bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical determination and pharmacokinetics of major metabolites of carbasalate calcium in broilers following oral administration
Authors: WANG X. , HUANG L.‐L. , CHEN D.‐M. , IHSAN A. , YUAN Z.‐H. 
Published: November 2010

Wang, X., Huang, L.‐L., Chen, D.‐M., Ihsan, A., Yuan, Z.‐H. Analytical determination and pharmacokinetics of major metabolites of carbasalate calcium in broilers following oral administration.J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 410–416.As a newer anti‐inflammatory agent, carbasalate calcium is used in various animal species. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of carbasalate calcium was investigated in broilers. Broilers, with body weight of 2.0 ± 0.3 kg, were administrated carbasalate calcium soluble powder at a single dose of 40 mg/kg body weight orally. The plasma concentrations of its metabolites, aspirin (ASA), salicylic acid (SA) and gentisic acid (GA) were determined by LC–MS/MS method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. After oral administration of carbasalate calcium, the plasma drug concentration for ASA, SA and GA reached a peak (Cmax) of 8.88 ± 1.31, 42.6 ± 4.62 and 10.1 ± 2.16 μg/mL at 0.170, 2.00 and 2.00 h, respectively. The terminal half‐life (t1/2λz) of ASA, SA and GA was 11.2 ± 8.04, 23.7 ± 17.1 and 28.6 ± 4.90 h, respectively. In conclusion, analytical method for the quantification of ASA, SA and GA in plasma in the broilers was developed and validated. In broilers, carbasalate calcium is quickly metabolized in ASA and ASA is rapidly converted to SA and one of the metabolites of SA is GA.
Evidence of host‐range expansion from new powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis) infections of triticale (×Triticosecale) in France
Authors: Walker A. S. , Bouguennec A. , Confais J. , Morgant G. , Leroux P. 
Published: November 2010

This study aimed to determine whether powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis is an endemic pathogen of triticale (×Triticosecale: Triticum × Secale), emerging as a result of recent changes in its pathogenicity, or whether it is a new pathogen, possibly resulting from hybridization between ff. spp. tritici and secalis. A secondary aim was to consider breeding practices that may have favoured this emergence. Phylogenetic analyses based upon six genes revealed the close relatedness of the novel entity and the ff. spp. tritici and secalis, but the IGS marker finally grouped together the isolates collected on triticale and on wheat, supporting the scenario of a recent host‐range expansion from wheat to triticale. Pathotype analyses concluded that virulence spectra of B. graminis infecting triticale were new in comparison to those observed for other reference formae speciales, and lack of fungicide resistance in triticale isolates strengthens the hypothesis of no or little genetic exchange between wheat and triticale populations of powdery mildew. This adaptation may follow the breakdown of plant resistance genes, which are probably not very diverse in current triticale cultivars since this criterion was not considered as a major one until recent years. Moreover, the complex selection and genetics of this hybrid cereal makes it difficult to predict the transmission of powdery mildew resistance genes.
Genetic variability among isolates of Fusarium oxysporum from sugar beet
Authors: Hill A. L. , Reeves P. A. , Larson R. L. , Fenwick A. L. , Hanson L. E. , Panella L. 
Published: November 2010

Fusarium yellows, caused by the soil‐borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae (Fob), can lead to significant yield losses in sugar beet. This fungus is variable in pathogenicity, morphology, host range and symptom production, and is not a well characterized pathogen on sugar beet. From 1998 to 2003, 86 isolates of F. oxysporum and 20 other Fusarium species from sugar beet, along with four F. oxysporum isolates from dry bean and five from spinach, were obtained from diseased plants and characterized for pathogenicity to sugar beet. A group of sugar beet Fusarium isolates from different geographic areas (including nonpathogenic and pathogenic F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. proliferatum and F. avenaceum), F. oxysporum from dry bean and spinach, and Fusarium DNA from Europe were chosen for phylogenetic analysis. Sequence data from β‐ tubulin, EF1α and ITS DNA were used to examine whether Fusarium diversity is related to geographic origin and pathogenicity. Parsimony and Bayesian MCMC analyses of individual and combined datasets revealed no clades based on geographic origin and a single clade consisting exclusively of pathogens. The presence of FOB and nonpathogenic isolates in clades predominately made up of Fusarium species from sugar beet and other hosts indicates that F. oxysporum f. sp. betae is not monophyletic.
Distribution of HLA‐B alleles in a Ugandan HIV‐infected adult population: NORA pharmacogenetic substudy of DART
Authors: Munderi Paula , Snowden Wendy B. , Walker Ann Sarah , Kityo Cissy , Mosteller Michael , Kabuye Geoffrey , Thoofer Navdeep K. , Ssali Francis , Gilks Charles F. , Hughes Arlene R. ,   on behalf of the DART Trial Team
Published: November 2010

SummaryObjectives  To determine the frequencies of HLA‐B alleles in Ugandan patients in the NORA substudy of the DART trial and to compare HLA‐B allele frequencies in those with and without clinically diagnosed hypersensitivity reaction (HSR).Methods  DNA‐based HLA‐B genotyping was used to determine HLA alleles in 247 participants who received abacavir, including all six participants (‘cases’) with clinically diagnosed abacavir HSR.Results  The incidence of clinical abacavir HSR in this double‐blinded study was 2.0% (6/300) in the abacavir group. As HLA‐B*5701 was absent throughout the entire cohort, including the six HSR ‘cases’, an association could not be established between HLA‐B*5701 and clinically diagnosed abacavir HSR. No other HLA‐B*57 alleles were present among the six ‘cases’. HLA‐B*5703 was the most frequent HLA‐B*57 allele among the abacavir‐tolerant participants.Conclusion  The rate of clinical HSR was low, which may reflect the expected 2–3% clinical false‐positive rate seen in previous double‐blind randomized studies. The presumption that these cases may be false‐positive abacavir HSR is supported by the fact that no HLA‐B*5701 alleles were found in the abacavir group. Implementation of prospective HLA‐B*5701 screening must be based on benefit/risk considerations within local practice. Clinical risk management remains paramount.
Cutaneous nocardiosis: report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Dodiuk‐Gad Roni , Cohen Eran , Ziv Michael , Goldstein Lee Hilary , Chazan Bibiana , Shafer Jan , Sprecher Hannah , Elias Mazen , Keness Yoram , Rozenman Dganit 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground  Cutaneous nocardiosis is an uncommon infectious disease that presents as a primary cutaneous infection or as a disseminated disease. It is often misdiagnosed because of its rarity and nonspecific clinical picture.Methods  We report a case of each type. The first case is an immunocompetent patient who was infected by Nocardia while gardening and developed a superficial skin infection – one of the three clinical manifestations of primary cutaneous nocardiosis. The second case is an immunocompromised patient with pulmonary nocardiosis that extended to the skin as part of a disseminated disease.Results  The immunocompetent patient with primary cutaneous nocardiosis had the classical features of a superficial skin infection. He had a nodular–pustular lesion on the right arm, which appeared 7 days after gardening with bare hands. Nocardia was identified in a skin culture taken from a pustule, unfortunately not to the species level. Treatment with minocycline for 3 months resulted in full remission of the lesion. The immunocompromised patient with disseminated nocardiosis had high fever, productive cough, hemoptysis, and erythematous nodules and pustules on the extremities. N. brasiliensis was isolated from bronchial samples and skin. Treatment with a high dose of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole for five months resulted in full recovery from cutaneous and pulmonary complaints. No relapse of the infection was found on follow‐up in either patient.Conclusion  These cases demonstrate the need for a high degree of suspicion, focused clinical search, and appropriate laboratory procedures in the diagnosis and management of cutaneous nocardiosis.
Clinicoepidemiological features of mycosis fungoides in Kuwait, 1991–2006
Authors: Alsaleh Qasem A. , Nanda Arti , Al‐Ajmi Hejab , Al‐Sabah Homoud , Elkashlan Muhammad , Al‐Shemmari Salem , Demierre Marie‐France 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground  Mycosis fungoides (MF) is an indolent, most common type of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) with an average estimated incidence of 0.5 cases per 100,000 persons per year in the western world. Although various clinical and epidemiological features are well delineated in the western population, the data is scarce from our region.Objectives  To study the clinicoepidemiological features of MF from Kuwait.Setting  A referral photobiology unit for cutaneous lymphomas in a national dermatology department in collaboration with three other dermatology departments in Kuwait and Kuwait cancer center.Patients and methods  One hundred and ninety‐three cases of MF registered between July 1991 and June 2006 were included for this study.Results  Eighty‐six percent of our MF cases were of Arab ethnicity. Males outnumbered the females by 2:1 ratio. Mean age at diagnosis was 35.20 ± 14.37 years, and 16% of the patients were diagnosed by the age 20 years. The annual incidence rate (IR) of MF in Kuwait was observed to be 0.43 cases per 100,000 persons with a significantly higher IR among Arabs as compared to non‐Arab Asians (RR = 4.4; 95% CI = 2.9–6.6). A successive rise in the IR of MF was noticed with the advancing age. The annual IR among males was more or less comparable to that of females. Skin patches were the most prevalent skin lesions (67%) at diagnosis, and 22% of the patients had a pure hypopigmented variant. Patients with hypopigmented MF were observed to have younger mean age at diagnosis (27.60 ± 12.42 years) as compared to other MF cases (38.14 ± 14.37 years) (P = 0.000). Ninety‐two percent of the patients had the early stage (IA, IB, and IIA) of disease.Conclusions  Our patients with MF were observed to have a relatively younger age at diagnosis, with a high proportion of patients diagnosed by the age 20 years. Arabs were observed to have a higher annual IR of MF as compared to non‐Arab Asians. Hypopigmented MF is prevalent in our population. The study highlights the ethnic and/or regional variations in the clinicoepidemiological characteristics of MF.
A novel missense mutation in the ectodysplasin‐A (EDA) gene underlies X‐linked recessive nonsyndromic hypodontia
Authors: Ayub Muhammad , Ur‐Rehman Fazal , Yasinzai Masoom , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground  Nonsyndromic hypodontia or congential absence of one or more permanent teeth is a common anomaly of dental development in humans. This condition may be inherited in an autosomal (dominant/recessive) or X‐linked (dominant/recessive) mode. Mutations in three genes, PAX9, MSX1, and AXIN2, have been determined to be associated with autosomal dominant and recessive tooth agenesis. Recent studies in a few families showed that mutations in the ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene result in X‐linked nonsyndromic hypodontia.Methods  Genotyping of a five‐generation Pakistani family with X‐linked isolated hypodontia having three affected men was carried out using EDA‐linked polymorphic microsatellite markers on chromosome Xq12‐q13.1. To screen for a mutation in the EDA gene, all of its coding exons and splice junction sites were PCR amplified from genomic DNA of affected and unaffected individuals of the family and sequenced directly in an ABI Prism 310 automated DNA sequencer.Results  We successfully mapped the affected locus to chromosome Xq12‐q13.1, and found a novel missense mutation (c.993G>C) in the EDA gene in the affected men. The mutation causes substitution of glutamine with histidine (p.Q331H) in the tumor necrosis factor homology domain of EDA.Conclusions  A mutation identified in this study extends the body of evidence implicating the EDA gene in X‐linked nonsyndromic hypodontia and supports the role of EDA‐EDAR‐EDARADD signaling in the morphogenesis of teeth.
Clinical results of skin remodeling using a novel pneumatic technology
Authors: Levenberg Alex , Halachmi Shlomit , Arad‐Cohen Abigail , Ad‐El Dean , Cassuto Daniel , Lapidoth Moshe 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground  A myriad of technologies are available for the treatment of aging skin. These, however, still lack the ability to combine immediate, short‐term and long‐term aesthetic results with no downtime. Furthermore, the treatment of fine wrinkles on large surfaces remains challenging, as does the treatment of delicate regions, such as the dorsal hand, neck, and chest.Objectives  The aims of this study were to evaluate the short‐term as well as the long‐term efficacy and safety of a new skin remodeling device that pneumatically accelerates a jet of hyaluronic acid (HA) solution under high pressure into the dermis.Methods  Thirty‐four participants at three clinical sites underwent treatments with the Airgent device on the face, neck, chest, and dorsal hands for a total of 69 sites. Safety and efficacy were evaluated in short‐term (1–3 months) and long‐term follow‐up (up to 18 months) by photography, by an independent reviewer and by participant self‐evaluation. Histology was assessed before and 4 months after the third treatment.Results  A total of 69 treatment areas were evaluable at 1–3 months follow‐up. Photographic analysis demonstrated improvement in skin variables at all body sites treated. Treatment of the face and neck reduced the mean Fitzpatrick–Goldman Wrinkle Classification score by 39.4 and 30.4%, respectively, representing a full wrinkle class improvement. Treatments of the chest demonstrated significant visual improvement. Treatment of the dorsal hands produced good overall improvement (OI), with good improvement of protruding veins. Overall improvement increased with increasing number of treatments. A total of 56 treatment areas were evaluable for long‐term follow‐up. Treatment of the face and neck reduced the mean Fitzpatrick–Goldman Wrinkle Classification score by 27.6 and 21.2%, respectively. Improvement after treatment of the face represented a full wrinkle class reduction. Treatment of the chest and dorsal hands yielded significant visual improvement. Overall, 80% of subjects were satisfied with the treatment outcome and would recommend the treatment to friends and family. Histological analysis demonstrated increased dermal collagen ΙΙΙ.Conclusions  Pneumatic injection of HA under high pressure provides a safe, well‐tolerated and effective method for improving the appearance of wrinkles on the face, neck, chest, and dorsal hands. Improvement can be seen as early as 1 month and as long as 18 months after treatment.
Macroscopic Anatomy of the Lower Respiratory System in a Nocturnal Burrowing Rodent: African Giant Pouched Rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse 1840)
Authors: Ibe C. S. , Salami S. O. , Onyeanusi B. I. 
Published: November 2010

With 3 figures and 4 tablesSummary Cricetomys gambianus is a rat that lives principally in burrows, coming out at night in search of food. The design and structure of the lower respiratory system reflects its oxygen and metabolic demand which can be attributed to its habitat. A morphological and morphometric investigation of its lower respiratory system was undertaken to document the normal anatomical features and assess its morpho‐functional paradigm. Specifically, an anatomical detail of the lungs and conductive airway was described, the structures being elucidated by dissection and radiography. Evaluation of dissected specimens showed that tracheal cartilages ranged from 21 to 33 rings with an average of 25.5. They exhibited a random pattern of anastomoses between adjacent rings. Transverse diameters of the principal bronchus in the male and female rats were 3.767 and 3.759 mm respectively. The right lung consisted of four lobes while the left lung was not lobed. Bronchogram revealed that lung lobation corresponded with bronchial tree division. Inter‐lobar fissures were absent on the right lung except for the ventral boarder separating the cranial lobe from the caudal lobe. The entire lungs provided stability to the heart in situ, through the cardiac notch. This study also included correlation analysis of the dimensions, weights and volumes of the lower respiratory organs with the nose‐rump length and body weight of 18 African giant pouched rats of both sexes. The relationship of the anatomy of the lower respiratory system of the rodent to the oxygen tension in their burrow and to their energy utilization is discussed.
Treatment of nephrotic idiopathic membranous nephropathy with monthly i.v. pulse cyclophosphamide and oral steroids: A single centre's retrospective study
Authors: YUAN JIANGZI , FANG WEI , ZHANG WEIMING , NI ZHAOHUI , QIAN JIAQI 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTAim:  While the best treatment of nephrosis‐inducing idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is controversial, some trials have suggested positive outcomes following treatment with oral cyclophosphamide used in combination with steroids. However, data on i.v. cyclophosphamide plus steroids in treatment of nephrotic IMN are few.Methods:  The charts of every patient diagnosed with membranous nephropathy in the Renal Division of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, from January 2003 to December 2009 (n = 189) were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with nephrotic IMN (n = 32) were treated with monthly i.v. cyclophosphamide (500–750 mg/m2) and oral prednisone for at least 6 months. Efficacy as well as safety and tolerability of this regimen were evaluated.Result:  Thirty‐two patients with nephrotic IMN (56% male, age 51.5 ± 12.6 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate 73.7 ± 20.0 mL/min per 1.73 m2) were included in our study. During the median follow‐up duration of 30.0 (12.5–42.8) months, 40.6% of patients achieved complete remission, while 40.6% achieved partial remission. Relapse occurred in five patients in a median of 16 (11.5–26) months after cessation of immunosuppressive treatment. No patients developed renal insufficiency during the follow up, while 16 side‐effects were noted in 10 patients. Complete remission rates at 3, 6 and 15 months were 0%, 12.5% and 40.6% and remission rates were 21.9%, 68.8% and 81.2%, respectively. Complement 3 deposition was significantly associated with the probability of non‐remission.Conclusion:  Monthly i.v. pulse cyclophosphamide plus oral steroids may be an alternative treatment option in Chinese patients with nephrotic IMN.
Bilateral vs unilateral laparoscopic intrafascial nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy: evaluation of surgical and functional outcomes in 457 patients
Authors: Greco Francesco , Hoda M. Raschid , Wagner Sigrid , Reichelt Olaf , Inferrera Antonino , Magno Carlo , Fornara Paolo 
Published: November 2010

Study Type – Therapy (case series)Level of Evidence 4 What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Bilateral nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy still represents an issue for urologists as the indications to perform it depend oft from the personal clinical experience. Moreover, until now data concerning bilateral and unilateral laparoscopic nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy have been limited.This study states that bilateral laparoscopic intrafascial nerve‐sparing technique results in superior functional outcomes when compared with unilateral nsLRP and it suggests to prefer a bilateral nerve‐sparing technique in younger patients with low‐risk, organ‐confined prostate cancer.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the surgical and functional outcomes in bilateral and unilateral nerve‐sparing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (nsLRP).PATIENTS AND METHODSBetween January 2005 and May 2009, 457 nsLRP were performed at our clinic.In all, 250 patients underwent a bilateral nsLRP and 207 patients underwent an unilateral nsLRP. One surgeon performed all the operations.All patients presented at biopsy a localized prostate cancer.Demographic data and perioperative and postoperative measurements and outcomes were compared.RESULTSThe operative times for bilateral nsLRP and unilateral nsLRP were 165 ± 45 min and 130 ± 25 min, respectively.The mean intra‐operative blood loss was 450 ± 300 mL and 270 ± 160 mL in the bilateral and unilateral nsLRP groups with a transfusion rate of 3% and 1%, respectively (P= 0.013).Conversion to open surgery was never deemed necessary.Postoperatively, the mean Gleason Score after nsLRP and distribution of tumour stages was similar in the two groups, and the frequency of positive margins in both groups did not present any statistically significant difference.At 12 months, a complete continence was reported in 97% of patients who underwent a bilateral nsLRP and in 88% of patients of the unilateral nsLRP group. At that time, 69% in the bilateral nsLRP and 43% in the unilateral nsLRP groups reported the ability to engage in sexual intercourse.CONCLUSIONThe bilateral laparoscopic intrafascial nerve‐sparing technique results in superior functional outcomes with regard to urinary continence and sexual potency, when compared with unilateral nsLRP, reporting similar oncological outcomes.
Neural coding of formant‐exaggerated speech in the infant brain
Authors: Zhang Yang , Koerner Tess , Miller Sharon , Grice‐Patil Zach , Svec Adam , Akbari David , Tusler Liz , Carney Edward 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSpeech scientists have long proposed that formant exaggeration in infant‐directed speech plays an important role in language acquisition. This event‐related potential (ERP) study investigated neural coding of formant‐exaggerated speech in 6–12‐month‐old infants. Two synthetic /i/ vowels were presented in alternating blocks to test the effects of formant exaggeration. ERP waveform analysis showed significantly enhanced N250 for formant exaggeration, which was more prominent in the right hemisphere than the left. Time‐frequency analysis indicated increased neural synchronization for processing formant‐exaggerated speech in the delta band at frontal‐central‐parietal electrode sites as well as in the theta band at frontal‐central sites. Minimum norm estimates further revealed a bilateral temporal‐parietal‐frontal neural network in the infant brain sensitive to formant exaggeration. Collectively, these results provide the first evidence that formant expansion in infant‐directed speech enhances neural activities for phonetic encoding and language learning.
Differential effects of reasoning and speed training in children
Authors: Mackey Allyson P. , Hill Susanna S. , Stone Susan I. , Bunge Silvia A. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine whether intensive training can ameliorate cognitive skills in children. Children aged 7 to 9 from low socioeconomic backgrounds participated in one of two cognitive training programs for 60 minutes/day and 2 days/week, for a total of 8 weeks. Both training programs consisted of commercially available computerized and non‐computerized games. Reasoning training emphasized planning and relational integration; speed training emphasized rapid visual detection and rapid motor responses. Standard assessments of reasoning ability – the Test of Non‐Verbal Intelligence (TONI‐3) and cognitive speed (Coding B from WISC IV) – were administered to all children before and after training. Neither group was exposed to these standardized tests during training. Children in the reasoning group improved substantially on TONI (Cohen’s d = 1.51), exhibiting an average increase of 10 points in Performance IQ, but did not improve on Coding. By contrast, children in the speed group improved substantially on Coding (d = 1.15), but did not improve on TONI. Counter to widespread belief, these results indicate that both fluid reasoning and processing speed are modifiable by training.