bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polnisches Nationalstadion in Warschau
Authors: Göppert Knut , Haspel Lorenz , Stockhusen Knut 
Published: June 2012

AbstractDas neue polnische Nationalstadion gründet sich auf den aufgeschütteten Trümmern der im Zweiten Weltkrieg zerstörten Stadt Warschau. Mit Begeisterung und Respekt haben wir an der Realisierung eines neuen Wahrzeichens für Warschau auf diesem historisch bedeutsamen Boden mitgewirkt. Gemeinsam mit Planern und ausführenden Firmen aus Polen, Deutschland, Italien und der Schweiz wurde mit dieser Arena ein technischer und funktionaler Meilenstein gesetzt und ingenieurtechnisches Neuland betreten. Der Entwurf einer Multifunktionsarena mit wintertauglichem, verfahrbarem Innendach und die Umsetzung in ein leistungsfähiges Tragwerk mit beweglichen Komponenten führten zu zahlreichen interessanten Aufgaben, über die im Folgenden berichtet werden soll.National Stadium Warsaw. Underneath the foundations of the newly constructed Polish National Stadium rest the wreckage that was removed from the city after the destruction of Warsaw during World War Two. The opportunity to contribute to the design and realization of a new landmark for the Capital and the Polish Nation on such historical grounds was an extraordinary honour for us. The realization of this arena, working in conjunction with designers and companies from Poland, Germany, Italy and Switzerland established a milestone, technically and functionally. It necessitated the development of innovative solutions in response to new engineering challenges, many of which had not been encountered before. The design of this expressive multifunctional arena with a retractable inner roof above the green field, suitable even for winter, and the realization of an efficient structure with moveable components resulted in various interesting engineering tasks. This article shall give insight into some of these topics and the way they have been dealt with.
Windkanaltests zur Ermittlung der Windlasten auf Stadiondächer
Authors: Wacker Jürgen 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFür die statische Bemessung neuer Stadionüberdachungen sind Windlasten oftmals die bemessungsrelevanten Einwirkungen. Es entspricht dem Stand der Technik, die Bemessungswindlasten für Stadiondächer in einem Windkanalversuch zu ermitteln. In diesem Beitrag wird beschrieben, wie solche Untersuchungen durchgeführt werden. Insbesondere wird aufgezeigt, wie sehr sich der Modellbau, die Messungen im Windkanal, die Auswertung der Messdaten und die Aufbereitung der Windlasten im Laufe der Jahre weiterentwickelt haben. Unterschiedliche Bemessungsaspekte werden angesprochen. Anhand dieser Weiterentwicklungen wird verdeutlicht, warum im Hinblick auf Windlastuntersuchungen für Stadiondächer numerische Strömungsberechnungen (CFD‐Berechnungen) nicht in der Lage sind, dem heutigen Stand der Technik entsprechend durchgeführte Windkanaltests zu ersetzen.Determination of wind loads on stadium roofs by means of wind tunnel tests. Wind loads often are very important with regard to the design of new stadium roofs. It is state of the art, to determine the design wind loads for stadium roofs by means of appropriate wind tunnel tests. In this contribution it is described, how such wind tunnel studies are to be done. In particular new developments in model construction, methodology of wind pressure measurements in the wind tunnel, data analysis and documentation of design wind loads are summarized. Different design aspects are summarized. Finally, by consideration of these new developments in wind tunnel testing it is described, why numerical flow simulations (cfd = computational fluid dynamics) are not appropriate to determine design wind loads for stadium roofs adequately.
Stadien – Komfort – Energie
Authors: Bleicher Volkmar , Keßling Wolfgang , Engelhardt Martin 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWenn über Stadien, im Besonderen über Fußballstadien, diskutiert wird, spielen vor allem die Fragen des Komforts eines Zuschauers eine große Rolle. Die Ansprüche an die Nähe zum Geschehen, die Sicht auf das Spielfeld, aber auch den Komfort der Sitze bis hin zum Umfang des Bedarfs an VIP‐Plätzen sind hoch, wobei Kosten, besonders die Energie betreffende, in den meisten Fällen eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen.Seit der Vergabe der Ausrichtung der FIFA Fußball WM 2022 an das Emirat Katar auf der arabischen Halbinsel schärft sich der Blick für das Thema Energie. Nichtexperten sowie Fachleute sprechen von der Unmöglichkeit, für alle Beteiligten akzeptable Spielbedingungen herzustellen und vom unangemessen hohen Energieaufwand für die Kühlung der Spielstätten. Bei der Betrachtung der mehrheitlich vollverglasten Bauten im Nahen Osten, die meist auf unter 18 °C gekühlt werden, liegt diese Annahme nahe. Es sollte dabei jedoch nicht außer Acht gelassen werden, dass generell extreme Außentemperaturen extremer Maßnahmen zur Regulierung bedürfen, in sehr kalten Regionen werden Sportstätten und Bäder mit derart hohem Aufwand geheizt. Die Umweltbelastungen sind in beiden Fällen enorm und es bedarf neuer Möglichkeiten, den Energieverbrauch bei gleichbleibender Qualität der Bedingungen zu reduzieren. Hierfür ist es sinnvoll, die zurzeit geltenden Auslegungsparameter hinsichtlich Komfort und dem daraus resultierenden Energieverbrauch zu analysieren.
Evaluation of ground motion scaling methods in soil–structure interaction analysis
Authors: Abedi‐Nik Farhad , Khoshnoudian Faramarz 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYDynamic analysis of structures deals with scaling of ground motions, which is vital for estimation of seismic responses. A major source of variability in seismic responses of structures arises from scaling of ground motions. In this paper, the accuracy of six conventional scaling methods on estimation of engineering demand parameters of soil–structure interacting systems is investigated. Two‐dimensional structural models of 5, 10, and 20 stories shear buildings are studied by using stick models, whereas the underlying soil is modeled using the cone model concept. This research attempts to elucidate the accuracy of considered methods for the evaluation of responses. The results show that a suitable scaling method for a response may differ from one to another in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of experimentally induced maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on the development of rat offspring: II—The developmental pattern of neurons in relation to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system
Authors: Ahmed O.M. , Ahmed R.G. , El‐Gareib A.W. , El‐Bakry A.M. , Abd El‐Tawab S.M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractExcessive concentrations of free radicals in the developing brain may lead to neurons maldevelopment and neurons damage and death. Thyroid hormones (THs) states play an important role in affecting the modulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. Thus, the objective of this study was to clarify the effect of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in rat dams on the neurons development of different brain regions of their offspring at several postnatal weeks in relation to changes in the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. The adult female rats were administered methimazole (MMI) in drinking water (0.02% w/v) from gestation day 1 to lactation day 21 to induce hypothyroidism and exogenous thyroxine (T4) in drinking water (0.002% w/v) beside intragastric incubation of 50––200 T4 μg/kg body weight (b. wt.) to induce hyperthyroidism. In normal female rats, the sera total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels were detectably increased at day 10 post‐partum than those at day 10 of pregnancy. Free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyrotropin (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in normal offspring were elevated at first, second and third postnatal weeks in an age‐dependent manner. In hypothyroid group, a marked depression was observed in sera of dam TT3 and TT4 as well as offspring FT3, FT4 and GH, while there was a significant increase in TSH level with the age progress. The reverse pattern to latter state was recorded in hyperthyroid group. Concomitantly, in control offspring, the rate of neuron development in both cerebellar and cerebral cortex was increased in its density and complexity with age progress. This development may depend, largely, on THs state. Both maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism caused severe growth retardation in neurons of these regions of their offspring from the first to third weeks. Additionally, in normal offspring, seven antioxidant enzymes, four non‐enzymatic antioxidants and one oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation, LPO) followed a synchronized course of alterations in cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. In both thyroid states, the oxidative damage has been demonstrated by the increased LPO and inhibition of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants in most examined ages and brain regions. These disturbances in the antioxidant defense system led to deterioration in the neuronal maturation and development. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the maldevelopment of neurons and dendrites in different brain regions of offspring of hypothyroid and hyperthyroid mother rat dams may be attributed, at least in part, to the excess oxidative stress and deteriorated antioxidant defense system in such conditions.
Hypothalamic expression of snoRNASnord116is consistent with a link to the hyperphagia and obesity symptoms of Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Zhang Qian , Bouma Gerrit J. , McClellan Kristy , Tobet Stuart 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe hypothalamus is integral to the regulation of body homeostasis, including food intake, energy balance, and blood pressure. Dysfunction of the hypothalamus has been associated with a broad range of disorders; many of which are sex‐dependent in prevalence. Small nucleolar (sno) RNAs are a group of small RNAs located in nucleoli that modulate chemical modifications and maturation of ribosomal or other RNAs. Recent data suggest that snoRNASnord116is important for the pathogenesis of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) characterized by hyperphagia and obesity. The current study was conducted to assess a potential cellular link betweenSnord116and phenotypes of PWS. Data from mice revealedSnord116expression in the medial hypothalamus, particularly within nuclei that are part of feeding circuitry. High expression ofSnord116was evident in the paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei, but particularly prevalent in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) according toin situhybridization.Snord116expression level in ventral hypothalamic dissections including ARC was significantly greater (by 2‐fold) than that in cortex; and its expression level in dorsal hypothalamic dissections including PVN was double that in cortex. The enhanced expression pattern ofSnord116in hypothalamic nuclei was observed at weaning and young adult stages, but less obvious neonatally when expression was significantly more widespread. Therefore the expression ofSnord116likely is regulated developmentally. These results provide a new lead for understanding the mechanism(s) related to hyperphagia and obesity symptoms in PWS patients.
Reconstruction of the late Quaternary paleoenvironments of the Nussloch loess paleosol sequence, Germany, usingn-alkane biomarkers
Authors: Zech Michael , Rass Simon , Buggle Björn , Löscher Manfred , Zöller Ludwig 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis study contributes to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the loess–paleosol sequence of Nussloch, Germany, by usingn-alkanes as plant leaf-wax-derived lipid biomarkers. We found thatn-alkane patterns and concentrations in the Saalian loess and the last interglacial Eemian paleosol of Nussloch point to very strong degradation and prevailing deciduous vegetation. Degradation effects in the overlying paleosols and loess layers are less pronounced and allow for the application of an end-member mixing model to estimate vegetation changes semi-quantitatively. Our findings highlight the potential for the interpretation of degradation-correctedn-alkane ratios.n-Alkane modelling results for loess layers, paleosols and an in-filled paleochannel dated to ~ 60–32 ka suggest that up to ~ 50% of then-alkanes were derived from deciduous trees or shrubs. This finding is in agreement with the abundant occurrence of wood fragments and indicates a highly variable and dynamic landscape dominated by tundra shrubland. On the other hand, deciduous trees or shrubs did not contribute significantly to the soil organic matter in the late Weichselian loess layers and the intercalated Gelic Gleysols (~ 32–18 ka).
Sexual
Modernity in the Works of Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Albert Moll
Authors: Oosterhuis Harry 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe modern notion of sexuality took shape at the end of the nineteenth century, especially in the works of Richard von Krafft-Ebing and Albert Moll. This modernisation of sexuality was closely linked to the recognition of sexual diversity, as it was articulated in the medical–psychiatric understanding of what, at that time, was labelled as perversion. From around 1870, psychiatrists shifted the focus from immoral acts, a temporary deviation of the norm, to an innate morbid condition. In the late nineteenth century, several psychiatrists, collecting and publishing more and more case histories, classified and explained the wide range of deviant sexual behaviours they traced. The emergence of medical sexology meant that perversions could be diagnosed and discussed. Against this background both Krafft-Ebing and Moll articulated a new perspective, not only on perversion, but also on sexuality in general. Krafft-Ebing initiated and Moll elaborated a shift from a psychiatric perspective in which deviant sexuality was explained as a derived, episodic and more or less singular symptom of a more fundamental mental disorder, to a consideration of perversion as an integral part of a more general, autonomous and continuous sexual instinct. Before Sigmund Freud and others had expressed similar views, it was primarily through the writings of Krafft-Ebing and Moll that a new understanding of human sexuality emerged.
Loss of Innocence: Albert Moll, Sigmund Freud and the Invention of Childhood Sexuality Around 1900
Authors: Sauerteig Lutz D.H. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper analyses how, prior to the work of Sigmund Freud, an understanding of infant and childhood sexuality emerged during the nineteenth century. Key contributors to the debate were Albert Moll, Max Dessoir and others, asfin-de-siècleartists and writers celebrated a sexualised image of the child. By the beginning of the twentieth century, most paediatricians, sexologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts and pedagogues agreed that sexuality formed part of a child’s ‘normal’ development. This paper argues that the main disagreements in discourses about childhood sexuality related to different interpretations of children’s sexual experiences. On the one hand stood an explanation that argued for a homology between children’s and adults’ sexual experiences, on the other hand was an understanding that suggested that adults and children had distinct and different experiences. Whereas the homological interpretation was favoured by the majority of commentators, including Moll, Freud, and to some extent also by C.G. Jung, the heterological interpretation was supported by a minority, including childhood psychologist Charlotte Bühler.
The Sexologist Albert Moll – between Sigmund Freud and Magnus Hirschfeld
Authors: Sigusch Volkmar 
Published: June 2012

AbstractAlbert Moll was one of the most influential sexologists during the first three decades of the twentieth century. In contrast to his rivals Sigmund Freud and Magnus Hirschfeld, his achievements have not yet been recognised adequately. The author gives a comparative account of the work of these three protagonists. This shows that Moll formed some ideas which are regarded as psychoanalytical today before Freud, and that he, in contrast to Hirschfeld, was able to reflect critically on contemporary discourses, such as the debates on racial improvement through eugenics. As scientific theories, Freud’s psychoanalysis represented the unconscious, fantasy, experience and latency, while Moll’s sexology represented consciousness, ontological reality, behaviour and manifestation. Moll’s major disagreement with Hirschfeld’s sexology was his advocacy of apolitical and impartial science, whereas Hirschfeld’s aim was to achieve sexual reforms politically. Added to these differences were strong personal animosities. Freud called Moll a ‘beast’ and ‘pettifogger’; and Moll complained about Hirschfeld’s ‘problematic’ character. When Hirschfeld escaped the Nazi terror and went to Paris, Moll denounced him in order to prevent him rebuilding a new existence in exile.
Sexual Science and Sexual Forensics in 1920s Germany: Albert Moll as (S)Expert
Authors: Conn Matthew 
Published: June 2012

AbstractUsing court records involving the expert testimony of the Berlin sexologist Albert Moll, my article demonstrates that during the early 1920s a shift in the ‘epistemologies of justice’ concerning the adjudication of sex crimes took place within German courtrooms. Namely, presiding judges considered a greater number of sexual acts as punishable, despite no change in the laws themselves. Central to my argument is the role of expert testimony in practice and its critical reception. By focusing upon the rhetorical strategies presented by attorneys, judges and expert witnesses (as well as defendants themselves and their relatives), it illustrates the functions of expert and tacit knowledge in court, which were often not mutually exclusive. Moll’s stature also enabled him to translate his scientific–medical expertise into state support for his testimonies, as well as the rebuilding of an international community of sexological authorities. It was only under Moll’s leadership that the First International Sexology Congress could take place in 1926, an event that marked the apex of his prestige.
‘God’s Ethicist’: Albert Moll and His Medical Ethics in Theory and Practice
Authors: Maehle Andreas-Holger 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn 1902, Albert Moll, who at that time ran a private practice for nervous diseases in Berlin, published his comprehensive book on medical ethics,Ärztliche Ethik. Based on the concept of a contractual relationship between doctor and client, it gave more room to the self-determination of patients than the contemporary, usually rather paternalistic, works of this genre. In the first part of the present paper this is illustrated by examining Moll’s views and advice on matters such as truthfulness towards patients, euthanasia, and abortion. The second part of this article discusses how Moll engaged with the then publicly debated issues of experimentation on hospital patients and the ‘trade’ of foreign private patients between agents and medical consultants. In both matters Moll collected evidence of unethical practices and tried to use it to bring about change without damaging his or the profession’s reputation. However, with his tactical manoeuvres, Moll made no friends for himself among his colleagues or the authorities; his book on ethics also met with a generally cool response from the medical profession and seems to have been more appreciated by lawyers than by other doctors.
‘Trick’, ‘Manipulation’ and ‘Farce’: Albert Moll’s Critique of Occultism
Authors: Wolffram Heather 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn July 1925, the psychiatrist Albert Moll appeared before the district court in Berlin-Schöneberg charged with having defamed the medium Maria Vollhardt (alias Rudloff) in his 1924 bookDer Spiritismus[Spiritism]. Supported by some of Berlin’s most prominent occultists, the plaintiff – the medium’s husband – argued that Moll’s use of terms such as ‘trick’, ‘manipulation’ and ‘farce’ in reference to Vollhardt’s phenomena had been libellous. In the three-part trial that followed, however, Moll’s putative affront to the medium – of which he was eventually acquitted – was overshadowed, on the one hand, by a debate over the scientific status of parapsychology, and on the other, by the question of who – parapsychologists, occultists, psychiatrists or jurists – was entitled to claim epistemic authority over the occult. This paper will use the Rudloff–Moll trial as a means of examining Moll’s critique of occultism, not only as it stood in the mid-1920s, but also as it had developed since the 1880s. It will also provide insight into the views of Germany’s occultists and parapsychologists, who argued that their legitimate bid for scientific credibility was hindered byDunkelmänner[obscurantists] such as Albert Moll.
The first Furongian (late Cambrian) echinoderm from the British Isles
Authors: ZAMORA SAMUEL 
Published: June 2012

AbstractFurongian (late Cambrian) echinoderms are extremely rare in the fossil record and only two previous reports have been described from the Paibian Stage worldwide. Here, the third occurrence of an echinoderm from the Paibian, and the first ever reported in the Furongian of Britain is presented. It is a primitive pelmatozoan which shows intermediate characteristics between eocrinoids with columnal-bearing stems and primitive glyptocystitid rhombiferans. The palaeobiogeographic affinities of Cambrian echinoderm faunas from Britain, eastern Avalonia, are shown to be with Gondwana.
Characterization of hydrophobic-ligand-binding proteins of Taenia solium that are expressed specifically in the adult stage
Authors: RAHMAN M. , LEE E.-G. , KIM S.-H. , BAE Y.-A. , WANG H. , YANG Y. , KONG Y. 
Published: June 2012

SUMMARYTaenia solium, a causative agent of taeniasis and cysticercosis, has evolved a repertoire of lipid uptake mechanisms. Proteome analysis of T. solium excretory-secretory products (TsESP) identified 10 kDa proteins displaying significant sequence identity with cestode hydrophobic-ligand-binding-proteins (HLBPs). Two distinct 362- and 352-bp-long cDNAs encoding 264- and 258-bp-long open reading frames (87 and 85 amino acid polypeptides) were isolated by mining the T. solium expressed sequence tags and a cDNA library screening (TsHLBP1 and TsHLBP2; 94% sequence identity). They clustered into the same clade with those found in Moniezia expansa and Hymenolepis diminuta. Genomic structure analysis revealed that these genes might have originated from a common ancestor. Both the crude TsESP and bacterially expressed recombinant proteins exhibited binding activity toward 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (1,8-ANS), which was competitively inhibited by oleic acid. The proteins also bound to cis-parinaric acid (cPnA) and 16-(9-anthroyloxy) palmitic acid (16-AP), but showed no binding activity against 11-[(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) amino] undecanoic acid (DAUDA) and dansyl-DL-α-aminocaprylic acid (DACA). Unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) showed greater affinity than saturated FAs. The proteins were specifically expressed in adult worms throughout the strobila. The TsHLBPs might be involved in uptake and/or sequestration of hydrophobic molecules provided by their hosts, thus contributing to host-parasite interface interrelationships.