bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three dimensional quantification of mandibular bone remodeling using standard tessellation language registration based superimposition
Authors: Ahmad Rohana , Abu‐Hassan Mohamed I. , Li Qing , Swain Michael V. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate a new method to quantify longitudinal mandibular bone remodeling three‐dimensionally by superimposition of cone beam computed tomography images.Materials and MethodsThis method is used to quantify the treatment effects of implant‐retained overdentures in 20 patients aged 52–79 at recruitment after 1 and 2 years post treatment. Three dimensional models of pre‐ and post‐treatment were reconstructed for each patient and superimposed using Standard Tessellation Language registration method and segmentation.ResultsColor maps of the differences generated by superimposition allow detailed examination and quantification of the progressive dimensional changes of bone in a three‐dimensional manner and enable the visualization of the apical displacement and thinning of the cortical layer of bone underneath the denture base. Most of the remodeling changes took place during the first year with a mean decrease in volume of 3.7% (SD = 4.4%; range = +3.7% to −15.9%, median = −3.7%). This remodeling pattern continued during the second year, but at a reduced rate of 2.5% per year (SD = 4.2%; range = +2.1% to −11.3%, median = −3.9%).ConclusionStandard Tessellation Language registration based superimposition of cone beam computed tomography images may be considered an objective and reproducible method to three‐dimensionally quantify mandibular bone remodeling.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by sodium metabisulfite: a challenging allergen. A case series and literature review
Authors: García‐Gavín Juan , Parente Joana , Goossens An 
Published: August 2012

Background. Sulfites, preservatives and antioxidants used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industry are contact allergens whose relevance seems to be difficult to establish.Objectives. To perform a retrospective study on patients patch tested with a sulfite.Materials and methods. Between 1990 and 2010, 2763 patients were patch tested with sodium metabisulfite. The reactions were considered to be relevant if there was a clear relationship between the dermatitis and sulfite exposure.Results. One hundred and twenty‐four (4.5%) of 2763 patients patch tested positively to sodium metabisulfite. The most frequent localizations of the lesions were the face (40.3%) and the hands (24.2%). Six patients also reported systemic symptoms. Thirteen cases (10.5%) were occupational, 10 of them presenting with hand eczema. Sodium metabisulfite was the single allergen found in 76 cases (61.3%). The reactions were considered to be relevant in 80 cases (64.5%), of which 11 were occupational.Conclusions. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by sulfites is frequent and often relevant. One should be aware of possible relevant sources of exposure, particularly in occupational settings such as hairdressing and the food industry, and in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Patch testing with sodium metabisulfite, which seems to be the best indicator for sulfite contact allergy, is also useful in cases of immediate reactions to sulfite‐containing products.
Early and late studies of EMD use in periodontal intrabony defects
Authors: Mueller V. T. , Welch K. , Bratu D. C. , Wang H‐L. 
Published: August 2012

Background and Objective:  The clinical efficacy of EMDs for the treatment of periodontal infrabony defects has been reported. However, recent publications have questioned the validity of results from early findings. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare the results obtained from early and late studies when EMD was used as an adjunct in treating human intrabony defects during flap surgery. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the validity of results published from early studies compared with those published from later studies.Material and Methods:  PubMed and MEDLINE searches were performed. The evaluation period was 1997–2010 and it was divided into two groups of equal periods of time: early studies (1997–2003) and late studies (2004–2010). The clinical parameters assessed were clinical attachment level (CAL), probing pocket depth and bone gain (BG; measured as a percentage or in mm).Results:  No statistically significant difference was found between the results obtained from early studies (1997–2003) and late studies (2004–2010) with regards to CAL gain, probing pocket depth reduction and BG. Nonetheless, both study periods showed a benefit for using EMD to treat periodontal infrabony defects when compared with the groups without EMD during open flap surgery.Conclusions:  The results obtained from this study failed to show any potential differences between the results published from early studies and late studies with regards to the clinical effectiveness of EMD in treating periodontal infrabony defects.
Mapping of Epitopes Relevant for Induction of Acrosome Reaction on Human Zona Pellucida Glycoprotein‐4 Using Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Xu Wan‐Xiang , Bhandari Beena , He Ya‐Ping , Tang Hai‐Ping , Chaudhary Sanchita , Talwar Pankaj , Gupta Satish K. , Wang Jian 
Published: August 2012

ProblemTo decipher structural and functional aspects of human zona pellucida glycoprotein‐4 (ZP4), the epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been mapped.Method of studyRecombinant human ZP4‐mediated induction of acrosome reaction in human sperm was studied in the absence and presence of ZP4‐specific MAbs. The epitopes of MAbs were mapped using recombinant peptides expressed in Escherichia coli.ResultsMonoclonal antibodies (MA‐1662, MA‐1671) against human ZP4 showed specific binding to ZP matrix of human eggs in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Both the antibodies showed significant (P < 0.05) inhibition in the baculovirus‐expressed recombinant ZP4‐mediated acrosome reaction. MA‐1671 recognized N‐terminal fragment of ZP4 and minimal epitope mapped to amino acid residues 126–130 (PARDR), whereas MA‐1662 reacted to C‐terminal fragment and minimal epitope mapped to amino acid residues 256–260 (ENELV).ConclusionsThe epitopes corresponding to both N‐ and C‐terminal parts of human ZP4 may be relevant for its biological activity.
Mapping the interaction between the cytoplasmic domains of HIV‐1 viral protein U and human CD4 with NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Singh Sameer K. , Möckel Luis , Thiagarajan‐Rosenkranz Pallavi , Wittlich Marc , Willbold Dieter , Koenig Bernd W. 
Published: August 2012

Viral protein U (VpU) of HIV‐1 plays an important role in downregulation of the main HIV‐1 receptor CD4 from the surface of infected cells. Physical binding of VpU to newly synthesized CD4 in the endoplasmic reticulum is an early step in a pathway leading to proteasomal degradation of CD4. In this study, regions in the cytoplasmic domain of VpU involved in CD4 binding were identified by NMR spectroscopy. Amino acids in both helices found in the cytoplasmic region of VpU in membrane‐mimicking detergent micelles experience chemical shift perturbations upon binding to CD4, whereas amino acids between the two helices and at the C‐terminus of VpU show no or only small changes, respectively. The topology of the complex was further studied with paramagnetic relaxation enhancement. Paramagnetic spin labels were attached at three sequence positions of a CD4 peptide comprising the transmembrane and cytosolic domains of the receptor. VpU binds to a membrane‐proximal region in the cytoplasmic domain of CD4.Structured digital abstract

VpU and CD4 bind by nuclear magnetic resonance (View interaction)
A Multivariate Twin Study of Female Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Burri Andrea , Greven Corina , Leupin Myriam , Spector Timothy , Rahman Qazi 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There is little work on the etiology of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), a highly contentious and heterogeneous disorder from classification and clinical perspectives. Clarifying causative mechanisms may enhance current psychiatric nosology.

Aim
To elucidate the structure of genetic and environmental risk factors underlying the major subtypes of FSD.

Methods
Self-report questionnaires and multivariate twin model fitting on a population-based adult twin register (TwinsUK, London) including 1,489 female twins aged 18 to 85, comprising 244 MZ pairs, 189 DZ pairs, and 623 women whose co-twins did not participate.

Main Outcome Measures
Scores on the Female Sexual Function Index–Lifelong and its six dimensions (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain) were subject to univariate and multivariate variance component analysis.

Results
The best-fitting multivariate model was an ACE Cholesky model, in which both additive genetic effects and non-shared environmental effects loaded on four FSD dimensions. There was significant genetic sharing between desire, arousal, lubrication and orgasm, but there was also significant genetic sharing between arousal, lubrication and orgasm independent of desire. These genetic loadings were small to modest effects (7% to 33%). Bivariate heritabilities suggested that a third of the covariance between these dimensions was genetic. Desire shared the least amount of genetic association with lubrication and orgasm. Non-shared environmental effects (which were stronger than genetic effects) were somewhat more dimension-specific.

Conclusions
FSD is not etiologically homogeneous. There are at least two genetic factors to FSD symptomatology, and a tendency for more dimension-specific non-shared environmental factors as a more important indicative of unique factors involved in specific types of sexual problems reported by women. These results emphasize genetic factors as possible organizing principles for an etiologically based classification approach of FSD.
Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) – a review of potential detection and alternative management options
Authors: Benheim D. , Rochfort S. , Robertson E. , Potter I.D. , Powell K.S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe management options for grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, a monophagous insect pest of Vitis species are reviewed. Although in a worldwide context, grape phylloxera is managed predominantly by the use of resistant rootstocks developed through conventional breeding of hybrid crosses of American Vitis species, this management aspect is largely excluded from the review so that emerging technologies in the field of detection, quarantine and alternative management are discussed. In some viticulture regions of the world, where grape phylloxera's geographic distribution is limited (e.g. Australia), the pest is managed through a combination of surveillance, detection and quarantine. Although some alternative management options for grape phylloxera exist they have received relatively limited research attention because of the relative success of resistant rootstocks. The resilience of resistant rootstocks as the primary management option could also be challenged in the future by host‐plant interactions with diverse grape phylloxera clonal lineages and by potential impacts of climate change on both grapevine and grape phylloxera distribution. A range of control options exist which could be integrated into an improved management system for grape phylloxera. Priority areas for future evaluation and further development include early detection techniques, investigation into the use of biological control agents and development of an integrated approach to grapevine phylloxera management.
Deforestation and Reforestation of Latin America and the Caribbean (2001–2010)
Authors: Aide T. Mitchell , Clark Matthew L. , Grau H. Ricardo , López‐Carr David , Levy Marc A. , Redo Daniel , Bonilla‐Moheno Martha , Riner George , Andrade‐Núñez María J. , Muñiz María 
Published: August 2012

AbstractForest cover change directly affects biodiversity, the global carbon budget, and ecosystem function. Within Latin American and the Caribbean region (LAC), many studies have documented extensive deforestation, but there are also many local studies reporting forest recovery. These contrasting dynamics have been largely attributed to demographic and socio‐economic change. For example, local population change due to migration can stimulate forest recovery, while the increasing global demand for food can drive agriculture expansion. However, as no analysis has simultaneously evaluated deforestation and reforestation from the municipal to continental scale, we lack a comprehensive assessment of the spatial distribution of these processes. We overcame this limitation by producing wall‐to‐wall, annual maps of change in woody vegetation and other land‐cover classes between 2001 and 2010 for each of the 16,050 municipalities in LAC, and we used nonparametric Random Forest regression analyses to determine which environmental or population variables best explained the variation in woody vegetation change. Woody vegetation change was dominated by deforestation (−541,835 km2), particularly in the moist forest, dry forest, and savannas/shrublands biomes in South America. Extensive areas also recovered woody vegetation (+362,430 km2), particularly in regions too dry or too steep for modern agriculture. Deforestation in moist forests tended to occur in lowland areas with low population density, but woody cover change was not related to municipality‐scale population change. These results emphasize the importance of quantitating deforestation and reforestation at multiple spatial scales and linking these changes with global drivers such as the global demand for food.
Genome‐wide Transcription Factor Gene Prediction and their Expressional Tissue‐Specificities in MaizeF
Authors: Jiang Yi , Zeng Biao , Zhao Hainan , Zhang Mei , Xie Shaojun , Lai Jinsheng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) are important regulators of gene expression. To better understand TF‐encoding genes in maize (Zea mays L.), a genome‐wide TF prediction was performed using the updated B73 reference genome. A total of 2 298 TF genes were identified, which can be classified into 56 families. The largest family, known as the MYB superfamily, comprises 322 MYB and MYB‐related TF genes. The expression patterns of 2 014 (87.64%) TF genes were examined using RNA‐seq data, which resulted in the identification of a subset of TFs that are specifically expressed in particular tissues (including root, shoot, leaf, ear, tassel and kernel). Similarly, 98 kernel‐specific TF genes were further analyzed, and it was observed that 29 of the kernel‐specific genes were preferentially expressed in the early kernel developmental stage, while 69 of the genes were expressed in the late kernel developmental stage. Identification of these TFs, particularly the tissue‐specific ones, provides important information for the understanding of development and transcriptional regulation of maize.
Application of Cydia pomonella expressed sequence tags: Identification and expression of three general odorant binding proteins in codling moth
Authors: Garczynski Stephen F. , Coates Brad S. , Unruh Thomas R. , Schaeffer Scott , Jiwan Derick , Koepke Tyson , Dhingra Amit 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the most important pests of pome fruits in the world, yet the molecular genetics and the physiology of this insect remain poorly understood. A combined assembly of 8 341 expressed sequence tags was generated from Roche 454 GS‐FLX sequencing of eight tissue‐specific cDNA libraries. Putative chemosensory proteins (12) and odorant binding proteins (OBPs) (18) were annotated, which included three putative general OBP (GOBP), one more than typically reported for other Lepidoptera. To further characterize CpomGOBPs, we cloned cDNA copies of their transcripts and determined their expression patterns in various tissues. Cloning and sequencing of the 698 nt transcript for CpomGOBP1 resulted in the prediction of a 163 amino acid coding region, and subsequent RT‐PCR indicated that the transcripts were mainly expressed in antennae and mouthparts. The 1 289 nt (160 amino acid) CpomGOBP2 and the novel 702 nt (169 amino acid) CpomGOBP3 transcripts are mainly expressed in antennae, mouthparts, and female abdomen tips. These results indicate that next generation sequencing is useful for the identification of novel transcripts of interest, and that codling moth expresses a transcript encoding for a new member of the GOBP subfamily.
Economic Rationale for Interventions to Control Livestock Disease  Logique économique des interventions pour contrôler les maladies du bétail  Wirtschaftliche Gründe für Eingriffe zur Kontrolle von Tierseuchen
Authors: Bennett Richard 
Published: August 2012

summaryEconomic Rationale for Interventions to Control Livestock DiseaseDisease in farm animals has significant economic impacts on livestock production and incurs substantial costs for societies. Impacts affect not only livestock farms and the livestock industries but also sectors outside of farming. Important negative externalities of livestock disease include impacts on the health of other producers’ livestock, on human health, and on animal welfare. Good disease risk management/biosecurity and good animal welfare are public goods. Not taking account of these externality and public good aspects can lead to a misallocation of resources for livestock disease control. In such instances, there may be a strong case for government or other authority to intervene to ensure a better use of resources. There are a number of policy instruments that can be implemented for this purpose. One potential instrument is a Farm Animal Health and Welfare Stewardship Scheme funded under Pillar II of the CAP. A number of countries have public–private partnership cost‐sharing schemes that aim to share appropriately both responsibilities and costs of epidemic livestock disease. There is a strong future agenda for appropriate intervention by governments in the management of livestock disease risks, including responsibility and cost sharing for livestock disease control, within the European Union and elsewhere.
How Can Animal Disease Risks be Better Managed?  Comment mieux gérer les risques en matière de maladie animale?  Wie können Tierseuchenrisiken besser gehandhabt werden?
Authors: Carpenter Tim E. , Rich Karl M. 
Published: August 2012

summaryHow Can Animal Disease Risks be Better Managed?Livestock farming is imbued with a variety of disease‐related risks. The threat of disease, and actions taken (or not taken) to mitigate it, can impact both the broader livestock sector and potentially society at large if the disease is what is termed zoonotic i.e. impacting both animal and human health alike. Understanding the nature of these risks is crucial to improve policymaking and requires multidisciplinary toolkits. In this article we identify various frameworks from economics and epidemiology to analyze the impact of animal disease risks in livestock environments. From this, we examine the policy responses implemented to better manage risk, and conclude by identifying the current gaps in the decision process related to risk and uncertainty, which is a reflection of imperfect knowledge. Recent advances in our modeling frameworks have helped streamline the complex decision space faced by policymakers and improved our understanding of the risks and consequences of mitigation strategies. At the same time, while there has been significant progress in integrating economic and epidemiological tools to analyze risk, more work is required to understand the feedbacks between disease and behaviour taken to control it.
Community Outreach and Engagement to Prepare for Household Recruitment of National Children's Study Participants in a Rural Setting
Authors: Fahrenwald Nancy L. , Wey Betty , Martin Ann , Specker Bonny L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractContext: The National Children's Study (NCS) is a longitudinal study of environmental influences on children's health. Recruitment of a representative birth cohort that will be followed until 21 years of age requires unique approaches across the nationwide study communities.Purpose: To describe community outreach and engagement in preparation for household recruitment of women of childbearing age at a rural‐classified NCS location that includes 4 adjacent Northern Plains counties spanning 2,500 square miles.Methods: Outreach and engagement methods focused on rural community characteristics. The team established an advisory council, conducted outreach meetings with agencies and groups, participated in local events, and collaborated with stakeholders. Study awareness was raised using radio announcements, local television stories, and widespread distribution of print materials through churches, businesses, and child care centers. Impact evaluation examined the number of stakeholder events by type. Outcome evaluation examined the number of households contacted for recruitment, numbers of age‐eligible women who completed the screening, and exploration of whether women had heard about the study.Findings: Over 300 outreach events occurred, ranging from tribal council meetings to parade entries. Recruitment outcomes were as follows: (1) 80% of 14,700 non‐vacant households were reached for potential recruitment; (2) screening interviews were conducted with 89% of the 5,800 age‐eligible women identified; and (3) 53% of women who completed the screening had heard about the study.Conclusions: Outreach targeted to rural communities facilitated strong recruitment outcomes. Collaboration with the cooperative extension service was a unique rural asset that facilitated relevant activities. Participant retention is an ongoing priority.
Rural Relevant Quality Measures for Critical Access Hospitals
Authors: Casey Michelle M. , Moscovice Ira , Klingner Jill , Prasad Shailendra 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPurpose: To identify current and future relevant quality measures for Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs).Methods: Three criteria (patient volume, internal usefulness for quality improvement, and external usefulness for public reporting and payment reform) were used to analyze quality measures for their relevance for CAHs. A 6‐member panel with expertise in rural hospital quality measurement and improvement provided input regarding the final measure selection.Findings: The relevant quality measures for CAHs include measures that are ready for reporting now and measures that need specifications to be finalized and/or a data reporting mechanism to be established. They include inpatient measures for specific medical conditions, global measures that address appropriate care across multiple medical conditions, and Emergency Department measures.Conclusions: All CAHs should publicly report on relevant quality measures. Acceptance of a single consolidated set of quality measures with common specifications for CAHs by all entities involved in regulation, accreditation, and payment; a phased process to implement the relevant measures; and the provision of technical assistance would help CAHs meet the challenge of reporting.