bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter drainage versus needle aspiration in management of large (>10 cm diameter) amoebic liver abscesses
Authors: Gupta Shilpi Singh , Singh Onkar , Sabharwal Glossy , Hastir Ankur 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectives:  To compare the effectiveness of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) and percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) in the management of large (>10 cm diameter) amoebic liver abscesses.Methods:  Eighty‐two patients with amoebic liver abscess were randomly allocated to PCD (n= 42) or PNA (n= 40). Intervention was done under ultrasonography (US) [mainly] or computed tomography guidance within 24 h of admission. PNA was repeated every 3rd day if the cavity size had not reduced to 50% of the original size, for up to three times. Persistence of cavity or of clinical symptoms was considered failure of treatment. Duration to attain clinical relief, duration of hospital stay, complications, treatment failure and deaths were recorded.Results:  PNA was successful in 32 (80%) patients (one aspiration in 4, two in 18 and three in 10 patients), while PCD was successful in 38 (90.5%) patients. Durations to attain clinical relief and parentral antibiotics required were significantly lesser in the PCD group. Hospital stay, although did not differ significantly, was lesser for PCD group. The only procedure‐related complication due to PCD was rupture of abscess in two cases, leading to sepsis and death of one patient. Complications of PNA included pleural injury in one patient, and haemorrhage leading to subcapsular hematoma in another.Conclusion:  PCD is a better treatment option than PNA for the management of large (>10 cm diameter) amoebic liver abscess, in terms of duration to attain clinical relief and duration for which parentral antibiotics were needed.
Adding amikacin to fluoroquinolone‐based antimicrobial prophylaxis reduces prostate biopsy infection rates
Authors: Batura Deepak , Rao G. Gopal , Bo Nielsen Peder , Charlett André 
Published: October 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Fluoroquinolones are almost universally used as antimicrobial prophylaxis for prevention of infections after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. However, many recent studies have identified an alarming trend of increasing fluoroquinolone resistance leading to a rise in infections after biopsy. This indicates the unsuitability of ciprofloxacin as appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis.In this study, we have demonstrated a significant reduction in post biopsy infections by adding amikacin to fluoroquinolone based prophylaxis.OBJECTIVE• To examine the efficacy of adding amikacin to fluoroquinolone‐based antimicrobial prophylaxis in preventing transrectal ultrasonography‐guided prostate biopsy (TGB) associated infections.PATIENTS AND METHODS• Infections after TGB were compared before adding amikacin to antimicrobial prophylaxis (2006) with those that occurred after adding amikacin to the prophylaxis (2007 and 2008).• During both periods antimicrobial prophylaxis consisted of ciprofloxacin, co‐amoxiclav and metronidazole except after August 2008 when co‐amoxiclav was discontinued.• Amikacin was added to the prophylaxis protocol in the period 2007 and 2008.RESULTS• Before adding amikacin 11 of 281 (3.9%) patients developed infections after TGB (seven urinary tract infections (UTIs) and seven bacteraemias) whereas after adding amikacin six UTIs and two bacteraemias occurred in 590 (1.4%) patients.• In both periods, most of the strains causing the infections were ciprofloxacin resistant (2006: 13 of 14; 2007 and 2008: seven of eight).• Overall, there is strong statistical evidence that the total infection rate was significantly reduced after the inclusion of amikacin into the prostate biopsy prophylaxis regimen.• In 2007 and 2008 when amikacin was included in prophylaxis, the bacteraemia rate was reduced to just over one‐tenth of the rate in 2006 before introducing amikacin (P= 0.002).• Although just failing to reach the conventional significance level of 0.05, the evidence suggests a reduction in UTI by an estimated 60% after adding amikacin.CONCLUSION• We conclude that adding amikacin to fluoroquinolone‐based antimicrobial prophylaxis in areas with high fluoroquinolone resistance confers significant benefit in preventing infections after TGB.
A Survey of Procedural Noise Functions
Authors: Lagae A. , Lefebvre S. , Cook R. , DeRose T. , Drettakis G. , Ebert D.S. , Lewis J.P. , Perlin K. , Zwicker M. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Procedural noise functions are widely used in computer graphics, from off‐line rendering in movie production to interactive video games. The ability to add complex and intricate details at low memory and authoring cost is one of its main attractions. This survey is motivated by the inherent importance of noise in graphics, the widespread use of noise in industry and the fact that many recent research developments justify the need for an up‐to‐date survey. Our goal is to provide both a valuable entry point into the field of procedural noise functions, as well as a comprehensive view of the field to the informed reader. In this report, we cover procedural noise functions in all their aspects. We outline recent advances in research on this topic, discussing and comparing recent and well‐established methods. We first formally define procedural noise functions based on stochastic processes and then classify and review existing procedural noise functions. We discuss how procedural noise functions are used for modelling and how they are applied to surfaces. We then introduce analysis tools and apply them to evaluate and compare the major approaches to noise generation. We finally identify several directions for future work.
NR2B‐NMDA receptor mediated modulation of the tyrosine phosphatase STEP regulates glutamate induced neuronal cell death
Authors: Poddar Ranjana , Deb Ishani , Mukherjee Saibal , Paul Surojit 
Published: October 2010

J. Neurochem.(2010)115,1350–1362.AbstractThe present study examines the role of a neuron‐specific tyrosine phosphatase (STEP,striatal‐enriched tyrosinephosphatase) in excitotoxic cell death. Our findings demonstrate that p38 MAPK, a stress‐activated kinase that is known to play a role in the etiology of excitotoxic cell death is a substrate of STEP. Glutamate‐mediated NMDA receptor stimulation leads to rapid but transient activation of p38 MAPK, which is primarily dependent on NR2A‐NMDA receptor activation. Conversely, activation of NR2B‐NMDA receptors leads to dephosphorylation and subsequent activation of STEP, which in turn leads to inactivation of p38 MAPK. Thus, during transient NMDA receptor stimulation, increases in STEP activity appears to limit the duration of activation of p38 MAPK and improves neuronal survival. However, if NR2B‐NMDA receptor stimulation is sustained, protective effects of STEP activation are lost, as these stimuli cause significant degradation of active STEP, leading to secondary activation of p38 MAPK. Consistent with this observation, a cell transducible TAT‐STEP peptide that constitutively binds to p38 MAPK attenuated neuronal cell death caused by sustained NMDA receptor stimulation. The findings imply that the activation and levels of STEP are dependent on the duration and magnitude of NR2B‐NMDA receptor stimulation and STEP serves as a modulator of NMDA receptor dependent neuronal injury, through its regulation of p38 MAPK.
The Male Body, Beauty and Aesthetics in Modern British Culture
Authors: Deslandes Paul R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article examines the topics of the male body, beauty and beauty culture in nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century Britain. By exploring work ranging from the study of sport and physical culture to disability and disfigurement in the First World War and queer history, this piece argues that historians should place at the centre, not marginalize, examinations of physical appearance, aesthetics and the adornment and manipulation of the body. Such an approach, it is argued, will only serve to enhance the field of masculinity studies and enrich understandings of the British past.
Model of syn‐convergent extrusion of orogenic lower crust in the core of the Variscan belt: implications for exhumation of high‐pressure rocks in large hot orogens
Authors: FRANĚK J. , SCHULMANN K. , LEXA O. , TOMEK Č. , EDEL J.‐B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractReflection seismic section, field structural analysis and gravimetric modelling of orogenic lower crust in the core of a Carboniferous orogenic root reveal details of the polyphase process of exhumation. Subvertical amphibolite facies fabrics strike parallel to former plate margins that collided in the NW. The fabrics are developed in both mid‐crustal and lower crustal high‐pressure granulite units as a result of intensive NW–SE intraroot horizontal shortening driven probably by the west‐directed collision. In granulites, the steep fabrics originated as a result of extrusion of orogenic lower crust in a ∼20 km wide vertical ascent channel from lower crustal depths at 350–340 Ma. The large granulite bodies preserve older granulite facies fabrics documenting a two‐stage evolution during the exhumation process. Surface exposures of granulites coincide with the absence of subhorizontal seismic reflectors at depth, suggesting preservation of the ∼20 km wide subvertical tabular structure reaching Moho depths. Horizontal seismic reflectors surrounding the vertical channel structure corroborate a dominant flat migmatitic fabric developed in all tectonic units. This structural pattern is interpreted in terms of subhorizontal spreading of partially molten orogenic lower crust in mid‐crustal levels (765 °C and 0.76 GPa) at 342–337 Ma. Large massifs of extruded and progressively dismembered felsic granulites disturbed mid‐crustal fabrics in the surrounding horizontally flowing partially molten crust. The horizontal mid‐crustal flow resulted in collapse of the supra‐crustal Teplá‐Barrandian Unit (interpreted as the orogenic lid) along a large‐scale crustal detachment above the extruded lower crustal dome. The presence of felsic granulites at the bottom of the orogenic root is considered to be a key factor controlling the exhumation of orogenic lower crust in large hot orogens.
Effect of host experience of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, on trap cropping effectiveness
Authors: Lee Doo‐Hyung , Nyrop Jan P. , Sanderson John P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis study evaluated whether experience of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on a poinsettia cash crop, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Koltz (Euphorbiaceae), influences the effectiveness of an eggplant trap crop, Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae). Two whitefly strains were tested: one was reared on poinsettia (poinsettia‐strain) and a second was reared on bean [Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae)] (bean‐strain). We first determined whether host experience altered the preference of adult whiteflies for eggplant and their survivorship on poinsettia. Then, we determined whether changes in the preference and/or survivorship influenced the effectiveness of the trap cropping. Adult whiteflies from both strains consistently redistributed and settled on an eggplant trap crop in significantly higher numbers compared to poinsettia. The adult survivorship of the poinsettia‐strain whiteflies was slightly higher on poinsettia than on the bean‐strain. In research greenhouse experiments, we found that the trap cropping consistently resulted in a decrease in the density of the poinsettia‐strain whiteflies on the cash crop compared to that in monoculture. However, higher adult whitefly survivorship on eggplant than on poinsettia could compromise its effectiveness as a trap crop in poinsettia. The effectiveness of trap cropping, as reflected by the whitefly density reduction on a poinsettia cash crop, was significantly smaller than the attractiveness of the trap crop, as indicated by the whitefly abundance on an eggplant trap crop.
Summary of the International Federation of Dental Hygienists house of delegates workshop
Authors: Gurenlian JR 
Published: October 2010

To cite this article:

Int J Dent Hygiene 8, 2010; 313–316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00486.x Gurenlian JR. Summary of the International Federation of Dental Hygienists house of delegates workshop.Abstract:  Objectives:  The 2007 International Federation of Dental Hygienists (IFDH) House of Delegates participated in a two day forum to discuss professional topics of interest and to provide a focus for the direction of the profession and the IFDH.Materials and Methods:  Delegates were asked to select a work group of interest based on four main topics: promoting evidence‐based dental hygiene practice, procedures, and products; disease prevention and health promotion for primary health care; promoting interprofessional collaboration; and, reframing dental hygiene education. Each work group was challenged to address key questions and create a summary statement with recommendations to the IFDH.Results:  Each work group identified numerous areas for professional growth and development and created a list of aspirations for the profession and the association to achieve.Conclusion:  The IFDH has made a commitment to the HOD to incorporate proposed recommendations and future aspirations.
Perceived sleep quality among edentulous elders
Authors: Emami E. , Lavigne G. , de Grandmont P. , Rompré P. H. , Feine J. S. 
Published: October 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00426.xPerceived sleep quality among edentulous eldersBackground:  Anatomical changes associated with edentulism are thought to disturb seniors’ sleep.Objectives:  (1) To determine sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of edentulous elders. (2) To examine the association between oral health‐related quality of life and sleep quality.Methods:  Data were collected at a 1‐year follow‐up from 173 healthy edentulous elders who had participated in a randomised controlled trial and randomly received two types of mandibular prosthesis. Subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI, range 0–21), with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to measure the level of perceived daytime sleepiness, and scores ≥10 indicated sleepiness.Results:  The mean global PSQI and ESS scores were 4.7 ± 3.5 and 5.3 ± 3.9. There were no differences in sleep quality or sleepiness between those who wore their dentures at night and those who did not. Elders with frequent denture problems were sleepier during the day than those with fewer problems (p = 0.0034). General health (p = 0.02) and oral health‐related quality of life (p = 0.001) are significant predictors of sleep quality.Conclusion:  Healthy edentulous elders, independent of nocturnal wearing of their prosthesis, are good sleepers. Maintaining high oral health quality of life could contribute to better sleep.
Sexual Behavior in the United States: Results from a National Probability Sample of Men and Women Ages 14–94
Authors: Herbenick Debby , Reece Michael , Schick Vanessa , Sanders Stephanie A. , Dodge Brian , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Introduction
Despite a demonstrated relationship between sexual behaviors and health, including clinical risks, little is known about contemporary sexual behavior.

Aims
To assess the rates of sexual behavior among adolescents and adults in the United States.

Methods
We report the recent (past month, past year) and lifetime prevalence of sexual behaviors in a nationally representative probability sample of 5,865 men and women ages 14 to 94 in the United States (2,936 men, 2,929 women).

Main Outcome Measures
Behaviors assessed included solo masturbation, partnered masturbation, giving and receiving oral sex, vaginal intercourse, and anal intercourse.

Results
Masturbation was common throughout the lifespan and more common than partnered sexual activities during adolescence and older age (70+). Although uncommon among 14- to 15-year olds, in the past year 18.3% of 16- to 17-year-old males and 22.4% of 16- to 17-year-old females performed oral sex with an other-sex partner. Also in the past year, more than half of women and men ages 18 to 49 engaged in oral sex. The proportion of adults who reported vaginal sex in the past year was highest among men ages 25–39 and for women ages 20–29, then progressively declined among older age groups. More than 20% of men ages 25–49 and women ages 20–39 reported anal sex in the past year. Same-sex sexual behaviors occurring in the past year were uncommonly reported.

Conclusions
Men and women engage in a diverse range of solo and partnered sexual behaviors throughout the life course. The rates of contemporary sexual behavior provided in this report will be valuable to those who develop, implement, and evaluate programs that seek to improve societal knowledge related to the prevalence of sexual behaviors and to sexual health clinicians whose work to improve sexual health among the population often requires such rates of behavior.
An Event-Level Analysis of the Sexual Characteristics and Composition Among Adults Ages 18 to 59: Results from a National Probability Sample in the United States
Authors: Herbenick Debby , Reece Michael , Schick Vanessa , Sanders Stephanie A. , Dodge Brian , Fortenberry J. Dennis 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIntroductionAlthough studies of specific groups of individuals (e.g., adolescents, “high risk” samples) have examined sexual repertoire, little is known, at the population level, about the sexual behaviors that comprise a given sexual encounter.AimTo assess the sexual behaviors that men and women report during their most recent sexual event; the age, partner and situational characteristics related to that event; and their association with participants’ evaluation of the sexual event.MethodsDuring March–May 2009, data from a United States probability sample related to the most recent partnered sexual event reported by 3990 adults (ages 18–59) were analyzed.Main Outcome MeasuresMeasures included sexual behaviors during the most recent partnered sexual event, event characteristics (i.e., event location, alcohol use, marijuana use, and for men, erection medication use), and evaluations of the sexual experience (pleasure, arousal, erection/lubrication difficulty, orgasm).ResultsGreat diversity exists in the behaviors that occur during a single sexual event by adults, with a total of 41 combinations of sexual behaviors represented across this sample. Orgasm was positively related to the number of behaviors that occurred and age was related to greater difficulty with erections and lubrication. Men whose most recent event was with a relationship partner indicated greater arousal, greater pleasure, fewer problems with erectile function, orgasm, and less pain during the event compared with men whose last event was with a nonrelationship partner.ConclusionFindings demonstrate that adults ages 18 to 59 engage in a diverse range of behaviors during a sexual event and that greater behavior diversity is related to ease of orgasm for both women and men. Although both men and women experience sexual difficulties related to erectile function and lubrication with age, men’s orgasm is facilitated by sex with a relationship partner whereas the likelihood of women’s orgasm is related to varied sexual behaviors.
How Neutral is Ecology?
Authors: ter Steege Hans 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTNeutral ecological theory comes in two flavors—a two‐stage model with space implicit and a spatially explicit version. Reconciliation of the two flavors has proven problematic. Panmixis, an implicit assumption of the two‐stage model, is neither realistic for nor supported by tropical forest trees. However, in spatially explicit versions, stochastic species input in local communities is still necessary to retain high species richness. A unified theory of biodiversity must include both stochasticity and relevant ecological mechanisms.
Museum Geography: Exploring Museums, Collections and Museum Practice in the UK
Authors: Geoghegan Hilary 
Published: October 2010

AbstractIn the UK alone there are more than 2500 museums of interest to international and home audiences. Despite their prevalence and a strong museological culture in the UK and beyond, the geographic study of museums is relatively under‐developed. To date there has been no systematic overview of this field either in the UK or internationally. This review article is intended as a contribution towards an emerging ‘museum geography’. Beginning with an exploration of research on museums, collections and museum practice, the author then considers the recent ‘spatial turn’ in museum studies and discusses how geographers have variously encountered museums, collections and museum practice to date. The article then reviews the potential for the future study of museums by geographers. In so doing, the author suggests that the study of museums offers some exciting opportunities for geographical research and teaching.
Sensitivity and specificity of rapid influenza testing of children in a community setting1
Authors: Stebbins Samuel , Stark James H. , Prasad Ramakrishna , Thompson William W. , Mitruka Kiren , Rinaldo Charles , Vukotich Charles J. , Cummings Derek A. T. 
Published: October 2010

Please cite this paper as: Stebbins et al. (2011) Sensitivity and specificity of rapid influenza testing of children in a community setting. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(2), 104–109.Introduction  Rapid influenza testing (RFT) allows for a rapid point‐of‐care diagnosis of influenza. The Quidel QuickVue® Influenza A+B test (QuickVue) has a reported manufacturer’s sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 96%, respectively, with nasal swabs. However, investigators have shown sensitivities ranging from 22% to 77% in community settings.Methods  The QuickVue rapid influenza test was evaluated in a population of elementary (K‐5) school children, using testing in the home, as part of the Pittsburgh Influenza Prevention Project during the 2007–2008 influenza season. The QuickVue test was performed with nasal swab in full accordance with package instructions and compared with the results of nasal swab semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR.Results  Sensitivity of the QuickVue was found to be 27% in this sample. There was no statistically valid correlation between the semi‐quantitative PCR result and the QuickVue result.Conclusions  This study is consistent with the low sensitivity of the QuickVue test also reported by others. Viral load, technique, and the use of nasal swabs were examined as contributing factors but were not found to be explanations for this result. Community testing includes patients who are on the lower spectrum of illness which would not be the case in hospital or clinic samples. This suggests that RFT is less sensitive for patients at the lower spectrum of illness, with less severe disease.
Multicellular photo‐magnetotactic bacteria
Authors: Shapiro Orr H. , Hatzenpichler Roland , Buckley Daniel H. , Zinder Stephen H. , Orphan Victoria J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryMulticellular magnetotactic bacteria (MMB) are unique microorganisms typically comprised of 10–40 bacterial cells arranged around a central acellular compartment. Their life cycle has no known unicellular stage and division occurs by separation of a single MMB aggregate into two identical offspring. In this study, South‐seeking multicellular magnetotactic bacteria (ssMMB) were enriched from a New England salt marsh. When exposed to light, ssMMB reversed their magnetotactic behaviour to become North‐seeking. The exposure time needed to generate the reversal response varied with light wavelength and intensity. Extensive exposure to light appeared to be lethal. This is the first report of a Northern hemisphere MMB displaying South‐seeking behaviour and the first time a MMB is found to exhibit photo‐magnetotaxis. We suggest that this mechanism enables ssMMB to optimize their location with regard to chemical gradients and light intensities, and propose a model to explain the peculiar balance between photo‐ and magnetotaxis.