bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of INAA technique for analysis of essential and toxic elements in two Algerian plants Cynodon dactylon L. and Phragmites australis
Authors: Moulai Nasreddine , Beladel Brahim , Messaoudi Mohammed , Osmani Nadjet , Brahimi Abdelkarim , Malki Abderrahim , Lammouri Rahima , Ouanezar Abdelkader 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study represents the investigation of major and trace elements in two indigenous plants, Cynodon dactylon (L.) and Phragmites australis, grown in the Ghardaia region of Southern Algeria. Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) technique, the research aimed to ascertain the content of essential and toxic elements in the aerial parts of these plants. Twenty eight elements as (Ag, As, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, Hg, K, La, Lu, Na, Nd, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Tb, Th, Yb and Zn) were analysis with INAA method. Given the scarcity of data regarding essential and toxic chemical elements in food within Algeria, the study focused on evaluating the content of these elements in two plant species commonly utilized by Bedouins in traditional medicine and as fodder, as well as by professionals for decontamination and water purification purposes. The concentrations of mineral elements observed in these plants were found to be in proximity to the minimum levels recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The data obtained from this investigation are deemed applicable for Algerian food purposes, offering valuable insights into the elemental composition of these plants and their potential roles in traditional and practical applications.
The influence of geology on the quality of groundwater for domestic use: a Kenyan review
Authors: Gevera Patrick Kirita , Onyari Ednah Kwamboka 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Kenya’s population, akin to other Sub-Saharan countries, is rapidly growing. With the increasing unreliability of surface water, groundwater resources are becoming highly relied on for domestic and industrial use. Despite several known contaminants reported in different parts of the country, no study has attempted to correlate groundwater quality in the different geological provinces. This review critically synthesizes the influence of Kenya’s diverse geology on groundwater quality for human consumption. This was achieved through a review of published journal articles and other research material through research and government databases. Groundwater was categorised based on the major geological provinces including the Archaean volcanic Nyanzian Craton, the Proterozoic metamorphic Mozambique Mobile Belt (MMB) and volcanic Kisii Group, the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sediments, and Tertiary volcanic Rift Valley. Groundwater quality in these regions showed a characteristic high concentration of fluoride (F−) in volcanic aquifers of the Rift Valley and Nyazian Craton and metamorphic aquifers of the MMB, where mineral dissolution was the main process of F− release. High salinity was common in metamorphic aquifers in the MMB and the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary aquifers where mineral dissolution and seawater intrusion were the common contributors to salinity. Other contaminants such as lead and iron were reported in localised areas in the sedimentary and metamorphic aquifers, respectively. Anthropogenic contaminants such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), NO3
−, and NO2
− were common in shallow groundwater resources in most informal settlements in urban areas. Due to the presence of health implications, of the highlighted contaminants, such as fluorosis, high blood pressure and diarrhoea (due to high F− and salinity) in affected regions, this review highlights the need for an active water resource management program in any country relying on groundwater resources to determine the presence of all region-specific potentially harmful chemical elements and mitigation measures in all its water resources.
Amphetamine and methylphenidate potential on the recovery from stroke and traumatic brain injury: a review
Authors: Ferreira Mariana , Carneiro Patrícia , Costa Vera Marisa , Carvalho Félix , Meisel Andreas , Capela João Paulo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The prevalence of stroke and traumatic brain injury is increasing worldwide. However, current treatments do not fully cure or stop their progression, acting mostly on symptoms. Amphetamine and methylphenidate are stimulants already approved for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy treatment, with neuroprotective potential and benefits when used in appropriate doses. This review aimed to summarize pre-clinical and clinical trials testing either amphetamine or methylphenidate for the treatment of stroke and traumatic brain injury. We used PubMed as a database and included the following keywords ((methylphenidate) OR (Ritalin) OR (Concerta) OR (Biphentin) OR (amphetamine) OR (Adderall)) AND ((stroke) OR (brain injury) OR (neuroplasticity)). Overall, studies provided inconsistent results regarding cognitive and motor function. Neurite outgrowth, synaptic proteins, dendritic complexity, and synaptic plasticity increases were reported in pre-clinical studies along with function improvement. Clinical trials have demonstrated that, depending on the brain region, there is an increase in motor activity, attention, and memory due to the stimulation of the functionally depressed catecholamine system and the activation of neuronal remodeling proteins. Nevertheless, more clinical trials and pre-clinical studies are needed to understand the drugs’ full potential for their use in these brain diseases namely, to ascertain the treatment time window, ideal dosage, long-term effects, and mechanisms, while avoiding their addictive potential.
Eating or Not Eating Consecrated Food: Some Dietary Practices in Hittite Religious Texts
Authors: Mouton Alice 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In Hittite religious texts, many references to human consumption or, on the contrary, to prohibiting human consumption of sacrificial food are made, but they have not yet been studied as such. This paper will endeavor to fill this gap by gathering the data for the first time. It will also examine them in context in order to better understand the underlying mechanism of human consumption of consecrated food in Hittite Anatolia.
Controlled delivery of nikkomycin by PEG coated PLGA nanoparticles inhibits chitin synthase to prevent growth of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Mayattu Kamal , Ghormade Vandana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aspergillosis is one of the most common fungal infections that can threaten individuals with immune compromised condition. Due to the increasing resistance of pathogens to the existing antifungal drugs, it is difficult to tackle such disease conditions. Whereas, nikkomycin is an emerging safe and effective antifungal drug which causes fungal cell wall disruption by inhibiting chitin synthase. Hence, the study aims at the development of nikkomycin loaded PEG coated PLGA nanoparticles for its increased antifungal efficiency and inhibiting Aspergillus infections. The P-PLGA-Nik NPs were synthesized by w/o/w double emulsification method which resulted in a particle size of 208.3 ± 15 nm with a drug loading of 52.97 %. The NPs showed first order diffusion-controlled drug release which was sustained for 24 h. These nanoparticle’s antifungal efficacy was tested using the CLSI – M61 guidelines and the MIC50 defined against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus was found to be >32 μg/ml which was similar to the nikkomycin MIC. The hyphal tip bursting showed the fungal cell wall disruption. The non-cytotoxic and non-haemolytic nature highlights the drug safety profile.
Two weeks of acarbose treatment shows no effect on gut microbiome composition in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study
Authors: Dalsgaard Niels B , Gasbjerg Lærke S , Hansen Laura S , Nielsen Dennis S , Rasmussen Torben S , Knop Filip K 
Published: June 2024

Aim
The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). It acts in the lumen of the gut by reducing intestinal hydrolysis and absorption of ingested carbohydrates. This reduces postprandial blood glucose concentration and increases the content of carbohydrates in the distal parts of the intestine potentially influencing gut microbiome (GM) composition and possibly impacting the gut microbiome (GM) dysbiosis associated with T2D. Here, we investigated the effect of acarbose on GM composition in patients with T2D.

Methods
Faecal samples were collected in a previously conducted randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study in which 15 individuals with metformin-treated T2D (age 57–85 years, HbA1c 40–74 mmol/mol, BMI 23.6–34.6 kg/m2) were subjected to two 14-day treatment periods with acarbose and placebo, respectively, separated by a 6-week wash-out period. Faecal samples were collected before and by the end of each treatment period. The GM profiles were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.

Results
The GM profiles after the treatment periods with acarbose or placebo remained unaffected (P > 0.7) when compared with the GM profiles before treatment. This applied to the analysis of within-sample diversity (α-diversity) and between-sample bacterial composition diversity (β-diversity). Additionally, no dominant bacterial species differentiated the treatment groups, and only minor increases in the relative abundances of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli (P < 0.05) were observed after acarbose treatment.

Conclusion
In patients with metformin-treated T2D, 14 days of treatment with acarbose showed only minor effects on GM as seen in increased relative abundances of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli.
Ang II-induced contraction is impaired in the aortas of renovascular hypertensive animal model
Authors: Fahning Bernah M , Potje Simone R , Paula Tiago D , Grando Marcella D , Bendhack Lusiane M 
Published: June 2024

Graphical abstract

Abstract
Renin–angiotensin system plays a critical role in blood pressure control, and the abnormal activation of the AT1 receptor contributes to the development of renovascular hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the underlying cellular signaling for AT1 receptor activation by Ang II and to compare this mechanism between aortas from 2K-1C and 2K rats. Effects of antagonists and inhibitors were investigated on Ang II-induced contractions in denuded or intact-endothelium aortas. The AT1 receptor antagonist abolished Ang II-induced contraction in 2K-1C and 2K rat aortas, while AT2 and Mas receptors antagonists had no effect. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibition increased the maximal effect (Emax) of Ang II in 2K, which was not changed in 2K-1C aortas. It was associated with lower eNOS mRNA levels in 2K-1C. Endothelium removal increased the Emax of Ang II in 2K-1C and mainly in 2K rat aortas. Nox and COX inhibition did not alter Ang II-induced contraction in 2K and 2K-1C rat aortas. However, AT1 expression was higher in 2K-1C compared to 2K rat aortic rings, whereas expression of phosphorylated (active) IP3 receptors was lower in 2K-1C than in 2K rats. These results demonstrate that endothelium removal impairs Ang II-stimulated contraction in the aorta of 2K-1C rats, which is associated with the reduction of IP3 receptor phosphorylation and activation. In addition, eNOS plays a critical role in Ang II-induced contraction in 2K rat aortas. It is possible that the high Ang II plasma levels could desensitize AT1 receptor in 2K-1C rats, leading to impaired IP3 receptors activation.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) dengan Perkembangan Motorik pada Anak Usia Prasekolah
Authors: Rapingah Siti , Widiyanti Syifa 
Published: June 2024

Pre-school childrens’ at the age of 3-6 years is called the golden age periode of brain development of children.At this age, children need to be stimulated in order to optimize the development process, one of which is educational games.Many factors affect motoric development in children, one of which is mother's knowledge. This study aims to identify the relationship between mother's knowledge about Educational Game Tools (APE) with motoric development in preschool-aged children. This research is a type of correlational quantitative research. The total population is 380 people. Samples were taken by using multistage area random sampling technique as many as 80 respondents. The analysis used univariate and bivariate using Spearman rank test with = 5%. The results showed that the knowledge of mothers in the good category was 39 (48.8%) and for motoric development which was in the normal category was 41 (51.2%) it can be concluded that there is a relationship between mother knowledge about APE and motoric development in preschoolers. with p value = 0.000 (< 0.05) and r = 0.408. Suggestions for children who are suspect or untestable, it is hoped that the mother/caregiver will stimulate the child's fine motoric development and monitor it according to their age by using KPSP.Keywords: educational game tools, motoric development, pre-school.AbstrakAnak usia 3-6 tahun atau masa pra sekolah disebut sebagai masa keemasan dari pertumbuhan otak anak. Pada usia ini anak harus diberikan rangsangan atau stimulasi agar perkembangan menjadi optimal salah satunya dengan permainan edukatif. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan motorik pada anak, salah satunya pengetahuan ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk mengidentifikasi hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) dengan perkembangan motorik pada anak usia prasekolah. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif korelasional.Jumlah populasi adalah sebanyak 380 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik multistage area random sampling sebanyak 80 responden. Analisis yang digunakan univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji rank spearman dengan α=5%. Hasil penelitianbahwa didapatkan pengetahuan ibu dalam kategori baik sebanyak 39 (48,8%) dan untuk perkembangan motorik yang berada dalam kategori normal adalah sebanyak 41 (51,2%) dapat disimpulkanada hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang APE dengan perkembangan motorik pada anak usia prasekolah dengan p value = 0,000 (< 0,05) dan r = 0,408. Saranpada anak dengan suspect atau untestable diharapkan ibu/pengasuh menstimulasi perkembangan motorik halus anak serta memonitor sesuai dengan usianya menggunakan KPSPKata Kunci: Alat Permainan Edukatif, Perkembangan Motorik, Pra sekolah
EFEKTIVITAS METODE TBL (TEAM BASED LEARNING) PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Kamaludin Fahmi , Rosadi Andrea Salsabila , Herkan Muhamad Thariq , Makkiyah Feda Anisah 
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a shift in learning method, from synchronous face-to-face to synchronous online. Traditional online learning methods, on the other hand, have proven ineffective. As a result, a new method is required to make learning more motivating and to achieve the desired learning outcome. Team-based learning is one of the newer learning methods that is gaining popularity today (TBL). TBL is a learning method that emphasizes team collaboration with minimal human resources unlike problem based learning. Students are expected to be more active in learning activities and to collaborate within their groups. However, some question whether online TBL is as effective as offline TBL. The purpose of this paper is to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of online TBL. This literature review searched for English-language journals in the last 5 years (PubMed and NCBI databases) which focused on TBL online and offline learning. The satisfaction of students in the survey showed good results (85%). However, there was a weakness of online TBL such as decreased verbal communication, collaboration and leadership of students. In contrast, student’s learning experiences and student’s written communication skills showed no difference with offline learning. Online TBL still proves effective with providing more space for student’s communication.keywords: Team Based Learning, Literatur Review, Pandemic Event Abstrak Pandemi COVID-19 telah mendorong perubahan metode pembelajaran, dari secara tatap muka menjadi secara daring. Namun, metode pembelajaran daring konvensional terbukti tidak efektif. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah metode baru agar pembelajaran menjadi lebih memotivasi dan tujuan pembelajaran akan tercapai. Salah satu metode pembelajaran baru yang sedang populer saat ini adalah team based learning (TBL). TBL adalah metode pembelajaran yang menekankan kolaborasi antar tim. Pada metode ini, siswa dituntut untuk lebih aktif dan harus bekerja sama dengan kelompok mereka. Namun, terdapat beberapa keraguan apakah TBL yang dilakukan secara daring sama efektifnya dengan TBL yang dilakukan secara luring. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mencari kelebihan dan kekurangan metode TBL daring. Literature review ini mencari dari jurnal berbahasa inggris 5 tahun terakhir (database PubMed dan NCBI) yang berfokus pada TBL daring dan luring. Hasilnya, kepuasan siswa pada survei mendapatkan hasil yang baik (85%). Namun, terdapat kekurangan dari TBL daring seperti menurunnya komunikasi verbal dan kepemimpinan pada siswa. Sebaliknya, pengalaman belajar dan kemampuan komunikasi tertulis siswa menunjukan tidak ada perbedaan dengan pembelajaran luring. Kesimpulannya, TBL daring terbukti efektif dengan memberikan lebih banyak ruang untuk siswa berkomunikasi.Kata kunci : Team Based Learning, literatur review, peristiwa pandemi
The Rounds Efficiency Index: A Novel Physics-Based Construct for Patient- and Family-Centered Rounds
Authors: Tuomela Krista , Agbeh Abiye , Anibaba Fatima , Toth Heather , Rogers Amanda , Porada Kelsey , Lynch Kelly , Hadjiev Jennifer , Weisgerber Michael C. , Bauer Sarah Corey 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Efficiently conducting patient- and family-centered rounds (PFCR) is challenging, particularly without a measure of efficiency. In physics, efficiency is the ratio of work output to work input. We sought to evaluate PFCR efficiency via a novel construct rooted in physics. Our objectives were to (1) Establish baseline work output for clinical work (CW), educational effectiveness (EE), and family experience (FE); (2) establish baseline work input for rounds length (RL); and (3) begin preliminary construction of a rounds efficiency index (REI) as a measure of PFCR efficiency.

METHODS
Four components of rounds efficiency were collected on 5 inpatient acute care teams during a baseline period. CW consisted of the percentage of daily orders placed on rounds. EE was assessed via survey for trainees and FE by families. RL was recorded in minutes per patient. During an 8-week intensive period, the REI (reported as %) was calculated as a ratio of work output/work input using aggregate mean/median ratings for CW, EE, FE, and RL.

RESULTS
Baseline data included 809 orders, 28 EE ratings, 21 FE ratings, and RL mean of 11.4 minutes per patient. During the intensive period, the median team-specific weekly REI for the end versus beginning of the academic year was 58% and 52.5% (P = .17), respectively. The median REI during the start and end of the block was 49% and 57% (P = .15), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The study assessed 4 components of efficiency (CW, EE, FE, RL) and calculated REI allowing for a preliminary tool to measure rounding efficiency. With this, targeted interventions can improve PFCR efficiency.
Climate change and weather extremes as risk multipliers
Authors: Scheffran Jürgen 
Published: June 2024

The role of global warming as a risk multiplier is discussed in an integrative framework connecting climate and societal stability, acting through complex and destabilizing impact chains beyond thresholds. These include complex social interactions and self-enforcing collective dynamics such as breakdown of vulnerable infrastructures and networks; tradeoffs in the water-food-energy nexus; economic and financial crashes; social protest and turmoil; mass migration and violent conflict. Adressing the challenges through adaptive and anticipative governance can induce societal transformation processes to protect human security, develop social livelihood, strengthen societal resilience and solve problems along cooperative and sustainable pathways. In this context, key questions considered are conditions when climate stress exceeds the adaptive capacity of natural and social systems; tolerance ranges of stability and instability; impacts of climate stress on critical infrastructures and human-environment-interaction; thresholds of negative and positive tipping points triggering cascading events; and conditions for sustainability transition and societal transformation processes.
hibridização simultânea na educação corporativa
Authors: Gomes de Souza Oliveira Heloísa , Peixoto Delmir , Almeida Juliana 
Published: June 2024

Com a ampliação do trabalho remoto pós-pandemia da Covid-19, oensino híbrido na educação corporativa ganha força como estratégia paraconciliar a aprendizagem tanto dos trabalhadores fisicamente presenciais quanto dos virtualmente presenciais. Este estudo objetiva analisar uma das novas formas de se pensar a educação híbrida: a educação simultânea. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso das salas de aula flex da Universidade Petrobras. O texto analisa os resultados de sua implantação, apontando possibilidades de melhorias, oferecendo dicas e verificando que as salas flex são uma solução educacional eficaz para viabilizar o processo de aprendizagem simultânea.
Brûlures radiologiques
Authors: BICH C.-S. , GUÉRIF V. , DEWOLF V. , DUHOUX A. , BRACHET M. , DUHAMEL P. , BEY É. 
Published: June 2024

Les brûlures radiologiques sont la conséquence d'une surexposition à un rayonnement ionisant ou bien une contamination externe, même si cela est beaucoup plus rare. Dans les deux cas, elles se manifestent par des lésions chroniques avec un risque de récidives et de récurrences plusieurs années après l'exposition. Dans le cas d'une irradiation, les effets attendus sont liés à la dose et sont donc prédictibles par une bonne connaissance des propriétés biophysiques de la particule irradiante et de la sensibilité variable des tissus irradiés. Le traitement peut être exclusivement chirurgical ou « combiné » c’est-à-dire associant des chirurgies parfois complexes et injections de cellules souches mésenchymateuses autologues.
Dans le cas de la contamination externe, il faut tout d'abord procéder à un lavage et une décontamination des tissus.
Historiquement les brûlures radiologiques survenaient dans les suites d'accidents industriels. Avec la désindustrialisation de nos pays au développement économique élevé, ces accidents sont devenus anecdotiques mais sont encore présents dans les pays émergeants. Actuellement le plus gros pourvoyeur d'accidents d'irradiation est la iatrogénie médicale : avec l'essor de la radiologie interventionnelle, nous voyons émerger des brûlures radiologiques beaucoup plus fréquemment. En revanche les lésions dues à la radiothérapie ont fortement diminué.