bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in aged astrocytes impairs cholesterol delivery to neurons and can be rescued by cannabinoids
Authors: Allende Leandro G. , Natalí Lautaro , Cragnolini Andrea B. , Bollo Mariana , Musri Melina M. , de Mendoza Diego , Martín Mauricio G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCholesterol is crucial for the proper functioning of eukaryotic cells, especially neurons, which rely on cholesterol to maintain their complex structure and facilitate synaptic transmission. However, brain cells are isolated from peripheral cholesterol by the blood–brain barrier and mature neurons primarily uptake the cholesterol synthesized by astrocytes for proper function. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aging on cholesterol trafficking in astrocytes and its delivery to neurons. We found that aged astrocytes accumulated high levels of cholesterol in the lysosomal compartment, and this cholesterol buildup can be attributed to the simultaneous occurrence of two events: decreased levels of the ABCA1 transporter, which impairs ApoE‐cholesterol export from astrocytes, and reduced expression of NPC1, which hinders cholesterol release from lysosomes. We show that these two events are accompanied by increased microR‐33 in aged astrocytes, which targets ABCA1 and NPC1. In addition, we demonstrate that the microR‐33 increase is triggered by oxidative stress, one of the hallmarks of aging. By coculture experiments, we show that cholesterol accumulation in astrocytes impairs the cholesterol delivery from astrocytes to neurons. Remarkably, we found that this altered transport of cholesterol could be alleviated through treatment with endocannabinoids as well as cannabidiol or CBD. Finally, according to data demonstrating that aged astrocytes develop an A1 phenotype, we found that cholesterol buildup is also observed in reactive C3+ astrocytes. Given that reduced neuronal cholesterol affects synaptic plasticity, the ability of cannabinoids to restore cholesterol transport from aged astrocytes to neurons holds significant implications in aging and inflammation.
Soluble levels of 4‐1BB (CD137) and OX40 (CD134) are associated with cancer progression in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lima Cecilia Araújo Carneiro , Martins Mário Rino , dos Santos Rogerio Luiz , da Silva Luciana Mata , Da Silva Jeronimo Paulo Assis , Forones Nora Manoukian , Torres Leuridan Cavalcante 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPrevious studies have demonstrated that soluble forms of T‐cell costimulatory molecules 4‐1BB (s4‐1BB) and OX40 (sOX40) interact with immune cells and may constitute a mechanism of immune evasion by tumors in various cancers. The role of the soluble forms of 4‐1BB and OX40 in GC remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between serum levels of s4‐1BB and sOX40 and tumor progression in patients with GC.MethodsBetween 2017 and 2018, a cross‐sectional study was performed with serum samples of 83 GC patients and 20 healthy controls.ResultsPatients with stage IV metastatic gastric cancer had significantly higher levels of soluble OX40 in comparison with stage III patients with lymph nodes metastasis (p = 0.0003) and stages I and II patients (p = 0.005), whereas the opposite was found for soluble 4‐1BB levels, with lower levels being found in advanced stage III (p = 0.003) compared with initial stages I/II.ConclusionsThe sOX40 and s4‐1BB‐mediated T cell interactions may be involved in antitumor immune responses in GC, possibly favoring tumor escape and progression. Serum levels of sOX40 and s4‐1BB are associated with staging in GC and may constitute biomarkers for prognosis, as well as potential targets for immunotherapy.
Short‐term changes in serum miRNA levels and patient‐reported clinical outcomes in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Huang Yu‐Fang , Bhandage Amol K. , Adeström Lisa Diaz‐Pintado , Punga Anna Rostedt 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) miR‐150‐5p, miR‐30e‐5p, and miR‐21‐5p have been suggested as potential biomarkers for myasthenia gravis (MG); however, the relationships between short‐term natural changes of the miRNAs and patient‐reported MG outcome scores have not been well‐studied. We assessed the short‐term fluctuations in miRNA levels and patient‐reported outcome measures in MG.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 39 MG patients with regular follow‐ups and unchanged medications at the Neurology outpatient clinic at Uppsala University Hospital. Patients had weekly follow‐up visits for 1 month, at which blood samples were drawn, and scores from MG activities of daily living (MG‐ADL), MG quality‐of‐life‐15 (MG‐QoL15), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were assessed. Serum levels of miRNA miR‐150‐5p, miR‐30e‐5p, and miR‐21‐5p were analyzed using quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsIntra‐individual levels of miR‐30e‐5p and miR‐150‐5p were stable, whereas a significant reduction in miR‐21‐5p was observed from week 1 to week 2 (p = .0024) and from week 2 to week 3 (p < .0001). There were intra‐individual differences over a short time in MG‐ADL, with higher scores in female patients (p = .0281) and a significant reduction from the first to the second weeks (p = .0281), whereas MG‐QoL15 and FSS scores were stable.DiscussionThe suggested MG biomarkers miR‐30e‐5p and miR‐150‐5p were more stable than miR‐21‐5p over a short time, indicating their short‐term stability as biomarkers. Prospective multi‐center studies with longer periods of follow‐up and matched controls are needed to validate these miRNAs as biomarkers in MG.
Nutritional considerations with antiobesity medications
Authors: Almandoz Jaime P. , Wadden Thomas A. , Tewksbury Colleen , Apovian Caroline M. , Fitch Angela , Ard Jamy D. , Li Zhaoping , Richards Jesse , Butsch W. Scott , Jouravskaya Irina , Vanderman Kadie S. , Neff Lisa M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe improved efficacy and generally favorable safety profile of recently approved and emerging antiobesity medications (AOMs), which result in an average weight reduction of ≥15%, represent significant advancement in the treatment of obesity. This narrative review aims to provide practical evidence‐based recommendations for nutritional assessment, management, and monitoring of patients treated with AOMs. Prior to treatment, clinicians can identify preexisting nutritional risk factors and counsel their patients on recommended intakes of protein, dietary fiber, micronutrients, and fluids. During treatment with AOMs, ongoing monitoring can facilitate early recognition and management of gastrointestinal symptoms or inadequate nutrient or fluid intake. Attention should also be paid to other factors that can impact response to treatment and quality of life, such as physical activity and social and emotional health. In the context of treatment with AOMs, clinicians can play an active role in supporting their patients with obesity to improve their health and well‐being and promote optimal nutritional and medical outcomes.
Analysis of impact response and damage evolution in multi‐scale of novel 3D carbon fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone composites
Authors: Yang Xiaori , Zheng Liangang , Zhuge Xiaojie , Liu Yang , Zhang Kun , Xu Fujun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThermoplastic composites have a high application demand in aerospace, marine military and other cutting‐edge industry. However, it poses a considerable obstacle in achieving three‐dimensional (3D) thermoplastic composites because of the inadequate infiltration of highly viscous thermoplastic resins. In this paper, high‐toughness Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin‐based 3D orthogonal carbon fiber thermoplastic composites were designed and obtained. Low‐velocity impact test was conducted on 3D orthogonal woven composite (3DOWC) under the energy levels of 5 and 10 J, and its performance was compared with that of the 2D unidirectional layup composite (2DULC) and the 2D plain layup composite (2DPLC). The results showed that 3DOWC possessed superior elastic energy absorption capacity and less damage morphology compared to 2D composites. 3DOWC had the highest contact force value of 2420.25 N at 10 J, which is 36.83% higher than that of 2DPLC. Furthermore, a finite element model in multi‐scale was established to investigate the damage evolution and failure mechanism of the 3D orthogonal woven CF/PEEK composites. The damage morphology observed in both experimental and numerical findings demonstrated that the matrix shedding, while the yarn fractured on the nonimpact side beneath the impact point. Additionally, enhancing the tensile strength of the yarn in the bottom layer can lead to further improvement in impact resistance. This work provides an innovative method for manufacturing 3D thermoplastic composites and lays the foundation for the impact simulation analysis of such composites.Highlights
A novel approach was introduced for fabricating 3D carbon fiber/PEEK composites, which exhibits remarkable resistance to impact.
A comprehensive investigation was conducted to evaluate the impact properties of 3D thermoplastic composite compared to 2D composite.
A finite element model in multi‐scale including failure criteria was established to simulate the damage evolution.
Experimental and theoretical investigations on Magnetostrictive stresses of PDMS based magnetorheological elastomer films
Authors: Zhang Qiushu , Chen Guoqing , Xu Jintao , Wen Pan , Peng Bei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates experimental and theoretical research of the magnetostrictive stresses of the magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) films comprised of PDMS and Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The MRE films possessing three types of microstructures were formed via imposing an external magnetic field or under no magnetic field during the film preparation, whose nanoparticle weight fractions were in the range of 1–40 wt%. The measurement of the film magnetostrictive stresses was carried out by employing the FLX 2320‐S thin film stress measurement system with a special structure used for applying a homogeneous magnetic field to the samples in the process of testing. The experimental data show that the film magnetostrictive stresses are greatly dependent on the nanoparticle concentration and the film microstructure. The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were performed to obtain a good understanding of the mechanism and the important influencing factors of the film magnetostrictive stresses. For the isotropic specimens, the calculated values of the film magnetostrictive stresses are in good agreement with the measured values. The research results reported in this work could facilitate the applications of MREs to the micro/nano technology field such as MEMS, small‐scale soft robotics, and so on.Highlights
Magnetostrictive stresses of MRE films can be experimentally obtained.
Magnetostrictive stress results from magneto‐mechanical coupling.
Particle content has an effect on film magnetostrictive stress.
Orientation of particle clusters influences film magnetostrictive stress.
Size and number of particle clusters affect film magnetostrictive stress.
High‐efficiency modification of PET by the low addition of a self‐assembled functional nanocellulose film prepared from waste paper
Authors: Lei Wanqing , Hou Jingyu , Fang Changqing , Qin Jianqin , Zhou Xing , Li Lu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a conventional packaging material. Its modification has attracted immense attention in the industry and academia. Here, office waste paper, white cardboard waste, and waste corrugated paper were first employed as raw materials for cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) extraction by acid hydrolysis. Thereafter, CNC/PET composite films with various CNC additions were prepared via a self‐assembly technique. The results revealed that the CNCs formed a self‐assembled film on the PET surface via the synergistic effect of the complex interactions among the CNCs as well as between the CNCs and PET. Moreover, the CNCs improved the barrier property of PET and decreased the oxygen and water vapor transmittances of CNC/PET by 30.7% and 21.7%, respectively. Additionally, the coating of the PET surface with 0.2 wt.% CNCs extracted from the waste paper decreased the surface wettability of PET, exhibiting application potentials in the hydrophobic modification of polymers. This study realized waste paper recycling and provided a basis for constructing self‐assembled functional films on PET surfaces. The findings and insights of this study could exhibit application potentials in the fields of waste recycling and packaging materials.Highlights
A functional cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) film is prepared from waste paper.
Self‐assembled CNC is coated on a PET surface to form a CNC/PET composite film.
The synergistic interactions among CNCs and between CNC and PET modified PET.
The low addition of CNCs realized the efficiency modification of PET.
The study achieves waste paper recycling and high‐value utilization.
Impact response of hybrid composites under varying environmental conditions: A comparative study
Authors: Gunoz Alper , Kur Mert , Kara Memduh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractComposite materials are widely preferred in the aviation, automotive, construction and maritime industries due to their many superior properties. As a result of this widespread use, composite structures are inevitably subjected to various environmental conditions. Various environmental conditions may negatively affect the mechanical performance of the structure, and the structure may become unable to maintain its initial mechanical properties, especially in the face of critical loading, such as low‐velocity impacts. This research investigated the influence of various environmental conditions on the low‐velocity impact strength of composite materials. 12‐layer plate samples with epoxy matrix reinforced with woven glass fabric (GF), woven carbon fabric (CF), and hybrid fabric (HF), where the two fabrics are used together, were produced. Low‐velocity impact tests were conducted to these specimens at 20 and 40 J energy levels. Damages occurring in the material as a result of the low‐velocity impact test were interpreted using high‐resolution camera and optical microscope images. Force‐time and force‐ displacement curves were drawn and interpreted. It was concluded that as the impact energy values increased, the maximum force and displacement values also increased.Highlights
The influence of various environmental conditions to which composite materials may be exposed on the dynamic response of the structure has been investigated.
Various environmental conditions significantly affected the composite structure's impact behavior.
While glass fabric (GF) composite samples were more affected by the seawater environment, carbon fabric (CF) composite samples were more affected by the HCl environment.
Hybrid (HF) composite samples were affected by seawater and HCl in approximately equal amounts.
Clinical characteristics of 27 children with febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome in a single center
Authors: Wang Juan , Liu Yongfang , Xie Lingling , Cheng Min , Feng Lianying , Liu Yuhang , Guo Yi , Jiang Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo investigate the clinical characteristics of febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). We used trajectory analysis and logistic regression analysis to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors respectively. Twenty‐seven patients (16 males) were included. The median age of onset was 7 (IQR: 4–9) years. Routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was normal. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed frequent microseizures and electroseizures in all patients. Eight patients had claustrum signs in the acute phase. Anesthetics and anti‐seizure medications (ASM) were used in all patients. All patients received immunotherapy, including plasma exchange (n = 4), immunoglobulin (n = 26), and corticosteroids (n = 19). Trajectory diagrams of seizure showed 6 patients had bimodal disease course. Besides, we found there may be a linear relationship between body temperature and convulsion frequency (R2 = 0.25). The median Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) was 3 (IQR: 1–4). Nine deaths occurred, including abandonment of treatment (n = 3), hemodynamic instability (n = 3), brain hernia (n = 2), and brain hernia with hemodynamic instability (n = 1). Seizure onset combined with fever (p = 0.003), periodic discharge (p = 0.002), and non‐ketogenic diet (non‐KD) (p = 0.005) were independent risk factors for death. The KD group (n = 10) had lower mortality (p = 0.009), lower convulsion frequency at latest follow‐up (p < 0.001), less ASM (p = 0.002), and higher GOS (p < 0.001) than non‐KD group (n = 17). Therefore, some FIRES patients may have bimodal disease course. There may be a linear relationship between body temperature and convulsion frequency. Seizure onset combined with fever, periodic discharge and KD may affect the prognosis.
Bootstrap Reduced Major Axis (BRMA) to optimize the satellite‐derived discharge rating curves
Authors: Rai Atul Kumar , Kumar Vikas , Patel Sharad , Beg Zafar , Gaurav Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe estimate river discharge by utilizing limited in‐situ and multi‐satellite data through Bootstrap Reduced Major Axis (BRMA) optimization method (). We establish the BRMA by analyzing the functional relationships (H, W, H.W vs. Q) at four distinct locations along the Ganga (Shahzadpur and Azmabad) and the Narmada (Hoshangabad and Mandleshwer) rivers. To measure the channel width (W) we have used the Landsat 5, 7, and 8 images (2006–2019). We use the water level (H) data from satellite altimeter (Jason 2, Jason 3, Envisat, and Sentinel 3A). We have used BRMA to establish functional relationships between channel width (W), water level (H), and H.W to their corresponding discharge at each gauge stations in the study reach. Efficacy of the proposed approach is evaluated through a comparative analysis with the traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method. We observed that the BRMA exhibits better performance as compared to the best fit curve obtained by using the OLS regression. We noticed that the functional relationship between the WH‐Q outperforms as compared to the other empirical curves at the both gauge stations of the Ganga River. The accuracy estimates of the Ganga River is in a range of (0.76–0.95), (1–23) and (0.25–0.44). In the Narmada River, the functional relationship between H‐Q outperforms. The accuracy of discharge at both the gauge stations of the Narmada River are found to be in a range (0.76–0.95), (1–23), to (0.25–0.44). This study is a step towards estimating discharge from satellites data.
Vesicles Formed by Transition Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Morphology and Applications
Authors: Kanti Mandal Subhra , Seth Piya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVesicles are one of the most important self‐assembled manifestations because of their multidimensional applications in biology, catalysis and adsorption. Several synthetic vesicles have been prepared from small peptides, amphiphilic fatty acids, amino acids and organic molecules etc. Transition metal complexes derived from different types of ligands are found to be self assembled to form solid state networks and also supramolecular aggregates in solution. In this review article we have discussed about synthesis, morphology and utility of vesicles formed by 14 transition metal complexes of some amphiphilic and non‐amphiphilic ligands. Interestingly, vesicles derived from transition metal complexes with non‐amphiphilic ligands are mostly soluble in organic solvents, whereas those derived from amphiphilic ligands are soluble in aqueous medium. As a result, their potential applications can be explored in complementary solvents accordingly.
About the nomenclature of the complicated ruderal species Rumex pulcher s.l. (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Iberite Mauro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRumex pulcher is a species native to central and southern Europe, the Mediterranean area, and western Asia, growing mainly in ruderal habitats. It is a highly variable species, with six subspecies currently recognized (i.e., R. pulcher subsp. anodonta, subsp. cassius, subsp. pulcher, subsp. raulinii, subsp. suffocatus, and subsp. woodsii). In addition, there are the Linnaean R. divaricatus and Lojacono‐Pojero's R. usticanus, both of which are often considered heterotypic synonyms of R. pulcher, and several varieties and forms described by C. Haussknecht, which are synonymized with some accepted subspecies of R. pulcher. With the exception of R. suffocatus (basionym of R. pulcher subsp. suffocatus) and R. pulcher f. anodonta (basionym of R. pulcher subsp. anodonta), the names are still untypified and are examined and lectotypified here on specimens deposited at G, JE, PAL, and RO, whereas an illustration by Tilli is designated as the lectotype of the Linnaean R. divaricatus. Rumex usticanus is considered a synonym (syn. nov.) of R. obtusifolius subsp. obtusifolius; R. divaricatus is a synonym of R. pulcher subsp. woodsii. Haussknecht's infraspecific names are considered heterotypic synonyms of R. pulcher subsp. raulinii (R. pulcher f. macrodon) or R. pulcher subsp. woodsii (R. pulcher var. oligomicrodonta, var. microdon, and var. micropleiodontus). Haussknecht's R. pulcher f. anodonta is accepted as separate taxon at subspecies rank (R. pulcher subsp. anodonta). Finally, the type of R. pulcher subsp. woodsii confirms the occurrence (as an old record) of this taxon in the region of Latium (central Italy) where, up to now, it was strangely considered a doubtful record. Further specimens, found at RO and identified as R. pulcher (without specifying any subspecies), confirm the recent occurrence of R. pulcher subsp. woodsii in the Italian region of Latium.
Immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a Rhodesian ridgeback
Authors: Fisher Andrew , Clarke Katherine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis case report describes an immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with a well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma in a male neutered Rhodesian ridgeback. Initial presentation at the referring veterinary practice was for acute lethargy, anorexia and possible melaena. Immunosuppressive therapy was started, but the dog was later referred due to glucocorticoid adverse effects and worsening anaemia. Upon referral, a mild, macrocytic, normochromic, regenerative anaemia was seen, with positive in‐saline agglutination and a moderate spherocytosis on blood film examination. An irregular, well‐defined liver mass was identified on computed tomography at referral, but its significance was initially uncertain, thus immunosuppressive therapy was commenced. Weaning of medications resulted in immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia relapse, thus the hepatic neoplasm was removed via a right lateral liver lobectomy. Histology confirmed complete excision, and supported a well‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. All medication was successfully discontinued following surgery, with no relapse of clinical signs at the time of writing this report.