bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estradiol attenuates the adenosine triphosphate‐induced increase of intracellular calcium through group II metabotropic glutamate receptors in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons
Authors: Chaban Victor , Li Jichang , McDonald John S. , Rapkin Andrea , Micevych Paul 
Published: July 2011

AbstractEstradiol attenuates the ATP‐induced increase of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by blocking the L‐type voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC). Because ATP is a putative nociceptive signal, this action may indicate a site of estradiol regulation of pain. In other neurons, 17β‐estradiol (E2) has been shown to modulate L‐type VGCC through a membrane estrogen receptor‐group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR2/3). The present study investigated whether the rapid estradiol attenuation of the ATP‐induced increase in [Ca2+]i requires mGluR2/3. Previously we showed that DRG (L1–S3) express ERα, P2X3, and mGluR2/3 receptors. DRG were acutely dissociated by enzyme digestion and grown in short‐term culture for imaging analysis. DRG neurons were stimulated twice, once with ATP (50 μM) for 5 sec and then again in the presence of E2 (100 nM) or E2 (100 nM) + LY341495 (100 nM), an mGluR2/3 inhibitor. ATP induced a transient increase in [Ca2+]i (216.3 ± 41.2 nM). This transient increase could be evoked several times in the same DRG neurons if separated by a 5‐min washout. Treatment with estradiol significantly attenuated the ATP‐induced [Ca2+]i increase in 60% of the DRG neurons, to 163.3 ± 20.9 nM (P < 0.001). Coapplication of E2 and the mGluR2/3 inhibitor LY341495 blocked the 17β‐estradiol attenuation of the ATP‐induced [Ca2+]i transient (209.1 ± 32.2 nM, P > 0.05). These data indicate that the rapid action of E2 in DRG neurons is dependent on mGluR2/3 and demonstrate that membrane estrogen receptor‐α‐initiated signaling involves interaction with mGluRs. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and definition of primary and reworked tephra in Late Glacial and Holocene marine shelf sediments off North Iceland
Authors: Gudmundsdóttir Esther Ruth , Eiríksson Jón , Larsen Gudrún 
Published: July 2011

AbstractNine tephra layers in marine sediment cores (MD99‐2271 and MD99‐2275) from the North Icelandic shelf, spanning the Late Glacial and the Holocene, have been investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of methods to detect tephra layers in marine environments, to pinpoint the stratigraphic level of the time signal the tephra layers provide, and to discriminate between primary and reworked tephra layers in a marine environment. These nine tephra layers are the Borrobol‐like tephra, Vedde Ash, Askja S tephra, Saksunarvatn ash, and Hekla 5, Hekla 4, Hekla 3, Hekla 1104 and V1477 tephras. The methods used were visual inspection, magnetic susceptibility, X‐ray photography, mineralogical counts, grain size and morphological measurements, and microprobe analysis. The results demonstrate that grain size measurements and mineralogical counts are the most effective methods to detect tephra layers in this environment, revealing all nine tephra layers in question. Definition of the tephra layers revealed a 2–3 cm diffuse upper boundary in eight of the nine tephra layers and 2–3 cm diffuse lower boundary in two tephra layers. Using a multi‐parameter approach the stratigraphic position of a tephra layer was determined where the rate of change of the parameters tested was the greatest compared with background values below the tephra. The first attempt to use grain morphology to distinguish between primary and reworked tephra in a marine environment suggests that this method can be effective in verifying whether a tephra layer is primary or reworked. Morphological measurements and microprobe analyses in combination with other methods can be used to identify primary tephra layers securely. The study shows that there is a need to apply a combination of methods to detect, define (the time signal) and discriminate between primary and reworked tephra in marine environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstructing palaeoprecipitation from an active cave flowstone
Authors: Boch Ronny , Spötl Christoph 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSeveral drill cores were obtained from a laminated, actively forming flowstone from a shallow cave in Austria. Highly resolved petrographic and geochemical analyses combined with multi‐annual cave monitoring reveal a distinct sensitivity of flowstone growth and composition to late Holocene meteoric precipitation. The regular sub‐millimetre‐scale lamination consists of thicker, translucent laminae and thinner (organic) inclusion‐rich laminae. There is also a macroscopic millimetre‐scale banding of darker and lighter bands comprising several laminae. Stable isotope analyses of drill cores and modern calcite precipitates show a pronounced positive covariation of δ13C and δ18O values indicative of kinetic isotope effects. Comparing the isotope values with petrography shows gradual changes across several of the annual laminae, i.e. changes of several per mille on a multi‐annual to decadal timescale. The stable isotope and trace‐element composition, as well as the flowstone petrography, are mainly controlled by the variable drip‐water discharge controlling the water‐film thickness and water residence time on the flowstone surface and consequently the intensity of CO2‐degassing, kinetic isotope enrichment and concomitant calcite precipitation. Drill core PFU6 provides an isotope record of the last ca. 3000 years at near‐annual resolution. A distinct phase of low C and O isotope values – interpreted as increased discharge and hence higher meteoric precipitation – occurred from ca. 300 to 140 a b2k (second half of the Little Ice Age) and another wet interval occurred around 700 a, corresponding to reported Medieval glacier advances. The Roman Warm Period was also dominated by relatively wet conditions, although significant decadal variability prevailed. Increased precipitation further characterized the intervals from ca. 2480 to 2430 and 2950 to 2770 a. Dry conditions persisted during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, although this trend towards reduced precipitation started earlier. The highest C isotope values of the last 2 ka are recorded around 750 a and another dry phase is centred at 1480 a. This new record shows that inter‐annual to decadal oscillations are a dominant mode of variation during the last 3 ka in the Alps. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detailed seismic stratigraphy of Lago Puyehue: implications for the mode and timing of glacier retreat in the Chilean Lake District
Authors: Heirman Katrien , De Batist Marc , Charlet Francois , Moernaut Jasper , Chapron Emmanuel , Brümmer Robert , Pino Mario , Urrutia Roberto 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLago Puyehue is a glacigenic lake in the Chilean Lake District (40°S) with a complex deglaciation history. A detailed seismic–stratigraphic study of its sedimentary infill indicates a much earlier retreat of the glacier from the Lago Puyehue basin than the neighbouring glacier from the Lago Rupanco basin. Because of their close proximity, Rupanco meltwater streams played an important part in the depositional processes of Lago Puyehue. A timing discrepancy between the in‐lake ages of a sediment core and the outer‐lake ages of moraine deposits (re)opens the discussion on the timing of deglaciation in the Southern Hemisphere. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ratio of intra‐tumoral regulatory T cells (Foxp3+)/helper T cells (CD4+) is a prognostic factor and associated with recurrence pattern in gastric cardia cancer
Authors: Kim Hyoung‐Il , Kim Haeryoung , Cho Hyoung Won , Kim Sang Yong , Song Ki Jun , Hyung Woo Jin , Park Chung‐Gyu , Kim Choong‐Bai 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundTILs have been reported to be a prognostic factor in human cancers. We assessed the prognostic significance of tumor‐infiltrating regulatory T cells in gastric cardia cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the database of Severance Hospital for patients who underwent curative resection of gastric cardia cancer from Jan 2000 to Dec 2006 and identified 180 patients. Immunohistochemistry for TIL subsets was performed against CD3, CD4, CD8, Foxp3, and granzyme B in the resected tumor specimens. The absolute numbers and relative ratios of positively stained lymphocytes for each subset were evaluated.ResultsA high Foxp3/CD4 ratio was identified as an unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) using univariate and multivariate analysis of all immunologic variables. Patients group with high Foxp3/CD4 ratio was associated with loco‐regional recurrence (P = 0.033). In multivariate analysis for clinical and immunologic variables, the nodal status (hazards ratio—HR: 3.863, confidence interval—CI: 1.664–8.966, P = 0.002), depth of invasion (HR: 3.607, CI: 1.443–9.019, P = 0.006), and Foxp3/CD4 ratio (HR: 1.812, CI: 1.022–3.212, P = 0.042) were identified as independent prognostic factors for OS.ConclusionsA higher regulatory T cells/helper T cells ratio is associated with an unfavorable prognosis and loco‐regional recurrence pattern in gastric cardia cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011; 104:728–733. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of intra‐operative fluid volume on peri‐operative outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Melis Marcovalerio , Marcon Francesca , Masi Antonio , Sarpel Umut , Miller George , Moore Harvey , Cohen Steven , Berman Russell , Pachter H Leon , Newman Elliot 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackgroundExcess use of intravenous fluid can increase post‐operative complications. We examined the influence of intra‐operative crystalloid (IOC) administration on complications following pancreaticodudenectomy (PD) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.MethodsWe categorized 188 patients who underwent PD for adenocarcinoma (1990–2009) into two groups: Group I received <6,000 ml and Group II received ≥6,000 ml IOC. Differences between groups in length of stay, overall morbidity, and 30‐day mortality were evaluated.ResultsThere were 86 patients in Group I and 102 in Group II. Group I patients were older and with higher percentage of women, but similar in regards to performance status, ASA score, underlying comorbidities, and administration of neo‐adjuvant treatment. Group II patients had longer operations, increased blood loss, and higher rates of intra‐operative blood transfusions. There were two post‐operative deaths, both in the Group II (P = 0.5). Post‐operative overall morbidity was 45.7%, without differences between the two groups (44.2% vs. 47.1%, P = 0.7). Likewise, length of post‐operative stay was similar in both groups (13.8 days vs. 14.5 days, P = 0.5).ConclusionsThe volume of IOC increased with duration of surgery, intra‐operative blood losses, and intra‐operative blood transfusion, but did not correlate with post‐operative morbidity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 105:81–84. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trauma centrality and PTSD symptom severity in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Robinaugh Donald J. , McNally Richard J. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTheorists have posited that regarding a trauma as central to one's identity leads to greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. To test this hypothesis, we administered the Centrality of Events Scale (CES) to women reporting a history of childhood sexual abuse (N = 102). The CES scores were correlated with PTSD symptom severity, depression severity, and self‐esteem. In addition, we conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate factors underlying the CES. The PCA yielded 3 factors reflecting (a) the centrality and integration of the trauma, (b) whether the event is regarded as a turning point in one's life story, and (c) whether the event is a reference point for expectations about the future. Each factor was associated with PTSD symptom severity.
Group cognitive processing therapy delivered to veterans via telehealth: A pilot cohort
Authors: Morland Leslie A. , Hynes Anna K. , Mackintosh Margaret‐Anne , Resick Patricia A. , Chard Kathleen M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe authors report clinical findings from the pilot cohort of the first prospective, noninferiority‐designed randomized clinical trial evaluating the clinical outcomes of delivering a cognitive–behavioral group intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), via video teleconferencing (VT) compared to the in‐person modality. The treatment was delivered to 13 veterans with PTSD residing on the Hawaiian Islands. Results support the general feasibility and safety of using VT. Both groups showed clinically meaningful reductions in PTSD symptoms and no significant between‐group differences on clinical or process outcome variables. In keeping with treatment manual recommendations, a few changes were made to the CPT protocol to accommodate this population. Novel aspects of this trial and lessons learned are discussed.
The role of state wildlife professionals under the public trust doctrine
Authors: Smith Christian A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe Public Trust Doctrine (PTD) is considered the cornerstone of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation. Effective application of the PTD requires a clear understanding of the doctrine and appropriate behavior by trustees, trust managers, and beneficiaries. Most PTD literature refers generically to the role of the government as the people's trustee, without addressing the differences between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government in the United States or recognizing the distinction between elected and appointed officials and career civil servants. Elected and appointed officials, especially in the legislative branch, have policy‐level decision‐making authority that makes them trustees of the people's wildlife under the PTD. In contrast, career professionals working for state wildlife agencies (SWA's) have ministerial duties as trust managers. The differences between the roles of trustees and trust managers are important. By focusing on their role as trust managers, while supporting and respecting the role of elected and appointed officials as trustees, SWA professionals can more effectively advance application of the PTD. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Meta‐analysis of minimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy
Authors: Radford Peter D. , Ferguson Mark S. , Magill Jennifer C. , Karthikesalingham Alan P. , Alusi Ghassan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study is to compare minimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) to conventional thyroidectomy.Study Design:A systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis.Methods:All published prospective controlled trials that compared MIVAT to conventional thyroidectomy were identified. The trials data were extracted and statistical analyzed using Statsdirect 2.5.7.Results:Five trials were identified. The total number of patients was 318. The primary outcome measures were pain, postoperative hypocalcaemia, and postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. There was no difference in rates of postoperative hypocalcaemia or postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy between the techniques. Reported pain scores at 24 hours were significantly lower in MIVAT compared to conventional surgery. Pooled effect size was −4.496 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −7.146 to −2.045, P = .0004). The secondary outcome measures were operative time, blood loss, and cosmesis. There was significant improvement in patient reported scores for cosmesis with MIVAT. The pooled effect size was 3.669 (95% CI 0.636–60.702, P = .0178). MIVAT was associated with a significant increase in operative time. Pooled effect size was 1.681 (95% CI 0.600–2.762, P = .0023). There was no difference in blood loss between the groups.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that MIVAT is as safe as the existing gold standard operation. Furthermore, it has better cosmetic and pain outcomes for patients when compared to conventional surgery. MIVAT is a promising new technique, with obvious benefits over the established surgery, for small‐volume thyroid disease that mainly affects a young female patient population.
Sutureless repair of the facial nerve using biodegradable glass fabric
Authors: Starritt Nicola E. , Kettle Sarah A. J. , Glasby Michael A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To compare a sutureless method of facial nerve repair using a biodegradable glass fabric with the standard method of microsurgical suture.Study Design:The facial nerve was transected in groups of six sheep and repaired by either entubulation with a biodegradable glass fabric or standard microsurgical epineurial suture repair.Methods:Both methods of repair were compared with each other and with a normal control group using electrophysiological and morphometric analysis.Results:Maximum conduction velocity, axon and fiber diameter, and myelin‐sheath thickness were all reduced in the repaired nerves when compared with the normal nerves. There was no significant difference among any of the outcome variables between the repair groups.Conclusions:Repair of nerve injuries by entubulation has several theoretical advantages over standard suture repair: less trauma to nerve ends, no need for microsurgical skills, and delivery of neurotrophic growth factors. It is concluded that repair of the facial nerve by glass‐wrap entubulation offers an alternative to standard suture repair without the demands of microsurgery on both time and surgical expertise.
Phonation threshold pressure and flow in excised human larynges
Authors: Mau Ted , Muhlestein Joseph , Callahan Sean , Weinheimer Kent T. , Chan Roger W. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and phonation threshold flow (PTF) in excised human larynges; determine the effects of posterior glottal width, glottal area, and gender on PTP and PTF; test the hypothesis that hysteresis is present in excised human laryngeal phonation; and compare these results to those from canine experiments and human subject measurements.Study Design:Induced phonation of excised human larynges in the laboratory.Methods:Nine human larynges were harvested within 24 hours postmortem. PTP and PTF at phonation onset and offset were measured on a bench apparatus. The effects of posterior glottal width, glottal area, and gender were examined.Results:Large intersubject variability was observed in PTP and PTF. PTP was comparable to those measured in vivo, whereas PTF was substantially higher. One‐way ANOVA showed no significant dependence of PTP and PTF on posterior glottal width. Hysteresis was observed, with offset PTP and PTF lower than onset values. Offset measurements had significantly less variability than onset measurements (P = .012 for PTP, P = .0001 for PTF).Conclusions:This study is one of the first to report onset and offset PTP and PTF in fresh excised human larynges. The high PTF observed likely reflects a large direct current flow component due to vocal fold bowing. Offset PTP and PTF values may be intrinsically more reliably measured than onset values. The large intersubject variability in PTP and PTF may have implication for the clinical application of these aerodynamic parameters of phonation.
Anterior pedicle lateral nasal wall flap: A novel technique for the reconstruction of anterior skull base defects
Authors: Hadad Gustavo , Rivera‐Serrano Carlos M. , Bassagaisteguy Luis H. , Carrau Ricardo L , Fernandez‐Miranda Juan , Prevedello Daniel M. , Kassam Amin B. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectives:Expansion of the clinical indications for ablative endoscopic endonasal approaches has behooved us to search for new reconstruction alternatives. We present the anatomic foundations of a novel anterior pedicled lateral wall flap (Hadad‐Bassagaisteguy 2 or HB2 flap) for the vascularized reconstruction of anterior skull base defects.Study Design:Anatomic description. Feasibility study. Technical reportMethods:Using a cadaveric model, we investigated the feasibility of harvesting an anteriorly based mucoperiosteal flap from the lateral nasal wall. We then applied the techniques developed in the anatomical laboratory to reconstruct two patients with defects resulting from the endoscopic endonasal resection of esthesioneuroblastomas and one patient with an extensive meningoencephalocoele of the anterior cranial fossa.Results:HB2 flaps were harvested and transposed to reconstruct anterior skull base defects in cadaveric specimens, and subsequently, in three patients. The HB2 flap provided adequate coverage in the cadaveric model, as well as clinically in our three patients. Their postoperative healing was uneventful.Conclusions:The HB2 flap is a feasible alternative for the reconstruction of anterior skull base defects in select patients.
Crystalline and Conductive Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Fibers
Authors: Fanous Jean , Schweizer Michael , Schawaller Dirk , Buchmeiser Michael R. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractIntrinsically conducting polymer fibers are prepared from P3HT by melt spinning. High crystallinity is achieved by drawing the fibers after the spinning process, applying a draw ratio of 1:2. DSC and XRD measurements confirm the continuous increase of crystalline phases with drawing. For comparison, poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers are coated with P3HT and drawn as well. Again, the drawing of the coated fiber results in a significant increase in crystallinity of the P3HT coating. The high amount of crystalline phases is associated with a dramatic increase in conductivity (350 S · cm−1) after doping with FeCl3 in nitromethane.magnified image
Preparing Exfoliated MMT/Polymer Nanocomposites by Combined Latex Compounding and Spray‐Drying
Authors: Lu Ming , Wang Yiqing , Wu Youping , Quan Yannan , Wu Xiaohui , Zhang Liqun , Guo Baochun 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA facile and easily industrialized approach for preparing highly dispersed MMT/polymer nanocomposites is developed by combining the latex compounding method and a spray‐drying process. Clay particles are successfully delaminated into layers, and layer re‐stacking is effectively prevented. HR‐TEM and XRD results confirm that MMT layers achieve exfoliated or nearly exfoliated dispersion in both MMT/styrene‐butadiene rubber and MMT/PS nanocomposites. Compared with melt‐blended MMT/SBR composites, MMT/SBR nanocomposites prepared by this new strategy exhibit extremely high dynamic modulus.magnified image
Rigid cylinder in a transversely isotropic half‐space under lateral loads
Authors: Shahmohamadi M. , Khojasteh A. , Rahimian M. , Pak R. Y. S. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYA boundary integral equation method is presented for a rigid cylindrical pipe‐pile of finite length embedded in a transversely isotropic half‐space under lateral loads. In the framework of three‐dimensional elastostatics, the complicated soil‐structure interaction problem is shown to be reducible to three coupled Fredholm integral equations. Through an analysis of the associated Cauchy singular kernels, the intrinsic singular characteristics of the radial, angular, and vertical interfacial load transfers are rendered explicit. By means of a complicated numerical procedure, detailed results on the three‐dimensional load–transfer process are provided for benchmark comparison and practical applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.