bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term cadmium exposure and the association with bone mineral density and fractures in a population-based study among women
Authors: Engström Annette , Michaëlsson Karl , Suwazono Yasushi , Wolk Alicja , Vahter Marie , Åkesson Agneta 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
All people are exposed to cadmium (Cd) via food; smokers are additionally exposed. High Cd exposure is associated with severe bone damage, but the public health impact in relation to osteoporosis and fractures at low environmental exposure remains to be clarified. Within the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, we assessed urinary Cd [U-Cd, µg/g of creatinine (cr)] as a marker of lifetime exposure and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among 2688 women. Register-based information on fractures was retrieved from 1997 to 2009. Associations were evaluated by multivariable regression analyses. In linear regression, U-Cd was inversely associated with BMD at the total body (p &lt; .001), femoral neck (p = .025), total hip (p = .004), lumbar spine (p = .088), and volumetric femoral neck (p = .013). In comparison with women with U-Cd &lt; 0.50 µg/g of cr, those with U-Cd ≥ 0.75 µg/g of cr had odds ratios (ORs) of 2.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–3.97] and 1.97 (95% CI 1.24–3.14) for osteoporosis at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, respectively. Among never-smokers, the corresponding ORs were 3.47 (95% CI 1.46–8.23) and 3.26 (95% CI 1.44–7.38). For any first fracture (n = 395), the OR was 1.16 (95% CI 0.89–1.50) comparing U-Cd ≥ 0.50 µg/g of cr with lower levels. Among never-smokers, the ORs (95% CIs) were 2.03 (1.33–3.09) for any first fracture, 2.06 (1.28–3.32) for first osteoporotic fracture, 2.18 (1.20–3.94) for first distal forearm fracture, and 1.89 (1.25–2.85) for multiple incident fractures. U-Cd at low environmental exposure from food in a general population of women showed modest but significant association with both BMD and fractures, especially in never-smokers, indicating a larger concern than previously known. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An essential role of discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) in osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte maturation via modulation of Runx2 activation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Su Jin , Yu Jiangtian , Bu Xin , Ren Tingting , Liu Xinping , Yao Libo 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) belongs to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family and is activated by collagen binding. Although the bone defects in Ddr2 null mice have been reported for a decade, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study sought to investigate the function and detailed mechanism of DDR2 in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Herein we found that in preosteoblastic cells, DDR2 activation was enhanced by osteogenic induction but was not paralleled with the alteration of DDR2 expression. Under differentiated condition, downregulation of endogenous DDR2 through specific shRNA dramatically repressed osteoblastic marker gene expression and osteogenic differentiation. Enforced expression of constitutively activated DDR2 increased the expression of bone markers in both undifferentiated and differentiated osteoblasts. Importantly, molecular evidence showed that DDR2 regulated the transactivity of Runx2, a master transcription factor involved in skeletal development, by modulating its phosphorylation. Analysis of candidate protein kinases indicated that extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activation is responsive to DDR2 signaling and involved in DDR2 regulation of Runx2 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. Notably, a gain-of-function mutant of Runx2 with enhanced ERK-independent phosphorylation rescued the impaired osteogenic phenotypes observed in Ddr2-silenced cells, whereas a Runx2 mutant devoid of phosphorylation regulation by ERK inhibited DDR2 induction of osteogenesis. In addition, DDR2 facilitated Runx2 transactivation and type X collagen expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Thus this study reveals for the first time that DDR2 plays an essential role in osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation. The mechanism disclosure may provide therapeutic targets for human genetic disorders caused by DDR2 deficiency. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The biological function of DMP-1 in osteocyte maturation is mediated by its 57-kDa c-terminal fragment
Authors: Lu Yongbo , Yuan Baozhi , Qin Chunlin , Cao Zhengguo , Xie Yixia , Dallas Sarah L , McKee Marc D , Drezner Marc K , Bonewald Lynda F , Feng Jian Q 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1) is a key molecule in controlling osteocyte formation and phosphate homeostasis. Based on observations that full-length DMP-1 is not found in bone, but only cleaved fragments of 37 and 57 kDa are present, and in view of the finding that mutations in the 57-kDa fragment result in disease, we hypothesized that the 57-kDa C-terminal fragment is the functional domain of DMP-1. To test this hypothesis, a 3.6-kb type I collagen promoter was used to express this 57-kDa C-terminal fragment for comparison with full-length DMP-1 in Dmp1 null osteoblasts/osteocytes. Not only did expression of the full-length DMP-1 in bone cells fully rescue the skeletal abnormalities of Dmp1 null mice, but the 57-kDa fragment also had similar results. This included rescue of growth plate defects, osteomalacia, abnormal osteocyte maturation, and the abnormal osteocyte lacunocanalicular system. In addition, the abnormal fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) expression in osteocytes, elevated circulating FGF-23 levels, and hypophosphatemia were rescued. These results show that the 57-kDa C-terminal fragment is the functional domain of DMP-1 that controls osteocyte maturation and phosphate metabolism. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ward's area location, physical activity, and body composition in 8- and 9-year-old boys and girls
Authors: Cardadeiro Graça , Baptista Fátima , Zymbal Vera , Rodrigues Luís A , Sardinha Luís B 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
Bone strength is the result of its material composition and structural design, particularly bone mass distribution. The purpose of this study was to analyze femoral neck bone mass distribution by Ward's area location and its relationship with physical activity (PA) and body composition in children 8 and 9 years of age. The proximal femur shape was defined by geometric morphometric analysis in 88 participants (48 boys and 40 girls). Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images, 18 landmarks were digitized to define the proximal femur shape and to identify Ward's area position. Body weight, lean and fat mass, and bone mineral were assessed by DXA, PA by accelerometry, and bone age by the Tanner-Whitehouse III method. Warps analysis with Thin-Plate Spline software showed that the first axis explained 63% of proximal femur shape variation in boys and 58% in girls. Most of this variation was associated with differences in Ward's area location, from the central zone to the superior aspect of the femoral neck in both genders. Regression analysis demonstrated that body composition explained 4% to 7% of the proximal femur shape variation in girls. In boys, body composition variables explained a similar amount of variance, but moderate plus vigorous PA (MVPA) also accounted for 6% of proximal femur shape variation. In conclusion, proximal femur shape variation in children ages 8 and 9 was due mainly to differences in Ward's area position determined, in part, by body composition in both genders and by MVPA in boys. These variables were positively associated with a central Ward's area and thus with a more balanced femoral neck bone mass distribution. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Systematic benchmarking of large molecular dynamics simulations employing GROMACS on massive multiprocessing facilities
Authors: Gruber Christian C. , Pleiss Jürgen 
Published: September 2010

AbstractThe influence of the total number of cores, the number of cores dedicated to Particle mesh Ewald (PME) calculation and the choice of single vs. double precision on the performance of molecular dynamic (MD) simulations in the size of 70,000 to 1.7 million of atoms was analyzed on three different high‐performance computing facilities employing GROMACS 4 by running about 6000 benchmark simulations. Small and medium sized systems scaled linear up to 64 and 128 cores, respectively. Systems with half a million to 1.2 million atoms scaled linear up to 256 cores. The best performance was achieved by dedicating 25% of the total number of cores to PME calculation. Double precision calculations lowered the performance by 30–50%. A database for collecting information about MD simulations and the achieved performance was created and is freely available online and allows the fast estimation of the performance that can be expected in similar environments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2011
Loneliness and negative life events as predictors of hopelessness and suicidal behaviors in hispanics: evidence for a diathesis‐stress model
Authors: Chang Edward C. , Sanna Lawrence J. , Hirsch Jameson K. , Jeglic Elizabeth L. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn the present study, we examined loneliness and negative life events as predictors of suicide risk (viz., hopelessness and suicidal behaviors) in a sample of 160 Hispanic adults. Consistent with expectations, we found loneliness and negative life events to be positively associated with both hopelessness and suicidal behaviors. In addition, results of conducting hierarchical regression analyses indicated that loneliness accounted for significant amounts of variance in both measures of suicide risk, ranging from 24% to 29% of the variance. The inclusion of negative life events as a predictor was found to account for additional unique variance in hopelessness (3%), but not in suicidal behaviors, beyond what was predicted by loneliness. Finally, consistent with a diathesis‐stress model, the Loneliness × Negative Life Events interaction was found to account for an additional 3% of the variance in both suicide risk measures. Implications of the present findings for future research on suicide risk in Hispanics are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–12, 2010.
A critical review of objective personality inventories with sex offenders
Authors: Davis Karen M. , Archer Robert P. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThis review provides a critical analysis of the ability of multiscale inventories to distinguish between sex offender and nonoffender control groups, as well as to discriminate sex offenders from other types of offenders. In addition to expanding upon previous reviews that examined the utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) with this population (e.g., Levin & Stava, 1987), the current review included studies that utilized other multiscale inventories commonly used in forensic practice (i.e., MMPI‐2, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory‐III [MCMI‐III], Personality Assessment Inventory) and, when possible, provides effect sizes to evaluate group differences. Based on the review, the various forms of the MMPI and MCMI are clearly the most widely used instruments in sex offender populations. The MMPI Pd scale has shown moderate to large effect sizes when distinguishing between sex offender and nonsex offender groups, but this relationship may be reflective of antisocial behavior in general rather than traits specific to sex offenders. Recommendations to standardize future research classification strategies and more effectively utilize these instruments when assessing sex offenders are also provided. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–27, 2010.
Conductive‐diamond electrochemical advanced oxidation of naproxen in aqueous solution: optimizing the process
Authors: González Teresa , Domínguez Joaquín R. , Palo Patricia , Sánchez‐Martín Jesús 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Electrochemical advanced oxidation treatment using boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrodes is a promising technology to treat small amounts of toxic and biorefractory pollutants in water. This process has been tested on the degradation of naproxen, a common pollutant drug present in surface waters. To optimize the process a series of experiments have been designed to study the interaction between four variables: pH (over the range 5–11); current (0–320 mA cm−2); supporting Na2SO4 electrolyte concentration (0–0.375 mol L−1); and solution flow rate (Qv) between 3.64 and 10.8 cm3 min−1.RESULTS: Among these variables the influence of current was the greatest, the second was the salt concentration, the third flow rate, and the fourth pH. An ANOVA test reported significance for seven of the fourteen variables involved and the degradation of naproxen was optimized using response surface methodology.CONCLUSIONS: Optimum conditions for naproxen removal (100%) were found to be pH = 10.70, Qv = 4.10 cm3 min−1, current density = 194 mA cm−2 using a supporting electrolyte concentration of 0.392 mol L−1. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Precipitation of barium carbonate from alkanolamine solution—study of CO2 absorption from landfill gas (LFG)
Authors: Gaur Ankur , Park Jin‐Won , Jang Jung‐Hwa , Song Ho‐Jun 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAddition of barium chloride (BaCl2.2H2O) to alknolamine aids formation of barium carbonates when landfill gas (LFG) is passed through the alkanolamine solution. The process is an economical and efficient way of removing large amounts of CO2. Supersaturation plays an important role in this interesting process. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Transmission X‐ray microscopy for full‐field nano imaging of biomaterials
Authors: Andrews Joy C. , Meirer Florian , Liu Yijin , Mester Zoltan , Pianetta Piero 
Published: August 2010

AbstractImaging of cellular structure and extended tissue in biological materials requires nanometer resolution and good sample penetration, which can be provided by current full‐field transmission X‐ray microscopic techniques in the soft and hard X‐ray regions. The various capabilities of full‐field transmission X‐ray microscopy (TXM) include 3D tomography, Zernike phase contrast, quantification of absorption, and chemical identification via X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray absorption near edge structure imaging. These techniques are discussed and compared in light of results from the imaging of biological materials including microorganisms, bone and mineralized tissue, and plants, with a focus on hard X‐ray TXM at ≤ 40‐nm resolution. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bimodal magnetic–fluorescent probes for bioimaging
Authors: Jańczewski Dominik , Zhang Yan , Das Gautom Kumar , Yi Dong Kee , Padmanabhan Parasuraman , Bhakoo Kishore K. , Tan Timothy Thatt Yang , Selvan Subramanian Tamil 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFluorescent optical probes have been intensively used in the area of bio‐imaging. In this review article, we describe the recent advancements in the synthesis and application of bimodal magnetic–fluorescent probes for bioimaging. The bimodal probes consist of fluorescent [semiconducting quantum dots (e.g., CdSe/ZnS) or rare‐earth doped (e.g., NaYF4:Yb,Er)] nanoparticles (NPs) and magnetic (iron oxide or gadolinium based) NPs for optical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Description of the immatures of workers of the ant Linepithema micans forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Nondillo Aline , Solis Daniel Russ , Fox Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson , Rossi Mônica Lanzoni , Botton Marcos , Bueno Odair Correa 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLinepithema micans Forel is a poorly studied species that is now considered a pest in vineyards in South Brazil. Larval characters have been used in a few phylogenetic studies, and their importance greatly depends in the amount of available information on different species. This study presents a complete panorama on the external morphology of the immatures of L. micans based on observations by light and scanning electron microscopy. The number of larval instars was estimated as three based on the frequency distribution of head widths of 965 larvae. Larvae of L. micans were similar to other Linepithema Mayr in the general format of body and mandibles, presenting a dorsal abdominal protuberance, nine pairs of spiracle, and unbranched hairs. On the other hand, L. micans was unique for having shorter hairs, predominantly denticulate, intraspecific variation in the number of antennal sensilla and in the types of sensilla on the labial palps were reported. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental changes in the expression of sox2 in the zebrafish brain
Authors: GermanÀ Antonino , Montalbano Giuseppe , Guerrera M. Cristina , Amato Valentina , LaurÀ Rosaria , Magnoli Domenico , Campo Salvatore , Suarez‐Fernandez Elda , Ciriaco Emilia , Vega JosÈ A. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe family of B1 Sox transcription factors plays critical roles in the early stages of development, including the central nervous system. It was demonstrated that Sox2 is expressed in repressed neural stem cells. Therefore, we decided to investigate the expression of Sox2 in the brain of zebrafish at different ages to identify potential neurogenic areas, and to establish the developmental changes they undergo. The brains were assessed by qRT‐PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The maximal expression of Sox2 was found at 15 dpf progressively decreases up to 30 dpf, then increases up to 40 dpf and remains unchanged up to 180 dpf. By western blot three protein bands of 28 kDa, 34 kDa (main band), and 38 kDa were detected in the brain of 180 dpf animals. The immunolocalization of Sox2 revealed that by 15 dpf Sox2 was detected in cells of the olfactory bulb, the walls of the telencephalic and diencephalic ventricles, several nucleus in the diencephalons, and the tectum opticum; by 25–50 dpf the Sox2 positive areas were the same as above, and in the rhombencephalic ventricle and cerebellum. In adult animals Sox2 was restricted to the olfactory bulb and to cells of the telencephalic ventricle walls. Taken together present results demonstrate that the potential neurogenic areas in the brain of zebrafish are widespread than in mammals and change with development, but they are primarily concentrated around the ventricles and olfactory bulb in adults, following a similar localization as in mammals. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microscopic evidences that bone marrow mononuclear cell treatment improves sciatic nerve regeneration after neurorrhaphy
Authors: Lopes‐Filho JoÃO D. , Caldas Heloisa C. , Santos Fernanda C.A. , Mazzer Nilton , SimÕes Gustavo F. , Kawasaki‐oyama Rosa S. , Abbud‐filho Mario , Oliveira Alexandre R. , Toboga SebastiÃo R. , Chueire Alceu G. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractCell therapy constitutes a possibility for improving nerve regeneration, increasing the success of nerve repair. We evaluate the use of mononuclear cells in the regeneration of the sciatic nerve after axotomy followed by end‐to‐end neurorrhaphy. Forty adult male Wistar rats (250–300 g) were divided into four groups: (1) sham, (2) neurorrhaphy: the sciatic nerve was sectioned and repaired using epineural sutures, (3) culture medium: after the suture, received an injection of 10 μL of culture medium into the nerve, and (4) mononuclear cell: after the suture, a concentration of 3 × 106 of mononuclear cell was injected in epineurium region. Mononuclear cells were obtained from the bone marrow aspirates and separated by Ficoll‐Hypaque method. The histological analyses were performed at the 4th postoperative day. The sciatic functional index, histological, and morphometric analyzes were used to evaluate nerve regeneration at the 6th postoperative week. Six rats were used for immunohistochemical analysis on the 4th postoperative day. In the group 4, on the fourth day, the histological analysis demonstrated a more accelerated degenerative process and an increase of the neurotrophic factors was observed. In the 6th week, all the morphometric results of the group 4 were statistically better compared with groups 2 and 3. There was a statistically significant improvement in the sciatic functional index for group 4 compared with groups 2 and 3. Mononuclear cells stimulated nerve regeneration, most probably by speeding up the Wallerian degeneration process as well as stimulating the synthesis of neurotrophic factors. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical analysis of turgescent and semi‐dry resurrection plants: The effect of sample preparation on the sample, resolution, and image quality of X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (μCT)
Authors: Korte Nikola , Porembski Stefan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractComputer tomography has been used frequently for the 3‐D visualization of plant anatomical traits but sample preparation has been widely neglected. Without any preparation smaller (i.e., up to 1 × 1 cm2) turgescent or semi‐dry plant samples (especially leaf samples) diminish the image quality of a scan due to gradual water loss and therefore constant movement. A suitable preparation for scans of turgescent and semi‐dry plant samples with a high resolution μCT (<1–5 μm) has to be very thin, heat‐resistant (up to 35°C), have a low attenuation coefficient, and should not alter the water content and structure of the sample. Several agents have been tested, but only a coating with vaseline conserved the water content of a plant sample efficiently. However, water molecules and vaseline both attenuate the X‐ray beam, which decreases the image quality of scans of turgescent or semi‐dry plant samples. Therefore, trade‐offs between the spatial resolution, sample water content, sample size, and image quality have to be considered: larger samples have to be placed further away from the X‐ray tube, which leads to a lower spatial resolution; water and preparation agents attenuate the X‐ray beam, causing low‐quality images which may be accompanied by motion artifacts compared to a scan of a dry sample, where no preparation is necessary. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leaf epidermal characteristics of Cissampelos L. (Menispermaceae) species from Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Porto Niara Moura , De Figueiredo Regina Célia Bressan Queiroz , Oliveira Antonio Fernando Morais , De Fátima Agra Maria 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe morphological similarities among the species of Cissampelos are remarkable and the difficult to distinguish them as well. This article presents a comparative anatomical study of the leaves of common Northeastern Brazilian species of Cissampelos, carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. The leaf epidermal was studied to obtain data on epidermal characteristics and to evaluate their taxonomic significance. As results, some micromorphological characters on the leaf epidermal like the cuticular waxes, the presence of papillae in epidermis and nonglandular trichomes, the anticlinal walls epidermal cells, the distribution, density and type of trichomes, and also the type and distribution of epicuticular wax proved to be the most useful characteristics to distinguish the species in taxonomic studies. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.