bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le mythe de l'obéissance de la Moselle napoléonienne (1811-1814)
Authors: Horn Pierre 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Si l’obéissance caractérisant la Moselle napoléonienne est un mythe sans fondement, c’est que de 1810 à 1814 la Lorraine allemande, région généralement connue comme l’une des plus soumises du Grand Empire, apparaît de plus en plus dissidente. Tous les ingrédients de la sédition sont réunis : résistance aux mesures d’un pouvoir discrédité, opposition à ses agents, révoltes populaires, contrebande et fraude galopantes, recours croissant à la violence. Jusque-là, le département de la Moselle était pourtant connu pour être, tout à la fois, soumis, obéissant, légaliste et fidèle : l’esprit des Mosellans était présenté comme « excellent », aussi bien par les administrateurs napoléoniens que par les historiens qui ont suivi. Depuis sa prise de fonction en 1805, le préfet de la Moselle, Viénot de Vaublanc, ne cessait d’assurer le pouvoir central de la docilité de son département et répondait même de la fidélité de ses administrés. Dans cette démonstration qui tendra à prouver que l’obéissance du département de la Moselle tient bien plus du mythe que de la réalité historique, la Lorraine allemande sera notre unique champ d’investigation. La dissidence de cette dernière, de 1811 à 1814, nous portera à remettre en question certains mythes particulièrement tenaces dans une région frontalière sarro-mosellane où la légende exerce, aujourd’hui encore, un certain empire.
Traduction littéraire et diplomatie culturelle. Le cas de la fiction québécoise traduite en Espagne1
Authors: Córdoba Serrano María Sierra 
Published: June 2012

Cet article montre que si la fiction québécoise réussit à franchir les frontières linguistiques et culturelles et à se créer un espace de réception dans les champs littéraires espagnol et catalan – et ce malgré les nombreux obstacles à la diffusion d’une littérature minoritaire – c’est grâce à l’action d’acteurs institutionnels associés au gouvernement fédéral canadien et au gouvernement provincial québécois. Un tel investissement est motivé par le fait que la traduction littéraire est considérée comme un outil au service de la diplomatie culturelle qui sert à construire une « image de marque » positive du Canada et du Québec à l’étranger, une image qui les rendrait compétitifs sur la scène internationale. Or, une fois hors de la portée des réseaux institutionnels, les textes sélectionnés pour être traduits entrent dans les réseaux des espaces cibles où ils se voient recontextualisés. Dans ce nouveau contexte, ils ne pourront pas échapper à leur resémantisation axio-idéologique par les agents issus des champs cibles, une resémantisation qui peut d’ailleurs être loin des représentations du Canada ou du Québec voulues par les acteurs institutionnels qui avaient encouragé le transfert littéraire. Ainsi, cet article dégage la portée, mais également les limites de l’action de ces acteurs institutionnels, ainsi que les rapports ambivalents qui s’établissent entre eux et les agents appartenant au champ littéraire, notamment les éditeurs québécois, mais aussi les éditeurs espagnols et catalans, qui ont le dernier mot en ce qui concerne la sélection des oeuvres à traduire.
Bleeding and mortality outcomes in ITP clinical trials: A review of thrombopoietin mimetics data
Authors: Altomare Ivy , Wasser Jeffrey , Pullarkat Vinod 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPatients with ITP may have severe thrombocytopenia, putting them at risk for serious bleeding. ITP trials of new treatments must allow use of standard‐of‐care therapies to prevent serious bleeding. Thrombopoietin mimetic trials used platelet counts and rescue/concomitant medication use as endpoints. These trials were of insufficient size and duration to measure mortality or serious bleeding, which are infrequent with appropriate treatment. A recent Cochrane review criticized the thrombopoietin mimetic registrational trials for inadequately assessing bleeding and survival. We discuss how these endpoints are difficult to measure in clinical trials designed to improve platelet counts and minimize bleeding, in accordance with ethical trial design. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology, microstructure, and electrical properties of poly(D,L‐lactic acid)/carbon nanocapsule composite nanofibers
Authors: Chien Huan‐Sheng , Wang Chi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe morphologies and properties of poly(D,L‐lactic acid)/carbon nanocapsule (CNCs) electrospun fiber mats were studied. To determine the effect of filler, a solution without sufficient entanglement density was used. The rheological results showed that the solution entanglement density was enhanced by the addition of filler, which led to the formation of network between the polymer chains and filler particles. The findings can be used for further exploration of electrospinning in semidilute solutions. The electrical conductivities of electrospun fiber mats and cast films were determined and fitted using the percolation theory. When the CNC content was above the critical percolation concentration, a master curve was obtained provided that the conductivity curves were normalized with the level of percolation network. The porosity effect was investigated. In addition, the microstructure of as‐spun composite fiber was examined in detail. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation and characterization of polyaniline N‐grafted with poly(ethyl acrylate) synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Massoumi Bakhshali , Abdollahi Mahdi , Shabestari Somayyeh Jahed , Entezami Ali Akbar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) N‐grafted with poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) was synthesized by the grafting of bromo‐terminated poly (ethyl acrylate) (PEA‐Br) onto the leucoemeraldine form of PANI. PEA‐Br was synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization of ethyl acrylate in the presence of methyl‐2‐bromopropionate and copper(I) chloride/bipyridine as the initiator and catalyst systems, respectively. The leucoemeraldine form of PANI was deprotonated by butyl lithium and then reacted with PEA‐Br to prepare PEA‐g‐PANI graft copolymers containing different amounts of PEA via an N‐grafting reaction. The graft copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Solubility testing showed that the solubility of PANI in chloroform was increased by the grafting of PEA onto PANI. The morphology of the PEA‐g‐PANI graft copolymer films was observed by scanning electron microscopy to be homogeneous. The electrical conductivity of the graft copolymers was measured by the four‐probe method. The results show that the conductivity of the PANI decreased significantly with increasing grafting density of PEA onto the PANI backbone up to 7 wt % and then remained almost constant with further increases in the grafting percentage of PEA. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Evaporation rate effect on starting point of shrinkage stress development during drying process in solvent cast polymer film
Authors: Katsumata Reika , Ata Seisuke , Kuboyama Keiichi , Ougizawa Toshiaki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTo reveal the effect of drying conditions on shrinkage stress existing between a film and a substrate, a polystyrene/toluene solution was coated on a glass substrate, and the volume fraction of toluene at the time when the stress starts to grow (ϕS) was measured at various drying temperatures and evaporation rates. ϕS decreased with increase of drying temperature at a constant evaporation rate, while ϕS increased with increase of evaporation rate at a constant drying temperature. From these results, it was suggested that the dominant factors affecting the starting point of stress were both the chain mobility and the measurement time‐scale. Considering the two factors, the tendency of ϕS with the drying conditions is quite similar to that of the solvent content at glass transition point, and this fact indicates a strong correlation between the starting point of stress and the glass transition of coated solution. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic study of polymeric metal complexes derived from divalent transition metal ions with 2,4‐dihydroxy benzophenone and 2,4‐dihydroxy acetophenone
Authors: Ingole Pravin G. , Bajaj Hari C. , Singh Kripal 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe polymeric metal complexes of poly (3‐hydroxy‐4‐((Z)‐1‐(phenylimino)ethyl)phenyl‐3‐methylbut‐2‐enoate) designated as [poly(3H4‐1PEPMB)] and poly (3‐hydroxy‐4‐((Z)‐phenyl(phenylimino)methyl)phenyl‐3‐methylbut‐2‐enoate designated as [poly(3H4‐PPMPMB)] containing Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Ca(II), and Zn(II) ions were synthesized. The ploymer ligands and metal complexes were charcterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The XRD study of the complexes revealed highly crystalline nature of polychelates. The polymeric complexes were active for the oxidation of aldehyde group. The oxidation activity of Cu (II) complex of poly (3H4‐1PEPMB) was studied for the oxidation of benzaldehyde and its derivaties to corresponding carboxylic acids. The oxidation products were confirmed by GC‐MS analysis. The oxidation of aldehydes was quantitative with 100% selectivity for benzioc acid. Thermal analysis of complexes indicated reasonably good thermal stability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Prediction of styrene conversion of polystyrene/natural rubber graft copolymerization using reaction conditions: Central composite design versus artificial neural networks
Authors: Aroonsingkarat Kittima , Hansupalak Nanthiya 
Published: June 2012

AbstractGross copolymer or the total product of graft copolymerization of polystyrene (PS) and rubber, prepared via emulsion polymerization using a redox initiator, is used to investigate the utilization of central composite design and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches in correlating the graft copolymerization conditions to the monomer conversion. The conditions were manipulated by changing four factors: reaction temperature and time, percentage of deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) in the rubber mixture also containing NR, and amount of chain transfer agent. For DPNR preparation, the incorporation of ultrasound energy into a deproteinizing method (i.e., urea treatment) was preexamined. A shorter reaction time, a lower total nitrogen content, and no agglomeration of rubber particles suggest the success of the incorporation. Results exhibit that the relationship between those factors and the response can be better described by the ANN model, which is further proved to be an excellent tool for the prediction of the conversion at other reaction conditions. In addition, the thermal behavior of gross copolymer is similar to its parents, the rubber and neat PS, but more to the former owing to the larger amount of rubber component. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A systematic review of studies of quality of life in children and adults with selected congenital anomalies
Authors: Glinianaia Svetlana V. , Embleton Nicholas D. , Rankin Judith 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND Few studies have assessed quality of life (QOL) for children born with major structural congenital anomalies. We aimed to review studies reporting QOL in children and adults born with selected congenital anomalies involving the digestive system. METHODS Systematic review methods were applied to literature searches, development of the data extraction protocol, and the review process. We included studies published in English (1990–2010), which used validated instruments to assess QOL in individuals born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia or abdominal wall defects. RESULTS Of 200 papers identified through literature searches, 111 were excluded after applying restrictions and removing duplicates. After scanning 89 abstracts, 32 full‐text papers were reviewed (none on duodenal atresia), of which 18 (nine in children or adolescents and nine in adults) were included. Studies measured health‐related QOL, but did not assess subjective wellbeing. Instruments used to assess health‐related QOL in children varied considerably. In adults most studies used the Short Form 36. Many studies had methodological limitations, such as being from a single institution, retrospective cohorts, and low sample size. The summarized evidence suggests that health‐related QOL of these children is affected by associated anomalies and ongoing morbidity resulting in lower physical functioning and general health perception. In adults, health‐related QOL is comparable with the general population. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed studies considered health status and functioning as a major determinant of QOL. More studies assessing QOL in patients with major congenital anomalies are needed, and those involving children should use age‐adjusted, validated instruments to measure both health‐related QOL and self‐reported subjective wellbeing. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of storage on whole blood chemiluminescence measurement of equine neutrophils
Authors: Krumrych Wiesław , Skórzewski Radosław , Malinowski Edward 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of duration and temperature of sample storage on whole blood chemiluminescence measurement results. Venous blood from 18 clinically healthy Polish half‐bred horses aged 4 to 11 years were used in the study. Luminol dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was used to measure neutrophil oxygen metabolism in whole blood. Blood samples were examined for spontaneous CL and stimulated by a surface receptor stimulus as well as extra‐receptor stimulus. The assay was performed in two parallel experimental sets with samples stored at 4 and 22 °C, respectively. Whole blood CL was estimated at 2, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after collection. The study demonstrated that temperature and duration of sample storage are factors that determine the quality of CL measurements of whole blood in horses. The study concluded that samples should be stored at 4 °C and the assay should be performed as early as possible. It was also shown that the viability period of horse blood for CL assays is relatively long. Material stored at room temperature for 24 h and even up to 48 h at 4 °C did not show any significant decrease in spontaneous or stimulated chemiluminescence. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abstracting knowledge from the protein data bank
Authors: Furnham Nicholas , Laskowski Roman A. , Thornton Janet M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the 40 years since its inception, the Protein Data Bank (PDB) has amassed over 80,000 experimentally determined structural models of proteins, plus many models of DNA and RNA fragments. The majority of the protein models have contributed, in some way, to an understanding of their particular protein's function, be it through the conformation of its catalytic residues, the details of its interactions with other proteins, substrate molecules, DNA, and so on. However, the totality of the data in the PDB provides a rich source of more generalized knowledge about proteins, their molecular biology, and evolution. Here, we describe how the focus of protein structural analysis has developed over the past 40 years. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 99: 183–188, 2013.
Challenges in mass spectrometry‐based quantification of bioactive peptides: A case study exploring the neuropeptide Y family
Authors: Xi Li , Jin Yaping , Parker Edward A. , Josh Peter , Jones Alun , Wijffels Gene , Colgrave Michelle L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe study of biologically active peptides is critical to the understanding of physiological pathways, especially those involved in the development of disease. Historically, the measurement of biologically active endogenous peptides has been undertaken by radioimmunoassay, a highly sensitive and robust technique that permits the detection of physiological concentrations in different biofluid and tissue extracts. Over recent years, a range of mass spectrometric approaches have been applied to peptide quantification with limited degrees of success. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) belong to the NPY family exhibiting regulatory effects on appetite and feeding behavior. The physiological significance of these peptides depends on their molecular forms and in vivo concentrations systemically and at local sites within tissues. In this report, we describe an approach for quantification of individual peptides within mixtures using high‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the NPY family peptides. Aspects of quantification including sample preparation, the use of matrix‐matched calibration curves, and internal standards will be discussed. This method for the simultaneous determination of NPY, PYY, and PP was accurate and reproducible but lacks the sensitivity required for measurement of their endogenous concentration in plasma. The advantages of mass spectrometric quantification will be discussed alongside the current obstacles and challenges. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 98: 357–366, 2012.
A short GC‐rich palindrome of human mannose receptor gene coding region displays a conformational switch
Authors: Bansal Aparna , Prasad Manoj , Roy Kapil , Kukreti Shrikant 
Published: June 2012

AbstractConformational switching in DNA is fundamental to biological processes. The structural status of a palindromic GC‐rich dodecamer DNA sequence, integral part of human MRC2 coding region, and a related sequence of opposite polarity from human FDX1 gene were characterized and compared. UV‐melting, circular dichroism, and gel electrophoresis experiments demonstrated the formation of intermolecular structures. Although stability and molecularity of both the oligomeric structures were found to be almost identical, their secondary structures differed remarkably as A1 MRC2 sequence showed A‐like and B‐like DNA conformation, whereas the A2 FDX1 sequence exhibited only the A‐like signatures. The study is relevant for understanding structural polymorphism at genomic locations depending on DNA sequence and solution environment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 97:950–962, 2012.
Liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric assay for the non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine in human plasma
Authors: Burugula Laxminarayana , Pilli Nageswara Rao , Makula Ajitha , Lodagala Durga Srinivas , Kandhagatla Rajnarayana 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTAn analytical method based on liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was developed for the determination of the non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine in human plasma using nevirapine as an internal standard. Analyte and the internal standard were extracted from human plasma by liquid–liquid extraction. The reconstituted samples were chromatographed on a C18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid buffer (80:20, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The linearity was confirmed in the concentration range 0.51–200 ng/mL in human plasma. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification of ion transitions at m/z 367.2/195.1 and 267.1/226.1 for the drug and the internal standard, respectively. The results of the intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy studies were well within the acceptable limits. Extraction recoveries of drug from plasma were >69.5%. A run time of 2.50 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 300 plasma samples per day. The developed method is simple, rapid and sensitive for the determination of rilpivirine concentrations in real‐time plasma samples obtained from pharmacokinetic studies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gene delivery using biodegradable polyelectrolyte microcapsules prepared through the layer‐by‐layer technique
Authors: Santos José L. , Nouri Alireza , Fernandes Tiago , Rodrigues João , Tomás Helena 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBiodegradable and non‐biodegradable microcapsules were prepared via the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technique consisting of the polyelectrolyte pairs of dextran sulphate/poly‐L‐arginine and poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride), respectively, in an attempt to encapsulate plasmid DNA (pDNA) for efficient transfection into NIH 3T3 cells. Results indicated the retention of bioactivity in the encased pDNA, as well as a correlation between the level of in vitro gene expression and biodegradability properties of polyelectrolyte. Furthermore, the incorporation of iron oxide nanoparticles within the polyelectrolyte layers significantly improved the in vitro transfection efficiency of the microcapsules. As a novel pDNA delivery system, the reported biodegradable microcapsules provide useful insight into plasmid‐based vaccination and where there is a prerequisite to deliver genes into cells capable of phagocytosis. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 28: 1088–1094, 2012
Synthesis and Evaluation of Acyl‐Chain‐ and Galactose‐6′′‐Modified Analogues of α‐GalCer for NKT Cell Activation
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Han , Hung Jung‐Tung , Liw Ya‐Wen , Lu Yin‐Jen , Wong Chi‐Huey , Yu Alice L. , Liang Pi‐Hui 
Published: June 2012

Abstractα‐GalCer is an immunostimulating glycolipid that binds to CD1d molecules and activates invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Here we report a scaled‐up synthesis of α‐GalCer analogues with modifications in the acyl side chain and/or at the galactose 6′′‐position, together with their evaluation in vitro and in vivo. Analogues containing 11‐phenylundecanoyl acyl side chains with aromatic substitutions (14, 16–21) and Gal‐6′′‐phenylacetamide‐substituted α‐GalCer analogues bearing p‐nitro‐ (32), p‐tert‐butyl (34), or o‐, m‐, or p‐methyl groups (40–42) displayed higher IFN‐γ/IL‐4 secretion ratios than α‐GalCer in vitro. In mice, compound 16, with an 11‐(3,4‐difluorophenyl)undecanoyl acyl chain, induced significant proliferation of NK and DC cells, which should be beneficial in killing tumors and priming the immune response. These new glycolipids might prove useful as adjuvants or anticancer agents.
Tailored Noble Metal Nanoparticles on γ‐Al2O3 for High Temperature CH4 Conversion to Syngas
Authors: Berger‐Karin Claudia , Sebek Michael , Pohl Marga‐Martina , Bentrup Ursula , Kondratenko Vita A. , Steinfeldt Norbert , Kondratenko Evgenii V. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe simple deposition of tailored Rh or Pt nanoparticles (NP) on γ‐Al2O3 results in active, selective, and stable catalysts for partial oxidation of methane (POM) to syngas. The NP were prepared by the ethylene glycol method in strong alkaline solution. This approach was found to be a promising way of providing active metallic NP for catalyzing the POM reaction. NP sizes determined by small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) in solution and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on alumina were very close. This result highlights the possibility of easy pre‐characterization of NP by the former method. Supported Rh NP are intrinsically more active in the POM reaction than Pt NP and also showed a superior performance compared with a conventionally prepared Rh catalyst, even if the latter had been pre‐reduced. Mechanistic investigations in the temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor indicate that the higher selectivity of well‐defined Rh‐NP is determined by their lower activity for consecutive CO transformations.