bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability In The Ecoraces Of Tropical Tasar Sillkworm Antheraea Mylitta Drury
Authors: Sinha Ajit Kumar 
Published: July 2011

AbstractTropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury is exploited in countries for commercial silk production and improved varieties of these silkworms can be evolved by employing various breeding techniques. As the insect has established itself in various forms of ecological populations (Commonly called as ecoraces) in different geographical niches of the country depending on food plants and micro-environmental conditions available to them, the species exists in the form of nearly 44 ecoraces (Singh and Srivastava,1997, Srivastava,2002 and Srivastava et at. 2007) distributed over different states. However, due to free interbreeding in nature for centuries, the fauna is highly heterogeneous.Tasar culture is a forest based industry being practiced as tradition, since time immemorial by the tribes of Central India, extending from West Bengal in the East to Karnataka in South. The species A. mylitta D. is polyphagous in nature. The present study comprises the ecoraces of tropical tasar silkworm of A. mylitta D. These ecoraces are mainly restricted in the tropical moist deciduous forest area where the average rainfall varies between 1200-2000 mm and the deciduous zone of the dry tropical forest area where the average rainfall has been observed to be about 1000 mm. The Primary food plants of the insects are Terminalia tomentosa, Terminalia arjuna and Shorea robusta and secondary food plants are Terminalia chebula, T. bellerica, T. peniculata, Zizyphus jujuba etc. The phenotypic and genotypic variability is very much prominent. The present review paper comprises the extent and degree of natural variation in tropical tasar silkworm A. mylitta D.
Perioperative Single Dose Systemic Dexamethasone for Postoperative Pain
Authors: De Oliveira Gildàsio S. , Almeida Marcela D. , Benzon Honorio T. , McCarthy Robert J. 
Published: July 2011

Background
Dexamethasone is frequently administered in the perioperative period to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting. In contrast, the analgesic effects of dexamethasone are not well defined. The authors performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the dose-dependent analgesic effects of perioperative dexamethasone.

Methods
We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines. A wide search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of a single dose systemic dexamethasone on postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model. Effects of dexamethasone dose were evaluated by pooling studies into three dosage groups: low (less than 0.1 mg/kg), intermediate (0.11-0.2 mg/kg) and high (≥ 0.21 mg/kg).

Results
Twenty-four randomized clinical trials with 2,751 subjects were included. The mean (95% CI) combined effects favored dexamethasone over placebo for pain at rest (≤ 4 h, -0.32 [0.47 to -0.18], 24 h, -0.49 [-0.67 to -0.31]) and with movement (≤ 4 h, -0.64 [-0.86 to -0.41], 24 h, -0.47 [-0.71 to -0.24]). Opioid consumption was decreased to a similar extent with moderate -0.82 (-1.30 to -0.42) and high -0.85 (-1.24 to -0.46) dexamethasone, but not decreased with low-dose dexamethasone -0.18 (-0.39-0.03). No increase in analgesic effectiveness or reduction in opioid use could be demonstrated between the high- and intermediate-dose dexamethasone. Preoperative administration of dexamethasone appears to produce a more consistent analgesic effect compared with intraoperative administration.

Conclusion
Dexamethasone at doses more than 0.1 mg/kg is an effective adjunct in multimodal strategies to reduce postoperative pain and opioid consumption after surgery. The preoperative administration of the drug produces less variation of effects on pain outcomes.
Biphasic Gene Expression Changes Elicited byPhakopsora pachyrhiziin Soybean Correlate with Fungal Penetration and Haustoria Formation
Authors: Schneider Katherine T. , van de Mortel Martijn , Bancroft Timothy J. , Braun Edward , Nettleton Dan , Nelson Rex T. , Frederick Reid D. , Baum Thomas J. , Graham Michelle A. , Whitham Steven A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInoculation of soybean (Glycine max) plants with Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal organism of Asian soybean rust, elicits a biphasic response characterized by a burst of differential gene expression in the first 12 h. A quiescent period occurs from 24 to 48 h after inoculation, in which P. pachyrhizi continues to develop but does not elicit strong host responses, followed by a second phase of intense gene expression. To correlate soybean responses with P. pachyrhizi growth and development, we inoculated the soybean cultivar Ankur (accession PI462312), which carries the Rpp3 resistance gene, with avirulent and virulent isolates of P. pachyrhizi. The avirulent isolate Hawaii 94-1 elicits hypersensitive cell death that limits fungal growth on Ankur and results in an incompatible response, while the virulent isolate Taiwan 80-2 grows extensively, sporulates profusely, and produces a compatible reaction. Inoculated leaves were collected over a 288-h time course for microarray analysis of soybean gene expression and microscopic analysis of P. pachyrhizi growth and development. The first burst in gene expression correlated with appressorium formation and penetration of epidermal cells, while the second burst of gene expression changes followed the onset of haustoria formation in both compatible and incompatible interactions. The proliferation of haustoria coincided with the inhibition of P. pachyrhizi growth in the incompatible interaction or the beginning of accelerated growth in the compatible interaction. The temporal relationships between P. pachyrhizi growth and host responses provide an important context in which to view interacting gene networks that mediate the outcomes of their interactions.
Compulsive use of dopamine replacement therapy: a model for stimulant drug addiction?
Authors: Ambermoon Polly , Carter Adrian , Hall Wayne , Dissanayaka Nadeeka , O'Sullivan John 
Published: July 2011

ABSTRACTThe compulsive use of dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) or dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) is one of the behavioural disturbances reported in some patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other disorders who are receiving DRT. We draw this phenomenon to the attention of the addiction field as a topic deserving of more systematic study. We outline: the clinical features, epidemiology and clinical correlates of the disorder; the unresolved issues in its definition and diagnosis; and its potential relevance to neurobiological models of psychostimulant addiction. We argue that compulsive DRT use may provide a useful model for drug addiction, while advancing our understanding of the neurobiology of addiction and improving the management of PD patients with the disorder.
Isolation and characterization of a novel short peptide associated with Crohn's disease
Authors: Mitsuyama K , Niwa M , Masuda J , Kuwaki K , Yamasaki H , Takedatsu H , Kobayashi T , Sata M 
Published: July 2011

Summary
Phage display technology has been utilized to select target molecules against circulating antibodies. The aims of this study were to isolate a peptide that binds with serum from Crohn's disease (CD) patients and to examine its diagnostic and pathogenic significance. A phage display library was constructed using cDNA from Caco-2 cells. Affinity selection using this cDNA library and serum samples from patients with CD was then performed. Phage clones that specifically reacted with the CD sera were then selected using a phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the DNA sequences of the selected phages were determined and converted to amino acid sequences, the synthesized peptides were examined using an ELISA. The effect of the synthesized peptides on cytokine release from cultured blood mononuclear cells was investigated. An ELISA analysis for TCP-353 demonstrated that while 61·7% of the samples from CD patients were seroreactive, seroreactivity was less common among patients with ulcerative colitis (7·3%), acute colitis (0%) or colon cancer (11·4%) and among normal subjects (2·8%). The induction of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α release, but not IL-10 release, in response to TCP-353 peptide was enhanced in CD mononuclear cells only. We isolated a novel peptide that specifically binds to CD sera and stimulates the proinflammatory responses of CD mononuclear cells. TCP-353 may have diagnostic, pathogenic and therapeutic significance with regard to the treatment of CD.
Simple prediction of crude protein content in vegetation growing on abandoned cultivated land
Authors: Tsutsumi M. , Takahashi Y. , Emoto S. , Ito N. , Sahara S. , Yoshimura T. , Watanabe T. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe accuracy of two simple methods was compared for the prediction of crude protein (CP) content of above‐ground plant material of mixed‐species composition on abandoned cultivated land in Japan. The first method is based on standard CP values (in g kg−1 dry matter) for individual species (STV method) as listed in the literature. The second procedure (GLM method) was an application of the generalized linear model using the relative above‐ground biomass of monocots and legumes, total herbage mass, and day of year. Predictions were made at the quadrat scale, and for surveyed sites based on average of values for five or six quadrats in a single survey. A ‘leave‐site‐out’ method was adopted for model validation of the generalized linear model. The observed values of CP content ranged between 21·5 and 161·9 g kg−1 dry matter (DM). With the STV method, the values of root mean square error (RMSE indicates average estimation error) were 50·9 at the quadrat level and 53·8 at the surveyed‐site level (both g kg−1 DM). When a ‘leave‐site‐out’ validation was carried out, the RMSE‐values for the GLM method were 23·2 at the quadrat level and 13·2 at the surveyed‐site level (both g kg−1 DM). We therefore propose adoption of the GLM method for the purpose of estimating the CP content in herbage on abandoned sites.
Identification and expression analysis of nervous wreck, which is preferentially expressed in the brain of the male silkworm moth, Bombyx mori
Authors: Kiya T. , Iwami M. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractSexually dimorphic neural circuits are essential for reproductive behaviour. The molecular basis of sexual dimorphism in the silkworm moth (Bombyx mori) brain, however, is unclear. We conducted cDNA subtraction screening and identified nervous wreck (Bmnwk), a synaptic growth regulatory gene, whose expression is higher in the male brain than in the female brain of the silkworm. Bmnwk was preferentially expressed in the brain at the late pupae and adult stages. In situ hybridization revealed that Bmnwk is highly expressed in the optic lobe of the male moth brain. These findings suggest that Bmnwk has a role in the development and/or maintenance of the optic lobe in the male silkworm brain.
The role of medicine in the decline of post‐War infant mortality in Japan
Authors: Yorifuji Takashi , Tanihara Shinichi , Inoue Sachiko , Takao Soshi , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: July 2011

SummaryYorifuji T, Tanihara S, Inoue S, Takao S, Kawachi I. The role of medicine in the decline of post‐War infant mortality in Japan. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2011; 25: 601–608.The infant mortality rate (IMR) in Japan declined dramatically in the immediate post‐War period (1947–60) in Japan. We compared the time trends in Growth Domestic Product (GDP) in Japan against declines in IMR. We then conducted a prefecture‐level ecological analysis of the rate of decline in IMR and post‐neonatal mortality from 1947 to 1960, focusing on variations in medical resources and public health strategies. IMR in Japan started to decline after World War II, even before the era of rapid economic growth and the introduction of a universal health insurance system in the 1960s. The mortality rates per 1000 infants in 2009 were 2.38 for IMR, 1.17 for neonatal mortality and 1.21 for post‐neonatal mortality. The rate of decline in IMR and preventable IMR (PIMR) during the post‐War period was strongly correlated with prefectural variations in medical resources (per capita physicians, nurses, and proportion of in‐hospital births). The correlation coefficients comparing the number of physicians in 1955 with the declines in IMR and PIMR from 1947 to 1960 were 0.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.19, 0.66] and 0.39 [95% CI 0.11, 0.61], respectively. By contrast, indicators of public health strategies were not associated with IMR decline. The IMR in Japan has been decreasing and seems to be entering a new era characterised by lower neonatal compared with post‐neonatal mortality. Furthermore, the post‐War history of Japan illustrates that improvement in infant mortality is attributable to the influence of medical care, even in the absence of rapid economic development.
Trichinella spiralis antigens prime mixed Th1/Th2 response but do not induce de novo generation of Foxp3+ T cells in vitro
Authors: ILIC N. , WORTHINGTON J. J. , GRUDEN‐MOVSESIJAN A. , TRAVIS M. A. , SOFRONIC‐MILOSAVLJEVIC L. , GRENCIS R. K. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryMany parasitic helminth infections induce Th2‐type immune responses and engage the regulatory network. In this study, we specifically investigated the influence of antigens derived from different life stages of the helminth Trichinella spiralis on the polarization of naive CD4+ T cells by dendritic cells. Results obtained from C57BL/6 mice showed that T. spiralis derived antigens have the capacity to induce bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells to acquire an incompletely mature phenotype that promotes a significant proliferation of naive CD4+ T cells and a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile with the predominance of Th2 cytokines. Increased production of IL‐4, IL‐9, IL‐10 and IL‐13 accompanied increased IFN‐γ. Furthermore, dendritic cells pulsed with T. spiralis antigens did not induce an increase in the population of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. Although other helminth antigens have demonstrated the capacity to induce de novo generation of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells, here our in vitro studies provide no evidence that T. spiralis antigens have this capacity.
Attempts to immunize sheep against Teladorsagia circumcincta using fourth‐stage larval extracts
Authors: HALLIDAY A. M. , SMITH W. D. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryA ConcanavilinA (ConA)‐binding fraction of a detergent‐soluble membrane extract from Teladorsagia circumcincta (formerly Ostertagia circumcincta) fourth‐stage larvae was isolated, and two vaccine trials were conducted with this preparation in groups of 7 worm‐free sheep. All groups were challenged with a total of 5000 T. circumcincta larvae from 1 week after the final immunization and protection assessed by comparing the egg and worm counts, and length of developing worms, of the immunized groups with their respective controls. Immunization with the ConA‐binding antigen induced high‐titre serum antibody responses in both trials. However, no significant reduction in either egg count or worm burdens was observed in the vaccinated groups in either trial. It was concluded that detergent‐soluble, ConA‐binding extracts prepared from T. circumcincta fourth‐stage larvae did not contain significantly protective antigens, despite the fact that an extract prepared in a similar manner from Ostertagia ostertagi had previously significantly protected calves against homologous challenge.
Lithosphere density model in Italy: no hint for slab pull
Authors: Brandmayr Enrico , Marson Iginio , Romanelli Fabio , Panza Giuliano Francesco 
Published: July 2011

Terra Nova, 23, 292–299, 2011AbstractThe lithosphere–asthenosphere system of the Italic region in terms of shear‐velocity and density distribution with depth is suitable to investigate the geodynamic context of the region. The velocity structure is obtained through nonlinear inversion of dispersion curves compiled from surface wave tomography on cells 1° × 1° and a smoothing optimization method to choose the representative cellular model, whose layering is used as fixed (a priori) information to obtain a density model by means of linear inversion of gravimetric data. Seismicity and heat flow are used as independent constraints in outlining both the crustal and the seismic lid thickness; the nonlinear moment tensor inversion of recent damaging earthquakes allows some insight in the ongoing kinematic processes. Asymmetry between west‐directed (Apennines) and east‐directed (Alps, Dinarides) subductions is a robust feature of the velocity model, while density model reveals that slabs are not denser than the ambient mantle, thus supplies no evidence for slab pull.
Weed flora in paved areas in relation to environment, pavement characteristics and weed control
Authors: FAGOT M , DE CAUWER B , BEELDENS A , BOONEN E , BULCKE R , REHEUL D 
Published: July 2011

Fagot M, De Cauwer B, Beeldens A, Boonen E, Bulcke R & Reheul D (2011). Weed flora in paved areas in relation to environment, pavement characteristics and weed control. Weed Research51, 650–660.SummaryBy 2015, all herbicide use on public pavements in Flanders (northern region of Belgium) will be phased out. Currently, little is known about weed flora in these pavements or their interactions with different weed control methods. The objectives of this study were to explore the species composition of pavements in relation to various abiotic factors and applied weed control methods. A vegetation survey was conducted on 163 public pavements constructed with small paving elements across Flanders. Botanical composition was determined, and a score for street scene perception was calculated. For each pavement, a set of environmental conditions and technical characteristics was determined, and data on the applied weed control methods were collected. Apart from Musci (mosses), the most important plant species were Poa annua, Sagina procumbens, Conyza canadensis, Taraxacum officinale and Plantago major. Weed species composition and street scene perception were affected by intensity of use, joint width and light intensity. Weed prevention measures may be built into the construction of pavements by manipulating light, joints and use in their design. Repeated use of a single weed control method caused shifts in weed flora. This suggests that more optimal weed control on pavements is likely to be achieved by alternating weed control methods.
The antiproliferative function of violacein‐like purple violet pigment (PVP) from an Antarctic Janthinobacterium sp. Ant5‐2 in UV‐induced 2237 fibrosarcoma
Authors: Mojib Nazia , Nasti Tahseen H. , Andersen Dale T. , Attigada Venkatram R. , Hoover Richard B. , Yusuf Nabiha , Bej Asim K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  In this study, we have investigated the chemotherapeutic potential of a purple violet pigment (PVP), which was isolated from a previously undescribed Antarctic Janthinobacterium sp. (Ant5‐2), against murine UV‐induced 2237 fibrosarcoma and B16F10 melanoma cells.Methods  The 2237, B16F10, C50, and NIH3T3 cells were treated with PVP at different doses and for different times, and their proliferation and viability were detected by 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle arrest induced by PVP in 2237 fibrosarcoma cells was assessed by flow cytometry and expression analysis of cell cycle regulatory proteins were done by Western blot. Apoptosis induced by PVP in 2237 cells was observed by annexin‐V/propidium iodide double staining flow cytometry assay and fluorescence microscopy. To further determine the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by PVP, the changes in expression of Bcl‐2, Bax and cytochrome c were detected by Western blot. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in PVP treated 2237 cells was assessed by staining with JC‐1 dye following flow cytometry. Caspase‐3, Caspase‐9 and PARP cleavage were analyzed by Western blot and Caspase‐3 and ‐9 activities were measured by colorimetric assays.Results  In vitro treatment of murine 2237 cells with the PVP resulted in decreased cell viability (13–79%) in a time (24–72 h) and dose (0.1–1 μm)‐dependent manner. The PVP‐induced growth inhibition in 2237 cells was associated with both G0/G1 and G2/M phase arrest accompanied with decrease in the expression of cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) and simultaneous increase in the expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (Cdki) – Cip1/p21 and Kip1/p27. Further, we observed a significant increase in the apoptosis of the 2237 fibrosarcoma cells which was associated with an increased expression of pro‐apoptotic protein Bax, decreased expression of anti‐apoptotic proteins Bcl‐2, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase‐3, caspase‐9 and poly‐ADP‐ribose‐polymerase (PARP) cleavage.Conclusions  We describe the anti‐cancer mechanism of the PVP for the first time from an Antarctic bacterium and suggest that the PVP could be used as a potent chemotherapeutic agent against nonmelanoma skin cancers.
Nonmelanoma skin cancer after renal transplantation: a single‐center experience in 1736 transplantations
Authors: Zavos George , Karidis Nikolaos P. , Tsourouflis Gerasimos , Bokos John , Diles Konstantinos , Sotirchos George , Theodoropoulou Eleni , Kostakis Alkiviadis 
Published: July 2011

AbstractBackground  Renal transplantation is associated with an increased incidence of nonmela‐noma skin cancer (NMSC) caused by immunosuppression. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), the two major histological types of NMSC, exhibit more aggressive biological and clinical courses in renal transplant recipients (RTRs), with higher rates of recurrence and mortality than in the general population.Methods  We retrospectively analyzed our experience of NMSC in 1736 renal transplantations performed over a 25‐year period. All cases of skin cancer after renal transplantation were included except those of skin cancer resulting from melanoma and mesenchymal skin tumors.Results  In our series, the overall incidence of NMSC after transplantation was 2.2% (n = 39), and SCC represented the most frequent skin malignancy (64.1%), followed by BCC (17.9%), Bowen’s disease (10.2%), basosquamous carcinoma (5.1%), and a rare case of invasive sebaceous carcinoma (2.6%). A shift to newer immunosuppressive regimens after the initial diagnosis of NMSC had been implemented in eight cases (20.5%). The recurrence rate after initial treatment was 41% (n = 16), and distant metastatic disease was diagnosed in 15.4% (n = 6) of NMSC patients. The NMSC‐specific mortality rate was 25.6% (n = 10).Conclusions  Nonmelanoma skin cancer remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality in RTRs, and post‐transplant surveillance should be increased.