bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased gene expression of fibrillin‐1 in stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Söderberg Marie Westergren , Byström Birgitta , Hammarström Margareta , Malmström Anders , Ekman‐Ordeberg Gunvor 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAimsStudies to show impairments in the pelvic floor extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) has earlier been performed, but the results are contradictory. Collagen I and III, the elastin associated proteins fibrillin‐1 and fibulin‐5 and the small leucine‐rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs) decorin, lumican and fibromodulin are involved in giving the tissue its mechanical properties. Their gene signals and tissue localizations were investigated.MethodsPara‐urethral punch biopsies were obtained from 24 women, 12 pre‐ and 12 postmenopausals, during surgery for SUI. As controls, biopsies were collected from 14 women, 8 pre‐ and 6 postmenopausals, undergoing surgery for other benign conditions. The mRNA expression by real‐time RT‐PCR and protein localization by immunohistochemistry were analyzed concerning collagen I and III, the small leucine rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs) decorin, lumican and fibromodulin and the elastic fiber associated proteins fibulin‐5 and fibrillin‐1. Statistical comparisons controlled for age changes in gene expressions.ResultsA significant decrease in mRNA expression of fibrillin‐1 was discovered in all SUI women compared to all controls, P = 0.03. All molecules were down‐regulated by age, but no other differences between SUI and controls reached significance. All proteins were adequately expressed by immunohistochemistry. A weaker staining for fibrillin‐1 was seen in the pre‐menopausal SUI group compared to the pre‐menopausal controls.ConclusionsA decreased gene signal and weaker immunoreactivity for fibrillin‐1, important for the elastic fiber assembly, was discovered in women with SUI. Loss of tissue elasticity could lead to increased urethra hypermobility and SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:476–481, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conditions for effective large‐scale anticorruption efforts and the role of external actors: What does the Slovak experience tell us?
Authors: Beblavý Miroslav 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe article looks at what policy‐makers can do to decrease corruption in developing and transition countries, based on an in‐depth examination of effectiveness of actual anticorruption measures in Slovakia. The research presents a synthesis of 12 case studies where measures in the sectors most associated with corruption as well as horizontal measures were analysed. The research shows that corruption can be decreased significantly within several years and external actors can play a substantial role in the process. An overall decrease in corruption can be based on aggregation of individual sectoral changes in areas most suffering from graft. In particular, the Slovak strategy was based on a sector‐by‐sector economic approach to resolve supply–demand imbalances based on either liberalisation/privatisation, limitations on discretion or managing supply and/or demand. Horizontal reforms complemented by sectoral reforms with their strong focus on increasing transparency. Concerning the role of external actors, we conclude that even when there is a domestically driven anticorruption effort, the external actors can still help significantly by serving as sources of inspiration, legitimacy, know‐how and funding for reform design and implementation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
c‐Jun amplification and overexpression are oncogenic in liposarcoma but not always sufficient to inhibit the adipocytic differentiation programme
Authors: Snyder Eric L , Sandstrom Deborah J , Law Kenneth , Fiore Christopher , Sicinska Ewa , Brito Joseph , Bailey Dyane , Fletcher Jonathan A , Loda Massimo , Rodig Scott J , Dal Cin Paola , Fletcher Christopher DM 
Published: April 2009

AbstractGenomic amplification of c‐Jun and its upstream kinases have been implicated as a mechanism of progression from well‐differentiated to dedifferentiated liposarcoma. To further define the role of c‐Jun in liposarcoma progression, we performed immunohistochemistry for c‐Jun and its activating kinase ASK1 on a series of liposarcomas (n = 81). We correlated the results with fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect c‐Jun amplification. We also derived new cell lines from dedifferentiated liposarcomas with c‐Jun amplification. c‐Jun protein is expressed in the majority of dedifferentiated liposarcomas (91%) and their well‐differentiated components (59%), but only in the minority of pure well‐differentiated liposarcomas (27%). When c‐Jun is amplified in dedifferentiated liposarcoma, it is interspersed with amplified MDM2 on ring and giant marker chromosomes. MDM2 amplification is one of the earliest events in liposarcoma development, and these results suggest that c‐Jun was amplified at a similar time in the evolution of the tumour. In addition, shRNA to c‐Jun in c‐Jun‐amplified liposarcoma cells reduces cell number in vitro and inhibits tumour formation in vivo without an observable effect on the differentiation state of the liposarcoma cells. Thus, c‐Jun amplification is oncogenic in liposarcomas but not always sufficient for inhibition of adipocytic differentiation. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring social activities and social function in long‐term cancer survivors who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Syrjala Karen L. , Stover Allison C. , Yi Jean C. , Artherholt Samantha B. , Abrams Janet R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractObjective: Cancer survivors report deficits in social functioning even years after completing treatment. Commonly used measures of social functioning provide incomplete understanding of survivors' social behavior. This study describes social activities of survivors and evaluates the psychometric properties of the Social Activity Log (SAL) in a cohort of long‐term survivors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for cancer.Methods: One hundred and two (5–20 year) survivors completed the SAL, Short‐Form‐36 Health Survey (SF‐36), and other patient‐reported outcomes. Principal components analysis determined the factor structure of the SAL along with correlations and regressions to establish validity.Results: Principal component analysis yielded three factors in the SAL: ‘non‐contact events’ (e.g. telephone calls), ‘regular events’ (e.g. played cards), and ‘special events’ (e.g. concerts), which explained 59% of the total variance. The SAL possessed good internal consistency (Cronbach'sα=0.82). SF‐36 social function and SAL were moderately correlated (r=0.31). In linear regressions, physical function and depression explained 16% of the variance in the SAL (P<0.001), while physical function, depression, and fatigue predicted 55% of the variance in SF‐36 social function (P<0.001).Conclusions: Results support the use of the SAL as a measure of social activity in cancer survivors who received HSCT. Although the SAL is designed to measure social behaviors, SF‐36 social function assesses subjective experience and is more strongly associated with depression and fatigue. The SAL appears to be a promising tool to understand the behavioral social deficits reported by long‐term survivors of cancer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Nanodiamonds as a Reducing Agent in a Chlorate‐based Energetic Composition
Authors: Comet Marc , Pichot Vincent , Siegert Benny , Spitzer Denis , Moeglin Jean‐Pierre , Boehrer Yannick 
Published: April 2009

AbstractTo our knowledge, the incorporation of nanodiamond (nD) as a reducing agent in an energetic composition has never been reported in the literature. Diamond exhibits particularly interesting physico‐chemical properties: high density, good energetic potential, and relatively low thermal sensitivity. This study proposes to demonstrate that an explosive energetic composition can be obtained by physical mixing of nD and potassium chlorate (PC). First, the energetic characteristics of this formulation were compared to those of the famous “white powder” made of PC and saccharose and discovered by the French chemist Berthollet in the 18th century. In the second part, the combustion of pelletized nD‐based mixtures initiated by a laser beam was studied by time resolved cinematography. The deflagration velocity was measured on the most energetic composition, which has a slightly negative oxygen balance (OB=−30.1%).
The Kinetics of the Main Decomposition Process of Aminoguanidium 5,5′‐azobis‐1H‐tetrazolate
Authors: Miyata Yasuyoshi , Abe Masahiro , Date Shingo , Kohga Makoto , Hasue Kazuo 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn this study, the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of aminoguanidinium 5,5′‐azobis‐1H‐tetrazolate (AGAT), which is one of the promising fuel candidates of the new gas generating agents for airbags, was investigated. The kinetic model that fits the main decomposition of AGAT was examined, and the activation energy was obtained. The main decomposition of AGAT was a single elementary process according to the result of mass spectrometry. The recommended kinetic model for the main decomposition of AGAT is Avrami–Erofeev equation (n=4). The activation energies for the main decomposition obtained under helium by non‐isothermal analysis and isothermal analysis were 207 and 209 kJ mol−1, respectively.
Manipulating glass for photonics
Authors: Fokine Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA generalized concept for local manipulation of three‐dimensional glass materials is described. The basic principle is to use means to deposit energy into the material to enable localized and selective changes in the bond structure of the glass matrix, causing a localized modification of the thermal equilibrium properties of the material. The different regions of the glass will then behave differently when the sample is subsequently heated homogeneously. If the difference in the thermal dynamics between modified and un‐modified regions is significant, thermal treatment of the material can result in a self‐organizing structure. The aim here is to provide a generalized concept of differential systems and self‐organizing structures, using chemical composition Bragg gratings as an example. In this case, differential diffusion results in self‐organizing structures consisting of a variation of the chemical composition, with compositional features smaller than 250 nm. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Proanthocyanidin protects against cisplatin‐induced nephrotoxicity
Authors: Sayed Ahmed Amir Radwan 
Published: April 2009

AbstractCisplatin (CP) [cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum (II)] is one of the most widely therapeutic agents used for treating many types of cancer. At effective doses, CP causes nephrotoxicity which has been attributed to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present investigation proanthocyanidin (PA) was studied to demonstrate its therapeutic efficacy against CP‐induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Cp treatment caused significant elevation of urea, creatinine and IL‐6. In addition, CP enhanced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and lowered the glutathione (GSH) content in kidney. On the other hand, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased. These alterations were reversed by PA in a dose‐dependent manner.These findings suggested a beneficial role of PA in attenuating CP‐induced oxidative renal toxicity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aktualisierte Diagramme zur Bemessung von Stahlkonstruktionen für den Brandfall nach Eurocode 3
Authors: Mensinger Martin , Stadler Martin 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie Nachweise der Feuerwiderstandsfähigkeit von Stahlkonstruktionen nach Eurocode 3 [1] werden sich deutlich von den bislang in Deutschland gültigen Nachweisen nach DIN 4102 unterscheiden. Die Wahl der erforderlichen Brandschutzverkleidungen erfolgt nicht mehr zwingend vereinfacht über Tabellen. Das Tragwerk wird jetzt für den Brandfall bemessen, ähnlich dem Vorgehen bei Normaltemperatur. Dadurch können die sehr kostenintensiven Brandschutzmaßnahmen besser optimiert werden, in einigen Fällen kann nun sogar ganz auf Verkleidungen verzichtet werden. Die genauere Nachweisführung wird jedoch mit erhöhtem Rechenaufwand erkauft. Um diesen Aufwand zu minimieren, wurde in [3] bereits ein Bemessungshilfsmittel erarbeitet und in [4] vorgestellt, in dem die Nachweise des Eurocode grafisch aufbereitet wurden. Dieses basiert jedoch auf der Vornorm und kann aufgrund einiger Änderungen in der endgültigen Fassung nicht mehr angewendet werden. Deshalb werden hier aktualisierte Diagramme vorgestellt, welche dem aktuellen Stand der Normung angepasst sind. Zusätzlich wurden einige Diagramme ergänzt, um den Aufwand zur Brandschutzbemessung im Stahlbau nach Eurocode so gering wie möglich zu halten.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Axially Substituted Titaniumphthalocyanines and Preparation of PcTi@SBA‐15 and PcTi&TiOx@SBA‐15 Materials
Authors: Darwish Wael , Schlecht Sabine , Schaper Andreas , Fröba Michael , Harms Klaus , Massa Werner , Sundermeyer Jörg 
Published: April 2009

AbstractFour axially substituted titanium(IV)phthalocyanines of formula trans‐[PcTi(OSiPh3)2], [PcTi{(NH)2C6H4}], [PcTi(η2‐S2)], and [PcTi=S] were prepared starting from the reactive species N,N′‐di‐4‐tolylureato(phthalocyaninato)titanium(IV). The prepared compounds were characterized by using UV/Vis‐spectroscopy, FT‐IR and raman spectroscopy, TGA, elementalanalysis and MALDI‐TOF measurements. The compound trans‐[PcTi(OSiPh3)2] crystallizes from chlorobenzene in the triclinic space group P$\bar{1}$ with a = 10.4160(8) Å, b = 11.2160(8) Å, c = 13.1495(9) Å, α = 114.124(5)°, β = 99.452(6)°, γ = 96.174(6)°, and Z = 1. [PcTiS2] crystallizes from chlorobenzene in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 13.114(3) Å, b = 9.752(2) Å, c = 20.975(5) Å, β = 100.46(2), and Z = 4. The crystal structures of both compounds are discussed. The reactive ureato complex could also successfully be anchored onto SBA‐15 and TiOx@SBA‐15 materials using the apical ureato ligand as a good leaving group for the reaction with the silanol groups of the host material.
The Synthesis and Luminescence of W6Cl12 and Mo6Cl12 Revisited
Authors: Ströbele Markus , Jüstel Thomas , Bettentrup Helga , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reduction of tungsten hexachloride with bismuth yields the new compound (BiCl)[W6Cl14]. Dissolution of this compound in HCl yields the cluster acid (H3O)2[W6Cl14]·7H2O and the new byproduct (H5O2)2[W6Cl12O6]·4H2O. The single‐crystal structures of all these compounds are reported. Their appearance provides some new insight into the mechanism and apparent problems of the synthesis of pure W6Cl12. Both Mo6Cl12 and W6Cl12 are strongly red luminescent materials.
Testing Behavioral Hypotheses Using an Integrated Model of Grocery Store Shopping Path and Purchase Behavior
Authors: Hui Sam K. , Bradlow Eric T. , Fader Peter S. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We examine three sets of established behavioral hypotheses about consumers' in-store behavior using field data on grocery store shopping paths and purchases. Our results provide field evidence for the following empirical regularities. First, as consumers spend more time in the store, they become more purposeful—they are less likely to spend time on exploration and more likely to shop/buy. Second, consistent with “licensing” behavior, after purchasing virtue categories, consumers are more likely to shop at locations that carry vice categories. Third, the presence of other shoppers attracts consumers toward a store zone but reduces consumers' tendency to shop there.
Reduced amino acid alphabets exhibit an improved sensitivity and selectivity in fold assignment
Authors: Peterson Eric L. , Kondev Jané , Theriot Julie A. , Phillips Rob 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Many proteins with vastly dissimilar sequences are found to share a common fold, as evidenced in the wealth of structures now available in the Protein Data Bank. One idea that has found success in various applications is the concept of a reduced amino acid alphabet, wherein similar amino acids are clustered together. Given the structural similarity exhibited by many apparently dissimilar sequences, we undertook this study looking for improvements in fold recognition by comparing protein sequences written in a reduced alphabet.
Results: We tested over 150 of the amino acid clustering schemes proposed in the literature with all-versus-all pairwise sequence alignments of sequences in the Distance mAtrix aLIgnment database. We combined several metrics from information retrieval popular in the literature: mean precision, area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and recall at a fixed error rate and found that, in contrast to previous work, reduced alphabets in many cases outperform full alphabets. We find that reduced alphabets can perform at a level comparable to full alphabets in correct pairwise alignment of sequences and can show increased sensitivity to pairs of sequences with structural similarity but low-sequence identity. Based on these results, we hypothesize that reduced alphabets may also show performance gains with more sophisticated methods such as profile and pattern searches.
Availability: A table of results as well as the substitution matrices and residue groupings from this study can be downloaded from http://www.rpgroup.caltech.edu/publications/supplements/alphabets.
Contact: phillips@pboc.caltech.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Enrichment constrained time-dependent clustering analysis for finding meaningful temporal transcription modules
Authors: Meng Jia , Gao Shou-Jiang , Huang Yufei 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Clustering is a popular data exploration technique widely used in microarray data analysis. When dealing with time-series data, most conventional clustering algorithms, however, either use one-way clustering methods, which fail to consider the heterogeneity of temporary domain, or use two-way clustering methods that do not take into account the time dependency between samples, thus producing less informative results. Furthermore, enrichment analysis is often performed independent of and after clustering and such practice, though capable of revealing biological significant clusters, cannot guide the clustering to produce biologically significant result.
Result:We present a new enrichment constrained framework (ECF) coupled with a time-dependent iterative signature algorithm (TDISA), which, by applying a sliding time window to incorporate the time dependency of samples and imposing an enrichment constraint to parameters of clustering, allows supervised identification of temporal transcription modules (TTMs) that are biologically meaningful. Rigorous mathematical definitions of TTM as well as the enrichment constraint framework are also provided that serve as objective functions for retrieving biologically significant modules. We applied the enrichment constrained time-dependent iterative signature algorithm (ECTDISA) to human gene expression time-series data of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection of human primary endothelial cells; the result not only confirms known biological facts, but also reveals new insight into the molecular mechanism of KSHV infection.
Availability: Data and Matlab code are available at http://engineering.utsa.edu/∼yfhuang/ECTDISA.html
Contact: yufei.huang@utsa.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Rockfish sounds and their potential use for population monitoring in the Southern California Bight
Authors: Širović Ana , Cutter George R. , Butler John L. , Demer David A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractŠirović, A., Cutter, G. R., Butler, J. L., and Demer, D. A. 2009. Rockfish sounds and their potential use for population monitoring in the Southern California Bight. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 981–990. Non-lethal methods are being developed to assess and monitor the depleted rockfish stocks off southern California. For example, data from multifrequency echosounders and underwater cameras have been combined to map the dispersions and estimate the abundances of rockfish at the historical fishing sites within this region. From August to October 2007, this ship-based technique was augmented with two passive-acoustic moored recorders. One collected data at the 43 Fathom Bank for 46 days, while the other was serially deployed at 13 locations for shorter periods (1–8 d). Passive-acoustic data were analysed for the presence of rockfish sounds. Potential sources of five pulsing sounds were identified from the optically estimated species compositions at each location, as well as from known rockfish recordings collected in aquaria. All sounds had a low frequency (<900 Hz). Some were short, individual pulses (≤0.1 s), others were repetitive. A repetitive pulsing from bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) was the most commonly recorded sound and it occurred mainly at night. The daily calling rates at each site were quantitatively compared with the rockfish abundance estimates obtained from the active-acoustic survey, and they were positively correlated. The feasibility of using passive-acoustic tools to monitor changes in rockfish populations efficiently is discussed.
The willingness to pay for dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus) restocking: using recreational linefishing licence fees to fund stock enhancement in South Africa
Authors: Palmer Ryan M. , Snowball Jen D. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Palmer, R. M., and Snowball, J. D. 2009. The willingness to pay for dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus) restocking: using recreational linefishing licence fees to fund stock enhancement in South Africa. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 839–843. The economic feasibility of stock enhancement of Argyrosomus japonicus in South Africa was investigated using a willingness-to-pay (WTP) survey. The pilot study provides a unique example of the use of the contingent valuation method as a valuation tool for a proposed stock enhancement programme. An increase in the cost of a recreational fishing permit is used as a potential vehicle of payment. The median value of the maximum that fishers were willing to pay for a recreational fishing permit was R155 (South African Rand) for frequent fishers and R100 for non-frequent fishers. Analysis showed that a fee of more than R100 excluded up to 50% of anglers from the fishery, but that a fee of R100 excluded only 28% of recreational anglers and would generate an additional R12 million annually from the sale of recreational fishing permits. The estimated costs of set-up and running of a stock enhancement programme are substantially lower than this, suggesting that stock enhancement may be an economically feasible management option that deserves more investigation. The WTP method itself produces robust results and is likely to be an effective tool in the management of the marine environment.