bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of a favorable outcome of physiotherapy in fecal incontinence: Secondary analysis of a randomized trial
Authors: Bols Esther , Hendriks Erik , de Bie Rob , Baeten Cor , Berghmans Bary 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAimsIt is unclear which patients with fecal incontinence (FI) are likely to benefit from physiotherapy treatment, which is relevant for medical decision making and patient counseling. This study aimed to identify patient characteristics predicting a favorable outcome of physiotherapy.MethodsEighty patients with FI, with a mean age of 59.3 (SD ± 11.9), were recruited at the Maastricht University Medical Centre and enrolled in a randomized controlled trial, which assessed the effect of adding rectal balloon training to pelvic floor muscle training. Treatment groups were combined for prediction modeling. Candidate predictors were obtained from demographics, medical history, physical examination, baseline tests, questionnaires, and physiotherapy diagnostics. Favorable outcome was defined as a combination of: (i) Vaizey score reduction ≥5 points, and (ii) “slightly” to “very much improved” on the nine‐point global perceived effect score. Predictors were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThirty‐seven patients (46.3%) had a favorable outcome. Multivariable analysis showed that longer time since FI onset appeared to be associated with an unfavorable outcome (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47–1.00; P = 0.05), whereas the use of constipating medication (OR, 3.79; CI, 0.99–14.51; P = 0.05), any obstetric factor (OR, 2.15; CI, 0.94–4.89; P = 0.07), and experiencing minor embarrassment (OR, 2.12; CI, 1.10–4.09; P = 0.03) predicted a favorable outcome.ConclusionsThe small subset of identified predictors for a favorable outcome may be relevant in patient counseling and targeting physiotherapy treatment more efficiently, especially as they are available early in the diagnostic process. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:1156–1160, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uniform convergence of the legendre spectral method for the Zakharov equations
Authors: Ji Yuanyuan , Ma Heping 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Legendre spectral and pseudospectral approximations are proposed for the standard Zakharov equations with initial boundary conditions. Optimal H1 error estimate of the method is given for both semidiscrete and fully discrete schemes. The uniform convergence for the parameter ε relative to the acoustic speed is proved. Moreover, the multidomain Legendre spectral scheme is also constructed, which can be implemented in parallel. Finally, numerical results in single domain and multidomain verify the high accuracy of the Legendre spectral method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2013
The roles of microRNAs in sarcomas
Authors: Drury Ruth , Verghese Eldo T , Hughes Thomas A 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMicroRNAs are a class of small regulatory RNAs that influence the stabilities and translational efficiencies of target mRNAs. They have been implicated in an increasing number of biological processes, including carcinogenesis. A huge body of literature exists documenting up‐ or down‐regulation of specific microRNAs during carcinogenesis and identifying molecular pathways by which these microRNAs influence every aspect of cancer development, including proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. These studies have provided many insights into basic cancer biology as well as allowing identification of novel biomarkers and potential drug targets. However, the vast bulk of this literature concerns solid epithelial tumours, while sarcomas remain relatively under‐studied. The purpose of this article is to review the roles of microRNAs in sarcomas and to highlight microRNAs or related molecular pathways that demonstrate consistent roles within individual or across sarcoma subtypes, with a view to identifying the key regulatory molecules. Further insights into sarcoma biology may be particularly valuable since sarcomas represent a tumour group with a particularly poor prognosis and rather limited treatment options. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood predictors of antipsychotic use among young people in Finland
Authors: Gyllenberg David , Sourander Andre , Helenius Hans , Sillanmäki Lauri , Huttunen Jukka , Piha Jorma , Kumpulainen Kirsti , Tamminen Tuula , Moilanen Irma , Almqvist Fredrik 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveInformation on who uses antipsychotic medication is limited to cross‐sectional data. The objective of this study was to study the patterns of psychopathology at age 8 years and antipsychotic use between the ages of 12 and 25 years.MethodsA total of 5525 subjects from the Finnish Nationwide 1981 birth cohort were linked to the National Prescription Register and the Hospital Discharge Register between 1994 and 2005. Information about parent‐reported and teacher‐reported conduct, hyperkinetic and emotional symptoms, and self‐reported depressive symptoms was gathered at age 8 years. Information about antipsychotic use and about psychiatric disorders treated in hospitals between the ages of 12 and 25 years was register based. Diagnostic classes of hospital treatment included non‐affective psychoses, affective disorders, and other psychiatric disorders.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of antipsychotic use by age 25 years was 2.8% among men (n = 69) and 2.1% among women (n = 55). In both sexes, living with other than two biological parents at age 8 years was associated with antipsychotic use, and three fourths of antipsychotic users had been treated for psychiatric disorders in a hospital. Among men, the most common hospital diagnosis was non‐affective psychoses (44% of all antipsychotic users), and antipsychotic use was associated with childhood conduct problems. Among women, the most common hospital diagnosis was affective disorders (38% of all antipsychotic users), and antipsychotic use was associated with emotional problems and self‐reported depressive symptoms in childhood.ConclusionsAntipsychotic use in adolescence and young adulthood is different among men versus women both with regard to hospital diagnoses and childhood psychiatric problems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Size control of phase‐separated liquid crystal droplets in a polymer matrix based on the phase diagram
Authors: Ohta Seiichi , Inasawa Susumu , Yamaguchi Yukio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWhen a mixture of liquid crystal (LC) and photo reactive monomer is irradiated by UV light, polymerization occurs and LC droplets form through phase separation, producing polymer dispersed LCs (PDLCs). Although size control of LC droplets and reduced amounts of LC in PDLC films are important in applications, precise size control of LC droplets at a low LC fraction has not yet been accomplished. In this study, the phase diagrams of the LC/initial monomer and the LC/polymer during polymerization were used to control LC droplet size at various LC fractions. Both the relative position of the sample in the initial phase diagram and the shift of the phase separation line during polymerization were shown to be important in determining the size of LC droplets. Our results are expected to provide a new strategy for precise size control of LC droplets especially at a low LC fraction range, which would be a great help for PDLC applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Spray Formation in a Twin‐Fluid Internally Mixed Atomizer with Tangential Air Intake
Authors: Yadav Nagendra P. , Kushari Abhijit 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis paper describes an experimental study of the behaviour of spray structure in an internally mixed, twin – fluid atomizer in which air was introduced tangentially into the liquid stream inside the atomizer. The atomization in such atomizers is perceived to be strongly influenced by the mass flow ratio of atomizing gas (air) and the liquid (water). The order of magnitude of the ALR (Air‐liquid mass flow ratio), for which the study was conducted, ranged from 0.0277 to 0.623. A PDPA (Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) was used to study the spray formation process. The behaviour of the spray was studied by velocity and Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) variations at a plane normal to the spray axis as well as along the flow direction of the atomizer. It was observed that the mass flow rate of the liquid deceases with an increase in air pressure while it increases with liquid pressure. The droplet diameter decreases with an increase in ALR for a given liquid supply pressure but sprays having droplet SMD of less than 60 μm at the centerline of the spray was produced at relatively lower ALR (i.e., 0.1). The variation demonstrated by the atomizer in this study makes it flexible to be used for various commercial applications, as the atomizer is capable of providing a wide range of spray patterns depending upon the application requirement.
Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi and a nematode against the soil‐dwelling stages of the crane fly Tipula paludosa
Authors: Ansari Minshad A , Butt Tariq M 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Larvae of the crane fly Tipula paludosa (Diptera: Nematocera) are economically important pests of grasslands, nurseries and organically grown crops. This study was conducted to evaluate several entomopathogenic fungal strains, the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and the organophosphate insecticide Dursban WG (75% chlorpyrifos) against larval stages of T. paludosa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions.RESULTS: Metarhizium robertsii strain V1005 was the most virulent, causing 100% larval mortality 4 weeks post‐inoculation. Eight other M. robertsii strains and M. brunneum (ARSEF 3297) caused mortality ranging between 0 and 60%, whereas strains of Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea and Lecanicillium longisporum were non‐pathogenic to T. paludosa. In greenhouse tests, medium (2 × 1014 conidia ha−1) and high (2 × 1016 conidia ha−1) concentrations of V1005 gave higher larval mortalities (90 and 100%) than lower (2 × 1013 conidia ha−1) concentrations (52 and 78%) at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment respectively. Dursban WG gave 100% larval mortality 4 weeks after treatment; H. bacteriophora UWS1 caused 28 and 65% mortality 4 and 8 weeks after treatment respectively.CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that M. robertsii V1005 has considerable potential for the control of T. paludosa, thereby reducing the use of chemical insecticides. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of multichannel quartz crystal microbalances for MIP‐based biosensing
Authors: Croux Dieter , Weustenraed Ans , Pobedinskas Paulius , Horemans Frederik , Diliën Hanne , Haenen Ken , Cleij Thomas , Wagner Patrick , Thoelen Ronald , De Ceuninck Ward 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMolecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) offer a huge potential in the development of cheap small‐scale disposable biomimetic sensors. They are suited for a wide variety of biological targets and are compatible with many different measurement techniques such as gravimetric sensing and impedance spectroscopy. One potential sensor platform for MIP‐based biosensors is the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). A 4‐channel MIP/non‐imprinted polymer (NIP) coated QCM biosensor array was developed on a single piece of quartz crystal. To study cross‐channel frequency coupling of the resonance modes, a simulation of crystal designs using finite element analysis (FEA) modeling was created. Based on these simulations and using reactive ion etching (RIE) to create mesa‐like structures on the crystal surface, crosstalk can be severely reduced. The improved functionality compared to the traditional QCMs was demonstrated by employing these mesa‐type multichannel QCM (MQCM) crystals as an L‐nicotine biosensor platform.
Microfluidic chip with integrated microvalves based on temperature‐ and pH‐responsive hydrogel thin films
Authors: Bäcker M. , Raue M. , Schusser S. , Jeitner C. , Breuer L. , Wagner P. , Poghossian A. , Förster A. , Mang T. , Schöning M. J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTwo types of microvalves based on temperature‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and pH‐responsive poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA) hydrogel films have been developed and tested. The PNIPAAm and PSA hydrogel films were prepared by means of in situ photopolymerization directly inside the fluidic channel of a microfluidic chip fabricated by combining Si and SU‐8 technologies. The swelling/shrinking properties and height changes of the PNIPAAm and PSA films inside the fluidic channel were studied at temperatures of deionized water from 14 to 36 °C and different pH values (pH 3–12) of Titrisol buffer, respectively. Additionally, in separate experiments, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PNIPAAm hydrogel was investigated by means of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method. Mass‐flow measurements have shown the feasibility of the prepared hydrogel films to work as an on‐chip integrated temperature‐ or pH‐responsive microvalve capable to switch the flow channel on/off.
Low‐temperature spin transport in the S = 1 one‐ and two‐dimensional antiferromagnets with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Lima L. S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe present a study of the spin transport at low‐temperature in the quantum S = 1 one‐ and two‐dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet with the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DM). The spin conductivity is calculated using the Schwinger boson representation and the Kubo formalism of transport in the one‐dimensional case and using the self‐consistent harmonic approximation and the Kubo formalism in the two‐dimensional case. The objective is to determine the regular part of the spin conductivity and the Drude weight DS. This determines if the spin transport has a ballistic or diffusive character. We calculate the regular part of the spin conductivity, σreg(ω), as function of the frequency at T = 0 only and the Drude weight at zero and finite temperatures. We obtained that the spin transport is governed by the multimagnon processes in all cases analyzed since the symmetry of the isotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnetic model is broken with the addition of the DM term.
Organic photovoltaics with high stability sustained for 100 days without encapsulation fabricated using atomic layer deposition
Authors: Park Sun‐Young , Seo Hyun Ook , Kim Kwang‐Dae , Lee Jung Eun , Kwon Jung‐Dae , Kim Young Dok , Lim Dong Chan 
Published: April 2012

AbstractZnO thin films with a rippled surface structure were used as electron‐collecting layers of inverted organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Using additional ultrathin layers of ZnO and TiO2 fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD), not only the power‐conversion efficiency of the OPVs could be increased (up to 3.5%), but also the photovoltaic performance became nearly constant within 100 days without any additional encapsulations of the solar cells under ambient conditions.magnified image(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Static and dynamic first hyperpolarizabilities from time‐dependent auxiliary density perturbation theory
Authors: Carmona‐Espíndola Javier , Flores‐Moreno Roberto , Köster Andreas M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA new approach for the calculation of static and dynamic hyperpolarizabilities in the framework of auxiliary density perturbation theory is derived. It takes advantage of the Wigner's 2n+1 rule. As a byproduct dynamic quadratic response equations are obtained. Even though the final equations are similar to other approaches they present subtle differences due to their rooting in auxiliary density functional theory. The numerical stability and accuracy of the new approach is validated with respect to other theoretical and experimental results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational studies on the injection, transport, absorption, and phosphoresce properties of a series of cationic iridium (III) complexes [Ir(C∧N)2(L)2]+ (C∧N = ppy, tpy, dfppy, bzq)
Authors: Zhang Ting‐Ting , Qi Xiao‐Xia , Jia Jianfeng , Wu Hai‐Shun 
Published: April 2012

AbstractQuantum chemistry methods are applied to investigate the electronic structures, injection and transport properties, absorption and phosphorescence mechanism of a series of Iridium (III) complexes [Ir(C∧N)2(L)2]+ (L = 4‐pyCO2Et; C∧N = 2‐phenylpyridine, 1; 2‐(4‐tolyl)pyridine, 2; 2‐(4,6‐difluorophenyl)pyridimato, 3; benzoquinoline, 4), which may be used as emitters on organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Calculations of ionization potentials and electron affinities are used to evaluate the injection abilities of holes and electrons into these complexes. The reorganization energy (λ) calculations show that the four complexes are suitable as emitters in OLEDs. The absorptions and emissions can be tuned by adding substituent to the ppy ligand or extending the π‐conjugation effect of the C∧N ligand, and quantum yields of 1–4 are investigated. In addition, no solvent effect is observed in the absorption and emission spectra. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for low rectal cancer
Authors: Alimoglu O. , Atak I. , Kilic A. , Caliskan M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis article reports on patients with low rectal cancer treated with robot‐assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection.MethodsRobot‐assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection was performed on seven patients in the General Surgery Clinic of Umraniye Training and Research Hospital between 2010 and 2011 by performing abdominal and perineal skin incisions using the same technique. Gender, age of the patients, intraoperative and postoperative complications, morbidity and mortality were evaluated.ResultsFive of the patients were male and two of them were female. Mean age was 59.2 years. All of the procedures were completed robotically. No intraoperative complication occurred, whereas urinary bladder dysfunction (n = 1) and chylous ascites (n = 1), treated conservatively, developed in the postoperative period. On histopathological examination, surgical and circumferential margins were found to be negative in all specimens. Early recurrence was not found on postoperative follow‐up.ConclusionRobot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery can be performed safely in narrow and deep anatomical areas, such as the pelvis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Left and right convergence of graphs with bounded degree
Authors: Borgs Christian , Chayes Jennifer , Kahn Jeff , Lovász László 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe theory of convergent graph sequences has been worked out in two extreme cases, dense graphs and bounded degree graphs. One can define convergence in terms of counting homomorphisms from fixed graphs into members of the sequence (left‐convergence), or counting homomorphisms into fixed graphs (right‐convergence). Under appropriate conditions, these two ways of defining convergence was proved to be equivalent in the dense case by Borgs, Chayes, Lovász, Sós and Vesztergombi. In this paper a similar equivalence is established in the bounded degree case, if the set of graphs in the definition of right‐convergence is appropriately restricted.In terms of statistical physics, the implication that left convergence implies right convergence means that for a left‐convergent sequence, partition functions of a large class of statistical physics models converge. The proof relies on techniques from statistical physics, like cluster expansion and Dobrushin Uniqueness. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. 2012
Organizational structure as a determinant of performance: Evidence from mutual funds
Authors: Csaszar Felipe A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article develops and tests a model of how organizational structure influences organizational performance. Organizational structure, conceptualized as the decision‐making structure among a group of individuals, is shown to affect the number of initiatives pursued by organizations and the omission and commission errors (Type I and II errors, respectively) made by organizations. The empirical setting is more than 150,000 stock‐picking decisions made by 609 mutual funds. Mutual funds offer an ideal and rare setting to test the theory, since there are detailed records on the projects they face, the decisions they make, and the outcomes of these decisions. The study's independent variable, organizational structure, is coded based on fund management descriptions made by Morningstar, and estimates of the omission and commission errors are computed by a novel technique that uses bootstrapping to create measures that are comparable across funds. The findings suggest that organizational structure has relevant and predictable effects on a wide range of organizations. In particular, the article shows empirically that increasing the consensus threshold required by a committee in charge of selecting projects leads to more omission errors, fewer commission errors, and fewer approved projects. Applications include designing organizations that achieve a given mix of exploration and exploitation, as well as predicting the consequences of centralization and decentralization. This work constitutes the first large‐sample empirical test of the model by Sah and Stiglitz (1986). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Architecture, attention, and adaptation in the multibusiness firm: General electric from 1951 to 2001
Authors: Joseph John , Ocasio William 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this study, we analyze how the organizational architecture of a multibusiness firm affects the adaptation of its constituent business units. Using an inductive analysis of GE's governance system from 1951 to 2001, we examine how the integration of corporate and business unit attention occurs within and across the firm's governance channels. Our theory identifies an unexplored aspect of the M‐form's architecture: collective vertical interactions between the corporate office and business units through cross‐level channels. Overall, we articulate three types of channel integration—cross‐level, cross‐functional, and channel coupling—and examine their effects on responsiveness to threats and opportunities. We find that despite an elaborate organizational architecture, there were periods when GE's governance system did not allow for coordination of corporate and business unit agendas. Our theory proposes that the temporal coupling of specialized, cross‐level channels creates an organizational architecture that is both differentiated and integrated. This architecture integrates levels and issues simultaneously, yet focuses attention sequentially, providing more effective conditions for joint attention and coordination between the corporation office and the business unit and adaptive change at the business unit level. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐organization design: Rethinking design in interorganizational and community contexts
Authors: Gulati Ranjay , Puranam Phanish , Tushman Michael 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis article provides conceptual foundations for analyzing organizations comprising multiple legally autonomous entities, which we call meta‐organizations. We assess the antecedents of the emergence of such collectives and the design choices they entail. The article identifies key parameters on which such meta‐organizations' designs differ from each other. It also presents a taxonomy that elucidates how such forms of collective action vary and the constraints they must address to be successful. We conclude with implications for research on meta‐organizational design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.