bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic simulations of cool stellar atmospheres with MANCHA
Authors: García A. Perdomo , Vitas N. , Khomenko E. , Collados M. 
Published: June 2024

Context. Three-dimensional time-dependent simulations of stellar atmospheres are essential to study the surface of stars other than the Sun. These simulations require the opacity binning method to reduce the computational cost of solving the radiative transfer equation down to viable limits. The method depends on a series of free parameters, among which the location and number of bins are key to set the accuracy of the resulting opacity.
Aims. Our aim is to test how different binning strategies previously studied in one-dimensional models perform in three-dimensional radiative hydrodynamic simulations of stellar atmospheres.
Methods. Realistic box-in-a-star simulations of the near-surface convection and photosphere of three spectral types (G2V, K0V, and M2V) were run with the MANCHA code with grey opacity. After reaching the stationary state, one snapshot of each of the three stellar simulations was used to compute the radiative energy exchange rate with grey opacity, opacity binned in four τ-bins, and opacity binned in 18 {τ, λ}-bins. These rates were compared with the ones computed with opacity distribution functions. Then, stellar simulations were run with grey, four-bin, and 18-bin opacities to see the impact of the opacity setup on the mean stratification of the temperature and its gradient after time evolution.
Results. The simulations of main sequence cool stars with the MANCHA code are consistent with those in the literature. For the three stars, the radiative energy exchange rates computed with 18 bins are remarkably close to the ones computed with the opacity distribution functions. The rates computed with four bins are similar to the rates computed with 18 bins, and present a significant improvement with respect to the rates computed with the Rosseland opacity, especially above the stellar surface. The Rosseland mean can reproduce the proper rates in sub-surface layers, but produces large errors for the atmospheric layers of the G2V and K0V stars. In the case of the M2V star, the Rosseland mean fails even in sub-surface layers, owing to the importance of the contribution from molecular lines in the opacity, underestimated by the harmonic mean. Similar conclusions are reached studying the mean stratification of the temperature and its gradient after time evolution.
Does Vascular Dementia Exist? Report of Two Cases Previously Diagnosed with Vascular Dementia Treated by Means of Ventriculoatrial Shunts
Authors: Garachetla Hari K. , Takagi Kiyoshi , Takagi Ryosuke , Kato Yoko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. While new therapeutic modalities have been available for Alzheimer's disease, there is currently no effective treatment for VaD. We encountered two cases with VaD who recovered their cognitive function to normal levels after ventriculoatrial shunt (VA shunt). Both cases complained cognitive impairment shortly after cerebral infarctions. Their brain images showed ventricular dilatation without the findings of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, which is regarded as characteristic for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Both cases were initially diagnosed as VaD by board neurosurgeons. However, since they showed positive response to lumbar tap test, VA shunts were performed. Both cases recovered their cognitive function to normal level. Their excellent cognitive outcomes after VA shunts indicate that many iNPH patients with lacunar infarcts may possibly be misdiagnosed as VaD.
A Case of Cerebral Infarction due to Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Accompanied by Persistent Primitive Trigeminal Artery
Authors: Abe Hiroyuki , Mori Kentaro , Fukui Issei , Tamase Akira , Yamashita Ryotaro , Takeda Mutsuki , Nakano Tatsu , Nomura Motohiro , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn 85-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus became aware of motor weakness of the left lower extremity. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple small cerebral infarctions in the right corona radiata. Angiography revealed persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) originating from the right internal carotid artery (ICA) and connecting to basilar artery, and the right ICA occluded distal to PPTA. Collateral blood circulation had developed, and sufficient collateral blood flow was expected. From these findings, the right ICA was considered to show stenosis due to atherosclerotic changes before occlusion. Conservative treatment was conducted with the transoral administration of rivaroxaban. It is important to correctly diagnose the anatomy and existence of an anomalous vessel in a stroke patient, not only when endovascular treatment is planned, but also for conservative medical treatment. Rapid and accurate radiological examinations facilitate safe and effective treatment.
Cavernous Sinus Meningioma of the Oculomotor Nerve in a Child: A Surgical Case Study
Authors: Maruyama Gakuji , Sameshima Tetsuro , Tsuchida Takashi , Kurozumi Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPediatric cavernous sinus meningiomas are rare. Herein, we present the case of a 5-year-old boy who presented with progressive left oculomotor nerve palsy. A head magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass lesion in the left cavernous sinus, following which tumor resection was performed. The tumor strongly adhered to the left oculomotor nerve without adherence to the walls of the cavernous sinus; however, its border with the nerve was unclear. Histopathological analysis led to the diagnosis of fibrous meningioma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case study to report the pediatric development of a cavernous sinus meningioma in the oculomotor nerve.
Estimation of mean electron energy in helium surface ionization waves on dielectric substrates
Authors: Morsell Joshua , Dechant Corey , Gall Grayson , Trosan Duncan , Lietz Amanda M , Stapelmann Katharina , Shannon Steven 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The determination of basic plasma parameters in atmospheric pressure discharges is critical to advancing their use in applications. Atmospheric pressure plasma jets have found use in the fields of medicine, agriculture, material modification and others. Atmospheric pressure plasma jets often generate plasma surface ionization waves (SIW) which interact with and propagate over surfaces. Electrical diagnostics are challenging in SIW due to high collision frequencies and small scale of the plasma discharge. This work employs a passive optical emission line ratio technique to estimate the mean electron energy in SIW over planar dielectric substrates. The method uses an intensity ratio of two helium triplet lines: He(

3

3

S

) at 706.5 nm and He(

3

3

D

) at 587.56 nm. A collisional-radiative model is used to correlate line ratio to mean electron energy and determine dependencies on electron density and He/air gas mixture. Mean electron energies ranging from 3–8 eV are determined in He/air mixtures and are found to remain constant as the surface wave propagates radially. This work provides a 2D, time-resolved, mean electron energy diagnostic for surface ionization wave propagation and validation of numerical modeling in atmospheric pressure systems with spatially varying He/air gas mixtures. The model in question is designed for use with any He line ratio in the n = 3 excitation level.
Conformal zinc sulfide coating of vertically aligned ZnO nanorods by two-step hydrothermal synthesis on wide bandgap seed layers for lead-free perovskite solar cells
Authors: Farhad Syed Farid Uddin , Tanvir Nazmul Islam , Bitu Md Nur Amin , Hossain Elius , Mamun Md Al , Quddus Md Saiful , Alam Md Shaha , Moniruzzaman Mohammad , Nandigana Pardhasaradhi , Panda Subhendu K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods (NRs) were grown hydrothermally on the wide bandgap (∼3.86 – 4.04 eV) seed layers (SLs) of grain size ∼162 ± 35 nm, prepared using ball-milled derived ZnO powder. The synthesized ZnO NRs were further decorated with ZnS nanocrystals to achieve a ZnO NR-ZnS core–shell (CS)-like nano-scaffolds by a subsequent hydrothermal synthesis at 70 °C for 1 h. UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses confirmed the formation of ZnS atop the vertically aligned ZnO NR arrays of ∼1.79 ± 0.17 µm length and ∼165 ± 27 nm diameter. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/EDX analyses revealed that vertically aligned ZnO NRs (core dia. ∼181 ± 12 nm) arrays are conformally coated by an ultrathin ZnS (∼25 ± 7 nm) shell layer with a preferential ZnS{111}/ZnO{10-10}-like partial epitaxy. The ZnO NRs exhibited a sharp band edge near ∼384 nm having optical bandgap energy (E
g) of ∼3.23 eV. However, the ZnO NR-ZnS CS exhibited double absorption bands at E
g ∼ 3.20 eV (ZnO-core) and E
g ∼ 3.78 eV (ZnS-shell). The ZnS{111}/ZnO{10-10}-nano-scaffolds could be utilized to facilitate the enhanced absorption of UV photons as well as the radial junction formation between the Pb-free perovskite absorber and ZnS/ZnO NRs layers.
Mobility and current boosting of In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors with metal capping layer oxidation
Authors: Sun Hyeonjeong , Bang Jiyoung , Ju Hyoungbeen , Choi Seungmin , Lee Yeonghun , Kim Sangduk , Noh Youngsoo , Choi Eunsuk , Jeong Jae Kyeong , Lee Seung-Beck 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of an oxidized Ta capping layer on the boosting of field-effect mobility (μ
FE) of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) Thin-film transistors (TFTs). The oxidation of Ta creates additional oxygen vacancies on the a–IGZO channel surface, leading to increased carrier density. We investigate the effect of increasing Ta coverage on threshold voltage (V
th), on-state current, μ
FE and gate bias stress stability of a-IGZO TFTs. A significant increase in μ
FE of over 8 fold, from 16 cm2 Vs−1 to 140 cm2 Vs−1, was demonstrated with the Ta capping layer covering 90% of the channel surface. By partial leaving the a-IGZO uncovered at the contact region, a potential barrier region was created, maintaining the low off-state current and keeping the threshold voltage near 0 V, while the capped region operated as a carrier-boosted region, enhancing channel conduction. The results reported in this study present a novel methodology for realizing high-performance oxide semiconductor devices. The demonstrated approach holds promise for a wide range of next-generation device applications, offering new avenues for advancement in metal oxide semiconductor TFTs.
Frequency shift of a PVDF surface acoustic wave sensor on a curved surface
Authors: Masoud Naghdi , Aslam Muhammad , Ju Shuai , V S Sreejith , Zhang Haifeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Wearable sensors have generated a significant attention across various research domains, including the monitoring of human health, pressure sensing, and body health monitoring. Notably, substantial research has been focused on the utilization of piezoelectric sensors for precise pressure measurements in diverse applications, such as medical devices and structural health monitoring. This paper explains the external pressure measurement employing sensors crafted from Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF), known for its remarkable ability to conform consistently to various surface shapes and curvatures. The primary objective of this study is to present an integrated experimental and numerical approach to quantifying the frequency shift of piezoelectric PVDF surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors when deployed on curved surfaces, a crucial step in optimizing their performance for real-world applications. We aim to explain how changes in surface geometry impact frequency shifts concerning external pressure and movement. Our findings reveal a linear relationship between frequency shifts and geometric variations in a certain range, as supported by experimental data. Furthermore, it is observed that PVDF samples can be used to successfully measure the internal pressure of a canister. The consistency between experimental and numerical results underscores the validity and reliability of our approach. In summary, this paper contributes to our understanding of piezoelectric PVDF SAW sensor behavior when placed on curved surfaces. Our novel methodology combines experimental measurements and numerical simulations to quantify the impact of geometric changes on frequency shifts, providing valuable insights for future sensor applications.
Permanently magnetized elastomer rotating actuator using traveling waves
Authors: Chossat Jean-Baptiste , Shea Herbert 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We report a soft actuator that generates continuous rotation of an object placed on it by electromagnetically exciting circular travelling waves in a soft disk. The disk, that serves as the stator, is made of a stretchable composite consisting of segments of silicone elastomer in which hard ferromagnetic particles are embedded. Inspired by piezoelectric traveling wave rotary actuators, the disk’s 16 sections are driven by underlying printed circuit board coils to create a flexural traveling wave on the disk’s surface. The rotor can be any object directly placed on the stator: the traveling wave in the stator leads by friction to the rotation of the rotor. Unlike conventional electromagnetic motors that rely on a precisely controlled gap between stator and rotor, a concept incompatible with soft robotics, our device exploits the contact between rotor and stator and the associated dry friction to generate torque. Rotation speeds of over 6 rpm were obtained for a partially rice-filled balloon, 30 cm diameter, weighing 17 g. We report detailed speed and performance metrics when rotating plastic disks. With this rotating actuator, we demonstrate an innovative way to transmit torques and rotations within soft structures.
Learning a quantum channel from its steady-state
Authors: Ilin Yigal , Arad Itai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We present a scalable method for learning local quantum channels using local expectation values measured on a single state—their steady state. Our method is inspired by the algorithms for learning local Hamiltonians from their ground states. For it to succeed, the steady state must be non-trivial, and therefore the channel needs to be non-unital. Such non-unital channels are readily implementable on present day quantum computers using mid-circuit measurements or RESET gates. We demonstrate that the full structure of such channels is encoded in their steady states, and can be learned efficiently using only the expectation values of local observables on these states. We emphasize two immediate applications to illustrate our approach: (i) Using engineered dissipative dynamics, we offer a straightforward way to assess the accuracy of a given noise model in a regime where all qubits are actively utilized for a significant duration. (ii) Given a parameterized noise model for the entire system, our method can learn its underlying parameters. We demonstrate both applications using numerical simulations and experimental trials conducted on an IBMQ machine.
Molybdenum gallium carbide coated D-shape fiber for nanosecond dark pulse generation in erbium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Rosol A H A , Jafry A A A , Ooi W L , Diblawe A M , Hamzah A , Harun S W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Molybdenum gallium carbide (Mo2Ga2C), a material belongs to MAX phase group, has garnered significant interest in a wide range of scientific field, including material science, engineering, and laser physics. It is chemically and structurally promising since it exhibits a low shear modulus, superconducting behaviour, and high mechanical stability. Here, we prepared a saturable absorber (SA) based on Mo2Ga2C coated D-shape fiber using solution casting technique. It exhibits outstanding saturable absorption of 7.2%, allowing it to generate dark pulse laser in an erbium-doped fiber laser cavity. We analyzed the laser’s performance and obtained a dark pulse with a pulse energy, peak power, and average output power of 3.9 nJ, 27.5 mW, and 7.3 mW, respectively. This foundational work may introduce a new material as an alternative SA device in fiber laser cavity.
Intelligent constellation detection using pattern recognition
Authors: Jamal Ahsan , Abid Uzair , Ismail Muhammad Ali 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The study of constellations and the mechanism for its identification has always been an captivating area in astronomy, from ancient methods like star charts, to modern techniques of computer vision. Along with continuous discoveries of new celestial objects on a regular basis, the study of constellations are getting equal attention in astronomical data analysis. In this paper, we present an intelligent constellation detection algorithm that identifies the constellation using star patterns in the given image and produces meta-data for it to the end user. That is, for a given a deep sky image, the system effectively detects the stars, produces the orientation and labels the stars and constellations patterns, maintains the database of the images and the detected objects. The system provides a comprehensive user interface for data input and to display the results obtained. The system demonstrated 90% success rate in correctly identifying sources and mapping the constellations. The system also serves as a valuable platform for astronomers studying deep sky images enabling the identification of anomalies in the images such as unidentified objects not cataloged or previously unidentified in constellation images.
Enhancement of luminescent and photocatalytic performance of hydrothermally synthesized ZnS NPs using Ce as defect regulator
Authors: Jubeer E Muhammed , Manthrammel M Aslam , Subha P A , Shkir Mohd , Biju K P , AlFaify S A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Using the hydrothermal technique, we synthesised ZnS and Ce-doped ZnS nanoparticles with various doping concentrations (0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that pure ZnS nanoparticles exhibited a cubic phase, but when doped with Ce, the phase changed to wurtzite. The phase transition in the doped ZnS nanoparticles was also verified by Raman spectroscopy. In the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, however, no transitions matching to the dopant were identified, the overall luminous behaviour of the nanoparticles may still be influenced by the luminescence of the host material. Morphological examinations were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which revealed information about the size, shape, and distribution of the nanoparticles. The presence of Ce was further confirmed by Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The visible light photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles was examined, and it was observed that the photocatalytic efficiency initially increased with doping concentration and then decreased. For 99% degradation efficiency, a doping concentration of 1% was determined to be optimal. The success of the synthesis and characterisation of Ce-doped ZnS nanoparticles is highlighted in this work, which demonstrates their phase change, shape, elemental composition, and photocatalytic activity. the findings give important insights into the possible uses of these nanoparticles in photocatalysis and other domains like optoelectronics.
Giant nonlinear optical response of fullerene polymer fragments: a DFT perspective
Authors: Cheng Xuechao , Li Haipeng , Wang Ruipeng , Shen Xiaopeng , Han Kui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Organic π-conjugated materials exhibit exceptional nonlinear optical (NLO) properties due to their unique electronic structures, characterized by short response times and large NLO responses. Fullerene (C60) is one of the few polymer species that possess a rich π-conjugated system, making it a promising material with significant NLO responses. In the present paper, we designed three C60 polymer fragments and employed density functional theory to estimate their molecular static first and second hyperpolarizabilities. Compared to previously reported fullerene derivatives, the designed C60 polymer fragments can exhibit notable second-order and third-order molecular NLO responses. The study shows that the hyperpolarizabilities and energy gaps of the investigated C60 polymer fragments are greatly influenced by their topological structures and bonding modes. These findings provide new insights for the design of novel NLO materials based on C60 polymers, and the realization of tunable NLO responses in C60 cluster-based molecular systems, which may have significant applications in nanophotonic devices.
Investigation on specific heat and Raman spectroscopy of YbFe2As2
Authors: S Santhosh Raj , Ghosh Nilotpal , R Navamathavan , Saravanan M P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We hereby present a comprehensive study of polycrystalline YbFe2As2 which includes detailed investigation on the specific heat capacity and Raman spectroscopy measurements at high magnetic fields (up to 16 T) and low temperatures. Low temperature x-ray diffraction investigations at 30 K on YbFe2As2 reveal an orthorhombic unit cell structure, which indicates structural transitions from monoclinic to orthorhombic as temperature decreases. In specific heat capacity measurements, a slope change is observed around 70 K. It may be a signature of spin density wave (SDW) phase transition. The specific heat data has been fitted in the temperature ranging from 20 to 90 K. It has been found that linear coefficient of specific heat (γ) is quite enhanced suggesting the existence of quasi particles with heavy effective mass. Its value changes slowly with magnetic field below 70 K. Raman spectra have been studied in the temperature range of 4 to 300 K. It is observed that there is a trend of shifting the B1G peak position in Raman spectra on the higher side as the temperature decreases. A change of slope in shift of B1G versus temperature plot is noticed around 70 K suggesting phase transition which is consistent with specific heat and previous resistivity measurements. Overall, our results provide new insights into the physical properties and phase transitions of YbFe2As2.
A 2.5–8V input range peak-current-control non-inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter with high efficiency and automatic mode transition for Ni-MH battery application
Authors: Xu Kaixuan , Zhu Xiwen , Li Mingxue , Zhang Yufeng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In portable electronic devices, the output voltage of the Ni-MH cell battery gradually decreases with the extension of run time, eventually leading to an inability to provide the required operating voltage. As a result, this paper proposed a non-inverting buck-boost converter with automatic switching of operating modes to extend the run time of Ni-MH batteries connected in series, which is peak current controlled. By comparing the input and output voltages, the DC-DC converter is placed in either buck, boost, or buck-boost mode. Of the three modes, the buck-boost mode is designed to have the smallest operating range due to its lowest power conversion efficiency. The converter is characterised by a wide input range of 2.5–8 V, which exceeds the maximum voltage leading to oxide breakdown. In order to prevent the breakdown of the gate oxide layer, a capacitive coupling level shift circuit is proposed to control voltage between gate and source of the power transistor below 5 V. The proposed converter is manufactured using a 180 nm BCD process and occupies an effective chip area of 1.44 mm × 0.73 mm. Experimental results demonstrate that the maximum power conversion efficiency of the proposed buck-boost DC-DC converter is 93%, marking a significant 11% enhancement compared to the traditional buck-boost DC-DC converter operating in only buck-boost mode (84% efficient). In addition, the converter achieves a maximum output current of 500 mA, which improves the output maximum current by 67% compared to the traditional DC-DC converter (max. output current 300 mA).