bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of finite state machines for CPLDs
Authors: Czerwiński Robert , Kania Dariusz 
Published: January 2010

Synthesis of finite state machines for CPLDsThe paper presents a new two-step approach to FSM synthesis for PAL-based CPLDs that strives to find an optimum fit of an FSM to the structure of the CPLD. The first step, the original state assignment method, includes techniques of two-level minimization and aims at area minimization. The second step, PAL-oriented multi-level optimization, is a search for implicants that can be shared by several functions. It is based on the graph of outputs. Results of experiments prove that the presented approach is especially effective for PAL-based CPLD structures containing a low number of product terms.
An automatic segmentation method for scanned images of wheat root systems with dark discolourations
Authors: Gocławski Jarosław , Sekulska-Nalewajko Joanna , Gajewska Ewa , Wielanek Marzena 
Published: January 2010

An automatic segmentation method for scanned images of wheat root systems with dark discolourationsThe analysis of plant root system images plays an important role in the diagnosis of plant health state, the detection of possible diseases and growth distortions. This paper describes an initial stage of automatic analysis—the segmentation method for scanned images of Ni-treated wheat roots from hydroponic culture. The main roots of a wheat fibrous system are placed separately in the scanner view area on a high chroma background (blue or red). The first stage of the method includes the transformation of a scanned RGB image into the HCI (Hue-Chroma-Intensity) colour space and then local thresholding of the chroma component to extract a binary root image. Possible chromatic discolourations, different from background colour, are added to the roots from blue or red chroma subcomponent images after thresholding. At the second stage, dark discolourations are extracted by local fuzzy c-means clustering of an HCI intensity image within the binary root mask. Fuzzy clustering is applied in local windows around the series of sample points on roots medial axes (skeleton). The performance of the proposed method is compared with hand-labelled segmentation for a series of several root systems.
Progressive Resistance Training Improves Overall Physical Activity Levels in Patients With Early Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Farr Joshua N. , Going Scott B. , McKnight Patrick E. , Kasle Shelley , Cussler Ellen C. , Cornett Michelle 
Published: January 2010

Background
Prescription of resistance training (RT) exercises is an essential aspect of management for knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, whether patients with knee OA who are randomly assigned to receive RT simply substitute RT for other modes of physical activity remains unclear.

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a structured RT intervention on overall levels of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients with early-onset knee OA. The study compared patients with early-onset OA who participated in an RT program, those who participated in a self-management (SM) program, and those who participated in both RT and SM. Because participants randomly assigned to receive the RT intervention may simply switch activity modes, resulting in little net effect, we assessed total MVPA in addition to tracking changes in strength (force-generating capacity).

Design and Intervention
This study was a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of SM alone, RT alone, and combined RT+SM on MVPA in patients with early OA of the knee.

Setting
The study was conducted on a university campus, with patient recruitment from the local community.

Participants
The participants in this study were 171 patients (74% women, 26% men) with knee OA. They had a mean age of 55.1 (SD=7.1) years, a mean body mass index of 27.6 (SD=4.2) kg/m2, and radiographic status of grade II OA (and no higher) in at least one knee, as defined by the Kellgren and Lawrence classification. They wore an accelerometer while awake (X̄=14.2 [SD=2.2] hours) for 5 to 7 contiguous days (X̄=6.8 [SD=0.5] days) at baseline and at 3 and 9 months of intervention.

Results
The participants engaged in MVPA a mean of 26.2 (SD=19.3) minutes per day at baseline. Both groups significantly increased their MVPA from baseline to 3 months (RT group by 18% [effect size (d)=0.26]; SM group by 22% [effect size (d)=0.25]), but only the RT group sustained those changes at 9 months (RT group maintained a 10% increase [effect size (d)=0.15]; SM group maintained a 2% increase [effect size (d)=0.03]). A significant group × time interaction for MVPA indicated that the RT group maintained higher MVPA levels than the SM group.

Limitations
Lack of direct measures of energy expenditure and physical function was a limitation of the study.

Conclusions
Patients with early-onset OA of the knee can engage in an RT program without sacrificing their overall MVPA levels. These results support the value of RT for management of knee OA.
Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry in a Maternity Hospital
Authors: Judd Fiona , Stafford Lesley , Handrinos Dennis , Laios Lia , Breadon Carolyn , Cornthwaite Leesa , Gill Ailish , Thomson-Salo Frances , Mercuri Kristine , Nguyen Tram , Bryant Christina 
Published: January 2010

Objective: The aim of the study was to describe referral patterns of maternity inpatients to the consultation-liaison psychiatry (CLP) service at a large women's hospital in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Method: Clinicians recorded socio-demographic data, referring unit, consultee's reason for referral, psychiatric diagnosis made, and treatment provided for all maternity inpatients referred from 2004 to 2008. Results: Main reasons for referral were detection of depression, past psychiatric history, and concern regarding a woman's coping. Most common diagnoses were depression, substance use disorders and anxiety disorders. Many women referred for assessment while inpatients were initially seen in the antenatal period. Conclusions: Pregnant women referred to a CLP service present with a range of mental health problems, most often depression, anxiety and substance use disorders. Many of these problems are evident in and require intervention during the antenatal period as well as at the time of confinement. CLP services to maternity hospitals should be provided in the antenatal as well as the inpatient setting.
Competition between Two Species of Mites.: II. Factors Influencing Intensity
Authors: Foott W. H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractProduction of webbing, greater fecundity, faster rate of development, and greater ability to thrive on foliage injured by feeding enabled populations of T. telarius to suppress those of P. ulmi on peach foliage in a greenhouse and insectary. However, these inhibitory factors were non-operative in an orchard environment in southwestern Ontario.The tendency of the two species to populate different levels of a host plant, and of P. ulmi to utilize the upper surfaces of leaves more than T. telarius, each decreased the intensity of competition. The suppression of P. ulmi in an insectary or greenhouse was delayed but not prevented by the above factors.
Numerical investigation of gas mixing in gas‐solid fluidized beds
Authors: Li Tingwen , Zhang Yongmin , Grace John R. , Bi Xiaotao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractGas mixing in a tall narrow fluidized bed operated in the slugging fluidization regime is simulated with the aid of computational fluid dynamics. In the first part, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of various parameters on the gas mixing. Among the parameters studied, the specularity coefficient for the partial‐slip solid‐phase wall boundary condition had the most significant effect on gas mixing. It was found that the solid‐phase wall boundary condition needs to be specified with great care when gas mixing is modeled, with free slip, partial slip and no‐slip wall boundary conditions giving substantial differences in the extent of gas back mixing. Axial and radial tracer concentration profiles for different operating conditions are generally in good agreement with experimental data from the literature. Detailed analyses of tracer back mixing are carried out in the second part. Two parameters, the tracer backflow fraction and overall gas backflow fraction, in addition to axial profiles of cross‐sectional averaged tracer concentrations, are evaluated for different flow conditions. Qualitative trends are consistent with reported experimental findings. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Chromosome 8p11.2 translocations: Prevalence, FISH analysis for FGFR1 and MYST3, and clinicopathologic correlates in a consecutive cohort of 13 cases from a single institution
Authors: Patnaik Mrinal M. , Gangat Naseema , Knudson Ryan A. , Keefe Jeannette G. , Hanson Curtis A. , Pardanani Animesh , Ketterling Rhett P. , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: January 2010

AbstractChromosome 8p11.2 translocations result in diverse oncogenic fusion genes involving FGFR1 or MYST3. Among 24,262 unique patient cytogenetic studies performed at the Mayo Clinic, 8p11.2 translocations were identified in 14 cases (∼0.06%). FISH analysis was performed in 13 patients (12 had myeloid neoplasms) and revealed abnormalities of MYST3 (n = 4) or FGFR1 (n = 4) in eight patients. MYST3 abnormalities were associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), M4 in three and M6 in one. Three of the four FGFR1‐rearranged cases were associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms but none, including the two with sole 8p11.2, displayed the typical phenotype for stem cell leukemia/lymphoma (SCLL) and only one had eosinophilia; the fourth case had AML‐M4. FISH did not reveal FGFR1 involvement in the one patient with SCLL. We conclude that neither the SCLL phenotype nor blood eosinophilia is a consistent feature of FGFR1‐associated 8p11.2 translocations; conversely, FISH might not always reveal FGFR1 involvement in typical SCLL. Am. J. Hematol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Teaching current tests on surge arresters to undergraduate students using MATLAB–SIMULINK
Authors: Vahidi B. , Arabshahi M. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSurge arresters constitute an indispensable aid to insulation coordination in power systems and they are the primary protection against different types of overvoltages (lightning or switching). They are generally connected in parallel with the equipment to be protected to divert the surge currents. The paper presents an approach to teaching high‐voltage laboratory using specially designed exercises that can be done using MATLAB R2007. This paper presents a MATLAB‐based technology to simulate residual voltage test, long duration withstand test, and operating duty test on arresters. Evaluation of the simulation with more than 30 students is very positive in terms of their developing confidence in and understanding of this simulation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 20: 391–399, 2012
The role of spirituality in the mediation process
Authors: Jones Debra A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article shares the findings of a study that explored aspects of a spiritually integrated mediation process. Specifically, the study sought to describe what makes mediation spiritual in nature, and how spirituality may affect or influence the mediation process. Semistructured phenomenological interviews were conducted with sixteen mediators who self‐identified as integrating spirituality in their work, and five observers of these mediators. The study relates experiences in which mediators have integrated spirituality in mediation, with suggested implications for practice.
Evaluation of special and traditional dementia care in nursing homes: results from a cross‐sectional study in Germany
Authors: Weyerer Siegfried , Schäufele Martina , Hendlmeier Ingrid 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTwo‐thirds of all residents in nursing homes in Germany suffer from some type of dementia. We investigated whether or not dementia patients receiving special (segregated or partially segregated) care exhibited a better quality of life than their counterparts residing in traditional nursing homes.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study in 28 special dementia care facilities in the city of Hamburg (admission criterion: mobile dementia patients with behaviour problems) 594 residents were compared to a group of nursing home residents with dementia (n = 573) in 11 randomly selected nursing homes who were receiving traditional integrative care. Primary features such as cognitive and functional impairment, and behaviour problems were assessed by qualified nursing staff.ResultsControlling for confounding variables, for dementia patients in special care units as compared to a reference group in traditional integrative care, the level of volunteer caregiver involvement was higher and there was more social contact to staff, fewer physical restraints, more involvement in home activities, and more frequent use of psychiatrists. There was no significant difference between the two care settings with regard to overall use of psychotropic drugs, however, residents in special dementia care used antipsychotics significantly less often and antidepressants more often.ConclusionsSignificant differences for a number of indicators of the quality of life point in favour of special dementia care. Future evaluation studies ought to examine not only the general efficacy of types of care designed especially for dementia patients but also the efficacy of the respective individual components (i.e. caregiver ratio). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broad spectrum assessment of psychopathology and adaptive functioning with the Older Adult Behavior Checklist: a validation and diagnostic discrimination study
Authors: Brigidi Bartholomew D. , Achenbach Thomas M. , Dumenci Levent , Newhouse Paul A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐administered by spouses and other collateral informants, the nationally normed Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL) provides standardized data on diverse aspects of older adult psychopathology and adaptive functioning. We tested the validity of the Older Adult Behavior Checklist (OABCL) scale scores in terms of associations with diagnoses of dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and mood disorders (MD) and with nine measures of psychopathology, cognitive performance, and adaptive functioning.MethodInformants completed OABCLs for 727 60–97‐year‐olds recruited from a memory disorders clinic, geriatric psychiatry clinic, and community‐dwelling seniors. OABCL scale scores were tested for associations with DAT and MD diagnoses, as well as with scores on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Clinical Dementia Rating, Dementia Severity Rating Scale, Trail Making Test Part A, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.ResultsOABCL scales had medium to large correlations with the nine other indices of functioning and significantly augmented MMSE discrimination between patients with DAT versus MD. OABCL scales also discriminated significantly between patients diagnosed with DAT versus MD and both these groups versus nonclinical subjects.ConclusionsMultiple OABCL scales had medium to large associations with diverse indices of functioning based on other kinds of data. The nationally normed OABCL provides new ways to integrate informant and self‐report data to improve assessment of older adults. Specifically, the OABCL can provide discrimination between those who qualify for diagnoses of DAT versus MD versus neither diagnosis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neural system interactions underlying human transitive inference
Authors: Moses Sandra N. , Brown Tanya M. , Ryan Jennifer D. , McIntosh Anthony Randal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHuman problem solving relies on multiple strategies supported by dynamic neural network interactions. The transitive inference (TI) problem solving task can be accomplished by the extraction of relations among stimuli or by responding to reinforcement histories of items using associative learning. Relational and associative strategies are assumed to rely on the hippocampus and caudate nucleus, respectively; which compete to control behavior. However, we found that increased recruitment of both systems in TI is correlated with greater accuracy and awareness, and reduced associative responding to single items. Contrary to prior assumptions, the hippocampus and caudate interact cooperatively to facilitate successful TI. We suggest that the dynamics of the relationship between the hippocampus and caudate depends critically upon task demands. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenosine modulates the excitability of layer II stellate neurons in entorhinal cortex through A1 receptors
Authors: Li Yang , Fan Shuangyi , Yan Jie , Li Bo , Chen Fang , Xia Jianxia , Yu Zhengping , Hu Zhian 
Published: January 2010

AbstractStellate neurons in layer II entorhinal cortex (EC) provide the main output from the EC to the hippocampus. It is believed that adenosine plays a crucial role in neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission in the CNS, however, the function of adenosine in the EC is still elusive. Here, the data reported showed that adenosine hyperpolarized stellate neurons in a concentration‐dependent manner, accompanied by a decrease in firing frequency. This effect corresponded to the inhibition of the hyperpolarization‐activated, cation nonselective (HCN) channels. Surprisingly, the adenosine‐induced inhibition was blocked by 3 μM 8‐cyclopentyl‐1,3‐dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), a selective A1receptor antagonists, but not by 10 μM 3,7‐dimethyl‐1‐propargylxanthine (DMPX), a selective A2receptor antagonists, indicating that activation of adenosine A1receptors were responsible for the direct inhibition. In addition, adenosine reduced the frequency but not the amplitude of miniature EPSCs and IPSCs, suggesting that the global depression of glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission is mediated by a decrease in glutamate and GABA release, respectively. Again the presynaptic site of action was mediated by adenosine A1receptors. Furthermore, inhibition of spontaneous glutamate and GABA release by adenosine A1receptor activation was mediated by voltage‐dependent Ca2+channels and extracellular Ca2+. Therefore, these findings revealed direct and indirect mechanisms by which activation of adenosine A1receptors on the cell bodies of stellate neurons and on the presynaptic terminals could regulate the excitability of these neurons. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ULBP2 and RAET1E NKG2D ligands are independent predictors of poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients
Authors: McGilvray Roger W. , Eagle Robert A. , Rolland Phil , Jafferji Insiya , Trowsdale John , Durrant Lindy G. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe human activating immune receptor, NKG2D, binds to a diverse array of cellular ligands of the MIC and unique long 16 (UL16)‐binding protein (ULBP)/retinoic acid early transcript (RAET) family. NKG2D is thought to participate in anticancer immune responses. By using tissue microarrays representing over 300 patients with defined clinicopathological factors, we present the first comprehensive screen of the expression of all NKG2D ligands in primary ovarian cancers. NKG2D ligands were expressed by the majority of tumors; however, the level of expression varied considerably. By categorizing each tumor as having negative, low or high expression, it was shown that high expression of several NKG2D ligands is inversely correlated with disease survival. Patients whose tumors had high expression of RAET1E (p = 0.037), ULBP1 (p = 0.036) and ULBP3 (p = 0.004) surviving a median of 11, 14 and 11 months, respectively, compared with disease‐specific survival of 29, 30 and 25 months in patients whose tumors showed no expression of these ligands. These results contrast with previous findings showing that high level NKG2D ligand expression is associated with good prognosis in colorectal cancer and suggest a fundamental difference in the involvement of NKG2D‐mediated immunity in these two types of cancer. By using multivariate analysis, the factors retaining independent prognostic significance were International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians stage (p < 0.001), presence of residual disease (p = 0.003), ULBP2 (p = 0.042) and RAET1E (p = 0.030).
Consumer perceptions of online shopping environments: A gestalt approach
Authors: Demangeot Catherine , Broderick Amanda J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlthough Web pages and sites consist of a multitude of individual cues, this paper argues that marketers need a gestalt approach to understand how consumers perceive online shopping environments. Following a systematic review of the literature on categorizations of online shopping environments, this paper develops and tests a gestalt model of consumer perceptions of online shopping environments. The model shows that consumers perceive online shopping environments in terms of their sense‐making and exploratory potential. It encompasses perceptions at the level of both individual pages and the experience consisting of the navigation through a succession of pages accessed during one visit. It also accounts for the informational needs all shoppers possess, reflected in the central role of information in online shopping environments. The model confirms the importance of the three main categories investigated in the literature (ease of understanding, informativeness, and involving qualities), but provides a theoretically grounded explanation of how consumers perceive online shopping environments holistically. It can form a basis from which to envisage organismic and behavioral responses. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Online visual merchandising (VMD) cues and consumer pleasure and arousal: Purchasing versus browsing situation
Authors: Ha Young , Lennon Sharron J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of various online visual merchandising (VMD) cues—high and low task relevant cues—on consumer pleasure and arousal under different situational involvement (browsing vs. purchasing). A random sample of 1634 female college students participated in an experiment in the context of online apparel shopping. The results of the study revealed a significant effect for high task relevant cues on pleasure and arousal under high situational involvement (purchasing situation). In addition, a significant effect for low task relevant cues on pleasure and arousal under low situational involvement (browsing situation) was found. Pleasure and arousal induced by various online VMD cues were positively related to consumer satisfaction, purchase intention, and approach behavior. The findings of the study emphasize a significant role of VMD cues on apparel Web sites, influencing pleasure and arousal, which in turn increase consumer satisfaction, purchase intention, and approach behavior. The study also provides an important implication for online apparel retailers developing Web sites that may attract both online browsers and purchasers. ©2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.