bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural, Magnetic Properties, and Hall Carrier Concentrations of (Co,Cu):ZnO Thin Films–The Role of Cu Ions and Annealing in Hydrogen
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Hanbin , He Qiong , Wang Xina , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2012

Using pulsed laser deposition, Zn0.92−xCo0.08CuxO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.107) thin films were prepared on Si (100) substrates. The effect of Cu codoping on the electrical and ferromagnetic properties of Co:ZnO thin films is investigated by annealing the thin films in oxygen and hydrogen atmospheres, respectively. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that the Co and Cu ions are incorporated into ZnO lattice. Hall measurements revealed that the electron concentration in the Zn0.92−xCo0.08CuxO thin film decreases with the increase of the Cu content. The as‐deposited Zn0.92−xCo0.08CuxO thin film displayed intrinsic room temperature ferromagnetism. After annealing in hydrogen, the saturation magnetization of the films increase progressively with Cu content until a maximum value of 26.5 emu/cm3 (0.86μB/Co) at 3.1 at.% Cu is obtained. Then the saturation magnetization drops off as the Cu content further increases. The change of magnetization of the films is attributed to the Cu codoping and variation of oxygen vacancies in the films.
Chemically Driven Zero Shrinkage Dielectric Ceramics
Authors: Choi Ik Jin , Hong Kyung Pyo , Jung Jae Woong , Cho Yong Soo 
Published: April 2012

A new approach of producing ~0% fired shrinkage of dielectric ceramics is introduced without using the known physically constraining interaction during firing. The combination of SiC and Al2O3 fillers with a typical calcium aluminoborosilicate glass demonstrated the potential of generating nearly zero shrinkage, presumably from the chemical reaction between the glass and SiC above a critical temperature. The sample with zero shrinkage, as exemplified with the composition of 25 wt% SiC, 25 wt% Al2O3, and 50 wt% glass, does not produce fully dense microstructure, but shows acceptable values of k (dielectric constant) ~7.4 and tanδ ~0.004 at 1 MHz. The achievement of the least shrinkage is found to be sensitive to the relative content of SiC and firing temperature.
Effect of scaling and root planing on interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐8 and MMP‐8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic periodontitis patients
Authors: Konopka Ł. , Pietrzak A. , Brzezińska‐Błaszczyk E. 
Published: April 2012

Konopka Ł, Pietrzak A, Brzezińska‐Błaszczyk E. Effect of scaling and root planing on interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐8 and MMP‐8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic periodontitis patients. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 681–688. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  There are few data concerning the effect of scaling and root planing on the levels of immune and inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis. Therefore, in this study the influence of scaling and root planing was determined on amounts of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐8 and MMP‐8 in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis, in relation to clinical parameters.Material and Methods:  A total of 51 patients were enrolled in this study. The study population consisted of 30 patients with generalized advanced chronic periodontitis, while 21 periodontally healthy subjects were recruited for the control group. The clinical parameters included approximal plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. The amounts of IL‐1β, IL‐8 and MMP‐8 in gingival crevicular fluid were measured by ELISA. Periodontal parameters as well as gingival crevicular fluid humoral factor amounts were evaluated in the control group and in chronic periodontitis patients at baseline and at 1 and 4 wk after scaling and root planing treatment.Results:  At baseline, there were significant differences between control subjects and chronic periodontitis patients in terms of clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, gingival index (p < 0.001) and approximal plaque index (p < 0.01). The amounts of IL‐1β, MMP‐8 (p < 0.001) and IL‐8 (p < 0.01) in gingival crevicular fluid were significantly lower in healthy subjects than in chronic periodontitis patients. Scaling and root planing led to improvement in all examined clinical parameters, apart from clinical attachment loss. Periodontal treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in the amounts of IL‐1β, IL‐8 and MMP‐8 in comparison to baseline, especially 4 wk after scaling and root planing (p < 0.001); however, the amounts of these humoral factors were still higher than those in control group.Conclusion:  Our observations indicated that short‐term nonsurgical therapy resulted in a significant improvement in periodontal indices and in a marked decrease of IL‐1β, IL‐8 and MMP‐8 gingival crevicular fluid levels. Nevertheless, no significant correlations were found between clinical parameters and amounts of humoral factors after therapy.
Patient education programs for childhood atopic dermatitis: who is interested?
Authors: Schut Christina , Mahmutovic Vensana , Gieler Uwe , Kupfer Jörg 
Published: April 2012

SummaryBackground: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disease which causes psychological distress to patients and their families. Patient education programs for childhood AD have positive effects on the severity of the skin disease as well as on psychological variables. So far it has not been determined whether particular patient characteristics lead to being interested in patient education programs. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to identify exploratory predictors of being interested in patient education programs in parents of children with atopic dermatitis.Patients and methods: A severity index (SCORAD) as well as questionnaire data were collected from 73 parents of children with AD to measure satisfaction with medical care, quality of life, coping strategies, and the subjective benefit of former treatments as possible predictors.Results: A regression analysis revealed that besides dissatisfaction with medical care, low social support and high active problem‐solving behavior were significant predictors of interest in patient education programs (R2= 0.244).Conclusions: Our study gives a preliminary indication that participation in a patient education program for childhood AD should be offered to parents without sufficient social support, but who would like to gather more information on coping with AD. This could also enhance satisfaction with the medical care provided.
Scaffoldless Tissue Engineering of Stem Cell Derived Cavernous Tissue for Treatment of Erectile Function
Authors: Orabi Hazem , Lin Guiting , Ferretti Ludovic , Lin Ching-Shwun , Lue Tom F. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
As one-third of erectile dysfunction (ED) patients do not respond to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, there is great demand for new therapeutic options. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent an ideal source for new ED treatment.

Aim
To test if ADSCs can be differentiated into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), if these differentiated cells can be used to engineer cavernous tissue, and if this engineered tissue will remain for long time after implantation and integrate into corporal tissue.

Method
Rat ADSCs were isolated and differentiated into SMC and ECs. The differentiated cells were labeled with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and used to construct cavernous tissue. This engineered tissue was implanted in penises of normal rats. The rats were sacrificed after 1 and 2 months; penis and bone marrow were collected to assess cell survival and inclusion in the penile tissues.

Main Outcome Measures
The phenotype conversion was checked using morphology, immunocytochemistry (immunohistochemistry [IHC]), and Western blot for SMC and EC markers. The cavernous tissue formation was assessed using rat EC antibody (RECA), calponin, and collagen. The implanted cell survival and incorporation into penis were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and IHC (RECA, calponin, and EdU).

Results
The phenotype conversion was confirmed with positive staining for SMC and EC markers and Western blot. The formed tissue exhibited architecture comparable to penile cavernous tissue with SMC and ECs and extracellular matrix formation. The implanted cells survived in significant numbers in the penis after 1 and 2 months. They showed proof of SMC and EC differentiation and incorporation into penile tissue.

Conclusions
The results showed the ability of ADSCs to differentiate into SMC and ECs and form cavernous tissue. The implanted tissue can survive and integrate into the penile tissues. The cavernous tissue made of ADSCs forms new technology for improvement of in vivo stem cell survival and ED treatment.
Profiling Characteristics of Men Who Use Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Based on Obtaining Patterns: Data from the Nationwide Japanese Population
Authors: Kimura Masaki , Shimura Satoru , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Tai Toshihiro , Chikano Yutaka , Baba Shiro , Kano Munehide , Nagao Koichi 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Worldwide, certain subsets of men bypass healthcare provider (HCP) interactions and obtain phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) from uncontrolled sources.

Aim
To stratify men who are PDE5i users based on their obtaining patterns and investigate the characteristics that differentiate these groups.

Methods
A Web-based observational study conducted between March and June 2009 in Japan.

Main Outcome Measures
We stratified the reported obtaining patterns into three categories: men who had a prescription for PDE5is from HCP, those who obtained PDE5is from friends, and those who purchased PDE5is via the Internet. Logistic regressions were conducted to determine independent predictors for each obtaining patterns. Erection function was evaluated by erection hardness score (EHS).

Results
Of 7,710 total recruited subjects, 1,144 men (14.8%) reported PDE5i use within the past year. Among 1,144 men, 625 men (54.6%) were prescribed PDE5i from HCP, whereas 267 men (23.4%) obtained PDE5i from friends and 252 men (22.0%) purchased PDE5i via the Internet. In a multivariable regression analyses, men being prescribed PDE5i from HCP were more likely to live in a northern area of Japan (OR 0.98), have a lower rate of smoking (OR 0.77), and have an awareness of ED (OR 3.04). In contrast, men who obtained PDE5i from friends were more likely to live in a southern area (OR 1.02), to have higher rate of alcohol intake and smoking (OR 1.20, OR 1.45), and lower awareness of ED (OR 0.39). Men purchasing PDE5i via the Internet were more likely to consider themselves to be in worse health (OR 0.85) and to have lower awareness of ED (OR 0.62).

Conclusions
Our results could help to identify men who may bypass HCP interactions. These findings could aid in the targeting of public service announcements designed to encourage men to avoid obtaining uncontrolled PDE5i and consult with HCPs to protect their health.
From Famine to Food Security: A New Agenda and Approach Must be Adopted  De la famine à la sécurité alimentaire : il faut adopter un nouvel ordre du jour et une approche nouvelle  Von der Hungersnot zur Ernährungssicherung: Eine neue Agenda und ein neuer Ansatz müssen her
Authors: Fan Shenggen , Olofinbiyi Tolulope 
Published: April 2012

summaryFrom Famine to Food Security: A New Agenda and Approach Must be AdoptedThe occurrences of two global food crises in 3 years as well as the recent dire situation in the Horn of Africa, which have attracted much policy attention, are stark reminders that the risk of catastrophic food crises, or famine, remains large. With rapid population growth and changing demographics, growing natural resource constraints, high and volatile food prices, rising energy prices, biofuel expansion, and climate change, global food security has become more difficult to achieve. Research, policy and practice continue to seek solutions to transit famine to sustained food security in many part of the world. While this article does not provide an exhaustive discussion about the actions needed to prevent recurring food crises and famine, it recommends a broad set of actions that are urgently needed. The actions, which must be implemented through a coordinated effort of global, national and local actors, are: i) scale‐up emergency assistance and productive social safety nets; ii) improve agricultural productivity and promote technological innovations; iii) establish innovative institutional mechanisms; iv) support country‐led strategies, fill knowledge gaps, and build capacity; and v) improve governance and tackle conflicts. Swift implementation of these actions is needed to effectively prevent recurring food crises on a large scale.
Indian Agriculture: Unfolding Structural Changes and their Relevance to the EU  L’agriculture indienne : les changements structurels en cours et leur intérêt pour l’Union européenne  Indische Landwirtschaft: Die Entwicklung des Strukturwandels und dessen Bedeutung für die EU
Authors: Gulati Ashok , Brouwer Floor , Ganguly Kavery 
Published: April 2012

summaryIndian Agriculture: Unfolding Structural Changes and their Relevance to the EUIndia has emerged from the global financial crisis registering an estimated GDP growth of 8.6 per cent in 2010–11. Following a severe drought in 2009 agricultural growth bounced back to 5.4 per cent in 2010–11. Inter‐state variations in agricultural performance – Gujarat is a front runner – can be explained by differences in investments in infrastructure, irrigation, R&D etc. There is potential to improve performance sustainably, keeping in view increasing stress on water resources and other environmental issues. More than 52 per cent of the workforce depends on agriculture, which accounts for 17 per cent of GDP. Per capita food expenditure averages more than 50 per cent of total expenditure. Overall income growth is triggering a shift in consumption from cereals to high‐value commodities. To meet demand shifts, India can either increase domestic production and/or participate more in world markets. The Indian agri‐food system is being transformed: farming is becoming integrated with input supplies, warehouse/logistics, processing and retailing, and the entire value chain is being streamlined. This is stimulating increased trade and investment opportunities in India. EU Member States may find opportunities in niche markets e.g. cheese, wine, olive oil, which are still in their infancy, or to invest in food technology, irrigation, farm management practices (especially dairy) or the development of sustainable value chains.
SELFLESS GENES, ALTRUISM AND TRAUMA: RESEARCH AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Music Graham 
Published: April 2012

abstractThis paper examines human altruism and helpfulness and discusses how this can be theorized within psychoanalytic discourses. The importance and ‘naturalness’ of altruistic tendencies is described, and the effects of adverse experiences such as abuse and neglect on these capacities are examined. The paper integrates psychoanalytic thinking with neuroscience, attachment and developmental research and describes research which suggests that altruism and helpfulness are maybe more ‘normally’ present from an earlier age than might have been thought. It is argued that there are a range of ‘co‐emerging’ capacities, such as empathy and understanding other minds, that lead to altruism and that in response to abuse and neglect such capacities often do not develop. Clinical example are used which describe patients who had suffered from adverse circumstances and who lacked empathy and altruistic tendencies, and some changes in them are illustrated.
A PROBLEM OF GUILT: AN EXPLORATION OF FEELINGS OF GUILT AS AN OBSTACLE TO PSYCHIC CHANGE
Authors: Hepburn Jan McGregor 
Published: April 2012

abstractThere are two processes which are both called guilt; feelings of remorse and wishes to make reparation which are in the service of development, and persecutory guilt which is experienced as crippling and pervasive but which cannot be mediated by forgiveness or reparation and is sterile and anti‐development. The author argues that in adult life these feelings are often not on a continuum but are essentially different internal systems. The main drivers for the acquisition and maintenance of persecutory guilt are discussed. Persecutory guilt is a considerable obstacle to internal change and needs to be replaced by the feelings which lead towards reparation if there is to be progress; such progress can be disallowed because the patient feels too worthless to be reprieved. The paper uses examples from a psychotherapy group to illustrate the points.
IS THERE TIME ENOUGH? ETHICAL DILEMMAS INHERENT IN OFFERING TIME‐LIMITED WORK IN THE UNIVERSITY
Authors: Hallett Caroline 
Published: April 2012

abstractThis paper examines ethical dilemmas confronting the analytic practitioner working in student counselling in higher education. The author explores the institutional ambivalence that a university counselling service may evoke, especially at times of reduced resources and survival anxiety. Challenging aspects of the practitioner's work include the difficulty of responding to increased levels of psychological disturbance amongst students in the face of a reduction of time resources. The impact of time constraints is illustrated in a number of harrowing case examples, showing how expectations of psychological help for vulnerable students may not be possible to meet. The ethical basis for raising such expectations is brought into question.
America’s Rivers and the American Experiment1
Authors: Doyle Martin W. 
Published: April 2012

Doyle, Martin W., 2012. America’s Rivers and the American Experiment. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(4): 820‐837. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00652.xAbstract: America’s rivers are managed, over long periods of time, based on the most basic ideologies of the United States (U.S.) government. An essential notion of the U.S. government, and thus a necessity of river management, is governing as experiment. This leads to three necessary characteristics of river management: (1) adapting management practices based on experience and thus creating management and agency structures that are highly malleable and that can change directions, (2) overlapping of management roles and responsibilities between agencies which includes intentional redundancy and interagency competition, and (3) federalism — the devolution of responsibilities between national, state, and other unit governments (e.g., municipalities, counties). While these characteristics are often criticized as inefficient, in fact they have provided a surprisingly effective system for river management that has responded to the needs of society at different times and in different places. A key question for river and water resource managers is whether this particular system, so initially unappealing, is best able to meet the future needs of the U.S.
High‐throughput microsatellite marker development in two sparid species and verification of their transferability in the family Sparidae
Authors: REID KERRY , HOAREAU THIERRY B. , BLOOMER PAULETTE 
Published: April 2012

AbstractRecently, 454 sequencing has emerged as a popular method for isolating microsatellites owing to cost‐effectiveness and time saving. In this study, repeat‐enriched libraries from two southern African endemic sparids (Pachymetopon blochii and Lithognathus lithognathus) were 454 GS‐FLX sequenced. From these, 7370 sequences containing repeats (SCRs) were identified. A brief survey of 23 studies showed a significant difference between the number of SCRs when enrichment was performed first before 454 sequencing. We designed primers for 302 unique fragments containing more than five repeat units and suitable flanking regions. A fraction (<11%) of these loci were characterized with 18 polymorphic microsatellite loci (nine in each of the focal species) being described. Sanger sequencing of alleles confirmed that size variation was because of differences in the number of tandem repeats. However, a case of homoplasy and sequencing errors in the 454 sequencing were identified. These newly developed and four previously isolated loci were successfully used to identify polymorphic markers in nine other economically important species, representative of sparid diversity. The combination of newly developed markers with data from previous sparid cross‐species studies showed a significant negative correlation between genetic divergence to focal species and microsatellite transferability. The high level of transferability we described (48% amplification success and 32% polymorphism) suggests that the 302 microsatellite loci identified represent an excellent resource for future studies on sparids. Microsatellite marker development should commonly include tests of transferability to reduce costs and increase feasibility of population genetics studies in nonmodel organisms.
Femtosecond (FS) laser vision correction procedure for moderate to high myopia: a prospective study of ReLEx® flex and comparison with a retrospective study of FS‐laser in situ keratomileusis
Authors: Vestergaard Anders , Ivarsen Anders , Asp Sven , Hjortdal Jesper Ø. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To present our initial clinical experience with ReLEx® flex (ReLEx) for moderate to high myopia. We compare efficacy, safety and corneal higher‐order aberrations after ReLEx with femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS‐LASIK).Methods:  Prospective study of ReLEx compared with a retrospective study of FS‐LASIK. ReLEx is a new keratorefractive procedure, where a stromal lenticule is cut by a femtosecond laser and manually extracted. Forty patients were treated with ReLEx on both eyes. A comparable group of 41 FS‐LASIK patients were retrospectively identified. Visual acuity, spherical equivalent (SE) and corneal tomography were measured before and 3 months after surgery.Results:  Preoperative SE averaged −7.50 ± 1.16 D (ReLEx) and −7.32 ± 1.09 D (FS‐LASIK). For all eyes, mean corrected distance visual acuity remained unchanged in both groups. For eyes with emmetropia as target refraction, 41% of ReLEx and 61% of FS‐LASIK eyes had an uncorrected distance visual acuity of logMAR ≤ 0.10 at day 1 after surgery, increasing to, respectively, 88% and 69% at 3 months. Mean SE was −0.06 ± 0.35 D 3 months after ReLEx and −0.53 ± 0.60 D after FS‐LASIK. The proportion of eyes within ±1.00 D after 3 months was 100% (ReLEx) and 85% (FS‐LASIK). For a 6.0‐mm pupil, corneal spherical aberrations increased significantly less in ReLEx than FS‐LASIK eyes.Conclusions:  ReLEx is an all‐in‐one femtosecond laser refractive procedure, and in this study, results were comparable to FS‐LASIK. Refractive predictability and corneal aberrations at 3 months seemed better than or equal to FS‐LASIK, whereas visual recovery after ReLEx was slower.