bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspects of Sound Structure in Historic Organs of Europe
Authors: Schneider Albrecht 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article sketches the development of pipe organs in Europe from Roman times to the Baroque era in order to shed light on concepts of sound structure that apparently guided the design and construction of certain types of organs. For a better understanding of empirical measurements presented in Parts 4 and 5 of this study, Part 2 provides some basic organology. In Part 3, the development from the so-called ‘Blockwerk’ to organs comprising several wind chests, manuals, and various types of pipes and stops is outlined. In part 5, relations of sound structure to tunings and temperaments are discussed, including actual measurements.
Musicological and Technological Perspectives on Computational Analysis of Electroacoustic Music
Authors: Lartillot Olivier 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAnalysing electroacoustic music remains challenging, leaving this artistic treasure somewhat out of reach of mainstream musicology and many music lovers. This chapter examines electroacoustic music analysis, covering musicological investigations and desires and technological challenges and potentials. The aim is to develop new technologies to overcome the current limitations. The compositional and musicological foundations of electroacoustic music analysis are based on Pierre Schaeffer’s Traité des objects musicaux. The chapter presents an overview of core analytical principles underpinning more recent musicological approaches, including R. Murray Schafer’s soundscape analysis, Denis Smalley’s spectro-morphology, and Lasse Thoresen’s graphical formalisation. Then the state of the art in computational analysis of electroacoustic music is compiled and organised along broad themes, from detecting sound objects to estimating dynamics, facture and grain, mass, motions, space, timbre and rhythm. Finally, I sketch the principles of what could be a Toolbox des objets sonores.
Virtual Reality und Flipped Classroom in religionspädagogischen Bildungsprozessen
Authors: Witt Theresia 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungUm in der religionspädagogischen Lehre Potenziale digitaler Formate produktiv zu integrieren, wurde das Seminar Kirchenpädagogik 2.0?! i. S. d. Flipped-Classroom-Konzepts entwickelt, durchgeführt und evaluiert: Lehramtsstudierende der Theologie sollen befähigt werden, virtuelle Kirchen(raum)erschließungen für eine schulische Zielgruppe zu konzipieren und zu erproben. Wissenschaftlich und hochschuldidaktisch gerahmt werden diese Praxiserfahrungen durch einen Online-Kurs sowie evaluative Begleitforschungen in Bezug auf digitalitätsbezogene Selbstwirksamkeitserfahrungen der teilnehmenden Studierenden. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie eine digitale Kultur in der (religions-)lehrer:innenbildenden Hochschullehre mittels Flipped-Classroom-Settings und VR-Technologie entwickelt sowie evaluiert werden kann.
Kompetenzen für die digitale Arbeitswelt – Ein Lehrprojekt zu Digital Health
Authors: Stülb Magdalena , Binder Sven , Steinbrecher Svenja 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungZiel des Lehrprojekts ist es, Studierenden im Bachelorstudiengang Gesundheits- und Sozialmanagement mittels einer lernpfadbasierten Selbstlerneinheit einen Überblick zur Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen zu ermöglichen, ihnen aufzuzeigen, welche Kompetenzen die Berufspraxis in diesen Bereichen erfordert, und Ansätze zum individuellen überfachlichen Kompetenzaufbau zu vermitteln. Grundlage dafür ist der Ansatz der Future Skills nach Ulf-Daniel Ehlers (2020). Als Pilotprojekt soll die digitale Lerneinheit zur Entwicklung einer Kultur der Digitalität an der Hochschule beitragen, indem unterschiedliche Lehr- und Lernformate kombiniert und verschiedene Organisationseinheiten miteinander verknüpft werden.
Die Rolle der Digitalisierungsstrategien bei der Implementierung digitaler Lehre
Authors: Schäfer Len Ole , Deacon Bronwen , Laufer Melissa 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie an acht europäischen Hochschulen mit insgesamt 68 Interviews vor und geht der Frage nach dem Verhältnis der jeweiligen Digitalisierungsstrategie zwischen Hochschulleitung, Fakultätsleitung und Lehrenden nach. Es zeigt sich, dass die Entwicklung von Digitalisierungsstrategien durch die Coronapandemie einen Aufschwung erfahren hat. Die Lehrenden waren allerdings selten über Digitalisierungsstrategien informiert und der Fakultät war die Umsetzung der Digitalisierungsstrategien überlassen. Zur Erklärung dieses Phänomens eignet sich die Theorie lose gekoppelter Systeme von Karl E. Weick, die sich auf Hochschulen übertragen lässt.
3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 theories from M-theory on CY4 and IIB brane box
Authors: Najjar Marwan , Tian Jiahua , Wang Yi-Nan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric field theories geometrically engineered from M-theory on non-compact Calabi-Yau fourfolds (CY4). We establish a detailed dictionary between the geometry and topology of non-compact CY4 and the physics of 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theories in three different regimes. The first one is the Coulomb branch description when the CY4 is smooth. The second one is non-abelian gauge theory when the CY4 has a degenerate ℙ1-fibration structure. The third one is the strongly coupled SCFT from a CY4 singularity. We find interesting flavor symmetry enhancements in the singular limit of CY4, as well as an interesting and previously unexplored phenomenon in 3D, termed “flavor symmetry duality”. Many examples are analyzed with an emphasis on toric CY4s and ℂ4 orbifolds with crepant resolutions. We develop a new brane box method to study the physics of Coulomb branch of 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theory that admits a toric construction. Via IIB/M-theory duality we find that the brane box diagram living in ℝ3 can be physically realized as a configuration of intersecting 4-branes which are extended objects in 8D maximal supersymmetric theory, which is shown to be consistent via various chains of dualities. The rank, effective gauge coupling and certain hints to flavor symmetry enhancement of the 3D $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 theory are read off from the brane box and cross-checked against the results obtained from geometric engineering. The exotic branes in 8D maximal supersymmetric theory and the 4-string junctions thereof are shown to play a crucial role in the construction of the brane box.
On the frozen F-theory landscape
Authors: Morrison David R. , Sung Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study 6d $$\mathcal{N}$$ = (1, 0) supergravity theories arising in the frozen phase of F-theory. For each of the known global models, we construct an F-theory compactification in the unfrozen phase with an identical non-abelian gauge algebra and massless matter content. Two such low energy effective theories are then distinguished through gauge enhancements in moduli space. We study potentially new global models obtained via compact embeddings of a plethora of 6d $$\mathcal{N}$$ = (1, 0) superconformal field theories and little string theories constructed using frozen 7-branes. In some cases, these provably do not exist, and in other cases, we explicitly construct a compact embedding, yielding 6d supergravity theories with new massless spectra. Finally, by using gravitational anomaly cancellation, we conjecture the existence of localized neutral hypermultiplets along frozen 7-brane loci.
Harmonic ovals
Authors: Biondi Paola , Durante Nicola , Penttila Tim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe show that a central oval in a Moufang Fano plane is a Moufang oval if and only if the oval is harmonic. This shows, for the first time, that harmonic ovals that are not conics exist. In addition, we show that, if a strongly harmonic oval in a Moufang Fano plane exists, then the plane is Pappian and the oval is a conic and that if a harmonic oval in a Moufang plane that is not a Fano plane exists, then the plane is Pappian and the oval is a conic. We also show local versions of these results, characterising conics by the property of: being harmonic at external points on a fixed secant line, being harmonic at external points on a fixed external line, being harmonic at points on a fixed tangent line and being harmonic at all secant lines on a fixed point of the oval. Finally, we give some related characterisation of conics in terms of degenerations of Pascal’s theorem, including the theorem that an oval in a Moufang plane with the four point Pascal property is a conic in a Pappian plane.
Long-Term Bone Mineral Density Changes in Kidney Transplant Recipients Treated with Denosumab: A Retrospective Study with Nonequivalent Control Group
Authors: Fassio Angelo , Andreola Stefano , Gatti Davide , Pollastri Francesco , Gatti Matteo , Fabbrini Paolo , Gambaro Giovanni , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Caletti Chiara , Rossini Maurizio , Viapiana Ombretta , Bixio Riccardo , Adami Giovanni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractData on the effectiveness of denosumab on osteoporosis after kidney transplantation are limited. We investigated the long-term bone mineral density (BMD) changes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) treated with denosumab compared to untreated KTRs. We enrolled KTRs treated with denosumab 60 mg/6 months for 4 years. An untreated group of sex and age-matched KTRs with a 1:1 ratio was included. The primary outcome was BMD changes assessed by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry over 4 years. Data on serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were collected. All patients received oral cholecalciferol and calcium supplementation. 23 denosumab-treated KTRs were enrolled, and 23 untreated KTRs. The median time from transplant to the start of denosumab was 4 years (range 0:24). The denosumab group showed a significant increase from baseline in BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) (9.0 ± 10.7%, p < 0.001), and total hip (TH) (3.8 ± 7.9%, p = 0.041). The untreated group showed a significant decrease at all sites (− 3.0 ± 7%, p = 0.041 at the LS; − 6.3 ± 9.2%, p = 0.003 at the TH; − 6.7 ± 9.3%, p = 0.003 at the FN). The between-group differences in percent BMD changes were statistically significant at all sites. Similar results were found for the respective Z-scores. The ALP serum levels significantly decreased from baseline only in the denosumab group, with a significant between-group difference (p = 0.032). No significant differences in serum creatinine, hypocalcaemic events or acute graft rejection rates were observed. Four years of denosumab therapy were associated with increased BMD in KTRs, while untreated KTRs showed significant BMD losses at all sites.
Fates of slurry-nitrogen applied to mountain grasslands: the importance of dinitrogen emissions versus plant N uptake
Authors: Dannenmann Michael , Yankelzon Irina , Wähling Svenja , Ramm Elisabeth , Schreiber Mirella , Ostler Ulrike , Schlingmann Marcus , Stange Claus Florian , Kiese Ralf , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus , Friedl Johannes , Scheer Clemens 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntensive fertilization of grasslands with cattle slurry can cause high environmental nitrogen (N) losses in form of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. Still, knowledge on short-term fertilizer N partitioning between plants and dinitrogen (N2) emissions is lacking. Therefore, we applied highly 15N-enriched cattle slurry (97 kg N ha−1) to pre-alpine grassland field mesocosms. We traced the slurry 15N in the plant-soil system and to denitrification losses (N2, N2O) over 29 days in high temporal resolution. Gaseous ammonia (NH3), N2 as well N2O losses at about 20 kg N ha−1 were observed only within the first 3 days after fertilization and were dominated by NH3. Nitrous oxide emissions (0.1 kg N ha−1) were negligible, while N2 emissions accounted for 3 kg of fertilizer N ha−1. The relatively low denitrification losses can be explained by the rapid plant uptake of fertilizer N, particularly from 0–4 cm depth, with plant N uptake exceeding denitrification N losses by an order of magnitude already after 3 days. After 17 days, total aboveground plant N uptake reached 100 kg N ha−1, with 33% of N derived from the applied N fertilizer. Half of the fertilizer N was found in above and belowground biomass, while at about 25% was recovered in the soil and 25% was lost, mainly in form of gaseous emissions, with minor N leaching. Overall, this study shows that plant N uptake plays a dominant role in controlling denitrification losses at high N application rates in pre-alpine grassland soils.
The added value of simulated near-surface wind speed over the Alps from a km-scale multimodel ensemble
Authors: Molina M. O. , Careto J. M. , Gutiérrez C. , Sánchez E. , Goergen K. , Sobolowski S. , Coppola E. , Pichelli E. , Ban N. , Belus̆ić D. , Short C. , Caillaud C. , Dobler A. , Hodnebrog Ø. , Kartsios S. , Lenderink G. , de Vries H. , Göktürk O. , Milovac J. , Feldmann H. , Truhetz H. , Demory M. E. , Warrach-Sagi K. , Keuler K. , Adinolfi M. , Raffa M. , Tölle M. , Sieck K. , Bastin S. , Soares P. M. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe advancement of computational resources has allowed researchers to run convection-permitting regional climate model (CPRCM) simulations. A pioneering effort promoting a multimodel ensemble of such simulations is the CORDEX Flagship Pilot Studies (FPS) on “Convective Phenomena over Europe and the Mediterranean” over an extended Alps region. In this study, the Distribution Added Value metric is used to determine the improvement of the representation of all available FPS hindcast simulations for the daily mean near-surface wind speed. The analysis is performed on normalized empirical probability distributions and considers station observation data as the reference. The use of a normalized metric allows for spatial comparison among the different regions (coast and inland), altitudes and seasons. This approach permits a direct assessment of the added value between the CPRCM simulations against their global driving reanalysis (ERA-Interim) and respective coarser resolution regional model counterparts. In general, the results show that CPRCMs add value to their global driving reanalysis or forcing regional model, due to better-resolved topography or through better representation of ocean-land contrasts. However, the nature and magnitude of the improvement in the wind speed representation vary depending on the model, the season, the altitude, or the region. Among seasons, the improvement is usually larger in summer than winter. CPRCMs generally display gains at low and medium-range altitudes. In addition, despite some shortcomings in comparison to ERA-Interim, which can be attributed to the assimilation of wind observations on the coast, the CPRCMs outperform the coarser regional climate models, both along the coast and inland.
Three distinct patterns of mental health response following accidents in mountain sports: a follow-up study of individuals treated at a tertiary trauma center
Authors: Salvotti Hanna Veronika , Tymoszuk Piotr , Ströhle Mathias , Paal Peter , Brugger Hermann , Faulhaber Martin , Kugler Nicola , Beck Thomas , Sperner-Unterweger Barbara , Hüfner Katharina 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe restorative effect of physical activity in alpine environments on mental and physical health is well recognized. However, a risk of accidents and post-accident mental health problems is inherent to every sport. We aimed to characterize mental health in individuals following mountain sport accidents requiring professional medical management. Adult victims of mountain sport accidents treated at the hospital of the Medical University of Innsbruck (Austria) between 2018 and 2020 completed a cross-sectional survey at least 6 months following the admission (median 44 months, n = 307). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD, PCL-5), anxiety, depression, and somatization (PHQ), resilience (RS-13), sense of coherence (SOC-9L), post-traumatic growth (PTGI), and quality of life (EUROHIS-QOL), as well as sociodemographic and clinical information, were obtained from an online survey and extracted from electronic health records. Mental health outcome patterns were investigated by semi-supervised medoid clustering and modeled by machine learning. Symptoms of PTSD were observed in 19% of participants. Three comparably sized subsets of participants were identified: a (1) neutral, (2) post-traumatic growth, and (3) post-traumatic stress cluster. The post-traumatic stress cluster was characterized by high prevalence of symptoms of mental disorders, low resilience, low sense of coherence, and low quality of life as well as by younger age, the highest frequency of pre-existing mental disorders, and persisting physical health consequences of the accident. Individuals in this cluster self-reported a need for psychological or psychiatric support following the accident and more cautious behavior during mountain sports since the accident. Reliability of machine learning-based prediction of the cluster assignment based on 40 variables available during acute medical treatment of accident victims was limited. A subset of individuals show symptoms of mental health disorders including symptoms of PTSD when assessed at least 6 months after mountain sport accident. Since early identification of these vulnerable patients remains challenging, psychoeducational measures for all patients and low-threshold access to mental health support are key for a successful interdisciplinary management of victims of mountain sport accidents.
Meiosis through three centuries
Authors: Jones Gareth , Kleckner Nancy , Zickler Denise 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMeiosis is the specialized cellular program that underlies gamete formation for sexual reproduction. It is therefore not only interesting but also a fundamentally important subject for investigation. An especially attractive feature of this program is that many of the processes of special interest involve organized chromosomes, thus providing the possibility to see chromosomes "in action". Analysis of meiosis has also proven to be useful in discovering and understanding processes that are universal to all chromosomal programs. Here we provide an overview of the different historical moments when the gap between observation and understanding of mechanisms and/or roles for the new discovered molecules was bridged. This review reflects also the synergy of thinking and discussion among our three laboratories during the past several decades.
Perampanel as monotherapy or first adjunctive therapy in pediatric and adult patients with epilepsy: the first United States-based phase IV open-label ELEVATE study
Authors: Punia Vineet , Klein Pavel , Mihaylova Temenuzhka , Biton Victor , Samad Omar , Ngo Leock Y. , Kumar Dinesh , Malhotra Manoj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractELEVATE (Study 410; NCT03288129) is the first prospective, multicenter, open-label, Phase IV study of perampanel as monotherapy or first adjunctive therapy in patients aged ≥ 4 years with focal-onset seizures or generalized tonic–clonic seizures in the United States. The study included Screening, Titration (≤ 13 weeks), Maintenance (39 weeks), and Follow-up (4 weeks) Periods. During Titration, perampanel was initiated at 2 mg/day and up-titrated to 4 mg/day at Week 3. Depending on response and tolerability, optional up-titrations to a maximum of 12 mg/day occurred. The primary endpoint was retention rate; additional endpoints included seizure-freedom rate, 50% responder rate, and incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). At baseline, 10 (18.5%) patients were assigned to the monotherapy group and 44 (81.5%) patients to the first adjunctive therapy group. However, due to the addition of an anti-seizure medication along with perampanel on the first day of treatment, one patient was excluded from the monotherapy subgroup analyses. The mean perampanel exposure duration was 39.8 weeks and 32 (59.3%) patients completed the study. Retention rate at 12 months (or study completion) was 63.0% (monotherapy, 77.8%; first adjunctive therapy, 59.1%). Seizure-freedom rate during the Maintenance Period was 32.7% (monotherapy, 44.4%; first adjunctive therapy, 29.5%) and the 50% responder rate was 78.7% (monotherapy, 85.7%; first adjunctive therapy, 76.9%). TEAEs and serious TEAEs were reported by 88.9% (n = 48/54) and 7.4% (n = 4/54) of patients, respectively. Overall, the efficacy and safety of perampanel as monotherapy or first adjunctive therapy support the use of perampanel as early-line treatment for epilepsy.
Transient surrogate modeling of modally reduced structures with discontinuous loads and damping
Authors: Franke Markus , Wagner Marcus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this work, a surrogate model for structural, transient and discontinuously excited finite element method simulations is developed. This allows to reduce the computational effort of repeated calculations of identical models under different load cases. The architecture of the surrogate combines fully connected neural network layers with long short-term memory layers. For the reproduction of different damping ratios, a categorical variable is added to the continuous input data. Based on a recursive flow of the predicted data back to the input layer, long-term dependencies do not vanish due to short-input sequences. The system dimension is reduced by applying the model-order reduction technique for modal decomposition. The high accuracy of the surrogate and the reduction of computational costs are shown on an academic example of a cantilever beam and a real-world example of a robot. The advantages of our approach are illustrated in comparison with state-of-the-art surrogates for transient finite element analysis. By using the surrogate proposed in this study, oscillations due to discontinuous excitation of mechanical structures can be reproduced. For this purpose, only short-input sequences are necessary since the excitation of the oscillations does not have to be part of the input sequence during the whole duration of the oscillations. Due to the categorical variable for the damping ratio, the surrogate can account for the influence of different damping in parameter studies.