bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of geographic distribution and the nature of technical coupling on the quality of global software development projects
Authors: Cataldo Marcelo , Nambiar Sangeeth 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYGeographically dispersed work is a fundamental trend that has shaped software development in the past few decades. Although researchers have shown that such a trend has its costs in terms of product quality, the past empirical work has neglected to consider the multidimensional nature of geographic dispersion and limited attention has been given to the nature of technical coupling in the context of distributed development. The work reported in this paper seeks to achieve a better understanding of how the quality of systems produced by distributed development projects is impacted by the various dimensions of geographic dispersion and by the forms of technical coupling. We examined 189 software projects from a multinational development organization and our results revealed the various dimensions of distribution that had an independent and complementary impact on the software quality. In particular, we found that projects with uneven distributions of developers across locations were more likely to exhibit higher levels of defects than projects with balanced distributions. Our results also showed that logical dependencies among architectural components are significantly more important for projects than syntactic dependencies. Moreover, considering technical coupling as conditional on project boundaries revealed that internal and external dependencies have a significant and independent impact on the software quality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Test coverage analysis based on an object‐oriented program model
Authors: Najumudheen E. S. F. , Mall Rajib , Samanta Debasis 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWe propose a novel test coverage analysis technique for object‐oriented (OO) programs. An important novelty of our technique is the use of a single coherent model,Call‐based Object‐Oriented System Dependence Graph(COSDG), which helps in presenting a unified test coverage analysis framework for OO programs. COSDG represents both procedural and OO features. Our technique not only uses the model to identify the different program features that are to be exercised by a test suite, but also captures the executed program features in the model for subsequent coverage evaluation and reporting. During test executions, the model elements corresponding to the executed features are marked. This helps in determining coverageon‐the‐fly, without the need to store the execution traces in a file. We describe the computation of various coverage measures, both procedural and OO, from the model elements. We have implemented our model‐based technique in a prototype tool, named KANZ. The experimental results obtained by using the tool demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our technique in determining OO coverage measures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the care pathway for women with endometrial cancer
Authors: Jones Kevin D. , Butler‐Manuel Simon A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEndometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy in the developed world and the incidence is increasing. The authors discuss modern management of the condition, which is best delivered as part of a ‘one‐stop’ service. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Interface Ltd
Ultrasound predictors of birth weight in euploid fetuses with isolated single umbilical artery
Authors: Bugatto F. , Quintero‐Prado R. , Melero‐Jiménez V. , Fajardo‐Expósito M. A. , Hervías‐Vivancos B. , Bartha J. L. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate ultrasound parameters, including Doppler assessment, that may influence fetal growth and birth weight in cases of isolated single umbilical artery (SUA).MethodsSixty pregnant women with isolated SUA were studied. Doppler measurements of umbilical artery (UA), mean uterine artery (UtA) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) pulsatility indices (PI) were recorded and the corresponding Z‐scores were calculated according to gestational age at time of measurement. Additionally, the umbilical vein (UV) to UA diameter and perimeter ratios were calculated. The relationships between ultrasound parameters and customized birth‐weight centiles according to sex and gestational age were analyzed.ResultsThere were significant correlations between birth‐weight centile and the Z‐score of mean UtA‐PI (r = − 0.417, P = 0.008) and the UV to UA perimeter ratio (r = 0.567, P = 0.001). A significant positive correlation between Z‐scores of UA‐PI and mean UtA‐PI (r = 0.428, P = 0.007) was also found. When using stepwise linear regression analysis both mean UtA‐PI Z‐scores and UV to UA perimeter ratio were included in the predictive model of birth‐weight centile (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.001).ConclusionsDoppler assessment of mean UtA‐PI and the UV to UA perimeter ratio may be useful in the clinical management of isolated SUA cases by identifying a subgroup at higher risk for fetal growth restriction. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer: achievement and path forward
Authors: Ptak Krzysztof , Farrell Dorothy , Panaro Nicholas J. , Grodzinski Piotr , Barker Anna D. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractNanotechnology is a ‘disruptive technology’, which can lead to a generation of new diagnostic and therapeutic products, resulting in dramatically improved cancer outcomes. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) of National Institutes of Health explores innovative approaches to multidisciplinary research allowing for a convergence of molecular biology, oncology, physics, chemistry, and engineering and leading to the development of clinically worthy technological approaches. These initiatives include programmatic efforts to enable nanotechnology as a driver of advances in clinical oncology and cancer research, known collectively as the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer (ANC). Over the last 5 years, ANC has demonstrated that multidisciplinary approach catalyzes scientific developments and advances clinical translation in cancer nanotechnology. The research conducted by ANC members has improved diagnostic assays and imaging agents, leading to the development of point‐of‐care diagnostics, identification and validation of numerous biomarkers for novel diagnostic assays, and the development of multifunctional agents for imaging and therapy. Numerous nanotechnology‐based technologies developed by ANC researchers are entering clinical trials. NCI has re‐issued ANC program for next 5 years signaling that it continues to have high expectations for cancer nanotechnology's impact on clinical practice. The goals of the next phase will be to broaden access to cancer nanotechnology research through greater clinical translation and outreach to the patient and clinical communities and to support development of entirely new models of cancer care. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 450–460This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
The Candida albicans cell wall protein Rhd3/Pga29 is abundant in the yeast form and contributes to virulence
Authors: de Boer Albert D. , de Groot Piet W. J. , Weindl Günther , Schaller Martin , Riedel Dietmar , Diez‐Orejas Rosalía , Klis Frans M. , de Koster Chris G. , Dekker Henk L. , Gross Uwe , Bader Oliver , Weig Michael 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐modified protein Rhd3/Pga29 of the human pathogen Candida albicans belongs to a family of cell wall proteins that are widespread among Candida species but are not found in other fungi. Pga29 is covalently linked to the β‐1,3‐glucan framework of the cell wall via β‐1,6‐glucan. It is a small and abundant O‐glycosylated protein and requires the protein‐O‐mannosyl transferase Pmt1 for glycosylation. Furthermore, Pga29 is strongly expressed in yeast cells but is downregulated in hyphae. Removal of the PGA29 gene in C. albicans leads to a significant reduction of cell wall mannan; however, Pga29 does not seem to have a major role in maintaining cell wall integrity. In addition, adhesion capacity and hyphae formation appear normal in pga29 deletion mutants. Importantly, the pga29 deletion mutant is less virulent, and infection of reconstituted human epithelium with the pga29 mutant results in a diminished induction of proinflammatory cytokines, such as GM‐CSF, TNF, IL‐6 and IL‐8. We propose that the reduced virulence of the pga29 mutant is a consequence of altered surface properties, resulting in altered fungal recognition. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of a Novel Surfactant with Triple Quaternary Ammonium Groups and Triple Dodecyl Chains Derived from Glycerin
Authors: Xu Hujun , Chen Dandan , Cui Zhenggang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe new triple chain surfactant was firstly prepared by ring‐opening and a quaternization reaction with 2‐(chloromethyl)‐oxirane, tertiary amine and propane‐1,2,3‐triol as starting materials. The surfactant was characterized by MS and elementary analysis. Air–Liquid surface tension was measured by using a tensiometer at temperatures from 298 to 318 K respectively and in various salt solutions (NaX). The results show that with the increase of temperature, the values of critical micelle concentration (cmc) can achieve a minimum at 308 K. The maximum surface adsorption capacity Γ decreases, while the minimum molecule Amin area increases. With the increase in temperature and the decrease in counterionic diameter, the values of cmc decrease from 8.09 × 10−5 to 5.52 × 10−5 mol/L, and the adsorption capacity Γ increase from 1.80 × 10−10 to 2.74 × 10−10 mol/m2, while there are almost no influences to surface tension (γcmc). The free energy of micelle formation is negative (−85.2 to −92.0 kJ/mol).
Oxidative Modification and Poor Protective Activity of HDL on LDL Oxidation in Thalassemia
Authors: Unchern Supeenun , Laohareungpanya Narumon , Sanvarinda Yupin , Pattanapanyasat Kovit , Tanratana Pansakorn , Chantharaksri Udom , Sibmooh Nathawut 
Published: June 2010

AbstractOxidative modification of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) has been reported in thalassemia, which is a consequence of oxidative stress. However, the levels of oxidized high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in thalassemia have not been evaluated and it is unclear whether HDL oxidation may be linked to LDL oxidation. In this study, the levels of total cholesterol, iron, protein, conjugated diene (CD), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) were determined in HDL from healthy volunteers and patients with β‐thalassemia intermedia with hemoglobin E (β‐thal/Hb E). The protective activity of thalassemic HDL on LDL oxidation was also investigated. The iron content of HDL2 and HDL3 from β‐thal/HbE patients was higher while the cholesterol content was lower than those in healthy volunteers. Thalassemic HDL2 and HDL3 had increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers i.e., conjugated diene, LOOH, and TBARs. Thalassemic HDL had lower peroxidase activity than control HDL and was unable to protect LDL from oxidation induced by CuSO4. Our findings highlight the oxidative modification and poor protective activity of thalassemic HDL on LDL oxidation which may contribute to cardiovascular complications in thalassemia.
Cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of young adults with anxiety disorders
Authors: Castaneda A.E. , Suvisaari J. , Marttunen M. , Perälä J. , Saarni S.I. , Aalto-Setälä T. , Lönnqvist J. , Tuulio-Henriksson A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveCognitive functioning in anxiety disorders has received little investigation, particularly among young adults and in non-clinical samples. The present study examined cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of young adults with anxiety disorders in comparison to healthy peers.MethodsA population-based sample of 21–35-year-olds with a lifetime history of anxiety disorders (n= 75) and a random sample of healthy controls (n= 71) derived from the same population were compared in terms of performance in neuropsychological tests measuring verbal and visual short-term memory, verbal long-term memory, attention, psychomotor processing speed, and executive functioning.ResultsIn general, young adults with anxiety disorders did not have major cognitive impairments when compared to healthy peers. When participants with anxiety disorder in remission were excluded, persons with current anxiety disorder scored lower in visual working memory tests. Current psychotropic medication use and low current psychosocial functioning associated with deficits in executive functioning, psychomotor processing speed, and visual short-term memory.ConclusionsLifetime history of anxiety disorders is not associated with cognitive impairment among young adults in the general population. However, among persons with anxiety disorders, current psychotropic medication use and low psychosocial functioning, indicating more severe symptoms, may associate with cognitive impairments.
Classification and management of extensive obstetric perineal injuries in the Czech and Slovak Republics
Authors: Zahumensky Jozef , Menzlova Erika , Korbel Miroslav , Zmrhalova Barbora , Vasicka Ian , Sottner Oldrich 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the classification, repair, and follow up of extensive obstetric perineal injuries in the Czech and Slovak Republics.MethodsA survey conducted in 2009 using questionnaires distributed to obstetric departments regarding classification and management of obstetric perineal injuries.ResultsAlthough 15 centers in the Czech Republic and 2 in the Slovak Republic indicated use of a 4‐degree classification system, none of these centers reported using the classification accepted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Use of a 3‐degree classification system in accordance with definitions in Czech textbooks was reported by 14 Czech and 3 Slovak maternity hospitals. There was significant heterogeneity in clinical practice regarding techniques to repair extensive obstetric perineal injuries, antibiotic prophylaxis, early postpartum care, and follow up.ConclusionsThere is great inconsistency in the classification and management of extensive obstetric perineal injuries. Uniform recommendations should be created and accepted, not only in the Czech and Slovak Republics, but worldwide.
Losses, gains, and brains: Neuroeconomics can help to answer open questions about loss aversion
Authors: Rick Scott 
Published: June 2010

AbstractMuch is understood about loss aversion (the tendency for losses to have greater hedonic impact than comparable gains), but open questions remain. First, there is debate about whether loss aversion is best understood as the byproduct of a single system within the brain that treats losses and gains asymmetrically or the interaction of separate deliberative and emotional systems. Second, some have questioned whether loss aversion alone is the best account for the endowment effect. Alternative accounts, based on the differential focus induced by buying versus selling, the order in which buyers and sellers consider positive and negative aspects of the good, the extent to which ownership induces liking, and the desire to avoid making a bad deal, have been proposed. Third, it is unclear whether losses are actually experienced more intensely than comparable gains, or whether people simply behave as if they were. Some have argued that loss aversion is nothing more than an affective forecasting error, while others have argued that there are many situations in which losses are actually more impactful than comparable gains. This review synthesizes the insights that behavioral researchers and neuroeconomists have contributed to each debate, and highlights potential avenues for future research.
Evidence for progressive Holocene aridification in southern Africa recorded in Namibian hyrax middens: Implications for African Monsoon dynamics and the ‘‘African Humid Period’’
Authors: Chase Brian M. , Meadows Michael E. , Carr Andrew S. , Reimer Paula J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractPresented here are stable nitrogen isotope data from a rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) middens from northwestern Namibia that record a series of rapid aridification events beginning at ca. 3800 cal yr BP, and which mark a progressive decrease in regional humidity across the Holocene. Strong correlations exist between this record and other terrestrial and marine archives from southern Africa, indicating that the observed pattern of climate change is regionally coherent. Combined, these data indicate hemispheric synchrony in tropical African climate change during the Holocene, with similar trends characterising the termination of the ‘African Humid Period’ (AHP) in both the northern and southern tropics. These findings run counter to the widely accepted model of direct low-latitude insolation forcing, which requires an anti-phase relationship to exist between the hemispheres. The combined dataset highlights: 1) the importance of forcing mechanisms influencing the high northern latitudes in effecting low-latitude climate change in Africa, and 2) the potential importance of solar forcing and variations in the Earth's geomagnetic shield in determining both long-term and rapid centennial-scale climate changes, identifying a possible mechanism for the variations marking the AHP termination in both the southern and northern tropics.
Holocene paleoenvironmental changes inferred from diatom assemblages in sediments of Kusawa Lake, Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Chakraborty Krish , Finkelstein Sarah A. , Desloges Joseph R. , Chow Nicole A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe southwest Yukon Territory, Canada, is an important region for recovering sensitive records of Holocene paleoclimatic change. More information is needed, however, to constrain the timing of the major Holocene climatic transitions, and to understand associated impacts on different ecosystems. For example, paleolimnological studies have focused on small lakes and ponds, but the history of large lakes has received little study. We analyzed diatom assemblages, species richness, valve concentrations, and biogenic silica, in the sediments of Kusawa Lake (60°16.5'N; 136°10.9'W; 671 m a.s.l.) to reconstruct the responses of this large (surface area = 142 km2), deep (Zmax= 135 m) freshwater ecosystem to Holocene climatic transitions. Diatoms colonized the lake soon after ice retreat, around 11,000 cal yr BP; assemblages throughout the record were dominated by planktonic types. Diatom concentrations and biogenic silica were high during the Holocene Thermal Maximum between 10,700 and 7300 cal yr BP, then began to decrease in response to cooling associated with orbitally driven reductions in insolation. Diatom assemblages shifted towards taxa with lower surface water temperature optima after 8300 cal yr BP, perhaps in response to abrupt and progressive cooling. Our study confirms that diatom assemblages in large lakes are sensitive to regional-scale paleoclimatic changes.
S14-01 Geographical Variations for Addiction Risk Among Dually Diagnosed People Cared in Parallel Systems
Authors: Carrà G. , Segagni Lusignani G. , Sciarini P. , Borrelli P. , Popa I. , Montomoli C. , Clerici M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveConcerns are growing from increasing prevalence rates for comorbid substance misuse and mental illness. Along with understanding which clinical populations are at high risk, an epidemiologically informed approach is needed to assess effectiveness of established service delivery. The aims of the study is to investigate the risk of developing an alcohol and other psychoactive substances dependence syndrome according to area of residence.MethodA cross-sectional survey design was used analysing data from the Psychiatric and Addictive Dual Disorders in Italy Study. Staff rating was used to assess comorbid substance use.ResultsSignificant differences were found between different geographical areas (Northern vs. Centre vs. Southern Italy). Peculiar diagnostic subgroups showed higher risk to develop such comorbid condition, whilst a number of clinical and sociodemographic variables, including area of residence, were associated with the risk to develop a dependence syndrome.ConclusionsHigh comorbid rates do not seem necessarily the direct result of biological features inherent in schizophrenia, but social factors play an important role. A number of risk factors associated with dual diagnosis could build up an evidence base about how many people with dual diagnosis present and what the nature of their substance use is, providing targeted service planning and policy making. The higher risk of developing a dependence syndrome as associated with area of residence, could be considered as a reliable proxy measure of effective integration between mental health and addiction services. There is the need for implementing appropriate shared programmes to fill this gap in targeted areas.
S12-01 - ADHD In Adults: Is there a Relationship Between Obesity and Circadian Based Sleep Disturbances?
Authors: Kooij J.J.S. , van Veen M.M. , Boonstra A.M. 
Published: June 2010

ObjectiveThe scope of this presentation is to investigate the possible relationship between a delayed sleep phase and the timing of other activities, like meals and other disturbances of eating habits.MethodsThe literature will be reviewed and preliminary data from own research regarding these associations will be presented.ResultsThe delayed sleep phase has been shown to occur in many children and in around 80% of adults with ADHD (Van Veen ea, accepted for publication, 2009). Adult patients with ADHD who get up relatively too early according to their biological clock, tend to skip breakfast. Skipping breakfast is associated with binge eating in the afternoon; both binge eating and skipping breakfast are associated with overweight and obesity. According to the literature, the prevalence of ADHD and sleepproblems is increased in obese patients; the higher the BMI, the higher the chance of ADHD.ConclusionsADHD and the very frequently comorbid delayed sleep phase disorder may be associated with a delayed timing of meals that may lead to overweight and obesity.
S32-01 - Dysfunction in Reward Learning and Therapeutic Consequences
Authors: Heinz A. 
Published: June 2010

Alcohol stimulates dopamine release and chronic intake is associated with neuroadaptation in the brain reward system. Previous studies described1)increased brain activation following the presentation of alcohol-associated stimuli, which was directly correlated with dopamine D2 receptor reductions in the ventral striatum, and2)a decreased response to stimuli that predict non-alcohol (e.g. monetary) rewards.This alteration of brain responses to alcohol-associated versus non-alcohol cues may result from altered reward-associated learning in alcoholism. Indeed, alcohol-dependent patients displayed a decreased learning rate and performeance in a probabilistic reversal task. A brain imaging study revealed that the decreased learning rate was associated with impaired prefrontal-striatal connectivity during reward-dependent reversal learning. These results point to deficits in reward-associated learning, which contribute to alcohol craving. Since such reward-associated learning deficits can interfere with learning of new, non-alcohol associated behavior, cognitive behavior therapy may profit from taking such learning speed impairments into account.