bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory viruses in children admitted to hospital intensive care units: Evaluating the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array
Authors: Frobert Emilie , Escuret V. , Javouhey E. , Casalegno J.S , Bouscambert‐Duchamp M. , Moulinier C. , Gillet Y. , Lina B. , Floret D. , Morfin F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractViruses play a significant part in children's respiratory infections, sometimes leading to hospitalization in cases of severe respiratory distress. The aim of this study was to investigate respiratory infections in children treated in a hospital intensive care unit (ICU). Assays were performed using the CLART® Pneumovir DNA array assay (Genomica, Coslada, Madrid, Spain), which makes it possible to detect 11 genus of respiratory viruses simultaneously. During the winter of 2008–2009, 73 respiratory specimens collected from 53 children under 2 years of age and admitted to an ICU were tested. At least one virus was detected in 78% (57/73) of the samples. The virological diagnosis was based on single infections in 65% (37/57) and on multiple infections in 35% (20/57) of cases. The array assay revealed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 73.6% (42/57) of the samples and rhinovirus in 24.6% (14/57), either on their own or in co‐infections. All viruses identified in single and multiple infections were tested, taking into account clinical features, risk factors, and severity criteria. Children with no risk factors presented more multiple infections, up to 42% of cases, than children with at least one risk factor. RSV seemed to induce severe symptoms by itself as no difference in intubation needs was observed when RSV was detected on its own or in co‐infection. The CLART® Pneumovir DNA array was useful for examining severe viral respiratory infections, when other viruses than those detected by conventional methods could be involved, particularly in an ICU. J. Med. Virol. 83:150–155, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis among patients with hepatitis B virus infection in northern Portugal with reference to the viral genotypes
Authors: Mota Ana , Areias Jorge , Cardoso Margarida Fonseca 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe prevalence of infection with hepatitis B virus in Portugal is around 1% of the population; 20–30% of those infected typically develop cirrhosis. The study focuses on the epidemiological profile of patients with hepatitis B infection and liver damage, in particular, cirrhosis. Of the 358 individuals that comprised the study, a liver biopsy was performed in 249 to identify the presence of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis was observed in 59 patients (23.7%) The Child–Pugh classification was used to assess the prognosis of cirrhosis: 3 out of the 59 patients were classified as Child–Pugh grade C, the most severe, 17 (28.8%) as grade B, and 39 (66.2%) as grade A. Patients classified as grade B were older, drank more, and showed higher levels of AST and alkaline phosphatase when compared with individuals classified as grade A. Genotypes A and D were predominant, and no significant differences with respect to genotype distribution were observed. Analysis of the hematological parameters showed that patients classified as Child's grade B had lower levels of platelets and higher levels of prothrombin time than those classified as Child's grade A. The profile of the patients with cirrhosis, including an extended number of individual characteristics, provides useful information, however, only a prospective study could evaluate definitively if liver disease is influenced by these factors. Future studies would benefit from the analysis of the impact of genotypes on liver disease, particularly genotypes A and D, the most predominant genotypes in northern Portugal. J. Med. Virol. 83:71–77, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus genotype in women with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and cervical cancer: Will a quadrivalent vaccine be necessary in Thailand?
Authors: Sukasem Chonlaphat , Pairoj Wantanich , Saekang Nipa , Pombubpha Hiranyaratsami , Srichunrasami Chutatip , Pongtippan Atcharaporn , Junyangdikul Pairoj , Chantratita Wasun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the distribution of human papilomavirus (HPV) genotypes among a group of patients with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse cytology. Consequently, the genotype‐specific HPV infection in a group of HSIL and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) samples was described. Specimens were collected prospectively from 132 women referred for colposcopic examination. All the women underwent Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and colposcopies and some also underwent cervical excision procedure biopsy. The HPV genotype was determined using the INNO‐LiPA assay. Among the 132 genotyped samples, 90.91% (120/132) were diagnosed HSIL, whereas 9.09% (12/132) were ICC. From the overall prevalence of HPV in the patients, 77.27% (102/132) and 22.72% (30/132) of cases had single and multiple genotype infections, respectively. The most common cases with statistical significance were high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) infections in 128 samples (96.97%), whereas, four individuals (3.03%) barely were low‐risk HPV (LR‐HPV) infected, P < 0.0001, χ2. The most prevalent genotypes were frequently HPV‐16 (65/167; 38.92%, followed by HPV‐58 (25/167; 14.97%), HPV‐18 (18/167; 10.78%), HPV‐33 (13/167; 7.19%), and HPV‐68 (11/167; 6.59%). In addition, HPV‐11 (2/132; 1.51%) and HPV‐6 (1/132; 0.76%) also were observed in this study, which confirmed the high distribution of HR‐HPV among women with HSIL and ICC. HPV‐58; a unique high‐risk HPV, is prevalent in a group of HSIL and ICC cases. These data also contribute evidence that HPV‐16, ‐18, ‐58, ‐33, and ‐68 genotypes are high‐risk and high distribution among women with HSIL and ICC. Therefore, HPV‐58, HPV‐33, and HPV‐68 should be considered for development of the next vaccine generation in Thailand. J. Med. Virol. 83:119–126, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcriptional analysis of immune‐related genes in dendritic cells from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive transgenic mice and regulation of Fc gamma receptor IIB by HBsAg‐anti‐HBs complex
Authors: Yao Xin , Wang Xuan‐yi , Zhao Chao , Sun Shu‐hui , Meng Zhe‐feng , Zhang Ji‐ming , Xu Jian‐qing , Xie You‐hua , Yuan Zheng‐hong , Wen Yu‐mei 
Published: November 2010

AbstractTo study the gene expression profiles in dendritic cells (DCs) from a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive host, transcriptional analysis of bone marrow ‐derived DCs from a lineage of HBsAg transgenic mice (#59) was compared to DCs from normal mice. Among the immune‐related genes, 12 were up‐regulated, and 14 were down‐regulated in transgenic mice relative to those of normal mice. The up‐regulated genes include genes encoding immunoglobulin, histocompatibility 2 (K region), and several complement component genes, while the down‐regulated genes include the TAP1 (transporters associated with antigen processing gene‐1), interferon induced gene (Ifi203), chemokine (C‐X‐C) ligands and leukocyte‐immunoglobulin‐like genes, Lck‐interacting transmembrane adaptor genes and histocompatibility 2 (Q region and T region). Since an immunogenic complex containing HBsAg‐anti‐HBs has been used as a therapeutic vaccine for clinical trial in chronic hepatitis B patients, DCs from #59 were incubated with immunogenic complex compared to those incubated with HBsAg alone. The immune‐related six genes up‐regulated with immunogenic complex treatment were Fcgr2b, Cxcl2, Fth1, Clec4n, Lilrb4, and Dbh, with Fcgr2b (Fc gamma receptor IIB) being the highest up‐regulated gene. Interestingly, levels of Fcgr2b were found up‐regulated in patients with chronic hepatitis B undergoing immunogenic complex immunization, which returned to baseline when immunization was discontinued. In conclusion, by transcriptional analysis, immunogenic complex induced up‐regulation of Fcgr2b expression both in dendritic cells from an HBsAg transgenic mouse model and peripheral B cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B, which indicates that Fcgr2b is one of the key molecules up‐regulated by immunogenic complex. J. Med. Virol. 83:78–87, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistence and clearance of HPV from the penis of men infected and non‐infected with HIV
Authors: Silva R.J.C. , Casseb J. , Andreoli M.A. , Villa L.L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDue to high rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the incidence of intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer, most studies concerning HPV in men seropositive for HIV have focused on the anal canal. Few studies have targeted the penile region in HIV‐infected men. A total of 72 men seropositive for HIV and 72 men seronegative for HIV were followed‐up for 6 months, and their penile exfoliated cells were tested for HPV DNA. There were no significant differences between the HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative men in persistence (respectively, 69.5% vs. 66.9%), clearance (respectively, 15.3% vs. 23.1%), and those men never infected with HPV during the four follow‐up visits (15.2% for HIV‐positive vs. 20%for HIV‐negative). High‐risk HPV types were detected more frequently in penile smears from men infected with HIV, while, in HIV‐seronegative men, the low‐risk HPV types were more abundant (P = 0.001). Multiple infections with both high‐ and low‐risk HPV types were significantly more frequent in HIV‐seropositive compared to those who were HIV‐seronegative (P = 0.0004). The attendance rates at follow‐up visits were 86%, 78%, and 58% in months 1, 2, and 6, respectively, for men infected with HIV and 93%, 72%, and 60% for the HIV‐negative group. It is concluded that HIV infection can be considered a risk factor for clearance and persistence of HPV. Multiple infections with different types of HPV including high‐risk HPVs are frequent in men who are infected with HIV. J. Med. Virol. 83:127–131, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of analytes in medical herbs extracts by SPE coupled with two‐dimensional planar chromatography in combination with diode array scanning densitometry and HPLC‐diode array detector
Authors: Tuzimski Tomasz 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to demonstrate an application of 2‐D high‐performance planar chromatography‐diode array detector (DAD) and HPLC‐DAD after solid‐phase extraction (SPE) for identification and quantitative analysis of pesticides (isoproturon, aziprotryne, hexazinone, flufenoxuron, methabenzthiazuron, procymidone, and α‐cypermethrin) in Melissa officinalis L. (Labiatae) samples. The procedure described for the determination of compounds is inexpensive and can be applied to routine analysis of analytes in medical herbs' samples after preliminary cleanup and concentration by SPE. Average recoveries on C18 SPE cartridges of pesticides eluted with 5 mL tetrahydrofuran by the proposed HPLC‐DAD method, before and after 2‐D‐high‐performance planar chromatography separation of analytes from M. officinalis L. samples spiked with pesticide at a concentration level of 10 μg/g in plant material are presented. Method validation parameters for the quantification of pesticides by the proposed HPLC‐DAD after SPE method are also presented.
The increasing incidence of small thyroid cancers: Where are the cases coming from?
Authors: Davies Louise , Ouellette Michelle , Hunter Mark , Welch H. Gilbert 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To identify the trigger events that lead to the detection of otherwise asymptomatic thyroid cancers.Study Design:Retrospective cohort.Methods:Chart abstraction of patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Iterative development of a classification algorithm to categorize trigger events.Results:A total of 279 thyroidectomies were performed, which resulted in 95 new diagnoses of thyroid cancer. Just less than half of identified cancers (44 cancers, 46%) were in the 127 thyroidectomies performed after identification of a thyroid abnormality by either screening or chance. A screening trigger event occurs when a physician performs a routine thyroid examination when there is no specific neck complaint. A chance trigger event can occur either by serendipity (a radiologic test done for a different reason) or by diagnostic cascade (identification of a thyroid abnormality on any test that does not plausibly explain the patient's presenting complaint). Physician screening examination was the trigger event for 49 thyroidectomies (18%). Serendipity was the trigger event for 41 thyroidectomies (15%). Diagnostic cascade was the trigger event for 33 thyroidectomies (12%). Only 75 thyroidectomies (27%) were performed because of symptoms directly referable to a neck mass, such as a patient complaint of feeling something in the neck. Forty percent received a cancer diagnosis (30 of 75 cases).Conclusions:Screening and chance identification were the trigger events for just less than half of both the cancers diagnosed and the thyroidectomies performed. These extra cancer diagnoses and surgeries are a significant burden for patients. These data will help direct future efforts to curb treatment of clinically unimportant thyroid nodules. Laryngoscope, 120:2446–2451, 2010
Frequency tuning of bone‐conducted tone burst‐evoked myogenic potentials recorded from extraocular muscles (BOVEMP) in normal human subjects
Authors: Donnellan Kimberly , Wei Wei , Jeffcoat Ben , Mustain William , Xu Youguo , Eby Thomas , PhD Wu Zhou, 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives:In this study, we characterized the frequency tuning of bone‐conducted sound‐evoked myogenic potentials recorded from extraocular muscles (BOVEMP) in normal human subjects.Study Design:Experimental design.Methods:In a sample of nine subjects, acoustic tone bursts (57 dB nHL, 8 ms plateau, 1 ms rise/fall, alternating polarity) with frequencies from 250 Hz to 2,000 Hz were delivered by a bone oscillator (Radioear B‐71) placed on the left mastoid processes. Subjects were required to sit upright and maintain a straight gaze. The BOVEMPs were recorded from surface electrodes placed at four locations around the right eye (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal) and referenced to an electrode placed at the nape of the neck over cervical vertebrate C7. Signals from electrodes were amplified (10,000 gain) and sampled at 10 kHz and were averaged over 500 repetitions.Results:Short latency biphasic potential were present at each of the four recording sites around the eye. The average latency of the first peak (negative) and the second peak (positive) was 15.7 ± 0.3 ms and 23.3 ± 0.5ms, respectively. The tuning curve of the BOVEMP was similar at each recording site with largest N1 amplitude following stimulation at 383 Hz (±17 Hz) and largest P1 amplitude following stimulation at 440 Hz (±22 Hz).Conclusions:Since the frequency tuning for the bone‐conducted sound‐evoked OVEMP (BOVEMP) was different from that of the air‐conducted sound‐evoked OVEMP (AOVEMP), we hypothesize that the BOVEMP and AOVEMP are generated by activation of different vestibular end organs. Laryngoscope, 120:2555–2560, 2010
Sleep magnetic resonance imaging as a new diagnostic method in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Moon Il Joon , Han Doo Hee , Kim Jeong‐Whun , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Sung Myung‐Whun , Park Jong‐Wan , Kim Dong Sung , Lee Chul Hee 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Although precise localization of obstruction sites in the upper airway during sleep is essential in subjects with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), no gold standard diagnostic method has been established. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic collapse inside the upper airway by using cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), also called sleep MRI.Study Design:Cross‐sectional study with retrospective data.Methods:The changes in the transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the retrolingual airway were studied during a respiratory cycle in 35 snoring subjects. The collapsibility of the airway was calculated by using axial images, and the actual obstruction sites were also identified by using sagittal images.Results:Airway collapse occurred in the retropalatal area in 13 (37.1%) of 35 subjects and in both the retropalatal and retrolingual regions in 20 subjects (57.1%). The respiratory disturbance index (RDI) and supine RDI were higher and the minimal oxygen saturation during sleep (MinSaO2) value was lower in subjects with both retropalatal and retrolingual obstruction than in those with only retropalatal obstruction. Airway collapse analyzed by using axial images was classified into four subgroups: patent group (five of 35, 14.2%), anteroposterior collapse group (one of 35, 2.9%), transverse collapse group (14 of 35, 40%) and circumferential collapse group (15 of 35, 42.9%). Supine RDI, MinSaO2, and age were significantly different between these four groups. In addition, anteroposterior, transverse, and circumferential collapses correlated well with MinSaO2. Significant correlation was also found between RDI/supine RDI and transverse collapse.Conclusions:Sleep MRI is a valuable method for evaluating dynamic obstruction during sleep and may be helpful in selecting the appropriate treatment approaches. Laryngoscope, 120:2546–2554, 2010
Determination of the Catalytic Sites for Ziegler‐Natta Homo‐Polymerization from GPC Data
Authors: Maddipati Sridhar V. , Delgass W. Nicholas , Caruthers James M. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDeconvolution of the MWD of a polymer produced by multi‐site catalysts into independent Flory modes is the first step in modeling the polymerization process. A new deconvolution procedure for GPC data is developed that does not require an a priori assumption concerning the nature of the discrete distribution and can be used with a continuous distribution. The MWD measured via GPC is a linear function of the individual catalytic sites, but it is numerically ill‐conditioned, preventing direct inversion of the GPC data. Tikhonov regularization has been developed to uniquely invert the MWD. Applying the regularizing method to a polyethylene produced via a Ziegler‐Natta catalyst, seven discrete sites were found, and the kinetic constant ratios were determined for each of these sites.
magnified image
Time‐resolved absolute velocity quantification with projections
Authors: Langham Michael C. , Jain Varsha , Magland Jeremy F. , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractQuantitative information on time‐resolved blood velocity along the femoral/popliteal artery can provide clinical information on peripheral arterial disease and complement MR angiography as not all stenoses are hemodynamically significant. The key disadvantages of the most widely used approach to time‐resolve pulsatile blood flow by cardiac‐gated velocity‐encoded gradient‐echo imaging are gating errors and long acquisition time. Here, we demonstrate a rapid nontriggered method that quantifies absolute velocity on the basis of phase difference between successive velocity‐encoded projections after selectively removing the background static tissue signal via a reference image. The tissue signal from the reference image's center k‐space line is isolated by masking out the vessels in the image domain. The performance of the technique, in terms of reproducibility and agreement with results obtained with conventional phase contrast‐MRI was evaluated at 3 T field strength with a variable‐flow rate phantom and in vivo of the triphasic velocity waveforms at several segments along the femoral and popliteal arteries. Additionally, time‐resolved flow velocity was quantified in five healthy subjects and compared against gated phase contrast‐MRI results. To illustrate clinical feasibility, the proposed method was shown to be able to identify hemodynamic abnormalities and impaired reactivity in a diseased femoral artery. For both phantom and in vivo studies, velocity measurements were within 1.5 cm/s, and the coefficient of variation was less than 5% in an in vivo reproducibility study. In five healthy subjects, the average differences in mean peak velocities and their temporal locations were within 1 cm/s and 10 ms compared to gated phase contrast‐MRI. In conclusion, the proposed method provides temporally resolved arterial velocity with a temporal resolution of 20 ms with minimal post processing. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Discovering Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease, or Getting to Haphazard
Authors: Kieburtz Karl 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDespite significant research efforts, a therapy to slow or halt the progression of Parkinson's disease (“neuroprotection”) remains elusive. The discovery of such a therapy will likely require important observations from a number of perspectives: basic science investigation, clinical research, and careful observation in medical practice. Any possible insights will require confirmation in rigorous clinical trial testing. Combining the useful insights from all perspectives may be the most promising approach to discovering a neuroprotective therapy. Mt Sinai J Med 77:700–706, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Targeted Inhibition of Kinases in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Baker Stacey J. , Reddy E. Premkumar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWith an understanding of the molecular changes that accompany cell transformation, cancer drug discovery has undergone a dramatic change in the past few years. Whereas most of the emphasis in the past has been placed on developing drugs that induce cell death based on mechanisms that do not discriminate between normal and tumor cells, recent strategies have emphasized targeting specific mechanisms that have gone awry in tumor cells. However, the identification of cancer‐associated mutations in oncogenes and their amplification in tumors has suggested that inhibitors against such proteins might represent attractive substrates for targeted therapy. In the clinic, the success of imatinib (Gleevec®, STI571) and trastuzumab (Herceptin®), both firsts of their kind, spurred further development of new, second‐generation drugs that target kinases in cancer. This review highlights a few important examples each of these types of therapies, along with some newer agents that are in various stages of development. Second‐generation kinase inhibitors aimed at overriding emerging resistance to these therapies are also discussed.Mt Sinai J Med 77:573–586, 2010©2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Malignant Gliomas: New Translational Therapies
Authors: Sul Joohee , Fine Howard A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMalignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults and carry a dismal prognosis. Despite aggressive therapy with maximal safe surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy, these tumors invariably are refractory to or become resistant to treatment and recur. Gliomas are highly infiltrative cancers and display remarkable genetic heterogeneity making them challenging to treat. Recent progress has been made in understanding the molecular and genetic composition of these tumors and from this, promising new targets for therapy have emerged. In particular, anti‐angiogenesis therapies have led to modest success in disease control. In addition, the growing body of research in cancer immunology as well as cancer stem cells has made inroads in our understanding of tumorgenesis. Translational research has been particularly crucial to the development of these therapies as much preclinical and clinical work is needed to develop the rationale for treatments, to develop biomarkers of drug activity and to elucidate mechanisms of resistance. This brief overview will discuss some of the pivotal advances made in the pursuit of improved outcomes and survival for patients with this devastating disease. Mt Sinai J Med 74:655–666, 2010. © 2010 Mount Sinai School of Medicine