bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of supplied gas humidity change on PEFC transient power generation
Authors: Manabe So , Uemura Yuki , Araki Takuto 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPolymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs, PEMFCs) are gaining increasingly more attention as clean and efficient energy‐conversion devices. Vapor and liquid transport has a strong impact on the power generation characteristics and efficiency of PEFCs, and so proper water management is needed for efficiency and durability. However, water transport factors are not well understood, particularly during unsteady operation—often the case in vehicles and distributed stationary power generators. In this study, to understand and generalize the effects of local water transport on PEFC performance, transient mass transport characteristics inside a PEFC were investigated experimentally and numerically. For this purpose, we developed an unsteady two‐dimensional numerical model based on mass‐ and charge‐conservation equations in the channel, gas diffusion layer (GDL), and membrane electrode assembly (MEA). As necessary parameters for model development, we measured the water content of the MEA, the membrane resistivity, the activation overvoltage, overall mass transfer coefficient, and so on. The membrane resistivity greatly increases as the relative humidity decreases. The activation overvoltage is also affected by the relative humidity, and not only by the current density and oxygen activity. Current load and voltage changes are frequently used as PEFC transient inputs, but lead to very complicated and intractable phenomena such as changes in the amount of generated water and electro‐osmosis, state of the electrical double layer, and so on. Hence, stepwise changes in the relative humidity of the supplied gas were adopted in this study. The experimental and numerical transient responses were in good agreement under most operating conditions, and the reliability of our measurement methods for the water transport properties and our numerical model were confirmed. Here we discuss the dominant factor in the transient responses, and conclude that the transport resistance at the PEM–GDL interface is the largest and most dominant factor in a relatively dry state under unsteady operating conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.20371
Identification of robust hyperspectral indices on forest leaf water content using PROSPECT simulated dataset and field reflectance measurements
Authors: Wang Quan , Li Pingheng 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIn this study, we aim at finding efficient and robust hyperspectral indices for estimating forest leaf water content parameters (equivalent water thickness, EWT and fuel moisture content, FMC), which are useful for the understanding of terrestrial ecosystem functioning and evaluating fire risk. The most efficient hyperspectral indices have been identified (both on the context of index types and wavelength domains) using both a simulated dataset generated from the calibrated leaf reflectance model, PROSPECT, and datasets of field measured reflectance. Results indicate that high precision can be obtained using the type of vegetation index of two wavelength bands based on reflectance derivatives to estimate both parameters, with overall R2 and RMSE of 0·60 ∼ 0·75 and 0·0009 ∼ 0·0012 g cm−2 for EWT, 0·63 ∼ 0·87 and 0·12 ∼ 0·20 g g−1 for FMC, respectively. The best indices identified in this study for vegetation water status in temperate deciduous forests were dSR (1510, 1560) for EWT and dSR (2110, 2260) for FMC, with widths of wavebands (Δλ) be variable up to 50 nm for both dSR indices. Despite the obvious discrepancies found in fit when applying the identified indices to different datasets, the indices identified in this study are applicable to various species (Dataset III), various phenological stages, different sites (Dataset I) and various leaf anatomies (Dataset II), and therefore suitable for an all inclusive wide range of application especially in temperate deciduous forests. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibody titers against EBNA1 and EBNA2 in relation to Hodgkin lymphoma and history of infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Mueller Nancy E. , Lennette Evelyne T. , Dupnik Kathryn , Birmann Brenda M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA role for Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) pathogenesis is supported by the detection of EBV genome in about one‐third of HL cases, but is not well defined. We previously reported that an elevated prediagnosis antibody titer against EBV nuclear antigens (EBNA) was the strongest serologic predictor of subsequent HL. For the present analysis, we measured antibody levels against EBNA components EBNA1 and EBNA2 and computed their titer ratio (anti‐EBNA1:2) in serum samples from HL cases and healthy siblings. We undertook this analysis to examine whether titer patterns atypical of well‐resolved EBV infection, such as an anti‐EBNA1:2 ratio ≤1.0, simply reflect history of infectious mononucleosis (IM), an HL risk factor, or independently predict HL risk. Participants were selected from a previous population‐based case‐control study according to their history of IM. We identified 55 EBV‐seropositive persons with a history of IM (IM+; 33 HL cases, 22 siblings) and frequency‐matched a comparison series of 173 IM history‐negative, EBV‐seropositive subjects on HL status, gender, age and year of blood draw (IM−; 105 cases, 58 siblings). In multivariate logistic regression models, an anti‐EBNA1:2 ratio ≤1.0 was significantly more prevalent in HL cases than siblings (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 2.43, 1.05–5.65); similar associations were apparent within the IM+ and IM− groups. EBNA antibodies were not significantly associated with IM history in HL cases or siblings. These associations suggest that chronic or more severe EBV infection is a risk factor for HL, independent of IM history.
Survival of European patients with central nervous system tumors
Authors: Sant Milena , Minicozzi Pamela , Lagorio Susanna , Børge Johannesen Tom , Marcos‐Gragera Rafael , Francisci Silvia ,   the EUROCARE Working Group
Published: July 2011

AbstractWe present estimates of population‐based 5‐year relative survival for adult Europeans diagnosed with central nervous system tumors, by morphology (14 categories based on cell lineage and malignancy grade), sex, age at diagnosis and region (UK and Ireland, Northern, Central, Eastern and Southern Europe) for the most recent period with available data (2000–2002). Sources were 39 EUROCARE cancer registries with continuous data from 1996 to 2002. Survival time trends (1988 to 2002) were estimated from 24 cancer registries with continuous data from 1988. Overall 5‐year relative survival was 85.0% for benign, 19.9% for malignant tumors. Benign tumor survival ranged from 90.6% (Northern Europe) to 77.4% (UK and Ireland); for malignant tumors the range was 25.1% (Northern Europe) to 15.6% (UK and Ireland). Survival decreased with age at diagnosis and was slightly better for women (malignant tumors only). For glial tumors, survival varied from 83.5% (ependymoma and choroid plexus) to 2.7% (glioblastoma); and for non‐glioma tumors from 96.5% (neurinoma) to 44.9% (primitive neuroectoderm tumor/medulloblastoma). Survival differences between regions narrowed after adjustment for morphology and age, and were mainly attributable to differences in morphology mix; however UK and Ireland and Eastern Europe patients still had 40% and 30% higher excess risk of death, respectively, than Northern Europe patients (reference). Survival for benign tumors increased from 69.3% (1988–1990) to 77.1% (2000–2002); but survival for malignant tumors did not improve indicating no useful advances in treatment over the 14‐year study period, notwithstanding major improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of other solid cancers.
Occupation and risk of primary Fallopian tube carcinoma in Nordic countries
Authors: Riska A. , Martinsen J.I. , Kjaerheim K. , Lynge E. , Sparen P. , Tryggvadottir L. , Weiderpass E. , Pukkala E. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe aetiology of primary Fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is poorly understood. Occupational exposures may contribute to PFTC risk. We studied incidence of PFTC in occupational categories in the Nordic female population aged 30–64 years during the 1960, 1970, 1980/1981 and/or 1990 censuses in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for the years following inclusion in the study up to 2005 were calculated for 53 occupations; the expected numbers of cases were based on PFTC incidence in the national populations. Altogether 2,206 PFTC cases were detected during follow up via data linkages with the Nordic cancer registries. Significantly increased risks of PFTC were observed for smelting workers (SIR 3.99, 95% confidence interval 1.46–8.68, Obs = 6), artistic workers (2.64, 1.44–4.43, Obs = 14), hairdressers (2.18, 1.41–3.22, Obs = 25), packers (1.62, 1.11–2.29, Obs = 32), nurses (1.49, 1.14–1.92, Obs = 60), shop workers (1.25, 1.07–1.46, Obs = 159) and clerical workers (1.20, 1.07–1.35, Obs = 271) and these sustained over times and different Nordic countries. There was a nonsignificant increased risk for PFTC among welders, printers, painters and chemical process workers. The risk was significantly and consistently low for women working in farming (0.68, 0.47–0.95, Obs = 34) and among economically inactive women (0.88, 0.82–0.94, Obs = 833). The possible role of occupational exposures to the PFTC risks found in this study must be further evaluated in studies with a possibility to adjust for possible confounding factors, such as reproductive and life‐style factors, which was not possible in our study.
Calreticulin promotes tumor lymphocyte infiltration and enhances the antitumor effects of immunotherapy by up‐regulating the endothelial expression of adhesion molecules
Authors: Wang Hao‐Tien , Lee Hsin‐I , Guo Jih‐Huong , Chen Shih‐Hui , Liao Zhe‐Kang , Huang Kai‐Wen , Torng Pao‐Ling , Hwang Lih‐Hwa 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTumor‐induced angiogenesis has been shown to suppress immune responses. One mechanism is to suppress leukocyte–endothelial cell interaction by down‐regulating the expression of adhesion molecules, such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1 and E‐selectin on the tumor endothelium, which enables tumor cells to escape immune surveillance. Calreticulin (CRT), a chaperone protein mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum, has been shown to exert anti‐angiogenic activity and inhibit tumor growth. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to inhibiting angiogenesis, CRT also enhances the expression of both ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 on tumor endothelial cells. This expression results in enhanced leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions and increased lymphocyte infiltration into tumors. Therefore, combining intramuscular CRT gene transfer with intratumoral cytokine gene therapies significantly improves the antitumor effects of immunotherapy by markedly increasing the levels of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. This combined treatment increased the levels of infiltrating lymphocytes to those achieved using four times the cytokine dosage. The combined therapy also resulted in lower levels of immunosuppressive molecules and higher levels of activated T‐cells in the tumor microenvironment than immunotherapy alone. In conclusion, this study describes a new antitumor mechanism of CRT that involves the up‐regulation of tumor endothelial adhesion molecules and the enhanced infiltration of tumor‐specific lymphocytes. Thus, CRT treatment can make tumor cells more vulnerable to immunotherapy and improve the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy.
RETRACTED: High‐density lipoprotein of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus elevates the capability of promoting migration and invasion of breast cancer cells
Authors: Pan Bing , Ren Hui , Ma Yijing , Liu Donghui , Yu Baoqi , Ji Liang , Pan Ling , Li Jing , Yang Liangui , Lv Xiaofeng , Shen Xiaoli , Chen Bin , Zhang Youyi , Willard Belinda , He Yubin , Zheng Lemin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEpidemiological studies suggested complicated associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer. There is a significant inverse association between high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and the risk and mortality of breast cancer. However, HDL could be modified in various ways in diabetes patients, and this may lead to the altered effects on many different types of cells. In our study, we found that glycation and oxidation levels are significantly higher in HDL from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients compared to that from healthy subjects. Diabetic HDL dramatically had a stronger capability to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer (as examined both on hormone‐independent cells and on hormone‐dependent cells). In addition, glycated and oxidized HDL, which were produced in vitro, acted in similar way as diabetic HDL. Diabetic HDL, glycated HDL and oxidized HDL also induced higher synthesis and secretion of VEGF‐C, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 from malondialdehyde (MDA)‐MB‐231 cells. It was indicated that diabetic, glycated and oxidized HDL promote MDA‐MB‐231 cell migration and invasion through ERK and p38 MAPK pathways, and Akt pathway plays an important role as well in MDA‐MB‐231 cell invasion. The Akt, ERK and p38 MAPK pathways are also involved in VEGF‐C and MMP‐9 secretion induced by diabetic, glycated and oxidized HDL. Our study demonstrated that glycation and oxidation of HDL in diabetic patients could lead to abnormal actions on MDA‐MB‐231 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, thereby promoting the progression of breast cancer. This will largely draw the attention of HDL‐based treatments in diabetic patients especially those with breast cancer.
Involvement of Bid and caspase‐2 in endoplasmic reticulum stress‐ and oxidative stress‐induced retinal ganglion cell death
Authors: Uchibayashi Rumi , Tsuruma Kazuhiro , Inokuchi Yuta , Shimazawa Masamitsu , Hara Hideaki 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress are involved in many diseases, including retinal disorders, causing toxicity in various tissues and cells; however, intracellular signaling of ER stress and cross‐talk between ER stress and oxidative stress are unknown in retinal ganglion cells (RGC), whose degeneration is associated with glaucoma. The aim of the study was to clarify the mechanisms of ER stress‐ and oxidative stress‐induced RGC death, using cultured retinal ganglion cells (RGC‐5) in vitro and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐ or ER stress‐induced retinal damage in mice in vivo. We focused on both BH3‐interacting domain death agonist (Bid) and caspase‐2, which work as apoptosis promotion factors. In an in vitro study, both Bid and caspase‐2 inhibitors protected against RGC‐5 death from ER stress or oxidative stress. A caspase‐2 inhibitor did not inhibit Bid cleavage, although a Bid inhibitor reduced the increase of caspase‐2 activity in ER stress‐induced RGC‐5 death. A Bid inhibitor also reduced the increase of caspase‐2 activity in oxidative stress‐induced RGC‐5 death. Moreover, both Bid and caspase‐2 inhibitors reduced the increase of caspase‐3 activity. In an in vivo study, a Bid inhibitor inhibited NMDA‐ or ER stress‐induced retinal damage. These findings indicate that a common mechanism through Bid and caspase‐2 existsin both ER stress‐ and oxidative stress‐induced RGC death and that they are activated in the order of Bid, caspase‐2, and caspase‐3. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal evaluation of cartilage after osteochondral autogenous transfer with delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of the cartilage (dGEMRIC)
Authors: Shirai Takaaki , Kobayashi Masahiko , Nakamura Shinichiro , Arai Ryuzo , Nishitani Kohei , Satake Tsuyoshi , Dahlberg Leif E. , Kuroki Hiroshi , Nakagawa Yasuaki , Okada Tomohisa , Togashi Kaori , Nakamura Takashi 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe aim was to use repeat delayed gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) to estimate glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content in reparative cartilage after osteochondral autogenous transfer (OAT). The study group comprised 7 knees of 7 patients that were examined three times by dGEMRIC, at 3, 6, and 12 months using a 1.5 Tesla MRI system in both OAT operated and nonoperated condyles at 90 min after the injection. The gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA)2− containing contrast medium (0.2 mmols/kg) was injected intravenously. The mean T1 values of the plug cartilage at 3, 6, and 12 months after OAT was 230 ± 40, 213 ± 31, and 230 ± 23 ms (mean ± SD), respectively. There were differences between the plug and control cartilage at 3 (p < 0.01) and 12 (p < 0.05) months after OAT, but not at 6 months (p = 0.089). No T1 changes were detected between the plug cartilage at the different time points after OAT. The fact that the GAG content of the OAT plugs were maintained for 12‐month study period suggest that no major deterioration of load‐bearing properties occurs in the cartilage after the OAT. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:221–225, 2012
Climatic control of the surge periodicity of an Icelandic outlet glacier
Authors: Striberger Johan , Björck Svante , Benediktsson Ívar Örn , Snowball Ian , Uvo Cintia B. , Ingólfsson Ólafur , Kjær Kurt H. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSurging outlet glaciers are important in draining large ice caps, but the mechanisms controlling surge periodicities are poorly known. We investigated a sediment sequence from the glacier‐fed Lake Lögurinn in eastern Iceland, and our unique annually resolved data, based on sedimentary varves, imply that Eyjabakkajökull, an outlet glacier of Vatnajökull, began surging about 2200 cal a BP (before 1950 AD). Approximately 1700 cal a BP, the glacier started to surge at a uniform 34‐ to 38‐year periodicity that prevailed until the coldest part of the Little Ice Age when the periodicity almost halved to 21–23 years. Since the late 1800 s the surge periodicity of Eyjabakkajökull has returned to a longer period of 35–40 years. We suggest that surge periodicities of Eyjabakkajökull are forced by climatically driven mass balance changes, which may be a common forcing factor for similar surge‐type outlet glaciers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Suitability of Yoga as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Focus Group approach
Authors: Ward Lesley , Treharne Gareth J. , Stebbings Simon 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the views of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) regarding the suitability of yoga as a potential therapeutic intervention in the management of RA.MethodsTwenty‐two participants with RA were recruited from outpatient clinics at a regional hospital in New Zealand and divided into four focus groups. Heterogeneity between groups in terms of age, gender, duration of RA and functional ability provided opinions from a cross‐section of RA patients. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis, with four themes predominating.ResultsFirstly, participants described their experience of symptoms related to their RA in three independent but linked categories of physical, mental and social well‐being. Secondly, participants perceived the management of their RA to be prescriptive, medicalized and failing to address their wider health concerns. Thirdly, participants perceived yoga as a safe, adaptable therapy that may allow self‐management of their RA. However, there was some concern that functional limitations may inhibit ability to practise the physical aspects of yoga. Fourthly, requirements for a yoga intervention that would be feasible for people with RA were presented by participants.ConclusionsPatients with RA perceive a disparity between their personal experience of living with RA and their current medical management. Yoga is perceived as a potential therapy to address this disparity. Based on opinions expressed by participants, future research regarding a yoga intervention as an adjunctive therapy for managing RA should meet patients’ views on feasibility and test outcome measures reflecting the domains of physical, mental and social well‐being. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sampling of closely‐spaced ordered set of uniformly distributed random variables
Authors: Tadinada Sashi Kanth , Gupta Abhinav 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYWhen the individual PDFs of closely‐spaced random variables such as natural frequencies of a structure overlap, generation of sample sets by assuming the frequencies to be independent random variables can lead to incorrect sets of frequencies in the sense that the frequencies do not remain as ordered sets. Rejection of such disordered sample sets results in individual density functions that are significantly different from the distributions initially assumed for sampling each random variable. One way to overcome this constraint in the simulation of an ordered set of random variables is to consider them in an implicit manner using a joint PDF. In this paper, we present a formulation for a joint density function that is developed using fundamental probability approaches. The formulation ensures that the sampled random variables always remain as ordered sets and maintain the individual density functions for each variable. Application of the proposed formulation is illustrated for cases with not just two closely‐spaced variables but also for a case with multiple closely‐spaced variables such that the PDFs of more than two random variables overlap with each other. An expression is presented to determine the exact number of terms needed in the formulation. However, it is also illustrated that only two terms are sufficient in most applications even when the exact number of terms needed is very high. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A geometric nonlinear rotation‐free triangle and its application to drape simulation
Authors: Zhou Y.X. , Sze K.Y. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYIn this paper, a rotation‐free triangle is formulated. Unlike the thin and degenerated shell finite element models, rotation‐free triangles employ translational displacements as the only nodal DOFs. Compared with the existing rotation‐free triangles, the present triangle is simple and physical yet its accuracy remains competitive. Using a corotational approach and the small strain assumption, the tangential bending stiffness matrix of the present triangle can be approximated by a constant matrix that does not have to be updated regardless of the displacement magnitude. This unique feature suggests that the triangle is a good candidate for fabric drape simulation in which fabric sheets are often flat initially and the displacement is much larger than those in conventional shell problems. Nonlinear shell and fabric drape examples are examined to demonstrate the efficacy of the formulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.