bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disregard for rules: the early development and predictors of a specific dimension of disruptive behavior disorders
Authors: Petitclerc Amélie , Boivin Michel , Dionne Ginette , Zoccolillo Mark , Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: July 2009

Background:  Disregard for rules, an important dimension of oppositional defiant and conduct disorders, is frequent during early childhood, but the development of its chronic form has not been studied during this key socialization period. This study aimed to describe the developmental trajectories of disregard for rules during early childhood and identify prenatal and postnatal predictors for a high trajectory.Methods:  Participants were involved in a longitudinal study of a birth cohort followed yearly from 5 to 74 months of age (N = 1,942). Prenatal and postnatal predictors were measured by parental report at the beginning of the study, and parents reported child disregard for rules at five time points from 29 to 74 months of age.Results:  Four groups of children followed distinct and stable trajectories of mother‐rated disregard for rules: Very Low (approximately 9.1%), Low (56.9%), Moderate (29.7%) and Chronic (4.3%). As expected, male sex was a significant predictor of the chronic trajectory (OR = 1.76, CI = 1.09–2.83). Mothers’ history of antisocial behavior (OR = 1.72, CI = 1.02–2.91), and postnatal depressive symptoms experienced by the mother (OR = 1.71, CI = 1.03–2.84) and the father (OR = 2.02, CI = 1.10–3.71) were also important independent predictors. However, contrary to expectations, children’s difficult temperament and parenting at 5 months did not predict chronic disregard for rules beyond other risk factors.Conclusions:  High disregard for rules is fairly stable during early childhood and is associated with risk factors identifiable before and shortly after birth which may be used for targeted prevention.
The relationship between language development and behaviour problems in children with hearing loss
Authors: Stevenson Jim , McCann Donna , Watkin Peter , Worsfold Sarah , Kennedy Colin ,   on behalf of the Hearing Outcomes Study Team
Published: July 2009

Background:  There are well‐replicated findings that link poor development on a range of communication skills with increased behavioural problems. This paper examines this relationship in children with hearing loss.Method:  One hundred and twenty children with hearing loss (67 boys, 53 girls) and 63 hearing children (37 boys, 26 girls) with a mean age of 8 years from eight districts in Southern England were assessed for receptive and expressive language skills. The relationships between these measures and an aggregate of parent‐ and teacher‐reported behaviour problems in the children were investigated.Results:  Children with hearing loss had higher levels of behaviour problems compared to hearing children. Once the language abilities of children with hearing loss are taken into account, the negative effects of hearing loss on behaviour disappear.Conclusions:  Behaviour problems are found more commonly in children with hearing loss and the level of behaviour problems is highest amongst those children with hearing loss with the least developed language capabilities.
Exposure to an enriched environment selectively increases the functional response of the pre‐synaptic NMDA receptors which modulate noradrenaline release in mouse hippocampus
Authors: Grilli Massimo , Zappettini Stefania , Zanardi Alessio , Lagomarsino Federica , Pittaluga Anna , Zoli Michele , Marchi Mario 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe evaluated the impact of environmental training on the functions of pre‐synaptic glutamatergic NMDA and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and nicotinic receptors expressed by hippocampal noradrenergic nerve terminals. Synaptosomes isolated from the hippocampi of mice housed in enriched (EE) or standard (SE) environment were labeled with [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) and tritium release was monitored during exposure in superfusion to NMDA, AMPA, epibatidine or high K+. NMDA ‐evoked [3H]NA release from EE hippocampal synaptosomes was significantly higher than that from SE synaptosomes, while the [3H]NA overflow elicited by 100 μM AMPA, 1 μM epibatidine or (9, 15, 25 mM) KCl was unchanged. In EE mice, the apparent affinity of NMDA or glycine was unmodified, while the efficacy was significantly augmented. Sensitivity to non‐selective or subtype‐selective NMDA receptor antagonists (MK‐801, ifenprodil and Zn2+ions) was not modified in EE. Finally, the analysis of NMDA receptor subunit mRNA expression in noradrenergic cell bodies of the locus coeruleus showed that NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NR2D subunits were unchanged, while NR2C decreased significantly in EE mice as compared to SE mice. Functional up‐regulation of the pre‐synaptic NMDA receptors modulating NA release might contribute to the improved learning and memory found in animals exposed to an EE.
The metabolic syndrome in overweight epileptic patients treated with valproic acid
Authors: Verrotti Alberto , Manco Rossella , Agostinelli Sergio , Coppola Giangennaro , Chiarelli Francesco 
Published: July 2009

SummaryPurpose:  To evaluate the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents treated with valproate (VPA).Methods:  One hundred fourteen patients (54 male and 60 female) were studied. These patients were followed from the beginning of therapy for at least 24 months; at the end of follow‐up, 46 patients (40.4%) had a considerable increase in body weight, whereas the other patients (59.6%) remained with the same weight. The MS was defined as having at least three of the following: abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension.Results:  Forty‐six patients developed obesity; 20 (43.5%) of 46 patients developed MS. Abnormal glucose homeostasis was identified in 45% of patients. High total serum cholesterol concentrations were noted in 10 (50%), high serum triglyceride concentrations in 7 (35%), and low high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in 15 (75%) of the 20 subjects with MS. However, there were no significant differences in the features of MS between boys and girls with MS.Conclusions:  Patients who gain weight during VPA therapy can develop MS with a possible risk of cardiovascular disease.
Cost Analysis of the Geriatric Resources for Assessment and Care of Elders Care Management Intervention
Authors: Counsell Steven R. , Callahan Christopher M. , Tu Wanzhu , Stump Timothy E. , Arling Gregory W. 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVES: To provide, from the healthcare delivery system perspective, a cost analysis of the Geriatric Resources for Assessment and Care of Elders (GRACE) intervention, which is effective in improving quality of care and outcomes.DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with physicians as the unit of randomization.SETTING: Community‐based primary care health centers.PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred fifty‐one low‐income seniors aged 65 and older; 474 participated in the intervention and 477 in usual care.INTERVENTION: Home‐based care management for 2 years by a nurse practitioner and social worker who collaborated with the primary care physician and a geriatrics interdisciplinary team and were guided by 12 care protocols for common geriatric conditions.MEASUREMENTS: Chronic and preventive care costs, acute care costs, and total costs in the full sample (n=951) and predefined high‐risk (n=226) and low‐risk (n=725) groups.RESULTS: Mean 2‐year total costs for intervention patients were not significantly different from those for usual care patients in the full sample ($14,348 vs $11,834; P=.20) and high‐risk group ($17,713 vs $18,776; P=.38). In the high‐risk group, increases in chronic and preventive care costs were offset by reductions in acute care costs, and the intervention was cost saving during the postintervention, or third, year ($5,088 vs $6,575; P<.001). Mean 2‐year total costs were higher in the low‐risk group ($13,307 vs $9,654; P=.01).CONCLUSION: In patients at high risk of hospitalization, the GRACE intervention is cost neutral from the healthcare delivery system perspective. A cost‐effectiveness analysis is needed to guide decisions about implementation in low‐risk patients.
Allostatic Load and Frailty in Older Adults
Authors: Gruenewald Tara L. , Seeman Teresa E. , Karlamangla Arun S. , Sarkisian Catherine A. 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between allostatic load (AL), an index of multisystem physiological dysregulation, and frailty development over a 3‐year follow‐up in a sample of older adults.DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study.SETTING: Community.PARTICIPANTS: High‐functioning men and women aged 70 to 79 at study entry.MEASUREMENTS: Multisystem physiological dysregulation, or AL, was assessed according to 13 biomarkers of cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and metabolic function. An AL score was computed as the total number of biomarkers for which participant values fell into high‐risk biomarker quartiles. Frailty status (not frail, intermediate frail, frail) was determined according to the total number of five indicators of frailty: weight loss, exhaustion, weak grip, slow gait, and low physical activity. The association between level of AL at baseline and frailty status 3 years later was examined using ordinal logistic regression in 803 participants not frail at baseline.RESULTS: In a multivariable model adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and behavioral characteristics, each 1‐unit increase in AL at baseline was associated with a 10% greater likelihood of frailty at the 3‐year follow‐up (cumulative adjusted odds ratio=1.10, 95% confidence interval=1.03–1.19).CONCLUSION: These findings support the hypothesis that dysregulation across multiple physiological systems is associated with greater risk of frailty. Greater levels of multisystem physiological dysregulation may serve as a warning sign of frailty development in later life.
High Oxidative Stress Is Correlated with Frailty in Elderly Chinese
Authors: Wu I‐Chien , Shiesh Shu‐Chu , Kuo Po‐Hsiu , Lin Xi‐Zhang 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress and frailty in elderly people.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional study.SETTING: Community and hospital‐based outpatient clinic.PARTICIPANTS: Ninety participants aged 65 and older.MEASUREMENTS: Frailty status was determined according to the presence of weak handgrip strength, weight loss, slow walking speed, exhaustion, and low activity level and was classified as frail (≥3 criteria), prefrail (1 or 2 criteria), or robust (0 criteria). An oxidative stress marker (serum 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, 8‐OHdG), metabolic markers (body mass index, waist–hip ratio, serum lipids, glucose, and albumin), an inflammatory marker (serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, hs‐CRP), demographic information, and comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, overweight or obesity, impaired fasting plasma glucose, renal insufficiency, and depression) were assessed.RESULTS: Of the 90 participants, 21 (23.3%) were frail, 56 (62.2%) were prefrail, and 13 (14.4%) were robust. Frail subjects had higher median (range) serum 8‐OHdG (2.5 ng/mL (1.5–6.2 ng/mL) vs 2.3 ng/mL (0.5–8.1 ng/mL) and 1.0 ng/mL (0.5–5.3 ng/mL)) and serum hs‐CRP (2.5 mg/L (0.3–32.1 mg/L) vs 1.8 mg/L (0.3–50.5 mg/L) and 1.7 mg/L (0.3–4.0 mg/L)) levels, lower mean±standard deviation serum albumin levels (4.1±0.4 g/dL vs 4.4±0.4 g/dL and 4.6±0.2 g/dL) and higher mean waist–hip ratios (0.96±0.11 vs 0.91±0.07 and 0.89±0.05)) than prefrail and robust subjects, respectively (P<.05 for all). In multivariable regression analysis, high serum 8‐OHdG level was still significantly associated with frailty after adjusting for age, smoking status, comorbidities, waist–hip ratio, serum albumin level, and hs‐CRP level.CONCLUSION: High oxidative stress, characterized by high serum 8‐OHdG level, was independently associated with frailty in the selected sample of elderly Chinese.
Use of the Late‐Life Function and Disability Instrument to Assess Disability in Major Depression
Authors: Karp Jordan F. , Skidmore Elizabeth , Lotz Meredith , Lenze Eric , Dew Mary Amanda , Reynolds Charles F. 
Published: July 2009

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there was greater disability in subjects with depression than in those without, the correlation between disability and depression severity and quality of life, and whether improvement in disability after antidepressant pharmacotherapy was greater in those who responded to antidepressant treatment.DESIGN: Disability in subjects with and without depression from two different studies was compared for 22 weeks. Correlations were performed for the subjects with depression between disability and depression, anxiety, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), and medical comorbidity. T‐tests were used to compare disability between subjects who did and did not respond to antidepressant treatment and change in disability after pharmacotherapy.SETTING: Late‐life depression research clinic.PARTICIPANTS: The 313 subjects were recruited from primary care and the community and were aged 60 and older; 244 subjects were participants in a depression treatment protocol, and 69 subjects without depression participated in a separate longitudinal observational study of the mental and cognitive health of depression‐free older adults.MEASUREMENTS: The Late‐Life Function and Disability Instrument (LL‐FDI), a measure of instrumental activity of daily living, personal role, and social role functioning.RESULTS: Subjects with depression scored lower than controls for domains measuring limitation (can do) and frequency (does do) of activities. Both disability domains correlated with depression severity, anxiety, HRQOL, and cognition. Disability improved with antidepressant treatment; for partial responders who continued to receive higher‐dose antidepressant treatment out to 22 weeks, there was continued improvement, although not to the level of comparison subjects without depression.CONCLUSION: The LL‐FDI appears to discriminate subjects with depression from those without, correlates with depression severity, and demonstrates sensitivity to antidepressant treatment response. We recommend further investigation of the LL‐FDI and similar disability instruments for assessing depression‐related disability.
Assurance of Learning in the MIS Program
Authors: Harper Jeffrey S. , Harder Joseph T. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTThis article describes the development of a systematic and practical methodology for assessing program effectiveness and monitoring student development in undergraduate decision sciences programs. The model we present is based on a student's progression through learning stages associated with four key competencies: technical, analytical, communicative, and managerial. Key learning activities are embedded in major courses, resulting in clear and documented demonstrated abilities from the student. The work is based upon what is formally known about student outcomes assessment and input from our own Management Information Systems (MIS) program stakeholders and accrediting bodies. The results of the assurance of learning model can be, in turn, used to refine curriculum and to meet accreditation standards.
Why Don't More Students Major in IS?
Authors: Kuechler William L. , McLeod Alexander , Simkin Mark G. 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTThe large increases in the number of information systems (IS) majors about 10 years ago have been matched by equally large decreases in IS enrollments over the last few years. This article addresses the question of why students choose any major in general, and why students no longer choose to become an IS major in particular. We used a validated survey instrument and the responses from 163 students to examine this question in detail. Not surprisingly, we found that “genuine interest” in the subject was the most salient factor affecting the decision to major in IS. More surprising were what factors did not appear to influence this decision—for example, the promise of good job salaries, job security, the advice of others, or even the image of those who become IS professionals. Students seem aware that information technology employment opportunities exist; if job and salary issues contribute to choosing majors other than IS, it is due to the perception of an unfavorable work/salary ratio for our field rather than one of job security or availability. That is, the amount of work to get an IS degree (the perception of harder‐than‐average courses) combined with (for many students) the perception of an undesirable amount of continuous training to keep an IS career just do not seem to balance with salary levels. These findings have important implications for the recruiting efforts of IS faculty seeking to attract more IS majors.
The Corporate Gaze ‐ Transparency and Other Corporate Visions
Authors: Garsten Christina 
Published: July 2009

In an expanding global economy, the notion of ‘transparency’ has gained increasing currency as an organizational goal. In a wide variety of situations, increased transparency is held up as a preferred point of direction for organizations, public as well as private. The notion of transparency implies visibility, possibilities for seeing through, for seeing, and being been. It carries hopes for more just procedures and open decision making processes. It suggests higher degrees of clarity, rationality and accountability. Transparency, then, is an entry‐point to the understanding of contemporary society and culture and the visions and challenges that are attached to it.The placing of transparency on the corporate agenda is evinced in the creation of corporate codes of conduct and standards for corporate social accountability. Through workshops, training sessions and consultancy services, corporate actors are learning how to ‘open their books’ to public scrutiny and judgement. We see it in ways of measuring and ranking performance and procedural outcomes. It is evinced as well in the use information technology and architectural design, ranging from online calendars to glassed buildings. Yet, processes of making visible certain kinds of information also involve complex negotiations regarding what shall be displayed and what shall remain hidden. It is not always in the best interest of a corporation to reveal valuable information. For example, companies often have to be reticent about providing information that may rob them of their competitive edge, and may have strong interests in being secretive about certain aspects of their activities.The paper addresses the significance of ‘transparency’ for the understanding of contemporary organizational life. What broader social trends and fashions inform the call for transparency in organizations? How is transparency manifested in organizational practices? What are some of the advanteges and challenges in pursuing transparency? Such questions, and other issues, will be addressed in this presentation
Histogenesis of Abrikossoff tumour of the oral cavity
Authors: Haikal F , Maceira JP , Dias EP , Ramos‐e‐Silva M 
Published: July 2009

Abstract:  Background:  Abrikossoff or granular cell tumour (GCT) is a relatively rare neoplasia, benign in most of the cases. It may occur in any part of the human body, but it has an oral location in 70% of the cases. Its origin has been discussed for decades, and it is not yet definitively determined. Immunohistochemical techniques suggest its origin in the Schwann cells, while more recent studies with new markers indicate an origin related to neuroendocrine cells.Objective:  Contribute to the clarification of histogenesis of oral Abrikossoff tumour studying immunohistochemical marking of 11 oral Brazilian cases.Materials and methods:  Samples of tissues from the oral mucosa, tongue and lips placed in paraffin blocks, from eleven patients with a histopathological diagnosis of benign GCT were studied. Four different anti‐serums (S‐100, vimentin, PGP9.5 and ENE) were used for immunoperoxydase technique.Results:  A clear positivity for S‐100 protein and vimentin was observed, with markers indicating origin from the Schwann cells. Less intense positivity was found in some cases, for ENE and PGP9.5, which suggests a neuroendocrine origin.Conclusions:  The results obtained suggest an origin from Schwann cells, but also arise the possibility of neuroendocrine origin. New methods and more specific immunohistochemical markers are needed to elucidate the origin of the Abrikossoff tumour.
Effects of Workload on Seat Pressure While Cycling with Two Different Saddles
Authors: Carpes Felipe Pivetta , Dagnese Frederico , Kleinpaul Julio Francisco , Martins Elisandro de Assis , Mota Carlos Bolli 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Seat pressure during cycling and its relationship to urological disorders have been discussed extensively in recently published literature. The effects of exercise configuration on seat pressure, however, still have not been fully investigated.

Aim
This study evaluates the effects of two different pedaling workloads and two saddle designs on saddle pressure in 22 (11 men and 11 women) recreational cyclists (bicycling &lt;2 hours per week).

Methods
Seat pressure was measured in the saddle surface while pedaling at workloads of 150 and 300 W using a plain and a holed saddle model, both without any gel cushion characteristics. Analysis of variance was applied to compare seat pressure between situations.

Main Outcome Measure
Study the importance of bicycle saddle pressure.

Results
Mean seat pressure was not different between men and women. For the plain saddle, the men’s average seat pressure increased as the workload increased. Using a holed saddle, the mean pressure increased as the workload increased, regardless of gender.

Conclusions
The increase of workload increased the seat pressure for the subjects, with the main effects dependent on workload. The use of a holed saddle was not directly related to lesser seat pressure during cycling. Our results support our understanding of a similarity between genders related to mean seat pressure, and suggest that different workload ranges may present different results for seat pressure.