bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Very fine roots respond to soil depth: biomass allocation, morphology, and physiology in a broad‐leaved temperate forest
Authors: Makita Naoki , Hirano Yasuhiro , Mizoguchi Takeo , Kominami Yuji , Dannoura Masako , Ishii Hiroaki , Finér Leena , Kanazawa Yoichi 
Published: October 2010

AbstractVery fine roots (<0.5 mm in diameter) of forest trees may serve as better indicators of root function than the traditional category of <2 mm, but how these roots will exhibit the plasticity of species‐specific traits in response to heterogeneous soil nutrients is unknown. Here, we examined the vertical distribution of biomass and morphological and physiological traits of fine roots across three narrow diameter classes (<0.5, 0.5–1.0, and 1.0–2.0 mm) of Quercus serrata and Ilex pedunculosa at five soil depths down to 50 cm in a broad‐leaved temperate forest. In both species, biomass and the allocation of very fine roots were higher in the surface soil but lower below 10‐cm soil depth compared to values for larger roots (0.5–2.0 mm). When we applied these diameter classes, only very fine roots of Q. serrata exhibited significant changes in specific root length (SRL; m g−1) and root nitrogen (N) concentrations with soil depth, whereas the N concentrations only changed significantly in I. pedunculosa. The SRL and root N concentrations of larger roots in the two species did not significantly differ among soil depths. Thus, very fine roots may exhibit species‐specific traits and change their potential for nutrient and water uptake in response to soil depth by plasticity in root biomass, the length, and the N in response to available resources.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata
Authors: Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava , Keerthikumar Shivakumar , Chaerkady Raghothama , Kandasamy Kumaran , Renuse Santosh , Marimuthu Arivusudar , Venugopal Abhilash Karavattu , Thomas Joji Kurian , Jacob Harrys K. C. , Goel Renu , Pawar Harsh , Sahasrabuddhe Nandini A. , Krishna Venkatarangaiah , Nair Bipin G. , Gucek Marjan , Cole Robert N. , Ravikumar Raju , Harsha H. C. , Pandey Akhilesh 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Introduction

Candida albicans and Candida glabrata are the two most common opportunistic pathogens which are part of the normal flora in humans. Clinical diagnosis of infection by these organisms is still largely based on culturing of these organisms. In order to identify species-specific protein expression patterns, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of C. albicans and C. glabrata.

Methods
We used “isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation” (iTRAQ) labeling of cell homogenates of C. albicans and C. glabrata followed by LC-MS/MS analysis using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The MS/MS data was searched against a protein database comprised of known and predicted proteins reported from these two organisms. Subsequently, we carried out a bioinformatics analysis to group orthologous proteins across C. albicans and C. glabrata and calculated protein abundance changes between the two species.

Results and Conclusions
We identified 500 proteins from these organisms, the large majority of which corresponded to predicted transcripts. A number of proteins were observed to be significantly differentially expressed between the two species including enolase (Eno1), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1), CCT ring complex subunit (Cct2), pyruvate kinase (Cdc19), and pyruvate carboxylase (Pyc2). This study illustrates a strategy for investigating protein expression patterns across closely related organisms by combining orthology information with quantitative proteomics.
Strategies for Decreasing Patient Anxiety in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Bailey Laila 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPerioperative patient anxiety is a pervasive problem that can have far‐reaching effects. Among these effects are increased postoperative pain, increased risk for infection, and longer healing times. Many factors affect perioperative patient anxiety, including the need for surgery, perceived loss of control, fear of postoperative pain, and alteration of body image. This systematic review of current literature was undertaken to identify evidence‐based interventions for decreasing patient anxiety in perioperative practice. According to the current research literature, perioperative education and music therapy can be used to successfully reduce surgical patients' anxiety.
Characterization of persistent postoperative pain by quantitative sensory testing
Authors: Werner Mads U. , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPostoperative pain remains inadequately treated, and it has been estimated that 5–10% undergoing surgery will develop moderate to severe persistent pain leading to chronic physical disability and psychosocial distress.Quantitative sensory testing (QST) is a graded, standardized activation of the sensory system either by mechanical, thermal or electrical stimuli, with assessment of the evoked psychophysical response. QST has been used in prospective assessments of how and why some individuals develop persistent postoperative pain.This comprehensive review describes, first, QST as a predictive research tool in studies investigating the correlation between responses to preoperatively applied experimental pain stimuli and clinical postoperative pain. Second, the use of QST as a valuable prognostic, sequential assessment tool in surgical procedure specific research is presented. Third, the implications of these findings for use of QST in future research are discussed. More rational design of predictive studies in PPP, based on surgical procedure specific approaches, is needed in order to improve our understanding of prevention and management of this debilitating postsurgical condition.
Nebulization of local anaesthetics in laparoscopic surgery: A new tool for postoperative analgesia
Authors: Ingelmo Pablo M. , Somaini Marta , Bucciero Mario , Allegri Massimo , Bugada Dario , Cusato Maria , Diemunsch Pierre 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLaparoscopic procedures have been associated to moderate or severe pain that may require opioids and almost all patients referred shoulder pain. Intraperitoneal instillation of local anaesthetics, as part of a multimodal approach analgesia program, reduces pain intensity and morphine consumption after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, direct local anesthetic instillation is not enough to eliminate visceral and shoulder pain. Heated and humidified gas may produce positive effects such as reduction of postoperative pain. Intraperitoneal nebulization, a new technique of drug administration, provides homogeneous spread of drugs allowing a better distribution of local anaesthetics throughout the peritoneum. This technique combines the effects of gas conditioning and the analgesic benefits of local anaesthetic instillation. Nebulization of local anaesthetics during different laparoscopic procedures reduced postoperative pain, morphine consumption and allowed earlier mobilization. Future studies should determine, the optimal dose of local anaesthetics, the effect of local anaesthetic nebulization in different clinical settings and its importance on long term clinical outcomes.
Effects of developmental stress and lead (Pb) on corticosterone after chronic and acute stress, brain monoamines, and blood Pb levels in rats
Authors: Graham Devon L. , Grace Curtis E. , Braun Amanda A. , Schaefer Tori L. , Skelton Matthew R. , Tang Peter H. , Vorhees Charles V. , Williams Michael T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractDespite restrictions, exposure to lead (Pb) continues. Moreover, exposure varies and is often higher in lower socioeconomic status (SES) families and remains a significant risk to cognitive development. Stress is another risk factor. Lower SES may be a proxy for stress in humans. When stress and Pb co‐occur, risk may be increased. A few previous experiments have combined Pb with intermittent or acute stress but not with chronic stress. To determine if chronic developmental stress affects outcome in combination with Pb, we tested such effects on growth, organ weight, brain monoamines, and response to an acute stressor. Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with Pb acetate (1 or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle every other day from postnatal day (P)4–29 and reared in standard or barren cages. Subsets were analyzed at different ages (P11, 19, 29). Chronic stress did not alter blood Pb levels but altered HPA axis response during early development whereas Pb did not. Pb treatment and rearing each altered organ‐to‐body weight ratios, most notably of thymus weights. Both Pb and rearing resulted in age‐ and region‐dependent changes in serotonin and norepinephrine levels and in dopamine and serotonin turnover. The model introduced here may be useful for investigating the interaction of Pb and chronic developmental stress.
Sprache - Bildung - Gesundheit: Ein kritisch-konstruktiver Blick auf Chancen und Praxis der Sprachstandserhebung bei Kindern im Vorschulalter
Authors: Borgetto Bernhard 
Published: October 2010

Einleitung
Zwischen Sprache, Bildung und Gesundheit besteht ein enger Zusammenhang. Die Sprache ist ein wichtiger Einflussfaktor auf die Bildungschancen von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Der Bildungsgrad wirkt sich direkt und als Teil des sozioökonomischen Status auf die Gesundheitschancen aus. Zudem ist die Fähigkeit, sich über Sprache differenziert auszudrücken, eine wichtige Ressource im Sinne der Gesundheitsförderung und stellen sprachliche Entwicklungsstörungen einen eigenen Krankheitsbereich dar.
Age, growth and population structure of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, based on statolith microstructure off the Exclusive Economic Zone of Chilean waters
Authors: Chen Xinjun , Lu Huajie , Liu Bilin , Chen Yong 
Published: October 2010

The jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, support an important squid fishery off the Exclusive Economic Zone of Chilean waters. However, we only have limited information about their biology. In this study, age, growth and population structure of D. gigas were studied using statoliths from 533 specimens (386 females and 147 males) randomly sampled in the Chinese squid jigging surveys from 2007 to 2008 off the Exclusive Economic Zone of Chile. Mantle lengths (MLs) of the sample ranged from 206 to 702 mm, and their ages were estimated from 150 to 307 days for females and from 127 to 302 days for males. At least two spawning groups were identified, the main spawning peak tended to occur between August and November (austral spring group), and the secondary peak appeared during March to June (austral autumn group). The ML–age relationship was best modelled by a linear function for the austral spring group and a power function for the austral autumn group, and the body weight (BW)–age relationship was best described by an exponential function for both the groups. Instantaneous relative growth rates and absolute growth rates for ML and BW did not differ significantly between the two groups. The growth rate of D. gigas tended to be high at young stages, and then decreased after the sub-adult stage (>180 days old). This study suggests large spatial and temporal variability in key life history parameters of D. gigas, calling for the collection of more data with fine spatial and temporal scales to further improve our understanding of the fishery biology of D. gigas.
Son et lumière: Verdi,Attila, and the sunrise over the lagoon
Authors: Greenwald Helen M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis essay discusses the famous sunrise in the prologue ofAttilain the context of early nineteenth-century theatrical lighting and musical conventions, and relates it to Félicien David'sLe Désert, Haydn'sThe Creationand Rossini'sGuillaume Tell, as well as Verdi'sAlziraandJérusalem.
Prokofiev'sSemyon Kotkoand the melodrama of High Stalinism
Authors: Seinen Nathan 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article examines the first opera of Prokofiev's Soviet period,Semyon Kotko(1939), in light of the disparity between two forms of melodrama, one affecting the opera's composition, the other its reception. The first is the classic melodrama, which offered the composer the foundation for a vivid, intense work that would also be suitable for a mass audience; the second is the melodrama reflecting the aesthetic norms and moral framework of socialist realism and High Stalinism. The simplicity and immediacy ofKotkoavoided the directed emotionalism of the officially favoured model of Romantic opera, and the Ukrainian setting prompted references to the tradition of Gogolian comedy rather than an elevation of folk content to an epic dimension. Characters conform to archetypes of classic melodrama, and together with the opera's comic elements and the unique gestural idiom of its music and manner of performance, this detracted from the required effects of sublime heroism and nationalism. While the outlines of a socialist realist plot remain inKotko, Prokofiev's commitment to what he considered timeless values of music and drama led to a failure, in socialist realist terms, to achieve an appropriate amplification of its moral essence.
Coordinated and circumlocutory semantic naming errors are related to anterolateral temporal lobes in mild AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging
Authors: BALTHAZAR MARCIO LUIZ FIGUEREDO , YASUDA CLARISSA LIN , PEREIRA FABRÍCIO RAMOS SILVESTRE , BERGO FELIPE PAULO GUAZZI , CENDES FERNANDO , DAMASCENO BENITO PEREIRA 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNaming difficulties are characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and, to a lesser extent, of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) patients. The association of naming impairment with anterior temporal lobe (ATL) atrophy in Semantic Dementia (SD) could be a tip of the iceberg effect, in which case the atrophy is a marker of more generalized temporal lobe pathology. Alternatively, it could reflect the existence of a functional gradient within the temporal lobes, wherein more anterior regions provide the basis for greater specificity of representation. We tested these two hypotheses in a study of 15 subjects with mild AD, 17 with aMCI, and 16 aged control subjects and showed that coordinate and circumlocutory semantic error production on the Boston Naming Test was weakly correlated with ATL gray matter density, as determined by voxel-based morphometry. Additionally, we investigated whether these errors were benefited by phonemic cues, and similarly to SD, our AD patients had small improvement. Because there is minimal gradient of temporal lobe atrophy in AD or MCI, and, therefore, no basis for a tip of the iceberg effect, these findings support the theory of a modest functional gradient in the temporal lobes, with the ATLs being involved in the naming of more specific objects. (JINS, 2010,16, 1099–1107.)
Effect of the Insertion and Polymerization Technique in Composite Resin Restorations: Analysis of Marginal Gap by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: da Silva Marcos Aurélio Bomfim , de Oliveira Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes , Tonholo Josealdo , Júnior José Ginaldo da Silva , Santos Lucineide de Melo , dos Reis José Ivo Limeira 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThisin vitrostudy evaluated the marginal gap at the composite tooth/resin interface in class V cavities under the influence of two insertion techniques and a curing system by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM). Forty enamel and dentin cavities were prepared on the buccal surface in bovine teeth with quadratic forms measuring 2 mm × 2 mm and depth of 1.5 mm. The teeth were then divided into four groups: group A, 10 cavities were restored in one increment, light cured by halogen light; group B, 10 cavities filled with bulk filling, light cured by the light emitting diodes (LED); group C, 10 cavities were restored by the incremental technique, light cured by halogen light; group D, 10 cavities were restored by the incremental technique, light cured by the LED. The teeth underwent the polishing procedure and were analyzed by AFM for tooth/restoration interface evaluation. The data were compared between groups using the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p< 0.05). The results showed a statistically significant difference between groups A and B and groups A and C. It was concluded that no insertion and polymerization technique was able to completely seal the cavity.
KRAS and BRAF mutation analysis can be reliably performed on aspirated cytological specimens of metastatic colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Pang N. K. B. , Nga M. E. , Chin S. Y. , Ismail T. M. , Lim G. L. , Soong R. , Salto‐Tellez M. 
Published: October 2010

N. K. B. Pang, M. E. Nga, S. Y. Chin, T.‐M. Ismail, G. L. Lim, R. Soong and M. Salto‐Tellez  KRAS and BRAF mutation analysis can be reliably performed on aspirated cytological specimens of metastatic colorectal carcinomaBackground:  Sanger sequencing is one of several reliable methods in use to detect KRAS and BRAF mutations to facilitate clinical patient selection for anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody therapy in unresectable metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC). Most analyses are made on pretreatment biopsy or resection specimens. There is a scarcity of published studies on the suitability of cytological samples for KRAS testing in this setting.Methods:  DNA extraction was attempted on 11 search‐retrieved paired cases of histological resections or excisions of CRC and their corresponding cytological samples (representing metastases) and tested for KRAS mutations in exon 2 and 3, as well as BRAF exon 15 mutations by Sanger sequencing. Only KRAS wild‐type cases were subjected to BRAF analysis because this is the setting with true diagnostic value, as these mutations are mutually exclusive.Results:  Of the 11 paired cases analysed, only eight histology cases showed satisfactory DNA quality for sequencing. Thus, only eight of the corresponding cytology cases were analysed. Seven of the eight cases tested showed the same KRAS genotype on both the aspirated cytology specimen of metastatic carcinoma and the primary tumour (histological specimen), from which we derive an overall concordance rate of 87.5%. The single discordant case was likely to be a true difference as it was demonstrated again on repeat testing of both samples. No BRAF mutations were detected on the four KRAS wild‐type cases.Conclusion:  A range of cytological samples are suitable for KRAS and BRAF mutation testing, be it from previously stained preparations or cell blocks. These samples would be highly valuable in cases where cytological samples are the only material available for mutation testing.
Analysis of side population cells derived from dental pulp tissue
Authors: Kenmotsu M. , Matsuzaka K. , Kokubu E. , Azuma T. , Inoue T. 
Published: October 2010

Kenmotsu M, Matsuzaka K, Kokubu E, Azuma T, Inoue T. Analysis of side population cells derived from dental pulp tissue. International Endodontic Journal.AbstractAim  To investigate the characteristics of side population (SP) cells derived from the dental pulp of young and aged rats.Methodology  Maxillary and mandibular incisors were extracted from 5‐week‐old (young) rats and 60‐ to 80‐week‐old (aged) rats. Coronal pulp tissue was removed mechanically, and single‐cell suspensions were prepared using collagenase and dispase. Cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 and sorted with an fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS). Isolated SP and main population (MP) cells were analysed by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical localization and cell cycle determination. Two‐way analysis of variance and the multiple comparison Scheffè test were used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05).Results  Approximately 0.40% of pulp cells in young rats and 0.11% in aged rats comprised SP cells. SP cells expressed a higher mRNA level of ATP‐binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), but lower mRNA levels of nestin, alkaline phosphatase, p16 and p57 than MP cells in both age groups. Immunohistochemical observation revealed ABCG2‐positive cells localized in the cell‐rich zone and nestin in the odontoblastic layer in both groups. Furthermore, the majority of both young and aged SP and MP cells were in growth arrest of the G0/G1 phase.Conclusion  The FACS analysis revealed a decrease in the proportion of SP cells with age, whilst p16 mRNA expression indicated an increase in cell senescence. The cell cycles of SP and MP cells from both young and aged dental pulp were generally in the G0/G1 phase.
How can ecologists help realise the potential of payments for carbon in tropical forest countries?
Authors: Baker Tim R. , Jones Julia P. G. , Rendón Thompson Olivia R. , Cuesta Rosa Maria Román , Del Castillo Dennis , Aguilar Ivis Chan , Torres Jorge , Healey John R. 
Published: October 2010

Summary 1. There is great interest among policy makers in the potential of carbon‐based payments for ecosystem services (PES) to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and protect forests in tropical countries. We discuss the contributions that ecologists can make to the interdisciplinary research required to inform the design of these initiatives. 2. First, we highlight the need to quantify the full range of processes that determine temporal variation in carbon stocks at a landscape‐scale due to cycles of forest disturbance and recovery. Second, we discuss the importance of understanding how the impact of climate change on the carbon stocks of intact forests may affect the emissions reductions achieved by any given project: we show that this may reduce the effectiveness of one carbon‐based PES project in southern Peru by 15%. We also discuss the need to assess project impacts on deforestation in the surrounding region and explore how different project designs influence the balance between the conservation of carbon and biodiversity. 3. The need to demonstrate emissions reductions or carbon storage to investors in carbon‐based payment schemes provides an imperative for monitoring their effectiveness. Monitoring will be a significant cost in any PES project and, together with project set‐up, on average accounts for more than 40% of project expenditure across six emerging Peruvian PES schemes. Ecologists will therefore have an important role in designing cost‐effective monitoring strategies. The impetus for monitoring also provides opportunities to carry out research addressing many of the uncertainties highlighted above. 4. Synthesis and applications. By working closely with a range of carbon‐based PES projects, ecologists can answer important fundamental questions related to the provision of ecosystem services and help improve the design of these schemes. The large number of projects currently being implemented provides an unprecedented opportunity to develop a proper evidence base for measuring and improving the practices that most successfully conserve tropical forest ecosystems.