bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of cell proliferation and glucose uptake in human laryngeal carcinoma cells by antisense oligonucleotides against glucose transporter‐1
Authors: Zhou Shui‐Hong , Fan Jun , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Cheng Ke‐Jia , Wang Shen‐Qing 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBackground.Malignant cells show increased glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo, which is thought to be mediated by glucose transporters. In this study, we investigated the effect of plasmid‐derived antisense RNA against the Glut‐l gene on proliferation and glucose uptake in laryngeal carcinoma Hep‐2 cells.Methods.The expression plasmids pcDNA3.1(+)‐Glut‐1 and pcDNA3.1(+)‐anti Glut‐1 were constructed. The MTT method was used to assess cell growth inhibition. The expression of Glut‐1 mRNA and protein was detected by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively.Results.After transfection, Glut‐1 AS clearly inhibited glucose uptake and cell growth in Hep‐2 cells, and we observed a decrease in the expression of Glut‐1 mRNA and protein in Hep‐2 cells.Conclusions.Glut‐1 AS decreases glucose uptake and inhibits the proliferation of Hep‐2 cells. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Spatio‐temporal patterns of nutrient concentrations and export in a north‐eastern European lowland catchment
Authors: Mourad D. S. J. , van der Perk M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn 2002–2004 we undertook six sampling campaigns during representative hydrological stages in a 901 km2 Estonian lowland catchment to quantify the spatial and seasonal variability of in‐stream dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations and to identify the influence of land cover and landscape structure. Using a synoptic approach we mapped concentrations in all stream orders. Using linear regression, the relations between the share of agricultural land and log‐transformed in‐stream concentrations were explored. Both the share of agricultural land in the entire ‘area of influence’ upstream from a sampling location, as well as the share in a 150‐m buffer around the stream were used as linear regression input variables. Log‐transformed DIN and DRP concentration variability was highest for lower order streams, while it averaged out in higher order streams during all seasons. Between‐season variation in export can mainly be attributed to discharge variation. In extremely dry periods, there are no significant relations between land cover/structure and in‐stream ln(DIN) concentrations and only weak relations for ln(DRP) concentrations. In other seasons, the share of agricultural land in the upstream area can explain concentrations in higher order streams better than in lower order streams. The prediction of ln(DIN) concentrations in lower order streams can be improved by using the share of agricultural land in a 150‐m buffer as an input variable. This indicates that hydrological connectivity must be taken into account for lower order streams, while land cover shares are enough to explain concentrations for higher order streams. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crytic period analysis model of hydrological process and its application
Authors: Wang Hongrui , Lin Xin , Qian Longxia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt is difficult to analyse the crytic period of the hydrological process, because hydrological time series is probably characterized by heteroscedasticity. To find out the crytic period, a model is constructed as follows: (1) after using zero‐mean transformation for the data, to do Augmented Dickey–Fuller stationary test for the sequence, to build the corresponding AR(p) model and then to do ARCH effects test and white noise test for residual series; (2) for those time series that cannot pass through ARCH test, using logarithm transformation to reduce the heteroscedasticity, and then to redo step (1) until they pass through ARCH test and stationary test; (3) using periodogram analysis to determine all the possible the prime periods and further to put forward three kinds of tests to determine significance level of those prime periods. As examples, the hydrological processes of streamflow from 1784 to 1997 for the gauging stations of Alaer and Xinquman along Tarim River are analysed. After reducing their heteroscedasticity, AR(4) and AR(2) models are developed, respectively. Our results show that the streamflows from the two gauging stations have the same cryptic period of 42·7 years. Furthermore, the reliability for the crytic period model is testified by variance analysis, which shows that the crytic period model is useful and reliable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Languages for constrained binary segmentation based on maximum a posteriori probability labeling
Authors: Čech Jan , Šára Radim 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe use a MRF with asymmetric pairwise compatibility constraints between direct pixel neighbors to solve a constrained binary image segmentation task. The model is constraining shape and alignment of individual contiguous binary segments by introducing auxiliary labels and their pairwise interactions. Such representation is not necessarily unique. We study several ad‐hoc labeling models for binary images consisting of nonoverlapping rectangular contiguous regions. Nesting and equivalence of these models are studied. We observed a noticeable increase in performance even in cases when the differences between the models were seemingly insignificant. We use the proposed models for segmentation of windowpanes and windows in orthographically rectified façade images. Segmented window patches are always axis‐parallel nonoverlapping rectangles which must also be aligned in our strongest model. We show experimentally that even very weak data model in the MAP formulation of the optimal segmentation problem gives very good segmentation results. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 69–79, 2009.
Neighborhood sequences in the diamond grid: Algorithms with two and three neighbors
Authors: Nagy Benedek , Strand Robin 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the digital image processing, digital distances are useful; distances based on neighborhood sequences are widely used. In this article, the diamond grid is considered, that is, the three‐dimensional grid of carbon atoms in the diamond crystal. An algorithm to compute a shortest path defined by a neighborhood sequence between any two points in the diamond grid is presented. A formula to compute the distance based on neighborhood sequences with two neighborhood relations is given. The metric and nonmetric properties of some distances based on neighborhood sequences are also discussed. Finally, the constrained distance transformation is shown. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 146–157, 2009.
Recognizability of iso‐picture languages by Wang systems
Authors: Kalyani T. , Dare V. R. , Thomas D. G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the context of a syntactic approach to pattern recognition, there have been several studies in the last few decades ontheoretical models for generating or recognizing two‐dimensional objects, pictures, and picture languages. Motivated by these studies, we have introduced a new notion of recognizability for a class of picture languages called iso‐picture languages through iso‐triangular tiling systems (ITS) and studied the properties of these languages [Kalyani et al.,2004]. In [Kalyani et al.,2005], we introduced iso‐triangular domino systems (IDS) to recognize iso‐picture languages, and proved the equivalence of ITS and IDS. In [Kalyani et al.,2006], we have constructed a two‐dimensional online tessellation automaton (IPOTA) to recognize an iso‐picture language and presented an algorithm to learn recognizable iso‐picture languages from positive data and restricted subset queries. In this article, we introduce iso‐triangular Wang systems (IWS) to recognize iso‐picture languages. We prove that the family of iso‐picture languages recognized by iso‐triangular Wang systems ℒ(IWS) coincides with the family of iso‐picture languages recognized by iso‐triangular tiling sytems ℒ(ITS). We show that ℒ(ITS) = ℒ(IDS) as a corollary and obtain that the families of iso‐picture languages ℒ(ITS), ℒ(IDS), ℒ(IWS), and ℒ(IPOTA) all coincide. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 140–145, 2009.
Supervised pattern classification based on optimum‐path forest
Authors: Papa J. P. , Falcão A. X. , Suzuki C. T. N. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe present a supervised classification method which represents each class by one or more optimum‐path trees rooted at some key samples, called prototypes. The training samples are nodes of a complete graph, whose arcs are weighted by the distances between the feature vectors of their nodes. Prototypes are identified in all classes and the minimization of a connectivity function by dynamic programming assigns to each training sample a minimum‐cost path from its most strongly connected prototype. This competition among prototypes partitions the graph into an optimum‐path forest rooted at them. The class of the samples in an optimum‐path tree is assumed to be the same of its root. A test sample is classified similarly, by identifying which tree would contain it, if the sample were part of the training set. By choice of the graph model and connectivity function, one can devise other optimum‐path forest classifiers. We present one of them, which is fast, simple, multiclass, parameter independent, does not make any assumption about the shapes of the classes, and can handle some degree of overlapping between classes. We also propose a general algorithm to learn from errors on an evaluation set without increasing the training set, and show the advantages of our method with respect to SVM, ANN‐MLP, and k‐NN classifiers in several experiments with datasets of various types. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 120–131, 2009.
Combining ubiquitous direction‐sensitive digitizing with a multimedia electronic dictionary for enhanced understanding
Authors: Barneva Reneta P. , Brimkov Valentin E. , Kanev Kamen D. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractWe propose and discuss a novel method for enhancing books and other printed materials with layers of digital data blended with their page content. In document digitizing a patented Cluster Pattern Interface (CLUSPI®) is used for providing orientation and position feedback that establishes connections with an electronic multimedia dictionary employing pictures, multilingual word explanations, and pronunciation samples. The work is mainly oriented to young children and aims to enhance their reading comprehension and to develop their language learning skills. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 39–49, 2009.
Metal ion‐mediated nitric oxide generation from polyurethanes via covalently linked copper(II)‐cyclen moieties
Authors: Puiu Simona C. , Zhou Zhengrong , White Cortney C. , Neubauer Laura J. , Zhang Zhenfang , Lange Laura E. , Mansfield Joel A. , Meyerhoff Mark E. , Reynolds Melissa M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPolyurethanes are widely used in the manufacturing of biomedical catheters and other blood‐contacting devices; however, thrombus formation still occurs, which renders these catheters ineffective unless systemic anticlotting agents are used. Nitric oxide (NO) is a well‐known inhibitor of platelet activity. In the current study, two commercially available medical polyurethanes (Pellethane™ and Tecophilic®) were derivatized to possess NO‐generating Cu(II)‐cyclen moieties pendant to the polymer backbone. A new three‐step synthetic approach is used, that is simpler than a recently reported method to prepare Cu(II)‐cyclen‐polyurethane materials. Both derivatized polyurethanes were found to produce NO at levels at or above those of endothelial cells. A comparison between the modified commercial polyurethanes (hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic) is presented, including the synthetic scheme, extensive characterization, and coating application. These derivatized polymers may serve as useful coatings to prevent clotting on the surface of catheters and other blood‐contacting biomedical devices. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Improvement of hydrogelation abilities and handling of photocurable gelatin‐based crosslinking materials
Authors: Fukaya Chie , Nakayama Yasuhide , Murayama Yoshinobu , Omata Sadao , Ishikawa Ayaka , Hosaka Yasuo , Nakagawa Taneaki 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThree types of eosin‐derivatized gelatins (eosin‐gelatins) with different molecular weights (Mw) of ca. 15 kDa (low‐molecular‐weight eosin‐gelatin, LEG), ca. 30 kDa (medium‐molecular‐weight eosin‐gelatin, MEG), and ca. 95 kDa (high‐molecular‐weight eosin‐gelatin, HEG) were prepared. All the eosin‐gelatins except for HEG dissolved completely in water at 37°C within several hours even at high concentrations of 35 or 40 wt % along with polyamine (poly(N,N‐dimethylaminopropylacrylamide)) to produce photo‐crosslinkable materials. The materials had appropriate viscosity for in situ molding at 37°C and could be handled as a liquid at low temperatures of up to 25°C. Upon photoirradiation for several tens of seconds, the materials were converted almost completely to hydrogels in the desired form with a microporous network structure by the radical coupling reaction. The mechanical strength of the produced hydrogels could be controlled by selecting a particular molecular weight or concentration of eosin‐gelatins. The hydrogels obtained from LEG (40 wt %) or MEG (35 wt %) had elasticity similar to that of goat periodontal tissue. The handling of the photo‐crosslinkable materials at room temperature and their photogelation ability were drastically improved by reducing the Mw of eosin‐gelatin. The potential usefulness of the photo‐crosslinkable materials to periodontal regeneration has been discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity in cancer: A genome‐centric perspective
Authors: Heng Henry H.Q. , Bremer Steven W. , Stevens Joshua B. , Ye Karen J. , Liu Guo , Ye Christine J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGenetic and epigenetic heterogeneity (the main form of non‐genetic heterogeneity) are key elements in cancer progression and drug resistance, as they provide needed population diversity, complexity, and robustness. Despite drastically increased evidence of multiple levels of heterogeneity in cancer, the general approach has been to eliminate the “noise” of heterogeneity to establish genetic and epigenetic patterns. In particular, the appreciation of new types of epigenetic regulation like non‐coding RNA, have led to the hope of solving the mystery of cancer that the current genetic theories seem to be unable to achieve. In this mini‐review, we have briefly analyzed a number of mis‐conceptions regarding cancer heterogeneity, followed by the re‐evaluation of cancer heterogeneity within a framework of the genome‐centric concept of evolution. The analysis of the relationship between gene, epigenetic and genome level heterogeneity, and the challenges of measuring heterogeneity among multiple levels have been discussed. Further, we propose that measuring genome level heterogeneity represents an effective strategy in the study of cancer and other types of complex diseases, as emphasis on the pattern of system evolution rather than specific pathways provides a global and synthetic approach. Compared to the degree of heterogeneity, individual molecular pathways will have limited predictability during stochastic cancer evolution where genome dynamics (reflected by karyotypic heterogeneity) will dominate. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 538–547, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of oxygen in regulating neural stem cells in development and disease
Authors: Panchision David M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractOxygen (O2) is a substrate for energy production in the cell and is a rapid regulator of cellular metabolism. Recent studies have also implicated O2 and its signal transduction pathways in controlling cell proliferation, fate, and morphogenesis during the development of many tissues, including the nervous system. O2 tensions in the intact brain are much lower than in room air, and there is evidence that dynamic control of O2 availability may be a component of the in vivo neural stem cell (NSC) niche. At lower O2 tensions, hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) facilitates signal transduction pathways that promote self‐renewal (e.g., Notch) and inhibits pathways that promote NSC differentiation or apoptosis (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins). Increasing O2 tension degrades HIF1α, thus promoting differentiation or apoptosis of NSCs and progenitors. These dynamic changes in O2 tension can be mimicked to optimize ex vivo production methods for cell replacement therapies. Conversely, disrupted O2 availability may play a critical role in disease states such as stroke or brain tumor progression. Hypoxia during stroke activates precursor proliferation in vivo, while glioblastoma stem cells proliferate maximally in a more hypoxic environment than normal stem cells, which may make them resistant to certain anti‐neoplastic therapies. These findings suggest that O2 response is central to the normal architecture and dynamics of NSC regulation and in the etiology and treatment of brain diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 220: 562–568, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective esterification of ibuprofen with ethanol as reactant and solvent catalyzed by immobilized lipase: experimental and molecular modeling aspects
Authors: Foresti María L. , Galle Marianela , Ferreira María L. , Briand Laura E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: In recent years enantioselective esterification of racemic ibuprofen performed in organic co‐solvent media such as isooctane and cyclohexane and catalyzed by lipases, has been proposed as an effective way to increase the concentration of S‐ibuprofen in the racemic mixture. In this contribution, the enantioselective enzymatic esterification of (R,S)‐ibuprofen with ethanol catalyzed by commercial Novozym 435 without the addition of a co‐solvent is thoroughly investigated. Experimental data are further analyzed considering the results of extensive molecular modeling calculations.RESULTS: The conversion of ibuprofen towards the ethyl esters and the enantiomeric excess towards S‐ibuprofen are greatly affected by the ethanol and water contents of the reaction media. The optimum conditions for the esterification of racemic ibuprofen in a batch‐type reactor were as follows: molar ratio of ethanol to ibuprofen = 7, 4.8% v/v of water, 160 mg of Novozym 435, 45 °C and 200 rpm. Under these conditions an enantiomeric excess of 54% and 63% of ibuprofen conversion were reached.CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that the reaction in excess of the esterifying alcohol in a system free of additional organic solvents is possible if the proper conditions are set. Molecular modeling calculations demonstrated that the formation of dead‐end compounds between the enzyme and ethanol/water may account for lipase inhibition at high concentrations of those compounds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Dynamics of the septum primum in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Zielinsky Paulo , Beltrame Paulo Afonso , Manica João Luiz , Piccoli Antonio L. , da Costa Márcia Abdalla Teixeira , Motta Lucília , Castagna Rômulo , Nicoloso Luiz Henrique 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPurpose.To test the hypothesis that the linear displacement of the septum primum (SP) is lower in fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) than in fetuses with appropriate growth for gestational age (AGA).Methods.In a cross‐sectional study, the ratio between the SP displacement and left atrial diameter (excursion index [EI]) was compared in 27 fetuses with IUGR (group 1), 24 fetuses with AGA of hypertensive mothers (group 2), and 35 controls (group 3). Flow through the atrioventricular (AV) valves and the umbilical artery resistance index (RI) were also compared.Results.Irrespective of gestational age, mean EI in group 1 (0.41 ± 0.07) was significantly lower than in group 2 (0.48 ± 0.07; p < 0.001) and than in group 3 (0.50 ± 0.06; p < 0.001), with no significant differences between groups 2 and 3. In fetuses over 30 weeks of gestation of group 1, EI was lower (0.38 ± 0.05) than in group 2 (0.49 ± 0.07) and group 3 (0.51 ± 0.06; p < 0.001). There was significant inverse correlation between EI and RI (r = 0.46; p < 0.01) and no correlation between EI and AV flow velocities.Conclusions.SP mobility is reduced in fetuses over 30 weeks with IUGR compared with AGA fetuses. These findings may depend on alterations of left ventricular diastolic function and are correlated to the degree of placental insufficiency. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009
Surface exposure dating of Late Pleistocene glaciations at the Dedegöl Mountains (Lake Beyşehir, SW Turkey)
Authors: Zahno Conradin , Akçar Naki , Yavuz Vural , Kubik Peter W. , Schlüchter Christian 
Published: May 2009

AbstractSituated on the interior side of the western central Taurus Mountains of SW Anatolia, the Muslu Valley in the Dedegöl Mountains (Mt Dipoyraz: 37° 37′ 07″ N, 31° 19′ 42″ E, 2992 m above sea level (a.s.l.)) represents the lower part of a formerly glaciated valley system of ∼7.5 km in length. Surface exposure ages with cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al date a glacier expansion out of the Muslu Valley 24.3 ± 1.8 ka ago (1σ confidence interval) and give evidence for pronounced glacier advances prior to the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 ± 2 ka). Deglaciation commenced no later than 17.7 ± 1.4 ka ago. Superimposed climatic oscillations are indicated by glacier fluctuations dated around 19.8 ± 1.6 ka and again 13.9 ± 2.3 ka prior to the first major amelioration of climate. The Late Pleistocene glacier chronology from the western central Taurus Mountains, published lake level fluctuation data of palaeolake Konya and Lake Beyşehir, and nearby pollen data on the central Anatolian plateau reveal a conspicuous time correlation of palaeoenvironmental change. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmental Mobility in the Non‐crystalline Regions of Semicrystalline Polymers and its Implications on Melting
Authors: Rastogi Sanjay , Yao Yefeng , Lippits Dirk R. , Höhne Günther W. H. , Graf Robert , Spiess Hans Wolfgang , Lemstra Piet J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDetailed knowledge on chain mobility in polymers is of fundamental interest in order to understand their mechanical properties. As a specific example, the melting behavior of semicrystalline polyethylene can be studied by thermal analysis and NMR spectroscopy. In ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW‐PE) crystallised via different routes, i.e., directly during polymerisation, from solution, or from the melt, and melted under different protocols, different melting processes involving detachment of stems from the crystals and cluster melting can be distinguished. Melting by the consecutive detachment of chain stems from the crystal substrate ultimately results in a melt state where chain dynamics for entanglement formation are much more restricted.magnified image
Polymer Brushes for Surface Tuning
Authors: Uhlmann Petra , Merlitz Holger , Sommer Jens‐Uwe , Stamm Manfred 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMixed polymer brushes as functional ultra thin films for surface functionalization have an enormous potential to create a variety of smart, switchable, and multifunctional surfaces and thin films. It is shown how computer simulations can contribute to a better understanding of the switching behavior of brushes. Furthermore, it is described how polymer brushes can be used to create surfaces with switchable ultrahydrophobicity and wettability gradients, as well as functional layers for the immobilization of nanoparticles. Applications of these versatile and multifunctional brush coatings are envisioned in many areas including fluid control, microfluidics, and thin film sensors.magnified image