bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody-Mediated Coengagement of FcγRIIb and B Cell Receptor Complex Suppresses Humoral Immunity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Horton Holly M. , Chu Seung Y. , Ortiz Elizabeth C. , Pong Erik , Cemerski Saso , Leung Irene W. L. , Jacob Noam , Zalevsky Jonathan , Desjarlais John R. , Stohl William , Szymkowski David E. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEngagement of the low-affinity Ab receptor FcγRIIb downregulates B cell activation, and its dysfunction is associated with autoimmunity in mice and humans. We engineered the Fc domain of an anti-human CD19 Ab to bind FcγRIIb with high affinity, promoting the coengagement of FcγRIIb with the BCR complex. This Ab (XmAb5871) stimulated phosphorylation of the ITIM of FcγRIIb and suppressed BCR-induced calcium mobilization, proliferation, and costimulatory molecule expression of human B cells from healthy volunteers and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, as well as B cell proliferation induced by LPS, IL-4, or BAFF. XmAb5871 suppressed humoral immunity against tetanus toxoid and reduced serum IgM, IgG, and IgE levels in SCID mice engrafted with SLE or healthy human PBMC. XmAb5871 treatment also increased survival of mice engrafted with PBMC from a unique SLE patient. Unlike anti-CD20 Ab, coengagement of FcγRIIb and BCR complex did not promote B cell depletion in human PBMC cultures or in mice. Thus, amplification of the FcγRIIb inhibitory pathway in activated B cells may represent a novel B cell-targeted immunosuppressive therapeutic approach for SLE and other autoimmune diseases that should avoid the complications associated with B cell depletion.
Cutting Edge: Vasostatin-1–Derived Peptide ChgA29–42 Is an Antigenic Epitope of Diabetogenic BDC2.5 T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice
Authors: Nikoopour Enayat , Sandrock Christian , Huszarik Katrina , Krougly Olga , Lee-Chan Edwin , Masteller Emma L. , Bluestone Jeffrey A. , Singh Bhagirath 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Mechanistic and therapeutic insights in autoimmune diabetes would benefit from a more complete identification of relevant autoantigens. BDC2.5 TCR transgenic NOD mice express transgenes for TCR Vα1 and Vβ4 chains from the highly diabetogenic BDC2.5 CD4+ T cell clone, which recognizes pancreatic β cell membrane Ags presented by NOD I-Ag7 MHC class II molecules. The antigenic epitope of BDC2.5 TCR is absent in β cells that do not express chromogranin A (ChgA) protein. However, characterization of the BDC2.5 epitope in ChgA has given inconclusive results. We have now identified a ChgA29–42 peptide within vasostatin-1, an N-terminal natural derivative of ChgA as the BDC2.5 TCR epitope. Having the necessary motif for binding to I-Ag7, it activates BDC2.5 T cells and induces an IFN-γ response. More importantly, adoptive transfer of naive BDC2.5 splenocytes activated with ChgA29–42 peptide transferred diabetes into NOD/SCID mice.
Rapid Reconstitution of Antibody Responses Following Transplantation of Purified Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Linderman Jessica A. , Shizuru Judith A. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has broad clinical applications extending from the treatment of malignancies to induction of immunologic tolerance. However, adaptive cellular and humoral immunity frequently remain impaired posttransplantation. Here, recovery of T-dependent and T-independent Ab responses was evaluated in mice transplanted with purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) devoid of the mature immune cells believed to hasten immune recovery. Mixed and full donor chimeras were created by conditioning recipients with sublethal or lethal irradiation, respectively, across different donor/host genetic disparities. By 6 wk posttransplantation, all animals demonstrated robust T-independent Ab responses, and all mixed chimeras and recipients of MHC-matched or haploidentical HSCs with a shared MHC haplotype had T-dependent Ab responses equivalent to those of untransplanted controls. Full chimeras that received fully MHC-disparate HSCs showed delayed T-dependent Ab responses that recovered by 12 wk. This delay occurred despite early reconstitution and proper migration to germinal centers of donor-derived Tfollicular helper (TFH) cells. Congenic transplants into TFH-deficient CD4−/− mice revealed restoration of T-dependent Ab responses by 6 wk, leading us to conclude that MHC disparity caused delay in humoral recovery. These findings, together with our previous studies, show that, contrary to the view that depletion of graft lymphocytes results in poor posttransplant immunity, elimination of immune-suppressing graft-versus-host reactions permits superior immune reconstitution. This study also provides insight into the regeneration of TFH cells and humoral immunity after allogeneic HSC transplantation.
Developing an Alcohol Education Leaflet for Pregnant Women Using Qualitative and Quantitative Data
Authors: Sudo Noriko 
Published: March 2011

ObjectiveThis article summarizes the process of developing and evaluating a series of alcohol educational leaflets with pregnant women.MethodsFour group interviews were conducted with a total of 33 pregnant women.ResultsThe copy, font, and color should be tailored to pregnant women. Scientifically compelling information was preferred; the use of too many colors and objects was considered distracting and reducing the seriousness of the information. The facts presented through a patient's photo of fetal alcohol syndrome and a graph impressed the participants, since they were tired of the illustrations found in many other materials. Pregnant women who are interested and motivated to learn about alcohol consumption valued the quality of the information, rather than visual appeal.ConclusionsTesting a draft leaflet with the target population before final development and dissemination is a critical component of an educational outreach effort. Incorporating feedback can help enhance the quality of the end product.
Seeing Eye to Eye: The Key to Reducing Catheter Use
Authors: Chaudhry Maryum , Bhola Cynthia , Joarder Mohammad , Zimmerman Deborah , Quinan Patty , Mendelssohn David , Lok Charmaine E. 
Published: March 2011

Purpose Hemodialysis central venous catheters (CVCs) are increasingly used, despite a prevalence target of <10%. The primary aim of our study was to understand why patients persistently use their CVCs. Methods A multicenter prospective observational study surveyed 322 patients and their vascular access coordinators (VACs) to determine the reasons patients use CVCs. Their responses were compared using multirater kappa statistics. An 18–month follow-up survey was applied to a subgroup of patients consistently using their CVCs, and correlated with the VACs' and patients' previous responses. Predictive associations for specific reasons for CVC use were explored. Results Patients indicated “non-medical” reasons (34.8%), having previously failed fistulas/grafts (25.8%), and fear of disfiguration (11.5%) as the main reasons for CVC use. The VAC was in agreement with the patient 16.5% of the time, in partial agreement 37.0%, and in disagreement 46.5%. Twelve percent of patients indicated a desire to change their CVC, yet the VAC was unaware of this 78% of the time. Conclusions The primary reasons patients use CVCs are “non-medical” followed by concerns with the complications and esthetic appearance associated with fistulas/grafts. The significant discordance between the reasons the patients give and the VACs view of patient reasons for CVC use suggests a gap in knowledge, understanding, or communication between patients and their VACs. Timely predialysis education to address this gap and realistic targets are necessary to reduce CVC prevalence.
Strategies to Design Bipolar Small Molecules for OLEDs: Donor‐Acceptor Structure and Non‐Donor‐Acceptor Structure
Authors: Duan Lian , Qiao Juan , Sun Yongduo , Qiu Yong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted great attention because of their potential applications in full‐color displays and solid‐state lights. In the continual effort to search for ideal materials for OLEDs, small molecules with bipolar transporting character are extremely attractive as they offer the possibility to achieve efficient and stable OLEDs even in a simple single‐layer device. In this Research News, we review the two design strategies of bipolar materials for OLEDs: molecules with or without donor‐acceptor structures. The correlation between the experimental results and theoretical calculations of some of the materials is also discussed.
Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth of Topological Insulators
Authors: Chen Xi , Ma Xu‐Cun , He Ke , Jia Jin‐Feng , Xue Qi‐Kun 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWith the molecular beam epitaxy technique, layer‐by‐layer growth of atomically flat topological insulator Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 thin films has been realized on Si(111) and graphene substrates, respectively. The growth criteria by which intrinsic topological insulators can readily be obtained is established. By using in situ angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, the band structure and surface morphology of Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 thin films of different thickness can be studied. Molecular beam epitaxy technique was shown to not only provide an excellent method to prepare high quality topological insulators but show possibilities of engineering their electronic and spin structures as well, which is of significant importance for potential applications of topological insulators based on well‐developed Si technology.
Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Liquid‐Phase Synthesis and Catalytic Applications (Adv. Mater. 9/2011)
Authors: Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBimetallic nanocrystals (NCs) with core/shell, heterostructure, or inter­metallic and alloyed structures are emerging as more important materials than monometallic NCs. They are expected to display not only a combination of the properties associated with two distinct metals, but also new properties and capabilities due to a synergy between the two metals. More importantly, bimetallic NCs usually show composition‐dependent surface structure and atomic segregation behavior, and therefore more interesting applied potentials in various fields including electronics, engineering, and catalysis. Compared with monometallic NCs, preparation of bimetallic NCs is much more complicated and difficult to be achieved. In recent years, researchers from many groups have made great efforts in this area. This review highlights the recent progress in the chemical synthesis of bimetallic NCs. The control over morphology, size, composition, and structure of bimetallic NCs as well as the exploration of their properties and applications are discussed.
Migrant farmworkers' housing conditions across an agricultural season in North Carolina
Authors: Vallejos Quirina M. , Quandt Sara A. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Isom Scott , Chen Haiying , Galván Leonardo , Whalley Lara , Chatterjee Arjun B. , Arcury Thomas A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have documented poor housing conditions for farmworkers but none has focused on migrant farmworker housing, which is often provided as a condition of employment. Farmworker housing quality is regulated, but little documentation exists of compliance with regulations.MethodsA 2007 survey of 43 randomly selected farmworker camps and a 2008 survey of 27 camps randomly selected from the 2007 sample documented housing conditions via interviewer administered questionnaire and housing checklist.ResultsSubstandard conditions are common in migrant housing. All camps had at least one exterior housing problem; 93% had at least one interior problem. Housing conditions worsen across the agricultural season. Characteristics including no residents with H2A visa and 11 or more residents are associated with poorer conditions.ConclusionsHousing standards are not adequately enforced. An increase in post‐occupancy inspections and targeting camps with characteristics that place them at increased risk for substandard conditions are recommended. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:533–544, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of alkyl silicone oil on the compatibility of polypropylene/microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate composites
Authors: Ma Zhi‐Ling , Lu Guang‐Yu 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe effect of alkyl silicone oil (ASO) as a compatibilizer on the compatibility of polypropylene (PP)/microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MAPP) composites was investigated. The data from the mechanical tests showed that when 0.25% ASO was added, the tensile strength of the PP/MAPP/ASO composites increased approximately 41% compared with that of the PP/MAPP composite. The scanning electron microscopy results illustrate that ASO improved the interfacial adhesion between MAPP and PP. Polarized optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction demonstrated that ASO decreased the agglomeration of MAPP and made MAPP disperse homogeneously in PP. Flow tests and IR spectroscopy indicated that ASO played the role of lubricant in PP/MAPP, and the flow behavior of composites in the melt was that of a pseudoplastic liquid, in which MAPP interacted with ASO by molecular interaction. All of the investigations showed that a suitable amount of ASO improved the compatibility of the PP/MAPP composite. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Stable crosslinked vinyl‐addition‐type polynorbornene graft copolymer proton‐exchange membranes
Authors: Liu Shufang , Chen Yiwang , He Xiaohui , Chen Lie , Zhou Weihua 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe graft copolymer poly(butoxymethylene norbornene‐co‐norbornenemethylene bromoisobutyrylate) [P(BN/NB)]‐graft‐poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was synthesized by the atom transfer radical polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate from a copolymer prepared by two functional norbornene monomers via a vinyl addition mechanism. The graft copolymer P(BN/NB)‐g‐PHEMA was further crosslinked with 4,5‐imidazole dicarboxylic acid (IDA) and then doped with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to form imidazole–H3PO4 complexes. The results show that the polynorbornene backbone and crosslinked micromorphology produced low methanol permeability in the membranes (from 1.5 × 10−7 to 3.8 × 10−6 cm2/s) and endowed the membranes with good mechanical properties (with elastic modulus values of 692.7 to 159.7 MPa, elongation at break values from 2.7 to 22.7%, and tensile strength at break values from 14.4 to 5.5 MPa) and excellent thermal stability (up to 280°C). Furthermore, the proton conductivities of the membranes increased with increasing temperature and increasing content of IDA/H3PO4 in the membranes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Theoretical Analysis of the Detailed Mechanism of Native Chemical Ligation Reactions
Authors: Wang Chen , Guo Qing‐Xiang , Fu Yao 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe method of native chemical ligation between an unprotected peptide α‐thioester and an N‐terminal cysteine–peptide to give a native peptide in aqueous solution is one of the most effective peptide ligation methods. In this work, a systematic theoretical study was carried out to fully understand the detailed mechanism of ligation. It was found that for the conventional native chemical ligation reaction between a peptide thioalkyl ester and a cysteine in combination with an added aryl thiol as catalyst, both the thiol‐thioester exchange step and the transthioesterification step proceed by an anionic concerted SN2 displacement mechanism, whereas the intramolecular rearrangement proceeds by an addition–elimination mechanism, and the rate‐limiting step is the thiol‐thioester exchange step. The theoretical method was then extended to study the detailed mechanism of the auxiliary‐mediated peptide ligation between a peptide thiophenyl ester and an N‐2‐mercaptobenzyl peptide in which both the thiol‐thioester exchange step and intramolecular acyl‐transfer step proceed by a concerted SN2‐type displacement mechanism. The energy barrier of the thiol‐thioester exchange step depends on the side‐chain steric hindrance of the C‐terminal amino acid, whereas that of the acyl‐transfer step depends on the side‐chain steric hindrance of the N‐terminal amino acid.
A de novo 1.5 Mb microdeletion on chromosome 14q23.2‐23.3 in a patient with autism and spherocytosis
Authors: Griswold Anthony J. , Ma Deqiong , Sacharow Stephanie J. , Robinson Joycelyn L. , Jaworski James M. , Wright Harry H. , Abramson Ruth K. , Lybæk Helle , Øyen Nina , Cuccaro Michael L. , Gilbert John R. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractAutism is a neuro‐developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication as well as restricted interests or repetitive behaviors. Cytogenetic studies have implicated large chromosomal aberrations in the etiology of approximately 5–7% of autism patients, and the recent advent of array‐based techniques allows the exploration of submicroscopic copy number variations (CNVs). We genotyped a 14‐year‐old boy with autism, spherocytosis and other physical dysmorphia, his parents, and two non‐autistic siblings with the Illumina Human 1M Beadchip as part of a study of the molecular genetics of autism and determined copy number variants using the PennCNV algorithm. We identified and validated a de novo 1.5 Mb microdeletion of 14q23.2‐23.3 in our autistic patient. This region contains 15 genes, including spectrin beta (SPTB), encoding a cytoskeletal protein previously associated with spherocytosis, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1), a folate metabolizing enzyme previously associated with bipoloar disorder and schizophrenia, pleckstrin homology domain‐containing family G member 3 (PLEKHG3), a guanide nucleotide exchange enriched in the brain, and churchill domain containing protein 1 (CHURC1), homologs of which regulate neuronal development in model organisms. While a similar deletion has previously been reported in a family with spherocytosis, severe learning disabilities, and mild mental retardation, this is the first implication of chr14q23.2‐23.3 in the etiology of autism and points to MTHFD1, PLEKHG3, and CHURC1 as potential candidate genes contributing to autism risk. Autism Res 2011,4:221–227. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ASIS&T new leaders award
Authors: Schwartz Candy 
Published: March 2011

AbstractStarting with the 2010 Annual Meeting, ASIS&T established the New Leaders Award to recognize outstanding up‐and‐coming information scientists. The recipients for 2010 were Andrea Baer, Laura Christopherson, Alex Garnett, Margaret Gross, Thomas Heverin, Tina Jayroe, Sara Mooney and Denise Pasquinelli. Award recipients have been active in local ASIS&T chapter activities, and many were prompted by mentors to apply for the recognition. To further their leadership, they were expected to participate in a leadership activity supporting the Annual Meeting and to establish personal leadership goals for the future. These outstanding new leaders have taken on responsibilities for promoting and sustaining their SIGs, building chapters and recruiting members, developing webinars and workshops and building networking groups of information scientists with similar interests.
Applying Model Predictive Control to Dividing Wall Columns
Authors: Buck C. , Hiller C. , Fieg G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe technology of dividing wall columns can offer enormous energy savings compared to common distillation columns and configurations. The technology of model predictive control is also advantageous since such a controller minimizes the future deviation of the predicted controlled variable from the reference point. The practical application of model predictive controllers for dividing wall columns is still limited due to limited experience with high interactions among the process variables. The scope of this work is the development and analysis of a method for the design of model predictive controllers for dividing wall columns. An experimental investigation verifies the practicability of the applied approach. The methods generated are transferable to other applications. Thus, the industrial acceptance of model predictive controllers for dividing wall columns is enhanced.
Titanium Containing Monocrystals of Ruby and Sapphire
Authors: Bogdanov B. I. , Markovska I. G. , Hristov Y. , Georgiev D. P. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study was to obtain synthetic corundum monocrystals, called star ruby and star sapphire, using the Verneuil flame fusion process. The corundum monocrystals are known to possess an unusual complex of properties which determine their increasing application in different areas of jewelry and technology The optimal temperature‐time parameters during obtaining the starting mixtures which contribute to the synthesis of high quality corundum monocrystals were established. The corundum monocrystals obtained are equivalent to the natural gemstones – rubies and sapphires.
Inline Analyzing of Industrial Crystallization Processes by an Innovative Ultrasonic Probe Technique
Authors: Pertig D. , Buchfink R. , Petersen S. , Stelzer T. , Ulrich J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe mean particle size and suspension density of industrial ammonium sulfate and urea crystals were measured by a single ultrasound sensor in a saturated solution at only one frequency. The information on ultrasound velocity and attenuation were combined and related to characteristic properties of the solid phase of suspensions. By model identification, a correlation between the measured signals and mean particle size as well as suspension density were evaluated and verified by additional experiments. The measurements with different particle size fractions and different suspension densities up to 40 wt‐% were carried out isothermally. The approach of coupled ultrasound velocity and attenuation provides a simple technique for inline process control on the liquid and solid state of a suspension process like solution crystallization only by a single measurement device.