bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing research into policy: understanding context-specific requirements for productive knowledge brokering in legislatures
Authors: Karaulova Maria , Edler Jakob 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Knowledge brokering is suggested as an instrument to improve productive use of research in policy organisations. Previous research asserted that research utilisation is dependent on dynamics of knowledge exchange in institutional settings, but these claims have not received substantial empirical attention (Saarela et al, 2015; Akerlof et al, 2019; MacKillop et al, 2020). Viewing knowledge brokering as the involved role, three specific challenges are identified: high legitimacy requirements for the brokered knowledge and the broker; the need to cater for a wide range of topics, audiences and uses; and the need to compete with other evidence suppliers.

Aims and objectives:
The research question of the article is: how do legislative knowledge brokers navigate context-specific knowledge transfer challenges presented by their institutional context?

Methods:
An in-depth interpretive case study of the UK Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology. The analysis includes interviews with parliamentary actors, shadowing and participant observation.

Findings:
The results substantiate the challenges of legislative knowledge brokering in the UK context and inductively identify a further challenge of demonstrating impact. Legislative knowledge brokers employ multiple strategies to navigate the challenges: co-shape and adhere to the norms of impartiality, mobilise external expertise, collaborate with in-house and external research support actors, employ anticipation techniques, build broker chains, seek understanding of own role and impact.

Discussion and conclusion:
The article contributes to the understanding of knowledge brokering as a context-dependent role. The conclusions discuss influence of knowledge brokers’ work remit and positionality in deploying strategies to overcome the legislative challenges.
Causal relationships between body mass index, low-density lipoprotein and bone mineral density: Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization
Authors: Wu Yuxiang , Ma Weiwei , Cheng Zhenda , Zhang Qiwei , Li Zhaodong , Weng Punan , Li Bushuang , Huang Zhiqiang , Fu Changlong 
Published: June 2024

Summary
Utilizing the Mendelian randomization technique, this research clarifies the putative causal relationship between body mass index (BMI) andbone mineral density (BMD), and the mediating role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The implications of these findings present promising opportunities for enhancing our understanding of complex bone-related characteristics and disorders, offering potential directions for treatment and intervention.

Objective
The objective of this study is to examine the correlation between BMI and BMD, while exploring the intermediary role of LDL in mediating the causal impact of BMI on BMD outcomes via Mendelian randomization.

Methods
In this study, we employed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data on BMI, LDL, and BMD to conduct a comparative analysis using both univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization.

Results
Our study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization design. Considering BMI as the exposure and BMD as the outcome, our results suggest that BMI may function as a potential protective factor for BMD (β = 0.05, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09, P = 0.01). However, when treating LDL as the exposure and BMD as the outcome, our findings indicate LDL as a risk factor for BMD (β = -0.04, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99, P = 0.04). In our multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) model, the combined influence of BMI and LDL was used as the exposure for BMD outcomes. The analysis pointed towards a substantial protective effect of LDL on BMD (β = 0.08, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.97, P = 0.006). In the analysis of mediation effects, LDL was found to mediate the relationship between BMI and BMD, and the effect was calculated at (β = 0.05, 95% CI 1.052 to 1.048, P = 0.04).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that BMI may be considered a protective factor for BMD, while LDL may act as a risk factor. Moreover, LDL appears to play a mediatory role in the causal influence of BMI on BMD.
Uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive patients in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aytenew Tigabu Munye , Kassaw Amare , Simegn Amare , Nibret Mihretie Gedefaye , Asnakew Sintayehu , Tesfahun Kassie Yohannes , Demis Solomon , Kefale Demewoz , Zeleke Shegaw , Necho Asferie Worku 
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Hypertension is a major global public health problem. It currently affects more than 1.4 billion people worldwide, projected to increase to 1.6 billion by 2025. Despite numerous primary studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and identify its associated factors among hypertensive patients in Sub-Saharan Africa, these studies presented inconsistent findings. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and identify its associated factors.

Methods
We have searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases extensively for all relevant studies. A manual search of the reference lists of included studies was performed. A weighted inverse-variance random-effects model was used to compute the overall pooled prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension and the effect size of its associated factors. Variations across the included studies were checked using forest plot, funnel plot, I2 statistics, and Egger’s test.

Results
A total of twenty-six primary studies with a sample size of 11,600 participants were included in the final meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was 50.29% (95% CI: 41.88, 58.69; I2 = 98.98%; P<0.001). Age of the patient [AOR = 1.57: 95% CI: 1.004, 2.44], duration of diagnosis [AOR = 2.57: 95% CI: 1.18, 5.57], non-adherence to physical activity [AOR = 2.13: 95% CI: 1.15, 3.95], khat chewing [AOR = 3.83: 95% CI: 1.59, 9.24] and habitual coffee consumption [AOR = 10.79: 95% CI: 1.84, 63.24] were significantly associated with uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive patients.

Conclusions
The pooled prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension was considerably high. Older age, duration of diagnosis, non-adherence to physical activity, khat chewing and habitual coffee consumption were independent predictors of uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore, health professionals and other responsible stakeholders should encourage hypertensive patients to adhere to regular physical activity, and abstain from khat chewing and habitual coffee consumption. Early identification of hypertension and management of comorbidities is crucial, and it should be emphasized to control hypertension easily.
Umbrella review of international evidence for the effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions
Authors: Alalawi Abdullah , Blank Lindsay , Goyder Elizabeth 
Published: June 2024

Background
Obesity and physical inactivity among children and young people are public health concerns. Despite the wide variety of interventions available to promote physical activity, little is known about which interventions are most effective. This review aimed to evaluate the existing literature on school-based interventions that aim to increase physical activity among children and young people aged 6 to 18 years.

Methods
A systematic review of reviews was undertaken. We searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between December 2017 and January 2024 using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers, who also conducted data extraction and quality assessments. We focused on outcomes like changes in physical activity levels and body mass index to assess the effectiveness of the interventions.

Results
A total of 23 reviews examining school-based physical activity interventions met the inclusion criteria, comprising 15 systematic reviews and 8 meta-analyses. All reviews (N = 23) were implemented in the school setting: three in primary schools, seven in secondary schools, and thirteen targeted both primary and secondary schools. The findings demonstrated that six reviews reported a statistical increase in physical activity levels among the target population, and one review found a decrease in body mass index. The most promising interventions focused on physical activity included within the school curriculum and were characterised as long-term interventions. 20 out of 23 reviews assessed the quality of primary studies.

Conclusion
Some interventions were promising in promoting physical activity among school-aged children and young people such as Daily Mile, Active Break, and Active transport while multi-component interventions seem to be positively effective in reducing BMI. Future efforts should focus on long-term, theory-driven programmes to ensure sustainable increases in physical activity.
Perception and reasons for the choice of informal provider among women receiving antenatal care services from traditional birth attendants in rural communities of Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwole Esther O. , Oluwadumila Tolulope E. , Okafor Ifeoma P. , Temitayo-Oboh Abiola O. 
Published: June 2024

Background
Unskilled delivery, particularly the use of traditional birth attendants, is a major threat to reducing maternal mortality in Africa. Despite the associated risks, there is insufficient evidence on the major reasons why pregnant women in Nigeria continue to use traditional birth attendant (TBA) services, especially in rural areas. This study, therefore, assessed the perception, reasons for use, and utilization of only TBA services in current pregnancy among rural-dwelling pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 pregnant women recruited from traditional birth attendant facilities at Ikorodu Local Government Area, Lagos. Data were collected with an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted with a significance level set at p<0.05. The outcome measures included perception, utilization of only TBA services in current pregnancy, and reasons for use. Positive perception refers to positive thought, belief, or opinion held by the participants towards the TBA.

Results
All the respondents had a positive perception of TBAs, majority (70.3%) utilized TBA only while 29.7% combined TBA and healthcare facilities services in the current pregnancy. Recommendations from previous users (81.6%), welcoming and hospitable staff (77.2%), perceived spiritual protection (75.2%), and past use (68.6%), were some of the reasons cited by the respondents for utilizing only TBA services. Predictors of utilizing only TBA services were respondents’ level of education, those with secondary (aOR = 0.261; 95% CI; 0.108–0.629) and tertiary (aOR = 0.352; 95% CI; 0.162–0.769) had lower utilization while the lack of health insurance coverage (aOR = 3.017; 95% CI; 1.476–6.166) were associated with higher utilization of TBAs.

Conclusion
Respondents in this study had a positive perception of TBA services. Continuous training and an effective monitoring system of TBAs by the government and other healthcare stakeholders to improve women’s birthing experiences is recommended.
Tolerability and efficacy of switching anti-fibrotic treatment from nintedanib to pirfenidone for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sugino Keishi , Ono Hirotaka , Saito Mikako , Ando Masahiro , Tsuboi Eiyasu 
Published: June 2024

Background
In real-world studies, the rate of discontinuation of nintedanib (NT) varies from 4% to 53%. Switching anti-fibrotic treatment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has not been adequately investigated, and data on the tolerability and efficacy of changes in anti-fibrotic treatment is limited in clinical practice.

Objective
To identify factors associated with poor continuation of NT, efficacy and predictors of deterioration after switching from NT to pirfenidone (PFD) in patients with IPF.

Subjects and methods
One hundred and seventy patients with IPF in whom NT was introduced between April 2017 and March 2022 were included to investigate NT continuation status and the effect of switching to PFD.

Results
A total of 123 patients (72.4%) continued NT for 1 year and had a significantly higher %forced vital capacity (FVC) at NT introduction than those who discontinued within 1 year (80.9% ± 16.3% vs. 71.9% ± 22.1%, P = 0.004). The determinant of poor NT continuation was the high GAP stage. On the other hand, 28 of 36 patients who discontinued NT because of disease progression switched to PFD. Consequently, FVC decline was suppressed before and after the change. The predictor of deterioration after the switch was a lower body mass index.

Conclusions
In patients with IPF, early NT introduction increased continuation rates, and switching to PFD was effective when patients deteriorated despite initial NT treatment.
Capabilities and drawbacks of mass spectrometry in the forensic field: analysis of real cases dealing with toxicology and explosives
Authors: Furlan Giada , Canò Emanuela , Zuddas Matteo , Giuliano Antonio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ever since its invention, mass spectrometry has been seen as a remedy for all of the riddle that an analytical chemist was ever called to answer. Indeed, a good mass expert, provided with a good instrument and an updated library, would be able to answer to the question “what is it?” or “what does it have inside?”. In most of the cases, nevertheless, there is sometimes the need of using other type of techniques in order to avoid misunderstandings and wrong interpretations of the results. Therefore, the aim of this work is to compare real forensic cases where mass spectrometry played a fundamental role to obtain tangible and trustable answers, to other ones where this technique proved to be totally misleading. Those that will be shown, are real, concrete cases – slightly modified in order to make them unrecognisable.
Improving Patient Portal Activation for Newborns in the Well Baby Nursery
Authors: Sriraman Sheetal , Saadoon Reem , Bochner Risa , Khandakar Saema 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Patient portals provide parents access to their child’s health information and direct communication with providers. Our study aimed to improve portal activation rates of newborns during nursery hospitalization to &gt;70% over 6 months. Secondarily, we describe the facilitators and barriers to portal use.

METHODS
The study design used a mixed-methodology framework of quality improvement (QI) and cross-sectional analyses. The Model for Improvement guided QI efforts. The primary outcome was the proportion of portals activated for newborns during nursery hospitalization. Interventions included portal activation algorithm, staff huddles, and documentation templates. Telephone interviews were conducted with a randomized sample of mothers of infants who activated the portal. These mothers were divided into portal “users” and “nonusers.” We examined sociodemographic variables and health care utilization outcomes in the 2 groups.

RESULTS
Portal activation increased from 12.9% to 85.4% after interventions. Among 482 mothers with active portals, 127 (26.3%) were interviewed. Of those, 70% (89 of 127) reported using the portal, and 85.4% (76 of 89) found it useful. Reasons for accessing the portal included checking appointments and reviewing test results. Lack of knowledge of portal functionality was the main barrier to portal use (42.1%). Portal users were less likely to have a no-show to primary care appointments compared with nonusers (44.9% versus 78.9%, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Portal activation rates increased after QI interventions in the nursery. Most parents accessed the portal and found it useful. Portals can improve health care delivery and patient engagement in the newborn period.
Book Reviews
Authors: Field Michele 
Published: June 2024

Is Food The New Sex? Mary Eberstadt Hoover Institution Policy Review | no. 153 | Feb-Mar 2009 | also: www.hoover.org:80/publications/policyreview/38245724
Globesity. A Planet Out of Control? Francis Delpeuch et al Earthspan | 2009 | 180pp| £17.99
The Vital Ingredient Royal Society of Chemistry | 2009 | 88pp | www.rsc.org
Fighting the Banana Wars and Other Fairtrade Battles Harriet Lamb Rider | 2008 | 246pp | £8.99
The Dining Nobility. From the Burgundian Dukes to the Belgian Royalty P. Janssens and S. Zeischka, eds Brussels University Press | 2008 | 266pp. | 39.95 euros
Bite Me. Food in Popular Culture Fabio Parasecoli Berg | 2008 | 168p | £55.00/£16.99
Eating India Chitrita Banerji Bloomsbury | 2008 | 266p | £8.99
Eat Love Marije Vogelzang BIS Publishers Amsterdam | 2008 | 160pp | £32.50
Let Them Eat Junk Robert Albritton Pluto Press | 2009 | 259p | £17.99
The Spaghetti Tree Alasdair Scott Sutherland Primavera | 2009 | 255p | £14.99
Sushi and Beyond: What the Japanese Know about Cooking Michael Booth Cape | 2009 | 329pp | £12.99
Feeding the Whole World Louise Fresco TED broadcast http://www.ted.com
‘Go Ahead. Spoil My Appetite’ Geoff Nicolson NY Times Sunday Book Review | 3 May 2009 | p.23 | also online
Agriculture in Urban Planning Edited by Mark Redwood Earthscan | 2009 | 248pp | £65
Why the Chinese Don’t Count Calories Lorraine Clissold Constable | 2008 | 223pp | £8.99
The Wild Life: A Year of Living on Wild Food John Lewis-Stempel Doubleday | 2009 | 293pp | £16.99
Food: The Key Concepts Warren Belasco Berg | 2008 | 158pp | £14.99
Waste: Uncovering the Global Food Scandal Tristram Stuart Penguin | 2009 | 451pp | £9.99
Street Food www.youtube.com 2008-2009 | free
Bad Science Ben Goldacre Harpers | 2008 | 370pp | £8.99
Shoot the Cook David Pritchard Fourth Estate | 2009 | 266pp | £16.99
TvTropes www.tvtropes.org
Scientific and Gastronomic Lexicon Harold McGee, introduction Alicia Foundation, Alicante | 2009 | www.worldsofflavorspain.com/food-and-technology
‘Spider Plant’ at Try African Food www.try-african-food.com
PROBLEMS OF IMPROVING THE FEDERAL STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA
Authors: Бевзюк П.И. , Бевзюк С.А. 
Published: June 2024

Исследование проблемных аспектов нормативно-правового регулирования федеративного устройства страны является крайне актуальным, поскольку форма государственного правления в России по историческим меркам имеет сравнительно небольшой срок, чтобы успеть окончательно выработать правильную модель правового регулирования организации публичной власти в субъектах федерации и их взаимоотношений с федеральным центром. Необходимостью постоянно совершенствовать федеративную систему государства объясняется живой непрекращающийся интерес отечественных правоведов к этой теме. На основе использования общенаучных методов исследования, таких как анализ и синтез, дедукция и индукция, метод классификаций, были выявлены исторические предпосылки формирования федеративного устройства в России, рассмотрены современные проблемы ныне существующей формы государственного правления. При работе с нормативно-правовыми актами использовался формально-юридический метод, а благодаря сравнительно-правовому методу удалось сопоставить российское законодательство и законодательство зарубежных стран. В исследовании применялось сочетание различных методов, что позволило рассмотреть проблемы, связанные с двумя аспектами федеративного устройства России – территориальным и национальным, и сформулировать предложения по их решению посредством совершенствования законодательства.
Studying the problematic aspects of the legal regulation of the country’s federal structure is extremely relevant, because, by historical standards, the form of government in Russia, has a relatively short period of time to finally develop the correct model of legal regulation of the organization of public power in the constituent entities of the federation and their relationship with the federal center. The need to constantly improve the federal system of the state explains the ongoing interest of domestic legal scholars in this topic. Using the general scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, and the classification method, the historical prerequisites for the formation of a federal structure in Russia are identified, and the modern problems of the current form of government are considered. The formal-legal method was used in working with normative-legal acts, and due to the comparative-legal method it was possible to compare the Russian legislation and the legislation of foreign countries. The study used a combination of methods to address the problems associated with two aspects of the federal structure of Russia – territorial and national. The proposals were formulated for solving them by improving the legislation.
SOCIO-LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE ALLOCATION OF SPECIAL TYPES OF FRAUD TO A SEPARATE CRIME
Authors: Свешников А.В. 
Published: June 2024

На современном этапе развития российского уголовного права выделение специальных видов мошенничества в отдельный состав преступления обусловлено негативной динамикой преступлений, относящихся к мошенничеству, глобальными происшествиями, трансформирующими социальную сферу, цифровизацией социально-экономической среды и возникновением новых видов мошенничества, усложнением схем мошенничества на фоне развития социально-экономических институтов, наличием этических дилемм в законодательной и правоприменительной практике уголовной сферы. В статье рассмотрены социально-правовые аспекты, позволяющие выделить специальные виды мошенничества в отдельный состав преступления.
At the present stage of development of Russian criminal law, the separation of special types of fraud into a separate crime is due to the negative dynamics of crimes related to fraud; global events transforming the social sphere; digitalization of the socio-economic environment and the emergence of new types of fraud; the complication of fraud schemes against the backdrop of the development of socio-economic institutions; the presence of ethical dilemmas in legislative and law enforcement practice in the criminal sphere.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING ELDERLY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Susanto Joko , Rukanah Rukanah , Iswatun Iswatun 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: A high Body Mass Index (BMI) is known to be associated with mortality and morbidity in the elderly. However, other studies also show the opposite results regarding high BMI as a protector against Activity Daily Living (ADL). Accurate quantification of the role of BMI in the incidence of disability in ADL. Given the increasing prevalence of overweight and obese individuals and the long life spans in the population. This study aims to determine the relationship between Body Mass Index and Daily Life Activities in population-based elderly people. Methods: The method used in this research is a cross-sectional observational study conducted on 167 respondents from rural areas in the Lamongan Regency, using a consecutive sampling approach. BMI scores and the Barthel Index were recorded among respondents. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: A total of 167 respondents came from rural areas in Lamongan Regency, dominated by 96 (57.5%) women and 71 (42.5%) men. The Spearman Test results found a weak and significant positive correlation between body weight and daily activities (r= 0.167; p<0.05). Apart from that, a significant weak positive correlation was also found between BMI and ADL (r= 0.157; p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study show that increasing the BMI value has a protective effect on ADL, so it can be concluded that higher body weight and BMI are associated with increasing Barthel ADL scores.