bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryptocurrency portfolio optimization: Utilizing a GARCH‐copula model within the Markowitz framework
Authors: Jeleskovic Vahidin , Latini Claudio , Younas Zahid I. , Al‐Faryan Mamdouh A. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe growing interest in cryptocurrencies has brought this new means of exchange to the attention of the financial world. This study aims to investigate the effects that a cryptocurrency can have when it is considered as a financial asset. The analysis is carried out from an ex‐post perspective, evaluating the performance achieved in a certain period by three different portfolios. These are the one composed only of equities, bonds and commodities, the second one only of cryptocurrencies, and the third one is a combination of these both ones and thus made up of all considered “traditional” assets and the most performing cryptocurrency of the second portfolio. For these purposes, the classic variance‐covariance approach is applied where the calculation of the risk structure is done via the GARCH‐Copula and GARCH‐Vine Copula approaches. The optimal weights of the assets in the optimized portfolios are determined through Markowitz optimization problem. The analysis mainly showed that the portfolio composed of cryptocurrency and traditional assets has a higher Sharpe index, from an ex‐post perspective, and more stable performances, from an ex‐ante perspective. We justify our selection of the Markowitz approach over conditional VaR and expected shortfall due to their heightened sensitivity to unsystematic extreme events in crypto markets.
Longitudinal in vivo cationic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography classifies equine articular cartilage injury and repair
Authors: Nelson Brad B. , Mäkelä Janne T. A. , Lawson Taylor B. , Patwa Amit N. , Snyder Brian D. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Grinstaff Mark W. , Seabaugh Kathryn A. , Barrett Myra F. , Goodrich Laurie R. , Kawcak Christopher E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCationic contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) capitalizes on increased contrast agent affinity to the charged proteoglycans in articular cartilage matrix to provide quantitative assessment of proteoglycan content with enhanced images. While high resolution microCT has demonstrated success, we investigate cationic CECT use in longitudinal in vivo imaging at clinical resolution. We hypothesize that repeated administration of CA4+ will have no adverse side effects or complications, and that sequential in vivo imaging assessments will distinguish articular cartilage repair tissue from early degenerative and healthy cartilage in critically sized chondral defects. In an established equine translational preclinical model, lameness and synovial effusion scores are similar to controls after repeated injections of CA4+ (eight injections over 16 weeks) compared to controls. Synovial fluid total protein, leukocyte concentration, and sGAG and PGE2 concentrations and articular cartilage and synovial membrane scores are also equivalent to controls. Longitudinal in vivo cationic CECT attenuation in repair tissue is significantly lower than peripheral to (adjacent) and distantly from defects (remote sites) by 4 weeks (p < 0.001), and this difference persists until 16 weeks. At the 6‐ and 8‐week time points, the adjacent locations exhibit significantly lower cationic CECT attenuation compared with the remote sites, reflecting peri‐defect degeneration (p < 0.01). Cationic CECT attenuation at clinical resolution significantly correlates with cationic CECT (microCT) (r = 0.69, p < 0.0001), sGAG (r = 0.48, p < 0.0001), and ICRS II histology score (r = 0.63, p < 0.0001). In vivo cationic CECT imaging at clinical resolution distinguishes fibrous repair tissue from degenerative and healthy hyaline cartilage and correlates with molecular tissue properties of articular cartilage.
Factors influencing gastrostomy tube feeding duration and nutrition outcomes in pediatric patients with Down syndrome: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Aviles Thomas , Giangiordano Abby , Evelyn Danielle , Liu Chunyan , Dorfman Lev , Kaul Ajay 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundFeeding difficulty is widely recognized in patients with Down syndrome, and many patients require gastrostomy tube (G‐tube) placement for nutrition. No reliable factors have been identified to predict the expected duration of G‐tube feeds in patients with Down syndrome. This descriptive cohort study aimed to determine the factors affecting the duration of G‐tube feeds. We also investigated change in body mass index (BMI) from G‐tube placement to discontinuation.MethodsMedical records of patients with Down syndrome seen by a pediatric gastroenterologist at a tertiary care center between September 1986 and December 2021 were reviewed. Data collection included demographics, anthropometrics, comorbidities, and feeding route. Comparison was performed between patients who discontinued G‐tube feeds and those who did not.ResultsTwo hundred twenty patients (45% female) were included. The median age at G‐tube placement was 5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.2–1.3 years). There were 113 (51%) patients who discontinued G‐tube feeds, after a median duration of 31.6 months (IQR: 15.6–55.7 months). Tracheostomy was the only covariant associated with a longer duration of G‐tube feeds (158 months vs 53 months; P = 0.002). Neither age at G‐tube placement nor any comorbidities were associated with BMI status at discontinuation of G‐tube.ConclusionIn our cohort of patients with Down syndrome, age at placement of G‐tube did not impact the duration of G‐tube feeds. Most patients who had a G‐tube placed were likely to require enteral feeds for at least 1 year. Those who had a tracheostomy needed their G‐tube for a longer time.
Safflower protein as a potential plant protein powder: optimization of extraction and spray‐drying process parameters and determination of physicochemical and functional properties
Authors: Korkmaz Fatma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe research about sustainable and alternative plant protein sources has accelerated with the increasing need for protein. Safflower meal has a potential to be used in protein production due to its high protein content. This research aimed to produce an alternative plant‐based protein powder using safflower meal. Both extraction and spray‐drying parameters of safflower protein powder production were optimized using response surface methodology to achieve maximum yield. Moreover, the physicochemical and functional properties of safflower protein were determined and compared with those of commercial protein powders (soy, sunflower, pea, fava bean, and rice).RESULTSThe optimum extraction conditions were found to be 33.06:1 mL−1 g solvent‐to‐meal ratio, pH 11.00, 23.34 °C extraction temperature, and 30.86 min extraction time, which were achieved with a protein yield response of 75.21%. The highest powder yield (51.28%) was recorded for drying conditions of inlet air temperature of 160.11 °C, aspiration rate of 54.17 m3 h−1, and feed flow rate of 16.01 mL min−1. According to the amino acid profile of safflower protein, the glutamic acid content (14 475 mg (100 g)−1) was highest, while the methionine content (96 mg (100 g)−1) was lowest. Moreover, safflower protein can be regarded as a high‐quality protein due to its high essential amino acid ratio (41.55%). The experiments showed that safflower protein had high solubility and good foam and emulsifying properties.CONCLUSIONSafflower protein could be a nutritional and functional protein source for the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Melatonin protects zebrafish pancreatic development and physiological rhythms from sodium propionate‐induced disturbances via the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis
Authors: Xu Yixin , Zhang Shuhui , Bao Yehua , Luan Jialu , Fu Zhenhua , Sun Mingzhu , Zhao Xin , Feng Xizeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe widespread use of sodium propionate as a preservative in food may affect public health. We aimed to assess the effects of sodium propionate on circadian rhythms and pancreatic development in zebrafish and the possible underlying mechanisms.RESULTSIn this experiment, we analyzed the relationship between circadian rhythms and pancreatic development and then revealed the role of the thyroid endocrine system in zebrafish. The results showed that sodium propionate interfered with the rhythmic behavior of zebrafish, and altered the expression of important rhythmic genes. Experimental data revealed that pancreatic morphology and developmental genes were altered after sodium propionate exposure. Additionally, thyroid hormone levels and key gene expression associated with the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis were significantly altered. Melatonin at a concentration of 1 μmol L−1, with a mild effect on zebrafish, observably alleviated sodium propionate‐induced disturbances in circadian rhythms and pancreatic development, as well as regulating the thyroid system.CONCLUSIONMelatonin, while modulating the thyroid system, significantly alleviates sodium propionate‐induced circadian rhythm disturbances and pancreatic developmental disorders. We further revealed the deleterious effects of sodium propionate as well as the potential therapeutic effects of melatonin on circadian rhythm, pancreatic development and the thyroid system. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Critical roles and clinical perspectives of RNA methylation in cancer
Authors: Li Ganglei , Yao Qinfan , Liu Peixi , Zhang Hongfei , Liu Yingjun , Li Sichen , Shi Yuan , Li Zongze , Zhu Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRNA modification, especially RNA methylation, is a critical posttranscriptional process influencing cellular functions and disease progression, accounting for over 60% of all RNA modifications. It plays a significant role in RNA metabolism, affecting RNA processing, stability, and translation, thereby modulating gene expression and cell functions essential for proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Increasing studies have revealed the disruption in RNA metabolism mediated by RNA methylation has been implicated in various aspects of cancer progression, particularly in metabolic reprogramming and immunity. This disruption of RNA methylation has profound implications for tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy response. Herein, we elucidate the fundamental characteristics of RNA methylation and their impact on RNA metabolism and gene expression. We highlight the intricate relationship between RNA methylation, cancer metabolic reprogramming, and immunity, using the well‐characterized phenomenon of cancer metabolic reprogramming as a framework to discuss RNA methylation's specific roles and mechanisms in cancer progression. Furthermore, we explore the potential of targeting RNA methylation regulators as a novel approach for cancer therapy. By underscoring the complex mechanisms by which RNA methylation contributes to cancer progression, this review provides a foundation for developing new prognostic markers and therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating RNA methylation in cancer treatment.
Pathophysiological significance and modulation of the transient receptor potential canonical 3 ion channel
Authors: Boda Vijay K. , Yasmen Nelufar , Jiang Jianxiong , Li Wei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) protein belongs to the TRP family of nonselective cation channels. Its activation occurs by signaling through a G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) and a phospholipase C‐dependent (PLC) pathway. Perturbations in the expression of TRPC3 are associated with a plethora of pathophysiological conditions responsible for disorders of the cardiovascular, immune, and central nervous systems. The recently solved cryo‐EM structure of TRPC3 provides detailed inputs about the underlying mechanistic aspects of the channel, which in turn enables more efficient ways of designing small‐molecule modulators. Pharmacologically targeting TRPC3 in animal models has demonstrated great efficacy in treating diseases including cancers, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Despite extensive scientific evidence supporting some strong correlations between the expression and activity of TRPC3 and various pathophysiological conditions, therapeutic strategies based on its pharmacological modulations have not led to clinical trials. The development of small‐molecule TRPC3 modulators with high safety, sufficient brain penetration, and acceptable drug‐like profiles remains in progress. Determining the pathological mechanisms for TRPC3 involvement in human diseases and understanding the requirements for a drug‐like TRPC3 modulator will be valuable in advancing small‐molecule therapeutics to future clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the origin and activation mechanism of TRPC3 channels, diseases associated with irregularities in their expression, and new development in small‐molecule modulators as potential therapeutic interventions for treating TRPC3 channelopathies.
The value of microvascular breast reconstruction: Cost equivalence of TRAM and DIEP flaps implications in the era of CMS reforms
Authors: Foppiani Jose A. , Hernandez Alvarez Angelica , Kim Erin J. , Escobar‐Domingo Maria J. , Taritsa Iulianna C. , Schuster Kirsten A. , Lee Daniela , Ho Olivia A. , Rinker Brian , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent CMS billing changes have raised concerns about insurance coverage for deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction. This study compared the costs and utilization of transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM), DIEP, and latissimus dorsi (LD) flaps in breast reconstruction.MethodThe study utilized the National Inpatient Sample database to identify female patients who underwent DIEP, TRAM, and LD flap procedures from 2016 to 2019. Key data such as patient demographics, length of stay, complications, and costs (adjusted to 2021 USD) were analyzed, focusing on differences across the flap types.ResultsA total of 17,770 weighted patient encounters were identified, with the median age being 51. The majority underwent DIEP flaps (73.5%), followed by TRAM (14.2%) and LD (12.1%) flaps. The findings revealed that DIEP and TRAM flaps had a similar length of stay (LOS), while LD flaps typically had a shorter LOS. The total hospital charges to costs using cost‐to‐charge ratio were also comparable between DIEP and TRAM flaps, whereas LD flaps were significantly less expensive. Factors such as income quartile, primary payer of hospitalization, and geographic region significantly influenced flap choice.ConclusionThe study's results appear to contradict the prevailing notion that TRAM flaps are more cost‐effective than DIEP flaps. The total hospital charges to costs using cost‐to‐charge ratio and hospital stays associated with TRAM and DIEP flaps were found to be similar. These findings suggest that changes in the insurance landscape, which may limit the use of DIEP flaps, could undermine patient autonomy while not necessarily reducing healthcare costs. Such policy shifts could favor less costly options like the LD flap, potentially altering the landscape of microvascular breast reconstruction.
High‐resolution 1H‐MRSI at 9.4 T by integrating relaxation enhancement and subspace imaging
Authors: Wang Yizun , Saha Urbi , Rubakhin Stanislav S. , Roy Edward J. , Smith Andrew M. , Sweedler Jonathan V. , Lam Fan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAchieving high‐resolution and high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in vivo metabolic imaging via fast magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has been a longstanding challenge. This study combines the methods of relaxation enhancement (RE) and subspace imaging for the first time, enabling high‐resolution and high‐SNR in vivo MRSI of rodent brains at 9.4 T. Specifically, an RE‐based chemical shift imaging sequence, which combines a frequency‐selective pulse to excite only the metabolite frequencies with minimum perturbation of the water spins and a pair of adiabatic pulses to spatially localize the slice of interest, is designed and evaluated in vivo. This strategy effectively shortens the apparent T1 of metabolites, thereby increasing the SNR during relatively short repetition time ((TR) compared with acquisitions with only spatially selective wideband excitations, and does not require water suppression. The SNR was further enhanced via a state‐of‐the‐art subspace reconstruction method. A novel subspace learning strategy tailored for 9.4 T and RE acquisitions is developed. In vivo, high‐resolution (e.g., voxel size of 0.6 × 0.6 × 1.5 mm3) MRSI of both healthy mouse brains and a glioma‐bearing mouse brain in 12.5 min has been demonstrated.
MoS2/graphene dispersed 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid grafted polyarylene ether of di‐phenylenedi‐acetal high temperature‐proton exchange membrane fuel cell application
Authors: Senthil Theerthagiri , Natesan Goworiboy , Natarajan Prathap , Kannaiyan Dinakaran 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA polyaryleneether has been synthesized from bis‐(4‐cholorophenyl)di‐acetal (DPDA) monomer with bisphenol A and allyl bisphenol‐A. The copolymer was then functionalized with 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid through radical grafting (SPAE/DPDA). The successfully synthesized SPAE/DPDA polymer was validated by using FTIR and NMR. Secondly, a composite nanostructure of MoS2/GNS nanosheet has been prepared and characterized using PXRD, FE‐SEM, and HR‐TEM. The composite membrane casted with SPAE/DPDA and varying weight percentage of 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% MoS2/GNS nanosheet, has been characterized for ion exchange capacity (IEC), water stability (WU), swelling properties (SR), oxidative stability, and proton conductivity (PC).The MoS2/GNS dispersed SPAE/DPDA polymer nanocomposites membrane showed a chemical degradation of 22.56% and proton conductivity (PC) of 2.5 × 10−2 S/cm at 110°C. The results show that these membranes have high proton conductivity and can be used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs).
Effectiveness of double cutout on lateral buckling analysis of fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Bulut Mehmet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLateral buckling, an essential mechanical phenomenon observed in composite beams subjected to specific external loads and boundary conditions, is influenced by various factors including cutout dimension, shape, position, and beam thickness in woven fabric laminated composite cantilever beams. The investigation focused on examining the lateral buckling behavior of beams containing two square or circular cutouts and comparing the experimental critical buckling loads of beams without any cutouts, which yielded results demonstrating a significant level of agreement. Through the experimental analysis, it was determined that square cutouts exhibit superior lateral buckling behavior when compared to circular cutouts.Highlights
The effects of cutout shapes on lateral buckling analysis on fiber reinforced composites.
The effects of cutout location on lateral buckling load on fiber reinforced composites.
Comparison of the lateral buckling performances of fiber reinforced composites in relation to the type and position of cutouts.
Population decline and public attitudes toward multicultural immigration policies in South Korea
Authors: Choi Sangwon , Song Jingyeong , Kwon Daeyoung , Kim Brian H. S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPopulation decline due to low fertility and aging causes socioeconomic challenges such as a shrinking labour force and regional decline. In response to these challenges, there is a growing discussion about accepting immigrants to mitigate the side effects of population decline. This implies the importance of analyzing local peoples' perceptions as a basis of policy and planning in anticipation of demographic transitions toward a multicultural society. While there are many studies on local problems caused by depopulation and perceptions of immigrants based on contact theory and group threat theory, there has been relatively little research on the relationship between depopulation and individual perceptions of immigrants. This study fills this gap by using survey data of Seoul, Korea, the city experiencing both population decline and an increase in immigrants. It employs the multilevel ordered logit model to explore how the decrease in local population associates with individuals' perception on the need for multicultural immigration policies. The results suggest that individuals are more likely to have a positive view of multicultural immigration policies if their region is experiencing a higher population decline. This finding is significant as it demonstrates that a shift to an unfavourable demographic structure can have a positive impact on perceptions of immigrant acceptance, offering a new perspective on the relationship between immigrants and native residents.
Assessment for operational assimilation of horizontal line of sight winds from the European Space Agency's Aeolus at the Met Office
Authors: Halloran Gemma , Forsythe Mary 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe European Space Agency's Aeolus satellite was launched in August 2018 and began delivering horizontal line‐of‐sight (HLOS) wind observations in early September 2018. In early 2019, the Met Office began assessing the suitability of the HLOS winds for operational assimilation into its global numerical weather prediction system. We performed a number of assimilation experiments to assess the impact of HLOS wind observations on our global forecasts. We have found that assimilating HLOS winds changes the zonal winds in the analysis fields predominantly in the Tropics and Southern Hemisphere, with the largest changes being in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. This has a positive impact on the accuracy of the global weather forecasts, with improvements in the root‐mean‐square error seen throughout the troposphere. Assimilation of Aeolus HLOS winds improves the standard deviation of the observation minus background (a 6 hr forecast) of almost all other observation types, suggesting that the numerical weather prediction model analysis is improved, which consequently improves the 6 hr forecast. In a set of short‐period observation denial experiments, we found that assimilating Aeolus has an impact similar in magnitude to assimilating surface winds from scatterometers. Assimilating winds from the Rayleigh channel has approximately three times the impact that assimilating HLOS winds from the Mie channel does. Both channels contribute a measureable improvement to the global forecast, and we therefore started operational assimilation of winds from the Mie channel in December 2020 and the Rayleigh channel operationally in May 2022.
Efficient CO Oxidative Coupling to Dimethyl Oxalate over the Pd/Al2O3 Nanocatalyst with the Assistance of Co Doping
Authors: Li Bing , Zhu Jiaming , Huang Ziqing , Jia Bingjiang , Guo Bolin , Liu Jingyi , Zhang Qing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCO oxidative coupling to dimethyl oxalate (DMO) is an important approach for the product of ethylene glycol and CO elimination. In this work, the Co doped Pd/Al2O3 nanocatalyst was highly effective for CO oxidative coupling and enhanced remarkably CO conversion and the formation of DMO. The maximum DMO STY reached 1082 g L−1 h−1 over the Pd/Al2O3@1/20Co catalyst at 130 °C for 2 h under the space velocity of 3000 h−1, which is two times higher than that over the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst. The Co modification and its influence on the structure of the Pd/Al2O3 catalyst were also studied systematically by XRD, TEM, CO‐TPD, N2 physical adsorption and XPS techniques. An appropriate Co doing was confirmed to promote distinctly the generation of smaller Pd particles and the adjustment of the adsorption or activation of CO over the catalyst. A positive interaction between Pd nanoparticles and the modulated support with Co doping was demonstrated and favored the enhanced activity of the catalyst for the reaction.