bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormonal effects on <i>in vitro</i> regeneration of <i>ricinus communis</i> L. Cultivar shabje
Authors: Rahman MA , Bari MA 
Published: October 2011

Context: Castor is the best candidate plant to the venture of green energy sector. In Bangladesh castor is widely grown and we can reap the benefit from castor by the application of different biotechnological approaches. Genetic engineering appears as one of the necessary tools for the improvement of cultivars of castor. Therefore, an efficient regeneration protocol for castor needs to be established, which is rapid, reproducible and applicable to a broad range of genotypes. Objectives: To establish a high frequency plant regeneration system from the seedling explants of Ricinus communis L. cultivar shabje using tissue culture technique. Materials and Methods: The proliferating axillary shoots were established on modified MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BA, Kn and 2ip using explants from the in vitro grown seedlings of R. communis. Results: Explants from the seedlings raised on cytokinin enriched medium showed early sprouting and development of axillary shoots than those taken from the seedlings grown on cytokinin omitted medium. Shoot proliferation efficiency of cotyledonary node explant was noted two times greater than that of shoot tip explant. MMS1 medium fortified with 1.5-2.5 mg/l BA showed the best performance and yield 5-10 axillary shoots within 6 weeks of culture. Microcuttings prepared from in vitro proliferated shoots were rooted on MMS2 medium. The best rooting (92.7%) obtained on ½MS fortified with 0.2 mg/l of IBA accompanied by 0.6 mg/l of AgNO3. Conclusion: Best media formulation for shoot proliferation in Ricinus cultivar was MS medium fortified with 2.0 mg/l BA and its recalcitrant property could be minimized in some extent by using of AgNO3 and charcoal in case of root induction. Keywords: In vitro regeneration; seedling explants; Ricinus communis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8787 JBS 2010; 18(0): 121-127
Phylogenetic relationships of Aristida and relatives (Poaceae, Aristidoideae) based on noncoding chloroplast (trnL‐F, rpl16) and nuclear (ITS) DNA sequences
Authors: Cerros‐Tlatilpa Rosa , Columbus J. Travis , Barker Nigel P. 
Published: November 2011

• Premise: The cosmopolitan and ecologically important grass subfamily Aristidoideae comprises the widely distributed genus Aristida (250–290 species), Stipagrostis (50 species, with an African‐Asian distribution), and Sartidia (five species, Africa and Madagascar). The subfamily includes species with C3 (Sartidia and a single species of Aristida) and C4 photosynthetic pathways. Rigorous phylogenetic reconstructions of species relationships are required to explain the biogeographic, physiological, and ecological diversity within this subfamily.• Methods: Chloroplast (trnL‐F, rpl16) and nuclear (ITS) DNA sequences were obtained from 198 accessions, and the combined data set was subjected to parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses. Dating analyses calibrated using previously published node ages were conducted to determine the ages of major radiations.• Results: The C3 Sartidia is sister to a monophyletic Stipagrostis, and the (Sartidia, Stipagrostis) clade is sister to Aristida. Within Aristida, the only known C3 species, A. longifolia, is sister to the remainder of the genus. Infrageneric sections of Aristida were not supported, and there are no synapomorphic morphological characters for the clades retrieved. Within Aristida, monophyletic Australian, African, North American, and South American clades are retrieved.• Conclusions: The subfamily dates back to the late Miocene, with the major lineages present by the Pliocene. With one exception, regional clades of Aristida evolved in the Pliocene. The C3 photosynthetic pathway is hypothesized to be the pleisomorphic condition for the subfamily, wherein two independent C4 pathways (each with unique anatomical and genetic features) evolved, one within Aristida and one in Stipagrostis.
Short-Course Combivir after Single-Dose Nevirapine Reduces but Does Not Eliminate the Emergence of Nevirapine Resistance in Women
Authors: Palmer Sarah , Boltz Valerie F , Chow Jeremy Y , Martinson Neil A , McIntyre James A , Gray Glenda E , Hopley Mark J , Mayers Douglas , Robinson Patrick , Hall David B , Maldarelli Frank , Coffin John M , Mellors John W ,   for the 1100.1413 Trial Investigators
Published: November 2011

Background In the Treatment Options Preservation Study (TOPS) trial, 4 or 7 days of Combivir (CBV; zidovudine/ lamivudine) with maternal single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) significantly reduced the emergence of NVP resistance as determined by virus population genotyping. To detect NVP resistance with greater sensitivity, we analysed TOPS samples by allele-specific real-time PCR (ASP). Methods In a random subset of women from each arm of the trial, plasma samples from before and 6 weeks after sdNVP were analysed using ASP at codons 103, 181, 184 and 190. Results Samples were analysed from 27 women in the sdNVP arm and 24 each in the CBV 4-day (sdNVP/ CBV4) and 7-day (sdNVP/CBV7) arms. ASP detected NVP-resistant variants in week 6 samples from 70% of women in the sdNVP arm, 29% in the sdNVP/CBV4 arm and 33% in sdNVP/CBV7 arm ( P<0.01 for sdNVP/CBV4 or sdNVP/ CBV7 versus sdNVP; P=1.0 for sdNVP/CBV4 versus sdNVP/ CBV7). Lamivudine resistance was detected by ASP in only 1 of 51 women who received CBV. Conclusions Short-course CBV significantly reduced but did not eliminate the emergence of NVP resistance after sdNVP. NVP-resistant variants were detected in about one-third of women despite CBV treatment, but the duration of persistence and clinical impact of these variants in response to antiretroviral therapy is uncertain.
Survie entrepreneuriale en Afrique : le cas des entreprises guinéennes
Authors: Doumbouya Mohamed Lamine 
Published: October 2011

Ce papier présente les résultats d’une enquête réalisée auprès d’environ six mille ménages guinéens disposant d’une entreprise entre 2002-2003. Il montre qu’en situations économiques et sociales difficiles, où l’État assure moins les services sociaux de base, la création d’activités reste la seule alternative aux familles pour survivre. Les entreprises créées ont une durée de vie assez courte du fait de leur faible niveau capitalistique et de la confusion qui entoure leur gestion.
Addictions et temporalité le temps du soin : maintenant ou jamais !
Authors: Guillermain Yves 
Published: October 2011

Résumé L’adolescent interroge vivement la notion de temporalité. Entre les jamais et les toujours, les pas assez éprouvés et les trop, la rencontre avec le jeune dérange le thérapeute : immédiateté d’une demande, instabilité du contact, désorganisation temporelle. Bousculé par le pubertaire, engagé dans une période de changements radicaux, mais sommé de ne pas y rester, l’adolescent est ébranlé par les conflits temporels dont il est le siège. Les « je n’ai pas le temps » fusent rapidement : de quel temps s’agit-il ? Les prises de risques, les conduites addictives s’inscrivent tout à fait dans la problématique temporelle. La temporalité chimique proposerait plutôt un moment hors temps, atemporel lié à une répétition infinie. Le clinicien doit parfois oser l’inconfort d’un contact immédiat tout en balisant la rencontre, en laissant s’ouvrir un espace temporel. Le temps du soin est d’une extrême fragilité, un rien peut l’anéantir. L’ajuster en permanence, l’adapter au coup par coup, semble indispensable pour laisser advenir une parole.
Les hospitalisations programmées pour des patients alcoolo-dépendants : une façon de redonner un mouvement au temps ?
Authors: Tonnelier Stéphanie , Lemaire Christine , Bodenez Pierre 
Published: October 2011

Résumé Afin de garantir au mieux la continuité thérapeutique et de permettre un travail de fond pour des patients nécessitant le plus souvent un soin au long cours, nous avons développé dans le Service d’Addictologie de Brest les hospitalisations programmées. Cet article propose un travail de réflexion portant sur la temporalité et sur ce type particulier d’hospitalisations. Les hospitalisations programmées sont une modalité de soins qui proposent à des personnes alcoolo-dépendantes des hospitalisations régulières, programmées dans le temps. Le but de cet article est d’essayer de montrer comment au travers d’une organisation des soins dans le temps, nous avons l’impression de rendre un certain mouvement au temps si figé de ces patients, de leur redonner une sorte de perspective. Par ailleurs, le fait que nous ne leur demandions pas d’être abstinents entre chaque hospitalisation constitue probablement la spécificité de ces hospitalisations permettant d’expliquer leur dimension thérapeutique. L’hospitalisation programmée ouvre alors « un espace » permettant au patient de devenir « sujet » et donc de « désirer ».
Efficacy of Repeat Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Knee
Authors: Rath Paul A. , Gugala Zbigniew , Lindsey Ronald W. 
Published: November 2011

A patient often initially presents to an orthopedic surgeon with the magnetic resonance image (MRI) ordered by his or her primary care physician in hand. Often, a significant period of time elapses after injury before the patient is assessed by the orthopedic surgeon; therefore, the initial MRI may be considered outdated because of a new injury or a change in symptoms or because the orthopedist may prefer a new study, a stronger magnet, or a special imaging protocol. However, the decision to repeat a knee MRI is presently an arbitrary one because no clinical guidelines exist to justify this practice.
All repeat knee MRIs performed at our academic institution in the past 9 years were retrospectively examined. Inclusion criterion was repeat MRI of the same knee with no surgical intervention. The formal radiology reports were grouped into 3 categories: change, no change, and unclear. Knee pathology was further grouped into 6 categories indicating what specific structures were pathological or injured. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of time vs category or condition change between MRIs. Of 3501 knee MRI studies, 88 patients had a total of 101 repeat MRIs. The average number of days between repeats for those with category or condition change was 612 vs 504 for those with no change. Age, sex, and time between MRIs were not significantly associated with a category or condition change. Repeat knee MRI prior to surgical intervention is becoming more prevalent and may have clinical merit. A further prospective study is warranted.
Open Glenohumeral Dislocation: Skeletonization of the Proximal Humerus Without Associated Fracture
Authors: Maroney Samuel S. , Devinney D. Scott 
Published: November 2011

Shoulder dislocations are common injuries. In the realm of high-energy trauma, enough force can be dissipated to violate the entire soft tissue envelope surrounding the shoulder girdle, generating an open injury. This article presents a case of a young man involved in a motorcycle accident in which he sustained an open glenohumeral dislocation with complete skeletonization of the proximal humerus. There were no associated fractures with his injury. Our patient underwent staged irrigation and debridement of his shoulder with delayed tendoligamentous reconstruction of the skeletonized proximal humerus. After reconstruction, he was immobilized for 3 weeks and then began a progressive shoulder rehabilitation protocol. He healed with no evidence of infection, residual instability, or avascular necrosis at his 4-month follow-up examination. At that point, he had regained functional use of his shoulder for activities of daily living and had no pain. His range of active motion was limited to 90° of flexion and abduction, 0° of external rotation, and internal rotation to the L4. He had complete resolution of a sensory and motor axillary neuropraxia that resulted from his initial injury. It was felt that the patient had potential for continued gains in range of motion and strength.
Our patient is only the second description of an open glenohumeral dislocation with no associated fractures of the proximal humerus. This skeletonization of the proximal humerus represents a complex soft tissue injury that severely compromises the functional capacity of the shoulder. Understanding the nature of the injury and the involved structures and maintaining a sound treatment algorithm allow orthopedic surgeons to maximize the patient’s functional outcome.
Calcinosis Cutis: Report of 4 Cases
Authors: Muddegowda Prakash Hulivahana , Lingegowda Jyothi Basavanahalli , Ramachandrarao Ramkumar Kurpad , Konapur Prasanna Guddappa 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTCalcinosis cutis is a condition of accumulation of calcium salts within the dermis. We are presenting four cases of calcinosis cutis, with different clinical presentations, occurring in healthy individuals, with normal serum calcium and phosphorus levels. Histologically, all cases showed similar morphology, the lesions were composed of large and small deposits of calcium. Foreign-body giant cell reaction was seen in one case. Another case had intact and ruptured epidermal cysts and calcification within the cyst.
Effect of Kampo Medicine on Pain and Range of Motion of Osteoarthritis of the Hip Accompanied by Acetabular Dysplasia: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kogure Toshiaki , Tatsumi Takeshi , Shigeta Tetsuya , Fujinaga Hiroshi , Sato Takahisa , Niizawa Atsushi 
Published: November 2011

We report a 52-year-old female with end-stage osteoarthritis of the hip accompanied by acetabular dysplasia in whom quality of life (QOL) was improved by Kampo treatment. When she was 42 years old, she developed pain in the left hip joint, and early-stage OA of the hip was diagnosed by hip joint x-ray. Therefore, she took NSAIDs, and received conservative therapies such as diet and muscle training. However, pain in the hip joint increased and her activity of daily life (ADL) decreased at the age of 50, although she continued to receive the conservative therapies. At the age of 52, she consulted our department requesting Japanese Oriental (Kampo) Medicine. Kampo formulae; Keishikaryojutsubuto (12Tab/day: Kuracie Co. Ltd. Japan), and Boiougito (7.5 g/day: Kuracie Co. Ltd. Japan), were administered. Treatment for 3 months resulted in a decrease in the left hip joint pain using visual analogue scale (VAS) and improvement of her ADL. One year later, her joint symptoms have not increased, and both the Harris hip score and the clinical evaluation criteria of osteoarthritis of the hip have improved. The course of this disease varies depending on the lifestyle of the patient, and Kampo formulations may offer safe, potent supplemental treatment.
Evaluation of the Order of Hierarchical Structures for the Calculation of Method Uncertainty Using Nested and Other Designs
Authors: Durden David A 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Several methods have been used to calculate method uncertainties using data from a previous publication. The major effort was to study the effect of changing the primary factor of the nested (hierarchical) design from concentration to matrix and then analyst. In the measurement of fluoroquinolones in honey, it was observed that when matrix was the primary factor the uncertainty values were generally slightly larger than when concentration or analyst were the primary factors. However, the differences are small, indicating the robustness of the nested design calculations. Two previously published methods of correcting for uncertainty due to intermediate precision were also examined and showed very little difference, confirming the robustness of the correction. A comparison was also made with previous non-nested designs, which tended to give lower calculated error values.
Screening and Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seafoods Using QuEChERS-Based Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Gratz Samuel R , Ciolino Laura A , Mohrhaus Angela S , Gamble Bryan M , Gracie Jill M , Jackson David S , Roetting John P , McCauley Heather A , Heitkemper Douglas T , Fricke Fred L , Krol Walter J , Arsenault Terri L , White Jason C , Flottmeyer Michele M , Johnson Yoko S 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
A rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for the screening and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible seafood is described. The method uses quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based extraction and HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD). The method was developed and validated in response to the massive Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Rapid and highly sensitive PAH screening methods are critical tools needed for oil spill response; they help to assess when seafood is safe for harvesting and consumption. Sample preparation involves SPE of edible seafood portions with acetonitrile, followed by the addition of salts to induce water partitioning. After centrifugation, a portion of the acetonitrile layer is filtered prior to analysis via HPLC-FLD. The chromatographic method uses a polymeric C18 stationary phase designed for PAH analysis with gradient elution, and it resolves 15 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority parent PAHs in fewer than 20 min. The procedure was validated in three laboratories for the parent PAHs using spike recovery experiments at PAH fortification levels ranging from 25 to 10 000 μg/kg in oysters, shrimp, crab, and finfish, with recoveries ranging from 78 to 99%. Additional validation was conducted for a series of alkylated homologs of naphthalene, dibenzothiophene, and phenanthrene, with recoveries ranging from 87 to 128%. Method accuracy was further assessed based on analysis of National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1974b. The method provides method detection limits in the sub to low ppb (μg/kg) range, and practical LOQs in the low ppb (μg/kg) range for most of the PAH compounds studied.
Water‐Based Isotropically Conductive Adhesives: Towards Green and Low‐Cost Flexible Electronics
Authors: Yang Cheng , Lin Wei , Li Zhongyu , Zhang Rongwei , Wen Haoran , Gao Bo , Chen Guohua , Gao Ping , Yuen Matthew M. F. , Wong Ching Ping 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis paper reports the first high‐performance water‐based isotropically conductive adhesives (WBICAs) – a promising material for both electrical interconnects and printed circuits for ultralow‐cost flexible/foldable printed electronics. Through combining surface iodination and in situ reduction treatment, the electrically conductivity of the WBICAs are dramatically improved (8 × 10‐5 Ω cm with 80 wt% of silver); moreover, their reliability (stable for at least 1440 h during 85 °C/85% RH aging) meets the essential requirements for microelectronic applications. Prototyped applications in carrying light emitting diode (LED) arrays and radio frequency identification (RFID) antennas on flexible substrates were demonstrated, which showed satisfactory performances. Moreover, their water‐based character may render them more environmentally benign (no volatile organic chemicals involved in the printing and machine maintenance processes), more convenient in processing (reducing the processing steps), and energy economic (thermally sintering the silver fillers and curing the resin is not necessary unlike conventional ICAs). Therefore, they are especially advantageous for mass‐fabricating flexible electronic devices when coupled with paper and other low‐cost substrate materials such as PET, PI, wood, rubber, and textiles.
Emergent Criticality in Complex Turing B‐Type Atomic Switch Networks
Authors: Stieg Adam Z. , Avizienis Audrius V. , Sillin Henry O. , Martin‐Olmos Cristina , Aono Masakazu , Gimzewski James K. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractRecent advances in the neuromorphic operation of atomic switches as individual synapse‐like devices demonstrate the ability to process information with both short‐term and long‐term memorization in a single two terminal junction. Here it is shown that atomic switches can be self‐assembled within a highly interconnected network of silver nanowires similar in structure to Turing's “B‐Type unorganized machine”, originally proposed as a randomly connected network of NAND logic gates. In these experimental embodiments, complex networks of coupled atomic switches exhibit emergent criticality similar in nature to previously reported electrical activity of biological brains and neuron assemblies. Rapid fluctuations in electrical conductance display metastability and power law scaling of temporal correlation lengths that are attributed to dynamic reorganization of the interconnected electro‐ionic network resulting from induced non‐equilibrium thermodynamic instabilities. These collective properties indicate a potential utility for real‐time, multi‐input processing of distributed sensory data through reservoir computation. We propose these highly coupled, nonlinear electronic networks as an implementable hardware‐based platform toward the creation of physically intelligent machines.
Preparation and characterization of exfoliated nanocomposite of polyvinyl acetate and organic montmorillonite
Authors: Cui Hui‐Wang , Du Guan‐Ben 
Published: October 2011

AbstractTo improve the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), an organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was first prepared by montmorillonite (MMT) and octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (STAB), and then it was added to synthesized PVAc under conventional laboratory conditions. The influence of its variable addition on the properties of PVAc—OMMT was investigated mainly by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and static tension, and the rheology was also investigated by the power‐law function equation and the Cross–Williamson model viscous equation. The exfoliated nanocomposite of PVAc—OMMT was obtained; linear macromolecular chains of PVAc were formed in the layers of OMMT, and no chemical bonding appeared between OMMT and PVAc, but there were some physical effects. The dispersion of PVAc—OMMT was better than PVAc. OMMT was exfoliated into layers or sheets of nanoparticles and was randomly dispersed in the matrix of PVAc. The particle diameter of OMMT ranged from 50 to 100 nm, whereas PVAc's diameter ranged from 250 to 500 nm; the smaller OMMT particles were adsorbed around the bigger all PVAc particles and formed a “strawberry” structure. PVAc and PVAc—OMMT were both pseudoplastic non‐Newtonian fluids; they possessed the normal stress effect (or the Weissenberg effect), that is the pole‐climbing phenomenon. The static tension properties of PVAc—OMMT were much better than PVAc, and the addition of OMMT in polymerization was reasonable and not more than 2.0% of VAc. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 32: 130–140, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20244
Synthesis and flocculation characteristics of chitosan and its grafted polyacrylamide
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Jin Haiqin , He Peixin 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA flocculant based on chitosan was prepared, and its flocculation behavior was studied. The graft copolymer of acrylamide onto chitosan was synthesized using potassium persulfate as an initiator. The effect of reaction conditions, i.e., deacetylation degree of chitosan (CTS), the effect of the concentration, solution pH, and the initial concentration of kaolin on flocculation characteristics of chitosan‐grafted polyacrylamide (CAM), was discussed. The experimental results showed that the higher the deacetylation degree of chitosan, the better the flocculation performance of CAM. The concentration and pH of flocculant solution had a great impact on the flocculation performance. Compared with chitosan, the graft copolymer had a better flocculating effect on the kaolin suspensions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 292–297, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20252