bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature, phenotype, and the evolution of temperature‐dependent sex determination: how do natural incubations compare to laboratory incubations?
Authors: Paitz Ryan T. , Gould Amelia C. , Holgersson Mikael C.N. , Bowden Rachel M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPhenotypic variation is a fundamental component of the process of evolution and understanding the factors that create this variation is critical to investigations of this process. We test the hypothesis that phenotypic variation created under natural incubation conditions will differ from that created under constant laboratory conditions in a reptile species with temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD), the red‐eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta). Using a split clutch design, we demonstrate that offspring morphology, behavior, and sex differed between hatchlings incubated in the field and those from the laboratory, but immune response did not. The interactions between different phenotypic parameters will ultimately determine how natural selection acts upon offspring, and consequently our data suggest that offspring developing under these differing conditions should have different fitnesses. The relationship between offspring sex and phenotype serves as the theoretical foundation on which most investigations into the evolution of TSD are built. Thus, it may be necessary to use natural incubation conditions to accurately examine how offspring sex relates to other phenotypic parameters if we are to understand the evolution of this sex determining mechanism. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Ecol.) 314B:86–93, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dorfin ameliorates phenotypes in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sone Jun , Niwa Jun‐ichi , Kawai Kaori , Ishigaki Shinsuke , Yamada Shin‐ichi , Adachi Hiroaki , Katsuno Masahisa , Tanaka Fumiaki , Doyu Manabu , Sobue Gen 
Published: July 2009

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration and leads to death within a few years of diagnosis. One of the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS is proposed to be a dysfunction in the protein quality‐control machinery. Dorfin has been identified as a ubiquitin ligase (E3) that recognizes and ubiquitinates mutant SOD1 proteins, thereby accelerating their degradation and reducing their cellular toxicity. We examined the effects of human Dorfin overexpression in G93A mutant SOD1 transgenic mice, a mouse model of familial ALS. In addition to causing a decrease in the amount of mutant SOD1 protein in the spinal cord, Dorfin overexpression ameliorated neurological phenotypes and motor neuron degeneration. Our results indicate that Dorfin overexpression or the activation or induction of E3 may be a therapeutic avenue for mutant SOD1‐associated ALS. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parkin reverses intracellular β‐amyloid accumulation and its negative effects on proteasome function
Authors: Rosen Kenneth M. , Moussa Charbel E.‐H. , Lee Han‐Kyu , Kumar Pravir , Kitada Tohru , Qin Gangjian , Fu Qinghao , Querfurth Henry W. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe significance of intracellular β‐amyloid (Aβ42) accumulation is increasingly recognized in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Aβ removal mechanisms that have attracted attention include IDE/neprilysin degradation and antibody‐mediated uptake by immune cells. However, the role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) in the disposal of cellular Aβ has not been fully explored. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin targets several proteins for UPS degradation, and Parkin mutations are the major cause of autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. We tested whether Parkin has cross‐function to target misfolded proteins in AD for proteasome‐dependent clearance in SH‐SY5Y and primary neuronal cells. Wild‐type Parkin greatly decreased steady‐state levels of intracellular Aβ42, an action abrogated by proteasome inhibitors. Intracellular Aβ42 accumulation decreased cell viability and proteasome activity. Accordingly, Parkin reversed both effects. Changes in mitochondrial ATP production from Aβ or Parkin did not account for their effects on the proteasome. Parkin knock‐down led to accumulation of Aβ. In AD brain, Parkin was found to interact with Aβ and its levels were reduced. Thus, Parkin is cytoprotective, partially by increasing the removal of cellular Aβ through a proteasome‐dependent pathway. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal development of NT3 and TrkC in mouse ventral cochlear nucleus
Authors: Feng J. , Bendiske J. , Morest D.K. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn the developing nervous system, neurotrophin 3 (NT3) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have been shown to interact with each other and with different parts of a neuron or glia and over considerable distances in time and space. The auditory system provides a useful model for analyzing these events, insofar as it is subdivided into well‐defined groups of specific neuronal types that are readily related to each other at each stage of development. Previous work in our laboratory suggested that NT3 and its receptor TrkC in the mouse cochlear nucleus (CN) may be involved in directing neuronal migration and initial targeting of inputs from cochlear nerve axons in the embryo. NT3 is hard to detect soon after birth, but TrkC lingers longer. Here we found NT3 and TrkC around P8 and the peak around P30. Prominent in ventral CN, associated with globular bushy cells and stellate cells, they were localized to different subcellular sites. The TrkC immunostain was cytoplasmic, and that of NT3 was axonal and perisomatic. TrkC may be made by CN neurons, whereas NT3 has a cochlear origin. The temporal pattern of their development and the likelihood of activity‐dependent release of NT3 from cochlear axons suggest that it may not be critical in early synaptogenesis; it may provide long‐term trophic effects, including stabilization of synapses once established. Activity‐related regulation could coordinate the supply of NT3 with inner ear activity. This may require interaction with other neurotrophins, such as BDNF. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
NeuroD6 genomic signature bridging neuronal differentiation to survival via the molecular chaperone network
Authors: Uittenbogaard Martine , Baxter Kristin K. , Chiaramello Anne 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDuring neurogenesis, expression of the basic helix‐loop‐helix NeuroD6/Nex1/MATH‐2 transcription factor parallels neuronal differentiation and is maintained in differentiated neurons in the adult brain. To dissect NeuroD6 differentiation properties further, we previously generated a NeuroD6‐overexpressing stable PC12 cell line, PC12‐ND6, which displays a neuronal phenotype characterized by spontaneous neuritogenesis, accelerated NGF‐induced differentiation, and increased regenerative capacity. Furthermore, we reported that NeuroD6 promotes long‐term neuronal survival upon serum deprivation. In this study, we identified the NeuroD6‐mediated transcriptional regulatory pathways linking neuronal differentiation to survival, by conducting a genome‐wide microarray analysis using PC12‐ND6 cells and serum deprivation as a stress paradigm. Through a series of filtering steps and a gene‐ontology analysis, we found that NeuroD6 promotes distinct but overlapping gene networks, consistent with the differentiation, regeneration, and survival properties of PC12‐ND6 cells. By using a gene‐set‐enrichment analysis, we provide the first evidence of a compelling link between NeuroD6 and a set of heat shock proteins in the absence of stress, which may be instrumental in conferring stress tolerance on PC12‐ND6 cells. Immunocytochemistry results showed that HSP27 and HSP70 interact with cytoskeletal elements, consistent with their roles in neuritogenesis and preserving cellular integrity. HSP70 also colocalizes with mitochondria located in the soma, growing neurites, and growth cones of PC12‐ND6 cells prior to and upon stress stimulus, consistent with its neuroprotective functions. Collectively, our findings support the notion that NeuroD6 links neuronal differentiation to survival via the network of molecular chaperones and endows the cells with increased stress tolerance. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down‐regulation of microglia and NG2‐positive cells reaction in trimethyltin‐injured hippocampus of rats treated with myelin basic protein‐reactive T cells: Possible contribution to the neuroprotective effect of T cells
Authors: Kurkowska‐Jastrzębska Iwona , Zaremba Małgorzata , Członkowska Anna , Oderfeld‐Nowak Barbara 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn our previous investigations, we demonstrated that CD4+ antimyelin basic protein (MBP) T cells protect hippocampal neurons against trimethyltin‐induced damage. We hypothesized involvement of T cells, interacting with the various glial populations activated during the neurodegeneration process. In this study, we employ immunocytochemical methods to investigate the influence of administration of T cells on the response of microglia and of NG2+ cells to trimethyltin (TMT)‐induced damage. Female Lewis rats were treated with anti‐MBP CD4+ T cells (4 million per animal, i.v) 24 hr after TMT (8 mg/kg, i.p) intoxication. TMT caused degeneration of CA4 hipppocampal neurons and evoked an abundant reaction of microglial and NG2+ cells in the injured region. The cells changed morphology into the activated state, and the number of OX42+ and NG2+ cells increased about 4.5‐fold and 3‐fold, respectively, relative to controls as assessed on day 21 after TMT treatment. Additionally, the cells of ameboid morphology, which expressed NG2 or microglial antigens, appeared in the zone of neurodegeneration. Furthermore, certain cells of ameboid phenotype shared both antigens. In rats treated with T cells, down‐regulation of the activation of both glial classes and reduction of formation of their ameboid forms was observed. The number of the total OX42+ and NG2+ cells decreased by 21% and 54%, respectively, and the number of their ameboid forms decreased by 46% and 73%, respectively. Our data suggest that the diminished activation of microglia and NG2+ cells, particularly the reduced number of their ameboid forms, may contribute to the neuroprotective effect of T cells. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
International tourism and economic development in South Africa: a Granger causality test
Authors: Akinboade Oludele A. , Braimoh Lydia A. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOne of the major objectives of macroeconomic policies in many developing countries is sustained economic growth, and South Africa has been striving to achieve and maintain this in various ways. One of these is through international tourism. Although international tourism contributes to the growth of many economies, it is in turn, impacted by growth in many developed countries. Real gross domestic product (GDP), international tourism earnings, real effective exchange rate and exports were analysed within a multivariate vector auto regressive model using annual data covering 1980–2005. The main focus of this study therefore was to demonstrate the direction of causality between international tourism earnings and long‐run economic growth of South Africa, among other variables, using Granger causality analysis. The result obtained showed a unidirectional causality running from international tourism earnings to real GDP, both in the short run and in the long run. The error correction mechanism carried out also supported this causality. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some Remarks on Dodgson's Voting Rule
Authors: Brandt Felix 
Published: July 2009

AbstractSparked by a remarkable result due to Hemaspaandra et al. [9], the voting rule attributed to Charles Dodgson (aka Lewis Carroll) has become one of the most studied voting rules in computational social choice. However, the computer science literature often neglects that Dodgson's rule has some serious shortcomings as a choice procedure. This short note contains four examples revealing Dodgson's deficiencies (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hybrid Elections Broaden Complexity‐Theoretic Resistance to Control
Authors: Hemaspaandra Edith , Hemaspaandra Lane A. , Rothe Jörg 
Published: July 2009

AbstractElectoral control refers to attempts by an election's organizer (“the chair”) to influence the outcome by adding/deleting/partitioning voters or candidates. The important paper of Bartholdi, Tovey, and Trick [1] that introduces (constructive) control proposes computational complexity as a means of resisting control attempts: Look for election systems where the chair's task in seeking control is itself computationally infeasible.We introduce and study a method of combining two or more candidate‐anonymous election schemes in such a way that the combined scheme possesses all the resistances to control (i.e., all the NP‐hardnesses of control) possessed by any of its constituents: It combines their strengths. From this and new resistance constructions, we prove for the first time that there exists a neutral, anonymous election scheme (whose winner problem is computable in polynomial time) that is resistant to all twenty standard types of electoral control (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sincere‐Strategy Preference‐Based Approval Voting Fully Resists Constructive Control and Broadly Resists Destructive Control
Authors: Erdélyi Gábor , Nowak Markus , Rothe Jörg 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe study sincere‐strategy preference‐based approval voting (SP‐AV), a system proposed by Brams and Sanver [1] and here adjusted so as to coerce admissibility of the votes (rather than excluding inadmissible votes a priori), with respect to procedural control. In such control scenarios, an external agent seeks to change the outcome of an election via actions such as adding/deleting/partitioning either candidates or voters. SP‐AV combines the voters' preference rankings with their approvals of candidates, where in elections with at least two candidates the voters' approval strategies are adjusted – if needed – to approve of their most‐preferred candidate and to disapprove of their least‐preferred candidate. This rule coerces admissibility of the votes even in the presence of control actions, and hybridizes, in effect, approval with pluralitiy voting. We prove that this system is computationally resistant (i.e., the corresponding control problems are NP‐hard) to 19 out of 22 types of constructive and destructive control. Thus, SP‐AV has more resistances to control than is currently known for any other natural voting system with a polynomial‐time winner problem. In particular, SP‐AV is (after Copeland voting, see Faliszewski et al. [2, 3]) the second natural voting system with an easy winner‐determination procedure that is known to have full resistance to constructive control, and unlike Copeland voting it in addition displays broad resistance to destructive control (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ernest Everett Just, Johannes Holtfreter, and the origin of certain concepts in embryo morphogenesis
Authors: Byrnes W. Malcolm 
Published: July 2009

AbstractErnest E. Just (1883–1941) is best known for his discovery of the “wave of negativity” that sweeps of the sea urchin egg during fertilization, and his elucidation of what are known as the fast and slow blocks to polyspermy. Just's contemporary Johannes Holtfreter (1901–1992) is known for his pioneering work in amphibian morphogenesis, which helped to lay the foundation for modern vertebrate developmental biology. This paper, after briefly describing the life and scientific contributions of Just, argues that his work and ideas strongly influenced two of the concepts for which Holtfreter is best known: tissue affinity and autoneuralization (or autoinduction). Specifically, this paper argues that, first, Just's experiments demonstrating developmental stage‐specific changes in the adhesiveness of the blastomeres of cleavage embryos helped lay the foundation for Holtfreter's concept of tissue affinity and, second, Just's notion of the intrinsic irritability of the egg cell, which is evident in experimental parthenogenesis, strongly informed Holtfreter's concept of the nonspecific induction of neural tissue formation in amphibian gastrula ectoderm explants, a phenomenon known as autoinduction. Acknowledgment of these contributions by Just in no way diminishes the importance of Holtfreter's groundbreaking work. It does, however, extend the impact of Just's work into the area of embryo morphogenesis. It connects Just to Holtfreter and positions his work as an antecedent to embryo research that continues to this day. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 912–921, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonlinear twitch torque summation by motor units activated at M‐wave and H‐reflex latencies
Authors: Dean Jesse C. , Collins David F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe have suggested previously that motor units recruited reflexively contribute to torque produced during neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), but this has not been tested directly. The current experiments were designed to quantify the contributions to twitch torque made by motor units recruited at M‐wave and H‐reflex latencies. The relationship between M‐wave amplitude and torque was not linear. Rather, increases in M‐wave amplitude caused the largest torque increases when M‐waves were small. In addition, the torque contributions made by motor units recruited at M‐wave and H‐reflex latencies did not sum linearly, as changes in H‐reflex amplitude only caused significant changes in torque when M‐waves were small (<18% Mmax). This nonlinear summation of torque can be explained by the different latencies of twitches evoked by M‐waves and H‐reflexes. Large M‐waves produce strong contractions at a short latency, possibly introducing slack into adjacent muscle fibers and reducing the ability of motor units recruited reflexively to generate torque. Muscle Nerve 40: 221–230, 2009
Quality of life and pain in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Padua Luca , Aprile Irene , Frusciante Roberto , Iannaccone Elisabetta , Rossi Monica , Renna Rosaria , Messina Sonia , Frasca Giuseppina , Ricci Enzo 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess quality of life (QoL) and evaluate the occurrence and characteristics of pain in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) patients. No study has yet assessed QoL in a large group of FSHD patients and, overall, few studies have assessed pain in neuromuscular diseases. We performed a prospective study using a multidimensional protocol including: clinical (according to the Clinical Severity Scale Rev1); genetic (p13E‐11 EcoRI fragments Rev1); QoL (Short Form‐36); pain (Visual Analog Scale and Portenoy‐6 questions); and depression (Beck Depression Inventory) assessment. QoL measures of FSHD were compared with those of Italian norms. Moreover, we correlated QoL and pain measurements with clinical findings. Sixty‐five patients were enrolled in the study. QoL was statistically significantly reduced with respect to the Italian normative sample, mainly in physical domains. Our study demonstrated that pain is frequent in FSHD patients. More than half of the patients complained of at least moderate pain. Women complained of slightly higher levels of deterioration in the emotional aspects of QoL than men. Clinical pattern (as assessed by Clinical Severity Scale) was closely related to physical QoL domains: the higher the clinical involvement, the more severe the QoL deterioration. This study provided information that may be crucial in clinical practice: pain may be a relevant aspect in FSHD patients, and prevention strategies or relevant therapies should be considered as appropriate. Moreover, we must pay more attention to gender differences: women can suffer far greater deterioration in the emotional aspects of QoL. Further multidimensional observations are needed. Muscle Nerve 40: 200–205, 2009
Perceived pain and temporomandibular disorders in neuromuscular diseases
Authors: Fischer Michael J. , Riedlinger Kathrin , Schoser Benedikt , Bernateck Michael 
Published: July 2009

AbstractLittle is known about pain associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in neuromuscular diseases. Inpatients (N = 134) with neuromuscular disorder diagnoses were given questionnaires to estimate pain localization and intensity. Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and the Temporomandibular Index (TMI) were utilized to assess TMD. Pain was reported by 116 patients (86%). Legs (52%) and arms (33%) were the most common locations for pain localization, but the highest Pearson correlations (TMI vs. perceived pain) appeared for pain located in the trunk and arms (0.861, P < 0.01). No correlation between TMI and diagnosis group existed except for “acquired myopathy” and “miscellaneous neuromuscular diseases.” These results suggest that the degree of TMD does not correlate with pain according to disease, although common mechanisms might be responsible for pain development in specific body regions connected with TMD. Most important, higher levels of TMD are associated with higher levels of perceived pain. Muscle Nerve, 2009
Atypical deep peroneal neuropathy in the setting of an accessory deep peroneal nerve
Authors: Kayal Rana , Katirji Bashar 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe report a case of deep peroneal neuropathy resulting in foot drop with preserved toe extension. These unexpected findings were the result of the presence of an accessory deep peroneal nerve that provided total innervation of the extensor digitorum brevis. We review the literature on total innervation of the extensor digitorum brevis by the accessory deep peroneal nerve with and without an associated deep peroneal nerve lesion. Muscle Nerve 40: 313–315, 2009
Persistent multifocal pseudo‐conduction blocks in vasculitic neuropathy without antiganglioside antibodies
Authors: Ahdab Rechdi , Michel Marc , Neves Danusa O. , Andre Chantal , Lefaucheur Jean‐Pascal 
Published: July 2009

AbstractA woman presented with severe multifocal acute axonal neuropathy due to necrotizing vasculitis. Six years later, electrophysiological examination revealed features suggestive of persistent conduction block (CB) with increased temporal dispersion (ITD) affecting the right median and tibial nerves. A clinical case characterized by multifocal CBs that were observed several years after an initial episode of vasculitic neuropathy was recently reported. The occurrence of CBs paralleled clinical deterioration and was attributed to superimposed antiganglioside antibody‐mediated demyelination. In contrast, our patient was clinically stable and did not have antiganglioside antibodies. Nerve conduction studies showed pseudo‐CBs rather than true CBs. We suggest that pseudo‐CBs with ITD can reveal heterogeneous axonal regeneration as a sequel of a severe multifocal vasculitic neuropathy. This condition should be distinguished from the occurrence of pseudo‐CB in the acute phase of vasculitis or from superimposed immune‐mediated demyelination. Muscle Nerve 40: 290–293, 2009