bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structures, magnetic properties, and electronic counting rule of metals‐encapsulated cage‐like M2 Si18 (M = Ti‐Zn) clusters
Authors: Ji Weixiao , Luo Chenglin 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe geometries, magnetic properties and stabilities of the transition metal (TM) atoms encapsulated M2Si18 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) clusters have been systematically calculated by using the density function theory with generalized gradient approximation. Only when the doping metal atom has no more than half‐full d electronic shell, a double hexagonal prism cage‐like M2Si18 structure could form. The total moments of M2Si18 are either 0 or 2μB. Co2Si18 is the most stable cluster among all 3d doped M2Si18 clusters. The model of shell closure at the TM atom may be helpful to understand the stability of M2Si18 clusters. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
How to Avoid Postoperative Liver Failure: A Novel Method
Authors: de Santibañes Eduardo , Alvarez Fernando A. , Ardiles Victoria 
Published: November 2011

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative liver failure (PLF) is the most feared and severe complication after extensive liver resections.MethodsWe present an innovative surgical technique that has been employed for the treatment of three patients (two with multiple colorectal liver metastases and one with hilar cholangiocarcinoma) whose livers were previously considered locally unresectable because of an insufficient future liver remnant (FLR). In‐situ liver transection with right portal vein ligation was implemented.ResultsSix days after surgery a volumetric computed tomography (CT)‐scan showed 40–80% hypertrophy of the FLR. The patients then underwent a completion surgery with right hepatectomy or right trisectionectomy. None of the patients developed PLF during a mean hospital stay of 16 days. After a mean follow‐up of two months, the three of them are free of disease.ConclusionsThis technique induced rapid growth of the FLR, greater than that reported with portal vein occlusion alone. It represents a promising advance in oncological liver surgery that readdresses the current management of patients with primarily unresectable liver disease. Such a revolutionary strategy allows a two‐stage surgical approach during a single hospital stay and without PLF. However, further research is needed to determine the long‐term outcomes of this technique and to explain the occurrence of such enhanced liver regeneration.
Effects of inbreeding on life history and thermal performance in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana
Authors: Dierks Anneke , Hoffmann Bianca , Bauerfeind Stephanie S. , Fischer Klaus 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHuman‐induced loss and fragmentation of natural habitats reduces population size and thereby presumably genetic diversity through inbreeding or genetic drift. Additionally, many species are confronted with increased temperature stress due to climate change, with reduced genetic diversity potentially interfering with a species’ ability to cope with such conditions. While in general the detrimental impact of inbreeding has often been documented, its consequences for the ability to cope with temperature stress are still poorly understood. Against this background we here investigate the effects of inbreeding on egg hatching success, development and temperature stress tolerance in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Specifically we test for an increased sensitivity to environmental stress in inbred individuals. Our results revealed that even comparatively low levels of inbreeding yield negative consequences for reproduction and development under beneficial conditions. Inbreeding also reduced cold tolerance in adult butterflies, while heat tolerance remained unaffected. We therefore conclude that acute stress tolerance may not be generally impaired by inbreeding.
Regeneration of native vascular plants facilitated by Ischaemum aristatum var. glaucum tussocks: an experimental demonstration
Authors: Wang Zhe , Nishihiro Jun , Washitani Izumi 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFacilitation of a perennial tussock grass, Ischaemum aristatum var. glaucum, was hypothesized to be the provision of germination safe sites against inundation. We conducted field census and seed addition experiments to test this hypothesis. Facilitation effects of I. aristatum var. glaucum tussocks were obvious; in contrast to 280 seedlings/m2 of ten native species observed on tussocks, seedlings hardly emerged on bare ground, even after seed addition. Although effects of moss occurrence at tussocks were not significant on the total number or species richness of emerged seedlings, significantly positive effects were observed on the seedling survival of some species, including endangered species. Conservation of facilitators will efficiently ensure the regeneration success of native vascular plants.
Tissue Distribution of α‐ and γ‐Tocotrienol and γ‐Tocopherol in Rats and Interference with Their Accumulation by α‐Tocopherol
Authors: Uchida Tomono , Abe Chisato , Nomura Saki , Ichikawa Tomio , Ikeda Saiko 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate tissue distribution of vitamin E isoforms such as α‐ and γ‐tocotrienol and γ‐tocopherol and interference with their tissue accumulation by α‐tocopherol. Rats were fed a diet containing a tocotrienol mixture or γ‐tocopherol with or without α‐tocopherol, or were administered by gavage an emulsion containing tocotrienol mixture or γ‐tocopherol with or without α‐tocopherol. There were high levels of α‐tocotrienol in the adipose tissue and adrenal gland, γ‐tocotrienol in the adipose tissue, and γ‐tocopherol in the adrenal gland of rats fed tocotrienol mixture or γ‐tocopherol for 7 weeks. Dietary α‐tocopherol decreased the α‐tocotrienol and γ‐tocopherol but not γ‐tocotrienol concentrations in tissues. In the oral administration study, both tocopherol and tocotrienol quickly accumulated in the adrenal gland; however, their accumulation in adipose tissue was slow. In contrast to the dietary intake, α‐tocopherol, which has the highest affinity for α‐tocopherol transfer protein (αTTP), inhibited uptake of γ‐tocotrienol to tissues including adipose tissue after oral administration, suggesting that the affinities of tocopherol and tocotrienol for αTTP in the liver were the critical determinants of their uptake to peripheral tissues. Vitamin E deficiency for 4 weeks depleted tocopherol and tocotrienol stores in the liver but not in adipose tissue. These results indicate that dietary vitamin E slowly accumulates in adipose tissue but the levels are kept without degradation. The property of adipose tissue as vitamin E store causes adipose tissue‐specific accumulation of dietary tocotrienol.
Physicochemical Properties of Red Salmon Oil (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Microencapsulated Red Salmon Oil Added to Baby Food
Authors: Wan Yuting , Li Juan , Solval Kevin Mis , Stine Jesse J. , Bechtel Peter J. , Sathivel Subramaniam 
Published: November 2011

AbstractUnpurified red salmon oil (UPSO) was processed to obtain purified salmon oil (PSO) by chitosan adsorption. Both unpurified and purified oils were evaluated for peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids (FFA), fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), moisture, and color. An emulsion system containing PSO (EPSO) was prepared; the system was analyzed for color, rheological properties and microstructure before spray drying to produce microencapsulated PSO (MPSO). MPSO was analyzed for moisture, water activity, bulk density, color and FAME composition. PSO or MPSO was added to a commercial baby‐food product (CB) and all baby‐food samples were compared for PV, FFAs, FAME, and color. Experiments were completed in triplicate and data statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). PSO had higher percentages of total omega‐3, total monounsaturated DHA, and EPA than MPSO. EPSO exhibited viscoelastic characteristic and the droplet size of EPSO was 1–9 μm. Total omega‐3 and total monounsaturated contents of the MPSO were lower than PSO. All baby‐food samples with added fish oils had similar color. DHA and EPA contents of baby food were increased over three fold by the addition of PSO and/or MPSO. MPSO can be added to CB resulting in increasing total percent omega‐3 fatty acids while maintaining desirable attributes of the CB.
Resolving the contributions of the membrane-bound and periplasmic nitrate reductase systems to nitric oxide and nitrous oxide production in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Rowley Gary , Hensen Daniela , Felgate Heather , Arkenberg Anke , Appia-Ayme Corinne , Prior Karen , Harrington Carl , Field Sarah J. , Butt Julea N. , Baggs Elizabeth , Richardson David J. 
Published: November 2011

The production of cytotoxic nitric oxide (NO) and conversion into the neuropharmacological agent and potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is linked with anoxic nitrate catabolism by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Salmonella can synthesize two types of nitrate reductase: a membrane-bound form (Nar) and a periplasmic form (Nap). Nitrate catabolism was studied under nitrate-rich and nitrate-limited conditions in chemostat cultures following transition from oxic to anoxic conditions. Intracellular NO production was reported qualitatively by assessing transcription of the NO-regulated genes encoding flavohaemoglobin (Hmp), flavorubredoxin (NorV) and hybrid cluster protein (Hcp). A more quantitative analysis of the extent of NO formation was gained by measuring production of N2O, the end-product of anoxic NO-detoxification. Under nitrate-rich conditions, the nar, nap, hmp, norV and hcp genes were all induced following transition from the oxic to anoxic state, and 20% of nitrate consumed in steady-state was released as N2O when nitrite had accumulated to millimolar levels. The kinetics of nitrate consumption, nitrite accumulation and N2O production were similar to those of wild-type in nitrate-sufficient cultures of a nap mutant. In contrast, in a narG mutant, the steady-state rate of N2O production was ~30-fold lower than that of the wild-type. Under nitrate-limited conditions, nap, but not nar, was up-regulated following transition from oxic to anoxic metabolism and very little N2O production was observed. Thus a combination of nitrate-sufficiency, nitrite accumulation and an active Nar-type nitrate reductase leads to NO and thence N2O production, and this can account for up to 20% of the nitrate catabolized.
Effect of a telemonitoring‐facilitated collaboration between general practitioner and heart failure clinic on mortality and rehospitalization rates in severe heart failure: the TEMA‐HF 1 (TElemonitoring in the MAnagement of Heart Failure) study
Authors: Dendale Paul , De Keulenaer Gilles , Troisfontaines Pierre , Weytjens Caroline , Mullens Wilfried , Elegeert Ivan , Ector Bavo , Houbrechts Marita , Willekens Koen , Hansen Dominique 
Published: November 2011

AimsChronic heart failure (CHF) patients are frequently rehospitalized within 6 months after an episode of fluid retention. Rehospitalizations are preventable, but this requires an extensive organization of the healthcare system. In this study, we tested whether intensive follow‐up of patients through a telemonitoring‐facilitated collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and a heart failure clinic could reduce mortality and rehospitalization rate.Methods and resultsOne hunderd and sixty CHF patients [mean age 76 ± 10 years, 104 males, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 35 ± 15%] were block randomized by sealed envelopes and assigned to 6 months of intense follow‐up facilitated by telemonitoring (TM) or usual care (UC). The TM group measured body weight, blood pressure, and heart rate on a daily basis with electronic devices that transferred the data automatically to an online database. Email alerts were sent to the GP and heart failure clinic to intervene when pre‐defined limits were exceeded. All‐cause mortality was significantly lower in the TM group as compared with the UC group (5% vs. 17.5%, P = 0.01). The total number of follow‐up days lost to hospitalization, dialysis, or death was significantly lower in the TM group as compared with the UC group (13 vs. 30 days, P = 0.02). The number of hospitalizations for heart failure per patient showed a trend (0.24 vs. 0.42 hospitalizations/patient, P = 0.06) in favour of TM.ConclusionTelemonitoring‐facilitated collaboration between GPs and a heart failure clinic reduces mortality and number of days lost to hospitalization, death, or dialysis in CHF patients. These findings need confirmation in a large trial.Trial registation: ISRCTN39223875
Age verification of boarfish (Capros aper) in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Hüssy Karin , Coad Julie O. , Farrell Edward D. , Clausen Lotte A. W. , Clarke Maurice W. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHüssy, K., Coad, J. O., Farrell, E. D., Clausen, L. A. W., and Clarke, M. W. 2012. Age verification of boarfish (Capros aper) in the Northeast Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 34–40. The boarfish (Capros aper) is a pelagic species of recent interest to the fishing industry, with landings increasing by >500% over the past 3 years. The objective of the study was to provide a method for age determination based on whole sagittal otoliths, with the results to be used in stock assessment. Translucent zones laid down at regular intervals are identified by marginal increment analysis as seasonally recurring. Translucent zones are formed between September/October and March/April, regardless of fish age. The occurrence of the first annulus is validated by analysis of presumed daily growth increments. Subsequent annulus deposition is homogenous between individuals and allows general guidelines to be derived for interpreting the age of boarfish using their otoliths.
Multifrequency target strength of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) swimming horizontally
Authors: Calise Lucio , Knutsen Tor 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Calise, L., and Knutsen, T. 2012. Multifrequency target strength of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) swimming horizontally. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 119–130. Multifrequency acoustic measurements on ex situ horizontally swimming krill were made in a novel experimental setting. An ensemble of northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica) was introduced to a large enclosure (a mesocosm), and acoustic backscatter was sampled using a multifrequency (70, 120, and 200 kHz) echosounder (Simrad EK60). Two submerged lamps were placed at opposite sides of the mesocosm and switched on and off to induce the krill, by light attraction, to swim horizontally through the acoustic beams. By tracking echoes, animal displacement, swimming speed, and target strength (TS) by frequency were estimated. The dominant and secondary modes of the total-length distribution were 21.8 ± 3.0 and 27.8 ± 2.7 mm, respectively. Although krill orientation was assumed stable and the ping rate was high, the range and inter-ping variability of the average TS values were large, decreasing and increasing with frequency, respectively. The overall TS frequency response observed and concurrent measurements at 120 and 200 kHz confirm the theoretical expectation that the acoustic backscatter from the investigated organisms were confined to the Rayleigh and Geometric scattering regions, a finding that might both aid acoustic identification and size-group separation of in situ northern krill.
First Report of Turnip mosaic virus in Tomatillo (Physalis philadelphica) in California
Authors: Liu H.-Y. , Koike S. T. , Xu D. , Li R. 
Published: November 2011

Tomatillo is an important vegetable in Mexican cuisine. It is of Mesoamerica origin and now is grown widely in the Western Hemisphere. In 2011, 2% of commercially grown tomatillo plants in San Benito County, California exhibited severe stunting with foliage showing mosaic symptoms and leaf distortion. The fruits on infected plants were mottled and unmarketable. Flexuous filamentous-shaped virus particles of 800 to 850 nm long and 11 to 12 nm wide were observed from sap of the symptomatic plants with a transmission electron microscope. Sap from the diseased tomatillo plants reacted positively in an immunostrip assay for potyvirus (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN), indicating a potyvirus was associated with the disease. The causal agent was mechanically transmitted from the diseased field plants to six virus-free greenhouse tomatillo plants and all inoculated plants induced identical symptoms. The causal agent was also transmitted to Chenopodium quinoa and C. murale (chlorotic local lesions) and Nicotiana clevelandii, N. tabacum, and Physalis wrightii (systemic symptoms). The disease was also transmitted to tomatillo plants by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) in a nonpersistent manner (1-min acquisition access period and 1-min transmission access period with no latent period). To further identify the causal agent, total nucleic acids were extracted by a cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) method (2) and tested by reverse transcription-PCR using potyvirus degenerate primers CIFor and CIRev (1). An amplicon of approximately 700 bp from the diseased tomatillo was cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the 631-bp partial CI sequence (GenBank Accession No. JN601884) showed that the virus had 93.6% nucleotide identity and 100% amino acid identity with cognate regions of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) (GenBank Accession No. D10927). Our results indicated that the disease was caused by TuMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TuMV in tomatillo. Since TuMV has a wide host range and is readily transmitted by green peach aphids, TuMV could be a new threat to tomatillo production in California. References: (1) C. Ha et al. Arch. Virol. 153:25, 2008. (2) R. Li et al. J. Virol. Methods 154:48, 2008.
PPAD: A tool for presumption of atopic dermatitis
Authors: MISERY Laurent , ORTONNE Jean‐Paul , CAMBAZARD Frédéric , GUILLET Gérard , THOMAS Luc , LORETTE Gérard , DUROSIER Vincent , RAHHALI Nora , AUGES Marie , TAIEB Charles 
Published: November 2011

AbstractAlthough it is a frequent disease, atopic dermatitis is poorly recognised and therefore under‐diagnosed. The aim of this study was to define and validate a convenient tool allowing presumption of atopic dermatitis for non‐dermatologists. A 20‐item questionnaire (PPAD) and an 8‐item short version (PPAD‐S) were developed in French by a board of experts, then tested on outpatients presenting with atopic dermatitis or not. Diagnosis was confirmed by a dermatologist, who measured the severity of the disease by using SCORAD. PPAD and PPAD‐S proved to be efficient tools for presumption of atopic dermatitis, but not tools for diagnosis. Scores were correlated to the severity of the disease. PPAD and PPAD‐S can be considered useful tools for orientating patients with undiagnosed atopic dermatitis to a specialised consultation, all the more quickly since atopic dermatitis is severe.
Topical tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of lichen sclerosus, comparing genital and extragenital involvement
Authors: KIM Gun‐Wook , PARK Hyun‐Je , KIM Hoon‐Soo , KIM Su‐Han , KO Hyun‐Chang , KIM Byung‐Soo , KIM Moon‐Bum 
Published: November 2011

AbstractLichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis presenting with significant sclerosis, atrophy and pruritus. The treatment for this condition remains unsatisfactory, with potent corticosteroids being the most effective therapy. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment in patients with genital and extragenital lichen sclerosus. Sixteen patients with active lichen sclerosus (10 with anogenital and six with extragenital localization) were treated with topical tacrolimus ointment twice daily. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to 3 grades: complete response (>75% improvement), partial response (25–75% improvement), or no response (<25% improvement). Applications were continued until complete disappearance or stabilization of the cutaneous lesions. In addition, we conducted telephone surveys to determine the long‐term treatment outcome and relapse rate. Objective response to therapy occurred in nine of 10 patients (90%) with anogenital and one of six patients (16.7%) with extragenital lesions. Out of 10 patients with anogenital lichen sclerosus, five showed more than 75% improvement. Complete, partial and no response were achieved in five (50%), four (40%) and one (10%) patient, respectively. During the follow‐up period of a mean of 29.3 months, six of nine patients had a relapse of symptoms. However, most patients with extragenital involvement did not respond to tacrolimus, except one patient showing partial response. No significant adverse effects were observed. Topical tacrolimus ointment was a safe and effective treatment for genital lichen sclerosus and should be used for long‐term duration to prevent relapse. However, it was not useful for patients with extragenital lichen sclerosus.
Secretomics identifies Fusarium graminearum proteins involved in the interaction with barley and wheat
Authors: YANG FEN , JENSEN JENS D. , SVENSSON BIRTE , JØRGENSEN HANS J. L. , COLLINGE DAVID B. , FINNIE CHRISTINE 
Published: November 2011

SUMMARYFusarium graminearum is a phytopathogenic fungus primarily infecting small grain cereals, including barley and wheat. Secreted enzymes play important roles in the pathogenicity of many fungi. In order to access the secretome of F. graminearum, the fungus was grown in liquid culture with barley or wheat flour as the sole nutrient source to mimic the host–pathogen interaction. A gel‐based proteomics approach was employed to identify the proteins secreted into the culture medium. Sixty‐nine unique fungal proteins were identified in 154 protein spots, including enzymes involved in the degradation of cell walls, starch and proteins. Of these proteins, 35% had not been identified in previous in planta or in vitro studies, 70% were predicted to contain signal peptides and a further 16% may be secreted in a nonclassical manner. Proteins identified in the 72 spots showing differential appearance between wheat and barley flour medium were mainly involved in fungal cell wall remodelling and the degradation of plant cell walls, starch and proteins. The in planta expression of corresponding F. graminearum genes was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction in barley and wheat spikelets harvested at 2−6 days after inoculation. In addition, a clear difference in the accumulation of fungal biomass and the extent of fungal‐induced proteolysis of plant β‐amylase was observed in barley and wheat. The present study considerably expands the current database of F. graminearum secreted proteins which may be involved in Fusarium head blight.