bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of past behavior on variety seeking: Automatic and deliberative influences
Authors: Shen Hao , Wyer Robert S. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractConsumers often make multiple purchases of products to use over a period of time. In doing so, they sometimes choose their most preferred option for use on each occasion. In other cases, however, they are likely to distribute their choices over several alternatives. These decision strategies could be applied either deliberately or spontaneously without awareness of the factors that give rise to their application. Three studies examined the conditions in which these spontaneous and deliberative processes exert an influence on variety seeking.
Tegumental surface changes in adult Paramphistomum microbothrium (Fischoeder 1901) following in vitro administration of artemether
Authors: Shalaby H.A. , El Namaky A.H. , Kamel R.A. , Derbala A.A. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe treatment of paramphistomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, has been carried out with different fasciolicidal compounds, all showing weak efficacy. Therefore, the search for alternative paramphistomicidal drugs is warranted. In the present study, the in vitro effects of artemether on adult Paramphistomum microbothrium were evaluated, for the first time, using scanning electron microscopy. After 24 h of incubation with 10 μg ml− 1 artemether, tegumental damage of both anterior and posterior ends of the fluke had occurred in the majority of the specimens examined. Sensory papillae surrounding the oral aperture were ruptured, while those at the acetabular region appeared to be sunken due to tegumental swelling. The tegumental disruption became more pronounced and both oral sucker and acetabulum were severely distorted, on increasing the concentration to 20 μg ml− 1. With higher concentration of 30 μg ml− 1, gross swellings of the body of the fluke, clearly visible to the naked eye, were observed, and damage to both oral sucker and acetabulum was so extreme that little recognizable structure remained.
Duplication of internal jugular veins: case report
Authors: Wong B Y W , Strachan D R , Loney E L 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectives:We report a rare case of internal jugular vein duplications, in order to raise the level of awareness of this anomaly amongst ENT surgeons, radiologists and intensive care practitioners. We briefly review and discuss the related literature.Case report:Duplicated internal jugular veins are a rare anatomical finding. They may be subclinical, or may present with neck swellings that may be mistaken for laryngocoeles or branchial cysts. We present a case of bilateral internal jugular vein duplication in a young adult. The referral was made on the basis of intermittent neck swelling, dyspnoea and dysphagia. Conservative treatment was instigated, and symptoms improved without surgical intervention.Conclusions:Only a handful of cases of duplicated internal jugular veins have been reported. The current case is unique, as no previously reported cases have presented with dyspnoea and dysphagia. We suggest a conservative approach, as there is currently no evidence that duplicated internal jugular veins cause any adverse health outcomes.
Detection of multiple infections by Monocystis strains in a single earthworm host using ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequence variation
Authors: VELAVAN T. P. , SCHULENBURG H. , MICHIELS N. K. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYMonocystis sp. are sporocyst-forming apicomplexan parasites common in seminal vesicles of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris where they may account for temporary castration. This study describes the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal cistron of Monocystis sp. This region, including ITS-1, the 5·8S ribosomal RNA gene, and ITS-2, was PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced for Monocystis sp. isolated from the seminal vesicles of several wild-caught L. terrestris. Our analysis revealed substantial polymorphisms, also within single host organisms, indicating intra-host diversity of parasites. These genetic markers are the first that allow distinction of Monocystis sp. genotypes, opening new avenues for the study of parasite diversity within and between hosts.
Morphological characterization ofCryptosporidium parvumlife-cycle stages in anin vitromodel system
Authors: BOROWSKI H. , THOMPSON R. C. A. , ARMSTRONG T. , CLODE P. L. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYCryptosporidium parvumis a zoonotic protozoan parasite that mainly affects the ileum of humans and livestock, with the potential to cause severe enteric disease. We describe the complete life cycle ofC. parvumin anin vitrosystem. Infected cultures of the human ileocecal epithelial cell line (HCT-8) were observed over time using electron microscopy. Additional data are presented on the morphology, development and behavioural characteristics of the different life-cycle stages as well as determining their time of occurrence after inoculation. Numerous stages ofC. parvumand their behaviour have been visualized and morphologically characterized for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. Further, parasite-host interactions and the effect ofC. parvumon host cells were also visualized. An improved understanding of the parasite's biology, proliferation and interactions with host cells will aid in the development of treatments for the disease.
Developmental age, physical fitness andToxocaraseroprevalence amongst lower-secondary students living in rural areas contaminated withToxocaraeggs
Authors: JAROSZ W. , MIZGAJSKA-WIKTOR H. , KIRWAN P. , KONARSKI J. , RYCHLICKI W. , WAWRZYNIAK G. 
Published: August 2009

SUMMARYScarce and inconclusive information on general biological impact ofToxocarainvasion on paratenic hosts, and people in particular, has led us to undertake a comprehensive study of the problem. The study has been conducted in a rural environment, which is considered a toxocarosis risk factor. In total 200 soil samples have been screened forToxocaraeggs by flotation, of which 14·5% were positive. Backyards close to households were most heavily contaminated with infectious eggs – 21·7% of positive samples. ELISA serological tests performed on 242 lower-secondary students found 14·5% of the studied population to be definitely positive – 16·5% of boys and 12·8% of girls, respectively. The odds of being infected withToxocarawere 2 times (CI: 1·15–3·85) more likely for individuals who owned a cat than those who did not own a cat. Strong significant correlation between seropositivity and the presence of a dog in a household was found with boys. The level of developmental age was significantly higher in seropositive than in seronegative students. No significant correlation has been observed between the motor abilities and seropositivity of students. Seropositive boys had significantly lower end-of-year grades than their seronegative counterparts.
Sex differences in the developmental antecedents of aggression
Authors: Boden Joseph M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractArcher examines sex differences in aggression, and argues that these differences may be better explained by sexual selection theory than by social role theory. This commentary examines sex differences in the developmental antecedents of aggression and violence, and presents a preliminary framework for examining whether the observed sex differences amongst these developmental antecedents can also be accounted for by sexual selection theory.
Human sexual dimorphism, fitness display, and ovulatory cycle effects
Authors: Sefcek Jon A. , Sacco Donald F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSocial roles theorists claim that differences between the sexes are of limited consequence. Such misperceptions lead to misunderstanding the important role of sexual selection in explaining phenotypic differences both between species and within humans. Countering these claims, we explain how sexual dimorphism in humans affect expressions of artistic display and patterns of male and female aggression across the ovulatory cycle.
Development of sex differences in physical aggression: The maternal link to epigenetic mechanisms
Authors: Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractAs Archer argues, recent developmental data on human physical aggression support the sexual selection hypothesis. However, sex differences are largely due to males on a chronic trajectory of aggression. Maternal characteristics of these males suggest that, in societies with low levels of physical violence, females with a history of behavior problems largely contribute to maintenance of physical aggression sex differences.
Biophobia breeds unparsimonious exceptionalism
Authors: Gaulin Steven J. C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWith respect to aggressiveness it is not enough to say that humans are “like other mammals.” We resemble only those species where males have higher maximum reproductive rates than females. In such species males evolve a set of hormonally mediated competitive traits via sexual selection. Because humans match the predictions of this general evolutionary model, attempts to (re)explain men's aggressiveness in sociological terms are superfluous and misleading.
More holes in social roles
Authors: Kenrick Douglas T. , Griskevicius Vladas 
Published: August 2009

AbstractGiven the strength of Archer's case for a sexual selection account, he is too accommodating of the social roles alternative. We present data on historical changes in violent crime contradicting that perspective, and discuss recent evidence showing how an evolutionary perspective predicts sex similarities and differences responding in a flexible and functional manner to adaptively relevant triggers across different domains.
Sexual selection and social roles: Two models or one?
Authors: van den Berghe Pierre L. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractNothing is gained by opposing “sexual selection” and “social roles,” or by proclaiming the supremacy of one over the other. Instead, we should develop a unitary model of gene-culture coevolution, allowing for the complex interaction of both, and varying importance of each, all within our double, species-specific, adaptive, evolutionary track.
What kind of selection?
Authors: Campbell Anne 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSupporting a mediating role for fear in inhibiting female aggression, a recent study shows that aversion to “risky” impulsivity completely mediates the sex difference in direct aggression but not in angry acts where dangerous retaliation is unlikely. A more inclusive use of the term “sexual selection” to encompass reproductive advantage would recognise females' crucial role in nurturing and protecting offspring.
Sex differences in aggression: Origins and implications for sexual integration of combat forces
Authors: Browne Kingsley R. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractSex differences in aggressive and risk-taking behaviors have practical implications for sexual integration of military combat units. The social-role theory implies that female soldiers will adapt to their role and display the same aggressive and risk-taking propensities as their male comrades. If sex differences reflect evolved propensities, however, adoption of the soldier's role is unlikely to eliminate those differences.
Dominating versus eliminating the competition: Sex differences in human intrasexual aggression
Authors: Benenson Joyce F. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractArcher presents a traditional view of intrasexual competition. Knowledge of a species' social structure provides a more complete picture. Human males compete against individuals with whom they may cooperate later in inter-group aggression. By contrast, females compete against individuals for a mate's continued support. Females' aggression may aim at eliminating the competition, whereas males simply may attempt to dominate others.
Does sexual selection explain why human aggression peaks in early childhood?
Authors: Behme Christina 
Published: August 2009

AbstractArcher provides seemingly compelling evidence for his claim that sexual selection explains sex differences in human aggression better than social role theory. I challenge Archer's interpretation of some of this evidence. I argue that the same evidence could be used to support the claim that what has been selected for is theability to curbaggression and discuss implications for Archer's theory.
Ultimate and proximate influences on human sex differences
Authors: Bailey Drew H. , Oxford Jonathan K. , Geary David C. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractWe agree with Archer that human sex differences in aggression are well explained by sexual selection, but note that “social learning” explanations of human behaviors are not logically mutually exclusive from “evolutionary” explanations and therefore should not be framed as such. We discuss why this type of framing hinders the development of both social learning and evolutionary theories of human behavior.
Refining the sexual selection explanation within an ethological framework
Authors: Archer John 
Published: August 2009

AbstractMy response is organized into three sections. The first revisits the theme of the target article, the explanatory power of sexual selection versus social role theory. The second considers the range and scope of sexual selection, and its application to human sex differences. Two topics are examined in more detail: (1) the paternity uncertainty theory of partner violence; (2) evolution of inter-group aggression. Section 4 covers ultimate and proximal explanations and their integration within an ethological approach. I consider the development of sex differences in aggression, and their causal mechanisms, within this framework.
RETHINKING THE GREAT EARTHWORK OF TIKAL: A HYDRAULIC HYPOTHESIS FOR THE CLASSIC MAYA POLITY
Authors: Silverstein Jay E. , Webster David , Martinez Horacio , Soto Alvaro 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe earthworks of Tikal have long been understood as the most extensive example of defensive architecture in the Maya Lowlands, with the ditch and embankment seen as part of a system of defense anchoring the north and south territorial limits of Tikal to impassablebajoson its flanks. New survey and excavation data suggest that the extent and course of the earthworks are not consistent with the demarcation of the north and south limits of the polity, and that the morphology of the feature is not consistent with a well-conceived or finished defensive construction. Here we present a hypothetical model of the earthworks as a limestone filtration trench that could have been used to collect subsurface water to mitigate the effects of canicular drought or to support off-season agriculture.
OBSIDIAN BLADE PRODUCTION FOR CRAFT CONSUMPTION AT KAMINALJUYU
Authors: Heath Anderson J. , Hirth Kenneth G. 
Published: August 2009

AbstractThe interpretation of craft activity in Mesoamerica has been hindered by difficulties in recognizing and defining the archaeological signatures associated with obsidian blade production and consumption. Theoretical advances and experimental approaches have improved our understanding, but few studies have investigated the role of obsidian blade production in craft activity using empirical data from archaeological assemblages. The present study addresses this problem by presenting an analysis of obsidian flakes and blades recovered from a workshop refuse context at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala. Technological and use wear analyses suggest that core-shaping by-products in the form of irregular percussion and pressure blades were used in craft activity. Fine blades were underrepresented in the assemblage, suggesting that cores or blades left the workshop as finished goods. These analyses demonstrate that the actual behavior of artisans likely did not conform exactly to the dichotomous theoretical categories of production and consumption that archaeologists routinely use.
On the Random Satisfiable Process
Authors: KRIVELEVICH MICHAEL , SUDAKOV BENNY , VILENCHIK DAN 
Published: August 2009

In this work we suggest a new model for generating random satisfiablek-CNF formulas. To generate such formulas. randomly permute all$2^k\binom{n}{k}$possible clauses over the variablesx1,. . .,xn, and starting from the empty formula, go over the clauses one by one, including each new clause as you go along if, after its addition, the formula remains satisfiable. We study the evolution of this process, namely the distribution over formulas obtained after scanning through the firstmclauses (in the random permutation's order).Random processes with conditioning on a certain property being respected are widely studied in the context of graph properties. This study was pioneered by Ruciński and Wormald in 1992 for graphs with a fixed degree sequence, and also by Erdős, Suen and Winkler in 1995 for triangle-free and bipartite graphs. Since then many other graph properties have been studied, such as planarity andH-freeness. Thus our model is a natural extension of this approach to the satisfiability setting.Our main contribution is as follows. Form≥cn,c=c(k) a sufficiently large constant, we are able to characterize the structure of the solution space of a typical formula in this distribution. Specifically, we show that typically all satisfying assignments are essentially clustered in one cluster, and all bute−Ω(m/n)nof the variables take the same value in all satisfying assignments. We also describe a polynomial-time algorithm that finds w.h.p. a satisfying assignment for such formulas.
Severe tooth loss in older adults as a key indicator of compromised dietary quality
Authors: Savoca Margaret R , Arcury Thomas A , Leng Xiaoyan , Chen Haiying , Bell Ronny A , Anderson Andrea M , Kohrman Teresa , Frazier Rebecca J , Gilbert Gregg H , Quandt Sara A 
Published: August 2009

AbstractObjectivePoor oral health influences the dietary quality of older individuals. The objective of the present study was to relate the number of teeth to adherence to the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans among an ethnically diverse sample of older adults.DesignA block cluster design was used to obtain a sample of older adults. Data were weighted to census data for ethnicity and gender. Dietary intakes were assessed using an FFQ and converted into Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) scores.SettingTwo counties in North Carolina, USA, with large African-American and American Indian populations.SubjectsCommunity-dwelling older adults (N 635).ResultsThree hundred and twenty-six participants had severe tooth loss (0–10 teeth remaining), compared with 305 participants with 11+ teeth. After controlling for socio-economic factors, those with 0–10 teeth had lower total HEI-2005 scores and consumed less Total Fruit, Meat and Beans, and Oils, and more energy from Solid Fat, Alcohol and Added Sugar, compared with those with 11+ teeth. Less than 1 % of those with 0–10 teeth and 4 % of those with 11+ teeth met overall HEI-2005 recommendations. Those with 0–10 teeth were less likely to eat recommended amounts of Total Vegetables, Dark Green and Orange Vegetables, and energy from Solid Fat, Alcohol and Added Sugar.ConclusionsOlder adults with severe tooth loss are less likely than those with moderate to low tooth loss to meet current dietary recommendations. Nutrition interventions for older adults should take oral health status into consideration and include strategies that specifically address this as a barrier to healthful eating.
Polymerase chain reaction primers miss half of rRNA microbial diversity
Authors: Hong SunHee , Bunge John , Leslin Chesley , Jeon Sunok , Epstein Slava S 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
The rRNA approach is the principal tool to study microbial diversity, but it has important biases. These include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers bias, and relative inefficiency of DNA extraction techniques. Such sources of potential undersampling of microbial diversity are well known, but the scale of the undersampling has not been quantified. Using a marine tidal flat bacterial community as a model, we show that even with unlimited sampling and sequencing effort, a single combination of PCR primers/DNA extraction technique enables theoretical recovery of only half of the richness recoverable with three such combinations. This shows that different combinations of PCR primers/DNA extraction techniques recover in principle different species, as well as higher taxa. The majority of earlier estimates of microbial richness seem to be underestimates. The combined use of multiple PCR primer sets, multiple DNA extraction techniques, and deep community sequencing will minimize the biases and recover substantially more species than prior studies, but we caution that even this—yet to be used—approach may still leave an unknown number of species and higher taxa undetected.
TargetMiner: microRNA target prediction with systematic identification of tissue-specific negative examples
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra , Mitra Ramkrishna 
Published: August 2009

Abstract
Motivation: Prediction of microRNA (miRNA) target mRNAs using machine learning approaches is an important area of research. However, most of the methods suffer from either high false positive or false negative rates. One reason for this is the marked deficiency of negative examples or miRNA non-target pairs. Systematic identification of non-target mRNAs is still not addressed properly, and therefore, current machine learning approaches are compelled to rely on artificially generated negative examples for training.
Results: In this article, we have identified ∼300 tissue-specific negative examples using a novel approach that involves expression profiling of both miRNAs and mRNAs, miRNA–mRNA structural interactions and seed-site conservation. The newly generated negative examples are validated with pSILAC dataset, which elucidate the fact that the identified non-targets are indeed non-targets.These high-throughput tissue-specific negative examples and a set of experimentally verified positive examples are then used to build a system called TargetMiner, a support vector machine (SVM)-based classifier. In addition to assessing the prediction accuracy on cross-validation experiments, TargetMiner has been validated with a completely independent experimental test dataset. Our method outperforms 10 existing target prediction algorithms and provides a good balance between sensitivity and specificity that is not reflected in the existing methods. We achieve a significantly higher sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 67.8% based on a pool of 90 feature set and 76.5% and 66.1% using a set of 30 selected feature set on the completely independent test dataset.
In order to establish the effectiveness of the systematically generated negative examples, the SVM is trained using a different set of negative data generated using the method in Yousef et al. A significantly higher false positive rate (70.6%) is observed when tested on the independent set, while all other factors are kept the same. Again, when an existing method (NBmiRTar) is executed with the our proposed negative data, we observe an improvement in its performance. These clearly establish the effectiveness of the proposed approach of selecting the negative examples systematically.
Availability: TargetMiner is now available as an online tool at www.isical.ac.in/∼bioinfo_miu
Contact: sanghami@isical.ac.in; rmitra_t@isical.ac.in
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.