bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth rate of large renal masses opposes active surveillance
Authors: Staehler Michael , Haseke Nicolas , Stadler Thomas , Zilinberg Ekaterina , Nordhaus Cordula , Nuhn Philip , Khoder Wael Y. , Karl Alexander , Stief Christian G. 
Published: September 2009

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo retrospectively determine the growth rate of renal masses with a diameter of ≥4 cm at the time of surgery, as the average growth rate of untreated small (<4 cm) renal masses is assumed to be 0.1–0.7 cm/year, but little is known about the progression of large masses.PATIENTS AND METHODSOf 256 patients who had their renal tumour surgically removed between January and December 2008, we identified nine (five men and four women; median age 65.2 years, range 29.2–74.2) with solitary large renal masses (>4 cm) who had abdominal imaging with identification of renal masses >6 months before admission. In none of the patients had the initial imaging led to admission, either by accident or because the masses were overlooked. The tumour growth rate was calculated based on images taken ≥6 months before admission and actual imaging, as well as histological results.RESULTSAll patients had surgical resection of their renal masses in 2008. The median (range) follow‐up from initial diagnosis to surgery was 14.6 (6.5–58.4) months. The median observed tumour growth rate was 6.41 (2.47–8.66) cm/year. The histological diagnosis was clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in seven patients, papillary in one and clear cell RCC with portions of sarcomatoid de‐differentiation in one; two patients had lymph node metastases and one had pulmonary metastases, and five had tumours of ≥T3.CONCLUSIONSThe growth rate of large tumours is much higher than of small renal masses and most patients present with advanced disease. Thus, tumours of ≥4 cm seem not to be candidates for active surveillance but require immediate therapy. Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical relevance of progressive tumour growth and the underlying mechanisms.
Differences in histopathological and biochemical outcomes in patients with low Gleason score prostate cancer
Authors: Isbarn Hendrik , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Ahyai Sascha A. , Chun Felix K.H. , Jeldres Claudio , Haese Alexander , Heinzer Hans , Zacharias Mario , Heuer Roman , Eichelberg Christian , Steuber Thomas , Budäus Lars , Köllermann Jens , Salomon Georg , Schlomm Thorsten , Perrotte Paul , Fisch Margit , Huland Hartwig , Graefen Markus 
Published: September 2009

Study Type – Diagnosis (case series) Level of Evidence 4OBJECTIVETo test whether the number or percentage of positive biopsy cores can be used to discriminate between patients with prostate cancer of a favourable and less favourable Gleason score (GS) ≤3 + 3, as prognostically, not all GS 3 + 3 prostate cancers are the same.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 1106 consecutive patients with a prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of ≤10 ng/mL and a biopsy GS of ≤3 + 3 or 3 + 4 had an open radical prostatectomy. The number of positive biopsy cores (≤2 vs ≥3) were stratified into low‐ vs high‐risk groups. Subsequently, we stratified patients according to the GS and the percentage of positive biopsy cores (<50% vs ≥50%). The pathological stage and the 5‐year biochemical recurrence (BCR)‐free survival rates were examined in univariable and multivariable models.RESULTSBased on the number of positive cores, the rate of extraprostatic disease was 11.7% and 23.3%, respectively, in the low‐and high‐risk GS ≤3 + 3 groups (P < 0.001). The 5‐year BCR‐free survival rates were 95.0%, 77.8%, 81.2% and 66.5% for, respectively, low‐ and high‐risk GS ≤3 + 3 and for low‐ and high‐risk GS 3 + 4 patients. Univariable and multivariable intergroup BCR rate differences were statistically significant between low‐ vs high‐risk GS 3 + 3 patients (P < 0.001), but not significant between high‐risk GS ≤3 + 3 vs low‐risk GS 3 + 4 patients (P = 0.6). Comparable results were obtained when comparisons were made according to the percentage of positive biopsy cores.CONCLUSIONSOur results corroborate the finding that not all patients with a biopsy GS of ≤3 + 3 prostate cancer have low‐risk disease. High‐risk GS ≤3 + 3 patients have a similar risk profile as more favourable GS 3 + 4 patients. This finding warrants consideration when deciding on treatment.
Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis in a Danish population: a study using the 2008 criteria of the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis
Authors: Richter Benedikte , Hesse Ulrik , Hansen Alastair B. , Horn Thomas , Mortensen Svend O. , Nordling Jørgen 
Published: September 2009

Study Type – Symptom prevalence (prospective cohort) Level of Evidence 1bOBJECTIVETo characterize and evaluate a Danish patient population with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), using a working definition for BPS/IC incorporating six variables, and a set of criteria defined by the European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis (ESSIC); to describe the clinical course and treatment intensity in relation to these variables.PATIENTS AND METHODSClinical data were obtained retrospectively from medical records for 349 consecutive patients with IC referred to the Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Denmark between 1966 and 2008. The median (range) age at diagnosis was 53 (16–88) years; 64% were followed for at least 2 years. The outcome was expressed in terms of treatment intensity and was correlated with clinical data (pain, nocturnal frequency, bladder capacity, mucosal glomerulations, detrusor mastocytosis, detrusor intrafascicular fibrosis, IFF).RESULTSAll patients had pain and 75% had nocturia at least twice. The bladder capacity estimated under general anaesthesia was <500 mL in 42%; 53% presented with detrusor mastocytosis (≥28 mast cells/mm2) and 50% with IFF. The detrusor mast cell count (P < 0.001), IFF (P = 0.004) and nocturnal frequency (P = 0.043) had statistically significant prognostic value for treatment intensity, whereas bladder capacity and glomerulations were not significant.CONCLUSIONNocturia, detrusor mastocytosis and IFF are associated with multiple treatments and presumed failure of standard urological therapy in patients with BPS/IC, while bladder capacity and glomerulations are not. Valid conclusions cannot be drawn because of numerous limitations to the study.
Systematic review of long‐term lifestyle interventions to prevent weight gain and morbidity in adults
Authors: Brown T. , Avenell A. , Edmunds L. D. , Moore H. , Whittaker V. , Avery L. , Summerbell C. ,   for the PROGRESS Team
Published: September 2009

SummaryThe aim of this article is to determine the effectiveness of long‐term lifestyle interventions for the prevention of weight gain and morbidity in adults. Prevention of weight gain is important in adults who are of normal weight, overweight and obese. A systematic review of controlled trials of lifestyle interventions in adults with a body mass index of less than 35 kg m−2 with at least 2 years of follow‐up was carried out. Eleven of 39 comparisons produced significant improvement in weight between groups at 2 years or longer with mean difference weight change ranging from −0.5 to −11.5 kg. Effective interventions included a 600 kcal/day deficit diet deficit/low‐fat diet (with and without meal replacements), low‐calorie diet, Weight Watchers diet, low‐fat non‐reducing diet, diet with behaviour therapy, diet with exercise, diet with exercise and behaviour therapy. Adding meal replacements to a low‐fat diet (with and without exercise and behaviour therapy) produced significant improvement in weight. Head‐to‐head interventions failed to show significant effect on weight with the exception of a Mediterranean diet with behaviour therapy compared with low‐fat diet. Diet with exercise and/or behaviour therapy demonstrated significant reduction in hypertension and improvement in risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes compared with no treatment control. Lifestyle interventions demonstrated significant improvement in weight, reduction in hypertension and reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
Optimal Policy under Uncertainty and Learning about Climate Change: A Stochastic Dominance Approach
Authors: BAKER ERIN 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGlobal climate change presents a classic problem of decision making under uncertainty with learning. We provide stochastic dominance theorems that provide new insights into when abatement and investment into low carbon technology should increase in risk. We show that R&D into low‐carbon technologies and near‐term abatement are in some sense opposites in terms of risk. Abatement provides insurance against the possibility of major catastrophes; R&D provides insurance against the possibility that climate change is marginally worse than average. We extend our results to the comparative statics of learning.
Up/Downward Preference Aggregation
Authors: QUESADA ANTONIO 
Published: September 2009

AbstractTwo strict preference aggregation mechanisms are suggested. One determines the collective preference from the most preferred to the least preferred alternative using as inputs the individuals' most preferred alternatives once the alternatives already assigned a position in the collective preference have been removed. The other mechanism does the same the other way around, constructing the preference starting from the least preferred alternative and using the least preferred remaining alternatives as inputs. It is shown that if both procedures are assumed to generate the same collective preference then the resulting aggregation rule must be dictatorial or constant. Weaker versions of these procedures also yield a dictatorial aggregation rule when combined with mild versions of unanimity or surjectivity.
IN (THE) PLACE OF THE SELF: A CRITICAL STUDY OF JEAN‐LUC MARION'S “AU LIEU DE SOI. L'APPROCHE DE SAINT AUGUSTIN”1
Authors: SCHRIJVERS JOERI 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis review article discusses Jean‐Luc Marion's latest book Au lieu de soi. L'approche de Saint‐Augustin, in which Marion lets the theology and phenomenology of givenness interact with Augustine's œuvre. The article provides an extensive summary of Marion's book and offers a critical analysis by linking Au lieu de soi to Marion's earlier work. Apart from this, this review hopes to open some parallels with the work of Emmanuel Levinas and Jean‐Yves Lacoste if only to show how easily a certain strand of Augustinianism blends with contemporary thought.
Preterm premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnion inflammatory scores and neonatal respiratory outcome
Authors: Zanardo V , Vedovato S , Cosmi E , Litta P , Cavallin F , Trevisanuto D , Chiarelli S 
Published: September 2009

Objective  To evaluate whether histological chorioamnionitis (HCA), in the setting of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), affects infant respiratory outcome.Design  A prospective histological study on 287 consecutive placentas was performed in preterm infants (≤32+6 weeks gestation), categorised into four groups: according to the presence or absence of HCA, in the setting or in absence of PPROM.Setting  Neonatal intensive care unit, Department of Pediatrics, Padua University, Padua, Italy from January 2001 to December 2006.Results  Among the 287 NICU admitted preterm infants, 68/287 (23.6%) presented with HCA, 16/68 (23.5%) with a coexisting fetal inflammatory response, and 74/287 (25.7%) with PPROM. HCA was associated with a greater frequency of vaginal delivery (P < 0.0001), lower gestational age (P < 0.0001) and lower birth weight (P < 0.01). HCA had no effect on fetal lung maturation, however, it was a significant risk factor for CLD (RR; 95% CI 2.08; 1.30–3.33). HCA and the fetal inflammatory response were also significant risk factors for PPROM (RR; 95% CI 2.07; 1.42–3.03 and 2.64; 1.71–4.09 respectively). Conversely, HCA in the setting of PPROM failed to reveal any RDS protection or subtype CLD risk. Multivariate analysis demonstrated significant independent effects of presence of maternal HCA (P = 0.04), gestational age (P < 0.0001) and interaction HCA‐gestational age (P = 0.04) on CLD development, regardless of the presence of fetal HCA or fetal HCA‐gestational age interaction, PPROM or PPROM‐gestational age interaction.Conclusions  Histological chorioamnionitis is a significant PPROM and CLD risk factor, but it fails to provide any protection from RDS. HCA in the setting of PPROM also failed to reveal any RDS protection or subtype CLD risk.
Headache and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorder: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Gonçalves Daniela A.G. , Bigal Marcelo E. , Jales Luciana C.F. , Camparis Cinara M. , Speciali José G. 
Published: September 2009

(Headache 2010;50:231‐241)Objectives.— A population‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of migraine, episodic tension‐type headaches (ETTH), and chronic daily headaches (CDH), as well as the presence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the adult population.Background.— The potential comorbidity of headache syndromes and TMD has been established mostly based on clinic‐based studies.Methods.— A representative sample of 1230 inhabitants (51.5% women) was interviewed by a validated phone survey. TMD symptoms were assessed through 5 questions, as recommended by the American Academy of Orofacial Pain, in an attempt to classify possible TMD. Primary headaches were diagnosed based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders.Results.— When at least 1 TMD symptom was reported, any headache happened in 56.5% vs 31.9% (P < .0001) in those with no symptoms. For 2 symptoms, figures were 65.1% vs 36.3% (P < .0001); for 3 or more symptoms, the difference was even more pronounced: 72.8% vs 37.9%. (P < .0001). Taking individuals without headache as the reference, the prevalence of at least 1 TMD symptom was increased in ETTH (prevalence ratio = 1.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.20‐1.79), migraine (2.10, 1.80‐2.47) and CDH (2.41, 1.84‐3.17). At least 2 TMD symptoms also happened more frequently in migraine (4.4, 3.0‐6.3), CDH (3.4; 1.5‐7.6), and ETTH (2.1; 1.3‐3.2), relative to individuals with no headaches. Finally, 3 or more TMD symptoms were also more common in migraine (6.2; 3.8‐10.2) than in no headaches. Differences were significant for ETTH (2.7 1.5‐4.8), and were numerically but not significant for CDH (2.3; 0.66‐8.04).Conclusion.— Temporomandibular disorder symptoms are more common in migraine, ETTH, and CDH relative to individuals without headache. Magnitude of association is higher for migraine. Future studies should clarify the nature of the relationship.
Measurement of Interfacial Porosity at the Acrylic Resin/Denture Tooth Interface
Authors: Pero Ana Carolina , Marra Juliê , Paleari André Gustavo , Pereira Wellington Roberto Fagundes , Barbosa Débora Barros , Compagnoni Marco Antonio 
Published: September 2009

Abstract Purpose: Small pores of almost uniform shape and size are common in polymeric materials; however, significant porosity can weaken a denture base resin and promote staining, harboring of organisms such as Candida albicans, and bond failures between the artificial tooth and denture base resin. The aim of this study was to investigate the porosity at the interface of one artificial tooth acrylic resin (Trilux, copolymer of polymethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and color pigments) and three denture base resins: Acron MC (microwave‐polymerized), Lucitone 550 (heat‐polymerized), and QC‐20 (heat‐polymerized). Materials and Methods: Ten specimens of each denture base resin with artificial tooth were processed. After polymerization, specimens were polished and observed under a microscope at 80× magnification. The area of each pore present between artificial tooth and denture base resin was measured using computer software, and the total area of pores per surface was calculated in millimeter square. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to compare porosity data (α= 0.05). Results: Porosity analysis revealed the average number of pores (n), area range (S, mm2), and diameter range (d, μm) for Acron MC (n = 23, S = 0.001 to 0.0056, d = 35 to 267), Lucitone 550 (n = 13, S = 0.001 to 0.005, d = 35 to 79), and QC‐20 (n = 19, S = 0.001 to 0.014, d = 35 to 133). The analyses showed that there were no statistically significant differences among the groups (p= 0.7904). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that the denture base resins evaluated did not affect porosity formation at the artificial tooth/denture base resin interface.
Genetic characterization of breast cancer and implications for clinical management
Authors: Geyer Felipe C. , Lopez‐Garcia Maria A. , Lambros Maryou B. , Reis‐Filho Jorge S. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

Introduction
Contribution of gene expression analysis
High‐throughput genetic analysis
Phenotypic–genotypic correlations
Biomarkers and therapeutic targets
Conclusion and future perspectives

Breast cancer is a genetic disease caused by the accumulation of mutations in neoplastic cells. In the last few years, high‐throughput microarray‐based molecular analysis has provided increasingly more coherent information about the genetic aberrations in breast cancer. New biomarkers and molecular techniques are slowly becoming part of the diagnostic and prognostic armamentarium available for pathologists and oncologists to tailor the therapy for breast cancer patients. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of breast cancer somatic genetics to our understanding of breast cancer biology and its impact on breast cancer patient management.
Affinity pulldown of γ‐secretase and associated proteins from human and rat brain
Authors: Teranishi Yasuhiro , Hur Ji‐Yeun , Welander Hedvig , Frånberg Jenny , Aoki Mikio , Winblad Bengt , Frykman Susanne , Tjernberg Lars O. 
Published: September 2009

Abstractγ‐Secretase is a transmembrane protease complex responsible for the processing of a multitude of type 1 transmembrane proteins, including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. A functional complex is dependent on the assembly of four proteins: presenilin (PS), nicastrin, Aph‐1 and Pen‐2. Little is known about how the substrates are selected by γ‐secretase, but it has been suggested that γ‐secretase associated proteins (GSAPs) could be of importance. For instance, it was recently reported from studies in cell lines that TMP21, a transmembrane protein involved in trafficking, binds to γ‐secretase and regulates the processing of APP‐derived substrates without affecting Notch cleavage. Here, we present an efficient and selective method for purification and analysis of γ‐secretase and GSAPs. Microsomal membranes were prepared from rat or human brain and incubated with a γ‐secretase inhibitor coupled to biotin via a long linker and a S‐S bridge. After pulldown using streptavidin beads, bound proteins were eluted under reducing conditions and digested by trypsin. The tryptic peptides were subjected to LC‐MS/MS analysis, and proteins were identified by sequence data from MS/MS spectra. All of the known γ‐secretase components were identified. Interestingly, TMP21 and the PS associated protein syntaxin1 were associated to γ‐secretase in rat brain. We suggest that the present method can be used for further studies on the composition of the γ‐secretase complex.
Oral lesions in lupus erythematosus–cytokines profiles of inflammatory infiltrate
Authors: Marques Elisa R. M. C. , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa , Lima Dirce M. , Nico Marcello Menta S. 
Published: September 2009

Background: Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Presence of type 1 cytokines in cutaneous discoid lesions suggests that they may be critical for induction, development and maintenance of these manifestations. Type 2 cytokines in combination with local interferon gamma (INF‐γ) are thought to be related to the physiopathology of cutaneous LE. Cytokines profiles are still unknown in oral LE lesions. Materials and Methods: Expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines (including IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and INF‐ γ was investigated and compared in 29 biopsies of intra‐oral (sun‐protected) and labial lesions (sun‐exposed) of LE using immunohistochemistry. Results: Inflammatory infiltrate of LE lesions was strongly positive for IFN‐ γ (97%) and TNF‐α (90%), both Th1 type cytokines. Interleukin‐10, a Th2 cytokine was also strongly expressed. Other cytokines were only mildly positive. Cytokines patterns were similar in intra‐oral (sun‐covered) and labial (sun‐exposed) LE lesions. Conclusions: Oral LE lesions are associated with both type 1 and type 2 cytokines, characterized by stronger expression of INF‐ γ, TNF‐ α and IL‐10. These findings suggest that although ultraviolet (UV) light is involved in the induction of LE lesions, mechanisms of lesions formation may be similar in sun‐exposed as well as sun‐covered areas.Marques ERMC, Lourenço SV, Lima DM, Nico MMS. Oral lesions in lupus erythematosus–cytokines profiles of inflammatory infiltrate.
Hymenoptera venom allergy
Authors: Przybilla Bernhard , Ruëff Franziska 
Published: September 2009

SummaryAllergic reactions to Hymenoptera stings usually present as large local reactions or systemic reactions with symptoms of immediate type allergy (anaphylaxis). In Central Europe they are predominantly elicited by stings of the honeybee or Vespula spp. Acute reactions are managed by symptomatic treatment. Long‐term care includes patient education (allergen avoidance, course of action at re‐sting) and prescription of an emergency kit for self‐treatment. Venom immunotherapy is established as specific treatment for Hymenoptera venom allergic patients. Diagnosis of Hymenoptera venom anaphylaxis is based on history, skin tests and measurement of venom‐specific serum IgE antibodies. “False negative” or “false positive” results are possible with all test methods. If standard tests are negative, additional tests using the patient's peripheral blood leucocytes can be useful. Venom immunotherapy is usually well tolerated. After reaching the maintenance dose, therapeutic efficacy should be assessed by a sting challenge test. If the patient again develops a systemic reaction, an increase of the maintenance dose (usually 200 μg are sufficient) nearly always induces protection. In most patients venom immunotherapy can be stopped after (3 to) 5 years. However, if there is an increased risk of sting anaphylaxis due to intense allergen exposure (e.g. in beekeepers) or if there are individual risk factors for particularly severe reactions (especially mastocytosis and/or elevated baseline serum tryptase concentration, severe cardiovascular disease), modifications of the standard venom immunotherapy are necessary.