bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between areas with Gd‐EOB‐DTPA uptake and without in hepatocellular carcinomas on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced hepatobiliary‐phase MR imaging: Pathological correlation
Authors: Lee Sanghee , Kim Seong Hyun , Park Cheol Keun , Kim Young‐sun , Lee Won Jae , Lim Hyo K. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To determine histological and MR imaging differences between areas with Gd‐EOB‐DTPA (gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) uptake and without in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) as seen on Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced hepatobiliary‐phase MR images.Materials and Methods:This study included nine patients with nine histopathologically proven HCCs (mean size, 1.9 cm) that consisted of two portions of a non‐hypointense (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA uptake) and hypointense area (no Gd‐EOB‐DTPA uptake) in one tumor as depicted on hepatobiliary‐phase MR images. Two radiologists and one pathologist compared the histological and MR finding differences between the two portions in consensus.Results:In eight specimens, non‐hypointense areas of six specimens showed a green color and two specimens did not show a green color. Microscopically, two of nine showed a higher percentage of bile pigments in the non‐hypointense area as compared to the hypointense area and the remaining seven showed no difference. Six were homogeneous Edmondson‐Steiner grade II, and one was grade I. In two, non‐hypointense areas were grade II and hypointense areas were grade I. No difference between the two portions was found for necrosis, hemorrhage, fibrosis, and a fibrous capsule. Seven on T1/T2‐weighted images and eight on arterial and portal phase images showed no different signal intensity between the two portions.Conclusion:Although macroscopically, a non‐hypointense area of an HCC seen on GD‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced hepatobiliary‐phase images may be associated with the area with a green color, no definite microscopic and MR imaging findings that could discriminate a non‐hypointense from a hypointense area of an HCC was found. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:719–725. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional connectivity in blood oxygenation level‐dependent and cerebral blood volume‐weighted resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in the rat brain
Authors: Magnuson Matthew , Majeed Waqas , Keilholz Shella D. 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To directly compare functional connectivity and spatiotemporal dynamics acquired with blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood volume (CBV)‐weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in anesthetized rats.Materials and Methods:A series of BOLD images were acquired in 10 rats followed by CBV‐weighted images created by injection of ultrasmall iron oxide particles. Functional connectivity, spectral information, and spatiotemporal dynamics were compared for the BOLD and CBV‐weighted resting state scans.Results:BOLD scans exhibited higher cross‐correlation values compared to CBV‐weighted scans, but the spatial patterns of correlation were similar. The BOLD spectrum contains power evenly distributed throughout the low‐frequency range while the CBV power spectrum exhibited a high power peak localized to ≈0.2 Hz. Both BOLD and CBV resting state scans showed similar propagating waves of activity along the cortex from the SII toward MI; however, these waves were detected more often in BOLD scans than in CBV scans.Conclusion:While the power spectrum of the CBV signal is different from that of the BOLD signal, both connectivity maps and spatiotemporal dynamics are similar for the two modalities. Further experiments should address the relationship between spontaneous neural activity, local changes in metabolism, and hemodynamic fluctuations to elucidate the origins of the BOLD and CBV signals. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:584–592. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interobserver and intraobserver variability of the apparent diffusion coefficient in treated malignant hepatic lesions on a 3.0T machine: Measurements in the whole lesion versus in the area with the most restricted diffusion
Authors: Lu Tri‐Linh C. , Meuli Reto A. , Marques‐Vidal Pedro M. , Bize Pierre , Denys Alban , Schmidt Sabine 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:To assess the inter/intraobserver variability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in treated hepatic lesions and to compare ADC measurements in the whole lesion and in the area with the most restricted diffusion (MRDA).Materials and Methods:Twenty‐five patients with treated malignant liver lesions were examined on a 3.0T machine. After agreeing on the best ADC image, two readers independently measured the ADC values in the whole lesion and in the MRDA. These measurements were repeated 1 month later. The Bland–Altman method, Spearman correlation coefficients, and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used to evaluate the measurements.Results:Interobserver variability for ADC measurements in the whole lesion and in the MRDA was 0.17 × 10−3 mm2/s [−0.17, +0.17] and 0.43 × 10−3 mm2/s [−0.45, +0.41], respectively. Intraobserver limits of agreement could be as low as [−0.10, +0.12] 10−3 mm2/s and [−0.20, +0.33] 10−3 mm2/s for measurements in the whole lesion and in the MRDA, respectively.Conclusion:A limited variability in ADC measurements does exist, and it should be considered when interpreting ADC values of hepatic malignancies. This is especially true for the measurements of the minimal ADC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:647–653. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new open tubular capillary microextraction and sweeping for the analysis of super low concentration of hydrophobic compounds
Authors: Xia Zhining , Gan Tingting , Chen Hua , Lv Rui , Wei Weili , Yang Fengqing 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA sample pre‐concentration method based on the in‐line coupling of in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction and electrophoretic sweeping was developed for the analysis of hydrophobic compounds. The sample pre‐concentration and electrophoretic separation processes were simply and sequentially carried out with a (35%‐phenyl)‐methylpolysiloxane‐coated capillary. The developed method was validated and applied to enrich and separate several pharmaceuticals including loratadine, indomethacin, ibuprofen and doxazosin. Several parameters of microextration were investigated such as temperature, pH and eluant. And the concentration of microemulsion that influences separation efficiency and microextraction efficiency were also studied. Central composite design was applied for the optimization of sampling flow rate and sampling time that interact in a very complex way with each other. The precision, sensitivity and recovery of the method were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum enrichment factors for loratadine, indomethacin, ibuprofen and doxazosin in aqueous solutions are 1355, 571, 523 and 318, respectively. In addition, the developed method was applied to determine loratadine in rabbit blood sample.
Enantioseparation of racemic paroxol on an amylose‐based chiral stationary phase by supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Bao Zongbi , Su Baogen , Xing Huabin , Yang Yiwen , Ren Qilong 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe separation of racemic paroxol, a key precursor of trans‐(−)‐paroxetine, on Chiralpak AD‐H, an amylose‐based chiral stationary phase, by supercritical fluid chromatography was studied. Pulse experiments were investigated using supercritical carbon dioxide modified with methanol (MeOH), ethanol and 2‐propanol at 35°C and 15 MPa. Retention and separation factors were determined under analytical conditions for different mobile phase compositions. Among the modifiers used, MeOH was shown to be the best additive, and 5% v/v of MeOH was the preferable concentration at which selectivity of 1.14 and resolution of 3.0 was obtained. In order to evaluate the potential with respect to preparative separations, the adsorption isotherms of individual enantiomers of paroxol were estimated using the elution by characteristic point method. Isotherm parameters were determined from the overloaded elution profiles that were collected at pressure ranging from 15 to 24 MPa. The isotherms obtained were further validated by comparing experimentally recorded elution profiles with the predictions based on the equilibrium‐dispersive model. The results are important to the process design and optimization of preparative supercritical fluid chromatography application.
The relationship between managers' environmental perceptions, environmental management and firm performance in Spanish hotels: a whole framework
Authors: López‐Gamero María D. , Molina‐Azorín José F. , Claver‐Cortes Enrique 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe examination of the possible direct link between environmental protection and firm performance has generally produced mixed results. This paper contributes to the literature by considering the antecedents of hotel managers' environmental attitudes to check whether perceptions of the external and internal factors are behind the adoption of a proactive environmental management. The study also tests whether or not the resource‐based view of the hotel mediates the positive relationships of proactive environmental management and improved environmental performance with competitive advantage and financial performance. This contribution is original because this study develops a comprehensive whole picture of this path process, which has previously only been partially discussed in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three-dimensional computed tomography scan analysis of hepatic vasculatures in the donor liver for living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Uchida Koichiro , Taniguchi Masahiko , Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Suzuki Tomomi , Yamashita Kenichiro , Ota Minoru , Kamiyama Toshiya , Matsushita Michiaki , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Todo Satoru 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Because hepatic vasculatures exhibit variations, a preoperative evaluation of the vascular anatomy and an estimation of the volume of the liver graft are essential for successful adult living donor liver transplantation. Using 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT), we analyzed the volumetric and anatomical relationship of the hepatic vasculatures of liver grafts. The livers of 223 potential donors were analyzed by 3D CT. Volumetric analysis was performed for each hepatic vein and its tributaries. The anatomy of the portal vein and hepatic artery was assessed along with the biliary system via intraoperative cholangiography in 110 recipients. On the basis of the anatomical presentation of the inferior right hepatic vein (IRHV), the hepatic veins were classified as follows: in type I, the IRHV was absent; in type II, the IRHV was smaller than the right hepatic vein (RHV); and in type III, the IRHV was greater than or equal to the RHV in size. The drainage volume of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) and especially its tributaries in the right lobe increased with the size of the IRHV (P < 0.001). In type III hepatic veins with a large IRHV (17% of the donors), the MHV tributaries had the largest drainage volume in the right lobe (41.2% ± 11.8%). Furthermore, type III hepatic veins typically exhibited biliary variations in 75% of the donors. No correlation was observed between variations in the hepatic artery and portal vein. In conclusion, a right lobe graft with a large IRHV is accompanied by a large drainage volume via the MHV and by bile duct variations in 17% of livers. Therefore, anatomical and volumetric analysis is important for preoperative evaluations. Liver Transpl 16:1062-1068, 2010. © 2010 AASLD.
Distribution‐based anomaly detection in 3G mobile networks: from theory to practice
Authors: D'Alconzo Alessandro , Coluccia Angelo , Romirer‐Maierhofer Peter 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe design of anomaly detection (AD) methods for network traffic has been intensively investigated by the research community in recent years. However, less attention has been devoted to the issues which eventually arise when deploying such tools in a real operational context. We designed a statistical based change detection algorithm for identifying deviations in distribution time series. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of a large dataset from an operational 3G mobile network, in the perspective of the adoption of such a tool in production. Our algorithm is designed to cope with the marked non‐stationarity and daily/weekly seasonality that characterize the traffic mix in a large public network. Several practical issues emerged during the study, including the need to handle incompleteness of the collected data, the difficulty in drilling down the cause of certain alarms, and the need for human assistance in resetting the algorithm after a persistent change in network configuration (e.g. a capacity upgrade). We report on our practical experience, highlighting the key lessons learned and the hands‐on experience gained from such an analysis. Finally, we propose a novel methodology based on semi‐synthetic traces for tuning and performance assessment of the proposed AD algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unsupervised host behavior classification from connection patterns
Authors: Dewaele Guillaume , Himura Yosuke , Borgnat Pierre , Fukuda Kensuke , Abry Patrice , Michel Olivier , Fontugne Romain , Cho Kenjiro , Esaki Hiroshi 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA novel host behavior classification approach is proposed as a preliminary step toward traffic classification and anomaly detection in network communication. Although many attempts described in the literature were devoted to flow or application classifications, these approaches are not always adaptable to the operational constraints of traffic monitoring (expected to work even without packet payload, without bidirectionality, on high‐speed networks or from flow reports only, etc.). Instead, the classification proposed here relies on the leading idea that traffic is relevantly analyzed in terms of host typical behaviors: typical connection patterns of both legitimate applications (data sharing, downloading, etc.) and anomalous (eventually aggressive) behaviors are obtained by profiling traffic at the host level using unsupervised statistical classification. Classification at the host level is not reducible to flow or application classification, and neither is the contrary: they are different operations which might have complementary roles in network management. The proposed host classification is based on a nine‐dimensional feature space evaluating host Internet connectivity, dispersion and exchanged traffic content. A minimum spanning tree (MST) clustering technique is developed that does not require any supervised learning step to produce a set of statistically established typical host behaviors. Not relying on a priori defined classes of known behaviors enables the procedure to discover new host behaviors, that potentially were never observed before. This procedure is applied to traffic collected over the entire year of 2008 on a transpacific (Japan/USA) link. A cross‐validation of this unsupervised classification against a classical port‐based inspection and a state‐of‐the‐art method provides assessment of the meaningfulness and the relevance of the obtained classes for host behaviors. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experiences of VoIP traffic monitoring in a commercial ISP
Authors: Birke Robert , Mellia Marco , Petracca Michele , Rossi Dario 
Published: September 2010

AbstractVoIP (Voice over IP) has widely been addressed as the technology that will change the telecommunication model, opening the path for convergence. Yet this revolution is far from being complete, since, as of today the majority of telephone calls are still originated by circuit‐oriented networks. In this paper we present our experience in the real‐time monitoring of VoIP calls from a commercial operational network. We discuss and present a methodology and a large dataset of measurements, collected from the FastWeb backbone, which is one of the first worldwide Telecom operators to offer VoIP and high‐speed data access to the end‐user. Traffic characterization focuses on several layers, concentrating on both end‐user and ISP perspectives. In particular, we highlight that, among loss, delay and jitter, only the first index may affect VoIP call quality. Overall, results show that the technology is mature enough to make the final step, allowing the integration of data and real‐time services over the Internet. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmakologie von NO und der Nitrate. Ein Autoabgas macht Karriere
Authors: Li Huige , Förstermann Ulrich 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNitrovasodilatatoren haben seit langem (und immer noch) einen signifikanten Stellenwert bei der Behandlung der koronaren Herzkrankheit. Sie werden zur Kupierung pectanginöser Anfälle (z.B. Glyceroltrinitrat) oder für die Intervallbehandlung der Angina pectoris (z.B. Pentaerythrityltetranitrat) eingesetzt. Nitroprussid‐Natrium findet kaum noch klinische Anwendung (etwa zur Steuerung einer kontrollierten Hypotension in der Chirurgie). Dank der selektiven Senkung des pulmonalarteriellen Drucks und der schnellen Verbesserung des Gasaustausches ist inhaliertes NO als Akutmaßnahme zur Behandlung schwerer akuter pulmonaler Hypertonie und/oder schwerer arterieller Hypoxämie geeignet (v.a. bei Kindern). Neuere Arneistoffentwicklungen finden sich in Form NO‐freisetzender Pharmaka mit anderem Hauptwirkmechanismus. Diese Entwicklung ist am weitesten fortgeschritten bei NO‐freisetzenden nicht‐steroidalen Antiphlogistika wie z.B. Naproxcinod. Bei ähnlicher Wirksamkeit wie Naproxen verursachte es tendenziell weniger unerwünschte gastrointestinale Wirkungen und hat nicht die blutdrucksteigernde Wirkung der Muttersubstanz.
Medizinische Chemie der Nitrate und PDE5‐Hemmer. Wie zwei Zufallsentdeckungen den Markt eroberten
Authors: Roegler Carolin , Lehmann Jochen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractSowohl organische Nitrate als auch Hemmstoffe der Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) sind vasodilatatorische Substanzen. Während die zunächst als Sprengstoffe konzipierten organischen Nitrate als Antianginosa hauptsächlich zur Behandlung der koronaren Herzkrankheit (KHK) genutzt werden, finden die ursprünglich zur Angina‐pectoris‐Therapie entwickelten PDE5‐Hemmer Anwendung als Therapeutika der erektilen Dysfunktion sowie der pulmonalen Hypertonie.
Therapie der koronaren Herzerkrankung mit NO‐Donatoren. Nach wie vor eine wichtige Option
Authors: Münzel Thomas , Schulz Eberhard 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNitrate stellen nach wie vor eine wichtige Therapiesäule der koronaren Herzerkrankung dar. Die gängigsten Präparate sind hierbei PETN, ISMN, ISDN und NTG. Neuere insbesondere vorklinische Untersuchungen haben geholfen zu verstehen, dass es sich bei der Gruppe von organischen Nitraten um eine heterogene Gruppe von Substanzen handelt, die zum Teil signifikant unterschiedliche Effekte auf die Expression von schädlichen bzw. protektiven Genen im Gefäßsystem besitzen.NTG wird primär zur Behandlung des akuten Angina‐pectoris‐Anfalls eingesetzt und im Rahmen eines akuten Koronarsyndroms, vor allem wenn gleichzeitig ein Bluthochdruck vorliegt, venös appliziert. ISMN und ISDN haben in der Therapie der stabilen AP deutlich an Bedeutung verloren, während PETN hierbei vermehrt eingesetzt wird.In Bezug auf die Toleranzentwicklung und Induktion einer endothelialen Dysfunktion scheinen diese Nebenwirkungen für ISMN, NTG und ISDN zu gelten, während sie bei einer PETN‐Therapie nicht oder allenfalls reduziert beobachtet wurden.Bei der Therapie der schweren Herzinsuffizienz stellt die Vasodilatantientherapie, bestehend aus ISDN und Hydralazin, eine gute Ergänzung zu der klassischen Herzinsuffizienz‐Therapie, bestehend aus Betablockern, Schleifendiuretika, Aldosteronantagonisten und ACE‐Hemmern bzw. Angiotensinrezeptorantagonisten, dar.
NO‐Donatoren bei der Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz. Größtes Problem: Toleranzentwicklung
Authors: Ukena Christian , Link Andreas , Böhm Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractNO‐Donatoren haben aufgrund ihrer hämodynamischen Wirkungen positive Effekte bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz. Zur Therapie der akuten Herzinsuffizienz sind Glyceroltrinitrat, Isosorbiddinitrat und Natrium‐Nitroprussid etabliert. Sie führen durch eine Reduktion der Vor‐ und Nachlast zu einer Stabilisierung des Patienten. Aufgrund der Toleranzentwicklung eignen sich NO‐Donatoren nur eingeschränkt zur Langzeittherapie. Bei der Behandlung der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz wird aktuell nur eine Kombinationstherapie aus Isosorbiddinitrat und Hydralazin in besonderen Situationen empfohlen. Das Nitrat Pentaerythrityltetranitrat nimmt aufgrund einer verminderten Toleranzentwicklung eine besondere Stellung ein. Die Wirkung dieses Medikaments bei Patienten mit chronischer Herzinsuffizienz und sekundärer pulmonaler Hypertonie wird aktuell in klinischen Studien untersucht.
Mechanismen und klinischer Stellenwert der Nitrattoleranz. Diversität und Nebenwirkungen organischer Nitrate
Authors: Daiber Andreas , Gori Tommaso , Münzel Thomas 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDie wichtigste Beobachtung der letzten Jahre war, dass es sich bei den organischen Nitraten überraschenderweise um eine heterogene Gruppe von Vasodilatantien handelt, denen gemeinsam ist, dass sie die lösliche GC und die cGMP‐abhängige Kinase aktivieren können. Alle klinisch wichtigen organischen Nitrate (GTN, ISDN und ISMN) außer dem PETN induzieren eine Toleranzentwicklung und eine endotheliale Dysfunktion bei chronischer Gabe. Aktuelle Arbeiten konnten insbesondere nach Gabe von GTN einen neuen Toleranz‐Mechanismen identifizieren, der aus der Hemmung des Nitrat‐bioaktivierenden Enzyms, der mitochondrialen Aldehyddehydrogenase (ALDH‐2) sowie die Bildung reaktiver Sauerstoff‐ und Stickstoffspezies (RONS) in Mitochondrien besteht, die wiederum die Bioaktivierung des GTN hemmen. Damit konnten erstmals die beiden nun schon klassischen Konzepte der Nitrattoleranz, erhöhter oxidativer Stress und verminderte GTN‐Biotransformation, in ein Konzept übergeführt werden. Aktuelle tierexperimentelle und humane Studien legen nahe, dass die organischen Nitrate nicht als einheitliche homogene Gruppe anzusehen sind, sondern eine beachtliche Diversität hinsichtlich Induktion der Gefäßdysfunktion und insbesondere in der Fähigkeit, oxidativen Stress in den Gefäßen zu induzieren, zeigen. In der Vergangenheit wurde versucht, die Nitratwirkung vor allem durch das so genannte “Nitrat‐freie Intervall” zu erhalten, mit dem Nachteil des Stopps einer wichtigen antiischämischen Therapie. Momentan stellt das PETN, insbesondere mit seiner Fähigkeit, antioxidativ wirksame Enzymsysteme hochzuregulieren, das Nitrat der Wahl dar. Die klinische Wirksamkeit muss jedoch erst in großen “Multicenter‐Trials” bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz und pulmonaler Hypertonie sowie bei Patienten mit stabiler KHK untersucht werden.
Therapie der Erektilen Dysfunktion. Stellenwert der PDE5‐Inhibitoren
Authors: Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred 
Published: September 2010

AbstractDas Panel on the Treatment of Organic Erectile Dysfunction der amerikanischen urologischen Gesellschaft (AUA) hat festgestellt, dass das Ziel einer zuverlässigen Therapie der Erektilen Dysfunktion mit möglichst minimalen Nebenwirkungen und einfacher Anwendung erreicht werden sollte. Im Vergleich mit allen übrigen Arzneistoffen zur Therapie der Erektilen Dysfunktion erfüllen PDE5‐Hemmer diese Anforderungen am besten. Deren Wirksamkeit ist unzweifelhaft belegt: Sie verbessern die Fähigkeit, bei sexueller Stimulation eine Erektion zu erreichen und aufrecht zu erhalten, die für einen Geschlechtsverkehr ausreicht. PDE5‐Hemmer sind demzufolge keine “Lifestyle‐Arzneimittel” und schon gar nicht Wundermittel zur Potenzsteigerung. Vielmehr handelt es sich bei den PDE5‐Inhibitoren um eine seriöse Arzneistoffklasse, die es Paaren ermöglicht, wieder in normaler Häufigkeit Geschlechtsverkehr zu haben. Die gute Wirksamkeit in Verbindung mit dem sehr guten Sicherheitsprofil – bei strenger Berücksichtigung der Kontraindikationen – machen PDE5‐Hemmer aus aktueller Sicht zur bedeutendsten Wirkstoffklasse zur oralen Therapie der Erektilen Dysfunktion.