bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of the nuclear transfer efficiency by using the same genetic background of recipient oocytes as the somatic donor cells in goats
Authors: Liu Hai‐jun , Xue Jun , Li Kui , Ying Zheng‐Zhou , Zheng Zi , Wang Ru 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWe have compared the effect of the genetic background of recipient oocytes on the in vitro and in vivo development of nuclear transfer reconstructed embryos in goats. Adult fibroblast cells from Boer goats were used as donor cells, and recipient oocytes were obtained from Boer goats and Boer cross‐breeds (Boer♂ × Huanghuai♀). Nuclear transfer reconstructed embryos were cultured in vitro, or transferred into recipient goats. The mitochondrial origin of 2 cloned Boer goats was investigated by analysing the D‐loop region based on polymorphisms via DNA sequencing. There was no significant difference in the fusion rate and cleavage rate of reconstructed embryos (P>0.05), when using Boer and cross‐breeding goat oocytes as recipient cytoplast respectively. However, in vitro morula development of reconstructed embryos from Boer oocytes was significantly higher than that of cross‐breeding embryos (34.1% versus 19.1%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the rate of pregnancy and foetus loss between the 2 breeds. However, the live‐birth rate was significantly higher with Boer goat oocyte recipients than the cross‐breeds (3.1% versus 0.8%, P<0.05). Mitochondrial analysis showed that the 2 cloned goats were similar to their respective oocyte donor goats, and significantly different from the nucleus donor. In conclusion, genetic background of recipient oocytes affected in vitro and in vivo development of reconstructed embryos, with the homologous background of cytoplast and nuclear donor benefiting development of reconstructed embryos. The mitochondrial origin of the 2 cloned Boer goats came from recipient oocytes, not donors.
Bilingual Children With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Language and Memory Skills
Authors: Young Selena Ee-Li , Purcell Alison Anne , Ballard Kirrie Jane , Rickard Liow Susan Jane , Da Silva Ramos Sara , Heard Robert 
Published: February 2012

PurposeResearch shows that monolingual children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) have a higher incidence of cognitive-linguistic deficits, but it is not clear whether bilingual preschool children with CLP are especially vulnerable because they need to acquire 2 languages. We tested the hypothesis that bilingual children with CLP score lower than bilingual children with typical development (TD) on receptive vocabulary, verbal memory, and visuospatial memory.MethodParticipants were 86 bilingual CLP children and 100 TD children 3–6 years of age, dominant in English or Mandarin. Each child completed assessments of English and Mandarin vocabulary, verbal and visuospatial short-term and working memory, hearing, and articulation.ResultsWith analysis of covariance controlling for age and dominant language, no group differences were found between the CLP and TD bilingual children, although a correlational analysis indicated discrepancies in the relationship between variables.ConclusionsThe findings do not support the hypothesis that preschool children with CLP score lower than preschool children with TD on receptive vocabulary and memory measures. Longitudinal research examining literacy skill development is needed to establish whether the deficits reported for school-age monolingual children with CLP become more obvious in bilingual children in later years, especially when the medium of instruction is the child’s nondominant language.
Monitoring water transport between pores and voids in aerated gypsum using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance exchange measurements
Authors: Song Kyung-Min , Mitchell Jonathan , Jaffel Hamouda , Gladden Lynn F 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
We investigate the connectivity between aeration voids (radius 200–300 µm) and pores (radius 20 µm) in aerated gypsum plaster using two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance T
2–T
2 relaxation time exchange experiments. These measurements provide an estimate of diffusive exchange rates for water molecules moving between environments differentiated by relaxation time. Aerated gypsum is a lightweight material manufactured by the inclusion of voids to reduce the bulk density. Such materials exhibit a multi-modal distribution of pore and void sizes and are associated with novel water imbibition processes. Here, we use T
2–T
2 exchange experiments to characterize the extent of fluid communication between the voids and pores to better understand the structure–transport relationships in these systems. In turn, this will aid the design of gypsum plasters with improved physical and mechanical properties. Utilizing an analytical model based on diffusion-driven exchange, we extract exchange times and hence diffusive length-scales, which are equivalent to the pore diameter. Overall, we conclude that the voids and pores are well connected. This confirms our previous hypothesis that water uptake occurs via capillary-driven imbibition through a continuum of voids and pores in aerated gypsum.
Study on the light leakage mechanism of a blue phase liquid crystal cell with oblique interfaces
Authors: Yoon Sukin , Yang Gyu Hyung , Nayek Prasenjit , Jeong Heon , Lee Seung Hee , Hong Seung Ho , Lee Hyeok Jin , Shin Sung-Tae 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The mechanism of light leakage in the dark state of a blue phase liquid crystal display cell which has protruded electrodes was investigated. We have performed a hybrid numerical simulation by combining the geometrical optics with the extended Jones matrix method. The light leakage in the cell was caused by changes in the polarization state which has been explained by the asymmetric amplitude change of transverse electric and transverse magnetic fields at the oblique interface and the change in an effective angle between crossed polarizers by the light path refraction. Based on our analysis, light leakage can be suppressed by the matching of the refractive indices of adjacent materials to the interface of the protruded electrodes whose surfaces are not parallel to the substrate.
Phenomenology and Mathematical Practice
Authors: Leng Mary 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
A phenomenological approach to mathematical practice is sketched out, and some problems with this sort of approach are considered. The approach outlined takes mathematical practices as its data, and seeks to provide an empirically adequate philosophy of mathematics based on observation of these practices. Some observations are presented, based on two case studies of some research into the classification of C*-algebras. It is suggested that an anti-realist account of mathematics could be developed on the basis of these and other studies, locating the substance of mathematics in the various informal argument methods used by mathematicians.
Brouwer and Weyl: The Phenomenology and Mathematics of the Intuitive Continuum
Authors: VAN ATTEN MARK , VAN DALEN DIRK , TIESZEN RICHARD 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Brouwer and Weyl recognized that the intuitive continuum requires a mathematical analysis of a kind that set theory is not able to provide. As an alternative, Brouwer introduced choice sequences. We first describe the features of the intuitive continuum that prompted this development, focusing in particular on the flow of internal time as described in Husserl's phenomenology. Then we look at choice sequences and their logic. Finally, we investigate the differences between Brouwer and Weyl, and argue that Weyl's conception of choice sequences is defective on several counts.
Definitions of Pediatric Pancreatitis and Survey of Present Clinical Practices
Authors: Morinville Veronique D. , Husain Sohail Z. , Bai Harrison , Barth Bradley , Alhosh Rabea , Durie Peter R. , Freedman Steven D. , Himes Ryan , Lowe Mark E. , Pohl John , Werlin Steven , Wilschanski Michael , Uc Aliye ,   INSPPIRE Group
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:There is limited literature on acute pancreatitis (AP), acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP), and chronic pancreatitis (CP) in children. The International Study Group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In Search for a Cure (INSPPIRE) consortium was formed to standardize definitions, develop diagnostic algorithms, investigate disease pathophysiology, and design prospective multicenter studies in pediatric pancreatitis.Methods:Subcommittees were formed to delineate definitions of pancreatitis, and a survey was conducted to analyze present practice.Results:AP was defined as requiring 2 of the following: abdominal pain compatible with AP, serum amylase and/or lipase values ≥3 times upper limits of normal, and imaging findings of AP. ARP was defined as ≥2 distinct episodes of AP with intervening return to baseline. CP was diagnosed in the presence of typical abdominal pain plus characteristic imaging findings, or exocrine insufficiency plus imaging findings, or endocrine insufficiency plus imaging findings. We found that children with pancreatitis were primarily managed by pediatric gastroenterologists. Unless the etiology was known, initial investigations included serum liver enzymes, triglycerides, calcium, and abdominal ultrasound. Further investigations (usually for ARP and CP) included magnetic resonance or other imaging, sweat chloride, and genetic testing. Respondents' future goals for INSPPIRE included determining natural history of pancreatitis, developing algorithms to evaluate and manage pancreatitis, and validating diagnostic criteria.Conclusions:INSPPIRE represents the first initiative to create a multicenter approach to systematically characterize pancreatitis in children. Future aims include creation of patient database and biologic sample repository.
Overnight glucose infusion suppresses renal ammoniagenesis and reduces hyperammonaemia induced by a simulated bleed in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Mpabanzi L. , Deutz N. , Hayes P. C , Dejong C. H. C. , Olde Damink S. W. M. , Jalan R. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBackgroundA simulated upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleed in cirrhotic patients has been shown to induce hyperammonaemia. The kidney was the site of this exaggerated ammoniagenesis with alanine as substrate. Administration of alanine to decompensated cirrhotic patients did not change hepatic gluconeogenesis, but resulted in increased ammoniagenesis. We hypothesise that reduced hepatic glycogen stores result in hyperglucagonaemia which may drive increased renal gluconeogenesis and therefore alanine uptake and renal ammoniagenesis.AimTo determine whether an overnight glucose infusion lowers renal ammoniagenesis by reducing hyperglucagonaemia and renal ammoniagenesis.MethodsPatients with decompensated cirrhosis were studied in a cross‐over design. An UGI bleed was simulated via intragastric administration of an amino acids mixture mimicking the haemoglobin molecule after a 12‐h overnight fast (F‐group) or after a 12‐h treatment with 20% glucose solution (G‐group).ResultsBefore the simulated bleed the glucagon levels were 21 (15–31) pmol/L in the F‐group and 15 (9–21) pmol/L in the G‐group (P < 0.01). After the simulated bleed, arterial ammonia levels increased in both groups [F‐group: 73–118 μmol/L (P = 0.01); G‐group 64–87 μmol/L (P = 0.01)]. The enhancement of hyperammonaemia was significantly higher in the F‐group (45 [19–71] μmol/L) compared with the G‐group (23 [13–39] μmol/L) (P = 0.01). The difference in renal ammoniagenesis during the simulated bleed in the F‐group was 399 (260–655) nmol/kg/bwt/min and was significantly higher than in the G‐group 313 (1–498) nmol/kg/bwt/min (P = 0.05).ConclusionsOvernight glucose infusion results in reduced renal ammoniagenesis and attenuates ammonia levels. These observations have implications for the development of nutritional strategies in hyperammonaemic patients.
Cardiovascular outcomes associated with concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chen‐Fang , Shen Li‐Jiuan , Wu Fe‐Lin Lin , Bai Chyi‐Huey , Gau Churn‐Shiouh 
Published: February 2012

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT• Conflicting results have been reported regarding the increased risk of adverse outcomes in the concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) compared with the use of clopidogrel alone.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS• Our study indicated no statistically significant increase in the risk of rehospitalization for acute coronary syndrome due to concurrent use of clopidogrel and PPIs in an Asian population with higher prevalence of CYP2C19 intermediate and poor metabolizers. Among all PPIs, only omeprazole was found to be statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of rehospitalization for acute coronary syndrome.AIMS Our study aimed to examine the impact of concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with clopidogrel on the cardiovascular outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Furthermore, we sought to quantify the effects of five individual PPIs when used concomitantly with clopidogrel.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who were newly hospitalized for ACS between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2007 retrieved from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and who were prescribed clopidogrel (n= 37 099) during the follow‐up period. A propensity score technique was used to establish a matched cohort in 1:1 ratio (n= 5173 for each group). The primary clinical outcome was rehospitalization for ACS, while secondary outcomes were rehospitalization for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stent, PTCA without stent and revascularization (PTCA or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) after the discharge date for the index ACS event.RESULTS The adjusted hazard ratio of rehospitalization for ACS was 1.052 (95% confidence interval, 0.971–1.139; P= 0.214) in the propensity score matched cohort. Among all PPIs, only omeprazole was found to be statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of rehospitalization for ACS (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.226; 95% confidence interval, 1.066–1.410; P= 0.004). Concomitant use of esomeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole and lansoprazole did not increase the risk.CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated no statistically significant increase in the risk of rehospitalization for ACS due to concurrent use of clopidogrel and PPIs overall. Among individual PPIs, only omeprazole was found to be statistically significantly associated with increased risk of rehospitalization for ACS.
Hydroxycarbamide alters erythroid gene expression in children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Flanagan Jonathan M. , Steward Shirley , Howard Thad A. , Mortier Nicole A. , Kimble Amy C. , Aygun Banu , Hankins Jane S. , Neale Geoffrey A. , Ware Russell E. 
Published: February 2012

SummarySickle cell anaemia (SCA) is a severe debilitating haematological disorder associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. The level of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) is well‐recognized as a critical laboratory parameter: lower HbF is associated with a higher risk of vaso‐occlusive complications, organ damage, and early death. Hydroxycarbamide treatment can induce HbF, improve laboratory parameters, and ameliorate clinical complications of SCA but its mechanisms of action remain incompletely defined and the HbF response is highly variable. To identify pathways of hydroxycarbamide activity, we performed microarray expression analyses of early reticulocyte RNA obtained from children with SCA enrolled in the HydroxyUrea Study of Long‐term Effects (NCT00305175) and examined the effects of hydroxycarbamide exposure in vivo. Hydroxycarbamide affected a large number of erythroid genes, with significant decreases in the expression of genes involved in translation, ribosome assembly and chromosome organization, presumably reflecting the daily cytotoxic pulses of hydroxycarbamide. Hydroxycarbamide also affected expression of numerous genes associated with HbF including BCL11A, a key regulator of baseline HbF levels. Together, these data indicate that hydroxycarbamide treatment for SCA leads to substantial changes in erythroid gene expression, including BCL11A and other potential signalling pathways associated with HbF induction.
Tissue factor‐positive monocytes in children with sickle cell disease: correlation with biomarkers of haemolysis
Authors: Setty B. N. Yamaja , Key Nigel S. , Rao A. Koneti , Gayen‐Betal Suhita , Krishnan Suba , Dampier Carlton D. , Stuart Marie J. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryTissue Factor (TF) initiates thrombin generation, and whole blood TF (WBTF) is elevated in sickle cell disease (SCD). We sought to identify the presence of TF‐positive monocytes in SCD and their relationship with the other coagulation markers including WBTF, microparticle‐associated TF, thrombin‐antithrombin (TAT) complexes and D‐dimer. Whether major SCD‐related pathobiological processes, including haemolysis, inflammation and endothelial activation, contribute to the coagulation abnormalities was also studied. The cohort comprised children with SCD (18 HbSS, 12 HbSC, mean age 3·6 years). We demonstrated elevated levels of TF‐positive monocytes in HbSS, which correlated with WBTF, TAT and D‐dimer (P = 0·02 to P = 0·0003). While TF‐positive monocytes, WBTF, TAT and D‐dimer correlated with several biomarkers of haemolysis, inflammation and endothelial activation in univariate analyses, in multiple regression models the haemolytic markers (reticulocytes and lactate dehydrogenase) contributed exclusively to the association with all four coagulant markers evaluated. The demonstration that haemolysis is the predominant operative pathology in the associated perturbations of coagulation in HbSS at a young age provides additional evidence for the early use of therapeutic agents, such as hydroxycarbamide to reduce the haemolytic component of this disease.
Terrestrial biosphere model performance for inter‐annual variability of land‐atmosphere CO2 exchange
Authors: Keenan T.F. , Baker Ian , Barr Alan , Ciais Philippe , Davis Ken , Dietze Michael , Dragoni Danillo , Gough Christopher M , Grant Robert , Hollinger David , Hufkens Koen , Poulter Ben , McCaughey Harry , Raczka Brett , Ryu Youngryel , Schaefer Kevin , Tian Hanqin , Verbeeck Hans , Zhao Maosheng , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInterannual variability in biosphere‐atmosphere exchange of CO2 is driven by a diverse range of biotic and abiotic factors. Replicating this variability thus represents the ‘acid test’ for terrestrial biosphere models. Although such models are commonly used to project responses to both normal and anomalous variability in climate, they are rarely tested explicitly against inter‐annual variability in observations. Herein, using standardized data from the North American Carbon Program, we assess the performance of 16 terrestrial biosphere models and 3 remote sensing products against long‐term measurements of biosphere‐atmosphere CO2 exchange made with eddy‐covariance flux towers at 11 forested sites in North America. Instead of focusing on model‐data agreement we take a systematic, variability‐oriented approach and show that although the models tend to reproduce the mean magnitude of the observed annual flux variability, they fail to reproduce the timing. Large biases in modeled annual means are evident for all models. Observed interannual variability is found to commonly be on the order of magnitude of the mean fluxes. None of the models consistently reproduce observed interannual variability within measurement uncertainty. Underrepresentation of variability in spring phenology, soil thaw and snowpack melting, and difficulties in reproducing the lagged response to extreme climatic events are identified as systematic errors, common to all models included in this study.
Foam stability of leaves from anthocyanidin‐accumulating Lc‐alfalfa and relation to molecular structures detected by fourier‐transformed infrared‐vibration spectroscopy
Authors: Jonker A. , Gruber M. Y. , Wang Y. , Coulman B. , McKinnon J. J. , Christensen D. A. , Yu P. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFoam stability related to pasture bloat from alfalfa pastures might be reduced by introducing a gene that stimulates the accumulation of mono‐/polymeric‐anthocyanidin. The objective of this study was to determine the foam formation (at 0 min) and stability (at 150 min) from aqueous leaf extracts of three transgenic Lc‐alfalfa progeny (BeavLc1, RambLc3 and RangLc4), parental non‐transgenic (NT) alfalfa and AC Grazeland (bloat‐reduced cultivar) harvested at 07:00 or 18:00 h. Initial and final foam volumes at 07:00 h were lower for AC Grazeland compared with all other treatments and lower for RangLc4 compared with the other two Lc‐progeny at 0 min and NT‐alfalfa at 150 min. At 18:00 h, initial foam volume was larger for NT‐alfalfa and final foam volume was larger for RambLc3 compared with AC Grazeland, BeavLc1 and RangLc4. Spectroscopic vibration associated with carbohydrates increased initial foam volume and stability. More amide I relative to amide II, fewer α‐helices relative to β‐sheets and leaf extract ethanol‐film and protein content increased initial foam volume but did not stabilize it. Spectroscopic vibration associated with all carbohydrates other than structural carbohydrates was more important than vibration from protein structures for foam formation and stabilization. In conclusion, Lc‐alfalfa accumulated anthocyanidin and had reduced foaming properties compared with parental NT alfalfa but AC Grazeland and RangLc4 had the lowest foaming properties.
Modelling carcass disposal practices: implications for the management of an ecological service provided by vultures
Authors: Dupont Hélène , Mihoub Jean‐Baptiste , Bobbé Sophie , Sarrazin François 
Published: February 2012

Summary1. In many European countries, private companies are in charge of livestock carcass disposal. In agro‐pastoral systems, however, scavengers such as vultures provide an alternative ecological service for disposing of carcasses.2. By combining interviews with farmers and ecological data from the Grands Causses region (southern France), we developed an agent‐based model to assess the environmental and economic consequences of various farmers’ carcass disposal strategies, involving private companies and/or vultures. The model includes ‘offering’ vulture feeding behaviour, as an ecological service, and farmer choices of carcass disposal system, representing the ‘demand’ for this service.3. This ecological service can provide benefits through reducing monetary costs and carbon emissions associated with carcass disposal, but also represent a sanitary risk if vultures fail to remove carrion efficiently. Benefits and risks strongly depend on carcass disposal techniques and the wider strategy.4. The most sustainable strategy to match the ‘demand’ and ‘offer’ for carcass disposal involves the adaptive use by farmers of both the ecological and the industrial services. This strategy enables the optimization of the ecological service benefits while minimizing sanitary risks by using a private company service, when carcass disposal by vultures is uncertain.5. Synthesis and applications. In cases where there is a mismatch between the demand and the offer, negative feedback can occur for both humans and vultures. Preserving vulture populations and enhancing benefits from the sustainable service, they provide might henceforth be explicitly accounted for in legislation and carcass management guidance, in accordance with vulture food requirements. The agent‐based modelling approach described here offers a tool that can guide management strategies and policies and support coordination among stakeholders.