bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid electromagnetic Halbach array for wireless power transfer (WPT) system using variable and uniform pitch coils
Authors: Gogo Tamuno‐omie , Zhu Dibin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe electromagnetic Halbach array (EHA) for wireless power transfer (WPT), designed to improve the transferred power and power transfer distance, has been proven to be effective and can be applied in various consumer applications. This paper presents a hybrid form of the EHA, aimed at improving the quality of power generated and transmitted. The expression for the determination of the magnetic field of a variable pitch flat coil for wireless power transfer and other uses has been derived. The average magnetic field, magnetic flux, and power transfer efficiency are investigated. The power transfer efficiency and the average magnetic field generated by four different design considerations were compared. The hybrid electromagnetic Halbach array wireless power transfer system (HEHA‐WPTS) has also been studied and results are compared with the conventional arrangements. Simulations and experiments were carried out to verify the analytical results obtained. According to the results obtained, the HEHA‐WPTS, with a base coil with variable pitches and uniform side coils, produces a more uniform average magnetic field and a better average power transfer efficiency over a longer power transfer distance.
On performance evaluation of high‐power, high‐bandwidth current measurement technologies for SiC switching devices
Authors: Philipps Daniel A. , Peftitsis Dimosthenis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) power metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) switch at an unprecedented speed, even at high currents. For accurate dynamic characterization, current sensors must measure high currents at a high bandwidth. Moreover, at high switching speeds, parasitic impedances in the commutation loop become critical. To ensure high‐accuracy measurements, the current sensor insertion impedance must be minimal. Here, a two‐step current sensor evaluation method is proposed. This method serves the characterization and suitability assessment of high‐power, high‐bandwidth current sensors for fast‐switching applications using SiC power MOSFETs. Conducting a small‐ and a large‐signal transmission behaviour analysis separately results in holistic information about the current sensor behaviour in both time and frequency domain. The proposed method is validated using four commercially available current sensors that are widely used for SiC power MOSFET characterization. The work concludes transferring the knowledge derived in the conducted experiments to a practical, application‐oriented sensor selection guide.
A seven‐level switched‐capacitor based transformerless inverter with modified PWM strategy to enhance the performance of grid‐connected PV systems
Authors: Mondal Sudipto , Biswas Shuvra Prokash , Islam Md. Rabiul , Hosain Md. Kamal , Raad Raad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmong different types of transformerless photovoltaic inverters, multi‐level inverters based on switched‐capacitors (SC) are the burning topic of recent decades due to their potential advantages, such as, single source requirement, voltage boosting capability, and high power density. However, for a seven level output voltage, a conventional SC based inverter architecture uses more than two units of SC, a large amount of power switches, which then lead to capacitor voltage balancing problems. This paper presents a seven‐level switched‐capacitor transformerless inverter (SCTI), which is structured with only two SC units, ten power switches, and a single DC source. The proposed SCTI ensures voltage boosting capability, self‐voltage balancing, and low power semiconductor losses. Apart from these, a modified sinusoidal pulse width modulation (MSPWM) is also proposed in this work, which guarantees better thermal performance and low inverter output voltage THD for the proposed SCTI. The proposed SCTI along with the MSPWM is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS computer simulation environments. A reduced scale laboratory prototype is also built and tested to ensure the feasibility of the proposed SCTI.
Modified triple pelvic osteotomy for residual acetabular dysplasia through double incisions: Technical note and review of short-term results
Authors: Aly Ahmad S. , Fayyad Tamer A. , El-beshry Shady S. , Elhusseiny Karim T. , El Ghazawy Ahmed K. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To assess validity, safety, and efficacy of the modified triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) approach for correction of residual acetabular dysplasia. Methods: This is a retrospective case series conducted on 15 hips in 15 patients from 2019 to 2023 with residual acetabular dysplasia treated by modified TPO as described by Tonnis with two modifications. The first modification is using a single medial incision for pubic and ischial cuts (the Vladimirov modification). The second modification is having the ischial cut closer to the acetabulum (Li modification) allowing free movement of the acetabular fragment for better femoral head coverage. The mean age at the time of surgery was 11.85 years, (range 8–23). Cases presenting were 10 males (66.7%) and 5 females (33.3%). The mean follow-up period was 36.533 months (24–60 months). Results: Our study revealed significant clinical and radiological improvement. The CE angle improved from a mean value of 10° (range 2–17) pre-operatively to 32.785° (range 18°–40°) post-operatively. The AI improved from a mean value of 32° pre-operatively to a mean value of 13.89° post-operatively. HHS increased from a preoperative mean value of 74.80° to a post-operative mean value of 90.67°. Also, there was a significant improvement in ROM (abduction and internal rotation). LLD improved from a mean value of 2.60 cm preoperatively to a mean value of 0.37 cm postoperatively. Delayed union was found in 3 cases. No cases of osteonecrosis or neurovascular complication were encountered in our study. Conclusion: The modified TPO technique using dual incisions can be considered safe and effective, providing adequate coverage of the femoral head in acetabular dysplasia with less surgical time, satisfactory functional outcomes, and minimal complications.
Level of Evidence: IV
Numerical characterization of capacitively coupled plasma driven by tailored frequency modulated radio frequency source
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhou Youyou , Chen Jian , Cao Yong , Wang Zhijiang , Huang Xiaojiang , Zhang Ya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) is widely used in plasma etching and deposition processes because of its low cost, simple structure, and easy generation of a uniform plasma in large areas. Conventional CCPs are operated under a fixed frequency power source; however, CCPs driven by a variable frequency power source are poorly understood. In this paper, numerical simulations of CCPs driven by frequency modulated (FM) radio frequency (RF) sources within the frequency range of 2 MHz–18 MHz are carried out with a particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model. Our research indicates that the CCP driven by an FM RF source can maintain a stable glow discharge and form a time-dependent plasma. Plasma density, electron and ion current, energy and heating rate, ion flux, and energy on the electrodes fluctuate consistently with the FM period. The electron and ion energy distribution function can also be modulated by the frequency variation of the FM source. A multi-peak structure that varies and shifts with frequency variation is observed in the ion energy distribution function. In addition, by fixing the chirp period while varying the start or end frequency of the chirp signal (start frequency from 0.4 to 6 MHz, or end frequency from 18 to 48 MHz), effective modulations can be produced on the electron density, electron energy, and the shape of the EEPF and IEDF.
The effectiveness of exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs as sub-GeV Dark Matter detectors
Authors: Ilie C. , Levy C. , Diks J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work we demonstrate that Dark Matter (DM) evaporation severely hinders the effectiveness of exoplanets and Brown Dwarfs as sub-GeV DM probes. Moreover, we find useful analytic closed form approximations for DM capture rates for arbitrary astrophysical objects, valid in four distinct regions in theσ-mXparameter space. As expected, in one of those regions the Dark Matter capture saturates to its geometric limit, i.e. the entire flux crossing an object. As a consequence of this region, which for many objects falls within the parameter space not excluded by direct detection experiments, we point out the existence of a DM parameter dependent critical temperature (Tcrit), above which astrophysical objects lose any sensitivity as Dark Matter probes. For instance, Jupiters at the Galactic Center have aTcritranging from 700 K (for a 3MJJupiter) to 950 K (for 14MJ). This limitation is rarely (if ever) considered in the previous literature of indirect Dark Matter detection based on observable signatures of captured Dark Matter inside celestial bodies.
COMPASS Upgrade: a high-field tokamak for ITER- and DEMO-relevant research
Authors: Komm M. , Jaulmes F. , Grover O. , Peterka M. , Seidl J. , Imrisek M. , Saarelma S. , Snyder P. , Sos M. , Caloud J. , Borodkina I. , Shyshkin O. , Cecrdle J. , Farnik M. , Gerardin J. , Kripner L. , Dejarnac R. , Horacek J. , Lukes S. , Havlicek J. , Tskhakaya D. , Hron M. , Panek R. , Vondracek P. , Weinzettl V. ,   the COMPASS Upgrade Team
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To achieve their goals, future thermonuclear reactors such as ITER and DEMO are expected to operate plasmas with a high magnetic field, triangularity and confinement. To address the corresponding challenges, the concept of the high-field (

B

T

⩽

5 T), high-current (

I

P

⩽

2 MA) COMPASS Upgrade tokamak was established, and the device is currently being constructed in Prague, Czech Republic. This contribution provides an overview of the priority physics topics for the future physics programme of COMPASS Upgrade, namely: (i) characterisation of alternative confinement modes, (ii) a power exhaust including liquid metals, (iii) operation with a hot first wall and (iv) the influence of plasma shape on pedestal stability and confinement. The main scenarios are presented, as predicted by METIS and FIESTA codes. Pedestal pressure and density are estimated using EPED, multi-machine semi-empirical scaling and a neutral penetration model. Access to detachment is estimated using a detachment qualifier.
Correction coil and magnet feeder lessons learned
Authors: Lu Kun , Liu Chen , Wei Jing , Song Yuntao , Zhang Qingquan , Huang Xiongyi , Wang Lin , Dong Xiaoyu , Wen Xinjie , Wang Chenyu , Niu Erwu , Dong Lin , Fang Tongzhen , Liu Sheng , Gung Chenyu , Bauer Pierre , Libeyre Paul , Simon Fabrice 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
China has contributed to the manufacturing of the Error Field Correction Coils (CC) and the Magnet Feeders for ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). The manufacturing projects have been carried by ASIPP (Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences). In this paper, the lessons learned from these two manufacturing projects will be described with special focus on some key manufacturing processes. These experiences gained from the work carried so far in CC and magnet feeder manufacturing and testing are very valuable not only for the remaining manufacturing tasks of these two projects, but also for similar systems of other Tokamak fusion device.
Introduction
Authors: Fraser Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChapter 1, the Introduction, introduces the Zhuangist conception of dào (the way) as an aimless, unbounded, and shifting path and identifies issues that arise from this conception. These include the nature and content of dào, the constraints and evaluative criteria that apply to its practice, and the implications for the individual good life and for our relations with others. The chapter also examines the historical and philological background of the Zhuāngzǐ, arguing that the text is an anthology of writings by many hands, with a significant time depth, and the prevailing view of privileging the ‘inner chapters’ as the works of a historical Zhuang Zhou lacks any cogent justification.
Leaf litter from Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight leads to root rot outbreaks by Fusarium solani, hindering continuous cropping
Authors: Shen Min , Wu Limeng , Zhang Yanzhou , You Ruiqiang , Xiao Jiaxin , Kang Yijun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight (CA) is experiencing challenges with continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) due to soil-borne fungal pathogens. The leaf litter from CA is regularly incorporated into the soil after root harvesting, but the impact of this practice on pathogen outbreaks remains uncertain. In this study, a fungal strain D1, identified as Fusarium solani, was isolated and confirmed as a potential factor in CCO. Both leave extract (LE) and root extract (RE) were found to inhibit seed germination and the activities of plant defense-related enzymes. The combinations of extracts and D1 exacerbated these negative effects. Beyond promoting the proliferation of D1 in soil, the extracts also enhanced the hypha weight, spore number, and spore germination rate of D1. Compared to RE, LE exhibited a greater degree of promotion in the activities of pathogenesis-related enzymes in D1. Additionally, caffeic acid and ferulic acid were identified as potential active compounds. LE, particularly in combination with D1, induced a shift in the composition of fungal communities rather than bacterial communities. These findings indicate that the water extract of leaf litter stimulated the growth and proliferation of fungal strain D1, thereby augmenting its pathogenicity toward CA and ultimately contributing to the CCO process.
The business case for quality: estimating lives saved and harms avoided in a value-based purchasing model
Authors: Amico Peter , Drye Elizabeth E , Lee Peter , Lantigua Carolee , Safran Dana Gelb 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Ever-increasing concern about the cost and burden of quality measurement and reporting raises the question: How much do patients benefit from provider arrangements that incentivize performance improvements? We used national performance data to estimate the benefits in terms of lives saved and harms avoided if US health plans improved performance on 2 widely used quality measures: blood pressure control and colorectal cancer screening. We modeled potential results both in California Marketplace plans, where a value-based purchasing initiative incentivizes improvement, and for the US population across 4 market segments (Medicare, Medicaid, Marketplace, commercial). The results indicate that if the lower-performing health plans improve to 66th percentile benchmark scores, it would decrease annual hypertension and colorectal cancer deaths by approximately 7% and 2%, respectively. These analyses highlight the value of assessing performance accountability initiatives for their potential lives saved and harms avoided, as well as their costs and efforts.
Broadband backscattering by Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) differs when measured from a research vessel vs. a silent uncrewed surface vehicle
Authors: Pedersen Geir , Johnsen Espen , Khodabandeloo Babak , Handegard Nils Olav 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Broadband frequency-modulated signals are believed to improve acoustic spectral-based target classification. Efficient use of uncrewed surface vehicles (USV) for fisheries science applications, with no possibility for biological sampling, is believed to be facilitated by use of broadband signals with methods for target classification. If the broadband frequency response used to train automated target classifiers are obtained from conventional research vessels (RVs), due to potential vessel avoidance, the swimming angle distribution may be different than for USVs. This may have consequences for target classification if the model is trained with RV data. The aim of this study was to assess whether the frequency response differs between platforms due to avoidance. Broadband acoustic data were collected with a conventional RV and a small USV. The broadband frequency response of Norwegian spring spawning herring obtained with the USV and RV was found to be significantly different for shallow herring layers in the 200 kHz band. This indicates that broadband frequency response has potential as a tool for real-time monitoring of behaviour reactions to vessels and to provide insight into fish behaviour in general. When using broadband frequency response for target classification, the potential platform-dependent broadband frequency response should be considered.
Large language models leverage external knowledge to extend clinical insight beyond language boundaries
Authors: Wu Jiageng , Wu Xian , Qiu Zhaopeng , Li Minghui , Lin Shixu , Zhang Yingying , Zheng Yefeng , Yuan Changzheng , Yang Jie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Med-PaLM have excelled in various medical question-answering tasks. However, these English-centric models encounter challenges in non-English clinical settings, primarily due to limited clinical knowledge in respective languages, a consequence of imbalanced training corpora. We systematically evaluate LLMs in the Chinese medical context and develop a novel in-context learning framework to enhance their performance.

Materials and Methods
The latest China National Medical Licensing Examination (CNMLE-2022) served as the benchmark. We collected 53 medical books and 381 149 medical questions to construct the medical knowledge base and question bank. The proposed Knowledge and Few-shot Enhancement In-context Learning (KFE) framework leverages the in-context learning ability of LLMs to integrate diverse external clinical knowledge sources. We evaluated KFE with ChatGPT (GPT-3.5), GPT-4, Baichuan2-7B, Baichuan2-13B, and QWEN-72B in CNMLE-2022 and further investigated the effectiveness of different pathways for incorporating LLMs with medical knowledge from 7 distinct perspectives.

Results
Directly applying ChatGPT failed to qualify for the CNMLE-2022 at a score of 51. Cooperated with the KFE framework, the LLMs with varying sizes yielded consistent and significant improvements. The ChatGPT’s performance surged to 70.04 and GPT-4 achieved the highest score of 82.59. This surpasses the qualification threshold (60) and exceeds the average human score of 68.70, affirming the effectiveness and robustness of the framework. It also enabled a smaller Baichuan2-13B to pass the examination, showcasing the great potential in low-resource settings.

Discussion and Conclusion
This study shed light on the optimal practices to enhance the capabilities of LLMs in non-English medical scenarios. By synergizing medical knowledge through in-context learning, LLMs can extend clinical insight beyond language barriers in healthcare, significantly reducing language-related disparities of LLM applications and ensuring global benefit in this field.
Otherwise in Blackface
Authors: Osterweis Ariel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 1997, Richardson was called upon by choreographer Lar Lubovitch to star in Othello: A Dance in Three Acts, a full-length ballet performed by both American Ballet Theatre (ABT) and San Francisco Ballet (SFB). This chapter engages with visibility and authenticity through the practice of blackface. Recent theorizations of blackface and minstrelsy have looked to instances in performance that eschew explicit applications of burnt cork while engaging in appropriative relationships with “blackness” that read to some as “inauthentic.” Louis Chude-Sokei locates the complex politics of the work of Bert Williams, who famously engaged in black-on-black minstrelsy. Of Caribbean origin, like Richardson, Williams was a wildly successful early twentieth-century black performer who was politically active in the struggles of Black people in America. This chapter draws from recent discussions of blackface and minstrelsy to examine Richardson’s title role in ABT and SFB’s shared full-length production of Othello (1997). Continuing the historical practice of maintaining a relatively homogeneous (white) appearance, ABT and SFB rarely hire black dancers. Lubovitch cast Richardson as Othello from outside the ranks of ABT and SFB. Subsequent casts of Othello (when Richardson is not performing) are painted in blackface. The fact that Richardson is not painted in blackface when he performs Othello questions relationships between corporeality and blackness (especially in the absence of spoken text), classicism and the contemporary, technique and appropriation, and casting and authenticity. Chude-Sokei reminds us that minstrelsy is a “constant erasure of the black subject through the hyperbolic presence of blackface.” Through interview and analysis, this chapter looks at the way Lubovitch’s practice of storyboarding lends the production an episodic scene structure much like that of film. Thus, the chapter invokes Linda Williams’s theorizations of melodrama and racial melodrama in film and television to demonstrate how blackface and virtuosity continually complicate the (in)visibility of blackness in Othello.
Roscoe’s Engagement with Industry
Authors: Morris Peter J.T. , Reed Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Having come to appreciate through his work with Robert Bunsen how collaboration between university chemists and industrial firms led to improved working of industrial processes and to economic progress, Roscoe drew on his remarkable network of friends and associates to engage in consultancy work (principally on vanadium and air and water analysis), assist the Alkali Inspectorate as an independent advisor (working with his friend Alfred Fletcher), act as a Commissioner for Royal Commission on Noxious Vapours (1876), take a leading role in the formation of the Society of Chemical Industry (and its first President in 1881), and become a director of the Castner–Kellner Alkali Company (1895). Roscoe witnessed the collaboration between German researchers and dye makers in Manchester that included the German chemist Robert Caro, but was unable to avoid a conflict with the Manchester dye maker Ivan Levinstein over the nature and level of academic support.