bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering of the complementary mutation site in tobacco mosaic virus p126 to develop a stable attenuated mutant for cross-protection
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Huan Xiaoxue , Mu Xiuqi , Zhu Qing , Jiang Shaoyan , Sun Xujie , Tian Yanping , Geng Chao , Li Xiangdong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTobacco mosaic virus (TMV; genus Tobamovirus) is one of the most prevailing pathogens that seriously affects the quality and yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves. Cross-protection using mild strains is a potential strategy for the biological prevention of plant viral diseases. Complementary mutations in attenuated strains may cause attenuated ones to suddenly evolve into virulent strains, which limits the application of cross-protection in practice. To data there has been no study on engineering the complementary mutation sites to generate stable attenuated mutants for cross-protection. In this study, we found that the substitution of the conserved arginine at position 88 (R88) in p126 protein with alanine (A) abolished the cell-to-cell movement and reduced the replication of TMV. However, a spontaneous complementary mutation of serine at position 114 (S114) to lysine (K) in p126 restored TMV virulence. Substitution of S114 with R in p126 restored the systemic infection but not the virulence of TMV, therefore, the mutant TMV-R88A/S114R was an attenuated one. Furthermore, our results showed that TMV-R88A/S114R was a stable attenuated mutant, and could effectively protect tobacco plants against the wild-type TMV infection. This study reports a promising TMV mild mutant for cross-protection in tobacco plants by modifying the complementary mutation site in p126.
Comfort food for Generation Z: a case study in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Fang-Yi 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe Generation Z cohort, born between 1995 and 2010, represents a substantial portion of the global population, experiencing their formative years in an era characterized by pervasive globalization. Comfort foods serve as tangible expressions of both individual and national dietary cultures. This study reveals that the comfort foods of Generation Z also reflect the locality and globalization of dietary habits. Exploring the comfort foods of Generation Z in Taiwan, this research categorizes them into four classifications: main meals, desserts and snacks, beverages, and fruits and vegetables. Among Taiwan’s Generation Z, approximately one-third of their comfort food choices hold specific cultural significance, reflecting the dietary transformations and historical trajectory of Taiwan over the past century. The study also identifies key experiences and recollections associated with Generation Z’s comfort foods, including enhanced mood, ritualistic engagement, and emotional solace; while leisure, hunger, and cravings are contextual factors influencing the consumption of comfort foods.
Intrahepatic bile duct anatomical variation in liver transplant donors and its implication in liver transplantation
Authors: Hassan Mohamed Mohsen Mohamed , Shahat Mona Abd El Rahim El , Botros Kamal Gabra , Rakhawy May Magdy Abd El Ghaffour El , Shiha Usama Abdel Gawad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
For patients with end-stage liver disease, liver transplantation is considered the chief curative option. Radiological imaging has a pivotal role in evaluating both donors and recipients before and after transplantation. So the purpose of our study is to assess anatomical variant of intra-hepatic bile duct variation among liver transplant donors by MRCP and its implication in liver transplantation. Retrospective study was carried out in Mansoura University Hospitals over period from January 2019 till June 2022. Study included 64 liver transplant donors aged from 21 to 46 years old. All subjects underwent MRCP. Analysis of data obtained from images as well as reconstruction was performed to get images of bile ducts with a maximum intensity projection and volume rendering.

Results
Our study included 64 liver transplant donors. Donor mean age was 29.8 ± 2.57 years with range between 20 and 38 years. There were 40 males (62.5%) and 24 females (37.5%). Regarding right posterior hepatic duct drainage based on Huang classification, the type of bile duct variant was classified as follows: The most common variant was type A1 in 50% of the donors followed by type A4 in 20.3% then type A2 and type A3 in 14.1% each. The distance between RPHD insertion and junction between the right and left hepatic ducts (L) owns a surgical importance as it may need modification of surgical technique if L was more than 1 cm. So according to karakas classification, we had to subtype Huang A1 cases into K1 subtype (L > 1 cm) and K2a subtype (L ≤ 1 cm). Our subjects were 20 with K1 subtype (31.25%) and 12 with K2a subtype (18.75%).

Conclusions
Assessment of anatomical variation of right hepatic duct in liver transplant donor by non-invasive method as MRCP had a fundamental role to obtain successful surgical outcome and also to reduce hepatobiliary surgical complications.
IMplementation of the Preterm Birth Surveillance PAthway: a RealisT evaluation (The IMPART Study)
Authors: Carlisle Naomi , Dalkin Sonia , Shennan Andrew H , Sandall Jane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In the UK, 7.6% of babies are born preterm, which the Department of Health aims to decrease to 6% by 2025. To advance this, NHS England released Saving Babies Lives Care Bundle Version 2 Element 5, recommending the Preterm Birth Pathway for women at risk of preterm birth. The success of this new pathway depends on its implementation. The IMPART (IMplementation of the Preterm Birth Surveillance PAthway: a RealisT evaluation) study aimed to research how, why, for whom, to what extent and in what contexts the prediction and prevention aspects of Preterm Birth Surveillance Pathway is implemented through a realist evaluation. Realist implementation studies are growing in popularity.

Methods
Initial programme theories were developed through a realist informed literature scope, interviews with developers of the NHS England guidance, and a national questionnaire of current practice. Implementation theory was utilised in developing the programme theories. Data (interviews and observations with staff and women) were undertaken in 3 case sites in England to ‘test’ the programme theories. Substantive theory was utilised during data analysis to interpret and refine the theories on how implementation could be improved.

Results
Three explanatory areas were developed: risk assessing and referral; the preterm birth surveillance clinic; and women centred care. Explanatory area 1 dealt with the problems in correct risk assessment and referral to a preterm clinic. Explanatory area 2 focused on how once a correct referral has been made to a preterm clinic, knowledgeable and supported clinicians can deliver a well-functioning clinic. Explanatory area 3 concentrated on how the pathway delivers appropriate care to women.

Conclusions
The IMPART study provides several areas where implementation could be improved. These include educating clinicians on knowledge of risk factors and the purpose of the preterm clinic, having a multidisciplinary preterm team (including a preterm midwife) with specialist preterm knowledge and skills (including transvaginal cervical scanning skills), and sites actively working with their local network. This multidisciplinary preterm team are placed to deliver continuity of care for women at high-risk of preterm birth, being attentive to their history but also ensuring they are not defined by their risk status.

Trial registration
ISRCTN57127874.
The association of serum uric acid level with metabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes and their relation to eGFR status
Authors: Argoons S. A. , Mahmoud Esraa Tarek , Madkour Rasha A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The importance of uric acid has been increasingly appreciated because of its association with the development of diabetes mellitus and related diseases, and with the increasing incidence of diabetes, studying the impact of hyperuricemia in patients with diabetes type 2 is necessary. So we aimed to measure serum uric acid (SUA) levels in patients with diabetes type 2 and to assess the relation between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the SUA in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Subjects and methods
This study is a cross-sectional conducted on 142 adult patients who attended the Outpatients Diabetes Clinic and Endocrinology Center in the Department of Internal Medicine, Assiut University Hospitals, in the period from the 1st of November 2021 up to October 2022. We measured serum uric acid level, serum creatinine, cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and eGFR.

Results
Overall, 142 patients were enrolled in the study; all patients had type 2 diabetes. The mean age of the participants was 61.08 ± 9.73 years. Based on SUA level, 46 (32.4%) patients had normal SUA and 96 (67.6%) patients had high SUA. Sixty-nine (48.6%) patients had normal eGFR and 73 (51.4%) patients had reduced eGFR. We found that serum uric acid had a positive significant correlation with the number of metabolic syndrome criteria, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides. Meanwhile, it had a negative significant correlation with eGFR and high-density lipoproteins.

Conclusion
Serum uric acid was strongly associated with metabolic syndrome components and reduced eGFR in patients with T2DM.
Phase I Trial of GD2.CART Cells Augmented With Constitutive Interleukin-7 Receptor for Treatment of High-Grade Pediatric CNS Tumors
Authors: Lin Frank Y. , Stuckert Austin , Tat Candise , White Mark , Ruggieri Lucia , Zhang Huimin , Mehta Birju , Lapteva Natalia , Mei Zhuyong , Major Angela , Thakkar Sachin , Shum Thomas , Parikh Kathan , Wu Meng-Fen , Lindsay Holly B. , Scherer Lauren , Shekar Meghan , Baxter Patricia , Wang Tao , Grilley Bambi , Moeller Karen , Hicks John , Roy Angshumoy , Anastas Jamie , Malbari Fatema , Aldave Guillermo , Chintagumpala Murali , Blaney Susan , Parsons D. Williams , Brenner Malcolm K. , Heslop Helen E. , Rooney Cliona M. , Omer Bilal 
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE T cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CARTs) have demonstrated efficacy for hematologic malignancies; however, benefit for patients with CNS tumors has been limited. To enhance T cell activity against GD2+ CNS malignancies, we modified GD2-directed CART cells (GD2.CARTs) with a constitutively active interleukin (IL)-7 receptor (C7R-GD2.CARTs). METHODS Patients age 1-21 years with H3K27-altered diffuse midline glioma (DMG) or other recurrent GD2-expressing CNS tumors were eligible for this phase I trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04099797 ). All subjects received standard-of-care adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy before study enrollment. The first treatment cohort received GD2.CARTs alone (1 × 107 cells/m2), and subsequent cohorts received C7R-GD2.CARTs at two dose levels (1 × 107 cells/m2; 3 × 107 cells/m2). Standard lymphodepletion with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine was included at all dose levels. RESULTS Eleven patients (age 4-18 years) received therapy without dose-limiting toxicity. The GD2.CART cohort did not experience toxicity, but had disease progression after brief improvement of residual neurologic deficits (≤3 weeks). The C7R-GD2.CART cohort developed grade 1 tumor inflammation–associated neurotoxicity in seven of eight (88%) cases, controllable with anakinra. Cytokine release syndrome was observed in six of eight (75%, grade 1 in all but one patient) and associated with increased circulating IL-6 and IP-10 ( P < .05). Patients receiving C7R-GD2.CARTs experienced temporary improvement from baseline neurologic deficits (range, 2 to >12 months), and seven of eight (88%) remained eligible for additional treatment cycles (range 2-4 cycles). Partial responses by iRANO criteria were observed in two of seven (29%) patients with DMG treated by C7R-GD2.CARTs. CONCLUSION Intravenous GD2.CARTs with and without C7R were well tolerated. Patients treated with C7R-GD2.CARTs exhibited transient improvement of neurologic deficits and increased circulating cytokines/chemokines. Treatment with C7R-GD2.CARTs represents a novel approach warranting further investigation for children with these incurable CNS cancers.
A Rare Case of Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis to Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Tadisina Shourya , Sami Farhan , Mettman Daniel , Ridella Maricel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common thyroid malignancy. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis to the thyroid, albeit the most common carcinomatous metastasis to the thyroid, is rare, and tumor-to-tumor metastasis of RCC to PTC is even rarer. We present a case of a 65-year-old male with a history of RCC who presented with a thyroid nodule 7 years after left radical nephrectomy. Imaging showed the thyroid nodule predating the kidney tumor. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed and showed 2 distinct cell populations, 1 of which was stained with RCC markers and another that was stained positively for thyroid markers. An interpretation of atypia of undetermined significance was rendered and molecular testing was indeterminate with ThyGeNEXT not detecting mutations and ThyraMIR positive for a level 2 microRNA pattern consistent with low risk for malignancy. The patient elected for active surveillance until follow-up thyroid ultrasound showed continued growth. At this point, a right hemithyroidectomy was performed. Pathology confirmed clear cell RCC metastasis to an infiltrative follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma. This case highlights the possibility of tumor-to-tumor metastasis in patients with a previous history of RCC even years after nephrectomy and in the absence of other metastatic lesions.
Navigated Anterior Full-Endoscopic Transcervical Approach Odontoidectomy for Traumatic Posterior Atlantoaxial Dislocation Without Odontoid Fracture
Authors: Abaunza-Camacho Juan Felipe , Gomez-Niebles Sara , Madrinan-Navia Humberto , Daza-Ovalle Alberto , Guevara-Moriones Natalia , Rodríguez Mario Fernando , Torres Mancera Jorge , Peña Camilo , Riveros-Castillo William Mauricio , Saavedra Javier M. 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Complete posterior atlantoaxial dislocation (PAAD) with an unfractured odontoid process is a rare condition where a dislocated but intact odontoid process is positioned ventrally to the anterior arch of C1. This lesion is related to transverse and alar ligament rupture secondary to hyperextension and rotatory traumatic injury and is often associated with neurological deficit. The treatment strategy remains controversial, and in many cases, odontoidectomy is required. Traditional approaches for odontoidectomy (transnasal and transoral) are technically demanding and are related to several complications. This article describes a 360° reduction and stabilization technique through a navigated anterior full-endoscopic transcervical approach (nAFETA) as a novel technique for odontoidectomy and C1-C2 anterior transarticular fixation supplemented with posterior fusion.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 21-year-old man presented to the emergency room by ambulance after a motorcycle accident. On evaluation, incomplete ASIA B spinal cord injury was documented. Imaging revealed a complete PAAD. We performed a two-staged procedure, a nAFETA odontoidectomy plus C1-C2 anterior transarticular fixation followed by posterior C1-C2 wired fusion. At a 2-year follow-up, the patient had a 10-point Oswestry Disability Index score and neurological improvement to ASIA E.

CONCLUSION:
PAAD can be successfully treated through minimally invasive nAFETA. Noteworthy, the risks of the transoral and endonasal routes were avoided through this approach. In addition, nAFETA allows anterior transarticular fixation during the same procedure providing spinal stability. Further studies are required to expand the use of nAFETA in this field.
Sarcomatoid Dedifferentiation as a Predictor of Cancer-Specific Mortality in Surgically Treated Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Incesu Reha-Baris , Morra Simone , Scheipner Lukas , Baudo Andrea , Cano Garcia Cristina , Barletta Francesco , Assad Anis , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Briganti Alberto , Chun Felix K. H. , Carmignani Luca , Ahyai Sascha , Longo Nicola , Tilki Derya , Graefen Markus , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
In contemporary surgically treated patients with localized high-grade (G3 or G4) clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), it is not known whether presence of sarcomatoid dedifferentiation is an independent predictor and/or an effect modifier, when cancer-specific mortality (CSM) represents an endpoint.

Methods
Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, all surgically treated localized high-grade ccRCC patients treated between 2010 and 2020 were identified. Univariable and multivariable Cox-regression models were used.

Results
In 18,853 surgically treated localized high-grade (G3 or G4) ccRCC patients, 5-year CSM-free survival was 87% (62% vs. 88% with vs. without sarcomatoid dedifferentiation, p < 0.001). Presence of sarcomatoid dedifferentiation was an independent predictor of higher CSM (hazard ratio [HR] 1.8, p < 0.001). In univariable survival analyses predicting CSM, presence versus absence of sarcomatoid dedifferentiation in G3 versus G4 yielded the following hazard ratios: HR 1.0 in absent sarcomatoid dedifferentiation in G3; HR 2.7 (p < 0.001) in absent sarcomatoid dedifferentiation in G4; HR 3.9 (p < 0.001) in present sarcomatoid dedifferentiation in G3; HR 5.1 (p < 0.001) in present sarcomatoid dedifferentiation in G4. Finally, in multivariable Cox-regression analyses, the interaction terms defining present versus absent sarcomatoid dedifferentiation in G3 versus G4 represented independent predictors of higher CSM.

Conclusions
In contemporary surgically treated patients with localized high-grade ccRCC, sarcomatoid dedifferentiation is not only an independent multivariable predictor of higher CSM, but also interacts with tumor grade and results in even better ability to predict CSM.
Understanding Patient Experiences to Inform Future Studies to Optimize Personalization of Treatment for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: McIntosh Stuart A. , Mactier Mhairi , Fairhurst Katherine , Gath Jacqui , Stobart Hilary , Potter Shelley 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer treatment is multimodal, but not all patients benefit from each treatment, and many experience morbidities significantly impacting quality of life. There is increasing interest in tailoring breast cancer treatments to optimize oncological outcomes and reduce treatment burden, but it is vital that future trials focus on treatments that most impact patients. This study was designed to explore patient experiences of treatment to inform future research.

Methods
An online survey was co-developed with patient advocates to explore respondents’ experiences of breast cancer treatment. Questions included simple demographics, treatments received, and views regarding omitting treatments if that is deemed safe. The survey was circulated via social media and patient advocacy groups. Responses were summarized by using simple statistics; free text was analyzed thematically.

Results
Of the 235 participants completing the survey, 194 (82.6%) would choose to omit a specific treatment if safe to do so. The most commonly selected treatments were chemotherapy (n = 69, 35.6%) and endocrine therapy (n = 61, 31.4%) mainly due to side effects. Fewer respondents would choose to omit surgery (n = 40, 20.6%) or radiotherapy (n = 20, 10.3%). Several women commented that survival was their “absolute priority” and that high-quality evidence to support the safety of reducing treatment would be essential.

Conclusions
Patients with breast cancer are individuals who may wish to optimize different components of their treatment. A portfolio of studies co-designed with patients is needed to establish an evidence base for greater treatment personalization with studies focused on reducing avoidable chemotherapy and endocrine therapy a priority.
Self-Adapting Network Relaxations for Weakly Coupled Markov Decision Processes
Authors: Nadarajah Selvaprabu , Cire Andre A. 
Published: May 2024

High-dimensional weakly coupled Markov decision processes (WDPs) arise in dynamic decision making and reinforcement learning, decomposing into smaller Markov decision processes (MDPs) when linking constraints are relaxed. The Lagrangian relaxation of WDPs (LAG) exploits this property to compute policies and (optimistic) bounds efficiently; however, dualizing linking constraints averages away combinatorial information. We introduce feasibility network relaxations (FNRs), a new class of linear programming relaxations that exactly represents the linking constraints. We develop a procedure to obtain the unique minimally sized relaxation, which we refer to as self-adapting FNR, as its size automatically adjusts to the structure of the linking constraints. Our analysis informs model selection: (i) the self-adapting FNR provides (weakly) stronger bounds than LAG, is polynomially sized when linking constraints admit a tractable network representation, and can even be smaller than LAG, and (ii) self-adapting FNR provides bounds and policies that match the approximate linear programming (ALP) approach but is substantially smaller in size than the ALP formulation and a recent alternative Lagrangian that is equivalent to ALP. We perform numerical experiments on constrained dynamic assortment and preemptive maintenance applications. Our results show that self-adapting FNR significantly improves upon LAG in terms of policy performance and/or bounds, while being an order of magnitude faster than an alternative Lagrangian and ALP, which are unsolvable in several instances. This paper was accepted by Baris Ata, stochastic models and simulation. Supplemental Material: The electronic companion and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01108 .
A Procedure for Revising Data-Based Priors in a Group
Authors: Alon Shiri , Gayer Gabrielle 
Published: May 2024

A group of individuals is interested in predicting the outcome of a current problem. Each individual has access to private data that are used to form a prior probability over possible outcomes. While individuals may be reluctant or unable to disclose their private data, they are willing to publish their priors. We characterize a procedure for revising the individuals’ prior probabilities based on the published priors of others and discuss its implications regarding the formation of a common prior in the group, both in the short and long run. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: G. Gayer gratefully acknowledges support from ISF [Grant 1443/20].
The Early Exercise Risk Premium
Authors: Aretz Kevin , Gazi Adnan 
Published: May 2024

We study the asset pricing implications of being able to optimally early exercise plain vanilla puts, contrasting expected raw and delta-hedged returns across equivalent American and European puts. Our theory suggests that American puts yield less negative raw but more negative delta-hedged expected returns than equivalent European puts. The raw (delta-hedged) spread widens with a higher early exercise probability as induced through, for example, moneyness, time to maturity, and underlying asset volatility (variance and jump risk premiums). An empirical comparison of single-stock American puts with equivalent synthetic European puts formed from put–call parity supports our theory if and only if we allow for optimal early exercises in our return calculations. More strikingly, allowing for optimal early exercises significantly alters the profitability of 14 out of 15 well-known option anomalies with the average absolute change equal to 33% and five anomalies becoming insignificant. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The internet appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00440 .