bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative Genomic Analysis of Medulloblastoma Identifies a Molecular Subgroup That Drives Poor Clinical Outcome
Authors: Cho Yoon-Jae , Tsherniak Aviad , Tamayo Pablo , Santagata Sandro , Ligon Azra , Greulich Heidi , Berhoukim Rameen , Amani Vladimir , Goumnerova Liliana , Eberhart Charles G. , Lau Ching C. , Olson James M. , Gilbertson Richard J. , Gajjar Amar , Delattre Olivier , Kool Marcel , Ligon Keith , Meyerson Matthew , Mesirov Jill P. , Pomeroy Scott L. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeMedulloblastomas are heterogeneous tumors that collectively represent the most common malignant brain tumor in children. To understand the molecular characteristics underlying their heterogeneity and to identify whether such characteristics represent risk factors for patients with this disease, we performed an integrated genomic analysis of a large series of primary tumors.Patients and MethodsWe profiled the mRNA transcriptome of 194 medulloblastomas and performed high-density single nucleotide polymorphism array and miRNA analysis on 115 and 98 of these, respectively. Non-negative matrix factorization–based clustering of mRNA expression data was used to identify molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma; DNA copy number, miRNA profiles, and clinical outcomes were analyzed for each. We additionally validated our findings in three previously published independent medulloblastoma data sets.ResultsIdentified are six molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma, each with a unique combination of numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations that globally influence mRNA and miRNA expression. We reveal the relative contribution of each subgroup to clinical outcome as a whole and show that a previously unidentified molecular subgroup, characterized genetically by c-MYC copy number gains and transcriptionally by enrichment of photoreceptor pathways and increased miR-183∼96∼182 expression, is associated with significantly lower rates of event-free and overall survivals.ConclusionOur results detail the complex genomic heterogeneity of medulloblastomas and identify a previously unrecognized molecular subgroup with poor clinical outcome for which more effective therapeutic strategies should be developed.
Phase III, Randomized Study of the Effects of Parenteral Iron, Oral Iron, or No Iron Supplementation on the Erythropoietic Response to Darbepoetin Alfa for Patients With Chemotherapy-Associated Anemia
Authors: Steensma David P. , Sloan Jeff A. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Dalton Robert , Kahanic Stephen P. , Prager Diane J. , Stella Philip J. , Rowland Kendrith M. , Novotny Paul J. , Loprinzi Charles L. 
Published: November 2010

Purpose Functional iron deficiency may impair response to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in iron-replete patients with chemotherapy-associated anemia (CAA). This study evaluated whether coadministration of parenteral iron improves ESA efficacy in patients with CAA. Patients and Methods This prospective, multicenter, randomized trial enrolled 502 patients with hemoglobin (Hb) less than 11 g/dL who were undergoing chemotherapy for nonmyeloid malignancies. All patients received darbepoetin alfa once every 3 weeks and were randomly assigned to receive either ferric gluconate 187.5 mg intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks, oral daily ferrous sulfate 325 mg, or oral placebo for 16 weeks. Results There was no difference in the erythropoietic response rate (ie, proportion of patients achieving Hb ≥12 g/dL or Hb increase ≥ 2 g/dL from baseline): 69.5% (95% CI, 61.9% to 76.5%) of IV iron-treated patients achieved an erythropoietic response compared with 66.9% (95% CI, 59.1% to 74.0%) who received oral iron and 65.0% (95% CI, 57.2% to 72.3%) who received oral placebo (P = .75). There were also no differences in the proportion of patients requiring red cell transfusions, changes in quality of life, or the dose of darbepoetin administered. Adverse events (AEs) tended to be more common in the IV iron arm: grade 3 or higher AEs occurred in 54% (95% CI, 46% to 61%) of patients receiving IV iron compared with 44% (95% CI, 36% to 52%) who received oral iron and 46% (95% CI, 38% to 54%) who received oral placebo (P = .16). Conclusion In patients with CAA, addition of IV ferric gluconate to darbepoetin failed to provide additional benefit compared with oral iron or oral placebo.
Interaction between COX-2 G-765C and smoking in relation to coronary artery disease in a Chinese Uighur population
Authors: Xie Xiang , Ma Yi-Tong , Yang Yi-Ning , Fu Zhen-Yan , Li Xiao-Mei , Huang Ding , Ma Xiang , Chen Bang-dang , Liu Fen 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex multifactorial and polygenic disorder where multiple environmental and genetic factors are involved simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the interaction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene polymorphism and smoking and CAD in a Uighur population.

Methods: Using a case-control study of Chinese Uighur CAD patients (n=430) and healthy controls (n=470), we investigated the roles of G-765C polymorphism in the COX-2 gene (PTGS2) by the use of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis.

Results: The PTGS2 GG genotype was significantly more prevalent in CAD patients (84.6% vs. 78.3%; p=0.014). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed two independent risk factors: smoking (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.01–5.24; p=0.008) and hypertension (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.59–7.21; p=0.001). Moreover, there was a synergistic effect between smoking and the PTGS2 polymorphism and the occurrence of CAD (interaction p=0.009). The odds ratio (OR) estimated by the combined analysis of the PTGS2 GG genotype and smoking history (OR 4.09, 95% CI 2.7–9.3) was markedly higher than that estimated separately from the PTGS2 GG genotype (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.8–1.9) or smoking (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.5–5.7) alone. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1α, a stable metabolite of PGI2, was lower in individuals with the PTGS2 GG genotype (p<0.05). Smoking could further lower plasma 6-keto-PGF1α concentrations in GG genotype carriers than non-smokers, especially in patients with CAD.

Conclusions: The PTGS2 polymorphism and smoking were synergistically and significantly associated in Chinese Uighur patients with CAD.
Global trends in critical values practices and their harmonization
Authors: Kost Gerald J. , Hale Kristin N. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground:The objectives of this article were 1) to identify current trends in critical values practices in North America, Europe, and other regions; 2) to describe progress toward harmonization of critical limits; and 3) to synthesize strategies that will encourage global consensus. Critical limits are described in national surveys. Critical value practices are guided by federal statutes, The Joint Commission regulations, and accreditation requirements in the US; by provincial healthcare agencies in Canada; by thought leaders and ISO EN 15189:2007 in Europe; and in SE Asia, mostly by ad hoc policies lacking statutory grip.Methods:Review of databases, literature, websites, federal statutes, litigation, official policies, current affairs, and accreditation agency requirements.Results and conclusions:Practical strategies will accelerate harmonization of critical values practices, as follows: a) continue national and international survey comparisons; b) clarify age, ethnic, and subject dependencies; c) standardize qualitative and quantitative decision levels for urgent clinician notification; d) monitor compliance and timeliness for safety; and e) alert high frequencies of critical values related to adverse events. New expectations and communication technologies present opportunities for enhanced performance using wireless closed-loop reporting with recipient acknowledgment to reduce phone calls and improve efficiency. Hospitals worldwide can benefit from developing consensus for critical values practices.
Biological variation of free β chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A in first trimester pregnancies
Authors: Sennels Henriette P. , Jørgensen Finn Stener , Sørensen Steen 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Background: Trisomy 21 risk estimation in first trimester pregnancies can be performed by a combined test based on ultrasound measurement of fetal nuchal translucency thickness and maternal plasma concentrations of free β human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A). However, little knowledge exists regarding the biological variation of hCGβ and PAPP-A when the time interval between sampling increases.

Methods: We estimated these variations from double mea-surements of hCGβ and PAPP-A in first trimester pregnancies in 167 women. Data were divided into three groups based on the number of days between sampling. The correlation coefficients and biological variation were estimated for each group.

Results: The correlation coefficient between the first and second samples was 0.841 for hCGβ, and 0.706 for PAPP-A. The ranges for biological variation were 11.9%–48.5% for hCGβ and 31.6%–63.3% for PAPP-A, increasing with time between sampling. The average overall biological variation for hCGβ was 29%, and 49.7% for PAPP-A.

Conclusions: We found high biological variation for plasma concentrations of hCGβ and PAPP-A, increasing with longer time intervals between sampling. From our data that showed high correlation of hCGβ and PAPP-A in the first and second sample, we found no reason to recommend retesting. However, new studies should clarify whether PAPP-A should be collected early, and hCGβ late, in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Effect of reduction on the stability of Pu(VI) hydrolysis species
Authors: Cho Hye-Ryun , Jung E. C. , Park K. K. , Song K. , Yun Jong-Il 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe chemical speciation of aqueous plutonium species has been performed by spectrophotometry. The main focus was concentrated on the effect of Pu(V) produced by the reduction of Pu(VI) on the stability of the Pu(VI) hydrolysis species. In order to detect the trace amounts of PuO2+ions, a liquid waveguide capillary cell with an optical path length of 100 cm was connected to a spectrophotometer. As a consequence of the improved detection sensitivity, an absorption band at 569 nm being indicative of Pu(V) was observed within one day after the sample preparation from the pure Pu(VI) solution. The first hydrolysis species was (PuO2)2(OH)22+, at plutonium concentrations of 0.1–0.12 mM and at weak acidic conditions (pH 5–6). The formation constant of (PuO2)2(OH)22+was determined to be log*β′22=−7.34±0.22 at 0.01 M NaClO4. This dinuclear hydroxide species was unstable and disappeared within one month after the sample preparation at the present experimental condition. In the neutral pH range, the second hydrolysis species was formed and remained for over one year. The samples showed different behavior for the reduction of Pu(VI). The time dependent distribution of plutonium species and their characteristic features in the absorption spectra are reported.
Retention and redox behaviour of uranium(VI) by siderite (FeCO3)
Authors: Ithurbide Aurélie , Peulon Sophie , Miserque Frédéric , Beaucaire Catherine , Chaussé Annie 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn the context of long-term nuclear waste management, understanding the migration of a major component of spent fuel, uranium namely, in the environment is of major importance. This study presents the kinetics of uranium(VI) retention and reduction in carbonate solutions by siderite, an iron carbonate present both in the near- and far-field. At pH 9, uranium(VI) is retained at the surface, reduced and then precipitated into UO2.67. At pH 7, uranium(VI) seems, first, to be incorporated into iron precipitates at the solid/liquid interface and, subsequently, reduced by the Fe(II) contained in the thin layer.
Complexation of Tc(IV) with acetate at varying ionic strengths
Authors: Boggs Mark A. , Dong Wenming , Gu Baohua , Wall Nathalie A. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In order to accurately model and predict the fate and transport of metals and radionuclides at multiple radio-contaminated sites, there is a need for an understanding on how metals such as technetium interact with their environment. Many contaminated sites are known to contain large amounts of organic ligands that can affect the solubility and mobility of metals. This study focuses on the effect of acetate on the complexation and dissolution of Tc(IV). Studies were performed at pcH 4.5 (±0.3), at which TcOOH+ is the predominant species. The stability constants for the TcOOH-acetate complex were determined at ionic strengths varying from 0.5 to 3.0 M (NaCl), using a solvent extraction method. The stability constants showed the expected increasing trend over the range of ionic strengths, from 2.46±0.03 (I=0.5) to 3.09±0.08 (I=3.0). A stability constant of 2.8±0.16 at zero ionic strength was determined by specific ion interaction theory. Geochemical modeling data suggest that the dissolution of TcO2·1.6H2O is not greatly affected by the presence of acetate, at concentrations equal or less than 20 mM.
Uranyl photochemistry: decarboxylation of gluconic acid
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Helms Gregory , Nash Kenneth L. , Clark Sue B. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
In weakly acidic aqueous solutions, uranyl is able to slowly photolyze gluconic acid under ambient laboratory light (fluorescence lamps). The photolysis follows “complex formation”, resulting in the decarboxylation of gluconic acid (CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH) to form D-arabinose ((CHOH)4OCH2). A possible pathway is proposed to be the sensitized photo-oxidation, which can be described as U(VI)·CH2OH(CHOH)4COOH → U(V) + CH2OH(CHOH)3ĊHOH + CO2 + H+ and U(V) + CH2OH(CHOH)3ĊHOH + H+ → U(VI) + (CHOH)4OCH2 + H2. Also, characterization of the precipitate observed in the photolytic samples demonstrates the presence of tetravalent U, which we believe is generated by concurrent disproportionation of intermediate pentavalent U.
Quantum chemical study of inner-sphere complexes of trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions on the corundum (0001) surface
Authors: Polly Robert , Schimmelpfennig Bernd , Rabung Thomas , Flörsheimer Mathias , Klenze Reinhardt , Geckeis H. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Sorption of trivalent metal ions onto mineral surfaces is of special relevance in the safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal. In the present quantum chemical study we mainly focused on understanding the interaction of trivalent metal ions (La3+, Eu3+ and Cm3+) with the corundum (0001) the surface. We studied how the structure of the inner-sphere complex at the corundum (0001) surface depends on the deprotonation of the surface and give a prediction for the most likely structure of the inner-sphere complex (bi-, tri- or tetradentate). We approached this question using a cluster model for the surface. By deprotonating the cluster we mimicked a chemical environment at pH values above the point of zero charge. In a first step, we tested the accuracy of Density Functional Theory calculations with the BP86 functional and various basis sets by comparing them with Møller-Plesset perturbation theory of second order on a small chemically similar test system. This is followed by a series of calculations on a large and realistic cluster which is an extended model for the formation of the inner-sphere complex at the corundum (0001) surface. Our calculations predict the highest stability for a species with six water molecules remaining in the first coordination sphere of the metal ions and forming an inner-sphere surface complex attached to three surface oxygen atoms. The formation of the inner-sphere complexes is even more favoured when the coordination takes place via one or two deprotonated surface oxygen atoms.
Interaction of PuO2thin films with water
Authors: Seibert Alice , Gouder T. , Huber F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe surface adsorption and reaction of water with PuO2thin films was investigated by X-ray and ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS and UPS, respectively). Initial motivation of the work was to further investigate the potential role of water in promoting the surface oxidation of PuO2to Pu(IV)/Pu(V) mixed oxides formerly discussed in literature which may seriously impede the stability of spent nuclear fuel. Water may act as oxidant, as catalyst for the oxidation by O2, or as reactant leading to formation of hydrous oxide being oxidized by O2instead of PuO2(cr). In order to obtain high water coverage under the experimentally required ultra-high vacuum conditions, water was adsorbed at low temperature (77 K) as thick ice film. Results were compared to thin water layers adsorbed at room temperature.When adsorbed at 298 K, water dissociates forming a thin hydroxyl (OH−) layer with small amounts of molecularly adsorbed water but no further reaction (in the sense of oxidation or reduction) is detected. At 77 K, water condenses as ice film. Here, a mainly non-dissociative adsorption of water is observed for layers ∼1 ML while for higher dosages, only molecular water/ice is observed and no significant contribution of OH (in the water layers) is detected. When exposing the sample to UV light while warming it up, the ice layer thaws and desorbs leaving behind a Pu2O3surface. This surprising reduction of PuO2stands in sharp contrast to the radiolytically driven oxidation of spent fuel in presence of water. It is discussed in terms of a photochemically driven interface reaction.
Chlorine speciation in nuclear graphite: consequences on temperature release and on leaching
Authors: Vaudey C.-E. , Toulhoat N. , Moncoffre N. , Bérerd N. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This paper aims to get information on pristine chlorine speciation and its evolution with temperature in nuclear graphite used as a moderator in the first generation UNGG French reactors. For this purpose, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been carried out on samples annealed in the temperature range 200–1000 °C. Two chemical forms of different thermal stabilities have been identified. Around 70% of chlorine is assigned to stable organic chlorine bound to aromatic carbon whereas around 30% is assigned to inorganic thermally labile oxychlorinated groups. The consequences for direct disposal are discussed.
Chemical status of U(VI) in cemented waste forms under saline conditions
Authors: Kienzler Bernhard , Metz Volker , Brendebach Boris , Finck N. , Plaschke Markus , Rabung Thomas , Rothe J. , Schild D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRetention of U(VI) in cemented waste forms reacting with NaCl and MgCl2brines is investigated in long-term leaching experiments on full scale monoliths. Solution compositions were monitored over a period of 17 to 18 years. After termination of the leaching experiments, chemical and mineralogical compositions of solid reaction products were studied intensively. XRD, TRLFS and XANES/EXAFS analyses indicate uranophane (Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2·5H2O) to be the dominant uranium bearing phase in the corroded cement. Other possible uranium phases such as soddyite, meta-schoepite, and di-uranate phases could not be identified by combining the results of the various experimental techniques.
Modelling of a large-scalein-situmigration experiment with14C-labelled natural organic matter in Boom Clay
Authors: Martens E. , Maes Norbert , Weetjens E. , Van Gompel M. , Van Ravestyn L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFor the assessment of the long-term safety of a geological disposal of high- and intermediate-level radioactive waste and/or spent fuel in the Boom Clay, a better understanding of the migration behaviour of Natural Organic Matter (NOM) is needed because it can act as a carrier molecule for radionuclides. Therefore, anin-situmigration experiment with14C-labelled NOM was performed to study the NOM migration behaviour on a large scale (m), on the long-term (>10 a) and in directions parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane (transport anisotropy). The numerical modelling tool HYDRUS2D/3D was used to interpret the results. The model was built stepwise, testing the influence of advection, (non-)linear equilibrium sorption, colloid attachment/detachment and anisotropy. The up scaling of previously determined parameters from small scale lab tests was also tested. A classic diffusion-advection-retardation description, using parameter values in the range of those obtained in the lab tests, provided already reasonable results. Inclusion of a colloid filtration term in the model significantly improved the simulation. Finally, the model was successfully tested against a second dataset and the anisotropy of the Boom clay was brought into account.
Sorption and diffusion of Eu in sedimentary rock in the presence of humic substance
Authors: Seida Y. , Terashima M. , Tachi Y. , Iijima Kazuki , Nakazawa T. , Yamada M. , Yui Mikazu 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
Sorption and diffusion behaviors of Eu in sedimentary rock in the presence of humic substance were investigated. The sedimentary rock collected from 500 m depth of HDB-6 bore hole at horonobe URL site of Japan and Aldrich humic acid (HA) were used in the present study. Sorption behaviors of Eu and the HA on the sedimentary rocks with and without the rock organic matter (ROM) were elucidated as a function of HA concentration. The HA reduced the sorption of Eu on the rock with the increase of HA. Eu and HA sorption on the rock with the ROM was larger than on the rock after removing the ROM, indicating that the ROM plays an important role on the sorption of Eu and HA. The diffusion of Eu in the presence of HA was examined as a function of HA concentration and molecular weight of the HA (∼150 kDa or below 10 kDa) by means of a reservoir depletion test method with the intact rock core of the sedimentary rock. Depletion of Eu concentration in the reservoir was reduced with the increase of HA concentration. On the other hand, slight depletion of HA concentration in the reservoir was observed, indicating that the larger HA molecule diffused less into the rock. From the depletion curve and in-diffusion profile of Eu in the rock, the effective diffusion coefficient, D
e, and distribution coefficient, K
d, in the intact system were estimated based on the profile fitting of the diffusion data with the conventional simple diffusion-sorption model. It was elucidated that the HA reduced the K
d and D
e of Eu in the intact system with the increase of HA. The contribution of the HA with smaller molecular weight to both the Eu sorption and diffusion was examined.