bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nature and Incidence of Liver Involvement in Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia
Authors: Ligumski M. , Polliack A. , Benbassat J. 
Published: August 2010

Clinical, biochemical and histopathological data of 33 patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) were examined with reference to liver disease and dysfunction.Clinical manifestations of hepatic or portal system involvement included hepatomegaly, jaundice, hepatitis, gall stones, ascites and bleeding esophageal varices. The liver was smooth and firm; it became larger with progression of the disease, but to a lesser degree than the spleen. Mild indirect bilirubinaemia occurred in the course of the disease in about half of the patients. Hepatitis was diagnosed in 5 (15 %) patients and in 3 (10 %) cases it was the cause of death. Cholelithiasis was found in 4 (12 %) patients.Biochemical liver dysfunction occurred in 22 (66 %) patients. A progressive increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and a gradual decrease in serum albumin were observed in 4 patients, who were followed for 5 to 15 years.Hepatic myeloid metaplasia was found in all 20 patients examined histologically. The liver architecture was grossly distorted in 4 cases: in 2 this was due to impaction of the sinusoid with haemopoietic cells, and in the remaining 2 to necrosis and haemorrhage following viral hepatitis. Periportal fibrosis was observed in 6 (30 %) of the liver specimens.Ascites, portal hypertension, or both, were found in 7 (64 %) of the 11 autopsies and in 5 (22 %) of the remaining patients. Liver histology, examined in 11 patients, revealed periportal fibrosis in 5 cases and myeloid metaplasia only, in the remaining 5. Patients with ascites or portal hypertension exhibited more frequently increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and vitamin B12, and lower levels of plasma prothrombin and serum albumin.The pathogenesis of the hepatic and portal system involvement in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) remains uncertain. Mechanical pressure by foci of myeloid metaplasia, chronic passive congestion, hepatitis or combinations of the above may lead to atrophy or necrosis of the parenchyma, followed by reparative fibrosis. Portal hypertension and ascites, a common complication of advanced AMM, could be due to the combined effect of an increased blood flow in the portal system, hypoalbuminaemia and sinusoidal obstruction.
CFU‐C Populations in Blood and Bone Marrow of Dogs after Lethal Irradiation and Allogeneic Transfusion with Cryopreserved Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Nothdurft Wilhelm , Fliedner Theodor M. , Calvo Wenceslao , Flad Hans‐Dieter , Huget Richard , Körbling Martin , Loringhofen Kristine Krumbacher‐von , Ross William M. , Schnappauf Hans‐Peter , Steinbach Irmhild ,   With the assistance of Inge Fache & Esther Rüber
Published: August 2010

Colony forming units in agar (CFU‐C) were assayed in both bone marrow and peripheral blood of dogs during haemopoietic recovery after lethal total‐body irradiation (1200 R) and allogeneic transfusion of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from histocompatible donors. MNC had been collected from the peripheral blood by continuous‐flow centrifugation leucapheresis and cryopreserved at ‐196°C until transfusion.Two groups of dogs were studied. Group 1 dogs (n = 12) were given between 0.39 and 2.76 times 109 MNC per kg body wt. Group 2 dogs (n = 14) were transfused with a similar number of MNC, ranging from 0.51 to 1.87 times 109 per kg body wt., but in addition underwent immuno‐suppressive therapy with methotrexate. In group 1 dogs, there was a rather good correlation between the number of CFU‐C in the regenerating bone marrow and the recovery of the peripheral blood granulocyte values. The regeneration of the CFU‐C population in the bone marrow of methotrexate‐treated dogs showed a somewhat more heterogeneous picture than in dogs of group 1 and in dogs that, in a previous study, were transfused with autologous MNC. The minimum time interval required for the reconstitution of peripheral blood CFU‐C to normal levels was 2–4 weeks but usually took from 4–14 weeks.
Studies of the Haemopoietic Microenvironment
Authors: Noordegraaf E. M. , Ploemacher R. E. 
Published: August 2010

Different glycosaminoglycans are described to be involved in processes of cell proliferation and differentiation. To investigate a possible direct involvement of glycosaminoglycans within the haemopoietic organs in erythropoiesis, biochemical separation and quantification of splenic and bone marrow glycosaminoglycans in anaemic and polycythaemic mice were performed. Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphate A, B and C were present in both organs under both conditions. Both in spleen and bone marrow of polycythaemic mice very low amounts of chondroitin sulphate A, B and C, and a higher amount of hyaluronic acid were found in comparison to normal mice. In anaemic mice only the amount of splenic chondroitin sulphate C was found to be lower than in normal mice.It is demonstrated that considerable changes in sulphated and unsulphated glycosaminoglycans occur during erythropoietic stimulation and suppression. The present findings do not indicate a causal relationship between sulphated glycosaminoglycan levels in the haemopoietic organs and the extend of erythropoietic maturation.
Interhospital Differences in the Treatment of Acute Leukaemia in Adults
Authors: Group  , Ikkala E. , Lahtinen R. , Niskanen E. , Ruutu T. , Vuopio P. , Hänninen Auli , Palva I. , Timonen T. , Lehtinen Marja , Levanto A. , Rajamäki A. , Vilpo J. , Selroos O. , Ahrenberg Pia , Rosengård S. , Waris E. , Wasastjerna C. , Wasastjerna C. , Sarna S. ,   The Finnish Leukaemia Group
Published: August 2010

During 5 years 203 adults with acute leukaemia were treated with a combination of daunorubicin, cytararabine and prednisone in the trials of the Finnish Leukaemia Group (FLG). The participating hospitals were classified according to size into 3 groups: 75 patients were treated in Meilahti Hospital (University Central Hospital, Helsinki), 87 patients—over 5 patients per year in each of the hospitals of the KOTT‐group (university hospitals in Kuopio, Oulu, Tampere and Turku), and 41 patients—1 to 3 patients per year in each of the 6 hospitals of the other hospital group. The remission rate in other hospitals (21%) was significantly (P < 0.002) inferior to to those in Meilahti Hospital (54%) and in the KOTT‐group (51%). Evaluation of the survival data showed no difference between Meilahti Hospital and KOTT‐group, but the survival in other hospitals was significantly poorer, differing from that of Meilahti (P = 0.01) and from that of KOTT‐group (P = 0.02). The durations of remissions did not differ from each other. The distribution of patients by the type of leukaemia was similar in all groups and the interhospital differences were not related to the type of leukaemia. The remission rates in other hospitals were in all age groups smaller than in the two other groups.The experience and skill gained by the doctors and the other hospital staff in treating more patients with acute leukaemia were regarded to be the main determinant of the better results achieved in the university hospitals. The slight differences in the age distribution of patients and in the facilities for supportive treatment were regarded to be of only minor importance.
A Calcium Binding IgG Myeloma Protein
Authors: Spira Gad , Silvian Ilana , Tatarsky Ilana , Hazani Anna 
Published: August 2010

A calcium binding IgG was isolated and purified by column chromatography from serum of a myeloma patient with asymptomatic hypercalcaemia. The myeloma IgG, characterized as an IgG kappa, revealed a normal sized heavy chain (56000 dalton), and a light chain of 31000 dalton. Another population of IgG separated and purified from the same patient's serum did not bind calcium and had a normal 26000 dalton light chain.Calcium binding activity in vitro is optimal at pH 8.0, and reaches its maximum after 3 h of 45Ca myeloma IgG incubation. Cleavage of the purified IgG by trypsin yielded peptides which were further isolated by column chromatography and characterized as Fab and Fc fragments. Light and heavy chains were obtained by reacting the immunoglobulin with dithiothreitol and iodoacetamide followed by Sephadex G‐100 chromatography. Calcium binding activity was proved to be associated with Fab IgG fragment. Preparates containing Fc, heavy or light chains did not bind calcium in vitro.
Normal and Leukaemic Human Haemopoietic Cells in Diffusion Chamber
Authors: Laurent Monique , Clémancey‐Marcille Geneviève , Hollard Daniel 
Published: August 2010

Leukaemic human bone marrow and peripheral blood cells were cultured for 25 d in diffusion chambers implanted into cyclophosphamide treated mice. Normal bone marrow cells were cultured simultaneously. These cells were studied both morphologically and functionally (CFU‐C).The leukaemic cells behaved heterogeneously, 2 groups being distinguishable in accordance with their initial in vitro growth pattern (1: no growth or microcluster growth, 2: macrocluster growth). Group I showed progressive cellular death with a diminution of granulocytic progenitors and the appearance of a predominantly macrophagic population. This behaviour resembled that of the control group. The initial microcluster growth pattern remained identical throughout the entire culture period. Group 2, after considerable cellular death up to d 5, showed an explosive proliferation of the granulocytic progenitors and incomplete differentiation (up to myelocyte). The initial macrocluster growth pattern remained identical.
The Use of Reference Plasmas in the Control of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Miale J. B. 
Published: August 2010

Beginning in 1967, several committees have attempted to formulate a consensus opinion on how best to standardize the control of oral anticoagulant therapy.The three major proposals that evolved were: 1) to agree on a standard thromboplastin that would serve as a «reference thromboplastin», 2) to explore mathematical approaches for comparing the results obtained with various thromboplastins, and 3) the use of assayed plasmas that would serve as a common reference material for all thromboplastins.The advantages of reference plasmas as a common reference and their usefulness in the standardization of oral anticoagulant therapy are discussed.
Thrombin‐, Epinephrine‐ and Collagen‐Induced Platelet Aggregation Inhibited by α1‐Acid Glycoprotein
Authors: Andersen P. , Eika C. 
Published: August 2010

α1‐acid glycoprotein (α1‐acid GP) isolated from human plasma was found to inhibit thrombin‐induced aggregation of washed human platelets (final thrombin concentration 0.05 NIH U/ml), and inhibition was complete with physiological concentrations of the glycoprotein (1.0–1.5 g/l final conc.). The inhibitory effect seemed to occur immediately on thrombin addition, thus being similar to the effect of heparin previously observed. As opposed to heparin, however, α1‐acid GP did not affect spontaneous platelet aggregation. Furthermore, α1‐acid GP (in optimal concentrations) reduced the combined inhibitory effect of heparin and antithrombin III on thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation, thus being consistent with the previous findings using heparin thrombin clotting time.Snyder & Coodley (1976) found α1‐acid GP to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate in platelet‐rich plasma. As we also found α1‐acid GP to inhibit collagen‐induced platelet aggregation, this acid glycoprotein may possibly act as an inhibitor of the release reaction although fairly high concentrations (10 mg/ml final conc.) were needed for complete inhibition.
Lennert's Lymphoma—Pathological and Immunological Studies in a Patient with Widespread Skin Involvement
Authors: Huijgens P. C. , Veldhuizen R.W. , Veer M. B. van't , Boonk W. J. , Kalsbeek G. L. , Langenhuijsen M. M. A. C. 
Published: August 2010

A 21‐year‐old male presented with a widespread skin infiltration characterized by irregularly elevated blue‐red plaques, generalized lymphadenopathy and enlarged parotid glands. Histological examination of the skin showed the characteristics of Lennert's lymphoma, as did the lymph nodes and parotid glands.Immunological studies on lymph node tissue revealed normal amounts of B‐ and T‐cells. The B‐cells were polyclonal. The T‐cells showed functional impairment in culture.Treatment with prednisone resulted in complete disappearance of all tumour manifestations within 6 weeks.
Morphology and Frequency of Heterochromatic Nuclear Sheets in Normal Circulating Human Leucocytes and after PUVA Therapy
Authors: Ree Kristian 
Published: August 2010

‘Heterochromatic nuclear sheets’ are structures that extend out from the nucleus into the cytoplasm where they are limited on both sides by the nuclear envelope. A uniform terminology regarding these structures has not been agreed upon and an attempt has been made in the present study to clarify the nomenclature. The frequency of nuclear sheets in circulating leucocytes has been established for the first time and found to be 4–8 % for granulocytes and 1–2 % for agranulocytes.Nuclear sheets have been reported to be associated with leukaemia, aneuploidy and treatment with antimitotic drugs. The parameter was therefore used to test the effect of photo‐activated 8‐methoxy psoralen (PUVA therapy) on circulating leucocytes. Used for the treatment of psoriasis PUVA therapy has been reported to cause leukaemia, chromosomal aberrations, mutations and skin cancer. No increase in heterochromatic nuclear sheets was found.
Monocyte Cytotoxicity after Splenectomy
Authors: Kragballe Knud , Nielsen Johan Lanng , Sølling Jacob , Ellegaard Jørgen 
Published: August 2010

Antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by monocytes was determined in 45 adults approximately 4 years after splenectomy for either abdominal trauma or accidental injury during operation for benign gastroduodenal ulcer. Compared to controls, both groups of splenectomized persons showed increased numbers of monocytes and decreased monocyte ADCC. The decrease of monocyte ADCC was only significant in those splenectomized persons in whom accessory splenic tissue was not detectable by isotope scanning. Addition of the spleen‐dependent peptide tuftsin to monocytes in vitro did not augment their ADCC. An increased serum concentration of immune complexes was demonstrated in 18 % of the splenectomized persons, but this increase was neither releated to the presence of splenic tissue nor to the monocyte cytotoxicity. Vaccination with pneumococcal polysaccharide had no effect on monocyte ADCC.It is suggested that the defective monocyte cytotoxicity observed in splenectomized persons without detectable splenic tissue might be relevant to post splenectomy infectious susceptibility.
Medium Conditioned for 24 Hours by Mononuclear Human Blood Cells Contains an Inducer of Granulopoiesis Lacking Colony Stimulating Activity
Authors: Böyum A. , Lövhaug D. , Viken K. E. , Kristiansen T. 
Published: August 2010

Regulation of granulocyte and macrophage formation was studied by a modified CFU‐C assay. Mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in methylcellulose in vitro. After colony counting on d 7, the cells were washed out to determine the total cell number per plate, and the distribution of granulocytes and macrophages in smears. By this procedure it was possible to study pathway‐specific regulators.The colony stimulating factor in medium conditioned by mouse L‐cells appeared specific for the macrophage cell line; 99% of the colony cells were macrophages. Medium conditioned for 24 h by mononuclear cells from human blood, had no colony forming capacity, but increased colony size and generated significant granulocyte production when combined with L‐CSF. This granulopoiesis inducing factor was thermo‐labile, and was mostly retained by an Amicon filter separating molecules at 100000 daltons.
ROLE OF PLATELETS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC DISEASE AND POSSIBLE INTERFERENCE WITH PLATELET INHIBITOR DRUGS
Authors: FUSTER V. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYDuring the last two decades, significant advances have been made in the understanding of atherosclerotic disease. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis appears to depend on a precise sequence of critical events based on the interaction of blood elements and lipids with the arterial wall. The major critical events and their sequence appears to be as follows: hemodynamic stress and endothelial injury; arterial wall‐platelet interaction; smooth muscle cell proliferation; lipid entry and accumulation; significant arterial narrowing with fibrosis and development of thrombi; and complications in the form of calcification, ulceration, aneurysm, acute thrombotic occlusion and embolization. This sequence of critical events starts at a young age and in all geographic racial groups. Their evolution into advanced symptomatic lesions takes many years and varies in incidence and extent among different geographic and ethnic groups. It appears that in promoting and accelerating this process into the advanced stage of the disease, the presence at a young age of the so‐called risk factors of atherosclerotic disease is most important.The recent advances in the understanding of the atherosclerotic process will be highlighted in this chapter with particular attention being focused on the role of platelets and thrombosis in the development of the disease and the possible role of platelet inhibitor drugs on the prevention of coronary atherosclerotic disease.
Chromosome Studies in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)
Authors: BorgstrOm G. H. , Teerenhovi L. , Vuopio P. , Andersson L. C. , Elonen S. Knuutila E. , Chapelle A. de la 
Published: August 2010

Chromosome banding studies of the bone marrow were performed in 35 adult (> 14 years) patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Surface marker analysis was done in 24 of these and revealed 4 B‐ALL, 5 T‐ALL and 15 non‐T non‐B ALL. Most patients were studied at diagnosis before any treatment. A clonal karyotypic abnormality was found in 16 patients (46 %) initially. A Philadelphia chromosome was found in 3 patients, all belonging to the non‐T non‐B group. 5 patients, who all had blast cells with morphologic characteristics of Burkitt type L3, were found to have bone marrow cells with a 14q+ marker chromosome. In at least 4 cases this was due to a t(8;14).The cytogenetic findings showed some correlation to the ALL subgroup, but not to the response to treatment or the prognosis.
Characterization of an Antibody to Factor VIII in a Patient with Acquired Hemophilia with Circulating Immune Complexes
Authors: Ly Bernt , Michaelsen Terje E. , Dahl Ove , Fröland Stig S. 
Published: August 2010

A 73‐year‐old previously healthy woman was admitted because of severe bleeding from esophagitic lesions and intraabdominal bleeding following hysterectomy. Acquired hemophilia, probably due to an IgG antibody to factor VIII (64 inhibitor units/ml) was noticed, the VIII:C in the patient's plasma being 18% of normal.Immune complexes isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation had only a weak factor VIII inhibiting activity whereas IgG purified from the complexes and monomeric IgG present in her plasma exerted a strong inhibition. Removal of the complexes from plasma had no effect on the inhibitor titer thus indicating that only a minor part of the antibody was circulating as immune complexes.Plasma or purified IgG from the patient decreased the VIII:C of normal plasma to 18 og 14%, respectively, total inhibition being impossible ot achieve even in antibody excess, probably reflecting residual activity of factor VIII bound to the patient's antibodies. The ristocetin cofactor activity of normal plasma was unaffected by the antibodies. Transfusion of factor VIII concentrate to the patient resulted in therapeutic levels of circulating factor VIII and transfused factor VIII circulated longer than usual. Partial remission of the disease with adequate levels of VIII:C occurred after 3 months.
Attempt at Quantification of the Cytotoxic Drug‐Induced Changes of the Human Bone Marrow Compartments
Authors: Schreml Wolfgang , Kubitza Peter , Lohrmann Hans‐Peter 
Published: August 2010

In order to describe the changes of the human bone marrow compartments after repeated courses of adriamycin/cyclophosphamide in quantitative terms, 2 methods have been studied for their usefulness as indices of bone marrow cellularity: cell counts per ml of bone marrow aspirates obtained under standardized conditions, and cell counts per μl of bone marrow spicules evaluated by morphometric techniques.Applied to a sufficiently large group of patients, both methods were useful to describe the cytotoxic drug‐induced changes of the bone marrow compartments in accordance with the following indirect criteria: (a) the results in man are quite compatible with the changes of haematopoiesis described in animal experiments after cytotoxic drugs; (b) the changes of the peripheral blood cell pools ‐ PMN and reticulocytes ‐, which can be assessed quantitatively, correspond to the changes of the respective bone marow pools as determined by the described indices of cellularity; (c) this quantitative description of drug‐induced changes in the human bone marrow compartments yields ‘reasonable’ results on the basis of both the mechanism of action of the cytotoxic drugs employed and the kinetics of the haematopoietic system studied.
Primary and Secondary Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Helmerhorst F. M. , van Leeuwen E. F. , Pegels J. G. , van der Plas‐van Dalen C. , Eengelfriet C. P. , von dem Borne A. E. G. Kr. 
Published: August 2010

In 357 thrombocytopenic patients, the autoimmune nature of the thrombocytopenia was established with the immunofluorescence test on paraformaldehyde‐fixed platelets in suspension (PSIFT). In 142 patients, autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) was accompanied by (an)other disease(s) and thus classified as secondary AITP. No significant difference was found in the distribution of the immunochemical characteristics of the autoantibodies between primary and secondary AITP.The results of survival studies with 51Cr‐labelled platelets and organ sequestration measurements in 7 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) indicated that platelets with IgM autoantibodies were sequestered mainly in the spleen. An increased incidence of AITP was seen at 5 to 10 years of age, in the 3rd decade and in the 6th and 7th decades of life. AITP was slightly more common in females. The following groups of accompanying diseases in 142 AITP patients were distinguished: autoimmune diseases of the blood, malignant diseases of the blood, generalized and organ‐specific autoimmune diseases, carcinoma and a miscellaneous group of diseases. No significant differences were found in the immunochemical properties of the autoantibodies between the various categories of disease. In 7 cases, AITP was preceded by an established viral disease, in 1 case by lepra and in another by a vaccination. The PSIFT was found to be a suitable test for diagnosing AITP not only in idiopathic thrombocytopenia, but also in thrombocytopenia associated with another disease.
Anti‐Thymocyte Globulin Treatment for Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Jansen Jan , Zwaan Ferry E. , Haak Hans L. , Velde Jante , Guiot Henri F. L. , Sabbe Luc J. M. , Eernisse J. George , Tricot Guido J. K. , Rood Jon J. van 
Published: August 2010

20 patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG), 6 of them in combination with haplo‐identical bone marrow. 7 patients (35%) showed a good clinical response within 6 months; they were off transfusions and had ≥ 0.8 times 109/1 neutrophils. ATG had the greatest effect on red‐cell production and the least on platelet production.The hematological recovery after ATG could not be predicted from the bone‐marrow histology, CFU‐c growth, or clinical data. However, patients with strong HLA antibodies seemed to respond more often.The actuarial survival was 55% at 5 years. Under intensive supportive care, even 7 out of 12 non‐responders were alive after 1 year. ATG appears to be a useful form of therapy for patients with severe aplastic anemia who are not candidates for bone‐marrow transplantation.