bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irrigation strongly influences near‐surface conditions and induces breeze circulation: Observational and model‐based evidence
Authors: Lunel Tanguy , Boone Aaron A. , Le Moigne Patrick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIrrigation is becoming increasingly common in agriculture and is essential to meet the growing demand for food. Studies of the impact of irrigated areas on local meteorology reveal a strong influence on near‐surface conditions, although the extent of this influence varies considerably between locations. In addition, though theoretical evidence suggests that irrigation can create breeze‐like atmospheric boundary‐layer circulations, observational evidence is still lacking. This study investigates the effects of irrigation on the surface and atmospheric boundary layer in the Ebro basin, an intensively irrigated area with a semi‐arid climate in northeastern Spain. Observational data from the international field campaign Land Surface Interactions with the Atmosphere over the Iberian Semi‐arid Environment are analysed together with coupled surface–atmosphere model output to better understand and quantify the impact of irrigation on the lower atmosphere. A simple parametrization of irrigation is shown to improve the accuracy of the model. Results demonstrate that irrigation increases the average latent heat flux by over 200 Wm, reduces air temperature by 4.7°C, and increases specific humidity by 50% at 2 m during the day over the irrigated region of the domain. Moreover, irrigation limits convection and strongly stabilizes the atmospheric boundary layer. Notably, the study provides evidence for an irrigation‐induced breeze from the irrigated area to the semi‐arid area. These findings highlight the importance of considering irrigation in numerical models for weather forecasting, climate modelling and sustainable agricultural planning.
Mentha suaveolens Leaves Extract‐Mediated Synthesis of CoO@TiO2 and Fe2O3@TiO2 Core/Shell Nanoparticles with Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Hammouda Mohamed M. , Alanazi Abdulaziz A. , Elattar Khaled M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study reports the green synthesis of biocompatible TiO₂‐based nanoparticles using Mentha suaveolens extract as a reducing and capping agent. We successfully produced two novel nanocomposites: Fe2O3@TiO₂ and CoO@TiO₂. These nanocomposites possess distinct optical properties, enhanced surface area, and well‐defined morphologies, as revealed by advanced characterization techniques. Notably, Fe2O3@TiO₂ exhibits a red‐shifted absorption, suggesting potential for photocatalysis, sensing, or light‐harvesting applications. Furthermore, the nanocomposites displayed improved antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains compared to the M. suaveolens extract, highlighting their potential as effective and biocompatible antimicrobial agents. Our work pioneers a sustainable and one‐step approach for synthesizing versatile TiO2‐based nanocomposites with tunable functionalities. These findings open doors for developing novel materials with applications ranging from enhanced antimicrobial defenses to light‐driven technologies.
Soil microbial activity profiles associated with organic compost fertilizers in an urban garden
Authors: Zeiner Carolyn A. , Kisch Maria N. , Lynch Ethan D. , Shrestha Paliza , Small Gaston E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBiological soil health is recognized as an important component of sustainable agriculture due to microbial biomineralization of nutrients. However, soil health can be difficult to assess consistently across urban agricultural systems due to diverse land use histories, soil heterogeneity, and lack of mechanistic links to agricultural management practices (e.g., recycled compost addition) and crop outcomes. In this study, we characterized soil microbial activity profiles in an urban agriculture system in Minnesota, USA, including microbial abundance, soil respiration, extracellular enzyme activity, and crop yield. Garden plots were fertilized with recycled organic compost (either manure or municipal) at high or low rates (ranging from 2.6 to 39 tons ha−1) targeted to crop N and P demands. Control plots received inorganic fertilizer or no fertilizer. We found that a high application rate of manure compost supported 6–10x higher basal respiration than municipal compost or inorganic fertilizer. Enzyme activity data demonstrated that soil microbial communities exhibited unique profiles of biochemical function that varied among fertilizers of different compositions. Microbial biochemical function predicted 50% of the variability in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) yield, while soil microbial community size alone was a poor predictor of yield. Yield was highest in plots fertilized with municipal compost, outperforming inorganic fertilizer by threefold. High‐yield plots exhibited higher ratios of N to P enzyme activity compared to those with lower yield. Our findings demonstrate that “more is better” may not necessarily be true regarding soil microorganisms in biological soil health, and that measures of soil microbial biochemical function may be more important.
Pan-cancer analysis of prognostic and immunological role of IL4I1 in human tumors: a bulk omics research and single cell sequencing validation
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Yi , He Yuping , Shen Chenfu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Interleukin-4 inducible gene 1 (IL4I1) regulates tumor progression in numerous tumor types. However, its correlation with immune infiltration and prognosis of patients in a pan-cancer setting remains unclear.

Methods
Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), UALCAN, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), cBioPortal, Cancer Single-cell State Atlas (CancerSEA), and Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource(TIMER) databases were used to evaluate IL4I1 expression, clinical features and prognostic effects, gene set enrichment, and correlation with immune cell infiltration, as well as the relationship between IL4I1 methylation and expression and survival prognosis. Correlations with 192 anticancer drugs were also analyzed.

Results
IL4I1 was significantly overexpressed in the majority of tumors, and the imbalance of IL4I1 was significantly correlated with overall survival and pathological stage. Moreover, total IL4I1 protein was increased in cancer. Therefore, IL4I1 may be used as a prognostic biomarker or protective factor in numerous types of cancer. The methylation level of IL4I1 may also be used as a prognostic marker. The functional enrichment of IL4I1 was closely related to the immunomodulatory pathway. In addition, the level of tumor-associated macrophage infiltration was positively correlated with the expression of IL4I1 in pan-cancerous tissues. scRNA-seq analysis suggested that IL4I1 differ significantly among different cells in the tumor microenvironment and was most enriched in macrophages. Various immune checkpoint genes were positively correlated with IL4I1 expression in most tumors. In addition, patients with high IL4I1 expression may be resistant to BMS-754807 and docetaxel, but sensitive to temozolomide.

Conclusion
IL4I1 may play a role as promoter of cancer and prognostic indicator in patients. High expression of IL4I1 is associated with the state of tumor immunosuppression and may contribute to tumor-associated macrophage invasion. Therefore, IL4I1 may be a new therapeutic target for the treatment and prognosis of patients with cancer.
A Mixed Methods Pilot Study to Evaluate User Engagement with MedMicroMaps: A Novel Interactive E-learning Tool for Medical Microbiology
Authors: Harrington Jane 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEducators are witnessing the unfolding of the era of artificial intelligence, raising the question of how to transfer the benefits of yesterday’s pedagogy to the future of education. An interactive digital mind map of infectious diseases was developed for second-year medical students (n = 865). Analysis of user engagement showed global distribution with 498 QR scans on a single day. Student responses (n = 79, 9.1% response rate) indicated positive feedback on the resources of Extremely Satisfied (range 65–75%, n = 59–51). The findings of the study support further expansion of MedMicroMaps to cross-platform interfaces with adaptations for diverse audiences within allied health fields.
Distributed gradient-free and projection-free algorithm for stochastic constrained optimization
Authors: Hou Jie , Zeng Xianlin , Chen Chen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDistributed stochastic zeroth-order optimization (DSZO), in which the objective function is allocated over multiple agents and the derivative of cost functions is unavailable, arises frequently in large-scale machine learning and reinforcement learning. This paper introduces a distributed stochastic algorithm for DSZO in a projection-free and gradient-free manner via the Frank-Wolfe framework and the stochastic zeroth-order oracle (SZO). Such a scheme is particularly useful in large-scale constrained optimization problems where calculating gradients or projection operators is impractical, costly, or when the objective function is not differentiable everywhere. Specifically, the proposed algorithm, enhanced by recursive momentum and gradient tracking techniques, guarantees convergence with just a single batch per iteration. This significant improvement over existing algorithms substantially lowers the computational complexity. Under mild conditions, we prove that the complexity bounds on SZO of the proposed algorithm are $\mathcal{O}(n/\epsilon ^{2})$
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and $\mathcal{O}(n(2^{\frac{1}{\epsilon}}))$
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for convex and nonconvex cases, respectively. The efficacy of the algorithm is verified on black-box binary classification problems against several competing alternatives.
National wealth, cultural moderators and pollution mortality: a panel analysis of 170 countries
Authors: Malik Tariq H. , Yazar Orhan H. , Yang Zhixuan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGlobal concerns have arisen due to pollution-related mortality, and scholars studying the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) have explored the impact of economic growth on carbon emissions, yielding conflicting findings. Considering these opposing perspectives on whether wealth exacerbates or mitigates the negative consequences of environmental pollution, we aim to assess the influence of economic growth on pollution-related mortality and investigate whether national culture moderates its impact. To gain insights into the effects of economic growth on pollution-related mortality, we utilized panel data covering 170 countries over a span of 23 years (1996–2017). Initially, we examined the relationship between GDP per capita and pollution-related mortality, finding support for the theory of a curvilinear correlation but not for the concept of a bell-shaped curve. Upon introducing cultural moderators, the curve shifts in different directions along various dimensions. High power distance and masculinity cultures are associated with increased pollution-related mortality, whereas individualist and long-term orientation cultures are linked to reduced pollution-related mortality. The directions of these moderators align with both linear and nonlinear analyses, except for uncertainty avoidance. This study makes significant contributions to the critical issue of pollution-related mortality, extending beyond traditional sustainability analyses. Additionally, it provides a robust examination of the intertwining of economic wealth and culture, challenging the dominance of either type of logic. Lastly, our study draws attention to policy-driven solutions.
Advances in molecular interactions between rice and insect herbivores
Authors: Kuai Peng , Lou Yonggen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTo adapt to each other, plants and insect herbivores have developed sophisticated molecular interactions. Here, we summarize current knowledge about such molecular interactions between rice, a globally important food crop, and insect herbivores. When infested by insect herbivores, rice perceives herbivore- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs/DAMPs) via receptors that activate early signaling events such as the influx of Ca2+, the burst of reactive oxygen species, and the activation of MPK cascades. These changes result in specific rice defenses via signaling networks that mainly include phytohormones (jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and abscisic acid) and transcription factors. Some compounds, including flavonoids, phenolamides, defensive proteins, and herbivore-induced rice volatiles, have been reported to be used by rice against insects. Insect herbivores can deliver effectors or factors to inhibit rice defenses or enhance rice susceptibility. Although the number of HAMPs and defense-suppressing effectors from rice piercing-sucking insects has increased rapidly, none from rice chewing insects has been identified. Moreover, herbivore effectors or factors that induce rice susceptibility, and rice immune receptors recognizing HAMPs or effectors, are not well characterized. We point out future research directions in this area and highlight the importance of elucidating the mechanisms for rice sensing of insect herbivores and for insect counter-defenses against plants.
Glutamine-derived aspartate is required for eIF5A hypusination-mediated translation of HIF-1α to induce the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: Kim Dong-Ho , Kang Yoo Na , Jin Jonghwa , Park Mihyang , Kim Daehoon , Yoon Ghilsuk , Yun Jae Won , Lee Jaebon , Park Soo Young , Lee Yu Rim , Byun Jun-Kyu , Choi Yeon-Kyung , Park Keun-Gyu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are vital contributors to the growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the exact phenotype of TAMs and the mechanisms underlying their modulation for therapeutic purposes have not been determined. Here, we present compelling evidence that glutamine-derived aspartate in TAMs stimulates spermidine production through the polyamine synthesis pathway, thereby increasing the translation efficiency of HIF-1α via eIF5A hypusination. Consequently, augmented translation of HIF-1α drives TAMs to undergo an increase glycolysis and acquire a metabolic phenotype distinct from that of M2 macrophages. Finally, eIF5A levels in tumor stromal lesions were greater than those in nontumor stromal lesions. Additionally, a higher degree of tumor stromal eIF5A hypusination was significantly associated with a more advanced tumor stage. Taken together, these data highlight the potential of inhibiting hypusinated eIF5A by targeting glutamine metabolism in TAMs, thereby opening a promising avenue for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for HCC.
Microstructure and interaction in aluminum hydrides@polydopamine composites and interfacial improvement with GAP adhesive
Authors: An Qi , Xie Wuxi , Li Yajin , Jian Xiaoxia , He Xu , Wang Li , Zhang Xiang , Han Peiyao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe reduction of interfacial interaction and the deterioration of processing properties of aluminum hydrides (AlH3) is the main challenges preventing its practical application. Here, a simple and effective core–shell structure aluminum hydrides@polydopamine (AlH3@PDA) complex was constructed through in-situ polymerization. The evolution of element states on the surface of AlH3 conducted by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the successful introduction of PDA to form the core@shell structure, the thickness of the PDA coated layer increased with the increasing PDA dosage from 0.1 to 1.6% in mass fraction, and the maximum of thickness is 50 nm in TEM testing. Py GC/MS results proved that the increase of dopamine concentration leads to higher proportions of self-assemble units, whereas lower dopamine concentrations favor higher levels of chemical bonded components. Regarding whether PDA is a covalent polymer or a noncovalent aggregate of some species, the formation of intermediates, such as dopaminechrome and 5,6-dihydroxyindole played an important role to coordination interaction with AlH3 in FTIR, Raman, and UV–Vis spectra testing. Compared with pure AlH3, the formation of organic PDA coating improved AlH3 heat resistance. The adhesion work with GAP adhesive was also improved from 107.02 J/m2 of pure AlH3 to 111.13 mJ/m2 of AlH3@PDA-5 complex. This paper provides well support for further practical application of AlH3 in solid propellants.
The effect of Ding’s screws and tension band wiring for treatment of olecranon fractures: a biomechanical study
Authors: Zhao Yong , Tian Hongbo , Yin Nuo , Du Li , Pan Mingmang , Ding Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough tension band wiring (TBW) is popular and recommended by the AO group, the high rate of complications such as skin irritation and migration of the K-wires cannot be ignored. Ding’s screw tension band wiring (DSTBW) is a new TBW technique that has shown positive results in the treatment of other fracture types. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of DSTBW in the treatment of olecranon fractures by biomechanical testing. We conducted a Synbone biomechanical model by using three fixation methods: DSTBW, intramedullary screw and tension band wiring (IM-TBW), and K-wire TBW, were simulated to fix the olecranon fractures. We compared the mechanical stability of DSTBW, IM-TBW, and TBW in the Mayo Type IIA olecranon fracture Synbone model using a single cycle loading to failure protocol or pullout force. During biomechanical testing, the average fracture gap measurements were recorded at varying flexion angles in three different groups: TBW, IM-TBW, and DSTBW. The TBW group exhibited measurements of 0.982 mm, 0.380 mm, 0.613 mm, and 1.285 mm at flexion angles of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° respectively. The IM-TBW group displayed average fracture gap measurements of 0.953 mm, 0.366 mm, 0.588 mm, and 1.240 mm at each of the corresponding flexion angles. The DSTBW group showed average fracture gap measurements of 0.933 mm, 0.358 mm, 0.543 mm, and 1.106 mm at the same flexion angles. No specimen failed in each group during the cyclic loading phase. Compared with the IM-TBW and TBW groups, the DSTBW group showed significant differences in 60° and 90° flexion angles. The mean maximum failure load was 1229.1 ± 110.0 N in the DSTBW group, 990.3 ± 40.7 N in the IM-TBW group, and 833.1 ± 68.7 N in the TBW group. There was significant difference between each groups (p < 0.001).The average maximum pullout strength for TBW was measured at 57.6 ± 5.1 N, 480.3 ± 39.5 N for IM-TBW, and 1324.0 ± 43.8 N for DSTBW. The difference between maximum pullout strength of both methods was significant to p < 0.0001. DSTBW fixation provides more stability than IM-TBW and TBW fixation models for olecranon fractures.
Single-shot frequency offset measurement with HASTE using the selective parity approach
Authors: de Alba Alvarez Irina , Arbabi Aidin , Khlebnikov Vitaliy , Marques José P. , Norris David G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeasurements of frequency offset are commonly required in MRI. The standard method measures the signal phase as a function of evolution time. Here we use a single shot turbo-spin-echo acquisition method to measure frequency offset at a single evolution time. After excitation the transverse magnetisation evolves during the evolution time, and is then repeatedly refocused. The phase is conjugated between alternate echoes. Using partial parallel acquisition techniques we obtain separate odd- and even- echo images. An iterative procedure ensures self-consistency between them. The difference in phase between the two images yields frequency offset maps. The technique was implemented at 3 Tesla and tested on a healthy human volunteer for a range of evolution times between 6 and 42 ms. A standard method using a similar readout train and multiple evolution times was used as a gold-standard measure. In a statistical comparison with the gold standard no evidence for bias or offset was found. There was no systematic variation in precision or accuracy as a function of evolution time. We conclude that the presented approach represents a viable method for the rapid generation of frequency offset maps with a high image quality and minimal distortion.
Biosorption of arsenic (III) from aqueous solution using calcium alginate immobilized dead biomass of Acinetobacter sp. strain Sp2b
Authors: Khandelwal Renu , Keelka Sneha , Jain Neha , Jain Prachi , Kumar Sharma Mukesh , Kaushik Pallavi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel biosorbent developed by immobilizing dead Sp2b bacterial biomass into calcium alginate (CASp2b) to efficiently remove arsenic (AsIII) from contaminated water. The bacterium Sp2b was isolated from arsenic-contaminated industrial soil of Punjab, a state in India. The strain was designated Acinetobacter sp. strain Sp2b as per the 16S rDNA sequencing, GenBank accession number -OP010048.The CASp2b was used for the biosorption studies after an initial screening for the biosorption capacity of Sp2b biomass with immobilized biomass in both live and dead states. The optimum biosorption conditions were examined in batch experimentations with contact time, pH, biomass, temperature, and AsIII concentration variables. The maximum biosorption capacity (qmax = 20.1 ± 0.76 mg/g of CA Sp2b) was obtained at pH9, 35 ̊ C, 20 min contact time, and 120 rpm agitation speed. The isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic modeling of the experimental data favored Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.941) and pseudo-2nd-order kinetics (R2 = 0.968) with endothermic nature (ΔH° = 27.42) and high randomness (ΔS° = 58.1).The scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) analysis indicated the As surface binding. The reusability study revealed the reasonable usage of beads up to 5 cycles. In conclusion, CASp2b is a promising, efficient, eco-friendly biosorbent for AsIII removal from contaminated water.