bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Malodorous Compound Causes Oxidative Stress and p53‐Mediated Programmed Cell Death in Keratinocyte Stem Cells
Authors: Calenic Bogdan , Yaegaki Ken , Kozhuharova Ana , Imai Toshio 
Published: May 2010

Background: It is well known that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the main substance causing physiologic halitosis, is also involved in the etiology of periodontitis. Gingival crevicular epithelium is the first barrier against periodontal pathogens and their products; keratinocyte stem cells play key roles in maintaining this barrier. An increased apoptotic process can affect keratinocyte stem cells, having a direct impact on oral epithelial tissue architecture. Our objective is to determine whether H2S induces apoptosis in human keratinocyte stem cells.Methods: Apoptosis levels; p53 activity; reactive oxygen species; mitochondrial membrane depolarization; cytochrome C release; and caspase‐9, ‐8, and ‐3 were assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. Genomic DNA damage was examined using single‐cell gel electrophoresis. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used for Bax detection.Results: The percentage of apoptotic cells was significantly increased (20.5% ± 1.6% versus 4.5% ± 1.1% at 24 hours and 37.8% ± 5.4% versus 4.8% ± 0.9% at 48 hours; P <0.05, respectively; n = 5). Mitochondrial membrane potential was collapsed and reactive oxygen species levels were significantly increased compared to their control groups. At each time point the amount of released cytochrome C into the cytosol was significantly increased. Caspase‐9 and ‐3 activities were significantly increased (P <0.05), whereas caspase‐8 remained inactive. After both 24 and 48 hours, total and phosphorylated p53 levels were significantly increased.Conclusion: We conclude that H2S can induce apoptosis in human keratinocyte stem cells, a key component of the epithelial barrier, following DNA damage and p53 activation.
Diabetes-Specific Family Conflict and Blood Glucose Monitoring in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: Mediational Role of Diabetes Self-Efficacy
Authors: Sander Emily P. , Odell Shannon , Hood Korey K. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Purpose. To determine whether the association between diabetes-specific family conflict and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) frequency is mediated by diabetes self-efficacy.
Methods. A total of 276 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (aged 15.6 ± 1.4 years; duration of diabetes 6.6 ± 1.8 years; A1C 8.9 ± 1.8%) completed measures of diabetes-specific family conflict and self-efficacy. Sociodemographic, family, and disease characteristics (including SMBG frequency and glycemic control) were obtained at the clinic visit.
Results. Multivariate analyses were used to test the mediational role of self-efficacy. The first model established that family conflict was associated with lower levels of self-efficacy. The second model established that increased family conflict was associated with lower SMBG frequency. In the third model, self-efficacy was added, and the effect of family conflict on SMBG frequency became less significant (P = 0.001 to P = 0.03). The indirect effect of family conflict on SMBG frequency through diabetes self-efficacy was significant (Sobel = 2.10, P = 0.035) and explained 22% of the association between family conflict and SMBG frequency.
Conclusions. Results confirm a partial mediational role of diabetes self-efficacy and suggest that a family environment characterized by conflict may also contain poorer self-efficacy in the adolescent. In these cross-sectional analyses, both variables contributed to less frequent SMBG. Future longitudinal research to confirm these relationships and potential avenues for intervention are discussed.
Phenomenology of the nucleon-nucleon potential
Authors: Kamuntavičius Gintautas , Kaminskas Marius 
Published: May 2010

AbstractA local nucleon-nucleon potential expansion is developed in terms of orthogonal projectors. Considering the nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential as a completely phenomenological structure, the expansion provides an opportunity to obtain the NN scattering phase shifts that can be described by applying a restricted set of operators, dependent on angular and spin-isospin degrees of freedom of the interacting nucleons. The results obtained with an approximation for eight basic operators (central, spin-orbit and tensorial) are consistent with experience in the field, and provide directions for further modifications of realistic NN potentials.
Inhibition of calpain but not caspase activity by spectrin fragments
Authors: Rolius Ramunas , Antoniou Chloe , Nazarova Lidia , Kim Stephen , Cobb Garrett , Gala Pooja , Rajaram Priyanka , Li Qufei , Fung Leslie 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCalpains and caspases are ubiquitous cysteine proteases that are associated with a variety of cellular pathways. Calpains are involved in processes such as long term potentiation, cell motility and apoptosis, and have been shown to cleave non-erythroid (brain) α- and β-spectrin and erythroid β-spectrin. The cleavage of erythroid α-spectrin by calpain has not been reported. Caspases play an important role in the initiation and execution of apoptosis, and have been shown to cleave non-erythroid but not erythroid spectrin. We have studied the effect of spectrin fragments on calpain and caspase activities. The erythroid and non-erythroid spectrin fragments used were from the N-terminal region of α-spectrin, and C-terminal region of β-spectrin, both consisting of regions involved in spectrin tetramer formation. We observed that the all spectrin fragments exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on calpain, but not caspase activity. It is clear that additional studies are warranted to determine the physiological significance of calpain inhibition by spectrin fragments. Our findings suggest that calpain activity is modulated by the presence of spectrin partial domains at the tetramerization site. It is not clear whether the inhibitory effect is substrate specific or is a general effect. Further studies of this inhibitory effect may lead to the identification and development of new therapeutic agents specifically for calpains, but not for caspases. Proteins/peptides with a coiled coil helical conformation should be studied for potential inhibitory effects on calpain activity.
Time Courses of Adaptation in Lumbar Extensor Performance of Patients With a Single-Level Microdiscectomy During a Physical Therapy Exercise Program
Authors: Flanagan Sean P. , Kulig Kornelia ,   PTClinResNet
Published: May 2010

Study Design Longitudinal single-cohort study. Objective To characterize the time course of performance adaptations during a postsurgical exercise intervention following a single-level microdiscectomy. Background Patients with a recent history of lumbar microdiscectomy are functionally limited, weak, have compromised paraspinal musculature, and benefit from an exercise program. Methods Patients (n = 48) with a single-level microdiscectomy participated in a 12-week (36 sessions) comprehensive strength and endurance exercise program starting 4 to 6 weeks postsurgery. Lumbar extensor strength was quantified as the degree from horizontal on a modified Sorensen test procedure. Patients unable to assume the horizontal position were assumed to have strength deficits. Lumbar muscular endurance performance was quantified by the amount of time patients could hold the Sorensen test position at the horizontal. The time rate of lumbar muscular endurance adaptations were analyzed using longitudinal growth curve modeling. Results The adherence rate of this program was low (67%). Twenty percent of the patients were identified as having strength deficits. These deficits were corrected in all patients within 3 to 9 weeks. Linear mixed-model results suggest an improvement of 5.6 seconds in hold time per week of exercise. Both the initial level of endurance and the rates of improvements were highly individualized. Conclusion The time course of musculoskeletal performance adaptations in persons with a history of lumbar surgery is highly individualized. When compared to normative endurance times, the results of this study indicate that the number of sessions and duration of therapy needed to generate meaningful adaptations of the paraspinal musculature is longer than what is typically provided in the clinic postsurgery. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(6):336–344. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3141
Effects of Recovery Method After Exercise on Performance, Immune Changes, and Psychological Outcomes
Authors: Stacey Douglas L. , Gibala Martin J. , Martin Ginis Kathleen A. , Timmons Brian W. 
Published: May 2010

Study Design Randomized controlled trial using a repeated-measures design. Objectives To examine the effects of commonly used recovery interventions on time trial performance, immune changes, and psychological outcomes. Background The use of cryotherapy is popular among athletes, but few studies have simultaneously examined physiological and psychological responses to different recovery strategies. Methods Nine active men performed 3 trials, consisting of three 50-kJ “all out” cycling bouts, with 20 minutes of recovery after each bout. In a randomized order, different recovery interventions were applied after each ride for a given visit: rest, active recovery (cycling at 50 W), or cryotherapy (cold tub with water at 10°C). Blood samples obtained during each session were analyzed for lactate, IL-6, total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte cell counts. Self-assessments of pain, perceived exertion, and lower extremity sensations were also completed. Results Time trial performance averaged 118 ± 10 seconds (mean ± SEM) for bout 1 and was 8% and 14% slower during bouts 2 (128 ± 11 seconds) and 3 (134 ± 11 seconds), respectively, with no difference between interventions (time effect, P≤.05). Recovery intervention did not influence lactate or IL-6, although greater mobilization of total leukocytes and neutrophils was observed with cryotherapy. Lymphopenia during recovery was greater with cryotherapy. Participants reported that their lower extremities felt better after cryotherapy (mean ± SEM, 6.0 ± 0.7 out of 10) versus active recovery (4.8 ± 0.9) or rest (2.8 ± 0.6) (trial effect, P≤.05). Conclusions Common recovery interventions did not influence performance, although cryotherapy created greater immune cell perturbation and the perception that the participants' lower extremities felt better. Level of Evidence Performance enhancement, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(10):656–665.doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3224
Standardization of Adverse Event Terminology and Reporting in Orthopaedic Physical Therapy: Application to the Cervical Spine
Authors: Carlesso Lisa C. , MacDermid Joy C. , Santaguida Lina P. 
Published: May 2010

Synopsis Orthopaedic physical therapy is considered safe, based on a lack of reported harms. Most of the research until now has focused on benefits. Consideration of benefits and harm involves informed consent, clinical decision making, and cost-benefit analyses. Benefits and harms are treatment and dosage specific. There is currently an insufficient number of dosage trials in orthopaedic physical therapy to identify optimal dosage for common interventions, including exercise and manual therapy. Published cases of severe adverse events following chiropractic manipulation illustrate the need for physical therapy to have high-quality data documenting the safety of orthopaedic physical therapy, including cervical manipulation. A recent systematic review identified poor reporting standards of harms within clinical research in this area. Lack of standardization of terminology has contributed to this problem. Pharmacovigilence provides a framework for terms that orthopaedic physical therapy can adapt and thereafter adopt into clinical practice and research. Adverse events are unexpected events that occur following an intervention without evidence of causality. Where temporality of an event is highly suggestive of causality, the term “adverse reaction” may be more appropriate. Future studies in orthopaedic physical therapy should adopt the CONSORT statement extension on the reporting of harms, published in 2004, to ensure better reporting. Consistent reporting of harms in both research and clinical practice requires professional consensus on terminology pertaining to harms, as well as defining what constitutes an adverse event or an adverse reaction. Widespread consultation and consensus should support optimal definitions and processes and facilitate their implementation into practice. This paper is focused on theoretical considerations and evidence in terms of harm reporting within physical therapy using cervical manual therapy as an example. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(8):455–463. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3229
Northern Exposure: Resistance to Naval Impressment in British North America, 1775–1815
Authors: Mercer Keith 
Published: May 2010

Abstract: Focusing on resistance, this article examines naval impressment in British North America from 1775 to 1815. Although neglected in Canadian historiography, press gangs sparked urban unrest and political turmoil in seaports such as Halifax, St John's, and Quebec City. Impressment reached into most coastal areas of British North America by the early nineteenth century and its sailors and inhabitants employed a range of strategies to resist it. They also confronted it directly, sometimes with violent results. Press gang riots in St John's in 1794 and Halifax in 1805 led to a prohibition on impressment on shore for much of the Napoleonic Wars. Popular protest served as the catalyst for official resistance to the British Navy and had a lasting impact on civil–naval relations in the North Atlantic world. While the study of popular disturbances in Canadian history usually begins in the mid-nineteenth century, this paper shows that they were important in earlier generations as well. This was often the result of tensions caused by imperial warfare and quarrels with military personnel.
Modeling Cd partitioning in oxic lake sediments and Cd concentrations in the freshwater bivalve Anodonta grandis
Authors: Tessier A. , Couillard Y. , Campbell P. G. C. , Auclair J. C. 
Published: May 2010

Cadmium concentrations were measured at 49 littoral sites in 38 lakes distributed over 350,000 km2 in the provinces of Québec and Ontario, both in the abiotic environment (oxic sediments and overlying water, diagenetic iron oxyhydroxide deposits on Teflon collectors) and in the soft tissues of the freshwater bivalve Anodonta grandis collected along a Cd contamination gradient. Concentrations of dissolved Cd above the water‐sediment interface were highly undersaturated with respect to CdCO3(s). The partitioning of Cd between water and surficial oxic sediments is interpreted in terms of sorption of this metal to sedimentary organic matter and Fe oxyhydroxides, by means of surface complexation concepts. Binding intensity values for the sorption of Cd to Fe oxyhydroxides (KFe−Cd) and organic matter (KOM−Cd) are estimated from field data (i.e. Cd concentrations in diagenetic Fe deposits, in the sediments, and in the water). The following empirical relationships between binding intensities and lake pH are found: log KFe−Cd = 0.82 pH − 1.30 (r2 = 0.89) and log KOM−Cd = 0.97 pH − 2.45 (r2 = 0.78). Calculated Cd partitioning with these binding intensities indicates that Cd is bound mainly to organic matter in these sediments.Linear regression analysis indicates that Cd concentrations in the soft tissues of the bivalves, [Cd(Org)] (µg g−1 dry wt), are related to dissolved Cd concentrations: [Cd(Org)] = 44[Cd2+] + 10 (r2 = 0.81) for [Cd2+] expressed in nmol liter−1. In these lakes, simple normalization of sedimentary extractable Cd with respect to sedimentary Fe oxyhydroxide or organic C concentrations proved inadequate for predicting Cd concentrations in A. grandis. Combining surface complexation concepts with the free‐metal ion model of trace metal‐organism interactions, we show that Cd concentrations in the soft tissues of A. grandis can be predicted with similar success as with the dissolved Cd concentration from water pH and sediment chemistry (total sedimentary Cd, Fe oxyhydroxides, and organic C concentrations).
The effect of peritrich ciliates on the production of Acartia hudsonica in Long Island Sound
Authors: Weissman Penny , Lonsdale Darcy J. , Yen Jeannette 
Published: May 2010

We studied the effects of attached peritrich ciliates on the fitness of natural populations of Acartia hudsonica (Pinhey) in Stony Brook Harbor, Long Island Sound. Ciliate infection occurred during late spring, and ciliate load (No. ind.−1) was not related to copepod age, stage, or body size. Simulated in situ experiments conducted throughout the period of abundance of A. hudsonica showed that egg production rate (No. d−1) was positively correlated to ambient water temperature, but negatively correlated to ciliate load. Salinity and the concentration of total or >8–10 µm Chl a were not significant in explaining the variation in egg production rate. Egg hatching success (%) was not influenced by the infection status (presence or absence) of the female. Infected nauplii had lower survival rates (d−1) compared to uninfected nauplii, but their developmental rates (molts d−1) were not significantly different.Significantly slower average sinking rates were found for infected adults compared to uninfected adults. Slower sinking rates for infected copepods may have been due to an increase in surface area which increased drag. Infected adults with slower sinking rates may be more susceptible to predation. Our findings show that peritrich ciliates can play a role in the seasonal decline and future recruitment of A. hudsonica.
Algal photosynthetic activity and its response to meromixis in hypersaline Mono Lake, California
Authors: Jellison Robert , Melack John M. 
Published: May 2010

Photosynthetic activity was measured in hypersaline Mono Lake during an 8‐yr period (1983–1990) spanning the onset (1983), persistence (1984–1987), and breakdown of meromixis (1988). Algal biomass in spring and autumn decreased following the onset of meromixis and annual photosynthetic production was reduced (269–462 g C m−2 yr−1; 1984–1986) compared to nonmeromictic conditions (499–641 g C m−2 yr−1; 1989 and 1990). A gradual increase in photosynthetic production occurred even before meromixis ended because of increased vertical flux of ammonium due to deeper mixing and the buildup of ammonium in the monimolimnion. Annual production was greatest in 1988 (1,064 g C m−2 yr−1) when the weakening of chemical stratification and eventual breakdown of meromixis in November resulted in large fluxes of ammonium into the euphotic zone.Most of the variation in rates of light‐saturated carbon uptake normalized to chlorophyll a (assimilation numbers) was explained by a regression on temperature (60%); measures of the light and nutrient environments accounted for a further 8% of the observed variation. Estimates of ammonium supply due to vertical mixing and Artemia monica excretion indicate nitrogen is most likely to limit photosynthetic production during spring and late autumn when A. monica is absent and algal biomass high. Light is also likely to limit production during these periods based on comparisons of the average mixed‐layer irradiance to the light intensity at which maximum photosynthetic rates were reached. Light limitation was more pronounced under monomictic conditions when algal biomass was higher.
Nutrient limitation and grazing control of the Baltic plankton community during annual succession
Authors: Kivi K. , Kaitala S. , Kuosa H. , Kuparinen J. , Leskinen E. , Lignell R. , Marcussen B. , Tamminen T. 
Published: May 2010

Nutrient limitation and grazing control of the planktonic community were studied in the northern Baltic Sea off the SW coast of Finland during the phytoplankton growth season of 1985. In situ experiments based on a 23 factorial design were performed in mesocosm enclosures on 10 occasions. The manipulations used included phosphorus (PO43−) and nitrogen (NH4+) additions and the removal of metazooplankton by 100‐µm prefiltration. In each experiment, the responses of phytoplankton, bacterioplankton, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and protozooplankton were followed for 2 d. Orthogonal multiple regression analysis was used to reveal which manipulations had statistically significant effects.Nitrogen was found to be the basic limiting nutrient for phytoplankton throughout the productive season. During early summer, only the combined addition of P and N evoked a clear increase in the growth of phytoplankton. In general, bacterial productivity was not highly affected by the manipulations. In summer the removal of metazooplankton caused a rapid increase in the amount of protozooplankton in the units with 100‐µm prefiltration or prefiltration combined with N addition. In the absence of metazooplankton, the nutrient‐induced increase in primary productivity was channeled to protozooplankton, whose growth in the units where metazooplankton was present was severely limited by food competition or by direct metazooplankton grazing.
Potamocorbula amurensis: Comparison of clearance rates and assimilation efficiencies for phytoplankton and bacterioplankton
Authors: Werner Ingeborg , Hollibaugh James T. 
Published: May 2010

This study compared clearance and assimilation of natural bacterioplankton (<1.2 µm) and cultured phytoplankton by an Asian bivalve, Potamocorbula amurensis. The average clearance rate for bacterioplankton was 45 ml h−1 clam−1 and was independent of the size (shell length, wet wt including shell, or dry tissue wt) of the clam. The clearance rate for phytoplankton is given by f = 162 + 166 × WW or f = −40 + 199 × L where f, WW, and L are clearance rate (ml h−1), wet weight including shell (g), and shell length (cm).Bacteria were readily assimilated by P. amurensis. Gross assimilation was 73% after 49 h compared to 90% for Isochrysis galbana. Net assimilation was 45 and 53% for bacterioplankton and I. galbana, respectively. Bacterial carbon appeared to be respired faster than algal carbon. As seen in other bivalves, feces production increased and assimilation efficiency decreased at higher food concentrations.At the mean bacterioplankton and phytoplankton standing stocks found in northern San Francisco Bay, bacteria supplied ~13 and 16% of the sum of bacteria and phytoplankton C and N, respectively, consumed by a 1‐cm P. amurensis. We calculate that a 1‐cm clam could double its C biomass in 221 d by feeding on bacterioplankton and in 26 d by feeding on phytoplankton.
The development of pH and pCO2 microelectrodes for studying the carbonate chemistry of pore waters near the sediment‐water interface
Authors: Cai Wei‐Jun , Reimers Clare E. 
Published: May 2010

We made stable and rapid‐responding pH and pCO2 microelectrodes. The pH microelectrode has a ∼100‐µm‐diameter half‐sphere bulb tip of pH glass, and the pCO2 sensor has a 200–300‐µm‐diameter silicone‐membrane covered tip. Because the pH microelectrodes have electrical resistances that are >1010 ohms, all electrical connections arc kept scrupulously clean and dry to prevent current leakage during in situ measurements. Suspension effects are negligible when measuring pH in marine sediments.To demonstrate the performance of the pH and pCO2 microelectrodes, we report in situ microprofiles of pH and pCO2 and contiguous profiles of O2 and the formation factor from coastal sediment in San Diego Bay, California. A sharp pH decrease from 7.90 to 7.15 (seawater scale) and a pCO2 increase from 578 to 3,000 µatm in the top 1 cm of sediment arc interpreted to be primarily the result of HS, Fe2+, and Mn2+ oxidation by O2 rather than metabolic CO2 production. The O2, pH, and pCO2 profiles also reveal that there was photosynthetic activity in the top 2 mm of sediment which caused an O2 maximum and a total dissolved inorganic carbon minimum.