bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Motivational Interviewing for DWI Recidivists Who Abuse Alcohol and Are Not Participating in DWI Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Brown Thomas G. , Dongier Maurice , Ouimet Marie Claude , Tremblay Jacques , Chanut Florence , Legault Lucie , Ng Ying Kin Ng Mien Kwong 
Published: November 2009

Background:  Driving while impaired (DWI) recidivists with unresolved alcohol use problems pose an ongoing risk for traffic safety. Following conviction, many do not participate in mandated alcohol evaluation and intervention programs, or continue to drink problematically after being relicensed. This study investigated if, in DWI recidivists with alcohol problems and not currently involved in DWI intervention, Brief Motivational Interviewing (BMI) produced greater reductions in risky drinking at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up compared to an information‐advice control condition. Additional analyses explored whether BMI was associated with greater readiness to change, subsequent substance abuse treatment service utilization, and satisfaction compared to the control condition.Methods:  Male and female recidivists with drinking problems and not currently engaged in DWI intervention were recruited, evaluated, and then randomly assigned to receive 1 of 2 manualized interventions: 30‐minute BMI session or information‐advice. Participants, interviewers, researchers, and statisticians were blind to assignment. Outcomes were changed in: percent of risky drinking days (i.e., ≥3 standard drinks/d for males; ≥2 for females) in the previous 6 months derived from the Timeline Followback, biomarkers of alcohol abuse (GGT, AST, ALT, MCV) by blood assay, and alcohol abuse‐related behaviors using the MMPI‐Mac scale. Data from the Readiness to Change Questionnaire, a substance abuse service utilization questionnaire, and the Client Satisfaction Scale were also collected.Results:  Analyses revealed significant declines in risky drinking with both interventions. BMI (n = 92) resulted in a 25% reduction in risky drinking days at 12‐month follow‐up, which compared to the control intervention (n = 92) represented a significant decline from 6‐month levels. Exposure to BMI also produced significantly greater improvement at 6‐month follow‐up in a biomarker of alcohol abuse and a behavioral measure related to recidivism risk. Exploration of readiness to change, substance abuse service utilization, and satisfaction with intervention indicated a perception of BMI being more useful in coping with problems.Conclusions:  Brief MI approaches warrant further implementation and effectiveness research as an opportunistic DWI intervention strategy to reduce risks associated with alcohol use outside of clinical and DWI relicensing settings.
Brain Microstructure Is Related to Math Ability in Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lebel Catherine , Rasmussen Carmen , Wyper Katy , Andrew Gail , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: November 2009

Background:  Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) often demonstrate a variety of cognitive deficits, but mathematical ability seems to be particularly affected by prenatal alcohol exposure. Parietal brain regions have been implicated in both functional and structural studies of mathematical ability in healthy individuals, but little is known about the brain structure underlying mathematical deficits in children with FASD. The goal of this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the relationship between mathematical skill and brain white matter structure in children with FASD.Methods:  Twenty‐one children aged 5 to 13 years diagnosed with FASD underwent DTI on a 1.5‐T MRI scanner and cognitive assessments including the Woodcock‐Johnson Quantitative Concepts test. Voxel‐based analysis was conducted by normalizing subject images to a template and correlating fractional anisotropy (FA) values across the brain white matter with age‐standardized math scores.Results:  Voxel‐based analysis revealed 4 clusters with significant correlations between FA and math scores: 2 positively‐correlated clusters in the left parietal region, 1 positively‐correlated cluster in the left cerebellum, and 1 negatively‐correlated cluster in the bilateral brainstem. Diffusion tractography identified the specific white matter tracts passing through these clusters, namely the left superior longitudinal fasciculus, left corticospinal tract and body of the corpus callosum, middle cerebellar peduncle, and bilateral projection fibers including the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule.Conclusions:  These results identify 4 key regions related to mathematical ability and provide a link between brain microstructure and cognitive skills in children with FASD. Given previous findings in typically developing children and those with other abnormal conditions, our results highlight the consistent importance of the left parietal area for mathematical tasks across various populations, and also demonstrate other regions that may be specific to mathematical processing in children with FASD.
IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: Generation of histo‐blood group B transferase by replacing the N‐acetyl‐d‐galactosamine recognition domain of human A transferase with the galactose‐recognition domain of evolutionarily related murine α1,3‐galactosyltransferase
Authors: Yamamoto Fumiichiro , Yamamoto Miyako , Blancher Antoine 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: The α1,3‐galactosyl epitope (α1‐3Gal epitope), a major xenotransplant antigen, is synthesized by α1,3‐galactosyltransferase (α1‐3Gal transferase), which is evolutionarily related to the histo‐blood group A/B transferases.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We constructed structural chimeras between the human type A and murine α1‐3Gal transferases and examined their activity and specificity.RESULTS: In many instances, a total loss of transferase activity was observed. Certain areas could be exchanged, with a potential diminishing of activity. With a few constructs, changes in acceptor substrate specificity were suspected. Unexpectedly, a functional conversion from A to B transferase activity was observed after replacing the short sequence of human A transferase with the corresponding sequence from murine α1‐3Gal transferase.CONCLUSION: Because these two paralogous enzymes differ in 16 positions of the 38 amino acid residues in the replaced region, our finding may suggest that despite separate evolution and diversified acceptors, these glycosyltransferases still share the three‐dimensional domain structure that is responsible for their sugar specificity, arguing against the functional requirement of a strong purifying selection playing a role in the evolution of the ABO family of genes.
Paired crossover study of two plateletpheresis systems concerning platelet product quality and donor comfort
Authors: Flesch Brigitte K. , Adamzik Ilse , Steppat Dagmar , Miller Joanna , Carstensen Liane , Schapke Martin , Davey Jason 
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND: Two plateletpheresis cell separator systems were compared in a paired crossover study with respect to the product quality, the number of platelet (PLT) units per donation, and the donor comfort.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty‐four female and 47 male donors were distributed to three body weight groups. Double PLT units with 6 × 1011 PLTs were collected from three Fenwal Amicus Crescendo (AC) and three CaridianBCT Trima Accel (TA) machines. Each donor made one donation on each randomly assigned system and answered a questionnaire on the subjective donor comfort. The answers were scored from 5 (best) to 1 (worst).RESULTS: Based on 182 donations, with 91 donations on AC and TA separators each, 179 runs resulted in double PLT units and three (2×AC, 1×TA) in single units. The white blood cell counts were below 1 × 106 in all but eight therapeutic units (8×TA; mean, 1.98 × 106). The mean PLT yield (AC 6.00 × 1011, TA 5.98 × 1011), the collection rate, and the PLT extraction coefficient did not significantly differ between the two devices. Differences of the donor comfort over all groups were only observed for the loudness of the instrument (4.63 AC vs. 4.24 TA, p < 0.001) and the subjective impression of the run time (4.24 AC vs. 4.48 TA, p < 0.05). Male donors greater than 88 kg preferred the TA instruments concerning the impact of the needle, run time, overall experience (p < 0.01 each), and willingness to donate on the same instrument again (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Only minor differences were observed despite the fact that the AC separators are run with two needles and the TA with one needle.
Experimental investigation on the local scour characteristics around groynes using a hydraulic model
Authors: Kang Joongu , Yeo Hongkoo , Kim Sungjung , Ji Un 
Published: November 2009

AbstractScour holes resulting from the installation of a groyne are considered to perform the environmental function of providing a habitat and a haven for various aquatic organisms during floods, hence, the need for studies on the scour area and its volume near a groyne beyond the scope of past discussions on their stability. In this study, hydraulic experiments were conducted in fixed and movable beds to examine the flow pattern, bed change and scour depth and hole around a groyne. The results of the fixed‐bed experiment indicated an effect on the flow change in the main channels and recirculation zones following the installation of a groyne. Changes in tip velocity and flow angle as the scour factors around a groyne were quantitatively compared as well. Through the movable‐bed experiment, the scour‐hole shape, scour area, scour depth and volume of bed change were examined and compared.
Effect of Respiratory Acidosis on Vasoconstrictor Effects of Directly and Indirectly Acting Sympathomimetic Amines in Cats
Authors: Bygdeman S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe peripheral vasoconstrictor effects of bilateral carotid occlusion were compared with those of the directacting sympathomimetic drugs noradrenaline and dopamine and of the indirectly acting drugs tyramine and phenylethylamine on the perfused hindleg of cats during normal ventilation and respiratory acidosis. It was observed that while ventilation with 15 % C02 decreased the vasoconstrictor response to injected noradrenaline and dopamine by 60 per cent effects of tyramine, phenylethylamine and carotid occlusion remained unchanged. The results suggest that hypercarbia does not interfere with the action of the endogenously liberated transmitter in the synaptic region but blocks the effect of injected noradrenaline and dopamine on receptors situated outside this region.
Excitatory Synapses on Hippocampal Apical Dendrites Activated by Entorhinal Stimulation
Authors: Andersen P. , Holmqvist B. , Voorhoeve P. E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn rabbits anesthetized with urethane‐chloralose, the responses produced in the field CA1 by stimulation of the entorhinal area were studied with intracellular and extracellular recording. The most important pathway involved was found to be the three‐synaptic path: Entorhinal area — dentate granule cells— CA3 pyramids— CA1 pyramids. This conclusion is based upon the following experimental data: The main CA1 activity occurred later than expected for a monosynaptic path, it was always secondary to dentate granule cell discharges, it disappeared after a section severing the Schaffer collaterals at the CA2/CA1 border, it showed longer latency the longer the recording electrode was placed from the fimbria. The final link in this three‐synaptic pathway is the Schaffer collaterals. Their synapses produce a large negative field potential at the level of the profuse branching of the apical dendrites. The negativity is most likely due to the inward current flowing across the activated excitatory synapses. Extracellular recording of the population spike, produced by the Schaffer collateral synaptic activity, showed the spike to be initiated in that part of the dendritic membrane which borders the territory of the Schaffer synapses. The spike was conducted towards the soma with a speed of about 0.4 m/sec. Intracellular recording from cat CA1 pyramids gave as a rule no sign of soma epolarization in spite of the appearance of synaptically initiated action potentials. The results indicate that synapses located to the dendrites can initiate a local spike that may be conducted towards the soma with a low conduction velocity, and probably, with a low safety factor.
The Effect of Vagal Stimulation on the Bronchial Tree in the Cat
Authors: Schwieler GÖSTA H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA method is described whereby bronchial diameter changes can be recorded in artificially ventilated lungs. It is shown that the bronchi dilate during positive inflation. When the peripheral ends of the cut vagal nerves are stimulated in the cervical region, this dilatation decreases and the bronchi become stiff. It is concluded that this is an effect of bronchial smooth muscle contraction.The results are confirmed in spontaneously ventilating animals by bronchography and measurements of dynamic compliance.
Selective and frequency dependent predation of aquatic mosquito predator Diplonychus indicus Venkatesan & Rao (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) on immature stages of three mosquito species
Authors: SIVAGNANAME Narayanasamy 
Published: November 2009

AbstractFrequency dependent mosquito larval size (II and IV instars) and species selection by the water bug Diplonychus indicus against three mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi was studied in the laboratory. The different frequencies used for each species selection were 20:30:50, 30:50:20, 50:20:30, 25:35:40, 35:40:25 and 40:25:35 of fourth instars of the respective three prey species. All nymphal water bugs (I–V instars) selected IV instar mosquito larvae and the mean proportion of late (larger) larvae eaten by the predator instars was significantly higher than the mean proportion of early (smaller) larvae eaten (F= 2.28; P < 0.001). In all six ratios used to determine the frequency dependent mosquito species selection, all the stages of the water bug selected Ae. aegypti over the other two species (F= 452.43; P < 0.001). The mean number of mosquito larvae eaten increased as its density increased based on various ratios of larvae offered. The study indicated that the predatory efficiency of D. indicus was high when Ae. aegypti was offered as prey, suggesting the utility of this mosquito predator in the control of dengue vectors.
Dating of Dissolved Iodine in Pore Waters from the Gas Hydrate Occurrence Offshore Shimokita Peninsula, Japan: 129I Results from the D/V Chikyu Shakedown Cruise
Authors: Tomaru Hitoshi , Fehn Udo , Lu Zunli , Takeuchi Rika , Inagaki Fumio , Imachi Hiroyuki , Kotani Ryosuke , Matsumoto Ryo , Aoike Kan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIodine concentration and radioisotopic composition (129I/I) were measured in the pore waters from the gas hydrate occurrence in the forearc basin offshore Shimokita Peninsula, north‐eastern Japan, to determine the source formation of I and accompanying hydrocarbons. Iodine concentrations correlate well with the alkalinity and SO4 patterns, reflecting degradation stages of I‐rich buried organic matter, rapidly increasing in the sulfate reduction interval, and becoming constant below 250 meters below the seafloor with an upwelling flux of 1.5 × 10−11 µmol cm−2 year−1. The 129I/I ratios of 300 × 10−15–400 × 10−15 in deep pore waters suggest ages for iodine and hydrocarbon sources as old as 40 Ma. These ages correlate well with the coaly source formations of the Eocene age thought to be responsible for the conventional natural gas deposits underlying the gas hydrate stability zone. Similar profiles are observed in 129I/I ratios of pore waters in the gas hydrate stability zone from the forearc basin in the eastern Nankai Trough, offshore central Japan, where pore waters are enriched in I and reach ages as old as ∼50 Ma through the sediment column. At the outer ridge site along the trough, on the other hand, relatively younger I are more frequently delivered probably through thrusts/faults associated with subduction. The nature of source formations of I and hydrocarbons in the offshore Shimokita Peninsula has a more terrestrial contribution compared with those in the Nankai Trough, but these formations are also considerably older than the host sediments, suggesting long‐term transport of I and hydrocarbons for the accumulation of gas hydrates in both locations.
State‐dependent life history models in a changing (and regulated) environment: steelhead in the California Central Valley
Authors: Satterthwaite William. H. , Beakes Michael P. , Collins Erin M. , Swank David R. , Merz Joseph E. , Titus Robert G. , Sogard Susan M. , Mangel Marc 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe use a state dependent life history model to predict the life history strategies of female steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in altered environments. As a case study of a broadly applicable approach, we applied this model to the American and Mokelumne Rivers in central California, where steelhead are listed as threatened. Both rivers have been drastically altered, with highly regulated flows and translocations that may have diluted local adaptation. Nevertheless, evolutionary optimization models could successfully predict the life history displayed by fish on the American River (all anadromous, with young smolts) and on the Mokelumne River (a mix of anadromy and residency). The similar fitness of the two strategies for the Mokelumne suggested that a mixed strategy could be favored in a variable environment. We advance the management utility of this framework by explicitly modeling growth as a function of environmental conditions and using sensitivity analyses to predict likely evolutionary endpoints under changed environments. We conclude that the greatest management concern with respect to preserving anadromy is reduced survival of emigrating smolts, although large changes in freshwater survival or growth rates are potentially also important. We also demonstrate the importance of considering asymptotic size along with maximum growth rate.
Role of a novel bile acid receptor TGR5 in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hong Jie , Behar Jose , Wands Jack , Resnick Murray , Wang Li Juan , DeLellis Ronald A , Lambeth David , Souza Rhonda F , Spechler Stuart J , Cao Weibiao 
Published: November 2009

Background and aimsMechanisms of the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) are not fully understood. Bile acids may have an important role in this progression. This study aimed at examining the role of NADPH oxidase NOX5-S and a novel bile acid receptor TGR5 in taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA)-induced increase in cell proliferation.MethodsHuman Barrett's cell line BAR-T and OA cell line FLO were transfected by the Lipofectamine 2000 or Amaxa-Nucleofector-System. mRNAs were measured by real-time PCR. H2O2 was measured by a fluorescent assay. Cell proliferation was determined by measurement of thymidine incorporation.ResultsNOX5-S was present in FLO cells. TDCA significantly increased NOX5-S expression, H2O2 production and thymidine incorporation in FLO and BAR-T cells. This increase in thymidine incorporation was significantly reduced by knockdown of NOX5-S. TGR5 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in OA tissues than in normal oesophageal mucosa or Barrett's mucosa. Knockdown of TGR5 markedly inhibited TDCA-induced increase in NOX5-S expression, H2O2 production and thymidine incorporation in FLO and BAR-T cells. Overexpression of TGR5 significantly enhanced the effects of TDCA in FLO cells. TGR5 receptors were coupled with Gαq and Gαi3 proteins, but only Gαq mediated TDCA-induced increase in NOX5-S expression, H2O2 production and thymidine incorporation in FLO cells.ConclusionsTDCA-induced increase in cell proliferation depends on upregulation of NOX5-S expression in BAR-T and FLO cells. TDCA-induced NOX5-S expression may be mediated by activation of the TGR5 receptor and Gαq protein. These data may provide potential targets to prevent and/or treat Barrett's OA.
Semantic Congruence Enhances Memory of Episodic Associations: Role of Theta Oscillations
Authors: Atienza Mercedes , Crespo-Garcia Maite , Cantero Jose L. 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that theta oscillations play a crucial role in episodic encoding. The present study evaluates whether changes in electroencephalographic theta source dynamics mediate the positive influence of semantic congruence on incidental associative learning. Here we show that memory for episodic associations (face–location) is more accurate when studied under semantically congruent contexts. However, only participants showing RT priming effect in a conceptual priming test (priming group) also gave faster responses when recollecting source information of semantically congruent faces as compared with semantically incongruent faces. This improved episodic retrieval was positively correlated with increases in theta power during the study phase mainly in the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and left lateral posterior parietal lobe. Reconstructed signals from the estimated sources showed higher theta power for congruent than incongruent faces and also for the priming than the nonpriming group. These results are in agreement with the attention to memory model. Besides directing top–down attention to goal-relevant semantic information during encoding, the dorsal parietal lobe may also be involved in redirecting attention to bottom–up-driven memories thanks to connections between the medial-temporal and the left ventral parietal lobe. The latter function can either facilitate or interfere with encoding of face–location associations depending on whether they are preceded by semantically congruent or incongruent contexts, respectively, because only in the former condition retrieved representations related to the cue and the face are both coherent with the person identity and are both associated with the same location.
Human Brain Dynamics Accompanying Use of Egocentric and Allocentric Reference Frames during Navigation
Authors: Gramann Klaus , Onton Julie , Riccobon Davide , Mueller Hermann J. , Bardins Stanislav , Makeig Scott 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Maintaining spatial orientation while travelling requires integrating spatial information encountered from an egocentric viewpoint with accumulated information represented within egocentric and/or allocentric reference frames. Here, we report changes in high-density EEG activity during a virtual tunnel passage task in which subjects respond to a postnavigation homing challenge in distinctly different ways—either compatible with a continued experience of the virtual environment from a solely egocentric perspective or as if also maintaining their original entrance orientation, indicating use of a parallel allocentric reference frame. By spatially filtering the EEG data using independent component analysis, we found that these two equal subject subgroups exhibited differences in EEG power spectral modulation during tunnel passages in only a few cortical areas. During tunnel turns, stronger alpha blocking occurred only in or near right primary visual cortex of subjects whose homing responses were compatible with continued use of an egocentric reference frame. In contrast, approaching and during tunnel turns, subjects who responded in a way compatible with use of an allocentric reference frame exhibited stronger alpha blocking of occipito-temporal, bilateral inferior parietal, and retrosplenial cortical areas, all areas implicated by hemodynamic imaging and neuropsychological observation in construction and maintenance of an allocentric reference frame. We conclude that in these subjects, stronger activation of retrosplenial and related cortical areas during turns support a continuous translation of egocentrically experienced visual flow into an allocentric model of their virtual position and movement.