bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A separation between divergence and Holevo information for ensembles
Authors: JAIN RAHUL , NAYAK ASHWIN , SU YI 
Published: October 2010

The notion of divergence information of an ensemble of probability distributions was introduced by Jain, Radhakrishnan and Sen in Jain et al. (2002; 2009) in the context of the ‘substate theorem’. Since then, divergence has been recognised as a more natural measure of information in several situations in both quantum and classical communication.We construct ensembles of probability distributions for which divergence information may be significantly smaller than the more standard Holevo information. As a result, we establish that bounds previously shown for Holevo information are weaker than similar ones shown for divergence information.
Ablation of atrial tachyarrhythmias late after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Raine Dan , O’Sullivan John , Chaudhari Milind , Hamilton Leslie , Hasan Asif , Bourke John P. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackgroundPatients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot may develop symptomatic and haemodynamic deterioration for many reasons such as arrhythmia, pulmonary regurgitation, and impairment in ventricular function. We describe a consecutive group of patients whose main clinical problem was atrial tachyarrhythmias.AimsTo describe the clinical outcome of atrial tachyarrhythmias occurring late after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot; to define the circuits/foci responsible for these atrial tachyarrhythmias; to evaluate the outcome of computer-assisted mapping and catheter ablation in this patient group.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot and atrial tachyarrhythmias, who underwent catheter ablation between January, 2001 and June, 2007, were identified retrospectively from case records. Computer-assisted mapping was performed in all using either EnSite® (St Jude Medical Inc.) arrhythmia mapping and intra-cardiac catheter guidance system or CARTO™ (Biosense Webster Inc.) electroanatomical mapping systems. Ten patients (four males) with a median age of 39 plus or minus 8 years were studied. The total number of atrial tachyarrhythmias identified was 22 (six macro-reentrant, 16 micro-reentrant/focal). In nine patients, catheter ablation led to improvement in arrhythmia episodes and/or symptoms during follow-up of 41 plus or minus 20 months. Following ablation(s), five patients required pacing for pre-existing conduction disease and five needed further surgery for haemodynamic indications. All patients remained on anti-arrhythmic drugs.ConclusionsPatients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot and atrial tachyarrhythmias typically have multiple arrhythmic circuits/foci arising from a scarred right atrium. Catheter ablation reduces arrhythmia frequency and improves symptoms. However, hybrid management is often required, comprising drugs, pacing, and further surgery tailored to the individual.
Retrograde transcatheter closure of large coronary fistulas with the Amplatzer vascular plug in children
Authors: Baspinar Osman , Kervancioglu Mehmet , Aldudak Bedri 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe report a retrograde approach for the successful closure of large left coronary artery fistulas in the cases of two children using the Amplatzer vascular plug. This method simplified the procedure by eliminating the need for making an arteriovenous loop.
‘Even in the remotest corners of the world’: globalized piracy and international law, 1500–1900
Authors: Kempe Michael 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAs a phenomenon accompanying European expansion, piracy and privateering spread globally, beginning in the sixteenth century. These activities, and their handling within transnational relations, shed light on several issues of modern international law, then under formation. They reflect different basic problems that both challenged and structured central aspects of legal relations on an international level: the transformation of ocean spaces into areas of colliding legal strategies, the use of privateers (‘legalized’ pirates) as a tool for extraterritorial expansion, the involvement of non-state players in international legal relations, the fragmentation of maritime sovereignty, and the application of international law to criminalize political resistance as piracy. That said, the international management of piracy shows that international law had the potential to resist its abuse as a mere instrument of politics and special interests. By focusing on piracy and privateering in early modern times, this article suggests a tension within modern international law, between its instrumentalization by particular interests and its status as an independent normative authority to correct or regulate such interests.
Mobilizing labour in African agriculture: the role of the International Colonial Institute in the elaboration of a standard of colonial administration, 1895–1930
Authors: Daviron Benoit 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHow could labour be mobilized for the production of agricultural commodities in colonial lands? This question was discussed by European powers on many occasions between 1895 and 1930, within the International Colonial Institute (ICI). Three key phases and issues can be identified in these debates relating to Africa: the recruitment of Indian indentured labour (1895–1905); the recruitment and management of indigenous peoples as paid labourers (1905–1918); and the mobilization of indigenous smallholder agriculture (1918–1930). During the whole period under study, the use of constraint, and its legitimacy, appear as a permanent feature of ICI debates. Associated first with European plantations, the use of force became a means to mobilize native farmers in accordance with the conceptions of colonial administrations regarding good agricultural practices. In addition, the ICI’s vision of colonial realities evolved from an out-of-date position during the first and second phases to a forward-looking one during the third phase, albeit one quite unrealistic in the scope of its ambition.
Bountiful’s plural marriages
Authors: Campbell Angela 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBountiful, British Columbia is Canada’s only openly polygamous community. Public discussions about Bountiful suggest that the only form of marriage practised there is polygamous, and that this is usually harmful to women and children. This article suggests that this monolithic representation of marriage in Bountiful misses the conjugal pluralism that exists in this community. Part I sets out the typical portrayal of marriage in Bountiful offered by Canadian public and political discussions. Part II contrasts this portrayal with five stories about marriage in Bountiful that the author observed or was told about while conducting field research. These stories indicate that conjugal heterogeneity is both existent and accepted in Bountiful. They also suggest that, in becoming and being a wife in Bountiful, women can experience varying degrees of choice and agency. All of this is relevant to exploring how a fuller recognition of the conjugal diversity and choices that may exist in a place like Bountiful might affect formal juridical approaches to polygamy.
Status of Taiwan Photon Source front end in National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
Authors: Sheng I. C. , Kuan C. K. , Cheng Y. T. , Yan Y. H. , Hsiung G. Y. , Chen J. R. , Chen C. L. 
Published: October 2010

National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) in Taiwan has initialized the construction of Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) synchrotron accelerator project. This 3 GeV, 500 mA beam current third-generation synchrotron accelerator will have a total of seven insertion device beam lines at day 1 after commissioning. That is, there will be one 2 × EPU48, five IU22 and one U5 undulator beamline. Corresponding front end components such as fixed masks, photon beam position monitor, photon absorber, slits and heavy metal shutter have been designed; manufacturing of these subsystems are on the way. Several prototype assemblies are completed, tested and will be reported in this paper.
MIRIAM Resources: next steps
Authors: Laibe Camille 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis presentation gives a short introduction of MIRIAM Resources ("http://www.ebi.ac.uk/miriam/":http://www.ebi.ac.uk/miriam/), a robust annotation and cross referencing framework, based on URNs.The presentation also explains some potential issues with the current system and presents a possible solution.Finally, the presentation introduces some forthcoming and suggested updates and extensions to the current infrastructure.
The river-refuge hypothesis and other contributions of Marcio Ayres to conservation science
Authors: Dávalos Liliana , Pinedo-Vasquez Miguel 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFor more than a century, biogeographers have sought to explain the large number of species found in Amazonian forests. The role of rivers as barriers to dispersal was recognized early on and this was the first evolutionary hypothesis to explain Amazonian diversity. Most of the recent debate on speciation in the Amazon has focused on the role of Pleistocene refugia. The methods of refuge biogeography helped shape early conservation priorities in Amazonia, although actual plans did not directly depend on the conceptual strengths or weaknesses of refugia biogeography. These approaches viewed people mostly as threats, though not always explicitly. Based on his work on primate distribution Marcio Ayres formulated a synthetic speciation theory, the river-refuge hypothesis. The river-refuge model successfully resolved some of the historical and technical challenges of the earlier hypotheses. His work in varzea conservation, informed by this conceptual brealthrough, recognized that the maintenance of processes is at least as important as species numbers in prioritizing action. The work of Marcio Ayres broadened the scope of conservation in Amazonia by moving beyond the model of people-as-threats, and this as great a conceptual contribution to conservation as anyone could make.
Guiltless Gluttony: The Asymmetric Effect of Size Labels on Size Perceptions and Consumption
Authors: Aydinoğlu Nİlüfer Z. , Krishna Aradhna 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Size labels adopted by food vendors can have a major impact on size judgments and consumption. In forming size judgments, consumers integrate the actual size information from the stimuli with the semantic cue from the size label. Size labels influence not only size perception and actual consumption, they also affect perceived consumption. Size labels can also result in relative perceived size reversals, so that consumers deem a smaller package to be bigger than a larger one. Further, consumers are more likely to believe a label that professes an item to be smaller (vs. larger) in the size range associated with that item. This asymmetric effect of size labels can result in larger consumption without the consumer even being aware of it (“guiltless gluttony”).
Accuracy of heartbeat perception is reflected in the amplitude of the heartbeat‐evoked brain potential
Authors: Pollatos Olga , Schandry Rainer 
Published: October 2010

AbstractNeurotransmission from the heart to the brain results in a heartbeat‐evoked potential (HEP). In this study, the influence of the ability to detect one's heartbeats based on the HEP was examined. According to their results in a heartbeat perception task, subjects were classified as good (n=18) or poor (n=26) heartbeat perceivers. EEG, EOG, and ECG were recorded while participants attended to their heartbeats. The R‐wave of the ECG served as a trigger for EEG averaging. In the latency range of 250–350 ms after the ECG R‐wave, the HEP amplitude at the right central location was significantly higher in good heartbeat perceivers. A significantly positive correlation was observed between the heartbeat perception score and the mean HEP amplitude. Our results confirm that the accuracy of heartbeat perception is reflected in the amplitude of the HEP. Thus, the HEP may be a suitable research tool for the study of brain processes related to visceral perception.
‘I am the face of success’: peer mentors in child welfare
Authors: Berrick Jill D. , Young Elizabeth W. , Cohen Ed , Anthony Elizabeth 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTChild welfare systems have struggled to create innovative, culturally sensitive programmes to address the multiple and pervasive barriers that exist in engaging child welfare parent clients in their service plans. Peer mentor programmes—those in which parents who have successfully navigated the child welfare system and reunified with their children, mentor parents newly entering the system—are designed to address some of these barriers, to improve reunification outcomes. Focus groups with parent clients (n = 25) and interviews with peer mentors (n = 6) were conducted to identify the characteristics of peer mentoring programmes that are critically helpful to parent clients, as well as the mechanisms that allow peer mentors to be effective in their work. The qualitative analysis uncovered three general themes to which both parents and peer mentors frequently referred in interviews—the value of shared experiences, communication and support. Additionally, the study found that peer mentorship has positive effects not only on parent clients but also on the mentors themselves. The inclusion of peer mentors in child welfare practice suggests an important paradigm shift within child welfare that could lead to culture change for the field.
Attention to social stimuli and facial identity recognition skills in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Wilson C. E. , Brock J. , Palermo R. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBackground  Previous research suggests that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a reduced preference for viewing social stimuli in the environment and impaired facial identity recognition.Methods  Here, we directly tested a link between these two phenomena in 13 ASD children and 13 age‐matched typically developing (TD) controls. Eye movements were recorded while participants passively viewed visual scenes containing people and objects. Participants also completed independent matching tasks for faces and objects.Results and Conclusions  Behavioural data showed that participants with ASD were impaired on both face‐ and object‐matching tasks relative to TD controls. Eye‐tracking data revealed that both groups showed a strong bias to orient towards people. TD children spent proportionally more time looking at people than objects; however, there was no difference in viewing times between people and objects in the ASD group. In the ASD group, an individual's preference for looking first at the people in scenes was associated with level of face recognition ability. Further research is required to determine whether a causal relationship exists between these factors.
Sexual dimorphism in intra‐ and interspecific competitive ability of the dioecious herb Mercurialis annua
Authors: Sánchez‐Vilas J. , Turner A. , Pannell J. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractMales and females of dioecious plant species often show different responses to competition with individuals of the same or opposite gender, but almost no data are available on the outcome of competition with members of other species. Here, we show that male and female individuals of the wind‐pollinated herb Mercurialis annua are sexually dimorphic in both their intraspecific and interspecific competitive abilities. In a controlled experiment, we found that both sexes of M. annua were negatively affected by interspecific competition, but the sensitivity of males and females depended on the identity of their competitor species, with females tending to suppress the aboveground growth of competitor species more than males. Further, we found that intrasexual and intersexual competition affected the aboveground growth of males but not that of females: only males showed a significant reduction in growth when growing with conspecific competitors (male or female). We discuss our results with reference to related studies that suggest that males and females of M. annua have different resource requirements for reproduction, which in turn affect their competitive abilities.
Effect of Ovine Granulocyte‐Macrophage Colony‐stimulating Factor on Bovine In Vitro Embryo Development and Blastocyst Interferon‐τ Secretion
Authors: Hickman CF , Ainslie A , Ealy AD , Ashworth CJ , Rooke JA 
Published: October 2010

ContentsThis experiment examined the effects of including recombinant ovine granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GMCSF) in in vitro culture on secretion of interferon‐τ (IFNT) by bovine blastocysts. At 32 h post‐insemination (p.i.), cleaved bovine zygotes were selected and incubated with or without GMCSF for either 48 h only (between 32 and 80 h p.i., Early) or until day 9 p.i. (Throughout). Concentrations of GMCSF (ng/ml) examined were as follows: Experiment 1: 2, 5, 10 and 50 (Early only); Experiment 2: 50 (Early and Throughout); Experiment 3: 2 and 10 (Early and Throughout). In none of the experiments did GMCSF have an effect (p > 0.05) on the numbers of blastocysts formed or blastocyst characteristics as assessed by cell number, proportion of apoptotic cells or oxidation of pyruvate. When GMCSF was included in culture medium between 32 and 80 h p.i. (Early), IFNT concentrations were lower (in media drops recovered after culture of groups of embryos for 48 h between days 7 and 9 p.i. and normalized by the numbers of blastocysts developing within each drop) compared to no inclusion of GMCSF or GMCSF present Throughout culture (Experiment 2, p > 0.05; Experiment 3, p = 0.038). IFNT was present in media drops in which groups of embryos had been incubated between days 7 and 9 p.i. but in which no blastocysts had developed. Experimental treatment did not influence (p > 0.05) IFNT secretion by blastocysts incubated individually for 24 h. However, during the 24‐h individual culture, blastocysts recovered on day 7 secreted less IFNT than blastocysts recovered on day 8 (mean ± SE; 15 ± 1.3 v 30 ± 3.6 pg/ml; p < 0.001). In conclusion, in contrast to previous studies in the ovine, GMCSF did not increase IFNT secretion but in agreement with the ovine did not affect bovine blastocyst development.
Diseases of the Understanding and the Need for Philosophical Therapy
Authors: Fischer Eugen 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe paper develops and addresses a major challenge for therapeutic conceptions of philosophy of the sort increasingly attributed to Wittgenstein. To be substantive and relevant, such conceptions have to identify “diseases of the understanding” from which philosophers suffer, and to explain why these “diseases” need to be cured in order to resolve or overcome important philosophical problems. The paper addresses this challenge in three steps: With the help of findings and concepts from cognitive linguistics and cognitive psychology, it redevelops the Wittgensteinian notion of “philosophical pictures.” Through a case study on seminal versions of familiar mind‐body problems, it examines how such pictures shape philosophical reflection and generate ill‐motivated but captivating problems. Third, it shows that philosophical pictures are constitutive of “diseases of the understanding,” in a quite strict sense of the term. On this basis, the paper explains when and why philosophical therapy is required.
Does It Matter if Preschool Children and Mothers Discuss Positive vs. Negative Events During Reminiscing? Links with Mother‐reported Attachment, Family Emotional Climate, and Socioemotional Development
Authors: Laible Deborah 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the differential relations between mother–child reminiscing about a positive emotional event vs. a negative emotional event and attachment security, family climate, and young children's socioemotional development. Fifty preschool children (M age = 50.69 months, SD = 4.64) and their mothers completed two reminiscing conversations at the laboratory, which were coded for emotion‐laden discourse, affect, and elaboration, and children completed measures of emotional understanding and representations of relationships. At their homes, mothers completed the attachment Q‐sort and the self‐report family inventory. Both attachment security and family climate were related to the quality of mother–child affect and maternal elaboration during both positive and negative reminiscing conversations. Attachment security and family climate, however, were principally related to discussion of emotion during the negative event discussions. In addition, it was mother–child reminiscing about the negative emotional event that was associated with high levels of children's socioemotional development.
ITPA gene variant protects against anemia induced by pegylated interferon‐α and ribavirin therapy for Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Sakamoto Naoya , Tanaka Yasuhito , Nakagawa Mina , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Nishiguchi Shuhei , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Azuma Seishin , Nishimura‐Sakurai Yuki , Kakinuma Sei , Nishida Nao , Tokunaga Katsushi , Honda Masao , Ito Kiyoaki , Mizokami Masashi , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: October 2010

Aim:  Host genetic variants leading to inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) deficiency, a condition not thought to be clinically important, protect against hemolytic anemia in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving ribavirin. In this study, we evaluated the clinical significance of ITPA variants in Japanese hepatitis C patients who were treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin.Methods:  In this multicenter retrospective cross‐sectional study, 474 hepatitis C patients were enrolled who were treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in four geographically different hospitals in Japan. Patients were grouped according to hemoglobin decline of more than 3 g/dL at week 4. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within or adjacent to the ITPA gene (rs6051702, rs1127354) were genotyped.Results:  A functional SNP, rs1127354, within the ITPA exon was strongly associated with protection against anemia with only one (0.8%) in 129 patients with the ITPA minor variant A developing severe anemia (P = 5.9 × 10−20). For rs6051702, which had significant association in European‐Americans, significant but weak association with severe hemoglobin reduction was found in Japanese (P = 0.009). In patients excluding genotype 1b and high viral load, those with the ITPA minor variant A achieved significantly higher sustained viral response rate than those with the major variant (CC) (96% vs 70%, respectively, P = 0.0066).Conclusion:  ITPA SNP, rs1127354, is confirmed to be a useful predictor of ribavirin‐induced anemia in Japanese patients. Patients with the ITPA minor variant A (∼27%) have an advantage in pegylated interferon plus ribavirin‐based therapies, due to expected adherence of ribavirin doses, resulting in a higher viral clearance rate.
Alleviating Cancer Drug Toxicity by Inhibiting a Bacterial Enzyme
Authors: Wallace Bret D. , Wang Hongwei , Lane Kimberly T. , Scott John E. , Orans Jillian , Koo Ja Seol , Venkatesh Madhukumar , Jobin Christian , Yeh Li-An , Mani Sridhar , Redinbo Matthew R. 
Published: November 2010

Blocking Interfering MicrobesIrinotecan is a widely used anticancer pro-drug that is converted in the liver into the active form, but when it gets into the gut, the normally benign microbial flora can convert it into the toxic form, which kills the rapidly multiplying gut epithelium as it would kill rapidly dividing tumor cells, and thus causes diarrhea.Wallaceet al.(p.831; see the Perspective byPatel and Kaufmann) used high-throughput screening to identify inhibitors that target the offending bacterial enzyme, β-glucuronidase, without killing the bacteria or affecting orthologous mammalian enzymes. Crystal structures revealed the molecular basis of selectivity, and in vivo studies showed that an inhibitor protected mice from irinotecan-induced toxicity.