bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐objective optimization of end‐to‐end sutured anastomosis for robot‐assisted surgery
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Shuxin , Hu S. Jack 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundDue to differences in surgical operations between free‐hand and robot‐assisted vessel anastomosis, there exist new challenges in applying the manipulation criteria of free‐hand surgery to robot‐assisted surgery in order to guarantee successful completion of the surgical procedure.MethodsA mathematical model is established to optimize the process variables in vessel anastomosis. The distance between entry point and cross‐section, suture tension and the number of individual sutures are selected as design variables. The allowable range of suture tension and the difference between longitudinal stresses of vessel tissue on transverse sections are used as the objective functions. Simulation experiments are carried out to obtain the allowable range of suture tension and tissue stress distribution, based on numerical analysis.ResultsFor a vessel in anastomosis with 4 mm diameter, a larger distance between the entry point and the cross‐section and/or more sutures can result in less tissue deformation and a tighter joint between the two vessel ends. The allowable range of suture tension is a function of the number of individual sutures and increases with the decrease of the distance between entry point and cross‐section. The optimal designs providing the suture configuration of distance between entry point and cross‐section and the number of individual sutures are presented in the case that the performance of robot‐assisted anastomosis can be guaranteed without strong control of suture tension.ConclusionsThe work provides meaningful results for the optimal design of the suturing procedure in robot‐assisted vascular anastomosis when the robotic system does not allow tactile feedback. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐Organized Multiconstituent Catalytic Nanomotors
Authors: Gibbs John G. , Zhao Yiping 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSelf‐organized catalytic nanomotors consisting of more than one individual component are presented. Tadpole‐like catalytic nanomotors fabricated by dynamic shadowing growth (DSG) self‐organize randomly to form two‐nanomotor clusters (≈1–3% yield) that spin as opposed to circular motion exhibited by the individual structures. By introducing magnetic materials to another system, self‐assembled “helicopter” nanomotors consisting of a V‐shaped nanomotor and a microbead are formed with ≈25% yield, showing a significantly higher yield than the control (0%). A flexible swimmer system that performs complex swimming, such as maneuvering around stationary objects, is also presented. These nanomotor systems are inherently more complex than those previously studied and may be the next step towards building sophisticated multifunctional nanomachinery systems.
Classification of software patches: a text mining approach
Authors: Raja Uzma , Tretter Marietta J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractInstallation of maintenance patches in operational software systems is a source of significant expenditure and resource consumption. Managers often have to find a balance between publicly announced vulnerabilities and/or possible destabilization of existing applications, while making decisions regarding patch roll out to all systems. We propose a classification scheme for maintenance patches and examine the effects of patch category on the internal characteristics of a software system. Text mining the patch releases of 77 successive versions of the Linux operating system, we extend previous categorization schemes to maintenance patches. This granularity level offers a view of the aggregate nature of the tasks performed in each version. An unsupervised learning technique, cluster analysis associated with Text mining, reveals that there are three identifiable categories in Linux patch files. Based on the maintenance keywords in each category, we label them as:corrective,perfectiveandadaptivepatches. Further analysis of the effects of patch category on the structural complexity and the time to next release indicates that perfective patches are associated with a reduction in the complexity and frequency of patch release. Categorization at the patch level is useful for managers, since changes made to operational software systems are through patches. Determining the nature of a patch can assist managers in planning version roll out and testing criterion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual Liver Resection and Volumetric Analysis of the Future Liver Remnant using Open Source Image Processing Software
Authors: van der Vorst Joost R. , van Dam Ronald M. , van Stiphout Rogier S. A. , van den Broek Maartje A. , Hollander Ilona H. , Kessels Alfons G. H. , Dejong Cornelis H. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundAfter extended liver resection, a remnant liver that is too small can lead to postresection liver failure. To reduce this risk, preoperative evaluation of the future liver remnant volume (FLRV) is critical. The open‐source OsiriX® PAC software system can be downloaded for free and used by nonradiologists to calculate liver volume using a stand‐alone Apple computer. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of OsiriX® CT volumetry for predicting liver resection volume and FLVR in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy.MethodsPreoperative contrast‐enhanced liver CT scans of patients who underwent partial hepatectomy were analyzed by three observers. Two surgical trainees measured the total liver volume, resection volume, and tumor volume using OsiriX®, and a radiologist measured these volumes using CT scanner‐linked Aquarius iNtuition® software. Resection volume was correlated with prospectively determined resection weight, and differences in the measured liver volumes were analyzed. Interobserver variability was assessed using Bland–Altman plots.Results25 patients (M/F ratio: 13/12) with a median age of 61 (range, 34–77) years were included. There were significant correlations between the weight and volume of the resected specimens (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: R2 = 0.95). There were no major differences in total liver volumes, resection volumes, or tumor volumes for observers 1, 2, and 3. Bland–Altman plots showed a small interobserver variability. The mean time to complete liver volumetry for one patient using OsiriX® was 19 ± 3 min.ConclusionsOsiriX® liver volumetry performed by surgeons is an accurate and time‐efficient method for predicting resection volume and FLRV.
Detection of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma by Analysis of BRAF and RET/PTC1 Mutations in Fine‐needle Aspiration Biopsies of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Musholt Thomas J. , Fottner Christian , Weber Matthias M. , Eichhorn Waltraud , Pohlenz Joachim , Musholt Petra B. , Springer Erik , Schad Arno 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackgroundActivating mutations of the oncogene BRAF or rearrangements of the tyrosine kinase receptor RET are observed in up to 80% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). The predominant BRAF V600E mutation has not been detected in benign thyroid tissue so far, so consequently, this assumedly pathognomonic alteration is qualified to improve the preoperative diagnosis of PTC.MethodsTwo hundred ninety preoperatively harvested fine‐needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) underwent routine cytologic assessment. BRAF V600E mutation analysis was performed by mutation‐specific PCR using the same cell material; a hybrid‐specific RT‐PCR assay was used for detection of RET/PTC1 rearrangements. Detected genetic alterations were verified by direct sequencing. Definitive histopathology was obtained in 93/290 lesions following surgery of the respective thyroid nodule.ResultsWhile cytology alone diagnosed 13/30 malignancies (22 PTCs, 4 FTCs, 1 MTC, 1 UTC, 2 metastases), five additional malignancies were identified by supplementary mutation analysis. Cytology classified eight FNABs as benign, while postoperative histology demonstrated a thyroid malignancy (6 PTCs, 1 FTC, 1 metastasis). In four of these eight cases, the genetic analysis detected a BRAF V600E mutation or a RET/PTC1 rearrangement. Classifying both suspicious and malignant FNAB results as positive cytology results, supplementary genetic testing increased the overall sensitivity of FNAB from 70.4 to 85.7%, the positive predictive value (PPV) from 59.4 to 64.9%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) from 84.0 to 91.3%.ConclusionsSupplementary mutation analysis of RET and especially of the BRAF V600E mutation in FNABs is a fast and probably cost‐effective assay in routine diagnostic setting. Mutation analyses of PTC‐specific genetic alterations improve the preoperative identification and prognostic assessment of thyroid malignancies and therefore enable an optimized surgical strategy.
Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Properties of Seeds of Unconventional Oil Plants
Authors: Nogala‐Kalucka Malgorzata , Rudzinska Magdalena , Zadernowski Ryszard , Siger Aleksander , Krzyzostaniak Inga 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants were evaluated in eight plants: safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), viper's bugloss (Echium vulgare), quince (Cydonia vulgaris), evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), rose mosqueta (Rosa affinis rubiginosa), black seed (Nigella sativa), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) and borage (Borago officinales). The highest amounts of tocopherols were contained in seeds of borage and sea buckthorn (66.9 mg/100 g and 45.9 mg/100 g, respectively). The sea buckthorn seed lipids had the highest amount of total sterols (10.4 mg/g of lipids). The predominant form was campesterol. Sitosterol was the major sterol in the lipids of other tested seeds. The content of phenolic compounds ranged from 736.5 mg/100 g dry matter (d.m.) (evening primrose) to 74.8 mg/100 g d.m. (safflower). The highest antioxidant activity, expressed in % scavenged DPPH· free radicals, was observed for evening primrose (91.2%), while the lowest for safflower (36.2%). The correlation coefficient between the level of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was 0.53.
Synthesis and Properties of Ascorbyl Esters Catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM using Triglycerides as Acyl Donors
Authors: Reyes‐Duarte D. , Lopez‐Cortes N. , Torres P. , Comelles F. , Parra J. L. , Peña S. , Ugidos A. V. , Ballesteros A. , Plou F. J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEsters of l‐ascorbic acid with long‐chain fatty acids (E‐304) are employed as antioxidants in foods rich in lipids. Although their enzymatic synthesis offers some advantages compared with the current chemical processes, most of the reported methods employ the immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica as biocatalyst and free fatty acids or activated esters as acyl donors. In order to diminish the cost of the process, we have investigated the synthesis of ascorbyl oleate and ascorbyl palmitate esters with the immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase Lipozyme TL IM—which is significantly less expensive than Novozym 435—and triglycerides as source of fatty acids. Lipozyme TL IM gave rise to a lower yield of 6‐O‐ascorbyl oleate than Novozym 435 when using triolein (64 vs. 84%) and olive oil (27 vs. 33%) as acyl donors. Both 6‐O‐ascorbyl oleate and 6‐O‐ascorbyl palmitate displayed excellent surfactant and antioxidant properties. The Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capability values for the oleate and palmitate were 71 and 84%, respectively, of those obtained with l‐ascorbic acid; however, both derivatives were able to stabilize soybean oil towards peroxide formation.
Twinkle twinkle little stone: utilizing color Doppler in emergency ultrasound diagnosis of a ureterovesicular stone
Authors: Sutijono Darrell , Bomann J. Scott , Moore Christopher L. , van Tonder Reinier 
Published: July 2010

Abstract

Case report
A case of a 43-year-old woman presenting with acute left flank pain is reported.

Method and result
Point-of-care ultrasound utilizing color Doppler revealed a twinkling artifact at the left ureterovesicular junction, consistent with a ureterovesicular stone. The sonographic findings and significance of the twinkling artifact are described.
How persuasive messages can influence behavior without awareness
Authors: Russo J. Edward , Chaxel Anne‐Sophie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA persuasive message that favors one option in a binary choice can enhance the apparent value of its target by biasing the interpretation of subsequent information. The message installs its target as the initial leader in preference and lets the predecisional distortion of information defend that leadership position. An experiment that contrasts showing TV commercials before and after objective product information demonstrates this process. Ratings of the importance of the commercials to the choice indicate that people are aware of advertising's direct effect on their choice but not of its indirect effect through the biased evaluation of the product information.
Zigzag instability of vortex pairs in stratified and rotating fluids. Part 1. General stability equations.
Authors: BILLANT PAUL 
Published: July 2010

In stratified and rotating fluids, pairs of columnar vertical vortices are subjected to three-dimensional bending instabilities known as the zigzag instability or as the tall-column instability in the quasi-geostrophic limit. This paper presents a general asymptotic theory for these instabilities. The equations governing the interactions between the strain and the slow bending waves of each vortex column in stratified and rotating fluids are derived for long vertical wavelength and when the two vortices are well separated, i.e. when the radii R of the vortex cores are small compared to the vortex separation distance b. These equations have the same form as those obtained for vortex filaments in homogeneous fluids except that the expressions of the mutual-induction and self-induction functions are different. A key difference is that the sign of the self-induction function is reversed compared to homogeneous fluids when the fluid is strongly stratified: |max| < N (where N is the Brunt–Väisälä frequency and max the maximum angular velocity of the vortex) for any vortex profile and magnitude of the planetary rotation. Physically, this means that slow bending waves of a vortex rotate in the same direction as the flow inside the vortex when the fluid is stratified-rotating in contrast to homogeneous fluids. When the stratification is weaker, i.e. |max| > N, the self-induction function is complex because the bending waves are damped by a viscous critical layer at the radial location where the angular velocity of the vortex is equal to the Brunt–Väisälä frequency.In contrast to previous theories, which apply only to strongly stratified non-rotating fluids, the present theory is valid for any planetary rotation rate and when the strain is smaller than the Brunt–Väisälä frequency: Γ/(2πb2) ≪ N, where Γ is the vortex circulation. Since the strain is small, this condition is met across a wide range of stratification: from weakly to strongly stratified fluids. The theory is further generalized formally to any basic flow made of an arbitrary number of vortices in stratified and rotating fluids. Viscous and diffusive effects are also taken into account at leading order in Reynolds number when there is no critical layer. In Part 2 (Billant et al., J. Fluid Mech., 2010, doi:10.1017/S002211201000282X), the stability of vortex pairs will be investigated using the present theory and the predictions will be shown to be in very good agreement with the results of direct numerical stability analyses. The existence of the zigzag instability and the distinctive stability properties of vortex pairs in stratified and rotating fluids compared to homogeneous fluids will be demonstrated to originate from the sign reversal of the self-induction function.
A spectrum of disease in Human African trypanosomiasis: the host and parasite genetics of virulence
Authors: STERNBERG JEREMY M. , MACLEAN LORNA 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYFor over 50 years it has been known that there are considerable differences in the severity and rate of progression of bothTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambienseinfection between individuals. Yet research into the factors, whether parasite or host, which control virulence in Human African trypanosomiasis is in its infancy. In this paper we review the clinical evidence for virulence variation and the epidemiological and experimental data that give clues as to the mechanisms involved. Evidence will be presented for both asymptomatic forms ofT. b. gambienseinfection and low virulence forms ofT. b. rhodesienseinfection in humans. While in both cases the mechanisms remain to be elucidated, the overall infection virulence phenotype is determined by both parasite and host genotype.
DNA damage and repair in human oocytes and embryos: a review
Authors: Ménézo Yves , Dale Brian , Cohen Marc 
Published: July 2010

SummaryThe genome of all cells is protected at all times by mechanisms collectively known as DNA repair activity (DRA). Such activity is particularly important at the beginning of human life, i.e. at fertilization, immediately after and at the very onset of embryonic development. DRA in early development is, by definition, of maternal origin: the transcripts stored during maturation, need to control the integrity of chromatin, at least until the maternal/zygotic transition at the 4- to 8-cell stage in the human embryo. Tolerance towards DNA damage must be low during this critical stage of development. The majority of DNA damage is due to either apoptosis or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apoptosis, abortive or not, is a common feature in human sperm, especially in oligoasthenospermic patients and FAS ligand has been reported on the surface of human spermatozoa. The susceptibility of human sperm to DNA damage is well documented, particularly the negative effect of ROS (Kodama et al., 1997; Lopes et al., 1998a, b) and DNA modifying agents (Zenzes et al., 1999; Badouard et al., 2007). DNA damage in sperm is one of the major causes of male infertility and is of much concern in relation to the paternal transmission of mutations and cancer (Zenzes, 2000; Aitken et al., 2003; Fernández-Gonzalez, 2008). It is now clear that DNA damaged spermatozoa are able to reach the fertilization site in vivo (Zenzes et al., 1999), fertilize oocytes and generate early embryos both in vivo and in vitro. The effect of ROS on human oocytes is not as easy to study or quantify. It is a common consensus that the maternal genome is relatively well protected while in the maturing follicle; however damage may occur during the long quiescent period before meiotic re-activation (Zenzes et al., 1998). In fact, during the final stages of follicular growth, the oocyte may be susceptible to damage by ROS. With regards to the embryo there is active protection against ROS in the surrounding environment i.e. in follicular and tubal fluid (El Mouatassim et al., 2000; Guerin et al., 2001). DNA repair activity in the zygote is mandatory in order to avoid mutation in the germ line (Derijck et al., 2008). In this review we focus on the expression of mRNAs that regulate DNA repair capacity in the human oocyte and the mechanisms that protect the embryo against de novo damage.
Possible interactions between bacterial diversity, microbial activity and supraglacial hydrology of cryoconite holes in Svalbard
Authors: Edwards Arwyn , Anesio Alexandre M , Rassner Sara M , Sattler Birgit , Hubbard Bryn , Perkins William T , Young Michael , Griffith Gareth W 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
The diversity of highly active bacterial communities in cryoconite holes on three Arctic glaciers in Svalbard was investigated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA locus. Construction and sequencing of clone libraries allowed several members of these communities to be identified, with Proteobacteria being the dominant one, followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes. T-RFLP data revealed significantly different communities in holes on the (cold) valley glacier Austre Brøggerbreen relative to two adjacent (polythermal) valley glaciers, Midtre Lovénbreen and Vestre Brøggerbreen. These population compositions correlate with differences in organic matter content, temperature and the metabolic activity of microbial communities concerned. No within-glacier spatial patterns were observed in the communities identified over the 2-year period and with the 1 km-spaced sampling. We infer that surface hydrology is an important factor in the development of cryoconite bacterial communities.
Prioritizing Healthcare Worker Vaccinations on the Basis of Social Network Analysis
Authors: Polgreen Philip M. , Tassier Troy Leo , Pemmaraju Sriram Venkata , Segre Alberto Maria 
Published: July 2010

Objective.To use social network analysis to design more effective strategies for vaccinating healthcare workers against influenza.Design.An agent-based simulation.Setting.A simulation based on a 700-bed hospital.Methods.We first observed human contacts (defined as approach within approximately 0.9 m) performed by 15 categories of healthcare workers (eg, floor nurses, intensive care unit nurses, staff physicians, phlebotomists, and respiratory therapists). We then constructed a series of contact graphs to represent the social network of the hospital and used these graphs to run agent-based simulations to model the spread of influenza. A targeted vaccination strategy that preferentially vaccinated more “connected” healthcare workers was compared with other vaccination strategies during simulations with various base vaccination rates, vaccine effectiveness, probability of transmission, duration of infection, and patient length of stay.Results.We recorded 6,654 contacts by 148 workers during 606 hours of observations from January through December 2006. Unit clerks, X-ray technicians, residents and fellows, transporters, and physical and occupational therapists had the most contacts. When repeated contacts with the same individual were excluded, transporters, unit clerks, X-ray technicians, physical and occupational therapists, and social workers had the most contacts. Preferentially vaccinating healthcare workers in more connected job categories yielded a substantially lower attack rate and fewer infections than a random vaccination strategy for all simulation parameters.Conclusions.Social network models can be used to derive more effective vaccination policies, which are crucial during vaccine shortages or in facilities with low vaccination rates. Local vaccination priorities can be determined in any healthcare facility with only a modest investment in collection of observational data on different types of healthcare workers. Our findings and methods (ie, social network analysis and computational simulation) have implications for the design of effective interventions to control a broad range of healthcare-associated infections.
A fast and robust statistical test based on likelihood ratio with Bartlett correction to identify Granger causality between gene sets
Authors: Fujita André , Kojima Kaname , Patriota Alexandre G. , Sato João R. , Severino Patricia , Miyano Satoru 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Summary: We propose a likelihood ratio test (LRT) with Bartlett correction in order to identify Granger causality between sets of time series gene expression data. The performance of the proposed test is compared to a previously published bootstrap-based approach. LRT is shown to be significantly faster and statistically powerful even within non-Normal distributions. An R package named gGranger containing an implementation for both Granger causality identification tests is also provided.
Availability: http://dnagarden.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/afujita/en/doku.php?id=ggranger.
Contact: andrefujita@riken.jp
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.