bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the thermal neutron activation of a gamma-ray detector for BNCT dose monitoring
Authors: Colombo G. , Caracciolo A. , Mazzucconi D. , Borghi G. , Carminati M. , Protti N. , Altieri S. , Agosteo S. , Fiorini C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a study on the neutron activation of a gamma-ray
detector for a BNCT-SPECT dose imaging system. The detector is based
on a LaBr3(Ce+Sr) scintillator crystal, coupled with a matrix
of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs), read by a dedicated electronics
system. This detector has successfully demonstrated to be capable to
identify the 10B compounds when irradiating borated vials with
thermal neutrons. However, a background signal around 478 keV was
detected, suggesting the activation of the detector itself. This
study aims to determine the origin of this background signal by
simulating the two main parts of the detector, which are the crystal
and electronic boards, in order to assess their contribution to the
background signal. The results of the FLUKA simulations show that
the neutron capture reactions on both the crystal and electronic
boards cause a relevant background nearby the BNCT signal, thereby
limiting the detector's sensitivity. To address this issue, a
customized cadmium shielding has been developed. This solution was
tested at the TRIGA Mark II research nuclear reactor of Pavia
University, where experimental measurements and corresponding FLUKA
simulations proved its effectiveness.
Recognition of EEG-based movement intention combined with channel selection adopting deep learning methods
Authors: Li Jixiang , Wang Zhaoxuan , Li Yurong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) is an emerging technology
which provides a road to control communication and external
devices. Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based motor imagery (MI) tasks
recognition has important research significance for stroke,
disability and others in BCI fields. However, enhancing the
classification performance for decoding MI-related EEG signals
presents a significant challenge, primarily due to the variability
across different subjects and the presence of irrelevant
channels. To address this issue, a novel hybrid structure is
developed in this study to classify the MI tasks via deep separable
convolution network (DSCNN) and bidirectional long short-term memory
(BLSTM). First, the collected time-series EEG signals are initially
processed into a matrix grid. Subsequently, data segments formed
using a sliding window strategy are inputted into proposed DSCNN
model for feature extraction (FE) across various dimensions. And,
the spatial-temporal features extracted are then fed into the BLSTM
network, which further refines vital time-series features to
identify five distinct types of MI-related tasks. Ultimately, the
evaluation results of our method demonstrate that the developed
model achieves a 98.09% accuracy rate on the EEGMMIDB physiological
datasets over a 4-second period for MI tasks by adopting full
channels, outperforming other existing studies. Besides, the results
of the five evaluation indexes of Recall, Precision, Test-auc, and
F1-score also achieve 97.76%, 97.98%, 98.63% and 97.86%,
respectively. Moreover, a Gradient-class Activation Mapping
(GRAD-CAM) visualization technique is adopted to select the vital
EEG channels and reduce the irrelevant information. As a result, we
also obtained a satisfying outcome of 94.52% accuracy with 36
channels selected using the Grad-CAM approach. Our study not only
provides an optimal trade-off between recognition rate and number of
channels with half the number of channels reduced, but also it can
also advances practical application research in the field of BCI
rehabilitation medicine, effectively.
Directional detection of keV proton and carbon recoils with MIMAC
Authors: Beaufort C. , Guillaudin O. , Santos D. , Sauzet N. , Mobio E. , Babut R. , Tao C. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Directional detection is the dedicated strategy to
demonstrate that DM-like signals measured by direct detectors are
indeed produced by DM particles from the galactic halo. The
experimental challenge of measuring the direction of DM-induced
nuclear recoils with (sub-)millimeter tracks has limited, so far,
the maximal directional reach to DM masses around
100 GeV. In this paper, we expose the MIMAC detector to
three different neutron fields and we develop a method to
reconstruct the direction of the neutron-induced nuclear recoils. We
measure an angular resolution better than 16° for proton
recoils down to a kinetic energy of 4 keV and for carbon
recoils down to a kinetic energy of 5.5 keV. For the
first time, a detector achieves the directional measurement of
proton and carbon recoils with kinetic energies in the keV range
without any restriction on the direction of the incoming
particle. This work demonstrates that directional detection is
around the corner for probing DM with masses down to
𝒪(1 GeV).
Experimental evaluation of tribo-performances of bump foil journal bearing with different materials of foil
Authors: Mourya Vishal , Bhore Skylab P 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the bump foil journal bearing (FJB) is developed with five different foil materials: Inconel X750 (IN-X750), Stainless steel 316 (SS316), Beryllium copper (BC), Spring steel EN42J (SP EN42J) and Phosphor bronze (PB). A complete fabrication process is described in detail, along with the design of fixtures, to develop the bump FJB. This fabrication process includes various machining operations such as milling, rolling, cutting, threading, forming etc. The forming load versus deflection curve is obtained for all the foil materials with the metal forming operation. After fabricating it, the load-deflection test is performed to evaluate the structural characteristics (stiffness, energy dissipation and damping coefficient) of these developed bump FJB. Further, the tribological characteristics of bump FJB such as wear rate and surface roughness are evaluated by the experimental study. Moreover, the interface temperature of bump FJB is also captured by using the thermal imager. This study shows that the metal forming operation is the most challenging step among all the fabrication steps of bump FJB Among all the foil materials, the minimum wear rate and maximum surface roughness of bump FJB are observed for the IN-X750. The maximum spring-back effect in bump FJB is found for the Spring steel EN42J. These results demonstrate that the maximum energy dissipation and stiffness of bump FJB are observed for the Phosphor bronze and Inconel-X750 respectively. In addition, the damping coeffcient of bump FJB is evaluated.
Influence of different manufacturing techniques on GFRP flat-joggle-flat composite joints using multi-scale reinforcements for enhancing shear properties
Authors: Hiremath Vinayak S , Dhilipkumar Thulasidhas , Reddy D Mallikarjuna , Mutra Rajasekhara Reddy , Rajesh Murugan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Composite materials, particularly glass fibre-reinforced polymers, or GFRP are being used far more frequently. Airframes have been manufactured utilizing reinforced composites, including struts, frames, and flaps, employing raised epoxy-based co-cure technology. The current research describes a multi-scale approach to fortifying graphene nanoparticles (GNP) and carbon fibre Z-pins in order to strengthen the flat-joggle-flat composite joints with different manufacturing technique. Shear investigation showed that by adding GNPs and putting carbon fibre pins (Z-pins) in a crosswise position (perpendicular to the plane) to the joint's surface, concurrent reinforcement gives rise to greater shear characteristics with quasi-static loads. Specifically, there was a 45.6% improvement in shear resistance when contrasted with unreinforced co-cured FJF joints. The FESEM has been utilized to demonstrate the failure analysis of the specimens, which shows the clear failure mechanism of the FJF joint specimens. The FJF joint with multiscale reinforcement has a very high natural frequency of 685.1 Hz as compared to other configurations, according to the vibration analysis.
Firing salts method for the synthesis of orthorhombic Gd2TiO5: experimental characterization supported by DFT first principles calculations
Authors: Quintana-García M , León-Flores J , Pérez-Mazariego J L , Arenas-Alatorre J , Marquina M L 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This work presents the synthesis by the new ‘firing salts method’ (FSM) of orthorhombic Gd
2
TiO
5 which requires only two hours at 1200 °C. X Ray Diffraction, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy characterized it. Electron microscopy shows particle size distribution between 50–500 nm with orthorhombic structure according to Rietveld analysis. Raman—infrared spectroscopies and first principles calculations indicate that the second order contribution to the spectra comes from the Ti-O5 interactions. First principles calculations (Density Functional Theory) were used as an aid for the interpretation of the experimental results to assign the normal modes to the bands on the Raman and IR spectra; it also provided an insight of the chemical reactivity of the synthesis.
Photoelectric synapses based on all-two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor heterojunction
Authors: Zhao Xuanyan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Photoelectric synapses are attracting intensive attention due to its low power consumption and adaptive learning. However, traditional ferroelectric field effect transistors are not conducive to the integrated application in artificial intelligence systems. Here, we design the all two-dimensional photoelectric synapse device based on WSe2/MoS2/α-In2Se3 ferroelectric van der Waals heterojunction, which has high memory capacity (memory on/off = 105) and synaptic function. In addition, we simulate an artificial neural network to modify the handwritten digit recognition of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. In particular, the recognition rates are 92.4% and 93.6% for electrical synapse and photoelectric synapse, respectively. This work provides an effective strategy for achieving stable integration of neuromorphic computing.
Assessment of impacts of flood and coping strategies among rural households in Gicumbi district, Rwanda
Authors: Uwayisenga Ange Josiane , Adelekan Ibidun , Oguge Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Floods have become recurrent events in Rwanda, causing diverse effects on rural households across the country. However, little is known about the effects of floods encountered by people and their coping strategies, which are crucial for reducing vulnerability. Gicumbi District is among the most exposed to climate hazards and is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The effects of floods on rural households in Gicumbi district and their coping strategies were examined. A mixed approach was adopted where quantitative data was collected to inform wider understanding of a population and qualitative ones to acquire deep contextual insights about individual’s lived experiences. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 399 heads of households stratified into six district sectors. The study employed descriptive and inferential statistics for data analysis. Common effects of flooding experienced by the respondents included crop destruction, house damage, lack of sufficient food and safe drinking water. The coping strategies adopted by the respondents included saving money and food, support from friends and families, selling assets, borrowing money to restore losses, and migrating to other communities. In addition, flood victims received support from local authorities and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), including financial support, temporary shelters, and life support materials. Adaptation strategies adopted by households included drainage channels, plantation of trees, radical terraces and sandbags. The results showed that lack of flood risk knowledge and access to early warnings, inadequate housing, living in high-risk areas, and dependence on a single source of income were the main factors influencing the severity of flood effects. Early warnings (p < 0.001) and flood risk awareness (p = 0.009) significantly elicited positive coping mechanisms. Governments and relevant stakeholders should develop effective strategies and establish programs enabling timely access to early warning systems and increasing disaster risk awareness to reduce vulnerability for improved livelihoods and community resilience.
Transformer-powered surrogates close the ICF simulation-experiment gap with extremely limited data
Authors: Olson Matthew L , Liu Shusen , Thiagarajan Jayaraman J , Kustowski Bogdan , Wong Weng-Keen , Anirudh Rushil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in machine learning, specifically transformer architecture, have led to significant advancements in commercial domains. These powerful models have demonstrated superior capability to learn complex relationships and often generalize better to new data and problems. This paper presents a novel transformer-powered approach for enhancing prediction accuracy in multi-modal output scenarios, where sparse experimental data is supplemented with simulation data. The proposed approach integrates transformer-based architecture with a novel graph-based hyper-parameter optimization technique. The resulting system not only effectively reduces simulation bias, but also achieves superior prediction accuracy compared to the prior method. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on inertial confinement fusion experiments, where only 10 shots of real-world data are available, as well as synthetic versions of these experiments.
A European Elizabethan
Authors: Gehring David Scott 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This book brings Robert Beale, a man usually in the background and shadows of Elizabethan England, into the light. By situating him in his European contexts of education, travel, religion, and politics, it illuminates the ways in which Beale’s experiences in the Holy Roman Empire and France prepared him for a career in the engine room of Elizabethan government. A man of modest origins, he enjoyed the patronage, protection, and friendship of some of Queen Elizabeth’s top officials like William Cecil and Francis Walsingham, but he was also personally insecure and financially vulnerable. Beale’s own religious inclinations, political principles, legal positions, and personal life all come into full colour here, as do the ways in which Beale engaged with many large and overlapping issues in Elizabethan politics and religion, like the royal succession, Puritanism, international relations, and the wars of religion. By thoroughly investigating Beale’s personal reference archive, which remains largely intact at the British Library, and additional material across the UK, mainland Europe, and the USA, this book endeavours to mirror Beale’s own archival practices in collation, reading, reflecting, and writing that made him simultaneously a jack-of-all trades and a master of them all. By considering a man with identities and experiences both particularly English and broadly European, the book offers a route forward for thinking about Europe was in England, and England was in Europe.
Europe in England
Authors: Gehring David Scott 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The introductory chapter situates the challenge of writing a biography in the immediate context of Robert Beale’s life and relevant papers. It addresses how historians, such as Patrick Collinson and Mark Taviner, have viewed Beale in different ways, from his own age to the present, often in compartmentalized or partial ways. In addition, the chapter offers a broad outline for the book and discusses various historiographical issues. Of special note are the scholarly attention paid to international connections between England and mainland Europe in the sixteenth century, the state paper office, and renewed interest in diplomacy and governance. Overall, the chapter suggests the merits of seeing aspects of broader European history and culture in sixteenth-century England.
Finding his Feet, Finding a Role
Authors: Gehring David Scott 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter moves from 1563 to 1569 and discusses Beale’s activity in Germany and France during these years. It investigates Beale’s first real ‘job’ in working for the earl of Hertford regarding the legitimacy of his marriage to Katherine Grey and, accordingly, claim in the royal succession. John Hales, Beale’s step-uncle, played a major role in the drama both by way of his activity in the House of Commons and in corresponding with Beale while Beale was in Germany surveying legal opinion on the matter. Beale’s connections with civil lawyers in high places are examined, including the Reichskammergericht (Imperial Chamber Court) at Speyer. His subsequent work in the English embassy in Paris is discussed, as are his contact with William Cecil and his continued knowledge and expertise in German affairs. Beale’s most significant work to 1569, ‘the State of Germany’, is contexualized and analysed.
Diplomatic Interlude
Authors: Gehring David Scott 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In 1576 and 1577 Beale was sent abroad as Queen Elizabeth’s formal ambassador, first to the Netherlands to negotiate the release of English ships, and second to Germany to persuade the Protestant princes away from hardline Lutheran doctrines in the Formula of Concord condemning other Protestants. Beale was climbing the ladder of government service, but he was still largely recognized as a specialist in diplomacy and with the relevant languages. In both cases, Beale achieved a degree of success, but he also was the victim of piracy and incurred enormous financial losses. One of several ambassadors on each occasion, Beale followed in the footsteps of Philip Sidney and worked closely with Daniel Rogers, a friend from years previous and close colleague for years to come. Looking towards the future, Beale collected and retained as much of his paperwork possible, which added to his working personal archive.
The Highest Highs and Lowest Lows
Authors: Gehring David Scott 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Beale did not slow down between 1585 and 1593. He had more children, and split time between the City of London and Barnes, in Surrey. Beale’s worked on further negotiations regarding Mary Queen of Scots, culminating in his role in her execution at Fotheringhay in 1587. He served again in Parliament and in additional roles in the Council of the North and petty custom in London. He also became a member of the Elizabethan Society of Antiquaries. His part in Mary’s demise was recognized overseas, to Beale’s chagrin, but he was soon abroad again in the Netherlands, this time as an English sitting member of the Dutch Council of State when Leicester was governor general. Beale also worked again with Henry Killigrew. Upon his return Beale was asked to negotiate with the Hanseatic League of merchants, with whom English relations were souring. In 1593 Beale was dismissed from Parliament.
England in Europe
Authors: Gehring David Scott 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The final chapter of the biography recounts Beale’s life in broad strokes and draws several themes together, both within his own life and across the age. Beale’s merits, shortcomings, personal idiosyncrasies, and principles are considered. Attention is paid to his archive and how it relates to archival practices both in England and elsewhere, and his networks of friends and associates near and far are noted. The limitations of the voluminous sources used in the study are discussed. Readers are invited to think about the ways in which Englishmen like Beale and English affairs more broadly mattered to a broader European theatre, especially though not exclusively regarding the wars of religion. Just as the introductory chapter considered the ways in which mainland Europe could affect and influence sixteenth-century England, the concluding chapter considers the inverse and accordingly recognizes the relative rise of Elizabethan England in Reformation Europe.
Incorporating temporal dynamics of mutations to enhance the prediction capability of antiretroviral therapy’s outcome for HIV-1
Authors: Di Teodoro Giulia , Pirkl Martin , Incardona Francesca , Vicenti Ilaria , Sönnerborg Anders , Kaiser Rolf , Palagi Laura , Zazzi Maurizio , Lengauer Thomas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Motivation
In predicting HIV therapy outcomes, a critical clinical question is whether using historical information can enhance predictive capabilities compared with current or latest available data analysis. This study analyses whether historical knowledge, which includes viral mutations detected in all genotypic tests before therapy, their temporal occurrence, and concomitant viral load measurements, can bring improvements. We introduce a method to weigh mutations, considering the previously enumerated factors and the reference mutation-drug Stanford resistance tables. We compare a model encompassing history (H) with one not using this information (NH).

Results
The H-model demonstrates superior discriminative ability, with a higher ROC-AUC score (76.34%) than the NH-model (74.98%). Wilcoxon test results confirm significant improvement of predictive accuracy for treatment outcomes through incorporating historical information. The increased performance of the H-model might be attributed to its consideration of latent HIV reservoirs, probably obtained when leveraging historical information. The findings emphasize the importance of temporal dynamics in acquiring mutations. However, our result also shows that prediction accuracy remains relatively high even when no historical information is available.

Availability and implementation
This analysis was conducted using the Euresist Integrated DataBase (EIDB). For further validation, we encourage reproducing this study with the latest release of the EIDB, which can be accessed upon request through the Euresist Network.
Efficient data integration under prior probability shift
Authors: Huang Ming-Yueh , Qin Jing , Huang Chiung-Yu 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Conventional supervised learning usually operates under the premise that data are collected from the same underlying population. However, challenges may arise when integrating new data from different populations, resulting in a phenomenon known as dataset shift. This paper focuses on prior probability shift, where the distribution of the outcome varies across datasets but the conditional distribution of features given the outcome remains the same. To tackle the challenges posed by such shift, we propose an estimation algorithm that can efficiently combine information from multiple sources. Unlike existing methods that are restricted to discrete outcomes, the proposed approach accommodates both discrete and continuous outcomes. It also handles high-dimensional covariate vectors through variable selection using an adaptive least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty, producing efficient estimates that possess the oracle property. Moreover, a novel semiparametric likelihood ratio test is proposed to check the validity of prior probability shift assumptions by embedding the null conditional density function into Neyman’s smooth alternatives (Neyman, 1937) and testing study-specific parameters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method through extensive simulations and a real data example. The proposed methods serve as a useful addition to the repertoire of tools for dealing dataset shifts.