bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IJCM_6A: Prevalence of Malnutrition and its associated factors among elderly population in rural field practice area of Madras Medical College- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Selvakumar R , Maheswari Uma R , Damodaran V 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In India the elderly population (>60years) is on a raising trend has more than tripled in last 50 years and the projections for 2031 is 178.59 million of total population. As the health of the elderly will be an important issue defining the health of the whole population, hence elderly malnutrition is on focus.

Objectives:
To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition and factors associated with malnutrition among elderly population in rural field practice area of Madras Medical College.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November-2023 among 480 elderly participants selected by simple random sampling in Medavakkam area. This study was done by using an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire that includes socio-demographic details and Mini Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire. Body Mass Index used to identify Obesity based on Asia Pacific BMI guidelines. Data was entered in MS-Excel and analysed using SPSS v16.

Results:
Among 480 participants,79.8% were in the age group of 60-70years,18.1% and 2.1% were in the age group of 71-80years and >80years respectively. Among them 53.1%were male. The prevalence of malnutrition and at risk of malnutrition were 7.7%(95%CI:5.5-10.5) and 39%(95%CI:34.6- 43.5) respectively which was assessed using MNA-questionnaire. Prevalence of obesity was 45.8%(95%CI:41.3-50.4) based on Asia-Pacific BMI guidelines. A significant association was found between malnutrition and older age groups, female gender, no formal education, kutcha house, widowed, unemployed and dependent financial status.

Conclusion:
According to this study, prevalence of malnutrition and at risk of malnutrition were lesser than previous studies done in rural South India, but the prevalence of Obesity found to be high (45.8%). Both undernutrition and over-nutrition are important health issues to be considered in elderly population. These problems can be solved through community level nutrition status screening of elderly and health education to the elderly and their families regarding balanced dietary practices and lifestyle modification, thereby enhancing their nutritional status and their quality of life.
IJCM_60A: Menstrual hygiene management practices in tribal areas of Mysore district: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Anila P , Khan Mudassir Azeez 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Menstrual Health Management is defined as women and adolescent girls using a clean menstrual management material to absorb or collect blood that can be changed in privacy as often as necessary for the duration of menstruation period, using soap and water for washing the body as required and having access to facilities to dispose of menstrual management materials. Since considerable amount of tribal population belong to Mysore district it is important to study the practices among the most vulnerable population.

Objectives:
1. To estimate the knowledge on menstrual hygiene among the study population. 2. To measure the impact of socio-demographic and cultural determinants on menstrual hygiene management practices among the study population.

Methodology:
A community based cross-sectional study on menstruating women residing in tribal areas of Mysuru district was conducted from July to September 2023. Sample size was calculated using single proportion formula and it was estimated to be 130. All menstruating women/girls who were present during the time of visit were included in the study after getting their consent/ ascent. Multistage sampling was adopted to select the study participants. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used for collection of data. Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS v29 trial version.

Results:
99% of the study population knew that menstruation is a physiological process and poor menstrual hygiene causes urinary and reproductive tract infections. More than 80% of the study population have access to sanitary napkins for managing their menstrual cycles.

Conclusion:
Majority of the study participants are aware about menstruation as a physiological process and have access to sanitary napkins for management. But the disposal of sanitary waste and cultural barriers that persists in the society are still existing as a roadblock for improving reproductive health.
IJCM_63A: Knowledge and perceptions of menstruation among school going adolescent girls in urban area of Kakinada – A mixed method
Authors: Priyanka Eathalapaka , Madhavi B. Devi , Sapuri Rukmini Devi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Menstruation is a physiological process that all women go through. Menstrual Health and Hygiene (MHH) is essential to the well-being and empowerment of women and adolescent girls but appropriate MHH is hampered by taboos, secrecy and even stigma. The GOI/GOAP have launched several initiatives such as Health Education sessions in schools and celebration of menstrual hygiene week. Despite several initiatives, studies in India reveal that gaps exist in knowledge, perceptions and practices related to MHH

Objectives:
1. To Assess the Knowledge of Menstruation among adolescents. 2. To explore the Perceptions about menstruation among school going adolescents.

Methodology:
A Mixed Method Study was conducted among school going adolescent girls and the study Participants were selected by convenient sampling technique during October 2023. Qualitative data was collected from adolescents by conducting 2 Focus group discussions (FGD) with 20 adolescent girls in 2groups and Quantitative data collected by using Pretested Semi Structured questionnaire from 50 students who are in class 10th of P.R.G. Girls high school Kakinada, after obtaining subjects assent and informed consent from the Parents/guardians of the adolescents. Prior approval from Institutional ethics committee was taken. Data was entered and analysed using MS Word, MS Excel & SPSS 21.

Results:
88% have fair knowledge about menstruation. Mothers were the main source of information and advice regarding menstruation. FGDs revealed that the adolescents face stigma, embarrassment and hardships during menstruation both at school & home.

Conclusion:
Taboos, stigma and embarrassment and hindering the adolescents from appropriate MHM practices. Strategic approach towards menstruation would help to promote well - being of the adolescents.
IJCM_66A: Beliefs, perceptions, and practices of mothers of under-five children towards control of childhood anemia in selected urban and rural areas of Puducherry – An explanatory mixed methods study.
Authors: Sridevi  , Tamilselvan  , Jayalakshmy  
Published: April 2024

Background:
Anaemia is a significant public health issue that affects different age groups, mainly children under five. A mother’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices are often associated with the health status of children

Objective:
The study aimed to assess mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards childhood anaemia control, the status of IFA consumption among under-five children in Puducherry, and explore socio-cultural beliefs and perceptions about childhood anaemia.

Methodology:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected urban and rural areas, where Anganwadi centres were selected through simple random sampling. A pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from mothers of children under five. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore socio-cultural beliefs and perceptions of childhood anaemia.

Results:
According to the study, the majority of participants were aware of the causes (89.5%) and symptoms (90.3%) of anaemia, as well as the consequences during pregnancy (80.7%) and child growth risks (72.3%). However, the knowledge of health risks to the child if the mother is anaemic during pregnancy was known to only 64.0% of mothers. While most participants were aware of iron-rich foods, the knowledge of the practice of providing these foods was less widespread. Additionally, only 28.4% of children receive adequate IFA supplements.

Conclusion:
Though knowledge, attitude, and practices have improved, they are still inadequate to reduce the anaemia burden. Only one in three children received adequate IFA supplements. Adherence to the correct dosage of IFA supplementation needs further awareness and emphasis.
IJCM_68A: Awareness and Practices towards Breast Self-Examination (BSE) for early detection of breast cancer among college-going students in Coastal Karnataka
Authors: Gupta Kanika , Mithra Prasanna , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Kumar Nithin , Parween Rasla , Padmanabhan Ambika , Gupta Kush , Daanish Mohammed 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Breast cancer is one of the leading cancers among women especially in developing countries and is amenable to complete cure if detected early. BSE is one of the screening techniques for early detection of breast lumps and early detection of breast cancer. This study was done to study the awareness, attitudes, and practices towards BSE among the study participants.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 656 female students in pre-university and non-health degree colleges of Mangalore, belonging to the Science and Commerce streams selected using cluster random sampling. Data collection was done using a semi-structured questionnaire and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Results were expressed using tables and figures. The chi-square test was used for comparison across the groups, and p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Among the 656 subjects,90%(n=570) belonged to age group of 18-20 years and 44.8%(n=287) were from science stream. Overall,41%(n=268) students were aware about the practice of BSE and a statistically significant association was seen with their stream. Also, 12%(n=78) performed BSE and out of them 69% (n=54) performed it at an ideal frequency. Among the students with a positive family history of breast cancer (4.5%), 92.3% felt the need for BSE education as compared to others.

Conclusion:
High number of young females (59.14%) did not have knowledge and those who performed BSE, followed incorrect techniques (94.7%). Most of them had a favourable attitude towards learning more about BSE.
IJCM_7A: Anxiety and Insomnia among the Medical students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mangalore
Authors: Smrithi GM , Ahuja Kriti , Hutton Veena , Padmakumar Megha , Beeravalli Manasa , Goyal Srishti , Sebastian Sheron , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Interrupted classes which gradually shifted to online mode isolating students from their friends during the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health status of the medical students.

Objective:
To assess the mental health outcomes among the health science students in Mangalore and the factors associated with these outcomes.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study included 295 health science students of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The sample size was calculated based on a study from Morocco, where 62.3% of the medical students experienced anxiety-related symptoms. Anxiety was assessed using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale and Insomnia using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The questionnaire was prepared in google forms and a link was generated which was disseminated to the students via social media platforms.

Results:
A higher proportion (n=179, 60.7%) of the participants in our study were females. In our study, 59% (n=173) of the participants had symptoms related to insomnia and 66% of the participants had anxiety-related symptoms.
A higher proportion of participants who had anxiety-related symptoms were younger than 20 years of age, were females, belonged to MBBS course, and were not living with their family. However, none of the factors were found to be statistically significant. (P>0.05)

Conclusion:
The mental health status of the participants in our study was poor with the majority of the participants reporting symptoms of anxiety and insomnia.
IJCM_73A: Knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception of women regarding breastfeeding- A mixed method study conducted in the tribal areas of Koraput, India.
Authors: Bhakta Madhumita , Panda Jasmin Nilima , Satapathy Durga Madhab 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure a child’s health and survival. Contrary to WHO recommendations, fewer than half of infants under 6 months old are exclusively breastfed. Although we know about breastfeeding practices in urban and rural populations, very little knowledge is available about breastfeeding practices and their correlates among the tribal population.

Objectives:
1. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices prevailing among tribal women about breastfeeding 2. To explore the facilitators and barriers to infant breastfeeding practices amongst women in tribal areas.

Methodology:
Study design- Mixed method study. Study period- May, 2023 to July, 2023 Study population- tribal women of Koraput district. Study setting- villages in Koraput Inclusion criteria- 1. Women belonging to Scheduled Tribe communities. 2. Having at least one living issue. 3. Residing in their respective villages during the study period. Exclusion criteria- 1. Those who did not consent to the study. 2. Not residing in their respective villages. Sampling- Multistage sampling. Sample size- 500.

Results:
78.6% of mothers belong to the age group 21-30 years, 93.4% were literate whereas 6.6% were illeterate, 88% were housewives with 78.8% belonging from joint family. Majority of them had good knowledge regarding breastfeeding, though they lacked clarity on the concept of exclusive breastfeeding. Majority of their knowledge about breastfeeding was from relatives or neighbours and healthcare workers. having multiple children in quick succession serves as a major barrier to exclusive breastfeeding.

Conclusion:
The findings can form targeted interventions and policy initiatives to reduce the barriers and promote the facilitating factors for optimal breastfeeding practices within this unique cultural setting, ultimately contributing to improved maternal and child health outcomes.
IJCM_74A: Reproductive health problems and its determinants among the tribal women in Wayanad, Kerala; a cross sectional study.
Authors: Haseena KP , Joy Sarah , George Kelita , Joy Teena Mary 
Published: April 2024

Background:
India has the largest proportion of tribal population, and there is a growing concern about the maternal and reproductive health of women, particularly those who are marginalized. In Kerala, the maternal and reproductive health indicators of tribal women exhibit notable variations compared to other social groups.

Objectives:
1) To estimate the prevalence of reproductive health problems among the tribal women in Wayanad district. 2)To assess the factors associated with reproductive health problems.

Methodology:
A convenience sampling method was employed to conduct a cross-sectional study involving 300 tribal women aged 15-49 in Kalpatta, Wayanad district. The study gathered information on sociodemographic factors, reproductive health issues, hygienic practices, and anthropometric details through a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered into MS Excel, and the analysis was carried out using SPSS 21.0.

Results:
The mean age of the participants is 30.4±10.3 years. The prevalence of reporting any reproductive health issue is 16.3%, with 10.7% reporting two symptoms and 14.7% reporting three or more while 58.3% had no symptoms. The most common symptom is abnormal vaginal discharge with itching (57.1%). Among the participants, 64.5% are currently married, with 41.7% having low BMI, 55% use smokeless tobacco products,93.7% maintain good hygienic practices and 18.7% experienced pregnancy wastage. Occupation status and hygienic practices were found to be significantly associated with reproductive health problems.

Conclusion:
Adhering to appropriate hygiene practices in daily life, including menstruation, can minimize prevalent reproductive health issues among women in tribal communities.
IJCM_75A: Assessment of Perinatal Anxiety among Postpartum Mothers admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital, Raipur City (Chhattisgarh)
Authors: Soni Shikha , Gupta Shubhra Agrawal , Dhurandhar Tripti , Agrawal Shailendra 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Maternal mental and emotional health plays an important role in child nutrition and health. About 10% of pregnant women and 13% of women who recently gave birth suffer from perinatal depression and anxiety. This can impair maternal functioning, cause distress, and may interrupt mother–infant bond formation.

Objectives:
1) To assess the Perinatal anxiety among postpartum mothers using PASS (Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale).

Methodology:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted in postpartum mothers after 24 hr of delivery admitted in Tertiary Care Hospital, Raipur City (Chhattisgarh). After taking informed consent. consecutive sampling was applied for the collection of data and the sample size was 400. €¢ Perinatal anxiety-related questions asked by Perinatal anxiety screening scale which is a 4-point Likert scale (not at all/some times/often/almost always). This scale contains a total of 31 questions which are divided into 04 domains i.e. Excessive worry and specific fears, perfectionism, control and trauma, social anxiety, acute anxiety, and adjustment having 10, 08, 05, and 08 no. of questions in each domain respectively.

Results:
Only 14.5% of study subjects are asymptomatic while almost all ie 85.5% have varying grades of perinatal anxiety ranging from mild to moderate i.e.54.75%, and severe anxiety i.e. 30.75%.

Conclusion:
The new mothers are very much anxious about perfectionism, control, and trauma i.e. 91.5% have mild-moderate symptoms of anxiety severity for this domain.
IJCM_76A: Assessment of quality of life after normal vaginal delivery and caesarean section among mothers at a government tertiary care hospital, Bengaluru - A cross sectional study.
Authors: Mathew Anu Priya C , Jadhav Jyothi , Ranganath T S 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Quality of life comprises multifaceted dimensions encompassing physical, emotional, social, and psychological aspects. Assessing quality of life is essential not only for mothers but also for their children, family members, and the community. Understanding the impact of different modes of delivery on women’s well-being is crucial for healthcare providers to offer appropriate support and interventions.

Objective:
To assess and compare the quality of life after normal vaginal delivery and caesarean section among mothers at a government tertiary care hospital, Bengaluru.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers at a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru. A pilot study was conducted and sample size was calculated as 200, with 100 participants in each group. Samples were selected using a simple random sampling method, and data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess the quality of life. The collected data was entered into MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS 21.0

Results:
Out of 200 participants, the mean age of the study population was 24.32 ± 5.58 years. Comparison between the vaginal and cesarean groups revealed that the vaginal birth group had higher mean scores in the physical health domain. Factors such as physical functioning, emotional well-being, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities were found to be significantly associated with modes of delivery.

Conclusion:
Different modes of delivery have their own unique challenges and benefits, this study illuminated distinct differences in quality of life. Normal vaginal delivery was associated with a quicker physical recuperation compared to caesarean section, while caesarean sections demanded a longer recovery period and potential physical limitations.
IJCM_77A: Predictors of fetal growth restriction in preterm birth
Authors: Ganesh  , Rao Suchetha S , Mithra Prasanna , Rai Santosh , Pai Keshava K , Shetty Shraddha K , Sauda  , Akshaya K M 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is defined as fetuses whose estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference is below the 10th percentile for gestational age. As Africa and South Asia account for 60-85% of these births, it becomes important to study the predictive factors of fetal growth restriction in preterm birth.

Objective:
To study the socio-demographic and obstetrics factors as predictive factors of fetal growth restriction in preterm birth.

Methodology:
This was a case-control study. The sample size was 10 (four mothers with a preterm baby with fetal growth restriction and six mothers with a preterm baby without fetal growth restriction). Through a proforma the socio-demographic, obstetric, neonatal details, and ultrasound readings were collected. The results were summarized using mean and standard deviations.

Results:
The average gestational age was 32.5 weeks in cases and 32.7 weeks in controls. In this study, oligohydramnios (0.011) and history of abortion (0.011) were seen more in mothers with fgr in preterm birth compared to those in mothers with non-fgr in preterm birth babies.

Conclusion:
Oligohydramnios and history of abortion were the predictors of fetal growth restriction in preterm birth.
IJCM_79A: A cross sectional study to compare the emotional maturity between middle school children of working and non-working mothers.
Authors: Singh Caroline K , Abishek J 
Published: April 2024

Background:
A child’s overall development is based on physical and emotional well-being. Parenting skills plays a vital role in child’s emotional well-being and can be influenced by many factors and one of the factors is mother’s working status.

Objectives:
1. To assess the emotional maturity level of middle school children. 2. To compare the emotional maturity levels between middle school children having working mothers and middle school children having non- working mothers.

Methodology:
An analytical cross-sectional study among middle school children between the age of 13 and 16 years was conducted in a school. A questionnaire-based interview was conducted using a standard semi structured Emotional maturity scale questionnaire.

Results:
The total students interviewed were 150 and were equally divided based on working status of mothers. Among them, 54.7% were boys and 45.3% were girls. 1.3% of the children of working mothers exhibited very low emotional maturity, but none of the children of non-working mothers did. Of the children of working mothers, 12% demonstrated low emotional maturity, compared to 8% of the children of non-working mothers. 78.7% of children whose mothers were working had an average level of emotional maturity, compared to 85.3% of children whose non-working mothers. 8% of the children of working mothers exhibited a high level of emotional maturity, compared to 6.7% of the children of non-working mothers. There was no significant difference between emotional maturity of children of working and non-working mothers (P=0.595).

Conclusion:
The study showed nil significant difference in emotional maturity score between children of working and non-working mothers. However, very low emotional maturity level was seen in Children of working mother which needs further importance. So, similar Future Studies with higher sample size will be needed to address this statistically and the concept of emotional maturity needs to be looked into with more preference to emotional maturity factors.