bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and optimization of hairy root growth in fed‐batch process
Authors: Mairet Francis , Villon Pierre , Boitel‐Conti Michèle , Shakourzadeh Khalil 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis article proposes a feeding strategy based on a kinetic model to enhance hairy roots growth. A new approach for modeling hairy root growth is used, considering that there is no nutrient limitation thanks to an appropriate feeding, and the intracellular pools are supposed to be always saturated. Thus, the model describes the specific growth rate from extracellular concentration of the major nutrients and nutrient uptakes depend on biomass growth. An optimized feeding strategy was determined thanks to the model to maintain the major nutrient levels at their optimum assuming optimal initial concentrations. The optimal feed rate is computed in open loop using kinetic model prediction or in closed loop using conductivity measurements to estimate biomass growth. Datura innoxia was chosen as the model culture system. Shake flask cultures were used to calibrate the model. Finally, cultures in bioreactor were performed to validate the model and the control laws. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2010
Guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole–Aryl Derivatives: Structure Tuning for Spectrophotometric Recognition of Specific DNA and RNA Sequences and for Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Hernandez‐Folgado Laura , Baretić Domagoj , Piantanida Ivo , Marjanović Marko , Kralj Marijeta , Rehm Thomas , Schmuck Carsten 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe present a systematic study of different guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole‐aryl derivatives designed to interact with DNA or RNA both through intercalation of an aromatic moiety into the base stack of the nucleotide and through groove binding of a guanidiniocarbonylpyrrole cation. We varied 1) the size of the aromatic ring (benzene, naphthalene, pyrene and acridine), 2) the length and flexibility of the linker connecting the two binding groups, and 3) the total number of positive charges present at different pH values. The compounds and their interactions with DNA and RNA were studied by UV/Vis, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. Antiproliferative activities against human tumour cell lines were also determined. Our studies show that efficient interaction with, for example, DNA requires a significantly large aromatic ring (pyrene) connected through a flexible linker to the pyrrole moiety. However, a positive charge, as in12, is also needed. Compound12allows for base‐pair‐selective recognition of ds‐DNA at physiological pH values. The antiproliferative activities of these compounds correlate with their binding affinities towards DNA, suggesting that their biological effects are most probably due to DNA binding.
Analysis of a Pentacoordinate Iron Dicarbonyl as Synthetic Analogue of the Hmd or Mono‐Iron Hydrogenase Active Site
Authors: Liu Tianbiao , Li Bin , Popescu Codrina V. , Bilko Andrey , Pérez Lisa M. , Hall Michael B. , Darensbourg Marcetta Y. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractPentacoordinate iron dicarbonyls, (NS)Fe(CO)2P (NS=2‐amidothiophenylate, P=PCy3 (4), PPh3, (5), and P(OEt)3 (6)) were prepared as potential biomimetics of the active site of the mono‐iron hydrogenase, [Fe]‐H2ase. Full characterization including X‐ray diffraction, density functional theory (DFT) computations, and Mössbauer studies for complexes 5 and 6 find that, despite similar infrared v(CO) pattern and absorption frequencies as the active site of the [Fe]‐H2ase, the geometrical distortions towards trigonal bipyramidal, the negative isomer shift parameters, and the differences in CO‐uptake reactivity are due to the “non‐innocence” of the NS ligand. Ligand‐based protonation with a strong acid, HBF4⋅Et2O, interrupted the extensive π‐delocalization over Fe and NS ligand of complex 4 and switched on CO uptake (1 bar) to form a CO adduct, mer‐[(H‐NS)Fe(CO)3(PCy3)]+ or 4(CO)‐H+. The extrinsic CO is reversibly removed on deprotonation with Et3N to regenerate complex 4. In a 13CO atmosphere, concomitant CO uptake by 4‐H+ and exchange with intrinsic CO groups provide a facile route to 13C‐labeled 4(CO)‐H+ and, upon deprotonation, 13C‐labeled complex 4. DFT calculations show substantial Fe character in the LUMO of 4‐H+ typical of the d6 FeII in a regular square‐pyramidal geometry. Thus, the Lewis acidity of 4‐H+ makes it amenable for CO binding, whereas the dianionic NS ligand renders the iron center of 4 insufficiently electrophilic and largely of FeI character.
Dendronized Triangular Oligo(phenylene ethynylene) Amphiphiles: Nanofibrillar Self‐Assembly and Dye Encapsulation
Authors: García Fátima , Sánchez Luis 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTriangular‐shaped oligo(phenylene ethynylene) amphiphiles 1 a and 1 b decorated in their periphery with two‐ and four‐branched hydrophilic triethyleneglycol dendron wedges, have been synthesized and their self‐assembling properties in solution and onto surfaces investigated. The steric demand produced by the dendritic substituents induces a face‐to‐face rotated π stacking of the aromatic moieties. Studies on the concentration and temperature dependence confirm this mechanism and provide binding constants of 1.2×105 and 1.7×105 M−1 in acetonitrile for 1 a and 1 b, respectively. Dynamic and static light scattering measurements complement the study of the self‐assembly in solution and demonstrate the formation of rod‐like supramolecular structures in aqueous solution. The nanofibers formed in solution can be efficiently transferred onto surfaces. Thus, TEM images reveal the presence of strands of various thickness, with the most common being several micrometers long and with diameters of around 70 nm. Some of these nanofibers present folded edges that are indicative of their ribbon‐like nature. Interestingly, compound 1 b can also form thick filaments with a rope‐like appearance, which points to a chiral arrangement of the fibers. AFM images under highly diluted conditions also reveal long fibers with height profiles that fit well with the molecular dimensions calculated for both amphiphiles. Finally, we have demonstrated the intercalation of the hydrophobic dye Disperse Orange 3 within the filaments and its subsequent release upon increasing the temperature.
Papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid among atomic bomb survivors
Authors: Hayashi Yuzo , Lagarde Frederic , Tsuda Nobuo , Funamoto Sachiyo , Preston Dale L. , Koyama Kojiro , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Ron Elaine , Kodama Kazunori , Tokuoka Shoji 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Radiation exposure is an established cause of clinical thyroid cancer, but little is known about radiation effects on papillary microcarcinoma (PMC) of the thyroid, a relatively common subclinical thyroid malignancy. Because the incidence of these small thyroid cancers has been increasing, it is important to better understand them and their relation to radiation.METHODS:PMCs were identified in a subset of 7659 members of the Life Span Study of atomic bomb survivors who had archived autopsy or surgical materials. We conducted a pathology review of these specimens and evaluated the histological features of the tumors and the association between PMCs and thyroid radiation dose.RESULTS:From 1958 to 1995, 458 PMCs were detected among 313 study subjects. The majority of cancers exhibited pathologic features of papillary thyroid cancers. Overall, 81% of the PMCs were of the sclerosing variant and 91% were nonencapsulated, psammoma bodies that occurred in 13% and calcification was observed in 23%. Over 95% had papillary or papillary‐follicular architecture and most displayed nuclear overlap, clear nuclei, and nuclear grooves. Several of these features increased with increasing tumor size, but no association was found with radiation dose. A significant radiation‐dose response was found for the prevalence of PMCs (estimated excess odds ratio/Gy = 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.01‐1.55), with the excess risk observed primarily among women.CONCLUSIONS:Exposure to low‐to‐moderate doses of ionizing radiation appears to increase the risk of thyroid PMCs, even when exposure occurs during adulthood. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Allatostatin immunoreactivity in the honeybee brain
Authors: Kreissl Sabine , Strasser Christine , Galizia C. Giovanni 
Published: January 2010

AbstractInformation transmission and processing in the brain is achieved through a small family of chemical neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and a very large family of neuropeptides. In order to understand neural networks in the brain it will be necessary, therefore, to understand the connectivity, morphology, and distribution of peptidergic neurons, and to elucidate their function in the brain. In this study we characterize the distribution of substances related to Dip‐allatostatin I in the honeybee brain, which belongs to the allatostatin‐A (AST) peptide family sharing the conserved c‐terminal sequence ‐YXFGL‐NH2. We found about 500 AST‐immunoreactive (ASTir) neurons in the brain, scattered in 18 groups that varied in their precise location across individuals. Almost all areas of the brain were innervated by ASTir fibers. Most ASTir neurites formed networks within functionally distinct areas, e.g., the antennal lobes, the mushroom bodies, or the optic lobes, indicating local functions of the peptide. A small number of very large neurons had widespread arborizations and neurites were found in the corpora cardiaca and in the cervical connectives, suggesting that AST also has global functions. We double‐stained AST and GABA and found that a subset of ASTir neurons were GABA‐immunoreactive (GABAir). Double staining AST with backfills of olfactory receptor neurons or mass fills of neurons in the antennal lobes and in the mushroom bodies allowed a more fine‐grained description of ASTir networks. Together, this first comprehensive description of AST in the bee brain suggests a diverse functional role of AST, including local and global computational tasks. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1391–1417, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of substrate temperature on the properties of electron beam evaporated ZnSe films
Authors: Syed Basheer Ahamed M. G. , Nagarethinam V. S. , Balu A. R. , Thayumanavan A. , Murali K. R. , Sanjeeviraja C. , Jayachandran M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractZnSe films were deposited on glass substrates keeping the substrate temperatures, at room temperature (RT), 75, 150 and 250 °C. The films have exhibited cubic structure oriented along the (111) direction. Both the crystallinity and the grain size increased with increasing deposition temperature. A very high value of absorption co‐efficient (104 cm‐1) is observed. The band gap values decrease from a value of 2.94 eV to 2.69 eV with increasing substrate temperature. The average refractive index value is in the range of 2.39 – 2.41 for the films deposited at different substrate temperatures. The conductivity values increases continuously with temperature. Laser Raman spectra showed peaks at 140.8 cm‐1, 246.7 cm‐1and 204.5 cm‐1which are attributable to 2TA LO phonon and TO phonon respectively. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase‐manipulable synthesis of Cu‐based nanomaterials using ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazole tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Zhu L. , Chen Y. , Sun Y. , Cui Y. , Liang M. , Zhao J. , Li N. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractUsing the ionic liquid (IL), 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazole tetrafluoroborate, and the precursor Cu7Cl4(OH)10·H2O, series of phase‐manipulable Cu‐based nanomaterials were synthesized by hydrothermal and microwave assisted routes, respectively. The structural characters of the as‐prepared CuO, CuO/Cu2O composites and pure Cu nanoparticles were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and HRTEM, and their surface photovoltaic properties were studied by surface photovoltage spectra. Via hydrothermal route Cu2+ ions were found to be reduced gradually into Cu+ and subsequently Cu0 with increasing the IL, and various phase ratio of CuO, Cu2O and Cu composite nanosheets and pure Cu nanoparticles were obtained. This implies that the IL could function as both a reductant in the oxygen‐starved condition and a template for the nanosheet products. The 1H‐NMR result of the IL supports it being a reductant. In microwave assisted route, however, only monoclinic single crystalline CuO nanosheets were obtained, which indicates the IL being a template only in oxygen‐rich condition. Therefore, the crystal phase, composition and morphology of the Cu‐based products could be controlled by simply adjusting the quantity of the IL and oxygen in solution routes. The molecular structure of the IL after oxidation reactions was investigated by 1H‐NMR and a possible reaction mechanism was proposed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of indium content and rapid solidification on microhardness and micro‐creep of Sn‐Zn eutectic lead free solder alloy
Authors: Shalaby R. M. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Sn‐Zn alloys have been considered as lead‐free solders. In this paper, the effect of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 wt.% Indium as ternary additions on melting temperature, structure, microhardness and micro‐creep of the Sn‐9Zn lead‐free solders were investigated. It is shown that the alloying additions of Indium to the Sn‐Zn binary system result in a suppression of the melting point to 187.9 °C. From x‐ray diffraction analysis, a new intermetallic compound phase, designated β‐In3Sn is detected. The formation of an intermetallic compound phase causes a pronounced increase in the electrical resistivity and mechanical strength. Also, an interesting connection between dynamic Young's modulus and the axial ratio (c/a) of the unit cell of the β‐Sn was found in which Young's modulus increases with increasing the axial ratio (c/a). The ternary Sn‐9Zn‐xIn exhibits creep resistance superior to Sn‐9Zn binary alloy. The better creep resistance of the ternary alloy is attributed to solid solution effect and precipitation of In3Sn in the Sn matrix. The addition of small amounts of In is found to refine the effective grain size and consequently, improves hardness. The 89%Sn‐9%Zn‐2%In alloy is a lead‐free solder designed for possible drop‐in replacement of Pb‐Sn solders. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and Characterization of 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐Dimensional Bimetallic UO22+/Zn2+ Phosphonoacetates
Authors: Knope Karah E. , Cahill Christopher L. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractFour bimetallic UO22+/Zn2+ phosphonoacetates have been prepared from hydrothermal reactions of uranyl nitrate, zinc nitrate, and triethyl phosphonoacetate. These compounds, (UO2)2(PPA)2(H2O)2·Zn(H2O)6·4H2O (1), (UO2)4(PPA)2(HPPA)2·Zn(H2O)6·5H2O·(2), (UO2)2(H2O)2(PPA)2Zn(H2O)4 (3), and (UO2)2(PPA)2(HPPA)Zn2(H2O)2·3(H2O) (4), adopt 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐dimensional architectures wherein the UO22+ cation exhibits coordination preference for the phosphonate over the carboxylate oxygen atoms. The Zn2+ metal centers show an increased degree of ligand coordination with increasing reaction temperature. At 120 °C, compounds 1 and 2 are formed. These structures are 1‐ and 2‐dimensional, respectively, and contain fully hydrated [Zn(H2O)6]2+ cations. At 150 °C and 180 °C, the HPPA ligand displaces H2O molecules from the inner Zn2+ hydration sphere and binds to the metal centers via a –CO2H oxygen atom in 3 and both carboxylate and phosphonate oxygen atoms in 4. The overall Zn2+ reaction can be expressed by the equation Zn(H2O)62+ + HPPA [rlarr2] Zn(H2O)5(HPPA) + H2O. Presented here are the syntheses, structures, and characterization of these materials.
Kinetic study of β‐carotene and lutein degradation in oils during heat treatment
Authors: Achir Nawel , Randrianatoandro Verohanitra A. , Bohuon Philippe , Laffargue Andréina , Avallone Sylvie 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe kinetics of trans‐β‐carotene and trans‐lutein degradation were individually investigated in palm olein and Vegetaline®, at four temperatures ranging from 120 to 180 °C. HPLC‐DAD analysis was carried out to monitor trans and cis carotenoid variations over the heating time at each temperature. In both oils, initial trans‐β‐carotene and trans‐lutein degradation rates increased with temperature. Trans‐lutein was found to degrade at a slower rate than trans‐β‐carotene, suggesting a higher thermal resistance. The isomers identified were 13‐cis‐ and 9‐cis‐β‐carotene, and 13‐cis‐, 9‐cis‐, 13'‐cis‐, and 9'‐cis‐lutein. In spite of the higher number of lutein cis isomers, their total amount was lower than that of β‐carotene cis isomers. Trans and cis carotenoids were involved in degradation reactions at rates that increased with temperature. All degradation rates were generally found to be lower in Vegetaline® than in palm olein. These results were explained by the initial composition of the two oils and especially their peroxide and vitamin E contents.
A Novel Diameter‐Selective Functionalization of SWCNTs with Lithium Alkynylides
Authors: Gebhardt Benjamin , Graupner Ralf , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: January 2010

AbstractCovalent functionalization by addition to the sidewalls ofsingle‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is one of the most important methods for the derivatization of carbon nanotubes. The nucleophilic addition of organometallic reagents (carbon‐ and nitrogen‐based carbanions) has recently become a widely used tool for the introduction of functional moieties onto the surface of this new carbon allotrope. The extension of this concept by the successful nucleophilic addition of in situ generated lithium acetylides to the SWCNT scaffold is presented herein. The chemically derivatized SWCNTs have been characterized in detail by TGA/MS, Raman, UV/Vis/NIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. On the basis of a detailed examination of the signals in the radial breathing‐mode region of the Raman spectra, the preferred functionalization of smaller‐diameter tubes has been clearly demonstrated.
Supramolecular Assemblies Derived from Formyl‐Substituted π‐Conjugated Acyclic Anion Receptors
Authors: Maeda Hiromitsu , Fujii Rika , Haketa Yohei 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe report on the synthesis and properties of formyl‐substituted dipyrrolyl diketone–BF2 complexes (anion receptors) and their extended derivatives. The formyl‐substituted receptors exhibited efficient anion‐binding behavior and complicated solid‐state hydrogen‐bonding assembly patterns, due to the formyl group's electron‐withdrawing and hydrogen‐bond‐accepting properties. The extended derivatives, prepared by the formation of Schiff bases and their subsequent reduction, behaved as building subunits to provide gel‐like materials in spite of the existence of β‐ethyl substituents. Fairly unspecific spherical particle morphologies were observed for these gel‐like materials by optical microscopy and AFM. The anion‐responsive behavior of the supramolecular assemblies (gelated materials) was also examined.
nBuLi‐Mediated Hydrophosphination: A Simple Route to Valuable Organophosphorus Compounds
Authors: Perrier Arnaud , Comte Virginie , Moïse Claude , Richard Philippe , Le Gendre Pierre 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA straightforward synthesis of homoallyl‐ and allylphosphanes has been developed using nBuLi‐mediated hydrophosphination of conjugated dienes. In all the cases the phosphorus atom of the reacting phosphane attacked thesterically less demanding side of the diene exclusively. In addition, high regioselectivities towards 1,2‐ or 1,4‐addition products were observed depending on the nature of the dienes. This hydrophosphination reaction was extended to a variety of substrates such as styrene derivatives, alkynes and 1,3,5‐cycloheptatriene. The structures of three hydrophosphination products were confirmed by X‐ray diffractionstudies.
High‐abundance protein depletion: Comparison of methods for human plasma biomarker discovery
Authors: Polaskova Veronika , Kapur Amit , Khan Alamgir , Molloy Mark P. , Baker Mark S. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAffinity depletion of abundant proteins from human plasma has become a routine sample preparation strategy in proteomics used prior to protein identification and quantitation. To date, there have been limited published studies comparing the performance of commercially available depletion products. We conducted a thorough evaluation of six depletion columns using 2‐DE combined with sophisticated image analysis software, examining the following criteria: (i) efficiency of high‐abundance protein depletion, (ii) non‐specific removal of other than the targeted proteins and (iii) total number of protein spots detected on the gels following depletion. From all the products investigated, the Seppro IgY system provided the best results. It displayed the greatest number of protein spots on the depleted plasma gels, minimal non‐specific binding and high efficiency of abundant protein removal. Nevertheless, the increase in the number of detected spots compared with the second best performing and cheaper multiple affinity removal column (MARC) was not shown to be statistically significant. The ProteoPrep spin column, considered to be the “deepest” depletion technique available at the time of conducting the study, surprisingly displayed significantly fewer spots on the flow‐through fraction gels compared with both the Seppro and the MARC. The spin column format and low plasma capacity were also found to be impractical for 2‐DE. To conclude, we succeeded in providing an overview of the depletion columns performances with regard to the three examined areas. Our study will serve as a reference to other scientists when deciding on the optimal product for their particular projects.
Differential expression of proteins in fetal brains of alcohol‐treated prenatally C57BL/6 mice: A proteomic investigation
Authors: Sari Youssef , Zhang Min , Mechref Yehia 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAlcohol is known to impede the growth of the central nervous system and to induce neurodegeneration through cellular apoptosis. We have previously shown that moderate prenatal alcohol exposure results in brain defects at different stages of development. In this study, we further characterize the proteomic architecture underlying ethanol teratogenesis during early fetal brain development using chromatography in conjunction with a LC‐MS/MS system. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed from embryonic day 7 (E7) to E13 with either a 25% ethanol derived calorie or pair‐fed liquid diets. At E13, fetal brains were collected from five dams for each group. Individual brains were homogenized and the extracted proteins were then tryptically digested and analyzed by LC‐MS/MS. Label‐free quantitative proteomic analyses were performed on proteomes extracted from fetal brains of both alcohol‐treated (ALC) and pair‐fed groups. These analyses demonstrated that prenatal alcohol exposure induced significant downregulation (p<0.001) of the expression of mitochondrial enzymes including ADP/ATP translocase 1, ATP synthase subunit α and ubiquinol‐cytochrome‐creductases. In addition, mitochondrial carrier homolog 1, which plays a role in apoptosis, was significantly downregulated (p<0.001) in the ALC group. Moreover, among the cytosolic proteins that were significantly downregulated (p<0.001) are Bcl‐2, 14‐3‐3 protein and calmodulin. Significant downregulation (p<0.001) of proteins that are critical for fetal brain development was observed such as prohibitin and neuronal migration protein doublecortin. These findings provide information about possible mechanisms underlying the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure during early embryonic stage.