bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causal factors for spatial variation in long‐term phenological trends in Ginkgo biloba L. in Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuho 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDistinct plant phenological changes caused by increasing temperature have been reported in several regions. However, spatial patterns in long‐term phenological trends and their causal factors have not been fully examined. Attempts were made to address these issues using a long‐term (1961–2000) phenological dataset (budding and leaf fall dates) for Ginkgo biloba L. from 60 meteorological stations in Japan. Although many stations indicated earlier budding and delayed leaf fall, there were large differences among stations. First, the author tried to understand the spatial variation patterns of the long‐term phenological trends relative to geography. However, there was no significant relationship between phenological trends and geographical variables: latitude, longitude, and altitude, with the exception of a negative relationship between the trend of leaf fall date and latitude. Second, relationships between phenological trends, long‐term trends in air temperature, and phenological sensitivity of Ginkgo to variations in air temperature were investigated as direct causal factors for spatial variations in phenological trends. With respect to the air temperature trend, a negative relationship was found with the budding trend, but there was no obvious relationship with the leaf fall trend. On the other hand, the spatial variability of the phenological sensitivity to temperature was relatively large and displayed a significant linear relationship with trends in budding and leaf fall. Where trees had higher sensitivity to temperature, they showed earlier budding and delayed leaf fall. The results obtained from multiple linear regressions indicated that the spatial variations in phenological trends were dependent more on phenological sensitivity to air temperature than temperature trends. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine labeling detects proliferating cells in the regenerating avian cochlea
Authors: Kaiser Christina L. , Kamien Andrew J. , Shah Priyanka A. , Chapman Brittany J. , Cotanche Douglas A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The avian cochlea regenerates hair cells following aminoglycoside treatment through supporting cell proliferation. Immunocytochemical labeling of 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog, is a popular nonradioactive marker for identifying cells in the DNA synthesis (S phase) of the cell cycle. However, it requires harsh treatments to denature double‐stranded DNA for the antibody to bind BrdU. We explored a new method using 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) as a thymidine analog and a nonantibody azide/alkyne reaction between EdU and the fluorescent probe. We propose that EdU is as effective as BrdU, but without the requirement for harsh denaturation or the use of antibodies for detection.Study Design:Two‐week‐old chicks received a single gentamicin injection followed by a single EdU injection 72 hours later. Cochleae were extracted 4–8 hours later, fixed, and processed for fluorescent detection of EdU.Methods:Cochleae were processed for detection of incorporated EdU using the Click‐iT Imaging Kit (Invitrogen/Molecular Probes, Carlsbad, CA) and colabeled with Sox2, myosin VI, or myosin VIIa antibodies. Whole‐mount cochlear preparations were examined with confocal microscopy.Results:Supporting cells incorporated EdU into their newly synthesized DNA during the 4–8 hours following the EdU injection and were readily detected with little background signal. The intensity and quantity of cells labeled were similar to or better than that seen for BrdU.Conclusions:The EdU method is as effective as BrdU, without requiring harsh denaturation or secondary antibodies to identify proliferating cells. Thus, the nonantibody EdU system allows more flexibility by enabling colabeling with multiple antibodies to other cellular proteins involved in regeneration. Laryngoscope, 2009
Safety and efficacy of the endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Anderson Peter , Sindwani Raj 
Published: June 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP; also known as Draf III or frontal drillout) has recently gained popularity as a minimally invasive alternative to frontal sinus obliteration. This systematic analysis was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of the EMLP.Study Design:Literature review and meta‐analysis.Methods:We performed a search of all English studies published from 1990 to 2008 that reported results from a minimum of five patients undergoing the EMLP. Of the 33 papers reviewed, 18 studies (evidence level II‐2 or II‐3) containing data from 612 patients met inclusion criteria.Results:The most common indications for EMLP were chronic frontal sinusitis (75.2%) and mucocele (21.3%). Patients had an average age of 47.9 years (range, 14–89 years) and were followed for 28.5 months postoperatively. Only 20.3% of procedures were performed without image‐guidance. Stents were rarely used (6%). The rate of major and minor complications was <1% and 4%, respectively. No deaths were reported. A majority of patients were discharged within 24 hours. Postoperative endoscopic findings, qualitatively reported in 394 patients, demonstrated frontal sinus patency or partial stenosis in 95.9% at last follow‐up. Where specifically assessed (n = 430 patients), improvement in symptoms was achieved in 82.2% of cases, with 16% reporting no significant change, and 1.2% reporting worsening of symptoms. The overall failure rate (requiring further surgery) of EMLP was 13.9% (85/612). Of the failures, 80% underwent revision EMLP, whereas 20% elected osteoplastic frontal sinus obliteration.Conclusions:When performed by an experienced surgeon, EMLP is a safe and efficacious procedure that is well tolerated. Laryngoscope, 2009
Embouchure dystonia—Portrait of a task‐specific cranial dystonia
Authors: Frucht Steven J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFocal task‐specific dystonia (FTSD) is an unusual disorder of motor control, which typically affects the hand but may also involve the face, jaw, and tongue. We report 89 musicians with dystonia of the embouchure (ED), the muscles of the lower face, jaw, and tongue used to control the flow of air into the mouthpiece of a woodwind or brass instrument. Symptoms of ED began at an average age of 36, were typically painless and only rarely were preceded by trauma. Specific musical techniques commonly triggered dystonia, often in one instrumental register. Task‐specific embouchure tremor and lip‐pulling ED phenotypes were common among high‐register brass players (trumpet and French horn), whereas lip‐locking occurred exclusively in low‐register brass players (trombone and tuba). Jaw and tongue ED phenotypes occurred predominantly in woodwind players, and once present, frequently spread to speaking or eating. Six percent of all ED patients had coincident writer's cramp, suggesting a possible genetic predisposition to develop dystonia. We assessed two‐point sensory discrimination in the upper lip, lower lip, and hand in ED patients, normal musicians, and nonmusician age‐matched controls—there were no differences between groups. Once present, symptoms of ED did not remit and often disrupted careers and livelihoods. Better treatments are urgently needed for this unusual disorder of oral motor control. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Pallidal stimulation for segmental dystonia: Long term follow up of 11 consecutive patients
Authors: Sensi Mariachiara , Cavallo Michele A. , Quatrale Rocco , Sarubbo Silvio , Biguzzi Sara , Lettieri Cristian , Capone Jay G. , Tugnoli Valeria , Tola Maria Rosaria , Eleopra Roberto 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPallidal stimulation is a convincing and valid alternative for primary generalized dystonia refractory to medical therapy or botulinum toxin. However, the clinical outcome reported in literature is variable most likely because of heterogeneity DBS techniques employed and /or to clinical dystonic pattern of the patients who undergo surgery. In this study, we report the long term follow up of a homogeneous group of eleven subjects affected by segmental dystonia who were treated with bilateral stimulation of the Globus Pallidus pars interna (GPi) from the years 2000 to 2008. All the patients were evaluated, before surgery and at 6‐12‐24‐36 months after the treatment, in accordance with the Burke Fahn Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS). Our study indicates that DBS promotes an early and significant improvement at 6 months with an even and a better outcome later on. The analysis of specific sub items of the BFMDRS revealed an earlier and striking benefit not only as far as segmental motor function of the limbs but also for the complex cranial functions like face, (eyes and mouth), speech and swallowing, differently from results reported in primary generalized dystonia. Deep Brain Stimulation of GPi should be considered a valid indication for both generalized and segmental dystonia when other therapies appear ineffective. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society
Solution of arbitrarily dimensional matrix equation in computational electromagnetics by fast lifting wavelet‐like transform
Authors: Chen Ming‐Sheng , Sha Wei , Wu Xian‐Liang 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA new wavelet matrix transform (WMT), operated by lifting wavelet‐like transform (LWLT), is applied to the solution of matrix equations in computational electromagnetics. The method can speedup the WMT without allocating auxiliary memory for transform matrices and can be implemented with the absence of the fast Fourier transform. Furthermore, to handle the matrix equation of arbitrarily dimension, a new in‐space preprocessing technique based on LWLT is constructed to eliminate the limitation in matrix dimension. Complexity analysis and numerical simulation show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in saving CPU time. Numerical simulations for scattering analysis of differently shaped objects are considered to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In particular, due to its generality, the proposed preprocessing technique can be extended to other engineering areas and therefore can pave a broad way for the application of the WMT. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 34)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm 
Published: June 2009

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since January, 2009 are reviewed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A clinical approach to managing somatoform disorders
Authors: Hadler Andrew , Poole Norman A 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSomatoform disorders, or medically unexplained symptoms, present a significant challenge to the clinician, who needs to establish and reassure the patient that the complaint is not serious, while at the same time try to avoid the symptoms being iatrogenically maintained. Here, Dr Hadler and Dr Poole suggest a practical approach to the management of such disorders. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Does Parkinson's disease increase mortality?
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWhether Parkinson's disease (PD) increases mortality remains something of a moot point. Some studies suggest that mortality among PD patients is more than three'fold higher than the death rates in the general population. Other studies suggest there's no difference. Changes in mortality over time are also inconsistent.However,some researchers detect a decline in mortality beginning during the 1970s,around the time that levodopa entered clinical practice.1 Now a new study2 that followed PD patients for 20 years helps clarify this sometimes controversial relationship. Freelance medical writer, Mark Greener, reports. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd
Blind docking of pharmaceutically relevant compounds using RosettaLigand
Authors: Davis Ian W. , Raha Kaushik , Head Martha S. , Baker David 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIt is difficult to properly validate algorithms that dock a small molecule ligand into its protein receptor using data from the public domain: the predictions are not blind because the correct binding mode is already known, and public test cases may not be representative of compounds of interest such as drug leads. Here, we use private data from a real drug discovery program to carry out a blind evaluation of the RosettaLigand docking methodology and find that its performance is on average comparable with that of the best commercially available current small molecule docking programs. The strength of RosettaLigand is the use of the Rosetta sampling methodology to simultaneously optimize protein sidechain, protein backbone and ligand degrees of freedom; the extensive benchmark test described here identifies shortcomings in other aspects of the protocol and suggests clear routes to improving the method.
Determination and application of empirically derived detergent phase boundaries to effectively crystallize membrane proteins
Authors: Koszelak‐Rosenblum Mary , Krol Adam , Mozumdar Namrita , Wunsch Kristin , Ferin Adam , Cook Eleanor , Veatch Christina K. , Nagel Raymond , Luft Joseph R. , DeTitta George T. , Malkowski Michael G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractElucidating the structures of membrane proteins is essential to our understanding of disease states and a critical component in the rational design of drugs. Structural characterization of a membrane protein begins with its detergent solubilization from the lipid bilayer and its purification within a functionally stable protein‐detergent complex (PDC). Crystallization of the PDC typically occurs by changing the solution environment to decrease solubility and promote interactions between exposed hydrophilic surface residues. As membrane proteins have been observed to form crystals close to the phase separation boundaries of the detergent used to form the PDC, knowledge of these boundaries under different chemical conditions provides a foundation to rationally design crystallization screens. We have carried out dye‐based detergent phase partitioning studies using different combinations of 10 polyethylene glycols (PEG), 11 salts, and 11 detergents to generate a significant amount of chemically diverse phase boundary data. The resulting curves were used to guide the formulation of a 1536‐cocktail crystallization screen for membrane proteins. We are making both the experimentally derived phase boundary data and the 1536 membrane screen available through the high‐throughput crystallization facility located at the Hauptman‐Woodward Institute. The phase boundary data have been packaged into an interactive Excel spreadsheet that allows investigators to formulate grid screens near a given phase boundary for a particular detergent. The 1536 membrane screen has been applied to 12 membrane proteins of unknown structures supplied by the structural genomics and structural biology communities, with crystallization leads for 10/12 samples and verification of one crystal using X‐ray diffraction.
Common variants in 8q24 are associated with risk for prostate cancer and tumor aggressiveness in men of European ancestry
Authors: Pal Prodipto , Xi Huifeng , Guha Saurav , Sun Guangyun , Helfand Brian T. , Meeks Joshua J. , Suarez Brian K. , Catalona William J. , Deka Ranjan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent whole genome association studies have independently identified multiple prostate cancer (PC) risk variants on 8q24. We have evaluated association of common variants in this region with PC susceptibility and tumor aggressiveness in a sample of European American men.METHODSForty‐nine tagging SNPs including three previously reported significant variants (rs1447295, rs6983267, rs16901979) and seven variants in the 5′ upstream region of the MYC proto‐oncogene were tested for association with susceptibility to PC and tumor aggressiveness in 596 histologically verified PC cases and 567 ethnically matched controls.RESULTSSignificant associations with susceptibility to PC were found at 17 SNPs, four of which (rs1016342, rs1378897, rs871135, and rs6470517) remained significant after adjusting for multiple corrections. One of the associated SNPs, rs871135, is located in the putative gene POU5F1P1 within the 8q24 region. An in slico analysis showed that the associated variant of this SNP alters a transcription factor implicating a plausible regulatory role. Additionally, one of the significantly associated SNPs, rs6470517, with PC susceptibility showed a significant over‐representation of the G allele in cases with aggressive tumor.CONCLUSIONSAlthough this study does not directly confirm associations of the three specific SNPs (cited above), it corroborates reported signals of association in 8q24 reaffirming that genetic variation on 8q24 influences susceptibility to PC in men of European ancestry. Although our study did not confirm the allelic association of rs1447295, meta‐analysis of this SNP provided support to previous reported associations. Further, this study implicates the 8q24 region with aggressive forms of PC. Prostate 69: 1548–1556, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual‐label centromere and telomere FISH identifies human, rat, and mouse cell contribution to Multispecies recombinant urogenital sinus xenografts
Authors: Vander Griend Donald J. , Konishi Yuko , De Marzo Angelo M. , Isaacs John T. , Meeker Alan K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecombinant xenografts of human cells growing in immunocompromised rodents are widely used for studying stem cell biology, tumor biology, and epithelial to mesenchyme transitions. Of critical importance is the correct interpretation of the cellular composition of such xenografts.METHODSHere we present a rapid and robust method employing protein nucleic acid (PNA) FISH probes to dual‐label centromeres and telomeres (Cen/Tel FISH). Such labeling allows unambiguous discrimination between human, mouse, and rat cells in paraffin‐embedded tissue sections, providing significant advantages over current methods used to discern human versus rodent cell types.RESULTSUsing an in vivo prostatic developmental system where rat embryonic urogenital sinus mesenchyme is recombined with human prostate epithelial organoids and grown in an immunocompromised mouse, Cen/Tel FISH documents that all three species contribute to the development of glandular structures.CONCLUSIONSThe method is an indispensable tool to analyze xenograft/host interactions and prevent misinterpretation of data using tissue recombination approaches. Prostate 69: 1557–1564, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of absolute risk for prostate cancer using genetic markers and family history
Authors: Xu Jianfeng , Sun Jielin , Kader A. Karim , Lindström Sara , Wiklund Fredrik , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Johansson Jan‐Erik , Zheng S. Lilly , Thomas Gilles , Hayes Richard B. , Kraft Peter , Hunter David J. , Chanock Stephen J. , Isaacs William B. , Grönberg Henrik 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDMultiple DNA sequence variants in the form of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be reproducibly associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk.METHODSAbsolute risk for PCa among men with various numbers of inherited risk alleles and family history of PCa was estimated in a population‐based case–control study in Sweden (2,893 cases and 1,781 controls), and a nested case–control study from the Prostate, Lung, Colon and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial in the U.S. (1,172 cases and 1,157 controls).RESULTSIncreased number of risk alleles and positive family history were independently associated with PCa risk. Considering men with 11 risk alleles (mode) and negative family history as having baseline risk, men who had ≥14 risk alleles and positive family history had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.64–6.64] in the Swedish study. These associations were confirmed in the U.S. population. Once a man's SNP genotypes and family history are known, his absolute risk for PCa can be readily calculated and easily interpreted. For example, 55‐year‐old men with a family history and ≥14 risk alleles have a 52% and 41% risk of being diagnosed with PCa in the next 20 years in the Swedish and U.S. populations, respectively. In comparison, without knowledge of genotype and family history, these men had an average population absolute risk of 13%.CONCLUSIONThis risk prediction model may be used to identify men at considerably elevated PCa risk who may be selected for chemoprevention. Prostate 69: 1565–1572, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Periodic renewal of spare parts using Weibull
Authors: Dieter A. , Pickard K. , Bertsche B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe periodical renewal of spare parts in a manufacturing system is optimized by a novel approach using the well‐known Weibull distribution. In essence, this is achieved by the use of a geometrical stepping in the description of the reliability to the points of renewal, hence, the spare parts required in the system to achieve the reliability target are then determined. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The X̄ control chart under non‐normality
Authors: Schoonhoven Marit , Does Ronald J. M. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper studies design schemes for the X̄ control chart under non‐normality. Different estimators of the standard deviation are considered and the effect of the estimator on the performance of the control chart under non‐normality is investigated. Two situations are distinguished. In the first situation, the effect of non‐normality on the X̄ control chart is investigated by using the control limits based on normality. In the second situation we incorporate the knowledge of non‐normality to correct the limits of the X̄ control chart. The schemes are evaluated by studying the characteristics of the in‐control and the out‐of‐control run length distributions. The results indicate that when the control limits based on normality are applied the best estimator is the pooled sample standard deviation both under normality and under non‐normality. When the control limits are corrected for non‐normality, the estimator based on Gini's mean sample differences is the best choice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of model misspecification on the exponential EWMA charts: a robustness study when the time‐between‐events are not exponential
Authors: Pehlivan Canan , Testik Murat Caner 
Published: June 2009

AbstractExponential EWMA control chart for the time‐between‐events (TBE) has been suggested to monitor high‐quality processes for the early detection of process deteriorations. Although the assumed model for the TBE observations is the exponential distribution, departures from the exponential form may occur in practice. The aim of this research is to investigate the sensitivity of the exponential EWMA chart in detecting mean shifts. It is assumed that the TBE mean is known but the assumption of exponential TBE distribution is incorrect. As test cases, various Weibull and lognormal distributions of the TBE are considered while the chart is being designed under the assumption of exponential TBE distribution. Markov chain method is implemented for calculating the performance measures such as average run length, standard deviation of run length, and percentiles of the run length distribution. A wide range of chart designs are examined and it is observed that the exponential EWMA charts can be designed to be extremely robust to departures from the assumed distribution. Numerical results and practical suggestions are provided in the following. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.