bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial adherence to separated modular components in joint prosthesis: A clinical study
Authors: Gómez‐Barrena Enrique , Esteban Jaime , Medel Francisco , Molina‐Manso Diana , Ortiz‐Pérez Alberto , Cordero‐Ampuero Jose , Puértolas José A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBacterial adherence on total joint replacement implants may lead to biofilm formation and implant‐related osteoarticular infection. It is unclear if different biomaterials in the prosthetic components are more prone to facilitate this bacterial adherence, although ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) component exchange in modular systems has been clinically utilized in the early management of these infections. To clarify if the amount of clinically adhered microorganisms was related to the material or the component, we investigated retrieved implants from infected joint replacements. Thirty‐two patients were revised after confirmed implant‐related infection through positive cultures. Eighty‐seven total joint components (hip and knee) were obtained and separately sonicated following a previously published protocol. Cultures were quantified, and detected colony forming units (CFU) were adjusted according to the component surface and compared based on the component material and location. Variable adherence of bacteria to chrome cobalt alloys, UHMWPE, hydroxyapatite coated components, and titanium alloys. The commonest isolated organisms wereStaphylococcus epidermidis(23 of 87 components) andStaphylococcus aureus(10 of 87). Twelve components did not show any microorganism adhered despite location in an infected joint, with positive cultures in other components. A mixed linear model adjusted for random effects (the random effect being the infected patient) obtained convergence for the CFU/mm2variable, but could not confirm a significantly higher adherence to a particular component or to a particular biomaterial. Therefore, the bacterial adherence primarily depends on the infective microorganism and the response of each individual patient, rather than materials or components. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1634–1639, 2012
The effect of betaine on in vitro fermentation of carbohydrate and protein combinations under osmotic stress in pigs
Authors: Rink Franziska , Bauer Eva , Eklund Meike , Mosenthin Rainer 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: There is evidence that dietary betaine might improve nutrient digestibilities in pigs due to its osmoprotective properties. This in vitro study was performed to assess the potential of supplemented betaine sources to affect fermentation characteristics of different carbohydrate and protein combinations, under conditions of osmotic stress. In vitro fermentation was performed by use of the modified Hohenheim gas test with pig faeces as microbial inoculum.RESULTS: At the end of in vitro fermentation under osmotic stress conditions, differences (P < 0.05) in gas production, ammonia concentration, and concentration of short‐chain fatty acids were observed for the different carbohydrates, while for the two proteins only differences (P < 0.05) in ammonia and short‐chain fatty acid concentration were obtained. Supplementation of a native betaine source rather than addition of pure betaine increased propionic acid (P < 0.05) and butyric acid (P < 0.05) production.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that only supplementation of a native betaine source but not of pure betaine products affects microbial fermentation under osmotic stress. Furthermore, both the carbohydrate and protein source play an important role in modifying microbial activity under osmotic stress conditions. It can also be concluded that the modified Hohenheim gas test is suitable to scrutinise fermentation activity of different assay substrates under osmotic stress. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Wellness Tourism in China: Resources, Development and Marketing
Authors: Heung Vincent C. S. , Kucukusta Deniz 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTChina's natural and cultural resources are the foremost offerings of the country's wellness tourism sector. Although wellness tourism in China is in its infancy, it can offer new opportunities in, and strengthen the overall competitiveness of, China's tourism industry. To achieve this, the assessment and development of wellness tourism resources in China are required. This study examines the potential for wellness tourism development in terms of resources and promotion from the point of view of wellness tourism experts. It surveys professionals working in tourism, health and education in China. The results reveal that environmental assets, including fresh air, clean water and natural features, are considered the most important attributes for the development of wellness tourism in China and that the promotion of wellness tourism can best be achieved through advertising in mass media, governmental support and organizing new regional events. The study implications and future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcendent Experience, Flow and Happiness for Mountain Climbers
Authors: Tsaur Sheng‐Hshiung , Yen Chang‐Hua , Hsiao Shu‐Ling 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMountaineering has become a popular form of adventure tourism. However, previous research has never explored the construct of transcendent experience and its effects on mountaineering. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among transcendent experience, flow and happiness. Survey data from 339 mountain climbers in Taiwan indicate that transcendent experience positively affects flow and happiness. In addition, flow mediates the effect of transcendent experience on happiness. However, the relationship between flow and hedonic enjoyment is insignificant for novices. Implications of these findings as well as future research are subsequently discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incorporating MM Quadruple Bonds Into Conjugated Organic Oligomers: Syntheses and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Chisholm Malcolm H. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMetal–metal (MM) quadruply bonded units supported by four carboxylate ligands MM(O2CR)4, where MM = Mo2, MoW, or W2 react with dicarboxylic acids or monocarboxylic acids to generate compounds of the form [(RCO2)3MM]2 (O2C–X–CO2) (I), and trans‐MM(O2CR)2 (O2C–X)2 (II), where X is a π‐conjugated group, under appropriate conditions. (I) and (II) provide model compounds for extended‐chain polymers/oligomers of formula [(RCO2)2MM(O2C–X–CO2)] (III). Oxidation of (I) and reduction of (II) lead to mixed valence (MV) metal‐ and organic‐centered ions, respectively, which have been characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance and UV–Vis–near infrared spectroscopy. Photochemical excitation of compounds (I) and (II) leads to metal–ligand charge transfer states. Time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy has been employed to determine the charge distribution and dynamics in the S1 and T1 states.
Expression of a small (p)ppGpp synthetase, YwaC, in the (p)ppGpp0 mutant of Bacillus subtilis triggers YvyD‐dependent dimerization of ribosome
Authors: Tagami Kazumi , Nanamiya Hideaki , Kazo Yuka , Maehashi Marie , Suzuki Shota , Namba Eri , Hoshiya Masahiro , Hanai Ryo , Tozawa Yuzuru , Morimoto Takuya , Ogasawara Naotake , Kageyama Yasushi , Ara Katsutoshi , Ozaki Katsuya , Yoshida Masaki , Kuroiwa Haruko , Kuroiwa Tsuneyoshi , Ohashi Yoshiaki , Kawamura Fujio 
Published: April 2012

AbstractTo elucidate the biological functions of small (p)ppGpp synthetases YjbM and YwaC of Bacillus subtilis, we constructed RIK1059 and RIK1066 strains carrying isopropyl‐β‐D‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) inducible yjbM and ywaC genes, respectively, in the ΔrelA ΔyjbM ΔywaC triple mutant background. While the uninduced and IPTG‐induced RIK1059 cells grew similarly in LB medium, the growth of RIK1066 cells was arrested following the addition of IPTG during the early exponential growth phase. Induction of YwaC expression by IPTG also severely decreased the intracellular GTP level and drastically altered the transcriptional profile in RIK1066 cells. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis of the ribosomal fractions prepared from the IPTG‐induced RIK1066 cells revealed three peaks corresponding to 30S, 50S, and 70S ribosome particles, and also an extra peak. Electron microscope studies revealed that the extra peak fraction contained dimers of 70S ribosomes, which were similar to the Escherichia coli 100S ribosomes. Proteomic analysis revealed that the 70S dimer contained an extra protein, YvyD, in addition to those found in the 70S ribosome. Accordingly, strain resulting from the disruption of the yvyD gene in the RIK1066 cells was unable to form 70S dimers following IPTG induction, indicating that YvyD is required for the formation of these dimers in B. subtilis.
GDNF overexpression fails to provoke muscle recovery from botulinum toxin poisoning: A preliminary study
Authors: Lin Kenny F. , Sun Hank H. , Macewan Matthew R. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Johnson Philip J. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has potent axonal growth and survival effects on motoneurons. This study used transgenic Myo‐GDNF mice to assess the effects of targeted GDNF overexpression on functional recovery after botulinum toxin type A (BTxA) chemodenervation. BTxA (0.1 U) was injected into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of wild‐type CF1 and transgenic Myo‐GDNF mice. On days 1, 7, 14, and 21 after injection, evoked muscle force production and muscle mass were measured (n = 6, for each group at each time point). Greater maximal tetanic force and calculated specific force were evoked in Myo‐GDNF animals when compared with control CF1 animals at days 1, 7, and 21. However, the differences were not statistically significant. Similarly, modest reductions in muscle atrophy in the Myo‐GDNF group at all time points were not statistically significant. Targeted overexpression of GDNF in the muscles of Myo‐GDNF mice did not improve motor recovery in the first 21 days after BTxA chemodenervation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction of a massive lumbosacral defect using superior gluteal artery perforator vessels
Authors: Gaster Richard S. , Bhatt Kirit A. , Shelton Andrew A. , Lee Gordon K. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDespite significant advances in reconstructive surgery, the repair of massive lumbosacral defects poses significant challenges. When the extent of soft tissue loss, tumor resection, and/or radiation therapy preclude the use of traditional local options, such as gluteal advancement flaps or pedicled thigh flaps, then distant flaps are required. We report a case of a 64‐year‐old male who presented with a large sacral Marjolin's ulcer secondary to recurrent pilonidal cysts and ulcerations. The patient underwent wide local composite resection, which resulted in a wound measuring 450 cm2 with exposed rectum and sacrum. The massive defect was successfully covered with a free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, providing a well‐vascularized skin paddle and obviating the need for a latissimus flap with skin graft. The free‐TRAM flap proved to be a very robust flap in this situation and would be one of our flaps of choice for similar defects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2012.
Stability of anchored sheet wall in cohesive‐frictional soils by FE limit analysis
Authors: Muñoz J. J. , Lyamin A. V. , Huerta A. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThis study extends the limit analysis techniques used for the computation of strict bounds of the load factors in solids to stability problems with interfaces, anchors and joints. The cases considered include the pull‐out capacity of multi‐belled anchors and the stability of retaining walls for multiple conditions at the anchor/soil and wall/soil interfaces. Three types of wall supports are examined: free standing wall, simply supported wall and anchored wall. The results obtained are compared against available experimental and numerical data. The conclusion drawn confirms the validity of numerical limit analysis for the computation of accurate bounds on limit loads and capturing failure modes of structures with multiple inclusions of complex interfaces and support conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic simulation of damage‐fracture transition in smoothed particles hydrodynamics shells
Authors: Caleyron F. , Combescure A. , Faucher V. , Potapov S. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a meshless method for the modeling of shell‐type structures in fast dynamics. The model is based on the Mindlin–Reissner theory and takes into account material and geometric nonlinearities. The phenomena that occur prior to rupture are dealt with using damage laws, while the rupture itself is represented through the introduction of sharp discontinuities. The method does not represent cracks explicitly, which makes the treatment of multicracking easier. The time discretization is carried out in the framework of explicit dynamics, and the spatial discretization is handled through the smoothed particles hydrodynamics method and the use of moving least square functions. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated using cracking, puncturing and fragmentation examples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bipenalty method from a frequency domain perspective
Authors: Ilanko Sinniah , Monterrubio Luis E. 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYIn a recent paper, it was shown that for time domain analysis, the simultaneous use of inertial and stiffness type penalty parameters to enforce constraints was found to yield accurate and converging results without causing any stability problems. From a frequency domain perspective, this is somewhat unexpected because the solution converges from below when stiffness penalty parameters are used to model constraints, and the convergence is from above when inertial penalty parameters are used. The purpose of this paper is to explain the effect of the simultaneous use of stiffness and inertial penalty parameters on the natural frequencies of constrained systems. In this work, it is shown that if suitably tuned, the bipenalty approach works well for frequency domain analysis also, and that with two different tuned set of stiffness and inertial penalty parameters, bounded solutions to the natural frequencies of constrained systems may be obtained. The method is applicable for any linear eigenvalue problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graduate medical education changes: Yes we can or enough already?
Authors: Leavey Patrick J. , Jubran Rima F. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) established new duty hour recommendations for pediatric subspecialty trainees in July 2011. Short‐term and long‐term implications to Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (PHO) are reviewed. Other modifications have been introduced by the ACGME and the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) in the last decade, including the introduction of the six core competencies and an expansion in the definition of scholarship for fellows. The effect of these on fellows are discussed with suggested strategies for PHO to prepare for further change likely to result from a new ABP initiative to evaluate subspecialty training and certification over the next 3 years. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1168–1172. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Willis Alecia S. , van den Veyver Ignatia , Eng Christine M. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTMultiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is a recent technique for the relative quantitation of up to 40 to 45 nucleic acid targets. Due to its relative simplicity, low cost, and availability of laboratory‐developed and more than 300 commercially‐developed assays, MLPA has become more widely used for both research and diagnostic applications. The MLPA platform is now extensively applied for postnatal diagnosis of genetic disorders and has recently been used for prenatal diagnosis. The published uses of MLPA for prenatal diagnosis include detection of aneuploidies, common microdeletion syndromes and subtelomeric copy‐number changes, identification of marker chromosomes, and detection of familial copy‐number changes in single genes. This review describes the technique of MLPA in detail and offers considerations for the interpretation of results in the clinical diagnostic setting. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular recognition: polymers comprising isomeric meta‐/para‐isopropylphenol and N‐isopropylacrylamide and their supramolecular complexes with methylated β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Gingter Sabrina , van Sloun Claudia , Ritter Helmut 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe describe the molecular recognition of polymeric attached isomers meta‐isopropylphenol and para‐isopropylphenol, respectively, in a copolymer of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) by use of randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin (RAMEB‐CD). The acrylic monomers 4‐ and 3‐isopropylphenylacrylate were synthesized and radically copolymerized with NIPAAm yielding the corresponding polymers. The supramolecular structures resulting from complexation with RAMEB‐CD were characterized using dynamic light scattering, turbidity, NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration. We found differences in binding constant, mean coil size and cloud point as a result of different complexations of the mentioned polymer‐bound isomers with RAMEB‐CD. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characteristics of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐methacrylic acid)/Fe3O4 thermosensitive magnetic composite hollow latex particles
Authors: Lee Chia‐Fen , Lin Mei‐Ling , Wang Yu‐Cheng , Chiu Wen‐Yen 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn this study, the poly(NIPAAm–MAA)/Fe3O4 hollow latex particles were synthesized by three steps. The first step was to synthesize the poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐methylacrylate acid) (poly(MMA‐MAA)) copolymer latex particles by the method of soapless emulsion polymerization. Following the first step, the second step was to polymerize N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), MAA, and crosslinking agent (N,N'‐methylene‐bisacrylamide (MBA)) in the presence of poly(MMA‐MAA) latex particles to form the linear poly(MMA‐MAA)/crosslinking poly (NIPAAm‐MAA) core‐shell latex particles. After the previous processes, the core‐shell latex particles were heated in the presence of NH4OH to dissolve the linear poly(MMA‐MAA) core in order to form the poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) hollow latex particles. In the third step, Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions were introduced to bond with the COOH groups of MAA segments in the poly(NIPAAm‐MAA) hollow polymer latex particles. Further by a reaction with NH4OH and then Fe3O4 nanoparticles were generated in situ and the poly(NIPAAm‐MAA)/Fe3O4 magnetic composite hollow latex particles were formed. The concentrations of MAA, crosslinking agent (N,N'‐methylene bisacrylamide), and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were important factors to influence the morphology of hollow latex particles and lower critical solution temperature of poly(NIPAAm–MAA)/Fe3O4 magnetic composite hollow latex particles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
PDMS network blends of amphiphilic acrylic copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol)‐fluoroalkyl side chains for fouling‐release coatings. I. Chemistry and stability of the film surface
Authors: Martinelli Elisa , Sarvothaman Mahesh K. , Alderighi Michele , Galli Giancarlo , Mielczarski Ela , Mielczarski Jerzy A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAmphiphilic copolymers of a methacrylic monomer (SiMA) carrying a polysiloxane side chain and an acrylic monomer (ZA) with a mixed poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐fluoroalkyl side chain (10–85 mol % ZA) were incorporated as the surface‐active components into poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) network blends at different loadings (1 and 4 wt % with respect to PDMS). Wettability of the coating surfaces was investigated by contact angle measurements, and their surface chemical composition was determined by angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the surface segregation of the fluoroalkyl segments of the amphiphilic copolymers was responsible for the high enrichment in fluorine concentration within 10 nm of the coating surface. The PEG segments were also concentrated at the polymer−air interface. The chemical composition of the films was proven to be relatively little affected by immersion in water. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Amphiphilic Block‐Graft Copolymers Poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐(polycarbonates‐g‐palmitate) Prepared via the Combination of Ring‐Opening Polymerization and Click Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Xiaojin , Zhang Zhenguo , Zhong Zhenlin , Zhuo Renxi 
Published: April 2012

AbstractAmphiphilic block‐graft copolymers mPEG‐b‐P(DTC‐ADTC‐g‐Pal) were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of 2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) and 2,2‐bis(azidomethyl)trimethylene carbonate (ADTC) with poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG) as an initiator, followed by the click reaction of propargyl palmitate and the pendant azido groups on the polymer chains. Stable micelle solutions of the amphiphilic block‐graft copolymers could be prepared by adding water to a THF solution of the polymer followed by the removal of the organic solvent by dialysis. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the micelles had a narrow size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy images displayed that the micelles were in spherical shape. The grafted structure could enhance the interaction of polymer chains with drug molecules and improve the drug‐loading capacity and entrapment efficiency. Further, the amphiphilic block‐graft copolymers mPEG‐b‐P(DTC‐ADTC‐g‐Pal) were low cytotoxic and had more sustained drug release behavior. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Variability of a closed, rebreathing setup for multiple breath wash‐out testing in children
Authors: Pittman Jessica E. , Johnson Robin C. , Jones Paul W. , Davis Stephanie D. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe multiple breath wash‐out technique (MBW) that measures lung clearance index (LCI) and functional residual capacity (FRC) may be more sensitive than spirometry for identification of early obstructive airways disease. The open MBW setup using mass spectrometry referenced in previous publications is not readily available in the U.S. Our objective was to assess validity and sensitivity of a commercially available device that uses a closed (rebreathing) setup with photoacoustic spectroscopy for MBW testing.Study Design and MethodsSubjects aged 5–21 who were either healthy or had a history of cystic fibrosis were enrolled. Subjects completed MBW (Innocor device; Innovision, Denmark) and spirometry; measures obtained included LCI, FRC, and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, as well as changes in end‐tidal carbon dioxide levels (CO2) and tidal volume during MBW testing.ResultsSeventeen subjects attempted a total of 76 MBW maneuvers; 80% were completed and 60% met criteria for acceptability; most were unacceptable due to errors in the tracer gas curve. Substantial intra‐subject variability for LCI and FRC were noted (mean 26% ± 55 and 36% ± 63, respectively). Subjects were also noted to have significant increases in exhaled CO2 and tidal volume during MBW testing.ConclusionsIn our initial experience using a commercially available closed setup for MBW testing, we found a significant degree of intra‐subject variability leading us to suspend testing. Variability could be due to hypercapnea and instability of tidal breathing secondary to the rebreathing setup. Further studies are needed to better understand the closed system MBW setup. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:1242–1250. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.