bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
III.—Glacier Motion
Authors: Deeley R. M. 
Published: May 2009

Sir Henry Howorth in his Ice or Water deals in considerable detail with the various theories of glacier motion which have been propounded. His works are veritable mines of information concerning the subject of ice and water, and he is everywhere anxious to give all workers credit for the work they have done, to state their theories correctly, and if he should differ from their conclusions to do so in a kindly spirit. Among other theories of glacier motion he refers to the one for which I am responsible. Referring to this theory he says—“In the Philosophical Magazine for 1888 Mr. Deeley propounded what he claimed to be a new theory of glacier motion. In this paper he very rightly says ‘that every change of outline suffered by a glacier, if we disregard melting and the small internal changes of bulk produced by pressure, etc., is due to the shear of ice plane over ice plane’. He further says of glacier motion: ‘We have, therefore, two kinds of motion—one a bodily slide in a downward direction, and another due to the differential motion of the ice not in contact with the ground.’ In order to explain the latter he postulates that constant liquefaction and resolidification is taking place within a glacier by the sun’s heat penetrating it and melting certain portions, and inasmuch as a glacier has a tendency to sink in consequence of its gravity, the liquefying of certain portions of its interior will take away the support of the rest and let it sink down.
IV.—Note on a Landslip in the Isle of Wight
Authors: Chandler R. H. 
Published: May 2009

The accompanying sketch is from a photograph taken in April, 1906, of a series of landslips just east of Chilton Chine, near Brixton, on the south coast of the Isle of Wight. The cliff, whichis composed of Brick-earth on gravel and this overlying Weald Clay, had fallen away in a series of blocks of triangular section, which were alternately base and apex uppermost; the apices in places were quite acute, and one could stride from base to base over the sharply denned apex of a clay triangle. The bases of these triangles were the grassed surface, and the apices of toughened and slickensided Brick-earth which stood up, perhaps, 4 feet beyond the grass; where the apex would naturally have been higher it was usually broken away and crumbled down. There were spaces between the blocks large enough for a horse to fall down and as much as 15 feet deep, at which depth the talus blocked the view. These spaces were overhung by the triangle that stood on its apex, so that the surface contour of my section is correct. At the time the photograph was taken the landslide was quite new, that is, small pieces of clay were falling from the overhanging faces and the fractures of grass and clay looked perfectly fresh. Possibly it had only occurred a few hours previously.
II.—Contributions to the Study of Volcanos: Continued from page 16
Authors: Judd J. W. 
Published: May 2009

3. Third Period of Volcanic Activity in the Lipari Islands.Although, as we have already seen, the older volcanic formations of the Liparis present us with features of no little interest, yet it is on account of the cones and lava-streams, composed of rocks of singular beauty and almost unique character,—which are the product of the latest developments of igneous action in these islands, that the attention of geologists is most frequently directed to them.
I.—The Development of River Meanders
Authors: Davis W. M. 
Published: May 2009

The paper by Dr. Callaway, “On a Cause of River Curves,” in the Geological Magazine for October, 1902, suggests comment for two reasons: first, because the cause that he brings forward seems of doubtful application; second, because the habitual entrance of branch streams at a certain part of the curves of main streams is satisfactorily explained by controls which seem to be of surer and more powerful application than the control which he advocates.In ascribing to a tributary the power to make a main stream bend in a definite manner towards the tributary, and thus determine the habitual entrance of tributaries on the convex side of the main stream's curves, Dr. Callaway argues that the detritus brought by the tributary will be deposited on the further side of the main stream and somewhat below the tributary's mouth. Various examples known to me of the deposits formed by side streams in the channels of main streams do not bear out this conclusion: the detritus is not deposited on the further side of the main stream, but as a delta at the mouth of the tributary or a little below it; and the main stream does not bend toward, but away from the tributary. The Rhine, the Colorado, and many other rivers that might be instanced, show abundant examples of this kind. Moreover, the assumption of an initially straight main river, as stated by Dr. Callaway, involves an extreme improbability. Rivers cannot be habitually straight in their initial stage, and the bends with which they begin are as a rule spontaneously exaggerated in their later development.
VIII.—Recent Breccias in Bolivia
Authors: Evans John William 
Published: May 2009

In February of last year Professor Bonney read an instructive paper before the Geological Society, in which he enumerated and briefly described a number of the principal breccias found in the geological series. He also gave a short description of some of the best known recent breccias—the stone rivers of the Falkland Islands and the angular detritus that fringes the foot of the hillsides in Persia, Central Asia, and Northern Hindustan. In conclusion, he expressed his opinion that most of the ancient breccias referred to in his paper indicated “a climate, arid, liable to extremes of temperature, with cold winters. The precipitation probably was connected with this season, and took the form of snow.” He thought, however, that in some cases “hot summers and occasional torrential rainfalls” might produce the same effects.I have recently had an opportunity of examining an extensive breccia at the foot of the Andes and margin of the Amazonian plain, which is still in process of formation under somewhat different conditions.In north-eastern Bolivia the Andes consist of numerous parallel ranges trending north-west and south-east. At the point where the river Beni enters the great forest plain the outer or north-eastern chain is that to which I have referred as the Bala-Susi mountains. The highest summits rise to about 5,000 feet above the sea, but some of the saddles do not exceed 2,000 or 2,500 feet in altitude.The lower slopes are clothed with trees, and from their foot, at an altitude of 650 to 1,500 feet, commences a gentle incline.
III.—Notes on new or imperfectly known Chalk Bryozoa (Polyzoa)
Authors: Brydone R. M. 
Published: May 2009

Zoarium, always encrusting.Zoœcia pyriform, average length, and breadth ·43 mm. and ·28 mm.; aperture semicircular, with a small tubercle at each side; front wall normally formed of five pairs of spines, the space between the lowest pair being filled by a triangular plate perforated at the apex and possibly tubular, as when it is broken off its base proves to be perforated; when there is a preceding zoœcium with an oœcium the fifth pair of spines and the triangular plate disappear, and the space so left is filled by the preceding oœcium, which always carries a small avicularium, possibly a relic of the triangular plate; the spines are not always strictly paired; the backbone is often depressed and pierced by irregular pores.
III.—An Excursion to the Volcanoes of Nevado de Toluca and Jorullo in Mexico
Authors: Hobson Bernard 
Published: May 2009

In connection with the meeting of the Tenth International Geological Congress in the city of Mexico, an excursion, known as the Jorullo Excursion, was organised, of which the following is an account:—Nevado de Toluca.
VI.—Notes on some Coastal Features in Co. Waterford III. Tramore Bay to Dunmore East
Authors: Cowper Reed F. R. 
Published: May 2009

The projecting mass of land between Tramore Bay and the mouth of the River Suir consists of Old Red Sandstone, and the cliffs are mostly high, bold, and precipitous. The valleys which descend to the sea are more or less filled with Boulder-clay and other drift materials, testifying to their pre-Glacial oxcavation. The geological history of these valleys and of the large shallow lagoon lying inside the long spit of sand dunes which nearly cuts off the head of Tramore Bay deserves a separate article, and we will therefore here commence with the description of the eastern shore of this bay stretching from Summerville to Brownstown Head. Messrs. Wright & Muff in their paper on the pre-Glacial shore-line of the South of Ireland made no reference to this portion of the Waterford coast.The cliff below Summerville House is composed of the usual type of Boulder-clay of the district, but devoid of any large boulders; it is capped by 4–8 inches of whitish to yellow marl without any stones; above this comes 1–2 feet of wind-blown sand immediately beneath the thin soil. The Boulder-clay here is only about 6 feet thick, and the total height of the cliffs is only 8–12 feet. The line of these drift-formed cliffs recedes inland behind the large triangular area of grass-grown hummocky land which projects seawards at Bass Point; this area represents a comparatively recent accumulation of sand which has been built outwards for some 200 yards from the base of the cliffs so as to narrow the channel of Rinnashark Harbour leading into the Back Strand lagoon.
II.—Notes on New or Imperfectly Known Chalk Polyzoa
Authors: Brydone R. M. 
Published: May 2009

The group of Membraniporæ, with a small median barred avicularium placed immediately above the oæcium, of which M. Griffithi, Bryd., is a leading instance, contains several Senonian members in addition to the Trimingham forms (M. Triminghamensis, M. anterides, M. humiliata) which I have already described in this Magazine. They seem to arise first in the zone of Micraster cor-anguinum.Membranipora Simulacrum, sp. nov. (Pl. XXVI, Figs. 1, 2.)Zoarium unilaminate, always adherent.Zoæcia large, very slightly subpyriform, areas oval, with average length .5 to .55 mm. and breadth .3 mm.; side walls bent slightly inwards, and so low and slender that at a hasty inspection they might be taken to be mere ghosts of some species with a low arched front wall.
VII.—Recent Observations on the Geology of the Lizard District, Cornwall
Authors: Somervall Alexander 
Published: May 2009

During a stay of nearly six weeks, made last July and August, at the Lizard, Cornwall, I had ample opportunity of correcting former, and making some fresh observations.With regard to the first of these, and to some of the strictures recently passed on them, I found that I had little or nothing to regret as to what I had already written on the subject, with the exception of the “felsitic-like-rock” at Housel Cove, which I should now rather regard as a mass segregated, or separated out of the common magma, common magma, than as an altered portion of the hornblende-schist as I then described it—my object at the time being to show that it was not a dyke; a view I am still convinced of. I now pass on to recent observations.
V.—Palæontology in Germany and Austria
Authors: Gaudry Albert 
Published: May 2009

[Note by the Translator.—M. Albert Gaudry, the well-known Professor of Palæontology at the Museum of Natural History of Paris, following up a report which he published last year of a visit to the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell Road, has recently written an article in the "Revue Scientifique" on a series of visits just paid to the Museums of Germany and elsewhere.This article is valuable, not only for the statement of the existence of a great scientific movement on the Continent, but for the summarised sketch it gives of the most interesting geological and palæontological collections in the principal museums of Europe, a knowledge of which is often desiderated by the student when travelling abroad.—Mark Stirrup.]
VII.—Oscillations in the Sea-level. (Part II.)
Authors: Pearson H. W. 
Published: May 2009

In the “Gallery of Nature,” Milner, p. 388, it is stated that Brighton (then a mere village) in the time of Elizabeth (1558–1603) “stood upon a site where the sea now rolls, and where the chain pier stands.” We might infer from this statement that at Brighton the sea, since the date mentioned, had been elevated over the land. We cannot draw this conclusion, however, with certainty, for the reasons following:—During the last century the eastern coast of England has been constantly eaten into by the sea; churches, farms, and towers have been repeatedly devoured by the waves. In this district, however, we know that these results have not been caused by a rise in surface-level of the waters; we know that erosion by waves and currents has been the sole cause for these changes. It is absurd, therefore, to assume that Brighton during the last few centuries has alone suffered submergence, while all Britain has elsewhere undergone continual upheaval. Erosion, then, is the more probable explanation of this item, and it should not be held as evidence conflicting with our curve.
IV.—Wind Denudation.—Eolites
Authors: Reade T. Mellard 
Published: May 2009

I am not aware that any geological notice has been taken of the effect of the wind on a flat sandy shore, further than the simple removal of the sand therefrom, and its collection on the sea-margin in the shape of sand dunes.At the present moment a walk on the shore at Blundellsands has vividly impressed me with the efficacy of this agent—wind—as a denuder.Though I have frequently observed the phenomenon I am about to describe, after continued gales from the North-West, I never saw it displayed in so uniform a manner as now.
III. On Preglacial (?) Drift in Queen's County, Ireland
Authors: Kinahan G. Henry 
Published: May 2009

‘The Coal-measure hills that form the outer margin of the Castlecomer table-land are generally covered with local drift; but the drift on nearly all the other Coal-measure hills is largely composed of limestone, even on the top of hills 700 feet high. What is most remarkable, however, is that in some places there are valleys and plains not more than 400 feet above the sea without a particle of limestone-drift on them, while hills in their vicinity are covered with it’.In sinking the various pits in the Queen's County Collieries, a Stratified Drift was found under some of this Boulder-clay. When the place was visited, none of these sections could be examined; but fortunately a record of each was kept in the ‘bore-books’ that are in the possession of the different agents and proprietors.
I.—The Secret of the Highlands
Authors: Lapworth Charles 
Published: May 2009

The theory of the gradual formation of overfolds and overfaults in a stratified system is thus developed by Professor Heim:—Wherever a stratified rock series is subjected to the lateral horizontal thrust of the earth’s crust, a fold is originated. This fold consists of two opposed and symmetrical members, with more or less remote axes, viz. (Plate VIII. Fig. 1)
I.—On the Discovery of Cyclosphæroma in the Porbeck Beds of Aylesbury
Authors: Woodward Henry 
Published: May 2009

In December, 1890, I had the good fortune to describe a new Sphasromid discovered by Mr. Thomas Jesson, B.A., F.G.S., in the Great Oolite of Northampton, which I named Cyclosphæroma trilobatum (see Geol. Mag., 1890, Dec. III, Vol. VII, pp. 529–533, PL XV). This specimen, which is redrawn on the accompanying PI. XIV (Fig- 1), is remarkable for its rounded outline, which induced me to apply to it the name Cyclospharoma.Great was my joy when, in March last, I received from my friend Mr. E. J. Garwood, M.A., F.G.S., another Jurassic Isopod, of which both the intaglio and the, relievo had been obtained by him in the Purbeck beds near Aylesbury. This remarkably beautiful Crustacean proves to be a more perfectly preserved example of the same Sphseromid which I had described in 1890, from the Great Oolite of Northampton, and it needs but to compare Figs. 1 and 2 upon our Plate to perceive that in Fig. 1 the thoracic segments are much compressed together posteriorly, and that the hinder part of the telson is wanting; otherwise the resemblance between it and the newly-found and much more perfect example from the Purbeck beds of Aylesbury (PI. XIV, Fig. 2) is unmistakable.A reference to the diagnosis of the genus (as given in Geol. Mag., 1890, p. 530) will show that it must now be amended in consequence of the discovery of the more complete specimen by Mr. Garwood.
VII.—Notes on the Altered Coniston Flags at Shap
Authors: Hutchings W. Maynard 
Published: May 2009

The alteration undergone by the Coniston Flags, owing to the intrusion of the Shap granite, has been well and fully described by Messrs. Harker and Marr in their most able and interesting paper, read before the Geological Society in the spring of this year, “The Shap Granite and the Associated Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks” (Q.J.G.S. vol. xlvii. 1891).I have worked a great deal, microscopically, on the rocks of this district, both before and since the publication of the results of Harker and Marr, and this work has enabled me in a special manner to appreciate the quality and value of their investigations in this complicated and interesting region. I was so fortunate, two summers ago as to spend some time at Shap with Mr. Marr, who most kindly assisted me to understand some of the problems involved, and pointed out to me the places where specimens of special interest could be collected.
VIII.—On the Secular Straining of the Earth. I.
Authors: Davison Charles 
Published: May 2009

As early as the times of Descrates (1668) and Newton (1681), the “ settling and shrinking of the whole globe after the upper regions or surface began to be hard,”2 was held a sufficient cause for the formation of mountain-chains. Following the growth of our knowledge of mountain-structure, the contraction theory has been rediscovered several times in the present century. It has been worked out in great detail by Élie de Beaumont, Prevost, Delabeche and others; but, above all, by J. D. Dana, the real founder of the theory, in an admirable series of papers extending over the last forty-two years.Leaving its details out of account, the fundamental idea in the contraction theory may be stated as follows: The whole earth was originally at a high temperature throughout, its present distribution of temperature being the result of cooling since the initial epoch.
III.—The Gneissose-Granite of the Himalayas
Authors: McMahon C. A. 
Published: May 2009

The cause, or causes, which result in the foliation of igneous rocks is a subject which at present occupies the attention of many geologists, and seems likely, in the near future, to lead to some discussion. In view of this, a short account of the foliated granite of the Himalayas may be of interest. It may be as well, however, to preface my remarks by saying that I believe that foliation may be produced in several distinct ways, and the explanation which I offer of the mode in which the foliation of the Himalayan granite has been brought about is only intended to apply to the case of that granite.In the following pages I propose to give a brief summary only of some of the more important results worked out in detail in a series of papers published in the Eecords of the Geological Survey of India; and to add thereto a brief consideration of the question whether the foliation of the gneissose-granite of the Himalayas
Smyth the anarchist: fin-de-siècle radicalism in The Wreckers
Authors: ROBINSON SUZANNE 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis essay explores the roots of Ethel Smyth's opera The Wreckers (1903–04), composed to a libretto by H. B. Brewster, in fin-de-siècle debates on the legal and religious regulation of morality. Taking into account Smyth's jaundiced use of Cornish history, the contribution of Brewster's professed individual anarchism and sexual libertarianism, and Smyth's willingness to parody and manipulate musical conventions in order to reinforce radical ideals, it views the work both as a reflection of its authors' engagement with modernism and as a herald of Smyth's subsequent contribution to militant feminism.
Assessing individual dietary intake from common-plate meals: a new tool for an enduring practice
Authors: Abu-Saad Kathleen , Shahar Danit R , Abu-Shareb Heiger , Vardi Hillel , Bilenko Natalya , Fraser Drora 
Published: May 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe purposes of the present study were to estimate individual intake from common-plate meals among Bedouin Arabs using a modified 24 h recall questionnaire, and to evaluate reported energy intake (EI) by comparison with estimated energy requirement (EER).DesignWeighed records were used to develop a method of quantifying intake from common plates. Reported EI and nutrient intakes were obtained from administration of the modified 24 h recall. The relative standard error (RSE) was used to evaluate the reliability of reported nutrient intakes. The FAO/WHO/United Nations University and Oxford equations and reported physical activity levels were used to compute ratios of reported EI to BMR and EER.SettingPopulation centres of traditionally semi-nomadic Bedouin Arabs undergoing sedentarization/urbanization in southern Israel.SubjectsA convenience sample of 451 adults (aged 19–82 years).ResultsMean (se) energy intake was 9648 (276) kJ/d (2306 (66) kcal/d) for men and 8230 (172) kJ/d (1967 (41) kcal/d) for women, of which carbohydrates accounted for 63–64 %. The nutrient intakes evaluated had RSE ratios of less than 25 %. EI:EER ratios ranged from 0·86 to 0·89, and from 0·87 to 0·93 among non-dieters who ate the usual amount on the recall day.ConclusionsThe modified 24 h recall produced plausible estimates of energy and nutrient intakes, comparable to those obtained with the 24 h recall in other populations. The modified questionnaire makes an important contribution to facilitating large-scale nutritional surveillance in the Bedouin population, and may serve as a model for modifying dietary instruments to quantify individual intake in other populations that practise common-plate eating.
Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice: Development of a Standardized Clinical Protocol
Authors: Kempster Gail B. , Gerratt Bruce R. , Verdolini Abbott Katherine , Barkmeier-Kraemer Julie , Hillman Robert E. 
Published: May 2009

Purpose
This article presents the development of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) following a consensus conference on perceptual voice quality measurement sponsored by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s Special Interest Division 3, Voice and Voice Disorders. The CAPE-V protocol and recording form were designed to promote a standardized approach to evaluating and documenting auditory-perceptual judgments of vocal quality.

Method
A summary of the consensus conference proceedings and the factors considered by the authors in developing this instrument are included.

Conclusion
The CAPE-V form and instructions, included as appendices to this article, enable clinicians to document perceived voice quality deviations following a standard (i.e., consistent and specified) protocol.