bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate are strongly correlated with haematocrit, but variably restored by red blood cell transfusions
Authors: Selim Samy , Sunkara Manjula , Salous Abdelghaffar K. , Leung Steve W. , Berdyshev Evgeny V. , Bailey Alison , Campbell Charles L. , Charnigo Richard , Morris Andrew J. , Smyth Susan S. 
Published: August 2011

Anaemia and RBC (red blood cell) transfusion may be associated with worse clinical outcomes, especially with longer blood storage duration prior to transfusion. The mechanisms underlying these harmful effects are unknown. RBCs have been proposed to buffer plasma S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate), a lysophospholipid essential for the maintenance of endothelial integrity and important in the regulation of haematopoietic cell trafficking. The present study examined the effect of anaemia, RBC transfusion and RBC storage duration on plasma S1P levels. Plasma S1P from 30 individuals demonstrated a linear correlation with Hct (haematocrit; R2=0.51, P&lt;0.001) with no evidence for a plateau at Hct values as low as 19%. RBC transfusion in 23 anaemic patients with baseline mean Hct of 22.2±0.34% (value is the mean±S.D.) increased Hct to 28.3±0.6% at 72 h. Despite an Hct increase, RBC transfusion failed to elevate plasma S1P consistently. A trend towards an inverse correlation was observed between RBC storage duration and the post-transfusion increase in plasma S1P. After 30 days of storage, RBC S1P decreased to 19% of that observed in fresh (3–7-day-old) RBC segments. RBC membranes contain low levels of both S1P phosphatase and S1P lyase activities that may account for the decline in S1P levels with storage. Our results support a role for RBCs in buffering plasma S1P and identify a disturbance in the capacity after transfusion. Changes in S1P content may contribute to an RBC storage lesion. Further studies should investigate the clinical significance of alterations in circulating S1P levels and the potential value of enriching stored RBCs with S1P.
Trophic Relations of Introduced Flathead Catfish in an Atlantic River
Authors: Baumann Jessica R. , Kwak Thomas J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris is a large piscivore that is native to the Mississippi and Rio Grande river drainages but that has been widely introduced across the United States. River ecologists and fisheries managers are concerned about introduced flathead catfish populations because of the negative impacts on native fish communities or imperiled species associated with direct predation and indirect competition from this apex predator. We studied the trophic relations of introduced flathead catfish in an Atlantic river to further understand the effects on native fish communities. Crayfish (Astacidea) occurred most frequently in the flathead catfish diet, while sunfish Lepomis spp. comprised the greatest percentage by weight. Neither of two sympatric imperiled fish species (the federally endangered Cape Fear shiner Notropis mekistocholas and the Carolina redhorse Moxostoma sp., a federal species of concern) was found in any diet sample. An ontogenetic shift in diet was evident when flathead catfish reached about 300 mm, and length significantly explained the variation in the percent composition by weight of sunfish and darters Etheostoma and Percina spp. Flathead catfish showed positive prey selectivity for taxa that occupied similar benthic microhabitat, highlighting the importance of opportunistic feeding and prey encounter rates. Flathead catfish displayed a highly variable diel feeding chronology during July, when they had a mean stomach fullness of 0.32%, but then showed a single midday feeding peak during August (mean fullness = 0.52%). The gastric evacuation rate increased between July (0.40/h) and August (0.59/h), as did daily ration, which more than doubled between the 2 months (3.06% versus 7.37%). Our findings increase the understanding of introduced flathead catfish trophic relations and the degree of vulnerability among prey taxa, which resource managers may consider in fisheries management and conservation of native fish populations and imperiled species.
Effects of the Big Five personality dimensions on appraisal coping, and coping effectiveness in sport
Authors: Kaiseler Mariana , Polman Remco C. J. , Nicholls Adam R. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this study, we examined the influence of the Big Five personality dimensions (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience) on the appraisal (intensity, control) of a self‐selected stressor, coping, and perceived coping effectiveness. Participants were 482 athletes (305 males, 177 females) who played a variety of sports. Results indicate that the Big Five dimensions influenced coping selection, coping effectiveness, stress intensity, and perceived control of the stressors, but not the type of self‐selected stressor. In particular, Neuroticism predicted higher stressor intensity and Agreeableness lower stressor intensity. Neuroticism predicted lower perceived stressor control and Conscientiousness higher perceived stressor control. Higher levels of Neuroticism were directly and indirectly associated with more emotion and avoidance coping strategies and less problem‐focused coping strategies. The other four personality dimensions were also associated with the selection of coping strategies that were perceived to be effective. This study provides support for the notion that the Big Five personality dimensions directly influence appraisal, coping, and coping effectiveness among the sample. Coping was also influenced indirectly by personality through the appraisal process. The Neuroticism dimension was found to be associated with the selection of less adaptive coping strategies and lower levels of reported coping effectiveness. The other four personality dimensions were associated with more adaptive coping strategies that were rated as effective.
Post‐exercise ingestion of different amounts of protein affects plasma insulin concentration in humans
Authors: Morifuji Masashi , Aoyama Tomoko , Nakata Ai , Sambongi Chiaki , Koga Jinichiro , Kurihara Kunihiko , Kanegae Minoru , Suzuki Katsuhiko , Higuchi Mitsuru 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe synergistic stimulating effect of combined intake of carbohydrate and protein on plasma insulin concentration has been reported previously. However, it remains unclear whether the amount of protein ingested after exercise affects the concentrations of plasma insulin and amino acids. This study of trained men compared the effects of post‐exercise co‐ingestion of carbohydrate plus different amounts of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) with carbohydrate alone on (1) blood biochemical parameters of carbohydrate metabolism during the post‐exercise phase, and (2) endurance performance. Eight trained men exercised continuously for 70 min. Immediately after exercise and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min later, the participants received supplements containing: (1) 17.5 g carbohydrate, (2) 3.0 g WPHs and 17.5 g carbohydrate (L‐WPH), or (3) 8.0 g WPHs and 17.5 g carbohydrate (H‐WPH). After a 2‐h recovery period, the participants performed an endurance performance test. The concentrations of blood glucose were lower and plasma insulin significantly higher in the H‐WPH trial compared with the carbohydrate trial. The concentrations of plasma amino acids were increased in a dose‐dependent manner following ingestion of different amounts of WPHs with carbohydrate. Endurance performance was not significantly different between the three trials. Co‐ingestion of carbohydrate and H‐WPH was more effective than ingestion of carbohydrate alone for stimulating insulin secretion and increasing the availability of plasma amino acids. These results suggest that plasma concentrations of amino acids during the recovery period are determined by the amount of dietary protein ingested, and that it is necessary to increase the concentration of plasma amino acids above a certain level to stimulate insulin secretion.
Gendering physical education: The role of the French State in the aftermath of the First World War
Authors: Terret Thierry 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe Great War contributed greatly to challenge the gender order in France, a context that resulted in both a crisis of masculinity and a certain freedom of women. As a reaction, men and women were redefined in the aftermath of the First World War according to traditional gender expectations. This return to tradition was especially reflected in the new official discourse on physical education. Between 1919 and 1927, the so‐called “French Method of Physical Education” was written by the Military School of Joinville‐Le‐Pont and immediately imposed on the State school system for all French pupils. Consisting of three large volumes, the “French Method” offers an excellent tool to explore how the French State redefined the gender relations and presented ideal models of masculinity and femininity. The issue is of particular interest because the “French Method” became compulsory for almost half a century in France and was largely disseminated throughout the world.
Should the U.S. National School Lunch Program continue its in‐kind food benefit? A school district‐level analysis of funding efficiency and equity
Authors: Peterson Cora , Le Grand Julian 
Published: August 2011

AbstractFor over 65 years, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has purchased commodity foods for the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) in an effort to support both schools and food producers. Based on data from 339 Minnesota school districts from 2001–2008, this research examined whether the NSLP's in‐kind food program is an efficient and equitable way to fund school food services. Multivariate models suggested that the program is inefficient, though offered limited insight into district‐level factors that affected utilization of commodity funding, and therefore offered less clear conclusions about equity. It was estimated that districts obtained just $0.60 in commodity food value given a $1 increase in available commodity funding over the years observed, and that the commodity program's system of “reconciled” and “rollover” funding accounted for much of this discrepancy. Based on these results, it is recommended that a cash benefit replace the NSLP's current in‐kind food benefit for schools.
Counter-comment on: Cadrin et al. (2010) “Population structure of beaked redfish, Sebastes mentella: evidence of divergence associated with different habitats. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1617–1630.”
Authors: Cadrin Steven X. , Mariani Stefano , Pampoulie Christophe , Bernreuther Matthias , Daníelsdóttir Anna Kristín , Johanssen Torild , Kerr Lisa , Nedreaas Kjell , Reinert Jákup , Sigurðsson Þorsteinn , Stransky Christoph 
Published: August 2011

AbstractCadrin, S. X., Mariani, S., Pampoulie, C., Bernreuther, M., Daníelsdóttir, A. K., Johansen, T., Kerr, L., Nedreaas, K., Reinert, J., Sigurðsson, Þ., and Stransky, C. 2011. Counter-comment on: Cadrin et al. (2010) “Population structure of beaked redfish, Sebastes mentella: evidence of divergence associated with different habitats. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1617–1630.” – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2016–2018. A one-stock hypothesis for S. mentella in the Irminger Sea was rejected in favour of one involving depth-segregated stock structure based on the best scientific information available, including recent genetic results. The depth-based hypothesis is maintained and supported, despite the criticisms by Makhrov et al. (2011), which can all be explained and refuted.
Dynamical magnetoelectric effects in multiferroic oxides
Authors: Tokura Yoshinori , Kida Noriaki 
Published: August 2011

Multiferroics with coexistent ferroelectric and magnetic orders can provide an interesting laboratory to test unprecedented magnetoelectric (ME) responses and their possible applications. One such example is the dynamical and/or resonant coupling between magnetic and electric dipoles in a solid. As examples of such dynamical ME effects, (i) the multiferroic domain wall dynamics and (ii) the electric dipole active magnetic responses are discussed with an overview of recent experimental observations.
Job satisfaction and intention to leave: a questionnaire survey of hospital nurses in Shanghai of China
Authors: Liu Cui , Zhang Lingjuan , Ye Wenqin , Zhu Jianying , Cao Jie , Lu Xiaoying , Li Fengping 
Published: August 2011

Aim.  To explore nurses’ views and experiences regarding job satisfaction and their intention to leave in Shanghai.Background.  The widespread nursing shortage and nurses’ high turnover rate has become a global issue. Job satisfaction is the most consistent predictor of nurses’ intention to leave and has been reported as explaining most of the variance on their intention to leave.Design.  A cross‐sectional survey.Methods.  A convenience sample of nurses was recruited from 19 large general hospitals in Shanghai and the research assistants distributed 2850 questionnaires to nurses. The response rate of this study was 78·95%, and 2250 nurses completed the questionnaire.Results.  Regarding the overall job satisfaction, 50·2% nurses were dissatisfied and 40·4% nurses reported that they had intention to leave the current employment. Respondents’ characteristics had an impact on job satisfaction and their intention to leave. The results showed that age, marital status, work experience, overall job satisfaction, job satisfaction: extrinsic rewards, interaction, praise/recognition and control/responsibility were significant factors contributing to nurses’ intention to leave.Conclusions.  The finding may be a cause of concern for hospital management and highlights the importance of the two concepts (job satisfaction and intention to leave) in Shanghai. Innovative and adaptable managerial interventions need to be taken to improve nurses’ job satisfaction and to strengthen their intention to stay.Relevance to clinical practice.  Our findings outline some issues contributing to these problems and provide nurse administrators with information regarding specific influences on nurses’ job satisfaction and intention to leave in Shanghai and innovative and adaptable managerial interventions that are needed. Our findings may also provide direction for nurse managers and healthcare management to implement strategies to improve nurses’ job satisfaction and their intention to stay.
A pressure ulcer prevention programme specially designed for nursing homes: does it work?
Authors: Kwong Enid W‐Y , Lau Ada T‐Y , Lee Rainbow L‐P , Kwan Rick Y‐C 
Published: August 2011

Aim.  The aim of this study was to evaluate a pressure ulcer prevention programme for nursing homes to ascertain the feasibility of its implementation, impact on care staff and outcomes for pressure ulcer knowledge and skills and pressure ulcer reduction.Background.  No pressure ulcer prevention protocol for long‐term care settings has been established to date. The first author of this study thus developed a pressure ulcer prevention programme for nursing homes.Design.  A quasi‐experimental pretest and post‐test design was adopted.Methods.  Forty‐one non‐licensed care providers and eleven nurses from a government‐subsidised nursing home voluntarily participated in the study. Knowledge and skills of the non‐licensed care providers were assessed before, immediately after and six weeks after the training course, and pressure ulcer prevalence and incidence were recorded before and during the protocol implementation. At the end of the programme implementation, focus group interviews with the subjects were conducted to explore their views on the programme.Results.  A statistically significant improvement in knowledge and skills scores amongst non‐licensed care providers was noted. Pressure ulcer prevalence and incidence rates dropped from 9–2·5% and 2·5–0·8%, respectively, after programme implementation. The focus group findings indicated that the programme enhanced the motivation of non‐licensed care providers to improve their performance of pressure ulcer prevention care and increased communication and cooperation amongst care staff, but use of the modified Braden scale was considered by nurses to increase their workload.Conclusion.  A pressure ulcer prevention programme for nursing homes, which was feasible and acceptable, with positive impact and outcome in a nursing home was empirically developed.Relevance to clinical practice.  The study findings can be employed to modify the programme and its outcomes for an evaluation of effectiveness of the programme through a randomised controlled trial.
Validation of an automated wireless system to monitor sleep in healthy adults
Authors: SHAMBROOM JOHN R. , FÁBREGAS STEPHAN E. , JOHNSTONE JACK 
Published: August 2011

SummaryThe availability of a reliable system to record sleep stage measures easily and automatically in ambulatory settings could be of utility for research and clinical work. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel wireless system (WS) that does not require skilled preparation for the automatic collection and scoring of human sleep. Twenty‐nine healthy adults underwent concurrent sleep measurement via the WS, polysomnography (PSG) and an actigraph (ACT) in a sleep laboratory for one assessment night preceded by an acclimation night. The PSG recordings were scored by two experienced trained technicians from separate laboratories. Each recording was scored by both technicians to Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K) criteria. The WS and ACT were compared with each of the PSG scores and a consensus PSG score, and the PSG scores were compared with each other. Inter‐rater agreement was assessed for each pair over all pooled epochs by percentage agreement, Cohen’s kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient. The WS agreement with each of the two PSG scores for sleep stages was 75.8 and 74.7%, respectively. WS agreement with each of the two PSG scores for sleep/wakefulness was 92.6 and 91.1%, ACT agreement with PSG was 86.3 and 85.7%. The PSG scorers’ agreement with each other for sleep stages was 83.2%, and for sleep/wakefulness was 95.8%. The findings from the current study indicate that the WS may provide an easy to use and accurate complement to other established technologies for measuring sleep in healthy adults.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of protamine zinc recombinant human insulin in healthy dogs
Authors: CLARK M. , THOMASETH K. , HEIT M. , HOENIG M. 
Published: August 2011

Clark, M., Thomaseth, K., Heit, M., Hoenig, M. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of protamine zinc recombinant human insulin in healthy dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 342–350.Protamine zinc insulins are generally considered to be long acting, with slow absorption from subcutaneous tissue. Protamine zinc recombinant human insulin (PZIR) may be useful to treat diabetic dogs. The purpose of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of PZIR in dogs. PZIR was administered subcutaneously to 10 healthy Beagles using an incomplete crossover design, at doses of 0.3 or 0.5 U/kg (each n = 5), 0.8 U/kg (n = 10), or 0.8 U/kg at three separate sites (n = 6). Insulin and glucose concentrations were measured over 24 h. The shapes of insulin and glucose curves were variable among dogs, and the relationship between insulin dose, concentration, and glucose‐lowering effect was nonlinear. For single‐site 0.8 U/kg, median (range) onset of action was 3.5 h (0.5–10 h), time to glucose nadir was 14 h (5 to >24 h), and duration of action was >24 h (16 to >24 h). Mathematical model predictions of times to 50% and 90% insulin absorption, and fraction of insulin absorbed in 24 h, were not significantly different among protocols. Results confirm the tendency toward a late onset and long duration of action for PZIR in dogs. This insulin may be an alternative treatment option for diabetic dogs.
Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on acetylcholine‐induced contractions of jejunal smooth muscle in horses
Authors: TEIXEIRA‐NETO F. J. , McDONELL W. N. , BLACK W. D. , HARRIS W. , GROVUM L. 
Published: August 2011

Teixeira‐Neto, F. J., McDonell, W. N., Black, W. D., Harris, W., Grovum, L. Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on acetylcholine‐induced contractions of jejunal smooth muscle in horses.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 313–318.This study investigated the effects of a muscarinic type 1 (M1), 2 (M2), and 3 (M3) antagonists (4‐DAMP, pirenzepine, and methoctramine, respectively) on acetylcholine (Ach)‐induced contractions of longitudinal jejunal muscle strips of horses. Strips were irrigated with Krebs‐Henseleit solution gassed with 95% O2and 5% CO2, and the developed tension in response to Ach was recorded before and after incubation with increasing concentrations of 4‐DAMP (10−8–10−6 m), pirenzepine (10−6–10−4 m), and methoctramine (10−5–10−3 m). When competitive antagonism was characterized, the affinity constant (pA2) was calculated by Schild plots. A parallel rightward shift in the concentration–response curves was observed after 4‐DAMP and pirenzepine. Methoctramine presented a dual effect on the concentration–response curves: lower concentrations induced a parallel rightward shift without altering the maximum intensity of contraction (Emax), while the highest concentration increased slope of the concentration–response curve and increased Emax. The pA2for 4‐DAMP and pirenzepine was 9.18 and 7.13, respectively. Acetylcholine‐induced contractions of longitudinal jejunal smooth muscle are mediated mainly via M3receptors. The complex role of M2receptors in jejunal smooth muscle contractions was evident because methoctramine potentiated the contractile response to higher doses of Ach.
Costs of interventions for AIDS orphans and vulnerable children
Authors: Santa‐Ana‐Tellez Yared , DeMaria Lisa M. , Galárraga Omar 
Published: August 2011

SummaryObjective  To review the published and grey literature for information regarding the costs and cost‐effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the welfare of orphans and vulnerable children owing to HIV/AIDS in low‐ and middle‐income countries.Method  We carried out a search of the peer‐reviewed literature through PubMed, EconLit, and Web of Science for the period January 2000 to December 2010. We also extensively reviewed the grey literature through generalized web searches and consultations with experts and searches of the web pages of the main organizations active in providing services to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). The search yielded 216 articles; cross‐sectional or longitudinal studies and articles that did not address specific interventions were not considered. The remaining 21 articles were categorized by domain and by type of intervention strategy.Results  All studies reviewed were carried out in sub‐Saharan Africa. All outcomes are expressed as cost per child per year (in 2010 USD). Foster care estimates range from $614 to $1921. Educational support for primary school ranged from $30 to $75. Health interventions that would ensure child survival can be delivered for about $55.Conclusion  More research is needed to improve planning and delivery of interventions for OVC. The paucity of cost and cost‐effectiveness data reflects the limited number of effectiveness studies. Nevertheless, this systematic literature review shows evidence that suggests that in the area of housing, foster care appears to be more cost effective than institutional care (orphanages).