bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Sham Acupuncture Procedure in a Randomised, Controlled Clinical Trial of Chronic Pelvic Pain Treatment
Authors: Lee Shaun Wen Huey , Liong Men Long , Yuen Kah Hay , Leong Wing Seng , Khan Nurzalina Karim , Krieger John N 
Published: January 2011

Background Acupuncture is an attractive treatment option for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) that has proved refractory to conventional medical treatments. Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine the benefit of acupuncture because few studies have employed controls or had physiological outcome measures. Objective To determine the feasibility of a sham, or minimally invasive, acupuncture as a control for studies evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture treatment for chronic pelvic pain. Methods Participants were recruited from a double-blind randomised trial comparing acupuncture with a sham procedure for patients with CP/CPPS. Acupuncture or sham procedures were performed over a 10-week period. Sham acupuncture involved placement of short needles at sites 0.5 cm away from true acupuncture points (CV1, CV4, SP6 and SP9). Participants were asked to determine their procedure allocation at the end of treatment. A total of 35participants also agreed to have blood analyses for cortisol, β-endorphin and leucine-enkephalin. Results Thirty-five (78%) of the 45 participants randomised to the sham treatment thought they had received acupuncture compared with 27 (61%) of the 44 participants randomised to acupuncture (p=0.11). Biochemical data showed no differences between the groups immediately after treatment. Thirty-two (73%) of 44 acupuncture participants met the predefined clinical response criterion compared with 21 (47%) of 45 sham acupuncture participants (p=0.017, relative risk 1.81, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.1). At the end of the study, β-endorphin and leucine-enkephalin levels were both higher in the acupuncture group (p<0.01). Conclusions Minimally penetrating acupuncture was found to be a valid sham control and may prove useful for evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture for other conditions. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00260637)
Low Inter-Rater Reliability in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Female Infertility
Authors: Birkeflet Oddveig , Laake Petter , Vøllestad Nina 
Published: January 2011

Background Treatment of patients according to individual pattern diagnoses is an important feature of acupuncture rooted in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Little is known about the reliability of TCM pattern diagnoses. Objective To examine in a cross-sectional study the inter-rater reliability of TCM diagnoses and acupuncture point selection. Methods 30 infertile and 24 previously pregnant women were examined for TCM patterns by two acupuncturists. An operational interview guide related to gynaecology was used. The acupuncturists independently decided on the TCM patterns (categorised as excess, deficiency and merged patterns) and the prescription of acupuncture points. Kappa Statistics were used in the analyses. Results 39 different TCM patterns and 36 different acupuncture points were used. For the choice of acupuncture points, poor to no agreement was found. Moderate to fair agreement was seen in excess/deficiency and merged patterns. Perfect match to moderate agreement on treatment was obtained when choosing meridians given certain TCM patterns. Conclusions The low agreement on diagnoses indicates that acupuncturists follow individual pattern differentiation processes. The selection of acupuncture points seem to be closely related to the choice of TCM pattern diagnoses. The results indicate that the poor reliability in the diagnoses and thus treatment received by a patient will vary individually, which in turn is a challenge for clinical trials of acupuncture.
Atomic parity violation in a single trapped radium ionThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010.
Authors: Versolato O. O. , Wansbeek L. W. , Giri G. S. , van den Berg J. E. , van der Hoek D. J. , Jungmann K. , Kruithof W. L. , Onderwater C. J.G. , Sahoo B. K. , Santra B. , Shidling P. D. , Timmermans R. G.E. , Willmann L. , Wilschut H. W. 
Published: January 2011

Atomic parity violation (APV) experiments are sensitive probes of the electroweak interaction at low energy. These experiments are competitive with and complementary to high-energy collider experiments. The APV signal is strongly enhanced in heavy atoms, and it is measurable by exciting suppressed (M1, E2) transitions. The predicted enhancement factor of the APV effect in the S-D transition in Ra+ is about 50 times larger than the S-S transition in neutral Cs. However, certain spectroscopic information on Ra+, needed to constrain the required atomic many-body theory, was lacking. Using the AGOR cyclotron and the TRIμP facility at KVI in Groningen, short-lived 212–214Ra+ ions were produced and trapped. First ever excited-state laser spectroscopy was performed on the trapped ions. These measurements provide a benchmark for the atomic theory required to extract the electroweak mixing angle to sub 1% accuracy and are an important step towards an APV experiment in a single trapped Ra+ ion. A lower bound on the radiative lifetime of the 62D5/2 state was found of 232(4) ms. This experimental confirmation of the long coherence time of the meta-stable 62D5/2 state is important in light of the possibility of using a single trapped radium ion as an optical frequency standard.
Continuous Lyman-alpha generation by four-wave mixing in mercury for laser cooling of antihydrogenThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010.
Authors: Kolbe D. , Beczkowiak A. , Diehl T. , Koglbauer A. , Müllers A. , Scheid M. , Stappel M. , Steinborn R. , Walz J. 
Published: January 2011

Cooling antihydrogen atoms is important for future experiments both to test the fundamental CPT symmetry by high resolution laser spectroscopy and also to measure the gravitational acceleration of antimatter. Laser cooling of antihydrogen can be done on the strong 1S–2P transition at the wavelength of Lyman-alpha (121.6 nm). A continuous wave laser at the Lyman-alpha wavelength based on solid-state fundamental lasers is described. By using a two-photon and a near one-photon resonance a scan across the whole phase matching curve of the four-wave mixing process is possible. Furthermore the influence of the beam profile of one fundamental beam on the four-wave mixing process is studied.
The Lamb shift in muonic hydrogenThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010.
Authors: Pohl Randolf , Antognini Aldo , Nez François , Amaro Fernando D. , Biraben François , Cardoso João M.R. , Covita Daniel S. , Dax Andreas , Dhawan Satish , Fernandes Luis M.P. , Giesen Adolf , Graf Thomas , Hänsch Theodor W. , Indelicato Paul , Julien Lucile , Kao Cheng-Yang , Knowles Paul , Le Bigot Eric-Olivier , Liu Yi-Wei , Lopes José A.M. , Ludhova Livia , Monteiro Cristina M.B. , Mulhauser Françoise , Nebel Tobias , Rabinowitz Paul , dos Santos Joaquim M.F. , Schaller Lukas A. , Schuhmann Karsten , Schwob Catherine , Taqqu David , Veloso João F.C.A. , Kottmann Franz 
Published: January 2011

The long quest for a measurement of the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen is over. Last year we measured the 2S 1/2F=1 –2P 3/2F=2 energy splitting (Pohl et al., Nature, 466, 213 (2010)) in μp with an experimental accuracy of 15 ppm, twice better than our proposed goal. Using current QED calculations of the fine, hyperfine, QED, and finite size contributions, we obtain a root-mean-square proton charge radius of rp = 0.841 84 (67) fm. This value is 10 times more precise, but 5 standard deviations smaller, than the 2006 CODATA value of rp. The origin of this discrepancy is not known. Our measurement, together with precise measurements of the 1S–2S transition in regular hydrogen and deuterium, gives improved values of the Rydberg constant, R∞ = 10 973 731.568 160 (16) m–1 and the rms charge radius of the deuteron rd = 2.128 09 (31) fm.
Illuminating the proton radius conundrum: the μHe+ Lamb shiftThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010.
Authors: Antognini A. , Biraben F. , Cardoso J. M.R. , Covita D. S. , Dax A. , Fernandes L. M.P. , Gouvea A. L. , Graf T. , Hänsch T. W. , Hildebrandt M. , Indelicato P. , Julien L. , Kirch K. , Kottmann F. , Liu Y.-W. , Monteiro C. M.B. , Mulhauser F. , Nebel T. , Nez F. , dos Santos J. M.F. , Schuhmann K. , Taqqu D. , Veloso J. F.C.A. , Voss A. , Pohl R. 
Published: January 2011

We plan to measure several 2S–2P transition frequencies in μ4He+ and μ3He+ by means of laser spectroscopy with an accuracy of 50 ppm. This will lead to a determination of the corresponding nuclear rms charge radii with a relative accuracy of 3 × 10−4, limited by the uncertainty of the nuclear polarization contribution. First, these measurements will help to solve the proton radius puzzle. Second, these very precise nuclear radii are benchmarks for ab initio few-nucleon theories and potentials. Finally when combined with an ongoing measurement of the 1S–2S transition in He+, these measurements will lead to an enhanced bound-state QED test of the 1S Lamb shift in He+.
Strong Convergence Theorem for a New General System of Variational Inequalities in Banach Spaces
Authors: Imnang S , Suantai S 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe introduce a new system of general variational inequalities in Banach spaces. The equivalence between this system of variational inequalities and fixed point problems concerning the nonexpansive mapping is established. By using this equivalent formulation, we introduce an iterative scheme for finding a solution of the system of variational inequalities in Banach spaces. Our main result extends a recent result acheived by Yao, Noor, Noor, Liou, and Yaqoob.
Targeted Signal-Amplifying Enzymes Enhance MRI of EGFR Expression in an Orthotopic Model of Human Glioma
Authors: Shazeeb Mohammed S. , Sotak Christopher H. , DeLeo Michael , Bogdanov Alexei 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) imaging in brain tumors is essential to visualize overexpression of EGFRvIII variants as a signature of highly aggressive gliomas and to identify patients that would benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. Seeking imaging improvements, we tested a novel pretargeting approach that relies on initial administration of enzyme-linked anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAb; EMD72000) followed by administration of a low-molecular-weight paramagnetic molecule (diTyr-GdDTPA) retained at the site of EGFR mAb accumulation. We hypothesized that diTyr-GdDTPA would become enzyme activated and retained on cells due to binding to tissue proteins. In support of this hypothesis, mAb-enzyme conjugates reacted with both membrane-isolated wild-type (wt) EGFR and EGFRvIII, but they bound primarily to EGFRvIII-expressing cells and not to EGFRwt-expressing cells. In vivo analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) tumor signal revealed differences in MR signal decay following diTyr-GdDTPA substrate administration. These differences were significant in that they suggested differences in substrate elimination from the tissue which relied on the specificity of the initial mAb binding: a biexponential signal decay was observed in tumors only upon preinjection with EGFR-targeted conjugates. Endpoint MRI in this setting revealed detailed images of tumors which correlated with immunohistochemical detection of EGFR expression. Together, our findings suggest an improved method to identify EGFRvIII-expressing gliomas in vivo that are best suited for treatment with therapeutic EGFR antibodies. Cancer Res; 71(6); 2230–9. ©2011 AACR.
LATS2 Is a Tumor Suppressor Gene of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Murakami Hideki , Mizuno Tetsuya , Taniguchi Tetsuo , Fujii Makiko , Ishiguro Futoshi , Fukui Takayuki , Akatsuka Shinya , Horio Yoshitsugu , Hida Toyoaki , Kondo Yutaka , Toyokuni Shinya , Osada Hirotaka , Sekido Yoshitaka 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive neoplasm associated with asbestos exposure. We carried out genome-wide array-based comparative genomic hybridization analysis with 14 MM cell lines. Three cell lines showed overlapping homozygous deletion at chromosome 13q12, which harbored the LATS2 (large tumor suppressor homolog 2) gene. With 6 other MM cell lines and 25 MM tumors, we found 10 inactivating homozygous deletions or mutations of LATS2 among 45 MMs. LATS2 encodes a serine/threonine kinase, a component of the Hippo tumor-suppressive signaling pathway, and we transduced LATS2 in MM cells with its mutation. Transduction of LATS2 inactivated oncoprotein YAP, a transcriptional coactivator, via phosphorylation, and inhibited MM cell growth. We also analyzed LATS2 immunohistochemically and found that 13 of 45 MM tumors had low expression of LATS2. Because NF2 is genetically mutated in 40% to 50% of MM, our data indicate that Hippo pathway dysregulation is frequent in MM cells with inactivation of LATS2 or an upstream regulator of this pathway, Merlin, which is encoded by NF2. Thus, our results suggest that the inactivation of LATS2 is one of the key mechanisms for constitutive activation of YAP, which induces deregulation of MM cell proliferation. Cancer Res; 71(3); 873–83. ©2011 AACR.
Functional Activation of the Estrogen Receptor-α and Aromatase by the HDAC Inhibitor Entinostat Sensitizes ER-Negative Tumors to Letrozole
Authors: Sabnis Gauri J. , Goloubeva Olga , Chumsri Saranya , Nguyen Nguyen , Sukumar Saraswati , Brodie Angela M.H. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Approximately 25% of breast cancers do not express the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and consequently do not respond to endocrine therapy. In these tumors, ERα repression is often due to epigenetic modifications such as methylation and histone deacetylation. For this reason, we investigated the ability of the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat (ENT) to trigger reexpression of ERα and aromatase in breast cancer cells, with the notion that this treatment would restore sensitivity to the aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole. ENT treatment of tumor cells increased expression of ERα and aromatase, along with the enzymatic activity of aromatase, in a dose-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, ERα and aromatase upregulation resulted in sensitization of breast cancer cells to estrogen and letrozole. Tumor growth rate was significantly lower in tumor xenografts following treatment with ENT alone and in combination with letrozole than in control tumors (P &gt; 0.001). ENT plus letrozole also prevented lung colonization and growth of tumor cells, with a significant reduction (P &gt; 0.03) in both visible and microscopic foci. Our results show that ENT treatment can be used to restore the letrozole responsiveness of ER-negative tumors. More generally, they provide a strong rationale for immediate clinical evaluation of combinations of histone deacetylase and aromatase inhibitors to treat ER-negative and endocrine-resistant breast cancers. Cancer Res; 71(5); 1893–903. ©2011 AACR.
Acts and the Fragmentary Hellenistic Jewish Authors
Authors: Holladay Carl R. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis article reviews scholarship on the fragmentary Hellenistic Jewish authors as it relates to The Acts of the Apostles. Reviewed here are Jewish texts written in Greek during the Hellenistic-Roman period that were preserved only in the form of quotations or excerpts mostly by later Christian writers, most notably Eusebius of Caesarea in his Praeparatio Evangelica. The focus of the review is to see how these texts have been investigated, especially in Second Temple Judaism and in studies of Jewish historiography during the Graeco-Roman period, and how this scholarship informs the study of Acts.
Moral Disengagement and Support for Nonhuman Animal Farming
Authors: Mitchell Les 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNonhuman animal farming, by its fundamental nature, involves a greater or lesser degree of ill treatment and oppression. Definitions of abuse or cruelty in relation to nonhumans, however, are inconsistent and ambiguous. People support nonhuman farming by purchasing its products, but the majority of people do not themselves mistreat nonhumans. How can this incongruity be explained? Any account is likely to be complex, but work in experimental psychology has identified a number of conditions that can contribute toward individuals becoming morally disengaged from abusive acts. This paper shows that a number of these conditions are embedded in the nonhuman animal farming industry, thus providing some insight into why consumers may be disconnected from the mass abuse carried out by an industry they support. Recognizing this process can help advocates for nonhumans take steps to counter this disengagement and so allow consumers to examine their ethical choices more clearly.
Philosophical Ethology: On the Extents of What It Is to Be a Pig
Authors: Harfeld Jes 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAnswers to the question, “What is a farm animal?” often revolve around genetics, physical attributes, and the animals’ functions in agricultural production. The essential and defining characteristics of farm animals transcend these limited models, however, and require an answer that avoids reductionism and encompasses a de-atomizing point of view. Such an answer should promote recognition of animals as beings with extensive mental and social capabilities that outline the extent of each individual animal’s existence and—at the same time—define the animals as parts of wholes that in themselves are more than the sum of their parts and have ethological as well as ethical relevance. To accomplish this, the concepts of both anthropomorphism and sociobiology will be examined, and the article will show how the possibility of understanding animals and their characteristics deeply affects both ethology and philosophy; that is, it has an important influence on our descriptive knowledge of animals, the concept of what animal welfare is and can be, and any normative ethics that follow such knowledge.
Godliness, Self-Sufficiency, Greed, and the Enjoyment of Wealth 1 Timothy 6:3-19 Part II
Authors: Malherbe Abraham J. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn 1 Tim 5, the author turns to the church’s financial support of some of its members, and in chap. 6 discusses individual attitudes toward money and its use. The article concentrates on chap. 6, especially vv. 17-19, and argues that, while philosophical sources are of prime importance in describing the moral teaching inculcated, popular morality, represented by clichés, proverbs, gnomai, drama, satire and inscriptions, makes possible a thicker description of the moral ecology of the Pastoral Epistles. What emerges is a variety of sometimes similar teaching relating to wealth. The diversity of viewpoint on the same topics relating to wealth suggests that it is more realistic to see 1 Tim 6:17-19 as one among other viewpoints rather than as derived from one or another of them. What is striking is the prominence given to enjoyment in the proper use of wealth.
North Atlantic Tropical Storm Frequency Response to Anthropogenic Forcing: Projections and Sources of Uncertainty
Authors: Villarini Gabriele , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Knutson Thomas R. , Zhao Ming , Smith James A. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The impact of future anthropogenic forcing on the frequency of tropical storms in the North Atlantic basin has been the subject of intensive investigation. However, whether the number of North Atlantic tropical storms will increase or decrease in a warmer climate is still heavily debated and a consensus has yet to be reached. To shed light on this issue, the authors use a recently developed statistical model, in which the frequency of North Atlantic tropical storms is modeled by a conditional Poisson distribution with rate of occurrence parameter that is a function of tropical Atlantic and mean tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs). It is shown how the disagreement among dynamical modeling projections of late-twenty-first-century tropical storm frequency can be largely explained by differences in large-scale SST patterns from the different climate model projections used in these studies. The results do not support the notion of large (~200%) increases in tropical storm frequency in the North Atlantic basin over the twenty-first century in response to increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs). Because the statistical model is computationally inexpensive, it is used to examine the impact of different climate models and climate change scenarios on the frequency of North Atlantic tropical storms. The authors estimate that the dominant drivers of uncertainty in projections of tropical storm frequency over the twenty-first century are internal climate variations and systematic intermodel differences in the response of SST patterns to increasing GHGs. Relative to them, uncertainties in total GHG emissions or other climate forcings, within the scenarios explored here, represent a minor source of uncertainty in tropical storm frequency projections. These results suggest that reducing uncertainty in future projections of North Atlantic tropical storm frequency may depend as critically on reducing the uncertainty in the sensitivity of tropical Atlantic warming relative to the tropical mean, in response to GHG increase, as on improving dynamical or statistical downscaling techniques. Moreover, the large uncertainties on century-scale trends that are due to internal climate variability are likely to remain irreducible for the foreseeable future.
As a further illustration of the statistical model’s utility, the authors model projected changes in U.S. landfalling tropical storm activity under a variety of different climate change scenarios and climate models. These results are similar to those for the overall number of North Atlantic tropical storms, and do not point to a large increase in U.S. landfalling tropical storms over the twenty-first century in response to increasing GHGs.
β2-glycoprotein-1 autoantibodies from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome are sufficient to potentiate arterial thrombus formation in a mouse model
Authors: Arad Ariela , Proulle Valerie , Furie Richard A. , Furie Barbara C. , Furie Bruce 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by thrombosis, recurrent fetal loss, and the presence of the lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, or anti–β2-glycoprotein-1 (anti–β2-GP1) antibodies. Although anti–β2-GP1 antibodies have been documented as a biomarker for diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome, their direct role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis is unknown. We have demonstrated using intravital microscopy that anti–β2-GP1 autoantibodies purified from the sera of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome complicated by thrombosis greatly amplify thrombus size after laser-induced vessel wall injury in live mice. Anti–β2-GP1 autoantibodies from 3 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome were affinity-purified using human β2-GP1 bound to agarose. The effects of purified anti–β2-GP1 IgG autoantibodies, of anti–β2-GP1–depleted IgG, and of IgG from normal human sera on thrombus formation were measured in mice after arterial injury in the cremaster muscle. Before injury, purified anti–β2-GP1 IgG autoantibodies, anti–β2-GP1 antibody–depleted IgG, or IgG from normal human sera were infused. Increasing amounts of purified anti–β2-GP1 autoantibodies increased thrombus size in a dose-dependent manner, whereas neither anti–β2-GP1 antibody-depleted IgG nor IgG from normal serum affected thrombus size. These results indicate that anti–β2-GP1 IgG autoantibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome patient sera are not only a marker of antiphospholipid syndrome but are directly involved in the pathogenesis of thrombosis.