bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding women from ethnic minorities’ perspectives about contraception in the UK: a qualitative study using a participatory action research approach with community research link workers
Authors: Linton Emma , Mawson Rebecca L , Cory Ryan James , Ma Richard , Fryer Kate , Aminu Habiba , Aslam Aaishah , Nabage Fatima Nasiru , Daley Sheila , Mitchell Caroline Anne 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundContraception has revolutionised women’s health, enabling planned pregnancies and improved outcomes for mothers and babies. However, disparities exist in rates of unintended pregnancies and contraceptive uptake among ethnic groups. The reasons for this are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo understand women from ethnic minorities’ perspectives about contraception.MethodsOur qualitative study used a participatory action research approach, utilising community research link workers. Public engagement was embedded in the study’s conception. We used focus groups and interviews to elicit perspectives, then analysed the data using thematic analysis. The study participants were women who self-identified as being from an ethnic minority group in Sheffield, UK.ResultsThirty-six women participated in four focus groups and five interviews. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) The role of contraception in a woman’s life, (2) External influencers, (3) Cultural and religious considerations and (4) Everyone is different (individuality). Contraceptive needs should be considered holistically, rather than with a siloed, targeted approach. ‘External influencers’, such as partners, family and communities, determine how contraception is accessed and experienced. ‘Cultural considerations’, such as personal, sociocultural and religious factors specific to women from ethnic minorities, influence contraceptive choice.ConclusionsThis study provides a transcultural perspective of the issues at play when a woman from an ethnic minority makes a decision about contraception. Practitioners and health providers must be culturally competent and tailor consultations and services to the individual.
CD4 T cell depletion increases memory differentiation of endogenous and CAR T cells and enhances the efficacy of Super2 and IL-33-armored CAR T cells against solid tumors
Authors: Mohamed Asmaa O , Boone David Tyler , Ferry Shannon L , Peck Melanie C , Santos Alicia M , Soderholm Haille E , Wittling Megen C , Paulos Chrystal , Turk Mary Jo , Huang Yina H 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundResponsiveness to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy correlates with CAR T cell expansion and persistence in vivo. Multiple strategies improve persistence by increasing stem-like properties or sustaining CAR T cell activity with combination therapies. Here, we describe the intrinsic ability of CAR T cells to differentiate into memory T cells, the effect of cytokine armoring, and neoadjuvant CD4 depletion therapy on CAR and tumor-specific endogenous memory T cells.MethodsTRP1-specific or NKG2D CAR T cells alone or with Super2+IL-33 (S233) armoring and/or CD4 depletion were evaluated in immunocompetent B16F10 melanoma or MC38 colon cell carcinoma models without preconditioning. We characterized CAR and endogenous tumor-specific memory T cell precursors, establishment of circulating (TCIRC) and resident (TRM) memory T cell subsets, and ability to protect against secondary tumors.ResultsTRP1-specific or NKG2D CAR T cells had no effect on primary tumor growth in immunocompetent mice unless they were combined with S233 armoring or CD4 depletion. Unarmored CAR T cells expressed a stem-like phenotype in the tumor-draining lymph node and differentiated into CAR TCIRCmemory cells in lymphoid organs and CAR TRMcells in the skin. In contrast, S233-armored CAR T cells exhibited an activated effector phenotype and differentiated inefficiently into CAR effector and central memory T cells. Combining CD4 therapy with unarmored CAR T cells increased CAR TCIRCand TRMmemory T cells. Either CD4 depletion therapy or S233-armored CAR T cells induced activation of tumor-specific endogenous T cells that differentiated into both TCIRCand TRMmemory T cells. CD4 depletion and S233-armored CAR T cell combination therapy synergized to increase endogenous memory T cells.ConclusionsUnarmored TRP-1-specific or NKG2D CAR T cells have intrinsic stem-like properties and differentiate into memory T cell subsets but are non-protective against primary or secondary tumors. S233 cytokine armoring alone or with CD4 depletion improved effector responses but limited CAR memory T cell generation. S233-armored CAR T cells or CD4 depletion therapy induced endogenous tumor-specific TCIRCand TRMT cells, but the combination potentiated endogenous memory T cell generation and resulted in improved protection against B16F10 rechallenge.
PoneglyphDB: Efficient Non-interactive Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Arbitrary SQL-Query Verification
Authors: Gu Binbin , Fang Juncheng , Nawab Faisal 
Published: February 2025

In database applications involving sensitive data, the dual imperatives of data confidentiality and provable (verifiable) query processing are important. This paper introduces PoneglyphDB, a database system that leverages non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) to support both confidentiality and provability. Unlike traditional databases, PoneglyphDB enhances confidentiality by ensuring that raw data remains exclusively with the host, while also enabling verifying the correctness of query responses by providing proofs to clients.
The main innovation in this paper is proposing efficient ZKP designs (called circuits) for basic operations in SQL query processing. These basic operation circuits are then combined to form ZKP circuits for larger, more complex queries. PoneglyphDB's circuits are carefully designed to be efficient by utilizing advances in cryptography such as PLONKish-based circuits, recursive proof composition techniques, and designing with low-order polynomial constraints. We demonstrate the performance of PoneglyphDB with the standard TPC-H benchmark. Our experimental results show that PoneglyphDB can efficiently achieve both confidentiality and provability, outperforming existing state-of-the-art ZKP methods.
Distinguishing Crohn’s Disease From Non–Crohn’s Ileitis: A Gut Microbiome–Based Approach
Authors: Raghunathan Nalini , Joshi Varun , Mekala Dhanush , Patel Rajendra , Godbole Shubhankar , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Reddy Duvvur Nageshwar , Banerjee Rupa 
Published: February 2025

Background: The differential diagnosis between symptomatic non–Crohn’s ileitis (NCI) and Crohn’s disease (CD) has been a long‐standing dilemma with similar clinical, endoscopic, and histopathology findings. We aimed to conduct a pilot study to compare the fecal microbiome between NCI and CD.Methods: Fecal samples were collected from symptomatic patients with isolated terminal ileitis. Inclusion criteria included exclusive terminal ileal ulcers, normal enteroscopy, and nongranulomatous/noncryptitis on biopsy. Patients with established newly diagnosed CD and healthy cohort (HC) were enrolled as reference. Those on prior IBD treatment/antibiotics/NSAIDs were excluded. Upon 6‐month follow‐up colonoscopy, final diagnoses of NCI (resolution of ulcers) were confirmed. Fecal DNA was isolated and sequenced (16S‐V4 Illumina‐MiSeq). Bacterial taxa (amplicon sequence variant–based approach) and predictive functional pathways were analyzed (PICRUSt package) and compared between groups.Results: Thirty‐six CD, 29 HC, and 28 isolated terminal ileitis were included. Upon follow‐up, 24/28 were NCI, while 4 had persistent ulcers and were excluded from the study. Alpha diversity from CD to NCI to HC progressively declined. Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota significantly differed between CD and NCI. Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were highest in CD and gradually declined in NCI and HC. The taxa which significantly contributed toward the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity between CD and NCI were found to be Bacteroides, Prevotella_9, and Faecalibacterium. Seven genera and six species predominantly belonging to butyrate production were reduced in CD relative to NCI. Bacterial stress–associated pathway ppGpp was significantly higher in CD than in NCI.Conclusion: The gut microbiome is unique in NCI and can be differentiated from Crohn’s by a novel bacterial profile. This study provides preliminary leads to help stratify patients who require active treatment in lines of CD.
Can Longitudinal Biomarkers Guide Treatment Decisions? Time Will Tell
Authors: Jeng Mark Y. , Schoenfeld Adam J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Defining patterns of acquired resistance has important prognostic and therapeutic implications in patients with lung cancer. Longitudinal biomarker analysis has enhanced our understanding of tumor biology and treatment response. However, the role of temporally informed biomarkers in guiding clinical decisions, such as local therapy intervention, remains unproven.
See related article by Mazzaschi et al., p. XX .
Endovascular Thrombectomy Versus Best Medical Management in Patients With Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Presenting Beyond 24 Hours: Results From the TRACK‐LVO Late Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Xu Yongbo , Liu Shuling , Qureshi Adnan I. , Zhang Pinyuan , Zhang Xiaochen , Liu Shuai , Xue Yuanyuan , Meng Fanlei , Xu Guodong , Liu Yongchang , Gu Youquan , Cao Yibin , Xie Yanzhao , Hong Zhen , Shi Wanchao , Wang Yan , Chen Huisheng , Wei Ming 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
The efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) performed beyond 24 hours from the last known well remain uncertain. This study aims to investigate the potential benefits of EVT versus best medical management (BMM) beyond 24 hours.

METHODS
TRACK‐LVO Late (Late Triage of Patients Presenting Beyond 24 Hours With Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Large Vessel Occlusions) is an ongoing, multicenter, prospective cohort study. A total of 410 individuals met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the cohort analyses from 2018 to 2024. The primary outcome was functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2 at 90 days. Safety outcomes included all‐cause mortality within 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. A propensity score analysis was conducted to adjust for baseline imbalances. The association between treatment and primary outcome/safety outcomes was assessed using logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, premorbid modified Rankin Scale score, occlusion sites, and time from onset to admission.

RESULTS

Among the 410 patients, 209 were in the EVT group and 201 in the BMM group. The EVT group showed higher odds of functional independence in the propensity score‐matched cohort (adjusted odds ratio, 4.13 [95% CI, 2.42–7.05];
P
<0.001). No significant difference in mortality rate was observed between groups (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 0.60–4.25];
P
= 0.354). However, the EVT group had an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage compared with the BMM group (adjusted odds ratio, 8.72 [95% CI, 1.04–73.10];
P
= 0.046). These findings were consistent in sensitivity analyses using propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting.

CONCLUSION
EVT performed after 24 hours from the last known well was associated with higher rates of functional independence compared with BMM and demonstrated acceptable safety. High‐quality randomized trials are needed to further compare EVT and BMM beyond 24 hours from the last known well.
In Search for the Rarest Plant: Art, Drones, and AI
Authors: Cinti Laura , Boland Howard , Jewitt Debbie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper proposes an experimental synthesis between art, technology, and conservation to search for one of the rarest cycad species in the world: the Encephalartos woodii, a cycad believed to be extinct in the wild. Only one specimen has ever been discovered. It has since been propagated in botanical gardens, and all existing specimens are male clones originating from this single plant. With the female specimen undiscovered, our project, AI in the Sky, partakes in the search for the female using drone technology and artificial intelligence (AI).
Diversified Perspectives: Modes of Attention in Algorithmic Information Processing
Authors: Okulov Jaana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Artificial intelligence took a significant leap toward human-like multisensory and associative capabilities with OpenAI’s ChatGPT model in 2022 when it implemented a self-attention mechanism. As AI technologies progress rapidly, the concept of attention offers a novel opportunity to re-envision information in machine learning models. This paper explores attention as a perceptual phenomenon with unique aesthetics and emphasizes its role in shaping percepts and the resulting information. Large language models that primarily rely on text can be understood as exhibiting object-based attention. The paper goes beyond this limited view, advocating for diversified perceptual modes in machines. By adopting multiple perceptual strategies, machines can help humans overcome their biases, inborn ignorance, and even hatred, thus fostering more humane/than human connections.
Human’ and ConversationN: Exploring Mirrored Human-AI Identities Through Dialogue Installations
Authors: Xiao Lanxi , Jing Wang , Dong Yan , Wu Qiong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human’ and ConversationN are interactive dialogue art installations exploring the complex relationship between human and AI identities. Human’ explores the influence of AI on human identity by creating an experimental scenario in which viewers can speak with their own AI parallel selves. ConversationN explores the influence of humans on AI identity by creating a silicone AI entity that evolves with viewers’ interactions. These artworks imagine a future “mirror identity,” where humans and AI shape each other’s identities and thus develop a symbiotic human-AI existence in the contexts of transhumanism and a more-than-human world.
Evaluation of the possibility of black soldier fly larvae as a fishmeal substitute on broiler breeder
Authors: Chang S.Y. , Jeon K.H. , Lee J.H. , Song D.C. , Park S.H. , Lee B.K. , Nam J.H. , Chun J.Y. , Cho J.H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of processed forms (defatted or hydrolyzed) of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L., BSFL) as a protein substitute on broiler breeders. A total of 54 arbor acre broiler breeders (25-week-old; Average initial body weight = 3.39 ± 0.16 kg) obtained from a local hatchery were used in this study. All birds were assigned to three dietary treatments using a randomized complete block design, and each treatment group had six replicate cages with three broiler breeder per cage. The experiment was conducted for 16 weeks. The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) CON: basal diet with 3% fishmeal; (2) T1: basal diet without fishmeal and substitute with defatted BSFL; (3) T2: basal diet without fishmeal and substitute with hydrolyzed BSFL. At 8-16 w, the T1 group was significantly higher () feed intake than the T2 group. The BSFL groups had a significantly higher () feed-egg ratio than the CON group during 0-8 w. The T2 group had a significantly higher () than the CON group during 0-16 w. At 16 w, the T2 group was significantly higher () in Haugh unit than the CON group. The T1 group showed lower () crude protein digestibility than fishmeal at 8 weeks, but there was no significant difference from fishmeal at 16 weeks (). During the entire period, the T1 group showed similar amino acid digestibility such as arginine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid, proline, and tyrosine to fishmeal. There was no difference in laying performance, egg quality, blood profiles, and fecal microbiota, indicating that there was no negative effect on broiler breeders (). This means that defatted and hydrolyzed BSFL has sufficient potential as a protein source in broiler breeders.
The Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP): Achievements, impacts and lessons learnt
Authors: Jung Thomas , Wilson Jeff , Bazile Eric , Bromwich David , Casati Barbara , Day Jonathan , De Coning Estelle , Eayrs Clare , Godoy Oystein , Goessling Helge , Grumbine Robert , Heinrich Victoria J. , Inoue Jun , Khalsa Siri Jodha S. , Kristiansen Jorn , Lamers Machiel , Liggett Daniela , Olsen Steffen M. , Perovich Donald , Renfrew Ian A. , Sandu Irina , Shupe Matthew D. , Smolyanitsky Vasily , Svensson Gunilla , Sun Qizhen , Uttal Taneil , Werner Kirstin , Yang Qinghua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Year of Polar Prediction (YOPP), an international research initiative organized by the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) World Weather Research Program from 2013–2022, aimed to markedly enhance environmental prediction capabilities in the polar regions and beyond, particularly in the context of a rapidly changing climate. YOPP achieved this through a concerted effort in observation, modeling, verification, user engagement, and educational activities. This article offers a comprehensive overview of YOPP’s key outcomes and impacts, using a dual approach that merges qualitative success stories with quantitative metrics. Scientifically, the focus is on the role of polar observations in improving prediction accuracy, enhanced understanding of processes to support model development, advancements in forecast verification, particularly in sea ice prediction, an improved understanding of the interconnections between polar and mid-latitude regions, and effective user engagement. This paper also discusses how these scientific discoveries have been converted into practical applications, emphasizing the route from science to services. Additionally, it summarizes the education, communication, outreach, and coordination efforts employed to maximize YOPP’s impact. Finally, the article provides a series of recommendations for future research, informed by the insights gained from YOPP’s experiences and recent radical developments in technology.
Crisis Intervention Team Mental Health Training for Law Enforcement Officers: Protocol for a Multi‐Site, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Compton Michael T. , Jackson Elisabeth , Fu En , Andrews Howard F. , Bruno Ron , Comartin Erin , Galfalvy Hanga , Kamin Don , Pope Leah G. , Vega Eduardo , Watson Amy C. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveAlthough diverse strategies to reduce police involvement in mental health crisis response are emerging, people with serious mental illnesses and/or those experiencing a mental health crisis routinely encounter police. Officers need training to safely and effectively interact in these situations. The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model is a collaborative approach that includes a 40‐h training of officers who self‐select to become CIT officers. Despite widespread adoption across thousands of U.S. communities, no randomized, controlled trial (RCT) has assessed CIT training's effectiveness. Our objective is to determine the effectiveness of CIT training on officers' demonstrated skills and behaviors in three outcome areas: (1) verbal and non‐verbal crisis de‐escalation skills (the primary outcome), (2) officers' use of four domains of procedural justice, and (3) disposition‐related decision‐making. Hypothesized mediators and moderators will also be assessed.MethodsA total of approximately 240 officers from seven or eight U.S. sites will engage in video‐recorded standardized scenarios at baseline, with half being randomized to receive CIT training within the following 3 weeks. Officers will then be reassessed at 3 and 6 months after the CIT training week. Trained raters, blinded to site, treatment arm, and timepoint, will evaluate the primary outcome. Survey‐based data will capture officer characteristics and hypothesized mediators and moderators.ResultsThis study employs innovative methods, including standardized scenarios with professional actors portraying psychosis with agitation, depression with suicidality, and mania with refusal to leave, to measure officers' skills and behaviors.ConclusionsThe multi‐site RCT will yield generalizable, high‐impact findings to inform policy and practice, addressing critical gaps in research on CIT training.
Calvin’s use of the scholastic method from his vision of the church as mother and school
Authors: Diedericks Morné 
Published: February 2025

John Calvin’s philosophy of education exhibits a nuanced relationship with the scholastic method, characterized by both critique and adaptation. While Calvin was critical of the speculative tendencies of scholastic thinkers, he creatively employed and reformed elements of the scholastic method to articulate his vision of the church as both mother and school. This vision highlighted the church’s dual role in nurturing believers and serving as a lifelong school of spiritual formation. Calvin’s systematic and logical approach, seen in especially his Institutes, demonstrates his selective use of scholastic techniques to clarify and defend Reformed doctrine. This study explores Calvin’s educational philosophy, emphasizing his integration of the scholastic method within a Humanist framework. By focusing on Scripture and practical application, Calvin’s teaching style differed significantly from traditional Scholasticism, prioritizing accessibility and transformative impact over speculative reasoning. Despite these differences, his adaptations laid a foundation for Reformed Scholasticism, which further systematized and defended Reformed theology in subsequent generations. This interplay between Calvin’s humanistic reforms and scholastic structures challenges the notion of opposition between Calvin and Reformed Scholastics, instead suggesting a continuity in their theological and educational objectives. Despite Calvin’s critical stance toward scholastic thinkers, he creatively and eclectically adapted the scholastic method to advance his vision of the church as mother and school. Calvin’s educational approach should not be set in opposition to Reformed Scholasticism but rather be seen as foundational to the systematic development of Reformed confessions.
Effect of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo course on residual symptoms after successful canalith repositioning procedures: A prospective controlled trial
Authors: Gu Lixin , Gao Dekun , Ma Xiaobao , Shen Jiali , Wang Lu , Sun Jin , Wang Wei , Chen Xiangping , Zhang Qing , Jin Yulian , Yang Jun , Li Shuna , Chen Jianyong 
Published: February 2025

Background Following successful canalith repositioning procedures (CRPs), some patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) may experience residual symptoms. There is currently no consensus on whether these residual symptoms are related to the disease duration. Objective To examine the impact of BPPV duration on the persistence of residual symptoms following successful CRP. Methods A total of 102 idiopathic BPPV patients were enrolled and categorized into short-course and long-course groups based on the duration of the disease. The course of disease in the short-course group was less than or equal to 7 days. The long course of disease was longer than 7 days. All patients underwent swivel-chair-assisted CRP and were followed up 7–10 days after successful CRP. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire was administered to all patients before and after CRP. Results Before CRP, significant differences were observed between the two groups in total DHI score and its subdomains: Physical (DHI-P), Functional (DHI-F), and Emotional (DHI-E) ( p < 0.05), indicating that long disease duration significantly affected all patient aspects. After CRP, significant differences remained in total DHI, DHI-P, DHI-F, and DHI-E scores ( p < 0.05), with the long-course group consistently scoring higher. However, no significant differences were found in the changes in DHI scores across dimensions before and after CRP between the two groups. Conclusion The duration of BPPV did not influence CRP outcomes, but patients with a longer disease course were more likely to experience residual symptoms after successful CRP.