bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exogenously administered bombesin and gastrin releasing peptide contract the female rat urethra in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Radziszewski Piotr , Crayton Robert , Persson Katarina , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Mattiasson Anders 
Published: June 2011

AbstractBackgroundBombesin (BOM) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) have been located to the lower urinary tract. However, there is a paucity of data demonstrating the impact of these neuropeptides.ObjectivesThe present study investigates the impact of BOM and GRP in the female Sprague–Dawley rats 225 g b.w. n = 37 urethras in vitro and in vivo. Intraurethral pressure was recorded by a catheter placed at the maximum pressure zone corresponding to the intrinsic urethral spincter.MeasurementsIn vitro, the intraurethral pressure was measured in response to the administration of BOM and GRP and noradrenaline from perfused intact urethral/bladder preparations. In vivo, changes in intraurethral pressure were conducted in anesthetized subjects and compared with the basal intraurethral pressure and sham controls.ResultsIn vitro, the increase in intraurethral pressure induced by BOM was 23.6 ± 3.2 cmH2O, exceeding the pressure evoked with NA by 10.7 cmH2O whereas GRP induced 10.7 ± 1.6 cmH2O, an increase of 3.3 cmH2O but less than the NA evoked intraurethral pressure by 2.2 cmH2O. Incubation with scopolamine (1 µM), phentolamine (1 µM), pancuronium (1 µM), and indomethacin (1 µM) did not produce any significant difference in the contractile responses to BOM or GRP. In vivo, the mean basal pressure was 22.9 ± 1.4 cmH2O. The intraurethral pressure evoked by BOM was 29.7 cmH2O (21.3 ± 1.3 to 51.0 ± 1.6 cmH2O), and for GRP, the evoked intraurethral pressure was 33.8 cmH2O (22.3 ± 1.9 to 56.2 ± 30 cmH2O).ConclusionsBOM and GRP may contribute to the control of continence by their contractile action on the sphincters of the lower urinary tract outflow region. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1681–1685, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consecutive vesicovaginal fistula for transobturator sling perforations and successful repairs with skin flap
Authors: Bajory Zoltan , Fekete Zoltan , Kiraly Istvan , Szalay Istvan , Pajor Laszlo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAimTo report a reconstructive technique of large vesicovaginal fistula repairs, which is a rare complication of the most modern anti‐incontinence procedures (tension‐free tapes) using the “oldie but goodie” Lehoczky's island flap.MethodsWomen with large vesicovaginal fistulas caused by mid‐urethral transobturator tape were operated in our department. The transobturator tape was removed and the large fistula was closed using the skin island flap. The flap was created from the regional skin and subcutaneous tissue and pulled with intact vascular supply through a paravaginal tunnel to the site of the vaginal defect.ResultsNo complications occurred after the reconstructions. The patients have become permanently continent and free from fistulas.ConclusionsMid‐urethral transobturator sling is a successful procedure evidenced worldwide with a very low rate of fistula formation. Lehoczky's island flap can be a reasonable and safe surgical option in the repair of large defects of the vaginal wall. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1530–1532, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electrical stimulation for lower urinary tract dysfunction in children: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Barroso Ubirajara , Tourinho Rafael , Lordêlo Patrícia , Hoebeke Piet , Chase Janet 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAimsTo review studies using electrical neural stimulation (ENS), to treat children with non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD), and to establish the efficacy of this treatment.MethodsThis review was based on an electronic search of the MEDLINE database and the Cochrane Central Search library, from January 1990 to March 2010. Inclusion criteria: (1) participants aged 0–17 years, (2) participants with a diagnosis of LUTD not related to congenital abnormalities or neurological disease, (3) English language, and (4) treatment by ENS.ResultsSeventeen papers were evaluated. Type of ENS varied among studies: sacral transcutaneous ENS in seven, sacral implanted device in four, posterior tibial percutaneous in three, and anogenital, endoanal, and intravesical in one each. There were two randomized clinical trials. Clarity regarding the LUTD being treated was variable. The populations studied were not homogeneous. The duration of treatment and the number of sessions a week were variable among the studies. Electrical parameters used also varied. A range of subjective and objective measures was used to measure treatment success. Rates of complete resolution of the symptoms of OAB, urgency, and daytime incontinence ranged from 31% to 86% [Trsinar and Kraij, Neurourol Urodyn 15: 133–42, 1996; Hagstroem et al., J Urol 182: 2072–8, 2009], 25% to 84% [Hoebeke et al., J Urol 168: 2605–8, 2002; Lordêlo et al., J Urol 182: 2900–4, 2009], 13% to 84% [Malm‐Buatsi et al., Urology 70: 980–3, 2007; Lordêlo et al., J Urol 184: 683–9, 2010], respectively. For sacral transcutaneous ENS recurrence ranged from 10% to 25%. Apart from the sacral implantation studies, any reported side effects were mild and transitory.ConclusionsThe literature in the area of interest is sparse. Parasacral TENS has been shown to be more effective than sham in randomized trials in treating OAB. This deserves further research to elucidate the optimal parameters and the children for whom it is most useful. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1429–1436, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of repeated detrusor onabotulinumtoxina injections on bladder and renal function in patients with chronic spinal cord injuries
Authors: Kuo Hann‐Chorng , Liu Shu‐Hsin 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAimsTo investigate the therapeutic effects of repeated detrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections on urinary incontinence and renal function in patients with chronic spinal cord injuries (SCI). MethodsPatients with suprasacral SCI were enrolled. OnabotulinumtoxinA 200 U detrusor injections were repeated every 6 months for four times. Patients were instructed to perform clean intermittent catheterization during the treatment and follow‐up periods. Videourodynamic study and 99mTc‐DTPA renal scanning for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were performed at screening and every 3 months to assess the therapeutic effects on bladder and renal function. Quality of life was measured by the UDI‐6, IIQ‐7, and self‐assessed QoL indices. Adverse events were also recorded. ResultsA total of 33 patients completed the study, 30 had improvement in incontinence grade (n = 18) or became completely dry (n = 12) after initial and subsequent onabotulinumtoxinA injections. Mean bladder capacity increased from 207 ± 111 to 412 ± 33 ml and mean detrusor pressure decreased from 39.8 ± 21.7 to 20.6 ± 19.1 cmH2O (all P < 0.05). However, the mean GFR decreased from 93.4 ± 20.4 to 83.5 ± 24 ml/min (P = 0.028). A significant reduction in GFR was noted in patients with bladder compliance that increased by <10 cmH2O (P = 0.002) and in patients with Pdet decreased by <10 cmH2O after treatment (P = 0.036). All 30 patients with improvement in incontinence grade satisfied with treatment result.ConclusionThis pilot study revealed that repeated detrusor injections of 200 U onabotulinumtoxinA could reduce incontinence grade, increase bladder capacity, and decrease intravesical pressure but this study did not demonstrate an improvement in GFR over a 24‐month period in patients with chronic SCI. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1541–1545, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for autonomic nervous system dysfunction in females with idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Hubeaux Katelyne , Deffieux Xavier , Raibaut Patrick , Le Breton Frédérique , Jousse Marylène , Amarenco Gérard 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAimsMicturition and continence are largely under the control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In this study, we analyzed ANS function using autonomic cardiovascular (CV) testing in females with idiopathic overactive bladder syndrome (iOAB) versus control females. Our hypothesis was that ANS dysfunction could comprise part of the pathophysiology of iOAB.MethodsTwenty‐three females with iOAB and 29 controls were enrolled into this prospective study. Patients performed CV autonomic testing, including two sympathetic tests (hand grip exercise and cold pressor test), two parasympathetic tests (deep breathing and 30:15 ratio), and two mixed tests (Valsalva manoeuvre and blood pressure [BP] response to standing). Patients with iOAB also underwent conventional urodynamic studies in order to define iOAB as either with or without demonstrable detrusor overactivity (DO).ResultsBoth groups were similar with respect to age and menopausal status. Females with iOAB had significantly more positive tests than controls (P < 0.0001), particularly for sympathetic tests (P < 0.0001). Among the iOAB group, the sympathetic tests (P = 0.03) were significantly more often positive in patients without DO (based on cystometry) compared to patients with DO, with the results being particularly significant for the cold pressor test (P = 0.02). No differences were found among iOAB sufferers with respect to a past history of enuresis.ConclusionsThese results suggest ANS dysfunction, predominantly a sympathetic ANS dysfunction, is associated with iOAB, specifically in patients with iOAB without DO. Neurourol. Urodynam. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30: 1467–1472, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational homogenization for multiscale crack modeling. Implementational and computational aspects
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Phu , Lloberas‐Valls Oriol , Stroeven Martijn , Sluys Lambertus Johannes 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYA computational homogenization procedure for cohesive and adhesive crack modeling of materials with a heterogeneous microstructure has been recently presented in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering (2010, DOI:10.1016/j.cma.2010.10.013). The macroscopic material properties of the cohesive cracks are obtained from the inelastic deformation manifested in a localization band (modeled with a continuum damage theory) at the microscopic scale. The macroscopic behavior of the adhesive crack is derived from the response of a microscale sample representing the microstructure inside the adhesive crack. In this manuscript, we extend the theory presented in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering (2010, DOI:10.1016/j.cma.2010.10.013) with implementation details, solutions for cyclic loading, crack propagation, numerical analysis of the convergence characteristics of the multiscale method, and treatment of macroscopic snapback in a multiscale simulation. Numerical examples including crack growth simulations with extended finite elements are given to demonstrate the performance of the method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing child support debt and its consequences: Can forgiveness benefit all?
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn J. , Burkhardt Brett C. , Shager Hilary M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractAs child support debt owed nationally persists at enormous levels, both noncustodial parents and the custodial families who are not receiving support suffer significant hardships, and states are forced to expend greater resources on collection and enforcement efforts. This paper presents findings from an evaluation of a demonstration program developed to help noncustodial parents with large child support debts reduce their debt while simultaneously increasing child support paid to families, through gradual forgiveness of arrears conditional on payment of current child support obligations. The evaluation employs a randomized experimental design, nonexperimental analyses using propensity score matching and multilevel modeling techniques, and focus groups and follow‐up interviews. Results show a pattern of effects that suggests individuals responded to the program as intended. State‐ and family‐owed child support debt balances decreased for program participants, and participants paid more toward their child support obligations and arrears and made more frequent child support payments. The study findings suggest promise for the effectiveness of this program model in reducing child support debt burdens and in increasing families' receipt of child support, and they also point to ways in which the implementation of the program might be improved. © 2011 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
MiR‐17/106b seed family regulates p21 in Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Gibcus Johan H. , Kroesen Bart‐Jan , Koster Roelof , Halsema Nancy , de Jong Debora , de Jong Steven , Poppema Sibrand , Kluiver Joost , Diepstra Arjan , van den Berg Anke 
Published: June 2011

AbstractHodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a B cell‐derived lymphoma characterized by a minority of malignant Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells that have lost their normal B cell phenotype. Alterations in the cell cycle and apoptosis pathways might contribute to their resistance to apoptosis and sustained cell cycle progression. A key player in both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is CDKN1A, encoding p21$^{{\rm{waf/cip1}}}$ (p21). P21 is regulated by p53 and can function as a cell cycle inhibitor when in the nucleus or as an apoptosis inhibitor when localized in the cytoplasm. We observed expression of p53, p21 and p‐p21 in a variable number of HRS cells in 24 of 40 cases. Expression of miR‐17 and miR‐106a was detected in HRS cells of 10 HL cases. MiR‐17/106b seed family members, CDKN1A RNA and p21 protein levels were variable in HL cell lines. We showed effective targeting of the CDKN1A 3′ UTR by miR‐17/106b in HL cell lines in a luciferase reporter assay and up‐regulation of p21 protein levels upon anti‐miR‐17 treatment of KM‐H2 cells. Functional studies indicated a p21‐mediated G1 arrest after miR‐17/106b down‐regulation in KM‐H2, whereas no G1 arrest was observed for U‐HO1 and L428. This difference could not be explained by differences in the 3′ UTR, the cellular location of p21 or expression variation during cell cycle progression. A strong correlation was observed for the miR‐17/106b:CDKN1A ratio and the responsiveness to miR‐17 inhibition, ie a low ratio in KM‐H2 and an extremely high ratio in the two unresponsive HL cell lines. In conclusion, we show that miR‐17/106b regulates p21 protein levels in HL and that the effect of miR‐17/106b‐mediated inhibition depends on the miRNA : target gene ratio. Thus, in HL high miR‐17/106b expression contributes to a dysfunctional p53 pathway and thereby also to the malignant phenotype. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risks, trust and knowledge: determinants of pregnant women's decisions regarding participation in a future Q fever screening and treatment program during a large epidemic in The Netherlands
Authors: Breteler Janna Klein , Oudhoff Jurriaan P. , Munster Janna M. , Aarnoudse Jan G. , van Steenbergen Jim E. , Beaujean Desirée J. M. A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveContracting Q fever during pregnancy carries a risk of developing obstetric complications. The aim of this study was to gain insight into pregnant women's decisions regarding participation in a future Q fever screening and treatment program.MethodsPregnant women (N = 148) in Q fever high‐risk areas in The Netherlands were recruited via midwives' practices and via an online panel for a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey. The outcome measures included intention to participate in the program, Q fever exposure risk, perceived Q fever risk, trust in health professionals and authorities, disease‐related knowledge and additional outcome measures.ResultsFifty‐six percent of the respondents intended to participate in the screening and treatment program. The sole determinant of a higher intended program uptake was a more positive appraisal of program efficacy and convenience. This appraisal was in turn associated with perceived risk and knowledge.ConclusionWomen's appraisal of program efficacy and convenience, their disease‐related knowledge and perceived Q fever risk seem to be crucial for their intended program uptake. A successful implementation of a Q fever screening and treatment program may thus depend on the benefits and downsides of the program, and on securing that women are aware of the risks of the disease. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted ultrasound examination and DNA testing for Noonan syndrome, in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype
Authors: Bakker M. , Pajkrt E. , Mathijssen I. B. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo define sonographic criteria that may improve the prenatal diagnosis of Noonan syndrome by targeted DNA testing.MethodsWe searched our Fetal Medicine Unit records for all cases with a final diagnosis of Noonan syndrome. A literature review was undertaken to identify the sonographic features of Noonan syndrome fetuses. Information was pooled to define the most common features.ResultsIn our database, we identified three cases of Noonan syndrome. The diagnosis was suspected prenatally in two of them. Thirty‐nine cases were identified in the literature. In the presented cases we show that suspicion of Noonan syndrome should arise when, after an increased nuchal translucency, ultrasound investigation in the second trimester shows a persistant nuchal fold (NF) or cystic hygroma in combination with at least one of the following features: hydrops fetalis, pleural effusion, cardiac anomalies, polyhydramnios or specific facial abnormalities.ConclusionPrenatal ultrasound findings in Noonan syndrome can be subtle and aspecific, but when specific characteristics are present additional targeted DNA analysis is indicated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preventing mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome): PGD and establishing a Hunter (46, XX) stem cell line
Authors: Altarescu Gheona , Renbaum Paul , Eldar‐Geva Talia , Brooks Baruch , Varshaver Irit , Avitzour Mical , Margalioth Ehud J. , Levy‐Lahad Ephrat , Elstein Deborah , Epsztejn‐Litman Silvina , Eiges Rachel 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectivesPreimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) enables the identification of affected embryos prior to implantation. We present for the first time three families in which either the oocytes or embryos obtained from female carriers of mutations in the iduronate‐2‐sulfatase (IDS) gene underwent PGD for mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome). Furthermore, we report the first ever derivation of a Hunter's syndrome (46, XX) human stem cell line from embryos (HESC) carrying the IDS and oculocutaneus albinism type 2 mutations.MethodsCombined polar body (PB) 1 and 2 or a single cell of a six‐ to eight‐cell embryo (blastomere) was used for genetic analysis by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay using six microsatellite polymorphic markers flanking the gene and mutation.ResultsOne couple underwent four PB‐PGD cycles, with birth of a healthy girl; the second couple with one PB‐PGD cycle had healthy twins; the third couple underwent seven cycles of double PGD for Hunter and Albinism syndrome with birth of healthy twins. One novel Hunter 46, XX HESC line was established displaying typical characteristics of HESC cells.ConclusionsPGD is a reliable method to prevent pregnancy of children affected with Hunter syndrome. In addition, derived HESC can be further utilized for drug testing and better understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasound detection rate of single umbilical artery in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Lamberty Clarissa O. , de Carvalho Mário Henrique Burlacchini , Miguelez Javier , Liao Adolfo Wenjaw , Zugaib Marcelo 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo determine accuracy of first trimester detection of single umbilical artery (SUA).MethodsThe number of vessels in the umbilical cord was examined in a prospective cohort of 779 singleton, low‐risk, unselected pregnancies, in the first (11–13 weeks) and second (17–24 weeks) trimesters, using both power and color Doppler and after delivery, by placental histopathologic exam. Concordance between first and second trimester findings to postnatal diagnoses was compared by calculating kappa coefficients.ResultsThere was medium concordance between the findings in the first trimester and the postnatal diagnoses (kappa = 0.52) and high concordance (kappa = 0.89) for the second trimester scan. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the findings in the first trimester were 57.1, 98.9, 50.0 and 99.2% and for the second trimester were 86.6, 99.9, 92.9 and 99.7%.ConclusionSensitivity and positive predictive value of first trimester scan to identify an isolated SUA in a prospective unselected population was poor. Diagnosis of isolated SUA as well as a definitive judgment about the presence of associated anomalies would still require a scan in the second trimester. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of three‐dimensional imaging reconstruction to measure the corpus callosum: comparison with direct mid‐sagittal views
Authors: Miguelote R. F. , Vides B. , Santos R. F. , Palha J. A. , Matias A. , Sousa N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the accuracy of measuring the corpus callosum (CC) length in reconstructed mid‐sagittal views obtained by 3D multiplanar manipulations or volume contrast imaging in the C‐plane (VCI‐C) in comparison to measurements obtained by direct mid‐sagittal view.MethodsForty‐six normal fetuses were examined by 2D and 3D ultrasound between 23 and 32 weeks of gestation. Direct mid‐sagittal views were obtained by either the transabdominal or/and the transvaginal approach. 3D reconstructed mid‐sagittal views were obtained by either 3D multiplanar manipulations or VCI‐C. The CC length was measured in direct mid‐sagittal views and in 3D reconstructed mid‐sagittal views.ResultsOne hundred and thirty ultrasound examinations were performed. In 118 cases (91%) it was possible to obtain both a direct and a 3D reconstructed mid‐sagittal view. Measurements of the CC length in direct mid‐sagittal views correlated significantly with the measurements in reconstructed mid‐sagittal views when the region underneath the comma‐shaped echogenic structure was measured, but correlated poorly when this echogenic structure was included.ConclusionsReconstructed mid‐sagittal views obtained by 3D multiplanar manipulations or by VCI‐C are valid approaches for measuring CC length. In these views the CC should be measured as the region underneath the comma‐shaped echogenic structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.