bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infant Feeding Methods and Maternal Sleep and Daytime Functioning
Authors: Montgomery-Downs Hawley E. , Clawges Heather M. , Santy Eleanor E. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:
Our purpose was to explore maternal actigraphically measured sleep, subjective sleep reports, and daytime functioning on the basis of current feeding method status during postpartum weeks 2 through 12.

METHODS:
Objectively measured total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and fragmentation, subjectively reported numbers of nocturnal awakenings, total nocturnal wake time, and sleep quality, and sleepiness/fatigue measured by using the fatigue visual analog scale, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, or the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were assessed.

RESULTS:
We did not find differences between women who were exclusively breastfeeding, exclusively formula feeding, or using a combination of the 2 methods, with respect to the assessed parameters.

CONCLUSIONS:
Efforts to encourage women to breastfeed should include information about sleep. Specifically, women should be told that choosing to formula feed does not equate with improved sleep. The risks of not breastfeeding should be weighed against the cumulative lack of evidence indicating any benefit of formula feeding on maternal sleep.
Learning and Attention Problems Among Children With Pediatric Primary Hypertension
Authors: Adams Heather R. , Szilagyi Peter G. , Gebhardt Laura , Lande Marc B. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVE:
The objective was to determine whether children with sustained primary hypertension are at increased risk for learning disabilities (LDs), as a school-related manifestation of neurocognitive problems.

METHODS:
A total of 201 children 10 to 18 years of age who were referred because of elevated blood pressure (BP) were included. Patients were categorized as having or not having hypertension, on the basis of BP evaluation at the initial hypertension clinic visit and subsequent confirmation of sustained elevated BP outside the clinic setting. Parents reported whether their child had a provider-confirmed LD or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

RESULTS:
A total of 101 children without hypertension and 100 children with hypertension were evaluated; 18% of the children (n = 37) had LDs. In comparison with children without hypertension, children with hypertension were significantly more likely to have LDs (18% vs 9%; P &lt; .001), irrespective of comorbid ADHD. With adjustment for demographic variables and obesity, the odds of having LDs were elevated for subjects with hypertension, in comparison with subjects without hypertension (odds ratio: 4.1 [95% confidence interval: 1.8–9.4]).

CONCLUSIONS:
The rate of LDs, with or without ADHD treatment, was significantly higher for children with sustained primary hypertension, compared with children without hypertension. These findings add to the growing evidence for an association between primary hypertension and cognitive function and may inform treatment and monitoring decisions for these children who may be at risk for learning problems.
Vertebral arteries: A target for FDGPET imaging in giant cell arteritis?
Authors: Weinerth J. , Hrdina C. , Pfadenhauer K. 
Published: November 2010

Summary
Aim: To demonstrate the capacity of FDG-PET to show active giant cell arteritis (GCA) of the extracerebral vertebral artery (VA) and to compare it with clinical, ultrasonographic (US) and biopsy findings. Patients, methods: Observational study of 46 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of active GCA and abnormal high FDG uptake in the aorta and other large arteries suggestive for GCA. Results: 15 of the 46 GCA patients had abnormal high FDG uptake within the extending from the V0 to V3 segment in 13 and confined to single segments in 2 patients. In 2 patients high FDG uptake in one VA was the onIy PET abnormality. In 13 patients high FDG uptake was also found in other large arteries (carotid n = 10, subclavian/axillary artery n = 12, thoracic aorta n = 12). Abnormal PET was detectable in 5 patients despite glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. Nuchal and occipital pain and ischemic stroke or TIA in the posterior circulation (n = 3) were found in 10 patients with high VA FDG uptake. US detected halos of the V0–2 segments in 8/46 patients (5/15 VA PET positive and 3/31 VA PET negative patients). Biopsies were available in 10/15 VA PET positive patients with evidence of active GCA in 7 cases. Conclusion: In patients with severe GCA and a high TVS the extracranial VA are a good target for PET imaging in active GCA with abnormal findings in 33% of patients with a positive PET. VA abnormalities can be an early and isolated finding in active GCA. PET is superior to US for the detection of active VA-GCA. A strong correlation between VA abnormalities and associated clinical abnormalities existed in 2/3 of patients. PET abnormalities of the VA could be detected in some cases after GC treatment has been started even at high doses.
Core-Temperature Sensor Ingestion Timing and Measurement Variability
Authors: Domitrovich Joseph W. , Cuddy John S. , Ruby Brent C. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Context:
Telemetric core-temperature monitoring is becoming more widely used as a noninvasive means of monitoring core temperature during athletic events.

Objective:
To determine the effects of sensor ingestion timing on serial measures of core temperature during continuous exercise.

Design:
Crossover study.

Setting:
Outdoor dirt track at an average ambient temperature of 4.4°C ± 4.1°C and relative humidity of 74.1% ± 11.0%.

Patients or Other Participants:
Seven healthy, active participants (3 men, 4 women; age  =  27.0 ± 7.5 years, height  =  172.9 ± 6.8 cm, body mass  =  67.5 ± 6.1 kg, percentage body fat  =  12.7% ± 6.9%, peak oxygen uptake [V˙o2peak]  =  54.4 ± 6.9 mL•kg−1•min−1) completed the study.

Intervention(s):
Participants completed a 45-minute exercise trial at approximately 70% V˙o2peak. They consumed core-temperature sensors at 24 hours (P1) and 40 minutes (P2) before exercise.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Core temperature was recorded continuously (1-minute intervals) using a wireless data logger worn by the participants. All data were analyzed using a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (trial × time), Pearson product moment correlation, and Bland-Altman plot.

Results:
Fifteen comparisons were made between P1 and P2. The main effect of time indicated an increase in core temperature compared with the initial temperature. However, we did not find a main effect for trial or a trial × time interaction, indicating no differences in core temperature between the sensors (P1  =  38.3°C ± 0.2°C, P2  =  38.3°C ± 0.4°C).

Conclusions:
We found no differences in the temperature recordings between the 2 sensors. These results suggest that assumed sensor location (upper or lower gastrointestinal tract) does not appreciably alter the transmission of reliable and repeatable measures of core temperature during continuous running in the cold.
Autoimmune Dysfunction and Subsequent Renal Insufficiency in a Collegiate Female Athlete: A Case Report
Authors: Leone James E. , Kern Amie , Williamson Joshua D. , Colandreo Robert M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:To present the case of a female collegiate basketball player who was diagnosed with Wegener granulomatosis of the eyes and immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy.Background:A 19-year-old female collegiate basketball player presented to a rheumatologist, urologist, and nephrologist with severe eye pain and was diagnosed with Wegener granulomatosis and IgA nephropathy. At age 20, during routine follow-up testing, urine protein levels were found to be 3 times normal values (0–8 mg/dL), prompting the need for a kidney biopsy, which showed IgA nephropathy, another autoimmune disorder.Differential Diagnosis:Sinus infection, scleritis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, lupus erythematosus, general granulomatosis.Treatment:Initial assessment revealed signs and symptoms, particularly in the patient's eyes, consistent with a sinus infection and scleritis. Her corneas were examined by a specialist, who prescribed various medications, including prednisone, for the relief of symptoms. When the dosage of prednisone was reduced, symptoms returned. Further tests revealed the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, a protein associated with Wegener granulomatosis, which helped confirm the diagnosis. The following year, a routine urinalysis showed abnormal levels of protein in her urine. A kidney biopsy revealed that IgA nephropathy also was present. At the time of this case report, the athlete continues to be monitored by an ophthalmologist who specializes in Wegener granulomatosis, a rheumatologist, and a nephrologist.Uniqueness:This athlete presented with 2 rare autoimmune disorders at an early stage of life. The medications used to treat the disorders left the athlete fatigued on a daily basis. Additionally, she was placed on 3 immunosuppressant drugs, which increased her risk for further health complications, yet she was able to successfully compete in athletics at the collegiate level. No family history of renal disease or other autoimmune disorders was discovered, further adding to the complexity and uniqueness of this case.Conclusions:Autoimmune disorders, such as Wegener granulomatosis, can present with a variety of common signs and symptoms. As athletic trainers, we encounter a host of unusual signs and symptoms; however, in cases such as this, further investigation into the cause of the chief complaints can go a long way toward restoring or managing an athlete's health. Excellent communication among the sports medicine team helped this athlete manage her potentially life-threatening condition while allowing her to remain active in her sport.
Time Resolved Fluorescence in Doped Aerogels and Organosilicate Glasses
Authors: Hof M. , Schleicher J. , Schneider F. W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe fluorescence decays of anthracene, 9,10‐dichloroanthracene and 6‐(methoxy)‐1‐(3‐sulfopropyl)‐quinolinium in sintered aerogels and of anthracene in organosilicate glasses were determined employing a precise single photon counting technique. For aerogels and organosilicate glasses, synthesized from methyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane a biexponential decay was found. The dependence of the fluorescence behaviour on the cross linkage of the network and the adsorbed solvent indicates that the short decay is due to an efficient quenching by the network, whereas the slow component is influenced by adsorbed solvent. For aerogels the effect of aging was also investigated. For organosilicate glasses with a reactive organic sidegroup (γ‐glycidyloxypropyl) the short decay is interpreted by a decay law containing a broad distribution of life times (Kohlrausch‐Williams‐Watts). In this case the measurement of the fluorescence decay shows evidence of a heterogeneous microstructure which contains inorganic and organic network components.
A novel spectrofluorimetric method for the assay of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations via derivatization with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan
Authors: El‐Didamony Akram M. , Gouda Ayman A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTA new highly sensitive and specific spectrofluorimetric method has been developed to determine a sympathomimetic drug pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. The present method was based on derivatization with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan in phosphate buffer at pH 7.8 to produce a highly fluorescent product which was measured at 532 nm (excitation at 475 nm). Under the optimized conditions a linear relationship and good correlation was found between the fluorescence intensity and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride concentration in the range of 0.5–5 µg mL−1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the assay of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in commercial pharmaceutical formulations with good accuracy and precision and without interferences from common additives. Statistical comparison of the results with a well‐established method showed excellent agreement and proved that there was no significant difference in the accuracy and precision. The stoichiometry of the reaction was determined and the reaction pathway was postulated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct flow simulations of thixotropic liquids in agitated tanks
Authors: Derksen J. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSimulations of transitional and turbulent flows of purely viscous thixotropic liquids in stirred tanks have been performed. The simple thixotropy model employed is based on the notion of a network in the liquid with an integrity that builds up with finite rate under quiescent conditions and breaks down under liquid deformation. We solve a transport equation for the network integrity which is two‐way coupled to the lattice‐Boltzmann‐based flow solver. The liquid's time scale characterised by the dimensionless Deborah number demonstrates to have profound impact on the level of mobilisation and the flow patterns in the mixing tanks, especially if the time scale of the liquid is of the same order as the circulation time in the tank. It also is shown to what extent increasing the impeller speed improves mobilisation.
Renal Potassium Transport
Authors: Stanton Bruce A. , Giebisch Gerhard H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:External and Internal Potassium BalanceInternal Potassium BalanceExternal Potassium BalanceGeneral Features of Renal Potassium ExcretionCellular Mechanisms of Potassium Transport Along the NephronGlomerulusProximal TubuleLoop of HenlePotassium RecyclingDistal TubuleDistal Convoluted TubuleConnecting TubuleInitial Collecting Tubule and Cortical Collecting DuctMedullary Collecting DuctInner Medullary Collecting DuctAmphibian Distal NephronRegulation of Potassium TransportPotassium Intake and Plasma Potassium ConcentrationPotassium AdaptationAdrenal SteroidsRegulation of Potassium Excretion by Interactive StimuliRelationship between Plasma Potassium Concentration, Plasma Aldosterone, and Renal Potassium ExcretionEffects of Sodium Intake on Potassium BalanceRegulation of Potassium and Sodium Excretion during Alterations in Extracellular Fluid VolumeRegulation of Potassium and Sodium Excretion during Alterations in Potassium Intake
Urinary Concentration and Dilution: Physiology
Authors: Jamison Rex L. , Gehrig James J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Control of Water BalanceGeneral PrinciplesRegulation of Water Intake: ThirstRegulation of Water Excretion: Antidiuretic HormoneHormones Other Than Arginine Vasopressin That Affect Urinary Water ExcretionProstaglandinsArchitecture of the MedullaNephrons and Collecting DuctsCirculationTopography of the Renal MedullaMass Balance and the Countercurrent PrincipleOsmotic Gradient in the MedullaMass Balance for Water and SoluteCountercurrent MultiplicationPermeability and Transport Properties of the Renal Tubule Beyond the Pars RectaThin Descending LimbThin Ascending LimbThick Ascending LimbDistal Tubule and Connecting TubuleCollecting TubuleIntracellular OsmoregulationMicrocirculation of the Renal MedullaCountercurrent ExchangeFluid Removal from the MedullaMedullary Blood FlowRegulation of Medullary CirculationSummary of Role of Vasa RectaRenal PelvisStructureMechanical Function: Peristalsis and RefluxWater and Solute Exchange in the Renal Pelvis
Urinary Concentration and Dilution: Models
Authors: Stephenson John L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Whole‐Body Water and Solute BalanceOsmolal ClearanceEffect on Plasma Osmolality of Urine Flow of a Given OsmolalityHypertonic Urine Implies a Hypotonic Tubular Reabsorbate and Vice VersaFree Water ClearanceAntidiuretic Hormone Controls Water ExcretionFunctional Implications of Renal ArchitectureProduction of Hyperosmotic Urine Is Related to the Loop of HenleSignificance of the S‐Shaped Configuration of the Mammalian Nephron for the Concentration of UrineNew Functional Features Introduced by the S‐Shaped ConfigurationA Short History of Models of the Renal Counterflow SystemActive Water TransportConcentration by Differential Permeabilities and CounterflowConcentration by Multiplication of a “Single Effect” along the Loop of HenleActive Salt Transport out of theAHLIs the Probable Single EffectExperimental Predictions of the Kuhn ModelsProblems with the Kuhn ModelsVasa Recta ModelsNephrovascular ModelsEquations for the Renal MedullaDifferential EquationsIntegrated Mass Balance EquationsGeneralized Multiplication RuleNephrovascular CouplingTransmural FluxesAnalytical Solution of the Differential EquationsSolutions for Single Flow TubesAnalytical Solutions of Multitube Counterflow ProblemsSolutions for Central Core ModelExternally Driven Central Core MultiplierMultiplication in Inner and Outer MedullaeNon‐Zero Diffusion CoefficientSolution of Time‐Dependent EquationsNumerical Solution of the Differential EquationsMethod of LinesShooting MethodQuasilinearizationFinite Difference MethodsResults of Computer SimulationOrigin of Inner Medullary Concentration GradientRole of Collecting DuctRole of Vasa RectaTransition from Diuresis to AntidiuresisFree‐Energy Balance in Renal Counterflow SystemsSummary and Future Directions
Corticosteroids and the Kidney
Authors: Marver Diana 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Historical BackgroundRole of the ReceptorTransport and Biochemical Studies: Toad BladderTransport and Biochemical Studies: Mammalian KidneyRenal Corticosteroid Receptor DistributionMineralocorticoid ActionRegulation of Na+Absorption and K+Secretion: Cortical Collecting TubuleOther Target Sites That May Regulate Na+and/or K+Acid ExcretionMineralocorticoid EscapeGlucocorticoid ActionGFR/RBF: K+ExcretionMetabolism: Gluconeogenesis and AmmoniagenesisAcid ExcretionCalcium ExcretionConcentration/Dilurion Urine
Renal Tubular Transport of Calcium
Authors: Costanzo Linda S. , Windhager Erich E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Calcium Handling in the NephronGlomerular FiltrationProximal TubuleThick Ascending Limb of Henle's LoopDistal TubuleRegulation of Renal Tubular Calcium TransportExtracellular Fluid VolumeHypercalcemiaPhosphate DepletionAcid‐Base BalanceParathyroid HormoneCalcitoninVitamin DCarbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsLoop DiureticsThiazide DiureticsPotassium‐Sparing Diuretics (Amiloride)Cellular Mechanisms of Transepithelial Calcium TransportMeasurement of Cytosolic Calcium Ion Concentration: MethodologyCytosolic Calcium Ion Concentrations in Renal Epithelial CellsRegulation of Cytosolic Ca2+ActivityMechanisms of Transmembrane Calcium TransferEffects of Calcium on Renal Epithelial TransportEffects of Changes in Cytosolic Calcium on Renal Sodium TransportRole of Cytosolic Calcium in the Hydrosmotic Response to VasopressinSummary
Kidney and Bone: Physiological and Pathophysiological Relationships
Authors: Brown Edward M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Chemical and Cellular Composition of BoneExtracellular Constituents of BoneBone CellsDevelopment and Structure of BoneEndochondral OssificationIntramembranous OssificationSkeletal Growth and ModelingPrinciples of Skeletal GrowthSkeletal ModelingEpiphyseal ClosureBone Cell Function and Skeletal Growth and ModelingBone Turnover and the Remodeling CycleSkeletal RemodelingCellular Control of Bone RemodelingFracture HealingBone Cell Function and Fracture RepairInterrelationships of Kidney and Bone in Normal PhysiologyGeneral ConsiderationsOverall Calcium BalanceHormonal Control of Mineral Ion HomeostasisRole of the Parathyroid Glands in the Calcium Homeostatic SystemBone Cell Function and Ionic HomeostasisAspects of Renal Function Essential for Normal Skeletal Structure and Function and Ionic HomeostasisMetabolic Bone DiseaseOsteitis FibrosaOsteomalaciaOsteoporosisLaboratory Evaluation of Metabolic Bone DiseaseDirect Assays of Calcium‐Regulating Hormones in BloodClinical Assessment of the Function of Target Organs for Calcium‐Regulating HormonesAbnormalities in Renal Function Leading to Skeletal DiseaseAbnormalities in Renal Calcium HandlingAbnormalities in Renal Phosphate HandlingHypo‐ and Hypermagnesemia Due to Renal CausesRenal Tubular AcidosisPrimary Abnormalities in Vitamin D MetabolismRenal Resistance toPTH: PseudohypoparathyroidismChronic Renal InsufficiencyPathophysiology of Renal OsteodystrophyDisorders Affecting the Homeostatic Mechanisms Linking Kidney and BonePrimary HyperparathyroidismHumoral Hypercalcemia of MalignancyHypoparathyroidismDeficient Quantities and Action of Vitamin DHypervitaminosis DSarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous DiseasesOther Hormonal Abnormalities and Drugs Affecting Both Bone and KidneyCalcitoninGrowth HormoneEstrogenGlucocorticoidsInsulinThyroid HormonesMiscellaneous Associations Between Bone and KidneyDisorders Affecting Both Kidney and BonePharmacological Agents Affecting Both Kidney and BoneEffects of Bone Disease on the Kidney
Mendelian Phenotypes as “Probes” of Renal Transport Systems for Amino Acids and Phosphate
Authors: Scriver Charles R. , Tenenhouse Harriet S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Genetic ConsiderationsChemical PhenotypesPolypeptide PhenotypesGenotypesHomeostasis: The Concept of HeritabilityPhysiological Considerations of Renal TransportRadial SpecificityAxial SpecificityChemical SpecificityMendelian PhenotypesDisorders of Cationic Amino Acid TransportDisorders of Neutral Amino Acid TransportDisorders of Anionic (Acidic) Amino Acid TransportDisorders of Phosphate TransportFanconi Syndrome and Allied DisordersResumé of Findings in Mendelian Renal Transport Phenotypes and Their ImplicationsTaxonomyHeterogeneity of CarriersHomeostasisCell Biology and Molecular Genetics
Clearance Mechanisms in the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Kilburn Kaye H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Conducting AirwaysCiliated CellsGoblet Cells and MucusSerous Cells and WaterTransport and Clearance DynamicsFluid Absorption and Mucociliary ClearanceOther Physical MechanismsLeukocyte Recruitment and Endocytosis in Conducting AirwaysAlveolar Ducts and AlveoliPhysical RemovalSolubility and PermeabilityDigestionRetentionImplications for Environmental DiseasesPulmonarySystemic Disorders
Permeability of the Skin
Authors: Scheuplein Robert J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:Manifestations of Skin PermeabilityStructure of the SkinRelevant Structural Features of the Whole SkinThe Stratum CorneumRegional Variations in StructureHuman Versus Other Mammalian SkinBiophysics of Skin PermeabilityMathematical Analysis of Skin PermeabilitySteady‐State Permeability of Skin—Fick's LawAppendageal DiffusionConcentration Levels in the SkinRegional Variations in PermeabilityEffect of Solvents and SurfactantsWaterAprotic SolventsSurfactantsOrganic Solvents
Gastroenterologic Response to Environmental Agents — Absorption and Interactions
Authors: Pfeiffer Carl J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe sections in this article are:General Principles of Interaction Between Environmental Agents and the Gut MucosaMorphological ConsiderationsGeneral and Selected Physicochemical PrinciplesEnteric Absorption and Mucosal Effects of Trace ElementsLeadNickel and TinMercury‐Containing CompoundsZinc and CadmiumCopper and MolybdenumSeleniumFluorine and Other HalogensMiscellaneous Trace ElementsMucosal Effects of Chemicals and CorrosivesGastrointestinal Absorption of PesticidesAbsorption and Enteric Surface Effects of Miscellaneous Industrial AgentsPolychlorinated Biphenyls and TriphenylsPolyglycerol EstersOrganic Sulfonates and Other Surface‐Active AgentsDimethylsulfoxidePolyvinylchloride Stabilizers and PlasticizersAbsorption and Enteric Surface Effects of Natural Environmental ContaminantsTannic AcidMiscellaneous Natural CompoundsIngestion of Carcinogenic Agents