bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the definitions of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis in neonates
Authors: Hofer Nora , Zacharias Eva , Müller Wilhelm , Resch Bernhard 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of the definitions of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis to neonates during the first 3 days of life.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of all term neonates hospitalized within the first 24 h of life from 2004 to 2010 at our neonatal intensive care unit.

Results: Of 476 neonates, 30 (6%) had a diagnosis of culture-proven early-onset sepsis (EOS) and 81 (17%) had culture-negative clinical EOS or suspected EOS. SIRS and sepsis criteria were applied to 116 (24%) and 61 (13%) neonates, respectively. Of 30 neonates with culture proven, EOS 14 (53%) fulfilled SIRS and sepsis criteria. The single diagnostic criterion of SIRS applied to 20% (hypothermia or fever), 43% (white blood cell count/immature-to-total neutrophil ratio), 87% (respiratory symptoms), and 33% (cardiocirculatory symptoms) of all neonates with culture-proven EOS.

Conclusions: The definitions of SIRS and sepsis did not apply to about half of all cases of culture-proven EOS. An evidence-based approach to find the appropriate criteria for defining EOS in the neonate is needed.
Anxiety and deterioration of quality of life factors associated with recurrent miscarriage in an observational study
Authors: Mevorach-Zussman Noa , Bolotin Arkady , Shalev Hadar , Bilenko Natalya , Mazor Moshe , Bashiri Asher 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the relationship of anxiety and quality of life and sleep variables to recurrent miscarriages (RMs) in patients during two stages of their treatment in an RM-dedicated clinic – before and after the evaluation – and determine what factors could aggravate anxiety and worsen global well-being outcomes.

Study design: Thirty-nine women who had experienced two or more RMs were measured before and after their evaluation and investigation in the RM clinic. A battery of questionnaires including the STAI scale and various instruments were administered to record anxiety, mental, and physical components of quality of life and sleep quality. Several statistical tests including canonical correlation were performed.

Results: All the patients revealed a mild to moderate level of anxiety, low numbers of physical and mental health but reasonably normal values of the global quality of sleep. The evaluation in the RM clinic and investigation for possible causes accounting for RM did not significantly change anxiety levels. The children-to-pregnancies ratio introduced into the analysis proved to correlate significantly with the sleep quality and mental health. Summarized anxiety in a given RM woman could be predicted based on the set of the variables, characterizing the woman’s reproductive status and her psychological health.

Conclusions: This study establishes anxiety as a common response in RM patients, and suggests factors that predict it. Knowing these factors may help clinicians to identify more accurately those RM patients who would be prone to a high level of anxiety and therefore need more attention and reassurance.
Nanoparticle-functionalized microcapsules for in vitro delivery and sensing
Authors: Carregal-Romero Susana , Ochs Markus , Parak Wolfgang J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractInorganic nanoparticles such as magnetic nanoparticles, fluorescent quantum dots, and plasmonic nanoparticles can be used as building blocks for designing multifunctional systems based on polymeric capsules. The properties of the inorganic nanoparticles hereby are harnessed to provide additional functionality to the polymer capsules. Biological applications towards in vitro sensing and delivery are discussed. Examples will be given in which magnetic nanoparticles are used to direct capsules with magnetic field gradients, colloidal quantum dots are used to identify capsules via the formation of optical barcodes, and gold nanoparticles are used as light-controlled heat-sources for opening capsules and releasing macromolecules from their cavity upon optical excitation. This demonstrates that combination of inorganic nanoparticles and organic/polymeric molecules as carrier matrices allow for tailoring multifunctional hybrid particles for practical applications.
Effect of Addition of Aluminum Nanoparticles on Cooling Performance and Quench Severity of Water during Immersion Quenching
Authors: Ramesh G. , Prabhu K. Narayan 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
In the present work, the effect of the addition of aluminum nanoparticles in concentrations varying from 0.001 to 0.5 vol. % on the cooling performance and quench severity of water during immersion quenching is investigated. The results of cooling curve analyses show that an increase in nanoparticle concentration increased the cooling rates at critical temperatures up to 0.05 vol. % and decreased them thereafter. The transition from the vapor blanket stage to the nucleate boiling stage was also altered by quenching in nanofluids. A finite difference heat transfer program was employed to generate cooling curves at different values of heat transfer coefficient from thermo-physical properties of the quench probe material. A Grossmann H quench severity versus cooling rate curve was established, and from this curve, the H factors of prepared nanofluids were estimated. An increase in nanoparticle concentration up to 0.05 vol. % resulted in an increase of the H value of water from 63 m−1 to 93 m−1, and any further increase in the concentration of nanoparticles resulted in a decrease in H. The results suggest both the enhancement and the deterioration of the cooling performance of water by the addition of aluminum nanoparticles.
Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Epilepsy, and Cerebral Palsy in Norwegian Children
Authors: Surén Pål , Bakken Inger Johanne , Aase Heidi , Chin Richard , Gunnes Nina , Lie Kari Kveim , Magnus Per , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Schjølberg Synnve , Øyen Anne-Siri , Stoltenberg Camilla 
Published: June 2012

BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have investigated the prevalence of neurologic and neurodevelopmental disorders individually, but few have examined them collectively, and there is uncertainty as to what extent they overlap.METHODS:The study has determined the proportions of children aged 0 to 11 years with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), epilepsy, and cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway. The data were obtained from the Norwegian Patient Register, which is nationwide and contains diagnoses assigned by Norwegian specialist health services (hospitals and outpatient clinics). The Norwegian Patient Register started collecting individual-level data in 2008, and the follow-up period for the study is years 2008 through 2010.RESULTS:For ASD, ADHD, and epilepsy, the proportions were highest in the oldest children. At age 11 years, the incidence was 0.7% for ASD, 2.9% for ADHD, and 0.9% for epilepsy. The cumulative incidence is likely to be higher because some cases diagnosed before 2008 were probably missed. For CP, the proportions were ∼0.3% for age ≥5 years. There was considerable overlap between diagnoses. For all disorders, boys had a significantly increased risk. In school-age children (aged 6–11 years) the male/female ratio was 4.3 for ASD, 2.9 for ADHD, 1.2 for epilepsy, and 1.3 for CP.CONCLUSIONS:The findings demonstrate the significant burden of disease associated with neurologic and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and that this burden is disproportionately skewed toward boys.
Trends in Candida Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections Among NICUs, 1999–2009
Authors: Chitnis Amit S. , Magill Shelley S. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Chiller Tom M. , Fridkin Scott K. , Lessa Fernanda C. 
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVES:
To assess trends in incidence of Candida spp. central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in US NICUs, 1999–2009.

METHODS:
Data from NICUs participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (1999–2004) and National Healthcare Safety Network (2006–2009) were analyzed. Overall and birth weight-specific incidence rates of Candida spp. CLABSIs per 1000 central line-days were calculated. Trends in incidence were assessed by using Poisson regression, and trends in proportion of CLABSIs identified as Candida albicans were assessed by using weighted-linear regression.

RESULTS:
Overall, 398 NICUs reported 1407 Candida spp. CLABSIs (706 due to C albicans) among 1400 neonates. Of the 1400 neonates, 963 (69%) were ≤1000 g at the time of birth, and 182 (13%) died. From 1999 to 2009, the overall incidence decreased significantly for CLABSIs due to Candida spp. (0.92 vs 0.2), C albicans (0.53 vs 0.09), and non-albicans Candida spp. (0.39 vs 0.1). Birth weight-specific incidence significantly decreased across all birth weight categories for C albicans. For CLABSIs due to non-albicans Candida spp., significant decreases were detected among all birth weight categories, except among neonates 1501 to 2500 g. The proportion of Candida spp. CLABSIs due to C albicans did not significantly change over time, remaining at ∼50%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Incidence of Candida spp. CLABSIs decreased substantially among NICU patients, regardless of birth weight. Decreases in incidence across all birth weight categories, and not only among neonates ≤1000 g in whom antifungal prophylaxis may be more common, suggest that multiple factors contributed to the declining incidence.
Murine Lupus Susceptibility Locus Sle1c2 Mediates CD4+ T Cell Activation and Maps to Estrogen-Related Receptor γ
Authors: Perry Daniel J. , Yin Yiming , Telarico Tiffany , Baker Henry V. , Dozmorov Igor , Perl Andras , Morel Laurence 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
Sle1c is a sublocus of the NZM2410-derived Sle1 major lupus susceptibility locus. We have shown previously that Sle1c contributes to lupus pathogenesis by conferring increased CD4+ T cell activation and increased susceptibility to chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), which mapped to the centromeric portion of the locus. In this study, we have refined the centromeric sublocus to a 675-kb interval, termed Sle1c2. Mice from recombinant congenic strains expressing Sle1c2 exhibited increased CD4+ T cell intrinsic activation and cGVHD susceptibility, similar to mice with the parental Sle1c. In addition, B6.Sle1c2 mice displayed a robust expansion of IFN-γ–expressing T cells. NZB complementation studies showed that Sle1c2 expression exacerbated B cell activation, autoantibody production, and renal pathology, verifying that Sle1c2 contributes to lupus pathogenesis. The Sle1c2 interval contains two genes, only one of which, Esrrg, is expressed in T cells. B6.Sle1c2 CD4+ T cells expressed less Esrrg than B6 CD4+ T cells, and Esrrg expression was correlated negatively with CD4+ T cell activation. Esrrg encodes an orphan nuclear receptor that regulates oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial functions. In accordance with reduced Esrrg expression, B6.Sle1c2 CD4+ T cells present reduced mitochondrial mass and altered mitochondrial functions as well as altered metabolic pathway utilization when compared with B6 CD4+ T cells. Taken together, we propose Esrrg as a novel lupus susceptibility gene regulating CD4+ T cell function through their mitochondrial metabolism.
Combining In Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction and Absorption Techniques with Transmission Electron Microscopy to Study the Origin of Thermal Instability in Overcharged Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Nam Kyung‐Wan , Bak Seong‐Min , Hu Enyuan , Yu Xiqian , Zhou Youngning , Wang Xiaojian , Wu Lijun , Zhu Yimei , Chung Kyung‐Yoon , Yang Xiao‐Qing 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe thermal instability of the cathode materials in lithium‐ion batteries is an important safety issue, requiring the incorporation of several approaches to prevent thermal runaway and combustion. Systematic studies, using combined well‐defined in situ techniques, are crucial to obtaining in‐depth understanding of the structural origin of this thermal instability in overcharged cathode materials. Here time‐resolved X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption, mass spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy during heating are combined to detail the structural changes in overcharged LixNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 and LixNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials. By employing these several techniques in concert, various aspects of the structural changes are investigated in these two materials at an overcharged state; these include differences in phase‐distribution after overcharge, phase nucleation and propagation during heating, the preferred atomic sites and migration paths of Ni, Co, and Mn, and their individual contributions to thermal stability, together with measuring the oxygen release that accompanies these structural changes. These results provide valuable guidance for developing new cathode materials with improved safety characteristics.
One‐Step Synthesis and Optical Properties of Benzoate‐ and Biphenolate‐Capped ZrO2 Nanoparticles
Authors: Bai Xue , Pucci Andrea , Freitas Vania T. , Ferreira Rute A. S. , Pinna Nicola 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA simple one‐pot approach based on the “benzyl alcohol route” is used for the preparation of benzoate‐ and biphenolate‐capped zirconia and, benzoate‐capped Eu‐doped zirconia nanoparticles. Powder X‐ray diffraction studies and high‐ resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) showed that the nanoparticles present high crystallinity and uniform particle sizes ranging from 3 to 4 nm. FT‐IR and solid state NMR (SS‐NMR) studies revealed that the nanoparticles are coated with a large amount of organic species when the reaction temperature is above 300 °C. It was found that the alcohol used as solvent is oxidized at the surface of the nanoparticles to the respective carboxylic acid which acts as a stabilizer, controlling the nanoparticles growth. The optical properties of these hybrid nanoparticles were studied by room and low (12K) temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy, time‐resolved spectroscopy and absolute emission quantum yield. The as‐synthesized benzoate‐ and biphenolate‐capped nanoparticles exhibit interesting emission properties in the UV and blue spectral regions together with values of emission quantum yields much higher than those reported for zirconia nanoparticles of similar size. The photoluminescent properties were attributed to a cooperative effect of the capping ligands and the defects associated to the ZrO2 nanoparticles. Due to the overlapping of the various emission components involved (i.e., the emission of europium(III) intra‐4f6 transitions, defects in the zirconia and capping ligands) a tunable emission color ranging from purplish‐pink to greenish‐blue could be obtained for the europium‐doped zirconia nanoparticles by simply selecting different excitation wavelengths.
Synthesis and Structure–Property Correlations of Dicyanovinyl‐Substituted Oligoselenophenes and their Application in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Haid Stefan , Mishra Amaresh , Weil Matthias , Uhrich Christian , Pfeiffer Martin , Bäuerle Peter 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe convergent synthesis of a series of acceptor–donor–acceptor (A‐D‐A) type dicaynovinyl (DCV)‐substituted oligoselenophenes DCVnS (n = 3–5) is presented. Trends in thermal and optoelectronic properties are studied, in dependence on the length of the conjugated backbone. Optical measurements reveal red‐shifted absorption spectra and electrochemical investigations show lowering of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels for DCVnS compared to the corresponding thiophene analogs DCVnT. As a consequence, a lowering of the bandgap is observed. Single crystal X‐ray structure analysis of tetramer DCV4S provides important insight into the packing features and intermolecular interactions of the molecules, further corroborating the importance of the DCV acceptor groups for the molecular ordering. DCV4S and DCV5S are used as donor materials in planar heterojunction (PHJ) and bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. The devices show very high fill factors (FF), a high open circuit voltage, and power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 3.4% in PHJ solar cells and slightly reduced PCEs of up to 2.6% in BHJ solar cells. In PHJ devices, the PCE for DCV4S almost doubles compared to the PCE reported for the oligothiophene analog DCV4T, while DCV5S shows an about 30% higher PCE than DCV5T.
A Mild and Versatile Method for the Synthesis of Alkyl Ethers from Methoxymethyl Ethers and Application to the Preparation of Sterically Crowded Ethers
Authors: Minamitsuji Yutaka , Kawaguchi Atsuhisa , Kubo Ozora , Ueyama Yoshifumi , Maegawa Tomohiro , Fujioka Hiromichi 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA mild and divergent route for the synthesis of alkyl ethers from methoxymethyl (MOM) and methoxyethyl (ME) ether derivatives via pyridinium‐type salt intermediates has been developed. The addition of organocuprates to the salts afforded the corresponding alkyl ethers, including highly crowded ones, in high yields even in the presence of acid‐ or base‐sensitive functional groups.
Applying morphometrics to choose optimal captive brood stock for an endangered species: a case study using the freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera (L.)
Authors: Wilson Conor D. , Jane Preston S. , Moorkens Evelyn , Dick Jaimie T.A. , Lundy Mathieu G. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT

To maximize captive breeding success for the globally endangered freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera, morphometrics was applied to develop a tool for selecting optimal brood stock.
There was high discrimination between brooding and non‐brooding individuals and the presence of brood explained the variation in the percentage of mussels with a typical brooding morphology. Brooding individuals were significantly wider than non‐brooding individuals. However, after reclassifying those non‐brooding individuals with morphology highly indicative of brooding individuals using Mahalanobis distance modelling, only shell curvature along the ventral region differed significantly. The Mahalanobis model explained more variation in shell morphology than a model based on field observations, highlighting that shell morphology is a good predictor of brooding mussels.
In addition, it could be argued that an identified novel morph is that of hermaphroditic M. margaritifera, which has developed in response to historic low population density.
This is the first application of a non‐invasive, morphometric technique to optimize captive breeding programmes for an endangered species. Since a greater number of species are under threat of extinction from climate change, there will be a demand for captive breeding programmes, emphasizing the importance of this study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Developments on the Trifluoromethylation of (Hetero)Arenes
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAryl‐CF3 as an extremely important family of fluorinated organic compounds holds wide applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and advanced materials. Traditionally, such trifluoromethylated compounds have been synthesized from the corresponding aryl trichlorides via Cl exchange reactions (Scheme 1). This Focus review gives an overview over the recent development of trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes.
Using automatic number plate recognition technology to observe drivers' headway preferences
Authors: Gunay Banihan 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe paper investigates whether more meaningful interpretation of time headways could be achieved when vehicle identities are taken into account as opposed to the conventional headway studies with no vehicle identification. The idea of spotting those vehicles that are in close car‐following fashion, through automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) technology, was the initial motive of the research. With the use of a set of ANPR data collected in the Republic of Ireland, a number of empirical observations were made, which, in turn, attracted further attention. It was found that the distribution of headways with respect to time was more skewed to the right compared with the overall distribution of all data that had no particular reference to the vehicle identities. It was also interesting to show preliminarily that the ratio of standard deviation to the mean of the time headways (when vehicle identities are taken into consideration) was smaller than that of the headways obtained from the overall population without any number plate identities. It is therefore highlighted that there is need for research to explore the issue further from both points of view of academic studies and enforcement bodies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic process models of combined traffic assignment and control with different signal updating strategies
Authors: Meneguzzer Claudio 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYDynamic process (DP) models of route choice provide a sensible representation of the day‐to‐day evolution of network flows, but their application to the combined modeling of traffic assignment and signal control is not well documented in the literature. In this study, two alternative deterministic, discrete‐time DP models of the interaction between signal control and route choice are proposed and compared with the conventional iterative optimization and assignment (IOA) method for network traffic signal setting. Convergence and equilibrium properties of the two DP models and of IOA are assessed on the basis of extensive numerical tests conducted on a small but realistic network. The frequency of signal resetting is shown to affect significantly the duration of the dynamic process needed to achieve a network flow‐control equilibrium. Our findings also suggest that the realism of IOA may be questioned because of its lack of consideration for important behavioral features such as driver memory and habit. Finally, the possible emergence of instabilities in the DP models is demonstrated through the analysis of bifurcation examples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RDAP12 program overview
Authors: Moore Reagan , Weaver Melissa 
Published: June 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryAfter welcoming remarks, the 3rd ASIS&T Summit on Research Data Access & Preservation (RDAP) got underway with a panel discussion on data management plans and policies. Panelists described a variety of data management projects in the U.S. and the European Union and the challenges faced during implementation. Additional panels focused on data citation, data curation service models and education for data management practitioners. Data management supporting a sustainability environment was the topic of the Digital Libraries Sustainability SIG panel. The summit closed with a series of fast‐paced lightning talks and with demonstrations of the DataNet Federation Consortium, a proposed nationwide data management infrastructure, and RUcore, the Rutgers University community repository.