bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved prediction of water‐retention properties of clayey soils by pedological stratification
Authors: BRUAND A. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYThe water‐retention properties of clayey soils have been studied at −0.3 × 105 and −15 × 105 Pa matric potentials using three sets of clayey horizons differing in their pedological origin. Measurements were made on small clods collected in winter when swelling is at a maximum. The results are discussed in relation to variations in the clay content and clay fabric. The bulk volume, which appears to be closely related to both clay content and clay fabric, allows the variations in water retained to be explained better than with clay content alone. With clayey horizons originating from a single soil family, differences in water retained can be explained by variations in clay content alone because clay fabric does not change greatly. These results demonstrate the significance of pedological stratification in estimating the water‐retention properties when a single soil characteristic, such as clay content, is used.
Seasonal and inter‐annual variations in the abundance and biomass of Neocalanus plumchrus in continental slope waters off Oregon
Authors: LIU HUI , PETERSON WILLIAM T. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSeasonal and inter‐annual variability in the abundance and biomass of copepodid stages of the sub‐arctic oceanic copepod, Neocalanus plumchrus, was studied during the January–May growth season, using an 11‐yr time series of zooplankton samples collected over the upper 100 m of the water column. Abundance and biomass peaks occur in March/April. Abundance and biomass of N. plumchrus were significantly negatively correlated with sea surface temperature and significantly positively correlated with sea surface chlorophyll a, salinity, and density above the pycnocline. The seasonal integrated abundance and biomass of N. plumchrus declined during the warm years (2003–05), and increased during the cold years (2006–08). The date when 50% of the population had passed through stage C5 was significantly negatively correlated with temperature – earlier in warm years and later in cold years. In 3 yr (2003, 2007 and 2008), a second cohort appeared in mid‐May, as indicated by the presence of stages C1 and C2 in the samples. Unusually high abundances of N. plumchrus in the spring of 2007 and 2008 were associated with cool ocean temperatures and an early spring transition in the NCC ecosystem, suggesting that the NCC ecosystem has returned to a cold phase. We discuss the merits of a hypothesis that the N. plumchrus population observed off Oregon is a local population as opposed to one that is expatriated from the Gulf of Alaska.
Habitat characteristics of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the western North Pacific: a remote sensing perspective
Authors: MUGO ROBINSON , SAITOH SEI‐ICHI , NIHIRA AKIRA , KUROYAMA TADAAKI 
Published: August 2010

AbstractSkipjack tuna habitat in the western North Pacific was studied from satellite remotely sensed environment and catch data, using generalized additive models and geographic information systems. Weekly resolved remotely sensed sea surface temperature, surface chlorophyll, sea surface height anomalies and eddy kinetic energy data were used for the year 2004. Fifteen generalized additive models were constructed with skipjack catch per unit effort as a response variable, and sea surface temperature, sea surface height anomalies and eddy kinetic energy as model covariates to assess the effect of environment on catch per unit effort (skipjack tuna abundance). Model selection was based on significance of model terms, reduction in Akaike’s Information Criterion, and increase in cumulative deviance explained. The model selected was used to predict skipjack tuna catch per unit effort using monthly resolved environmental data for assessing model performance and to visualize the basin scale distribution of skipjack tuna habitat. Predicted values were validated using a linear model. Based on the four‐parameter model, skipjack tuna habitat selection was significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by sea surface temperatures ranging from 20.5 to 26°C, relatively oligotrophic waters (surface chlorophyll 0.08–0.18, 0.22–0.27 and 0.3–0.37 mg m−3), zero to positive anomalies (surface height anomalies 0–50 cm), and low to moderate eddy kinetic energy (0–200 and 700–2500 cm2 s–2). Predicted catch per unit effort showed a trend consistent with the north–south migration of skipjack tuna. Validation of predicted catch per unit effort with that observed, pooled monthly, was significant (P < 0.01, r2 = 0.64). Sea surface temperature explained the highest deviance in generalized additive models and was therefore considered the best habitat predictor.
An analysis of the total phosphorus cycle in some temperate lakes: the response to enrichment
Authors: GIBSON C.E. , FOY R.H. , BAILEY‐WATTS A. E. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY

Total phosphorus (TP) cycles were examined in seventeen lakes from the Scottish lowlands and Northern Ireland, which varied in annual mean TP from 17 to 192 μg Pl‐1.
It is clear from the data that the annual range of TP concentrations increases as the annual maximum TP increases. Although the annual minimum TP increases somewhat with increasing annual maxima, even enriched lakes show a pronounced TP minimum. As a result, the annual maximum values are highly correlated with the ranges and means, but less so with the annual minima.
The data are discussed in relation to a conceptual sine wave model and it is suggested that enrichment modulates the amplitude of the sine wave.
Mechanisms conditioning the maximum and minimum values are reviewed.
Phosphorus and nitrogen relationships of Cladophora glomerata in two lake basins of different trophic status
Authors: PLANAS D. , MABERLY S.C. , PARKER J.E. 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARY

Cladophora has increased in abundance and cover in the South Basin of Windermere, English Lake District, in recent years. During the growing seasons of 1992 and 1993, the maximum biomass of Cladophora in the South Basin, at nearly 200 g dry weight m‐2, was nearly six times greater and the percentage cover, at 95%, was nearly ten times greater than in the North Basin.
Nutrient analysis showed that Cladophora from the South Basin had significantly higher average contents of N than that from the North Basin. The suggested rate‐limiting tissue N content, 1.3% of dry weight, was never reached in the South Basin but was reached in 20% of samples from the North Basin. In contrast, the average P content was not significantly different, at about 0.24% in both basins. The suggested rate‐limiting P content, 0.16% of dry weight, was reached in 31% of the samples from the South Basin and 37% from the North Basin.
On average, the standing stock of P in the South Basin was 0.12 g m‐2, twelvefold that in the North Basin at 0.01 g m‐2 and the standing stock of N in the South Basin was 1.81 g m‐2, elevenfold that in the North Basin at 0.16 g m‐2. Maximum standing stocks of P were 0.38 g m‐2 in the South and 0.05 g m‐2 in the North Basin. Maximum standing stocks of N were 5.02 g m‐2 in the South and 0.60 g m‐2 in the North Basin.
The maximal rate of PO4–P uptake ranged between 298 and 2949 μg P g‐1 DW h‐1 and the specific affinity varied between 2.9 and 24.3 μg P g‐1 DW h‐1 (mg PO4–P m‐3)‐1. The higher values of both characteristics are within the range which is believed to indicate severe P limitation.
Using the nutrient uptake characteristics, rates of uptake at pelagic and littoral concentrations of PO4–P were calculated to be between 0.1 and 1.7% of the maximal rates apart from one site where rates were up to 5.6% of Vmaxi and 40% of Vmaxi based on pelagic and littoral concentrations of PO4–P, respectively. Despite these generally low rates of uptake, calculations suggest they were just sufficient to account for the measured rate of increase of P standing stock, assuming no biomass loss. Similar calculations suggested that pelagic concentrations of NO3–N could support between 21 and 30% of maximal rates and these were between four and six times (North Basin) and twenty‐five times (South Basin) the observed rates of increase in N standing stock. Littoral concentrations of NO3–N were similar and so would have allowed similar rates.
Evidence from nutrient tissue contents, standing stocks and rates of uptake suggests that the growth of Cladophora, in both basins of Windermere, is controlled primarily by the availability of P.
Impacts of a submerged plant (Elodea canadensis) on interactions between roach (Rutilus rutilus) and its invertebrate prey communities in a lake littoral zone
Authors: KORNIJÓW RYSZARD , VAKKILAINEN KIRSI , HORPPILA JUKKA , LUOKKANEN EIRA , KAIRESALO TIMO 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. Using 5‐m2 field enclosures, we examined the effects of Elodea canadensis on zooplankton communities and on the trophic cascade caused by 4–5 year old (approximately 16 cm) roach. We also tested the hypothesis that roach in Elodea beds use variable food resources as their diet, mainly benthic and epiphytic macroinvertebrates, and feed less efficiently on zooplankton. Switching of the prey preference stabilises the zooplankton community and, in turn, also the fluctuation of algal biomass. The factorial design of the experiment included three levels of Elodea (no‐, sparse‐ and dense‐Elodea) and two levels of fish (present and absent).2. During the 4‐week experiment, the total biomass of euplanktonic zooplankton, especially that of the dominant cladoceran Daphnia longispina, decreased with increase in Elodea density. The Daphnia biomass was also reduced by roach in all the Elodea treatments. Thus, Elodea provided neither a favourable habitat nor a good refuge for Daphnia against predation by roach.3. The electivity of roach for cladocerans was high in all the Elodea treatments. Roach were able to prey on cladocerans in Elodea beds, even when the abundance and size of these prey animals were low. In addition to cladocerans, the diet of roach consisted of macroinvertebrates and detrital/plant material. Although the biomass of macroinvertebrates increased during the experiment in all Elodea treatments, they were relatively unimportant in roach diets regardless of the density of Elodea beds.4. Euplanktonic zooplankton species other than Daphnia were not affected by Elodea or fish and the treatments had no effects on the total clearance rate of euplanktonic zooplankton. However, the chlorophyll a concentration increased with fish in all the Elodea treatments, suggesting that fish enhanced algal growth through regeneration of nutrients. Thus, our results did not unequivocally show that Elodea hampered the trophic cascade of fish via lowered predation on grazing zooplankton.5. In treatments with dense Elodea beds (750 g FW m−2), chlorophyll a concentration was always low suggesting that phytoplankton production was controlled by Elodea. Apparently, the top‐down control of phytoplankton biomass by zooplankton was facilitated by the macrophytes and operated simultaneously with control of phytoplankton production by Elodea.
Variability and convergence in benthic communities along the longitudinal gradients of four physically similar Rocky Mountain streams
Authors: FINN DEBRA S. , LEROY POFF N. 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. High‐gradient mountain streams are ideal for studying longitudinal biological patterns, although the degree of similarity in the biological gradient among physically similar streams in a region is poorly known. Our first objective was to evaluate variability in benthic communities along four streams in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado. We analysed the relative influence of longitudinal position versus reach‐scale physical variables on community structure and measured community similarity at comparable longitudinal positions on the four streams.2. Our second objective was to evaluate the relative utility of taxonomically versus functionally defined communities to characterise assemblage structure: are taxonomic patterns more predictable along the gradient than are patterns of ecologically important species traits?3. Redundancy analyses (RDA), including measures of both reach‐scale environmental variables (substratum properties, periphytic cover, local channel slope) and longitudinal position (altitude, stream size), confirmed that the longitudinal position of a site was most important in determining taxonomic composition. Functional community structure was also influenced by longitudinal position, but reach‐scale variables (especially periphyton and median particle size) were of greater importance.4. Redundancy analyses explained 29.3% of total taxonomic variance and 26.0% of functional variance, indicating that defining assemblages functionally provides no greater understanding of community patterns given several known environmental variables. Strict longitudinal limits of taxa, the presumably identical regional species pool across our sites, and/or trade‐offs among different types of species traits probably explain this result.5. Redundancy analyses did suggest, however, that traits related to longer life (semivoltinism, long‐lived adults, and slow larval development) were more common downstream, while long‐distance dispersal ability and high fecundity were associated with higher altitude and its associated harsher conditions.6. When sampling sites were grouped into three ecological zones defined by altitude, mean community similarity (measured both taxonomically and functionally) was lowest across streams at the highest altitude. This pattern could be driven by increased insularity of alpine‐zone streams, resulting from a combination of harsh terrestrial environment, lack of hydrological connectivity, and limited species ranges along the longitudinal continuum.
Hydraulic microhabitats and the distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in riffles
Authors: BROOKS ANDREW J. , HAEUSLER TIM , REINFELDS IVARS , WILLIAMS SIMON 
Published: August 2010

Summary1. The influence of hydraulic conditions on the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages was investigated in three riffles in a perennial Australian river.2. Velocity, depth and variability of substrate roughness were measured at each of 56 macroinvertebrate sampling locations. Complex hydraulic variables (roughness Reynolds number, shear velocity, Froude number) were calculated from combinations of two or three of the directly measured variables. The biological significance of directly measured and complex hydraulic variables was determined by a combination of univariate and multivariate statistical procedures.3. Macroinvertebrate abundance, number of taxa and community composition were significantly different between the identified roughness Reynolds number, Froude number, velocity and shear velocity microhabitats throughout the studied riffles.4. Regression analysis showed macroinvertebrate abundance and number of taxa were negatively related to roughness Reynolds number, shear velocity, velocity and Froude number. Depth was negatively related to abundance. In general, the majority of the macroinvertebrate community preferred the areas of riffles with the lowest near‐bed turbulence.5. Roughness Reynolds number explained more of the spatial variation in invertebrate abundance, number of taxa and community composition than the other hydraulic variables, either directly measured or calculated. Of the directly measured variables, velocity had the greatest explanatory power, which was marginally less than roughness Reynolds number and shear velocity.6. This study demonstrated that small‐scale differences in hydraulic conditions created by combinations of velocity, depth and substrate roughness have an important role in the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblages in riffle habitats.
Neurone specific enolase and S100 protein as possible prognostic indicators in melanoma*
Authors: RODE J. , DHILLON A.P. 
Published: August 2010

Fourteen cases of primary melanoma and 25 of their subsequent metastases were stained for Neurone Specific Enolase (NSE) and S100 protein. Intensity of staining for NSE and S100 protein broadly corresponded in 11 of the primary lesions and was disparate in three. Staining intensity for NSE or S100 was independent of tumour thickness.Primary lesions showing marked or moderate staining for NSE and S100 protein took a shorter time to metastasize than those showing slight or no staining. Assessment of staining intensity for NSE and S100 thus identified prognostic categories corresponding to disease free interval obtained by division according to tumour thickness. Staining intensity for S100 protein appears to give a clearer indication as to expectation of disease free interval. Staining intensity in individual cases showed an increase both for NSE and S100 protein between primary and metastatic lesions. The data presented are not sufficient to assign statistical significance but may lead to the incorporation of functional studies into the pathological assessment of malignant melanocytic lesions.The simultaneous occurrence of a functional neuronal and Schwann cell marker in melanoma is discussed.
Clinical assessment of glass ionomer/composite resin sealant restorations in permanent teeth: results of a field trial after 1 year
Authors: GRAY GORDON B. , PATERSON ROBERT C. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. A large field trial is in progress in the Community Dental Service in the West of Scotland to evaluate the effectiveness of glass ionomer/composite resin sealant restorations in the treatment of fissure caries. 128 of the restorations were placed by 14 community dental officers. After 1 year, 98 restorations were reviewed. All of the glass ionomer restorations were retained but only 12 of the sealants were completely intact. Sealant was retained over only 32% of the restorations and in 13%, 48% and 69% of adjacent buccal, occlusal and palatal fissures, respectively.Résumé.Une ětude extensive est en cours de réalisation dans les services dentaires communautaires de l'Ouest de l'Ecosse et porte sur l'évaluation des obturations par ciment verre ionomère et composite pour scellement dans le traitement des caries des fissures. Cent vingt huit obturations ont été posées par 14 practiciens. Après un an, 98 obturations ont été examinées. Toutes les obturations au verre ionomère étaient en place mais seulement 12 composites de scellement étaient intacts. Les composites de scellement étaient en place seulement dans 32% des obturations et dans 13%, 48% et 69% des fissures buccales, occlusales et palatines respectivement.Zusammenfassung.In West‐Shotland ist eine Feldstudie im Gange welche den Erfolg einer kombinierten Glasionomer‐Füllung mit einer Fissuren‐Versiegelung zur Behandlung von Fissurenkaries beurteilt. 128 Restorationen wurden von 14 Gemeindezahnärzte gelegt. Nach einem Jahr wurden 98 Restorationen beurteilt. Alle Glasionomer Füllungen waren intakt aber nur 12 der Versiegelungen. Versiegler wurde noch gefunden über 32% der Restorationen und in 13% der bukkalen in 48% der okklusalen und in 69% der palatinalen Fissuren.Resumen.Un estudio de campo esta en progreso en el Servicio de Odontalgía Comunitaria en el Oeste de Escocia para evaluar la efectividad de los ionómeros de vidrio/sellante de resina en el tratamiento de caries en las fisuras. Un total de 128 testauraciones fueron colocadas por 14 odontólogos. Al año, 98 de las restauraciones han sido evaluadas. Todas las restauraciones de ionómero de vidrio estan intactas, pero solo 12 de los sellantes estan completamente intactos. El sellante se retuvo sobre las restauraciones solo en 32% de los casos y en 13%, 48% y 69% de las fisuras vestibulares, oclusales y pàlatinas respectivamente.
Treatment of vital and non‐vital primary molar teeth by one‐stage formocresol pulpotomy: clinical success and effect upon age at exfoliation
Authors: ROBERTS JOHN F. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. The clinical success and effect upon the age at which teeth exfoliated was prospectively observed in 175 primary molars that had received formocresol pulpotomies performed by one operator. The success rate among 142 vital teeth was 99.3% and among 33 non‐vital teeth 84.8%. There was no significant effect upon age at exfoliation after either type of pulpal treatment.Résumé.Traitement des molaires temporaires vivantes et non‐vivantes par pulpotomie au formocrésol, en une étapeLe succès clinique et l'effet sur l'âge de l'exfoliation one été étudiés, de façon prospective, sur 205 molaires temporaires, traitées par pulpotomies réalisées par le même opérateur. Le taux de succès pour les 1662 dents vivantes était de 99.4% et pour les dents non‐vivantes de 88.1%. Aucun effet significatif sur l'âge de l'exfoliation n'a été noté.Zusammenfassung.Die einmal Behandlung von vitalen und devitaler Milchmolaren mil der Formokresol Pulpaamputationsmethode: klinischer Erfolg und der Einfluss auf das Alter der ExfoliationDie parameter wurden jeweils beobachtet bei 205 milchmolaren deren pulpen durch einen behandler amputiert wurden. Die erfolgsrate bei den vitalen Zähne war 99.4% bei der Devitalen 88.1%. Kein unterschied konnte festgestellt werden bei der Exfoliationszeit, bei den beiden typen der pulpabehandlung.Resumen.Tratamiento de dientes temporales con pulpotomía vital y no vital con formocrésol en una solo sesión: éxito clínico y efecto hasta la edad de exfoliaciónSe estudio el éxito clínico y el efecto hasta la exfoliación, del tratamiento de pulpotomías con formocrésol en 205 molares temporales, llevadas a cabo por un solo operador. El porcentaje de éxito entre 162 dientes vitales fue de 99.4% y entre los no fue de 88.1%. No apareció ningun efecto significative hasta su exfoliación, despues de los diversos tratamientos pulpares.
Congenital mucoceles: report of two cases
Authors: CREAN J. , CONNOR C. 
Published: August 2010

Summary. Congenital mucoceles are very rare. Only two previous cases presenting in the neonatal period have been reported. Two cases are presented here, one arising within the tongue and the other in the floor of the mouth. In both cases the mucoceles became apparent soon after birth because they interfered with mouth closure and normal feeding. The cysts were surgically excised and histopathological examination showed that they were retention cysts. The infants quickly resumed normal oral function and swallowing after surgical removal.Resumé.Mucocèles congénitaux: à propos de deux casLes mucocèles congénitaux sont très rares. Deux cas seulement dans la période néonatale ont été rapportés, un sur la langue et l'autre sur le plancher de la bouche. Dans les deux cas, les mucocèles ont été détectés peu de temps après la naissance car ils gênaient la fermeture de la bouche et l'alimentation. Les kystes ont été supprimés par chirurgie et l'examen histopathologique a montré que c'étaient des kystes de rétention. Les nouveaux‐nés ont retrouvé rapidement une fonction orale normale et pouvaient déglutir après l'intervention chirurgicale.Zusammenfassung.Congenitale Mukozelle: ein Bericht Über 2 FälleKongenitale Mukozellen sind sehr selten. Bis anhin wurde nur Über solche Fälle während der neonatele Periode berichtet. 2 Fälle werden hier vorgestellt, einer ausgehend von der Zunge und der zweite vom dem Mundboden aus. In beiden Fällen traten die Mukozellen sofort nach der Geburt auf, weil sie den Mundschluss und das normale FÜttern behinderten: Diese Zysten wurden chirurgisch herrausgeschnitten und histopathologisch untersucht und als Retentionszysten diagnostiziert. Nach dem Eingriff stellte sich bald wieder eine normale Orale‐und Schluckfunktion ein.Resumen.Mucoceles congénitos: reporte de dos casosLos mucoceles congénitos son muy raros. Solo se han reportado dos casos anteriores a este presentados en el periodo neonatal. Aquí se presentan dos casos, uno en la lengua y el otro en el piso de la boca. En ambos casos los mucoceles fueron aparentes immediatamente después del nacimiento porque interferían con el cierre de la boca y alimentación normal. Los quistes fueron quirúrgicamente removidos y el examen histopatológico mostró que eran quistes por retención. Los niños retornaron rápidamente a función oral normal después de la excisión quirúrgica.