bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic association mapping on chromosome 6q in bipolar affective disorder—evidence for the melanin‐concentrating‐hormone‐receptor‐2 gene as a risk factor for bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Abou Jamra Rami , Schulze Thomas G. , Becker Tim , Brockschmidt Felix F. , Green Elaine , Alblas Margrieta A. , Wendland Jens R. , Adli Mazda , Grozeva Detelina , Strohmeier Jana , Georgi Alexander , Craddock Nick , Propping Peter , Rietschel Marcella , Nöthen Markus M. , Cichon Sven , Schumacher Johannes 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStrong evidence of linkage between chromosomal region 6q16‐q22 and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) has previously been reported. We conducted a systematic association mapping of the 6q‐linkage interval using 617 SNP markers in a BPAD case–control sample of German descent (cases = 330, controls = 325). In this screening step, 46 SNPs showed nominally significant BPAD‐association (P‐values between 0.0007 and 0.0484). Although none of the 46 SNPs survived correction for multiple testing, they were genotyped in a second and ethnically matched BPAD sample (cases = 328, controls = 397). At the melanin‐concentrating‐hormone‐receptor‐2 (MCHR2) gene, we found nominal association in both the initial and second BPAD samples (combined P = 0.008). This finding was followed up by the genotyping of 17 additional MCHR2‐SNPs in the combined sample in order to define our findings more precisely. We found that the MCHR2‐locus can be divided into three different haplotype‐blocks, and observed that the MCHR2‐association was most pronounced in BPAD male patients with psychotic symptoms. In two neighboring blocks, putative risk‐haplotypes were found to be 7% more frequent in patients (block II: 23.3% vs. 16.2%, P = 0.005, block III: 39.2% vs. 32.0%, P = 0.024), whereas the putative protective haplotypes were found to be 5–8% less frequent in patients (block II: 11.6% vs. 16.4%, P = 0.041, block III: 30.0% vs. 38.8%, P = 0.007). The corresponding odds ratios (single‐marker analysis) ranged between 1.25 and 1.46. Our findings may indicate that MCHR2 is a putative risk factor for BPAD. These findings should be interpreted with caution and replicated in independent BPAD samples. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimentally generated footprints in sand: Analysis and consequences for the interpretation of fossil and forensic footprints
Authors: D'Août K. , Meert L. , Van Gheluwe B. , De Clercq D. , Aerts P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFossilized footprints contain information about the dynamics of gait, but their interpretation is difficult, as they are the combined result of foot anatomy, gait dynamics, and substrate properties. We explore how footprints are generated in modern humans. Sixteen healthy subjects walked on a solid surface and in a layer of fine‐grained sand. In each condition, 3D kinematics of the leg and foot were analyzed for three trials at preferred speed, using an infrared camera system. Additionally, calibrated plantar pressures were recorded. After each trial in sand, the depth of the imprint was measured under specific sites. When walking in sand, subjects showed greater toe clearance during swing and a 7° higher knee yield during stance. Maximal pressure was the most influential factor for footprint depth under the heel. For other foot zones, a combination of factors correlates with imprint depth, with pressure impulse (the pressure‐time integral) gaining importance distally, at the metatarsal heads and the hallux. We conclude that footprint topology cannot be related to a single variable, but that different zones of the footprint reflect different aspects of the kinesiology of walking. Therefore, an integrated approach, combining anatomical, kinesiological, and substrate‐mechanical insights, is necessary for a correct interpretation. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are the gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park “true” mountain gorillas?
Authors: Elgart Alison A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe gorillas that inhabit Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda are the least known of the eastern gorillas. Because they are an allopatric population living a minimum of 25 km from the well‐studied population of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Rwanda and have certain morphological and ecological differences from these gorillas, their taxonomic status has been in question in recent years. This study presents new craniodental metrics from Bwindi individuals and compares them to Virunga individuals as well as to eastern lowland gorillas, G. gorilla graueri. Multivariate statistics, including MANCOVA, least‐squares, regression, and principal components analyses, were used to evaluate how closely the Bwindi crania resemble the Virunga crania and how both relate to G. g. graueri. Results indicate that the Bwindi gorillas have generally smaller crania than the Virunga gorillas, but when metrics are log‐transformed, the only variable that distinguishes the Bwindi individuals is a longer face. When both populations are compared to G. g. graueri, they cluster together separately from the eastern lowland gorillas, sharing such features as higher rami, wider bigonia, longer mandibles, and wider and shorter mandibular symphyses in relation to G. g. graueri. Functional morphological explanations for these differences are discussed, but lacking measurements of the physical properties of G. g. graueri, they cannot fully be explained. Results clearly indicate that at least pertaining to the cranium, upon which most gorilla taxonomy is based, the Bwindi gorillas are proper mountain gorillas (G. b. beringei). Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diet reconstruction in antebellum Baltimore: Insights from dental microwear analysis
Authors: Ma Peter H. , Teaford Mark F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractConstruction in the City of Baltimore during 1996 led to the recovery of human skeletal remains dating from 1792 to 1856. Historical research indicates that the skeletal remains come from two adjacent graveyards: Christ's Church Episcopalian Cemetery and the Potters Field East. The different socioeconomic status of the internees in each cemetery suggests the possibility of marked contrasts in lifestyle, health, and diet. To shed further light on these possibilities, analyses of microscopic wear patterns on teeth, or dental microwear analyses, were undertaken. A sample from Spanish Florida was used to help interpret the results. Epoxy casts of incisor and molar teeth were placed in an SEM and photomicrographs of clean wear facets were taken. The photomicrographs were digitized using the software package Microware 4.02. Statistical analyses of rank transformed data consisted of single‐factor ANOVA, followed by post hoc tests. No significant differences were found between Christ's Church and Potters Field East samples for any of the variables examined in either molar or incisor teeth. However, differences between each Baltimore sample and the La Florida samples give suggestions of possible diet differences in antebellum Baltimore. The mosaic of differences between the Baltimore and La Florida samples probably reflects the wide variety of foods available to antebellum Baltimoreans as well as the relative lack of abrasives in their diet. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Macaronesia islands: Variation within and among archipelagos
Authors: Santos Cristina , Fregel Rosa , Cabrera Vincente M. , González Ana M. , Larruga José M. , Lima Manuela 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMacaronesia covers four Atlantic archipelagos: the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the Cape Verde islands. When discovered by Europeans in the 15th century, only the Canaries were inhabited. Historical reports highlight the impact of Iberians on settlement in Macaronesia. Although important differences in their settlement are documented, its influence on their genetic structures and relationships has yet to be ascertained. In this study, the hypervariable region I (HVRI) sequence and coding region polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 623 individuals from the Azores (120) and Canary Islands (503) were analyzed. Combined with published data, these give a total of 1,542 haplotypes from Macaronesia and 1,067 from the Iberian Peninsula. The results obtained indicate that Cape Verde is the most distinctive archipelago, with an mtDNA pool composed almost exclusively of African lineages. However, the other archipelagos present an mtDNA profile dominated by the presence of West‐Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups with African lineages present in varying proportions. Moreover, no signs of integration of typical Canarian U6 lineages in the other archipelagos were detected. The four Macaronesia archipelagos currently have differentiated genetic profiles, and the Azores present the highest intra‐archipelago differentiation and the lowest values of diversity. The analyses performed show that the present‐day genetic profile of the Macaronesian archipelagos was mainly determined by the initial process of settlement and further microdifferentiation probably as a consequence of the small population size of some islands. Moreover, contacts between archipelagos seem to have had a low impact on the mtDNA genetic pool of each archipelago. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Bone remodeling rates in Pleistocene humans are not slower than the rates observed in modern populations: A reexamination of Abbott et al. (1996)
Authors: Streeter Margaret , Stout Sam , Trinkaus Erik , Burr David 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBone histomorphometry has been applied to the lower limb cortical bone of Pleistocene humans to establish age at death and to determine bone remodeling rates (Abbott et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 226 (1996) 307–313). Both of these procedures require the determination of osteon density and mean osteon size. Previous analyses of Middle and Late Pleistocene human lower limb bones have produced bone remodeling rates that are slower than those determined in a more recent archeological sample. Recalculation of the data reported in Abbott et al.: Am J Phys Anthropol 226 (1996) 307–313) has revealed mathematical errors in the remodeling rates reported for the Pleistocene humans. The corrected remodeling rates for the Pleistocene group are similar to the values obtained in the more recent comparative sample. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population‐specific deviations of global human craniometric variation from a neutral model
Authors: Relethford John H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPast studies have revealed that much of human craniometric variation follows a neutral model of population relationships. At the same time, there is evidence for the influence of natural selection in having shaped some global diversity in craniometrics. In order to partition these effects, and to explore other potential population‐specific influences, this article analyzes residuals of craniometric distances from a geographically based neutral model of population structure. W.W. Howells' global craniometric data set was used for these analyses, consisting of 57 measurements for 22 populations around the world, excluding Polynesia and Micronesia because of the relatively recent settlement of these regions. Phenotypic and geographic distances were derived between all pairs of populations. Three‐dimensional multidimensional scaling configurations were obtained for both distance matrices, and compared using a Procrustes rotation method to show which populations do not fit the geographic model. This analysis revealed three major deviations: the Buriat, Greenland Inuit, and Peru. The deviations of the Buriat and Greenland Inuit appear to be related to long‐term adaptation to cold environments. The Peruvian sample is more similar to other New World populations than expected based on geographic distance alone. This deviation likely reflects the evolutionarily recent movement of human populations into South America, such that these populations are further from genetic equilibrium. This same pattern is seen in South American populations in a comparative analysis of classical genetic markers, but not in a comparative analysis of STR loci, perhaps reflecting the higher mutation rate for the latter. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oval in males and triangular in females? A quantitative evaluation of sexual dimorphism in the human obturator foramen
Authors: Bierry Guillaume , Le Minor Jean‐Marie , Schmittbuhl Mathieu 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAmong the numerous pelvic traits presenting sex differences, the obturator foramen is classically described as being oval in males and triangular in females. However, no demonstrations or detailed studies seem available in the literature. The purpose of this work was to study quantitatively this trait using Fourier analysis, because this methodological approach is particularly well adapted for discrimination between different simple shapes. Using this approach, an outline can be characterized by a series of harmonics (1 ton), each defined by two Fourier descriptors: amplitude (Cn), describing the relative importance of the harmonic contribution to the original shape, and phase (Φn), representing the orientation of the harmonic contribution. The material consisted of 104 three‐dimensional CT reconstructions of adult pelves (52 males and 52 females). After size normalization, the outlines of the 104 left obturator foramens were studied. Significant differences were demonstrated with, in total, 84.6% of individuals presenting a correct inferred sex. The most discriminating descriptors were the phase of the second harmonic (C2),related to the oval (or elliptic) aspect and thus the elongation of the shape, and the amplitude of the third harmonic (Φ3), describing the triangularity of the shape. Because the trend for an outline to be more or less oval or triangular is difficult to visually assess and because there is an infinite number of transitional shapes, only a precise quantitative approach such as Fourier analysis allows for unambiguous characterization and statistical analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Use of electronic anatomy practical examinations for remediating “at risk” students
Authors: Daly Frank J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRestrictive laboratory scheduling, an increasing number of human cadaver‐based anatomy courses and a reduction in the curricular time allotted to anatomy courses have created problems with cadaver laboratory access at the University of New England. This article describes a combination of anatomy testing and grading strategies to allow “at risk” (borderline failing) students an opportunity to remediate their lowest set of examination scores and pass their anatomy course. An alternative electronic practical examination for these students provided flexibility in laboratory scheduling, thereby increasing laboratory access for other students taking concurrent courses. Specifically, the electronic examinations allowed for a reduction in the amount of time the cadaver laboratory is locked down for examination purposes. Masters‐level occupational therapy (MOT) students, physician assistant students (MPA), and doctoral level physical therapy (DPT) students participated in a prosection‐based human cadaver laboratory and take cadaver‐based practical examinations as part of their anatomy course. Students who were not performing at a passing level for their curriculum (69.5% for MOT and MPA, 79.5% for DPT) were given an opportunity to remediate their lowest set of multiple choice and practical examinations using the previous year's multiple choice examination and a new electronic practical examination. When the original cadaver‐based practical and multiple choice examination scores were replaced with the remedial electronic practical examination and remedial multiple choice examination scores, 75% (24/32) of these students were able to successfully remediate their academic deficiencies and pass their anatomy course. Anat Sci Educ 3:46–49, 2010. © 2009 American Association of Anatomists.
Journal maps on the basis of Scopus data: A comparison with the Journal Citation Reports of the ISI
Authors: Leydesdorff Loet , de Moya‐Anegón Félix , Guerrero‐Bote Vicente P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractUsing the Scopus dataset (1996–2007) a grand matrix of aggregated journal‐journal citations was constructed. This matrix can be compared in terms of the network structures with the matrix contained in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) of the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI). Because the Scopus database contains a larger number of journals and covers the humanities, one would expect richer maps. However, the matrix is in this case sparser than in the case of the ISI data. This is because of (a) the larger number of journals covered by Scopus and (b) the historical record of citations older than 10 years contained in the ISI database. When the data is highly structured, as in the case of large journals, the maps are comparable, although one may have to vary a threshold (because of the differences in densities). In the case of interdisciplinary journals and journals in the social sciences and humanities, the new database does not add a lot to what is possible with the ISI databases.
Purification of the two major proteins from whey concentrate using a cation‐exchange selective adsorption process
Authors: El‐Sayed Mayyada M. H. , Chase Howard A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe packed‐bed adsorption and elution of aqueous solutions of whey concentrate powders were investigated at pH 3.7 using a 5‐mL SP Sepharose FF column to separate and isolate two major proteins namely, α‐lactalbumin (ALA) and β‐lactoglobulin (BLG) from these solutions. ALA displaced and eluted BLG from the column in a pure form. Pure ALA could then be eluted with good recovery. A novel consecutive two‐stage separation process was developed to separate ALA and BLG from whey concentrate mixtures. Almost all of the BLG in the feed was recovered, with 78% being recovered at 95% purity and a further 20% at 86% purity. In addition, 67% of ALA was recovered, 48% at 54% purity and 19% at 60% purity. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Design and characterization of a prototype enzyme microreactor: Quantification of immobilized transketolase kinetics
Authors: Matosevic S. , Lye G. J. , Baganz F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this work, we describe the design of an immobilized enzyme microreactor (IEMR) for use in transketolase (TK) bioconversion process characterization. The prototype microreactor is based on a 200‐μm ID fused silica capillary for quantitative kinetic analysis. The concept is based on the reversible immobilization of His6‐tagged enzymes via Ni‐NTA linkage to surface derivatized silica. For the initial microreactor design, the mode of operation is a stop‐flow analysis which promotes higher degrees of conversion. Kinetics for the immobilized TK‐catalysed synthesis of L‐erythrulose from substrates glycolaldehyde (GA) and hydroxypyruvate (HPA) were evaluated based on a Michaelis–Menten model. Results show that the TK kinetic parameters in the IEMR (Vmax(app) = 0.1 ± 0.02 mmol min–1, Km(app) = 26 ± 4 mM) are comparable with those measured in free solution. Furthermore, the kcat for the microreactor of 4.1 × 105 s−1 was close to the value for the bioconversion in free solution. This is attributed to the controlled orientation and monolayer surface coverage of the His6‐immobilized TK. Furthermore, we show quantitative elution of the immobilized TK and the regeneration and reuse of the derivatized capillary over five cycles. The ability to quantify kinetic parameters of engineered enzymes at this scale has benefits for the rapid and parallel evaluation of evolved enzyme libraries for synthetic biology applications and for the generation of kinetic models to aid bioconversion process design and bioreactor selection as a more efficient alternative to previously established microwell‐based systems for TK bioprocess characterization. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Large scale demonstration of a process analytical technology application in bioprocessing: Use of on‐line high performance liquid chromatography for making real time pooling decisions for process chromatography
Authors: Rathore Anurag S. , Parr Lilly , Dermawan Shinta , Lawson Ken , Lu Yuefeng 
Published: November 2009

AbstractProcess Analytical Technology (PAT) has been gaining a lot of momentum in the biopharmaceutical community because of the potential for continuous real time quality assurance resulting in improved operational control and compliance. In previous publications, we have demonstrated feasibility of applications involving use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) for real‐time pooling of process chromatography column. In this article we follow a similar approach to perform lab studies and create a model for a chromatography step of a different modality (hydrophobic interaction chromatography). It is seen that the predictions of the model compare well to actual experimental data, demonstrating the usefulness of the approach across the different modes of chromatography. Also, use of online HPLC when the step is scaled up to pilot scale (a 2294 fold scale‐up from a 3.4 mL column in the lab to a 7.8 L column in the pilot plant) and eventually to manufacturing scale (a 45930 fold scale‐up from a 3.4 mL column in the lab to a 158 L column in the manufacturing plant) is examined. Overall, the results confirm that for the application under consideration, online‐HPLC offers a feasible approach for analysis that can facilitate real‐time decisions for column pooling based on product quality attributes. The observations demonstrate that the proposed analytical scheme allows us to meet two of the key goals that have been outlined for PAT, i.e., “variability is managed by the process” and “product quality attributes can be accurately and reliably predicted over the design space established for materials used, process parameters, manufacturing, environmental, and other conditions”. The application presented here can be extended to other modes of process chromatography and/or HPLC analysis. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
ChemInform Abstract: Maximizing the Localized Relaxation: The Origin of the Outstanding Oxygen Storage Capacity of ϰ‐Ce2Zr2O8
Authors: Wang Hai‐Feng , Guo Yang‐Long , Lu Guan‐Zhong , Hu P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Structure and Phase Transition of Light Element Nanocomposites in Mesoporous Silica: Case Study of NH3BH3 in MCM‐41.
Authors: Kim Hyunjeong , Karkamkar Abhi , Autrey Tom , Chupas Peter , Proffen Thomas 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Zn2SnO4 Nanowires.
Authors: Hu Q. R. , Jiang P. , Xu H. , Zhang Y. , Wang S. L. , Jia X. , Tang W. H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.