bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Response of Salmon Populations to Geomorphic Measurements at Three Scales
Authors: Bryant M. D. , Woodsmith R. D. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Protocols to assess stream channel response to disturbances often focus on physical aspects of the stream at the reach scale without measurements of fish populations. In this study, estimates of juvenile salmon abundance in 511 habitat units within 25 reaches of 12 streams were made over 4 years and juxtaposed with measurements of physical habitat at the habitat unit, reach, and watershed scales. Fish ranged in size from about 50 to 160 mm fork length. The amount of variation among densities differed by species and geographic scale. For most species, the habitat unit scale accounted for the most variation. Relationships between salmon density and measurements at the habitat unit scale varied. At the reach scale, we observed a negative relationship between abundance of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch parr and number of pools. A positive relationship appeared between coho salmon parr and large wood. At the watershed scale, a positive relationship was observed between coho salmon parr and valley morphology. Valley morphology also entered the model for cutthroat trout O. clarkii. Differences in salmonid densities observed between northern and southern watersheds were attributed to differences in landforms, geology, and soils among islands in southeast Alaska. Simple habitat measures, such as pool counts, were not good predictors of fish abundance. However, geomorphic measures from multiple scales that are accompanied by estimates of fish abundance can provide managers with an integrated picture of watershed productivity and a better means to evaluate features that influence productivity.
A Synthesis of Cisco Recovery in Lake Superior: Implications for Native Fish Rehabilitation in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Stockwell Jason D. , Ebener Mark P. , Black Jeff A. , Gorman Owen T. , Hrabik Thomas R. , Kinnunen Ronald E. , Mattes William P. , Oyadomari Jason K. , Schram Stephen T. , Schreiner Donald R. , Seider Michael J. , Sitar Shawn P. , Yule Daniel L. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Populations of cisco Coregonus artedi in the Laurentian Great Lakes supported large-scale commercial fisheries and were the primary forage of piscivores during the first half of the 20th century. However, by 1970 populations had collapsed in all of the lakes. Since then, ciscoes have staged a recovery in Lake Superior. In this synthesis, we describe the status of ciscoes in Lake Superior during 1970–2006 and provide a comprehensive review of their ecology. Better understanding of age estimation techniques, application of hydroacoustic and midwater trawl sampling, and compilation of long-term data sets have advanced our understanding of the species. Management agencies contemplating rehabilitation of cisco populations should recognize that (1) knowledge of cisco ecology and population dynamics is increasing; (2) ciscoes are long-lived; (3) Great Lakes populations are probably composed of both shallow-water and deepwater spawning forms; (4) large year-classes can be produced from small adult stocks; (5) large variation in year-class strength is probably intrinsic to Great Lakes populations; (6) despite the longevity and early maturity of ciscoes, stocks can be overfished because large year-classes are produced infrequently; (7) regional environmental factors appear to play a large role in reproductive success; and (8) rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax are likely to have a negative effect on cisco recruitment under certain conditions. A top-down approach for rehabilitating lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Superior probably benefited cisco recovery through lake trout predation on invasive rainbow smelt populations. We argue that managing for populations of exotic alewives Alosa pseudoharengus to support popular recreational fisheries of exotic Pacific salmonids in the other Great Lakes conflicts with stocking efforts to rehabilitate native lake trout in those lakes. If native fish rehabilitation is a serious and primary goal for management agencies in the Great Lakes basin, we propose that an ecosystem-based approach to modifying the environment for the benefit of native fish species (i.e., decimation or eradication of invasive species) is required.
Potential Consequences of Climate Change to Persistence of Cutthroat Trout Populations
Authors: Williams Jack E. , Haak Amy L. , Neville Helen M. , Colyer Warren T. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Warmer water, changes in stream flow, and the increasing frequency and intensity of other disturbances are among the factors associated with climate change that are likely to impact native trout populations in the western USA. We examined how three of these factors—increased summer temperatures, uncharacteristic winter flooding, and increased wildfires—are likely to affect broad-scale population persistence among three subspecies of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii. Our results suggest that as much as 73% of the habitat currently occupied by Bonneville cutthroat trout O. c. utah, 65% of that occupied by westslope cutthroat trout O. c. lewisi, and 29% of that occupied by Colorado River cutthroat trout O. c. pleuriticus will be at high risk from one or more of the these three factors. Within the next 50 years, wildfire, floods, and other disturbances may have a greater impact on population persistence than increasing water temperature alone. Our results also suggest that the risk will vary substantially within subspecies. For each subspecies, our analyses identified large portions of their ranges where all populations either currently fail to meet basic persistence criteria, are at high risk from climate change, or both, indicating a high likelihood of losing the genetic and life history diversity in those areas. Stress from climate change is likely to compound existing problems associated with habitat degradation and introgression from introduced salmonids. Recognition of the increased risk from climate change may warrant altering the management paradigm of isolation and require increased control efforts for invasive nonnative species. Regardless of the management avenue chosen, more populations are likely to become isolated and vulnerable in the near future. Our results argue for immediate restoration actions within certain subbasins to increase the resistance and resilience of at-risk populations and habitats to additional disturbances caused by rapid climate change.
Habitat Use, Home Range, and Movement of Shoal Bass in Alabama
Authors: Stormer David G. , Maceina Michael J. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
The shoal bass Micropterus cataractae has been listed as a species of special conservation concern by the American Fisheries Society and the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. We describe seasonal movement, habitat use, and home range of 23 shoal bass fitted with radiotelemetry transmitters in Little Uchee Creek, Alabama. During this tracking period, the region experienced a drought that probably influenced shoal bass habitat choice and movement during reduced streamflow. During most of the year, shoal bass preferred runs and eddies, low current velocity (≤0.30 m/s), moderate depth (0.4–0.8 m), and boulder and bedrock substrates. Most shoal bass in Little Uchee Creek had a strong affinity for shoal habitat. Generally, movement was minimal (&lt;7 m/week); the fish exhibited relatively sedentary behavior and remained within the shoal complex. Home ranges were small and averaged 0.11 ha (50% kernel home range) and 0.47 ha (95% kernel home range); typically, these fish inhabited less than 30% of the 1.15-km-long study area. As streamflow decreased during late summer and fall 2006 and dewatered the shoal, some shoal bass migrated to a nearby deepwater pool (&gt;1.2 m deep) that contained sand bottom and had a water velocity of zero. However, 87% of the radio-tagged shoal bass did not emigrate from the shoal habitat as it became dewatered; these fish subsequently perished. Small home ranges and the lack of movement by many shoal bass from the dewatered shoal habitat to deepwater pool refuges warrant concern to ensure that adequate water quantity is maintained in streams where these fish are found.
An Evaluation of Visible Implant Elastomer for Marking the Federally Listed Fountain Darter and the San Marcos Salamander
Authors: Phillips Catherine T. , Fries Joe N. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Visible marks can aid in population studies but, depending on the type of mark used, may result in poor retention and increased mortality. Visible implant elastomer (VIE) was evaluated as a marking technique for two species listed as endangered or threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act: The fountain darter Etheostoma fonticola and the San Marcos salamander Eurycea nana. We compared VIE with acrylic latex paint (ALP) marks in the fountain darter and found that VIE marks exhibited greater retention than ALP marks (88% versus 23% at 244 d). Fountain darter survival and growth were not affected by mark type. In the San Marcos salamander, the use of VIE marks did not affect survival or growth. For both species, mark placement (dorsally versus ventrally) did not affect retention. Visible implant elastomer marks would be the preferred method for population studies of these listed species.
The Use of Stable Oxygen Isotope (δ18O) Composition in Sockeye Salmon Body Fluid to Determine whether a Fish Has Been Caught in Freshwater
Authors: Macdonald R. W. , Forsland V. , Withler R. E. , Patterson D. A. , Demsky A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Fisheries enforcement is often tasked with determining whether a seized Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. has been caught legally or illegally, either in freshwater while it was migrating to its natal stream or in the ocean at some point during its life cycle or migration. Here we show that the oxygen stable isotope composition (δ18O) of the water within seized fish tissue, together with DNA analysis, provides a powerful means of establishing where the fish was migrating and whether it was inhabiting freshwater when harvested. These tools are relatively easy to apply and are supported by an extensive set of microsatellite DNA data for sockeye salmon O. nerka that provide “forensic” identification and by a time series record for δ18O in the water of the Fraser River. The difference between δ18O composition in the river (∼−17‰) and the ocean (∼−2‰), together with conservative mixing between the end members, provides wide discriminatory power. Evaporation or sublimation during storage favors the light isotope and would thus be to the advantage of the defendant.
Organochlorine Fingerprinting to Determine Foraging Areas of Sea-Ranched Atlantic Salmon: A Case Study from Denmark
Authors: Svendsen Tore C. , Vorkamp Katrin , Svendsen Jon C. , Aarestrup Kim , Frier Jens-Ole 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
We used organochlorine fingerprinting to identify the principal marine foraging area in a sea-ranched population of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from Denmark. The results of this study, the first to apply the method to teleosts, suggest that Atlantic salmon released as juveniles (age 1) in the River Gudenaa, Denmark, are utilizing the North Sea and not the Baltic Sea as their principal marine foraging area.
Comparison of pressurized liquid extraction and matrix solid-phase dispersion for the measurement of semivolatile organic compound accumulation in tadpoles
Authors: Stanley Kerri , Simonich Staci Massey , Bradford David , Davidson Carlos , Tallent-Halsell Nita 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Analytical methods capable of trace measurement of semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs) are necessary to assess the exposure of tadpoles to contaminants as a result of long-range and regional atmospheric transport and deposition. The present study compares the results of two analytical methods, one using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and the other using matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), for the trace measurement of more than 70 SOCs in tadpole tissue, including current-use pesticides. The MSPD method resulted in improved SOC recoveries and precision compared to the PLE method. The MSPD method also required less time, consumed less solvent, and resulted in the measurement of a greater number of SOCs than the PLE method.
Lethal and sublethal toxic effects of a test chemical (ivermectin) on the yellow dung fly (Scathophaga stercoraria) based on a standardized international ring test
Authors: Römbke Jörg , Floate Kevin D. , Jochmann Ralf , Schäfer Martin A. , Puniamoorthy Nalini , Knäbe Silvio , Lehmhus Jörn , Rosenkranz Boris , Scheffczyk Adam , Schmidt Thomas , Sharples Amanda , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
A standardized bioassay using the yellow dung fly, Scathophaga stercoraria L. (Diptera: Scathophagidae), was developed to test the lethal and sublethal toxicity of parasiticide residues in livestock dung. The repeatability of the bioassay was assessed for the parasiticide ivermectin in 13 tests performed by seven laboratories in Germany, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Canada. Test results had an acceptable range of heterogeneity. The calculated median effective concentration for 50% (EC50) egg-to-adult mortality was 20.9± 19.1 ug ivermectin/kg dung fresh weight (FW) (mean ± standard deviation; range, 6.33-67.5 μg/kg). Mortality was not observed below a calculated no-observable-effect concentration (NOEC) of 8.1 ± 7.7 μg/kg FW. However, prolonged development time (and, in a subset of tests, reduced body size) was observed above a calculated NOEC of 0.8 ± 0.8 μg/kg FW. An oviposition site choice test revealed that yellow dung fly females do not discriminate among dung of different ivermectin concentrations. Thus, the yellow dung fly is suitably sensitive, and the methods are sufficiently repeatable, to support use of this standardized bioassay by the international community in the registration of new veterinary pharmaceuticals.
Successful Treatment of Psoriasis-like Lesions in HIV Infected Patients in Uganda with Chloroquine
Authors: Shihab Hasan M. , Feld Jordan J. , Lutwama Fred , Piloya Theresa , Colebunders Robert 
Published: May 2009

The effect of chloroquine in the treatment of psoriasis remains controversial. Treatment of psoriasis in HIV
infection is not well described. Chloroquine has been shown to have direct effects on both the Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) and on the psoriasis disease process. The effect of chloroquine in HIV infected patients with psoriasis has not
been well studied.
We report on the effect of chloroquine on psoriasis-like lesions in three HIV infected patients who were not on
antiretroviral therapy. Three consecutive HIV positive patients with CD4 cell count below 200cells/mm3 had unequivocal
improvement of their psoriasis-like lesions after 2 weeks of a daily dose of 150mg of chloroquine.
In conclusion, chloroquine may be useful in the treatment of psoriasis-like lesions in patients with HIV infection
particularly in resource poor settings. Ideally, a controlled clinical trial will be needed to confirm this.
Vieillissement et psychiatrie, aperçus théorico-cliniques
Authors: Dedieu-Anglade Gérard 
Published: May 2009

Résumé Quelques réflexions sur ce qu’il est bon d’avoir présent à l’esprit lorsque l’on s’occupe de personnes âgées vieillissantes et déprimées. Observations cliniques centrées sur les réaménagements « économiques » imposés au psychisme par le vieillissement.
Autisme et utilité du contre-transfert
Authors: Levet Gilbert 
Published: May 2009

Résumé Il arrive que dans les instants intenses qui suivent la naissance d’un enfant, un élément de la réalité vienne faire énigme pour la jeune mère. Face à cette énigme, la mère parfois se met en retrait : elle reste fonctionnelle, opérante mais absente à l’attente du bébé. Ce bébé n’a alors d’autre recours pour survivre que de s’identifier à l’absence maternelle : il devient l’absence, signant là une des formes de l’autisme. L’analyse du contre-transfert chez le thérapeute, lui-même face à l’absence de l’enfant comme en miroir de l’enfant face à l’absence maternelle, permet de comprendre les processus à l’œuvre.
Clinique, structure et discours : de l'empirique au formalisable en psychanalyse
Authors: Askofaré Sidi , Gaspard Jean-Luc , Macary-Garipuy Pascale , Sauret Marie-Jean 
Published: May 2009

Résumé L’enseignement de Lacan reposait au départ sur un axiome – « l’inconscient est structuré comme un langage » – et un programme : la formalisation de la psychanalyse. Cette entreprise le conduit dans un premier temps à une formalisation des lois du langage. En un second temps, Lacan définira la psychanalyse comme une praxis, un lien social fondé sur le langage, un discours . Même envisagée sous cet angle, sa formalisation reste nécessaire parce que solidaire de la « doctrine du mathème », dans une visée de transmission intégrale.
Les chemins de la sorcellerie
Authors: Brodeur Claude 
Published: May 2009

Résumé Une analyse de quelques récits de sorcellerie recueillis auprès d’une population d’Afrique. On constate que les fantasmes inconscients qui alimentent ces récits sont identiques à ceux que nous rencontrons dans notre pratique de la psychanalyse : comme pour Sigmund Freud, on est dans un rapport constant du prendre et du rejeter, et comme pour Melanie Klein, il y a constamment passage d’une bonne mère à une mauvaise mère. On parlait autrefois de la phase orale de l’évolution de la libido.
Conflictualité et violences au cœur de la transmission
Authors: Robin Didier 
Published: May 2009

Résumé Le rituel du repas familial concentre un grand nombre des coordonnées de la transmission transgénérationnelle. C’est un moment où se croisent l’inscription des différences symboliques des genres et des générations, l’affectivité des liens et les contraintes culturelles inhérentes à la domestication des pulsions. Une conflictualité fondamentale s’y retrouve mise en actes ; conflictualité dégagée par Hegel et conceptualisée par Pierre Legendre sous le terme de « permutation symbolique des places ». Les apports de Ferenczi ou de Lacan en permettent une compréhension fine, et on la retrouvera inscrite depuis longtemps dans la dimension fondamentalement transgénérationnelle du mythe d’Œdipe. Un cas clinique nous donnera l’occasion d’en préciser les mécanismes et les enjeux. L’importance actuelle des troubles de l’humeur et de leurs symptomatologies compensatoires semblent trouver alors une possibilité d’explication.
Le lien sexuel, l'inconscient en couple
Authors: Assoun Paul-Laurent 
Published: May 2009

Comment dégager la vérité et la portée du lien sexuel en son envers inconscient ? Cela suppose d’en mesurer la dimension pulsionnelle, jusqu’en ce point de départage de la jouissance sexuelle et du lien d’amour. Cela mène à une spectroscopie du désir au sein du couple à l’épreuve de la « conjugalisation ». L’examen de ce que l’on nomme « vieux couple » – expression qui fait allusion, bien plus qu’à l’âge, à une érosion du désir – permet de dégager a contrario la vérité paradoxale à laquelle la psychanalyse confronte : c’est que le désir, en sa dimension physique, intervient comme l’élément providentiellement séparateur, qui permet la redécouverte et la réexpérimentation de l’altérité – rencontre entre le réel du corps et le « faire-un » qui soutient le fantasme amoureux.
Y a-t-il une condition masculine ?
Authors: Hazan Marie 
Published: May 2009

Dans cet article, les notions de condition, d’identité et de crise masculines sont interrogées dans les rapports entre les sexes depuis les changements des années 1970, en prenant l’exemple du Québec : il y coexiste en effet des idées contradictoires, entre discours politique et psychanalytique, concernant l’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes et la question incontournable de la différence des sexes. Ce questionnement, au plus près des changements actuels, pose le problème d’une recherche identitaire masculine actuelle, dans la découverte, la souffrance et la révolte.
Pour un examen de la situation contemporaine des consultations « interculturelles » en France
Authors: Douville Olivier 
Published: May 2009

L'auteur envisage un panorama des critères qu'ont adoptés différentes consultations qui se réclament de l’« interculturel ». Il le fait en tenant compte des bases théoriques de ces consultations et en envisageant de façon critique leur rapport aux diverses théories ethnopsychanalytiques de la personne, du symptôme et de l'identité. Aborder un migrant comme un porte-parole de sa culture est une attitude ambiguë dont il convient de faire la critique pour différentes raisons. 1. Au plan épistémologique les divers modèles issus de l'école « culture et personnalité » ont très vite évacué le référent freudien au profit d'une pensée du développement et de l'apprentissage. La conséquence en fut un accent porté sur les notions de moi et d'idéal du moi au détriment d'une analyse de l'instance du surmoi, laquelle est l'opérateur épistémologique du dialogue entre la psychanalyse freudienne et l'anthropologie, ce depuis Totem et tabou et surtout Le malaise dans la culture. 2. De plus, les sujets que nous recevons sont des sujets en devenir, les ruptures de l'histoire, les violences du politique dont ils sont victimes nous interdisent de les considérer comme des sujets uniquement construits par un modèle culturel « traditionnel ». Aussi les débats qui sont en grande polémique souvent entre différentes stratégies de consultations renvoient à des engagements théoriques et politiques qui ne se valent pas.
Pour une histoire par en bas de la santé au travail
Authors: Vincent Julien 
Published: May 2009

Résumé La question de la « santé au travail » ne date pas d’hier. Elle fait aujourd’hui l’objet de nombreux travaux historiques qui permettent de revisiter l’histoire de l’État, de la médecine, mais aussi d’introduire des questionnements nouveaux comme la prévention des risques, les rapports de genre ou l’impact des pollutions industrielles. Selon Jean-Claude Devinck un tel renouvellement ne doit pas dissimuler l’essentiel : la place du mouvement ouvrier reste profondément méconnue dans cette histoire. Trop souvent décrits comme les spectateurs passifs de débats entre experts, les ouvrièr-e-s furent en réalité les principaux acteurs d’une lutte systématiquement occultée jusqu’à nos jours. En matière d’histoire de la santé au travail, la problématique de la « lutte des classes » n’a jamais été aussi actuelle.
Les relations entre santé et travail du point de vue de la psychodynamique du travail
Authors: Gernet Isabelle 
Published: May 2009

Résumé Si le nombre des situations professionnelles qui ont des répercussions sur la santé de ceux et celles qui travaillent est en constante augmentation, peut-on pour autant réduire le travail à ses effets délétères pour la santé mentale comme pour la santé du corps ? L’auteure analyse d’un point de vue psychodynamique le rapport entre le travail et la santé.
Enjeux et incertitudes de la politique européenne en santé au travail
Authors: Vogel Laurent 
Published: May 2009

Résumé Les enjeux généraux de la santé au travail sont multiples. Ils convergent vers une question centrale : quel contrôle social et public sur les systèmes de production ? Jusqu’à quel point l’initiative privée accordée aux détenteurs de capitaux peut-elle mettre en danger la santé humaine ? Cette question est apparue avec la révolution industrielle. Elle a été relancée à travers de nombreuses mobilisations sociales. Elle a souvent reçu des réponses étriquées, se présentant sous l’apparence de la neutralité technique qui en ont dilué le contenu. Cet article consacré aux politiques de l’Union européenne en santé au travail présente un bilan synthétique de dispositifs complexes et souvent contradictoires dans lequel les choix politiques sont rarement assumés et doivent être décryptés derrière l’épais jargon des eurocrates.