bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magic Pairs and Structural Transitions in Binary Metallic Clusters
Authors: Cune Liviu‐Cristian 
Published: April 2012

AbstractStructures and binding energies for bimetallic clusters consisting of a large variety of atomic species are obtained for all atomic sizes N≤40 and all concentrations, using an interatomic potential derived within a quasi‐classical description. It is found that increasing the difference between the two types of atoms leads to a gradual disappearance of the well‐known homo‐atomic geometric magic numbers and the appearance of magic pairs corresponding to the number of atoms of each atomic species in binary nanostructures with higher stability. This change is accompanied by structural transitions and ground‐state↔isomer inversions, induced by changes in composition or concentration. There is a clear tendency towards phase separation, the core–shell radial segregation being predominant (energetically favored) in this model.
The Protonation of Dimethyl Sulfoxide: Spectroscopic Examinations of [(CX3)2SOX]+MF6− (X=H, D; M=As, Sb) and the X‐Ray Structure of [(CH3)2SOH+]4Ge3F164−
Authors: Hopfinger Mathias , Lux Karin , Kornath Andreas 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reacts with the superacidic solutions of XF/MF5 and XF/GeF4 (X=H, D; M=As, Sb) under formation of the corresponding salts [(CX3)2SOX+]MF6− and [(CH3)2SOH+]4Ge3F164−, respectively. The salts are characterized by vibrational and NMR spectroscopy, and in the case of [(CH3)2SOH+]4Ge3F164− also by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The salt [(CH3)2SOH+]4Ge3F164− crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with two formula units in the unit cell. The crystal structure possesses an unusual anion consisting of a chain of three slightly distorted fluorine‐bridged GeF6 octahedra. The vibrational spectra are compared to the quantum chemically calculated free [(CX3)2SOX+] cations. The described salts are isolated examples of completely protonated DMSO molecules in the condensed phase.
An energy efficient medium access control protocol for target tracking based on dynamic convey tree collaboration in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Yun , Shi Peizhong , Li Kai , Chen Zhikui 
Published: April 2012

SUMMARYCollisions and interferences among nodes pose a challenge for data aggregation in many applications, such as target tracking by adopting dynamic convey tree‐based collaboration (DCTC). Because coordination with a time division multiple access (TDMA) medium access control (MAC) might provide an opportunity for better interference control, in this paper, we refine slot allocation to nodes in a dynamic convey tree and design an energy efficient MAC protocol called dynamic‐time division multiple access (D‐TDMA). The D‐TDMA protocol avoids collisions and interferences and allocates contiguous active slots to nodes as far as possible during data aggregation from leaf nodes to a root node. As a result, energy consumption in switching from sleep to active state is saved. In comparison with Always‐On scheme, theoretical analysis results show that the proposed protocol D‐TDMA improves energy efficiency by up to 28.3% during one data aggregation. Furthermore, simulation results show that D‐TDMA does not suffer from collisions and interferences among nodes in a dynamic convey tree and performs similar throughput to that of Always‐On scheme. Because of its advantage of parallel and continuous scheduling among node pairs in the convey tree, D‐TDMA outperforms efficient slot reservation in both energy efficiency and low delay because of to slot saving. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of a Bismuth Bulk Rotating Disk Electrode for Heavy Metal Analysis: Determination of Lead in Environmental Samples
Authors: de la Gala Morales María , Marín Mª Rosario Palomo , Calvo Blázquez Lorenzo , Gil Eduardo Pinilla 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe bismuth bulk electrode is proposed here for the first time in the rotating configuration (BiB‐RDE) as the electrode of choice for voltammetric analysis of selected heavy metal ions. Optimization of chemical and instrumental parameters was carried out to develop a reliable and convenient method for the determination of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) by SWASV. Appropriate detection limits were found for environmental monitoring applications in the medium – low µg/L range. The method was validated for Pb(II) determination by certified reference materials. Successful application to the determination of Pb(II) in samples of fortified rainwater and sewage sludge from a steel industry is described.
Sensitivity analyses of crop yields and changes in climate variables simulated with iGAEZ
Authors: Tatsumi Kenichi , Yamashiki Yosuke 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study is to evaluate the influence that minimum temperature, average temperature, and maximum temperature have on yield when using the iGAEZ model. Simulated yields on each grid cell for 1980–1999, in three leading producers of wheat, rice and maize, were combined with climate datasets to evaluate the relationships between temperature and simulated crop yields. A generalized additive model was evaluated to analyse changes in diurnal temperature range (DTR) and crop yields. Results differ depending on crop and region as to whether there was a clear positive/negative response of yields to daily temperature indices (DTIs) (including DTR, Tmax, Tmin and Tave). However, the effects of DTIs were statistically significant using a generalized additive model for all crops and regions. To evaluate whether future changes in DTIs are relevant for impact assessment, yield responses to projected changes in DTIs by 2080–2099, from 19 climate models under SRES A2, B1 scenarios, were estimated. Among DTIs, DTR changes did significantly affect yield responses in several cases, such as in maize and rice yields in South Asia under B1 scenario. The decreasing/increasing trend of DTIs has an important implication for estimating the future impact of climate changes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feedback and regime shift of mire ecosystem in northern Japan
Authors: Nakayama Tadanobu 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBecause anthropogenic stressors have caused degradation of the Kushiro Mire, in subarctic northern Japan, seen as drying and invasion of alder‐dominant shrub forest, the Japanese government recently started a project to restore a meandering former river channel and so diminish the shrub forest and recover the mire ecosystem. This paper describes the further development of the National Integrated Catchment‐based Eco‐hydrology (NICE) model with surface‐unsaturated–saturated water processes and land‐surface processes assimilated with satellite data to include mutual interaction and feedback of hydrogeologic and vegetation dynamics in the mire. NICE iteratively simulated hydrologic cycle, elevation change, and vegetation succession, including the competition between two vegetation types (alder‐dominant shrub forest and reed–sedge vegetation), to evaluate nonlinear relationship between drying and alder invasion in the mire and to examine a method for mire recovery. NICE reproduced well the heterogeneous alder invasion in the mire, implying that the study made some progress in explaining the positive feedback between geomorphology and eco‐hydrology on irregular slopes and in heterogeneous vegetation, whereas most previous studies have considered regular slopes and their relation to string or maze patterns. Simulation results predicted that restoring meanders to the river channel would decrease the discharge and sediment loading of the river, increase the groundwater level downstream, and achieve a degree of mire recovery in the future. The heterogeneous vegetation succession is discussed in relation to regime shift in transient simulation. These results suggest the effectiveness of river restoration in conservation plans for mire recovery, and the importance of the process‐based model in assessing the linkage of hydrological change and vegetation succession. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO AQUIFER DEVELOPMENT: DISTINCT PATTERNS IN INDIA'S ALLUVIAL AND HARD ROCK AQUIFER AREAS
Authors: Shah Tushaar 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThe boom that India has experienced in groundwater irrigation is only weakly related to the availability of groundwater resources, long‐term recharge rates and even availability of surface canal infrastructure. Dependence on groundwater has increased in rich alluvial aquifers with ample storage as well as in poor hard rock aquifers with limited storage. The socio‐economic and environmental impacts of the over‐exploitation of groundwater are also equally pervasive. This paper shows that some, though not all, responses to groundwater over‐development from farming communities are different in ‘thick’ alluvial aquifer areas from ‘thin’ hard rock aquifer areas. In the former, users fail to comprehend their interdependence, and consequently, to behave like an ‘aquifer community’ sharing a limited resource. As individual users, they engage in competitive deepening of boreholes to chase declining water levels. In arid alluvial areas, there is no sign of groundwater users trying either supply‐ or demand‐side initiatives to make groundwater use sustainable. In contrast, many hard rock aquifer areas in India are seeing spontaneous initiatives from farmers, communities, NGOs and other players to cope with or counter aquifer depletion, mostly by individual or group efforts to increase groundwater recharge, but less so by making and enforcing rules to limit withdrawals. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANALYSIS OF THE EMERGENCE AND EVOLUTION OF COLLECTIVE ACTION: AN EMPIRICAL CASE OF SPANISH GROUNDWATER USER ASSOCIATIONS
Authors: Rica Marta , López‐Gunn Elena , Llamas Ramón 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses the emergence and evolution of collective action in relation to intensive groundwater user by looking at the case of groundwater user associations in Spain. The paper analyses the rules in norm or constitutional level and the typology of collective organizations, to then offer an empirical analysis of the main factors in the emergence and evolution of collective action in Spanish groundwater user associations. It identifies some key endogenous and exogenous factors that either facilitate or hinder collective action by groundwater users, as well as documenting their evolution through time towards a more diverse institutional range, partly explained by reaching increasing resource limits, which triggers looking for additional resources to minimize and manage risk and uncertainty. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone remodeling after total hip arthroplasty with a short stemmed metaphyseal loading implant: Finite element analysis validated by a prospective DEXA investigation
Authors: Lerch Matthias , Kurtz Agnes , Stukenborg‐Colsman Christina , Nolte Ingo , Weigel Nelly , Bouguecha Anas , Behrens Bernd A. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractIn total hip arthroplasty (THA), short stemmed cementless implants are used because they are thought to stimulate physiological bone remodeling and reduce stress shielding. We performed a numerical investigation on bone remodeling after implantation of a specific short stemmed implant using finite element analysis (FEA). Overall bone mass loss was 2.8% in the entire femur. Bone mass decrease was mostly found in the proximal part of the calcar and in the greater trochanter due to the vast cross section of the implant, probably leading to stress shielding. In the diaphysis, no change in the apparent bone density was proven. The assumptions made agreed well with bone remodeling data from THA recipients who underwent dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. However, the clinical investigation revealed a bone mass increase in the minor trochanter region that was less pronounced in the FEA. Further comparisons to other stem designs must be done to verify if the relative advantages of the investigated implant can be accepted. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1822–1829, 2012
Remarks on continuum cardinals on Boolean algebras
Authors: Monk J. Donald 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWe give some results concerning various generalized continuum cardinals. The results answer some natural questions which have arisen in preparing a new edition of 5. To make the paper self‐contained we define all of the cardinal functions that enter into the theorems here. There are many problems concerning these new functions, and we formulate some of the more important ones.
Entropy numbers of operators acting between vector‐valued sequence spaces
Authors: Edmunds David E. , Netrusov Yuri 
Published: April 2012

AbstractEntropy numbers of operators acting between vector‐valued sequence spaces are estimated using information about the coordinate mappings. To do this some new ideas of combinatorial type are used. The results are applied to give sharp two‐sided estimates of the entropy numbers of some embeddings of Besov spaces. For instance, our main result allows us to give exact two‐sided estimates of the entropy numbers of the natural embedding of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$B_{p_{1},\theta _{1}}^{\omega _{1}}(Q)$\end{document} in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$B_{p_{2},\theta _{2} }^{\omega _{2}}(Q),$\end{document} where Q = (0, 1)d; θ1, θ2, p1, p2 ∈ (0, ∞], when the condition 1/θ1 − 1/θ2 ≥ 1/p1 − 1/p2 > 0 is satisfied. This work enables us to construct an example showing that the behaviour under real interpolation of entropy numbers can be even worse than in the example of 7.
Multibrominated Hyperbranched Polymers: Synthesis and Further Functionalizations by ARGET ATRP or Click Chemistry
Authors: Popescu Delia‐Laura , Tsarevsky Nicolay V. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHyperbranched polymers with multiple alkyl bromide peripheral groups were synthesized by the copolymerization of styrene with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 mol% relative to styrene) in the presence of CBr4 (10–20‐fold excess vs. the radical initiator). The latter compound markedly delayed the gelation and served as the source of terminal bromine atoms via transfer to the propagating radicals. The degree of branching increased with the amount of crosslinker. The alkyl bromide groups were used in further chemical modifications (ATRP at low catalyst concentration or azidation with NaN3 followed by CuBr‐catalyzed click coupling of an alkyne‐terminated polymer) that yielded star copolymers with hyperbranched cores.
Tumour suppressor Fus1 provides a molecular link between inflammatory response and mitochondrial homeostasis
Authors: Uzhachenko Roman , Issaeva Natalia , Boyd Kelli , Ivanov Sergey V , Carbone David P , Ivanova Alla V 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFus1, encoded by a 3p21.3 tumour suppressor gene, is down‐regulated, mutated or lost in the majority of inflammatory thoracic malignancies. The mitochondrial localization of Fus1 stimulated us to investigate how Fus1 modulates inflammatory response and mitochondrial function in a mouse model of asbestos‐induced peritoneal inflammation. Asbestos treatment resulted in a decreased Fus1 expression in wild‐type (WT) peritoneal immune cells, suggesting that asbestos exposure may compromise the Fus1‐mediated inflammatory response. Untreated Fus1−/− mice had an ∼eight‐fold higher proportion of peritoneal granulocytes than Fus1+/+ mice, pointing at ongoing chronic inflammation. Fus1−/− mice exhibited a perturbed inflammatory response to asbestos, reflected in decreased immune organ weight and peritoneal fluid protein concentration, along with an increased proportion of peritoneal macrophages. Fus1−/− immune cells showed augmented asbestos‐induced activation of key inflammatory, anti‐oxidant and genotoxic stress response proteins ERK1/2, NFκB, SOD2, γH2AX, etc. Moreover, Fus1−/− mice demonstrated altered dynamics of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine expression, such as IFNγ, TNFα, IL‐1A, IL‐1B and IL‐10. ‘Late’ response cytokine Ccl5 was persistently under‐expressed in Fus1−/− immune cells at both basal and asbestos‐activated states. We observed an asbestos‐related difference in the size of CD3+ CD4− CD8− DN T cell subset that was expanded four‐fold in Fus1−/− mice. Finally, we demonstrated Fus1‐dependent basal and asbestos‐induced changes in major mitochondrial parameters (ROS production, mitochondrial potential and UCP2 expression) in Fus1−/− immune cells and in Fus1‐depleted cancer cells, thus supporting our hypothesis that Fus1 establishes its immune‐ and tumour‐suppressive activities via regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordinated expression of galectin‐3 and caveolin‐1 in thyroid cancer
Authors: Shankar Jay , Wiseman Sam M , Meng Fanrui , Kasaian Katayoon , Strugnell Scott , Mofid Alireza , Gown Allen , Jones Steven JM , Nabi Ivan R 
Published: April 2012

AbstractGalectin‐3 (Gal3) is the single most accurate marker for the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Gal3 overrides the tumour suppressor activity of caveolin‐1 (Cav1) and functions in concert with Cav1 to promote focal adhesion turnover and tumour cell migration and invasion. To study their coordinated role in progression of a human cancer, we investigated the expression of Gal3 and Cav1 in specimens of human benign thyroid lesions, DTC and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Gal3 and Cav1 expression is significantly associated with DTC and ATC, but not benign nodules. Essentially all Cav1‐positive DTC cancers express Gal3, supporting the synergistic activity of these two proteins in DTC progression. Similarly, coordinated elevated Gal3/Cav1 expression was observed in three DTC‐derived cell lines (papillary TCP1 and KTC1 and follicular FTC133) but only one (ACT1) of five ATC‐derived cell lines. Using siRNA knockdown, Gal3 and Cav1 were shown to be required for RhoA GTPase activation, stabilization of focal adhesion kinase (FAK; a measure of focal adhesion signalling and turnover) and increased migration of the DTC cell lines studied, but not the ATC cell lines, including ACT1, which expresses elevated levels of Gal3 and Cav1. Co‐expression of Gal3 and Cav1 in the T238 anaplastic cell line stabilized FAK‐GFP in focal adhesions. Gal3 and Cav1 therefore function synergistically to promote focal adhesion signalling, migration and progression of DTC. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyester composites of short pineapple fiber and glass fiber: Tensile and impact properties
Authors: Uma Devi L. , Bhagawan S.S. , Thomas S. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThe tensile and impact performance of intimately mixed (IM) hybrid composites based on glass fiber (GF) and pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) was investigated. The composite was fabricated at constant volume fraction of fiber 0.3 Vf (fiber 0.3 and matrix 0.7). Keeping the volume fraction of matrix a constant (0.7 Vf), we have varied the PALF/GF ratio from 0 to 1. Incorporation of 0.1 volume fraction of GF increases the tensile strength of the hybrid composite by about 28%. The tensile strength showed a further increase when the volume fraction is changed to 0.7 and 0.9 Vf of GF. Intimately mixed hybrid composites exhibited higher impact strength than the individual fiber composites; the composite of PALF/GF ratio 70:30 showed maximum impact strength of 1203 J/m. A positive hybrid effect is observed for impact properties. Scanning electron micrographs of the fractured surfaces were examined to understand the fiber‐matrix adhesion. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Homogenized tensile and bending properties of plain weave single‐Ply E‐glass/epoxy
Authors: Karakaya Şükrü , Soykasap Ömer 
Published: April 2012

AbstractThis study empirically, numerically, and analytically analyzes the tensile and bending behavior of a plain weave single‐ply E‐glass/epoxy composite. In the empirical part of the study, tensile and simple bending experiments are conducted. Finite element method is used in the modeling part of the numerical study. Transverse and longitudinal fibers of the plain woven composite are modeled in one and three dimensions by using the ABAQUS software. Finally, mixture ratio approach and composite beam approach are considered in the analytical part of the study. Elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, bending stiffness, and critical bending radius are obtained experimentally and are compared with the results of the finite element analyses and the results of the analytical study where applicable. The results closest to the empirically obtained ones are obtained by three‐dimensional (3D) finite elements analysis. Moreover, the mechanical characteristics obtained by the composite beam approach used in the analytical study are also very close to the values obtained by 3D finite elements analysis. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Crystal recovery from Al‐implantation induced damaging in 3C‐SiC films
Authors: Severino Andrea , Piluso Nicolò , Marino Antonio , La Via Francesco 
Published: April 2012

AbstractDamaging in Al‐implanted 3C‐SiC and subsequent crystal recovery due to thermal treatments up to 1350 °C are evaluated by X‐ray diffraction and micro‐Raman spectroscopy. Reciprocal space mapping of (004) 3C‐SiC planes shows a low‐intensity implantation‐induced secondary peak at higher interplanar spacing in the as‐implanted 3C‐SiC sample, with a generated misfit between the implanted and the epitaxial region of about 0.6%. Increasing the annealing temperature from 950 °C to 1350 °C, the secondary peak is gradually re‐absorbed within the epitaxial 3C‐SiC reciprocal lattice point. Finally, the disappearance of the secondary peak after a 1350 °C thermal treatment is observed. Thus, implantation‐induced average strain, resulting in a severe 3C‐SiC deforma‐ tion, has been totally relieved at the highest annealing temperature. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)