bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shear bond strength evaluation of bonded molar tubes on fluorotic molars
Authors: Silva-Benítez Erika L. , Zavala-Alonso Veronica , Martinez-Castanon Gabriel A. , Loyola-Rodriguez Juan P. , Patiño-Marin Nuria , Ortega-Pedrajo Irene , García-Godoy Franklin 
Published: June 2012

Abstract

Objective:
To study the shear bond strength (SBS), sites of failure, and micromorphology of bonded molar tubes used on teeth affected by dental fluorosis.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro study included 140 first molars classified according to Dean's index for dental fluorosis. Samples were divided into seven groups: (1) healthy teeth etched for 15 seconds, (2) teeth with moderate fluorosis (MOF) etched for 15 seconds, (3) teeth with MOF etched for 150 seconds, (4) teeth with MOF microabrasion etched for 15 seconds, (5) teeth with severe fluorosis (SEF) etched for 15 seconds, (6) teeth with SEF etched for 150 seconds, and (7) teeth with SEF microabrasion etched for 15 seconds. All samples were incubated and were then submitted to the SBS test and evaluated with the modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) and analyzed by using a scanning electronic microscope.

Results:
The SBS mean value for healthy enamel was 20 ± 10.2 MPa. For the group with MOF, the etched 150-second mean value was the highest (19 ± 7.6 MPa); for the group with SEF treated with microabrasion and etched for 15 seconds, the mean value was (13 ± 4.1 MPa). Significant differences (P ≤ .05) were found in the ARI between healthy and fluorosed groups.

Conclusions:
Fluorotic enamel affects the adhesion of bonded molar tubes. The use of overetching in cases of MOF and the combination of microabrasion and etching in SEF provides a suitable adhesion for fixed appliance therapy.
A Critical Evaluation of Glycated Protein Parameters in Advanced Nephropathy: A Matter of Life or Death
Authors: Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: June 2012

Chronic kidney disease remains as one of the major complications for individuals with diabetes and contributes to considerable morbidity. Individuals subjected to dialysis therapy, half of whom are diabetic, experience a mortality of ∼20% per year. Understanding factors related to mortality remains a priority. Outside of dialysis units, A1C is unquestioned as the “gold standard” for glycemic control. In the recent past, however, there is evidence in large cohorts of diabetic dialysis patients that A1C at both the higher and lower levels was associated with mortality. Given the unique conditions associated with the metabolic dysregulation in dialysis patients, there is a critical need to identify accurate assays to monitor glycemic control to relate to cardiovascular endpoints. In this two-part point-counterpoint narrative, Drs. Freedman and Kalantar-Zadeh take opposing views on the utility of A1C in relation to cardiovascular disease and survival and as to consideration of use of other short-term markers in glycemia. In the narrative preceeding this counterpoint, Dr. Freedman suggests that glycated albumin may be the preferred glycemic marker in dialysis subjects. In the counterpoint narrative below, Dr. Kalantar-Zadeh defends the use of A1C as the unquestioned gold standard for glycemic management in dialysis subjects.
—William T. Cefalu, MD Editor in Chief, Diabetes Care
The Margin of Exposure to Formaldehyde in Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: Monakhova Yulia , Jendral Julien , Lachenmeier Dirk 
Published: June 2012

The Margin of Exposure to Formaldehyde in Alcoholic BeveragesFormaldehyde has been classified as carcinogenic to humans (WHO IARC group 1). It causes leukaemia and nasopharyngeal cancer, and was described to regularly occur in alcoholic beverages. However, its risk associated with consumption of alcohol has not been systematically studied, so this study will provide the first risk assessment of formaldehyde for consumers of alcoholic beverages.Human dietary intake of formaldehyde via alcoholic beverages in the European Union was estimated based on WHO alcohol consumption data and literature on formaldehyde contents of different beverage groups (beer, wine, spirits, and unrecorded alcohol). The risk assessment was conducted using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach with benchmark doses (BMD) for 10 % effect obtained from dose-response modelling of animal experiments.For tumours in male rats, a BMD of 30 mg kg-1body weight per day and a "BMD lower confidence limit" (BMDL) of 23 mg kg-1d-1were calculated from available long-term animal experiments. The average human exposure to formaldehyde from alcoholic beverages was estimated at 8·10-5mg kg-1d-1. Comparing the human exposure with BMDL, the resulting MOE was above 200,000 for average scenarios. Even in the worst-case scenarios, the MOE was never below 10,000, which is considered to be the threshold for public health concerns.The risk assessment shows that the cancer risk from formaldehyde to the alcohol-consuming population is negligible and the priority for risk management (e.g. to reduce the contamination) is very low. The major risk in alcoholic beverages derives from ethanol and acetaldehyde.
Evaluation of vocal acoustic and efficiency analysis parameters in medical students and academic teachers with use of iris and diagnoscope specialist software
Authors: Zielińska-Bliźniewska Hanna , Sułkowski Wiesław , Pietkiewicz Piotr , Miłoński Jarosław , Mazurek Agnieszka , Olszewski Jurek 
Published: June 2012

Abstract
The Effects of Central Angiotensin II and Its Specific Blockers on Nociception. Possible Interactions with Oxidative Stress Status / Efekti Centralnog Angiotenzina II I Njegovih Specifičnih Blokatora Na Nocicepciju. Moguće Interakcije Sa Statusom Oksidativnog Stresa
Authors: Arcan Oana , Ciobica Alin , Bild Walther , Stoica Bogdan , Hritcu Lucian , Cojocaru Dumitru 
Published: June 2012

SummaryIt has already been demonstrated that a complete brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exists distinctly separate from the peripheral system and is implicated in complex functions such as memory, emotional responses and pain. Regarding the implications of angiotensin II (the main bioactive peptide of RAS) in pain, although there are many studies in this area of research, most of the results are controversial. Also, it seems that oxidative stress follows angiotensin II infusion, but the role of AT1 vs. AT2 receptors is not well established. In this context, we were interested in studying the effects of central RAS on nociception, through the intracerebroventricular administration of losartan and PD-123177 (antagonists for the AT1/AT2 receptors), as well as an ACE inhibitor (captopril) and also angiotensin II in rats, which were subsequently tested using the hot-plate task, a well known behavioral test for pain perception. We present here the analgesic effect of angiotensin II administration, as shown by in creased latency-time in the hot-plate, as well as a nociceptive effect of angiotensin II blockers like AT1 and AT2 specific antagonists (losartan and PD-123177) and an ACE inhibitor (captopril), as their administration resulted in decreased latency-time. Moreover, we demonstrated a significant correlation between the results of the nociceptive behavioral task and the levels of some main oxidative stress markers. This provides additional evidence for an analgesic effect of Ang II administration, as well as for a nociceptive effect of Ang II blockers. Moreover, a significant correlation between the nociception and angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress is presented.
Behaviour of Humans and Behaviour of Models in Dynamic Space
Authors: Nijkamp Peter 
Published: June 2012

Behaviour of Humans and Behaviour of Models in Dynamic Space
This paper addresses new trends in quantitative geography research. Modern social science research - including economic and social geography - has in the past decades shown an increasing interest in micro-oriented behaviour of actors. This is inter alia clearly reflected in spatial interaction models (SIMs), where discrete choice approaches have assumed a powerful position. This paper aims to provide in particular a concise review of micro-based research, with the aim to review the potential - but also the caveats - of micro-models to map out human behaviour. In particular, attention will be devoted to interactive learning principles that shape individual decisions. Lessons from cognitive sciences will be put forward and illustrated, amongst others on the basis of computational neural networks or spatial econometric approaches. The methodology of deductive reasoning under conditions of large data bases in studying human mobility will be questioned as well. In this context more extensive attention is given to ceteris paribus conditions and evolutionary thinking.
Analysis of the Labour Market in Metropolitan Areas: A Spatial Filtering Approach
Authors: Kossowski Tomasz , Hauke Jan 
Published: June 2012

Analysis of the Labour Market in Metropolitan Areas: A Spatial Filtering Approach
The power of today's computers allows us to perform computation on massive quantities of data on the one hand and produces enormous amounts of analysis output on the other, as noted by Griffith in his 2003 book. Besides, visualisation and spatial filtering (the core of considerations in Griffith's book) have a chance to be widely used in research practice, especially in geosciences and, more precisely, for georeferenced data. Following the idea proposed by Patuelli et al. (2006, 2009), we analysed the labour market in Poland, focusing on metropolitan areas and their surroundings. The analysis was performed on a data set for the unemployment rate in the 2,478 Polish communes. We took into account spatial autocorrelation and used spatial filtering techniques to construct components of an orthogonal map pattern. As shown in Tiefelsdorf & Griffith (2007), the spatial filtering techniques could be employed in both, parametric and semi-parametric approaches. In this paper we adopted a parametric one.
Transformation of Poland's Spatial-Economic Structure in the Years 1998-2008
Authors: Czyż Teresa 
Published: June 2012

Transformation of Poland's Spatial-Economic Structure in the Years 1998-2008
The article consists of two parts. Part one offers a diagnostic description of the current spatial-economic structure of Poland in which regions are divided into core and peripheral ones. The division rests on a systemic measure of the level of economic development, viz. the income potential / population potential ratio. Part two is an analysis of changes in Poland's spatial-economic structure over the years 1998-2008 where an attempt is made to determine how far those changes coincided with visions of the country's spatial structure presented in planning conceptions.
Inter-Communal Cooperation and Regional Development: The Case of Romania
Authors: Săgeată Radu 
Published: June 2012

Inter-Communal Cooperation and Regional Development: The Case of Romania
Romania's local administrative-territorial organisation shows a high degree of fragmentation. The situation tends to worsen as some villages break away from the parent communes and form new administrative-territorial structures. Since their area is fairly small and adequate financial resources to sustain some coherent, long-term development programmes are missing, a solution would be for them to associate freely into inter-communal cooperation structures, which is a basic prerequisite for attracting European structural funds. Such a type of cooperation practice was experienced in this country at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, inter-communal cooperation could be achieved in two ways: by an association of local communities patterned on historical ‘lands’ (after the French model) and by the establishment of a town, of the metropolitan type, to polarise cooperation structures.
Cypriot Olympians’ Socialization into Sport
Authors: Shippi Panayiotis 
Published: June 2012

Cypriot Olympians’ Socialization into SportSince the mid-20th century, and parallel with the devaluation of the classical Olympic idea, the classical Olympic amateur status has been modified: Olympians have been permitted to earn money legally via their sport performances. They have been legally defined as employees, and they have become to be regarded as "Olympic professionals".The Cypriot elite athletes, who joined the Olympic family in 1980, did not follow international trends regarding this special kind of professionalism. Their start in sport also was to be different from the beginning of most professional Olympic athletes’ sporting careers. The objective of this article is to present information on the particular characteristics of Cypriot Olympians’ socialization into sport based on the findings of an empirical research carried out by the author. The investigation was carried out by quantitative (standardized questionnaire) and qualitative (in-depth interviews) methods among Cypriot Olympians, their coaches, and managers. The quantitative data were summarized by Microsoft Excel 2003 program. Qualitative information was analyzed according to the special criteria.The results deal with the following topics: the athletes’ age at the start and at the specialization, their motivations, their socializing agents, and their parents’ sporting experiences. In the conclusion the impact of the Cypriot sport culture and the ambivalent Cypriot sport politics on the athletes’ early sport socialization is emphasized.
The Theoretical Background of Local Sport Policy in Hungary: Sport Concepts of Hungarian Cities of County Rank
Authors: Kozma Gábor , Radics Zsolt , Teperics Károly 
Published: June 2012

The Theoretical Background of Local Sport Policy in Hungary: Sport Concepts of Hungarian Cities of County RankIn line with international trends, we could also observe in Hungary beginning in the late 1990s increasing attention given by local governments to sports. Hungarian provisions of law related to sports (including, in particular, Act I of 2004 on sports) put local governments in charge of some very important tasks. Among other things, local governments were to determine the local concept of sports development and to ensure its implementation, cooperate with local sports organizations and sports associations, and as owners maintain and operate the sports facilities. In light of the above facts, the study analyzes the sport concepts adopted by the local governments of the Hungarian cities of county rank and tries to find the answers to the following questions: 1. To what extent are the documents concerned in accordance with the requirements usually drafted for the development concepts and which platforms they involve?; 2. To what extent did the local governments recognize the relationship between the sports and place marketing on the level of concept-making?As a conclusion of the study, the following significant establishments can be made: 1. Comparing the existing sport concepts with the general requirements of the development concepts, a large number of deficiencies can be observed; 2. The areas mentioned in the situation-analysis part of these documents are in close relationship with the importance of the topics concerned; 3. The local governments of the cities of county rank decisively recognized the role of sports in place marketing.
Isolated hypoglossal schwannoma in a 9-year-old child
Authors: Santarius Thomas , Dakoji Srikanth , Afshari Fardad T. , Raymond Frances L. , Firth Helen V. , Fernandes Helen M. , Garnett Matthew R. 
Published: June 2012

The authors report a case of an isolated schwannoma of left hypoglossal nerve in a 9-year-old girl. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of hypoglossal nerve schwannoma in the pediatric population in the absence of neurofibromatosis Type 2.
The patient presented with a 2-month history of morning nausea and vomiting with occasional daytime headaches. Magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent CT scanning revealed a dumbbell tumor with a belly in the lower third of the posterior fossa and head underneath the left jugular foramen. Its neck protruded through an expanded hypoglossal canal. Although the lesion bore radiological characteristics of a hypoglossal schwannoma, the absence of hypoglossal palsy and the apparent lack of such tumors in the pediatric population the preoperative diagnosis was not certain.
The tumor was approached via a midline suboccipital craniotomy, and gross-total resection was achieved. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma. Blood and tumor tests for mutations in the NF2 gene were negative. Postoperative mild hypoglossal palsy recovered by the 3-month follow-up, and an MRI study obtained at 1 year did not show recurrence.
Passive language mapping with magnetoencephalography in pediatric patients with epilepsy
Authors: Van Poppel Mark , Wheless James W. , Clarke Dave F. , McGregor Amy , McManis Mark H. , Perkins Freedom F. , Van Poppel Katherine , Fulton Stephen , Boop Frederick A. 
Published: June 2012

Object
Functional mapping is important for determining surgical candidacy and also in epilepsy surgery planning. However, in young children and uncooperative patients, language mapping has been particularly challenging despite the advances in performing noninvasive functional studies. In this study the authors review a series of children with epilepsy who underwent language mapping with magnetoencephalography (MEG) while sedated or sleeping, to determine receptive language localization for presurgical evaluation.

Methods
The authors undertook a retrospective review of patients who underwent MEG between December 2007 and July 2009, and identified 15 individuals who underwent passive language testing as part of their presurgical evaluation because they were unable to participate in traditional language testing, such as Wada or functional MRI. Factors necessitating passive language testing included age and neurocognitive development.

Results
Three of the 15 patients were deemed candidates for epilepsy surgery based on the results from standard preoperative testing, including video electroencephalography, MRI, and passive receptive language testing using MEG technology. The MEG studies were used successfully to localize language in all 3 patients, creating opportunities for seizure freedom through surgery that would not otherwise have been available. All 3 patients then underwent resective epilepsy surgery without experiencing postoperative language deficits.

Conclusions
This case series is the first to look at language mapping during sleep (passive language mapping) in which MEG was used and is the first to evaluate passive language testing in a patient population with intracranial pathological entities. This case series demonstrates that MEG can provide an alternative method for receptive language localization in patients with barriers to more traditional language testing, and in these 3 cases surgery was performed safely based on the results.
Neuronal immunoexpression and a distinct subtype of adult primary supratentorial glioblastoma with a better prognosis
Authors: Pallud Johan , Dezamis Edouard , Audureau Etienne , Devaux Bertrand , Souillard-Scemama Raphaëlle , Sanai Nader , Page Philippe , Beuvon Frédéric , Koziak Maria , Oppenheim Catherine , Dhermain Frédéric , Schlienger Michel , Meder Jean-François , Roux François-Xavier , Varlet Pascale 
Published: June 2012

Object
In this study, the authors address whether neurofilament protein (NFP) expression can be used as an independent prognostic factor in primary glioblastoma multiformes (GBMs).

Methods
Three hundred and two consecutive adult patients with newly diagnosed supratentorial primary GBMs were analyzed (January 2000–August 2008). Detailed data regarding clinical, imaging, and pathological findings, oncological treatments, and outcomes were recorded. Neurofilament protein immunoexpression served to identify NFP-positive tumor cells (normal entrapped neurons and mature ganglion-like cells excluded).

Results
Neurofilament-positive cells were identified in 177 GBMs (58.6%). Patients with NFP-positive GBMs were younger (p < 0.0001), and their GBMs presented with more temporal lobe tumor localization (p = 0.029) and more cortical involvement (p = 0.0003). Neurofilament-negative GBMs presented with more ventricular contact (p < 0.0001) and more tumor midline crossing (p = 0.03). Median overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) were 13.0 and 7.6 months, respectively, for NFP-positive GBMs, and 7.0 and 5.1 months, respectively, for NFP-negative GBMs. Multivariate analysis revealed NFP immunoexpression, tumor midline crossing, complete resection, and radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy as independent factors associated with overall survival. Neurofilament protein–positive immunoexpression was associated with longer overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.54, 95% CI 0.40–0.74; p < 0.0001) and longer PFS (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.96; p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Neurofilament protein–positive immunoexpression represents a strong, therapeutically independent prognostic factor for primary supratentorial GBM clinical outcome among adult patients. Neurofilament protein–GBM's unique pathological features are not only associated with distinct clinical and anatomical behavior, but are also predictive of overall patient survival and PFS. Neurofilament protein immunoexpression may help identify a distinct subgroup of primary GBMs with a favorable prognosis, which should be considered in the design of future targeted therapies.
Deux générations de musiciens au xviiie siècle : la famille Dobet de Chartres à Châteaudun, 1713-1829
Authors: Caillou François , Granger Sylvie , Maillard Christophe 
Published: June 2012

Résumé Un père, ses deux fils et sa fille : quatre musiciens sur deux générations du xviii e siècle au début du xix e siècle. Leurs destins s’entrecroisent dans un triangle Chartres/Blois/Orléans, dont Châteaudun serait le cœur. Leurs itinéraires déclinent les principales possibilités alors offertes aux professionnels de la musique. D’une part, la musique liturgique au service de l’Église, dès l’enfance grâce à la formation maîtrisienne, et sauf accident jusqu’au grand âge. D’autre part, la musique profane, par l’alliance de l’enseignement (clavecin), de la composition et du service des élites sociales. Ainsi que, pour la fille, une vie d’organiste tissée dans la discrétion, sans s’éloigner du foyer paternel. La Révolution fait dévier ces trajectoires, coupant net les carrières des deux fils, à l’Église pour l’un, dans les salons pour l’autre, et les ramenant à Châteaudun. Ils y tiennent l’orgue du temple de la Raison avant de participer activement à la reconstruction cultuelle postconcordataire. Une enquête « à six mains », dans des sources diversifiées, a reconstitué une famille de musiciens obscurs et pourtant actifs, représentatifs de ce qu’était le tissu culturel des provinces de la France moderne.