bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of Microstructure Changes During Hot Deformation Using Cellular Automata
Authors: Kuc D. , Gawąd J. 
Published: June 2011

Modelling of Microstructure Changes During Hot Deformation Using Cellular AutomataThe paper is focused on an application of the cellular automata (CA) method to description of microstructure changes in continuous deformation condition. The model approach consists of Cellular Automata model of microstructure development and the thermal-mechanical finite element (FE) code. Dynamic recrystallization phenomenon is taken into account in 2D CA model which takes advantage of explicit representation of microstructure, including individual grains and grain boundaries. Flow stress is the main material parameter in mechanical part of FE and is calculated on the basis of average dislocation density obtained from the CA model. The results obtained from the model were validated with the experimental data. In the present study, austenitic steel X3CrNi18-10 was investigated. The examination of microstructure for the initial and final microstructures was carried out, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and EBSD technique. Compression forces were recorded during the tests and flow stresses were determined using the inverse method.
Effect of Latent Myofascial Trigger Points on Strength Measurements of the Upper Trapezius: A Case-Controlled Trial
Authors: Doraisamy Magesh Anand , Anshul  
Published: June 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this article was to determine whether strength is altered in the upper trapezius in the presence of latent myofascial trigger points (MTrP). Methods: This study was case controlled and used convenience sampling. The sample recruited was homogeneous with respect to age, sex, height, and body mass. Participants were assessed for the presence of latent MTrP in the upper trapezius and placed into two groups: an experimental group that had latent MTrP in the upper trapezius and a control group that did not. Eighteen women (mean age 21.4 y, SD 1.89; mean height 156.9 cm, SD 4.03; and mean body mass 51.7 kg, SD 5.84) made up the experimental group, and 19 women (mean age 20.3 y, SD 1.86; mean height 158.6 cm, SD 3.14; and mean body mass 53.2 kg, SD 5.17) made up the control group. We obtained strength measurements of the non-dominant arm using a handheld dynamometer and compared them between the two groups. Results: The difference in the strength measurements between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.59). Conclusions: The presence of latent MTrPs may not affect the strength of the upper trapezius.
Restriction des émissions de CO2 et pays émergents : un "effet Porter" appliqué aux exportations ?
Authors: Trotignon Jérôme 
Published: June 2011

À partir d’un modèle de gravité en panel, nous estimons les effets sur les exportations de la restriction des émissions de CO2 d’un pays relativement à ses partenaires. Le modèle introduit des variables dummy correspondant aux flux commerciaux internes et externes des groupes régionaux. La diminution des émissions s’avère bénéfique aux performances extérieures des entreprises, ce qui est conforme à l’hypothèse de Porter. Ce résultat s’applique aux PED et aux pays émergents, et de manière plus prononcée aux BIC (Brésil, Inde, Chine).
Vulnérabilité et développement soutenable en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Couharde Cécile , Géronimi Vincent , Maître d’Hôtel Élodie , Taranco Armand 
Published: June 2011

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la vulnérabilité du développement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, à partir de l’analyse de son épargne véritable. Si le calcul de l’épargne véritable ne fait pas apparaître de signe particulier de vulnérabilité sur la période 1970-2007, l’analyse de sa trajectoire démontre cependant l’existence d’effets de seuil dans l’activité du secteur nickel pour lesquels la trajectoire de développement suivie par la Nouvelle-Calédonie ne paraît plus soutenable.
Les taxes internationales dans le contexte de crise : une source de financement pérenne du développement durable
Authors: Gérardin Hubert , Poirot Jacques 
Published: June 2011

L’instauration de taxes internationales est susceptible d’apporter des ressources nouvelles permettant de financer le développement durable. Si ce type de taxes se limite, en 2011, à une taxation des billets d’avion dans quelques pays, elles pourraient concerner de nombreux autres domaines. Cet article examine le mécanisme de la taxation internationale, plus particulièrement les modalités potentielles de prélèvement et de l’affectation de ces ressources. La double nature de la taxe internationale est soulignée ; elle apparaît comme un instrument de financement innovant et comme un instrument de régulation des crises.
L'après Kyoto : quelle approche face au changement climatique ?
Authors: Blaise Séverine 
Published: June 2011

Ce travail s’interroge sur la nature et la portée qu’un accord international similaire au Protocole de Kyoto pourrait avoir pour l’après 2012. Nous montrons que les mécanismes du Protocole s’inscrivent dans une approche "faible" de la durabilité qui ne remet guère en cause le primat de l’économie sur le social et l’environnement, et que l’efficacité des instruments choisis est controversée sur le plan théorique. La conclusion souligne les insuffisances d’une telle solution face aux enjeux climatiques.
Les nappes alluviales de l’Allier en Limagne (Massif Central, France) : stratigraphie et corrélations avec le volcanisme régional
Authors: Pastre Jean‑François 
Published: June 2011

La vallée de l’Allier offre en Limagne une des séquences fluviatiles les plus développées en Europe. Le système de terrasses quaternaire postérieur à 2 Ma comporte 12 unités principales et de nombreuses unités secondaires à développement plus ou moins local. Il prolonge un ensemble de dépôts alluviaux pliocènes et plio‑pléistocènes étagés compris entre environ 5 et 2 Ma. Le volcanisme bordier, qui a joué un rôle important dans leur préservation, permet de disposer de nombreux repères chronologiques datés principalement par K‑Ar et 39Ar/40Ar. L’étude des cortèges de minéraux lourds volcaniques et des marqueurs plus ponctuels constitués par les quartz rhyolitiques et les laves différenciées permet de distinguer la majorité des dépôts et d’établir leur corrélation stratigraphique. Le rôle majeur joué par les téphras du Mont‑Dore (environ 3,5 à 0,25 Ma) dans la constitution des spectres minéralogiques permet de proposer des corrélations chronologiques plus ou moins précises avec la téphrochronologie établie pour ce strato‑volcan. Si l’analyse comparative des données morphostratigraphiques et sédimentologiques contribue à préciser la définition de nombreuses unités, elle montre aussi leur répartition très inégale dans l’espace et le temps. Plusieurs critères permettant d’établir la continuité et la discontinuité syn‑ et post‑sédimentaire des formations alluviales sont ainsi examinés.
L’évolution Plio-Quaternaire du bassin du Puy (Massif Central, France) : rythmes morphosédimentaires et volcanisme
Authors: Defive Emmanuelle , Gauthier Agnès , Pastre Jean-François 
Published: June 2011

Dans le bassin supérieur de la Loire (Velay, Massif Central, France), l’interaction du volcanisme basaltique Plio-Pléistocène du Devès (3 à 0,8 Ma) et de la dynamique fluviale est à l’origine de nombreuses modifications morphosédimentaires entre 3 et 0,8 Ma. Dans le bassin du Puy, elles ont abouti à la mise en place d’une séquence sédimentaire fluvio-lacustre de 150 m d’épaisseur qui représente un enregistrement de référence pour la connaissance du Pléistocène inférieur européen. Aux marqueurs biostratigraphiques fournis initialement par les faunes de mammifères sont venus s’ajouter d’autres jalons (palynologie, paléomagnétisme, datations K‑Ar, minéraux lourds...) précisant la chronologie du dépôt et le contexte de sa formation. La sédimentation apparaît contrôlée par l’édification en deux temps d’un barrage volcanique à l’exutoire aval du bassin. L’âge de la partie inférieure de ce barrage est fourni par des datations K‑Ar qui permettent de fixer vers 2,5 Ma le début de la sédimentation. Cet âge est corroboré par les données chronostratigraphiques fournies par la séquence lacustre de Ceyssac. Les dépôts accumulés au-dessus des alluvions grossières basales anté-barrage témoignent des ambiances lacustres brutalement induites au sein du bassin par ce premier barrage. Malgré la complexité paléogéographique de la zone, les données sédimentologiques et minéralogiques aident à élaborer un schéma évolutif général. Sphène et apatite du Mont‑Dore sont ainsi indicateurs de cette première étape dans l’élaboration du remblaiement. De même, l’apparition d’augites vertes du Mont-Dore à la partie intermédiaire du dépôt coïncide avec un regain de détritisme au sein du bassin, corrélatif du franchissement du premier barrage. Cet épisode est mal calé chronologiquement. La mise en place vers 2 Ma d’un deuxième barrage superposé au premier provoque le retour rapide d’une sédimentation lacustre qui prend fin vers 1 Ma. Les coulées du plateau du Devès recouvrent alors largement le secteur, avant leur réincision par la Loire et la Borne. Forçant la sédimentation dans le bassin du Puy, le volcanisme y a permis l’enregistrement des modifications bioclimatiques, qui s’expriment de manière générale par des dépôts fins durant les phases tempérées et des apports grossiers durant les périodes froides. Ces données, corroborées par la palynologie des séquences de Ceyssac et de La Rochelambert, établissent en particulier un détritisme accru lors de phases sédimentaires qui semblent se rapporter à l’Éburonien de la chronologie nordique. En amont du bassin du Puy se pose la question d’une corrélation de ces phénomènes sédimentaires avec l’évolution de la morphologie de la vallée, qui passe d’un berceau à une gorge.
Transition of Liesegang Precipitation Systems: Simulations with an Adaptive Grid PDE Method
Authors: Zegeling Paul A. , Lagzi István , Izsák Ferenc 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe dynamics of the Liesegang type pattern formation is investigated in a centrally symmetric two-dimensional setup. According to the observations in real experiments, the qualitative change of the dynamics is exhibited for slightly different initial conditions. Two kinds of chemical mechanisms are studied; in both cases the pattern formation is described using a phase separation model including the Cahn-Hilliard equations. For the numerical simulations we make use of an adaptive grid PDE method, which successfully deals with the computationally critical cases such as steep gradients in the concentration distribution and investigation of long time behavior. The numerical simulations show a good agreement with the real experiments.
A Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach for Self-Diffusion of Pt Atom Clusters on a Pt(111) Surface
Authors: Deák R. , Néda Z. , Barna P. B. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractA lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) approach is considered to study the statistical properties of the diffusion of Pt atom clusters on a Pt(111) surface. The interatomic potential experienced by the diffusing atoms is calculated by the embedded atom method and the hopping barrier for the allowed atomic movements are calculated using the Nudged Elastic Band method. The diffusion coefficient is computed for various cluster sizes and system temperatures. The obtained results are in agreement with the ones obtained in previous experimental and theoretical works. A simple scaling argument is proposed for the size dependence of the diffusion coefficient’s pre-factor. A detailed statistical analysis of the event by event KMC dynamics reveals two important and co-existing mechanisms for the diffusion of the cluster’s center of mass. At low temperatures (below T = 400K) the dominating mechanism responsible for the displacement of the cluster’s center of mass is the periphery (or edge) diffusion of the atoms. At high temperatures (above T = 800K) the dissociation and recombination of the clusters becomes more and more important.
Conservative Semi-Lagrangian Finite Difference WENO Formulations with Applications to the Vlasov Equation
Authors: Qiu Jing-Mei , Shu Chi-Wang 
Published: June 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new conservative semi-Lagrangian (SL) finite difference (FD) WENO scheme for linear advection equations, which can serve as a base scheme for the Vlasov equation by Strang splitting [4]. The reconstruction procedure in the proposed SL FD scheme is the same as the one used in the SL finite volume (FV) WENO scheme [3]. However, instead of inputting cell averages and approximate the integral form of the equation in a FV scheme, we input point values and approximate the differential form of equation in a FD spirit, yet retaining very high order (fifth order in our experiment) spatial accuracy. The advantage of using point values, rather than cell averages, is to avoid the second order spatial error, due to the shearing in velocity (v) and electrical field (E) over a cell when performing the Strang splitting to the Vlasov equation. As a result, the proposed scheme has very high spatial accuracy, compared with second order spatial accuracy for Strang split SL FV scheme for solving the Vlasov-Poisson (VP) system. We perform numerical experiments on linear advection, rigid body rotation problem; and on the Landau damping and two-stream instabilities by solving the VP system. For comparison, we also apply (1) the conservative SL FD WENO scheme, proposed in [22] for incompressible advection problem, (2) the conservative SL FD WENO scheme proposed in [21] and (3) the non-conservative version of the SL FD WENO scheme in [3] to the same test problems. The performances of different schemes are compared by the error table, solution resolution of sharp interface, and by tracking the conservation of physical norms, energies and entropies, which should be physically preserved.
Particle Collisions in a Lumped Particle Model
Authors: al-Khayat Omar , Bruaset Are Magnus , Langtangen Hans Petter 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThis paper presents an extension of the lumped particle model in [1] to include the effects of particle collisions. The lumped particle model is a flexible framework for the modeling of particle laden flows, that takes into account fundamental features, including advection, diffusion and dispersion of the particles. In this paper, we transform a binary collision model and concepts from kinetic theory into a collision procedure for the lumped particle framework. We apply this new collision procedure to investigate numerically the role of particle collisions in the hindered settling effect. The hindered settling effect is characterized by an increase in the effective drag coefficient CD that influences each particle in the flow. This coefficient is given by , where ϕ is the volume fraction of particles, is the drag coefficient for a single particle, and n ≃ 4.67 for creeping flow. We obtain an approximation for CD/CD by calculating the effective work done by collisions, and comparing that to the work done by the drag force. In our numerical experiments, we observe a minimal value of n = 3.0. Moreover, by allowing high energy dissipation, an approximation for the classical value for creeping flow, n = 4.7, is reproduced. We also obtain high values for n, up to n = 6.5, which is consistent with recent physical experiments on the sedimentation of sand grains.
Development and Validation of Detailed Clinical Models for Nursing Problems in Perinatal care
Authors: Kim Y. , Park H.-A. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryObjectives: The aims of this study were to develop detailed clinical models (DCMs) for nursing problems related to perinatal care and to test the applicability of these detailed clinical models. Methods: First, we extracted entities of nursing problems by analyzing nursing-problem statements from nursing records, reviewing the literature, and interviewing nurse experts. Second, we extracted attributes and possible values needed to describe the entities in more detail by again analyzing nursing statements, reviewing the literature, and consulting nurse experts. Third, DCMs were modeled by linking each entity with possible attributes with value sets and optionalities. Fourth, entities, attributes and value sets in the DCMs were mapped to the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) version 2. Finally, DCMs were validated by consulting a group of experts and by applying them to real clinical data and nursing care scenarios published in the literature. The adequacy of the entities, attributes, value sets, and optionalities of the attributes were validated.Results: Fifty-eight entities were identified, 41 entities from nursing records, 12 entities from literature review and 5 entities from nurse experts. Sixty-five attributes with values were identified, 25 attributes from nursing records, 34 attributes from literature review, and 6 attributes from nurse experts. In total 58 DCMs were developed and validated.Conclusions: The DCMs developed in this study can ensure that electronic health records contain meaningful and valid information, and support the semantic interoperability of nursing information.
Sampled‐data adaptive control of a class of nonlinear systems
Authors: Wu Buzhou , Ding Zhengtao 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe paper considers the discrete‐time implementation of a class of backstepping adaptive controllers for uncertain nonlinear systems in the parametric strict‐feedback form. The stability of the resultant sampled‐data system cannot be guaranteed when the direct discretization of the continuous‐time backstepping controller is applied to the same system via a sampling and hold device. Therefore, the paper has presented a sampled‐data control scheme which involves first modifying the existing continuous‐time controller and then discretizing it using the forward Euler method. It has been shown that the proposed control guarantees in a semi‐global sense the boundedness of all the variables of the overall sampled‐data system under some conditions. Particularly, the state of the nonlinear system to be controlled can converge to any arbitrarily small neighbourhood of the origin. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of tailor‐made nanoporous polyaniline derived with PVA/alkaline metal system for metal complexation
Authors: Lee Chan Woo , Choi Sang Hyop , Jeong Han Mo , Rhyu Sok‐Hawn , Chi Ki‐Whan , Yoon Koo Sik 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNanoporous polyanilines (PANIs) have attracted attention due to well‐defined molecular structures and chemical versatility, which also complicate the mechanisms of interaction between metal ions and PANI. To further understand the complexation with metal ions, tailor‐made nanoporous PANIs were synthesized with self‐stabilized dispersion polymerization (SSDP) using the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and various alkaline metals for suitable target metal complexation. The effective complexation results for the removal of Cr ions were obtained by the nanoporous PANI derived from a PVA/Li system. The synthesized tailor‐made PANI‐emeraldine base (EB) was easily oxidized by a Cr(VI) oxidant resulting in an pernigraniline form with a rigid polymer template and effective metal ion binding sites, and then the reduced form of Cr(III) can be complexed with the resulting PANI. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Determination of diethylstilbestrol based on biotin–streptavidin‐amplified time‐resolved fluoro‐immunoassay
Authors: Du Lingyun , Cheng Shuang , Wang Shuhao 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTA rapid and sensitive time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR–FIA) based on the biotin–streptavidin amplification system was developed for the determination of diethylstilbestrol (DES). Europium‐labelled streptavidin derivatives combined with europium and anhydride of diethylene triamine penta‐acetic acid were used to label streptavidin; biotin was coupled with goat anti‐rabbit IgG to form a biotin–goat anti‐rabbit IgG bridge between streptavidin–europium and the anti‐DES antibody in the immunoassay. The DES assay was carried out by measuring the fluorescence of Eu3+–SA at 615 nm. The presented method produced a wide linear range, 0.001–1000.0 ng/mL, and a detection limit up to 0.81 pg/mL for DES. The method was applied to determine DES in serum samples, with recoveries of 97.4–107.8% and RSD 1.32–4.04%. The assay results by the present method showed that biotin–streptavidin amplified TR–FIA for DES detection; it may offer high sensitivity and promising alternative special methods in biological samples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bis‐Azobenzene Crosslinkers for Photocontrol of Peptide Structure
Authors: Samanta Subhas , Woolley G. Andrew 
Published: June 2011

AbstractCrosslinkers that undergo large changes in length upon photoisomerization can produce large conformational changes, and thereby functional changes, in biomolecules. We have designed and synthesized extended and rigid bis‐azobenzene crosslinkers: 4,4′‐bis(4‐(2‐chloroacetamido)phenyl)diazenylbiphenyl (BPDB) and the water‐soluble sulfonated analogue 4,4′‐bis(4‐(2‐chloroacetamido)phenyl)diazenylbiphenyl‐2,2′‐disulfonate (BPDBS). These photoswitches can produce end‐to‐end distance changes of a minimum of ≈5 Å and a maximum of ≈23 Å upon trans/cis isomerization. They have high absorption coefficients (45–60 000 M−1 cm−1) and can produce up to ≈80 % cis isomers under favorable conditions. The photoswitching behavior of BPDBS‐crosslinked peptides was found to be highly dependent on the crosslinker attachment site. Upon UV irradiation (365 nm), significant decreases in α‐helix content were observed for peptides that were crosslinked with BPDBS through Cys residues at i,i+19, and i,i+21 positions. In contrast, large increases in α‐helix content were exhibited by i,i+11 crosslinked peptides. BPDBS thus constitutes a particularly bright and effective photoswitch for biomolecule photocontrol.
4Bs or not 4Bs: Bricks, bytes, brains, and bandwidth
Authors: Treat Tod 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe effective integration of planning to include bricks, bytes, brains, and bandwidth (the 4Bs) represents an opportunity for community colleges to extend their capacity as knowledge‐intensive organizations, coupling knowledge, technology, and learning. Integration is important to ensure that the interplay among organizations, agents within them, and technology result in enhanced global performance within the organization rather than localized improvement that creates new difficulties elsewhere. Enhanced roles for chief information officers should include people‐enhancing processes, such as learning, coaching, mentoring, and team development; attention to learning architectures that include the 4Bs; and a strategic emphasis on developing organizational intelligence through transformation of data into working knowledge.
Leveraging web technologies in student support self‐services
Authors: Herndon M. Craig 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe use of Web technologies to connect with and disperse information to prospective and current students can be effective for students as well as efficient for colleges. Early results of the use of such technologies in a statewide system point to high rates of satisfaction among students when information is delivered, provide clues on how various aspects of social media may be tapped to connect with existing and potential students, and offer a road map for effectively serving more students with fewer resources. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future applications for Web‐based technologies in multiplying the efforts of good academic counseling techniques to better serve and retain students.