bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MET Expression and Amplification in Patients with Localized Gastric Cancer
Authors: Janjigian Yelena Y. , Tang Laura H. , Coit Daniel G. , Kelsen David P. , Francone Todd D. , Weiser Martin R. , Jhanwar Suresh C. , Shah Manish A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: MET, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, has been proposed as a therapeutic target in gastric cancer. This study assessed the incidence of MET expression and gene amplification in tumors of Western patients with gastric cancer.
Methods: Tumor specimens from patients enrolled on a preoperative chemotherapy study (NCI 5700) were examined for the presence of MET gene amplification by FISH, MET mRNA expression by quantitative PCR, MET overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and for evidence of MET pathway activation by phospho-MET (p-MET) IHC.
Results: Although high levels of MET protein and mRNA were commonly encountered (in 63% and 50% of resected tumor specimens, respectively), none of these tumors had MET gene amplification by FISH, and only 6.6% had evidence of MET tyrosine kinase activity by p-MET IHC.
Conclusions: In this cohort of patients with localized gastric cancer, the presence of high MET protein and RNA expression does not correlate with MET gene amplification or pathway activation, as evidenced by the absence of amplification by FISH and negative p-MET IHC analysis.
Impact: This article shows a lack of MET amplification and pathway activation in a cohort of 38 patients with localized gastric cancer, suggesting that MET-driven gastric cancers are relatively rare in Western patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 1021–7. ©2011 AACR.
Dietary Fat, Fiber, and Carbohydrate Intake in Relation to Risk of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Cui Xiaohui , Rosner Bernard , Willett Walter C. , Hankinson Susan E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground: Macronutrients such as fat and fiber have been hypothesized to play a role in the etiology of endometrial cancer.Methods: To investigate these associations, the authors analyzed data from the Nurses' Health Study. From 1980 to 2006, 669 invasive adenocarcinoma cases were identified over 1.3 million person-years of follow-up. Dietary intake was assessed in 1980 and updated every 2–4 years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RRs), controlling for total energy and other risk factors.Results: Overall, the authors found no significant associations between most dietary factors and endometrial cancer risk. Total fat was associated with a borderline significant decreased risk (top vs. bottom quintile RR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.60–0.99; Ptrend = 0.18). Findings for animal fat were similar. No inverse associations between dietary fibers and cancer risk were observed. Cereal fiber was modestly positively associated with risk (top vs. bottom quintile RR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.07–1.79; Ptrend = 0.05). The inverse association with animal fat intake and a positive association with carbohydrate intake were observed among premenopausal but not among postmenopausal women.Conclusions: In this large prospective study, no overall association was observed between dietary fat, fiber, and carbohydrates with endometrial cancer risk, although several of the relationships may vary by menopausal status.Impact: Dietary fat and fiber intake do not seem to play a major role in endometrial cancer etiology overall. However, further evaluation of these associations, particularly in premenopausal women, is needed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 978–89. ©2011 AACR.
Meta-Analyses of Vitamin D Intake, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Touvier Mathilde , Chan Doris S.M. , Lau Rosa , Aune Dagfinn , Vieira Rui , Greenwood Darren C. , Kampman Ellen , Riboli Elio , Hercberg Serge , Norat Teresa 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground: Our objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies on colorectal cancer (CRC) and vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D status, as part of the World Cancer Research Fund Continuous Update Project. We also aimed at conducting meta-analysis of all studies on CRC and vitamin D receptor (VDR) single-nucleotide polymorphisms.Methods: Relevant studies were identified in PubMed (up to June 2010). Inclusion criteria were original and peer-reviewed publications with a prospective design (for studies on vitamin D intake or status). Random effects of dose-response meta-analyses were performed on cancer incidence.Results: We observed inverse associations of CRC risk with dietary vitamin D [summary relative risk (RR) per 100 IU/day = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.98; 10 studies; range of intake (midpoints) = 39–719 IU/day] and serum/plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (RR per 100 IU/L = 0.96, 0.94–0.97; 6 studies; range = 200–1,800 IU/L), but not with total vitamin D (5 studies). Supplemental (2 studies; range = 0–600 IU/day) and total (4 studies; range = 79–732 IU/day) vitamin D intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D status (6 studies; range = 200–1,800 IU/L) were inversely associated with colon cancer risk. We did not observe statistically significant associations between FokI, PolyA, TaqI, Cdx2, and ApaI VDR polymorphisms and CRC risk. The BsmI polymorphism was associated with a lower CRC risk (RR = 0.57, 0.36–0.89 for BB versus bb, 8 studies).Conclusions: These meta-analyses support the evidence of an inverse association between vitamin D intake, 25-hydroxyvitamin D status, and the BsmI VDR polymorphism and CRC risk.Impact: Improving vitamin D status could be potentially beneficial against CRC incidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 1003–16. ©2011 AACR.
Complex Genotype Sarcomas Display Familial Inheritance Independent of Known Cancer Predisposition Syndromes
Authors: Jones Kevin B. , Schiffman Joshua D. , Kohlmann Wendy , Randall R. Lor , Lessnick Stephen L. , Cannon-Albright Lisa A. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: The low incidence of sarcomas in the general population makes heritable contribution to disease risk difficult to discern beyond highly penetrant Mendelian syndromes.
Methods: The Utah Cancer Registry (UCR) and Utah Population Database were interrogated for sarcoma diagnostic codes grouped by genetic type, either complex genotype/karyotype sarcoma or balanced translocation-associated sarcoma. The genealogic index of familiality (GIF) was calculated and relative risks (RR) of disease estimated for first-, second-, and third-degree relatives of sarcoma probands. Cancer patterns in pedigrees of sarcoma probands were examined to rule out known hereditary cancer syndromes.
Results: A total of 229 balanced translocation type and 1,161 complex genotype type sarcomas with at least three generations of ancestral genealogy data were identified in the UCR. There was no evidence for excess relatedness for the balanced translocation group by using the GIF test (P = 0.657) and no significantly elevated RRs. In the complex genotype group, we observed significantly elevated GIF (P = 0.03). Modest RRs corroborated the GIF analysis, in which excess relatedness existed in distant relationships. No recognized cancer syndromes were identified among high-risk pedigrees.
Discussion: We identified strong familiality among complex genotype sarcomas, independent from known cancer predisposition syndromes. In the absence of significantly elevated RRs for close relatives, the high GIF argues for a strong genetic—rather than environmental—component to complex genotype sarcoma risk. We observed no significant familial risk of developing balanced translocation-associated sarcomas, but the sample was small.
Impact: There exists yet to be deciphered heritable risk for developing complex genotype sarcomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 751–7. ©2011 AACR.
Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Colorectal Adenomas: the Black Women's Health Study
Authors: Makambi Kepher H. , Agurs-Collins Tanya , Bright-Gbebry Mireille , Rosenberg Lynn , Palmer Julie R. , Adams-Campbell Lucile L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground: Colorectal adenomas are benign lesions that may be precursors to colorectal cancer. No studies of African American women have investigated dietary patterns and the risk of developing colorectal adenomas. We examined data from the Black Women's Health Study to determine whether dietary patterns are associated with the risk of developing colorectal adenomas.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 59,000 participants followed biennially since 1995. During 155,414 person-years of follow-up from 1997 to 2007 among women who had had at least one screening colonoscopy, 620 incident cases of colorectal adenomas were identified. By using Cox regression models, we obtained incidence rate ratios (IRR) for colorectal adenoma in relation to quintiles of each of two dietary patterns, adjusting for other colorectal adenoma risk factors.Results: Two dietary patterns, Western and prudent, were utilized to assess the association between dietary intake and adenoma risk. The highest quintile of prudent diet, relative to the lowest quintile, was significantly associated with 34% lower colorectal adenoma risk overall (IRR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.88; Ptrend &lt; 0.01). Higher scores on the Western pattern were associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal adenoma (IRR = 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09–1.85 for the highest quintile relative to the lowest; Ptrend = 0.01).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that African American women may be able to reduce their risk of developing colorectal adenomas by following a prudent dietary pattern and avoiding a more Western pattern.Impact: A dietary modification could have a strong impact in colorectal adenoma prevention in African American women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 818–25. ©2011 AACR.
A Prospective Study of Inflammation Markers and Endometrial Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Hormone Nonusers
Authors: Wang Tao , Rohan Thomas E. , Gunter Marc J. , Xue Xiaonan , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Rajpathak Swapnil N. , Cushman Mary , Strickler Howard D. , Kaplan Robert C. , Wassertheil-Smoller Sylvia , Scherer Philipp E. , Ho Gloria Y.F. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: It is hypothesized that inflammation may mediate the relationship between obesity and endometrial cancer risk. We examined the associations of three inflammation markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, with risk of endometrial cancer.
Methods: A case-cohort study was nested within the Women's Health Initiative, a cohort of postmenopausal women. Baseline plasma samples of 151 incident endometrial cancer cases and 301 subcohort subjects not using hormones were assayed.
Results: CRP, but not IL-6 or TNF-α, was positively associated with endometrial cancer risk after adjusting for age and BMI [HR comparing extreme quartiles (HR q4-q1) = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.13–4.65; Ptrend = 0.012). After additional adjustment for estradiol and insulin, this association was attenuated (HRq4-q1 = 1.70; 95% CI = 0.78–3.68; Ptrend = 0.127). Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) was associated with endometrial cancer risk in an age-adjusted model. The obesity effect was reduced by 48%, 67%, and 77% when either estradiol, CRP, or insulin, respectively, was included in the model, and it became null when all three factors were adjusted for simultaneously.
Conclusions: The association between inflammation, as indicated by a relatively high level of CRP, and endometrial cancer risk may partially be explained by hyperinsulinemia and elevated estradiol. Nevertheless, all three factors contribute to and mediate the link between obesity and endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women not using hormones.
Impact: The association between obesity and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women may be attributed to inflammation, insulin resistance, and elevated estrogen. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 971–7. ©2011 AACR.
Prospective Study of Self-Reported Diabetes and Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Lin Shih-Wen , Freedman Neal D. , Hollenbeck Albert R. , Schatzkin Arthur , Abnet Christian C. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground: Although gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) incidence rates in the United States have decreased, the rates of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EADC) have increased. Obesity increases the risks of GCA and EADC, and the associations may be partially mediated by insulin resistance. A few case-control studies have shown an association between diabetes and an increased risk of EADC.Methods: We prospectively examined the association between diabetes and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers in a cohort of 469,448 people in the United States, ages 50 to 71 at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR and 95% CI for diabetes and UGI cancers, controlling for multiple potential confounders, including body mass index (BMI).Results: We observed no association of self-reported diabetes with risk of EADC, HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.73–1.31), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), HR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.60–1.74), or GNCA, HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.70–1.37). However, diabetes was significantly associated with an increased risk of GCA, HR (95% CI) = 1.89 (1.43–2.50). The significant association between diabetes and risk of GCA remained after adjustment for BMI, HR (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.28–2.26) and did not differ by BMI strata (Pinteraction = 0.83). The significant association was unchanged when restricting to only overweight subjects (BMI 25 to ≤30), HR (95% CI) = 1.83 (1.18–2.85).Conclusions: We found a significant association between self-reported diabetes and increased risk of GCA.Impact: Our results suggest that the metabolic and hormonal changes related to diabetes may play a role in the etiology of GCA independently from BMI. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 954–61. ©2011 AACR.
ABO Blood Group and Risk of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Khalili Hamed , Wolpin Brian M. , Huang Edward S. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Kraft Peter , Fuchs Charles S. , Chan Andrew T. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown an association between non-O blood group and risk of pancreatic cancer. It is unclear whether this association is observed with other gastrointestinal malignancies, including colorectal cancers.
Methods: We examined the relationship between ABO blood group and the risk of incident colorectal cancer in two large prospective cohorts. We calculated HR using Cox proportional hazard modeling while adjusting for known risk factors of colorectal cancer.
Results: During 996,779 person-years of follow-up, we documented 1,025 incident cases of colorectal cancers. Compared to individuals with blood group O, the multivariate-adjusted HR were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.94–1.24) for blood group A, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.00–1.45) for blood group B, and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.85–1.36) for blood group AB.
Conclusion: In two large prospective cohorts, we did not observe a statistically significant association between ABO blood group and risk of colorectal cancer.
Impact: These results do not support an association between ABO blood group and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 1017–20. ©2011 AACR.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Women with Cervical Precancer and Cancer at Kaiser Permanente Northern California
Authors: Castle Philip E. , Shaber Ruth , LaMere Brandon J. , Kinney Walter , Fetterma Barbara , Poitras Nancy , Lorey Thomas , Schiffman Mark , Dunne Anne , Ostolaza Janae M. , McKinney Sharod , Burk Robert D. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: The human papillomavirus (HPV) Persistence and Progression Cohort is a natural history study of carcinogenic HPV positive women. Here, we present the HPV genotypes found in first ∼500 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) or more severe disease (CIN3+) diagnosed at the study baseline.
Methods: Women aged 30 and older were screened for cervical cancer using Pap smears and tested for carcinogenic HPV using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2; Qiagen). We randomly selected women who tested HPV positive and were diagnosed with CIN3+ (n = 448) or without CIN3+ (&lt;CIN3; n = 830). Residual cervical Pap specimens were HPV genotyped using a MY09/11 L1-targeted PCR method.
Results: Among HC2-positive women, HPV16 (48.9%), HPV31 (9.2%), and HPV18 (8.5%) were the most common HPV genotypes in CIN3+. There was a decrease at older ages in the fraction of CIN3 (Ptrend = 0.006), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (Ptrend = 0.08), and CIN3/AIS (Ptrend = 0.002) associated with HPV16. Compared to the other carcinogenic HPV genotypes in aggregate, HPV18 was strongly associated with CIN3+ in women with a normal Pap [odds ratio (OR) = 5.7, 95% CI = 1.2–26] but not in women with abnormal Pap (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 0.74–2.3).
Conclusions: HPV16 is more strongly associated with cervical precancer diagnosed in younger women (vs. older women). HPV18 infections were linked to precancerous lesions that were missed by cytology.
Impact: The progression timeline of HPV16 differs from other carcinogenic HPV genotypes, which may impact the use of HPV16 detection in the management of HPV-positive women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 946–53. ©2011 AACR.
Dietary Fiber, Carbohydrates, Glycemic Index, and Glycemic Load in Relation to Breast Cancer Prognosis in the HEAL Cohort
Authors: Belle Fabiën N. , Kampman Ellen , McTiernan Anne , Bernstein Leslie , Baumgartner Kathy , Baumgartner Richard , Ambs Anita , Ballard-Barbash Rachel , Neuhouser Marian L. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground: Dietary intake of fiber, carbohydrate, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) may influence breast cancer survival, but consistent and convincing evidence is lacking.Methods: We investigated associations of dietary fiber, carbohydrates, GI, and GL with breast cancer prognosis among n = 688 stage 0 to IIIA breast cancer survivors in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) study. Premenopausal and postmenopausal women from Western Washington State, Los Angeles County, and New Mexico participated. Usual diet was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Total mortality, breast cancer mortality, nonfatal recurrence, and second occurrence data were obtained from SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) registries and medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: During a median of 6.7 years follow-up after diagnosis, n = 106 total deaths, n = 83 breast cancer-specific deaths, and n = 82 nonfatal recurrences were confirmed. We observed an inverse association between fiber intake and mortality. Multivariate-adjusted hazard rate ratios (HRR) comparing high to low intake were 0.53 (95% CI 0.23–1.23) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.43–1.31). A threshold effect was observed whereby no additional benefit was observed for intakes of 9 g/d or more. Fiber intake was suggestively inversely associated with breast cancer-specific mortality (HRR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.27–1.70) and risk of nonfatal recurrence or second occurrence (HRR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.27–1.70), but results were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Dietary fiber was associated with a nonsignificant inverse association with breast cancer events and total mortality. Further studies to assess and confirm this relationship are needed in order to offer effective dietary strategies for breast cancer patients.Impact: Increasing dietary fiber may an effective lifestyle modification strategy for breast cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 890–9. ©2011 AACR.
Common Genetic Variants Associated with Breast Cancer in Korean Women and Differential Susceptibility According to Intrinsic Subtype
Authors: Han Wonshik , Woo Jung Hoon , Yu Jong-Han , Lee Min-Ju , Moon Hyeong-Gon , Kang Daehee , Noh Dong-Young 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackground: Recently identified genetic variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on breast cancer have not been validated in Asian populations, except in China. In this study, we sought to confirm the association between known variants and breast cancer in Korean women and further evaluate the associations of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with different intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer.Methods: In total, 3,321 invasive breast cancer patients and 3,500 healthy controls were genotyped for five SNPs by using the TaqMan assay. The SNPs genotyped included rs2046210 (6q25.1), rs2981582 (FGFR2), rs889312 (MAP3K1), rs3803662 (TOX3/TNRC9), and rs4973768 (SLC4A7). Tumors were classified into four intrinsic subtypes based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, HER2, and Ki67 expression.Results: All five SNPs were significantly associated with risk of breast cancer in dominant, recessive, and additive models. ORs per risk allele (95% CI) were 1.29 (1.16–1.43), 1.40 (1.18–1.68), 1.22 (1.06–1.41), 1.52 (1.30–1.77), and 1.20 (1.08–1.33) for rs2046210, rs2981582, rs889312, rs3803662, and rs4973768, respectively. A multigene logistic regression risk model was generated with the SNPs. In subtype analysis, all 5 SNPs were associated with the Luminal A subtype. Two SNPs (rs2046210 and rs3803662) were linked to the ER−HER2+ subtype, and only rs2046210 SNP was associated with the triple-negative subtype.Conclusions: The five SNPs from GWAS were significantly associated with breast cancer risk in Korean women. Associations were heterogeneous according to the intrinsic subtype of breast cancer.Impact: Our result is an important contribution to the literature about genetic susceptibility for breast cancer in nonwhite populations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 793–8. ©2011 AACR.
Associations Between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in a Population-Based Sample of Kidney Cancer Survivors
Authors: Trinh Linda , Plotnikoff Ronald C. , Rhodes Ryan E. , North Scott , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
Background: Physical activity (PA) improves quality of life (QoL) in several cancer survivor groups, but no study to date has focused on kidney cancer survivors (KCS). The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of PA in KCS and determine any associations with QoL.
Methods: All 1,985 KCS diagnosed between 1996 and 2010 identified through a Canadian provincial Registry were mailed a survey that consisted of the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire and several Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy QoL scales. Standard demographic and medical variables were also reported.
Results: Completed surveys were received from 703 (43%) of the 1,654 KCS that received the survey. Over half (56.3%) were completely sedentary (CS), 17.6% were insufficiently active, 11.9% were active within public health guidelines, and 14.1% exceeded public health guidelines. After adjustment for key demographic and medical covariates, analyses of covariance indicated a dose–response association between PA and most QoL outcomes from CS to within guidelines (WG) with no further improvements for exceeding guidelines. For the primary QoL outcome of patient-reported physical functioning, the overall difference between CS and WG was 8.6 points (95% CI: 4.2–12.9, P &lt; 0.001) which exceeds the minimally important difference of 5.0 points for this scale. Few associations were moderated by demographic or medical variables.
Conclusion: Over half of KCS are CS; however, even some PA may be beneficial for QoL.
Impact: PA is a modifiable lifestyle factor that may have implications for QoL and disease outcomes in KCS. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 859–68. ©2011 AACR.