bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of prohydrojasmon‐treated corn plants on attractiveness to parasitoids and the performance of their hosts
Authors: Mandour N. S. , Kainoh Y. , Ozawa R. , Uefune M. , Takabayashi J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe investigated the effect of prohydrojasmon [propyl (1RS,2RS)‐(3‐oxo‐ 2‐pentylcyclopentyl) acetate] (PDJ) treatment of intact corn plants, on their attractiveness to the specialist endoparasitoid, Cotesia kariyai Watanabe (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and on the performance of the common armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Attractiveness of C. kariyai to PDJ‐treated plants was studied in a wind tunnel, whereas performance of M. separata larvae was tested in plastic cages. The attractiveness of the treated plants increased with concentrations of PDJ increasing to 2 mm, which was equivalent to the attractiveness of host‐infested plants. PDJ‐treated corn plants emitted 16 volatile compounds (α‐pinene, β‐myrcene, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, limonene, (E)‐β‐ocimene, linalool, (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene, (+)‐cyclosativene, ylangene, (E)‐β‐farnesene, (E, E)‐4,8,12‐trimethyl‐1,3,7,11‐tridecatetraene, α‐bergamotene, γ‐cadinene, δ‐cadinene, α‐muulolene and nerolidol), most of which were observed in the headspace of host‐infested corn plants with some quantitative and qualitative differences. We also tested the effects of PDJ treatment on the performance of M. separata larvae. The survival rates of the larval and pupal stages were significantly lower at 2 mm level of PDJ. A significant decrease in weight at 6th stadium larvae was observed only at 2 mm level of PDJ. In contrast, PDJ treatment at all PDJ concentration levels caused significant reduction in weight of pupal stage as compared to control. These data suggested that PDJ, originally developed as a plant growth regulator, especially to induce coloring of fruits, has the potential to induce direct and indirect defenses in corn plants against common armyworm, M. separata.
Site occupancy and detection probability of Argentine ant populations
Authors: Ward D. F. , Stanley M. C. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEffective sampling and detection plays an important role in the surveillance and management of invasive species. Invasive ants are prime candidates for imperfect detection because of their small size, cryptic nature and also because of their strong association with human transportation around the globe. We examined site occupancy, colonization‐extirpation dynamics and detection probability of Argentine ant populations in the Auckland region of New Zealand. Comparison of 175 sites from 2002 to 2007 shows the dynamic nature of Argentine ants, with an extirpation rate of 33% and a colonization rate of 8%. Baited vials gave relatively poor detection for Argentine ants, despite repeated sampling. If Argentine ants were present at a location, their probability of detection using baited vials was, on average, only P = 0.55 (±SE = 0.04). However, this probability depended on the duration that baited vials were left out. Detectability was highest for vials set out for three (P = 0.52–0.75) or 6 h (P = 0.53–0.82). Detection probability for visual searching was 0.895. We use these data to suggest improvements in the design of surveys for Argentine ants. Research on detection theory and its applications for surveillance and eradication is a major gap for invasive ants.
Fire‐related cues and germination from the soil seed bank of senescent remnants of mallee vegetation on Eastern Kangaroo Island
Authors: RAWSON TESSA , DAVIES RICHARD , WHALEN MOLLY , MACKAY DUNCAN 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPlant communities dominated by narrow‐leaved mallee (Eucalyptus cneorifolia) are almost entirely confined to north‐eastern Kangaroo Island, South Australia, an area which has been extensively cleared for agriculture. Consequently, surviving examples consist mostly of small remnants which are thought to be senescent due to the exclusion of fire. This senescence is associated with the loss of many native understory species. Prescribed burns have been suggested as a management tool to stimulate the restoration of native plants from the soil seed bank; however, no seed bank studies have previously been conducted on Kangaroo Island and the seed bank literature usually focuses on particular species rather than on plant communities. We conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of the fire‐related cues heat and smoke on the germination of plants from the seed bank in soil sampled from 10 long‐ungrazed narrow‐leaved mallee sites on Kangaroo Island. Eighty trays of soil were monitored in a controlled glasshouse for five months after being subjected to heat and/or smoke treatments. The overall number of native, but not exotic, plant species germinating from the soil seed bank was significantly increased by all three fire‐related treatments (heat, smoke and heat plus smoke) compared with the control (no fire‐related treatment). Different plant life forms exhibited varying responses to heat and smoke treatments. The results of this study illustrate that the application of fire‐related treatments to soil seed banks in controlled glasshouse conditions can stimulate the recruitment of native species, including several species of conservation concern. These findings also indicate the potential of using these treatments for the ex situ germination of fire dependent species for revegetation purposes and indicate aspects of prescribed burns that may be important for restoring different components of native vegetation.
Neuroblast survival depends on mature vascular network formation after mouse stroke: role of endothelial and smooth muscle progenitor cell co‐administration
Authors: Nih Lina R. , Deroide Nicolas , Leré‐Déan Carole , Lerouet Dominique , Soustrat Mathieu , Levy Bernard I. , Silvestre Jean‐Sébastien , Merkulova‐Rainon Tatiana , Pocard Marc , Margaill Isabelle , Kubis Nathalie 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPro‐angiogenic cell‐based therapies constitute an interesting and attractive approach to enhancing post‐stroke neurogenesis and decreasing neurological deficit. However, most new stroke‐induced neurons die during the first few weeks after ischemia, thus impairing total recovery. Although the neovascularization process involves different cell types and various growth factors, most cell therapy protocols are based on the biological effects of single‐cell‐type populations or on the administration of heterogeneous populations of progenitors, namely human cord blood‐derived CD34+ cells, with scarce vascular progenitor cells. Tight cooperation between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells/pericytes is critical for the development of functional neovessels. We hypothesized that neuroblast survival in stroke brain depends on mature vascular network formation. In this study, we injected a combination of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and smooth muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs), isolated from human umbilical cord blood, into a murine model of permanent focal ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The co‐administration of SMPCs and EPCs induced enhanced angiogenesis and vascular remodeling in the peri‐infarct and infarct areas, where vessels exhibited a more mature phenotype. This activation of vessel growth resulted in the maintenance of neurogenesis and neuroblast migration to the peri‐ischemic cortex. Our data suggest that a mature vascular network is essential for neuroblast survival after cerebral ischemia, and that co‐administration of EPCs and SMPCs may constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for improving the treatment of stroke.
Enhancement of motor imagery‐related cortical activation during first‐person observation measured by functional near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kobashi Nagisa , Holper Lisa , Scholkmann Felix , Kiper Daniel , Eng Kynan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIt is known that activity in secondary motor areas during observation of human limbs performing actions is affected by the observer’s viewpoint, with first‐person views generally leading to stronger activation. However, previous neuroimaging studies have displayed limbs in front of the observer, providing an offset view of the limbs without a truly first‐person viewpoint. It is unknown to what extent these pseudo‐first‐person viewpoints have affected the results published to date. In this experiment, we used a horizontal two‐dimensional mirrored display that places virtual limbs at the correct egocentric position relative to the observer. We compared subjects using the mirrored and conventional displays while recording over the premotor cortex with functional near‐infrared spectroscopy. Subjects watched a first‐person view of virtual arms grasping incoming balls on‐screen; they were instructed to either imagine the virtual arm as their own [motor imagery during observation (MIO)] or to execute the movements [motor execution (ME)]. With repeated‐measures anova, the hemoglobin difference as a direct index of cortical oxygenation revealed significant main effects of the factors hemisphere (P = 0.005) and condition (P ≤ 0.001) with significant post hoc differences between MIO‐mirror and MIO‐conventional (P = 0.024). These results suggest that the horizontal mirrored display provides a more accurate first‐person view, enhancing subjects’ ability to perform motor imagery during observation. Our results may have implications for future experimental designs involving motor imagery, and may also have applications in video gaming and virtual reality therapy, such as for patients following stroke.
Biodiversity, metabolism and applications of acidophilic sulfur‐metabolizing microorganisms
Authors: Dopson Mark , Johnson D. Barrie 
Published: April 2012

SummaryExtremely acidic, sulfur‐rich environments can be natural, such as solfatara fields in geothermal and volcanic areas, or anthropogenic, such as acid mine drainage waters. Many species of acidophilic bacteria and archaea are known to be involved in redox transformations of sulfur, using elemental sulfur and inorganic sulfur compounds as electron donors or acceptors in reactions involving between one and eight electrons. This minireview describes the nature and origins of acidic, sulfur‐rich environments, the biodiversity of sulfur‐metabolizing acidophiles, and how sulfur is metabolized and assimilated by acidophiles under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Finally, existing and developing technologies that harness the abilities of sulfur‐oxidizing and sulfate‐reducing acidophiles to extract and capture metals, and to remediate sulfur‐polluted waste waters are outlined.
Phylogenetic relationships in the subfamily Psychodinae (Diptera, Psychodidae)
Authors: Espíndola Anahí , Buerki Sven , Jacquier Anouchka , Ježek Jan , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: April 2012

Espíndola, A., Buerki, S., Jacquier, A., Ježek, J. & Alvarez, N. (2012). Phylogenetic relationships in the subfamily Psychodinae (Diptera, Psychodidae). —Zoologica Scripta,41, 489–498.Thanks to recent advances in molecular systematics, our knowledge of phylogenetic relationships within the order Diptera has dramatically improved. However, relationships at lower taxonomic levels remain poorly investigated in several neglected groups, such as the highly diversified moth‐fly subfamily Psychodinae (Lower Diptera), which occurs in numerous terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationships among 52 Palearctic taxa from all currently known Palearctic tribes and subtribes of this subfamily, based on mitochondrial DNA. Our results demonstrate that in light of the classical systematics of Psychodinae, none of the tribessensuJežek orsensuVaillant is monophyletic, whereas at least five of the 12 sampled genera were not monophyletic. The results presented in this study provide a valuable backbone for future work aiming at identifying morphological synapomorphies to propose a new tribal classification.
Early Sartre on Freedom and Ethics
Authors: Poellner Peter 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper offers a revisionary interpretation ofSartre's early views on human freedom.Sartre articulates a subtle account of a fundamental sense of human freedom as autonomy, in terms of human consciousness being bothreasons‐responsiveand in a distinctive senseself‐determining. The aspects ofSartre's theory of human freedom that underpin his early ethics are shown to be based on his phenomenological analysis of consciousness as, in its fundamental mode of self‐presence, not an object in the world (Section 1). Sartre has a multi‐level theory of the reasons‐sensitivity of consciousness. At one level, consciousness's being alive to reasons is a matter of the affective perception of values and disvalues as features of phenomenal objects (Section 2). This part of his theory, a development ofScheler's, is, however, situated within a broader phenomenological analysis resulting in the claim that theultimatereasons acknowledged by consciousness neither are nor justifiably could be values adequately presentable as intentional objects. Consciousness's ultimate reasons are, in this sense, not given by the world but by itself (Section 3). Section 4 reconstructs and assessesSartre's argument that consciousness cannot rationally have an ultimate end other than self‐transparent (‘authentic’) freedom itself.
Evidence‐based recommendations on topical treatment and phototherapy of psoriasis: systematic review and expert opinion of a panel of dermatologists
Authors: Paul C. , Gallini A. , Archier E. , Castela E. , Devaux S. , Aractingi S. , Aubin F. , Bachelez H. , Cribier B. , Joly P. , Jullien D. , Le Maître M. , Misery L. , Richard M.‐A. , Ortonne J.‐P. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackground  Although topical treatments and phototherapy are available for more than 40 years, there is a paucity of evidence‐based recommendations regarding their use.Objectives  The aim of this work was to develop evidence‐based recommendations on topical treatments and phototherapy in psoriasis for daily clinical use.Methods  A scientific committee selected clinically relevant questions on efficacy and safety of topical agents and phototherapy in psoriasis. This selection was made using the Delphi method. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The articles selected for analysis were reviewed and the level of evidence was appraised according to the Oxford Levels of Evidence. An Expert consensus meeting took place in June 2011, including 42 dermatologists. Recommendations for use of topical treatments and phototherapy were made during interactive workshops where the evidence was presented and discussed. Agreement among participants was assessed on a 10‐point scale. The participants systematically assessed the impact of the recommendations on clinical practice.Results  A total of 3555 references were identified, among which 312 articles were included in the systematic reviews. Three recommendations were issued on phototherapy including both PUVA and narrow‐band UVB. The recommendations related to administration schedule, clearance rate and risk of side‐effects. The mean agreement between participants was good varying from 8.5 to 9.5. Six recommendations were issued on topical treatments focusing on administration schedule, clearance rate, risk of side‐effects, cost‐effectiveness and measures to improve treatment adherence. The mean agreement between participants varied from 7.3 to 9.9.Conclusions  These recommendations for the use of topical agents and phototherapy in psoriasis are evidence‐based and supported by a panel of dermatologists. The next step will be to disseminate these recommendations and assess the opinion of physicians who were not involved in generating the recommendations.
Bullying or violence during training and the risk of dropout from the eldercare sector 2 years later
Authors: Hogh Annie , Giver Hanne , Hannerz Harald , Pedersen Betina Holbæk 
Published: April 2012

Background:  The proportion of old people in need of care is growing rapidly in most western societies, and there is a rising demand for qualified eldercare workers in the years to come. Hence, solutions to high turnover in the eldercare sector are becoming increasingly important.Aim:  To test whether bullying, violence and/or threats of violence (violence) among health care trainees are predictors of subsequent dropout from the eldercare sector 2 years after graduation from college.Methods:  A questionnaire was given to all health care trainees in Denmark approximately 2 weeks before their graduation in 2004. Female respondents (N = 5000) were followed in national employment registers to see whether they had dropped out of the eldercare sector by the end of 2006. Logistic regression was used to model the outcome.Results:  Among the respondents, 5.5% had been bullied during the training period, 9.1% had been subjected to violence. Hereof, 1% reported exposure to both bullying and violence. At follow‐up, 37% had dropped out of the eldercare sector. The odds of dropout were significantly associated with bullying, OR = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.08–1.79), but not with violence, OR = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.72–1.09).Conclusion:  Being bullied while in training as a health care worker is a predictor of subsequent dropout from the eldercare sector.
Induction of senescence in cancer cells by the G‐quadruplex stabilizer, BMVC4, is independent of its telomerase inhibitory activity
Authors: Huang Fong‐Chun , Chang Cheng‐Chung , Wang Jing‐Min , Chang Ta‐Chau , Lin Jing‐Jer 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Telomerase is the enzyme responsible for extending G‐strand telomeric DNA and represents a promising target for treatment of neoplasia. Inhibition of telomerase can be achieved by stabilization of G‐quadruplex DNA structures. Here, we characterize the cellular effects of a novel G‐quadruplex stabilizing compound, 3,6‐bis(4‐methyl‐2‐vinylpyrazinium iodine) carbazole (BMVC4).EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The cellular effects of BMVC4 were characterized in both telomerase‐positive and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) cancer cells. The molecular mechanism of how BMVC4 induced senescence is also addressed.KEY RESULTS BMVC4‐treated cancer cells showed typical senescence phenotypes. BMVC4 induced senescence in both ALT and telomerase‐overexpressing cells, suggesting that telomere shortening through telomerase inhibition might not be the cause for senescence. A large fraction of DNA damage foci was not localized to telomeres in BMVC4‐treated cells and BMVC4 suppressed c‐myc expression through stabilizing the G‐quadruplex structure located at its promoter. These results indicated that the cellular targets of BMVC4 were not limited to telomeres. Further analyses showed that BMVC4 induced DNA breaks and activation of ataxia telangiectasia‐mutated mediated DNA damage response pathway.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS BMVC4, a G‐quadruplex stabilizer, induced senescence by activation of pathways of response to DNA damage that was independent of its telomerase inhibitory activity. Thus, BMVC4 has the potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent against both telomerase positive and ALT cancer cells.
Comparative neuropharmacology of three psychostimulant cathinone derivatives: butylone, mephedrone and methylone
Authors: López‐Arnau Raul , Martínez‐Clemente Jose , Pubill David , Escubedo Elena , Camarasa Jorge 
Published: April 2012

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Here, we have compared the neurochemical profile of three new cathinones, butylone, mephedrone and methylone, in terms of their potential to inhibit plasmalemmal and vesicular monoamine transporters. Their interaction with 5‐HT and dopamine receptors and their psychostimulant effect was also studied.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Locomotor activity was recorded in mice following different doses of cathinones. Monoamine uptake assays were performed in purified rat synaptosomes. Radioligand‐binding assays were carried out to assess the affinity of these compounds for monoamine transporters or receptors.KEY RESULTS Butylone, mephedrone and methylone (5–25 mg·kg−1) caused hyperlocomotion, which was prevented with ketanserin or haloperidol. Methylone was the most potent compound inhibiting both [3H]5‐HT and [3H]dopamine uptake with IC50 values that correlate with its affinity for dopamine and 5‐HT transporter. Mephedrone was found to be the cathinone derivative with highest affinity for vesicular monoamine transporter‐2 causing the inhibition of dopamine uptake. The affinity of cathinones for 5‐HT2A receptors was similar to that of MDMA.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Butylone and methylone induced hyperlocomotion through activating 5‐HT2A receptors and increasing extra‐cellular dopamine. They inhibited 5‐HT and dopamine uptake by competing with substrate. Methylone was the most potent 5‐HT and dopamine uptake inhibitor and its effect partly persisted after withdrawal. Mephedrone‐induced hyperlocomotion was dependent on endogenous 5‐HT. Vesicular content played a key role in the effect of mephedrone, especially for 5‐HT uptake inhibition. The potency of mephedrone in inhibiting noradrenaline uptake suggests a sympathetic effect of this cathinone.
tDCS‐Induced Analgesia and Electrical Fields in Pain‐Related Neural Networks in Chronic Migraine
Authors: DaSilva Alexandre F. , Mendonca Mariana E. , Zaghi Soroush , Lopes Mariana , DosSantos Marcos Fabio , Spierings Egilius L. , Bajwa Zahid , Datta Abhishek , Bikson Marom , Fregni Felipe 
Published: April 2012

Objective.— We investigated in a sham‐controlled trial the analgesic effects of a 4‐week treatment of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the primary motor cortex in chronic migraine. In addition, using a high‐resolution tDCS computational model, we analyzed the current flow (electric field) through brain regions associated with pain perception and modulation.Methods.— Thirteen patients with chronic migraine were randomized to receive 10 sessions of active or sham tDCS for 20 minutes with 2 mA over 4 weeks. Data were collected during baseline, treatment and follow‐up. For the tDCS computational analysis, we adapted a high‐resolution individualized model incorporating accurate segmentation of cortical and subcortical structures of interest.Results.— There was a significant interaction term (time vs group) for the main outcome (pain intensity) and for the length of migraine episodes (ANOVA, P < .05 for both analyses). Post‐hoc analysis showed a significant improvement in the follow‐up period for the active tDCS group only. Our computational modeling studies predicted electric current flow in multiple cortical and subcortical regions associated with migraine pathophysiology. Significant electric fields were generated, not only in targeted cortical regions but also in the insula, cingulate cortex, thalamus, and brainstem regions.Conclusions.— Our findings give preliminary evidence that patients with chronic migraine have a positive, but delayed, response to anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex. These effects may be related to electrical currents induced in pain‐related cortical and subcortical regions.