bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Impact of Baseline Low Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease of Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: Ortiz Martín Ruiz , Romo Elías , Mesa Dolores , Delgado Mónica , Ogayar Cristina , Anguita Manuel , Castillo Juan C. , Arizón José M. , de Lezo José Suárez 
Published: May 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;00:00–00 ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The authors’ aim was to investigate the prognostic value of first‐visit systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) in hypertensive patients with stable coronary artery disease (sCAD) in conditions of contemporary daily clinical practice. From February 1, 2000, to January 31, 2004, 690 consecutive hypertensive patients with sCAD (mean age 68±10 years, 65% male) were prospectively followed in the outpatient cardiology clinic for major events (acute coronary syndrome, revascularization, stroke, heart failure, or death) and associations with baseline SBP/DBP were investigated. At first visit, median SBP/SDP were 130/75 mm Hg (interquartile range, 25–75; 120–140/70–80 mm Hg). After 25 months of follow‐up (median), 19 patients died (2.8%); 10 from cardiovascular causes (1.5%), 87 patients experienced a coronary event (13%), and 130 patients (19%) a major event. After adjusting for baseline variables, DBP <75 mm Hg or SBP <130 mm Hg resulted in independent predictors of major events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–2.16, P=.02; HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.18–2.40, P=.004, respectively), coronary events (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.15–2.75, P=.009; HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.20–2.83, P=.005, respectively), and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 7.02; 95% CI, 1.26–39.04, P=.03; HR, 9.26; 95% CI, 1.33–64.32, P=.02, respectively). In this study, a low first‐visit SBP or DBP was associated with an adverse prognosis in hypertensive patients with sCAD of contemporary daily clinical practice.
Dietary Supplements and Hypertension: Potential Benefits and Precautions
Authors: Rasmussen Carly B. , Glisson James K. , Minor Deborah S. 
Published: May 2012

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012; 14:467–471. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Dietary supplements (DSs) are used extensively in the general population and many are promoted for the natural treatment and management of hypertension. Patients with hypertension often choose to use these products either in addition to or instead of pharmacologic antihypertensive agents. Because of the frequent use of DS, both consumers and health care providers should be aware of the considerable issues surrounding these products and factors influencing both efficacy and safety. In this review of the many DSs promoted for the management of hypertension, 4 products with evidence of possible benefits (coenzyme Q10, fish oil, garlic, vitamin C) and 4 that were consistently associated with increasing blood pressure were found (ephedra, Siberian ginseng, bitter orange, licorice). The goals and objectives of this review are to discuss the regulation of DS, evaluate the efficacy of particular DS in the treatment of hypertension, and highlight DS that may potentially increase blood pressure.
Infected bronchogenic cyst causing dysphagia and retrosternal pain
Authors: Søndergaard Eva Bjerre , Pedersen Jesper Holst , Kleive Dyre 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBronchogenic cysts are congenital. They are typically discovered in infancy or early childhood. Secondary infection of the cyst is uncommon. We present the case of a 17‐year‐old female who presented to the emergency department with intermediate onset of upper abdominal, and retrosternal chest pain and fever. Subsequent X‐ray and computerised tomography scan showed a bronchogenic cyst. The patient underwent subacute thoracotomy where a bronchogenic cyst filled with pus was located and excised. Bronchogenic cysts can be a rare cause of retrosternal pain.Please cite this paper as: Søndergaard EB, Pedersen JH and Kleive D. Infected bronchogenic cyst causing dysphagia and retrosternal pain. Clin Respir J 2013; 7: e1–e2.
New Danish reference values for spirometry
Authors: Løkke Anders , Marott Jacob Louis , Mortensen Jann , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne , Dahl Morten , Lange Peter 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIntroduction:  International recommendations state that reference values for lung function should derive from cross‐sectional studies of healthy nonsmokers and be renewed from time to time because of cohort effect and newer, more accurate, technical equipment. In 1986, the Danish Lung Society published reference values for spirometry based on 570 individuals aged 30–70 years.Objectives:  To produce new reference values for lung function and to extend the existing values by including individuals between 20 and 30 years of age and older than 70 years of age.Methods:  Two similar but independent studies was used: The 2001–2003 examination of the Copenhagen City Heart Study and the 2003–2010 examination of the Copenhagen General Population Study. Of a total of 69 822 individuals, we included 11 288 healthy never‐smoking white individuals to produce the reference values: 6307 women and 4981 men, 20 years of age or older with adequate lung function.Results:  We used sex‐stratified multiple linear regression analysis to find prediction formulas for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC adjusted for age and height. The cutoff value of normal lung function was defined as the fifth percentile (also named the 5% quantile) according to gender, age and height. The robustness of the data was tested and validated in several ways.Conclusion:  Compared with the 1986 data, our 2001–2010 material contributes with a substantial number of individuals in the more extreme groups of age and height, and in general, our dataset shows that in most subgroups, the lung function level has improved during the last two decades.Please cite this paper as: Løkke A, Marott JL, Mortensen J, Nordestgaard BG, Dahl M and Lange P. New Danish reference values for spirometry. Clin Respir J 2013; 7: 153–167.
A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties
Authors: Schoolmaster Donald R. , Grace James B. , William Schweiger E. 
Published: May 2012

Summary1. Stewardship of biological and ecological resources requires the ability to make integrative assessments of ecological integrity. One of the emerging methods for making such integrative assessments is multimetric indices (MMIs). These indices synthesize data, often from multiple levels of biological organization, with the goal of deriving a single index that reflects the overall effects of human disturbance. Despite the widespread use of MMIs, there is uncertainty about why this approach can be effective. An understanding of MMIs requires a quantitative theory that illustrates how the properties of candidate metrics relates to MMIs generated from those metrics.2. We present the initial basis for such a theory by deriving the general mathematical characteristics of MMIs assembled from metrics. We then use the theory to derive quantitative answers to the following questions: Is there an optimal number of metrics to comprise an index? How does covariance among metrics affect the performance of the index derived from those metrics? And what are the criteria to decide whether a given metric will improve the performance of an index?3. We find that the optimal number of metrics to be included in an index depends on the theoretical distribution of signal of the disturbance gradient contained in each metric. For example, if the rank‐ordered parameters of a metric‐disturbance regression can be described by a monotonically decreasing function, then an optimum number of metrics exists and can often be derived analytically. We derive the conditions by which adding a given metric can be expected to improve an index.4. We find that the criterion defining such conditions depends nonlinearly of the signal of the disturbance gradient, the noise (error) of the metric and the correlation of the metric errors. Importantly, we find that correlation among metric errors increases the signal required for the metric to improve the index.5. The theoretical framework presented in this study provides the basis for understanding the properties of MMIs. It can also be useful throughout the index construction process. Specifically, it can be used to aid understanding of the benefits and limitations of combining metrics into indices; it can inform selection/collection of candidate metrics; and it can be used directly as a decision aid in effective index construction.
Fano 3-folds in codimension 4, Tom and Jerry. Part I
Authors: Brown Gavin , Kerber Michael , Reid Miles 
Published: May 2012

AbstractWe introduce a strategy based on Kustin–Miller unprojection that allows us to construct many hundreds of Gorenstein codimension 4 ideals with 9×16 resolutions (that is, nine equations and sixteen first syzygies). Our two basic games are called Tom and Jerry; the main application is the biregular construction of most of the anticanonically polarised Mori Fano 3-folds of Altınok’s thesis. There are 115 cases whose numerical data (in effect, the Hilbert series) allow a Type I projection. In every case, at least one Tom and one Jerry construction works, providing at least two deformation families of quasismooth Fano 3-folds having the same numerics but different topology.
Slopes of the U7 operator acting on a space of overconvergent modular forms
Authors: Kilford L. J. P. , McMurdy Ken 
Published: May 2012

AbstractLet χ be the primitive Dirichlet character of conductor 49 defined by χ(3)=ζ for ζ a primitive 42nd root of unity. We explicitly compute the slopes of the U7 operator acting on the space of overconvergent modular forms on X1(49) with weight k and character χ7k−6 or χ8−7k, depending on the embedding of ℚ(ζ) into ℂ7. By applying results of Coleman and of Cohen and Oesterlé, we are then able to deduce the slopes of U7 acting on all classical Hecke newforms of the same weight and character.
Surface scanning through a cylindrical tank of coupling fluid for clinical microwave breast imaging exams
Authors: Pallone Matthew J. , Meaney Paul M. , Paulsen Keith D. 
Published: May 2012

Purpose:Microwave tomographic image quality can be improved significantly with prior knowledge of the breast surface geometry. The authors have developed a novel laser scanning system capable of accurately recovering surface renderings of breast‐shaped phantoms immersed within a cylindrical tank of coupling fluid which resides completely external to the tank (and the aqueous environment) and overcomes the challenges associated with the optical distortions caused by refraction from the air, tank wall, and liquid bath interfaces.Methods:The scanner utilizes two laser line generators and a small CCD camera mounted concentrically on a rotating gantry about the microwave imaging tank. Various calibration methods were considered for optimizing the accuracy of the scanner in the presence of the optical distortions including traditional ray tracing and image registration approaches. In this paper, the authors describe the construction and operation of the laser scanner, compare the efficacy of several calibration methods—including analytical ray tracing and piecewise linear, polynomial, locally weighted mean, and thin‐plate‐spline (TPS) image registrations—and report outcomes from preliminary phantom experiments.Results:The results show that errors in calibrating camera angles and position prevented analytical ray tracing from achieving submillimeter accuracy in the surface renderings obtained from our scanner configuration. Conversely, calibration by image registration reliably attained mean surface errors of less than 0.5 mm depending on the geometric complexity of the object scanned. While each of the image registration approaches outperformed the ray tracing strategy, the authors found global polynomial methods produced the best compromise between average surface error and scanner robustness.Conclusions:The laser scanning system provides a fast and accurate method of three dimensional surface capture in the aqueous environment commonly found in microwave breast imaging. Optical distortions imposed by the imaging tank and coupling bath diminished the effectiveness of the ray tracing approach; however, calibration through image registration techniques reliably produced scans of submillimeter accuracy. Tests of the system with breast‐shaped phantoms demonstrated the successful implementation of the scanner for the intended application.
A High-Fidelity Orchestra Simulator for Individual Musicians’ Practice
Authors: Olmos Adriana , Bouillot Nicolas , Knight Trevor , Mabire Nordhal , Redel Josh , Cooperstock Jeremy R. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
We developed the Open Orchestra system to provide individual musicians with a high-fidelity experience of ensemble rehearsal or performance, combined with the convenience and flexibility of solo study. This builds on the theme of an immersive orchestral simulator that also supports the pedagogical objective of instructor feedback on individual recordings, as needed to improve one's performance. Unlike previous systems intended for musical rehearsal, Open Orchestra attempts to offer both an auditory and a visual representation of the rest of the orchestra, spatially rendered from the perspective of the practicing musician. We review the objectives and architecture of our system, describe the functions of our digital music stand, discuss the challenges of generating the media content needed for this system, and describe provisions for offering feedback during rehearsal.
Children in Deuteronomy: The Partisan Nature of Divine Justice
Authors: Murphy A. James 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIt is sometimes argued that the god of Israel has a universal concern for children. Like adults, they are made in his image. Abortion and exposure seem relatively unattested in ancient Israel and the law forbade parents from passing their children “through the fire” (Deut. 18:10). Children are among the most vulnerable in the ancient world and, like the poor, the widow and orphan, God's justice displays particular concern for their care. Using theories of childhood development, this paper proposes perspectives of children on how divine justice affects children in Deuteronomy. This paper argues that for children in Deuteronomy, the god of Israel can be a source of protection and sustenance for some, while a source of terror and death for others. Concern for children is not universal. Deut. 6:7 and 6:20-25 stipulate that Israelite parents nurture and educate their children in the law, ensuring their protection and sustenance in the land God gifted them. By contrast, for children in Deut. 20:14 the god of Israel means terror, sanctioning the destruction of their households and their enslavement. The children in Deut. 20:16-17 receive no mention. They are collateral damage in the laws of Deuteronomy.
Squall Lines and Convectively Coupled Gravity Waves in the Tropics: Why Do Most Cloud Systems Propagate Westward?
Authors: Tulich Stefan N. , Kiladis George N. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
The coupling between tropical convection and zonally propagating gravity waves is assessed through Fourier analysis of high-resolution (3-hourly, 0.5°) satellite rainfall data. Results show the familiar enhancement in power along the dispersion curves of equatorially trapped inertia–gravity waves with implied equivalent depths in the range 15–40 m (i.e., pure gravity wave speeds in the range 12–20 m s−1). Here, such wave signals are seen to extend all the way down to zonal wavelengths of around 500 km and periods of around 8 h, suggesting that convection–wave coupling may be important even in the context of mesoscale squall lines. This idea is supported by an objective wave-tracking algorithm, which shows that many previously studied squall lines, in addition to “2-day waves,” can be classified as convectively coupled inertia–gravity waves with the dispersion properties of shallow-water gravity waves. Most of these disturbances propagate westward at speeds faster than the background flow. To understand why, the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Model is used to perform some near-cloud-resolving simulations of convection on an equatorial beta plane. Results indicate that low-level easterly shear of the background zonal flow, as opposed to steering by any mean flow, is essential for explaining the observed westward-propagation bias.
Standing and Transient Eddies in the Response of the Southern Ocean Meridional Overturning to the Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Dufour C. O. , Le Sommer J. , Zika J. D. , Gehlen M. , Orr J. C. , Mathiot P. , Barnier B. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
To refine the understanding of how the Southern Ocean responds to recent intensification of the southern annular mode (SAM), a regional ocean model at two eddy-permitting resolutions was forced with two synthetic interannual forcings. The first forcing corresponds to homogeneously intensified winds, while the second concerns their poleward intensification, consistent with positive phases of the SAM. Resulting wind-driven responses differ greatly between the nearly insensitive Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the more sensitive meridional overturning circulation (MOC). As expected, eddies mitigate the response of the ACC and MOC to poleward-intensified winds. However, transient eddies do not necessarily play an increasing role in meridional transport with increasing resolution. As winds and resolution increase, meridional transport from standing eddies becomes more efficient at balancing wind-enhanced overturning. These results question the current paradigms on the role of eddies and present new challenges for eddy flux parameterization. Results also indicate that spatial patterns of wind anomalies are at least as important as the overall change in intensity in influencing the Southern Ocean’s dynamic response to wind events. Poleward-intensified wind anomalies from the positive trend in the SAM are far more efficient in accelerating the ACC than homogeneous wind anomalies.
A Bistatic Sodar for Precision Wind Profiling in Complex Terrain
Authors: Bradley Stuart , von Hünerbein Sabine , Mikkelsen Torben 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
A new ground-based wind profiling technology—a scanned bistatic sodar—is described. The motivation for this design is to obtain a “mastlike” wind vector profile in a single atmospheric column extending from the ground to heights of more than 200 m. The need for this columnar profiling arises from difficulties experienced by all existing lidars and sodars in the presence of nonhorizontally uniform wind fields, such as found generically in complex terrain. Other advantages are described, including improved signal strength from turbulent velocity fluctuations, improved data availability in neutral atmospheric temperature profiles, improved rejection of rain echoes, and improved rejection of echoes from fixed (nonatmospheric) objects. Initial brief field tests indicate that the scattered intensity profile agrees with theoretical expectations, and bistatic sodar winds are consistent with winds from standard mast-mounted instruments.
Dietary rice bran promotes resistance to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colonization in mice
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Henderson Angela , Forster Genevieve M , Goodyear Andrew W , Weir Tiffany L , Leach Jan E , Dow Steven W , Ryan Elizabeth P 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background
Dietary rice bran consists of many bioactive components with disease fighting properties; including the capacity to modulate the gut microbiota. Studies point to the important roles of the gut microbiota and the mucosal epithelium in the establishment of protection against enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella. The ability of rice bran to reduce the susceptibility of mice to a Salmonella infection has not been previously investigated. Therefore, we hypothesized that the incorporation of rice bran into the diet would inhibit the colonization of Salmonella in mice through the induction of protective mucosal responses.

Results
Mice were fed diets containing 0%, 10% and 20% rice bran for one week prior to being orally infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We found that mice consuming the 10 and 20% rice bran diets exhibited a reduction in Salmonella fecal shedding for up to nine days post-infection as compared to control diet fed animals (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed decreased concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-12 (p < 0.05) as well as increased colonization of native Lactobacillus spp. in rice bran fed mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed the ability of rice bran extracts to reduce Salmonella entry into mouse small intestinal epithelial cells.

Conclusions
Increasing rice bran consumption represents a novel dietary means for reducing susceptibility to enteric infection with Salmonella and potentially via induction of native Lactobacillus spp.
Corynebacterium ulcerans 0102 carries the gene encoding diphtheria toxin on a prophage different from the C. diphtheriae NCTC 13129 prophage
Authors: Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Akihiko , Komiya Takako , Kenri Tsuyoshi , Takeuchi Fumihiko , Shibayama Keigo , Takahashi Motohide , Kuroda Makoto , Iwaki Masaaki 
Published: May 2012

AbstractBackgroundCorynebacterium ulceranscan cause a diphtheria-like illness, especially when the bacterium is lysogenized with atoxgene-carrying bacteriophage that produces diphtheria toxin. Acquisition of toxigenicity upon phage lysogenization is a common feature ofC. ulceransandC. diphtheriae. However, because of a lack ofC. ulceransgenome information, a detailed comparison of prophages has not been possible between these two clinically important and closely related bacterial species.ResultsWe determined the whole genome sequence of the toxigenicC. ulcerans0102 isolated in Japan. The genomic sequence showed a striking similarity with that ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisand, to a lesser extent, with that ofC. diphtheriae. The 0102 genome contained three distinct prophages. One of these, ΦCULC0102-I, was atox-positive prophage containing genes in the same structural order as fortox-positiveC. diphtheriaeprophages. However, the primary structures of the individual genes involved in the phage machinery showed little homology between the two counterparts.ConclusionTaken together, these results suggest that thetox-positive prophage in this strain ofC. ulceranshas a distinct origin from that ofC. diphtheriaeNCTC 13129.