bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stacked High‐Entropy Hydroxides Promote Charge Transfer Kinetics for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Lei , Gao Zehua , Su Kerong , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Gao Rui‐Ting , Chen Junxiang , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlthough various kinds of cocatalyst are developed and decorated on the bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode, its photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance is limited owing to severe charge recombination and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a high‐entropy hydroxide electrocatalyst (FeCoNiMoCrOOH) is constructed as a co‐catalyst deposited on BiVO4 with a good PEC activity and stability in potassium borate buffer, addressing substantial charge recombination and poor surface oxygen evolution reaction of the material. FeCoNiMoCrOOH synthesized by a simple electrodeposition stacking strategy, delivers an overpotential of 172 mV at 10 mA cm−2 with a stability of 600 h under alkaline conditions, representing one of the best performances on high‐entropy‐based catalysts. The FeCoNiMoCrOOH/BiVO4 photoanode shows a photocurrent density of 5.23 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE with 100 h durability in potassium borate buffer. Experimental investigations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the synergistic effect of Mo and Cr in FeCoNi catalyst effectively decreases the dissolution Fe, Co, and Ni after long‐term operation, increases the charge transfer kinetics, and promotes OER and PEC performances, therefore enhancing the photocorrosion resistance of BiVO4. This work provides a new avenue to design high entropy‐based electrocatalysts boosting solar water splitting activity and stability.
Spatial Varying Vectorial Holography and Polarization Encryption Based on Birefringent Metasurface
Authors: Zhang Xue , Ji Xu , Li Xin , Zhang Shifei , Wang Hongbo , Li Junjie , Li Xiaowei , Wang Yongtian , Huang Lingling 
Published: May 2024

AbstractVectorial holography technology plays a fundamental role by exploring the vectorial nature of light and enriches disruptive applications in optical encryption, display, and manipulation. With its flexible control methods and high‐precision subwavelength design, metasurface possesses rich modulation flexibility that surpasses traditional optical modulation devices. Here, a vectorial holographic design is implemented that can cover various polarization information by using a birefringent metasurface. The design adopts a gradient descent optimization method to jointly optimize the phase information of the orthogonal polarization channels with the birefringent metasurface, for continuous variation of polarization information in the entire vector space on the Poincare Sphere with efficient information integration. Based on the detailed depiction of full vector space polarization texture, such efficient vectorial holographic optimization methods can expand the encryption channels and achieve high spatial resolution allowing large capacity multiplexing, data storage, pattern recognition, etc.
Hydroxylated Manganese Oxide Cathode for Stable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Mengxue , Liu Chang , Meng Jianming , Hei Peng , Sai Ya , Li Wenjie , Wang Jing , Cui Weibin , Song Yu , Liu Xiao‐Xia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractManganese (Mn) oxides are promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. However, the Mn dissolution in weakly acidic electrolytes always hinders the development of better aqueous Zn–Mn batteries. Herein, a hydroxylated manganese oxide cathode material (H‐MnO2) is fabricated using an electrochemical method for stable aqueous Zn–Mn batteries without relying on the Mn2+ electrolyte additives. The partial hydroxylation of the oxides leads to charge redistribution of the material, changing the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. Theoretical simulation suggests that the hydroxylation of manganese oxide promotes both Zn2+ adsorption thermodynamics and diffusion kinetics on the surface of H‐MnO2 but weakens the interaction between H+ and the electrode. Therefore, Zn2+ ions can be more reactive with the hydroxylated manganese oxide than H+ ions. Experimental results show that the Zn2+ insertion mechanism dominates the charge storage process of H‐MnO2, and the H+‐induced Mn dissolution reaction is effectively alleviated. Importantly, H‐MnO2 exhibits good cycling stability with 95% capacity retention over 5000 cycles at the current density of 3.8 A g−1 in the ZnSO4 electrolyte, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art aqueous Zn–Mn batteries, even those with Mn2+ electrolyte additives. The findings provide new insights for designing stable manganese oxide cathodes in aqueous Zn–Mn batteries.
Localization of Intramuscular mRNA Delivery Using Deep Eutectic‐Lipid Nanocomposites
Authors: Curreri Alexander Michael , Dunne Michael , Bibbey Michael Griffith , Kapate Neha , Kim Jayoung , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMessenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) has long been touted as a next‐generation therapeutic modality for infectious disease, cancer, and genetic disorders. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) provide an elegant delivery strategy for mRNA cargo to help realize this potential for vaccination. However, systemic exposure seen with traditional LNP formulations can have significant implications on efficacy and safety. Efforts to mitigate this have largely been focused on laborious lipid or LNP redesign. Here, the use of a deep eutectic‐lipid nanocomposite delivery system for the tuning of mRNA expression for intramuscular injections in vivo is reported. One deep eutectic, cholinium malonate, allows for the linear control of percent expression at the muscular injection site based solely on its concentration in the formulation. The same deep eutectic solvent (DES) can increase local muscle expression by 68% and significantly decrease off‐target liver expression by 72%. Physico‐chemical studies suggest that the DES incorporates into or onto the pre‐formed LNPs thus impacting endosomal escape and in situ interactions. These nanocomposites provide new possibilities for previously approved LNP formulations and without the need for lipid redesign to induce localized expression.
Engineering Cell Instructive Microenvironments for In Vitro Replication of Functional Barrier Organs
Authors: Urciuolo Francesco , Imparato Giorgia , Netti Paolo Antonio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMulticellular organisms exhibit synergistic effects among their components, giving rise to emergent properties crucial for their genesis and overall functionality and survival. Morphogenesis involves and relies upon intricate and biunivocal interactions among cells and their environment, that is, the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells secrete their own ECM, which in turn, regulates their morphogenetic program by controlling time and space presentation of matricellular signals. The ECM, once considered passive, is now recognized as an informative space where both biochemical and biophysical signals are tightly orchestrated. Replicating this sophisticated and highly interconnected informative media in a synthetic scaffold for tissue engineering is unattainable with current technology and this limits the capability to engineer functional human organs in vitro and in vivo. This review explores current limitations to in vitro organ morphogenesis, emphasizing the interplay of gene regulatory networks, mechanical factors, and tissue microenvironment cues. In vitro efforts to replicate biological processes for barrier organs such as the lung and intestine, are examined. The importance of maintaining cells within their native microenvironmental context is highlighted to accurately replicate organ‐specific properties. The review underscores the necessity for microphysiological systems that faithfully reproduce cell‐native interactions, for advancing the understanding of developmental disorders and disease progression.
Enthalpy‐Driven Self‐Healing in Thin Metallic Films on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Trost Claus Othmar Wolfgang , Lassnig Alice , Kreiml Patrice , Jörg Tanja , Terziyska Velislava L. , Mitterer Christian. , Cordill Megan Jo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSelf‐healing microelectronics are needed for costly applications with limited or without access. They are needed in fields such as space exploration to increase lifetime and decrease both costs and the environmental impact. While advanced self‐healing mechanisms for polymers are numerous, practical ways for self‐healing in metal films have yet to be found. A concept for an autonomous intrinsic self‐healing metallic film system is developed, allowing the healing of cracks in metallic films on flexible substrates. The concept relies on stabilizing metastable thin films with high mixing enthalpy via segregation barriers. This allows the films to possess autonomous intrinsic self‐healing capabilities triggered by cracking at temperatures not detrimental to flexible microelectronics. The effect will be shown on metastable Mo1‐xAgx thin films, stabilized via a Mo segregation barrier. Without a segregation barrier, the system is known to exhibit spontaneous Ag particle formation on the surface. This property is controlled and directed to heal cracks and partially restore the electro‐mechanical properties of the multilayer system. This mechanism opens up the field of self‐healing thin metallic films that could profoundly impact the design of future microelectronics.
Approaching the Ideal Linearity in Epitaxial Crystalline‐Type Memristor by Controlling Filament Growth
Authors: Zeng Tao , Shi Shu , Hu kejun , Jia Lanxin , Li Boyu , Sun Kaixuan , Su Hanxin , Gu Youdi , Xu Xiaohong , Song Dongsheng , Yan Xiaobing , Chen Jingsheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBrain‐inspired neuromorphic computing has attracted widespread attention owing to its ability to perform parallel and energy‐efficient computation. However, the synaptic weight of amorphous/polycrystalline oxide based memristor usually exhibits large nonlinear behavior with high asymmetry, which aggravates the complexity of peripheral circuit system. Controllable growth of conductive filaments is highly demanded for achieving the highly linear conductance modulation. However, the stochastic behavior of the filament growth in commonly used amorphous/polycrystalline oxide memristor makes it very challenging. Here, the epitaxially grown Hf0.5Zr0.5O2‐based memristor with the linearity and symmetry approaching ideal case is reported. A layer of Cu nanoparticles is inserted into epitaxially grown Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 film to form the grain boundaries due to the breaking of the epitaxial growth. By combining with the local electric field enhancement, the growth of filament is confined in the grain boundaries due to the fact that the diffusion of oxygen vacancy in crystalline lattice is more difficult than that in the grain boundaries. Furthermore, the decimal operation and high‐accuracy neural network are demonstrated by utilizing the highly linear and multi‐level conductance modulation capacity. This method opens an avenue to control the filament growth for the application of resistance random access memory (RRAM) and neuromorphic computing.
Tunable Negative and Positive Photoconductance in Van Der Waals Heterostructure for Image Preprocessing
Authors: Gao Zhaotan , Jiang Ruiqi , Deng Menghan , Zhao Can , Hong Zian , Shang Liyan , Li Yawei , Zhu Liangqing , Zhang Jinzhong , Zhang Jian , Hu Zhigao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe processing of visual information occurs mainly in the retina, and the retinal preprocessing function greatly improves the transmission quality and efficiency of visual information. The artificial retina system provides a promising path to efficient image processing. Here, graphene/InSe/h‐BN heterogeneous structure is proposed, which exhibits negative and positive photoconductance (NPC and PPC) effects by altering the strength of a single wavelength laser. Moreover, a modified theoretical model is presented based on the power‐dependent photoconductivity effect of laser: , which can reveal the internal physical mechanism of negative/positive photoconductance effects. The present 2D structure design allows the field effect transistor (FET) to exhibit excellent photoelectric performance (RNPC = 1.1× 104 AW−1, RPPC = 13 AW−1) and performance stability. Especially, the retinal pretreatment process is successfully simulated based on the negative and positive photoconductive effects. Moreover, the pulse signal input improves the device responsivity by 167%, and the transmission quality and efficiency of the visual signal can also be enhanced. This work provides a new design idea and direction for the construction of artificial vision, and lay a foundation for the integration of the next generation of optoelectronic devices.
Anomalous‐Chern Steering of Topological Nonreciprocal Guided Waves
Authors: Qin Haoye , Zhang Zhe , Chen Qiaolu , Zhang Zhechen , Fleury Romain 
Published: May 2024

AbstractNonreciprocal topological edge states based on external magnetic bias have been regarded as the last resort for genuine unidirectional wave transport, showing superior robustness over topological states with preserved time‐reversal symmetry. However, fast and efficient reconfigurability of their trajectory has remained a formidable challenge due to the difficulty in controlling the spatial distribution of magnetic fields over large areas and short times. Here, this persistent issue is solved by leveraging the rich topology of unitary scattering networks, and achieve fast steering of nonreciprocal topological transport at an interface between a Chern and an anomalous topological insulator, without having to control a magnetic field. Such interface can be drawn by doping the network with scatterers located at the center of each link, whose level of reflection is electrically tuned. With experiments in the GHz range, the possibility to actively steer the way of unidirectional edge states is demonstrated, switching the transmission path thousands of times per second in a fully‐robust topological heterostructure. The approach represents a significant step towards the realization of practical reconfigurable topological meta‐devices with broken time‐reversal symmetry, and their application to future robust communication technologies.
Beyond Metallic Electrode: Spontaneous Formation of Fluidic Electrodes from Operational Liquid in Highly Functional Droplet‐Based Electricity Generator
Authors: Jang Sunmin , Shah Soban Ali , Lee Jaehyun , Cho Sumin , Kam Dongik , Ra Yoonsang , Lee Donghan , Khawar Muhammad Ramzan , Yoo Donghyeon , Ahmad Awais , Choi Dongwhi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe droplet‐based electricity generator (DEG) has facilitated efficient droplet energy harvesting, yet diversifying its applications necessitates the incorporation of various to the DEG. This study first proposes a methodology for advancing the DEG by substituting its conventional metallic electrode with electrically conductive water electrode (WE), which is spontaneously generated during the operation of the DEG with operating liquid. Due to the inherent conductive and fluidic nature of water, the introduction of the WE maintains the electrical output performance of the DEG while imparting functionalities such as high transparency and flexibility. So, the resultant WE applied DEG (WE‐DEG) exhibits high optical transmittance (≈99%) and retains its electricity‐generating capability under varying deformations, including bending and stretching. This innovation expands the versatility of the DEG, and especially, a sun‐raindrop dual‐mode energy harvester is demonstrated by hybridizing the WE‐DEG and photovoltaic (PV) cell. This hybridization effectively addresses the weather‐dependent limitations inherent in each energy harvester and enhances the temperature‐induced inefficiencies typically observed in PV cells, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency. The introduction of the WE will be poised to catalyze new developments in DEG research, paving the way for broader applicability and enhanced efficiency in droplet energy harvesting technologies.
A Small Step for Epitaxy, a Large Step Toward Twist Angle Control in 2D Heterostructures
Authors: Maßmeyer Oliver , Belz Jürgen , Dogahe Badrosadat Ojaghi , Widemann Maximilian , Günkel Robin , Glowatzki Johannes , Bergmann Max , Pasko Sergej , Krotkus Simonas , Heuken Michael , Beyer Andreas , Volz Kerstin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract2D materials have received a lot of interest over the past decade. Especially van der Waals (vdW) 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), and their heterostructures exhibit semiconducting properties that make them highly suitable for novel device applications. Controllable mixing and matching of the 2D materials with different properties and precise control of the in‐plane twist angle in these heterostructures are essential to achieve superior properties and need to be established through large‐scale device fabrication. To gain fundamental insight into the potential control of these twist angles, 2D heterostructures of tungsten disulfide (WS2) and graphene (Gr) grown by bottom‐up synthesis via metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are investigated using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Specifically, the combination of conventional high‐resolution imaging with scanning nanobeam diffraction (SNBD) using advanced 4D STEM techniques is used to analyze moiré structures. The latter technique is used to reveal the epitaxial alignment within the WS2/Gr heterostructure, showing a direct influence of the underlying Gr layers on the moiré structure in the subsequent WS2 layers. In particular, the importance of grain boundaries (GBs) within the underlying WS2 and Gr layers on the structure of moiré patterns with rotation angles below 2° is discussed.
A Remarkable Color Rendering Index of 87 in White Laser Lighting Diode Enabled by Amide‐Functionalized Carbon Dots Phosphor with High Photothermal Stability
Authors: Liu Xinghua , Zheng Jingxia , Wei Changting , Wang Zhi , Yang Yongzhen , Yan Lingpeng , Liu Xuguang , Xu Bingshe 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) phosphors in white laser diodes (WLD) have the advantages of sufficient surface functionalization sites and low cost. Specially, their color rendering index (CRI) in WLD is unsatisfactory due to the uncontrollable synthesis process and low thermal stability. Herein, surface nitrogen‐containing groups of CDs are synthesized from phenylenediamine isomers and trimeric acid, and the optical and thermal properties of CDs are modulated by introducing amide bonds (–CONH). By varying the phenylenediamine isomers, CDs synthesized from o‐phenylenediamine, m‐phenylenediamine, and p‐phenylenediamine emit different fluorescence peaks at 534, 498, and 434 nm, respectively. Further investigation shows that the increase of –CONH and adjacent –NH2 favors the reduction of bandgap, which in turn induces redshifted emission. The green‐emitting CDs are also found to be thermally stable at high –CONH contents up to 10.35%. Finally, by assembling the fluorescent film with 450 nm laser diode, WLD with color coordinates of (0.3767, 0.3540), correlated color temperature of 3924 K, and CRI of 87 is realized, and its CRI reaches the advancing value for single phosphors‐based WLD devices. This work will lay the theoretical and experimental foundation for the realization of the low‐cost, high photothermal stability, high‐color‐rendering‐index CDs‐based laser lighting devices.
A Membrane‐Targeting Aggregation‐Induced Emission Probe for Monitoring Lipid Droplet Dynamics in Ischemia/Reperfusion‐Induced Cardiomyocyte Ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Yihui , Song Yuan , Xu Lingling , Zhou Wuqi , Wang Wenyuan , Jin Qiaofeng , Xie Yuji , Zhang Junmin , Liu Jing , Wu Wenqian , Li He , Liang Le , Wang Jing , Yang Yali , Chen Xiongwen , Ge Shuping , Gao Tang , Zhang Li , Xie Mingxing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is the leading cause of irreversible myocardial damage. A pivotal pathogenic factor is ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis, marked by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. However, the impact of lipid droplet (LD) changes on I/R‐induced cardiomyocyte ferroptosis is unclear. In this study, an aggregation‐induced emission probe, TPABTBP is developed that is used for imaging dynamic changes in LD during myocardial I/R‐induced ferroptosis. TPABTBP exhibits excellent LD‐specificity, superior capability for monitoring lipophagy, and remarkable photostability. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and super‐resolution fluorescence imaging demonstrate that the TPABTBP is specifically localized to the phospholipid monolayer membrane of LDs. Imaging LDs in cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue in model mice with MIRI reveals that the LD accumulation level increase in the early reperfusion stage (0–9 h) but decrease in the late reperfusion stage (>24 h) via lipophagy. The inhibition of LD breakdown significantly reduces the lipid peroxidation level in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that chloroquine (CQ), an FDA‐approved autophagy modulator, can inhibit ferroptosis, thereby attenuating MIRI in mice. This study describes the dynamic changes in LD during myocardial ischemia injury and suggests a potential therapeutic target for early MIRI intervention.
MEMS Oscillators‐Network‐Based Ising Machine with Grouping Method
Authors: Deng Yi , Zhang Yi , Zhang Xinyuan , Jiang Yang , Chen Xi , Yang Yansong , Tong Xin , Cai Yao , Liu Wenjuan , Sun Chengliang , Shang Dashan , Wang Qing , Yu Hongyu , Wang Zhongrui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCombinatorial optimization (CO) has a broad range of applications in various fields, including operations research, computer science, and artificial intelligence. However, many of these problems are classified as nondeterministic polynomial‐time (NP)‐complete or NP‐hard problems, which are known for their computational complexity and cannot be solved in polynomial time on traditional digital computers. To address this challenge, continuous‐time Ising machine solvers have been developed, utilizing different physical principles to map CO problems to ground state finding. However, most Ising machine prototypes operate at speeds comparable to digital hardware and rely on binarizing node states, resulting in increased system complexity and further limiting operating speed. To tackle these issues, a novel device‐algorithm co‐design method is proposed for fast sub‐optimal solution finding with low hardware complexity. On the device side, a piezoelectric lithium niobate (LiNbO3) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) oscillator network‐based Ising machine without second‐harmonic injection locking (SHIL) is devised to solve Max‐cut and graph coloring problems. The LiNbO3oscillator operates at speeds greater than 9 GHz, making it one of the fastest oscillatory Ising machines. System‐wise, an innovative grouping method is used that achieves a performance guarantee of 0.878 for Max‐cut and 0.658 for graph coloring problems, which is comparable to Ising machines that utilize binarization.