bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rhombinidae, a New Family of Carboniferous Ostracoda
Authors: Sylvester-Bradley P. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Carboniferous ostracod Rhombina Jones and Kirkby is shown to have been misinterpreted. The genus is redescribed, a new family is erected for its reception, and a new genus, Palaeophilomedes, proposed as a second member of this family.
The Fauna of Some Recent Marine Deposits Near Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Hudson R. G. S. , Eames F. E. , Wilkins G. L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe fauna, mainly small gastropods and lamellibranchs, of the sands and silts (the Hammar Formation) occurring near the surface in various borings in the Basrah area is shown to be marine and of Recent age. It is suggested that the Persian Gulf sea in Recent times extended a considerable distance north of its present shoreline: its silting-up is considered to be due to cessation of subsidence. The subsequent geography of the area, with its fluviatile, lacustrine, and estuarine sediments, is possibly due to localized subsidence and elevation.
Brachymetopus (Brachymetopus) and B. (Brachymetopina) (Trilobita, Devonian to Upper Carboniferous)
Authors: Goldring R. , Stubblefield C. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe interpretation of Brachymetopus (Brachymetopus) M'Coy and B. (Brachymetopina) Reed in Europe has been contrary to the general interpretation in America. The relevant literature is critically reviewed and it is concluded that both usages have been at fault and neither is in accordance with the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature. The type species of B. (Brachymetopus) is maccoyi Portlock, 1843, and the type species of B. (Brachymetopina) is ouralica de Verneuil, 1845; B. (Brachymetopina) is a subjective synonym of B. (Brachymetopus).
Indigenous and Exotic Foraminifera in the Coralline Crag of Sutton, Suffolk
Authors: Carter D. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe effects of current action on the distribution of foraminiferal tests are discussed and evaluated. The distributions of current- drifted and indigenous foraminiferal tests are compared and contrasted. A simple method of plotting abundance data facilitating differentiation between current-drifted and indigenous forms has been developed and applied to assemblages from the Pliocene Coralline Crag of Sutton, Suffolk. It has been found that these assemblages do not represent the original biocoenoses, but consist largely of exotic forms.
Three Foraminiferal Zones in the Tertiary of Australia
Authors: Glaessner M. F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe paper draws attention to the existence in the Tertiary of Australia of three distinctive though not consecutive foraminiferal zones. The lowest zone, found in Victoria and South Australia, is of Upper Eocene age, the upper zone is not younger than Lower Miocene (Burdigalian) and the intermediate zone of Victoriella, corresponding to strata usually referred to the “Janjukian”, probably Upper Oligocene (Chattian) to Aquitanian.
The Age of Interglacial Deposits at Swanscombe
Authors: Baden-Powell D. F. W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe interglacial gravel at Swanscombe includes pebbles apparently derived from Shropshire and neighbouring districts; and as some of these occur in the “Plateau Drift” near Oxford, they may have reached the Lower Thames by way of Moreton and Goring Gaps. The earlier of the two boulder clays of Essex and Hertfordshire probably contributed some erratics to the Swanscombe gravels, but the later includes material from North Britain and Scandinavia unknown in the Swanscombe deposits. Therefore the gravels at Swanscombe seem to be intermediate in age between the Lowestoft and Gipping Glaciations of East Anglia, with which the two Essex boulder clays are correlated.
Some Unusual Structures in Rhaetic Sandstones, near Cowbridge, Glamorgan
Authors: Thomas Trevor M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe best known exposures of Rhaetic strata in Glamorgan are those of the Lavernock and Penarth cliff sections, where the normal black shales—thin limestones facies are displayed. In the central and west Vale of Glamorgan, however, massive sandstones are the dominant Rhaetic formation. The construction of a housing site has revealed the presence of numerous voids or cavities in these sandstones, the origin of which is attributed to decalcification.
Growth of the glabella of Dalmanitina olini
Authors: Temple J. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGrowth of the glabella of the trilobite Dalmanitina olini is studied by plotting various dimensions y against the length of the glabellar stalk x which is taken to represent absolute size. The relations are fitted best by linear equations y = a(x + b/a), and for several dimensions the value of b/a appears to be constant. The concepts of absolute and specific growth-rates are discussed in relation to the glabella of D. olini.
Hecla Hoek Rocks of New Friesland (Spitsbergen)
Authors: Fleming W. L. S. , Edmonds J. M. 
Published: May 2009

(I) In each of the areas examined the transition zone between the Hecla Hoek rocks of Eastern New Friesland and the more highly metamorphosed belt has been observed and the evidence points to a gradual increase in metamorphism westwards with the same general series of rocks involved. The rocks have been isoclinally folded and repetition occurs more especially on the east flank of the intensely metamorphosed zone. Usually only the Lower Murchison Bay Formation appears in the more highly folded belt, but it may well be that in the Stubendorff Mountains other rocks are also included.In the northern area, west of Treurenberg Bay, Blomstrand's recognition of a central core of granitic gneiss giving way on both sides to less highly metamorphosed types still stands as the most important contribution to the interpretation of the structure. Recent examination has revealed that the sequence of events has been a folding of the Lower Murchison Bay Formation followed shortly by igneous intrusion and metamorphism of the whole.In the Gullfaxe area isoclinally folded rocks of the Lower Murchison Bay Formation are associated with a quartz-felspargneiss. We have not been able to decide what this rock was originally. It may be either a metamorphosed igneous rock or an altered arkose. It appears to be concordant with the adjacent altered sedimentaries, but may be igneous material in some way related to the large granitic intrusion which lies farther west in this latitude.In the Lomme Bay area Odell observed the transition zone.(2) In the less altered zone to the east of the Duner Glacier we have been able to recognize the members of the Murchison Bay Formation as defined by Kulling, and the correlation is set out in Table I. The least satisfactory identification is of the Salodd and Raudstup Series. According to Kulling these Series have different characteristics in the Lomme Bay area from those which they show in North-East Land, and it may be that throughout New Friesland they attain neidier the thickness nor the distinctive character which is theirs in the type area. The presence of the other members of the Murchison Bay Formation and of the remarkable Sveanor Formation is well established.
A Petrological Study of the Limestones in the Moine Series of Ardgour, Argyllshire
Authors: Drever H. I. 
Published: May 2009

Summary and Comparison with Other Areas in Scotland. Limestones in Ardgour are found to vary considerably in chemical and mineral composition. They have been subjected to high-grade metamorphism either dynamic (regional) or thermal, or sometimes to both. The dioritic intrusion has been responsible for the thermal alteration but does not show any widespread or conspicuous changes which might be due to contamination with limestone, although a certain amount of chemical exchange is apparent at some points of contact between the two. Mineral and chemical changes in some of the limestones have resulted from the metasomatizing action of solutions, the source of which is as yet uncertain. The various limestone types are found to exhibit a number of analogies with the Deeside limestone investigated by Hutchison and their petrography has been worked out in some detail.Apart from certain hornblendic types in Central Sutherland, scapolite has not been recorded in the Moine Series. In Ardgour it has a wide distribution in the limestones associated with the diorite-gneiss. Wollastonite has not been recorded elsewhere in the Moine Series. Its distribution in Ardgour is like that of scapolite; and this applies also to prehnite. It must be remembered when thus comparing the Ardgour limestones with otters in the Moine Series firstly that these have not yet been studied in detail; secondly, that they are comparatively rare, and lastly, that there is doubt regarding the systematic position of some of the “Lewisian inliers” wherein limestones occur as a considerable proportion of the paragneisses. Scapolite, according to Flett (26) is a characteristic mineral in these rocks. Wollastonite occurs also as, for example, in the Glen Urquhart “inlier” (Cunningham-Craig, 27). In the Lewisian gneisses of Coll prehnite has a wide distribution and scapolite also is of frequent occurrence (Bailey & Eyles, 28). Pyroxene-amphibole rocks similar to those in Ardgour are found in Coll, Glen Urquhart, and as xenoliths in norite (Read, 29). The mineralogical character of the limestone is, therefore, in support of the conception of their forming part of an inlier in the Moine Series. The writer hopes to publish shortly a more detailed study of the geological problems of this area.
Zones of Progressive Regional Metamorphism in the Moine Schists of the Western Highlands of Scotland
Authors: Kennedy W. Q. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe Moine Schists of Western Inverness-shire and North-West Argyll show a progressive increase in metamorphism when traced from the outcrop of the Moine Thrust-plane eastwards towards the central area of regional injection and migrnatitization. It is possible to distinguish four zones of progressive metamorphism characterized by the development of distinctive mineral assemblages in the very subordinate, but widely distributed and highly distinctive calc-silicate granulites. The easterly increase in grade is attributed to the thermal effect of the great injection complexes, and it is suggested that the Torridonian, the Tarskavaig Moine Schists, and the Moine Schists proper merely represent successive stages in the regional metamorphism of one formation.
A Starfish from the Glass Sand of Loch Aline
Authors: MacLennan Rhona M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn impression of the actinal surface of a starfish, possibly Calliderma, has been found at Loch Aline, N.W. Argyllshire, in Cretaceous white sandstone which hitherto has yielded no fossils. Indistinct traces of the ambulacral groves are present, otherwise only the outline is clearly defined. Carbonaceous matter associated suggests the fossil may have been desiccated in dry sand. The sandstone itself is a marginal deposit with millet seed frosted quartz grains of which the perfect rounding is masked by outgrowths of authigenic quartz.
Evolution of Delocrinus to Paradelocrinus, and Description of Stuartwellercrinus argentinei sp. nov.
Authors: Strimple Harrell L. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe transition of Delocrinus to Paradelocrinus is demonstrated by a group of specimens collected by Mr. Allen Graffham from the lola limestone of Kansas. Description of Paradelocrinus iolaensis sp. nov. is given, and the geological range of the Permian genus Stuartwellercrinus is taken into the Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) with the presentation of Stuartwellercrinus argentinei sp. nov. from the Wyandotte limestone of Kansas.
The Gare Loch Re-advance Moraine
Authors: Anderson J. G. C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDetailed drift mapping near the Gare Loch, Dumbartonshire, has confirmed that the loch was formerly occupied by a late valley glacier marking a re-advance contemporaneous with re-advances in the Loch Lomond and Upper Forth Valleys. The moraine of the Gare Loch glacier, which has been traced for some miles on both sides of the loch, locally rests on clays of the “ 100-ft.” sea and is overlain by “ 25-ft.” beach gravels.
The Source of Some Erratics from North-Eastern Northamptonshire and adjacent parts of Huntingdonshire
Authors: Sabine P. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA collection of erratics from the Boulder Clay and associated remanie drift of the Nene Valley includes distinctive sedimentary, igneous, pyroclastic, and metamorphic rocks. Localities are suggested from which these may have originated and it is concluded that the Upper Chalky Boulder Clay was brought by ice moving from a direction west of north.
The Age of Uraninite and Monazite from the Post-Delhi Pegmatites of Rajputana
Authors: Holmes Arthur 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUraninite and monazite collected by Dr. H. Crookshank from pegmatites occurring respectively at Bisundni and Soniana (Rajputana) have been analysed for U, Th, and Pb by Mr. A. A. Srnales, and the isotopic constitution of the lead separated from each mineral has been determined by Dr. W. T. Leland and Prof. A. O. Nier. The three ages calculated from the uraninite ratios AcD/RaG, RaG/U and AcD/U are 740, 733, and 733 m.y. The monazite is considerably altered but the corresponding ratios indicate that its age lies between 700 and 865 m.y., which is consistent with the more reliable estimate determined from the uraninite. It is shown from tectonic evidence that the Delhi erogenic belt is younger than the Satpura belt (previously dated at about 900 m.y.) and that both are younger than the Aravalli and Dharwar belts.
Hilt's Law and the Volatile Contents of Coal Seams
Authors: Jones O. T. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDr. Trotter's recent theory of devolatilization of coal seams is criticized on structural grounds and the “square law” suggested is shown to be no improvement on many other expressions of varied types. The data are best represented both for South Wales and the Kent Coalfield by Hilt's law. The influence of depth of burial on coal vegetation is discussed; loss of volatile matter is probably promoted by temperatures, but is almost certainly retarded by high pressures. The Hilt rate is controlled by the chemical-physical factors and may be influenced also by varying rates of sedimentation during the accumulation of the Coal Measures.
A Revision of the Fauna of the North WelshConocoryphe violaBeds implying a Lower Cambrian Age
Authors: Howell B. F. , Stubblefield C. J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractFossils collected during the past sixty years from the uppermost division of the approximately 2,000 ft. thick Llanberis Slates have been re-examined. All but one fossil came from the famous Penrhyn Quarries at Bethesda, Caernarvonshire. The fauna is described as containingPseudatops viola(H. Woodward),Eodiscus sp., cf. Protolenus howleyi(Walcott),Hyolithes cf. hathewayiG. F. Matthew,H. sp., and a fragmentary crustacean. The last offers no evidence of age but the remainder are considered to indicate a high Lower Cambrian horizon. Illustrations of some of these fossils are given for the first time. TheHyolithesis interpreted as carrying a pair of fin-like skeletal outgrowths and the morphological significance of these is discussed in a statement which comments on the obscure systematic position of the Hyolithidae.
An Experimental Synthesis of Quartz, Albite, and Analcite
Authors: Wilson Gilbert 
Published: May 2009

AbstractQuartz sand, sodium aluminate and water were heated together in a bomb to above the critical temperature. The apparatus was designed to give a temperature difference of about 100°C. between the two ends of the bomb. Quartz, albite, and analcite were formed in the low temperature end of the bomb.
Stone Runs of the Falkland Islands
Authors: Joyce J. R. F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe suggestions made by previous writers are summarized, and Andersson's Solifluction Theory is discussed in detail. Reasons are given why the author believes that solifluction alone could not provide the explanation. Stone runs are shown to be largely an accident of past climate and the structure and lithology of the Upper Quartzite Series rocks. A note on the economic aspect of stone runs is added.
Note on the Depth and Temperature of the Gault Sea as indicated by Foraminifera
Authors: Khan M. H. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractForaminiferal evidence in the past has been held to suggest that the Gault is a deep sea deposit—a view which conflicts with the belief held by many on geological and other palaeontological grounds that the Gault was laid down in fairly shallow water. This contradiction is due to a misinterpretation of the foraminiferal evidence which, in the opinion of the writer, favours a temperate, relatively shallow marine environment for the deposition of the Gault, at least in South-East of England.
The Devolatilization Equation for South Wales Coals
Authors: Trotter F. M. 
Published: May 2009

SummaryRecent published work on the origin of the South Wales coals has shown that the “original deposition theory” is invalid; the pronounced devolatilization of the coals is due to a cause which operated after the formation of all of the seams and the rate of change of the volatiles is governed by a function which can be expressed as an empirical equation. Nevertheless minor variations in coal seam volatiles arising from differences in original composition of vegetation are recognized, and of several examples one is given from the Northumbrian geo-syncline where the highest volatiles are in the lowest Carboniferous Limestone coals and where the extreme variation throughout a sequence of 7,000 feet of coal-bearing strata is 11%. The minor variations lessen progressively if the coal seams become devolatilized. As illustrated by examples from American and European fields, a most important factor in coal seam devolatilization is orogenic pressure with incidental frictional heat.The present basis of comparison of essential coal-substances (fixed carbon and volatiles) is shown to be empirical; a mathematical comparison should be based on the original composition of the coal (not peat) substance. it is shown that 50% fixed carbon and 50% volatiles (d.a.f.) constitute good average figures for the original composition of the coal substance of Carboniferous coals. Loss of weight in devolatilized coals is suffered only by the volatiles so that the best basis of mathematical comparison is the 50% fixed carbon (d.a.f.). The volatile percentages of the South Wales seams when calculated on this basis all show a pronounced drop in values, and on the 50% fixed carbon basis it is necessary to find a new controlling function for the rate of change of volatiles in coal seams lying in vertical sequence. It is found that this is best expressed by the following exponential equation:where v2 and v1 represent the volatiles of the lower and upper seams respectively, y is the vertical distance in feet of v2 below v1; and θ is the angle of dip of the zero plane previously determined in South Wales as 5°.
The Position of the Laki Limestone in the Eocene Succession of Western Pakistan
Authors: Eames F. E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIt has previously been thought that in Sind the Meting Limestone Laki Limestone succession was equivalent to the Bolan Limestone, and that argillaceous beds, which are occasionally developed above the Laki Limestone and below the overlying Khirthar, represented the Ghazij Shales. Recent evidence indicates that these higher argillaceous beds are the representatives of the Shales with Alabaster of the Western Punjab, that in Sind the Ghazij Shales are cut out at the Laki/Ranikot unconformity, and that the Meting Limestone-Laki Limestone succession represents calcareous horizons higher up in the Laki series than the Bolan Limestone.
An Upper Eocene Outlier at St. Ann's Hill, Chertsey
Authors: Midgley H. G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractAn outlier of the Bagshot Series occurs at St. Ann' Hill, Chertsey, where beds of the Bagshot, Bracklesham, and Barton sub-divisions are exposed. The division into these beds by pebble bed junctions is suggested. Heavy mineral analyses using percentages of fresh and abraded grains of three indicator minerals, viz. tourmaline, rutile, and zircon, suggests that the divisions postulated are justified.
Pre-Cambrian Algal Limestone in Western Australia
Authors: Fairbridge Rhodes W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractStromatolitic structures in the late Pre-Cambrian Yandanooka Series of Western Australia have been identified as calcareous algae of the genus Collenia. They are the first organic remains recognized in the Pre-Cambrian of this State. Distribution of the sediments containing these algae has been traced over 200 miles between Perth and Yandanooka. Erratic blocks of this material occur in the Permian tillites.
Axes of Active Warping in the New Zealand Seismic Region
Authors: Cotton C. A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractGeomorphic evidence is described of very recent upwarping of the shore of Hawke Bay north of Napier, and, as this is of local extent, the suggestion is made that here and in adjoining coastal districts folding is, or recently has been, in progress, with this and another upheaved rib farther to the north-east as anticlinal axes. The coastally drowned areas of Poverty Bay and the north-east and south-west corners of Hawke Bay have escaped the upheaval, and it is suggested that they occupy negative, or synclinal, axes of a fold pattern.Recorded data are insufficient to show to what extent, if at all, the axes of transverse upheaval recognized in the coastal districts extend westward across the main geanticline of the island. All or most of the axial ranges in this belt have recently been rising, however, for this is indicated by the presence of terraces in the valleys of outflowing rivers and by the fact that the vertical intervals between terraces increase upstream.
Asterozoa and the Study of Palaeozoic Faunas
Authors: Spencer W. K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper is an elaboration of the author's contribution to the 1938 British Association discussion on the distribution and migration of British Lower Palaeozoic faunas. It concerns mainly the faunas of Western Europe and North America and presents in summary the author's conclusions regarding faunal affinities and directions of immigration of the Asterozoan element in those areas. There is a notable agreement with Stubblefield's conclusions regarding the trilobite element, especially as concerns the Ordovician. The scope of the discussion is here extended to include notes on Devonian and Carboniferous faunas and some Cystid references. The paper concludes with some systematic notes, and three new generic names are proposed.
Porosity of Wind-Deposited Sands
Authors: Kolbuszewski J. , Nadolski L. , Dydacki Z. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTo investigate the problem of porosity of wind deposited sands a sample of sand similar to Libyan Desert sand was used for wind tunnel experiments. Average velocity of wind—Average Porosity Curve was obtained for the first time, proving that low wind velocity produces higher porosity than high wind velocity, and that the relationship obtained agrees with the laws governing “vertical” deposition of sands.