bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DAILY ACTIVITY PATTERNS OF HORSE FLIES (DIPTERA: TABANIDAE: HYBOMITRA SPP.) IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN MANITOBA
Authors: McElligott Paul E.K. , Galloway Terry D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDaily patterns of host-seeking activity by female tabanids were determined by hourly trapping (0530–2230 hours) with Manitoba horse fly traps at Seven Sisters, Man., 4 days a week, throughout the summer of 1988. Hybomitra epistates (Osten Sacken) and H. pechumani Teskey and Thomas were most active during late morning or mid-day; H. arpadi (Szilady) and H. zonalis (Kirby) in early afternoon; H. affinis (Kirby), H. illota (O.S.), and H. lasiophthalma (Macquart) in late afternoon; H. nitidifrons nuda (McDunnough) and H. lurida (Fallen) in early evening.The morning onset of tabanid flight activity usually was related to temperature, but the cessation of activity in the evening was related either to temperature or light, depending on which was first to fall below threshold levels. Tabanid flight activity was generally low at temperatures below 20°C, although H. lasiophthalma and H. affinis occasionally were caught at 12°C. Little flight activity occurred at light intensity levels below 1000 lx regardless of temperature. At Churchill, Man., where tabanids were trapped hourly from 27 July to 15 August in 1988, H. affinis and H. frontalis (Walker) activity was low below 14°C, although some activity occurred at 6°C.
CONTROL OF SPRUCE BUDMOTH,ZEIRAPHERA CANADENSISMUT. AND FREE., IN WHITE SPRUCE PLANTATIONS WITH ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES,STEINERNEMASPP.
Authors: Eidt D.C. , Dunphy Gary B. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA spruce budmoth population reduction of 82%, as measured by moth emergence, was realized after a foliar spray in which Futura®, a commercialBacillus thuringiensisBerliner (B.t.) formulation, was added to a suspension ofSteinernema carpocapsae(Weiser). The nematode suspension, which took advantage of the wetting and spreading agents in the formulation, was applied to runoff at the rate of 9785 viable infective juvenile nematodes per litre. Mortality was attributed to the nematodes;B.t. was not available to the cryptic larvae. Soil drench treatments were encouraging, and suggested that applications of nematodes to the soil may be feasible.
HOST EFFECTS ON ALLOZYME AND MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION OF THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE,DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAEHOPKINS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Langor David W. , Spence John R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAllozyme and morphological variation were investigated for mountain pine beetle populations in limber pine and lodgepole pine in Alberta and British Columbia. Fourteen gene loci, five of which were polymorphic, were studied. Heterozygote deficiencies were detected at the ME locus for 13 of the 16 groups of beetles sampled. Selection against heterozygotes appears to be the most plausible explanation. There was no significant difference in heterozygosity between beetles from lodgepole pine and those from limber pine. Relatively high levels of genetic differentiation, in terms of allele frequency, were observed among beetles from different sites, host species, seasons, and individual conspecific trees within a site. Low levels of differentiation were observed between beetle generations at a site and between sexes. We attribute significant host-associated genetic differentiation to differential survival in hosts rather than to differential host preference of beetle genotypes. Standardized discriminant function analysis of 12 morphological characters indicated significant differences in beetle shape between sexes, host species, and among sites. Overall, there was little evidence of preferential host selection by beetles which would imply substructuring ofDendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins populations along host lines.
INFLUENCE OF PREPUPATION ENVIRONMENT ON DIAPAUSE INDUCTION IN THE CARROT RUST FLY, PSILA ROSAE (FAB.) (DIPTERA: PSILIDAE)
Authors: Stevenson A.B. , Barszcz E.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWhen carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Fab.), collected as mature third-instar larvae on three dates in each fall of 3 years from carrots from the Holland Marsh, Ont., pupated in the laboratory at 10°C, the intensity of the diapause induced was lower in the samples collected latest in the season. Similarly, the latest pupating cohorts of pupae formed in the field exhibited less intense diapause and developed more rapidly at 20°C in the fall or the following spring. When larvae were kept at 1 or −2°C for varying periods before pupation at 10°C, the incidence and intensity of the pupal diapause decreased with increasing duration of exposure to the low temperatures. Larvae held at 5°C pupated in less than 60 days and entered diapause. Transfer of puparia from 20 to 10°C at various stages of pupation showed that diapause was induced if pupae were transferred less than 48 h after formation of the pupa was first evident.
HYBRIDIZATION STUDIES IN THE MIGRATORY GRASSHOPPER MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (F.) (ACRIDIDAE)
Authors: Chapco William 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThree subspecies of the migratory grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) are recognized by Gurney and Brooks (1959) who, on the basis of morphology and presence of intergrades in collections, do not consider the taxa sufficiently different to warrant according them species status. Present experiments show that members of distant populations, when crossed, readily produce viable and fertile hybrids of both sexes. It is, however, premature to claim that the groups are conspecific without confirmatory information on, for instance, genetic distances and mating discrimination indices. Nonetheless, it is hypothesized that these parameters are expected to have low values given the hybridization results.
EFFECTIVENESS OF STEINERNEMATID AND HETERORHABDITID NEMATODES AGAINST NOCTUID, PYRALID, AND GEOMETRID SPECIES IN SOIL
Authors: Morris O.N. , Converse V. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractLarvae of one pyralid, five noctuid, and one geometrid species were exposed to six species/strains of steinernematid and two species of heterorhabditid nematodes applied to soil surface in the laboratory. The most parasitic nematodes wereSteinernema bibionisBovien for the wax moth (Galleria mellonellaL.) and the bertha armyworm (Mamestra configurataWlk.),Heterorhabditis heliothidis(Khan, Brooks, and Hirschmann) for the cereal armyworm [Pseudaletia unipuncta(Haw)],S.feltiaeFilipjev Mexican for the variegated cutworm [Peridroma saucia(Hbn.)], andS.feltiaeAll for the red-backed cutworm [Euxoa ochrogaster(Gwen)] and the spring cankerworm [Paleacrita vernata(Peck.)]. When both LD50values and rates of parasitism of the hosts were considered together, the most promising nematode for soil applications wasS.feltiaeagainst the bertha armyworm.
REVISION OF NEARCTIC SPECIES OFACTIAROBINEAU-DESVOIDY (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE)
Authors: O’Hara James E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEight species of the siphonine genusActiaRobineau-Desvoidy are recognized in the Nearctic Region, including four that are new:A.dasymyiasp.nov. (type-locality 21 mi. east Tuktoyaktuk, North West Territories, Canada),A.dimorphasp.nov. (type-locality Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA),A.radialissp.nov. (type-locality Gatineau Park, Quebec, Canada), andA.sternalissp.nov. (type-locality mi. 51 Dempster Highway, Yukon, Canada). Adults of the eight species are keyed, described, illustrated (heads, wings, and male terminalia), and their distributions mapped. The species are arranged into three species groups: theautumnalis-group with Nearctic membersA.autumnalis(Townsend),A.rufescens(Greene),A.diffidensCurran, andA.dimorphasp.nov.; thelamia-group with Nearctic membersA.interruptaCurran,A.dasymyiasp.nov., andA.radialissp.nov.; and thecrassicornis-group with the single Nearctic memberA.sternalissp.nov. NearcticActiaare inferred to be of relatively recent origin because only theA.autumnalis/A.rufescensspecies pair seems to have speciated within the Nearctic Region.Actia autumnalis/A.rufescens,A.diffidens, andA.dimorphaare each hypothesized to have their closest phylogenetic affinities with Neotropical species, andA.sternalis,A.interrupta,A.dasymyia, and questionablyA.radialisare each hypothesized to have their closest affinities with Palearctic species.
EFFECTS OF MITICIDES ON THE LIFE STAGES OF THE EUROPEAN RED MITE, PANONYCHUS ULMI (KOCH) (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)
Authors: Marshall D.B. , Pree D.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn laboratory tests, many miticides affected more than one life stage of the European red mite but most showed greater toxicity to one specific stage. Most were more toxic to nymphs and adults than to eggs. Cyhexatin was more toxic to nymphs whereas fenbutatin-oxide was more toxic to adults than to nymphs. Propargite, formetanate HCl, and dinocap were more toxic to nymphs than to adults. Dicofol and oxythioquinox were more toxic to adults than to nymphs. Dienochlor was the least toxic miticide tested, and was more toxic to nymphs and adults than to eggs. Amitraz, permethrin, and fenpropathrin were repellent to motile stages at low concentrations, but amitraz was also highly ovicidal. Clofentezine and hexythiazox were toxic to eggs and nymphs but not to adults. Affected nymphs developed into the deutochrysalis or teleiochrysalis stages but were unable to eclose from these quiescent stages.In field trials, applications timed to coincide with a predominance of sensitive stages were successful. Early season applications suppressed mite numbers for much of the growing season. Populations exhibiting considerable synchrony occurred into August suggesting that susceptible stages could be targeted for control throughout the season.
SPATIAL PATTERNS OF AND SAMPLING METHODS FOR WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) ON GREENHOUSE SWEET PEPPER
Authors: Shipp J.L. , Zariffa N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIntra- and inter-plant spatial patterns were determined for adult and immature western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), on greenhouse sweet pepper at two commercial greenhouses using five sampling methods. The population density of the thrips was monitored biweekly for 4 months from May to August using blue sticky-traps, plant tappings, blossoms, plant leaves, and whole plants. The intra-plant spatial patterns of adult and immature populations of F. occidentalis were aggregated with the majority of the thrips collected from the top one-third of the plant. The inter-plant spatial patterns also were aggregated. The aggregation cluster for the adult thrips was at least three plants in size, although it was surmised to be at the individual plant level for immature F. occidentalis. The accuracy of the blue sticky-trap, plant tapping, blossom, and leaf samples was determined for monitoring the population densities of adult and immature thrips throughout the growing season. It was shown that leaves should be sampled from the middle section of the sweet pepper plant when using this sampling method. A precision-level sampling program was proposed for monitoring adult F. occidentalis on greenhouse sweet pepper. Sampling blossoms was the most cost-effective sampling method based upon time and number of samples for a specific precision level.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF TUBERCULATUSsubg. PACIFICALLIS FROM CALIFORNIA (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Quednau F.W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTuberculatus (Pacificallis) passalus sp.nov. and T. (P.) chrysolepidis sp.nov. are described and their relationship with other species of the subgenus Pacificallis is discussed. The status of T. (P.) quercifolii (Davidson) is elucidated. A key for the identification of the species of the subgenus is presented.
INFLUENCE OF SUGAR MAPLE HEALTH ON FECUNDITY OF PEAR THRIPS IN MASSACHUSETTS
Authors: Carey E. , Van Driesche R.G. , Elkinton J.S. , Bellows T.S. , Burnham C. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWidespread defoliation of sugar maple stands due to pear thrips,Taeniothrips inconsequens(Uzel), feeding occurred in Massachusetts in 1987 and 1988. To assess the role of tree health as a possible cause of these outbreaks, an experiment was conducted in sugar maple stands in Massachusetts in 1990. Sleeve cages were placed on mature sugar maples and stocked with adult female pear thrips to determine the relation between root starch reserves (an index of tree health) and thrips fecundity. The experiment was run at four sites, assessing both root starch levels and thrips fecundity on individual trees. Each stand showed a range from high to low starch values and trees at each end of the root starch index spectrum were selected for use in the experiment at each site. Analysis of data showed no differences between sites, apart from those linked to starch levels, and found thrips fecundity to be positively correlated with higher starch reserves. The results of this experiment do not support the original hypothesis that declining tree health was a causal factor in pear thrips outbreaks on sugar maple in Massachusetts.
SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF IPS PARACONFUSUS LANIER (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) REARED AXENICALLY AND WITH TREE-PATHOGENIC FUNGI VECTORED BY COHABITING DENDROCTONUS SPECIES
Authors: Fox J.W. , Wood D.L. , Akers R.P. , Parmeter J.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSurvival and development of Ips paraconfusus Lanier larvae reared individually in intact Pinus ponderosa Laws. phloem without associated fungi and dietary supplements was demonstrated. Survival was reduced.in intact ponderosa pine phloem previously occupied by other larvae or by bluestaining fungi [i.e. Ophiostoma ips (Rumb.) vectored by I. paraconfusus, O. minus (Hedge.) H. & P. Syd. vectored by Dendroctonus brevicomis LeConte, O. clavigerum (Robins.-Jeff. & Davids.) vectored by D. ponderosae Hopkins, and Leptographium terebrantis Barras & Perry vectored by D. valens LeConte] compared with those reared without fungi or symbiotic yeasts. The highest proportion of larvae initiating tunnels and surviving to adult was observed for untreated eggs, and the lowest proportion occurred in the L. terebrantis treatment. Size was reduced and developmental rate was slower for larvae reared without fungi compared with larvae reared with associated fungi.Tunnels excavated by first- and second-instar larvae reared without associated fungi were longer than those excavated by larvae reared with associated fungi. The most frequent larval turnabouts occurred with larvae reared axenically and reared with Ips yeast and O. ips. The fewest occurred with larvae reared with Ips egg niche plugs and from untreated eggs. Females reared free of any fungi or with Penicillium or Aspergillus did not oviposit in surface-sterilized ponderosa pine logs. Naturally eclosed females from ponderosa pine logs in which they developed, laid eggs in these sterilized logs. Potential for a new association among bark beetles and fungi is discussed.
A NEW SPECIES OF PLUSIOTIS BURMEISTER (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE, RUTELINAE) FROM GUATEMALA, C.A.
Authors: Morón Miguel A. , Howden Henry F. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPlusiotis prototelica sp.nov. from Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, is described and illustrated. A key to the prasina species group of Plusiotis, including the new species, is presented. Characters of P. prototelica that could allow it to be placed in the genus Chrysina Kirby are mentioned.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF ISCHIOLEPTA LIOY (DIPTERA: SPHAEROCERIDAE) FROM NORTH AMERICA WITH NOTES ON THEIR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Han Ho-Yeon , Marshall Stephen A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIschiolepta lama and I. barberi from North America are described as new. They, together with four other species [I. crenata (Meigen), I. denticulata (Meigen), I. intermedia Han and Kim, and I. scabra (Spuler)], are recognized as a monophyletic group. A cladogram, a key, and illustrations of male genitalia for those species are provided.
EFFECTS OF LOW APPLICATION RATES OF THE PYRETHROID PP321 ON THE APPLE ORCHARD MITE COMPLEX (ACARI) IN ONTARIO
Authors: Li S.Y. , Harmsen R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe impacts of the pyrethroid PP321 on the mite fauna in an apple orchard were studied at the Smithfield Experimental Farm of Agriculture Canada, Ontario, from 1988 to 1989. Two predacious mites, the phytoseiid Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) and the stigmaeid Zetzellia mali (Ewing), were affected by pyrethroid applications. The highest numbers of predators were found in untreated trees, and the lowest numbers were found in the trees treated with the higher rate of the pyrethroid (P < 0.05). Zetzellia mali has roughly the same susceptibility to PP321 as does A. fallacis. Two species of tetranychid phytophagous mites, the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, were positively associated with pyrethroid applications. Significantly higher numbers of these mites were found in the pyrethroid-treated trees than in untreated ones (P < 0.05). Another phytophagous mite, the apple rust mite, Aculus schlechtendali (Nalepa) (Eriophyidae), was strongly suppressed by PP321 applications. Lower rate applications of the pyrethroid allowed more predators to survive, and resulted in lower abundances of tetranychid mites than did the higher rate. Therefore, reduced rates of pyrethroids may prove to be compatible with integrated control of spider mites in apple orchards.
NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHELOMIDEOPSIS ROMIJN (ACARI: ARRENUROIDEA: ATHIENEMANNIIDAE)
Authors: Smith Ian M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMorphological, life history, and distributional data are presented for North American species of the genus Chelomideopsis Romijn. Chelomideopsis brunsoni (Cook) and C. besselingi (Cook) are redescribed on the basis of larvae, deutonymphs, and adults. Larvae and female adults of C. brunsoni, and deutonymphs of both of these species, are described for the first time. The mite described by Cook (1955) as the allotype female of C. brunsoni is correctly identified as a female of Platyhydracarus juliani Smith (1989). Four new species are described as follows: C. occidentalis sp.nov. (deutonymphs and adults), C. siskiyouensis sp.nov. (adults), C. minuta sp.nov. (female adults), and C. gledhilli sp.nov. (adults). A new diagnosis is proposed for Chelomideopsis based on knowledge of all active instars. New hypotheses on the phylogeny of species of the genus are presented, permitting the first assessment of zoogeography in this group of mites. The genus probably originated in Laurasia during the late Cretaceous or early Tertiary, and diversified and became widely dispersed in North America and Eurasia during the Tertiary. Mites of the genus apparently were adapted for the temperate climate that persisted until late Tertiary times, and were displaced to southern refugial areas by habitat destruction and climatic cooling associated with episodes of Pleistocene glaciation. The various species are now beginning to reinvade recently deglaciated areas from their Wisconsinan refugia, as they and their host chironomids colonize suitable spring and small stream habitats.
A NEW SPECIES OFTRICHOTHAUMALEA(DIPTERA: THAUMALEIDAE) FROM EASTERN NORTH AMERICA AND A DISCUSSION OF MALE GENITALIC HOMOLOGIES
Authors: Sinclair Bradley J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe adult, pupa, and final-instar larva ofTrichothaumalea elakalensissp.nov. (Diptera: Thaumaleidae) are described and illustrated. This is the first record of this genus from eastern North America and first description of the immature stages. In addition, reinterpretation of the homologies of the male terminalia and preliminary observations on the male reproductive system of Thaumaleidae are presented and the phylogenetic implications upon the monophyly of the Chironomoidea are discussed.
HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS AND SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF GROUND-BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE) IN CENTRAL ALBERTA
Authors: Niemelä Jari , Spence John R. , Spence Deborah H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractCarabid beetles were collected with grids of pitfall traps during two seasons in five habitats in the ecotone between aspen parkland and boreal mixedwood forest in central Alberta. The 23 abundant species (54 species in total) were divided into the following four distributional types: (1)Pterostichus adstrictusEschz. was numerous in all five habitats (habitat generalist); (2)Platynus decentisSay,Calathus ingratusDej., andScaphinotus marginatusFisch. were abundant in all four forest habitats (forest generalists); (3) another 10 species were common in one or two forest habitats (forest specialists); (4) nine species, representing mainlyAgonum,Amara, andBembidion, were restricted to a recently cleared timothy–clover grassland (meadow species). Soil moisture seemed to be important in determining habitat associations of the species among the forest types. Captures of most species were aggregated also within habitats, and the consistency of aggregation among particular traps suggests that it is mainly a response to subtle microhabitat differences. All abundant species, exceptS.marginatus, showed a peak of capture in May–June. Number of species, corrected for sample size by rarefaction, was highest in the meadow (27.5) and lowest in the dry upland aspen forest (11.9). Species diversity was highest in meadow and the lakeside forest habitats, but carabid assemblages of the four forest habitats were more similar to each other than to the meadow assemblage.
FIRST- AND SECOND-YEAR EFFECTS OF ACECAP® IMPLANTS AGAINST CONE INSECTS OF BLACK SPRUCE
Authors: West R.J. , Sundaram K.M.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAcephate implanted in trunks of black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P., trees in the fall, 3 weeks before female bud flush, and at female bud flush reduced insect damage to cones and increased seed yields for 1 year. Second-year effects of the implants reduced insect damage to cones, but without increased seed yields. In the 2nd year, cones from trees treated at bud flush had the least insect damage and the highest residues of acephate and its toxic metabolite, methamidophos. Damage to treated cones by the spruce cone maggot, Strobilomyia neanthracina Michelson, the dominant insect in untreated cones, was insignificant in the 1st year and was reduced in the 2nd year.
PERSISTENCE OF INSECTICIDES IN A LOBLOLLY PINE SEED ORCHARD FOR CONTROL OF THE LEAFFOOTED PINE SEED BUG, LEPTOGLOSSUS CORCULUS (SAY) (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)
Authors: Nord J.C. , DeBarr G.L. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractHigh volume sprays of azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrifos, fenvalerate, permethrin, and phosmet in various concentrations and formulations were simulated on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) foliage in a pine seed orchard in northern Georgia. Persistence of these insecticides under field conditions was determined by weekly bioassays with adult leaffooted pine seed bugs [Leptoglossus corculus (Say)] and gas–liquid chromatography. Fenvalerate was the most persistent insecticide tested. In the first experiment, 0.2% AI fenvalerate caused virtually 100% seed bug mortality in bioassays through the 4th week after treatment, whereas mortality from azinphosmethyl dropped to ca. 14%. By the 6th week, mortality in the fenvalerate treatment was still 91%, even after 10.5 cm of rain. The permethrin treatments persisted for 2 weeks, then mortality declined below 40% at 3 weeks. In the second experiment, fenvalerate at 0.15% AI and 0.075% AI caused 95 and 90% mortality, respectively, after 3 weeks and 16 cm of rain, and the toxicity of the 0.038% and the 0.019% AI fenvalerate treatments lasted only 2 weeks with 12 cm rain. Permethrin in Ambush® EC at 0.2% AI had initial residues of about 150 ppm and caused ca. 84% mortality for 2 weeks with 12 cm rain. Azinphosmethyl WP at 0.2% AI had initial residues of ca. 104 ppm and persisted for 1 week. Seed bug mortality from phosmet at 0.4% AI diminished quickly after 1 week in the field.