bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes following hip fractures in Australian indigenous patients with non‐Australian indigenous patients
Authors: Cheok Tim , Bastick Kate , George Daniel , Chan Teik Seng , Jaitly Aayush , Jayasekera Narlaka , Bray Linda , Poonnoose Pradeep Mathew , Williams Kanishka 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAustralian Indigenous (AI) populations face significant socioeconomic disadvantage and have poorer health outcomes when compared to their non‐AI counterparts. There is a paucity of published literature on outcomes following hip fracture in the AI population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study comparing outcomes following hip fracture in AI and non‐ AI patients presenting to a single regional trauma centre. The primary outcome of interest was all‐cause mortality. Secondary outcomes of interest were the odds of postoperative delirium and length of stay in hospital. All outcomes were adjusted against collected baseline covariates.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐seven hip fractures were identified across 125 patients. There were 62 hip fractures in the AI group and 65 in the non‐AI group. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all‐cause mortality was not statistically significant when comparing Indigenous versus non‐Indigenous patients (HR = 2.37, P = 0.055). Adjusted odds of postoperative delirium was lower in Indigenous patients (OR = 0.12; P = 0.018). The AI cohort had a 4 day longer median length of stay, which was not statistically significant when adjusted for covariates.ConclusionAI patients with hip fractures were younger, had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index Score and American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade, as well as a higher incidence of diabetes and associated end‐organ sequalae. There was no difference in all‐cause mortality. Odds of postoperative delirium was lower in the AI group. We did not find any difference in the length of hospital stay.
School holidays and respiratory syncytial virus transmission in Sweden: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Dallagiacoma Giulia , Radó Márta K. , Odone Anna , Alfvén Tobias , Rhedin Samuel A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) represents a significant cause of morbidity for children worldwide, especially for newborns. As RSV vaccines are not routinely used for children yet, non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) represent the main strategy for prevention. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between school holidays and RSV transmission.MethodsData were collected from the weekly reports on RSV incidence for the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons in Sweden. The 7‐day cumulative incidence of RSV was compared before and after the designated school holidays (Fall, Christmas, and Winter holidays).ResultsOur findings reveal an immediate (−1.7%, p < 0.001, 95% CI [−3.1%, −0.4%]) and gradual (−1.4%/week, p < 0.001, 95%CI [−1.8, −1.0]) reduction in RSV incidence following the Fall holiday in 2021, especially among children under 1 year of age, both immediately (−107.6%, p < 0.05, 95% CI [−203.7, −11.5]) and gradually afterwards (−58.5%/week, p < 0.001, 95% CI [−72.7, −44.3]). Mixed results were obtained for the Fall in 2022/2023 and for the Winter and holidays in both the studied years.ConclusionsWhile the Fall holiday in 2021/2022 was associated with a decrease in RSV incidence in Sweden, our results do not support a universal effect of school holidays on reducing RSV transmission.
Letter: Third‐line therapy in acute severe ulcerative colitis, exploring the uncertainty and unanswered questions—Authors' reply
Authors: García María José , Gisbert Javier P. , Chaparro María 
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to García et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17938 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18056.
Editorial: Sonographic assessment of colonic content—A new tool for constipation? Authors' reply
Authors: Mathias R. M. , Chu M. K. W. , Edwards S. , Day A. S. , Ma C. , Jairath V. , Bryant R. V. 
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Mathias et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18029 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18100
Works councils and workers’ party preferences in Germany
Authors: Jirjahn Uwe , Le Thi Xuan Thu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractResearch on the consequences of works councils has been dominated by economic aspects. Our study provides evidence that works councils have non‐financial consequences for society that go beyond the boundaries of the workplace. Using panel data from a large sample of workers in Germany, we show that works councils have an influence on workers’ party preferences. Works council presence is negatively associated with preferences for extreme right‐wing parties and positively associated with preferences for the Social Democratic Party and The Left. These results hold in panel data estimations including a large set of controls and accounting for unobserved individual‐specific factors. Our findings fit the notion that workplace democracy increases workers’ solidarity and their awareness of social and political issues. However, the influence of works council representation on party preferences is gender‐specific. Asymmetric gender norms within society may entail a lower responsiveness of women's party preferences to workplace democracy.
Bats and Mayan temples: Bat diversity and the potential for conservation of archeological zones in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Cafaggi Daniela , Marín Ganesh , Medellin Rodrigo A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe role of archeological zones in biological conservation has been highlighted because of their restrictions over land‐use change, size, and maintenance of upstanding vegetation. The Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico has over 2000 archeological zones amidst biological, ecological, and culturally diverse landscapes. However, due to population centers and tourism growth, the peninsula is experiencing high deforestation and habitat fragmentation rates. To explore the role of archeological zones in biological conservation, we focused on bat species because of their high mobility, use of human structures as refugia, and the ecosystem services they provide. Using mist nets and roost surveys, we compared the bat diversity in four highly visited archeological zones during the dry and wet seasons. In a total effort of 34,560 m2 mist net hours, we found 23 species from six families and seven guilds, representing 53% of all bat species known from the Yucatan state, including two endangered species for Mexico: Mimon cozumelae and Micronycteris schmidtorum. We found between 12 and 19 species in each archeological zone, and the communities were similar between the four sites and between seasons. The Phyllostomidae family was dominant across all sites, accounting for 92% of all the captures. We also recorded 12 species across 52 diurnal and nocturnal roosts, suggesting that Mayan archeological structures could offer several advantages to bats despite the high visitation of tourists. Our results emphasize the need to conduct research beyond natural protected areas to complement conservation policies and incentivize the inclusion of archeological zones in Yucatan's bat conservation plans.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Creditors at the Gate: Effects of Selective Environmental Disclosure on the Cost of Debt
Authors: Attig Najah , Rahaman Mohammad , Trabelsi Samir 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueWhat is the impact of selective environmental disclosure, also known as greenwashing, on firms' credit risk profiles? Can the superior information and monitoring abilities of private lenders serve as environmental governance mechanisms to promote the adoption of ESG best practices by firms?Research Findings/InsightsThrough detailed examination of private debt contracts and environmental disclosure practices, we reveal that private lenders impose financial penalties on firms with poor environmental records, manifesting as higher spreads and loan‐related fees. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that greenwashing, or misleading environmental transparency, results in increased debt financing costs for firms. Moreover, lenders may adopt lenient nonprice terms to mitigate the impact of higher loan costs on firms engaged in selective environmental disclosure. This intricate contract design allows lenders to extract appropriate returns without hindering firms' access to external financing.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur findings underscore the significance of private creditors in enhancing environmental disclosure standards within the corporate sphere. Additionally, our evidence emphasizes the importance of integrating firms' environmental impact into theoretical and empirical credit risk models.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe intricate contract structures of bank loans can effectively address the informational risks associated with selective disclosure, without impeding firms' access to external financing. Hence, this financing mechanism holds the potential to enhance the ESG performance of firms.
The adiponectin‐derived peptide ALY688 protects against the development of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Huang Zhe , Sung Hye Kyoung , Yan Xingqun , He Shiyu , Jin Leigang , Wang Qin , Wu Xuerui , Hsu Henry H. , Pignalosa Angelica , Crawford Kathryn , Sweeney Gary , Xu Aimin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the severe form of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease which has a high potential to progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet adequate effective therapies are lacking. Hypoadiponectinemia is causally involved in the pathogenesis of MASH. This study investigated the pharmacological effects of adiponectin replacement therapy with the adiponectin‐derived peptide ALY688 (ALY688‐SR) in a mouse model of MASH. Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell‐derived hepatocytes were used to test cytotoxicity and signaling of unmodified ALY688 in vitro. High‐fat diet with low methionine and no added choline (CDAHF) was used to induce MASH and test the effects of ALY688‐SR in vivo. Histological MASH activity score (NAS) and fibrosis score were determined to assess the effect of ALY688‐SR. Transcriptional characterization of mice through RNA sequencing was performed to indicate potential molecular mechanisms involved. In cultured hepatocytes, ALY688 efficiently induced adiponectin‐like signaling, including the AMP‐activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, and did not elicit cytotoxicity. Administration of ALY688‐SR in mice did not influence body weight but significantly ameliorated CDAHF‐induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, therefore effectively preventing the development and progression of MASH. Mechanistically, ALY688‐SR treatment markedly induced hepatic expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, whereas it significantly suppressed the expression of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic genes as demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis. ALY688‐SR may represent an effective approach in MASH treatment. Its mode of action involves inhibition of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, possibly via canonical adiponectin‐mediated signaling.
Safeguarding and inheriting intangible cultural heritage music in the Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir area: A case study on Lore
Authors: Yang Su 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSafeguarding and inheriting a society's intangible cultural heritage (ICH) music is essential for preserving cultural identity and fostering cultural diversity. A primary motivation for the formation and continuous activities of the heritage preservation community is the concern over losing valuable cultural assets. Incomplete histories, missing documents, and limited access to both tangible and intangible resources are all repercussions of lost heritage, affecting both the public and scholarly sectors. Given the inherent fragility of intangible cultural forms such as dance, language, and music, archives tasked with preserving these records face unique challenges. These forms can easily vanish without proper documentation and preservation, reinforcing the vital role of the relevant organizations. So, this study explores the unique musical traditions of the Chongqing Three Gorges Reservoir area (CTGRA), along with the various methods for protecting and promoting this ICH. In‐depth information on regional musical traditions, as well as the challenges and possibilities related to conserving and transmitting these practices, was gathered via participant observation, interviews, and field study. The major ways of preserving and transmitting ICH music are storytelling and oral practices that connect communities and musical histories and promote their identity. This study reveals several practices of preserving and transmitting ICH music, such as raising awareness of people, encouraging local artists, and using digital media and advanced technology. This study argues that the rich cultural heritage of the CTGRA is preserved and inherited to future generations by implementing strategies that leverage the power of narrative and support the continuation of these musical practices.
Corporate culture as a theory of the firm
Authors: Gorton Gary B. , Zentefis Alexander K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMarkets and firms offer contrasting methods to arrange production. In markets, contracts govern the purchase of parts and services. In firms, the shared values, customs and norms coming from a corporate culture govern employees' joint development of parts and services. We argue for this distinction as a theory of the firm. Firms exist because corporate culture at times is more efficient to carry out production than are detailed contracts. The firm's boundary encircles the areas of production for which a manager optimally chooses corporate culture as the organizing device. Consistent with empirical evidence, the model explains why some mergers and acquisitions fail, and why corporate cultures are hard to change.
Prognosis of pediatric BCP‐ALL with IKZF1 deletions and impact of intensive chemotherapy: Results of SCCLG‐2016 study
Authors: Lin Shaofen , Liao Ning , Li Xinyu , Yang Lihua , He Yun‐yan , Tang Yan‐Lai , Wan Wu‐Qing , Jia Wenguang , Zhang Ya‐jie , Kong Qian , Long Xingjiang , Lan Xiang , Ling Ya‐yun , Lin Danna , Zhang Xiao‐li , Wen Chuan , Li Chi‐kong , Xu Hong‐gui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundIKZF1 deletion (IKZF1del) is associated with poor prognosis in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL). But the prognosis of IKZF1del combined with other prognostic stratification factors remains unclear. Whether intensified treatment improves BCP‐ALL prognosis has not been determined.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 1291 pediatric patients diagnosed with BCP‐ALL and treated with the South China Children's Leukemia 2016 protocol. Patients were stratified based on IKZF1 status for comparison of characteristics and outcome. Additionally, IKZF1del patients were further divided based on chemotherapy intensity for outcome assessments.ResultsThe BCP‐ALL pediatric patients with IKZF1del in south China showed poorer early response. Notably, the DFS and OS for IKZF1del patients were markedly lower than IKZF1wt group (3‐year DFS: 88.7% [95% CI: 83.4%–94.0%] vs. 93.5% [95% CI: 92.0%–94.9%], P = .021; 3‐year OS: 90.7% [95% CI: 85.8% to 95.6%] vs. 96.1% [95% CI: 95% to 97.2%, P = .003]), with a concurrent increase in 3‐year TRM (6.4% [95% CI: 2.3%–10.5%] vs. 2.9% [95% CI: 1.9%–3.8%], P = .025). However, the 3‐year CIR was comparable between the two groups (5.7% [95% CI: 1.8%–9.5%] vs. 3.7% [95% CI: 2.6%–4.7%], P = .138). Subgroup analyses reveal no factor significantly influenced the prognosis of the IKZF1del cohort. Noteworthy, intensive chemotherapy improved DFS from 85.7% ± 4.1% to 94.1% ± 0.7% in IKZF1del group (P = .084). Particularly in BCR::ABL positive subgroup, the 3‐year DFS was remarkably improved from 53.6% ± 20.1% with non‐intensive chemotherapy to 100% with intensive chemotherapy (P = .026).ConclusionsPediatric BCP‐ALL patients with IKZF1del in South China manifest poor outcomes without independent prognostic significance. While no factor substantially alters the prognosis in the IKZF1del group. Intensified chemotherapy may reduce relapse rates and improve DFS in patients with IKZF1del subset, particularly in IKZFdel patients with BCR::ABL positive.
Modeling individual growth reveals decreasing gray whale body length and correlations with ocean climate indices at multiple scales
Authors: Pirotta Enrico , Bierlich K. C. , New Leslie , Hildebrand Lisa , Bird Clara N. , Fernandez Ajó Alejandro , Torres Leigh G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChanges in body size have been documented across taxa in response to human activities and climate change. Body size influences many aspects of an individual's physiology, behavior, and ecology, ultimately affecting life history performance and resilience to stressors. In this study, we developed an analytical approach to model individual growth patterns using aerial imagery collected via drones, which can be used to investigate shifts in body size in a population and the associated drivers. We applied the method to a large morphological dataset of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) using a distinct foraging ground along the NE Pacific coast, and found that the asymptotic length of these whales has declined since around the year 2000 at an average rate of 0.05–0.12 m/y. The decline has been stronger in females, which are estimated to be now comparable in size to males, minimizing sexual dimorphism. We show that the decline in asymptotic length is correlated with two oceanographic metrics acting as proxies of habitat quality at different scales: the mean Pacific Decadal Oscillation index, and the mean ratio between upwelling intensity in a season and the number of relaxation events. These results suggest that the decline in gray whale body size may represent a plastic response to changing environmental conditions. Decreasing body size could have cascading effects on the population's demography, ability to adjust to environmental changes, and ecological influence on the structure of their community. This finding adds to the mounting evidence that body size is shrinking in several marine populations in association with climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. Our modeling approach is broadly applicable across multiple systems where morphological data on megafauna are collected using drones.
Alder expansion stimulates nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from southern Eurasian permafrost peatlands
Authors: Liu Chunyan , Yue Hongyu , Zhang Wei , Yao Zhisheng , Pan Yuepeng , Wang Xianwei , Song Changchun , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Dannenmann Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNitrogen oxides (NOx) play an important role for atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing. However, NOx emissions from the vast northern circumpolar permafrost regions have not been studied in situ due to limitations of measurement techniques. Our goals were to validate the offline analytical technique, and based on this, to widely quantify in situ NOx emissions from peatlands in the southern Eurasian permafrost region. To this end, we conducted a comparison of online and offline flux measurements in 2018 and 2019 using the synthetic air flushing, steady‐state opaque chamber method. With differences in annual average and cumulative fluxes less than 0.1 μg N m−2 h−1 and 0.01 kg N ha−1 year−1, the online and offline fluxes were in good agreement, demonstrating the feasibility of conducting offline measurements in remote regions without power supply. The flux measurements over 2 years showed obvious NOx emissions of 0.05–0.14 and 0.13–0.30 kg N ha−1 year−1 in the hollow and hummock microtopography of permafrost peatlands, respectively. The rapid expansion of alder (Alnus sibirica) in the peatlands induced by permafrost degradation significantly increased soil mineral N contents and NOx emissions depending on the age of alder (0.64–1.74 and 1.44–2.20 kg N ha−1 year−1 from the alder forests with tree ages of 1–10 years and 11–20 years, respectively). Alder expansion also intensively altered the thermal state of permafrost including the sharp increases of soil temperatures during the non‐growing season from October to April and active layer thickness. This study provides the first in situ evidences of NOx emissions from the northern circumpolar permafrost regions and uncovers the well‐documented expansion of alders can substantially stimulate NOx emissions and thus, significantly affect air quality, radiative forcing, and ecosystem productivity in the pristine regions.
Using big data to study small places: Small‐town voting patterns in the 2020 U.S. presidential election
Authors: Mapes Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDifferences between urban, suburban, and rural voting outcomes in U.S. presidential elections is a common area of both academic research and news media analysis. Most scrutiny and mapping of the geography of the presidential vote is done at the county scale, with counties described as either urban, suburban, or rural. Small towns are often assumed to mirror surrounding rural areas, with little research examining election results and historic patterns in these places. This is understandable: Accurate spatial data at a fine scale for national elections is difficult and, in some states, impossible, to obtain. Research presented here (in states where precinct‐level data is readily available) indicates that while most small towns indeed voted Republican in the 2020 U.S. election, a closer inspection indicates that they are more Democratic‐leaning than surrounding rural areas. This research indicates the value of studying these fine‐scale data as well as the challenges faced in acquiring these data and resulting lack of research and visualization of these differences.