bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Simulations of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) in Light of Chain Length Dependent Termination
Authors: Johnston‐Hall Geoffrey , Monteiro Michael J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractKinetic simulations using the composite kt model allows a better understanding of the effects of the persistent radical affecting ATRP or for that matter any activation–deactivation system. It also provides a better fit to experimental data in either bulk or solution conditions for ATRP polymerizations carried out at 110 °C. The results suggest that the composite model has broad utility over a wide range of experimental conditions and temperatures. The advantage of incorporating an accurate kt model is that one can then use simulations as predictive tool to obtain polymers with higher chain‐end fidelity or polymers with low PDI values. This becomes important when attempting to use the chain‐ends for further functionalization to make complex polymer architectures. This model can also be used in simulations of miniemulsion or seeded emulsions to determine the effect of compartmentalization with particle size.magnified image
Activin IIB receptor blockade attenuates dystrophic pathology in a mouse model of duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Morine Kevin J. , Bish Lawrence T. , Selsby Joshua T. , Gazzara Jeffery A. , Pendrak Klara , Sleeper Meg M. , Barton Elisabeth R. , Lee Se‐Jin , Sweeney H. Lee 
Published: September 2010

AbstractModulation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling to promote muscle growth holds tremendous promise for the muscular dystrophies and other disorders involving the loss of functional muscle mass. Previous studies have focused on the TGF‐β family member myostatin and demonstrated that inhibition of myostatin leads to muscle growth in normal and dystrophic mice. We describe a unique method of systemic inhibition of activin IIB receptor signaling via adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated gene transfer of a soluble form of the extracellular domain of the activin IIB receptor to the liver. Treatment of mdx mice with activin IIB receptor blockade led to increased skeletal muscle mass, increased force production in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and reduced serum creatine kinase. No effect on heart mass or function was observed. Our results indicate that activin IIB receptor blockade represents a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for the muscular dystrophies. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Die Novelle Zweiter Teil: Das Altstoffproblem
Authors: Sailer Christian 
Published: September 2010

Abstract„Mitteilungspflichten bei alten Stoffen”︁ soll der neugefaßte § 16 d der Novelle zum Chemikaliengesetz regeln. Ziel: Weg von der Feuerwehrfunktion, hin zu langfristiger Gefahrenvorsorge.
Sustainable Development
Authors: Hauthal H.G. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie chemische Industrie bekennt sich als Ganzes zu einer nachhaltigen, zukunftsverträglichen Entwicklung. Mit dem Positionspapier des VCI geht es vor allem darum, ökonomische, ökologische und gesellschafliche Zielsetzungen gleichrangig anzustreben.
Spartan in neuer Umgebung
Authors: Brunberg Ingo , Fels Gregor 
Published: September 2010

AbstractMit PC Spartan Pro hat die Firma Wavefunction nun beinahe den gesamten Funktionalitätsumfang des Unix‐basierten Molecular‐Modeling‐Klassikers Spartan auf Windows/Intel‐Plattformen portiert. Nimmt man zusätzlich noch einen Rechner der neuen Silicon‐Graphics(SGI)‐Computergeneration, eine Visual Workstation, so kann auch die graphische Ausgabe der Moleküldarstellungen mit den Unixmaschinen gut mithalten. Aber lohnt sich für den Hobbymodellierer die Anschaffung der relativ teuren NT‐Workstation für das Arbeiten mit dem vergleichsweise preiswerten PC Spartan Pro?
Effects of S‐citalopram, citalopram, and R‐citalopram on the firing patterns of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area,N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor‐mediated transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex and cognitive function in the rat
Authors: Schilström Björn , Konradsson‐Geuken Åsa , Ivanov Vladimir , Gertow Jens , Feltmann Kristin , Marcus Monica M. , Jardemark Kent , Svensson Torgny H. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEscitalopram, the S‐enantiomer of citalopram, possesses superior efficacy compared to other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of major depression. Escitalopram binds to an allosteric site on the serotonin transporter, which further enhances the blockade of serotonin reuptake, whereas R‐citalopram antagonizes this positive allosteric modulation. Escitalopram's effects on neurotransmitters other than serotonin, for example, dopamine and glutamate, are not well studied. Therefore, we here studied the effects of escitalopram, citalopram, and R‐citalopram on dopamine cell firing in the ventral tegmental area, using single‐cell recordingin vivoand on NMDA receptor‐mediated currents in pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex usingin vitroelectrophysiology in rats. The cognitive effects of escitalopram and citalopram were also compared using the novel object recognition test. Escitalopram (40–640 μg/kg i.v.) increased both firing rate and burst firing of dopaminergic neurons, whereas citalopram (80–1280 μg/kg) had no effect on firing rate and only increased burst firing at high dosage. R‐citalopram (40–640 μg/kg) had no significant effects. R‐citalopram (320 μg/kg) antagonized the effects of escitalopram (320 μg/kg). A very low concentration of escitalopram (5 nM), but not citalopram (10 nM) or R‐citalopram (5 nM), potentiated NMDA‐induced currents in pyramidal neurons. Escitalopram's effect was antagonized by R‐citalopram and blocked by the dopamine D1receptor antagonist SCH23390. Escitalopram, but not citalopram, improved recognition memory. Our data suggest that the excitatory effect of escitalopram on dopaminergic and NMDA receptor‐mediated neurotransmission may have bearing on its cognitive‐enhancing effect and superior efficacy compared to other SSRIs in major depression. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Competitive dopamine receptor antagonists increase the equiactive cocaine concentration during self‐administration
Authors: Norman Andrew B. , Norman Mantana K. , Tabet Michael R. , Tsibulsky Vladimir L. , Pesce Amadeo J. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractCompetitive dopamine receptor antagonists increase the rate of cocaine self‐administration. As the rate of self‐administration at a particular unit dose is determined by the satiety threshold and the elimination half‐life (t1/2) of cocaine, we investigated whether dopamine receptor antagonists altered these parameters in rats. The plasma cocaine concentration at the time of each self‐administration was constant during a session demonstrating that this satiety threshold concentration represents an equiactive cocaine concentration. The plasma cocaine concentration at the time of self‐administration was increased by SCH23390, consistent with pharmacological theory. In rats trained to reliably self‐administer cocaine, SCH23390 had no effect on the plasma steady‐state cocaine concentration produced by constant infusions of cocaine. Therefore, this antagonist had no effect on cocainet1/2at a dose that accelerated cocaine self‐administration. A constant cocaine infusion at a rate that maintained steady state concentrations above the satiety threshold stopped self‐administration. SCH23390, or the D2dopamine receptor antagonist (−)eticlopride, reinstated self‐administration in the presence of the constant cocaine infusion. This is consistent with SCH23390 and eticlopride raising the satiety threshold above the steady state level produced by the constant cocaine infusion. It is concluded that the antagonist‐induced acceleration of cocaine self‐administration is the result of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction whereby the rate of cocaine elimination is faster at the higher concentrations, as dictated by first‐order kinetics, so that cocaine levels decline more rapidly to the elevated satiety threshold. This results in the decreased interinjection intervals. Synapse, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FSH isoform pattern in classic galactosemia
Authors: Gubbels Cynthia S. , Thomas Chris M. G. , Wodzig Will K. W. H. , Olthaar André J. , Jaeken Jaak , Sweep Fred C. G. J. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFemale classic galactosemia patients suffer from primary ovarian insufficiency (POI). The cause for this long‐term complication is not fully understood. One of the proposed mechanisms is that hypoglycosylation of complex molecules, a known secondary phenomenon of galactosemia, leads to FSH dysfunction. An earlier study showed less acidic isoforms of FSH in serum samples of two classic galactosemia patients compared to controls, indicating hypoglycosylation. In this study, FSH isoform patterns of five classic galactosemia patients with POI were compared to the pattern obtained in two patients with a primary glycosylation disorder (phosphomannomutase‐2‐deficient congenital disorders of glycosylation, PMM2‐CDG) and POI, and in five postmenopausal women as controls. We used FPLC chromatofocussing with measurement of FSH concentration per fraction, and discovered that there were no significant differences between galactosemia patients, PMM2‐CDG patients and postmenopausal controls. Our results do not support that FSH dysfunction due to a less acidic isoform pattern because of hypoglycosylation is a key mechanism of POI in this disease.
The role of religious involvement on depression, risky behavior, and academic performance among Korean American adolescents
Authors: Kang Piljoo P. , Romo Laura F. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTStructural equation modeling was used to test a theoretical path model of church engagement, personal spirituality, and mentoring relationships on depressive symptoms, involvement in risky behaviors, and self‐reported grades among Korean American adolescents. It was hypothesized that personal spirituality and mentoring relationship quality would mediate the relation between church engagement and adolescent outcomes. Data were obtained through a self‐report survey from 248 Korean American adolescents in grades 7 through 12. High levels of church engagement, as characterized by years of attendance, choice to attend, and participation in activities, predicted deeper personal spirituality and better mentoring relationships. Personal spirituality, as measured by one's daily religious experiences, beliefs, and private spiritual practices, was a mediator of the relationship between church engagement and adolescent outcomes. Specifically, higher levels of church engagement was linked to stronger personal spirituality, which in turn predicted less depressive symptoms for girls and higher grades for boys.
Reducing Surgical Site Infections by Bundling Multiple Risk Reduction Strategies and Active Surveillance
Authors: Lipke Virginia Leigh , Hyott Anthony S. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPostoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) are serious health care‐associated infections that contribute to higher rates of mortality. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasingly common cause of SSIs. A quality improvement intervention was developed to identify surgical patients with nasal colonization of MRSA, treat them with mupirocin, and introduce a new preoperative skin antisepsis protocol using 2% chlorhexidine gluconate cloths. The total number of SSIs was reduced by 63%, and MRSA SSIs decreased by 78%. Preoperative MRSA screening and treatment and the preoperative skin antisepsis protocol were smoothly integrated into the facility workflow and well accepted by patients. This intervention saved two community hospitals an estimated $240,000.
Clinical Issues—September 2010
Authors: Ogg Mary 
Published: September 2010

This MonthSafe perioperative use of glutaraldehydeKey words: high‐level disinfection, glutaraldehyde, disinfectant, glutaraldehyde‐based products, adverse effects, low‐level disinfection, chemical disinfection, liquid sterilant.Safe patient handling and movement in the perioperative settingKey words: ergonomics, prepping, patient handling.Thermal burns during phacoemulsificationKey words: corneal burns, thermal burns, phacoemulsification, cataract surgery.Wearing surgical masks while administering a spinal anestheticKey words: surgical mask, spinal anesthetic, anesthesia care provider, aseptic technique.
Planning Locally Relevant Internet Programs for Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Neubeck Lis , Ascanio Rhoda , Bauman Adrian , Briffa Tom , Clark Alexander M. , Freedman Ben , Redfern Julie 
Published: September 2010

Background: Although the Internet has been shown to be an effective tool for supporting behavioural change in other chronic diseases, less in known about the efficacy of, or need for, Internet-based interventions in the prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). Aims: We investigated computer literacy, consumer need and perceived usefulness of the Internet as a secondary prevention tool in people with CHD. Methods: A two-step mixed-method process was used that included a survey and two focus groups. The 12-item survey explored participants' access and confidence using the Internet. For the focus groups, we used standard methodology. Results: We recruited 66 (88% response rate) consecutive cardiac patients; age 36–73 years (mean 64±13), mostly male (85%), whose primary language was predominantly English (67%). Seventy percent had a home computer with Internet access but only 20% reported researching their heart-health online. There was polarity between those with and without Internet access. Further, we found less women than men could complete online forms (p=0.03) and that participants aged over 65 years were less likely to access the Internet (p<0.01) and had lower confidence (p<0.01) than younger counterparts. Focus groups revealed challenges of an online secondary prevention service, but participants valued relevant, practical advice and placed strong emphasis on simple web design. Conclusion: Using a mixed-methods process we collected locally sensitive information about Internet usage and recommendations for future online health-management strategies. Some patients have more confidence using the Internet, therefore a range of multi-technological secondary prevention interventions should be considered based on individual need.
Sequence of magmatic events in the Late Paleozoic of Transbaikalia, Russia (U-Pb isotope data)
Authors: Tsygankov A.A. , Litvinovsky B.A. , Jahn B.M. , Reichow M.K. , Liu D.Y. , Larionov A.N. , Presnyakov S.L. , Lepekhina Ye.N. , Sergeev S.A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Late Paleozoic intrusive rocks, mostly granitoids, totally occupy more than 200,000 km2 on the territory of Transbaikalia. Isotopic U-Pb zircon dating (about 30 samples from the most typical plutons) shows that the Late Paleozoic magmatic cycle lasted for 55–60 m.y., from ~330 Ma to ~275 Ma. During this time span, five intrusive suites were emplaced throughout the region. The earliest are high-K calc-alkaline granites (330–310 Ma) making up the Angara–Vitim batholith of 150,000 km2 in area. At later stages, formation of geochemically distinct intrusive suites occurred with total or partial overlap in time. In the interval of 305–285 Ma two suites were emplaced: calc-alkaline granitoids with decreased SiO2 content (the Chivyrkui suite of quartz monzonite and granodiorite) and the Zaza suite comprising transitional from calc-alkaline to alkaline granite and quartz syenite. At the next stage, in the interval of 285–278 Ma the shoshonitic Low Selenga suite made up of monzonite, syenite and alkali rich microgabbro was formed; this suite was followed, with significant overlap in time (281–276 Ma), by emplacement of Early Kunalei suite of alkaline (alkali feldspar) and peralkaline syenite and granite. Concurrent emplacement of distinct plutonic suites suggests simultaneous magma generation at different depth and, possibly, from different sources. Despite complex sequence of formation of Late Paleozoic intrusive suites, a general trend from high-K calc-alkaline to alkaline and peralkaline granitoids, is clearly recognized. New data on the isotopic U-Pb zircon age support the Rb-Sr isotope data suggesting that emplacement of large volumes of peralkaline and alkaline (alkali feldspar) syenites and granites occurred in two separate stages: Early Permian (281–278 Ma) and Late Triassic (230–210 Ma). Large volumes and specific compositions of granitoids suggest that the Late Paleozoic magmatism in Transbaikalia occurred successively in the post-collisional (330–310 Ma), transitional (305–285 Ma) and intraplate (285–275 Ma) setting.
Permo-Triassic plume magmatism of the Kuznetsk Basin, Central Asia: geology, geochronology, and geochemistry
Authors: Buslov M.M. , Safonova I.Yu. , Fedoseev G.S. , Reichow M.K. , Davies K. , Babin G.A. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
The Kuznetsk Basin is located in the northern part of the Altai–Sayan Folded Area (ASFA), southwestern Siberia. Its Late Permian–Middle Triassic section includes basaltic stratum-like bodies, sills, formed at 250–248 Ma. The basalts are medium-high-Ti tholeiites enriched in La. Compositionally they are close to the Early Triassic basalts of the Syverma Formation in the Siberian Flood basalt large igneous province, basalts of the Urengoi Rift in the West Siberian Basin and to the Triassic basalts of the North-Mongolian rift system. The basalts probably formed in relation to mantle plume activity: they are enriched in light rare-earth elements (LREE; Lan = 90–115, La/Smn = 2.4–2.6) but relatively depleted in Nb (Nb/LaPM = 0.34–0.48). Low to medium differentiation of heavy rare-earth elements (HREE; Gd/Ybn = 1.4–1.7) suggests a spinel facies mantle source for basaltic melts. Our obtained data on the composition and age of the Kuznetsk basalts support the previous idea about their genetic and structural links with the Permian–Triassic continental flood basalts of the Siberian Platform (Siberian Traps) possibly related to the activity of the Siberian superplume which peaked at 252–248 Ma. The abruptly changing thickness of the Kuznetsk Late Permian–Middle Triassic units suggests their formation within an extensional regime similar to the exposed rifts of Southern Urals and northern Mongolia and buried rifts of the West Siberian Basin.
The effect of giving 11 or 14 feeds of milk substitute per week to early-weaned calves
Authors: Boucque Ch. V. , Buysse F. X. , Cottyn B. G. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYTwo rearing experiments were carried out to study the effect of omitting three feeds per week from an early-weaning system on the performance of 110 male calves. From the third week the calves in the experimental groups received only one feed of milk substitute on Saturdays, at 11.00 hr; on Sundays they received no milk substitute at all; from Monday to Friday they were fed twice daily. The animals in the control groups received milk substitute twice daily during the 7 days of the week, quantity per feed being the same as for the experimental groups.The calves were weaned at 8 weeks in experiment 1 and at 5 weeks in experiment 2.In both experiments the calves in the control group had a significantly higher daily gain than the experimental calves during the third to the fifth weeks. From 6 to 16 weeks arid for the experiment as a whole no significant difference in weight gain or feed intake were observed. The omission of three feeds per week offered considerable advantages in the saving of labour and convenience of management.
Natural and induced ovulation rate of Finnish Landrace and other breeds of sheep
Authors: Bradford G. E. , Quirke J. F. , Hart R. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYEwes of seven breeds (Oxford Down, Border Leicester, Finnish Landrace, Southdown, Welsh Mountain, Tasmanian Merino and Soay) were treated with progestagen-treated sponges to synchronize oestrus for an egg-transfer experiment. Ewes of five of the breeds were treated with superovulating doses of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG). Mean body weight ranged from 89 kg for Oxford Downs to 20 kg for Soays. Interval from sponge withdrawal to oestrus differed significantly between breeds, ranging from 1·83 days in Finnish Landrace to 3·00 days for Soays, but was not consistently related to ewe weight. Treatment with PMSG prior to sponge removal reduced the interval to oestrus; fertilization rate at the first synchronized oestrus was low. There were marked differences among breeds in proportion of ewes showing oestrus following PMSG treatment, total follicular response, and proportion of follicles ovulated. Ewes of the Finnish Landrace breed, with the highest natural fertility, were equal or superior to the other breeds in every component of response, and yielded more than double the number of fertilized eggs per ewe of the next best breed. Finnish Landrace females 6 to 9 months old made very satisfactory donors. Natural ovulation rates of adult recipient ewes were as follows: Welsh Mountain (23 ewes)—1·43; Border Leicester (15 ewes)—2·00; Finnish Landrace (26 ewes)—3·31.
Effect of environmental temperature on ruminal activity and blood urea of Merino sheep
Authors: Abou Akkada A. R. , El Ashray M. A. , Shethata O. , Yousri R. M. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYEight Merino wethers were used in an experiment designed to study the effect of heat stress on ruminal activity and blood urea of sheep newly introduced to Egypt. The sheep were exposed to 15° and 35°Cin aclimatic chamberwith controlled temperature and humidity. The animals were divided into two groups; the first received 100% of the TDN daily requirement and the second was given 125% of the recommended TDN. Rumen and blood samples were obtained from the animals before and at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hr after feeding.VFA concentrations in the rumen were higher in sheep fed on rations of high energy content. The levels of VFA at the low temperature were greater than at the high temperature. Ruminal ammonia and blood urea N concentrations in sheep maintained at the low temperature (15°C) were higher than those of the same animals when kept at the high temperature (35°C). This trend was more obvious at high levels of energy intake. It is suggested that the significant changes in rumen VFA, ammonia N and blood urea N in Merino sheep maintained under hot conditions can be considered as adjustments to changes in nutritional requirements in response to high environmental temperature.
The effects of varying the dietary calorie: protein ratios on the performance characteristics and carcass quality of growing pigs in the tropics
Authors: Babatunde G. M. , Fetuga B. L. , Oyenuga V. A. 
Published: September 2010

SUMMARYTwo trials were carried out to investigate the effects of increasing calorie: protein (C:P) ratios of high iso-nitrogenous diets on the performance characteristics, nutrient digestibility, carcass quality and organ weights of 67 growing pigs of the Yorkshire and Landrace breeds, reared in a tropical environment on concrete-floored pens from 9 to 56-8 kg live weight before slaughtering and grading. The dietary protein content was approximately 24 % of dry matter in all cases, and the C:P ratios ranged from 153 to 184 kcal digestible energy/g in both trials. Results showed no consistently significant differences in gain and feed intake due to increasing C:P ratio, but feed conversion ratios consistently improved with increasing C:P ratio. Digestible energy consumed per kg of body weight gained also increased with increasing C:P ratio. The nutrient digestion coefficients did not appear to be significantly affected by the C:P ratio. With respect to carcass quality measurements, there were nonsignificant differences in dressing percentage and average backfat measurements, but significant differences in percentage trimmed fat with increase in C:P ratio. The carcass length, loin eye area, and percentage lean cuts decreased as the C:P ratios increased, the last two showing significant differences only in the second trial. The organ weights showed no significant differences due to increases in C:P ratio.