bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hintergrund für die vereinfachten Regeln bei Mauerwerksgebäuden im Erdbebenfall
Authors: Butenweg Christoph , Fehling Ekkehard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBei der Ausarbeitung des nationalen Anwendungsdokumentes zur DIN EN 1998‐1 waren die in der ENV‐Fassung enthaltenen vereinfachten Regeln im Lichte aktueller Forschungsergebnisse zu überprüfen und zu überarbeiten. Die gleiche Aufgabe stellte sich auch für die Neufassung der DIN 4149. In beiden Fällen sind neben konstruktiven Regeln für die Art und Anordnung der zur Gebäudeaussteifung heranzuziehenden Wände im Grundriss Tabellen enthalten, die unter bestimmten Bedingungen den Entfall eines rechnerischen Nachweises der Tragwände im Erdbebenfall ermöglichen. Dies ist für Schwachbebengebiete, wie sie in Deutschland und anderen Ländern Mitteleuropas anzutreffen sind, sinnvoll, um unnötigen Rechenaufwand sowie Probleme mit der Führbarkeit von Nachweisen so weit wie möglich auszuschalten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Hintergründe der vereinfachten Regeln diskutiert und die Ergebnisse der Anwendung mit verschiedenen Rechenverfahren verglichen und bewertet.Background of simple design rules for masonry buildings under seismic loads. The development of the National Annex for DIN EN 1998‐1 requires the check and revision of simple design rules based on the ENV‐version taken novel research results into account. The same task was needed for the preparation of the revised version of DIN 4149. Both codes offer simple structural design rules for type and arrangement of horizontal load bearing walls in combination with tables of necessary shear wall areas, which can be used to avoid a structural analysis. The application of simple rules for buildings in low to moderate seismic areas, like Germany and other countries in Central Europe, is a reasonable possibility for the engineer to compass unnecessary computing time and well known safety verification problems of masonry shear walls. The present article introduces the background of simple design rules for masonry buildings and evaluates their application results in comparison to alternative calculation procedures.
Ausführung von Mauerwerk nach Eurocode 6 – was ändert sich?
Authors: Ostendorf David 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDie Normenteile DIN EN 1996 1‐1, ‐2 und ‐3 wurden im Dezember 2010 in konsolidierter Fassung veröffentlicht. Die dazugehörigen Nationalen Anhänge konnten im Herbst 2011 fertiggestellt werden und wurden mit Ausgabedatum Januar 2012 vom Beuth‐Verlag veröffentlicht. Im Heft 2/2011 wurde bereits über die Änderungen im Normenwerk für Mauerwerksbau nach EC 6 berichtet [1]. Zu dieser Zeit waren die Normenentwürfe veröffentlicht und die Fachöffentlichkeit aufgefordert, Kommentare und ggf. Einsprüche einzureichen. Auf Einspruchssitzungen am 29./30. 08. und 01. 09. 2011 konnten insgesamt 455 Einsprüche zu den drei dort behandelten Nationalen Anhängen des EC 6 bearbeitet werden.Im vorliegenden Artikel sollen aufbauend auf der Veröffentlichung in Heft 2/2011 nur die für die Ausführung relevanten Bereiche des EC 6 betrachtet werden.Execution of masonry according to Eurocode 6 – what will change? In magazine no. 2/2011 we reported the changes in the standards of masonry according to Eurocode 6 [1]. At that time the standards were published and the experts were asked to commet and possibly raise an objection. On meetings referring to the objections on 29th/30th of August and 1st of September 2011 a total of 445 objections to three of the discussed national annexes to the Eurocode 6 could be processed.On basis of the publication in magazine no. 2/2011 the present item should only regard to parts of the Eurocode 6 relevant to the execution.
Antiproliferative Activity of PtIIComplexes with Carboxylated Phosphanes in Chelated or Ring‐Opened Forms
Authors: Ravera Mauro , Gabano Elisabetta , Sardi Manuele , Monti Elena , Gariboldi Marzia B. , Osella Domenico 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe biological activity of four cisplatin‐like Pt–phosphane complexes, namely,cis‐[PtCl2(L)2], L = PPh3, P(Ph)2(p‐C6H4‐COOH), P(Ph)2(‐CH2CH2‐COOH) and its succinimidyl ester derivative, has been tested on monolayer cultures of three tumour cell lines (namely, A2780 human ovarian carcinoma and its cisplatin‐resistant form A2780Cp8, and human colon adenocarcinoma HCT116). These complexes can undergo intramolecular rearrangements by virtue of their functionalized phosphanes, thereby existing as fully opened (O) or fully closed (C) forms. Our results show that only the opened forms exhibit moderate activity, which, although inferior to the activity exhibited by the archetype metallo‐drug cisplatin, is substantially retained in the A2780Cp8 cell line, yielding very low resistance factors. The trend is also maintained on the less cisplatin‐sensitive HCT116 line. When the complexes assume the bis‐chelated (C) form, the antiproliferative activity is deeply reduced. Two Pt‐amine congeners, containing β‐alanine and 3‐methoxypropylamine, with C and O structures, respectively, were synthesized and their antiproliferative propensity was evaluated for comparison purposes, and a similar scenario was observed.
Effects of Magnetic Field on Conductance and Electroluminescence in Organic Devices
Authors: Ehrenfreund Eitan , Vardeny Zeev Valy 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this contribution we review recent advances of the organic magnetic field effects, namely magneto‐conductance and magneto‐electroluminescence, in both experiment and theory. We describe a number of processes, including the polaron‐pair and triplet‐triplet pair mechanisms that are responsible for the magnetic field effects in organic semiconductor systems. For the polaron pair mechanism, we review in detail the effect of the hyperfine interaction, both isotropic and anisotropic; different g‐factors of the two polarons composing the pair; and the spin orbit interaction. The effect of the triplet‐triplet annihilation process is also analyzed. Experimental examples for each case treated theoretically are given.
Cardamonin protects septic mice from acute lung injury by preventing endothelial barrier dysfunction
Authors: Wei Zhifeng , Yang Jian , Xia Yu‐Feng , Huang Wen‐Zhe , Wang Zheng‐Tao , Dai Yue 
Published: June 2012

AbstractCardamonin, a flavone compound isolated from Alpinia katsumadai Heyata seeds, has been reported to possess anti‐inflammatory and anticoagulative activities, and it might be beneficial for management of sepsis. This study was conducted to examine the protective effects of cardamonin on experimental sepsis and resultant acute lung injury (ALI). Cardamonin (30 and 100 mg/kg) significantly elevated the survival rate of septic mice, alleviated ALI and lung microvascular leak, and lowered the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. In vitro, it (25 and 50 µM) concentration dependently inhibited endothelium permeability and downregulated phosphorylation of P38 in rat lung microvascular endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). P38 inhibitor inhibited the endothelium permeability. In RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, cardamonin also showed selective inhibition of P38 phosphorylation induced by LPS. These results indicate that cardamonin can protect septic mice from ALI by preventing endothelium barrier dysfunction via selectively inhibiting P38 activation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:282–290, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21420
Methylglyoxal inhibition of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase from Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Hoque Md. Anamul , Uraji Misugi , Torii Akiko , Banu Mst. Nasrin Akhter , Mori Izumi C. , Nakamura Yoshimasa , Murata Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2012

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MG) is one of the aldehydes accumulated in plants under environmental stress. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX) plays a key role in the protection of cells from oxidative damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species in higher plants. A cDNA encoding cAPX, named NtcAPX, was isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. We characterized recombinant NtcAPX (rNtcAPX) as a fusion protein with glutathione S‐transferase to investigate the effects of MG on APX. NtcAPX consists of 250 amino acids and has a deduced molecular mass of 27.5 kDa. The rNtcAPX showed a higher APX activity. MG treatments resulted in a reduction of APX activity and modifications of amino groups in rNtcAPX with increasing Km for ascorbate. On the contrary, neither NaCl nor cadmium reduced the activity of APX. The present study suggests that inhibition of APX is in part due to the modification of amino acids by MG. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:315–321, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21423
Comment on “Density functional theory study of 1,2‐dioxetanone decomposition in condensed phase”
Authors: Roca‐Sanjuán Daniel , Lundberg Marcus , Mazziotti David A. , Lindh Roland 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn the preceding paper results are presented, which are in serious conflict with state‐of‐the‐art ab initio method. Based on these new results the authors propose a new explanation of the reason for the preferential production of a phosphorescent state. Here we show that these controversial results are flawed, since the model use exclude biradical electron structures. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accurate and fast treatment of large molecular systems: Assessment of CEPA and pCCSD within the local pair natural orbital approximation
Authors: Schwabe Tobias 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe local pair natural orbital approach, which has been combined with two post‐Hartree–Fock methods, CEPA‐1 and pCCSD‐1a, recently, is assessed for its applicability to large real‐world problems without abundant computing resources. Test cases are selected based on being representative for computational chemistry problems and availability of reliable reference data. Both methods show a good performance and can be applied easily to systems of up to 100 atoms when very accurate energies are sought after. A considerable demand for basis sets of good quality has been identified and practical guidelines to satisfy this are mapped out. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arabinosylated phenolics obtained from SO2‐steam‐pretreated sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Carrasco Cristhian , Solano Carlos , Peñarrieta José Mauricio , Baudel Henrique Macedo , Galbe Mats , Lidén Gunnar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA pentose‐rich hydrolysate fraction obtained by extraction of steam‐pretreated sugarcane bagasse was analysed with regard to dissolved phenolics. The liquid obtained after steam pretreatment (2% SO2 (w/w) at 190 °C for 5 min) was divided into two parts: one containing dissolved compounds originating from hemicellulose (with xylose as the dominating compound), and the other containing predominantly dissolved compounds originating from lignin. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, the main dissolved compounds originating from lignin were identified as the glycosylated aromatics, 5‐O‐(trans‐feruloyl)‐L‐Arabinofuranose and 5‐O‐(trans‐coumaroyl)‐L‐Arabinofuranose, together with p‐coumaric acid and small amounts of more common free phenolics such as p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, p‐hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillin. The phenolic compounds were analysed and quantified using reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The findings show that SO2 steam explosion opened up new degradation pathways during lignin degradation. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Tolerance to Dietary Phenolics and Diet Breadth in Three Seed‐eating Birds: Implications for Graminivory
Authors: RÍOS JUAN MANUEL , MANGIONE ANTONIO MARCELO , MARONE LUIS 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThe ability to cope with plant secondary compounds (PSCs) has profound implications for an animal's behavior. In the present study, we assessed the tolerance to dietary phenolics in three seed‐eating birds: Zonotrichia capensis, Saltatricula multicolor, and Diuca diuca, which differ in their diet breadth. Seeds in their habitat have distinct chemical composition: grass seeds have less PSCs, specifically, less total phenolics than forb seeds. Based on the detoxification limitation hypothesis and using published data of the natural history of these birds in the central Monte desert, we postulate that predominantly and exclusively graminivorous birds such as D. diuca and S. multicolor, respectively, are less tolerant due, in part, to a lower detoxification capacity than those with greater diet breadth, Z. capensis. To achieve this goal, we measured the food intake of diets varying in their concentration of tannic acid (TA). Indicators of tolerance were body mass change, food, TA and water intake, and glucuronic acid output throughout the experiment. Zonotrichia capensis performed better along the tolerance experiment: it maintained body mass from 0 to 4% TA diet, food and TA intake were higher than the other two species at the end of the experiment, and glucuronic acid output by Z. capensis was greater than D. diuca and S. multicolor from 2% TA diet until the end of the experiment. Our results suggest that Z. capensis is the most tolerant species and this physiological trait may explain their greater diet breadth. J. Exp. Zool. 00A:1‐9, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Climatic variations in Central America and the Caribbean
Authors: Hastenrath Stefan , Polzin Dierk 
Published: June 2012

AbstractResuming earlier work, this study explores the circulation mechanisms of rainfall variations in Central America and the Caribbean during 1921–1986. Regarding interannual variability, correlation analysis shows as favourable for abundant rainfall in the region warm surface waters, low pressure, upward motion, and weak tradewinds on the Atlantic side and over the eastern Pacific enhanced southerlies and a northward displaced intertropical convergence zone. In the course of the twentieth century, the region experienced alternations between protracted and contrastingly extreme regimes of rainfall, from wet 1931–1938 to dry 1939–1947 to wet 1950–1956 to dry 1971–1978. Changes in circulation patterns from the dry to the wet regimes are in the sense of correlations in interannual variability, pattern changes being broadly inverse in the evolution from the wet to the dry regimes. The alternations between contrasting circulation and rainfall regimes are reflected in changing lake levels. The study exemplifies the information value of a novel circulation data set. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Greenhouse warming and solar brightening in and around the Alps
Authors: Philipona Rolf 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAt low elevations (500 m a.s.l.) Central Europe's surface temperature increased about 1.3 °C since 1981. Interestingly, at high elevations (2200 m a.s.l.) in the Alps, temperature rose less than 1 °C over the same period. Detailed investigations of temperature, humidity and the radiation budget at lowland and alpine climate stations now show that the difference in temperature rise is likely related to unequal solar‐ and greenhouse warming. The analysis shows that the important decline of anthropogenic aerosols in Europe since the mid‐1980s led to solar brightening at low elevations, whereas inherent low aerosol concentrations at high elevations led to only minor changes of solar radiation in the Alps. In the Lowland, absolute humidity and also total net radiation show an about 6% K−1 Clausius–Clapeyron conform increase with temperature since the 1980s. In the Alps, however, the percentage increase rate of humidity and total net radiation is more than twice as large. This large water vapour increase in the Alps is likely related to strong warming and thermal advection in the Lowlands, and may also have increased due to atmospheric circulation changes. Hence, while in the Alps temperature increased primarily due to strong water vapour enhanced greenhouse warming, solar brightening combined with anthropogenic greenhouse gas and water vapour feedback greenhouse warming led to a higher temperature increase at low elevations in Central Europe. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Solar global ultraviolet and broadband global radiant fluxes and their relationships with aerosol optical depth at New Delhi
Authors: Bano Tarannum , Singh Sachchidanand , Gupta N. C. , John Thomas 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe solar global ultraviolet (GUV) and broadband global (G) radiation flux obtained on a horizontal plane in Delhi, during April 2010 to March 2011 have been used to investigate the temporal variability of these radiations and their ratio, fraction of UV (FUV). For the first time the clearness index (KT) has been estimated over Delhi and its variability during different months of the year and season has been studied in detail. The impact of atmospheric aerosols on KT has also been studied. It has been found that for every unit increase in aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 340 nm, KT decreases by 0.06. A strong anti‐correlation with correlation coefficient − 0.75 is observed between AOD and KT. On the basis of our field experience and observations at Delhi it is found that for highly cloudy and overcast conditions 0⩽KT⩽0.15, for partial cloudy or hazy conditions 0.15⩽KT⩽0.21 and KT > 0.21 for clear sky conditions. In addition, during foggy days in winter we have found KT values lying in the range 0.12–0.18 at Delhi. The day‐time daily‐averaged fluxes GUV and G varied in the range 0.15–1.23 MJ m−2 and 3.36–27.02 MJ m−2, respectively. The GUV and G showed similar pattern during the year except for the wet season when the FUV increased possibly due to an increase in water vapour concentration. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Relative contributions of design, alignment, and loading variability in knee replacement mechanics
Authors: Fitzpatrick Clare K. , Clary Chadd W. , Laz Peter J. , Rullkoetter Paul J. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSubstantial variation in total knee replacement (TKR) outcomes exists within the patient population. Some of this variability is due to differences in the design of the implanted components and variation in surgical alignment, while other variability is due to differences in the applied forces and torques due to anatomic and physiological differences within a patient population. We evaluated the relative contributions of implant design, surgical alignment, and patient‐specific loading variability to overall tibiofemoral joint mechanics to provide insight into which measures can be influenced through design and surgical decisions, and which are inherently dependent on variation within the patient population and should be considered in the robustness of the implant design and surgical procedure. Design, surgical, and loading parameters were assessed using probabilistic finite element methods during simulated stance‐phase gait and squat activities. Patient‐specific loading was found to be the primary contributor to joint loading and kinematics during low flexion, particularly under conditions of high external loads (for instance, the gait cycle with high internal–external torque), while design and surgical factors, particularly femoral posterior radius and posterior slope of the tibial insert became increasingly important in TKR performance in deeper flexion. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:2015–2024, 2012
In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of a water‐dilutable cassia oil microemulsion against Geotrichum citri‐aurantii
Authors: Xu Shi‐Xiang , Li Yi‐Chen , Liu Xia , Mao Li‐Juan , Zhang Hui , Zheng Xiao‐Dong 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Recently, food‐grade microemulsions have been of increasing interest to researchers and have shown great potential in industrial applications. In this study a food‐grade water‐dilutable microemulsion system with cassia oil as oil, ethanol as cosurfactant, Tween 20 as surfactant and water was developed and its antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo against Geotrichum citri‐aurantii was assessed.RESULTS: The phase diagram results confirmed the feasibility of forming a water‐dilutable microemulsion based on cassia oil. One microemulsion formulation, cassia oil/ethanol/Tween 20 = 1:3:6 (w/w/w), was selected with the capability to undergo full dilution with water. The average particle size was 6.3 nm. The in vitro antifungal experiments showed that the microemulsion inhibited fungal growth on solid medium and prevented arthroconidium germination in liquid medium and that cassia oil had stronger activity when encapsulated in the microemulsion. The in vivo antifungal experiments indicated that the water‐dilutable microemulsion was effective in preventing postharvest diseases of citrus fruits caused by G. citri‐aurantii.CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest a promising utilisation of water‐dilutable microemulsions based on essential oils for the control of postharvest diseases. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Wine composition plays an important role in the control of carcinogenic precursor formation by Lactobacillus hilgardii X1B
Authors: Arena Mario E , Lisi María S , Manca de Nadra María C , Alberto María R 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lactobacillus hilgardii, a wine lactic acid bacterium, is able to use arginine, through the arginine deiminase pathway with the formation of citrulline, a precursor of the carcinogen ethyl carbamate. The influence of different Argentine wine varieties (Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Malbec), on bacterial growth and arginine metabolism was examined. Furthermore, the effect of different components normally present in wines on the enzyme activities of the arginine deiminase system was determined.RESULTS: Malbec wine under all conditions assayed (33, 50 and 100% supplemented wine:basal media) showed higher arginine consumption and citrulline production than the other wines, as well as the highest bacterial growth and survival of Lactobacillus hilgardii X1B. Glucose and L‐malic inhibited both arginine deiminase enzymes while fructose and citric acid only inhibited arginine deiminase. The red wines assayed in this study had different composition, and this is an explanation for the different behavior of the bacterium.CONCLUSION: The highest citrulline production in Malbec wine could be correlated with its lower concentrations of glucose, fructose, citric and phenolic acid than the other wines. Therefore, a wine with lower concentration of these sugars and acids could be dangerous due to the formation of ethyl carbamate precursors. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Tourism Experience Network: Co‐creation of Experiences in Interactive Processes
Authors: Sfandla Chouki , Björk Peter 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTThis article launches a new framework, the Tourism Experience Network (TEN), which explores co‐creation of experiences. The TEN framework absorbs value as experience logic in tourism marketing. Its uniqueness illustrates structuring processes and includes consumers/tourists in the service management. A theoretical explorative technique based on literature was used to construct the TEN. It departures from interactive networks, new service paradigm and tourism marketing, and contributes to tourism experience theories. Inspiration from the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) group was embraced to modify issues inherent from traditional networks—the ARA model. By linking this approach with experience, actors are defined as experience facilitators in tourism and networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.