bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rasch Validation of the Streamlined Wolf Motor Function Test in People With Chronic Stroke and Subacute Stroke
Authors: Chen Hui-fang , Wu Ching-yi , Lin Keh-chung , Chen Hsieh-ching , Chen Carl P-C. , Chen Chih-kuang 
Published: May 2012

BackgroundThe construct validity and reliability of the short form of the Wolf Motor Function Test (S-WMFT) in people with subacute stroke and chronic stroke (S-WMFT subacute stroke and chronic stroke versions) have not been investigated.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensionality, item difficulty hierarchy, differential item functioning (DIF), and reliability of the S-WMFT subacute stroke and chronic stroke versions in people with mild to moderate upper-extremity (UE) dysfunction.DesignThis was a secondary study in which data collected from randomized controlled trials were used.MethodsData were collected at baseline from 97 people with chronic stroke (&gt;12 months after stroke) and 75 people with subacute stroke (3–9 months after stroke) at 3 medical centers in Taiwan. Test structure, hierarchical properties, DIF, and reliability were assessed with Rasch analysis.ResultsThe test structure for both versions was unidimensional. No DIF relevant to sex, age, or stroke location (hemispheric laterality) was detected. The tasks of moving a hand to a box and moving a hand to a table in the S-WMFT for subacute stroke showed a significantly high correlation. The reliability coefficients for both versions were approximately .90.LimitationsThe findings were limited to people with stroke and mild to moderate impairment of UE function.ConclusionsThe S-WMFT subacute stroke and chronic stroke versions are useful tools for assessing UE function in different subgroups of people with stroke and show evidence of construct validity and reliability. A high correlation between the tasks of moving a hand to a box and moving a hand to a table in the S-WMFT for subacute stroke suggests that the removal of 1 of these 2 items is warranted.
Space-ifesto 2012 (A Manifesto Toward Conditions and the Proliferation of Culture in a BETTER CANADA)
Authors: Singh Rebecca 
Published: May 2012

OCCUPY SPACE ALWAYS START BACKWARDS: (TO BE READ ALOUD) To the civil servant, the city counselor, and MP! To our friends, supporters, benefactors. To the courageous follower (you know who you are!) You are making space for ART: Cheers to you! To the women and men who make space on the fringes for the masses who like Fringes. To the festival organizers, the fundraiser, the arts administrator, WE, THE ARTISTS, Thank you! To the theatre managers who in this day and age might be wishing for a “found space”, To the architects who thought about the city, the people, and what would happen inside, To function first! (with no disrespect to form). To large washrooms, with twice as many stalls for women, To soft lighting that makes you look good, To artists paying artists. Let this never be a bad thing, To designers who deal in magic, To postage stamp size studio spaces, To the agora, where it all began, and to the faithful technician, devoted, sitting watch. THREE CHEERS TO THE THEATRE AND ALL ITS PARTS!! LONG LIVE THE THEATRE!!! Hip Hip, Hurrah! Hip Hip, HURRAH!! Hip Hip, HURRAH!!!
Les deux guerres justes. L'éthique de la guerre face aux évolutions récentes de la conflictualité internationale
Authors: Holeindre Jean-Vincent 
Published: May 2012

Résumé Cet article vise à mesurer l'impact des transformations de la conflictualité internationale sur l'éthique de la guerre. Il s'agit tout d'abord de montrer que l'effacement de la guerre interétatique au profit de guerres « irrégulières » représente un défi à la fois moral et politique pour les démocraties occidentales qui y sont confrontées. Nous examinons ensuite les effets de l'évolution du droit international sur l'éthique de la guerre. Le droit de la guerre « grotien », fondé sur les théories de la guerre juste héritées de l'Antiquité, avait initialement pour but de limiter le recours à la force et les effets meurtriers de la guerre. Le droit des conflits armés, en tant que domaine spécifique du droit international humanitaire, considère la guerre comme une pathologie qui justifie le recours à l'« intervention » militaire motivée par des raisons humanitaires. Deux logiques différentes se dégagent, qui correspondent à deux définitions distinctes de la guerre juste : dans l'approche classique initiée par Grotius, celle-ci répond à certains critères normatifs et constitue un conflit « dans les formes » entre États qui se reconnaissent mutuellement comme entités légitimes. Dans l'approche nouvelle, est dite juste une guerre qui consiste à intervenir là où les droits de l'homme et la démocratie sont bafoués. Face à cette évolution, les armées des États démocratiques tentent de s'adapter : la morale traditionnelle du soldat, fondée sur l'idéal chevaleresque et la théorie des vertus, est concurrencée par une déontologie appliquée au métier des armes, qui vise à régler les questions morales par un discours fondé sur la compétence professionnelle.
La traversée du politique : Derrida et Ricœur entre pureté de la philosophie et tragique de l'action
Authors: Boudou Benjamin 
Published: May 2012

Résumé	Cet article propose un examen comparé et critique de la pensée politique de Paul Ric ur et de Jacques Derrida. Il s'agit d'analyser deux manières singulières d'agencer philosophie, éthique et théorie politique. Leur étonnante proximité thématique et leur méfiance commune vis-à-vis d'une politique purement procédurale et libérale ne doivent pas masquer des différends profonds quant à l'interprétation du sens de la justice et de la souveraineté. Le débordement éthique par l'inconditionnalité de l'« événement » chez Derrida s'oppose radicalement au souci de Ric ur pour l'« institution » et le lien social. Illustré par le concept d'hospitalité développée tardivement par l'un et par l'autre, cette différence d'approche implique de refuser à la fois l'ignorance de la théorie politique pour la pensée de Derrida, mais aussi une mobilisation trop hâtive de ses concepts avant tout philosophiques.
Les Jésuites de Quinet : un événement littéraire ? Réflexions sur une réception complexe
Authors: Anfray Clélia 
Published: May 2012

Les cours de Quinet et Michelet au Collège de France marquèrent non seulement les esprits de leurs contemporains mais s’inscrivirent encore dans le cadre d’une réflexion originale sur les rapports entre jésuitisme et révolution. Aussi méritent-ils d’être reconsidérés non plus seulement par le prisme des incidents conjoncturels qu’ils occasionnèrent, mais selon une vision symptomatique d’un processus historique large. Quatre formes de réception se dessinent : une réception immédiate et matérielle du cours, une réception politicienne et idéologique, qui envisage le thème des jésuites dans le contexte immédiat du « monopole universitaire » ; une réception ad personam qui lit les Jésuites par le prisme de convictions religieuses prêtées à Quinet ; et une réception historique qui, avec la distance temporelle et la lecture croisée des ouvrages de Quinet, lit derrière le thème des jésuites, une réflexion profonde et personnelle sur la révolution.
Virtual microscopy in cytotechnology education: Application of knowledge from virtual to glass
Authors: Donnelly Amber D , Mukherjee Maheswari S , Lyden Elizabeth R , Radio Stanley J 
Published: May 2012

Background:Virtual microscopy (VM) is a technology in which the glass slides are converted into digital images. The main objective of this study is to determine if cellular morphology, learned through virtual microscopy, can be applied to glass slide screening.Materials and Methods:A total of 142 glass slides (61 teaching and 81 practice) of breast, thyroid, and lymph node fine needle aspiration body sites were scanned with a single focal plane (at 40X) using iScanCoreo Au (Ventana, Tuscan, AZ, USA, formerly known as BioImagene, California, USA). Six students including one distant student used these digital images to learn cellular morphology and conduct daily screening. Subsequently, all the students were tested on 10 glass slides using light microscopy (LM). At the end of the study, the students were asked to respond to an online survey on their virtual microscopy experience. The glass slide screening test scores of the participating students who were taught through VM and tested on glass slides (VMLM group) were compared with the last three classes of students who were taught through LM and tested on glass slides (LMLM group).Results:A non-parametric statistical analysis indicated no difference (P= 0.20) in the glass screening test scores between VMLM (median = 93.5) and LMLM groups (median = 87). The survey indicated that the annotated teaching slides and access to the VM, off campus, were well appreciated by the students.Conclusions:Although the students preferred LM, they were able to apply the cytological criteria learned through VM to glass slide screening. Overall, VM was considered a great teaching tool.
Can the law help us to tackle genetic diseases that affect the welfare of dogs?
Authors: Boissevain I 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSome pedigree and other dogs suffer from serious genetic health problems. It is sad to acknowledge that this is not new. Dogs have been exposed to an increasing number of hereditary diseases for decades. Some of the diseases are the result of naturally occuring processes that result in mutations and the close linkeage of undesirable traits with desirable ones, others, however, are the result of choices made by breeders and owners about what is desirable for the dog breed. An owner with a sick dog, has recourse to consumer's legislation should they wish to get some of the money back that they paid for the ‘defective’ animal. Consumer's law is based on EU standards, and does give the owner some opportunities to litigate. This paper explains EU legislation, and provides an overview of the opinion of (Dutch) judges regarding cases involving animals with genetic defects. Legal and veterinary perspectives do not always work together in a satisfactory manner. The need for further legislation to prevent the continued breeding of dogs with serious genetic defects is discussed.
Electron‐Deficient Sites Constructed by Boron Doping Induce Homogenous Zn Deposition in Alkaline Zinc–Iron Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhu Fulong , Hu Zhengcheng , Guo Wei , Fu Yongzhu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlkaline zinc‐iron flow batteries (ZFBs) have recently attracted renewed attention. However, the critical issues with zinc anodes, such as dendrite formation, side reactions, and labile plating or stripping, have yet to be adequately addressed. Here, an attempt is made to overcome these challenges by designing Boron‐doped carbon‐felt (B–CF) electrodes rich in electron‐deficient sites and defects. The fabricated B–CF provides improved adsorption of negatively charged Zn(OH)42−, robust Zn nucleation sites, and lower Zn nucleation and deposition overpotentials, leading to homogeneous Zn deposition morphology. Uniform Zn deposition enables the prevention of undesirable dendrite growth and parasitic reactions. As a result, the constructed alkaline ZFBs achieve a high average Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.85% and energy efficiency of 88% with uniform Zn deposition during 300 cycles (40 mA cm−2). This work expands the understanding of the electrode design strategy for achieving favorable Zn plating/stripping.
Access to Functionalized Indenes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Homolytic Cleavage of a Furan C−O Bond
Authors: Jiang Kai , Zeng Guohui , Xie Xinyue , Luo Hui , Fan Qi , Yin Biaolin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA photoinduced palladium‐catalyzed ring‐opening hydroarylation of furans to form functionalized indenes was achieved via an intramolecular reductive coupling of aryl bromide with furan using silane as the reductant. Deuterium tracking and DFT analysis revealed a reasonable reaction pathway involving: 1) the homolytic cleavage of the furan C−O bond induced by the α‐allyl radical; 2) a 1,6‐H atom transfer from carbon to oxygen.
Palladium (II) Precursors for Clean In Situ Formation of Ad Hoc Cross‐Coupling Catalysts. Their Application in One‐Pot/Two‐Step Catalyses with 2‐Biaryl‐Dialkylphosphine Ligands
Authors: Ponce‐de‐León Jaime , Villalba‐Antolín Sara , Martínez‐Ilarduya Jesús M. , Espinet Pablo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractComplexes cis‐[Pd(ArF)2(NCMe)2] (A) and cis‐[Pd(ArF)2(THF)2] (B) (ArF=C6F3H2) are fast general precursors easy to prepare, store and handle, which allow in situ synthesis of tailor‐made [Pd(Ar)(X)(L)] catalysts for chosen Ar‐Nu couplings, provided that the L ligand (in this case PR2(2‐biaryl)) induces (ArF)2 coupling. This fluorinated byproduct is inert in the reaction conditions, and no other byproduct is expected because the Ar and X groups are the same in the catalyst, the intermediates and the products. The application of A or B in catalysis (e. g. with 1% catalyst) consists of a first step (formation of 1% tailor‐made catalyst) where 100 ArX+1 A (or B)+1 L in THF gives a solution with 99 ArX+1 [Pd(Ar)(X)(L)]+(ArF)2. The only other byproduct is THF or NCMe. In the second step, addition of the nucleophile, 100 Q(Nu), triggers and completes the catalytic cycle yielding 100 Ar‐Nu+100 Q(X)+1 [Pd0(L)]. The 100% yield is theoretical, but the tested catalysis (Ar‐Me Negishi coupling, C6F5‐alkynyl Stille coupling and Ar‐naphthyl Suzuki coupling) using A as precursor, SPhos as ligand, and 1000:1 reagents:catalyst ratio, afford 95–99% yield. In contrast, aryl‐amination requires 1000:5 ratio to give 96% yield (or 1000:50 for 99% yield) because PhNH2 eventually displaces the SPhos from Pd and blocks the catalyst. As a bonus, the presence of F in the precursors facilitates stepwise 19F NMR monitoring of the formation of [Pd(Ar)(X)(L)] with different phosphines, facilitating analysis of weaknesses or strengths of each of them to produce the catalyst, and helps in the choice of the most convenient one for the case. The in situ catalyst formation is ideal for serial two‐step catalysis with different phosphines or different nucleophiles.
A Web‐Based Architecture to Operationalize Geospatial Simulation Environments
Authors: Wainer Gabriel , St‐Aubin Bruno 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLarge scale geospatial simulation projects require multidisciplinary efforts by actors with highly variable skills and domains of expertise. Subject matter experts, modelers, developers, analysts, and decision makers must collaborate closely to model a real‐world system, simulate it, analyze its results and disseminate them. Simulation environments, tailored to business scenarios, can provide the necessary support to facilitate their collaboration throughout the simulation lifecycle. Commercial modeling and simulation software can provide an environment to facilitate simulation studies for users but, they tend to be narrowly scoped. This research focuses on the different categories of users and introduces four business processes that carry those users across the simulation lifecycle. These concepts are translated into an architecture that facilitates the operationalization of geospatial simulation environments using modeling and simulation as a service and Discrete Event Systems Specification.
A Flexible Hybrid Generator for Efficient Dual Energy Conversion from Raindrops to Electricity
Authors: Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Jiahao , Zheng Huanxi , Zhao Yue , Chen Yang , Zhou Yuyang , Liu Xiu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectromagnetic generators are conventionally used to harvest energy from large water bodies, but they are ineffective for harvesting low hydro‐energy, such as raindrops or fogs, due to their bulky, heavy and immovable. Unfortunately, developing new strategies that are lightweight, small, and have high conversion efficiency to convert such low hydro‐energy into electricity remains a challenge. Herein, a flexible droplet‐based hybrid electricity generator (DHEG) consisting of a droplet‐based electricity generator (DEG) and an electromagnetic generator (EMG) is proposed to convert the dual energy of water droplets into electricity simultaneously. The DHEG is assembled by facilely merging DEG and EMG using conductive elastic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane (MWCNTs/PDMS) film. The MWCNTs/PDMS film can not only serve as a bottom electrode for switching on the DEG, but also as an elastic component for the EMG to vibrate the coil when impacted by water droplets. Activated by a single 58.2 µL droplet falling from a height of 50 cm, the peak voltage, current and power generated by the DHEG are ≈84.6 V, ≈19.85 mA, and ≈595.8 µW, respectively. The energy conversion efficiency of the DHEG is up to ≈13.8%. This flexible hybrid generator may provide a promising strategy for effectively harvesting energy from raindrops.
Microcavity Complex Lasers: from Order to Disorder
Authors: Zhu Hongyang , He Zhen , Wang Jianlong , Zhang Weili , Pei Chuang , Ma Rui , Zhang Junfeng , Wei Junxin , Liu Weiren 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicrostructures, characterized by gain, nonlinearity, internal scattering, and boundary effects, offer an exceptional platform for exploring complex optical phenomena such as random lasing, chaos, and multidimensional speckles. Specifically, complex lasers generated within microcavities and optical fibers, where strong light confinement and scattering play diverse roles, have become a significant branch of laser research. Recently, the rapid advancement of materials, micro‐nano technologies, and artificial intelligence has introduced new opportunities and challenges for the generation, control, and application of complex lasers. This review systematically examines various types of microcavity complex lasers from the perspective of microcavity structures with different degrees of disorder. It primarily focuses on the historical development, characteristics, regulation, and applications of disordered microcavity lasers and concludes with a discussion on the future trends in the development of microcavity complex lasers.
Multiphoton‐Driven Photocatalytic Defluorination of Persistent Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Polymers by Visible Light
Authors: Arima Yuzo , Okayasu Yoshinori , Yoshioka Daisuke , Nagai Yuki , Kobayashi Yoichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and fluorinated polymers (FPs) have been extensively utilized in various industries, whereas their extremely high stability poses environmental persistence and difficulty in waste treatment. Current decomposition approaches of PFASs and FPs typically require harsh conditions such as heating over 400 °C. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop a new technique capable of decomposing them under mild conditions. Here, we demonstrated that perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), known as a “persistent chemical,” and Nafion, a widely utilized sulfonated FP for ion‐exchange membranes, can be efficiently decomposed into fluorine ions under ambient conditions via the irradiation of visible LED light onto semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). PFOS was completely defluorinated within 8‐h irradiation of 405‐nm LED light, and the turnover number of the C−F bond dissociation per NC was 17200. Furthermore, 81 % defluorination of Nafion was achieved for 24‐h light irradiation, demonstrating the efficient photocatalytic properties under visible light. We revealed that this decomposition is driven by cooperative mechanisms involving light‐induced ligand displacements and Auger‐induced electron injections via hydrated electrons and higher excited states. This study not only demonstrates the feasibility of efficiently breaking down various PFASs and FPs under mild conditions but also paves the way for advancing toward a sustainable fluorine‐recycling society.
Teaching water flossing to children with and without autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Somers Kandace P. , Sidener Tina M. , Callahan Ashley , Reeve Sharon A. , Pane Heather 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOral hygiene is an important self‐care skill that some children may lack, especially children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although some studies have evaluated procedures for teaching toothbrushing, no previous studies have demonstrated procedures for teaching flossing, which is essential for oral hygiene. This study evaluated an intervention for teaching water flossing to two children with ASD and two children without an ASD diagnosis. The intervention package included backward chaining, video modeling, and reinforcement, with some components implemented by a caregiver and some components implemented by an experimenter via telehealth. Behavioral skills training was used to train caregivers prior to implementation of the study. Results indicated that the intervention package was effective in teaching all participants to independently floss their teeth with a water flosser. Effects maintained for all participants 1‐week after completion of teaching. Questionnaires given to caregivers, participants, and dental professionals indicated high social validity.
Continuous thermodilution and microvascular resistance reserve during the index procedure in acute coronary syndrome without obstructive coronary artery disease: A pilot study
Authors: Demandt Jesse P. A. , El Farissi Mohamed , de Vos Annemiek , Eerdekens Rob , Teeuwen Koen , Brueren Guus , Zimmermann Frederik M. , Tonino Pim A. L. , Pijls Nico H. J. , Vlaar Pieter J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn 5%−25% of non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE‐ACS) patients, coronary angiography reveals no obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA). Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) is a potential causal pathophysiological mechanism in these patients and can be diagnosed by continuous thermodilution assessment. Recently, the microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) has been introduced as a novel index to assess the vasodilatory capacity of the microcirculation. However, continuous thermodilution and MRR have never been investigated in the acute setting in MINOCA patients and invasive assessment of the microcirculation in these patients are currently lacking.AimsThe objectives of the study were to investigate the incidence of CMD (MRR ≤ 2.7) in patients with MINOCA and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of continuous thermodilution‐based assessment during index coronary angiography in the acute setting.MethodsThis study was a prospective, observational, pilot study investigating coronary physiology in the acute setting in MINOCA patients. Patients admitted with a diagnosis of NSTE‐ACS were eligible for inclusion.ResultsIn total, 19 MINOCA patients were included in this analysis; the mean age was 70 ± 9 years, and 79% were females. CMD was present in 6 patients (32%). Qrest was significantly higher in the MRR ≤ 2.7 group compared to the MRR > 2.7 group (0.076 [0.057−0.100] vs. 0.049 [0.044−0.071] L/min, p = 0.03). Rµ,rest was significantly lower in the MRR ≤ 2.7 group compared to the MRR > 2.7 group (1083 [710−1510] vs. 1563 [1298−1970] WU, p = 0.04). No periprocedural complications or hemodynamic instability have occurred during continuous thermodilution assessment during the index coronary angiography.ConclusionIn patients admitted for MINOCA undergoing immediate coronary angiography, continuous thermodilution assessment and MRR are feasible and safe in the acute setting, and evidence of functional CMD could be observed in one‐third of the MINOCA patients.