bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Self‐Observation Study of Headache Symptoms in Children
Authors: Joffe Risha , Bakal Donald A. , Kaganov Judith 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe purpose of the present study was to examine symptom configurations experienced by children with problem headache and to determine whether headache symptoms in children can be analyzed along a continuum of severity. Forty‐seven children between the ages of 8 and 17 years monitored their headache activity on a daily basis for a 3‐week period. The self‐observation data indicated that children did not show a tendency to experience their headache symptoms in terms of distinct muscle contraction and migraine symptom clusters. On the contrary, both categories of symptoms were observed to increase in frequency with increasingly problematic headaches. The presence of both muscle contraction and migraine symptoms increased in a linear fashion with the number of daily headache hours reported by the children during the self‐observation period. The measure of headache hours also correlated significantly with the total number of head pain locations and symptoms reported by the children. A regression analysis revealed that the symptom of nausea with the addition of the symptoms of dull and aching pain, bilateral forehead pain, feelings of tightness and pressure, and light sensitivity accounted for 77% of the variance associated with the severity measure of headache hours. Further support for viewing headaches in children in terms of severity came from an analysis of the time of onset of headache activity characteristic of the different children in the sample. Children with more severe headache activity experienced their attacks at an earlier time of day than children with less severe headache activity. Overall, the self‐observation data provided additional support for the severity model and supported the utility of extending the model to the study of headache disorders in children.
Iris Adrenergic Sensitivity and Migraine in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Balottin U. , Arisi D. , Frigo G.M. , Lanzi G. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISA photographic pupillometric study has been carried out in 22 migrainous patients, aged between 5 and 17.The pupillary responses to phenylephrine and to fenfluramine in the migrainous patients did not significantly differ from the healthy subjects except at 8th hour during the fenfluramine test.The results are discussed with regard to the hypothesis of a functional deficiency of iris adrenergic innervation.
Flunarizine, a Calcium Channel Blocker, in the Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine
Authors: Diamond Seymour , Schenbaum Helane 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISDue to its multiple physiologic effects, including interference with vasoconstriction, protection against brain hypoxia, antihistaminic activity and serotonin antagonism, Flunarizine, a calcium channel blocker, is being considered as an agent for the prophylactic treatment of migraine. Twenty patients with classical or common migraine were treated for 2‐6 months with a single nighttime dose of 10 mg of Flunarizine after a 1‐3 month placebo stabilization period in a single blind crossover study. Seventeen patients experienced a statistically significant reduction in headache incidence and/or severity (average reduction 53.3%). No clinically significant changes in laboratory analysis, ECG, or physical examination occurred during the treatment period. Side effects included weight gain, dry mouth, fatigue, sleepiness, muscle aches, and paresthesias, and prompted discontinuation of Flunarizine in three patients. We conclude that Flunarizine may be an effective agent in migraine prophylaxis in certain patients. Its low incidence of generally mild side effects may make it preferable to many of the agents currently in use.
Absolute and Proportional Resting EMG Levels in Muscle Contraction and Migraine Headache Patients
Authors: van Boxtel A. , Goudswaard P. , Janssen K. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISIn this study, resting EMG levels were measured in the frontalis and temporalis muscle in patients suffering from muscle contraction headache, migraine, or mixed muscle contraction‐migraine headache. The EMG levels of these groups were never significantly higher than those of a control group of subjects without headaches. Significantly higher levels, however, were found in both muscles in the migraine and mixed headache groups if the resting EMG levels were expressed as a percentage of the EMG level during maximal contraction. There was a tendency for proportional EMG levels of both muscles in the muscle contraction headache group to be significantly elevated. Headache patients generally showed lower maximal EMG levels than control subjects. The significance of this finding is discussed in relation to the etiology of the headaches. It is concluded that proportional EMG levels are a better index of the state of contraction than absolute EMG levels and are preferable in investigations of headache.
HLA‐B14 Antigen in Cluster Headache
Authors: Martelletti P. , Romiti A. , Gallo M.F. , Giacovazzo M. , Adorno D. , Valeri M. , Piazza A. , Monaco P.I. , Casciani C.U. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISThe relationships of HLA‐antigens and Cluster Headache (C.H.) is described.60 subjects (39 males and 21 females aged between 15 and 75 years ‐ mean age 40.13 years) from Central Italy with Cluster Headache were examined. Three subgroups were identified, 29 Episodic Cluster Headache, 20 Hemicrania Cluster and 11 Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania. The 12 alleles of the Iocus‐A and the 16 alleles of the Iocus‐B were studied in the C.H. group and in 321 subjects, most of whom were blood donors, selected as a control group.Typing was carried out with the microlymphocyto‐toxicity technique used by N.I.H.Genetic frequency, relative risk (R.R.) and “linkage disequilibrium” calculation were evaluated statistically. The statistical significance was corrected taking into consideration the number of observations carried out. The X2 test was used.The data showed a decreased frequency of antigen HLA‐B14 (1.66% vs 11.53% r<0.05) and HLA‐Bw21 (5% vs 13.71%) in patients with C.H. compared to the group of controls. The R.R. was 0.19 and 0.33 respectively.
Delayed Onset Dystonia Following Hemiplegic Migraine
Authors: Obeso J.A. , Vila E. Martinez , Delgado G. , Vaamonde J. , Maravi E. , Lage J.M. Martinez 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSISA 22‐year‐old woman developed complete left hemiplegia and sensory loss during an attack of migraine. She recovered almost totally but two months later incoordination and twisting of the left limb was noticeable. Examination showed tremor of the left arm and dystonia of the hand and foot secondary to a small infarction of the right posterolateral thalamic nuclei. Late onset dystonia may be another sequela of complicated migraine.
Basilar Artery Migraine: a Follow‐up Study of 82 Cases
Authors: Sturzenegger M.H. , Meienberg O. 
Published: August 2010

SYNOPSIS82 adolescent or adult patients in whom the diagnosis of basilar artery migraine (BAM) had been made or suspected were reviewed. When rigorous criteria were used, the diagnosis could be confirmed in 49 patients (32 women and 17 men). Seven other patients probably had BAM, but did not totally fulfill the criteria. In 26 cases reevaluation did not confirm the diagnosis.In the 49 patients with definite BAM the age of onset ranged from 10 to 62 years, 65% of them having their first attack in the second or third decade. 40% had BAM attacks only, while 60% had additionally other types of migraine attacks. A typical pattern of attacks with an “ischemic” aura followed by predominantly occipital headache was found in only 57%. The most frequent “ischemic” symptom was bilateral visual impairment (86%). Symptoms and signs of brain stem dysfunction were vertigo (63%), gait ataxia (63%), bilateral paresthesia (61%), bilateral weakness (57%), and dysarthria (57%). 77% of the cases had disorders of consciousness (mainly syncope, confusion and prolonged amnesia). 4 patients (8%) had epileptic seizures during the migraine attacks. 73% had a family history of migraine and 12% of epilepsy. EEG's were always abnormal during the attacks with predominantly localized or generalized mostly paroxysmal slow wave activity. CT scans were normal except for 2 women with repeated BAM attacks, who were smokers and taking contraceptive drugs, and who during an attack experienced a cerebellar and an occipital lobe infarction respectively. Of the 26 patients in whom the diagnosis of BAM could not be confirmed 13 had other types of migraine, while the remaining cases had temporal lobe epilepsy, intermittent vertebral basilar artery insufficiency, orthostatic hypotension or hysterical attacks.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Subcutaneous Sumatriptan for Acute Migraine: A Comparison Between Ethnic Groups
Authors: Burke‐Ramirez P. , Asgharnejad M. , Webster C. , Davis R. , Laurenza A. 
Published: August 2010

Objective.—To evaluate efficacy and tolerability of subcutaneous sumatriptan 6 mg versus placebo for acute migraine between ethnic groups.Background.—Patients in previous sumatriptan studies have been predominantly Caucasian and the effects of sumatriptan between different ethnic groups are unknown.Methods.—This was a multicenter, 3‐phase, 12‐attack study. Phases I and III (inclinic) were randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover designs. Phase II (outpatient) was a single‐blind design. Sumatriptan was compared to placebo across 2 groups (non‐Caucasian and Caucasian) and individual ethnic subgroups (black, Hispanic, and others). Headache response, pain‐free response, associated symptoms, and clinical disability were assessed. Tolerability assessments included the incidence of adverse events, physical examinations, vital signs, electrocardiograms, and clinical laboratory data.Results.—Two hundred patients treated at least one migraine attack (150 non‐Caucasians: 46 blacks, 68 Hispanics, 36 others). Two hours postdose, significantly more inclinic sumatriptan‐treated patients reported headache response (non‐Caucasians, 81% versus 37% placebo; Caucasians, 87% versus 19% placebo; P<.001) and mild or no clinical disability, compared with placebo (non‐Caucasians, 87% versus 50% placebo; Caucasians, 90% versus 38% placebo; P<.001). Blacks (80%), Hispanics (83%), and others (74%) reported similar patterns of headache response at 2 hours. Similar results were reported during the outpatient phase. The incidence of adverse events following sumatriptan during the inclinic phase was similar between ethnic groups (non‐Caucasian, 75%; Caucasian, 79%) and higher than placebo (non‐Caucasian, 51%; Caucasian, 31%). Overall, adverse events in the outpatient phase of the study were lower than in the inclinic phase.Conclusion.—Sumatriptan injection is effective and well tolerated in non‐Caucasians and Caucasians for the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Only minor differences in efficacy or tolerability were observed between blacks, Hispanics, and others.
Evolution of Migraine After a 10‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Nachit‐Ouinekh Fatima , Dartigues Jean‐François , Chrysostome Virginie , Henry Patrick , Sourgen Christophe , El Hasnaoui Abdelkader 
Published: August 2010

Objective.—To assess the evolution of headaches in a workplace cohort over a 10‐year period.Background.—Migraine headaches are associated with significant handicap in everyday activities and poor quality of life. The prevalence of migraine shows a bell‐shaped age distribution with a peak during the third and fourth decades. However, there is little longitudinal data available on the natural history of this condition. A prospective health survey undertaken in a large workplace cohort since 1989 provides an opportunity to assess the evolution of migraine and other headache syndromes over a 10‐year period.Methods.—A sample of 2500 subjects who reported regular headaches was chosen at random from those with headache identified in a cohort of 46,244 employees of the French national power company aged between 35 and 50 years in 1989 participating in a yearly health survey. In 1993, all subjects were sent a headache questionnaire to complete and return. In 2003, an identical questionnaire was sent to all subjects who had returned exploitable data in 1993. Headache diagnosis was assigned retrospectively using the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria to migraine (IHS categories 1.1 and 1.2), migrainous disorder (IHS category 1.7), or other episodic headaches.Results.—Of 2500 subjects sampled, 2051 (82%) returned exploitable data for the first questionnaire in 1993. In 2003, 1250 (61%) of these provided a second data set. In 1993, 623 (30.4%) of subjects fulfilled diagnostic criteria for migraine. However, only 37% of these retained the diagnosis 10 years later. In contrast, the proportion of subjects with other forms of episodic headache rose from 23.7% to 31.6%. In 2003, 9.5% of the sample were headache‐free. Retention or acquisition of a diagnosis of migraine was more common in women than in men, and age was associated with evolution to a less severe headache syndrome. In those subjects who continued to have headaches, frequency and severity were lower at the second assessment.Conclusions.—Only a minority of subjects diagnosed with migraine or migrainous disorder retain the diagnosis 10 years later, with most subjects evolving to a less disabling headache type.
Outcome of a Multidisciplinary Approach to Pediatric Migraine at 1, 2, and 5 years
Authors: Kabbouche Marielle A. , Powers Scott W. , Vockell Anna‐Liisa B. , LeCates Susan L. , Ellinor Priscilla L. , Segers Ann , Manning Paula , Burdine Danny , Hershey Andrew D. 
Published: August 2010

Objective.—To assess the long‐term effectiveness and outcome of multidisciplinary treatment of childhood headaches 1, 2, and 5 years after initial treatment.Background.—Headaches are a common problem for children and adolescents and for many patients continue into adulthood. Outcome research for pediatric migraine headaches is limited, thus restricting knowledge of the effectiveness of long‐term management and outcome.Methods.—Headache characteristics were assessed at the initial visit and were reevaluated 1, 2, and 5 years later in independent sub‐groups of consecutive patients. These characteristics included headache frequency, severity, average duration, school absences, and overall perceived response to treatment.Results.—At 1 year, 96 patients were evaluated (mean age = 11.0 ± 3.4, 59% females), 69 patients at 2 years (mean age = 10.6 ± 3.4, 48% females), and 32 at 5 years (mean age = 10.5 ± 3.9, 66% females). The headaches were reported as better in 94% at 1 year, 85% at 2 years, and 94% at 5 years. The initial frequency was at 13.4 ± 10.8 headaches per month, 4.9 ± 7.0 at 1 year (P < .001), 4.7 ± 7.6 at 2 years (P < .001), and 4.5 ± 7.5 at 5 years (P < .001). The severity decreased from 6.8 ± 1.8 to 5.1 ± 2.3 at 1 year (P < .001), to 5.0 ± 2.4 at 2 years (P < .001), and to 4.6 ± 2.5 at 5 years (P < .01). The school days missed per month showed a marked decrease from 4.5 ± 9.5 at initial visit to 1.55 ± 2.8 at 5 years (P < .001). Patients that were only seen at their initial visit and did not choose to return for follow‐up had less frequent and shorter duration headaches on initial visit when compared with the rest of the sample and continued to be doing well at the 1‐, 2‐, and 5‐year assessments.Conclusions.—Multidisciplinary treatment was found to be effective for children and adolescents with improvement of multiple outcome variants of pediatric migraine care, including frequency, severity, and school days missed. Patients who did not return to follow‐up evaluation were more likely to have less frequent and shorter duration headaches at initial presentation. Regular follow‐up care is needed for those children with more severe initial headache presentation.
Psychiatric Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and their Parents
Authors: Tarbell Sally , Li B U.K. 
Published: August 2010

Objective.—To conduct a pilot study to evaluate the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents with cyclic vomiting syndrome and to assess family history of psychiatric disorder.Background.—Little is known about psychiatric comorbidity in youth with cyclic vomiting syndrome, a periodic syndrome.Methods.—Eighty‐five parents, of children aged 3‐18 years with cyclic vomiting syndrome confirmed in a multidisciplinary clinic, completed the age‐appropriate Children's Symptom Inventory, a questionnaire that screens for psychiatric symptoms in pediatric patients. Twenty‐one adolescents aged 13‐18 years completed the Youth's Report, a self‐report form of this questionnaire. Sixty‐two parents completed a family psychiatric history checklist.Results.—These children and their parents evidenced a high prevalence of anxiety and mood symptoms compared to norms of the Children's Symptom Inventory and population norms for internalizing psychiatric disorders. On the age‐appropriate Children's Symptom Inventory, 47% of subjects (40/85) met diagnostic cut‐off for an anxiety disorder, and 14% (12/85) for an affective disorder. Discrepancies were found in parent and adolescent reports for symptoms of panic disorder (chi‐square = 4.83, df = 1,P = .028), posttraumatic stress disorder (chi‐square = 6.87, df = 1,P = .009), and somatization disorder (chi‐square = 6.41, df = 1,P = .01), with parents reporting significantly more symptoms than the adolescents. Internalizing disorders were also prevalent in the parents with 59% (36/62) endorsing either an anxiety and/or an affective disorder. Mothers reported a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety disorders (35%) than did fathers (13%) (chi‐square = 8.43, df = 1,P < .004).Conclusion.—Children and adolescents with cyclic vomiting syndrome appear to be at increased risk for internalizing psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety disorders. Further research using standardized psychiatric interviews and a control group are indicated to further assess psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with cyclic vomiting syndrome.
Quantitative Assessment of Neuronal Damage in a Transgenic Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Mervis Ronald F. , McKeon Jody , Pindell Timothy , Campbell Deborah , Lieberburg Ivan , Schenk Dale , Kahn Karen , Games Dora 
Published: August 2010

Summary:Our findings are in general agreement with previous studies of hippocampal dendritic atrophy in AD brains. Moreover, since these hippocampal neurons receive afferent innervation from the entorhinal cortex and this latter region is widely damaged in AD, our results suggest that amyloid deposition and partial deafferentiation of enorhinal input may both contribute to hippocampal damage with concomitant disruption of brain circuitry. These findings support the use of these PD‐APP mice which overexpress amyloid as an animal model of AD. It also serves as validation to the efficacy and sensitivity of quantitative Golgi studies for assessing the extent of neuronal damage and, subsequently, for testing the efficacy of various treatment strategies.(This study was supported by Elan Pharmaceuticals)
SB‐258741: A 5‐HT7Receptor Antagonist of Potential Clinical Interest
Authors: Pouzet Bruno 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTRecently, series of 5‐HT7receptor antagonists have been developed (24,29,36,68). Among them SB‐258741, R‐(+)‐1‐(toluene‐3‐sulfonyl)‐2‐[2‐(4‐methylpiperidin‐1‐yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine, (compound “13” in 36,37) was one of the most potent and specific compounds. Due to a lack of specific ligands the pharmacology of 5‐HT7receptor antagonists is still relatively unexplored. It has been suggested, however, that 5‐HT7receptor ligands could be useful in the therapy of various disorders such as sleep disorders, schizophrenia, depression, migraine, epilepsy, pain, or memory impairment. Many of these conceivable indications are not supported by pharmacological data. It is, therefore, of particular interest to review the data generated from studies of one of these most potent and specific 5‐HT7receptor antagonists, SB‐258741, with a goal of testing the validity of the proposed clinical indications. In this review, the author describes pharmacology of this compound in order to define its potential clinical use. The available safety pharmacology data are discussed in an attempt to predict potential side effects of specific 5‐HT7receptor antagonists.
Almotriptan, a New Anti‐Migraine Agent: A Review
Authors: Gras Jordi , Llenas Jesús , Jansat Josep M. , Jáuregui José , Cabarrocas Xavier , Palacios José M. 
Published: August 2010

ABSTRACTAlmotriptan is a new anti‐migraine agent with nanomolar affinity for human 5‐HT1B, 5‐HT1D, and 5‐HT1Freceptors, weak affinity for 5‐HT1Aand 5‐HT7receptors and no significant affinity for more than 20 other pharmacological receptors. Almotriptan was effective in animal models predictive of anti‐migraine activity in humans and had a good safety profile in animal studies. From the toxicological point of view, almotriptan has a profile similar to that of other marketed triptans. In animal studies, at levels substantially higher than required for therapeutic activity in humans, almotriptan was devoid of any oncogenic, genotoxic or teratogenic effects.Almotriptan is well absorbed orally; its absolute bioavailability in humans is 70%. Its peak plasma levels are reached at 1 to 3 h after its administration; its elimination half‐life is 3 to 4 h. Almotriptan is metabolized by monoamine oxidase‐mediated oxidative deamination and cytochrome P450‐mediated oxidation as the major metabolic route and by flavin monooxygenase as the minor route. No dose adjustment is required for gender or age, and only in the case of severe renal impairment the dose should not exceed 12.5 mg over a 24‐h period. There was no significant interaction between a single dose of almotriptan and propranolol, fluoxetine or verapamil, at multiple doses.The efficacy of almotriptan in the treatment of acute migraine was demonstrated in clinical trials on more than 3000 patients with migraine. At two h after oral administration of almotriptan, 12.5 mg, the percentages of patients showing pain relief and a pain‐free score were 64 and 36%, respectively. The effects of almotriptan were significantly better than those of placebo. When almotriptan was administered in the early phase of migraine, the percentage of pain‐free patients at 2 h rose to 84%. In a phase III, double‐blind and placebo‐controlled study, the incidence of adverse events with almotriptan was not statistically different from that of placebo. Based on the available data, it appears that almotriptan is the triptan of choice when good efficacy and high tolerability are desired.