bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jeremiah
Authors: Sweeney Marvin A. , Birdsong Shelley 
Published: June 2011

The Book of Jeremiah is the second of the major prophetic books of the Hebrew Bible, although Rabbinic tradition sometimes places it first following Kings and prior to Ezekiel due to its thematic focus on destruction (b. Baba Batra 14b–15a). It presents the words of the prophet, Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, who lived in Jerusalem during the reigns of the Judean kings, Josiah (640–609 bce), Jehoahaz (609 bce), Jehoiakim (609–598 bce), Jehoiachin (597 bce), and Zedekiah (597–587 or 586 bce). Jeremiah was a Levitical priest from Anathoth, who resided in Jerusalem during the last years of the kingdom of Judah. Major events during the period ascribed to Jeremiah include the outset of King Josiah’s reforms (c. 628 bce), the death of Josiah (609 bce), the Babylonian subjugation of Judah (605 bce), Nebuchadnezzar’s first deportation of Jews to Babylon (597 bce), the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem (587–586 bce), and the assassination of Gedaliah (582 bce). Jeremiah interpreted the Babylonian subjugation of Jerusalem in 605 bce and the later destruction of Jerusalem in 587 or 586 bce as acts of punishment by YHWH, the G-d of Israel and Judah, for the people’s alleged failure to observe the divine will. Although the book of Jeremiah is largely concerned with destruction, it also holds out hope for the restoration of Israel and Jerusalem, especially in Jeremiah 30–33. The book appears in two very distinctive forms from antiquity. The Hebrew Masoretic text (MT) is the standard form of Jeremiah in Jewish Bibles, but the Greek Septuagint (LXX) form of the book is approximately one-eighth shorter and displays a very different arrangement of materials (e.g., the oracles concerning the nations in MT Jeremiah 46–51 appear following portions of Jeremiah 25 in the LXX form of the book). The Dead Sea Scrolls likewise include remnants of early Hebrew forms of both of these versions. Scholarly consensus maintains that both versions grew out of a common original text, although the issue is still debated.
First Report of Fruit Rot Disease on Pomelo Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in China
Authors: Luo M. , Dong Z. Y. , Bin S. Y. , Lin J. T. 
Published: June 2011

Pomelo (Citrus grandis) is widely cultivated in MeiZhou Guangdong Province of China. In 2008, a disease on pomelo fruit caused significant economic losses by affecting fruit quality. Diseased fruit was collected in December 2008 from MeiZhou Guangdong, surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 1 min and internal necrotic tissue was transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28°C for 5 days. Three single-spore isolates were obtained from different fruit and identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl. (synonyms Diplodia natalensis Pole-Evans and Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.; teleomorph Botryosphaeria rhodina (Cooke) Arx) on the basis of morphological and physiological features. The fungus produced dark brown colonies (initially grayish) on PDA. Young hyphae were hyaline and aseptate, whereas mature hyphae were septate with irregular branches. Cultures of L. theobromae produced globular or irregular pycnidia abundantly on PDA (pH 3.5) at 28°C after 1 month. Mature conidia of L. theobromae were 20 to 26 × 12 to 15.5 μm, subovoid to ellipsoid-ovoid, initially hyaline and nonseptate, remaining hyaline for a long time, and finally becoming dark brown and one septate with melanin deposits on the inner surface of the wall arranged longitudinally giving a striate appearance to the conidia. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA was amplified from gDNA using primers ITS1 (5′-TCCGATGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) (1). Amplicons were 542 bp long (GenBank Accession No. JF693024) and had 100% nucleotide identity with the corresponding sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU860391) of L. theobromae isolated from a Pinus sp. (2). To satisfy Koch's postulates, six asymptomatic fruit on potted plants were sprayed until runoff with a spore suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml) prepared from 30-day-old cultures of one isolate. Control fruit received water. Plants were covered with sterile wet gauze to maintain high humidity. Fruit spot symptoms similar to those on diseased field fruit appeared after 15 days on all inoculated fruits. L. theobromae was reisolated from all inoculated test fruit. No symptoms were observed on the fruit of control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae causing disease on pomelo fruit in China. This pathogen has also been previously reported to be economically important on a number of other hosts by mostly affecting the leaves. References: (1) J. C. Batzer et al. Mycologia 97:1268, 2005. (2) C. A. Pérez et al. Fungal Divers. 41:53,2010.
Polymorphism identification in the goat KITLG gene and association analysis with litter size
Authors: An X. P. , Hou J. X. , Li G. , Song Y. X. , Wang J. G. , Chen Q. J. , Cui Y. H. , Wang Y. F. , Cao B. Y. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThis study reported the analysis of KIT ligand (KITLG) gene polymorphisms in 681 goats of three breeds: Xinong Saanen (SN), Guanzhong (GZ), and Boer (BG). In addition, the study identified three allelic variants: g.769T>C and g.817G>T in SN and GZ breeds, and g.9760G>C in the three goat breeds. The g.769T>C and g.817G>T loci were closely linked (r2 > 0.33). All the single nucleotide polymorphism loci were in Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium (P < 0.05). Significant associations were found for litter size with all three loci. Therefore, these results suggest that the KITLG gene is a strong candidate gene affecting litter size in goats.
Pravastatin for thioacetamide‐induced hepatic failure and encephalopathy
Authors: Huang Hui‐Chun , Chang Ching‐Chih , Wang Sun‐Sang , Chan Cho‐Yu , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Chuang Chiao‐Lin , Hsin I‐Fan , Teng Tzu‐Hua , Lin Han‐Chieh , Lee Shou‐Dong 
Published: June 2011

Eur J Clin Invest 2011AbstractBackground  Nitric oxide (NO) inhibition aggravates hepatic damage and encephalopathy and increases mortality in rats with thioacetamide (TAA)‐induced acute liver failure. Statins enhance NO production but whether they influence the above parameters are unknown.Material and methods  Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. In the first series, TAA (350 mg/kg per day, i.p. for 3 days) was administered to induce acute liver failure. Control rats received saline. Rats received distilled water or pravastatin (20 mg/kg per day, p.o.) from 2 days before to 3 days after TAA or saline injection. In the second series, liver cirrhosis was induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL). Sham‐operated rats served as controls. Rats received distilled water or pravastatin for 5 or 14 days until the 42nd day after operation. On the last day of treatment, survival, motor activities, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, ammonia and brain histology were evaluated.Results  Thioacetamide and BDL rats showed higher ALT, AST, bilirubin and ammonia levels and lower motor activity counts compared with their corresponding control groups. In TAA rats, pravastatin elicited higher total and ambulatory motor activity counts and lower AST and total bilirubin levels. Survival was improved, whereas brain H&E staining was not significantly different in TAA rats with or without pravastatin treatment. In BDL groups, rats with or without pravastatin treatment were not different in motor activity counts and liver biochemistry.Conclusions  Pravastatin ameliorates hepatic encephalopathy and liver biochemistry and improves survival in rats with acute liver failure, but not in those with cirrhosis.
Intensive care nurses’ perceptions of their professional competence in the organ donor process: a national survey
Authors: Meyer Käthe , Bjørk Ida Torunn , Eide Hilde 
Published: June 2011

meyer k., bjørk i.t. & eide h. (2012) Intensive care nurses’ perceptions of their professional competence in the organ donor process. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 104–115.AbstractAims.  This paper is a report of a study that explored Norwegian intensive care nurses’ perceptions of their professional competence to identify educational needs in the organ donor process.Background.  Intensive care professionals are requested to consider organ donation each time they care for patients with severe cerebral lesion to ensure donor organs for transplantation. The donor process challenges intensive care nurses’ professional competence. Nurses’ knowledge and experience may influence their professional competence in caring for organ donors and their relatives.Methods.  A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in all 28 Norwegian donor hospitals between October 2008 and January 2009. Intensive care nurses (N = 801) were invited to participate and the response rate was 71·4%. Dimensions of professional competence, learning needs and contextual and demographic variables were explored. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings.  Few intensive care nurses had extensive experience of or competence and training in organ donation. Nurses working at university hospitals had more experience, but lesser training than nurses in local hospitals. Experience of donor acquisition had an impact on intensive care nurses’ perceptions of their professional competence in the donor process. Discussions on the ward and educational input were seen as important for the further development of professional competence.Conclusion.  Training provided by experienced colleagues and a culture that encourages discussion about aspects of the donor process can develop nurses’ professional competence and communally defined professional practice. Educational input that cultivates various types of knowledge can be beneficial in organ donation.
A trait‐based analysis of the role of phosphorus vs. nitrogen enrichment in plant species loss across North‐west European grasslands
Authors: Ceulemans Tobias , Merckx Roeland , Hens Maarten , Honnay Olivier 
Published: June 2011

Summary1. Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) enrichment have been identified to drive plant species losses from nutrient‐poor semi‐natural grasslands. The relative contribution of N vs. P to species loss remains unclear, however.2. We investigated how soil N and P availability affect the occurrence of 61 grassland species across North‐western Europe. We selected 132 study sites, located in Great Britain, Belgium and France, along a soil fertility gradient based on variability in atmospheric N deposition and on nutrient input from adjacent agricultural land. To gain insight into the underlying ecological mechanisms of species loss, we examined the role of a suite of plant traits that may mediate a species’ response to increased N or P availability.3. Mixed logistic regression showed that the occurrence of 24 plant species (39·3%) was affected by soil nutrient availability. Of these species, 18 were negatively affected by increased P (29·5%) and five by increased N (8·2%). Regionally declining plant species were absent from both P‐rich and N‐rich grasslands. Higher susceptibility to elevated P was associated with stress tolerance, low maximum canopy height and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizae.4. Synthesis and applications. Although we also identified negative effects on plant diversity through N enrichment, our results strongly suggest that P enrichment is a more important driver of species loss from semi‐natural grasslands. Species in symbiosis with mycorrhizae and with low canopy height are especially at risk. Because detrimental effects of P enrichment are very difficult to mitigate due to the persistence of P in the soil, nature management should give absolute priority to preventing P input in grasslands through fertilization, agricultural run‐off or inundation with P‐polluted surface water. To restore species‐rich grasslands on P‐enriched soils, top soil removal appears crucial and more research regarding alternative removal strategies is essential.
ABCG2 transporter: therapeutic and physiologic implications in veterinary species
Authors: MEALEY K. L. 
Published: June 2011

Mealey, K. L. ABCG2 transporter: therapeutic and physiologic implications in veterinary species. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 35, 105–112.Drug transporters significantly influence drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. While P‐glycoprotein, the product of the MDR1 (ABCB1) gene, is the most well‐characterized ABC transporter, the pharmacological importance of a related transporter, ABCG2, is starting to be realized in veterinary medicine. Based primarily on human and rodent studies, a number of clinically relevant, structurally and functionally unrelated drugs are substrates for ABCG2. ABCG2 is expressed by a variety of normal tissues including the intestines, renal tubular cells, brain and retinal capillary endothelial cells, biliary canalicular cells, and others, where it functions to actively extrude substrate drugs. In this capacity, ABCG2 limits oral absorption of substrate drugs and restricts their distribution to privileged sites such as the brain and retina. ABCG2 is also expressed by tumor cells where it functions to limit the intracellular accumulation of cytotoxic agents, contributing to multidrug resistance. Several ABCG2 polymorphisms have been described in human patients, some of which result in altered drug disposition, increasing susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. Additionally, ABCG2 polymorphisms in humans have been associated with disease states such as gout. Feline ABCG2 has recently been demonstrated to have several amino acid differences at conserved sites compared with 10 other mammalian species. These amino acid differences adversely affect transport function of feline ABCG2 relative to that of human ABCG2. Furthermore, these differences appear to be responsible for fluoroquinolone‐induced retinal toxicity in cats and may play a role in acetaminophen toxicity as well. Studies in rodents and sheep have determined that ABCG2 expressed in mammary tissue is responsible for the secretion of many compounds (both therapeutic and toxic) into milk. Finally, data in rodent models suggest that ABCG2 may play an important role in regulating a number of physiologic pathways involved in protecting erythrocytes from oxidative damage.
Patients' and professionals' experiences and perspectives of obesity in health‐care settings: a synthesis of current research
Authors: Mold Freda , Forbes Angus 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground  Obesity‐related stigma likely influences how obese people interact with health‐care professionals and access health care.Aim  To undertake a synthesis of studies examining the views and experiences of both obese people in relation to their health‐care provision and health‐care professionals in providing care to obese patients.Search strategy  A systematic search of key electronic databases relating to professional or patient experiences of, or perspectives on, obesity was performed in 2008 and updated in 2010. Reference lists of article bibliographies were searched, along with hand searches of relevant journals.Inclusion Criteria  Studies were screened against explicit inclusion criteria and published between 1990 and 2010. Findings were examined and organized thematically.Data Extraction  Data were extracted focusing on obesity, stigma and access to health‐care services. All included studies were subject to critical appraisal to assess the quality of the research.Findings  Thirty studies were identified. All the studies reported obesity impacting on health‐care interactions. Key themes identified were experiences of stigma and feelings of powerlessness, treatment avoidance, psycho‐emotional functioning, professional attitudes, confidence and training, variations in health contact time and finally, differences in treatment options and preventative measures.Conclusion  Obesity is a stigmatized condition that impacts negatively on the relationship between patients and health‐care providers. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity and the range of therapeutic options available, further work is necessary to understand how the presence of obesity affects health‐care interactions and decision making.
One‐step percutaneous transhepatic insertion of a balloon‐expanding metallic stent for obstructive jaundice
Authors: Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Shin Nobuhiro , Komagome Masahiko , Ishida Takashi , Ozawa Fumiaki , Odaka Akio , Hashimoto Daijo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of one‐step percutaneous transhepatic insertion of the Express LD stent, a balloon‐expanding stainless steel stent used for the management of distal artery stenosis in the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by various inoperable malignancies.Methods:  Seventy‐one consecutive patients with unresectable malignant biliary obstruction who underwent Express LD stent placement between 2007 and 2010 at our institute were reviewed.Results:  Mean stent patency was 165 ± 144 days and mean patient survival was 180 ± 156 days, while the cumulative stent patency rate and patient survival rate at 6 and 12 months were 79% and 65%, and 38% and 16%, respectively. Stents were successfully placed in all cases without any stent migration or misplacement. Stent failure occurred in 14 patients (20%), and 16 complications were observed, including 12 cholangitis (17%), two cholecysitis (3%), and two pancreatitis (3%). Y‐configuration stenting for hilar bile duct obstruction was the only independent prognostic factor for stent failure.Conclusions:  One‐step percutaneous transhepatic insertion of the Express LD stent is effective and safe for the management of obstructive jaundice caused by inoperable malignancies.
Serum osteoprotegerin measurement for early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder
Authors: JIANG JIAN‐QING , LIN SHAN , XU PENG‐CHENG , ZHENG ZHEN‐FENG , JIA JUN‐YA 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Chronic kidney disease‐mineral and bone disorder (CKD‐MBD) has been proposed to be the replacement of renal osteodystrophy by the Organization of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes since 2005 because the mineral disorder is not confined to the skeleton in CKD. Accordingly, laboratory and imaging tests have been emphasized for the clinical assessment of patients with CKD besides renal biopsy. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether osteoprotegerin (OPG) could be made a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of CKD‐MBD.Methods:  Sixty pre‐dialysis patients with CKD 1–5 were enrolled in this study. The serum calcium, phosphorus, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, Osteocalcin, Calcitonin, intact parathyroid hormone and OPG were measured. Bone mineral densities of the lumbar spine (L2–L4), femoral neck, Ward's triangle and trochanter were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.Results:  Among all measured serum bone metabolism indexes, the changing of serum OPG level happened at the earliest time (CKD 3) and its correlation coefficient with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was also the highest (r = −0.601, P = 0.001). In the multivariable analysis that included sex, age and eGFR as controlling factors, the serum OPG correlated with the bone mineral density (BMD) of Ward's triangle (r = −0.390, P = 0.041).Conclusion:  Serum OPG may be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of CKD‐MBD.
‘THEY SAY ISLAM HAS A SOLUTION FOR EVERYTHING, SO WHY ARE THERE NO GUIDELINES FOR THIS?’ ETHICAL DILEMMAS ASSOCIATED WITH THE BIRTHS AND DEATHS OF INFANTS WITH FATAL ABNORMALITIES FROM A SMALL SAMPLE OF PAKISTANI MUSLIM COUPLES IN BRITAIN
Authors: SHAW ALISON 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper presents ethical dilemmas concerning the termination of pregnancy, the management of childbirth, and the withdrawal of life‐support from infants in special care, for a small sample of British Pakistani Muslim parents of babies diagnosed with fatal abnormalities. Case studies illustrating these dilemmas are taken from a qualitative study of 66 families of Pakistani origin referred to a genetics clinic in Southern England. The paper shows how parents negotiated between the authoritative knowledge of their doctors, religious experts, and senior family members in response to the ethical dilemmas they faced. There was little knowledge or open discussion of the view that Islam permits the termination of pregnancy for serious or fatal abnormality within 120 days and there was considerable disquiet over the idea of ending a pregnancy. For some parents, whether their newborn baby would draw breath was a main worry, with implications for the baby's Muslim identity and for the recognition of loss the parents would receive from family and community. This concern sometimes conflicted with doctors' concerns to minimize risk to future pregnancies by not performing a Caesarean delivery if a baby is sure to die. The paper also identifies parents' concerns and feelings of wrong‐doing regarding the withdrawal of artificial life‐support from infants with multiple abnormalities. The conclusion considers some of the implications of these observations for the counselling and support of Muslim parents following the pre‐ or neo‐natal diagnosis of fatal abnormalities in their children.
Change in intramuscular inorganic phosphate during multiple sets of blood flow‐restricted low‐intensity exercise
Authors: Sugaya Masato , Yasuda Tomohiro , Suga Tadashi , Okita Koichi , Abe Takashi 
Published: June 2011

SummaryMuscular blood flow reduction (BFR) during multiple sets of low‐intensity exercise training has been shown to elicit muscle hypertrophy and strength gain. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the hypertrophic adaptations to low‐intensity BFR exercise, which include muscle fatigue with metabolic stress. However, the change in intramuscular inorganic phosphate (Pi, an index of muscle fatigue) during multiple sets of low‐intensity exercise with BFR is poorly understood. Eight men performed four sets of unilateral plantar flexion exercise (20% 1‐RM) on a 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Each subject wore a cuff (5‐cm wide) on the most proximal portion of the thigh; the cuff was inflated during the exercise session at three different pressures [0 mmHg as the control ± (CON), 180 mmHg as moderate restriction (BFR‐M) and 230 mmHg as high restriction (BFR‐H)]. During the first and second exercise sets, the increase in Pi was higher (P<0·05) with BFR‐H than with BFR‐M and CON. On the other hand, the decrease in Pi was lower with BFR‐H than with CON during the second and third rest periods between sets. As a result, the Pi concentration increased progressively (P<0·05) with BFR‐H, while the Pi was relatively constant with BFR‐M and CON during the exercise session. Our results suggest that intramuscular Pi accumulation during multiple sets of low‐intensity exercise can be produced only by a high level of BFR, but not by moderate reduction. The Pi accumulation was associated both with exercise and with the rest period between sets.