bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Organometallic Ruthenium–Arene–Diaminotriazine Complexes as Binding Agents to DNA
Authors: Busto Natalia , Valladolid Jesús , Aliende Cristina , Jalón Félix A. , Manzano Blanca R. , Rodríguez Ana M. , Gaspar Jorge F. , Martins Celia , Biver Tarita , Espino Gustavo , Leal José María , García Begoña 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe reactions of two diaminotriazine ligands 2,4‐diamino‐6‐(2‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine (2‐pydaT) and 6‐phenyl‐2,4‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine (PhdaT) with ruthenium–arene precursors led to a new family of ruthenium(II) compounds that were spectroscopically characterized. Four of the complexes were cationic, with the general formula [(η6‐arene)Ru(κ2‐N,N‐2‐pydaT)Cl]X (X=BF4, TsO; arene=p‐cymene: 1.BF4, 1.TsO arene=benzene: 2.BF4, 2.TsO). The neutral cyclometalated complex [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(κ2‐C,N‐PhdaT*)Cl] (3) was also isolated. The structures of complexes 2.BF4 and 3.H2O were determined by X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1.BF4 underwent a partial reversible‐aquation process in water. UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopic measurements showed that the reaction was hindered by the addition of NaCl and was pH‐controlled in acidic solution. At pH 7.0 (sodium cacodylate) Ru–Cl complex 1.BF4 was the only species present in solution, even at low ionic strength. However, in alkaline medium (KOH), complex 1.BF4 underwent basic hydrolysis to afford a Ru–OH complex (5). Fluorimetric studies revealed that the interaction of complex 1.BF4 with DNA was not straightforward; instead, its main features were closely linked to ionic strength and to the [DNA]/complex ratio. The bifunctional complex 1.BF4 was capable of interacting concurrently through both its p‐cymene and 2‐pydaT groups. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies showed that, contrary to the expected behavior, the complex species was biologically inactive; the formation of a Ru–OH complex could be responsible for such behavior.
Stability of Impulsive Stochastic Neutral Partial Differential Equations With Infinite Delays
Authors: Jiang Feng , Shen Yi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence and asymptotic stability in the pth moment of the mild solutions to impulsive stochastic neutral partial differential equations with infinite delays. Sufficient conditions ensuring the stability of the impulsive stochastic system are established. The results are obtained via the Banach fixed point theorem.
Mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von mit dem Vakuumpress‐Trocknungsverfahren thermisch behandeltem Holz
Authors: Wetzig Melanie , Niemz Peter , Sieverts Tom , Bergemann Holger 
Published: February 2012

AbstractZiel der Arbeit war es, ausgewählte Eigenschaften von modifiziertem und nativem Holz zu bestimmen. Es wurden mechanische und physikalische Kenngrößen thermisch modifizierter Buchen‐, Eschen‐ und Pappelproben zweier unterschiedlicher Behandlungsintensitäten ermittelt. Zur Referenz wurden unmodifizierte Proben jeder Holzart getestet. Gegenüber anderen thermischen Vergütungsprozessen beeinflusst das Vakuumpress‐Trocknungsverfahren die Eigenschaften des Holzes weniger stark. Es entstehen auch weniger Emissionen wie Essig‐ oder Ameisensäuren. Die thermische Behandlung von Buche erzielt eine Reduzierung der Dichte und Biegefestigkeit, während die thermisch vergütete Pappel einen leichten Anstieg beider Kenngrößen aufweist. Die Eigenschaften der Esche unterscheiden sich in Abhängigkeit der Behandlungsintensität. Die mit geringer Temperatur vergüteten Proben weisen dem Referenzholz gegenüber zum Teil gestiegene Festigkeiten auf, die höher temperierten Proben stets geringere. Die Dimensionsstabilität steigt infolge der verringerten Gleichgewichtsfeuchte. Anhand der Ergebnisse ist zu erkennen, dass die Änderung der physikalischen wie auch mechanischen Eigenschaften sowohl von der Behandlungsintensität und dem angewandten Verfahren selbst als auch von der behandelten Holzart abhängt.Mechanical and physical properties of wood, heat‐treated with the vacuum press dewatering method. The aim of this work was to analyse selected mechanical and physical behaviours of wood thermally treated with the vacuum press dewatering method, Vacu3. The density, bending and impact bending strength, modulus of elasticity, Brinell hardness and the withdrawal capacity of screws as well as the sorption capacity, change in colour and the thermal conductivity were measured. The investigated beech, ash and poplar samples were thermally treated with the patented vacuum press dewatering method, Vacu3. To test the influence of processing conditions, one type of sample was treated with medium temperatures and the other with high process temperatures. As a reference, the properties of unmodified specimen were determined. Thermal modification of beech affects a decrease in density and bending strength. The opposite is the case for heat‐treated poplar. The properties of heat‐treated ash differ depending on the degree of thermal treatment. The application of medium process temperatures on ash causes an increment in density and bending strength. In contrast, high process temperatures lead to a reduction in density and mechanical properties. As a consequence of the progressive reduction of equilibrium moisture content, the dimensional stability of heat‐treated wood is improved. The test results show that changes in properties are influenced by the treatment intensity as well as by treatment technology.
Wirkstoffauswaschung aus hydrophoben Fassadenbeschichtungen: verkapselte versus unverkapselte Biozidsysteme
Authors: Breuer Klaus , Mayer Florian , Scherer Christian , Schwerd Regina , Sedlbauer Klaus 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDurch Schlagregen können biozide Wirkstoffe, die zur Verhinderung bzw. Verzögerung des Bewuchses von Fassaden mit Algen und Pilzen eingesetzt werden, aus Fassadenbeschichtungen ausgewaschen werden. Seit ca. zehn Jahren werden die Wirkstoffe zunehmend auch in verkapselter Form eingesetzt. In einem einjährigen Freilandversuch wurde die Auswaschung der Wirkstoffe Terbutryn (2‐Methylthio‐4‐tert‐butylamino‐1,3,5‐triazin), Diuron (DCMU, 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea), IPBC (3‐Iodoprop‐2‐ynyl‐N‐butylcarbamat), OIT (2‐n‐Octyl‐isothiazolin‐3‐on) und DCOIT (4, 5‐Di‐chloro‐2‐n‐octyl‐isothiazolin‐3‐on) sowohl in freier als auch in verkapselter Form untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass, eingesetzt in einem hoch wasserabweisenden Putzsystem, eine in ihrer Stärke an den jeweiligen Wirkstoff angepasste Verkapselung die Auswaschung deutlich – um bis zu 85 % bei Diuron – reduziert.Release of biocides from hydrophobic façade coatings: encapsulated vs. non‐capsulated biocide systems. Due to driving rain biocidal active substances, which prevent or delay the overgrow of façades with algae and fungi, can be leached out of the facade coatings. For the past 10 years encapsulated active substances are increasingly used. During a one year field trial the leaching of the substances Terbutryn (2‐Methylthio‐4‐tert‐butylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine), Diuron (DCMU, 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea), IPBC (3‐Iodoprop‐2‐ynyl‐N‐butylcarbamate), OIT (2‐n‐Octyl‐isothiazolin‐3‐one) and DCOIT (4, 5‐Di‐chloro‐2‐n‐octyl‐isothiazolin‐3‐one) have been investigated in capsulated and non‐capsulated form. It shows that a well adjusted rate of encapsulation of the active substances could significantly reduce the release (up to 85 % in case of Diuron) from highly hydrophobic façade coatings.
Energieeffizienz und Wirtschaftlichkeit oberflächennaher Geothermie für das Heizen und Kühlen von Nichtwohngebäuden
Authors: Eicker Ursula , Thumm Felix 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn der Untersuchung wird die Effizienz oberflächennaher Geothermie Anlagen anhand von fünf Bauprojekten analysiert. Die Messergebnisse werden mit Auslegungsdaten der VDI 4640 verglichen, um die verwendeten Dimensionierungsrichtlinien zu überprüfen. Die messtechnischen Auswertungen der Beispielanlagen zeigen, dass die spezifischen Leistungen der Richtlinie nicht erreicht werden und die jährliche Heiz‐ und Kühlenergie pro Meter Sonde relativ niedrig ist. Um einen wirtschaftlichen Kälte‐ bzw. Wärmepreis zu erreichen, spielt die exakte Dimensionierung eine große Rolle. Wie in den Wirtschaftlichkeitsuntersuchungen gezeigt wird, sind aufgrund der geringen spezifischen Leistungen nur die Anlagen rentabel, die sehr geringe Investitionskosten haben. Eine Laufzeiterhöhung mit möglichst hohen spezifischen Leistungen ist daher von großer Bedeutung, um die oberflächennahen Geothermie möglichst ökologisch und ökonomisch sinnvoll zu nutzen.Energy efficiency and cost effectiveness of low depth geothermal heating and cooling for non‐residential buildings. In the study the performance of low depth geothermal heat exchangers is analyzed for five building projects. The measurement results are compared with the German standard of the VDI 4640. The analysis shows that the specific power given in the standard is not achieved and the annual heating and cooling energy per meter borehole is quite low. In order to achieve an economic cooling or heating price, the exact dimensioning of the geothermal heat exchanger is a major criterion. As it is shown in the economic studies, only the systems with a very low invest are profitable. An increase of operating hours with a preferably high specific power is vitally important for a viable use of low depth geothermal energy in an ecological and economical way.
Der generalisierte COND‐Algorithmus zur hygrothermischen Bewertung von Konstruktionen
Authors: Nicolai Andreas 
Published: February 2012

AbstractMittels des COND‐Berechnungsalgorithmus können eindimensionale Konstruktionsaufbauten hinsichtlich des hygrothermischen Verhaltens in der Kondensationsperiode bewertet werden. In Ergänzung zum Standardverfahren (Glaser) nach DIN 4108‐3 berücksichtigt COND den kapillaren Transport von Kondensat. Damit lässt sich der Feuchteschutznachweis auch für moderne praxisbewährte Innendämmsysteme führen, die nach Glaser nicht nachweisfähig sind. Der Berechnungsalgorithmus wird in der überarbeiteten, allgemeingültigen Form detailliert und vollständig dargestellt und beschrieben. Das Materialmodell und eingeführte Vereinfachungen werden diskutiert. Abschließend werden Einsatzbereiche und Grenzen des Verfahrens erläutert.With the COND algorithm architects and engineers may evaluate one‐dimensional constructions with respect to their hygrothermal behavior within a condensation period. COND considers, in contrast to the standard method (Glaser‐method) according to DIN 4108‐3, the capillary transport of interstitial condensate. The method allows hygrothermal verification of constructions, including modern internal insulation systems. Such systems, proven to be effective in practice but not verifiable with the Glaser method, may be analyzed and certified with the COND method. The article includes a full and detailed description of this computational algorithm. The paper discusses the material model and introduced simplifications, and concludes with a review on application fields and limits of the method.
Einfluss von Hohlräumen auf die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von ausgewählten Holzwerkstoffen für den Baueinsatz
Authors: Joščák Matúš , Sonderegger Walter , Niemz Peter , Schnider Thomas , Oppikofer Reinhard , Lammar Laura 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn ausgewählten Holzwerkstoffen (Buchenfurnier, MDF‐ und Spanplatten) wurde der Einfluss des Einbringens von Hohlräumen auf die Wärmeleitfähigkeit untersucht. Für die Versuche wurden die Platten in mehreren Lagen geschichtet (Lagendicke je nach Material 2,7 bis 5 mm) und die Aufbauten variiert, wobei Platten mit und ohne Hohlräume verwendet wurden. Um den Einfluss der Wärmestrahlung in den Hohlräumen zu untersuchen, wurden zusätzlich Aluminiumfolien (geringer Emissionsgrad) eingelegt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass durch das Einbringen von Hohlräumen (Volumenanteil ca. 46 %) eine Reduzierung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit um bis zu 51 % erreicht wird. Ein zusätzliches Einlegen von Aluminiumfolie quer zur Wärmestromrichtung reduziert die Wärmeleitfähigkeitswerte nochmals wesentlich (bis zu 64 %) aufgrund der stark reduzierten Wärmestrahlung in den Hohlräumen. Dies ist besonders ausgeprägt bei den Aufbauten mit größeren Hohlraumdicken. Um das Potential des Anbringens von Hohlräumen im Holzbauwesen zu nutzen, wurde ein Vorschlag für ein neues Produkt auf Holzbasis präsentiert.Influence of the air cavities on thermal conductivity of selected wood based materials and their application for building industry. On selected wood‐based materials (beech veneer, MDF and particle board), the influence of inserting air cavities on the thermal conductivity was investigated. For the tests, the particular boards (board thickness: 2.7 to 5 mm according to the material) were layered in multiple layers by varying the assemblies and using boards with and without cavities. Additionally, aluminium foils (low emissivity) were inserted to investigate the influence of heat radiation in the cavities. It can be stated that inserting air cavities (approximately 46 % of core material) results in a reduction of thermal conductivity up to 51 %. An additional insertion of aluminium foils perpendicular to the direction of heat flow reduces the thermal conductivity once more significantly (up to 64 %) due to a strong reduced heat radiation within the cavities. This is particularly pronounced in the constructions with larger air cavity thicknesses. Additionally, a proposal of a new product based on wood has been presented to develop the potential of inserting cavities for timber construction.
A novel and simple method of production and biophysical characterization of a mini‐membrane protein, Ost4p: A Subunit of yeast oligosaccharyl transferase
Authors: Kumar Amit , Ward Priscilla , Katre Uma V. , Mohanty Smita 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAsparagine‐linked glycosylation is an essential and highly conserved protein modification reaction. In eukaryotes, oligosaccharyl transferase (OT), a multi‐subunit membrane‐associated enzyme complex, catalyzes this reaction in newly synthesized proteins. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, OT consists of nine nonidentical membrane proteins. Ost4p, the smallest subunit, bridges the catalytic subunit Stt3p with Ost3p. Mutation of transmembrane residues 18–24 in Ost4p has negative effect on OT activity, disrupts the Stt3p–Ost4p–Ost3p complex, results in temperature‐sensitive phenotype, and hypoglycosylation. Heterologous expression and purification of integral membrane proteins are the bottleneck in membrane protein research. The authors report the cloning, successful overexpression and purification of recombinant Ost4p with a novel but simple method producing milligram quantities of pure protein. GB1 protein was found to be the most suitable tag for the large scale production of Ost4p. The cleavage of Ost4p conveniently leaves GB1 protein in solution eliminating further purification. The precipitated pure Ost4p is reconstituted in appropriate membrane mimetic. The recombinant protein is highly helical as indicated by the far‐UV CD spectrum. The well‐dispersed heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectrum indicates that this minimembrane protein is well‐folded. The successful production of pure recombinant Ost4p with a novel yet simple method may have important ramification for the production of other membrane proteins. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:499–507, 2012.
Peptide nanotube composed of cyclic tetra‐β‐peptide having polydiacetylene
Authors: Ishihara Yusuke , Kimura Shunsaku 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA cyclic tetra‐β‐peptide composed of three β‐alanine residues and a L‐β‐homolysine residue having 10,12‐pentacosadiynoic amide at the side chain was synthesized. The cyclic tetra‐β‐peptide formed peptide nanotubes in CDCl3. The diacetylene units along the peptide nanotubes were polymerized by UV irradiation to obtain peptide nanotubes with polydiacetylene along the nanotube. TEM and AFM observations of the polymerized cyclic tetra‐β‐peptides confirmed that the peptide nanotube structure was preserved after polymerization. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 155–160, 2012.
Intraoperative, postoperative and reoperative problems with ileoanal pouches
Authors: Sagar P M , Pemberton J H 
Published: February 2012

Abstract

Background
Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has been developed and refined since its introduction in the late 1970s. Nonetheless, it is a procedure associated with significant morbidity. The aim of this review was to provide a structured approach to the challenges that surgeons and physicians encounter in the management of intraoperative, postoperative and reoperative problems associated with ileoanal pouches.

Methods
The review was based on relevant studies identified from an electronic search of MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed databases from 1975 to April 2011. There were no language or publication year restrictions. Original references in published articles were reviewed.

Results
Although the majority of patients experience long-term success with an ileoanal pouch, significant morbidity surrounds IPAA. Surgical intervention is often critical to achieve optimal control of the situation.

Conclusion
A structured management plan will minimize the adverse consequences of the problems associated with pouches.
A new method of spermatic cord mobilization in herniorrhaphy
Authors: Tan Yi‐Hong , Xiao Yu‐Gen , Du Guo‐Neng , Liu Jian‐Wen , Li Min , Xu Li‐Xiao‐Zi , Qiu Wan‐Shou 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSpermatic cord mobilization is a routine part of inguinal hernia repair, but the method of cord mobilization varies among surgeons. This study establishes an anatomic plane for spermatic cord mobilization. We studied the anatomy of the superficial cremasteric fascia in 105 male patients during herniorrhaphy for primary inguinal hernias. The mean patient age was 44.8 (18–71) years and mean body mass index was 24.1 kg/m2 (21.5–27.1 kg/m2). The two layers of the superficial cremasteric fascia between the spermatic cord and the inguinal falx were incised to mobilize the cord. We found that spermatic cord mobilization during herniorrhaphy can be easily approached through an anatomic plane between the spermatic cord and the conjoined tendon with subsequent division of the superficial cremasteric fascia. None of the patients experienced any hemorrhage or nerve injury during cord mobilization. We found this method to be both safe and easy to learn. Clin. Anat. 25:1074–1079, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Versatile Effects of Aurone Structure on Mushroom Tyrosinase Activity
Authors: Dubois Carole , Haudecoeur Romain , Orio Maylis , Belle Catherine , Bochot Constance , Boumendjel Ahcène , Hardré Renaud , Jamet Hélène , Réglier Marius 
Published: February 2012

AbstractElucidation of the binding modes of Ty inhibitors is an important step for in‐depth studies on how to regulate tyrosinase activity. In this paper we highlight the extraordinarily versatile effects of the aurone structure on mushroom Ty activity. Depending on the position of the OH group on the B‐ring, aurones can behave either as substrates or as hyperbolic activators. The synthesis of a hybrid aurone through combination of an aurone moiety with HOPNO (2‐hydroxypyridine N‐oxide), a good metal chelate, led us to a new, efficient, mixed inhibitor for mushroom tyrosinase. Another important feature pointed out by our study is the presence of more than one site for aurone compounds on mushroom tyrosinase. Because study of the binding of the hybrid aurone was difficult to perform with the enzyme, we undertook binding studies with tyrosinase functional models in order to elucidate the binding mode (chelating vs. bridging) on a dicopper(II) center. Use of EPR combined with theoretical DFT calculations allowed us to propose a preferred chelating mode for the interaction of the hybrid aurone with a dicopper(II) center.
Oxygen Electroreduction Activity and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Platinum and Early Transition Metal Alloys
Authors: Stephens Ifan E. L. , Bondarenko Alexander S. , Bech Lone , Chorkendorff Ib 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied experimentally on sputter‐cleaned, polycrystalline electrodes of Pt3Y, Pt5Y, Pt2Y, Pt3Sc, Pt3Hf, Pt3Zr and Pt under conditions relevant for low‐temperature fuel cells. The surfaces were characterised in situ by means of electrochemical methods and ex situ under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The ORR activity was established in an electrochemical cell containing 0.1 M HClO4 by use of a rotating ring disk electrode assembly. The surface composition was characterised before and after the electrochemical measurements by using angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ORR activity of the electrodes increased in the following order: Pt2Y≈Pt3Zr≈Pt≈<Pt3Hf<Pt3Sc≪Pt5Y<Pt3Y. At 23 °C, the most active catalyst, Pt3Y, exhibited a six‐ to ninefold improvement in activity over Pt in the potential range 0.9–0.87 V with respect to a reversible hydrogen electrode. Over the same potential range at 60 °C, Pt3Y exhibited a four‐ to fivefold improvement in activity over Pt. The angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses show that Pt3Y and Pt5Y formed a Pt overlayer under ORR conditions. In contrast, the surfaces of Pt3Hf and Pt3Zr comprised a mixture of Pt and HfOx or ZrOx, respectively, which explained their poor performance.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Constructed from Versatile [WS4Cux]x−2 Units: Micropores in Highly Interpenetrated Systems
Authors: Lu Zhen‐Zhong , Zhang Rui , Pan Zhao‐Rui , Li Yi‐Zhi , Guo Zi‐Jian , Zheng He‐Gen 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) formed by [WS4Cux]x−2 secondary building units (SBUs) and multi‐pyridyl ligands are presented. The [WS4Cux]x−2 SBUs function as network vertexes showing various geometries and connectivities. Compound 1 contains one‐dimensional channels formed in fourfold interpenetrating diamondoid networks with a hexanuclear [WS4Cu5]3+ unit as SBU, which shows square‐pyramidal geometry and acts as a tetrahedral node. Compound 2 contains brick‐wall‐like layer also with a hexanuclear [WS4Cu5]3+ unit as SBU. The [WS4Cu5]3+ unit in 2 is a new type of [WS4Cux]x−2 cluster unit in which the five Cu+ ions are in one plane with the W atom, forming a planar unit. Compound 3 shows a nanotubular structure with a pentanuclear [WS4Cu4]2+ unit as SBU, which is saddle‐shaped and acts as a tetrahedral node. Compound 4 contains large cages formed between two interpenetrated (10,3)‐a networks also with a pentanuclear [WS4Cu4]2+ unit acting as a triangular node. The [WS4Cu4]2+ unit in 4 is isomeric to that in 3 and first observed in a MOF. Compound 5 contains zigzag chains with a tetrahedral [WS4Cu3]+ unit as SBU, which acts as a V‐shaped connector. The influence of synthesis conditions including temperature, ligand, anions of CuI salts, and the ratio of [NH4]2WS4 to CuI salt on the formation of these [WS4Cux]x−2‐based MOFs were also studied. Porous MOF 3 is stable upon removal and exchange of the solvent guests, and when accommodating different solvent molecules, it exhibits specific colors depending on the polarity of incorporated solvent, that is, it shows a rare solvatochromic effect and has interesting prospects in sensing applications.