bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapy‐provided operant conditioning in the management of low back pain disability: A systematic review
Authors: Bunzli Samantha , Gillham David , Esterman Adrian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Non‐specific low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability in developed countries. Behavioural interventions have been found efficacious in reducing disability in LBP. Operant conditioning is one type of behavioural intervention being employed by physiotherapists; however, the effectiveness of physiotherapist‐provided operant conditioning (POC) in the management of LBP disability is unknown. This review aims to answer the question: is POC more effective than comparison interventions in reducing LBP disability? Method. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted using a qualitative analysis of effect. Participants were adults ≥18 years with non‐specific LBP. The intervention was defined as a time contingent, graduated increase in activity including goal setting and the education and reinforcement of positive pain behaviours with the aim of decreasing disability. The primary outcome measure was back pain specific disability. Secondary outcomes included generic functional status, pain intensity, sick leave, fear avoidance beliefs or behaviour and adverse effects. Results. Fifteen trials involving 3737 people were included. Eight studies reported a clinically significant difference. The POC intervention was not found to be inferior to any of the comparison interventions in reducing disability. Moderate evidence was found that POC is more effective than other behavioural interventions in reducing long term disability in chronic LBP. Moderate evidence showed POC may be more effective than other treatments in reducing post‐treatment fear avoidance beliefs in a sub‐acute population but less effective in reducing short term fear avoidance beliefs in a population with mixed LBP. Moderate evidence showed POC is more effective than a placebo intervention in reducing short term pain in sub‐acute LBP. Conclusion. POC may be considered efficacious in the treatment of LBP. Physiotherapists may also consider POC for its additional effect of reducing long term disability in chronic LBP. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide linkage analysis of 1,233 prostate cancer pedigrees from the International Consortium for prostate cancer Genetics using novel sumLINK and sumLOD analyses
Authors: Christensen G. Bryce , Baffoe‐Bonnie Agnes B. , George Asha , Powell Isaac , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Carpten John D. , Giles Graham G. , Hopper John L. , Severi Gianluca , English Dallas R. , Foulkes William D. , Maehle Lovise , Moller Pal , Eeles Ros , Easton Douglas , Badzioch Michael D. , Whittemore Alice S. , Oakley‐Girvan Ingrid , Hsieh Chih‐Lin , Dimitrov Latchezar , Xu Jianfeng , Stanford Janet L. , Johanneson Bo , Deutsch Kerry , McIntosh Laura , Ostrander Elaine A. , Wiley Kathleen E. , Isaacs Sarah D. , Walsh Patrick C. , Isaacs William B. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , McDonnell Shannon K. , Hebbring Scott , Schaid Daniel J. , Lange Ethan M. , Cooney Kathleen A. , Tammela Teuvo L.J. , Schleutker Johanna , Paiss Thomas , Maier Christiane , Grönberg Henrik , Wiklund Fredrik , Emanuelsson Monica , Farnham James M. , Cannon‐Albright Lisa A. , Camp Nicola J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PC) is generally believed to have a strong inherited component, but the search for susceptibility genes has been hindered by the effects of genetic heterogeneity. The recently developed sumLINK and sumLOD statistics are powerful tools for linkage analysis in the presence of heterogeneity.METHODSWe performed a secondary analysis of 1,233 PC pedigrees from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG) using two novel statistics, the sumLINK and sumLOD. For both statistics, dominant and recessive genetic models were considered. False discovery rate (FDR) analysis was conducted to assess the effects of multiple testing.RESULTSOur analysis identified significant linkage evidence at chromosome 22q12, confirming previous findings by the initial conventional analyses of the same ICPCG data. Twelve other regions were identified with genome‐wide suggestive evidence for linkage. Seven regions (1q23, 5q11, 5q35, 6p21, 8q12, 11q13, 20p11–q11) are near loci previously identified in the initial ICPCG pooled data analysis or the subset of aggressive PC pedigrees. Three other regions (1p12, 8p23, 19q13) confirm loci reported by others, and two (2p24, 6q27) are novel susceptibility loci. FDR testing indicates that over 70% of these results are likely true positive findings. Statistical recombinant mapping narrowed regions to an average of 9 cM.CONCLUSIONSOur results represent genomic regions with the greatest consistency of positive linkage evidence across a very large collection of high‐risk PC pedigrees using new statistical tests that deal powerfully with heterogeneity. These regions are excellent candidates for further study to identify PC predisposition genes. Prostate 70: 735–744, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phorbol ester phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human prostate cancer ARCaPE cells
Authors: He Hui , Davidson Alec J. , Wu Daqing , Marshall Fray F. , Chung Leland W.K. , Zhau Haiyen E. , He Dalin , Wang Ruoxiang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe have reported that human prostate cancer ARCaPE cells undertake epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when stimulated by certain soluble factors, and that EMT is regulated by surface receptor‐elicited signaling pathways through protein phosphorylation. It is known that phorbol ester phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), a potent antagonist to both conventional and novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes, induces cancer cell scattering.METHODSTo assess the effect of PMA on EMT, ARCaPE cells were treated with PMA and were assayed for EMT‐related morphologic and behavioral changes. Specific inhibitors were used to investigate the PMA‐induced EMT.RESULTSPMA at 100 nM induced EMT in a time‐dependent manner, resulting in a complete change from epithelial to mesenchymal stromal morphology. Concurrently, PMA inhibited expression of epithelial marker E‐cadherin and increased the level of stromal marker protein vimentin, while the treated cells showed increased migratory and invasive capacities. Using specific inhibitors, we confirmed that the effect of PMA was mediated by PKC, while isoenzymes of the novel PKC subfamily were implicated as the main mediator. Finally, we determined that the EMT was dependent on newly synthesized proteins, because inhibitors for gene transcription and protein translation could both inhibit the initiation of EMT.CONCLUSIONSAlthough PMA is well known for its effects on cell migration and tumor formation, this work is the first to define PMA as an EMT inducer in prostate cancer cells. Further investigation in this experimental model may reveal important regulatory mechanisms and additional molecular changes underlying EMT. Prostate 70: 1119–1126, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
5‐azacitidine restores and amplifies the bicalutamide response on preclinical models of androgen receptor expressing or deficient prostate tumors
Authors: Gravina Giovanni Luca , Marampon Francesco , Di Staso Mario , Bonfili Pierluigi , Vitturini Alessandro , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Pestell Richard G. , Tombolini Vincenzo , Festuccia Claudio 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpigenetic modifications play a key role in the in prostate cancer (Pca) progression to a hormone refractory state (HRPC) and the current use of agents targeting epigenetic changes has become a topic of intense interest in cancer research. In this regard, 5‐Azacitine (5‐Aza) represents a promising epigenetic modulator. This study tested the hypothesis that 5‐Aza may restore and enhance the responsiveness of HRPC cells to anti‐hormonal therapy on Androgen receptor (AR) expressing (22rv1) and AR‐deficient (PC3) cells.METHODSThe effects were studied in vitro and in vivo models. This sequential treatment induced in vitro cell cycle arrest and apoptosis both in 22rv1 and PC3 tumor cell lines.RESULTSThis combined treatment up‐regulated the expression of FasL, phospho‐FADD, p16INKA, Bax, Bak, and p21WAF1, and inhibited FLIP, Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐XL expression. The re‐activation of hormonal response of AR‐negative PC3 cell line was partially due to the AR re‐expression mediated by 5‐Aza treatment. In contrast, the increase in the response to anti‐androgenic therapy in 22rv1 did not correlate with AR expression levels. Furthermore, xenograft studies revealed that the combined treatment of 5‐Aza with AR‐antagonist Bicalutamide had additive/synergistic effects in repressing tumor growth in vivo and the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects seem to be in part mediated by induction of apoptosis.CONCLUSIONSSo, this study strongly suggests a therapeutic potential of 5‐Aza in combination with anti‐androgen therapy in patients with in AR expressing and AR‐deficient HRPC. Prostate 70: 1166–1178, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FoldGPCR: Structure prediction protocol for the transmembrane domain of G protein‐coupled receptors from class A
Authors: Michino Mayako , Chen Jianhan , Stevens Raymond C. , Brooks Charles L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBuilding reliable structural models of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a difficult task because of the paucity of suitable templates, low sequence identity, and the wide variety of ligand specificities within the superfamily. Template‐based modeling is known to be the most successful method for protein structure prediction. However, refinement of homology models within 1–3 Å Cα RMSD of the native structure remains a major challenge. Here, we address this problem by developing a novel protocol (foldGPCR) for modeling the transmembrane (TM) region of GPCRs in complex with a ligand, aimed to accurately model the structural divergence between the template and target in the TM helices. The protocol is based on predicted conserved inter‐residue contacts between the template and target, and exploits an all‐atom implicit membrane force field. The placement of the ligand in the binding pocket is guided by biochemical data. The foldGPCR protocol is implemented by a stepwise hierarchical approach, in which the TM helical bundle and the ligand are assembled by simulated annealing trials in the first step, and the receptor‐ligand complex is refined with replica exchange sampling in the second step. The protocol is applied to model the human β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2AR) bound to carazolol, using contacts derived from the template structure of bovine rhodopsin. Comparison with the X‐ray crystal structure of the β2AR shows that our protocol is particularly successful in accurately capturing helix backbone irregularities and helix‐helix packing interactions that distinguish rhodopsin from β2AR. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro effects of flutriafol and azoxystrobin on Beauvaria bassiana and its efficacy against Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Gatarayiha Mutimura C , Laing Mark D , Miller Ray M 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Testing the compatibility of chemical pesticides and fungal biocontrol agents is necessary if these two agents are to be applied together in the integrated management of plant pests and diseases. In this study, the fungicides azoxystrobin (a strobilurin) and flutriafol (a triazole) were tested in vitro for their effects on germination of conidia and mycelial growth of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and in bioassay for their effect on fungal activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch. The fungicides were tested at three different concentrations [recommended rate for field use (1 × X) and the dilutions 10−1× X and 10−2× X].RESULTS: Flutriafol inhibited growth of mycelia and germination of the fungal conidia at all concentrations tested in vitro, and also reduced the efficacy of B. bassiana in bioassays against mites. The inhibitive effect of azoxystrobin in vitro varied with the concentration applied. A significant effect was observed at 1 × X and 10−1× X concentrations on both the germination of conidia and mycelia growth. At 10−2× X concentration, azoxystrobin showed little effect on B. bassiana. However, when this fungicide was tested in bioassays, none of the concentrations reduced B. bassiana activity against mites.CONCLUSION: Azoxystrobin was most compatible with B. bassiana, while flutriafol was the most harmful. Further studies are required to confirm the negative effect of flutriafol on B. bassiana activity. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Arsenic incorporation in MBE‐grown HgCdTe studied with the use of ion milling
Authors: Izhnin I. I. , Dvoretsky S. A. , Mynbaev K.D. , Mikhailov N. N. , Sidorov Yu. G. , Varavin V. S. , Jakiela R. , Pociask M. , Savitsky G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIon milling was employed for the study of arsenic incorporation in molecular beam epitaxy‐grown Hg0.8Cd0.2Te films doped in situ. The behaviour of specific defects, which formed after injection of mercury interstitials provided by the milling, allowed for estimating density of electrically active arsenic atoms. It is confirmed that the most efficient incorporation of As occurs when arsenic flux cracking is used, at the cracking zone temperature Tcr > 700 °C. Growth with doping without cracking was found to be accompanied by formation of Te‐related defects, which ion milling activated electrically. Films doped from the cracker cell with Tcr > 700 °C appear to be almost free of these defects. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modifying growth conditions of ZnO nanorods for solar cell applications
Authors: Sartor Janos , Maier‐Flaig F. , Conradt J. , Fallert J. , Kalt H. , Weissenberger D. , Gerthsen D 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe show that the size of nanorods grown by a vapour phase transport method on different substrates can be easily changed by an order of magnitude. This allows producing customized nanorod arrays that can improve the efficiency of Grätzel‐type solar cells as well as polymer hybrid solar cells. Luminescence measurements show that doping is possible simply by the choice of the substrate. The crystalline quality is examined by high resolution TEM measurements (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High sensitive ultraviolet organic‐inorganic hybrid photodetectors on ZnSSe grown on p‐GaAs with transparent conducting polymer window‐layer
Authors: Abe Tomoki , Katada Daisuke , Miki Kohei , Tanaka Ken , Nomura Mari , Inagaki Yusuke , Tani Tatsuya , Ohtsuki Masashi , Kasada Hirofumi , Ando Koshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe have developed organic‐inorganic hybrid Schottky‐type photodetectors with conducting polymer as a window layer on ZnSSe/p‐GaAs wafers. Photodetector wafers used in this study were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We used poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as conducting polymer window layers formed by spin coating technique on the semiconductor ZnSSe layers. We have succeeded in fabrication of new polymer/ZnSSe structure photodiodes on p‐GaAs substrates. The present device has exhibited very high blue‐ultraviolet external quantum efficiency ηex = 68 ∼ 87% without anti‐reflection coating. The external quantum efficiency in the UV region is ηex = 81% (wavelength: 300 nm), which is higher than that of commercial Si UV‐photodiode of ηex = 54%. Furthermore, the device exhibits deep UV quantum efficiency ηex = 71% (wavelength: 250 nm). A dark current density is as low as 10 pA/mm2 at a reverse bias voltage of 10 V by using Pt guard‐ring structure. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiphonon scattering and non‐radiative decay in ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Senthilkumar K. , Tokunaga M. , Okamoto H. , Senthilkumar O. , Lin J. , Urban B. , Neogi A. , Fujita Y. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractZnO nanoparticles were prepared using a simple evaporation technique at pressures of 75 and 760 torr. A wide visible emission was recorded from both samples using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The presence of green emission at 530 nm is due to deep level defects of vacant zinc VZn, and/or their complexes in the ZnO band gap. The fundamental optical phonon modes were identified in addition to multiphonon combination of optical and acoustical overtones and nitrogen related local vibrational modes using Raman backscattering. The existence of multiphonons induces the non‐radiative processes. The life time of both the radiative and non‐radiative processes is discussed using time resolved photoluminescence spectroscopic results (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
HgCdTe monolithic infrared detector
Authors: Yakushev Maxim V. , Dvoretsky Sergei A. , Kozlov Alexander I. , Sabinina Irina V. , Sidorov Yuri G. , Sorochkin Alexander V. , Fomin Boris I. , Aseev Alexander L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe report the processes of fabricating monolithic 32×32 infrared detector based on (310) HgCdTe/CdTe/ZnTe/ Si photosensitive heterostructure which was grown by a molecular‐beam epitaxy technique in the free surface of ROIC cells. Optimum parameters of the technological processes were determined. The minimum temperature of preepitaxial thermal annealing in vacuum of ROIC was determined as 450 °C. The dark and photo current–voltage characteristics were measured and analyzed. A good sensitivity of diodes was observed. The product R0×A ∼ 105 Ohm×cm2. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical studies on paramagnetic/superparamagnetic ZnO:Co films grown by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Chen Limei , Ye Shuangli , Ney Andreas , Klar Peter J. , Hofmann Detlev M. , Jankowsky Stephanie , Heimbrodt Wolfram 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA series of Zn0.9Co0.1O thin films was grown by UHV‐magnetron reactive sputtering at different Ar:O2 flow rates. Decreasing the oxygen flow rates towards oxygen deficient growth lowers the structural quality of the films. Furthermore, it alters the magnetic properties of the films measured by SQUID magnetometry. Paramagnetic behaviour was observed for samples of high structural quality grown under optimized conditions whereas superparamagnetism was observed for oxygen deficient samples due to the emergence of magnetic clustering. Optical spectroscopic methods such as Raman spectroscopy, transmission and photoluminescence reveal that the altered growth conditions even affect the optical spectra of the films, and indicate that the magnetic properties are strongly associated with the structural quality of the ZnO:Co films. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
XRD characterization of ZnO layers grown on GaAs(111)B, c‐plane and a‐plane sapphire substrates by plasma‐assisted MBE
Authors: Muranaka Tsutomu , Sakano Tatsumi , Mizuguchi Keiichi , Nabetani Yoichi , Akitsu Tetsuya , Matsumoto Takashi , Hagihara Shigeru , Abe Osamu , Hiraki Satoshi , Fujikawa Yuichiro 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStructural evaluation of the ZnO epitaxial layers grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) on the GaAs (111)B, c ‐plane (0001) and a ‐plane (11‐20) sapphire (α ‐Al2O3) substrates was demonstrated by using high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The in‐plane epitaxial relationships between the ZnO layers and the substrates were found to be ZnO(0001)<11‐20>II GaAs(111)<1‐10>, ZnO(0001)<11‐20>IIα ‐Al2O3(0001) <1‐100> and ZnO (0001)<11‐20>II α ‐Al2O3(11‐20)<0001>. All the ZnO layers were highly oriented to the c‐axis but larger fluctuations of the c‐axis were observed for the layers on the GaAs(111)B substrates. The lattice parameters of the ZnO layers were evaluated from the θ ‐2θ and ω ‐2θ scans, and reciprocal lattice mappings (RLMs). The in‐plane compressive strains up to 0.3% in the ZnO layers on both the c ‐plane and a ‐plane sapphire substrates, and the in‐plane tensile strains up to 0.4% in the ZnO films on the GaAs(111)B substrates were observed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigations of strain in ZnMgSe/ZnSe microdisks by means of the micro‐Raman imaging
Authors: Panfilova Marina , Pawlis Alexander , Shchekin Alexey , Lemeshko Sergey , Lischka Klaus 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStrain in the semiconductor multilayer structures of lasing devices has an important influence on their optical properties. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy is a suitable technique for non‐destructive direct analysis of the structural properties of semiconductor structures. The strain distribution in ZnMgSe/ZnSe microdisks has been measured by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. The frequency of the ZnSe longitudinal optical phonon shifts about 2.8 cm‐1 towards lower frequencies from the centre to the edge of the disk. In the central region of the disk the ZnSe quantum well and the ZnMgSe barriers are pseudomorphic strained on GaAs while in the free stranding region the ZnSe quantum well is pseudomorphic with the ZnMgSe barriers. Despite the strain relaxation alongthe radial direction of the disk, the microdisk is free of defects as demonstrated by the absence of the transverse optical phonon lines. These findings confirm sufficiently high quality values in such strained microdisk cavities to facilitate their application in optoelectronic devices. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Human performance in the task of port placement for biosensor use
Authors: King Brady W. , Reisner Luke A. , Ellis R. Darin , Klein Michael D. , Auner Gregory W. , Pandya Abhilash K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a study of participants' abilities to place a laparoscopic port for in vivo biosensor use. Biosensors have physical limitations that make port placement crucial to proper data collection. A new port placement algorithm enabled evaluation of port locations, using segmented patient data in a virtual environment.MethodsPort placement scoring algorithms were integrated into an image‐guided surgery system. Virtual test scenes were created to evaluate various scenarios encountered during biosensor use. Participants were scored based on their ability to choose a port location from which points of interest could be scanned with a biosensor. Participants' scores were also compared to those of a port placement algorithm.ResultsThe port placement algorithm consistently outscored participants by 10–25%. Participants were inconsistent from trial to trial and from participant to participant.ConclusionPort placement for biosensor procedures could be improved through training or augmentation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.