bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of de novo bone formation with a novel bioabsorbable film: a histomorphometric study in vivo
Authors: He Hong , Yan Weiqi , Chen Guanfu , Lu Zhenhui 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  Different types of barrier membranes have been used in periodontal applications for the technology of guided tissue regeneration (GTR). The aim of this study was to characterize the biological effect of novel calcium alginate film (CAF) on bone tissue regeneration by using rabbit mandible defects model.Methods:  A critical size defect (5 mm in diameter) was created in the bilateral corner of mandible of 45 adult rabbits. The defects were covered with CAF served as the experimental group, or conventional collagen membrane (CCM) or left empty as the controls. Animals were killed after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Morphological and histomorphometric studies were performed to evaluate their bone regeneration pattern and biological effects.Results:  Histological sections showed that bone regeneration pattern was centripetal in growth from defect rim. The quantitative histometry analysis revealed a significantly greater percentage of newly generated bone in CAF defects than that in CCM defects and empty defects from 2 to 6 weeks post‐operation (P < 0.01). After 6 and 8 weeks, significantly more mature lamella bone had formed with CAF than with CCM. Empty control defects showed bone formation starting from the defect margins and incomplete healing even after 8 weeks.Conclusion:  The CAF guided early bone growth and appeared more effective as a bioabsorbable GTR membrane than CCM. This study with mandible defect model suggests that bone defects augmented with CAF may offer most promising results from a histological and histomorphometric perspective.
A study of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and COX‐2 in early stage (T1–T2) oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Søland Tine M. , Husvik Camilla , Koppang Hanna Strømme , Boysen Morten , Sandvik Leiv , Clausen Ole Petter Fraas , Christoffersen Thoralf , Bryne Magne 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Histomorphological grading at the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) may provide useful prognostic information. In the present study, we investigated the presence and prognostic value of activated phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1 and 2 (p‐ERK1/2) and cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) both at the invasive front and in central/superficial parts of OSCCs.Methods:  Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed the presence of p‐ERK1/2 and COX‐2 in 53 early stage OSCCs. Clinical data were recorded prospectively. The end point was disease‐free survival.Results:  p‐ERK1/2 staining was present in almost all tumours. The staining was mostly nuclear in the cells of the invasive front and either nuclear or nuclear/cytoplasmic in central/superficial tumour parts. COX‐2 was observed in almost all tumours (98%) and the staining was often restricted to focal areas. Most tumours were COX‐2 negative at the invasive front. The lowest P‐value in survival analyses was P = 0.06 for p‐ERK1/2 at the invasive front. COX‐2, the histomorphological grading systems and TNM stage were of no prognostic value.Conclusion:  p‐ERK1/2 was present in almost all tumours and p‐ERK1/2 may be a prognostic marker at the invasive front of OSCCs. In early stage OSCCs, most tumours did not express COX‐2 at the invasive front.
Expression of phosphorylated Akt in oral carcinogenesis and its induction by nicotine and alkaline stimulation
Authors: Wu Ho‐Tai , Ko Shun‐Yao , Fong Jenny Hwai‐Jen , Chang Kuo‐Wei , Liu Tsung‐Yun , Kao Shou‐Yen 
Published: August 2010

Background:  In Taiwan, it is well documented that cigarette smoking and areca nut chewing contribute to the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The role of phosphorylated Akt (p‐Akt) in oral carcinogenesis induced by nicotine and alkaline environments was investigated.Method:  Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect p‐Akt expression in cancerous (n = 30) precancerous (n = 30), and normal mucosa tissues (n = 10). Western blotting was used to detect time‐dependent induction of p‐Akt by 100 μM nicotine in normal human bronchial epithelial cell (NHBE), normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOK), immortalized human epithelial cells (HaCaT) and OEC‐M1 cells, dose‐dependent induction of p‐Akt in OEC‐M1 and HaCaT cells and pH effect of p‐Akt in OEC‐M1. The unpaired t‐test and the Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze the p‐Akt immunoreactivity in various groups and its association with clinicopathological parameters.Results:  Higher p‐Akt expression in cancerous group than in normal mucosa (P = 0.0002) and precancerous (P = 0.0049) groups was observed. A time‐dependent increase in p‐Akt in the NHBE, NHOK, HaCaT and OEC‐M1 cell lines was observed with 100 μM nicotine treatment. The dose‐dependent increase in p‐Akt by nicotine treatment in HaCaT and OEC‐M1 cells was obviously observed. Higher p‐Akt expression in more alkaline environment (pH 8.0) was observed than at pH 7.4 in OEC‐M1 cells.Conclusion:  A potential role for increased p‐Akt may relate to the dose and time of nicotine use. The potential role of an alkaline environment to enhance nicotine‐related oral carcinogenesis may exist.
The reported prevalence of oral lichen planus: a review and critique
Authors: McCartan B. E. , Healy C. M. 
Published: August 2010

Objective:  To examine all studies reporting prevalences of oral lichen planus (OLP) for epidemiological validity and to extract prevalence data from the valid papers.Design:  Computer based literature searches were carried out using the MeSH headings ‘lichen planus, oral and (prevalence or incidence)’ and were supplemented by manual searching.Main Outcome Measures:  Each paper was examined for five criteria: clinic‐based or population study, adequate demographic description (by sex and age group) of the population, adequate demographic description of the sample (if the population was sampled), adequate demographic description of the OLP cases identified, and histological confirmation of the clinical diagnosis.Results:  Forty‐five relevant papers were identified, 21 clinic‐based and 24 population studies. All but one of the population studies was deficient. One study, while having some defects, was probably sufficiently valid to permit the findings to be regarded as useful. An overall age‐standardized prevalence of 1.27% (0.96% in men and 1.57% in women) can be calculated from this study.Conclusions:  There appears to be only one usable prevalence study of OLP. Other large‐scale studies are required in other populations. Such studies need to distinguish between OLP and lichenoid reactions.
Immune‐expression of HSP27 and IL‐10 in recurrent aphthous ulceration
Authors: Miyamoto Jr Nelson T. , Borra Ricardo Carneiro , Abreu Marilda , Weckx Luc Louis Maurice , Franco Marcello 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Recently, abnormal cellular immune response has been considered responsible for the oral lesion in the recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). For reasons not yet defined, antigens of the oral microbiota would trigger abnormal Th1 immune response against epithelial cells. On the other hand, studies have demonstrated that heat shock proteins (HSP) can block the production of proinflammatory cytokine through inhibition of NF‐κB and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways or activate anti‐inflammatory cytokines and therefore control the magnitude of the immune response. HSP27 has been considered a powerful inductor of IL‐10, a major inhibitor of Th1 response.Methods:  Using immunohistochemistry, we studied the expression and location of HSP27 and IL‐10 in ulcerated lesions clinically diagnosed as RAU (n = 27) and to compare it with that of oral clinically normal mucosa (CT; n = 6) and of other inflammatory chronic diseases such as oral fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (FIH; n = 18), Crohn’s disease (CD; n = 10) and ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 9).Results:  A lower proportion of HSP27‐positive epithelial cells in RAU and CD were observed when compared with CT and FIH (P < 0.001**; P = 0.013**). A lower proportion of IL‐10‐positive interstitial cells in RAU was observed when compared with FIH, UC, CT and CD (P < 0.001**; P < 0.001**; P < 0.001**; P = 0.034*).Conclusion:  Altogether the data suggest that a reduced cellular expression of HSP27 and IL‐10 in RAU might be related with the aetiopathogenesis of the ulcerated oral lesions.
Fine deletion analysis of 1p36 chromosomal region in oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Lefeuvre Mathieu , Gunduz Mehmet , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Gunduz Esra , Al Sheikh Ali Mahmoud , Beder Levent , Fukushima Kunihiro , Yamanaka Noboru , Shimizu Kenji , Nagai Noriyuki 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common cancer type of the oral cavity and approximately 50% of the patients succumb to the disease. Unfortunately, few are known about the molecular mechanisms involving in the formation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Recently, it has been reported that 1p36 chromosomal region is deleted in various cancer types and is suspected to harbor various tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). However, limited studies exist on genetics alteration on 1p36 in OSCC and the responsible TSG remained unidentified.Methods:  To investigate area susceptible to harbor TSG(s) involved in OSCC on 1p36 region, paired normal and tumor tissues of 27 patients with diagnosis of OSCC have been analyzed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using nine microsatellite markers based on recent gene mapping.Results:  LOH was found at least in one locus in 85% of the cases (23 of 27). Interestingly, microsatellite instability was also found in 7% (two of 27) of the cases analyzed. The higher LOH frequencies were found with the markers D1S243 (25%), D1S468 (22%), D1S450 (25%), D1S228 (38%), D1S199 (28%), and D1S1676 (23%).Conclusions:  Three preferentially deleted regions have been identified in OSCC: region 1 (D1S468‐D1S243), region 2 (D1S450‐D1S228), and region 3 (D1S199‐D1S1676). Multiple candidate TSGs, such as RIZ1, p73, UBE4B, Rap1GAP, EPHB2, and RUNX3, are located in these three areas. The data obtained in this study can be used for further functional analysis of these genes involved in OSCC carcinogenesis.
Betel quid chewing, oral cancer and other oral mucosal diseases in Vietnam: a review
Authors: Reichart P. A. , Nguyen X. H. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Betel quid chewing (BQC) in Vietnam is still prevalent, however, no detailed information about its association with oral cancer and pre‐cancer are available in the English literature. Respective online searches (PubMed, Medline) were negative.Methods:  Relevant publications in Vietnamese were collected by the authors and translated. Visits to cancer centres and institutes of odontology (Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi) were made and seminars with respective scientists were held. Field excursions to local markets and interviews with betel quid vendors and individual BQ chewers gave further insights.Results:  Generally, BQC is on the decline in Vietnam. 6.7% of the female population still seems to indulge in this habit. In an earlier study, a prevalence of 0.06% of oral cancer was reported. In a study of 1084 cases of oral cancer, the male:female ratio was 1.05:1 (1997). The age group between 60 and 75 years is most often affected by oral cancer. In BQ chewing women, the buccal mucosa (27.9%), tongue (23.1%) and lips (22.4%) are most often affected. Verrucous carcinoma is seen in the age group 70–79 years with women most often being affected (male:female ratio 1:3.4). The most important risk factor for oral cancer in women is BQC compared with men where smoking, alcohol drinking or combined smoking and drinking habits are the most common risk factors. Oral leukoplakia in BQ chewers is observed in 3.8%, oral submucous fibrosis in 13%.Conclusions:  BQC in Vietnam is on the decline. Association between BQC and oral cancer in elderly women is still of importance. Eventually, the BQC habit will vanish and only play a role in socio‐ritual contexts.
Human papilloma virus types in the oral and cervical mucosa of HIV‐positive South African women prior to antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Richter Karin L. , Van Rensburg Estrelita Janse , Van Heerden Willie F. P. , Boy Sonja C. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  To evaluate the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and types in the oral and cervix mucosa of treatment‐naïve HIV‐1‐positive women with CD4 counts less than 300 cells per ml with no HPV‐associated oral lesions.Methods:  Oral epithelium was harvested from the buccal mucosa and lateral borders of the tongue and cervical samples were collected from the endocervical area of 30 women, 22–64 years old. Cytobrush Plus cell collectors were used for sampling both anatomical areas. Genital pathology, obstetric and gynaecological history, co‐morbid disease, hormone therapy, sexual behavior and smoking history were assessed via physical examination and clinical interviews. Special investigations included cervical Papanicolau smears, CD4 counts and HIV‐1 viral loads. The linear array HPV test was used to determine HPV genotypes present in the specimens.Results:  Oral HPV were identified in 20% (n = 6) of the patients, of which two had infection with two HPV types. Genital HPV was found in 96.7% (n = 29) of the women, of which only 14 had cytological abnormalities on Papanicolau smear. Infection with multiple HPV types were present in 93.1% (n = 27) of the patients, with an average of four HPV types per individual.Conclusions:  South African HIV‐positive women with CD4 counts less than 300 cells per ml have a significant risk of cervical HPV strains and multiple strain infection of the cervix. The prevalence of HPV in normal oral mucosa was low but high‐risk types were present. Limited correlation between oral HPV types and those identified in the cervical mucosa was found.
Minimum diagnostic criteria for plasmablastic lymphoma of oral/sinonasal region encountered in a tertiary cancer hospital of a developing country
Authors: Kane Shubhada , Khurana Aditi , Parulkar Gorakh , Shet Tanuja , Prabhash Kumar , Nair Reena , Gujral Sumeet 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Haematolymphoid tumours other than plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) may reveal plasmablastic differentiation with overlapping immunoreactivity causing diagnostic dilemma. Elaborate ancillary diagnostic techniques can make the process expensive, tedious and out of reach for pathology laboratory in a developing country.Methods:  Out of 98 total cases of primary non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma and plasmacytoma of oral‐sinonasal region recorded in our institute over 4 years, 39 cases showing varied plasmablastic differentiation were selected. Morphological and immunohistochemical criteria were applied to identify minimum diagnostic criteria for PBL. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) correlation and Epstein–Barr virus expressed RNA (EBER) in‐situ hybridisation studies were also performed.Results:  Minimum morphological criteria required to diagnose PBL were: (1) predominant population of plasmablasts which are large monomorphic cells with high nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio, moderate amount of amphophilic cytoplasm and round nucleus with prominent central nucleolus, (2) high mitotic and/or apoptotic index and (3) absence of neoplastic plasma cells in the background. Essential diagnostic immunophenotype consisted of CD20 negativity, LCA +/−, CD138/VS38c diffuse positivity, light chain restriction and high MIB‐1 index (>60 %). Twenty‐five of the total 32 PBL cases thus identified, involved oral cavity. Of these, 84% affected gingivo‐buccal complex. Twenty‐eight cases were HIV positive. EBER positivity confirmed the diagnosis in all the HIV‐negative cases.Conclusions:  A triad of ‘rapidly growing lesion with predilection for oral mucosa, classical plasmablastic morphology and limited immunohistochemical panel’ can render a reliable diagnosis of PBL, irrespective of HIV and EBV status, especially in developing countries with limited resources.
Histomorphology of healthy oral mucosa in untreated celiac patients: unexpected association with spongiosis
Authors: Campisi G. , Compilato D. , Iacono G. , Maresi E. , Di Liberto C. , Di Marco V. , Di Fede G. , Craxì A. , Carroccio A. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  The jejunal mucosa is the major site involved in celiac disease, but modifications have also been found in the gastric, rectal and esophageal mucosa. Few studies have focused on the histomorphological features of the oral mucosa in celiac disease patients. Our objectives were: (i) to assess the presence, quality and intensity of lymphocytic infiltrate in clinically healthy oral mucosa and its relation to celiac disease severity (villous height to crypt depth ratio); and (ii) to detect any other histological features connected to celiac disease.Methods:  Twenty‐one untreated celiac disease patients (age range 13–68 years) with clinically healthy oral mucosa were enrolled and compared with 14 controls. Intestinal and oral biopsies were carried out and specimens were evaluated after staining with hematoxylin and eosin.Results:  Intra‐epithelial lymphocyte B and T infiltrates of the oral mucosa were found to be similar in both groups; likewise, intensity of the lymphocytic infiltrate in the lamina propria was similar in both groups and was not related to intestinal damage; important signs of spongiosis were found to be more significantly present in celiac disease patients compared with controls (P = 0.0002).Conclusions:  Our study showed that the healthy oral mucosa of untreated patients does not reflect the intestinal damage by celiac disease, but it is unexpectedly affected by spongiosis, as being detected for the first time in the literature. This latter feature could be related to gliadin ingestion and could contribute to explain the higher susceptibility of celiac disease patients to suffering from oral mucosa lesions.
Laser‐capture microdissection of oropharyngeal epithelium indicates restriction of Epstein–Barr virus receptor/CD21 mRNA to tonsil epithelial cells
Authors: Jiang Ru , Gu Xin , Nathan Cherie‐Ann , Hutt‐Fletcher Lindsey 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Epstein–Barr virus colonizes the oropharynx of a majority of individuals. It infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells and can contribute to the development of both lymphoid and epithelial tumors. The virus uses CD21 for attachment to B cells which constitutively express the protein. Infection of epithelial cells in vitro is also more efficient if CD21 is available. However, its potential contribution to infection in vivo has been difficult to evaluate as discrepant results with antibodies have made it difficult to determine which, if any, epithelial cells in the oropharynx express CD21.Methods:  To reevaluate CD21 expression by an alternative method, epithelial cells were isolated by laser‐capture microdissection from formalin‐fixed sections of tissues from various parts of the oropharynx and mRNA was amplified with primers specific for the exons of CD21 which code for the Epstein–Barr virus binding site.Results:  CD21 mRNA was expressed in tonsil epithelium, but not in epithelium from buccal mucosa, uvula, soft palate or tongue.Conclusions:  CD21 does not contribute to infection of most normal epithelial tissues in the oropharynx, but may contribute to infection of epithelial cells in the tonsil, where virus has been demonstrated in healthy carriers.
Comparative evaluation of genetic assays to identify oral pre‐cancerous fields
Authors: Bremmer Jantine F. , Braakhuis Boudewijn J. M. , Brink Arjen , Broeckaert Mark A. M. , Beliën Jeroen A. M. , Meijer Gerrit A. , Kuik Dirk J. , René Leemans C. , Bloemena Elisabeth , Van Der Waal Isaäc , Brakenhoff Ruud H. 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Oral squamous cell carcinomas often develop in a pre‐cancerous field, defined as mucosal epithelium with cancer‐related genetic alterations, and which may appear as a clinically visible lesion. The test characteristics of three genetic assays that were developed to detect pre‐cancerous fields were investigated and compared to histology.Methods:  In total, 10 pre‐cancerous fields that were not visible at clinical inspection and gave rise to malignant transformation based on an identical TP53 mutation in tumor and mucosal epithelium in the surgical margin, as well as 10 normal oral mucosa specimens were analyzed for numerical chromosomal changes with multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), for loss of heterozygosity (LOH), with microsatellite PCR and for DNA index alterations with DNA image analysis.Results:  No alterations were detected in normal tissue by either of the assays. Both MLPA and LOH assays detected all pre‐cancerous fields. DNA cytometry identified aneuploidy in four of 10 pre‐cancerous fields, while the corresponding tumors that developed in these fields were shown to be aneuploid.Conclusions:  Both the MLPA and LOH assay seem suitable for screening pre‐cancerous fields in subjects at high risk for oral cancer even in the absence of clinically abnormal appearing oral mucosa. Measurements of DNA index might be valuable to determine the time to progression.
Correlation between enzyme production, germ tube formation and susceptibility to fluconazole in Candida species isolated from patients with denture‐related stomatitis and control individuals
Authors: Pinto Eugénia , Ribeiro Isabel Cristina , Ferreira Núria Joana , Fortes Cátia Eliana , Fonseca Patrícia Alexandra , Figueiral Maria Helena 
Published: August 2010

Introduction:  Phospholipase and proteinase secretion in yeasts of the genus Candida has been described as a relevant virulence factor. Also, germ tube formation by Candida albicans is associated with its invasive capacity and is considered an important pathogenic mechanism.Methods:  To link the production of hydrolytic enzymes with the capacity to produce infection, 232 clinical isolates of yeasts from the oral cavity of 140 individuals wearing removable maxillary protheses were studied. The sample was composed of 70 patients with denture‐related stomatitis (DRS) and 70 individuals with normal palatal mucosa. For strains identified as C. albicans, the correlation between germ tube formation and their capacity to cause infection was studied and the presence of Candida dubliniensis was investigated. Susceptibility to fluconazole was evaluated.Results:  Candida albicans was the only species producing phospholipase and germ tube. We observed a higher level of production of phospholipase in cases of infection compared with commensals. Significant differences between the two groups of C. albicans isolates were observed as to germ tube production. Only, Candida glabrata showed lower susceptibility to fluconazole.Conclusion:  The results reinforced the idea that C. albicans is the most frequent and can be the most pathogenic yeast in oral candidosis. However, the strains isolated from DRS patients and healthy individuals showed the same virulence factors. It seems that several virulence attributes are involved in the infective process but no single factor contributes to Candida virulence. Candida dubliniensis was absent in the oral cavity of individuals with and without DRS.