bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental disorder- influence on education and professional abilities
Authors: Nikolic-Balkoski G. , Duisin D. , Batinic B. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMental illness has great influence on the possibility of regular education, employment, sometimes cause temporarily or definitive work disability.ObjectivesCurrent diagnostic criteria divide mental illness in two categories: psychotic disorders which consider more severe and nonpsychotic disorders as less severe disorders. Aims: The aim of this pilot study was to test the influence of quality of the mental disorder (psychotic/ nonpsychotic) on education completion and professional abilities.MethodsInvestigation involves 141 patients who were treated in two months period at CCS at the Psychiatric Clinic. Patients were divided in two groups according to ICD X criteria: group A- psychotic, group B- nonpsychotic disorders. Groups were equalized in sex and age. We compared groups in educational level (years of completed school), profession (employed, unemployed, retired, disability pension) and the age when the mental illness has begun.Λ square test was used for the statistical analyses.ResultsResults showed that there were no statistical significant differences between groups in educational and professional performance. Groups differ only in the time of illness onset (earlier in group A).ConclusionsA group, in spite of earlier onset of the illness and more severe simptomatology, is equally successful in education and professional performance, as B group. This may be the consequence of the great support of the family and the society. It also gives us hope that something is changing in relation to psychiatric patients and that stigma, shame and exclusion is not, or will not be everyday experience this group of patients.
Vancouver's inner-city youth: New approaches for a changing demographic
Authors: Patel M. , Mathias S. , Brown T. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionInner-city youth suffer a high burden of mental illness and seek health care on an episodic basis (McCreary, 2001).These youth tend to receive limited support services due to a lack of continuity of care as they move from child to adult services. Other barriers include homelessness and substance use.The Vancouver Inner City Youth Mental Health Program (ICYMHP) is a psychiatry led initiative to provide psychiatric services and further collaboration between inner-city youth agencies providing care to at risk youth.AimsTo introduce and review a collaborative model of care between psychiatric services and community based organizations.To review the demographics, presentations and outcomes of youth assessed through the ICYMHP.MethodsA chart review of all clients assessed through the program from its inception (November 2007) to May 2009 (18 months).ResultsResults from clients seen between November 2007 and June 2008 indicate an incidence of psychosis of 40% in men and 21% in women. Mood disorders were the primary diagnosis in 18% of men and 29% of women. Active substance misuse is high (71% of men, cannabis as drug of choice; 54% of women, methamphetamine as drug of choice). Length of stay at Covenant House nearly tripled for those under the care of the ICYMH versus the general shelter population, a positive outcome (21 days versus 9).ConclusionsInner-city homeless youth suffer from a high burden of mental illness. A collaborative model of care exists to improve health care quality and delivery to this population.
Movies and mental illness stigma - A European cinematic perspective
Authors: Pavlovic R.Y. , Pavlovic A.M. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionMental illness remains highly stigmatized in society. Cinematography is a potent source of psychiatric images. Research has concentrated on mental illness portrayals in Hollywood; neglecting European cinematic perspectives.Objectives, aims, methodologyWe systematically examined European cinematic depictions of psychiatric illness and treatment. Award-winning European films were screened for psychiatric content using the International Movie Database. Two assessors independently viewed shortlisted films and compared findings. Stigma markers were derived from Link. Attributes, affective responses, attitudes and behaviours towards designated mentally-ill characters were identified through content and dramatic character analysis.Results40 films between 1964 and 2009 were identified. Psychopathologies included schizophrenia, delusional disorder, epileptiform psychosis, depression, somnambulism, learning difficulties, autism, sado-masochism and transsexualism. Frequent attributions were ‘odd’, ‘inappropriate’, ‘dangerous’, ‘unstable’, ‘frightening’ or ‘perverted’. Core affective responses comprised a cluster of ‘shame’, ‘pity’, ‘disgust’ and ‘fear’. Attitudes and corresponding behaviours occurred on a spectrum of ‘benevolent’, ‘ambivalent’, ‘distant’ and ‘hostile’. Stigmatisation of psychiatric treatment included portraying home treatment within traditional societies as misguided; institutional confinement as common; and medication as dominating daily routine. Religious dimensions to psychiatric illness and care were depicted positively and negatively. Anti-stigma themes included redemptive sacrifice or artistic genius in madness; madness as a natural manifestation of industrial alienation; and madness as unjust political labelling. Stigmatising reactions were depicted as cruel; even driving sufferers to gain sympathy through faking suicide. Psychiatrists were often characterized as empathic. One film charted humane Italian psychiatric reforms.ConclusionEuropean cinematic psychiatric perspectives are complex; both propagating and deconstructing stigmatising stereotypes.
Human rights in mental health: Changing attitudes through raising awareness
Authors: Poštuvan V. , Constantinescu P.-M. , Jilek V. , Digil A. , Radusinovic D. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionIndividuals with mental health problems, especially those hospitalized in mental health institutions, are particularly vulnerable to violations of their Human Rights. There are a number of special laws and regulations in different European countries and on the international level regarding the rights of people with mental health problems, however there are many instances in which their rights continue to be violated. In order to respect their Human Rights, it is necessary to study and to address the negative attitudes that the general (or even professional) public may hold toward the people with such problems.AimsThis research aims to reveal and compare the attitudes toward mentally ill people in different countries (Romania, Czech Republic, Nigeria and Serbia). Also, within the project we will develop a workshop to address these attitudes.MethodsThe Opinion about Mental Illness Scale (OMI) for measuring attitudes was used. We used the pre-post study design to evaluate changes of attitudes because of the involvement in the intervention workshop. Students in the area of psychology, medicine or similar or general public took place in 90-minutes workshop, which was developed from the stories of people suffering from mental illnesses (e.g. schizophrenia), and their family perceptions and attitudes.Results and conclusionsThe pilot study showed a great acceptance of this kind of interventions among students. Besides, the structure of the workshop, the response of the audience, participation rate and first results of the evaluation will be presented.
Cross sectional study of psychiatric comorbidities among adolescents with obsessive compulsive symptoms
Authors: Rady A. , Salama H. , Hamza M. , Ketat A. 
Published: May 2011

BackgroundObsessive symptoms among children and adolescent age groups are increasing, an observation made by mental health professions working with this age group. Our epidemiological study is targeting secondary school students to estimate the prevalence of obsessive symptoms, obsessive compulsive disorder and to evaluate psychiatric comorbidities among students with obsessive compulsive symptoms.Materials and methodsThe study is a cross sectional carried on 1299 secondary school students, the sample size was chosen based on an estimated OCD prevalence of 2% in literature. Equal samples were recruited from the 3 educative zones in Alexandria Governorate. Obsessive compulsive symptoms were assessed by the Arabic version of Lyeton obsessive inventory child version LOI-CV. Students scoring above 35 were subjected to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children MINI-KID Arabic version to assess psychiatric comorbidities. OCD patient students detected by MINI-KID were assessed by psychiatric interview to confirm fulfilling criteria of OCD according to DSM IV - TR criteria.ResultsThe sample was equally distributed according to gender with 51.7% and 48.3% of males and females respectively. The prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms was 15.5%, while that of obsessive compulsive disorder was 2.2%. Comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders was high for substance abuse 18.9%, Dysthymia 16.4%, social phobia 15.9%, Major depression 13.9%, Generalized anxiety disorder 12.9%.ConclusionThe prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms is high among adolescent age group, there is high Comorbidity between obsessive symptoms and psychiatric disorders particularly substance abuse, mood disorders and non OCD Anxiety spectrum disorders.
Prevalence of cognitive impairment in Brazilian frailty elderly
Authors: Ferreira A.S. , Raposo N.R.B. , Barbosa E.M.S. , Gattaz W.F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionAccelerate aging is a worldwide problem. In underdeveloped countries, it is occurring without adequate planning and is attributed due to falling mortality and fertility, which contributed to increase life expectancy. However, aging was not accompanied by improvement in living conditions and health assistance. Poor sanitation and diet, low incomes and education levels contributed to increasing the prevalence of chronic diseases in elderly.ObjectivesData obtained in other countries could not represent the national population; objective was to describe a Brazilian frailty elderly sample.AimsDetermine cognitive impairment prevalence in Brazilian frailty elderly.Methods1952 frailty elderly were analyzed. Social data, tobacco and alcohol consumption were verified and mini-mental state examination was applied from February to August in 2010.ResultsFemale elderly was predominant (68.8%). They were almost married (47.5%), followed by widow (37%), single (8.1%), divorced (7.4%). White people were predominant (69.2%); black (14.6%) and brown (16.2%) were presented at the same proportion. 823 frailty elderly (64.9%) studied until 4 years; 7.7% studied between 4–8 years; 1.9% went to college and 25.6% were illiterate. Only 10.6% were smokers and 2.8% drank alcohol. The majority (79.4%) were younger than 80 years-old. Cognitive impairment prevalence were 17.2% in illiterate; 15.2% in elderly who studied until 4 years and lower, 5.3%, in the group who studied between 4–8 years.ConclusionsThe prevalence of cognitive impairment was dependent on years of study and we presented data obtained in a Brazilian sample. These data can be used to compare cognitive impairment in different countries.
Social-economic profile of a Brazilian frailty elderly sample
Authors: Ferreira A.S. , Barbosa E.M.S. , Raposo N.R.B. , Gattaz W.F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionFrailty elderly is defined as the person older than 80 years old or between 60–80 years old and who has polipathologies; polipharmacy; total or partial immobilizations; fecal or urinary incontinence; postural instability; cognitive or functional impairment; frequently hospitalizations. Since they are complex patients, the knowledge about their social-economic profile contributes to the success of health professionals’ assistance, because it directly influences on each person health.ObjectivesDetermine the social-economic profile of a Brazilian frailty elderly sample assisted in a public service.AimsThe knowledge about social-economic profile can guide the assistance and health promotion campaigns.Methods126 frailty elderly were interviewed. A validated Brazilian questionnaire (ABIPEME) of social-economic profile was answered. Sex, civil status, age and who answered the questionnaire were also obtained.ResultsFemale elderly were predominant (67.7%). They were almost married (56.3%), followed by widow (35.7%), single (4%), divorced (4%). 46 frailty elderly (36.6%) were younger than 69 years old; 37.8% were between 70–79 years old; 22.6% were between 80–89 years old and 3.0% were older than 90 years old. 95 frailty elderly (75%) were able to answer all the questions. The majority belonged to poor class (42.2% to poor and 18.3% to very poor); 36.6% belonged to low medium class; only 3.0% belonged to medium class; nobody belonged to rich class.ConclusionsThe low social-economic condition of frailty elderly can contribute to chronic diseases in these population, due mainly to a poor diet, inadequate access of medicines and a low quality of life.
Functional impairment prevalence in Brazilian frailty elderly
Authors: Ferreira A.S. , Barbosa E.M.S. , Raposo N.R.B. , Gattaz W.F. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionHealth life expectation could be defined in many ways. The notion of health life can considered, for example, physical, mental or social well-being; disease consequences; functional impairment; successful aging. Functional independence in daily activities is a key aspect on frailty elderly quality of life. This independence is related with elderly social and leisure activities, which improves their physical and mental health and brings sense to their life.ObjectivesData obtained in other countries could not represent the national population; the objective was to describe a Brazilian frailty elderly sample.AimsDetermine functional impairment prevalence in Brazilian frailty elderly.Methods8769 frailty elderly were examined. Social data, tobacco and alcohol consumption were verified and the functional activities questionnaire was applied from May, 2009 to August, 2010.ResultsFemale elderly was predominant (68.1%). They were almost married (47.3%), followed by widow (37.9%), single (9%), divorced (5.9%). White people were predominant (69.9%); black (14.9%) and brown (15.2%) were presented at the same proportion. Only 13.1% were smokers and 4.3% drank alcohol. The majority (78.7%) were younger than 80 years-old. Functional impairment prevalence was 9.5% in the 60–69 years old group; 18.9% in 70–79 years old group; 36.8% in 80–89 years old group and 61.3% in 90–99 years old group.ConclusionsThe prevalence of functional impairment increased with aging and we presented data obtained in a Brazilian sample. These data can be used to compare functional impairment in different countries and to stimulate elderly independence during their aging.
A prospective population-based study of suicidal behavior by burns in the province of Ilam, Iran
Authors: Alaghehbandan R. , Lari A. Rastegar , Joghataei M.-T. , Motavalian A. 
Published: May 2011

The aim of the study was to examine epidemiologic characteristics of suicidal behavior by burns requiring hospitalization in the province of Ilam, Iran.A prospective population-based study of all suicidal behaviors by burns requiring hospitalization was conducted in the province of Ilam, Iran, from March 21, 2005 to March 20, 2006. Data were obtained from patients, family members, and/or significant others through interviews during the course of hospitalization.A total of 51 patients with suicidal behavior by burns requiring hospitalization were identified during the study period, representing an overall incidence rate of 12.5 per 100,000 person-year (P-Y). Females had a higher rate of suicidal behavior by burns than males (18.0 vs. 7.2 per 100,000 P-Y) (P < 0.001). The age-specific rate of suicidal behavior by burns peaked at age group 20–29 years. The rate of suicidal behavior by burns was slightly higher among married persons than single persons, although not statistically significant (13.5 vs. 9.8 per 100,000 P-Y) (P = 0.25). The rate of suicidal behavior by burns among the rural population was significantly higher than the urban population (17.9 vs. 9.3 per 100,000 P-Y) (P = 0.02). The most frequent precipitating factor for suicidal behavior was marital conflicts.The high rate of suicidal behavior by burns among young, married women in Ilam is an alarming social tragedy. Despite substantial efforts toward improving health and human rights, persistent conditions allow violence against women in Iran and that these women continue to turn to the desperate remedy of self-burning.
Using the CES-D scale in a large cohort study and dealing with missing data: Application to the French E3N cohort
Authors: Resseguier N. , Verdoux H. , Clavel-Chapelon F. , Paoletti X. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionThe CES-D scale is commonly used to assess depressive symptoms (DS) in large population-based studies. Missing values in items of the scale may create biases.ObjectivesTo explore reasons for not completing items of the CES-D scale and to perform sensitivity analysis of the prevalence of DS to assess the impact of different missing data hypotheses.Methods71412 women included in the French E3N cohort returned in 2005 a questionnaire containing the CES-D scale. 45% presented at least one missing value in the scale. An interview study was carried out on a random sample of 204 participants to examine the different hypotheses for the missing value mechanism. The prevalence of DS was estimated according to different methods for handling missing values: complete cases analysis, single imputation, multiple imputation under MAR (missing at random) and MNAR (missing not at random) assumptions.ResultsThe interviews showed that participants were not embarrassed to fill in questions about DS. Potential reasons of nonresponse were identified. MAR and MNAR hypotheses remained plausible and were explored.Among complete responders, the prevalence of DS was 26.1%. After multiple imputation under MAR assumption, it was 28.6%, 29.8% and 31.7% among women presenting up to 4, to 10 and to 20 missing values, respectively. The estimates were robust after applying various scenarios of MNAR data for the sensitivity analysis.ConclusionsThe CES-D scale can easily be used to assess DS in large cohorts. Multiple imputation under MAR assumption allows to reliably handle missing values.
Revisiting goa's mental health
Authors: Ribeiro A.E. , Santos M. 
Published: May 2011

Despite Goa's privileged economic and environmental position, research has demonstrated that mental health is in fact a major public health issue in this Indian state.Besides learning difficulties, child abuse, and high suicide rates, depression and anxiety seem to affect more than one third of the patients in primary care attenders. Medically unexplained physical symptoms are common clinical features, frequently misdiagnosed by the primary care physicians. Alcohol consumption has always been an integral part of Goan lifestyle, with alcohol dependence being a major public health issue. Drug abuse, in particular heroin and more recently LSD and ecstasy, are of concern in the coastal areas, and foreign influence might not be the only explanation for this fact.Goa has one of the most extensive health systems in India. Private psychiatry is also relatively well represented, and fortunately there are some NGOs working in this field, providing care in areas where government services have been inadequate.Despite those facts, the majority of persons with mental health disorders have never come in contact with mental health care providers. Persons prefer to consult non-mental health professionals, and frequently continue to seek help from Religious and Spiritual Leaders, Informal Counsellors, priests and Gurus with healing powers. Many of such practices are unregulated, expensive and potentially dangerous.Priority mental health issues in Goa include sensitizing health workers to mental illnesses, and improving access to care in existing health services.
Social determinants of mental health and policy implications
Authors: Rocha I. 
Published: May 2011

IntroductionWHO has defined the social determinants of mental health (2008) as “social justice is a matter of life or death. Affects how people live, their propensity for disease and risk of premature death”. Underlies that health is not only determined by biological, but by social factors that can be divided into: Economic, Gender and Cultural.ObjectivesThe author proposes to do a literature review focusing on a consensus on the social determinants of mental health, and the implications on the policies of various countries.Aims and methodsWe performed a literature review using textbooks and research papers (Medline, Pubmed, 1997–2010).ResultsTopics about Social Determinants of Mental Health often establish, the social gradient, situations of stress, childhood development, poverty, drug dependence, conditions at work, unemployment, social support, food, transportation policies, gender and cultural determinants.The Global Movement for Mental Health should play an important role in public health activities, focusing on global mental illness. To do this effectively, the mental health professionals need to confront global poverty, its relationship with the political and economic developments as well as the consequences for common mental illnesses.ConclusionsIn a public health perspective, evidence of the mechanisms of this relationship can be used to consider a variety of primary and secondary preventive strategies with regard to mental health.
Survey of special needs in physically disabled people: A qualitative research
Authors: Farhoudian A. , Soleimaninia L. , Sadeghi M. , Jafari F. , Savari M.E. , Zafarghandi M.B. Saberi 
Published: May 2011

After sanction of “the rights of disabled people convention” United Nations Organization have been stressed more on dealing with this group’s needs. Therewith, most of countries in the world have been committed in this field. Therefore with consideration of importance of identifying the needs in disabled people and making policies for them, this study conducted in order to identify the special needs in physically disabled people. This article is a part of a qualitative research with grounded theory method. 15 physically disabled people of Tehran were selected through a purposeful sampling participated in study. The main method for collecting data was semi-structured interview that continued until theoretical saturation of information. Data was analyzed with Strauss & Corbin coding manner or continued comparison and the assessor’s viewpoints method is used for validity promotion of data.Totally, most important domains of special needs in disabled group were: family and relatives, education, movement and transportation, building and places (houses and public places), social participation and occupation, treatment and rehabilitation services, and people’s attitude toward their problems.The results indicated that for promoting social participation and function independency in disabled people, should be emphasis on “equality of opportunities” in society rather than “disability”. Thus, public systems and services should be available equally for all, such as physical environments and places, housing, transport system, educational and vocational opportunities, and socio-cultural life like equipments for sport and amusement. Then, physically disabled people can reach to a life with more quality and same with others.