bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Health Benefits and Mechanisms of Time-Restricted Feeding: Beyond Caloric Restriction
Authors: Wang Ruhan , Liao Yuxiao , Deng Yan , Shuang Rong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a lifestyle intervention that aims to maintain a consistent daily cycle of feeding and fasting to support robust circadian rhythms. Recently, it has gained scientific, medical, and public attention due to its potential to enhance body composition, extend lifespan, and improve overall health, as well as induce autophagy and alleviate symptoms of diseases like cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and ischemic injury. However, there is still considerable debate on the primary factors that contribute to the health benefits of TRF. Despite not imposing strict limitations on calorie intake, TRF consistently led to reductions in calorie intake. Therefore, while some studies suggest that the health benefits of TRF are primarily due to caloric restriction (CR), others argue that the key advantages of TRF arise not only from CR but also from factors like the duration of fasting, the timing of the feeding period, and alignment with circadian rhythms. To elucidate the roles and mechanisms of TRF beyond CR, this review incorporates TRF studies that did not use CR, as well as TRF studies with equivalent energy intake to CR, which addresses the previous lack of comprehensive research on TRF without CR and provides a framework for future research directions.
Public Health, Pandemics, and Cybertechnology
Authors: Miller Seumas , Bossomaier Terry 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Cybertechnology has given rise to ethical and security issues in the health sector (e.g., ransomware attacks such as WannaCry). Ransomware attacks cripple hospitals causing deaths. Cybertechnology, such as phone apps and bulk health databases utilizing machine-learning techniques, is involved in controlling pandemics (e.g., COVID-19). However, there are potential moral costs, notably in terms of infringements of individual privacy and ownership rights. Here collective goods, such as public health and security, can conflict with individual rights. However, infringements of rights can be mitigated, especially using new technological developments, such as privacy-preserving health mining software, and regulations based on appropriate ethical guidelines.
The Ontology of Musical Networks
Authors: Kane Brian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter contrasts the network-based theory of musical works with some major thinkers in Anglophone philosophy of music. It reviews the nominalism of Nelson Goodman and contrasts it with the realism of Jerrold Levinson, Peter Kivy, and Nicholas Wolterstorff. While there are significant differences between these philosophical realists, all three share a framework that posits musical works as real things, specified and individuated by their essential properties, and impervious to change. In contrast, this chapter argues that jazz standards are musical works that have no essential properties, that emerge from a network of performances, and that are not impervious to change over time. The work of Bruno Latour and Annemarie Mol is considered as a model for understanding how objects and facts can be socially constructed and be involved in “ontological politics.” The chapter ends by developing some of the advantages of the network-based theory of musical works.
The Soundscape of Standards
Authors: Kane Brian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains why the era of the standard emerged when it did and why it came to a close. It addresses the historical conditions by which popular music circulated in America between the years 1930 and 1960 in order to construct a changing “soundscape of standards.” The early soundscape of popular music was shaped by radio and the music industry, where new songs were “plugged” by multiple performers in various arrangements. This forged an auditory culture where songs were not heard as referring a single aural image or particular recording. After World War II the rise of the disc jockey and a new emphasis on sound transformed practices of permissive replication into duplication and associated songs with a single aural image. Simultaneously, internal questions within the world of jazz challenged its basic protocols. Together, these shifts in auditory culture brought the era of the standard to a close.
The Aesthetics of Standards, or Hearing Double
Authors: Kane Brian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the aesthetic value of jazz standards by drawing out implications of the network-based theory of musical works outlined in previous chapters. A mode of listening is introduced called “hearing double,” which involves hearing a piece of music against the background of a set of aural images of its past performances. The musical decisions heard in one performance are also heard against the decisions of other performances. Thus, hearing double is a crucial mode of listening for appreciating standards. The chapter also proposes a distinction between a “standard” and a “cover” by appealing to topology of the network in which a song participates. Covers refer back to a single aural image, often a performance that initiates a network; standards do not refer back to a single aural image but may index various performances within a larger network. The chapter then considers the role standards play in jazz today.
Introduction
Authors: O’Rourke Maeve 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book, explaining why older people’s frequent experiences of care-related mistreatment is an important topic of investigation from the point of view of the rule against torture and ill-treatment in international human rights law. The chapter explains the book’s perspective on ageism and the question of defining ‘older’ people. It further outlines the particularities of the right to freedom from torture and ill-treatment, which contribute to the norm’s relative strength within the corpus of international human rights law. The chapter discusses the ongoing deliberations at the United Nations over the need for and potential contents of a new Convention on the rights and dignity of older people, and it situates the book in relation to these deliberations. Finally, the chapter summarizes the following contents of the book.
Music and parental mental wellbeing
Authors: Perkins Rosie , Miele Maddalena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces the book by setting the context for, and parameters of, music and parental mental wellbeing. It advocates for parity of attention on parental mental health as on parental physical health, arguing for the importance of supporting and facilitating parental mental wellbeing. Current treatments and supports for parents are discussed, including for parents experiencing mental illness during pregnancy and in or beyond the postnatal period. Music is introduced as a potential means of supporting wellbeing, and a case is made for how music can feature in parental care, including a short summary of existing evidence in the field. The chapter concludes with a description of the structure and scope of the book.
Synchronised in song
Authors: Mani Charulatha , O’Connor Michelle 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 describes the design, implementation, and efficacy of a programme of singing and songwriting—Sing to Connect—for refugee mothers in South-East Queensland, Australia. Drawing attention to a raft of upstream drivers of health inequities in displaced populations, the chapter sets out a rationale for work that amplifies cultural strengths such as music and language in health interventions that are arts-based. It goes on to describe the songwriting and singing as related musical practices that bring about social outcomes such as connection, cooperation, collaboration, and eventually cohesion. Underscoring the capacity of songwriting to alert the mothers to pertinent health issues, to channel creative self-expression, and to offset power imbalances with their midwives, the chapter offers a suite of insights that hold implications for both music and midwifery practitioners.
A note on the future of music and parental mental wellbeing
Authors: Perkins Rosie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 14 provides a short note on the future of music and parental mental wellbeing. It first acknowledges some of the threads that run through the book and then identifies four (of many) future directions that practice and research in music and parental mental wellbeing might take. These areas include implementation and scaling-up, emphasising the importance of strong and equal interdisciplinary partnerships, and looking beyond the early years to establish and research new practices designed with and for parents across the life course. Further areas for development include diversity and representation, prioritising work with parents and musicians in wide ranging contexts, as well as capacity building to support and nurture practitioners working in music and parental wellbeing settings. The chapter ends with a final reflection on the potential for music to help reimagine and communicate what parental wellbeing is and can be amongst all that the twenty-first century is bringing.
‘It’s an excellent service for a lot of young people and a place of trust for them’
Authors: Rusterholz Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 provides an overview of the demographics of the clients and how they changed over time. The chapter then explores the absence of data on ethnicity and its related implications for addressing the needs of specific communities. Focusing again on the five case studies of London, Birmingham, Bristol, Edinburgh, and Liverpool the chapter explores young people’s lived experiences with the centres and the impact their visits had on their lives, future perspectives, and opportunities. Drawing on case histories, oral history interviews, and media coverage of these centres, the chapter argues that finding a friendly, non-judgmental and confidential service—a place where anxieties, fears, and emotions could be expressed—was central for young people. In addition, this chapter explores the impact that clients had on the development of sexual counselling through the references made to clients’ needs in the development of sexual health guidelines.
Education and Information on Contraception
Authors: Rusterholz Caroline 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 evaluates the outreach activity of Brook through case studies on public health and education campaigns over time. Taking a chronological approach, it focuses on several campaigns that reveal broader contemporary concerns. In the 1970s, Brook pioneered a new initiative in improving access to sexual health information and services for young people with disabilities. In the 1980s, Brook worked closely with the FPA to try to encourage boys to share responsibility for birth control. Similarly, in the 1980s, they tried to encourage young people from ethnic minority backgrounds to attend Brook centres. From the 1980s to the 1990s, they developed visual and creative materials to inform young people about AIDS. The 1990s were also the decade where the centrality of confidentiality became paramount in the advertising of sexual health services. Finally, this chapter explores the way Brook worked with the mass media and teenage magazines.
The Career Classicist
Authors: Taylor Helena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Anne Dacier (1647–1720)—as a lauded ‘savante’, as an Ancient in the Homer Quarrel, and as an accepted and prominent participant in that quarrel—cuts an exceptional figure. This chapter, focusing on her translations from 1681 to 1688 and her interventions in the Homer Quarrel (1711–16), explores the strategies Dacier deployed to make her career as a Classicist, examining how she negotiated the usually irreconcilable identities of scholar, woman, and quarreller. For all the respect she commanded, Dacier also had to navigate expectations of her gender, making an apparently successful distinction between social and authorial identities. The chapter then examines her reception to trouble the assumptions behind the categories of ‘woman writer’ and ‘Classicist’. Her professional endeavours made their mark as she advocated ancient Greek and Roman literary heritage, but, as is shown, she also freed translations aimed at ‘women readers’ from the territory of the Moderns.
Conclusion
Authors: Taylor Helena 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The Conclusion draws together the contributions of this study which has examined the ways in which the struggle to define the female intellectual in seventeenth-century France mapped onto a broader struggle for a definition of literature and literary knowledge in a context of significant cultural change. It has reframed early modern classical reception through the prisms of literary ideologies and authorial strategy. In addition to instances of reception and translation, the study has also looked at the (related) roles played by the reception of ancient Greek and Roman culture in shaping professional identities (biographical and rhetorical) and in the development of genre; and has considered tensions in contemporary and historiographical ideas of collective categories. The Conclusion then analyses the afterlives of the figure of the ‘femme savante’, from Bluestocking, le Bas bleu, and the Girton Girl to contemporary definitions, to show the enduring influence of Scudéry’s satire.
Arguments
Authors: Robert Howard Nathan , Schroeder Mark 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter continues our task of discovering the structure of the reason relation from the inside out, focusing on what the principal arguments are of the ‘reason’ relation that are picked out in typical ‘reason’ ascriptions. All reasons count in favor of something, and so we begin with the question of what kind of thing reasons count in favor of. The view that reasons count in favor of propositions is introduced and compared to the view that reasons count in favor of actions or properties, as well as the different answers each of these views requires as to whether agents are one of the relata of the ‘reason’ relation. The view that reasons are relative to agents is compared to the view that reasons are relative to circumstances. Philosophical consequences of each of these answers for the debate between consequentialism and deontology and the debate between particularism and generalism are introduced and explored.
What Can Reasons Analyze?
Authors: Robert Howard Nathan , Schroeder Mark 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter launches Part 3: Place of the book, which is devoted to looking even further out from reasons, in order to consider their place in normative theorizing more broadly. In this chapter we take up the question of what other normative properties and relations might best be analyzable in terms of reasons. Beginning with the strongest candidates for other properties to be analyzable in terms of reasons and proceeding to the weakest candidates, the focus throughout the chapter is on special difficulties, rather than on the advantages of analyzing in terms of reasons. Challenges about exactly how to understand the competition between reasons in order to explain obligation and permission are introduced. Difficulties about perspective and information are introduced as challenges for analyzing ‘ought’ in terms of reasons. Fittingness is introduced and the wrong kind of reason problem is introduced and explored for analyses of fittingness in terms of reasons. And the connection between ‘good’ and fittingness is introduced as a final challenge for the explanatory and analytical breadth of reasons.
The Fundamentality of Reasons
Authors: Robert Howard Nathan , Schroeder Mark 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book with an introduction and exploration of the Fundamental Argument that reasons play an important analytic and explanatory role in normative theory. The Classical Argument for the analytic and explanatory role of reasons is reviewed and compared to the explanatory and deliberative roles for reasons. Whereas the Classical Argument draws only on the explanatory role for reasons, the Fundamental Argument draws on both reasons’ explanatory and deliberative roles. The limits of the Fundamental Argument are surveyed and the book closes with a reconsideration of reasons’ centrality in contemporary philosophy.
Experimental Evolution and the Nature of Biodiversity
Authors: Kassen Rees 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Why and how did life become so diverse? This has been the central question—or more accurately, the obsession—in biology. This book attempts to provide an answer by providing an account of how biodiversity evolves in some of the simplest biological systems, microbial populations evolving in the laboratory. This approach, experimental evolution, allows us to watch the evolutionary process unfold in real time and to track adaptation and diversification in both phenotype and genotype along the way, making it possible to observe evolutionary processes that have remained stubbornly inaccessible to experimental research in larger, longer-lived organisms. The book provides insight into the ecology and genetics of adaptive diversification, repeated evolution, the origins of novelty and innovation, coevolutionary diversification, patterns of diversity through time and ends with a sketch of a general theory of diversification.
Divergent Selection
Authors: Kassen Rees 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the consequences of selection in contrasting environments, with a view to understanding the evolution of trade-offs underpinning niche specialization and differentiation. I introduce a theory of pleiotropy that extends Fisher’s geometric model to multiple dimensions that provides a framework for understanding the evolution of fitness trade-offs, and so ecological specialization, across environments. A review of the experimental evolution literature shows that trade-offs due to divergent selection evolve readily in the laboratory and that costs of adaptation associated with extreme specialization can be underlain by both mutation accumulation and functional interference associated with antagonistic pleiotropy. Evidence from field studies suggests that divergent selection can be strong enough to generate and maintain ecological specialists, although the spatial scale over which this happens is not always clear.
Repeated Evolution
Authors: Kassen Rees 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Repeated evolution is when the same genetic or phenotypic change occurs in independently evolving populations. It comes in two flavors: parallel evolution, when identical changes occur in populations descended from the same ancestor, and convergent evolution, when they occur in populations derived from different ancestors. Repeated evolution is so unlikely to occur by chance alone that, when it happens, evolutionary biologists infer selection must be the cause. We know little about what factors promote or deter repeated evolution because in natural systems, it is impossible to quantify the frequency with which it occurs. Evolve-and-resequence experiments do not suffer from this problem of quantification, making it possible to provide an empirically grounded theory of repeatable evolution. This chapter reviews what we have learned from evolve-and-resequence experiments in microbes about how predictable and repeatable evolution can be at the genetic level.
Coevolutionary Diversification
Authors: Kassen Rees 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
How important is coevolution, the reciprocal selection arising from ecological interactions like competition, predation, and mutualism, as a driver of diversification? Biologists remain divided on the issue, with some seeing it as a central driver of macroevolutionary patterns of diversity and others relegating it to a more minor role. Theory has shown that not all forms of coevolution lead to diversification, but some can. There is clearly room for experiments to help clarify matters. This chapter reviews the different models of coevolutionary diversification and evaluates the experimental evidence bearing on them. It also considers the impact of extending our models beyond the strong, often pairwise interactions typically studied in the lab to consider how the nature and strength of coevolutionary interactions change in more complex, diverse communities and the impact this has on adaptation and diversification.
Dancing Resistance, Re-creating the World
Authors: Weir Allison 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the histories and meanings of the round dances that are often performed as part of Indigenous resistance movements, to argue that these danced rituals are world-creating performances that challenge all forms of colonization and domination to enact a dangerous philoxenic form of democratic freedom: freedom in relationality. Drawing on Thomas Norton-Smith’s analysis of Indigenous story and ritual as world-creating performances, Weir considers Cree stories of the meanings of the round dance in light of Julia Kristeva’s Kleinian psychoanalytic theory of philoxenia. In contrast to Hannah Arendt’s idealized philia politikē, philoxenia is a form of political friendship that includes the stranger. Against a naive view of democratic discourse as honorable contestation among friendly and equal individuals—and against a cynical view of democracy as only a game of power—the danced rituals directly address and work through fear and hostility toward the other, to forestall violence and domination.
Care Quality and the States
Authors: Francis Leslie P. , Francis John G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
States bear primary responsibility for care quality. The federal government has tried to address problem providers through a nationwide data bank, but the federal Employee Retirement Income Security Act statute bars state mandates for employer insurance plans to submit claims information needed for fuller portraits of provider care quality and costs. States regulate care quality both upstream by licensing and downstream by damage remedies. Some states do not license types of providers who could improve access to care, such as independent practice nurse practitioners. Some states use licensing to enforce ethical views, such as opposition to abortion. Downstream remedies such as liability for malpractice are inefficient ways to improve care quality; these also vary significantly across state lines. Telemedicine places increasing pressure on state-bounded licensure; some states are specifically prohibiting use of telehealth for abortion care. Ethically, providers in this fragmented environment face questions about what to tell patients about care quality or availability elsewhere.
End-of-Life Decisions—Convergence or Variation?
Authors: Francis Leslie P. , Francis John G. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Decisions at the end of life have been central to bioethics since the origin of the field. Reflecting religious or cultural histories, states initially took very different paths on issues such as withholding or withdrawing care. An advantage of federalism is that states can try out and learn from one another about initiatives such as advance directives, death by brain criteria, or medical aid in dying. Today, states have largely converged on some policies about advance decision-making but other differences remain. Several states permit objections to the definition of death by brain criteria, and only about a fifth of the states have adopted medical aid in dying. Given the importance of how life ends, people within a federal union should be free to move to seek out modes of care that are not available in their home state even though this may not be practical for many. Although states have largely agreed on the recognition of surrogate decisionmakers and advance directives, disagreements remain. Some states have worked out ways for providers and patients to act in ways that reflect differences of conscience, but more could do so.