bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring plant growth by analyzing their morphology using microfocus X‐ray CT
Authors: Kunieda Tadashi , Hayashi Maika M. , Kumagai Ryo , Matsuura Noriaki , Haruta Makito , Ohta Jun , Demura Taku 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe growth and development of embryophytes is deeply influenced by environmental stimuli, such as light, temperature, and soil nutrients. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the growth response of plants to environmental stimuli is crucial for agriculture. In this study, we examined the morphology of a flowering plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, using microfocus X‐ray computed tomography (µCT), which enables non‐destructive analysis of the external and internal structures of plants. Three‐dimensional (3D) images of the plant, which were reconstructed from X‐ray scanned data, clearly showed the shapes of its leaves, stems, and buds from any angle. At a higher magnification, the µCT also revealed the small hair‐like structures called trichomes on the Arabidopsis leaf epidermis. However, motion artifacts found in the 3D‐reconstructed images indicated that plant's growth rate was faster than scanning speed. Thus, scan parameters must be accordingly optimized. Additionally, CT‐based 3D printing can be used to design micro devices that can be further used to monitor plant growth. These results suggest that µCT is a useful technique for analyzing morphology of growing plants.
Gas classification by an electronic‐nose prototype based on a single gas sensor with novel temperature modulation
Authors: Saeki Maaki , Okura Yuki , Yoshikawa Takefumi , Iwata Tatsuya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn electronic nose prototype based on the novel temperature‐modulation technique is developed, where the heater voltage changes its amplitude and frequency periodically. The system comprises a sensor analog front end and a digital processing part including a heater voltage generator and a sensor data transmitter, where the digital part was implemented by a field programmable gate array. The fabricated prototype successfully generated the modulated heater waveform and synchronously acquired sensor responses at a sampling rate of 10 kHz. Whereby, sensor responses to the test gases of volatile organic compounds were collected. Gas classification was achieved with an accuracy of 99.6% based on the data obtained by the prototype, demonstrating the promising properties of the prototype as a compact and highly precise electronic nose.
Risk of COVID‐19 infection and seizure exacerbation among patients with epilepsy during the peak of Omicron wave
Authors: Leng Xiuxiu , Hu Gengyao , Wang Xuan , Zhang Yingchi , Guo Yaomin , Song Changgeng , Yang Fang , Jiang Wen , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Xiaomu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectivesExisting data regarding the risk of COVID‐19 infection and its effects on seizure control in patients with epilepsy (PWE) are inconclusive. Our research aims to investigate the PWE who are susceptible to COVID‐19 and what factors contribute to seizure exacerbation.MethodsFrom Dec 28, 2022 to Feb 19, 2023, a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey among adult PWE was conducted. The demographics, epilepsy‐related information, COVID‐19‐related variables, and seizure outcomes after COVID‐19 infection were collected. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to determine the risk factors associated with COVID‐19 infection and exacerbated seizures.ResultsOf 1557 PWE, 829 (53.2%) were infected with COVID‐19 and 136 (16.4%) developed seizure exacerbation after COVID‐19 infection. Overweight/obesity (OR 1.372, 95% CI 1.075–1.753, p = 0.011), immunocompromised (OR 3.301, 95% CI 1.093–9.974, p = 0.031), active epilepsy (OR 1.700, 95% CI 1.378–2.097, p < 0.001), and antiseizure medication (ASM) polytherapy (OR 1.314, 95% CI 1.065–1.621, p = 0.011) were associated with COVID‐19 infection. Active epilepsy (OR 4.696, 95% CI 2.568–8.586, p < 0.001) and fever‐associated seizures (OR 4.298, 95%CI 2.659–6.946, p < 0.001) were associated with seizure exacerbation.SignificancePWE with overweight/obesity, immunocompromised, active epilepsy, and ASM polytherapy were at higher risk of COVID‐19 infection. Once infected with COVID‐19, seizures were exacerbated in PWE with active epilepsy and fever‐associated seizures.Plain language summaryPatients with epilepsy (PWE) do not appear to be more susceptible to COVID‐19 infection than general population. Once infected with COVID‐19, 16.4% of PWE had seizure exacerbation. The PWE who have experienced seizures within the past 12 months before infection tend to contract COVID‐19 more often, and are more likely to experience seizure exacerbations following COVID‐19 infection.
The how, when, and why of an abandoned bedrock meander of the Colorado River, Utah (U.S.)
Authors: Pederson Joel L. , Young Sherman C. , Turley Michael , Tanski Natalie , Rittenour Tammy M. , Harris Ron A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRiver meanders entrenched into bedrock are found worldwide, and they are famously well represented in the Colorado Plateau of the southwestern U.S. Meandering of bedrock streams can eventually lead to cutting off canyon loops, and these abandoned “rincons” are locations with high preservation of fluvial deposits and landforms. We document and luminescence date the fluvial terraces in and around the Jackson Hole rincon along the Colorado River downstream of Moab, Utah. Results indicate cutoff and abandonment of the rincon at ~200 ka and also record the rapid and unsteady incision in this region over the past 300 ky. A convergence of conditions contributed to the cutoff of the rincon, including alluvial‐channel conditions at the onset of MIS 6 glacial‐climate, which provided channel‐bed cover and enhanced lateral erosion of weak strata. Also, a contemporaneous rock‐avalanche partially obstructed the paleochannel just downstream of the breach, potentially creating a backwater that further enabled a flood to avulse across the neck. Although other studies show that bedrock‐channel meandering and cutoff can generate unpaired strath terraces and short‐term increases in incision rates, these are not evident in the record at the Jackson Hole rincon. This novel case study leverages the high preservation potential within abandoned bedrock meanders to illuminate the processes and controls of rincon formation during landscape evolution.
Effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on mortality in patients with lung cancer: A multiple mediation analysis in Japan
Authors: Miyamori Daisuke , Kamitani Tsukasa , Yoshida Shuhei , Kikuchi Yuka , Shigenobu Yuya , Ikeda Kotaro , Yamamoto Yosuke , Ito Masanori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCOVID‐19 pandemic has had a substantial effect on healthcare systems worldwide, including the care of patients with lung cancer. The impact of healthcare disruptions and behavioral changes on lung cancer mortality is unclear. Patients newly diagnosed with lung cancer during the pandemic period 2020–2021 were compared with those diagnosed in the pre‐pandemic 2018–2019. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality within 1 year. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to estimate the changes in mortality between pandemic and pre‐pandemic. Multiple mediation analyses were performed to determine the factors that accounted for the changes in mortality. In total, 5785 patients with lung cancer were included in this study. The overall mortality rate was significantly higher during the pandemic compared with the pre‐pandemic (crude hazard ratio [HR]: 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 1.29). Mediation analyses showed that not receiving tumor‐directed treatment, diagnosis at an older age, and decreased diagnosis through cancer screening significantly accounted for 17.5% (95%CI: 4.2, 30.7), 13.9% (95%CI: 0.8, 27.0), and 12.4% (95%CI: 3.0, 21.8) of the increased mortality, respectively. This study revealed a significant increase in mortality risk in patients with lung cancer who have not received tumor‐directed treatment or cancer screening, despite potential selection bias for follow‐up status. Efforts should be focused on ensuring timely access to healthcare services, optimizing treatment delivery, and addressing the unique challenges faced by patients with lung cancer during the pandemic to mitigate the impact of the pandemic on lung cancer outcomes and provide clinical care to vulnerable populations.
International validation of meaningfulness of postural sway and gait to assess myeloneuropathy in adults with adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Yska Hemmo A. F. , Turk Bela R. , Fatemi Ali , Goodman Jordan , Voermans Marije , Amos Dan , Amanat Man , van de Stadt Stephanie , Engelen Marc , Smith‐Fine Amena , Keller Jennifer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe most common manifestation of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a slowly progressive myeloneuropathy, which leads to imbalance and gait disturbances. The variable progression of the disease complicates evaluation of its progression rate. Wearable sensors allow for easy and frequent balance and gait collection. This study reports baseline data from a longitudinal study on the quantitative assessment of balance and gait with wearable sensors and their clinical relevance.MethodsData were collected from adult patients in two institutions. Postural body sway and gait parameters were measured using accelerometers. Disease severity was measured by the Expanded Disability Severity Scale (EDSS). Falling frequency and quality of life (QOL) were collected in men. The relationship between sway and gait variables and EDSS score, participants' use of a walking aid, and falling frequency was evaluated.ResultsOne hundred twenty individuals with ALD were included. Sway variables significantly differentiate participants' assistive device use. Sway and gait variables were correlated to the EDSS in both sexes. Both gait speed and sway were correlated with falling frequency in men from one institution. Select QOL subscores were correlated with the EDSS in males from one institution. Accelerometry generated comparable results across sites.DiscussionThis study confirms the clinical correlation between spinal cord disease and imbalance and gait in ALD. For the first time, this study shows clinically meaningful relationships for sway and gait with use of an assistive device, falling frequency and QOL. Wearable accelerometers are a valid means to measure sway and gait in ALD. These measures are promising outcomes for clinical trial designs to assess myeloneuropathy in ALD and to monitor disease progression in individuals.
Duration of cefazolin prophylaxis did not impact infection risk in a murine model of joint arthroplasty
Authors: Karau Melissa J. , Alarcon Perico Diego , Guarin Perez Serigo F. , Koscianski Christina , Abdel Matthew P. , Patel Robin , Bedard Nicholas A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo minimize periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) risk, some clinicians prescribe extended antibiotic prophylaxis (EAP) following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Given the limited evidence supporting EAP, we sought to evaluate impact of prophylactic antibiotic duration on PJI risk in a murine TJA model. A titanium prosthesis was implanted into the proximal tibia of 89 mice and inoculated with 102 colony forming units (cfu) of Staphylococcus aureus Xen36. Control mice (n = 20) did not receive antibiotics. Treated mice received either 24 h (n = 35) or 4 days (n = 34) of cefazolin prophylaxis. Cultures were obtained from the prostheses, tibia, femur, and knee tissues 3 weeks after surgery. All mice in the control group developed PJI. Both prophylaxis regimens reduced the rate of PJI relative to the control, with only 2/35 mice in the 24‐h cohort (p < 0.0001) and 1/34 in 4‐day cohort developing PJI (p < 0.0001). CFU counts from the prostheses, bone and knee tissues were reduced for the 24‐h and 4‐day prophylaxis cohorts relative to the control (p < 0.0001 for both). There was no difference in rates of PJI or CFU counts between the two prophylaxis cohorts (p = 0.58). Prophylactic cefazolin profoundly reduced rates of PJI in a murine model of TJA in which all control animals developed PJI. Extending cefazolin prophylaxis duration from 24 h to 4 days did not result in improved PJI rates or decreased bacterial loads in infected cases. While these results strongly support use of antibiotic prophylaxis for TJA, EAP did not appear to add benefit in the described mouse model.
Exploring shopping tourism as an adjunct therapy to improve mental health: Evidence from PLS‐SEM and NCA
Authors: Xu Jing Bill , Lee Stephanie W. , Choi H. S. Chris , Wong Shun‐mun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWhile previous tourism studies have examined mental health, additional research is necessary. Drawing on Rogers' theory of person‐centered therapy and self‐determination theory, this study explores shopping tourism as an adjunct therapy to improve mental health. 309 residents from Hong Kong who had shopping tourism experiences were surveyed. Partial Least Squares‐Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) were adopted. The results showed that shopping hedonism, consisting of memorable and fashion shopping, and tourism escapism had specific effects on tourists' self‐congruence and eventually enhanced mental health. While tourism escapism was shown through PLS‐SEM to be non‐significant in driving shopping tourists' self‐congruence, it proved to be a necessary condition of such self‐congruence in NCA. This study recommends that government agencies promote shopping tourism as a non‐conventional way of enhancing people's mental health. Destinations can also attract shopping tourists from the perspective of promoting their mental health.
Optimal intersurface stability for unicompartmental femoral component design with two pegs placed on the distal resection surface: 5 mm peg length increment and 10° peg inclination
Authors: Sun Yandong , Li Zhongyao , Zhao Kaiyu , Dimitriou Dimitris , Yang Biao , Cao Zhangyi , Ma Xin , Cheng Rongshan , Li Pingyue , Tsai Tsung‐Yuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe present study aimed to identify the optimal design of the unicompartmental femoral component through parameter analysis and stability evaluation.MethodsA finite element (FE) analysis was applied to analyse and adjust the parameter combinations of the anterior tilt angle of the posterior condyle resection surface, the position of the peg, the length of the peg and the inclination angle of the peg, resulting in 10 different FE models. Setting three knee flexion angles of 8.4° (maximum load state during walking), 40° (maximum load state during stair climbing) and 90° (maximum load state during squatting exercise), quantitatively analysing the micromotion values of the bone–prosthesis interface and defining a weighted scoring formula to evaluate the stability of different FE models. The validity of the FE analysis was verified using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) device.ResultsThe errors between the FE analysis and the DIC test at three flexion angles were 5.6%, 1.7% and 11.1%. The 10 different femoral component design models were measured separately. The FE analysis demonstrated that the design with a 0° anterior tilt angle of the posterior condyle resection surface, both pegs placed on the distal resection surface, lengthened 5 mm pegs and a 10° peg inclination angle provided the best stability.ConclusionThe current study proposed a method for evaluating the stability of the femoral component design. The optimal intersurface stability design of the unicompartmental femoral component was achieved with two pegs placed on the distal resection surface, a 5‐mm peg length increment and a 10° peg inclination. These results might provide a reference for the selection of unicompartmental femoral components in clinical practice and therefore improve the survival rate of future unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Enhanced reliability and time efficiency of deep learning‐based posterior tibial slope measurement over manual techniques
Authors: Yao Shang‐Yu , Zhang Xue‐Zhi , Podder Soumyajit , Wu Chen‐Te , Chan Yi‐Shen , Berco Dan , Yang Cheng‐Pang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeMultifaceted factors contribute to inferior outcomes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. A particular focus is placed on the posterior tibial slope (PTS). This study introduces the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) for efficient measurements of tibial slopes on magnetic resonance imaging images as a promising solution. This advancement aims to enhance risk stratification, diagnostic insights, intervention prognosis and surgical planning for ACL injuries.MethodsImages and demographic information from 120 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery were used for this study. An AI‐driven model was developed to measure the posterior lateral tibial slope using the YOLOv8 algorithm. The accuracy of the lateral tibial slope, medial tibial slope and tibial longitudinal axis measurements was assessed, and the results reached high levels of reliability. This study employed machine learning and AI techniques to provide objective, consistent and efficient measurements of tibial slopes on MR images.ResultsThree distinct models were developed to derive AI‐based measurements. The study results revealed a substantial correlation between the measurements obtained from the AI models and those obtained by the orthopaedic surgeon across three parameters: lateral tibial slope, medial tibial slope and tibial longitudinal axis. Specifically, the Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.673, 0.850 and 0.839, respectively. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients were 0.736, 0.861 and 0.738, respectively. Additionally, the interclass correlation coefficients were 0.63, 0.84 and 0.84, respectively.ConclusionThis study establishes that the deep learning‐based method for measuring posterior tibial slopes strongly correlates with the evaluations of expert orthopaedic surgeons. The time efficiency and consistency of this technique suggest its utility in clinical practice, promising to enhance workflow, risk assessment and the customization of patient treatment plans.Level of EvidenceLevel III, cross‐sectional diagnostic study.
Reduced physiological extrusion of the medial meniscus in axial load‐bearing condition in anterior cruciate ligament deficiency
Authors: Lee JiHwan , Lee Gyu Hwan , Zakaryaei Farima , Choi Jae Sung , Kim Jin Goo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeIn this study, ultrasonography was used to measure medial meniscus (MM) extrusion under weight‐bearing and nonweight‐bearing conditions in both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)‐deficient and ACL‐intact knee groups. This study aimed to determine the possible differences between these groups with an eventual impact on meniscal tears in ACL‐deficient knees.MethodsA total of 107 patients who underwent ACL reconstructive surgery between June 2022 and April 2023 were enroled. After applying exclusion criteria, 37 patients met the conditions for inclusion in the study and formed the ACL deficiency group (Group D). Of the 141 patients presenting to an outpatient clinic who agreed to have ultrasonography conducted on their nondiscomforting contralateral knee, 37 patients matched for age, sex, hip–knee–ankle angle and body mass index with Group D patients were selected for the ACL intact group (Group I). Ultrasonography was used to measure MM extrusion in weight‐bearing and nonweight‐bearing conditions for all participants.ResultsSeventy‐four patients were included in the study (n = 37 per group). The supine position showed an MM extrusion of 1.2 ± 0.7 mm in Group I and 1.2 ± 0.7 mm in Group D (not significant). In the standing position, MM extrusion measured 2.0 ± 0.6 mm in Group I and 1.3 ± 0.8 mm in Group D. The difference in extrusion (Δextrusion) between the two positions was 0.8 ± 0.6 in Group I and 0.1 ± 0.2 in Group D, with statistical significance (p < 0.01). A consistent reduction in MM extrusion during weight‐bearing was observed in patients with ACL deficiency, irrespective of the duration of ACL deficiency, age, sex and BMI.ConclusionACL deficiency did not significantly impact MM extrusion during nonweight‐bearing conditions; however, less MM extrusion was observed in response to axial loading conditions. These findings indicate altered MM biomechanics due to increased anterior‐posterior meniscal motion and rotational instability after ACL injury.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Deltoid ligament injuries: A review of the anatomy, diagnosis and treatments
Authors: Koris Jacob , Calder James D. F. , Dalmau‐Pastor Miki , Fernandez Miguel A. , Ramasamy Arul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeAnkle sprains remain the most common soft tissue injury presenting to Emergency Departments. Recently, there has been increased awareness and reporting of deltoid ligament injuries in association with injuries to the lateral ligament complex as well as with fibula fractures. This article reviews the currently available literature on the anatomy of the deltoid ligament, clinical and radiological diagnosis of injuries to the deltoid ligament and treatment recommendations.MethodsA literature review was conducted for keywords associated with deltoid ligament injuries. MEDLINE, PubMed and Embase databases were utilised for this search. Articles were included if involving an adult population, were English‐language, were related to deltoid ligament injuries (with or without associated injuries) and reported on patho‐anatomy, clinical or radiological diagnosis or treatment methods.ResultsA total of 93 articles were assessed for relevance from the database search, and 47 were included after the removal of irrelevant articles and duplicates. Several studies reported on the clinical findings of deltoid ligament injury, as well as the radiographic analysis. Arthroscopy was considered the gold standard of diagnosis, with authors reporting on the potential benefit of performing arthroscopic repair or reconstruction at the same time. There were no studies that provided a system for the classification of deltoid ligament injury or larger studies of treatment pathways. Long‐term studies of the incidence of instability in deltoid ligament injuries were not available.ConclusionThere is limited evidence available regarding deltoid ligament injuries, particularly in terms of treatment options, either in isolation or with concomitant injuries. Long‐term follow‐up studies are needed to obtain more accurate data on the number of complications.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.