bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a synthetic plant volatile‐based attracticide for female noctuid moths. I. Potential sources of volatiles attractive to Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Del Socorro Alice P , Gregg Peter C , Alter Daniel , Moore Chris J 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThis paper is the first of a series which will describe the development of a synthetic plant volatile‐based attracticide for noctuid moths. It discusses potential sources of volatiles attractive to the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), and an approach to the combination of these volatiles in synthetic blends. We screened a number of known host and non‐host (for larval development) plants for attractiveness to unmated male and female moths of this species, using a two‐choice olfactometer system. Out of 38 plants tested, 33 were significantly attractive to both sexes. There was a strong correlation between attractiveness of plants to males and females. The Australian natives, Angophora floribunda and several Eucalyptus species were the most attractive plants. These plants have not been recorded either as larval or oviposition hosts of Helicoverpa spp., suggesting that attraction in the olfactometer might have been as nectar foraging rather than as oviposition sources. To identify potential compounds that might be useful in developing moth attractants, especially for females, collections of volatiles were made from plants that were attractive to moths in the olfactometer. Green leaf volatiles, floral volatiles, aromatic compounds, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were found. We propose an approach to developing synthetic attractants, here termed ‘super‐blending’, in which compounds from all these classes, which are in common between attractive plants, might be combined in blends which do not mimic any particular attractive plant.
Voluntary Association Involvement and Immigrant Network Diversity
Authors: Lauer S.R. , Yan M. C. 
Published: February 2010

AbstractIn this paper we examine the formation of diverse social ties among international migrants to Vancouver, Canada. We look specifically at the influence of involvement in Neighbourhood Houses ‐‐ a type of voluntary association ‐‐ on facilitating diverse tie formations. Past research has found that membership in different types of associations can lead to more or less network diversity. We build on this research by considering how different types of involvement can lead to either increases or decreases in cross‐ethnic or non‐immigrant ties among new immigrants. We find that targeted, instrumental types of involvement in Neighbourhood Houses can lead to more diverse immigrant social ties and that general, expressive types of involvement can lead to more homogeneous social ties.
Genetic and environmental influences on the transmission of parental depression to children’s depression and conduct disturbance: an extended Children of Twins study
Authors: Silberg Judy L. , Maes Hermine , Eaves Lindon J. 
Published: February 2010

Background:  Despite the increased risk of depression and conduct problems in children of depressed parents, the mechanism by which parental depression affects their children’s behavioral and emotional functioning is not well understood. The present study was undertaken to determine whether parental depression represents a genuine environmental risk factor in children’s psychopathology, or whether children’s depression/conduct can be explained as a secondary consequence of the genetic liability transmitted from parents to their offspring.Methods:  Children of Twins (COT) data collected on 2,674 adult female and male twins, their spouses, and 2,940 of their children were used to address whether genetic and/or family environmental factors best account for the association between depression in parents and depression and conduct problems in their children. Data collected on juvenile twins from the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD) were also included to estimate child‐specific genetic and environmental influences apart from those effects arising from the transmission of the parental depression itself. The fit of alternative Children of Twin models were evaluated using the statistical program Mx.Results:  The most compelling model for the association between parental and juvenile depression was a model of direct environmental risk. Both family environmental and genetic factors accounted for the association between parental depression and child conduct disturbance.Conclusions:  These findings illustrate how a genetically mediated behavior such as parental depression can have both an environmental and genetic impact on children’s behavior. We find developmentally specific genetic factors underlying risk to juvenile and adult depression. A shared genetic liability influences both parental depression and juvenile conduct disturbance, implicating child conduct disturbance (CD) as an early indicator of genetic risk for depression in adulthood. In summary, our analyses demonstrate differences in the impact of parental depression on different forms of child psychopathology, and at various stages of development.
Onset of Kleine‐Levin Syndrome in association with isotretinoin treatment
Authors: Smedje H , Schwan S , Hallberg E , Hallberg P 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThe synthetic retinoid isotretinoin is an effective treatment option for severe forms of acne vulgaris. However, several reports indicate that some patients experience altered central nervous system functions in association with treatment. We present here the first description of the onset of Kleine‐Levin Syndrome (KLS), a rare disorder characterised by periodic hypersomnia and cognitive and behavioural symptoms, in close temporal relation to the start of isotretinoin treatment. We also discuss the biological potential of retinoids to affect sleep.Conclusions:  In light of a documented potential of retinoids to modulate sleep‐wake regulation, the present case suggests that isotretinoin may rarely trigger the onset of KLS.
Invasive Temperate Species are a Threat to Tropical Island Biodiversity
Authors: Meyer Wallace M. , Cowie Robert H. 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACTTo protect the remaining biodiversity on tropical islands it is important to predict the elevational ranges of non‐native species. We evaluated two hypotheses by examining land snail faunas on the eastern (windward) side of the island of Hawaii: (1) the latitude of a species' native region can be used to predict its potential elevational range and (2) non‐native temperate species, which experience greater climatic fluctuations in their native range, are more likely to become established at higher elevations and to extend over larger elevational ranges than non‐native tropical species. All non‐native tropical species were distributed patchily among sites ≤500 m and occupied small elevational ranges, whereas species introduced from temperate regions occupied wide elevational ranges and formed a distinct fauna spanning elevations 500–2000 m. Most native land snail species and ecosystems occur >500 m in areas dominated by temperate non‐native snail and slug species. Therefore, knowing the native latitudinal region of a non‐native species is important for conservation of tropical island ecosystems because it can be translated into potential elevational range if those species are introduced. Because temperate species will survive in tropical locales particularly at high elevation, on many tropical islands the last refuges of the native species, preventing introduction of temperate species should be a conservation priority.
Hypothesis: It Is Time to Reconsider Phenotypes in Hypertension
Authors: Orias Marcelo , Tabares Aldo H. , Peixoto Aldo J. 
Published: February 2010

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The study of genes and mechanisms associated with hypertension is hampered by the heterogeneity of hypertensive patients. Refining the definition of hypertension is a potential means of improving the clarity of mechanistic studies, but the lack of intermediate phenotypes hinders the assessment of causal relationships. Looking at younger individuals and hemodynamic subsets of hypertension is one such refinement. The authors argue that the separate analysis of patients with isolated diastolic hypertension, predominantly diastolic hypertension, and isolated systolic hypertension in the young in combination with common biomarkers may be an initial step to decrease heterogeneity within patient subsets, thus providing new avenues for genetic and pathophysiological studies.
EXTEND‐I: safety and efficacy of ranibizumab in Japanese patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Tano Yasuo , Ohji Masahito 
Published: February 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in Japanese patients.Methods:  This open‐label, multicentre, Phase I/II study enroled patients into Group A (single injection of ranibizumab nonrandomized doses of 0.3 or 0.5 mg followed by 11 monthly injections of the same dose) and Group B (12 monthly injections of ranibizumab randomized to 0.3 or 0.5 mg). The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean change from baseline in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) score at Month 6. Safety was evaluated in all patients who received ranibizumab.Results:  Of 88 patients enroled, 12 entered Group A (six per dose) and 76 entered Group B (0.3 mg: n = 35; 0.5 mg: n = 41). Mean change from baseline in BCVA was significantly increased for both doses (Group B) at Month 6 (0.3 mg: +8.1 letters, p = 0.0006; 0.5 mg: +9.0 letters, p < 0.0001) and Month 12 (0.3 mg: +9.5 letters, p = 0.0001; 0.5 mg: +10.5 letters, p < 0.0001). At Month 12, one patient (0.3 mg) and 0 patients (0.5 mg) lost ≥15 letters, while 37.1% (0.3 mg) and 31.7% (0.5 mg) of patients gained ≥15 letters. Ocular serious adverse events (SAEs) of the study eye were reported in 1 and 2 patients in the 0.3‐ and 0.5‐mg groups, respectively. Nonocular SAEs were experienced by 2 and 5 patients in the 0.3‐ and 0.5‐mg groups, respectively. No cases of endophthalmitis were reported.Conclusion:  Ranibizumab was effective and well tolerated in Japanese patients with subfoveal CNV secondary to AMD.
Comparison of bimanual and micro‐coaxial phacoemulsification with torsional ultrasound
Authors: Wang Yujuan , Xia Yuanling , Liu Xialin , Zheng Danying , Luo Lixia , Liu Yizhi 
Published: February 2010

Abstract.Purpose:  To evaluate the efficacy and postoperative outcomes of bimanual and micro‐coaxial phacoemulsification with torsional ultrasound.Methods:  In this prospective randomized series, eyes with age‐related cataract were randomly divided into bimanual phacoemulsification and micro‐coaxial phacoemulsification groups. Data included preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), central/temporal corneal thickness, endothelial cell density and intraoperative ultrasound time, cumulative dissipated energy and balanced salt solution volume.Results:  The study evaluated 89 patients (89 eyes). When compared between micro‐coaxial and bimanual phaco groups, ultrasound time (57 ± 24 second versus 85 ± 40 second, p < 0.01), cumulative dissipated energy (10 ± 7 versus 14 ± 7, p = 0.01) and balanced salt solution volume (55 ± 19 ml l versus 75 ± 20 ml, p < 0.01) were significantly lower in micro‐coaxial phaco group. At 1 day, there were no statistically significant differences in CDVA (p = 0.68) or central corneal thickness (p = 0.48) between two groups; temporal corneal thickness was statistically significantly thicker in bimanual phaco group (1247 ± 123 μm) than that in micro‐coaxial phaco group (1108 ± 131 μm, p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in CDVA, central/temporal corneal thickness, or endothelial cell density between two groups 30 days postoperatively (all p values >0.05).Conclusion:  With rapid visual rehabilitation and comparable endothelial cell loss, both bimanual and micro‐coaxial phacoemulsification procedures with torsional ultrasound are efficient for moderate nuclear cataract extraction.
Npr2, Yeast Homolog of the Human Tumor Suppressor
NPRL2
, Is a Target of Grr1 Required for Adaptation to Growth on Diverse Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Spielewoy Nathalie , Guaderrama Marisela , Wohlschlegel James A. , Ashe Mabelle , Yates John R. , Wittenberg Curt 
Published: February 2010

ABSTRACT

Npr2, a putative “nitrogen permease regulator” and homolog of the human tumor suppressor
NPRL2
, was found to interact with Grr1, the F-box component of the SCF
Grr1
(Skp1–cullin–F-box protein complex containing Grr1) E3 ubiquitin ligase, by mass spectrometry-based multidimensional protein identification technology. Npr2 has two PEST sequences and has been previously identified among ubiquitinated proteins. Like other Grr1 targets, Npr2 is a phosphoprotein. Phosphorylated Npr2 accumulates in
grr1
Δ mutants, and Npr2 is stabilized in cells with inactivated proteasomes. Phosphorylation and instability depend upon the type I casein kinases (CK1) Yck1 and Yck2. Overexpression of Npr2 is detrimental to cells and is lethal in
grr1
Δ mutants. Npr2 is required for robust growth in defined medium containing ammonium or urea as a nitrogen source but not for growth on rich medium.
npr2
Δ mutants also fail to efficiently complete meiosis. Together, these data indicate that Npr2 is a phosphorylation-dependent target of the SCF
Grr1
E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a role in cell growth on some nitrogen sources.
An information-theoretic analysis of worst-case redundancy in database design
Authors: Kolahi Solmaz , Libkin Leonid 
Published: February 2010

Normal forms that guide the process of database schema design have several key goals such as elimination of redundancies and preservation of integrity constraints, such as functional dependencies. It has long been known that complete elimination of redundancies and complete preservation of constraints cannot be achieved simultaneously. In this article, we use a recently introduced information-theoretic framework, and provide a quantitative analysis of the redundancy/integrity preservation trade-off, and give techniques for comparing different schema designs in terms of the amount of redundancy they carry.
The main notion of the information-theoretic framework is that of an information content of each datum in an instance (which is a number in [0,1]): the closer to 1, the less redundancy it carries. We start by providing a combinatorial criterion that lets us calculate, for a relational schema with functional dependencies, the lowest information content in its instances. This indicates how good the schema design is in terms of allowing redundant information. We then study the normal form 3NF, which tolerates some redundancy to guarantee preservation of functional dependencies. The main result provides a formal justification for normal form 3NF by showing that this normal form pays the smallest possible price, in terms of redundancy, for achieving dependency preservation. We also give techniques for quantitative comparison of different normal forms based on the redundancy they tolerate.
From the animation industry to academia and research
Authors: Chavez Mark 
Published: February 2010

It seems like it was practically just a few years ago that I was living Los Angeles, California, commuting on the freeway and working on "The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe". I left that project upon the completion of my tasks to join in setting up an art school at a technological university in Singapore.
It was a good respite from years of production work in "Hollywood." Not that I disliked working in the visual effects and animation industry, quite the contrary. After working in computer animation for the past 25 years, first in Los Angeles, then overseas in Tokyo, in New York and finally returning to Los Angeles in 1995, entering corporate animation production (and salary) was a great opportunity to do interesting work with teams of talented people from many different backgrounds: artists, animators, software developers, research scientists and of course experienced and capable producers. Though production work was engaging particularly in situations where we were developing pipelines and techniques, there is a limit to how many times I could do the same or similar thing and find it interesting. Though I did live and work in Tokyo years earlier I had not considered the possibility pursuing my interests in South East Asia until I looked at the broader scope of career opportunities in an academic and research environment.
A Case of Open and Shut: The Five Thresholds in 1 Samuel 1:1-7:2
Authors: Meredith Christopher 
Published: February 2010

AbstractThough scholars have occasionally noted various parings of the five thresholds of 1 Samuel's first six chapters, the overall spatial construction of the text has generally been neglected. This article argues that the five doors form a spatially organised schema that structures both the text and the described universe, it assesses how the text socially (re) produces space within this matrix and poses questions as to how spatial dialectics and character interaction might collude in the processes of constituting and reconstituting the world as marked out by these thresholds.
The Impact of Evaporation on Polarimetric Characteristics of Rain: Theoretical Model and Practical Implications
Authors: Kumjian Matthew R. , Ryzhkov Alexander V. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Soon, the National Weather Service’s Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network will be upgraded to allow dual-polarization capabilities. Therefore, it is imperative to understand and identify microphysical processes using the polarimetric variables. Though melting and size sorting of hydrometeors have been investigated, there has been relatively little focus devoted to the impacts of evaporation on the polarimetric characteristics of rainfall. In this study, a simple explicit bin microphysics one-dimensional rainshaft model is constructed to quantify the impacts of evaporation (neglecting the collisional processes) on vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables in rain. The results of this model are applicable for light to moderate rain (&lt;10 mm h−1). The modeling results indicate that the amount of evaporation that occurs in the subcloud layer is strongly dependent on the initial shape of the drop size distribution aloft, which can be assessed with polarimetric measurements. Understanding how radar-estimated rainfall rates may change in height due to evaporation is important for quantitative precipitation estimates, especially in regions far from the radar or in regions of complex terrain where low levels may not be adequately sampled. In addition to quantifying the effects of evaporation, a simple method of estimating the amount of evaporation that occurs in a given environment based on polarimetric radar measurements of the reflectivity factor ZH and differential reflectivity ZDR aloft is offered. Such a technique may be useful to operational meteorologists and hydrologists in estimating the amount of precipitation reaching the surface, especially in regions of poor low-level radar coverage such as mountainous regions or locations at large distances from the radar.
Assessing the Impact of Meteorological History on Subtropical Cloud Fraction
Authors: Mauger Guillaume S. , Norris Joel R. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
This study presents findings from the application of a new Lagrangian method used to evaluate the meteorological sensitivities of subtropical clouds in the northeast Atlantic. Parcel back trajectories are used to account for the influence of previous meteorological conditions on cloud properties, whereas forward trajectories highlight the continued evolution of cloud state. Satellite retrievals from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) provide measurements of cloud properties as well as atmospheric state. These are complemented by meteorological fields from the ECMWF operational analysis model. Observations are composited by cloud fraction, and mean trajectories are used to evaluate differences between each composite.
Systematic differences in meteorological conditions are found to extend through the full 144-h trajectories, confirming the need to account for cloud history in assessing impacts on cloud properties. Most striking among these is the observation that strong synoptic-scale divergence is associated with reduced cloud fraction 0–12 h later. Consistent with prior work, the authors find that cloud cover variations correlate best with variations in lower-tropospheric stability (LTS) and SST that are 36 h upwind. In addition, the authors find that free-tropospheric humidity, along-trajectory SST gradient, and surface fluxes all correlate best at lags ranging from 0 to 12 h. Overall, cloud cover appears to be most strongly impacted by variations in surface divergence over short time scales (&lt;12 h) and by factors influencing boundary layer stratification over longer time scales (12–48 h).
Notably, in the early part of the trajectories several of the above associations are reversed. In particular, when trajectories computed for small cloud fraction scenes are traced back 72 h, they are found to originate in conditions of weaker surface divergence and stronger surface fluxes relative to those computed for large cloud fraction scenes. Coupled with a drier boundary layer and warmer SSTs, this suggests that a decoupling of the boundary layer precedes cloud dissipation. The authors develop an approximation for the stratification of the boundary layer and find further evidence that stratification plays a role in differentiating between developing and dissipating clouds.
The Importance of Climate Variability to Wind-Driven Modulation of Hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Scully Malcolm E. 
Published: February 2010

Abstract
Extensive hypoxia remains a problem in Chesapeake Bay, despite some reductions in estimated nutrient inputs. An analysis of a 58-yr time series of summer hypoxia reveals that a significant fraction of the interannual variability observed in Chesapeake Bay is correlated to changes in summertime wind direction that are the result of large-scale climate variability. Beginning around 1980, the surface pressure associated with the summer Bermuda high has weakened, favoring winds from a more westerly direction, the direction most correlated with observed hypoxia. Regression analysis suggests that the long-term increase in hypoxic volume observed in this dataset is only accounted for when both changes in wind direction and nitrogen loading are considered.