bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoter polymorphisms which modulate BACE1 expression are associated with sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Shan , Jia Jianping 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBeta‐site APP‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) gene has been suggested as a candidate gene for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known regarding the effects of polymorphisms in regulatory sequences of BACE1 on AD susceptibility. To evaluate the relationship between polymorphisms in the BACE1 promoter and sporadic AD (SAD) genetically and functionally, we performed a case‐control study (429 cases and 346 controls of Han Chinese descent) and functional characterization of the polymorphisms in vitro using luciferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Two polymorphisms (−918G/A, rs4938369; −2014T/C, rs3017608) were identified in the BACE1 promoter. The results showed that the −918G/A polymorphism was associated with SAD and the −918GG carriers had a 1.67‐fold higher risk for SAD than the carriers with −918AA and GA genotypes (OR = 1.667, 95% CI = 1.087–2.556, P = 0.019). The haplotype −918G/−2014T may be a possible risk factor for SAD (P = 0.016). Luciferase reporter assays showed the −918G allele and its resultant haplotype −918G/−2014T induced an increase of transcriptional activity. A more marked increase in −918G/−2014T transcriptional activity was seen when under hypoxia treatment. EMSA indicated that the −918G allele bound nuclear factors more strongly than −918A allele did. Our findings suggest that the BACE1 promoter polymorphisms which regulate BACE1 expression may contribute to SAD susceptibility. Further independent studies are required to verify our findings. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Katalytische Hydroaminoalkylierung
Authors: Roesky Peter W. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractExzellente Kupplungen: In letzter Zeit waren einige spannende Entwicklungen bei der metallkatalysierten C‐H‐Aktivierung von sp3‐Zentren in α‐Position zu einem Aminstickstoffatom und ihren Reaktionen mit Alkenen zu Alkylaminen (Hydroaminoalkylierung) zu verzeichnen (siehe allgemeines Schema), die in diesem Highlight zusammengefasst werden.magnified image
Amplification of the Cotton Effect of a Single Chromophore through Liposomal Ordering—Stereochemical Assignment of Plakinic Acids I and J
Authors: Dalisay Doralyn S. , Quach Tim , Nicholas Gillian N. , Molinski Tadeusz F. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractEine drastische Veränderung tritt ein, wenn acyclische N‐(2‐Naphthamide) mittellanger 1‐Amino‐2‐methylalkane mithilfe von Liposomen partiell geordnet werden: Der auf π‐π*‐Übergängen des endständigen Naphthamidchromophors beruhende Cotton‐Effekt wird enorm verstärkt. Dieser Effekt wurde für die Identifizierung der Konfiguration neuer Polyketidperoxide wie 1 aus dem Schwamm Plakortis halichondroides genutzt.magnified image
Copper‐Mediated Coupling of 1,1‐Dibromo‐1‐alkenes with Nitrogen Nucleophiles: A General Method for the Synthesis of Ynamides
Authors: Coste Alexis , Karthikeyan Ganesan , Couty François , Evano Gwilherm 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMilde Reaktionsbedingungen sind der Vorteil der Titelreaktion, die einen unproblematischen Zugang zu einer Vielzahl an Inamiden eröffnet. Einfach erhältliche 1,1‐Dibrom‐1‐alkene wirken als Alkinylierungsagentien (siehe Schema; EWG= elektronenziehende Gruppe, DMF=N,N‐Dimethylformamid).magnified image
Addition of Dimethylaminobismuth to Aldehydes, Ketones, Alkenes, and Alkynes
Authors: Nekoueishahraki Bijan , Sarish Sankaranarayana Pillai , Roesky Herbert W. , Stern Daniel , Schulzke Carola , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBi‐O‐Chemie: Bei einer direkten regioselektiven Route zu Bismut‐Bis(amino)naphthalin‐Verbindungen mit Bi‐O‐ und Bi‐C‐Bindungen wird eine Amidvorstufe mit Aldehyden, Ketonen, Alkenen und Alkinen umgesetzt, die unter Einschiebung in die Bi‐NMe2‐Bindung reagieren.magnified image
New Adventures in the Molecular Chemistry of Phosphorus
Authors: Russell Christopher A. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTeaching old dogs new tricks: Recent developments in low‐coordinate phosphorus chemistry reveal the capacity of this element for surprises. For example, P for CR substitution in new phosphaalkynes was used to stabilize purported intermediates in an important synthetic transformation, and also to form new diphosphacyclobutadiene sandwich complexes (see scheme).magnified image
An Optical Approach for Drug Screening Based on Light‐Harvesting Conjugated Polyelectrolytes
Authors: An Lingling , Liu Libing , Wang Shu , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDrugs turn the light off: Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have been used in fluorescent assays for real‐time screening of small molecules that prevent the RNA–protein complexation that is important for virus replication and thereby can be considered potential initial candidates for drug discovery (see picture).magnified image
Copper‐Mediated Coupling of 1,1‐Dibromo‐1‐alkenes with Nitrogen Nucleophiles: A General Method for the Synthesis of Ynamides
Authors: Coste Alexis , Karthikeyan Ganesan , Couty François , Evano Gwilherm 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMild reaction conditions are the advantage of the title reaction, which allows straightforward entry to a variety of ynamides starting from readily available 1,1‐dibromo‐1‐alkenes, which act as attractive alkynylating agents (see scheme; EWG=electron‐withdrawing group, DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide).magnified image
Determination of the Superradiance Coherence Length of Directly Linked Linear Porphyrin Arrays at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Yang Jaesung , Yoo Hyejin , Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro , Kim Dongho 
Published: May 2009

AbstractDown to the wire: Photobleaching dynamics show the exciton delocalization length of directly linked porphyrin arrays (see picture) to be about four or five porphyrin units at the single‐molecule level. This result provides a better understanding of how light‐signal transmission occurs in the solid state and gives a perspective for the porphyrin arrays to be used as single‐molecule photonic wires.magnified image
Tellurium(II)‐Centered Dications from the Pseudohalide “Te(OTf)2”
Authors: Dutton Jason L. , Tuononen Heikki M. , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTe for two: Supported by pyridine‐ or carbene‐based ligands, tellurium‐centered dications are prepared in high yield and include a dicationic tellurium analogue of the recently synthesized “carbodicarbene”. The key to accessing these compounds is the isolation of a base‐stabilized form of TeOTf2 (see structure), a new highly electrophilic reagent for tellurium chemistry.magnified image
Palladium bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionate) catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation and aminocarbonylation reactions
Authors: Tambade Pawan J. , Patil Yogesh P. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractPalladium bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionate), a structurally well defined O‐containing transition metal complex, is reported to be an efficient catalyst for alkoxycarbonylation and aminocarbonylation reactions under milder operating conditions. The system tolerated the carbonylative coupling of various aryl halides with phenol/alcohol and amines, providing good to excellent yields of desired products under optimized reaction conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV–visible spectroscopy for zirconocene activation by MAO in olefin polymerization: activity versus wavenumber
Authors: Alonso‐Moreno Carlos , Carrion Pedro , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Fernando , Antiñolo Antonio , Otero Antonio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractActivation of ansa‐zirconocenes of the type Rac [Zr{1‐Me2Si(3‐R‐(η5‐C9H5))(3‐R′‐(η5‐C9H5))}Cl2] [R = Et, R′ = H (1); R = Pr, R′ = H (2); and R = Et, R′ = Pr (3), R, R′ = Me (4) and R, R′ = Bu (5)] by MAO has been studied by UV–visible spectroscopy. Compounds 1–3 have been tested in the polymerization of ethylene at different Al:Zr ratios. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to determine a correlation between the electronic structures of (1–5) and their polymerization activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a biodegradable rice straw‐g‐poly(methyl methacrylate)/sodium silicate composite flame retardant
Authors: Samal Ramakanta , Sahoo Prafulla K. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractNatural fiber composites have been prepared by grafting hydrophobic monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto chemically modified rice straw (RS) using complex initiating system [CuSO4/glycine/ammonium persulfate (APS)] in an aqueous medium with and without the additive, sodium silicate (SS). The chemically modified RS, RS‐g‐PMMA, and RS‐g‐PMMA/SS composite have been characterized by FT‐IR, and their morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal behavior and tensile properties of the samples have been studied, and the flame retardant properties have also been evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test and cone calorimetry. The biodegradation and water absorbency have been carried out for its ecofriendly nature and better commercialization. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Consumer empowerment through metadata‐based information quality reporting: The Breast Cancer Knowledge Online Portal
Authors: McKemmish Sue , Manaszewicz Rosetta , Burstein Frada , Fisher Julie 
Published: May 2009

AbstractConsumer empowerment and the role of the expert patient in their own healthcare, enabled through timely access to quality information, have emerged as significant factors in better health and lifestyle outcomes. Governments, medical researchers, healthcare providers in the public and private sector, drug companies, health consumer groups, and individuals are increasingly looking to the Internet to both access and distribute health information, communicate with each other, and form supportive or collaborative online communities. Evaluating the accuracy, provenance, authority, and reliability of Web‐based health information is a major priority. The Breast Cancer Knowledge Online Portal project (BCKOnline) explored the individual and changing information and decision support needs of women with breast cancer and the issues they face when searching for relevant and reliable health information on the Internet. Its user‐sensitive research design integrated multidisciplinary methods including user information‐needs analysis, knowledge‐domain mapping, metadata modeling, and systems‐development research techniques. The main outcomes were a personalized information portal driven by a metadata repository of user‐sensitive resource descriptions, the BCKOnline Metadata Schema, richer understandings of the concepts of quality, relevance, and reliability, and a user‐sensitive design methodology. This article focuses on the innovative, metadata‐based quality reporting feature of the BCKOnline Portal, and concludes that it is timely to consider the inclusion of quality elements in resource discovery metadata schema, especially in the health domain.
Fluorite and Mixed‐Metal Kagome‐Related Topologies in Metal–Organic Framework Compounds: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Mahata Partha , Raghunathan Rajamani , Banerjee Debamalya , Sen Diptiman , Ramasesha S. , Bhat S. V. , Natarajan S. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCluster around: Fluorite and mixed‐metal Kagome‐related three‐dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) compounds have been prepared by the reaction between Mn2+ions and trimellitate anions. The octameric water clusters in the former can be reversibly adsorbed and both the compounds show interesting magnetic behavior.magnified imageTwo new three‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [Mn2(μ3‐OH)(H2O)2(BTC)]⋅2 H2O,I, and [NaMn(BTC)],II(BTC=1,2,4‐benzenetricarboxylate=trimellitate) were synthesized and their structures determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD). InI, the Mn4cluster, [Mn4(μ3‐OH)2(H2O)4O12], is connected with eight trimellitate anions and each trimellitate anion connects to four different Mn4clusters, resulting in a fluorite‐like structure. InII, the Mn2O8dimer is connected with two Na+ions through carboxylate oxygen to form mixed‐metal distorted Kagome‐related two‐dimensional MOM layers, which are pillared by the trimellitate anions forming the three‐dimensional structure. The extra‐framework water molecules inIare reversibly adsorbed and are also corroborated by powder XRD studies. The formation of octameric water clusters involving free and coordinated water molecules appears to be new. Interesting magnetic behavior has been observed for both compounds. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies indicate a broadening of the signal below the ordering temperature and appear to support the findings of the magnetic studies.
The long arms of anencephaly: A refutation
Authors: Barr Mason 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA paper published in 1925 reported that human fetuses with anencephaly have arms that are longer than normal. This finding was accepted as true through the early 1990s. An analysis of body dimensions done in 1996 and enlarged and updated here shows that the arms of human fetuses with anencephaly are appropriate for gestational age and normal in proportion to their leg lengths. A subtle difference in measurement technique was found to explain the discordant findings. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The mangled butterfly: Rorschach results from 45 violent psychopaths
Authors: Franks Kent W. , Sreenivasan Shoba , Spray Beverly J. , Kirkish Patricia 
Published: May 2009

AbstractParticipants were 45 violent California male prison inmates scoring 30 or more on the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL‐R; Hare, 1991, 2003). Inmates were evaluated using Rorschach and neuropsychological test data. The participants' intellectual functioning was within the low–average range and displayed a lack of flexibility. Rorschach data were not suggestive of chronic narcissism and anger as in other psychopathic samples. This group resembled Exner's normative sample of high Lambda adults. Consistent with previous studies, psychopaths demonstrated poor emotional modulation, diminished reality testing, little interest in people, and virtually no attachment capacity. Most utilized a simplistic, avoidant, and concrete style. This appeared to be consistent with the concrete thinking and fragmentation attributed to the criminal personality. Concrete thinking is based upon literal interpretations of events. Fragmentation is associated with attitudes that are situation specific and self‐serving. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What works in offender profiling? A comparison of typological, thematic, and multivariate models
Authors: Goodwill Alasdair M. , Alison Laurence J. , Beech Anthony R. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractUtilizing a sample of 85 stranger rapists, three models (Hazelwood's (1987) Power and Anger FBI model, the Behavioral Thematic evaluation of Canter, Bennell, Alison, and Reddy (2003), and the Massachusetts Treatment Center: Rape classification system revision 3 (MTC:R3, Knight & Prentky, 1990)) were contrasted with a multivariate regression approach to assess their ability to predict an offender's previous convictions from crime scene information. In respect of the three aforementioned models, logistic regression and AUC analysis indicated that the Power and Anger FBI model was the most effective, followed by the MTC:R3, and then the Behavioral Thematic evaluation. However, predictive analyses based on a multivariate approach using a mixture of crime scene behaviors, as opposed to the grouping of behaviors into themes or types as in the three models, far exceeded the predictive ability of the three models under AUC analysis. The results suggest that emphasis should be placed on further exploration of the predictive validity of each of the individual behaviors that comprise existing thematic, typological, and multivariate classification systems, especially those that are subject to inter‐situational variation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community sentiment and the juvenile offender: should juveniles charged with felony murder be waived into the adult criminal justice system?
Authors: Garberg Nicole M. , Libkuman Terry M. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractJuveniles are more likely than adult offenders to commit crimes in groups. This tendency makes the juvenile offender more susceptible to the felony murder rule. In three experiments we tested the notion that juveniles arrested and charged under the felony murder rule would be transferred into the adult criminal justice system based on an equalistic (i.e. the application of the felony murder rule) or a proportional (i.e. the just deserts philosophy) rule. Participants read case descriptions of an armed robbery (no death, accidental death, or intentional death) in which defendants had different levels of involvement in the crime (getaway driver, lookout, sidekick, or triggerman). Involvement was manipulated within subjects in Experiment 1 (i.e., participants rendered judgments for each defendant) and between subjects in Experiment 2 (i.e., each participant judged one of the defendants). The participants in Experiments 1 and 2 were undergraduate psychology students selected from a public university located in the mid‐west. The purpose of Experiment 3 was to determine whether the results of the first two experiments could be generalized to a community sample. The community sample was randomly selected from the rural and urban areas in the same geographical region as the university samples. The results indicated that the community participants were more likely to transfer the defendants to adult court than the student participants. However, the same pattern of results emerged for all of the samples, indicating that the triggerman was more likely to be transferred to adult court than the other defendants, especially if an intentional or accidental death occurred. These results support the conclusion that the defendants were transferred based on their involvement in the crime, thus supporting the proportional rule or the just deserts philosophy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Furstyling on angle‐split shell textures
Authors: Sheng Bin , Sun Hanqiu , Yang Gang , Wu Enhua 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a new method for modeling and rendering fur with a wide variety of furstyles. We simulate virtual fur using shell textures—a multiple layers of textured slices for its generality and efficiency. As shell textures usually suffer from the inherent visual gap errors due to the uniform discretization nature, we present theangle‐split shell textures(ASST) approach, which classifies the shell textures into different types with different numbers of texture layers, by splitting the angle space of the viewing angles between fur orientation and view direction. Our system can render the fur with biological patterns, and utilizes vector field and scalar field on ASST to control the geometric variations of the furry shape. Users can intuitively shape the fur by applying the combing, blowing, and interpolating effects in real time. Our approach is intuitive to implement without using complex data structures, with real‐time performance for dynamic fur appearances. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptual 3D pose distance estimation by boosting relational geometric features
Authors: Chen Cheng , Zhuang Yueting , Xiao Jun , Liang Zhang 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTraditional pose similarity functions based on joint coordinates or rotations often do not conform to human perception. We propose a new perceptual pose distance:Relational Geometric Distancethat accumulates the differences over a set of features that reflects the geometric relations between different body parts. An extensive relational geometric feature pool that contains a large number of potential features is defined, and the features effective for pose similarity estimation are selected using a set of labeled data by Adaboost. The extensive feature pool guarantees that a wide diversity of features is considered, and the boosting ensures that the selected features are optimized when used jointly. Finally, the selected features form a pose distance function that can be used for novel poses. Experiments show that our method outperforms others in emulating human perception in pose similarity. Our method can also adapt to specific motion types and capture the features that are important for pose similarity of a certain motion type. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a computational cognitive architecture for intelligent virtual character
Authors: Liew Pak‐San , Chin Ching‐Ling , Huang Zhiyong 
Published: May 2009

AbstractA development of a computational cognitive architecture for the simulation of intelligent virtual characters is described in this paper. By specializing and adapting from an existing structure for a situated design agent, we propose three process models—reflexive, reactive and reflective—which derive behavioural models that underlie intelligent behaviours for these characters. Various combinations of these process models allow intelligent virtual characters to reason in a reflexive, reactive and/or reflective manner according to the retrieval, modification and reconstruction of their memory contents. This paper offers an infrastructure for combining simple reasoning models, found in crowd simulations, and highly deliberative processing models or reasoning, found in ‘heavy’ agents with high‐level cognitive abilities. Intelligent virtual characters simulated via this adapted architecture can exhibit system level intelligence across a broad range of relevant tasks. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed architecture, we describe the effect of the reflexive, reactive and reflective processes on a virtual character in our virtual tour application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
6‐Amino‐6‐deoxy‐5,6‐di‐N‐(N′‐octyliminomethylidene)nojirimycin: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Crystal Structure in Complex with Acid β‐Glucosidase
Authors: Brumshtein Boris , Aguilar‐Moncayo Matilde , García‐Moreno M. Isabel , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , García Fernández José M. , Silman Israel , Shaaltiel Yoseph , Aviezer David , Sussman Joel L. , Futerman Anthony H. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract6‐Amino‐6‐deoxy‐5,6‐di‐N‐(N′‐octyliminomethylidene)nojirimycin, a reducing analogue of N‐nonyl‐1‐deoxynojirimycin, proved to be a potent and very selective inhibitor of β‐glucosidases, including human acid β‐glucosidase. Structural studies of the enzyme–inhibitor complex showed a binding mode in which the anomeric hydroxy group is accommodated in the “wrong” α configuration.magnified image
Multiple Evidence for Gold(I)⋅⋅⋅Silver(I) Interactions in Solution
Authors: Fernández Eduardo J. , Hardacre Christopher , Laguna Antonio , Lagunas M. Cristina , López‐de‐Luzuriaga José M. , Monge Miguel , Montiel Manuel , Olmos M. Elena , Puelles Raquel C. , Sánchez‐Forcada Eva 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMetallophilic Au⋅⋅⋅Ag interactions exist in concentrated solutions as well as in the 2D polymeric solid‐state structure of [AuAg3(C6F5)(CF3CO2)3(CH2PPh3)]n (see picture for the asymmetric unit) according to EXAFS and pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo NMR spectroscopy measurements. Calculations support both the emission assignments and the existence of the metallophilic interactions in solution.magnified image[AuAg3(C6F5)(CF3CO2)3(CH2PPh3)]n (2) was prepared by reaction of [Au(C6F5)(CH2PPh3)] (1) and [Ag(CF3CO2)] (1:3). The crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 were determined by X‐ray diffraction, and the latter shows a polymeric 2D arrangement built by Au⋅⋅⋅Ag, Ag⋅⋅⋅Ag, and Ag⋅⋅⋅O contacts. The metallophilic interactions observed in 2 in the solid state seem to be preserved in concentrated THF solutions, as suggested by EXAFS, pulsed‐gradient spin‐echo NMR, and photophysical studies, which showed that the structural motif [AuAg3(C6F5)(CF3CO2)3(CH2PPh3)] is maintained under such conditions. Time‐dependent DFT calculations agree with the experimental photophysical energies and suggest a metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer phosphorescence process. Ab initio calculations give an estimated interaction energy of around 60 kJ mol−1 for each Au⋅⋅⋅Ag interaction.