bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone synthesized in cultured human SZ95 sebocytes derives mainly from dehydroepiandrosterone
Authors: Chen WenChieh , Tsai Shaw‐Jenq , Sheu Hamm‐Ming , Tsai Jih‐Chien , Zouboulis Christos C. 
Published: March 2010

Please cite this paper as: Testosterone synthesized in cultured human SZ95 sebocytes derives mainly from dehydroepiandrosterone. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 470–472.Abstract:  Human sebaceous gland possesses all the steroidogenic enzymes required for androgen synthesis. It remains unclear whether the testosterone produced in situ mainly derives from circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) or from de novo synthesis utilizing serum cholesterol. Using testosterone radioimmunoassay, we found that testosterone was barely detectable in the supernatant of cultured human SZ95 sebocytes when cholesterol was added alone, indicating a low basal expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in SZ95 cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin and fibroblast growth factor‐9 were as potent as forskolin in activating StAR to enhance testosterone production, while interleukin‐1β, dexamethasone, insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 showed no stimulatory effect. A two‐fold increase of testosterone production was observed in supplementation of DHEA as compared to pregnenolone, progesterone or 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone. Based on our findings, testosterone synthesized in cultured sebocytes derived mainly from DHEA and inhibition of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase may be a new target of androgen suppression for acne treatment.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of catechin on cultured human dental pulp cells affected by bacteria‐derived factors
Authors: Nakanishi Tadashi , Mukai Kayo , Yumoto Hiromichi , Hirao Kouji , Hosokawa Yoshitaka , Matsuo Takashi 
Published: March 2010

Nakanishi T, Mukai K, Yumoto H, Hirao K, Hosokawa Y, Matsuo T. Anti‐inflammatory effect of catechin on cultured human dental pulp cells affected by bacteria‐derived factors. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 145–150. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral SciCatechins (bioactive polyphenols in green tea) are known to exhibit potent anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the anti‐inflammatory effects of catechins on inflamed dental pulp tissue are not known. In this study, we investigated the effect of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), the major components of green tea catechins, on the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in human dental pulp cells stimulated with bacteria‐derived factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PG). The expression of interleukin (IL)‐6 and of IL‐8 was examined using the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) on dental pulp cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. The presence of EGCG and ECG significantly reduced, in a concentration‐dependent manner, the expression of IL‐6 and IL‐8 in dental pulp cells exposed to LPS or PG. Increased expression of ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 on the dental pulp cells in response to bacterial components was also decreased by treatment with EGCG and ECG. These findings suggest that green tea catechins may prevent the exacerbation of pulpitis.
Induction of invasion in an organotypic oral cancer model by CoCl2, a hypoxia mimetic
Authors: Brusevold Ingvild J. , Husvik Camilla , Schreurs Olav , Schenck Karl , Bryne Magne , Søland Tine M. 
Published: March 2010

Brusevold IJ, Husvik C, Schreurs O, Schenck K, Bryne M, Søland TM. Induction of invasion in an organotypic oral cancer model by CoCl

2

, a hypoxia mimetic. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 168–176. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci Invasion is a hallmark of malignancy. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro model that can be used for experimental studies of cancer cell invasion. The organotypic oral cancer model was constructed by growing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells on a collagen matrix in which normal human fibroblasts were incorporated. Immunohistochemical staining of the model showed that the expression of invasion‐related molecules such as phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (p‐ERK1/2), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), p75NTR, and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met) was similar to that seen in OSCC. Treatment of the model with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to mimic hypoxic conditions increased cancer cell invasion, defined as the appearance of cancer cell islands protruding into the matrix. Models treated with CoCl2 showed increased expression of p75NTR and laminin‐5 in the cancer cells, and a more pronounced fragmentation of collagen IV in the basal membrane area, in contrast to models that were left untreated. The results indicate that the present model is well suited for studies on cancer cell invasion in the matrix and that the addition of CoCl2 on day 3 of the experiment is indicated because it markedly increases the invasion and improves the model.
H i 21 cm opacity fluctuations power spectra towards Cassiopeia A
Authors: Roy Nirupam , Chengalur Jayaram N. , Dutta Prasun , Bharadwaj Somnath 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
The angular power spectrum of Hi 21 cm opacity fluctuations is a useful statistic for quantifying the observed opacity fluctuations as well as for comparing these with theoretical models. We present here the Hi 21cm opacity fluctuation power spectrum towards the supernova remnant Cas A from interferometric data with spacial resolution of 5arcsec and spectral resolution of 0.4 km s−1. The power spectrum has been estimated using a simple but robust visibility-based technique. We find that the power spectrum is well fitted by a power law Pτ(U) =Uα with a power-law index of α∼−2.86 ± 0.10 (3σ error) over the scales of 0.07–2.3 pc for the gas in the Perseus spiral arm and 0.002–0.07 pc (480–15730 au) for that in the local arm. This estimated power-law index is consistent with earlier observational results based on both Hi emission over larger scales and absorption studies over a similar range of scales. We do not detect any statistically significant change in the power-law index with the velocity width of the frequency channels. This constrains the power-law index of the velocity structure function to be β= 0.2 ± 0.6 (3σ error).
Cardio‐respiratory reflexes evoked by phenylbiguanide in rats involve vagal afferents which are not sensitive to capsaicin
Authors: Dutta A. , Deshpande S. B. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAim: Stimulation of pulmonary C fibre receptors by phenylbiguanide (PBG, 5‐HT3agonist) produces hypotension, bradycardia and tachypnoea or apnoea. However, tachypnoeic or apnoeic responses are not consistent. Therefore, this study was undertaken to delineate the actions of PBG on respiration and compared with those evoked by capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist).Methods: Blood pressure, respiratory excursions and ECG were recorded in urethane anaesthetized adult rats. The effect of PBG or capsaicin was evaluated before and after ondansetron (5‐HT3antagonist), capsazepine (TRPV1 antagonist) or bilateral vagotomy. In addition, their effect on vagal afferent activity was also evaluated.Results: Bolus injection of PBG produced concentration‐dependent (0.1–100 μg kg−1) hypotensive and bradycardiac responses, while there was tachypnoea at lower concentrations (0.1–3 μg kg−1) and apnoea at higher concentrations (10–100 μg kg−1). After vagotomy or after exposure to ondansetron both tachypnoeic and apnoeic responses were abolished along with cardiovascular responses. However, capsazepine (3 mg kg−1) did not block the PBG‐induced reflex responses. Capsaicin (0.1–10 μg kg−1), on the other hand, produced a concentration‐dependent apnoea, hypotension and bradycardia but tachypnoea was not observed. Ondansetron failed to block the capsaicin‐induced reflex response while bilateral vagotomy abolished bradycardiac and hypotensive responses and attenuated the apnoeic response. In another series, vagal afferent activity and cardio‐respiratory changes evoked by PBG were blocked by ondansetron. However, capsaicin failed to activate the PBG‐sensitive vagal afferents even though cardio‐respiratory alterations were observed.Conclusions: The present observations indicate that PBG produced tachypnoea at a lower concentration and apnoea at a higher concentration involving vagal afferents which are different from those excited by capsaicin.
Early Views of Paradise in Islam
Authors: Rustomji Nerina 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis article presents the early history of the faith in Islamic Paradise (al‐jannaor the Garden) from the seventh to the 12th centuryce. The focus of the article is to trace three major stages in the developing doctrine of the Islamic afterlife: doctrinal innovation in the Qur’an and early biography of the prophet Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), elaboration in traditions of the prophet (hadiths), and formalization in eschatological manuals. While providing an introductory survey of the afterworld, the author also considers some of the textual problems and ensuing controversies that have arisen in the field of Islamic history.
The Religious Dimensions of Sustainability: Institutional Religions, Civil Society, and International Politics since the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Johnston Lucas 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBeginning with the first wave of environmentalism in North America and Europe around the turn of the 20th century, this article briefly characterizes the emergence and globalization of the idea of sustainable resource management, and later sustainable development and sustainability, focusing specifically on the religious dimensions of these social movements. Religious ideation, language, imagery, and metaphor have been important in the ways that sustainability has been framed in the public sphere, particularly in the past one hundred years. Interestingly, it is through the medium of these spiritualized public discourses that disparate, affectively oriented sustainability narratives contact each other and sometimes cross‐pollinate. Manifestations of sustainability and sustainable development discourse from the global North intersect the religious dimensions of sustainability discourse deployed by indigenous and other marginalized cultures, which have advanced their own understandings of such terms and their own constitutive values. In such cases, sustainability discourse is both decidedly religious and highly political.
Profile Likelihood and Incomplete Data
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei 
Published: March 2010

Summary According to the law of likelihood, statistical evidence is represented by likelihood functions and its strength measured by likelihood ratios. This point of view has led to a likelihood paradigm for interpreting statistical evidence, which carefully distinguishes evidence about a parameter from error probabilities and personal belief. Like other paradigms of statistics, the likelihood paradigm faces challenges when data are observed incompletely, due to non‐response or censoring, for instance. Standard methods to generate likelihood functions in such circumstances generally require assumptions about the mechanism that governs the incomplete observation of data, assumptions that usually rely on external information and cannot be validated with the observed data. Without reliable external information, the use of untestable assumptions driven by convenience could potentially compromise the interpretability of the resulting likelihood as an objective representation of the observed evidence. This paper proposes a profile likelihood approach for representing and interpreting statistical evidence with incomplete data without imposing untestable assumptions. The proposed approach is based on partial identification and is illustrated with several statistical problems involving missing data or censored data. Numerical examples based on real data are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.
Gender and Race in the History of Housing Policy and Research: From Industrialization to Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Reid Megan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis study examines how gender and race have shaped housing policy and research. In it, I analyze the history of housing policies and practices in the United States. Concurrently, I analyze the academic literature related to housing throughout these same time periods to understand issues relating to women, race, and housing. The primary goal of this article is to understand how intersecting oppressions have disadvantaged various groups of women, especially poor women of color, in the realm of housing. This study also provides a context for examining the problematic housing policies that were developed for those affected by Hurricane Katrina, who were predominately poor people of color. The widespread housing problems faced by Katrina survivors revealed a significant mismatch between housing policies and the needs of populations marginalized by gender, race, and class. I conclude with a call for a renewed consideration of housing issues among gender and race sociologists, and recommendations for studying post‐Katrina housing policies.
Immunoregulation in TB: Observations and Implications
Authors: Ellner Jerrold J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRegulation of the immune response during active tuberculosis (TB) has been partly deciphered. In pulmonary TB there is transient systemic immunosuppression due to overexpression of transforming growth factor beta and interleukin‐10. This is superimposed on a primary T‐cell defect. Locally there is intense inflammation (lung, pleural fluid) with overexpression of immunosuppressive factors (bronchoalveolar lavage) and extensive apoptosis. These observations suggest that immune therapies should be aimed at neutralizing the negative regulatory factors rather than accentuating an already intense immune response. Also a partially effective vaccine carries the potential risk of exacerbating disease. Clin Trans Sci 2010; Volume 3: 23–28
The first family‐based breeding program in aquaculture
Authors: Gjedrem Trygve 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIndividual selection for growth rate has been practised for aquatic species for many years. However, the use of a small number of breeders without records of parentage frequently results in inbreeding depression. AKVAFORSK began the first ever family‐based breeding program in aquaculture in 1975 for Atlantic salmon in Norway. The first steps of the program involved estimating the phenotypic and genetic parameters of economically important traits and generating a base population by crossing wild salmon strains. As information on quantitative genetics for salmon was not available, the breeding program started by selecting for body weight. As information was gathered, other traits such as age at sexual maturation, disease resistance and product quality were added to the selection index. The salmon industry was invited to participate in the breeding program, which has been managed by Aqua Gen AS since 1993. The genetic gain achieved has been estimated at approximately 14% per generation with a global benefit/cost ratio estimated at 15/1.
Demand for aquaculture development: perspectives from Bangladesh for improved planning
Authors: Dey Madan M. , Alam Md F. , Bose Manik L. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecently there has been a paradigm shift in the focus of aquaculture planning from a top‐down to a demand‐driven approach. Demand‐driven planning for aquaculture development emphasizes that aquaculture development must meet the needs and priorities of stakeholders, and requires processing vast amounts of information ranging from opinions and verbalized needs from primary stakeholders to quantitative data on demand from various stakeholders. However, such an approach is rarely adopted in aquaculture development. In this review, the demand for aquaculture in Bangladesh from different stakeholders, based on an extensive literature review supplemented with an analysis of primary and secondary data, is presented. The analysis shows that gaps persist between the fish yields obtained at research stations and in farmers’ fields and that inefficiency exists among aquaculture operators in Bangladesh. Fish farmers need better technology and enabling environments to reduce yield losses and to improve efficiency in production. Aquaculture planners and policymakers also need to consider demand from different consumer groups at home and abroad.
Effects of nutrition on larval growth and survival in bivalves
Authors: Marshall Robert , McKinley Scott , Pearce Christopher M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis review examines the nutritional factors that influence the growth and survival of larval bivalves. Factors considered include feed form (live phytoplankton, preserved phytoplankton and artificial feeds) and feed biochemical composition (protein, lipid, carbohydrate and essential fatty acids). These factors, as they relate to larval production, are discussed in terms of growth and survival rates. To facilitate comparisons among larval studies, growth rates and feeding rates are standardized to common units. In addition, the standardized results for larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) are analysed using linear regression techniques to determine the strength of the correlations between daily doses of biochemical feed components and daily growth rates. Piecewise linear spline modelling is used to determine maximum effective dose response, the point where feeding additional biochemical components to the larvae yields no significant improvements in growth. Derived from these analyses are suggested daily rations of lipid, protein, carbohydrate, eicosapentanoic acid, docosahexanoic acid and energy for larvae of C. gigas.
Configuration of redox gradient determines magnetotactic polarity of the marine bacteria MO‐1
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Jia , Chen Chuanfang , Li Ying , Song Tao , Wu Long‐Fei 
Published: March 2010

SummaryMagnetotactic bacteria are capable of aligning and swimming along the geomagnetic field lines; such a behaviour is called magnetotaxis. Previous studies reported that bacteria in the northern hemisphere migrate preferentially towards the North Pole of the Earth's magnetic field (north‐seeking, NS), whereas those in the southern hemisphere swim towards the South Pole (south‐seeking, SS). The orientated swimming is thought to guide bacteria migrating downward to the favourable microaerobic or anaerobic regions in stratified water column or sediments. Recent identification of SS populations in northern hemisphere challenged the model of the adaptive value of magnetotaxis. To seek explanation for the apparent discrepancy, we analysed magnetotaxis polarity of axenic cultures under simulated growth conditions in hypomagnetic, northern‐hemisphere‐like or southern‐hemisphere‐like magnetic fields. We found that NS and SS cells could obviously coexist in hypomagnetic field and even, when the oxidation‐reduction gradient configuration is suitable, in the geomagnetic field. These results reveal the selectivity of the redox gradient configuration on magnetotactic polarity of the cells and reconcile the discrepancy of the early reports.
Monoclonal Gammopathy Associated With Naturally Occurring Canine Ehrlichiosis
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Woody Benny J. , Zerbe Carole A. , De Buysscher Edward V. , Barta Ota 
Published: March 2010

Clinical, hematologic, and immunologic findings for 14 dogs withEhrlichia canismonoclonal gammopathy were studied retrospectively. Epistaxis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and proteinuria were documented in the majority of these dogs. The serum protein electrophoresis pattern was characterized by a distinct narrow‐base monoclonal spike, by a broad‐base monoclonal spike, or by a monoclonal spike superimposed on a polyclonal gammopathy. The monoclonal spike disappeared following tetracycline treatment for ehrlichiosis. The long‐term prognosis following treatment was generally good.The diagnostic features of monoclonal gammopathy due to myeloma were compared with those ofE. canismonoclonal gammopathy. Owing to numerous similarities in clinical, hematologic, and immunologic findings, we conclude that anE. canisantibody titer should be determined in all dogs in which a diagnosis of benign monoclonal gammopathy is contemplated or definitive evidence of myeloma, leukemia, or macroglobulinemia is lacking.
Preliminary Results of Clinical Renal Allograft Transplantation in the Dog and Cat
Authors: Gregory C. R. , Gourley I. M. , Taylor N. J. , Broaddus T. W. , Olds R. B. , Patz J. D. 
Published: March 2010

Renal allograft transplantation was performed as treatment for terminal renal failure in six veterinary patients. Three patients failed to survive the postsurgical period, one patient died due to acute allograft rejection, one patient died subsequent to complications of previous parenteral hyperalimentation and infection, and one patient was euthanatized due to the inability of the clients to maintain the effort necessary to manage a transplant recipient.Further clinical studies are necessary to determine if renal transplantation with cyclosporine (cyclosporin A)/prednisolone immunosuppression has the potential to provide practical treatment of terminal renal disease in clinical veterinary medicine. Pharmacologic and immunologic monitoring of transplant recipients with individualized immunosuppression is imperative. Careful surveillance is necessary to identify and eliminate nosocomial sources of infection. Candidates for transplantation cannot be critically ill or malnourished prior to surgery, and pet owners must be prepared for the financial and time commitments associated with caring for a renal allograft recipient.
Efficacy of Azathioprine Versus Cyclosporine on Kidney Graft Survival in Transfused and Nontransfused Ummatched Mongrel Dogs
Authors: Finco Delmar R. , Rawlings Clarence A. , Crowell Wayne A. , Brown Scott A. , Barsanti Jeanne A. 
Published: March 2010

Sixteen mongrel dogs had bilateral nephrectomy and received a renal allograft from an unmatched mongrel. One group of eight dogs was treated orally with azathioprine and prednisone; another group of eight dogs was treated orally with cyclosporine and prednisone. Four dogs of each group received four blood transfusions each prior to surgery.Mean survival time was nearly the same in the azathioprine‐treated and the cyclosporine‐treated dogs. Transfusions prolonged survival in the azathioprine‐treated group but not in the cyclosporine‐treated group. Retrospective measurement of whole blood trough cyclosporine concentrations indicated marked variation between dogs and in the same dog at different times. This variation may have influenced graft survival.Only one dog survived the 9‐month period of observation, indicating that refinements of the techniques used in this study will be required for long‐term survival of renal allografts in unrelated mongrel dogs.