bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra‐low‐angle microtomy to back up S‐SIMS molecular depth profiling with C60+ and Bin+ for the nanoscale analysis of high‐tech industrial materials
Authors: De Mondt R. , Vercammen Y. , Dardenne R. , Vangaever F. , Van Luppen J. , Van Vaeck L. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolyatomic projectiles such as C60+ have been used for molecular sputter depth profiling in time‐of‐flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐S‐SIMS). However, the practical application for nanoscale analysis problems still depends on the likely change of secondary ion yield with depth. Therefore, ultra‐low‐angle microtomy (ULAM) has been applied in conjunction with dual beam depth profiling (Bi3+C60+ + +) on polymer systems relevant to printing industry.Sputter depth profiles have been recorded from two 200 nm poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) layers with additives. Furthermore, also a poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)‐PMMA bilayer on Si (thickness of each layer 200 nm) was analyzed using sputter depth profile measurements. Identical samples have been prepared using UV‐cured acrylate as substrate allowing ULAM to be performed. The exposed surfaces have been analyzed using Binq+ liquid metal ion gun (LMIG). Use of a cutting angle of 0.3° and 0.1° makes that, in principle, surface analysis off the section with a spot of 150 nm characterises a depth range of 0.3–0.8 nm in the initial sample.The results show that ULAM is a valuable tool to complement the exploratory use of direct sputter depth profiling. To the best of our knowledge, this feasibility study is the first to show the experimental verification of molecular C60+ sputter depth profiles. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The formation mechanism and biocorrosion property of CaSiO3/CaHPO4 · 2H2O composite conversion coating on the extruded Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloy for bone implant application·
Authors: Wei Zunjie , Du Hui , Zhang Erlin 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this work, a calcium silicate and calcium phosphate (CaSiO3/CaHPO4 · 2H2O) composite coating was applied by a chemical reaction to an extruded Mg‐Zn‐Ca magnesium alloy. SEM observation showed that a flat and sand‐like conversion coating was formed. X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis indicated that the conversion coating was composed of CaHPO4 · 2H2O and a little amount of CaSiO3. The formation mechanism of CaSiO3/CaHPO4 · 2H2O composite conversion coatings was discussed. The electrochemical polarization tests showed that the conversion coating markedly improved the biocorrosion resistance of Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloy in Hank's solution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defect investigations of SiCGe epilayer grown on 6H‐SiC
Authors: Lianbi Li , Zhiming Chen , Ying Yang , Jia Li , Ning Wang 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSiCGe/6H‐SiC heterojunction is essential to the development of SiC optoelectronic devices and light‐activated SiC switching devices. In this work, the ternary alloy SiCGe samples grown on 6H‐SiC substrates in a conventional hot‐wall chemical vapor deposition system have been studied by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Selected area diffraction (SAED) patterns show that SiCGe thin films have a zinc‐blende structure. Typical double positioning boundaries, stacking faults and microtwins in SiCGe thin films were observed and validated by SAED patterns. The growth mechanisms of these defects were investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopic comparative method (ICM) for the determination of variations of the ion yields in boron‐doped silicon as a function of oxygen concentration in the 0–10 at.% range
Authors: Dupuy Jean‐Claude , Dubois Christiane , Prudon Gilles , Gautier Brice , Kögler Reinhard , Akhmadaliev Shavkat , Perrat‐Mabilon Angela , Peaucelle Christophe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSpecific samples containing 18O and 16O are used to measure the variations of the relative ion yields of boron, oxygen and silicon as a function of oxygen concentration. 18O and 16O are used to implement an Isotopic Comparative Method (ICM) which allows to correct the matrix effects involved by the presence of a high concentration of oxygen in the sample: the near‐flat profile of 18O, measured in the ‘dilute’, linear regime (weak concentration) is used to calculate the real concentration of 16O. The ion yields of B+, O+, Si+, O− and Si− are measured as a function of the oxygen concentration. For B+ ion yield, the variation is important whereas they are weak for Si± and O± ion yields for the range [0–12 at.%]. This ICM applied to oxygen in silicon can be considered as an interesting complementary method of previous ‘16O implantation method’ and of ‘18O single marker method’. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composite Yarns of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Metallic Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Randeniya Lakshman K. , Bendavid Avi , Martin Philip J. , Tran Canh‐Dung 
Published: July 2010

AbstractUnique macrostructures known as spun carbon‐nanotube fibers (CNT yarns) can be manufactured from vertically aligned forests of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). These yarns behave as semiconductors with room‐temperature conductivities of about 5 × 102 S cm−1. Their potential use as, for example, microelectrodes in medical implants, wires in microelectronics, or lightweight conductors in the aviation industry has hitherto been hampered by their insufficient electrical conductivity. In this Full Paper, the synthesis of metal–CNT composite yarns, which combine the unique properties of CNT yarns and nanocrystalline metals to obtain a new class of materials with enhanced electrical conductivity, is presented. The synthesis is achieved using a new technique, self‐fuelled electrodeposition (SFED), which combines a metal reducing agent and an external circuit for transfer of electrons to the CNT surface, where the deposition of metal nanoparticles takes place. In particular, the Cu–CNT and Au–CNT composite yarns prepared by this method have metal‐like electrical conductivities (2–3 × 105 S cm−1) and are mechanically robust against stringent tape tests. However, the tensile strengths of the composite yarns are 30–50% smaller than that of the unmodified CNT yarn. The SFED technique described here can also be used as a convenient means for the deposition of metal nanoparticles on solid electrode supports, such as conducting glass or carbon black, for catalytic applications.
Stable cohesion metrics for evolving ontologies
Authors: Ma Yinglong , Wu Haijiang , Ma Xinyu , Jin Beihong , Huang Tao , Wei Jun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWith the drastic development of semantic‐driven applications, assessing the quality of ontologies has received more attention. Measuring and assessing the quality of ontologies can help ontology engineers to control project management and reduce the risk of project failures. However, most of the existing ontology metrics for measuring and assessing the quality of ontologies are defined based on ontology structure, and neglect the stability of ontology measurement. In this paper, we concentrate on stable ontology measurement by using semantically derived ontology metrics. We propose four ontology cohesion metrics, which fully consider the implicitly expressed semantic information and are defined based on ontological semantics rather than ontology structure. Before measuring and assessing an ontology, we materialize a pre‐processing for stable ontology measurement by treating the ontology. The proposed ontology cohesion metrics are theoretically validated by the validation criteria of object‐oriented software. The experimental results show that we can successfully collect more semantic knowledge from the testing ontologies for stable ontology measurement by using the proposed ontology cohesion metrics. The ontology cohesion metrics proposed in this paper can be reasonably used as a cogent complementarity of existing ontology metrics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defectivity profiling with dynamic COQUALMO: An explication and product quality retrospective
Authors: Houston Dan , Buettner Douglas , Hecht Myron 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYA software development organization's process trustworthiness can be enhanced through development project retrospectives or postmortems, which seek to produce lessons from mistakes and successes in the project performance. Tool support for such retrospectives is usually limited to qualitative analysis. A new model, Dynamic COQUALMO, offers quantitative support through a defectivity profile that can be calibrated to a project's actual profile of defects found over time. The model inputs can then be varied to represent alternative project decisions and conditions, providing a basis for estimating the effects of project improvements on product quality. This paper describes Dynamic COQUALMO and demonstrates its use in a project retrospective. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain asymmetry (animal)
Authors: Vallortigara Giorgio , Chiandetti Cinzia , Sovrano Valeria Anna 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOnce considered a uniquely human attribute, brain asymmetry has been proved to be ubiquitous among non‐human animals. A synthetic review of evidence of animal lateralization in the motor, sensory, cognitive, and affective domains is provided, together with a discussion of its development and possible biological functions. It is argued that investigation of brain asymmetry in a comparative perspective may favor the link between classical neuropsychological studies and modern developmental and evolutionary biology approaches. WIREs Cogni Sci 2011 2 146–157 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.100This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Neuroscience > Behavior
Expandable endoprosthesis for limb-sparing surgery in children: Long-term results
Authors: Dotan Amit , Dadia Shlomo , Bickels Jacob , Nirkin Alexander , Flusser Gideon , Issakov Josephin , Neumann Yoram , Cohen Ian , Ben-Arush Myriam , Kollender Yehuda , Meller Isaac 
Published: July 2010

Purpose Most children today with bone sarcomas undergo limb-sparing surgery. When treating children younger than 12 years of age, the result is significant limb length discrepancy (LLD). One of the solutions is the use of an expandable endoprosthesis. Methods A retrospective analysis of 38 skeletally immature patients with bone sarcoma of the lower limb in whom different types of expandable endoprostheses were used from January 1988 to December 2005 were included. All patients were under the age of 14 years. There were 26 osteosarcoma and 12 Ewing's sarcomas. The data collected included the tumor characteristics, the surgical and other treatment modalities, complications and their treatment, and the final LLD and functional results. Results Fifty-five percent of the patients survived and had a mean follow-up of 113 months. All survivors reached skeletal maturity at the time of last follow-up. Seventy-one percent of the survivors had satisfactory function and 29% had a poor result. There were three secondary amputations due to local recurrence. Complications were documented in 58% of patients; the most common was infection that was diagnosed 56 times (primary 16% and secondary 84%). A significant correlation was found between function and final LLD (greater than 5 cm = inferior function), the number of complications, and the number of surgical procedures performed other than prosthesis elongation. The younger the patient was at definitive surgery, the shorter the time it took for the prosthesis to fail. Conclusion In order to improve results, the number of operations must be reduced. This can be achieved by the use of novel non-invasive expandable endoprostheses or biological reconstruction.
Cryptorchidie acquise, testicule oscillant et autres formes secondaires de cryptorchidie
Authors: Dobremez E. , Harper L. 
Published: July 2010

Résumé
Si la plus grande partie des cryptorchidies est liée à une anomalie de migration testiculaire pendant la période fœtale, il existe de multiples formes secondaires. Elles sont représentées par la cryptorchidie associée à une pathologie générale, la cryptorchidie acquise, le testicule oscillant et les formes iatrogènes. Il est important de connaître et de diagnostiquer ces formes, car des lésions histologiques du testicule sont retrouvées dans toutes les situations dans lesquelles le testicule est resté, de façon prolongée, en dehors de la bourse.
Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self‐objectification and body image concerns
Authors: Slater Amy , Tiggemann Marika 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTThis study examined gender differences in adolescent participation in sport and physical activity, in teasing experiences specific to the physical activity domain, and the relationship between adolescent physical activity and body image. A sample of 714 adolescents (332 girls, 382 boys) aged between 12 and 16 years completed measures of participation in organised sport and other physical activities, experiences of teasing specific to sport, self‐objectification and body image. Adolescent girls participated in organised sport at a lower rate than boys, but experienced higher levels of teasing. Both girls and boys reported being teased by same‐sex peers, but in addition, girls also reported being teased by opposite‐sex peers (i.e. boys). Time spent on aesthetic physical activities was related to disordered eating symptomatology for both girls and boys. It was concluded that teasing and body image concerns may contribute to adolescent girls’ reduced rates of participation in sports and other physical activities.
Greenhouse gas emissions and energy use in UK-grown short-day strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch) crops
Authors: WARNER D. J. , DAVIES M. , HIPPS N. , OSBORNE N. , TZILIVAKIS J. , LEWIS K. A. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYReducing greenhouse gas emissions and optimizing energy consumption are important for mitigating climate change and improving resource use efficiency. Strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duch) crops are a key component of the UK soft fruit sector and potentially resource-intensive crops. This is the first study to undertake a detailed environmental impact assessment of all methods of UK strawberry production. A total of 14 systems with six additional sub-systems grown for between 1 and 3 years were identified. They were defined by the growing of short-day (Junebearer) or everbearer varieties, organic production, covering with polytunnels or grown in the open, soil-grown (with or without fumigation) or container-grown (with peat or coir substrate) and summer or spring planted. Pre-harvest, the global warming potential varied between 1·5 and 10·3 t CO2 equiv/ha/crop or 0·13 and 1·14 t CO2 equiv/t of class 1 fruit. Key factors included the use of tunnels, mulch and irrigation, sterilization of soil with fumigants and the use of peat substrate. Seasonal crops without covers grown where rotation of sufficient length reduced Verticillium (system 4) were the most efficient. System 4a (that did not use mulch) emitted 0·13 t CO2 equiv/t of class 1 fruit. A second or third cropping year in soil-grown systems prolonged the effect of mulch and soil fumigants. Greenhouse gases from system 4 (with mulch) averaged 0·30 t CO2 equiv/t of class 1 fruit after 3 years of cropping compared to 0·63 and 0·36 t CO2 equiv/t after 1 and 2 years, respectively.
Activity in vitro of fungal conidia of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae
Authors: Silva A.R. , Araújo J.V. , Braga F.R. , Alves C.D.F. , Frassy L.N. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) in two experimental assays (A and B). In assay A, two treatments and one control were formed and kept for 7 days in Petri dishes with 2% water-agar. Each treatment consisted of 1000 H. contortus L3 and 1000 conidia of only one fungal isolate, and the control group consisted of 1000 L3, without fungus, with 10 repetitions per group. In assay B, 1000 conidia of one of the fungal isolates, AC001 or NF34a, were added to coprocultures made from 20 g of faeces collected from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. At the end of the experiment, the Baermann method was used to count the non-predated larvae of all Petri dishes from treatment and control groups. In assay A, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the groups treated with AC001 and NF34a fungi. A difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The L3 reduction percentages at the end of the experiment were 87.75 and 85.57%, respectively, for the fungal isolates compared to the control group. In assay B, the reduction percentages for conidia of these isolates were 85.82 and 87.32%, respectively. The results obtained show that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were effective in the in vitro control of sheep H. contortus L3 and could be used in the biological control of this nematode.
Effect ofCrotalus viridis viridissnake venom on the ultrastructure and intracellular survival ofTrypanosoma cruzi
Authors: ADADE CAMILA M. , CONS BRUNO LEMOS , MELO PAULO A. , SOUTO-PADRÓN THAÏS 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYChagas' disease, caused byTrypanosoma cruzi, affects 16–18 million people in Central and South America. Patient treatment is based on drugs that have toxic effects and limited efficacy. Therefore, new chemotherapeutic agents need to be developed. Snake venoms are sources of natural compounds used in various medical treatments. We observed thatCrotalus viridis viridisvenom was effective against all developmental forms ofT. cruzi.Ultrastructural analysis revealed swelling of mitochondria, blebbing and disruption of the plasma membrane, loss of cytoplasm components and morphological changes of the cell. Staining with propidium iodide and rhodamine 123 confirmed the observed alterations in the plasma and mitochondrial membranes, respectively. The effects of the venom on the parasite intracellular cycle were also analysed. Pre-infected LLC-MK2cells incubated withCvvvenom showed a 76–93% reduction in the number of parasites per infected cell and a 94–97·4% reduction in the number of parasites per 100 cells after 96 h of infection. Free trypomastigotes harvested from the supernatants ofCvvvenom-treated cells were incapable of initiating a new infection cycle. Our data demonstrate thatCvvvenom can access the host cell cytoplasm at concentrations that cause toxicity only to the amastigote forms ofT. cruzi, and yields altered parasites with limited infective capacity, suggesting the potential use ofCvvvenom in Chagas' disease chemotherapy.
Influence of host reproductive state onSphaerothecum destruensprevalence and infection level
Authors: ANDREOU D. , HUSSEY M. , GRIFFITHS S. W. , GOZLAN R. E. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYSphaerothecum destruensis an obligate intracellular parasite with the potential to cause high mortalities and spawning inhibition in the endangered cyprinidLeucaspius delineatus. We investigated the influence ofL. delineatus’s reproductive state on the prevalence and infection level ofS. destruens. A novel real time quantitative polymerarse chain reaction (qPCR) was developed to determineS. destruens’ prevalence and infection level. These parameters were quantified and compared in reproductive and non-reproductiveL. delineatus. The detection limit of theS. destruensspecific qPCR was determined to be 1 pg of purifiedS. destruensgenomic DNA. Following cohabitation in the lab, reproductiveL. delineatushad a significantly higherS. destruensprevalence (P<0·05) and infection levels (P<0·01) compared to non-reproductiveL. delineatus. S. destruensprevalence was 19% (n=40) in non-reproductiveL. delineatusand 41% (n=32) in reproductiveL. delineatus. However, there was no difference inS. destruensprevalence in reproductive and non-reproductive fish under field conditions. Mean infection levels were 18 and 99 pgS. destruensDNA per 250 ngL. delineatusDNA for non-reproductive and reproductiveL. delineatusrespectively. The present work indicates thatS. destruensinfection inL. delineatuscan be influenced by the latter's reproductive state and provides further support for the potential adverse impact ofS. destruenson the conservation ofL. delineatuspopulations.
Fitness and virulence of a bacterial endoparasite in an environmentally stressed crustacean host
Authors: COORS ANJA , DE MEESTER LUC 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYHost-parasite interactions are shaped by the co-evolutionary arms race of parasite virulence, transmission success as well as host resistance and recovery. The virulence and fitness of parasites may depend on host condition, which is mediated, for instance, by host energy constraints. Here, we investigated to what extent stress imposed by predation threat and environmental pollutants influences host-parasite interactions. We challenged the crustacean hostDaphnia magnawith the sterilizing bacterial endoparasitePasteuria ramosaand simultaneously exposed the host to fish kairomones, the pesticide carbaryl or both stressors. While parasite virulence, measured as impact on host mortality and sterilization, increased markedly after short-term pesticide exposure, it was not influenced by predation threat. Parasite fitness, measured in terms of produced transmission stages, decreased both in fish and pesticide treatments. This effect was much stronger under predation threat than carbaryl exposure, and was attributable to reduced somatic growth of the host, presumably resulting in fewer resources for parasite development. While the indirect impact of both stressors on spore loads provides evidence for host condition-dependent parasite fitness, the finding of increased virulence only under carbaryl exposure indicates a stronger physiological impact of the neurotoxic chemical compared with the effect of a non-toxic fish kairomone.
Mental and personality disorders and abstinence from alcohol: results from a national household survey
Authors: Skogen J. C. , Mykletun A. , Ferri C. P. , Bebbington P. , Brugha T. , Coid J. , Meltzer H. , Stewart R. 
Published: July 2010

BackgroundThe beneficial outcomes associated with moderate compared with low alcohol intake or abstinence may be due to the inclusion of people as ‘low consumers’, who have stopped consumption because of poor health. We investigated the association between alcohol abstinence and symptoms of common mental disorder and personality disorder, distinguishing between lifelong abstinence and abstinence following previous consumption.MethodAnalyses were based on the British National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity 2000, which sampled 8580 residents aged 16–74 years. Hazardous drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) was excluded. Symptoms of common mental disorder (depression/anxiety) were identified by the Clinical Interview Schedule. The screening questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II Personality Disorders was used to identify potential personality disorder. Self-reported alcohol abstinence was divided into lifelong abstinence and previous consumption. Previous consumers were asked why they had stopped. Covariates included socio-economic status, social activity and general health status.ResultsAfter adjustment, alcohol abstinence was associated with both common mental disorder symptoms and any personality disorder, but only for previous consumers, in whom odds ratios were 1.69 (95% CI 1.23–2.32) and 1.45 (95% CI 1.09–1.94). Associations were non-specific, being apparent for most individual mental disorder symptoms and personality disorder categories. More detailed analysis indicated that associations were again limited to previous consumers who reported ceasing alcohol consumption for health reasons.ConclusionsWorse mental health in low alcohol consumers, particularly those who have previously ceased for health reasons, should be taken into account when interpreting associations between moderate (compared with low) alcohol consumption and beneficial health outcomes.