bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy in a Non-Communicating Rudimentary Horn of Uterus: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Chowdhury S , Chowdhury T , Azim E 
Published: October 2010

Pregnancy in non-communicating rudimentary horn is extremely rare. It carries grave risk to mother and fetus due to rupture of rudimentary horn in second trimester of pregnancy. Here is a case of ruptured rudimentary horn pregnancy at gestation of 14 weeks. Laparotomy was done and the rudimentary horn was excised. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Keywords: Two unicornuate uteruses; rudimentary horn; rupture DOI: 10.3329/bmj.v39i1.6234 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2010; 39(1): 47-48
Effects of Manduca sexta allatostatin and an analogue on the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) and degradation by enzymes in the aphid gut
Authors: Matthews H. June , Down Rachel E. , Audsley Neil 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe oral toxicity of the C‐type allatostatin, Manduca sexta allatostatin (Manse‐AS) and the analogue δR3δR5Manse‐AS, where R residues were replaced by their D‐isomers, were tested against the peach‐potato aphid Myzus persicae by incorporation into an artificial diet. Both peptides had significant dose‐dependent effects on mortality, growth, and fecundity compared with control insects. The analogue, δR3δR5Manse‐AS, had an estimated LC50 of 0.31 µg/µl diet and was more potent than Manse‐AS (estimated LC50 of 0.58 µg/µl diet). At a dose of 0.35 µg δR3δR5Manse‐AS/µl diet, 76% of the aphids were dead after 6 days and all were dead after 10 days. In comparison, three times the dose of Manse‐AS was required to achieve 74% mortality after 8 days and 98% mortality after 16 days. The degradation of both peptides by extracts prepared from the gut of M. persicae was investigated. The estimated half‐life of Manse‐AS, when incubated with the gut extract from M. persicae, was 31 min. Degradation was due to a cathepsin L‐like cysteine protease, carboxypeptidase‐like activity, endoprotease activity with glutamine specificity, pyroglutamate aminopeptidase activity, and possibly trypsin‐like proteases. The half‐life of the δR3δR5 Manse‐AS analogue was enhanced (73 min) with the D‐isomers of R appearing to prevent cleavage around the R residues by cathepsin L‐like cysteine proteases or from trypsin‐like proteases. The greater stability of the analogue may explain its increased potency in M. persicae. This work demonstrates the potential use of Manse‐AS and analogues, with greater resistance to enzymatic attack, in aphid control strategies. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cigarette smoking in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Hudson Marie , Lo Ernest , Lu Ying , Hercz Daniel , Baron Murray ,   Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, Steele Russell 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of cigarette smoking on vascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory outcomes in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsSubjects were patients enrolled in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group cohort. Smoking history was obtained by patient self‐report. The effect of smoking was assessed using multiple regression analysis of each SSc clinical outcome of interest (vascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory). Smoking was modeled both as categorical variables (current, past, and never) and using the Comprehensive Smoking Index (CSI), which integrates smoking intensity, duration of smoking, and time since cessation into a single covariate of smoking effect. All regression models were adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, and limited or diffuse skin involvement.ResultsThis study included 606 patients with SSc, of whom 87% were women and 90% were white, and the mean age was 55 years, mean disease duration was 11 years, and 36% had diffuse disease. Of these patients, 16% were current smokers, 42% were past smokers, and 42% were never smokers. The regression analyses showed that smoking had a significant negative effect on almost all vascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory outcomes. The effects of smoking were in some cases long‐lasting (e.g., persistent respiratory abnormalities), and smoking cessation appeared beneficial with respect to some outcomes (e.g., reduced severity of Raynaud's phenomenon).ConclusionPhysicians caring for patients with SSc should prioritize smoking cessation as a recommendation to patients, and resources directed to supporting smoking cessation in patients with SSc should be more readily available.
CCN2 is required for bleomycin‐induced skin fibrosis in mice
Authors: Liu Shangxi , Shi‐wen Xu , Abraham David J. , Leask Andrew 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveNo therapy for fibrotic disease is available. The proadhesive matricellular protein connective tissue growth factor CCN2 is a marker of fibrotic cells; however, the specific role of CCN2 in connective tissue biology in general and in fibrogenesis in particular is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether adult mice bearing a smooth muscle cell/fibroblast–specific deletion of CCN2 are resistant to bleomycin‐induced skin scleroderma.MethodsCutaneous fibrosis was induced in mice by subcutaneous injection of bleomycin. Untreated control groups were injected with phosphate buffered saline. Mice bearing a fibroblast/smooth muscle cell–specific deletion of CCN2 were investigated for changes in dermal thickness, collagen content, and the number of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA)–positive cells. Dermal fibroblasts were isolated to assess whether the induction of collagen and α‐SMA messenger RNA in response to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) was impaired.ResultsThe loss of CCN2 resulted in resistance to bleomycin‐induced skin fibrosis. In response to bleomycin, wild‐type mice possessed, but CCN2‐deficient mice lacked, abundant α‐SMA–expressing myofibroblasts within fibrotic lesions. Fibroblast responses to TGFβ, a potent inducer of myofibroblast differentiation, were not affected. Collectively, these results indicate that CCN2 is essential for bleomycin‐induced skin fibrosis, likely due to a defect in myofibroblast recruitment.ConclusionThese data indicate that therapeutic strategies that involve blocking CCN2 in vivo may be of benefit in combating fibrotic skin disease.
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome in connective tissue disease
Authors: Cottin Vincent , Nunes Hilario , Mouthon Luc , Gamondes Delphine , Lazor Romain , Hachulla Eric , Revel Didier , Valeyre Dominique , Cordier Jean‐François ,   Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Maladies “Orphelines” Pulmonaires
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectiveConnective tissue diseases (CTDs) are associated with several interstitial lung diseases. The aim of this study was to describe the recently individualized syndrome of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in a population of patients with CTD.MethodsIn this multicenter study, we retrospectively investigated data from patients with CTD who also have CPFE. The demographic characteristics of the patients, the results of pulmonary function testing, high‐resolution computed tomography, lung biopsy, and treatment, and the outcomes of the patients were analyzed.ResultsData from 34 patients with CTD who were followed up for a mean ± SD duration of 8.3 ± 7.0 years were analyzed. Eighteen of the patients had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 10 had systemic sclerosis (SSc), 4 had mixed or overlap CTD, and 2 had other CTDs. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 57 ± 11 years, 23 were men, and 30 were current or former smokers. High‐resolution computed tomography revealed emphysema of the upper lung zones and pulmonary fibrosis of the lower zones in all patients, and all patients exhibited dyspnea during exercise. Moderately impaired pulmonary function test results and markedly reduced carbon monoxide transfer capacity were observed. Five patients with SSc exhibited pulmonary hypertension. Four patients died during followup. Patients with CTD and CPFE were significantly younger than an historical control group of patients with idiopathic CPFE and more frequently were female. In addition, patients with CTD and CPFE had higher lung volumes, lower diffusion capacity, higher pulmonary pressures, and more frequently were male than those with CTD and lung fibrosis without emphysema.ConclusionCPFE warrants inclusion as a novel, distinct pulmonary manifestation within the spectrum of CTD‐associated lung diseases in smokers or former smokers, especially in patients with RA or SSc.
Alternating and Diblock Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymers Based on Diindeno[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐d]thiophene Structure: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Chen Chiu‐Hsiang , Cheng Yen‐Ju , Dubosc Martin , Hsieh Chao‐Hsiang , Chu Cheng‐Che , Hsu Chain‐Shu 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPentacyclic diindeno[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐d]thiophene (DIDT) unit is a rigid and coplanar conjugated molecule. To the best of our knowledge, this attractive molecule has never been incorporated into a polymer and thus its application in polymer solar cells has never been explored. For the first time, we report the detailed synthesis of the tetra‐alkylated DIDT molecule leading to its dibromo‐ and diboronic ester derivatives, which are the key monomers for preparation of DIDT‐based polymers. Two donor–acceptor alternating polymers, poly(diindenothiophene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) PDIDTBT and poly(diindenothiophene‐alt‐dithienylbenzothiadiazole) PDIDTDTBT, were synthesized by using Suzuki polymerization. Copolymer PTDIDTTBT was also prepared by using Stille polymerization. Although PTDIDTTBT is prepared through a manner of random polymerization, we found that the different reactivities of the dibromo‐monomers lead to the resulting polymer having a block copolymer arrangement. With the higher structural regularity, PTDIDTTBT, symbolized as (thiophene‐alt‐DIDT)0.5‐block‐(thiophene‐alt‐BT)0.5, shows the higher degree of crystallization, stronger π–π stacking, and broader absorption spectrum in the solid state, as compared to its alternating PDIDTDTBT analogue. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM/Ca/Al configuration were fabricated and characterized. PDIDTDTBT/PC71BM and PTDIDTTBT/PC71BM systems exhibited promising power‐conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 1.65 % and 2.00 %, respectively. Owing to the complementary absorption spectra, as well as the compatible structures of PDIDTDTBT and PTDIDTTBT, the PCE of the device based on the ternary blend PDIDTDTBT/PTDIDTTBT/PC71BM was further improved to 2.40 %.
Double‐Pillaring Strategy for Silacyclophanes: Synthesis and Structures of Disilanyl Double‐Pillared Bisanthracenes
Authors: Nakanishi Waka , Hitosugi Shunpei , Shimada Yusuke , Isobe Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA new series of silacyclophanes with two disilanyl pillars has been synthesized using a straightforward method. A silylation reaction of 1,8‐dilithioanthracenes allowed the connection of two anthracene rings with two SiSi bonds to afford disilanyl double‐pillared bisanthracenes (SiDPBAs). The major product had an anti geometry of the anthracene rings, and a unique steplike structure favorable for σ–π conjugations was revealed by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Upon introducing a substituent at the 10‐position of anthracene, we obtained a U‐shaped isomer with syn geometry that yielded an excimer upon excitation and can decompose without steric protection.
Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrins A–E
Authors: Tokuyama Hidetoshi , Okano Kentaro , Fujiwara Hideto , Noji Toshiharu , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: October 2010

AbstractA highly efficient total synthesis of dictyodendrins A–E was accomplished. The synthesis features a novel benzyne‐mediated one‐pot indoline formation/cross‐coupling sequence for the construction of a highly substituted key indoline intermediate. Peripheral substituents were introduced onto this intermediate in a modular fashion to complete the total synthesis of dictyodendrins A–E.
Altered health outcomes in adult offspring of Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats undernourished during early or late pregnancy
Authors: Ellis‐Hutchings Robert G. , Zucker Robert M. , Grey Brian E. , Norwood Joel , Richards Judy H. , Lau Christopher , Rogers John M. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Birth weight in humans has been inversely associated with adult disease risk. Results of animal studies have varied depending on species, strain, and treatment. METHODS: We compared birth weight and adult health in offspring following 50% maternal undernutrition on gestation days (GD) 1–15 (UN1–15) or GD 10–21 (UN10–21) in Sprague Dawley and Wistar rats. Offspring from food‐deprived dams were weighed and cross‐fostered to control dams. Litters were weighed during lactation and initiating at weaning males were fed either control or a high‐fat diet. Young and mature adult offspring were evaluated for obesity, blood pressure (BP), insulin response to oral glucose, and serum lipids. Nephron endowment, renal glucocorticoid receptor, and renin–aldosterone–angiotensin system components were measured. RESULTS: The UN10–21 groups had birth weights lower than controls and transient catch up growth by weaning. Neither strain demonstrated obesity or dyslipidemia following prenatal undernutrition, but long‐term body weight deficits occurred in the UN groups of both strains. High‐fat diet fed offspring gained more weight than control offspring without an effect of prenatal nutrition. Sprague Dawley were slightly more susceptible than Wistar rats to altered insulin response and increased BP following gestational undernutrition. Nephron endowment in Sprague Dawley but not Wistar offspring was lower in the UN10–21 groups. Glucocorticoid and renin–aldosterone–angiotensin system pathways were not altered. CONCLUSIONS: The most consistent effect of maternal undernutrition was elevated BP in offspring. Long‐term health effects occurred with undernutrition during either window, but the UN10–21 period resulted in lower birth weight and more severe adult health effects. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:396–407, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward the First Nonpeptidic Molecular Tong Inhibitor of Wild‐Type and Mutated HIV‐1 Protease Dimerization
Authors: Vidu Anamaria , Dufau Laure , Bannwarth Ludovic , Soulier Jean‐Louis , Sicsic Sames , Piarulli Umberto , Reboud‐Ravaux Michèle , Ongeri Sandrine 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHerein we describe the synthesis and HIV‐1 protease (PR) inhibitory activity of 16 new peptidomimetic molecular tongs with a naphthalene scaffold. Their peptidic character was progressively decreased. Two of these molecules exhibited the best dimerization inhibition activity toward HIV‐1 wild‐type and multimutated ANAM‐11 proteases obtained to date for this class of molecules (∼40 nM for wild‐type PR and 100 nM for ANAM‐11 PR). Although the peptidic character of one molecular tong was completely suppressed, the mechanism of inhibition and inhibitory potency toward both proteases were maintained.
Short duration of sleep increases risk of colorectal adenoma
Authors: Thompson Cheryl L. , Larkin Emma K. , Patel Sanjay , Berger Nathan A. , Redline Susan , Li Li 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Short duration and poor quality of sleep have been associated with increased risks of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and total mortality. However, few studies have investigated their associations with risk of colorectal neoplasia.METHODS:In a screening colonoscopy‐based case‐control study, the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered to 1240 study participants before colonoscopy.RESULTS:Three hundred thirty‐eight (27.3%) of the participants were diagnosed with incident colorectal adenomas. Although there was no appreciable difference in the overall PSQI score between cases and adenoma‐free controls (5.32 vs 5.11; P = .37), the authors found a statistically significant association of colorectal adenoma with the PSQI component 3, which corresponds to sleep duration (P = .02). Cases were more likely to average less than 6 hours of sleep per night (28.9% vs 22.1% in controls, P = .01). In multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, race, smoking, family history of colorectal cancer, and waist‐to‐hip ratio, individuals averaging less than 6 hours per night had an almost 50% increase in risk of colorectal adenomas (OR = 1.47; CI = 1.05‐2.06, P for trend = .02) as compared with individuals sleeping at least 7 hours per night. Cases were also more likely to report being diagnosed with sleep apnea (9.8% vs 6.5%, P = .05) and more likely to have worked alternate shifts (54.0% vs 46.1%, P = .01), although these differences were not significant in multivariate models.CONCLUSIONS:Shorter duration of sleep significantly increases risk of colorectal adenomas. The authors' results suggest sleep duration as a novel risk factor for colorectal neoplasia. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Water Splitting over New Niobate Photocatalysts with Tungsten‐Bronze‐Type Structure and Effect of Transition Metal‐Doping
Authors: Miseki Yugo , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: October 2010

AbstractPhotophysical properties and photocatalytic activities for water splitting over KM2Nb5O15 (M=Sr and Ba) and K2LnNb5O15 (Ln=La, Pr, Nd, and Sm) with tungsten bronze‐type structure were investigated. Single phases of KM2Nb5O15 and K2LnNb5O15 were successfully prepared by solid‐state reaction (SSR) method and polymerizable complex (PC) method. The band gaps of these niobates were estimated to be 3.1–3.5 eV. These metal oxides loaded with an activated NiOx cocatalyst showed photocatalytic activities for water splitting into H2 and O2 under UV irradiation. When K2LaNb5O15 was doped by Rh ions, a new visible‐light absorption band was observed around 400–500 nm in addition to the band gap absorption band of the K2LaNb5O15 host. K2LaNb5O15:Rh showed photocatalytic activities for H2 or O2 evolution from an aqueous solution containing a sacrificial reagent under visible‐light irradiation.
Prevention of type 1 diabetes: today and tomorrow
Authors: Cernea Simona , Dobreanu Minodora , Raz Itamar 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe aim of therapeutic interventions for type 1 diabetes is to suppress pathogenic autoreactivity and to preserve/restore beta‐cell mass and function to physiologically sufficient levels to maintain good metabolic control. During the natural history of type 1 diabetes, several strategies have been applied at various stages in the form of primary, secondary or tertiary prevention approaches. Clinical trials using antigen‐specific (e.g. DiaPep277, human glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)) or non‐specific immune therapies (e.g. anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibodies) have shown some benefit in the modulation of the autoimmune process and prevention of the insulin secretion loss in the short term after diagnosis of diabetes. A single long‐term effective therapy has not been identified yet, and it is likely that in most cases a rationally designed combinatorial approach using immunotherapeutic methods coupled with islet regeneration or replacement will prove to be most effective. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can atmospheric circulation be linked to flooding in Europe?
Authors: Prudhomme Christel , Genevier Marie 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper evaluates whether circulation type catalogues (CTCs) can inform on the occurrence of floods in Europe, and if the same few circulation types (CTs) are systematically associated with floods at the European scale. A measure of the spatial coherence of CT was introduced to compare the relative performance of CTCs in discriminating flood events, based on a local indicator measuring if a CT occurs more frequently than usual prior/during a flood. Antecedent conditions and time‐lag of catchments were accounted for in calculating the indicators on a range of durations up to 30 days preceding a flood. Relationships between flood occurrence on 488 river basins and CTCs were explored using 73 catalogues developed within COST733 Action, all defined from automatic algorithms using ERA‐40 data. Results showed that at the river basin scale, some CTs have significant, positive frequency anomalies with flood occurrence. At the scale of Europe, the same CTs showed the strongest links with flood occurrence. The number of classes of CTCs is of lesser importance than the algorithm used, and depending whether global frequency or persistence of CT was analysed could give contrasting results. Results obtained from an automatically derived Grosswetterlagen classification were consistent with previous research, but performance was lower than that of other automatic algorithms (e.g. WLKC and SANDRAS). Results showed seasonal variation, possibly highlighting the differences in flood generation mechanisms in different regions and seasonal CT frequency. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides
Authors: Gosmini Corinne , Moncomble Aurélien 
Published: October 2010

AbstractCobalt‐catalyzed carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions are an indispensable class of reactions in organic synthesis. This economical and ecologically attractive catalyst could replace, in some cases, the well‐etablished, expensive palladium and toxic nickel catalytic systems that have dominated the field for many years. Cobalt‐catalyzed protocols tolerate various functional groups and present a wide range of reactivity. Moreover, these efficient reactions are very easy to carry out without complex ligands under varied conditions. This review intends to shed light on the fact that cobalt‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions offer an excellent alternative to the usual catalysts. Moreover, these methodologies are sometimes superior, especially for reactions involving alkyl halides.
FOSTERING EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT THROUGH SUBSIDIES: THE ISSUE OF TIMING
Authors: Fiorini Mario 
Published: October 2010

SUMMARYThe purpose of this paper is to build a dynamic structural model of educational choices in which cognitive skills shape decisions. The model is estimated by maximum likelihood using cohort data where individuals are observed from birth to the middle of their working life. These data are unique in that they include cognitive skills test scores collected as early as age 7. We then investigate how alternative policies foster educational enrolment. In particular, we simulate the effect of two subsidies different in the timing of disbursement. The first consists of grants assigned directly to individuals aged between 16 and 18. The second is assigned to the parents earlier on, when the cohort is still in its childhood. The latter subsidy affects cognitive skills accumulation and in turn educational choices. Our results suggest that a grant fosters enrolment at the lowest cost but the parental income subsidy generates more welfare as measured by a class of social welfare functions. Nevertheless, these differences in costs and welfare are small. Overall, the results reinforce the view that government investments in cognitive skill accumulation during childhood are worthwhile. However, the results also indicate that such investments should be well structured to ensure a high return. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.