bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GUARDING AGAINST HIDDEN HAEMOLYSIS DURING DIALYSIS: AN OVERVIEW Summary of the EDTNA|ERCA Journal Club discussion Spring 2007
Authors: Murcutt Gareth , De Vos Jean‐Yves , Pilley Ken , Lindley Elizabeth , Lopot Franta , Hansen Susan K , Polaschegg Hans‐Dietrich , Chamney Melissa , Hoenich Nic , Venkatraman Narayan , Shaldon Stanley , Monros Anna Marti i , Gajaria Mukesh , Küntzle Waltraud , Harman Elisabeth , Dutka Paula ,   A discussion based on “Hemolysis: A Hidden Danger” by Elisabeth Harman RN, CNN, Clinical Coordinator, Central Valley Dialysis, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA and Paula Dutka, RN, MSN, CNN, Director Education/Research Nephrology Network, Winthrop University Hospital, New York, USA. The paper was published in The Nephrology Nursing Journal, the official publication of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association.
Published: July 2012

ABSTRACTThe paper discussed during spring 2007 was a case study report entitled “Haemolysis: A Hidden Danger” published in The Nephrology Nursing Journal. The authors, Elisabeth Harman and Paula Dutka, agreed to follow the discussion and respond to points raised. Sixteen contributors from ten different countries provided insights into the potential causes, symptoms and effects of both acute and hidden haemolysis during dialysis, as well as discussing some of the safety systems that can be used to try and minimise occurrences. The use of blood volume monitoring as a potential method of ‘seeing’ hidden haemolysis was explored as well as some reporting mechanisms and organisational safeguards that are used to manage the risks.
The existence and diversity of myxobacteria in lake mud – a previously unexplored myxobacteria habitat
Authors: Li Shu‐guang , Zhou Xiu‐wen , Li Peng‐fei , Han Kui , Li Wei , Li Zhi‐feng , Wu Zhi‐hong , Li Yue‐zhong 
Published: July 2012

SummaryMyxobacteria are widely distributed in soil and oceanic sediment with a phylogeographic separation at high levels of classification. However, it is unclear whether freshwater environments, from which there has been no isolation report of myxobacteria since 1981, are habitats for myxobacteria. In this study, we investigated the presence of myxobacteria in lake mud using a two‐step strategy. First, we constructed two universal bacterial libraries from the V3–V4 (V34) and V6–V8 (V678) hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene sequences. High‐throughput 454 pyrosequencing revealed that myxobacteria were one of the major bacterial groups in the lake mud. They accounted for 5.77% of the total sequences and 7.52% of the total operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a phylogenetic distance of 0.03. The community composition and taxonomic structure of the mud myxobacterial community were further analysed using myxobacteria‐enriched libraries targeting the V34 and V678 regions, which were amplified with Cystobacterineae‐ and Sorangineae‐specific primer pairs respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the limnetic myxobacteria exhibited closer relationships to their soil than their marine relatives, but there were also exclusive taxa of limnetic myxobacteria detected. These results, together with a survey on available GenBank data, indicate that lake mud is a primary habitat for myxobacteria.
Aminophylline, administered at usual doses for rodents in pharmacological studies, induces hippocampal neuronal cell injury under low tidal volume hypoxic conditions in guinea-pigs
Authors: Somekawa-Kondo Tomoko , Yamaguchi Keitaro , Ishitsuka Yoichi , Ito Sachiko , Tanaka Kaori , Irikura Mitsuru , Moriuchi Hiroshi , Takahama Kazuo , Ando Yukio , Yamazaki Toshio , Irie Tetsumi 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Objectives
To establish whether aminophylline, administered at usual doses for rodents in pharmacological studies, induces brain injury in systemic hypoxaemia in guinea-pigs.

Methods
A hypoxaemia (partial oxygen tension of arterial blood (PaO2) = 40–60 mmHg) model was developed by low tidal volume mechanical ventilation in guinea-pigs.

Key findings
Under hypoxic conditions, aminophylline significantly increased the concentration of brain-specific creatine kinase in the serum in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A reduced number of hippocampal neuronal cells in the CA1 region, an increase in the concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), an increase in lipid hydroperoxides and a decrease in the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide in the brain tissues were also observed. These effects were not observed when aminophylline at the same doses was administered under normoxic conditions (PaO2 = 80–100 mmHg). There was no difference in either serum or CSF concentrations of theophylline between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Another methylxanthine, caffeine, did not increase the concentration of NSE in CSF.

Conclusions
Aminophylline potentially induces brain damage under hypoxic conditions. We suggest that aminophylline treatment has adverse effects in patients with hypoxaemia subsequent to respiratory disorders such as asthma.
Influence of cigarette smoking on coronary artery and aortic calcium among random samples from populations of middle-aged Japanese and Korean men
Authors: Hirooka Nobutaka , Kadowaki Takashi , Sekikawa Akira , Ueshima Hirotsugu , Choo Jina , Miura Katsuyuki , Okamura Tomonori , Fujiyoshi Akira , Kadowaki Sayaka , Kadota Aya , Nakamura Yasuyuki , Maegawa Hiroshi , Kashiwagi Atsunori , Masaki Kamal , Sutton-Tyrrell Kim , Kuller Lewis H , Curb J David , Shin Chol 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundCigarette smoking is a risk factor of coronary heart disease. Vascular calcification such as coronary artery calcium (CAC) and aortic calcium (AC) is associated with coronary heart disease. The authors hypothesised that cigarette smoking is associated with coronary artery and aortic calcifications in Japanese and Koreans with high smoking prevalence.MethodsRandom samples from populations of 313 Japanese and 302 Korean men aged 40–49 years were examined for calcification of the coronary artery and aorta using electron beam CT. CAC and AC were quantified using the Agatston score. The authors examined the associations of cigarette smoking with CAC and AC after adjusting for conventional risk factors and alcohol consumption. Current and past smokers were combined and categorised into two groups using median pack-years as a cut-off point in each of Japanese and Koreans. The never-smoker group was used as a reference for the multiple logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe ORs of CAC (score ≥10) for smokers with higher pack-years were 2.9 in Japanese (p<0.05) and 1.3 in Koreans (non-significant) compared with never-smokers. The ORs of AC (score ≥100) for smokers with higher pack-years were 10.4 in Japanese (p<0.05) and 3.6 in Koreans (p<0.05).ConclusionCigarette smoking with higher pack-years is significantly associated with CAC and AC in Japanese men, while cigarette smoking with higher pack-years is significantly associated with AC but not significantly with CAC in Korean men.
Estimating EQ-5D utility values for major health behavioural risk factors in England
Authors: Maheswaran Hendramoorthy , Petrou Stavros , Rees Karen , Stranges Saverio 
Published: July 2012

BackgroundMajor behavioural risk factors, namely obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, lack of fruit and vegetable intake and physical inactivity negatively impact on self-reported quality of life. However, little is known about their impact on preference-based measures of health-related quality of life commonly used to inform economic evaluations.MethodsPreference-based health-related quality of life outcomes associated with major behavioural risk factors were estimated using the EuroQol EQ-5D responses of 14 117 participants, aged ≥16 years, in the 2008 Health Survey for England. Multivariable linear regression was used to model the relationship between the five risk factors and EQ-5D utility scores. In addition, logistic regression was used to model their relationship to dichotomous reports of problems for each of the five EQ-5D dimensions.ResultsOnly one-third of participants had a body mass index within normal range, never drank alcohol, consumed at least five portions of fruit or vegetable/day or exercised regularly, while nearly half of participants were smokers or ex-smokers. In the fully adjusted multivariable analyses, reductions in EQ-5D utility scores (95% CI) of 0.105 (0.072 to 0.137), 0.062 (0.042 to 0.082) and 0.142 (0.129 to 0.155) were estimated for a body mass index ≥40 kg/m2, heavy smoking (≥20 cigarettes/day) and physical inactivity, respectively. Hazardous alcohol consumption (men >4 and ≤8 units/day; women >3 and ≤6 units/day) and daily fruit and vegetable intake between three and less than five portions were associated with small positive effects on EQ-5D utility scores (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe high prevalence and substantial utility loss associated with obesity, smoking and physical inactivity highlight the potential impact that interventions aimed at their prevention or alleviation may have on population health.
Anticipated human population and climate change effects on algal blooms of a toxic haptophyte in the south-central USA1This article is derived from a special session entitled “A New Hydrology: Inflow Effects on Ecosystem Form and Functioning” that took place at the February 2011 ASLO Aquatic Sciences conference in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Authors: Roelke Daniel L. , Brooks Bryan W. , Grover James P. , Gable George M. , Schwierzke-Wade Leslie , Hewitt Natalie C. 
Published: July 2012

Effects of inflow on phytoplankton dynamics and assemblage structure have long been an interest of ecologists and resource managers, especially when they are linked to the incidence of harmful algal blooms. The frequency and magnitude of Prymnesium parvum bloom-preventing inflows likely in a drier landscape of south-central USA was explored, along with the relative importance of various factors important to blooms. We show that the number of large inflow events necessary to prevent blooms might decrease between 25% and 65% under drier conditions likely for this region. Long duration inflow events that are critical to lake flushing could nearly disappear, with inflow events lasting longer than 20 days decreasing 40-fold. These findings suggest that the frequency of P. parvum blooms and fish-kill events might increase in this region with human population and climate change. Multivariate analyses of monitoring data from multiple lakes indicate that other factors may be equally important to bloom occurrences. Inverse trends between toxic bloom events and nutrient concentrations, cyanobacteria, and lower pH are apparent. During periods when P. parvum populations were not toxic, an inverse relationship with zooplankton was observed. These other factors might be harnessed to mitigate P. parvum blooms in the future when inflows are reduced.
Interannual variation in larval survival of snapper (Chrysophrys auratus, Sparidae) is linked to diet breadth and prey availability
Authors: Murphy Hannah M. , Jenkins Gregory P. , Hamer Paul A. , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: July 2012

Larval snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus , Sparidae) sampled over 7 years had different diets and feeding strategies between years with lower versus higher larval and 0+ abundances. We analysed stomach contents of snapper larvae from each year to determine diet composition, prey selectivity, prey quality, and trophic niche breadth and compared larval diet with prey availability. Snapper larvae from higher abundance years were specialized foragers selecting for calanoid nauplii at 2–4 mm standard length (SL) and calanoid copepodites and cladocerans at >4 mm SL. These larvae were characterized by either a constant or dome-shaped trophic niche breadth and an increase in prey quality (size of consumed prey) with increasing larval size. Snapper larvae from lower abundance years were generalist foragers characterized by an increase in trophic niche breadth, but not prey quality, with increasing larval size. Changes in foraging strategies were concordant with changes in the prey environment, with low zooplankton densities corresponding with generalist diet (lower larval abundance) years and high zooplankton densities with specialist diet (higher larval abundance) years. These findings suggest that snapper larval survival and juvenile recruitment strength is linked to changes in larval diet that relate to prey abundance and composition.
Expression of canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling components in the developing human lung
Authors: Zhang Mingfeng , Shi Jueping , Huang Yide , Lai Laijun 
Published: July 2012

Abstract
Background
The WNT/β-CATENIN signaling cascade is crucial for the patterning of the early lung morphogenesis in mice, but its role in the developing human lung remains to be determined. In this study, expression patterns of canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling components, including WNT ligands (WNT2, WNT7B), receptors ( FZD4, FZD7, LRP5, LRP6), transducers ( DVL2, DVL3, GSK-3β, β-CATENIN, APC, AXIN2), transcription factors ( TCF4, LEF1) and antagonists ( SOSTDC1) were examined in human embryonic lung at 7, 12, 17 and 21 weeks of gestation (W) by real-time qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization.

Results
qRT-PCR analysis showed that some of these components were gradually upregulated, while some were significantly downregulated from the 7 W to the 12 W. However, most components reached a high level at 17 W, with a subsequent decrease at 21 W. In situ hybridization showed that the canonical WNT ligands and receptors were predominantly located in the peripheral epithelium, whereas the canonical WNT signal transducers and transcription factors were not only detected in the respiratory epithelium, but some were also scattered at low levels in the surrounding mesenchyme in the developing human lung. Furthermore, Western blot, qRT-PCR and histological analysis demonstrated that the β-CATENIN-dependent WNT signaling in embryonic human lung was activated in vitro by CHIR 99021 stimulation.

Conclusions
This study of the expression patterns and in vitro activity of the canonical WNT/β-CATENIN pathways suggests that these components play an essential role in regulation of human lung development.
Pleiotropic functions of catabolite control protein CcpA in Butanol-producing Clostridium acetobutylicum
Authors: Ren Cong , Gu Yang , Wu Yan , Zhang Weiwen , Yang Chen , Yang Sheng , Jiang Weihong 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background

Clostridium acetobutylicum has been used to produce butanol in industry. Catabolite control protein A (CcpA), known to mediate carbon catabolite repression (CCR) in low GC gram-positive bacteria, has been identified and characterized in C. acetobutylicum by our previous work (Ren, C. et al. 2010, Metab Eng 12: 446– 54). To further dissect its regulatory function in C. acetobutylicum, CcpA was investigated using DNA microarray followed by phenotypic, genetic and biochemical validation.

Results
CcpA controls not only genes in carbon metabolism, but also those genes in solvent production and sporulation of the life cycle in C. acetobutylicum: i) CcpA directly repressed transcription of genes related to transport and metabolism of non-preferred carbon sources such as d-xylose and l-arabinose, and activated expression of genes responsible for d-glucose PTS system; ii) CcpA is involved in positive regulation of the key solventogenic operon sol (adhE1-ctfA-ctfB) and negative regulation of acidogenic gene bukII; and iii) transcriptional alterations were observed for several sporulation-related genes upon ccpA inactivation, which may account for the lower sporulation efficiency in the mutant, suggesting CcpA may be necessary for efficient sporulation of C. acetobutylicum, an important trait adversely affecting the solvent productivity.

Conclusions
This study provided insights to the pleiotropic functions that CcpA displayed in butanol-producing C. acetobutylicum. The information could be valuable for further dissecting its pleiotropic regulatory mechanism in C. acetobutylicum, and for genetic modification in order to obtain more effective butanol-producing Clostridium strains.
Genome-wide expression analysis upon constitutive activation of the HacA bZIP transcription factor in Aspergillus niger reveals a coordinated cellular response to counteract ER stress
Authors: Carvalho Neuza DSP , Jørgensen Thomas R , Arentshorst Mark , Nitsche Benjamin M , van den Hondel Cees AMJJ , Archer David B , Ram Arthur FJ 
Published: July 2012

AbstractBackgroundHacA/Xbp1 is a conserved bZIP transcription factor in eukaryotic cells which regulates gene expression in response to various forms of secretion stress and as part of secretory cell differentiation. In the present study, we replaced the endogenoushacAgene of anAspergillus nigerstrain with a gene encoding a constitutively active form of the HacA transcription factor (HacACA). The impact of constitutive HacA activity during exponential growth was explored in bioreactor controlled cultures using transcriptomic analysis to identify affected genes and processes.ResultsTranscription profiles for the wild-type strain (HacAWT) and the HacACAstrain were obtained using Affymetrix GeneChip analysis of three replicate batch cultures of each strain. In addition to the well known HacA targets such as the ER resident foldases and chaperones, GO enrichment analysis revealed up-regulation of genes involved in protein glycosylation, phospholipid biosynthesis, intracellular protein transport, exocytosis and protein complex assembly in the HacACAmutant. Biological processes over-represented in the down-regulated genes include those belonging to central metabolic pathways, translation and transcription. A remarkable transcriptional response in the HacACAstrain was the down-regulation of the AmyR transcription factor and its target genes.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the constitutive activation of the HacA leads to a coordinated regulation of the folding and secretion capacity of the cell, but with consequences on growth and fungal physiology to reduce secretion stress.
Comparative molecular analyses of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains B31 and N40D10/E9 and determination of their pathogenicity
Authors: Chan Kamfai , Awan Mehwish , Barthold Stephen W , Parveen Nikhat 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
Lyme disease in the United States is caused primarily by B. burgdorferi sensu stricto while other species are also prevalent in Europe. Genetic techniques have identified several chromosomal and plasmid-borne regulatory and virulence factors involved in Lyme pathogenesis. B31 and N40 are two widely studied strains of B. burgdorferi, which belong to two different 16 S-23 S rRNA spacer types (RST) and outer surface protein C (OspC) allelic groups. However, the presence of several known virulence factors in N40 has not been investigated. This is the first comprehensive study that compared these two strains both in vitro and using the mouse model of infection.

Results
Phylogenetic analyses predict B31 to be more infectious. However, our studies here indicate that N40D10/E9 is more infectious than the B31 strain at lower doses of inoculation in the susceptible C3H mice. Based-upon a careful analyses of known adhesins of these strains, it is predicted that the absence of a known fibronectin-glycosaminoglycan binding adhesin, bbk32, in the N40 strain could at least partially be responsible for reduction in its binding to Vero cells in vitro. Nevertheless, this difference does not affect the infectivity of N40D10/E9 strain. The genes encoding known regulatory and virulence factors critical for pathogenesis were detected in both strains. Differences in the protein profiles of these B. burgdorferi strains in vitro suggest that the novel, differentially expressed molecules may affect infectivity of B. burgdorferi. Further exacerbation of these molecular differences in vivo could affect the pathogenesis of spirochete strains.

Conclusion
Based upon the studies here, it can be predicted that N40D10/E9 disseminated infection at lower doses may be enhanced by its lower binding to epithelial cells at the site of inoculation due to the absence of BBK32. We suggest that complete molecular analyses of virulence factors followed by their evaluation using the mouse infection model should form the basis of determining infectivity and pathogenicity of different strains rather than simple phylogenetic group analyses. This study further emphasizes a need to investigate multiple invasive strains of B. burgdorferi to fully appreciate the pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to Lyme disease manifestations.
Dual regulation of P-glycoprotein expression by Trichostatin A in cancer cell lines
Authors: Balaguer Trinidad Mata , Gómez-Martínez Angeles , García-Morales Pilar , Lacueva Javier , Calpena Rafael , Reverte Lourdes Rocamora , Riquelme Natividad Lopez , Martinez-Lacaci Isabel , Ferragut José A , Saceda Miguel 
Published: July 2012

Abstract

Background
It has been reported that the histone deacetylase inhibitor (iHDAc) trichostatin A (TSA) induces an increase in MDR1 gene transcription (ABCB1). This result would compromise the use of iHDACs in combination with other cytotoxic agents that are substrates of P-glycoprotein (Pgp). It has also been reported the use of alternative promoters by the ABCB1 gene and the existence of a translational control of Pgp protein. Finally, the ABCB1 gene is located in a genetic locus with the nested gene RUNDC3B in the complementary DNA strand, raising the possibility that RUNDC3B expression could interfere with ABCB1 alternative promoter regulation.

Methods
A combination of RT-PCR, real time RT-PCR, Western blot and drug accumulation assays by flow cytometry has been used in this study.

Results
The iHDACs-induced increase in MDR1 mRNA levels is not followed by a subsequent increase in Pgp protein levels or activity in several pancreatic and colon carcinoma cell lines, suggesting a translational control of Pgp in these cell lines. In addition, the MDR1 mRNA produced in these cell lines is shorter in its 5′ end that the Pgp mRNA produced in cell lines expressing Pgp protein. The different size of the Pgp mRNA is due to the use of alternative promoters. We also demonstrate that these promoters are differentially regulated by TSA. The translational blockade of Pgp mRNA in the pancreatic carcinoma cell lines could be related to alterations in the 5′ end of the MDR1 mRNA in the Pgp protein expressing cell lines. In addition, we demonstrate that the ABCB1 nested gene RUNDC3B expression although upregulated by TSA is independent of the ABCB1 alternative promoter used.

Conclusions
The results show that the increase in MDR1 mRNA expression after iHDACs treatment is clinically irrelevant since this mRNA does not render an active Pgp protein, at least in colon and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TSA in fact, regulates differentially both ABCB1 promoters, downregulating the upstream promoter that is responsible for active P-glycoprotein expression. These results suggest that iHDACs such as TSA may in fact potentiate the effects of antitumour drugs that are substrates of Pgp. Finally, we also demonstrate that TSA upregulates RUNDC3B mRNA independently of the ABCB1 promoter in use.