bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein intake but not feed intake affects dietary energy for finishing pigs
Authors: Moehn S. , Levesque C. L. , Ball R. O. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryThe effects of dietary protein and feeding levels on dietary metabolizable (ME) and net energy (NE) content were determined in 24 pigs, each offered two diets at 2.0 times the energetic maintenance requirement or for ad libitum intake between 55 and 95 kg body weight. Within feeding levels, pigs received, in random order, low‐protein (LP; 11.2% CP, 0.61% lysine) or high‐protein (HP; 20.2% CP, 0.61% lysine) diets of similar digestible energy content. Dietary NE was calculated from heat production based on 24‐h indirect calorimetry following a 7‐day N‐balance period. Feed intake was greater for LP than HP when fed for ad libitum intake (p = 0.001). Protein level did not affect daily gain (p > 0.1) but HP improved gain: feed (p = 0.003). Dietary ME and NE were not significantly affected by feeding level but were decreased by high protein intake (p < 0.07). Reducing dietary protein reduced urinary energy losses and increased energy retention but did not affect heat production. The effect of dietary protein restriction was already evident on the ME level and carried over to a similar degree to the NE level because the utilization of ME was not affected by protein level. Dietary ME and NE decreased by 0.012 MJ/kg (p = 0.014) and 0.018 MJ/kg (p = 0.062), respectively, for each gram per day N intake. The results suggest that although there was an effect of protein level on NE, the greatest effect occurred at the level of ME. However, the prediction of both ME and NE may be improved by adopting energy values for dietary protein that changes with dietary protein content.
Occurrence of the Root Rot Pathogen, Fusarium commune, in Forest Nurseries of?the Midwestern and Western United States
Authors: Kim Mee‐Sook , Stewart Jane E. , Dumroese R. Kasten , Klopfenstein Ned B. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractFusarium commune can cause damping‐off and root rot of conifer seedlings in forest nurseries, and this pathogen has been previously reported from Oregon, Idaho, and Washington, USA. We collected Fusarium isolates from additional nurseries in the midwestern and western USA to more fully determine occurrence of this pathogen. We used DNA sequences of the mitochondrial small subunit gene to identify F. commune. In addition to confirming the occurrence of F. commune in Oregon, Idaho, and Washington, USA, we also discovered that F. commune is even more widespread with this first report of F. commune occurring in Nevada, Montana, Nebraska, and Michigan, USA.
Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit study of haemoglobinopathies in Australian children
Authors: Argent Elizabeth , Emder Phillip , Monagle Paul , Mowat David , Petterson Toni , Russell Susan , Sachdev Rani , Stone Christine , Ziegler David S 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  The aims of this study were to determine the incidence and types of haemoglobinopathies in Australian children and their distribution among ethnic groups, and to collect information on timing of diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies in Australia.Methods:  Between January 2004 and March 2006, the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit asked paediatricians to report all children under 15 years of age with a newly diagnosed haemoglobinopathy. A questionnaire requesting further information was forwarded to those clinicians. Carrier states such as thalassaemia minor were excluded.Results:  Eighty‐four notifications of haemoglobinopathy were received by the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, with 59 confirmed cases giving a national incidence of 0.74 per 100 000 children < 15 years of age per annum. Of 59 cases, 42 (71%) were Australian born. Twenty‐nine (35.6%) children had sickle cell disease, 17 (28.8%) had Hb H disease, six (10.2%) had beta‐thalassaemia major and 15 (25.4%) had compound heterozygous conditions. One child died from sickle cell disease. Of Australian born children, at least 10 mothers (23.8%) and 11 fathers (26.2%) were unaware of their carrier status pre‐partum (information unavailable for 13 mothers and 17 fathers). Only 11 parents (18.6%) had risks of haemoglobinopathy discussed with them antenatally and only three cases (5.1%) were diagnosed antenatally.Conclusions:  We found that a small but significant number of children with haemoglobinopathies are being born in Australia despite existing programmes of testing at‐risk groups and neonatal screening. Haemoglobinopathies were also diagnosed in recent immigrants. Greater awareness of these conditions and enhancements of screening and detection programmes may be needed as the genetic diversity of the Australian population continues to develop.
WHAT CAN HISTORY DO FOR BIOETHICS?
Authors: WILSON DUNCAN 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTThis article details the relationship between history and bioethics. I argue that historians' reluctance to engage with bioethics rests on a misreading of the field as solely reducible to applied ethics, and overlooks previous enthusiasm for historical perspectives. I claim that seeing bioethics as its practitioners see it – as an interdisciplinary meeting ground – should encourage historians to collaborate in greater numbers. I conclude by outlining how bioethics might benefit from new histories of the field, and how historians can lend a fresh perspective to bioethical debates.
Adolescent smoking behavior and outcome expectancies
Authors: JØSENDAL OLA , AARØ LEIF EDVARD 
Published: December 2011

Jøsendal, O. & Aarø, L. E. (2012). Adolescent smoking behavior and outcome expectancies. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 129–135.Adolescent smoking behavior is assumed to be associated with smoking outcome expectancies. Results in this paper are based on data from the control group of two data collections among Norwegian secondary school students taken approximately 30 months apart (T1 and T2). The dimensionality of smoking outcome expectancies was the same at both time points, revealing three components (“Addicted”, “Not harmful” and “Social”). After correction for attenuation, the Pearson’s correlation between T1 and T2 was 0.41 for the total sumscore, indicating low to moderate relative stability. When examining smoking expectancy sumscore means by smoking habits at T1 and T2, never smokers were different from smokers on both occasions. Never smokers scored low on “Social” and “Not harmful”, and high on “Addictive”. All associations were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The “Social” dimension was the strongest predictor of smoking behavior at T1 and T2. One of the outcome expectancy sumscores (“Addictive”) at T1 predicted smoking habits at T2 after controlling for smoking habits at T1 (p < 0.01). This predictor was significant also after entering outcome expectancy sumscores at T2 into the model (p < 0.05). These results indicate that outcome expectations other than the health‐related ones should be paid attention to when planning new prevention programs.
Gender and cervical artery dissection
Authors: Metso A. J. , Metso T. M. , Debette S. , Dallongeville J. , Lyrer P.A. , Pezzini A. , Lichy C. , Kloss M. , Brandt T. , Touzé E. , Southerland A. M. , Worrall B. B. , Abboud S. , del Zotto E. , Leys D. , Engelter S. , Grond‐Ginsbach C. , Tatlisumak T. ,   for the CADISP group
Published: December 2011

Background and purpose:  To analyze previously established gender differences in cervical artery dissection (CeAD).Methods:  This case–control study is based on the CADISP (Cervical Artery Dissection and Ischemic Stroke Patients) population comprising 983 consecutive CeAD patients (mean age: 44.1 ± 9.9 years) and 658 control patients with a non‐CeAD ischemic stroke (IS) (44.5 ± 10.5 years).Results:  Cervical artery dissection was more common in men (56.7% vs. 43.3%, P < 0.001) and men were older (46.4 vs. 41.0 years, P < 0.001). We assessed putative risk factors for CeAD including vascular risk factors, recent cervical trauma, pregnancies, and infections. All gender differences in the putative risk factors and outcome were similar in the CeAD and the non‐CeAD IS groups.Conclusion:  Our analysis of the largest collection of CeAD patients to date confirms male predominance and differences in age at dissection between men and women. Gender differences in putative risk factors may explain the higher frequency of CeAD in men and their older age, but the putative risk factors are probably not specific for CeAD.
Environmental shifts for social work: A principles approach
Authors: Miller Shari E , Hayward R. Anna , Shaw Terry V. 
Published: December 2011

Miller SE, Hayward RA, Shaw TV. Environmental shifts for social work: A principles approachThe social work profession is rooted in a history of addressing the needs of vulnerable populations. Generally, however, this history has not extended to issues relating to the natural environment. Building on a framework of environmental justice, this article proposes a shift from the artificial separation of the social and natural environments in its person‐in‐environment focus to an expanded holistic understanding of the dynamic interplay between human society and the natural environment. It examines issues surrounding environmental and ecological justice, and proposes a principles approach to move the profession towards a paradigm of environmental justice using as its template the 17 Principles of Environmental Justice adopted by the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit in the USA in 1991. It discusses the value of these principles in enhancing social work's capacity to address issues of environmental concern. It proposes that, with greater awareness of the effects of environmental issues on high‐needs populations, the profession would be better able to balance environmental and human concerns.
The place of social work in sustainable development: Towards ecosocial practice
Authors: Peeters Jef 
Published: December 2011

Peeters J. The place of social work in sustainable development: Towards ecosocial practiceEcological questions are seldom seen to concern the social dimension and, accordingly, to be of direct concern to mainstream social work practice. However, the current ‘social‐ecological crisis’ demands a major social transition to a sustainable society that touches all dimensions of our lives. So, social work cannot escape this process. This article argues that social work can engage in this transition starting from its social mission and tradition, provided it includes the ecological environment as an important element of practice and develops an ecosocial practice centred on empowerment, social capital formation and resilience building as both a contribution to and part of a process of social‐political change.
Recommendations for the treatment of nail psoriasis in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis: a dermatology expert group consensus
Authors: Langley R.G. , Saurat J.H. , Reich K. ,   on behalf of the Nail Psoriasis Delphi Expert Panel
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground  Nail involvement is common in psoriasis patients and is often associated with severe disease. Patients with nail psoriasis experience pain, functional impairment and social stigma, with significant restriction of daily activities and quality of life. However, nail psoriasis often goes untreated, as many physicians believe it is difficult to treat, despite the availability of effective treatment options. Clinical data and guidelines for managing and treating psoriasis patients with both skin and nail symptoms are limited.Objective  To prepare recommendations for the management and treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with nail involvement.Methods  A collaborative Delphi survey was used to obtain consensus on current practice in the management of nail disease in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis from an expert panel of 11 dermatologists from Europe and Canada with substantial clinical expertise in managing these patients. Agreement was defined utilizing a Likert scale of 1–9. Consensus regarding agreement was an interquartile range (IQR) ≥7; consensus regarding disagreement was an IQR ≤3.Results  The expert panel addressed several topics including burden of disease, nail assessment, treatment goals and treatment options. The panel agreed that: it is extremely important to assess nail involvement in patients with psoriasis; nail assessments are rarely performed in routine clinical practice; full skin and nail clearance is an achievable goal with appropriate systemic therapy in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis with nail involvement.Conclusion  This article provides useful and practical considerations for the management and treatment of patients with moderate to severe skin and nail psoriasis.
Photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis in organ transplant patients
Authors: Basset‐Seguin N. , Baumann Conzett K. , Gerritsen M.J.P. , Gonzalez H. , Haedersdal M. , Hofbauer G.F.L. , Aguado L. , Kerob D. , Lear J.T. , Piaserico S. , Ulrich C. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractBackground  The incidence of actinic keratoses (AK) and non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in organ transplant recipients (OTRs) is significantly higher than in immunocompetent patients. Rates of progression and recurrence following treatment are higher too, in part due to the effects of the immunosuppressant drugs. Conventional therapies for AK, using curettage, cryotherapy, surgical excision, topical therapies and photodynamic therapy (PDT), are often less effective, and may be inappropriate, for treating the greater numbers and extent of lesions in OTRs. Moreover, there are no specific protocols for treating this patient population that take into account the need for more frequent treatment and the increased pain associated with treating larger areas.Objectives  Recently, a pan‐European group of dermatologists with expertise in this area met to share current best practice in PDT for the treatment of AK in OTRs.Methods  The group identified areas where PDT currently is not meeting the needs of these patients and discussed how these gaps might be addressed.Results/Conclusions  This position article summarizes those discussions and makes recommendations concerning a standardized protocol for treating OTRs, for a large randomized controlled trial to provide robust data on safety, efficacy and optimal pain control, and to provide pharmaco‐economics data that can be used to support extended reimbursement in this patient group. The authors also recommend a second clinical trial to further investigate induced immunosuppression with PDT in healthy volunteers.
The effects of induced oblique astigmatism on symptoms and reading performance while viewing a computer screen
Authors: Rosenfield Mark , Hue Jennifer E , Huang Rae R , Bababekova Yuliya 
Published: December 2011

Citation information: Rosenfield M, Hue JE, Huang RR & Bababekova Y. The effects of induced oblique astigmatism on symptoms and reading performance while viewing a computer screen. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2012, 32, 142–148. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2011.00887.xAbstractIntroduction:  Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a complex of eye and vision problems related to computer use which has been reported in up to 90% of computer users. Ocular symptoms may include asthenopia, accommodative and vergence difficulties and dry eye. Previous studies have reported that uncorrected astigmatism may have a significant impact on symptoms of CVS. However, its effect on task performance is unclear.Methods:  This study recorded symptoms after a 10 min period of reading from a computer monitor either through the habitual distance refractive correction or with a supplementary −1.00 or −2.00D oblique cylinder added over these lenses in 12 young, visually‐normal subjects. Additionally, the distance correction condition was repeated to assess the repeatability of the symptom questionnaire. Subjects’ reading speed and accuracy were monitored during the course of the 10 min trial.Results:  There was no significant difference in reading rate or the number of errors between the three astigmatic conditions. However, a significant change in symptoms was reported with the median total symptom scores for the 0, 1 and 2D astigmatic conditions being 2.0, 6.5 and 40.0, respectively (p < 0.0001). Further, the repeatability coefficient of the total symptom score following the repeated zero astigmatism condition was ± 13.46.Conclusions:  The presence of induced astigmatism produced a significant increase in post‐task symptoms but did not affect reading rate or the number of reading errors. The correction of small astigmatic refractive errors may be important in optimizing patient comfort during computer operation.
Early prediction of nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure in preterm infants less than 30 weeks gestation
Authors: De Jaegere Anne P , van der Lee Johanna H , Canté Caroline , van Kaam Anton H 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAim:  To predict early nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure within the first 2 h after birth in preterm infants.Methods:  Patient and respiratory support variables significantly associated with continuous positive airway pressure failure in the first 72 h after birth were identified in a cohort of preterm infants <30 weeks gestation. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, risk estimates for early nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure were calculated.Results:  From 182 infants included, 62(34%) failed early nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Birth weight ≤800 g, male gender and a fraction of inspired oxygen >0.25 at 1 and 2 h of age were significantly associated with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure. Combining these variables in a logistic regression model provided a minimal risk estimate for failure of 0.04[0.01–0.23] (female >800 g, FiO2 ≤ 0.25 at 1, and 2 h) and maximal estimate of 0.92[0.44–0.99] (male ≤800 g, FiO2 > 0.25 at 1 and 2 h).Conclusion:  Combining gender, birth weight and the fraction of inspired oxygen at 1 and 2 h of age allows for a better and more individualized prediction of early nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure in preterm infants less than 30 weeks gestation.
Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, vascular type: A novel missense mutation in the COL3A1 gene
Authors: Masuno Mitsuo , Watanabe Atsushi , Naing Banyar Than , Shimada Takashi , Fujimoto Wataru , Ninomiya Shinsuke , Ueda Yasunori , Kadota Kazushige , Kotaka Tatsuya , Kondo Eisei , Yamanouchi Yasuko , Inoue Mika , Ouchi Kazunobu , Kuroki Yoshikazu 
Published: December 2011

ABSTRACTWe report a 34‐year‐old Japanese female with the vascular type of Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome. She had thin translucent skin, extensive bruising, toe joint hypermobility, left lower extremity varicose veins, and chronic wrist, knee and ankle joint pain. She also had dizziness caused by autonomic dysfunction. Magnetic resonance angiography showed tortuous vertebral and basilar arteries, mild left carotid canal bulging, and right anterior tibial artery hypoplasia. Electron microscopic examinations of a skin biopsy revealed extremely dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum in dermal fibroblasts and wide variability of individual collagen fibril diameters. A molecular analysis using a conventional total RNA method and a high‐resolution melting curve analysis using genomic DNA revealed a novel missense mutation within exon 48 of the COL3A1 gene, c.3428G>A, leading to p.Gly1143Glu.
Roles of gender, obesity, and lifestyle‐related diseases in alcoholic liver disease: Obesity does not influence the severity of alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Taniai Makiko , Hashimoto Etsuko , Tokushige Katsutoshi , Kodama Kazuhisa , Kogiso Tomomi , Torii Nobuyuki , Shiratori Keiko 
Published: December 2011

Aim:  To elucidate gender differences and the influence of obesity and/or metabolic syndrome‐related fatty liver on alcoholic liver disease (ALD), we analyzed characteristic features of ALD.Methods:  We investigated 266 ALD patients (224 males and 42 females) without hepatocellular carcinoma stratified by gender and the presence of cirrhosis. Male and female patients matched for age and total ethanol intake were also analyzed. A diagnosis of ALD was based on alcohol intake (>70 g daily for more than 5 years), clinical features, and exclusion of other liver diseases. The prevalence of obesity, lifestyle‐related diseases, and psychological disorders were assessed.Results:  The prevalence of psychological disorders showed a significant gender difference among all ALD patients (12% in males versus 43% in females, P < 0.001), as well as in patients matched for age and total ethanol intake. There were 156 cirrhotic patients. Absence of dyslipidemia, presence of diabetes, and high total ethanol intake were selected as independent predictors of cirrhosis in males by multivariate analysis after excluding laboratory data of liver function tests. The prevalence of obesity was significantly lower in cirrhotic male patients than in non‐cirrhotic male patients (34% vs. 20%, P = 0.023). Among females, there were no significant predictors of cirrhosis on multivariate analysis after eliminating liver function tests. The prevalence of obesity and diabetes was similar in non‐cirrhotic and cirrhotic female patients. The prevalence of psychological disorders was 47% in cirrhotic females with ALD.Conclusions:  Obesity was not common in cirrhotic ALD. Psychological disorders seem to be important for female ALD.
Relative prevalence of upper respiratory tract obstructive disorders in two breeds of harness racehorses (185 cases: 1998–2006)
Authors: STRAND E. , FJORDBAKK C. T. , SUNDBERG K. , SPANGEN L. , LUNDE H. , HANCHE‐OLSEN S. 
Published: December 2011

SummaryReasons for performing study:Two genetically and phenotypically distinct horse breeds are used for harness racing in Scandinavia: the Standardbred (SB) and Coldblooded Trotter. These racehorses have identical environmental, management and racing conditions. Therefore, this study was undertaken to identify and compare the relative prevalence of upper respiratory tract (URT) obstructive disorders in these 2 breeds.Objectives:To determine whether these 2 phenotypically different breeds of harness racehorses have different predispositions for URT disorders.Methods:Retrospective study of 88 Norwegian Coldblooded Trotters (NCT) and 97 SBs referred to this hospital for URT evaluation between 1998 and 2006. Case records of all horses diagnosed with an URT disorder during resting endoscopy, and all horses undergoing high‐speed treadmill videoendoscopy (HSTV) with one or more periods of induced poll flexion were evaluated. The relative prevalence of URT disorders between the 2 breeds was analysed using a Fisher's exact test.Results:There was a significant (P<0.05) breed predisposition regarding 6 URT disorders. Bilateral dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion and flaccid epiglottis was significantly more frequent in the NCT. Alar fold collapse and nasopharyngeal collapse were significantly more frequent in SBs. Epiglottic entrapment and nasal flutter were only diagnosed in the SBs. Dynamic disorders were more common than resting disorders in both breeds.Conclusion:URT obstructive disorders (dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion, flaccid epiglottis, pharyngeal collapse, alar fold collapse, nasal flutter and epiglottic entrapment) are breed related, indicating an anatomic or functional cause. Periods of induced poll flexion during HSTV was essential to declare harness racehorses free of URT disorders.Potential relevance:Further anatomic or physiological studies comparing these breeds could potentially provide insight into the pathogenesis of certain URT obstructive disorders. Induced poll flexion should be included in routine HSTV examinations of all harness racehorses.