bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curation at the NCBI: Genomes, Genes, & Sequence Standards
Authors: Brown Garth , Farrell Catherine , Hart Jennifer , Landrum Melissa , Maglott Donna , Maidak Bonnie , Murphy Michael , Murphy Terence , Rajput Bhanu , Pruitt Kim , Riddick Lillian , Webb David , Weber Janet , Wu Wendy 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThe National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides curation support for many genomes, and disseminates information in several resources including Entrez Gene, reference sequences (RefSeq), the Consensus CDS (CCDS) database, and the Genome Reference Consortium (GRC). These projects are supported by several collaborations to provide:1) support to the international consortium maintaining the assemblies for human and mouse (GRC); 2) sequence standards for chromosomes, genes, transcripts and proteins (RefSeq); 3) reports of integrated information including nomenclature, publications, phenotypes and diseases, sequences, ontologies, interactions (Gene); and 4) identification of proteins that are consistently annotated on the human and mouse reference genomes, and consistently updated by collaborating members (CCDS). NCBI curation of any one data type (e.g., a gene) is closely integrated with evaluation of the genome assembly, and determining annotation by way of RefSeq transcript and protein sequences. Database and work-flow infrastructure is designed to support reporting and tracking issues with the assembly, gene, or evidence data to collaborating groups, and to support collaborative review and discussions of issues that arise. Curation depends on publicly available information to represent the gene extent, alternatively spliced transcripts, and protein isoforms. Scientific consults occur regularly and wet-bench validation needs are supported by some of the collaborations. Curation of genome annotation results in improved data presentation at the three major genome browser sites (Ensembl, NCBI, UCSC) and has resulted in efforts to define common curation guidelines to maximize consistency and minimize conflicts.The presentation focuses on curation of the human genome, genes, and RefSeq sequence standards.
Using the Self-Select Paradigm to Delineate the Nature of Speech Motor Programming
Authors: Wright David L. , Robin Don A. , Rhee Jooyhun , Vaculin Amber , Jacks Adam , Guenther Frank H. , Fox Peter T. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe authors examined the involvement of 2 speech motor programming processes identified by S. T. Klapp (1995, 2003) during the articulation of utterances differing in syllable and sequence complexity. According to S. T. Klapp, 1 process, INT, resolves the demands of the programmed unit, whereas a second process, SEQ, oversees the serial order demands of longer sequences.MethodA modified reaction time paradigm was used to assess INT and SEQ demands. Specifically, syllable complexity was dependent on syllable structure, whereas sequence complexity involved either repeated or unique syllabi within an utterance.ResultsINT execution was slowed when articulating single syllables in the form CCCV compared to simpler CV syllables. Planning unique syllables within a multisyllabic utterance rather than repetitions of the same syllable slowed INT but not SEQ.ConclusionsThe INT speech motor programming process, important for mental syllabary access, is sensitive to changes in both syllable structure and the number of unique syllables in an utterance.
Electrophoretic coating of carbon nanotubes for high energy-density capacitor applications
Authors: Bakhoum Ezzat G. , Cheng Marvin H. M. 
Published: May 2009

This paper reports the successful coating of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on a metallic surface with particles of a ceramic dielectric material by using the electrophoretic deposition technique. Electrophoretic deposition, which is performed at room temperature, has achieved results that are far superior to chemical vapor deposition in this particular application. In an anticipated new breed of capacitors known as the “three-dimensional capacitors,” conventional metallic electrodes will be replaced by CNTs for substantially larger electrode areas. The development of such capacitors is awaiting a technique for successfully coating CNTs with high dielectric-constant ceramics. Such a development is reported here.
At the request of the authors, this article is being retracted effective 17 May 2022.
DWARF27, an Iron-Containing Protein Required for the Biosynthesis of Strigolactones, Regulates Rice Tiller Bud Outgrowth
Authors: Lin Hao , Wang Renxiao , Qian Qian , Yan Meixian , Meng Xiangbing , Fu Zhiming , Yan Cunyu , Jiang Biao , Su Zhen , Li Jiayang , Wang Yonghong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTillering in rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important agronomic traits that determine grain yields. Previous studies on rice tillering mutants have shown that the outgrowth of tiller buds in rice is regulated by a carotenoid-derived MAX/RMS/D (more axillary branching) pathway, which may be conserved in higher plants. Strigolactones, a group of terpenoid lactones, have been recently identified as products of the MAX/RMS/D pathway that inhibits axillary bud outgrowth. We report here the molecular genetic characterization of d27, a classic rice mutant exhibiting increased tillers and reduced plant height. D27 encodes a novel iron-containing protein that localizes in chloroplasts and is expressed mainly in vascular cells of shoots and roots. The phenotype of d27 is correlated with enhanced polar auxin transport. The phenotypes of the d27 d10 double mutant are similar to those of d10, a mutant defective in the ortholog of MAX4/RMS1 in rice. In addition, 2′-epi-5-deoxystrigol, an identified strigolactone in root exudates of rice seedlings, was undetectable in d27, and the phenotypes of d27 could be rescued by supplementation with GR24, a synthetic strigolactone analog. Our results demonstrate that D27 is involved in the MAX/RMS/D pathway, in which D27 acts as a new member participating in the biosynthesis of strigolactones.
Calcium Spiking Patterns and the Role of the Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase CCaMK in Lateral Root Base Nodulation of Sesbania rostrata
Authors: Capoen Ward , Den Herder Jeroen , Sun Jongho , Verplancke Christa , De Keyser Annick , De Rycke Riet , Goormachtig Sofie , Oldroyd Giles , Holsters Marcelle 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
Nodulation factor (NF) signal transduction in the legume-rhizobium symbiosis involves calcium oscillations that are instrumental in eliciting nodulation. To date, Ca2+ spiking has been studied exclusively in the intracellular bacterial invasion of growing root hairs in zone I. This mechanism is not the only one by which rhizobia gain entry into their hosts; the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata can be invaded intercellularly by rhizobia at cracks caused by lateral root emergence, and this process is associated with cell death for formation of infection pockets. We show that epidermal cells at lateral root bases respond to NFs with Ca2+ oscillations that are faster and more symmetrical than those observed during root hair invasion. Enhanced jasmonic acid or reduced ethylene levels slowed down the Ca2+ spiking frequency and stimulated intracellular root hair invasion by rhizobia, but prevented nodule formation. Hence, intracellular invasion in root hairs is linked with a very specific Ca2+ signature. In parallel experiments, we found that knockdown of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase gene of S. rostrata abolished nodule development but not the formation of infection pockets by intercellular invasion at lateral root bases, suggesting that the colonization of the outer cortex is independent of Ca2+ spiking decoding.
Dilemmas in information science (IS) and information retrieval (IR)
Authors: Thornley Clare 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the extent to which understanding information science (IS) and information retrieval (IR) as disciplines characterised by intractable dilemmas is a useful conceptual framework through reviewing and re‐evaluating an important contribution to the field in light of more recent developments.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews the discussion of central dilemmas within IS and IR, through literature review and conceptual analysis. It assesses the extent to which they remain intractable problems or whether improved solutions have been developed and discusses the implications of these ongoing challenges. The main problem addressed is, in Neill's terminology, “the dilemma of the subjective in information organisation and retrieval” which is understood as the problem of how the meaning of documents can be represented to meet the needs of the user.FindingsMany of the dilemmas discussed within IS and IR remain fairly intractable primarily because information and meaning have both subjective and objective qualities which often have a complex relationship. Recent technological developments have, however, altered the nature of some of these dilemmas and also created some new dilemmas for the subject.Research implications/limitationsHistorical perspectives within IR and IS should be used when discussing theoretical and technological developments in the subject. The conceptual framework of dilemmas remains a useful theoretical tool for IS and IR in terms of examining the nature of problems in research and practice.Originality/valueThis paper re‐visits an important theme in IS and IR and provides an updated perspective on some central issues.
Effect of temperature and thiosulphate on the corrosion behaviour of 90‐10 copper‐nickel alloys in seawater
Authors: Ezuber Hosni M. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of seawater temperature on the corrosion behaviour of 90‐10 cupronickel alloys. Also, to investigate the effect of thiosulphate additions (one of the major sulphide oxidation products in seawater) on the alloy corrosion rate in seawater.Design/methodology/approachPotentiodynamic polarization measurement (DC) was used to estimate the corrosion rate of the cupronickel alloy in seawater with and without thiosulphate species (50‐650 ppm).FindingsIt was observed that the cupronickel alloy suffered accelerated corrosion as the seawater temperature was raised from 25 to 50 or 80°C. The increase in the corrosion rate was found to correspond well with the negative shift in the free corrosion potential. Thiosulphate addition was found to depend on the test temperature. At 25°C, thiosulphate activated the alloy dissolution rate and the higher were the thiosulphate concentrations, the higher was the corrosion rate. At 50 or 80°C, however, thiosulphate promoted the dissolution rate at early stages, but seemed to interfere with the surface film formation later on, producing a black film that effectively decreased the alloy corrosion rate. At higher potentials, however, the film became non‐protective, leading to accelerated corrosion once again.Originality/valueThis paper explains the corrosion behaviour of 90‐10 cupronickel alloys in seawater as a function of test temperature and thiosulphate additions.
Reflections on corporate reputations
Authors: Worcester Robert 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the importance of corporate reputation to the management of contemporary organisations.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of survey research and case studies. The paper is informed by corporate image and reputation research undertaken for major international corporations, governments and NGOs in the UK and in countries throughout the world dating back to the late 1960s.FindingsThe paper finds that corporate image is an important factor in the success or failure of virtually all major organisations; corporate reputation is the synthesis of many factors: the brand(s) image, the products (and/or services) class image(s), the brand user(s) image, the image of the country of perceived ownership of a corporation, and the corporate culture/personality; corporate reputations can be measured, and changes in corporate reputations can be tracked; and corporate responsibility is replacing corporate social responsibility as an increasingly important factor in how people regard the corporate reputation of organisations.Practical implicationsPolicy makers should actively research and manage their corporate reputation. Familiarity breeds favourability, not contempt. All too often senior managers and their advisers (brand and corporate consultants, design consultants, advertising and public relations advisers, etc.), who have responsibility for the organisation's corporate reputation, muddle the distinctions between corporate reputation, corporate image, corporate identity, corporate personality, corporate culture, and other ways by which the elements of the corporate reputation are defined, and therefore used and measured.Originality/valueThe paper shares some of the lessons learned from 40 years' experience of MORI. The paper also marshals insights from the published output, lectures, and image‐modelling work.
Assessment of selenium intake levels through typical Pakistani diet
Authors: Akhter Perveen , Rahman M.K. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeSelenium deficiency in combination with iodine also has profound effect in the generation of thyroid related diseases and on neonatal growth and its survival. In Pakistan, occurrence of thyroid related diseases are common. Low levels of iodine in food have been established and published estimates are available, but data on selenium intake levels were scarce. The purpose of this paper is to generate baseline analytical data on dietary intake of selenium to investigate its impact on occurrence of thyroid related diseases in Pakistani population.Design/methodology/approachFood samples were collected from major cities/districts of the country using market basket method. Daily diets were prepared and analyzed by using neutron activation analysis.FindingsMeasured levels varied from 51 to 453ng/g with geometric mean value (GM) × geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 163 × 1.6ng/g. This leads to daily intake variation from 31 to 270 μg/d with GM × GSD value of 97 × 1.6 μg/d. The measured levels were compared with reported values of other countries and recommended estimated safe and adequate daily dietary intake (ESADDI) range of 50‐200 μg/d for adults. The estimated selenium levels are adequate and safe as per international standard.Originality/valueThe paper provides baseline data and indicates that Pakistani diet contains sufficient amount of selenium and may not be cause of concern for thyroid related diseases in our country.
The health effects of black tea and flavonoids
Authors: Ruxton Carrie H.S. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review evidence on the impact of black tea on health, highlighting the role of flavonoids.Design/methodology/approachThis review builds on previous systematic reviews by incorporating new studies on black tea and health published between 2004 and 2009.FindingsBlack tea was strongly associated with heart disease prevention by plausible mechanisms linked to flavonoid bioactivity. In vitro studies suggest that tea has anti‐cancer properties, but this needs to be confirmed by additional long‐term human studies. Emerging research indicates that tea may benefit cognitive function and weight management, although more studies are needed. Tea flavonoids are bioavailable with or without milk.Originality/valueThe benefits of tea drinking are of relevance to public health as tea is the main contributor to dietary flavonoids in Western countries. Consuming one to eight cups of black tea per day is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease. Caffeine intakes at this level are moderate.
Anticipatory socialisation amongst architects: a qualitative examination
Authors: Sang Katherine , Ison Stephen , Dainty Andrew , Powell Abigail 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThose entering the architectural profession tend to be motivated by a desire to undertake creative design, although studies have revealed that many practicing architects feel they lack sufficient creative opportunities. Proponents of anticipatory socialisation argue that experiences prior to entering an occupation influence job satisfaction once engaged in employment. Given concerns over the retention of architects, there is a need to explore practising architects' motivations for entering the profession, how this affects their anticipatory socialisation and their experience of working life. This paper aims to explore this issue.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 23 practising architects based in the UK, exploring the anticipatory socialisation of architects focussing on issues of career choice, expectations of the profession, experiences once working within practice and job satisfaction.FindingsMany respondents had chosen to enter the profession out of a desire to be creative and their university education furthered this desire. The reality of working life was very different, with much time spent on administrative tasks. For some, this gap caused disillusionment with the profession and adversely affected their job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper discusses the possible impacts of poor anticipatory socialisation on practicing architects and the profession. Recommendations are made for further research including a large scale survey of the profession.Originality/valueThe data presented in this paper help researchers and practitioners to understand architects' motivations for choosing a career in the profession and provide guidance for how the mis‐match between expectations and the reality may be overcome.
Businesswomen in Germany and their performance by ethnicity
Authors: Constant Amelie F. 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the determinants of wages and the labor market success of two kinds of entrepreneurial women in Germany: self‐employed and salaried businesswomen, and investigate whether ethnicity is important in these challenging jobs.Design/methodology/approachUsing Lee's technique, the paper first estimates the probabilities of being in self‐employment, a salaried businesswoman, working in other non‐entrepreneurial jobs, and not working at all with a multinomial logit, and accordingly adjust the wage regressions for selection and heteroscedasticity. By employing data from the German Socio‐economic Panel one can differentiate among different types of self‐employment and business entrepreneurship, control for human capital and labor market structures, and estimate wages for native and immigrant women aged 20 to 65. The subject scope includes literature on entrepreneurship, self‐employment, gender‐edge, and immigrant earnings assimilation.FindingsSelf‐employment offers businesswomen a lucrative avenue with higher monetary rewards, albeit for a shorter spell. If salaried businesswomen went into self‐employment, they would receive considerably higher wages and for at least 30 years. However, if self‐employed businesswomen went into salaried jobs, their wages would decline. This suggests that it is the self‐employment sector that offers better opportunities and monetary success, but not many businesswomen go into it. In these two entrepreneurial outlets human capital, years‐since‐migration and ethnicity are not significant.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should overcome the cross‐sectional limitation and take advantage of the panel aspect.Practical implicationsMany qualified, highly educated and talented women are not part of the labor market and the entrepreneurial world. Germany should encourage these women to work, as it needs skilled workers and a stronger entrepreneurial sector. Financial disparities still exist between West and East Germany.Originality/valueThe novelty comes from asserting that the entrepreneurial spirit can also exist in salaried jobs. The added value is the new empirical evidence on the importance of self‐employment in Germany, where women fare well and success does not depend on ethnicity.
Establishing and developing strategic relationships – the role for operations managers
Authors: Johnston Robert , Staughton Roy 
Published: May 2009

PurposeThe objectives of this paper are, first to identify, from the literature, the key themes in the management of strategic relationships, second to apply those themes to understand how exemplary organisations establish and develop strategic relationships and third to determine the role of operations managers in this process.Design/methodology/approachThis empirically based research comprised four phases; interviews with managers to identify exemplars, interviews with managers from 27 organisations, data analysis and testing of the findings.FindingsFrom a theoretical point of view, a revised definition of strategic relationships has been proposed. Many previously disparate elements of relationships have been brought together into seven dimensions of strategic relationships. The scope and nature of exemplary relationships have been captured within each of these dimensions identifying 24 elements, and suggested the key roles for operations managers in establishing and developing their strategic business relationships.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has responded to the call to help operations managers understand the skill sets required to help them establish and develop strategic business relationships. It has contributed to the growing literature on business relationships and also provided practical guidance for operations managers. The research has a number of inherent weaknesses including the interpretative nature of the analysis and that the interviews were only carried out with one party to the exemplary relationships. The focus of the research was limited to exemplary strategic relationships and the study was conducted in one sector, though a range of types of organisations were involved.Practical implicationsFrom a practitioner perspective, the outputs from the research have been summarised into a number of guidelines which flesh out the role for operations managers looking to identify, establish, evaluate or strengthen their role in establishing and developing strategic business relationships.Originality/valueThe paper provides an original and detailed perspective into the nature of strategic business relationships, irrespective of their position in the supply chain, and identifies how such relationships can be established and developed.