bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The political economy of intergenerational income mobility in Singapore
Authors: Ng Irene Y.H. 
Published: June 2012

Ng IYH. The political economy of intergenerational income mobility in SingaporeThis study used the Singapore National Youth Surveys of 2002 and 2010 to measure the intergenerational dependence of youths' income on their parents' income. The pooled estimate of 0.24 gave a scaled value of 0.44, which when compared internationally indicates an economy with moderately low intergenerational income mobility. The findings analysed against Singapore's political economy suggest that the 2009 recession, a widened safety net and immigration might have mitigated the negative effects that a developmental welfare state and rising inequality have on intergenerational mobility. The effects of Singapore's differentiated education system were unclear. However, despite the limitations in data and data availability in Asia, the findings provide useful points of departure for other countries. The findings also indicate the need for more extensive data and research on what effects the current economic and policy trends have on mobility.
TRPA1‐like channels enhance glycinergic transmission in medullary dorsal horn neurons
Authors: Cho Jin‐Hwa , Jeong Moon‐Young , Choi In‐Sun , Lee Heon‐Jin , Jang Il‐Sung 
Published: June 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 691–701.AbstractThe effect of icilin, a potent agonist of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and TRPM8, on glycinergic transmission was examined in mechanically isolated rat medullary dorsal horn neurons by use of the conventional whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. Icilin increased the frequency of glycinergic spontaneous miniature inhibitory post‐synaptic currents (mIPSCs) in a dose‐dependent manner. Either allyl isothiocyanate(AITC) or cinnamaldehyde, other TRPA1 agonists, also increased mIPSC frequency, but the extent of facilitation induced by AITC or cinnamaldehyde was less than that induced by icilin. However, menthol, a TRPM8 agonist, had no facilitatory effect on glycinergic mIPSCs. The icilin‐induced increase in mIPSC frequency was significantly inhibited by either HC030031, a selective TRPA1 antagonist, or ruthenium red, a non‐selective transient receptor potential channel blocker. Icilin failed to increase glycinergic mIPSC frequency in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that the icilin‐induced increase in mIPSC frequency is mediated by the Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space. In contrast, icilin still increased mIPSC frequency either in the Na+‐free external solution or in the presence of Cd2+, a general voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channel blocker. The present results suggest that icilin acts on pre‐synaptic TRPA1‐like ion channels, which are permeable to Ca2+, to enhance glycinergic transmission onto medullary dorsal horn neurons. The TRPA1‐like channel‐mediated enhancement of glycinergic transmission in medullary dorsal horn neurons would contribute to the regulation of pain information from the peripheral tissues.
A novel cross‐talk between endothelin and ErbB receptors controlling glutamate transporter expression in astrocytes
Authors: Glisic Darko , Lehmann Claudia , Figiel Maciej , Ödemis Veysel , Lindner Ricco , Engele Jürgen 
Published: June 2012

J. Neurochem. (2012) 122, 844–855.AbstractThe endothelin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) systems are central to the control of reactive brain processes and are thought to partly exert these tasks by endothelin‐induced transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Here we show that beyond EGFR transactivation, endothelins prevent the ligand‐induced internalization of the EGFR. We unravel that endothelins abrogate internalization of the EGFR by either promoting the formation of “internalization‐deficient” EGFR/ErB2‐heterodimers or by activating c‐Abl kinase, a negative regulator of EGFR internalization. We further provide evidence that this cross‐talk is operational in the control of astrocytic glutamate transport. Specifically, we establish that the inhibitory effects exerted by endothelins on basal as well as EGF‐induced expression of the major astroglial glutamate transporter subtype, glutamate transporter 1, are a direct consequence of the endothelin‐dependent retention of the EGFR at the cell surface. Together our findings unravel a previously unknown cross‐talk between endothelin and epidermal growth factor receptors, which may have implications for a variety of pathological conditions.
Towards an historical sociology of World History
Authors: Getz Trevor R. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWorld History is becoming increasingly international as a field of study. However, this globalization of faculty and institutions requires more than just a shift in the geography of meetings and authorship. It also raises issues of inclusion and exclusivity as well as a need to revisit questions of theory, methods, and ethics in the publication of global histories. This article seeks to look at the domestic origins of World History as a field within the United States and to raise questions about the globalization of the field as it matures.
Mexican American Female Adolescents’ Perceptions of Relationships and Dating Violence
Authors: Haglund Kristin , Belknap Ruth Ann , Garcia Juanita Terrie 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose: This study fills a gap regarding the perspectives of Mexican American female adolescents on dating relationships and dating violence (DV).Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study. Focus groups included 20 Mexican American young women, primarily first and second generation, mean age 14.5 years (SD= 2.5). Data were analyzed with categorical analysis.Findings: Participants described key components of DV and identified cultural aspects that may serve to promote healthy dating relationships.Conclusions: Family‐based interventions to promote exploration of gender roles and parent‐child communication may foster biculturalism as well as promote healthy dating relationships and prevent violence within this cultural group.Clinical Relevance: In the United States, 10% to 40% of teens experience DV. Hispanic females experience more physical DV than their White peers.
Terahertz wave techniques using a metal mesh for evaluating the components of the stratum corneum
Authors: Mizukoshi Koji , Yonekura Kazuki , Ogura Hidehiro , Guan Yu , Kawase Kodo 
Published: June 2012

Background/purposeTerahertz waves are located in the region of the spectrum between milliwaves and infrared. We analyzed the feasibility of terahertz spectroscopy to inspect the compositional variations of the stratum corneum (SC).MethodsWe used a terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy system with the metal mesh technique. To investigate whether terahertz can inspect compositional variation of SC, we measured the terahertz frequency spectra of the SC sheet that was treated with chloroform–methanol, lipid mixture, a denaturation agent, and heating with hot air.ResultsThe chloroform–methanol treatment of the SC shifted the dip position, which represents a convex downward shape of the spectra, to a higher frequency. This dip shift was reversed to an untreated position by the dose‐dependent application of a lipid mixture. The heating treatment of the SC shifted the dip position to a higher frequency. The same dip shift was also induced by the application of a denaturation agent to the SC.ConclusionThe technique using terahertz waves with a metal mesh is effective because of its simplicity and its high degree of accuracy in detecting the amount of lipid and the protein conformation state.
The involvement of N‐glycosylation of zona glycoproteins during meiotic maturation in sperm–zona pellucida interactions of porcine denuded oocytes
Authors: LAY Khin Mar , NAKADA Tadashi , TATEMOTO Hideki 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to delineate whether N‐glycosylation of zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins occurred during meiotic maturation and whether this N‐glycosylation played a role in sperm–ZP interactions of porcine cumulus denuded oocytes (DOs). After mechanical removal of cumulus cells from cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs), DOs were cultured for 44 h in in vitro maturation (IVM) culture. The experiments were carried out to determine the effects of tunicamycin, a specific N‐glycosylation inhibitor, for various intervals during IVM on sperm–ZP interactions in porcine DOs. The results determined that DOs could induce meiotic maturation, although the maturation rate of DOs was earlier than that of COCs. In addition, N‐glycosylation of ZP glycoproteins occurred during meiotic maturation and was crucial in sperm–ZP interactions, was responsible for sperm penetration, sperm binding to ZP and induction of acrosome reaction in ZP‐bound sperm. However, the inhibition of N‐glycosylation by tunicamycin during IVM did not influence ZP hardness and male pronuclear formation, indicating that this N‐glycosylation was involved in the initial stage of fertilization. We conclude that 24–44 h of N‐glycosylation of ZP glycoproteins during meiotic maturation was crucial in sperm penetration and sperm binding to ZP and the induction of acrosome reaction in sperm bound to ZP of porcine DOs.
Is a Treatment Delay in Radical Prostatectomy Safe in Individuals with Low-Risk Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Sun Maxine , Abdollah Firas , Hansen Jens , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Bianchi Marco , Tian Zhe , Briganti Alberto , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Montorsi Francesco , Perrotte Paul , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Many patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (PCa) are presented with several treatment modalities, which may require time to understand these options before making an informed decision regarding treatment.

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of radical prostatectomy (RP) delay on postoperative functional outcomes and mortality in a North American population-based cohort.

Methods
Overall, 17,153 men treated with RP for non-metastatic clinical stage T1–2, low-grade PCa between years 1995 and 2005 within the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare-linked database were abstracted.

Main Outcome Measures
The effect of treatment delay (from PCa diagnosis to RP of &gt;3 months) on pathological upstaging at surgery (≥pT3) and postoperative functional outcomes (urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction) was examined using logistic regression analyses. The 10-year PCa mortality rates were computed using cumulative incidence rates.

Results
Overall, 2,576 (15%) patients underwent RP &gt; 3 months after diagnosis. A treatment delay of &gt;3 months was associated with a 24% and 33% higher rate of erectile dysfunction diagnosis and procedure, respectively (both P ≤ 0.001). Treatment delay was also associated with 6% higher rate of urinary incontinence procedure (P = 0.01). Furthermore, a dose-response effect was detected with respect to increasing durations of RP delay (≤3 vs. 3–5 vs. 5–9 vs. ≥9 months) the rates of erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence diagnoses/procedures. Treatment delay was not associated with pathological upstaging and PCa mortality.

Conclusions
Customarily, the timing of RP following biopsy is dictated by tumor aggressiveness. In general, patients with more unfavorable characteristics are operated sooner. This may obliterate the potential detriments of delayed RP. The treatment delay between biopsy and RP may result in more extensive periprostatic tissue resection and may adversely affect postoperative continence and erectile function.
Leisure activities among older Germans – a qualitative study
Authors: Boggatz Thomas 
Published: June 2012

Boggatz T. (2013) Leisure activities among older Germans – a qualitative study.International Journal of Older People Nursing 8, 174–185   doi:10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2012.00332.xBackground.  Leisure activities contribute to well‐being and health in old age. Community nurses should consequently promote such activities among older persons. To do so they need an understanding of older persons’ interest in leisure activities. Social contacts, volunteering and pursuit of hobbies and interests constitute the main aspects of leisure.Aims and objectives.  This study aimed to determine the attitudes of older Germans to these aspects to identify user types of leisure time facilities.Design.  A qualitative study was conducted within a community‐based project in an industrial town in West Germany.Methods.  Data were collected with semi‐structured guideline interviews and evaluated with qualitative content analysis according to Mayring.Results.  With regard to social contacts attitudes ranged from limited need for contacts to being a reliable member in an older persons’ club. Social engagement is only found among the latter. Pursuit of hobbies and interest ranged from being a minimal user of leisure time facilities to refined expectations. Inflexible group structures may prevent potential users from participation despite having a programme in accordance with target group needs.Conclusions.  Attitudes to leisure activities can be described as a combination of two dimensions: the degree of social involvement and the desired refinement of hobbies and interest.Implications for practice.  Community nurses who organise social afternoons need to assess these attitudes and should steer social dynamics of in a way that facilitates access for newcomers.
Intensive care unit patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1pdm09) virus infection – United States, 2009
Authors: Bramley Anna M. , Dasgupta Sharoda , Skarbinski Jacek , Kamimoto Laurie , Fry Alicia M. , Finelli Lyn , Jain Seema ,   for the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Hospitalizations Investigation Team
Published: June 2012

Please cite this paper as: Bramley et al. Intensive care unit patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1pdm09) virus infection – United States, 2009. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(601), e134–e142.Background  The influenza A (H1N1pdm09) [pH1N1] virus resulted in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and death.Objectives   To describe the characteristics of ICU patients with pH1N1 virus infection in the United States during the spring and fall of 2009 and to describe the factors associated with severe complications including ARDS and death.Patients/Methods   Through two national case‐series conducted during spring and fall of 2009, medical charts were reviewed on ICU patients with laboratory‐confirmed pH1N1 infection by real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.Results   The majority (77%) of 154 patients hospitalized in an ICU were <50 years of age, and 65% had at least one underlying medical condition. One hundred and twenty‐eight (83%) patients received influenza antiviral agents; 29% received treatment ≤2 days after illness onset. Forty‐eight (38%) patients developed ARDS and 37 (24%) died. Patients with ARDS were more likely to be morbidly obese (36% versus 19%, P = 0·04) and patients who died were less likely to have asthma (11% versus 28%, P = 0.05). Compared with patients who received treatment ≥6 days after illness onset, patients treated ≤2 days after illness onset were less likely to develop ARDS (17% versus 37%, P < 0.01) or die (7% versus 35%, P < 0·01).Conclusions   Among patients hospitalized in an ICU with pH1N1 virus infection, ARDS was a common complication, and one‐quarter of patients died. Patients with asthma had less severe outcomes. Early treatment with influenza antiviral agents was likely beneficial, especially when initiated ≤2 days after illness onset.
Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Korean Traditional Alcoholic Beverage, Yakju, Enriched with Mulberry
Authors: Jung Kwak Eun , Yeon Lee Ji , Sook Choi Il 
Published: June 2012

Abstract:  Mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.), rich in health beneficial compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyananis, have traditionally been used as nutritional foodstuffs and fork medicines. In this study, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of a traditional Korean alcoholic beverage ``yakju'' enriched with mulberry were evaluated. The beverage was enriched with smoothies prepared from Korean mulberry cultivars of Cheongilppong (CP), Suwonppong (SP), and Daesungppong (DP). In comparison to the control, an increase in alcohol content and total acidity and a decrease in sugar level in yakju enriched with mulberry were observed during 15 d of fermentation. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid content increased in the following order: DP yakju > SP yakju > CP yakju > control yakju. In contrast, the anthocyanin content decreased during the fermentation periods. The trans‐resveratrol content of mulberry yakju increased during the fermentation and the resveratrol content of DP yakju (0.24 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of SP yakju (0.21 mg/L) and CP yakju (0.14 mg/L) on the 15th day of fermentation (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activities of mulberry yakju, which was assessed using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenozothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and reducing power assays, decreased during the 1st day of fermentation and increased into thereafter. The increase in antioxidant activities of mulberry yakju might have been affected primarily by the total flavonoid and total polyphenol content with increasing alcohol concentration, as a good extractor, during the fermentation; however, the antioxidant activities may have also been affected by the total anthocyanin content up to the 1st day of fermentation.Practical Application:  The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of a traditional Korean alcoholic beverage ``yakju'' enriched with mulberry were investigated. This analysis is important for the potential applications of mulberry yakju as functional alcoholic drinks.
Applying clinical staging to young people who present for mental health care
Authors: Hickie Ian B. , Scott Elizabeth M. , Hermens Daniel F. , Naismith Sharon L. , Guastella Adam J. , Kaur Manreena , Sidis Anna , Whitwell Bradley , Glozier Nicholas , Davenport Tracey , Pantelis Christos , Wood Stephen J. , McGorry Patrick D. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAim: The study aims to apply clinical staging to young people who present for mental health care; to describe the demographic features, patterns of psychological symptoms, disability correlates and clinical stages of those young people; and to report longitudinal estimates of progression from less to more severe stages.Methods: The study uses cross‐sectional and longitudinal assessments of young people managed in specialized youth clinics. On the basis of clinical records, subjects were assigned to a specific clinical ‘stage’ (i.e. ‘help‐seeking’, ‘attenuated syndrome’, ‘discrete disorder’ or ‘persistent or recurrent illness’).Results: Young people (n = 209, mean age = 19.9 years (range = 12–30 years), 48% female) were selected from a broader cohort of n = 1483 subjects. Ten percent were assigned to the earliest ‘help‐seeking’ stage, 54% to the ‘attenuated syndrome’ stage, 25% to the ‘discrete disorder’ stage and 11% to the later ‘persistent or recurrent illness’ stage. The interrater reliability of independent ratings at baseline was acceptable (κ = 0.71). Subjects assigned to the ‘attenuated syndrome’ stage reported symptom and disability scores that were similar to those assigned to later stages. Longitudinally (median = 48 weeks), transition to later clinical stages were 11% of the ‘help‐seeking’, 19% of the ‘attenuated syndrome’ and 33% of the ‘discrete disorder’ groups.Conclusion: Among young people presenting for mental health care, most are clinically staged as having ‘attenuated syndromes’. Despite access to specialized treatment, a significant number progress to more severe or persistent disorders.
Standardized ‘no‐touch’ donor tissue preparation for DALK and DMEK: harvesting undamaged anterior and posterior transplants from the same donor cornea
Authors: Groeneveld‐van Beek Esther A. , Lie Jessica T. , van der Wees Jacqueline , Bruinsma Marieke , Melles Gerrit R. J. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe a standardized ‘no‐touch’ harvesting technique of anterior and Descemet membrane (DM) grafts for use in deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK), which provides undamaged anterior and posterior corneal grafts.Methods:  A retrospective evaluation was performed of our standard method for harvesting DM grafts and DALK grafts (Technique I; n = 31) versus a newly designed ‘no‐touch’ technique (Technique II; n = 31), in which a peripheral ring of trabecular meshwork tissue is left in‐situ, and the DM graft is trephined on an underlying soft contact lens. Endothelial cell density (ECD) before and immediately after DM stripping was used as the main outcome parameter.Results:  Endothelial cell density did not differ within Techniques I and II (before versus after DM stripping) (p = 0.75 and p = 0.54, respectively) or among Techniques I and II (p = 0.61). With the latter technique, anterior corneal grafts and posterior DM grafts could be harvested with negligible damage to the endothelial cell layer or the posterior stromal bed. All 93 grafts (62 DM grafts) were eligible for transplantation, and six months post‐operatively all transplants used were functional.Conclusion:  The new technique offers the following advantages: (i) production of ‘undamaged’ grafts for DALK and DMEK, (ii) better controlled tissue handling of the thin DM graft during DM stripping and (iii) an increase in availability of corneal grafts obtained from the same donor tissue pool.
MODULATION OF FRET THROUGH THE SPECTRAL-OVERLAP STRATEGY
Authors: YU HAIBO , XIAO YI 
Published: June 2012

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an important photophysical mechanism which finds many applications in biophotonics, particularly in biological sensing and imaging. It is well known, there are two major factors that determine the efficiency of FRET. One is the distance between the donor and the acceptor, and the other is the overlap of the donor's emission and the acceptor's absorption spectra. However, while the distance-modulation of FRET is very popular, the spectral-overlap-modulation draws much less attention. In this talk, I would like to illustrate the importance of the strategy of spectral-overlap-modulation. The presentation will include our works on the construction of highly efficient FRET systems featuring the short and rigid linker between the donor and acceptor moieties, and several typical examples of spectral-overlap-modulation strategy applied in the development of ratiometric sensors.