bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sport-Related Kidney Injury Among High School Athletes
Authors: Grinsell Matthew M. , Butz Kirsten , Gurka Matthew J. , Gurka Kelly K. , Norwood Victoria 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends a “qualified yes” for participation by athletes with single kidneys in contact/collision sports. Despite this recommendation, most physicians continue to discourage participation in contact/collision sports for patients with single kidneys. A major concern is the lack of prospective data quantifying the incidence of sport-related kidney injury. The objective was to quantify the incidence of sport-related kidney injury among high school varsity athletes and compare it with sport-related injuries of other organ systems.METHODS:Data from the National Athletic Trainers’ Association High School Injury Surveillance Study, an observational cohort study collected during the 1995–1997 academic years, were used. Incidence rates for sport-specific injuries to select organs were computed and compared.RESULTS:Over 4.4 million athlete-exposures, defined as 1 athlete participating in 1 game or practice, and 23 666 injuries were reported. Eighteen kidney injuries, none of which were catastrophic or required surgery, were reported compared with 3450 knee, 2069 head/neck/spine, 1219 mild traumatic brain, 148 eye, and 17 testicle injuries. Student athletes incurring kidney injuries were most often playing football (12 injuries) or girls’ soccer (2 injuries). Sport-specific rates of kidney injury were significantly lower than sport-specific rates of mild traumatic brain, head/neck/spine, and knee injuries for all sports as well as rates of baseball- and basketball-specific eye injuries (P &lt; .01).CONCLUSIONS:Kidney injuries occur significantly less often than other injuries during sport. These data do not support limiting sport participation by athletes with single kidneys.
Chronic Disabling Fatigue at Age 13 and Association With Family Adversity
Authors: Crawley Esther , Hughes Rachael , Northstone Kate , Tilling Kate , Emond Alan , Sterne Jonathan A.C. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVES:
1) Estimate the prevalence of chronic disabling fatigue at age 13, and 2) investigate associations with early family adversity, using a population-based birth cohort study.

METHODS:
The subjects were 10 001 children, of whom 5657 had sufficient data to define chronic disabling fatigue at age 13. Chronic disabling fatigue was defined as tiredness reported by mothers that had lasted for ≥3 months or ≥6 months, was disabling (school absence or prevented participation in hobbies/sport/leisure activities “quite a lot” or a “great deal”), and not due to another cause. Family adversity was defined by using 14 questions addressing housing, education, social relationships, and maternal health assessed prospectively at birth. We used multiple imputation to correct estimates of prevalence and association for loss to follow-up.

RESULTS:
Overall, 1995 teenagers had been tired for the last month, of whom 117 and 53 had chronic disabling fatigue of ≥3 and ≥6 months’ duration, respectively. The estimated prevalence of chronic disabling fatigue of ≥3 and ≥6 months’ duration was 2.07% and 0.94%, respectively, but increased to 2.44% and 1.30%, respectively, after imputing missing data. Prevalence was similar in boys and girls. The risk of chronic disabling fatigue increased with family adversity score (odds ratios: 1.25 [95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.43] and 1.23 [1.01, 1.51] for ≥3 and ≥6 months’ duration, respectively). Only 36 (30.77%) children with chronic disabling fatigue had consulted a doctor about their fatigue.

CONCLUSIONS:
Chronic disabling fatigue is more common in families who experienced early family adversity and is often not reported to health care services.
Speciation of arsenic metabolites in the free-living mouse Mus spretus from Doñana National Park used as a bio-indicator for environmental pollution monitoring
Authors: García-Sevillano Miguel , González-Fernández Macarena , Jara-Biedma Rocío , García-Barrera Tamara , Vioque-Fernández Amalia , López-Barea Juan , Pueyo Carmen , Gómez-Ariza José 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA speciation approach based on orthogonal chromatographic systems coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to characterise the biological response of free-living mice Mus spretus to environmental pollution caused by arsenic in different areas of the Doñana National Park (south-west Spain). The relative presence of inorganic and organic forms of arsenic was studied in cytosolic extracts from high metabolic activity organs of Mus spretus mice: kidneys, liver, and brain. An instrumental coupling of size-exclusion chromatography with UV and collision/reaction cell-ICP-MS detectors (SEC-UV-ICP-ORC-MS) both in analytical and preparative scale was used for this purpose. The results showed the presence of low molecular mass (LMM) molecules linked to arsenic in these tissues especially in the kidneys, where the presence of these arsenic metabolites was higher. On the other hand, the presence of these arsenicals varied from one area to the other, which can be related to a different occurrence of contaminants. These low molecular mass fractions were collected by preparative SEC chromatography for later study with ion exchange chromatography and detection by ICP-ORC-MS, using both anionic and cationic columns. The results showed the higher presence of MMA and DMA in kidneys of mice caught in contaminated areas and the existence of small amounts of unidentified arsenicals when cation-exchange chromatography was used, which could be related to the presence of dimethylarsinoylethanol (DMAE), thioarsenic species, or arsenocholine (AsC).
Development of microsatellite markers for the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Qian Meiling , Li Gengyun , Tang Shaoqing , Ou Xiaokun , Lin Yanfang , Yin Jinchao , van Klinken Rieks D. , Geng Yu‐Peng 
Published: June 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Parthenium hysterophorus to investigate its genetic structure and genetic diversity.• Methods and Results: Using the combined biotin capture method, 15 microsatellite primer sets were isolated and characterized. All markers showed polymorphism, and the number of alleles per locus ranged from two to nine across 60 individuals from two populations. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.117 to 0.750 and from 0.182 to 0.835, respectively.• Conclusions: These markers will be useful for investigating the invasion history of this weed globally and to help characterize its invasiveness.
NK1.1+ Cells and IL-22 Regulate Vaccine-Induced Protective Immunity against Challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Dhiman Rohan , Periasamy Sivakumar , Barnes Peter F. , Jaiswal Ankita Garg , Paidipally Padmaja , Barnes Amanda B. , Tvinnereim Amy , Vankayalapati Ramakrishna 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We previously found that human NK cells lyse Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected monocytes and alveolar macrophages and upregulate CD8+ T cell responses. We also found that human NK cells produce IL-22, which inhibits intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis, and that NK cells lyse M. tuberculosis-expanded CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs). To determine the role of NK cells during the protective immune response to vaccination in vivo, we studied the NK cell and T cell responses in a mouse model of vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), followed by challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis H37Rv. BCG vaccination enhanced the number of IFN-γ–producing and IL-22–producing NK cells. Depletion of NK1.1+ cells at the time of BCG vaccination increased the number of immunosuppressive Tregs (CD4+CD25hi, 95% Foxp3+) after challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv, and NK1.1+ cells lysed expanded but not natural Tregs in BCG-vaccinated mice. Depletion of NK1.1+ cells at the time of BCG vaccination also increased the bacillary burden and reduced T cell responses after challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. IL-22 at the time of vaccination reversed these effects and enhanced Ag-specific CD4+ cell responses in BCG-vaccinated mice after challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Our study provides evidence that NK1.1+ cells and IL-22 contribute to the efficacy of vaccination against microbial challenge.
Innate IFN-γ Is Essential for Programmed Death Ligand-1–Mediated T Cell Stimulation following Listeria monocytogenes Infection
Authors: Rowe Jared H. , Ertelt James M. , Way Sing Sing 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Although best characterized for sustaining T cell exhaustion during persistent viral infection, programmed death ligand-1 (PDL-1) also stimulates the expansion of protective T cells after infection with intracellular bacterial pathogens. Therefore, establishing the molecular signals that control whether PDL-1 stimulates immune suppression or activation is important as immune modulation therapies based on manipulating PDL-1 are being developed. In this study, the requirement for PDL-1 blockade initiated before infection with the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes in reducing pathogen-specific T cell expansion is demonstrated. In turn, the role of proinflammatory cytokines triggered early after L. monocytogenes infection in controlling PDL-1–mediated T cell stimulation was investigated using mice with targeted defects in specific cytokines or cytokine receptors. These experiments illustrate an essential role for IL-12 or type I IFNs in PDL-1–mediated expansion of pathogen-specific CD8+ T cells. Unexpectedly, direct stimulation by neither IL-12 nor type I IFNs on pathogen-specific CD8+ cells was essential for PDL-1–mediated expansion. Instead, the absence of early innate IFN-γ production in mice with combined defects in both IL-12 and type I IFNR negated the impacts of PDL-1 blockade. In turn, IFN-γ ablation using neutralizing Abs or in mice with targeted defects in IFN-γR each eliminated the PDL-1–mediated stimulatory impacts on pathogen-specific T cell expansion. Thus, innate IFN-γ is essential for PDL-1–mediated T cell stimulation.
Transient Low-Dose Methotrexate Induces Tolerance to Murine Anti-Thymocyte Globulin and Together They Promote Long-Term Allograft Survival
Authors: Joseph Alexandra , Neff Kathleen , Richard Julie , Gao Lan , Bangari Dinesh , Joly Marguerite , Culm-Merdek Kerry , Garman Richard , Williams John , Richards Susan , Ruzek Melanie 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (Thymoglobulin) effectively treats transplant rejection but induces anti-rabbit Ab responses, which limits routine readministration. Aiming to tolerize anti-rabbit responses, we coadministered a brief methotrexate regimen with a murine version of Thymoglobulin (mATG) for effects on anti-mATG Abs and cardiac allotransplantation in mice. Although both single and three courses of methotrexate could significantly inhibit anti-drug Ab titers to repeated mATG treatment, surprisingly, the single course given at the first mATG administration was most effective (&gt;99% reduction). The transient methotrexate treatment also significantly improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of repeated mATG administration. In the cardiac allograft model, the combination of transient mATG and methotrexate given only at the time of transplant dramatically improved allograft survival (&gt;100 d) over either agent alone (&lt;30 d). Anti-drug Ab titers were reduced and mATG exposure was increased which resulted in prolonged rather than enhanced mATG-mediated effects when combined with methotrexate. Moreover, methotrexate administration significantly reduced alloantibodies, suggesting that methotrexate not only decreases anti-drug Ab responses but also reduces Ab responses to multiple tissue-derived alloantigens simultaneously. These data suggest that mATG and methotrexate together can provide long-term allograft survival potentially through the induction of immune tolerance.
The T Cell Response to IL-10 Alters Cellular Dynamics and Paradoxically Promotes Central Nervous System Autoimmunity
Authors: Liu Xin , Alli Rajshekhar , Steeves Meredith , Nguyen Phuong , Vogel Peter , Geiger Terrence L. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
IL-10 is a critical anti-inflammatory cytokine, the deficiency of which leads to spontaneous autoimmunity. However, therapeutically administered or ectopically expressed IL-10 can either suppress or promote disease. Distinct lineage-specific activities may explain the contradictory effects of IL-10. To dissect the T cell-specific response to IL-10 during organ-specific autoimmunity, we generated mice with a selective deletion of IL-10Rα in T cells and analyzed its effects in an autoimmune model, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Surprisingly, the T cell response to IL-10 increased EAE severity. This did not result from altered T cell functional potential; T cell cytokine profile was preserved. IL-10 also diminished the proliferation of T cells in situ within the target organ, an effect that would be expected to restrain disease. However, IL-10 acted cell autonomously to sustain the autoreactive T cells essential for immunopathogenesis, promoting their accumulation and distorting the regulatory and effector T cell balance. Indeed, in chimeric mice and after adoptive transfer, wild type T cells showed a competitive advantage over cells deficient in IL-10Rα. Therefore, T cell specific actions of IL-10 can support autoimmune inflammation, and this appears to result from an overall increase in the long term fitness of pathologic T cells. Lineage-restricted, disease-promoting activities of IL-10 should be considered in the therapeutic manipulation of the IL-10 pathway.
TNFR-Associated Factor 2 Deficiency in B Lymphocytes Predisposes to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma in Mice
Authors: Pérez-Chacón Gema , Llobet David , Pardo Constanza , Pindado José , Choi Yongwon , Reed John C. , Zapata Juan M. 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
We have previously shown that transgenic (tg) mice expressing in B lymphocytes both BCL-2 and a TNFR-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) mutant lacking the really interesting new gene and zinc finger domains (TRAF2DN) develop small lymphocytic lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia with high incidence (Zapata et al. 2004. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 16600–16605). Further analysis of the expression of TRAF2 and TRAF2DN in purified B cells demonstrated that expression of both endogenous TRAF2 and tg TRAF2DN was negligible in Traf2DN-tg B cells compared with wild-type mice. This was the result of proteasome-dependent degradation, and rendered TRAF2DN B cells as bona fide TRAF2-deficient B cells. Similar to B cells with targeted Traf2 deletion, Traf2DN-tg mice show expanded marginal zone B cell population and have constitutive p100 NF-κB2 processing. Also, TRAF3, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and Bcl-XL expression levels were increased, whereas cellular inhibitors of apoptosis 1 and 2 levels were drastically reduced compared with those found in wild-type B cells. Moreover, consistent with previous results, we also show that TRAF2 was required for efficient JNK and ERK activation in response to CD40 engagement. However, TRAF2 was deleterious for BCR-mediated activation of these kinases. In contrast, TRAF2 deficiency had no effect on CD40-mediated p38 MAPK activation but significantly reduced BCR-mediated p38 activation. Finally, we further confirm that TRAF2 was required for CD40-mediated proliferation, but its absence relieved B cells of the need for B cell activating factor for survival. Altogether, our results suggest that TRAF2 deficiency cooperates with BCL-2 in promoting chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma in mice, possibly by specifically enforcing marginal zone B cell accumulation, increasing X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis expression, and rendering B cells independent of B cell activating factor for survival.
Intramolecular Base‐Free Sonogashira Reaction for the Synthesis of Benzannulated Chiral Macrocycles Embedded in Carbohydrate Templates
Authors: Hussain Altaf , Yousuf Syed Khalid , Kumar Deepak , Lambu Malikharjunarao , Singh Baldev , Maity Sudip , Mukherjee Debaraj 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA base‐free, intramolecular Sonogashira reaction‐based general approach has been established for the diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS) of fused bi‐ and tricyclic systems containing benzannulated, 10‐ to 13‐membered chiral macrocycles embedded in carbohydrate templates. Macrocycles with different ring sizes have been prepared by pre‐designing the chiral building blocks. Base‐sensitive groups like acetyl and TBDPS survived the reaction conditions.
A revised method of sexing the human innominate using Phenice's nonmetric traits and statistical methods
Authors: Klales Alexandra R. , Ousley Stephen D. , Vollner Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe traits of the pubis described by Phenice (Am J Phys Anthropol 30 (1969) 297–302) have been used extensively by physical anthropologist for sex estimation. This study investigates all three of Phenice's characteristics in an approach similar to Walker's (Am J Phys Anthropol 136 (2008) 39–50) study using observations from the cranium and mandible. The ventral arc, the subpubic contour, and the medial aspect of the ischio‐pubic ramus were scored on a five‐point ordinal scale from a sample of 310 adult, left innominates of known ancestry and sex from the Hamann‐Todd Human Osteological Collection and the W.M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. Four observers with varying levels of experience blindly scored each trait using new descriptions and illustrations adapted from those originally created by Phenice. The scores were then analyzed with ordinal logistic regression. Using all three traits for sex classification, the mean correct classification rate was 94.5% cross‐validated for experienced observers. Intra‐ and interobserver error in trait scoring was low for all three traits and agreement levels ranged from moderate to substantial. Tests of the method on an independent validation sample provided a classification accuracy of 86.2%. This revision of the Phenice (Am J Phys Anthropol 30 (1969) 297–302) technique is a reliable and valid method of sex estimation from the human innominate that meets the Daubert criteria for court admissibility. 2012. Am J Phys Anthropol, © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sulfur‐containing copolyimides for the membrane‐based separation of aromatic/aliphatic mixtures
Authors: Suding M. T. H. , Staudt C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractRecently, sulfur‐containing copolyimides have attracted increasing attention as membrane materials for the separation of gaseous, vaporous, or liquid mixtures because of their superior separation properties. Therefore, a novel sulfur‐containing copolyimide based on 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfide, and 3,5‐diaminobenzoic acid was synthesized, characterized, and extensively investigated in toluene/n‐decane pervaporation experiments. To characterize the separation properties of the copolyimide, the flux and selectivity were determined with separation mixtures between 60 and 80 wt % toluene. The separation temperature was varied between 70 and 110°C. Thereby, we observed that when the temperature was increased from 70 to 90°C, the flux and selectivity did not change significantly. In contrast, a temperature change from 90 to 110°C caused an extensive increase in the flux. The most significant change was found for an 80 wt % toluene mixture, where an increase from 1.9 to 7 kg·μm·m−2·h−1 was observed. Simultaneously, the selectivity which is a measure of the quality of the separation (α) decreased from α = 11.8 to α = 9.3. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Nanowire Transistor‐Based Ultrasensitive Virus Detection with Reversible Surface Functionalization
Authors: Chiang Pei‐Ling , Chou Tzu‐Chi , Wu Tzu‐Heng , Li Chang‐Chi , Liao Chun‐Da , Lin Jeng‐Yu , Tsai Ming‐Hsueh , Tsai Chia‐Chang , Sun Chih‐Jung , Wang Ching‐Ho , Fang Jim‐Min , Chen Yit‐Tsong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe have applied a reusable silicon nanowire field‐effect transistor (SiNW‐FET) as a biosensor to conduct ultrasensitive detection of H5N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) in very dilute solution. The reversible surface functionalization of SiNW‐FET was made possible using a disulfide linker. In the surface functionalization, 3‐mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was first modified on the SiNW‐FET (referred to as MPTMS/SiNW‐FET), with subsequent dithiothreitol washing to reduce any possible disulfide bonding between the thiol groups of MPTMS. Subsequently, receptor molecules could be immobilized on the MPTMS/SiNW‐FET by the formation of a disulfide bond. The success of the reversible surface functionalization was verified with fluorescence examination and electrical measurements. A surface topograph of the SiNW‐FET biosensor modified with a monoclonal antibody against H5N2 virus (referred to as mAbH5/SiNW‐FET) after detecting approximately 10−17 M H5N2 AIVs was scanned by atomic force microscopy to demonstrate that the SiNW‐FET is capable of detecting very few H5N2 AIV particles.
The dangerous and severe personality disorder experiment – Review of empirical research
Authors: Völlm Birgit , Konappa Nagaraj 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundA pilot programme for the treatment of individuals with dangerous and severe personality disorder (DSPD) was established in the UK in 2001. A substantial investment had been made into research and evaluation of the initiative, but it is not clear what the outcomes of this research have been.AimThis study aimed to review empirical research on the DSPD programme.MethodWe conducted a systematic literature review by using electronic searches of the databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE, complemented by hand searches of key journals and websites.ResultsWe identified a total of 29 empirical research papers and three comprehensive research reports. Most studies were concerned with describing the DSPD population and confirmed that the projects targeted high‐risk personality disordered offenders. Qualitative research identified a number of concerns regarding stigma, restrictiveness of the environment and indeterminate detention. Organisational enquiries recognised inefficiencies in assessment and treatment delivery. No high‐quality trials were carried out of specific treatments or service environments.Conclusions/implications for practiceThe key question – what treatments are effective for high‐risk personality disordered offenders – remains unanswered. More time would be needed to fully assess the impact of this programme, and similar future initiatives should allow longer observation periods. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.