bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated summer temperatures delay spawning and reduce redd construction for resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Authors: Warren Dana R. , Robinson Jason M. , Josephson Daniel C. , Sheldon Daniel R. , Kraft Clifford E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRedd (nest) surveys for resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were conducted annually in a mountain lake in northern New York for 11 years with multiple surveys conducted during the spawning season in eight of those years. Repeated surveys throughout the spawning season allowed us to fit an individually based parametric model and estimate the day of year on which spawning was initiated, reached its midpoint, and ended during each year. Spawning phenology was then assessed relative to (1) mean of maximum daily air temperature and (2) mean of maximum daily water temperature at the lake bottom during summer in each year using a linear model. Elevated temperatures in summer were correlated with a delay in spawning and a reduction in the total number of redds constructed. Increasing the summer mean of maximum daily air temperatures by 1 °C delayed spawning by approximately 1 week and decreased the total number of redds constructed by nearly 65. Lake spawning brook trout select redd sites based on the presence of discharging groundwater that is relatively constant in temperature within and across years, leading to relatively consistent egg incubation times. Therefore, delayed spawning is likely to delay fry emergence, which could influence emergence synchrony with prey items. This work highlights non‐lethal and sub‐lethal effects of elevated summer temperatures on native resident salmonids in aquatic environments with limited thermal refugia.
Mucinous differentiation in colorectal cancer – indicator of poor prognosis?
Authors: Langner Cord , Harbaum Lars , Pollheimer Marion J , Kornprat Peter , Lindtner Richard A , Schlemmer Andrea , Vieth Michael , Rehak Peter 
Published: February 2012

Langner C, Harbaum L, Pollheimer M J, Kornprat P, Lindtner R A, Schlemmer A, Vieth M & Rehak P  (2012) Histopathology 60, 1060–1072Mucinous differentiation in colorectal cancer – indicator of poor prognosis?Aims:  To analyse the prognostic impact of mucinous differentiation in colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas and adenocarcinomas with a mucinous component.Methods and results:  A total of 381 tumours were reviewed for mucinous differentiation by two independent pathologists. Mismatch repair status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Prognostic significance was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. Eighty‐one (21%) tumours were Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC) Stage I, 120 (31%) Stage II, 126 (33%) Stage III and 54 (14%) Stage IV. Mucinous adenocarcinomas accounted for 12% and adenocarcinomas with a mucinous component for 19% of tumours. Mucinous differentiation was associated significantly with mismatch repair protein deficiency. The presence of extracellular mucin, regardless of extent, did not affect patients’ outcome, while tumour grade, vascular and perineural invasion, tumour border configuration and budding were associated significantly with outcome. Cox analysis proved venous invasion to be an independent predictor of outcome in mucinous adenocarcinomas and both venous invasion and tumour budding as independent predictors of outcome in adenocarcinomas with any amount of mucin.Conclusions:  Mucinous adenocarcinomas and/or adenocarcinomas with mucinous component do not differ from conventional adenocarcinomas with respect to prognosis and histological predictors of outcome. Hence, recording of mucinous differentiation may be used as an indicator of mismatch repair deficiency, but not for prognostic stratification.
Prognostic significance of Notch signalling molecules and their involvement in the invasiveness of endometrial carcinoma cells
Authors: Mitsuhashi Yuko , Horiuchi Akiko , Miyamoto Tsutomu , Kashima Hiroyasu , Suzuki Akihisa , Shiozawa Tanri 
Published: February 2012

Mitsuhashi Y, Horiuchi A, Miyamoto T, Kashima H, Suzuki A & Shiozawa T  (2012) Histopathology 60, 826–837Prognostic significance of Notch signalling molecules and their involvement in the invasiveness of endometrial carcinoma cellsAims:  The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of the expression of Notch‐related molecules in endometrial carcinoma.Methods and results:  The expression of Notch receptors (Notch1 and 3) and Notch ligands [Jagged (JAG) 1 and Delta‐like (DLL) 4] was examined immunohistochemically in 37 normal and 76 malignant endometrial tissue samples. For each section, immunohistochemical staining was scored using a positivity index (PI, full score; 200). The effects of a Notch inhibitor, DAPT, on cell proliferation, invasion and motility were investigated using endometrial carcinoma cell lines. The PIs for Notch1 (mean ± SD 90.4 ± 15.3), Notch3 (95.6 ± 20.4), JAG1 (95.5 ± 10.0) and DLL4 (88.2 ± 9.6), were significantly higher in endometrial carcinoma than normal endometrium. The PI for Notch1 was associated significantly with advanced International Federation of Gynecologists & Obstetricians (FIGO) stage. In addition, patients with tumours showing high expression of both Notch1 and JAG1 had a poor prognosis compared with those having double‐negative carcinomas (P = 0.015). DAPT suppressed invasiveness of cells derived from the endometrial carcinoma cell line KLE.Conclusions:  The Notch1–JAG1 axis may enhance the invasive properties of endometrial carcinomas, which suggests the Notch pathway may be a promising target for the treatment of this malignancy.
The number of Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA C tyrosine phosphorylation motifs influences the pattern of gastritis and the development of gastric carcinoma
Authors: Ferreira Rui M , Machado Jose C , Leite Marina , Carneiro Fatima , Figueiredo Ceu 
Published: February 2012

Ferreira R M, Machado J C, Leite M, Carneiro F & Figueiredo C  (2012) Histopathology 60, 992–998The number of Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA C tyrosine phosphorylation motifs influences the pattern of gastritis and the development of gastric carcinomaAims:  To characterize the variation in virulence of Helicobacter pylori associated with CagA Glu‐Pro‐Ile‐Tyr‐Ala (EPIYA) motifs, and to explore its relationship with the histopathological features of chronic gastritis and with the development of gastric carcinoma.Methods and results:  A total of 169 H. pylori‐infected patients with chronic gastritis and gastric carcinoma were studied. The presence of cagA and the number and type of EPIYA motifs were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Infection with strains harbouring two or more CagA EPIYA C motifs was associated with the presence of surface epithelial damage, and with atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma. The magnitude of risk for atrophic gastritis and gastric carcinoma increased with increasing number of EPIYA C motifs: strains with one EPIYA C motif conferred a risk (odds ratio [OR]) of 7.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1–25] for atrophic gastritis, whereas strains with two or more EPIYA C motifs conferred a risk (OR) of 12 (95% CI 2.5–58); strains with one EPIYA C motif conferred a risk (OR) of 17 (95% CI 5.4–55) for gastric carcinoma, whereas strains with two or more EPIYA C motifs conferred a risk (OR) of 51 (95% CI 13–198).Conclusions:  Characterization of the number of H. pylori EPIYA C motifs is important in better defining gastric carcinoma risk.
Reduced in vitro T‐cell responses induced by glutaraldehyde‐modified allergen extracts are caused mainly by retarded internalization of dendritic cells
Authors: Heydenreich Bärbel , Bellinghausen Iris , Lorenz Steffen , Henmar Helene , Strand Dennis , Würtzen Peter A. , Saloga Joachim 
Published: February 2012

SummaryAlthough allergen‐specific immunotherapy is a clinically effective therapy for IgE‐mediated allergic diseases, the risk of IgE‐mediated adverse effects still exists. For this reason, chemically modified allergoids have been introduced, which may destroy IgE‐binding sites while T‐cell activation should be retained. The aim of the study was to analyse the differences between intact allergens and differently modified/aggregated allergoids concerning their internalization as well as T‐cell and basophil activation. For this purpose human monocyte‐derived immature dendritic cells (DC) were incubated with Phleum pratense or Betula verrucosa pollen extract or with the corresponding allergoids, modified with formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde. After an additional maturation process, the antigen‐loaded mature DC were co‐cultured with autologous CD4+ T cells. Allergenicity was tested by leukotriene release from basophils. In addition, the uptake of intact allergens and allergoids by immature DC was analysed. The proliferation of, as well as the interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), IL‐10, IL‐13 and interferon‐γ production by, CD4+ T cells which had been stimulated with glutaraldehyde allergoid‐treated DC was reduced compared with CD4+ T cells stimulated with intact allergen‐treated or formaldehyde allergoid‐treated DC. In line with this, glutaraldehyde‐modified allergoids were more aggregated and were internalized more slowly. Furthermore, only the allergoids modified with glutaraldehyde induced a decreased leukotriene release by activated basophils. These findings suggest that IgE‐reactive epitopes were destroyed more efficiently by modification with glutaraldehyde than with formaldehyde under the conditions chosen for these investigations. Glutaraldehyde‐modified allergoids also displayed lower T‐cell stimulatory capacity, which is mainly the result of greater modification/aggregation and diminished uptake by DC.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv0652 stimulates production of tumour necrosis factor and monocytes chemoattractant protein‐1 in macrophages through the Toll‐like receptor 4 pathway
Authors: Kim Kwangwook , Sohn Hosung , Kim Jong‐Seok , Choi Han‐Gyu , Byun Eui‐Hong , Lee Kang‐In , Shin Sung Jae , Song Chang‐Hwa , Park Jeong‐Kyu , Kim Hwa‐Jung 
Published: February 2012

SummaryMycobacterial proteins interact with host macrophages and modulate their functions and cytokine gene expression profile. The protein Rv0652 is abundant in culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis K‐strain, which belongs to the Beijing family, compared with levels in the H37Rv and CDC1551 strains. Rv0652 induces strong antibody responses in patients with active tuberculosis. We investigated pro‐inflammatory cytokine production induced by Rv0652 in murine macrophages and the roles of signalling pathways. In RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow‐derived macrophages, recombinant Rv0652 induced predominantly tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 production, which was dependent on mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐κB. Specific signalling pathway inhibitors revealed that the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathways were essential for Rv0652‐induced TNF production, whereas the ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways, but not the p38 pathway, were critical for MCP‐1 production in macrophages. Rv0652‐stimulated TNF and MCP‐1 secretion by macrophages occurred in a Toll‐like receptor 4‐dependent and MyD88‐dependent manner. In addition, Rv0652 significantly up‐regulated the expression of the mannose receptor, CD80, CD86 and MHC class II molecules. These results suggest that Rv0652 can induce a protective immunity against M. tuberculosis through the macrophage activation.
Effect of the widespread use of fluorides on the occurrence of hidden caries in children
Authors: HASHIZUME LINA N. , MATHIAS TELMA C. , CIBILS DÉBORA M. , MALTZ MARISA 
Published: February 2012

International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 72–76
Background.  It has been suggested that the widespread use of fluorides could interfere in the prevalence of clinically undetected occlusal dentine caries.Aim.  The objective of this study was to determine the role of public water fluoridation and fluoride dentifrice on the prevalence of hidden caries in 8–10‐year‐old children.Design.  Clinical and radiographic data on schoolchildren collected in an epidemiologic study in Porto Alegre, Brazil, at two moments, 1975 (n = 228) and 1996 (n = 213), were analysed. Only the first permanent molars were studied. Only children of the 1996 examinations had benefited from fluoridated water soon after birth and had regular access to fluoride dentifrices. The criterion applied for hidden caries, when data from 1975 to 1996 were compared, was clinical sound surfaces that presented a radiolucent zone in the dentine.Results.  The prevalence of clinically sound surfaces and percentage of hidden caries was 0.51 and 26.4% in 1975 and 2.67 and 12.9% in 1996, respectively. The prevalence of hidden caries differed statistically between the two periods (P < 0.05).Conclusions.  The results do indicate that the widespread use of fluoride via public water supply and dentifrices decreases the prevalence of hidden caries.
Vitamin D status and the predictors of circulating T helper 1‐type immunoglobulin levels in Iranian subjects with type 1 diabetes and their siblings: a case‐control study
Authors: Ghandchi Z. , Neyestani T. R. , Saboor Yaraghi A.‐A. , Eshraghian M.‐R. , Gharavi A. , Shariatzadeh N. , Kalayi A. , Houshiarrad A. 
Published: February 2012

How to cite this article
Ghandchi Z., Neyestani T.R., Saboor Yaraghi A.‐A., Eshraghian M.‐R., Gharavi A., Shariatzadeh N., Kalayi A. & Houshiarrad A. (2012) Vitamin D status and the predictors of circulating T helper 1‐type immunoglobulin levels in Iranian subjects with type 1 diabetes and their siblings: a case‐control study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 25, 365–372AbstractBackground:  Vitamin D status has been linked to both T helper (Th)1/Th2 balance and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The present study aimed to evaluate vitamin D status and its relation to Th1/Th2 balance in subjects with T1D, their siblings and unrelated healthy controls during autumn and winter 2008–2009.Methods:  A case–control study was conducted on subjects with T1D (n1 = 60) and two control groups comprising nondiabetic siblings (n2 = 60) and unrelated healthy controls (n3 = 60). Assessments of dietary intake, anthropometry, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and 25(OH)D were performed. Serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G2 and IgE, as well as the IgG2/IgE ratio, were used to evaluate Th1/Th2 balance. Vitamin D status was defined based on circulating 25(OH)D as deficiency: <27.5 nm; insufficiency 27.5 ≤ 25(OH)D <50 nm; and sufficiency ≥50 nm.Results:  Vitamin D status did not differ significantly among the groups. Similarly, no significant difference in 25(OH)D, iPTH, IgG2, IgE and IgG2/IgE was found. In multiple regression analysis of pooled data, PTH and body mass index were the predictors of IgG2/IgE. In the diabetic group, both PTH and age and, in siblings, PTH only, were the predictors of IgG2/IgE ratio.Conclusions:  These data suggest PTH as the major predictor of immune deviance towards the Th1 response in both type 1 diabetic subjects and their siblings. Considering that the active form of vitamin D suppresses PTH production, it is hypothesised that vitamin D replenishment of just those who are genetically prone to the disease (i.e. siblings) may be regarded as a preventive measure against T1D.
Digitally adjusting chromogenic dye proportions in brightfield microscopy images
Authors: BILGIN C.C. , RITTSCHER J. , FILKINS R. , CAN A. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryWe present an algorithm to adjust the contrast of individual dyes from colour (red–green–blue) images of dye mixtures. Our technique is based on first decomposing the colour image into individual dye components, then adjusting each of the dye components and finally mixing the individual dyes to generate colour images. Specifically in this paper, we digitally adjust the staining proportions of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) chromogenic dyes in tissue images. We formulate the physical dye absorption process as a non‐negative mixing equation, and solve the individual components using non‐negative matrix factorisation (NMF). Our NMF formulation includes camera dark current in addition to the mixing proportions and the individual H and E components. The novelty of our approach is to adjust the dye proportions while preserving the color of nonlinear dye interactions, such as pigments and red blood cells. In this paper we present results for only H&E images, our technique can easily be extended to other staining techniques.
Clinical‐histological associations in gastroparesis: results from the Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium
Authors: Grover M. , Bernard C. E. , Pasricha P. J. , Lurken M. S. , Faussone‐Pellegrini M. S. , Smyrk T. C. , Parkman H. P. , Abell T. L. , Snape W. J. , Hasler W. L. , McCallum R. W. , Nguyen L. , Koch K. L. , Calles J. , Lee L. , Tonascia J. , Ünalp‐Arida A. , Hamilton F. A. , Farrugia G. ,   on behalf the NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (GpCRC)
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground  Cellular changes associated with diabetic (DG) and idiopathic gastroparesis (IG) have recently been described from patients enrolled in the Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium. The association of these cellular changes with gastroparesis symptoms and gastric emptying is unknown. The aim of this study was to relate cellular changes to symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with gastroparesis.Methods  Earlier, using full thickness gastric body biopsies from 20 DG, 20 IG, and 20 matched controls, we found decreased interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and enteric nerves and an increase in immune cells in both DG and IG. Here, demographic, symptoms [gastroparesis cardinal symptom index score (GCSI)], and gastric emptying were related to cellular alterations using Pearson’s correlation coefficients.Key Results  Interstitial cells of Cajal counts inversely correlated with 4 h gastric retention in DG but not in IG (r = −0.6, P = 0.008, DG, r = 0.2, P = 0.4, IG). There was also a significant correlation between loss of ICC and enteric nerves in DG but not in IG (r = 0.5, P = 0.03 for DG, r = 0.3, P = 0.16, IG). Idiopathic gastroparesis with a myenteric immune infiltrate scored higher on the average GCSI (3.6 ± 0.7 vs 2.7 ± 0.9, P = 0.05) and nausea score (3.8 ± 0.9 vs 2.6 ± 1.0, P = 0.02) as compared to those without an infiltrate.Conclusions & Inferences  In DG, loss of ICC is associated with delayed gastric emptying. Interstitial cells of Cajal or enteric nerve loss did not correlate with symptom severity. Overall clinical severity and nausea in IG is associated with a myenteric immune infiltrate. Thus, full thickness gastric biopsies can help define specific cellular abnormalities in gastroparesis, some of which are associated with physiological and clinical characteristics of gastroparesis.
A new risk indicator for botrytis leaf blight of onion caused by Botrytis squamosa based on infection efficiency of airborne inoculum
Authors: Carisse O. , Levasseur A. , Van der Heyden H. 
Published: February 2012

Botrytis leaf blight (BLB) caused by Botrytis squamosa is a major leaf disease of onion. Various forecasting systems have been developed to help growers manage the disease. To improve forecasting reliability, the influence of temperature and wetness duration on B. squamosa infection was quantified by inoculating onion leaves with a conidial suspension and incubating them under various combinations of temperature (10–30°C) and leaf wetness duration (0–84 h). Infection was measured as the number of lesions per cm2 of leaf and converted to the proportion of maximum infection (PMI). Regardless of leaf wetness duration, only a few lesions developed at 30°C and the number of lesions increased as the temperature rose from 10 to 20°C but decreased at 25°C. Between 10 and 25°C the number of lesions per cm2 of leaf area increased gradually with increasing leaf wetness duration from 12 to 72 h. Relative infection was modelled as a function of both temperature and wetness duration using a modified version of the Weibull equation, which provided a precise description of the response of B. squamosa (R2 = 0·88). To facilitate field validation, receiving operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of various sets of criteria for establishing the length of an infection event based on field weather data. The total number of leaf wetness and RH >90% hours over a 72 h period was the best criterion, regardless of the wetness interruption pattern (sensitivity = 90·91, specificity = 84·62, area under the receiving operating curve = 0·878). The model describing the relationship of PMI to temperature and leaf wetness duration, and field observations on airborne conidium concentration (ACC) were used to calculate the risk of infection (RIBLB) as RIBLB = PMI × ACC. In 2009 and 2010, this risk index was compared to the observed rate of BLB progress (RateBLB+5 days) during the following 5 days. There was a linear relationship between RIBLB and RateBLB+5 days indicating that this new risk indicator was reliable for predicting the risk of BLB development. These findings will help to improve the timing of fungicide applications for BLB management.
Prevalence and diversity of Grapevine fanleaf virus in southern Spain
Authors: Palomares‐Rius J. E. , Gutiérrez‐Gutiérrez C. , Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete C. , Castillo P. 
Published: February 2012

The occurrence of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) in 74 vineyards in grapevine‐growing areas of Andalusia, southern Spain, was investigated, as well as the genetic variability of the coat protein (CP) gene on RNA2. Overall, the prevalence of GFLV (the percentage of vineyards with GFLV) was 24·3%, and it was most common in the Jerez‐Xérès‐Sherry and Manzanilla‐Sanlúcar de Barrameda denomination of origin (DO) (29·4%) and Condado de Huelva DO (24·0%), followed by the Montilla‐Moriles DO (13·3%). GFLV‐infected plants showed fanleaf and yellow mosaic symptoms together with general vine decline. In almost all samples, except one from Jerez‐Xérès‐Sherry and Manzanilla‐Sanlúcar de Barrameda DO and one from Condado de Huelva DO, GFLV‐infected plants showed soil infestation by the virus vector nematode species Xiphinema index and/or the potential vector X. italiae. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) successfully amplified the partial CP gene product of the expected size (555 bp) in leaves and nematode vectors. A total of 135 clones of the partial GFLV CP gene were analysed for sequence variation using single‐strand conformation polymorphism, yielding 12 different haplotype patterns. Haplotypes were separated among the three different DO. The haplotype patterns MOB, MOC, MMA, MMC and HB were detected in leaf samples and nematode vectors for each locality, except for Jerez de la Frontera‐429. Sequence analysis of the GFLV haplotypes revealed sequence variability within the haplotypes and greater abundance of some variants than others in the same sequenced haplotype pattern. Consequently, GFLV in southern Spain exists as a ‘quasispecies’, as it has been reported in other grapevine‐growing areas of the world. This paper is the first report on the molecular variability of GFLV in Spain.