bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High sodium and low potassium intake in patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ekinci E. I. , Cheong K. Y. , Dobson M. , Premaratne E. , Finch S. , MacIsaac R. J. , Jerums G. 
Published: August 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1401–1408 (2010)AbstractAims  To document dietary sodium and potassium intake and adherence to the Australian National Heart Foundation (NHF) guidelines in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus attending an Australian tertiary referral and university teaching hospital.Methods  In a longitudinal study, 24h urinary sodium (uNa), potassium (uK), creatinine (uCr), urea (uUrea) and glucose (uGlu) excretions, urine volume (uVol) and body mass index were recorded in 122 regular attenders over an 8 year period (2001–2008; mean of 1.9 samples/patient/year). In a cross‐sectional study, the same measurements were recorded in patients providing urine samples in the month of June from 2001 to 2009 (782 patients, averaging 87/year).Results  In the longitudinal study, uNa (mmol/24 h) was 170 ± 53 (mean ± SD) in males and 142 ± 51 in females, whereas uK (mmol/24 h) was 75 ± 22 in males and 62 ± 18 in females. Once adjusted for insensible losses, only 3% of males and 14% of females met the NHF dietary sodium intake guidelines, and 14% of males and 3% of female patients met the NHF dietary potassium guidelines. Body mass index, uUrea, uVol and uGlu were independent predictors of uNa (adjusted r2 = 0.57, P < 0.0001). The mean intra‐individual coefficient of variation of the corrected uNa was 21 ± 1%. The cross‐sectional study confirmed these findings, and no temporal trends were observed. There was no correlation with glycated haemoglobin to suggest natriuresis with hyperglycaemia.Conclusions  Most patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus do not meet NHF sodium or potassium intake guidelines. A diet high in sodium and low in potassium may contribute to the development of hypertension and to resistance to blood‐pressure‐lowering therapies.
Familial young‐onset forms of diabetes related to HNF4A and rare HNF1A molecular aetiologies
Authors: Carette C. , Dubois‐Laforgue D. , Saint‐Martin C. , Clauin S. , Beaufils S. , Larger E. , Sola A. , Mosnier‐Pudar H. , Timsit J. , Bellanné‐Chantelot C. 
Published: August 2010

Diabet. Med. 27, 1454–1458 (2010)AbstractObjective  We have dissected the rare molecular anomalies that may affect hepatocyte nuclear factor‐1α (HNF1A) and hepatocyte nuclear factor‐4α (HNF4A) in patients with familial young‐onset diabetes for whom HNF1A mutations have been excluded by sequence analysis.Methods  Eighty‐four unrelated HNF1A‐negative patients with diabetes diagnosed before the age of 40 years, a family history of diabetes and the absence of features suggestive of Type 2 diabetes were included. We analysed by sequencing the HNF4A promoter and coding regions, the HNF1A promoter region and specific regions of HNF1A(B) and HNF1A(C) isoforms and searched for large deletions of HNF1A and HNF4A by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA).Results  We identified five novel HNF4A mutations (5/84, 6%), including four missense and one in‐frame deletion, and one mutation of the HNF1A promoter (1/84). Sequence analysis of isoform‐specific coding regions of HNF1A did not reveal any mutation. We next identified two whole gene deletions of HNF1A and HNF4A, respectively (2/84, 2.4%).Conclusions  Altogether, the search for rare molecular events in HNF1A and HNF4A led us to elucidate 8/84 (9.5%) of our HNF1A‐negative cases. This study shows that genetic aetiologies remain to be elucidated in familial young‐onset diabetes. It also highlights the difficulty of the differential diagnosis with Type 2 diabetes because of the wide clinical expression of monogenic young‐onset diabetes and the absence of specific biomarkers.
Analysing the ‘Black Box’ of HRM: Uncovering HR Goals, Mediators, and Outcomes in a Standardized Service Environment
Authors: Boxall Peter , Ang Siah Hwee , Bartram Timothy 
Published: August 2010

abstractThis multi‐level study analyses the ‘black box’ of HRM in an Australian cinema chain, a standardized service environment. Management's espoused goals for the casual workers who run the cinema service include attempts to build customer‐oriented behaviour, both directly and via empowerment, and also efforts to ensure compliance with company policies and to enhance employee commitment. Our analysis of an employee survey and supervisory performance ratings shows that it is behavioural compliance that is positively associated with rated performance rather than customer‐oriented behaviour. While customer service is an important value, it is willing engagement with a highly scripted, efficiency‐oriented work process that makes it happen, not a more empowering form of work design. On the other hand, the management process also fosters a level of employee commitment, which has some value in a tight labour market. The study demonstrates the way in which actual models of HRM can contain a complex and ‘contradictory’ set of messages, consistent with critical accounts of the labour process and suggesting that notions of ‘internal fit’ need to recognize such tensions. It underlines the importance of identifying the multiple goals in management's espoused theories of HRM and then assessing their links via managerial behaviour and employee responses to performance outcomes.
Can Internet surveys help us understanding allergic disorders? – results from a large survey in urticaria in Greece
Authors: Kalogeromitros D , Psaltopoulou T , Makris M , Koti I , Chliva C , Stefanadi E , Hatziagelaki E , Maurer M 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground  Urticaria is often underdiagnosed and/or undertreated. We have conducted an Internet‐based study to record epidemiological and clinical features as well as therapeutic interventions for urticaria in a large sample of patients in Greece.Methods  A standard anonymous questionnaire was posted for a 3‐month period on ‘http://www.in.gr’, a Greek popular Internet portal. Each individual participated only once. Participants were screened for the presence or history of urticaria by two key questions and were then asked to provide information on symptomatology and management.Results  A total of 12 396 subjects voluntarily responded to the survey, of which 8440 (5136 females) who reported to have or had urticaria, were finally analysed. A total of 4780 (56.6%) had experienced weals only, 507 (6.0%) angio‐oedema only and 3018 (35.8%) both. Weals and angio‐oedema were found to be more common in women; 2761(57.8%) and 277(54.6%), respectively. Age of onset significantly correlated with disease duration; a 1% higher possibility of longer duration of urticaria exists (more than 6 weeks compared with less than 6 weeks) for each additional year of age of onset after controlling for gender. Patients with chronic urticaria had increased mean age compared with those reporting the acute form (35.04 vs. 33.88 years, P < 0.001). Dermatologists were the most frequently visited specialists and the most common treatments were antihistamines and topical preparations. The self‐reported eliciting factors of urticaria were as follows: physical stimuli (approximately 25%), psychological distress (17.2%), direct contact to metals or chemicals (14.5%), foods and drugs (10%), whereas a third of the participants could not identify any trigger.Conclusions  Internet surveys can be a useful tool for screening the general population for common allergic disorders, such as urticaria.
Information and its value to health workers in rural Uganda: a qualitative perspective*
Authors: Musoke Maria G. N. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractA study was conducted in 1998/99 to investigate the accessibility and use of information by health workers in rural Uganda. Data were collected qualitatively using semi‐structured interviews. As a qualitative study, it focused in‐depth on a relatively small sample of health workers selected purposefully. Different categories of health workers were interviewed.Data were analysed using a grounded theory approach. In this paper, two main categories that emerged from the data will be discussed, namely: value of information and constraints. Information was valuable in clinical work, information dissemination, decision making, administration and detection. Constraints to effective information use included the quality and relevance of the information as well as the difficulties of sometimes putting theory into practice. Finally, the concepts that emerged from the analysis of the use of information pointed directly to the information needs of the health workers studied, which shows that information was valuable in meeting those needs. Some implications of the study and areas for further research are highlighted.
Refinement of a viral transmission risk model for blood donations in seroconversion window phase screened by nucleic acid testing in different pool sizes and repeat test algorithms
Authors: Weusten Jos , Vermeulen Marion , van Drimmelen Harry , Lelie Nico 
Published: August 2010

BACKGROUND: In minipool nucleic acid test (MP‐NAT) screening protocols, the donations implicated in reactive test pools are released for transfusion when they are nonreactive in a repeat test on the individual samples, but in individual‐donation (ID)‐NAT screening algorithms the release of nonrepeatable reactive (NRR) donations is under discussion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A previously developed window phase (WP) transmission risk model for NAT‐screened blood transfusions has been refined to take the effect of repeat tests of initially reactive (IR) MP‐ or ID‐NAT results into account. The model has then been applied to simulate the effect of different screening algorithms with ULTRIO and the new‐generation ULTRIO Plus assay (Novartis Diagnostics) on transmission risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).RESULTS: We calculated WP risk‐day equivalents for MP16‐, MP8‐, and ID‐NAT with and without duplicate retesting of IR results of 3.1, 2.7, 1.5, and 1.3 days for HCV; 6.3, 5.5, 3.3, and 2.9 days for HIV; and 24.4, 22.2, 15.6, and 14.1 days for HBV, respectively. These latter infectious HBV WPs reduced to 20.4, 18.2, 11.6, and 10.3 days, respectively, with the more sensitive ULTRIO Plus assay.CONCLUSION: ULTRIO Plus ID‐NAT screening reduces the virus transmission risk in the WP by 54% to 58% compared to ULTRIO MP16‐NAT, while the incremental risk caused by releasing donations with duplicate ID‐NAT NRR results is 5% to 6%. To achieve maximum safety and specificity a similar repeat test algorithm can be applied to ID‐NAT as used for serologic assays.
A modified technique of guinea pig testing to identify delayed hypersensitivity allergens
Authors: Sato Yoshihisa , Katsumura Yoshio , Ichikawa Hidkyuki , Kobayashi Toshiaki , Kozuka Takehiio , Morikawa Fujio , Ohta Saburo 
Published: August 2010

A modified guinea pig testing technique was developed For the detection of weak allergens and allergenicity of materials unsuitable for testing by intradermal injection. This test involved the use of Freund's complete adjuvant to stimulate the immune system of the animal, and external application instead of intradermal injection of the test compound in the induction stage. The allergenicity of Sudan III, Brilliant Lake Red R and Sudan I was tested by this procedure.In the dose‐effect study of Sudan I, the dose dependency of a positive reaction of the induction and challenge concentrations was recognised.The test was compared with three other guinea pig sensitization tests. The results obtained with this test correlated well with those obtained with the guinea pig maximization test.
Virus warts in meat handlers
Authors: Wall L. M. , Oakes D. , Rycroft R. J. G. 
Published: August 2010

An epidemiological study has been made of virus warts on the hands of all workers in a large meat processing factory. The meat handled is pork and beef. A total of 1141 employees were examined, 687 of whom were constantly handling meat.The plant outline and the work of the 144 workers in the butchery section are described in detail. The prevalence of warts in meat handlers was 33.6–70.4% in different sections. The prevalence in non‐meat handlers varied from 18.2% to 44.4%. Half of the employees with warts were unaware of them, particularly in regard to plane warts.
Nickel allergy – prevalence in a population of Swedish youths from patch test and questionnaire data
Authors: Fors Ronny , Persson Maurits , Bergström Erik , Stenlund Hans , Stymne Birgitta , Stenberg Berndt 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The prevalence of body piercing and orthodontic treatment has increased during recent decades. Such changes in lifestyle may influence the occurrence of nickel allergy.Objectives:  The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of nickel allergy in a Swedish youth population.Methods:  In a cross‐sectional survey, 6095 adolescents answered a questionnaire on their lifestyle and medical history, and 4439 consented to patch testing for contact allergy. Patch test results were adjusted for dropouts by a missing value analysis.Results:  The prevalence of self‐reported dermatitis from contact with metal items was 14.8%. Patch testing showed nickel sensitization in 9.9% of the subjects, and in significantly more girls than boys, 13.3% versus 2.5%, respectively. Taking the dropout into account, the estimated true prevalence of nickel sensitivity evaluated by test reading at D4 is 11.8% in girls and 1.6% in boys.Conclusions:  The prevalence of nickel sensitization was higher for girls and slightly lower for boys compared with previous Swedish data. Self‐reported information on metal dermatitis as an estimate of nickel allergy has low validity. When possible, missing value analysis should be performed to account for dropouts.
Autoxidation of linalyl acetate, the main component of lavender oil, creates potent contact allergens
Authors: Sköld Maria , Hagvall Lina , Karlberg Ann‐Therese 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Fragrances are among the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. We have in previous studies shown that linalool, present in lavender oil, autoxidizes on air exposure, forming allergenic oxidation products. Oxidized linalool was found to be a frequent cause of contact allergy in a patch test study on consecutive dermatitis patients. Linalyl acetate, the main component of lavender oil is commonly used as a fragrance chemical in scented products. Because of structural similarities, linalyl acetate should also be susceptible to oxidation on air exposure, forming similar oxidation products as linalool.Objective:  The aim of the present study was to investigate the autoxidation of linalyl acetate and the influence of oxidation on its sensitizing potency.Methods:  Analyses were performed using gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Sensitizing potencies of compounds were determined using the local lymph node assay (LLNA) in mice.Results:  Analyses showed that the content of linalyl acetate decreased over time on air exposure and other compounds were formed. Hydroperoxides, an epoxide and an alcohol were identified as oxidation products from linalyl acetate. In the LLNA, linalyl acetate of high purity showed a weak sensitizing potency (EC3 25%). Autoxidation increased the sensitizing potency of linalyl acetate, and a 10 weeks oxidized sample gave an EC3 value of 3.6%. As for linalool, the hydroperoxides were shown to be the oxidation products with the highest sensitizing potency.Conclusion:  It is concluded that autoxidation of the weakly allergenic linalyl acetate leads to formation of allergenic oxidation products.
Complementary and alternative remedies: an additional source of potential systemic nickel exposure
Authors: De Medeiros Luciana M , Fransway Anthony F , Taylor James S , Wyman Marcia , Janes Jodith , Fowler Joseph F , Rietschel Robert L 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Systemic contact dermatitis from nickel has been reported from a number of sources including medical devices and following experimental oral exposure.Objective:  To identify other potential sources of systemic nickel exposure.Methods:  The internet and published medical literature were searched for complementary and alternative remedies which contain nickel.Results:  We identified and evaluated sources of nickel exposure in 4 homeopathic preparations, which are advertised to treat common skin diseases, as well as in a number of other homeopathic remedies, several herbal products and multivitamin mineral complexes.Conclusion:  Complementary and alternative remedies are an additional source of systemic nickel exposure and at highest doses the potential risk for systemic contact dermatitis in nickel allergic patients should be considered.
Evaluation of the effect of the specific CCR1 antagonist CP‐481715 on the clinical and cellular responses observed following epicutaneous nickel challenge in human subjects
Authors: Borregaard Jeanett , Skov Lone , Wang Lisy , Ting Naitee , Wang Cunshan , Beck Lisa A. , Sonne Jesper , Clucas Alan 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The CC‐chemokine receptor‐1 (CCR1) is thought to be involved in recruitment of inflammatory cells in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). CP‐481715 is a specific antagonist of CCR1.Objectives:  To determine the inhibitory effects of CP‐418 715 in ACD by evaluating the clinical signs and cellular infiltration in skin biopsies following epicutaneous nickel challenge in allergic subjects.Subjects/Methods:  In this phase 1/2 study, 40 subjects were randomized to 5 days of treatment in four parallel groups (placebo three times daily (TID), placebo once daily (QD), 1000 mg CP‐418 715 TID, and 3000 mg CP‐418 715 QD). Twenty‐four hours after the first drug administration, nickel sulfate patches were applied on subjects’ backs and removed 48 hours later.Results:  Pretreatment with 1000 mg CP‐481715 TID resulted in significant reductions in visual scores of the nickel reactions (P = 0.01). Instrumentally measured erythema tended to decrease in the CP‐481715 mg TID group (P = 0.06). No differences were noted between the 3000 mg CP‐481715 mg QD group and pooled placebo. No significant differences were found for immunohistological cell counts. CP‐418 715 was generally safe and well tolerated.Conclusions:  Blocking of CCR1 only partly inhibited clinical manifestations of ACD. Several chemokine receptors are likely relevant for the cellular influx observed in ACD lesions.
Perceptions of sensitive skin: changes in perceived severity and associations with environmental causes
Authors: Farage Miranda A. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The number of individuals who perceive themselves to have sensitive skin appear to be on the increase. A single definition of this condition remains elusive.Objectives:  We used an epidemiological approach to evaluate the reasons why responders feel they have sensitive skin, how their skin has changed over time, and if there are sex, ethnic, and age group differences.Methods:  A total of 1039 individuals filled out standard questionnaires. Respondents were not selected based on any criteria related to sensitive skin but consisted of individuals participating in other studies.Results:  About 53% stated that their skin had been sensitive for more than 5 years, and 31% claimed that their skin has become more sensitive. When asked to describe why they have sensitive skin, severe weather was the reason most commonly selected. Visual (redness/swelling) and sensory (burning/stinging) reactions to products was also selected as the reason. Caucasians more often claimed that products produced visual effects, whereas African‐Americans more often claimed that products produced sensory effects. The environmental factor most strongly associated with sensitive skin was stress.Conclusions:  Overall, the data support the generally accepted definition of sensitive skin as a reduced tolerance to cosmetics and toiletries; however, many individuals feel they have sensitive skin for other reasons unrelated to cosmetics and toiletries.
Hand eczema among University Hospital nursing staff: identification of high‐risk sector and impact on quality of life
Authors: Lan Cheng‐Che E. , Feng Wen‐Wei , Lu Yi‐Wei , Wu Ching‐Shuang , Hung Shih‐Ting , Hsu Hui‐Yu , Yu Hsin‐Su , Ko Ying‐Chin , Lee Chien‐Hung , Yang Yi‐Hsin , Chen Gwo‐Shing 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Hand eczema is a commonly encountered occupational disease and has a negative impact on life quality.Objective:  This study aimed to identify the specific conditions that may pose a higher risk for occurrence of hand eczema and evaluate the impact of hand eczema on life quality.Method:  Nursing staff from a university hospital were invited to participate in a cross‐sectional study. Validated questionnaires for hand eczema and life quality were used to evaluate the point prevalence and determine the impacts of hand eczema, respectively.Results:  The overall response rate was 93%, equivalent to 1132 completed questionnaires. Two hundred and forty‐eight (22%) reported occurrence of hand eczema. Occurrence of hand eczema was significantly associated with nursing for >10 years and working in a special care unit, with prevalences of 27% and 26%, respectively. In addition, hand eczema was associated with suboptimal life quality; pruritus or burning sensations were associated with a lower quality of life among those with hand eczema.Conclusion:  Hand eczema is a work‐related problem for nursing staff; proper preventive programmes should be implemented for those nursing staff working in high‐risk areas to avoid further lowering of their quality of life.
Keratin protein identification in dimethylbenzanthracene‐induced hamster cheek‐pouch squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Shuler C. F. , Mostofi R. , Lin L.‐M. , Schwartz S. A. 
Published: August 2010

Shuler CF, Mostofi R, Lin L‐M, Schwartz SA. Keratin protein identification in dimethylbenzanthracene‐induced hamster cheek‐pouch squamous cell carcinomas. J Oral PatholIndividual keratin proteins were identified in 10 DMBA induced squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the hamster cheek pouch. SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of water‐insoluble cytoskeletal extracts from the tumor tissue demonstrated alterations in the protein distribution normal for the site. Immunoblot analysis with a broad spectrum polyclonal antikeratin antiserum identified the keratins in the preparations and confirmed changes in their distribution in the tumor preparations. The major keratin species for all the tumor tissues ranged in molecular weight from 45 to 57kd. The normal tissues had keratins with molecular weights from 45 to 73kd. The absence of high molecular weight keratins was a prominent feature in all the cancers. The histologic appearance of the tumors was varied but the distribution of the keratins was not correlated with the various histologies. The results demonstrate that changes in keratin gene expression occur in DMBA‐induced cheek‐pouch carcinomas but the precise alterations in the keratin proteins from those seen normally are not predictable.
Immunology of premalignant and malignant conditions of the oral cavity. II. Circulating immune complexes
Authors: Balaram Prabha , Pillai M. Radhakrishna , Abraham Thomas 
Published: August 2010

Prabha B, Pillai MR, Abraham T. Immunology of premalignant and malignant conditions of the oral cavity. II. Circulating immune complexes. J Oral Pathol 1987: 16: 389–391.Quantitation of circulating immune complexes (CIC) levels was established in patients with oral cancer and oral precancerous lesions. The levels were compared with that in normal controls and chronic chewers of betal quid with no signs of any disease. Both patients with oral cancer and oral precancerous lesions had elevated CIC when compared to both the control groups. The most interesting observations were (a) the CIC levels in the chewing controls were significantly raised when compared to normal controls; and (b) the CIC levels in the patients with premalignant lesions were elevated almost to the same levels as in the oral cancer patients.