bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Step arounds for common pitfalls when valuing resources used versus resources produced
Authors: Yates Brian T. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe value of a program can be understood as referring not only to outcomes, but also to how those outcomes compare to the types and amounts of resources expended to produce the outcomes. Major potential mistakes and biases inassessing the worth of resources consumed, as well as the value of outcomes produced, are explored. Most of these occur when the evaluation is limited in contexts examined or perspectives adopted. In particular, it is noted that the price of a resource often is context‐dependent, and may not describe the value of a resourcefrom important perspectives. Also, the monetary value of outcomes as inferred from earned income, and from avoided human service expenditures, may not reflectoutcome value from key perspectives, possibly exacerbating discrimination according to gender, ethnicity, and age. Solutions for these problems are recommended. More complete and detailed information on resources consumed and outcomesproduced also may facilitate systematic optimization of program value, if theevaluation includes the amounts and types of resources used by those program activities that change the participant processes that lead to desired program outcomes. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Valuing, evaluation methods, and the politicization of the evaluation process
Authors: Chelimsky Eleanor 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe author argues that valuing is often about methodology, or questions about how to measure the value of a public program or policy, including how we measure the factual underpinnings of programs and how we synthesize information about issues relevant to public programs and policies. The organizational context is discussed as an important determinant of what methods are used, and that these decisions have become increasingly influenced by a single narrative—a narrative that sees increasing numbers of government programs and policies embodying a single idea, or positing a simple, one‐on‐one cause‐and‐effect relationship, both of which are established, not by evidence, but rather by suppressing existing evidence that is inconvenient to the particular idea or relationship being advanced. The implications of this single narrative on methodology are discussed and ways forward described. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Pain following stroke: A prospective study
Authors: Hansen A.P. , Marcussen N.S. , Klit H. , Andersen G. , Finnerup N.B. , Jensen T.S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundPost‐stroke pain is common and affects the quality of life of stroke survivors, but the incidence and severity of headache, shoulder pain, other joint pain and central post‐stroke pain following stroke still remain unclear. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence and intensity of these different types of post‐stroke pain.MethodsA total of 299 consecutive stroke patients, admitted to the Department of Neurology at Aarhus University Hospital, underwent a structured interview and a short sensory examination within 4 days of admission. Follow‐up was conducted by phone 3 and 6 months after stroke onset, with 275 patients completing the whole study. Pain with onset in relation to stroke onset or following stroke was defined as ‘newly developed pain’.ResultsAt the 6‐month follow‐up, newly developed pain was reported by 45.8% of the patients; headache by 13.1%, shoulder pain by 16.4%, other joint pain by 11.7%, other pain by 20.0% and evoked pain by light touch or thermal stimuli by 8.0%. More than one pain type was reported by 36.5% of the patients with newly developed pain. According to pre‐defined criteria, 10.5% of the patients were classified as having possible central post‐stroke pain. There was a moderate to severe impact on daily life in 33.6% of the patients with newly developed pain.ConclusionsPain following stroke is common, with almost half of the patients reporting newly developed pain 6 months after stroke.
Evaluation of glutathione s‐transferase as toxicity indicator for roxarsone and arsanilic acid in Eisenia fetida
Authors: Rizwan‐ul‐Haq Muhammad , Zhenling Zeng , Yongxue Sun , Wenguang Xiong 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTDifferent compounds can induce stress response by targeting specific genes. Studies related to elucidating the detoxification and adaptive responses of proteins like glutathione‐s‐transferase (GST) can be helpful in better understanding toxicity. Roxarsone and arsanilic acid, which have been exhaustively used as animal and poultry feed additives, pose a threat to the environment and human health. GST enzyme bioassay revealed fluctuations in response to different concentrations of roxarsone and arsanilic acid at different time intervals. The highest GST enzyme activity (40.51%) was observed on day 15 of treatment with roxarsone. On the other hand, arsanilic acid caused the maximum enzyme activity (52.11%) on day 10 of treatment. During this study, the full‐length gene sequence of GST, having the size 984 bp (Genbankno. HQ693699), was achieved from Eisenia fetida and established as a biomarker to assess the toxicity of roxarsone and arsanilic acid. The deduced protein has a computed molecular mass of 23.56 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 9.92. Quantitative real‐time PCR revealed significant differential gene expression in response to roxarsone and arsanilic acid treatment as compared with control treatment. Roxarsone caused the highest gene expression of 7.0‐fold increase over control on day 15 of treatment, whereas arsanilic acid resulted in the highest gene expression reaching to 14.56‐fold as compared with control. This study is helpful in understanding the role of GST as a potential biomarker for chemicals like roxarsone and arsanilic acid, which can pollute the food chain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue factor antisense deoxyoligonucleotide prevents monocrotaline/LPS hepatotoxicity in mice
Authors: Hammad Mohamed A. , Abdel‐Bakky Mohamed Sadek , Walker Larry A. , Ashfaq Mohammad K. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTTissue factor (TF) is a membranous glycoprotein that functions as a receptor for coagulation factor VII/VIIa and activates the coagulation system when blood vessels or tissues are damaged. TF was upregulated in our monocrotaline (MCT)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) hepatotoxicity model. We tested the hypothesis that TF‐dependent fibrin deposition and lipid peroxidation in the form of oxidized low‐density‐lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) accumulation contribute to liver inflammation induced by MCT/LPS in mice. In the present study, we blocked TF using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against mouse TF (TF‐ASO). TF‐ASO (5.6 mg kg−1) was given i.v. to ND4 male mice 30 min after administration of MCT (200 mg kg−1) p.o. followed after 3.5 h by LPS i.p. (6 mg kg−1). Blood alanine aminotransferase (ALT), TF, ox‐LDL, platelets, hematocrit and keratinocyte‐derived chemokine (KC) levels were evaluated in different treatment groups. Fibrin deposition and ox‐LDL accumulation were also analyzed in the liver sections using immunofluorescent staining. The results showed that TF‐ASO significantly restored blood ALT, hematocrit and KC levels, distorted after MCT/LPS co‐treatment, as well as preventing the accumulation of ox‐LDL and the deposition of fibrin in the liver tissues, and thereby inhibited liver injury caused by MCT/LPS. In a separate experiment, TF‐ASO administration significantly prolonged animal survival. The current study demonstrates that TF is associated with MCT/LPS‐induced liver injury. Administration of TF‐ASO successfully prevented this type of liver injury. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Th2 cytokine‐mediated methimazole‐induced acute liver injury in mice
Authors: Kobayashi Masanori , Higuchi Satonori , Ide Mika , Nishikawa Satomi , Fukami Tatsuki , Nakajima Miki , Yokoi Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a major safety concern in drug development and clinical practice. The pathogenesis of DILI usually involves the participation of the parent drug or metabolites that either affect cellular function or elicit an immune response. However, the mechanisms leading to DILI are unknown in most cases. Methimazole (MTZ) is used as an antithyroid drug and is well known to have induced liver injuries such as cholestatic hepatitis in a small number of human cases. Immune‐mediated reactions were also suggested to play a role in MTZ‐induced acute liver injury, but the mechanism underlying this process has not been elucidated. To address this issue, we measured plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, hepatic glutathione levels, hepatic expression of CD4+ Th cell‐related transcriptional factors, cytokines and chemokines, plasma interleukin (IL)‐4 levels and histopathological changes in the liver following MTZ (450 mg kg−1, p.o.) administration in mice. The hepatic expression of mRNA for Th2 cell‐related factors, such as GATA‐binding protein, macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 (MIP‐2) and plasma IL‐4 levels, as well as plasma AST and ALT levels, was significantly increased in mice treated with MTZ. These changes were markedly enhanced by pre‐treatment with L‐buthionine sulfoximine (3 mmol kg−1, i.p.) and MTZ (15 mg kg−1, p.o.). Neutralization of IL‐4 using a monoclonal anti‐mouse IL‐4 antibody (100 µg/mouse, single i.p.) suppressed the hepatotoxic effect of MTZ. In conclusion, this report is the first to demonstrate that Th2 cytokine‐mediated immune responses are involved in MTZ‐induced acute liver injury in mice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subchronic hepatotoxicity evaluation of bromobenzene in Fischer 344 rats
Authors: Dodd Darol E. , Pluta Linda J. , Sochaski Mark A. , Banas Deborah A. , Thomas Russell S. 
Published: March 2012

ABSTRACTMale Fischer 344 (F344) rats were exposed to bromobenzene (BB) for 5 days and 2, 4 and 13 weeks. BB was administered by gavage (corn oil vehicle) at doses of 0, 25, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg kg−1 per day. Endpoints evaluated included clinical observations, body weights, liver weights, serum chemistry, blood BB, gross pathology and liver histopathology. There were no BB exposure‐related clinical signs of toxicity. Mean body weight decreased by 5–10% compared with control in the 400 mg kg−1 per day group. Liver weight increases were dose‐ and exposure time‐related and statistically significant at ≥25 mg kg−1 per day. Incidence and severity of centrilobular cytoplasmic alteration and hepatocyte hypertrophy were related to dose and exposure time. At early time points (5 days and 2 weeks), centrilobular inflammation, including granulomatous areas, and necrotic and anisokaryocytic hepatocytes were observed in rats of the two highest BB dose groups. Blood BB concentrations increased linearly with dose and at 13 weeks ranged from 8 to 136 µg ml−1 (25–400 mg kg−1 per day). In conclusion, rats administered BB doses up to 400 mg kg−1 per day for up to 13 weeks had mild liver effects. A NOAEL of 200 mg kg−1 per day was selected based on the statistically significant incidence of hepatocyte hypertrophy at doses ≥ 400 mg kg−1 per day. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone geometry, density, and microarchitecture in the distal radius and tibia in adults with osteogenesis imperfecta type I assessed by high-resolution pQCT
Authors: Folkestad Lars , Hald Jannie Dahl , Hansen Stinus , Gram Jeppe , Langdahl Bente , Abrahamsen Bo , Brixen Kim 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary disorder characterized by decreased biosynthesis or impaired morphology of type I collagen that leads to decreased bone mass and increased bone fragility. We hypothesized that patients with OI have altered bone microstructure and bone geometry. In this cross-sectional study we compared patients with type I OI to age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A total of 39 (13 men and 26 women) patients with OI, aged 53 (range, 21–77) years, and 39 controls, aged 53 (range, 21–77) years, were included in the study. Twenty-seven of the patients had been treated with bisphosphonates. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at the distal radius and distal tibia and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of total hip, femoral neck, trochanteric region, and the lumbar spine (L1–L4) were performed. The patients were shorter than the controls (159 ± 10 cm versus 170 ± 9 cm, p &lt; 0.001), but had similar body weight. In OI, areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was 8% lower at the hip (p &lt; 0.05) and 13% lower at the spine (p &lt; 0.001) compared with controls. The trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was 28% lower in radius (p &lt; 0.001) and 38% lower in tibia (p &lt; 0.001) in OI compared with controls. At radius, total bone area was 5% lower in OI than in controls (p &lt; 0.05). In the tibia, cortical bone area was 18% lower in OI (p &lt; 0.001). In both radius and tibia the number of trabeculae was lower in patients compared to the controls (35% and 38%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001 at both sites). Furthermore, trabecular spacing was 55% higher in OI in both tibia and radius (p &lt; 0.001 at both sites) when compared with controls. We conclude that patients with type I OI have lower aBMD, vBMD, bone area, and trabecular number when compared with healthy age- and gender-matched controls. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of trabecular microarchitecture in nonosteoporotic postmenopausal women with and without fracture
Authors: Kijowski Richard , Tuite Michael , Kruger Diane , Munoz Del Rio Alejandro , Kleerekoper Michael , Binkley Neil 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
This study compared microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (µMRI) parameters of trabecular microarchitecture between postmenopausal women with and without fracture who have normal or osteopenic bone mineral density (BMD) on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). It included 36 postmenopausal white women 50 years of age and older with normal or osteopenic BMD (T-scores better than −2.5 at the lumbar spine, proximal femur, and one-third radius on DXA). Eighteen women had a history of low-energy fracture, whereas 18 women had no history of fracture and served as an age, race, and ultradistal radius BMD-matched control group. A three-dimensional fast large-angle spin-echo (FLASE) sequence with 137 µm × 137 µm × 400 µm resolution was performed through the nondominant wrist of all 36 women using the same 1.5T scanner. The high-resolution images were used to measure trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, surface-to-curve ratio, and erosion index. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare differences in BMD and µMRI parameters between postmenopausal women with and without fracture. Post-menopausal women with fracture had significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) trabecular bone volume fraction and surface-to-curve ratio and significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) erosion index than postmenopausal women without fracture. There was no significant difference between postmenopausal women with and without fracture in trabecular thickness (p = 0.80) and BMD of the spine (p = 0.21), proximal femur (p = 0.19), one-third radius (p = 0.47), and ultradistal radius (p = 0.90). Postmenopausal women with normal or osteopenic BMD who had a history of low-energy fracture had significantly different (p &lt; 0.05) µMRI parameters than an age, race, and ultradistal radius BMD-matched control group of postmenopausal women with no history of fracture. Our study suggests that µMRI can be used to identify individuals without a DXA-based diagnosis of osteoporosis who have impaired trabecular microarchitecture and thus a heretofore-unappreciated elevated fracture risk. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Urinary osteocalcin and serum pro-C-type natriuretic peptide predict linear catch-up growth in infants
Authors: Kilpeläinen Leena , Ivaska Kaisa K , Kuiri-Hänninen Tanja , Väänänen H Kalervo , Rehfeld Jens F , Goetze Jens P , Sankilampi Ulla , Dunkel Leo 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Preterm (PT) infants are at risk of growth failure despite advanced early care and nutrition. In addition to poor weight gain, slow postnatal linear growth also is associated with adverse neurological outcome. Markers distinguishing infants at risk for impaired catch-up growth are needed. The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the extent to which postnatal levels of circulating cartilage (serum pro-C-type natriuretic peptide [S-proCNP]) and urinary bone metabolic markers (urinary osteocalcin [MidOC] and two forms of C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen [U-α-CTX-I and U-β-CTX-I]) predict catch-up growth in infancy in 67 PT and 58 full-term (FT) infants. PT infants were significantly shorter than FT infants during the first 6 months of life, but no statistically significant difference was found at the corrected age of 14 months (M14). At the age of 3 months (M3), S-ProCNP and U-MidOC levels, but not U-α-CTX-I and U-β-CTX-I levels, correlated positively with prospective growth velocity from M3 to M14 (ρ = 0.460, p &lt; 0.001 and ρ = 0.710, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). In predicting slow linear growth (growth velocity at the lowest quartile), the area under the S-ProCNP ROC curve was 0.662 and that of U-MidOC 0.891. Thus, U-MidOC, and to lesser extent S-ProCNP at M3 are predictors of catch-up growth in infancy. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
miR-764-5p promotes osteoblast differentiation through inhibition of CHIP/STUB1 expression
Authors: Guo Junwei , Ren Fangli , Wang Yinyin , Li Shan , Gao Zhengrong , Wang Xiaoyan , Ning Hongxiu , Wu Jianguo , Li Yi , Wang Zhao , Chim Shek Man , Xu Jiake , Chang Zhijie 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Differentiation of committed precursor cells into the osteoblast lineage is tightly regulated by several factors, including Runx2 and BMP2. We previously reported that C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein/STIP1 homology and U-Box containing protein 1 (CHIP/STUB1) negatively regulated osteoblast differentiation through promoting Runx2 protein degradation. However, how CHIP is regulated during osteoblast differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we found that miR-764-5p is up-expressed during the osteoblast differentiation in calvarial and osteoblast progenitor cells, coupled with down-expression of CHIP protein. We observed that forced expression or inhibition of miR-764-5p decreased or increased the CHIP protein level through affecting its translation by targeting the 3′-UTR region. Perturbation of miR-764-5p resulted in altered differentiation fate of osteoblast progenitor cells and the role of miR-764-5p was reversed by overexpression of CHIP, whereas depletion of CHIP impaired the effect of miR-764-5p. Our data showed that miR-764-5p positively regulates osteoblast differentiation from osteoblast progenitor cells by repressing the translation of CHIP protein. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Removal of sulfamethoxazole from waters and wastewaters by conductive‐diamond electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Martín de Vidales María J. , Robles‐Molina José , Domínguez‐Romero Juan C. , Cañizares Pablo , Sáez Cristina , Molina‐Díaz Antonio , Rodrigo Manuel A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sulfamethoxazole (SMX, used as a model bacteriostatic antibiotic) is persistent to conventional biological treatments of wastewaters. In this work, conductive‐diamond electrochemical oxidation (CDEO) was found to be an effective technology for its removal from the effluents of conventional wastewater treatment plants.RESULTS: The use of CDEO has been evaluated for the removal of the antibiotic SMX from water and wastewaters. The results show that CDEO can reduce the concentration of this organic pollutant to values below 0.1 µg dm−3. The variation of the SMX concentration during electrolysis shows a complex shape with a plateau zone that increases in size with the initial concentration of SMX. This complex trend is not observed in the changes of TOC, which seems to indicate that the CDEO of SMX solutions does not lead directly to the generation of carbon dioxide as a final product. A tentative reaction pathway has been proposed based on a thorough analysis of the reaction mixture, in which the main intermediate products were identified. The use of liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐TOFMS) allowed the identification of nine organic intermediates (with Mw 98, 108, 172, 173, 197, 203, 227, 269 and 287) during the electrolysis and the concentration of these compounds depends on the initial SMX concentration and on the current density applied.CONCLUSIONS: CDEO is able to reduce the concentration of the organic pollutant below 0.1 mg dm−3. SMX removal is faster than that of TOC. This fact indicates the formation of reaction intermediates. Analytical techniques show that nine reaction intermediates are generated in the system, and that their concentration depends on the initial SMX concentration and on the current density used. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical usefulness of low‐dose dobutamine stress real‐time myocardial contrast echocardiography for detection of viable myocardium
Authors: Li Dong‐ye , Hao Ji , Xia Yong , Zhang Hui , Xu Tong‐da , Wang Xiao‐ping , Zhang Yan‐bin , Chen Jun‐hong 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectives.To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of semi‐quantitative and quantitative real‐time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT‐MCE) with low‐dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LD‐DSE) in detecting viable myocardium.Methods.Thirty in‐patients with coronary artery disease and regional wall motion abnormalities underwent RT‐MCE without and with LD‐DSE. Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed within 1 week after RT‐MCE in all patients. Myocardial perfusion was evaluated from A, β, and A × β indices from microbubble replenishment curves. The motion of each myocardium segment was observed by routine echocardiography 1, 3, and 6 months after percutaneous coronary intervention and its improvement over time was the criterion of viable myocardium.Results.RT‐MCE sensitivity and specificity for the assessment of viable myocardium were 71.7% and 69.8%, rising to 81.3% and 76.7% (p < 0.05) when combined with LD‐DSE. Using quantitative RT‐MCE with cutoff values of A, β, and A × β, the sensitivity and specificity were 75.6%, 78.8%, 82.1%, and 82.4%, 77.9%, 78.6%, respectively. When combined with LD‐DSE, the sensitivity and specificity were 86.0%, 83.2%; 88.9% and 84.1%; 89.6%, 79.9%, respectively.Conclusions.Quantitative RT‐MCE analysis yielded higher sensitivity and specificity than semi‐quantitative RT‐MCE with or without LD‐DSE for the detection of viable myocardium. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2012
Clostridium difficile infection: The scope of the problem
Authors: Dubberke Erik 
Published: March 2012

AbstractClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly common, and it is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost burden for patients and the healthcare system. The severity and rates of recurrent CDI and associated mortality are also increasing. This article is an overview of the changes in CDI epidemiology that have occurred since the turn of the century and the current scope of the problem. The 3 articles that follow in this supplement address the diagnosis and treatment of initial and recurrent CDI, and current practice guidelines for the prevention and control of CDI in the hospital setting. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012;7:S1–S4. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine