bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Keeping Young Minds Sharp”: Children's Cognitive Stimulation and the Rise of Parenting Magazines, 1959–2003*
Authors: QUIRKE LINDA 
Published: July 2010

Dans cet article, l'auteure etudie l'éthos changeant du métier de parent en se fondant sur l'examen des magazines et des articles sur l'art d'être parent. La diversification et l'augmentation substantielle du nombre de magazines sur l'éducation des enfants dans quatre pays industrialisés d'expression anglaise démontrent une grande préoccupation par rapport à l'« art d'etre parent » en tant qu'entreprise intentionnelle. Une analyse de contenu de plus de 500 articles canadiens sur le sujet révèle un déplacement de l'importance placée sur les activités d'« amusement » vers un intérêt croissant pour l'education et le développement cognitif des enfants. En accord avec ceux et celles qui observent au fil du temps un souci accru concernant le développement cognitif des enfants, l'auteure pense que les parents canadiens sont de plus en plus encouragés à favoriser activement les aptitudes aux études de leurs enfants.This study is an exploration of the changing ethos of parenting based on an examination of parenting magazines and articles. The substantial growth and diversification of parenting magazines in four English‐speaking industrialized countries indicate a larger preoccupation about “parenting” as a deliberate undertaking. A content analysis of more than 500 Canadian parenting articles reveals a shift in emphasis from “fun” activities to an increasing focus on schooling and children's cognitive development. Consistent with others who document a heightened concern for children's cognitive development over time, I find that Canadian parents are increasingly encouraged to actively foster their children's academic skills.
Interrogating Racialized Global Labour Supply: An Exploration of the Racial/National Replaceme of Foreign Agricultural Workers in Canada*
Authors: Preibisch Kerry , Binford Leigh 
Published: July 2010

Dans cet article, on analyse le remplacement des travailleurs antillais par des Mexicains dans le Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers du gouvernement du Canada, en mettant l'accent sur le rôle des interprétations racialisées dans la mise en œuvre de ce genre de programme. On y soutient qu'un mécanisme de racialisation étaie les discours des agriculteurs ontariens à la recherche de la main‐d œuvre la plus laborieuse, fiable et flexible. Parfois même, les discours des agriculteurs affichent un racisme grossier, dépeignant les honimes antillais comme des Noirs hypersexués qui présentent un risque pour les Canadiennes, alors que, d'autres fois, ces préjugés raciaux sont formulées en termes de prédispositions physiques ou psychologiques à travailler à certaines récoltes.This paper analyses the replacement of Caribbean workers by Mexicans in Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program, highlighting the role of racialized understandings in implementing foreign worker programs. It argues that a process of racialization underpins the discourses employed by Ontario growers in search of the most hardworking, reliable and flexible labour force. Sometimes grower discourses manifest a crude racism, casting Caribbean men as hypersexualized Black subjects who pose a risk to Canadian women, while other times these racialized assumptions are framed in terms of physical and/or psychic dispositions to the production of certain crops.
Earnings of Chinese Immigrants in the Enclave and Mainstream Economy*
Authors: Li Peter S. , Dong Chunhong 
Published: July 2010

La documentation sur le sujet n'est pas décisive quant à savoir si léconomie ethnique enclavée enregistre un rendement économique comparable chez les travailleurs et les entrepreneurs immigrants à ceux qui se situent dans le courant économique principal. Les auteurs de cette étude utilisent des données du Recensement du Canada de 2001 sur la langue la plus utilisée au travail din de mesurer la participation des immigrants chinois à léconomie enclavée. Après les avoir comparés au capital humain ainsi qu'aux variations liées au travail et au milieu urbain, les résultats démontrent que le rendement est moins élevé chez les hommes et chez les femmes de l'enclave que celui des gens qui se trouvent dans le courant économique principal. Les caractéristiques de la langue et le type de travail qui s'effectue dans léconomie enclavée expliquent pourquoi le rendement y est inférieur à celui obtenu dans le courant économique principal.The literature in inconclusive as to whether the immigrant enclave economy offers returns to immigrant workers and entrepreneurs comparative to those in the mainstream economy. This study uses data from the 2001 Census of Canada on language most often used at work to measure enclave economy participation for Chinese immigrants. The findings show that returns are lower for men or women in the enclave than those in the mainstream economy, respectively, after controlling for human capital, work‐related and urban variations. Language features of and job type in the enclave economy explain why returns are inferior to that of the mainstream economy.
Who the Heck Is Don Bradman? Sport Culture and Social Class in British Columbia, Canada*
Authors: Veenstra Gerry 
Published: July 2010

Les classes sociales et la culture sportive canadienne sont‐elles interreliées ? L'auteur, inspiré par les cadres conceptuels de classes sociales de Pierre Bourdieu et d'Erik Wright, dErit les résultats d'un travail exploratoire sur les classes sociales et le sport dans la province de Colombie‐Britannique. Son analyse utilise des données d'enquête originales afin de déterminer l'importance qu'ont les caractéristiques démographiques (sexe, âge et naissance), le capital (économique, culture1 et social) et les indicateurs néomarxistes des catégories sociales (comme la propriétééconomique, le contrôle sur le lieu de travail et les compétences professionnelles) sur l'étendue des connaissances sportives et sur la participation aux activités sportives. Cette analyse constitue donc un petit pas vers l'identification des classes sociales au Canada, soutenue ou délimitée par l'exercice des choix et des pratiques culturelles.Are social class and Canadian sports culture entwined? This article, inspired by the social class frameworks of Pierre Bourdieu and Erik Wright, describes results from an exploratory investigation of class and sport in the province of British Columbia. The analysis utilizes original survey data to determine the degree to which demographic characteristics (gender, age and nativity), capitals (economic, cultural and social) and neo‐Marxist indicators of class position (such as economic ownership, control in the workplace and job skill) predict breadth of sports knowledge and participation in sporting activities. The analysis therefore represents a small step towards identifying social classes in Canada that are sustained or delimited by the wielding of cultural tastes and practices.
Les Chinois de Paris et de Montréal: analyse comparative de deux communautés en situation d'immigration*
Authors: Nicholls Natalie C. 
Published: July 2010

This article is a comparative study of two Chinese communities in two countries that differ in their history and their political direction when it comes to immigration: Canada and France. Although it neither concludes their independence nor the disappearance of the role of national states, the article points out many similarities in the structure, organization and internal economy relying on cross‐border ethnic networks.Le présent article consiste en une étude comparative de deux communautés chinoises en situation d'immigration dans deux pays différant par leur histoire et leur orientation politique: le Canada et la France. Bien qu'il n'en conclue ni à l'indépendance de ces communautés ni à la disparition du rôle des États nationaux, l'article relève maintee ressemblances sur le plan de la structure, de l'organisation et de l'économie interne reposant sur des réseaux ethniques transcendant les frontières.
Sternoclavicular Joint Arthritis: Unrecognized Cause of Shoulder Impingement
Authors: Taranu Razvan , Feary Joy , Dufosse Julian W. B. , Bayliss Neil C. 
Published: July 2010

Background We wish to demonstrate that osteoarthritis of the sternoclavicular joint can be a cause of tertiary subacromial impingement as a result of decreased motion of the clavicle. Materials We present a series of five patients with tertiary subacromial impingement caused by stiffness of the sternoclavicular joint. All five patients attended our upper limb clinic with what appeared to be subacromial impingement. Close examination revealed that they had an inability to shrug the affected shoulder as a result of reduced mobility of the sternoclavicular joint caused by osteoarthritis. None of the patients had symptoms localized to the sternoclavicular joint itself. After appropriate investigation, four patients underwent excision of the medial end of the clavicle and one responded well to physiotherapy. Results All patients regained full shoulder movements and resolution of the subacromial impingement pain. Discussion We recommend that the ‘shrug test’ should be part of routine shoulder examination so that sternoclavicular joint pathology can be recognized at an early stage and acted on appropriately. We conclude that subacromial impingement can be caused by impaired clavicle rotation as a result of osteoarthritic changes in the sternoclavicular joint.
Flexible Label-Free Quantitative Assay for Antibodies to Influenza Virus Hemagglutinins
Authors: Carney Paul J. , Lipatov Aleksandr S. , Monto Arnold S. , Donis Ruben O. , Stevens James 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT
During the initial pandemic influenza H1N1 virus outbreak, assays such as hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization provided important information on the relative protection afforded by the population's cross-reactivity from prior infections and immunizations with seasonal vaccines. However, these assays continue to be limited in that they are difficult to automate for high throughput, such as in pandemic situations, as well as to standardize between labs. Thus, new technologies are being sought to improve standardization, reliability, and throughput by using chemically defined reagents rather than whole cells and virions. We now report the use of a cell-free and label-free flu antibody biosensor assay (f-AbBA) for influenza research and diagnostics that utilizes recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) in conjunction with label-free biolayer interferometry technology to measure biomolecular interactions between the HA and specific anti-HA antibodies or sialylated ligands. We evaluated f-AbBA to determine anti-HA antibody binding activity in serum or plasma to assess vaccine-induced humoral responses. This assay can reveal the impact of antigenic difference on antibody binding to HA and also measure binding to different subtypes of HA. We also show that the biosensor assay can measure the ability of HA to bind a model sialylated receptor-like ligand. f-AbBA could be used in global surveillance laboratories since preliminary tests on desiccated HA probes showed no loss of activity after >2 months in storage at room temperature, indicating that the same reagent lots could be used in different laboratories to minimize interlaboratory assay fluctuation. Future development of such reagents and similar technologies may offer a robust platform for future influenza surveillance activities.
Diagnosis of Canine Vector-Borne Diseases in Young Dogs: a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Otranto Domenico , Testini Gabriella , Dantas-Torres Filipe , Latrofa Maria S. , Diniz Pedro Paulo Vissotto de Paiva , de Caprariis Donato , Lia Riccardo P. , Mencke Norbert , Stanneck Dorothee , Capelli Gioia , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) pose a diagnostic challenge, particularly when a dog is coinfected with more than one pathogen. The purpose of this study was to generate information about the diagnosis of CVBDs in young dogs following their first exposure to flea, tick, sand fly, louse, and mosquito vectors. From March 2008 to May 2009, 10 purpose-bred young naive beagle dogs and a cohort of 48 mixed-breed dogs living in an area to which CVBD is endemic in southern Italy were monitored using different diagnostic tests (cytology, serology, and PCR). Overall, PCR detected the highest number of dogs infected with
Anaplasma platys
,
Babesia vogeli
, and
Ehrlichia canis
, whereas seroconversion was a more sensitive indicator of exposure to
Leishmania infantum
. For
A
.
platys
infection, combining blood and buffy coat cytology in parallel enhanced the relative sensitivity (SE
rel
) (87.3%). For
B
.
vogeli
, the best diagnostic combination was buffy coat cytology and serology used in parallel (SE
rel
, 67.5%), whereas serology and PCR used in parallel (SE
rel
, 100%) was the best combination for
L
.
infantum
. Overall, 12 (20.7%) dogs were coinfected; however, the percentage of new coinfections decreased from baseline (50%) to the first (33.3%) and second (16.6%) follow-up time points. Numbers of coinfections with
A
.
platys
and
B
.
vogeli
were significantly higher (
P
< 0.05) than coinfections with other pathogen combinations. The data generated in this study provide insights on the incidence of certain pathogens infecting young dogs in southern Italy, highlight important diagnostic testing limitations, and support the use of multiple diagnostic modalities when attempting to confirm a tick-borne infection in an individual dog or in a canine population.
Aerococcus urinae
: Severe and Fatal Bloodstream Infections and Endocarditis
Authors: de Jong Margriet F. C. , Soetekouw Robin , ten Kate Reinier W. , Veenendaal Dick 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Aerococcus urinae
is a pathogen that rarely causes severe or fatal infections. We describe four cases of severe
A. urinae
bloodstream infections. All patients had underlying urologic conditions. Urine cultures, however, were negative.
Disseminated Mycosis in Veiled Chameleons (
Chamaeleo calyptratus
) Caused by
Chamaeleomyces granulomatis
, a New Fungus Related to
Paecilomyces viridis
Authors: Sigler Lynne , Gibas Connie Fe C. , Kokotovic Branko , Bertelsen Mads F. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

An outbreak of disseminated granulomatous disease occurred in a group of veiled chameleons (
Chamaeleo calyptratus
) in a zoo collection. An adult female and six offspring developed large granulomas in multiple organs and were euthanized. At necropsy, roughly spherical yellow-to-white nodules 1 to 3 mm in diameter were grossly visible in the liver and other organs. Histopathology revealed fungal elements that were spherical to ovoid in shape, fragments of slender to irregularly swollen hyphae, and occasional conidia produced on phialides. Fungal isolates were initially suspected on the basis of morphology results to represent
Paecilomyces viridis
, a species known only from one outbreak of fatal mycosis in carpet chameleons (
Furcifer lateralis
). Data obtained from morphological studies and from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal rRNA (rDNA) sequence data revealed the Danish chameleon isolates to be a related undescribed anamorphic species within the family Clavicipitaceae that includes many insect pathogens.
Chamaeleomyces granulomatis
gen. et sp. nov. is given as the name for the newly described fungus, and
P. viridis
is transferred to the new genus as
Chamaeleomyces viridis
comb. nov.
Chamaeleomyces
species are distinguished by having basally swollen phialides tapering to a narrow neck, conidia in fragile chains, and pale green to greenish-gray colonies. Both species are dimorphic, producing a transitory yeast stage characterized by ovoid-to-subglobose or subcylindrical yeast-like cells.
Chamaeleomyces
species appear to be rare but aggressive pathogens of chameleons.
Characterization of Some Bacterial Strains Isolated from Animal Clinical Materials and Identified as
Corynebacterium xerosis
by Molecular Biological Techniques
Authors: Palacios Lucía , Vela Ana Isabel , Molin Kent , Fernández Ana , Latre Maria Victoria , Chacón Gema , Falsen Enevold , Fernández-Garayzábal José Francisco 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

Eighteen
Corynebacterium xerosis
strains isolated from different animal clinical specimens were subjected to phenotypic and molecular genetic studies. On the basis of the results of the biochemical characterization, the strains were tentatively identified as
C. xerosis
. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparative analysis of the sequences of 16S rRNA and
rpoB
genes revealed that the 18 strains were highly related to
C. xerosis
,
C. amycolatum
,
C. freneyi
, and
C. hansenii
. There was a good concordance between 16S rRNA and partial
rpoB
gene sequencing results, although partial
rpoB
gene sequencing allowed better differentiation of
C. xerosis
. Alternatively,
C. xerosis
was also differentiated from
C. freneyi
and
C. amycolatum
by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic spacer region. Phenotypic characterization indicated that besides acid production from
d
-turanose and 5-ketogluconate, 90% of the strains were able to reduce nitrate. The absence of the fatty acids C
14:0
, C
15:0
, C
16:1
ϖ7
c
, and C
17:1
ϖ8
c
can also facilitate the differentiation of
C. xerosis
from closely related species. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that for reliable identification of
C. xerosis
strains from clinical samples, a combination of phenotypic and molecular-biology-based identification techniques is necessary.
Additive Contribution of HLA Class I Alleles in the Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Leslie Alasdair , Matthews Philippa C. , Listgarten Jennifer , Carlson Jonathan M. , Kadie Carl , Ndung'u Thumbi , Brander Christian , Coovadia Hoosen , Walker Bruce D. , Heckerman David , Goulder Philip J. R. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT
Previous studies have identified a central role for HLA-B alleles in influencing control of HIV infection. An alternative possibility is that a small number of HLA-B alleles may have a very strong impact on HIV disease outcome, dominating the contribution of other HLA alleles. Here, we find that even following the exclusion of subjects expressing any of the HLA-B class I alleles (B*57, B*58, and B*18) identified to have the strongest influence on control, the dominant impact of HLA-B alleles on virus set point and absolute CD4 count variation remains significant. However, we also find that the influence of HLA on HIV control in this C-clade-infected cohort from South Africa extends beyond HLA-B as HLA-Cw type remains a significant predictor of virus and CD4 count following exclusion of the strongest HLA-B associations. Furthermore, there is evidence of interdependent protective effects of the HLA-Cw*0401-B*8101, HLA-Cw*1203-B*3910, and HLA-A*7401-B*5703 haplotypes that cannot be explained solely by linkage to a protective HLA-B allele. Analysis of individuals expressing both protective and detrimental alleles shows that even the strongest HLA alleles appear to have an additive rather than dominant effect on HIV control at the individual level. Finally, weak but significant frequency-dependent effects in this cohort can be detected only by looking at an individual's combined HLA allele frequencies. Taken together, these data suggest that although individual HLA alleles, particularly HLA-B, can have a strong impact, HIV control overall is likely to be influenced by the additive effect of some or all of the other HLA alleles present.
The Effect of Clade-Specific Sequence Polymorphisms on HIV-1 Protease Activity and Inhibitor Resistance Pathways
Authors: Bandaranayake Rajintha M. , Kolli Madhavi , King Nancy M. , Nalivaika Ellen A. , Heroux Annie , Kakizawa Junko , Sugiura Wataru , Schiffer Celia A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT
The majority of HIV-1 infections around the world result from non-B clade HIV-1 strains. The CRF01_AE (AE) strain is seen principally in Southeast Asia. AE protease differs by ∼10% in amino acid sequence from clade B protease and carries several naturally occurring polymorphisms that are associated with drug resistance in clade B. AE protease has been observed to develop resistance through a nonactive-site N88S mutation in response to nelfinavir (NFV) therapy, whereas clade B protease develops both the active-site mutation D30N and the nonactive-site mutation N88D. Structural and biochemical studies were carried out with wild-type and NFV-resistant clade B and AE protease variants. The relationship between clade-specific sequence variations and pathways to inhibitor resistance was also assessed. AE protease has a lower catalytic turnover rate than clade B protease, and it also has weaker affinity for both NFV and darunavir (DRV). This weaker affinity may lead to the nonactive-site N88S variant in AE, which exhibits significantly decreased affinity for both NFV and DRV. The D30N/N88D mutations in clade B resulted in a significant loss of affinity for NFV and, to a lesser extent, for DRV. A comparison of crystal structures of AE protease shows significant structural rearrangement in the flap hinge region compared with those of clade B protease and suggests insights into the alternative pathways to NFV resistance. In combination, our studies show that sequence polymorphisms within clades can alter protease activity and inhibitor binding and are capable of altering the pathway to inhibitor resistance.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 3-Dependent Pathways Are Critical for Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Central Nervous System Infection
Authors: Menachery Vineet D. , Pasieka Tracy Jo , Leib David A. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACT

The initiation of the immune response at the cellular level relies on specific recognition molecules to rapidly signal viral infection via interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3)-dependent pathways. The absence of IRF-3 would be expected to render such pathways inoperative and thereby significantly affect viral infection. Unexpectedly, a previous study found no significant change in herpes simplex virus (HSV) pathogenesis in IRF-3
−/−
mice following intravenous HSV type 1 (HSV-1) challenge (K. Honda, H. Yanai, H. Negishi, M. Asagiri, M. Sato, T. Mizutani, N. Shimada, Y. Ohba, A. Takaoka, N. Yoshida, and T. Taniguchi, Nature 434:772-777, 2005). In contrast, the present study demonstrated that IRF-3
−/−
mice are significantly more susceptible to HSV infection via the corneal and intracranial routes. Following corneal infection with 2 × 10
6
PFU of HSV-1 strain McKrae, 50% of wild-type mice survived, compared to 10% of IRF-3-deficient mice. Significantly increased viral replication and inflammatory cytokine production were observed in brain tissues of IRF-3
−/−
mice compared to control mice, with a concomitant deficit in production of both IFN-β and IFN-α. These data demonstrate a critical role for IRF-3 in control of central nervous system infection following HSV-1 challenge. Furthermore, this work underscores the necessity to evaluate multiple routes of infection and animal models in order to fully determine the role of host resistance factors in pathogenesis.