bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toll‐like receptor 4 participates in the myelin disruptions associated with chronic alcohol abuse
Authors: Alfonso‐Loeches Silvia , Pascual Maria , Gómez‐Pinedo Ulises , Pascual‐Lucas Maya , Renau‐Piqueras Jaime , Guerri Consuelo 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAlcohol abuse and alcoholism can cause brain damage, loss of white matter, myelin fiber disruption, and even neuronal injury. The underlying mechanisms of these alterations remain elusive. We have shown that chronic ethanol intake, by activating glial toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) receptors, triggers the production of inflammatory mediators and can cause brain damage. Because neuroinflammation may be associated with demyelination and neuronal damage, we evaluate whether the ethanol‐induced TLR4‐dependent proinflammatory environment in the brain could be involved in the myelin disruptions observed in alcoholics. Using brains from wild‐type (WT) and TLR4 knockout (KO, TLR4−/−) mice, we demonstrate that chronic ethanol treatment downregulated proteins involved in myelination [proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin basic protein (MBP), myelin‐oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, 2,3‐cyclic‐nucleotide‐3‐phosphodiesterase, and myelin‐associated glycoprotein], while increased chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan NG2 (NG2)‐proteoglycan in several brain regions of ethanol‐treated WT mice. The immunohistochemistry analysis also revealed that ethanol‐treatment‐altered myelin morphology reduced the number of MBP‐positive fibers and caused oligodendrocyte death, as demonstrated by an increase in caspase‐3‐positive oligodendrocytes. The in vivo imaging system further confirmed that chronic ethanol intake markedly reduced the PLP in WT mice. Most myelin alterations were not observed in brains from ethanol‐treated TLR4−/− mice. Electron microscopy studies revealed that although 41–47% of axons showed myelin sheath disarrangements in the cerebral cortex and corpus callosum of WT ethanol‐treated mice, respectively, small focal fiber disruptions were noticed in these brain areas of ethanol‐treated TLR4−/− mice. In summary, the present results suggest that ethanol‐induced neuroinflammation might be involved in myelin disruptions and white matter loss observed in human alcoholics. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recovered alcoholics and career development: Implications for human resource development
Authors: Gedro Julie , Mercer Frances , Iodice Jody D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis article presents three issues regarding alcoholism, recovery, and career development. First, alcoholism is a disease that creates health and wellness problems for those it afflicts. It also impacts individual and workplace productivity. Second, alcoholism has a persistent stigmatization. As a result, those alcoholics who are in recovery face challenging choices around self‐disclosure. Disclosure of one's identity as a recovering alcoholic could be perceived as risky, since it could be seen as a negative. Third, because of such risk, and because of the paucity of research within the field of human resource development around alcoholism and recovery, there is a gap in the literature regarding these issues.
Mentoring and organizational citizenship behavior: Estimating the mediating effects of organization‐based self‐esteem and affective commitment
Authors: Ghosh Rajashi , Reio Thomas G. , Haynes Ray K. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThis study explored how perceptions of reciprocal support in mentoring influence mentors' and protégés' intent to extend work‐related help to coworkers in organizations. Our findings shed light on the role that organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE) and affective organizational commitment (AOC) play as mediators in transmitting the effect of perceived reciprocal support in mentoring to mentors' and protégés' intent to engage in organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). A central premise of this study was that positive feelings of reciprocal learning and growth for mentors and protégés produce interdependence and inclinations towards organizational citizenship. Mentors (n = 82) and protégés (n = 160) from three U.S.‐based corporations were surveyed. Results of mediation analyses employing multiple mediation model testing shows statistical and practical significance for protégés' AOC and OBSE as mediators. The lack of support for any mediators for the mentors indicates that the process underlying the link between mentoring and OCB may differ for mentors and protégés. We discuss the implications of these findings for organizational mentoring and human resource development and offer suggestions for future research.
Experimental study comparing a traditional approach to performance appraisal training to a whole‐brain training method at C.B. Fleet Laboratories
Authors: Selden Sally , Sherrier Tom , Wooters Robert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a new approach to performance appraisal training. Motivated by split‐brain theory and existing studies of cognitive information processing and performance appraisals, this exploratory study examined the effects of a whole‐brain approach to training managers for implementing performance appraisals. Managers at C.B. Fleet (n = 33) were randomly assigned into either the control or the experimental group. Fifty‐three employees participated in the study, with 27 employees reporting to a manager in the control group and 26 reporting to a manager in the experimental group. Managers in the control group received the company's traditional annual performance appraisal training that focused on training them to discern performance by specific dimensions, which is consistent with left‐brain activity. Managers in the experimental group received both the traditional training and training to stimulate the right brain hemisphere. The experimental training guided managers through a series of exercises to encourage them to access global impressions (person schema) of their subordinates. The effect of the experimental training was determined by surveying employees before and after the performance appraisal review cycle. The findings show that a whole‐brain approach to performance appraisal training results in positive returns from the perspective of the employees. Employees receiving performance appraisals from managers who participated in the experimental training group perceive the performance appraisal feedback and process as more useful.
Selecting the best IDF model by using the multifractal approach
Authors: García‐Marín A. P. , Ayuso‐Muñoz J. L. , Jiménez‐Hornero F. J. , Estévez J. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn this work, the multifractal properties of hourly rainfall data recorded at a location in Southern Spain have been related to the scale properties of the corresponding intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves. Four parametric models for the IDF curves have been fitted to the quantiles of rainfall obtained using the generalized Pareto frequency distribution function with the extreme data series obtained for the same place.The scaling of the rainfall intensity moments has been analysed, and the empirical moments scaling exponent function has been obtained. The corresponding values ofq1andγ1have been empirical and theoretically calculated and compared with some characteristics of the different IDF models. Thus, the scaling behaviour of IDF curves has been analysed, and the best model has been selected. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Denosumab treatment for fibrous dysplasia
Authors: Boyce Alison M , Chong William H , Yao Jack , Gafni Rachel I , Kelly Marilyn H , Chamberlain Christine E , Bassim Carol , Cherman Natasha , Ellsworth Michelle , Kasa-Vubu Josephine Z , Farley Frances A , Molinolo Alfredo A , Bhattacharyya Nisan , Collins Michael T 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a skeletal disease caused by somatic activating mutations of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-regulating protein, α-subunit of the Gs stimulatory protein (Gsα). These mutations lead to replacement of normal bone by proliferative osteogenic precursors, resulting in deformity, fracture, and pain. Medical treatment has been ineffective in altering the disease course. Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a cell-surface protein involved in many cellular processes, including osteoclastogenesis, and is reported to be overexpressed in FD-like bone cells. Denosumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody to RANKL approved for treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of skeletal-related events from bone metastases. We present the case of a 9-year-old boy with severe FD who was treated with denosumab for a rapidly expanding femoral lesion. Immunohistochemical staining on a pretreatment bone biopsy specimen revealed marked RANKL expression. He was started on monthly denosumab, with an initial starting dose of 1 mg/kg and planned 0.25 mg/kg dose escalations every 3 months. Over 7 months of treatment he showed marked reduction in pain, bone turnover markers (BTMs), and tumor growth rate. Denosumab did not appear to impair healing of a femoral fracture that occurred while on treatment. With initiation of treatment he developed hypophosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism, necessitating supplementation with phosphorus, calcium, and calcitriol. BTMs showed rapid and sustained suppression. With discontinuation there was rapid and dramatic rebound of BTMs with cross-linked C-telopeptide (reflecting osteoclast activity) exceeding pretreatment levels, accompanied by severe hypercalcemia. In this child, denosumab lead to dramatic reduction of FD expansion and FD-related bone pain. Denosumab was associated with clinically significant disturbances of mineral metabolism both while on treatment and after discontinuation. Denosumab treatment of FD warrants further study to confirm efficacy and determine potential morbidity, as well as to determine the mechanism of RANKL in the pathogenesis of FD and related bone marrow stromal cell diseases. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
miR-182 is a negative regulator of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and skeletogenesis through targeting FoxO1
Authors: Kim Kyoung Min , Park Su Jin , Jung Seung-Hyun , Kim Eun Jin , Jogeswar Gadi , Ajita Jami , Rhee Yumie , Kim Cheol-Hee , Lim Sung-Kil 
Published: March 2012

Abstract
Uncontrolled oxidative stress impairs bone formation and induces age-related bone loss in humans. The FoxO family is widely accepted to play an important role in protecting diverse cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation of FoxO1, the main FoxO in bone, stimulates proliferation and differentiation as well as inhibits apoptosis of osteoblast lineage cells. Despite the important role of FoxO1, little is known about how FoxO1 expression in bone is regulated. Meanwhile, several recent studies reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) could play a role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by targeting various transcriptional factors. Here, we identified one additional crucial miRNA, miR-182, which regulates osteoblastogenesis by repressing FoxO1 and thereby negatively affecting osteogenesis. Overexpression of miR-182 in osteoblast lineage cells increased cell apoptosis and inhibited osteoblast differentiation, whereas in vivo overexpression of miR-182 in zebrafish impaired bone formation. From in silico analysis and validation experiments, FoxO1 was identified as the target of miR-182, and restoration of FoxO1 expression in miR-182–overexpressing osteoblasts rescued them from the inhibitory effects of miR-182. These results indicate that miR-182 functions as a FoxO1 inhibitor to antagonize osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, with a subsequent negative effect on osteogenesis. To treat bone aging, an antisense approach targeting miR-182 could be of therapeutic value. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
On Balanced Optimal Optical Orthogonal Codes
Authors: Zhao Hengming 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVariable‐weight optical orthogonal codes (OOCs) were introduced by G.‐C. Yang for multimedia optical CDMA systems with multiple quality of service (QoS) requirement. In this paper, by using incomplete difference matrices and perfect relative difference families, a balanced ‐OOC is obtained for every positive integer .
Further Results on Large Sets of Resolvable Idempotent Latin Squares
Authors: Zhou Junling , Chang Yanxun 
Published: March 2012

AbstractAn idempotent Latin square of order v is called resolvable and denoted by RILS(v) if the off‐diagonal cells can be resolved into disjoint transversals. A large set of resolvable idempotent Latin squares of order v, briefly LRILS(v), is a collection of RILS(v)s pairwise agreeing on only the main diagonal. In this paper, it is established that there exists an LRILS(v) for any positive integer , except for , and except possibly for .
Use ofDesulfovibrioandEscherichia coliPd‐nanocatalysts in reduction of Cr(VI) and hydrogenolytic dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls and used transformer oil
Authors: Macaskie Lynne E. , Humphries Andrea C. , Mikheenko Iryna P. , Baxter‐Plant Victoria S. , Deplanche Kevin , Redwood Mark D. , Bennett James A. , Wood Joe 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Desulfovibriospp. biofabricate metallic nanoparticles (e.g. ‘Bio‐Pd’) which catalyse the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and dehalogenate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).Desulfovibriospp. are anaerobic and produce H2S, a potent catalyst poison, whereasEscherichia colican be pre‐grown aerobically to high density, has well defined molecular tools, and also makes catalytically‐active ‘Bio‐Pd’. The first aim was to compare ‘Bio‐Pd’ catalysts made byDesulfovibriospp. andE. coliusing suspended and immobilized catalysts. The second aim was to evaluate the potential for Bio‐Pd‐mediated dehalogenation of PCBs in used transformer oils, which preclude recovery and re‐use.RESULTS:Catalysis via Bio‐PdD.desulfuricansand Bio‐PdE.coliwas compared at a mass loading of Pd:biomass of 1:3 via reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution (immobilized catalyst) and hydrogenolytic release of Cl−from PCBs and used transformer oil (catalyst suspensions). In both cases Bio‐PdD.desulfuricansoutperformed Bio‐PdE.coliby ∼3.5‐fold, attributable to a ∼3.5‐fold difference in their Pd‐nanoparticle surface areas determined by magnetic measurements (Bio‐PdD.desulfuricans) and by chemisorption analysis (Bio‐PdE.coli). Small Pd particles were confirmed onD. desulfuricansand fewer, larger ones onE. colivia electron microscopy. Bio‐PdD.desulfuricans‐mediated chloride release from used transformer oil (5.6 ± 0.8 µg mL−1) was comparable with that observed using several PCB reference materials.CONCLUSIONS:At a loading of 1:3 Pd:biomass Bio‐PdD.desulfuricansis 3.5‐fold more active than Bio‐PdE.coli, attributable to the relative catalyst surface areas reflected in the smaller nanoparticle sizes of the former. This study also shows the potential of Bio‐PdD.desulfuricansto remediate used transformer oil. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Biological conversion of CO2 to CH4 using hydrogenotrophic methanogen in a fixed bed reactor
Authors: Lee Jun Chul , Kim Jae Hyung , Chang Won Seok , Pak Daewon 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Biological conversion of CO2 to useful carbonic compounds such as methane is a potentially attractive technology for reducing its concentration in the atmosphere. One of the advantages of this technology over chemical conversion is that it requires much lower energy for reduction of CO2. In this article, biological conversion of CO2 to CH4 using hydrogenotrophic methanogens was examined in a fixed bed reactor inoculated with anaerobic mixed culture from the anaerobic digestor of a sewage treatment plant.RESULTS: Methane formation commenced on the first day of operation of the fixed bed reactor. CO2 fed to the reactor was reduced with H2 by hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The feed ratio of CO2 to H2 is an important factor in determining the conversion rate of CO2. When the feed ratio is 4, methane is produced at the expected rate according to the chemical equation. The CO2 conversion rate was 100% when the gas retention time was 3.8 h in the fixed bed reactor.CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the fixed bed reactor employing hydrogentrophic methanogens has the potential to be effective in converting CO2 to CH4 with a conversion rate of 100% at 3.8 h retention time. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Caveolin‐1 and mitochondrial alterations in regenerating rat liver
Authors: Mastrodonato Maria , Portincasa Piero , Mentino Donatella , Rossi Roberta , Resta Leonardo , Ferri Domenico , Liquori Giuseppa Esterina 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe liver has a remarkable ability to regenerate after partial hepatectomy (PH), although the factors governing such ability are still poorly understood. During the prereplicative phase of the regeneration, ultrastructural alterations of periportal hepatocytes were seen, including mitochondrial swelling, abnormal accumulation of lipids, and myelin figures which could lead to the formation of lipid droplets. As it has been hypothesized that caveolin‐1 is involved in lipidogenesis and in mitochondrial homeostasis, we aimed to study the subcellular distribution of caveolin‐1 in hepatocytes at an early stage following PH. Liver samples were processed for light and electron microscopy at 0 h, 24 h, and 96 h after PH. The expression and subcellular distribution of caveolin‐1 was assessed by immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. Following PH, at 24 h, membranes of altered mitochondria of periportal hepatocytes exhibited significant decrease of caveolin‐1 expression compared with control. Myelin figures showing high expression of caveolin‐1 were also seen. At 96 h, hepatocytes became ultrastructurally similar to the control liver, and the expression of caveolin‐1 on mitochondria showed a moderate increase compared with 24 h after PH. Decrease of expression of caveolin‐1 in the altered liver mitochondrial membranes at 24 h following PH, and the high expression of caveolin‐1 observed on myelin figures, suggests involvement of caveolin‐1 is in both mitochondrial homeostasis and lipidogenesis. Addressing the role played by caveolin‐1 during liver regeneration might disclose additional features of mitochondrial homeostasis and lipidogenesis during frequent metabolic liver diseases. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1026–1032, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Saturation numbers for families of graph subdivisions
Authors: Ferrara Michael , Jacobson Michael , Milans Kevin G. , Tennenhouse Craig , Wenger Paul S. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFor a family of graphs, a graph G is ‐saturated if G contains no member of as a subgraph, but for any edge in , contains some member of as a subgraph. The minimum number of edges in an ‐saturated graph of order n is denoted . A subdivision of a graph H, or an H‐subdivision, is a graph G obtained from H by replacing the edges of H with internally disjoint paths of arbitrary length. We let denote the family of H‐subdivisions, including H itself. In this paper, we study when H is one of or , obtaining several exact results and bounds. In particular, we determine exactly for and show for n sufficiently large that there exists a constant such that . For we show that will suffice, and that this can be improved slightly depending on the value of . We also give an upper bound on for all t and show that . This provides an interesting contrast to a 1937 result of Wagner (Math Ann, 114 (1937), 570–590), who showed that edge‐maximal graphs without a K5‐minor have at least edges.
Strict perpendicular orientation of neural crest‐derived neurons in vitro is dependent on an extracellular gradient of voltage
Authors: Pan Linjie , Borgens Richard Ben 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe report extraordinary perpendicular orientations of neurons dependent on the presence of an external direct current (DC) voltage gradient. We chose chick dorsal root and postganglionic sympathetic neurons to evaluate. These were cultured in observation chambers in which the cells were separated from electrode products or substrate effects and maintained at 35°C. Both types of neurons showed a rapid restructuring of their anatomy. Typically, neurites that were not perpendicular to the voltage gradient were quickly resorbed into the cell body within a few minutes. Over 3–6 hr, significant new neurite growth occurred and was patterned perpendicular to the DC electrical field (Ef). This preferred asymmetry was dependent on the Ef, as was the initial retrograde degeneration of fibers. At 400–500 mV/mm, over 90% of the cells in culture assumed this orientation. Removal of the DC Ef led to a loss of the preferred orientation, with further random growth within the chambers. This is the first report of such responses in dorsal root ganglion neurons. We also used sympathetic neurons as a meaningful comparison to analyze whether there were any qualitative or quantitative differences between these two cell types of neural crest origin. We discuss the means by which these orientations were achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A2 noradrenergic nerve cell metabolic transducer and nutrient transporter adaptation to hypoglycemia: Impact of estrogen
Authors: Koshy Cherian Ajeesh , Briski Karen P. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCNS neurons exhibit sustained activation by recurring hypoglycemia in the presence of estrogen. We investigated the impact of estradiol on fuel uptake and detection of energy imbalance by hindbrain A2 metabolosensory neurons during acute vs. chronic hypoglycemia. A2 neurons were laser dissected from estradiol benzoate (EB)‐ and oil (O)‐implanted ovariectomized rats after single or serial injection of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin for single‐cell qPCR or high‐sensitivity Western blotting. Acute NPH increased A2 GLUT3 mRNA but not protein in EB, but decreased both profiles in O rats. Single insulin dosing did not alter monocarboxylate transporter‐2 (MCT2) mRNAs in EB or O, but increased MCT2 protein in EB. Preceding hypoglycemia augmented baseline transporter mRNA and protein in O, but decreased GLUT4 and increased MCT2 proteins in EB. Chronic NPH increased A2 MCT2 and GLUT3 proteins in EB, but elevated GLUT4 protein in O. A2 phospho‐AMPK (pAMPK) protein was progressively diminished by acute and chronic hypoglycemia in EB, but elevated in O after serial NPH. Dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase (DβH) transcripts were decreased in EB during acute and chronic hypoglycemia, but unaltered by serial NPH dosing in O. These results suggest that estrogen enhances A2 lactate utilization during acute hypoglycemia, thereby lessening AMPK activation relative to euglycemic controls. Cellular adaptation to chronic hypoglycemia may involve estrogen‐dependent augmentation of lactate and GLUT3‐mediated glucose uptake and hormone‐independent increases in GLUT4 expression, coincident with diminished pAMPK‐mediated signaling of energy deficiency. The data also imply that increased lactate and glucose uptake during recurring hypoglycemia may be required for sustained DβH transcriptional reactivity to this metabolic stress. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.