bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Hip Disease in the Systemic Arthritis Subtype of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: BATTHISH MICHELLE , FELDMAN BRIAN M. , BABYN PAUL S. , TYRRELL PASCAL N. , SCHNEIDER RAYFEL 
Published: February 2011

Objective.Hip involvement occurs in 20%–40% of all cases of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Patients with systemic JIA (sJIA) are affected most frequently. The aim of our study was to investigate the predictors of clinical hip disease and radiographic hip damage in sJIA.Methods.The medical records (1997–2007) of all children (n = 98) with sJIA were reviewed. Potential clinical and laboratory predictors were examined at presentation and at 3 and 6 months. To account for censored observations, we used survival analysis.Results.During the study period, 59 children met our inclusion criteria. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.8 years. Thirty patients (51%) developed clinical hip disease, with 12 (20%) developing radiographic evidence of hip damage. The median time to develop clinical hip disease was 24 months. Using Kaplan-Meier estimates, 25% of patients develop radiographically evident hip damage within 43 months. At presentation, patients in whom clinical hip disease later developed had polyarthritis (hazard ratio 2.51, p = 0.01), elevated IgG (HR 1.12, p = 0.01) and IgM (HR 2.71, p = 0.02), and higher CHAQ scores (HR 1.65, p = 0.02). At 3 months after disease onset, patients in whom radiographic hip damage later developed had fever (HR 4.78, p = 0.02), polyarthritis (HR 4.63, p = 0.02), and higher CHAQ scores (HR 3.20, p = 0.005). At 6 months, polyarthritis was the strongest predictor of both clinical hip disease and radiographic hip damage.Conclusion.Half of patients with sJIA develop clinical hip disease a median time of 24 months from diagnosis. Early identification of predictors of hip disease and damage in patients with sJIA may suggest earlier, more aggressive interventions to prevent joint destruction.
Remote Electro-Analytical Laboratory
Authors: Satsangee Soami , Mohd Rehan , Gandhi Ratnanjali 
Published: February 2011

Remote Laboratories are web based distance learning laboratories that have immense potential to disseminate technology in the area of practical science. These laboratories can be accessed through Internet.
In the present paper, we will be discussing our experiences in setting up a remote analytical laboratory at our center. Further, we will discuss remote experiments in the area of electro-analytical chemistry & colorimetry and their role in strengthening the system of science education.
Open‐Ended, N‐Doped Carbon Nanotube–Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures as High‐Performance Catalyst Support
Authors: Lv Ruitao , Cui Tongxiang , Jun Mun‐Suk , Zhang Qiang , Cao Anyuan , Su Dang Sheng , Zhang Zhengjun , Yoon Seong‐Ho , Miyawaki Jin , Mochida Isao , Kang Feiyu 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA hierarchical N‐doped carbon nanotube‐graphene hybrid nanostructure (NCNT‐GHN), in which the graphene layers are distributed inside the CNT inner cavities, was designed to efficiently support noble metal (e.g., PtRu) nanoparticles. Well‐dispersed PtRu nanoparticles with diameters of 2–4 nm were immobilized onto these NCNT‐GHN supports by a low‐temperature chemical reduction method without any pretreatment. Compared to conventional CNTs and commercial catalysts. a much better catalytic performance was achieved by a synergistic effect of the hierarchical structure (graphene‐CNT hybrid) and electronic modulation (N‐doping) during the methanol electrooxidation reaction. Improved single‐cell performances with long‐term stability are also demonstrated using NCNT‐GHN as catalyst support.
High‐Resolution Near‐Field Optical Investigation of Crystalline Domains in Oligomeric PQT‐12 Thin Films
Authors: Kuehn Sergei , Pingel Patrick , Breusing Markus , Fischer Thomas , Stumpe Joachim , Neher Dieter , Elsaesser Thomas 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe structure and morphology on different length scales dictate both the electrical and optical properties of organic semiconductor thin films. Using a combination of spectroscopic methods, including scanning near‐field optical microscopy, we study the domain structure and packing quality of highly crystalline thin films of oligomeric PQT‐12 with 100 nanometer spatial resolution. The pronounced optical anisotropy of these layers measured by polarized light microscopy facilitates the identification of regions with uniform molecular orientation. We find that a hierarchical order on three different length scales exists in these layers, made up of distinct well‐ordered dichroic areas at the ten‐micrometer‐scale, which are sub‐divided into domains with different molecular in‐plane orientation. These serve as a template for the formation of smaller needle‐like crystallites at the layer surface. A high degree of crystalline order is believed to be the cause of the rather high field‐effect mobility of these layers of 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1, whereas it is limited by the presence of domain boundaries at macroscopic distances.
Block Copolymer Permeable Membrane with Visualized High‐Density Straight Channels of Poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Yamamoto Takashi , Kimura Taro , Komura Motonori , Suzuki Yukimitsu , Iyoda Tomokazu , Asaoka Sadayuki , Nakanishi Haruyuki 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA simple fabrication, scalable to centimeter scale, of a permeable membrane made of block copolymer containing molecular transport channels is demonstrated by coating photo‐crosslinkable liquid‐crystalline block copolymer, consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(methacrylate) (PMA) bearing stilbene (Stb) mesogens in the side chains (PEO114‐b‐PMA(Stb)52), onto a sacrificial cellulose acetate film substrate. After thermal annealing, perpendicularly aligned and hexagonally arranged PEO cylindrical domains with a surface density of 1011 cm−2 were formed and then fixed efficiently by photo‐crosslinking the stilbene moieties in the PMA(Stb) domains by [2 + 2] dimerization. The fully penetrating straight PEO cylindrical domains across the 480‐nm‐thick membrane were well‐defined and visualized as molecule‐transport channels. After exfoliated by removal of the cellulose acetate layer, the membrane could be transferred onto another substrate by either scooping or a horizontal lifting method. Throughout the processes, the fully penetrating PEO channels across the membrane are preserved to open at both ends. A simple permeation experiment demonstrates that rhodamine dyes permeate efficiently through the PEO cylindrical channels of the annealed membrane but not across a non‐annealed one.
High Photoconductive Responsivity in Solution‐Processed Polycrystalline Organic Composite Films
Authors: Hernandez‐Sosa Gerardo , Coates Nelson. E , Valouch Sebastian , Moses Daniel 
Published: February 2011

AbstractWe demonstrate a novel approach for enhancing photoconductive responsivity (R) using a solution‐based organic semiconductor composite that yields R approaching 25 AW−1, which is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the R in films comprising a single molecular component. We present extensive studies of photoconductivity, photoluminescence, and crystalline structural order that elucidate the mechanisms underlying this high photoconductive responsivity. The high R is found to arise from high photoconductive gain (82) due to a long mobile hole lifetime stemming from a prolonged occupation of electrons in deep traps generated at interfacial regions between the molecular crystallites.
Single Molecule Electronic Devices
Authors: Song Hyunwook , Reed Mark A. , Lee Takhee 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSingle molecule electronic devices in which individual molecules are utilized as active electronic components constitute a promising approach for the ultimate miniaturization and integration of electronic devices in nanotechnology through the bottom‐up strategy. Thus, the ability to understand, control, and exploit charge transport at the level of single molecules has become a long‐standing desire of scientists and engineers from different disciplines for various potential device applications. Indeed, a study on charge transport through single molecules attached to metallic electrodes is a very challenging task, but rapid advances have been made in recent years. This review article focuses on experimental aspects of electronic devices made with single molecules, with a primary focus on the characterization and manipulation of charge transport in this regime.
Reducing the energy demand of corn‐based fuel ethanol through salt extractive distillation enabled by electrodialysis
Authors: Hussain Mohammed A. M. , Anthony Jennifer L. , Pfromm Peter H. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe thermal energy demand for producing fuel ethanol from the fermentation broth of a contemporary corn‐to‐fuel ethanol plant in the U.S. is largely satisfied by combustion of fossil fuels, which impacts the possible economical and environmental advantages of bioethanol over fossil fuels. To reduce the thermal energy demand for producing fuel ethanol, a process integrating salt extractive distillation—enabled by a new scheme of electrodialysis and spray drying for salt recovery—in the water‐ethanol separation train of a contemporary corn‐to‐fuel ethanol plant is investigated. Process simulation using Aspen Plus® 2006.5, with the electrolyte nonrandom two liquid Redlich‐Kwong property method to model the vapor liquid equilibrium of the water‐ethanol‐salt system, was carried out. The integrated salt extractive distillation process may provide a thermal energy savings of about 30%, when compared with the contemporary process for separating fuel ethanol from the beer column distillate. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Magnetic resonance imaging to measure concentration profiles of solutes diffusing in stagnant beds of cellulosic fibers
Authors: Tozzi E. J. , Lavenson D. M. , McCarthy M. J. , Powell R. L. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe evolution of the concentration profiles of an adsorbing solute diffusing in a stagnant bed of cellulosic fibers is measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Effective diffusivities are calculated by matching concentration profiles with a numerical model of one‐dimensional Fickian diffusion. The measured values of the effective diffusion coefficients are interpreted using a model that accounts for the porosity, tortuosity, and adsorption equilibrium constant. The effective diffusivities in fiber beds are significantly lower than the bulk diffusivity of the solute and highly dependent on fiber type. The diffusivity is lower for the fiber type that exhibited stronger adsorption properties. The influence of concentration, adsorption, and other fiber characteristics on diffusion rates and rates of reaction is discussed. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Mortality among workers at a municipal waste incinerator
Authors: Gustavsson Per 
Published: February 2011

AbstractMortality was investigated among 176 male workers employed for at least 1 year between 1920 and 1985 at a municipal waste incinerator. Expected numbers of deaths from 1951 to 1985 were calculated from national and local death rates, standardized for age and calendar year. There was an excess of deaths from lung cancer and, after long follow‐up, for ischemic heart disease. Analysis of duration of exposure supported that the excess of ischemic heart disease was caused by occupational factors; the lung cancer cases were too few to permit conclusions in this respect. Exposure to combustion products and polycyclic aromatic compounds were common, but other occupational exposures may also have contributed to the risk excesses. Smoking habits were investigated and did not differ from the average for Swedish men in cities and towns. Some work operations are very dusty and should be performed only with appropriate protection devices.
Medical surveillance of hazardous waste workers: Ability of laboratory tests to discriminate exposure
Authors: Favata Elissa Ann , Gochfeld Michael 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste sites has become a growth industry. Unlike traditional factory employment, chemical exposures on wastes sites are likely to involve uncharacterized mixtures. Medical surveillance of hazardous waste workers has become a major preventive strategy. To evaluate the effectiveness of the traditional laboratory tests employed in most surveillance programs, we compared test results in two groups of hazardous waste workers (409 males, 68 females) with responsibilities for the assessment and management of waste sites. We stratified employees into a group with a high potential for exposure (“exposed”) and a group with a low potential for exposure (“unexposed”). Fifty‐five clinical chemistry, hematologic, and urinalysis variables were contrasted using an analysis of variance. The only consistently significant difference was a low mean corpuscular volume in the “exposed” group. The lack of other significant findings suggests that either the true exposure status of individuals was not reflected in our classification or that the traditional tests were inappropriate or insensitive. We conclude that it is essential to evaluate surveillance results carefully and to develop protocols that are appropriate to the actual exposures encountered in hazardous waste work.
Mortality comparisons of chemical workers hired before, during, and after World War II (1941–1945)
Authors: Bond Gregory G. , Lipps Thomas E. , Cook Ralph R. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractCause‐specific mortality was evaluated by period of hire for 37,682 male chemical workers in order to test the hypothesis that employees hired during World War II (1941–1945) were at increased risk for selected causes of death. One recent study of refinery workers reported that those hired during the war years had experienced greater mortality from external causes (accidents, homicides, and suicides), alcoholism, and cancers of several sites relative to employees hired before or after the war. In the present study, employees were divided into three period‐of‐hire subcohorts: prior to 1941, 1941–1945 (World War II), and 1946 and after. Comparison of observed mortality among these subcohorts through 1982 was made with expected levels based on age‐ and calendar year‐specific U.S. white male rates. Neither hourly nor salaried employees hired during the war showed evidence of higher mortality from homicide, suicide, alcoholism, or any of the selected cancer types suggested from the refinery study. Hourly, but not salaried, war years new hires experienced excessive mortality from only those accidents involving motor vehicles. Possible reasons for the discrepant findings between this and the earlier study of refinery workers are discussed, with methodological differences being dismissed.
Occipital Ossification of Balaenopteroid Mysticetes
Authors: Walsh Breda M. , Berta Annalisa 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThe bones of the posterior portion of the mammalian skull often exhibit incomplete ossification of the joints between the bones at the time of birth, with complete ossification at some point after birth. The sequence of ossification of these joints in mysticetes can be used to characterize the relative age in the calf and early juvenile ontogenetic stages. This study examined occipital joints ossification of 38 dry prepared neonate specimens in four mysticete species from two families (Eschrichtiidae: Eschrichtius robustus; Balaenopteridae: Balaenoptera acutorostrata, Balaenoptera physalus, and Megaptera novaeangliae). Each of the joints responsible for the fusion of the occiput were examined and rated for degree of ossification. The cranial ossification analysis indicates that E. robustus calves have open occipital joints until ∼6 months of age and are born at a less mature stage than closely related balaenopterids. All of the species followed the same sequence of ossification: basioccipital/exoccipital joint, followed by the basioccipital/basisphenoid joint, and completed by the supraoccipital/exoccipital joint. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aminocarbonyl Arylvinylbenzamides as Gastric Sparing Anti‐inflammatory Agents
Authors: Khadse Saurabh C. , Talele Gokul S. , Agrawal Surendra S. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractSome (E/Z)‐aminocarbonyl arylvinylbenzamides (B1–B15) were synthesized, evaluated for anti‐inflammatory activity and ulcerogenic tendency, and their effect on gastro‐intestinal motility in the rats was studied. These benzamides comprising of aliphatic unsaturated region situated between two amide linkages were synthesized by nucleophilic ring opening of appropriate azlactones (AZ1–AZ4) by suitable amines. The characterization of newly synthesized benzamides was performed by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, mass and elemental analysis. Amongst the tested compounds, benzamide B1, B2, B4, B5, and B13 were able to produce comparable or superior anti‐inflammatory activity at 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o. dose with respect to standard diclofenac in carrageenan induced rat paw edema model with lessened propensity to cause gastro‐intestinal hypermotility and were found to have nil tendencies to generate gastric ulcers.
Quality‐structure index: A new metric to measure scientific journal influence
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Liu Xu , Xu Yunjie (Calvin) , Wang Youwei 
Published: February 2011

AbstractAn innovative model to measure the influence among scientific journals is developed in this study. This model is based on the path analysis of a journal citation network, and its output is a journal influence matrix that describes the directed influence among all journals. Based on this model, an index of journals' overall influence, the quality‐structure index (QSI), is derived. Journal ranking based on QSI has the advantage of accounting for both intrinsic journal quality and the structural position of a journal in a citation network. The QSI also integrates the characteristics of two prevailing streams of journal‐assessment measures: those based on bibliometric statistics to approximate intrinsic journal quality, such as the Journal Impact Factor, and those using a journal's structural position based on the PageRank‐type of algorithm, such as the Eigenfactor score. Empirical results support our finding that the new index is significantly closer to scholars' subjective perception of journal influence than are the two aforementioned measures. In addition, the journal influence matrix offers a new way to measure two‐way influences between any two academic journals, hence establishing a theoretical basis for future scientometrics studies to investigate the knowledge flow within and across research disciplines.
Technical efficiency analysis of shippers using DEA
Authors: Pattanamekar Parichart , Kim Chansung , Park Dongjoo , Lee Kangdae 
Published: February 2011

AbstractThis study evaluated the technical efficiency of shippers using data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques. The data including 7365 shipping firms in Korea collected from the 2005 commodity flow survey were used in the analysis. Several DEA models were applied to determine efficiency scores based on both input‐ and output‐orientations which each includes variable returns, constant returns, and non‐increasing returns models. Accordingly, the technical and scale efficiency scores of each evaluated shipper in the same industry were measured and the best‐practice firms for each industry were identified. Further, in order to handle the number of observed decision units and the diversity of data, the paper performed the cluster‐base analysis, including industry‐, business‐, and spatial‐based, to identify the effectiveness of the cluster‐based DEA in estimating the efficiency score. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral clefts and maternal biomarkers of folate‐dependent one‐carbon metabolism in utah
Authors: Munger Ronald G. , Tamura Tsunenobu , Johnston Kelley E. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Pfister Roxane , Cutler Richard , Murtaugh Maureen A. , Carey John C. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDMaternal folate intake and related biomarkers have been inconsistently associated with a risk of oral clefts.METHODSMaternal concentrations of plasma folate (PF) and erythrocyte folate (EF), plasma pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate (PLP; active vitamin B6) and total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) were measured in a Utah study with 347 cases and 469 controls.RESULTSRisk of all clefts combined, including cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CP), was 65% lower in the highest versus lowest PF quartile (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23–0.53; p‐trend < 0.001). Results remained significant in the subgroups with isolated CL/P and CP (p‐trend < 0.001 in each). EF results were similar. In the highest versus lowest PLP quartile, risk of CP with other malformations was lower (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07–0.95); however, no other associations were significant for PLP or tHcy. Differences in mean biomarker levels between cases and controls widened with an increasing interval between delivery and maternal blood collection. Decreased cleft risk with increasing quartiles of PF, EF, and PLP and decreasing tHcy was more apparent in mothers with a longer versus shorter interval between the index child delivery and blood collection.CONCLUSIONLow maternal blood folate concentration was associated with an increased risk of clefts, and the differences in mean case and control PF, EF, PLP, and tHcy concentrations widened over time. Additional mechanistic studies are warranted to elucidate whether an acquired or inherited disorder of folate metabolism plays a role in the etiology of clefts. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of common variants in ERBB4 with congenital left ventricular outflow tract obstruction defects
Authors: McBride Kim L. , Zender Gloria A. , Fitzgerald–Butt Sara M. , Seagraves Nikki J. , Fernbach Susan D. , Zapata Gladys , Lewin Mark , Towbin Jeffrey A. , Belmont John W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) defects aortic valve stenosis (AVS), coarctation of the aorta (COA), and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) represent an embryologically related group of congenital cardiovascular malformations. They are common and cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Prior evidence suggests a strong genetic component in their causation.METHODSWe selected NRG1, ERBB3, and ERBB4 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway as candidate genes for investigation of association with LVOT defects based on the importance of this pathway in cardiac development and the phenotypes in knockout mouse models. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was performed on 343 affected case‐parent trios of European ancestry.RESULTSWe identified a specific haplotype in intron 3 of ERBB4 that was positively associated with the combined LVOT defects phenotype (p = 0.0005) and in each anatomic defect AVS, COA, and HLHS separately. Mutation screening of individuals with an LVOT defect failed to identify a coding sequence or splice site change in ERBB4. RT‐PCR on lymphoblastoid cells from LVOT subjects did not show altered splice variant ratios among those homozygous for the associated haplotype.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest ERBB4 is associated with LVOT defects. Further replication will be required in separate cohorts to confirm the consistency of the observed association. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.