bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Novel Cationic and Non-cationic Pyrimidine Derivatives as Potential G-quadruplex-ligands
Authors: Atapour-Mashhad Hoda , Soukhtanloo Mohammad , Golmohammadzadeh Shiva , Chamani Jamshidkhan , Nejabat Mojgan , Hadizadeh Farzin 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Drug resistance has been a problem in cancer chemotherapy, which often causes shortterm
effectiveness. Further, the literature indicates that telomere G-quadruplex could be a promising anti-cancer
target.

Objective:
We synthesized and characterized two new pyrimidine derivatives as ligands for G-quadruplex DNA.

Methods:
The interaction of novel non-cationic and cationic pyrimidine derivatives (3a, b) with G-quadruplex
DNA (1k8p and 3qsc) was explored by circular dichroism (CD) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and polyacrylamide
gel electrophoresis (PAGE) methods. The antiproliferative activity of desired compounds was evaluated
by the MTT assay. Apoptosis induction was assessed by Propidium iodide (P.I.) staining and flow cytometry.
Computational molecular modeling (CMM) and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) were studied on the
complexes of 1k8p and 3qsc with the compounds. The van der Waals, electrostatic, polar solvation, solventaccessible
surface area (SASA), and binding energies were calculated and analyzed.

Results:
The experimental results confirmed that both compounds 3a and 3b interacted with 1k8p and 3qsc and
exerted cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects on cancer cells. The number of hydrogen bonds and the RMSD values
increased in the presence of the ligands, indicating stronger binding and suggesting increased structural dynamics.
The electrostatic contribution to binding energy was higher for the cationic pyrimidine 3b, indicating more negative
binding energies.

Conclusion:
Both experimental and MD results confirmed that 3b was more prone to form a complex with DNA
G-quadruplex (1k8p and 3qsc), inhibit cell growth, and induce apoptosis, compared to the non-cationic pyrimidine
3a.
Analysis of Concentrations of Monomethyl Fumarate in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Result from Routine Health Care
Authors: Kusnirikova Zuzana Krska , Kacirova Ivana , Pesakova Veronika , Hradilek Pavel , Brozmanova Hana , Grundmann Milan 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Dimethyl fumarate is used to treat patients with relapsing-remitting multiple
sclerosis. After ingestion, it is rapidly hydrolyzed to the active primary metabolite monomethyl
fumarate.

Objective:
The main objective of our study was to analyze serum concentrations of monomethyl
fumarate during routine health care in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with a fixed dose of
dimethyl fumarate.

Methods:
In the pilot cross-sectional study, data from 42 patients treated with dimethyl fumarate at
a dose of 240 mg twice daily were collected. Concentrations of the active metabolite monomethyl
fumarate were determined at 1-8 h (median, 3 h) or 10-14 h (median, 13 h) after taking the dose.
The relationship between monomethyl fumarate concentrations and absolute lymphocyte count was
evaluated.

Results:
Concentrations of monomethyl fumarate ranged from 2.5-3177.9 μg/L, with most concentrations
being undetectable approximately 10 hours after administration. In the 1-8 h (median, 3 h)
post-dose subgroup, the concentration/dose ratio ranged widely from 0.04-6.62.
The median concentration of monomethyl fumarate in the group with the absolute lymphocyte count
<0.8 x 10^9/L was more than four times higher than in the group with the absolute lymphocyte
count ≥0.8 x 10^9/L (median 440.1 μg/L versus 98.4 μg/L).

Conclusion:
The wide interindividual variability in monomethyl fumarate pharmacokinetics could
contribute to the differential response to dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis patients. A nonsignificant
but noticeable trend was observed in the relationship of higher serum monomethyl fumarate
concentrations to absolute lymphocyte counts.
Speed Corridor Enforcement System (SCES) - A Case Study of the Highways of Kosovo
Authors: Selimi Bekim , Kizolli Beni , Dedaj Nol 
Published: June 2024

Background
Traffic safety remains a significant global concern. Despite advancements in vehicle technology, road infrastructure improvements, and initiatives to raise driver awareness, traffic accidents continue to pose socio-economic problems.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to suggest the potential benefits of implementing a Speed Corridor Enforcement System on highways in Kosovo, aiming to reduce accidents and promote driver awareness.

Methods
To accomplish the stated objective, there is employed a scientific research methodology supported by surveys, statistics, and analysis methods. The sources of information comprise both primary and secondary data, which were gathered from scientific literature, online sources, and relevant studies in the field.

Results
The significant socio-economic challenges arising from traffic accidents are discussed, highlighting the necessity for a comprehensive and multidimensional approach to effectively address this issue. Additionally, the proposal of implementing Speed Control Enforcement Systems on the highways of Kosovo, which are part of Intelligent Transport Systems, is emphasized as a solution. Emphasis is placed on the importance of adopting advanced technological solutions alongside comprehensive strategies to effectively tackle the complex problem of traffic safety.

Conclusion
Considering the alarming 53.41% increase in accidents in Kosovo, the implementation of the speed identification system in corridors could have initially prevented and reduced accidents by a percentage similar to those observed in the reference countries.
Exploring the Influence of Career Interests on Career Adaptability and Gender Differences Within the Groups of Rural Teachers in Hebei, China
Authors: Li Weida , Chang Yuan-Cheng 
Published: June 2024

Background
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of career interests in shaping the career adaptability of educators at the primary and secondary levels in rural areas of Hebei Province, China, with a particular emphasis on defining the nuances associated with gender differences.

Methods
The Career Interest Scale and the Career Adaptability Scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey among teachers from twenty rural schools in Hebei Province. The study sample consisted of 550 rural primary and secondary school teachers. After eliminating invalid questionnaires, a total of 509 valid responses were obtained, of which 256 were from male teachers and 253 from female teachers.

Results
The career interests of rural teachers in Hebei Province, China, have a significant and positive impact on their career adaptability, and an analysis of the differences between male and female teachers indicates that male teachers' career interests exert a greater influence on the career adaptability of male rather than female teachers. Specifically, male teachers tend to focus more on educational aspects in terms of their career interests, and they demonstrate stronger self-confidence in terms of career adaptability.

Conclusion
Hence, rural primary and secondary school teachers in Hebei Province are recommended to take the initiative to reshape their gender perspectives and enhance their career interests to improve their career adaptability and foster continuous professional development.
Effect of Herbal Medicine on Insulin Signaling Pathways and Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Review
Authors: Karunaratna A.M.D.S. , Ekanayake S. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most
common chronic liver disease progressing towards a substantial global health concern. A multitude
of therapeutic agents are being used to treat MAFLD. The high prevalence and adverse effects of
drugs have increased the global popularity of herbal medicines (HMs) as effective therapeutic agents
to treat MAFLD. Among the causes of pathogenesis, insulin resistance (IR) plays a crucial role in
MAFLD. Hence, the amelioration of IR has emerged as a promising target for potential therapeutic
approaches in MAFLD.

Aim:
This study aimed to explore in vitro and in vivo mechanisms that unveil recent advances in
HMs that target the amelioration of IR in MAFLD.

Materials and Methods:
Electronic databases, including PubMed and MEDLINE, were used to
search literature for HMs in the management or treatment of NAFLD published up to March, 2023.
The three primary search terms were “MAFLD” “NAFLD” and “HM”. MeSH of NAFLD, such as
(Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis) and HM (Medicinal plants, Plant
extracts), and keywords were used to optimize the search strategy

Results:
HMs act on a multitude of molecular pathways that increase insulin sensitization including
upregulation of the secretion and activation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, upregulation
of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (also known as PKB or protein kinase B) signaling
pathway, activation of the 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and modulation of
enzymes of glucose homeostasis, regeneration of the pancreatic β-cell mass, modulation of secretion
of adipokines, enhancement of the uptake of glucose into tissues via increased expression of GLUT
in tissues, and upregulation of FGF1/FGF1R signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
HMs possess a multitude of potential actions that reduce the IR and improve glucose
homeostasis. Hence, HMs are a promising resource as effective medications for the treatment of
MAFLD.
The Social Media Mirror: Understanding the Distortion of Eating
Habits and Body Image in the Digital Age
Authors: Hussain Md Sadique , Bahl Gurusha , Saraswat Nikita , Agarwal Mohit , Bisht Ajay Singh , Sharma Rahul , Singh Gurvinder , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract::
The influence of media on body image and the development of eating disorders
(EDs) has gained increasing attention in contemporary society. This article offers a comprehensive
exploration of the intricate relationship between media exposure, body dissatisfaction,
and disordered eating behaviors. We commence by elucidating the foundational
concepts of body image, EDs, and positive body image, underlining their significance for
both mental and physical well-being. The three most common EDs: anorexia nervosa, bulimia
nervosa, and binge eating disorder (BED), provide an overview of their distinct characteristics.
The article delves into the profound impact of media in shaping contemporary
beauty ideals and propagating unrealistic body expectations. The cause-and-effect relationship
between media messages and body dissatisfaction, with specific attention to the
prevalence of this issue among females in Western cultures has been covered. Furthermore,
we explore the potential predisposing factors associated with media exposure that
contribute to the development of EDs. This review highlights the critical role of media
literacy education in empowering individuals to critically analyse and interpret media content,
enabling them to make informed decisions about their media consumption. In addition,
an attempt has been made to provide insights into the future of media and its impact
on body image, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to better understand the evolving
media landscape. Educators are recognized as pivotal in nurturing healthy body image
among students, and school-based interventions can significantly contribute to promoting
self-esteem, positive body image, and healthy lifestyle choices.
Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Fitness Variables in Adolescents After Periods of Mandatory, Promoted or Nonmandatory, Nonpromoted Use of Step Tracker Mobile Apps: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mateo-Orcajada Adrián , Vaquero-Cristóbal Raquel , Mota Jorge , Abenza-Cano Lucía 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundIt is not known whether an intervention made mandatory as a physical education (PE) class assignment and aimed at promoting physical activity (PA) in adolescents can create a healthy walking habit, which would allow further improvements to be achieved after the mandatory and promoted intervention has been completed.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to (1) investigate whether, after a period of using a step tracker mobile app made mandatory and promoted as a PE class assignment, adolescents continue to use it when its use is no longer mandatory and promoted; (2) determine whether there are changes in the PA level, body composition, and fitness of adolescents when the use of the app is mandatory and promoted and when it is neither mandatory nor promoted; and (3) analyze whether the covariates maturity status, gender, and specific app used can have an influence.MethodsA total of 357 students in compulsory secondary education (age: mean 13.92, SD 1.91 y) participated in the study. A randomized controlled trial was conducted consisting of 2 consecutive 10-week interventions. Participants’ PA level, body composition, and fitness were measured at baseline (T1), after 10 weeks of mandatory and promoted app use (T2), and after 10 weeks of nonmandatory and nonpromoted app use (T3). Each participant in the experimental group (EG) used 1 of 4 selected step tracker mobile apps after school hours.ResultsThe results showed that when the use of the apps was neither mandatory nor promoted as a PE class assignment, only a few adolescents (18/216, 8.3%) continued the walking practice. After the mandatory and promoted intervention period (T1 vs T2), a decrease in the sum of 3 skinfolds (mean difference [MD] 1.679; P=.02) as well as improvements in the PA level (MD –0.170; P<.001), maximal oxygen uptake (MD –1.006; P<.001), countermovement jump test (MD –1.337; P=.04), curl-up test (MD –3.791; P<.001), and push-up test (MD –1.920; P<.001) in the EG were recorded. However, the changes between T1 and T2 were significantly greater in the EG than in the control group only in the PA level and curl-up test. Thus, when comparing the measurements taken between T1 and T3, no significant changes in body composition (P=.07) or fitness (P=.84) were observed between the EG and the control group. The covariates maturity status, gender, and specific app used showed a significant effect in most of the analyses performed.ConclusionsA period of mandatory and promoted use of step tracker mobile apps benefited the variables of body composition and fitness in adolescents but did not create a healthy walking habit in this population; therefore, when the use of these apps ceased to be mandatory and promoted, the effects obtained disappeared.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT06164041; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06164041
Factors Associated With Surveillance Testing in Individuals With COVID-19 Symptoms During the Last Leg of the Pandemic: Multivariable Regression Analysis
Authors: Dotson Timothy , Price Brad , Witrick Brian , Davis Sherri , Kemper Emily , Whanger Stacey , Hodder Sally , Hendricks Brian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Rural underserved areas facing health disparities have unequal access to health resources. By the third and fourth waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States, COVID-19 testing had reduced, with more reliance on home testing, and those seeking testing were mostly symptomatic.

Objective
This study identifies factors associated with COVID-19 testing among individuals who were symptomatic versus asymptomatic seen at a Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics for Underserved Populations phase 2 (RADx-UP2) testing site in West Virginia.

Methods
Demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors were collected via survey from tested individuals. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the presence of individuals who were symptomatic seen at testing sites. Global tests for spatial autocorrelation were conducted to examine clustering in the proportion of symptomatic to total individuals tested by zip code. Bivariate maps were created to display geographic distributions between higher proportions of tested individuals who were symptomatic and social determinants of health.

Results
Among predictors, the presence of a physical (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.85, 95% CI 1.3-2.65) or mental (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 0.96-2.48) comorbid condition, challenges related to a place to stay/live (aOR 307.13, 95% CI 1.46-10,6372), no community socioeconomic distress (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.00), no challenges in getting needed medicine (aOR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00-0.82) or transportation (aOR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05-0.64), an interaction between community socioeconomic distress and not getting needed medicine (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00-1.13), and having no community socioeconomic distress while not facing challenges related to a place to stay/live (aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87-0.99) were statistically associated with an individual being symptomatic at the first test visit.

Conclusions
This study addresses critical limitations to the current COVID-19 testing literature, which almost exclusively uses population-level disease screening data to inform public health responses.
Moderation Effects of Streetscape Perceptions on the Associations Between Accessibility, Land Use Mix, and Bike-Sharing Use: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guo Huagui , Zhang Shuyu , Xie Xinwei , Liu Jiang , Ho Hung Chak 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Cycling is known to be beneficial for human health. Studies have suggested significant associations of physical activity with macroscale built environments and streetscapes. However, whether good streetscapes can amplify the benefits of a favorable built environment on physical activity remains unknown.

Objective
This study examines whether streetscape perceptions can modify the associations between accessibility, land use mix, and bike-sharing use.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used data from 18,019,266 bike-sharing orders during weekends in Shanghai, China. A 500 × 500 m grid was selected as the analysis unit to allocate data. Bike-sharing use was defined as the number of bike-sharing origins. Street view images and a human-machine adversarial scoring framework were combined to evaluate lively, safety, and wealthy perceptions. Negative binomial regression was developed to examine the independent effects of the three perceptual factors in both the univariate model and fully adjusted model, controlling for population density, average building height, distance to nearest transit, number of bus stations, number of points of interest, distance to the nearest park, and distance to the central business district. The moderation effect was then investigated through the interaction term between streetscape perception and accessibility and land use mix, based on the fully adjusted model. We also tested whether the findings of streetscape moderation effects are robust when examinations are performed at different geographic scales, using a small-sample statistics approach and different operationalizations of land use mix and accessibility.

Results
High levels of lively, safety, and wealthy perceptions were correlated with more bike-sharing activities. There were negative effects for the interactions between the land use Herfindahl-Hirschman index with the lively perception (β=–0.63; P=.01) and safety perception (β=–0.52; P=.001). The interaction between the lively perception and road intersection density was positively associated with the number of bike-sharing uses (β=0.43; P=.08). Among these, the lively perception showed the greatest independent effect (β=1.29; P<.001), followed by the safety perception (β=1.22; P=.001) and wealthy perception (β=0.72; P=.001). The findings were robust in the three sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
A safer and livelier streetscape can enhance the benefits of land use mix in promoting bike-sharing use, with a safer streetscape also intensifying the effect of accessibility. Interventions focused on streetscape perceptions can encourage cycling behavior and enhance the benefits of accessibility and land use mix. This study also contributes to the literature on potential moderators of built environment healthy behavior associations from the perspective of microscale environmental perceptions.
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT OF FORAGE PRODUCTION BY SIMULATING MILD DROUGHT PRIMING
Authors: Raharto Razzaqi Hatmawira Rabbani , Wibowo Yehezkiel Reynard , Febry Purwasih Ajoe , Muchamad Muchlas  
Published: June 2024

This study presents a case study analysis that examines the use of artificial intelligence and internet of to enhance forage production. The study based on case study of Ngajum’s Dairy Farm in Malang regency, which faceslimitations in forage production during the dry season. Through a qualitative and quantitative investigation, this research aims to provide insights into the multifaceted effects of how the application of Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things modulate genetic imprinting in forage production. Mild drought priming involves subjecting plantsto controlled, suboptimal water conditions for a short period. This technique triggers a series of physiological responses in plants, leading to increased stress tolerance and improved overall performance when exposed to subsequent drought stress. AI, with its data analysis capabilities, can process a vast amount of environmental data,including soil moisture levels, weather forecasts, and plant responses. IoT devices, equipped with sensors and actuators, provide the means to collect and transmit essential data from the field. The present results deduced that priming with mild drought using artificial intelligence and internet of things might effectively improve drought tolerance in forage, thus increasing the forage production to support dairy farmers in Indonesia.
Opening Doors: (in)Equity Audits in Accounting Education
Authors: Kaufman Matt , Kremin Joleen 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
An equity audit is a data-driven approach to identify and mitigate inequitable student achievement outcomes. Equity audits are a tool K–12 teachers and administrators use to incorporate data into decision-making, identify achievement gaps, and prompt remedial action. The working hypothesis behind equity audits is the existence of a subset of students who could meet high academic standards and produce exceptional work but are prevented from doing so by current resource allocation and andragogic (i.e., adult education) practice. This learning strategy presents a simple, four-step process to address inequitable student outcomes: find a goal, gather data, uncover root causes, and enact change.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
JEL Classifications: I23; O42.
Fancy Fliers: Understanding Financial Reporting Pressure
Authors: Gissel Jodi L. , Scheetz Andrea M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Fancy Fliers uses a simple and fun activity—making paper airplanes—to create a competitive environment where students feel reporting pressure. Students engage in an interactive group learning activity that helps them appreciate the pressures under which accountants operate in a manufacturing or corporate setting and develop an understanding of what constitutes aggressive accounting. The activity facilitates a meaningful discussion of financial reporting pressure and distinctions between aggressive accounting and fraud. This activity can be used in undergraduate or graduate accounting classes and is designed as an in-class group project.