bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphisms Identify Pacific Ocean Perch and Delineate Blackspotted and Rougheye Rockfish
Authors: Garvin Michael R. , Marcotte Robert W. , Palof Katie J. , Riley Rachel J. , Kamin Lisa M. , Gharrett Anthony J. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDiagnostic single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that delineate Pacific ocean perchSebastes alutusfrom other rockfish species and distinguish rougheye rockfishS. aleutianusand blackspotted rockfishS. melanostictuswere developed from restriction endonuclease site differences in mitochondrial DNA sequences. The SNP developed for Pacific ocean perch was specific to that species in a panel of adult rockfishes common in Alaskan waters and positively recognized all of 994 adult specimens for reactions in which polymerase chain reaction product was obtained. Species‐specific microsatellite alleles (Sma6) and SNPs were concordant in 113 blackspotted and 26 rougheye rockfish. Five additional individuals were heterozygous for the microsatellite alleles and are presumably hybrids. These SNP markers, which are substantially faster to assay and much less labor‐intensive than restriction site analyses, can be used to identify individuals of any life stage during abundance surveys and provide necessary species identification in ecological and life history studies.
The Determinants of Internationalization: Evidence from the Wine Industry
Authors: Olmos Marta Fernández 
Published: August 2011

AbstractRelatively few empirical analyses have attempted to understand the export behavior of small and medium‐sized enterprises, and even fewer have examined the wine industry. The purpose of this research is to apply the resource‐based view to investigate the determinants of international expansion in the wine industry. Using a sample of 177 firms in the qualified appellation of origin (DOC) Rioja wine sector, we have found that process innovations are not a determinant of internationalization. However, the results show a positive and significant link between a firm's marketing activities and its level of internationalization. Our findings provide policy‐makers with some factors to encourage exports in the wine industry.
Hypoalbuminaemia and incident heart failure in older adults
Authors: Filippatos Gerasimos S. , Desai Ravi V. , Ahmed Mustafa I. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Love Thomas E. , Aban Inmaculada B. , Iskandrian Ami E. , Konstam Marvin A. , Ahmed Ali 
Published: August 2011

AimsTo test the hypothesis that baseline hypoalbuminaemia is associated with incident heart failure (HF) in community‐dwelling older adults.Methods and resultsOf the 5795 community‐dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study, 5450 were free of centrally adjudicated prevalent HF at baseline, and also had data on baseline serum albumin. Of these, 599 (11%) had hypoalbuminaemia, defined as baseline serum albumin levels ≤3.5 mg/dL. Propensity scores for hypoalbuminaemia were calculated for each patient and used to assemble a matched cohort of 582 pairs of participants with and without hypoalbuminaemia, who were well balanced on 58 baseline characteristics. Using Cox regression models, we estimated the association of hypoalbuminaemia with centrally adjudicated incident HF during 9.6 years of median follow‐up. Matched participants had a mean (±SD) age of 74 (±6) years, 62% were women, and 16% were African Americans. Incident HF occurred in 25 and 20% of matched participants with and without hypoalbuminaemia, respectively [hazard ratio when hypoalbuminaemia was compared with normoalbuminaemia, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.85; P = 0.020]. Pre‐match unadjusted, multivariable‐adjusted, and propensity‐adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident HF associated with hypoalbuminaemia were 1.33 (1.12–1.58; P = 0.001), 1.33 (1.11–1.60; P = 0.002), and 1.25 (1.04–1.50; P= 0.016), respectively. The combined endpoint of incident HF or all‐cause mortality occurred in 59 and 50% of matched participants with and without hypoalbuminaemia, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.61; P= 0.002).ConclusionsAmong community‐dwelling older adults without HF, baseline hypoalbuminaemia was associated with increased risk of incident HF during 10 years of follow‐up.
First Report of Leaf Blight of Basella alba Caused by Alternaria alternata in India
Authors: Sankar N. Ravi , Sreeramulu A. , Gopal D. Sai , Bagyanarayana G. 
Published: August 2011

Basella alba is a perennial plant of the Basellaceae, native to India, and is distributed widely in the tropics as an ornamental. It is also known as Indian spinach, Ceylon spinach, vine spinach, Malabar spinach or Malabar nightshade and is mostly cultivated as a leafy vegetable or spinach substitute, being rich in vitamin A and C. From 2008 to 2010, severe foliar disease was observed on B. alba in the region of Southern Andhra Pradesh, India. Approximately 75 to 85% of the fields were affected with disease incidence ranging from 70 to 90%. Leaf lesions were elliptical to irregular oval, yellow brown to dark brown, and sometimes concentrically zonate with diffuse margins frequently surrounded by light-colored haloes. Infection often started at the leaf tips and progressed to the base of leaves as symptoms developed. In severe infections, lesions enlarged and coalesced, causing necrosis, wilting, and ultimately death of leaves. Tissues from the margin of infected leaf parts were surface sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and then incubated at 27°C in the dark for 7 days. Hyphal tips from the margin of each developing colony were subcultured on PDA. Fungal colonies were initially white, becoming olivaceous, and turning brown with age. Conidiophores were brown, short, simple, or sometimes branched. Conidia were obclavate, obpyriform or ellipsoidal with a short conical beak, borne in long chains, branched or unbranched, pale brown to brown, and 18 to 32 μm long and 5 to 14 μm wide at the broadest point. Conidia had three to eight transverse septa and one to two longitudinal septa. On the basis of conidial morphological characteristics, the pathogen was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler (2). For pathogenicity tests, inoculations were performed on detached, surface sterilized, healthy leaves following the method of Belisario (1). A 5-μl drop of conidial suspension containing 1 × 105 CFU/ml was placed on each leaf and 12 leaves per isolate were used. Leaves were incubated in a growth chamber (90% relative humidity with a 12-h photoperiod). After 7 days, leaf spots that were similar to the original symptoms developed on all inoculated leaves and A. alternata was consistently reisolated from symptomatic leaf tissues on PDA. Control leaves inoculated with sterile distilled water remained asymptomatic. The experiment was performed three times. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata on B. alba in India. References: (1) A. Belisario et al. Plant Dis. 83:696, 1999. (2) E. G. Simmons. Alternaria: An Identification Manual. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2007.
Low-Fluence Red Light Increases the Transport and Biosynthesis of Auxin
Authors: Liu Xing , Cohen Jerry D. , Gardner Gary 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn plants, light is an important environmental signal that induces photomorphogenesis and interacts with endogenous signals, including hormones. We found that light increased polar auxin transport in dark-grown Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) hypocotyls. In tomato, this increase was induced by low-fluence red or blue light followed by 1 d of darkness. It was reduced in phyA, phyB1, and phyB2 tomato mutants and was reversed by far-red light applied immediately after the red or blue light exposure, suggesting that phytochrome is involved in this response. We further found that the free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level in hypocotyl regions below the hook was increased by red light, while the level of conjugated IAA was unchanged. Analysis of IAA synthesized from [13C]indole or [13C]tryptophan (Trp) revealed that both Trp-dependent and Trp-independent IAA biosynthesis were increased by low-fluence red light in the top section (meristem, cotyledons, and hook), and the Trp-independent pathway appears to become the primary route for IAA biosynthesis after red light exposure. IAA biosynthesis in tissues below the top section was not affected by red light, suggesting that the increase of free IAA in this region was due to increased transport of IAA from above. Our study provides a comprehensive view of light effects on the transport and biosynthesis of IAA, showing that red light increases both IAA biosynthesis in the top section and polar auxin transport in hypocotyls, leading to unchanged free IAA levels in the top section and increased free IAA levels in the lower hypocotyl regions.
Increased Thermostability of Thylakoid Membranes in Isoprene-Emitting Leaves Probed with Three Biophysical Techniques
Authors: Velikova Violeta , Várkonyi Zsuzsanna , Szabó Milán , Maslenkova Liliana , Nogues Isabel , Kovács László , Peeva Violeta , Busheva Mira , Garab Győző , Sharkey Thomas D. , Loreto Francesco 
Published: August 2011

Abstract
Three biophysical approaches were used to get insight into increased thermostability of thylakoid membranes in isoprene-emittingplants.Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants genetically modified to make isoprene and Platanus orientalis leaves, in which isoprene emission was chemically inhibited, were used. First, in the circular dichroism spectrum the transition temperature of the main band at 694 nm was higher in the presence of isoprene, indicating that the heat stability of chiral macrodomains of chloroplast membranes, and specifically the stability of ordered arrays of light-harvesting complex II-photosystem II in the stacked region of the thylakoid grana, was improved in the presence of isoprene. Second, the decay of electrochromic absorbance changes resulting from the electric field component of the proton motive force (ƊA 515) was evaluated following single-turnover saturating flashes. The decay of ƊA 515 was faster in the absence of isoprene when leaves of Arabidopsis and Platanus were exposed to high temperature, indicating that isoprene protects the thylakoid membranes against leakiness at elevated temperature. Finally, thermoluminescence measurements revealed that S2QB − charge recombination was shifted to higher temperature in Arabidopsis and Platanus plants in the presence of isoprene, indicating higher activation energy for S2QB − redox pair, which enables isoprene-emitting plants to perform efficient primary photochemistry of photosystem II even at higher temperatures. The data provide biophysical evidence that isoprene improves the integrity and functionality of the thylakoid membranes at high temperature. These results contribute to our understanding of isoprene mechanism of action in plant protection against environmental stresses.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG secreting an antigen and Interleukin‐2 translocates across the gastrointestinal tract and induces an antigen specific immune response
Authors: Kandasamy Matheswaran , Selvakumari Jayasurya Anita , Moochhala Shabbir , Huat Bay Boon , Kun Lee Yuan , Mahendran Ratha 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTLactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) is a probiotic organism. In this present study, LGG that express the green fluorescence protein (LGG‐GFP) and IL‐2 and GFP as a fusion protein (LGG‐IL‐2‐GFP) were used to examine bacterial uptake and the immune response induced by oral immunization. Using TEM to examine the intestinal tissue, the Lactobacilli were localized in M cells and in venules. After oral immunization, most of the bacteria were excreted in feces only a small fraction (0.15%) was retained in the intestine at 48 hr. However, more LGG‐IL‐2‐GFP was found in the MLN and spleen than LGG‐GFP. The loop ligation method was used to evaluate LGG uptake and both LGG‐GFP and LGG‐IL‐2‐GFP were found to translocate at the same rate. Analysis of LGG internalization in J774 macrophage cells indicated that IL‐2 increased survival of LGG and this may explain the increased presence of these bacteria in the MLN for a longer period. After oral immunization, specific mucosal antibody production as well as GFP specific CTL activity was demonstrated. IL‐2 co‐expression with GFP further enhanced antibody production and CTL activity. In conclusion, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG expressing an antigen could generate an effective immune response to the antigen and IL‐2 improved the response generated probably by increasing LGG expressing antigen survival in immune cells.
A randomized experiment to examine unintended consequences of dietary supplement use among daily smokers: taking supplements reduces self‐regulation of smoking
Authors: Chiou Wen‐Bin , Wan Chin‐Sheng , Wu Wen‐Hsiung , Lee King‐Teh 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTAims  We examined whether smokers' use of dietary supplements (e.g. vitamin C, multi‐vitamins) induces illusory invulnerability that in turn disinhibits smoking. Such supplement use may be perceived as conferring health credentials.Design  A single‐factor (credentials: with or without) between‐subjects design was employed. Smokers were assigned randomly to take either a known placebo pill or a dietary supplement (in fact, the same placebo) in an ostensible health‐food test.Setting  Laboratory at Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.Participants  Study 1 involved of a student sample consisting of 74 daily smokers, whereas study 2 involved a community sample consisting of 80 daily smokers.Measurements  In Study 1, participants reported their perceived invulnerability following the manipulation. In study 2, pre‐ and post‐test measures of invulnerability were administered, and attitudes towards dietary supplements were assessed prior to the manipulation. In both studies, the dependent measure was the number of cigarettes smoked during completion of an unrelated survey.Findings  Participants who believed that they were taking a dietary supplement smoked more cigarettes than did controls. Study 1 found support for the role of perceived invulnerability as a mechanism underlying this effect. Study 2 demonstrated the moderating effect played by attitudes towards dietary supplements: a more positive attitude towards supplements increased susceptibility to licensing effects.Conclusions  Dietary supplement use may create illusory invulnerability, reducing the self‐regulation of smoking. Reminding health‐conscious smokers that multi‐vitamins do not prevent cancer may help such smokers to control their smoking and encourage them to stop.
A region on BTA14 that includes the positional candidate genes LYPLA1, XKR4 and TMEM68 is associated with feed intake and growth phenotypes in cattle1
Authors: Lindholm‐Perry A. K. , Kuehn L. A. , Smith T. P. L. , Ferrell C. L. , Jenkins T. G. , Freetly H. C. , Snelling W. M. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryFeed cost for beef cattle is the largest expense incurred by cattle producers. The development of genetic markers to enhance selection of more efficient animals that require less feed while still achieving acceptable levels of production has the potential to substantially reduce production costs. A genome‐wide marker association approach based on the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip™ was used to identify genomic regions affecting average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and residual feed intake traits in a population of 1159 crossbred steers. This approach identified a region on BTA14 from 22.02 to 23.92 Mb containing several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have significant association with at least one of the traits. Two genes in this region, lysophospholipase 1 (LYPLA1) and transmembrane protein 68 (TMEM68), appeared to be logical positional and functional candidate genes. LYPLA1 deacylates ghrelin, a hormone involved in the regulation of appetite in the rat stomach, while TMEM68 is expressed in bovine rumen, abomasum, intestine and adipose tissue in cattle, and likely affects lipid biosynthetic processes. SNPs lying in or near these two genes were identified by sequencing a subset of animals with extreme phenotypes. A total of 55 SNPs were genotyped and tested for association with the same population of steers. After correction for multiple testing, five markers within 22.79–22.84 Mb, located downstream of TMEM68, and between TMEM68 and the neighbouring gene XKR4, were significant for both ADFI and ADG. Genetic markers predictive of feed intake and weight gain phenotypes in this population of cattle may be useful for the identification and selection of animals that consume less feed, although further evaluation of these markers for effects on other production traits and validation in additional populations will be required.
NUP98‐HOXA9‐transgenic zebrafish develop a myeloproliferative neoplasm and provide new insight into mechanisms of myeloid leukaemogenesis
Authors: Forrester A. Michael , Grabher Clemens , McBride Eileen R. , Boyd Ellen R. , Vigerstad Märta H. , Edgar Alexander , Kai Fui‐Boon , Da’as Sahar I. , Payne Elspeth , Look A. Thomas , Berman Jason N. 
Published: August 2011

SummaryNUP98‐HOXA9 [t(7;11) (p15;p15)] is associated with inferior prognosis in de novo and treatment‐related acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and contributes to blast crisis in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). We have engineered an inducible transgenic zebrafish harbouring human NUP98‐HOXA9 under the zebrafish spi1(pu.1) promoter. NUP98‐HOXA9 perturbed zebrafish embryonic haematopoiesis, with upregulated spi1expression at the expense of gata1a. Markers associated with more differentiated myeloid cells, lcp1, lyz, and mpx were also elevated, but to a lesser extent than spi1, suggesting differentiation of early myeloid progenitors may be impaired by NUP98‐HOXA9. Following irradiation, NUP98‐HOXA9‐expressing embryos showed increased numbers of cells in G2‐M transition compared to controls and absence of a normal apoptotic response, which may result from an upregulation of bcl2. These data suggest NUP98‐HOXA9‐induced oncogenesis may result from a combination of defects in haematopoiesis and an aberrant response to DNA damage. Importantly, 23% of adult NUP98‐HOXA9‐transgenic fish developed a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) at 19–23 months of age. In summary, we have identified an embryonic haematopoietic phenotype in a transgenic zebrafish line that subsequently develops MPN. This tool provides a unique opportunity for high‐throughput in vivo chemical modifier screens to identify novel therapeutic agents in high risk AML.
Yield vs. Quality trade‐offs for wheat in response to carbon dioxide and ozone
Authors: Pleijel Håkan , Uddling Johan 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAlthough it is established that there exist potential trade‐offs between grain yield and grain quality in wheat exposed to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3), their underlying causes remain poorly explored. To investigate the processes affecting grain quality under altered CO2 and O3, we analysed 57 experiments with CO2 or O3 exposure in different exposure systems. The study covered 24 cultivars studied in 112 experimental treatments from 11 countries. A significant growth dilution effect on grain protein was found: a change in grain yield of 10% by O3 was associated with a change in grain protein yield of 8.1% (R2 = 0.96), whereas a change in yield effect of 10% by CO2 was linked to a change in grain protein yield effect of 7.5% (R2 = 0.74). Superimposed on this effect, elevated CO2, but not O3, had a significant negative effect on grain protein yield also in the absence of effects on grain yield, indicating that there exists a process by which CO2 restricts grain protein accumulation, which is absent for O3. Grain mass, another quality trait, was more strongly affected by O3 than grain number, whereas the opposite was true for CO2. Harvest index was strongly and negatively influenced by O3, but was unaffected by CO2. We conclude that yield vs. protein trade‐offs for wheat in response to CO2 and O3 are constrained by close relationships between effects on grain biomass and less than proportional effects on grain protein. An important and novel finding was that elevated CO2 has a direct negative effect on grain protein accumulation independent of the yield effect, supporting recent evidence of CO2‐induced impairment of nitrate uptake/assimilation. Finally, our results demonstrated that processes underlying responses of grain yield vs. quality trade‐offs are very different in wheat exposed to elevated O3 compared with elevated CO2.
Increased quality and functionality of kimchi when fermented in Korean earthenware (onggi)
Authors: Jeong Ji‐Kang , Kim Young‐Wook , Choi Hye‐Sun , Lee Dong Sun , Kang Soon‐Ah , Park Kun‐Young 
Published: August 2011

SummaryKimchi was fermented in onggi and other containers at 4 °C for 4 weeks. Two types of onggi were used: glazed and nonglazed onggi. Other containers such as polyethylene plastic containers, polypropylene containers for use in a kimchi refrigerator, stainless steel and glass bottles were used. During the fermentation, kimchi fermented in onggi showed relatively stable acidity change compared with those in the other containers. Also it showed higher lactic acid bacteria multiplication (108–109 cfu g−1 at 4th week) but slower general aerobic bacteria multiplication than the others. The springiness of kimchi fermented in onggi was more than 50% at 4th week, it is higher than the others. Its carbonic acid taste and overall acceptability were excellent in sensory evaluations. The antioxidative and cancer‐cell antiproliferative activities were also greater in kimchi fermented in onggi than the others. Between the two types of onggi, nonglazed onggi showed better results in both properties and functionalities of kimchi. Onggi showed higher gas permeability than polyethylene plastic containers and glass bottles because of its porous structure, and lactic acid bacteria could have benefited from this condition. It possibly contributes to optimal ripening of kimchi resulting in better properties, especially texture and taste, and health functionalities.