bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward evidence-based communication on overweight body mass index and mortality
Authors: Mathur Maya B. , Mathur Vandana S. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Reducing overweight and obesity has been a longstanding focus of public health messaging and physician–patient interactions. Clinical guidelines by major public health organizations describe both overweight and obesity as risk factors for mortality and other health conditions. Accordingly, a majority of primary care physicians believe that overweight BMI (even without obesity) strongly increases mortality risk.

Main points
The current evidence base suggests that although both obese BMI and underweight BMI are consistently associated with increased all-cause mortality, overweight BMI (without obesity) is not meaningfully associated with increased mortality. In fact, a number of studies suggest modest protective, rather than detrimental, associations of overweight BMI with all-cause mortality. Given this current evidence base, clinical guidelines and physician perceptions substantially overstate all-cause mortality risks associated with the range of BMIs classified as “overweight” but not “obese.” Discrepancies between evidence and communication regarding mortality raise the question of whether similar discrepancies exist for other health outcomes.

Conclusions
Health communication that inaccurately conveys current evidence may do more harm than good; this applies to communication from health authorities to health practitioners as well as to communication from health practitioners to individual patients. We give three recommendations to better align health communication with the current evidence. First, recommendations to the public and health practitioners should distinguish overweight from obese BMI and at this time should not describe overweight BMI as a risk factor for all-cause mortality. Second, primary care physicians’ widespread misconceptions about overweight BMI should be rectified. Third, the evidence basis for other potential risks or benefits of overweight BMI should be rigorously examined and incorporated appropriately into health communication.
The effectiveness of a standardized tobacco cessation program on psychophysiological parameters in patients with addiction undergoing long-term rehabilitation: a quasi-experimental pilot study
Authors: Fuchshuber J. , Schöber H. , Wohlmuth M. , Senra H. , Rominger C. , Schwerdtfeger A. , Unterrainer H. F. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Although there is a very high comorbidity between tobacco dependence and other addictive disorders, there are only few studies examining the implementation and outcomes of a tobacco cessation program in patients with addictive diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate to what extent a standardized tobacco cessation program leads to improvements regarding psychological/physical parameters in patients with addiction undergoing therapy and whether there is a reduction in tobacco consumption.

Methods
The study took place in a therapeutic community specialized in addiction therapy. A total sample of 56 participants were non-randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG; n = 31) and a treatment as usual group (TAUG; n = 25). The IG participated in a 6-week tobacco cessation program, while the TAUG received no additional treatment. Both groups were assessed for changes in primary outcomes (tobacco dependence, smoked cigarettes per day (CPD), and general substance-related craving) and secondary outcomes (heart rate variability (HRV): root mean square of successive differences, self-efficacy, and comorbid psychiatric symptoms) at two measurement time points (pre- and post-treatment/6 weeks).

Results
We observed significant improvements in self-efficacy (F(1,53) = 5.86; p < .05; ηp2 = .11) and decreased CPD in the IG (β = 1.16, ρ < .05), while no significant changes were observed in the TAUG. No significant interaction effects were observed in psychiatric symptoms, general substance-related craving, and HRV.

Conclusions
The results highlight the potential benefit of an additional tobacco cessation program as part of a general addiction treatment. Although no improvements in the physiological domain were observed, there were significant improvements regarding self-efficacy and CPD in the IG compared to the TAUG. Randomized controlled trials on larger samples would be an important next step.

Trial registration
ISRCTN15684371
A randomized controlled trial of an app-based intervention on physical activity and glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kim Gyuri , Kim Seohyun , Lee You-Bin , Jin Sang-Man , Hur Kyu Yeon , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
We investigated the effects of a physical activity encouragement intervention based on a smartphone personal health record (PHR) application (app) on step count increases, glycemic control, and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
In this 12-week, single-center, randomized controlled, 12-week extension study, patients with T2D who were overweight or obese were randomized using ratio 1:2 to a group using a smartphone PHR app (control group) or group using the app and received individualized motivational text messages (intervention group) for 12 weeks. During the extension period, the sending of the encouraging text messages to the intervention group was discontinued. The primary outcome was a change in daily step count after 12 weeks and analyzed by independent t-test. The secondary outcomes included HbA1c, fasting glucose, and body weight analyzed by paired or independent t-test.

Results
Of 200 participants, 62 (93.9%) and 118 (88.1%) in the control and intervention group, respectively, completed the 12-week main study. The change in daily step count from baseline to week 12 was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.365). Among participants with baseline step counts < 7,500 steps per day, the change in the mean daily step count at week 12 in the intervention group (1,319 ± 3,020) was significantly larger than that in control group (-139 ± 2,309) (P = 0.009). At week 12, HbA1c in the intervention group (6.7 ± 0.5%) was significantly lower than that in control group (6.9 ± 0.6%, P = 0.041) and at week 24, changes in HbA1c from baseline were significant in both groups but, comparable between groups. Decrease in HbA1c from baseline to week 12 of intervention group was greater in participants with baseline HbA1c ≥ 7.5% (-0.81 ± 0.84%) compared with those with baseline HbA1c < 7.5% (-0.22 ± 0.39%) (P for interaction = 0.014). A significant reduction in body weight from baseline to week 24 was observed in both groups without significant between-group differences (P = 0.370).

Conclusions
App-based individualized motivational intervention for physical activity did not increase daily step count from baseline to week 12, and the changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to week 12 were comparable.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03407222).
Campylobacter jejuni virulence factors: update on emerging issues and trends
Authors: Tikhomirova Alexandra , McNabb Emmylee R. , Petterlin Luca , Bellamy Georgia L. , Lin Kyaw H. , Santoso Christopher A. , Daye Ella S. , Alhaddad Fatimah M. , Lee Kah Peng , Roujeinikova Anna 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni is a very common cause of gastroenteritis, and is frequently transmitted to humans through contaminated food products or water. Importantly, C. jejuni infections have a range of short- and long-term sequelae such as irritable bowel syndrome and Guillain Barre syndrome. C. jejuni triggers disease by employing a range of molecular strategies which enable it to colonise the gut, invade the epithelium, persist intracellularly and avoid detection by the host immune response. The objective of this review is to explore and summarise recent advances in the understanding of the C. jejuni molecular factors involved in colonisation, invasion of cells, collective quorum sensing-mediated behaviours and persistence. Understanding the mechanisms that underpin the pathogenicity of C. jejuni will enable future development of effective preventative approaches and vaccines against this pathogen.
Health care: life stories by trans women in Colombia
Authors: Zapata Mayor Juan Carlos , Hoyos Hernández Paula Andrea 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Colombia, health care for people with trans life experiences is characterised by countless barriers to health services and care. Commonly, trans people have experienced stigma and discrimination among health professionals, a lack of services and professionals specialized to guarantee affirmative processes from non-hegemonic gender perspectives, and there exists a marked pathologization and medicalization of services. Therefore, it is necessary to provide affirmative health services to improve health and well-being from the recognition of their needs and experiences. The article describes life narratives about health care for the gender transitions of trans women in Colombia.MethodsA qualitative narrative study was conducted with 139 trans women in seven cities in Colombia. In-depth interviews and discussion groups were conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and the Atlas Ti cloud program. National and international ethical guidelines were followed in the development of the research.ResultsThis research provided an overview of the health experiences of Colombian trans women. They reported their experiences of pathologizing approaches to transgender healthcare, stigma, discrimination, and barriers to accessing preventive, specialized, and regular healthcare services. For this reason, they opted for self-medicated gender transition processes and self-management of health care. An important aspect to consider within healthcare is that not all women want binary gender transition processes.ConclusionParticipants felt that in Colombia there is a lack of affirmative health care for transgender women and that there are many limitations to care related to the gender transition processes. This exposes them to more situations that violate their rights and influences their lack of confidence and their search for professional health care. In Colombia, it is important to develop strategies for education, information, and communication, as well as a handbook for health workers on specialized healthcare for trans women.
High prevalence of diabetes among young First Nations Peoples with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a population-based study in Australia
Authors: Valery Patricia C. , Roche Shruti , Brown Catherine , O’Beirne James , Hartel Gunter , Leggett Barbara , Skoien Richard , Powell Elizabeth E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Liver disease is an important contributor to the mortality gap between First Nations Peoples and non-Indigenous Australian adults. Despite a high burden of metabolic comorbidities among First Nations Peoples, data about the epidemiology of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in this population is scarce.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of all adults hospitalized with MASLD or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with/without cirrhosis during 2007–2019 in the state of Queensland was performed. Patients were followed from the first admission with MASLD/MASH (identified based on validated algorithms) to decompensated cirrhosis and overall mortality. We explored differences according to Indigenous status using Multivariable Cox regression.

Findings
439 First Nations Peoples and 7,547 non-Indigenous Australians were followed for a median of 4.6 years (interquartile range 2.7–7.2). Overall, women were overrepresented, but more so in the First Nations cohort (72.7% vs. 57.0%, p < 0.001). First Nations patients were younger, a higher proportion lived in remote and socioeconomic disadvantaged areas, and had higher comorbidity compared to non-Indigenous Australians (all p < 0.001). Diabetes, the most common comorbidity affecting both groups, was overrepresented in First Nations Peoples versus non-Indigenous Australians (43.5% vs. 30.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). Nineteen (4.3%) First Nations Peoples and 332 (4.4%) of non-Indigenous patients progressed to cirrhosis decompensation (9.0% [95%CI 4.5–17.7] vs. 7.7% [95%CI 6.6–8.9; p = 0.956] respectively within 10 years). In multivariable analysis, there was no association between Indigenous status and progression to decompensated cirrhosis (p = 0.759) and survival (p = 0.437).

Conclusions
This study provides the first population-based epidemiological data on MASLD in First Nations Australians. The high prevalence of diabetes (that is associated with advanced fibrosis and liver disease mortality) among young First Nations Peoples with MASLD raises concern about future risk of progressive liver disease in this patient population. These data highlight the importance of early identification of MASLD, and providing culturally appropriate intervention to reduce disease progression in parallel with the management of cardiometabolic comorbidities.
Measurable residual disease monitoring by ddPCR in the early posttransplant period complements the traditional MFC method to predict relapse after HSCT in AML/MDS: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Chen Weihao , Huang Jingtao , Zhao Yeqian , Huang Luo , Yuan Zhiyang , Gu Miner , Xu Xiaojun , Shi Jimin , Luo Yi , Yu Jian , Lai Xiaoyu , Liu Lizhen , Fu Huarui , Bao Chenhui , Huang Xin , Zheng Zhongzheng , Huang He , Hu Xiaoxia , Zhao Yanmin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is widely applied to monitor measurable residual disease (MRD). However, there are limited studies on the feasibility of ddPCR-MRD monitoring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), especially targeting multiple molecular markers simultaneously.

Methods
Our study collected samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in complete remission after allo-HSCT between January 2018 and August 2021 to evaluate whether posttransplant ddPCR-MRD monitoring can identify patients at high risk of relapse.

Results
Of 152 patients, 58 (38.2%) were MRD positive by ddPCR within 4 months posttransplant, with a median variant allele frequency of 0.198%. The detectable DTA mutations (DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1 mutations) after allo-HSCT were not associated with an increased risk of relapse. After excluding DTA mutations, patients with ddPCR-MRD positivity had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR, 38.7% vs. 9.7%, P < 0.001) and lower rates of relapse-free survival (RFS, 55.5% vs. 83.7%, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, 60.5% vs. 90.5%, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, ddPCR-MRD positivity of non-DTA genes was an independent adverse predictor for CIR (hazard ratio [HR], 4.02; P < 0.001), RFS (HR, 2.92; P = 0.002) and OS (HR, 3.12; P = 0.007). Moreover, the combination of ddPCR with multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) can further accurately identify patients at high risk of relapse (F+/M+, HR, 22.44; P < 0.001, F+/M-, HR, 12.46; P < 0.001 and F-/M+, HR, 4.51; P = 0.003).

Conclusion
ddPCR-MRD is a feasible approach to predict relapse after allo-HSCT in AML/MDS patients with non-DTA genes and is more accurate when combined with MFC.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06000306. Registered 17 August 2023 –Retrospectively registered (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06000306?term=NCT06000306&rank=1).
Type 2 diabetic mellitus related osteoporosis: focusing on ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Yili , Zhao Wen , Hu An , Lin Shi , Chen Ping , Yang Bing , Fan Zhirong , Qi Ji , Zhang Wenhui , Gao Huanhuan , Yu Xiubing , Chen Haiyun , Chen Luyuan , Wang Haizhou 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWith the aging global population, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis(OP) are becoming increasingly prevalent. Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by abnormal bone tissue structure and reduced bone strength in patients with diabetes. Studies have revealed a close association among diabetes, increased fracture risk, and disturbances in iron metabolism. This review explores the concept of ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death process dependent on intracellular iron, focusing on its role in DOP. Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, particularly impacting pancreatic β-cells, osteoblasts (OBs) and osteoclasts (OCs), contributes to DOP. The intricate interplay between iron dysregulation, which comprises deficiency and overload, and DOP has been discussed, emphasizing how excessive iron accumulation triggers ferroptosis in DOP. This concise overview highlights the need to understand the complex relationship between T2DM and OP, particularly ferroptosis. This review aimed to elucidate the pathogenesis of ferroptosis in DOP and provide a prospective for future research targeting interventions in the field of ferroptosis.
Social difficulties and care burden of adult Duchenne muscular dystrophy in Japan: a questionnaire survey based on the Japanese Registry of Muscular Dystrophy (Remudy)
Authors: Mori-Yoshimura Madoka , Ishigaki Keiko , Shimizu-Motohashi Yuko , Ishihara Naoko , Unuma Atushi , Yoshida Sumiko , Nakamura Harumasa 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the social difficulties and health care needs of adult Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients in Japan, as well as the financial and physical stress experienced by their caregivers. This study aimed to clarify the social circumstances surrounding adult DMD patients and assess the degree of involvement of family members in their care and the associated economic burden of the disorder in Japan.

Methods
Adult DMD patients were identified through the Registry of Muscular Dystrophy (Remudy) in Japan and invited to complete a questionnaire together with a caregiver. Data on health care use, quality of life, work status, informal care, and household expenses were collected to estimate the costs associated with DMD from social and caregiver household perspectives.

Results
In total, 234 (63.7%) of 367 adult DMD patients (mean age, 27.4 ± 6.0; range, 20–48 years) completed the questionnaire. Of these, 38 (21%) had developmental disorders (mental retardation, autism, and learning disorders), 57 (33%) experienced bullying in school, and 44 (77%) indicated the reason for bullying to be their physical handicap. Employment histories were noted by 72 (31%), although 23 (10%) lost their jobs mainly due to physical difficulties. Of the 234 patients, 164 (74%) lived with their relatives, and 78% of care time was supplied by family members, in particular, their mothers. The mean rate of care work provided by family members was 81%. Household income of families with an adult DMD patient was lower, whereas the rate of living with parent(s) and grandparent(s) was higher, in comparison with the general Japanese population.

Conclusions
Adult DMD patients in Japan experience many social difficulties from childhood up to adulthood. As adults, many DMD patients experience bullying and workplace difficulties. Families were found to provide most of the care and financial support for DMD patients. Our results suggest the need to improve public patient care systems, including financial support, to address the physical and economic burdens of care for adult DMD patients in Japan.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with and without immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Liu Yiming , Song Songlin , Makamure Joyman , Shi Heshui , Zheng Chuansheng , Liang Bin 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation (HBVr) is a major concern for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) using mFOLFOX6 regimen. There is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of HAIC combined with immunotherapy in HCC patients with HBVr. The aim of this study was to examine the adverse events (AEs) related to HBVr in HCC patients after HAIC, with or without immunotherapy, and to assess the effectiveness of antiviral prophylaxis for HBVr.

Methods
Medical records of HCC patients receiving HAIC combined with and without immunotherapy between January 2021 and June 2023 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups based on whether they received immunotherapy or not.

Results
Out of the 106 patients, 32 (30.2%) developed HBVr. Among these, 23 eligible patients with HBVr were included, with 14 patients (61%) receiving immunotherapy and nine patients (39%) not receiving immunotherapy. Prior to HAIC treatment, four patients in each group had detectable HBV DNA with median titre of 3.66 × 102 IU/ml (patients with immunotherapy) and 1.98 × 102 IU/ml (patients without immunotherapy), respectively. Fifteen patients did not show detectable HBV DNA. At HBVr occurrence, the median HBV DNA level was 6.95 × 102 IU/ml for all patients, 4.82 × 102 IU/ml in patients receiving immunotherapy and 1.3 × 103 IU/ml in patients not receiving immunotherapy. Grade 3 hepatitis developed in 12 cases of all patients (12/23, 48%), including five patients with immunotherapy (56%) and seven patients without immunotherapy (78%). At the 3-month follow-up, HBV DNA was detected in 10 patients, with a median HBV DNA level of 2.05 × 102 IU/ml (range, 1.5 × 102– 3.55 × 102 IU/ml) in patients (7/10) with immunotherapy and 4.28 × 102 IU/ml (range, 1.15 × 102– 5.88 × 102 IU/ml) in patients (3/10) without immunotherapy. Intensified antiviral treatment was administered to all patients. No HBVr-related fatal events occurred.

Conclusion
HBVr can occur after HAIC combined with or without immunotherapy. The degree of liver damage did not differ significantly in patients treated with or without immunotherapy. Intensified antiviral treatment was found to be crucial for HCC patients with HBVr.
ChatGPT’s ability to generate realistic experimental images poses a new challenge to academic integrity
Authors: Zhu Lingxuan , Lai Yancheng , Mou Weiming , Zhang Haoran , Lin Anqi , Qi Chang , Yang Tao , Xu Liling , Zhang Jian , Luo Peng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have raised concerns about their potential impact on academic integrity. While initial concerns focused on ChatGPT’s writing capabilities, recent updates have integrated DALL-E 3’s image generation features, extending the risks to visual evidence in biomedical research. Our tests revealed ChatGPT’s nearly barrier-free image generation feature can be used to generate experimental result images, such as blood smears, Western Blot, immunofluorescence and so on. Although the current ability of ChatGPT to generate experimental images is limited, the risk of misuse is evident. This development underscores the need for immediate action. We suggest that AI providers restrict the generation of experimental image, develop tools to detect AI-generated images, and consider adding “invisible watermarks” to the generated images. By implementing these measures, we can better ensure the responsible use of AI technology in academic research and maintain the integrity of scientific evidence.
mi-Mic: a novel multi-layer statistical test for microbiota-disease associations
Authors: Shtossel Oshrit , Finkelstein Shani , Louzoun Yoram 
Published: May 2024

Abstractmi-Mic, a novel approach for microbiome differential abundance analysis, tackles the key challenges of such statistical tests: a large number of tests, sparsity, varying abundance scales, and taxonomic relationships. mi-Mic first converts microbial counts to a cladogram of means. It then applies a priori tests on the upper levels of the cladogram to detect overall relationships. Finally, it performs a Mann-Whitney test on paths that are consistently significant along the cladogram or on the leaves. mi-Mic has much higher true to false positives ratios than existing tests, as measured by a new real-to-shuffle positive score.