bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Property rights for social inclusion: Migrant strategies for securing land and livelihoods in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Koczberski Gina , Curry George N. , Imbun Ben 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the broad range of informal land transactions and arrangements migrants are entering into with customary landowners to gain access to customary land for export cash cropping in the oil palm belt of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Whilst these arrangements can provide migrants with relatively secure access to land, there are instances of migrants losing their land rights. Typically, the land tenure arrangements of migrants with more secure access to land are within a framework of property rights for social inclusion whereby customary landowners’ inalienable rights to land are preserved and the ‘outsider’ becomes an ‘insider’ with ongoing use rights to the land. Through socially embedding land transactions in place‐based practices of non‐market exchange, identities of difference are eroded as migrants assume identities as part of their host groups. This adaptability of customary land tenure and its capacity to accommodate large migration in‐flows and expanding commodity production undermines the argument common amongst proponents of land reform that customary tenure is static and inflexible. Before such claims are heeded, there must be more detailed empirical investigations of the diverse range of land tenure regimes operating in areas of the country experiencing high rates of immigration.
In situ off‐farm work in the transport industry among oil palm smallholders in Sabah: Negotiating the borders of licit and illegal activities
Authors: Cooke Fadzilah Majid 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the informal transport sector within the smallholder oil palm economies of Kinabatangan and Lahad Datu areas of eastern Sabah by looking at the metaphoric border that is constructed between licit and illegal activities that take place on roads. It describes the work of two groups of drivers, namely, those who are themselves smallholders who provide a crucial service to the community in getting their fresh fruit bunches to mills on time; and the piret (pirate) taxis who transport passengers including foreign nationals, some of whom are illegal workers. Many have been driving for some time, thereby challenging the notion about off‐farm work as providing a temporary safety net to smallholders. Drivers whose permits may be current may have used illegal means (such as meminggir – logging without licence), to accumulate the initial funds for acquiring their vehicles and necessary permits. Moreover, their clients are unconcerned about their ‘illegal’ status. Consequently, this paper maintains that there is no agreed‐upon norms about legality/illegality, and law enforcement being uneven, the zone in which drivers operate is a fluid one.
Borderland livelihood strategies: The socio‐economic significance of ethnicity in cross‐border labour migration, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Eilenberg Michael , Wadley Reed L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper explores cross‐border ethnic relations as an important socio‐economic strategy for the borderland Iban population in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Iban seeking more lucrative wage work have long used their ethnic identity to facilitate circular labour migration across the international border into Sarawak, Malaysia, a strategy which has also compromised their claims to Indonesian citizenship. Drawing on long‐term field research among the West Kalimantan Iban, we examine the close interconnections among cross‐border labour migration, ethnicity, identity, and citizenship, and how this plays into contemporary issues related to Indonesian political and economic change.
Lobbying to Stay: the Chinese Students’ Campaign to Stay in Australia
Authors: Gao Jia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis paper examines the way in which onshore asylum seekers lobby to stay in the host country permanently, and how they interact with local institutions. This study is based on a multi‐method case study of about 45,000 Chinese nationals in Australia, mostly students, who sought to stay after the so‐called political disturbance of 1989 in China. The students succeeded in obtaining residence by pursuing intensive lobbying activities over a period of about four years from June 1989 to November 1993, becoming the largest onshore migration intake in Australian history. This paper is concerned with how the students and their organizations negotiated the changing stance of the Australian government towards asylum seekers, and the way in which the students harnessed resources in the campaign. It examines the strategies adopted by the students, the roles of the main local institutions in the issue, and analyses the permissiveness of local polities.
The Migration of Westerners to Thailand: An Unusual Flow From Developed to Developing World
Authors: Howard Robert W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThousands of Westerners migrate to Thailand; some go to expatriate jobs and some are self‐funded retirees but many are former tourists who live precariously for years on small local salaries with insecure visa status. The present study examined demographics, reasons for migration, well‐being, perceived assimilation and experiences of Westerners living in or who had lived in Thailand for at least one year. Westerners were studied in‐country and 1003 current and former migrants completed an online survey. Common migration motives were a preference for Thai lifestyle and culture, low living costs, a warm climate, and readily‐available, attractive sexual partners. Most Westerners in‐country reported feeling well‐assimilated; half had Thai partners, and most planned to stay for life. Their major reported problems were the difficult Thai language, visa policies, and official corruption. Common reasons for leaving Thailand were financial or disillusionment, occasioned in some cases by perceived poor assimilation. The move apparently works out well for many but assimilation often may be illusory and there are signs of a local backlash against the influx of Westerners.
Differential susceptibility to rearing experience: the case of childcare
Authors: Pluess Michael , Belsky Jay 
Published: March 2009

Background:  Inconsistencies regarding developmental effects of non‐maternal childcare may be caused by neglecting the possibility that children are differentially susceptible towards such experiences.Method:  Interactions between difficult/negative child temperament and childcare type, quantity, and quality on teacher‐rated behavior problems and social competence at 54 months and in kindergarten were investigated via multiple regression using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care.Results:  Childcare quality interacted with infant negativity in predicting behavior problems and social competence, whereas effects of quantity and type were independent of child temperament. Consistent with Belsky’s (1997) differential susceptibility hypothesis, children with difficult temperaments as infants exhibited both more behavior problems when faced with low quality care and fewer when experiencing high quality care than children with easy temperaments.Conclusions:  Negatively‐emotional infants appear to be more affected by the quality of care they experience – both negatively and positively – than other young children.
Development and validation of the Child Post‐Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI)
Authors: Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Smith Patrick , Bryant Richard , Salmon Karen , Yule William , Dalgleish Tim , Nixon Reginald D.V. 
Published: March 2009

Background:  Negative trauma‐related cognitions have been found to be a significant factor in the maintenance of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Initial studies of such appraisals in trauma‐exposed children and adolescents suggest that this is an important line of research in youth, yet empirically validated measures for use with younger populations are lacking. A measure of negative trauma‐related cognitions for use with children and adolescents, the Child Post‐Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (CPTCI), is presented. The measure was devised as an age‐appropriate version of the adult Post‐Traumatic Cognitions Inventory (Foa et al., 1999).Methods:  The CPTCI was developed and validated within a large (n = 570) sample, comprising community and trauma‐exposed samples of children and adolescents aged 6–18 years.Results:  Principal components analysis suggested a two‐component structure. These components were labelled ‘permanent and disturbing change’ and ‘fragile person in a scary world’, and were each found to possess good internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminative validity. The reliability and validity of these sub‐scales was present regardless of whether the measure was completed in the acute phase or several months after a trauma. Scores on these sub‐scales did not vary with age.Conclusions:  The CPTCI is a reliable and valid measure that is not specific to the type of trauma exposure, and shows considerable promise as a research and clinical tool. The structure of this measure suggests that appraisals concerning the more abstract consequences of a trauma, as well as physical threat and vulnerability, are pertinent factors in trauma‐exposed children and adolescents, even prepubescent children.
Plastic bag politics: modifying consumer behaviour for sustainable development
Authors: Ritch Elaine , Brennan Carol , MacLeod Calum 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe adverse environmental impacts of plastic bags, including production energy costs, limited lifespan, increasing landfill content and inability to biodegrade, provide symbolic and practical evidence of a ‘throwaway’ consumer culture which acts as a significant barrier to sustainable consumption in particular and sustainable development in general. Decoupling consumer behaviour from plastic bag use is therefore an important challenge in the pursuit of sustainable consumption as a precursor to achieving sustainable development. This article provides a critical evaluation of that challenge, set within the theoretical framework of sustainable development. It examines the adverse environmental impacts of plastic bag use and evaluates initiatives by governments and businesses internationally to change consumer behaviour regarding the use of plastic bags in line with sustainable development principles. The politics of this agenda are analysed using a combination of consumer policy and public policy perspectives. Finally, the article draws conclusions regarding the earlier analysis.
Limits to labels: The role of eco‐labels in the assessment of product sustainability and routes to sustainable consumption
Authors: Horne Ralph E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere has been rapid development in the methods, data and protocols for the assessment of product sustainability over the past decade. Notwithstanding this welcome development, the widespread provision of sustainable products has not occurred. Moreover, indications from a myriad of surveys suggest that consumers remain full of intent to purchase sustainably, yet these stated preferences have not translated into a widespread uptake in the purchase of more sustainable products.Heightened interest in climate change over the past couple of years has led to rising calls for labelling to allow consumers to differentiate between more or less sustainable options. Such calls apparently assume that if consumers are presented with appropriate label information their purchases will change and more sustainable purchasing will result. For many observers these calls bring more than a ring of déjà vu as the failures (or at least unfulfilled expectations) of environmental labelling schemes of the past spring to mind.A review and assessment of eco‐labelling schemes is presented. Discussion focuses on the history, successes and failures of such schemes, and consideration of their potential role (or not) in future shifts towards sustainable consumption. Behavioural, social practice, institutional and infrastructure factors are considered and labelling, legislation and other options are explored. Conclusions are drawn regarding potential routes to sustainable consumption, with particular reference to eco‐labels.
An investigation of young fashion consumers' disposal habits
Authors: Morgan Louise R. , Birtwistle Grete 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe research, undertaken in two different stages, was aimed at establishing an understanding of how consumers dispose of fashion products and how to increase sustainable consumption. Increasing volumes of textiles are being produced, purchased and disposed of in landfill sites, which affect the environment. Research has identified the influences in increased purchase behaviour and the tendency to keep clothing for a shorter time. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to undertake this exploratory research. Consumer focus groups and interviews were conducted initially to identify the main themes relating to fashion consumption and disposition. These were followed by a survey administered to young females to ratify the qualitative findings and to ascertain the extent of textile reuse and recycling. This study identifies consumers' lack of understanding of how this behaviour affects the environment and suggests ways of addressing the growing problem of textile waste and how fashion consumption could become more sustainable.
Ethical selving in cultural contexts: fairtrade consumption as an everyday ethical practice in the UK and Germany
Authors: Varul Matthias Zick 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFairtrade consumers, by enacting their political and moral concerns through consumer choice, are at the same time constructing themselves as ethical selves. I will argue that they can only do so by drawing on cultural contexts. While fairtrade is instituted in supranational organizations and acts on a global level, there are still differences on a national level. On the basis of an Anglo‐German study, this paper seeks to map out the cultural contextualization of fairtrade consumption on both a supranational and a national level. The paper identifies the framing role of global consumer culture and an implicit ethics of equitability inscribed in capitalist practices of exchange and specifies how these play out differently in Germany and the UK. In both cases, there are strong references to sovereign consumer choice, and expectations of equitability in commodity exchange have been found. But while, in the British case, there is more emphasis on individual choice and taste, German fairtrade consumers seem to follow more what they perceive as an authoritative discourse. And, while British respondents envisaged the relation to be achieved with producers along the lines of a business relationship, German respondents conceptualized it more as a paternalistic employment relation between fairtrade organizations and producers. Differences will be explained in terms of distinctive consumer cultures, national moral economies and colonialist histories. I will argue that the two national settings not only offer different opportunities and challenges in terms of market success but also pose distinct ethical questions for fairtrade marketers.
Persistent migration of neuroblasts from the subventricular zone to the injured striatum mediated by osteopontin following intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Yan Yi‐Ping , Lang Bradley T. , Vemuganti Raghu , Dempsey Robert J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe investigated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)‐induced lateral migration of neuroblasts and the mechanism underlying this migration. ICH model was induced by collagenase injection into the striatum of adult wild‐type and osteopontin (OPN) knockout mice. In the wild‐type mice, the lateral migration of neuroblasts from the ipsislateral subventricular zone (SVZ) towards the hematoma started at day 3 and continued up to day 28 after ICH. In addition to migrating towards the hematoma, neuroblasts also migrated to the area of ipsilateral striatum remote to the hematoma. The migrating neuroblasts were closely associated with activated astrocytes and blood vessels in the injured striatum. Following ICH, the expression of OPN was up‐regulated in the ipsilateral striatum from day 1 to day 28.In vitro, OPN treatment did not affect the proliferation of neural progenitors, but enhanced the trans‐well and radial migration of neural progenitors.In vivo, OPN deficiency did not affect the proliferation of neural progenitors in the SVZ. However, following ICH a significant decrease in lateral neuroblast migration was observed in the OPN knockout mice compared with the wild‐type mice. These results suggest that increased OPN expression in the injured striatum plays a significant role in the lateral migration of neuroblasts following ICH.
Fibroblast growth factor 9 prevents MPP+‐induced death of dopaminergic neurons and is involved in melatonin neuroprotection in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Huang Jui‐Yen , Hong Yu‐Ting , Chuang Jih‐Ing 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOxidative stress and down‐regulated trophic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of nigrostriatal dopamine(DA)rgic neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is a survival factor for various cell types; however, the effect of FGF9 on DA neurons has not been studied. The antioxidant melatonin protects DA neurons against neurotoxicity. We used MPP+ to induce neuron death in vivo and in vitro and investigated the involvement of FGF9 in MPP+ intoxication and melatonin protection. We found that MPP+ in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner inhibited FGF9 mRNA and protein expression, and caused death in primary cortical neurons. Treating neurons in the substantia nigra and mesencephalic cell cultures with FGF9 protein inhibited the MPP+‐induced cell death of DA neurons. Melatonin co‐treatment attenuated MPP+‐induced FGF9 down‐regulation and DA neuronal apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Co‐treating DA neurons with melatonin and FGF9‐neutralizing antibody prevented the protective effect of melatonin. In the absence of MPP+, the treatment of FGF9‐neutralizing antibody‐induced DA neuronal apoptosis whereas FGF9 protein reduced it indicating that endogenous FGF9 is a survival factor for DA neurons. We conclude that MPP+ down‐regulates FGF9 expression to cause DA neuron death and that the prevention of FGF9 down‐regulation is involved in melatonin‐provided neuroprotection.
Taxonomic review of the genus Macrosiphum (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) for the Korean Peninsula, with description of a new species
Authors: LEE Seunghwan , LEE Wonhoon , KIM Hyojoong , HAVELKA Jan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEight species of the genus Macrosiphum Passerini 1860 (Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) are recognized from the Korean Peninsula. A new species, Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) paektusani n. sp., is described herein for apterous and alate viviparous females on Rosa marretii Lev. (Rosaceae). The taxonomic position of Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) cornifoliae Shinji 1924, com. rev., is transferred from the genus Sitobion Mordvilko 1914 to its original position. Host plants of the Korean Macrosiphum are reviewed and the identification key to subgenera and species is also presented.
Description of a newProcystiphoraspecies (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing galls in culms ofSasa nipponica(Poaceae) in Japan, and the first discovery of an inverted ovipositor in Diptera
Authors: SATO Shinsuke , TABUCHI Ken , YUKAWA Junichi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractProcystiphora uedaisp. nov., a cecidomyiid inducing subglobular galls onSasa nipponicaMakino and Shibata on Mount Ôdaigahara, Nara Prefecture, Japan is described herein. This species is distinguishable from the three known congeners by the following characteristics of the female post‐abdomen: tergite VIII concave at both anterior and posterior margins; tergites VII, VIII and sternite VII unsclerotized; ovipositor–dorsoventrally inverted. Most individuals of this gall midge are univoltine and pupate in the galls in early September, but some individuals enter prolonged diapause at the third larval stadium and remain in the mature galls until the following year. Larvae of this species are attacked by two parasitoid species,Pediobius sasaeHansson (Eulophidae) andTorymussp. (Torymidae).
A review of the genus Aleurolobus Quaintance and Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Taiwan, based mainly on pupal morphology with a description of a new species
Authors: DUBEY Anil Kumar , KO Chiun‐Cheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe whitefly species of the genus Aleurolobus Quaintance and Baker are reviewed from Taiwan. A total of nine species are included. Aleurolobus shiiae Takahashi is new to Taiwan. Aleurolobus osmanthi Young is considered as a junior synonym of Aleurolobus taonabae (Kuwana). A new species, Aleurolobus rubus Dubey and Ko, is described, and the puparia of the new species are diagnosed in a combination of characters: the dorsal pores scattered over dorsum; each located on a large subcircular, chitinised cuticular dorsal marking; faint eye spots; broader submargin; and the vasiform orifice set anterior to the caudal end of puparium by nearly twice of its own length. The record of Aleurolobus philippinensis Quaintance and Baker, and Aleurolobus setigerus Quaintance and Baker from Taiwan is discussed. The puparial diagnosis of each species, identification key to species so far known from Taiwan and illustrations for each species are provided.
Color‐pattern analysis of parafocal elements in butterfly wings
Authors: OTAKI Joji M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractButterfly wing color‐patterns are composed of anatomically identifiable pattern elements, whose positional relations are idealized in the “nymphalid groundplan”. But the status of the parafocal element and submarginal band (which are collectively called “the peripheral elements” for convenience) in this groundplan has been ambiguous. Herein, I descriptively analyze homologous color‐patterns of the parafocal elements in the representative nymphalid butterflies. Cases are presented where the distal and proximal peripheral elements are symmetric on the eyespot focal axis, they are continuous around eyespots, and a given parafocal element shows a concentric pattern. Multi‐compartmental comparison of the consecutive parafocal elements on a given wing surface indicates that the relative locations of the parafocal elements can correlate with the eyespot size and that a peripheral part of an eyespot can be “disconnected” from its focal part. These cases suggest the fundamental difficulty in unequivocally distinguishing the parafocal element from the eyespot at least in some nymphalid species. Taken together, it appears that the parafocal element is developmentally regulated by the organizing activity of the prospective eyespot focus, and thus they are to be considered as a part of the border symmetry system. However, the parafocal element also seems to be organized by its own focus that acts as the secondary organizing center at least in some species. These conclusions based on the natural color‐patterns are in good agreement with those based on the physiologically‐induced color‐pattern changes.