bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social problem solving and depression in couples coping with cancer
Authors: McClure Kelly S. , Nezu Arthur M. , Nezu Christine Maguth , O'Hea Erin L. , McMahon Cori 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjective: When one person in a couple has cancer, both members may experience depressive symptoms and may react as an emotional system. However, the variables that influence this depressive system have not been identified. This study examined whether social problem solving, an important moderator of individual cancer‐related depression, is related to depression in the couple system.Methods: Sixty‐three couples with one partner diagnosed with cancer completed self‐report questionnaires regarding depressive symptoms, social problem solving, and relationship satisfaction.Results: Multiple regression correlations supported the hypothesis that depression occurs in an emotional system (patient depression predicted partner depression and partner depression predicted patient depression). When examining how partner social problem solving impacts transmission from patient to partner, hierarchical multiple regression demonstrated that one social problem‐solving component (positive problem orientation) eliminated the prediction of partner depression by patient depression. No other component of partner social problem solving eliminated the prediction of partner depression by patient depression. Partner social problem solving had no effect on whether partner depression predicted patient depression.Conclusions: Partners with more positive beliefs about solving problems were less likely to experience depression together with the patients. Further investigation into the role of social problem solving in the interpersonal depression system is warranted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gauge/gravity duality applied to condensed matter systems
Authors: Ammon M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn this review we investigate phenomena of strongly‐coupled quantum critical theories, which also appear in condensed matter systems. Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, a technique motivated by string theory, the strongly‐coupled scale‐invariant theories can be related to gravity theories at weak coupling. Within this framework we study the holographic description of superconductors and the emerging fermi surface of strongly coupled fermions. We also calculate the conductivity of alternating currents and determine the direct current conductivity for (non‐) relativistic systems beyond linear response. Since the explicit string theory construction in terms of probe branes embedded in type IIB supergravity is explicitly known, we are able to identify the dual operators on the field theory side and can compare the effects at weak and strong coupling.
Predicting kinetic constants of protein–protein interactions based on structural properties
Authors: Bai Hongjun , Yang Kun , Yu Daqi , Zhang Changsheng , Chen Fangjin , Lai Luhua 
Published: October 2010

AbstractElucidating kinetic processes of protein–protein interactions (PPI) helps to understand how basic building blocks affect overall behavior of living systems. In this study, we used structure‐based properties to build predictive models for kinetic constants of PPI. A highly diverse PPI dataset, protein–protein kinetic interaction data and structures (PPKIDS), was built. PPKIDS contains 62 PPI with complex structures and kinetic constants measured experimentally. The influence of structural properties on kinetics of PPI was studied using 35 structure‐based features, describing different aspects of complex structures. Linear models for the prediction of kinetic constants were built by fitting with selected subsets of structure‐based features. The models gave correlation coefficients of 0.801, 0.732, and 0.770 for koff, kon, and Kd, respectively, in leave‐one‐out cross validations. The predictive models reported here use only protein complex structures as input and can be generally applied in PPI studies as well as systems biology modeling. Our study confirmed that different properties play different roles in the kinetic process of PPI. For example, kon was affected by overall structural features of complexes, such as the composition of secondary structures, the change of translational and rotational entropy, and the electrostatic interaction; while koff was determined by interfacial properties, such as number of contacted atom pairs per 100 Å2. This information provides useful hints for PPI design. Proteins 2010;79:720–734. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature‐dependent oligomerization in M‐crystallin: Lead or lag toward cataract, an NMR perspective
Authors: Barnwal Ravi P. , Devi K. Manjula , Agarwal Geetika , Sharma Yogendra , Chary Kandala V. R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe oligomerization and/or aggregation of proteins is of critical importance in a wide variety of biomedical situations, ranging from abnormal disease states like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease to the production of inclusion bodies, stability, and delivery of protein drugs. In the case of eye‐lens proteins, oligomerization is implicated in cataract formation. In the present study, we have investigated the temperature driven oligomerization of M‐crystallin, a close homologue of eye‐lens proteins, using NMR spectroscopy and dynamic‐light scattering (DLS). The NMR data primarily included R1, R2 relaxation rates and nOes of the backbone amide groups recorded at three different temperatures, 25, 20, and 15° C. The major outcome of the study is the two fold increase in the overall tumbling time (τc) of M‐crystallin on lowering the temperature from 25 to 15° C. An extrapolation of τc to a further lower temperature (5° C) may lead to a τc of ∼19 ns that would correspond to a τc value of a tetrameric M‐crystallin. These results also validate the observed changes in the hydrodynamic radius of M‐crystallin, determined using DLS data. Further, the temperature‐dependent protein dynamics of M‐crystallin reveal considerable variation at/near the Ca2+‐binding sites. A concerted analysis of the temperature dependent relaxation parameters and DLS data reveals that the self‐association of the protein is not only a monomer‐dimer equilibrium, but also goes to tetramers or other multimeric states. These higher states may co‐exist in fast exchange with the monomeric and dimeric M‐crystallin at milli‐molar to sub‐millimolar concentrations and at lower temperature. Proteins 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation energies of point defects at finite temperatures
Authors: Grabowski B. , Hickel T. , Neugebauer J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe dominant entropy contribution affecting defect concentrations is configurational entropy. Other contributions such as harmonic and anharmonic lattice vibrations are second order effects and computationally expensive to calculate. Therefore, such contributions have been rarely considered in defect investigations. However, to achieve the next accuracy level in defect calculations and thus significantly improve the agreement with experiment, the inclusion of these contributions is critical. In this paper, we present the methods needed to compute highly accurate free energies of point defects from first principles. We demonstrate how to include all relevant free energy contributions up to the melting point. The focus will be on nonmagnetic metals and point defects in the dilute limit. We consider all relevant excitation mechanisms: electronic excitations and ionic vibrations both in the quasiharmonic approximation and explicitly including anharmonicity (i.e., phonon–phonon interaction). Since computing such interactions requires to sample large parts of the phase space, straightforward ab initio based simulations (such as molecular dynamics) are in most cases out of reach even on supercomputers. To overcome this difficulty, a recently developed hierarchical scheme will be presented which allows to coarse grain the configuration space and thus to efficiently calculate anharmonic contributions to defect formation. We discuss the performance and accuracy of the developed methodology for the example of vacancies in aluminum. An important insight is that the entropy of vacancy formation is significantly affected by anharmonicity. We further show that the inclusion of all the aforementioned excitation mechanisms is critical to guarantee an accurate description of thermodynamic properties up to the melting point.
Characteristics of abductive inquiry in earth science: An undergraduate case study
Authors: Oh Phil Seok 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe goal of this case study was to describe characteristic features of abductive inquiry learning activities in the domain of earth science. Participants were undergraduate junior and senior students who were enrolled in an earth science education course offered for preservice secondary science teachers at a university in Korea. The undergraduate students conducted, as a course activity, earth scientific inquiry according to the Abductive Inquiry Model (AIM) to explain a typhoon's anomalous path. Data sources included students' presentation materials, written reports, and interviews with five selected participants. The data were analyzed qualitatively in collaboration with a practicing earth scientist. The findings of the study revealed the characteristics of students' inquiry performance in each phase of the AIM. During the exploration phase, the students investigated earth scientific phenomena with provided data and transformed the data into new forms to discover problems to be explained abductively. In the examination phase, the students activated and expanded their background knowledge to find appropriate rules for abductive inference. Furthermore, they created new rules, which contained hypothetical explanations for the phenomena in question. The selection phase provided the students with opportunities to evaluate their hypotheses with empirical and theoretical criteria and choose more plausible ones. Finally, in the explanation phase, the students provided genetic and narrative explanations using the hypotheses selected previously. Implications for science inquiry learning as well as relevant research were suggested. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 95: 409–430, 2011
Buying time for wild animals with zoos
Authors: Conway William G. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractZoos and aquariums exhibit many rare species, but sustain few for long periods. Demanding genetic, demographic, and behavioral requirements are a part of the sustainability challenge, and historical zoo goals and limiting animal management objectives are another, but they have been overtaken by worldwide wildlife population contraction and endangerment. New policies are essential for zoo continuance and, if vanishing species are to be helped by zoo propagation, they must be given priority. However, zoos have little animal carrying capacity and propagation must be much more sharply focused. In addition, it is becoming urgent that zoos help to support parks and reserves and, where possible, manage some especially endangered species mutually with parks. Zoo Biol 29:1–8, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nerve guidance with versus without prepuncture ultrasound visualization for psoas compartment block and perineural catheter insertion: A randomized, prospective, blinded study
Authors: Tognù Andrea , Gullotta Stella , Danelli Giorgio , Borghi Battista , Niebel Thekla , Bonarelli Stefano , Melotti Rita M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractLumbar plexus block may offer significant advantages in terms of postoperative analgesia, patient satisfaction, surgical outcome and patient rehabilitation. Ultrasound guidance has been used to describe psoas compartment block‐related anatomy and to estimate transverse process depth before needle insertion and prediction of actual needle‐to plexus intercept depth. The aim of this prospective randomized blinded study is to compare the Nerve‐Stimulation Guidance with versus without the Pre‐puncture Ultrasound Visualization in terms of onset time of the lumbar plexus sensory and motor block in patients undergoing total hip replacement.46 patients undergoing total hip replacement were randomly allocated to receive posterior lumbar plexus block (LPB) using nerve stimulation guidance with (group US, n = 23) or without pre‐puncture ultrasound imaging (group NS, n = 23).Onset time of sensory and motor blocks was recorded every 5 min for the first 30 min starting from the injection of the local anesthetic injection. Readiness for surgery was defined as complete numbness to pinprick test in the region supplied by the lumbar plexus and Bromage's score = 3.Need for additional local anesthetic boluses or general anesthesia, intraoperative opioid consumption and first postoperative 24 h local anesthetic and rescue Analgesics consumption were also recorded.The time required for the execution of the block was 3 (2–15) min in Group US and 5 (2–20) min in Group NS (p = 0.06). The mean time to readiness for surgery was 12 ± 5 in Group US and 19 ± 6 min in Group NS (p = 0.04) .3 Patients in Group US (13%) and 4 patients in Group NS (17%) (p = 0.73) required general anesthesia due to failed block. Intraoperative opioid consumption was similar in the two groups. There were no differences in complications, postoperative local anesthetic and rescue analgesics consumption and pain scores.Nerve‐Stimulation technique combined with Pre‐puncture Ultrasound Visualization for continuous lumbar plexus blocks is comparable to Nerve‐Stimulation technique in terms of percentage of block success, intraoperative opioid consumption and postoperative pain relief. Pre‐puncture Ultrasound Visualization may reduce the time required for readiness to surgery.
Locating the sciences in eighteenth-century Egypt
Authors: MURPHY JANE H. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the last years of the eighteenth century, Egypt famously witnessed the practice of European sciences as embodied in the members of Bonaparte's Commission des sciences et des arts and the newly founded Institut d'Egypte. Less well known are the activities of local eighteenth-century Cairene religious scholars and military elites who were both patrons and practitioners of scientific expertise and producers of hundreds upon hundreds of manuscripts. Through the writings of the French naturalist Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844) and those of the Cairene scholar and chronicler ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Jabartī (1753–1825), I explore Egypt as a site for the practice of the sciences in the late eighteenth century, the palatial urban houses which the French made home to the Institut d'Egypte and their role before the French invasion, and the conception of the relationship between the sciences and social politics that each man sought. Ultimately, I argue that Geoffroy's struggle to create scientific neutrality in the midst of intensely tumultuous political realities came to a surprising head with his fixation on Paris asthesite for the practice of natural history, while al-Jabartī’s embrace of this entanglement of knowledge and power led to a vision of scientific expertise that was specifically located in his Cairene society, but which – as Geoffroy himself demonstrated – could be readily adapted almost anywhere.
Distribution of phosphorus in an above-to-below-ground profile in a Bornean tropical rain forest
Authors: Imai Nobuo , Kitayama Kanehiro , Titin Jupiri 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:Ecosystem pool of phosphorus (P) was determined as the sum of above-ground vegetation, roots, necromass and soils to 1 m deep in a tropical rain forest in Sabah, Malaysia. Relationships among soil P fractions, acid phosphatase activity and fine-root biomass across soil horizons were also determined to understand P availability. Ecosystem pools of P, and of simultaneously quantified nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) were 3.4, 12 and 370 Mg ha−1, respectively. Only 2.6% of the total ecosystem P was in the above-ground vegetation, contrasting to C (60%) and N (16%). Canopy foliage of dominant tree species showed an extremely high N to P ratio of 31.5, which implied the excessively short supply of P compared with ample N. Soil P primarily consisted of recalcitrant occluded fractions (78–91%) and only 4% was labile. Approximately three-quarters of labile soil P was an organic fraction (Po). The concentration of labile Po did not differ between soil horizons, while both phosphatase activity and fine-root density were the greatest in the topsoil (top 5 cm) and dramatically decreased with depth. This suggests that trees depend on the acquisition of P from the labile Po in the topsoil, despite a greater amount of labile P in the subsoil. Trees with a high foliar N/P ratio may invest N to acquire P from the topsoil by secreting phosphatase that consists of proteins, rather than investing C to extending roots to scavenge P in the subsoil.
Experimental evidence that fire causes a tree recruitment bottleneck in an Australian tropical savanna
Authors: Prior Lynda D. , Williams Richard J. , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:A fire-mediated recruitment bottleneck provides a possible explanation for the coexistence of trees and grasses in mesic savannas. The key element of this hypothesis is that saplings are particularly vulnerable to fire because they are small enough to be top-killed by grass fires, but unlike juveniles, they take several years to recover their original size. This limits the number of recruits into the adult size classes. Thus savanna vegetation may be maintained by a feedback whereby fire restricts the density of adult trees and allows a grass layer to develop, which provides fuel for subsequent fires. Here, we use results from a landscape-scale fire experiment in tropical Australia, to explore the possible existence of a recruitment bottleneck. This experiment compared tree recruitment and survival over 4 y under regimes of no fire, annual early and annual late dry-season fire. Stem mortality decreased with increasing stem height in the fire treatments but not in the unburnt treatment. Tree recruitment was 76–84% lower in the fire treatments than the unburnt treatment. Such fire-induced stem loss of saplings and reduced recruitment to the canopy layer in this eucalypt savanna are consistent with the predictions of the fire-mediated recruitment bottleneck hypothesis.
Effect of host-bark extracts on seed germination in Tillandsia recurvata, an epiphytic bromeliad
Authors: Valencia-Díaz Susana , Flores-Palacios Alejandro , Rodríguez-López Verónica , Ventura-Zapata Elsa , Jiménez-Aparicio Antonio R. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:Tree species are potential hosts for epiphytes; however in some forests epiphytes have a biased distribution among hosts. In a tropical dry forest of Mexico, previous research showed that there are trees with few epiphytes. It is possible that the bark of these hosts contain allelochemicals that influence epiphyte seed germination. The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether hosts with low epiphyte abundance (Ipomoea murucoides, I. pauciflora and Lysiloma acapulcense) would inhibit seed germination of Tillandsia recurvata through aqueous and organic bark extracts, (2) to determine whether germination of T. recurvata would differ among the hosts with low epiphyte abundance and a host with high epiphyte abundance (Bursera copallifera) and (3) to relate the chemical composition of organic bark extracts with inhibition of T. recurvata seed germination. Hexanic and dichloromethanic extracts were partially chemically characterized. Total phenolics and flavonoids concentrations of methanolic extracts were analysed. Aqueous and organic bark extracts from hosts with few epiphytes inhibited T. recurvata seed germination. Aqueous and dichloromethanic extracts of B. copallifera inhibited slightly the germination of T. recurvata. There was a positive correlation between concentration of flavonoids and inhibition of seed germination. Results suggest that a combination of compounds may be responsible for affecting the germination of T. recurvata. This study demonstrates the chemical effect of aqueous and organic bark extracts from hosts on germination of an epiphytic bromeliad.
Plant species selection by free-ranging cattle in southern Bolivian tropical montane forests
Authors: Marquardt Svenja , Beck Stephan G. , Encinas Felix D. , Alzérreca A. Humberto , Kreuzer Michael , Mayer Andrea C. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:The frequency of selection of functional groups and plant species by free-ranging cattle foraging in a diverse environment and its changes during the dry and the following prehumid seasons were investigated using direct observations and bite counting. The study was conducted at two sites in the Bolivian–Tucuman montane forests in southern Bolivia, by including datasets of a total of 16 animals. Across both study sites and the entire observation period (May to October/November), the cattle were found to select a broad spectrum of plant species from different functional groups. However, just a limited number of species made up a considerable contribution to overall plant selection. The functional group of the graminoids was selected most frequently, but their contribution to plant selection decreased significantly from 63.5% of total bites in May to 15.9% in September/October, in accordance with a decrease in availability. Selection of woody plants (shrubs and tree parts, the latter mainly in the form of leaf litter and fruits) increased with time, reaching its peak at the beginning of the prehumid season, while the herbs showed a curvilinear pattern of selection which was highest in August. Plant species belonging to the functional groups of ferns, climbers and epiphytes were also selected by the cattle, but generally at low relative proportions. Plant selection might be influenced by temporal differences in nutritional quality and availability of the preferred plant species and functional groups. Sampling behaviour seems to be the most likely reason for the inclusion of a broad range of plant species with overall low contribution to plant selection.
Evidence for tolerance of parasitism in a tropical cavity-nesting bird, planalto woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes platyrostris), in northern Argentina
Authors: Norris Andrea R. , Cockle Kristina L. , Martin Kathy 
Published: October 2010

Abstract:Avian hosts may either resist the negative effects of nestling ectoparasites by minimizing the number of parasites, or tolerate parasitism by increasing their fecundity via the reproductive compensation hypothesis. Little is known about the interactions between ectoparasites and their avian hosts in the tropics. We (1) examined nestling development rates, and tested whether (2) parasitism by a subcutaneous ectoparasitic botfly (Philornissp.) had negative effects on the condition of nestlings, and (3) these negative effects were minimized in larger broods in a tropical cavity-nesting bird, the planalto woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptes platyrostris), in primary and secondary Atlantic forests in the northern province of Misiones, Argentina. Nestling mass and ectoparasite load per nestling reached maxima when nestlings (n = 50) were between 10 and 14 d old. General linear mixed models predicted that mass at fledging declined with increasing nestling parasite load, suggesting that botflies had a negative influence on fledging condition. Parasite load per nestling declined with increasing brood size indicating that woodcreepers that increase their reproductive output minimize the negative effects of parasitism. Overall we found evidence to support the tolerance via reproductive compensation hypothesis. Future tests of the reproductive compensation hypothesis may help determine the underlying mechanism of the observed negative correlation between parasite load of nestlings and brood size.