bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic kidney cancer receiving haemodialysis: a retrospective Italian survey
Authors: Masini Cristina , Sabbatini Roberto , Porta Camillo , Procopio Giuseppe , Di Lorenzo Giuseppe , Onofri Azzurra , Buti Sebastiano , Iacovelli Roberto , Invernizzi Roberta , Moscetti Luca , Aste Maria Giuseppina , Pagano Maria , Grosso Federica , Lucia Manenti Anna , Ortega Cinzia , Cosmai Laura , Del Giovane Cinzia , Conte Pier Franco 
Published: February 2012

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Sunitinib and sorafenib are orally administered multikinase inhibitors approved for the treatment of advanced RCC. The limited pharmacokinetics data on sunitinib and sorafenib suggest that haemodialysis does not significantly alter plasma concentrations.In this retrospective study we define the safety and efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) and end‐stage renal disease requiring haemodialysis. Even though the retrospective nature of this survey and the relatively small sample size represent major limitations, these data indicate that treatment with sunitinib and sorafenib in this cohort of patients is feasible with no unexpected toxicity and good efficacy, results similar to those in the general population of patients with mRCC.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the safety and efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and end‐stage renal disease requiring haemodialysis (HD).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between July 2006 and December 2010, 24 patients undergoing HD were treated with sunitinib and/or sorafenib for mRCC in 14 Italian institutions.
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of these patients to evaluate the administered doses of TKIs, treatment‐related toxicities and the clinical response to therapy.
RESULTS
Sunitinib was administered at 50 mg daily for 4–6 weeks in six patients, 37.5 mg daily for 4–6 weeks in seven patients (one patient subsequently increased the dose to 50 mg daily), 25 mg daily for 4–6 weeks in two patients and 12.5 mg daily for 4–6 weeks in one patient. Among the eight patients treated with sorafenib, four patients received 800 mg daily (400 mg every 12 h), three patients 400 mg daily and one patient 200 mg daily with a continuous schedule.
The estimated median progression‐free and overall survival periods of this cohort of patients were 10.3 months and 22.6 months, respectively.
With regard to tolerability and safety, no unexpected adverse events were registered and no grade 4 haematological or non‐haematological toxicities were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Sunitinib and sorafenib treatment is not contraindicated in patients with mRCC undergoing HD.
The outcome of this patient population is similar to that observed in patients with normal renal function treated with TKIs.
These results merit further confirmation by a larger prospective trial.
How Europe Shapes Academic Research: insights from participation in European Union Framework Programmes
Authors: Primeri Emilia , Reale Emanuela 
Published: February 2012

This article describes the effects of participating in European Union Framework Programmes (EUFPs) at the level of research units and researchers. We consider EUFPs as policy instruments that contribute to the Europeanisation of academic research and study the changes they produce with respect to: 1) the organisation and activities of Departments, 2) the type of knowledge produced, and 3) the ways of doing research. The analysis is based on a case study of the Sapienza University in Rome. We also discuss the extent to which EUFPs produce different effects at the level of scientific fields.This pilot study analyses changes driven by EUFPs from an institutional perspective and uses the concept of institutionalisation to explain how these changes are translated into rules and practices by research units and researchers. Our preliminary investigation supports the idea that EUFPs do not trigger a process of Europeanisation and lead, within academic institutions, to highly diversified institutional responses by scientific fields rather than to undifferentiated ones. They strengthen leading research groups and Departments, already competitive at the EU level, by enhancing existing international behaviours and practices. However, they do not support and, at times, even decrease competition opportunities for less experienced participants and they do not promote the participation of new groups. Moreover, the absence of relevant organisational changes at the University level and the lack of incentives for EUFP participation seem to strengthen these trends. What emerges is the need for decisions at the University level, taking into account differences across scientific groups.
Research and Teaching Revisited: a pre‐Humboldtian or post‐Humboldtian phenomenon? The cases of France and the UK
Authors: Chiang Kuang‐Hsu 
Published: February 2012

The evidence about the relationship between research and teaching at the level of doctoral education is far from conclusive. The focus of this study is to examine how teaching and research are related at doctoral level, especially when students' voices are heard, in two contrasting higher education systems — France and the UK.Models from Schimank and Winnes, and Clark were used to analyse the contrasting research and teaching configurations at institutional level in France and the UK. France has a Pre‐Humboltian system of research and teaching, whilst the UK has a Post‐Humboltian one.Two empirical studies were then drawn on: to measure teaching, a questionnaire composed of two major dimensions of research training experiences, supervision and research environment, was distributed to full‐time doctoral students in Economics & Management and Chemistry in France and was compared to a survey carried out earlier in Education and Chemistry in the UK. To measure research, the result of the CNRS (National Centre of Scientific Research) research classification in France was used. In the UK, the corresponding measurement, RAE score (Research Assessment Exercise) was adopted.Strikingly similar findings were found in the two countries. First, there is little relationship between the departmental research performance and the quality of doctoral education as experienced by PhD students in either country. Next, this lack of significant relationship is found across all three disciplines. Thirdly, more consistent results were observed in France than in the UK. There is in‐depth discussion with regard to these findings.
Over‐Education in Multilingual Economies: Evidence from Catalonia
Authors: Blázquez Maite , Rendón Silvio 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCatalonia’s economy is characterized by linguistic diversity and provides a unique opportunity to measure the incidence of language proficiency on over‐education, that is, whether individuals with deficient language skills, as non‐natives, tend to accept jobs for which they have excessive formal skills. Descriptive evidence suggests the contrary, that individuals with better language knowledge are more likely to be over‐educated. However, estimating a model that controls for individuals’ socio‐demographic characteristics reveals the opposite: better language knowledge decreases over‐education. This effect, although robust to accounting for endogeneity of language knowledge and significant at the individual level, is mostly non‐significant on average.
Contextualizing Vocabularies of Motive in International Migration: The Case of Taiwanese in the United States
Authors: Gu Chien‐Juh 
Published: February 2012

AbstractImmigrants’ motives are central to understanding immigration, yet they remain an under‐researched subject in immigration studies. To fill this gap, this article examines Taiwanese immigrants’ motives for relocating to the United States. Following Mills’ concept of vocabularies of motive, this article treats immigration as situated actions and explores how cumulative causation and structural positions shape immigrants’ interpretations of their immigration decisions. Based on 75 in‐depth interviews, this study discovers important differences in motive during two migration phases, initial migration and permanent settlement, as well as differences according to gender, ethnicity, and social class. Migration through education comprises the major pattern of Taiwanese immigration, as most Taiwanese move to the United States to study and then settle there for job opportunities. While men settle for careers, women stay for family wellbeing. One ethnic group, benshengren, tends to settle for job opportunities, while the other, waishengren, migrates to unite their families. Moreover, professionals always consider return as an option, while labourers are determined to stay permanently. Findings of the study suggest the importance of examining the influences of immigration contexts and individual structural positions in shaping personal motives.
The need for future alternatives: an investigation of the experiences and future of older parents caring for offspring with learning disabilities over a prolonged period of time
Authors: Cairns Deborah , Tolson Debbie , Brown Jayne , Darbyshire Chris 
Published: February 2012

Accessible Summary

This article reports on interviews with eight older parent carers who cared for their children with learning disabilities.
The aim of this study was to understand parent carers’ experiences of caregiving and their views on the future.
The findings revealed the following:
Parents lacked support
Parents did not receive enough information and practical resources
Some parents continued caring despite poor mental and/or physical health
All parents were concerned about their child's future
Most parents said that they were unable to think about their future and their needs

SummaryThis article reports on the results of a qualitative study (in‐depth interviews) carried out in the United Kingdom as part of a larger (two‐phased) study investigating the experiences, health and future perspectives of older parent carers (six mothers and two fathers) of offspring with learning disabilities over a prolonged period of time. The objectives of this article are twofold: (i) to present a conceptual framework, grounded in the experiences of older parent carers who participated in this research and; (ii) to come to a more in‐depth understanding of older parent carers’ experiences of caregiving, and views on their own future. A detailed analysis of the data revealed important issues with regard to prolonged caregiving. Overall, older parent carers felt that they lacked support, information and practical resources throughout their caregiving career. Some parents continued in their caregiving role despite their deteriorating mental and/or physical health as there appeared to be no alternative, and most parent carers expressed that they were unable to think ahead to their own future and needs owing to the absence of suitable care alternatives. The findings suggest that there is an urgent need to review how individuals with learning disabilities and parent carers are supported throughout their lifespan.
Study of the three‐dimensional orientation of the labrum: its relations with the osseous acetabular rim
Authors: Bonneau Noémie , Bouhallier July , Baylac Michel , Tardieu Christine , Gagey Olivier 
Published: February 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the three‐dimensional orientation of the coxo‐femoral joint remains a challenge as an accurate three‐dimensional orientation ensure an efficient bipedal gait and posture. The quantification of the orientation of the acetabulum can be performed using the three‐dimensional axis perpendicular to the plane that passes along the edge of the acetabular rim. However, the acetabular rim is not regular as an important indentation in the anterior rim was observed. An innovative cadaver study of the labrum was developed to shed light on the proper quantification of the three‐dimensional orientation of the acetabulum. Dissections on 17 non‐embalmed corpses were performed. Our results suggest that the acetabular rim is better represented by an anterior plane and a posterior plane rather than a single plane along the entire rim as it is currently assumed. The development of the socket from the Y‐shaped cartilage was suggested to explain the different orientations in these anterior and posterior planes. The labrum forms a plane that takes an orientation in between the anterior and posterior parts of the acetabular rim, filling up inequalities of the bony rim. The vectors VL, VA2 and VP, representing the three‐dimensional orientation of the labrum, the anterior rim and the posterior rim, are situated in a unique plane that appears biomechanically dependent. The three‐dimensional orientation of the acetabulum is a fundamental parameter to understand the hip joint mechanism. Important applications for hip surgery and rehabilitation, as well as for physical anthropology, were discussed.
Advances in the use of botulinum neurotoxins in facial esthetics
Authors: Flynn Timothy Corcoran 
Published: February 2012

SummaryAim  To present the latest findings and future developments in the cosmetic use of botulinum neurotoxin.Methods  Review of recent literature and new scientific developments.Results  Botulinum neurotoxin type A preparations onabotulinumtoxinA (BOTOX® Cosmetic/Vistabel®, Allergan Inc.) and abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®/Azzalure®/Reloxin®, Ipsen Pharma,) have been used for many years and are effective and well tolerated for facial esthetic procedures. However, advances are continually made in the esthetics field. New formulations that may exhibit reduced antigenicity are becoming available, such as incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®/Xeomeen®/Bocouture®; formerly known as NT 201, Merz Pharma), which is a botulinum neurotoxin type A free from complexing proteins. In addition, lower facial procedures using botulinum toxin combined with fillers are becoming increasingly popular. Injection techniques and patterns are also evolving, with the aim of creating a more natural result and avoiding a “frozen” appearance. Moreover, the diversity of individuals requesting esthetic procedures is increasing, with growing interest from men and patients with a variety of skin types and colors.Conclusions  The uses of botulinum toxins for facial esthetics procedures continue to expand, with new techniques and formulations. The availability of products such as incobotulinumtoxinA may reduce the risk of neutralizing antibody development while maintaining the good efficacy and safety of existing formulations.
Effect of cosmetic ingredients as anticellulite agents: synergistic action of actives with in vitro and in vivo efficacy
Authors: Al‐Bader Tamara , Byrne Adam , Gillbro Johanna , Mitarotonda Andrea , Metois Adeline , Vial Francis , Rawlings Anthony V. , Laloeuf Aurelie 
Published: February 2012

SummaryBackground  The pathophysiology of cellulite involves changes in the subcutaneous adipose layer and the extracellular matrix (ECM) that supports it together with overlying dermal layer. Cellular mechanisms governing cellulite are not fully understood. However, it is accepted that changes include enhanced lipogenesis, decreased lipolysis, and increased lipid storage within the adipocytes as well as changes in the dermal architecture.Aim  In our studies the ability of cosmetic agents Furcellaria lumbricalis, Fucus vesiculosus, retinoid, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and a glaucine mixture to stimulate in vitro1) lipolysis in human adipocytes and 2) production of pro‐collagen I by fibroblasts was investigated in vitro. The ability of these ingredients to improve cellulite condition in vivo was also determined.Patients/Methods  Mature adipocytes and 'aged' fibroblasts were used for in vitro studies. The assessment of cellulite in vivo was performed by dermatological grading and ultrasound measurements.Results  Mature adipocytes treated with combined actives resulted in a significant synergistic increase in free glycerol release. On “aged” fibroblasts, combined treatment of F. vesiculosus and F. lumbricalis stimulated pro‐collagen I production. CLA increased pro‐collagen I production, but the glaucine mixture had no effect. The clinical study demonstrated a significant improvement in cellulite grading by a dermatologist after 8 and 12 weeks vs. vehicle, and ultrasound imaging showed a significant decrease in fat thickness compared with placebo after 12 weeks.Conclusions  Our studies revealed a potent cocktail of ingredients that when combined together can act in vitro to markedly improve lipolysis mechanisms and by way of stimulating pro‐collagen I can also have an effect on the surrounding extracellular matrix. The in vitro actions of the ingredients were translated in vivo, where a clinical improvement of cellulite condition was observed.
Carotenoids and polyphenols in nutricosmetics, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals
Authors: Anunciato Talita Pizza , da Rocha Filho Pedro Alves 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe market for cosmeceuticals continues with significant annual growth, but today consumers are more aware of nutritional products that contribute to both skin health and disease prevention. In the last 10 years, pharmacists, chemists, nutritionists, and physicians have been working together to develop new nutritional applications to satisfy people’s needs and demands. As a recent result of convergence phenomenon between cosmetics and food industries, nutricosmetics is a blurry area unfamiliar to many consumers and sometimes even to foods and cosmetics experts. Characterized by oral supplementation of nutrients, nutricosmetics are also known as “beauty pills,”“beauty from within,” and even “oral cosmetics.” The major claim is the antiaging effect, reducing wrinkles by fighting free radicals generated by solar radiation. Among the ingredients used in nutricosmetics, antioxidants represent the most crucial. The best‐known antioxidants are carotenoids (beta‐carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin) and polyphenols (anthocyanidins, catechins, flavonoids, tannins, and procyanidins). This study presents an overview about the concept of nutricosmetics and gives us information about the difference between nutricosmetics, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. The article also discusses about carotenoids and polyphenols, two classes of ingredients often employed in such products.
In the shadow of the wrinkle: experimental models
Authors: Humbert Philippe , Viennet Céline , Legagneux Kévin , Grandmottet François , Robin Sophie , Muret Patrice 
Published: February 2012

SummaryResearch on aging has run for decades, and knowledge on the biologic process of skin chronological and photoaging is still increasing thanks to read across results generated between human, animal, and in vitro studies. However, wrinkles should not be considered to result only from the aging process. There are few reports on specific wrinkle histological features compared to the surrounding skin, and there is thus a need in really wrinkling skin animal and in vitro models. UV‐irradiated Hr mouse is a good model because it develops wrinkles. Nevertheless, as mouse skin is somehow different from human skin, the innovative model of wrinkling human skin xenograft on SCID mice seems to be really promising. Concerning in vitro and ex vivo models, although there have been considerable advances in reconstructing realistic aged skins, there is still a lack of in vitro wrinkling skin model, and unfortunately, this gap will probably be difficult to fill.
Baseline sebum IL‐1α is higher than expected in afro‐textured hair: a risk factor for hair loss?*
Authors: Beach Renée A , Wilkinson Katalin A , Gumedze Freedom , Khumalo Nonhlanhla P 
Published: February 2012

SummaryObjective  To investigate changes in sebum cytokines in response to hair cosmetics.Design and setting  A prospective study at a University hospital.Methods  We used a novel method for scalp surface sebum collection (Sebutape®) on three visits, sequentially a week apart, to investigate changes in six cytokines in 36 healthy women before and after shampoo and compared various chemical treatments (ammonium thioglycolate, “lye” sodium hydroxide and “no‐lye” guanidine hydroxide relaxers) performed by a professional hairdresser.Results  Significant levels detected were IL‐1 alpha (IL‐1α) and IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1ra), which were higher in untreated scalp vs. forehead: P < 0.001. Baseline levels of scalp sebum IL‐1α were 18 times higher than IL‐1ra. The levels of IL‐1α decreased uniformly after shampoo (visit 1) and various chemical treatments (both crown and vertex all P < 0.001 – visit 2) but increased on follow‐up at visit 3. Decreases in IL‐1ra mimicked IL‐1α at the vertex [after shampoo (P = 0.018) and visit 3 (P = 0.014)], but not on the crown, a finding which may suggest site‐specific scalp predisposition to inflammation. The ratio of IL‐1ra/IL‐1α increased in all groups after all chemical treatments and on follow‐up (all P < 0.001) but was surprisingly not significantly different from natural hair that underwent shampoo.Limitations  A wider cytokine panel may reveal response differences in treatment groups.Conclusions  Baseline inflammatory scalp cytokines are higher than expected and reduce with shampooing. Scrutiny of the influence of hair moisturizer formulations and shampoo intervals and studies investigating pro‐fibrotic cytokines are required. This may elucidate the predilection of afro‐textured hair to scarring alopecia.
Assessment of platelet function
Authors: Jandrey Karl E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo review the current in vivo and in vitro tests of platelet function (PF) currently available and applicable to companion animals.Data SourcesScientific reviews, case reports, original clinical and laboratory research publications, and recent veterinary research conference proceedings.Human Data SynthesisDisorders of primary hemostasis are very common in human medicine. These include inborn errors of PF and granule storage contents, primary disease mechanisms that alter PF, disorders secondary to surgical interventions, and the effects of anticoagulant medications. Knowledge of PF disorders and the optimal method for assessment must be known to understand the mechanism and to monitor the process or drug therapy.Veterinary Data SynthesisInterest in the study and treatment of primary coagulopathies in clinical veterinary patients has resulted in a surge of recent publications and scientific research presentations. A translational approach that uses laboratory and point‐of‐care tools to uncover the pathophysiologic mechanisms in the patient with defects in primary hemostasis allows the clinician to plan the diagnosis and treatment more effectively.SummaryPrimary hemostatic disorders are being more commonly recognized in clinical veterinary practice. The diagnosis of platelet dysfunction may be obtained via point‐of‐care analyzers that use relatively small blood samples and have a quick turnaround time. Recent investigations may lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of PF disorders and potentially the optimization, or discovery, of novel treatments.ConclusionsThe assessment of PF can be completed through in vivo and in vitro point‐of‐care techniques as well as by submission of blood samples to more specialized platelet biology laboratories. The information obtained including the physical examination and clinical manifestations of a hemostatic disorder, as well as the benefits of each testing modality, must be known prior to the diagnostic investigation of a patient with a coagulopathy.