bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of cardiorespiratory aerobic exercise in rheumatoid arthritis: Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Baillet Athan , Zeboulon Nadine , Gossec Laure , Combescure Christophe , Bodin Louis‐Antoine , Juvin Robert , Dougados Maxime , Gaudin Philippe 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveSeveral lines of evidence have emphasized an improvement in aerobic capacity and muscle strength after physical exercise programs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of aerobic exercises in RA on quality of life, function, and clinical and radiologic outcomes by a systematic literature review and a meta‐analysis.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in the Medline, EMBase, and Cochrane databases up to July 2009 and in the abstracts presented at rheumatology scientific meetings during the last 5 years. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing aerobic exercises with non‐aerobic interventions in RA patients were included. Outcomes studied were postintervention quality of life, function assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), a pain visual analog scale (VAS), joint count, the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), and radiologic damage. Efficacy was assessed by standardized mean differences (SMDs; difference between groups of mean outcome variation from baseline/SD at baseline) of aerobic exercises versus non‐aerobic rehabilitation. Heterogeneity was tested. SMDs were pooled by a meta‐analysis using the inverse of variance model.ResultsFourteen RCTs, including 1,040 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Exercise improved the postintervention quality of life (SMD 0.39, P < 0.0001), HAQ score (SMD 0.24, P = 0.0009), and pain VAS (SMD 0.31, P = 0.02). Exercise in this RA population appeared safe, since global compliance, DAS28, and joint count were similar in both groups.ConclusionCardiorespiratory aerobic conditioning in stable RA appears to be safe and improves some of the most important outcome measures. However, the degree of the effect of aerobic exercise on the abovementioned parameters is small.
Patient perspective of measuring treatment efficacy: The rheumatoid arthritis patient priorities for pharmacologic interventions outcomes
Authors: Sanderson T. , Morris M. , Calnan M. , Richards P. , Hewlett S. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractObjectiveCollaboration with patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) highlights that outcomes important to them include fatigue, coping, and life enjoyment. However, these are not commonly measured in clinical trials. There is little evidence about which outcomes patients would prioritize, or what factors influence patients' prioritization. Our objective was to develop a complementary core set with patients to promote inclusion of their priority outcomes in pharmacologic interventions.MethodsNominal groups were conducted with RA patients to rank 63 outcomes generated from previous in‐depth interviews. A multicenter postal survey provided the final selection of core outcomes for the Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient Priorities for Pharmacologic Interventions (RAPP‐PI), in which RA patients rated the importance of the priority outcomes from the nominal groups and ranked the top 6.ResultsTwenty‐six patients participated in 5 nominal group discussions and reduced the 63 initial outcomes to the 32 most important. A total of 254 participants in the survey ranked priority treatment outcomes to form the RAPP‐PI: pain, activities of daily living, joint damage, mobility, life enjoyment, independence, fatigue, and valued activities. The 8 priorities represent 3 domains of treatment outcomes: direct impact of RA, psychosocial well‐being, and function/participation. Chi‐square tests showed that disease severity, disease duration, sex, and patients' perceptions of managing, self‐efficacy, and normality influenced the selection of priority treatment outcomes.ConclusionCollaboration with patients has captured their perspectives of priority outcomes from pharmacologic interventions. Although there is some overlap with professional core outcomes, the additional use of this complementary set will give a broader evaluation of effectiveness of interventions from the key stakeholders: patients.
Molecular Morphology of the Chick Heart Visualized by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Grey Angus C. , Gelasco Andrew K. , Section Jarren , Moreno‐Rodriguez Ricardo A. , Krug Edward L. , Schey Kevin L. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractUtilization of MALDI‐MS (matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry) for tissue imaging is a relatively new proteomic technique that simultaneously maps the spatial distribution of multiple proteins directly within a single frozen tissue section. Here, we report the development of a methodology to apply MALDI tissue imaging to chick heart tissue sections acquired from fixed and paraffin‐embedded samples. This protocol produces molecular images that can be related to the high‐quality histological tissue sections. Perfused term chick hearts were fixed in acidic ethanol and embedded in paraffin wax. Tissue sections (15 μm) were collected onto conductive slides, deparaffinized with xylene, and transitioned into water with graded ethanol washes and allowed to air dry. In separate experiments, three different MALDI matrices were applied to chick heart tissue sections through repeated cycles from a glass nebulizer. Tissue sections were then analyzed by MALDI mass spectrometry using a raster step‐size of 75–100 μm, and molecular images for specific m/z ratios reconstituted. MALDI tissue imaging revealed spatially resolved protein signals within single heart sections that are specific to structures or regions of the heart, for example, vessels, valves, endocardium, myocardium, or septa. Moreover, no prior knowledge of protein expression is required as is the case for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization methodologies. The ability to simultaneously localize a large number of unique protein signals within a single tissue section, with good preservation of histological features, provides cardiovascular researchers a new tool to give insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying normal and pathological conditions. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical Localization of SNARE Proteins in Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament of the Rat Incisor
Authors: Honma Shiho , Taki Kunitaka , Lei Shi , Niwa Hitoshi , Wakisaka Satoshi 
Published: February 2010

AbstractDistribution of three soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, syntaxin‐1, synaptosomal‐associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP‐25), and vesicle‐associated membrane protein‐2 (VAMP‐2), was examined in dental pulp and periodontal ligament of the rat incisor. In the trigeminal ganglion, syntaxin‐1 and SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity was predominately detected in medium‐ to large‐sized neurons. Most syntaxin‐1 immunoreactive neurons expressed SNAP‐25. In contrast, VAMP‐2 was localized in small‐ to medium‐sized neurons and in slender‐shaped cells surrounding SNAP‐25‐immunopositive neurons. When the inferior alveolar nerve, one of the mandibular nerve branches innervating the dental pulp and periodontal ligament, was ligated, SNARE proteins accumulated at the site proximal to the ligation. In the incisor dental pulp, all nerve fibers displayed immunoreactivity for syntaxin‐1, SNAP‐25, and VAMP‐2. In the periodontal ligament of the incisor, almost all nerve fibers displayed both syntaxin‐1 and SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity, but lacked VAMP‐2 immunoreactivity. SNAP‐25 protein expression was localized around the vesicle membranes at the axon terminal of the periodontal mechanoreceptors. These present data suggest that these three SNARE proteins are synthesized at the trigeminal ganglion, transported centrally and peripherally, and expressed in sensory endings where apparent synapses are not present. Because those proteins participate in docking and exocytosis of synapse vesicles in the central nervous system, they might also contribute to vesicle exocytosis at receptive fields where apparent synapses are not present. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ibuprofen and Lipoic Acid Diamides as Potential Codrugs with Neuroprotective Activity
Authors: Sozio Piera , D'Aurizio Eleonora , Iannitelli Antonio , Cataldi Amelia , Zara Susi , Cantalamessa Franco , Nasuti Cinzia , Di Stefano Antonio 
Published: February 2010

AbstractCurrent evidences support the hypothesis that non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antioxidant therapy might protect against the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present work, our attention was focused on ibuprofen (IBU) used in clinical trails to prevent Alzheimer's disease, and (R)‐α‐lipoic acid (LA) considered as a potential neuroprotective agent in AD therapy. In particular, we investigated a series of lipophilic molecular combinations obtained by joining (R)‐α‐lipoic acid and ibuprofen via an amide bond. These new entities might allow targeted delivery of the parent drugs to neurons, where cellular oxidative stress and inflammation seem related to Alzheimer's disease. Our study included the synthesis of conjugates 1–3 and the evaluation of their physicochemical and in‐vitro antioxidant properties. The new compounds are extremely stable in aqueous buffer solutions (pH = 1.3 and 7.4), and in rat and human plasma they showed a slow bioconversion to ibuprofen and (R)‐α‐lipoic acid. Codrugs 1–3 displayed in vitro free radical scavenging activity and were hydrolyzed more rapidly in brain tissue than in rat serum indicating that these new entities might allow targeted delivery of the parent drugs to neurons. The immunohistochemical analysis of Aβ (1‐40) protein showed that Aβ‐injected cerebral cortices treated with ibuprofen or compound 1 showed few plaques within capillary vessels and, in particular, Aβ (1‐40) protein was less expressed in codrug‐1‐treated than in ibuprofen‐treated cerebral cortex.
Assessment of surgical competence at carotid endarterectomy under local anaesthesia in a simulated operating theatre
Authors: Black S A , Nestel D F , Kneebone R L , Wolfe J H N 
Published: February 2010

Abstract

Background
Methods of surgical training that do not put patients at risk are desirable. A high-fidelity simulation of carotid endarterectomy under local anaesthesia was tested as a tool for assessment of vascular surgical competence, as an adjunct to training.

Methods
Sixty procedures were performed by 30 vascular surgeons (ten junior trainees, ten senior trainees and ten consultants) in a simulated operating theatre. Each performed in a non-crisis scenario followed by a crisis scenario. Performance was assessed live by means of rating scales for technical and non-technical skills.

Results
There was a significant difference in technical skills with ascending grade for both generic and procedure-specific technical skill scores in both scenarios (P &lt; 0·001 for all comparisons). Similarly, there was also a significant difference in non-technical skill with ascending grade for both scenarios (P &lt; 0·001). There was a highly significant correlation between technical and non-technical performance in both scenarios (non-crisis: rs = 0·80, P &lt; 0·001; crisis: rs = 0·85, P &lt; 0·001). Inter-rater reliability was high (α≥ 0·80 for all scales).

Conclusion
High-fidelity simulation offers competency-based assessment for all grades and may provide a useful training environment for junior trainees and more experienced surgeons.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Pilot Study Examining Cognitive Change in Patients Before and After Treatment
Authors: Dixit Neha K. , Vazquez Lauren D. , Cross Natalie J. , Kuhl Emily A. , Serber Eva R. , Kovacs Adrienne , Dede Duane E. , Conti Jamie B. , Sears Samuel F. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular patients with reduced cardiovascular output and capacity such as those with congestive heart failure (CHF) have demonstrated cognitive‐related dysfunction. The use of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is considered standard care for CHF patients who do not improve despite optimal medical therapy. Cardiac resynchronization therapy may improve neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning in patients by increasing cardiac output and cerebral perfusion.MethodsA total of 20 patients were examined before and 3 months after CRT device implantation, via administration of standard neurocognitive and psychosocial testing measures.ResultsSignificant improvements in neurocognitive measures of attention (Digit Span: t[20] = − 2.695 [55.94±9.27–62.31±10.05], P = 0.015) and information processing (Digit Symbol: t[20] = − 4.577, P < 0.001; Controlled Oral Word Association Test: t[20] = − 3.338, P = 0.004) were demonstrated. Improvements in cardiac‐specific quality of life were also significant (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire: t[16] = 3.544, P = 0.005 [55.17±18.23–36.75±18.00]; The Left Ventricular Dysfunction Questionnaire: t[16] = 3.544, P = 0.003 [63.43±23.35–43.29±21.62]).ConclusionThese results represent clinically significant, qualitative, and quantitative cognitive functional benefits for patients from a neurocognitive and psychosocial perspective. Results suggest that biventricular pacing improves cardiovascular outcome and psychosocial functioning in patients with CHF. The future investigation of a larger sample would be beneficial in establishing the depth and breadth of this improvement. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Control of spectral emittance using a rare‐earth oxide film coated on a ceramic plate
Authors: Kumano Tomoyuki , Hanamura Katsunori 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe spectral emission of a ceramic plate coated with a rare‐earth oxide thin film was investigated for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications using a one‐dimensional radiative transfer analysis. The selective emitter has emission bands at wavelengths around 1 and 1.5 μm due to erbium. In the temperature range between 1400 and 1500 K, the radiant energy within these bands is remarkably large, because the Planck distribution has a peak at a wavelength of approximately 2 μm. In addition, the spectral response of a GaSb TPV cell has a peak at around 1.5 μm; therefore, the radiant energy of the emission bands is quite useful for the TPV generation of electricity. The total spectral efficiency for both the 1 μm and 1.5 μm bands reaches a maximum value of 0.295 for a film thickness between 0.2 and 0.3 mm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20286
Heat transfer and flow characteristics of flow boiling of CO2‐oil mixtures in horizontal smooth and micro‐fin tubes
Authors: Ono Takashi , Gao Lei , Honda Tomohiro 
Published: February 2010

AbstractExperiments were carried out on the flow pattern, heat transfer, and pressure drop of flow boiling of pure CO2 and CO2‐oil mixtures in horizontal smooth and micro‐fin tubes. The smooth tube is a stainless steel tube with an inner diameter of 3.76 mm. The micro‐fin tube is a copper tube with a mean inner diameter of 3.75 mm. The experiments were carried out at mass velocities from 100 to 500 kg/(m2·s), saturation temperature of 10 °C, and the circulation ratio of lubricating oil (PAG) was from 0 to 1.0 mass%. Flow pattern observations mainly showed slug and wavy flow for the smooth tube, but annular flow for the micro‐fin tube. Compared with the flow patterns in the case of pure CO2, an increase in frequency of slug occurrence in the slug flow region, and a decrease in the quantity of liquid at the top of the tube in the annular flow region were observed in the case of CO2‐oil mixtures. With pure CO2, the flow boiling heat transfer was dominated by nucleate boiling in the low vapor quality region, and the heat transfer coefficients for the micro‐fin tube were higher than those of the smooth tube. With CO2‐oil mixtures, the flow boiling heat transfer was dominated by convective evaporation, especially in the high vapor quality region. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient decreased significantly when the oil circulation ratio was larger than 0.1 mass%. For the pressure drop characteristics, in the case of pure CO2, the homogeneous flow model agreed with the experimental results within ±30% for the smooth tube. The pressure drops of the micro‐fin tube were 0–70% higher than those predicted with the homogeneous flow model, and the pressure drops increased for the high oil circulation ratio and high vapor quality conditions. The increases in the pressure drops were considered to be due to the increase in the thickness of the oil film and the decrease in the effective flow cross‐sectional area. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20287
Anodic oxidized nanotubular titanium implants enhance bone morphogenetic protein‐2 delivery
Authors: Bae In‐Ho , Yun Kwi‐Dug , Kim Hyun‐Seung , Jeong Byung‐Chul , Lim Hyun‐Pil , Park Sang‐Won , Lee Kwang‐Min , Lim Young‐Chai , Lee Kyung‐Ku , Yang Yunzhi , Koh Jeong‐Tae 
Published: February 2010

AbstractImplant failure has been attributed to loosening of an implant from the host bone possibly due to poor osseointegration. One promising strategy for improving osseointegration is to develop a functional implant surface that promotes osteoblast differentiation. In this study, a titanium (Ti) surface was functionalized by an anodic oxidation process and was loaded with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2). The following four groups of Ti surfaces were prepared: machined (M), anodized machined (MA), resorbable blast medium (RBM), and anodized RBM (RBMA). The surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements. The results showed that a Ti oxide layer (TiO2) was observed in the anodized surfaces in the form of nanotubes, ∼100 nm in diameter and 500 nm in length. The hydrophilic properties of the anodized surfaces were significantly improved. The adsorbed rhBMP‐2 loaded on the nonanodized surfaces and lyophilized showed spherical particle morphology. However, the adsorbed rhBMP‐2 showed a dispersed pattern over the anodized surfaces. The velocity of the rhBMP‐2 released from the surfaces was measured to determine if the anodized surface can improve in delivery efficiency. The results showed that the release velocity of the rhBMP‐2 from the anodized surfaces was sustained when compared with that of the nonanodized surfaces. In addition, the rhBMP‐2 released from the surface was found to be bioactive according to the alkaline phosphatase activity and the level of calcium mineral deposition. These results suggest that the TiO2 nanotubular structure formed by anodizing is a promising configuration for sustained rhBMP‐2 delivery. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Microfluidic enhancement of intramedullary pressure increases interstitial fluid flow and inhibits bone loss in hindlimb suspended mice
Authors: Kwon Ronald Y , Meays Diana R , Tang W Joyce , Frangos John A 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Interstitial fluid flow (IFF) has been widely hypothesized to mediate skeletal adaptation to mechanical loading. Although a large body of in vitro evidence has demonstrated that fluid flow stimulates osteogenic and antiresorptive responses in bone cells, there is much less in vivo evidence that IFF mediates loading-induced skeletal adaptation. This is due in large part to the challenges associated with decoupling IFF from matrix strain. In this study we describe a novel microfluidic system for generating dynamic intramedullary pressure (ImP) and IFF within the femurs of alert mice. By quantifying fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) within individual lacunae, we show that microfluidic generation of dynamic ImP significantly increases IFF within the lacunocanalicular system. In addition, we demonstrate that dynamic pressure loading of the intramedullary compartment for 3 minutes per day significantly eliminates losses in trabecular and cortical bone mineral density in hindlimb suspended mice, enhances trabecular and cortical structural integrity, and increases endosteal bone formation rate. Unlike previously developed modalities for enhancing IFF in vivo, this is the first model that allows direct and dynamic modulation of ImP and skeletal IFF within mice. Given the large number of genetic tools for manipulating the mouse genome, this model is expected to serve as a powerful investigative tool in elucidating the role of IFF in skeletal adaptation to mechanical loading and molecular mechanisms mediating this process. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
House dust mite extract activates apical Cl− channels through protease‐activated receptor 2 in human airway epithelia
Authors: Cho Hyung‐Ju , Choi Jae Young , Yang Yu‐Mi , Hong Jeong Hee , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Gee Heon Young , Lee Hyun Jae , Shin Dong Min , Yoon Joo‐Heon 
Published: February 2010

AbstractAdequate fluid secretion from airway mucosa is essential for maintaining mucociliary clearance, and fluid hypersecretion is a prominent feature of inflammatory airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis. House dust mite extract (HDM) has been reported to activate protease‐activated receptors (PARs), which play various roles in airway epithelia. However, the role of HDM in regulating ion transporters and fluid secretion has not been investigated. We examined the effect of HDM on ion transport in human primary nasal epithelial cells. The Ca2+‐sensitive dye Fura2‐AM was used to determine intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by means of spectrofluorometry in human normal nasal epithelial cells (NHNE). Short‐circuit current (Isc) was measured using Ussing chambers. Fluid secretion from porcine airway mucosa was observed by optical measurement. HDM extract (10 µg/Ml) effectively cleaved the PAR‐2 peptide and induced an increase of [Ca2+]i that was abolished by desensitization with trypsin, but not with thrombin. Apical application of HDM‐induced Isc sensitive to both a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor and a Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel (CaCC) inhibitor. HDM extract also stimulated fluid secretion from porcine airway mucosa. HDM extract activated PAR‐2 and apical Cl− secretion via CaCC and CFTR, and HDM‐induced fluid secretion in porcine airway mucosa. Our results suggest a role for PAR‐2 in mucociliary clearance and fluid hypersecretion of airway mucosa in response to air‐borne allergens such as HDM. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 1254–1263, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.