bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Millimeter‐wave dielectric characteristics of Sr1−xCaxSmAlO4 ceramics
Authors: Chen Xing Yu , Liu Mei Ying , Li Lei , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTMillimeter‐wave dielectric characteristrics of Sr1−xCaxSmAlO4 ceramics were investigated together with their structures. The solid solution in the space group I4/mmm was determined in the entire composition range, and the excellent microwave dielectric characteristics were not only obtained in the centimeter‐wave range but also in the millimeter‐wave range. The dielectric constant εr indicated a slight decrease from 19.5, and the significantly improved Q×f value was achieved, while the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf became more negative (from −3.4 to −12 ppm/°C) with increasing x. Q×f value showed apparent increase with increasing frequency, and the Q×f value at 28 GHz was improved from 88 000 to 160000 GHz with increasing x. The best combination of millimeter‐wave dielectric characteristics was achieved at x = 0.6: εr = 19, Q×f = 143 300 GHz (at 27.3 GHz), and τf = −9.3 ppm/°C. The present ceramics could be expected as the promising candidates as millimeter‐wave dielectric ceramics.
Structure, electric, and optical properties of single‐crystalline domain composed thin VO2 films on glass
Authors: Wang Jun , Wen Liping , Qin Minhua , Tian Shouqin , Zhao Xiujian , Liu Baoshun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVO2 films prepared on amorphous substrates are generally nanocrystalline and have low semiconductor–metal transition (SMT) properties. The current research reported that both the undoped and Nb‐doped VO2 films, composed of differently‐orientated single‐crystalline domains, can be prepared on amorphous quartz substrates through facile annealing of sputtered precursors, with their structures, electric properties, optical properties, and thermochromism being systematically studied. The results showed that the resistance change of the undoped VO2 films across the SMT was ∼3000 times. The SMT critical temperature (Tc) of the sc‐domain VO2 films can be decreased to room temperature by the Nb doping, and the resistance change across the SMT could remain approximately two orders of magnitude higher when the Tc was decreased to 27°C. It was seen that both the semiconductor‐phase undoped and Nb‐doped VO2 films featured defect‐activated conductances, with the Nb donor ionization energy being 0.14–0.17 eV. The absorption coefficients of the VO2 films were obtained by fitting the transmittance and reflectance optical spectra with the Drude‐Lorentz dispersion model, and the Nb doping widened and merged the d|| and π* bands, with both the optical and physical gaps being decreased due to the band widening. The thermochromic performances were also studied, and the result showed that the solar light modulation could remain 90% of the undoped film when the Tc was decreased to 27°C by the Nb doping, so the Nb‐doped VO2 films can be a good candidate for preparing thermochromic energy‐saving coatings.
Entangled in complexity: An ethnographic study of organizational adaptability and safe care transitions for patients with complex care needs
Authors: Hedqvist Ann‐Therese , Praetorius Gesa , Ekstedt Mirjam , Lindberg Catharina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to visualize vulnerabilities and explore the dynamics of inter‐professional collaboration and organizational adaptability in the context of care transitions for patients with complex care needs.DesignAn ethnographic design using multiple convergent data collection techniques.MethodsData collection involved document review, participant observations and interviews with healthcare and social care professionals (HSCPs). Narrative analysis was employed to construct two illustrative patient scenarios, which were then examined using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). Thematic analysis was subsequently applied to synthesize the findings.ResultsInconsistencies in timing and precision during care transitions pose risks for patients with complex care needs as they force healthcare systems to prioritize structural constraints over individualized care, especially during unforeseen events outside regular hours. Such systemic inflexibility can compromise patient safety, increase the workload for HSCPs and strain resources. Organizational adaptability is crucial to managing the inherent variability of patient needs. Our proposed ‘safe care transition pathway’ addresses these issues, providing proactive strategies such as sharing knowledge and increasing patient participation, and strengthening the capacity of professionals to meet dynamic care needs, promoting safer care transitions.ConclusionTo promote patient safety in care transitions, strategies must go beyond inter‐professional collaboration, incorporating adaptability and flexible resource planning. The implementation of standardized safe care transition pathways, coupled with the active participation of patients and families, is crucial. These measures aim to create a resilient, person‐centred approach that may effectively manage the complexities in care transitions.ImplicationsThe recommendations of this study span the spectrum from policy‐level changes aimed at strategic resource allocation and fostering inter‐professional collaboration to practical measures like effective communication, information technology integration, patient participation and family involvement. Together, the recommendations offer a holistic approach to enhance care transitions and, ultimately, patient outcomes.Reporting MethodFindings are reported per the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative research (COREQ).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Compromise in hard times? The impact of deglobalization on corporate social responsibility in the US–China supply chain
Authors: Cao Yanming , Chen Jengfang , Chen Xiaomeng Charlene , Lu Meiting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effect of the US–China trade tensions on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance of the Chinese suppliers most affected by the 2018 US tariff surges. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we find that Chinese suppliers with direct US corporate customers experience a significant decline in CSR performance, compared with their peers without direct US corporate customers. We also show that the adverse effect of tariff surges on Chinese suppliers’ CSR performance is concentrated among those with a strong cost leadership strategy. However, the CSR performance of Chinese suppliers that have direct US corporate customers with high CSR awareness is not affected by the tariff surges. Further analyses reveal that the negative effects of the trade tensions on CSR performance are felt most strongly by the employees of Chinese suppliers. Taken together, despite the challenges posed by the deglobalization wave to the diffusion of CSR across global supply chains, the increasing demand for CSR involvement from US corporate customers can exert significant pressure on Chinese suppliers’ CSR performance.
Antacids and reflux esophagitis as a risk factor for gastric neoplasm of fundic‐gland type: A retrospective, matched case–control study
Authors: Hayasaka Junnosuke , Hoteya Shu , Takazawa Yutaka , Kikuchi Daisuke , Araki Akihiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimSince the first report of gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic‐gland type in 2010, the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric neoplasm of the fundic‐gland type (GNFG) have become clearer; however, their risk factors remain unclear. This exploratory study aimed to identify the risk factors for GNFG.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center, retrospective, matched case–control study using medical information recorded at our health management center from January 2014 to July 2023. During this period, 39 240 people underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. GNFG were extracted as cases and matched to controls, according to age and sex, in a 1:8 ratio, excluding those with a history of gastrointestinal surgery and those with a history or comorbidity of cancer. Univariate analysis was used to compare patient background and endoscopic findings. Multivariable analysis was performed, adjusting for factors with P values < 0.1 and antacid use.ResultsA total of 20 GNFG cases and 160 matched healthy controls were included. In the univariate analysis, only reflux esophagitis was significantly more common in GNFG (40.0% vs 18.1%; P = 0.036). Factors antacids and duodenitis had P values < 0.1. Logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for antacids, reflux esophagitis, and duodenitis. Antacids and reflux esophagitis were the independent risk factors for GNFG (odds ratio = 3.68 [95% confidence interval: 1.04–11.91] and 3.25 [95% confidence interval: 1.11–9.35]).ConclusionsAlthough the sample of patients with GNFG was small, antacids and reflux esophagitis were identified as a risk factor. The pathogenesis of antacids and reflux esophagitis may be involved in the development of GNFG.
Variant‐specific effects of GBA1 mutations on dopaminergic neuron proteostasis
Authors: Onal G. , Yalçın‐Çakmaklı G. , Özçelik C. E. , Boussaad I. , Şeker U. Ö. Ş. , Fernandes Hugo J. R. , Demir H. , Krüger R. , Elibol B. , Dökmeci S. , Salman M. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) mutations are the most important genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinically, mild (e.g., p.N370S) and severe (e.g., p.L444P and p.D409H) GBA1 mutations have different PD phenotypes, with differences in age at disease onset, progression, and the severity of motor and non‐motor symptoms. We hypothesize that GBA1 mutations cause the accumulation of α‐synuclein by affecting the cross‐talk between cellular protein degradation mechanisms, leading to neurodegeneration. Accordingly, we tested whether mild and severe GBA1 mutations differentially affect the degradation of α‐synuclein via the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS), chaperone‐mediated autophagy (CMA), and macroautophagy and differentially cause accumulation and/or release of α‐synuclein. Our results demonstrate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and total ubiquitination rates were significantly increased in cells with severe GBA1 mutations. CMA was found to be defective in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived dopaminergic neurons with mild GBA1 mutations, but not in those with severe GBA1 mutations. When examining macroautophagy, we observed reduced formation of autophagosomes in cells with the N370S and D409H GBA1 mutations and impairments in autophagosome–lysosome fusion in cells with the L444P GBA1 mutation. Accordingly, severe GBA1 mutations were found to trigger the accumulation and release of oligomeric α‐synuclein in iPSC‐derived dopaminergic neurons, primarily as a result of increased ER stress and defective macroautophagy, while mild GBA1 mutations affected CMA, which is mainly responsible for the degradation of the monomeric form of α‐synuclein. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the molecular basis of the clinical variability in PD associated with different GBA1 mutations.image
Relationship between texture perception and oral function: A preliminary study in young, healthy adults
Authors: Ito Yuki , Tanaka Yasue , Daidoji Akinari , Al Khalili Hala , Hattori Yoshinori 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOral frailty, characterised by reduced oral function, is associated with systemic health issues in older adults. Although the criteria for diminished oral function often focus on motor and secretory abilities, texture perception also plays a crucial role in health due to its impact on food intake and palatability.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between thickness discrimination ability (TDA) and oral motor and secretory functions in healthy young individuals.MethodsTwenty‐eight adults were assessed for texture perception using eight concentrations of aqueous xanthan gum solutions to determine TDA scores. Measurements of occlusal force, masticatory performance, tongue pressure, stimulated salivary flow rate and tongue–lip motor function were conducted. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between TDA scores and oral functions. Participants were divided into high‐sensitivity and low‐sensitivity groups based on their TDA scores to compare oral function test results.ResultsThe TDA scores varied among the participants, with higher scores correlating with higher masticatory performance (r = 0.41, p < .05). Masticatory performance in the high‐sensitivity group was significantly higher than in the low‐sensitivity group (211.9 ± 59.2 mg/dL vs. 157.9 ± 43.0 mg/dL, p = .013), with no significant differences in other oral functions.ConclusionMasticatory performance was correlated with TDA, suggesting a link between the selection function of mastication and thickness discrimination. These findings highlight the potential relevance of texture perception in oral function and indicate the need for further exploration, particularly in older adults with declining oral health.
Science and the Pulpit: Clerical Perspectives on Science and Religion in the United States
Authors: Noy Shiri , O'Brien Timothy L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough public perceptions of science and religion are the focus of a large body of scholarship, we know much less about religious leaders’ views of science and its relationship to religion. Using data from a national survey of religious leaders in the United States, our latent class analysis finds three underlying groups of clergy based on their engagement with science and their beliefs about its interface with religion. Those with a modern clerical perspective on science and religion (40 percent) accommodate mainstream scientific theories alongside their religious beliefs and they discuss science frequently with congregants. Those with a traditional clerical perspective (29 percent) are dismissive of mainstream scientific theories although they rarely discuss science with congregants. Those with a critical clerical perspective (31 percent) are also skeptical of science, yet these clergy frequently discuss science with their congregants. We also find that these latent classes cut across religious traditions and political ideologies and are associated with clergy's social views and political participation. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings in light of religious leaders’ roles in their congregations and communities.
A typology of denominal verb formation strategies
Authors: Mattiola Simone , Sansò Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article aims to fill a gap in the typological literature by discussing the typology of overt denominal verb formation strategies, that is, morphosyntactic strategies other than conversion/zero‐derivation that are used to derive a verb from a nominal base. We analyse the morphological, syntactic and semantic properties of these strategies in a variety sample of 222 languages. These properties include the morphological status, the productivity, and the semantic effects of the overt verbaliser, as well as the features of the nominal base and the polysemy patterns that characterise verbalisers across languages. The typological survey is complemented by a section on the diachronic typology of overt denominal verb formation strategies, in which we identify the most common diachronic sources of overt verbalisers and discuss the diachronic dynamics that involve them in relation to other denominal verb formation strategies such as conversion/zero‐derivation.
Transformer‐based framework for accurate segmentation of high‐resolution images in structural health monitoring
Authors: Azimi M. , Yang T. Y. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHigh‐resolution image segmentation is essential in structural health monitoring (SHM), enabling accurate detection and quantification of structural components and damages. However, conventional convolutional neural network‐based segmentation methods face limitations in real‐world deployment, particularly when handling high‐resolution images producing low‐resolution outputs. This study introduces a novel framework named Refined‐Segment Anything Model (R‐SAM) to overcome such challenges. R‐SAM leverages the state‐of‐the‐art zero‐shot SAM to generate unlabeled segmentation masks, subsequently employing the DEtection Transformer model to label the instances. The key feature and contribution of the R‐SAM is its refinement module, which improves the accuracy of masks generated by SAM without the need for extensive data annotations and fine‐tuning. The effectiveness of the proposed framework was assessed through qualitative and quantitative analyses across diverse case studies, including multiclass segmentation, simultaneous segmentation and tracking, and 3D reconstruction. The results demonstrate that R‐SAM outperforms state‐of‐the‐art convolution neural network‐based segmentation models with a mean intersection‐over‐union of 97% and a mean boundary accuracy of 87%. In addition, achieving high coefficients of determination in target‐free tracking case studies highlights its versatility in addressing various challenges in SHM.
Carbon budget at the individual‐tree scale: dominant Eucalyptus trees partition less carbon belowground
Authors: Fernandez‐Tschieder Ezequiel , Marshall John D. , Binkley Dan 
Published: April 2024

Summary

Large trees in plantations generally produce more wood per unit of resource use than small trees. Two processes may account for this pattern: greater photosynthetic resource use efficiency or greater partitioning of carbon to wood production.

We estimated gross primary production (GPP) at the individual scale by combining transpiration with photosynthetic water‐use efficiency of Eucalyptus trees. Aboveground production fluxes were estimated using allometric equations and modeled respiration; total belowground carbon fluxes (TBCF) were estimated by subtracting aboveground fluxes from GPP. Partitioning was estimated by dividing component fluxes by GPP.

Dominant trees produced almost three times as much wood as suppressed trees. They used 25 ± 10% (mean ± SD) of their photosynthates for wood production, whereas suppressed trees only used 12 ± 2%. By contrast, dominant trees used 27 ± 19% of their photosynthate belowground, whereas suppressed trees used 58 ± 5%. Intermediate trees lay between these extremes. Photosynthetic water‐use efficiency of dominant trees was c. 13% greater than the efficiency of suppressed trees.

Suppressed trees used more than twice as much of their photosynthate belowground and less than half as much aboveground compared with dominant trees. Differences in carbon partitioning were much greater than differences in GPP or photosynthetic water‐use efficiency.
Negative allometry of leaf xylem conduit diameter and double‐wall thickness: implications for implosion safety
Authors: Matos Ilaine Silveira , McDonough Samantha , Johnson Breanna Carrillo , Kalantar Diana , Rohde James , Sahu Roshni , Wang Joyce , Fontao Adrian , To Jason , Carlos Sonoma , Garcia Lisa , Boakye Mickey , Forbes Holly , Blonder Benjamin Wong 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Xylem conduits have lignified walls to resist crushing pressures. The thicker the double‐wall (T) relative to its diameter (D), the greater the implosion safety. Having safer conduits may incur higher costs and reduced flow, while having less resistant xylem may lead to catastrophic collapse under drought. Although recent studies have shown that conduit implosion commonly occurs in leaves, little is known about how leaf xylem scales T vs D to trade off safety, flow efficiency, mechanical support, and cost.
We measured T and D in > 7000 conduits of 122 species to investigate how T vs D scaling varies across clades, habitats, growth forms, leaf, and vein sizes.
As conduits become wider, their double‐cell walls become proportionally thinner, resulting in a negative allometry between T and D. That is, narrower conduits, which are usually subjected to more negative pressures, are proportionally safer than wider ones. Higher implosion safety (i.e. higher T/D ratios) was found in asterids, arid habitats, shrubs, small leaves, and minor veins.
Despite the strong allometry, implosion safety does not clearly trade off with other measured leaf functions, suggesting that implosion safety at whole‐leaf level cannot be easily predicted solely by individual conduits' anatomy.
Out with the old: Single center experience with transvenous extraction of leads older than 15 years
Authors: Phan Francis , Sanghai Saket , Sandhu Uday , Verdick Chris , Krebsbach Angela , Bhamidipati Castigliano M. , Tibayan Frederick A. , Jessel Peter , Henrikson Charles A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLead dwell time is the single strongest predictor of failure and complications in transvenous lead extraction.ObjectivesTo report the success rate and complications of transvenous lead extractions with implant dwell time of at least 15 years.MethodsProcedural and patient data were prospectively collected into a database. The excimer laser was the primary method for lead extraction with the use of mechanical rotational sheaths and femoral snares at operator discretion.ResultsA total of 442 patients between 2011 and 2020 underwent lead extraction (705 leads) primarily for infection or device failure at our high‐volume center. Forty‐one patients with 71 leads > 15 years old were included in this cohort. Mean patient age was 53.5 ± 18.5 years, 67.5% were male. Mean lead dwell time was 19.6 ± 4.4 years. Thirty‐six of 41 (88%) patients had successful extraction of all leads compared to 96% in the remaining 401 patients, p value.004. Of the five patients without fully successful extractions two of these patients had abandoned leads (three total) that were clinically significant. There were two (4.9%) major complications in the very old lead group and six (1.5%) in the other group. In the very old lead group, one patient experienced right atrial appendage perforation requiring surgical repair and recovered well. One patient experienced new complete heart block requiring 2 min of CPR but did well thereafter. There was no procedure‐related mortality.ConclusionsDespite challenges posed by older leads, very old leads can be safely and effectively extracted with low complication rates.
The role of acquired host immunity in periodontal diseases
Authors: Kinane Denis F. , Lappin David F. , Culshaw Shauna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe aim of this narrative review is to relate the contribution of European researchers to the complex topic of the host immune system in periodontal disease, focusing on acquired immunity. Other chapters in this volume will address the genetics and autoantibody responses and other forms of immunity to periodontal disease. While the contribution of European authors is the focus, global literature is included in this descriptive narrative for contextual clarity, albeit many with European co‐authors. The topic is relatively intense and is thus broken down into sections outlined below, tackled as descriptive narratives to enhance understanding. Any attempt at a systematic or scoping review was quickly abandoned given the descriptive nature and marked variation of approach in almost all publications. Even the most uniform area of this acquired periodontal immunology literature, antibody responses to putative pathogens in periodontal diseases, falls short of common structures and common primary outcome variables one would need and expect in clinical studies, where randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) abound. Addressing ‘the host's role’ in immunity immediately requires a discussion of host susceptibility, which necessitates consideration of genetic studies (covered elsewhere in the volume and superficially covered here).