bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phototherapy for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Krespi Yosef P. , Kizhner Victor 
Published: February 2011

AbstractObjectivesNear‐infrared laser illumination (NILI), with or without photo‐activated (PA) agents, has bactericidal and wound healing promoting effects. NILI may have a potential role managing chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsA prospective randomized study with 23 symptomatic post‐surgical CRS patients with positive cultures was conducted. Two groups (GR1 and GR2) were treated with NILI. Objective nasal endoscopic scoring (NES) was elaborated. GR1 was treated with a 940 nm laser, while GR2 was treated with a topical PA agent, indocyanine‐green, followed with 810 nm laser. SNOT20 scores, NES, and cultures were obtained prior to illumination. Saccharin test was performed 1 week following treatment.ResultsSome cultures remained positive through treatment, with Staph. aureus predominating. Both therapy arms demonstrated clinical efficacy. The SNOT20 score change was 0.9, 0.8 for GR1 and GR2, respectively (P < 0.05). Improvement (P < 0.05) was observed based on NES. No significant difference was observed between two treatment groups. All passed the saccharin test. Therapeutic effect was sustained for a minimum of 2 months. Side effects were minimal.ConclusionsNILI was objectively and subjectively beneficial in managing CRS, safe, reproducible, sustained and appeared not to interfere with ciliary motility. CRS exacerbation was avoided without using antibiotics or steroids. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:187–191, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurements of fluorine depth‐profiles on TiAl turbine blades using ion beam analytical techniques
Authors: Neve S. , Masset P. J. , Zschau H.‐E. , Schütze M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIntermetallic TiAl alloys are foreseen to substitute Ni‐based alloys in several high‐temperature applications such as turbine blades for aeronautics. Because of their low density the mass of these components could be reduced by half. However, a mixed oxide scale of TiO2 and Al2O3 which provides no oxidation protection is growing at temperatures above 700 °C. By means of the halogen‐effect the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of TiAl alloys can be improved by orders of magnitude. Therefore fluorine was introduced into turbine blades using two different chemical fluorination methods. The application of a fluorine treatment promotes the growth of a pure and dense alumina scale which prevents the alloy from increased oxidation. In previous work it has been shown that an appropriate fluorine content after oxidation and its location beneath the surface are indicators of a successful fluorine effect. In the present work, the fluorine content was measured before and after oxidation of TNB alloy as a function of depth by using proton induced gamma‐ray emission (PIGE) in a specially designed vacuum chamber at the 2.5 MV van‐de‐Graaff accelerator at the IKF. Additionally, composition and thickness of the oxide scale was determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). The ion beam techniques are non‐destructive and thus offer a method for quality assurance of the halogen treatment.
The effect of Ca on corrosion behavior of heat‐treated Mg–Al–Zn alloy
Authors: Wang Y.‐Q. , Li M.‐Z. , Li C. , Li X.‐Y. , Fan L.‐Q. , Jia T. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effect of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% Ca additions on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the heat‐treated Mg–Al–Zn alloy was investigated. Addition of 0.5 wt% Ca did not form any new phase but suppressed the discontinuous precipitation of the β‐Mg17Al12 phase by being dissolved in both the second phase and magnesium matrix. In the materials containing higher amounts of Ca, however, metallographic investigation shows that Ca added to Mg–Al–Zn can obviously decrease the size of β‐Mg17Al12 and forms Al4Ca intermetallic compounds in the shape of bone‐like morphology. The corrosion tests used include constant immersion technique, and potentiodynamic polarization experiments and salt spray test. Surface examination and analytical studies were carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy, EDX, and XRD. The results of corrosion tests show that magnesium alloy Mg–Al–Zn with 1.0 wt% Ca addition has the best corrosion resistance behavior.
Study of overheating effects in SiGe‐based p‐type heterostructures: Methods of the hole temperature determination
Authors: Berkutov I. B. , Andrievskii V. V. , Komnik Y. F. , Mironov O. A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe effect of charge carrier overheating is studied in the p‐type Si/Si0.87Ge0.13/Si heterostructure. The hole temperature Th can be calculated using three different methods: From a comparison of the changes in the amplitude of the Shubnikov‐de Haas oscillations under the influences of temperature and current, from a comparison of the change of phase relaxation time in the weak localization effect obtained at different temperatures and minimum current and at a given temperature but at different values of current, and from a comparison of the temperature and current dependence of the sample resistance. The temperature dependences values of Th obtained using three different methods were identical and exhibit transition of the two‐dimensional system under study from the regime of “partial inelasticity” to that of small angle scattering at temperature lowering.Die Überhitzung der Ladungsträger wurde in p‐Typ Si/Si 0.87 Ge 0.13/Si Heterostrukturen untersucht. Die Lochtemperatur Th kann mit drei unterschiedlichen Methoden berechnet werden: Durch den Vergleich der Amplitudenänderungen der Shubnikov‐de Haas Oszillationen unter den Einflüssen von Temperatur und Stromstärke, durch den Vergleich der Änderung der Phasenrelaxationszeit im schwachen Lokalisierungseffekt bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen, minimaler Stromstärke und bei gegebener Temperatur und unterschiedlicher Stromstärke, sowie durch den Vergleich die Abhängigkeit des Probenwiderstandes von Temperatur‐ und Stromstärke. Die Werte der Temperaturabhängigkeit von Th, die nach drei verschiedenen Methoden erhalten wurden, waren identisch und zeigten einen Übergang des betrachteten zweidimensionalen Systems vom Bereich der “partiellen Inelastizität” zur Kleinwinkelstreuung bei tieferer Temperatur.
One‐dimensional magnetophotonic crystals based on double‐layer Bi‐substituted iron garnet films
Authors: Berzhansky V. N. , Shaposhnikov A. N. , Prokopov A. R. , Karavainikov A.V. , Mikhailova T. V. , Semuk E. Y. , Sharipova M. I. , Dolgova T. V. , Fedyanin A. A. , Kotov V. A. , Golub V. O. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractIn the present work the fabrication process and properties of periodic one‐dimensional magnetophotonic crystal GGG (111)/M1/SiO2/[M2/M1/SiO2]4 in which as magnetic active layers were used double‐layer Bi‐substituted iron garnet films with high (Bi2.8Y0.2Fe5O12 : M1) and low (Bi1.0Y0.5Gd1.5Fe4.2.Al0.8O12 : M2) bismuth content were described. The Faraday effect and the parameters of ferromagnetic resonance were measured at different stages of magnetophotonic crystal formation. The theoretical and experimental magnetophotonic crystal transmission spectra displayed three photonic band gaps in the wavelength range of 450–1800 nm. The Faraday effect enhancement at the vicinity of the second photonic band gap at wavelength 710 nm was 2.6 times in comparison with combined (M1 + M2) layer and the effective value of Faraday rotation at the same wavelength reached –6.7°/μm.Diese Arbeit beschreibt das Herstellungsverfahren und die Eigenschaften von periodischen eindimensionalen magnetophotonischen Kristallen GGG (111)/M1/SiO2/[M2/M1/SiO2]4 mit einer magnetoaktiven Schicht aus Doppelschicht‐Bismut‐substituierten Ferritgranat‐Filmen mit niedrigem (Bi1.0Y0.5Gd1.5Fe4.2.Al0.8O12 : M2) und hohen (Bi2.8Y0.2Fe5O12 : M1) Gehalt an Bismut. Der Faraday‐Effekt und die Parameter der ferromagnetischen Resonanz wurden in verschiedenen Stadien der Magnetophotonenkristallbildung gemessen. Theoretische und experimentelle Transmissionsspektren des Magnetophotonenkristalle zeigen drei photonische Bandlücken im Wellenlängenbereich von 450–1800 nm. Der Faraday‐Effekt in der zweiten photonische Bandlücke bei einer Wellenlänge von 750 nm ist 2,6 mal größer als in der kombinierten (M1 + M2) Schicht. Der spezifische Wert der Faraday‐Rotation auf der gleichen Wellenlänge erreicht –6,7°/μm.
Mixed magnetic state of sodium‐doped manganites and its transformation in the course of para‐ to ferromagnetic transition
Authors: Dzyublyuk V. V. , Tovstolytkin A. I. , Pogorily A. M. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe features of the transformation of the mixed magnetic state in the course of a para‐ to ferromagnetic transition have been specified for the thin films of sodium‐doped lanthanum manganites, by means of electron spin resonance measurements. It was found that the process of the ferromagnetic phase nucleation is spatially non‐uniform and includes a few successive stages upon lowering temperature. At the first step, the regions with a shape close to oblate spheroids are formed in a paramagnetic matrix. The next step includes the formation of the spheroids elongated perpendicular to a film plane, and finally, all these entities merge together to form continuous ferromagnetic regions. It is concluded that the second kind of ferromagnetic nuclei is likely to be related to the isolated crystallites, which are characterized by weakened exchange interactions.Die Umwandlung gemischter magnetischer Zustände von Natrium‐dotierten Manganiten im Hinblick auf den Übergang von Para‐ zu Ferromagnetismus wurde an dünnen Filmen aus Natrium‐dotierten Lanthanmanganiten mittels Elektronspin‐Resonanz untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, dass der Prozess der ferromagnetischen Phasennukleation räumlich nicht einheitlich ist und einige schrittweise Stufen bei niedrigeren Temperaturen einschließt. Bei der ersten Stufe werden die Regionen mit einer Form nahe an abgeflachten Sphäroiden in einer paramagnetischen Matrix geformt. Die nächste Stufe schließt die Bildung von Sphäroiden ein, die gestreckt in Richtung der Filmebene sind. Schließlich verschmelzen diese Formen und bilden kontinuierliche ferromagnetische Regionen. Die zweite Art der ferromagnetischen Kerne ist wahrscheinlich mit den isolierten Kristalliten verbunden, die durch eine schwache Austauschwechselwirkung charakterisiert sind.
Low‐frequency two‐phonon modes step‐like dispersion in resonance raman scattering of single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Gubanov V.O. , Biliy M.M. , Rozhylo O.V. , Strelchuk V.V. , Nikolenko A.S. , Valakh M.Y. , Prylutskyy Y.I. , Ritter U. , Scharff P. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) synthesized by the arc‐discharge method were investigated by Raman spectroscopy in detail. In particular, the sharp peaks in (200.–400) cm–1 spectral range of SWCNT, associated with low‐frequency two‐phonon modes, arising from flexural 2D graphite (graphene) ZO‐ (optical branch) and ZA‐ (acoustical branch) modes, have been firstly observed.Einwandige Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes, SWCNT), hergestellt im Lichtbogenverfahren, wurden mit Raman‐spektroskopischen Methoden detailliert untersucht. Erstmals wurden zwischen 200–400 cm–1 im Raman Spektrum zwei scharfe Peaks bei der Untersuchung von SWCNT gefunden. Die Peaks sind verbunden mit der niedrigfrequenten zwei‐Phononen‐Mode und resultieren aus den 2D‐Graphit (Graphene) Moden ZO (optischer Zweig) und ZA (akustischer Zweig).
Comparative study on protection properties of anionic surfactants (SDS, SDBS) and DNA covering of single‐walled carbon nanotubes against pH influence: luminescence and absorption spectroscopy study
Authors: Karachevtsev V.A. , Glamazda A.Y. , Plokhotnichenko A.M. , Leontiev V.S. , Linnik A.S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe pH effect on luminescence and absorption spectra of semiconducting Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) (produced by CoMoCAT® method) covered with anionic surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)) or DNA in aqueous solutions have been studied in visible and near‐infrared (NIR) ranges. With lowering pH from 11 till 3 the emission intensity of SWNTs decreases, the largest luminescence quenching was observed with nanotubes covered by SDS intensity of which dropped by 95% and the smallest one occurred in SWNTs covered by SDBS, which decreased by 35%. The absorption intensity of the most intensive band corresponding to (6,5) nanotube (E11S transition) covered by SDBS or DNA changes weakly in the range ph = 3–11, however, in SDS surrounding the intensity of this band is reduced essentially. This observation indicated that SDBS protection ability of SWNT against pH influence is more significant compared to that of SDS. DNA takes the intermediate position among surfactants studied. The possible reason of such pH influence on optical properties of SWNTs in different surfactants or polymer surrounding is discussed.Der Einfluss des pH‐Wertes auf die Lumineszenz‐ und Absorption‐Spektren von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (CNT) (synthetisiert nach der CoMoCat Methode), die mit anionische Tensiden(SDBS oder SDS) oder DNA bedeckt sind, in wässriger Suspension wurde im sichtbaren Bereich und Nahinfrarotbereich untersucht. Bei Verringerung des pH‐Wertes von 11 bis auf 3 vermindert sich die Leuchtstärke der CNTs, wobei die größte Lumineszenzlöschung (um 95%) bei Nanoröhren mit SDS‐Funktionalisierung Beschichtung beobachtet wurde. Die geringste Lumineszenzlöschung (um 35%) wurde bei Nanoröhren mit SDBS‐Beschichtung beobachtet. Der Absorptionsgrad der intensiveren Bande, der einer (6,5)‐Nanoröhre mit SDBS‐ bzw. DNA‐Beschichtung entspricht (E11S‐Übergang), änderte sich wenig im pH‐Wert‐Bereich von 3 bis 11. Bei einer SDS‐Funktionalisierung sank die Intensität dieser Bande. Diese Beobachtung zeigt, dass SDBS den Einfluss des pH‐Wertes wesentlich besser zurückdrängen kann als SDS. DNA nimmt dabei einen Mittelwert ein. Mögliche Ursachen des Einflusses des pH‐Wertes auf die optische Eigenschaften der CNTs bei Beschichtung mit verschiedenen Tensiden oder Polymeren werden diskutiert.
Electrophoretic deposition of calcium phosphate nanoparticles on a nanostructured silicon surface
Authors: Epple M. , Neumeier M. , Dörr D. , LeHarzic R. , Sauer D. , Stracke F. , Zimmermann H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractNanostructured silicon surfaces were electrophoretically coated with calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Positively charged calcium phosphate nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation and then functionalized with poly(ethyleneimine). This permits the electrophoretic deposition on a conductive surface from a dispersion in 2‐propanol. The following parameters affected the deposition of the nanoparticles: The deposition potential, the deposition time, and the deposition temperature.Nanostrukturierte Silicium‐Oberflächen wurden elektrophoretisch mit Calciumphosphat‐Nanopartikeln beschichtet. Die positiv geladenen Calciumphosphat‐Nanopartikel wurden durch Fällung und anschließende Funktionalisierung mit Poly(ethylenimin) hergestellt. Dies erlaubt die elektrophoretische Abscheidung aus der Dispersion in 2‐Propanol. Der Einfluss der Parameter Spannung, Zeit und Temperatur auf die Abscheidung wurde untersucht.
Controlled reduction of palladium nanoparticles on surface of chemically modified silicas
Authors: Ivashchenko N. , Tertykh V. , Yanishpolskii V. , Khainakov S. , Dikhtiarenko A. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe reduction of palladium ions by silicon hydride groups grafted to the surface of silica matrices was applied for the synthesis of palladium‐containing nanocomposites. Ordered mesoporous silicas, such as MCM‐41 and SBA‐15, along with silochrom type silica were used as supports for palladium nanoparticles in order to obtain encapsulated in pores metal particles. The synthesized nanocomposites have been studied by IR‐spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption and transmission electron microscopy.Die Reduktion von Palladiumionen durch Siliciumhydrid‐Gruppen an der Oberfläche einer Silikatmatrix wurde für die Synthese von Palladium‐haltigen Nanokompositen eingesetzt. Geordnete mesoporöse Silikate wie MCM‐41 oder SBA‐15 wurden gemeinsam mit silochromen Silikattypen als Träger für die Palladiumnanopartikel genutzt, um sie in Metallporen einzuschließen. Die synthetisierten Nanopartikel wurden mit IR‐Spektroskopie, Röntgenbeugung, Tieftemperaturstickstoffadsorption und Transmissionselektronen‐Mikroskopie untersucht.
Estimation of the dispersion error in the numerical wave number of standard and stabilized finite element approximations of the Helmholtz equation
Authors: Steffens Lindaura Maria , Parés Núria , Díez Pedro 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn estimator for the error in the wave number is presented in the context of finite element approximations of the Helmholtz equation. The proposed estimate is an extension of the ideas introduced in Steffens and D'ıez (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engng 2009; 198:1389–1400). In the previous work, the error assessment technique was developed for standard Galerkin approximations. Here, the methodology is extended to deal also with stabilized approximations of the Helmholtz equation. Thus, the accuracy of the stabilized solutions is analyzed, including also their sensitivity to the stabilization parameters depending on the mesh topology. The procedure builds up an inexpensive approximation of the exact solution, using post‐processing techniques standard in error estimation analysis, from which the estimate of the error in the wave number is computed using a simple closed expression. The recovery technique used in Steffens and Díez (Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engng 2009; 198:1389–1400) is based in a polynomial least‐squares fitting. Here a new recovery strategy is introduced, using exponential (in a complex setup, trigonometric) local approximations respecting the nature of the solution of the wave problem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite element approximation of transmission conditions in fluids and solids introducing boundary subgrid scales
Authors: Codina Ramon , Baiges Joan 
Published: February 2011

AbstractTerms involving jumps of stresses on boundaries are proposed for the finite element approximation of the Stokes problem and the linear elasticity equations. These terms are designed to improve the transmission conditions between subdomains at three different levels, namely, between the element domains, between the interfaces in homogeneous domain interaction problems and at the interface between the fluid and the solid in fluid–structure interaction problems. The benefits in each case are respectively the possibility of using discontinuous pressure interpolations in a stabilized finite element approximation of the Stokes problem, a stronger enforcement of the stress continuity in homogeneous domain decomposition problems and a considerable improvement of the behavior of iterative schemes to couple the fluid and the solid in fluid–structure integration algorithms. The motivation to introduce these terms stems from a decomposition of the unknown into a conforming and a non‐conforming part, a hybrid formulation for the latter and a simple approximation for the unknowns involved in the hybrid problem. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of high‐order curved finite elements
Authors: Sevilla Ruben , Fernández‐Méndez Sonia , Huerta Antonio 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSeveral finite element techniques used in domains with curved boundaries are discussed and compared, with particular emphasis in two issues: the exact boundary representation of the domain and the consistency of the approximation. The influence of the number of integration points on the accuracy of the computation is also studied. Two‐dimensional numerical examples, solved with continuous and discontinuous Galerkin formulations, are used to test and compare all these methodologies. In every example shown, the recently proposed NURBS‐enhanced finite element method (NEFEM) provides the maximum accuracy for a given spatial discretization, at least one order of magnitude more accurate than classical isoparametric finite element method (FEM). Moreover, NEFEM outperforms Cartesian FEM and p‐FEM, stressing the importance of the geometrical model as well as the relevance of a consistent approximation in finite element simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential expression of adipose tissue proteins between obesity‐susceptible and ‐resistant rats fed a high‐fat diet
Authors: Joo Jeong In , Oh Tae Seok , Kim Dong Hyun , Choi Duk Kwon , Wang Xia , Choi Jung‐Won , Yun Jong Won 
Published: February 2011

AbstractOne of the major questions in the field of obesity is why some humans become obese (obesity prone, OP) and others resist the development of obesity (obesity resistant, OR) when exposed to a high‐calorie diet, which has not been completely studied. Therefore, in the present study, in order to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying this propensity, we have performed a comparative analysis of protein expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) of rats fed a high‐fat diet by 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Protein mapping of homogenates revealed significant alterations to a number of proteins; 60 and 70 proteins were differentially regulated in BAT and WAT, respectively. For careful interpretation of proteomic results, we categorized the identified proteins into two groups by analysis of both average spot density of pooled six rat adipose tissues and individual spot density of each adipose tissue of six rats as a function of body weight. One of the most striking findings of this study was that significant changes of Ehd1 and laminin receptor in BAT as well as antiquitin, DJ‐1 protein, and paraoxonase 2 in WAT were found for the first time in obese rats. In addition, we confirmed the increased expression of some thermogenic enzymes and decreased lipogenic enzymes in adipose tissues of OR rats by immunoblot analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first proteomic study of profiling of protein modulation in OP and OR rats, thereby providing the first global evidence for different propensities to obesity between OP and OR rats.
Measuring disease burden in the older population using the slope‐intercept method for population log‐linear estimation (SIMPLE)
Authors: Cohen Steven A. , Chui Kenneth K. H. , Naumova Elena N. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractEstimating disease burden in the older
population can be problematic, due to a dearth of measurements that take into
account population dynamics, small population sizes, and age‐related disease
distribution issues. Age itself explains a substantial amount of the variability
in population disease rates. However, in many common techniques to account
for age, such as age standardization and age categorization, age is treated as
a nuisance parameter. In this paper, we present a method, the slope‐intercept
method for population log‐linear estimation (SIMPLE), to assess disease burden in the Medicare population of the US. We demonstrate the utility and potential
limitations of this straightforward and crude method in assessing age‐related
morbidity, mortality, and case‐fatality on multiple geographic levels. We highlight several examples of when this measure is most applicable using examples
abstracted from a comprehensive administrative database of hospitalizations in
older adults. Traditional measurements of disease burden are compared with the
measurements extracted from this modeling method for comparison purposes.
We also present spatial and temporal associations between the two measurements the SIMPLE method produces. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.