bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Error Awareness Revisited: Accumulation of Multimodal Evidence from Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems
Authors: Wessel Jan R. , Danielmeier Claudia , Ullsperger Markus 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The differences between erroneous actions that are consciously perceived as errors and those that go unnoticed have recently become an issue in the field of performance monitoring. In EEG studies, error awareness has been suggested to influence the error positivity (Pe) of the response-locked event-related brain potential, a positive voltage deflection prominent approximately 300 msec after error commission, whereas the preceding error-related negativity (ERN) seemed to be unaffected by error awareness. Erroneous actions, in general, have been shown to promote several changes in ongoing autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, yet such investigations have only rarely taken into account the question of subjective error awareness. In the first part of this study, heart rate, pupillometry, and EEG were recorded during an antisaccade task to measure autonomic arousal and activity of the CNS separately for perceived and unperceived errors. Contrary to our expectations, we observed differences in both Pe and ERN with respect to subjective error awareness. This was replicated in a second experiment, using a modified version of the same task. In line with our predictions, only perceived errors provoke the previously established post-error heart rate deceleration. Also, pupil size yields a more prominent dilatory effect after an erroneous saccade, which is also significantly larger for perceived than unperceived errors. On the basis of the ERP and ANS results as well as brain–behavior correlations, we suggest a novel interpretation of the implementation and emergence of error awareness in the brain. In our framework, several systems generate input signals (e.g., ERN, sensory input, proprioception) that influence the emergence of error awareness, which is then accumulated and presumably reflected in later potentials, such as the Pe.
Transformation and Migration Among Members of a Pentecostal Church in Ghana and London
Authors: Daswani Girish 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWhile an ideology of rupture is central to understanding Pentecostal Christianity in Ghana, not enough attention has been given to the moral relationships and ritual practices that help sustain a Pentecostal transformation and its situational application in different contexts. By comparing the experiences of members of the Church of Pentecost (CoP) in Ghana and London, I show how Pentecostal transformation provides church members with an ethical framework, that helps them cope with unhealthy relationships, witchcraft attacks, and migration, albeit differently. I argue that while promoting discontinuity, individuality, and positive change, Pentecostal transformation also raises concerns regarding continuity, communality, and negativity.
Conversion as a Thematic Site: Academic Representations of Ambedkar’s Buddhist Turn
Authors: Gannon Shane P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractMany scholars have written on the conversion of Bhimrao Ambedkar from Hinduism to Buddhism, trying to explain it. In this paper, I argue that a hermeneutics of conversion is needed to understand what this transition means in the larger academic community. Through using the concept of the ‘thematic site’, a narrative trope that draws on the Lacanian idea of the ‘point de capiton’ (also known as the ‘nodal point’ or ‘quilting point’), to investigate how the invisible is evoked in the visible of these scholarly accounts of Ambedkar’s Buddhism, this paper argues that academic accounts of this conversion rearticulate colonial dichotomies of modern/traditional, mapping them onto the binary of West/East. That is, by tracing common academic representations of Ambedkar’s conversion, this paper posits that there is an obfuscated relation that is articulated in the depiction of this event, a connection that invisibly connects Ambedkar’s act to colonial constructions of knowledge.
Revisiting the Insider-Outsider Debate: Dismantling a Pseudo-problem in the Study of Religion
Authors: Jensen Jeppe Sinding 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn the study of religion, the ‘insider-outsider’ problem seems to remain a stubborn issue. As self-evident and reasonable as that distinction may seem is it theoretically dubious and methodologically worthless. Rudolf Carnap would have dubbed it a ‘pseudo-problem’ that obscures more than it discloses. At most, it demonstrates the plain fact that knowledge is unevenly distributed among subjects. This article argues first, that several topics become mixed up in the ‘insider-outsider’ debate: empathy, the ‘emic-etic’ distinction, cultural essentialism and differences, privileged discourses and epistemologies and second, that there is no theory behind the distinction. Inspirations from Ludwig Wittgenstein and Donald Davidson explain how the ‘insider-outsider’ distinction rests on a ‘myth of the subjective’ and so is no problem.
Does “Q” Have Any Representative Potential?
Authors: Rollens Sarah E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article examines mutually exclusive reconstructions of the community “behind” Q. It argues this state of affairs is a product of the implicit assumptions about religion that each reconstruction takes for granted. Rather than dismissing theoretical reflection on the category of religion as irrelevant for their work, it is time for Q scholars to recognize that presuppositions about “religion” fundamentally shapes their understanding of the text’s representative potential.
The Relationship of Early Behaviour to Later Developmental Outcome for Preterm Children
Authors: Dittrichová Jaroslava , Břicháček Václav , Mandys František , Paul Karel , Sobotková Daniela , Tautermannová Milada , Vondráček Jiří , Zezuláková Jaroslava 
Published: January 2011

The present study aimed, first, to analyse in detail early sleep states in 21 preterm infants born before the 33rd week of gestational age and compare them with sleep states in 23 fullterm infants assessed at gestationally matched ages in the first six months. Second, to determine whether analyses of early sleep states in preterm infants may enable identification of infants with future developmental disabilities. In addition to evaluations of perinatal risk factors, neurological condition, psychological development, and social environment during the first year of life, examinations of psychological and neurological development and the assessment of the social environment at 3 and 9 years were carried out. Measures of perinatal status and sleep states up to the age of 40 weeks gestational age did not correlate with outcome measures at 3 and 9 years. However, the polygraphic measures of sleep states at 12 and 24 weeks corrected age, predicted the 3-year developmental outcomes. The complexity of these measures may contribute to their predictive validity for the outcomes at 3 years. Measures of the social environment at 3 and 9 years contributed significantly to the prediction of 9-year developmental outcomes. These results indicate that environmental factors may become more important with age. The detailed analysis of early sleep patterns may enable the early identification of infants who need special care and intervention.
Eradicating Chronic Ear, Nose, and Throat Infections
Authors: Smith Angelia , Buchinsky Farrel Joel , Post J. Christopher 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveBacteria can grow as individual, planktonic organisms or as complex biofilm communities that are more resistant to treatment. This review was designed to systematically search to identify recent laboratory studies on eradication of biofilms in otolaryngologic infections to highlight promising advances in biofilm treatment.Data SourcesA systematic electronic literature search of Medline/PubMed, CINHAL, and Web of Science was conducted for articles describing the treatment of biofilm infections in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) diseases through March 2010. English‐language articles and articles with an English abstract that focused on biofilm treatment were considered for review.Review MethodsEach included article was reviewed by one of the authors for study design, treatment intervention, and outcome. Data from in vitro and animal studies were considered separately from human studies.ResultsA total of 30 articles were identified for this review, including 5 studies that included a human treatment component. In general, antibiotics were relatively ineffective for eradicating biofilm infections. Markedly higher antibiotic dosages were required to reduce biofilm presence compared with doses that were effective in eradicating planktonic bacteria. Mupirocin irrigation, gentian violet, and thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteine effectively eradicated biofilms. Physical disruption, surfactants, and probiotics were also shown to be beneficial in both nonhuman and human studies.ConclusionEradicating ENT biofilms is difficult when treating single‐organism or mixed flora biofilms. Antibiotic therapy is often ineffective against biofilms, and clinical treatment may need to focus on nonantibiotic therapies that reduce, disrupt, or eradicate ENT biofilms.
Natural Progression of Dysplasia in Adult Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Hall Joseph E. , Chen Karen , Yoo Mi Jin , Fletcher Kenneth C. , Ossoff Robert H. , Garrett C. Gaelyn 
Published: January 2011

ObjectivesRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is often described as a benign disease. However, the natural progression of dysplasia and transformation to squamous cell carcinoma has not been elucidated for RRP. This study delineates our extensive experience with dysplasia in RRP.Study Design/SettingCase series with chart review.Subjects and MethodsDemographic data and surgical pathology were analyzed for patients diagnosed with RRP at greater than 18 years of age who underwent operative intervention without cidofovir treatment for RRP between 2004 and 2009.ResultsFifty‐four patients were identified. Dysplasia was identified in 27 of 54 patients (50%). Of the 54 patients, 50% had no dysplasia, 26% had mild dysplasia (grade 1), 11% had moderate dysplasia (grade 2), 4% had severe dysplasia (grade 3), 7% had carcinoma in situ, and 2% had squamous cell carcinoma as the highest documented degree of dysplasia. Thirty of 54 patients (55.6%) had 2 or more operative interventions. Nine of the 30 patients (30%) developed a higher dysplastic grade during the course of treatment. Time to progression averaged 16.2 ± 8.7 months for patients with initially benign disease. Of those patients with dysplasia progression, only 1 of 9 (11.1%) developed squamous cell carcinoma. Patients presenting with benign or mild dysplasia typically did not progress beyond mild dysplasia (22 of 24, 91.7%).ConclusionsDysplasia is common in RRP. Progression of dysplasia, especially with an initial dysplastic grading of benign or mild disease, is rare.
Primary TEP Placement in Patients with Laryngopharyngeal Free Tissue Reconstruction and Salivary Bypass Tube Placement
Authors: Divi Vasu , Lin Derrick T. , Emerick Kevin , Rocco James , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: January 2011

The authors examined the feasibility and advantages of primary tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) with intraoperative placement of the voice prosthesis for patients undergoing laryngopharyngectomy requiring free tissue reconstruction and salivary bypass tube placement. Six patients were identified; 4 underwent total laryngopharyngectomy, and 2 underwent total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy. All 6 required free tissue reconstruction, and a salivary bypass tube was placed in all cases. All patients had a 20F Indwelling Blom‐Singer prosthesis (InHealth Technologies, Carpinteria, California) placed. No complications were noted with intraoperative prosthesis placement. No prostheses were dislodged in the postoperative period. At 6 months, 4 patients available for evaluation had successful voice outcomes, and 3 were disease free. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of voice prosthesis placement at the time of primary TEP associated with free tissue reconstruction of a laryngopharyngeal defect with salivary bypass tube placement.
Clinical Evaluation of a Fully Synthetic Middle Meatal Stent for Safety and Tolerability
Authors: Catalano Peter J. , Payne Spencer , Thong Mark 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and tolerability of a novel, fully synthetic, poly‐urethane middle meatal dressing after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary care medical facility.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 104 patients with medically refractory chronic rhinosinusitis were treated with patient‐appropriate ESS and a poly‐urethane sponge placed into their middle meatus at the end of operation, giving a total of 173 middle meatus stent placements. Patients were then assessed immediately postoperatively and 2, 6, 12, and 16 weeks after surgery for adverse systemic or local reaction to the stent and the incidence of postoperative infections.ResultsThere was no pain or allergic reaction encountered with this new material. There were 11 middle meati (6.4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.2%‐11.1%) with postoperative infection at 2 weeks follow‐up. There were no other stent‐related local reactions (ie, excessive bleeding, middle meatal synechia, or granulation) up to 16 weeks postoperatively. Residual middle meatal stent material was either absent or negligible at 2 weeks postoperatively.ConclusionsThis first fully synthetic poly‐urethane middle meatal dressing used during ESS demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and safety. The incidence of localized postoperative infection was also low.
Anterior Canal Lithiasis
Authors: Casani Augusto Pietro , Cerchiai Niccolò , Dallan Iacopo , Sellari‐Franceschini Stefano 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical and oculographic features in patients with anterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and to determine the efficacy of a canalith repositioning procedure for its management.Study DesignCase series with chart review of patients presenting positional vertigo and positional downbeating nystagmus during a 2‐year period.SettingOutpatients’ tertiary referral center for balance disorders.Subjects and MethodsEighteen patients suffering from positional vertigo and presenting positional downbeating nystagmus were treated with a maneuver based on a modification of the procedure proposed by Crevits. Mean outcome measure: disappearance of positional downbeating nystagmus.ResultsPositional downbeating nystagmus was elicited unilaterally with the Dix‐Hallpike maneuver in 6 cases. In 4 patients, it was triggered by both left and right Dix‐Hallpike tests. In 8 patients, the positional nystagmus was elicited by a straight head‐hanging maneuver. The positional nystagmus was purely downbeating in 12 patients. In the remaining, a torsional component was detected. After the treatment, only 1 patient showed positional nystagmus at 30 days.ConclusionIn anterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, the presence of a positional downbeating nystagmus in response to positional tests is key for diagnosis. In a significant number of patients, the affected side may not be detected because of the inconstant presence of a torsional component. Treatment with a simplified maneuver based on Crevits’s technique can be considered an effective method for the treatment of anterior canal lithiasis, especially when the affected side cannot be detected clearly.
Lateral Temporal Bone and Parotid Malignancy With Facial Nerve Involvement
Authors: Mantravadi Avinash V. , Marzo Sam J. , Leonetti John P. , Fargo Keith N. , Carter Margaret S. 
Published: January 2011

ObjectivesTo review our institution’s experience and outcomes in the treatment of lateral temporal bone (LTB) and parotid malignancy with facial nerve (FN) involvement. To identify risk factors for treatment failures and to clarify previously established prognostic factors for this advanced‐stage disease.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care academic hospital.Subjects and MethodsA series of 26 patients treated operatively for malignancy of the LTB and parotid gland with FN involvement were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent sacrifice of the FN due to intraoperative determination of nerve invasion. Demographic, historical, intraoperative, pathologic, and follow‐up data were collected and analyzed to determine survival outcomes and locoregional control. Risk factor analysis was performed.ResultsThe FN was found to be grossly involved by tumor at the stylomastoid foramen in 57.7% of patients, resulting in sacrifice more proximally in the vertical segment in 57.7%. Statistical analysis demonstrated a locoregional recurrence rate of 34.6%, with the majority of recurrence occurring within the first 2 years after surgery. The rate of distant failure was 15.4%. Kaplan‐Meier and chi‐square analysis showed an overall survival of 76.0%, 66.7%, 35.3%, 31.2%, and 28.6% at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. Advanced age, the presence of tumor of epithelial origin, and pathologically positive lymph nodes are significantly predictive of poor survival.ConclusionOutcomes of malignancy of the LTB with FN involvement treated with primary surgical therapy compare favorably with previously published control rates, and overall prognosis for this condition is likely better than historically established.
Detection of Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Corresponding Biomarkers Using Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Beumer H. Wolfgang , Vishwanath Karthik , Puscas Liana , Afshari Hamid R. , Ramanujam Nimmi , Lee Walter T. 
Published: January 2011

ObjectivesInvestigate the use of optical reflectance spectroscopy to differentiate malignant and nonmalignant tissues in head and neck lesions and characterize corresponding oxygen tissue biomarkers that are associated with pathologic diagnosis.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary Veterans Administration Medical Center.Subjects and MethodsAll patients undergoing panendoscopy with biopsy for suspected head and neck cancer were eligible. Prior to taking tissue samples, the optical probe was placed at 3 locations to collect diffuse reflectance data. These locations were labeled “tumor,” “immediately adjacent,” and “distant normal tissue.” Biopsies were taken of each of these respective sites. The diffuse reflectance spectra were analyzed, and biomarker‐specific absorption data were extracted using an inverse Monte Carlo algorithm for malignant and nonmalignant tissues. Histopathological analysis was performed and used as the gold standard to analyze the optical biomarker data.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were identified and selected to participate in the study. Statistically significant differences in oxygen saturation (P =. 001) and oxygenated hemoglobin (P =. 019) were identified between malignant and nonmalignant tissues.ConclusionThis study established proof of principle that optical spectroscopy can be used in the head and neck areas to detect malignant tissue. Furthermore, tissue biomarkers were correlated with a diagnosis of malignancy.
Immediate Eye Rehabilitation at the Time of Facial Nerve Sacrifice
Authors: Watts Tammara L. , Chard Rachael , Weber Stephen M. , Wax Mark K. 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveIn the setting of known facial nerve sacrifice or injury, patients require precautions to prevent exposure keratitis and the morbidity that follows. One recommended treatment is surgical placement of a gold weight with or without lateral tarsal strip. In patients in whom the facial nerve has been sacrificed, it is unknown whether rehabilitation should be simultaneous or in the perioperative period.Study Design and SettingCase series with chart review of patients who underwent immediate rehabilitation of the eye (gold weight and lateral tarsal strip) following facial nerve resection.Subjects and MethodsFrom 1998 to 2009, 52 patients were studied. Postoperative ophthalmologic complications and the need for revision surgeries were measured.ResultsA gold weight was placed in all patients, and 48 of 52 (92%) simultaneous lateral tarsal strips were performed. The facial nerve was sacrificed in 51 of 52 (88%) patients, and the remaining patient had a known preoperative facial nerve paralysis. Thirty‐six of 52 (69%) required free tissue transfer for reconstruction, underscoring the extensive resections performed. A 1.2‐g gold weight was placed in 50 of 52 (96%) patients. Three (6%) patients required gold weight revision with a larger weight and 3 (6%) for extrusion. Eight (16.7%) patients underwent revision of the lateral tarsal strip for ectropion.ConclusionsNo patients developed ophthalmologic complications. Patients undergoing radical surgical resections with known or suspected injury of the facial nerve should be considered for simultaneous rehabilitation of the upper and lower eye.
The Role of Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Cytokines in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Haubner Frank , Martin Ludwig , Steffens Thomas , Strutz Jürgen , Kleinjung Tobias 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveThe underlying pathology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is still not completely understood. Inflammatory and vascular factors are part of the present discussion. The aim of this study was to learn more about the possible role of adhesion molecules and cytokines in patients with SSNHL. These molecules are thought to contribute to endothelial dysfunction.Study DesignCase‐control study with planned data collection.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsBlood samples of 35 patients presenting with SSNHL of more than 30 dB in at least 3 contiguous frequencies were compared to a gender‐ and age‐matched control group of normal‐hearing subjects. Levels of the soluble adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), endothelial selectin (E‐selectin), and concentration of interleukin 6 (IL‐6), interleukin 8 (IL‐8), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) were measured using established enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. These parameters as well as fibrinogen and lipid values were statistically analyzed.ResultsLevels of soluble ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, E‐selectin, IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 were not significantly elevated in patients with SSNHL. The clinical chemistry and hematologic determinations showed no significant differences between patients and control subjects.ConclusionThis study revealed no association concerning SSNHL and typical vascular risk factors such as lipids and fibrinogen. Soluble adhesion molecules were not elevated in the SSNHL group. The role of endothelial dysfunction represented by increased levels of soluble adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of SSNHL remains unclear. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the vascular etiology of SSNHL.