bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue leads to gait changes in spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Montes Jacqueline , Dunaway Sally , Montgomery Megan J. , Sproule Douglas , Kaufmann Petra , De Vivo Darryl C. , Rao Ashwini K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIntroduction: Impaired mobility and fatigue are common in ambulatory spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients. The 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) is a reliable measure of fatigue in SMA patients. To further evaluate fatigue, we used quantitative gait analysis during the 6MWT. Methods: Nine subjects with SMA and 9 age‐ and gender‐matched, healthy controls were evaluated. Gait parameters of speed and dynamic balance were correlated with 6MWT distance. Performance during the first and last 25 meters of the 6MWT was compared. Results: Speed‐related gait parameters and support base correlated with 6MWT distance. Walking performance was worse for SMA patients. The deterioration in stride length during the 6MWT was greater in SMA patients than in controls. Conclusions: Gait analysis detects fatigue, and the decrement in stride length may reflect selective muscle involvement in SMA. Further understanding of the mechanisms underlying fatigue may suggest additional targets for future therapeutic interventions. Muscle Nerve, 2010
Rippling is not always electrically silent in rippling muscle disease
Authors: Maki Takakuni , Matsumoto Riki , Kohara Nobuo , Kondo Takayuki , Son Insuk , Mezaki Takahiro , Nishino Ichizo , Ikeda Akio , Takahashi Ryosuke 
Published: March 2011

AbstractRippling muscle disease (RMD) is a myopathy with hyperirritability, the pathophysiology for which is uncertain.We report electromyographic findings in a 30‐year‐old man with RMD. Clinical features included muscle rippling and percussion‐induced rapid muscle contractions. Both were associated with bursts of short‐duration, low‐amplitude spikes, which resembled single muscle fiber discharges. Our case stands in contrast to previously reported cases, which showed either electrical silence or motor unit potential discharges associated with rippling, and may represent muscle fiber hyperexcitability. Muscle Nerve 43: 601–605, 2011
Exercise and duchenne muscular dystrophy: Toward evidence‐based exercise prescription
Authors: Markert Chad D. , Ambrosio Fabrisia , Call Jarrod A. , Grange Robert W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo develop a rational framework for answering questions about the role of exercise in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), we focused on five pathophysiological mechanisms and offer brief hypotheses regarding how exercise may beneficially modulate pertinent cellular and molecular pathways. We aimed to provide an integrative overview of mechanisms of DMD pathology that may improve or worsen as a result of exercise. We also sought to stimulate discussion of what outcomes/dependent variables most appropriately measure these mechanisms, with the purpose of defining criteria for well‐designed, controlled studies of exercise in DMD. The five mechanisms include pathways that are both intrinsic and extrinsic to the diseased muscle cells. Muscle Nerve 43: 464–478, 2011
Idiopathic Parkinson's disease patients at the urologic clinic
Authors: Ragab Maged M. , Mohammed Ehab S. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAimsTo quantitatively evaluate the urinary symptoms at different stages of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) severity and its relation to urodynamic parameters.MethodsThis study was conducted on 49 patients with probable IPD to quantitatively evaluate their urinary symptoms using International Prostate Symptom Score and urodynamic tests. Four, 10, 29, 5, and 1 cases were classified as stages 1–5, respectively, according to Hoehn and Yahr staging of IPD severity.ResultsThe most prevailing urinary symptom in IPD was nocturia (77.5%) followed by urgency (36.7%) and frequency (32.6%). Urodynamic tests revealed neurogenic detrusor overactivity in 33 patients (67.3%), detrusor underactivity in 6 patients (12.2%), and 10 (20.4%) patients with normal detrusor function. Irritative symptom index score correlated significantly with disease severity as well as the volume at initial desire to void and maximum bladder capacity meanwhile obstructive symptom index score had no significant correlation with any of the urodynamic parameters or disease severity. Total IPSS symptoms score significantly correlated with quality of life score. The mean of urodynamic parameters did not differ in IPD patients who did or did not receive anticholinergic or dopaminergic drugs.ConclusionThe irritative urinary symptoms manifested urodynamically as neurogenic detrusor overactivity are more common in IPD patients than obstructive symptoms. These irritative symptoms deteriorate progressively with the disease severity and significantly affect the quality of life of these patients. The International Prostate Symptom Score is a valuable tool in evaluating the urinary dysfunction in such patients. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1258–1261, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Can the outcome of autoaugmentation omentocystoplasty be improved? urodynamic, histological, and collagen content evaluation in sheep model
Authors: Burgu Berk , Keskin Selcuk , Orhan Diclehan , Ozgencil Eser , Senel Oytun , Aydogdu Ozgu , Dogan Hasan Serkan , Tekgul Serdar 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAimTo compare histological and urodynamic outcome of the classical detrusorotomy with and without the aid of intravesical balloon distension. We also describe a new technique with multiple detrusor incisions instead of detrusorotomy.MethodsA total of 24 animals were included in the study. Three different techniques of autoaugmentation cystoplasty were applied to surgically reduced bladders of 14 sheep. Five sheep underwent surgical reduction of bladder capacity as control group and five sheep underwent sham operation. In Group DIB (detrusor incision with balloon), standard whole thickness incisions on bladder wall were performed and a silicon balloon was inflated intravesically postoperatively. Group DMB (detrusorotomy with balloon) and Group DM (detrusorotomy) underwent standard detrusorotomy. After measuring capacities and compliances, animals were sacrificed on 90th postoperative day. Bladders were histopathologically evaluated. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31, and microvessel density (MVD) was noted. Quantification of collagen subtypes was also performed.ResultsThe mean capacity and compliance for Group DM and control were not significantly different and both were lower than other augmentation groups and sham. In Groups DMB and DM fibrosis was significantly increased. The VEGF expression was lower in Group DIB with respect to other augmentation groups whereas MVD was not significantly different. Measurement of total collagen and collagen subtypes revealed an increase in total collagen of groups DMB and DM when compared to other groups. Quantification of collagen subtypes demonstrated that types I and III were significantly increased in aforementioned groups.ConclusionAutoaugmentation omentocystoplasty in sheep model does not result in a reliable increase in bladder capacity and compliance. Intravesical balloon inflation makes the achievement more pronounced and significantly increases the bladder capacity and compliance. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1371–1375, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cultural Modification of the Dentition in Prehistoric Cambodia
Authors: Domett K. M. , Newton J. , O'Reilly D. J. W. , Tayles N. , Shewan L. , Beavan N. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTIntentional dental modification, in the form of ablation and filing, is reported for the first time from Cambodia in two late prehistoric sites (Phum Snay and Phum Sophy, c. 2500 to 1500 bp). Bioarchaeological research is relatively new for this region, and this study significantly adds to our reconstruction of past behaviours in mainland Southeast Asia. The skeletal samples combine both excavated material and large looted collections in the form of ossuaries. People from Phum Sophy and Phum Snay had similar rates of anterior maxillary dental ablation, 60 and 47%, respectively, and 21.4 and 7.7%, respectively, in the mandible. Patterns of ablation most commonly involve the removal of the maxillary lateral incisors. Intentional filing was less common than ablation but affected Phum Snay and Phum Sophy individuals to a similar level (4–7%). Filing was also restricted to the anterior dentition, and a range of patterns were evident, many involving filing of the mesial and distal aspects of the crown of the upper and lower incisors and canines to give a pointed appearance. Patterns of ablation or filing were not strongly associated with a particular sex or age group. However, a limited number of ablation and filing patterns were exclusive to each site. The significance of this practice in relation to rites of passage, status, community and family relationships, and trauma is discussed. It is also shown that the modifications show distinct differences in prevalence and pattern, particularly that of filing, to nearby temporal neighbours in southern Cambodia and northeast Thailand, suggesting a unique cultural behaviour for this region. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch3 signalling promotes tumour growth in colorectal cancer
Authors: Serafin Valentina , Persano Luca , Moserle Lidia , Esposito Giovanni , Ghisi Margherita , Curtarello Matteo , Bonanno Laura , Masiero Massimo , Ribatti Domenico , Stürzl Michael , Naschberger Elisabeth , Croner Roland S , Jubb Adrian M , Harris Adrian L , Koeppen Hartmut , Amadori Alberto , Indraccolo Stefano 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIncreased Notch1 activity has been observed in intestinal tumours, partially accomplished by β‐catenin‐mediated up‐regulation of the Notch ligand Jagged‐1. Whether further mechanisms of Notch activation exist and other Notch receptors might be involved is unclear. Microarray data indicated that Notch3 transcript levels are significantly up‐regulated in primary and metastatic CRC samples compared to normal mucosa. Moreover, Notch3 protein was expressed at strong/moderate levels by 19.7% of 158 CRC samples analysed, and at weak levels by 51.2% of the samples. Intrigued by these findings, we sought to investigate whether Notch3 modulates oncogenic features of CRC cells. By exploiting xenografts of CRC cells with different tumourigenic properties in mice, we found that the aggressive phenotype was associated with altered expression of components of the Notch pathway, including Notch3, Delta‐like 4 (DLL4), and Jagged‐1 ligands. Stimulation with immobilized recombinant DLL4 or transduction with DLL4‐expressing vectors dramatically increased Notch3 expression in CRC cells, associated with accelerated tumour growth. Forced expression of an active form of Notch3 mirrored the effects of DLL4 stimulation and increased tumour formation. Conversely, attenuation of Notch3 levels by shRNA resulted in perturbation of the cell cycle followed by reduction in cell proliferation, clonogenic capacity, and inhibition of tumour growth. Altogether, these findings indicate that Notch3 can modulate the tumourigenic properties of CRC cells and contributes to sustained Notch activity in DLL4‐expressing tumours. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric analysis of GABAA receptor subtypes and phosphorylations from mouse hippocampus
Authors: Kang Sung Ung , Heo Seok , Lubec Gert 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe brain GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is a key element of signaling and neural transmission in health and disease. Recently, complete sequence analysis of the recombinant GABAAR has been reported, separation and mass spectrometrical (MS) characterisation from tissue, however, has not been published so far. Hippocampi were homogenised, put on a sucrose gradient 10–69% and the layer from 10 to 20% was used for extraction of membrane proteins by a solution of Triton X‐100, 1.5 M aminocaproic acid in the presence of 0.3 M Bis‐Tris. This mixture was subsequently loaded onto blue native PAGE (BN‐PAGE) with subsequent analysis on denaturing gel systems. Spots from the 3‐DE electrophoretic run were stained with Colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue, and spots with an apparent molecular weight between 40 and 60 kDa were picked and in‐gel digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin. The resulting peptides were analysed by nano‐LC‐ESI‐MS/MS (ion trap) and protein identification was carried out using MASCOT searches. In addition, known GABAAR‐specific MS information taken from own previous studies was used for searches of GABAAR subunits. β‐1, β‐2 and β‐3, θ and ρ‐1 subunits were detected and six novel phosphorylation sites were observed and verified by phosphatase treatment. The method used herein enables identification of several GABAAR subunits from mouse hippocampus along with phosphorylations of β‐1 (T227, Y230), β‐2 (Y215, T439) and β‐3 (T282, S406) subunits. The procedure forms the basis for GABAAR studies at the protein chemical rather than at the immunochemical level in health and disease.
Bacterial adaptation to life in association with plants – A proteomic perspective from culture to in situ conditions
Authors: Knief Claudia , Delmotte Nathanaël , Vorholt Julia A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDiverse bacterial taxa that live in association with plants affect plant health and development. This is most evident for those bacteria that undergo a symbiotic association with plants or infect the plants as pathogens. Proteome analyses have contributed significantly toward a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of these associations. They were applied to obtain a general overview of the protein composition of these bacteria, but more so to study effects of plant signaling molecules on the cytosolic proteome composition or metabolic adaptations upon plant colonization. Proteomic analyses are particularly useful for the identification of secreted proteins, which are indispensable to manipulate a host plant. Recent advances in the field of proteome analyses have initiated a new research area, the analysis of more complex microbial communities. Such studies are just at their beginning but hold great potential for the future to elucidate not only the interactions between bacteria and their host plants, but also of bacteria–bacteria interactions between different bacterial taxa when living in association with plants. These include not only the symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria, but also the commensal bacteria that are consistently found in association with plants and whose functions remain currently largely uncovered.
An introduction to counting orbifolds
Authors: Davey J. , Hanany A. , Seong R.‐K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe review three methods of counting abelian orbifolds of the form ℂ3/Γ which are toric Calabi‐Yau (CY). The methods include the use of 3‐tuples to define the action of Γ on ℂ3, the counting of triangular toric diagrams and the construction of hexagonal brane tilings. A formula for the partition function that counts these orbifolds is given. Extensions to higher dimensional orbifolds are briefly discussed.
Pyroelectric performances of relaxor‐based ferroelectric single crystals and related infrared detectors
Authors: Zhao Xiangyong , Wu Xiao , Liu Linhua , Luo Haosu , Neumann Norbert , Yu Ping 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe report in this paper our discovery of remarkably excellent pyroelectric performances in the widely investigated, but still not well understood, relaxor‐based ferroelectric single‐crystalline materials of the solid solution system of Pb(B1, B2)O3 (B1: Mg2+, In3+…, B2: Nb5+, Ta5+…) and PbTiO3, which have already been considered as next‐generation piezoelectric materials with superhigh piezoelectric effect. Values of pyroelectric coefficient as high as 17.2 × 10−4 C/m2 K and of figure of merit for detectivity of 40.2 × 10−5 Pa−1/2 can be produced in the poled crystals specifically in the crystallographic direction along the spontaneous polarization, i.e., the <111> direction in the rhombohedral phase. They show great potential as novel pyroelectric materials for wide applications in infrared (IR) detectors and thermal imagers. Commercialized IR detector prototypes have also been fabricated with the specific detectivity of 1.07 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1, which nearly doubles that of conventional LiTaO3 single‐crystal‐based commercialized IR detectors with similar detection mode. The relations among crystal composition, iron doping, orientation, phase structure, domain configuration, and pyroelectric property, as well as between thermal parameters and dielectric properties will also be presented here. They address the physics behind and the IR‐sensor application using the strong pyroelectric effect of this complicated but promising family of pyroelectric materials. Examples are given for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PMNT) and ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PIMNT) systems.
Preparation of plate‐like potassium sodium niobate particles by hydrothermal method
Authors: Zhang Fan , Bai Shan , Karaki Tomoaki 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPotassium sodium niobate (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) particles with a plate‐like morphology were prepared. First, an unknown potassium sodium niobate hydrate particles with 150‐nm thickness and 1500‐nm width were synthesised by a hydrothermal method. After calcining these particles at 450 °C, plate‐like KNN particles were obtained, which were expected to be used as templates for KNN textured ceramics. It was found that sodium dodecyl‐benzene‐sulfonate (SDBS) acting as surfactant played an important role in controlling the morphology of the particles in the hydrothermal process. The SDBS surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis is feasible for the mass production of plate‐like alkaline niobate template particles.magnified image
Oxalate precursor route for preparing (Bi,Na)0.83Ba0.17TiO3 nanopowder and ceramics
Authors: Lv Junhua , Karaki Tomoaki , Adachi Masatoshi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAn oxalate precursor route was used to synthesize (Bi,Na)0.83Ba0.17TiO3 nanopowders. Perovskite phases developed at 750 °C, and the particles were uniform and well dispersed with a diameter smaller than 100 nm. Using such powders, a dense ceramics with a particular subgrain microstructure was sintered at the low temperature of 1120 °C. This ceramics exhibits excellent electrical properties: the electromechanical coupling factor kp is 18.3%, the dielectric loss tanδ is 2.23%, the depolarization temperature Td is 235 °C, and the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the dielectric constant Tm is 249 °C. Furthermore, the temperature range of the anti‐ferroelectric state decreased.
Electrical characteristics and interfacial reactions of rapidly annealed Pt/Ru Schottky contacts on n‐type GaN
Authors: Reddy N. Nanda Kumar , Reddy V. Rajagopal , Choi C.‐J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe electrical properties and interfacial reactions of Pt/Ru Schottky contacts on n‐type gallium nitride (GaN) have been investigated as a function of annealing temperature. The calculated Schottky barrier height (SBH) of the as‐deposited Pt/Ru Schottky contact is found to be 0.69 eV current–voltage (I–V) and 0.76 eV capacitance–voltage (C–V). Experimental results showed that the SBHs are increased on increasing the annealing temperature. When the contact is annealed at 600 °C, a maximum barrier height is obtained and the corresponding values are 0.87 eV (I–V) and 0.99 eV (C–V). The Norde method was also employed to extract the barrier height of Pt/Ru Schottky contacts and the values are 0.70 and 0.86 eV for the samples as‐deposited and annealed at 600 °C, which are in good agreement with those obtained from the I–V measurement. Shifts of the surface Fermi level are measured with the change in position of the Ga 2p core level peak. Based on the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies, the formation of gallide phases at the Ru/Pt/n‐GaN interface could be the reason for the increase in SBH at elevated temperatures. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that the surface morphology of the Pt/Ru Schottky contact did not change significantly even after annealing at 600 °C. These results point out that a Pt/Ru Schottky contact may be a suitable candidate for the fabrication of GaN‐based high‐temperature device applications.
Investigation of the electric properties of Cu2S single crystals
Authors: Abdullaev G. B. , Aliyarova Z. A. , Zamanova E. H. , Asadov G. A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSingle crystals of p‐Cu2S are obtained with a hole concentration of 7.4 × 1019 cm−3, a mobility of 25 cm2 V−1 S−1, and a thermoelectric power of 90 mV/deg. The electrical conductivity, thermoelectric power and Hall effect are measured between 20 and 600°C. A jump due to structural transformations is observed in the temperature dependence of these parameters at 125 and 480°C. The activation energy is found to have a value of 1.8 eV for the intrinsic range of the conductivity, the value found for the extrinsic range being 0.064 eV.
High‐temperature modifications of the semiconductor compounds CdSnAs2 and CdGeAs2
Authors: Osmanov E. O. , Rud Yu. V. , Stryalkovskii M. E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe results are considered of a comparative investigation of the properties of CdSnAs2 and CdGeAs2 compounds with the usual chalkopyrite‐type structure and with their high temperature modifications. Results are given for the changes which occur in the microhardness, electrical properties, and thermal conductivity as a result of the phase changes. It is found that the electron mobility in CdSnAs2 with the sphalerite‐type structure is less than half that of crystals with the usual structure. The thermal conductivity of vitreous CdGeAs2 (5.5 × 10−3 W/cm.deg) is about an order less than for a single crystal (68.6x × 10−3 W/cm.deg).
Exchange and spin‐orbit coupling in KFeF3
Authors: Fatehally R. , Sastry N. P. , Nagarajan R. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractKFeF3, with perovskite structure. is known to be antiferromagnetic below TN = 115°K. The ferrous ion has some unquenched angular momentum, which plays an important role in magnetic ordering. Using a single ion Hamiltonian which includes spin‐orbit and exchange contributions, it is shown that the sublattice magnetization can only be stabilized in one of two possible directions. The Hamiltonian is treated in a self‐consistent way, and shown to be consistent with Mössbauer spectra below TN, and a value of the exchange constant J is obtained. A consideration of this and previous estimates leads to J/k ≈︁ 7°k.
Minority carriers in zinc sulphide
Authors: Friedrich H. , Sysoev L. A. , Thiessen K. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractPhotovoltage and photoconductivity measurements were made in non‐intentionally doped and Cu diffusion‐doped ZnS crystals grown from melt. under high pressure. The photovoltage measurements allow the excitation of minority carriers to be detected. Whereas in the non‐intentionally doped samples minority carriers are generated only by irradiation in the fundamental lattice absorption range, in Cu‐doped crystals an excitation of holes is observed down to 2.5 eV. The hole lifetimes at fundamental lattice excitation have values of 10−10 to 10−12 s in Cu‐doped samples, in the undoped samples they are greater than 10−10 s. The photovoltage spectra are similar to the excitation spectra of photoluminescence.
Hot electron mobility in polar semiconductors
Authors: Licea I. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe mobility of “warm” and “hot” electrons in polar semiconductors with a non‐parabolic energy band ns that of n‐type InSb is studied theoretically by means of energy and momentum conservation equations. The calculations are carried out assuming only optical polar scattering for the case that the energy and momentum exchange is controlled by interelectronic collisions. A comparison with the parabolic case and a discussion on the validity of the model are made. The accounting of non‐parabolicity for hot electrons implies that the breakdown is not predicted.