bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing factors associated with major complications after adenotonsillectomy in 4776 patients: Comparing three tonsillectomy techniques
Authors: Gallagher Thomas Q. , Wilcox Lyndy , McGuire Erin , Derkay Craig S. 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveTo compare the rates of major complications (postoperative hemorrhage requiring return to the operating room or cauterization in the emergency department and dehydration requiring intravenous fluids or readmission) in a large cohort of children undergoing adenotonsillectomy by three different techniques.Study DesignCase series with chart review, case‐controlled study.SettingRegional children's hospital.Subjects and MethodsSubjects comprised patients aged 1 to 18 years undergoing adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, or adenotonsillectomy by microdebrider, coblator, or Bovie over a 36‐month period. Major complications identified were compared to two case‐matched controls to try to identify patients at risk for major postoperative complications.ResultsThe overall complication rate was 80 of 4776 (1.7 ± 0.4% [percent ± 95% confidence interval]). Of the 3362 patients who received either an adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy alone, 80 had a complication (2.3 ± 0.5%). Major complication rates differed among tonsil removal techniques: 34 of 1235 (2.8 ± 0.9%) coblation; 40 of 1289 (3.1 ± 0.9%) electrocautery; six of 824 (0.7 ± 0.7%) microdebrider (P < 0.001). Postoperative hemorrhage occurred in older children (8.5 vs 5.5 years; P < 0.001), while age did not influence postsurgical dehydration (5.33 vs 5.49 years). The case‐control portion of the study did not find any reliable way to identify patients at risk for complications during adenotonsillectomy. Identity of the surgeon was not a confounding independent variable, nor was participation by resident surgeons.ConclusionIn this “real life” teaching hospital surgical setting in which three different techniques of tonsillectomy are routinely performed by a variety of resident and attending surgeons, microdebrider intracapsular tonsillectomy is associated with lower rates of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage and dehydration when compared to coblation and electrocautery complete tonsillectomy technique.
Lymphatic malformations: Review of current treatment
Authors: Perkins Jonathan A. , Manning Scott C. , Tempero Richard M. , Cunningham Michael J. , Edmonds Joseph L. , Hoffer Fredric A. , Egbert Mark A. 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveSummarize current knowledge of lymphatic malformation medical, sclerotherapy, and surgical treatment; and highlight areas of treatment controversy and treatment difficulty that need improvement.MethodsPanel presentation of various aspects of lymphatic malformation treatment.ResultsThe mainstay of lymphatic malformation treatment has been surgical resection, which has been refined through lesion staging and radiographic characterization. Intralesional sclerotherapy in macrocystic lymphatic malformations is effective. Suprahyoid microcystic lymphatic malformations are more difficult to treat than macrocystic lymphatic malformations in the infrahyoid and posterior cervical regions. Bilateral suprahyoid lymphatic malformations require staged treatment to prevent complications. Lymphatic malformation treatment planning is primarily determined by the presence or possibility of functional compromise. Problematic areas include chronic lymphatic malformation inflammation, dental health maintenance, macroglossia, airway obstruction, and dental malocclusion.ConclusionsLymphatic malformation treatment improvements have been made through radiographic characterization and staging of lymphatic malformations. Direct malformation involvement of the upper aerodigestive tract can cause significant functional compromise that is difficult to treat.
A study of resident proficiency with thyroid surgery: Creation of a thyroid‐specific tool
Authors: Stack Brendan C. , Siegel Eric , Bodenner Donald , Carr Michelle M. 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveCreation and testing of a tool, Hemithyroidectomy‐Specific Scale (HSS), to evaluate performance of a hemithyroidectomy.Study DesignProspective, multi‐center study of our HSS tool versus a Global Scale (GS).SettingTwo tertiary care academic medical centers.Subjects and MethodsSixteen unique residents (postgraduate years [PGY] 2‐5) evaluated a total of 97 times with a performance tool by a single endocrine surgeon evaluator (B.C.S.).ResultsOverall, the reliability of both evaluation instruments was good. Cronbach's alpha was 0.972 for the GS and 0.959 for the HSS. This indicates high internal consistency of each instrument. In general, the scores increased with increasing PGY level, indicating reasonable construct validity.ConclusionThis study describes a new HSS checklist type of evaluation instrument for hemithyroidectomy and compares it to a validated GS. HSS offers advantages to GS. Most residents reached competence in hemithyroidectomy by the PGY4 level. A large, multi‐institutional study would be required for adequate evaluation of our tool prior to its routine use in resident evaluations.
Treatment of auricular hematoma by OK‐432
Authors: Kubota Toshinori , Ohta Nobuo , Fukase Shigeru , Kon Yoshihisa , Aoyagi Masaru 
Published: May 2010

ObjectivesIntralesional injection therapy with OK‐432 was developed as a therapy for operatively difficult lymphangioma (cystic hygroma) and is currently becoming a first‐choice treatment for this disease. The aim of this article was to evaluate the outcome and complications of the treatment of patients with auricular hematoma by OK‐432 therapy.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingYamagata University School of Medicine.Subjects and MethodsWe tried this therapy in 21 patients with auricular hematoma between January 2001 and February 2009. We injected OK‐432 solution into the lesion with a 27‐gauge needle to prevent the leak of the agent out of the hematoma. We performed this treatment on an outpatient basis without hospitalization.ResultsDisappearance or marked reduction of the lesion were observed in all patients who had this therapy, and local scarring and deformity of the auricle did not occur in any patients. As for side effects, local pain at the injection site and fever (37°C‐38°C) were observed in a few of the patients who had this therapy, but such problems resolved within a few days.ConclusionThese results may allow us to speculate that intralesional injection therapy with OK‐432 is simple, easy, safe, and effective and can be used as a substitute for surgery in the treatment of auricular hematoma.
Gustatory itching: an unusual complication following superficial parotidectomy
Authors: Ricks R , Banga R , Porter M 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective:We report the previously undocumented complication of gustatory itching following superficial parotidectomy.Method:Case report and review of the English literature concerning Frey's syndrome, complications of superficial parotidectomy and the pathophysiology of itching.Results:A 49-year-old woman developed gustatory itching following a superficial parotidectomy. Her symptoms were satisfactorily managed with topical and oral antihistamine preparations. We propose a neurophysiological pathway involving acetylcholine and histamine to explain this phenomenon.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of gustatory itching following superficial parotidectomy. The use of antihistamine preparations appears to effectively manage this symptom, without the need for invasive procedures.
Psychopathic personality in children: genetic and environmental contributions
Authors: Bezdjian S. , Raine A. , Baker L. A. , Lynam D. R. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundThe current study investigates whether the underlying factor structure of psychopathic personality traits found in adults is similar to that in children and what the extent of the genetic and environmental influences are on these psychopathic traits.MethodPsychopathic personality traits were assessed in a community sample of 1219 twins and triplets (age 9–10 years) through caregiver reports of each child's behavior using the Child Psychopathy Scale (CPS).ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses revealed an optimal two-factor solution (callous/disinhibited and manipulative/deceitful) to the CPS subscales. Bivariate genetic modeling of the two computed factor scores revealed significant genetic as well as unique environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits in both boys and girls, with heritability estimates of 0.64 and 0.46, respectively, in boys and 0.49 and 0.58, respectively, in girls. No shared environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits were found.ConclusionsThe relationship between the two factors was mediated by both genetic and unique environmental factors common to both traits.
Inductive Logic Programming in Databases: From Datalog to
Authors: LISI FRANCESCA A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper we address an issue that has been brought to the attention of the database community with the advent of the Semantic Web, i.e., the issue of how ontologies (and semantics conveyed by them) can help solving typical database problems, through a better understanding of Knowledge Representation (KR) aspects related to databases. In particular, we investigate this issue from the ILP perspective by considering two database problems, (i) the definition of views and (ii) the definition of constraints, for a database whose schema is represented also by means of an ontology. Both can be reformulated as ILP problems and can benefit from the expressive and deductive power of the KR framework $\mathcal{DL}+log}^{\neg\vee}$. We illustrate the application scenarios by means of examples.
Asset commitment, constitutional governance and the nature of the firm
Authors: GRANDORI ANNA 
Published: May 2010

Abstract:Integrating organization theory, organizational economics, and organizational law considerations, it is argued that the ‘nature of the firm’ can be more completely understood if it is considered a complete society-establishing contract, including constitutional pacts on procedures for the selection of actions, rather than a nexus of incomplete transactional contracts complemented by authority, power, or relational norms. The explanation is more general since firm-establishing contracts are a sub-set of those society-establishing contracts that are capable of regulating any venture in condition of high uncertainty and potential conflict, and because the constitutional regime adopted (authority-based, democratic, or other) becomes a specification of particular types of firms rather than part of the explanation of the firm. Evidence from published studies, as well as from newly gathered data on firm-founding contracts and other partnership establishing contracts (500 record database on large multi-party projects), document that actual contracts under uncertainty do fit the hypothesized pattern.
Posttranslational modification and sequence variation of redox-active proteins correlate with biofilm life cycle in natural microbial communities
Authors: Singer Steven W , Erickson Brian K , VerBerkmoes Nathan C , Hwang Mona , Shah Manesh B , Hettich Robert L , Banfield Jillian F , Thelen Michael P 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Characterizing proteins recovered from natural microbial communities affords the opportunity to correlate protein expression and modification with environmental factors, including species composition and successional stage. Proteogenomic and biochemical studies of pellicle biofilms from subsurface acid mine drainage streams have shown abundant cytochromes from the dominant organism, Leptospirillum Group II. These cytochromes are proposed to be key proteins in aerobic Fe(II) oxidation, the dominant mode of cellular energy generation by the biofilms. In this study, we determined that posttranslational modification and expression of amino-acid sequence variants change as a function of biofilm maturation. For Cytochrome579 (Cyt579), the most abundant cytochrome in the biofilms, late developmental-stage biofilms differed from early-stage biofilms in N-terminal truncations and decreased redox potentials. Expression of sequence variants of two monoheme c-type cytochromes also depended on biofilm development. For Cyt572, an abundant membrane-bound cytochrome, the expression of multiple sequence variants was observed in both early and late developmental-stage biofilms; however, redox potentials of Cyt572 from these different sources did not vary significantly. These cytochrome analyses show a complex response of the Leptospirillum Group II electron transport chain to growth within a microbial community and illustrate the power of multiple proteomics techniques to define biochemistry in natural systems.
Links between viral and prokaryotic communities throughout the water column in the (sub)tropical Atlantic Ocean
Authors: De Corte Daniele , Sintes Eva , Winter Christian , Yokokawa Taichi , Reinthaler Thomas , Herndl Gerhard J 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Viral and prokaryotic abundance, production and diversity were determined throughout the water column of the subtropical Atlantic Ocean to assess potential variations in the relation between viruses and prokaryotes. Prokaryotic abundance and heterotrophic activity decreased by one and three orders of magnitude, respectively, from the epi- to the abyssopelagic layer. Although the lytic viral production (VP) decreased with depth, lysogenic VP was variable throughout the water column and did not show any trend with depth. The bacterial, archaeal and viral community composition were depth-stratified as determined by the automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, respectively. Generally, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) did not reveal consistent trends throughout the water column. Viral and prokaryotic abundance were strongly related to heterotrophic prokaryotic production, suggesting similar linkage strength between the viral and prokaryotic communities from the lower epi- to the abyssopelagic layer in the Atlantic Ocean. Strikingly, the prokaryotic and viral parameters exhibited a similar variability throughout the water column down to the abyssopelagic layers, suggesting that the dark ocean is as dynamic a system as is the lower epipelagic layer. It also indicates that viruses are apparently having a similar role for prokaryotic mortality in the dark oceanic realm as in surface waters. The more than twofold increase in bacterial OTUs from 2750 m depth to &gt;5000 m depth and the concurrent decrease in viral OTUs, however, suggests that viruses might exhibit a wider host range in deep waters than in surface waters.
Impacts of climate change on biodiversity - consolidated knowledge and research gaps.
Authors: Vohland K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Climate change is one of the main drivers impacting biodiversity. The spatial and temporal distribution of temperature and precipitation as well as the increasing CO
2
concentration of the atmosphere are the main drivers substantially modifying the competitive success of species. Most information exists at the species level, and here studies to correlate future species distribution with climate change indicators prevail. Most information that concentrates on the species level is based on studies that correlate future species distribution with climate change indicators. However, the reliability of these findings is limited because only slowly adaptive processes are included into modelling frameworks (if any at all). Direct impacts of climate change are manifested by physiological processes in all organisms, but most information is available for plants only. Some plant species may benefit from increasing atmospheric CO
2
. Higher temperatures, especially in spring, might induce earlier budburst, which causes longer growing periods. Higher temperature and droughts, on the other hand, limit assimilation and growth. Changes in biodiversity at the ecosystem level are more difficult to capture, not the least because different scientific communities use different definitions. From a societal point of view, ecosystems provide vital services whose provision might change under climate change. While in some regions ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration might increase, in others they might decrease as a result of water limitations and heat stress. More integrated nature conservation strategies that combine the protection of specific species of common interest with minimizing land-use tradeoffs will increase. Research is needed to develop suitable strategies that ensure adaptive capacity at all biodiversity levels and satisfy human requirements.
Evolving vaccine choices for the continuously evolving avian influenza viruses.
Authors: Collisson E. W. , Singh S. , Drechsler Y. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are a continuously evolving group of RNA viruses with segmented genomes. Although AIV is thought to originate from wild bird populations, the capacity for ready mutation and adaptation to mammalian hosts makes AIV both a potential agricultural and public health risk. Worldwide spread of AIV is inevitable because of the ever-presence of infection in wild, especially migratory, bird reservoirs. Therefore, vaccine development is of high priority. The potential for genetic shift (reassortment) and drift (point mutations) is a concern for dependency on live, attenuated vaccine strategies, which were the first vaccines of wide use in poultry. Inactivated whole virus and subunit protein vaccines provide limited immune responses. The evolution of vaccine strategies is the result of creative applications of genetic engineering to develop plasmid and viral gene delivery vectors. Gene vaccines that include plasmid DNA and viral vector delivery of AIV genes allow for endogenous,
in vivo
amplification of proteins within cells. The viral vectors are Nature's specialists for cellular delivery of genetic information and, if replication-competent, also for the spread from host cell to cell, furthering opportunities for induction of immunity. Viral proteins that induce neutralizing antibodies are preferred to subunit vaccines. The replication-competent fowlpox virus vectors have been licensed and proved to be efficacious even in field situations. Several avian respiratory viruses, with DNA or RNA genomes, are being developed with promising practical application for poultry. Maximum exploitation of vectored vaccines may incorporate enhancing immune molecules. Future vaccines must also allow for differentiation of vaccinated birds from naturally infected birds.
How can producers access the modern agri-food chain? A Central and Eastern European perspective.
Authors: Ferto I. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
This article reviews the empirical literature on how farmers can access the modern agri-food chain in Central and Eastern Europe, with special emphasis on small-scale producers. We focus on two questions: on farmer-buyer relationships and the credit market imperfections. We briefly describe common theoretical approaches including transaction costs economics, economics of enforceable contracts and augmented accelerator model. Empirical results suggest that after almost two decades since the beginning of transition, the adjustment problems of farmers in these countries are more general, and many of them are not specific to small-scale farms. However, some issues are more severe for small-scale farms as a lack of enforceable contract arrangements and cooperation among farmers, the low level of trust in trading partners and difficult access to credit markets. Note that empirical evidence is far from exhaustive, especially for small-scale farms. Thus we need more research on these fields focusing on more countries and more food chains, including more carefully developed theoretical models as a base for empirical research.
Probiotics and aquaculture.
Authors: Aly S. M. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Aquaculture has become the fastest growing sector of food production in the world. Despite the encouraging trends, several constraints have a negative impact on the growth of aquaculture. Among those, diseases are the primary limiting factors. Bacterial diseases are responsible for heavy mortality in both wild and cultured fish. Antibiotics are used to control such infection but may result in development and spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes and occurrence of antimicrobial residues in fish tissues. This may induce a negative impact on human health, fish performance and the environment. An alternative approach employed recently to control bacterial infection in fish is the use of vaccines. However, vaccines are not available in many countries, a tremendous amount of human labour is required to deliver the vaccines, and implementation is also associated with handling stress for the fish, which may impair the efficacy of the vaccines to a great extent. The concept of biological disease control, particularly using non-pathogenic biological agents (probiotics), has received widespread attention during the last decade. This review focused on the nature, sources, benefit, selection criteria, mode of action and efficiency of probiotics.
Distinguishing Suicidal from Non-Suicidal Deliberate Self-Harm Events in Women with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Maddock Gillian R. , Carter Gregory L. , Murrell Elizabeth R. , Lewin Terry J. , Conrad Agatha M. 
Published: May 2010

Objective: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is common in Borderline Personality Disorder, may be due to a variety of reasons, and is associated with different degrees of suicidal intent. Understanding the reasons for episodes of DSH in this population may be helpful in developing interventions to reduce the rate of DSH or to assist in the clinical judgement of suicidal intention after DSH has occurred. Methods: The Parasuicide History Interview, version 2 (PHI-2) was used to determine the reasons for DSH events in 70 Australian women diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. Factor analysis of the responses identified four empirically derived component factors. Multivariate models were developed to identify the independent predictors of suicidal deliberate self-harm (S-DSH) versus non-suicidal deliberate self-harm (NS-DSH) events. Results: Participants and raters showed strong agreement in classifying S-DSH and NS-DSH events. Methods used that involved self-poisoning, jumping or stabbing showed increased risk for S-DSH, adjusted odds ratio 12.07 (95% CI 2.17, 67.29), compared to the referent group, external damage to skin with no rescue contact being sought. Although no grouping of reasons were independently significant, the lower the effectiveness of the DSH event to resolve the reasons for the event, the higher the risk of it having been a S-DSH event. Conclusion: In clinical situations, any Borderline Personality Disorder patient seeking help or medical attention, using any method other than superficial external injury to skin, or reporting a failure to effectively resolve the reasons for the DSH event, should be considered as likely to have had a S-DSH event (greater suicidal intention). However, specific reasons for the DSH event, or individual subject characteristics, did not meaningfully distinguish S-DSH from NS-DSH events.