bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming the Twentieth Century
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most of the fundamental technical advances that enabled the great human progress of the twentieth century (falling mortality, rising longevity, higher literacy and incomes, and wider ownership of consumer items) originated during the two singularly innovative generations preceding World War I: our debt to the Age of Synergy is enormous. But these advances were, often admirably, transformed by more efficient and more reliable designs that provided higher quality at lower cost while requiring lower material use: notable examples range from steel production to electricity generation and from marine shipping to intercontinental flight. In addition, the twentieth century saw fundamental technical advances in sectors ranging from energy (global expansion of hydrocarbon industry, generation of nuclear electricity) and food (high-yielding crops, pesticides, herbicides) to mechanization and robotization of industrial production and to the rapid rise of computing and telecommunications based on solid-state electronics.
Energy Conversions
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
All established means of energy production (from coal and oil extraction to electricity generation) saw impressive improvements in capacity (mines, tankers, turbogenerators), productivity (per shift, per well), and efficiency. The century was marked by the transition from coal to oil and gas, by gradual decarbonization of the fuel supply, by mass-scale electrification, and by the introduction of a new way of electricity generation (nuclear fission) and of a new internal combustion engine as gas turbines were deployed first for stationary electricity generation and soon afterward in flight and in shipping. Nuclear generation did not fulfil its early commercial promise, but nuclear weapons present an unprecedented peril to the civilization’s survival.
Rationalized Production
Authors: Smil Vaclav 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
All economic sectors were transformed by mechanization and by optimization of inputs. Food production benefitted from the adoption of field machinery, irrigation, and the applications of fertilizers (above all of nitrogen), pesticides, and herbicides. All kinds of mineral extraction became highly mechanized, as did the mining of coal and production of oil gas (including offshore drilling). The automotive industry led the process of advancing from assembly lines to completely labor-free automatization enabled by specialized and multipurpose robots, and the process accelerated by widespread use of computers and numerical control. Japanese companies led the quest for continuous quality control aimed at minimizing defective products, and industrial processes became geared not just to mass production but to variety and flexibility.
Resolving Leukemia Heterogeneity and Lineage Aberrations with HematoMap
Authors: Dai Yuting , Ouyang Wen , Jin Wen , Zhang Fan , Cheng Wenyan , Li Jianfeng , He Shuo , Zong Junqi , Cao Shijia , Zhou Chenxin , Luo Junchen , Lu Gang , Huang Jinyan , Fang Hai , Sun Xiaojian , Wang Kankan , Chen Saijuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Precise mapping of leukemic cells onto the known hematopoietic hierarchy is important for understanding the cell-of-origin and mechanisms underlying disease initiation and development. However, this task remains challenging because of the high interpatient and intrapatient heterogeneity of leukemia cell clones as well as the differences existed between leukemic and normal hematopoietic cells. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data with a curated clustering approach, we constructed a comprehensive reference hierarchy of normal hematopoiesis. This reference hierarchy was accomplished through multistep clustering and annotating over 100,000 bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from 25 healthy donors. We further employed the cosine distance algorithm to develop a likelihood score, determining the similarities of leukemic cells to their putative normal counterparts. Using our scoring strategies, we mapped the cells of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) samples to their corresponding counterparts. The reference hierarchy also facilitated bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, enabling the development of a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) score model to reveal subtle differences in lineage aberrancy within AML or BCP-ALL patients. To facilitate interpretation and application, we have established an R-based package (HematoMap) that offers a fast, convenient, and user-friendly tool for identifying and visualizing lineage aberrations in leukemia from scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data. Our tool provides curated resources and data analytics for understanding leukemogenesis, with the potential to enhance leukemia risk stratification and personalized treatments. The HematoMap is available at https://github.com/NRCTM-bioinfo/HematoMap.
Ableism After Critical Illness: A Qualitative Translation of Key Concepts to the Post-ICU Context
Authors: Scheunemann Leslie P. , Christensen Janelle C. , Motter Erica M. , Kim S. Peter , Eisenhauer Peter , Gandhi Nimit , Tomko Heather , Potter Kelly M. , Girard Timothy D. , Reynolds Charles F. , Leland Natalie E. 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Ableism—discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities—defines people by their disability and assumes that disabled people require fixing. We sought to characterize ableism after critical illness and to describe its relationship with care delivery.

Design:
A secondary analysis of semi-structured individual interviews (n = 42) and ten group interviews (n = 68 participants) using modified grounded theory. We identified categories of ableism informed by existing disability studies literature and used patterns in the analysis to describe overarching themes.

Setting:
A large healthcare system in western Pennsylvania.

Participants:
Critical illness survivors, family members, clinicians, and administrators.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Two overarching themes emerged: ableism presents multifaceted barriers to participation in meaningful activities after critical illness, and it is endemic. We observed examples of ableism in all interviews. The quotes characterizing ableism fell into six categories: 1) infantilization and patronization; 2) disability leading to inability; 3) denial of disability experience; 4) invasion of privacy and denial of meaningful relationships; 5) being ignored and excluded; and 6) pushing care providers beyond their perceived capacity. When participants expressed ableism toward others, it was typically matter-of-fact; however, when participants described experiencing or witnessing ableism, they expressed feelings ranging from anxiety to outrage. Participants explicitly and implicitly connected expressions of ableism to broader policies and practices, providing evidence that ableism is endemic to this healthcare system.

Conclusions:
Ableism presents multifaceted barriers to participation after critical illness, undermining resilience and wellbeing. We hypothesize that anti-ableist interventions could reduce disability-related barriers to resilience to optimize recovery after critical illness.
Health Care Disparities and Critical Illnesses-Related Mortality in the United States
Authors: Lee Yu-Che , Fadell Francois , Chang Ko-Yun , Baek Jessica , Rahman Muhaimen , Kickel Corrine , El-Solh Ali 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
To examine the association between social vulnerability index (SVI) and social deprivation index (SDI) with critical illness-related mortality in the United States and to guide future research and interventions aimed at reducing disparities in outcomes in patients with critical illness.

Design:
A cross-sectional study using county-level data.

Setting:
United States with data sourced from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research and the American Community Survey.

Patients:
County-level populations of all ages across the United States from 2015 to 2019.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Age-adjusted mortality rates for four categories of critical illnesses (respiratory, cardiac, neurologic, and renal/gastrointestinal) were analyzed against the county-level SVI and SDI. We assessed critical illness-related mortality associated with SVI and SDI through negative binomial regression models. Mortality rates per 100,000 were highest for cardiac (212.4; 95% CI, 212.2–212.6), followed by respiratory (116.8; 95% CI, 116.7–117.0), neurologic (30.8; 95% CI, 30.8–30.9), and renal/gastrointestinal illnesses (25.2; 95% CI, 25.1–25.3). Mortality was greater among adults 65 years old and older, males, Black or African American individuals, and those living in rural areas. Higher SVI and SDI were associated with increased mortality, with the strongest correlation found for cardiac critical illnesses, showing rate ratios of 1.52 (95% CI, 1.48–1.57) for SDI and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.39–1.47) for SVI. Specific diagnoses with the highest incidence rate ratios included sepsis (1.63 [95% CI, 1.58–1.69] for SVI and 1.75 [95% CI, 1.70–1.80] for SDI), cardiac arrest (1.92 [95% CI, 1.80–2.04] for SVI and 1.98 [95% CI, 1.86–2.10] for SDI), anoxic brain damage (1.62 [95% CI, 1.45–1.81] for SVI and 1.60 [95% CI, 1.45–1.76] for SDI), and acute hepatic failure (1.51 [95% CI, 0.92–2.46] for SVI and 1.49 [95% CI, 1.08–2.05] for SDI). The SDI demonstrated a stronger correlation with mortality compared with the SVI, with socioeconomic status, poverty, education, and unemployment being the most impactful indicators.

Conclusions:
Critical illness mortality is significantly associated with indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage. The SDI appears to be a more effective tool than the SVI for guiding resource allocation. Targeted interventions to address social determinants of health, including poverty, education, and unemployment, are essential to reduce disparities and improve outcomes in patients with critical illness. Public health strategies should focus on addressing these social determinants and enhancing support for vulnerable populations and areas.
An Objective Analysis of the Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Anterior Segment Parameters
Authors: Dursun Erdem , Derhem Baki , Karacan İsmet , Oğurel Tevfik 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
To evaluate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on corneal anterior segment parameters compared with body mass index (BMI)-matched and polysomnography (PSG)-negative healthy controls.

Methods:
This cross-sectional case-control study included 42 patients with OSAS and 25 age-sex BMI-matched and PSG-negative healthy volunteers. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was diagnosed by the polysomnographic sleep test, and the control subjects were determined from a negative overnight PSG. Maximum keratometry (Kmax), central corneal thickness, corneal symmetry index (SI), keratoconus vertex (KV), Baiocchi–Calossi–Versaci (BCV), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and anterior chamber depth (ACD) values from topographic measurements and endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation, and hexagonality percentage (Hex) values from specular microscopic measurements were recorded.

Results:
In our study, 48 eyes of 24 patients with mild-moderate OSAS (Group 1) and 36 eyes of 18 patients with severe OSAS (Group 2) and 50 eyes of 25 BMI-matched and PSG-negative volunteers (Group 3) were evaluated. Among the keratoconus index values, front and back KV values were significantly higher in the OSAS group compared with the control group (P=0.001, P:0.003, respectively), while there was no significant difference in SI and BCV values (P>0.05). Central corneal thickness was statistically lower in the severe OSAS group compared with the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between patients with OSAS and controls in Kmax, ACD, ACA, and ACV values. Among the specular microscopic measurements, the ECD value was significantly lower in the severe OSAS group (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
In the study comparing age-sex and BMI-matched groups, some abnormal changes in corneal endothelial morphology and topographic keratoconus screening indices were observed in patients with OSAS. We assume that these corneal changes are due to intermittent hypoxia and hypoxia-induced inflammatory response during apnea–hypopnea episodes in OSAS.
Efficacy of Silicone Gel Versus Placebo for Postsurgical Scars of the Eyelids: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blinded Study
Authors: Karanfilian Troy S. , Thuma Tobin , Cheng Tiffany , Paramo Ricky , Moon Jee-Young , Akella Sruti , Barmettler Anne 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
While silicone has been shown to be effective on scars on the sternum, foot, and other areas with thicker skin, the effect of silicone on scars in the thin periocular skin has not yet been evaluated in a prospective, randomized, and double-blinded fashion.

Methods:
This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study enrolled patients undergoing bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty or bilateral upper eyelid ptosis repair. Subjects were randomized to apply silicone gel to 1 eyelid incision site and placebo (petrolatum ointment) to the other side twice daily postoperatively. Outcome measures were physician-graded scar erythema, elevation, and pigmentation, as well as patient-reported satisfaction, itching, pain, and firmness. These were assessed postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months.

Results:
Of 192 eyelids from 96 patients, there were no significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences in any outcomes between silicone gel and placebo across any measure or time point. Patient satisfaction and blinded doctor and patient appearance preferences did not show any significant difference between the 2 treatments at any time point. Average follow-up was 11 weeks (range: 1–136 weeks).

Discussion:
This clinical trial suggests that topical silicone may not offer significant advantages over petrolatum ointment in improving eyelid scar healing. Overall results indicate similar efficacy between treatments. These results underscore the importance of evidence-based medicine in choosing beneficial and cost-effective interventions.
Digital PCR quantification of hematopoietic chimerism by insertion/deletion: A personalized selection for different chimerism status
Authors: Li Dai-Yang , Xiao Pei-Li , Li Ye-Mo , An Lin , Wang Ning-Juan , Yuan Zhi-Yang , Du Ke-Ming , Zheng Zhong-Zheng 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Clinical decision-making after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is partially based on hematopoietic chimerism analysis. Short tandem repeat (STR), the current gold standard for quantitative chimerism analysis, has limited sensitivity. Digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) combines precise quantification and high reproducibility with excellent sensitivity (usually ≤ 0.1%) in a wide measurement range. However, the reported dPCR-based chimerism detection methods were developed in non-Chinese cohorts and may not be applicable in a Chinese population.

Methods:
To achieve higher sensitivity and accuracy, we first screened out 14 insertions/deletions (indel) loci with high individual recognition rates in Asian populations based on the literature and NCBI. Then, we established a dPCR detection system for routine chimerism assessment (“dPCR-chimerism system”) in the Chinese transplant population. We compared the consistencies between STR and dPCR in patient samples.

Results:
The newly established dPCR-chimerism system has a high coverage (12 pairs of autosomes), a sensitivity of 0.01%, and an excellent linearity of 0.016%-50%. For dual-donor samples, there was a strong correlation between STR and dPCR chimerism detection values (R2 = 0.9974). The R2 of the dPCR results was higher than STR when the theoretical chimerism rate of the single recipient was ≤ 5%. Clinical verification in 44 HSCT patients suggested a close correlation between STR and dPCR on most occasions, (mean difference, 0.68%) and differences between the two techniques in some cases.

Conclusion:
Our new system has great repeatability and sensitivity, especially in detecting micro-chimerism and in dual donor samples. It is expected to show good applicability in Chinese transplant patients. Selecting dPCR/STR testing according to each individual’s chimerism status facilitates sensitive and accurate analysis, effective early treatment interventions, and relapse monitoring in clinical settings.
Air pollution causes abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Jang Tyng-Yuan , Zeng Yu-ting , Liang Po-Cheng , Wu Chih-Da , Wei Yu-Ju , Tsai Pei-Chien , Hsu Po-Yao , Tsai Yi-Shan , Hsieh Ming-Yen , Lin Yi-Hung , Hsieh Meng-Hsuan , Wang Chih-Wen , Yang Jeng-Fu , Yeh Ming-Lun , Huang Chung-Feng , Chuang Wan-Long , Huang Jee-Fu , Batsaikhan Batbold , Dai Chia-Yen , Chen Pau-Chung , Yu Ming-Lung 
Published: February 2025

Background:
To investigate the association between air pollution and abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study enrolled 1,275 patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs from 2019 to 2022 in Kaohsiung and analyzed the incidence and risk factors for abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels. Daily air pollutant concentrations were estimated for the year prior to enrolment.

Results:
Abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels were observed in 1,127 patients (88.4%) before treatment with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs (NAs). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest factor associated with abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels was the level of hepatitis B virus DNA (odds ratio/confidence interval: 1.40/1.25-1.57; p<0.001), followed by concentration of particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (1.05/1.02-1.08; p<0.001) and liver cirrhosis (0.27/0.17-0.42; p<0.001). Among patients without cirrhosis, logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest factors associated with abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels were the level of hepatitis B virus DNA (odds ratio/confidence interval: 1.52/1.28-1.82; p<0.001) and concentration of particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (1.06/1.101-1.11; p=0.01). Among patients with cirrhosis, logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest factor associated with abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels was hepatitis B virus DNA level (odds ratio/confidence interval: 1.28/1.12-1.48; p=0.001).

Conclusion:
Higher concentrations of particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter caused elevated baseline alanine aminotransferase levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving nucleotide/nucleoside analog therapy. The impact of particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter on abnormal alanine aminotransferase levels was particularly pronounced in patients without cirrhosis.
Tranexamic acid impact on platelet adhesion to the endothelium after shock conditions: A protective effect?
Authors: Karadjoff Alison , Liberati David M. , Diebel Lawrence N. 
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION
Trauma and hemorrhagic shock lead to microcirculatory disturbances related to endothelial injury and endothelial glycocalyx (EG) degradation. Improved outcomes following trauma and hemorrhagic shock have been linked to protection of the EG layer, which is a topic of increasing investigation. Early tranexamic acid (TXA) administration following trauma and hemorrhagic shock improves outcomes in clinic studies. Recent translational studies have also shown that early TXA administration protects the EG following shock insults; the impact on blood-endothelial cell interactions is unknown. Platelet adherence to vascular endothelium may contribute to microcirculatory disturbances; the effects of TXA on this phenomenon are uncertain. Microfluidic devices have been used to study the behavior of endothelial cells and platelets under flow conditions. We hypothesize that the protective effect of TXA against EG degradation would prevent shock-induced platelet adhesion to the microvasculature. This was studied in a microfluidic cell culture model under a controlled microenvironment.

METHODS
Microfluidic endothelial cell cultures were exposed to flow conditions under control or hypoxia-epinephrine exposure. Tranexamic acid was added to the perfusate at various times in control and experimental groups. Endothelial glycocalyx thickness, degradation products, and platelet adhesion to the endothelium were measured.

RESULTS
Tranexamic acid protected the glycocalyx from degradation following hypoxia-reoxygenation-epinephrine exposure. Platelet adhesion to the endothelium was significantly reduced by TXA in a time sensitive manner.

CONCLUSION
Tranexamic acid may protect the microvasculature from perfusion abnormalities following shock conditions. This is likely due to inhibition of platelet adhesion and mitigating thromboinflammation at the endothelium in the microvasculature.
Feasibility, Outcomes, and Odds of Same-Day Surgery in Laparoscopic Elective Repair of Type IV Hiatal Hernia with Intrathoracic Stomach
Authors: Erabelli Nikhil , Bui Ethan , Shah Shalin , Hoffman Clarissa , Fritz Connor , Banki Farzaneh 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
To assess the feasibility, outcomes, and odds of same-day surgery (SDS) in the laparoscopic elective primary repair of intrathoracic stomach (ITS). To assess the significance of percentage of intraoperative gastric incarceration in planning SDS.

Methods:
ITS was defined as 100% gastric herniation into the chest on preoperative imaging. The percentage of intraoperative gastric incarceration into the chest was assessed, and patients with partial gastric incarceration were compared to those with 100% incarceration. Planning for SDS started in 2019.

Results:
From 2012 to 2024, there were 1057 hiatal hernia repairs and 190/1057 (18%) primary laparoscopic ITS repairs, 8 procedures in whom percentage of intraoperative gastric incarceration was not documented were excluded, and 182 procedures were included, 127/182 (69.8%) were elective: 58/127 (45.7%) had intraoperative partial gastric incarceration and 69/127 (54.3%) had 100% incarceration. Since planning for SDS started, there were 56 elective repairs. SDS was planned in 36/56 (64.3%) and was performed in 33/36 (91.7%).
Comparing 33/56 (58.9%) procedures performed as SDS to 23/56 (41.1%) not performed as SDS showed comparable sex/age/BMI/ASA. The operative time, 117 min (IQR, 100-144) vs 129 min (IQR, 110-167), p=0.134, emergency department visits: 5/33 (15.2%) vs 3/23 (13.0%), p=1.00 and readmissions: 4/33 (12.1%) vs 1/23 (4.3%), p=0.64. The odds of SDS were comparable for sex, age, BMI, percentage of intraoperative gastric incarceration, and operative time.

Conclusion:
The percentage of gastric herniation on preoperative imaging does not correlate with the percentage of intraoperative gastric incarceration in about half of patients with ITS. SDS is feasible in the majority of laparoscopic elective ITS repairs and can be performed with good outcomes in patients with intraoperative partial or 100% gastric incarceration.