bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of investor sophistication on the influence of nonfinancial performance indicators on investors’ judgments
Authors: Coram Paul J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an experiment that examines how enhanced disclosure of nonfinancial performance indicators affects the stock‐price estimates of nonprofessional and professional investors. Participants were provided with a case study containing excerpts from a hypothetical company’s annual report. The experiment was a 2 (nonprofessional and professional) × 3 (positive nonfinancial performance indicators, negative nonfinancial performance indicators, and financial information only) between‐subjects design. Consistent with conservatism, the nonprofessional investors underreacted in their stock‐price estimates to the positive nonfinancial disclosures, compared with professional investors with task‐specific knowledge. The results from this study suggest that the value of enhanced disclosure of this type may not flow equally to all users of financial reports, if conservatism, and lack of task‐specific knowledge, adversely affect their decision‐making.
Microalbuminuria as an early marker of renal involvement in Behcet’s disease: it is associated with neurological involvement and duration of the disease
Authors: Kavala M , Menteş F , Kocaturk E , Ergin H , Zindanci I , Can B , Turkoglu Z , Südogan S 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBackground  Despite its nature as a systemic vasculitis, renal involvement is known to occur infrequently in Behçet’s Disease (BD).Objectives  Our aim was to investigate proteinuria, microhematuria and microalbuminuria in 24‐h urine and evaluate subclinical or symptomatic renal involvement in BD patients.Methods  Two hundred and eleven patients who fulfilled the International Behçet’s Disease criteria were included in the study. After urine analysis, five of 12 patients who were found to have proteinuria underwent renal biopsy, while 199 patients without proteinuria were investigated for microalbuminuria (MA).Results  A total of 34 (16.1%) patients were found to have renal involvement including 22 (11.1%) with MA and 12 with proteinuria (5.6%). Renal biopsies resulted as focal glomerulosclerosis in three, membranous glomerulosclerosis in one and secondary amyloidosis in two patients. Neurological involvement was found to be significantly more prevalent in patients with MA (P <0.01). Neurological involvement and duration of disease (≥10 years) was found to increase the risk for MA by 21.75‐fold and 5.03‐fold, respectively. Though age over 40 years, thrombophlebitis, HLA B51 haplotype and opthalmological involvement were not found to be significantly associated with MA; these parameters increased the risk for MA.Conclusions  Renal involvement may be more prevalent in BD than it has been recognized; it usually presents with asymptomatic microhematuria, proteinuria and/or microalbuminuria; therefore clinicians must check 24‐h urine for the presence of proteinuria, microhematuria and microalbuminuria; especially in patients who are aged over 40 years, have a longer duration of the disease and multisystem involvement.
Widespread historical presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in African pipid frogs
Authors: Soto‐Azat Claudio , Clarke Barry T. , Poynton John C. , Cunningham Andrew A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAim  Amphibian chytridiomycosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is associated with global amphibian population declines and species extinctions. Current evidence indicates that the pathogen has recently spread globally from an enzootic focus, with Xenopus spp. (family Pipidae) in South Africa having been identified as a likely source. The aim of this study was to investigate further the likelihood of African Xenopus spp. as the original source of Bd.Location  We examined 665 museum specimens of 20 species of African and South American pipid frogs collected between 1844 and 1994 and held in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London.Methods  Skin brushings taken from adult amphibians and brushings from the mouthparts, lips and developing hind limbs of larval pipid frogs were examined for the presence of Bd using real‐time PCR.Results  We found six cases of Bd infection in three Xenopus spp. (from Africa), but none of the South American pipids was positive, although only 45 South American frogs were available for examination. The earliest case of Bd infection was in a specimen of Xenopus fraseri collected from Cameroon in 1933. A consistently low prevalence of infection over time indicates that a historical equilibrium existed between Xenopus spp. and Bd infection in Africa.Main conclusions  Our results suggest that Bd infection was present in Xenopus spp. across sub‐Saharan Africa by the 1930s, providing additional support for the ‘out of Africa’ hypothesis. If this hypothesis is correct, it strengthens the argument for stringent control of human‐assisted movements of amphibians and other wildlife world‐wide to minimize the likelihood of pathogen introduction and disease emergence that can threaten species globally. Our findings help inform species selection for conservation in the face of the current Bd pandemic and also guide future research directions for selecting Bd isolates for sequencing and virulence testing.
Excited State Processes in 1‐Deazariboflavin Studied by Ultrafast Fluorescence Kinetics
Authors: Slavov Chavdar , Mansurova Madina , Holzwarth Alfred R. , Gärtner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe photochemical reactions of the 1‐deaza derivative of riboflavin (RF) have been studied by sub‐ps time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. A potential effect of the solvent polarity and hydrogen bonding capability on the excited state (ES) dynamics was tested by measuring 1‐deaza RF in water and, after acetylation of the sugar moiety, also in acetonitrile. Opposite to former reports, which indicated no fluorescence after laser excitation (Spencer et al. [1977] Biochemistry16: 3586–3594), we find a significant fluorescence in either solvent. For both compounds, the fluorescence decays are biexponential with lifetimes in the ps time domain (1.8 and 12.5 ps for 1‐deaza RF, and 3 and 87 ps for Ac4‐1‐deaza RF). In addition, a third, independent fluorescence decay was observed for both compounds. The remarkably slower second decay process for the measurements of the tetra‐acetyl derivative in acetonitrile points to the involvement of hydrogen bonding or changes in the protonation/tautomerization state in the ES. In contrast to the parent compound (RF), no triplet state formation can be detected for 1‐deaza RF, making the internal conversion and the fluorescence the only decay processes of the ES.
Glioblastoma Proto-oncogene SEC61γ Is Required for Tumor Cell Survival and Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Lu Zheming , Zhou Lei , Killela Patrick , Rasheed Ahmed B. , Di Chunhui , Poe William E. , McLendon Roger E. , Bigner Darell D. , Nicchitta Christopher , Yan Hai 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most prevalent type of adult brain tumor and one of the deadliest tumors known to mankind. The genetic understanding of glioblastoma multiforme is, however, limited, and the molecular mechanisms that facilitate glioblastoma multiforme cell survival and growth within the tumor microenvironment are largely unknown. We applied digital karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays to screen for copy-number changes in glioblastoma multiforme samples and found that the most frequently amplified region is at chromosome 7p11.2. The high resolution of digital karyotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism arrays permits the precise delineation of amplicon boundaries and has enabled identification of the minimal region of amplification at chromosome 7p11.2, which contains two genes, EGFR and SEC61γ. SEC61γ encodes a subunit of a heterotrimeric protein channel located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition to its high frequency of gene amplification in glioblastoma multiforme, SEC61γ is also remarkably overexpressed in 77% of glioblastoma multiforme but not in lower-grade gliomas. The small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of SEC61γ expression in tumor cells led to growth suppression and apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed that pharmacologic ER stress agents induce SEC61γ expression in glioblastoma multiforme cells. Together, these results indicate that aberrant expression of SEC61γ serves significant roles in glioblastoma multiforme cell survival likely via a mechanism that is involved in the cytoprotective ER stress–adaptive response to the tumor microenvironment. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):9105–11]
Old Wine in New Flasks: The Story of Late Neoclassical Midrash
Authors: Atzmon Arnon 
Published: November 2009

Scholarly consensus holds that early classical midrashim focused upon midrashically glossing the local verse. This is primarily true for the exegetical midrashim, but it is also true for the homiletical midrashim as well. In contrast, the later midrashim were principally concerned with expanding the biblical story. Many scholars have shown that we witness the narrative component taking pride of place over that once occupied by the exegetical component in midrashic literature.
In this paper, I wish to shed light upon another evolutionary direction in the history of the late midrash, a stage which I will refer to as ‘late neoclassical midrash.’ In this evolutionary branch, there was a structural return to the verse-focused exegetical style of classical midrash. A redactor of this midrashic type often used materials already shaped by the later narrative style, reshaping them back into the earlier classical form.
The paper will begin by reviewing a number of brief, neoclassical, midrashic compositions, namely, Midrash Exodus Rabbah I, and Midrash Esther Rabbah II, and continue by demonstrating this neoclassical phenomenon by analyzing aggadicnarrative material from the midrash Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer, assimilated by the neoclassical Esther Rabbah II.
Various literary and historical approaches for analysing this phenomenon will be suggested. Among these, I will suggest that these midrashim were created in a historical circumstance, in Spain, in which the stature of biblical commentary was ascendant. The desire to return to the classical midrashic form reflected a tendency to strengthen the bond between Hazal’s derashot and the biblical text, an approach designed to strengthen the position of the midrashic tradition as biblical commentary.
Realisierung von Sozialen Netzwerken im Semantic Web mit OntoWikiOntoWiki – a Social Semantic Web Wiki-Node
Authors: Dietzold Sebastian , Auer Sören 
Published: November 2009

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir, wie auf Basis einfach zu implementierender Kommunikations-Technologien, wie Linked Data und Pingback, ein soziales Semantisches Web aufgebaut werden kann. Wir erläutern dies an wichtigen Aktivitätsmustern für Social Networks und stellen unsere Implementierung vor, welche in das Semantische Daten-Wiki OntoWiki integriert ist.
Semantic Desktop for the End-UserSemantic Desktop für Anwender
Authors: Grimnes Gunnar Aastrand , Adrian Benjamin , Schwarz Sven , Maus Heiko , Schumacher Kinga , Sauermann Leo 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
This article describes the Semantic Desktop. We give insights into the core services that aim to improve personal knowledge management on the desktop. We describe these core components of our Semantic Desktop system and give evaluation results. Results of a long-term study reveal effects of using the Semantic Desktop on personal knowledge work.
Entdecken und Explorieren von Zusammenhängen im Semantic WebDiscovering and Exploring Relationships in the Semantic Web
Authors: Lohmann Steffen , Heim Philipp , Stegemann Timo , Tetzlaff Lena , Ziegler Jürgen 
Published: November 2009

Zusammenfassung
Auch wenn das heutige Web eine gewaltige Menge an Informationen bereithält, unterstützt es nur unzureichend die Entdeckung und Exploration von Zusammenhängen. Hier verspricht das Semantic Web durch eine Graphbasierte Informationsrepräsentation prinzipiell bessere Unterstützung. Allerdings müssen die im Semantic Web beschriebenen Zusammenhänge erst extrahiert und in eine für den Nutzer verständ liche Darstellung gebracht werden. Aus diesem Grund wurde der RelFinder entwickelt, der Zusammenhänge in Datenbeständen des Semantic Web auffindet, nachvollziehbar visualisiert und für den Nutzer erfahrbar macht. Um die interaktive Exploration zu unterstützen, wurden neuartige Visualisierungs- und Interak tionsformen umgesetzt, die erst durch die Repräsentationen des Semantic Web ermöglicht werden. Dieser Artikel zeigt anhand einer Nutzerstudie, welche Potenziale sich damit gegenüber den textbasierten Darstellungsformen des heutigen Web ergeben. Es wird deutlich, dass das Semantic Web in Kombination mit intuitiven Darstellungs- und Bedienkonzepten potenziell sehr geeignet ist, um einen schnellen Überblick über Zusammen hänge zwischen Informationsobjekten zu erhalten.
Sistema electoral y elites regionales: Elecciones municipales y de diputados en Cuernavaca y Cuautla de Amilpas, 1812–1835
Authors: Jaime Irving Reynoso 
Published: November 2009

El sistema electoral que se introdujo al territorio novohispano con la Carta gaditana de 1812 fue la base de la legislación electoral que rigió en México al menos hasta 1835. Este trabajo analiza las formas históricas concretas que adquirió la práctica electoral en la región azucarera de Cuernavaca y Cuautla de Amilpas (caracterizada por la tensión entre pueblos y haciendas). Se trata de matizar la visión historiográfica que plantea una mejora sustancial de la vida de los pueblos a partir de la apertura política que significaron las elecciones gaditanas, mostrando cómo existieron casos en que las élites económicas regionales usaron los nuevos mecanismos políticos para proteger sus intereses.
The electoral system of the Constitution of Cádiz (1812) was the foundation of Mexican electoral legislation until 1835. This article analyzes the concrete historical forms and electoral practices under this electoral law in the sugar-producing region of Cuernavaca and Cuautla de Amilpas, characterized by tensions between pueblos and haciendas. By showing several cases of the new political mechanisms used by the regional economic elite to protect their interests, the article challenges the claim that the “political liberalization” entailed in the electoral system of the Cádiz Constitution meant a significant improvement in the political and socioeconomic situation of the pueblos of the region.
Influencia del orientalismo en la explicación del origen del pueblo y ruinas mayas: las tribus perdidas de Israel y el caso Waldeck
Authors: Depetris Carolina 
Published: November 2009

Uno de los misterios más persistentes en América ha sido el origen de los pueblos vernáculos. En el siglo XIX, el viajero Frédéric de Waldeck propone una explicación del origen de los pueblos mayas en el primer testimonio escrito conocido sobre las ruinas de Uxmal. En el presente ensayo se analiza este intento a través de un modelo de explicación que la Europa decimonónica encuentra en Oriente y que Waldeck articula a través de uno de sus mitos fundamentales: las tribus perdidas de Israel.
One of the most persistent mysteries in America has been the origin of vernacular peoples. In the 19th century, the traveler Frédéric de Waldeck proposes an explanation of the origin of the Maya people in the first known written testimony about the Uxmal ruins. This essay analyzes this attempt through a model of explanation that the 19th century Europe finds in Orient, which Waldeck articulates by means of one of his fundamental myths: the lost tribes of Israel.
Imagining Mexico in 1921: Visions of the Revolutionary State and Society in the Centennial Celebration in Mexico City
Authors: Gonzales Michael J. 
Published: November 2009

In September of 1921, the government of Alvaro Obregón organized a lavish commemoration of the centennial of Agustín de Iturbide's ouster of Spanish authority and the creation of Mexico. The occasion gave the administration the opportunity to present its image of the revolutionary state and society within the context of historical memory and public policy. The official program promoted economic and social programs rooted in nineteenth-century liberalism, as well as a new cultural vision that portrayed contemporary indigenous culture as integral to Mexican national identity. The occasion also gave conservatives the opportunity to present a counternarrative of Mexican history in newspaper articles and editorials that championed Iturbide, the Catholic Church, and Mexico's Spanish heritage. The organization of cultural and sporting events also showcased traditional and popular culture.
En Septiembre de 1921, el gobierno de Alvaro Obregón organizó una celebración para conmemorar el centenario de la expulsión de la monarquía española por parte de Agustín de Iturbide y del nacimiento del Estado mexicano. La ocasión permitió al régimen presentar su imagen como Estado revolucionario dentro del contexto de la memoria histórica y política pública. La agenda oficial promovía programas económicos y sociales basados en el liberalismo del siglo diecinueve, y en una política nueva que presentaba a las culturas indígenas contemporáneas como parte integral de la identidad mexicana. La celebración también dio a los conservadores la oportunidad de presentar una interpretación de la historia mexicana que iba en contra de la oficial. Ésta fue presentada en artículos y editoriales de periódicos que celebraban a Iturbide, la iglesia católica y la herencia española en México. La organización de eventos culturales y deportivos también reveló aspectos centrales de la cultura tradicional y popular.
Mexican Nicodemus: The Apostleship of Refugio Padilla, Cristero, on the Islas Marías
Authors: Butler Matthew 
Published: November 2009

This article explores lay responses to religious persecution during Mexico's cristero rebellion (1926–1929), using devotional testimonies produced by Catholic deportees to the Islas Marías penal colony, Nayarit. Faced with the Calles regime's anticlericalism, the article argues that Mexico's episcopate developed an alternative religious model premised on a revitalized lay apostolate; the article then considers how lay actors enacted this identity in practice, through white masses, lay sermons, and clandestine communions. The article concludes that religious persecution, if intended to promote a secular revolutionary culture, also opened new spaces for popular religious participation.
Este artículo explora respuestas a la persecución religiosa durante la rebelión cristera de México (1926–1929), usando testimonios devotos producidos por deportados católicos a la colonia penal de las Islas Marías, Nayarit. Frente al anticlericalismo del régimen de Calles, el artículo sostiene que el episcopado de México desarrolló un modelo religioso alternativo a través de un apostolado revitalizado, pero no profesional; el artículo entonces considera cómo se adoptó esta identidad en la práctica, a través de misas blancas, sermones de no expertos, y comuniones clandestinas. El artículo concluye que la persecución religiosa, al haber intentado promover una cultura revolucionaria secular, también abrió nuevos espacios para la participación religiosa popular.
Combating Co‐witness contamination: Attempting to decrease the negative effects of discussion on eyewitness memory
Authors: Paterson Helen M. , Kemp Richard I. , Ng Jodie R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWitnesses who discuss an event with others often incorporate misinformation encountered during the discussion into their memory of the event. Two experiments were conducted to establish whether this memory conformity also occurs in the context of an interview and whether it is possible to reduce the effect. Participants viewed a crime‐video which they then discussed with a co‐witness. Some participants were warned they may have been exposed to misinformation during the discussion before all were interviewed individually. In Experiment 1, participants made remember/know judgments about each component of their free recall, and in Experiment 2 they were asked to indicate the source of their memories. Co‐witness information was incorporated into participants' testimony, and this effect could not be significantly reduced using warnings and source‐monitoring instructions. Remember/know judgments may be useful in distinguishing ‘real’ memories from false memories. We make some recommendations regarding the interviewing of witnesses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Alkylation of Sulfonamides with Benzylic Alcohols: Catalysis and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Cui Xinjiang , Shi Feng , Tse Man Kin , Gördes Dirk , Thurow Kerstin , Beller Matthias , Deng Youquan 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe N‐alkylation of sulfonamides with alcohols is efficiently performed in the presence of easily available copper catalysts via hydrogen borrowing methodology. Applying a copper acetate/potassium carbonate system the reaction of sulfonamides and alcohols gave the corresponding secondary amines in excellent yield. In situ HR‐MS analysis indicated that bissulfonylated amines are formed under air atmosphere, which act as self‐stabilizing ligands for the catalytic system. UV‐visible measurements suggest the interaction between the copper centre and the bissulfonylated amine. Reactions of benzyl alcohol‐d7 with p‐toluenesulfonamide, N‐benzyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide or N‐benzylidenetoluenesulfonamide revealed that the reaction proceeds via a transfer hydrogenation mechanism and the whole process is micro‐reversible. Competitive reactions of benzyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol‐d7 with p‐toluenesulfonamide revealed a kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD) of 3.287 (0.192) for the dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol and 0.611 (0.033) for the hydrogenation of the N‐benzylidene‐p‐toluenesulfonamide intermediate, which suggests that dehydrogenation of the alcohol is the rate‐determining step.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Mediated Enantioselective Addition of Phenols to Unsymmetrical Alkylarylketenes
Authors: Concellón Carmen , Duguet Nicolas , Smith Andrew D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractChiral N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) mediate the enantioselective addition of 2‐phenylphenol to unsymmetrical alkylarylketenes, delivering α‐alkyl‐α‐arylacetic acid derivatives with good levels of enantiocontrol (up to 84% ee). Enantiodivergent stereochemical outcomes are observed using 2‐phenylphenol and benzhydrol in the NHC‐promoted esterification reaction using a triazolium precatalyst derived from pyroglutamic acid, consistent with distinct mechanistic pathways operating within these processes.
Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Indolation of Allylic Compounds with DDQ via sp3 CH Bond Activation and Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Mo Hanjie , Bao Weiliang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAn efficient oxidative cross‐coupling reaction between 1,3‐diarylpropenes and indoles in the presence of palladium chloride was achieved with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanoquinone (DDQ) as oxidant. The reaction afforded 1,3‐diphenylallylindoles in moderate to high yields under mild conditions, thus providing a novel methodology to synthesize the respective products.