bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core fucosylation is required for midline patterning during zebrafish development
Authors: Seth Anandita , Machingo Quentin J. , Fritz Andreas , Shur Barry D. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractComplex carbohydrates represent one of the most polymorphic classes of macromolecules, but their functions during embryonic development remain poorly defined. Herein, we show that knockdown of FucT8, the fucosyltransferase responsible for adding an α1,6 fucosyl residue to the core region of N‐linked oligosaccharides, results in defective midline patterning during zebrafish development. Reduced FucT8 expression leads to mild cyclopia, small forebrains, U‐shaped somites, among other midline patterning defects. One of the principal FucT8 substrates was identified as Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), the major scaffold protein that is responsible for assembly and secretion of lipoprotein particles in vertebrates. In Drosophila, lipoprotein particles are thought to facilitate cell signaling by serving as a transport vehicle for lipid‐modified cell signaling proteins, such as hedgehog. In this regard, knockdown of ApoB expression in zebrafish embryos leads to similar midline patterning defects as those seen in FucT8 morphant embryos. Furthermore, preliminary studies suggest that ApoB facilitates Sonic hedgehog signaling during zebrafish development, analogous to the function of lipoprotein particles during hedgehog signaling in Drosophila. Developmental Dynamics 239:3380–3390, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nucleotide exchange factor RIC‐8 is indispensable in mammalian early development
Authors: Tõnissoo Tambet , Lulla Sirje , Meier Riho , Saare Merly , Ruisu Katrin , Pooga Margus , Karis Alar 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThe guanine nucleotide exchange factor RIC‐8 is a conserved protein essential for the asymmetric division in the early embryogenesis in different organisms. The function of RIC‐8 in mammalian development is not characterized so far. In this study we map the expression of RIC‐8 during the early development of mouse. To elucidate the RIC‐8 function we used Ric‐8−/− mutant embryos. The Ric‐8−/− embryos reach the gastrulation stage but do not develop further and die at E6.5‐E8.5. We characterized the Ric‐8−/− embryonic phenotype by morphological and marker gene analyses. The gastrulation is initiated in Ric‐8−/− embryos but their growth is retarded, epiblast and mesoderm disorganized. Additionally, the basement membrane is defective, amnion folding and the formation of allantois are interfered, also the cavitation. Furthermore, the orientation of the Ric‐8−/− embryo in the uterus was abnormal. Our study reveals that the activity of RIC‐8 protein is irreplaceable for the correct gastrulation of mouse embryo. Developmental Dynamics 239:3404–3415, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The rates and spatial patterns of annual riverbank erosion revealed through terrestrial laser‐scanner surveys of the South River, Virginia
Authors: O'Neal Michael A. , Pizzuto James E. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBetween a.d. 2006 and 2008, we completed annual surveys of two mercury‐contaminated eroding banks, one forested and the other grass covered, along the gravel‐bed, bedrock South River in Virginia. Gridded digital terrain models with a resolution of 0·05 m were created from bank topography data collected using a terrestrial laser scanner. Model comparisons indicate that the forested bank retreated nearly 1 m around two leaning trees, while elsewhere the extent of bank retreat was negligible. On the grassy bank, retreat was controlled by the creation of small overhanging clumps of turf at the top of the bank, their occasional failure, and the ultimate removal of failed debris from the bank toe. Partial autocorrelation analysis of vertically integrated bank retreat demonstrates that bank profile erosion is virtually uncorrelated at horizontal distances greater than about 1 m on both banks, a length scale of approximately half the bank height. This extensive streamwise variability suggests that widely spaced profile data cannot adequately represent bank erosion at these sites. Additional analysis of our comprehensive spatial data also indicates that traditional bank profile surveys with any spacing greater than 1 m would result in measurement errors exceeding 10%, an important conclusion for assessing annual rates of mercury loading into the South River from bank erosion. Our results suggest that three‐dimensional gridded bare‐earth models of bank topography may be required to accurately measure annual bank retreat in similar river systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geometric characteristics and evolution of a tidal channel network in experimental setting
Authors: Vlaswinkel Brigitte M. , Cantelli Alessandro 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis paper reports on a laboratory study that aims to reproduce a tidal channel network, in order to enhance the understanding of the morphodynamic evolution of the channel characteristics as the network expands and finally reaches equilibrium. A high‐resolution laser system scanned the bed topography at different time steps creating multiple digital elevation models of the channel network. Two hundred and seventy individual channel segments are analyzed and cross‐correlated in terms of their width, depth and length.The laboratory results show positive linear correlations between depth and width as well as between length and width of channel segments of the network configuration at final equilibrium. In a downstream direction, channels appear to widen more than they deepen, indirectly a sign that discharge has a stronger control on channel width than on depth. In contrast to fluvial drainage networks that commonly display fractal and scale‐invariant behavior, the geometric properties of the experimental tidal creek network shows scale dependence. Channel attributes exhibit consistent patterns of exponentially decreasing abundance, with increasing creek length, depth and width. The nature of the observed exponential distributions within creek attributes (width, depth, length) allows for statistical predictability of relative creek attribute dimensions downstream and through time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of pituitary tumor transforming gene expression with early oral tumorigenesis and malignant progression of precancerous lesions
Authors: Liao Li‐Jen , Hsu Yi‐Hsin , Yu Chuan‐Hang , Chiang Chun‐Pin , Jhan Jing‐Ru , Chang Lien‐Cheng , Lin Jing‐Jer , Lou Pei‐Jen 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground.Pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG1) is overexpressed in many types of human cancers and is involved in late‐stage tumor progression. The role of PTTG1 in initiating tumorigenesis is unclear.Methods.PTTG1 expression was assessed in precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity (OSCC). The association between the protein expression and clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. The expression level of PTTG1 upon carcinogen treatment was also investigated.Results.PTTG1 was overexpressed in both precancerous lesions and OSCC. The expression of PTTG1 was associated with carcinogen exposure in vivo and in vitro. PTTG1 overexpression was an independent factor for oral cancer development in precancerous lesions.Conclusions.This study provides the first evidence that PTTG1 is involved in the early stages of oral tumorigenesis. Carcinogen exposure may cause the initial induction of PTTG1 expression in oral precancerous lesions. PTTG1 overexpression is a potential prognosticator for malignant progression of oral precancerous lesions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Impact of continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring on autonomic nervous system during thyroid surgery
Authors: Ulmer Christoph , Friedrich Colin , Kohler Andrea , Rieber Fabian , Basar Tarkan , Deuschle Michael , Thon Klaus‐Peter , Lamadé Wolfram 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground.Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (CIONM) via vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is a new option for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) protection during thyroid surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of VNS for CIONM and to assess its effects on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) through analyzing heart rate variability (HRV).Methods.In a prospective, nonrandomized controlled study 5 patients received VNS for CIONM and 5 were operated on with conventional intermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). HRV was analyzed in accord with patient‐specific reference values.Results.VNS resulted in significantly altered ANS balance. Relative parasympathetic activity increased during VNS. Yet, no relevant cardiac arrhythmias or hemodynamic alterations were observed during VNS.Conclusion.HRV analysis revealed a distinct impact of VNS for CIONM on ANS balance. VNS caused parasympathetic predominance that was not countered by increased sympathetic activity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Efficacy of selective neck dissection for nodal metastasis with involvement of nonlymphatic structures
Authors: Dhiwakar Muthuswamy , Robbins K. Thomas , Rao Krishna , Vieira Francisco , Malone James 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground.Our aim in carrying out this study was to determine the efficacy of selective neck dissection (SND) for cervical metastases with clinical involvement of adjacent nonlymphatic structures.Methods.In all, 39 patients were retrospectively analyzed with respect to 43 extended selective neck dissection (ESND) procedures.Results.Eighteen procedures were performed as part of the primary treatment and 25 for salvage following (chemo)radiation. Although most patients (84%) had nodal disease ≥N2, 91% had disease clinically confined to ≤2 neck levels. SND (levels II–IV) was most commonly performed and the internal jugular vein was the nonlymphatic structure most often sacrificed. Recurrence rate in the ipsilateral targeted neck was 0% and 13% in the primary surgery and postradiation groups, respectively.Conclusions.SND that is extended to include adjacent nonlymphatic structures appears to be effective for advanced nodal metastasis confined to ≤2 nodal levels. We support the use of the term “extended selective neck dissection (ESND)” to describe this modification of neck dissection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of cisplatin‐based chemoradiation to treat patients with unresectable, nonmetastatic head and neck cancer in Brazil
Authors: Brentani Alexandra , de Castro Gilberto , Federico Miriam H. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground.The purpose of this study was to analyze the cost‐effectiveness of cisplatin‐based chemoradiation compared to radiation therapy (RT) alone to treat patients with advanced head and neck cancer in Brazil.Methods.Data were collected retrospectively from the medical records of 33 patients treated with RT alone (strategy 1) and from 29 patients treated with cisplatin‐based chemoradiation (strategy 2). The Brazilian National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde [SUS]) reimbursement parameters perspective was considered, and the effectiveness was measured in years of disease‐free life gained. One‐way sensitivity analysis was performed to determine robustness of this study.Results.In strategy 1, there were 31% of the patients who lived without disease progression for more than 13 months after treatment, compared to 58% of patients in strategy 2. According to SUS parameters, the total cost per patient in strategy 1 was $1167.00 U.S. dollars and in strategy 2, it was $2058.00 U.S. dollars. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $3303.00 U.S. dollars per life‐year gained.Conclusion.Cisplatin‐based chemoradiation proved to be more cost‐effective than RT alone. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Current trends in initial management of hypopharyngeal cancer: The declining use of open surgery
Authors: Takes Robert P. , Strojan Primož , Silver Carl E. , Bradley Patrick J. , Haigentz Missak , Wolf Gregory T. , Shaha Ashok R. , Hartl Dana M. , Olofsson Jan , Langendijk Johannes A. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSquamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx represents a distinct clinical entity. Most patients present with significant comorbidities and advanced‐stage disease. The overall survival is relatively poor because of high rates of regional and distant metastasis at presentation or early in the course of the disease. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial in the overall management of these patients to achieve the best results and maintain or improve functional results. Traditionally, operable hypopharyngeal cancer has been treated by total (occasionally partial) laryngectomy and partial or circumferential pharyngectomy, followed by reconstruction and postoperative radiotherapy in most cases.Efforts to preserve speech and swallowing function in the surgical treatment of hypopharyngeal (and laryngeal) cancer have resulted in a declining use of total laryngopharyngectomy and improved reconstructive efforts, including microvascular free tissue transfer. There are many surgical, as well as nonsurgical, options available for organ and function preservation, which report equally effective tumor control and survival. The selection of appropriate treatment is of crucial importance in the achievement of optimal results for these patients. In this article, several aspects of surgical and nonsurgical approaches in the treatment of hypopharyngeal cancer are discussed. Future studies must be carefully designed within clearly defined populations and use uniform terminology and standardized functional assessment and declare appropriate patient or disease endpoints. These studies should focus on improvement of resultsx, without increasing patient morbidity. In this respect, technical improvements in radiotherapy such as intensity‐modulated radiotherapy, advances in supportive care, and incorporation of newer systemic agents such as targeted therapy, are relevant developments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Substernal goiters: Incidence, surgical approach, and complications in a tertiary care referral center
Authors: Raffaelli Marco , De Crea Carmela , Ronti Simona , Bellantone Rocco , Lombardi Celestino P. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground.Surgery is the treatment of choice for substernal goiters, but there are still some controversies on their definition, the surgical approach, and the complications rate. We analyzed our experience in a tertiary care referral center.Methods.Among a series of 2263 patients who underwent thyroidectomy between 2004 and 2008, 355 patients with substernal goiter were identified. A control group of 355 patients with cervical goiters operated on during the same period was selected. The operative and pathological characteristics and the complications rate of the 2 groups were compared.Results.Only 2 patients (0.6%) required an extracervical approach (1 primary intrathoracic goiter and 1 recurrent carcinoma). No significant difference was found in terms of complications between the 2 groups.Conclusion.The cervical approach can be safely performed in almost all the patients with substernal goiters. An extracervical procedure has very limited indications. Substernal goiter is not associated with increased complications rate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Tissue microarray evidence of association between p16 and phosphorylated eIF4E in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fury Matthew G. , Drobnjak Marija , Sima Camelia S. , Asher Marina , Shah Jatin , Lee Nancy , Carlson Diane , Wendel H. Guido , Pfister David G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground.Expression of p16 is a marker for human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine if p16 immunoreactivity is associated with aberrant expression of components of the PI3 kinase pathway.Methods.A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed for 46 archived tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma specimens. Clinical demographics of these patients were analyzed, and the TMA was interrogated with antibodies directed against p16, phosphorylated AktSer473, phosphorylated S6Ser240/244, phosphorylated S6Ser235/236, phosphorylated 4E‐BP1Thr37/46, phosphorylated eIF4ESer209, PTEN, p21, and p53.Results.There was a significant correlation between history of tobacco abuse (>10 pack/years) and absence of p16 expression (p = .01). Expression of p16 was significantly associated with immunoreactivity of p21 (p = .02), PTEN (p = .02), and phosphorylated eIF4E (p = .03). There was no evidence of association between p16 status and expression of phosphorylated S6, phosphorylated 4E‐BP1, or p53.Conclusion.p16 positive tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by expression of phosphorylated eIF4E that may occur via a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)‐independent mechanism. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Silent aspiration and swallowing physiology after radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ng Louisa K. Y. , Lee Kathy Y. S. , Chiu Sung Nok , Ku Peter K. M. , van Hasselt C. Andrew , Tong Michael C. F. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground.There is a paucity of knowledge on dysphagia in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma postradiotherapy (NPC post‐RT). The purpose of this study was to establish silent aspiration occurrence, safe bolus consistency, and their relationship with swallowing physiology in patients with dysphagic NPC post‐RT.Methods.Eighty‐five patients with dysphagic NPC post‐RT were assessed across 4 bolus consistencies. We compared penetration‐aspiration scores against 4 swallowing physiology impairments.Results.Silent aspiration occurred in 65.9% of patients with dysphagia, with 64.7% on thin fluids, 35.3% on thick fluids, 11.8% on pureed diet, and 5.9% on soft diet. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated pharyngeal contraction and swallowing response had significant effect on thick fluids (p = .002), thin fluids (p = .017), and soft diet (p = .031).Conclusion.Silent aspiration of thin fluids is a common occurrence in dysphagic NPC post‐RT, with least aspiration noted on soft diet. Considering the high incidence of silent aspiration, instrumental assessment in this cohort is crucial. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Postnatal alterations in induction threshold and expression magnitude of long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression at hippocampal synapses
Authors: Dumas Theodore C. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractActivity‐dependent synaptic plasticity refines neural networks during development and subserves information processing in adulthood. Previous research has revealed postnatal alterations in synaptic plasticity at nearly all forebrain synapses, suggesting different forms of synaptic plasticity may contribute to network development and information processing. To assess possible relationships between modifications in synaptic plasticity and maturation of cognitive ability, we examined excitatory synaptic function in area CA1 of the mouse hippocampus ∼3 weeks of age, when hippocampal‐dependent learning and memory abilities first emerge. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) of synaptic efficacy were observed in slices from juvenile animals younger than 3 weeks of age. Both pre‐ and postsynaptic mechanisms supported LTP and LTD in juveniles. After the third postnatal week, the magnitude of LTP was reduced and the threshold for postsynaptic induction was reduced, but the threshold for presynaptic induction was increased. The reduced threshold for postsynaptic LTP appeared to be due, partly, to an increase in baseline excitatory synaptic strength, which likely permitted greater postsynaptic depolarization during induction. Low frequency stimulation did not induce LTD at this more mature stage, but it blocked subsequent induction of LTP, suggesting metaplastic differences across age groups. Late postnatal modifications in activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity might reflect attenuation of mechanisms more closely tied to network formation (presynaptic potentiation and pre‐ and postsynaptic depression) and unmasking of mechanisms underlying information processing and storage (associative postsynaptic potentiation), which likely impact the integrative capacity of the network and regulate the emergence of adult‐like cognitive abilities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenylbutyrate rescues dendritic spine loss associated with memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Ricobaraza Ana , Cuadrado‐Tejedor Mar , Marco Sonia , Pérez‐Otaño Isabel , García‐Osta Ana 
Published: November 2010

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) and ageing are associated with impaired learning and memory, and recent findings point toward modulating chromatin remodeling through histone acetylation as a promising therapeutic strategy. Here we report that systemic administration of the HDAC inhibitor 4‐phenylbutyrate (PBA) reinstated fear learning in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Tg2576 mice develop age‐dependent amyloid pathology and cognitive decline that closely mimics disease progression in humans. Memory reinstatement by PBA was observed independently of the disease stage: both in 6‐month‐old Tg2576 mice, at the onset of the first symptoms, but also in aged, 12‐ to 16‐month‐old mice, when amyloid plaque deposition and major synaptic loss has occurred. Reversal of learning deficits was associated to a PBA‐induced clearance of intraneuronal Aβ accumulation, which was accompanied by mitigation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and to restoration of dendritic spine densities of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons to control levels. Furthermore, the expression of plasticity‐related proteins such as the NMDA receptor subunit NR2B and the synaptic scaffold SAP102 was significantly increased by PBA. Our data suggest that the beneficial effects of PBA in memory are mediated both via its chemical chaperone‐like activity and via the transcriptional activation of a cluster of proteins required for the induction of synaptic plasticity and structural remodeling. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The droughts of 1996–1997 and 2004–2005 in Amazonia: hydrological response in the river main‐stem
Authors: Tomasella Javier , Borma Laura S. , Marengo José A. , Rodriguez Daniel A. , Cuartas Luz A. , A. Nobre Carlos , Prado Maria C. R. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractSevere hydrological droughts in the Amazon have generally been associated with strong El Niño events. More than 100 years of stage record at Manaus harbour confirms that minimum water levels generally coincide with intense warming in the tropical Pacific sea waters. During 2005, however, the Amazon experienced a severe drought which was not associated with an El Niño event. Unless what usually occurs during strong El Niño events, when negative rainfall anomalies usually affect central and eastern Amazon drainage basin; rainfall deficiencies in the drought of 2005 were spatially constrained to the west and southwest of the basin. In spite of this, discharge stations at the main‐stem recorded minimum water levels as low as those observed during the basin‐wide 1996–1997 El Niño‐related drought. The analysis of river discharges along the main‐stem and major tributaries during the drought of 2004–2005 revealed that the recession on major tributaries began almost simultaneously. This was not the case in the 1996–1997 drought, when above‐normal contribution of some tributaries for a short period during high water was crucial to partially counterbalance high discharge deficits of the other tributaries. Since time‐lagged contributions of major tributaries are fundamental to damp the extremes in the main‐stem, an almost coincident recession in almost all tributaries caused a rapid decrease in water discharges during the 2005 event. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.