bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of plasma leptin concentration between solid ruminal and liquid abomasal feeding in weaned adult sheep
Authors: BAN‐TOKUDA Tomomi , DELAVAUD Carole , CHILLIARD Yves , FUJIHARA Tsutomu 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThis experiment was conducted to investigate the difference between ruminal (solid feed, SF) and abomasal (liquid feed, LF) feeding on the plasma leptin concentration in sheep. The experiment consisted of 2 weeks to adapt the animals to SF, 4 weeks of feeding on SF, 2 weeks adaptation to LF, 8 weeks of feeding on LF, 2 weeks of adaptation to SF, and 4 weeks of feeding on SF. The LF directory flowed into the abomasums of sheep by bottle feeding. Plasma leptin concentration before morning feeding was almost constant in the SF periods, whereas it showed between‐day variations when measured during the LF periods. Mean plasma leptin levels were higher for LF (7.77 ± 0.76 ng/mL; mean ± SE) than for SF periods (3.95 ± 0.16 ng/mL; mean ± SE). Although plasma leptin concentration did not show any change after feeding in the SF and LF periods, plasma insulin and glucose levels increased within 15 min after liquid abomasal feeding, but not after solid ruminal feeding. The high plasma leptin concentration during the LF periods in weaned sheep could be due to change of digestible energy intake and changes in plasma insulin and glucose levels accompanying the changes in digestive processes and nutrient supply.
Behavioral indexes of piglet welfare: Comparison of indoor and outdoor housing systems
Authors: NAKAMURA Kouzo , TANAKA Toshio , NISHIDA Kouji , UETAKE Katsuji 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this experiment was to establish behavioral indexes of piglet welfare. Forty‐eight piglets were allocated to either four indoor pens or four outdoor pens (six piglets per pen). The indoor system was a commercial pen that consisted of a concrete floor and a slat floor. The outdoor system had a dirt paddock with a wooden hutch. Growth performance, salivary cortisol levels, skin lesions and behaviors of the piglets were monitored for 4 weeks. Sixteen types of behaviors were recorded by using 2‐min instantaneous scan sampling for 8 h/day. Growth performance and salivary cortisol levels did not significantly differ between the two housing systems. On the other hand, skin lesions and behaviors were significantly affected by the housing system. The number of skin lesions was higher in the indoor system. In addition, piglets in the outdoor system showed more investigative and social‐play behaviors than those in the indoor system. Piglets in the indoor system showed more resting, drinking, moving, fighting, and conflict behaviors than those in the outdoor system. We conclude that investigative, social‐play and conflict behaviors may be effective indexes of the welfare level of piglets, especially investigative and conflict behaviors.
Impressions and purchasing intentions of Japanese consumers regarding pork produced by ‘Ecofeed,’ a trademark of food‐waste or food co‐product animal feed certified by the Japanese government
Authors: SASAKI Keisuke , AIZAKI Hideo , MOTOYAMA Michiyo , OHMORI Hideyuki , KAWASHIMA Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTImpressions and purchasing intentions of Japanese consumers regarding pork produced by ‘Ecofeed’, a trademark of food‐waste or co‐product animal feeds certified by the Japanese government, were investigated by a questionnaire on the Internet. ‘Ecofeed’ did not elicit specific impressions as compared to domestic, imported, Kurobuta (in Japan), and specific pathogen‐free (SPF) pork. Purchasing intent for ‘Ecofeed’ pork was the second lowest of the five pork products. Knowledge and purchasing experience regarding ‘Ecofeed’ pork was the lowest of the five pork products. Respondents were classified into four categories according to their impressions of ‘Ecofeed’ pork. The largest category of respondents did not have any specific impression of ‘Ecofeed’ pork and had little knowledge of pork farming. A category that had a positive impression for ‘Ecofeed’ pork had high knowledge of the pork farming system. In order to establish ‘Ecofeed’ pork in Japan, our results suggest that information disclosure and education about ‘Ecofeed’, its certification system, environmental benefits and the current self‐efficiency ratio of animal feed, are needed.
Summary of the Recommendations on Sexual Dysfunctions in Men
Authors: Montorsi Francesco , Adaikan Ganesan , Becher Edgardo , Giuliano Francois , Khoury Saad , Lue Tom F. , Sharlip Ira , Althof Stanley E. , Andersson Karl-Eric , Brock Gerald , Broderick Gregory , Burnett Arthur , Buvat Jacques , Dean John , Donatucci Craig , Eardley Ian , Fugl-Meyer Kerstin S. , Goldstein Irwin , Hackett Geoff , Hatzichristou Dimitris , Hellstrom Wayne , Incrocci Luca , Jackson Graham , Kadioglu Ates , Levine Laurence , Lewis Ronald W. , Maggi Mario , McCabe Marita , McMahon Chris G. , Montague Drogo , Montorsi Piero , Mulhall John , Pfaus Jim , Porst Hartmut , Ralph David , Rosen Raymond , Rowland David , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein , Shabsigh Ridwan , Stief Christian , Vardi Yoram , Wallen Kim , Wasserman Marlene 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual health is an integral part of overall health. Sexual dysfunction can have a major impact on quality of life and psychosocial and emotional well-being.

Aim
To provide evidence-based, expert-opinion consensus guidelines for clinical management of sexual dysfunction in men.

Methods
An international consultation collaborating with major urologic and sexual medicine societies convened in Paris, July 2009. More than 190 multidisciplinary experts from 33 countries were assembled into 25 consultation committees. Committee members established scope and objectives for each chapter. Following an exhaustive review of available data and publications, committees developed evidence-based guidelines in each area.

Main Outcome Measures
New algorithms and guidelines for assessment and treatment of sexual dysfunctions were developed based on work of previous consultations and evidence from scientific literature published from 2003 to 2009. The Oxford system of evidence-based review was systematically applied. Expert opinion was based on systematic grading of medical literature, and cultural and ethical considerations.

Results
Algorithms, recommendations, and guidelines for sexual dysfunction in men are presented. These guidelines were developed in an evidence-based, patient-centered, multidisciplinary manner. It was felt that all sexual dysfunctions should be evaluated and managed following a uniform strategy, thus the International Consultation of Sexual Medicine (ICSM-5) developed a stepwise diagnostic and treatment algorithm for sexual dysfunction. The main goal of ICSM-5 is to unmask the underlying etiology and/or indicate appropriate treatment options according to men’s and women’s individual needs (patient-centered medicine) using the best available data from population-based research (evidence-based medicine). Specific evaluation, treatment guidelines, and algorithms were developed for every sexual dysfunction in men, including erectile dysfunction; disorders of libido, orgasm, and ejaculation; Peyronie’s disease; and priapism.

Conclusions
Sexual dysfunction in men represents a group of common medical conditions that need to be managed from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Korean nurses’ attitudes towards older people with dementia in acute care settings
Authors: Kang Yun , Moyle Wendy , Venturato Lorraine 
Published: October 2010

Kang Y., Moyle W. & Venturato L. (2010) Korean nurses’ attitudes towards older people with dementia in acute care settings. International Journal of Older People Nursing6, 143–152 doi: 10.1111/j.1748‐3743.2010.00254.xAim.  To identify and describe Korean nurses’ attitudes towards older people with dementia in acute care settings and to examine the effect of selected socio‐demographics and nursing work characteristics on attitudes.Background.  In Korea, older people receive health care services in acute care settings because long‐term care settings are not the norm. Culturally, it is considered shameful to place parents or relatives in a long‐term care facility.Design.  A descriptive survey design.Method.  Attitudes towards older people with dementia were measured in Korean registered nurses (n = 100) working in acute care settings of two hospitals in southern Korea in 2009. The Attitudes toward the Elderly with Dementia (AED) and the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ) were administered to participants.Results.  Moderately positive attitudes towards older people with dementia in the acute care setting were found. Two‐thirds of the nurse participants (n = 65, 65.7%) working in medical wards demonstrated significantly more positive attitudes than those working in surgical wards (n = 34, 34.3%). Demographics including years of experience in the current unit and in the service, and nurses’ position did not correlate significantly with their attitudes.Conclusion.  The environment, work routine and technology may influence the likelihood of negative attitude towards people with dementia.Implications for practice.  There may be conflict between nurses’ cultural values and care practices in acute care settings. Therefore, there is a need for ongoing education of nurses in dementia care that may reduce the potential of such conflicts.
Widespread Proliferation Impairment and Hypocellularity in the Cerebellum of Fetuses with Down Syndrome
Authors: Guidi Sandra , Ciani Elisabetta , Bonasoni Paola , Santini Donatella , Bartesaghi Renata 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEvidence in mouse models for Down syndrome (DS) and human fetuses with DS clearly shows severe neurogenesis impairment in various telencephalic regions, suggesting that this defect may underlie the cognitive abnormalities of DS. As cerebellar hypotrophy and motor disturbances are part of the clinical features of DS, the goal of our study was to establish whether these defects may be related to neurogenesis impairment during cerebellar development. We found that in fetuses with DS (17–21 weeks of gestation) the cerebellum had an immature pattern, a reduced volume and notably fewer cells (−25%/−50%) in all cerebellar layers. Immunohistochemistry for Ki‐67, a marker of cycling cells, showed impaired proliferation (−17%/−50%) of precursors from both cerebellar neurogenic regions (external granular layer and ventricular zone). No differences in apoptotic cell death were found in DS vs. control fetuses. The current study provides novel evidence that in the cerebellum of DS fetuses there is a generalized hypocellularity and that this defect is due to proliferation impairment, rather than to an increased cell death. The reduced proliferation potency found in the DS fetal cerebellum, in conjunction with previous evidence, strengthens the idea that the trisomic brain is characterized by widespread neurogenesis disruption.
Spectroscopic and Photochemical Characterization of the Red‐Light Sensitive Photosensory Module of Cph2 from Synechocystis PCC 6803
Authors: Anders Katrin , von Stetten David , Mailliet Jo , Kiontke Stephan , Sineshchekov Vitaly A. , Hildebrandt Peter , Hughes Jon , Essen Lars‐Oliver 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCyanobacterial phytochromes are a diverse family of light receptors controlling various biological functions including phototaxis. In addition to canonical bona fide phytochromes of the well characterized Cph1/plant‐like clade, cyanobacteria also harbor phytochromes that absorb green, violet or blue light. The Synechocystis PCC 6803 Cph2 photoreceptor, a phototaxis inhibitor, is unconventional in bearing two distinct chromophore‐binding GAF domains. Whereas the C‐terminal GAF domain is most likely involved in blue‐light perception, the first two domains correspond to a Cph1‐like photosensory module lacking the PAS domain. Biochemical and spectroscopic studies show that this region switches between red (Pr) and far‐red (Pfr) absorbing states. Unlike Cph1, the Pfr state of Cph2 decays rapidly in darkness. Mutations close to the PCB chromophore further destabilize the Pfr state without drastically affecting the spectroscopic features such as the quantum efficiency of Pr→Pfr conversion, fluorescence, or the Resonance‐Raman signature of the chromophore. Overall, the PAS‐less photosensory module of Cph2 resembles Cph1 including its mode of isomerisation, but the Pfr state is unstable.
Photosensitization Reaction‐Induced Acute Electrophysiological Cell Response of Rat Myocardial Cells in Short Loading Periods of Talaporfin Sodium or Porfimer Sodium
Authors: Ito Arisa , Kimura Takehiro , Miyoshi Shunichiro , Ogawa Satoshi , Arai Tsunenori 
Published: October 2010

AbstractElectrophysiological responses of rat myocardial cells to exogenous photosensitization reactions for a short period of incubation with two photosensitizers, talaporfin sodium or porfimer sodium, were measured in a subsecond time scale. The loading period of the photosensitizer when the photosensitizer might not be taken up by the cells was selected as 15 min, which was determined by the fluorescence microscopic observation. We measured the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]in) by using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, Fluo‐4 AM, under a high‐speed confocal laser microscope to evaluate the acute electrophysiological cell response to the photosensitization reaction. The measured temporal change in Fluo‐4 fluorescence intensity indicated that the response to the photosensitization reaction might be divided into two phases in both photosensitizers. The first phase is acute response: disappearance of Ca2+ oscillation when irradiation starts, which might be caused by ion channel dysfunction. The second phase is slow response: [Ca2+]in elevation indicating influx of Ca2+ due to the concentration gradient. The continuous Ca2+ influx followed by changes in cell morphology suggested micropore formation on the surface of the cell membrane, resulting in necrotic cell death.
Competitive seedlings and inherited traits: a test of rapid evolution of Elymus multisetus (big squirreltail) in response to cheatgrass invasion
Authors: Rowe Courtney L. J. , Leger Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWidespread invasion by Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) in the Intermountain West has drastically altered native plant communities. We investigated whether Elymus multisetus (big squirreltail) is evolving in response to invasion and what traits contribute to increased performance. Seedlings from invaded areas exhibited significantly greater tolerance to B. tectorum competition and a greater ability to suppress B. tectorum biomass than seedlings from adjacent uninvaded areas. To identify potentially adaptive traits, we examined which phenological and phenotypic traits were correlated with seedling performance within the uninvaded area, determined their genetic variation by measuring sibling resemblance, and asked whether trait distribution had shifted in invaded areas. Increased tolerance to competition was correlated with early seedling root to shoot ratio, root fork number, and fine root length. Root forks differed among families, but none of these traits differed significantly across invasion status. Additionally, we surveyed more broadly for traits that varied between invaded and uninvaded areas. Elymus multisetus plants collected from invaded areas were smaller, allocated more biomass to roots, and produced a higher percentage of fine roots than plants from uninvaded areas. The ability of native populations to evolve in response to invasion has significant implications for the management and restoration of B. tectorum‐invaded communities.
Plexin B1 inhibits integrin‐dependent pp125FAK and Rho activity in melanoma
Authors: McClelland Lindy , Chen YuLin , Soong Joanne , Kuo IHsin , Scott Glynis 
Published: October 2010

SummarySemaphorins are secreted and membrane bound proteins that regulate axon guidance through receptors Plexins and neuropilins. Plexin B1, the Semaphorin 4D receptor, is a recently described tumor suppressor protein for melanoma. We recently showed that Plexin B1 abrogates activation of the oncogenic receptor, c‐Met, by its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), in melanoma. We have now investigated the effect of Plexin B1 on integrin‐dependent pp125FAK activation, and the small GTP‐binding protein Rho, in melanoma. Integrin receptors and Rho play critical roles in melanoma progression, through regulation of migration, proliferation and apoptosis. We engineered two human melanoma cell lines expressing Plexin B1 and analyzed integrin‐dependent migration, integrin‐dependent pp125FAK activation, and Rho activity. Results show that Plexin B1 abrogates integrin‐dependent migration and activation of pp125FAK. We also show that Rho activity is significantly reduced in cells expressing Plexin B1, and that Plexin B1 suppresses HGF‐dependent Rho activation.
Recombinant human arginase inhibits the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of human melanoma by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis
Authors: Lam Tin‐Lun , Wong Gabriel K. Y. , Chow Ho‐Yin , Chong Hiu‐Chi , Chow Tsz‐Lung , Kwok Sui‐Yi , Cheng Paul N. M. , Wheatley Denys N. , Lo Wai‐Hung , Leung Yun‐Chung 
Published: October 2010

SummaryMelanoma has been shown to require arginine for growth, thus providing a potential Achilles’ heel for therapeutic exploitation. Our investigations show that arginine depletion, using arecombinant form ofhumanarginase I (rhArg), efficiently inhibits the growth of mammalian melanoma cell lines in vitro. These cell lines are consistently deficient in ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) expression, correlating with their sensitivity to rhArg. Cell cycle distribution of A375 human melanoma cells treated with rhArg showed a remarkable dual‐phase cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases, in contrast to the G2/M single‐phase arrest observed with arginine deiminase (ADI), another arginine‐degrading enzyme. rhArg and ADI both induced substantial apoptosis in A375 cells, accompanied by global modulation of cell cycle‐ and apoptosis‐related transcription. Moreover, PEGylated rhArg dramatically inhibited the growth of A375 and B16 melanoma xenografts in vivo. Our results establish for the first time that (PEGylated) rhArg is a promising candidate for effective melanoma treatment, with fewer safety issues than ADI. Insight into the mechanism behind the antiproliferative activity of rhArg could inform us in designing combination therapies for future clinical trials.
Wnt/β‐catenin signaling is stimulated by α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone in melanoma and melanocyte cells: implication in cell differentiation
Authors: Bellei Barbara , Pitisci Angela , Catricalà Caterina , Larue Lionel , Picardo Mauro 
Published: October 2010

SummaryWnt/β‐catenin signaling plays important roles in many developmental processes including neural crest‐derived melanocyte development and migration. However, the effective contribution of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in melanogenesis in adult human melanocytes has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that in melanoma cells and in normal human melanocytes, melanogenesis stimulation by α‐melanocyte‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH) induces phosphorylation of β‐catenin‐Ser675 and stabilization of β‐catenin protein. Activation of protein kinase A by α‐MSH attenuates glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, which regulates ubiquitin‐dependent degradation of β‐catenin, suggesting a coordinated mechanism of β‐catenin activity stimulation. Consistent with increased nuclear β‐catenin, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) elevation facilitates β‐catenin‐dependent transactivation of many Wnt target genes. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated an increased association of β‐catenin with the proximal promoter of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor, the master regulator of pigmentation. These results demonstrate the existence of cross talk between the cAMP and Wnt pathways in melanocytes, suggesting that β‐catenin could play a key role in the physiological regulation of epidermal melanogenesis.
Comparison of chemistry analytes between 2 portable, commercially available analyzers and a conventional laboratory analyzer in reptiles
Authors: McCain Stephanie L. , Flatland Bente , Schumacher Juergen P. , Clarke III Elsburgh O. , Fry Michael M. 
Published: October 2010

Background:Advantages of handheld and small bench‐top biochemical analyzers include requirements for smaller sample volume and practicality for use in the field or in practices, but little has been published on the performance of these instruments compared with standard reference methods in analysis of reptilian blood.Objective:The aim of this study was to compare reptilian blood biochemical values obtained using the Abaxis VetScan Classic bench‐top analyzer and a Heska i‐STAT handheld analyzer with values obtained using a Roche Hitachi 911 chemical analyzer.Methods:Reptiles, including 14 bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), 4 blue‐tongued skinks (Tiliqua gigas), 8 Burmese star tortoises (Geochelone platynota), 10 Indian star tortoises (Geochelone elegans), 5 red‐tailed boas (Boa constrictor), and 5 Northern pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus), were manually restrained, and a single blood sample was obtained and divided for analysis. Results for concentrations of albumin, bile acids, calcium, glucose, phosphates, potassium, sodium, total protein, and uric acid and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase obtained from the VetScan Classic and Hitachi 911 were compared. Results for concentrations of chloride, glucose, potassium, and sodium obtained from the i‐STAT and Hitachi 911 were compared.Results:Compared with results from the Hitachi 911, those from the VetScan Classic and i‐STAT had variable correlations, and constant or proportional bias was found for many analytes. Bile acid data could not be evaluated because results for 44 of 45 samples fell below the lower linearity limit of the VetScan Classic.Conclusions:Although the 2 portable instruments might provide measurements with clinical utility, there were significant differences compared with the reference analyzer, and development of analyzer‐specific reference intervals is recommended.
Prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigens in retired racing Greyhounds
Authors: Iazbik Maria Cristina , O'Donnell Margee , Marin Liliana , Zaldivar Sara , Hudson Dawn , Couto C. Guillermo 
Published: October 2010

Background:Blood groups in dogs are designated as dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 7, andDal. There is limited information about the frequency of different antigens in Greyhound dogs, despite their frequent use as blood donors.Objectives:The aims of this study were to determine the frequencies of DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 in Greyhounds, to compare the frequencies with those of non‐Greyhound dogs, and to evaluate the presence of naturally occurring anti‐DEA antibodies.Methods:Blood was collected from 206 Greyhound and 66 non‐Greyhound dogs being screened as potential blood donors. Blood‐typing was performed at Animal Blood Resources International by tube agglutination utilizing polyclonal anti‐DEA antibodies.Results:Of the Greyhound dogs, 27/206 (13.1%) were positive for DEA 1.1, and this frequency was significantly lower (P<.0001) than for non‐Greyhound dogs of which 40/66 (60.6%) were DEA 1.1‐positive. The frequency of positivity for both DEA 1.1 and 1.2 was also lower in Greyhounds (P<.0001). There were no significant differences between Greyhounds and non‐Greyhounds for DEA 1.2, 3, 4, 5, or 7. All 137 dogs (113 Greyhounds and 24 non‐Greyhounds) that were evaluated for naturally occurring anti‐DEA antibodies in serum were negative. A higher percentage of Greyhound dogs (57.3%, 118/206) were considered “universal donors” (negative for all DEAs except DEA 4) compared with non‐Greyhound dogs (28%, 13/46).Conclusion:The frequency of positivity for DEA 1.1 in our population of Greyhounds was significantly lower than previously reported for dogs. Furthermore, a large majority of Greyhounds met the criteria for universal donors.