bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of antioxidant compounds in sweet bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under organic and conventional growing systems
Authors: Hallmann Ewelina , Rembiałkowska Ewa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Sweet red bell pepper is one of the best sources of ascorbic acid and carotenoids as well as phenolic compounds important in the human diet. There have been some studies showing a higher level of bioactive compounds in organic bell pepper fruits compared with conventional fruits, but not all studies have been consistent in this respect. The levels of carotenoids and phenolics are very variable and may be affected by ripeness, genotype and cultivation.RESULTS: The results obtained in this study showed that an organic growing system affected the level of bioactive compounds (carotenoids and polyphenols) in sweet bell pepper fruits cultivated in Poland. Organic bell pepper fruits contained significantly more dry matter, vitamin C, total carotenoids, β‐carotene, α‐carotene, cis‐β‐carotene, total phenolic acids (as well as individual gallic and chlorogenic acids) and flavonoids (quercetin D‐glucoside, quercetin and kaempferol) compared with conventional fruits. The bell pepper variety also affected the level of antioxidant compounds in fruits.CONCLUSION: Organic growing increased the level of antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds and vitamin C in sweet bell pepper. The second significant factor affecting the antioxidant compound content of sweet bell pepper was variety. It would be necessary to continue this study as a long‐term experiment in order to eliminate the influence of seasonality. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel homogeneous irradiation fiber probe for whole bladder wall photodynamic therapy
Authors: Miyazaki Kozo , Morimoto Yuji , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Maekawa Yasuhiro , Hu Wei‐Zhi , Nakatate Ken‐ichi , Kaneda Keiji , Shinomiya Nariyoshi , Kataoka Kazunori 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveWe designed and fabricated a novel fiber probe that homogeneously illuminates the urinary bladder cavity for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of bladder cancer, which is known to occur in multifocal areas and to proliferate diffusely in the bladder mucosa.Study Design/Materials and MethodsOne end of a quartz multicore fiber was twisted and conically shaped, and the sharpened apex of the fiber end was rounded in order to provide light of which the fluence distribution approximates the three‐dimensional shape of the bladder cavity of rats. The superiority of the developed fiber probe (homogenous irradiation fiber probe: HIFiP) to a control fiber with a flat cleaved end (CF) in Photofrin®‐PDT using a rat orthotopic bladder cancer model was evaluated.ResultsPercentage of irradiated area to the whole area of the mucosal surface of the bladder was 36% in the case of the CF, while it was 69% in the case of HIFiP (P = 0.04). A greater PDT effect was seen in rats with HIFiP‐PDT, the volume of tumors (5.0 mm3) being less than half of that in the CF group (11.8 mm3; P = 0.02).ConclusionsHIFiP succeeded in delivering light homogenously to a wide area of the bladder cavity, resulting in enhancement of the PDT effect on bladder cancer. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 413–420, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thorpe‐Ingold Effect on the ATRP‐Induced Cyclopolymerization of Bismethacrylate Tethered by a Substituted Silylene Moiety
Authors: Hu Ziqiang , Xu Yong‐Ping , Wu Di , Li Bin , Huang Yen‐Chin , Jiang Jian‐Xiong , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Luh Tien‐Yau 
Published: February 2012

AbstractATRP‐induced cyclopolymerization of dialkylsilylene‐tethered bismethacrylates leads to the corresponding polymethacrylate having fourteen‐membered cyclic pendants. The presence of bulky substituents on silicon is essential to facilitate the overall cyclopolymerization process in 3. Simple methacrylate derivatives do not undergo polymerization under these conditions. This observation can be understood within the framework of the Thorpe‐Ingold effect in organosilicon chemistry. The high rr stereoselectivity suggests that the cyclization step may selectively lead to the r diastereomer. Density functional theory calculations also show that r selectivity might be slightly favored.
White matter and deep gray matter hemodynamic changes in multiple sclerosis patients with clinically isolated syndrome
Authors: Papadaki Efrosini Z. , Mastorodemos Vasileios C. , Amanakis Emmanouil Z. , Tsekouras Konstantinos C. , Papadakis Antonis E. , Tsavalas Nikolaos D. , Simos Panagiotis G. , Karantanas Apostolos H. , Plaitakis Andreas , Maris Thomas G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging perfusion technique was used to investigate possible hemodynamic changes in normal appearing white matter and deep gray matter (DGM) of 30 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and 30 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. Thirty normal volunteers were studied as controls. Cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time values were estimated. Normalization was achieved for each subject with respect to average values of CBF and mean transit time of the hippocampi's dentate gyrus. Measurements concerned three regions of normal white matter of normal volunteers, normal appearing white matter of CIS and patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, and DGM regions, bilaterally. All measured normal appearing white matter and DGM regions of the patients with CIS had significantly higher cerebral blood volume and mean transit time values, while averaged DGM regions had significantly lower CBF values, compared to those of normal volunteers (P < 0.001). Regarding patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis, all measured normal appearing white matter and DGM regions showed lower CBF values than those of normal volunteers and lower cerebral blood volume and CBF values compared to patients with CIS (P < 0.001). These data provide strong evidence that hemodynamic changes—affecting both white and DGM—may occur even at the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis, with CIS patients being significantly different than relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of lanthanide ions on dynamic nuclear polarization enhancement and liquid‐state T1 relaxation
Authors: Gordon Jeremy W. , Fain Sean B. , Rowland Ian J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn the dynamic nuclear polarization process, microwave irradiation facilitates exchange of polarization from a radical's unpaired electron to nuclear spins at cryogenic temperatures, increasing polarization by >10,000. Doping samples with Gd3+ ions further increases the achievable solid‐state polarization. However, on dissolution, paramagnetic lanthanide metals can be potent relaxation agents, decreasing liquid‐state polarization. Here, the effects of lanthanide metals on the solid and liquid‐state magnetic properties of [1‐13C]pyruvate are studied. The results show that in addition to gadolinium, holmium increases not only the achievable polarization but also the rate of polarization. Liquid‐state relaxation studies found that unlike gadolinium, holmium minimally affects T1. Additionally, results reveal that linear contrast agents dissociate in pyruvic acid, greatly reducing liquid‐state T1. Although macrocyclic agents do not readily dissociate, they yield lower solid‐state polarization. Results indicate that polarization with free lanthanides and subsequent chelation during dissolution produces the highest polarization enhancement while minimizing liquid‐state relaxation. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free‐breathing cardiac MR with a fixed navigator efficiency using adaptive gating window size
Authors: Moghari Mehdi H. , Chan Raymond H. , Hong Susie N. , Shaw Jaime L. , Goepfert Lois A. , Kissinger Kraig V. , Goddu Beth , Josephson Mark E. , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA respiratory navigator with a fixed acceptance gating window is commonly used to reduce respiratory motion artifacts in cardiac MR. This approach prolongs the scan time and occasionally yields an incomplete dataset due to respiratory drifts. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive gating window approach in which the size and position of the gating window are changed adaptively during the acquisition based on the individual's breathing pattern. The adaptive gating window tracks the breathing pattern of the subject throughout the scan and adapts the size and position of the gating window such that the gating efficiency is always fixed at a constant value. To investigate the image quality and acquisition time, free breathing cardiac MRI, including both targeted coronary MRI and late gadolinium enhancement imaging, was performed in 67 subjects using the proposed navigator technique. Targeted coronary MRI was acquired from eleven healthy adult subjects using both the conventional and proposed adaptive gating window techniques. Fifty‐six patients referred for cardiac MRI were also imaged using late gadolinium enhancement with the proposed adaptive gating window technique. Subjective and objective image assessments were used to evaluate the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique allows free‐breathing cardiac MRI in a relatively fixed time without compromising imaging quality due to respiratory motion artifacts. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Passive mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius after spinal cord injury
Authors: Diong Joanna H.L. , Herbert Robert D. , Harvey Lisa A. , Kwah Li Khim , Clarke Jillian L. , Hoang Phu D. , Martin Joshua H. , Clarke Elizabeth C. , Bilston Lynne E. , Gandevia Simon C. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction:In this study we compared passive mechanical properties of gastrocnemius muscle–tendon units, muscle fascicles, and tendons in control subjects and people with ankle contractures after spinal cord injury.Methods:Passive gastrocnemius length–tension curves were derived from passive ankle torque–angle data obtained from 20 spinal cord injured subjects with ankle contractures and 30 control subjects. Ultrasound images of muscle fascicles were used to partition length–tension curves into fascicular and tendinous components.Results:Spinal cord injured subjects had stiffer gastrocnemius muscle–tendon units (stiffness index: 74.8 ± 27.0 m−1) than control subjects (54.4 ± 17.7 m−1) (P = 0.004). Muscle–tendon slack lengths, as well as slack lengths and changes in length of fascicles and tendons, were similar in the two groups.Conclusions:People with ankle contractures after spinal cord injury have stiff gastrocnemius muscle–tendon units. It is not clear whether this reflects changes in properties of muscle fascicles or tendons. Muscle Nerve 46: 237–245, 2012
Johannes C. Pompe, MD, Hero of neuroscience: The man behind the syndrome
Authors: Zeidman Lawrence A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractABSTRACT: Johannes Pompe is famous for describing type II glycogenosis, Pompe disease. However, Pompe's participation in the Dutch resistance during World War II has not been well described in the neurology literature. Pompe saved many Jews by hiding them as patients, saved a Jewish boy who was a neighbor, hid many young resistance fighters in his laboratory, resisted the Nazi call for all Dutch doctors to submit to their puppet physician's chamber, and hid a radio transmitter in the animal room of his laboratory. He was executed by firing squad in a German reprisal shortly before the end of the war. Pompe's patriotism and religious and humanitarian values seem to have been the basis for his actions. His heroic and tragic story should not be forgotten and should serve as an example to all during such dark times. Muscle Nerve 46: 134–138, 2012
Adult‐onset lower extremity weakness caused by venous malformation detected by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: French Kris , Sanders Kent , Chin Steve S. , Bromberg Mark 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction: Symptomatic venous malformation (VM) of muscle in adults is rare and usually presents in childhood or adolescence as the individual is growing. We describe an atypical presentation of a malformation affecting the gastrocnemius muscle asymmetrically with onset in adulthood, which created a diagnostic challenge. Electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy did not fit clinically and MRI of the gastrocnemius led to the diagnosis. Methods: The setting for the patient studied was a neuromuscular outpatient clinic. Results: EMG showed decreased insertional activity and motor unit potential recruitment in the right gastrocnemius muscle. Muscle biopsy showed mild neurogenic changes. MRI demonstrated VM in the contralateral gastrocnemius muscle. Conclusions: This case represents a rare cause of atrophic weakness in adults, but muscle MRI should be considered when other tests are equivocal. Muscle Nerve 46:129–133, 2012
Dysphagia in duchenne muscular dystrophy versus myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Umemoto George , Furuya Hirokazu , Kitashima Akio , Sakai Mitsuaki , Arahata Hajime , Kikuta Toshihiro 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIntroduction:In this study we aimed to demonstrate the distinctive features of dysphagia in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).Methods:Diet‐type score (DTS) and maximum tongue pressure (MTP) were measured in 20 DM1 and 24 DMD patients; all patients were also examined by videofluoroscopy (VF). We used VF to measure the range of hyoid bone excursion (RHBE) during pharyngeal transit time and the area of pharyngeal residue (APR) after the first swallow.Results:RHBE and APR values for DM1 patients were significantly greater than those for DMD patients. DTS and MTP did not differ between patients. A significant correlation was observed between DTS, MTP, and RHBE in DMD patients, but not in DM1 patients.Conclusions:Our findings reveal the differences in the distinctive features of dysphagia in DM1 and DMD. Adjustments in the diet of DMD patients in accordance with swallowing ability could be useful. Muscle Nerve 46: 490–495, 2012
Sensitivity analysis for the generalized singular value decomposition
Authors: Chen Xiao Shan , Li Wen 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we discuss the sensitivity of multiple nonzero finite generalized singular values and the corresponding generalized singular matrix set of a real matrix pair analytically dependent on several parameters. From our results, the partial derivatives of multiple nonzero singular values and their left and right singular vector matrices are obtained.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐wide RNA interference analysis of renal carcinoma survival regulators identifies MCT4 as a Warburg effect metabolic target
Authors: Gerlinger Marco , Santos Claudio R , Spencer‐Dene Bradley , Martinez Pierre , Endesfelder David , Burrell Rebecca A , Vetter Marcus , Jiang Ming , Saunders Rebecca E , Kelly Gavin , Dykema Karl , Rioux‐Leclercq Nathalie , Stamp Gordon , Patard Jean Jacques , Larkin James , Howell Michael , Swanton Charles 
Published: February 2012

AbstractClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common pathological subtype of kidney cancer. Here, we integrated an unbiased genome‐wide RNA interference screen for ccRCC survival regulators with an analysis of recurrently overexpressed genes in ccRCC to identify new therapeutic targets in this disease. One of the most potent survival regulators, the monocarboxylate transporter MCT4 (SLC16A3), impaired ccRCC viability in all eight ccRCC lines tested and was the seventh most overexpressed gene in a meta‐analysis of five ccRCC expression datasets. MCT4 silencing impaired secretion of lactate generated through glycolysis and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Silencing MCT4 resulted in intracellular acidosis, and reduction in intracellular ATP production together with partial reversion of the Warburg effect in ccRCC cell lines. Intra‐tumoural heterogeneity in the intensity of MCT4 protein expression was observed in primary ccRCCs. MCT4 protein expression analysis based on the highest intensity of expression in primary ccRCCs was associated with poorer relapse‐free survival, whereas modal intensity correlated with Fuhrman nuclear grade. Consistent with the potential selection of subclones enriched for MCT4 expression during disease progression, MCT4 expression was greater at sites of metastatic disease. These data suggest that MCT4 may serve as a novel metabolic target to reverse the Warburg effect and limit disease progression in ccRCC. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First trimester screening for aneuploidies in successive pregnancies: correlations between markers
Authors: Illescas Tamara , Ortega Dolores , Soler Patricia , Costa Gloria , Coronado Pluvio , Montalvo Joaquín 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesScreening for chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy is based on maternal age, nuchal translucency (NT), and biochemical markers (pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin). We have assessed the influence of screenings and outcomes in previous pregnancies on screenings in subsequent pregnancies.MethodsRetrospective study of the correlation between the variables of first trimester combined screening for chromosome abnormalities in patients with subsequent pregnancies. Excluded were gestations with fetal aneuploidies.ResultsBetween July 1999 and December 2009, there were 2291 women with more than 1 euploid pregnancy screened in the first trimester in our hospital. There was a moderate correlation for pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (ρ = 0.530, p <0.001) and free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (ρ = 0.439, p <0.001) between the first and second pregnancy. The trend continued in successive pregnancies. NT showed no correlations of clinical importance. With an overall false positive (FP) rate of 2.1% for the combined screening, the probability of having a recurrent FP in the second pregnancy was 4.3% (not significant).ConclusionThere are significant correlations between biochemical markers but not NT in successive pregnancies, leading to increased risk of recurrence of FP results. However, such increase is not statistically significant if the overall FP rate is very low. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carrier state for the nebulin exon 55 deletion and abnormal prenatal ultrasound findings as potential signs of nemaline myopathy
Authors: Yonath Hagith , Reznik‐Wolf Haike , Berkenstadt Michal , Eisenberg‐Barzilai Shlomit , Lehtokari Vilma‐Lotta , Wallgren‐Pettersson Carina , Mehta Lakshmi , Achiron Reuven , Gilboa Yinon , Polak‐Charcon Sylvie , Winder Thomas , Frydman Moshe , Pras Elon 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo increase awareness to the possibility of nemaline myopathy (NM) when abnormal prenatal ultrasound findings appear together with a carrier state for the common exon 55 deletion in the nebulin gene (NEB) of an Ashkenazi Jewish parent.MethodsWe describe four unrelated pregnancies with abnormal prenatal ultrasound findings resulting in the birth of newborns with NM, where one or both parents were of Ashkenazi Jewish origin. Data was collected retrospectively from the patients' medical files. Molecular analysis of NEB was performed on the DNA from the patients and parents.ResultsPrenatal ultrasound findings included polyhydramnios, decreased fetal movements, club feet, and arthrogryposis. A biopsy from two of the newborns was consistent with NM. In all of the newborns, the common NEB exon 55 deletion was detected in the heterozygote state and in three of them, a second novel mutation was found.ConclusionsUltrasonographic findings suggestive of a myopathy and a carrier state for the NEB exon 55 deletion in one of the parents should trigger a thorough investigation for NM. The extreme size of NEB imposes great difficulties when searching for a second mutation, especially under the time constraints of an ongoing pregnancy. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of students' perceptions of a college‐based programme that involves patients, carers and service users in physiotherapy education
Authors: Thomson Di , Hilton Ros 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackground. There is little evidence of the integration of UK physiotherapy university education into clinical practice, and some students say that they are not adequately prepared for professional life. This was addressed by a college‐based programme involving patients, carers and service users as facilitators of learning to enhance the partnership between health professionals and patients. Purpose. This programme has been running for 2 years, and this paper is an evaluation of the students' perceptions of it, appraising the outcomes of their learning in order to discover the ways in which it can be enhanced, improved or changed. Methods. A grounded theory approach utilizing focus groups and semi‐structured interviews was conducted. Three focus groups representing the higher educational levels 4–6 in pre‐registration physiotherapy were carried out. Following the analysis of the focus groups, seven interviews reflecting the three educational levels were conducted in order to explore in greater depth the findings from the focus groups. The analysis of the focus groups and the subsequent interviews were carried out in accordance with a grounded theory framework. Results. The students perceived the programme as a context in which to think how their learning needs could be met within a ‘real’ framework but on their own territory. Equally, it created feelings of anxiety at being given such an open forum that created a challenge to their communication skills. Many expressed a wish for a more explicit mentoring–learning environment. They also perceived a tension between the technical–rational demands of academia and social practice and a need to view this as a basis for critical appraisal and self‐awareness. Conclusion. This programme appeared to be integral to the students' development as future physiotherapists. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photolytic versus microbial degradation of clomazone in a flooded California rice field soil
Authors: Tomco Patrick L , Tjeerdema Ronald S 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Clomazone is a popular herbicide used on California rice fields and exhibits rapid anaerobic microbial degradation (t1/2 = 7.9 days). To test the potential of direct and indirect photolytic degradation as a cofactor in the overall degradation rate, sacrificial time‐series microcosms were amended with water, non‐sterilized soil + water and sterilized soil + water. Clomazone was added to each microcosm, which was then exposed to natural and artificial sunlight over 35 days. Water and acetonitrile extracts were analyzed for clomazone and metabolites via LC/MS/MS.RESULTS: The calculated pseudo‐first‐order degradation rate constants (k) were kwater = 0–0.005 ± 0.003 day−1, ksterile = 0–0.005 ± 0.003 day−1 and knon−sterile = 0.010 ± 0.002–0.044 ± 0.007 day−1, depending on light type. The formation of ring‐open clomazone, a microbial metabolite, correlated with clomazone degradation. Trace amounts of 5‐hydroxyclomazone (m/z = 256 → 125), aromatic hydroxyclomazone (m/z = 256 → 141) and an unknown product (m/z = 268 → 125) were observed.CONCLUSIONS: The photolytic degradation rate depends on both light type and the quality of the chromophores that induce indirect photolysis. Microbial degradation was found to be sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Overall, microbes are shown to be more detrimental to the environmental fate of clomazone than photolysis. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry