bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational Values of Latino Families Participating in a School Readiness Intervention: Hopes and Implications for Pediatrics
Authors: Peterson Jaime W. , Robles Alejandro , Underwood Carrasco Veronica Ilene , Zavala Julia , Almanzar Nicole , Zuckerman Katharine E. , Bruce Janine 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To explore Latino parents' educational values and hopes for their preschool-aged children after a clinic school readiness (SR) intervention.

Methods:
Qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews of Latino parents regarding their perceptions of a novel SR coaching intervention (2016–2017). Parents who received the intervention were approached for interview (n = 74); 59 postintervention interviews were completed in English or Spanish, audio recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Iterative team-based coding and inductive thematic analysis of 47 interviews were conducted by 3 team members using Dedoose.

Results:
Children were on average 4.5 years old, with the majority speaking Spanish at home (57%), and having preschool experience (81%). Mothers mostly had no paid employment (53%) and limited formal education. Four domains emerged: 1) education is valued and seen as a pathway to a successful life for children, and 2) while structural and cultural barriers exist, 3) Latino families are motivated and 4) trust providers to offer SR support. Parents suggested pediatricians could provide more SR knowledge to families and offer programs within primary care. Integration of findings are summarized in a framework for clinical practice.

Conclusion:
Latino parents' trust in their pediatric providers, combined with their strong educational aspirations for their children, offers the pediatric clinic an opportunity to partner with families to reduce systemic SR barriers. Pediatric providers can support Latino parents in preparing their children for school through culturally responsive, strengths-based approaches that build on their educational aspirations, value existing SR efforts, offer SR knowledge around early literacy and math, and build connections to early childhood programs.
Trends in Pediatric Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Diagnoses and Prescription Utilization: 2016 to 2019
Authors: Kazarov Christina , Peasah Samuel K. , McConnell Erin , Fischer Kavita K. , Good Chester B. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children, with estimated prevalence of 7% to 15% worldwide. The aim of this analysis was to update and summarize trends in diagnosis, demographics, and drug utilization of pediatric patients with ADHD.

Methods:
We used the Agency for Health care Research and Quality Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a survey of US individuals, families, their medical providers, and employers, using datasets from 2016 to 2019. The data sources from the MEPS database included the full-year consolidated files, medical conditions files, prescribed-medicines files, and condition-event link files for each year. We summarized trends in the proportion of children, ages 17 years and younger, with a diagnosis of ADHD, demographic information and a prescription for medication known to treat ADHD. In addition, we further stratified ADHD medication use by stimulant/nonstimulant categories.

Results:
There was a 1.6% and 4.7% absolute increase in children with an ADHD diagnosis and those prescribed ADHD medications, respectively, from 2016 to 2019. Most of these children were male, non-Hispanic, and on public insurance. Of the children prescribed an ADHD medication and concomitant behavioral medications, stimulants-only use was the highest (60%–67%), followed by stimulants/nonstimulants (13%–15%), stimulant/antidepressants (6%–9%), and nonstimulants only (5%–9%). The proportion of patients with ADHD in the high-income and near-poor categories increased by 4% from 2016 to 2019.

Conclusion:
Diagnosis of ADHD among children is trending upward in the United States. Central nervous system stimulants, especially methylphenidate formulations, are the most prescribed ADHD medications for children 17 years and younger.
Pregnancy outcomes as related to in utero exposure to air pollution and greenness: The Life-GAP Project
Authors: Sinsamala Robin M. , Johannessen Ane , Bertelsen Randi J. , Accordini Simone , Brandt Jørgen , Frohn Lise M. , Geels Camilla , Gislason Thorarinn , Holm Mathias , Janson Christer , Markevych Iana , Orru Hans , Real Francisco Gómez , Sigsgaard Torben , Skulstad Svein M. , Svanes Cecilie , Marcon Alessandro 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Lower birth weight and preterm birth may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes later in life. We examined whether maternal exposure to air pollution and greenness during pregnancy is associated with offspring birth weight and preterm birth.

Methods:
We analyzed data on 4286 singleton births from 2358 mothers from Respiratory Health in Northern Europe, a prospective questionnaire-based cohort study (1990–2010). Mixed-effects regression models with random intercepts for mothers and centers were used to estimate the association of exposures to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), black carbon (BC), and greenness (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index in 300m-buffers [NDVI300m]) with birth outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results:
Median (interquartile range [IQR]) exposures to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3, BC, and NDVI300m during pregnancy were 8.4(5.0) µg/m3, 14.4(8.3) µg/m3, 14.0(11.0) µg/m3, 54.7(10.2) µg/m3, 0.47(0.41) µg/m3, and 0.31(0.20), respectively. IQR increases in air pollution exposures during pregnancy were associated with decreased birth weight and the strongest association was seen for PM2.5 (−49g; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −83, −16). However, O3 showed an opposite association. IQR increase in NDVI300m was associated with an increase in birth weight of 25 g (95% CI = 7, 44). Preterm birth was not associated with the exposures.

Conclusion:
Increased greenness and decreased air pollution may contribute to healthier pregnancies and improve overall health in the next generation. This emphasizes the need to adopt policies that target the reduction of air pollution emissions and exposure of the population.
The SAEORA Flap for Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction: A Novel Flap Design without the Use of Acellular Dermal Matrices
Authors: Sachal Sukhmeet S. , Golin Andrew P. , Gordon Travis , Williamson J. Scott 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The gold standard for implant-based breast reconstruction uses acellular dermal matrices (ADMs). They provide improved inferolateral pole coverage, reduced capsular contracture rates, and increased primary expander fill volumes. However, ADMs are costly and have been associated with increased rates of postoperative infection, seroma, hematoma, implant malposition, and mastectomy flap necrosis (MFN). This study describes a novel autologous flap without the need of ADM, the serratus anterior external oblique rectus abdominis (SAEORA) flap, as an alternative in prosthetic-based breast reconstruction.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on all patients who underwent SAEORA flap breast reconstruction by a single surgeon between January 1, 2013 and May 31, 2020 at a single institution. Patient demographics, diagnosis, treatment, tissue expander (TE) volume, implant size, complications, and results were assessed.

Results:
Forty-seven patients underwent 78 SAEORA flaps. Sixty-two had TEs placed, and 14 were direct-to-implant. Mean body mass index was 23.1 kg per m². Median primary TE fill volume was 150 mL, and final implant volume average was 450 mL. Mean follow-up was 14.5 months. Complications included infection/cellulitis (7.9%), seroma (6.6%), hematoma (5.2%), and MFN (7.9%).

Conclusions:
The SAEORA flap is a novel autologous flap and is a viable option for prosthetic-based breast reconstruction, with an acceptable complication profile relative to ADM-based reconstructions. Additionally, SAEORA is MFN-resistant and has been used effectively in salvage of exposed implants or ADM, and in double-bubble deformity correction.
Left main revascularization guidelines: navigating the data
Authors: Vallée Aurelien , Rahmouni Kenza , Ponnambalam Menaka , Issa Hugo , Ruel Marc 
Published: June 2024

Purpose of review
This article explores recent developments in left main revascularization, with a focus on appraising the latest American and European guidelines.

Recent findings
Recent pooled data analysis from four major randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for left main coronary artery stenosis indicate an advantage for CABG over PCI in regard to freedom from major adverse cardiovascular events, despite no significant difference in mortality observed at 5 years. Additional data support the use of CABG for patients with left ventricular dysfunction, complex left main lesions, diffuse coronary disease, and diabetes.

Summary
The data underpinning the guidelines on each revascularization modality (PCI versus CABG) must consider factors such as lesion complexity, diabetes, and left ventricular dysfunction. Additionally, the findings of the four major RCTs upon which the guidelines are based must be ascertained in light of the latest advancements in these revascularization techniques.
Modulation of monocyte activity by hepatocellular MicroRNA delivery through HBsAg particles: Implications for pathobiology of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Li Jin , Ma Xiao , Xuan Qinkao , Li Qiang , Wu Min , Shi Bisheng , Fang Zhong , Chen Liang , Chen Jieliang , Wen Yumei , Zhu Chuanwu , Zhu Li , Zhang Xiaonan , Yuan Zhenghong 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims:
HBsAg serves as an important immune-modulatory factor in chronic hepatitis B. One aspect of such modulation may act through monocytes, which are the major Ag-presenting cells taking up HBsAg. There is evidence for the encapsulation of hepatocellular microRNAs (miRNAs) by HBsAg particles, while its pathobiological significance is unclear. Here, we characterized the miRNA profile in patients with chronic hepatitis B and probed their association with liver inflammation.

Approaches and Results:
We collected plasma from patients that are treatment-naive with chronic hepatitis B (n = 110) and quantified total/HBsAg-enveloped miRNAs by qRT-PCR and plasma cytokines by ELISA. The biological effects of HBsAg-delivered miRNAs in monocytes were evaluated using multiple approaches. The clinical significance of candidate miRNAs and cytokines was corroborated in patients with HBV-associated advanced liver diseases. The plasma miRNA profile showed 2 major clusters, one significantly associated with HBsAg titer and the other correlated with liver inflammation. Among HBsAg-carried miRNAs, miR-939 displayed the most significant correlation with IL-8. Mechanistically, miR-939 in subviral particles enters monocytes and significantly augments IL-8 production through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 signaling pathway. Finally, the findings that miR-939 positively correlated with IL-8 level and inflammation/fibrosis stage in the cohort of HBV-associated advanced liver diseases support its causative role in the progression of liver diseases.

Conclusions:
HBsAg particles carry hepatocellular miRNAs, including miR-939, which enter monocytes and alter their functional status, such as IL-8 secretion. Our findings demonstrate that the HBsAg-miR-939-IL-8 axis may play a crucial role in HBV-induced hepatic necro-inflammation and the progression of advanced liver diseases.
Bisphosphonate Liposomes for Cobalt and Strontium Decorporation?
Authors: Landon Géraldine , Phan Guillaume , Fay François , Suhard David , Broggio David , Bô Raphaël , Bouvier-Capely Céline , Fattal Elias 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
During a nuclear/radiological incident or an accident involving internal intakes with radioactive cobalt or strontium, the recommended treatments, consisting of the administration of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid for 60Co and calcium gluconate for 90Sr, are of low specificity, and their effectiveness can be enhanced. In this manuscript, a liposomal formulation was developed to deliver potential chelating agents to the main retention organs of both radionuclides. A bisphosphonate, etidronate, has been selected as a possible candidate due to its satisfying decorporation activity for uranium, bone tropism, and potential affinity with cobalt. Pre-clinical studies have been carried out on rats using radionuclide contamination and treatment administration by the intravenous route. The effectiveness of free or liposomal etidronate was evaluated, with an administration at 30 min, 48 h post-contamination with 60Co. Regarding 85Sr, a more extended experiment with etidronate liposomes was performed over 6 d. The results were compared to those performed with reference treatments, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid for cobalt and calcium gluconate for strontium. Unexpected results were found for the reference treatments that were significantly less effective than previously reported or showed no effectiveness. Free etidronate revealed no significant efficacy after 48 h, but the liposomal form suggested an interaction with radionuclides, not sufficient to change the biokinetics. This study emphasizes the need for early treatment administration and further research to provide a more effective medical countermeasure.
An Estimation of the Monetary Value of the Person-Sievert Useful for Occupational Radiological Protection within the Healthcare System of Sweden
Authors: Engström Andreas , Isaksson Mats , Javid Reza , Larsson Per-Anders , Lundh Charlotta , Båth Magnus 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle includes taking into account economic and societal factors. To consider these factors, decision-aiding techniques such as cost-benefit analysis were introduced by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 50 y ago. Over the years, developments in health economics have led to new ways of deriving the concept of a value of a statistical life (VSL), which now is influencing the monetary value assigned to a unit of collective dose for radiological protection purposes (the α value) used in cost-benefit analyses. The aim of the present study was to estimate an α value useful for occupational radiological protection within the healthcare system of Sweden. A survey based on the stated preference approach was developed and sent to staff who are exposed to ionizing radiation at their work in Region Västra Götaland (Sweden). The survey essentially contained two scenarios: the respondents’ willingness to pay for measures against radon exposure at home and their willingness to accept compensation for x-ray exposure at work. Answers from 718 respondents were collected. In the sensitivity analysis of the survey, the overall median VSL based on the two scenarios was calculated to be $50 million (IQR $10 to 363 million). The corresponding α value was established to $1,600 person-mSv−1 ($2,100 person-mSv−1 if excess burden of taxes is excluded). The recommended α value is in the high end compared to other studies but within the interval of values being used by nuclear utilities today. The α value should be seen in the light of ICRP’s recommendation about stakeholder involvement as an important part of the optimization process.
COMPARISON OF CHOROIDAL VASCULATURE BETWEEN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY WITH AND WITHOUT THICK CHOROID USING SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Zeng Qiaozhu , Yao Yuou , Tu Shu , Zhao Mingwei 
Published: June 2024

Purpose:
To distinguish between central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with and without thick choroid and to elucidate their characteristics of choroidal vasculature.

Methods:
This prospective observational study enrolled 76 eyes with treatment-naive CSC and 76 normal eyes. Mean + 2 times SD of subfoveal choroidal thickness of healthy individuals was set as the upper limit of normal choroidal thickness to divide patients with CSC into two groups: the thick-choroid and non–thick-choroid groups. Their choroid blood flow was compared using widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography.

Results:
According to the discrimination value of subfoveal choroidal thickness as 326.8 µm, 76 eyes with CSC were divided into the thick-choroid (55, 72.4%) and non–thick-choroid (21, 27.6%) groups. Higher proportions of vortex vein anastomosis were found in the thick-choroid group (81.8% vs. 33.3%, P < 0.001). Choroid thickness, three-dimensional choroidal vascularity index, and mean choroidal stroma volume per 1 mm2 were higher in the thick-choroid group. In multivariate analysis, younger age, higher percentages of vortex vein anastomosis, and double layer sign were the independent predictors of choroid thickening in CSC.

Conclusion:
There are discrepancies in the degree of choroidal congestion and distribution of vortex veins in the CSC with different choroidal thicknesses.
Risk Factors for Persistent Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children
Authors: Thornley Erin M. , Alexander Robin , Popelka Jill , Montgomery Christopher P. 
Published: June 2024

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of pediatric bacteremia. Persistent S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adults and children. Risk factors for S. aureus bacteremia have been well established, but there is a limited understanding of the factors that contribute to the development of persistent SAB in children.

Methods:
This is a single-center retrospective secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of pediatric patients hospitalized with S. aureus infection over a 3.5-year period at a large, quaternary, children’s hospital.

Results:
Two hundred fifty-nine children with confirmed S. aureus infection were enrolled in the study. Sixty-five of these were found to have bacteremia, with 28 (43%) developing persistent bacteremia. Patients with persistent SAB were culture-positive for a median of 3.5 days compared with 1 day for those without (P ≤ 0.001). Children with persistent SAB were more likely to have an identified osteoarticular source of infection (93%, n = 26 vs. 62%, n = 23; P = 0.008) and had a shorter median duration to culture positivity than those without persistent SAB (16 hours vs. 20 hours; P ≤ 0.001). In addition, children with persistent SAB had higher median values of presenting erythrocyte sedimentation rate, peak erythrocyte sedimentation rate, presenting C-reactive protein and peak C-reactive protein. Not surprisingly, hospital length of stay was longer in children with persistent SAB compared with those without.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that a shorter time to culture positivity, osteoarticular infection, and higher presenting and peak values for select inflammatory markers are potential risk factors for persistent SAB in children.
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor for outcomes in patients with short-term emergency department revisits
Authors: Ho Tai-Hung , Lin Jin-Wei , Chi Yu-Chi , How Chorng-Kuang , Chen Chung-Ting 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Analysis of short-term emergency department (ED) revisits is a common emergency care quality assurance practice. Previous studies have explored various risk factors of ED revisits; however, laboratory data were usually omitted. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in predicting outcomes of patients revisiting the ED.

Methods:
This retrospective observational cohort study investigated short-term ED revisit patients. The primary outcome measure was high-risk ED revisit, a composite of in-hospital mortality or intensive care unit (ICU) admission after 72-hour ED revisit. The NLR, PLR, and SII were investigated as potential prognostic predictors of ED revisit outcomes.

Results:
A total of 1916 encounters with short-term ED revisit patients were included in the study; among these, 132 (6.9%) encounters, comprising 57 in-hospital mortalities and 95 ICU admissions, were high-risk revisits. High-risk revisit patients had significantly higher NLR, PLR, and SII (11.6 vs 6.6, p < 0.001; 26.2 vs 18.9, p = 0.004; 2209 vs 1486, p = 0.002, respectively). Multiple regression analysis revealed revisit-NLR as an independent factor for predicting poor outcomes post-ED revisits (odds ratio: 1.031, 95% CI: 1.017–1.045, p < 0.001); an optimal cut-off value of 7.9 was proven for predicting high-risk ED revisit.

Conclusion:
The intensity of the inflammatory response expressed by NLR was an independent predictor for poor outcomes of ED revisits and should be considered when ED revisits occur. Future prediction models for ED revisit outcomes can include revisit-NLR as a potential predictor to reflect the progressive conditions in ED patients.
Machine learning to predict lymph node metastasis in T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter study
Authors: Huang Xu , Wang Qingle , Xu Wenyi , Liu Fangyi , Pan Liangwei , Jiao Heng , Yin Jun , Xu Hongbo , Tang Han , Tan Lijie 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Existing models do poorly when it comes to quantifying the risk of lymph node metastases (LNM). This study aimed to develop a machine-learning model for LNM in patients with T1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods and results:
The study is multicenter and population based. Elastic net regression (ELR), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and a combined (ensemble) model of these were generated. The contribution to the model of each factor was calculated. The models all exhibited potent discriminating power. The elastic net regression performed best with an externally validated the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.803, whereas the NCCN guidelines identified patients with LNM with an AUC of 0.576 and the logistic model with an AUC of 0.670. The most important features were lymphatic and vascular invasion and depth of tumor invasion.

Conclusions:
Models created utilizing machine learning approaches had excellent performance estimating the likelihood of LNM in T1 ESCC.