bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NLRP3 promotes radiation‐induced brain injury by regulating microglial pyroptosis
Authors: Zhang Wan , Wu Qiheng , Zhang Xiaonan , Qin Yue , Gao Lianxuan , Hu Shushu , Du Shasha , Ren Chen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeRadiation‐induced brain injury, one of the side effects of cranial radiotherapy in tumour patients, usually results in durable and serious cognitive disorders. Microglia are important innate immune‐effector cells in the central nervous system. However, the interaction between microglia and neurons in radiation‐induced brain injury remains uncharacterised.Methods and MaterialsWe established a microglia–neuron indirect co‐culture model to assess the interaction between them. Microglia exposed to radiation were examined for pyroptosis using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, Annexin V/PI staining, SYTOX staining and western blot. The role of nucleotide‐binding oligomerisation domain‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) was investigated in microglia exposed to radiation and in mouse radiation brain injury model through siRNA or inhibitor. Mini‐mental state examination and cytokines in blood were performed in 23 patients who had experienced cranial irradiation.ResultsMicroglia exerted neurotoxic features after radiation in the co‐culture model. NLRP3 was up‐regulated in microglia exposed to radiation, and then caspase‐1 was activated. Thus, the gasdermin D protein was cleaved, and it triggered pyroptosis in microglia, which released inflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile, treatment with siRNA NLRP3 in vitro and NLRP3 inhibitor in vivo attenuated the damaged neuron cell and cognitive impairment, respectively. What is more, we found that the patients after radiation with higher IL‐6 were observed to have a decreased MMSE score.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that radiation‐induced pyroptosis in microglia may promote radiation‐induced brain injury via the secretion of neurotoxic cytokines. NLRP3 was evaluated as an important mediator in radiation‐induced pyroptosis and a promising therapeutic target for radiation‐induced brain injury.
A practical approach to ineffective esophageal motility
Authors: Kamboj Amrit K. , Katzka David A. , Vela Marcelo F. , Yadlapati Rena , Ravi Karthik 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeIneffective esophageal motility (IEM) is the most frequently diagnosed esophageal motility abnormality and characterized by diminished esophageal peristaltic vigor and frequent weak, absent, and/or fragmented peristalsis on high‐resolution esophageal manometry. Despite its commonplace occurrence, this condition can often provoke uncertainty for both patients and clinicians. Although the diagnostic criteria used to define this condition has generally become more stringent over time, it is unclear whether the updated criteria result in a more precise clinical diagnosis. While IEM is often implicated with symptoms of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux disease, the strength of these associations remains unclear. In this review, we share a practical approach to IEM highlighting its definition and evolution over time, commonly associated clinical symptoms, and important management and treatment considerations. We also share the significance of this condition in patients undergoing evaluation for anti‐reflux surgery and consideration for lung transplantation.
The improvement of soil properties in rice cropping systems using an integrated fertilization method to increase rice yield
Authors: Zhu Wenbin , Yin Bin , Su Lianghu , Liu Chenwei , Zhang Longjiang , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe global food crisis provides an impetus for agricultural green transformation via optimized fertilization methods. While organic substitution, green manure incorporation, and targeted fertilization sites have individually shown promise in enhancing rice yield, there is still a gap between optimized fertilization methods and achieving sustainable rice production. To explore the factors influencing rice yield across different fertilization strategies, we conducted a field experiment in Southern China encompassing five treatments, such as CK (no N input), RN (broadcasting urea with recommended N rates), RON (broadcasting organic–inorganic fertilizer with recommended N rates), RONS (side‐deep placement of organic–inorganic fertilizer with recommended N rates), and RONSA (coupled RONS with Azolla [Azolla pinnata R. Brown]). Using a Minimum Data Set approach, we identified the primary variables influencing soil properties and rice production, with a focus on soil physicochemical characteristics and bacterial communities. Further, the soil properties index (SPI), calculated by multiplying the linear score with the weight of each variable, served as an indicator of soil properties variations. Our findings revealed that RONSA significantly increased the SPI by 21.1% compared with RN, predominantly because of higher soil labile organic carbon (LOC) and available N (SAN) fractions (p < .05). N uptake in rice plants (23.9%–28.4%) increased dramatically under RONSA leading to higher rice yield (11.0%–16.9%) and NUE (30.2%–36.1%) than RN (p < .05). The enhancement in soil properties, characterized by increased LOC, SAN fractions, and bacterial community diversity, was essential in boosting rice yields, with dissolved inorganic N emerging as the dominant contributor. In summary, our results highlight the effectiveness of integrated fertilization approaches in enhancing soil properties, subsequently leading to improved rice yields and NUE. This fertilizer strategy holds promise for guiding field fertilization practices and advancing sustainable rice production.
Effects of ecological intensification of agriculture on soil fertility and carbon and nitrogen stocks: An 8‐year study in southern Brazil
Authors: Valenciano Murilo Nunes , Barth Gabriel , Soares Johnny Rodrigues , Francisco Eros Artur Bohac , Prochnow Luis Ignacio , Otto Rafael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEcological intensification (EI) of agriculture aims to optimize soil conservation, crop diversity and nutrient management. Despite growing interest in EI, its impact on soil properties, compared with conventional farming practice (FP), remains poorly understood as a result of limited field evidence. This study, conducted over eight seasons in southern Brazil as part of the ‘Global Maize Project’ of the International Plant Nutrition Institute, evaluated EI compared with FP, and FP with silage (FPS) using a split‐plot design. Four nitrogen application rates (0, 70, 140 and 210 kg ha−1) were applied to subplots with four replicates. Soil properties were measured to a depth of 1 m. The trial systems consisted of a maize–soybean rotation under no‐till during summer and cover crops and fertilizer application during winter. In the FP system, black oats and wheat were cultivated, while FPS utilized white oats and ryegrass. In the EI system, peas (without N application) and wheat were cultivated. In the 4‐years preceding the trial, the area was cultivated in a no‐till system with maize–soybean during summer and black oat–wheat in winter. Our results reveal distinct differences in soil properties among the systems, with FPS demonstrating greater soil acidity (pH of 4.4 at 0–5 cm) caused by higher N application than FP and EI systems. The lower soil pH altered soil nutrient dynamics, with decreased available Ca, Mg and K and increased Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. Furthermore, nutrient availability varied, with EI having more inorganic N and DON at 0–40 cm compared with FP, but less in deeper soil (40–100 cm). Notably, EI system had more soil carbon (175 Mg ha−1) compared with FP (161 Mg ha−1), a relative annual increase of 1.8 Mg ha−1 year−1 over 8 years. These findings underscore the potential of EI to promote soil carbon, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and soil health improvement.
Use of near‐infrared fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green to evaluate direct cutaneous arteries used for canine axial pattern flaps
Authors: Eiger Sophie N. , Bertran Judit , Reynolds Penny S. , Regier Penny , Case J. Brad , Ham Kathleen , Mison Michael , Fox‐Alvarez W. Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the use of near‐infrared angiography (NIRFA) to identify the vascularization of three canine axial pattern flaps (APFs) omocervical (OMO), thoracodorsal (THO), and caudal superficial epigastric (CSE); to establish a vascular fluorescence pattern (VFP) grading system; and to evaluate the effect of NIRFA on surgeon flap dimension planning compared to traditional landmark palpation (LP) and visualization assessments.Study designExperimental study.AnimalsA total of 15 healthy, client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs were sedated and flap sites were clipped. LP‐based margins were drawn and preinjection images were recorded. Indocyanine green (ICG) was administered and VFP images were recorded. VFP scores were determined by five surgeons. Margin alterations were performed based on NIRFA‐ICG images. Altered measurements were compared between LP and NIRFA‐ICG images.ResultsVascularization of the CSE flap was most visible with NIRFA with VFP scores 4/4 for 13/15 dogs. Intersurgeon agreement for VFP grades was poorest for THO (ICC = 0.35) and intermediate for OMO (ICC = 0.49) flaps. Surgeons were more likely to adjust dimensions for CSE flaps relative to OMO (OR 17.3, 95% CI: 6.2, 47.8) or THO (25.5; 8.6, 75.7).ConclusionUsing a grading system, we demonstrated that the CSE flap was most visible. Surgeons were more likely to adjust the LP‐CSE flap margins based on fluorescence patterns and were more likely to rely on LP when visualization scores were low.Clinical significanceNIRFA has possible applications identifying some direct cutaneous arteries of APFs and their associated angiosomes in real‐time. Further investigation is indicated to study NIRFA's potential to improve patient specific APF planning.
Quality indicators to monitor the quality and safety of care for older people: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Lathlean Timothy J.H. , Inacio Maria C. , Westbrook Johanna , Gray Len , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Hibbert Peter , Comans Tracy , Crotty Maria , Wesselingh Steve , Sluggett Janet K. , Ward Stephanie , Wabe Nasir , Caughey Gillian E. 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
The objective of this review is to identify quality indicators used to monitor the quality and safety of care provided to older people (≥ 65 years old) in 8 care settings: primary care; hospital/acute care; aged care (including residential aged care and home or community care); palliative care; rehabilitation care; care transitions; dementia care; and care in rural areas.

Introduction:
There is a need for high-quality, holistic, person-centered care for older people. Older people receive care across multiple care settings, and population-level monitoring of quality and safety of care across settings represents a significant challenge.

Inclusion criteria:
National and international quality indicators used to monitor and evaluate the quality and safety of care at the population level for older individuals in the 8 key care settings will be considered for inclusion. English-language quantitative and mixed method studies published from 2012 will be considered.

Methods:
Academic (MEDLINE, Embase) and gray (government websites, clinical guidelines, Google) literature searches will be conducted. A standardized data extraction tool will be used to describe the identified quality indicators and associated tools. Quality indicators will be categorized by key domains (ie, pain, function, consumer experience, service delivery); quality indicator type (structure, process, outcome); and the Institute of Medicine’s 6 dimensions of care quality (eg, efficiency, effectiveness, appropriateness, accessibility, acceptability/person-centered, safety). The scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/8czun
Heat Pumps Go Maine-Stream
Authors: Nemo Leslie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
As part of a comprehensive effort to reduce carbon emissions, Maine officials announced a plan in 2019 to install 100,000 heat pumps across the state by 2025. They achieved this goal two years ahead of schedule in July 2023. For an electric heating technology that historically was only appropriate for warmer climates, the state’s success is encouraging.Government officials look on build on that success and other states are looking to the program as a model.
Will We Eever Hail a Flying Taxi?
Authors: Sukel Kayt 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The aviation industry has teased the development of a new type of affordable, sustainable aircraft, advanced air mobility (AAM) flyers, to help reduce passenger congestion and to open up the urban commuting landscape to more rural areas. Often called “air taxis,” eVTOL aircraft have the potential to not only replace traditional carbon-emitting short-range flights but could also help ferry commuters across busy metropolitan areas. Despite some progress in making air taxis a reality, there remain some nagging questions that must be answered. The biggest of which is whether flying taxis will solve real problems for real people or if they are more akin to the cryptocurrency of aviation.
Fast and Reliable History Matching of Channel Reservoirs Using Initial Models Selected by Streamline and Deep Learning
Authors: Kim Doeon , King Michael , Jo Honggeun , Choe Jonggeun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Ensemble-based methods involve using multiple models for model calibration to correct initial models based on observed data. The assimilated ensemble models allow probabilistic analysis of future production behaviors. It is crucial to use good initial models to obtain reliable history matching and prediction of both oil and water productions especially for channel reservoirs having high uncertainty and heterogeneity. In this study, we propose a fast and reliable history matching method by selecting good initial models using streamline and deep learning. The proposed method is applied to two cases of 3D channel reservoir generated by sgems and generative adversarial network (GAN). The proposed method offers predictions with accuracy improvement more than 20% for oil and 10% for water productions compared with two other model selection methods. It also reduces the overall simulation time by 75% compared to the method of using all initial models.
Friction and Wear of Ni Alloy-Ag-Ni Doped hBN Self-Lubricating Composites From Room Temperature to 800 °C
Authors: Gupta Smita , Tyagi Rajnesh , Pandey Anchal , Jain P. K. , Khatri O. P. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The current investigation explores the potential of Ni-doped hBN (hBN-O-Ni) as a solid lubricant in conjunction with Ag in improving the tribological performance of Ni alloy-Ag-hBN composites containing a fixed amount of silver (10 wt%) and different amounts (2, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) of hBN from room temperature to 800 °C by carrying out tests under a fixed load of 5 N and speed of 0.5 m/s using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The study also intends to determine the occurrence of any synergistic action between Ag and a hybrid nanomaterial (Ni-doped hBN) in achieving low friction and low wear properties over an extended range of temperatures. The results indicate that the composite having 4 wt% hBN exhibited the lowest wear-rate among all the materials, whereas the composite having 8 wt% hBN displayed the lowest coefficient of friction at all the temperatures under the condition of load and sliding speed used in the present study. The composite having 8 wt% hBN attained the lowest coefficient of friction (∼0.18) at 800 °C due to synergistic action between silver molybdates and hBN. At low temperatures, Ag and hBN provided lubrication, whereas at high temperatures lubricious oxides (NiO, NiMoO4, and MoO3), silver molybdates (Ag2MoO4, Ag2Mo2O7), and hBN contributed to lowering the coefficient of friction as well as wear-rate.
Effect of Entrainment Sliding Direction to the Traction Coefficient for Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Elliptical Contacts in the Linear Isothermal Region
Authors: Higashitani Yuko , Kawabata Sanemasa , Björling Marcus , Almqvist Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In many mechanical systems, elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) is apparent in the interfaces between rolling/sliding parts. Even at small slide-to-roll ratios, detailed knowledge about the oil film thickness and the traction exerted by the highly pressurized lubricant is crucial for the efficiency and reliability of such systems. In this study, we explore the impact of surface velocity direction and contact ellipticity on traction characteristics within EHL through numerical simulations using an elliptical EHL contact solver based on a fully coupled finite element approach. We present a novel master curve that correlates the traction coefficient slope with the lubricant entrainment direction and ellipticity, for elliptical EHL contacts in the piezoviscous elastic (PE) regime. We demonstrate that the master curve shows a maximum relative difference of less than 3.2% to the numerical simulation results, proving its efficacy. This curve is particularly beneficial for multibody-dynamics models, providing a reliable tool for predicting frictional forces in systems where elliptical EHL contacts, operating within the PE regime at low SRR, are prevalent.
Point Contact Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication and Wear in Intermittent Motion
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Wang Xinqing , Han Yiming , Wang Jing , Venner C. H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Intermittent motion is a complex process that involves constant speed, deceleration, static stages, and acceleration. Theoretical analysis suggests that shortening the period of intermittent motion can increase the film thickness during static stages, thereby extending the life of the part. Currently, an increasing number of studies are focusing on small oscillatory movements or vibrations. However, the impact of intermittent motion cycles on the film thickness and wear in the contact area still needs to be investigated. Optical interference and acoustic emission (AE) were employed as experimental methods to investigate simple sliding point contact intermittent motion. The lubrication state transition of full film-starvation-wear in the contact area was observed and the experimental results confirmed the correctness of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) theoretical analysis. Additionally, the regularity of starvation and AE signal change with time during intermittent motion were summarized. An in-depth analysis of the reasons why intermittent motion with a short period generates less wear was performed. This analysis provides novel ideas to reduce wear of intermittent motion mechanisms. Overall, this research contributes to the understanding of the wear during intermittent motion and provides essential insights for wear reduction in this area.
Numerical Study of Pressure Response to Action Potential by Water Permeation With Ion Transports
Authors: Matsuyama Haruhi , Fujii Takehiro , Miyauchi Suguru , Takeuchi Shintaro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
While the permeation mechanism of solute (e.g., ions and glucose) through biological membrane has been studied extensively, the mechanical role of water transport in intracellular phenomena has not received much attention. In the present study, to investigate the effect of water permeation on the intracellular pressure response, a novel permeation flux model through a biological membrane is developed by incorporating the coupling permeabilities (between water and ion fluxes) as the water–ion interaction in the ion channels. The proposed model is applied to a two–dimensional permeation problem of water and ions in a closed cell separated by a thin membrane. The permeation flux model reproduces the typical time response of intracellular pressure to action potentials with reasonable agreement with experimental results in the literature, indicating that the pressure response can be characterized by the following three parameters: water permeability, the mass ratio of water and ion, and the ratio of the permeation fluxes of water and ion. In particular, the permeation flux ratio plays an essential role in intracellular phenomena; depending on the value of the permeation flux ratio, the time lag between the action potential and the pressure response is 0.1 times smaller than that expected by the previous researchers, indicating that water transport associated with ions may trigger a pressure response. This study demonstrates the importance of water permeation in intracellular mechanical response through coupling of the fluid motion and electric fields.
Application of C(t)-Integral Solutions in Extending ASME BPVC Section XI Division 2 Code Case N-934 for Transient Creep Crack Growth
Authors: Petkov Markian , Messner Mark 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Creep crack growth is a phenomenon which arises in damaged metallic structures under combined primary and secondary loads in the creep regime. The High Temperature Flaw Evaluation Code Committee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) is evaluating methods in extending Code Case N-934 to capture transient creep crack growth. This paper provides context and basic examples on the selected approach to transient creep crack growth methods based on the C(t)-integral. The basis for selected C(t)-integral solution as analytical method is established, including an overview of its derivation. Practical assessments of a crack growing under creep conditions in a realistic component are conducted to illustrate the analytical approach. Additional considerations in the application of the analytical methods and limitations are discussed.