bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of poling on photocatalytic activity with SrBi4Ti4O15 catalyst
Authors: Kumar Pushpendra , Vaish Rahul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis research article is related to a bismuth oxide‐layered pseudo‐perovskite ferroelectric material and its capabilities in the area of photocatalysis. SrBi4Ti4O15 (SBT) catalyst was prepared via a solid‐state reaction followed by calcination at 950°C sustained over 4 h. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, bandgap analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of the SBT catalyst. The photocatalysis capability was checked on a methylene blue (MB) model dye. The poling of the SBT catalyst was performed under 2 kV/mm of electric field. The poling of the catalyst material played a crucial role in enhancing the photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the effect of volume (k(v)), initial concentration (k(ic)) of the MB dye, amount of catalyst (k(c)), and intensity (k(i)) of the light were examined and analyzed by the mathematical model. This study suggested that higher intensity and amount of catalyst enhance photocatalytic activity, whereas higher concentration and volume of dye suppress the photocatalytic activity. The amount of catalyst showed the highest effect on the photocatalytic activity. The rate constant is influenced by these factors and the order of influence is k(c) > k(i) > k(v) ≃ k(ic).
Shorter night‐time sleep duration and later sleep timing from infancy to adolescence
Authors: Manitsa Ifigeneia , Gregory Alice M. , Broome Matthew R. , Bagshaw Andrew P. , Marwaha Steven , Morales‐Muñoz Isabel 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundHere, we (a) examined the trajectories of night‐time sleep duration, bedtime and midpoint of night‐time sleep (MPS) from infancy to adolescence, and (b) explored perinatal risk factors for persistent poor sleep health.MethodsThis study used data from 12,962 participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Parent or self‐reported night‐time sleep duration, bedtime and wake‐up time were collected from questionnaires at 6, 18 and 30 months, and at 3.5, 4–5, 5–6, 6–7, 9, 11 and 15–16 years. Child's sex, birth weight, gestational age, health and temperament, together with mother's family adversity index (FAI), age at birth, prenatal socioeconomic status and postnatal anxiety and depression, were included as risk factors for persistent poor sleep health. Latent class growth analyses were applied first to detect trajectories of night‐time sleep duration, bedtime and MPS, and we then applied logistic regressions for the longitudinal associations between risk factors and persistent poor sleep health domains.ResultsWe obtained four trajectories for each of the three sleep domains. In particular, we identified a trajectory characterized by persistent shorter sleep, a trajectory of persistent later bedtime and a trajectory of persistent later MPS. Two risk factors were associated with the three poor sleep health domains: higher FAI with increased risk of persistent shorter sleep (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.11–1.30, p < .001), persistent later bedtime (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.19–1.39, p < .001) and persistent later MPS (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.22–1.38, p < .001); and higher maternal socioeconomic status with reduced risk of persistent shorter sleep (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–1.00, p = .048), persistent later bedtime (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p < .001) and persistent later MPS (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.98–0.99, p < .001).ConclusionsWe detected trajectories of persistent poor sleep health (i.e. shorter sleep duration, later bedtime and later MPS) from infancy to adolescence, and specific perinatal risk factors linked to persistent poor sleep health domains.
Proton pump inhibitors associated with severe COVID‐19 among two‐dose but not three‐dose vaccine recipients
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Yan Vincent K C , Ye Xuxiao , Hung Ivan F N , Chan Esther W , Leung Wai K 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase the risk of COVID‐19 among non‐vaccinated subjects via various mechanisms, including gut dysbiosis. We aimed to investigate whether PPIs also affect the clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 among vaccine recipients.MethodsThis was a territory‐wide cohort study of 3 272 286 vaccine recipients (aged ≥ 18 years) of ≥ 2 doses of either BNT162b2 or CoronaVac. Exclusion criteria included prior gastrointestinal surgery, immunocompromised status, and prior COVID‐19. The primary outcome was COVID‐19, and secondary outcomes included COVID‐19‐related hospitalization and severe infection (composite of intensive care unit admission, ventilatory support, and/or death). Covariates include age, sex, the Charlson Comorbidity Index, comorbidities, and concomitant medication use. Subjects were followed from index date (first dose of vaccination) until outcome occurrence, death, additional dose of vaccination, or March 31, 2022. Exposure was pre‐vaccination PPI use (any prescription within 90 days before the index date). Propensity score (PS) matching and a Poisson regression model were used to estimate the adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) of outcomes with PPI use.ResultsAmong 439 154 PS‐matched two‐dose vaccine recipients (mean age: 65.3 years; male: 45.7%) with a median follow‐up of 6.8 months (interquartile range: 2.6–7.9), PPI exposure was associated with a higher risk of COVID‐19 (aIRR: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.05–1.10), hospitalization (aIRR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08–1.33), and severe infection (aIRR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.24–1.98). Among 188 360 PS‐matched three‐dose vaccine recipients (mean age: 62.5 years; male: 49.0%; median follow‐up: 9.1 months [interquartile range: 8.0–10.9]), PPIs were associated with higher infection risk (aIRR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.08–1.15) but not other outcomes.ConclusionsAlthough PPI use was associated with a higher COVID‐19 risk, severe infection was limited to two‐dose but not three‐dose vaccine recipients.
Assessing the prevalence of Beers medication utilization in the Medicare Part D population in 2020
Authors: Borrelli Eric P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedication utilization has been increasing in the U.S. year‐over‐year for several decades. As older adults take more medications, there is a higher risk of them being exposed to drug–drug or drug‐disease interactions. The American Geriatrics Society in 2019 updated their Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) Use in Older Adults. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of utilization of medications included in the 2019 Beers Criteria.MethodsAn analysis was conducted using the Medicare Part D Provider Utilization and Payment Data Public Use File for calendar‐year 2020. Medications identified in the 2019 Beers Criteria were applied to the analysis. Two categories of medications were assessed: (1) “Avoid” and (2) “Use With Caution.”ResultsIn 2020, 56 million prescriptions were dispensed to Medicare patients 65 years and older that are recommended to be avoided without exception (4.7% of all prescriptions) totaling $957 million in medication costs. The most utilized medication classes in this category were benzodiazepines (25,949,994 prescriptions), “Z‐drugs” (6,204,909 prescriptions), long‐acting sulfonylureas (5,306,577 prescriptions), 1st‐generation antihistamines (5,049,289 prescriptions), and tricyclic antidepressants (4,190,062 prescriptions). Additionally, 135 million prescriptions were dispensed to Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older for medications which the Beers Criteria states to use caution (11.3% of all prescriptions) exceeding $2.85 billion in medication costs. The most utilized medications for this category were diuretics (74,599,126 prescriptions), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (30,033,121 prescriptions), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (11,858,968 prescriptions), tramadol (11,450,878 prescriptions), and mirtazapine (5,737,304 prescriptions).ConclusionEven with the existence of the AGS Beers Criteria for PIM Use in Older Adults and its continued updated versions, 16% of medications dispensed to Medicare Part D were potentially inappropriate. Future studies are needed to assess if this has led to worsened outcomes among older adults who utilized these PIM.
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis and blindness associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in a senile female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)
Authors: dos Santos Daniel Oliveira , de Paula Nayara Ferreira , de Carvalho Thaynara Parente , dos Reis de Souza Lucas , Tinoco Herlandes Penha , Coelho Carlyle Mendes , Sousa Ana Augusta , Filho Paulo Martins Soares , Ferreira Luciana Rabello , da Paixão Tatiane Alves , Oliveira Ayisa Rodrigues , Santos Renato Lima 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA 40‐year old female chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) developed hyporexia, weight loss, followed by progressive and complete blindness. Tomography demonstrated an intracranial mass in the rostroventral brain involving the optic chiasm, with a presumptive diagnosis of neoplasm. However, histopathology revealed a granulomatous meningoencephalitis, and tissue samples tested positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Fracture resistance of chairside CAD‐CAM lithium disilicate occlusal veneer with various designs after mechanical aging
Authors: Jurado Carlos A , Tsujimoto Akimasa , Molisani Joseph , Fu Chin‐Chuan , Sadid‐Zadeh Ramtin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the fracture resistance of chairside computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) lithium disilicate crown, onlay, and non‐anatomical occlusal veneer (A‐OV) with and without margin fabricated.Materials and MethodsSixty‐four CAD‐CAM lithium disilicate restorations were designed as (1) complete coverage crown (CCC); (2) A‐OV with margin; (3) non‐A‐OV with margin (NA‐OV‐M); and (4) non‐A‐OV without margin (NA‐OV‐NM), 16 of each. Restorations were crystallized and adhesively luted to resin dies using resin cement. Specimens were then subjected to 400,000 cycles of chewing in a mastication simulator. A universal testing machine was used to apply a compressive load at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min to the long axis of the tooth with a stainless‐steel sphere until fracture occurred. One‐way ANOVA followed by post hoc tests were used to assess the impact of preparation design on the fracture load of CAD‐CAM lithium disilicate restorations.ResultsThe highest fracture load was recorded for CAD‐CAM lithium disilicate indirect restorations for non‐A‐OVs preparation with margin (2549 ± 428 N) and onlay (2549 ± 293 N) and the lowest fracture load was recorded for CCCs (2389 ± 428 N); however, there was no significant (p = 0.640) between groups.ConclusionsCAD‐CAM lithium disilicate restorations fabricated for anatomical and non‐A‐OV preparation display a fracture resistance similar to CCCs. Conservative partial coverage restorations may be considered an acceptable approach for posterior teeth.
Trajectories of peer victimization among left‐behind children in rural China: The role of positive school climate
Authors: Xiao Jiale , Su Shaobing , Lin Danhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLeft‐behind children are likely to experience peer victimization, which can have detrimental consequences in their developmental outcomes. Yet, limited longitudinal research have examined peer victimization trajectories over time or the factors associated with left‐behind children in China. The purpose of the present study was to examine what, if any, distinct trajectories of peer victimization exist among left‐behind children and whether these trajectories are related to school climate, left‐behind status, and their interactions. Participants were 853 Chinese left‐behind children (Mage = 14.25, SD = 2.39; 43.4% girls) who participated in a four‐wave longitudinal study conducted in rural China. Participants reported school climate (indexed by safety and order, acceptance and support, equality and fairness, autonomy and cooperation) at T1 and peer victimization across T1 to T4 spanning 2 years. Latent class growth analyses identified four peer victimization trajectories, including a stably low‐decreasing group, a moderate‐decreasing group, a high‐decreasing group, and an increasing group. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that children who perceived more positive school climate were more likely to exhibit a stably low‐decreasing trajectory compared to the other three groups. In addition, among left‐behind children who perceived more positive school climate, children with single‐parent migrating were more likely to be members of the stably low‐decreasing group as compared to those with both‐parent migrating. Peer victimization among left‐behind children is a concern especially for those who were left behind by both parents and perceived less positive school climate. Targeted school‐based interventions and services focused on reducing peer victimization and improving school climate are needed for left‐behind children, especially those with both‐parent migrating.
Extended wakefulness alters the relationship between EEG oscillations and performance in a sustained attention task
Authors: Snipes Sophia , Meier Elias , Accascina Simon , Huber Reto 
Published: May 2024

SummaryDuring drowsiness, maintaining consistent attention becomes difficult, leading to behavioural lapses. Bursts of oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG) might predict such lapses, given that alpha bursts increase during inattention and theta bursts increase with time spent awake. Paradoxically, however, alpha bursts decrease with time awake and theta bursts increase during focussed attention and cognitive tasks. Therefore, we investigated to what extent theta and alpha bursts predicted performance in a sustained attention task, either when well rested (baseline, BL) or following 20 h of extended wakefulness (EW). High‐density EEG was measured in 18 young adults, and the timing of bursts was related to trial outcomes (fast, slow, and lapse trials). To increase the likelihood of lapses, the task was performed under soporific conditions. Against expectations, alpha bursts were more likely before fast trials and less likely before lapses at baseline, although the effect was substantially reduced during extended wakefulness. Theta bursts showed no significant relationship to behavioural outcome either at baseline or extended wakefulness. However, following exploratory analyses, we found that large‐amplitude theta and alpha bursts were more likely to be followed by lapse trials during extended wakefulness but not baseline. In summary, alpha bursts during baseline anticipated better trial outcomes, whereas large‐amplitude theta and alpha bursts during extended wakefulness anticipated worse outcomes. Therefore, neither theta nor alpha bursts maintain a consistent relationship with behaviour under different levels of overall vigilance.
The Impact of Ritual Participation on Perceived Moral Objectivity: A Longitudinal Investigation of the U.S. Adolescents
Authors: Chvaja Radim 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHow people perceive morality plays a crucial role in their behavior and moral decision making. However, we have little understanding of the factors that drive the perception of morality as objectively existing. This study examines the impact of religion, specifically religious rituals, in promoting the perception of morality as objective. I analyzed two waves (2003, 2013) of the National Study of Youth and Religion to test whether religious participation during respondents’ adolescence predicted their perceived moral objectivity 10 years later. Moreover, I estimated the difference in effects for those who anchored moral decision making on religious and secular grounds. Ritual participation in 2003 was positively associated with moral objectivity in 2013. This association was stronger for respondents who grounded their morality in religion and who had powerful religious experience. The results point to the essential role of adolescence period in forming moral views.
Pharmacokinetics of oral clonazepam in growing commercial pigs (Sus scrofa domestica)
Authors: Hampton Chiara E. , Kleine Stephanie A. , Smith Joe S. , Mulon Pierre‐Yves , Smith Christopher K. , Shanks Gregory A. , Vanecek Lucille Ruth , Seddighi Reza , Cox Sherry 
Published: May 2024

AbstractClonazepam causes sedation and psychomotor impairment in people. Due to similarities between people and swine in response to benzodiazepines, clonazepam may represent a viable option to produce mild‐to‐moderate tranquillization in pigs. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of a single oral dose (0.5 mg/kg) of clonazepam in eight healthy, growing commercial cross pigs. Serial plasma samples were collected at baseline and up to 96 h after administration. Plasma concentrations were quantified using reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography, and compartment models were fit to time–concentration data. A one‐compartment first‐order model best fits the data. Maximum plasma concentration was 99.5 ng/mL, and time to maximum concentration was 3.4 h. Elimination half‐life was 7.3 h, mean residence time 7.4 h, and apparent volume of distribution 5.7 L/kg. Achieved plasma concentrations exceeded those associated with psychomotor impairment in people although pharmacodynamic effects have not been investigated in pigs. A simulated oral regimen consisting of 0.35 mg/kg administered every 8 h to pigs would achieve plasma concentrations above 32 ng/mL which are shown to produce psychomotor impairment in people. Further studies to test the clinical efficacy of these dosages in commercial and miniature pigs are warranted.
Impacts of Involving Young Learners in Mind, Brain, and Education Research
Authors: Gosavi Radhika S. , Toomarian Elizabeth Y. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs the field of Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE) continues to grow, MBE researchers have begun expanding the scope of their investigations and approaches. One such development is the establishment of collaborative partnership with young learners, both to inform research practices and to develop student‐researchers. We explore how middle school students (ages 12 to 14 years) engage in MBE research through an assistantship program, initiated through a unique research‐practice partnership that embeds MBE researchers and an electrophysiology laboratory into a school. In this program, student‐researchers learn about experimental methods, assist with university research protocols, and drive independent projects. Here, we detail this program and report on its impact from both the teacher and student‐researcher perspectives. Overall, we find that daily involvement in scientific research aids the holistic development of student‐researchers by fostering academic and nonacademic skills that may transcend formal learning environments.
Linguistic threat: Vote choice, linguistic cues and support for official bilingualism in Quebec
Authors: Brie Evelyne , Ouellet Catherine , Bodet Marc André , Laflamme Lydia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn Canada, federal institutions must provide governmental services to all citizens in the country's two official languages: French and English. This paper uses a survey experiment to test exposure to written English as a determinant of support for official bilingualism in the French‐speaking province of Quebec. The data emanate from an exit poll conducted in two Quebec electoral districts during the 2019 Canadian federal elections (n = 430). Results suggest the existence of heterogeneous experimental effects depending on vote choice. Indeed, Bloc Québécois voters—the federal party most strongly supportive of linguistic rights—are disproportionately supportive of institutional bilingualism when randomly exposed to written English on the survey questionnaire. These results are robust to the inclusion of socio‐demographic and attitudinal control variables, including support for Quebec independence. Our paper bolsters causal claims about the contextual determinants of in‐group favouritism and cultural threat in divided societies.
Seed pretreatment with brassinosteroids stimulates sunflower immunity against parasitic weed (Orobanche cumana) infection
Authors: Zhang Na , Ali Skhawat , Huang Qian , Yang Chong , Ali Basharat , Chen Weiqi , Zhang Kangni , Ali Sharafat , Ulhassan Zaid , Zhou Weijun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBroomrape (Orobanche cumana) negatively affects sunflower, causing severe yield losses, and thus, there is a need to control O. cumana infestation. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play key roles in plant growth and provide resilience to weed infection. This study aims to evaluate the mechanisms by which BRs ameliorate O. cumana infection in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Seeds were pretreated with BRs (1, 10, and 100 nM) and O. cumana inoculation for 4 weeks under soil conditions. O. cumana infection significantly reduced plant growth traits, photosynthesis, endogenous BRs and regulated the plant defence (POX, GST), BRs signalling (BAK1, BSK1 to BSK4) and synthesis (BRI1, BR6OX2) genes. O. cumana also elevated the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxyl radical (OH−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•–) in leaves/roots by 77/112, 63/103, 56/97 and 54/89%, as well as caused ultrastructural cellular damages in both leaves and roots. In response, plants activated a few enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and reduced glutathione but were unable to stimulate the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes. The addition of BRs (especially at 10 nM) notably recovered the ultrastructural cellular damages, lowered the production of oxidative stress, activated the key enzymatic antioxidants and induced the phenolic and lignin contents. The downregulation in the particular genes by BRs is attributed to the increased resilience of sunflower via a susceptible reaction. In a nutshell, BRs notably enhanced the sunflower resistance to O. cumana infection by escalating the plant immunity responses, inducing systemic acquired resistance, reducing oxidative or cellular damages, and modulating the expression of BR synthesis or signalling genes.
GhTKPR1_8 functions to inhibit anther dehiscence and reduce pollen viability in cotton
Authors: Chen Lingling , Hao Juxin , Qiao Kaikai , Wang Ningna , Ma Lina , Wang Zhe , Wang Jin , Pu Xiaoyan , Fan Shuli , Ma Qifeng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSporopollenin, as the main component of the pollen exine, is a highly resistant polymer that provides structural integrity under unfavourable environmental conditions. Tetraketone α‐pyrone reductase 1 (TKPR1) is essential for sporopollenin formation, catalyzing the reduction of tetraketone carbonyl to hydroxylated α‐pyrone. The functional role of TKPR1 in male sterility has been reported in flowering plants such as maize, rice, and Arabidopsis. However, the molecular cloning and functional characterization of TKPR1 in cotton remain unaddressed. In this study, we identified 68 TKPR1s from four cotton species, categorized into three clades. Transcriptomics and RT‐qPCR demonstrated that GhTKPR1_8 exhibited typical expression patterns in the tetrad stage of the anther. GhTKPR1_8 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, ABORTED MICROSPORES (GhAMS) transcriptionally activated GhTKPR1_8 as indicated by luciferase complementation tests. GhTKPR1_8‐knockdown inhibited anther dehiscence and reduced pollen viability in cotton. Additionally, overexpression of GhTKPR1_8 in the attkpr1 mutant restored its male sterile phenotype. This study offers novel insights into the investigation of TKPR1 in cotton while providing genetic resources for studying male sterility.