bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition screening process for patients in an acute public hospital servicing an elderly, culturally diverse population
Authors: FREW Elizabeth , SEQUEIRA Jennifer , CANT Robyn 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim:  To develop a process for malnutrition screening for adult multi‐day inpatients in an acute public hospital with a large, elderly, multicultural population and streamline referrals to match current workforce resources.Method:  Admitted patients were screened over five months in 2008 using the Malnutrition Screening Tool. For any patient who was unable to communicate because of their medical condition or where an English language barrier existed, an observational item was added and applied to identify ‘frail’ or ‘underweight’ appearance. Patients identified using the frail item were assessed for malnutrition by dietitians using Subjective Global Assessment.Results:  Of 3033 patients (72% of admissions) screened using Malnutrition Screening Tool, 16.5% were at risk of malnutrition. A further 6.5% were deemed at risk using the frail item. The mean age of all at‐risk patients was 71 ± 23 years; 57% were females. Of patients screened, 10% experienced communication barriers. With systematic screening, referral of patients increased by 39%. Dietitians assessed 95 patients identified by the frail item using Subjective Global Assessment; and 58% were confirmed as malnourished.Conclusion:  The study identified a proportion of acute hospital patients for whom nutrition screening using Malnutrition Screening Tool was difficult because of limited applicability if a patient was unable to communicate. Use of the Malnutrition Screening Tool modified by an additional frail/underweight observation was practical in a systematic nutrition screening process and assisted the containment of dietitians' workloads. Further research is warranted to develop or modify a subjective tool valid for the screening of all targeted hospital patients.
Nutrition risk screening in community‐living older people attending medical or falls prevention services
Authors: WATSON Sally , ZHANG Zhongxian (Katherine) , WILKINSON Tim J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAim:  To identify the prevalence of nutrition risk among community‐living older people in Christchurch, New Zealand and to establish the frequently occurring risk factors for poor nutrition.Methods:  A convenience sample of 152 community‐living older people was recruited from five medical centres and a falls prevention service. Interview in the home included nutrition risk assessment as measured by the Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition questionnaire. All participants at nutrition risk were either provided dietary advice at the time of interview or offered referral to a nutrition‐related intervention.Results:  Of the participants, 23% (n = 35) were ‘at risk’ of poor nutrition and 31% (n = 47) were ‘at high risk’. The four frequently occurring risk factors for those ‘at high risk’ were: unintentional weight change (79%), eating alone (72%), perception of own weight (68%) and low milk product intake (66%).Conclusion:  Seniors in the Community: Risk Evaluation for Eating and Nutrition questionnaire identified that approximately half of a sample of community‐living older people in Christchurch were at risk of poor nutrition. The implications of low scores on the nutrition risk screening questionnaire deserve further exploration.
Surgical correction of rectovaginal fistula in mares and subsequent fertility
Authors: Jalim SL , McKinnon AO 
Published: May 2010

Objective To evaluate the fertility of mares bred at various intervals relative to surgical management of rectovaginal fistula (RVF).Materials and Methods Surgical repair of RVF was performed in 28 mares at variable times relative to foaling (30 days to 24 months) and also relative to rebreeding (same cycle or delayed). Postoperative fertility was then evaluated.Results Two mares were already pregnant at the time of surgery and 20 of 23 mares (87%) that were bred immediately prior to or following surgery conceived from their first service. When mares were bred in the same cycle as surgery, the next cycle following surgery or in the following breeding season after surgery the pregnancy rate was 5/5, 5/6 and 10/12, respectively, and the foaling rates were 4/5, 4/6 and 7/12. The two mares already pregnant at the time of surgery foaled successfully.Conclusions Excellent fertility can be achieved following surgical repair of RVF and our results suggest that delaying breeding until the following breeding season is not necessary. In addition, breeding in the same cycle as the surgical repair is a previously unreported technique that should be considered to maintain normal fertility and a yearly foaling interval.
The incidence of malaria and the comparison of hematological and biochemical indices of Plasmodium falciparum‐parasitemic and aparasitemic sickle cell disease (SCD) patients
Authors: NSIAH K. , DZOGBEFIA V. P. , ANSONG D. , BOATENG H. , OCLOO D. , OSEI‐FREMPONG E. , KENA FREMPONG N. , OSEI AKOTO A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryHemolytic anemia is common in sickle cell disease (SCD), but the course and extent differ, depending on genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In the malaria‐endemic tropical environment, some vulnerable subjects would be infected and the impact of infection would vary. Therefore, this study was to find malaria incidence and the associated changes in some laboratory indices in 330 SCD subjects. Following blood smear preparation for falciparum detection, hematological and biochemical indices were measured for a comparison of parasitemic and age‐matched, genotype‐matched, and sex‐matched nonparasitemics. For sixty‐nine parasitemics, constituting about 21% of all subjects studied, and sixty‐six matched nonparasitemics, hematological indices (hemoglobin, white‐cell count, red‐cell count, mean cellular volume, reticulocyte count, and HbF) as well as biochemical indices (LDH, total bilirubin, AST, and ALT) were determined. For all quantities, except the reticulocyte count (12.3% ± 12.4% for parasitemics and 23.6% ± 17.7% for nonparasitemics), no statistically significant differences were observed. Classification of both cohorts according to their genotypes showed some intergenotypic differences for hemoglobin and WBC counts. Mathematical modeling of the reticulocyte counts shows the distribution in the parasitemics followed an exponential pattern, while the nonparasitemic showed a polynomial distribution, with each model characterized by an equation of best fit. The study has shown about 21% incidence of parasitemia. All differences in the indices can be seen as normal variations, unattributable to the malaria infection. However, the lower reticulocyte count in the parasitemic is a reflection of lowered erythropoietic activity because of the infection.
Bioactive Compounds from Marine Bacteria and Fungi
Authors: Debbab Abdessamad , Aly Amal H. , Lin Wen H. , Proksch Peter 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMarine bacteria and fungi are of considerable importance as new promising sources of a huge number of biologically active products. Some of these marine species live in a stressful habitat, under cold, lightless and high pressure conditions. Surprisingly, a large number of species with high diversity survive under such conditions and produce fascinating and structurally complex natural products. Up till now, only a small number of microorganisms have been investigated for bioactive metabolites, yet a huge number of active substances with some of them featuring unique structural skeletons have been isolated. This review covers new biologically active natural products published recently (2007–09) and highlights the chemical potential of marine microorganisms, with focus on bioactive products as well as on their mechanisms of action.
Permanent Genetic Resources added to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 February 2010–31 March 2010
Authors:   Molecular Ecology Resources Primer Development Consortium, AURELLE D. , BAKER A.J. , BOTTIN L. , BROUAT C. , CACCONE A. , CHAIX A. , DHAKAL P. , DING Y. , DUPLANTIER J.M. , FIEDLER W. , FIETZ J. , FONG Y. , FORCIOLI D. , FREITAS T.R.O. , GUNNARSSON G.H. , HADDRATH O. , HADZIABDIC D. , HAUKSDOTTIR S. , HAVILL N.P. , HEINRICH M. , HEINZ T. , HJORLEIFSDOTTIR S. , HONG Y. , HREGGVIDSSON G.O. , HUCHETTE S. , HURST J. , KANE M. , KANE N.C. , KAWAKAMI T. , KE W. , KEITH R.A. , KLAUKE N. , KLEIN J. L. , KUN J.F.J. , LI C. , LI G.‐Q. , LI J.‐J. , LOISEAU A. , LU L.‐Z. , LUCAS M. , MARTINS‐FERREIRA C. , MOKHTAR‐JAMAÏ K. , OLAFSSON K. , PAMPOULIE C. , PAN L. , POOLER M. R. , REN J.‐D. , RINEHART T. A. , ROUSSEL V. , SANTOS M. O. , SCHAEFER H. M. , SCHEFFLER B. E. , SCHMIDT A. , SEGELBACHER G. , SHEN J.‐D. , SKIRNISDOTTIR S. , SOMMER S. , TAO Z.‐R. , TAUBERT R. , TIAN Y. , TOMIUK J. , TRIGIANO R.N. , UNGERER M.C. , Van WORMHOUDT A. , WADL P. A. , WANG D.‐Q. , WEIS‐DOOTZ T. , XIA Q. , YUAN Q.‐Y. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis article documents the addition of 228 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Anser cygnoides, Apodemus flavicollis, Athene noctua, Cercis canadensis, Glis glis, Gubernatrix cristata, Haliotis tuberculata, Helianthus maximiliani, Laricobius nigrinus, Laricobius rubidus, Neoheligmonella granjoni, Nephrops norvegicus, Oenanthe javanica, Paramuricea clavata, Pyrrhura orcesi and Samanea saman. These loci were cross‐tested on the following species: Apodemus sylvaticus, Laricobius laticollis and Laricobius osakensis (a proposed new species currently being described).
Toxoplasma gondiiandTrypanosoma cruziAntibodies in Dogs from Virginia
Authors: Rosypal A. C. , Hill R. , Lewis S. , Braxton K. , Zajac A. M. , Lindsay D. S. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryToxoplasma gondiiandTrypanosoma cruziare zoonotic protozoan parasites that cause disseminated infections in many vertebrate species. The present study determined the seroprevalence ofT. gondiiandTr. cruziin a population of dogs from Virginia. Serum samples were tested from 90 domestic dogs collected from animal shelters in Virginia. Using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, sera were examined at a 1 : 50 dilution and antibodies toT. gondiiwere found in 19 dogs (21%). Antibodies toTr. cruziwere determined by qualitative immunochromatographic dipstick assay. One (1%) of the 90 dogs hadTr. cruziantibodies and it was also seropositive forT. gondii.Our findings indicate that dogs are frequently exposed toT. gondiiin Virginia, but that antibodies toTr. cruziare rare in the same geographical region.
Sex Differences in Science Museums: A Review
Authors: Diamond Judy 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTGirls as a group have far fewer science‐ and math‐related experiences than boys. This article reviews what is known about how these differences carry over into science museums. Behavioral studies indicate that girls generally engage in more cooperative behavior at museum exhibits, and boys explore exhibits more actively on their own. However, there are large differences between institutions and even discrepancies between similar studies at the same institution. Museums may be able to minimize gender differences by anticipating them in the design of exhibits and programs.
Neither Too Young Nor Too Old: A Comparison of Visitor Characteristics
Authors: Hood Marilyn G. , Roberts Lisa C. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTIdentification and characterization of two key visitor groups by age emerged from a year‐long visitor research project at the Chicago Botanic Garden. the two groups (seniors aged 55 and older, who dominated the audience profile in all four seasons, and younger guests, aged 18 to 34, who were minimally present) are discussed in relation to their differing leisure preferences, expectations of the Garden, psychographics, and demographics, and to the impact their distinct leisure interests and values will have on program planning and marketing. Applying the data to decision making and action requires prioritizing the Garden's responses to each of these audiences regarding use of interpretive materials/activities, design of special events and learning programs, development of a family discovery center, expansion of environmental programming, and emphasis on the social experience of a casual visit to the Garden.
Archeological and Natural Resource Collections of the National Park Service: Opportunities and Threats
Authors: Hitchcock Ann 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTArcheological and natural resource collections are nonrenewable and become increasingly valuable over time. Some would argue that collections and collecting have been severely threatened by decreasing financial and other support, especially over the last decade. However, this situation does not fully apply to the National Park Service (NPS). NPS archeological and natural resource collections have grown, as has the rate of collecting, though less than 2% of NPS collections are natural resource specimens, whereas 52% are archeological. (The other 46% are historical, ethnographic, and archival collections.) When the NPS began compiling annual statistics in 1983, it found that the rate of collecting far exceeded the rate of cataloguing. In addition, many collections were stored or exhibited in substandard conditions. The NPS developed a strategy identifying the problems and estimating the cost for correction. The plan influenced Congress to increase appropriations to the NPS for collections management, which, from 1988 through 1994, have totaled $26.7 million. Following the lead of the NPS, the Department of the Interior has adopted a similar strategy.
A Narrative History Museum
Authors: Weinberg Jeshajahu 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) opened in April 1993 in Washington, DC, to wide critical and popular acclaim. It is a narrative rather than a collection‐based museum in that its displays are based on facts rather than things. The facts of the Holocaust are presented objectively. At the same time, the museum employs design elements that involve visitors in the narrative and enable them to understand it and the events' universal implications.
Forgeries of Fossils in “Amber”: History, Identification and Case Studies
Authors: Grimaldi David A. , Shedrinsky Alexander , Ross Andrew , Baer Norbert S. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe appeal of ancient fossilized tree resin, or amber, has made pieces with animal and plant inclusions particularly prized. Unfortunately, amber forgeries are more convincingly and routinely made than most other kinds of fossils, by embedding organisms in natural resins (e.g., copal) or synthetic resins (especially polyester) or by filling a carved niche in a natural piece of amber with resin and a modern inclusion. The confusion of organisms in copal (forged and natural) for ones in amber has a long history. Reviewed here are simple tests for discerning forgeries and natural inclusions in both substances. We discuss an old but sophisticated technique for crafting amber forgeries from authentic amber and present several new examples from old collections in two large museum collections. Also discussed is the widespread use of polyester resin forgeries in the Dominican Republic and Mexico.
Museums and the Living Artist
Authors: Moser Joann 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTDuring the past two decades, relationships between artists and museums have changed in subtle, but significant, ways. Artists have become more fully integrated into the day‐to‐day workings of the art museum, whether as employees, guest curators, or even as members of decision‐making boards. A new awareness of museum ethics in the 1980s has led to questioning of some common practices, and issues such as censorship have come to the fore. What has emerged is the growing realization on the part of both museums and artists that their fates are inextricably linked.
Finding Common Ground
Authors: Bedford Leslie 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTTeen Tokyo, a 3,000‐square‐foot, $1‐million long‐term exhibition at The Children's Museum, Boston, opened in 1992. It was developed to complement the museum's permanent Japanese House exhibition and to further its commitment to teaching about cultural differences and similarities. Designed primarily, but not exclusively, for youngsters aged 10 to 15 years, it is about growing up in contemporary Japan and the international culture of youth. An international team of developers, designers, and consultants spent five years preparing and funding the exhibition, using formative evaluation throughout. The project also included publication of a 50‐page catalogue/curriculum unit.
The Wondrous Head of Roscrea: A Personal Account
Authors: Carpenter Edmund 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe “Wondrous Head of Roscrea,” a wooden head that combines Celtic and Maori features, was accepted by a number of professionals, including the author, as an authentic Irish sculpture. An initial investigation provided much supporting evidence, save for one detail—the date of an auction. Once that was supplied, the whole story collapsed. Whatever the faker's intention, he never intended to fool us. We fooled ourselves.
Collaborative Multimedia
Authors: Diamond Judy , Bond Alan , Schenker Beth , Meier Debra , Twersky Dana 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTSix natural history institutions contributed video and other images to produce a single multimedia exhibit about famous paleontology sites throughout the United States. In Mesozoic Monsters, Mammals and Magnolias, users can view videos of the original excavation of each of the sites and also play computer games relating to each location. This project provides a model for how collaboration among museums can reduce the cost of multimedia exhibits while improving quality and making them available to wider audiences.
Multimedia Science Kits: A Museum Project on Women Scientists and Their Research
Authors: Diamond Judy , Hochman Gary , Gardner Suzanne M. , Schenker Beth , Langan Marian 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThe University of Nebraska State Museum (UNSM) is creating multimedia outreach kits on the research of women scientists. The collaborative effort has included Nebraska Educational Telecommunications, curricula developers, biographers, graphic designers, and evaluators. The goal of the project is to increase the number of girls interested in pursuing careers in science, and to this end, women scientists are presented as role models. Wonderwise kits target students in grades four through six through student‐centered, inquiry‐based activities, specimens and tools, videos of the scientists working in the field, resource‐based CD‐ROMs, and short biographies of the scientists. This project presents a model of how museums can collaborate with schools to improve science education on a statewide basis.
Displaying Dinosaurs at The Natural History Museum, London
Authors: Lindsay William , Larkin Nigel , Smith Neil 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTDinosaur reconstructions have been exhibited in public for over a hundred years. During that time, scientific and public understanding of these extinct animals has changed considerably. Changes in perception have influenced and been influenced by the three‐dimensional reconstructions mounted in museums and galleries, and these in turn have been influenced by the availability and use of mounting materials and techniques. The dinosaur exhibition in The Natural History Museum (NHM) in London contains examples of original, altered, and new dinosaur reconstructions that are described here—two, Gallimimus and Massospondylus, in detail. The final form of any reconstructed dinosaur is often influenced by factors beyond the control of the conservation, preparation, and mounting workers involved.
Bringing Leonardo to Life: Introducing Students to the Codex Leicester
Authors: Sita Lisa 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTAs natural history museums are becoming more state‐of‐the‐art, integrating computer technology and other interactive components into their exhibits, challenges arise as to how best incorporate these elements into the learning that occurs in a traditional museum setting. In October of 1996, the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) hosted the exhibition Leonardo's Codex Leicester: A Masterpiece of Science, which included interactive computer stations as well as ten working models designed specifically for the exhibition. This article explores the museum's approach to making use of these interactives in planning and implementing a school program for this exhibition. The program was experimental in its format, given the short run of this exhibition, as well as limited planning time. The purpose of this article is to determine what a museum can do to offer quality programs that reach as many students as possible when working under time constraints.
Exhibitions and Expectations: The Case of “Degenerate Art”
Authors: Doering Zahava D. , Pekarik Andrew J. , Kindlon Audrey E. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis article describes a study of the exhibition “Degenerate Art”: The Fate of the Avant‐Garde in Nazi Germany conducted in 1991 and 1992 at two venues, Washington, DC, and Berlin, Germany. The study, based on survey data, found that visitors in both locations were very similar, and that their descriptions of the main purpose of the exhibition were also alike. The two audiences differed strongly, however, on whether or not the exhibition had anything to do with their lives. A significantly higher percentage of Washington visitors found the exhibition personally relevant. The paper attributes this difference to the concerns of the two audiences at that time. Specifically, it links the Washington reaction to the contemporaneous controversy regarding the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). Overall, the study addresses the relationship between prior attitudes and exhibition experiences.
On the Road with Rock and Soul
Authors: Kalata Jean M. , Doering Zahava D. , Pekarik Andrew J. 
Published: May 2010

ABSTRACTThis article reports on a study conducted for an exhibition team at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History (NMAH). As part of the planning process for a major exhibition, we studied visitors at a small preview exhibition, The Social Roots of Rock and Soul. Personal interviews, including a tape‐recorded portion in front of the Rock and Soul display about the images and the themes, were conducted at four venues of the Smithsonian's 150th Anniversary traveling exhibition, America's Smithsonian (Los Angeles, Kansas City, St. Paul, and Houston).The most significant finding from visitor responses is strong regional differences. The study also showed that visitors responded to the images and storyline differently, depending on whether the material was presented through video or panels.
Environmental Issues in the Museum: Applying Public Perceptions in Exhibition Development
Authors: HENRIKSEN ELLEN KAROLINE 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper describes an exhibition on radiation* and the environment. In the exhibition‐development process, students' and lay people's conceptions on radiation issues as described in the literature were considered. How these conceptions and the theoretical frame of constructivism may guide exhibition development is discussed. Whether an exhibition of this kind can facilitate cognitive change and aid personal judgment in environmental matters is considered on the basis of data from 16‐year‐olds' use of the exhibition.
The EcoTarium Story—Past, Present, and Future
Authors: COLE PEGGY RUTH 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis paper outlines the story of the country's second‐oldest natural history museum from its founding in 1825 to the present. Its history includes seven name changes reflecting the young society's struggle to survive, the changing cultural environment, and the extension of its audiences from the immediate Worcester neighborhood to the New England regional area. The article also reviews its scope from several cabinets of specimens to displays of wildlife, exhibitions about ecology, astronomy, and technology, along with comprehensive education programming.