bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential pulse voltammetric determination and catalytic oxidation of sulfamethoxazole using [5,10,15,20‐ tetrakis (3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxy phenyl) porphyrinato] Cu (II) modified carbon paste sensor
Authors: Joseph Renjini , Girish Kumar K. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSulfamethoxazole (SM) is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic. Its primary activity is against susceptible forms of streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenzae, and oral anaerobes. It is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections. In addition it can be used as an alternative to amoxicillin‐based antibiotics to treat sinusitis. It can also be used to treat toxoplasmosis. In the present work, a metalloporphyrin modified carbon paste sensor was fabricated and the electrochemical behaviour of SM was studied using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Cu (II) complex of 5,10,15,20‐ tetrakis (3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxy phenyl) porphyrin (TMHPP Cu (II)) was used as the active material. Compared with bare carbon paste electrode (CPE), the TMHPP Cu (II) modified CPE exhibits excellent enhancement effect on the electrochemical oxidation of SM. A well‐defined oxidation peak of SM occurs at − 140 mV in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 6. All the experimental parameters were optimized and it was found that under optimum conditions the oxidation peak current was linear to the concentration of SM in the range of 1.0 × 10−2–1.0 × 10−8M with a detection limit of 1.5 × 10−9M. The developed sensor has been successfully applied for the determination of SM in pharmaceutical formulations and urine sample. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rapid and most sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of alverine and its major metabolite, para hydroxy alverine, in human plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study
Authors: Ghosh Chinmoy , Jha Vijay , Ahir Ramesh , Shah Sujal , Shinde C.P. , Chakraborty Bhaswat S. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA rapid and highly sensitive method for the determination of alverine (ALV) and its metabolite, para hydroxy alverine (PHA), in human plasma using LC‐MS/MS in positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) in multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode was developed and validated. The procedure involves a simple solid phase extraction (SPE). Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Hypersil GOLD C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with an isocratic mobile phase and a total run time of 1.5 min. The standard calibration curves showed excellent linearity within the range of 0.060–10.051 ng/mL for ALV and 0.059–10.017 ng/mL for PHA (r ≥ 0.990). This method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of alverine citrate 120 mg capsule in Indian healthy male volunteers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropilin‐1 interacts with the second branchial arch microenvironment to mediate chick neural crest cell dynamics
Authors: McLennan Rebecca , Kulesa Paul M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCranial neural crest cells (NCCs) require neuropilin signaling to reach and invade the branchial arches. Here, we use an in vivo chick model to investigate whether the neuropilin‐1 knockdown phenotype is specific to the second branchial arch (ba2), changes in NCC behaviors and phenotypic consequences, and whether neuropilins work together to facilitate entry into and invasion of ba2. We find that cranial NCCs with reduced neuropilin‐1 expression displayed shorter protrusions and decreased cell body and nuclear length‐to‐width ratios characteristic of a loss in polarity and motility, after specific interaction with ba2. Directed NCC migration was rescued by transplantation of transfected NCCs into rhombomere 4 of younger hosts. Lastly, reduction of neuropilin‐2 expression by shRNA either solely or with reduction of neuropilin‐1 expression did not lead to a stronger head phenotype. Thus, NCCs, independent of rhombomere origin, require neuropilin‐1, but not neuropilin‐2 to maintain polarity and directed migration into ba2. Developmental Dynamics 239:1664–1673, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Copper‐Catalyzed Activation of Disulfides as a Key Step in the Synthesis of Benzothiazole Moieties
Authors: Hyvl Jakub , Srogl Jiri 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA convenient synthesis of substituted benzothiazoles has been accomplished by way of a copper catalyzed reaction of aromatic disulfide amines and aldehydes. The process, which involves copper catalyzed activation of disulfide functionality, proceeds in a tandem fashion via C–H bond activation, followed by aerobic oxidation of a resulting dihydrobenzothiazole intermediate. The scope and limitations of the reaction are demonstrated on a variety of substrates.
HnRNP K and PDI marked response to chemotherapy to human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Peng , Huang Long , Ma Yan‐lei , Peng Jia‐yuan , Shen Tong‐yi , Chen Hong‐qi , Zhou Yu‐kun , Zhang Ming , Chu Zhao‐xin , Qin Huan‐long 
Published: April 2010

Abstract5‐Fluorouracil has been the chemotherapy agent of first‐choice for colorectal cancer for many years, but since there are no proven predictors of a patient's response to therapy, all patients receive similar treatment. Consequently, identification of biomarkers for therapeutic effect is crucial for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Two human colorectal cancer cell lines of different metastatic potential (LoVo and SW480) were studied. IC50 of 5‐FU for both cell lines were measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethy‐lthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium assay and validated by cell cycle analysis. Then the cell lines were treated with 5‐FU at IC50 concentration and protein was extracted for 2‐DE. Differential protein spots were examined by MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS. The expression levels of the different proteins were further confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Eleven proteins were identified. Expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) in LoVo cells was higher than in SW480 cells, while protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) displayed the opposite trend. After treatment with 5‐FU, the expression of hnRNP K in LoVo decreased more significantly than in SW480, while PDI in SW480 increased more significantly than in LoVo cells. Conclusion: hnRNP K and PDI in the two cell lines have different expression characteristics. The sensitivity to 5‐FU is not consistent in tumor progression. It may assist in development of novel treatment strategies for colorectal cancer metastasis.
A multidimensional electrophoretic system of separation for the analysis of gene expression (MESSAGE)
Authors: Lindemann Elena , Rohde Bettina , Rupp Steffen , Regenbogen Johannes , Sohn Kai 
Published: April 2010

AbstractDifferential gene expression profiling has become of central importance for the analysis of cellular systems at the transcriptional level. By now, many platform technologies including DNA‐microarrays, serial analysis of gene expression or RNA‐seq have been established in order to facilitate transcriptional profiling. However, these technologies are all subjected to specific limitations, as they require a priori knowledge of annotated genome sequences or are based on substantial bioinformatic infrastructure, for example. As an unbiased alternative we describe here a multidimensional electrophoretic system of separation for the analysis of gene expression for the global transcriptional profiling in any eukaryotic organism. This approach is compatible with standard laboratory equipment comprising high‐resolution separation of complex cDNA‐probes using two‐dimensional DNA‐gel electrophoresis. In this context cDNA fragments are separated using non‐denaturing PAGE in the first dimension with subsequent denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. Two‐dimensional spot patterns are quantified by well‐established bioinformatic algorithms and selected spots are identified using DNA sequencing. Neither does this method necessarily depend on annotated genome sequences, nor does it require sophisticated instrumentation. Strikingly, quantitative data on differential gene expression derived from multidimensional electrophoretic system of separation for the analysis of gene expression highly correlate with corresponding data from quantitative RT‐PCR even for transcriptional profiles of limited amounts of total RNA.
Template tailoring: Accurate determination of heterozygous alleles using peptide nucleic acid and dideoxyNTP
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Akram , Pourmand Nader 
Published: April 2010

AbstractMeasurement of the length of DNA fragments plays a pivotal role in genetic mapping, disease diagnostics, human identification and forensic applications. PCR followed by electrophoresis is used for DNA length measurement of STRs, a process that requires labeled primers and allelic ladders as standards to avoid machine error. Sequencing‐based approaches can be used for STR analysis to eliminate the requirement of labeled primers and allelic ladder. However, the limiting factor with this approach is unsynchronized polymerization in heterozygous sample analysis, in which alleles with different lengths can lead to imbalanced heterozygote peak height ratios. We have developed a rapid DNA length measurement method using peptide nucleic acid and dideoxy dNTPs to “tailor” DNA templates for accurate sequencing to overcome this hurdle. We also devised an accelerated “dyad” pyrosequencing strategy, such that the combined approach can be used as a faster, more accurate alternative to de novo sequencing. Dyad sequencing interrogates two bases at a time by allowing the polymerase to incorporate two nucleotides to DNA template, cutting the analysis time in half. In addition, for the first time, we show the effect of peptide nucleic acid as a blocking probe to stop polymerization, which is essential to analyze the heterozygous samples by sequencing. This approach provides a new platform for rapid and cost‐effective DNA length measurement for STRs and resequencing of small DNA fragments.
Mapping of phosphorylation sites in human MSK1 activated by a novel interaction with MRK‐β
Authors: Wang Wei , Han Guanghui , Ye Mingliang , Shi Huili , Zou Hanfa , Huo Keke 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe desire to map reliable phosphorylation signaling network has motivated the development of high‐performance techniques. Targeted biochemical studies and updated methods employing MS techniques are most used in mapping the phosphorylation sites and verifying novel interactions of kinases. Previously, we have established a novel method to efficiently facilitate more comprehensive, accurate phosphorylation site mapping of individual phosphoproteins by using combination of multiple stage MS analysis with target‐decoy database search against the much smaller targeted database. In this study, by applying this method, we have identified the phosphorylation sites in human MSK1 mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase 1), which has been proved to be a multi‐phosphorylated kinase that plays key roles in various cell functions, activated by a novel interaction with MRK‐β. The results show that this method can find out not only those previously identified active sites in MSK1, but also some novel phosphorylated sites, which correlates with biochemical evidence that, besides p38 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, MRK‐β could also activate MSK1 through direct interaction. Hence, we conclude this method is sensitive and reliable as expected and it can be further combined with automated screening and biochemical study in efficiently building up a more comprehensive phosphoprotein network.
Preparation of a neutral porous monolith and its evaluation in pressurized capillary electrochromatography with neutral and charged solutes
Authors: Lin Jia , Lin Jian , Lin Xucong , Wu Xiaoping , Xie Zenghong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA neutral, nonpolar monolithic capillary column was evaluated as a hydrophobic stationary phase in pressurized CEC system for neutral, acidic and basic solutes. The monolith was prepared by in situ copolymerization of octadecyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate in a binary porogenic solvent consisting of cyclohexanol/1,4‐butanediol. EOF in this hydrophobic monolithic column was poor; even the pH value of the mobile phase was high. Because of the absence of fixed charges, the monolithic capillary column was free of electrostatic interactions with charged solutes. Separations of neutral solutes were based on the hydrophobic mechanism with the pressure as the driving force. The acidic and basic solutes were separated under pressurized CEC mode with the pressure and electrophoretic mobility as the driving force. The separation selectivity of charged solutes were based on their differences in electrophoretic mobility and hydrophobic interaction with the stationary phase, and no obvious peak tailing for basic analytes was observed. Effects of the mobile phase compositions on the retention of acidic compounds were also investigated. Under optimized conditions, high plate counts reaching 82 000 plates/m for neutral compounds, 134 000 plates/m for acid compounds and 150 000 plates/m for basic compounds were readily obtained.
SCALES: a large‐scale assessment model of soil erosion hazard in Basse‐Normandie (northern‐western France)
Authors: Le Gouée P. , Delahaye D. , Bermond M. , Marie M. , Douvinet J. , Viel V. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe cartography of erosion risk is mainly based on the development of models, which evaluate in a qualitative and quantitative manner the physical reproduction of the erosion processes (CORINE, EHU, INRA). These models are mainly semi‐quantitative but can be physically based and spatially distributed (the Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment, PESERA). They are characterized by their simplicity and their applicability potential at large temporal and spatial scales. In developing our model SCALES (Spatialisation d'éChelle fine de l'ALéa Erosion des Sols/large‐scale assessment and mapping model of soil erosion hazard), we had in mind several objectives: (1) to map soil erosion at a regional scale with the guarantee of a large accuracy on the local level, (2) to envisage an applicability of the model in European oceanic areas, (3) to focus the erosion hazard estimation on the level of source areas (on‐site erosion), which are the agricultural parcels, (4) to take into account the weight of the temporality of agricultural practices (land‐use concept). Because of these objectives, the nature of variables, which characterize the erosion factors and because of its structure, SCALES differs from other models. Tested in Basse‐Normandie (Calvados 5500 km2) SCALES reveals a strong predisposition of the study area to the soil erosion which should require to be expressed in a wet year. Apart from an internal validation, we tried an intermediate one by comparing our results with those from INRA and PESERA. It appeared that these models under estimate medium erosion levels and differ in the spatial localization of areas with the highest erosion risks. SCALES underlines here the limitations in the use of pedo‐transfer functions and the interpolation of input data with a low resolution.One must not forget however that these models are mainly focused on an interregional comparative approach. Therefore the comparison of SCALES data with those of the INRA and PESERA models cannot result on a convincing validation of our model. For the moment the validation is based on the opinion of local experts, who agree with the qualitative indications delivered by our cartography. An external validation of SCALES is foreseen, which will be based on a thorough inventory of erosion signals in areas with different hazard levels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The geomorphology and evolution of a large barrier spit: Farewell Spit, New Zealand
Authors: Tribe Helen M. , Kennedy David M. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFarewell Spit is a 25 km long barrier spit that marks the end of a littoral drift system, almost 1000 km in length that runs along South Island, New Zealand. The spit is composed of barchan dunes over 20 m high, sand sheets over 1 km wide and vegetated linear dunes. Analysis of aerial photography indicates a rapid colonization of the spit by vegetation which has expanded in area by 75% since 1950. Vegetation colonization preferentially occurs on the southern side of the spit, with its northern margin characterized by barchan dunes which migrate at rates of up to 64 m/yr. Sand sourced from longshore drift appears to be the primary source of beach sediment, which is then transported into the dune field by the persistent westerly winds of the Roaring 40s. While there has been significant dune roll‐over on the surface of the spit, its overall area has remained much the same for the past 54 years. Occasional cyclone events cause erosion, but this is balanced by aeolian sediment transport. It would appear that extension of the subaerial portion of the spit is related to the development of shells banks at its downdrift end which are periodically welded to the main spit by dune extension. Farewell Spit therefore provides an ideal example of a barrier environment where longshore sediment supply and aeolian transport dominates geomorphic evolution. This differentiates the study site from other barrier environments where overwash or tidal inlet development often characterizes recent landform evolution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metal (As, Cd, Hg, and CH3Hg) bioaccumulation from water and food by the benthic amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus
Authors: Williams Jason J. , Dutton Jessica , Chen Celia Y. , Fisher Nicholas S. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Benthic invertebrates may be exposed to metals in pore water, overlying water, ingested sediments, and other food particles. Rates and routes of metal exposure have important implications for predicting toxicity and interpreting toxicity test results. For the standard test amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus, radiotracer techniques were used to quantify rates of Cd, As, Hg(II), and CH3Hg bioaccumulation from water and from suspension feeding on labeled microalgae. Measured parameters were incorporated into a bioaccumulation model to predict steady-state metal concentrations in L. plumulosus and to evaluate the relative importance of aqueous and dietary uptake pathways across a range of ingested particle types and ingestion rates. Results indicate that ingested particles contribute strongly to metal bioaccumulation and that feeding plasticity could strongly influence metal exposure. As L. plumulosus switches from suspension feeding to deposit feeding or selectively feeds on particles for which it has a high assimilation efficiency, metal exposure and body burden will increase. At ingestion rates previously reported for deposit feeding (3 g/g/d), dietary metal sources dominate metal bioaccumulation and can be responsible for greater than 90% of metal bioaccumulated, regardless of metal partitioning or ingested particle type. These results suggest that more research on L. plumulosus feeding behavior is needed to produce a more complete mechanistic understanding of metal bioaccumulation. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010; 29:1755–1761. © 2010 SETAC
Acute toxicity of emamectin benzoate and its desmethyl metabolite to Eohaustorius estuarius
Authors: Kuo Jen-ni , Buday Craig , van Aggelen Graham , Ikonomou Michael George , Pasternak John 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Emamectin benzoate is one of the active ingredients of the anti-sealice drug SLICE®. Ten-day acute sediment lethal tests (10-d LC50) of emamectin benzoate and its desmethyl metabolite (AB1) were conducted to determine LC50 values using a sensitive representative West Coast amphipod crustacean, Eohaustorius estuarius. The 10-d LC50s of emamectin benzoate and AB1 to E. estuarius were 0.185 and 0.019 mg/kg wet weight sediment (0.146 and 0.015 mg/kg dry wt), respectively. The degradation properties of emamectin benzoate and AB1 during the 10-d period were also measured and described. No obvious decay patterns were observed for either emamectin benzoate and AB1 over the 10-d period. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010; 29:1816–1820. © 2010 SETAC
Fate of fluorotelomer acids in a soil–water microcosm
Authors: Myers Anne L. , Mabury Scott A. 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
Fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (FTCAs) and the corresponding unsaturated acids (FTUCAs) are known intermediates in the biodegradation of industrially produced fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) to environmentally persistent perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs). The FTCAs and FTUCAs are of concern for their toxicity, reactivity, and unknown disposition in the environment. The fate of these compounds was investigated in a simple sediment–water microcosm system. Microcosms were spiked with 8:2 FTCA, 10:2 FTCA, 8:2 FTUCA, or 10:2 FTUCA, after which sediment and water samples were collected over time and analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The FTCAs and FTUCAs investigated in the present study were observed to degrade rapidly, and sorption of these analytes to sediment was found to be greater for the 10:2 telomer acids compared with the corresponding 8:2 telomer acids. Identifiable degradation products of FTCAs and FTUCAs were observed; however, an overall molar balance could not be achieved. The observed reactivity and lability of these analytes may contribute to the low levels of FTCAs detected in environmental samples. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010; 29:1689–1695. © 2010 SETAC
pH dependence of binding benzo[h]quinoline and humic acid and effects on fluorescence quenching
Authors: Hsieh Ping-Chieh , Hsu Shih-Han , Lee Chon-Lin , Brimblecombe Peter 
Published: April 2010

Abstract
The binding constant (KDOC) between humic acid and the nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compound (N-PAC), benzo[h]quinoline, was measured at varying pH levels using fluorescence quenching (FQ). Because fluorescence characteristics of benzo[h]quinoline change with pH, determination required two optimum sets of excitation and emission wavelength pairs. A simple mixing model was used to eliminate the inherent fluorescence interference between benzo[h]quinoline and its protonated form, benzo[h]quinolinium, when estimating binding constants. Hydrophobic interaction is likely to control the binding between humic acid and benzo[h]quinoline and benzo[h]quinolinium, in lower and higher pH ranges (pH &lt;3, pH &gt;6). In contrast, cation exchange seems to control the binding affinity of benzo[h]quinolinium in the middle range of pH. The estimates of KDOC were up to 70% smaller after elimination of interference. This indicates that the contribution of the minor form influences estimates of the KDOC–pH trend for benzo[h]quinoline, and potentially explains the large discrepancy reported in the literature between results based on using FQ and those based on equilibrium dialysis methods. Previous FQ measurements overestimate KDOC at some pH values and lead to an underestimation of bioavailability in an aquatic environment. The application of our models appears to be necessary when using FQ for determining the KDOC–pH trend for organic compounds with acid–base pair analogs. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010; 29:1696–1702. © 2010 SETAC