock resulted, most likely, from the incongruent melting of carbonate-bearing biotite-quartz-plagioclase substrate in the lower crust, which was accompanied by the crystallization of garnet, clinopyroxene, sphene, plagioclase, and scapolite trapping microportions of acid melts as inclusions. The minerals crystallized not from melt but in its presence. High-Ca scapolite (Me67–69) crystallized instead of plagioclase when the melts reached high contents of CO2 (~1 wt.%) and Cl (≤ 0.8 wt.%) in the presence of CO2-rich fluid.
Rhönite in alkali basalts: silicate melt inclusions in olivine phenocrysts
Authors: Sharygin V.V. , Kóthay K. , Szabó Cs. , Timina T.Ju. , Török K. , Vapnik Ye. , Kuzmin D.V. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Silicate melt inclusions containing rhönite Ca2(Mg,Fe2+)4Fe3+Ti[Al3Si3O20] were studied in olivine phenocrysts from alkali basalts of six different volcanic regions: Udokan Plateau, North Minusa Depression, Tsagan-Khurtei Ridge (Russia), Bakony-Balaton Highland, Nógrád-Gömör Region (Hungary) and Makhtesh Ramon (Israel). Rhönite-bearing silicate melt inclusions are relatively common phenomena in alkali basalts and usually coexist with inclusions containing no rhönite. Inclusions with rhönite generally occur in the core of the olivine phenocrysts. According to heating experiments and CO2 microthermometry, all the rhönite-bearing inclusions in core of the olivine phenocrysts were trapped as silicate melt at T &gt; 1300 °C and P &gt; 3–5 kbar. Rhönite crystallized in a narrow temperature range (1180–1260 °C) and P &lt; 0.5 kbar. The petrography and thermometry of rhönite-bearing silicate melt inclusions show a general crystallization sequence: Al-spinel → rhönite → clinopyroxene → apatite → ± amphibole, Fe-Ti oxide (ilmenite or Ti-magnetite) → glass.
Majority of rhönites from melt inclusions have Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) &gt; 0.5 and belong to Mg-rich species Ca2Mg4Fe3+Ti[Al3Si3O20]. There are no essential differences in chemistry among rhönites from olivine-hosted silicate melt inclusions from phenocryst, from groundmass of alkali basalts, from alteration products of kaersutitic amphibole mega/xenocrysts and of kaersutite in deep-seated xenoliths in alkali basalts. The rare occurrence of rhönite as essential constituent in rocks may be explained from its microstructural peculiarities. This mineral is an intermediate member of the polysomatic spinel-pyroxene series. Possibly, the structural feature of rhönite does explain why it is an unstable mineral in under changing crystallization conditions. In general, the presence and chemistry of rhönite may be used for rough estimation of temperature, pressure and oxygen fugacity during crystallization of alkali basalts.
Rhyolitic melts in eastern Transbaikalia and the North Caucasus: chemical composition, volatiles, and admixture elements (from data of study of melt inclusions in minerals)
Authors: Naumov V.B. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
We studied melt inclusions in quartz phenocrysts from Late Jurassic rhyolites in eastern Transbaikalia (Strel’tsovka caldera) and in quartz, apatite, and plagioclase phenocrysts from rhyolites in the North Caucasus (North Ossetia and Tyrnyauz region). More than 15 uranium deposits and ore occurrences are known in the Strel’tsovka caldera, as well as Pb-Zn deposits in North Ossetia and the largest Mo-W deposit in the Tyrnyauz region. For the studies we used the inclusion homogenization methods and performed electron and ion microprobe analyses of glasses from more than 30 inclusions. The temperatures of the total homogenization of melt inclusions are shown to depend directly on the initial melting points of their glasses, which might be due to the different contents of volatiles (first of all, water). The experiments on determining the time required for the homogenization and heterogenization of melt inclusions showed that the melts in the inclusions are of different viscosity and homogenize at different temperatures. The rhyolitic melts from eastern Transbaikalia and the North Caucasus have similar contents of rock-forming elements (average, wt.%): 75.0 and 74.6 SiO2, 0.08 and 0.05 TiO2, 11.0 and 12.3 Al2O3, 0.74 and 0.40 FeO, 0.04 and 0.05 MgO, 0.29 and 0.64 CaO, 4.09 and 3.79 Na2O, and 4.30 and 4.24 K2O, respectively. But these melts differ significantly in the contents of Cl (on average, 0.20 and 0.08 wt.%, respectively), F (1.07 and 0.09 wt.%), and some admixture elements. The melts from the first region are much richer in Zr, Nb, La, Ce, Th, and U but poorer in Sr, Ba, and Eu than the melts from the second region, which evidences their deeper differentiation. The revealed high contents of Th and U in the melts from the Strel’tsovka caldera agree with the literature data of the French geologists on the same caldera.
Heterogeneity in fluid characteristics in the Ramagiri–Penakacherla sector of the Eastern Dharwar Craton: implications to gold metallogeny
Authors: Bhattacharya S. , Panigrahi M.K. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The auriferous Penakacherla–Ramagiri schist belt is a part of the granite-greenstone terrain of the Eastern Dharwar Craton. It is surrounded by gneissose basement and has a close spatial association with the younger granitoid units. Fluid inclusion assemblages studied from quartz veins in schists, quartz veins in granites and matrix quartz in granite indicate heterogeneity in fluid characteristics with methane-poor aqueous-carbonic, methane-rich carbonic, low salinity aqueous and high salinity aqueous fluids. Coexisting aqueous and carbonic inclusions do not seem to be the product of phase separation of a parent aqueous-carbonic fluid on all instances. This is corroborated by the fact that the pure carbonic fluid is richer in methane than the carbonic component of the aqueous-carbonic inclusions. This warrants a separate source of carbonic fluid during deposition of the gold-quartz ± sulfide veins. A high salinity component in the fluid in the schist belt is unlikely to be contributed by metamorphism of the host volcanic units rather it is comparable to the high salinity fluid present in the closely associated granites. Thus it may be surmised that the heterogeneous fluid characteristics in the auriferous Penakacherla–Ramagiri schist belt raises the possibility of fluid derivation from diverse sources, including the granitoids, rather than from a single metamorphogenic source.
Formation conditions and composition of ore-forming fluids in the Promezhutochnoe gold and silver deposit (Central Chukchi Peninsula, Russia)
Authors: Volkov A.V. , Prokof’ev V.Yu. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Promezhutochnoe and Sil’noe epithermal gold and silver deposits and ore bodies of eastern areas of the Sopka Rudnaya deposit have been discovered in the Maiskoe ore cluster, central Chukchi Peninsula, in terrigenous flysch strata of the basements of the Okhotsk–Chukchi volcanic belt. Fluid inclusions in quartz from gold ore veins of Promezhutochnoe have been studied. Similar deposits and occurrences have been found in the terrigenous-sedimentary framing of some intrusion domes in tectonomagmatic zones in the Upper Yana–Kolyma fold belt. Terrigenous strata of similar compositions host the Vysokovol’tnoe and Kosmanychi gold and silver deposits in central Kyzyl Kum and the Balei and Taseevka deposits in Transbaikalia. The richest Hishikari deposit (250 tons of gold, the mean content 60 g/t) in Japan also occurs in terrigenous strata of the basement beneath a volcanic rock cover. However, deposits other than Hishikari, Balei, or Taseevka are small. The causes of this fact are discussed in the context of the geologic structure, chemical composition, and ore formation conditions in the Promezhutochnoe deposit. The main physicochemical parameters of the formation of the ores in this deposit are: temperature 247–194 °C, pressure 270–30 bar, salt concentration 4.3–2.9 wt.% NaCl equiv. The composition of the ore-forming fluids has been studied by gas chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
The Gerfed gold deposit: fluids and PT-conditions for quartz vein formation (Yenisei Ridge, Russia)
Authors: Gibsher N.A. , Tomilenko A.A. , Sazonov A.M. , Ryabukha M.A. , Timkina A.L. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
At the Gerfed gold deposit, fluid inclusions were studied by thermobarometry, gas chromatography, Raman spectroscopy, and ICP MS in quartz samples of three types: quartzites, Au-poor (&lt;1–2 ppm) feathering veins, and Au-rich (&gt;2.8–10 ppm) feathering veins. It has been found that these three types were produced from fluids differing in composition and thermobarogeochemical parameters. The quartzites formed from low-salinity (&lt;7.0 wt.% NaCl equiv) homogeneous fluids of essentially aqueous–chloride composition at 120–230 °C and 0.1–0.5 kbar. The gas phase in these fluids comprises H2O, CO2, CH4, and N2, with CO2/(CO2 + H2O) = 0.04–0.15 and CO2/CH4 = 2.2–3.8. The Au-poor feathering veins formed from homogeneous and heterogeneous fluids at 150–300 °C and 0.5–2.0 kbar. The salinity of the fluids increased to 10 wt.% NaCl equiv. The gas phase in them comprises H2O, CO2, N2, and CH4. Here, CO2/(CO2 + H2O) = 0.09–0.17 and CO2/CH4 = 2.2–2.3. The Au-rich feathering veins formed from heterogeneous and more saline (6.0–23.3 wt.% NaCl equiv) CO2–H2O fluids at higher temperatures (150–400 °C) and pressures (1.1–2.5 kbar). In this fluid CO2/(CO2 + H2O) = 0.18–0.27 and CO2/CH4 = 4.1–20.8. All three quartz types show negative Eu anomalies and a distinct predominance of LREE over HREE. Differently directed trends of REE and Eu/Sm in the quartzites and feathering veins suggest that the fluids were produced from different sources. The fluids of the gold-bearing quartz veins are enriched in K, Li, and Rb, and those of the Au-poor feathering veins, in Sr and Na. The quartzites have low Rb and Sr and similar Na and K contents. Areas with a high and bonanza gold content in feathering-vein stockworks formed when high-temperature saline H2O–CO2 fluids were superposed on the Au-poor quartzites and feathering veins.
Ongonite–elvan magmas of the Kalguty ore-magmatic system (Gorny Altai): composition, fluid regime, and genesis
Authors: Sokolova E.N. , Smirnov S.Z. , Astrelina E.I. , Annikova I.Yu. , Vladimirov A.G. , Kotler P.D. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Kalguty ore-magmatic system (OMS) is a complex combination of a granite pluton, a hydrothermal Mo–W deposit, pegmatites, greisens, and a belt of rare-metal (RM) and ultra-rare-metal (URM) elvan and ongonite dikes.
Studies of melt inclusions (MI) in quartz phenocrysts in the dike rocks have demonstrated that quenched glass has major element contents close to those of the dike rocks but rare elements (Li, Rb, Be, Cs) and P contents. This suggests that the MI represent magma at the stage preceding the dike emplacement. The MI in quartz from the URM rocks are poorer in Si, Fe, Mg, and REE than those in quartz from the RM rocks but richer in Cs, Rb, Nb, and Ta, like the URM rocks themselves. This indicates that the melts had segregated into RM and URM ones before the studied quartz phenocrysts began to crystallize. The composition of MI glass corresponds to “the albite trend” of differentiation, suggesting that the initial melt compositions were ongonitic, while their K enrichment and formation of elvan magma followed the crystallization of the quartz phenocrysts.
According to our estimates, the melt contained 6–7 wt.% H2O. The quartz phenocrysts crystallized in a heterogeneous medium consisting of a silicate melt and an aqueous fluid. The latter was a high-density supercritical fluid with 3–12 wt.% NaCl equiv. Variations in the gas and salt compositions of the fluid inclusions (FI) are attributed to the interaction between fluids of magmatic and hydrothermal systems. This possibility is confirmed by ample evidence of their coeval formation.
Quartz crystallization from the RM melts took place at 630–650 °C, whereas quartz from the URM melts formed at 20–30 °C lower temperatures. Quartz phenocrysts crystallized at 4.5–5.5 kbar. Additional estimates with regard to the mineral composition and quartz compressibility yielded values of 3–6.5 kbar.
A petrogenetic model of some crystallization stages of the dike rocks within the Kalguty OMS was constructed on the basis of the results obtained in this study. The melts which formed the dikes of the East Kalguty belt are derivatives of the same magma which formed the major-stage granite pluton. Quartz is present as intratelluric phenocrysts, which crystallized at considerably greater depths than those of the dike emplacement. Differentiation of the parental magma was accompanied by rare element and P accumulation. The compositions of the FI and MI confirm that the magma and hydrothermal system of the Kalguty OMS exchanged their substances. It is associated with the increasing K content of the melts and the subsequent elvan crystallization as well as considerable variations in the salt and gas compositions of the magmatic fluid inclusions.
A robust clustering algorithm for identifying problematic samples in genome-wide association studies
Authors: Bellenguez Céline , Strange Amy , Freeman Colin ,   Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium †, Donnelly Peter , Spencer Chris C.A. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Summary: High-throughput genotyping arrays provide an efficient way to survey single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome in large numbers of individuals. Downstream analysis of the data, for example in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), often involves statistical models of genotype frequencies across individuals. The complexities of the sample collection process and the potential for errors in the experimental assay can lead to biases and artefacts in an individual's inferred genotypes. Rather than attempting to model these complications, it has become a standard practice to remove individuals whose genome-wide data differ from the sample at large. Here we describe a simple, but robust, statistical algorithm to identify samples with atypical summaries of genome-wide variation. Its use as a semi-automated quality control tool is demonstrated using several summary statistics, selected to identify different potential problems, and it is applied to two different genotyping platforms and sample collections.
Availability: The algorithm is written in R and is freely available at www.well.ox.ac.uk/chris-spencer
Contact: chris.spencer@well.ox.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Detecting differential binding of transcription factors with ChIP-seq
Authors: Liang Kun , Keleş Sündüz 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Summary: Increasing number of ChIP-seq experiments are investigating transcription factor binding under multiple experimental conditions, for example, various treatment conditions, several distinct time points and different treatment dosage levels. Hence, identifying differential binding sites across multiple conditions is of practical importance in biological and medical research. To this end, we have developed a powerful and flexible program, called DBChIP, to detect differentially bound sharp binding sites across multiple conditions, with or without matching control samples. By assigning uncertainty measure to the putative differential binding sites, DBChIP facilitates downstream analysis. DBChIP is implemented in R programming language and can work with a wide range of sequencing file formats.
Availability: R package DBChIP is available at http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~kliang/DBChIP/
Contact: kliang@stat.wisc.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.