bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropical tree seedling growth responses to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium addition
Authors: Santiago Louis S. , Wright S. Joseph , Harms Kyle E. , Yavitt Joseph B. , Korine Carmi , Garcia Milton N. , Turner Benjamin L. 
Published: October 2011

Summary1. Nutrients are a critical resource for plant growth, but the elements limiting growth in tropical forests have rarely been determined.2. We investigated the influence of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and micronutrients on seedling biomass and nutrient allocation in a factorial nutrient fertilization experiment in lowland tropical forest at the Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama. We also measured 8 years of herbivory and growth for 1800 seedlings. We sought to determine the identity of limiting elements and possible nutrient interactions.3. The five study species were Alseis blackiana, Desmopsis panamensis, Heisteria concinna, Sorocea affinis and Tetragastris panamensis. Plants grew in deeply shaded understorey with a mean canopy openness of 4.9% (±0.7%; 1 SE).4. Tissue N concentration increased by 11% with N addition. Tissue P concentration increased by 16% with P addition. Tissue K increased by 4% with K addition. K addition reduced root‐to‐shoot biomass ratio. There was no significant effect of fertilization on specific leaf area or leaf area ratio.5. The proportion of leaves damaged and the mean level of damage by herbivory increased with P and K addition and showed a significant P × K interaction.6.7ensp;Across all species and years, relative growth rate of height increased with K addition and with N and P in combination. Relative growth rate of leaf count trended 8.5% higher with K addition (P = 0.076).7. We also added micronutrients in a parallel experiment. There was no effect of micronutrient addition on any seedling parameter.8. Synthesis. K addition affected seedlings by enhancing tissue nutrient concentration, increasing herbivory, reducing root‐to‐shoot biomass ratio and increasing height growth. Additional effects of N or P on tissue chemistry, herbivory and growth offer support for the multiple limiting resources hypothesis. Our results suggest that seedling growth is limited by nutrients, especially K, even under highly shaded conditions in this lowland tropical forest.
Surveillance of autoimmune conditions following routine use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine
Authors: Chao C. , Klein N. P. , Velicer C. M. , Sy L. S. , Slezak J. M. , Takhar H. , Ackerson B. , Cheetham T. C. , Hansen J. , Deosaransingh K. , Emery M. , Liaw K.‐L. , Jacobsen S. J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract.  Chao C, Klein NP, Velicer CM, Sy LS, Slezak JM, Takhar H, Ackerson B, Cheetham TC, Hansen J, Deosaransingh K, Emery M, Liaw K‐L, Jacobsen SJ (Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA; Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA; Merck Research Laboratories, Upper Gwynedd, PA; South Bay Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; and Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Downey, CA, USA). Surveillance of autoimmune conditions following routine use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine. J Intern Med 2012; 271: 193–203.Objective.  An observational safety study of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) in women was conducted. This report presents findings from autoimmune surveillance.Design.  Subjects were followed for 180 days after each HPV4 dose for new diagnoses of 16 prespecified autoimmune conditions.Setting.  Two managed care organizations in California.Subjects.  Number of 189 629 women who received ≥1 dose of HPV4 between 08/2006 and 03/2008.Outcome.  Potential new‐onset autoimmune condition cases amongst HPV4 recipients were identified by electronic medical records. Medical records of those with ≥12‐month health plan membership prior to vaccination were reviewed by clinicians to confirm the diagnosis and determine the date of disease onset. The incidence of each autoimmune condition was estimated for unvaccinated women at one study site using multiple imputations and compared with that observed in vaccinated women. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated. Findings were reviewed by an independent Safety Review Committee (SRC).Results.  Overall, 1014 potential new‐onset cases were electronically identified; 719 were eligible for case review; 31–40% were confirmed as new onset. Of these, no cluster of disease onset in relation to vaccination timing, dose sequence or age was found for any autoimmune condition. None of the estimated IRR was significantly elevated except Hashimoto’s disease [IRR = 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.08–1.56]. Further investigation of temporal relationship and biological plausibility revealed no consistent evidence for a safety signal for autoimmune thyroid conditions. The SRC and the investigators identified no autoimmune safety concerns in this study.Conclusions.  No autoimmune safety signal was found in women vaccinated with HPV4.
Increased ethanol intake in prodynorphin knockout mice is associated to changes in opioid receptor function and dopamine transmission
Authors: Femenía Teresa , Manzanares Jorge 
Published: October 2011

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the role of the prodynorphin gene in alcohol sensitivity, preference and vulnerability to alcohol consumption. Handling‐induced convulsion (HIC) associated to alcohol, alcohol‐induced loss of righting reflex (LORR), hypothermic effects in response to acute ethanol challenge, blood ethanol levels (BELs), conditioned place preference, voluntary ethanol consumption and preference, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT) and proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression, and µ‐, δ‐ and κ‐opioid agonist‐stimulated [S35]‐ guanosine 5′‐triphosphate‐binding autoradiography were studied in prodynorphin knockout (PDYN KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice. There were no differences in HIC, LORR or the decrease in body temperature in response to acute ethanol challenge between PDYN KO and WT mice. PDYN KO mice presented higher BEL, higher ethanol‐conditioned place preference and more ethanol consumption and preference in a two‐bottle choice paradigm than WT mice. These findings were associated with lower TH and higher DAT gene expression in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra, and with lower PENK gene expression in the caudate–putamen (CPu), accumbens core (AcbC) and accumbens shell (AcbSh) in PDYN KO. The functional activity of the µ‐opioid receptor was lower in the CPu, AcbC, AcbSh and cingulate cortex (Cg) of PDYN KO mice. In contrast, δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptor‐binding autoradiographies were increased in the CPu and Cg (δ), and in the CPu, AcbC and Cg (κ) of PDYN KO. These results suggest that deletion of the PDYN gene increased vulnerability for ethanol consumption by altering, at least in part, PENK, TH and DAT gene expression, and µ‐, δ‐ and κ‐opioid receptor functional activity in brain areas closely related to ethanol reinforcement.
Developmental and disease‐related influences on self‐management acquisition among pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Piering Kristen , Arnon Ronen , Miloh Tamir A. , Florman Sander , Kerkar Nanda , Annunziato Rachel A. 
Published: October 2011

Piering K, Arnon R, Miloh TA, Florman S, Kerkar N, Annunziato RA. Developmental and disease‐related influences on self‐management acquisition among pediatric liver transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplantation 2011: 15: 819–826. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  Pediatric LT recipients are vulnerable to disruptions in their healthcare management and transitioning to self‐managed care. This study aimed to examine whether age at transplant and indication for transplant (acute vs. chronic liver disease) influence later self‐management skills. Sixty‐three LT recipients, aged 14 and older (M = 17.68, s.d. = 3.01), were recruited and asked to complete a healthcare management survey, the Developmentally Based Skills Checklist, adapted for transplant patients, listing 22 behaviors that medically ill adolescents should progressively master. While there were no significant differences between those who received an LT owing to an acute disease vs. those who received an LT owing to a chronic disease, the age at which patients received their transplant did yield significant results, although, overall, these findings were attenuated by current age. However, our findings indicated that males transplanted at a younger age struggled with mastery over their healthcare responsibilities relative to males transplanted later and females in both age groups. There are many possible reasons why the experience of transplant at a younger age could negatively affect or derail healthcare transitions. Future research is necessary to further untangle this relationship; yet, it seems as though longer time living with LT may make transition harder for families.
Benefit of transfusion‐related acute lung injury risk‐minimization measures – German haemovigilance data (2006–2010)
Authors: Funk M. B. , Guenay S. , Lohmann A. , Henseler O. , Heiden M. , Hanschmann K. M. O. , Keller‐Stanislawski B. 
Published: October 2011

Objective  Based on the frequency of immune‐mediated and non‐immune‐mediated transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), the effect of risk‐minimization measures was evaluated during a period of 5 years (2006–2010). Risk‐minimization measures were implemented in 2008/2009, consisting of exclusion of female donors with a history of pregnancy or exclusion of female donors with human leucocyte antigen (HLA)/human neutrophil alloantigen (HNA) antibodies.Methods  TRALI was confirmed according to the criteria of the International Haemovigilance Network. Based upon the results of donor testing of white‐blood‐cell antibodies (WBC‐Ab) against HLA or HNAs, confirmed cases were classified as immune‐ or non‐immune‐mediated TRALI. Reporting rates were calculated on the basis of the annually transfused blood components, and pre‐ and post‐implementation periods were compared.Results  In total, 60 immune‐mediated (75%) and 20 non‐immune‐mediated (25%) TRALI reactions were confirmed. A total of 68 (64 women and four men) donors were involved: seven red‐blood‐cell concentrates donors (13%), six platelet concentrate donors (10%), and 48 fresh frozen plasma (FFP) donors (77%). The reporting rate of immune‐mediated TRALI caused by FFP decreased continuously; from 12·71 per million units in 2006/2007 to 6·81 per million units in 2008/2009 and no case in 2010.Conclusion  The comparison of the pre‐ and the post‐implementation period demonstrated a significantly reduced risk of TRALI events comparing 2006/2007 with 2010 (P‐value: < 0·01). Furthermore, no case of TRALI‐induced fatality occurred after the implementation of risk‐minimization measures.
Male diet and age influence to inhibit female remating in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Costa A. M. , Anjos‐Duarte C. S. , Roriz A. K. P. , Dias V. S. , Joachim‐Bravo I. S. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of age and adult nutritional status of Ceratitis capitata males on their ability to inhibit female remating. Their roles and that of copula duration on the amount of sperm transferred to female spermathecae were also analysed. After emergence, adults were kept in separate groups according to their diets (either high protein – 6.5 g of brewer’s yeast, or low protein – 3.5 g of brewer’s yeast) and their age at the time of use in experiments (4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days old). The results demonstrated that: (i) male age was not a factor that influenced remating when females mated with well‐nourished males; however, the youngest males (4 days old) in the low‐protein group were less efficient in preventing female remating; (ii) 12‐ and 16‐day‐old males fed on a high‐protein diet transferred and produced more sperm than males of other groups; (iii) there was no correlation between copula duration and the amount of sperm transferred to the female; the longest copula durations were observed among low‐protein‐diet/20‐day‐old males. These results suggest that age and nutrition influence the ability of the males to inhibit female remating. The sterile insect technique is most effective when females do not remate after coupling with sterile males, and therefore, the capacity to inhibit female remating is an important characteristic of males released in the field.
Natural and human causes of earwig mortality during winter: temperature, parasitoids and soil tillage
Authors: Moerkens R. , Leirs H. , Peusens G. , Beliën T. , Gobin B. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractBeneficial arthropods are often used for suppressing specific pest outbreaks in agricultural crop systems. The European earwig, Forficula auricularia L., (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), is an important natural enemy in fruit orchards. Recently, ecological studies were published describing earwig dispersal and survival during summer, hereby revealing clear differences between populations with a single brood (SBP) and two broods a year (DBP). In this article, we will describe three potential mortality factors of earwigs during the underground winter period, namely cold temperatures, parasitoids and soil tillage. This knowledge is essential for making efficient management strategies for increasing earwig abundance in fruit orchards. The effect of cold temperatures was checked during a 3‐year semi‐field experiment. Parasitism rates of Triarthria spp. (Fallén) and Ocytata pallipes (Fallén) (Diptera: Tachinidae) were obtained in a rearing experiment. The negative effect of soil tillage on the survival of earwigs nests was checked in a field experiment covering a 4‐year time period. A strong, negative relation between temperature [cooling day degrees (CDD)] and survival of female and male earwigs during winter was found. Male earwigs of SBP died very quickly, mimicking natural conditions. Between 60% and 90% of females do not survive winter. Survival of females in DBP was higher than in SBP. Parasitism rates vary a lot between species, generation, year and location (0–20%). During winter, we found a maximum mortality of 13%. There is a clear trend that soil tillage can reduce the number of nymphs in spring and summer by 50%. Implications for biocontrol are the following: (i) mortality owing to temperature can be predicted using CDD and if necessary preventive management actions can be undertaken to control pests; (ii) parasitism rates are negligible compared to high impact of temperature; and (iii) soil tillage can be timed more accurately using a recently developed day degree model.
Costa Rican soils contain highly insecticidal granulovirus strains against Phthorimaea operculella and Tecia solanivora
Authors: Gómez‐Bonilla Y. , López‐Ferber M. , Caballero P. , Léry X. , Muñoz D. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractThe aim of this work was to isolate and characterize novel Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV) strains from Costa Rican soils. Three novel strains, named PhopGV‐CR3, PhopGV‐CR4 and PhopGV‐CR5, were isolated from three locations in Costa Rica, Alvarado, Zarcero and Abangares, respectively, by means of soaking potato tubers with diluted soil samples. An additional strain, PhopGV‐CR2, was identified from diseased larvae from a Tecia solanivora laboratory culture. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms obtained for each isolate with six restriction endonucleases (RENs) allowed their identification as four distinct PhopGV strains. Both REN and Polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated the existence of an array of genotypic variants present in all isolates. Bioassays in P. operculella and T. solanivora showed that PhopGV‐CR3 was well adapted to the two coexisting hosts with high levels of pathogenicity against both pest species. The mean lethal dose values of this strain were 2.8 OBs/mm2 for P. operculella and less than 0.5 OBs/mm2 for T. solanivora. We conclude that PhopGV‐CR3 shows great promise for soil application against these pests in Costa Rican potato crops.
Alterations of acid–base balance, electrolyte concentrations, and osmolality caused by nonionic hyperosmolar contrast medium during pediatric cardiac catheterization
Authors: Dennhardt Nils , Schoof Stephan , Osthaus Wilhelm A. , Witt Lars , Bertram Harald , Sümpelmann Robert 
Published: October 2011

SummaryObjective:  This prospective clinical observational study was conducted to investigate the effects of contrast medium on acid–base balance, electrolyte concentrations, and osmolality in children.Background: For pediatric cardiac catheterization, high doses of nonionic hyperosmolar contrast medium are widely used.Methods:  Forty pediatric patients (age 0–16 years) undergoing cardiac angiography with more than 3 ml·kg−1 of nonionic hyperosmolar contrast medium (Iomeprol) were enrolled, and the total amount of the contrast agent given was documented. Before and after contrast medium administration, a blood sample was collected to analyze electrolytes, acid–base parameters, osmolality, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.Results:  After cardiac catheterization, pH, hemoglobin, hematocrit, bicarbonate, base excess, sodium, chloride, calcium, anion gap and strong ion difference decreased, whereas osmolality increased significantly (base excess −1.8 ± 1.8 vs −3.4 ± 2.3, sodium 138 ± 2.9 vs 132 ± 4.1 mm, osmolality 284 ± 5.7 vs 294 ± 7.6 mosmol·kg−1, P < 0.01). Seventy‐eight percent of the children developed hyponatremia (sodium <135 mm). No changes were seen in pCO2, lactate, and potassium levels.Conclusions:  Regarding the differential diagnosis of metabolic disturbances after pediatric cardiac catheterization, low‐anion gap metabolic acidosis and hyponatremia should be considered as a possible side effect of the administered contrast medium.
Duodenal surveillance improves the prognosis after duodenal cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Bülow S. , Christensen I. J. , Højen H. , Björk J. , Elmberg M. , Järvinen H. , Lepistö A. , Nieuwenhuis M. , Vasen H. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractAim  Duodenal adenomatosis in familial adenomatous polyposis results in a cancer risk that increases with age. Endoscopic surveillance has been recommended, but the effect has not yet been documented. The aim of this study was to present the results of long‐term duodenal surveillance and to evaluate the risk of cancer development.Method  Follow up of patients in a previous study with gastroduodenoscopy in 1990–2010. Statistical analysis included the χ2 test, actuarial method and Kaplan–Meier analysis.Results  Among 304 patients, 261 (86%) had more than one endoscopy. The median follow up was 14 (interquartile range, 9–17) years. The cumulative lifetime risk of duodenal adenomatosis was 88% (95% CI, 84–93), and of Spigelman stage IV was 35% (95% CI, 25–45). The Spigelman stage improved in 32 (12%) patients, remained unchanged in 88 (34%) and worsened in 116 (44%). Twenty (7%) patients had duodenal cancer at a median age of 56 (range, 44–82) years. The cumulative cancer incidence was 18% at 75 years of age (95% CI, 8–28) and increased with increasing Spigelman stage at the index endoscopy to 33% in Spigelman stage IV (P < 0.0001). The median overall survival was 6.4 years (95% CI, 1.7 to not estimated): 8 years after a screen‐detected cancer vs 0.8 years (95% CI, 0.03–1.7) after a symptomatic cancer (P < 0.0001). The location of the mutation in the APC gene did not influence the risk of developing Spigelman stage IV (P = 0.46) or duodenal cancer (P = 0.83).Conclusion  The risk of duodenal cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis is considerable, and regular surveillance and cancer prophylactic surgery result in a significantly improved prognosis.
Dose response for travoprost®in the glaucomatous beagle
Authors: MacKay Edward O. , McLaughlin Marsha , Plummer Caryn E. , Ben‐Shlomo Anna , Gelatt Kirk N. 
Published: October 2011

AbstractObjective To evaluate the changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size in 12 Beagles with inherited glaucoma after instillations of 0.033, 0.0033, 0.001, 0.00033, and 0.0001% travoprost (Travatan®‐Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Ft Worth, TX, USA) in multiple single‐dose studies.Procedures Intraocular pressure and pupil diameter (PD) measurements were obtained at 9 am, 12 pm, 3 pm, and 9 amthe following day (24 h) in two groups of six glaucoma dogs. After 7 days, the vehicle or concentration was repeated in the contralateral eye of the same animals.Results Concentrations of 0.00033, 0.001, and 0.0033% travoprost significantly lowered IOP and PD, but the 0.0001% concentration provided limited IOP changes, although PD changes were still significant. This suggests travoprost is effective in the dog to lower IOP and reduce pupil size at concentrations starting between 0.0001 and 0.00033%.Conclusions The dose response for travoprost in the glaucomatous Beagle indicates this model is highly sensitive to this group of drugs, even at concentrations as low as 0.00033% (1/12 the commercially available concentration).
Penetrating ocular gunshot injury in a Labrador Retriever
Authors: Sansom Jane , Labruyère Julien 
Published: October 2011

AbstractA 3½‐year‐old, female (spayed) working black Labrador Retriever was referred to the Unit of Comparative Ophthalmology at the Animal Health Trust after a penetrating lead gunshot injury to the right eye. Clinical examination revealed penetrating injuries to the right cornea, left lateral canthus, and left forelimb. Radiography revealed the presence of multiple metallic foreign bodies in the head and one in the left forelimb. B‐mode ocular ultrasonography confirmed the presence of an intraocular metallic foreign body within the posterior tunics of the right eye. Medical treatment of the right eye over a period of 1 month resulted in a comfortable, visual eye. Long‐term follow‐up over 4½ years revealed a slow deterioration in vision because of progressive lens opacification and the presence of a localized area of chorioretinopathy.
Insulin resistance and pathological brain ageing
Authors: Cholerton B. , Baker L. D. , Craft S. 
Published: October 2011

Diabet. Med. 28, 1463–1475 (2011)AbstractSir Harold Himsworth’s prescient observations 75 years ago have recently been expanded to include a clear relationship between insulin resistance and central nervous system function. Insulin is a master regulator of corporeal ageing in all known species, determining the rate and expression of ageing in multiple body systems. Thus, it is not surprising that insulin also plays an important role in brain ageing and cognitive decline that is associated with pathological brain ageing. Brain ageing is accompanied by reduced insulin effectiveness, either by an inadequate cellular response to insulin or by insulin deficiency attributable to reduced insulin transport across the blood–brain barrier. Age‐associated brain insulin abnormalities may contribute to cognitive decline in ageing, as have been documented in older adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. With more extreme pathology, brain insulin resistance may be associated with neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, and the condition which precedes Alzheimer’s disease, known as amnestic mild cognitive impairment. In the following review, we discuss the mechanisms through which insulin resistance may induce or potentiate pathological brain ageing and thereby create a neurobiological environment that promotes neurodegeneration and associated cognitive decline. This topic is timely, given that insulin resistance‐associated conditions such as diabetes and obesity have reached epidemic proportions. The prevalence of such chronic conditions, in combination with a rapidly ageing population, may result in a corresponding increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders. Fortunately, insulin resistance‐associated conditions are amenable to both pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions that may reduce the deleterious impact of insulin resistance on the ageing brain.