bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Authentic Scientific Research and The Nature of Science Into the High School Classroom.
Authors: Strunk A. , Gamez Warble K. , Nemanich R. J. , Culbertson R. J. 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe true nature of scientific research, often neglected in science education and pre-service teacher training, is critical to student conceptual understanding of how science works. Many education students leave school with the naive view that science is a collection of facts rather than a dynamic process of inquiring into nature. The ASU Math and Science Teaching Fellows (MSTF) program gives in-service math and science teachers an opportunity to experience scientific research by immersion in active research groups in state-of-the-art laboratories. With a better understanding of what science looks like in actual research laboratories, these teachers implement direct instruction in the Nature of Science in their classrooms. Research that was conducted by teachers in a nanoscience laboratory and how they plan to implement their experiences into their high school classes will be presented.
Influence of chin height on perceived attractiveness in the orthognathic patient, layperson, and clinician
Authors: Naini Farhad B. , Donaldson Ana Nora A. , McDonald Fraser , Cobourne Martyn T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjective:To determine an objective and quantitative evaluation of how severity of chin height variations influence perceived attractiveness.Materials and Methods:The chin height of an idealized male and female frontal facial image was altered in 2.5-mm increments from −12.5 to 22.5 mm (male images) and from −10 to 20 mm (female images). These images were rated on a seven-point Likert scale by a preselected group of pretreatment orthognathic patients, clinicians, and laypeople.Results:The classical lower facial proportional canon of upper lip height as one third (33.3%), lower lip height as one third (33.3%) and chin height as one third (33.3%) of lower anterior face height (LAFH) may be used as an “ideal” proportional ratio. However, chin height variations within a given proportional range are largely unnoticed, ie, from approximately 30% chin height in relation to LAFH (male and female) up to approximately 40% (males) and 50% (females) chin height in relation to LAFH. Additionally, surgery is only desired with greater variations in chin height: greater than 50% and less than 20%–23% of LAFH in males, and greater than 58% and less than 20%–22% of LAFH in females. Patients and clinicians are more critical than laypeople, but no significant differences were found between clinicians and patients.Conclusions:In relation to the classical canon, surgical correction of chin height deformities are desired with chin height greater than 50% and less than 20%–23% of LAFH in males, and greater than 58% and less than 20%–22% of LAFH in females.
Complications of Tunneled Cuffed Hemodialysis Catheters in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Naoum Joseph J. , Weakley Sarah M. , Athamneh Husam , Kougias Panagiotis , Bechara Carlos F. , Lin Peter H. 
Published: July 2011

Purpose Although increased infectious and thrombotic complications have been reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), little is known regarding hemodialysis catheter-related complications in HIV patients. In this report, we reviewed our experience and complication rates for tunneled cuffed catheters (TCCs) in HIV patients requiring hemodialysis. Methods A total of 85 patients with HIV infection underwent TCC placement for hemodialysis between 1996 and 2009. Hospital records were reviewed to determine causes and risk factors for TCC-related complications in HIV patients. For comparison, we studied 85 age- and sex-matched low-risk HIV case controls who received TCC for hemodialysis during the same period. Results A total of 119 and 102 TCCs were inserted in the HIV and control group, respectively. Total numbers of catheter days in the HIV and control groups were 17,321 and 15,620 days, respectively. The primary unassisted TCC patency rates at 6 months in the HIV and control groups were 74% ± 11% and 86% ± 8%, respectively (NS). There was an increased TCC bacteremia rate in HIV patients compared with control subjects (5.38 vs. 2.66 per 1,000 TCC days, p=0.03). There was also a higher TCC tunnel infection rate in HIV patients compared with control cohorts (3.72 vs. 1.87 per 1,000 TCC days, p=0.04). Factors associated with increased catheter infection rate in HIV patients were 1) low CD4+ lymphocyte counts (<200/mm3), 2) low albumin level (<2.5 g/dl), and 3) history of illicit intravenous drug use. Conclusion TCCs are associated with an increased risk of infection in HIV patients requiring hemodialysis. Moreover, HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of mortality among hemodialysis patients. Hypoalbuminemia, history of intravenous drug use, and low CD4+ lymphocyte counts are associated with increased risk of catheter infection in HIV patients requiring hemodialysis.
Unité Rhumatologique des Affections de la Main (URAM) scale: Development and validation of a tool to assess Dupuytren's disease–specific disability
Authors: Beaudreuil Johann , Allard Anne , Zerkak Djamila , Gerber Robert A. , Cappelleri Joseph C. , Quintero Nathaly , Lasbleiz Sandra , Bernabé Brigitte , Orcel Philippe , Bardin Thomas ,   URAM Study Group
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo our knowledge, no functional outcome measure has been developed and validated for Dupuytren's disease. We aimed to develop and validate a patient‐reported functional outcome measure for Dupuytren's disease.MethodsPatients with Dupuytren's disease (n = 9) and medical experts (n = 7) provided input and opinions about limiting activities that were difficult to perform because of Dupuytren's disease for item generation. The provisional scale was studied in an independent sample of patients (n = 85) for item reduction according to response distribution, reliability, redundancy, and loading in a 1‐factor solution. The final scale was evaluated as follows: reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient from the previous 85‐patient population, and construct validity and responsiveness after needle aponeurotomy in another independent 53‐patient sample. For construct validity, convergent validity and divergent validity were tested. The clinically important change was estimated relative to a 1‐point categorical change on the Tubiana scale.ResultsA 52‐item provisional scale was generated and reduced to the final 9‐item scale called the Unité Rhumatologique des Affections de la Main (URAM) scale (total score 0–45). The scale showed good to excellent reliability and suitable construct validity. The URAM score improved after needle aponeurotomy: the standardized effect size was 0.56. The estimated clinically important change of the URAM scale was 2.9 points.ConclusionWe provide the first patient‐reported functional measure for Dupuytren's disease. The URAM scale demonstrated suitable psychometric properties, and is short and convenient enough for easy use in daily practice and in clinical studies.
Reducing prejudice in organizations: The role of intergroup contact, out‐group homogeneity, and in‐group size
Authors: Hee Florence , Finkelman Jay , Lopez Patricia Denise , Ensari Nurcan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis survey study investigated the direct and indirect relationships among intergroup contact, in‐group size, out‐group homogeneity, in‐group homogeneity, and prejudice. The participants were 299 White women from seven Catholic congregations in the United States. The survey results indicated that in‐group size was positively related to prejudice toward racial out‐group members. Intergroup contact also mediated the relationship between in‐group size and prejudice. Moreover, perceptions of out‐group homogeneity not only correlated positively with prejudice, but also mediated the relationship between quantity and quality of intergroup contact and prejudice. Finally, perceptions of in‐group homogeneity were positively associated with prejudice. These results not only demonstrate the value of the frequency and depth of intergroup contact on reducing prejudice, but also highlight the role of in‐group size in influencing opportunities for contact. Moreover, perceptions of heterogeneity/uniqueness of both in‐group and out‐group members appear to serve as mechanisms through which contact reduces prejudice.
Congruency between organizational service climate and personal values in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Kevin H. C. , Hui C. Harry , Wang Yongli 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe present study examined employees' service quality as a function of person–organization fit in terms of value congruence. A multilevel analysis was conducted on data collected on 518 Chinese employees in five service organizations. The results supported that employees' perception of service climate interacted with personal value for service. When there was congruence between personal value and perceived service climate, even when both characteristics were low, service quality was still higher than when the service climate was incongruous with the employees' own personal value. The results could be found only at the individual level and did not extend to the group level, where employees' perception of service climate was aggregated.
The effects of trust‐ and leadership‐based practices in virtual alliance outcomes
Authors: Preston‐Ortiz Dina 
Published: July 2011

AbstractOutsourcing increases supported by technology have led to the formation of virtual strategic partnerships. Historically, 70% to 75% of alliance partnerships fail because members are often competitors outside the alliance network. To address alliance failure, a Delphi study was conducted to identify the role of trust and alliance performance outcomes in the areas of contractual and management control, resource sharing, and network flexibility for the successful development of partnerships within the meeting and events industry. A three‐round Delphi study provided robust data that support the importance of trust in creating a platform of respect, increased partner cooperation, and understanding among stakeholders. The central finding of this Delphi study is that, in general, leadership‐based practices have a greater influence on virtual strategic‐alliance performance than trust‐based practices. Findings support a contingency approach to create a platform of respect, alliance vision, clear roles, and partner expectations to build trust. A majority of the expert panel included trust as a contributor to the collective performance of the alliance when alliance members work as a team to meet or exceed individual member's goals and net profit objectives. All expert panel responses to the six themes proposed on how trust among virtual strategic‐alliance members influences business operations and the performance of individual alliance members are presented in the study.
The problems with whistle‐blowing: U.S. v. Wailly
Authors: Malmstrom Frederick V. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWhistle‐blowing is traditionally a dangerous, unequal activity that pits the individual against his or her own organization. The author examines the 1975 U.S. Air Force Academy embezzlement case of U.S. v. Wailly, including the reluctance of numerous parties who allegedly disregarded advance warnings about Major Louis F. Wailly's criminal activities, as well as the subsequent organizational fallout from the affair. Survey data from 2,600 service academy graduates from 1959 to 2010, and a Volunteer Contribution Mechanism (VCM) experiment with 72 cadets discount the conventional wisdom that whistle‐blowing and loyalty are necessarily moral tradeoffs. Whistle‐blowing as a model of the suboptimal Nash equilibrium is also examined.
Measuring the successes and deficiencies of constant pH molecular dynamics: A blind prediction study
Authors: Williams Sarah L. , Blachly Patrick G. , McCammon J. Andrew 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA constant pH molecular dynamics method has been used in the blind prediction of pKa values of titratable residues in wild type and mutated structures of the Staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) protein. The predicted values have been subsequently compared to experimental values provided by the laboratory of García‐Moreno. CpHMD performs well in predicting the pKa of solvent‐exposed residues. For residues in the protein interior, the CpHMD method encounters some difficulties in reaching convergence and predicting the pKa values for residues having strong interactions with neighboring residues. These results show the need to accurately and sufficiently sample conformational space in order to obtain pKa values consistent with experimental results. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Attitudinal impact of hybridized writing about a socioscientific issue
Authors: Tomas Louisa , Ritchie Stephen M. , Tones Megan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe development of scientifically literate citizens remains an important priority of science education; however, growing evidence of students' disenchantment with school science continues to challenge the realization of this aim. This triangulation mixed methods study investigated the learning experiences of 152 9th grade students as they participated in an online science‐writing project on the socioscientific issue of biosecurity. Students wrote a series of hybridized scientific narratives, or BioStories, that integrate scientific information about biosecurity with narrative storylines. The students completed an online Likert‐style questionnaire, the BioQuiz, which examined selected aspects of their attitudes toward science and science learning, prior to their participation in the project, and upon completion of the writing tasks. Statistical analyses of these results and interview data obtained from participating students suggest that hybridized writing about a socioscientific issue developed more positive attitudes toward science and science learning, particularly in terms of the students' interest and enjoyment. Implications for research and teaching are also discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 878–900, 2011
The emergence of a learning progression in middle school chemistry
Authors: Johnson Philip , Tymms Peter 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPreviously, a small scale, interview‐based, 3‐year longitudinal study (ages 11–14) in one school had suggested a learning progression related to the concept of a substance. This article presents the results of a large‐scale, cross‐sectional study which used Rasch modeling to test the hypothesis of the learning progression. Data were collected from 4,450 students, aged 11–14, across 30 secondary schools in England using a computer‐based assessment instrument. The construction of the items was informed by the research literature on students' understanding in chemistry. One hundred seventy‐six fixed response items, in three formats, involving the use of video and animation were developed. Scored dichotomously, overall, the data show a good fit to the Rasch model. Item difficulties have a high degree of invariance across ability, schools, gender, and year group. Conceptually, when items are placed in order of difficulty, a coherent progression of ideas emerges which matches the expectations from the longitudinal study. The learning progression is presented. Independent, nationally standardized data allow tentative projection of student performance to the wider population in England. Implications for research and curriculum design are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 849–877, 2011
A structural equation model of conceptual change in physics
Authors: Taasoobshirazi Gita , Sinatra Gale M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA model of conceptual change in physics was tested on introductory‐level, college physics students. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships among variables linked to conceptual change in physics including an approach goal orientation, need for cognition, motivation, and course grade. Conceptual change in physics was determined using gains from pre‐ to post‐administration of the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). Results indicated that need for cognition and approach goals had a significant influence on motivation. Motivation influenced change scores on the FCI both directly, and indirectly, through course grade. Finally, course grade directly influenced conceptual change. The implications of these findings for future research and developing students' conceptual change in physics are discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 901–918, 2011
Reprint of “The developing oligodendrocyte: key cellular target in brain injury in the premature infant”
Authors: Volpe Joseph J. , Kinney Hannah C. , Jensen Frances E. , Rosenberg Paul A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBrain injury in the premature infant, a problem of enormous importance, is associated with a high risk of neurodevelopmental disability. The major type of injury involves cerebral white matter and the principal cellular target is the developing oligodendrocyte. The specific phase of the oligodendroglial lineage affected has been defined from study of both human brain and experimental models. This premyelinating cell (pre‐OL) is vulnerable because of a series of maturation‐dependent events. The pathogenesis of pre‐OL injury relates to operation of two upstream mechanisms, hypoxia‐ischemia and systemic infection/inflammation, both of which are common occurrences in premature infants. The focus of this review and of our research over the past 15–20 years has been the cellular and molecular bases for the maturation‐dependent vulnerability of the pre‐OL to the action of the two upstream mechanisms. Three downstream mechanisms have been identified, i.e., microglial activation, excitotoxicity and free radical attack. The work in both experimental models and human brain has identified a remarkable confluence of maturation‐dependent factors that render the pre‐OL so exquisitely vulnerable to these downstream mechanisms. Most importantly, elucidation of these factors has led to delineation of a series of potential therapeutic interventions, which in experimental models show marked protective properties. The critical next step, i.e., clinical trials in the living infant, is now on the horizon.
Reprint of “Early testosterone modulated sex differences in behavioral outcome following neonatal hypoxia ischemia in rats”
Authors: Hill C.A. , Threlkeld S.W. , Fitch R.H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHypoxia ischemia (HI; reduced blood oxygenation and/or flow to the brain) represents one of the most common injuries for both term and preterm/very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. These children experience elevated incidence of cognitive and/or sensory processing disabilities, including language based learning disabilities. Clinical data also indicate more substantial long‐term deficits for HI injured male babies as compared to HI injured females. Previously, we reported significant deficits in rapid auditory processing and spatial learning in male rats with postnatal day 1 (P1), P7, or P10 HI injury. We also showed sex differences in HI injured animals, with more severe deficits in males as compared to females. Given these findings, combined with extant clinical data, the current study sought to assess a putative role for perinatal testosterone in modulating behavioral outcome following early hypoxic‐ischemic injury in rats. Male, female, and testosterone‐propionate (TP) treated females were subjected to P7 HI or sham surgery, and subsequently (P30+) underwent a battery of auditory testing and water maze assessment. Results confirm previous reports of sex differences following HI, and add new findings of significantly worse performance in TP‐treated HI females compared to vehicle treated HI females. Post mortem anatomic analyses showed consistent effects, with significant brain weight decreases seen in HI male and TP‐treated HI females but not female HI or sham groups. Further neuromorphometric analysis of brain structures showed that HI male animals exhibited increased pathology relative to HI females as reflected in ventricular enlargement. Findings suggest that neonatal testosterone may act to enhance the deleterious consequences of early HI brain injury, as measured by both neuropathology and behavior.
Squatting After Primary Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Pilot Study Examining Differences Between Genders
Authors: Rossi Mark D. , Eberle Thomas , Roche Martin , Wong Marlon L. , Waggoner Matthew R. , Blake Robert , Burwell Brooke , Baxter Amy 
Published: July 2011

ObjectiveTo compare the weight bearing of men and women during standing and squatting after knee replacement surgery for osteoarthritis.DesignTwo‐group, single‐surgeon study with patients selected consecutively through a sample of convenience. Patients evaluated at first outpatient rehabilitation visit and at discharge from outpatient services.SettingOutpatient orthopedic institute.ParticipantsSeventeen women (average age, 71 years) and 16 men (69 years) who underwent primary unilateral knee replacement for osteoarthritis.Main Outcome MeasurementsPercentage of body weight placed over the surgical limb during standing and during 30° and 60° squats.ResultsThe men placed a greater percentage of body weight over the surgical limb during the 30° and 60° squats, both at the initial visit and at discharge. Both women and men had similar improvements with all dependent measurements.ConclusionThe magnitude of change for women and men was similar, yet percentage of body weight placed over the surgical limb in women was less than in men at the initial visit and did not match that in their male counterparts by discharge.
Iodine concentration of organic and conventional milk: implications for iodine intake
Authors: Bath Sarah C. , Button Suzanne , Rayman Margaret P. 
Published: July 2011

Iodine is required for adequate thyroid hormone production, which is essential for brain development, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy. Milk is the principal source of iodine in UK diets, and while small studies in Europe have shown organic milk to have a lower iodine concentration than conventional milk, no such study has been conducted in Britain. In view of the increasing popularity of organic milk in the UK, we aimed to compare the iodine concentration of retail organic and conventional milk and to evaluate regional influences in iodine levels. Samples of organic milk (n 92) and conventional milk (n 80), purchased from retail outlets in sixteen areas of the UK (southern England, Wales and Northern Ireland), were analysed for iodine using inductively coupled plasma MS. The region of origin of the milk was determined from information on the label. Organic milk was 42·1 % lower in iodine content than conventional milk (median iodine concentration 144·5 v. 249·5 ng/g; P < 0·001). There was no difference in the iodine concentration of either conventional or organic milk by area of purchase. However, a difference was seen in iodine concentration of organic milk by region of origin (P < 0·001). The lower iodine concentration of organic milk has public-health implications, particularly in view of emerging evidence of iodine deficiency in UK population sub-groups, including pregnant women. Individuals who choose organic milk should be aware that their iodine intake may be compromised and should ensure adequate iodine intake from alternative sources.