bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micropropogation of <i>Cucurbita maxima</i> Duch. through Shoot Tip Culture
Authors: Mahzabin F , Parvez S , Alam MF 
Published: November 2009

Micropropagation of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) was achieved using shoot tip of in vitro grown seed derived plants of two cultivars namely, Bikrompuri and Baromasi of Bangladesh. The excised shoot tips were cultured on MS medium containing KIN, BA, NAA at various levels of concentration and combination for shoot induction and proliferation, and best response was found at 3.0 mg/l of BA. Shoots were rooted most effectively in ½ MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA. Bikrompuri was found more responsive than Baromasi for rapid clonal propagation. Key words: Micropropagation, Direct organogenesis, Shoot tip, Pumpkin DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3742 J. bio-sci. 16: 59-65, 2008
<i>In Vitro</i> Propagation of Pumpkin and Ash Gourd through Nodal Segments
Authors: Haque ME , Sarkar MAR , Mahmud MA , Rezwana D , Sikdar B 
Published: November 2009

The present study was undertaken with a view to develop an efficient protocol for in vitro multiple shoot formation and subsequent root induction considering various cultural aspects using nodal segments of Cucurbita maxima and Benincasa hispida. The best hormone for shoot multiplication of pumpkin was BAP (2 mg/l), incase of ash-gourd BAP was 1.5 mg/l. For callus induction BAP+2,4-D was best combination for pumpkin and it was 2.0+0.1 mg/l when in ash gourd BAP+NAA was the best combination. IBA + ½MS medium were used for induction of shoot bud root. In both of pumpkin and ash gourd 1.5 mg/l IBA was found best for induction of roots. Key words: In vitro, MS medium, nodal segments, multiplication, rooting, pumpkin and ash gourd. DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3743 J. bio-sci. 16: 67-71, 2008
Post-Irradiation Ageing Effect on Morphological Characters of <i>Crotalaria saltiana</i>
Authors: Shah ABS , Ud-Deen MM , Naz A , Sarker JK , Kabir G 
Published: November 2009

Post-irradiation ageing effect on seed germinability and different morphological characters of Crotalaria saltiana were studied in the year of 2006. Germination percentage of Crotalaria saltiana seeds treated with different doses of gamma rays, aged for 32 years in moisture free condition showed remarkable variation. Plants grown from the treated seeds of all the doses showed diversity among themselves regarding their morphological characters. Such as plant height was found to reduce in lower doses and this character showed no such consistent result. Leaf irregularities such as, invaginated margin, inverted margin with blunt apex, leaf with bifurcated apex, small size and dented margin, etc. were recorded. Key words: Post-irradiation ageing effect, Morphological characters, Crotalaria saltiana. DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3747 J. bio-sci. 16: 89-93, 2008
On Treating Oneself and Others as Thermometers
Authors: White Roger 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTI treat you as a thermometer when I use your belief states as more or less reliable indicators of the facts. Should I treatmyselfin a parallel way? Should I think of the outputs of my faculties and yours as like the readings of two thermometers the way a third party would? I explore some of the difficulties in answering these questions. If I am to treat myself as well as others as thermometers in this way, it would appear that I cannot reasonably trust my own convictions over yours unless I have antecedent reason to suppose that I am more likely than you to get things right. I appeal to some probabilistic considerations to suggest that our predicament as thermometers might not actually be as bad as it seems.
Peerage
Authors: Conee Earl 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTExperts take sides in standing scholarly disagreements. They rely on the epistemic reasons favorable to their side to justify their position. It is argued here that no position actually has an overall balance of undefeated reasons in its favor. Candidates for such reasons include the objective strength of the rational support for one side, the special force of details in the case for one side, and a summary impression of truth. All such factors fail to justify any position.
Is Fatigue an Inflammatory Variable in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)? Analyses of Fatigue in RA, Osteoarthritis, and Fibromyalgia
Authors: BERGMAN MARTIN J. , SHAHOURI SHADI S. , SHAVER TIMOTHY S. , ANDERSON JAMES D. , WEIDENSAUL DAVID N. , BUSCH RUTH E. , WANG SHIRLEY , WOLFE FREDERICK 
Published: November 2009

Objective.To investigate whether fatigue is an inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis; RA) variable, the contributions of RA variables to fatigue, and the levels of fatigue in RA compared with osteoarthritis (OA) and fibromyalgia (FM).Methods.We studied 2096 RA patients, 1440 with OA, and 1073 with FM in a clinical setting, and 14,607 RA, 3173 OA, and 2487 patients with FM in survey research. We partitioned variables into inflammatory and noninflammatory factors and examined variable contribution to fatigue (0–10 visual analog scale).Results.Factor analysis identified Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) and swollen (SJC) and tender joint count (TJC) as a physician-inflammation factor, and patient global assessment, pain, Health Assessment Questionnaire, and fatigue as patient components. Fatigue demonstrated weak correlations with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; r = 0.071) and SJC (r = 0.112), weak to fair correlations with TJC (r = 0.294), physician global assessment of RA activity (r = 0.384), and DAS28 (r = 0.399), but strong correlation with patient global assessment of severity (r = 0.567). In hierarchical regression analysis, patient global explained 43.1% of DAS28 fatigue variance; when SJC, TJC, and ESR were entered, the explained variance increased to 43.7%. In reverse order, SJC, TJC, and ESR explained 9.2% of the variance, but explained variance increased to 43.7% when patient global was added. The mean clinic fatigue scores were RA 4.9, OA 4.8, FM 7.6; mean survey scores were RA 4.5, OA 4.4, FM 6.3. Adjusted for age and sex, RA and OA fatigue scores were not significantly different.Conclusion.Inflammatory components of the DAS28 contribute minimally to fatigue. RA and OA fatigue levels do not differ. Fatigue is not an inflammatory variable and has no unique association with RA or RA therapy.
Anti-RNA Polymerase III Antibody Prevalence and Associated Clinical Manifestations in a Large Series of French Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: MEYER OLIVIER , DE CHAISEMARTIN LUC , NICAISE-ROLAND PASCALE , CABANE JEAN , TUBACH FLORENCE , DIEUDE PHILIPPE , HAYEM GILLES , PALAZZO ELISABETH , CHOLLET-MARTIN SYLVIE , KAHAN ANDRÉ , ALLANORE YANNICK 
Published: November 2009

Objective.To determine the prevalence of anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibodies in French patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to identify the associated clinical manifestations.Methods.Consecutive patients with SSc seen in 3 tertiary centers in Paris were included. Sera samples were collected together with the relevant clinical and immunological data. Anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies were detected by ELISA at a central laboratory. Data on other antibodies were abstracted from the medical records.Results.We included 319 patients: 84% women, 36% with a diffuse cutaneous subtype, 44% with pulmonary fibrosis, 5% with pulmonary hypertension, 4% with renal crisis, among whom 29 (9.4%) had anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies. These antibodies were more prevalent in patients with diffuse than with limited cutaneous disease (14.3% vs 6.0%; OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2–5.48, p = 0.016). Renal crisis was more prevalent in patients with than in those without anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies (14% vs 3%; OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.4–17.3, p = 0.012). Renal crisis occurred in 2.2% of patients with anti-topoisomerase I and 3.9% of patients with anticentromere antibodies. Of the patients with anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies, 24 (83%) had no other systemic sclerosis-specific autoantibodies.Conclusion.The prevalence of anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies in French patients appeared to be lower than in the United States and similar to that in continental Europe. These antibodies were consistently associated with diffuse cutaneous disease and were the most common immunological marker for renal crisis. Anti-RNA polymerase III determination can help to risk-stratify SSc patients at high risk for this severe manifestation.
Preparation of Stable Single‐Chain Trimers Engineered with Peptide, β2 Microglobulin, and MHC Heavy Chain
Authors: Hansen Ted , Yu Y.Y. Lawrence , Fremont Daved H. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis unit describes a method for constructing a class I MHC molecule with a bound peptide as a single polypeptide chain, termed SCT, for single chain trimer. The component organization of the SCT appears to be widely applicable to different mouse or human MHC class I isotypes bound by different antigenic peptides. The enhanced peptide occupancy afforded by the SCT format makes these molecules effective reagents as DNA vaccines, multimeric staining reagents to enumerate CD8 T cells, and probes of lymphocyte biology. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 87:17.5.1‐17.5.17. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generation of Peptide MHC Class I Monomers and Multimers Through Ligand Exchange
Authors: Toebes Mireille , Rodenko Boris , Ovaa Huib , Schumacher Ton N.M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe recognition of defined antigen‐MHC complexes by antigen‐specific T cells forms the molecular basis of T cell immunity. It has been shown that fluorescently labeled recombinant MHC tetramers can be utilized to detect antigen‐specific T cells by flow cytometry. Since this first description, MHC tetramers and other types of MHC multimers have become a core tool to monitor the development of disease‐ and therapy‐induced antigen‐specific T cell responses both in humans and in animal model systems. This unit describes a set of protocols that transform classical MHC multimer technology into a high‐throughput platform, allowing one to produce large collections of MHC class I molecules charged with different peptides. This technology is based on the development of conditional MHC ligands that can be triggered to self‐destruct while in the MHC‐bound state. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 87:18.16.1‐18.16.20. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Population relationships in the Mediterranean revealed by autosomal genetic data (Alu and Alu/STR compound systems)
Authors: González‐Pérez Emili , Esteban Esther , Via Marc , Gayà‐Vidal Magdalena , Athanasiadis Georgios , Dugoujon Jean Michel , Luna Francisco , Mesa Maria Soledad , Fuster Vicente , Kandil Mostafa , Harich Nourdin , Bissar‐Tadmouri Nisrine , Saetta Angela , Moral Pedro 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe variation of 18 Alu polymorphisms and 3 linked STRs was determined in 1,831 individuals from 15 Mediterranean populations to analyze the relationships between human groups in this geographical region and provide a complementary perspective to information from studies based on uniparental markers. Patterns of population diversity revealed by the two kinds of markers examined were different from one another, likely in relation to their different mutation rates. Therefore, while the Alu biallelic variation underlies general heterogeneity throughout the whole Mediterranean region, the combined use of Alu and STR points to a considerable genetic differentiation between the two Mediterranean shores, presumably strengthened by a considerable sub‐Saharan African genetic contribution in North Africa (around 13% calculated from Alu markers). Gene flow analysis confirms the permeability of the Sahara to human passage along with the existence of trans‐Mediterranean interchanges. Two specific Alu/STR combinations—CD4 110(−) and DM 107(−)—detected in all North African samples, the Iberian Peninsula, Greece, Turkey, and some Mediterranean islands suggest an ancient genetic background of current Mediterranean peoples. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable isotope analysis of modern human hair collected from Asia (China, India, Mongolia, and Pakistan)
Authors: Thompson A.H. , Chesson L.A. , Podlesak D.W. , Bowen G.J. , Cerling T.E. , Ehleringer J.R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe report isotopic data (δ2H, δ18O n = 196; δ13C, δ15N n = 142; δ34S n = 85) from human hair and drinking water (δ2H, δ18O n = 67) collected across China, India, Mongolia, and Pakistan. Hair isotope ratios reflected the large environmental isotopic gradients and dietary differences. Geographic information was recorded in H and O and to a lesser extent, S isotopes. H and O data were entered into a recently developed model describing the relationship between the H and O isotope composition of human hair and drinking water in modern USA and pre‐globalized populations. This has anthropological and forensic applications including reconstructing environment and diet in modern and ancient human hair. However, it has not been applied to a modern population outside of the USA, where we expect different diet. Relationships between H and O isotope ratios in drinking water and hair of modern human populations in Asia were different to both modern USA and pre‐globalized populations. However, the Asian dataset was closer to the modern USA than to pre‐globalized populations. Model parameters suggested slightly higher consumption of locally producedfoods in our sampled population than modern USA residents, but lower than pre‐globalized populations. The degree of in vivo amino acid synthesis was comparable to both the modern USA and pre‐globalized populations. C isotope ratios reflected the predominantly C3‐based regional agriculture and C4 consumption in northernChina. C, N, and S isotope ratios supported marine food consumption in some coastal locales. N isotope ratios suggested a relatively low consumption of animal‐derived products compared to western populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A genetic historical sketch of European Gypsies: The perspective from autosomal markers
Authors: Gusmão Alfredo , Valente Cristina , Gomes Verónica , Alves Cíntia , Amorim António , Prata Maria João , Gusmão Leonor 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn this study, 123 unrelated Portuguese Gypsies were analyzed for 15 highly polymorphic autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs). Average gene diversity across the 15 markers was 76.7%, which is lower than that observed in the non‐Gypsy Portuguese population. Subsets of STRs were used to perform comparisons with other Gypsy and corresponding host populations. Interestingly, diversity reduction in Gypsy groups compared to their non‐Gypsy surrounding populations apparently varied according to an East‐West gradient, which parallels their dispersion in Europe as well as a decrease in complexity of their internal structure. Analysis of genetic distances revealed that the average level of genetic differentiation between Gypsy groups was much larger than that observed between the corresponding non‐Gypsy populations. The high rate of heterogeneity among Gypsies can be explained by strong genetic drift and limited intergroup gene flow. However, when genetic relationships were addressed through principal component analysis, all Gypsy populations clustered together and was clearly distinguished from other populations, a pattern that suggests their common origin. Concerning the putative ancestral genetic component, admixture analysis did not reveal strong Indian ancestry in the current Gypsy gene pools, in contrast to the high admixture estimates for either Europeans or Western Asians. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral health and the postcontact adaptive transition: A contextual reconstruction of diet in Mórrope, Peru
Authors: Klaus Haagen D. , Tam Manuel E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis work explores the effects of European contact on Andean foodways in the Lambayeque Valley Complex, north coast Peru. We test the hypothesis that Spanish colonization negatively impacted indigenous diet. Diachronic relationships of oral health were examined from the dentitions of 203 late‐pre‐Hispanic and 175 colonial‐period Mochica individuals from Mórrope, Lambayeque, to include observations of dental caries, antemortem tooth loss, alveolar inflammation, dental calculus, periodontitis, and dental wear.G‐tests and odds ratio analyses across six age classes indicate a range of statistically significant postcontact increases in dental caries, antemortem tooth loss, and dental calculus prevalence. These findings are associated with ethnohistoric contexts that point to colonial‐era economic reorganization which restricted access to multiple traditional food sources. We infer that oral health changes reflect creative Mochica cultural adjustments to dietary shortfalls through the consumption of a greater proportion of dietary carbohydrates. Simultaneously, independent skeletal indicators of biological stress suggest that these adjustments bore a cost in increased nutritional stress. Oral health appears to have been systematically worse among colonial women. We rule out an underlying biological cause (female fertility variation) and suggest that the establishment of European gender ideologies and divisions of labor possibly exposed colonial Mochica women to a more cariogenic diet. Overall, dietary change in Mórrope appears shaped by local responses to a convergence of colonial Spanish economic agendas, landscape transformation, and social changes during the postcontact transition in northern Peru. These findings also further the understandings of dietary and biocultural histories of the Western Hemisphere. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Singular fiber of the Mumford system and rational solutions to the KdV hierarchy
Authors: Inoue Rei , Yamazaki Takao , Vanhaecke Pol 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe study the singular isolevel manifold Mg(0) of the genus g Mumford system associated to the spectral curve y2 = x2g + 1. We show that Mg(0) is stratified by g + 1 open subvarieties of additive algebraic groups of dimension 0, 1, …, g, and we give an explicit description of Mg(0) in terms of the compactification of the generalized Jacobian. As a consequence, we obtain an effective algorithm to compute rational solutions to the genus g Mumford system, which is closely related to rational solutions of the KdV hierarchy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The spatial and temporal variability of groundwater recharge in a forested basin in northern Wisconsin
Authors: Dripps W. R. , Bradbury K. R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractRecharge varies spatially and temporally as it depends on a wide variety of factors (e.g. vegetation, precipitation, climate, topography, geology, and soil type), making it one of the most difficult, complex, and uncertain hydrologic parameters to quantify. Despite its inherent variability, groundwater modellers, planners, and policy makers often ignore recharge variability and assume a single average recharge value for an entire watershed. Relatively few attempts have been made to quantify or incorporate spatial and temporal recharge variability into water resource planning or groundwater modelling efforts. In this study, a simple, daily soil–water balance model was developed and used to estimate the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater recharge of the Trout Lake basin of northern Wisconsin for 1996–2000 as a means to quantify recharge variability. For the 5 years of study, annual recharge varied spatially by as much as 18 cm across the basin; vegetation was the predominant control on this variability. Recharge also varied temporally with a threefold annual difference over the 5‐year period. Intra‐annually, recharge was limited to a few isolated events each year and exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern. The results suggest that ignoring recharge variability may not only be inappropriate, but also, depending on the application, may invalidate model results and predictions for regional and local water budget calculations, water resource management, nutrient cycling, and contaminant transport studies. Recharge is spatially and temporally variable, and should be modelled as such. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predicting discharge and sediment for the Abay (Blue Nile) with a simple model
Authors: Steenhuis Tammo S. , Collick Amy S. , Easton Zachary M. , Leggesse Elias S. , Bayabil Haimonote K. , White Eric D. , Awulachew Seleshi B. , Adgo Enyew , Ahmed Abdassalam Abdalla 
Published: November 2009

AbstractModels accurately representing the underlying hydrological processes and sediment dynamics in the Nile Basin are necessary for optimum use of water resources. Previous research in the Abay (Blue Nile) has indicated that direct runoff is generated either from saturated areas at the lower portions of the hillslopes or from areas of exposed bedrock. Thus, models that are based on infiltration excess processes are not appropriate. Furthermore, many of these same models are developed for temperate climates and might not be suitable for monsoonal climates with distinct dry periods in the Nile Basin. The objective of this study is to develop simple hydrology and erosion models using saturation excess runoff principles and interflow processes appropriate for a monsoonal climate and a mountainous landscape. We developed a hydrology model using a water balance approach by dividing the landscape into variable saturated areas, exposed rock and hillslopes. Water balance models have been shown to simulate river flows well at intervals of 5 days or longer when the main runoff mechanism is saturation excess. The hydrology model was developed and coupled with an erosion model using available precipitation and potential evaporation data and a minimum of calibration parameters. This model was applied to the Blue Nile. The model predicts direct runoff from saturated areas and impermeable areas (such as bedrock outcrops) and subsurface flow from the remainder of the hillslopes. The ratio of direct runoff to total flow is used to predict the sediment concentration by assuming that only the direct runoff is responsible for the sediment load in the stream. There is reasonable agreement between the model predictions and the 10‐day observed discharge and sediment concentration at the gauging station on Blue Nile upstream of Rosaries Dam at the Ethiopia–Sudan border. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of harvest time on essential oil composition, phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties of Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.)
Authors: Ozkan Gulcan , Baydar Hasan , Erbas Sabri 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to determine essential oil composition, phenolic constituents and antioxidant properties of Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.) leaves harvested during the months of June to September.RESULT: The maximum essential oil yield in the leaves appeared in the middle of July. The main components of oregano oil were carvacrol, thymol, γ‐terpinene, p‐cymene, α‐terpinene and α‐pinene. Carvacrol was highest in the July harvest. The maximum extract yield was found in September. Oil distilled from early‐season (June) harvested leaves had the highest antioxidant ability, expressed as low concentration providing 50% inhibition of free radical scavenging activity and high levels of reducing/antioxidant capacity. Twelve phenolic compounds of oregano extract were identified and the main components were found to be rosmarinic acid and acecetin. The maximum rosmarinic acid and acecetin were found in harvests of July and June, respectively. Total phenolic contents, free radical scavenging activities and reducing/antioxidant capacities were found to be highest in the July harvest.DISCUSSION: All yields, chemical compositions, free radical scavenging activities and reducing/antioxidant capacities of extracts and essential oils of Turkish oregano changed importantly depending on vegetative periods of growing season. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry