bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R2R3‐MYB transcription factor CsMYB60 controls mature fruit skin color by regulating flavonoid accumulation in cucumber
Authors: Xu Xuewen , Zhu Yu , Yuan Ying , Sohail Hamza , He Shuying , Ye Yi , Wang Meixin , Lv Mai , Qi Xiaohua , Yang Xiaodong , Chen Xuehao 
Published: May 2024

SUMMARYSkin color is an important trait that determines the cosmetic appearance and quality of fruits. In cucumber, the skin color ranges from white to brown in mature fruits. However, the genetic basis for this important trait remains unclear. We conducted a genome‐wide association study of natural cucumber populations, along with map‐based cloning techniques, on an F2 population resulting from a cross between Pepino (with yellow‐brown fruit skin) and Zaoer‐N (with creamy fruit skin). We identified CsMYB60 as a candidate gene responsible for skin coloration in mature cucumber fruits. In cucumber accessions with white to pale yellow skin color, a premature stop mutation (C to T) was found in the second exon region of CsMYB60, whereas light yellow cucumber accessions exhibited splicing premature termination caused by an intronic mutator‐like element insertion in CsMYB60. Transgenic CsMYB60c cucumber plants displayed a yellow‐brown skin color by promoting accumulation of flavonoids, especially hyperoside, a yellow‐colored flavonol. CsMYB60c encodes a nuclear protein that primarily acts as a transcriptional activator through its C‐terminal activation motif. RNA sequencing and DNA affinity purification sequencing assays revealed that CsMYB60c promotes skin coloration by directly binding to the YYTACCTAMYT motif in the promoter regions of flavonoid biosynthetic genes, including CsF3′H, which encodes flavonoid 3′‐hydroxylase. The findings of our study not only offer insight into the function of CsMYB60 as dominantly controlling fruit coloration, but also highlight that intronic DNA mutations can have a similar phenotypic impact as exonic mutations, which may be valuable in future cucumber breeding programs.
Residency program factors affecting ACVS board examination pass rates from 2017 to 2021: A survey of ACVS small animal surgery residency programs
Authors: Michael Aleisha E. , Arai Shiori , Gordon‐Evans Wanda J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify small animal surgery (SAS) residency program factors associated with board examination pass rates for the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) board certification examinations.Study designOnline survey.Sample populationProgram directors of ACVS‐registered SAS residency programs.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to eligible 2021 ACVS SAS residency program directors. Respondents provided program information and Phase I and Phase II board examination pass rate data from 2017 to 2021. Programs were grouped based on overall combined board examination pass rates as “excellent” (≥90%) versus “adequate” (<90%). Data were analyzed using recursive partitioning.ResultsResponses from 36 ACVS SAS residency programs (18 private practice [PP], 18 academic programs [AP]) were included. Pass rates were considered “excellent” for 17/36 programs (11/17 AP, 6/17 PP). The strongest indicator of “excellent” programs was most mentors participating in rounds >75% of the time. Of those, the second indicator of “excellent” programs was a soft tissue caseload of <7 surgeries/resident/week. If the soft tissue caseload was >7 surgeries/resident/week, a high orthopedic caseload (>9 surgeries/resident/week) was indicative of “excellent” programs. If most mentors were not participating in rounds >75% of the time, APs were more likely to be “excellent.”ConclusionSAS APs may have higher ACVS board examination pass rates. Mentor involvement, caseload, and residency practice type may influence board examination pass rates.Clinical impactACVS SAS residency programs' board examination pass rates may improve by optimizing mentor involvement and caseload regardless of practice type.
The discourse of ‘falling standards’ of English in Hong Kong
Authors: Sewell Andrew 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe phenomenon of the ‘complaint tradition’, expressing the belief that language standards are deteriorating in some way, has had a long and vibrant existence in discussions of English in Hong Kong. The contribution of a Cultural Linguistics perspective here highlights the nature and significance of the cultural conceptualisations of language, for example, those that are revealed by the use of metaphor. The article begins with an overview of the discourse in Hong Kong, based on a corpus of media articles. The discourse structure and content of the articles, including their metaphorical aspects, are then analysed in more detail. To help understand the persistence of the discourse I draw on the insight that metaphors constitute ‘mini‐narratives’ which construct identities and identity boundaries. The discussion considers how the prevailing conceptualisations of English—some general, and others more culturally specific—serve to reproduce dominant, standardising views and inhibit the acceptance of local variation.
Using the Health Belief Model to understand intention to vaccinate for Lyme disease in the United States
Authors: Gould L. Hannah , Stark James H. , McFadden Brandon , Patel Niyati , Kelly Patrick H. , Riis Jason 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsA growing number of Lyme disease (LD) cases in the U.S. are reported in states neighbouring those with high‐incidence (>10 cases per 100,000 population) rates. Considering the evolving epidemiology, high‐incidence counties in many of these “neighbouring states,” and the forthcoming vaccines, understanding the drivers of vaccination intention is critical, particularly how drivers of intention in neighbouring states vary relative to regions currently classified as high incidence.This study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) to determine the key drivers associated with vaccine intention for U.S. adults and caregivers of children residing in neighbouring states.Methods and ResultsUsing an established panel with quotas for age, sex, race/ethnicity and urbanity, we surveyed 887 adults and 822 caregivers of children residing in U.S. neighbouring states. Survey items included measures of intention and HBM constructs, all of which were assessed using 5‐point Likert scales. We subsequently used structural equation modelling to understand the influence of the HBM constructs on LD vaccine intention.Estimates from structural equation modelling show that the HBM constructs explain much of the variation in intention to vaccinate against LD. Intentions to vaccinate for both adults and caregivers are positively influenced by cues to action, perceived susceptibility of LD, and perceived benefits to vaccination. Both are also negatively influenced by perceived barriers to vaccination. The caregiver's intention to vaccinate is also positively influenced by the perceived severity of LD.ConclusionThe intention to vaccinate for respondents residing in LD neighbouring states is strongly influenced by recommendations from healthcare providers or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As incidence rises in neighbouring states and the need to prevent disease becomes more overt, public health officials should strongly recognize the influence of healthcare providers and CDC recommendations on intention to vaccinate against LD.
The complementary dominance hypothesis: a model for remediating the ‘good’ hand in stroke survivors
Authors: Kitchen Nick M. , Dexheimer Brooke , Yuk Jisung , Maenza Candice , Ruelos Paul R. , Kim Taewon , Sainburg Robert L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe complementary dominance hypothesis is a novel model of motor lateralization substantiated by decades of research examining interlimb differences in the control of upper extremity movements in neurotypical adults and hemisphere‐specific motor deficits in stroke survivors. In contrast to earlier ideas that attribute handedness to the specialization of one hemisphere, our model proposes complementary motor control specializations in each hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere mediates optimal control of limb dynamics as required for smooth and efficient movements, whereas the non‐dominant hemisphere mediates impedance control, important for countering unexpected mechanical conditions and achieving steady‐state limb positions. Importantly, this model proposes that each hemisphere contributes its specialization to both arms (though with greater influence from either arm's contralateral hemisphere) and thus predicts that lesions to one hemisphere should produce hemisphere‐specific motor deficits in not only the contralesional arm, but also the ipsilesional arm of stroke survivors – a powerful prediction now supported by a growing body of evidence. Such ipsilesional arm motor deficits vary with contralesional arm impairment, and thus individuals with little to no functional use of the contralesional arm experience both the greatest impairments in the ipsilesional arm, as well as the greatest reliance on it to serve as the main or sole manipulator for activities of daily living. Accordingly, we have proposed and tested a novel intervention that reduces hemisphere‐specific ipsilesional arm deficits and thereby improves functional independence in stroke survivors with severe contralesional impairment.
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Role of the Flexion Relaxation Phenomenon in the Analysis of Low Back Pain Risk in the Powerlifter: A Proof-of-Principle Study
Authors: Marotta Nicola , de Sire Alessandro , Bartalotta Isabella , Sgro Maria , Zito Roberta , Invernizzi Marco , Ammendolia Antonio , Iona Teresa 
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Unlike the most common training approaches for bodybuilding, powerlifting programs are generally based on maximum and submaximal loads, putting enormous stresses on the lumbar spine. The flexion relaxation phenomenon evaluation is a clinical tool used for low back pain (LBP) assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the role of the flexion relaxation phenomenon in the analysis of LBP in the powerlifters. Methods: Healthy professional powerlifters participated in the study. In fact, we divided the participants into a LBP-low-risk group and a LBP-high-risk group, based on a prior history of LBP. Outcome measures included flexion relaxation ratio (FRR) and trough surface electromyography collected during trunk maximum voluntary flexion; furthermore, during a bench press lifting, we measured the height of the arched back (ARCH), using a camera and the Kinovea video editing software, to consider a potential correlation with the risk of LBP. Results: We included a group of 18 male (aged 24–39 y) powerlifters of 93 kg category. We measured a nonsignificant mean difference of ARCH between low-risk LBP group and high-risk LBP subjects. Curiously, maximum voluntary flexions were both above the threshold of 3.2 μV; therefore, with an absence of appropriate myoelectric silence, on the contrary, the FRR ratios were higher than 9.5, considering the presence of the phenomenon, exclusively for the low-risk group. The lumbar arched back measurement data did not report any association with the LBP risk, regarding the maximum voluntary flexion value, and even more than the FRR there is a relationship with the presence or the absence of LBP risk. Conclusions: FRR could be considered as a useful parameter for studying the risk of LBP in powerlifting. The FRR index not only refers to the possible myoelectric silence of the lumbar muscles in trunk maximum forward flexion but also takes into account the energy value delivered by the lumbar muscles during the flexion. Furthermore, we can indicate that the size of the powerlifter ARCH may not be a determining factor in the occurrence of LBP.
Physical Activity and Motor Skill Development During Early Childhood: Investigating the Role of Parent Support
Authors: James Maeghan E. , Arbour-Nicitopoulos Kelly P. , Kwan Matthew , King-Dowling Sara , Cairney John 
Published: May 2024

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between parent physical activity (PA) support and children’s motor skill development and PA during early childhood and explored the potential moderating effect of child PA and motor skills on these relationships. Methods: Participants (N = 589, 250 girls, meanage = 4.93 [0.59] y) were part of a larger, longitudinal cohort study. Motor skills were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition. Moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Five items were used to measure parent support frequency (1 = none, 3 = 3–4 times, 5 = daily). Moderation analyses were conducted to examine the moderating effect of MVPA and motor skills on the relationship between parent support and motor skills and MVPA, respectively. Results: Parent support was significantly related to motor skills (B = 14.45, P = .007), and child MVPA significantly moderated this relationship (B = −0.17, P = .021). The relationship between parent support and child MVPA did not reach significance (B = 2.89, P = .051); however, motor skills had a significant moderating effect (B = −0.08, P = .022). Conclusions: These novel findings suggest parent PA support is related to child motor skills and PA during early childhood, but this relationship is context dependent. Child-level characteristics should be considered in future parent PA support research.
Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on oxygen delivery/consumption and critical impulse during maximal effort forearm exercise in males: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Fenuta Alyssa M. , Drouin Patrick J. , Kohoko Zach I.N. , Lynn Mytchel J.T. , Tschakovsky Michael E. 
Published: May 2024

Beetroot juice supplementation (BRJ) should increase nitric oxide bioavailability under conditions of muscle deoxygenation and acidosis that are a normal consequence of the maximal effort exercise test used to identify forearm critical impulse. We hypothesized BRJ would improve oxygen delivery:demand matching and forearm critical impulse performance. Healthy males (20.8 ± 2.4 years) participated in a randomized crossover trial between October 2017 and May 2018 (Queen’s University, Kingston, ON). Participants completed 10 min of rhythmic maximal effort forearm handgrip exercise 2.5 h post placebo (PL) vs. BRJ (9 completed PL/BRJ vs. 4 completed BRJ/PL) within a 2 week period. Data are presented as mean ± SD. There was a main effect of drink (PL > BRJ) for oxygen extraction ( P = 0.033, ηp2 = 0.351) and oxygen consumption/force ( P = 0.017, ηp2 = 0.417). There was a drink × time interaction (PL > BRJ) for oxygen consumption/force ( P = 0.035, ηp2 = 0.216) between 75 and 360 s (1.25–6 min) from exercise onset. BRJ did not influence oxygen delivery ( P = 0.953, ηp2 = 0.000), oxygen consumption ( P = 0.064, ηp2 = 0.278), metabolites ((lactate) ( P = 0.196, ηp2 = 0.135), pH ( P = 0.759, ηp2 = 0.008)) or power-duration performance parameters (critical impulse ( P = 0.379, d = 0.253), W′ ( P = 0.733, d = 0.097)). BRJ during all-out handgrip exercise does not influence oxygen delivery or exercise performance. Oxygen cost of contraction with BRJ is reduced as contraction impulse is declining during maximal effort exercise resulting in less oxygen extraction.
Folate and synthetic folic acid content in Canadian fortified foods two decades after mandatory fortification
Authors: Khanna Siya , Aufreiter Susanne , MacFarlane Amanda J. , Shakur Yaseer A. , O'Connor Deborah L. 
Published: May 2024

In 1998, Health Canada mandated folic acid fortification of white flour and enriched grain products to prevent neural tube defects. At the time, neither the Canadian Nutrient File (CNF) nor product labels reflected the actual folate content of foods. We aimed to assess if 20 years post-fortification, the CNF values for total folate and synthetic folic acid accurately reflect amounts determined by direct analysis. Using the 2001 Food Expenditure Survey and ACNielsen Company data, we identified 10–15 of the most purchased fortified foods across seven food categories in Canada. Total folate concentrations were determined by tri-enzyme digestion and microbial assay. Folic acid concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Except for “cooked pastas”, mean total folate content of foods ( n = 89) were significantly higher than CNF values across categories ( p < 0.05), reflecting 167% ± 54% of CNF values. Similarly, mean folic acid content of foods was higher than CNF values for all categories except “cooked pastas” ( p < 0.05), with a mean of 188% ± 94% of CNF values; the latter CNF values included uncooked pasta. In sum, 20 years post-fortification, and 10 years since the last direct measurement, CNF and product label values still underestimate actual total folate and the folic acid content of foods. These findings emphasize that dietary estimates established using the CNF may significantly underestimate actual intakes and thus caution should be exercised when interpreting estimates of nutritional adequacy based on these values.
Data Validation Utilizing Expert Knowledge and Shape Constraints
Authors: Bachinger Florian , Ehrlinger Lisa , Kronberger Gabriel , Wöss Wolfram 
Published: May 2024

Data validation is a primary concern in any data-driven application, as undetected data errors may negatively affect machine learning models and lead to suboptimal decisions. Data quality issues are usually detected manually by experts, which becomes infeasible and uneconomical for large volumes of data.
To enable automated data validation, we propose “shape constraint-based data validation,” a novel approach based on machine learning that incorporates expert knowledge in the form of shape constraints. Shape constraints can be used to describe expected (multivariate and nonlinear) patterns in valid data and enable the detection of invalid data that deviates from these expected patterns. Our approach can be divided into two steps: (1) shape-constrained prediction models are trained on data, and (2) their training error is analyzed to identify invalid data. The training error can be used as an indicator for invalid data because shape-constrained models can fit valid data better than invalid data.
We evaluate the approach on a benchmark suite consisting of synthetic datasets, which we have published for benchmarking similar data validation approaches. Additionally, we demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach with a real-world dataset consisting of measurements from a friction test bench in an industrial setting. Our approach detects subtle data errors that are difficult to identify even for domain experts.
Lightweight Hardware-Based Cache Side-Channel Attack Detection for Edge Devices (Edge-CaSCADe)
Authors: Bhade Pavitra , Paturel Joseph , Sentieys Olivier , Sinha Sharad 
Published: May 2024

Cache Side-Channel Attacks (CSCAs) have been haunting most processor architectures for decades now. Existing approaches to mitigation of such attacks have certain drawbacks, namely software mishandling, performance overhead, and low throughput due to false alarms. Hence,“mitigation only when detected”should be the approach to minimize the effects of such drawbacks. We propose a novel methodology of fine-grained detection of timing-based CSCA using a hardware-based detection module.We discuss the design, implementation, and use of our proposed detection module in processor architectures. Our approach successfully detects attacks that flush secret victim information from cache memory like Flush+Reload, Flush+Flush, Prime+Probe, Evict+Probe, and Prime+Abort, commonly known as cache timing attacks. Detection is on time with minimal performance overhead. The parameterizable number of counters used in our module allows detection of multiple attacks on multiple sensitive locations simultaneously. The fine-grained nature ensures negligible false alarms, severely reducing the need for any unnecessary mitigation. The proposed work is evaluated by synthesizing the entire detection algorithm as an attack detection block, Edge-CaSCADe, in a RISC-V processor as a target example. The detection results are checked under different workload conditions with respect to the number of attackers and the number of victims having RSA-, AES-, and ECC-based encryption schemes like ECIES, and on benchmark applications like MiBench and Embench. More than 98% detection accuracy within 2% of the beginning of an attack can be achieved with negligible false alarms. The detection module has an area and power overhead of 0.9% to 2% and 1% to 2.1% for the targeted RISC-V processor core without cache for one to five counters, respectively. The detection module does not affect the processor critical path and hence has no impact on its maximum operating frequency.
An Open-Source ML-Based Full-Stack Optimization Framework for Machine Learning Accelerators
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Hadi , Ghodrati Soroush , Kahng Andrew , Kim Joon Kyung , Kinzer Sean , Kundu Sayak , Mahapatra Rohan , Manasi Susmita Dey , Sapatnekar Sachin , Wang Zhiang , Zeng Ziqing 
Published: May 2024

Parameterizable machine learning (ML) accelerators are the product of recent breakthroughs in ML. To fully enable their design space exploration (DSE), we propose a physical-design-driven, learning-based prediction framework for hardware-accelerated deep neural network (DNN) and non-DNN ML algorithms. It adopts a unified approach that combines power, performance, and area (PPA) analysis with frontend performance simulation, thereby achieving a realistic estimation of both backend PPA and system metrics such as runtime and energy. In addition, our framework includes a fully automated DSE technique, which optimizes backend and system metrics through an automated search of architectural and backend parameters. Experimental studies show that our approach consistently predicts backend PPA and system metrics with an average 7% or less prediction error for the ASIC implementation of two deep learning accelerator platforms, VTA and VeriGOOD-ML, in both a commercial 12 nm process and a research-oriented 45 nm process.
Transubstantiation, Absurdity, and the Religious Imagination: Hobbes and Rational Christianity
Authors: Chandran Amy 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article evaluates the political implications of Thomas Hobbes’s extensive treatment of religion by taking up the motif of the Eucharist (and accompanying doctrine of transubstantiation) in Leviathan. Hobbes holds out transubstantiation as an exemplar of absurdity and an historical outgrowth of Christianity’s inauspicious meeting with pagan practices. At the same time, Leviathan contains allusions to eucharistic imagery in its narration of the generation of the “Mortal God,” the commonwealth, as the incorporation of a civil body. These conflicting sentiments are illustrative of a wider tension running through Hobbes’s thought. Although Hobbes’s repudiation of superstition is well-known, it stands in stark contrast to Leviathan’s treatment of Christianity as an exemplar of “true” religion. The varied allusions to eucharistic doctrine illustrate how proper use might be made of a persistent “natural religiosity.” Both in its consonance with reason and its political logic, Christianity remains a politically constructive expression of “power invisible.”