bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Box-Behnken modeling to optimize the engineering response and the energy expenditure in material extrusion additive manufacturing of short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6
Authors: Petousis Markos , Spiridaki Mariza , Mountakis Nikolaos , Moutsopoulou Amalia , Maravelakis Emmanuel , Vidakis Nectarios 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe field of production engineering is constantly attempting to be distinguished for promoting sustainability, energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and prudent material consumption. In this study, three control parameters (3D printing settings), namely nozzle temperature, travel speed, and layer height (LH) are being investigated on polyamide 6/carbon fiber (15 wt%) tensile specimens. The aim is the optimum combination of energy efficiency and mechanical performance of the specimens. For the analysis of the results, the Box-Behnken design-of-experiment was applied along with the analysis of variance. The statistical analysis conducted based on the experimental results, indicated the importance of the LH control setting, as to affecting the mechanical strength. In particular, the best tensile strength value (σB = 83.52 MPa) came from the 0.1 mm LH. The same LH, whereas caused the highest energy consumption in 3D printing (EPC = 0.252 MJ) and printing time (PT = 2272 s). The lowest energy consumption (EPC = 0.036 MJ) and printing time (PT = 330 s) were found at 0.3 mm LH. Scanning electron microscopy was employed as a part of the manufactured specimens’ 3D printing quality evaluation, while Thermogravimetric analysis was also conducted. The modeling approach led to the formation of equations for the prediction of critical metrics related to energy consumption and the mechanical performance of composite parts built with the MEX 3D printing method. These equations proved their reliability through a confirmation run, which showed that they can safely be applied, within specific boundaries, in real-life applications.
Graphical abstract
Forward Backward SDEs Systems for Utility Maximization in Jump Diffusion Models
Authors: Santacroce Marina , Siri Paola , Trivellato Barbara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider the classical problem of maximizing the expected utility of terminal net wealth with a final random liability in a simple jump-diffusion model. In the spirit of Horst et al. (Stoch Process Appl 124(5):1813–1848, 2014) and Santacroce and Trivellato (SIAM J Control Optim 52(6):3517–3537, 2014), under suitable conditions the optimal strategy is expressed in implicit form in terms of a forward backward system of equations. Some explicit results are presented for the pure jump model and for exponential utilities.
Surgical management and outcomes following atypical subtrochanteric femoral fractures − results from a matched-pair analysis of the registry for geriatric trauma of the German Trauma Society
Authors: Bliemel Christopher , Birkelbach Robert , Knauf Tom , Pass Bastian , Craiovan Benjamin , Schoeneberg Carsten , Ruchholtz Steffen , Bäumlein Martin ,   on behalf of the AltersTraumaRegister DGU
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and objectives
The outcomes of patients with atypical subtrochanteric fractures (ASFs) remain unclear. Data from a large international geriatric trauma registry were analysed to examine the outcome of patients with ASFs compared to patients with typical osteoporotic subtrochanteric fractures (TSFs).

Materials and methods
Data from the Registry for Geriatric Trauma of the German Trauma Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie [DGU]) (ATR-DGU) were analysed. All patients treated surgically for ASFs or TSFs were included in this analysis. Across both fracture types, a paired matching approach was conducted, where statistical twins were formed based on background characteristics sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and walking ability. In-house mortality and mortality rates at the 120-day follow-up, as well as mobility at 7 and 120 days, the reoperation rate, hospital discharge management, the hospital readmission rate at the 120-day follow-up, health-related quality of life, type of surgical treatment and anti-osteoporotic therapy at 7 and 120 days, were assessed as outcome measures using a multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
Amongst the 1,800 included patients, 1,781 had TSFs and 19 had ASFs. Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with ASFs were more often treated with closed intramedullary nailing (RR = 3.59, p < 0.001) and had a higher probability of vitamin D supplementation as osteoporosis therapy at 120 days (RR = 0.88, p < 0.002). Patients with ASFs were also more likely to live at home after surgery (RR = 1.43, p < 0.001), and they also tended to continue living at home more often than patients with TSFs (RR = 1.33, p < 0.001). Accordingly, patients with TSFs had a higher relative risk of losing their self-sufficient living status, as indicated by increased rates of patients living at home preoperatively and being discharged to nursing homes (RR = 0.19, p < 0.001) or other hospitals (RR = 0.00, p < 0.001) postoperatively.

Conclusions
Surgical treatment of ASFs was marked by more frequent use of closed intramedullary fracture reduction. Furthermore, patients with ASFs were more likely to be discharged home and died significantly less often in the given timeframe. The rate of perioperative complications, as indicated by nonsignificant reoperation rates, as well as patient walking abilities during the follow-up period, remained unaffected.
Long-term effects on swallowing and laryngeal function after treatment for severe COVID-19 disease in intensive care
Authors: Dotevall Hans , Tuomi Lisa , Lindell Ellen , Finizia Caterina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to assess swallowing and laryngeal function at long-term follow-up in patients treated for severe COVID-19 in the ICU.

Methods
Thirty-six patients with severe COVID-19 were prospectively examined with fiberendoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) about 6 and 12 months after ICU discharge. Comparison with initial FEES examinations during the time in hospital was performed in 17 patients. Analysis of swallowing function and laryngeal features was performed from video recordings. Twenty-five participants responded to Eating Assessment Tool, Voice Handicap Index, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at follow-up.

Results
Penetration to the laryngeal vestibule (PAS ≥ 3) was seen in 22% and silent aspiration (PAS = 8) in 11% of patients on at least one swallow at follow-up. Fourteen percent had obvious residue in the vallecula and/or pyriform sinuses after swallowing thick liquid or biscuits. Self-reported eating and swallowing difficulties were found in 40% of patients. Abnormal findings in the larynx were present in 53% at follow-up. Thirty-three percent had reduced or impaired vocal fold movement, of whom 22% had bilateral impaired abduction of the vocal folds. Possible anxiety and depression were found in 36% and 24% of responders, respectively.

Conclusion
Although a majority of patients appear to regain normal swallowing function by 1 year after treatment for severe COVID-19, our results indicate that dysphagia, abnormal laryngeal function, and anxiety/depression may remain in a substantial proportion of patients. This suggests that swallowing and laryngeal function, and emotional symptoms, should be followed up systematically over time in this patient group.
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on hair follicle changes in mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced alopecia: histological and biochemical study
Authors: Hassan Yomna F. , Shabaan Dalia A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) represents one of the most severe side effects of chemotherapy, which forces some patients to reject cancer treatment. The exact pathophysiological mechanisms of CIA are not clearly understood, which makes it difficult to discover efficient preventive or therapeutic procedures for this adverse effect. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has a strong antioxidant activity as it stimulates glutathione synthesis and acts as an oxygen radical scavenger. The current study tried to investigate the efficacy of NAC in preserving biochemical parameters and hair follicle structure against cyclophosphamide (CYP) administration. In total, 40 adult female C57BL/6 mice were induced to enter anagen by depilation (day 0) and divided into four groups: group I (control), group II (CYP) received a single dose of CYP [150 mg/kg body weight (B.W.)/intraperitoneal injection (IP)] at day 9, group III (CYP & NAC) received a single dose of CYP at day 9 as well as NAC (500 mg/kg B.W./day/IP) from day 6–16, and group IV (NAC) received NAC from day 6–16. CYP administration in group II induced an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), histological hair follicle dystrophy, disruption of follicular melanogenesis, overexpression of p53, and loss of ki67 immunoreactivity. NAC coadministration in group III reversed CYP-induced alterations in the biochemical parameters and preserved hair follicle structure, typical follicular melanin distribution as well as normal pattern of p53 and ki67 expression. These findings indicated that NAC could be used as an efficient and safe therapeutic option for hair loss induced by chemotherapy.
Targeted effect of ischemic preconditioning on the gas exchange threshold in healthy males and females
Authors: Goldsmith M. , Siegler J. , Green S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIschemic preconditioning (IPC) appears to improve exercise performance although there is uncertainty about the intensity dependence of this effect. The present study sought to clarify effects of IPC on physiological responses at and below peak oxygen uptake, including the gas exchange threshold (GET). Ten male and female participants completed five cycling ramp tests (10 W/min) to failure, with the final two tests preceded by either IPC (4 × 5 min 220 mmHg bilateral leg occlusions) or SHAM (20 mmHg), in a randomised crossover design. The rates of O2 uptake ($$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2), carbon dioxide output ($$\dot{V}$$

V
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CO2), and expired ventilation ($$\dot{V}$$

V
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E) were measured at rest and throughout exercise. Exercise data were fitted using several functions to identify GET, two ventilatory thresholds and peak $$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2. IPC increased $$\dot{V}$$

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O2 at GET by ~ 9% (IPC: 1.89 ± 0.51 L/min, SHAM: 1.73 ± 0.56 L/min; p = 0.055) and power output at GET by ~ 11% (IPC: 133 ± 36 W, SHAM: 120 ± 39 W; p = 0.022). In addition, peak power output increased by 2.4% following IPC (IPC: 217 ± 50 W, SHAM: 212 ± 51 W; p = 0.052), but there was no significant effect of IPC on peak $$\dot{V}$$

V
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O2 (IPC: 2.87 ± 0.68 L/min, SHAM: 2.84 ± 0.73 L/min; p = 0.60) or the ventilatory thresholds. The present results suggest that IPC improves GET and peak power output but not peak $$\dot{V}$$

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O2 during a maximal graded test.
Benign metastasizing fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient uterine leiomyomas: clinicopathological and molecular study with first documentation of multi-organ metastases
Authors: Yin Xiaoxue , Wei Xiaoxia , Al Shamsi Ruqaiya , Ali Fatima S. , Al Kindi Faiza , Zhang Xingming , Liang Jiayu , Pan Xiuyi , Al Masqari Mohammed , Zheng Linmao , Zhou Qiao , Agaimy Abbas , Chen Ni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLeiomyoma is the most prevalent benign tumor of the female reproductive system. Benign metastasizing leiomyoma (BML) is a rare phenomenon that presents at distant sites, typically the lungs, exhibiting histopathological features similar to the primary uterine tumor in the absence of malignancy features in both. Fumarate hydratase-deficient uterine leiomyoma (FH-d UL) is an uncommon subtype among uterine smooth muscle tumors (0.5–2%), showing distinctive histomorphology and FH inactivation. The majority of FH-d ULs are sporadic, caused by somatic FH inactivation, while a minority of cases occur in the context of the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) syndrome caused by germline FH inactivation. Metastasizing FH-d UL has not been well documented and might be under-reported. Here, we present two cases (21- and 34-year-old females) who presented with metastasizing FH-d UL after myomectomy/hysterectomy with histologically proven multiple lung metastases in both, in addition to multi-organ involvement in one case (cervical-thoracic lymph nodes, left kidney, perihepatic region, left zygomatic bone, and soft tissues). Pathological examination confirmed FH-d leiomyomas in the primary/recurrent uterine tumors, multiple lung lesions, and a renal mass. The minimal criteria for diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma were not fulfilled. Genetic testing revealed germline pathogenic FH variants in both cases (c.1256C > T; p.Ser419Leu in Case 1 and c.425A > G; p.Gln142Arg in Case 2). These novel cases highlight a rare but possibly under-recognized presentation of FH-d BML. Our study suggests that FH-d BML cases might be enriched for the HLRCC syndrome.
Functional mapping of the somatosensory cortex using noninvasive fMRI and touch in awake dogs
Authors: Guran C.-N. Alexandrina , Boch Magdalena , Sladky Ronald , Lonardo Lucrezia , Karl Sabrina , Huber Ludwig , Lamm Claus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDogs are increasingly used as a model for neuroscience due to their ability to undergo functional MRI fully awake and unrestrained, after extensive behavioral training. Still, we know rather little about dogs’ basic functional neuroanatomy, including how basic perceptual and motor functions are localized in their brains. This is a major shortcoming in interpreting activations obtained in dog fMRI. The aim of this preregistered study was to localize areas associated with somatosensory processing. To this end, we touchedN = 22 dogs undergoing fMRI scanning on their left and right flanks using a wooden rod. We identified activation in anatomically defined primary and secondary somatosensory areas (SI and SII), lateralized to the contralateral hemisphere depending on the side of touch, and importantly also activation beyond SI and SII, in the cingulate cortex, right cerebellum and vermis, and the sylvian gyri. These activations may partly relate to motor control (cerebellum, cingulate), but also potentially to higher-order cognitive processing of somatosensory stimuli (rostral sylvian gyri), and the affective aspects of the stimulation (cingulate). We also found evidence for individual side biases in a vast majority of dogs in our sample, pointing at functional lateralization of somatosensory processing. These findings not only provide further evidence that fMRI is suited to localize neuro-cognitive processing in dogs, but also expand our understanding of in vivo touch processing in mammals, beyond classically defined primary and secondary somatosensory cortices.
A novel network-based method identifies a cuproplasia-related pan-cancer gene signature to predict patient outcome
Authors: Pham Vu Viet Hoang , Jue Toni Rose , Bell Jessica Lilian , Luciani Fabio , Michniewicz Filip , Cirillo Giuseppe , Vahdat Linda , Mayoh Chelsea , Vittorio Orazio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCopper is a vital micronutrient involved in many biological processes and is an essential component of tumour cell growth and migration. Copper influences tumour growth through a process called cuproplasia, defined as abnormal copper-dependent cell-growth and proliferation. Copper-chelation therapy targeting this process has demonstrated efficacy in several clinical trials against cancer. While the molecular pathways associated with cuproplasia are partially known, genetic heterogeneity across different cancer types has limited the understanding of how cuproplasia impacts patient survival. Utilising RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets, we generated gene regulatory networks to identify the critical cuproplasia-related genes across 23 different cancer types. From this, we identified a novel 8-gene cuproplasia-related gene signature associated with pan-cancer survival, and a 6-gene prognostic risk score model in low grade glioma. These findings highlight the use of gene regulatory networks to identify cuproplasia-related gene signatures that could be used to generate risk score models. This can potentially identify patients who could benefit from copper-chelation therapy and identifies novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
MCHIAO: a modified coronavirus herd immunity-Aquila optimization algorithm based on chaotic behavior for solving engineering problems
Authors: Selim Heba , Haikal Amira Y. , Labib Labib M. , Saafan Mahmoud M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a hybrid Modified Coronavirus Herd Immunity Aquila Optimization Algorithm (MCHIAO) that compiles the Enhanced Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer (ECHIO) algorithm and Aquila Optimizer (AO). As one of the competitive human-based optimization algorithms, the Coronavirus Herd Immunity Optimizer (CHIO) exceeds some other biological-inspired algorithms. Compared to other optimization algorithms, CHIO showed good results. However, CHIO gets confined to local optima, and the accuracy of large-scale global optimization problems is decreased. On the other hand, although AO has significant local exploitation capabilities, its global exploration capabilities are insufficient. Subsequently, a novel metaheuristic optimizer, Modified Coronavirus Herd Immunity Aquila Optimizer (MCHIAO), is presented to overcome these restrictions and adapt it to solve feature selection challenges. In this paper, MCHIAO is proposed with three main enhancements to overcome these issues and reach higher optimal results which are cases categorizing, enhancing the new genes’ value equation using the chaotic system as inspired by the chaotic behavior of the coronavirus and generating a new formula to switch between expanded and narrowed exploitation. MCHIAO demonstrates it’s worth contra ten well-known state-of-the-art optimization algorithms (GOA, MFO, MPA, GWO, HHO, SSA, WOA, IAO, NOA, NGO) in addition to AO and CHIO. Friedman average rank and Wilcoxon statistical analysis (p-value) are conducted on all state-of-the-art algorithms testing 23 benchmark functions. Wilcoxon test and Friedman are conducted as well on the 29 CEC2017 functions. Moreover, some statistical tests are conducted on the 10 CEC2019 benchmark functions. Six real-world problems are used to validate the proposed MCHIAO against the same twelve state-of-the-art algorithms. On classical functions, including 24 unimodal and 44 multimodal functions, respectively, the exploitative and explorative behavior of the hybrid algorithm MCHIAO is evaluated. The statistical significance of the proposed technique for all functions is demonstrated by the p-values calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as these p-values are found to be less than 0.05.
Using calcaneal plates in fixation of comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures with cranial or posterior extension: a prospective case series and novel technique
Authors: Fahmy Mahmoud , Yasin Ebeed , Abdelmoneim Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of using calcaneal plate in fixation of comminuted posterior wall (PW) acetabular fractures especially that have cranial (dome) or posterior extension (posterior column edge), and to evaluate its safety. To our knowledge, this is the first study that utilizes this off label implant technique in fixation of such fracture.

Methods
Twenty-two patients enrolled in the study with a minimum follow up of one year. After reducing the PW fragments sequentially, calcaneal plate was applied, fixing its distal part at ischial tuberosity upper ends using 3 screws in a triangular fashion, while its proximal part and radial wings were firmly fixed along the acetabular rim together with the classic longitudinal anchorage. Any fixation failure or head subluxation was recorded.

Results
Radiological outcome showed 18 cases scored as excellent, 2 were good, and 2 were poor. The functional outcome revealed 2 patients were excellent, 6 were very good and 14 were good. There was no loss of reduction or fixation failures throughout the follow up period.

Conclusion
Calcaneal plate may offer an alternative method of fixation of comminuted PW fractures with acceptable radiological and functional results. Our study result may encourage the comprehensibility and replicability of this practice, however randomized multicentered studies should be conducted to validate this assumption. This method provides valuable trick strategy, stable and soft-tissue-friendly fracture fixation where modern implantations may be unavailable or of high cost. Calcaneal plates show some fascinating features that allow using them outside their field being flexible with large footprint area for fracture buttressing beside numerous hole choices with diverse paths providing suitable fixation, articular stability and wide zone of coverage in PW comminuted fracture patterns with cranial or posterior extensions. The plate proximal triangular configuration together with distal triangular screw fixation gives a stiff rigid anchorage and buttressing similar to a metal mesh covering and fixing any fragment numbers up to dome level.
A New Simplified Discrete Fracture Model for Shearing of Intersecting Fractures and Faults
Authors: Hu Mengsu , Sasaki Tsubasa , Rutqvist Jonny , Birkholzer Jens 
Published: April 2024

AbstractShearing of fractures and faults is important because it can result in permeability change or even induce seismicity—both are keys for efficient and safe energy recovery and storage in Earth systems. Quantitative analysis of shearing of intersecting fractures and faults is challenging because it can involve dynamic frictional contacts that are complicated by deformation of the rock matrix. To predict the shearing of intersecting fractures/faults, we attempt to answer the question of how intersections impact the shearing of a fracture network and whether we can simplify the description as compared to classical discrete fracture network (DFN) models. To answer these questions, we conducted a series of numerical simulations on scenarios for variable numbers of intersecting fractures. All these examples yield consistent results: the results of using DFNs are consistent with those of using hypothetical major paths. This leads to a new model, which we name simplified discrete fracture network model, to analyze shearing of intersecting fractures/faults using major path(s). We found that the intersections of fractures do not fundamentally change the shearing of two intersecting fractures if the intersecting angles are small. Furthermore, increasing the number of fractures/faults may relax the stress as more fractures/faults become available for shearing and distributing the stress. The simplified DFN model, which can capture efficiently the shearing behavior of each major paths from a large number of intersecting fractures/faults, will be a promising conceptual model that is complementary to existing equivalent continuum and discrete fracture models to analyze shearing of intersecting fractures/faults.