bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Children with Autistic Traits More or Less Creative? Links between Autistic Traits and Creative Attributes in Children
Authors: Smees Rebecca , Simner Julia , Rinaldi Louisa J. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAutistic traits are found throughout the general population, but their link to creative attributes has received little attention in childhood populations. In adults, autistic traits are linked to both creative benefits and disadvantages, moderated by the autistic trait and the creative domain under investigation. The current study investigates the link between autistic traits and creative attributes (creative personality traits, creative talent, creative artistic choices) in children aged 10–14 years. Autistic traits were measured using the Adolescent‐AQ, both globally (AQ‐Total) and for individual subscales (AQ‐Attention to detail, AQ‐Imagination, and “AQ‐Core”, i.e., combining AQ‐Social skills, AQ‐Attention switching, AQ‐Communication). Using child and parent reports, data from 149 children revealed an association between autistic traits and creative personality traits (both positive and negative) while also showing a (weaker) relationship with creative artistic choices. Global and core autistic symptoms negatively predicted creative personality traits. At the same time, AQ‐Imagination predicted lower creative attributes across nearly all creative domains. Finally, and in contrast, AQ‐Attention to detail positively predicted a number of creative attributes (i.e., creative personality traits, creative talent). Our results show how autistic traits map to a range of creative attributes, across children in the general population.
Chromatographic purification of C‐phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis: assessing antioxidant activity and stability
Authors: Duman Yonca , Tufan Gamze 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe efficient separation and purification of proteins like C‐phycocyanin (C‐PC) from Spirulina platensis are essential for their commercialization, yet they remain challenging. This study investigated three chromatographic methods for C‐PC purification: weak anion exchange chromatography (DEAE), strong anion exchange chromatography (Q Sepharose), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC).RESULTSWeak anion exchange chromatography achieved a recovery of 36.80 mg unit (57.08%) with a purity of 3.23, outperforming Q Sepharose (yield: 23.21 mg unit means that 46.33%, purity: 2.76) and HIC (yield: 22.95 mg unit means that 17.57%, purity: 3.02). The purified C‐PC consisted of α and β subunits with molecular masses of 16 kDa and 17 kDa, respectively. Further assessment revealed its antioxidant capacity through a 2,2'‐Azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. The stability of C‐phycocyanin was tested at different pH levels and temperatures. Maximum stability was observed at pH 7, and pH 4 showed the lowest stability. Glutaraldehyde‐treated C‐PC (GC‐PC) demonstrated gradual degradation up to 50 °C, retaining 73.25% after 30 min. Notably, GC‐PC exhibited stability even at higher temperatures, with degradation rates of 57.32% at 70 °C and 50.96% at 80 °C.CONCLUSIONWeak anion exchange chromatography proved superior for C‐PC purification, offering higher yields and purity than Q Sepharose and HIC. The purified C‐PC showed promising antioxidant capacity and stability, particularly GC‐PC, which exhibited resistance to degradation, even at elevated temperatures. These findings underscore the potential of C‐PC as a valuable compound for various applications, with DEAE chromatography being an efficient method for its production and commercialization. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mechanistic insights into chemical corrosion of AA1050 in ethanol‐blended fuels with water contamination via phase field modeling
Authors: Gazenbiller Eugen , Arya Visheet , Reitz Rüdiger , Oechsner Matthias , Zheludkevich Mikhail L. , Höche Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAluminum alloys are widely used in automotive construction, and since the introduction of biogenic ethanol into fuels, the issue of nonaqueous alcoholate corrosion has become an important topic. In this paper, the kinetics of AA1050 temperature‐induced alcoholate pitting corrosion are examined experimentally with a specially constructed microreactor. The generated data are utilized to create a phase field model for the pit growth phase. The effects of ethanol‐blend composition and water content are quantitatively assessed and simulated. Phase field simulations allow for the first time the mechanistic characterization of the chemical corrosion process with a water content of up to 0.3% and an estimation of relevant reaction parameters at temperatures of up to 150°C. The approach can further be utilized to develop strategies for minimizing corrosion risk in‐service.
Revealing the strength and toughness mechanisms of ductile iron in three heat‐treatment processes
Authors: Lin Z. , Jin L. , Chen J. , Chen L. , Zheng Y. , Tu F. , Zhu X. , Wu X. , Cao Y. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicrostructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the ductile iron in three heat treatment processes (normalizing, quenching + high‐temperature tempering and isothermal quenching) were investigated in this paper. The pearlite and ferrite with large‐sized spherical graphites can be obtained in the normalized sample, and the spherical graphites with relatively large size can still be observed in the mechanical mixture of tempered martensite and acicular ferrite for the quenched‐tempered sample. Meanwhile, the lower bainite accompanied with the relatively fine spherical graphites are existed in the isothermal‐quenched sample. The difference of tensile strength is mainly caused by the phase composition, distribution and size of the spherical graphites and the effect of the solid solution strengthening. The weaker degree of the debonding damage, higher proportion of high‐angle grain boundaries will improve the impact toughness of the ductile iron. In a word, the optimum combination of strength and toughness is acquired by using isothermal quenching, and the tensile strength and impact toughness are ~1350 MPa and ~10.62 J, respectively.
Synthesis and wear characterization of Al7075/molybdenum disulfide/zirconium diboride hybrid composites
Authors: Dubey M. , Kumar N. , Mohan S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe manuscript presents the synthesis and dry sliding wear performance of Al7075 alloy‐based composites. Five compositions namely Al7075 alloy, Al7075+3 vol % molybdenum disulfide, Al7075+3 vol % molybdenum disulfide+3 vol % zirconium diboride, Al7075+3 vol % molybdenum disulfide+6 vol % zirconium diboride and Al7075+3 vol % molybdenum disulfide+9 vol % zirconium diboride were stir cast and characterized for hardness, x‐ray diffraction, microstructure, and tribological properties. In‐situ formed zirconium diboride particles increase the hardness of Al7075 alloy whereas molybdenum disulfide shows the opposite trend due to its self‐lubricating nature. X‐ray diffraction analysis identifies subsequent phase particles in the matrix while microstructural images exhibit the dispersion and morphology of reinforcement particles. The wear tests and friction coefficient were analyzed with variations of sliding velocity, normal load, sliding distance, and compositions. Further, the obtained wear results were also correlated with microstructure and wear surface topography. Al7075+3 vol % molybdenum disulfide composite shows the lowest coefficient of friction because of its self‐lubricating nature. Al7075+3 vol % molybdenum disulfide+9 vol % zirconium diboride hybrid composite exhibits the lowest wear rate at high velocity as well as at high load and can be potentially used in manufacturing and tribological applications. Moreover, the use of this material may lead to the minimum requirement of external toxic lubricants that make it cost‐effective and environmentally sustainable.
Improved photocatalytic performance via air‐plasma modification of titanium dioxide: Insights from experiments and simulations
Authors: Ugwumadu C. , Olaniyan I. , Jeong H. K. , Drabold D. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCommercial titanium dioxide is successfully plasma‐treated under ambient conditions for different periods, leading to reduced crystallite size and the creation of oxygen vacancies. Density functional theory‐based calculations reveal the emergence of additional localized states close to the conduction band, primarily associated with under‐coordinated titanium atoms in non‐stoichiometric titanium‐oxide systems. The plasma‐treated samples exhibit improved photocatalytic performance in the degradation of methylene blue compared to untreated samples. Moreover, the 4‐hour plasma‐treated photocatalyst demonstrates commendable stability and reusability. This work highlights the potential of cost‐effective plasma treatment as a simple modification technique to significantly enhance the photocatalytic capabilities of titanium‐oxide materials.
Syndactylized glabrous flaps for multiple finger palmar defects
Authors: Güntürk Özgün Barış , Erol Kubilay , Gürbüz Yusuf , Kayalar Murat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPalmar finger or pulp defects require coverage with glabrous tissue to achieve a good match with the lost tissue. The management of multiple finger palmar or pulp defects is challenging because these defects may not always be suitable for local or pedicled flaps. In such situations, syndactylizing free or pedicled flaps can be used.Patients and methodsWe evaluated the results of free glabrous flaps syndactylizing across multiple finger defects. The two flaps used were the superficial branch of the radial artery (SUPBRA) flap and hypothenar free flap. Seven syndactylized glabrous free flaps were used to cover the defects in 16 fingers. The functional results and complaints were also assessed.ResultsMean flap size was 14.35 cm2. Six flaps survived. Postoperative evaluation data were obtained for the 13 fingers. All the patients returned to their previous work. All patients had a diminished protective sensation of at least 4.31 according to the SWM test. The mean two‐point discrimination score of the patients was 9.9 mm (7–14). One finger had a PIP joint flexion contracture of 30°, no donor‐site complaints were observed.ConclusionThe advantages of these flaps include single operation site, strong glabrous tissue coverage, low risk of flexion contracture, and adequate tissue size for large defects. Disadvantages include two‐stage and complex microsurgical operations, prolonged treatment, and hospital stay.
Role of parental smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure in childhood cancer: A study using hair cotinine analysis and questionnaires
Authors: Guzel Adil , Tacyildiz Nurdan , Bakar‐Ates Filiz , Ozyoruk Derya , Celik Aybuke , Dincaslan Handan , Unal Emel Cabi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn the etiology of childhood cancers, many genetic and environmental factors play a role. One of these factors could be cigarette smoking, and the main source of tobacco smoke exposure of children is parental smoking. However, establishing a causal relationship between parental smoking and childhood cancers has proven challenging due to difficulties in accurately detecting tobacco smoke exposureMethodsTo address this issue, we used hair cotinine analysis and a questionnaire to get information about tobacco smoke exposures of pediatric cancer patients and healthy children. A total of 104 pediatric cancer patients and 99 healthy children participated in our study. Parental smoking behaviors (pre‐conceptional, during pregnancy, and current smoking) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposures of children are compared.ResultsWe have found no differences between two groups by means of maternal smoking behaviors. However, the rates of paternal pre‐conceptional smoking and smoking during pregnancy were significantly low in cancer patients (p < .05). These data suggest that social desirability bias among fathers of cancer patients may have contributed to this discrepancy. According to questionnaire, cancer patients had significantly lower ETS exposures than healthy children (p < .05). However, ETS exposure assessment through cotinine analysis demonstrated that cancer patients had higher exposure to ETS compared to healthy children (p < .001).ConclusionOur findings provide evidence supporting the potential role of smoking as a risk factor for childhood cancers. This study also revealed that questionnaires could cause biases. We suggest that cotinine analysis along with validated questionnaires can be used to prevent biases in studies of tobacco smoke in the etiology of childhood cancers.
Forensic analysis of suicide deaths: Comparing forensic information with public information and investigating factors contributing to psychiatric consultations
Authors: Murakami Ryu , Kamikubo Atsushi , Morioka Daigo , Kuroki Hisanaga 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the usefulness of forensic information on suicide deaths in Japan for epidemiological studies on suicide and determine the factors that lead people with suicidal ideation to seek psychiatric care prior to attempting suicide.MethodsWe focused on forensic information of 514 suicide deaths that occurred in Osaka City in 2019. First, to examine whether the data used in this study can be generalized to these cases, we compared the information on suicide deaths officially published by Osaka City with that used in this study, utilizing Pearson's χ2 test. Next, the forensic data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis to confirm the relationship between demographic factors and the likelihood of having a history of psychiatric consultation before suicide.ResultsBoth the official information and the data used in this study showed a higher number of males than females who died by suicide, with no significant differences in values between the data sets. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant correlations. More females were associated with seeking a psychiatric consultation. However, those with regular jobs or students were more likely to avoid a psychiatric consultation.ConclusionThe findings of this study provide insights into the phenomenon of suicide deaths by using a forensic perspective. The results of this study suggest that psychiatric consultation may be effective in reducing deaths by suicide. Forensic data should be incorporated into the formulation of suicide‐prevention policies in Japan to conduct a more multifaceted analysis and improve suicide‐prevention measures.
A Concentrically Moveable Erosion Zone Magnetron for In Operando Tailoring of Alloy Nanoparticles in a Gas Aggregation Source
Authors: Drewes Jonas , Ziegler Florian , Morisch Michael , Lemke Jonathan , Rehders Stefan , Ellermann Frowin , Strunskus Thomas , Faupel Franz , Vahl Alexander 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne particularly interesting approach for the deposition of highly pure nanoparticles (NPs) in a solvent‐ and surfactant‐free process is the gas phase synthesis of nanoparticles using a gas aggregation source (GAS) based on magnetron sputtering. Apart from the possibility of tuning the NP size‐distribution via process parameters, e.g., gas flow, pressure, and aggregation length, multicomponent targets in a GAS enable in operando composition tuning of alloy NPs. However, in the practical application of the GAS, two main challenges have to be addressed: low target utilization and low conversion efficiency. This work describes a magnetron with a concentrically moveable erosion zone (cMEZ magnetron), and showcases its applicability for the deposition of metal (Cu) and metal alloy (CuNi) NPs via GAS. The cMEZ magnetron relies on an in operando reconfigurable outer magnet array, which enables tuning of the position of the erosion zone, impacting target utilization. By weighting the targets and substrates before and after deposition, the conversion efficiency is determined for different operating pressures and magnet configurations. Furthermore, the multicomponent target approach is tested with the cMEZ magnetron, which enabled the in operando composition tuning of the Ni content in CuNi NPs from ≈5 to ≈35 at% only by varying the magnetic field.
Small work pleasures and two types of well‐being
Authors: Strauss Claudia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDoes wage labor contribute to well‐being beyond providing an income? Well‐being can be understood in eudaimonic terms as the happiness derived from a socially valued life or in hedonic terms as the experience of pleasure. The eudaimonic–hedonic divide is replicated in competing progressive visions of the place of work in a good life. Laborist theories stress the centrality of paid work for a meaningful life. By contrast, for post‐work theories, pleasure is important for well‐being, and work is generally not expected to be pleasurable. Surprisingly, many of the participants in my study of diverse US job seekers described one or more of the jobs they had held as “fun.” Fun connotes enjoyment without deeper meaning, a hedonic rather than eudaimonic account of nonfinancial work rewards. What made a job fun were small work pleasures: enjoyment of the tasks and feeling competent at them, enjoyment of the physical work environment, or enjoyment of social relations on the job. These small pleasures could be found in both standard and nonstandard, precarious jobs. This study indicates the need for a labor politics that improves hedonic well‐being on the job. It also expands an “anthropology of the good” to include ordinary enjoyment.
Ultra‐Fast Preparation of High‐Strength Polymer Concrete via Frontal Polymerization at Room Temperature
Authors: Sun Jiongfeng , Wang Rui , Xue Guangjie , Qiao Guofu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConcrete, in particular application scenarios, such as crack repair, disaster rescue and relief, and 3D printing, needs to be cured quickly. In this work, a novel synthesis strategy, UV‐initiated frontal polymerization (FP), for fast preparation of high‐strength polymer concrete at room temperature is proposed, and the whole fabrication progress within several minutes, in which coarse aggregates and a small amount of short carbon fibers (CF) are used to enhance mechanical properties and heat conduction and reduce the amounts of chemical adhesives. SEM, DSC, MIP, Ultra depth of field microscope, and Rheometer are employed to characterize the properties of chemical adhesives, polymer concrete, and polymerization process. In addition, the finite element method is used to investigate the internal temperature field status of the FP process. The results indicate that the compressive and flexural strengths of the polymer concrete with 1.0 wt%‐1 mm‐CF‐50 vol.%‐quartz sand exceeded 70 and 20 MPa, respectively, in which the average self‐propagation velocity reached 58 mm min−1. The investigation provides a promising approach for the rapid construction of structural facilities, emergency repair after disasters, 3D printing concrete, etc.
Identification of Codonopsis Radix from different sources by integrating high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting with chemometric approaches and Lobetyolin determination
Authors: Liu Xuxia , Liu Xiaoling , Wang Xin , Chen Zhengjun , Nan Danhui , Luo Wenrong , Yang Fude 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCodonopsis Radix (CR) is often used as both a medicine and a food ingredient. However, identifying CR can be difficult due to various factors such as variety, sulfur fumigation, and storage time. Consequently, a comprehensive strategy based on fingerprinting and chemometric approaches was developed to distinguish different CRs. First, the fingerprints of CR were acquired by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Secondly, various chemical pattern recognition methods were employed to identify CR. Additionally, 14 and 16 major compounds were identified as marker compounds to differentiate between different varieties and sulfur‐fumigated samples, respectively. Furthermore, the amount of Lobetyolin present in different samples was determined, showing that the content of Lobetyolin varied significantly across the samples. Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.Shen had the highest content of Lobetyolin, followed by Codonopsis tangshen Oliv., and Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. In addition, the content of Lobetyolin was highest when it was non‐sulfur‐fumigated and stored for 0 years. Conclusively, HPLC fingerprint in conjunction with chemical pattern recognition and component content determination, can be employed to differentiate different varieties and sulfur‐fumigated CR. Additionally, it is a reliable, comprehensive, simple, and rapid method for the identification of CR.
The Multiscale Structural Properties and In‐Vitro Digestibility of High Amylose Corn Starch During Autoclaving‐Cooling Treatment
Authors: Li Qiushuang , Ma Lei , Liu Jun , Cheng Yongqiang , Liang Jianfen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the relationship between multiscale structural properties in high amylose corn starch (HACS) and its in‐vitro digestibility by analyzing the effects of autoclaving‐cooling treatment (ACT). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows that HACS displays a higher gelatinization temperature, wider endothermic gelatinization range, and higher enthalpy. Autoclaved corn starch exhibits enhanced thermal stability than the raw corn starch. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows that ACT does not change the crystalline type but increases the relative crystallinity (RC). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicates that HACS exhibits a higher degree of order (DO) and double helixes (DHs) than normal corn starch (NCS), which are reduced by ACT. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that HACS displays denser structures and smaller particle morphologies than NCS. After ACT, the granular of autoclaved corn starch shows a rough fiber network structure. Digestibility analysis reveals a positive correlation between the amylose content and resistant starch (RS) level in raw starch, while ACT promotes significant RS formation. This suggests that amylose promotes ordered structure formation, while autoclaving increased digestive resistance.
Utilizing ensemble machine learning and gray wolf optimization to predict the compressive strength of silica fume mixtures
Authors: Javid Alireza , Toufigh Vahab 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe concrete compressive strength is essential for the design and durability of concrete infrastructure. Silica fume (SF), as a cementitious material, has been shown to improve the durability and mechanical properties of concrete. This study aims to predict the compressive strength of concrete containing SF by dual‐objective optimization to determine the best balance between accurate prediction and model simplicity. A comprehensive dataset of 2995 concrete samples containing SF was collected from 36 peer‐reviewed studies ranging from 5% to 30% by cement weight. Input variables included curing time, SF content, water‐to‐cement ratio, aggregates, superplasticizer levels, and slump characteristics in the modeling process. The gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm was applied to create a model that balances parsimony with an acceptable error threshold. A determination coefficient (R2) of 0.973 demonstrated that the CatBoost algorithm emerged as a superior predictive tool within the boosting ensemble context. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the model, identifying curing time as the predominant influence on the compressive strength of SF‐containing concrete. To further enhance the applicability of this research, the authors proposed a web application that facilitates users to estimate the compressive strength using the optimized CatBoost algorithm by following the link: https://sf-concrete-cs-prediction-by-javid-toufigh.streamlit.app/.