bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for cooperation support between discussion space and activity space in collaborative learning and its experimental evaluation
Authors: Tilwaldi Dilmurat , Kaneko Shigeto , Hosomura Tsukasa , Dasai Takashi , Mitsui Hiroyasu , Koizumi Hisao 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper describes a prototype and the experimental evaluation of a chat system that offers cooperation support between a discussion space and an activity space in collaborative learning. In collaborative learning in the proposed system, the students are divided into groups, carry out discussions on a study topic through chats, and create online reports in a cooperative manner. The proposed cooperation support method aims at improving the level of cooperation among students and the effectiveness of learning by making group members aware of other members' learning circumstances through cooperation support in group member utterances and report creation. We use a Wiki as a tool for collaborative work in this research. Cooperation support displays the Wiki's update time and contents on the chat system with activity cooperation support, offering a space for distance collaborative learning and allowing each student to become aware of the other students' situations. In addition, the number of chat utterances is displayed, and other students' situation is easily grasped. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(2): 25–38, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10366
Genetic algorithm sampling the solution space selectively depending on difficulty of power distribution network restoration
Authors: Kato Yoshifumi , Hamagami Tomoki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractA new genetic algorithm for a multiagent‐based autonomous power distribution network restoration system is proposed. The state of the art of this study is to realize a new genetic algorithm using selective sampling for improving the restoration performance. The proposed method realizes the selective sampling by a virtual accident selecting algorithm that changes the probability of selecting the virtual accident area. The virtual accident selecting algorithm consists of a weight table and an area‐value list. The weight table represents the difficulty of restoration in each accident area. The area‐value list represents the difficulty of restoration in the latest generation, and affects the weight table in the next generation. This architecture enables the system to alter the probability of changing each virtual accident area autonomously from restoration simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed method is capable of improving performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(2): 16–24, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10389
Improvement of accuracy of the measurement of electric field distributions using the Kerr electrooptic effect and computed tomography
Authors: Masuichi Naoya , Fujii Masaharu , Ihori Haruo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) has been used for industrial application as well as its principal development in the medical field. We have investigated the measurement of nonuniform electric field vector distributions in liquid dielectrics using an original method based on the electrooptic Kerr effect and the CT method. In applying the CT method to the reconstruction of the electric field, a principle of the CT method has been faithfully observed, which has been one cause of error. Specifically, the region passed through by the light in the measurements was not equal to the reconstructed region and the electric field was reconstructed without consideration of the value of cells outside the region for reconstruction. To solve these problems, we suggest an improved algorithm for reconstruction using the concepts which we called “actual region projection data” and “extension of region for reconstruction.” Simulations and experiments were used to investigate the usefulness of the improved method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(2): 8–15, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10404
Speed control of general‐purpose engine with electronic governor
Authors: Sawut Umerujan , Tohti Gheyret , Takigawa Buso , Tsuji Teruo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a general‐purpose engine speed control system with an electronic governor in order to improve the current system with a mechanical governor, which shows unstable characteristics as a result of a change in mechanical friction or the A/F ratio (air–fuel ratio). The control system above has the problems that the feedback signal is only the crank angle because of cost, and the controlled object is a general‐purpose engine, which is strongly nonlinear. In order to overcome these problems, a system model is presented for dynamic estimation of the amount of air flow, and a robust controller is designed. In concrete terms, the proposed system includes a robust sliding‐mode controller using the feedback signal of only the crank angle, with a genetic algorithm applied to the controller design. Simulations and experiments performed using Matlab/Simulink show the effectiveness of our proposal. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(2): 64–71, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21130
First plasma experiment on spherical tokamak device UTST
Authors: Imazawa Ryota , Nakagawa Makoto , Kamio Shuji , Hihara Ryuma , Yamada Takuma , Inomoto Michiaki , Takase Yuichi , Ono Yasushi 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe UTST (University of Tokyo Spherical Tokamak) device was constructed for the purpose of exploring the formation of ultrahigh‐beta ST (spherical tokamak) plasma using the double null plasma merging method. When two plasmas merge together to form a single plasma, magnetic field lines reconnect, and magnetic field energy is converted to plasma kinetic energy, increasing the plasma beta. Merging start‐up has been demonstrated in the TS‐3/4, START, and MAST devices using coils inside the vacuum vessel, and the TS‐3 plasma obtained a 50% beta. In order to demonstrate start‐up in a more reactor‐relevant situation, UTST has all poloidal field (PF) coils outside the vacuum vessel. The first plasma experiment on the UTST was begun in December 2007. In the results, the plasma obtained 10 kA by using only the outer PF coils and a single ST was generated in the lower area (z = –0.3 to –1.0 m) close to a washer gun. This result suggests that another washer gun on the top of the UTST can allow the generation of ST in the upper area and merging start‐up by using outer PF coils. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(2): 20–26, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21216
Effect of heat treatment on tolerance characteristic for electrical degradation of ZnO varistors with added Sb2O3
Authors: Takada Masayuki , Sato Yuuki , Yoshikado Shinzo 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe effects of the heat treatment of ZnO varistors with added Bi‐Mn‐Co‐Sb on their electrical degradation were investigated. Before heat treatment, the degree of the tolerance characteristics of varistors for electrical degradation was smallest for the sample with 0.12 mole‐% of added Sb2O3. After heat treatment, the electrical degradation tolerance characteristic was markedly improved. It was found that the tolerance characteristics for electrical degradation after heat treatment strongly depend on the amount of added Sb2O3. For the samples with added Sb2O3, the tolerance characteristic for electrical degradation upon heat treatment is not affected by the intensity of the X‐ray diffraction peak of the (004) plane for ZnO. For samples with 0.12 mole‐% or less of added Sb2O3, the value of the nonlinearity index α of the voltage–current (V–I) characteristic after electrical degradation was proportional to the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the X‐ray diffraction peak at 29.4° for Zn2.33Sb0.67O4 spinel particles in samples subjected to heat treatment under various conditions. Therefore, it is speculated that the increase in the FWHM for the spinel particles is due to the existence of fine spinel particles at grain boundaries or triple points of ZnO grains. Furthermore, it is speculated that the improvement of the electrical degradation tolerance characteristics is due to a decrease in the ion mobility of O2– ions or Zn2+ ions due to their blocking by uniformly dispersed fine spinel particles at grain boundaries. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(2): 1–10, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21229
A method for determining pseudo‐measurement state values for topology observability of state estimation in power systems
Authors: Urano Shoichi , Mori Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThis paper proposes a new technique for determining state values in power systems. Recently, it has been useful for carrying out state estimation with PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) data. The authors have developed a method for determining state values with an artificial neural network (ANN) considering topology observability in power systems. The ANN has the advantage of approximating nonlinear functions with high precision. The method evaluates pseudo‐measurement state values of data which are lost in power systems. The method has been successfully applied to the IEEE 14‐bus system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(2): 27–34, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21235
The Nature of Spin Crossover and Coordination Core Distortion in a Family of Binuclear Iron(II) Complexes with Bipyridyl‐Like Bridging Ligands
Authors: Matouzenko Galina S. , Jeanneau Erwann , Verat Alexander Yu. , de Gaetano Yannick 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of two new binuclear compounds [{Fe(dpia)(NCS)2}2(bpac)]·nCH3OH [n = 0 (1) and 2 (2), dpia = bis(2‐picolyl)amine, bpac = 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethyne] are reported. The magnetic susceptibility measurements of the compounds revealed different types of magnetic behavior. Complex 1 displays a two‐step spin crossover (SCO) that suggests the occurrence of a mixed [HS–LS] (HS = high spin, LS = low spin) pair at the plateau temperature (145 K), at which about 50 % of the complexes undergo a thermal spin conversion. The high‐temperature step is very gradual, whereas the low‐temperature step shows a first‐order spin transition with a hysteresis width equal to 17 K. Compound 2 manifests a relatively abrupt one‐step spin change with a narrow hysteresis of 4 K. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of 1 was solved for the [HS–HS] complex at room temperature. Compound 2 was structurally characterized in both [HS–HS] and [LS–LS] spin states at 290 and 110 K. The magnetic and structural characteristics of 1 and 2 were compared with previously reported related binuclear compounds with 4,4′‐bipyridine and 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethene spacer ligands. This analysis confirms a recently proposed idea about the key role of the [FeN6] core structural distortions, which are caused by crystal packing and strain effects of terminal and/or bridging ligands, in the spin‐crossover behavior of binuclear complexes. This study also revealed the predominant role of inter‐ vs. intramolecular interactions in the spin transition cooperativity.
Fish oil sensory properties can be predicted using key oxidative volatiles
Authors: Sullivan Jenna C. , Budge Suzanne M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe high level of PUFA in fish oil, primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA result in rapid oxidation of the oil. Current methods used to assess oxidation have little correlation with sensory properties of fish oils. Here we describe an alternative method using solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with GC‐MS to monitor volatile oxidation products. Stepwise discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to classify oils characterized as acceptable or unacceptable based on sensory analysis; a cross‐validated success rate of 100% was achieved with the function. The classification function was also successfully validated with tasted samples that were not used to create the method. A total of 14 variables, primarily aldehydes and ketones, were identified as significant discriminators in the classification function. This method will be useful as a quality control method for fish oil manufacturers.Practical applications: This paper describes an analytical method that can be used by fish oil manufacturers for quality control purposes. Solid phase microextraction and GC‐MS were used to monitor volatile oxidation products in fish oil. These data, combined with results of analyses by a sensory panel, were used to create a function that classified fish oil samples as acceptable or unacceptable. The volatile oxidation products used to in the function were primarily aldehydes and ketones. This method can be used by fish oil manufacturers as an alternative to expensive sensory panels.
Empire of the Ibex
Authors: Klimscha Florian , Siegel Ulrike , Eichmann Ricardo , Schmidt Klaus 
Published: January 2012

AbstractFar from the well‐known excavation sites in Egypt and Mesopotamia, an international team of archaeologists are excavating the remains of a Chalcolithic settlement in Jordan at Tall Hujayr al‐Ghuzlan near modern Aqaba. Their finds are full of surprises — they demonstrate how social and technological innovations radiated out from the centres to the periphery.
Microglia are required for astroglial toll‐like receptor 4 response and for optimal TLR2 and TLR3 response
Authors: Holm Thomas H. , Draeby Dina , Owens Trevor 
Published: January 2012

AbstractWithin the central nervous system, astrocytes and microglia are the primary responders to endogenous ligands released upon injury and stress, as well as to infectious pathogens. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are implicated in recognition of both types of stimulus. Whether astrocytes respond as strongly as microglia to TLR agonists remains contentious. In this study, we have rigorously purified astrocytes to determine their capacity for autonomous TLR response, in absence of microglia. We used flow cytometry and differential adhesion as well as a myeloid lineage‐specific suicide gene to purify astrocytes from mixed glial cultures and measured their response to TLR agonists. Our results show that the response of astrocytes to TLR2 and TLR3 agonists is greatly enhanced by, and response to TLR4 agonists is completely dependent on, the presence of functional microglia. In the case of the TLR4 response to lipopolysaccharide, microglia exert their effect on astrocytes at least partially through release of soluble mediators that directly activate or facilitate astrocyte responses. Our findings underline the contribution of glial crosstalk in CNS responses to injury or inflammation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
120 years of hippocampal Schaffer collaterals
Authors: Szirmai Imre , Buzsáki György , Kamondi Anita 
Published: January 2012

AbstractKároly Schaffer (1864–1939) was a Hungarian neurologist who distinguished himself through original discoveries in human neuropathology. At the beginning of his scientific carrier, he described the cellular and fiber structure of the hippocampus, earning him a high reputation in neuroscience. Schaffer (1892) described the so‐called “collateral fiber system” that connects the CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus, known today as Schaffer collaterals. To decipher the history of this well‐known eponym, we review Schaffer's original German publication and follow the impact of his research in the contemporary literature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Double‐delayed intensification paediatric protocol without radiotherapy is an efficient treatment in adult lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Corre Elise , Marjanovic Zora , Lapusan Simona , Vekhoff Anne , Hirsch Pierre , Marie Jean‐Pierre , Legrand Ollivier 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is a rare disease associated with favourable prognosis in childhood but with poor prognosis in adults when treated with conventional non‐Hodgkin lymphoma regimens. Improvements in long‐term outcome have been made since the use of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) regimens. We report here the feasibility of a double‐delayed intensification paediatric protocol in 12 adult LBL patients. There were no relapses and no deaths, with a median follow‐up of 4.7 years. Using the same protocol, overall survival was significantly longer in LBL patients versus ALL patients (100% vs 75%, p = 0.05). Overall tolerance was acceptable and better in ALL patients. We have shown the feasibility and the good results of using this paediatric protocol in LBL. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implications of homelessness for parenting young children: A preliminary review from a developmental attachment perspective
Authors: David Daryn H. , Gelberg Lillian , Suchman Nancy E. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractAlthough it has been well‐documented that parents and children who experience homelessness often have compromised health and well‐being, few studies have examined the potential implications of homelessness on the process of parenting young children. In this review, we consider how parents of young children might function under the circumstances of homelessness. We begin with a brief overview of the psychological, social, and medical characteristics of homeless mothers and their young children. Using a developmental attachment perspective, we next briefly review the central tasks of parenting during the first 5 years of life, including emotion regulation and fostering of child autonomy, with an eye toward how homelessness may compromise a mother's ability to complete these tasks. Finally, we provide suggestions for further research that incorporate a developmental attachment perspective and other relevant viewpoints. Because of the paucity of research in this area, our review seeks to provide a heuristic framework for future research, intervention development, and policy.
The good, the bad, and the ambivalent: Quality of alliance in a support program for young mothers
Authors: Humphries Marisha L. , Korfmacher Jon 
Published: January 2012

AbstractThe relationship that develops between early childhood service providers and parents is seen as a critical component in program implementation, although little is known about how service providers and parents view this relationship. The current qualitative study examines the helping relationship between doulas and 12 African American adolescent mothers who participated in a larger study of prenatal and postnatal support. Mothers and their doulas were interviewed separately at the beginning and the end of program participation about the quality of the helping relationship and how they spent their time together. Content analysis revealed positive, negative, and ambivalent themes in mothers' and doulas' descriptions of their relationships, although the majority of the relationships were considered positive. For the most part, doulas and mothers agreed on the quality of the relationship that they formed with each other. Mothers were more likely to note the enjoyable aspects of spending time with their doula while doulas focused more on issues of trust and acceptance. The young mothers and doulas often considered amount of contact and availability (or lack thereof) as a sign of the quality of the relationship. Results are discussed in terms of the professional role of the doula and cultural influences in help‐giving behavior.
Children's emotional responsiveness and sociomoral understanding and associations with mothers' and fathers' socialization practices
Authors: Garner Pamela W. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractSixty‐two preschoolers (55% boys) were presented hypothetical dilemmas about moral transgressions. Responses were evaluated in terms of children's emotional responsiveness, prosocial motives, and readiness to intervene. Mothers and fathers reported separately on their use of victim‐oriented inductions, teaching reparations, power assertion, and love withdrawal. Four years later, parents reported on children's behavioral problems, emotion‐regulation ability, and empathy. Mothers reported using more victim‐oriented inductions than did fathers, and girls responded with more personal distress and reported more rule‐oriented motives. Maternal love withdrawal was a positive predictor of empathy and motives of concern. For fathers, teaching reparations were positively related to children's sympathy. Interestingly, mothers' power assertion was negatively related to sympathy at high levels of fathers' power assertion, but not at low levels. Maternal power assertion during the preschool years was negatively associated with children's long‐term empathy scores. School‐age outcomes also were meaningfully predicted by earlier sociomoral competence.
Livin regulates prostate cancer cell invasion by impacting the NF‐κB signaling pathway and the expression of FN and CXCR4
Authors: Chen Feng , Yang Deyong , Wang Shujing , Che Xiangyu , Wang Jianbo , Li Xiancheng , Zhang Zhiwei , Chen Xiaochi , Song Xishuang 
Published: January 2012

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) has the second highest mortality rate of all tumor‐related diseases for males in Western countries, and the incidence of PCa in China is increasing. Previous studies have proven that inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) can regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Livin is the most recently identified IAP. Our previous study showed that Livin might play an important role in the initiation of human PCa and that Livin‐α might promote cell proliferation by regulating the G1–S cell cycle transition. However, whether Livin, as an IAP, can regulate the invasive ability of PCa cells remains unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of Livin was higher in metastatic PCa tissues than in nonmetastatic tissues and that the expression of Livin was downregulated/upregulated by small interfering RNA/vector, which could inhibit/promote PC‐3/LNCaP cell invasion. This action was related to the impact of Livin on nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and its downstream signaling pathway, including FN and CXCR4. Together, our findings suggested that Livin might regulate tumor cell invasion in PCa directly, and that Livin might be an ideal candidate for preventing tumor cell invasion. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Comparison of two methods for noninvasive determination of carotenoids in human and animal skin: Raman spectroscopy versus reflection spectroscopy
Authors: Darvin Maxim E. , Sandhagen Carl , Koecher Wolfgang , Sterry Wolfram , Lademann Juergen , Meinke Martina C. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractBased on compelling in vivo and in vitro studies on human skin, carotenoids are thought to be of great interest as powerful antioxidants acting to prevent free‐radical‐induced damages, including premature skin ageing and the development of skin diseases such as cancer. Among the available techniques that are suitable for noninvasive determination of carotenoids in human skin, are resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) and reflection spectroscopy (RS). For RS, a LED‐based miniaturized spectroscopic system (MSS) was developed for noninvasive measurement of carotenoids in human skin. The optimization and subsequent calibration of the MSS was performed with the use of RRS. A strong correlation between the carotenoid concentration determined by the RS and for the RRS system was achieved for human skin in vivo (R = 0.88) and for bovine udder skin in vitro (R = 0.81). (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)