bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought tolerance of two black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones: contribution of carbohydrates and oxidative stress defence
Authors: REGIER NICOLE , STREB SEBASTIAN , COCOZZA CLAUDIA , SCHAUB MARCUS , CHERUBINI PAOLO , ZEEMAN SAMUEL C. , FREY BEAT 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTDrought is expected to become an increasingly important factor limiting tree growth caused by climate change. Two divergent clones of Populus nigra (58‐861 and Poli) originating from contrasting environments were subjected to water limitation (WL) to elucidate whether they differ in tolerance to drought, which mechanisms to avoid stress they exhibit and whether drought has an impact on the interactions between roots and shoots. Limiting water availability caused photosynthetic rate and total non‐structural carbohydrate (TNC) levels to decrease in 58‐861. However, starch‐degrading enzyme activity and gene expression were induced in roots, and soluble sugar levels were higher than in well‐watered (WW) plants. These data suggest that assimilation and partitioning of carbon to the roots are decreased, resulting in mobilization of stored starch. In contrast, the photosynthetic rate of Poli was reduced only late in the treatment, and carbohydrate levels in WL plants were higher than in WW plants. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and gene expression were higher in Poli than in 58‐861, even in WW plants, leading to a higher capacity to defend against oxidative stress.
Anterior cingulate volumes associated with trait impulsivity in individuals with bipolar disorder
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Nicoletti Mark A , Peluso Marco A M , Hatch John P , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Watanabe Yoshifumi , Nery Fabiano G , Monkul E Serap , Zunta‐Soares Giovana B , Bowden Charles L , Soares Jair C 
Published: August 2009

Objective:  Impulsivity is associated with the clinical outcome and likelihood of risky behaviors among bipolar disorder (BD) patients. Our previous study showed an inverse relationship between impulsivity and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) volume in healthy subjects. We hypothesized that BD patients would show an inverse relationship between impulsivity and volumes of the OFC, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of BD.Methods:  Sixty‐three BD patients were studied (mean ± SD age = 38.2 ± 11.5 years; 79% female). The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), version 11A, was used to assess trait impulsivity. Images were processed using SPM2 and an optimized voxel‐based morphometry protocol. We examined the correlations between BIS scores and the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes of the prespecified regions.Results:  Left rostral ACC GM volume was inversely correlated with the BIS total score (t = 3.95, pcorrected = 0.003) and the BIS motor score (t = 5.22, pcorrected < 0.001). In contrast to our hypothesis, OFC volumes were not significantly associated with impulsivity in BD. No WM volume of any structure was significantly correlated with impulsivity. No statistical association between any clinical variable and the rostral ACC GM volumes reached significance.Conclusions:  Based on our previous findings and the current results, impulsivity may have a different neural representation in BD and healthy subjects, and the ACC may be involved in the pathophysiology of abnormal impulsivity regulation in BD patients.
The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) consensus guidelines for the safety monitoring of bipolar disorder treatments
Authors: Ng Felicity , Mammen Oommen K , Wilting Ingeborg , Sachs Gary S , Ferrier I Nicol , Cassidy Frederick , Beaulieu Serge , Yatham Lakshmi N , Berk Michael 
Published: August 2009

Objectives: Safety monitoring is an important aspect of bipolar disorder treatment, as mood‐stabilising medications have potentially serious side effects, some of which may also aggravate existing medical comorbidities. This paper sets out the International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) guidelines for the safety monitoring of widely used agents in the treatment of bipolar disorder. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations that take into consideration the balance between safety and cost‐effectiveness, to highlight iatrogenic and preventive clinical issues, and to facilitate the broad implementation of therapeutic safety monitoring as a standard component of treatment for bipolar disorder.Methods: These guidelines were developed by an ISBD workgroup, headed by the senior author (MB), through an iterative process of serial consensus‐based revisions. After this, feedback from a multidisciplinary group of health professionals on the applicability of these guidelines was sought to develop the final recommendations.Results: General safety monitoring recommendations for all bipolar disorder patients receiving treatment and specific monitoring recommendations for individual agents are outlined.Conclusions: These guidelines are derived from evolving and often indirect data, with minimal empirical cost‐effectiveness data available to provide guidance. These guidelines will therefore need to be modified to adapt to different clinical settings and health resources. Clinical acumen and vigilance remain critical ingredients for safe treatment practice.
Nebulized hypertonic saline/salbutamol solution treatment in hospitalized children with mild to moderate bronchiolitis
Authors: Luo Zhengxiu , Liu Enmei , Luo Jian , Li Subi , Zeng Fengqiong , Yang Xiqiang , Fu Zhou 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground:  The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution and salbutamol in the treatment of mild to moderate bronchiolitis.Methods:  In a randomized controlled trial, 93 infants with mild to moderate bronchiolitis were divided into two groups. The infants received inhalation of 2.5 mg (0.5 mL) salbutamol dissolved in either 4.0 mL normal (0.9%) saline (control group, n= 43) or 4.0 mL hypertonic (3%) saline (treatment group, n= 50). The therapy was repeated three times daily until discharge. Cough, wheezing, pulmonary physical signs, and the length of hospital stay were recorded.Results:  Wheezing remission time was 3.8 ± 1.1 days in the control group and 2.7 ± 0.9 days in the treatment group (P < 0.01). Cough remission time was 6.3 ± 0.9 days in the control group and 5.3 ± 0.8 days in the treatment group (P < 0.01). The moist crackles disappeared at 5.4 ± 0.8 days in the treatment group versus 6.2 ± 0.9 days in the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the average length of hospital stay decreased from 7.4 ± 1.5 days in the control group to 6.0 ± 1.2 days in the treatment group (P < 0.01). No obvious adverse effects were observed.Conclusions:  Inhalation of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline solution and salbutamol is a safe and effective therapy for patients with mild to moderate bronchiolitis.
Early postpartum discharge and breastfeeding: An observational study from France
Authors: Cambonie Gilles , Rey Valérie , Sabarros Sophie , Baum Thierry‐Pascal , Fournier‐Favre Sébastien , Mazurier Evelyne , Boulot Pierre , Picaud Jean‐Charles 
Published: August 2009

AbstractBackground:  Early postpartum discharge is a recent practice in France, but the influence of a shortened hospital stay on subsequent breastfeeding is unknown. The objective of the present study was to compare the breastfeeding mode after early discharge (ED) and conventional discharge (CD) from a hospital maternity unit.Methods:  An observational study was conducted in a French university hospital among 135 breastfeeding mothers, who delivered between 1 January and 31 July 2006. Forty‐five ED mothers were matched with 90 CD mothers on 13 criteria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding feeding practices at 10 weeks postpartum, the period corresponding to paid maternity leave.Results:  Exclusive breast‐, mixed, and bottle feedings were reported by, respectively, 35 (77.8%), three (6.7%) and seven (15.5%) ED mothers and 64 (71.1%), 12 (13.3%) and 14 (15.6%) CD mothers (no significant differences). Satisfaction with support for breastfeeding and reasons for switching to mixed or bottle feeding were comparable in the two groups. Multivariate analysis indicated that only the planned duration of breastfeeding and the mother's dissatisfaction with help significantly influenced breastfeeding prevalence.Conclusions:  Early postpartum hospital discharge organized by skilled professionals is compatible with a satisfactory rate of exclusive breastfeeding up to the return to work. Formalized programs of instruction for perinatal professionals would help to reduce early abandonment.
Current status of ureteroscopic treatment for urolithiasis
Authors: Skolarikos Andreas A , Papatsoris Athanasios G , Mitsogiannis Iraklis C , Chatzidarellis Lefteris , Liakouras Christos , Deliveliotis Charalambos 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIntracorporeal treatment of urolithiasis is characterized by continuous technological evolution. In this review we present updated data upon the use of ureteroscopy for the management of urolithiasis. Novel digital flexible ureteroscopes are used in clinical practice. Ureteroscopic working tools are revolutionized resulting in safer and more efficient procedures. Special categories of stone patients such as pregnant women, children and patients on anticoagulation medication can now undergo uneventful ureteroscopy. Routine insertion of stents and access sheaths as well as bilateral ureteroscopy is still a controversial issue. Future perspectives include smaller and better instruments to visualize and treat a stone, while robotic ureteroscopy is becoming a fascinating reality.
Mechanisms of after‐hyperpolarization following activation of fly visual motion‐sensitive neurons
Authors: Kurtz Rafael , Beckers Ulrich , Hundsdörfer Benjamin , Egelhaaf Martin 
Published: August 2009

AbstractIn many neurons, strong excitatory stimulation causes an after‐hyperpolarization (AHP) at stimulus offset, which might give rise to activity‐dependent adaptation. Graded‐potential visual motion‐sensitive neurons of the fly Calliphora vicina respond with depolarization and hyperpolarization during motion in their preferred direction and their anti‐preferred direction, respectively. A prominent after‐response, opposite in sign to the response during motion, is selectively expressed after stimulation with preferred‐direction motion. Previous findings suggested that this AHP is generated in the motion‐sensitive neurons themselves rather than in presynaptic processing layers. However, it remained unknown whether the AHP is caused by membrane depolarization itself or by another process, e.g. a signaling cascade triggered by activity of excitatory input channels. Here we showed by current injections and voltage clamp that the AHP and a corresponding current are generated directly by depolarization. To test whether the generation of an AHP is linked to depolarization via a Ca2+‐dependent mechanism, we used photoactivation of a high‐affinity Ca2+ buffer. In accordance with previous findings the AHP was insensitive to manipulation of cytosolic Ca2+. We propose that membrane depolarization presents a more direction‐selective mechanism for the control of AHP than other potential control parameters.
Enhanced dense core granule function and adrenal hypersecretion in a mouse model of Rett syndrome
Authors: Ladas Thomas , Chan Shyue‐An , Ogier Michael , Smith Corey , Katz David M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is a progressive developmental disorder resulting from loss‐of‐function mutations in the gene encoding methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a transcription regulatory protein. The RTT phenotype is complex and includes severe cardiorespiratory abnormalities, dysautonomia and behavioral symptoms of elevated stress. These findings have been attributed to an apparent hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system due to defects in brainstem development; however, the possibility that the peripheral sympathoadrenal axis itself is abnormal has not been explored. The present study demonstrates that the adrenal medulla and sympathetic ganglia of Mecp2 null mice exhibit markedly reduced catecholamine content compared with wild‐type controls. Despite this, null animals exhibit significantly higher plasma epinephrine levels, suggesting enhanced secretory granule function in adrenal chromaffin cells. Indeed, we find that Mecp2 null chromaffin cells exhibit a cell autonomous hypersecretory phenotype characterized by significant increases in the speed and size of individual secretory granule fusion events in response to electrical stimulation. These findings appear to indicate accelerated formation and enhanced dilation of the secretory granule fusion pore, resulting in elevated catecholamine release. Our data therefore highlight abnormal catecholamine function in the sympathoadrenal axis as a potential source of autonomic dysfunction in RTT. These findings may help to explain the apparent ‘overactivity’ of the sympathetic nervous system reported in patients with RTT.
Deep cox1 divergence and hyperdiversity of Trigonopterus weevils in a New Guinea mountain range (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)
Authors: Riedel Alexander , Daawia Daawia , Balke Michael 
Published: August 2009

Riedel, A., Daawia, D. & Balke, M. (2009). Deep cox1 divergence and hyperdiversity of Trigonopterus weevils in a New Guinea mountain range (Coleoptera, Curculionidae).—Zoologica Scripta, 39, 63–74. Trigonopterus is a little‐known genus of flightless tropical weevils. A survey in one locality, the Cyclops Mountains of West New Guinea, yielded 51 species, at least 48 of them undescribed. In this study, we show that mtDNA sequencing, or DNA barcoding, is an effective and useful tool for rapid discovery and identification of these species, most of them morphologically very difficult to distinguish even for expert taxonomists. The genus is hyperdiverse in New Guinea and different species occur on foliage and in the litter layer. Morphological characters for its diagnosis are provided. Despite their external similarity, the genetic divergence between the species is high (smallest interspecific divergence 16%, mean 20%). We show that Trigonopterus are locally hyperdiverse and genetically very strongly structured. Their potential for rapid local biodiversity assessment surveys in Melanesia is outlined (α‐diversity); providing a regional perspective on Trigonopterus diversity and biogeography is the next challenge (β‐diversity).
AQUINAS AND THE OBLIGATIONS OF MERCY
Authors: Floyd Shawn 
Published: August 2009

ABSTRACTContemporary philosophers often construe mercy as a supererogatory notion or a matter of punitive leniency. Yet it is false that no merciful actions are obligatory. Further, it is questionable whether mercy is really about punitive leniency, either exclusively or primarily. As an alternative to these accounts, I consider the view offered by St. Thomas Aquinas. He rejects the claim that we are never obligated to be merciful. Also, his view of mercy is not restricted to legal contexts. For him, mercy's scope is considerably broader, as it concerns a wide range of needs and hardships to which human beings are vulnerable. Such a view, I submit, affords a kind of normative depth lacking in many contemporary accounts. Unlike those views that construe mercy as either a supererogatory or legal concept, Aquinas's account illuminates mercy's obligatory nature and encourages us to make mercy a more salient fixture of our moral lives.
EFNS guideline on the drug treatment of migraine – revised report of an EFNS task force
Authors: Evers S. , Áfra J. , Frese A. , Goadsby P. J. , Linde M. , May A. , Sándor P. S. 
Published: August 2009

Background:  Migraine is one of the most frequent disabling neurological conditions with a major impact on the patients’ quality of life.Objectives:  To give evidence‐based or expert recommendations for the different drug treatment procedures in the particular migraine syndromes based on a literature search and the consensus of an expert panel.Methods:  All available medical reference systems were screened for the range of clinical studies on migraine with and without aura and on migraine‐like syndromes. The findings in these studies were evaluated according to the recommendations of the European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) resulting in level A, B, or C recommendations and good practice points.Recommendations:  For the acute treatment of migraine attacks, oral non‐steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) and triptans are recommended. The administration should follow the concept of stratified treatment. Before intake of NSAID and triptans, oral metoclopramide or domperidone is recommended. In very severe attacks, intravenous acetylsalicylic acid or subcutaneous sumatriptan are drugs of first choice. Status migrainosus can be treated by cortoicosteroids, although this is not universally held to be helpful, or dihydroergotamine. For the prophylaxis of migraine, betablockers (propranolol and metoprolol) flunarizine, valproic acid, and topiramate are drugs of first choice. Drugs of second choice for migraine prophylaxis include amitriptyline, naproxen, petasites, and bisoprolol.
A meta‐analysis of parasite virulence in nestling birds
Authors: Møller A. P. , Arriero E. , Lobato E. , Merino S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractParasitism is a common cause of host mortality, but little is known about the ecological factors affecting parasite virulence (the rate of mortality among infected hosts). We reviewed 117 field estimates of parasite‐induced nestling mortality in birds, showing that there was significant consistency in mortality among host and parasite taxa. Virulence increased towards the tropics in analyses of both species‐specific data and phylogenetic analyses. We found evidence of greater parasite prevalence being associated with reduced virulence. Furthermore, bird species breeding in open nest sites suffered from greater parasite‐induced mortality than hole‐nesting species. By contrast, parasite specialization and generation time of parasites relative to that of hosts explained little variation in virulence. Likewise, there were little or no significant effects of host genetic variability, host sociality, host migration, host insular distribution or host survival on parasite virulence. These findings suggest that parasite‐induced nestling mortality in birds is mainly determined by geographical location and to a smaller extent nest site and prevalence.
The effects of valence and arousal on the neural activity leading to subsequent memory
Authors: Mickley Steinmetz Katherine R. , Kensinger Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis study examined how valence and arousal affect the processes linked to subsequent memory for emotional information. While undergoing an fMRI scan, participants viewed neutral pictures and emotional pictures varying by valence and arousal. After the scan, participants performed a recognition test. Subsequent memory for negative or high arousal information was associated with occipital and temporal activity, whereas memory for positive or low arousal information was associated with frontal activity. Regression analyses confirmed that for negative or high arousal items, temporal lobe activity was the strongest predictor of later memory whereas for positive or low arousal items, frontal activity corresponded most strongly with later memory. These results suggest that the types of encoding processes relating to memory (e.g., sensory vs. elaborative processing) can differ based on the affective qualities of emotional information.
Early life stress and psychiatric disorder modulate cortical responses to affective stimuli
Authors: Weber Katja , Miller Gregory A. , Schupp Harald T. , Borgelt Jens , Awiszus Barbara , Popov Tzvetan , Elbert Thomas , Rockstroh Brigitte 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAltered affective processing has been proposed as mediating between early life stress (ELS) and subsequent psychopathology. The present study examined whether ELS influences affective cortical processing differently in psychiatric patients and healthy subjects. The number of stressful experiences before onset of puberty was assessed in 50 inpatients with diagnoses of Major Depressive Disorder, schizophrenia, drug addiction, or Borderline Personality Disorder and in 20 healthy comparison subjects. Subjects monitored pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures during magnetoencephalographic recording. Suppression of right‐posterior activity 160–210 ms after stimulus onset was associated with certain diagnoses and high ELS. Results confirmed specific contributions of ELS versus adult stress, comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder, or depression.
On the differentiation of N2 components in an appetitive choice task: Evidence for the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
Authors: Leue Anja , Chavanon Mira‐Lynn , Wacker Jan , Stemmler Gerhard 
Published: August 2009

AbstractTask‐ and personality‐related modulations of the N2 were probed within the framework of the revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). Using an appetitive choice task, we investigated 58 students with extreme scores on the behavioral inhibition system and behavioral approach system (BIS/BAS) scales. The baseline‐to‐peak N2 amplitude was sensitive to the strength of decision conflict and demonstrated RST‐related personality differences. In addition to the baseline N2 amplitude, temporal PCA results suggested two N2 components accounting for a laterality effect and capturing different N2 patterns for BIS/BAS groups with increasing conflict level. Evidence for RST‐related personality differences was obtained for baseline‐to‐peak N2 and tPCA components in the present task. The results support the RST prediction that BAS sensitivity modulates conflict processing and confirm the cognitive–motivational conflict concept of RST.
ERP correlates of online monitoring of auditory feedback during vocalization
Authors: Hawco Colin S. , Jones Jeffery A. , Ferretti Todd R. , Keough Dwayne 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWhen speakers hear the fundamental frequency (F0) of their voice altered, they shift their F0 in the direction opposite the perturbation. The current study used ERPs to examine sensory processing of short feedback perturbations during an ongoing utterance. In one session, participants produced a vowel at an F0 of their own choosing. In another session, participants matched the F0 of a cue voice. An F0 perturbation of 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 cents was introduced for 100 ms. A mismatch negativity (MMN) was observed. Differences between sessions were only found for 200‐cent perturbations. Reduced compensation when speakers experienced the 200‐cent perturbations suggests that this larger perturbation was perceived as externally generated. The presence of an MMN, and no earlier (N100) response suggests that the underlying sensory process used to identify and compensate for errors in mid‐utterance may differ from feedback monitoring at utterance onset.
‘Home comes first’: housing and homemaking in Finnish civic educational films during 1945–1969
Authors: Lammi Minna 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThis article focuses on how the ideals of housing and homemaking were presented in post‐war civic educational films in Finland. The films chosen for the article pertain to housing on a wide scope. The analysis shows that the ideals of good homes appeared to be remarkably consistent in the Finnish educational short films. The most important objective was to guide citizens towards careful household management and saving. Through rationalizing home economics, consumers were able to buy their own home. The ideal housewife had a positive attitude towards technology and rational household management. While the short films instructed people towards temperate and sensible consumption, they also created space for ordinary people to envision new opportunities for consumption.