bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Basic Guide to the Propagation and Manipulation of the Clubroot Pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae
Authors: Salih Rasha , Javed Muhammad Asim , Brochu Anne‐Sophie , Prakash Priyavashini , Côté Jean‐Dominic , Pérez‐López Edel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClubroot caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae is a devastating disease affecting the canola industry worldwide. The socio‐economic impact of clubroot can be significant, particularly in regions where Brassica crops are a major agricultural commodity. The disease can cause significant crop losses, leading to reduced yield and income for farmers. Extensive studies have been conducted to understand the biology and genetics of the pathogens and develop more effective management strategies. However, the basic procedures used for pathogen storage and virulence analysis have not been assembled or discussed in detail. As a result, there are discrepancies among the different protocols used today. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive and easily accessible resource for researchers who are interested in replicating or building upon the methods used in the study of the clubroot pathogen. Here, we discuss in detail the methods used for P. brassicae spore isolation, inoculation, quantification, propagation, and molecular techniques such as DNA extraction and PCR. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Extraction of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores and propagationSupport Protocol 1: Evans blue staining to identify resting spore viabilitySupport Protocol 2: Storage of Plasmodiophora brassicaeBasic Protocol 2: Generation of single spore isolates from P. brassicae field isolatesBasic Protocol 3: Phenotyping of Plasmodiophora brassicae isolatesBasic Protocol 4: Genomic DNA extraction from Plasmodiophora brassicae resting sporesBasic Protocol 5: Molecular detection of Plasmodiophora brassicae
Unveiling Advancements: Trends and Hotspots of Metal‐Organic Frameworks in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Fei Honghan , Wu Yi‐nan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are robust, crystalline, and porous materials featured by their superior CO2 adsorption capacity, tunable energy band structure, and enhanced photovoltaic conversion efficiency, making them highly promising for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (PCO2RR). This study presents a comprehensive examination of the advancements in MOFs‐based PCO2RR field spanning the period from 2011 to 2023. Employing bibliometric analysis, the paper scrutinizes the widely adopted terminology and citation patterns, elucidating trends in publication, leading research entities, and the thematic evolution within the field. The findings highlight a period of rapid expansion and increasing interdisciplinary integration, with extensive international and institutional collaboration. A notable emphasis on significant research clusters and key terminologies identified through co‐occurrence network analysis, highlighting predominant research on MOFs such as UiO, MIL, ZIF, porphyrin‐based MOFs, their composites, and the hybridization with photosensitizers and molecular catalysts. Furthermore, prospective design approaches for catalysts are explored, encompassing single‐atom catalysts (SACs), interfacial interaction enhancement, novel MOF constructions, biocatalysis, etc. It also delves into potential avenues for scaling these materials from the laboratory to industrial applications, underlining the primary technical challenges that need to be overcome to facilitate the broader application and development of MOFs‐based PCO2RR technologies.
Impact of different tissue dissociation protocols on endothelial cell recovery from developing mouse lungs
Authors: Palumbo Francesco , Gunjak Miša , Lee Patty J. , Günther Stefan , Hilgendorff Anne , Vadász István , Herold Susanne , Seeger Werner , Mühlfeld Christian , Morty Rory E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlow cytometry and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting are widely used to study endothelial cells, for which the generation of viable single‐cell suspensions is an essential first step. Two enzymatic approaches, collagenase A and dispase, are widely employed for endothelial cell isolation. In this study, the utility of both enzymatic approaches, alone and in combination, for endothelial cell isolation from juvenile and adult mouse lungs was assessed, considering the number, viability, and subtype composition of recovered endothelial cell pools. Collagenase A yielded an 8‐12‐fold superior recovery of viable endothelial cells from lung tissue from developing mouse pups, compared to dispase, although dispase proved superior in efficiency for epithelial cell recovery. Single‐cell RNA‐Seq revealed that the collagenase A approach yielded a diverse endothelial cell subtype composition of recovered endothelial cell pools, with broad representation of arterial, capillary, venous, and lymphatic lung endothelial cells; while the dispase approach yielded a recovered endothelial cell pool highly enriched for one subset of general capillary endothelial cells, but poor representation of other endothelial cells subtypes. These data indicate that tissue dissociation markedly influences the recovery of endothelial cells, and the endothelial subtype composition of recovered endothelial cell pools, as assessed by single‐cell RNA‐Seq.
Detection of bladder cancer cells using quantitative interferometric label‐free imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Dudaie Matan , Dotan Eden , Barnea Itay , Haifler Miki , Shaked Natan T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBladder cancer is one of the most common cancers with a high recurrence rate. Patients undergo mandatory yearly scrutinies, including cystoscopies, which makes bladder cancer highly distressing and costly. Here, we aim to develop a non‐invasive, label‐free method for the detection of bladder cancer cells in urine samples, which is based on interferometric imaging flow cytometry. Eight urothelial carcinoma and one normal urothelial cell lines, along with red and white blood cells, imaged quantitatively without staining by an interferometric phase microscopy module while flowing in a microfluidic chip, and classified by two machine‐learning algorithms, based on deep‐learning semantic segmentation convolutional neural network and extreme gradient boosting. Furthermore, urine samples obtained from bladder‐cancer patients and healthy volunteers were imaged, and classified by the system. We achieved accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) of 99% and 97% for the cell lines on both machine‐learning algorithms. For the real urine samples, the accuracy and AUC were 96% and 96% for the deep‐learning algorithm and 95% and 93% for the gradient‐boosting algorithm, respectively. By combining label‐free interferometric imaging flow cytometry with high‐end classification algorithms, we achieved high‐performance differentiation between healthy and malignant cells. The proposed technique has the potential to supplant cystoscopy in the bladder cancer surveillance and diagnosis space.
Volumetric dried blood spots for determination of phosphatidylethanol: Validation of a liquid chromatography tandem masspectrometry method and clinical application
Authors: Beck Olof , Barroso Miguel , Hermansson Sigurd , Widén Cristopher , Wallin Christer , Nilsson‐Wallmark Cecilia , de Bejczy Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhosphatidylethanol (PEth) measurement in whole blood samples is established as a specific alcohol biomarker with clinical and forensic applications. Establishment of dried blood spots (DBSs) as a specimen for PEth determination offers several advantages and was the focus of this work. A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method using a 96‐well format for sample preparation was developed and validated. PEth was extracted from DBSs by using isopropanol containing PEth‐d5 as internal standard. The blood sampling used a commercial volumetric DBS device having a phosholipase D inhibitor incorporated to stop continuous PEth formation. The method quantified PEth in the range of 0.05–10 μmol/L, with a bias and imprecision of less than 15%. In a clinical study (n = 25) using fingerprick blood, the volumetric device offered more precise quantifications (CV 4.6%) compared with the Whatman 903 Protein Saver card device (CV 16.6%). In another clinical study (n = 48), the use of dried venous and capillary blood, and liquid venous blood was compared under real‐life conditions with samples sent by postal service. The capillary and venous DBS samples gave identical results while the liquid blood gave slightly higher values. Calculation of elimination half‐life (PEth 16:0/18:1) in 31 cases based on two consecutive samples with 2–9 days in between gave results (mean 6.2 days) that agree with literature but several cases with values over 10 days. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that volumetric DBS is a valid specimen for determination of PEth blood concentrations, offering several advantages.
Modular Access to Tetrasubstituted N−H Pyrroles by Catalytic 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and α,β‐Ynones
Authors: Huang Qian , Li Zi‐Han , Zhao Zhen‐Ni , Chen Bo‐Ting , He Feng‐Kai , Huang Yi‐Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient synthetic strategies for the preparation of tetrasubstituted N−H pyrrole derivatives, especially in an environmentally benign fashion is important yet challenging. Herein, we report a copper(II)‐catalyzed tandem reaction involving 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of α,β‐ynones and glycine iminoesters, followed by copper(II)‐promoted oxidative (air) dehydrogenative aromatization, allowing de novo access to tetrasubstituted N−H pyrroles in up to 81 % yield under green reaction conditions. A possible reaction pathway is tentatively proposed. Finally, fully substituted pyrroles are available by N‐alkylation, and a preliminary phase‐transfer catalytic asymmetric N‐alkylation was also studied to give an axially chiral pyrrole.
Combined approach for predicting the efficacy of nivolumab in head and neck carcinoma by tissue and soluble expressions of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2
Authors: Sato Ryosuke , Komatsuda Hiroki , Inoue Takahiro , Wakisaka Risa , Kono Michihisa , Yamaki Hidekiyo , Ohara Kenzo , Kumai Takumi , Kishibe Kan , Hayashi Tatsuya , Takahara Miki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPredictive biomarkers for nivolumab in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (RMHNSCC) have not yet been established.MethodsThe tumor proportion score (TPS), combined positive score (CPS), and soluble forms of programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) and programmed cell death ligand‐2 (PD‐L2) were retrospectively analyzed in patients with RMHNSCC treated with nivolumab.ResultsThe positivity rates for TPS (PD‐L1), CPS (PD‐L1), TPS (PD‐L2), and CPS (PD‐L2) were 73.8%, 78.2%, 56.4%, and 78.2%, respectively. Patients with high TPS (PD‐L1), CPS (PD‐L1), or CPS (PD‐L1 and PD‐L2) showed significantly prolonged progression‐free survival. Favorable overall survival was associated with high CPS (PD‐L1 and PD‐L2) and low soluble PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 levels. The expressions of tissue and soluble PD‐L1/2 were not correlated.ConclusionsOur study revealed that compared to PD‐L1 expression alone, dual expression of PD‐L1 and PD‐L2 in tissue or soluble form could be feasible biomarkers in patients with RMHNSCC who received nivolumab.
Virtual hospital care development and deployment: A rapid qualitative study of frontline clinicians and leaders
Authors: Sakumoto Matthew , Knees Michelle , Rogers Kendall , Segon Ankur , Westergaard Sara , Yu Amy , Keniston Angela , Burden Marisha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundVirtual hospitalist programs are rapidly growing in popularity due to worsening clinician shortages and increased pressure for flexible work options. These programs also have the potential to establish sustainable staffing models across multiple hospitals optimizing cost. We aimed to explore the current state of virtual hospitalist services at various health systems, challenges and opportunities that exist in providing virtual care, and future opportunities for these types of services.ObjectivesTo identify perspectives on design and implementation of virtual hospitalist programs from academic hospitalist leaders.MethodsWe conducted focus groups with United States academic hospitalist leaders. Semistructured interviews explored experiences with virtual hospitalist programs. Using rapid qualitative methods including templated summaries and matrix analysis, focus group recordings were analyzed to identify key themes.ResultsWe conducted four focus groups with 13 participants representing nine hospital systems across six geographic regions and range of experience with virtual hospital medicine care. Thematic analysis identified three themes: (1) a broad spectrum of virtual care delivery; (2) adoption and acceptance of virtual care models followed the stages of diffusion of innovation; and (3) sustainability and scalability of programs were affected by unclear finances.ConclusionsHospitalist leader perspectives revealed complex factors influencing virtual care adoption and implementation. Addressing concerns about care quality, financing, and training may accelerate adoption. Further research should clarify the best practices for sustainable models optimized for access, hospitalist experience, patient safety, and financial viability.
A novel applied climate classification method for assessing atmospheric influence on anomalous coastal water levels
Authors: Lee Cameron C. , Sheridan Scott C. , Pirhalla Douglas E. , Ransibrahmanakul Varis , Dusek Gregory 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClimate classification is a commonly used tool to simplify, visualize and make sense of an otherwise unwieldy amount of climate data in applied climate science research. Typically, these classifications have stemmed from one of two perspectives, either a circulation‐to‐environment (C2E) approach, or an environment‐to‐circulation approach (E2C), each with advantages and drawbacks. This research discusses a novel environment‐to‐circulation‐to‐environment (ECE) perspective to applied climate classification, and develops a specific ECE methodology that utilizes canonical correlation and discriminant analysis—the CANDECE method. The benefits of the ECE approach generally, and the CANDECE methodology specifically, are demonstrated in applying climate classification to aid in modelling anomalous water levels (AWLs) along portions of the East and West coasts of the United States. Results show that the CANDECE method performs better than two traditional classification methods (k‐means and self‐organizing maps [SOMs]) at relating AWLs to their broad‐scale atmospheric setups, especially with regard to both high and low extreme AWLs. It is further demonstrated that, compared with the West coast, the CANDECE method is particularly advantageous along the southeastern US coast, where the primary modes of atmospheric variability (which drive the classifications produced by SOMs and k‐means) do not align with the relevant circulation‐based factors driving AWL variability. While AWLs were utilized for demonstrating the ECE proof‐of‐concept herein, ECE and CANDECE are designed to be useful for any climate application.
Impact of atopic dermatitis lesion locations and extent on patient burden: A real‐world study
Authors: Simpson Eric , Lio Peter , Pierce Evangeline , Cronin Angel , McLean Robert R. , Eckmann Thomas , Atwater Amber Reck , Dawson Zach , Silverberg Jonathan I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with patient burden, but few studies describe the anatomic distribution of the disease or the impact of number of lesion locations.ObjectivesTo describe lesion locations and assess the relationship between the number of lesion locations (disease extent) and disease burden in patients with AD.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included adults with dermatologist‐ or dermatology practitioner‐diagnosed AD enroled in the CorEvitas AD Registry (2020–2021) who initiated systemic therapy within 12 months prior to or at enrolment or had moderate‐to‐severe AD (vIGA‐AD® ≥3 and EASI ≥12) at enrolment. Thirteen areas of lesion involvement were assessed using a body map, and numbers of lesion locations were categorised as: 0, 1, 2–3, 4–6 and ≥7. Demographics, disease characteristics, PROs by number of lesion locations were descriptively compared using effect sizes (ES). The ES thresholds for small, medium, and large differences, respectively, were 0.10, 0.30, and 0.50 for phi (categorical outcomes) and 0.10, 0.25 and 0.40 for Cohen's f (continuous outcomes).ResultsAmong 1211 patients, lesion involvement was most frequent on the arms (69.5%) and lower limbs (61.7%). A total of 10.6%, 9.3%, 20.1%, 26.3% and 33.8% of patients had 0, 1, 2–3, 4–6 and ≥7 lesion locations, respectively. Current use of systemic (≥81.2%) and topical ( ≥74.7%) therapies was common, irrespective of lesion location. Disease severity increased with number of lesion locations: mean total BSA (ES = 1.17), EASI (ES = 1.11), and SCORAD (ES = 1.21). vIGA‐AD ≥3 was observed in 28.3%, 45.3%, 78.0%, and 93.9% of patients with 1, 2–3, 4–6 and ≥7 locations, respectively (ES = 0.63). Greater number of lesion locations was associated with worse PROs: mean POEM (ES = 0.57), sleep loss (ES = 0.41), peak pruritus (ES = 0.50), DLQI (ES = 0.40), and ADCT (ES = 0.53). Uncontrolled AD (ADCT ≥7) was observed in 48.2%, 52.9%, 70.4%, 81.6% of patients with 1, 2–3, 4–6 and ≥7 locations, respectively (ES = 0.42).ConclusionsAD lesions were reported for each body area assessed. Greater number of lesion locations was associated with increased disease severity, poor disease control, and decreased quality of life. Patients experienced substantial disease burden regardless of number of lesion locations involved.
Attitudes and practices of inflammatory bowel disease patients towards skin cancer risk and sun protection
Authors: Herlihy Maeve , Blake Eve , Carroll Pauline , Courtney Garry 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin cancer is the most common form of cancer in Ireland with over 13,000 new cases diagnosed annually. People with inflammatory bowel disease are at higher risk of developing skin cancer.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients' awareness around skin cancer risk and photoprotection practices and to identify gaps in patient education regarding skin cancer prevention in IBD patients.MethodsIBD patients >18 years old were invited to fill out a questionnaire while waiting for their outpatient appointment.ResultsA total of 87 patients (52% women) with IBD (Crohn's disease 62.8%, UC 35%,) were included. A total of 38 patients were diagnosed before age 25 (44%). Most patients were on active treatment for their IBD (96.5%, n = 85). Four patients had a personal history, and seven patients had a family history of skin cancer. Nearly half of participants (47.6%) were unaware or unsure of an increased risk of skin cancer associated with IBD and 42.5% were unaware or unsure of an increased risk with some IBD treatments. Behaviours around sun‐cream were generally good, however, other sun protective methods were suboptimal.ConclusionsOnly half (52.4%) of IBD patients surveyed were aware of a link between skin cancer and IBD. Skin cancer knowledge was generally good, however, photoprotection practices were suboptimal. This underscores the role of healthcare professionals in re‐enforcing sun safety information and skin cancer education in the IBD population.
Meniscal ramp lesion classification systems: A systematic review
Authors: Allende Felicitas , Berreta Rodrigo Saad , Allahabadi Sachin , Mowers Colton , Russo Raffaella , Palco Michelangelo , Simonetta Roberto , Familiari Filippo , Chahla Jorge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo describe the proposed classification systems for meniscal ramp lesions (RLs) in the literature and evaluate their accuracy and reliability.MethodsA systematic search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines utilising PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Level I–IV studies referencing RLs along with either an arthroscopic‐ or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based classification system used to describe RL subtypes were included.ResultsIn total, 21 clinical studies were included. Twenty‐seven (79%) of the included studies were published in 2020 or later. There were four main classification systems proposed within the literature (two arthroscopic‐, two MRI‐based), describing tear patterns, mediolateral extent, associated ligament disruption and stability of the lesion. The first classification was proposed in 2015 by Thaunat et al. and is referenced in 22 (64.7%) of the included studies. The application of the Thaunat et al. criteria to MRI showed variable sensitivity (31.70%–93.8%) and interobserver agreement (k = 0.55–0.80). The Greif et al. modification to the Thaunat et al. system was referenced in 32.4% of the included studies and had a substantial interobserver agreement (k = 0.8). Stability to probing and specific tear location were each used to classify RLs in 28.6% and 23.8% of the included clinical studies, respectively.ConclusionAlthough there has been a recent increase in the recognition and treatment of meniscal RLs, there is limited consistency in descriptive classifications used for this pathology. Current RL classification systems based on preoperative MRI have variable reliability, and arthroscopic examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis and classification.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Good physical function but reduced quality of life in children 3 years after ACL reconstruction
Authors: Lundgaard‐Nielsen Mathilde , Herzog Robert Bennike , Warming Susan , Rathcke Martin Wyman , Magnusson Stig Peter , Krogsgaard Michael Rindom 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess children's physical function and subjective knee status 1 and 3 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. It was hypothesised that there was no difference between the operated and normal legs in relation to physical strength and function, that there was <‐2 mm side‐to‐side difference in knee laxity, and that the subjective knee function was better 3 years after ACL reconstruction compared to 1 year after.MethodsChildren (<16 years of age) who had an ACL reconstruction had follow‐up with physical function tests (four hop tests and strength measurement in a power rig [PR]), anterior knee laxity (measured using a Rolimeter) and patient‐reported outcome measures (Pedi‐International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS]‐Child) 1 and 3 years postoperatively. Changes from 1‐ to 3‐year follow‐up were evaluated with a paired t test.ResultsOut of 148 ACL reconstructed children, 60 had all measures. The four hop tests and the PR all yielded a Limb Symmetry Index >90% at both follow‐ups. There was a significant improvement from 1‐ to 3‐year follow‐up in two‐hop tests (6 m on time and crossover hop). Side‐to‐side knee laxity was >2 mm in four children at 1‐ and 3‐year tests. Pedi‐IKDC scores increased, and KOOS‐Child improved significantly from 1 to 3 years in two of the five domains: ‘Sport’ and ‘Quality of life’, but scores were lower than in a cohort of normal children.ConclusionThe children had good objective physical function 1 and 3 years after ACL reconstruction. However, scores from the KOOS‐Child sport‐specific function and quality of life domains were lower than in normal children.Level of evidenceLevel II.