bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of the Hybrid and EnSRF Analysis Schemes in the Presence of Model Errors due to Unresolved Scales
Authors: Wang Xuguang , Hamill Thomas M. , Whitaker Jeffrey S. , Bishop Craig H. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A hybrid analysis scheme is compared with an ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) analysis scheme in the presence of model errors as a follow-up to a previous perfect-model comparison. In the hybrid scheme, the ensemble perturbations are updated by the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) and the ensemble mean is updated with a hybrid ensemble and static background-error covariance. The experiments were conducted with a two-layer primitive equation model. The true state was a T127 simulation. Data assimilation experiments were conducted at T31 resolution (3168 complex spectral coefficients), assimilating imperfect observations drawn from the T127 nature run. By design, the magnitude of the truncation error was large, which provided a test on the ability of both schemes to deal with model error. Additive noise was used to parameterize model errors in the background ensemble for both schemes. In the first set of experiments, additive noise was drawn from a large inventory of historical forecast errors; in the second set of experiments, additive noise was drawn from a large inventory of differences between forecasts and analyses. The static covariance was computed correspondingly from the two inventories. The hybrid analysis was statistically significantly more accurate than the EnSRF analysis. The improvement of the hybrid over the EnSRF was smaller when differences of forecasts and analyses were used to form the random noise and the static covariance. The EnSRF analysis was more sensitive to the size of the ensemble than the hybrid. A series of tests was conducted to understand why the EnSRF performed worse than the hybrid. It was shown that the inferior performance of the EnSRF was likely due to the sampling error in the estimation of the model-error covariance in the mean update and the less-balanced EnSRF initial conditions resulting from the extra localizations used in the EnSRF.
A Conceptual Model for the Influence of TUTT Cells on Tropical Cyclone Motion in the Northwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Patla Jason E. , Stevens Duane , Barnes Gary M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Eleven (10 Pacific, 1 Atlantic) tropical cyclones (TCs), which include typhoons/hurricanes and tropical storms, are examined using the latest 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) dataset and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) best-track data to determine if and how tropical upper-tropospheric trough (TUTT) cells influence TC tracks. This type of interaction has led to rather large TC track forecast errors at 72 h (2000+ km) in the northwest Pacific and is often ignored or poorly forecast due to inadequate numerical model TUTT cell predictions. Ten selected cases out of the initial 25 potential Pacific cases exhibited a “nonstandard” TC track; a TUTT cell was the sole large-scale transient feature within 2000 km of the TC’s center, and the TC intensity was &gt;17 m s−1. The circulations’ separation distance, orientation, intensity, and TUTT cell’s closed circulation size are critical characteristics in determining the likelihood of a TUTT cell influencing a TC track. Interactions occur at distances greater than 1700 km, continue for periods from 24 to 48 h, and occur 2–3 times per year in the NW Pacific.
Examination of the TC’s tropospheric winds’ deep layer mean (100–1000 hPa), and upper (100–500 hPa), middle (300–850 hPa), and lower (500–1000 hPa) layers, along with various quadrants of the upper layer, demonstrate a link between the TUTT cell’s wind field and the nonstandard TC tracks. A conceptual model of how a TUTT cell can influence TC track is presented. The model provides decision-grade operational guidance for TC forecasters using pattern recognition scenarios. Application of the conceptual model at the JTWC is currently under way.
Deterministic Ensemble Forecasts Using Gene-Expression Programming*
Authors: Bakhshaii Atoossa , Stull Roland 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA method called gene-expression programming (GEP), which uses symbolic regression to form a nonlinear combination of ensemble NWP forecasts, is introduced. From a population of competing and evolving algorithms (each of which can create a different combination of NWP ensemble members), GEP uses computational natural selection to find the algorithm that maximizes a weather verification fitness function. The resulting best algorithm yields a deterministic ensemble forecast (DEF) that could serve as an alternative to the traditional ensemble average.Motivated by the difficulty in forecasting montane precipitation, the ability of GEP to produce bias-corrected short-range 24-h-accumulated precipitation DEFs is tested at 24 weather stations in mountainous southwestern Canada. As input to GEP are 11 limited-area ensemble members from three different NWP models at four horizontal grid spacings. The data consist of 198 quality controlled observation–forecast date pairs during the two fall–spring rainy seasons of October 2003–March 2005.Comparing the verification scores of GEP DEF versus an equally weighted ensemble-average DEF, the GEP DEFs were found to be better for about half of the mountain weather stations tested, while ensemble-average DEFs were better for the remaining stations. Regarding the multimodel multigrid-size “ensemble space” spanned by the ensemble members, a sparse sampling of this space with several carefully chosen ensemble members is found to create a DEF that is almost as good as a DEF using the full 11-member ensemble. The best GEP algorithms are nonunique and irreproducible, yet give consistent results that can be used to good advantage at selected weather stations.
Dimensionality and Typology of Perfectionism: The Use of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale With Chinese Gifted Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan David W. 
Published: April 2009

This study investigated the dimensionality and typology of perfectionism based on the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with a sample of 380 Chinese gifted students in Hong Kong. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a five-dimensional model that includes constructs of personal standards, parental expectations, parental criticism, concern over mistakes and doubts, and organization. Clustering procedures yielded three clusters of students interpreted as unhealthy perfectionists, healthy perfectionists, and nonperfectionists. Unhealthy perfectionists had pervasively high scores on all five dimensions, healthy perfectionists scored high on standards and organization and low on parental criticism and concern over mistakes and doubts, and nonperfectionists had pervasively low scores on all five dimensions. Implications of the findings for future research on perfectionism and the promotion of positive perfectionism are discussed. Putting the Research to Use: The study promotes a better appreciation of the distinction between positive and negative perfectionism and the reality of the different types of perfectionists. With this view, educators, teachers, and parents should be careful to avoid assuming that all perfectionistic tendencies are dysfunctional or all perfectionists are maladaptive or unhealthy. More important, education practitioners should encourage students to strive for excellence with mastery goals of learning. In addition, students should not only be helped to set high standards and meet challenging goals with good planning and organization, they should also learn to recognize their own limitations and to appreciate that mistakes and failures are normal, informative, and situation specific. To promote positive perfectionism among students, this study suggests that one effective means might lie in efforts to enhance emotional intelligence through, for example, promoting emotional literacy or emotion-focused interventions.
Mental Health Social Work and Nursing in the USA and the UK: Divergent Paths Coming Together?
Authors: Beinecke Richard H. , Huxley Peter J. 
Published: April 2009

Background: When the mental health systems of the UK and the USA are compared, one of the most striking differences is that social workers are the largest professional group in the USA and community nurses the largest in the UK. Aim and Method: This paper examines the history of the development of both professional groups in both countries, and their education and training. Results: Demand, supply and economic factors are important influences and reasons for these differences. Conclusions: Both professions have critical future workforce roles, but further consideration needs to be given to the extent to which their skills and values overlap in order to inform future workforce planning, and to reduce the extent to which the workforce pattern in both countries risks being over-determined by supply issues.
Psychotic Symptoms and General Health in a Socially Disadvantaged Migrant Community in Bologna
Authors: Tarricone Ilaria , Atti Anna Rita , Salvatori Federica , Braca Mauro , Ferrari Silvia , Malmusi Davide , Berardi Domenico 
Published: April 2009

Background and aims: Social exclusion and reduced access to community health services can lead to urgent health problems among immigrants; this may explain their increasing rate of admittance to psychiatric inpatient units. This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the prevalence of psychotic symptoms among Romanian immigrants living in very poor conditions at an abandoned hotel in Bologna and to highlight the possible correlation with general health status, distress and socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: The Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) were administered to all immigrants residing at the hotel during two index days with the help of a cultural mediator. Socio-demographic, migration and health characteristics were also collected. Results: Sixty eight subjects were evaluated. More than 80% had left Romania for economic reasons. Of immigrants, 57% exceeded the four-point GHQ-12 threshold of potential mental disorder and 19% scored positively at the PSQ. Immigrants with positive PSQ showed higher mean GHQ-12 scores (5.9 ± 3.5 vs. 3.8 ± 2.75; p = 0.02). The development of post-migration health problems significantly predicts positive PSQ cases even after adjusting for age, sex and GHQ-12 dichotomized score ( OR = 21.2, CI = 1.1—169.4). Conclusion: This community of immigrants living in deprived conditions showed a high prevalence of distress and psychotic symptoms, related to health problems. Preventing excess of psychosis among immigrants and ethnic minorities in critical socio-economic conditions should mean, first and foremost, facilitating social integration and access to primary care.
Mental Disability and Discriminatory Practices: Effects of Social Representations of the Mexican Population
Authors: Mariana Espinola-Nadurille , Guadalupe Delgado 
Published: April 2009

Background: The prevalence of mental disorders in Mexico is 26.1%. This shows that an important percentage of the population suffers from mental disability. Despite this the country's healthcare system does not provide the least acceptable standard of care for the mentally disabled. Aims: The aim of this study was to describe the general population's social representations of the disabled and analyze their relationship with the discriminatory practices from the state towards the mentally ill with respect to their right to health. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the First National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico. In the survey 1,437 effective interviews that comprised a representative sample, were obtained from people aged 18 to 60 living in rural and urban settings. The response rate was 76.5%. The assessment tool was a self-administered questionnaire that yielded perceptions, attitudes, values and social representations about discrimination towards groups of people that supposedly were targets of discrimination by the general population. In the survey the mentally ill were included under disability. As a secondary analysis of the survey for the purpose of this study, we selected a subset of questions that provided important information about social representations of the general Mexican population towards persons with disabilities. The general population's social representations of the disabled were analyzed. Results: The disabled are the second group after the elderly perceived as the most discriminated and neglected and bearing more suffering. A whole set of negative representations concerning the disabled, such as lack of acceptance and respect, low self-confidence, mistreatment, incomprehension, isolation, intolerance, indifference and bad attitudes from others, were elicited. Conclusions: Social representations are social correspondents of the discriminatory practices that the state exerts toward the mentally ill with respect to their right to health. These representations serve to maintain, naturalize and legitimize these practices. All sectors of society should make an effort to change the negative social representations towards this vulnerable section of society.
Employment Status, Duration of Residence and Mental Health Among Skilled Migrants To New Zealand: Results of a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pernice Regina , Trlin Andrew , Henderson Anne , North Nicola , Skinner Monica 
Published: April 2009

Aims: To report findings on employment, duration of residence and mental health from a longitudinal study of 107 skilled immigrants to New Zealand from the People's Republic of China, India and South Africa. Methods: Demographic and employment data were collected by face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire that included (as the mental health instrument) the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). The initial interview took place after the immigrants had been resident in New Zealand for an average of five months. Four subsequent interviews were conducted annually (1999—2002) on or about the anniversary of the first interview. Results and Conclusion: Rather than an initial euphoric period followed by a mental health crisis, the results indicated poor mental health status in the first two years irrespective of employment status. Thereafter, mental health slightly improved as did employment rates. A surprising result was that although the South Africans had the highest employment rate, there were neither substantial mental health differences among the three groups nor was there a significant improvement during the course of the longitudinal study.
Satisfied Carers of Persons With Enduring Mental Illness: Who and Why?
Authors: Kartalova-O'Doherty Yulia , Tedstone Doherty Donna 
Published: April 2009

Background: This secondary mixed-methods analysis was based on the interview data collected for an exploratory study of the experiences and needs of carers of persons with enduring mental illness. The aims were to identify and describe socio-demographic and contextual factors associated with the satisfaction of carers with family support. Method: Content analysis and non-parametric tests were used for the exploration of qualitative and quantitative data collected from 38 carers. Results: The majority of the satisfied carers were male and from a higher socio-economic group than other carers. The ill relatives of all satisfied participants resided outside their family homes. Carer satisfaction was associated with such categories as: a caring service; supportive and unintrusive family relationships; being accepted as partners; supportive community; and suitable family services. All the identified categories were interrelated. Conclusions: The identified categories and socio-demographic factors should be considered for inclusion in the planning and evaluation of family support services.
Parenting Support and PTSD in Children of a War Zone
Authors: Thabet A.A. , Ibraheem A.N. , Shivram R. , Winter E.A. , Vostanis P. 
Published: April 2009

Background: The protective role of parenting factors on the mental well-being of children exposed to war trauma remains an under-researched area. Aim: To establish the relationship between perceived positive parenting support and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in children exposed to war trauma. Methods: A random sample of 412 children aged 12—16 years was selected from the Gaza Strip and was assessed using the Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist (GTEC), the SCID (DSM-IV) and the Perceived Parenting Support Scale (PPSS). Results: Palestinian children were exposed to different types of war-traumatic events. The number of exposed traumatic events was independently associated with the severity of post-traumatic symptoms scores or the diagnosis of PTSD, while perceived parenting support was found to act as a protective factor in this association. Conclusions: Interventions in war zones need to ensure the minimal possible disruption to communities and family units, and to involve parents in preventive or treatment programmes for children exposed to trauma.
The molecular basis of hepcidin-resistant hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Fernandes Augustine , Preza Gloria C. , Phung Yen , De Domenico Ivana , Kaplan Jerry , Ganz Tomas , Nemeth Elizabeta 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The interaction between the hormone hepcidin and the iron exporter ferroportin (Fpn) regulates plasma iron concentrations. Hepcidin binds to Fpn and induces its internalization and degradation, resulting in decreased iron efflux from cells into plasma. Fpn mutations in N144, Y64N, and C326 residue cause autosomal dominant disease with parenchymal iron overload, apparently due to the resistance of mutant Fpn to hepcidin-mediated internalization. To define the mechanism of resistance, we generated human Fpn constructs bearing the pathogenic mutations. The mutants localized to the cell surface and exported iron normally, but were partially or completely resistant to hepcidin-mediated internalization and continued to export iron despite the presence of hepcidin. The primary defect with exofacial C326 substitutions was the loss of hepcidin binding, which resulted in the most severe phenotype. The thiol form of C326 was essential for interaction with hepcidin, suggesting that C326-SH homology is located in or near the binding site of hepcidin. In contrast, N144 and Y64 residues were not required for hepcidin binding, but their mutations impaired the subsequent internalization of the ligand-receptor complex. Our observations explain why the mutations in C326 Fpn residue produce a severe form of hemochromatosis with iron overload at an early age.
IL-15 produced and trans-presented by DCs underlies homeostatic competition between CD8 and γδ T cells in vivo
Authors: Do Jeong-su , Min Booki 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Homeostatic mechanism by which peripheral T-cell subsets are maintained in vivo remains largely unknown. Using a T-cell proliferation model under lymphopenic settings, we now demonstrate that γδ T cells limit CD8 T-cell expansion but not the initial proliferation after transfer into lymphopenic recipients. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) produced by and trans-presented on the membrane of the CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) is the key factor that mediates homeostatic competition between CD8 and γδ T cells, revealing previously unrecognized IL-15–dependent homeostatic mechanisms between different T-cell subsets in vivo.
POINeT: protein interactome with sub-network analysis and hub prioritization
Authors: Lee Sheng-An , Chan Chen-Hsiung , Chen Tzu-Chi , Yang Chia-Ying , Huang Kuo-Chuan , Tsai Chi-Hung , Lai Jin-Mei , Wang Feng-Sheng , Kao Cheng-Yan , Huang Chi-Ying F 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are critical to every aspect of biological processes. Expansion of all PPIs from a set of given queries often results in a complex PPI network lacking spatiotemporal consideration. Moreover, the reliability of available PPI resources, which consist of low- and high-throughput data, for network construction remains a significant challenge. Even though a number of software tools are available to facilitate PPI network analysis, an integrated tool is crucial to alleviate the burden on querying across multiple web servers and software tools.

Results
We have constructed an integrated web service, POINeT, to simplify the process of PPI searching, analysis, and visualization. POINeT merges PPI and tissue-specific expression data from multiple resources. The tissue-specific PPIs and the numbers of research papers supporting the PPIs can be filtered with user-adjustable threshold values and are dynamically updated in the viewer. The network constructed in POINeT can be readily analyzed with, for example, the built-in centrality calculation module and an integrated network viewer. Nodes in global networks can also be ranked and filtered using various network analysis formulas, i.e., centralities. To prioritize the sub-network, we developed a ranking filtered method (S3) to uncover potential novel mediators in the midbody network. Several examples are provided to illustrate the functionality of POINeT. The network constructed from four schizophrenia risk markers suggests that EXOC4 might be a novel marker for this disease. Finally, a liver-specific PPI network has been filtered with adult and fetal liver expression profiles.

Conclusion
The functionalities provided by POINeT are highly improved compared to previous version of POINT. POINeT enables the identification and ranking of potential novel genes involved in a sub-network. Combining with tissue-specific gene expression profiles, PPIs specific to selected tissues can be revealed. The straightforward interface of POINeT makes PPI search and analysis just a few clicks away. The modular design permits further functional enhancement without hampering the simplicity. POINeT is available at http://poinet.bioinformatics.tw/.
Most parsimonious haplotype allele sharing determination
Authors: Cai Zhipeng , Sabaa Hadi , Wang Yining , Goebel Randy , Wang Zhiquan , Xu Jiaofen , Stothard Paul , Lin Guohui 
Published: April 2009

Abstract

Background
The "common disease – common variant" hypothesis and genome-wide association studies have achieved numerous successes in the last three years, particularly in genetic mapping in human diseases. Nevertheless, the power of the association study methods are still low, in particular on quantitative traits, and the description of the full allelic spectrum is deemed still far from reach. Given increasing density of single nucleotide polymorphisms available and suggested by the block-like structure of the human genome, a popular and prosperous strategy is to use haplotypes to try to capture the correlation structure of SNPs in regions of little recombination. The key to the success of this strategy is thus the ability to unambiguously determine the haplotype allele sharing status among the members. The association studies based on haplotype sharing status would have significantly reduced degrees of freedom and be able to capture the combined effects of tightly linked causal variants.

Results
For pedigree genotype datasets of medium density of SNPs, we present two methods for haplotype allele sharing status determination among the pedigree members. Extensive simulation study showed that both methods performed nearly perfectly on breakpoint discovery, mutation haplotype allele discovery, and shared chromosomal region discovery.

Conclusion
For pedigree genotype datasets, the haplotype allele sharing status among the members can be deterministically, efficiently, and accurately determined, even for very small pedigrees. Given their excellent performance, the presented haplotype allele sharing status determination programs can be useful in many downstream applications including haplotype based association studies.