bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilirubin‐induced cell death during continuous and intermittent phototherapy and in the dark
Authors: Bruzell Roll Ellen 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To compare continuous and intermittent light exposure in the presence of bilirubin with respect to cellular damage. Furthermore, it was of interest to characterize the nature of cellular toxicity of bilirubin in the dark. Method: A murine lymphoma cell line, L5178Y‐R (LY‐R), was exposed to solutions of bilirubin (160 μM) supplemented with human serum albumin (200 μM) and irradiated with phototherapy light (Philips 20W/52) at a constant total dose of approximately 500 kJ/m2. The irradiation was given either as intermittent or continuous treatment with light of variable irradiance. The three lower irradiance levels were clinically relevant. Cells treated with bilirubin were also kept in the dark for various periods of time. Cell toxicity was determined by measuring apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotide transferase and propidium iodide staining assay, while trypan blue assay was used for detection of necrosis. Results: There was no difference (n=6, p>0.05) between continuous and intermittent irradiation in the induction of early and late apoptotic cell death. Necrosis was more pronounced after intermittent treatment. Bilirubin dark toxicity was observed and classified as both apoptotic and necrotic. Conclusion: Continuous and intermittent light exposure caused the same degree of apoptotic cell death, while the cells underwent more necrotic death after intermittent exposure. Bilirubin was cytotoxic in the dark by both cell death mechanisms.
Neighbourhood social and socio‐economic composition andinjury risks
Authors: Reimers Anne , Laflamme Lucie 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAim:To investigate whether social and socio‐economic characteristics of the population within a parish influence childhood injury.Methods:The study encompasses all children aged 0–15 y living in Stockholm County over the 3‐y period 1999–2001 (about 360 000 children per year), grouped into parish of residence (138 parishes). The effect of parish attributes on injury rate were analysed based on three indices (deprivation, socio‐economic status and social integration) derived by a factor analysis of 11 characteristics of the parishes' population, each index being split into three levels. Childhood injury resulting in at least one night of hospitalization during the period 1999–2001 was considered (n=5540) by index, and rate ratios were calculated for 12 injury causes using parishes forming the best level of the index as the reference group.Results:Higher levels of deprivation negatively influenced pedestrian injury rates, had a protective effect on other traffic‐related injuries, and negatively affected some other types of unintentional injuries. Higher concentrations of people with low socio‐economic status did not impact on the risk of traffic and fall injuries, but increased that of burns/scalds and cases of poisoning. Parishes with lower levels of social integration had significantly higher rates of bicycle‐ and moped‐related injuries, and also of self‐inflicted ones.Conclusion:Compositional characteristics of the population in a residential area affect injury to varying degrees and direction according to type of injury. The underlying mechanisms are likely to be specific to injury type.
Doppler ultrasonographic detection of nutcracker syndrome in a young child with intussusception: A case report
Authors: Il Shin Jae , Min Lee Soon , Min Park Jee , Ho Shin Youn , Seung Lee Jae , Joon Kim Myung 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report on a 2‐y‐old male with intussusception accompanying nutcracker syndrome detected by renal Doppler ultrasound. Renal Doppler ultrasound revealed a significant difference in the peak velocity between the hilar and aortomesenteric portions of the left renal vein. Conclusion: Renal Doppler ultrasound has been very useful and effective in detecting nutcracker syndrome in a young child.
On the clinical relevance of early deficits in critical linguistic functions
Authors: Lacerda Francisco 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe clinical significance of patterns of deficits in semantic and phonological representations observed by Miniscalco et al. is discussed in light of an ecological approach to language development. Conclusion: Deficits in semantic representations reflect problems in capturing the core linguistic referential function and should be taken as serious early warning signals for language delay.
Introduction of complementary food to infants within the first six months postpartum in rural Vietnam
Authors: Duong Dat V , Binns Colin W , Lee Andy H 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To document the introduction of complementary food and factors influencing the decision to feed infants with solid food within 6 mo postpartum in rural Vietnam. Methods: A longitudinal study of 463 women who gave birth during August–October 2002 was conducted. Results: An early introduction of complementary food was found, which increased from 16.4% at week 1 to 56.5% at week 16 and nearly 100% at week 24. Home‐cooked solid food was introduced by 4.8%, 40.9% and 74.3% of women at weeks 1, 16 and 24, respectively. Logistic regression analysis found that at week 24 postpartum, it was less likely for the infant to be fed with solid food if the mother was a farmer (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.18–0.95) and passed secondary school (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.10–0.54), whose husband was satisfied with the infant's sex (OR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.17–0.53), her mother‐in‐law preferred exclusive breastfeeding (OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.75), or her friends practised exclusive breastfeeding (OR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.16–1.10). However, infants were likely to be fed with solid food when their parents had higher income and lived independently (OR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.01–3.06). Conclusion: Community mobilization for sharing the workload with women could help them to cope with employment and breastfeeding.
Association between prenatal treatment and clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis in infancy: A cohort study in 13 European centres
Authors: Gras Luuk , Wallon Martine , Pollak Arnold , Cortina‐borja Mario , Evengard Birgitta , Hayde Michael , Petersen Eskild , Gilbert Ruth 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To determine the effectiveness of prenatal treatment for clinical manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis. Methods: We prospectively identified 255 live‐born infants with congenital toxoplasmosis using prenatal or neonatal screening. We determined the effect of prenatal treatment on the risks of intracranial or ocular lesions in infancy, accounting for gestational age at maternal seroconversion. Results: Prenatal treatment within 4 wk of seroconversion reduced the risk of intracranial lesions compared with no treatment (odds ratio, OR 0.28; 95% CI: 0.08–0.75), but there was no significant effect when initiated after 4 wk (OR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.35–1.59; overall p‐value 0.19). Compared to spiramycin alone, no treatment doubled the risk of intracranial lesions (OR 2.33; 95% CI: 1.04–5.50), but the risk did not differ with pyrimethamine‐sulphonamide treatment (overall p‐value 0.52). There was no consistent relationship between the type or timing of treatment and the risk of ocular lesions. Gestational age at maternal seroconversion was inversely associated with the risk of intracranial but not ocular lesions. Conclusion: Only early versus no prenatal treatment for intracranial lesions showed a statistically significant benefit. A large randomized controlled trial and/or meta‐analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies is required to confirm these findings.
Low incidence of adverse events following 90‐minute and 3‐minute infusions of intravenous iron sucrose in children on erythropoietin
Authors: Theodore Anbu Anbarasu , Kemp Timothy , O'donnell Kate , Smith Patricia A , Bradbury Mark G 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To define the adverse events following two different rates and methods of intravenous iron sucrose infusions in children with anaemia due to chronic renal impairment. Methods: Two prospective observational studies were undertaken to characterize the adverse events following iron sucrose administration in children with renal impairment and on erythropoietin. Between January 1999 and April 2003, 5 mg/kg of intravenous (IV) iron sucrose was given over 90 min and repeated 24 h later. Between May 2003 and September 2004, in children with better venous access, a single dose of 2 mg/kg of IV iron sucrose was administered over 3 min during an outpatient clinic visit and haemodialysis sessions. Following infusions, children were monitored for immediate and delayed adverse events. All such events were documented and dealt with appropriately. Test doses were not used. Results: A total of 870 infusions over 90 min were administered to 72 children. Three children developed abdominal pain. One child developed worsening of hypertension (not related to iron sucrose). Sixty‐five doses were administered over 3 min to 20 children, and six minor adverse events were documented. Conclusion: Although 90 min infusion is associated with fewer adverse events, no life‐threatening events were documented in either method.
Effects of tidal volume and positive end‐expiratory pressure during resuscitation of very premature lambs
Authors: Probyn Megan E , Hooper Stuart B , Dargaville Peter A , Mccallion Naomi , Harding Richard , Morley Colin J 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Background: Guidelines recommend neonatal resuscitation without controlling tidal volume or positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP). However, these may improve gas exchange, lung volume and outcome. Aim: To investigate resuscitation of very premature lambs with a Laerdal bag without PEEP versus volume guarantee ventilation with PEEP. Methods: Anaesthetized lambs (n=20) delivered at 125 d gestation were randomized to three groups receiving 15 min resuscitation: (1) Laerdal bag and no PEEP; (2) ventilation with a tidal volume of 5 ml/kg and 8 cm H2O PEEP; (3) ventilation with 10 ml/kg and 8 cm H2O PEEP. They were then all ventilated for 2 h with tidal volumes of 5 or 10 ml/kg, and 8 cm H2O PEEP. Ventilation parameters and blood gases were recorded. Results: Different tidal volumes affected PaCO2 within minutes, with 10 ml/kg causing severe hypocarbia. PEEP had little effect on PaCO2. Oxygenation improved significantly with PEEP of 8 cm H2O, irrespective of tidal volume. Conclusion: Very premature lambs can be resuscitated effectively using volume‐guarantee ventilation and PEEP. Tidal volumes affected PaCO2 within minutes but had little effect on oxygenation. PEEP halved the oxygen requirement compared with no PEEP. Resuscitating premature babies with controlled tidal volumes and PEEP might improve their outcome.
Being old‐for‐grade and drug use: Not such a clear connection
Authors: Surís Joan‐carles , Parera Núria 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To assess whether repeating a grade was associated with drug use among adolescents after controlling for personal, family and school‐related variables, and whether there were differences between students in mandatory and post‐mandatory school. Methods: Data were drawn from the Catalonia Adolescent Health Survey, a cross‐sectional study of in‐school adolescents aged 14–19 y. The index group included 366 subjects who were repeating a grade at the time the survey was carried out (old‐for‐grade, OFG). A control group matched by gender, school and being one grade ahead was randomly chosen among all the subjects who had never repeated a grade. All statistically significant variables in the bivariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis. In a second step, all analyses were repeated for students in mandatory (14–16 y) and post‐mandatory (17–19 y) school. Results: After controlling for background variables, subjects in the index group were more likely to perceive that most of their peers were using synthetic drugs and to have ever used them, to have bad grades and a worse relationship with their teachers. OFG students in mandatory school were more likely to have divorced parents, bad grades and have ever used synthetic drugs, whereas they were less likely to be regular drinkers. OFG students in post‐mandatory school were more likely to have below average grades, to be regular smokers and to perceive that most of their peers used synthetic drugs. Conclusions: When background variables are taken into consideration, the relationship between repeating a grade and drug use is not so clear. By increasing the familial and academic support of adolescents with academic underachievement, we could reduce their drug consumption.
Vitamin K status of preterm infants with a prolonged prothrombin time
Authors: Clarke Paul , Mitchell Simon J , Sundaram Shanmuga , Sharma Vibha , Wynn Robert , Shearer Martin J 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To investigate the vitamin K status of preterm infants who have a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) in the first month of life. Methods: Measures of vitamin K status were assessed in 21 preterm infants who were found to have an abnormal PT, despite 0.2–0.5 mg vitamin K1 prophylaxis at birth. Results: All infants had normal or supraphysiological vitamin K1 concentrations and undetectable or, in one infant, insignificant PIVKA‐II, indicating adequate vitamin K status. Conclusion: In preterm infants born at <32 wk gestation who received 0.2 mg vitamin K1 after delivery, a prolonged PT in the first month of life is unlikely to be due to vitamin K deficiency.
Interleukin‐13 is involved in the survival of children with sepsis
Authors: Blanco‐quirós Alfredo , Casado‐flores Juan , Garrote Adrados Jose A , Nieto Moro Monserrat , Asensio Antón Julia , Arranz Sanz Eduardo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractForty‐eight children with sepsis were studied. Interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) levels were lower in patients who died at admission (p=0.014) and at 6 h (p=0.037), and in patients with refractory shock at 0 (p=0.03) and particularly at 6 h (p=0.0009). IL‐13 levels did not correlate with other cytokines (IL‐1b, IL‐10, IL‐12, TNFr), CRP or neutrophil count. Low IL‐13 levels in the early hours of sepsis are associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: IL‐13, a Th‐2 cytokine fundamental in the pathogenesis of atopy, might also have a protective role against severe infections in children.
Congenital systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as hydrops fetalis
Authors: Lee Cheuk H , Lau Tze K , To Ka F , Lam Hugh S , Chan Anthony WH , Ng Pak C 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCongenital Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) encompasses a wide spectrum of disease involvement and severity. Congenital “self‐healing” cutaneous LCH represents one end of the spectrum, whereas the case we encountered represents the other extreme. A rare case of congenital LCH with severe multiorgan involvement presenting as hydrops fetalis is described in this report. Hydrops fetalis has not previously been associated with congenital LCH. The overall clinical features of this infant closely mimicked those of disseminated congenital infection, and he ran a fulminant and rapidly fatal course. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is required to diagnose congenital LCH in the early neonatal period. Hydrops fetalis is an ominous sign and probably reflects severe systemic disease compromising the well‐being of the fetus.
A case of macroprolactinoma and elevated insulin‐like growth factor‐I in a young boy
Authors: Eyal Ori , Naffaa Lena N , Elder Deborah A 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report a case of a 10‐y‐old boy who presented with persistent headache and was found to have a giant prolactinoma. Laboratory evaluation revealed markedly elevated prolactin (PRL) level, thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency, and elevated insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I). He had normal random growth hormone (GH) but non‐suppressible GH during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Cabergoline treatment was initiated and was well tolerated. Therapy successfully reduced PRL levels, normalized IGF‐I levels, and reduced tumor size. Conclusion: Our patient presented with a GH‐PRL‐secreting tumor. Dopamine agonists are recommended as the treatment of choice for prolactinomas. However, there should be careful attention to GH status when treating GH‐PRL‐secreting tumor with dopamine agonists alone. IGF‐I levels should be followed in all patients with prolactinoma, even in those with normal basal GH concentrations, because of the possibility of GH co‐secretion.
Faecal calprotectin in children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Bremner Alan , Roked Sohere , Robinson Rebecca , Phillips Ian , Beattie Mark 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aims: Faecal calprotectin, a neutrophil cytosolic protein, is raised in inflammatory bowel disease. We assessed this investigation in evaluating children with chronic intestinal symptoms. Methods: Stool samples from 100 children aged 5–17 years (referrals to the regional paediatric gastroenterology service) were tested using a commercially available kit. Results: Calprotectin was higher in inflammatory bowel disease than normal children (p<0.0001) or in those with functional constipation (p<0.0001). The overall specificity for organic bowel disorders was 85%. Calprotectin correlated with C‐reactive protein in inflammatory bowel disease (p=0.001), and clinical disease activity in ulcerative colitis (p=0.017), but not with disease activity in Crohn's disease. Conclusion: Raised faecal calprotectin should prompt further assessment in children with chronic intestinal symptoms, since an organic bowel disorder is likely. However, calprotectin cannot be regarded as a specific test for idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.
Polyarteritis nodosa presenting with a leg mass
Authors: Faller Gail , Kala Udai K , Hale Martin J 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report an unusual presentation of polyarteritis nodosa in a 2‐y‐old child. The child presented with a mass of the left leg adjacent to the calf, and the biopsy showed polyarteritis nodosa. Further investigations confirmed systemic features, and X‐rays showed a periosteal reaction. Conclusion: Childhood polyarteritis nodosa may present with a lower limb inflammatory mass.
Raynaud phenomena and migraine in two children: Inclusion within a family of related disorders
Authors: Besser Rachel EJ , Stern Colin MM 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWe report a case of two siblings with Raynaud phenomena and migraine, whose symptoms were successfully treated with pizotifen.Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case documenting the association between Raynaud phenomena and migraine in two siblings with a family history of Raynaud phenomena and ischaemic heart disease.
Effects of early intake of fruit or vegetables in relation to later asthma and allergic sensitization in school‐age children
Authors: Njå Frode , Nystad Wenche , Lødrup Carlsen Karin C , Hetlevik Øystein , Carlsen Kai‐Håkon 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To assess the associations between nutrition supplements in infancy and later asthma and allergy in school‐age children, and to explore the impact of environmental factors in early life. Methods: Five hundred and two children underwent clinical examination, skin prick test and a second parentally completed questionnaire within 2 y of a cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study, including 4585 primary school children (6–16 y old) in 1994 from urban Oslo (37%), the mountainous area of Hallingdal (42%), and the industrial, coastal area of Odda (21%). The children were selected from the 1994 survey on the basis of reported diagnosed asthma (n=166), wheeze in the last 12 mo (n=155) and no asthma/no wheeze (n=181). Questions were related to nutrition and environmental exposure in early life. Possible associations between allergic sensitization or asthma at school age and exposures were estimated by logistic regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Daily intake of fresh fruit or vegetables, but not extra vitamins or cod liver oil supplements, in infancy decreased the risk of asthma (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.57 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37–0.88). Early supplements of cod liver oil and extra vitamins were associated with increased allergic sensitization (aOR 1.78 (95% CI: 1.03–3.07) and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.01–2.88), respectively). A significantly higher prevalence of allergic sensitization was found in children living in Hallingdal compared to Odda, while the latter children, on the other hand, had the highest prevalence of house dust mite allergy ( p=0.001 vs Hallingdal and p=0.04 vs Oslo). Conclusion: The present study suggests that the early introduction of daily fresh fruit or vegetables may decrease the risk of asthma after 1 y of life, whereas allergic sensitization at school age seemed to increase with extra vitamin and cod liver oil supplements during infancy. Living area influenced allergic sensitization, with differences between coastal and inland areas.
Homeostatic role of IL‐7 in HIV‐1 infected children on HAART: Association with immunological and virological parameters
Authors: Resino S , Galán I , Correa R , Pajuelo Lucia , Bellón J MÁ , Muñoz‐Fernández Ma Á 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To investigate the role of IL‐7 in HIV‐infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its association with laboratory parameters related to disease progression. Patients and methods: A cross‐sectional study in 31 vertically HIV‐infected children (median age 8.4 y) treated with HAART, and a longitudinal study in four of those same children was carried out. In both studies, viral load, CD4+ T‐cell counts, thymic production of T cells by TCR rearrangement excision circles (TRECs), IL‐7 plasma levels and viral phenotype were determined. Results: IL‐7 levels were higher in HIV‐infected children than in age‐matched, uninfected controls. In addition, HIV children with CD4+ T cells between 200 and 500 T cells/mm3 had higher IL‐7 levels and lower TREC values than HIV‐infected children with CD4+ T cells >500 T cells/mm3. IL‐7 levels were higher in children with syncytium‐inducing (SI) phenotype than in those with non‐syncytium‐inducing (NSI) variants. During the follow‐up of four HIV children, the decrease in viral load after HAART was always associated with a recovery of CD4+ T cells and TRECs, which was followed by a decrease in IL‐7 returning to the levels present prior to the drop in CD4+ T cells. The four HIV‐infected children had SI/X4 isolates in PBMC before HAART, and the viral phenotype switched to NSI/R5 after HAART. Conclusion: Our data suggest that IL‐7 plays a key role in the maintenance of T‐cell homeostasis in HIV‐infected children on HAART, both through peripheral expansion and through a thymus‐dependent mechanism.