bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple objective optimization of the fleet sizing problem for road freight transportation
Authors: Zak Jacek , Redmer Adam , Sawicki Piotr 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA fleet sizing problem (FSP) in a road freight transportation company with heterogeneous fleet and its own technical back‐up facilities is considered in the paper. The mathematical model of the decision problem is formulated in terms of multiple objective mathematical programming based on queuing theory. Technical and economical criteria as well as interests of different stakeholders are taken into account in the problem formulation. The solution procedure is composed of two steps. In the first one a sample of Pareto‐optimal solutions is generated by an original program called MEGROS. In the second step this set is reviewed and evaluated, according to the Decision Maker's (DM's) model of preferences. The evaluation of solutions is carried out with an application of an interactive multiple criteria analysis method, called Light Beam Search (LBS). Finally, the DM selects the most desirable, compromise solution.
General stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem with link capacity constraints
Authors: Meng Qiang , Lam William H. K. , Yang Liu 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper addresses a general stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) traffic assignment problem with link capacity constraints. It first proposes a novel linearly constrained minimization model in terms of path flows and then shows that any of its local minimums satisfies the generalized SUE conditions. As the objective function of the proposed model involves path‐specific delay functions without explicit mathematical expressions, its Lagrangian dual formulation is analyzed. On the basis of the Lagrangian dual model, a convergent Lagrangian dual method with a predetermined step size sequence is developed. This solution method merely invokes a subroutine at each iteration to perform a conventional SUE traffic assignment excluding link capacity constraints. Finally, two numerical examples are used to illustrate the proposed model and solution method.
Passengers' perceptions and effects of bus‐holding strategy using automatic vehicle location technology
Authors: Hanaoka Shinya , Qadir Fayyaz Mahmood 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study reports bus passengers' behavior and perceptions related to the use of potential features of an automatic vehicle location (AVL) system in bus transit through conducting an attitudinal on‐board survey in Bangkok. A passenger waiting‐time survey conducted as part of this study revealed that passengers perceive waiting‐time at bus stops to be greater than actually experienced. The other aim of this study is to examine the potential benefits of bus‐holding using an AVL technology, in terms of waiting‐time, through minimizing bus bunching under different congestion levels. The results are obtained using PARAMICS, and reveal a significant reduction in average waiting‐time.
PEGylation of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Jevševar Simona , Kunstelj Menči , Porekar Vladka Gaberc 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSince the first PEGylated product was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1990, PEGylation has been widely used as a post‐production modification methodology for improving biomedical efficacy and physicochemical properties of therapeutic proteins. Applicability and safety of this technology have been proven by use of various PEGylated pharmaceuticals for many years. It is expected that PEGylation, as the most established technology for extension of drug residence in the body, will play an important role in the next generation therapeutics, such as peptides, protein nanobodies and scaffolds, which due to their diminished molecular size need half‐life extension. This review focuses on several factors important in the production of PEGylated biopharmaceuticals enabling efficient preparation of highly purified PEG‐protein conjugates that have to meet stringent regulatory criteria for their use in human therapy. Areas addressed are PEG properties, the specificity of PEGylation reactions, separation and large‐scale purification, the availability and analysis of PEG reagents, analysis of PEG‐protein conjugates, the consistency of products and processes and approaches used for rapid screening of pharmacokinetic properties of PEG‐protein conjugates.
Feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Girelli R , Frigerio I , Salvia R , Barbi E , Tinazzi Martini P , Bassi C 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may be a valuable treatment option for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The present study examined its feasibility and safety.

Methods
Fifty patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were studied prospectively. Ultrasound-guided RFA was performed during laparotomy. The main outcome measures were short-term morbidity and mortality.

Results
The tumour was located in the pancreatic head or uncinate process in 34 patients and in the body or tail in 16; median diameter was 40 (interquartile range 30–50) mm. RFA was the only treatment in 19 patients. RFA was combined with biliary and gastric bypass in 19 patients, gastric bypass alone in eight, biliary bypass alone in three and pancreaticojejunostomy in one. The 30-day mortality rate was 2 per cent. Abdominal complications occurred in 24 per cent of patients; in half they were directly associated with RFA and treated conservatively. Three patients with surgery-related complications needed reoperation. Reduction of RFA temperature from 105 °C to 90 °C resulted in a significant reduction in complications (ten versus two of 25 patients; P = 0·028). Median postoperative hospital stay was 10 (range 7–31) days.

Conclusion
RFA of locally advanced pancreatic cancer is feasible and relatively well tolerated, with a 24 per cent complication rate.
Operative mortality after gastric cancer resection and long-term survival differences across Europe
Authors:   EUROCARE working group, Lepage C , Sant M , Verdecchia A , Forman D , Esteve J , Faivre J 
Published: January 2010

Abstract

Background
Little is known at a population level about operative mortality after surgery for gastric cancer and whether differences between countries can explain differences in long-term survival. This study compared operative mortality recorded by ten cancer registries in seven European countries.

Methods
Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the independent effect of the studied factors on mortality within 30 days of surgery. A multivariable survival model was employed with and without operative mortality.

Results
The overall operative mortality rate in 1611 patients studied was 8·9 (range 5·2–16) per cent. Country of residence was a significant prognostic factor in the multivariable analysis. The likelihood of operative mortality was lower in Italy, France and the UK than in the Netherlands, Spain, Slovenia and Poland. Age, type of gastrectomy and stage at diagnosis were also significant factors. Cancer site was not found to be significant in the multivariable analysis. The overall 5-year relative survival rate varied between 42·0 per cent (Italy) and 24 per cent (Poland); after excluding operative mortality, the 5-year survival rate was 44·3 and 28 per cent respectively.

Conclusion
Within Europe, the substantial differences in operative mortality after gastrectomy only partly explain marked differences in survival after gastric cancer resection.
Simultaneous determination of lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine in human plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study in clinic
Authors: Li Zhou , Ding Cungang , Ge Qinghua , Zhou Zhen , Zhi Xiaojin , Liu Xiaofen 
Published: January 2010

AbstractA new high‐throughput LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of lamivudine (3TC), stavudine (d4T) and nevirapine (NVP) in human plasma is presented, with zidovudine as an internal standard. The analytes were extracted from plasma by protein precipitation and only 150 μL plasma was needed. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Shiseido C8 column (150 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm) with a total run time of 6 min. A tandem mass spectrometric detection was conducted using multiple reaction monitoring under positive ionization mode with an electrospray ionization interface. The method was developed and validated over the concentration range of 25–5000 ng/mL for 3TC and NVP and 20–4000 ng/mL for d4T. The method was validated in terms of intra‐ and inter‐day precision (≤8.6%), accuracy (within ± 8.4%), linearity and specificity. The method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of a combination treatment of 300 mg lamivudine, 30 mg stavudine and 200 mg nevirapine in 22 healthy male volunteers under fasting conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved LC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid and its active metabolites in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in patients
Authors: Liu Jianglin , Dou Guifang , Dong Xiaona , Yuan Dan , Ji Xiwei , Wu Zhuona , Meng ZhiYun 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn this study, a sensitive, selective and reproducible liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of 1,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid (1,5‐DCQA) and its active metabolites, 1‐caffeoyl‐5‐feruoylquinic acid and 1,5‐O‐diferuoylquinic acid, in human plasma, using puerarin as internal standard, was developed and validated. Analytes were extracted from plasma samples by liquid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, separated on a C18reversed‐phase column with water containing 5 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as the mobile phase and detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in negative selected reaction monitoring mode. The accuracy and precision of the method were acceptable and linearity was good over the range 1–200 ng/mL for each analyte. In addition, the selectivity, extraction recovery and matrix effect were satisfactory too. The validated LC‐MS/MS method was successfully applied to phase II clinical pharmacokinetic study of 1,5‐DCQA in patients. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomic variation of the clavicle: A novel three‐dimensional study
Authors: Daruwalla Zubin J. , Courtis Patrick , Fitzpatrick Clare , Fitzpatrick David , Mullett Hannan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAn understanding of the complex anatomy of the clavicle is helpful in the treatment of clavicular fractures. Using three‐dimensional (3D) statistical shape analysis, the author presents a novel method to assess geometric morphology of the clavicle. Fifteen fresh frozen shoulder specimens were scanned using high‐resolution computerized tomography (CT) but four were excluded from the study. A further 16 high‐resolution CT scans of the clavicle were obtained by searching the hospital database. All 27 scans were reconstructed and subsequently imported into and analyzed using a specifically developed statistical software package. Using statistical shape analysis, geometric parameters were then measured. Both gender as well as side specific geometric morphology were observed. Clavicles in men were longer, wider, and thicker than in women. Right clavicles had a greater medial depth than left clavicles, especially in women. Clavicles in men had a greater lateral depth than in women. The sternal angle in women was larger than in men. Using 3D statistical shape analysis and applying it to the clavicle standardizes the study of its anatomy, rules out any variability, and calculates morphological parameters that are accurate, precise, and reproducible. This unique approach provides information that is useful not only to the clinician but also in the modification of current or design of future clavicle fixation devices. More importantly, from an anatomy standpoint, implementation of this novel approach in anatomical studies would eliminate intra‐ and interobserver variation and allow all studies to be standardized and thus more comparable. Clin. Anat. 23:199–209, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A quantitative analysis of variability in brachial plexus anatomy
Authors: Fetty L.K. , Shea J. , Toussaint C.P. , McNulty J.A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantify the lengths of nerve segments within the brachial plexus. Twenty cadavers were dissected bilaterally, giving a total of 40 brachial plexuses for measurement. Individual lengths of plexus segments were measured and recorded, and means and standard deviations were calculated for all data. Differences between the means were statistically evaluated using the Student's t‐test. Only 3 of 16 segments were found to be longer in women on average, which included the anterior division of the superior trunk, the anterior division of the middle trunk and the posterior division of the inferior trunk. All three cords (medial, lateral, and posterior) were found to be significantly different between genders, the longer segments being in males. Significant bilateral differences were also observed when right and left brachial plexuses from each cadaver were compared. Extra lateral heads (ELHs) to the median nerve were found in 50% of brachial plexuses, the anatomy of which varied bilaterally as well as between genders. Awareness of this variability is important both to anatomists and to clinicians who operate on and around the brachial plexus. Clin. Anat. 23:210–215, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solid‐state Materials and Methods for Hydrogen Storage: A Critical Review
Authors: Lim K. L. , Kazemian H. , Yaakob Z. , Daud W. R. W. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHydrogen is important as a new source of energy for automotive applications. It is clear that the key challenge in developing this technology is hydrogen storage. Current methods for hydrogen storage have yet to meet all the demands for on‐board applications. High‐pressure gas storage or liquefaction cannot fulfill the storage criteria required for on‐board storage. Solid‐state materials have shown potential advantages for hydrogen storage in comparison to other storage methods. In this article, the most popular solid‐state storage materials and methods including carbon based materials, metal hydrides, metal organic frameworks, hollow glass microspheres, capillary arrays, clathrate hydrates, metal nitrides and imides, doped polymer and zeolites, are critically reviewed. The survey shows that most of the materials available with high storage capacity have disadvantages associated with slow kinetics and those materials with fast kinetics have issues with low storage capacity. Most of the chemisorption‐based materials are very expensive and in some cases, the hydrogen absorption/desorption phenomena is irreversible. Furthermore, a very high temperature is required to release the adsorbed hydrogen. On the other hand, the main drawback in the case of physisorption‐based materials and methods is their lower capacity for hydrogen storage, especially under mild operating conditions. To accomplish the requisite goals, extensive research studies are still required to optimize the critical parameters of such systems, including the safety (to be improved), security (to be available for all), cost (to be lowered), storage capacity (to be increased), and the sorption‐desorption kinetics (to be improved).
Heteroscedastic controlled calibration model applied to analytical chemistry
Authors: Blas Betsabé , Sandoval Mônica C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn chemical analyses performed by laboratories, one faces the problem of determining the concentration of a chemical element in a sample. In practice, one deals with the problem using the so‐called linear calibration model, which considers that the errors associated with the independent variables are negligible compared with the former variable. In this work, a new linear calibration model is proposed assuming that the independent variables are subject to heteroscedastic measurement errors. A simulation study is carried out in order to verify some properties of the estimators derived for the new model and it is also considered the usual calibration model to compare it with the new approach. Three applications are considered to verify the performance of the new approach. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of a mechanical heart valve prosthesis and a native venous valve: Two distinct applications of FSI to biomedical applications
Authors: Narracott A. J. , Zervides C. , Diaz V. , Rafiroiu D. , Lawford P. V. , Hose D. R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the application of two commercial codes to the study of distinct cardiovascular problems: dynamics of a mechanical heart valve prosthesis and function of a native venous valve. The choice of code is driven by the characteristics of the problem. The ANSYS‐CFX implicit finite volume code is employed for the mechanical valve where the solution is dominated by the interaction between the local fluid domain and the rigid valve leaflets. The LS‐DYNA explicit dynamics code is used due to the stability of this approach when applied to systems with very flexible structural components such as the leaflets of a venous valve. The mechanical valve dynamics remain consistent for a range of mesh densities and residual criteria but begin to vary once the solution time step is increased above 2E–4 s. Venous valve function after application of a gravitational body load is shown to be dependent on parent vessel elastic modulus, E. The venous valve initially closes to a greater extent with a ‘softer’ parent vessel. Both approaches show promise for further study of these biomedical systems including the cavitation and thrombotic potential of mechanical valves and the local residence of blood constituents in the region of venous valve sinuses. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oriented Electric Fields Accelerate Diels–Alder Reactions and Control the endo/exo Selectivity
Authors: Meir Rinat , Chen Hui , Lai Wenzhen , Shaik Sason 
Published: January 2010

AbstractHerein we demonstrate that an external electric field (EEF) acts as an accessory catalyst/inhibitor for Diels–Alder (DA) reactions. When the EEF is oriented along the “reaction axis” (the coordinate of approach of the reactants in the reaction path), the barrier of the DA reactions is lowered by a significant amount, equivalent to rate enhancements by 4–6 orders of magnitude. Simply flipping the EEF direction has the opposite effect, and the EEF acts as an inhibitor. Additionally, an EEF oriented perpendicular to the “reaction axis” in the direction of the individual molecule dipoles can change the endo/exo selectivity, favouring one or the other depending on the positive/negative directions of the EEF vis‐à‐vis the individual molecular dipole. At some critical value of the EEF along the “reaction axis”, there is a crossover to a stepwise mechanism that involves a zwitterionic intermediate. The valence bond diagram model is used to comprehend these trends and to derive a selection rule for EEF effects on chemical reactions: an EEF aligned in the direction of the electron flow between the reactants will lower the reaction barrier. It is shown that the exo/endo control by the EEF is not associated with changes in secondary orbital interactions.
Liqui‐PREP® versus conventional papanicolaou smear to detect cervical cells abnormality by split‐sample technique: A randomized double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Jesdapatarakul Somnuek , Tangjitgamol Siriwan , Nguansangiam Sudarat , Manusirivithaya Sumonmal 
Published: January 2010

AbstractTo assess the diagnostic performances of LiquiPrep® (LP) to detect cervical cellular abnormality in comparison to Papanicolaou (Pap) smear in 194 women with abnormal cervical cytology who were scheduled for colposcopy at the institution between January 2008 and November 2008. The women were randomized to undergo a repeated cervical cytologic evaluation by Pap smear followed by LP, or the two methods in alternating order. The pathologist was blinded to previous cytologic diagnosis and the pair of slides assigned for each woman. Cytologic results from each method were compared to subsequent histopathology. Mean screening time for each LP and Pap slides were 4.3 ± 1.2 minutes and 5.4 ± 1.1 minutes, respectively (P < 0.001). From 194 cases, ASC or AGC were diagnosed in 72 cases (37.1%) from LP and 68 cases (35.1%) from Pap smear. After excluding the ASC/AGC group, the overall cytologic diagnostic agreement between the two tests were 69 of 87 cases (73.6%) while the agreements with histologic diagnoses were 39/87 cases from LP (44.8%) and 41 (47.1%) from Pap smear (P = 0.824). The accuracy of LP was not significantly different from Pap test, 43.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.8–52.1%) compared to 44.4% (95% CI: 35.7–53.1%). LP did not have superior performance over Pap test to detect high‐grade lesions (≥cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II) using ASC/AGC as the threshold with the sensitivity of 70.5% (95% CI: 64.0–76.9%) versus 77.3% (95% CI: 71.4–83.2%), respectively. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:22–27. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early life handling decreases serotonin turnover in the nucleus accumbens and affects feeding behavior of adult rats
Authors: Portella A.K. , Silveira P.P. , Diehl L.A. , Crema L.M. , Clemente Z. , Peres W. , Costa G. , Scorza C. , Quillfeldt J.A. , Dalmaz C. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn our previous studies, we reported that neonatally handled rats have an increased ingestion of sweet food but are resistant to the damaging effects of a chronic exposure to a highly palatable diet. Accumbal serotonin (5‐HT) is important for feeding behavior and plays a role in the vulnerability to diet‐induced obesity. Therefore, our hypotheses were (1) 5‐HT turnover in the nucleus accumbens is altered in neonatally handled animals and plays a role in their differential feeding behavior and (2) if this is so, a chronic pharmacological treatment affecting 5‐HT reuptake (chronic imipramine) would be able to revert the behavioral findings. Litters were divided into nonhandled and handled (10 min/day, Days 1–10 after birth). In Experiment 1, we demonstrated that a decreased 5‐HT metabolism in the nucleus accumbens was observed in adult handled animals. In Experiment 2, the two previous groups were subdivided and assigned to receive imipramine diluted in water or water alone. After 30 days of treatment, we evaluated their weight gain and feeding behavior. Handled rats weighed less than nonhandled rats, and all imipramine‐treated rats showed a reduction in weight gain after 60 days of treatment. Imipramine reverted the increased sweet food consumption seen in neonatally handled rats. We conclude that serotonin is involved in the altered feeding behavior of neonatally handled rats, and this protocol is an important tool for studying the mechanisms by which early life events have a long‐term impact on feeding preferences. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52:190–196, 2010
Uniting couples (in the treatment of) anorexia nervosa (UCAN)
Authors: Bulik Cynthia M. , Baucom Donald H. , Kirby Jennifer S. , Pisetsky Emily 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjective:To describe the development of a novel couple‐based cognitive‐behavioral intervention for adult anorexia nervosa (AN) called Uniting Couples (in the treatment of) Anorexia Nervosa (UCAN).Method:We review the state of the science for the treatment of adult AN, the nature of relationships in AN, our model of couple functioning in AN, and the development of the UCAN intervention.Results:We present the UCAN treatment for patients with AN and their partners and discuss important considerations in the delivery of the intervention.Discussion:With further evaluation, we expect that UCAN will emerge to be an effective, acceptable, disseminable, and developmentally tailored intervention that will serve to improve both core AN pathology as well as couple functioning. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:19–28)