bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted increase in cerebral blood flow by transcranial near‐infrared laser irradiation
Authors: Uozumi Yoichi , Nawashiro Hiroshi , Sato Shunichi , Kawauchi Satoko , Shima Katsuji , Kikuchi Makoto 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveBrain function is highly dependent on cerebral blood flow (CBF). The precise mechanisms by which blood flow is controlled by NIR laser irradiation on the central nervous system (CNS) have not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of 808 nm laser diode irradiation on CBF in mice.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe examined the effect of NIR irradiation on CBF at three different power densities (0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 W/cm2) and directly measured nitric oxide (NO) in brain tissue during NIR laser irradiation using an amperometric NO‐selective electrode. We also examined the contribution of NO and a neurotransmitter, glutamate, to the regulation of CBF by using a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, Ng‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L‐NAME), and an N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker, MK‐801, respectively. We examined the change in brain tissue temperature during NIR laser irradiation. We also investigated the protection effect of NIR laser irradiation on transient cerebral ischemia using transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in mice.ResultsWe showed that NIR laser irradiation (1.6 W/cm2 for 15–45 minutes) increased local CBF by 30% compared to that in control mice. NIR laser irradiation also induced a significant increase in cerebral NO concentration. In mice that received L‐NAME, NIR laser irradiation did not induce any increase in CBF. Mice administered MK‐801 showed an immediate increase but did not show a delayed additional increase in local CBF. The increase in brain tissue temperature induced by laser irradiation was estimated to be as low as 0.8°C at 1.6 W/cm2, indicating that the heating effect is not a main mechanism of the CBF increase in this condition. Pretreatment with NIR laser irradiation improved residual CBF and reduced the numbers of apoptotic cells in the hippocampus.ConclusionOur data suggest that NIR laser irradiation is a promising experimental and therapeutic tool in the field of cerebral circulation research. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:566–576, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Low‐level laser therapy in chronic autoimmune thyroiditis: A pilot study
Authors: Höfling Danilo B. , Chavantes Maria Cristina , Juliano Adriana G. , Cerri Giovanni G. , Romão Rossana , Yoshimura Elisabeth Mateus , Chammas Maria Cristina 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesChronic autoimmune thyroiditis (CAT) remains the most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism. There is currently no therapy that is capable of regenerating CAT‐damaged thyroid tissue. The objective of this study was to gauge the value of applying low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) in CAT patients based on both ultrasound studies (USs) and evaluations of thyroid function and thyroid autoantibodies.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFifteen patients who had hypothyroidism caused by CAT and were undergoing levothyroxine (LT4) treatment were selected to participate in the study. Patients received 10 applications of LLLT (830 nm, output power 50 mW) in continuous mode, twice a week, using either the punctual technique (8 patients) or the sweep technique (7 patients), with fluence in the range of 38–108 J/cm2. USs were performed prior to and 30 days after LLLT. USs included a quantitative analysis of echogenicity through a gray‐scale computerized histogram index (EI). Following the second ultrasound (30 days after LLLT), LT4 was discontinued in all patients and, if required, reintroduced. Triiodothyronine, thyroxine (T4), free T4, thyrotropin, thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies levels were assessed before LLLT and then 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 months after LT4 withdrawal.ResultsWe noted all patients' reduced LT4 dosage needs, including 7 (47%) who did not require any LT4 through the 9‐month follow‐up. The LT4 dosage used pre‐LLLT (96 ± 22 µg/day) decreased in the 9th month of follow‐up (38 ± 23 µg/day; P < 0.0001). TPOAb levels also decreased (pre‐LLLT = 982 ± 530 U/ml, post‐LLLT = 579 ± 454 U/ml; P = 0.016). TgAb levels were not reduced, though we did observe a post‐LLLT increase in the EI (pre‐LLLT = 0.99 ± 0.09, post‐LLLT = 1.21 ± 0.19; P = 0.001).ConclusionThe preliminary results indicate that LLLT promotes the improvement of thyroid function, as patients experienced a decreased need for LT4, a reduction in TPOAb levels, and an increase in parenchymal echogenicity. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:589–596, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Varying ratios of wavelengths in dual wavelength LED photomodulation alters gene expression profiles in human skin fibroblasts
Authors: McDaniel D.H. , Weiss R.A. , Geronemus R.G. , Mazur C. , Wilson S. , Weiss M.A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLED photomodulation has been shown to profoundly influence cellular behavior. A variety of parameters with LED photomodulation can alter cellular response in vitro. The effects of one visible and one infrared wavelength were evaluated to determine the optimal ratio to produce a net increase in dermal collagen by altering the ratio of total energy output of each wavelength. The ratio between the two wavelengths (590 and 870 nm) was shifted in 25% increments.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHuman skin fibroblasts in culture were exposed to a 590/870 nm LED array with total combined energy density fixed at 4.0 mW/cm.. The ratio of 590/870 nm tested parameters were: 100/0%, 75/25%, 50/50%, 25/75%, and 0/100%. These ratios were delivered using pulsed duty cycle of exposure (250 milliseconds “on” time/100 milliseconds “off” time/100 pulses) for a total energy fluence of 0.1 J/cm.. Gene expression was examined using commercially available extra cellular matrix and adhesion molecule RT PCR Arrays (SA Biosciences, Fredrick, MD) at 24 hours post‐exposure.ResultsDifferent expression profiles were noticed for each of the ratios studied. Overall, there was an average (in an 80 gene array) of 6% expression difference in up or downregulation between the arrays. The greatest increase in collagen I and decrease in collagenase (MMP‐1) was observed with 75/25% ratio of 590/870 nm. The addition of increasing proportions of IR wavelengths causes alteration in gene expression profile. The ratios of the wavelengths caused variation in magnitude of expression.ConclusionsCell metabolism and gene expression can be altered by simultaneous exposure to multiple wavelengths of low energy light. Varying the ratios of specific wavelength intensity in both visible and near infrared light therapy can strongly influence resulting fibroblast gene expression patterns. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:540–545, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Effect of pulsing in low‐level light therapy
Authors: Hashmi Javad T. , Huang Ying‐Ying , Sharma Sulbha K. , Kurup Divya Balachandran , De Taboada Luis , Carroll James D. , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveLow level light (or laser) therapy (LLLT) is a rapidly growing modality used in physical therapy, chiropractic, sports medicine and increasingly in mainstream medicine. LLLT is used to increase wound healing and tissue regeneration, to relieve pain and inflammation, to prevent tissue death, to mitigate degeneration in many neurological indications. While some agreement has emerged on the best wavelengths of light and a range of acceptable dosages to be used (irradiance and fluence), there is no agreement on whether continuous wave or pulsed light is best and on what factors govern the pulse parameters to be chosen.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe published peer‐reviewed literature was reviewed between 1970 and 2010.ResultsThe basic molecular and cellular mechanisms of LLLT are discussed. The type of pulsed light sources available and the parameters that govern their pulse structure are outlined. Studies that have compared continuous wave and pulsed light in both animals and patients are reviewed. Frequencies used in other pulsed modalities used in physical therapy and biomedicine are compared to those used in LLLT.ConclusionThere is some evidence that pulsed light does have effects that are different from those of continuous wave light. However further work is needed to define these effects for different disease conditions and pulse structures. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:450–466, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Prophylactic low‐level light therapy for the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids: A case series
Authors: Barolet Daniel , Boucher Annie 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHypertrophic and keloid scars result from alterations in the wound healing process. Treating abnormal scars remains an important challenge. The aim of this case series was to investigate the effectiveness of near infrared (NIR) light emitting diode (LED) treatment as a prophylactic method to alter the wound healing process in order to avoid or attenuate the formation of hypertrophic scars or keloids.Study Design/Patients and MethodsThree patients (age 27–57) of phototypes I–III with hypertrophic scars or keloids due to acne or surgery participated in this case series. Following scar revision by surgery or CO2 laser ablation on bilateral areas, one scar was treated daily by the patient at home with non‐thermal, non‐ablative NIR LED (805 nm at 30 mW/cm2) for 30 days. Efficacy assessments, conducted up to a year post‐treatment, included the Vancouver Scar scale (VSS), clinical global assessment of digital photographs, and quantitative profilometry analysis using PRIMOS. Safety was documented by adverse effects monitoring.ResultsSignificant improvements on the NIR‐treated versus the control scar were seen in all efficacy measures. No significant treatment‐related adverse effects were reported.ConclusionPossible mechanisms involved are inhibition of TGF‐βI expression. Further studies in larger group of patients are needed to evaluate this promising technique. Lasers Surg. Med. 42:597–601, 2010. © 2010 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
Removal of CSF pixels on brain MR perfusion images using first several images and Otsu's thresholding technique
Authors: Kao Yi‐Hsuan , Mu‐Huo Teng Michael , Zheng Wen‐Yan , Chang Feng‐Chi , Chen Yu‐Fen 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBrain MR perfusion imaging is used to evaluate local perfusion in patients with cerebral vascular disease. Quantitative measurements on the hemodynamic parameters and volume of brain with abnormal perfusion provide an estimation of the severity of the brain perfusion defect. However, quantitative measurements of these focal cerebral hemodynamic parameters are limited by the presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pixels. We noticed that the CSF has a higher signal than other tissue types on the first perfusion image, which is usually discarded in routine parametric image calculations. This signal difference, however, can be used to segment CSF pixels on the perfusion images. An image division was used to generate ratio images to compensate for spatially dependent signal variation caused by the inhomogeneity of excitation radiofrequency field. By applying an appropriate signal threshold to the ratio images, CSF pixels can be identified and removed from the parametric images. With the removal of CSF pixels, the volume of delayed‐perfusion brain parenchyma can be better visualized and the interference from the CSF can be avoided. The proposed technique is simple, fast, automatic, and effective, and no extra scanning is needed to use this technique. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The biodistribution of [153Gd]Gd‐labeled magnetic resonance contrast agents in a transgenic mouse model of renal failure differs greatly from control mice
Authors: Wadas Thaddeus J. , Sherman Christopher D. , Miner Jeffrey H. , Duncan James R. , Anderson Carolyn J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractNephrogenic systemic fibrosis occurs in renally impaired patients who have undergone contrast enhanced MR examination using intravenous gadolinium‐based contrast agents. The effect of impaired kidney function on the biodistribution of gadolinium‐based contrast agents was investigated using radiolabeled 153/Natgadolinium‐DOTA, 153/Natgadolinium‐DTPA, and 153/Natgadolinium‐DTPA‐BMA in a transgenic mouse model of renal impairment. Renally impaired animals had more activity associated with their tissues than did control mice, and this increase varied according to the radiotracer injected. For example, after 7 days, renally impaired animals that received 153/NatGd‐DOTA had 3‐fold (P < 0.037) more activity in their bone tissue, whereas renally impaired animals receiving 153/NatGd‐DTPA and 153/NatGd‐DTPA‐BMA had 8‐fold (P < 0.0001) and 24‐fold (P < 0.0001) more activity in their bone tissue, respectively. These findings demonstrate that renal impairment dramatically alters the tissue distribution of Gd3+ ions in vivo, which are likely a critical factor in the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mit Säulenschaltung gegen Matrixeffekte
Authors: Leinweber Felix Christian , Krempel Kurt , Schulz Günter 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBei der chromatographischen Restmonomerbestimmung in Polymeren ist die Reproduzierbarkeit eingeschränkt, wenn Polymere auf der analytischen Säule adsorbieren. Ein Trennsystem mit Vorsäule kann dies verhindern.
Energiewirtschaft mit Silicium: Fakten und Perspektiven
Authors: Auner Norbert 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAls Bindeglied zwischen Solarenergie und dezentraler Wasserstofferzeugung können bald perhalogenierte Polysilane fungieren – zugänglich aus Siliciumtetrahalogenid und Wasserstoff im Plasmareaktor. Das aus perhalogeniertem Polysilan erzeugte Silicium kann zu Modulen für die Photovoltaik verarbeitet werden und festes hydriertes Polysilan als permanenter Wasserstoffträger zum Einsatz kommen.
Selbststerilisierende Oberflächen
Authors: Tiller Joerg 
Published: July 2010

AbstractBiologische Kontaminationen durch Mikroben sind nicht nur aus medizinischer und hygienischer Sicht ein Problem, sondern auch aus umwelttechnischen und ökonomischen Gründen. Auf der Suche nach Alternativkonzepten, die z. B. Beschichtungen mit toxischen Schwermetallen ersetzen, geht der Trend dahin, umweltverträgliche Biozide auf Ober‐ flächen so zu immobilisieren, dass sie Mikroben bei Kontakt töten.
Verein Ungarischer Chemiker feiert hundertjähriges Bestehen
Authors: Móra László , Liptay György , Vámo Éva 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIm Juni 1907 verbanden sich ungarische Chemiker zu einem Verein. Damals wie heute will er die gesellschaftliche Stellung der Chemiker verbessern, das Berufsethos pflegen und den Chemieunterricht fördern.
Funktionelles Drucken mit anorganischen Halbleitern
Authors: Schneider Jörg J. , Engstler Jörg 
Published: July 2010

AbstractWie lassen sich kleinste Strukturen aus Silicium, Metallchalkogeniden oder Zinkoxid “in Serie” auf Oberflächen bannen? Die Anforderungen sind enorm: Die Substanzen sollen sich aus kondensierter Phase ortsselektiv abscheiden und bei relativ niedriger Temperatur sintern lassen.
Pittcon 2007: Ein Wiedersehen mit Chicago
Authors: Karst Uwe 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEin attraktives Programm mit HPLC/MS als einem Schwerpunkt lockte trotz des Winterwetters mehr Besucher als in den letzten Jahren zur Pittcon. Sie fand vom 25. Februar bis zum 2. März in der Metropole am Michigansee statt.
Neues Angebot von VAA und GDCh stößt auf starkes Interesse
Authors: Bengs Holger 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDas Netzwerk an den Universitäten zwischen Kiel und Konstanz, zwischen Aachen und Dresden wächst von Woche zu Woche. Bis zum 20. März hatten sich bereits 150 Studenten für die neue Doppelmitgliedschaft für Studierende in der GDCh und im VAA eingetragen. Seit dem 1. Januar profitiert der akademische Nachwuchs von der Kooperation beider Organisationen – zu einem fairen Preis und ohne bürokratischen Aufwand.
Schnelle LC für tricyclische Antidepressiva
Authors: Weß Carsten , Winkler Marcus 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSäulenmaterialien mit Partikeldurchmessern unter 2 µm können die chromatographische Trennung beschleunigen, ohne dass die Präzision leidet. Dies erfordert allerdings die Optimierung sämtlicher Parameter.
Arbeiten in den Alpenländern
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSkifahren in Kitzbühel oder Wandern in Graubünden – Deutschlands südliche Nachbar‐länder Österreich und Schweiz sind Vielen eine Reise wert. Aber es muss nicht immer nur Urlaub sein: Für Chemiker lohnt sich auch bei der Stellensuche ein Blick über die Grenzen.
A different approach for the study of the crystallization kinetics in polymers. Key study: poly(ethylene terephthalate)/ SiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Papageorgiou George , Bikiaris Dimitrios N , Chrissafis Konstantinos 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPolymer crystallization is complex and difficult to model, especially when it is non‐isothermal and even more so when describing cold crystallization. In most cases, two different processes occur, so‐called primary and secondary crystallization. In the literature, two assumptions are generally made. Firstly, the validity of the Avrami model is assumed a priori. Secondly, for calculations of the kinetic parameters and activation energy, data from a single differential scanning calorimetry scan at a given heating rate are used. The other popular model, that of Ozawa, is also based on similar assumptions. In the study reported here, a different approach was adopted, which uses multiple scans at various heating rates simultaneously. Here the experimental data of the non‐isothermal cold crystallization of an in situ‐prepared poly(ethylene terephthalate)/1% SiO2 nanocomposite were used. Data were analysed following both the ordinary procedure and the method proposed in this work. Findings showed that when the Avrami model is a priori supposed to hold and the data of different heating rates are analysed separately, results are not acceptable. The new approach involves calculation of the activation energy through use of the isoconversional methods of Ozawa–Flynn–Wall and Friedman over the whole range of the crystallization conversion. The reaction model f(a) was determined after the evaluation of 16 different models. The best fitting was achieved for the Prout–Tompkins model or for a mechanism involving two steps described by respective Avrami equations with different activation energies. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation of modified polybutene‐1 by oxidation and limonene radical grafting using an Nd2O3‐assisted radical initiator system and its characterization
Authors: Nakatani Hisayuki , Ichizyu Tadashi , Miura Hiroyuki , Terano Minoru 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFree radical graft polymerization has been used as a modification method to incorporate functional groups into polyolefins using a melt‐mixing process. In this work, modification of polybutene‐1 (PB) was performed by limonene radical graft polymerization using the Nd2O3/dicumyl peroxide (DCP) radical initiator system with various mixing ratios in air. The effects of the modification on the crystallization and tensile behavior were studied in detail. The modified PB samples had ketone and limonene groups. The contents of both the ketone and the limonene groups were highest in the modified PB prepared using Nd2O3/DCP (2/0.2 wt%/PB), and a conjugated diene group was found to be produced by a side‐reaction. Excess Nd2O3 lowered the limonene graft content in the modified PB. The rate of crystal phase transition (II → I) decreased with an increase of limonene content. The presence of a small amount of the ketone group increased the rate, and the modified PB having a small ketone content exhibited more ductility due to its higher crystal phase transition rate. It was found that there was an optimum mixing ratio of the Nd2O3/DCP initiator system for the modification. The ketone and the limonene groups affected the rate of the crystal phase transition and the tensile properties of the modified PB. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Poly(ethylene glycol) Films Deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Liquid Deposition and Atmospheric Pressure Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition: Process, Chemical Composition Analysis and Biocompatibility
Authors: Nisol Bernard , Poleunis Claude , Bertrand Patrick , Reniers François 
Published: July 2010

AbstractPoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) films are known to be protein‐repelling and to reduce biofilms attachment. We use a simple, easy to set up, versatile atmospheric pressure radiofrequency plasma to deposit plasma‐polymerized poly(ethylene glycol) films onto polyvinylfluoride (PVF) and gold surfaces, using liquid or gaseous tetraglyme (CH3O(CH2CH2O)4CH3) as precursor. The chemical composition of the films was studied using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary ions mass spectroscopy. Bovine Serum Albumin adsorption has revealed good biocompatible properties that are correlated to the surface composition.
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ROCK2 is involved in accelerated fetal lung development induced by in vivo lung distension
Authors: Cloutier Marc , Tremblay Monique , Piedboeuf Bruno 
Published: July 2010

AbstractLung development is strongly influenced by its state of distension. For instance, increasing distension induced by fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) stimulates lung development. In contrast, oligohydramnios (OH) reduces lung distending forces and results in lung hypoplasia. We hypothesize that Rho/Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK) pathway plays an important role as mechanosensor in vivo acting either directly or indirectly in the translation of increased distension into acceleration of lung growth. TO was done in fetal mice sacrificed either 3 or 24 hr later; in a subset of dam, fasudil, a specific ROCK inhibitor, or vehicle was injected intra‐peritoneally. OH was done by puncture of the amniotic sac. ROCK2 protein levels were assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC); lung development was assessed by measuring the generation of distal respiratory airway. Significant differences were found in ROCK2 protein levels between TO and Sham‐TO at 3 and 24 hr, but not for ROCK1. Indeed, IHC revealed that ROCK2 staining was sparse and restricted to a few mesenchymal cells in Sham‐TO, whereas it was strong in acini of TO lungs. OH lungs expressed lower levels of ROCK2 in the acini when compared to untouched controls. In fasudil‐treated animals, the degree of lung development following TO was significantly lower than in the group injected with vehicle. At the dose regimen used, fasudil did not affect normal lung development, as observed in the untouched animals. In summary, ROCK2 protein levels was affected by the degree of lung expansion and blunting ROCK activity abolished the response to increased lung distension, suggesting that ROCK is a key regulator in TO‐induced accelerated lung development. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010; 45:966–976. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.