bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ending groundwater overdraft without affecting food security
Authors: Perez Nicostrato , Singh Vartika , Ringler Claudia , Xie Hua , Zhu Tingju , Sutanudjaja Edwin H. , Villholth Karen G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGroundwater development is key to accelerating agricultural growth and to achieving food security in a climate crisis. However, the rapid increase in groundwater exploitation over the past four decades has resulted in depletion and degradation, particularly in regions already facing acute water scarcity, with potential irreversible impacts for food security and economic prosperity. Using a climate–water–food systems modelling framework, we develop exploratory scenarios and find that halting groundwater depletion without complementary policy actions would adversely affect food production and trade, increase food prices and grow the number of people at risk of hunger by 26 million by 2050. Supportive policy interventions in food and water systems such as increasing the effective use of precipitation and investments in agricultural research and development could mitigate most negative effects of sustainable groundwater use on food security. In addition, changing preferences of high-income countries towards less-meat-based diets would marginally alleviate pressures on food price. To safeguard the ability of groundwater systems to realize water and food security objectives amidst climate challenges, comprehensive measures encompassing improved water management practices, advancements in seed technologies and appropriate institutions will be needed.
Deep Kernel learning for reaction outcome prediction and optimization
Authors: Singh Sukriti , Hernández-Lobato José Miguel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecent years have seen a rapid growth in the application of various machine learning methods for reaction outcome prediction. Deep learning models have gained popularity due to their ability to learn representations directly from the molecular structure. Gaussian processes (GPs), on the other hand, provide reliable uncertainty estimates but are unable to learn representations from the data. We combine the feature learning ability of neural networks (NNs) with uncertainty quantification of GPs in a deep kernel learning (DKL) framework to predict the reaction outcome. The DKL model is observed to obtain very good predictive performance across different input representations. It significantly outperforms standard GPs and provides comparable performance to graph neural networks, but with uncertainty estimation. Additionally, the uncertainty estimates on predictions provided by the DKL model facilitated its incorporation as a surrogate model for Bayesian optimization (BO). The proposed method, therefore, has a great potential towards accelerating reaction discovery by integrating accurate predictive models that provide reliable uncertainty estimates with BO.
The Noise Reduction Algorithm May Not Compensate for the Degradation in Output Signal-to-Noise Ratio Caused by Wide Dynamic Range Compression
Authors: Yun Donghyeon , Lentz Jennifer , Shen Yi 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
Most modern hearing aids (HAs) employ wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) and noise reduction (NR) algorithms. It is known that the nonlinear effects of WDRC and NR cause changes to the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an HA. However, the relative contributions of WDRC and NR to the nonlinear effects are not fully understood. The current study investigated (a) whether WDRC or NR dominates the nonlinear effects measured at the output of a digital HA and (b) whether the electroacoustic effectiveness of NR depends on WDRC parameters while input SNR and background noise are systematically varied.

Method:
Test stimuli were Connected Speech Test sentences in multitalker babble noise (2- or 20-talker), presented at input SNRs ranging from −10 to +10 dB. The HA was programmed using multiband WDRC set according to the National Acoustic Laboratories for Nonlinear HA fitting formula 2 prescriptive fits for four standard audiograms and two compression speeds. The NR algorithm of the HA was switched on or off in separate conditions. Nonlinear electroacoustic effects from the WDRC and NR algorithms were assessed by measuring the output SNR of the HA using a phase-inversion technique. To investigate whether there are other factors that may be important besides the output SNR, the Hearing Aid Speech Intelligibility Index and the Hearing Aid Speech Quality Index were applied to the recordings to generate inferences on aided speech intelligibility and perceived speech quality.

Results:
Results showed that WDRC dominated the net nonlinear effect at low-input SNRs, and the net nonlinear effect of WDRC and NR was reduced at high-input SNRs. Results also showed that the effectiveness of NR depended on compression parameters. The effectiveness of NR was partially explained by the trend of Hearing Aid Speech Intelligibility Index and Hearing Aid Speech Quality Index scores, potentially indicating that the Hearing Aid Speech Intelligibility Index and Hearing Aid Speech Quality Index scores may capture factors that cannot be captured by the output SNR metric.

Conclusions:
Results suggest that the individual signal-processing stages in an HA should not be considered as independent. Electroacoustic evaluation of WDRC and NR algorithms in isolation is not sufficient to capture the combined nonlinear effect of the two algorithms.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25962541
Automated Analysis of Fluency Behaviors in Aphasia
Authors: Fromm Davida , Chern Steffi , Geng Zihan , Kim Mason , Greenhouse Joel , MacWhinney Brian 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
This study explored the use of an automated language analysis tool, FLUCALC, for measuring fluency in aphasia. The purpose was to determine whether CLAN's FLUCALC command could produce efficient, objective outcome measures for salient aspects of fluency in aphasia.

Method:

The FLUCALC command was used on CHAT transcripts of Cinderella stories from people with aphasia (PWA;
n
= 281) and controls (
n
= 257) in the AphasiaBank database.

Results:
PWA produced significantly fewer total words, fewer words per minute, more pausing, more repetitions, more revisions, and more phonological fragments than controls, with only one exception: The Wernicke's group was similar to the control group in percentage of filled pauses. Individuals with Broca's aphasia had significantly longer inter-utterance pauses and fewer total words than all other aphasia groups. Both the Broca's and conduction aphasia groups had higher percentages of phrase repetitions than the NABW (NotAphasicByWAB) group. The conduction aphasia group also had a higher percentage of phrase revisions than the NABW and the anomic aphasia groups. Principal components analysis revealed two principal components that accounted for around 60% of the variance and related to quantity of output, rate of speech, and quality of output. The Gaussian mixture models showed that the participants clustered in three groups, which corresponded predominantly to the controls, the nonfluent aphasia group, and the remaining aphasia groups (all classically fluent aphasia types).

Conclusions:
FLUCALC is an efficient way to measure objective fluency behaviors in language samples in aphasia. Automated analyses of objective fluency behaviors on large samples of adults with and without aphasia can produce measures that can be used by researchers and clinicians to better understand and track salient aspects of fluency in aphasia.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25979863
Star-by-star dynamical evolution of the physical pair of the Collinder 135 and UBC 7 open clusters
Authors: Ishchenko Maryna , Kovaleva Dana A. , Berczik Peter , Kharchenko Nina V. , Piskunov Anatoly E. , Polyachenko Evgeny , Postnikova Ekaterina , Just Andreas , Borodina Olga , Omarov Chingis , Sobodar Olexandr 
Published: June 2024

Context. In a previous paper using Gaia DR2 data, we demonstrated that the two closely situated open clusters Collinder 135 and UBC 7 might have formed together about 50 Myr ago.
Aims. In this work, we performed star-by-star dynamical modelling of the evolution of the open clusters Collinder 135 and UBC 7 from their supposed initial state to their present-day state, reproducing observational distributions of members.
Methods. Modelling of the Collinder 135 and UBC 7 dynamical evolution was done using the high-order parallel N-body code φ-GPU with up-to-date stellar evolution. Membership and characteristics of the clusters were acquired based on Gaia DR3 data.
Results. The comparison of the present-day radial cumulative star count obtained from the N-body simulations with the current observational data gave us full consistency of the model with observational data, especially in the central 8 pc, where 80% of the stars reside. The proper motion velocity components obtained from the N-body simulations of the stars are also quite consistent with the observed distributions and error bars.
Conclusions. These results show that our numerical modelling is able to reproduce the open clusters’ current complex 6D observed phase-space distributions with a high level of confidence. Thus, the model demonstrates that the hypothesis of a common origin of Collinder 135 and UBC 7 complies with present-day observational data.
Candidate young stellar objects in the S-cluster: Kinematic analysis of a subpopulation of the low-mass G objects close to Sgr A*
Authors: Peißker F. , Zajaček M. , Melamed M. , Ali B. , Singhal M. , Dassel T. , Eckart A. , Karas V. 
Published: June 2024

Context. The observation of several L-band emission sources in the S cluster has led to a rich discussion of their nature. However, a definitive answer to the classification of the dusty objects requires an explanation for the detection of compact Doppler-shifted Brγ emission. The ionized hydrogen in combination with the observation of mid-infrared L-band continuum emission suggests that most of these sources are embedded in a dusty envelope. These embedded sources are part of the S-cluster, and their relationship to the S-stars is still under debate. To date, the question of the origin of these two populations has been vague, although all explanations favor migration processes for the individual cluster members.
Aims. This work revisits the S-cluster and its dusty members orbiting the supermassive black hole Sgr A* on bound Keplerian orbits from a kinematic perspective. The aim is to explore the Keplerian parameters for patterns that might imply a nonrandom distribution of the sample. Additionally, various analytical aspects are considered to address the nature of the dusty sources.
Methods. Based on the photometric analysis, we estimated the individual H − K and K − L colors for the source sample and compared the results to known cluster members. The classification revealed a noticeable contrast between the S-stars and the dusty sources. To fit the flux-density distribution, we utilized the radiative transfer code HYPERION and implemented a young stellar object Class I model. We obtained the position angle from the Keplerian fit results; additionally, we analyzed the distribution of the inclinations and the longitudes of the ascending node.
Results. The colors of the dusty sources suggest a stellar nature consistent with the spectral energy distribution in the near and mid-infrared domains. Furthermore, the evaporation timescales of dusty and gaseous clumps in the vicinity of Sgr A* are much shorter (≪2 yr) than the epochs covered by the observations (≈15 yr). In addition to the strong evidence for the stellar classification of the D-sources, we also find a clear disk-like pattern following the arrangements of S-stars proposed in the literature. Furthermore, we find a global intrinsic inclination for all dusty sources of 60 ± 20°, implying a common formation process.
Conclusions. The pattern of the dusty sources manifested in the distribution of the position angles, inclinations, and longitudes of the ascending node strongly suggests two different scenarios: the main-sequence stars and the dusty stellar S-cluster sources share a common formation history or migrated with a similar formation channel in the vicinity of Sgr A*. Alternatively, the gravitational influence of Sgr A* in combination with a massive perturber, such as a putative intermediate mass black hole in the IRS 13 cluster, forces the dusty objects and S-stars to follow a particular orbital arrangement.
Lichtdermatosen
Authors: Troyanova-Slavkova Svetoslava 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff Lichtdermatosen beschreibt eine heterogene Gruppe von Hauterkrankungen, die durch die Einwirkung von ultravioletter oder sichtbarer Sonnenstrahlung ausgelöst oder verschlimmert wird 1. Echte Lichtdermatosen sind Krankheiten, die durch abnormale Reaktionen auf Sonnenlicht verursacht werden. Ungewöhnliche Reaktionen wie diese müssen von gewöhnlichen Reaktionen auf Sonnenlicht wie Sonnenbrand unterschieden werden 2. Photodermatosen betreffen Menschen in jeder Altersgruppe. Eine oft schwierige Diagnosesicherung ist wichtig, um mit präziser Therapie den jeweils individuellen Sonnenschutz zu erreichen.Mit der Einteilung von primären und sekundären Lichtdermatosen werden grundsätzlich auch akute und chronische Verlaufsformen unterschieden. Primäre Lichtdermatosen sind eine eigene Krankheitsentität und werden durch photosensibilisierende Substanzen hervorgerufen. Bei unbekannter Ätiologie spricht man von idiopathischen primären Lichtdermatosen. Die sekundären Lichtdermatosen sind die Folge von anderen Grunderkrankungen, z.B. von Stoffwechselerkrankungen oder Gendefekten 3.Mit dem folgenden Artikel soll dem Leser zu einem besseren Verständnis von Diagnostik und
Therapie der primären Lichtdermatosen verholfen werden.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound features of hepatic angiomyolipoma:
comparison with AFP-negative and non-viral hepatocellular
carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yafang , Guo Zhi-xing , Liao Ying , Yu Yiwen , Guo Ruohan , Han Xu , Lan Lilong , Zhou Jianhua 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to compare contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)
features of hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML) and challenging cases of HCC, mainly
those with no hepatitis infection but also with a low level of AFP (non-viral
AFP- HCC).
Materials and Methods The study included pathologically confirmed HAMLs
and non-viral AFP- HCCs undergoing CEUS from 2012 to 2023. Sonovue (SV) CEUS and
Sonazoid (SZ) CEUS characteristics of the two groups were compared.
Results The study included 50 HAMLs (24% on SZ-CEUS) and 88 non-viral AFP-
HCCs (21.6% on SZ-CEUS). The CEUS characteristics on SZ-CEUS were similar to
those on SV-CEUS to a certain extent. HAMLs more frequently displayed no washout
and partial washout with partial no washout, so-called PWNW, in the late phase
and post-vascular phase, whereas HCCs more commonly exhibited mild washout. In
the post-vascular phase, all non-viral AFP- HCCs exhibited washout, thereby
facilitating differentiation from no-washoutHAMLs, superior to SV-CEUS, where
some non-viral AFP- HCCs still exhibited no washout in late phase that could not
be distinguished from HAMLs. It is noteworthy that PWNW was exclusively found in
nodules exhibiting hyper- and hypoechoic separation of the nodules, and hyper-
and hypoechoic separation of HAMLs in the post-vascular phase on SZ-CEUS
demonstrated PWNW more frequently compared to the late phase, which can
potentially help distinguish nodules with hyper- and hypoechoic separation as
either HAML or non-viral AFP- HCC. Conclusion: This study highlighted the
usefulness of SV- and SZ-CEUS for distinguishing HAML and non-viral AFP- HCC and
filled in existing gaps regarding the SZ-CEUS features of HAML.
Speech Outcomes after Delayed Hard Palate Closure and Synchronous Secondary Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients with Cleft Lip, Alveolus and Palate
Authors: Haj Mona , Hakkesteegt S.N. , Poldermans H.G. , de Gier H.H.W. , Versnel S.L. , Wolvius E.B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background The best timing of closure of the hard palate in individuals with cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (CLAP) to reach the optimal speech outcomes and maxillary growth is still a subject of debate. This study evaluates changes in compensatory articulatory patterns and resonance in patients with unilateral and bilateral CLAP who underwent simultaneous closure of the hard palate and secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG).
Methods A retrospective study of patients with nonsyndromic unilateral and bilateral CLAP who underwent delayed hard palate closure (DHPC) simultaneously with ABG at 9 to 12 years of age from 2013 to 2018. The articulatory patterns, nasality, degree of hypernasality, facial grimacing, and speech intelligibility were assessed pre- and postoperatively.
Results Forty-eight patients were included. DHPC and ABG were performed at the mean age of 10.5 years. Postoperatively hypernasal speech was still present in 54% of patients; however, the degree of hypernasality decreased in 67% (p < 0.001). Grimacing decreased in 27% (p = 0.015). Articulation disorders remained present in 85% (p = 0.375). Intelligible speech (grade 1 or 2) was observed in 71 compared with 35% of patients preoperatively (p < 0.001).
Conclusion This study showed an improved resonance and intelligibility following DHPC at the mean age of 10.5 years, however compensatory articulation errors persisted. Sequential treatments such as speech therapy play a key role in improvement of speech and may reduce remaining compensatory mechanisms following DHPC.
Normative Radiographic Measurements of Scaphoid in a Sample Indian Population
Authors: Bhat Anil K. , G. Mithun Pai , Singh Amanpreet 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Wrist parameters measured on direct radiography are essential in diagnosing scaphoid-related pathologies and treatment. Although computed tomography has been used to establish normative for scaphoid measurement, no research has focused on Indian norms. This study aimed to determine the distribution and normal limits of parameters measured in our population's posteroanterior (PA) and direct lateral radiographs of the wrist.
Materials and Methods Two investigators conducted a prospective analysis of normal wrist radiographs in a single center. Radiology information system-picture archiving and communication system was used to collect standard digitized normal X-rays without significant osseous pathology over a year. The sample size was 600, distributed among age groups 18 to 30, 31 to 50, and 51 years and above. Scaphoid length, scaphoid width, scapholunate ratio, and scapholunate distance using both Cautilli and Gilula techniques were measured on a PA view, and scapholunate, radioscaphoid, and intrascaphoid angles were measured on a lateral view. As the lunate morphology is supposed to affect carpal kinematics with the scaphoid, the same was evaluated using the Viegas classification.
Results A total of eight measurements were documented. Scaphoid length, scaphoid width measurements, and lateral intrascaphoid angle were more in males than in females and were found to be statistically significant. No other parameters showed any significance in terms of age and relation to lunate morphology.
Conclusion The study offers a comprehensive analysis of measuring parameters specific to the Indian population. For the first time, the measurement of scapholunate distance was conducted utilizing two distinct methodologies. The normative intrascaphoid angle range and clinical implications were determined.
A high-level ab initio study of the photodissociation of acetaldehyde
Authors: Jaddi A. , Marakchi K. , Zanchet A. , García-Vela A. 
Published: June 2024

Acetaldehyde is a very relevant atmospheric species whose photodissociation has been extensively studied in the first absorption band both experimentally and theoretically. Very few works have been reported on acetaldehyde photodissociation at higher excitation energies. In this work, the photodissociation dynamics of acetaldehyde is investigated by means of high-level multireference configuration interaction ab initio calculations. Five different fragmentation pathways of acetaldehyde are explored by calculating the potential-energy curves of the ground and several excited electronic states along the corresponding dissociating bond distances. The excitation energy range covered in the study is up to 10 eV, nearly the ionization energy of acetaldehyde. We intend to rationalize the available experimental results and, in particular, to elucidate why some of the studied fragmentation pathways are experimentally observed in the different excitation energy regions and some others are not. Based on the shape of the calculated potential curves, we are able to explain the main findings of the available experiments, also suggesting possible dynamical dissociation mechanisms in the different energy regions. Thus, the reported potential curves are envisioned as a useful tool to interpret the currently available experiments as well as future ones on acetaldehyde photodissociation at excitation wavelengths in the range studied here.
Vibrational energy relaxation in shock-heated CO/N2/Ar mixtures
Authors: He Dong , Hong Qizhen , Pirani Fernando , Li Renjie , Li Fei , Sun Quanhua , Si Ting , Luo Xisheng 
Published: June 2024

Experimental and numerical studies were performed on the vibrational energy relaxation in shock-heated CO/N2/Ar mixtures. A laser absorption technique was applied to the time-dependent rovibrational temperature time-history measurements. The vibrational relaxation data of reflected-shock-heated CO were summarized at 1720–3230 K. In shock-tube experiments, the rotational temperature of CO quickly reached equilibrium, whereas a relaxation process was found in the time-dependent vibrational temperature. For the mixture with 1.0% CO and 10.0% N2, the vibrational excitation caused a decrease in the macroscopic thermodynamic temperature of the test gas. In the simulations, the state-to-state (StS) approach was employed, where the vibrational energy levels of CO and N2 are treated as pseudo-species. The vibrational state-specific inelastic rate coefficients of N2–Ar collisions were calculated using the mixed quantum–classical method based on a newly developed three-dimensional potential energy surface. The StS predictions agreed well with the measurements, whereas deviations were found between the Schwartz–Slawsky–Herzfeld formula predictions and the measurements. The Millikan–White vibrational relaxation data of the N2–Ar system were found to have the most significant impact on the model predictions via sensitivity analysis. The vibrational relaxation data of the N2–Ar system were then modified according to the experimental data and StS results, providing an indirect way to optimize the vibrational relaxation data of a specific system. Moreover, the vibrational distribution functions of CO and N2 and the effects of the vibration–vibration–translation energy transfer path on the thermal nonequilibrium behaviors were highlighted.