bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Arabidopsis and Rice stress genes’ inducible transcription factor confers drought and salinity tolerance to rice
Authors: Datta Karabi , Baisakh Niranjan , Ganguly Moumita , Krishnan Sellapan , Yamaguchi Shinozaki Kazuko , Datta Swapan K. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryRice yield is greatly affected by environmental stresses such as drought and salinity. In response to the challenge of producing rice plants tolerant to these stresses, we introduced cDNA encoding the transcription factors DREB1A and DREB1B under the control of the stress inducible rd29 promoter. Two different indica rice cultivars were used, BR29, an improved commercially cultivated variety from Bangladesh and IR68899B, an IRRI bred maintainer line for hybrid rice. Agrobacterium mediated transformation of BR29 was done independently with DREB1A isolated from rice and Arabidopsis and DREB1B isolated from rice, whereas biolistic transformation was done with rice‐ DREB1B in the case of IR68899B. Initial genetic integration was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Salinity tolerance was assayed in very young seedlings. Drought stress tests were found to be more reliable when they were carried out at the pre‐flowering booting stage. RNA gel blot analysis as well as quantitative PCR analysis was performed to estimate the transcription level under stressed and unstressed conditions. Agronomic performance studies were done with stressed and unstressed plants to compare the yield losses due to dehydration and salt loading stresses. Noticeably enhanced tolerance to dehydration was observed in the plants transformed with DREB1A isolated from Arabidopsis while DREB1B was found to be more effective for salt tolerance.
Adrenal insufficiency following bariatric surgery
Authors: Stephens J. W. , Boregowda K. , Barry J. , Price D. E. , Eyre N. , Baxter J. N. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryA 35‐year‐old woman with morbid obesity and amenorrhoea underwent a bilo‐pancreatic diversion (BPD). Surgery was successful with good weight loss, restoration of menstruation and almost immediately she conceived for the first time. She was commenced on routine vitamin supplements after surgery but failed to attend follow‐up clinic. Five years later, she presented with limb girdle pains, lethargy, night blindness, skin pigmentation, amenorrhoea and dizziness. She had stopped taking supplements prescribed after the surgery. Investigations showed severe vitamin A and D deficiency along with iron and calcium deficiency. Her cholesterol was low at 3.5 mmol L−1. Despite aggressive vitamin replacement, she continued to complain of lethargy and dizziness. Subsequently, three short adrenocorticotropic hormone‐stimulation tests were suboptimal (basal cortisol: 196, 185 and 223 nmol L−1; 30 min cortisol: 421, 453 and 435 nmol L−1). She was subsequently commenced on adrenal replacement and her symptoms resolved and she conceived. We describe for the first time in the literature the unexpected finding of adrenal insufficiency following a BPD.
Government interventions in banking crises: effects of alternative schemes on bank lending and risk taking
Authors: Dietrich Diemo , Hauck Achim 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe analyse the effects of policy measures to stop the fall in loan supply following a banking crisis. We apply a dynamic framework in which a debt overhang induces banks to curtail lending or choose a fragile capital structure. Government assistance conditional on new banking activities, like on new lending or on debt and equity issues, allow banks to influence the scale of assistance and externalise risks, implying overinvestment or excessive risk taking or both. Assistance without reference to new activities, like granting lump sum transfers or establishing bad banks, does not generate adverse incentives, but may have higher fiscal costs.
The Shape of the Income Distribution and Economic Growth – Evidence from Swedish Labor Market Regions
Authors: Rooth Dan‐Olof , Stenberg Anders 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe analyze the association between income inequality and economic growth using 72 labor market regions in Sweden during the period of 1990–2006. Compared with studies of cross‐country data, the regional set‐up reduces problems with omitted variable bias and endogeneity as regions within a country share the same redistributive policies and institutions. Using population register data, highly accurate measures of growth and inequality (gini, Q3, p9075, p5010) are derived. OLS cross‐section and panel estimates imply that inequality between the 90 and 75th percentiles enhances regional growth and that the share of income falling to the third quintile reduces growth. These results no longer hold when we apply regions specific fixed effects and/or system GMM.
Spaces of Conservation of Local Breeds: The Case of Yakutian Cattle
Authors: Soini Katriina , Ovaska Ulla , Kantanen Juha 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe loss of farm animal genetic diversity became a major environmental issue during the course of the twentieth century. Numerous indigenous farm animal breeds have been replaced by commercial breeds alongside the modernisation of agriculture across the world. Indigenous farm animal breeds are mainly raised in marginal agricultural areas. Yakutian cattle are an indigenous Siberian cattle breed in the Russian Far East, which have a low output, but valuable characteristics that confer adaptation to the northern environment. This article identifies and analyses various spaces of conservation of the cattle, examines the power relationships within and between these spaces and discusses their implications for governance. The conservation of Yakutian cattle is embedded in the international agenda, which has been partly adopted by the Russian Federation. However, it is the Republic of Sakha and the Yakutian Institute of Agricultural Research that organise the conservation of Yakutian cattle de facto based on the law. The local communities in the Eveno‐Bytantay district are responsible for practical conservation work in private households and the state [farm] enterprise. We suggest that although the cattle seem to be safeguarded, the current conservation policy does not support sustainable conservation in the long term.
Bullied by peers in childhood and borderline personality symptoms at 11 years of age: A prospective study
Authors: Wolke Dieter , Schreier Andrea , Zanarini Mary C. , Winsper Catherine 
Published: March 2012

Background:  Abuse by adults has been reported as a potent predictor of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Unclear is whether victimisation by peers increases the risk of borderline personality symptoms.Method:  The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective, longitudinal observation study of 6050 mothers and their children. Child bullying was measured by self‐report and mother and teacher report between 4 and 10 years. Family adversity was assessed from pregnancy to 4 years; parenting behaviours from 2 to 7 years, sexual abuse from 1.5 to 9 years, and IQ and DSM‐IV axis I diagnoses at 7 to 8 years. Trained psychologists interviewed children at 11.8 years to ascertain DSM‐IV BPD symptoms (five or more).Results:  Accounting for known confounders, victims of peer bullying had an increased risk of BPD symptoms according to self‐report (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 2.13–3.72); mother report (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.86–3.16); and teacher report (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.34–2.83). Children who reported being chronically bullied (OR, 5.44; 95% CI, 3.86–7.66) or experienced combined relational and overt victimisation (OR, 7.10; 95% CI, 4.79–10.51) had highly increased odds of developing BPD symptoms. Children exposed to chronic victimisation according to mother report were also at heightened risk of developing BPD symptoms (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.24–4.68).Conclusions:  Intentional harm inflicted by peers is a precursor or marker on the trajectory towards the development of BPD symptoms in childhood. Clinicians should be adequately trained to deal with, and ask users of mental health services routinely about, adverse experiences with peers.
Information processing in adolescents with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Whitney Jane , Joormann Jutta , Gotlib Ian H. , Kelley Ryan G. , Acquaye Tenah , Howe Meghan , Chang Kiki D. , Singh Manpreet K. 
Published: March 2012

Background:  Cognitive models of bipolar I disorder (BD) may aid in identification of children who are especially vulnerable to chronic mood dysregulation. Information‐processing biases related to memory and attention likely play a role in the development and persistence of BD among adolescents; however, these biases have not been extensively studied in youth with BD.Methods:  We administered the self‐referent encoding task and the dot‐probe task to adolescents with bipolar I disorder (BD, n = 35) and a demographically similar healthy comparison group (HC, n = 25) at baseline, and at a 1‐year follow‐up in a subset of this cohort (n = 22 per group).Results:  At both baseline and 1‐year follow‐up, there were significant interactions of group (BD, HC) and valence of stimulus (positive, negative adjective) on endorsement and recall of self‐referent adjectives. HC adolescents endorsed and recalled more positive self‐referent adjectives at baseline and follow‐up while adolescents with BD endorsed and recalled more negative self‐referent adjectives at baseline but not follow‐up. Over time, depression symptomatology was associated with impaired memory for positive self‐referent adjectives. There were no group differences in attentional bias at either time points.Conclusions:  Adolescents with BD exhibit bias away from endorsement and recall of positive adjectives, which remained stable over time and independent of mood state.
Triaging women with ovarian masses for surgery: observational diagnostic study to compare RCOG guidelines with an International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) group protocol
Authors: Van Calster B , Timmerman D , Valentin L , McIndoe A , Ghaem‐Maghami S , Testa AC , Vergote I , Bourne T 
Published: March 2012

Please cite this paper as: Van Calster B, Timmerman D, Valentin L, McIndoe A, Ghaem‐Maghami S, Testa A, Vergote I, Bourne T. Triaging women with ovarian masses for surgery: observational diagnostic study to compare RCOG guidelines with an International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) group protocol. BJOG 2012;119:662–671.Objective  To compare guidelines from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) based on the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) with a protocol based on logistic regression model LR2 developed by the International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) group for triaging women with an ovarian mass as low, moderate, or high risk of malignancy.Design and setting  Observational diagnostic study conducted between 2005 and 2007 at 21 oncology referral centres, referral centres for ultrasonography and general hospitals.Sample  In all, 1938 women undergoing surgery for an ovarian mass.Methods  RCOG guidelines use the RMI to triage women as low (RMI < 25), moderate (25–250), or high (above >250) risk. The IOTA protocol uses LR2s estimated probability of malignancy (<0.05 indicates low risk, ≥0.05 but <0.25 moderate risk, and ≥0.25 high risk).Main outcome measure  Percentages of benign, borderline and invasive tumours classified as low, moderate or high risk.Results  The IOTA and RCOG protocols classified 71.1% and 62.1% of benign tumours as low risk, respectively (difference 9.0; 95% CI 6.2–11.9, P < 0.0001). Of invasive tumours, 88.6% and 73.6% were labelled high risk (difference 15.0; 10.6–19.4, P < 0.0001), and 3.0% and 5.2% were labelled low risk (difference −2.2; −4.6 to 0.2, P = 0.07) respectively by each protocol. Similar results were found after stratification for menopausal status.Conclusions  The IOTA protocol was more accurate for triage than the RCOG protocol. The IOTA protocol would avoid major surgery for more women with benign tumours while still appropriately referring more women with an invasive tumour to a gynaecological oncologist.
Diagnostic evaluation and treatment recommendations for dogs with substage‐a high‐grade multicentric lymphoma: results of a survey of veterinarians
Authors: Regan R. C. , Kaplan M. S. W. , Bailey D. B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study was to survey veterinarians regarding their current initial diagnostic and treatment recommendations for dogs with substage‐a high‐grade multicentric lymphoma. A written survey was conducted at the 2009Veterinary Cancer Societyconference asking veterinarians to provide demographic information, initial staging diagnostics and treatment recommendations for canine lymphoma. The most commonly recommended staging diagnostics were complete blood count (100%), chemistry panel (100%), urinalysis (85%), lymph node cytology (88%), thoracic radiographs (84%), immunophenotyping (76%) and abdominal ultrasound (75%). The most commonly used first‐lineB‐cell protocols combined the drugsL‐asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (L‐CHOP, 51%).CHOP(30%) and otherCHOP‐based protocols (12%) were used as well. Thirty‐one percent of responders treatedB‐ andT‐cell lymphomas differently. Protocol lengths varied from ≤16 weeks to >2 years. Current staging and treatment recommendations for canine lymphoma are varied. Efforts to standardize recommendations should be considered.
Nationalism vs. Nationalism: The Challenge of the Sweden Democrats in the Swedish Public Debate
Authors: Hellström Anders , Nilsson Tom , Stoltz Pauline 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn the 2010 Swedish general elections the nationalist party Sverigedemokraterna (SD) crossed the threshold and entered parliament. The other parties in parliament reacted with strong antagonism; the mainstreaming of the ‘radical right’ had finally come to Sweden. This article analyses the media coverage of the SD following the 2006 elections, when it emerged as a high-profile party in the public arena. The presence of the SD in Swedish politics encourages both SD allies and opponents to emphasize their views on what constitutes social cohesion in Sweden. We see the public debate surrounding the SD as a rhetorical struggle between different nationalist claims.
Policy Transfer and Policy Success: The Case of the Gateway Review Process (2001–10)
Authors: Fawcett Paul , Marsh David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPolicy transfer has become a crucial aspect of the contemporary world of policy-making. However, the relationship between the actual process of policy transfer and the ‘success’ of policy outcomes generated by that transfer is an under-researched area. This article addresses the following key question: what factors affect the success, or otherwise, of policy transfer? This question is explored using a putatively successful case of policy transfer, the Gateway Review process between 2001 and 2010, focusing particularly on three of the early transfers of this process from the UK to Victoria and then to the Commonwealth level and New South Wales in Australia.
The Global Economic Crisis and the Politics of Non-Transitions
Authors: Pepinsky Thomas B. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of the global economic crisis (GEC) on political change. A number of emerging European economies have experienced political turnover, but in other emerging and transition economies, government turnover and regime change have been comparatively rare. Two factors – incumbent governments' responsibility for the current crisis and their responsiveness to its domestic economic effects – shape the political effects of the GEC. Outside Europe, most emerging economies have experienced this crisis as an external shock to trade and investment rather than a domestic financial crisis. As a consequence, their governments have experienced less severe economic contractions, and have been able credibly to portray themselves as victims of, rather than causes of, the economic difficulties that they currently face. By placing political turnover in emerging Europe in comparative perspective, this argument provides a new perspective on the consequences of economic integration on national politics for emerging economies around the world.
Social Network Analysis to Evaluate Nursing Interventions to Improve Self‐Care
Authors: Márquez‐Serrano Margarita , González‐Juárez Xochitl , Castillo‐Castillo Lorena E. , González‐González Leonel , Idrovo Alvaro J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the impact of an educational intervention for self‐care of elders on their knowledge of acute respiratory infections and its incidence within their social networks.MethodThe intervention was based on seven educational sessions with elders from Jiutepec (Morelos, Mexico) conducted between September 2009 and January 2010 in the context of the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic. Egocentric social network analysis was used to explore the transmission of knowledge within elders’ networks.ResultsKnowledge of the correct use of antibiotics increased (p < .05). The total network was composed of 94 individuals, of which 22 presented with respiratory infection during the 4.5 months of follow‐up. The measurements of infected individuals were in a degree similar to those not infected (p > .05). No differences in incidence were observed with respect to gender, kinship or sub‐networks.DiscussionElders increased their self‐care and knowledge, but this did not decrease the incidence of cases in their social networks. This may be due to isolation and lack of recognition and credibility among close friends and relatives. Social network analysis can be used to understand and evaluate nursing self‐care interventions.
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Thin‐film Photovoltaic Electricity Generation
Authors: Kim Hyung Chul , Fthenakis Vasilis , Choi Jun‐Ki , Turney Damon E. 
Published: March 2012

SummaryWe present the process and the results of harmonization of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during the life cycle of commercial thin‐film photovoltaics (PVs), that is, amorphous silicon (a‐Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). We reviewed 109 studies and harmonized the estimates of GHG emissions by aligning the assumptions, parameters, and system boundaries. During the initial screening we eliminated abstracts, short conference papers, presentations without supporting documentation, and unrelated analyses; 91 studies passed this initial screening. In the primary screening we applied rigorous criteria for completeness of reporting, validity of analysis methods, and modern relevance of the PV system studied. Additionally, we examined whether the product is a commercial one, whether the production line still exists, and whether the study's core data are original or secondary. These screenings produced five studies as the best representations of the carbon footprint of modern thin‐film PV technologies. These were harmonized through alignment of efficiency, irradiation, performance ratio, balance of system, and lifetime. The resulting estimates for carbon footprints are 20, 14, and 26 grams carbon dioxide equivalent per kilowatt‐hour (g CO2‐eq/kWh), respectively, for a‐Si, CdTe, and CIGS, for ground‐mount application under southwestern United States (US‐SW) irradiation of 2,400 kilowatt‐hours per square meter per year (kWh/m2/yr), a performance ratio of 0.8, and a lifetime of 30 years. Harmonization for the rooftop PV systems with a performance ratio of 0.75 and the same irradiation resulted in carbon footprint estimates of 21, 14, and 27 g CO2‐eq/kWh, respectively, for the three technologies. This screening and harmonization rectifies previous incomplete or outdated assessments and clarifies variations in carbon footprints across studies and amongst thin‐film technologies.
Human adenovirus infection in children with acute respiratory tract disease in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Zou Lirong , Zhou Jie , Li Hui , Wu Jian , Mo Yanling , Chen Qiuxia , Fang Ling , Wu De , Wu Jie , Ke Changwen 
Published: March 2012

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the major worldwide health problem due to associated high morbidity and mortality rates. Adenovirus (Adv) is one of the most common causes of viral ARI, and thus calls for specific diagnosis and better understanding of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics. Our aims were to find out the status of Adv infection in children <14 years with ARI, analyze the epidemiology and clinical characteristics among the Adv‐infected children in Guangzhou, China, and to provide some basis for the research of Adv. The throat and pharyngeal swabs were collected among the children with acute respiratory tract infections in outpatient department from September 2006 to August 2008. The samples were analyzed by PCR and the sequences were blasted with the sequences of Adv in GenBank. Clinical data were analyzed along with virological data by using appropriate statistical methods. Adv was detected in 25 out of 512 (4.9%) children. The genome types of 23 samples were determined after analysis of the gene sequence. The most prevalent Adv type was species B type 3. Among the patients, 10 were of Ad3 (43.5%), three were of Ad1 (1.3%), five were of species C Ad2 (21.7%), and five were of species E Ad4 (21.7%). A higher incidence of positive results was found during the summer season, thus showing a pattern of seasonality. There exists Adv infection in children with acute respiratory system diseases in Guangzhou area. No significant differences were found among different age groups and gender groups. Co‐infections with other respiratory virus were detected in 64% of the Adv positive samples.
Patch test characteristics of patients referred for suspected contact allergy of the feet–retrospective 10‐year cross‐sectional study of the IVDK data
Authors: Landeck Lilla , Uter Wolfgang , John Swen Malte 
Published: March 2012

Background. The warm und humid environment, friction and occlusion within shoes make the feet to a favorable body site to acquire allergic contact dermatitis.Objectives. To evaluate and compare patch test results in patients with suspected contact allergy of the feet with the results in those with concomitant involvement of the feet/legs, feet/hands, and all others tested (excluding secondary involvement of the feet in ‘others’), with regard to specific patterns of clinical data and patch test results.Methods. For the present cross‐sectional study, data were collected by the 59 participating centres of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, including 102 209 patients patch‐tested between January 2001 and December 2010.Results. Allergens that were significantly over‐represented in the tested 2671 foot patients included potassium dichromate, colophonium, and p‐tert‐butylphenol‐formaldehyde resin. Among materials brought in by the patients, shoe pieces (27.5%), topical medications/pharmaceutical products (24.4%) and cosmetics (16.8%) played a major role. The final diagnoses of vesicular and hyperkeratotic dermatitis, as well as psoriasis, were significantly more common among foot patients.Conclusions. Chromium compounds and adhesives were the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis among our foot patients. Psoriasis should be considered, particularly when the hands are concomitantly affected.