bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the potential population impact of stepwise screening strategies for identifying and treating individuals at high risk of Type 2 diabetes: a modelling study
Authors: Chamnan P. , Simmons R. K. , Khaw K. T. , Wareham N. J. , Griffin S. J. 
Published: February 2012

Diabet. Med. 29, 893–904 (2012)AbstractBackground  Diabetes risk assessment has been proposed as part of the National Health Service Health Checks programme, and HbA1c has recently been recommended as a diagnostic test for diabetes at a threshold of 48 mmol/mol (6.5%). We estimated the potential population impact of different stepwise screening strategies to identify individuals at high risk who might be offered preventive interventions.Methods  Using data from 5910 participants in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)‐Norfolk cohort with HbA1c measurements, we modelled different stepwise screening strategies for identifying and treating individuals at high risk of Type 2 diabetes using different HbA1c cut‐off points with and without a stage of prestratification. For each strategy, we estimated the number needed to have a diagnostic test, the number needed to treat to prevent one new case of Type 2 diabetes, and the number of new cases that could be prevented in the population over 3 years. Relative risk reductions for estimated effects of intensive lifestyle intervention were derived from the US Diabetes Prevention Program.Results  Compared with inviting all individuals in an average primary care trust for a diagnostic test, a stepwise screening approach using simple routine data such as age and anthropometric indices could prevent a slightly lower number (lower‐upper estimates) of new cases of Type 2 diabetes over 3 years (224 [130–359] and 193 [109–315] cases respectively) but would only require half the population to be invited for a diagnostic blood test. A total of 162 (88–274) cases could be prevented by inviting individuals with a Cambridge risk score of ≥ 0.15, with only 40% of the total population requiring diagnostic blood tests. Using a participant completed questionnaire for risk assessment (FINDRISC) was less effective, mainly relating to the questionnaire response rate. Providing preventive interventions to those with a lower HbA1c of 37–< 48 mmol/mol (5.5–< 6.5%) could prevent more cases but with a disproportionately higher workload, compared with using the recommended HbA1c threshold of 42–< 48 mmol/mol (6.0–< 6.5%).Conclusions  Compared with mass screening, an approach using routine data for risk stratification followed by an HbA1c test with a threshold of 42–< 48 mmol/mol (6.0–< 6.5%) for identifying individuals suitable for preventive interventions might prevent slightly fewer cases of Type 2 diabetes but with potential cost‐savings.
FINE'S MCTAGGART, TEMPORAL PASSAGE, AND THE A VERSUS B‐DEBATE
Authors: Deng Natalja 
Published: February 2012

AbstractI offer an interpretation and a partial defense of Kit Fine's ‘Argument from Passage’, which is situated within his reconstruction of McTaggart's paradox. Fine argues that existing A‐theoretic approaches to passage are no more dynamic, i.e. capture passage no better, than the B‐theory. I argue that this comparative claim is correct. Our intuitive picture of passage, which inclines us towards A‐theories, suggests more than coherent A‐theories can deliver. In Finean terms, the picture requires not only Realism about tensed facts, but also Neutrality, i.e. the tensed facts not being ‘oriented towards’ one privileged time. However unlike Fine, and unlike others who advance McTaggartian arguments, I take McTaggart's paradox to indicate neither the need for a more dynamic theory of passage nor that time does not pass. A more dynamic theory is not to be had: Fine's ‘non‐standard realism’ amounts to no more than a conceptual gesture. But instead of concluding that time does not pass, we should conclude that theories of passage cannot deliver the dynamicity of our intuitive picture. For this reason, a B‐theoretic account of passage that simply identifies passage with the succession of times is a serious contender.
Parental Emotion Coaching and Child Emotion Regulation as Protective Factors for Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Authors: Dunsmore Julie C. , Booker Jordan A. , Ollendick Thomas H. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe assessed linkages of mothers' emotion coaching and children's emotion regulation and emotion lability/negativity with children's adjustment in 72 mother–child dyads seeking treatment for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Dyads completed the questionnaires and discussed emotion‐related family events. Maternal emotion coaching was associated with children's emotion regulation, which in turn was related to higher mother‐reported adaptive skills, higher child‐reported internalizing symptoms, and lower child‐reported adjustment. When children were high in emotion lability/negativity, mothers' emotion coaching was associated with lower mother and child reports of externalizing behavior. Results suggest the role of emotion regulation and emotion lability in child awareness of socio‐emotional problems and support the potential of maternal emotion coaching as a protective factor for children with ODD, especially for those high in emotion lability.
Screening of the FUS gene in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients of Chinese origin
Authors: Zou Z.‐Y. , Peng Y. , Feng X.‐H. , Wang X.‐N. , Sun Q. , Liu M.‐S. , Li X.‐G. , Cui L.‐Y. 
Published: February 2012

Background:  According to studies in European, North American, Australian, and Asian populations, FUS gene mutations occur in 0.6–20.2% of the patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 0.4–2.0% of sporadic ALS cases. In China, FUS mutations have been reported in several familial ALS pedigrees but not in sporadic ALS cases. Here, we screened for FUS mutations in Chinese patients with ALS.Methods:  We sequenced all of the 15 exons of FUS in 10 familial ALS pedigrees, exons 5, 6, 14, and 15 in 210 patients with sporadic ALS and 151 healthy controls. All patients were negative for SOD1, TARDBP, and ANG mutations.Results:  A c.1562G>T (p.R521L) missense mutation was identified in one familial ALS proband and her asymptomatic daughter. A c.1562G>A (p.R521H) missense mutation was identified in two patients with sporadic ALS. Three synonymous mutations (c.453C>T, c.648C>T, and c.1464C>T) were detected among four patients with sporadic ALS, and a untranslated region variant (*14C>T) was identified in one familial ALS proband and one patient with sporadic ALS.Conclusions:  The frequency of FUS mutations is approximately 1.0% in our SOD1‐, ANG‐, TARDBP‐mutation‐negative sporadic ALS cohort and similar to that reported in previous studies from Asia in our familial ALS cohort. [Correction added on 31 May 2012, after first online publication: the gene FUS‐ was changed to ANG‐]. Our findings provide an overview of the occurrence of FUS mutations in Chinese sporadic and familial ALS cases and highlight the importance of screening for FUS mutations in ALS patients of Chinese origin.
Periodic leg movements in sleep in elderly patients with Parkinsonism and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bliwise D. L. , Trotti L. M. , Yesavage J. A. , Rye D. B. 
Published: February 2012

Background:  Periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) are non‐epileptiform, repetitive movements of the lower limbs that have been associated with apparent dopamine deficiency. We hypothesized that elderly patients with a disease characterized primarily by dopamine depletion (Parkinsonism) would have higher rates of PLMS than age‐matched controls or a different neurodegenerative condition not primarily involving a hypodopaminergic state, Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods:  We compared rates of PLMS derived from in‐laboratory overnight polysomnography in patients with Parkinsonism (n = 79), AD (n = 28), and non‐neurologically impaired, community‐based controls (n = 187).Results:  Patients with Parkinsonism not receiving levodopa had significantly higher rates of PLMS than did patients with Parkinsonism receiving levodopa as well as higher rates than seen in AD and controls. Other medications did not appear to exert the pronounced effect of levodopa on PLMS in this Parkinsonian patient population. The symptom of leg kicking was reported more frequently in Parkinsonism and was associated with higher rates of PLMS. Caregiver reported leg kicking was unrelated to PLMS in AD.Conclusions:  Results are broadly compatible with a dopaminergic hypothesis for PLMS in Parkinsonism. The clinical significance of the negative findings in patients with AD requires further investigation.
Quantitative assessment of higher‐order chromatin structure of the INK4/ARF locus in human senescent cells
Authors: Hirosue Akiyuki , Ishihara Ko , Tokunaga Kazuaki , Watanabe Takehisa , Saitoh Noriko , Nakamoto Masafumi , Chandra Tamir , Narita Masashi , Shinohara Masanori , Nakao Mitsuyoshi 
Published: February 2012

SummarySomatic cells can be reset to oncogene‐induced senescent (OIS) cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by expressing specified factors. The INK4/ARF locus encodes p15INK4b, ARF, and p16INK4a genes in human chromosome 9p21, the products of which are known as common key reprogramming regulators. Compared with growing fibroblasts, the CCCTC‐binding factor CTCF is remarkably up‐regulated in iPS cells with silencing of the three genes in the locus and is reversely down‐regulated in OIS cells with high expression of p15INK4b and p16INK4a genes. There are at least three CTCF‐enriched sites in the INK4/ARF locus, which possess chromatin loop‐forming activities. These CTCF‐enriched sites and the p16INK4a promoter associate to form compact chromatin loops in growing fibroblasts, while CTCF depletion disrupts the loop structure. Interestingly, the loose chromatin structure is found in OIS cells. In addition, the INK4/ARF locus has an intermediate type of chromatin compaction in iPS cells. These results suggest that senescent cells have distinct higher‐order chromatin signature in the INK4/ARF locus.
Thai Buddhist families' perspective of a peaceful death in ICUs
Authors: Kongsuwan Waraporn , Chaipetch Orapan , Matchim Yaowarat 
Published: February 2012

Aim: To describe the concept of a peaceful death in intensive care units (ICUs) from the perspective of Thai Buddhist family members.Methods: This descriptive qualitative study was based on data generated from individual in‐depth interviews of nine Thai Buddhist family members from the southern region of Thailand whose loved ones died in adult ICUs. Colaizzi's phenomenological approach was used to analyse the data. Rigour for the study was established by Lincoln and Guga's guidelines for qualitative research studies.Findings: Five core qualities emerged that made‐up the concept of a peaceful death as described by Thai Buddhist family members who cared for their loved ones while they were dying in ICUs. These core qualities were ‘knowing death was impending, preparing for a peaceful state of mind, not suffering, being with family members and not alone, and family members were not mourning’.Conclusion: Thai Buddhist family members described what they meant by a peaceful death. ‘This was: preparing for a peaceful state of mind in knowing that one's impending death is not a situation of suffering or being alone, but rather a time of being with family members who are not yet mourning one's death.’ The findings support that family members should participate in promoting a peaceful death for their loved ones dying in ICUs.Implications for practice: The five core qualities of a peaceful death reported in this study could be used as a framework for nurses to create nursing practice interventions for quality end‐of‐life care for Thai Buddhists.
Vaginal vault dehiscence after laparoscopic hysterectomy over a nine‐year period at Sydney West Advanced Pelvic Surgery Unit – our experiences and current understanding of vaginal vault dehiscence
Authors: Chan Warren S. W. , Kong Karen K. Y. , Nikam Yogesh A , Merkur Harry 
Published: February 2012

BackgroundA retrospective analysis of all women undergoing hysterectomy at Sydney West Advanced Pelvic Surgery Unit (SWAPS) was performed in the nine‐year period from 2001 to 2009.AimsTo evaluate the incidence, timing and presenting symptoms of vaginal vault dehiscence after hysterectomy, especially via the laparoscopic approach to gain further understanding of patient risk factors and surgical factors that may predispose to this complication.MethodsWomen who presented with vaginal vault dehiscence were identified and possible pre‐operative, intra‐operative and post‐operative risk factors were assessed. A comprehensive literature search was performed to assess the current understanding and incidence of vault dehiscence after laparoscopic hysterectomy.ResultsA total of 1224 hysterectomies were performed between 2001 and 2009. 989 (80.80%) were performed laparoscopically of which five women (0.42%) presented with vault dehiscence post‐operatively. All had undergone total laparoscopic hysterectomy resulting in a vault dehiscence rate of 1.59% after total laparoscopic hysterectomy specifically. Baseline characteristics included a mean age of 42.8 years (37–51 years), mean BMI of 26.8 kg/m2 (23.8–32.3 kg/m2) and a mean parity of two deliveries (1–3 deliveries). The main presenting symptom of vaginal vault dehiscence was vaginal bleeding. Women with confirmed vaginal vault dehiscence readmitted to hospital at a mean of 18 days (11–28 days) post‐operatively.ConclusionVaginal vault dehiscence is a rare complication after hysterectomy, but more common after a laparoscopic approach. A delayed presentation with vaginal bleeding was the main presenting symptom in this study – a literature review has shown common presenting symptoms to include abdominal pain, vaginal evisceration and vaginal bleeding. Techniques specific to total laparoscopic hysterectomy seem especially important in the increased risk of vaginal vault dehiscence seen after laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Liposome‐Encapsulated Hemoglobin Ameliorates Tumor Hypoxia and Enhances Radiation Therapy to Suppress Tumor Growth in Mice
Authors: Murayama Chieko , Kawaguchi Akira T. , Ishikawa Kenji , Kamijo Akemi , Kato Nobusuke , Ohizumi Yukio , Sadahiro Sotaro , Haida Munetaka 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe hypothesize that liposome‐encapsulated hemoglobin with high O2 affinity (P5002 = 12 mm Hg, h‐LEH) may increase O2 delivery to hypoxic tumors and enhance radiation therapy synergistically to suppress tumor growth. First, h‐LEH (5, 10, and 20 mL/kg) was intravenously infused 30 min before radiation (20 Gy) of SCCVII tumor grown in C3H/HeN mice. Second, 10 mL/kg of h‐LEH was administered 30, 60, 90, and 120 min prior to radiation to determine optimal timing. Tumor size was monitored thereafter to titrate tumor growth suppression. Third, additional mice with SCCVII tumor were infused with h‐LEH or empty liposome (EL), and tumors were excised at various time points for immunohistochemical examination of h‐LEH and hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). h‐LEH was most effective at 10 mL/kg in comparison to 5 or 20 mL/kg of h‐LEH or EL. Tumor growth was most suppressed when the interval between h‐LEH infusion and radiation was shortest, 30 min. As a result, 10 mL/kg of h‐LEH infusion 30 min prior to radiation prolonged 5‐fold tumor‐growth time from 20.0 days (radiation and EL) to 26.5 days, P < 0.01, synergy ratio 1.42. While human hemoglobin (h‐LEH) was detected in tumors 0.5 to 24 h after administration, HIF‐1α accumulation was sparse and became significantly reduced compared to controls 48 and 72 h after h‐LEH infusion. h‐LEH (10 mL/kg) was highly effective in enhancing radiation therapy synergistically under ambient respiration against tumor growth in mice. Decreased accumulation of HIF‐1α in h‐LEH‐treated tumor may suggest targeted tumor oxygenation as a potential mechanism.
Higher requirements of dialysis in severe lithium intoxication
Authors: Lopez Juan Carlos , Perez Xose , Labad Javier , Esteve Francisco , Manez Rafael , Javierre Casimiro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSevere lithium poisoning is a frequent condition in the intoxicated intensive care unit population. Dialysis is the treatment of choice, but no clinical markers predicting higher requirement for dialysis have been identified to date. We analyze the characteristics of lithium overdose patients needing dialysis to improve lithium clearance, and identify the ones associated with higher dialysis requirement. This is an observational, retrospective study of 14 patients with lithium poisoning admitted from 2004 to 2009. Median age was 41.8 ± 16.1 years. Poisonings were acute in 7.1%, acute‐on‐chronic in 64.28%, and chronic in 28.5% of cases. Comparing clinical and biochemical data in patients requiring more than one dialysis session with those requiring only one session, the univariate analysis showed differences at admission in creatinine clearance (40.5 ± 23 vs. 73.3 ± 24.9 mL/min, P = 0.025), white blood cells (17528 ± 3530 vs. 11580 ± 3360 cells/L, P = 0.007), and blood sodium concentration (134.8 ± 5.9 vs. 141.8 ± 8.4 mmol/L, P=0.035). We measured the degree of association between the number of sessions and the variables with partial correlations. High lithium levels (P = 0.006, r = 0.69), low creatinine clearance (P = 0.04, r = −0.55), and low blood sodium concentration (P = 0.024, r = −0.59) were associated with a greater number of dialysis sessions. The correlation remained significant for blood sodium concentration (P = 0.016, r = −0.67) after adjustment for creatinine clearance and initial lithium levels. Presence on admission of low creatinine clearance, low blood sodium concentration, and/or high lithium levels correlated with a higher number of dialysis sessions in severe lithium poisoning. These factors, especially low blood sodium concentration, are associated with higher dialysis requirements in severe lithium intoxication.
Peer Influences on Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug Use Outcomes
Authors: Ramirez Rhonda , Hinman Agatha , Sterling Stacy , Weisner Constance , Campbell Cynthia 
Published: February 2012

Abstract Purpose: To examine the role of family environment and peer networks in abstinence outcomes for adolescents 1 year after intake to alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment.Design: Survey of 419 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age at consecutive intakes to AOD treatment programs at four sites of a large health system, with telephone follow‐up survey 1 year after intake.Methods: Examined association of 1‐year abstinence with baseline characteristics. Using logistic regression, we examined characteristics predicting 1‐year abstinence and predicting having fewer than four substance‐using friends at 1 year.Results: We found that family environment scores related to family conflict, limit setting, and positive family experiences, were not related to abstinence outcomes, but peer networks were related. Adolescents with fewer (less than four) AOD‐using friends were more likely to be abstinent than those with four or more AOD‐using friends (65% vs. 41%, p= .0002). Having fewer than four AOD‐using friends at intake predicted abstinence at 1 year (odds ratio [OR]= 2.904, p= .0002) and also predicted having fewer than four AOD‐using friends at 1 year (OR= 2.557, p= 0.0007).Conclusions: Although family environment is an important factor in the development of AOD problems in adolescents, it did not play a significant role in treatment success. The quality of adolescent peer networks did independently predict positive outcomes.Clinical Relevance: For physicians, advanced practice registered nurses, and other primary and behavioral care providers who screen and care for adolescents with AOD and other behavioral problems, our finding suggest the importance of focusing on improving the quality of their peer networks.Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2012; 44:1, XXX–XXX. ©2011 Sigma Theta Tau International.
A nematode, fungus, and aphid interact via a shared host plant: implications for soybean management
Authors: McCarville M. T. , O’Neal M. , Tylka G. L. , Kanobe C. , MacIntosh G. C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), is an introduced crop to America and initially benefited from a small number of pests threatening its production. Since its rapid expansion in production beginning in the 1930s, several pests have been introduced from the native range of soybean. Our knowledge of how these pests interact and the implications for management is limited. We examined how three common economic soybean pests, the nematode Heterodera glycines Ichinohe (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), the fungus Cadophora gregata Harrington & McNew (Incertae sedis), and the aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), interact on soybean cyst nematode‐susceptible (SCN‐S) and soybean cyst nematode‐resistant cultivars carrying the PI 88788 resistance source (SCN‐R). From 2008 to 2010, six soybean cultivars were infested with either a single pest or all three pests in combination in a micro‐plot field experiment. Pest performance was measured in a ‘single pest’ treatment and compared with pest performance in the ‘multiple pest’ treatment, allowing us to measure the impact of SCN resistance and the presence of other soybean pests on each pest’s performance. Performance of H. glycines (80% reduction in reproduction) and A. glycines (19.8% reduction in plant exposure) was reduced on SCN‐R cultivars. Regardless of cultivar, the presence of multiple pests significantly decreased the performance of A. glycines, but significantly increased H. glycines performance. The presence of multiple pests decreased the performance of C. gregata on SCN‐S soybean cultivars (20.6% reduction in disease rating).
Maxillary sinus floor augmentation with injectable calcium phosphate cements: a pre‐clinical study in sheep
Authors: Hoekstra Jan Willem M. , Klijn Reinoud J. , Meijer Gert J. , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. , Jansen John A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this pre‐clinical study was to evaluate the biological performance of two injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) composite materials containing poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic)acid (PLGA) microspheres with different properties in a maxillary sinus floor elevation model in sheep.Materials and methodsPLGA microspheres were made of either low molecular weight (~17 kDa) acid‐terminated PLGA (PLGAL‐AT) or high molecular weight (~44 kDa) end‐capped PLGA (PLGAH‐EC) and incorporated in CPC. Eight female Swifter sheep underwent a bilateral maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure via an extra‐oral approach. All animals received both materials, alternately injected in the left and right sinus (split‐mouth model) and a time point of 12 weeks was used. Analysis of biological performance was based on histology, histomorphometry, and evaluation of sequential fluorochrome labeling.ResultsBoth types of CPC‐PLGA composites showed biocompatibility and direct bone‐cement contact. CPC‐PLGAL‐AT showed a significantly higher degradation distance compared to CPC‐PLGAH‐EC (1949 ± 1295 μm vs. 459 ± 267 μm; P = 0.0107). Further, CPC‐PLGAL‐AT showed significantly more bone in the region of interest (26.4 ± 10.5% vs. 8.6 ± 3.9% for PLGAH‐EC; P = 0.0009) and significantly less remaining CPC material (61.2 ± 17.7% vs. 81.9 ± 10.9% for PLGAH‐EC; P = 0.0192).ConclusionsBoth CPC‐PLGAL‐AT and CPC‐PLGAH‐EC demonstrated to be safe materials for sinus floor elevation procedures in a large animal model, presenting biocompatibility and direct bone contact. In view of material performance, CPC‐PLGAL‐AT showed significantly faster degradation and a significantly higher amount of newly formed bone compared to CPC‐PLGAH‐EC.