bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Anti‐Anaphylactic Action of Tiaramide Hydrochloride
Authors: Renoux M. L. , Weill B. J. , Wallach D. , Chwetzoff E. 
Published: August 2010

Tiaramide hydrochloride (THC) is a new basic, non‐steroidal, anti‐inflammatory drug. Its anti‐anaphylactic action has been investigated using rat mast cells. It was found that THC exerts a strong inhibitory action on antigen‐induced and compound 48/80–induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in a fluorometric assay. Compound 48/80–induced vasodilatation in rat skin is inhibited by prior intradermal injection of THC, as measured by blueing of skin due to intravascular Evans blue dye. THC also inhibits radio‐labeled serotonin release from compound 48/80–challenged rat mast cells.In these experimental systems a similar action was exerted by disodium cromoglycate, but higher drug concentrations were needed.Further studies are needed to determine the exact mode of action of this drug and its eventual clinical use in the field of allergic diseases.
Cell‐Mediated Immunity to Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype 3 in Patients with Thyroid Diseases
Authors: Bech Karine , Clemmensen Ole , Larsen Jørgen Hannover , Thyme Steen , Bendixen Gunnar 
Published: August 2010

The cellular immunity to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 and crude human thyroid extract in 64 patients with thyroid diseases and 25 controls was studied by the leucocyte migration test. In the patient group as a whole and in patients with Graves' disease and nontoxic diffuse goitre a significantly reduced leucocyte migration towards Yersinia was found when compared with the controls. In controls the migration index was not related to the presence or titre of circulating yersinia antibodies, whereas the migration index of patients with yersinia antibodies was lower than the migration index of patients without yersinia antibodies as well as that of the controls. The leucocyte migration inhibition in two patients with recent yersiniosis was normal during the recovery phase.In the presence of thyroid extract leucocyte migration inhibition differed only significantly in Graves' disease. However, a significantly positive correlation between inhibition of migration by thyroid extract and by Yersinia was found, while no correlation could be demonstrated in the controls.The cell‐mediated immunity towards Yersinia in thyroid diseases thus demonstrated adds further evidence to the association between Yersinia and thyroid disease.
Antigens and Allergens in Birch Pollen Extract
Authors: Viander Markku , Fräki Jorma , Djupsund Bertil M. , Laine Seppo 
Published: August 2010

More than 70% of the total allergenic activity of a birch pollen (BP) extract was detected within die first 30 min of extraction. Fractionation of the BP extract by gel filtration and analysis of the eluted antigens by a fused rocket im‐munoelectrophoresis revealed at least three antigens with molecular weights of about 29 000, and 17 000–10 000, corresponding to antigens Nos. 2, and 7–8, respectively, in crossed‐immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and in crossed‐radio‐immuno‐electrophoresis (CRIE). Gel isoelectrofocusing of the pooled allergenic fractions revealed two major protein bands with pl's around 5.6 and 5.7, probably corresponding to antigens Nos. 7–8 and No. 2, respectively. Antigens Nos. 7–8 were thennoresistant, while antigen No. 2 was thermolabile.The allergenic activity was determined by prick skin testing and by the RAST inhibition method. More than 90% of the allergenic activity in the fractions was located in the protein peak C (mol. wt. 10 000–17 000) containing antigens 7–8. About 30% of the total allergenic activity of the extract (1:10 w/v) was recovered in the peak C fractions, and only less than 0.5% outside these fractions. Higher allergenic activity was obtained for the peak B fractions (mol. wt. 29 000) by skin prick testing than by the RAST. Peak B contained allergens (antigen 2) distinct from those of peak C by the CRIE and by the RAST. The allergenic material in the low molecular weight fractions of peak D (mol. wt. 2000–5000) was allergenically similar to that of peak C in the RAST. Only weak and even negative skin reactions were observed with the peak D fractions in allergic subjects.
The Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Ferguson Anne 
Published: August 2010

•Application of strict diagnostic criteria to celiac disease has led to the realization that there is a wide clinical spectrum within this disease.•Normally there are immune reactions to dietary proteins, particularly secretory antibodies of IgA class, low titers of serum antibody and specific down‐regulation of IgE and T cell reactivity (oral tolerance).•From time to time, abnormal immunity to foods, either as inappropriately high titers of antibodies or qualitatively altered responses, produce disease.•Lactase deficiency, with dose‐related lactose and milk‐intolerance, occurs in 50–90% of most populations. White, western Europeans are the exception.
The Skin
Authors: Sampson Hugh A. 
Published: August 2010

•Ingested food antigens rapidly cross the gastrointestinal barrier and reach pro‐inflammatory cells in the skin.•Food allergy provokes urticaria/angioedema by classical, Type I, IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity.•Food‐induced atopic dermatitis is the result of non‐classical, IgE‐directed hypersensitivity involving resident mast cells, Langerhans cells, CD4+ TH2 lymphocytes and monocytes.•A form of gluten sensitivity provokes a characteristic eczematous‐like rash and enteropathy (Dermatitis herpetiformis).
Eosinophil markers in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Nielsen L. P. , Bjerke T. , Christensen M. B. , Skamling M. , Peterson C. G. B. , Mygind N. , Dahl R. 
Published: August 2010

Background The purpose was to study activation markers of the eosinophil granulocytes in seasonal allergic rhinitis, and the impact of topical steroid therapy thereupon. Methods Sixty‐three rhinitis patients with monoallergy to grass were examined before and at peak pollen season. Blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in serum and nasal lavage fluid were measured. During the season, patients were randomized to treatment with intranasal fluticasone propionate 0.1 mg o.d. (n=26), 0.2 mg o.d. (n=25), or placebo (n = 12). Six healthy persons served as controls. Results During the season, all parameters, except nasal lavage ECP, increased in the placebo group (P<0.001 – P<0.05). Significant differences were seen between the steroid grotips and the placebo group for all parameters (P<0.001–F<0.05). Higher eosinophil count (P<0.05), serum EPO (F<0.02), and nasal lavage EPO (P<0.05) were found in patients before season than in controls. The following winter, 44 patients returned for repeated measurement. Lower levels of nasal lavage EPO were observed for patients than levels at the beginning of the season (P<0.0001). Conclusions Intranasal fluticasone propionate reduced inflammation of the nasal mucosa, demonstrated locally by nasal lavage ECP and EPO, and systemically by blood eosinophils, serum ECP, and serum EPO. EPO seemed more sensitive than ECP as indicator of allergic inflammation. EPO demonstrated some perennial eosinophil activity in hay fever patients, increasing locally during spring.
Possible involvement of mast‐cell activation in aspirin provocation of aspirin‐induced asthma
Authors: Mita H. , Endoh S. , Kudoh M. , Kawagishi Y. , Kobayashi M. , Taniguchi M. , Akiyama K. 
Published: August 2010

Background: Although there is increasing evidence of the importance of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) as mediators of aspirin‐induced bronchoconstriction in aspirin‐sensitive asthma, the cellular origin of the LT is not yet clear. Methods: Urinary concentrations of leukotriene E4 (LTE4), 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2, 9α,11β‐prostaglandin F2, and Nτ‐methylhistamine were measured during the 24 h following cumulative intravenous administration of increasing doses of lysine aspirin to asthmatic patients. In addition, the urinary concentrations of these metabolites were measured on 5 consecutive days in a patient who suffered an asthma attack after percutaneous administration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Results: In aspirin‐induced asthma patients (AIA, n=10), the basal concentration of urinary LTE4, but not the other metabolites, was significantly higher than that in aspirin‐tolerant asthma patients (ATA, n=10). After intravenous aspirin provocation, the AIA group showed a 13.1‐fold (geometric mean) increase in excretion of LTE4 during the first 3 h, and 9α,11β‐prostaglandin F2 also increased in the AIA group during the first 0–3 h and the 3–6 h collection period. Nτ‐methylhistamine excretion was also increased, but to a lesser degree. Adminis‐tration of aspirin caused significant suppression of 11‐dehydrothromboxane B2 excretion in both the AIA and ATA groups. When the percentage of maximum increase of each metabolite from the baseline concentrations was compared between the AIA group and the ATA group, a significantly higher increase in excretion of LTE4, 9α,11β‐prostaglandin F2, and Nτ‐methylhistamine was observed in the AIA group than the ATA group. An increased excretion of LTE4 and 9α,11β‐prostaglandin F2 has been detected in a patient who suffered an asthma attack after percutaneous administration of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Conclusions: Considering that human lung mast cells are capable of producing LTC4, prostaglandin D2, and histamine, our present results support the concept that mast cells, at least, may participate in the development of aspirin‐induced asthma.
Sensitivity and specificity of recombinant ω‐5 gliadin‐specific IgE measurement for the diagnosis of wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Matsuo H. , Dahlström J. , Tanaka A. , Kohno K. , Takahashi H. , Furumura M. , Morita E. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  A recent study has shown that the measurement of specific IgE antibodies to B‐cell epitope peptides of wheat ω‐5 gliadin (Pep A) and high molecular weight glutenin subunit (Pep B) are useful to diagnose wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA).Aims of the study:  We sought to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the in vitro tests for measuring the specific IgE antibodies to recombinant ω‐5 gliadin (rω‐5 gliadin) with those for wheat, gluten, Pep A, and Pep B in identification of patients with WDEIA.Methods:  Fifty patients with WDEIA, 25 healthy subjects and 25 patients with atopic dermatitis with specific IgE antibodies to wheat but without experience of allergic reactions after ingestion of wheat products were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of specific IgE antibodies were measured using ImmunoCAPTM. The empirical receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) for each test were prepared and the areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were compared.Results:  In patients with WDEIA, the sensitivities of the allergen‐specific IgE tests for wheat, gluten, Pep A, Pep B and rω‐5 gliadin were 48%, 56%, 76%, 22%, and 80%, respectively. The seven of 10 WDEIA patients with no specific IgE antibodies to rω‐5 gliadin had specific IgE antibodies to Pep B. The highest AUC (0.850) was observed in the test for rω‐5 gliadin.Conclusions:  Measuring the concentration of specific IgE antibodies to rω‐5 gliadin is more useful than to wheat, gluten, or Pep A in the identification of patients with WDEIA.
Predictivity of allergic sensitization (RAST) for the onset of allergic diseases in adults
Authors: Schoefer Y. , Schäfer T. , Meisinger C. , Wichmann H.‐E. , Heinrich J. ,   for the KORA study group
Published: August 2010

Background:  Specific IgE antibodies are often detected without any clinical manifestation of allergies. We aimed to analyse the predictivity of allergic sensitization for incident symptoms of allergic diseases in adults during a 10‐year follow‐up .Methods:  In 1994/95 specific IgE antibodies against five common inhalant allergens (grass pollen, birch pollen, house dust mite, cat dander and Cladosporium) were diagnosed by radioallergosorbent test in 4178 adults aged 25–74 years. A subset of 2656 participants could be re‐evaluated in 2004/05. Information on socio‐economic factors and medical history, including data on atopic diseases, was assessed by a combination of a personal interview and a self‐administered questionnaire. Logistic regression models were applied to study associations between allergic sensitization and incident allergic diseases.Results:  Allergic sensitization was an important predictor for incident hay fever (OR 7.95, CI 95% 4.64–13.62) and asthma (OR 1.82, CI 95% 1.29–2.57). Specific IgE antibodies were mainly related to outdoor allergens (grass and birch pollen) for hay fever and indoor allergens (mite and cat dander) for asthma, while for atopic dermatitis no specific IgE antibodies were identified as major predictors.Conclusions:  Allergic sensitization not only covers clinically apparent allergies, but indicates a prognostic factor for later allergies, even in adulthood.
The functional insufficiency of human CD4+CD25high T‐regulatory cells in allergic asthma is subjected to TNF‐α modulation
Authors: Lin Y.‐L. , Shieh C.‐C. , Wang J.‐Y. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Natural CD4+CD25highFoxp3+ regulatory T (nTreg) cells are important in maintaining immunologic tolerance, but their role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma is unclear. We studied the function of nTreg cells in allergic asthmatic children and assessed the factors which may relate to the functional insufficiency of nTreg cells.Methods:  The percentage of CD4+CD25high Treg cells, the expression of Foxp3, and the cell‐induced suppressive activity of nTreg cells isolated from nonatopic controls, allergic asthmatics, and allergen‐specific immunotherapy (AIT)‐treated asthmatic patients were studied.Results:  Although the percentage of nTreg in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was increased, the expression of Foxp3 and its cell‐induced suppressive activity were significantly lower in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)‐sensitive asthmatic children when compared to nonatopic controls. In contrast, the expression of Foxp3 and the functional activity of nTreg cells were reversed in allergic asthmatics who received AIT. The addition of recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α directly downregulated Foxp3 expression and abrogated the cell‐induced suppressive function of Treg cells. The anti‐TNF‐α reagent, etanercept, restored the functional activity and Foxp3 expression of CD4+CD25high Treg derived from allergic asthmatics.Conclusions:  The functional insufficiency of nTreg cells in patients with allergic asthma may be related to the enhanced production of TNF‐α and its effect on the Foxp3 expression. These results may explain, in part, the effectiveness of anti‐TNF‐α therapy in the treatment of allergic asthma.
Insulin allergy: clinical manifestations and management strategies
Authors: Heinzerling L. , Raile K. , Rochlitz H. , Zuberbier T. , Worm M. 
Published: August 2010

Insulin allergy in patients with diabetes mellitus on insulin treatment is a rare condition. It is suspected upon noticing immediate symptoms following insulin injections. The immediate vital implications for the patient call for prompt diagnosis and management of insulin allergy.We review current knowledge and procedures based on four diabetic patients who presented in our clinic. Insulin allergy was suspected as they showed immediate symptoms after insulin injection (urticaria, rash, angioedema, hypotension, dyspnea). A detailed allergologic work‐up was performed and adequate therapy was initiated. In three of the four patients, a specific immunotherapy was started whereas in one patient a switch to oral antidiabetics was possible and consequently initiated. By standard prick testing and measurement of specific IgE antibodies, a type 1 IgE‐mediated allergy was confirmed. After initiation of insulin immunotherapy, the symptoms completely resolved in two out three of patients and significantly improved in the third patient. The fourth patient was successfully switched to oral antidiabetics.Insulin allergy is a rare but severe condition that calls for immediate allergological work‐up. It can be managed well in close cooperation between the diabetologist and the allergologist. Specific immunotherapy is efficient and should be considered.
Systemic strategies for chemoprevention of skin cancers in transplant recipients
Authors: Kovach Bradley T , Sams Hunter H , Stasko Thomas 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Background:  Solid organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are a growing population at high risk for cutaneous neoplasms, resulting in significant post‐transplant morbidity and mortality. Management of malignant and pre‐malignant cutaneous lesions in transplant recipients is challenging, making prevention of such neoplasms paramount. The objectives of the present study are to review and analyze systemic strategies for chemoprevention of malignant and pre‐malignant cutaneous neoplasms in OTRs.Methods:  MEDLINE and PubMed searches were performed to identify studies with original data quantifying the effects of systemic agents on the development of malignant cutaneous neoplasms in patients with solid organ transplants.Results:  We identified nine studies describing 111 transplant recipients that quantified the effects of oral retinoids on cutaneous neoplasms. A majority of the studies found a decrease in the number of malignant and pre‐malignant cutaneous lesions in patients treated with systemic retinoids, with several studies noting increased benefit in those patients with multiple previous skin cancers. Multiple studies described a rebound effect, with increased numbers of neoplasms occurring following discontinuation of retinoids. Side effects often limited dosing, but required discontinuation of retinoids in a minority of patients. No studies were identified that adequately quantified the effects of other systemic agents on skin cancer incidence in this population.Conclusions:  Although systemic retinoids are frequently used for chemoprevention of cutaneous malignancies in OTRs, the data supporting their use are composed largely of small uncontrolled case reports and case series. However, the available data suggest that retinoids have chemopreventative effects in this population. Although optimal dosing and indications for initiation of systemic retinoid therapy are not conclusive from the data, it suggests that retinoids are most effective in patients with multiple previous non‐melanoma skin cancers. Side effects and beneficial effects were noted across a wide range of doses, suggesting that retinoids should be initiated at a low dose and increased as tolerated to a minimally effective dose. Further investigation through randomized controlled trials is needed to further clarify the tolerability and efficacy of multiple dosing regimens on the incidence of pre‐malignant and malignant lesions in transplant recipients. The therapeutic role of other systemic agents in the transplant population has not been established.
Chronologically different impacts of immunologic and non‐immunologic risk factors on renal allograft function
Authors: Kim Myoung Soo , Kim Dong Kee , Myoung Sung Min , Kim Soon Il , Oh Chang‐Kwon , Kim Yu Seun , Lee Jong Hoon , Kang Shin‐Wook , Park Kiil 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Introduction:  Upon analysis of the risk factors affecting renal graft survival and function, the time‐dependent effects of each risk factor should be differentiated from their net effects. To evaluate the chronologically different impacts of risk factors on graft renal function, we reviewed 390 recipients who received a kidney from 1‐haplotype‐matched living‐related donors.Materials and methods:  Until 5‐yr post‐transplantation (TX), yearly serum creatinine (Scr), 24‐h urinary excretion of protein, and their yearly changes were compared by the episodes of acute rejection within 1 yr, the kidney weight to recipient body weight (KW/BW) ratio, the donor/recipient (D/R) age ratio, and the D/R gender pairing. The Kaplan–Meier method, Cox proportional hazard model, ANOVA, and repeated measures ANOVA were each applied for different purposes.Results:  Only the episodes of acute rejection were a significant risk factor affecting graft survival. The episodes of acute rejection, KW/BW ratio, D/R age ratio, and D/R gender pairing consistently and independently had significant influences on Scr. Recipients having the lowest KW/BW ratio (first quartile) or the highest D/R age ratio (fourth quartile) had rapid increments of Scr after 4‐yr post‐TX. After 3‐yr post‐TX, there were significant correlations between the number of non‐immunologic risk factors present and the yearly changes in Scr.Conclusions:  Non‐immunologic factors had a detrimental effect on renal graft function, especially after 3‐yr post‐TX. If immunologic risks seem to be similar, size matching, age, and gender pairing should be considered for better long‐term graft function in renal TX recipients.
C4d as a significant predictor for humoral rejection in renal allografts
Authors: Jianghua Chen , Wenqing Xie , Huiping Wang , Juan Jin , Jianyong Wu , Qiang He 
Published: August 2010

Abstract:  Objective:  To determine the diagnostic and clinical significance of C4d accumulation in renal allografts followed by acute rejection.Methods:  A total of 158 graft biopsies performed from December 1997 to December 2002 were classified, according to the Banff‐97 criteria, into hyperacute rejection (HAR, three cases), acute vascular rejection (AVR, 27), acute cellular rejection (ACR, 24), borderline rejection (BR, 38), acute tubular necrosis (ATN, five), stable graft function (SGF, 30) and baseline kidney (31). Immunohistochemical technique was used to determine the C4d deposition level.Results:  The percentages of C4d positive in HAR, AVR, ACR, BR, ATN, SGF and baseline kidney groups were 100% (3/3), 77.8% (21/27), 37.5% (9/24), 23.7% (9/38), 0% (0/5), 3.3% (1/30), 0% (0/31), respectively. In acute rejection patients, the peak serum creatinine (sCr) level in C4dptc‐positive group (41 cases) was 334.82 ± 238.37 μmol/L, with that of C4dptc‐negative group (47 cases) being 220.20 ± 176.94 μmol/L (p < 0.01). After treatment, the trough sCr level in C4dptc‐positive group and C4dptc‐negative group were 176.87 ± 111.80 and 121.75 ± 34.59 μmol/L (p < 0.01), respectively. In each AVR, ACR and BR subgroups, the peak sCr level, the trough sCr level, after 3 or 6 months of AR, the sCr level in C4dptc‐positive subgroup was higher than that of C4dptc‐negative subgroup. There were more resistance against steroid therapy [65.9% (27/41) vs. 36.2% (17/47), p = 0.005] and a higher rate of graft loss [29.3% (12/41) vs. 6.4% (3/47), p = 0.001] in C4dptc‐positive group than those of C4dptc‐negative group. In each C4dptc‐positive subgroup of AVR, ACR and BR the complete reversion was 57.1, 56 and 66.7%, respectively, it is almost same.Conclusion:  The C4d deposition level is of great value in diagnosis of acute rejection caused by humoral immune components. It is a significant predictor of graft survival and will be of great help when treating acute rejection.