bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Livelihood Trajectories of Rural Young People in Southern Africa: Stuck in Loops?
Authors: Hajdu Flora , van Blerk Lorraine , Ansell Nicola , Hemsteede Roeland , Mwathunga Evance , Hlabana Thandie , Robson Elsbeth 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACTAttempts to boost rural development in the Global South tend to focus on ways in which people can transform their lives. Interventions are often designed to help overcome specific envisioned constraints and push individuals onto a pathway out of poverty. Research has contributed to nuancing this vision by documenting the non‐linearity of pathways, which often results in people being left in limbo or stuck, rather than moving forward. Based on a study in two villages in Malawi and Lesotho, this article argues that even these nuances do not fully capture the real‐life experiences of the 63 young people who participated. Interviews tracing the course of their lives between 2007–08 and 2016–17 reveal trajectories that are circular rather than linear, and show the detrimental effects of being stuck in these frustrating loops of taking action without progressing. Conceptualizing rural young people's livelihood trajectories in contexts of severe poverty as loops highlights the structural issues that need to be addressed if their lives are to be transformed. Understanding development as emancipation from sources of unfreedom means focusing on the structural constraints that keep some people in poverty, and the importance of attaining agency if they are to put their needs on the agenda and demand basic rights.
Modelling and assessment of glucose‐lactate kinetics in youth with overweight, obesity and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease: A pilot study
Authors: Bonet Jacopo , Fox Delaney , Nelson Rafaela , Nelson Michael B. , Nelson Loretta , Fernandez Cristina , Barbieri Emiliano , Dalla Man Chiara , Santoro Nicola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimIn this study, we investigated glucose and lactate kinetics during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 23 overweight and obese adolescents and assessed putative differences among participants with and without metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).MethodsWe enrolled 23 young people (six girls) with obesity [body mass index 33 (29‐37)]. Glucose‐lactate kinetics parameters (disposal glucose insulin sensitivity, SID; fraction of glucose converted into lactate, fr; fractional lactate clearance rate, kL) and lactate production rate (LPR) were estimated using the oral glucose‐lactate minimal model. MASLD presence was assessed using the proton density fat fraction. We analysed glucose, lactate and LPR time to peak, peak values and area under the curve and evaluated differences using the Wilcoxon test. MASLD and no‐MASLD participants were compared using the Mann‐Whitney test. Correlations between parameters were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). We also tested the performance of two (4 or 3 h OGTT) protocols in estimating oral glucose‐lactate minimal model and LPR parameters.ResultsGlucose peaks 30 min earlier than lactate (p = .0019). This pattern was present in the no‐MASLD group (p < .001). LPR peaks 30 min later in the MASLD group (p = .02). LPR and kL were higher in MASLD, suggesting higher glycolysis and lactate utilization. SID and fr correlate significantly (ρ = −0.55, p = .008). SID and fr were also correlated with the body mass index, (ρ = −0.45, p = .04; and ρ = 0.45; p = .03). The protocol duration did not influence the estimates of the parameters.DiscussionYouth with MASLD showed a delayed glucose metabolism, possibly because of greater utilization of the underlying substrates. A 3‐h OGTT may be used to assess lactate metabolism effectively.
Mitigative translocation of Singleton Mint Bush (Prostanthera cineolifera) on the NSW North Coast: Effects of soil texture, horticultural practice and bushfire on the translocation outcome
Authors: Benwell Andrew , Benwell‐Clarke Jeremy 
Published: May 2024

SummaryTranslocation of the threatened species Singelton Mint Bush (Prostanthera cineolifera R.T.Baker & H.G.Sm.) was carried out for a highway project on the New South Wales North Coast to mitigate development impact on this species. The translocation aimed to augment an existing population with propagated plants to compensate for cleared plants and conduct field research to better understand the effects of soil properties, horticultural practices and a wildfire on translocation results. A novel soil seedbank and fire method applied ex‐situ was used to propagate plants for introduction. After an initial attempt at site‐wide introduction resulted in widespread mortality of seedlings from a wilt disease, three plot‐based experiments were carried out to examine how disease incidence was related to spatial variation in soil properties and horticultural practices. The experiments showed that relatively subtle changes in the clay and sand content of soil strongly affected susceptibility of Singelton Mint Bush seedlings to wilt disease; 12 month old seedlings performed much better than 6 month old seedlings; plants propagated from seed performed better than cuttings, and most of the recipient site represented unsuitable habitat for Singelton Mint Bush. Sufficient Singelton Mint Bush seedlings were established after 3 years, but after a bushfire, the translocated cohort recruited poorly from seed, so that after 6 years, <10% of the total Singelton Mint Bush population in the recipient site was of translocated origin and >90% of in‐situ (pre‐translocation) origin. Lessons learnt from the translocation project were that: (i) microhabitat is as important as macrohabitat in selecting a translocation recipient site; (ii) short‐term survival may not be a reliable indicator of a self‐sustaining population; (iii) translocation incorporating designed experiments can greatly improve understanding of how certain factors influence species performance and (iv) horticultural practices can be as important as ecology in determining the translocation outcome.
Compétences et transitions professionnelles au Brésil
Authors: ADAMCZYK Willian , EHRL Philipp , MONASTERIO Leonardo 
Published: May 2024

RésuméLes auteurs font appel à l'apprentissage profond et au traitement du langage naturel pour construire des indicateurs de compétences et de distance professionnelle comparables entre pays, qu'ils utilisent pour produire des faits descriptifs sur les transitions professionnelles et la distribution des salaires au Brésil. À partir de données sur l'ensemble des contrats de travail formels conclus entre 2003 et 2018, ils constatent que les travailleurs mobilisant surtout des compétences cognitives non routinières sont mieux lotis en termes d'emploi, de salaire et de transition professionnelle. Ils observent des signes de progrès technologique biaisé et de polarisation de l'emploi après la crise économique brésilienne de 2014.
Penalización de la maternidad y prima de paternidad en la economía de plataformas en China. Impacto de la situación parental en los ingresos
Authors: ZHENG Qi , QIU Zitong , YANG Weiguo 
Published: May 2024

ResumenLa prima de paternidad y la penalización de la maternidad son conceptos clave en el estudio de la brecha de género en los ingresos. Los autores examinan la variación de ingresos por género en la economía de plataformas de China antes y después de tener hijos, mediante un modelo de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, un análisis de los mecanismos de influencia y la descomposición de Oaxaca‐Blinder. Constatan la desaparición de la penalización de la maternidad y la transformación de la prima de paternidad en penalización por efecto de las presiones laborales y la segregación ocupacional de género, lo que obliga a los hombres a conciliar el trabajo y el cuidado infantil de una forma no tan prevalente en otros sectores.
Calificación profesional y transiciones laborales en el Brasil
Authors: ADAMCZYK Willian , EHRL Philipp , MONASTERIO Leonardo 
Published: May 2024

ResumenEn este artículo se presentan dos métodos para obtener medidas de calificación profesional y distancias ocupacionales de comparabilidad internacional, basados en técnicas de aprendizaje automático y de procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Con estas medidas se generan hechos descriptivos sobre las transiciones laborales y la distribución salarial en el Brasil, tras analizar todos los contratos de trabajo formales registrados en el periodo 2003‐2018. Los trabajadores que utilizan intensivamente competencias cognitivas no rutinarias obtienen mejores resultados en cuanto al empleo, los salarios y el cambio de ocupación. Tras la crisis económica brasileña de 2014, se observan indicios de cambio tecnológico con sesgo de rutina y de polarización del empleo.
Temperament and past behaviour can predict behaviour success for nitrous oxide sedation
Authors: Chua Jeannette Ming Cheng , Hong Catherine Hsu Ling , Sim Yu Fan , Choe Ruth Wei , Dhillon Ishreen Kaur , Hu Shijia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is currently insufficient evidence on potential predictors of a child's behaviour with nitrous oxide (N2O) sedation.AimTo examine the association between a child's temperament and behavioural outcomes during dental treatment with N2O sedation, and the child's perception to N2O sedation.DesignAt the first visit (dental treatment visit), temperament was assessed using the Child Behaviour Questionnaire—Short Form and behaviour was assessed by an independent rater using the Venham Behaviour Rating Scale. At the second visit, the child's experience with N2O sedation was elicited.ResultsSeventy‐two healthy children aged between 36 and 95 months were recruited. Planned dental treatment was completed in 84.7% of the subjects. Venham behaviour success <3 and Venham behaviour success <1 were achieved in 73.6% and 33.3%, respectively. The temperament domain of effortful control was associated with Venham behaviour score (ρ = −0.266, p = .024) and Venham behaviour success <1 (OR = 3.506, 95% CI = 1.328–9.259, p = .011). Baseline Frankl behaviour score was significantly associated with all behavioural outcomes. Venham behaviour success <3 was significantly associated with a child reporting to have enjoyed the dental treatment visit (p = .026).ConclusionEffortful control and baseline behaviour were associated with behavioural outcomes of N2O sedation and can be used to predict a child's behaviour.
The relationships between certified nursing assistants' voice behaviour and job satisfaction, work engagement and turnover intentions: A two‐wave survey study
Authors: Kee Karin , van Wieringen Marieke , Nies Henk , Beersma Bianca 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimWhereas voice behaviour has been identified as a key precursor to safe and high‐quality patient care, little is known about how voice relates to key workforce outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between certified nursing assistants' perceived promotive voice behaviour (speaking up with suggestions for future improvement) and prohibitive voice behaviour (speaking up about problems or potentially harmful situations) and their self‐reported levels of job satisfaction, work engagement and turnover intentions.Design and methodsDutch certified nursing assistants were recruited for a two‐wave survey study through non‐random convenience sampling. The final sample contained 152 respondents. The data were analysed using multiple linear regression analyses. In all analyses, the dependent variable at time one was controlled for.ResultsCertified nursing assistants' promotive and prohibitive voice behaviour at time one were found to be positively related to their level of job satisfaction at time two while controlling for job satisfaction at time one. No relationships with work engagement or occupational turnover intentions were found.ConclusionWhile previous research has found positive effects of voice on patient safety outcomes and team and organizational improvements in care organizations, we demonstrate that voice is also related to a key workforce outcome, that is, certified nursing assistants' job satisfaction.Implications and impactRecognizing the interplay between voice behaviour and job satisfaction underscores the importance of creating work environments where certified nursing assistants feel able and willing to make their voices heard—with ideas and suggestions, as well as information regarding problems and concerns.Patient or public involvementThree certified nursing assistants have contributed to the development of the survey.
How do people with intellectual disabilities understand friendship? A systematic meta‐synthesis
Authors: Jackson Isabel , Dagnan Dave , Golding Laura , Rayner‐Smith Kelly 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious systematic reviews of the relationships of people with intellectual disabilities have included consideration of intimate relationships. In this paper, we report a systematic review of papers describing friendship only.MethodA systematic qualitative meta‐synthesis of the research exploring experiences of friendship as reported by people with intellectual disabilities.ResultsSeven papers met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified. (1) Reciprocity, ‘Someone who helps me, and I help them’. (2) The building blocks of friendships, ‘I can tell her some secrets’. (3) Managing friendship difficulties, ‘In real life it's much harder’.ConclusionPeople with intellectual disabilities value friendship and actively engage in reciprocal exchanges. We explore the strengths and limitations of current research, clinical implications, and directions for future research.
Inflammasome‐related gene signatures as prognostic biomarkers in osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhang Nan , Han Ying , Cao Hangkai , Wang Qingxin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma, the primary bone cancer in adolescents and young adults, is notorious for its aggressive growth and metastatic potential. Our study delved into the prognostic impact of inflammasome‐related gene signatures in osteosarcoma patients, employing comprehensive genetic profiling to uncover signatures linked with patient outcomes. We identified three patient subgroups through consensus clustering, with one showing worse survival rates correlated with high FGFR3 and RARB expressions. Immune profiling revealed significant immune cell infiltration differences among these subgroups, affecting survival. Utilising advanced machine learning, including StepCox and gradient boosting machine algorithms, we developed a prognostic model with a notable c‐index of 0.706, highlighting CD36 and MYD88 as key genes. Higher inflammasome risk scores from our model were associated with poorer survival, corroborated across datasets. In vitro experiments validated CD36 and MYD88's roles in promoting osteosarcoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration, emphasising their therapeutic potential. This research offers new insights into inflammasomes' role in osteosarcoma, introducing novel biomarkers for risk assessment and potential therapeutic targets. Our findings suggest a pathway towards personalised treatment strategies, potentially improving patient outcomes in osteosarcoma.
Low‐power pure‐cut hot snare polypectomy for colorectal polyps 10–14 mm in size: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kimura Hidenori , Takada Kazunori , Imai Kenichiro , Kishida Yoshihiro , Ito Sayo , Hotta Kinichi , Inoue Hiroto , Morita Yukihiro , Nishida Atsushi , Inatomi Osamu , Ono Hiroyuki , Andoh Akira 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and AimHot snare excision using electrocautery is widely used for large colorectal polyps (>10 mm); however, adverse events occur due to deep thermal injury. Colorectal polyps measuring 10–14 mm rarely include invasive cancer. Therefore, less invasive therapeutic options for this size category are demanding. We have developed hot snare polypectomy with low‐power pure‐cut current (LPPC HSP), which is expected to contribute to less deep thermal damage and lower risk of adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LPPC HSP for 10–14 mm colorectal polyps, compared with conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).MethodsIn this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, clinical outcomes of EMR and LPPC HSP for 10–14 mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps between January 2021 and March 2022 were compared using propensity score matching.ResultsWe identified 203 EMR and 208 LPPC HSP cases. After propensity score matching, the baseline characteristics between the groups were comparable, with 120 pairs. The en bloc and R0 resection rates were not significantly different between EMR and LPPC HSP groups (95.8% vs 97.5%, P = 0.72; 90.0% vs 91.7%, P = 0.82). The rates of delayed bleeding and perforation did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsCompared with conventional EMR, LPPC HSP showed a similar resection ability without an increase in adverse events. These results suggest that LPPC HSP is a safe and effective treatment for 10–14 mm nonpedunculated colorectal polyps.
Implementation of the International Classification of Diseases 11th revision behavioural indicators for disorders of intellectual development with co‐occurring autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lemay K. R. , Kogan C. S. , Rebello T. , Keeley J. W. , Bhargava R. , Buono S. , Cooray S. , Ginige P. , Kishore M. T. , Kommu J. V. S. , Recupero M. , Roy A. , Sharan P. , Reed G. M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe classification of mental, behavioural and neurodevelopmental disorders in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases 11th revision (ICD‐11) includes a comprehensive set of behavioural indicators (BIs) within the neurodevelopmental disorders grouping. BIs can be used to assess the severity of disorders of intellectual development in situations in which standardised measures of intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviours are not available or feasible. This international study examines the implementation characteristics of the BIs and compares them to standardised measures for assessing the severity of intellectual impairment and adaptive behaviours in disorders of intellectual development and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The clinical utility of the ICD‐11 and the fidelity of its application in international clinical settings were also assessed.MethodsA total of 116 children and adolescents (5–18 years old) with a suspected or established diagnosis of disorders of intellectual development were included across four sites [Italy (n = 18), Sri Lanka (n = 19) and two sites in India (n = 79)]. A principal component analysis was conducted to evaluate the application of the ICD‐11 guidance for combining severity levels.ResultsAssessment using the BIs showed a higher proportion of individuals classified with mild severity, whereas the standardised measures indicated a higher proportion of severe ratings. Additionally, individuals with co‐occurring ASD tended to have more severe impairments compared with those without ASD, as indicated by both BIs and standardised measures. Overall, the BIs were considered clinically useful, although more time and consideration were required when applying the guidelines for individuals with a co‐occurring disorder of intellectual development and ASD. The principal component analysis revealed one principal component representing overall disorders of intellectual development severity levels.ConclusionsThe ICD‐11 BIs can be implemented as intended in international clinical settings for a broad range of presentations of individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Use of the BIs results in similar severity diagnoses to those made using standardised measures. The BIs are expected to improve the reliability of severity assessments in settings where appropriate standardised measures for intellectual and adaptive behaviours are not available or feasible.
Thyroid hormone analogues: Promising therapeutic avenues to improve the neurodevelopmental outcomes of intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Chincarini Ginevra , Walker David W. , Wong Flora , Richardson Samantha J. , Cumberland Angela , Tolcos Mary 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pregnancy complication impairing fetal growth and development. The compromised development is often attributed to disruptions of oxygen and nutrient supply from the placenta, resulting in a number of unfavourable physiological outcomes with impaired brain and organ growth. IUGR is associated with compromised development of both grey and white matter, predisposing the infant to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including long‐lasting cognitive and motor difficulties. Cerebral thyroid hormone (TH) signalling, which plays a crucial role in regulating white and grey matter development, is dysregulated in IUGR, potentially contributing to the neurodevelopmental delays associated with this condition. Notably, one of the major TH transporters, monocarboxylate transporter‐8 (MCT8), is deficient in the fetal IUGR brain. Currently, no effective treatment to prevent or reverse IUGR exists. Management strategies involve close antenatal monitoring, management of maternal risk factors if present and early delivery if IUGR is found to be severe or worsening in utero. The overall goal is to determine the most appropriate time for delivery, balancing the risks of preterm birth with further fetal compromise due to IUGR. Drug candidates have shown either adverse effects or little to no benefits in this vulnerable population, urging further preclinical and clinical investigation to establish effective therapies. In this review, we discuss the major neuropathology of IUGR driven by uteroplacental insufficiency and the concomitant long‐term neurobehavioural impairments in individuals born IUGR. Importantly, we review the existing clinical and preclinical literature on cerebral TH signalling deficits, particularly the impaired expression of MCT8 and their correlation with IUGR. Lastly, we discuss the current evidence on MCT8‐independent TH analogues which mimic the brain actions of THs by being metabolised in a similar manner as promising, albeit underappreciated approaches to promote grey and white matter development and improve the neurobehavioural outcomes following IUGR.image