bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycling spent animal cell culture media using the thermally resistant microalga Chlorella sorokiniana
Authors: Thyden Richard , Dominko Tanja , Weathers Pamela , Freitas dos Santos Antonio Carlos , Perreault Luke , Reddig David , Kloster Jack , Gaudette Glenn 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cell culture media is a significant contributor to the high cost of bioprocesses. This study explored the potential of algae to re-condition spent cell culture medium, which may reduce the costs of pharmaceutical and lab-grown-meat manufacturing. Chlorella sorokiniana, a thermally resistant microalgal species, exhibited heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth in mammalian cell culture growth media (GM). Spent animal cell media, generated by culturing quail myoblast cells (QM7s) for 4 or 8d (4D-SGM and 8D-SGM, respectively), was harvested for algal culture. Increased algal growth was observed in 4D-SGM, when compared to fresh media after 3d (optical density of 1.39 ± 0.22, 0.47 ± 0.17, p ≤ 0.05). Within 72 h, ammonia and glucose were eliminated from 4D-SGM with algal treatment. After treating 4D-SGM with algae, the treated media was reintroduced into QM7 cell cultures. No cytotoxic effects were observed on QM7 cells grown in algal-treated growth media and QM7 cells exhibited better metabolic activity in algal-treated spent medium than in untreated spent medium (80.85 ± 12.02% and 44.57 ± 10.82% activity of fresh media group, respectively, p ≤ 0.05). These results suggest that C. sorokiniana can be grown in spent media at 37 °C, sequester ammonia, and potentially extend the lifespan of media, thereby enabling more affordable bioprocesses.
CLIL, a competence-based coping strategy against foreign language anxiety in higher education
Authors: López-Medina Esteban Francisco , Casado Casado Jesús Manuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article presents a study carried out in the subject of Didactics of English for Very Young Learners, taught in English to Spanish-speaking students at the School of Education of the Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. Three comparable classes were exposed to different teaching and assessment conditions. Two of them were the research groups, learning under a competence-based CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) paradigm, while the control group did so under a content-based EMI (English-Medium Instruction) model. The participants (n = 76) were asked to answer two questionnaires, which collected their expectations (pre-questionnaire) and final perceptions (post-questionnaire) in regard to their levels of anxiety towards studying in English. The qualitative and quantitative comparison of their answers facilitated results that allowed to discuss and conclude the beneficial effect of CLIL as a competence-based coping strategy to diminish foreign language anxiety among student teachers who face the challenge of learning in a bilingual classroom setting.
Examining fire service coverage and potential sites for fire station locations in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: KC Kiran , Ardianto Rifan , Wang Siqin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the densely populated Kathmandu Metropolitan City, inadequate fire service coverage poses a significant fire risk. With the demand for fire services increasing due to rapid growth in population and infrastructure development, the limited number of fire stations, insufficient human and physical resources, poor street connectivity, narrow streets, and delays in response to calls for emergency services have resulted in significant property loss, environmental impact, serious injuries, and even loss of life. Although a substantial body of research exists on understanding fire patterns and fire station site selection in developed countries, there is a noticeable lack of similar research in developing countries, which can be attributed to a lack of available data and interest. This study utilises ward-level urban fire incident data in Kathmandu from July 2019 to February 2023 to examine the spatial pattern of fire risk, fire service coverage and identify potential sites for fire stations. Results reveal a significantly higher fire rate in the central part of the city. Fire rescue service cannot reach most areas in Kathmandu within 5 min, with some areas exceeding 10 min response time. The findings from this study will enable fire agencies to enhance the operational efficiency of emergency response and help develop policies and programs related to fire risk prevention and mitigation. This includes targeted education and awareness campaigns and the allocation of finite fire service resources, such as the strategic placement of fire stations.
Porous interlocking assembly: performance-based dry masonry construction with digital stereotomy
Authors: Hua Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractArchitected porosity in masonry structures can be created by transforming stock materials into a lattice of interlocking units through an automated batch process. Porous masonry forms numerous enclosed cavities for thermal performance and reduces material usage while maintaining structural integrity. This work investigates the potential and limits of digital tectonics of porous masonry through a complete process of design, manufacturing, and construction. The confluence of digital fabrication with tectonic exploration opens new dimensions unattainable by traditional stereotomy. Interlocking materials inspired by Abeille vault and digital stereotomy have made rapid progress. Following the theory of poetic construction, this work proposes that masonry construction should evoke visual or haptic enhancement through the fulfillment of pragmatic functions. We formulated a design challenge for a confined dry masonry wall for the envelope of the 2226 building. It assumes batch-cutting bespoke units out of large blocks of high-strength foam. Through a process of cutting and reassembling, the stock material is topologically expanded into a porous structure. A series of prototypes were developed to explore novel articulation, structural and thermal performance, and economical manufacturing. One can perceive the logic of porous construction through visual and haptic empathy. The materialization process interacts with the design masonry units and the interlocking mechanism. For future practice in masonry, the porosity should be planned at multiple scales (molecular scale, aggerate scale, construction scale) across the life cycle of the material.
Gastrointestinal metastatic melanoma: imaging findings and review of literature
Authors: Lo Mastro Antonio , Grassi Roberto , Reginelli Alfonso , Russo Anna , Urraro Fabrizio , Belfiore Maria Paola , Sandomenico Fabio , Iovino Maria , Picascia Ornella , Montella Marco , Di Costanzo Giuseppe , La Porta Michelearcangelo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMelanoma represents approximately 5% of all the skin cancers and is well known for its ability to metastasize to a wide range of atypical locations. Organs most commonly affected by metastatic melanoma include liver, lung and brain, but spread to the gastrointestinal tract is not uncommon and small bowel involvement ranges from 51 to 71% of the cases. Given the nonspecific nature of the clinical presentation and the broad differential diagnosis, the prompt choice of imaging modality and its correct interpretation is important in order to perform a timely diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment of these lesions improve survival and quality of life, even in palliative cases. In this narrative review, we analyze the different imaging modalities used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal metastases from melanoma. Typical radiological signs supporting the radiologists in interpreting images are also discussed.
Primary renal synovial sarcoma with negative immunohistochemistry: a case report and literature review
Authors: Della Giustina Massimo , Sartori Paolo , Laurino Licia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractJust less than 200 cases of primary renal synovial sarcoma (PRSS) are known, a very rare neoplasm of the kidney. The diagnosis can be very challenging because of its similarity with other neoplasms, and is based on anatomopathological analyses, especially immunohistochemistry and cytogenetics. Due to the rarity, there are no standard protocols for treatment, although radical nephrectomy is considered the primary treatment and can be associated or not with chemotherapy. We present a case of PRSS with negative immunohistochemistry: the importance of both methods for a correct diagnosis is underlined, and a literature review of this rare entity is presented.
Unrecognized bone fractures of the extremities in Emergency Radiology: the invisible become visible on 3D 80 micron
Authors: Lo Mastro Antonio , Boccia Francesco , Berritto Daniela , Stoppino Luca Pio , Guerra Egidio , D’Alessandro Paolo , Pinto Fabio , Grassi Francesca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In the last few years CBCT’s applications have expanded, especially in the field of musculoskeletal. In this study, we aim to analyze the diagnostic value and the use of CBCT in Emergency Radiology for the evaluation of extremity trauma.

Methods
The present retrospective study included a total of 72 distal limb trauma cases who were admitted in the Emergency Radiology Department of “Policlinico Riuniti di Foggia” during September 2022 to December 2023. All the cases required further medical diagnostic investigation after an initial examination CR. Among these, 12 were excluded for suspected poly-traumas and MDCT was directly performed. Of the 60, divided into 2 groups, 42 had negative or non-diagnostic CR result, and CBCT was performed as second-level exam, 18 with a fracture confirmed by CR underwent CBCT for surgical planning.

Results
In the first group, 17 (40.5%) had negative CR results, and 25 (59.5%) had doubtful/non-diagnostic CR results. 25 (59.5%) presented a positive CBCT exam for fracture. In the second group, anyone required further diagnostic investigations for orthopedic surgery.

Conclusions
Thanks to high spatial resolution, low radiation dose, fast acquisition, and its three-dimensionality in space (3D), CBCT could be the first investigation in the cases of fractures clinically suspicious in locations with bone overlap.
The clinical pathway in ADMiRE, Ireland’s first public specialist service for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: McGrath Jane 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder occurring in approximately one in twenty young people in Ireland, and in one-third of those attending Irish Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). It is important to treat ADHD, as un/poorly treated ADHD is associated with a raft of negative health and socio-economic outcomes. Effective interventions for ADHD are available, and the use of standardised, evidence-based pathways for assessment and management of ADHD optimises outcomes. Despite this, there is no national standardised clinical pathway for assessment and treatment of ADHD in Ireland. ADMiRE, the first public healthcare specialist service for children and adolescents in Ireland, has developed a strongly evidence-based, efficient, effective and safe clinical pathway for assessment and management of ADHD. This paper describes the ADMiRE Clinical Pathway and references ADMiRE resources that are available to other services.
Anti-corruption Audits and Citizens’ Trust in Audit and Auditee Institutions
Authors: Barbabela Letícia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnticorruption audits may deter corruption and signal to citizens that institutions are proactively combating it. However, by detecting and reporting corruption, audits might also unintentionally erode trust in institutions. Therefore, the impact of audits potentially hinges on whether they uncover corruption. Audit institutions, not implicated in the corruption they uncover, might be less likely to experience a decline in trust compared to auditee institutions. This study uses survey and administrative data from Brazil, leveraging a federal anti-corruption program that randomly selects municipalities for auditing. Results do not support the claim that audits boost institutional trust. Individuals in audited municipalities show no different levels of trust in local government or the audit institution than those in non-audited municipalities, and the coefficients may even indicate a negative effect. Additionally, audit institutions may not be better insulated from the corrosive effects of uncovering corruption than the institutions they audit.
Deconstructing racial code words
Authors: Pfeiffer Deirdre , Hu Xiaoqian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRacism has become more covert in post-civil rights America. Yet, measures to combat it are hindered by inadequate general knowledge on what “colorblind” race talk says and does and what makes it effective. We deepen understanding of covert racism by investigating one type of discourse – racial code words, which are (1) indirect signifiers of racial or ethnic groups that contain (2) at least one positive or negative value judgment and (3) contextually implied or salient meanings. Through a thematic analysis of 734 racial code words from 97 scholarly texts, we develop an interpretive framework that explains their tropes, linguistic mechanisms and unique roles in perpetuating racism, drawing from race, linguistic and cultural studies. Racial code words promote tropes of White people’s respectability and privilege and Racial/Ethnic Minorities’ pathology and inferiority in efficient, adaptable, plausibly deniable and almost always racially stratifying ways, often through euphemism, metonymy and othering. They construct a “colorblind” discursivity and propel both “epistemic racism” (racism in knowledge) and systemic racism (racism in action). We further strengthen applications of Critical Race Theory in sociolegal studies of race by presenting a “racial meaning decoding tool” to assist legal and societal measures to detect coded racism.
Concerns about Contextual Values in Science and the Legitimate/Illegitimate Distinction
Authors: de Melo-Martín Inmaculada 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhilosophers of science have come to accept that contextual values can play unavoidable and desirable roles in science. This has raised concerns about the need to distinguish legitimate and illegitimate value influences in scientific inquiry. I discuss here four such concerns: epistemic distortion, value imposition, undermining of public trust in science, and the use of objectionable values. I contend that preserving epistemic integrity and avoiding value imposition provide good reasons to attempt to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate influences of values in science. However, the trust and the objectionable values concerns constitute no good reason for demarcation criteria.
The Conduct of Hostilities, Attack Effects, and Criminal Accountability
Authors: Corn Geoffrey 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWar crimes related to the decision to carry out attacks during the conduct of hostilities are almost always defined in terms of conduct and not result (Article 8(2)(b) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court). Yet it is common for critiques of such decisions to focus on attack results as proof of their alleged illegality. While such results are probative of compliance or non-compliance with international humanitarian law rules regulating the conduct of hostilities, they should rarely be indisputable. This article addresses the challenge of attaching probative value to attack results when assessing responsibility for alleged war crimes based on allegedly illicit attack decisions.
Gedächtnis trifft Einleitung. Ein neuer Blick auf alte Fragen
Authors: Huebenthal Sandra 
Published: June 2024

German AbstractAusgehend von der kulturwissenschaftlichen Forschung zu Familienalben und deren Gemeinsamkeiten mit dem Neuen Testament lädt dieser Beitrag dazu ein, darüber nachzudenken, was sich verändert, wenn wir die Fragen der Einführung in das Neue Testament durch die Brille der Theorie des sozialen Gedächtnisses betrachten. Aufbauend auf Forschungsergebnissen der Oral History und kulturwissenschaftlichen Gedächtnistheorie wird argumentiert, dass die allgemeine Einleitung in den Bereich des kulturellen Gedächtnisses und die spezielle Einleitung in den Bereich des sozialen/kollektiven Gedächtnisses fällt. Beide sind durch den Floating Gap getrennt, was die vielfach wahrgenommenen Veränderungen in der ersten Hälfte des zweiten Jahrhunderts erklärt. Im nächsten Schritt wird ein Modell, das auf dem Dreigenerationengedächtnis, der Generational Gap (nach einer Generation), der Floating Gap (nach 3-4 Generationen) und den ersten Generationen von Jesus-Anhängern aufbaut, mit Vorschlägen zur Datierung neutestamentlicher Bücher aus der Einleitungswissenschaft ins Gespräch gebracht. Es zeigt sich, dass die vor und nach dem Generational Gap verwendeten Genres je unterschiedliche Eigenschaften haben, die den Erwartungen an Medien des sozialen und kollektiven Gedächtnisses entsprechen. Der Beitrag schließt mit allgemeinen Fragen zu Medien und Medienwandel im Neuen Testament, d.h. Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit, identische Texte und Textkritik, dem Kanon als primärem Kontext, der Ausweitung des Geltungsbereichs sowie fluiden Gattungen, und kommt zu dem Schluss, dass kulturwissenschaftliche Gedächtnistheorie in der Tat neue Perspektiven für die Einleitungswissenschaft bietet.
Origen's Sources of Exegetical Authority: The Construction of an Inspired Exegete in the Pauline Lineage
Authors: DeCock Miriam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I examine several sources of authority to which Origen laid claim as he set about the task of interpreting scripture. On occasion, in both his commentaries and his homilies, Origen provided accounts of his access to three different, though connected sources of authority that contributed to his self-presentation as an expert interpreter. These sources are as follows: 1) participation in the lineage of the apostles, particularly his exegetical role model, Paul. The second source of authority is a result of the first: 2) direct communication from the Logos, whom he understands to be Christ himself, and 3) angelic assistance and engagement with his pastoral exegetical project. In some instances, Origen even claimed to be on par with two of these sources of authority; he can be found claiming to have exegetical abilities similar to Paul's and, on some rare occasions, to have reached the same epistemological level as the angels. This analysis provides us not only with a case study of the kind of self-fashioning and authorising strategies used by elite scriptural exegetes in the first few centuries of the common era, but it also allows us to shift our focus away from exegetical methods towards the figure, personality and social position of the exegete him or herself. From this shift of focus we gain a better appreciation of a topic to which exegetical authors themselves dedicated considerable energy: just who it was that could occupy the office of authoritative Christian exegete and why.
The Greetings of Romans 16 and the Audience of Romans
Authors: Head Peter M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis short paper considers and critiques the view that the named people greeted in Romans 16.3–16 are not also among the recipients of the letter to ‘all God's beloved in Rome’ (Rom 1.7). Variants of this view spring from the work of Mullins (1968): that the second-person greeting involves the greeting of ‘a third party who is not intended to be among the immediate readership of the letter’ (Mullins, 1968: 420) and are found in Thorsteinsson (2003), Stowers (2015) and Campbell (2023). A series of arguments are made against this view. In particular, the plural form of the imperative (ἀσπάσασθɛ) and the open nature of the addressees mean that Mullins' simple principle does not apply. In addition, Paul's usage elsewhere (including in Romans 16.16) contradicts Mullins' principle.
Posterior cingulate and medial prefrontal excitation-inhibition balance in euthymic bipolar disorder
Authors: Tseng Huai-Hsuan , Wu Cheng Ying , Chang Hui Hua , Lu Tsung-Hua , Chang Wei Hung , Hsu Chia-Fen , Lin Ren-Yi , Yeh Ding-Ruey , Shaw Fu-Zen , Yang Yen Kuang , Chen Po See 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPersistent cognitive deficits and functional impairments are associated with bipolar disorder (BD), even during the euthymic phase. The dysfunction of default mode network (DMN) is critical for self-referential and emotional mental processes and is implicated in BD. The current study aims to explore the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, i.e. glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in hubs of the DMN during the euthymic patients with BD (euBD).MethodThirty-four euBD and 55 healthy controls (HC) were recruited to the study. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), glutamate (with PRESS sequence) and GABA levels (with MEGAPRESS sequence) were measured in the medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (mPFC/ACC) and the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC). Measured concentrations of excitatory glutamate/glutamine (Glx) and inhibitory GABA were used to calculate the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) ratio. Executive and attentional functions were respectively assessed using the Wisconsin card-sorting test and continuous performance test.ResultseuBD performed worse on attentional function than controls (p = 0.001). Compared to controls, euBD had higher E/I ratios in the PCC (p = 0.023), mainly driven by a higher Glx level in the PCC of euBD (p = 0.002). Only in the BD group, a marginally significant negative association between the mPFC E/I ratio (Glx/GABA) and executive function was observed (p = 0.068).ConclusionsDisturbed E/I balance, particularly elevated Glx/GABA ratio in PCC is observed in euBD. The E/I balance in hubs of DMN may serve as potential biomarkers for euBD, which may also contribute to their poorer executive function.
The relationship between proportions of carbohydrate and fat intake and hyperglycaemia risk in Chinese adults
Authors: Fan Yayun , Huang Qingqing , Gao Honglan , Huang Fengying , He Dingliu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To address the relationship between the proportions of carbohydrates and fat and hyperglycaemia in the Chinese population.

Design:
A cross-section research involving data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009, and nutritional status and health indicators were mainly focused.

Setting:
China.

Participants:
8197 Chinese individuals aged over 16 years, including 1345 subjects who had a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, 3951 individuals who had a medium proportion of carbohydrate and fat diet, 2660 participants who had a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet and 241 people who had a very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet.

Results:
Subjects with the high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet were significantly associated with an increased risk of hyperglycaemia (OR: 1·142; 95 % CI: 1·022, 1·276) when compared with the individuals with the medium proportion of carbohydrate and fat diet. Meanwhile, people with a very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet had a higher risk of hyperglycaemia (OR: 1·829; 95 % CI: 1·377, 2·429). In contrast, the association between participants with a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet and hyperglycaemia was NS (OR: 1·082; 95 % CI: 0·942, 1·243) with adjusting a series of confounding factors. Furthermore, people with a very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet were significantly associated with a higher risk of hyperglycaemia in the major energy levels and social characteristics subgroup.

Conclusions:
We found the high-carbohydrate and low-fat and very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diets were significantly associated with a high risk of hyperglycaemia. And, the association between low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets and the risk of hyperglycaemia was NS.