bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem behaviours of middle school students in eastern China and its associated factors
Authors: Chang W‐W. , Su H. , Wang J. , Wang C‐C. , Shan X‐W. , Han Q. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the problem behaviours of middle school students and its associated factors in Anhui province of China, and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting early health education.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted and 4235 middle school students were measured by Prediction Test of Problem Children, Family Environment Scale – Chinese Version, Simple Coping Style Questionnaire, Psychological Sense of School Membership and general state questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of problem behaviours in our sample was 4.5%. Using binary logistic regression analysis, we found that family environment, school belonging, coping style, relationship with mother and classmate relationship were associated with problem behaviours of middle school students.ConclusionsPoor family environment, poor sense of school belonging, passive acting style were significantly correlated with problem behaviours. There is an urgent need to improve problem behaviours through collaboration among families, schools and society.
The osteoclast, bone remodelling and treatment of metabolic bone disease
Authors: Boyce Brendan F. , Rosenberg Elizabeth , de Papp Anne E. , Duong Le T. 
Published: August 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (12): 1332–1341AbstractBackground  Bone remodelling maintains skeletal integrity by osteoclasts removing foci of damaged bone and osteoblasts replacing them with new bone. Diseases associated with increased bone resorption have increased remodelling often with inadequate bone formation and increased risk of fracture. New therapies are needed for these diseases to reduce resorption and increase formation.Design  The molecular mechanisms regulating osteoclast and osteoblast functions have become better understood in the past 20 years and have led to questioning of the long‐held notion that osteoblastic cells have the dominant regulatory role over osteoclastic cells in bone remodelling. Here, we review current knowledge of how osteoclast formation and functions are regulated and describe how enhanced understanding of these has led to development of new drugs for the management of common bone diseases characterized by increased bone resorption.Results  Osteoclast formation and functions are regulated by cytokines, especially receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage‐colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF). The differentiation, activity and lifecycle of osteoclasts are regulated in part by other cells that reside within the bone. These include osteoblasts, osteocytes and immune cells, which express these cytokines in response to most factors that promote bone resorption. RANKL and M‐CSF activate numerous signalling pathways, which are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Importantly, osteoclastic cells also function as positive and negative regulators of osteoblastic bone formation.Conclusions  There are multiple targets within osteoclasts for pharmacologic intervention to prevent bone loss in osteoporosis and other resorptive bone diseases. However, novel therapies could also affect osteoblastic cell functions.
Predicting interactions between recolonising marine mammals and fisheries: defining precautionary management
Authors: Augé A. A. , Moore A. B. , Chilvers B. L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractInteractions between fisheries and marine mammals have created costly and unresolved issues throughout the world. This study examines the spatial and resource overlaps between recolonising New Zealand sea lions, Phocarctos hookeri (Grey) (using satellite tracking) and local fisheries (using spatio‐temporal catch database) on the Otago coast, New Zealand. Around Otago, spatial and resource overlaps existed year‐round and it is predicted that incidental deaths in fishing gear and resource competition may arise as the sea lion population increases. Preventive management methods (e.g. marine protected areas) and monitoring studies (e.g. fish stock assessments) are proposed. The use of precautionary management could ensure sustainable profitable fisheries and successful recolonisation by sea lions around Otago, and it could be used as a case study for other areas with recovering marine mammal populations that interact with fisheries.
Long‐term impacts of introduced flathead catfish on native ictalurids in a north Florida, USA, river
Authors: Dobbins D. A. , Cailteux R. L. , Midway S. R. , Leone E. H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIntroduction of flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris (Rafinesque), in waters of the USA has been widespread and often with negative impacts. Flathead catfish have been collected in Florida waters since the 1980s, and this study documents their impact on native fishes shortly after establishment. Four sites in the Choctawhatchee River, Florida, were sampled from 1997 to 2011, a time period spanning several years before and after the presence of flathead catfish at all sites. Flathead catfish expanded more than 91 river km in 2 years. The population increased rapidly and became the numerically dominant ictalurid at each site within 3 years of first detection at the site. Concurrent with the increases in flathead catfish was the precipitous decline of the native spotted bullhead, Ameiurus serracanthus (Yerger & Relyea). Electric fishing catch rates of flathead catfish significantly increased (P < 0.03) over time at all sites, while spotted bullhead catch rates significantly declined (P < 0.03) at three of four sites. Catch rates of flathead catfish and spotted bullhead were negatively correlated at all but the last site to be colonised by flathead catfish. This study provides evidence that introduced flathead catfish can quickly and significantly impact native ictalurids.
Sediment accumulation predicts the distribution of a unionid mussel (Elliptio complanata) in nearshore areas of a Canadian Shield lake
Authors: CYR HÉLÈNE , STORISTEANU DANIEL M. L. , RIDGWAY MARK S. 
Published: August 2012

Summary1. The importance of native freshwater mussels for ecosystem processes depends on their density, size distribution and activity. In lakes, many of the factors that affect mussels (fish hosts, habitat, food) could be directly or indirectly related to wind‐driven physical processes.2. We tested whether the abundance and size of Elliptio complanata in the shallow, nearshore areas of a medium‐sized lake were related to site exposure, substratum type and fish distribution. To disentangle some of the correlated variables known to affect mussel distribution, we used paired exposed and sheltered sampling sites along the 7‐km fetch of the lake basin.3. The distribution of sediment characteristics in nearshore areas was highly predictable. The mean depth of accumulated soft sediments decreased with increasing fetch at wind‐exposed sites, but increased with increasing fetch at sheltered sites. Sediments were deeper along the main shoreline than around islands. Deeper sediments tended to be finer and higher in silt content and organic fraction.4. The density and proportion of juvenile mussels along the main shoreline varied in a unimodal way with sediment depth. These results suggest that wind‐driven physical forces affect the transport of young juveniles to sediment depositional areas and create sediment conditions that influence their growth and survival. In contrast, the proportion of juvenile mussels around islands was not related to sediment characteristics, but decreased with remoteness of the island, suggesting that the distribution of juvenile mussels may be limited by fish movements. These results are tentative since they do not include buried juvenile mussels.5. We also found a unimodal relationship between total mussel density (juveniles and adults) and sediment depth but, in contrast to the relationship for juveniles only, it applied to all sites with soft sediments, including islands. We conclude that factors related to sediment depth affect the growth and survival of adult mussels around islands and that these factors are strong enough to modify the pattern of distribution established via dispersal during earlier life stages.6. The mean shell length of adults at different sites within the lake basin ranged from 60 to 85 mm. Mussel shell length decreased with increasing fetch at sites exposed to the prevalent winds, but was relatively constant on the sheltered side of peninsulas and islands. The size of unionid mussels in different parts of the lake seems to be determined both by their exposure to physical forces and by sediments.7. The local distribution of E. complanata is determined, directly and indirectly, by wind‐driven forces. These processes are likely to be important for other benthic organisms affected by similar habitat conditions (e.g. sediment characteristics, physical disturbance).
Spontaneous obturator internus muscle haematoma: a new unpublished cause of ilioipelvic pain in haemophilia
Authors: Aouba A. , Breton S. , Harroche A. , Sy‐Bah D. , Torchet M.‐F. , Frenzel L. , Lasne D. , Padovani J.‐P. , Odent T. , Rothschild C. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryObturator muscles haematoma are rarely reported. The most often reported cases are primary pyomyositis or posttraumatic haematomas occurring during pelvic fractures. We firstly report herein two cases of spontaneous obturator internus haematoma (OIH) in two haemophiliacs with inhibitor. Clinical data and imaging of two patients treated in our clinic are reported here according to previously defined criteria of OIH in posttraumatic situation. Both patients were children suffering from severe and moderate haemophilia A, respectively, with an inhibitor at the time of the event. The clinical feature was marked by an iliopelvic pain letting discussing hip haemarthrosis, appendicitis or iliopsoas haematoma. For both patients ultrasonography (US) failed to provide the diagnosis. Careful and repeated clinical examinations eventually lead to suspect obturator haematoma which was confirmed by abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Respectively, high dose of FVIII or rFVIIa regimen allowed a rapid control of the muscular bleeding in the low and high responder inhibitor patients. Spontaneous OIH may be added to the differential diagnosis of iliopelvic pain in severe forms of haemophilia. US still often performed at first in such case remains unhelpful; abdominopelvic CT or MRI should be performed to discriminate among different diagnoses, including OIH which stays probably undiagnosed.
Effectiveness of the ‘sleep enhancement’ nursing intervention in hospitalized mental health patients
Authors: Laguna‐Parras Juan Manuel , Jerez‐Rojas María Ramona , García‐Fernández Francisco Pedro , Carrasco‐Rodríguez Mª Dolores , Nogales‐Vargas‐Machuca Inmaculada 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo determine the effectiveness of the ‘sleep enhancement’ nursing intervention (Nursing Interventions Classification) in patients hospitalized with mental illness and having a disturbed sleep pattern and to identify the possible effect of psycho‐active medications on this disturbed sleep pattern.DesignA quasi‐experimental pretest‐posttest type study without control group.MethodThe study was conducted in all patients admitted to the mental health inpatient unit of University Hospital of Spain from 1 March 2007–31 May 2008. The effectiveness of the ‘sleep enhancement’ nursing intervention was measured using the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire score and Nursing Outcome Classification sleep scores at admission and discharge. Psycho‐active medication was considered an intervening variable and data were analysed by multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures.ResultsThe study included 291 patients. Consumption of psycho‐active medications did not change between admission and discharge and was not statistically significantly different in the multivariate analysis of variance. Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire and Nursing Outcome Classification sleep scores at admission and discharge demonstrated significant sleep improvement after the nursing intervention.ConclusionThis nursing intervention could be implemented in patients admitted to a mental health inpatient unit with disturbed sleep pattern, regardless of their consumption of psycho‐active medications.
Factors influencing nurses’ decisions to activate medical emergency teams
Authors: Pantazopoulos Ioannis , Tsoni Aikaterini , Kouskouni Evangelia , Papadimitriou Lila , Johnson Elizabeth O , Xanthos Theodoros 
Published: August 2012

Aims and objectives.  To evaluate the relationship between nurse demographics and correct identification of clinical situations warranting specific nursing actions, including activation of the medical emergency team.Background.  If abnormal physiology is left untreated, the patient may develop cardiac arrest. Nurses in general wards are those who perceive any clinical deterioration in patients.Design.  A descriptive, quantitative design was selected.Methods.  An anonymous survey with 13 multiple choice questions was distributed to 150 randomly selected nurses working in general medical and surgical wards of a large tertiary hospital in Athens, Greece. After explanation of the purposes of the study, 94 nurses (response ratio: 62%) agreed to respond to the questionnaire.Results.  Categories with the greatest nursing concern were patients with heart rate < 40/minute, an atypical thoracic pain, foreign body airway obstruction and bronchial secretions, respiratory rate < 5/minute and heart rate = 100/minute. However, almost 50% of nurses were able to accurately identify the critical nursing action for patients with respiratory rate < 4/minute, 72% for patients with airway obstruction and 73% for patients with chest pain. Nurses who had graduated from a four‐year educational programme identified clinical situations that necessitated medical emergency team activation in a significantly higher rate and also scored significantly higher in questions concerning clinical evaluation than nurses who had graduated from a two‐year educational programme.Conclusion.  Activation of the medical emergency team is influenced by factors such as level of education and cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses attendance.Relevance to clinical practice.  Graduating from a four‐year educational programme helps nurses identify emergencies. However, irrespective of the educational programme they have followed, undertaking a basic life support or advanced life support provider course is critical as it helps them identify cardiac or respiratory emergencies.
Evaluation of changes in guidelines for medication management of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lin Fang‐Ju , Lee Todd A. , Wong Pei Shieen , Pickard A. Simon 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines are well‐known international clinical practice guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study was to examine how treatment recommendations and the quality of supporting evidence for pharmacologic management of stable COPD have evolved since the initial guidance issued in 2001.MethodsRecommendations in the 2001 and 2011 GOLD guidelines, along with the evidence grades (i.e. A, B, C, D), were identified and abstracted. We determined the distribution and evolution of recommendations across levels of evidence and treatment categories over time.ResultsThere were 35 and 54 recommendations identified in the 2001 and 2011 guidelines, respectively. Twenty‐six recommendations were common to the 2001 and 2011 guidelines, with eight having the same evidence grade in both versions and three having a grade change (one upgraded and two downgraded). Twenty‐eight new recommendations were added in 2011. Bronchodilators, glucocorticosteroids, and phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors are the classes of pharmacologic treatment with the most prominent changes regarding emerging evidence and the number of recommendations. Approximately 45% of the graded recommendations were supported by well‐designed randomized controlled trials, i.e. grade A.ConclusionsThe GOLD guideline recommendations have changed considerably over the past 11 years, which reflects a dynamic evidence base and perhaps a change in the way guideline developers view the evidence to inform recommendations. Given the large number of recommendations with lower grade levels, there continues to be substantial opportunity to inform gaps in the evidence base with high‐quality studies.
Development of expertise in mental health service provision for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities
Authors: Rutherford Kimberly , McIntyre John , Daley Andrea , Ross Lori E 
Published: August 2012

Medical Education 2012: 46: 903–913Objectives  There are significant health disparities according to sexual orientation and gender identity, particularly in mental health; however, very few mental health professionals specialise in caring for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) communities. The purpose of this study was to explore how providers with LGBT‐focused practices have developed their capacity for working with these populations.Methods  Eight semi‐structured interviews were conducted with practising mental health service providers with extensive experience serving LGBT individuals. Participants represented four professional disciplines: psychiatry (n = 2); social work (n = 3); psychotherapy (n = 2), and psychology (n = 1). The data were analysed for themes that were identified using a descriptive phenomenological approach.Results  All providers self‐identified as members of LGBT communities; however, most agreed that this membership was not necessary to provide supportive, appropriate care for LGBT individuals. Providers described their self‐identity as members of LGBT communities, associated lived experiences and recognition of the need for mental health services that are sensitive to the unique needs of LGBT individuals as influential factors in their career decisions. The lack of training opportunities and resources specific to the provision of LGBT‐sensitive mental health services was highlighted. Provider recommendations included the introduction of mandatory LGBT health content in education curricula that addresses basic LGBT‐related terminology, appropriate interview questions to facilitate the disclosure of sexual orientation and gender identity, information regarding the health impact of heterosexism and homophobia, and specific health care needs of sexual and gender identity minority people.Conclusions  Data from this study suggest there are few opportunities for medical providers to access training and gain expertise in the provision of care to LGBT people. Additional research is needed to consider whether the lack of LGBT health content in medical and psychiatric training programme curricula indirectly contributes to the health disparities experienced by these populations.
What is happening under the surface? Power, conflict and the performance of medical teams
Authors: Janss Rozemarijn , Rispens Sonja , Segers Mien , Jehn Karen A 
Published: August 2012

Medical Education 2012: 46: 838–849Context  The effect of teamwork on team performance is broadly recognised in the medical field. This recognition is manifested in educational programmes in which attention to interpersonal behaviours during teamwork is growing. Conflict and power differences influence interpersonal behaviours and are marked topics in studies of group functioning in the social and organisational psychology literature. Insights from the domain of social sciences put the ongoing improvement of teamwork into broader perspective.Objectives  This paper shows how knowledge from the domain of social and organisational psychology contributes to the understanding of teamwork in the medical environment. More specifically, this paper suggests that unfolding the underlying issues of power and conflict within medical teams can be of extra help in the development of educational interventions aimed at improving team performance.Methods  We review the key social psychology and organisational behaviour literature concerning power and conflict, and relate the insights derived from this to the team process of ad hoc medical action teams.Results  We present a theoretical framework in which insights into power and conflict are used to explain and predict team dynamics in ad hoc medical action teams.Conclusions  Power and conflict strongly influence interpersonal behaviour. Characteristics of medical action teams give rise to all kinds of issues of disagreement and are accompanied by complex issues of intra‐team power distribution. We argue that how team members coordinate, cooperate and communicate is steered by members’ personal motivations, which, in turn, strongly depend on their perceptions of power and conflict. Given the importance of the performance of these teams, we suggest future directions for the development of training interventions building on knowledge and theories derived from social and organisational psychology.
Influences of past climatic changes on historical population structure and demography of a cosmopolitan marine predator, the common dolphin (genus Delphinus)
Authors: Amaral Ana R. , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Bilgmann Kerstin , Freitas Luís , Robertson Kelly M. , Sequeira Marina , Stockin Karen A. , Coelho M. M. , Möller Luciana M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractClimatic oscillations during the Pleistocene have greatly influenced the distribution and connectivity of many organisms, leading to extinctions but also generating biodiversity. While the effects of such changes have been extensively studied in the terrestrial environment, studies focusing on the marine realm are still scarce. Here we used sequence data from one mitochondrial and five nuclear loci to assess the potential influence of Pleistocene climatic changes on the phylogeography and demographic history of a cosmopolitan marine predator, the common dolphin (genus Delphinus). Population samples representing the three major morphotypes of Delphinus were obtained from 10 oceanic regions. Our results suggest that short‐beaked common dolphins are likely to have originated in the eastern Indo‐Pacific Ocean during the Pleistocene and expanded into the Atlantic Ocean through the Indian Ocean. On the other hand, long‐beaked common dolphins appear to have evolved more recently and independently in several oceans. Our results also suggest that short‐beaked common dolphins had recurrent demographic expansions concomitant with changes in sea surface temperature during the Pleistocene and its associated increases in resource availability, which differed between the North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean basins. By proposing how past environmental changes had an effect on the demography and speciation of a widely distributed marine mammal, we highlight the impacts that climate change may have on the distribution and abundance of marine predators and its ecological consequences for marine ecosystems.