bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedative Potential of Catha edulis Forsk: Exploring In Vivo Model, Gene Expression, Molecular Docking, and GABAergic Pathway Involvement
Authors: Alfaifi Hassan , Alzahrani Amal Hamdan , ABDELWAHAB Siddig Ibrahim , Taha Manal Mohamed Elhassan , Bidwai Anil 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Laboratory studies and traditional reports have linked Catha edulis (khat) to biopharmacological properties. This study aimed to assess the sedative effect of khat in mice and conduct computer-aided docking of GABAA receptors.
Methods
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis confirmed the presence of cathinone and cathine, the active alkaloids, in the hydroalcoholic khat extract. An acute oral toxicity test in mice was used to determine the pharmacological dosage of the sedation models. In vivo sedative activity was evaluated using the open field test and rotarod test for motor coordination, along with the assessment of iatrogenic tolerance and the potential mechanism of action on the GABAergic system. Bicuculline and diazepam were used as the GABAA antagonists and agonists, respectively. Quantitative realtime PCR was used to quantify the expression of GABAA mRNA from mice brain. Molecular docking using AutoDockR Version 4.2 was performed on the GABA receptor (subunit A).
Results
Khat extract significantly and dose-dependently reduced locomotor activity compared with the control group during the open field test. Administration of Khat extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, along with diazepam at 3 mg/kg, significantly decreased the latency time in the rotarod test. Pre-treatment with bicuculline (1 mg/kg) reversed the khat extract-induced decrease in locomotor activity (400 mg/kg) and modulate the level of GABAA receptor mRNA. No iatrogenic tolerance was observed within the ten-day period. The binding affinity of khat alkaloids to the GABA-A receptor was observed and compared to that of diazepam.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that khat may have anxiolytic effects mediated through the GABAergic system. Future recommendations include further mechanistic studies, clinical trials, safety assessments, and standardization efforts. Overall, this study provides insight into the sedative properties of khat and its potential as an anxiolytic treatment option.
Psychometric Properties of an Arabic Translation of the Claremont Purpose Scale (CPS) in adolescents
Authors: Noureddine Amir , Malaeb Diana , Sakr Fouad , Dabbous Mariam , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Souheil , Fekih-Romdhane Feten 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Purpose in life is recognized as a protective factor linked to an individual’s ability to thrive, supporting positive youth development and overall psychological well-being. The main goal of our study is to translate and validate the Claremont Purpose Scale (CPS) into the Arabic language, expanding its usefulness and contributing to a better global understanding of adolescent purpose in Arabic-speaking contexts.
Methods
Data for this cross-sectional study was collected via a Google Form link during November 2023. Lebanese adolescents aged between 14 and 18 years (N = 793, mean age of 16.08 ± 1.74 years, 62.4% females) were recruited using an online questionnaire and a snowball sampling technique.
Results
Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that fit of the three-factor model of CPS scores was satisfactory: χ2/df = 131.31/51 = 2.58, RMSEA = .045 (90% CI .035, .054), SRMR = .034, CFI = .976, TLI = .969. Internal reliability was excellent (ω = .87; α = .86). Measurement invariance across sex groups was established at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. No significant difference was found between males and females in terms of CPS scores (37.20 ± 7.93 vs 37.76 ± 7.92, t(791) = − .97, p = .334). The CPS total score was significantly associated with lower irritability (r = − .66; p < .001), higher wellbeing (r = .51; p < .001) and depression-happiness (r = .43; p < .001), thus attesting to the good concurrent validity.
Conclusion
Findings suggest that the Arabic version of the CPS is a reliable and valid tool with which to capture the sense of purpose among Arabic-speaking adolescents. Therefore, it has a great potential for future researchers and practitioners who would ought to work on ways of improving the psychological functioning of youth drawn from culturally diverse backgrounds.
Influence of Cu L-Histidinate Schiff base derivatives on structural features of irradiated rat’s DNA
Authors: Karapetyan Nelli H. , Haroutiunian Samvel G. , Ananyan Gayane V. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

A study of rats liver DNA damages under the influence of X-ray radiation at a dose of 6.5 Gy(LD60) was carried out. The radioprotective properties of newly synthesized Cu(II) L-Schiff Histidinate complexes were also studied. The survival of rats was determined over a 30-day period after exposure to X-rays without pretreatment and also after preadministration of Cu(II) L-Histidinate-Schiff base complexes. The structural defects of rat's liver DNA were detected at 3, 7, 14, and 30 days post-irradiationxtracted. The results obtained revealed that irradiation with a 6.5Gy dose in the control group degraded the characteristics of rat liver DNA in comparison to healthy DNA. On all investigated experimental days, a decrease in the melting temperature (Tm), a widening of the melting interval (ΔT), and a decrease in hypochromicity (Δh) were observed in the DNA samples of irradiated animals compared to the norm. The rat's pretreatment by Cu(II) L-Histidinate complexes 1 or 24 hours prior to irradiation improved DNA characteristics. Electrophoretic studies of DNA were in good agreement with the melting data. Based on the study results, it can be concluded that Cu(II) L-Histidinate complexes exhibit radioprotective properties under the studied conditions and can protect DNA from damage.
Moral Values in Medical AI: A Scoping Review
Authors: Victor Gavin , Barbu Andreea , Bélisle-Pipon Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

This article presents a scoping review of the relevant research discussing the ethics of medical artificial intelligence (AI). Relevant moral and human values can inform the design of ethical medical AI. The value sensitive design (VSD) framework offers a method by which to do this. But much conceptual work must be done in order to apply the VSD framework to medical AI. The goal of this review is to survey existing literature discussing moral and human values (such as responsibility, transparency, and respect for autonomy) in medical AI development. Ultimately, the objective of the review is to advance the VSD methodology for medical AI technologies, in which relevant moral values will inform technology design. Papers were considered eligible if they fulfilled three criteria: (1) provided a discussion of one or multiple moral, ethical, or human values (2) regarding AI or machine learning in a (3) medical, clinical, or health context. We conducted our search on five databases: OVID Embase, OVID Medline, IEEE, Web of Science, and Scopus. After performing our search, we screened title and abstract, then the full text of each paper for relevance using the Covidence platform. After the final sample was determined, we extracted relevant information by coding the papers using NVivo. We found nearly 100 moral values discussed regarding medical AI. In this search we were able to find not only which values are most discussed and how, but also specific, unique, and emerging moral values in the medical AI domain.
Oriented triphylite rods in apatite from an LCT pegmatite in the Stankuvatske Li-ore deposit, Ukraine: Implications for Li mobility
Authors: Kurylo Sergii , Broska Igor , Reto Gieré 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the first finding of oriented triphylite (LiFe2+PO4) rods in fluorapatite. This observation was made in the contact zone between a metamorphosed rare-element pegmatite and its amphibolite wall rock at the Stankuvatske Li-ore deposit in the Ukrainian Shield. This contact zone consists of an exocontact, in which hornblende was altered to biotite, and an endocontact, which comprises four parallel mineral zones (aplitic, apatite, triphylite, and transitional).
The needle-shaped triphylite inclusions were observed in greenish-blue apatite within the apatite zone. They are oriented parallel to structural nanochannels along the c-axis in apatite and were formed due to the infiltration of Li-rich, pegmatite-derived fluids into the apatite zone. Small amounts of pyrite, U-Th-rich and Fe-rich phases, as well as small mono-phase fluid inclusions of CO2, CO, and N2 are associated with the oriented triphylite inclusions and record the character of fluid.
The exo- and endocontacts were formed as a result of interaction between metasomatic fluids derived from the pegmatite (enriched in K, Na, Li, Rb, F, P, and Mn) with the host amphibolite. At the contact, the amphibolite was altered into the biotite zone during the first metasomatic stage; alteration of hornblende and plagioclase released Ca, Fe, and Mg toward the pegmatite, where these elements reacted with P, Li, and Mn to produce the apatite and triphylite zones during the second metasomatic stage. Acting like a geochemical barrier, the apatite zone in the endocontact inhibited the further escape of Li from the pegmatite, which now is a Li-ore deposit. The metasomatic processes observed in the Stankuvatske Li-ore deposit represent an example of apatite and triphylite formation at the contact between a pegmatite and a metabasite, which has metallogenetic implications.
Impact of institutional overlapping on water governance of Himalayan City, Nainital, India
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Pandey Anvita , Singh Vishal 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
This article investigates the current institutional arrangement concerning water governance in Nainital, India, located in the Western Himalayas. It assesses the availability of water resources, the functioning of the supply system, and sheds light on the role of institutions in managing water resources, supply, and distribution. Through qualitative methods (such as focus group discussions and key informant interviews with officials from water management institutions, citizens, etc.) supplemented by a literature review, the study reveals a complex network of institutions and stakeholders involved in water management. This complexity results in overlapping jurisdictions, leading to accountability gaps and various issues. The study identifies that in Nainital, existing institutions operate independently, impacting water governance in terms of water supply, resources, and environmental aspects. Considering the fragile biophysical environment of Nainital, the study also recommends integration of nature-centric approaches into institutional frameworks, which can be helpful in improving the resilience of water systems and promoting sustainable water governance.
Role of Quercetin in DNA Repair: Possible Target to Combat Drug Resistance in Diabetes
Authors: Hussain Yaseen , Abdullah  , Khan Fazlullah , Alam Waqas , Sardar Haseeba , Khan Muhammad Ajmal , Shen Xiaoyan , Khan Haroon 
Published: May 2024

:
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is referred to as hyperglycemia in either fasting or postprandial
phases. Oxidative stress, which is defined by an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) production, increased exposure to external stress, and an excessive amount of the cellular
defense system against them, results in cellular damage. Increased DNA damage is one of the
main causes of genomic instability, and genetic changes are an underlying factor in the emergence
of cancer. Through covalent connections with DNA and proteins, quercetin has been demonstrated
to offer protection against the creation of oxidative DNA damage. It has been found that
quercetin shields DNA from possible oxidative stress-related harm by reducing the production of
ROS. Therefore, Quercetin helps to lessen DNA damage and improve the ability of DNA repair
mechanisms. This review mainly focuses on the role of quercetin in repairing DNA damage and
compensating for drug resistance in diabetic patients. Data on the target topic was obtained from
major scientific databases, including SpringerLink, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Medline
Plus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Elsevier. In preclinical studies, quercetin guards against DNA
deterioration by regulating the degree of lipid peroxidation and enhancing the antioxidant defense
system. By reactivating antioxidant enzymes, decreasing ROS levels, and decreasing the levels of
8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, Quercetin protects DNA from oxidative damage. In clinical studies, it
was found that quercetin supplementation was related to increased antioxidant capacity and decreased
risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the experimental group as compared to the placebo
group. It is concluded that quercetin has a significant role in DNA repair in order to overcome
drug resistance in diabetes.
Impact of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk on the Quality of
Life of People Living with HIV
Authors: Pereira Ítalo Inácio , Muto Adrielly Katrine Tozetto Morais , Dias Regyane Ferreira Guimarães , de Menezes Filho Hélio Ranes , Fernandes Eduardo Vignoto , Gouvêa-e-Silva Luiz Fernando , Cardoso Ludimila Paula Vaz 
Published: May 2024

Background:
The time elapsed since HIV infection diagnosis (TdiagHIV) affects the
quality of life (QoL) and can get worse when chronic illnesses start.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular
risk (CVR) on the QoL of people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods:
Cross-sectional study, with 60 PLHIV followed at a Reference Center in the city of Jataí,
Goiás, Brazil. Data collection involved sociodemographic, clinical, CVR, MetS, and QoL information.
The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with the BioEstat
5.3 program adopting p0.05.

Results:
There was a predominance of men (61.7%), aged ≥38 years (53.3%), with a TdiagHIV of
97.88Añ85.65 months and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) of 80.13Añ69.37 months. The
worst domain of QoL was concern about confidentiality (40 points), and the best was medication
concerns (95 points). MetS predominated at 18.3% and a moderate CVR at 11.7%. MetS was positively
associated with age 38 years, the female sex, with the lowest score in QoL for general function,
and the highest for TdiagHIV and the use of ART (p0.05). A moderate CRV was positively
related to higher TdiagHIV and ART use, and low HDL-c, and the lowest score for QoL was
found for trust in a professional (p0.05).

Conclusion:
PLHIV who are older, have a higher TdiagHIV, and use ART are more likely to develop
MetS and moderate CVR. The presence of these diseases in PLHIV causes impairment in areas
of QoL.
Cefradine Schiff Bases and their Metal Salts as Potential Anti-infective Agents
Authors: Ali Mohsin , Abid Obaid-ur-Rahman , Rehman Wajid , Shahid Muhammad , Shumaila  , Khan Hifza 
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
A series of schiff bases(3-8) were synthesized by the reaction of cefradine with six different aldehydes/ketones.

Methods:
These Schiff bases (3-8) were treated with different bases/salts (NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Ba(OH)2, Ag(NO)3) to get their metal salts. The structures of the products were as-certained by spectroscopic data. The synthesized compounds were tested for biological activities against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive bacterium) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacterium).

Results:
In general, low activities in most of the synthesized compounds were observed.

Conclusion:
A general reduction in the activities of most of the synthesized compounds in com-parison to cefradine can be linked to the unavailability of the free amino group of cefradine by its involvement in the synthesis of imine derivatives.
Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Herpes Zoster Vaccination Among Chinese Adults: Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Xia Yiqi , Wang Ming , Hu Mingzheng , Wang Yanshang , Yuan Beibei , Zhu Dawei , He Ping 
Published: May 2024

Background
The incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) is rapidly increasing, causing both clinical and economic burdens in China. Very little is known about Chinese residents’ HZ vaccine preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for each vaccination attribute.

Objective
This study aims to elicit the preferences of Chinese urban adults (aged 25 years or older) regarding HZ vaccination programs and to calculate WTP for each vaccination attribute.

Methods
In this study, we interviewed 2864 residents in 9 cities in China. A discrete choice experiment was conducted to investigate the residents’ preferences for HZ vaccination and to predict the uptake rate for different vaccine scenarios. A mixed logit model was used to estimate the preferences and WTP for each attribute. Seven attributes with different levels were included in the experiment, and we divided the coefficients of other attributes by the coefficient of price to measure WTP.

Results
Vaccine effectiveness, protection duration, risk of side effects, place of origin, and cost were proven to influence Chinese adults’ preferences for HZ vaccination. The effectiveness of the HZ vaccine was the attribute that had the most predominant impact on residents’ preferences, followed by protection duration. The residents were willing to pay CN ¥974 (US $145) to increase the vaccine effectiveness from 45% to 90%, and they would barely pay to exchange the vaccination schedule from 2 doses to 1 dose. It is suggested that the expected uptake could be promoted the most (by 20.84%) with an increase in the protection rate from 45% to 90%.

Conclusions
Chinese urban adults made trade-offs between vaccine effectiveness, protection duration, place of origin, side effects, and cost of HZ vaccination. Vaccine effectiveness was the most important characteristic. The residents have the highest WTP (CN ¥974; US $145) for enhancing the effectiveness of vaccines. To maximize HZ vaccine uptake, health authorities should promote vaccine effectiveness.
Income Level and Population Aging Impact on Retirement Savings in OECD Countries
Authors: Witkowska Dorota , Kompa Krzysztof 
Published: May 2024

Increasing old-dependency ratio has essential impact on pension systems which must be reformed and adjusted to actual demographic situation. Applying linear regression, we look for relationships between retirement savings and levels of incomes and old-age dependency ratios in 36 selected OECD countries. Our findings show that the population aging affects pension assets acccumulation differently in developed and developing countries although pension assets are increasing in both groups of countries. Concurrently, the regression models let us divide OECD countries into three groups - Countries where the old-age dependency ratio affects per capita investment positively and statistically significant (26 countries), insignificantly (5 countries) and negatively and significant (5 countries).
The Impact of World War II on Accounting and Finance at the Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company in Century, Florida
Authors: White Barbara S. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company was created in the early 20th century, as two lumber giants pooled their expertise with local lumber resources to create a company and town. The combination was successful, even though the company had reduced operations prior to the start of World War II. The Archives at the University of West Florida contain many historical documents of the Alger-Sullivan Lumber Company, which provide great insight into the financial, accounting, and operational aspects of the company during its over 50 years of existence. Of particular interest are the years during the U.S. involvement in World War II, as the company faced many challenges and opportunities. The research question, “What impact did World War II have on the accounting and financial activities conducted at the company?” is addressed, with documentation to show a greater cost-consciousness, along with more detailed and refined financial reporting, developed during this period.
Valuation Specialists and Value Relevance of Fair Value Measurements: Evidence from International Banks
Authors: Bu Chen , Zhang Yuyu , Yao Daifei 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
This study examines the impact of engaging valuation specialists on the value relevance of Level 3 fair value measurements (FVMs) within the auditing process. Through an analysis of a sample of international commercial banks over the period from 2016 to 2019, this study reveals that both Level 1 and Level 2 FVMs are generally value relevant, regardless of the involvement of valuation specialists in the auditing process. However, the value relevance of Level 3 FVMs appears to be contingent upon the auditor’s utilization of valuation specialists during the audit of these measurements. The findings of this study indicate that, notwithstanding the concerns highlighted in prior research, investors tend to hold the conviction that valuation specialists can make a substantive and positive impact on the auditing process, thereby enhancing the value relevance of Level 3 FVMs.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G21; M41; M42.
The Impact of Voluntarily Filing Form 990 on Donations, Government Grants, and Total Contributions
Authors: Hsu Wei , McAllister Brian P. 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We examine whether voluntary IRS Form 990 filers attract higher donations, government grants, and total contributions. We define voluntary 990 filers as charities eligible to file a Form 990EZ but instead choose to file a more exhaustive 990. The 990 provides incremental financial information, including disclosures about functional expense classifications for administrative and fundraising, charity governing bodies and governance policies, and whether a charity has engaged in an audit. Our strongest evidence shows that total contributions are almost three times higher for charities that choose to voluntarily file a 990 instead of a 990EZ. We also provide limited evidence that voluntary 990 filers are positively associated both with donations and grants as compared to those mandated to file a 990. Our findings are consistent with signaling theory and show that disclosing additional information beyond what is required increases transparency and offers benefits to charities.
Data Availability: Data were collected from publicly available sources quoted in the text.
JEL Classifications: L31.
Wall Street and Product Quality: The Duality of Analysts
Authors: Li Yinghua , Lin Yupeng , Wang Xiaoqiao , Yang Shijie 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate the role of financial analysts in product quality failures. Relying on information about product recalls, we first show that analyst coverage on average reduces product quality, particularly when managers face greater short-term pressure from institutional investors. However, after identifying a subgroup of analysts who raise questions on product-related issues in earnings conference calls, we find that coverage by these “product analysts” enhances rather than compromises product quality. Firms with greater product analyst coverage are also more likely to retire low-quality products. Additional analysis demonstrates that product analysts help safeguard product quality by further probing into product-related matters and issuing more timely recommendation downgrades after firms announce product deficiencies.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: G24; G34; G38; L15.