bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The radio core and jet in the broad absorption-line quasar PG 1700+518
Authors: Yang J. , Wu F. , Paragi Z. , An T. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The blueshifted broad absorption lines (BAL) or troughs are observed in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) when our line of sight is intercepted by a high-speed outflow (wind), likely originating in the accretion disc. The outflow or wind can shed light on the internal structure obscured by the AGN torus. Recently, it has been shown that this outflow is rotating in the BAL quasar PG 1700+518, further supporting the accretion disc origin of the wind. With the purpose of giving independent constraints on the wind geometry, we performed high-resolution European very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) Network (EVN) observations at 1.6 GHz in 2010. Combining the results with the Very Large Array (VLA) archival data at 8.4 GHz, we present its jet structure on scales of parsec (pc) to kiloparsec (kpc) for the first time. The source shows two distinct jet features in east–west direction with a separation of around 4 kpc. The eastern feature, which has so far been assumed to hide the core, is a kpc-scale hotspot, which is completely resolved out in the EVN image. In the western jet feature, we find a compact jet component, which pinpoints the position of the central black hole in the galaxy. Jet components on both sides of the core are additionally detected in the north-west–south-east direction, and they show a symmetric morphology on scale of &lt;1 kpc. This two-sided jet feature is not common in the known BAL quasars and indicates that the jet axis is far away from the line of sight. Furthermore, it is nearly parallel to the scattering plane revealed earlier by optical polarimetry. By analogy to polar-scattered Seyfert 1 galaxies, we conclude that the jet likely has a viewing angle around 45°. The analogy is further supported by the recent report of significant cold absorption in the soft X-rays, a nearly unique feature to polar-scattered Seyfert galaxies. Finally, our observations have confirmed the earlier finding that the majority of radio emission in this galaxy arises from AGN activity rather than star formation.
Retrospective evaluation of the use of amiodarone in dogs with arrhythmias (from 2003 to 2010)
Authors: Pedro B. , López‐Alvarez J. , Fonfara S. , Stephenson H. , Dukes‐McEwan J. 
Published: November 2011

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of amiodarone in dogs with refractory supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and to document the side effects in treated dogs.Methods: Records of 28 dogs were retrospectively searched to document indication for amiodarone administration, heart rate, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone values before and after starting treatment and during follow‐up periods.Results: Sixteen dogs with supraventricular and 12 dogs with ventricular arrhythmias were treated with amiodarone. Amiodarone treatment significantly reduced the heart rate (P<0.001) and resulted in improvement in the severity of the arrhythmia and clinical signs in 26 dogs. There were no significant differences in alkaline phosphatase (P=0.596), alanine aminotransferase (P=0.842), T4 (P=0.789) and thyroid stimulating hormone (P=0.064) before and after starting amiodarone. On maintenance therapy, median amiodarone blood levels were within the accepted reference range (0.5 to 2.0 mg/L) at 0.8 mg/L (range 0.2 to 11.6 mg/L), but the majority of the desethylamiodarone levels were below normal at 0.1 mg/L (range 0.1 to 0.9 mg/L), based on human reference intervals (0.5 to 2.0 mg/L).Clinical Significance: Amiodarone may be an effective and safe alternative to treat supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in dogs, when common anti‐arrhythmic drugs are not effective or contraindicated.
Photophysical Characterization of 1,8 Naphthalimide in Micelle‐diblock Copolymer Nano‐composite: A Case of Morphological Transformation and Vesicle Formation
Authors: Manna Anamika , Chakravorti Sankar 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis paper reports a morphological transition of the spherical colloidal structures of the sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyethylene‐b‐polyethylene glycol (SDS‐PE‐b‐PEG) complex and anionic micelle (SDS) to “rod‐shaped” colloidal structures induced by a charge transfer dye, 1,8‐naphthalimide (NAPMD) (forms anions in aqueous solution by intermolecular charge transfer). The distinct steady‐state results of NAPMD in the above two media point toward the formation of a new microenvironment. SDS and SDS‐PE‐b‐PEG form unilamellar (ULV) and multilamellar vesicles (MLV), respectively, along with the rod‐shaped colloidal structures as observed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. This dye causes a variation in the hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio and forms a hydrogen bond with the copolymer in the SDS‐PE‐b‐PEG complex and subjected to electrostatic interaction with the SDS micelle in aqueous solution, which causes this morphological transformation. These vesicles show complete encapsulation of a hydrophobic dye in its interior as evident from the TEM images. ULV get ruptured at low pH, pointing toward their lower stability over MLV at low pH value. The formation of these vesicles with complete idea of its mechanism, encapsulation of bioactive molecules and its rupture at lower pH raise hope as a potential nanoscale vehicle for biologically relevant compounds and their release at low pH medium.
Rethinking ‘Loyalty’ in Eighteenth‐Century Britain
Authors: McCORMACK MATTHEW 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article explores the meanings and applications of the term ‘loyalty’ in Britain between 1688 and 1815. Political historians today employ the term in an instrumental way to connote obedience, nationalism, conservatism and monarchism: this finds its expression in the phenomenon of ‘loyalism’. This article instead argues that ‘loyalism’ was not a current term in the eighteenth century, and that ‘loyalty’ had specific meanings for different political groups. It could connote a religious, a legal or an emotional tie: as such, the changing concept of ‘loyalty’ is indicative of the shifting relationship between the individual and the state.
Flow
and Heat Transfer of Jeffrey Fluid Over a Continuously Moving Surface With a Parallel Free
Stream
Authors: Hayat T. , Iqbal Z. , Mustafa M. , Obaidat S. 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
This communication studies the flow and heat transfer characteristics over a continuously moving surface in the presence of a free stream velocity. The Jeffrey fluid is treated as a rheological model. The series expressions of velocity and temperature fields are constructed by applying the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The influence of emerging parameters such as local Deborah number (β), the ratio of relaxation and retardation times (λ2), the Prandtl number (Pr), and the Eckert number (Ec) on the velocity and temperature profiles are presented in the form of graphical and tabulated results for different values of λ. It is found that the boundary layer thickness is an increasing function of local Deborah number (β). However, the temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness decreases with the increasing values of local Deborah number (β).
Production, Secretion, and Cell Surface Display of Recombinant Sporosarcina ureae S-Layer Fusion Proteins in Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Knobloch Denise , Ostermann Kai , Rödel Gerhard 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Monomolecular crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) have broad application potential in nanobiotechnology due to their ability to generate functional supramolecular structures. Here, we report that
Bacillus megaterium
is an excellent host organism for the heterologous expression and efficient secretion of hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged versions of the S-layer protein SslA from
Sporosarcina ureae
ATCC 13881. Three chimeric proteins were constructed, comprising the precursor, C-terminally truncated, and N- and C-terminally truncated forms of the S-layer SslA protein tagged with the human influenza hemagglutinin epitope. For secretion of fusion proteins, the open reading frames were cloned into the
Escherichia coli-Bacillus megaterium
shuttle vector pHIS1525. After transformation of the respective plasmids into
Bacillus megaterium
protoplasts, the recombinant genes were successfully expressed and the proteins were secreted into the growth medium. The isolated S-layer proteins are able to assemble
in vitro
into highly ordered, crystalline, sheetlike structures with the fused HA tag accessible to antibody. We further show by fluorescent labeling that the secreted S-layer fusion proteins are also clustered on the cell envelope of
Bacillus megaterium
, indicating that the cell surface can serve
in vivo
as a nucleation point for crystallization. Thus, this system can be used as a display system that allows the dense and periodic presentation of S-layer proteins or the fused tags.
Application of a Receptor-Binding Capture Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay To Concentrate Human Norovirus from Sewage and To Study the Distribution and Stability of the Virus
Authors: Tian Peng , Yang David , Pan Liangwen , Mandrell Robert 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Water is an important route for human norovirus (HuNoV) transmission. Using magnetic beads conjugated with blood group-like antigens (HuNoV receptors), we developed a simple and rapid receptor-binding capture and magnetic sequestration (RBCMS) method and compared it to the existing negatively charged membrane absorption/elution (NCMAE) method for concentrating HuNoV from sewage effluent. RBCMS required 6-fold-less sample volume than the NCMAE method and also resulted in a significantly higher yield of HuNoV. The NCMAE and RBCMS concentrations of genogroup I (GI) HuNoV measured by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) resulted in average threshold cycle (

C
T

) values of 34.68 (8.68 copies, 252-fold concentration) versus 34.07 (13.05 copies, 477-fold concentration), respectively; the NCMAE and RBCMS concentrations of genogroup II (GII) HuNoV were measured as average

C
T

values of 33.32 (24.7 copies, 239-fold concentration) versus 32.38 (46.9 copies, 333-fold concentration), respectively. The specificity of qRT-PCR was confirmed by traditional RT-PCR and an RNase I protection assay. The qRT-PCR signal from RBCMS-concentrated HuNoV treated with RNase I indicated that it was from encapsidated RNA and, probably, viable virus. In contrast, the qRT-PCR signal from NCMAE-concentrated HuNoV was not protected from RNase I and, likely, degradation. Both GI and GII HuNoV were detected from sewage effluent samples collected between April and July with average concentrations of 7.8 × 10
3
genomic copies per liter (gc/liter) and 4.3 × 10
4
gc/liter, respectively. No GI and <2% GII HuNoV were detected in sewage samples stored at room temperature for 4 weeks. We conclude that RBCMS requires less sample volume, has better recovery and sensitivity, and is faster than NCMAE for detection of HuNoV in sewage.
Disrupting the Transmission of a Vector-Borne Plant Pathogen
Authors: Killiny Nabil , Rashed Arash , Almeida Rodrigo P. P. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Approaches to control vector-borne diseases rarely focus on the interface between vector and microbial pathogen, but strategies aimed at disrupting the interactions required for transmission may lead to reductions in disease spread. We tested if the vector transmission of the plant-pathogenic bacterium
Xylella fastidiosa
was affected by three groups of molecules: lectins, carbohydrates, and antibodies. Although not comprehensively characterized, it is known that
X. fastidiosa
adhesins bind to carbohydrates, and that these interactions are important for initial cell attachment to vectors, which is required for bacterial transmission from host to host. Lectins with affinity to substrates expected to occur on the cuticular surface of vectors colonized by
X. fastidiosa
, such as wheat germ agglutinin, resulted in statistically significant reductions in transmission rate, as did carbohydrates with
N
-acetylglucosamine residues. Presumably, lectins bound to receptors on the vector required for cell adhesion/colonization, while carbohydrate-saturated adhesins on
X. fastidiosa
's cell surface. Furthermore, antibodies against
X. fastidiosa
whole cells, gum, and afimbrial adhesins also resulted in transmission blockage. However, no treatment resulted in the complete abolishment of transmission, suggesting that this is a complex biological process. This work illustrates the potential to block the transmission of vector-borne pathogens without directly affecting either organism.
Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Two 1-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoic Acid Dioxygenases from Arthrobacter phenanthrenivorans
Authors: Vandera Elpiniki , Kavakiotis Konstantinos , Kallimanis Aristeidis , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Drainas Constantin , Koukkou Anna-Irini 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

A protein fraction exhibiting 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1-H2NA) dioxygenase activity was purified via ion exchange, hydrophobic interactions, and gel filtration chromatography from
Arthrobacter phenanthrenivorans
sp. nov. strain Sphe3 isolated from a Greek creosote-oil-polluted site. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem MS (MS-MS) analysis revealed that the amino acid sequences of oligopeptides of the major 45-kDa protein species, as analyzed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining, comprising 29% of the whole sequence, exhibited strong homology with 1-H2NA dioxygenase of
Nocardioides
sp. strain KP7. A BLAST search of the recently sequenced Sphe3 genome revealed two putative open reading frames, named
diox1
and
diox2
, showing 90% nucleotide identity to each other and 85% identity at the amino acid level with the
Nocardia
sp. homologue.
diox1
was found on an indigenous Sphe3 plasmid, whereas
diox2
was located on the chromosome. Both genes were induced by the presence of phenanthrene used as a sole carbon and energy source, and as expected, both were subject to carbon catabolite repression. The relative RNA transcription level of the chromosomal (
diox2
) gene was significantly higher than that of its plasmid (
diox1
) homologue. Both
diox1
and
diox2
putative genes were PCR amplified, cloned, and overexpressed in
Escherichia coli
. Recombinant
E. coli
cells expressed 1-H2NA dioxygenase activity. Recombinant enzymes exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an apparent
K

m

of 35 μM for Diox1 and 29 μM for Diox2, whereas they showed similar kinetic turnover characteristics with
K
cat
/
K

m

values of 11 × 10
6
M
−1
s
−1
and 12 × 10
6
M
−1
s
−1
, respectively. Occurrence of two
diox1
and
diox2
homologues in the Sphe3 genome implies that a replicative transposition event has contributed to the evolution of 1-H2NA dioxygenase in
A. phenanthrenivorans
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella Bacteriophage SPN3US
Authors: Lee Ju-Hoon , Shin Hakdong , Kim Hyeryen , Ryu Sangryeol 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
bacteriophage SPN3US was isolated from a chicken fecal sample. It is a virulent phage belonging to the
Myoviridae
family and showing effective inhibition of
Salmonella enterica
and a few
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 strains. Here we announce the completely sequenced first genome of a
Salmonella
phage using flagella as receptors. It is the largest genome among
Salmonella
phages sequenced to date, and major findings from its annotation are described.
Complete Genomic Sequence of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 16 from China
Authors: Yang Tao , Liu Nihong , Xu Qingyuan , Sun Encheng , Qin Yongli , Zhao Jin , Wu Donglai 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genomic sequence of the Chinese bluetongue virus serotype 16 (BTV16) strain BN96/16. This work is the first to document the complete genomic sequence (segments 1 to 10) of a BTV16 strain. The sequence information provided herein will help determine the geographic origin of BTV16 and define the phylogenetic relationship of BTV16 to other BTV strains.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Coccolithovirus Emiliania huxleyi Virus 203
Authors: Nissimov Jozef I. , Worthy Charlotte A. , Rooks Paul , Napier Johnathan A. , Kimmance Susan A. , Henn Matthew R. , Ogata Hiroyuki , Allen Michael J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACT

The
Coccolithoviridae
are a recently discovered group of viruses that infect the marine coccolithophorid
Emiliania huxleyi
.
Emiliania huxleyi
virus 203 (EhV-203) has a 160- to 180-nm-diameter icosahedral structure and a genome of approximately 400 kbp, consisting of 464 coding sequences (CDSs). Here we describe the genomic features of EhV-203 together with a draft genome sequence and its annotation, highlighting the homology and heterogeneity of this genome in comparison with the EhV-86 reference genome.
A CHARACTERIZATION OF NONCOMPACT KOISO-TYPE SOLITONS
Authors: YANG BO 
Published: November 2011

We construct complete gradient Kähler–Ricci solitons of various types on the total spaces of certain holomorphic line bundles over compact Kähler–Einstein manifolds with positive scalar curvature. Those are noncompact analogues of the compact examples found by Koiso [On rotationally symmetric Hamilton's equations for Kähler–Einstein metrics, in Recent Topics in Differential and Analytic Geometry, Advanced Studies in Pure Mathematics, Vol. 18-I (Academic Press, Boston, MA, 1990), pp. 327–337]. Our examples can be viewed a generalization of previous examples by Cao [Existense of gradient Kähler–Ricci solitons, in Elliptic and Parabolic Methods in Geometry (Minneapolis, MN, 1994), pp. 1–16], Chave and Valent [On a class of compact and non-compact quasi-Einstein metrics and their renormalizability properties, Nuclear Phys. B 478 (1996) 758–778], Pedersen, Tønnesen-Friedman, and Valent [Quasi-Einstein Kähler metrics, Lett. Math. Phys. 50(3) (1999) 229–241], and Feldman, Ilmanen and Knopf [Rotationally symmetric shrinking and expanding gradient Kähler–Ricci solitons, J. Differential Geom. 65 (2003) 169–209]. We also prove a uniformization result on complete steady gradient Kähler–Ricci solitons with non-negative Ricci curvature under additional assumptions.
Conferences and video lectures; scientific educational games
Authors: Langford John , Robertson Judy 
Published: November 2011

The
Communications
Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of
Communications
, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts.

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Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM
http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm
John Langford analyzes whether conferences should offer video lectures. Judy Robertson discusses the merits of the Game Design Through Mentoring and Collaboration project.
Studies on the genus Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965 (Dorylaimida: Aporcelaimidae). An interesting new species from Western Africa
Authors: Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Peña-Santiago Reyes , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Aporcelaimellus porosus sp. n., collected in rice fields from Guinea and Ivory Coast, is described and illustrated. The new species is characterised by its body length of 2.51-2.81 mm, numerous, particularly conspicuous ventral body pores, lip region offset by constriction and 19.5-21.5 μm broad, odontostyle 26-30 μm long with its ventral side distinctly thickened at its anterior portion and aperture occupying 64-70% of its length, neck 589-626 μm long, pharyngeal expansion 305-332 μm long or 50-55% of total neck length, uterus tripartite and 287-446 μm long or 3.5-5.5 times the corresponding body diam., pars refringens vaginae with two well developed sclerotised pieces, vulva transverse (V = 52-56), tail short and rounded (25-33 μm, c = 84-103, c′ = 0.5-0.7), spicules 81-87 μm long, and eight spaced ventromedian supplements which lack a hiatus. It is compared in detail with its closest congeners.
Description of <i>Rhyssocolpus vinciguerrae</i> sp. n. (Dorylaimida, Nordiidae) from Iran and the first molecular study of this genus
Authors: Peña-Santiago Reyes , Ye Weimin , Robbins Robert T. , Pourjam Ebrahim , Pedram Majid 
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Rhyssocolpus vinciguerrae sp. n., from natural habitats in Iran, is described, illustrated and sequenced. It is characterised by the body length of 1.04-1.37 mm, lip region offset by depression and 11-13 μm broad, odontostyle 8-10 μm or 0.7-0.8 times the lip region diam. long, neck 227-265 μm long, pharyngeal expansion 80-95 μm long or 31-35% of total neck length, a dorsal cell mass present between cardia and the end of the anterior ovary/testis, uterus bipartite, 90-170 μm long, vulva longitudinal (V = 48-55), abundant irregularities in body cuticle around vulva, female tail conical with rounded terminus (35-55 μm, c = 24-34, c′ = 1.4-1.9), spicules 43-51 μm long and 6-8 spaced ventromedian supplements located outside the range of the spicules. It is very similar to R. aquilonius, R. arcticus and R. iuventutis. A molecular characterisation of the new species was done on ribosomal DNA nearfull-length small subunit 18S gene, internal transcribed spacer and partial 5.8S gene. The results obtained support a close relationship between Rhyssocolpus and Heterodorus, and a more distant relationship with Enchodelus.
Molecular and morphological characterisations of two new species of <i>Rotylenchus</i> (Nematoda&#x3A; Hoplolaimidae) from Iran
Authors: Castillo Pablo , Pourjam Ebrahim , Palomares-Rius Juan E. , Atighi Mohammad Reza , Cantalapiedra-Navarrete Carolina , Pedram Majid 
Published: November 2011

AbstractTwo new amphimictic species, Rotylenchus iranicus n. sp. and R. conicaudatus n. sp., are described. Rotylenchus iranicus n. sp. is characterised mainly by an offset hemispherical lip region with 5-6, rarely 7, annuli, stylet 39-44 μm long, vulva located at 53-65% and rounded tail with 4-9 annuli and typical smooth tip. Morphologically this species is related to R. montanus, R. provincialis and R. aqualamus. Rotylenchus conicaudatus n. sp. is characterised mainly by a slightly offset conoid-rounded lip region with four or five, rarely six annuli, stylet 27-32 μm long, vulva located at 52-63% and conoid-rounded tail with 10-16 annuli and a typical annulated tip. Morphologically this species is related to R. pumilus, R. abnormecaudatus, R. acuspicaudatus and R. provincialis. The results of the phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S and ITS1-rRNA genes confirmed the species differentiation. Phylogenetic relationships with other species were difficult to assign using D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S. However, using ITS1-rRNA, R. conicaudatus n. sp. presented a close relationship with R. unisexus, whilst R. iranicus n. sp. was closely related to R. conicaudatus n. sp., R. unisexus, R. incultus and R. laurentinus.
Effect of the green manures <i>Sinapis alba</i>, <i>Brassica napus</i> and <i>Raphanus sativus</i> on hatching of <i>Globodera rostochiensis</i>
Authors: Valdes Yirina , Perry Roland N. , Viaene Nicole , Moens Maurice 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, is a quarantine organism. Environmentally benign control measures for this economically important pest are needed. Green manures, in particular plants from the Brassicaceae, suppress some plant-parasitic nematodes and have potential as control agents. This study examined if growing and incorporating cover crops from the Brassicaceae family influenced hatching of G. rostochiensis. The effect of root diffusates and plant extracts, as well as soil incorporation of plant material from three commonly used species of green manures, was studied in in vitro bioassays and pot tests. The results showed that brassica diffusates and plant extracts were not nematicidal. In addition, although they did not cause hatch by themselves, pretreatment with these solutions enhanced subsequent hatch in host root diffusates. The results are discussed in the context of the hatching response of G. rostochiensis and the likely influence on field usage of these green manures.