bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional nanoparticles composite for MALDI‐MS: Cd2+‐doped carbon nanotubes with CdS nanoparticles as the matrix, preconcentrating and accelerating probes of microwave enzymatic digestion of peptides and proteins for direct MALDI‐MS analysis
Authors: Shrivas Kamlesh , Wu Hui‐Fen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractFor the first time, we utilized multifunctional nanoparticles composite (NPs composite) for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (MALDI‐MS) analysis of peptides and proteins. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes doped with Cd2+ ions and modified with cadmium sulfide NPs were synthesized by a chemical reduction method at room temperature. The multifunctional NPs composite applied for the analysis of peptides and microwave‐digested proteins in the atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization ion‐trap and MALDI time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was successfully demonstrated. The maximum detection sensitivity for peptides in MALDI‐MS was achieved by the adsorption of negatively charged peptides onto the surfaces of NP composite through electrostatic interactions. The optimal conditions of peptide mixtures were obtained at 20 min of incubation time using 1 mg of NPs composite when the pH of the sample solution was kept higher than the pI values of peptides. The potentiality of the NP composite in the preconcentration of peptides was compared with that of the individual NP by calculating the preconcentration factors (PF) and found that the NPs composite showed a 4–6 times of PF than the other NPs. In addition, the NPs composite was also applied as heat‐absorbing materials for efficient microwave tryptic digestion of cytochrome c and lysozyme from milk protein in MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis. We believe that the use of NPs composite technique would be an efficient and powerful preconcentrating tool for MALDI‐MS for the study of proteome research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective SERS detection of each polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in a mixture of five kinds of PAHs
Authors: Xie Yunfei , Wang Xu , Han Xiaoxia , Song Wei , Ruan Weidong , Liu Junqiu , Zhao Bing , Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper reports the qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules with per‐6‐deoxy‐(6‐thio)‐β‐cyclodextrin (CD‐SH) modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy. For the selective sensing of PAHs, which are environmental pollutants with very low affinity to metallic surfaces, by SERS, a stable substrate with AuNPs and CD‐SH was utilized by supramolecular interaction. Quantitative detection of each PAH was carried out by SERS on inclusion complexes with different concentrations. From the SERS spectra of a mixture of five different PAHs, we could easily distinguish each PAH by its discriminant peaks. In addition, quantitative analysis of one component in a mixture of five PAHs was also investigated. This sensing platform revealed matching relationship between the host and the guest and the host–guest interaction mechanism. The proposed approach for the selective detection of PAHs holds great potential in the detection of environmental organic pollutants. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro analysis of immersed human tissues by Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Bonnier F. , Mehmood A. , Knief P. , Meade A. D. , Hornebeck W. , Lambkin H. , Flynn K. , McDonagh V. , Healy C. , Lee T. C. , Lyng F. M. , Byrne H. J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractRaman microspectroscopy is a powerful tool for the analysis of tissue sections, providing a molecular map of the investigated samples. Nevertheless, data pre‐processing and, particularly, the removal of the broad background to the spectra remain problematic. Indeed, the physical origin of the background has not been satisfactorily determined. Using 785 nm as source in a confocal geometry, it is demonstrated for the example of the protein kappa‐elastin that the background and resulting quality of the recorded spectrum are dependent on the morphology of the sample. Whereas a fine powder yields a dominant broad background, compressed pellets and solution‐cast thin films produce, respectively, improved quality spectra and significantly reduced spectral background. As the chemical composition of the samples is identical, the background is ascribed to stray light due to diffuse scattering rather than an intrinsic photoluminescence.The recorded spectra from a tissue sample exhibit a large and spatially variable background, resulting in poorly defined spectral features. A significant reduction of the background signal as well as improvement of the spectral quality is achieved by immersion of the sample in water and measurement with an immersion objective. The significant improvement in signal to background is attributed to a reduction of the diffuse scattering due to a change in the effective morphology as a result of an improved index matching at the water/tissue interface compared to the air/tissue interface.Compared to sections measured in air, the background is reduced to that of the water, and pre‐processing is reduced to the subtraction of the substrate and water signal and correction for the instrument response, both of which are highly reproducible. Data pre‐processing is thus greatly simplified and the results significantly more reliable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between packaging uniformity and variety seeking
Authors: Roehm Michelle L. , Roehm Harper A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis research explores the effect of product packaging uniformity on variety seeking. It is shown that the incidence of variety seeking is greater in product categories where packaging is similar among competitors, and thus the packaging display has relatively low arousal potential, as compared to categories where the packaging is less uniform across brands and therefore has higher arousal potential. Two experiments test and support these propositions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A UV‐initiated reactive extrusion process for production of controlled‐rheology polypropylene
Authors: He Guangjian , Tzoganakis Costas 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA new reactive extrusion process for the production of controlled‐rheology polypropylene (CRPP) has been developed. Instead of the traditionally used peroxides, this process employs a photoinitiator and an ultraviolet (UV) lamp. Experiments have been carried out in a corotating intermeshing twin‐screw extruder in which after mixing of the photoinitiator with the polypropylene, the melt stream is irradiated for just several seconds over two open barrel sections. Benzophonene (BP) has been used as the initiator and the effects of initiator concentration, polymer flow rate, and reaction temperature have been studied. The CRPP produced have been characterized through rheological measurements, size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Controlled preparation of porous polysulfone monolith via concentrated emulsion templating using an aminated polysulfone as surfactant
Authors: Le Yechen , Zhang Chen , Li Hangquan , Du Zhongjie , Li Congju 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA methodology for preparing porous polysulfone (PSF) monolith via concentrated emulsion templating was proposed. A regular emulsion was first prepared using a solution of PSF in chloroform as the continuous phase and deionized water as the dispersed one. After the emulsion was formed, the liquid species in the emulsion was allowed to be evaporated. The solvent chloroform was first removed and the emulsion was transformed to a concentrated emulsion. Further removing the aqueous species, a porous PSF monolith was obtained. To keep the system stable throughout the process, an aminated polysulfone rather than conventional surfactants was employed. The effects of chloroform and water fractions, the nature and loading of the macromolecular surfactant, the evaporating temperature on the pore structure were investigated. Controlled porous structure with different pore size and porosity could be obtained through the method. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Fatalities and the changing distribution of business types in the United States
Authors: Collins Robert L. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAs businesses in the “Goods Producing” sector moved their operations outside of the United States over the last several decades, relatively higher accident rates went with them. The net result has been a trend towards business types, mostly in the “Service Providing” sector, which have historically lower accident rates. In this article, the author will show that a significant portion of the reductions in fatal occupational accidents over the 16‐year span from 1992 to 2008 in the United States were the result of business trends away from the “Goods Producing” sector towards the “Service Providing” sector. This is not to say that improvements in accident prevention policies and procedures were not a major contributor to reductions in fatal occupational accidents as well. Instead, these policy and program improvements were augmented by the changing distribution of business types in the United States. The net result was a reduction in overall fatal occupational accident rates of ∼ 43.5% with ∼ 23% of this reduction resulting from the changing distribution of business types in the United States. With the limited analysis demonstrated in this article, it is not possible to infer this same effect for other spans of time. It seems likely, however, that any span of years that sees a decrease in the percentage of hours worked in “Goods Producing” sector with a corresponding increase in the percentage of hours worked in “Service Providing” sector would have a decrease in total fatal accidents attributable only to the changing distribution of business types in the United States. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2010.
Preparation and adsorption properties of phospho‐L‐glutamic acid on hydroxyapatite
Authors: Shen Xiao‐qing , Zhou Yuan‐yuan , Chen Xiao‐ping , Tang Ming‐sheng , Li Zhong‐jun 
Published: November 2010

AbstractPhospho‐L‐glutamic acid was successfully prepared by the phosphorylation of glutamic acid, and its adsorption on synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAP) was studied together with glutamic. The adsorption behaviors of both adsorbates were adequately described by a Langmuirian model. From the comparison between two different adsorbates, the results of the investigation indicated that the phosphate group in phospho‐L‐glutamic acid can greatly enhanced the adsorption affinity for HAP, the improvement of which was achieved through replacing the same group on the surface of HAP and interacting with the surface calcium ion of HAP by electrostatic attraction. The results obtained laid the solid foundation for further research on the regulating function of phosphorylated amino acids with hydroxyapatite biological composites. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring biological and psychological measures throughout an entire season in male handball players
Authors: Bresciani Guilherme , Cuevas María J. , Garatachea Nuria , Molinero Olga , Almar Mar , De Paz José A. , Márquez Sara , González‐Gallego Javier 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe aim of this study was to monitor biological markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, mood states, and recovery‐stress states throughout an entire season in male handball players. Fourteen handball players (age 20.1±2.5 years) with a regular training and competitive background in handball (11.0±3.7 years) from the same club volunteered to participate. All participants completed 40 weeks of training. The training load was increased progressively throughout the season. Blood samples were collected and questionnaires were administered during preparatory, competitive, and recovery periods. Blood C‐reactive protein and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentrations increased during periods of high load, while the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) decreased. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in total leukocyte count. Positive correlations were found between C‐reactive protein, GSSG, GSH/GSSG ratio, and training load. No changes were observed in the Total Mood Disturbance score of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). However, scores on some Recovery‐Stress Questionnaire for Athletes subscales, such as Injury, Physical Recovery, and Being in Shape, correlated with training load. Findings indicate that during periods of high training load, handball players developed a low grade of inflammation and oxidative state. Results support the usefulness of monitoring psychological and biological markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and training load during season.
Vertical whole‐body vibrations improve the total volume of a biceps curl set to failure
Authors: Marín Pedro J. , Herrero Azael J. , Zarzosa Fernando , Rhea Matthew R. , García‐López David 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of using whole‐body vibrations exposure during a biceps curl set to failure (70% one‐repetition maximum load) on number of repetitions performed, perceived exertion, as well as velocity‐ and acceleration‐related parameters. Twenty‐three recreationally active students (19 males and 4 females) completed one set of the biceps curl exercise with and without vibration applied. Results indicate that the vibration platform provides additional stimulus for biceps curl performance, enhancing the number of maximal repetitions achieved throughout a set to volitional exhaustion at 70% one‐repetition maximum. These findings suggest that vibration can have a significant influence on exercise performance, even when the stimulus is not applied directly to the muscle group being stressed.
Kinetics of volatile organic compounds during papaya juice fermentation by three commercial wine yeasts
Authors: Lee Pin‐Rou , Yu Bin , Curran Philip , Liu Shao‐Quan 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the potential of papaya juice fermentation and to evaluate the kinetic changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during fermentation by three commercial wine yeasts.Design/methodology/approachLaboratory‐scale fermentations were carried out in papaya juice using three commercial wine yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. bayanus strains EC‐1118 and R2, and S. cerevisiae MERIT.ferm. Brix, pH, optical density and yeast cell count were determined during fermentation. VOCs were analysed by headspace‐solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐flame ionization detector (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS/FID).FindingsDuring fermentation, the three wine yeasts grew actively and showed similar growth patterns. Changes in Brix and pH were similar among the three yeasts. A range of VOCs were produced during fermentation including fatty acids, alcohols, acetaldehyde, esters and acetoin. Esters were the most abundant VOCs produced. Some VOCs indigenous to the papaya juice such as benzaldehyde, β‐damascenone and benzyl isothiocyanate were consumed during fermentation. Some VOCs increased initially, and then decreased during fermentation. Overall, the profiles of VOC changes during fermentation were similar among the three yeasts with some differences observed.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that papaya fermentation with S. cerevisiae yeasts are likely to result in papaya wine with similar flavours. New approaches are required to produce papaya wine with distinct flavours and to enable differentiation of papaya wines by exploiting non‐Saccharomyces yeasts in conjunction with Saccharomyces yeasts and/or by adding selected nitrogen sources.
CALIS, CASHL and library consortium trend in China
Authors: Xu Diqiu 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to provide suggestions and predictions on library consortium development trends in China under new circumstances, as summarised from observations made of CALIS and CASHL.Design/methodology/approachFrom an overview and comparative analyses of the similar and different characteristics of CALIS and CASHL – two of the most influential library consortia in China – mainly on sources of funds, organisational management, cooperative collection development, collection character, resource sharing and services, this paper summarises the main advantages and disadvantages of the consortia to gain valuable insights.FindingsSeven advantages and three disadvantages in CALIS and CASHL are summarised, and from the insights gained, the following suggestions and predictions on library consortium trends in China arise: the cost‐reducing and highly effective models of CALIS and CASHL will be promoted; uniformity and standardisation of construction will earn more respect and be realised; library consortia will develop in the digital library direction; the scope of consortia will be broadened; and different library consortia will move toward integration.Practical implicationsThe advantages and disadvantages of the CALIS and CASHL consortia summarised by this paper, and the suggestions of this paper with regard to trends for library consortia in China provide valuable inspiration and reference for decision‐makers. Library consortium practices in China will develop and change in the directions suggested by this paper.Originality/valueThe comparative analysis of of the characteristics of the CALIS and CASHL consortia characteristics is original. The summary of the main advantages and disadvantages of the two consortia, together with suggestions and predictions regarding the trends for library consortia in China, provide useful references for researchers, the public and decision‐makers in China as well as other countries regarding library consortium experiences and improving and developing consortia.
Internal‐market orientation: a misconceived aspect of marketing theory
Authors: Gounaris Spiros , Vassilikopoulou Aikaterini , Chatzipanagiotou Kalliopi C. 
Published: November 2010

PurposeAlthough many authors argue that practising marketing internally facilitates the implementation of the market orientation concept, systematic empirical research to explore the validity of the argument remains surprisingly scarce. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the relationship between market orientation (MO) and internal‐market orientation (IMO) as well as their joint effect on customer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe findings ground on data collected from dyads of financial services providers and their customers. The former provided the information pertaining to the company's degree of MO and IMO adoption as well as on perceived employee value, while the latter were asked about perceived customer value, perceived service quality and their satisfaction with their provider. In total 127 dyads are employed in the analysis.FindingsThe findings show that MO and IMO are two inter‐related concepts, probably falling under the marketing philosophy umbrella. Through MO adoption, customer perceived value and customer perceived quality of the service increase. Through IMO adoption, the company improves the level of employee perceived value, which also results in higher levels of customer perceived service quality. Interestingly enough, IMO adoption is also found to have a direct impact on customer perceived service quality.Research limitations/implicationsThe major implication from the study is that adopting a market orientation does help improve customer satisfaction but this objective is better served when developing a more holistic view of marketing and trying to simultaneously offer value to other company stakeholders, such as the employees. The major limitation of the study is the focus on services. When it comes to manufactured goods, customers receive significant value from the tangible parts of the product and consequently further investigation is required before any generalization can be made on the basis of the strength of the relationships that this study reveals.Practical implicationsThe most significant implication for practitioners is the need to strike the right balance between the company's internal and external orientation. To achieve this, companies have to invest in integrating the marketing and the human resource functions, in much the same manner in which they attempt to integrate marketing with other company functions that also influence customers' experiences.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to investigate the inter‐relationship and the joint effect of two well established notions, i.e. that between MO and IMO, and thus offers the required support to normative arguments regarding the need to sustain a balance between the company's external and internal focus.
The risk reduction role of advertising in relation to price rigidity
Authors: Chen Guan‐Ru 
Published: November 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between advertising and price rigidity. The result can help marketing managers to launch price promotions on appropriate products.Design/methodology/approachThe approach used in the paper is a rational expectations model. The equilibrium price can provide marketing implications for coordinating strategies of advertising and pricing.FindingsIn the presence of price movements, consumers cannot use the retail price as an efficient predictor because they cannot distinguish whether lower prices reflect lower quality or just greater retail supply. A rational expectations model shows that advertising can reduce the conditional risks resulting from price promotions, while preserving the desired effect of increasing store traffic. Therefore, less price rigidity can be found in products with more advertising expenditure, due to advertising's role in risk reduction.Originality/valueThe link between advertising and price rigidity studied in the research has critical implications for making marketing decisions. Practitioners can use the model to design appropriate marketing strategies regarding advertising and pricing.
Libraries selling withdrawn books on TradeMe
Authors: Calvert Philip James 
Published: November 2010

PurposeSome public libraries have experimented with selling withdrawn books via online auction sites, but there has been little exchange of information about the benefits of this and whether it is a practice other libraries could follow. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachOriginal data are collected through interviews with six practitioners.FindingsAll libraries were using TradeMe for opportunistic reasons. They had withdrawn books to sell and hoped that a national market would realise better prices than in‐house sales. Although prices were usually better, not all books sold and the staff costs were often higher than the revenues brought in.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited to six public libraries in New Zealand.Practical implicationsLibrary managers learn from experience that they can generate some revenue by selling withdrawn books through online auction sites, but only if staff costs are kept down. Partnerships with dealers or interested individuals have potential. Organisations should think about integrating web activity into an e‐commerce strategy.Originality/valueThis is the first thorough assessment of the benefits and drawbacks to the activity of public libraries selling withdrawn books via an online auction site.