bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swarm Urbanism
Authors: Leach Neil 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAs dense human settlements, cities can be regarded as manifestations of emergent behaviour ‐ not unlike like that of a colony of ants or a flock of birds. Neil Leach explores how software programs that display a similar emergent logic to cities might lend themselves to the development of a new computational methodology for modelling urban form. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial Design Economies
Authors: Chiaradia Alain 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe digital revolution has enabled an influx of data that has allowed us to analyse cities in ways that could never previously be anticipated. How, though, might this data be constructively applied in a manner that could shape and improve not only urban patterns, but also people's economic and social prospects? Alain Chiaradia looks at how space syntax spatial analyses might enable spatial design economies in the future, with special reference to London and the Borough of Tower Hamlets in particular. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
iPhone City
Authors: Bratton Benjamin H 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIs the iPhone and a whole new generation of mobiles and PDAs eclipsing the physical city? Whereas once the metropolis alone brought together people, markets, goods, transport and information, the iPhone and similar handheld devices are changing spatial interaction. From Los Angeles, Benjamin H Bratton ruminates on the full impact of this technological shift. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alice Tully Hall, New York
Authors: Merkel Jayne 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis sensuous redesign of a 40‐year‐old concert hall at the Julliard School is the first major project completed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro in their planned remodelling of the entire Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York. Jayne Merkel believes this lively, elegant, personal and welcoming building bodes well for the dozen other public places and performance spaces that the architects will be renovating there over the next few years. It also suggests that the most respectful way to treat historic structures may be to meet them head‐on. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer of occupational health problems from a developed to a developing country: Lessons from the Japan–South Korea experience
Authors: Park Jungsun , Hisanaga Naomi , Kim Yangho 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMany corporations move their manufacturing facilities or technologies from developed to developing countries. Stringent regulations have made it costly for industries to operate in developed, industrialized countries. In addition, labor costs are high in these countries, and there is increasing awareness among the general public of the health risks associated with industry. The relocation of hazardous industries to developing countries is driven by economic considerations: high unemployment, a cheaper labor force, lack of regulation, and poor enforcement of any existing regulations make certain countries attractive to business. The transfer of certain industries from Japan to Korea has also brought both documented occupational diseases and a new occupational disease caused by chemicals without established toxicities. Typical examples of documented occupational diseases are carbon disulfide poisoning in the rayon manufacturing industry, bladder cancer in the benzidine industry, and mesothelioma in the asbestos industry. A new occupational disease due to a chemical without established toxicities is 2‐bromopropane poisoning. These examples suggest that counter‐measures are needed to prevent the transfer of occupational health problems from a developed to a developing country. Corporate social responsibility should be emphasized, close inter‐governmental collaboration is necessary and cooperation among non‐governmental organizations is helpful. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:625–632, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
N‐terminal truncated pyroglutamyl β amyloid peptide Aβpy3‐42 shows a faster aggregation kinetics than the full‐length Aβ1‐42
Authors: D'Arrigo Cristina , Tabaton Massimo , Perico Angelo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWe tested directly the differences in the aggregation kinetics of three important β amyloid peptides, the full‐length Aβ1‐42, and the two N‐terminal truncated and pyroglutamil modified Aβpy3‐42 and Aβpy11‐42 found in different relative concentrations in the brains in normal aging and in Alzheimer disease. By following the circular dichroism signal and the ThT fluorescence of the solution in phosphate buffer, we found substantially faster aggregation kinetics for Aβpy3‐42. This behavior is due to the particular sequence of this peptide, which is also responsible for the specific oligomeric aggregation states, found by TEM, during the fibrillization process, which are very different from those of Aβ1‐42, more prone to fibril formation. In addition, Aβpy3‐42 is found here to have an inhibitory effect on Aβ1‐42 fibrillogenesis, coherently with its known greater infective power. This is an indication of the important role of this peptide in the aggregation process of β‐peptides in Alzheimer disease. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 861–873, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online“ date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Synthesis and assembly of a full‐length human monoclonal antibody in algal chloroplasts
Authors: Tran Miller , Zhou Bin , Pettersson Pär L. , Gonzalez Maria J. , Mayfield Stephen P. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies can be effective therapeutics against a variety of human diseases, but currently marketed antibody‐based drugs are very expensive compared to other therapeutic options. Here, we show that the eukaryotic green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is capable of synthesizing and assembling a full‐length IgG1 human monoclonal antibody (mAb) in transgenic chloroplasts. This antibody, 83K7C, is derived from a human IgG1 directed against anthrax protective antigen 83 (PA83), and has been shown to block the effects of anthrax toxin in animal models. Here we show that 83K7C heavy and light chain proteins expressed in the chloroplast accumulate as soluble proteins that assemble into complexes containing two heavy and two light chain proteins. The algal‐expressed 83K7C binds PA83 in vitro with similar affinity to the mammalian‐expressed 83K7C antibody. In addition, a second human IgG1 and a mouse IgG1 were also expressed and shown to properly assemble in algal chloroplast. These results show that chloroplasts have the ability to fold and assemble full‐length human mAbs, and suggest the potential of algae as a platform for the cost effective production of complex human therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 663–673 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynein‐2 and ciliogenesis in Tetrahymena
Authors: Asai David J. , Rajagopalan Vidyalakshmi , Wilkes David E. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractDynein‐2 is the motor responsible for retrograde intraflagellar transport. In situ, dynein‐2 comprises four subunits: the dynein‐2 heavy chain (DYH2); the dynein‐2 intermediate chain; the dynein‐2 light‐intermediate chain (D2LIC); and dynein light chain 8 (Rompolas et al. 2007. Chlamydomonas FAP133 is a dynein intermediate chain associated with the retrograde intraflagellar transport motor. J Cell Sci 120:3653–3665). In contrast to what has been reported in other model organisms, when the DYH2 gene or the D2LIC gene was disrupted in Tetrahymena, the cells continued to produce motile cilia that were not swollen or filled with material [Rajagopalan et al.2009. Dynein‐2 affects the regulation of ciliary length but is not required for ciliogenesis in Tetrahymena thermophila. Mol Biol Cell 20:708–720]. When compared to wildtype cells, the dynein‐2 mutants were found to have cilia that were at a lower density, shorter, and much more variable in length. One possible explanation for these effects is that the dynein‐2 knockout cells grow cilia too slowly to enable them to achieve normal length and density before the cell divides. In the present study, dynein‐2 knockout cells were deciliated and then allowed to regrow their cilia for 22 hr under conditions in which the cells did not divide. When dynein‐2 was disabled, three effects were observed: (1) a decreased rate of cilia growth; (2) a lower cilia density that did not change over time; and (3) a wide distribution of cilia lengths that increased over time. These results confirm the importance of dynein‐2 in regulating ciliary length in Tetrahymena. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of age and survival in patients with gastroesophageal cancer undergoing surgery with or without preoperative therapy
Authors: Braiteh Fadi , Correa Arlene M. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Rice David C. , Vaporciyan Ara A. , Walsh Garrett L. , Roth Jack A. , Mehran Reza J. , Swisher Stephen G. , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Meticulous selection of patients for esophageal cancer surgery is critical, because major surgical intervention can cause considerable consequences. For this study, the authors explored their institution's large surgical experience to examine the impact of age on long‐term patient survival and surgical complications.METHOD:Six hundred consecutive patients with esophageal cancer who underwent surgery (409 patients received preoperative therapy, and 191 patients underwent surgery first) were analyzed. All demographic information (including American Society of Anesthesiology risk scores) and therapy‐related information was collected retrospectively. Multiple statistical methods were used to assess survival rates and surgical complications and their correlation with patient age. Twenty‐one patients (30‐day mortality) first were excluded (n = 600) and then were included (n = 621) in the analysis.RESULTS:By using the median age (≤60 years) as the cutoff point and creating 2 subgroups (ages 61 years to 70 years and aged >70 years) in patients older than the median age, univariate analysis demonstrated a higher risk of death with increasing age (P = .019). In multivariate analysis, increasing age was an independent prognosticator of poor overall survival (P = .041). The inclusion of 30‐day mortality did not alter the results. Surgical complications were statistically significantly higher in older patients compared with younger patients in the following categories: aspiration pneumonia, adult respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular, neurologic, and miscellaneous complications.CONCLUSIONS:The data in this study demonstrated that patients aged ≤60 years who underwent surgery for esophageal cancer achieved the best overall survival and experienced fewer surgical complications than patients aged >70 years. Age was identified as an important variable in the selection of patients for esophageal cancer surgery. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Computational modelling of endoleak after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Wolters B. J. B. M. , Rutten M. C. M. , Schurink G. W. H. , van de Vosse F. N. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTo better understand the effects of endoleak on the aneurysm intrasac pressure, previously, in a small number of studies, numerical models have been developed for the simulation of endoleak based on coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI). Although such models can provide useful information on the fluid dynamics and structural deformations in aneurysms after endovascular repair (EVAR), they may computationally be too expensive if one is solely interested in the effects of endoleak on the risk of aneurysm rupture. To assess the value of computationally more efficient lumped parameter models in the simulation of endoleak, in the current study, a lumped parameter‐based computational model of an incompletely excluded abdominal aortic aneurysm is developed as well as one based on coupled FSI. Both models are used to study the aneurysm intrasac pressure as a function of the degree of endoleak and the stent‐graft compliance. Based on the agreement of the results of the two models it is concluded that the lumped parameter modelling method provides a useful alternative to coupled FSI for modelling the aneurysm intrasac pressure in the presence of endoleak. The modelled pressure could be used as a boundary condition for solid stress analyses to predict the risk of aneurysm rupture after EVAR. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpretation of urinary concentrations of pseudoephedrine and its metabolite cathine in relation to doping control
Authors: Deventer K. , Van Eenoo P. , Baele G. , Pozo O. J. , Van Thuyne W. , Delbeke F. T. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractUntil the end of 2003 a urinary concentration of pseudoephedrine exceeding 25 µg/mL was regarded as a doping violation by the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Since its removal from the prohibited list in 2004 the number of urine samples in which pseudoephedrine was detected in our laboratory increased substantially. Analysis of 116 in‐competition samples containing pseudoephedrine in 2007 and 2008, revealed that 66% of these samples had a concentration of pseudoephedrine above 25 µg/mL. This corresponded to 1.4% of all tested in competition samples in that period. In the period 2001–2003 only 0.18% of all analysed in competition samples contained more than 25 µg/mL. Statistical comparison of the two periods showed that after the removal of pseudoephedrine from the list its use increased significantly. Of the individual sports compared between the two periods, only cycling is shown to yield a significant increase.Analysis of excretion urine samples after administration of a therapeutic daily dose (240 mg pseudoephedrine) in one administration showed that the threshold of 25 µg/mL can be exceeded. The same samples were also analysed for cathine, which has currently a threshold of 5 µg/mL on the prohibited list. The maximum urinary concentration of cathine also exceeded the threshold for some volunteers. Comparison of the measured cathine and pseudoephedrine concentrations only indicated a poor correlation between them. Hence, cathine is not a good indicator to control pseudopehedrine intake. To control the (ab)use of ephedrines in sports it is recommended that WADA reintroduce a threshold for pseudoephedrine. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chaerophyllum azoricum Trel. grown in the Azores archipelago, Portugal: evaluation of the genetic diversity using molecular markers and comparison with volatile oils profiles
Authors: Mendes Marta D. , Trindade Helena , Figueiredo A. Cristina , Pedro Luis G. , Barroso José G. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractGenetic and chemical differences of nine individuals of Chaerophyllum azoricum were studied to determine whether molecular characters and volatile components could be used as taxonomical markers and to examine the correlation between them. Plant material was analysed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) using 21 and 19 arbitrary primers, respectively, generating 320 RAPD and 310 ISSR markers. The volatiles were isolated from each individual by distillation–extraction and analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Terpinolene (20–67%) was the main component of the volatile fraction isolated from the aerial parts of C. azoricum. Individuals harvested on São Jorge Island also had myristicin (4–23%), γ‐terpinene (5–16%), limonene (3–12%) and α‐zingiberene (2–12%) as the main components, whereas individuals collected on Flores Island had acorenone B (12–17%), myristicin (8–9%) and sabinene (4–9%) as the other dominant components. Separate cluster analyses based on molecular markers and on the chemical composition of the volatile fraction grouped, in both cases, the nine accessions in two main groups but with some subclustering differences. The correlation between the genetic diversity based on molecular marker patterns and the volatile chemical analysis of the present study was significant (Pearson's r < 0.44, p ∼ 0.01). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A monetary real‐time conditional forecast of euro area inflation
Authors: Kaufmann Sylvia , Kugler Peter 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBased on a vector error correction model we produce conditional euro area inflation forecasts. We use real‐time data on M3 and HICP, and include real GPD, the 3‐month EURIBOR and the 10‐year government bond yield as control variables. Real money growth and the term spread enter the system as stationary linear combinations. Missing and outlying values are substituted by model‐based estimates using all available data information. In general, the conditional inflation forecasts are consistent with the European Central Bank's assessment of liquidity conditions for future inflation prospects. The evaluation of inflation forecasts under different monetary scenarios reveals the importance of keeping track of money growth rate in particular at the end of 2005. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpreting sediment delivery processes using suspended sediment‐discharge hysteresis patterns from nested upland catchments, south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Smith Hugh G. , Dragovich Deirdre 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn this study, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and discharge (Q) hysteresis patterns recorded at the outlets of two nested upland catchments in south‐eastern Australia were examined. Detailed monitoring of sediment flux was undertaken in a 1·64 km2 sub‐catchment located within a 53·5 km2 catchment for which sediment yield was measured and the extent of incised channels mapped. The analysis of SSC–Q hysteresis patterns was supplemented by these additional datasets to contribute to the explanation of observed patterns. Clockwise SSC–Q hysteresis loops (with the suspended sediment peak leading the discharge peak) were recorded most frequently at both sites. This was attributed to initial rapid delivery of sediment from channel banks, the dominant sediment source in the sub‐catchment and probably also for the catchment, in conjunction with remobilization of in‐channel fine sediment deposits. Sediment exhaustion effects were considered to enhance clockwise hysteresis, with reduced SSC on the falling limb of event hydrographs. Pronounced exhaustion effects were observed on some multi‐rise events, with subsequent flow peaks associated with much reduced sediment peaks. To compare SSC–Q hysteresis patterns between the two catchments, a dimensionless similarity function (SF) was derived to differentiate paired‐event hysteresis patterns according to the extent of pattern similarity. This analysis, coupled with the other datasets, provided insight into the function of erosion and sediment delivery processes across the spatial scales examined and indicated the dependency of between‐scale suspended sediment transfer on defined flow event scenarios. Quantitative measures of event SSC–Q hysteresis pattern similarity may provide a mechanism for linking the timing and magnitude of process response across spatial scales. This may offer useful insights into the between‐scale linkage of dominant processes and the extent of downstream suspended sediment delivery. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation on the bioactivity of ZnO containing nano‐hydroxyapatite/chitosan cement
Authors: Li Zhang , Yubao Li , Yi Zuo , Lan Wu , Jansen John A. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractA ZnO containing nano‐hydroxyapatite/chitosan (n‐HA/CS) cement was developed and its bone formation ability was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The physico‐chemical properties of the cement were determined in terms of pH variation during and after setting, injectability and wettability. The results indicated that, the pH varied from 7.04 to 7.12 throughout the soaking of the cement in distilled water. The injectability was excellent during the first 4 min, but the cement became less injectable or even not injectable at all after 7 min setting. The static contact angle of the cement against water was 53.5 ± 2.7°. The results of immersion tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) indicated that the cement exhibited excellent bone‐like apatite forming ability. In vivo studies, involving the installation of the cement of tibial‐bone defects in rabbit tibia revealed an inflammatory response around the cement at 3 days of implantation. After 4 weeks, the inflammation began to disappear and the cement had bound to the surrounding host bone. Radiological examination also confirmed that the ZnO containing n‐HA/CS cement significantly induced new bone formation. These results suggest that the ZnO containing n‐HA/CS cement may be beneficial to enhance bone regeneration in osseous defect sites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010
The influence of surface energy on early adherent events of osteoblast on titanium substrates
Authors: Lai Hong‐Chang , Zhuang Long‐Fei , Liu Xin , Wieland Marco , Zhang Zhi‐Yong , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSurface energy of implant material is one of the important factors in the process of osseointegration. How surface energy regulates the signaling pathway of osteoblasts, however, is not well understood. Cell adhesion is one of the first steps essential to subsequent proliferation and differentiation of bone cells before tissue formation. Our present study was designed to investigate how surface energy may influence the early adhesion of human alveolar osteoblasts (AOBs). Substrates applied were two groups of titanium disks: (1) hydrophobic sandblasted and acid‐etched (SLA) surfaces; (2) chemically modified hydrophilic SLA (modSLA) ones. Cell morphology and cell attachment were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Defined cytoskeletal actin organization was immunohistochemically examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RT‐PCR was applied to detect and to compare the expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) of osteoblasts cultured on the two groups of substrates. The attachment rates of AOBs cultured on modSLA substrates were significantly higher than the cells on SLA ones within 3 h. AOBs on modSLA developed more defined actin stress fibers after 6 h of attachment. FAK expression was comparably higher on modSLA after 6 h. Within the limitation of the current study, higher surface energy of titanium surfaces enhanced the cell adhesion in the early stage of cell response and may work through influencing the expression of adhesion‐associated molecules. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2010