bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding school principals' burnout
Authors: Karaevli Özge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores why the principals experiences burnout and what the future plans of the principals who experienced burnout were. This is a case study that uses qualitative research methods. Before collecting qualitative data, the researcher collected and analysed data from principals working at different school levels and revealed their burnout tendencies. Subsequently, I collected qualitative data from kindergarten, middle school, and vocational high school principals through semi‐structured interview questions and analysed them through content analysis. Along with the four main themes, four subthemes emerged based on the theme of burnout sources. Accordingly, school principals experience burnout due to situations arising from parents, senior management, teachers, other principals, students, non‐education‐related workload, and insufficient financial income. Although the short‐term plans of school principals experiencing burnout are to continue their duties in their schools, in the long term, they plan to leave the profession and completely move away from educational work.
Long‐term successive biochar application increases plant lignin and microbial necromass accumulation but decreases their contributions to soil organic carbon in rice–wheat cropping system
Authors: Chen Zhaoming , He Lili , Ma Jinchuan , Ma Junwei , Ye Jing , Yu Qiaogang , Zou Ping , Sun Wanchun , Lin Hui , Wang Feng , Zhao Xu , Wang Qiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiochar application is widely recognized as an effective approach for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and mitigating climate change in agroecosystems. However, the effects of biochar application on net accumulations and relative contributions of different SOC sources remain unclear. Here, we explored the effects of biochar application on plant‐derived (PDC) and microbial necromass C (MNC) in a 10‐year experimental rice–wheat rotation field receiving four different intensities of biochar application (0, 2.25, 11.5, and 22.5 t ha−1 for each crop season), using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), lignin phenols and amino sugars as biomarkers of microbial biomass, PDC and MNC, respectively. Our results showed that biochar application increased SOC content and stock by 32.6%–203% and 26.4%–145%, respectively. Higher biochar application (11.5 and 22.5 t ha−1) increased soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), SOC/TN, and root biomass. In addition, higher biochar application enhanced bacterial, fungal, and total microbial biomass. Plant lignin phenols and MNC contents significantly increased, whereas their contributions to SOC significantly decreased with the increase in biochar application rates due to the disproportionate increase in PDC and MNC, and SOC. Fungal necromass had a greater contribution to SOC than bacterial necromass. The fungal/bacterial necromass decreased from 2.56 to 2.26 with increasing biochar application rates, because of the higher abundances of bacteria than that of fungi as indicated by PLFAs under higher biochar application rates. Random forest analyses revealed that pH, TP, and SOC/TN were the main factors controlling plant lignin and MNC accumulation. Structural equation modeling revealed that biochar application increased lignin phenols by stimulating root biomass, whereas enhanced MNC accumulation was primarily from increased microbial biomass and lignin phenols. Overall, our findings suggest that biochar application increases the accumulation of the two SOC sources but decreases their contributions to SOC in paddy soils.
Challenges for trainee physician–scientists during their PhD candidature: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kitching Arthur Richard , Ebeling Peter Robert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhysician–scientists are important drivers of research, in both knowledge acquisition and research translation. In Australia, many newly qualified physicians and advanced physician trainees enrol in PhD studies, with a view to training as physician–scientists. However, data on perceived challenges and ways to support them are limited.MethodsThis single‐centre study surveyed trainee physician–scientists undertaking PhD studies within the Monash University Department of Medicine in 2020. Following discussions with PhD students and a qualitative written questionnaire, trainee physician–scientists were invited to complete a quantitative survey that aimed to identify current and future career challenges and determine the type of enrichment and support mechanisms they value most and would most likely use.ResultsFrom 45 eligible participants, 25 responses were received (76% female). Participants identified multiple substantial challenges (median of 6) during their candidature relating to their project, changes in roles and their personal lives. They also envisaged future challenges post‐PhD in establishing themselves as an independent investigator, further changes in their identity and their personal lives. Of potential support mechanisms during their candidature, a mentoring program was the most favoured, with an online discussion forum being the least popular.ConclusionsTrainee physician–scientists report multiple challenges during their PhD candidature and envisage significant challenges in establishing their research independence after PhD completion. They valued several potential support mechanisms, particularly a mentoring program. Australian universities and their associated academic health services should consider establishing programs to support trainee physician–scientists.
Flirting with a basic income in Canada: Were the lessons worth the risk of popular backlash?
Authors: Forget Evelyn L. , Frankel Sid 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCanada responded to the COVID‐19 pandemic with a series of supports, including direct payments to workers displaced by public health measures. While not a true basic income, the experience highlighted a number of issues including challenges with implementation and intergovernmental relations that affected public opinion and must be dealt with by basic income advocates. The operation of the Canadian social‐liberal welfare state informed pandemic policy making and exhibited the path dependence of a deserving/undeserving binary that resulted in conditionality. The income supports associated with the pandemic represent a pragmatic response to an exogenous shock that highlights the inadequacies of existing policy and offers the possibility of change.
Diversity within universality: Explaining pandemic universal cash transfers in East Asia
Authors: Choi Young Jun , Noh Hye Sang , Han Seon Hoe , Gentilini Ugo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe response to the global COVID‐19 pandemic has prompted a surge in short‐term universal cash transfer programmes around the world. Notably, East Asian high‐income economies have been at the forefront of these initiatives. While the innovative nature of these universal cash injections has been emphasized, there is limited documentation regarding their characteristics, prospects, and underlying motivations. This article sheds light on the domestic political and institutional processes that led to the implementation and design of universal cash transfers in Hong Kong (China), Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore and Taiwan (China). Overall, the analysis reveals that, within the framework of universality, a nuanced, diverse and dynamic set of operational choices emerge. A range of factors shaped the adoption and evolution of these programmes, including, for example, political pressures stemming from political party competition and efforts to maintain political legitimacy. In general, design parameters are not only defined in technocratic terms, but are negotiated politically.
Introduction: Emergency basic income: Distraction or opportunity?
Authors: De Wispelaere Jurgen , Henderson Troy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis themed issue, guest‐edited by Jurgen De Wispelaere and Troy Henderson, is devoted to examining, first, whether the widespread use of immediate and unconditional cash transfers as a policy response to the socioeconomic impacts of the COVID‐19 crisis has provided a boost to cash transfer programmes generally and to emergency basic income (EBI) policies more specifically. The set of articles then charts the reception of EBI‐type policies as a pandemic response in specific country or regional contexts, and reflects on their relevance for the future development of universal social protection and, especially, universal basic income (UBI). While the contribution to be made by basic income to realizing resilient and agile social protection policy responses merits serious consideration, in particular in a context where existing social protection systems are patchy and fragmented, important questions remain as to how to evaluate the time‐limited EBI crisis response in light of the more durable needs which a permanent UBI purports to address.
YTHDF1 promotes gallbladder cancer progression via post‐transcriptional regulation of the m6A/UHRF1 axis
Authors: Chen Jiemin , Bai Xuesong , Zhang Wenqin , Yan Zhiyu , Liu Yongru , Zhou Shengnan , Wu Xi , He Xiaodong , Yang Aiming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGallbladder cancer is a rare but fatal malignancy. However, the mechanisms underlying gallbladder carcinogenesis and its progression are poorly understood. The function of m6A modification and its regulators was still unclear for gallbladder cancer. The current study seeks to investigate the function of YTH m6A RNA‐binding protein 1 (YTHDF1) in gallbladder cancer. Transcriptomic analysis and immunochemical staining of YTHDF1 in gallbladder cancer tissues revealed its upregulation compared to paracancerous tissues. Moreover, YTHDF1 promotes the proliferation assays, Transwell migration assays, and Transwell invasion assays of gallbladder cancer cells in vitro. And it also increased tumour growth in xenograft mouse model and metastases in tail vein injection model in vivo. In vitro, UHRF1 knockdown partly reversed the effects of YTHDF1 overexpression. Mechanistically, dual‐luciferase assays proved that YTHDF1 promotes UHRF1 expression via direct binding to the mRNA 3′‐UTR in a m6A‐dependent manner. Overexpression of YTHDF1 enhanced UHRF1 mRNA stability, as demonstrated by mRNA stability assays, and Co‐IP studies confirmed a direct interaction between YTHDF1 and PABPC1. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the progression of gallbladder cancer as well as a novel post‐transcriptional mechanism of YTHDF1 via stabilizing target mRNA.
Phenotypic plasticity, and temporal and spatial variation in the relative abundance of lentic brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, across Ontario
Authors: Haxton Tim , Ball Helen , Friday Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBrook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are a highly prized species found in lakes and streams throughout Ontario. A broadscale monitoring program (BsM) has been conducted in lakes throughout the province, in 5‐year cycles, which targets Salvelinus fontinalis populations. The objective of this study was to use the data gained from the BsM and establish a contemporary baseline on the variation of relative abundance and demographics of natural lake populations of S. fontinalis in Ontario. Additionally, given the variability in environmental conditions across the landscape, an objective was to assess the factors, abiotic and biotic, that influence relative abundance among waterbodies. Over the three BsM cycles (2008–2022), 273 S. fontinalis waterbodies were assessed, some multiple times, and 124 were unique populations. S. fontinalis were sampled in 112 of these unique lakes. In total, 7487 S. fontinalis were caught and 5372 were fully sampled (length, weight, and age assessed). The mean catch‐per‐unit‐effort (CPUE) in all waterbodies was 1.4 (0.12 standard error) S. fontinalis per net gang. There was not a significant trend in CPUE over the three BsM cycles nor did CPUE vary significantly among BsM cycles at the provincial scale, but CPUE varied significantly among fisheries management zones (FMZs). Multiple variables were examined to explain the variation in CPUE across the province; a negative association with species diversity was the only variable considered significant. Furthermore, S. fontinalis were more associated with the relative abundance of small cyprinids (i.e., chubs and shiners) and negatively associated with centrarchids, smelt, and other game species. Mean growth potential was greater for males than females but not significantly, whereas longevity favored females. Growth potential and parameters were similar between sexes within FMZs but varied among FMZs. Mean survival among these populations was 25.7%, ranging from 15.2% to 45.6%, with a mean instantaneous mortality of 1.41. This study provided a contemporary assessment of the current range and variability in relative abundance population dynamics of S. fontinalis in lakes within Ontario. This provides a benchmark to assess changes with the pending stressors of climate change and human expansion across the landscape.
Pulsed light treatment of water enriched with short‐chain fructooligosaccharides
Authors: Shaik Lubna , Pravallika Kosana , Chakraborty Snehasis , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Kale Ravindra , Misra N. N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShort‐chain fructooligosaccharides (sc‐FOS) are a soluble dietary fiber with a low calorific value and a sweet taste. The beverage industry is leveraging sc‐FOS in a variety of innovative functional drinks. However, sc‐FOS drinks are vulnerable to microbial spoilage due to the presence of free sugars and high water activity. This study explored the potential of pulsed light (PL) technology to pasteurize water enriched with sc‐FOS at 3% and 6% levels of usage. PL treatments were carried out at 1.7, 1.9, and 2.1 kV for 120, 180, and 240 s, corresponding to fluence ranging between 0.28 and 1.03 J/cm2. The microbial inactivation (of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes), pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), color profile, and sc‐FOS integrity were investigated. A 5‐log10 inactivation in the microbial populations was obtained at 1.9 kV/ 240 s (equivalent to 0.85 J/cm2 fluence). Of the log‐linear and Weibull models evaluated, Weibull model was found to best‐fit the inactivation kinetics. Insignificant effects of PL were observed on pH, TA, TSS, and color. More than 98% sc‐FOS content was retained in all samples after PL flashing. Therefore, PL technology can be explored as an industrial antimicrobial intervention for functional beverages, including water enriched with sc‐FOS.Practical applicationsShort‐chain fructooligosaccharides (sc‐FOS) are a soluble dietary fiber with a low calorific value and a sweet taste. This study explored the potential of pulsed light (PL) technology to pasteurize water enriched with sc‐FOS at 3% and 6% levels of usage. The study establishes that pulsed light (PL) treatment can be an effective nonthermal pasteurization condition for functional water enriched with short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (sc‐FOS). A PL fluence of 0.85 J/cm2 can be employed for the pasteurization of a 3% sc‐FOS drink (considered a source of dietary fiber) and a drink with 6% sc‐FOS (considered a fiber‐enriched drink). PL fluence up to 1.03 J/cm2 has no concerning effect on the total sugars or sc‐FOS content of the water enriched with FOS after PL treatment, thus making it suitable for an industrial application.
A pioneering EMR‐embedded digital health literacy tool reveals healthcare disparities for diverse older adults
Authors: Rousseau Julie , Gibbs Lisa , Garcia‐Cabrera Carlos , Runge Ava , Palmer Christina , Haria Jigar , Eichinger Matthew , Lee Jung‐Ah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic transformed healthcare delivery with the rapid adoption of telehealth and digital technologies to access healthcare. Interventions are needed to ensure that older people in underserved communities do not face new technology‐driven healthcare disparities. This article describes pioneering electronic medical record (EMR) embedded tools to assess and support each diverse patient's digital health literacy.MethodsWe designed and validated a rapid EMR‐embedded Digital Health Engagement Tool (DHET) to assess each patient's digital literacy in English and Spanish. We built a separate, EMR‐generated auto‐scoring function to assess patient use of telehealth and healthcare navigation as recorded within the EMR. Combined, the tools created a complete digital literacy assessment for each patient. We then deployed the tools to conduct a pilot study to elucidate disparities.ResultsA total of 112 ethnic/racial diverse older patients were enrolled (mean age was 78, ranging from 57 to 96) years (SD = 8.04). The female participants were 72.3%. Among the participants, non‐Hispanic Whites were 47.3%; Hispanic 25.0%; non‐Hispanic Asian 19.6%; non‐Hispanic others (including multi‐race and non‐Hispanic Black/African Americans) 8.0%. Digital literacy disparities were revealed for older adults, particularly those over 70 years old, female gender, and those reporting relying on a helper.ConclusionNew EMR‐embedded tools enable healthcare systems to assess the ability of patients to navigate and utilize EMR capabilities, such as video telehealth appointments, messaging providers, reviewing labs/radiology reports, and requesting prescriptions. The study identified significant challenges for older patients in navigating EMRs and calls for healthcare systems to better support patient learning.
Use of machine learning and Poincaré density grid in the diagnosis of sinus node dysfunction caused by sinoatrial conduction block in dogs
Authors: Flanders Wyatt Hutson , Moïse N. Sydney , Otani Niels F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSinus node dysfunction because of abnormal impulse generation or sinoatrial conduction block causes bradycardia that can be difficult to differentiate from high parasympathetic/low sympathetic modulation (HP/LSM).HypothesisBeat‐to‐beat relationships of sinus node dysfunction are quantifiably distinguishable by Poincaré plots, machine learning, and 3‐dimensional density grid analysis. Moreover, computer modeling establishes sinoatrial conduction block as a mechanism.AnimalsThree groups of dogs were studied with a diagnosis of: (1) balanced autonomic modulation (n = 26), (2) HP/LSM (n = 26), and (3) sinus node dysfunction (n = 21).MethodsHeart rate parameters and Poincaré plot data were determined [median (25%‐75%)]. Recordings were randomly assigned to training or testing. Supervised machine learning of the training data was evaluated with the testing data. The computer model included impulse rate, exit block probability, and HP/LSM.ResultsConfusion matrices illustrated the effectiveness in diagnosing by both machine learning and Poincaré density grid. Sinus pauses >2 s differentiated (P < .0001) HP/LSM (2340; 583‐3947 s) from sinus node dysfunction (8503; 7078‐10 050 s), but average heart rate did not. The shortest linear intervals were longer with sinus node dysfunction (315; 278‐323 ms) vs HP/LSM (260; 251‐292 ms; P = .008), but the longest linear intervals were shorter with sinus node dysfunction (620; 565‐698 ms) vs HP/LSM (843; 799‐888 ms; P < .0001).ConclusionsNumber and duration of pauses, not heart rate, differentiated sinus node dysfunction from HP/LSM. Machine learning and Poincaré density grid can accurately identify sinus node dysfunction. Computer modeling supports sinoatrial conduction block as a mechanism of sinus node dysfunction.
Successful hemodialysis treatment of a Quarter Horse mare with silver maple leaf toxicity and acute kidney injury
Authors: Pinnell Erin F. , Her Jiwoong , Gordon Daniel , Kinsella Hannah M. , Langston Catherine E. , Toribio Ramiro E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn adult American Quarter Horse mare presented for pigmenturia and lethargy of 12 hours' duration and was diagnosed with silver maple leaf toxicity. The mare had intravascular hemolysis and azotemia. The mare was treated with a transfusion of whole blood, fluids administered IV, antibiotics, oxygen insufflation, and supportive care. The azotemia persisted despite conventional medical management and hemodialysis was elected. After 2 intermittent hemodialysis treatments over 3 days, the azotemia almost resolved, clinical signs improved, and the mare was discharged. The blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and electrolyte concentrations remained normal 6 months later after examination by the referring veterinarian. Hemodialysis treatment can be feasible in horses if equipment and expertise are available and should be considered as a treatment option if indicated.
Analysis of handwritten heritage in the personal collection of theologian Momaqan Aliyev
Authors: Bekbolat Adilbek , Kairbekov Nurlan , Smagulov Murat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere are historical precedents of episodes of misunderstanding and confrontation between Kazakhs and Russians. The communist ideology prevailing in the USSR proclaimed the gradual extinction of religious cults, which resulted in problems in relations between confessional institutions and the state apparatus. To build a new paradigm of coexistence of two nations, it makes sense, firstly, to draw up a brief description of the state policy of the USSR regarding the Muslim religion, as an important part of the Kazakh culture. Secondly, to examine the manuscript heritage of the Kazakh historian and theologian Momaqan Aliyev (1897‐1969), who was the iconic person for his period. The methodological basis of the study has become standard methods of historical research, in particular descriptive‐narrative, historical‐genetic, source studies methods and a systemic approach. The information provided in the study will be useful for researchers in the field of ethnography, local history, sources of religious studies.