bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglia in radiation‐induced brain injury: Cellular and molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential
Authors: Wang Yafeng , Tian Jiayu , Liu Dandan , Li Tao , Mao Yanna , Zhu Changlian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundRadiation‐induced brain injury is a neurological condition resulting from radiotherapy for malignant tumors, with its underlying pathogenesis still not fully understood. Current hypotheses suggest that immune cells, particularly the excessive activation of microglia in the central nervous system and the migration of peripheral immune cells into the brain, play a critical role in initiating and progressing the injury. This review aimed to summarize the latest advances in the cellular and molecular mechanisms and the therapeutic potential of microglia in radiation‐induced brain injury.MethodsThis article critically examines recent developments in understanding the role of microglia activation in radiation‐induced brain injury. It elucidates associated mechanisms and explores novel research pathways and therapeutic options for managing this condition.ResultsPost‐irradiation, activated microglia release numerous inflammatory factors, exacerbating neuroinflammation and facilitating the onset and progression of radiation‐induced damage. Therefore, controlling microglial activation and suppressing the secretion of related inflammatory factors is crucial for preventing radiation‐induced brain injury. While microglial activation is a primary factor in neuroinflammation, the precise mechanisms by which radiation prompts this activation remain elusive. Multiple signaling pathways likely contribute to microglial activation and the progression of radiation‐induced brain injury.ConclusionsThe intricate microenvironment and molecular mechanisms associated with radiation‐induced brain injury underscore the crucial roles of immune cells in its onset and progression. By investigating the interplay among microglia, neurons, astrocytes, and peripheral immune cells, potential strategies emerge to mitigate microglial activation, reduce the release of inflammatory agents, and impede the entry of peripheral immune cells into the brain.
Characterising individuals with a substance use disorder accessing hospital‐based addiction care: Preliminary description of the outcomes for patients accessing addiction care prospective cohort study
Authors: James Hannah , Morgan Jeffrey , Nolan Seonaid 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with a substance use disorder (SUD) often face barriers to accessing health care, resulting in unmet needs and delayed care. Hospital‐based services have the potential to engage individuals with a SUD in ongoing treatment, but there is limited literature characterising this population.MethodsThe Outcomes for Patients Accessing Addiction Care study was a prospective hospital‐based cohort study conducted at St. Paul's Hospital in Vancouver, Canada. Participants were recruited from January 2018 to March 2020. Data were collected through an interviewer‐administered questionnaire, including socio‐demographic information, substance use history and mental health screening.ResultsThe cohort included 536 participants, with 31% aged 30–39 years, 63% identifying as White and 74% reporting male sex at birth. Nearly half of the participants were either homeless or living in single room occupancy. Use of substances more than once per week was reported for tobacco/nicotine (86%), marijuana (43%), non‐medical use of prescription drugs (29%), illicit stimulants (52%) and illicit opioids (61%).Discussion and ConclusionThis preliminary report provides a description of a hospital‐based cohort of individuals with a SUD accessing addiction care. The findings highlight demographic characteristics, mental health issues, substance use patterns and barriers to accessing services. Understanding these factors can inform the development of patient‐centred interventions and improve engagement and retention in addiction care. Further research is needed to explore interventions and program effectiveness in this population.
Vindicating universalism: Pragmatic genealogy and moral progress
Authors: Blunden Charlie , Lane Benedict 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHow do we justify the normative standards to which we appeal in support of our moral progress judgments, given their historical and cultural contingency? To answer this question in a noncircular way, Elizabeth Anderson and Philip Kitcher appeal exclusively to formal features of the methodology by which a moral change was brought about; some moral methodologies are systematically less prone to bias than others and are therefore less vulnerable to error. However, we argue that the methodologies espoused by Anderson and Kitcher implicitly appeal to the substantive principle of “moral universalism.” This sets up the positive project of the paper: an attempt to vindicate moral universalism with a pragmatic genealogy. Using resources from cultural evolutionary theory and the history of ideas we argue that the universalistic norms widely committed to in many societies today have the function of maintaining cooperation in large anonymous groups. Furthermore, while universalistic norms play this instrumental role, their functional benefits are best secured when people following such norms do so for intrinsic rather than instrumental reasons. Finally, having elaborated our pragmatic genealogy, we close by considering how this genealogy should affect our commitment to moral universalism and how it can complement the methods of Anderson and Kitcher.
EU constitutional dismantling through strategic informalisation: Soft readmission governance as concerted dis‐integration
Authors: Moreno‐Lax Violeta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis contribution takes issue with what I have called the ‘constitutional dismantling’ of external migration policy through the tactical informalisation of readmission cooperation. It maps out the strategic use of soft law mediating the tacit approval or active involvement of the main EU actors. The strategy is supposed to enhance policy outcomes but is at the expense of foundational principles. The principles of conferral, institutional balance, and sincere/loyal cooperation impose key constraints on EU/Member State action that the choice for soft law ignores. My main contention is that this is not an unintended consequence, but a deliberate or, at least, tolerated result, amounting to a form of ‘concerted dis‐integration’ pursued by the very actors supposed to guard the EU integration project in line with Treaty provisions. The approach denotes the instrumentalisation of legal mechanisms for the advancement of policy objectives, embracing a regulation‐without‐legitimation paradigm that unravels the EU’s constitutional framework.
Exploring the capacities of ChatGPT: A comprehensive evaluation of its accuracy and repeatability in addressing helicobacter pylori‐related queries
Authors: Lai Yongkang , Liao Foqiang , Zhao Jiulong , Zhu Chunping , Hu Yi , Li Zhaoshen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundEducational initiatives on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) constitute a highly effective approach for preventing its infection and establishing standardized protocols for its eradication. ChatGPT, a large language model, is a potentially patient‐friendly online tool capable of providing health‐related knowledge. This study aims to assess the accuracy and repeatability of ChatGPT in responding to questions related to H. pylori.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one common questions about H. pylori were collected and categorized into four domains: basic knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. ChatGPT was utilized to individually answer the aforementioned 21 questions. Its responses were independently assessed by two experts on H. pylori. Questions with divergent ratings were resolved by a third reviewer. Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated to assess the consistency between the scores of the two reviewers.ResultsThe responses of ChatGPT on H. pylori‐related questions were generally satisfactory, with 61.9% marked as “completely correct” and 33.33% as “correct but inadequate.” The repeatability of the responses of ChatGPT to H. pylori‐related questions was 95.23%. Among the responses, those related to prevention (comprehensive: 75%) had the best response, followed by those on treatment (comprehensive: 66.7%), basic knowledge (comprehensive: 60%), and diagnosis (comprehensive: 50%). In the “treatment” domain, 16.6% of the ChatGPT responses were categorized as “mixed with correct or incorrect/outdated data.” However, ChatGPT still lacks relevant knowledge regarding H. pylori resistance and the use of sensitive antibiotics.ConclusionsChatGPT can provide correct answers to the majority of H. pylori‐related queries. It exhibited good reproducibility and delivered responses that were easily comprehensible to patients. Further enhancement of real‐time information updates and correction of inaccurate information will make ChatGPT an essential auxiliary tool for providing accurate H. pylori‐related health information to patients.
Enhanced properties of multi‐element soluted (Nb0.8Ti0.05Zr0.05Mo0.05M0.05)4AlC3 (M = Hf, Ta) ceramics
Authors: Soomro Sumair Ahmed , Jahanger Muhammad Irfan , Khan Maaz Ullah , Zhou Yanchun , Fu Shuai , Wan Detian , Bao Yiwang , Feng Qingguo , Hu Chunfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecently multielements solid solution has shown significant improvement to the mechanical properties of parent MAX phases. Therefore, in this work, five elements with different radii were incorporated to check the effect on properties of MAX phases. (Nb0.8Ti0.05Zr0.05Mo0.05Hf0.05)4AlC3 (MAXHf) and (Nb0.8Ti0.05Zr0.05Mo0.05Ta0.05)4AlC3 (MAXTa) ceramics were successfully synthesized using the spark plasma sintering technique. The microstructure and elemental map analysis results further confirmed that the five transition metals were successfully solid soluted at the M‐sites of the hexagonal M4AlC3 unit cell. The mean elemental compositions for M‐site elements were achieved as Nb0.85Ti0.052Zr0.035Mo0.027Hf0.036 and Nb0.847Ti0.051Zr0.043Mo0.025Ta0.033 for MAXHf and MAXTa ceramics, respectively. The electrical and thermal conductivities of multielement solid solution MAX phases were decreased compared to pure Nb4AlC3. However, Mechanical properties were significantly increased with the solid solution of five transition metals. The fracture toughness, flexural strength, compressive strength and Vickers hardness (10 N) of MAXHf and MAXTa ceramics were achieved as 8.87 MPa m1/2, 448 MPa, 867 MPa, 6.5 GPa and 10.36 MPa m1/2, 557 MPa, 1039 MPa, 8.2 GPa, respectively. The enhanced mechanical properties suggest the effectiveness of the solid solution strengthening effect and provide new opportunities to further tailor the mechanical properties of the MAX phase ceramics.
Utilisation of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (PY91K) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Y48) to control Clostridium sporogenes during Turkish white cheese production and storage
Authors: Demirbaş Fatma Nur , Arıcı Muhammet , Dertli Enes 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis study investigated the inhibition of Clostridium species, isolated from cheeses with late‐blowing defects, by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Four batches of Turkish white cheeses were produced; control cheese, cheese sample containing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (PY91K) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Y48) as protective cultures (LAB), a cheese sample containing the protective culture and inoculated with Clostridium sporogenes spores (CL‐LAB) and finally a cheese sample containing only Cl. sporogenes spores (CL). White cheese's microbiological and physicochemical properties were also determined throughout the 90‐day storage period at 4 °C. Approximately 1 log reduction in Cl. sporogenes (ZMP‐1‐4) spores was observed in the LAB co‐inoculated Turkish white cheese samples.
Effect of air‐abrasion pretreatment with three desensitizing agents on efficacy of in‐office tooth bleaching
Authors: Memis Ioannis , Dionysopoulos Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Constantinos , Mourouzis Petros , Davidopoulou Sotiria , Tolidis Kosmas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of air‐abrasion of enamel with three different desensitizing powders on the whitening effect of a bleaching gel containing 40% H2O2, which was used for in‐office tooth bleaching.Materials and MethodsForty human incisors, extracted and prepared, were acquired for this study and subsequently randomized into four groups (n = 10). The control group specimens underwent no pretreatment prior to the bleaching procedure, whereas the remaining three groups underwent air abrasion using distinct desensitizing powders; (a) Sylc, which contains bioglass 45S5; (b) BioMinF, which contains calcium phospho‐fluoro‐silicate glass; and (c) MI Pearls, which contains nano‐hydroxyapatite, 1 h preceding the Opalescence Boost PF 40% bleaching procedure. Color measurements were conducted using a double‐beam UV–Vis spectrophotometer at four distinct time points (prior to bleaching, 24 h, 15 days, and 30 days post‐bleaching).ResultsTooth color change outcomes revealed that there were no statistically significant results with respect to the interaction of the two criteria (treatments and time) (p = 0.990). Additionally, there were no statistically significant results with respect to the main effects of treatments (p = 0.385), while there were statistically significant effects with respect to the time criterion (p = 0.013).ConclusionsThe use of the tested desensitizing powders prior the bleaching procedure did not affect the tooth color change induced by the tested bleaching agent.Clinical SignificanceTooth color change and whiteness are not affected by air‐abrasion desensitizing treatments when applied prior to in‐office bleaching procedures.
Incidence and risk factors of post‐operative delirium in glioma patients: A prospective cohort study in general wards
Authors: Yuan Caiyun , Cheng Ziying , Liu Yapeng , You Yuan , Wang Linlin , Li Deling , Zhong Liyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsGlioma patients are at high risk for postoperative delirium (POD), yet studies focusing on this population in general neurosurgical ward settings are limited. This paper investigates the incidence of POD and related risk factors in glioma patients hospitalized in general wards.DesignProspective observational study.MethodsThis prospective study included 133 adult glioma patients hospitalized in the general neurosurgery ward. In addition to collecting routine perioperative general clinical data, patients' psychological status was assessed preoperatively using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). POD was assessed within 3 days postoperatively using the Confusion of Consciousness Assessment method, twice daily. The incidence of POD was calculated, and risk factors were identified using logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe incidence of POD in glioma patients admitted to the general ward was 31.6% (40/133). Multivariate regression revealed advanced age (age > 50 years), frontal lobe tumour, presence of preoperative anxiety or depression, retention of a luminal drain, postoperative pain, indwelling catheter these six factors were independent risk factors for the development of delirium in patients after surgery.ConclusionIn general ward settings, supratentorial glioma patients exhibit a high risk of POD. Critical risk factors include preoperative psychological conditions, as well as postoperative pain, drainage and catheterization. Rigorous preoperative evaluations, effective pain management strategies and the integration of humanistic care principles are essential in mitigating the risk of POD for glioma patients.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIn general ward settings, this study reveals the high occurrence of POD in glioma patients and identifies preoperative psychological states, age, tumour location and several postoperative factors as significant risk factors for POD, which provides a framework for targeted interventions. By integrating these insights into clinical practice, healthcare teams can better identify glioma patients at risk for POD and implement preventive measures, thereby enhancing recovery and overall care quality for glioma patients in general neurosurgical wards.Reporting MethodThis study adheres to the STROBE guidelines, ensuring a transparent and comprehensive reporting of the observational research methodology and results.Patient or Public ContributionPatients involvement was limited to the provision of data through their participation in the study's assessments and the collection of clinical information. The study did not involve a direct patient or public contribution in the design, conduct, analysis, or interpretation of the data, nor in the preparation of the manuscript.
REM sleep and neurodegeneration
Authors: Pérez‐Carbonell Laura , Iranzo Alex 
Published: June 2024

SummarySeveral brainstem, subcortical and cortical areas are involved in the generation of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The alteration of these structures as a result of a neurodegenerative process may therefore lead to REM sleep anomalies. REM sleep behaviour disorder is associated with nightmares, dream‐enacting behaviours and increased electromyographic activity in REM sleep. Its isolated form is a harbinger of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease or dementia with Lewy bodies, and neuroprotective interventions are advocated. This link might also be present in patients taking antidepressants, with post‐traumatic stress disorder, or with a history of repeated traumatic head injury. REM sleep likely contributes to normal memory processes. Its alteration has also been proposed to be part of the neuropathological changes occurring in Alzheimer's disease.
Habenular volume changes after venlafaxine treatment in patients with major depression
Authors: Etienne Josselin , Boutigny Alexandre , David Denis J , Deflesselle Eric , Gressier Florence , Becquemont Laurent , Corruble Emmanuelle , Colle Romain 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundHabenula, a hub brain region controlling monoaminergic brain center, has been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD) and as a possible target of antidepressant response. Nevertheless, the effect of antidepressant drug treatment on habenular volumes remains unknown. The objective of the present research was to study habenular volume change after antidepressant treatment in patients with MDD, and assess whether it is associated with clinical improvement.MethodsFifty patients with a current major depressive episode (MDE) in the context of MDD, and antidepressant‐free for at least 1 month, were assessed for habenula volume (3T MRI with manual segmentation) before and after a 3 months sequence of venlafaxine antidepressant treatment.ResultsA 2.3% significant increase in total habenular volume (absolute volume: P = 0.0013; relative volume: P = 0.0055) and a 3.3% significant increase in left habenular volume (absolute volume: P = 0.00080; relative volume: P = 0.0028) were observed. A significant greater variation was observed in male patients (4.8%) compared to female patients. No association was observed between habenular volume changes and response and remission. Some habenula volume changes were associated with improvement of olfactory pleasantness.ConclusionHabenular volumes increased after 3 months of venlafaxine treatment in depressed patients. Further studies should assess whether cell proliferation and density or dendritic structure variations are implied in these volume changes.
A molecular phylogeny of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) unveils extensive concordance but intriguing divergences from morphological results
Authors: Li Xuankun , Hash John M. , Hartop Emily , Yang Ding , Smith Paul T. , Brown Brian V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe present the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) to date based on seven genetic loci—four protein‐coding genes: arginine kinase (AK), carbamoylphosphate synthase 2 domain of CAD (rudimentary; CAD2), cytochrome oxidase I (CO1), NADH1 dehydrogenase (ND1) and three ribosomal DNAs: 12S, 18S and 28S. Our analyses include 122 species including nine outgroup taxa and 113 phorids (representing 61 genera). Phylogenetic relationships based on the approximately 5.3 kb of sequence data were inferred by maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Results are broadly congruent with recent morphological phylogenies of the group, with some significant exceptions. Our data support the monophyletic Sciadocerinae as sister to the remainder of the family. However, we found Ctenopleuriphora Liu to be sister to Phorinae with low support, and subfamilies Chonocephalinae and Termitoxeniinae are placed deep within Phorinae, and their monophyly is not consistently recovered. Our dating analyses indicate a lower Cretaceous origin of Phoridae at 120.8 Ma (125.4–111.2 Ma).
Electrochemotherapy in dogs and cats–A review
Authors: Ramos Sofia Chichorro , Dias‐Pereira Patrícia , Luís Ana Lúcia , MacFarlane Michael , Santos Andreia Alexandra 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemotherapy (ECT) is a treatment modality that combines the electroporation of cell membranes with chemotherapy to facilitate the transport of non‐permeant molecules into cells. Several canine and feline studies have shown promising results, suggesting that ECT can be a valid adjuvant or alternative treatment option for some tumours. The objective of this paper is to provide a bibliographic review of the principles and applications of ECT in veterinary medicine and to compare to its use in human medicine.
Selection of Beam, Plate, and Shell Theories Using an Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method and Neural Networks
Authors: Petrolo Marco , Iannotti Pierluigi , Pagani Alfonso , Carrera Erasmo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Using 1D and 2D theories for structural problems remains desirable to reduce computational costs. Beam (1D), plate, and shell (2D) elements require fewer degrees of freedom than 3D ones as their aspect ratio constraints are less demanding. The accuracy of 1D and 2D theories depends on the assumptions retained to build the primary unknown fields, e.g., the classical models for composites are the Classical Lamination Theory (CLT) and the First-Order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) do not consider transverse stretching. Over the last decades, many refined 1D and 2D models have been developed to overcome the limitations of classical theories and reduce the accuracy gap with 3D elements. The present work presents the latest developments concerning the synergistic use of the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF), the Axiomatic/Asymptotic Method (AAM), and Neural Networks (NN) to develop 1D and 2D models. CUF generates any-order theory’s governing equations and finite element (FE). AAM evaluates the influence of each generalized unknown variable on the solution to retain only those variables influencing the solution, reducing the number of degrees of freedom. NNs are used to explore the multitude of combinations of generalized variables and problem parameters, e.g., geometry, boundary conditions, material systems, and obtain the best theories for given input parameters. For the first time, this paper extends the approach to beam models for dynamic and static analyses. Various cross-section geometries are considered, and natural frequencies, modal shapes, and stress fields are evaluated. A displacement-based formulation is adopted in which the three displacement components are expanded over the cross-section using polynomials and CUF. AAM is then used to generate reduced models as accurate as 3D elements, and such models are then used to train NN. Trained NN accepts as input parameters, e.g., cross-section geometry or elastic properties, and provides the structural theory to use to fulfill the 3D accuracy requirement.