bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of Root Canal Morphology and Configuration of Mandibular Premolars in Saudi and Sudanese Subpopulations
Authors: Salah Lina , Alkhames Hussain M. , Alhaj Zokaa , Al-Jubran Saleh M. A. , Mohammed Aseel , Baleis Hussain H. I. , Almadeh Naji M. M. , Ibrahim Amir I. O. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objective To evaluate and compare the root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in Saudi and Sudanese subpopulations and between males and females within each group using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was done between May 2022 and July 2023. Six hundred premolars from Saudi and Sudanese subpopulations were evaluated using CBCT for their number of roots, type of root canal configuration based on Vertucci's classification, and average canal length measured from the buccal cusp tip to the root end.
Statistical Analysis Statistical comparisons were made between males and females within each subpopulation and the two subpopulations using the chi-square test for root number and type of root canal configuration and an independent sample t-test for the canal length.
Results Most mandibular premolars in both subpopulations had a single root, with type I root canal configuration. However, Sudanese showed various canal configurations (I, II, III, IV, and V) compared with Saudis, which was statistically significant in the first canal of the first mandibular premolar (p < 0.05). Also, there were statistically significant differences in canal length between Saudi males and females (p < 0.05) and between Saudis and Sudanese (p < 0.05) in the first and second premolars.
Conclusion Although most mandibular premolars in Saudi and Sudanese subpopulations exhibited a single root and type I canal configuration, variations exist between and within the groups, highlighting ethnic and gender differences and emphasizing the need for dentists' attention.
Ecological money and finance—upscaling local complementary currencies
Authors: Lagoarde-Ségot Thomas , Mathieu Alban 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper puts forth a new pathway to sustainable policy to upscale the transformative power of local complementary currencies. It first reviews the mechanisms by which complementary currencies re-embed monetary circulation within sustainability and biomimetic resilience criteria. It then puts forth a prototype policy pathway whereby private banks swap SDG impact certificates of their complementary currency loans against new reserve assets held at the Central Bank. It finally provides analytical insight on this prototype policy with a a new PK-SFC model comprising 106 accounting and behavioral equations. Simulations show that the prototype policy generates short-lived economic expansion, increases banking stability, and induces structural change through increased systemic capacity for evolution, resilience, and fitness for evolution. We finally discuss the practical implications of our results for sustainability policies.
Non-coresidential intergenerational relations from the perspective of adult children in China: typology and social welfare implications
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Ngok Kinglun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe social changes in the new century and the shifting concept of filial piety have jointly shaped the unique intergenerational relationships in China. Intergenerational relationships are closely connected to arrangements for care of the older adults, particularly those who live alone. Based on data from the 2017 China General Social Survey (CGSS), the latent profile analysis method was used to explore the profiles of intergenerational family relationships and their influencing factors in the context of “non-co-residence” based on the five dimensions of intergenerational solidarity theory and related indicators. The study found that family intergenerational relationships can be categorised into five profiles: distant-emotional, proximity-detached, proximity-loose, distant-support, and traditional-reciprocal, which share commonalities with previous studies and have their own characteristics. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that gender, education level, annual personal income for the previous year, self-rated happiness, and self-rated health had significant effects on the latent profiles of intergenerational relationships. Specifically, adult children who are male, living in a rural area, no legal spouse, a primary school education or less, an annual income above 50,001 RMB in the last year (2016), low or average self-rated happiness, and good self-rated health are more likely to deviate from the traditional filial support track (i.e. they are less likely to be the traditional-reciprocal) than their counterparts in these profiles. In the future, it will be important to increase attention to those families in which older parent live apart from their adult child through relevant legislation, social welfare systems, and social older-care services. This will help ensure that adult children provide intergenerational support and will enable the normal functioning of home- and community-based older adults’ care.
Men resist men: streamer-consumer gender match for advertising the functional benefits of heterogeneously priced utilitarian products
Authors: Li Sirui , Liu Ying , Su Jing , Duan Litao , Fu Hui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWithin the emerging live-streaming commerce context, streamer-consumer gender match has been considered an important topic in studies on advertising hedonic products. However, it is still under-explored how streamer-consumer gender match affects the mapping from functional benefits to advertising effectiveness when advertising utilitarian products and how the mechanism is contingent on heterogeneous price signals. To somewhat address the research gaps, we develop a number of hypotheses based on the elaboration likelihood model together with the price signaling mechanism and examine the research model drawing on a 28-day panel on 685 smartphones sold on Douyin Live Shopping. The empirical results indicate that (1) functional benefit performance has a positive effect on advertising effectiveness for utilitarian products with a middle-price signal, and the effect is stronger when the products are sold by male rather than female streamers; (2) also for advertising utilitarian products with a middle-price signal, male consumers resist male streamers when streamers leverage utilitarian information to stimulate consumers’ purchase intention; and (3) functional benefit performance contributes little to advertising effectiveness for utilitarian products with a high-price or low-price signal. The evidence uncovers that gender match mainly makes a difference to appending extra hedonic cues rather than amplifying the conversion of utilitarian information in the sense of advertising utilitarian products. The findings also highlight the risk of neglecting within-category heterogeneities in the by-product-category research on live-streaming advertising.
Being an only child and children’s prosocial behaviors: evidence from rural China and the role of parenting styles
Authors: Li Yunsen , Li Yunlu , Chen Gang , Yang Jing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAre only children little emperors and more selfish than children with siblings? Drawing on data from the National Children’s Study of China, this research investigates the causal relationship between being an only child and the performance of prosocial behaviors. Results indicate that only children tend to show more prosocial tendencies than their counterparts with siblings, particularly with respect to trait-related, relational, and altruistic prosocial behaviors. In addition, the results are robust having accounted for potential biases due to endogeneity, sex selection preferences, and educational choices. Smaller children are also more sensitive to the status of being an only child. The investigation into why only children might exhibit more prosocial behavior suggests that only children perceive more positive parenting styles compared to their peers with siblings. The findings are consistent with the quantity–quality trade-off theory and present evidence about the formation of prosocial behaviors before the age of 15, challenging the stereotype that only children are more selfish than those with siblings.
Noise characterization of an ultra-stable laser for optical clocks
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Ma Zhiyu , Wei Wenzhe , Chang Jialu , Zhang Jingxuan , Wu Qiyue , Yuan Wenhao , Deng Ke , Lu Zehuang , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2024

We report on the development and performance evaluation of an ultra-stable laser for an 27Al+ optical clock. After a series of noise suppressions, especially the vibrational and temperature fluctuation noise, the 30 cm long cavity stabilized laser obtains a frequency instability of 1.3 × 10−16 @1 s. This result is predicted by noise summation and confirmed by the three-cornered hat method. The 27Al+ optical clock transition is also used to characterize the laser frequency noise, and consistent results are yielded. This is the first reported instance of using single ion optical clocks to measure the frequency noise of ultra-stable lasers, as far as we know. With the implementation of the ultra-stable clock laser, an ultra-narrow linewidth clock transition of 2.8 Hz is obtained.
ABLRI: A program for calculating the long-range interaction energy between two monomers in their non-degenerate states
Authors: Yu Yipeng , Yang Dongzheng , Hu Xixi , Xie Daiqian 
Published: May 2024

An accurate description of the long-range (LR) interaction is essential for understanding the collision between cold or ultracold molecules. However, to our best knowledge, there lacks a general approach to construct the intermolecular potential energy surface (IPES) between two arbitrary molecules and/or atoms in the LR region. In this work, we derived analytical expressions of the LR interaction energy, using the multipole expansion of the electrostatic interaction Hamiltonian and the non-degenerate perturbation theory. To make these formulae practical, we also derived the independent Cartesian components of the electrostatic properties, including the multipole moments and polarizabilities, of the monomer for a given symmetry using the properties of these components and the group-theoretical methods. Based on these newly derived formulae, we developed a FORTRAN program, namely ABLRI, which is capable of calculating the interaction energy between two arbitrary monomers both in their non-degenerate electronic ground states at large separations. To test the reliability of this newly developed program, we constructed IPESs for the electronic ground state of H2O–H2 and O2–H systems in the LR region. The interaction energy computed by our program agreed well with the ab initio calculation, which shows the validity of this program.
Global ocean surface and subsurface temperature forecast skill over subseasonal to seasonal timescales
Authors: Smith Grant A. , Spillman Claire M. 
Published: May 2024

Subseasonal to seasonal forecasts of ocean temperatures, including extreme events such as marine heatwaves, have demonstrated utility in informing operational decision-making by marine end users and managing climate risk. Verification is critical for effective communication and uptake of forecast information, together with understanding ocean temperature predictability. The forecast skill of surface and subsurface ocean temperature forecasts from the Bureau of Meteorology’s new ACCESS-S2 seasonal prediction system are assessed here over an extended 38-year hindcast period, from 2 weeks to 6 months into the future. Forecasts of sea surface temperature (SST), heat content down to 300 m (HC300), bottom temperatures on continental shelves, and mixed layer depth are compared to both satellite observations and ocean reanalyses for the globe and the Australian region, using a variety of skill metrics. ACCESS-S2 demonstrates increased SST skill over its predecessor ACCESS-S1 at subseasonal timescales for all variables assessed. Heat content skill is particularly high in the tropics but reduced in subtropical regions especially when compared to persistence. Forecast skill for ocean temperature is higher in the austral summer months than winter at lead times up to 2 months in the Western Pacific region. Mixed layer depth is poorly predicted at all lead times, with only limited areas of skill around Australia and in the south-west Pacific region. Probability of exceedance forecasts for the 90th percentile as an indicator for marine heatwave conditions, shows adequate skill for SST, HC300 and bottom temperatures, especially near shelf regions at shorter lead times. This work will underpin the future development of an operational marine heatwave forecast service, which will provide early warning of these events and thus valuable preparation windows for marine stakeholders.
Homorganic lengthening in late Old English revisited
Authors: Page B. Richard 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Minkova & Stockwell (1992) and Kruger (2020) claim that homorganic lengthening is limited to the environment before
-ld and -nd, with only high vowels lengthening before -nd. This
paper examines evidence in the Ormulum and from other sources for lengthening and finds ample
evidence of regular vowel lengthening before -ld, -nd, -mb,
-rd, and -rn. The cross-linguistic tendency of phonetic lengthening of vowels
and sonorants in sequences of vowel plus sonorant plus homorganic voiced consonant provided a phonetic motivation for
the lengthening. Already existing Old English words like frēond ‘friend’ and fēond
‘fiend’ served as a basis for a phonological reanalysis of the phonetically lengthened vowel as underlyingly long.
Meter, syntax, and the use of punctuation in the Leipzig fragment of the Hêliand
Authors: Sundquist John D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study examines the use of punctūs (or ‘pointing’) for punctuation in the most recently
discovered Leipzig fragment (MS L) of the Hêliand, focusing on the frequency and distribution of
pointing in various metrical and syntactic contexts of the poem. Data on punctuation, word order, and meter are
provided as evidence for a close stemmatic relationship between the L- and P-fragments but a more long-distant
relationship with the main Hêliand manuscript C. This evidence supports findings in Schmid (2006) that the L- and P-fragments might come from the same codex and
that the later MS C diverges from these fragments and their common Vorlage.
Vowel lowering, consonant cluster simplification, and koineization in the history of Pennsylvania
Dutch
Authors: Louden Mark L. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Scholars who have investigated the history of Pennsylvania Dutch (Pennsylvania German) have come to the
unanimous consensus that the language most closely resembles the German dialects of the Palatinate region
(Pfalz). This is not surprising, since the majority of the German-speaking immigrants to colonial
Pennsylvania came from that area. Aiming to identify the precise European origins of Pennsylvania Dutch, researchers
found that in its core structural features and lexicon, the language is not identical to any one variety of Palatine
German. Pennsylvania Dutch must therefore have been subject to mixing and leveling of input dialects and independent
development during the earliest generations. In this article I situate the history of Pennsylvania Dutch in the
literature on koineization and new dialect formation, focusing on the most striking structural differences between
Pennsylvania Dutch and Palatine German, the lowering of high and mid vowels in closed syllables before tautosyllabic
/r/ and the subsequent simplification of /r/ + C clusters through either /r/-deletion or vowel epenthesis.
Lexicalizing vernacular architecture in the Cape Dutch Vernacular
Authors: Roberge Paul T. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Afrikaans has hybrid compounds that pair Khoekhoe and Dutch roots to denote indigenous flora and cultural
items, e.g., ghwarrieboom ‘guarri tree’. Afrikaans hart(e)beeshuis ‘wattle and daub
house’ falls within this compound type, even though it looks straightforwardly Dutch hart(e)bees(t)
‘species of African antelope’ + huis ‘house’. Lexicalization of hybrid harbeeshuis
took place in the Cape Dutch Pidgin as a term for a shelter or dwelling with water-resistant roof, with a cognate of
Nama xaribe ‘wipe away (water)’ as the first term of the compound. White pastoralists adopted this
style of vernacular architecture along with the term for it, whence the creation of hart(e)beeshuis
by folk etymology.
Non-native communication in eighteenth-century maritime circles
Authors: van der Wal Marijke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, I intend to analyze, from a historical sociolinguistic perspective, the characteristics of
Dutch letters written by economic migrants in the late eighteenth century. These letters, which are part of the Leiden
Letters as Loot corpora, were confiscated by the English during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and
the American War of Independence (1776–1784). After presenting the method of finding such non-native communication,
the linguistic complexity of the letter writers’ regions of origin will be discussed. Focusing on letter writers from
the North Frisian islands and East Frisia, their command of Dutch will be determined by examining both deviating
features and two Dutch phenomena, the epistolary forms of address and the first person singular object (or oblique)
pronouns. Different levels of Dutch proficiency can be attributed to biographical details and may also lead to
hypotheses for subsequent research of letter writers of German and Scandinavian origin.
Synthesis of the European ALARA network 20th workshop ‘ALARA for interventional radiology and nuclear medicine’
Authors: Andresz Sylvain , Allisy-Roberts Penelope , Economides Sotirios , Morgan Julie , Kabrt Franz , Packer Sharan , Mulas Arturo Perez , Rogers Andy , Schieber Caroline , Stritt Nicolas , Vermeersch Fernand 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The European as low as reasonably achievable(ALARA) network regularly organises workshops on topical issues in radiation protection (RP). The topic of the 20th workshop was: ‘ALARA for interventional radiology (IR) and nuclear medicine (NM)’. The objective was to examine the challenges faced when applying the optimisation principle (ALARA) in IR and NM and to consider how ALARA could be better implemented for patient and staff exposures. This memorandum provides a synthesis of the workshop sessions, and recommendations coming from the working groups discussion. Parallels are drawn with the recommendations arising from the 13th EAN workshop on ‘ALARA and the medical sector (2011)’ to consider how the optimisation challenges in IR and NM have evolved over the past decade. Current levels of exposure are presented along with operational practice and the challenges and opportunities for improvement, both in monitoring and practice. Whilst RP challenges remain, the application of ALARA appears more established in IR compared with experiences reported in 2011. The application of ALARA to emerging technologies in the NM setting is in need of further development to ensure that RP is considered at all stages in the development process of new radiopharmaceuticals. Besides the obvious technical and operational aspects, the importance of education and training, human factors and broadly the RP ‘culture’ were deemed fundamental to the success of the application of ALARA and where further emphasis is needed. All concerned parties, medical physics experts (MPEs), radiation protection experts, clinical staff, manufacturers and regulators have a role to play in the application of ALARA and this is discussed in the memorandum. Many of the recommendations from the 13th EAN workshop remain applicable today and overlap with the recommendations arising from the 20th workshop. This should prompt attention given that the use of IR and the development of novel radiopharmaceuticals for NM is only anticipated to increase with time.
Tool wear monitoring based on scSE-ResNet-50-TSCNN model integrating machine vision and force signals
Authors: Nie Peng , Guo Yongxi , Lou Bixuan , Yang Chengyue , Cao Lei , Pan Wujiu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In the realm of mechanical machining, tool wear is an unavoidable phenomenon. Monitoring the condition of tool wear is crucial for enhancing machining quality and advancing automation in the manufacturing process. This paper investigates an innovative approach to tool wear monitoring that integrates machine vision with force signal analysis. It relies on a deep residual two-stream convolutional model optimized with the scSE (concurrent spatial and channel squeeze and excitation) attention mechanism (scSE-ResNet-50-TSCNN). The force signals are converted into the corresponding wavelet scale images following wavelet threshold denoising and continuous wavelet transform. Concurrently, the images undergo processing using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization and the structural similarity index method, allowing for the selection of the most suitable image inputs. The processed data are subsequently input into the developed scSE-ResNet-50-TSCNN model for precise identification of the tool wear state. To validate the model, the paper employed X850 carbon fibre reinforced polymer and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy as laminated experimental materials, conducting a series of tool wear tests while collecting pertinent machining data. The experimental results underscore the model’s effectiveness, achieving an impressive recognition accuracy of 93.86%. When compared with alternative models, the proposed approach surpasses them in performance on the identical dataset, showcasing its efficient monitoring capabilities in contrast to single-stream networks or unoptimized networks. Consequently, it excels in monitoring tool wear status and promots crucial technical support for enhancing machining quality control and advancing the field of intelligent manufacturing.
Development of multi-sensors fusion monitoring system for shaft wall deformation
Authors: Zhu Xiaojun , Chen Yaxin , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Hui , Yang Gen , Li Junxiu , Qiu Mingjian 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Ensuring shaft safety is crucial for underground coal mining. The prevailing method for monitoring shaft deformation involves manual measurements conducted regularly, necessitating numerous surveyors to descend into the shaft. This approach is laborious and time-consuming, and its reliance on human intervention significantly affects accuracy. An emerging alternative employs an enhanced laser slam scanner comprising laser ranging and inertial navigation angle measurement modules. The accuracy of the inertial navigation angle often requires refinement through laser point cloud registration to mitigate errors. However, existing research has not explored the utilization of a single inertial navigation sensor within a shaft, which potentially influences measurement outcomes. To investigate the impact of inertial navigation angle measurement errors from lidar scanners on shaft interior measurements and propose corresponding error reduction methods, this study developed a multisensor fusion system for monitoring shaft wall deformations. Three experiments were conducted to assess the accuracy of this monitoring system: a laboratory experiment, a simulated experiment, and a real shaft experiment. The results demonstrated that the maximum mean absolute errors (MAEs) in the laboratory and simulated shaft experiments were 0.06 cm and 0.30 cm, respectively, validating the reliability of the point cloud processing algorithm. In the real shaft experiment, the maximum MAE was 0.48 cm, confirming the measurement accuracy of the monitoring system. Compared to manual measurements, the system reduced the measurement time by 48% and streamlined the process from 12 to 3 steps. These findings highlight the monitoring system’s centimeter-level accuracy, efficiency in reducing measurement time, simplification of the measurement process, and elimination of the need for human entry into the shaft.