bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating competing hypotheses for the origin and dynamics of river anastomosis
Authors: Kleinhans M. G. , de Haas T. , Lavooi E. , Makaske B. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTAnastomosing rivers have multiple interconnected channels that enclose flood basins. Various theories potentially explain this pattern, including an increased discharge conveyance and sediment transport capacity of multiple channels, deltaic branching, avulsion forced by base‐level rise, or a tendency to avulse due to upstream sediment overloading. The former two imply a stable anabranching channel pattern, whereas the latter two imply disequilibrium and evolution towards a single‐channel pattern in the absence of avulsion. Our objective is to test these hypotheses on morphodynamic scenario modelling and data of a well‐documented case study: the upper Columbia River.Proportions of channel and floodplain sediments along the river valley were derived from surface mapping. Initial and boundary conditions for the modelling were derived from field data. A 1D network model was built based on gradually varied flow equations, sediment transport prediction, mass conservation, transverse slope and spiral meander flow effects at the bifurcations.The number of channels and crevasse splays decreases in a downstream direction. Also, measured sediment transport is higher at the upstream boundary than downstream. These observations concur with bed sediment overloading from upstream, which can have caused channel aggradation above the surrounding floodplain and subsequent avulsion. The modelling also indicates that avulsion was likely caused by upstream overloading.In the model, multi‐channel systems inevitably evolve towards single‐channel systems within centuries. The reasons are that symmetric channel bifurcations are inherently unstable, while confluenced channels have relatively less friction than two parallel channels, so that more discharge is conveyed through the path with more confluences and less friction. Furthermore, the present longitudinal profile curvature of the valley could only be reproduced in the model by temporary overfeeding.We conclude that this anastomosing pattern is the result of time‐varying sediment overloading and is not an equilibrium pattern feature, and suggest this is valid for many anastomosing rivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PI3K/Akt pathway mediates high glucose‐induced lipid accumulation in human renal proximal tubular cells via spliced XBP‐1
Authors: Zhao Song , Zhu Lin , Duan Huijun , Liu Shuxia , Liu Qingjuan , Liu Wei , Hao Jun 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the effect of X‐box‐binding protein‐1 (XBP‐1) splicing on lipogenesis in high glucose‐stimulated human renal proximal tubular cell line (HKC). The results revealed that high glucose promoted the splicing of XBP‐1, concomitant with up‐regulation of lipogenic genes including fatty acid synthase, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, adipocyte differentiation‐related protein, and cellular triglyceride. Again, silence of XBP‐1 with shRNA vector inhibited high glucose‐caused increased lipogenesis. Furthermore, we confirmed that the inhibition of phosphotidyl inositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway with LY294002 or Akt shRNA vector blocked the effect of high glucose on XBP‐1 splicing and cellular triglyceride. These above data suggest that spliced XBP‐1 mediates high glucose‐induced lipid accumulation in HKC cells and PI3K/Akt pathway may be involved in high glucose‐caused XBP‐1 splicing. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3288–3298, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hypoxia modulation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) in human glioblastoma stem cells. Implications for therapy
Authors: Galzio Renato , Cristiano Loredana , Fidoamore Alessia , Cifone Maria Grazia , Benedetti Elisabetta , Cinque Benedetta , Menghini Paola , Raysi Dehcordi Sohelia , Ippoliti Rodolfo , Giordano Antonio , Cimini Annamaria 
Published: May 2012

AbstractGliobastoma (GB), the most common adult brain tumor, infiltrates normal brain area rendering impossible the complete surgical resection, resulting in a poor median survival (14–15 months), despite the aggressive multimodality treatments post‐surgery, such as radiation and chemo‐therapy. GB is characterized by hypoxic and necrotic regions due to a poorly organized tumor vascularization, leading to inadequate blood supply and consequently to hypoxic and necrotic areas. We have previously shown that, under hypoxia GB primary cells increased the expression of stemness markers as well as the expression of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) and also the crucial role played by PPARs in mouse neural stem cells maintenance and differentiation. Due to the importance of lipid signaling in cell proliferation and differentiation, in this work, we analyzed the expression of PPARs in GB neurospheres both in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The results obtained suggest a differential regulation of the three PPARs by hypoxia, thus indicating a possible therapeutic strategy to counteract GB recurrencies. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3342–3352, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interleukin‐11 Increases Cell Motility and Up‐Regulates Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 Expression in Human Chondrosarcoma Cells
Authors: Li Te‐Mao , Wu Chi‐Ming , Huang Hsin‐Chih , Chou Pei‐Chi , Fong Yi‐Chin , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInterleukin‐11 (IL‐11) was originally identified as the cytokine that could induce the proliferation of human cells. Recent studies have shown that IL‐11 plays a critical role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Chondrosarcoma is a type of highly malignant tumor with a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis. However, the effects of IL‐11 on human chondrosarcoma cells are largely unknown. Here, we found that IL‐11 increased the migration and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM)‐1 in human chondrosarcoma cells. We also found that human chondrosarcoma tissues had significant expression of the IL‐11 which was higher than that in primary chondrocytes. The phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K), Akt, and NF‐κB pathways were activated by IL‐11 treatment, and the IL‐11‐induced expression of ICAM‐1 and migration activity were inhibited by the specific inhibitors and mutant forms of PI3K, Akt, and NF‐κB cascades. Taken together, our results indicate that IL‐11 enhanced the migration of the chondrosarcoma cells by increasing ICAM‐1 expression through the IL‐11Rα receptor, PI3K, Akt, and NF‐κB signal transduction pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3353–3362, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived interleukin‐6 and vascular endothelial growth factor promote breast cancer cell migration
Authors: De Luca Antonella , Lamura Luana , Gallo Marianna , Maffia Veronica , Normanno Nicola 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSeveral different cytokines and growth factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been hypothesized to play a role in breast cancer progression. By using a small panel of breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7, T47D, and SK‐Br‐3 cells), we analyzed the role of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) in the cross‐talk between MSCs and breast cancer cells. We performed migration assays in which breast cancer cells were allowed to migrate in response to conditioned medium from MSCs (MSCs‐CM), in absence or in presence of the anti‐VEGF antibody bevacizumab or an anti‐IL‐6 antibody, alone or in combination. We found that anti‐VEGF and anti‐IL‐6 antibodies inhibited the migration of breast cancer cells and that the combination had an higher inhibitory effect. We next evaluated the effects of recombinant VEGF and IL‐6 proteins on breast cancer cell growth and migration. IL‐6 and VEGF had not significant effects on the proliferation of breast carcinoma cells. In contrast, both VEGF and IL‐6 significantly increased the ability to migrate of MCF‐7, T47D and SK‐Br‐3 cells, with the combination showing a greater effect as compared with treatment with a single protein. The combination of VEGF and IL‐6 produced in breast cancer cells a more significant and more persistent activation of MAPK, AKT, and p38MAPK intracellular signaling pathways. These results suggest that MSC‐secreted IL‐6 and VEGF may act as paracrine factors to sustain breast cancer cell migration. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3363–3370, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Oximes with NH2OH.HCl/DOWEX(R)50WX4 System
Authors: Setamdideh Davood , Khezri Behrooz , Esmaeilzadeh Seyran 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe oximation of a variety of carbonyl compounds was efficiently carried out with DOWEX(R)50WX4/NH2OH·HCl system. The reactions were performed in ethanol to give Z‐aldoximation isomers of aldehydes and E‐oximaton of acetophenone derivatives in a perfect selectively. The oximation of compounds with two carbonyl groups was carried out selectively on one carbonyl moiety. Also, the oximation of aldehydes over ketones has been accomplished successfully by this system.
Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Bismuth(III) with 1‐(2‐Pyridylazo)‐2‐naphthol and Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Ruan Chengxiang , Li Tongtong , Ju Xiaomei , Liu Hejian , Lou Jin , Sun Wei 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn this paper 1‐(2‐pyridylazo)‐2‐naphthol (PAN) and ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIMBF4) were mixed with graphite powder to get a modified carbon paste electrode (PAN‐IL‐CPE), which was further used for the sensitive determination of bismuth(III). By the co‐contribution of the formation of PAN‐Bi complex and the accumulation effect of IL, more bismuth(III) was electrodeposited on the surface of the PAN‐IL‐CPE. Then the reduced Bi was oxidized and detected by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) with the oxidation peak appeared at 0.17 V (vs. SCE). Under the optimal conditions the oxidation peak current was proportional to the bismuth(III) concentration in the range from 0.04 to 7.5 μmol L−1 with the detection limit as 3.9 nmol L−1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the stomach medicine sample detection with good recovery.
Detachments of Amalgamated 3‐Uniform Hypergraphs Factorization Consequences
Authors: Bahmanian M. Amin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA is a hypergraph obtained from by splitting some or all of its vertices into more than one vertex. Amalgamating a hypergraph can be thought of as taking , partitioning its vertices, then for each element of the partition squashing the vertices to form a single vertex in the amalgamated hypergraph . In this paper, we use Nash‐Williams lemma on laminar families to prove a detachment theorem for amalgamated 3‐uniform hypergraphs, which yields a substantial generalization of previous amalgamation theorems by Hilton, Rodger, and Nash‐Williams.To demonstrate the power of our detachment theorem, we show that the complete 3‐uniform n‐partite multihypergraph can be expressed as the union of k edge‐disjoint factors, where for , is ‐regular, if and only if:

for all ,
for each i, , and
.
A Two‐Year Prospective Study of Psychache and its Relationship to Suicidality Among High‐Risk Undergraduates
Authors: Troister Talia , Holden Ronald R. 
Published: May 2012

ObjectivesEdwin Shneidman's theory of suicide was tested by examining the relationships of depression, hopelessness, and psychache with suicide ideation, longitudinally.DesignForty‐one high‐risk students who were suicide ideators completed questionnaires measuring depression, hopelessness, psychache, and suicide ideation at baseline and 2 years later.ResultsRegression analyses showed that at baseline and at follow‐up, psychache was the only unique contributor to the statistical prediction of suicide ideation. When examining change over time, change in psychache was the only factor that added significant unique variance to the prediction of change in suicide ideation.ConclusionsResults support Shneidman's assertion that other psychological factors, such as depression and hopelessness, are only important to suicide insofar as their relationship with psychache, and that psychache and suicide ideation co‐vary over time.
Cyclical Parthenogenesis and Viviparity in Aphids as Evolutionary Novelties
Authors: DAVIS GREGORY K. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTEvolutionary novelties represent challenges to biologists, particularly those who would like to understand the developmental and genetic changes responsible for their appearance. Most modern aphids possess two apparent evolutionary novelties: cyclical parthenogenesis (a life cycle with both sexual and asexual phases) and viviparity (internal development and live birth of progeny) in their asexual phase. Here I discuss the evolution of these apparent novelties from a developmental standpoint. Although a full understanding of the evolution of cyclical parthenogenesis and viviparity in aphids can seem a daunting task, these complex transitions can at least be broken down into a handful of steps. I argue that these should include the following: a differentiation of two developmentally distinct oocytes; de novo synthesis of centrosomes and modification of meiosis during asexual oogenesis; a loss or bypass of any cell cycle arrest and changes in key developmental events during viviparous oogenesis; and a change in how mothers specify the sexual vs. asexual fates of their progeny. Grappling with the nature of such steps and the order in which they occurred ought to increase our understanding and reduce the apparent novelty of complex evolutionary transitions. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318B:448–459, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing Inferences in Developmental Evolution: The Forensic Evidence Principle
Authors: LARSSON HANS C. E. , WAGNER GÜNTER P. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTDevelopmental evolution (DE) examines the influence of developmental mechanisms on biological evolution. Here we consider the question: “what is the evidence that allows us to decide whether a certain developmental scenario for an evolutionary change is in fact “correct” or at least falsifiable?” We argue that the comparative method linked with what we call the “forensic evidence principle” (FEP) is sufficient to conduct rigorous tests ofDEscenarios. TheFEPstates that different genetically mediated developmental causes of an evolutionary transformation will leave different signatures in the development of thederivedcharacter. Although similar inference rules have been used in practically every empirical science, we expand this approach here in two ways: (1) we justify the validity of this principle with reference to a well‐known result from mathematical physics, known as the symmetry principle, and (2) propose a specific form of theFEPforDE: given two or more developmental explanations for a certain evolutionary event, say an evolutionary novelty, then the evidence discriminating between these hypotheses will be found in the most proximal internal drivers of the derived character. Hence, a detailed description of the ancestral and derived states, and their most proximal developmental drivers are necessary to discriminate between various evolutionary developmental hypotheses. We discuss how this stepwise order of testing is necessary, establishes a formal test, and how skipping this order of examination may violate a more accurate examination ofDE. We illustrate the approach with an example from avian digit evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 318B:489–500, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wear resistant performance of highly cross‐linked and annealed ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene against ceramic heads in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sato Taishi , Nakashima Yasuharu , Akiyama Mio , Yamamoto Takuaki , Mawatari Taro , Itokawa Takashi , Ohishi Masanobu , Motomura Goro , Hirata Masanobu , Iwamoto Yukihide 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ceramic femoral head material, size, and implantation periods on the wear of annealed, cross‐linked ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) (XLPE) in total hip arthroplasty compared to non‐cross‐linked conventional UHMWPE (CPE). XLPE was fabricated by cross‐linking with 60 kGy irradiation and annealing. Femoral heads made from zirconia and alumina ceramics and cobalt–chrome (CoCr) of 22 or 26 mm diameter were used. In this retrospective cohort study, the femoral head penetration into the cup was measured digitally on radiographs of 367 hips with XLPE and 64 hips with CPE. The average follow‐up periods were 6.3 and 11.9 years, respectively. Both XLPE creep and wear rates were significantly lower than those of CPE (0.19 mm vs. 0.44 mm, 0.0001 mm/year vs. 0.09 mm/year, respectively). Zirconia displayed increased wear rates compared to alumina in CPE; however, there was no difference among head materials in XLPE (0.0008, 0.00007, and −0.009 mm/year for zirconia, alumina, and CoCr, respectively). Neither head size or implantation period impacted XLPE wear. In contrast to CPE, XLPE displayed low wear rates surpassing the effects of varying femoral head material, size, implantation period, and patient demographics. Further follow‐up is required to determine the long‐term clinical performance of the annealed XLPE. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:2031–2037, 2012
Implications of goat eradication on the survivorship of the Galapagos hawk
Authors: Rivera‐Parra Jose L. , Levenstein Kenneth M. , Bednarz James C. , Vargas F. Hernan , Carrion Victor , Parker Patricia G. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractNon‐native mammals cause ecological disasters in island ecosystems and their eradication is usually considered beneficial to native biodiversity. Goats (Capra hircus) were introduced to Santiago Island, Galapagos, Ecuador, in the early 1800s, and their numbers increased to about 100,000 by 1970. A goat eradication campaign initiated in 2002 was successful, eliminating the last individuals in 2006. To evaluate the effects of goat eradication, between 1998 and 2010 we studied the Galapagos hawk (Buteo galapagoensis) population on Santiago Island before, during, and after eradication. We used a 12‐year data set in a capture–mark–recapture analysis to estimate the apparent survivorship of territorial adults in 33 breeding territories, and a 5‐year data set to estimate the population sizes of the floater (non‐territorial) fraction of the population. Juvenile floaters showed a drastic decline starting in 2006 and continuing in 2007, 2008, and 2010, which we attribute to the completion of goat eradication in 2006, and subsequent habitat changes. We found a significant decline in adult survivorship after the goat eradication program. Additionally, group size positively affected adult survivorship in this cooperatively polyandrous raptor, presumably reflecting the benefit of shared defense and offspring provisioning during harsher conditions. The changes in the hawk population after goat eradication are an example of unforeseen consequences of a restoration program, and we hypothesize that these changes are adjustments towards a new equilibrium under the current ecosystem characteristics and capacity. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
fMRI evaluation of cochlear implant candidacy in diffuse cortical cytomegalovirus disease
Authors: Weiss Joshua P. , Bernal Byron , Balkany Thomas J. , Altman Nolan , Jethanamest Dan , Andersson Erin 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCongenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most frequent nongenetic cause of pediatric hearing loss in the United States, affecting approximately 8,000 children each year. Due in part to variable cytomegalic involvement of the auditory cortex, cochlear implantation outcomes have varied widely. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential to assist in determining candidacy for cochlear implantation through the detection of intact auditory pathways including the cortex. We report a case of a 21‐month‐old girl with cytomegalovirus‐related deafness and diffuse white matter involvement in which fMRI was a determining factor for cochlear implantation and side selection.
Balance disorders in the elderly: Epidemiology and functional impact
Authors: Lin Harrison W. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To quantify the prevalence and determine the impact of dizziness and balance disorders in the elderly.Study Design:Cross‐sectional analysis of a national database.Methods:The balance problems survey module of the 2008 National Health Interview Survey was examined, and cases of reported dizziness or balance problems in persons ≥65 years old were identified. The prevalence of balance disorders and associated symptoms and their impacts on self‐reported functional limitations were determined. The related impact on daily activities for elderly persons with balance problems was quantified. Sex‐based differences in balance problems were determined.Results:Among 37.3 ± 0.9 million elderly persons (mean age, 74.4 ± 0.1 years; 56.9% ± 0.9% female), 7.0 ± 0.2 million persons (19.6% ± 0.7%) reported a problem with dizziness or balance in the preceding 12 months. Balance problems included difficulty with unsteadiness (68.0%), walking on uneven surfaces (54.8%), vertigo (30.1%), and faintness (29.6%). Prescription medication triggered the balance problem in 18.7%. Among the 50.0% of elderly persons with balance problems who sought care, 85.6%, 30.3%, 23.9%, and 16.8% saw a general practitioner, internist, neurologist, or otolaryngologist, respectively. Of this group, 27.4% reported that balance problems specifically prevented them from participating in activities including exercise (61.2%), social events (45.8%), and driving (47.1%). Females were more likely to experience balance problems than males (21.0% vs. 17.7%, P = .025).Conclusions:Approximately one in five elderly persons experiences annual problems with dizziness or balance. Given the significant prevalence and negative effect of balance problems on daily activities in the elderly, balance disorders merit special attention, particularly in the face of an aging population.
Weather and Language
Authors: Eriksen Pål K. , Kittilä Seppo , Kolehmainen Leena 
Published: May 2012

AbstractThis paper summarizes current findings in the cross‐linguistic study of meteorological constructions. It provides both a typology of weather events and a typology of encoding formats used for the expression of weather in and across languages. The discussion shows that there is a correlation between these two parameters: there are clear tendencies in the distribution of the various encoding types across the various event types. This gives rise to a typology of languages which explains linguistic variation in the encoding of meteorological events.
Indian English: Features and Sociolinguistic Aspects
Authors: Sailaja Pingali 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIndian English has been the subject of study since colonial times, with several works written over the years describing its linguistic features. Considerable attention has been paid to the lexis, morphology and syntactic constructions, as also the sound system. Yet, the investigation is far from over, nor is there agreement on issues. Recent work has moved in the direction of corpus‐based studies, enabling the establishment of tendencies and grammaticalised forms in a quantified manner. Acoustic phonetic studies are increasingly the norm. These empirically verified conclusions either negate or confirm earlier intuition‐based and impressionistic descriptions. Together, these works help to establish what makes up the national variety, the standard and variation. Two theoretical debates emerge in this scenario. The first is the nature and extent of substrate influence and its intersection with L2 universals. The second is a debate on the phase to which Indian English belongs in Schneider’s dynamic model of evolution for New Englishes: phase 3 of nativisation or phase 4 of endonormative stabilisation.