bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐mediated factors predicting early‐ and late‐stage presentation of breast cancer in Egypt
Authors: Stapleton Jaye M. , Mullan Patricia B. , Dey Subhojit , Hablas Ahmed , Gaafar Rabab , Seifeldin Ibrahim A. , Banerjee Mousumi , Soliman Amr S. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: Breast cancer fatality rates are high in low‐ and middle‐income countries because of the late stage at diagnosis. We investigated patient‐mediated determinants for late‐stage presentation of breast cancer in Egypt.Methods: A case–case comparison was performed for 343 women with breast cancer, comparing those who had been initially diagnosed at Stage I or II with those diagnosed at Stage III or IV. Patients were recruited from the National Cancer Institute of Cairo University and Tanta Cancer Center in the Nile delta. Patients were either newly diagnosed or diagnosed within the year preceding the study. Interviews elicited information on disease history and diagnosis, beliefs and attitudes toward screening practices, distance to treatment facility, education, income, and reproductive history.Results: Forty‐six per cent of the patients had presented at late stage. Women seen in Cairo were more likely to present at late stages than patients in Tanta (OR=5.05; 95% CI=1.30, 19.70). Women without any pain were more likely to present at later stage (OR=2.68; 95% CI=1.18, 6.08). Knowledge of breast self‐examination increased the likelihood of women to present in early stages significantly (OR=0.24; 95% CI=0.06, 0.94).Conclusions: Despite increasing numbers of cancer centers in Egypt during the past 20 years, additional regional facilities are needed for cancer management. In addition, increasing awareness about breast cancer will have significant long‐term impact on breast cancer prevention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spirituality and use of complementary therapies for cure in advanced cancer
Authors: Trinkaus Mateya , Burman Debika , Barmala Niusha , Rodin Gary , Jones Jennifer , Lo Christopher , Zimmermann Camilla 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used by patients with advanced cancer, for a variety of reasons. We examined the use of CAM in this population, and associations of use for potential cure with spiritual faith and existential well‐being.Methods: Patients with advanced cancer on a palliative care unit completed a measure of spiritual well‐being (existential well‐being and faith), and a survey assessing complementary therapy use and reasons for such use. Information was also gathered on demographic data, previous cancer treatment, performance status, and symptom distress. Regression analyses assessed the association between the spirituality domains of existential well‐being and faith, and the use of CAM for cure.Results: Of 123 participants, 85% had used CAM, 42% with curative intent. More than 95% would consider future use of CAM, 48% for potential cure. Previous use for cure predicted current interest in using CAM for cure (p<0.0001). Spiritual faith was associated with previous (p<0.02) and interest in future use for cure (p<0.0001). Poor existential well‐being was associated with interest in future use of CAM for cure (p=0.04).Conclusions: Interest in considering CAM for cure was relatively high in this group of inpatients on a palliative care unit, and was associated with increased spiritual faith and decreased existential well‐being. Understanding factors associated with seeking CAM for cure may help health‐care professionals to support and educate patients with advanced cancer.Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced pore diameter fluctuations of macroporous silicon fabricated from neutron‐transmutation‐doped material
Authors: Schweizer Stefan L. , von Rhein Andreas , Geppert Torsten M. , Wehrspohn Ralf B. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe precision of photo‐electrochemical etching of perfectly‐ordered macropores in single‐crystalline silicon is limited by pore diameter fluctuations due to doping variations of the starting wafer (striations). The doping variation originates from the rotation during crystal growth in the float‐zone or Czochralski process, respectively. Experimentally, variations of the pore diameter up to 7% can occur. These so‐called striations limit performance of possible applications of macroporous silicon. As doping inhomogeneities are the reason for the striations, uniformly doped silicon wafers by neutron transmutation doping were used for the first time. Photoelectrochemical etching of neutron transmutated silicon has been carried out and the pore diameter fluctuation has been reduced by about 40% compared to standard doped float‐zone wafers. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Semiempirical hyperfine structure and ab initio isotope shift predictions in Zr II
Authors: Bouazza Safa 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe fine structure of the even‐parity low configurations has been reanalyzed by simultaneous parameterization of the one‐ and two‐body interactions for the model space (4d + 5s)3. Using the calculated eigenfunctions, the magnetic‐dipole A hyperfine constants for the whole 37 existing levels of the model space were predicted and compared partially to those obtained using relativistic configuration‐interaction approach. Moreover, volume shifts (VS) and specific mass shifts (SMS) of numerous configurations of singly ionised zirconium are deduced by means of ab initio estimates combined with a few experimental isotope shift data available in literature: VS(4d15s2) = 840 MHz, VS(4d3) = −649 MHz, VS(4d15p2) = −387 MHz, VS(5s25p1) = 1250 MHz, and SMS(4d15s2) = −634 MHz, SMS(4d3) = 484 MHz, SMS(5s25p1) = −1459 MHz, referred to 4d25s for the pair Zr90–Zr92. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
An ab initio theoretical approach to the gas phase decomposition of C3H7+ produced in ground state Li+ + i‐C3H7Cl collisions
Authors: Lucas Jose Maria , de Andrés Jaime , Albertí Margarita , Bofill Josep Maria , Aguilar‐Navarro Antonio 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA theoretical study of the potential energy surface (PES) for the decomposition of the i‐C3H cation has been done at RHF/MP2 level. In a previous study on the Li+ + i‐C3H7Cl system under single collision conditions, the authors measured the cross section energy dependence for the formation of this cation and its decomposition in C2H + CH4. Theoretical calculations on the PES of the C3H system have provided reaction paths for both, its decomposition channel and its isomerization to n‐C3H. The former reaction path involves a large increase of one CC bond length of the initial ion, nearly forming a CH3 neutral fragment that, by interacting with the remaining fragment, abstracts a hydrogen atom, giving methane and C2H as final products. The energy requirement for this reaction is given by the process endoergicity, without any additional potential barrier. For the isomerization reaction, a transition state has been located between both potential wells, with the corresponding reaction path fully characterized by the IRC method. The main features of the calculated PES allow us to interpret, at least qualitatively, the experimental data previously obtained in our group. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Long‐term fish assemblages of inner bends in a large river
Authors: Pyron M. , Beugly J. S. , Pritchett J. M. , Jacquemin S. J. , Lauer T. E. , Gammon J. R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe sampled fishes at 17 inner bend sites on the Wabash River in 2008 to compare with collections from 1977 to 1997. We used the same seine collection methods as previous years and collected a total of 37 species. Mean site Shannon‐Wiener diversity, species richness, evenness and abundance for all years were similar. We used multivariate analyses to test for patterns in fish assemblage structure among all sites and all years. The multivariate analyses resulted in distinct assemblages for each collection‐year, suggesting shifts in assemblage composition among years. We used separate multivariate analyses to examine fish assemblage variation within individual years. Variation that corresponded to an upstream–downstream pattern was present in 1977 and 2008, but not in 1997. A hydrologic analysis based on daily discharge revealed that eight large flood events occurred from 1928 to 2007, with four of these events during the recent 20 years. We quantified substrate variation at the 17 sites in 2008 and identified a longitudinal gradient in dominant substrate categories with gravel upstream and sand downstream that was correlated with the first axis of the 2008 fish assemblage ordination. We suggest that observed changes in fish assemblages in decadal periods were from hydrologic impacts of large floods on local habitats. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing agreement in the timing of treatment initiation determined by repeated measurements of novel versus gold standard technologies with application to the monitoring of CD4 counts in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Noubary Farzad , Hughes Michael D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRepeated biomarker measurements are often taken over time to help assess risk of disease progression and guide clinical decision‐making, such as whether to start treatment. Unfortunately, gold standard methodologies for measuring biomarkers are often prohibitively expensive or unavailable in resource‐limited settings. For example, the costs of monitoring HIV‐infected subjects to decide when to start or change treatments are a significant burden for many countries, often exceeding the costs of treatments. A major issue concerns how to evaluate changes in timing of key clinical decisions if a new, simpler or less expensive technology were used instead of the gold standard. We develop a framework for addressing this problem and apply it to the case of monitoring CD4 counts in HIV‐infected patients. We focus on the practically important situation in which longitudinal natural history data are available for the gold standard (flow cytometry for CD4 counts), but where the first data expected for a new technology will come from a cross‐sectional method comparison study, allowing for estimation of variability and systematic differences (bias) between the two technologies. In a case study, we illustrate how a combination of statistical modeling and simulation study might be used to evaluate the potential impact of using a new technology on treatment starting times in a population of HIV‐infected subjects. This gives developers of new CD4 measurement technologies insight into what might constitute acceptable increases in variability and/or bias for novel methods. We finish with a discussion of our findings and some statistical problems that need further work. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A flexible approach to the crossing hazards problem
Authors: Muggeo Vito M. R. , Tagliavia Miriam 
Published: May 2010

AbstractWe propose a simple and flexible framework for the crossing hazards problem. The method is not confined to two‐sample problems, but may also work with continuous exposure variables whose effect changes its sign at some time‐point of the observed follow‐up time. Penalized partial likelihood estimation relies upon the assumption of a smooth hazard ratio via low‐rank basis splines with a conventional difference penalty to ensure smoothness, and additionalad hocpenalties to obtain restricted estimates useful in the context of crossing hazards. The framework naturally also leads to a statistical test that has good power for revealing a global effect under several alternatives, including crossing hazards. We provide the results from a real‐data analysis and from some simulations to illustrate empirically the performance of the proposed approach as compared with the possible alternatives. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incumbent firm invention in emerging fields: evidence from the semiconductor industry
Authors: Jiang Lin , Tan Justin , Thursby Marie 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIncumbent firms are often thought to focus on incremental innovations and only respond to a major technological change once its impact on established markets and/or dominant designs becomes clear. We argue, however, that incumbent firms have many reasons to proactively invent early in cycles of technological change. Our interest is in the strategies that allow incumbents to be successful in this endeavor during the infancy of an emerging field—the period before it is clear how the field will affect dominant designs. Our evidence counters the stereotypical view that incumbent firms play a passive role in major technological changes by adhering to incremental inventions in the existing dominant designs. Rather, we find significant inventions by incumbents outside the existing dominant designs and relate their success to their willingness to search novel areas, explore scientific knowledge in the public domain, and form alliances with a balanced portfolio of partners. We find support for our hypotheses using data from the global semiconductor industry between 1989 and 2002. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alliance portfolio diversity and firm performance
Authors: Jiang Ruihua Joy , Tao Qingjiu Tom , Santoro Michael D. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn this paper, we offer a comprehensive alliance portfolio diversity construct that includes partner, functional, and governance diversity. Grounding our work primarily with the resource‐ and dynamic capabilities‐based views, we argue that increased diversity in partners' industry, organizational, and national background will incur added complexity and coordination costs but will provide broadened resource and learning benefits. Increased functional diversity results in a more balanced portfolio of exploration and exploitation activities that expands the firm's knowledge base while increased governance diversity inhibits learning and routine building. Hypotheses were tested with alliance portfolio and performance data for 138 multinational firms in the global automobile industry during the twenty‐year period from 1985 to 2005. We found alliance portfolios with greater organizational and functional diversity and lower governance diversity were related to higher firm performance while industry diversity had a U‐shaped relationship with firm performance. We suggest firms manage their alliances with a portfolio perspective, seeking to maximize resource and learning benefits by collaborating with a variety of organizations in various value chain activities while minimizing managerial costs through a focused set of governance structures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mimicking Electrodeposition in the Gas Phase: A Programmable Concept for Selected‐Area Fabrication of Multimaterial Nanostructures
Authors: Cole Jesse J. , Lin En‐Chiang , Barry Chad R. , Jacobs Heiko O. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAn in situ gas‐phase process that produces charged streams of Au, Si, TiO2, ZnO, and Ge nanoparticles/clusters is reported together with a programmable concept for selected‐area assembly/printing of more than one material type. The gas‐phase process mimics solution electrodeposition whereby ions in the liquid phase are replaced with charged clusters in the gas phase. The pressure range in which the analogy applies is discussed and it is demonstrated that particles can be plated into pores vertically (minimum resolution 60 nm) or laterally to form low‐resistivity (48 µΩ cm) interconnects. The process is applied to the formation of multimaterial nanoparticle films and sensors. The system works at atmospheric pressure and deposits material at room temperature onto electrically biased substrate regions. The combination of pumpless operation and parallel nozzle‐free deposition provides a scalable tool for printable flexible electronics and the capability to mix and match materials.
Patterned Growth of Graphene over Epitaxial Catalyst
Authors: Ago Hiroki , Tanaka Izumi , Orofeo Carlo M. , Tsuji Masaharu , Ikeda Ken‐ichi 
Published: May 2010

AbstractRectangle‐ and triangle‐shaped microscale graphene films are grown on epitaxial Co films deposited on single‐crystal MgO substrates with (001) and (111) planes, respectively. A thin film of Co or Ni metal is epitaxially deposited on a MgO substrate by sputtering while heating the substrate. Thermal decomposition of polystyrene over this epitaxial metal film in vacuum gives rectangular or triangular pit structures whose orientation and shape are strongly dependent on the crystallographic orientation of the MgO substrate. Raman mapping measurements indicate preferential formation of few‐layer graphene films inside these pits. The rectangular graphene films are transferred onto a SiO2/Si substrate while maintaining the original shape and field‐effect transistors are fabricated using the transferred films. These findings on the formation of rectangular/triangular graphene give new insights on the formation mechanism of graphene and can be applied for more advanced/controlled graphene growth.
Rapid Electrohydrodynamic Lithography Using Low‐Viscosity Polymers
Authors: Goldberg‐Oppenheimer Pola , Steiner Ullrich 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis study explores a number of low‐viscosity glass‐forming polymers for their suitability as high‐speed materials in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) lithography. The use of low‐viscosity polymer films significantly reduces the pattering time (to below 10 s) compared to earlier approaches, without compromising the high fidelity of the replicated structures. The rapid pace of this process requires a method to monitor the completion of EHD pattern formation. To this end, the leakage current across the device is monitored and the sigmoidal shape of the current curve is correlated with the various stages of EHD pattern formation.
A history of mitochondrial diseases
Authors: DiMauro Salvatore 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis articles reviews the development of mitochondrial medicine from the premolecular era (1962–1988), when mitochondrial diseases were defined on the basis of clinical examination, muscle biopsy, and biochemical criteria, through the molecular era, when the full complexity of these disorders became evident. In a chronological order, I have followed the introduction of new pathogenic concepts that have shaped a rational genetic classification of these clinically heterogeneous disorders. Thus, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)‐related diseases can be divided into two main groups: those that impair mitochondrial protein synthesis in toto, and those that affect specific respiratory chain proteins. Mutations in nuclear DNA can affect components of respiratory chain complexes (direct hits) or assembly proteins (indirect hits), but they can also impair mtDNA integrity (multiple mtDNA mutations), replication (mtDNA depletion), or mtDNA translation. Besides these disorders that affect the respiratory chain directly, defects in other mitochondrial functions may also affect oxidative phosphorylation, including problems in mitochondrial protein import, alterations of the inner mitochondrial membrane lipid composition, and defects of mitochondrial dynamics. The enormous and still ongoing progress in our understanding of mitochondrial medicine was made possible by the intense collaboration of an international cadre of “mitochondriacs.” Having published my first paper on a patient with mitochondrial myopathy 37 years ago (DiMauro et al., 1973), I feel qualified to write a history of the mitochondrial diseases, a fascinating, still evolving, and continuously puzzling area of medicine. In each section, I follow a chronological order of the salient discoveries and I show only the portraits of distinguished deceased mitochondriacs and those whose names became eponyms of mitochondrial diseases.
TPH2 polymorphisms and expression in Prader-Willi syndrome subjects with differing genetic subtypes
Authors: Henkhaus Rebecca S. , Bittel Douglas C. , Butler Merlin G. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic imprinting disease that causes developmental and behavioral disturbances resulting from loss of expression of genes from the paternal chromosome 15q11-q13 region. In about 70% of subjects, this portion of the paternal chromosome is deleted, while 25% have two copies of the maternal chromosome 15, or uniparental maternal disomy (UPD; the remaining subjects have imprinting center defects. There are several documented physical and behavioral differences between the two major PWS genetic subtypes (deletion and UPD) indicating the genetic subtype plays a role in clinical presentation. Serotonin is known to be disturbed in PWS and affects both eating behavior and compulsion, which are reported to be abnormal in PWS. We investigated the tryptophan hydroxylase gene (TPH2), the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of brain serotonin, by analyzing three different TPH2 gene polymorphisms, transcript expression, and correlation with PWS genetic subtype. DNA and RNA from lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from 12 PWS and 12 comparison subjects were used for the determination of genetic subtype, TPH2 polymorphisms and quantitative RT-PCR analysis. A similar frequency of TPH2 polymorphisms was seen in the PWS and comparison subjects with PWS deletion subjects showing increased expression with one or more TPH2 polymorphism. Both PWS deletion and PWS UPD subjects had significantly lower TPH2 expression than control subjects and PWS deletion subjects had significantly lower TPH2 expression compared with PWS UPD subjects. PWS subjects with 15q11-q13 deletions had lower TPH2 expression compared with PWS UPD or control subjects, requiring replication and further studies to identify the cause including identification of disturbed gene interactions resulting from the deletion process.
Swallowing ability and chronic aspiration after supracricoid partial laryngectomy
Authors: Simonelli Marilia , Ruoppolo Giovanni , de Vincentiis Marco , Di Mario Marco , Calcagno Paola , Vitiello Cecilia , Manciocco Valentina , Pagliuca Giulio , Gallo Andrea 
Published: May 2010

ObjectiveSporadic episodes of aspiration may occur after supracricoid partial laryngectomy. To prevent risks of pulmonary consequences, a limitation of oral intake of food or a “nothing by mouth” regimen has been suggested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long‐term swallowing and pulmonary status of patients after supracricoid partial laryngectomy.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary University Hospital Policlinico “Umberto I” and Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.Subjects and MethodsThe swallowing status of a selected group of 116 patients who recovered functional deglutition after supracricoid partial laryngectomy was analyzed during follow‐up consultation. Swallowing evaluation included clinical observation, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, and a videofluoroscopy. When aspiration was confirmed by videofluoroscopy, a high‐resolution computed tomography (CT) of the chest was performed in order to assess the radiological manifestations of aspiration. A group of 45 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and normal deglutition was used as a control.ResultsSeventy‐nine patients out of 116 showed a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing suggestive for aspiration; only 45 patients had aspiration confirmed by videofluoroscopy. No significant differences in radiological findings were noted in the patients affected by postoperative chronic aspiration compared to the control group.ConclusionPatients with functional deglutition after supracricoid partial laryngectomy show a mild and well‐tolerated degree of chronic aspiration and do not require a limitation of oral intake of food.