bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postsurgical cystoid macular edema
Authors: LOEWENSTEIN A 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a major cause of reduced vision following cataract and vitreoretinal surgery, with a reported incidence of 0.1‐ 2.35%. Intraretinal accumulation of fluid determines the formation of perifoveal cysts, which may combine and give rise to lamellar holes. The etiology of CME is not completely clarified. Risk factors, among which preexisting ocular (uveitis, retinal vein occlusion, epiretinal membrane) and systemic conditions (diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension) as well as intraoperative complications can raise the risk of developing CME postoperatively. Modern surgical techniques have reduced the incidence of CME.Methods Pseudophakic CME is characterized by poor postoperative visual acuity. Onset of clinically significant CME is generally 4‐12 weeks after surgery (peak at 4‐6 weeks). Fluorescein angiography (FA) is indispensable in the workup of CME, showing the classical perifoveal petaloid staining pattern and late leakage of the optic disk. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) reveals cystic spaces in the outer nuclear layer. Differential diagnosis with FA and biomicroscopy is crucial for postsurgical CME management.Results Most cases of pseudophakic CME resolve spontaneously. Available therapeutic interventions, for both prophylaxis and treatment of CME, are based on pathogenesis theories. The value of prophylactic treatment is doubtful, especially long‐term postoperatively. First‐line treatment should include topical nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs ) and corticosteroids, with best results for acute postsurgical CME. In cases of resistant CME, periocular or intraocular corticosteroids represent an option. Antiangiogenic agents, though experimental, should be considered for nonresponsive persistent CME. Surgical options such as laser vitreolysis or vitrectomy should be reserved for special cases.
Quantifying end‐stage electrophysiological function in progressive retinal degenerative disorders (PRDD)
Authors: LACHAPELLE P , GAUVIN M , TRANG N , LINA JM , RACINE J 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose PRDD, such as Retinitis Pigmentosa, are accompanied with a gradual reduction of ERG signal to non‐measurable amplitudes. We compared alternative means of quantifying normal and pathological ERGs.Methods Photopic ERGs (DTL electrode, background 30 cd.m‐2; flash stimuli: ‐2.62 to 0.64 log cd.sec.m‐2 in 17 steps of ~ ‐0.2 log‐unit) were recorded from 85 normal subjects and 55 patients with PRDD. In a subset of 6 normal subjects, focal ERGs (fERGs) were obtained with the use of a eye patch to restrict the stimulus centrally and at 20o or 40o nasally. ERG descriptors, obtained with Direct Wavelet Transform D(WT) of the ERGs, were compared to the traditional amplitude measurements.Results In normal, the ERG amplitude gradually decreased from 131.42±31.27µV (Vmax) to 0.71±0.12 µV (dimmest flash used) in two distinct pseudo‐asymptotical steps of ‐15.2±2.0µV.s (step 1) and ‐0.42±0.1µV.s per decrement respectively (9 steps each). Pathological ERGs as well as normal focal ERGs could always be fitted to this model. Furthermore, while the traditional measurements frequently failed to quantify residual ERGs, including the normal fERGs, the DWT was always able to extract quantifiable and comparable information from the residual response, thus permitting a more favourable prognosis.Conclusion Analysis of the ERG response in the time and frequency domain (such as DWT) allows for a more precise quantification of the ERG signal especially when it reaches residual amplitudes such as that observed in end‐stage PRDD. Our results suggest that modeling ERG attenuation with the DWT improves the staging and prognosis of patients affected with severe PRDD. Supported by FFB (USA).
Clinical significance of red target increment perimetry
Authors: KRASTEL H , BEUTELSPACHER SC , ENGLER CH , KAHLERT CH , JONAS JB , JAGLE H 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To elucidate the significance of red target increment perimetry in diagnostic and occupational assessmentMethods Red target increment perimetry does not rely on color discrimination but merely on red target detection on a white background. In a retrospective study, ten exemplary cases of congenital and acquired color vision deficiencies are evaluated by kinetic, static and microperimetric techniquesResults Daltonism: Red brightness loss is common to protan observers. In marked protanomaly and protanopia severe constriction of red target field is a rule; i.e. within the peripheral visual field of protan observers red objects may remain entirely undetected. Female carriers of protan defects: Red target fields may show constriction to variable extent, but less pronounced than in male protan observers. Rod monochromacy: Since rhodopsin is virtually unable to absorb red light, red target fields are entirely lacking. Stargardt’s disease and cone dystrophies: Red target fields are affected earlier and more pronounced than standard white fields. Central serous retinopathy: Red desaturation and red brightness loss are common findings on confrontation testing. Scotomas are detected on microperimetry by red targets while white stimuli still fail to pick up pathology. CAR: Cancer associated retinopathy: Compared to RP, in CAR the cone system shows more involvement. CAR scotomas show up more distinctly in red than in white perimetry.Conclusion In congenital protan defects, red target increment fields have a significant bearing on occupational demands. In various retinal diseases, field defects for red target increments exceed those for white targets and so, may contribute to early diagnosis.
The Optical Integration technique for the measurement of light scatter in the human eye
Authors: GINIS H , PEREZ G , BUENO J , ARTAL P 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To develop and demonstrate a new optical technique for the measurement of light scatter in the human eye based on extended source imaging in a double pass configuration.Methods The experimental setup is based on a double‐pass (DP) configuration. Series of disks of uniform radiance having angular dimensions ranging from 0 to 9.1 degrees (radius) are projected on to the eye's retina and DP images are recorded by a cooled electron‐multiplied CCD camera. Two spatially separated sub‐apertures at the pupil are used for stimulus projection and imaging to minimise back‐scatter and reflections. The derivative of the intensity of each recorded disk with respect to disk radius (in angular units) was fitted to a mathematical model of the wide‐angle double pass point‐spread function (PSF) and from that the underlying single‐pass PSF was computed. The setup was first validated using artificial eyes with known scattering properties and used in a group of normal human eyes.Results The derivative of central disk intensity with respect to disk radius was measurable up to the complete range of the angular dimensions of the projected disks (9.1 degrees of visual field). Different features can be obtained from the estimated PSF to characterize not only the amount of scatter but also its angular dependence.Conclusion A new optical method to measure scatter in the eye was developed and demonstrated. The procedure is sensitive enough to consistently detect differences in the light scatter intensity between normal healthy eyes and can be a significant step towards the complete optical characterization of the eye.
Intracorneal lenses using femtosecond laser for the treatment of presbyopia
Authors: PALLIKARIS IG , BOUZOUKIS D , LIMNOPOULOU A , PANAGOPOULOU S , PALLIKARIS AI , KYMIONIS G 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To investigate the visual outcomes and safety of an Intracorneal lens (Presbia, Presbitech, CA, USA) for the treatment of presbyopia using femtosecond laser (Intralase, AMO, Irvine, CA,160 KHz).Methods An intracorneal tunnel was created in the non‐dominant eye of 15 patients using femtosecond laser. Mean age was 51, 32 ± 3,1. Follow‐up was 6 months.Results Mean uncorrected visual acuity for distance preoperatively, one day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery was 20/20, 20/40, 20/40, 20/32, 20/32,20/30 respectively, whereas for near was 20/50, 20/32, 20/30, 20/25, 20/25, 20/25. No intra‐ or post‐operative complications were found.Conclusion Intracorneal lenses for presbyopia seem to be a safe and effective method in patients aged between 45 to 60 years old.
Commercial interest
ElVisWeb: An interactive web‐application for the visualzation of ERG recordings based on the Electrophysiology of Vision Markup Language
Authors: STRASSER T , GOLDINA A , LANG S , LOTTER M , ODER M , OSTERTAG T , ULRICH M , WALTER M , YILDIZ D , PETERS T , ZRENNER E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Recently, we proposed a standard for the exchange of electrophysiological recordings of vision, called Electrophysiology of Vision Markup Language (ElVisML). Here we present a Web 2.0 application, ElVisWeb, for visualizing data encoded in ElVisML. It intends to facilitate the exchange of recordings on mailing lists like CEVNet in a standardized way and to allow for sharing of data along with published articles.Methods Main goals of ElVisWeb were easy usage and deployment. It is developed completely in JavaScript and as web application it does not require any installation on the client. It uses the single‐page‐interface paradigm (SPI): An ElVisML‐file can be pasted into a text‐field and a graphical representation of it is compiled. ElVisWeb can be deployed on any web‐server or executed locally. For convenience, there is an upload functionality, which requires PHP on the server, however. ElVisWeb leverages open source JavaScript libraries for XML‐processing (http://dev.abiss.gr/sarissa) and charts generation (http://www.jqplot.com).Results A Web 2.0 application for visualization of electrophysiological recordings of vision, ElVisWeb, was successfully implemented. It is designed for easy usage and deployment. Recordings encoded in ElVisML can be visualized with no additional software installation.Conclusion ElVisML is a standardized way for exchanging electrophysiological data. ElVisWeb is a first step towards an open ecosystem around ElVisML. It provides chart generation for recordings and may be used in mailing lists like CEVNet or for sharing data along with published articles. It is also ready to be used on mobile devices.
Accommodative IOL' s and Pseudo Accommodation
Authors: PALLIKARIS IG 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To analyze the existing lenses designs, properties as well as the new intraocular lens technology in the field of accommodative IOLs.Moreover, to distinguish the difference between accommodation and pseudoaccommodation.Methods The restoration of near vision in elder individuals that have entered the presbyopic age is considered one of the major challenges in refractive surgery during the last decade. Accommodative IOLs offer to patients satisfactory near vision by restoring to some degree the dynamic component of the ocular ability for near vision. By implementing several designs of the haptic and the optic part of the IOL, the target is to take advantage of the movement of the ciliary muscle and of the vitreous in order to change position and shape. This offers a change of the overall dioptric power of the eye and the facilitation of near vision.Results Pseudophakic patients’ ability for good distance and near visual acuity without correction has been characterized as apparent accommodation, or pseudoaccommodation. It has been attributed to several factors such as the pupil size, total and corneal aberrations, degrees and axis of astigmatism, potential of visual perception and axial movement of the intraocular lens.the i‐Trace technology has an important role in the evaluation of accommodation and pseudoaccommodation in pseudophakic eyes not only subjectively but optically.Conclusion Accommodative IOLs represent the future in the battle for the correction of presbyopia and restoration of near vision.
Experimental femtosecond laser lens surgery
Authors: BARRAQUER RI , LOZA‐ALVAREZ P , OLARTE OE , MERINO D , MONTENEGRO G , MICHAEL R 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To review the current developments and new experimental applications of femtosecond lasers (FsL) in lens surgery, including cataract and the treatment of presbyopia. FsL lentotomy has been shown effective to soften the lens matter easing cataract extraction. Because the main cause for presbyopia is the stiffening of the lens nucleus with age, FsL lentotomy could be applied to treat it, provided the cuts inside the lens do not induce a significant opacity.Methods Commercial FsL lasers systems for cataract surgery are already available, using repetition rates of 100 kHz at 1041 nm, similar to those of corneal FsL. We have developed a custom build multimodal non‐linear microscopy platform modified to work as a nano‐surgery scalpel using a FsL with a repetition rate of 80 MHz at 860 nm. This allows cutting inside the lens matter at a much smaller scale than the current lens surgical FsL systems.Results Using a single FsL system, we imprinted complex patterns in 2D and 3D configurations inside human donor lenses. These results were analyzed through transmitted infrared light and Two‐Photon Excitation Fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy. We observed an increase of the TPEF signal on the targeted regions. In addition, we found that the caused damage is highly confined without any apparent effect on the surrounding tissue.Conclusion While current FsL lentotomy systems can soften the lens nucleus to ease cataract extraction, optical quality at the optical axis is compromised. Experimental FsL with modified parameters is able to further confine the damage in order to preserve the lens clarity, a requirement for FsL lens presbyopia surgery.
Slowly progressive corneal opacification in a patient with known mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis and HIV
Authors: VAN OS L 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To present a case of corneal opacification and anterior uveitis in a patient with systemic LeishmaniasisMethods Case reportResults A 40‐year old HIV‐positive patient was already followed for conjunctival involvement in systemic Leishmaniasis. Treatment with Glucantime was effective, but had to be stopped because of acute pancreatitis. A switch to Ambisome was made, but did not result in complete resolution. Slow appearance of corneal stromal opacities was also noted at this time. In January 2011 the patient consulted in emergency and was diagnosed with bilateral acute anterior uveitis as well as manifest progression of the stromal opacification. Regarding the inflammation, a good initial response was obtained with topical prednisolone acetate. However, a slumbering reaction remained present in the anterior chamber and an increase of the keratic precipitates was noted. On tapering of the steroids, several relapses occurred. The intrastromal opacities were still increasing, resulting in worsening visual acuity. An in‐vivo confocal microscopy of the cornea was performed and showed presence of cystic structures in the stroma, possibly related to intracorneal presence of the parasite. Because of insufficient response of the anterior chamber reaction to topical steroids, anterior chamber tap was performed and PCR showed positive for Leishmania. A tentative treatment with intrastromal and intracameral injection of Amphotericin B was initiated.Conclusion We report an atypical ocular presentation of Leishmaniasis, with proven presence of the organism in the aqueous humor, and presence of the cystic structures on in‐vivo confocal microscopy. A tentative treatment with intrastromal and intracameral injection of Amphotericin B was initiated.
Evaluation of the corneal pachymetry and biomechanical parameters changes in patients treated by prostaglandins topical medication
Authors: VANTOMME M , POURJAVAN S , DETRY‐MOREL M 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose To assess the possible corneal changes after topical prostoglandins treatment.Methods Prospective study including 15 patients newly diagnosed with OHT or POAG needed to be treated. The patients had complete basic ophthalmological examination before treatment (D0). IOP was measured with Goldmann aplanation tonometer, Pascal contour tonometry and ocular response analysis (ORA). The corneal biomechanical parameters, CRF and CH were measured as well with ORA. Axiale length and the anterior chamber depth were measured using IOL master. The pachymetry was performed using an ultrasound pachymeter. These examinations were repeated on D42 and D90. Anova test for repeated measurements was used for statistical analysisResults The mean CCT was 552.6 ± 30 µ on D0, 548.8 ± 32 µ on D42 and 542.6 ± 31µ on D90. There was a significant difference between the CCT measurements on D0 and D90 (p= 0.006). The mean CRF on D0, D42 and D90 was: 11.8 ± 2.3 mmHg, 10.6 ± 1.7 mmHg and 10.7 ± 1.8 mmHg respectively. There were no significant differences between these values. The mean CH on D0, D42 and D90 was: 8.8 ± 2.1 mmHg, 9.6 ± 1.6 mmHg and 10 ± 2 mmHg respectively. There were no significant differences between these values.Conclusion In this study we found a significant decrease of CCT after topical prostaglandins treatment. We didn’t find any significant change in corneal biomechanic parameters after treatment.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography changes post laser peripheral iridotomy in primary angle closure suspects in an Asian population
Authors: HOW A , AUNG T 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Multiple modalities have been used to image the anterior chamber angle. We quantified changes in novel parameters associated with angle closure, namely anterior chamber area (ACA) and volume (ACV); anterior chamber width (ACW); lens vault (LV) and iris thickness, area and curvature using ASOCT, in a cohort of primary angle closure suspects (PACS) after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI).Methods A prospective study of primary angle closure suspects > 50 years of age after LPI. ASOCT images (Visante, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) from 176 subjects were analyzed quantitatively using customized software, before and 1 week after LPI.Results The mean age of the 176 participants was 63.0 ± 7.3 year and majority of the subjects were Chinese (95.5%) and women (76.7%). After LPI, the angle width opened significantly with increase in mean angle opening distance [AOD 500, 0.11 vs. 0.18 mm, p< 0.001), trabecular iris surface area (TISA500, 0.06 vs. 0.08 mm², p< 0.001) and angle recess area (ARA, 0.12 vs. 0.17 mm², p< 0.001). Mean ACA (14.9 vs. 16.0 mm², p< 0.001) and ACV (91.6 vs. 103.0 mm³, p< 0.001) increased significantly after LPI, but there was no change in ACW (11.21 vs. 11.24 mm, p = 0.3), anterior chamber depth (2.16 vs. 2.17 mm, p = 0.16) or LV (783.6 vs. 788.6µm, p = 0.72). Mean iris curvature was reduced (0.375 vs. 0.180 mm, p< 0.001) after LPI, but there was no significant change in iris thickness or area.Conclusion LPI results in a significant increase in the angle width in subjects with narrow angles. ACA and ACV increased after LPI but there was no change in ACD, ACW, LV or iris thickness and area. The increase in ACA/ACV is attributed to be due to decreased iris curvature after LPI.
PCR‐based circulating melanoma cells detection in uveal melanoma
Authors: PARROZZANI R , PILOTTO E , DARIO A , MIGLIONICO G , MIDENA E 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose to investigate the presence of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) in patients affected by posterior uveal melanoma in different stages of the disease and to determine their prognostic relevance.Methods Blood samples from 14 healthy donors and 23 patients affected by posterior uveal melanoma were collected. Fourteen patients were included at the time of initial treatment without any evidence of metastatic disease using liver ultrasonography and Pet‐CT (non‐metastatic group). Nine patients were included at time of initial treatment of liver metastasis (metastatic group). mRNA expression of tyrosinase, MelanA/MART1 and GP100 as a surrogate marker for the presence of CMCs was analyzed by real‐time RT‐PCR and compared with patient characteristics.Results There was no significant difference on tyrosinase, MelanA/MART1 and GP100 levels between healthy donors and uveal melanoma patients (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference between non‐metastatic vs metastatic group (p>0.05). High levels of tyrosinase, MelanA/MART1 and GP100 in non‐metastatic patients were not related to the development of metastasis in a median follow‐up time of 24 months (p>0.05).Conclusion PCR‐based detection of tyrosinase, MelanA/MART1 and GP100 in uveal melanoma patients appear unrelated with presence/absence of the disease and with the disease stage.
Verteporfin photodynamic therapy of retinal optic disc haemangioma
Authors: HEIMANN H , KENAWY N , DAMATO BE 
Published: December 2011

AbstractPurpose Retinal optic disc haemangioma are difficult to manage. Observation as well as therapeutical interventions may result in irreversible visual loss. We investigated verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) as the initial treatment method for these tumours.Methods Retrospective review of patients with optic disc haemangioma not associated with v. Hippel‐Lindau disease and a minimum follow‐up of 1 year.Results Between January 2009 and June 2010, we treated three patients with PDT and standard parameters as the initial intervention. All patients presented with symptomatic visual loss caused by macular oedema. In a 67‐year‐old female patient, complete regression could be achieved with a single PDT after 14m follow‐up. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 6/60 to 6/18. In a 55‐year‐old male patient, no regression of the angioma could be induced despite 5 consecutive PDT sessions. After a 24m follow‐up, BCVA decreased from 6/9 to counting fingers. In a 24‐year‐old female patient, a single PDT induced complete regression and BCVA improved from 6/12 to 6/9 over 12m. The treatment was initially complicated by a shutdown of the choroidal perfusion with temporary visual loss immediately following the PDT.Conclusion In this small series, treatment response of optic disc haemangioma to PDT varied significantly between cases. A complete regression of two angiomas as well as no visible reaction to PDT in a third case could be observed. Alternative treatment modalities should be employed if the haemangioma does not respond to the initial treatment cycles and is complicated by progression of the disease.