bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Autobahn Crises of 1963: The U.S. Military and the Last Major Cold War Showdowns over Berlin
Authors: Goldman David I. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
By mid-1963, the immediate threat to European security from the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961 had receded, but East-West tensions over the city remained high. Although some scholars such as Marc Trachtenberg have claimed that the Cuban missile crisis of October 1962 was followed by a lasting East-West détente in Europe, this article shows that the status of Berlin remained a Cold War flashpoint until well into 1963. The article highlights three of the military showdowns (the so-called Autobahn crises) that occurred in October and November 1963 over the transportation rules for U.S., British, and French access to West Berlin. The crises caused a good deal of friction, but their resolution ushered in a more peaceful time for Berlin and Europe as a whole.
3. ‘Pop’ Antisemitism and Deviant Communities
Authors: Chapelan Alexis 
Published: June 2024

Social media platforms and the interactive web have had a significant impact on political socialisation, creating new pathways of community-building that shifted the focus from real-life, localised networks (such as unions or neighbourhood associations) to vast, diffuse and globalised communities (Finin et al. 2008, Rainie and Wellman 2012, Olson 2014, Miller 2017). Celebrities or influencers are often focal nodes for the spread of information and opinions across these new types of networks in the digital space (see Hutchins and Tindall 2021). Unfortunately, this means that celebrities’ endorsement of extremist discourse or narratives can potently drive the dissemination and normalisation of hate ideologies.
This paper sets out to analyse the reaction of French social media audiences to antisemitism controversies involving pop culture celebrities. I will focus on two such episodes, one with a ‘national’ celebrity at its centre and the other a ‘global’ celebrity: the social media ban of the French-Cameroonian comedian Dieudonné M’bala M’bala in June–July 2020 and the controversy following US rapper Kanye West’s spate of antisemitic statements in October–November 2022. The empirical corpus comprises over 4,000 user comments on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter (now X). My methodological approach is two-pronged: a preliminary mapping of the text through content analysis is followed by a qualitative Critical Discourse Analysis that examines linguistic strategies and discursive constructions employed by social media users to legitimise antisemitic worldviews. We lay particular emphasis on the manner in which memes, dog-whistling or coded language (such as allusions or inside jokes popular within certain communities or fandoms) are used not only to convey antisemitic meaning covertly but also to build a specific form of counter-cultural solidarity. This solidarity expresses itself in the form of “ deviant communities” (see Proust et al. 2020) based on the performative and deliberate transgression of societal taboos and norms.
Multidecadal Changes of the Seasonal Potential Predictability of Winter PNA and Associated Circulation Anomalies
Authors: Yan Xiaoqin , Yao Wangjie , Tang Youmin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Utilizing ensemble hindcast data from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) spanning the years 1900–2014, the multidecadal changes in the seasonal potential predictability of the winter Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern and associated circulation anomalies have been investigated by using an information-based metric of relative entropy and the method of the most predictable component analysis. Results show that the seasonal potential predictability of winter PNA has significant multidecadal changes, with values much higher at the two ends of the twentieth century and much lower in between particularly in the 1930s and 1940s. The changes in the seasonal potential predictability of winter PNA are mostly reflected by the temporal evolutions of PNA rather than the location changes of active centers. Further, the changes are mostly contributed by the external forcing of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related sea surface temperature anomalies in tropical central and eastern Pacific. In particular, the combined effects of lower amplitudes, reduced persistence, and a more eastward shift in warming centers lead to the reduced seasonal potential predictability of PNA and associated circulation changes in the 1930s and 1940s.

Significance Statement
Seasonal prediction of the winter Pacific–North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern and associated circulation anomalies is very important due to its profound climate impacts. Understanding the multidecadal fluctuations and its driving sources of the potential predictability of winter PNA and associated circulation anomalies are meaningful for skillful seasonal prediction of winter PNA and circulation anomalies as well as related climate variations. This study for the first time shows that the multidecadal fluctuations of the potential predictability of winter PNA are quite significant and the changes are mostly reflected by its temporal evolutions rather than spatial shifts of active centers. Furthermore, this study shows that the strength, persistence, and warming center locations of ENSO-related sea surface temperatures in tropical Pacific play a crucial role on the multidecadal changes of the potential predictability of winter PNA and associated circulation anomalies.
Vibration analysis of anisogrid composite lattice sandwich truncated conical shells: Theoretical and experimental approaches
Authors: Rahnama Malihe , Hamzeloo S Reza , Morad Sheikhi Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Drawing upon both theoretical and experimental methodologies, this study investigates the vibrational characteristics of lattice sandwich truncated conical shells featuring composite ribs made of carbon and E-glass fibers. Toward this aim, the equations of motion along with the corresponding boundary conditions of such sandwich shells are derived using classical Donnell’s shell theory and the smeared stiffness technique. Subsequently, the governing equations are solved to obtain a closed-form expression for natural frequencies employing the Galerkin method. In addition, ABAQUS simulations are presented to study the vibration behavior of single-skin and three-skin conical shells. To validate the theoretical methods, the specimens of three-layer sandwich conical shells were fabricated from two Kevlar fabric laminates and a composite lattice core with hexagonal cells using a manual filament winding process. The composite ribs consist of carbon and E-glass fibers with a ratio of 3:1. Finally, experimental modal tests were conducted to extract natural frequencies and mode shapes by measuring frequency responses at 40 points over a duration of 60 s using a laser vibrometer. A strong correspondence is observed between the theoretical outcomes (utilizing the Galerkin and FE methods) and the experimental findings (with a maximum discrepancy of approximately 16% for the initial four mode shapes). Findings indicate that the excellent performance of the composite lattice core in vibration behavior, which can increase approximately 19% and 16% the natural frequencies corresponding to the first and second mode shapes, respectively.
Calcium and vitamin D supplements and burnout of anesthesiologists: National cross-sectional study from China
Authors: Zhang Fu , Tang Tianying , Liu Jian , Wang Wei , Wang Yifan , Yan Yangtian , Liu Jiaming , Liu Huamin 
Published: June 2024

Objective Job burnout among anesthesiologists has been consistently high. This study evaluated the association of calcium and vitamin D supplementation with burnout among Chinese anesthesiologists. Method A cross-sectional online survey was conducted during April and May 2023. Burnout was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which assesses emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. Data on calcium and vitamin D supplementations were self-reported. Sociodemographic information and medical history were also assessed. Binary and ordinal logistic regression were used to evaluate the risk of burnout and burnout levels, respectively. The relative excess risk due to interaction and the attributable proportion due to interaction were examined to determine the synergistic effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementations on burnout risk. Results Among the 4222 invited anesthesiologists, 3766 submitted eligible questionnaires. Approximately 49.8% met the criteria for general burnout. Among anesthesiologists with burnout, 58.4% experienced emotional exhaustion, 35.8% depersonalization, and 61.2% low personal accomplishment. Anesthesiologists receiving calcium supplementation had a decreased risk of emotional exhaustion (OR = .83, 95% CI = .70-.99). Supplementation of vitamin D with or without calcium was not associated with overall burnout and any of its dimensions. No additive interaction of calcium and vitamin D on burnout was observed. Conclusions Job burnout among anesthesiologists is of concern in China. Burnout is negatively associated with calcium supplementation but not with vitamin D. Further research is warranted to confirm the mechanism and causal relationship.
Effects of stress-related neuromodulators on amygdala and hippocampus resting state functional connectivity
Authors: Rosada Catarina , Lipka Renée , Metz Sophie , Otte Christian , Heekeren Hauke , Wingenfeld Katja 
Published: June 2024

Background: The human stress response is characterized by increases in neuromodulators, including norepinephrine (NE) and cortisol. Both neuromodulators can enter the brain and affect neurofunctional responses. Two brain areas associated with stress are the amygdala and the hippocampus. The precise influence of NE and cortisol on the amygdala and hippocampal resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) is poorly understood. Aims: To investigate the influence of NE and cortisol on the amygdala and hippocampal RSFC. Methods: We recruited 165 participants who received 10 mg yohimbine and/or 10 mg hydrocortisone in a randomized, placebo-controlled design. With seed-based analyses, we compared RSFC of the hippocampus and amygdala separately between the three groups that received medication versus placebo. Results: We found no differences between yohimbine and placebo condition or between hydrocortisone and placebo condition regarding amygdala or hippocampal FC. Compared with placebo, the yohimbine/hydrocortisone condition showed increased amygdala and hippocampal RSFC with the cerebellum. Also, they had increased hippocampal RSFC with the amygdala and cerebral white matter. Discussion: The group with elevated NE and cortisol showed significantly increased RSFC between the amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum compared to placebo. These three brain areas are involved in associative learning and emotional memory, suggesting a critical role for this network in the human stress response. Our results show that NE and cortisol together may influence the strength of this association. Compared to placebo, we found no differences in the groups receiving only one medication, suggesting that increasing one neuromodulator alone may not induce differences in neurofunctional responses. The study procedure has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT04359147).
3-Dimensional Bioprinting of a Tendon Stem Cell–Derived Exosomes Loaded Scaffold to Bridge the Unrepairable Massive Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Zhang Xuancheng , Wu Yuxu , Han Kang , Fang Zhaoyi , Cho Eunshinae , Hu Yihe , Huangfu Xiaoqiao , Zhao Jinzhong 
Published: June 2024

Background: Unrepairable massive rotator cuff tears (UMRCTs) are challenging to surgeons owing to the severely retracted rotator cuff musculotendinous tissues and extreme defects in the rotator cuff tendinous tissues. Purpose: To fabricate a tendon stem cell–derived exosomes loaded scaffold (TSC-Exos-S) and investigate its effects on cellular bioactivity in vitro and repair in a rabbit UMRCT model in vivo. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: TSC-Exos-S was fabricated by loading TSC-Exos and type 1 collagen (COL-I) into a 3-dimensional bioprinted and polycaprolactone (PCL)–based scaffold. The proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation activities of rabbit bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were evaluated in vitro by culturing them in saline, PCL-based scaffold (S), COL-I loaded scaffold (COL-I-S), and TSC-Exos-S. In vivo studies were conducted on a rabbit UMRCT model, where bridging was repaired with S, COL-I-S, TSC-Exos-S, and autologous fascia lata (FL). Histological and biomechanical analyses were performed at 8 and 16 weeks postoperatively. Results: TSC-Exos-S exhibited reliable mechanical strength and subcutaneous degradation, which did not occur before tissue regeneration. TSC-Exos-S significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and tenogenic differentiation of rabbit BMSCs in vitro. In vivo studies showed that UMRCT repaired with TSC-Exos-S exhibited significant signs of tendinous tissue regeneration at the bridging site with regard to specific collagen staining. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the histological and biomechanical properties compared with those repaired with autologous FL. Conclusion: TSC-Exos-S achieved tendinous tissue regeneration in UMRCT by providing mechanical support and promoting the trend toward tenogenic differentiation. Clinical Relevance: The present study proposes a potential strategy for repairing UMRCT with severely retracted musculotendinous tissues and large tendinous tissue defects.
Exploring the relationship between oxidative stress status and inflammatory markers during primary Sjögren’s syndrome: A new approach for patient monitoring
Authors: Benchabane Sarah , Sour Souad , Zidi Sourour , Hadjimi Zohra , Nabila Lyazidi , Acheli Dahbia , Bouzenad Amel , Belguendouz Houda , Touil-Boukoffa Chafia 
Published: June 2024

Introduction Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affects exocrine glands dysfunction. Oxidative stress (OS) is a phenomenon occurring as a result of an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and antioxidant defense system. Hence, we aimed to establish the status of OS and inflammatory response according to the pSS disease activity index. In this context, we investigated malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidant enzymes during pSS. The possible association between MDA and nitric oxide (NO) levels and between MDA and some pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-33). Methods The study has been conducted on 53 pSS patients. The antioxidant enzymes, represented by glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were estimated by a colorimetric activity kit. Whereas, MDA value was assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-33) and NO were respectively quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and the modified Griess. Results Interestingly, we report a notable reduction in our pSS patients’ antioxidant enzyme activity, while NO, MDA and proinflammatory cytokines values were significantly increased. pSS patients with higher disease activity had much stronger increases in NO and MDA levels. No significant difference was assessed in CRP level. Additionally, substantial significant correlations between plasmatic NO and MDA levels and between MDA, NO and IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α cytokines were reported. However, no significant association was found between NO, MDA and IL-33 concentrations. Conclusion Collectively, our data showed altered oxidant-antioxidant balance in pSS patients. MDA, NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α seem to be good indicators in monitoring disease activity. Oxidative stress was closely related to inflammation in pSS. Exploiting this relationship might provide valuable indicators in the follow-up and prognosis of pSS with a potential therapeutic value.
Policy Plans for the Long-Run Sustainable Industrialization Process in Jammu and Kashmir India A Post-2018 Trajectory Setting-Up
Authors: Majeed Mehak 
Published: June 2024

Since the dawn of the first industrial revolution, the global community has borne witness to the manifold advantages of industrialization. Encouraged by the resounding success of this transformative journey, nations worldwide have ardently aspired to expedite their own industrialization endeavours. The region of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) embarked on a parallel trajectory in the early 1950s, sharing India’s zealous commitment to industrial advancement. However, this shared vision was beset by a complex interplay of political, social, and economic factors that thwarted the realization of their set objectives. A significant policy reform in 2019 marked a turning point, setting the stage for a new chapter in J&K’s industrialization narrative. The present study serves as a retrospective analysis of the industrialization process in J&K up to 2018. It serves to corroborate findings derived from firm-level data, illuminating the intricacies of existing loopholes and challenges that have hindered the sustainable growth of industrialization in the region. The primary aim of this study is to inform and enable pertinent, evidence-based policy interventions, fostering the establishment of a resilient industrialization process in post-2018 J&K. This endeavour seeks to realize an unwavering commitment to sustainable development, where progress knows no bounds. JEL Classification: D04, D22, O14
Unraveling the Pharmacological Intricacies of Kurarinone in Osteoporosis: Insights from a Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Xiong Zhongyu , Yang Huawen 
Published: June 2024

Background Kurarinone, a compound derived from Sophora flavescens, has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory properties, as well as its potential in treating autoimmune encephalomyelitis and inflammation-related musculoskeletal diseases. However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which Kurarinone affects osteoporosis are still not fully understood. Objectives To explore the potential pharmacological targets and molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Kurarinone on osteoporosis. Materials and Methods To confirm the impact of Kurarinone on osteoporosis, network pharmacology techniques were used to analyze the mechanisms of Kurarinone on osteoporosis. Molecular docking was performed to examine the binding of Kurarinone to key targets involved in osteoporosis. Then, we conducted TRAcP staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), and Western blot experiments to validate the results. Results Utilizing network pharmacology approaches coupled with docking analysis, our investigation revealed that Kurarinone was involved in the osteoclast differentiation and MAPK signaling pathways. According to in vitro experiments, Kurarinone was found to inhibit osteoclast formation through the p38/MAPK pathway. Conclusion This study suggests that Kurarinone may treat osteoporosis by inhibiting MAPK phosphorylation and inhibiting osteoclast formation.
Globalization and Employment Outcomes in the Southern African Customs Union: A De Jure and De Facto Analysis
Authors: de Jongh Jacques 
Published: June 2024

The primary objective of this study was to examine the impact of various dimensions of globalization on employment outcomes in the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) countries. A novel panel econometric approach was used, accounting for structural breaks, cross-sectional dependence, and heterogeneous slopes through cross-sectionally augmented panel-autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and dynamic common correlated effect (DCCE) estimation. The findings revealed that globalization, mainly through its economic and social dimensions, has induced additional employment capacity for the customs union. The prominence of de jure and de facto factors within this nexus was also confirmed. The results showed the benefits of foreign financial flows, tourism, technological knowledge spillovers, and trade facilitation in improving SACU labor market processes. Although the evidence here sheds light on the positive inducing effects, the presence of both adverse incorporation and skill-biased consequences was not discounted. Based on this, several recommendations are suggested. This includes the promotion of regional trade and greater integration within the wider sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), an industrial policy shift that promotes a more information and communication technology (ICT)-driven economy, developing industries without smokestacks (IWOSS), establishing sound regional institutions, and prioritizing export diversification, especially among the smaller states in the customs union. JEL Classification F63, F66, J2, R1
The Importance of Providing Training to Informal Caregivers of Hospice Patients: Caregiver Experience With Hospice Care Based on Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers & Systems Surveys
Authors: Videon Tami M. , Rosati Robert J. , Finn Stephanie 
Published: June 2024

Background Informal caregivers aid hospice patients at the end of life. Little is known of their preparation and confidence in providing care, and how this relates to experiences of hospice care. Objective Examine factors associated with informal caregivers’ rating of home hospice care. Methods Data come from 828 completed CAHPS® surveys mailed between January 2022 and December 2023 from a single non-profit Hospice organization. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the independent influence of various aspects of hospice care on ratings of hospice. Results Nine of every 10 respondents rated hospice care high (9 or 10). Most aspects of hospice care were rated favorably. Nearly all respondents felt the patient was treated with dignity and respect (96%). The measure with the greatest room for improvement was getting help as soon as needed (82% “always”). Multivariate analyses revealed 6 factors that independently predicted overall rating of hospice care. The strongest predictor was always getting help as soon as needed, followed by believing the hospice team cared about the patient. Three measures of caregiver training were significantly associated with higher ratings of hospice care being trained to: safely move the patient, what to do if patient became restless, and on pain medications. Conclusions When informal caregivers feel trained to assess and manage the symptoms, they rate hospice care more favorably. Greater attention to informal caregiver training and support are imperative to improving hospice care.
A nonlinear energy sink for tremor suppression using shape memory alloys
Authors: Jafarpour Mahalleh Abbas , Zakerzadeh Mohammadreza 
Published: June 2024

A passive vibration absorber is proposed to mitigate tremors induced by Parkinson’s disease or essential tremor to replace costly and invasive alternatives. The proposed device is a wristband that, instead of classic spring–damper pairs, incorporates a shape memory alloy spring that acts as a nonlinear energy sink due to its hysteretic behavior. The mathematical models for the SMA spring and the patient’s forearm and hand are developed. To demonstrate the superiority of the SMA absorber, the proposed absorber’s performance is compared to a classic viscous absorber and also tested under unexpected harmonic forces. The simulations were performed in two parts. The first part used harmonic excitations as tremors to optimize SMA and viscous absorbers. The results indicated a 91% and 92% reduction in forearm and wrist tremors by the SMA absorber. The second part used real-world tremor data to compare the absorbers. Simulation results indicated that the viscous absorber reduces tremor power to an average of 55% in the 3–25 Hz range. In comparison, the SMA absorber has an average 92% tremor PSD reduction in the said range, which is significantly higher than the viscous absorber.