bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the Collateral Ligaments of the Feline Elbow Joint: Functional Implications1
Authors: Engelke E. , Pfarrer C. , Waibl H. 
Published: November 2010

With 4 figures and 2 tablesSummaryCats show a higher capability to supinate their forearms than dogs. This suggests a special arrangement of the collateral ligaments of the feline elbow joint. Therefore, the course of the ligaments was examined in 13 adult cats. The size of the ligaments was measured, and effects of passive joint movements were studied. Ligaments of five additional cats were examined histologically. The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) had a superficial and deep part, both originating from the humerus. The free humeral portion of the LCL was short and contained fibrous cartilage. Fibre bundles of the deep part inserted into the annular ligament, while the remaining deep fibres and the superficial part inserted with a long antebrachial portion on the radius. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) originated from the humeral epicondyle and divided into cranial and caudal parts. The caudal part inserted medioproximally on the ulna, while the cranial part attached primarily with a long thin part to the caudal aspect of the radius. During supination, the MCL loosened thus allowing medial widening of the joint space, up to 2 mm. A specific feature of the feline elbow is the long thin part of the MCL. Its course through a special furrow distal to the medial coronoid causes the tightening of the feline MCL during pronation. Apart from that, the feline collateral ligaments combine the features of both human and canine cubital anatomy. This explains the range of supination in cats, which is intermediate between humans and dogs.
Adding Ascorbic Acid to Vitrification and IVC Medium Influences Preantral Follicle Morphology, but Not Viability
Authors: Melo MAP , Oskam IC , Celestino JJH , Carvalho AA , Castro SV , Figueiredo JR , Rodrigues APR , Santos RR 
Published: November 2010

ContentsIn this study, we analysed the effect on morphology and viability of ovine primordial follicles, when ascorbic acid (AA) was added to vitrification and in vitro culture (IVC) media. For morphological analysis, ovarian tissue was vitrified using DMSO or ethylene glycol (EG), to which AA was added or omitted. After warming, the tissue was fixed for histology or 1‐day cultured in the presence or absence of AA. Isolated primordial follicles from ovine ovarian tissue vitrified with DMSO or EG, both supplemented with AA were stained with trypan blue for viability analysis, or 5‐day cultured with or without AA followed by a viability analysis. In this study, we report on the successful vitrification protocol developed for ovine ovarian tissue using EG. Vitrification using DMSO reduced the percentage of morphological normal primordial follicles, whereas addition of AA to the vitrification and culture media did enhance these results (p < 0.05). However, vitrification in a DMSO + AA medium followed by 5‐day IVC resulted in a significant decrease in the follicular viability, independently of the presence of AA in the IVC medium.
Cytochrome P450 2J3/epoxyeicosatrienoic acids mediate the cardioprotection induced by ischaemic post‐conditioning, but not preconditioning, in the rat
Authors: Yu Gang‐Gang , Zeng Xiang‐Jun , Wang Hong‐Xia , Lu Ling‐Qiao , Zheng Shao‐Peng , Ma Li‐Quan , Chang Jing , Wang Jing , Zhang Dong‐Mei , Du Feng‐He , Zhang Li‐Ke 
Published: November 2010

Summary1. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases and their arachidonic acid metabolites play a protective role against ischaemia–reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated whether endogenous CYP2J3/epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) mediates the cardioprotective effects of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) and ischaemic post‐conditioning (IPost).2. Male Wistar rats were subjected to two cycles of IPC, consisting of 5 min ischaemia and 5 min reperfusion, followed by 45 min occlusion and 2 h reperfusion; IPost consisted of three cycles of 30 s reperfusion and 30 s re‐occlusion at the onset of reperfusion. The selective CYP epoxygenase inhibitor N‐methylsulphonyl‐6‐(2‐propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide (MS‐PPOH; 3 mg/kg) was administered 10 min before ischaemia or during ischaemia 10 min before reperfusion started. Cardiac function was measured continuously with a angiocatheter connected to a fluid‐filled pressure transducer and myocardial infarct size was assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining at the end of the experiment.3. Subjecting rats to IPC and IPost similarly improved cardiac function and reduced myocardial infarct size. Interestingly, IPost, but not IPC, significantly increased CYP2J3 mRNA (1.75 ± 0.22 vs 1.0; P < 0.05) and protein (1.62 ± 0.22 vs 1.0; P < 0.05), as well as 11,12‐EET synthesis compared to I/R (6.2 ± 0.2 vs 2.9 ± 0.2 ng/mg wet weight, respectively; P < 0.01). Administration of MS‐PPOH before ischaemia significantly decreased 11,12‐EET synthesis in both IPC and IPost compared with I/R rats (2.1 ± 0.2, 3.2 ± 0.3 and 2.9 ± 0.2 ng/mg wet weight, respectively; P < 0.01), but decreased the cardioprotective effects, as evidenced by cardiac function and myocardial infarct size, of IPost only.4. These data indicate that endogenous activation of CYP2J3/EET may be an essential trigger leading to the protective effects of IPost, but not IPC, in the rat heart.
Diaeretus essigellae Starý and Zuparko (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiini), a biological control for Monterey pine aphid, Essigella californica (Essig) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Cinarini): host‐specificity testing and historical context
Authors: Kimber William , Glatz Richard , Caon Gabriella , Roocke Daniel 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe Monterey pine aphid (Essigella californica) was accidentally introduced into Australia from the northern hemisphere before being detected in Canberra in 1998. Feeding on some members of Pinaceae, including the commercially important Pinus radiata, the aphid has now spread to almost all pine‐growing areas and is considered to be an important forestry pest. In 2005, a project was commissioned to import the pine aphid parasitoid, Diaeretus essigellae, into Australia and subject it to host‐specificity testing with a view to releasing it as a biological control for E. californica. In 2007, the first wasp pupae arrived at Australian quarantine facilities and emergent adults were used to establish an ongoing Australian culture. Sequencing of 28S rDNA confirmed the identity of the parasitoid and showed that its closest known relative is Diaeretus leucopterus. No‐choice and choice host‐specificity testing was conducted using Monterey pine aphid and eight non‐target aphid species as potential hosts for D. essigellae. Regardless of the testing procedure, E. californica was the only species that was successfully parasitised. This suggests that D. essigellae is highly specific (at genus or species level) and therefore, is a suitable candidate for release into pine plantations to provide control of Monterey pine aphid in Australia. Based on these data, permission to release the wasp from quarantine was granted in November 2009. Although 24 aphidiine parasitoids have been purposely or accidentally introduced to Australia, this is only the second species to have undergone host‐specificity testing and in addition, is the first species released to parasitise a member of the most primitive aphid subfamily, Lachninae. This case study raises interesting questions about the basis for development/analysis of host‐specificity testing of putatively highly specific biocontrol agents where close relatives of their targets either do not exist in the environment or are pests themselves.
Reducing hypothermia in preterm infants with polyethylene wrap
Authors: Rohana Jaafar , Khairina Wan , Boo Nem Yun , Shareena Ishak 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  Occlusive plastic applied immediately after birth to reduce evaporative heat loss has been proven effective in preterm infants <28 weeks' gestation. However its effectiveness on preterm infants >28 weeks' gestation has not been shown. This study aimed to determine the effect of occlusive wrap at birth on the temperature at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission among infants of greater than or equal to 24 weeks' and less than 34 weeks' gestation.Methods:  Study infants were randomly assigned to “wrap” or “control” groups. Newborns in the wrap group were wrapped with polyethylene plastic sheets within the first min after birth. Infants randomized to the control group were dried immediately after birth with warmed towels under a warmer, according to the guidelines of Neonatal Resuscitation. Infants' axillary temperatures were measured on admission to the NICU, and after having been stabilized in incubators in the NICU.Results:  A total of 110 infants were recruited into the study. The mean admission temperature was significantly higher in the wrap group (35.8 vs 34.8°C, P < 0.01). Admission hypothermia (axillary temperature <36.5°C) was present in 38 (78%) and 58 (98%) infants in the wrap and control groups, respectively. Among infants of <28 weeks' gestation, the post‐stabilization temperature was significantly higher in the wrap group.Conclusions:  Wrapping premature infants with gestational age <34 weeks in polyethylene plastics immediately after birth is associated with lower incidence of hypothermia.
Voriconazole versus natamycin as primary treatment in fungal corneal ulcers
Authors: Arora Ritu , Gupta Deepa , Goyal Jawaharlal , Kaur Ravinder 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:  To evaluate the efficacy of topical 1% voriconazole versus 5% natamycin in treatment of fungal corneal ulcers.Design:  A prospective, randomized pilot study in a tertiary care hospital.Participants:  Thirty patients of microbiologically proven fungal keratitis divided randomly in two groups of 15 patients each.Methods:  Two groups were treated with either 5% natamycin (group A) or 1% voriconazole (group B) topically as a primary treatment for fungal keratitis. The mean size, depth of infiltrate and LogMAR visual acuity at presentation were comparable in both groups (P > 0.05). Patients were followed up for minimum of 10 weeks or till complete resolution of ulcer, whichever was later. Cultures to identify the causative organisms were performed.Main Outcome Measure:  Time of resolution of the ulcer.Results:  Twenty‐nine of the total 30 patients showed complete resolution. Average time of resolution and gain in LogMAR visual acuity was 24.3 days and 1.12 in group A and 27.2 days and 0.77 in group B. These were comparable in the two groups (P > 0.05%). Aspergillus spp. (40%) and Curvularia spp. (30.0%) were found to be most common isolates.Conclusion:  Topical 1% voriconazole was found to be safe and effective drug in primary management of fungal keratitis, its efficacy matching conventional natamycin. There was no added advantage of using topical 1% voriconazole over topical natamycin as primary treatment in fungal keratitis.
Frequency of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes: effect of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia
Authors: Schopman J. E. , Geddes J. , Frier B. M. 
Published: November 2010

Diabet. Med. 28, 352–355 (2011)AbstractAims  To characterize the frequency and the nature (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic) of hypoglycaemia in people with Type 1 diabetes with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia.Methods  A group of 19 patients with Type 1 diabetes with normal hypoglycaemia awareness were matched for age, sex, duration of diabetes and glycaemic control with 19 patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia. Frequency of severe hypoglycaemia in the preceding year was estimated retrospectively. Capillary blood glucose was monitored prospectively four times daily, over a 4‐week period. All blood glucose values < 3 mmol/l were recorded and classified by symptom response.Results  The patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia exhibited twice the frequency of all episodes of hypoglycaemia over the 4‐week monitoring period than those with normal awareness (mean ±sd 7.9 ± 5.4 vs. 3.7 ± 3.6, P = 0.003). No differences between the two subgroups were observed in the total number of symptomatic hypoglycaemia episodes (4.2 ± 3.3 vs. 3.2 ± 3.4, P = 0.25). The group with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia had a sevenfold higher incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia than those with normal awareness (3.7 ± 5.3 vs. 0.5 ± 1.2, P = 0.001); these episodes comprised 47% of all glucose values < 3.0 mmol/l in this group, compared with 14% in the normal awareness group. The annual prevalence of severe hypoglycaemia for patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia was 53% compared with 5% for patients with normal awareness, and these patients had a significantly higher incidence of severe events (1.6 ± 2.8 vs. 0.1 ± 0.3, P = 0.001).Conclusions  Adults with Type 1 diabetes who have impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia are exposed to a much higher incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycaemia than those with normal awareness and are at higher risk of developing severe hypoglycaemia.
IFRS adoption and analysts’ earnings forecasts: Australian evidence
Authors: Cotter Julie , Tarca Ann , Wee Marvin 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe study 145 large listed Australian firms to explore the impact of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) adoption on the properties of analysts’ forecasts and the role of firm disclosure about IFRS impact. We find that analyst forecast accuracy improves, and there is no significant change in dispersion in the adoption year, suggesting that analysts coped effectively with transition to IFRS. However, we do not observe the expected relationship between firms’ IFRS impact disclosures in their financial statements issued at the end of the transition year with forecast error and dispersion in the adoption year. The results question the timeliness and usefulness of financial statement disclosure, even in a setting where disclosure was mandated by accounting standards (AASB 1047 and AASB 1) and firms had strong incentives to provide information to analysts.
Contained and high‐level production of recombinant protein in plant chloroplasts using a temporary immersion bioreactor
Authors: Michoux Franck , Ahmad Niaz , McCarthy James , Nixon Peter J. 
Published: November 2010

SummaryChloroplast transformation is a promising approach for the commercial production of recombinant proteins in plants. However, gene containment still remains an issue for the large‐scale cultivation of transplastomic plants in the field. Here, we have evaluated the potential of using tobacco transplastomic cell suspensions for the fully contained production of a modified form of the green fluorescent protein (GFP+) and, a vaccine antigen, fragment C of tetanus toxin (TetC). Expression of these proteins in cell suspension cultures (and calli) was much less than in leaves, reaching 0.5%–1.5% of total soluble protein (TSP), but still produced 2.4–7.2 mg/L of liquid culture. Much better expression levels were achieved with a novel protein production platform in which transgenic cell suspension cultures were placed in a temporary immersion bioreactor in the presence of Thidiazuron to initiate shoot formation. GFP+ yield reached 660 mg/L of bioreactor (33% TSP), and TetC accumulated to about 95 mg/L (8% TSP). This new production platform, combining the rapid generation of transplastomic cell suspension cultures and the use of temporary immersion bioreactors, is a promising route for the fully contained low‐cost production of recombinant proteins in chloroplasts.
MILK BANKS THROUGH THE LENS OF MUSLIM SCHOLARS: ONE TEXT IN TWO CONTEXTS
Authors: GHALY MOHAMMED 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTWhen Muslims thought of establishing milk banks, religious reservations were raised. These reservations were based on the concept that women's milk creates ‘milk kinship’ believed to impede marriage in Islamic Law. This type of kinship is, however, a distinctive phenomenon of Arab tradition and relatively unknown in Western cultures. This article is a pioneer study which fathoms out the contemporary discussions of Muslim scholars on this issue. The main focus here is a religious guideline (fatwa) issued in 1983, referred to in this article as ‘one text’, by the Egyptian scholar Yūsuf al‐Qaradāwī who saw no religious problem in establishing or using these banks. After a number of introductory remarks on the ‘Western’ phenomenon of milk banks and the ‘Islamic’ phenomenon of ‘milk kinship’, this article analyses the fatwa of al‐Qaradāwī‘one text’ and investigates the ‘two contexts’ in which this fatwa was discussed, namely, the context of the Muslim world and that of Muslim minorities living in the West. The first context led to rejecting the fatwa and refusing to introduce the milk banking system in the Muslim world. The second context led to accepting this system and thus allowing Muslims living in the West to donate and receive milk from these banks. Besides its relevance to specialists in the fields of Islamic studies, anthropology and medical ethics, this article will also be helpful to physicians and nurses who deal with patients of Islamic background.
FloodwayGIS: An ArcGIS Visualization Environment to Remodel a Floodway
Authors: Selvanathan Sivasankkar , Dymond Randel L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFloodway modeling has been performed extensively using HECRAS in floodplain studies. The model output is typically exported in GIS format and the floodway boundaries are overlaid on other spatial data to further edit or remodel the floodway to meet FEMA and local development requirements. In this article, a tightly coupled system comprised of a commercial GIS (ArcGIS) and HECRAS is presented. FloodwayGIS provides a comprehensive visual environment to edit, remodel, spatially analyze, and map floodway boundaries. The environment uses the HECRAS executable engine for every remodeling iteration. Four different encroachment editing options are provided within FloodwayGIS, which eliminates the need for a modeler to switch between HECRAS and GIS in the floodway modeling process, and results in savings of modeling time. FloodwayGIS also provides a mapping algorithm based on TIN intersection to produce smooth floodway boundaries that can be mapped in Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMs) with minor editing.
Similarity Weighted Instance‐based Learning for the Generation of Transition Potentials in Land Use Change Modeling
Authors: Sangermano Florencia , Eastman J Ronald , Zhu Honglei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLand use change models are increasingly being used to evaluate the effect of land change on climate and biodiversity and to generate scenarios of deforestation. Although many methods are available to model land transition potentials, they are usually not user‐friendly and require the specification of many parameters, making the task difficult for decision makers not familiar with the tools, as well as making the process difficult to interpret. In this article we propose a simple method for modeling transition potentials. SimWeight is an instance‐based learning algorithm based on the logic of the K‐Nearest Neighbor algorithm. The method identifies the relevance of each driver variable and predicts the transition potential of locations given known instances of change. A case study was used to demonstrate and validate the method. Comparison of results with the Multi‐Layer Perceptron neural network (MLP) suggests that SimWeight performs similarly in its capacity to predict transition potentials, without the need for complex parameters. Another advantage of SimWeight is that it is amenable to parallelization for deployment on a cloud computing platform.
The Landscape of GIScience Publications 1997–2007: An Empirical Investigation with Latent Semantic Analysis
Authors: Parr David A. , Lu Yongmei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis article reports on an empirical study of the trends and patterns of research activities in Geographic Information Science (GIScience) during the years 1997–2007. The GIScience research priorities identified by the University Consortium of Geographic Information Science (UCGIS) were used as guidelines to examine the 985 research articles published in six well‐recognized academic journals. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) was employed to investigate the association among the different GIScience research themes. The spatial and temporal patterns of the association between the publications and the different GIScience themes were examined to show the development of GIScience research during the study period. Furthermore, correlation analyses between the publications were conducted following the LSA results to reveal GIScience research networks, including the networks of the published articles and those formed by the research places. In this article, we applied an approach that was developed within information science to depictwhatGIS research activities were conductedwhenandwhereandhowthey connect to each other through sharing common research themes. The related findings pave the way for future efforts to describe the paradigm of GIScience as well as the pattern of GIScience research.
“Economically Speaking, I am the Breadwinner”: Chinese Immigrant Narratives of Work and Family in Hong Kong
Authors: Newendorp Nicole 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, I use a narrative approach to explore in detail three Chinese women’s views about their working lives in Hong Kong following their migration to Hong Kong for the purpose of family reunion. These women, like other would‐be migrants from mainland China to Hong Kong, were subjected to the strict system of immigration quotas enforced by the People’s Republic of China and Hong Kong governments, which require mainlanders to wait for up to ten years before they can join their husbands and other family members in Hong Kong. In contrast to Hong Kong stereotypes that portray mainland immigrant wives as lazy, irresponsible, and opportunistic “gold‐diggers,” many of these immigrant wives, despite their low‐levels of education, their relative lack of local networks to provide childcare, and their initial reluctance to work in Hong Kong, do work outside the home. My analysis traces the shifts in these women’s views of their roles as wives, workers, and citizens during the first five years immediately following their migration to Hong Kong. These shifts result both from the tensions in family life created through their migration process, as well as from seemingly contradictory Hong Kong discourses of belonging that centre on the importance of work but also privilege the importance of family life. Overall, I argue that these women’s stories are united through the shared experience of trying to re‐negotiate their ruptured expectations of idealized family life into new forms of social engagement as productive workers and “entrepreneurial” Hong Kong citizens, even as these same idealized familial expectations remain strongly influential on migrant women’s personal goals and value systems. Throughout, I underscore the complex negotiation of norms and desires that frame and inform potential subjective transformations of women immigrants more generally.