bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intuitive or Deliberative Dishonesty: The effect of abstract versus concrete victim
Authors: Cheng Jiayu , Liu Yue , Wang Chongxiang , Sun Qingzhou , Verschuere Bruno , Sai Liyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

There is much debate on the question about whether people are intuitively honest or intuitively dishonest. A recent social harm account was proposed to address this debate: dishonesty is intuitive when cheating inflicts harm on an abstract other while honesty is intuitive when cheating inflicts harm on a concrete other. This pre-registered and well-powered study (n = 764) aims to directly test this account by using a time pressure manipulation. Specifically, we examined whether time pressure (vs. self-paced) leads to more cheating when there is an abstract victim, but not when there is a concrete victim. Results showed no effect of time pressure and/or harm type on cheating. Given the seemingly low replication rate in this field of study and the use of contested experimental manipulations our research calls for preregistered research to directly test the effects of time pressure and social harm on the intuitive nature of (dis-)honest behavior.
Heterogeneous Firms, Heterogeneous Labourers, Rural-Urban Migration and the Effect of Change in Cost of Migration
Authors: Chaudhuri Sravaitri , Bhattacharyya Ranajoy , Bhattacharya Sukanta 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In this paper we set up a theoretical model of labour migration by extending the basic Harris Todaro (1970) model to incorporate the recent empirical findings on migration. We consider a closed developing economy with a dual structure. The urban formal sector has heterogenous firms producing varieties similar to the Melitz (2003) framework but with skill, wage and quality hierarchy. There is an urban informal sector producing an inferior good and a rural sector producing an essential good. The labourers are heterogeneous as well and there is both skilled and unskilled migration. Finally, in this structure we observe the effect of an infrastructural development policy in the form of reduction in fixed cost of migration. We find that both the sectors in the urban area expands while the rural sector shrinks. Furthermore, both skilled and unskilled migration increases. So, encouraging migration through infrastructural development by reducing cost of migration is beneficial as it leads to urbanisation.
JEL Classification: J24, J61, L22
Comparing Rainfall Prediction at Various Time Scales and Rainfall Interpolation at the Regional Scale Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Liao Zhou , Li Mei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Precipitation prediction has important applications in a variety of industries, including agriculture, water conservation, and transportation. In previous study, analyses of rainfall prediction were rarely carried out separately from the spatial and temporal scales. The rainfall data of every observation point in Zhejiang Province in 2015 were compared on a spatial scale using Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation (IDW), Kringing Interpolation, Moving Cube Interpolation (MC), Natural Neighbour Decomposition Interpolation (MSM), Nearest Neighbour Interpolation (NeaN), and Bilinear Interpolation (NN) in order to study the distribution trend of rainfall in the provincial area. The daily and monthly rainfall projections were simulated on a temporal scale using historical precipitation data from a Zhejiang Province observation site covering 30 years, from 1990 to 2020, as an example, using the RBFN and BP models. It is verified that the simulation and interpolation results generated by the two processes are accurate. In the realm of rainfall prediction, artificial neural networks (ANN) offer some advantages over the conventional classical interpolation method. Nevertheless, ANN is also constrained by nonlinear rainfall characteristics, training time, computational complexity, and the arrangement and quantity of meteorological stations, among other factors. The findings show that RBFN outperforms the BP model in rainfall simulation, particularly when it comes to predicting longer time horizons. The essay concludes with a discussion of the possible applications and future prospects of artificial neural networks (ANN) in the field of rainfall prediction at both geographical and temporal dimensions.
Conditions for late gadolinium enhancement MRI in myocardial infarction model rats that better reflect microscopic tissue staining
Authors: Junpei Ueda , Yabata Isamu , Itagaki Koji , Sawaya Reika , Banura Natsuo , Saito Shigeyoshi , Karata Hayato , Ota Miwa , Murata Chiharu , Nishida Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) is a widely used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method for assessing cardiac disease. However, the relationship between different LGE signal thresholds and microscopic tissue staining images is unclear. In this study, we performed cardiovascular MRI on myocardial infarction (MI) model rats and evaluated the relationship between LGE with different signal thresholding methods and tissue staining images. We prepared 16 rats that underwent MRI 14–18 days following a surgery to create an MI model. We captured cine and LGE images of the cardiac short-axis and longitudinal two- and four-chamber views. The mean ± 2SD, ± 3SD, and ± 5SD of the pixel values in the non-infarcted area were defined as the LGE area. We compared areas of Sirius red staining, determined by the color tone, with their respective LGE areas at end-diastole and end-systole. We observed that the LGE area calculated as the mean ± 2SD of the non-infarcted area at end-diastole demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the area of Sirius red staining (Pearson's correlation coefficient in both: 0.81 [p < 0.01]). Therefore, the LGE area calculated as the mean ± 2SD of the non-infarcted area at end-diastole reflected best the MI area in tissue staining.
Study on the killing effect of natural killer cells combined with ATF-Fc recombinant protein on uPAR high-expressing cell lines
Authors: Tang Tianci , Ye Xueshuai , Li Yang , Liu Guan , Cai Jianhui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Aging and cancer are interconnected, with studies suggesting that the aging-related secretory phenotype can induce transformation between epithelial and stromal cells, as well as tumor angiogenesis. This connection suggests the feasibility of a treatment strategy that simultaneously targets tumor cells and aging cells. Urine plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is highly expressed in both tumor and aging cells but lowly expressed in normal cells, making it a common target for anti-aging and anti-cancer therapies. This study aims to discuss an engineered antibody that, when combined with NK cells, exerts antibody-dependent cytotoxicity to clear cells with high uPAR expression. An ATF-Fc fusion protein, constructed by linking the uPAR ligand urokinase plasminogen activator (upa) binding domain (ATF) to the human IgG1 Fc fragment, was used to evaluate the killing effect of the combined antibody and NK cells on cells with high uPAR expression. In vitro experiments showed that ATF-Fc could specifically bind to cells overexpressing uPAR and promote their apoptosis. Animal experiments also confirmed the killing effect of ATF-Fc, which was enhanced when combined with NK cells. ATF-Fc antibody inhibited the proliferation of cells with high uPAR expression, with the synergistic killing effect of this antibody combined with NK cells being particularly significant.
Stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric determination of ferrocenes
Authors: Ivanova Bojidarka 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The paper treats stochastic dynamics mass spectrometric formulas of exact data-processing of measurands; thus, answering a question: How can be inferred reliably analyte identification and annotation from mass spectrometric measurands when omics-methods produce comparable performances among structurally similar analytes? Omics-methods are treated in context of instrumental measurements and data-processing. Exact quantitative and multi-dimensional structural mass spectrometric-based methods for metabolomics contributes crucially to understand biochemical mechanisms, because of metabolites are downstream biochemical products in living systems. Reliable metabolomics provides in-depth knowledge of response within biological fluids and tissues depending on internal and external agents, which is crucial for real time monitoring of human diseases. The study deals with structural analysis of ferroquine and its metabolites in human hepatic models utilizing ultra-high accuracy mass spectrometry, static and molecular dynamics quantum chemical approaches, and chemometrics. It provides excellent-to-exact performances in examining standard organometallics ferrocene and [FeII(L)(CO)2(CH3CN)] (L = 2-(5-oxo-4,6-bis-trimethylsilanyl-3,5-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyrrol-2-yl)-ethanesulfonic acid) (|r|=0.99992.) The analysis of ferroquine and its metabolites show |r|=0.99815–0.90814.
Mathematical Modelling on Extraction Types and Characterizations of Olea europaea Leaves; Their Antioxidant Performance in Bio-actives and Phenolic Profile by LC-MS/MS
Authors: KARAOGUL Eyyup , NEDJIP Gjulten 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The bioactive properties of olive leaf extract (OLE) were investigated using various extraction methods, including microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), conventional extraction (CE), and maceration (Mc). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize extraction parameters such as microwave power and time. RSM optimization revealed the influence of extraction types, independent variables, and their interactions on yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays) of OLE. The coefficient equation models (CEM, P < .01 and P < .0001) demonstrated high reliability (Rexp2:0.75–0.93, Radj2:0.69–0.9), with non-significant lack of fit (P > .05) and significant F values (P < .05). The model coefficients and analysis of variance (MCA) were significant between P < .05 and P < .0001. Watt power was identified as a more significant parameter than time. IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) values for DPPH/ABTS ranged from 8.57 to 14.80 mg/L, with the highest antioxidant activity observed in Mc. TPC and TFC ranged from 85.21 to 169.20 mg GAE/g dry and 1.49 to 111.98 mg Qrc/g dry, respectively, with MAE yielding the highest polyphenol content. LC-MS/MS analysis identified eight major components in OLE, primarily Oleuropein and Quercetin, whose concentrations varied with extraction methods. The optimized conditions for CE (t = 30 min) and MAE (t = 30 min/350 W) were determined with desirabilities of 91.1% and 82.2%, respectively. Overall, extraction method, time, and watt significantly influenced response variables (p < 0.05).
Exploring Obesity Management as a Novel Approach for Preventing Inguinal Hernias: Evidence from a Mendelian Randomization Study and Systematic Review
Authors: Deng Zhizhi , Zhou Zhenhua , Zhang Xuan , Xiao Zhongsheng , Xiao Shuai , Huang Qiulin , Yi Xianhao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background: The relationship between obesity and the risk of developing inguinal hernias (IH) is still unclear. This study aimed to examine the role of different types of obesity in IH risk, with the potential for obesity management as a new approach to preventing IH.
Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and replicated MR analysis were conducted to assess the causal effect of obesity on IH risk. Summary data on genetically determined obesity-related traits, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), were collected from large-scale consortia. Multivariable MR was performed to estimate the independent effects on IH risk. Additionally, a systematic review of observational studies identified from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted to evaluate the associations between different obesity types and IH, covering the period from inception to November 22, 2023.
Results: The findings revealed that increased BMI, WC, and HC (P < 0.05) were associated with a lower risk of IH. The replicated and multivariable MR analyses consistently indicated that BMI exhibited a similar direction and magnitude of effect as observed in the univariable MR analysis [odds ratio (OR) = 0.940-0.989], while WC was associated with a higher risk of IH (OR = 1.018-1.099). The systematic review results supported BMI as a protective factor against inguinal hernia. However, there was limited evidence supporting the causal role of HC and WHR in IH risk.
Conclusion: Genetically determined BMI and WC demonstrate a causal relationship with IH risk, providing new insights into potential underlying mechanisms. These results suggest that increasing overall or reducing abdominal obesity may be beneficial for preventing IH.
Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) induced corrosion in Zn-Ni-Cu and Zn-Ni-Cu- TiB 2 coated ASTM A-36 Steel
Authors: Ali Sheikh Idrees , nazir sheikh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate the corrosion performance of Zn-Ni-Cu and Zn-Ni-Cu-TiB2 coatings in the microbial-induced environment (E-Coli, ATCC 25922, and 3.5%NaCl solution). Zn-Ni-Cu and Zn-Ni-Cu-TiB2 were surfaces coated on an ASTM A-36 Steel substrate utilizing a high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process. Immersion tests following ASTM G-31, and ASTM G1-03, standards were performed in Escherichia Coli (E-Coli, American Type Culture CollectionATCC25922) bacteria medium.The effect of Zn, Ni, and Ti was studied in preventing microbial-induced corrosion.SEM, and XRD analysis before and after helped to understand the morphological and structural changes in coated/uncoated ASTM A-36 steel. Various forms of rust were ascertained in XRD analysis. The presence of Zn and Cu prevented the bacterial attachment with coated surface and hence prevented the underlying substrate from being corroded substantially.The coatings performed well and limited the growth of bacteria. The uncoated ASTM A-36 Steel specimen showed well-developed bacterial colonies on the surface and in the solution medium. All forms of rust were reported in XRD analysis for uncoated ASTM A-36 steel while few forms of rust were reported in coated ASTM A-36 steel.Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in Escherichia Coli (E-Coli, ATCC 25922) medium confirmed that coated samples were more corrosion resistant than uncoated ASTM A-36 Steel specimens because of the corrosion potential (Ecorr) values of both coated samples were higher than uncoated ASTM A-36 Steel suggesting better anodic protection. The corrosion current density (Icorr) of both coated samples (Zn-Ni-Cu and Zn-Ni-Cu-TiB2) were lower than uncoated ASTM A-36 Steel specimens also inferring better performance.Results of the current study concluded that Zn-Ni-Cu-TiB2 coated ASTM A-36 Steel was able to enhance the microbial-induced corrosion resistance without deteriorating the microstructural, adhesion strength, and other properties of the coating. The mass loss for both Zn-Ni-Cu and Zn-Ni-Cu-TiB2 coatings was 88% less compared to uncoated ASTM A-36 Steel. It is seen from scanning electron micrographs that the coatings produced were well-developed with minimum pores and cracks. After immersion cycle tests none of the coatings showed delamination or microbial colony attachment to the surface compared to ASTM A-36 Steel wherein degradation of the whole surface is visible along with corrosion in the interface.
Enhanced Aerobic Methane Oxidation: Influence of Ammonium Introduction and Complete Nitrification Coupling on Metabolic Activity
Authors: Xu Qiyong , Bai Xinyue , Huang Dandan , Yang Wanli , Yue Yuanmao , Wang Ning , Zhang Ruijie , Wu Jiang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The biological process of methane (CH4) oxidation is crucial for reducing fugitive CH4 emissions into the atmosphere. Within the nitrogen cycle, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) significantly influence the growth and activity of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB). However, the stimulatory effects of NH4+ and NO3- on aerobic CH4 oxidation and the associated metabolic remain to be comprehensively elucidated. In this study, NH4+ and NO3- were loaded onto zeolites and mixed with MOB-rich soil to conduct CH4 incubation experiments. The CH4 oxidation rate and metabolomic changes during the second cycle, characterized by distinct MOB activities, were determined. The NH4+-added group showed a significant increase in the CH4 oxidation rate (up to 1.25 mg CH4·g-1·d-1) compared with the NO3--added group. Analysis of the microbial community and metabolomics revealed that NH4+ stimulated the population of two electroactive bacterial Clostridia and Thermincolales within the Firmicutes phylum. On the metabolic level, NH4+ was noted to promote nucleotide and active amino acid metabolic pathways. Nitrospirota drove the synthesis of glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids, which could be used by the MOB in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Additionally, this study clarified the plausible interplay between nitrification and the CH4 oxidation process. These insights could help enhance our understanding of the interaction between the global nitrogen cycle and aerobic CH4 oxidation.
Private Supplementary Tutoring in Cambodia Educational System: What Matters for Policies?
Authors: Sam Rany 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

In Cambodia, as in many ASEAN countries, private supplementary tutoring, also known as 'shadow education,' is a significant component of the educational landscape. This chapter examines the root causes of shadow education in Cambodia, the challenges it poses, and the effectiveness of existing policies aimed at regulating this sector. Through semi-structured interviews with 21 principals and teachers, the study identifies key drivers of shadow education, including inadequate formal education, insufficient resources, regulatory gaps, and teachers’ low salaries. The findings indicate a widespread reliance on private tutoring to compensate for these deficiencies, which exacerbates educational inequalities. The chapter concludes with targeted recommendations for students, parents, educators, and policymakers, underscoring the critical need for robust and effective regulatory frameworks to address the challenges of shadow education and to enhance the quality and equity of Cambodia's educational system
Fake News Detection with Large Language Models on the LIAR Dataset
Authors: Boissonneault David , Hensen Emily 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The widespread dissemination of fake news poses a significant threat to the integrity of information. Detecting fake news with high accuracy is crucial for maintaining the integrity of information in the digital age. The evaluation of ChatGPT and Google Gemini models for this task has revealed their substantial capabilities in discerning the veracity of statements, highlighting their potential to mitigate the spread of misinformation. Using the LIAR benchmark dataset, the study demonstrated high performance metrics across accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC-ROC, emphasizing the effectiveness of these models in real-world applications. The comparative analysis and error examination provided insights into the strengths and limitations of each model, offering valuable guidance for future enhancements. Practical implications include the integration of these models into fact-checking systems to improve content verification processes, supporting media organizations and social platforms in their efforts to combat misinformation. The findings prove the importance of ongoing research and development to refine and optimize LLMs, ensuring their continued relevance and efficacy in addressing the challenges posed by fake news.
Hypnotherapy, Relaxation, and Music Therapy in Pediatric Cancer Pain Management: A Clinical Trial Comparison
Authors: Yousefi Fayegh , Moradveisi Borhan , Roshani Daem , Mansouri Majid , Servatyari Karo 
Published: May 2024

Introduction
Pain is a prevalent issue across various medical conditions, and numerous methods have been employed to manage it. In developed countries, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of hypnotherapy, relaxation therapy, and Music Therapy (MT) with control groups in alleviating pain in children with cancer.

Methods
The research involved a single-blind clinical trial with a study population comprising children diagnosed with an abdominal mass and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Fifty-eight patients were selected through blocked randomization. Data were collected through a demographic checklist and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to measure pain intensity. Data analysis was carried out using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 22 to compare mean pain intensity among the study groups.

Results
A total of 58 patients, with an average age of 9.28±4.02 years, participated in the study. Significant differences were observed between the hypnotherapy group and the other study groups (F=14.51; P≤0.001), as well as between the MT group and the other study groups (F=12.81; P≤0.001). Moreover, significant differences were found in terms of time between the relaxation therapy group and the other study groups (F=8.46; P≤0.001) and between the control group and the other groups (F=5.506; P≤0.001).

Conclusion
Based on the findings, relaxation therapy, hypnotherapy, and Music Therapy (MT) have shown significant effectiveness in alleviating pain in cancer patients during their treatment.

Clinical Trial Registration No
Trial registration Clinical trial. gov Identifier: IRCTID website (code: IRCT20120905010744N2; http://irct.ir).