bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of polyethylene glycol adhesion barrier after gynecological laparoscopic surgery
Authors: ten Broek R. P. G. , Kok-Krant N. , Verhoeve H. R. , van Goor H. , Bakkum E. A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractPostoperative adhesions are the most frequent complication of peritoneal surgery, causing small bowel obstruction, female infertility and chronic pain. This pilot study assessed the efficacy of a sprayable polyethylene glycol (PEG) barrier in the prevention of de novo adhesions. 16 patients undergoing laparoscopic gynecological surgery were randomly assigned by shuffled sealed envelopes to receive either the adhesion barrier or no adhesion prevention. Incidence and severity of adhesions were scored at eight sites in the pelvis and reassessed by second look laparoscopy. Adhesion prevention was considered successful if no de novo adhesion were found at second look laparoscopy. One patient was excluded before randomization. Nine patients were randomized to treatment and six patients to control group. De novo adhesions were found in 0/9 patients who received the PEG barrier compared to 4/6 without adhesion prevention (0% vs. 67%, P = 0.01). Reduction in adhesion score was significantly greater in patients receiving PEG barrier (−2.6 vs. −0.06, P = 0.03). Meta-analysis of three randomized trials demonstrated that PEG barrier reduces the incidence of adhesions (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27; 95% CI 0.11–0.67). From this study, PEG barrier seems effective in reducing postoperative formation of de novo adhesions.
A Novel Approach for Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils by a Flow Injection System with Manual Injection
Authors: Ayyildiz H. Filiz , Kara Huseyin , Sherazi S. T. H. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractA non‐aqueous flow injection method for determining free fatty acid (FFA) content in corn and sunflower oil samples was developed. A single‐line manifold system was built by modification of an HPLC for flow injection analysis (FIA). Without pre‐treatment, oil samples were injected into a n‐propanol solution containing KOH and phenolphthalein (PHP). The main parameters, such as flow rate of carrier phase, length, geometry, inner diameters of the coils and reagent concentration were all optimized. The proposed FIA method was validated for precision, accuracy, linear region, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ). The intra‐ and inter‐day measurements of the precision of the method were found to be within the limits of acceptance criteria (RSD < 1%), and were rugged when the method was performed by a different analyst. The linear concentration range was calculated as 0.09–1.50 and 0.07–1.40 FFA% for corn and sunflower oils, correspondingly. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 7.53 × 10−4–2.28 × 10−3 oleic acid % and 7.11 × 10−4–2.23 × 10−3 oleic acid % for corn and sunflower oils, respectively. The results were compared with those obtained by the AOCS (Ca‐5a‐40) method using statistical t and F tests, and a significant difference was not observed between the methods at a 95% confidence level. The proposed method is suitable for quality control of routine applications due to its simplicity, high sample throughput, and economy of solvents and sample, offering considerable promise as a low cost analytical system that needs minimum human intervention over long periods of time.
Early Neogene Radiolarian Faunal Turnover in the Northern Indian Ocean: Evidence from Andaman-Nicobar
Authors: Sharma V. , Daneshian Jahanbakhsh , Devi L. Bhagyapati 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Two intervals of faunal turnover are revealed by the study of radiolarians from the Early to Middle Miocene sequence of Andaman-Nicobar belonging to Stichocorys wolffii -Calocycletta costata -Dorcadospyris alata zones. These faunal changes are reflected in the values of species diversity, change in abundance of taxa, origination and extinction events and change in radiolarian assemblages. One such faunal change is identified in the latest Early Miocene. The time of this faunal change is marked by the extinction of species like Carpocanopsis cingulata and appearance of Calocycletta costata, Giraffospyris toxaria, Acrocubus octopylus and Liriospyris parkerae, an increasing trend in percentage of cold water species and a decreasing trend in species diversity upwards. The interval coincides with the time of initiation of cooling of sea surface water. Another, and the most prominent faunal turnover of radiolarians is recognized in the Middle Miocene Dorcadospyris alata Zone at about 14.8-12.7 Ma and is characterized by almost complete disappearance of an earlier dominant assemblage and an increase in abundance of an assemblage that was practically absent in the older sequence. The time of this turnover can be correlated with the time of Middle Miocene cooling identified in the examined sequence.
Cleaning of the Ganga
Authors: Das Subhajyoti 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Ganga, the national river of India, is now sadly depleted in flow and utterly polluted due to construction of dams and barrages, discharge of untreated municipal and industrial wastes, floral offerings, cremation of dead bodies on its bank. Kanpur to Trighat is identified as the most polluted section of the river. This critical state of the river has been revealed in the paper based on an analysis of the published accounts and research results by various institutes and individuals. It also sheds light on the strategies and action plans to rejuvenate the Ganga to its pristine quality.
Toward role-based provisioning and access control for infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Authors: Shin Dongwan , Akkan Hakan , Claycomb William , Kim Kwanjoong 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Cloud computing has drawn much attention in recent years. One of its service models, called infrastructure as a service (IaaS), provides users with infrastructure services such as computation and data storage, heavily dependent upon virtualization techniques. Most of the current IaaS providers take the user-resource direct mapping approach for their business, where individual users are the only type of service consumer who can request and use virtualized resources as long as they pay for the usage. Therefore, in this approach, the users and virtual resources are centrally managed at the IaaS providers. However, this also results in the lack of support for scalable authorization management of users and resources, organization-level policy support, and flexible pricing for business users. Considering the increasing popularity and growing user base of cloud computing, there is a strong need for a more flexible IaaS model with a finer grained access control mechanism than the aforementioned all-or-nothing approach. In this paper we propose a domain-based, decentralized framework for provisioning and managing users and virtualized resources in IaaS. Specifically, an additional layer called domain is introduced to the user-resource direct mapping scheme, whereby de-centralization of user and resource management is facilitated. Our framework also allows the IaaS service provider to delegate its administrative routines to domains so that each domain is able to manage its users and virtualized resources allocated by the IaaS provider. Our domain-based approach offers benefits such as scalable user/resource management, domain-based security and governance policy support, and flexible pricing.
PROPERTY (FA) OF THE GAUSS–PICARD MODULAR GROUP
Authors: WANG JIEYAN , XIE BAOHUA 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this note, we prove that the Gauss–Picard modular groupPU(2,1;Θ1) has Property (FA). Our result gives a positive answer to a question by Stover [‘Property (FA) and lattices in SU(2,1)’,Internat. J. Algebra Comput.17(2007), 1335–1347] for the groupPU(2,1;Θ1).
Dietary patterns and risk of oesophageal cancers: a population-based case–control study
Authors: Ibiebele Torukiri I. , Hughes Maria Celia , Whiteman David C. , Webb Penelope M. 
Published: September 2011

Epidemiological studies investigating the association between dietary intake and oesophageal cancer have mostly focused on nutrients and food groups instead of dietary patterns. We conducted a population-based case–control study, which included 365 oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), 426 oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (OGJAC) and 303 oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases, with frequency matched on age, sex and geographical location to 1580 controls. Data on demographic, lifestyle and dietary factors were collected using self-administered questionnaires. We used principal component analysis to derive three dietary patterns: ‘meat and fat’, ‘pasta and pizza’ and ‘fruit and vegetable’, and unconditional logistic regression models to estimate risks of OAC, OGJAC and OSCC associated with quartiles (Q) of dietary pattern scores. A high score on the meat-and-fat pattern was associated with increased risk of all three cancers: multivariable-adjusted OR 2·12 (95 % CI 1·30, 3·46) for OAC; 1·88 (95 % CI 1·21, 2·94) for OGJAC; 2·84 (95 % CI 1·67, 4·83) for OSCC (P-trend < 0·01 for all three cancers). A high score on the pasta-and-pizza pattern was inversely associated with OSCC risk (OR 0·58, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·96,Pfor trend = 0·009); and a high score on the fruit-and-vegetable pattern was associated with a borderline significant decreased risk of OGJAC (OR for Q4v.Q1 0·66, 95 % CI 0·42, 1·04,P = 0·07) and significantly decreased risk of OSCC (OR 0·41, 95 % CI 0·24, 0·70,Pfor trend = 0·002). High-fat dairy foods appeared to play a dominant role in the association between the meat-and-fat pattern and risk of OAC and OGJAC. Further investigation in prospective studies is needed to confirm these findings.
Relative validity of a FFQ in measuring carbohydrate fractions, dietary glycaemic index and load: exploring the effects of subject characteristics
Authors: Kaartinen Niina E. , Tapanainen Heli , Valsta Liisa M. , Similä Minna E. , Reinivuo Heli , Korhonen Tommi , Harald Kennet , Eriksson Johan G. , Peltonen Markku , Männistö Satu 
Published: September 2011

FFQ require validation as part of epidemiological research of diet–disease relationships. Studies exploring associations between carbohydrate type and chronic diseases are rapidly increasing, but information on the validity of carbohydrate fractions, dietary glycaemic index (GI) and the glycaemic load (GL) estimated by FFQ is scarce. Likewise, the effects of subject characteristics on FFQ validity have been poorly documented. The present study evaluates the relative validity of an 131-item FFQ in relation to two 3 d food records (FR) performed 6 months apart focusing on the intake of carbohydrate fractions, dietary GI and the GL. Furthermore, we assessed the extent to which subjects' age, education and BMI explain differences between these methods. The study sample comprised 218 men and 292 women aged 25–74 years participating in a large population-based survey in Finland. Energy-adjusted Spearman's rank correlations ranged from 0·27 (sugars) to 0·70 (lactose) for men and from 0·37 (sugars) to 0·69 (lactose) for women. On average, 73 % of the subjects were categorised into the same or adjacent distribution quintile based on the two methods. In general, the FFQ overestimated the intakes compared with FR. Especially in women, FFQ validity for some nutrients was associated with the level of intake, subjects' age and, to a lesser extent, education but not BMI. In conclusion, the FFQ appears to be reasonably valid in the assessment of carbohydrate exposure variables, but the findings show a need for adjustment of diet–disease relationships for subjects' age and education.
A new class of restricted type spaces
Authors: Rodríguez-López Salvador , Soria Javier 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe find new properties for the space R(X), introduced by Soria in the study of the best constant for the Hardy operator minus the identity. In particular, we characterize when R(X) coincides with the minimal Lorentz space Λ(X). The condition that R(X) ≠ {0} is also described in terms of the embedding (L1, ∞ ∩ L∞) ⊂ X. Finally, we also show the existence of a minimal rearrangement-invariant Banach function space (RIBFS) X among those for which R(X) ≠ {0} (which is the RIBFS envelope of the quasi-Banach space L1, ∞ ∩ L∞).
Large Foreign Ownership and Firm-Level Stock Return Volatility in Emerging Markets
Authors: Li Donghui , Nguyen Quang N. , Pham Peter K. , Wei Steven X. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis study constructs a firm-level measure of large foreign ownership (LFO) and investigates its impact on stock return volatility in 31 emerging markets. We find a negative relationship between LFO and volatility, even after controlling for potential endogeneity and the impact of major domestic shareholders. This suggests a stabilizing role of LFO in emerging markets, which is consistent with previous suggestions in the literature on the strong commitments and potential monitoring role of large foreign shareholders. Overall, our study highlights the importance of recognizing the heterogeneity among foreign investors and the benefits of large foreign shareholders to emerging stock markets.
A Mayan ontology of poultry: Selfhood, affect, animals, and ethnography
Authors: Kockelman Paul 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article has three key themes: ontology (what kinds of beings there are in the world), affect (cognitive and corporeal attunements to such entities), and selfhood (relatively reflexive centers of attunement). To explore these themes, I focus on women's care for chickens among speakers of Q'eqchi' Maya living in the cloud forests of highland Guatemala. Broadly speaking, I argue that these three themes are empirically, methodologically, and theoretically inseparable. In addition, the chicken is a particularly rich site for such ethnographic research because it is simultaneously self, alter, and object for its owners. To undertake this analysis, I adopt a semiotic stance towards such themes, partly grounded in the writings of the American pragmatists Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and George Herbert Mead, and partly grounded in recent and classic scholarship by linguists, psychologists, and anthropologists. (Linguistic anthropology, political economy, ontology, affect, selfhood, animals, chickens, Mesoamerica, Maya, Q'eqchi')*
Signed languages and globalization
Authors: Hiddinga Anja , Crasborn Onno 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDeaf people who form part of a Deaf community communicate using a shared sign language. When meeting people from another language community, they can fall back on a flexible and highly context-dependent form of communication calledinternational sign, in which shared elements from their own sign languages and elements of shared spoken languages are combined with pantomimic elements. Together with the fact that there are few shared sign languages, this leads to a very different global language situation for deaf people as compared to the situation for spoken languages and hearing people as analyzed in de Swaan (2001). We argue that this very flexibility in communication and the resulting global communication patterns form the core of deaf culture and a key component of the characterization of deaf people as “visual people.” (Globalization, sign language, international sign, Deaf culture, language contact, multilingualism)*
The packing spectrum for Birkhoff averages on a self-affine repeller
Authors: REEVE HENRY W. J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe consider the multifractal analysis of Birkhoff averages of continuous potentials on a self-affine Sierpiński sponge. In particular, we give a variational principle for the packing dimension of the level sets. Furthermore, we prove that the packing spectrum is concave and continuous. We give a sufficient condition for the packing spectrum to be real analytic, but show that for general Hölder continuous potentials, this need not be the case. We also give a precise criterion for when the packing spectrum attains the full packing dimension of the repeller. Again, we present an example showing that this is not always the case.
Distribution and abundance of Chubut Steamerducks: an endemic species to Central Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: AGÜERO MARÍA LAURA , BORBOROGLU PABLO GARCÍA , ESLER DANIEL 
Published: September 2011

SummaryWe documented the breeding distribution and estimated abundance of Chubut SteamerducksTachyres leucocephalus,a flightless waterbird endemic to a relatively small section of coastline in Patagonia, Argentina. The distribution of Chubut Steamerducks is restricted to approximately 700 km of coast. We counted 1,703 adult steamerducks at a subset of shorelines within their range and estimated 1,841 adults after correcting for visibility for shore-based surveys. To estimate adult densities in unsurveyed areas, we used two different methods of extrapolation, resulting in estimates of 1,587 and 1,832 adults. Combined with numbers from surveyed shorelines, the total breeding population size is estimated to be between 3,428 and 3,673 adults. In addition, we counted 1,899 juvenile steamerducks, which occur in irregular aggregations. The Interjurisdictional Marine Park in San Jorge Gulf contains about 46% of the entire population, which may provide some protection from disturbance and habitat destruction. However, oil pollution, other anthropogenic activities, and invasive species still pose potential threats to the population.
Rewards can be used effectively with repeated exposure to increase liking of vegetables in 4–6-year-old children
Authors: Corsini Nadia , Slater Amy , Harrison Adam , Cooke Lucy , Cox David N 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether parents offering a sticker reward to their child to taste a vegetable the child does not currently consume is associated with improvements in children's liking and consumption of the vegetable.DesignA randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of exposure only (EO) and exposure plus reward (E + R), relative to a control group, on children's liking and consumption of a target vegetable. Assessments were conducted at baseline and 2 weeks from baseline (post-intervention). Follow-up assessments were conducted at 4 weeks and 3 months from baseline.SettingThe study took place in Adelaide, South Australia. Participants were self-selected in response to local media advertisements seeking to recruit parents finding it difficult to get their children to eat vegetables.SubjectsParticipants were 185 children (110 boys, seventy-five girls) aged 4–6 years and their primary caregiver/parent (172 mothers, thirteen fathers).ResultsThe E + R group was able to achieve more days of taste exposure. Both EO and E + R increased liking at post-intervention compared with control and no further change occurred over the follow-up period. All groups increased their intake of the target vegetable at post-intervention. Target vegetable consumption continued to increase significantly over the follow-up period for E + R and control but not for EO.ConclusionsThe findings provide support for the effectiveness of using a sticker reward with a repeated exposure strategy. In particular, such rewards can facilitate the actual tastings necessary to change liking.
Closed-Cell Foam Skin Thickness Measurement Using a Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Todd Clifford S. , Kuznetsova Valentina 
Published: September 2011

AbstractClosed cell polymer foam skin thickness can be assessed by taking backscatter electron (BSE) images in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at a series of accelerating voltages. Under a given set of experimental conditions, the electron beam mostly passes through thin polymer skin cell walls. That cell appears dark compared to adjacent thicker-skinned cells. Higher accelerating voltages lead to a thicker skin being penetrated. Monte Carlo modeling of beam-sample interactions indicates that at 5 keV, skin less than ∼0.5 μm in thickness will appear dark, whereas imaging at 30 keV allows skin thicknesses up to ∼4 μm to be identified. The distribution of skin thickness can be assessed over square millimeters of foam surface in this manner. Qualitative comparisons of the skin thicknesses of samples can be made with a simple visual inspection of the images. A semiquantitative comparison is possible by applying image analysis. The proposed method is applied to two example foams. Characterizing foam skin thickness by this method is possible using any SEM that is capable of collecting useful BSE images over a range of accelerating voltages. Imaging in low vacuum, where an electrically conductive metal coating is not required, leads to more sensitivity in skin thickness characterization.
Working for Parliamentarians, Contributing to Parliament
Authors: Dennison Madelaine 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMadelaine Dennison describes the work of the Oireachtas Library & Research Service (L&RS) and how it works for members of the Houses of the Oireachtas, the Irish parliament. The L&RS delivers a range of services to parliamentarians including a Legislative Analysis Service. Following a period of investment in the L&RS there is now a requirement to reduce costs while continuing to meet members' needs. A challenge for the L&RS is to become the research hub within parliament and the preferred information and research resource for members.
Reflections from George Woodman, MBE
Authors: Woodman George 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThis article takes the form of a short interview with George Woodman, Librarian at the Northern Ireland Assembly Library. The questions were posed by the LIM Editor. George was recently given Life Membership of BIALL and received the Wildy BIALL Law Librarian of the Year 2011 Award at the 2011 BIALL Annual Dinner in Newcastle. More significantly, George was awarded an MBE in HM The Queen's Birthday Honours 2010 in recognition of his services to the profession.
A Comparative Study of the Comprehensive System and a Psychoanalytic Sequence Analysis
Authors: Baba Reiko 
Published: September 2011

L’étude porte sur une comparaison entre deux méthodes d’interprétation d’un protocole de Rorschach: une interprétation selon le Système Intégré, et une analyse psychanalytique des réponses proposée par l’auteur. Les styles défensifs et adaptatifs majeurs du sujet se sont reflétés de manière évidente dans les deux approches, et l’interprétation des traits de personnalité était congruente. Les hypothèses concernant les désirs, en se fondant sur les représentation (contenus) parlantes du protocole, étaient aussi congruentes. Quelques points de désaccord sont cependant apparus: faut-il considérer les troubles qui ne sont pas suffisamment graves pour augmenter significativement les indices spéciaux du Système Intégré comme relevant d’un fonctionnement névrotique ou comme des manifestations des traits de personnalité de base; doit-on expliquer les attitudes contradictoires comme étant l’une une formation réactionnelle par rapport à l’autre; et comment interpréter le Type de Résonance Intime ambiéqual? On indique comment ces différences dérivent des différences dans les théories de la personnalité, dans la façon d’appliquer les données, et dans l’hypothèse interprétative concernant le Rorschach. La façon dont l’auteur emploie les opérations du Système Intégré dans son interprétation présente des avantages et des inconvénients, et il souligne qu’il existe une réelle continuité entre l’administration, le système de cotation, et l’interprétation propre à chaque approche. En outre, l’auteur met en avant le fait que, quelle que soit l’approche utilisée, l’aspect le plus difficile dans la pratique du Rorschach, celui qui fait tout particulièrement appel à son habileté, c’est l’élaboration d’une description de la personnalité à partir des informations que fournit chaque interprétation spécifique.