bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial correlates of physical activity in adolescents with haemophilia
Authors: BUXBAUM N. P. , PONCE M. , SAIDI P. , MICHAELS L. A. 
Published: March 2010

Summary.  Boys with haemophilia are now encouraged to exercise and take part in physical activities, but actual measures of time spent in active participation is lacking. The aim of this study was to obtain an objective measure of daily physical activity in boys with haemophilia as compared with healthy controls. The study also aimed to ascertain the social and cognitive factors associated with exercise in this population. Seventeen patients (aged 11–18 years) with haemophilia were studied and compared with 44 healthy controls (aged 10–16.5 years). Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Psychosocial correlates were assessed using validated questionnaires. Measured physical activity levels in subjects with haemophilia were slightly higher than for the control group. Both groups spent 70% of the day inactive, with similar proportions of time in moderate and vigorous activity. Subjects with haemophilia had a favourable self‐image and similar levels of anxiety as peers without a bleeding disorder. Self‐efficacy scores were lower than for controls suggesting increased sensitivity to barriers and lack of acceptance of alternatives. Health beliefs did not influence physical activity, but a negative correlation of time spent in high or vigorous activity with scores for support‐seeking was observed. The data demonstrate that in the appropriate social environment and with medical support, patients with haemophilia may be as physically active as their peers without a bleeding disorder. Further investigation into the psychosocial barriers of physical activity in patients with haemophilia is needed to more effectively encourage healthy behaviours.
Computer‐assisted pathological immunohistochemistry scoring is more time‐effective than conventional scoring, but provides no analytical advantage
Authors: Ong Chee Wee , Kim Lay Gek , Kong Hui Hui , Low Lai Yee , Wang Ting Ting , Supriya Srivastava , Kathiresan Manickam , Soong Richie , Salto‐Tellez Manuel 
Published: March 2010

Ong C W, Kim L G, Kong H H, Low L Y, Wang T T, Supriya S, Kathiresan M, Soong R & Salto‐Tellez M  (2010) Histopathology56, 523–529 Computer‐assisted pathological immunohistochemistry scoring is more time‐effective than conventional scoring, but provides no analytical advantage Aims:  Interpretation of immunohistochemistry is primarily done through human visual scoring while computer‐assisted scoring is relatively uncommon. This study aimed to examine (i) the level of agreement between human visual and computer‐assisted pathological scoring of immunoreactivity expression in colorectal cancers, (ii) whether computer‐assisted scoring affects the prognostic significance of biomarkers, and (iii) whether computer‐assisted pathological scoring provides any time‐saving or reproducibility advantages.Methods and results:  Tissue microarray blocks were constructed from the primary colorectal adenocarcinoma specimens of 486 patients. Scoring of the six markers [cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK20, cyclooxygenase‐2, Ki67, p27 and p53] was done independently by a qualified pathologist, a trained scientist and the Ariol SL‐50 (Applied Imaging). Univariate analysis showed that human visual and computer‐assisted scoring were strongly correlated (all κ values >0.8). Both human visual and computer‐assisted pathological scoring identified the same set of biomarkers with significant association with survival. Computer‐assisted pathological scoring was shown to be a time‐effective means of scoring larger numbers of slides (for high‐throughput studies).Conclusions:  Our results suggest that computer‐assisted pathological scoring can be a viable alternative to pathologist scoring in a manner that is more practical and time‐effective, but, interestingly, providing no analytical advantage.
The length of positive surgical margins correlates with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Van Oort Inge M , Bruins H Maxim , Kiemeney Lambertus A L M , Knipscheer Ben C , Witjes J Alfred , Hulsbergen‐van de Kaa Christina A 
Published: March 2010

van Oort I M, Bruins H M, Kiemeney L A L M, Knipscheer B C, Witjes J A & Hulsbergen‐van de Kaa C A (2010) Histopathology56, 464–471 The length of positive surgical margins correlates with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy Aims:  To evaluate the prognostic role of the length of a positive surgical margin (+SM) for biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostatic cancer.Methods and results:  Consecutive RP specimens (n = 267) with +SM were analysed. All RP specimens were sectioned at 4‐mm intervals and completely embedded. Data were analysed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and proportional hazards models.In 267 patients the length of +SM ranged from 0.4 to 174.5 mm (median 11.2 mm) and correlated with preoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) (P < 0.001), pathological stage (P < 0.001), tumour volume (P = 0.001), number of +SM (P < 0.001), Gleason grade at +SM (P < 0.001) and Gleason score (P = 0.015). Patients with detectable postoperative PSA levels (n = 34) or adjuvant therapy (n = 59) were excluded from BCR analysis. In the remaining 174 patients the 5‐year risk of BCR was 29%; in patients with +SM ≤10 mm and >10 mm this was 21% and 39%, respectively. On multivariable analysis BCR was associated with an increasing length of +SM (≤10 mm versus >10 mm; hazard ratio 2.15; 95% confidence interval 1.12, 4.15; P = 0.022).Conclusions:  The length of +SM is an independent prognostic factor for BCR in patients with undetectable PSA after RP.
Papillary lesions of the breast—accuracy of core biopsy
Authors: Tse Gary M , Tan Puay‐Hoon , Lacambra Maribel D , Jara‐Lazaro Ana Richelia , Chan Siu‐Ki , Lui Philip C , Ma Tony K F , Vong Joaquim S , Ng David C H , Shi Hui‐Juan , Lam Wynnie W 
Published: March 2010

Tse G M, Tan P‐H, Lacambra M D, Jara‐Lazaro A R, Chan S‐K, Lui P C, Ma T K F, Vong J S, Ng D C H, Shi H‐J & Lam W W (2010) Histopathology56, 481–488 Papillary lesions of the breast—accuracy of core biopsy Aims:  To assess the accuracy of diagnosing papillary breast lesions in core needle biopsy.Methods and results:  One hundred biopsy specimens of papillary breast lesions were reviewed and compared with the final excisional diagnoses. The discordant biopsy specimens were stained for oestrogen receptor (ER), cytokeratin (CK) 14 and p63, and these specimens were reclassified based on these results. The overall core biopsy accuracy, false‐positive and false‐negative rate were 79%, 5% and 16%, respectively. A benign core biopsy specimen diagnosis gave a false‐negative rate of 10%, and malignant core biopsy specimen diagnosis did not give any false‐positive results. Using homogeneous ER (epithelial), positive CK14 (epithelial) and p63 (myoepithelial) immunoreactivity as benign criteria, the discordant rate was reduced by 30% and 69% when using all three or two of these three criteria for diagnosis. However, false‐positive and ‐negative cases could not be totally eliminated.Conclusions:  Immunohistochemistry is helpful in core biopsy diagnosis of papillary breast lesions, but some cases remained misdiagnosed.
Ribosomal versus non‐ribosomal cellular antigens: factors determining efficiency of indirect presentation to CD4+T cells
Authors: Philip Mary , Schietinger Andrea , Schreiber Hans 
Published: March 2010

SummaryProteins released from dying cells can be taken up and presented by antigen‐presenting cells (APC) to T cells. While the presentation of such self antigens may lead to beneficial anti‐tumour responses, in autoimmune disease it leads to pathological immune responses. The sub‐set of self proteins targeted in autoimmune disease is circumscribed, and certain cellular components such as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes are often targeted. Although explanations for this antigen selectivity have been proposed, there has been little direct testing of these hypotheses. We and others previously showed that ribosomal proteins, targeted in autoimmune disease, are also targets of anti‐tumour T‐cell responses. We asked whether particular properties of ribosomal proteins such as incorporation into RNP complexes or sub‐cellular localization enhance ribosomal protein presentation by APC to CD4+T cells. Ribosomal protein antigens within purified intact ribosomes or free of the ribosomes were equally well taken up and presented by APC, demonstrating that inclusion of ribosomal proteins into an RNP complex does not confer an advantage. However, antigens localized to ribosomes within apoptotic cells were less efficiently taken up and presented by APC than the same antigens localized diffusely throughout the cell. This suggests that presentation of ribosomal proteins is somehow down‐regulated, possibly to facilitate presentation of other less‐abundant intracellular proteins. Consequently, the explanation for the frequent targeting of ribosomal proteins by both autoimmune and anti‐tumour T‐cell responses is not at the level of uptake from apoptotic cells and must be sought elsewhere.
The potential of CD4 T‐cell memory
Authors: McKinstry K. Kai , Strutt Tara M. , Swain Susan L. 
Published: March 2010

SummaryWhile many aspects of memory T‐cell immunobiology have been characterized, we suggest that we know only a fraction of the effector functions that CD4 T cells can bring to bear during secondary challenges. Exploring the full impact of memory CD4 T‐cell responses is key to the development of improved vaccines against many prominent pathogens, including influenza viruses, and also to a better understanding of the mechanisms of autoimmunity. Here we discuss factors regulating the generation of memory CD4 T cells during the activation of naïve cells and how the nature of the transition from highly activated effector to resting memory upon the resolution of primary responses might impact memory CD4 T‐cell heterogeneity in vivo. We stress that memory CD4 T cells have unique functional attributes beyond the secretion of T helper (Th) subset‐associated cytokines that can shape highly effective secondary responses through novel mechanisms. These include the recruitment of innate inflammatory responses at early phases of secondary responses as well as the action of enhanced direct effector functions at later phases, in addition to well‐established helper roles for CD8 T‐cell and B‐cell responses.
Comparing adolescents’ adjustment and family resilience in divorced families depending on the types of primary caregiver
Authors: Shin Sung H , Choi Heeseung , Kim Mi J , Kim Yoon H 
Published: March 2010

Aims.  This study compared three different types of primary caregiver in divorced families: father, mother and grandparent(s) and aimed to (1) compare adolescents’ perception of their level of adjustment and family resilience and (2) identify the family resilience predictors of adolescents’ adjustment.Background.  The Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation guided this study.Design.  Survey.Method.  Adolescents in divorced families in Korea (n = 178) completed self‐administered questionnaires. Family resilience was measured by Family Hardiness Index, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale, Parent‐Adolescent Communication Inventory, Social Support Appraisal Scale, Belief about Parental Divorce and Self‐Esteem Scale. Korean‐Child Behaviour Checklist was used to assess adolescents’ adjustment. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square test, anova, ancova and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis.Results.  The level of adolescents’ adjustment was not statistically different among the three groups. However, statistically significant differences were found in family hardiness, family communication and problem‐solving/coping skill‐seeking help among the family resilience measurements. Adolescents living with mothers reported the highest scores in family hardiness and family communication. The grandparent(s) group sought and accepted help outside of the family more often than did the other groups. Regardless of the types of primary caregiver, a common significant predictor for adolescents’ adjustment was their positive belief about parental divorce; whereas high self‐esteem and low level of seeking help were additional predictors for the father group and grandparent(s) group, respectively.Conclusions.  Adolescents’ belief about parental divorce is a major predictor for adolescents’ adjustment to divorced family life. Nursing services that maximise the family resilience predictors found in this study would enhance adolescents’ adjustment in divorced families.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study provides empirical evidence for nursing care of adolescents who live with differing primary caregivers in divorced families and enhances nurses’ understanding of family resilience predictors that influence adolescents’ adjustment in divorced families.
CobB regulates Escherichia coli chemotaxis by deacetylating the response regulator CheY
Authors: Li Ru , Gu Jing , Chen Yuan‐Yuan , Xiao Chuan‐Le , Wang Li‐Wei , Zhang Zhi‐Ping , Bi Li‐Jun , Wei Hong‐Ping , Wang Xu‐De , Deng Jiao‐Yu , Zhang Xian‐En 
Published: March 2010

SummaryThe silent information regulator (Sir2) family proteins are NAD+‐dependent deacetylases. Although a few substrates have been identified, functions of the bacteria Sir2‐like protein (CobB) still remain unclear. Here the role of CobB on Escherichia coli chemotaxis was investigated. We used Western blotting and mass spectrometry to show that the response regulator CheY is a substrate of CobB. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) indicated that acetylation affects the interaction between CheY and the flagellar switch protein FliM. The presence of intact flagella in knockout strains ΔcobB, Δacs, Δ(cobB) Δ(acs), Δ(cheA) Δ(cheZ), Δ(cheA) Δ(cheZ) Δ(cobB) and Δ(cheA) Δ(cheZ) Δ(acs) was confirmed by electron microscopy. Genetic analysis of these knockout strains showed that: (i) the ΔcobB mutant exhibited reduced responses to chemotactic stimuli in chemotactic assays, whereas the Δacs mutant was indistinguishable from the parental strain, (ii) CheY from the ΔcobB mutant showed a higher level of acetylation, indicating that CobB can mediate the deacetylation of CheY in vivo, and (iii) deletion of cobB reversed the phenotype of Δ(cheA) Δ(cheZ). Our findings suggest that CobB regulates E. coli chemotaxis by deacetylating CheY. Thus a new function of bacterial cobB was identified and also new insights of regulation of bacterial chemotaxis were provided.
Reversible Nε‐lysine acetylation regulates the activity of acyl‐CoA synthetases involved in anaerobic benzoate catabolism in Rhodopseudomonas palustris
Authors: Crosby Heidi A. , Heiniger Erin K. , Harwood Caroline S. , Escalante‐Semerena Jorge C. 
Published: March 2010

Summary Rhodopseudomonas palustris grows photoheterotrophically on aromatic compounds available in aquatic environments rich in plant‐derived lignin. Benzoate degradation is regulated at the transcriptional level in R. palustris in response to anoxia and the presence of benzoate and/or benzoyl‐CoA (Bz‐CoA). Here, we report evidence that anaerobic benzoate catabolism in this bacterium is also regulated at the post‐translational level. In this pathway, benzoate is activated to Bz‐CoA by the AMP‐forming Bz‐CoA synthetase (BadA) enzyme. Mass spectrometry and mutational analysis data indicate that residue Lys512 is critical to BadA activity. Acetylation of Lys512 inactivated BadA; deacetylation reactivated BadA. Likewise, 4‐hydroxybenzoyl‐CoA (HbaA) and cyclohexanecarboxyl‐CoA (AliA) synthetases were also reversibly acetylated. We identified one acetyltransferase that modified BadA, Hba and AliA in vitro. The acetyltransferase enzyme is homologous to the protein acetyltransferase (Pat) enzyme of Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium LT2, thus we refer to it as RpPat. RpPat also modified acetyl‐CoA (Ac‐CoA) synthetase (Acs) from R. palustris. In vivo data indicate that at least two deacetylases reactivate BadAAc. One is SrtN (encoded by srtN, formerly rpa2524), a sirtuin‐type NAD+‐dependent deacetylase (O‐acetyl‐ADPribose‐forming); the other deacetylase is LdaA (encoded by ldaA, for lysine deacetylase A; formerly rpa0954), an acetate‐forming protein deacetylase. LdaA reactivated HbaAc and AliAAcin vitro.
Novel insect‐tree associations resulting from accidental and intentional biological ‘invasions’: a meta‐analysis of effects on insect fitness
Authors: Bertheau Coralie , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Roux‐Morabito Géraldine , Lieutier François , Jactel Hervé 
Published: March 2010

Ecology Letters (2010) 13: 506–515AbstractThe translocation of species beyond their native range is a major threat to biodiversity. Invasions by tree‐feeding insects attacking native trees and the colonization of introduced trees by native insects result in new insect–tree relationships. To date there is uncertainty about the key factors that influence the outcome of these novel interactions. We report the results of a meta‐analysis of 346 pairwise comparisons of forest insect fitness on novel and ancient host tree species from 31 publications. Host specificity of insects and phylogenetic relatedness between ancient and novel host trees emerged as key factors influencing insect fitness. Overall, fitness was significantly lower on novel host species than on ancient hosts. However, in some cases, fitness increased on novel hosts, mainly in polyphagous insects or when close relatives of ancient host trees were colonized. Our synthesis enables greatly improved impact prediction and risk assessment of biological invasions.
Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal flora of patients undergoing prostatic biopsy: implications for prophylaxis and treatment of infections after biopsy
Authors: Batura Deepak , Rao G. Gopal , Nielsen Peder Bo 
Published: March 2010

Study Type – Prevalence (non‐consecutive cohort) Level of Evidence 3bOBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal flora of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)‐guided prostate biopsies (TGB) and to examine if this information is useful in selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis and treatment of biopsy‐associated infections.PATIENTS AND METHODS In 2007 and 2008, rectal swabs were cultured from patients before undergoing TGB. Antimicrobial sensitivity of coliforms to amikacin, ciprofloxacin and coamoxiclav was determined. Laboratory records were used to identify patients who had bacteraemia or significant bacteriuria within 30 days of the TGB and the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of these organisms were compared to those from the rectal swab.RESULTS Of 592 patients who had TGB, 445 (75.1%) had a rectal swab beforehand; 0.2%,10.6% and 13.3% of the coliforms were resistant to amikacin, ciprofloxacin and coamoxiclav, respectively. After TGB, six patients presented with urinary tract infections (UTI) and two with bacteraemia. All the infections were caused by coliforms except one UTI which was caused by ciprofloxacin‐sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The blood culture isolates were sensitive to amikacin but resistant to ciprofloxacin and coamoxiclav. All the coliforms in the urine were resistant to ciprofloxacin but sensitive to coamoxiclav. Urine isolates were not tested for amikacin sensitivity. There was a strong correlation between the antimicrobial sensitivity of the coliforms from the rectal swabs and those cultured from urine or blood in both patients for amikacin, six of eight for ciprofloxacin and seven of eight for coamoxiclav.CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that in the coliforms in the bowel flora of our local population there is a relatively high level of resistance to ciprofloxacin and coamoxiclav, and very low level of resistance to amikacin. As there was a strong correlation between the antimicrobial sensitivity of organisms causing infections after TGB and those isolated from the rectal swabs, we conclude that rectal swab cultures before TGB provide useful evidence for selecting appropriate antimicrobials for prophylaxis and treatment of TGB‐associated infections.
Role of the extracellular transmembrane domain interface in gating and pharmacology of a heteromeric neuronal nicotinic receptor
Authors: Aldea Marcos , Castillo Mar , Mulet José , Sala Salvador , Criado Manuel , Sala Francisco 
Published: March 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)113, 1036–1045.AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) transmit the agonist signal to the channel gate through a number of extracellular domains. We have previously shown that particular details of the process of coupling binding to gating could be quantitative and qualitatively different in muscle and neuronal type nAChRs. We have extended previous studies on homomeric α7 nAChRs to heteromeric α3β4 nAChRs, by mutating residues located at loops 2 and 7, and M2–M3 linker of both α3 and β4 subunits which, in order to monitor surface expression, were modified to bind α‐bungarotoxin, and expressed inXenopusoocytes. We show that, in general, mutations in these domains of both α3 and β4 subunits affect the gating function, although the effects are slightly larger if they are inserted in the α3 subunit. However, the involvement of a previously reported intrasubunit interaction in coupling (Gln48‐Ile130) seems to be restricted to the β4 subunit. We also show that mutations at these domains, particularly loop 2 of the α3 subunit, change the pharmacological profile of α3β4 nAChRs, decreasing nicotine’s and increasing cytisine’s effectiveness relative to acetylcholine. It is concluded that, unlike muscle nAChRs, the non‐α subunits play a relevant role in the coupling process of neuronal α3β4 nAChRs.
Recent advances in vertebrate aging research 2009
Authors: Austad Steven 
Published: March 2010

SummaryAmong the notable trends seen in this year’s highlights in mammalian aging research is an awakening of interest in the assessment of age‐related measures of mouse health in addition to the traditional focus on longevity. One finding of note is that overexpression of telomerase extended life and improved several indices of health in mice that had previously been genetically rendered cancer resistant. In another study, resveratrol supplementation led to amelioration of several degenerative conditions without affecting mouse lifespan. A primate dietary restriction (DR) study found that restriction led to major improvements in glucoregulatory status along with provocative but less striking effects on survival. Visceral fat removal in rats improved their survival, although not as dramatically as DR. An unexpected result showing the power of genetic background effects was that DR shortened the lifespan of long‐lived mice bearing Prop1df, whereas a previous report in a different background had found DR to extend the lifespan of Prop1df mice. Treatment with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, rapamycin, enhanced the survival of even elderly mice and improved their vaccine response. Genetic inhibition of a TOR target made female, but not male, mice live longer. This year saw the mTOR network firmly established as a major modulator of mammalian lifespan.