bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosorption of Cr(VI) onto the litter of natural trembling poplar forest
Authors: Dundar Murat , Nuhoglu Cigdem , Nuhoglu and Yasar 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBatch biosorption experiments onto the litter of natural trembling poplar (Populus tremula) forest (LNTPF) were investigated for the biosorption of chromium(VI) ions from aqueous solutions. The influence of different experimental parameters such as initial pH, particle size, agitating speed, initial Cr(VI) concentration (C0), adsorbent concentration (m), and temperature on chromium(VI) ion removal were evaluated. The efficiency of chromium(VI) removal increases with a rise of adsorbent concentration, agitating speed, temperature, and with a fall of solution pH, particle size, and initial Cr(VI) concentration. The optimum biosorption conditions were determined as pH = 2.0, particle size ≤0.15 mm, agitating speed = 300 rpm, C0 = 30 mg L−1, m = 10 g L−1, and T = 45°C. The equilibrium was reached at around 150 min. The biosorption kinetics showed the pseudo‐second‐order model better than the pseudo‐first‐order model. Kinetic studies showed that the biosorption process was an endothermic process. The experimental biosorption data were fitted to the Freundlich biosorption model. The maximum biosorption capacity was found to be 16.97 mg g−1 removed by raw adsorbent. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies combined with FTIR spectroscopy were used to represent the biosorption mechanism. These studies display new remarkable findings. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Adsorption of silver from aqueous solution onto fly ash and phosphogypsum using full factorial design
Authors: Çoruh Semra , Elevli Sermin , Şenel Gaye , Ergun Osman Nuri 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe aim of this research is to analyze the role of experimental factors on the adsorption of silver from an aqueous solution by using 24 factorial design. The experimental factors and their respective levels that were selected include an initial silver concentration of 50–250 mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 1.25–10 g/L, a temperature of 20–60°C, and material types that consist of fly ash and phosphogypsum. The results were statistically analyzed by using the student's t‐test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and an F‐test to define important experimental factors and their levels. A regression model that considers the significant main and interaction effects was suggested. The selected experimental factors were determined to influence the adsorption process but their importance varied according to the sequence: initial concentration (50 mg/L) > waste material type (fly ash) > adsorbent dosage (10 g/L) > temperature (60°C). © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Energy conversion and storage potential of photogalvanic cell based on mixed dyes system: Ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid—Toluidine blue—Thionine
Authors: Lal Chhagan , Gangotri K.M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe photogalvanic effect was studied in a photogalvanic cell containing ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid as reductant, toluidine blue, and thionine as photosensitizers. The photopotential and photocurrent generated were 695.0 mV and 105.0 μA, respectively. The observed conversion efficiency was 0.16%, and the maximum output (power) of the cell was 72.9μW. The photogalvanic cell can be used at this power level for 42.0 min in the dark due to the storage capacity of the cell. The effects of various parameters on electrical output of the cell were observed. The mechanism of the generation of the photocurrent in photogalvanic cells has also been proposed. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Optimization of the fenton oxidation of wastewater generated by rape oil soapstock splitting
Authors: Barbusiński Krzysztof , Fajkis Sławomir 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe study was designed to assess the effective elimination of total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from pretreated wastewater generated by the splitting of rape oil soapstock rich in phospholipids. The wastewater indicated a high‐TP content (108 mg/L) and COD 1488 mg/L. The optimization tests were carried out using a five‐level, four‐variable central composite rotatable design, and the tested variables included initial H2O2 concentration (X1), Fe2+/H2O2
molar ratio (X2), initial temperature (X3), and wastewater pH (X4). TP and COD mathematical models of changes were developed as a function of tested variables based on the test results. Statistical analysis of the resultant models permits the conclusion that all tested variables substantially influence the effective removal of COD, whereas the initial pH of wastewater has no considerable impact on the effective elimination of TP. The optimal conditions of the Fenton process were achieved for X1 = 4.5 g/L, X2 = 0.1, X3 = 30°C, and X4 = 9. It is possible to reduce TP to 1.05 mg/L and COD to 132.1 mg/L under such conditions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
A second‐order time accurate finite element method for quasi‐incompressible viscous flows
Authors: De Sampaio P. A. B. , Gonçalves M. A. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA finite element method for quasi‐incompressible viscous flows is presented. An equation for pressure is derived from a second‐order time accurate Taylor–Galerkin procedure that combines the mass and the momentum conservation laws. At each time step, once the pressure has been determined, the velocity field is computed solving discretized equations obtained from another second‐order time accurate scheme and a least‐squares minimization of spatial momentum residuals. The terms that stabilize the finite element method (controlling wiggles and circumventing the Babuska–Brezzi condition) arise naturally from the process, rather than being introduced a priori in the variational formulation. A comparison between the present second‐order accurate method and our previous first‐order accurate formulation is shown. The method is also demonstrated in the computation of the leaky‐lid driven cavity flow and in the simulation of a crossflow past a circular cylinder. In both cases, good agreement with previously published experimental and computational results has been obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of control‐volume distributed multi‐point flux approximation (CVD‐MPFA) on upscaling—A study using the CVD‐MPFA schemes
Authors: Pal Mayur , Edwards Michael G. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA family of flux‐continuous, locally conservative, finite‐volume schemes has been developed for solving the general geometry‐permeability tensor (petroleum reservoir‐simulation) pressure equation on structured and unstructured grids and are control‐volume distributed (textit Comput. Geo. 1998; 2:259–290; Comput. Geo. 2002; 6:433–452). The schemes are applicable to diagonal and full tensor pressure equation with generally discontinuous coefficients and remove the O(1) errors introduced by standard reservoir‐simulation schemes (two‐point flux approximation) when applied to full tensor flow approximation. The family of flux‐continuous schemes is quantified by a quadrature parameterization (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids 2006; 51:1177–1203). Improved convergence (for two‐ and three‐dimensional formulation) using the quadrature parameterization has been observed for the family of flux‐continuous control‐volume distributed multi‐point flux approximation (CVD‐MPFA) schemes (Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wales, Swansea, U.K., 2007).In this paper family of flux‐continuous (CVD‐MPFA) schemes are used as a part of numerical upscaling procedure for upscaling the fine‐scale grid information (permeability) onto a coarse grid scale. A series of data‐sets (SPE, 2001) are tested where the upscaled permeability tensor is computed on a sequence of grid levels using the same fixed range of quadrature points in each case. The refinement studies presented involve:

Refinement comparison study: In this study, permeability distribution for cells at each grid level is obtained by upscaling directly from the fine‐scale permeability field as in standard simulation practice.
Refinement study with renormalized permeability: In this refinement comparison, the local permeability is upscaled to the next grid level hierarchically, so that permeability values are renormalized to each coarser level. Hence, showing only the effect of increased grid resolution on upscaled permeability, compared with that obtained directly from the fine‐scale solution.
Refinement study with invariant permeability distribution: In this study, a classical mathematical convergence test is performed. The same coarse‐scale underlying permeability map is preserved on all grid levels including the fine‐scale reference solution.
The study is carried out for the discretization of the scheme in physical space. The benefit of using specific quadrature points is demonstrated for upscaling in this study and superconvergence is observed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized finite element solution to handle complex heat and fluid flows in industrial furnaces using the immersed volume method
Authors: Hachem E. , Kloczko T. , Digonnet H. , Coupez T. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWe consider the numerical simulation of conjugate heat transfer, incompressible turbulent flows for multicomponents systems using a stabilized finite element method. We present an immersed volume approach for thermal coupling between fluids and solids for heating high‐alloy steel inside industrial furnaces. It consists in considering a single 3D grid of the furnace and solving one set of equations with different thermal properties. A distance function enables to define precisely the position and the interface of any objects inside the volume and to provide homogeneous physical and thermodynamic properties for each subdomain. An anisotropic mesh adaptation algorithm based on the variations of the distance function is then applied to ensure an accurate capture of the discontinuities that characterize the highly heterogeneous domain. The proposed method demonstrates the capability of the model to simulate an unsteady three‐dimensional heat transfers and turbulent flows in an industrial furnace with the presence of three conducting solid bodies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magneto hydrodynamic buoyant convection of an electrically conducting fluid in a tilted square cavity
Authors: Abishek S. , Katte Subrahmanya S. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractA numerical investigation of steady‐natural convection of an electrically conducting fluid, enclosed in a tilted square cavity, subjected to a uniform magnetic field applied perpendicular to the plane of cavity is presented. A comprehensive understanding of the effects of controlling parameters on the flow and heat transfer is delineated for a wide range of parameters. Correlations for the average Nusselt number are presented specifically for fluids with low Prandtl numbers pertaining to liquid metals. It is made known that when the applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the cavity, the magneto hydrodynamic drag is greatest as compared to any other direction of the applied magnetic field and consequently the suppression of convection is also at its maximum, irrespective of all other controlling parameters. 8 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20326
Heat transfer on a horizontal rotating cylinder near a flat plate in a cross‐flow
Authors: Shimada Ryohachi , Ohba Takamitsu , Adachi Takeshi , Izumi Masaaki 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn experimental study of heat transfer on a horizontal rotating cylinder near a flat plate was performed. The cylinder and plate were set in a cross‐flow. Temperature distribution and coefficients of local heat transfer were measured by a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. Flow visualization was made using smoke. Rotating Reynolds numbers (Rer) and cross‐flow Reynolds numbers (Red) were varied from 0 to 2000. The spaces between cylinder and plate were varied from 1 × 10−3 m to 5 × 10−3 m. The rotating direction of cylinder was changed clockwise or counterclockwise. The following results are obtained: When the space between the rotating cylinder and flat plate is the same as the displacement thickness on the plate, the heat transfer on the cylinder near the plate has the best performance. We have procured the empirical equation of heat transfer from a rotating cylinder near the flat plate in the cross‐flow. 8 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20329
Assessing temperature‐based PET equations under a changing climate in temperate, deciduous forests
Authors: Shaw Stephen B. , Riha Susan J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractDespite the availability of numerous approaches to estimate potential evapotranspiration (PET), temperature‐based PET equations such as the Hamon equation and Thornthwaite equation are still used to predict changes in hydrology in a changing climate as temperature is one of the primary reported outputs from general circulation models. To isolate the actual dependence of PET on temperature, we analysed meteorological and energy balance measurements from five AmeriFlux deciduous forest sites in the eastern United States during periods with minimal soil moisture control on transpiration. For all five sites, when PET measurements with similar net radiation are grouped, temperature does not correlate to PET within each group. Conversely when PET measurements with similar temperature are grouped, net radiation strongly correlates to PET within each group. In terms of assessing standard PET models, when dormant and growing season PET are separated, we found that the Priestley–Taylor equation (a model primarily dependent on net radiation) consistently explained more of the variation in PET than temperature‐based methods such as the Hamon equation (median R2 of 0·88 vs 0·66). We illustrate that the moderate ability of temperature‐based equations to predict PET arises from the correlation between temperature and net radiation when the meteorological observations are averaged over at least several days. However, we suggest that because temperature is not the fundamental driver of PET and because the relationship between temperature and net radiation underlying temperature‐based equations will shift with climate change, temperature‐based equations in their current state will likely exaggerate PET in a changing climate. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
River basin sediment flux assessments
Authors: Delmas M. , Cerdan O. , Cheviron B. , Mouchel J. M. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractSediment load estimations are often limited by the difficulty in finding an adequate calculation method adapted to infrequent sediment concentration data. In this article, classic calculation methods (averaging estimators, ratio estimators and rating curves) are tested using 61 river basin datasets from the French river quality database (infrequent but long‐term datasets). The analyses and results show that averaging methods are inadequate in deriving sediment fluxes from datasets with daily discharge (Q) data and infrequent sediment concentration (C) data. Considering classic power‐rating curves, analyses of C(Q) relations for the 61 datasets show significant differences between seasons, flow variations and in function of the antecedent conditions of flows. The subdivision of datasets is thus essential before performing any C(Q) fitting. Moreover, the C = aQb relation only relates instantaneous C and Q values, disregarding the influence of temporal flow dynamics. Rating curve equations, including the dynamic of discharge time series, are established and tested. One equation and approach is selected: an improved rating curve approach (IRCA), which combines a fitting based on the description of sediment stock dynamics with the flow variation subdivision [between rising limbs (RL) and falling limbs (FL) of the hydrograph]. This method was validated with daily datasets from the US Geological Survey (USGS) database. This rating curve equation can be used to quantify sediment exports from infrequent data, for numerous river basins in temperate areas. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fire‐induced changes in soil water repellency increased fingered flow and runoff rates following the 2004 Huelva wildfire
Authors: Granged Arturo J. P. , Jordán Antonio , Zavala Lorena M. , Bárcenas Gema 
Published: December 2010

AbstractWater repellency (WR) from fire‐affected soils can affect infiltration processes and increase runoff rates. We investigated the effects of fire‐induced changes in soil WR and the related soil hydrological response after one of the largest wildfires in Spain in recent years. The vertical distribution of WR in soil profiles was studied under oak and pine forests and the wetting pattern was analysed after rainfall simulations (85 mm h−1 during 60 min). After burning, the persistence of WR in soils under oaks increased in the upper 0–5 cm of soil in comparison with pre‐fire WR, but no significant changes were observed under pines. After a fire, WR was stronger and the thickness of the water‐repellent layer increased in soils under pines in the upper 0–16 cm of soil. The hydrophobic layer was thinner under oaks, where no strong to extremely water‐repellent samples were observed below 12 (in burnt soils) and 8 cm (in unburnt soils). Uniform wetting was observed through soil depth in burnt and unburnt soils under oaks, as a consequence of the prevailing matrix flux infiltration. Water was mostly stored in the upper few centimetres and soil became rapidly saturated, favouring a continuous rise in the runoff rate during the experiments. Moisture profiles under pines showed a heterogeneous wetting pattern, with highly irregular wetting fronts, as a result of wettable and water‐repellent three‐dimensional soil patches. In this case, runoff rates on burnt plots increased in relation to unburnt plots, but runoff generation reached a steady state after 25–30 min of simulated rainfall at an intensity of 85 mm h−1. Rainfall water infiltrated over a small part of the ponded area, where the vertical pressure of the water column overcame the WR. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray deposited fibronectin retains the ability to promote cell adhesion
Authors: Martyn S. V. , Heywood H. K. , Rockett P. , Paine M. D. , Wang M. J. , Dobson P. J. , Sheard S. J. , Lee D. A. , Stark J. P. W. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractScaffolds for tissue engineering require the correct biochemical cues if the seeded cells are to migrate into the scaffold and proliferate. For complex tissues this would require precise patterning of the scaffold structure with the particular biochemical cue required at each location on the scaffold. Electrospray enables the deposition of a wide number of biomolecules onto surfaces and can be used for precise patterning. We assessed the functionality of a key cell‐adhesion molecule, fibronectin, after depositing it onto a surface using the electrospray technique. The addition of polypropylene glycol allowed a stable spray to be obtained from solutions with a range of fibronectin concentrations. Immunoassay tests showed that the amount of fibronectin retained on the surface was proportional to that sprayed from the solution. Increasing the surface density of fibronectin deposited onto silicon surfaces enhanced fibroblast attachment. The fibronectin thus appears to have retained its cell attachment functionality after undergoing the electrospray process. Since recent advances allow electrospray to pattern material from solution with micrometre accuracy this may allow materials to be biologically functionalized on a similar scale. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
The role of weight stigmatization in cumulative risk for binge eating
Authors: Almeida Liliana , Savoy Sarah , Boxer Paul 
Published: December 2010

AbstractPrevious research supports a positive association between weight stigmatization experiences and binge eating. However, the extent to which weight stigmatization accounts for binge eating in the context of other risk factors requires further investigation. Using a cumulative risk model, we examine previously studied risk factors (environmental stress, psychological functioning, negative coping, body dissatisfaction) as well as weight stigmatization as predictors of binge eating bariatric patients and undergraduate students. Results show a unique contribution of weight stigmatization. Analyses by sample indicated that this was only the case for the undergraduate student sample. Results support weight stigmatization as a meaningful predictor of binge eating and highlight the need for further work investigating how these experiences work to promote eating pathology. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 00:1–15, 2010.
Pervaporative aroma compounds recovery from lemon juice using poly(octyl methyl siloxane) membrane
Authors: Rafia Nesa , Aroujalian Abdolreza , Raisi Ahmadreza 
Published: December 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: In this research, a pervaporation process was used to recover volatile aroma compounds from lemon juice using a poly(octyl methyl siloxane) membrane. The majority of previous studies have been with binary model feed systems, while the results with actual feed mixtures did not always match those with model feeds. In order to successfully optimize the pervaporation process, it is essential to work with actual fruit juice. The influences of various operating parameters such as feed flow rate, feed temperature and permeate pressure on the permeate flux and selectivity were investigated. For this purpose, three compounds that make a significant contribution to lemon juice aroma, namely, α‐pinene, β‐pinene and limonene were studied.RESULTS: It was shown that decreasing the permeate pressure increased both permeation flux and enrichment factor, while an increase in feed temperature increased the water flux more significantly than the aroma compounds flux, resulting in lower enrichment factor. Also, the results indicated that feed flow rate had no significant effect on the performance of the process.CONCLUSION: The membrane used was found to be very selective towards α‐pinene, β‐pinene and limonene. It can be concluded that pervaporation is an attractive technology for the recovery of lemon aroma compounds as it yields good separation and operates under mild conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry