bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Regulation of the Endogenous Danger Signal Tenascin-C: A Novel Autocrine Loop in Inflammation
Authors: Goh Fui G. , Piccinini Anna M. , Krausgruber Thomas , Udalova Irina A. , Midwood Kim S. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Inappropriate expression of proinflammatory mediators underpins the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and tumor metastasis. The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C is an endogenous activator of innate immunity that promotes the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines via activation of TLR4. Little tenascin-C is observed in most healthy adult tissues, but expression is specifically upregulated at sites of inflammation. Moreover, high levels of tenascin-C are associated with chronic inflammation and found in the tumor stroma. In this study, we show that the expression of tenascin-C is induced in immune myeloid cells activated by a variety of inflammatory stimuli, including specific TLR ligands. Its synthesis is transcriptionally regulated and requires the specific activation of AKT/PI3K and NF-κB signaling pathways. Using a bioinformatic approach, we identified a large number of conserved noncoding regions throughout the tenascin-C genomic locus that may contribute to its transcriptional regulation during inflammation. We also demonstrate that tenascin-C expression is transient during acute inflammation. In contrast, persistently high levels of expression occur in the inflamed synovium of joints from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Thus, misregulated expression of this endogenous danger signal may promote an autocrine loop of inflammation and contribute to the persistence of inflammation in autoimmune diseases or to tumor egress and invasion during metastasis.
Anti-Inflammatory Role of the Murine Formyl-Peptide Receptor 2: Ligand-Specific Effects on Leukocyte Responses and Experimental Inflammation
Authors: Dufton Neil , Hannon Robert , Brancaleone Vincenzo , Dalli Jesmond , Patel Hetal B. , Gray Mohini , D’Acquisto Fulvio , Buckingham Julia C. , Perretti Mauro , Flower Roderick J. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The human formyl-peptide receptor (FPR)-2 is a G protein-coupled receptor that transduces signals from lipoxin A4, annexin A1, and serum amyloid A (SAA) to regulate inflammation. In this study, we report the creation of a novel mouse colony in which the murine FprL1 FPR2 homologue, Fpr2, has been deleted and describe its use to explore the biology of this receptor. Deletion of murine fpr2 was verified by Southern blot analysis and PCR, and the functional absence of the G protein-coupled receptor was confirmed by radioligand binding assays. In vitro, Fpr2−/− macrophages had a diminished response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe itself and did not respond to SAA-induced chemotaxis. ERK phosphorylation triggered by SAA was unchanged, but that induced by the annexin A1-derived peptide Ac2–26 or other Fpr2 ligands, such as W-peptide and compound 43, was attenuated markedly. In vivo, the antimigratory properties of compound 43, lipoxin A4, annexin A1, and dexamethasone were reduced notably in Fpr2−/− mice compared with those in wild-type littermates. In contrast, SAA stimulated neutrophil recruitment, but the promigratory effect was lost following Fpr2 deletion. Inflammation was more marked in Fpr2−/− mice, with a pronounced increase in cell adherence and emigration in the mesenteric microcirculation after an ischemia–reperfusion insult and an augmented acute response to carrageenan-induced paw edema, compared with that in wild-type controls. Finally, Fpr2−/− mice exhibited higher sensitivity to arthrogenic serum and were completely unable to resolve this chronic pathology. We conclude that Fpr2 is an anti-inflammatory receptor that serves varied regulatory functions during the host defense response. These data support the development of Fpr2 agonists as novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Stimulator of IFN Gene Is Critical for Induction of IFN-β during Chlamydia
muridarum Infection
Authors: Prantner Daniel , Darville Toni , Nagarajan Uma M. 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Type I IFN signaling has recently been shown to be detrimental to the host during infection with Chlamydia muridarum in both mouse lung and female genital tract. However, the pattern recognition receptor and the signaling pathways involved in chlamydial-induced IFN-β are unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated no role for TLR4 and a partial role for MyD88 in chlamydial-induced IFN-β. In this study, we demonstrate that mouse macrophages lacking TLR3, TRIF, TLR7, or TLR9 individually or both TLR4 and MyD88, still induce IFN-β equivalent to wild type controls, leading to the hypothesis that TLR-independent cytosolic pathogen receptor pathways are crucial for this response. Silencing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 in HeLa cells partially decreased chlamydial-induced IFN-β. Independently, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of the stimulator of IFN gene (STING) protein in HeLa cells and mouse oviduct epithelial cells significantly decreased IFN-β mRNA expression, suggesting a critical role for STING in chlamydial-induced IFN-β induction. Conversely, silencing of mitochondria-associated antiviral signaling proteins and the Rig-I–like receptors, RIG-I, and melanoma differentiation associated protein 5, had no effect. In addition, induction of IFN-β depended on the downstream transcription IFN regulatory factor 3, and on activation of NF-κB and MAPK p38. Finally, STING, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein, was found to localize in close proximity to the chlamydial inclusion membrane during infection. These results indicate that C. muridarum induces IFN-β via stimulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 pathway, and TLR- and Rig-I–like receptor-independent pathways that require STING, culminating in activation of IFN regulatory factor 3, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK.
Ottoman and Turkish Orientalism
Authors: Eldem Edhem 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSince the early decades of the 19th century, Turkey has undergone successive programmes of modernisation that have closely identified reform with Westernisation and its implied European ‘success and superiority’ over Turkish culture. Here Edhem Eldem reveals both the external and internal dynamic of Turkish Orientalism, which has proved such a complex multilayered process with an enduring influence on how Turkish society and elites view themselves today. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Story of Istanbul's Modernisation
Authors: Tekeli İlhan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSince reform started under Ottoman rule in the early 19th century, Istanbul has undergone a substantial period of modernisation that has spanned more than 150 years. İlhan Tekeli outlines the metropolis' enduring development, characterising Istanbul's transformation into a modern city into four distinct periods. It is a story that bridges the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the reconstruction of the Turkish Republic as a nation‐state, with the initial demise of the city in favour of Ankara; and continues with Istanbul regaining its status as a world city; as it evolves from a monstrous industrial city to an urban region and global centre. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing Cities with Design
Authors: Balcioğlu Tevfik , Baydar Gülsüm 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOver the last decade, design has come to be regarded as a powerful and conspicuous tool for transforming cities to global city status. This has largely focused on the commissioning of a handful of iconic buildings by foreign signature architects. Tevfik Balcioğlu and Gülsüm Baydar question the value of the ‘design city’ model for Istanbul as one that potentially privileges image over function, and spatial organisation and the novel over practical urban requirements, while overlooking social and environmental responsibility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jil Sander Boutique and Derek Lam Boutique, New York City
Authors: Merkel Jayne 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe recession devastating retail in most places is nowhere to be found in a recently shabby area of New York's SoHo, just north of Chinatown. Among a handful of new boutiques, galleries and at least one hot new restaurant are two recently opened shops that demonstrate the emerging interconnections between fashion and architectural design. Jayne Merkel explains that Jil Sander creative director Raf Simons, who is now designing the Jil Sander line, also designed the store that houses it and, a few doors away, the much lauded new designer Derek Lam selected one of his first customers, Kazuyo Sejima of SANAA, to design his first retail store. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local Structure of Layered Oxide Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bareño J. , Lei C. H. , Wen J. G. , Kang S.‐H. , Petrov I. , Abraham D. P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLi‐ion batteries are promising candidates for electrical energy storage in applications ranging from portable electronics to hybrid and electric vehicles. In this context, layered compounds in the Li1+δ(TMxMn1‐x)1‐δO2 family (TM = transition metal) have received much attention due to their high capacity and stability. In this Research News article we describe recent advances on structural characterization of Li‐ion electrode materials using state‐of‐the‐art electron microscopy. Direct evidence of the monoclinic nature of Li2MnO3 has been provided. It has been demonstrated that differences in Z‐contrast imaging between Li2MnO3 and LiTMO2 may be used to screen samples for phase separation in the 10–100 nm scale.
Mechanistic Insights into Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloadditions using Continuous Flow Conditions
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Goessler Walter , Pilger Christian , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC, “click chemistry”) was studied employing copper‐in‐charcoal (Cu/C) and a variety of copper metal sources as “heterogeneous” catalysts. The type and pretreatment conditions of the different copper sources on the CuAAC were investigated. In addition, the effect of copper leaching from the catalyst over time and in dependence on the reaction mixture composition was studied by ICP‐MS analysis in the continuous flow mode. These investigations confirm a “homogeneous” mechanism and suggest surface layer copper(I) oxide as the catalytically active species in CuAAC chemistry involving zerovalent copper metal.
A Novel Strategy for the Construction of Functionalized 1,5‐ Benzodiazepines via a Tandem Conjugated Addition/Cyclization Process
Authors: Li Jian , Li Shaoyu , Li Chunju , Liu Yuejin , Jia Xueshun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA novel approach for the synthesis of functionalized 1,5‐benzodiazepine is described. The protocol is triggered by a tandem conjugated addition/cyclization process from the readily available starting materials 1,2‐phenylenediamine and ethyl propiolate. The products have secondary amino and ester groups, and a β‐enamino ester, which can serve in further functionalizations to produce molecular diversity.
Formation and catalytic performance of supported ni nanoparticles via self‐reduction of hybrid NiAl‐LDH/C composites
Authors: Xiang Xu , Bai Lu , Li Feng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the present work, hybrid NiAl‐layered double hydroxide/carbon (LDH/C) composites with adjustable compositions were successfully assembled by crystallization of LDH in combination with carbonization of glucose under hydrothermal conditions, and further utilized as an integrated catalyst for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) of acetylene. The materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, SEM, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectra, and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the supported Ni nanoparticles with the small crystallite size of about 10 nm could be obtained by in situ self‐reduction of as‐assembled hybrid LDH/C composites in the course of CCVD. The carbon in the hybrid structure as a reducing agent played a key role for the high dispersion of resulting Ni nanoparticles. Furthermore, the Ni nanoparticles obtained here exhibited excellent activity for catalytic growth of CNTs, which could be delicately tuned by varying the compositions of hybrid composites. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Hydrothermal conversion of carbohydrate biomass to lactic acid
Authors: Yan Xiuyi , Jin Fangming , Tohji Kazuyuki , Kishita Atsushi , Enomoto Heiji 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe investigated the hydrothermal conversion of the carbohydrates including glucose, cellulose, and starch to lactic acid using NaOH and Ca(OH)2 as alkaline catalysts. Both catalysts significantly promoted the lactic acid formation. The highest yield of lactic acid from glucose was 27% with 2.5 M NaOH and 20% with 0.32 M Ca(OH)2 at 300°C for 60 s. The lactic acid yields from cellulose and starch were comparable with the yield from glucose with 0.32 M Ca(OH)2 at 300°C, but the reaction time in the case of cellulose was 90 s. The mechanism of lactic acid formation from glucose was discussed by identifying the intermediate products. Lactic acid may be formed via the formation of aldoses of two to four carbons including aldose of three carbons, which are all formed by reverse aldol condensation and double bond rule of hexose. This implies that carbon–carbon cleavage occurs at not only C3C4 but also at C2C3. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Brain–computer interfacing based on cognitive control
Authors: Vansteensel Mariska J. , Hermes Dora , Aarnoutse Erik J. , Bleichner Martin G. , Schalk Gerwin , van Rijen Peter C. , Leijten Frans S. S. , Ramsey Nick F. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveBrain–computer interfaces (BCIs) translate deliberate intentions and associated changes in brain activity into action, thereby offering patients with severe paralysis an alternative means of communication with and control over their environment. Such systems are not available yet, partly due to the high performance standard that is required. A major challenge in the development of implantable BCIs is to identify cortical regions and related functions that an individual can reliably and consciously manipulate. Research predominantly focuses on the sensorimotor cortex, which can be activated by imagining motor actions. However, because this region may not provide an optimal solution to all patients, other neuronal networks need to be examined. Therefore, we investigated whether the cognitive control network can be used for BCI purposes. We also determined the feasibility of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for noninvasive localization of the cognitive control network.MethodsThree patients with intractable epilepsy, who were temporarily implanted with subdural grid electrodes for diagnostic purposes, attempted to gain BCI control using the electrocorticographic (ECoG) signal of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).ResultsAll subjects quickly gained accurate BCI control by modulation of gamma‐power of the left DLPFC. Prelocalization of the relevant region was performed with fMRI and was confirmed using the ECoG signals obtained during mental calculation localizer tasks.InterpretationThe results indicate that the cognitive control network is a suitable source of signals for BCI applications. They also demonstrate the feasibility of translating understanding about cognitive networks derived from functional neuroimaging into clinical applications. ANN NEUROL 2010
Sodium intake and intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infant
Authors: Barnette Alan R. , Myers Brian J. , Berg Carly S. , Inder Terrie E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveHypernatremia is associated with intracranial hemorrhage in term infants. The etiology of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants is multifactorial. We aimed to characterize the associations between sodium intake, hypernatremia, and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.MethodsThe charts of 722 preterm infants with a birth weight ≤1.5kg admitted to a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit from 2002 to 2006 were retrospectively reviewed for daily sodium and fluid intake, weight loss, serum sodium concentrations, gender, gestational age, pneumothorax, hyper‐ or hypocarbia, severity of illness, and cranial imaging. A multivariate logistic model was used to adjust for risk factors and determine associations between sodium intake, hypernatremia, and intraventricular hemorrhage.ResultsGrade II to IV intraventricular hemorrhage was associated with increased sodium intake on each of the first 3 days following birth. The association remained after controlling for gestational age, severity of illness, respiratory factors, and gender. The association of high sodium intake with intraventricular hemorrhage was of similar magnitude to traditionally recognized risk factors such as pneumothorax.InterpretationIncreasing intake of sodium appears to be a modifiable risk factor for intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants. ANN NEUROL 2010;67:817–823
Nanoparticulate Functional Materials
Authors: Goesmann Helmut , Feldmann Claus 
Published: January 2010

AbstractNanoparticulate functional materials offer manifold perspectives for the increasing miniaturization and complexity of technical developments. Nanoparticles also make a major contribution to utilization of materials that is sparing of natural resources. Besides these obvious aspects, however, the importance of nanoparticles is due to their fundamentally novel properties and functions. These include photonic crystals and efficient luminophors, single particles and thin films for electronic storage media and switching elements, magnetic fluids and highly selective catalysts, a wide variety of possibilities for surface treatments, novel materials and concepts for energy conversion and storage, contrast agents for molecular biology and medical diagnosis, and fundamentally novel forms and structures of materials, such as nanocontainers and supercrystals. Creating high‐quality nanoparticles requires that numerous parameters, involving the particle core and surface, colloidal properties, and particle deposition, are taken into consideration during synthesis of the material. An appropriate characterization and evaluation of the properties requires the incorporation of a wide range of expertise from widely differing areas. These circumstances are what challenges and appeals to the nanoscientist.
Studies on shrinkage, depth of cure, and cytotoxic behavior of novel organically modified ceramic based dental restorative resins
Authors: Lizymol P. P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPolymerization shrinkage, depth of cure, and in vitro cytotoxic behavior of dental restorative composite based on inorganic–organic hybrid (organically modified ceramic) resins, containing alkoxides of silicone, calcium, and titanium with various polymeric methacrylate groups were evaluated in this study. Comparison was made between dimethacrylate and tetra methacrylate resins. Statistical evaluation using analysis of variance (single factor) showed that tetramethacrylate organically modified ceramic resin‐based composites showed better shrinkage properties. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Compared to dimethacrylates, tetramethacrylates based composites showed lower depth of cure value. Cytotoxicity characteristics of these composites were mainly depending on the nature of inorganic material incorporated rather than difference in dimethacrylate or tetramethacrylate structure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Effect of poly(methyl methacrylate) addition on the dielectric and energy storage properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)
Authors: Meng Qingjie , Li Wenjing , Zheng Yuansuo , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was introduced into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) via a solution blending process, and a series of PVDF/PMMA blends were obtained in an effort to reduce the energy loss of pure PVDF. The effects of the composition and thermal treatment on the properties of the polymer blends were carefully studied. The results show that the introduction of PMMA led to a lower crystallinity and a smaller crystal size of PVDF for its dilution effect. As a result, the dielectric constant and energy storage density of the polymer blends were slightly reduced. Meanwhile, the phase transition of the PVDF crystals from the α phase to the β phase happened during the quenching of the blend melt to ice–water; this was also observed in the untreated or annealed blends with PMMA contents over 50 wt %. Compared with the α‐PVDF, the PVDF crystals in the β phase possessed a lower melting temperature, a higher dielectric constant, and a lower dielectric loss. The addition of PMMA reduced the energy loss of PVDF significantly, whereas the energy storage density decreased slightly. The optimized blend film with about 40 wt % PMMA and PVDF in the β phase showed a relative high energy storage density and the lowest energy loss. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and self‐assembly of polyaniline nanorods and their application as electroactive actuators
Authors: Kim Seong Hun , Oh Kyung Wha , Choi Ji Hyoung 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo improve the performance of ion‐exchange polymer–metal composite (IPMC) actuators, an electrical pathway material for enhancing the surface adhesion between the membrane and the metal electrodes of the IPMC was studied. As an efficient electrical pathway material, polyaniline nanorods (PANI‐NRs) doped with p‐toluene sulfonic acid (TSA) were synthesized with a template‐free method. The factors affecting polyaniline morphology were studied with various dopant concentrations and oxidant feeding rates. Highly conductive PANI‐NRs were formed when they were synthesized with ammonium persulfate at a 5.0 mL/min oxidant feeding rate and doped with 0.125M TSA. The conductivity of the PANI‐NRs was 1.15 × 10−1 S/cm, and their diameters and lengths were 120–180 nm and 0.6–2 μm, respectively. To apply the membrane as an actuator, perfluorosulfonated ionomer (Nafion)/PANI‐NR blends were prepared by solution blending and casting. The actuating ability of the three‐layered membrane consisting of Nafion/PANI‐NR blends was then examined and compared with that of Nafion only. The actuating ability of the IPMC was improved when Nafion/PANI‐NRs were used as electrical pathways. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Gelatin‐g‐poly(methyl methacrylate)/silver nanoparticle hybrid films and the evaluation of their antibacterial activity
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Xiaoheng , Wang Xin , Yang Jiazhi , Yang Xu‐Jie , Lu Lude 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe designed and prepared novel hybrid films of nanoparticles consisting of gelatin‐g‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/silver (Ag) polymers with ordered nanoporous, higher antibacterial activities. First, the gelatin‐grafted PMMA microspheres were fabricated with the in situ copolymerization of gelatin and alkenes under radical initiation, which acted as a stabilizer and regulator for Ag nanoparticle growth. Then, silver nitrate was entrapped in a copolymerization system at 40°C for 30 min. Finally, the gelatin‐g‐PMMA/Ag polymer hybrid films were prepared by the reduction of Ag+ with hydrazine, followed by emulsion solidification. The antibacterial activities of the gelatin‐g‐PMMA/Ag polymer hybrid films against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were found with the disc diffusion method and colony count assays to be clear and lasting. In this study, our work not only presented a good example of a nanoporous antibacterial film material but also provided a facile method for making use of gelatin and metal/inorganic self‐assemble properties in graft copolymerization to prepare functional polymer hybrids, such as antibacterial, antithrombogenic, and dot‐quantum effect materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010