bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the new body fluid mode on the Sysmex XE-5000 for counting leukocytes and erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids
Authors: de Jonge Robert , Brouwer Rob , de Graaf Marieke T. , Luitwieler Ronald L. , Fleming Cherina , de Frankrijker-Merkestijn Magda , Sillevis Smitt Peter A.E. , Boonstra Joke G. , Lindemans Jan 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background: We evaluated the body fluid (BF) mode on the new Sysmex XE-5000 analyzer.

Methods: Red (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) (differential) counts of BFs (139 patient samples and 87 normal samples) were measured and compared to the Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber and stained cytospin slides.

Results: Extended cell counting using the BF mode was noted to have an improved WBC detection limit (CV20%) of 10×106/L. Excellent agreement with the manual method was observed for most BFs [mean bias +2 to 6×106/L for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and –1 to 12×106/L for other fluids]. In CSF, the BF-mode counted more WBC (polymorphic nuclear cells) compared with the manual method (mean bias +5 to 6×106/L), especially in samples with low cell counts (<20×106/L). Carry over was negligible (mostly <0.17%) and linearity was excellent (mean bias <5%). The reference ranges for CSF (n=87) were RBC 0×106/L, WBC and mononuclear <7×106/L, and polymorph nucleated cells <3×106/L.

Conclusions: The BF mode on the Sysmex XE-5000 offers rapid and accurate RBC and WBC (differential) counts in clinically relevant concentration ranges in CSF and other fluids. In addition, the exclusion of high fluorescent cells, such as mesothelial cells and macrophages from WBC counting may reduce the number of manual analyses in pleural fluids and ascites.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:665–75.
Comparative Evaluation of Topical and Electronic Anesthesia During Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Pandit Nymphea , Gupta Rajan , Chandoke Urvashi , Gugnani Shalini 
Published: March 2010

Background: Scaling and root planing (SRP) in periodontitis is considered to be painful and thus requires anesthesia. The present study evaluates the effectiveness of a eutectic mixture of 25 mg/g lignocaine plus 25 mg/g prilocaine and thermosetting agents (EMLA), 20% lignocaine patch, and electronic dental anesthesia (EDA) during SRP.Methods: In a single‐center, randomized, controlled study, 25 subjects with probing depth of 5 mm or more and visual analog scale (VAS) score of ≥30 mm on probing were selected and asked to assess the pain by VAS and verbal rating scale (VRS) during SRP after application of the three agents.Results: The difference between VAS values of patch and EDA (P = 0.012) and EMLA and EDA (P = 0.018) is significant, whereas that between patch and EMLA is non‐significant (P = 1.000). The difference between VRS values of patch and EDA (P = 0.046) is significant, whereas that between patch and EMLA (P = 0.655) and EMLA and EDA (P = 0.180) is non‐significant. According to the VRS scores, 12% of the subjects in the patch group reported no pain, 84% mild pain, and 4% moderate pain. In the EMLA group, 16% reported no pain, 76% mild pain, and 8% moderate pain. In the EDA group, 88% reported mild pain and 12% moderate pain. None reported severe pain. One subject in the patch group had an adverse event of slight redness.Conclusions: The data suggest the topical agents used, 5% EMLA and 20% lignocaine patch, are more effective and comparable. Both are superior in performance to EDA.
Immediate Placement of Implants Into Infected Sites: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Waasdorp Jonathan A. , Evian Cyril I. , Mandracchia Martine 
Published: March 2010

Background: Immediate implant placement of dental implants into fresh extraction sockets was shown to be a predictable and successful procedure when proper protocols were followed. Placement into infected sites has been considered a relative contraindication. However, data from animal research, human case reports and case series, and prospective studies showed similar success rates for implants placed into infected sites compared to implants placed in non‐infected or pristine sites. The focus questions addressed in this review are: Does the presence of infection compromise the osseointegration of immediate placement of implants? Does the presence of infection compromise immediately placed implant success? What protocols have been used to address the infection prior to immediate implant placement?Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed articles published from 1982 up to and including November 2009 was independently performed by two investigators (JAW and CIE). The search strategy used combinations of the following terms: dental implants, immediate, immediately, extraction, infection, infected, and pathology. The search included data from animal and human studies. The selection criteria excluded animal studies that did not include a pristine control group and human case reports and case series with <1 year of follow‐up. All prospective human studies were included. Studies were limited to those published in the English language, and review article data were excluded.Results: The search strategy initially yielded 417 references. After screening the abstracts for those related to the focus questions, 12 publications qualified for inclusion. The majority of studies examined sites with chronic periapical infection; however, the classification of infection was often vague and not categorized to be related to the outcome. The data from animal studies demonstrated high levels of implant survival, although conflicting data showed that the bone‐to‐implant contact may be impaired. Human studies showed high levels of implant survival consistent with therapy in non‐infected sites, but evidence was limited to a small number of studies and patients. Thorough debridement and the use of systemic antibiotics were employed in all studies.Conclusions: Evidence suggests implants can be placed into sites with periapical and periodontal infections. The sites must be thoroughly debrided prior to placement. Guided bone regeneration is usually performed to fill the bone–implant gap and/or socket deficiencies. Although controversial, systemic antibiotics should be used until further controlled trials prove otherwise.
Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures Treated with Posterior Decompression and Pedicle Screw Instrumentation Supplemented with Balloon-Assisted Vertebroplasty and Calcium Phosphate Reconstruction
Authors: Marco Rex A.W. , Meyer B. Christoph , Kushwaha Vivek P. 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND:
The treatment of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures with short-segment posterior spinal instrumentation without anterior column reconstruction is associated with a high rate of screw breakage and progressive loss of reduction. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the functional, neurologic, and radiographic results following transpedicular, balloon-assisted fracture reduction with anterior column reconstruction with use of calcium phosphate bone cement combined with short-segment posterior instrumentation and a laminectomy.

METHODS:
A consecutive series of thirty-eight patients with an unstable thoracolumbar burst fracture with or without neurologic deficit were managed with transpedicular, balloon-assisted fracture reduction, calcium phosphate bone cement reconstruction, and short-segment spinal instrumentation from 2002 to 2005. Twenty-eight of the thirty-eight patients were followed for a minimum of two years. Demographic data, neurologic function, segmental kyphosis, the fracture severity score, canal compromise, the Short Form-36 score, the Oswestry Disability Index score, and treatment-related complications were evaluated prospectively.

RESULTS:
All thirteen patients with incomplete neurologic deficits had improvement by at least one Frankel grade. The mean kyphotic angulation improved from 17° preoperatively to 7° at the time of the latest follow-up, and the loss of vertebral body height improved from a mean of 42% preoperatively to 14% at the time of the latest follow-up. Screw breakage occurred in two patients, and pseudarthrosis occurred in one patient.

CONCLUSIONS:
The present study demonstrates that excellent reduction of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures with and without associated neurologic deficits can be maintained with use of short-segment instrumentation and a transpedicular balloon-assisted reduction combined with anterior column reconstruction with calcium phosphate bone cement performed through a single posterior incision. The resultant circumferential stabilization combined with a decompressive laminectomy led to maintained or improved neurologic function in all patients with neurologic deficits, with a low rate of instrumentation failure and loss of correction.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:
“Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures Treated with Posterior Decompression and Pedicle Screw Instrumentation Supplemented with Balloon-Assisted Vertebroplasty and Calcium Phosphate Reconstruction” (2009;91:20-8).
Subtalar Fusion After Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: Does Initial Operative Treatment Matter?
Authors: Radnay Craig S. , Clare Michael P. , Sanders Roy W. 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND:
Many patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures require subtalar arthrodesis for the treatment of posttraumatic arthritis. We hypothesized that patients who underwent initial operative treatment would have better functional outcomes as compared with those who underwent initial nonoperative treatment before undergoing a subtalar arthrodesis.

METHODS:
A consecutive series of sixty-nine patients with seventy-five displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures underwent subtalar arthrodesis for the treatment of painful posttraumatic subtalar arthritis. Group A comprised thirty-four patients (thirty-six fractures) who initially were managed with open reduction and internal fixation and subsequently underwent in situ subtalar fusion at an average of 22.6 months later. Group B comprised thirty-five patients (thirty-nine fractures) who initially were managed nonoperatively and had development of a symptomatic painful malunion and subsequently underwent a subtalar distraction arthrodesis. The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, injury mechanism, and smoking status. All complications were noted and functional outcomes were assessed at a minimum of forty-eight months after fusion.

RESULTS:
All sixty-nine patients were available for follow-up. The average duration of follow-up was 62.5 months for Group A and 63.5 months for Group B. There were three nonunions of the subtalar fusion requiring revision in each group. Group A had fewer postoperative wound complications and had significantly higher Maryland Foot Scores (90.8 compared with 79.1; p < 0.0001) and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scores (87.1 compared with 73.8; p < 0.0001) than did Group B.1

CONCLUSIONS:
In our study population, better functional outcomes and fewer wound complications were associated with subtalar fusion for the treatment of symptomatic posttraumatic subtalar arthritis after initial open reduction and internal fixation of a displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture as compared with subtalar arthrodesis for the treatment of symptomatic posttraumatic subtalar arthritis secondary to calcaneal malunion following initial nonoperative treatment. Initial open reduction and internal fixation restores calcaneal shape, alignment, and height, which facilitates the fusion procedure and establishes an opportunity to create a better long-term functional result. We recommend open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures when appropriately indicated.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:
“Subtalar Fusion After Displaced Intra-Articular Calcaneal Fractures: Does Initial Operative Treatment Matter?” (2009;91:541-6).
Midtarsal Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Charcot Midfoot Arthropathy
Authors: Sammarco V. James , Sammarco G. James , Walker Earl W. , Guiao Ronald P. 
Published: March 2010

BACKGROUND:
Fracture-dislocation of the midfoot with collapse of the longitudinal arch is common in patients with neuropathic arthropathy of the foot. In this study, we describe a technique of midfoot arthrodesis with use of intramedullary axial screw fixation and review the results and complications following use of this technique.

METHODS:
A retrospective study of twenty-two patients who had undergone surgical reconstruction and arthrodesis to treat Charcot midfoot deformity was performed. Bone resection and/or osteotomy were required to reduce deformity. Axially placed intramedullary screws, inserted either antegrade or retrograde across the arthrodesis sites, were used to restore the longitudinal arch. Radiographic measurements were recorded preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at the time of the last follow-up and were analyzed in order to assess the amount and maintenance of correction.

RESULTS:
Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at an average of fifty-two months. Complete osseous union was achieved in sixteen of the twenty-two patients, at an average of 5.8 months. There were five partial unions in which a single joint did not unite in an otherwise stable foot. There was one nonunion, with recurrence of deformity. All patients returned to an independent functional ambulatory status within 9.5 months. Weight-bearing radiographs showed the talar-first metatarsal angle, the talar declination angle, and the calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle to have improved significantly and to have been corrected to nearly normal values by the surgery. All measurements remained significantly improved, as compared with the preoperative values, at the time of final follow-up. There were no recurrent dislocations. Three patients had a recurrent plantar ulcer at the metatarsophalangeal joint that required additional surgery. There were eight cases of hardware failure.

CONCLUSIONS:
Open reduction and arthrodesis with use of multiple axially placed intramedullary screws for the surgical correction of neuropathic midfoot collapse provides a reliable stable construct to achieve and maintain correction of the deformity.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION:
“Midtarsal Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Charcot Midfoot Arthropathy” (2009;91:80-91).
Psychosedation With Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride During Minor Oral Surgery
Authors: Taniyama Kiichi , Oda Hideki , Okawa Kazuko , Himeno Katsuhito , Shikanai Koki , Shibutani Tohru 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
We performed intravenous sedation with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride during minor oral surgery and compared this agent with propofol. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (D) and propofol (P) groups. In Group D, systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased immediately after the start of initial loading, although no significant differences were noted. Both SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) gradually decreased during maintenance administration and were significantly lower than pretreatment values. The heart rate decreased immediately after the start of administration and was significantly lower during both initial loading and maintenance administration; the heart rate was also significantly lower than that in Group P. In Group D, arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) significantly decreased after the sedation level reached an optimum level until the end of administration. The bispectral index (BIS) value gradually decreased during initial loading. At the optimal sedation level, it decreased to 80 to 85. During maintenance administration, marked changes were observed in this parameter. No marked differences in amnestic effects and comfort were noted between the 2 groups. If the sedation level can be evaluated accurately via another objective method, intravenous sedation with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride may be useful in dental treatment.
Comparative Efficacy of 2 Topical Anesthetics for the Placement of Orthodontic Temporary Anchorage Devices
Authors: Reznik Derek S. , Jeske Arthur H. , Chen Jung-Wei , English Jeryl 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
This study compared the effectiveness of topical benzocaine 20% versus a combination of lidocaine, tetracaine, and phenylephrine in providing sufficient analgesia for the placement of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices (TADs). The 2 topical anesthetics were tested against each other bilaterally using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. The agents were left in place for the amount of time prescribed by the manufacturer. The TAD was then placed, and each subject rated the degree of pain on a Heft-Parker visual analogue scale. A pulse oximeter was used to record the preoperative and postoperative pulse rates. Statistically significant differences in perceived pain (P < .05) and success rate (P < .01) between drugs were seen, but no significant difference in pulse rate change between the topical anesthetics was observed (P > .05). It was concluded that when the efficacy of topical benzocaine and of a combination product was compared as the sole anesthetic to facilitate acceptable pain control for placement of orthodontic temporary anchorage devices, the combination product was considerably more efficacious.
Preoperative Medical Evaluation: Part 1: General Principles and Cardiovascular Considerations
Authors: Becker Daniel E. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
A thorough assessment of a patient's medical status is standard practice when dental care is provided. Although this is true for procedures performed under local anesthesia alone, the information gathered may be viewed somewhat differently if the dentist is planning to use sedation or general anesthesia as an adjunct to dental treatment. This article is the first of a 2-part sequence and will address general principles and cardiovascular considerations. A second article will address pulmonary, metabolic, and miscellaneous disorders.
Modeling of the spread of infection in the interdigital spaces of the manus in limbs from clinically normal dogs
Authors: Ober Christopher P. , Jones Jeryl C. , Larson Martha M. , Lanz Otto I. , Werre Stephen R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether the pattern of extension of modeled infection from the interdigital web spaces in dogs is predictable and whether the distribution differs among initial injury sites.
Sample Population—Thawed frozen forelimbs from 23 cadavers of previously healthy adult medium- to large-breed dogs.
Procedures—The manus of each forelimb was evaluated by use of computed tomography (CT) before and after injection of radiopaque blue-staining contrast medium into the interdigital web spaces. Two veterinary radiologists reviewed the CT images and recorded the extent of contrast medium from each site. Each manus was dissected or sectioned transversely after imaging, and the extent of contrast medium accumulation was recorded and compared with locations of CT contrast enhancement. The Fisher exact test was performed to determine whether the pattern of contrast medium extension differed by injection site.
Results—Injections made in the interdigital web spaces of the canine manus led to unique and predictable patterns of extension into the surrounding soft tissues. That pattern of extension primarily involved the soft tissues of the digits.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In humans, knowledge of common extension patterns from infected soft tissue spaces is used to predict the spread of disease within the hand and develop surgical plans that will minimize patient illness. Identification of the common sites of disease spread from the interdigital web spaces in dogs may help improve surgical planning and treatment for infection in the manus.
Effects of exercise training on adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and plasma hormone and lipid concentrations in overweight or obese, insulin-resistant horses
Authors: Carter Rebecca A. , McCutcheon L. Jill , Valle Emanuela , Meilahn Elaine N. , Geor Raymond J. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of exercise training without dietary restriction on adiposity, basal hormone and lipid concentrations and glucose and insulin dynamics in overweight or obese, insulin-resistant horses.
Animals—12 overweight or obese (body condition score ≥ 7), insulin-resistant (insulin sensitivity ≤ 1.2 × 10−4 L/min/mU) geldings.
Procedures—4 horses remained sedentary, and 8 horses were exercised for 4 weeks at low intensity and 4 weeks at higher intensity, followed by 2 weeks of detraining. Prior to and after each training period, frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance tests with minimal model analysis were performed and baseline plasma insulin, glucose, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and leptin concentrations were analyzed. Adiposity was assessed by use of morphometrics, ultrasonic subcutaneous fat thickness, and estimation of fat mass from total body water (deuterium dilution method).
Results—Body weight and fat mass decreased by 4% (mean ± SD, 20 ± 8 kg) and 34% (32 ± 9 kg), respectively, compared with pre-exercise values, with similar losses during low- and higher-intensity training. There was no effect of exercise training on subcutaneous fat thickness, plasma hormone and lipid concentrations, or minimal model parameters of glucose and insulin dynamics.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that moderate exercise training without concurrent dietary restriction does not mitigate insulin resistance in overweight or obese horses. A more pronounced reduction in adiposity or higher volume or intensity of exercise may be necessary for improvement in insulin sensitivity in such horses.
Effect of dietary fats with odd or even numbers of carbon atoms on metabolic response and muscle damage with exercise in Quarter Horse–type horses with type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy
Authors: Borgia Lisa A. , Valberg Stephanie J. , McCue Molly E. , Pagan Joe D. , Roe Charles R. 
Published: March 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate effects of fats with odd and even numbers of carbon atoms on muscle metabolism in exercising horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM).
Animals—8 horses with PSSM (6 females and 2 males; mean ± SD age, 6.3 ± 3.9 years).
Procedures—Isocaloric diets (grain, triheptanoin, corn oil, and high-fat, low-starch [HFLS] feed) were fed for 3 weeks each; horses performed daily treadmill exercise. Grain was fed to establish an exercise target, and HFLS feed was fed as a negative control diet. Daily plasma samples were obtained. For each diet, a 15-minute exercise test was performed, and gluteus medius muscle specimens and blood samples were obtained before and after exercise.
Results—Feeding triheptanoin, compared with the corn oil diet, resulted in exercise intolerance; higher plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity and concentrations of C3:0- and C7:0-acylcarnitine and insulin; and lower concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and C16:0-, C18:1-, and C18:2-acylcarnitine, without changes in concentrations of plasma glucose or resting muscle substrates and metabolites. Feeding grain induced higher CK activity and insulin concentrations and lower NEFA concentrations than did corn oil or HFLS feed. Feeding grain induced higher glucose concentrations than did triheptanoin and corn oil. In muscle, feeding grain resulted in lower glucose-6-phosphate, higher citrate, and higher postexercise lactate concentrations than did the other diets.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Triheptanoin had detrimental effects, reflecting decreased availability of NEFA, increased insulin stimulation of glycogen synthesis, and potential inhibition of lipid oxidation. Long-chain fats are the best dietetic for PSSM.