bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New York State Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialists' Views on Pre–Sinus Lift Referral
Authors: Cote Michael T. , Segelnick Stuart L. , Rastogi Amita , Schoor Robert 
Published: September 2010

Background: Dental implant surgery in the posterior maxilla often involves the maxillary sinuses. Sinus surgery for dental implants is highly successful, but the preoperative risk is difficult to assess because a routine preoperative evaluation does not include an intranasal examination by an otolaryngologist. The purpose of the present study is to obtain the opinions of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists located within New York state in an effort to establish a referral protocol before performing a maxillary sinus elevation. This study assesses the need to consult an ENT specialist for evaluation and treatment recommendations in the pretreatment workup.Methods: A questionnaire and a stamped, return envelope with an identification number was mailed to 302 physicians who maintained a current ENT‐specialty practice or practiced that specialty in a hospital or clinic setting in New York state. The requirement criteria included a valid address and specialty designation. Up to two follow‐up phone calls were made, and another questionnaire was mailed 30 days after the initial mailing. The questionnaire included eight computerized tomography (CT)–scan images that represented different sinus configurations. Answers to the five questions were statistically evaluated and analyzed. A total of 63 recipients returned the questionnaire and were included in the study.Results: A majority of 58.7% (95% confidence interval: 46.9% to 71.1%) of respondents recommended that a maxillary sinus CT scan should be routinely prescribed before a sinus‐lift surgery. Patient symptoms that ENT specialists suggested indicated referral included nose complications/problems (40.1%) and sinus issues (23.6%). Of the eight CT‐scan images, referral suggestions were >50% for the following: an occluded sinus with septum, inflammation at the base of the sinus only, a sinus with a generalized thickened membrane, an oroantral fistula, a thickened sinus membrane in association with teeth that had endodontic and/or periodontic involvement, and a nearly completely occluded sinus that was missing palatal bone. For patients with seasonal allergies, ENT specialists suggested delaying surgery (20.6%) or controlling symptoms before surgery (41.3%). Concerns included a past history of a sinus surgery (87.3%), chronic sinusitis (85.7%), presence of ostium stenosis (68.3%), nasal or sinus obstruction (82.5%), and oroantral fistulation (74.6%).Conclusions: Within the limits of the study, an attempt is made to develop a preoperative protocol, and 63 responses from ENT specialists suggested that the majority (58.7%) would recommend a maxillary CT scan before a sinus‐lift surgery. Their greatest concerns were a prior sinus surgery, severe sinus inflammation, nasal/sinus obstruction, and oroantral fistulation.
Effects of hypercapnia, hypocapnia, and hyperoxemia on brain morphometrics determined by use of T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Rioja Eva , McDonell Wayne N. , Kerr Carolyn L. , Dobson Howard , Konyer Norman B. , Poma Roberto , Chalmers Heather J. , Noseworthy Michael D. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of various combinations of Paco2 and Pao2 values on brain morphometrics.
Animals—6 healthy adult dogs.
Procedures—A modified Latin square design for randomization was used. Dogs were anesthetized with propofol (6 to 8 mg/kg, IV), and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (1.7%) and atracurium (0.2 mg/kg, IV, q 30 min). Three targeted values of Paco2 (20, 40, and 80 mm Hg) and 2 values of Pao2 (100 and 500 mm Hg) were achieved in each dog, yielding 6 combinations during a single magnetic resonance (MR) imaging session. When the endpoints were reached, dogs were given at least 5 minutes for physiologic variables to stabilize before T1-weighted MR images were obtained. Total brain volume (TBV) and lateral ventricular volume (LVV) were calculated from manually drawn contours of areas of interest by use of a software program, with each dog serving as its own control animal. Three blinded investigators subjectively evaluated the lateral ventricular size (LVS) and the cerebral sulci width (CSW). Brain morphometric values were compared among the target blood gas states.
Results—No significant differences in TBV were found among target states. The LVV was significantly greater during hypocapnia, compared with hypercapnia at the same Pao2 value. With regard to the subjective evaluations, there were no significant differences among evaluators or among combinations of Pao2 and Paco2 values.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The changes observed in LVV during hypocapnia and hypercapnia may serve as a potential confounding factor when neuromorphometric evaluations are performed in anesthetized dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1011–1018)
Evaluation of the effect of bolus administration of 50% dextrose solution on measures of electrolyte and energy balance in postpartum dairy cows
Authors: Wagner Sarah A. , Schimek Daniel E. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of IV administration of a bolus of 50% dextrose solution on electrolyte and energy balance and effect of blood collection site on serum electrolyte values in postparturient dairy cows.
Animals—24 clinically normal multiparous cows.
Procedures—A bolus of 50% dextrose solution (0.5 L [n = 8 cows]), 50% dextrose solution (1.0 L [8]), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1.0 L, control treatment [8]) was administered via jugular venipuncture 5 to 10 days after parturition. Pretreatment and posttreatment blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, glucose, insulin, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and nonesterified fatty acids. Coccygeal vessel and jugular vein blood samples were obtained prior to treatment, and electrolyte concentrations were compared.
Results—Treatment with 50% dextrose decreased phosphorus concentration in serum, compared with the control treatment. Suppression of BHBA and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations following dextrose treatment lasted for < 12 hours; mean BHBA concentrations in all groups were increased 24 hours after treatment. Mean serum phosphorus concentration in coccygeal vessel blood samples was 0.67 mg/dL greater than the concentration in jugular vein blood samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Postpartum cows treated with dextrose solution may be at risk for hypophosphatemia, and 1 treatment with 0.5 or 1 L of 50% dextrose solution is unlikely to prevent or resolve acetonemia (ketosis). The risk of hypophosphatemia may be underestimated when coccygeal vessel blood samples are used for diagnosis. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1074–1080)
Radiological changes of the operated and adjacent segments following cervical arthroplasty after a minimum 24-month follow-up: comparison between the Bryan and Prodisc-C devices
Authors: Ryu Kyeong-Sik , Park Chun-Kun , Jun Sung-Chul , Huh Han-Yong 
Published: September 2010

ObjectThe purposes of this retrospective study were to determine the radiological changes at the index and adjacent levels after cervical arthroplasty using the Bryan disc and Prodisc-C disc after a minimum 24 months follow-up, and to demonstrate the possible clinical factors related to these changes.MethodsFollowing single-level cervical arthroplasty using either the Bryan disc or Prodisc-C, the degree of facet degeneration and other radiological changes at the index and adjacent levels were assessed by observing radiographs and CT scans at a minimum 24 months after the operations. These findings were determined in relation to the clinical outcome, various perioperative factors, and prosthesis factors. Thirty-six patients were included in this investigation (19 in the Bryan disc group and 17 in the Prodisc-C group).ResultsAt the index level, progression of facet arthrosis (PFA) was observed in 7 of 36 levels (1 level with the Bryan disc, 6 with the Prodisc-C). At adjacent levels, PFA was minimally observed. Heterotopic ossification (HO) was observed at 19 levels (11 with the Bryan disc, 8 with Prodisc-C). Progression of facet arthrosis at the index segments was positively related to malposition of the prosthesis on the frontal plane, and decreased postoperative functional spinal unit range of motion at the index level. Occurrence of HO was correlated with the preoperative calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at the operated level, regardless of prosthesis type. Clinical outcome and the occurrence of PFA or HO did not show any significant relationship.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the incidence of PFA at the index level is 19.4% after a minimum 24-month follow-up, and occurs more frequently in the Prodisc-C group. Progression of facet arthrosis is related to less functional spinal unit range of motion and anterior placement of the prosthesis. The occurrence rate of HO is high, regardless of the type of prosthesis, and it is significantly correlated with preoperative calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament at the operated level.
Cavernous malformations of the optic pathway and hypothalamus: analysis of 65 cases in the literature
Authors: Liu James K. , Lu Yuan , Raslan Ahmed M. , Gultekin S. Humayun , Delashaw Johnny B. 
Published: September 2010

Object
Cavernous malformations (CMs) of the optic pathway and hypothalamus (OPH) are extremely rare. Patients with these lesions typically present with chiasmal apoplexy, characterized by sudden visual loss, acute headaches, retroorbital pain, and nausea. Surgical removal is the recommended treatment to restore or preserve vision and to eliminate the risk of future hemorrhage. However, the anatomical location and eloquence of nearby neural structures can make these lesions difficult to access and remove. In this study, the authors review the literature for reported cases of OPH CMs to analyze clinical and radiographic presentations as well as surgical approaches and neurological outcomes.

Methods
A MEDLINE/PubMed search was performed, revealing 64 cases of OPH CMs. The authors report an additional case in the study, making a total of 65 cases. Each case was analyzed for clinical presentation, lesion location, radiographic features, treatment method, and visual outcome.

Results
In 65 patients with OPH CMs, the optic chiasm was affected in 54 cases, the optic nerve(s) in 35, the optic tract in 13, and the hypothalamus in 5. Loss of visual field and acuity was the most common presenting symptom (98%), followed by headache (60%). The onset of symptoms was acute in 58% of patients, subacute in 15%, and chronic progressive in 26%. Computed tomography scans revealed hyperdense suprasellar lesions, with calcification visible in 56% of cases. Magnetic resonance imaging typically demonstrated a heterogeneous lesion with mixed signal intensities suggestive of blood of different ages. The lesion was often surrounded by a peripheral rim of hypointensity on T2-weighted images in 60% of cases. Minimal or no enhancement occurred after the administration of gadolinium. Hemorrhage was reported in 82% of cases. Most patients were surgically treated (97%) using gross-total resection (60%), subtotal resection (6%), biopsy procedure alone (6%), biopsy procedure with decompression (23%), and biopsy procedure followed by radiation (2%). Those patients who underwent gross-total resection had the highest rate of visual improvement (85%). Two patients were treated conservatively, resulting in complete blindness in 1 patient and spontaneous recovery of vision in the other patient.

Conclusions
Cavernous malformations of the OPH are rare and challenging lesions. Gross-total resection of these lesions is associated with favorable visual outcomes. Emergent surgery is warranted in patients presenting with chiasmal apoplexy to prevent permanent damage to the visual pathway.
Prognostic factors for the outcome of surgical and conservative treatment of symptomatic spinal cord cavernous malformations: a review of a series of 20 patients
Authors: Steiger Hans-Jakob , Turowski Bernd , Hänggi Daniel 
Published: September 2010

Object
In this study, the authors present a review of a series of 20 intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations (SCCMs) with particular focus on MR imaging and prognostic factors.

Methods
Between 1994 and 2009, 20 patients with SCCM were treated under the care of the senior author. The diagnosis was made in all patients after the onset of clinical symptoms. The age of the 9 men and 11 women ranged between 26 and 71 years (median 38.5 years). The duration of symptoms prior to referral ranged from 1 week to 9 years (median 6.5 months). At the time of referral, 4 patients had no significant neurological deficits, 10 patients suffered significant functional restrictions, and 6 patients presented with severe paraparesis and loss of functional strength. None of the patients had complete paraplegia. Seventeen patients underwent microsurgical removal, while 3 patients opted for conservative therapy. For the present analysis, the medical records and MR images and/or reports were reviewed. Classification of length of history, pretreatment status, MR imaging pattern, and treatment modality was done and correlated with outcome.

Results
The cavernoma was located at the cervical level in 8 patients and between T-1 and L-1 in 12 patients. The cavernoma appeared as mainly T2 hyperintense on MR images in 7 patients, mainly T2 hypointense in 2 patients, and mixed in the remaining 10 patients. The craniocaudal extension of the core varied between 5 and 45 mm. In 2 patients with cervical cavernomas, a distinct T2 signal of the spinal cord cranial and distal to the cavernoma was seen, and in a patient with a large thoracic cavernoma, T2 extinction cranial and caudal to the cavernoma was seen as a sign of hemosiderosis. Neurological deficits improved postoperatively in 12 of the surgically treated patients, remained stable in 2, and deteriorated in 3. The 3 patients who were conservatively treated remained stable over a follow-up of 3–9 years. Postoperative improvement was seen in 5 of 7 surgical patients with a history of symptoms of 2 months or less, 5 of 6 patients with a history of 2–24 months, and in 2 of 4 patients with a history of more than 2 years. Two of the 3 patients with postoperative deterioration had a history of more than 2 years and the third a short history of 1 month.

Conclusions
Although a satisfactory outcome can be achieved through surgical treatment of SCCMs, some patients worsen after surgery or during the postoperative course. Long-term stability is possible in oligosymptomatic conservatively treated patients. The prevalence and pathophysiological importance of segmental spinal cord edema and hemosiderosis is incompletely understood at the present time.
Clinical presentation and surgical management of intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations
Authors: Lu Daniel C. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: September 2010

Object
Intramedullary cavernous malformation (CM) is a rare entity, accounting for 5% of all intraspinal lesions. The objective in this study was to define the clinical characteristics of this disease, detail the surgical approach and technique, and present the clinical outcome.

Methods
Retrospective chart review was performed in 22 patients with histologically confirmed CMs. The authors used a laminectomy approach for midline dorsal lesions, with unilateral radical facetectomy and dentate ligament resection for laterally or ventrally located lesions. Patient profiles, operative indications, surgical approaches, operative findings, complications, and long-term follow-up were reviewed.

Results
The average age of patients in the cohort was 43 ± 14 years, the average duration of symptoms was 7 ± 7 months, and the average follow-up was 6 ± 4 years. The average size of the lesion was 1 ± 0.4 cm, the average surgical time was 4 ± 0.96 hours, and the average estimated blood loss was 350 ± 131 ml. The rate of complication was 5% (1 patient; due to a wound infection). According to the McCormick classification, the score for the cohort was 1.8 ± 1.2 preoperatively, 2.1 ± 1.2 postoperatively, and 1.3 ± 0.65 at late follow-up. (All preceding values are given as the mean ± SD.) There was a significant neurological improvement at follow-up compared with the preoperative state (p < 0.05). The majority of patients (50%) had a stable outcome compared with their preoperative state, with a large proportion (41%) having an improved outcome. A minority of patients (9%) had a worsened outcome due to dysesthetic pain. Patients with dysesthesia had a longer duration of clinical symptoms prior to surgery compared with patients without dysesthesia (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The authors demonstrated the safety, efficacy, and durability of their surgical approach for resection of spinal intramedullary CM. Proper examination, preoperative imaging, and prompt surgical intervention were necessary for a satisfactory outcome.
Radiographic assessment of snap-shunt failure
Authors: Rughani Anand I. , Tranmer Bruce I. , Florman Jeffrey E. , Wilson James T. 
Published: September 2010

Accurate assessment of imaging studies in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts can be aided by empirical findings. The authors characterize an objective measurement easily performed on head CT scans with the goal of producing clear evidence of shunt fracture or disconnection in patients with a snap shunt–type system.
The authors describe 2 cases of ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure involving a fracture and a disconnection associated with a snap-shunt assembly. In both cases the initial clinical symptoms were not convincing for shunt malfunction, and the interpretation of the CT finding failed to immediately identify the abnormality. As the clinical picture became more convincing for shunt malfunction, each patient subsequently underwent successful shunt revision. The authors reviewed the CT scans of 10 patients with an intact and functioning snap-shunt system to characterize the normal appearance of the snap-shunt connection.
On CT scans the distance between the radiopaque portion of the ventricular catheter and the radiopaque portion of the reservoir dome measures an average of 4.72 mm (range 4.6–4.9 mm, 95% CI 4.63–4.81 mm). In the authors' patient with a fractured ventricular catheter, this interval measured 7.8 mm, and in the patient with a disconnection it measured 7.7 mm.
In comparison with the range of normal values, a radiolucent interval significantly greater than 4.9 mm should promptly raise concern for a disconnected or fractured shunt in this system. This measurement may prove particularly useful when serial imaging is not readily available.
Care of pediatric neurosurgical patients in Iraq in 2007: clinical and ethical experience of a field hospital
Authors: Martin Jonathan E. , Teff Richard J. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: September 2010

Object
Care for host-nation pediatric casualties and disease or nonbattle injuries is an essential mission of deployed military medical assets. Clinical experience with pediatric patients at field hospitals has been increasingly reported since 2001, with neurotrauma identified as a major cause of morbidity and death in this population. A concentrated pediatric neurosurgical experience at a deployed medical facility has not been reported. The authors reviewed their experience with pediatric neurosurgical patients at a field hospital in Iraq in 2007 to provide insight into the management of this patient population.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted using a prospective database constructed by the authors for quality improvement during a single combat rotation in 2007.

Results
Forty-two patients among 287 consultations were 17 years of age or younger. Twenty-six of these children were 8 years old or younger. Penetrating head injuries were the most common indication for consultation (22 of 42 patients). Twenty-eight of 130 surgical procedures were performed in the children. One patient died in the perioperative period, for a trauma-related operative mortality rate of 4%. Seven patients received palliative care based on the extent of presenting injuries. Twenty-five patients were discharged with minimal or no neurological deficits.

Conclusions
Pediatric patients represent a significant proportion of the neurosurgical patient volume at field medical hospitals in the Iraqi theater. The mature medical theater environment present in 2007 allowed for remarkable diagnostic evaluation and treatment of these patients. Penetrating and closed craniospinal injuries were the most common indication for consultation. Disease and nonbattle injuries were also encountered, with care provided when deemed appropriate. The deployed environment presents unique medical and ethical challenges to neurosurgeons serving in forward medical facilities.
Basic Biochemical Constituents and Profiles of Amino Acids in the Post Larvae of <i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> Fed with <i>Spirulina</i> and Yeast Enriched <i>Artemia</i>
Authors: Bhavan P. S. , Devi V. G. , Shanti R. , Radhakrishnan S. , Poongodi R. 
Published: September 2010

This study was aimed to assess the growth performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae fed with Spirulina and yeast enriched Artemia for 60 days. The length and body weight in prawns fed with enriched Artemia were increased significantly (P<0.05) However, Spirulina enriched Artemia fed prawns produced better growth than that of the yeast enriched Artemia fed prawns. Spirulina enriched Artemia acquired more level of total protein, amino acids and lipid than yeast enriched Artemia. While, yeast enriched Artemia acquired higher level of total carbohydrate than that of the Spirulina enriched Artemia. The similar trends in the content of biochemical constituents were also recorded in prawns fed with enriched Artemia. The content of essential amino acids, such as phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, isoleucine, tryptophan, methionine, valine, threonine, arginine, histidine and lysine were found to be higher in prawns fed with Spirulina enriched Artemia than that of prawns fed with yeast enriched Artemia. Spirulina has produced better growth in M. rosenbergii than that of yeast. However, yeast as well produced appreciable growth when compared with control. Therefore, both Spirulina and yeast can be taken as supplementary materials in feed management practices. Keywords: Prawn; Artemia; Spirulina; Yeast; Protein; Amino acid; Lipid; Carbohydrate. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.3663 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 539-549 (2010)
Quality of Ground and Surface Water of Rajshahi City Area for Sustainable Drinking Water Source
Authors: Rasul M. T. , Jahan M. S. 
Published: September 2010

An investigation was carried out to assess the water qualities and extents of impurities in groundwater and surface water (Padma river water) in Rajshahi City area. Water samples from a total of 330 tube wells and five spots of the river Padma were analysed for physicochemical, biological and hydrological parameters with standard methods. Among all considered parameters of ground water, concentrations of arsenic, iron, manganese, total hardness, and total coliform and faecal coliform bacteria were found above the permissible limits for potable water. In case of the river Padma, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total coliform, faecal coliform and suspended solids exceeded permissible limits. Both ground and river water must be treated properly before distribution for drinking purpose. Finally, the Padma is recommended as the most sustainable drinking water source for Rajshahi City Corporation area. Keywords: Rajshahi City; Ground water; Surface water; Quality control. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4093 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 579-586 (2010)