bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of retinal functions following the induction of ocular hypertension in rats using argon laser photocoagulation
Authors: Li Rachel S , Tay David K , Chan Henry HL , So Kwok‐Fai 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Electroretinography (ERG) provides a longitudinal monitoring of pathological changes in retina. Scotopic threshold response (STR) of ERG was shown to reflect inner retinal activity and is particularly useful in the evaluation of inner retinal changes in ocular hypertension models. Recently, STR was demonstrated to be attenuated after the induction of ocular hypertension using injection of hypertonic saline into episcleral veins which indicates an impairment of retinal function. However, little is known on the changes of retinal function in an ocular hypertension model induced by laser photocoagulation at episcleral veins and limbal veins.Methods:  Ocular hypertension was induced unilaterally using laser photocoagulation at episcleral veins and limbal veins in adult Sprague–Dawley rats. Intraocular pressure was monitored and the number of retinal ganglion cell loss was counted across the 8‐week experimental period. The animals were dark adapted overnight and flash ERGs were measured before the laser treatment, 5 and 8 weeks after treatment. The changes of STR, scotopic negative response, a‐wave and b‐wave were analysed.Results:  Approximately 1.6‐fold elevation of intraocular pressure was induced in the experimental eyes and 3% retinal ganglion cell loss per week was found. The amplitude of STR was significantly attenuated which indicates an impairment of inner retinal activities. There was also a reduction of scotopic negative response, a‐wave and b‐wave after the induction of ocular hypertension.Conclusions:  The laser‐induced ocular hypertension model in the present study produced a substantial reduction of retinal functions. Understanding the characteristic of pathological changes is crucial for further study using this model.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ameliorates the blood–retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Chang Yun‐Hsiang , Chen Po‐Liang , Tai Ming‐Cheng , Chen Chiao‐Hong , Lu Da‐Wen , Chen Jiann‐Torng 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on diabetic retinopathy in a streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat model.Methods:  Sprague–Dawley albino male rats were divided into three groups. The three groups were as follow: (i) non‐diabetic control group (non‐DM control); (ii) diabetic control group (DM control); and (iii) diabetic rats receiving hyperbaric oxygen therapy (DM HBO). Rats in DM HBO group were incubated in an oxygen monoplace chamber. The HBO condition was set at 2.5 atmospheres and 100% oxygen. The duration of a single HBO treatment was 90 min. Rats in DM HBO groups received HBO three times per week for 3 months. Retinal vascular permeability was assessed by measuring fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labelled bovine albumin and retinal Evans blue leakage into the retina.Results:  We found that the retinal parenchyma showed prominent thickening but not statistically significant in rats with DM, corresponding to the retinal oedema, compared with the control and DM HBO groups. fluorescein isothiocyanate relative fluorescence intensity (Mean ± SE) in normal control animals, diabetic animals, and HBO‐treated diabetic animals was 356 ± 47, 865 ± 78, and 518 ± 49, respectively, demonstrating significant difference between the means of diabetic and HBO‐treated diabetic animals, and between means of control and diabetic animals (n = 8, P < 0.05). Retinal Evans blue leakage in control animals, diabetic animals, and HBO‐treated diabetic animals was 7.6 ± 2.9, 18.5 ± 4.2 and 10.2 ± 3.1 µL plasma/g retinal dry weight/h, respectively, demonstrating significant difference between the means of diabetic and HBO‐treated diabetic animals, and between means of control and diabetic animals (n = 8, P < 0.05).Conclusions:  HBO therapy may diminish the extent of the increased blood–retinal barrier breakdown in diabetic animals.
Retinal autoantibody profile in early age‐related macular degeneration: preliminary findings from the Blue Mountains Eye Study
Authors: Cherepanoff Svetlana , Mitchell Paul , Wang Jie Jin , Gillies Mark C 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  To compare the retinal autoantibody profile in individuals with and without early age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and to determine whether baseline autoantibodies are associated with progression to advanced AMD 5 and 10 years later.Methods:  Western immunoblotting was used to detect the presence of retinal autoantibodies in the baseline serum of 47 individuals with early AMD and 16 healthy controls from the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Autoantibody isotype, IgG subclass distribution and target antigens in the early AMD group were compared with the control group. The association between baseline autoantibodies and progression to advanced AMD 5 and 10 years later was evaluated using the chi‐square test.Results:  Retinal autoantibodies were found in a higher proportion of the early AMD group compared with controls (57%vs. 25%, χ2 = 5.028, P = 0.025). Autoantibodies targeted a range of retinal polypeptides in both AMD cases and controls. The commonest polypeptide antigens occurred between 20–35 kDa and 50–60 kDa. More than one IgG subclass was often present in participants with autoantibodies. Over a 10‐year period, 11 participants (23.4%) with early AMD progressed to advanced AMD. No association was found between baseline autoantibodies and the development of advanced AMD over 10 years (χ2 = 0.16, Fisher’s exact P = 0.59).Conclusions:  The retinal autoantibody profile in early AMD is complex, both in terms of antigenic targets and immunoglobulin isotypes. Detection of potential disease‐associated autoantibodies will require a larger sample size and full characterization of the retinal antigens involved.
Eyelid metastasis from lung carcinoma
Authors: Ahamed Riaz , Ram Raghu , Shannon Jason , Winter Richard K 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA 74‐year‐old man presented with a 4‐month history of swelling in the right upper lid. Biopsy of the lesion showed moderate to poorly differentiated invasive squamous cell carcinoma. He was recently diagnosed with squamous carcinoma of the lung with similar histology to the eyelid lesion. Eyelid metastases are a rare presentation of lung tumours.
Optical coherence tomography findings in commotio retina
Authors: Sony Parul , Venkatesh Pradeep , Gadaginamath Shailesh , Garg Sat Pal 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA 16‐year‐old boy presented with diminished visual acuity of 6/60 following blunt trauma to his right eye with a cricket ball. Fundus examination showed commotio retinae. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated increased reflectivity with small optically clear spaces in the area corresponding to the photoreceptor outer segment. At 2‐month follow up the visual acuity improved to 6/6. A small area of retinal opacification persisted nasally, and OCT of the corresponding area continued to show increased reflectivity in the area of photoreceptor outer segment. Increased reflectivity on OCT in eyes with commotio retinae probably denotes photoreceptor outer segment disruption and seems to be reversible to a variable extent.
Comparison of visual function following implantation of Acrysof Natural intraocular lenses with conventional intraocular lenses
Authors: Landers John , Tan Teng‐Han , Yuen Joshua , Liu Henry 
Published: September 2010

AbstractBackground:  Recently an intraocular lens (IOL) has been introduced which blocks blue light. As blocking blue light may be to the patient's detriment, this study was designed to evaluate visual function following implantation of a blue‐blocking (Acrysof Natural) IOL.Methods:  Patients were recruited for this non‐randomized controlled interventional study, from those attending a private rural ophthalmology clinic for cataract surgery (n = 93). Only those who had previously had a conventional IOL implanted into one eye were offered an Acrysof Natural IOL for the second eye. Postoperatively patients underwent refracted Snellen visual acuity, contrast sensitivity using a CSV‐1000E instrument and colour vision testing using a Farnsworth D‐15 test, with a subset (n = 20) undergoing a Farnsworth–Munsell 100‐Hue test. Results were then compared between eyes. Finally, a subset (n = 63) completed a survey designed to assess the subjective impact of the Acrysof Natural IOL.Results:  There were no statistically significant differences between eyes implanted with conventional IOLs compared with Acrysof Natural IOLs for visual acuity (t = 0.57; P = 0.57), contrast sensitivity (t = 0.43; P = 0.67 for 3 cycles per degree [cpd], t = 0.56; P = 0.58 for 6 cpd, t = 0.09; P = 0.93 for 12 cpd and t = 0.16; P = 0.87 for 18 cpd) or colour vision with the Farnsworth D‐15 (χ2 = 0.38; P = 0.55) or the Farnsworth–Munsell 100‐Hue test t = 0.34; P = 0.74). Most subjects reported that they could not tell a difference between the two IOLs subjectively or that any difference experienced was not significant.Conclusion:  Our sample did not show any significant differences between eyes implanted with conventional IOLs and the Acrysof Natural IOL. We would suggest that the Acrysof Natural IOL may be used without any significant difference in visual function.
Granulation tissue in the eyelid margin and conjunctiva in junctional epidermolysis bullosa with features of laryngo–onycho–cutaneous syndrome
Authors: Figueira Edwin C , Crotty Anne , Challinor Christopher J , Coroneo Minas T , Murrell Dedee F 
Published: September 2010

AbstractEye and adnexal involvement in epidermolysis bullosa can range from symptoms of mild irritation resulting from conjunctival involvement to severe cicatrization of the ocular surface and adnexa. We describe a unique case of granulation tissue in the eyelid margin and conjunctiva in a patient with junctional epidermolysis bullosa. The eyelid granulation tissue resembled granulomas that seen in laryngo–onycho–cutaneous syndrome, which is caused by a mutation in an isoform of the LAMA3 gene, LAMA3a. On investigation, our patient had a combination of a unique mutation in LAMA3 and the mutation I17N in LAMA3a, providing further evidence that laryngo–onycho–cutaneous syndrome is a variant of junctional EB.
Erythropoietin levels in aqueous humour in eyes with exudative age‐related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Jonas Jost B , Neumaier Michael 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the concentration of erythropoietin as another potent ischemia‐induced angiogenic factor is elevated in eyes with neovascular (age‐related macular degeneration [AMD]) or oedematous (diabetic retinopathy) maculopathies. The clinical comparative study included 28 patients with diabetic macular oedema, 59 patients with exudative AMD, and 49 patients with cataract. For all patients, aqueous humour was collected during cataract surgery or during an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. Erythropoietin levels were measured using a solid‐phase chemiluminescence immunoassay. The mean concentration of erythropoietin was significantly higher in the diabetic group (60.1 ± 46.7 mUnits/mL; P < 0.001) than in the age‐related macular degeneration group (22.9 ± 23.2 mUnits/mL) and in the control group (22.0 ± 21.0 mUnits/mL; P < 0.001). The two latter groups did not vary significantly (P = 0.41). The results indicate that erythropoietin may be present in considerably higher concentrations in eyes with diabetic macular oedema than in eyes with exudative AMD or normal eyes.
Immune recovery uveitis in an HIV‐negative individual†
Authors: Baker Michelle L , Allen Penelope , Shortt Jake , Lewin Sharon R , Spencer Andrew 
Published: September 2010

AbstractImmune recovery uveitis (IRU) is an intraocular inflammatory disorder originally described in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and inactive cytomegalovirus retinitis following highly active antiretroviral therapy. Although relatively common in individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the United States it is an extremely uncommon presentation in Australia. IRU also occurs in iatrogenically immunosuppressed individuals with a similar incidence to HIV‐infected individuals. We report one case of IRU in an HIV‐negative individual following a volunteer unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplant for non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the context of tapering the immunosuppression the patient developed bilateral IRU, consisting of panuveitis and macular oedema. The visual acuity (VA) at presentation of IRU was limited to counting fingers bilaterally. The IRU resolved with the re‐intensification of the immunosuppression. VA restored to right 6/18 and left 6/12.
Diagnosis and management of corneal keloid
Authors: Chawla Bhavna , Agarwal Ashutosh , Kashyap Seema , Tandon Radhika 
Published: September 2010

AbstractA 29‐year‐old man presented with a slowly growing mass in his left eye for the past 6 months. He had undergone a lens aspiration for traumatic cataract with an anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation several years ago. On examination, a pearly white mass was seen on the cornea. Ultrasound biomicroscopy revealed a hyperdense mass well demarcated from the underlying corneal tissue. The mass was excised by superficial keratectomy and the bare stroma covered with amniotic membrane. Histopathological examination of the excised mass revealed findings consistent with the diagnosis of a corneal keloid. At follow up after 6 months, no recurrence was observed.
Oral sodium fluorescein to improve visualization of clear vitreous during vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Yao Yi , Wang Zhi‐Jun , Wei Shi‐Hui , Huang Yi‐Fei , Zhang Mao‐Nian 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered sodium fluorescein to stain the clear vitreous before vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Methods:  Twenty‐two consecutive eyes of 20 patients with PDR and five eyes of five patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were included. The average patient age was 52 years (range 46–58). Closed pars plana vitrectomy, proliferative membrane peeling and endolaser photocoagulation were performed. Vitreous and blood samples were collected to measure sodium fluorescein concentrations by high pressure liquefied chromatography.Results:  The degree of staining of the clear vitreous was evaluated by colour photographs, videos and the concentration of sodium fluorescein in the vitreous and blood samples. The clear vitreous in all 22 eyes with PDR ranged from slightly to markedly green, but the clear vitreous in five eyes with PVR was not stained with sodium fluorescein. The sodium fluorescein concentration in the vitreous samples ranged from 122 to 282.0 ng/mL and from 64 to 74 ng/mL in the blood samples in patients with diabetes and PVR. No urticaria, nausea or other side‐effects developed.Conclusion:  The clear vitreous can be stained markedly green by sodium fluorescein administered 12–16 h before surgery. Surgeons can easily differentiate residual clear vitreous. The stained vitreous may be made more visible by photocoagulation. This method is also helpful in teaching surgical procedures, and fewer side‐effects compared with intravenous and intravitreal fluorescein and intravitreal triamcinolone.
Management of congenital elevation deficiency due to congenital third nerve palsy and monocular elevation deficiency
Authors: Rose Loreto VT , Elder James E 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPurpose:  To document the presentation and management of congenital III nerve palsy and monocular elevation deficiency to single ophthalmologist over a 14‐year period. Surgical management was reviewed and visual outcome was analysed.Methods:  A retrospective study was conducted of all patients presenting during a period between 1992 and 2006 to the private practice of a paediatric ophthalmologist, with either congenital III or monocular elevation deficiency. For patients requiring surgical intervention pre‐ and post‐surgical data were documented and analysed.Results:  A total of 19 congenital III and 13 monocular elevation deficiency patients were identified. There were eight surgical patients in each congenital III nerve palsy group and in the monocular elevation deficiency group. The congenital III group had a preoperative mean exotropia for near of −36 prism dioptres (PD) compared with postoperative mean exotropia for near −16 PD. Preoperative mean hypotropia for near of −19 PD was improved to postoperative mean hypotropia of −5 PD. The monocular elevation deficiency group had preoperative mean esotropia for near of +6 PD compared with postoperative mean exotropia for near −5 PD. Preoperative mean hypotropia for near of −15 PD was improved to postoperative mean hypotropia of −7 PD. At last follow up both groups had a majority of mild or no amblyopia noted.Conclusion:  Superficially, congenital III and monocular elevation deficiency may appear similar, both frequently having ptosis and hypotropia as features. Careful clinical assessment of the horizontal alignment and the result of forced duction testing will usually allow them to be distinguished. Congenital III more frequently requires surgery for exotropia as well as surgery for hypotropia and monocular elevation deficiency more often requires surgery just for hypotropia. The ptosis surgery is similar for either diagnosis in this study. Significant cosmetic improvement, as well as excellent visual acuity outcomes can be achieved.
Assessment of the spontaneous pulsations of the central retinal vein in daily ophthalmic practice
Authors: Legler Ulrich , Jonas Jost B 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of eyes with a spontaneous pulsation of the central retinal vein in the setting of a busy daily ophthalmic practice. The clinical observational case‐series study included 690 eyes (345 subjects). The optic disc was ophthalmoscopically assessed using a non‐contact ophthalmoscopic lens at the slit lamp. Out of the study population, 526 eyes (76.2%) of 265 (76.8%) subjects showed a detected spontaneous pulsation of the central retinal vein (prevalence rate: 76.2 ± 1.6% [mean ± standard error] per eye, and 76.8 ± 2.3% per subject). In univariate analysis, the presence of a detected spontaneous central retinal vein pulsations was statistically associated with systolic systemic blood pressure (P = 0.04) and with the ocular perfusion pressure (P = 0.03). The results suggest that as examined in the setting of a busy daily ophthalmic practice, the central retinal vein was found to show a spontaneous pulsation in about 80% of the subjects.
Primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma presenting as recurrent eyelid swelling
Authors: Pandya Vivek B , Conway R Max , Taylor Simon F 
Published: September 2010

AbstractPrimary cutaneous lymphoma represents a distinct clinical entity within the spectrum of haematological malignancy. A case of primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma is reported, presenting in an 87‐year‐old female with a 2‐year history of intermittent swelling and discolouration of the right upper and lower eyelids, in the absence of systemic symptoms. Histopathological examination of an incision biopsy revealed a lymphoid infiltrate in the dermis with immunophenotypic features of B cell lymphoma. Staging investigations confirmed the absence of systemic disease. Treatment with oral chemotherapy was undertaken with a good response. Ophthalmologists should include primary cutaneous lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of recurrent eyelid swelling.
Endothelial keratoplasty – a review
Authors: Price Marianne O , Price Jr Francis W 
Published: September 2010

AbstractFrom its inception over a century ago, penetrating keratoplasty grew to become the most common and most successful form of solid tissue transplantation. Yet clinicians have long recognized the limitations of full‐thickness corneal transplants, including prolonged visual rehabilitation, unpredictable refractive changes, susceptibility to ocular surface complications and vulnerability to traumatic wound rupture. Selective replacement of diseased or damaged posterior corneal layers was conceptualized and implemented a half century ago. However, it has only been within the past decade that improved techniques and instrumentation have allowed endothelial keratoplasty (EK) to become the preferred treatment for patients with endothelial dysfunction. EK provides more rapid visual recovery, minimizes induced astigmatism and, most importantly, better maintains globe integrity than penetrating keratoplasty. Descemet stripping automated EK is currently the most widely used method. This article covers how EK techniques have evolved over time, considers who is or is not an appropriate candidate for EK, describes Descemet stripping automated EK methods and instrumentation, discusses EK postoperative complications and management and compares visual recovery, refractive outcomes and endothelial cell loss with that of standard penetrating keratoplasty.
Contemporary limbal stem cell transplantation – a review
Authors: Dua Harminder S , Miri Ammar , Said Dalia G 
Published: September 2010

AbstractConjunctivalization of the cornea is the hallmark of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). This is often associated with persistent corneal epithelial defects and a fibrovascular pannus. LSCD can be unilateral or bilateral and partial or total. In partial LSCD involving the visual axis sequential sector conjunctival epitheliectomy (SSCE) is a useful option. In total LSCD, transplantation of limbal tissue or of ex vivo expanded sheets is the mainstay. In unilateral cases autolimbal transplant is the procedure of choice. In bilateral cases living (related) and cadaver donors are considered. The former has the advantage of being fresh and can be human leucocyte antigen matched. Procedures for harvesting limbal tissue from living donors are identical. Different strategies are required for harvesting tissue from cadaver whole globes or sclero‐corneal rims. Recipient eye preparation requires removal of the fibrovascular tissue. Donor explants are generally sutured directly on the denuded recipient surface without the preparation of a ‘bed’ to fit the explant. It is imperative that inflammation is meticulously controlled before limbal transplantation especially if tissue from living donors is used. Limbal transplantation, with the exception of a corneal graft, should be the last surgical intervention planned. Meticulous postoperative care and treatment with antibiotics, steroids, artificial tears and autologous serum are required. With allografts long‐term immunosuppression is necessary. Limbal transplantation is contraindicated in the presence of severe dry eye. Despite its complexities limbal transplantation does significantly improve vision related quality of life. Autografts give the best results and living related donor grafts are next best. Majority of cadaver grafts fail in 5 years.
The Problem of the Co‐operative Attitude to Nationalisation before the Congress of the International Co‐operative Alliance (Prague, September, 1948)
Authors: Peddlie James M. 
Published: September 2010

In this Paper the attitude of the Co‐operative Movement towards the development of State activity in the form of Nationalisation is discussed. The recent developments in Britain afford an opportunity for the detailed consideration of Co‐operative reactions to the growth of Ndionalisation. Reference is made to the historical, economic, and political circumstances that largely influence the individual point of view and approach to the question in various countries.