bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and recommendations for parent–child conversations about pornography
Authors: Dawson Kate , Gabhainn Saoirse Nic , Friday Ross , MacNeela Pádraig 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionParents consistently report being worried about the impact of online pornography on their adolescent and pre-adolescent children’s development. Yet, most parents do not discuss pornography as part of parent–child conversations about sexuality. The current study sought to identify the barriers to parent–child conversations about pornography.MethodsWe present two studies. The first study employed one-to-one interviews to explore parents’ (n = 14) beliefs about their role in their child’s pornography education. The second study involved the quantitative assessment of Study 1 findings in a sample of parents of pre-adolescent and adolescent children (n = 408).ResultsFindings indicate that three overarching themes prevent parents from addressing pornography with their adolescent children, parents’ practical ability to discuss pornography, their attitudes toward discussing pornography, and the perceived positive impact of addressing pornography with their adolescent children. Practical ability was most often reported as the greatest barrier to parents engaging in parent–child conversations about pornography. Most notably, parents reported hesitancy in discussing pornography because they did not know how to define pornography or how to address pornography in an age-appropriate way. Fathers were also significantly less likely to believe that talking about pornography was socially acceptable.DiscussionWe discuss the implications of these findings and present recommendations for developing a parents’ pornography education resource.
Measles Vaccine Coverage and Disease Outbreaks: A Systematic Review of the Early Impact of COVID-19 in Low and Lower-Middle Income Countries
Authors: Packham Alice , Taylor Alice E. , Karangwa Marie-Paule , Sherry Emma , Muvunyi Claude , Green Christopher A. 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate changes to measles-containing vaccine (MCV) provision and subsequent measles disease cases in low- and lower-middle income countries (LICs, LMICs) in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A systematic search was conducted of MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE and PubMed records. Primary quantitative and qualitative research studies published from January 2020 were included if they reported on COVID-19 impact on MCV provision and/or measles outbreak rates within LICs and LMICs.Results: 45 studies were included. The change in MCV1 vaccination coverage in national and international regions ranged −13% to +44.4% from pre-COVID time periods. In local regions, the median MCV1 and overall EPI rate changed by −23.3% and −28.5% respectively. Median MCV2 rate was disproportionally impacted in local areas during COVID-interruption time-periods (−48.2%) with ongoing disruption in early-recovery time-periods (−17.7%). 8.9% of studies reported on vaccination status of confirmed measles cases; from these, 71%–91% had received no MCV dose.Conclusion: MCV vaccination coverage experienced ongoing disruption during the recovery periods after initial COVID-19 disruption. Vaccination in local area datasets notably experienced longer-term disruption compared to nationally reported figures.
Technical choices and processes of stone vessel manufacture under the reign of king Den : evidence from the Cemetery M at Abu Rawash
Authors: Takenouchi Keita 
Published: April 2024

Stone vessels were produced on a large scale during the Early Dynastic Period. The pro-duction of stone vessels in this period is a typ-ical example of the development of attached specialists that occurred parallel to the emer-gence of the central government and admin-istration. However, we are not thoroughly familiar with the specifics of the manufac-turing techniques and system that supported this large-scale production in Early Dynastic society. This paper reconstructs the detailed manufacturing techniques and processes of the cylindrical jars and the open forms through the observation and analysis of the unpublished materials from the Cemetery M (excavated by Montet) at Abu Rawash. This research has found that travertine bowls were probably shaped by irregular and less precise polishing than mudstone. Addition-ally, the deeper bowls were found to have a intensive use of “figure-of-eight” shaped reamers. Craftsmen also selected techniques, processes, and tools according to vessel shape and size in addition to the hardness and nature of the stone. The detailed manufacturing process of the cylindrical jars is also reconstructed. These cylindrical jars can be classified into two categories : high-quality and low-quality jars. The low-quality and small-sized jars were manufactured by a more intensive use of “figure-of-eight” shaped reamer. A comparison with quantitative data from other cemeteries at Abu Rawash and other Early Dynastic sites indicates that the low-quality and the small jars were probably supplied to Abu Rawash as “commoditized products” during the 2 nd Dynasty. Finally, the article discusses the increased use of rota-tional reaming techniques with a “figure-of-eight” shaped reamer in the manufacture of both cylindrical jars and bowls during the 2 nd
Dynasty.
Estudo da integridade superficial do aço rápido ABNT M2 usinado por EDM
Authors: Rodrigues Jean Robert Pereira , Martins Keyll Carlos Ribeiro , Araújo Júnior Antônio Santos , Assunção Wellington de , Oliveira Fernando Lima de , Rocha Moisés dos Santos , Leitão Filho Sebastião Raimundo de Jesus Belém , Sousa Sônia Rocha Santos 
Published: April 2024

A usinagem por eletroerosão, é um processo excepcional para usinagem de formas complexas em materiais condutores elétricos, principalmente para aqueles com elevada dureza, difíceis de serem usinados por processos convencionais. Nos últimos anos, inúmeros pesquisadores buscaram descobrir novas técnicas de se usinar materiais, uma vez que cada dia mais materiais são submetidos a aplicações e trabalhos mais severos, exigindo uma maior sofisticação na produção e desenvolvimento dos mesmos para fabricação de máquinas e equipamentos. Com esta sofisticação aplicada aos materiais, surge a necessidade do desenvolvimento de processos refinados de usinagem por eletroerosão para fabricação de peças e componentes das mais variadas formas e dimensões com elevada precisão dimensional. O trabalho relata experimentos realizados em uma moderna máquina eletroerosiva usando eletrodo-ferramenta de cobre eletrolítico na usinagem de peças de aço rápido ABNT M2 visando investigar o efeito de diferentes fluidos dielétricos sobre espessura da camada refundida e o perfil de microdureza. Uma análise comparativa comprova que amostras usinadas com o fluido dielétrico de baixa viscosidade apresentam maior espessura da camada refundida. No entanto ao se analisar a microdureza, constatou-se que para todos os fluidos dieletricos ocorreu um acrescimo nos valores a partir da camada refundida até o material de base.
Level assessment of 87Rb in rubidium-filled MEMS vapor cells by X-ray imaging for atomic magnetometers
Authors: Jiang Minwei , Wang Jian , Zhai Hao , Chen Chen , Zhang Qi , Wu Dongmin , Zhang Baoshun , Zeng Zhongming , Lin Jie , Wang Yiqun , Jiang Chunyu , Jin Peng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Quantitative assessments of the level and lifetime of alkali metal in the atomic vapor cells are essential for improving the stability of atomic magnetometers. In this paper, a fast and non-destructive approach is proposed to directly characterize the level of 87Rb in a hermetic MEMS vapor cell. The MEMS-compatible 87Rb evaporation technique is developed to dispense 87Rb in the vapor cells with high efficiency. The morphology of the metallic 87Rb in the MEMS vapor cell is visualized by the non-destructive X-ray technique, and the measured contact angle is 43° ± 2°. Combined with the image recognition, the quantitative characterization of the 87Rb is achieved, and the consumption rates of 87Rb in MEMS cells are experimentally investigated. The presented approach is beneficial for the fabrication and performance enhancement of vapor cells for atomic magnetometers.
Formation of ohmic contacts on heavily Al+-implanted p-type SiC without an alloying process
Authors: Kuwahara Kotaro , Kitawaki Takeaki , Hara Masahiro , Kaneko Mitsuaki , Kimoto Tsunenobu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and contact resistivity (

ρ

c

) of Ni electrodes formed on heavily Al+-implanted p-type SiC without an alloying process were investigated. A nearly ohmic I–V curve with a

ρ

c

of 9.3 × 10−2 Ωcm2 was demonstrated for non-alloyed Ni electrodes by very high-dose Al+ implantation (3.1 × 1020 cm−3). The dependence of the experimental

ρ

c

on net acceptor density (N
A) can be described by a change in the contribution of direct tunneling and trap-assisted tunneling.
Heart in acromegaly – proposal to modify the definition of acromegalic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Popielarz-Grygalewicz Agata , Zgliczyński Wojciech 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Acromegaly is a systemic disease significantly affecting cardiovascular system. As a result of increased GH and IGF-1 values, changes occur in the heart, which are commonly called acromegaly cardiomyopathy.
The progress in the treatment of acromegaly and comorbidities has changed the characteristics of this cardiomyopathy, and its 3rd stage is very rare today, it is reported from 1 to 4%. In turn, progress in diagnostics and the possibility of using new echocardiographic techniques, like speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), allows to recognize the changes at the subclinical level.
Due to the reversibility of some symptoms, early detection of changes and implementation of treatment is very important. This reduces the risk of cardiac complications, and consequently improves the quality and prolongs life.
Changes in radioactive contamination of living ground cover plants in black alder stands since the Chornobyl accident in the forests of Zhytomyr Polissia
Authors: Жуковський О. В. , Краснов В. П. , Курбет Т. В. , Мельник-Шамрай В. В. 
Published: April 2024

The results of research conducted over the past 30 years in the forest ecosystems of Zhytomyr Polissia, in the areas affected by radioactive contamination as a result of the Chornobyl accident. In the course of the research carried out at the Poliskyi Branch of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky, methods of forest radioecology, botany, and forestry were used, and the results were processed using statistical analysis. The peculiarities of radioactive contamination of the most common herbaceous and dwarf-shrub plants in the stands of black alder in damp fairly fertile site types were studied. As indicators characterizing these features, we used 137Cs specific activity in the aboveground part of plants and the transfer factor of radionuclide to plant phytomass from the soil. It was found that the highest values of the transfer factor of 137Cs from the soil to the aerial part of the plant phytomass in 1999 are characteristic of ferns: for Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray (276.9 m2∙kg-1∙10-3), Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs (236.5 m2∙kg-1∙10-3), Thelypteris palustris Schott (171.2 m2∙kg-1∙10-3), and Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth (164.0 m2∙kg-1∙10-3). It was found that among the higher plants, the highest values of this indicator are for the Agrostis stolonifera L. (263.5 m2∙kg-1∙10-3), Galium uliginosum L. (155.8 m2∙kg-1∙10-3) and Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt (155.4 m2∙kg-1∙10-3). It was found out that the previously noted trends and interspecific differences in radionuclide accumulation persist after 22 years. It is shown, using the example of three plant species (Lysimachia vulgaris L., Galium uliginosum, and Maianthemum bifolium), that during the observation period (1991-2021) there is a gradual decrease in radioactive contamination of living ground cover plants and the intensity of 137Cs intake into them. This is explained by the decay of the radioactive element, its entry into various perennial components of forest ecosystems, some fixation in the soil, and, possibly, its removal beyond their borders. The established decrease in 137Cs specific activity in the aboveground part of plants is described by linear equations: for Lysimachia vulgaris – Am = –605.34a + 3745.6; R² = 0.98; Galium uliginosum – Am = –5107.5a + 30698; R² = 0.99; Maianthemum bifolium – Am = –4661.6 a + 28280; R² = 0.98. The identified peculiarities of radioactive contamination of various plant species, changes in 137Cs specific activity in them, and transfer factors of the radionuclide from the soil in stands of black alder in damp fairly fertile site types can be used in scientific works to predict possible changes in its redistribution within the ecosystem, as well as in the practice of harvesting medicinal plants in areas contaminated with radionuclides.
Confronting Challenges Facing Teachers in Implementing Competency-Based Curriculum in Uganda: A Case of Secondary Schools in Gulu City
Authors: Kidega Charles , Song Zheng , Ugochinyere Ibeakamma Chinazaekpere , James Okwel Aria , Ndikubwimana Faustin 
Published: April 2024

This paper investigated the challenges facing teachers in implementing a competence-based curriculum in secondary schools in Uganda. The study employed a qualitative research approach that utilised a case study research design. The sample of the study included 50 teachers who were randomly selected, 4 heads of schools, and 4 education officers who were purposefully selected from 4 public secondary schools found in Gulu City, Uganda. Observations and interviews were used to collect the required information. The findings established that teachers faced a variety of challenges that impeded the effective implementation of a competence-based curriculum in teaching and learning. The researcher also noticed that teachers face a big problem in the implementation of competency-based curricula: insufficient training of teachers and limited engagement of teachers in workshops and seminars that would help enrich them with some skills. So, in a sense, the implementation of CBC started without enough teacher training. Poor infrastructure in schools, limited numbers of housing facilities for teachers, no recommended teaching materials given to teachers, too many students in the classroom, and high computer illiteracy rates among teachers limited the success of CBC implementation in Uganda, especially in government-aided secondary schools. Based on the results of the study, the researcher recommended the following strategies to improve the implementation of CBC in secondary schools in Uganda: revamping teacher professional development; in order to effectively facilitate learning and engage with contemporary learners, teacher educators must be with teaching teachers; establish a robust plan for ongoing constructive interactions by NCDC with all other stakeholders; provide timely resources; and invest enough in schools so that they can deliver the right curriculum. Ensure regular inspection; the inspection role should be equipped to ensure the consistency of the curriculum. Teachers should encourage and practice more project-based learning and also harmonize and implement the language of instruction and evaluation policy clearly to avoid confusion among teachers
Revealing the Variation Mechanism of ON 231 via the Two-component Shock-in-jet Model
Authors: Wang Chi-Zhuo , Jiang Yun-Guo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The variation mechanism of blazars is a long-standing unresolved problem. In this work, we present a scenario to explain diverse variation phenomena for ON 231, where the jet emissions are composed of the flaring and the less variable components (most probably from the post-flaring blobs), and the variation is dominated by shock-in-jet instead of the Doppler effect. We perform correlation analysis for the multiwavelength light curves and find no significant correlations. For the optical band, ON 231 exhibits a harder when brighter (HWB) trend, and the trend seems to shift at different periods. Correspondingly, the correlation between the degree of polarization and flux exhibits a V-shaped behavior, and a similar translation relation during different periods is also found. These phenomena could be understood via the superposition of the flaring component and slowly varying background component. We also find that the slopes of the HWB trend become smaller at higher flux levels, which indicates the energy-dependent acceleration processes of the radiative particles. For the X-ray band, we discover a trend transition from HWB to softer when brighter (SWB) to HWB. We consider that the X-ray emission is composed of both the synchrotron tail and the synchrotron self-Compton components, which could be described by two log-parabolic functions. By varying the peak frequency, we reproduce the observed trend transition in a quantitative manner. For the γ-ray band, we find the SWB trend, which could be explained naturally if a very-high-energy γ-ray background component exists. Our study elucidates the variation mechanism of intermediate synchrotron-peaked BL Lac objects.
General-relativistic Radiation Transport Scheme in Gmunu. II. Implementation of Novel Microphysical Library for Neutrino Radiation—Weakhub
Authors: Ng Harry Ho-Yin , Cheong 張 Patrick Chi-Kit 志杰 , Lam Alan Tsz-Lok , Li Tjonnie Guang Feng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We introduce Weakhub, a novel neutrino microphysics library that provides opacities and kernels beyond conventional interactions used in the literature. This library includes neutrino–matter, neutrino–neutrino interactions and plasma process, along with corresponding weak and strong corrections. A full kinematics approach is adopted for the calculations of β-processes, incorporating various weak corrections and medium modifications due to the nuclear equation of state. Calculations of plasma processes, electron neutrino–antineutrino annihilation, and nuclear de-excitation are also included. We also present the detailed derivations of weak interactions and the coupling to the two-moment based general-relativistic multigroup radiation transport in the general-relativistic multigrid numerical (Gmunu) code. We compare the neutrino opacity spectra for all interactions and estimate their contributions at hydrodynamical points in core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star (BNS) postmerger remnants, and predict the effects of improved opacities in comparison to conventional ones for a BNS postmerger at a specific hydrodynamical point. We test the implementation of the conventional set of interactions by comparing it to an open-source neutrino library NuLib in a core-collapse supernova simulation. We demonstrate good agreement with discrepancies of less than ∼10% in luminosity for all neutrino species, while also highlighting the reasons contributing to the differences. To compare the advanced interactions to the conventional set in core-collapse supernova modeling, we perform simulations to analyze their impacts on neutrino signatures, hydrodynamical behaviors, and shock dynamics, showing significant deviations.
Insect floral visitors of thermo-Mediterranean shrubland maquis (Ajaccio, Corsica, France)
Authors: Maestracci Pierre-Yves , Plume Laurent , Gibernau Marc 
Published: April 2024

The Mediterranean Region represents a biodiversity hotspot with a high rate of endemism. In its western part, Corsica Island is notable in terms of biodiversity due to its large surface and its large range of habitats from seaside to alpine biotopes. Amongst diverse groups, insects, notably the main orders of pollinators composed of Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera, represent a good part of the insular richness.
Our sampling effort focused on the insects from these four orders visiting flowers in a characteristic thermo-Mediterranean vegetation. Our database is an insight into the Corsican floral visitor biodiversity from three sites separated by a few kilometres in the region of Ajaccio during 13 months over two successive years. In total, 4012 specimens were sampled and 252 species or morpho-species identified from 133 genera and 47 families. Beetles were by far the most abundant order representing about 54% of the sampled specimens. The most diverse order was the Hymenoptera representing 39% of the species. Our continuous survey showed that these orders are temporally dynamic both between years and between seasons in terms of abundance and diversity.
Bibliometric analysis of publications trends in Indonesian research institutions: A comparison of pre-integration (2015&ndash;2021) and post-integration (2022&ndash;2023) periods
Authors: Handoyo Setiowiji , Prastiti Poppy Indah Dwi , Stiaji Iwan Ridwan 
Published: April 2024

Background: Institutional transformation &ndash; integrating many disparate research insti-tutes into the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN, for Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional) &ndash; was the most significant reform in the history of institutional gov-ernance in Indonesia. This integration policy aims to enable the state to strengthen the national research and innovation ecosystem and improve the performance of research institutions, one indicator of which is their output of publications reporting the results of research.
Objectives: To compare the published output of research institutes before and after the integration of research institutions into BRIN.
Methods: Relevant data retrieved through Scopus on 24 December 2023 and span-ning the period between 2015 and 2023 were analysed using Microsoft Excel, and col-laboration networks of authors and of countries were constructed using VOSviewer and examined for co-authors in different countries collaborating with first authors in Indonesia.
Results: The number of publications increased annually over the period 2015&ndash;2023. However, the annual rate of growth after (2021&ndash;2023) the integration of research institutions was higher (36%) than that before (2015&ndash;2021) the integration (30%). Conference papers (51%) dominated the pre-integration era, whereas articles (57%) dominated the post-integration era, and the number of reputable journals in which the research was published was greater after the integration.
Conclusions: The period after the integration of research institutions saw enhanced research output in terms of the number of research publications, annual rate of growth in that number, and the number of reputable journals in which the publica-tions appeared.