bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pH and washing on calcium and magnesium distribution between pulp and filtrate
Authors: Gemzická Eva , Šima Jozef , Vrška Milan , Holeš Martin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe impact of pH and washing procedure on calcium and magnesium distribution between pulp and filtrate in pulp processing was investigated. Depending on media pH, the elements are present in the form of ions (Ca2+, Mg2+) and hydrated oxides (Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2). Distribution was monitored using binary systems of CaCl2 and MgCl2 dissolved in deionized water or Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions present in filtrates from an industrial pulp mill. Complying with the relevant standards in force, Ca and Mg contents are expressed as CaO and MgO. The study was aimed at obtaining mathematic relations between pH and calcium and magnesium, as two important non-process elements, sorption on pulp. Distribution of the elements between pulp and liquid (filtrate or water) was determined with analytical procedures and simulation of pulp washing. It was found that both pH and filtrate composition influenced sorption/desorption of the elements on/from pulp. Filtrate from a pulp mill, mainly content of organic substances in liquid phase, affects their sorption on pulp and desorption to liquid. The higher the pH value the more efficient the sorption of the elements, magnesium being sorbed on pulp in higher amounts than calcium. Prevalence of the sorbed magnesium is preserved even at lower concentrations of both elements. Distribution of the elements between pulp and solution is expressed through mathematic relations which, in turn, can be employed to purposefully modify or optimize the distribution between the solid (pulp) and liquid (filtrate) media. Moreover, rationalized exploitation of mathematical relations enables balancing the elements within a cellulose manufacture, regulating media recycling, and predicting an eventual impact on technological processes.
Isolation, Identification and Pathogenicity Assessment of a new Isolate of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria Bassiana in Iran
Authors: Safavi Seyed 
Published: July 2010

Isolation, Identification and Pathogenicity Assessment of a new Isolate of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Beauveria Bassiana in IranA new isolate (BEH) of entomopathogenic fungus,Beauveria bassianawas isolated from soil using DOC2 selective medium. This isolate was characterized by conidiophores consisting of whorls and dense clusters of short conidiophorous cells with one-celled spherical conidia. Conidial length and width were 2.27±0.22 μm and 1.85±0.32 μm, respectively with length/width ratio of 1.23. Colonies on SDYA medium were normally white to pale yellow and sometimes red pigmented in reverse. Because of importance of this pathogen in biocontrol programs around the world and difficulties with morphological identification, a molecular technique was developed to assist complementary identification of the fungus. Pr1, a pathogenicity-related alkaline cuticle-degrading serine protease, with defined sequence inB. bassianawas amplified using PCR technique. The presence of this gene in isolated fungus (BEH) with 744 bp sequence length, as visualized on agarose gel affirmed the data from morphological studies that the new isolate (BEH) pertained to entomopathogenic fungus,B. bassiana. Pathogenicity of new isolate againstTenebrio molitorand its recovering was the other confirmation that the isolated fungus belonged toB. bassiana, using further light microscope studies.
Effect of Botanicals on Infestation Intensity of Aceria Guererronis Keifer in Coconut
Authors: Patnaik Susmita , Rout Kadambini , Pal Sasmita , Mukherjee Partha , Panda Prasanna , Sahoo Satyabrata 
Published: July 2010

Effect of Botanicals on Infestation Intensity of Aceria Guererronis Keifer in CoconutThe withdrawal of chemical pesticides opens up a new perspective to control pests through botanical extracts. The essential oils derived from various medicinal and aromatic plants proved to have antifungal, antibacterial and insecticidal properties. The present study is directed towards management of a dreaded pest of coconut i.e. eriophyid mite through exploitation of those properties of the plants. The efficacy of a botanical biocide formulated by using seven different aromatic and medicinal herbs against the infestation intensity of eriophyid mite was tested in the experiment at five different coconut farms in different coconut growing states of India. Four application of the formulated product resulted up to 72.17% damage reduction.
Toxicity of Essential Oil of Agastache Foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze to Oryzaephilus Surinamensis L. and Lasioderma Serricorne F.
Authors: Ebadollahi Asgar , Safaralizadeh Mohammad , Pourmirza Ali , Gheibi Seyyed 
Published: July 2010

Toxicity of Essential Oil ofAgastache Foeniculum(Pursh) Kuntze toOryzaephilus SurinamensisL. andLasioderma SerricorneF.The essential oil of aerial parts ofAgastache foeniculum(Lamiaceae) was isolated by hydrodistillation method and constituents of oil were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Methyl chavicol, 1,8-cineole, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone and germacrene D the predominant components of oil. Methyl chavicol (94.003%) was identified as a major component in the oil. Essential oil was tested for toxicity against adults ofOryzaephilus surinamensisL. andLasioderma serricorneF. The influence of different concentrations of the essential oil vapours on adult mortality was significant. Data of probit analysis showed that a lethal concentration of the essential oil to kill 50% of the population (LC50) for adults ofO. surinamensisandL. serricornewere 18.781 and 21.565 μl/l respectively.O. surinamensiswas more susceptible thanL. serricorneat the exposure time 24 h. The results demonstrated that mortality increased with the increase in concentration and exposure time. These results showed that the essential oil fromA. foeniculumcould be applicable the management of population of stored-product beetle pest.
Monitoring of Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) in Apple Orchards Using Two Methods
Authors: Kot Izabela 
Published: July 2010

Monitoring of Codling Moth (Cydia Pomonella L.) in Apple Orchards Using Two MethodsThe present studies were conducted in 1999-2001 in three apple orchards differing from each other by the system of cultivation, the type of agricultural treatments and chemical control of pests. Their purpose was to monitor codling moth (Cydia pomonellaL.) in different types of apple orchards using pheromone traps, finding out the relation between the occurrence of moths and the sum of effective temperatures as well as determining the number of wintering caterpillars of this species with the use of bands of corrugated paper. The analysis of male flight of codling moth on the basis of pheromone traps makes it possible to state the occurrence of two generations in each studied year. The maximum population of the first generation was observed in the second or third ten days of June, while that of the second generation in the first ten days of August. The moths flight began when the sum of effective temperatures was 109.2-145.2°C, and the mean diurnal temperature was 12.3-17.2°C.
First Notice of Phytophthora Aerial Blight and Crown Rot on Pansies in Poland
Authors: Orlikowski Leszek , Pļaszek Magdalena , Wojdyļa Adam , Skrzypczak Czesļaw 
Published: July 2010

First Notice ofPhytophthoraAerial Blight and Crown Rot on Pansies in PolandPhytophthora cactorumwas detected on &9/10; of pansies showing yellowing of leaves and crown rot symptoms and constituted about 90% of isolates obtained.Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum, F. solaniandPythium ultimumwere also isolated from diseased tissues. Using rhododendron leaves as the bait,P. cactorumwas detected in pansy substratum as well as from soil under the mata. Isolates obtained from diseased plants, substratum and soil under mata colonized leaves, stem parts and roots of pansy. Necroses spread faster on organs inoculated with cultures from plants and substratum. Among 25 cultivars inoculated withP. cactorum, disease symptoms did not occur on 3 of them, whereas the fastest spread of necrotic spots (3.8 mm/24 hrs) was noticed on 3 cultivars. Isolates ofP. cactorumfromBegonia semperflorensandMalus domesticacolonized leaf petioles of pansy with significantly faster spread when isolates from begonia and pansy were used for inoculation.
Neutrophil Functions and Autoimmune Arthritis in the Absence of p190RhoGAP: Generation and Analysis of a Novel Null Mutation in Mice
Authors: Németh Tamás , Futosi Krisztina , Hably Csilla , Brouns Madeleine R. , Jakob Sascha M. , Kovács Miklós , Kertész Zsuzsanna , Walzog Barbara , Settleman Jeffrey , Mócsai Attila 
Published: July 2010

Abstractβ2 integrins of neutrophils play a critical role in innate immune defense, but they also participate in tissue destruction during autoimmune inflammation. p190RhoGAP (ArhGAP35), a regulator of Rho family small GTPases, is required for integrin signal transduction in fibroblasts. Prior studies have also suggested a role for p190RhoGAP in β2 integrin signaling in neutrophils. To directly test that possibility, we have generated a novel targeted mutation completely disrupting the p190RhoGAP-encoding gene in mice. p190RhoGAP deficiency led to perinatal lethality and defective neural development, precluding the analysis of neutrophil functions in adult p190RhoGAP−/− animals. This was overcome by transplantation of fetal liver cells from p190RhoGAP−/− fetuses into lethally irradiated wild-type recipients. Neutrophils from such p190RhoGAP−/− bone marrow chimeras developed normally and expressed normal levels of various cell surface receptors. Although p190RhoGAP−/− neutrophils showed moderate reduction of β2 integrin-mediated adherent activation, they showed mostly normal migration in β2 integrin-dependent in vitro and in vivo assays and normal β2 integrin-mediated killing of serum-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A neutrophil- and β2 integrin-dependent transgenic model of the effector phase of autoimmune arthritis also proceeded normally in p190RhoGAP−/− bone marrow chimeras. In contrast, all the above responses were completely blocked in CD18−/− neutrophils or CD18−/− bone marrow chimeras. These results suggest that p190RhoGAP likely does not play a major indispensable role in β2 integrin-mediated in vitro and in vivo neutrophil functions or the effector phase of experimental autoimmune arthritis.
Mast Cells Contribute to the Mucosal Adjuvant Effect of CTA1–DD after IgG-Complex Formation
Authors: Fang Yu , Larsson Lisa , Mattsson Johan , Lycke Nils , Xiang Zou 
Published: July 2010

AbstractMast cell activation is one of the most dramatic immune-mediated responses the body can encounter. In the worst scenario (i.e., anaphylaxis), this response is fatal. However, the importance of mast cells as initiators and effectors of both innate and adaptive immunity in healthy individuals has recently been appreciated. It was reported that mast cell activation can be used as an adjuvant to promote Ag-specific humoral immune responses upon vaccination. In this study, we have used a clinically relevant mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin A1 subunit (CTA1)–DD, which is a fusion protein composed of CTA1, the ADP-ribosylating part of cholera toxin, and DD, two Ig-binding domains derived from Staphylococcus aureus protein A. CTA1–DD in combination with polyclonal IgG induced degranulation and production of TNF-α from mouse mast cells. Furthermore, CTA1–DD and polyclonal IgG complex induced mast cell degranulation in mouse skin tissue and nasal mucosa. We also found that intranasal immunization with hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP) coupled to chicken gammaglobulin admixed with CTA1–DD complexed with polyclonal IgG greatly enhanced serum IgG anti-NP Ab responses and stimulated higher numbers of NP-specific plasma cells in the bone marrow as compared with that observed in mice immunized with NP-chicken gammaglobulin with CTA1–DD alone. This CTA1–DD/IgG complex-mediated enhancement was mast cell dependent because it was absent in mast cell-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that a clinically relevant adjuvant, CTA1–DD, exerts additional augmenting effects through activation of mucosal mast cells, clearly demonstrating that mast cells could be further exploited for improving the efficacy of mucosal vaccines.
Tethering of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule on Target Cells Is Required for LFA-1–Dependent NK Cell Adhesion and Granule Polarization
Authors: Gross Catharina C. , Brzostowski Joseph A. , Liu Dongfang , Long Eric O. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
αLβ2 integrin (LFA-1) has an important role in the formation of T cell and NK cell cytotoxic immunological synapses and in target cell killing. Binding of LFA-1 to ICAM on target cells promotes not only adhesion but also polarization of cytolytic granules in NK cells. In this study, we tested whether LFA-1–dependent NK cell responses are regulated by the distribution and mobility of ICAM at the surface of target cells. We show that depolymerization of F-actin in NK-sensitive target cells abrogated LFA-1–dependent conjugate formation and granule polarization in primary NK cells. Degranulation, which is not controlled by LFA-1, was not impaired. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments and particle tracking by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed that ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 were distributed in largely immobile clusters. ICAM clusters were maintained and became highly mobile after actin depolymerization. Moreover, reducing ICAM-2 mobility on an NK-resistant target cell through expression of ezrin, an adaptor molecule that tethers proteins to the actin cytoskeleton, enhanced LFA-1–dependent adhesion and granule polarization. Finally, although NK cells kept moving over freely diffusible ICAM-1 on a lipid bilayer, they bound and spread over solid-phase ICAM-1. We conclude that tethering, rather than clustering of ICAM, promotes proper signaling by LFA-1 in NK cells. Our findings suggest that the lateral diffusion of integrin ligands on cells may be an important determinant of susceptibility to lysis by cytotoxic lymphocytes.
B1 Cells Promote Pancreas Infiltration by Autoreactive T Cells
Authors: Ryan Gemma A. , Wang Chun Jing , Chamberlain Jayne L. , Attridge Kesley , Schmidt Emily M. , Kenefeck Rupert , Clough Louise E. , Dunussi-Joannopoulos Kyri , Toellner Kai-Michael , Walker Lucy S. K. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The entry of autoreactive T cells into the pancreas is a critical checkpoint in the development of autoimmune diabetes. In this study, we identify a role for B1 cells in this process using the DO11 × RIP-mOVA mouse model. In transgenic mice with islet-specific T cells, but no B cells, T cells are primed in the pancreatic lymph node but fail to enter the pancreas. Reconstitution of the B1 cell population by adoptive transfer permits extensive T cell pancreas infiltration. Reconstituted B1 cells traffic to the pancreas and modify expression of adhesion molecules on pancreatic vasculature, notably VCAM-1. Despite substantial pancreas infiltration, islet destruction is minimal unless regulatory T cells are depleted. These data identify a role for B1 cells in permitting circulating islet-specific T cells to access their Ag-bearing tissue and emphasize the existence of multiple checkpoints to regulate autoimmune disease.
ERK Is Integral to the IFN-γ–Mediated Activation of STAT1, the Expression of Key Genes Implicated in Atherosclerosis, and the Uptake of Modified Lipoproteins by Human Macrophages
Authors: Li Na , McLaren James E. , Michael Daryn R. , Clement Mathew , Fielding Ceri A. , Ramji Dipak P. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ is a master regulator of atherosclerosis and mediates its cellular actions mainly through STAT1. Unfortunately, the impact of other IFN-γ inducible pathways on STAT1 activation and the regulation of downstream responses associated with atherosclerosis in human macrophages are poorly understood and were therefore investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the IFN-γ–mediated phosphorylation of STAT1 on Ser727, crucial for its maximal activity, was attenuated in human macrophages by pharmacological inhibition of ERK. In these cells, IFN-γ induced changes in the expression of several key genes implicated in atherosclerosis, such as MCP-1, through an ERK-dependent mechanism. Additionally, the IFN-γ–induced activity of STAT1-responsive promoters was attenuated by transfection of dominant-negative forms of ERK and other key components of this pathway. Furthermore, the IFN-γ–induced uptake of acetylated and oxidized low-density lipoprotein by human macrophages was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition or RNA interference–mediated knockdown of ERK. These studies suggest a critical role for ERK signaling in the IFN-γ–mediated changes in macrophage cholesterol homeostasis and gene expression during atherosclerosis.
Intralesional Delivery of Dendritic Cells Engineered to Express T-bet Promotes Protective Type 1 Immunity and the Normalization of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Qu Yanyan , Chen Lu , Pardee Angela D. , Taylor Jennifer L. , Wesa Amy K. , Storkus Walter J. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
T-bet (Tbx21), a T-box transcription factor, has been previously identified as a master regulator of type 1 T cell polarization. We have also recently shown that the genetic engineering of human dendritic cells (DCs) to express human T-bet cDNA yields type 1-polarizing APCs in vitro (1). In the present study, murine CD11c+ DCs were transduced with a recombinant adenovirus encoding full-length murine T-bets (DC.mTbets) and analyzed for their immunomodulatory functions in vitro and in vivo. Within the range of markers analyzed, DC.mTbets exhibited a control DC phenotype and were indistinguishable from control DCs in their ability to promote allogenic T cell proliferation in MLR in vitro. However, DC.mTbets were superior to control DCs in promoting Th1 and Tc1 responses in vitro via a mechanism requiring DC–T cell interaction or the close proximity of these two cell types and that can only partially be explained by the action of DC-elaborated IL-12p70. When injected into day 7 s.c. CMS4 sarcoma lesions growing in syngenic BALB/c mice, DC.mTbets dramatically slowed tumor progression (versus control DCs) and extended overall survival via a mechanism dependent on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and, to a lesser extent, asialoGM1+ NK cells. DC.mTbet-based therapy also promoted superior tumor-specific Tc1 responses in the spleens and tumor-draining lymph nodes of treated animals, and within the tumor microenvironment it inhibited the accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells and normalized CD31+ vascular structures. These findings support the potential translational utility of DC.Tbets as a therapeutic modality in the cancer setting.
Escherichia coli K1 Promotes the Ligation of CD47 with Thrombospondin-1 To Prevent the Maturation of Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of Neonatal Meningitis
Authors: Mittal Rahul , Gonzalez-Gomez Ignacio , Prasadarao Nemani V. 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional APCs providing a critical link between adaptive and innate immune responses. Our previous studies have shown that Escherichia coli K1 internalization of myeloid DCs suppressed the maturation of the cells for which outer membrane protein A (OmpA) expression is essential. In this study, we demonstrate that infection of DCs with OmpA+ E. coli significantly upregulates the expression of CD47, an integrin-associated protein, and its natural ligand thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1). Pretreatment of DCs with anti-CD47 blocking Ab or knocking down the expression of CD47 or TSP-1, but not signal regulatory protein α by small interfering RNA, abrogated the suppressive effect of E. coli K1. Ligation of CD47 with a mAb prevented the maturation and cytokine production by DCs upon stimulation with LPS similar to the inhibitory effect induced by OmpA+ E. coli. In agreement with the in vitro studies, suppression of CD47 or TSP-1 expression in newborn mice by a novel in vivo small interfering RNA technique protected the animals against E. coli K1 meningitis. Reconstitution of CD47 knockdown mice with CD47+ DCs renders the animals susceptible to meningitis by E. coli K1, substantiating the role of CD47 expression in DCs for the occurrence of meningitis. Our results demonstrate a role for CD47 for the first time in bacterial pathogenesis and may be a novel target for designing preventive approaches for E. coli K1 meningitis.
TLR and B Cell Receptor Signals to B Cells Differentially Program Primary and Memory Th1 Responses toSalmonella enterica
Authors: Barr Tom A. , Brown Sheila , Mastroeni Pietro , Gray David 
Published: July 2010

AbstractProtective Th1 responses to Salmonella enterica do not develop in the absence of B cells. Using chimeric mice, we dissect the early (innate) and late (cognate) contributions of B cells to Th programming. B cell-intrinsic MyD88 signaling is required for primary effector Th1 development, whereas Ag-specific BCR-mediated Ag presentation is necessary for the development of memory Th1 populations. Programming of the primary T cell response is BCR/B cell MHC II independent, but requires MyD88-dependent secretion of cytokines by B cells. Chimeras in which B cells lack IFN-γ or IL-6 genes make impaired Th1 or Th17 responses to Salmonella.
Monitoring of Machining Processes Using Sensor Equipped Tools
Authors: Brinksmeier Ekkard , Heinzel Carsten , Wilkens Antje , Lang Walter , Seedorf Thomas 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA different to conventional monitoring systems sensor equipped tools give the possibility to gain information about the process status directly from the contact zone between tool and component to be machined. For example this can be realized by the integration of small temperature sensors into grinding wheels. The transmitting of the process data is performed by a telemetric unit attached to the grinding wheel's core. In this paper, the development of a new thin film thermocouple sensor concept is described. The unique feature of this sensor is the continuous contacting of the thermocouple through the grinding process inherent wear which leads to smearing of the thermoelectric layers and thus forming the measuring junction of a thermocouple. The system was used in OD grinding processes aiming to detect grinding burn and process instabilities. By reducing the volume of the sensors a fast response and high time resolution can be obtained. By this way, observance of the key parameters of the practical operation as closely as possible to the cutting area is enabled and so observance of process efficiency and tool status independent from workpiece machining conditions can be realized. All sensors used are thermocouples of type K, a combination of Chromel (NiCr) and Alumel (NiAlMnSi) material. The maximum temperature to be measured by this sensor is about 1350 °C, which ensures the applicability in the grinding process. Telemetry components to amplify and send the thermovoltage signals are adjusted to this type of thermocouple. The ability of the set‐up to detect thermal influences was demonstrated in grinding processes with a continuously increasing specific material removal rate. The approach serves to measure temperatures between fast sliding surfaces in harsh environments (fluids, high pressure, heat), similar to the grinding process. Therefore their application is not limited to tools but also applicable for other rotating components such as bearings, gears and shafts in powertrains.