bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of newly produced B and T lymphocytes in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
Authors: Motta Marina , Chiarini Marco , Ghidini Claudia , Zanotti Cinzia , Lamorgese Cinzia , Caimi Luigi , Rossi Giuseppe , Imberti Luisa 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe immune defects occurring in chronic lymphocytic leukemia are responsible for the frequent occurrence of infections and autoimmune phenomena, and may be involved in the initiation and maintenance of the malignant clone. Here, we evaluated the quantitative defects of newly produced B and T lymphocytes.MethodsThe output of B and T lymphocytes from the production and maturation sites was analyzed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and healthy controls by quantifying kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) and T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) by a Real-Time PCR assay that simultaneously detects both targets. T-lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by six-color flow cytometric analysis. Data comparison was performed by two-sided Mann-Whitney test.ResultsKRECs level was reduced in untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients studied at the very early stage of the disease, whereas the release of TRECs+cells was preserved. Furthermore, the observed increase of CD4+lymphocytes could be ascribed to the accumulation of CD4+cells with effector memory phenotype.ConclusionsThe decreased number of newly produced B lymphocytes in these patients is likely related to a homeostatic mechanism by which the immune system balances the abnormal B-cell expansion. This feature may precede the profound defect of humoral immunity characterizing the later stages of the disease.
Characterization of Highly Hardened Surface Layers on Austenitic Stainless Steels
Authors: Ubertalli G. , Mortarino G. M. M. , Firrao D. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The highly hardened surface layers obtained from a TiN-physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating and a treatment that leads to a surface carbon enrichment, applied to American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 304, 316, and 316L stainless steels, have been characterized. The metallographic analyses have revealed a depth of about 2.5 μm for the TiN-PVD treatment (1150 HV) and of between 30 and 40 μm for the carbon enrichment (1000–1150 HV), depending on the steel composition. The molybdenum enhancing carbon diffusion is also discussed. The X-ray diffraction analysis has shown an increase in the lattice parameter, subsequent to insertion of the carbon interstitial element, a reduced Fe5C2 Hägg carbide precipitation (mainly on AISI 304 samples), and high compressive stresses. The carbon profiles, obtained on carbon enriched samples through microprobe analysis, have been related to the HV profiles.
Security Solutions for Uplink- and Downlink-Traffic in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bohli Jens-Matthias , Hessler Alban , Ugus Osman , Westhoff Dirk 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
This article provides an overview about selected security and dependability solutions for wireless sensor networks. The proposed concepts have been recently developed in the European projects UbiSecSens, Sensei and WSAN4CIP. The main focus of this article is on securing convergecast traffic, securing multicast as well as aggregation providing in-network resilience for real-time wireless sensor networks. All the discussed solutions have in common that, besides an adequate security level, key design aspects are energy efficiency and a small memory footprint.
Dynamic Object Flow Analysis
Authors: Lienhard Adrian 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
The behavior of an object-oriented software system is notoriously hard to understand from the source code alone. The main reason is the large gap between the program´s static structure and its actual runtime behavior. Complementary to static analysis, dynamic analysis can help to close this gap by investigating the properties of a running program. The state of the art in dynamic analysis focuses on investigating runtime control flow and structures of object graphs, but a thorough analysis of how objects are passed through a system is missing. This article provides an overview of the thesis “Object Flow Analysis”, our approach to track object flow by explicitly representing object references and reference transfer. Object Flow Analysis provides an effective and original way of analyzing and runtime monitoring dependencies introduced by object aliasing. A key contribution of our work is that we advance the state of the art in “back-in-time debugging”.
Disziplin gegen Barbarei. Der westeuropäische Diskurs über die russländischen Militärsiedlungen (1810-1866)
Authors: Boden Ragna 
Published: November 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die Militärsiedlungen in den westlichen Regionen Russlands waren Teil des verspäteten russischen Modernisierungsprozesses. Dieses Experiment sollte den Staatsetat von den enormen Militärausgaben entlasten, indem ein neuer Typ des Siedlers geschaffen wurde: der Soldaten-Bauer. Angesichts des Zeitpunkts und der Dimensionen des Projekts mit bis zu 700.000 Siedlern war es kein Wunder, dass es in der europäischen Öffentlichkeit auf großes Interesse stieß. Es ist interessant zu sehen, wie Informationen über diese geschlossenen Gesellschaften in die Öffentlichkeit drangen und wie ausländische Beobachter sie beurteilten. Die Reaktionen waren vielfältig und auch gegensätzlich: während manche enthusiastisch darüber urteilten, prognostizierten andere, dass das Projekt nicht von langer Dauer sein würde, und eine dritte Fraktion erwartete ernste Konsequenzen für Russland selbst – in Form einer Revolution – oder für ganz Europa, für das das gigantische russische Militärpotential eine unberechenbare Gefahr darstellte. Der Diskurs über die Militärsiedlungen spiegelte daher beispielhaft die europäische Sicht auf Russland als eine neue Großmacht und enthielt auch Fragen zum Kulturtransfer.
Bioinformatics and Data Mining Studies in Oral Genomics and Proteomics: New Trends and Challenges
Authors: Giacomelli Luca , Covani Ugo 
Published: November 2010

Genomics and proteomics have promised to change the practice of dentistry and oral pathology, allowing the identification and the characterization of risk factors and therapeutic targets at a molecular level. However, mass-scale molecular genomics and proteomics suffer from some pitfalls: gene/protein expression are significant only if inserted in a detailed network of molecular pathways and gene/gene, gene/protein and protein/protein interactions.The proper analysis of these complex pictures requires the contribution of theoretical disciplines, like bioinformatics and data mining. In particular, data-mining of existing information could become a strong starting point to formulate new targeted hypotheses and to planad hocexperimentation.In this review, advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned disciplines and their potential in oral pathology are discussed. The leader gene approach is a new data mining algorithm, recently applied to some oral diseases and their correlation with systemic conditions. The preliminary results of the application of the leader gene approach to the correlation between periodontitis and heart ischemia at a molecular level are presented for the first time.
Clinical Results of 40 Consecutive Basal Thumb Prostheses and No CRPS Type I After Vitamin C Prophylaxis
Authors: Zollinger Paul E. , Ünal Halil , Ellis Maarten L. , Tuinebreijer Wim E. 
Published: November 2010

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I may occur as complication after any type of surgery for basal joint arthritis of the thumb. We investigated prospectively in an ongoing study our results after a fully standardized treatment with a total joint prosthesis under vitamin C prophylaxis.Patients with trapeziometacarpal arthritis stage II or III according to Dell, and no benefit from conservative treatment, were selected to undergo joint replacement with a semi-constrained hydroxyapatite coated prosthesis.First web opening and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for pain, activities of daily living (ADL) and satisfaction were taken pre and postoperatively. Vitamin C 500 mg daily was started two days prior to surgery during 50 days as prevention for CRPS. Post-operative treatment was functional.We performed 40 implantations for trapeziometacarpal arthritis in 34 patients (mean age 60.8 years; 27 females, 7 males) with a mean follow-up of 44 months. Operations were performed in day care under regional (or general) anesthesia.First web opening increased with 15.4 degrees and there was a significant improvement for pain, ADL and satisfaction as well (p = 0.000). Patient satisfaction was strongly associated with the amount of pain reduction. According to the Veldman and IASP criteria, there were no cases of CRPS.The overall complication rate for this procedure is high. Literature reports 5 cases of CRPS after 38 operations with the same implant (13%). We advise vitamin C as prophylaxis against CRPS in trapeziometacarpal joint replacement.
Linear salpingotomy with suturing by single incision laparoscopic surgery for tubal ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Kumakiri Jun , Kikuchi Iwaho , Kitade Mari , Matsuoka Shozo , Tokita Sachiko , Takeda Satoru 
Published: November 2010

AbstractWe investigated the feasibility of linear salpingotomy with suturing for ampullary tubal pregnancy via single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS). Three patients underwent SILS between April and May 2010 at our hospital due to ampullary tubal pregnancy. A multichannel port was inserted into the umbilicus via a 2.5‐cm incision to accommodate a 5‐mm flexible laparoscope and a disposable articulating forceps. The linearly incised Fallopian tube was intracorporeally sutured using an articulating suturing device dedicated to SILS. The mean surgical duration was 54 minutes. Tubal preservation by linear salpingotomy was accomplished for all patients without up‐conversion to conventional laparoscopy. Serum β‐hCG values of all patients immediately decreased and further medical treatment was unnecessary.
Mobile user profiles for Personal Networks: The MAGNET Beyond case
Authors: Patrikakis Ch. Z. , Nikolakopoulos I. G. , Voulodimos A. S. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIn this paper, a methodology for the definition and application of profiles for mobile devices is presented. The methodology, following the recommendations of ETSI, is used to present the definition of profiles capable of supporting Personal Networking capabilities. Furthermore, a case study for the development of a socializing service (‘Icebreaker’) is also presented. The service has just passed the early evaluation phase and proceeds to final implementation. To conclude with, this paper showcases several user interfaces already developed, as also some of their preliminary evaluation results obtained through the Wizard‐of‐Oz (WoZ) technique. The ideas described here constitute part of the work performed in the context of the European IST FP6 project MAGNET Beyond. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent pregnancy in Upper Egypt
Authors: Rasheed Salah , Abdelmonem Allam , Amin Magdy 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the reasons for adolescent pregnancy in Upper Egypt and to evaluate maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.MethodsAll primigravidae under 30 years of age who attended the labor/delivery ward at Sohag University Hospital, Sohag, Egypt, between December 31, 2005, and December 31, 2009, were invited to participate. Participants were allocated to the study group (up to 19 years of age at first pregnancy) or the control group (20–30 years of age at first pregnancy). Maternal, obstetric, fetal, and neonatal complications were compared between the groups, and adolescent participants completed a questionnaire to identify the reasons for pregnancy.ResultsIn total, 58.2% had married seeking motherhood. Rates of ectopic pregnancy, pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and cesarean were significantly higher among adolescents younger than 15 years of age; the risk then decreased steadily with age and became comparable to the control group after 16 years of age.ConclusionAdolescent pregnancy increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy, pre‐eclampsia, eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and cesarean among mothers up to 16 years of age. After 16 years of age, pregnancy is not associated with increased risk of obstetric or neonatal complications.
Why Are Derivative Warrants More Expensive Than Options? An Empirical Study
Authors: Li Gang , Zhang Chu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractDerivative warrants typically have higher prices than do otherwise identical options. Using data from the Hong Kong market during 2002–2007, we show that the price difference reflects the liquidity premium of derivative warrants over options. Newly issued derivative warrants are much more liquid than options with similar terms. As a result, long-term derivative warrants are preferred by traders who trade frequently. In spite of their higher prices, short-term returns on long-term derivative warrants are, in fact, higher than the hypothetical short-term returns on options. The differences in price and liquidity measures decline as the contracts get closer to maturity.
Clinical characteristics and audiological significance of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in tinnitus patients with normal hearing
Authors: Kim D-K , Park S-N , Park K-H , Choi H G , Jeon E-J , Park Y-S , Yeo S W 
Published: November 2010

AbstractObjective:To define the clinical and audiological features of normal-hearing tinnitus patients with spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, and to evaluate the role of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions in tinnitus generation.Materials and methods:Thirty-two patients with spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were compared with 29 patients without spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, regarding clinical and audiological aspects.Results:The mean age of the study group subjects was significantly lower, and they experienced the kindling effect less frequently than the control group. The mean tinnitus handicap inventory score of the study group was considerably higher than that of the controls, although the difference was not statistically significant. The study group had significantly quieter tinnitus, and higher transient evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emission responses, compared with the control group.Conclusions:Normal-hearing tinnitus patients with spontaneous otoacoustic emissions have different clinical and audiological characteristics, compared with those without spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. Appropriate evaluation and treatment should be considered at an early stage in these patients.
Predestination and Freedom in Augustine's Ethics
Authors: O'Daly Gerard 
Published: November 2010

In his great poemThe Wreck of the DeutschlandGerard Manley Hopkins evokes the conversions of Paul and Augustine as two contrasting examples of the way in which God may intervene in human affairs:With an anvil-dingAnd with fire in him forge thy willOr rather, rather then, stealing as SpringThrough him, melt him but master him still:Whether at once, as once at a crash Paul,Or as Austin, a lingering-out sweet skill…
Differential routing of coexisting neuropeptides in vasopressin neurons
Authors: Landry Marc , Vila‐Porcile Evelyne , Hökfelt Tomas , Calas André 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe functional implications of intraneuronal coexistence of different neuropeptides depend on their respective targeting to release sites. In the rat hypothalamic magnocellular neurons, we investigated a possible differential routing of the coexpressed galanin and vasopressin. The respective location of proteins and messengers was assessed with double immunogold and in situ hybridization combining confocal and electron microscope analysis. The various populations of labelled granules were quantitatively compared in three subcellular compartments: perikarya, local processes and posthypophyseal nerve endings. Three subpopulations of granules were detected in all three compartments, but their respective amount showed significant differences. Galanin alone was immunolocalized in some secretory granules, vasopressin alone in others, and both peptides in a third subpopulation of granules. The major part of the granules containing vasopressin, either alone or in association with galanin, is found in neurohypophyseal nerve endings. In contrast, galanin single‐labelled granules represent the most abundant population in dendritic processes, while double‐labelled granules are more numerous in perikarya. This indicates a preferential distribution of the two peptides in the different compartments of magnocellular neurons. Furthermore, galanin and vasopressin messenger RNAs were detected at different domains of the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that translation might also occur at different locations, thus leading to partial segregation of galanin and vasopressin cargoes between two populations of secretory granules. The present study provides, for the first time in mammals, evidence suggesting that galanin and vasopressin are only partly copackaged and undergo a preferential targeting toward dendrites or neurohypophysis, suggesting different functions, autocrine/paracrine and endocrine, respectively.
A hVIPR transgene as a novel tool for the analysis of circadian function in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: King V. M. , Chahad‐Ehlers S. , Shen S. , Harmar A. J. , Maywood E. S. , Hastings M. H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractA mouse bearing a novel transgene encoding the human VPAC2 receptor (hVIPR; Shen et al. (2000) PNAS, 97, 11575–11580) was used to investigate circadian function in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Neurons expressing hVPAC2R, detected by a beta‐galactosidase (β‐GAL) tag, have a distinct distribution within the SCN, closely matching that of neurophysin (NP) neurons and extending into the region of peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) cells. In common with NP and PHI cells, neurons expressing hVPAC2R are circadian in nature, as revealed by synchronous rhythmic expression of mPERIOD (mPER) proteins. A population of SCN cells not expressing PHI, NP or hVPAC2R exhibited circadian PER expression antiphasic with the rest of the SCN. Nocturnal light exposure induced mPER1 in the ventral SCN and mPER2 widely across the nucleus. Induction of nuclear mPER2 in hVPAC2R cells confirmed their photic responsiveness. Having established their circadian properties, we tested the utility of SCN neurons expressing the hVIPR transgene as functionally and anatomically explicit markers for SCN tissue grafts. Prenatal SCN tissue from hVIPR transgenic pups survived transplantation into adult CD1 mice, and expressed β‐GAL, PER and PHI. Over a series of studies, hVIPR transgenic SCN grafts restored circadian activity rhythms to 17 of 72 arrhythmic SCN lesioned recipients (23.6%). By using heterozygous hVIPR transgenic grafts on a heterozygous Clock mutant background we confirmed that restored activity rhythms were conferred by the donor tissue. We conclude that the hVIPR transgene is a powerful and flexible tool for examination of circadian function in the mouse SCN.
Fine tuning host responses in the face of infection: emerging roles and clinical applications of host defence peptides.
Authors: Mayer M. L. , Easton D. M. , Hancock R. E. W. 
Published: November 2010

Abstract

Host defence peptides (HDPs) are powerful modulators of human innate immunity, and can modify the outcome of the endogenous host response to infection. The progressive development of pathogen resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents has lead to a new appreciation of HDPs for their ability to fight infection, enhance vaccine responses, limit infl ammation and promote wound healing, within the context of human disease. HDPs are a family of cationic, short, amphipathic peptides that include the classical mammalian antimicrobial peptides, cathelicidins and defensins, as well as non-antimicrobial peptides with similar immunomodulatory properties. This chapter reviews our current basic understanding of the anti-infective and immunomodulatory properties of both endogenous HDPs and synthetic derivatives (termed innate defence regulators) with regard to their ability to selectively fine tune the responses of host cells and physiology. The clinical application of these molecules is also discussed, with a focus on past and ongoing clinical trials of HDPs and innate defence regulators as novel therapeutics for infectious and infl ammatory diseases.
Lamb and ac Stark shifts in cavity quantum electrodynamics*
Authors: Nguyen Bich Ha 
Published: November 2010

Abstract
A quantum system consisting of a single-mode microcavity and a two-level quantum dot or atom placed inside this microcavity, the interaction of monoenergetic photons in the microcavity with the electron in the two-level quantum dot or atom being the allowed electrical dipole transition between two energy levels, is a basic element of prospective devices for quantum information processing. Its time evolution is governed by cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED). The photon–electron coupling induces the shifts of energy levels of the electron in the two-level quantum dot or atom. If there is no photon in the microcavity, then the shift of electron energy levels is induced by the radiative corrections and it is called the Lamb shift. The presence of photons in the microcavity induces another type of electron energy level shift—the ac Stark shift. In this paper, we present the exact derivation of the formulae for the Lamb and ac Stark shifts of electron energy levels in the two-level quantum dot or atom placed inside a single-mode microcavity.
Changes in the mucosa of the Roux‐limb after gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Spak Emma , Björklund Per , Helander Herbert F , Vieth Michael , Olbers Torsten , Casselbrant Anna , Lönroth Hans , Fändriks Lars 
Published: November 2010

Spak E, Björklund P, Helander H F, Vieth M, Olbers T, Casselbrant A, Lönroth H & Fändriks L (2010) Histopathology 57, 680–689 Changes in the mucosa of the Roux‐limb after gastric bypass surgeryAims:  Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery is the most efficient treatment of morbid obesity, but the mechanisms of action are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to explore the Roux‐limb mucosa after gastric bypass surgery, focusing upon basic morphology and inflammation.Methods and results:  Jejunal mucosal samples from the Roux‐limb were gathered from eight patients at time of surgery and 6–8 months postsurgery. Histological evaluation of inflammation and morphometric investigations were performed, cell proliferation was assessed using immunohistochemistry and inflammatory markers and angiotensin (Ang) II receptors were detected using Western blot. Cell proliferation increased and villous surface area decreased in the Roux‐limb mucosa but no signs of active inflammation were observed after surgery. Protein analyses showed increased levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐oxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the Ang II type 1(AT1) receptor after surgery, whereas the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine and the Ang II type 2(AT2) receptor remained constant.Conclusion:  These results indicate that the phenotype of the jejunal mucosa changes once exposed to undigested food and the increased microbial load in the Roux‐limb after surgery.