bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pearls and Pitfalls of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Strudwick Mark W. , Anderson Suzanne E. , Dimmick Simon , Saltzman Matthew D. , Hsu Wellington K. 
Published: February 2012

Synopsis Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable of producing images in any anatomical plane, visualizing and analyzing a variety of tissue characteristics, as well as quantifying blood flow and metabolic functions. Although MRI details of compact bone and calcium are poor when compared to those taken with plain radiography or computed tomography, its high soft tissue contrast discrimination and multiplanar imaging capabilities are significant advantages. Musculoskeletal anatomy and neurovascular bundles are well delineated. The advent of MRI has revolutionized the clinician's ability to confirm a proper diagnosis for musculoskeletal problems, which has led to more directed, specific rehabilitative protocols. However, the value of MRI to rehabilitative professionals has been even greater in its ability to identify serious, more uncommon pathologies, such as in those with underlying infection, fracture, or tumor, that require immediate care and are considered to be beyond their scope of practice. Furthermore, MRI, with its precise delineation of fat, muscle, and bone, is an ideal candidate for imaging of muscle disease or injury and has emerged as the method of choice for the detection of early cartilage wear in young patients, such as osteoarthritis. Finally, this imaging modality can avoid radiation exposure in a predominantly younger patient cohort commonly affected by musculoskeletal diseases. The aim of this paper is to consider how physical therapists may take advantage of the diagnostic value of MRI of the upper limb, while avoiding the pitfalls of misinterpretation of images as a result of technical issues, pathological changes, or normal variants. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(11):861–872. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3833
Molecular Hydrogels from Bolaform Amino Acid Derivatives: A Structure–Properties Study Based on the Thermodynamics of Gel Solubilization
Authors: Nebot Vicent J. , Armengol José , Smets Johan , Prieto Susana Fernández , Escuder Beatriu , Miravet Juan F. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractInsight is provided into the aggregation thermodynamics associated to hydrogel formation by molecular gelators derived from L‐valine and L‐isoleucine. Solubility data from NMR measurements are used to extract thermodynamic parameters for the aggregation in water. It is concluded that at room temperature and up to 55 °C, these systems form self‐assembled fibrillar networks in water with quite low or zero enthalpic component, whereas the entropy of the aggregation is favorable. These results are explained by considering that the hydrophobic effect is dominant in the self‐assembly. However, studies by NMR and IR spectroscopy reveal that intermolecular hydrogen bonding is also a key issue in the aggregation process of these molecules in water. The low enthalpy values measured for the self‐assembly process are ascribed to the result of a compensation of the favorable intermolecular hydrogen‐bond formation and the unfavorable enthalpy component of the hydrophobic effect. Additionally, it is shown that by using the hydrophobic character as a design parameter, enthalpy‐controlled hydrogel formation, as opposed to entropy‐controlled hydrogel formation, can be achieved in water if the gelator is polar enough. It is noteworthy that these two types of hydrogels, enthalpy‐versus entropy‐driven hydrogels, present quite different response to temperature changes in properties such as the minimum gelator concentration (mgc) or the rheological moduli. Finally, the presence of a polymorphic transition in a hydrogel upon heating above 70 °C is reported and ascribed to the weakening of the hydrophobic effect upon heating. The new soft polymorphic materials present dramatically different solubility and rheological properties. Altogether these results are aimed to contribute to the rational design of molecular hydrogelators, which could be used for the tailored preparation of this type of soft materials. The reported results could also provide ground for the rationale of different self‐assembly processes in aqueous media.
Increased risk of histologically defined cancer subtypes in human immunodeficiency virus–infected individuals
Authors: Shiels Meredith S. , Engels Eric A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Malignancies that occur in excess among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected individuals may be caused by immunosuppression or infections. Because histologically defined cancer subtypes have not been systematically evaluated, their risk was assessed among people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).METHODS:Analyses included 569,268 people with AIDS from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study, a linkage of 15 US population‐based HIV/AIDS and cancer registries during 1980 to 2007. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were estimated to compare cancer risk in people with AIDS to the general population overall, and stratified by age, calendar period (a proxy of changing HIV therapies), and time since onset of AIDS (a proxy of immunosuppression).RESULTS:Sixteen individual cancer histologies or histology groupings manifested significantly elevated SIRs. Risks were most elevated for adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (SIR = 11.3), neoplasms of histiocytes and accessory lymphoid cells (SIR = 10.7), giant cell carcinoma (SIR = 7.51), and leukemia not otherwise specified (SIR = 6.69). SIRs ranged from 1.4 to 4.6 for spindle cell carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma, adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms, sarcoma not otherwise specified, spindle cell sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, mesothelioma, germ cell tumors, plasma cell tumors, immunoproliferative diseases, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and myeloid leukemias. For several of these cancer subtypes, significant declines in SIRs were observed across calendar periods (consistent with decreasing risk with improved HIV therapies) or increase in SIRs with time since onset of AIDS (ie, prolonged immunosuppression).CONCLUSIONS:The elevated risk of certain cancer subtypes in people with AIDS may point to an etiologic role of immunosuppression or infection. Future studies are needed to further investigate these associations and evaluate candidate infectious agents. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Improvement of Abnormality Detection System for Bathers Using Ultrasonic Sensors
Authors: Dobashi Hiroki , Tajima Takuya , Abe Takehiko , Nambo Hidetaka , Kimura Haruhiko 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method for improving an existing abnormality detection system for a person who soaks in a bathtub. As the number of aged people increases year by year in Japan, bathing accidents among the aged are growing at a rapid rate, especially in‐bathtub drowning accidents. Therefore, prompt detection of a bather's abnormality, such as dizziness and fainting, is important to prevent in‐bathtub drowning. In order to detect a bather's abnormality promptly, an abnormality detection system using seven ultrasonic sensors has been proposed. The system uses two methods—posture detection and motion detection—to detect a difference in a bather's state compared to normal before an accident occurs, and improves the delay in detection considered heretofore to be a serious problem. There was, however, plenty of room for improvement. In order to improve the detection rate of the system, we propose a new detection method in this paper. The method uses two ultrasonic sensors to scan a bather's head and neck, and detects the head height and swing speed of the head. Experimental results are superior to the accuracy of the existing system, which enables us to detect an abnormality in a bather more precisely. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(3): 57–67, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21133
Development of SF6 Gas‐Insulated Disconnecting Switch with Spiral Electrodes Using Motor Operating Mechanism
Authors: Kato Tatsuro , Rokunohe Toshiaki , Yamane Yuichiro , Yamamoto Naoyuki 
Published: February 2012

AbstractGas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) requires reliability and economic efficiency. Circuit breakers, disconnecting switches (DS), and earthing switches have been designed to be more compact. DS requires performance in terms of insulation and current interruption. The bus‐transfer current is the highest among all current interruption requirements for the DS. To develop an alternating current DS driven at a lower speed, it is necessary to reduce the electrode damage. This paper describes the fundamental characteristics of current interruption in a magnetically driven arc using a spiral electrode. Since the arc is rotated by magnetically driven force, the arcing time in the spiral electrode is shortened to about one‐third compared with that of a plain breaker electrode. The DS using a magnetically driven arc was confirmed to comply with the bus‐transfer current switching requirements in the JEC standard. Moreover, a physical model of the magnetic driven arc was constructed, and the behavior of the arc was evaluated quantitatively. As a result, performance of current interruption could be predicted. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(3): 31–39, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21147
A Service Business Model for Saving Energy and Reduction of CO2 Emissions Using Inverters
Authors: Kosaka Michitaka , Yabutani Takashi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper considers the effectiveness of the service business approach for reducing CO2 emissions. “HDRIVE” is a service business using inverters to reduce the energy consumption of motor drive. The business model of this service is changed to find new opportunities of CO2 emission reduction by combining various factors such as financial services or long‐term service contracts. Risk analysis of this business model is very important for providing stable services to users over the long term. The HDRIVE business model is found to be suitable for this objective. This service can be applied effectively to industries such as chemicals or steel, where CO2 emissions are very large, and has the possibility of creating new business considering CDM or trading CO2 emission rights. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through several examples in real business. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(3): 40–48, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21242
Cached SLM to reduce the PAPR of OFDM signal
Authors: Yang Lin , Siu Yun‐Ming , Soo Kwok‐Kai , Li Shaoqian 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTSelected mapping (SLM) is one of the most well‐known peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques proposed for the orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The main drawback of the conventional SLM scheme is high computational complexity because of numerous inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) operations when transmitting one OFDM signal, which may hinder its wide application in certain systems. The aim of this paper is to propose a post‐IFFT PAPR reduction scheme based on a cache structure. in the proposed scheme, several candidates are created through combining two of time‐domain signal vectors in cache and the one with the lowest PAPR is transmitted. Because the generation of candidates is implemented after the IFFT, one OFDM signal only requires one complex IFFT operation when using the proposed cache scheme. simulation results show that the new proposed scheme has promising PAPR performance while it decreases the complexity compared with the conventional SLM scheme. In addition, the cache scheme has the ability to be combined with other scheme such as SLM to further reduce the PAPR at the cost of a moderate increase of the complexity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Where now for CCS in the UK?
Authors: Warren Luke 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe UK considers itself to be one of the global leaders in carbon capture and storage (CCS). In early 2011, with financial support from the government ring fenced for demonstration‐scale CCS projects, and a demonstration‐scale project on the near horizon, the future for CCS in the UK looked promising. Luke Warren from the UK Carbon Capture and Storage Association (CCSA) reflects on some major changes that have happened in the last year and considers where the UK is heading with CCS in 2012 and beyond.
Synthesis of pyrazolo[1,3,2]diazaphosphinin‐4‐ones
Authors: Marchenko Anatoliy P. , Koidan Georgiy N. , Huryeva Anastasiya S. , Smaliy Radomyr V. , Yurchenko Aleksandr A. , Kostyk Aleksandr N. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIt was found that phosphinimidic isocyanates based on 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐aminopyrazoles could undergo intramolecular heterocyclization to yield previously unknown pyrazolo[1,3,2]diazaphosphorin‐4‐ones containing an endocyclic PN double bond. It was shown that phosphinimidic isocyanate based on 4‐aminopyrazole, in which there are two positions (3 and 5) available for the cyclization, reacts exclusively at the 5‐carbon atom. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:210–215, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21005
BOOK AND ARTICLE REVIEW SECTION
Authors: Newton Dorothy 
Published: February 2012

Book reviewed in this article:Crites, John O. “Measurement of Vocational Maturity in Adolescence: Attitude Test of the Vocational Development Inventory,” Psychological Monographs.McCall, John N. and Moore, Gilbert D., “Do Interest Inventories Measure Estimated Abilities,” The Personnel and Guidance Journal.
CBF measurements using multidelay pseudocontinuous and velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling in patients with long arterial transit delays: Comparison with xenon CT CBF
Authors: Qiu Deqiang , Straka Matus , Zun Zungho , Bammer Roland , Moseley Michael E. , Zaharchuk Greg 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose:To test the theory that velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) is insensitive to transit delay.Materials and Methods:Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in ten Moyamoya disease patients using xenon computed tomography (xeCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which included multiple pseudo‐continuous ASL (pcASL) with different postlabel delays, VSASL, and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging. Correlation coefficient, root‐mean‐square difference, mean CBF error between ASL, and gold‐standard xeCT CBF measurements as well the dependence of this error on transit delay (TD) as estimated by DSC time‐to‐peak of the residue function (Tmax) were determined.Results:For pcASL with different postlabel delay time (PLD), CBF measurement with short PLD (1.5–2 sec) had the strongest correlations with xeCT; VSASL had a lower but still significant correlation with a mean coefficient of 0.55. We noted the theoretically predicted dependence of CBF error on Tmax and on PLD for pcASL; VSASL CBF measurements had the least dependence of the error on TD. We also noted effects suggesting that the location of the label decay (blood vs. tissue) impacted the measurement, which was worse for pcASL than for VSASL.Conclusion:We conclude that VSASL is less sensitive to TD than conventional ASL techniques and holds promise for CBF measurements in cerebrovascular diseases with slow flow. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:110–119. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The changing ecology of teams: New directions for teams research
Authors: Wageman Ruth , Gardner Heidi , Mortensen Mark 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe nature of collaboration has been changing at an accelerating pace, particularly in the last decade. Much of the published work in teams research, however, is still focused on the archetypal team that has well‐defined membership, purposes, leadership, and standards of effectiveness—all characteristics that are being altered by changes in the larger context of collaboration. Each of these features is worth attention as a dynamic construct in its own right. This article explores what the teams research community has to gain by researching, theorizing, and understanding the many new forms of contemporary collaboration. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiscale Characterization of the Work Hardening Mechanisms in Fe–Mn Based TWIP Steels
Authors: Renard Krystel , Idrissi Hosni , Schryvers Dominique , Jacques Pascal J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhen strained in tension, high‐manganese austenitic twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels achieve very high strength and elongation before necking. The main hypotheses available in the literature about the origin of their excellent work hardening include deformation twinning and dynamic strain ageing. In order to provide some answers, various experiments at different scales were conducted on Fe–Mn–C steels and the Fe–28 wt%Mn–3.5 wt%Al–2.8 wt%Si alloy. At a macroscopic scale, tensile tests were performed on all the studied grades. It was shown that, though the Fe–Mn–Al–Si based alloy retains very high elongation, the Fe–Mn–C steels properties are even more extraordinary. Tensile tests at different strain rates with the help of digital image correlation were also performed on the Fe–20 wt%Mn–1.2 wt%C steel to study the PLC effect occurring in this type of steel. It is suggested that supplementary hardening could come from reorientation of Mn–C pairs in the cores of the dislocations. At a microscopic scale, the Fe–20 wt%Mn–1.2 wt%C TWIP steel and the Fe–Mn–Al–Si grade were thoroughly investigated by means of in situ TEM analysis. In the Fe–Mn–C steel, the formed twins could also lead to a composite effect, since they contain plenty of sessile dislocations. In the Fe–Mn–Al–Si alloy, mechanical twins are thicker and contain fewer defects, leading to a lower work hardening than the other grade.
Carbon dioxide insufflation during withdrawal of the colonoscope improved postprocedure discomfort: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Hsu Wen‐Hsin , Sun Meng‐Shun , Lo Hoi‐Wan , Tsai Ching‐Yang , Tsai Yu‐Jou 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn colonoscopy, the question of when and how to use carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation remains uncertain. Inspection for the pathological changes during colonoscopy takes place during the withdrawal of the scope. This study aimed to determine whether CO2 insufflation only at the withdrawal of the colonoscope has an effect comparable to that of CO2 usage throughout the course of the procedure. Symptomatic patients were randomized in three groups: (1) patients given air insufflation (A; n = 33); (2) patients given CO2 insufflation only at the time of scope withdrawal (CW; n = 33); and (3) patients given the CO2 insufflation (C; n = 34) for the whole course of the colonoscopy. Patients were requested to answer questionnaires about their pain score during, at the end, and 1 h after the colonoscopy by using a pain numerical scale ranging from 0 to 10. The disparities of the pain score were noted at the end of the procedure and 1 h after the procedure (p = 0.026 and p < 0.001, respectively). We further analyzed the scores between two of the three groups. Both CW (vs. A; procedure end: p = 0.012, 1 h after: p = 0.001) and C (vs. A; procedure end: p = 0.072, 1 h after: p < 0.001) showed less postprocedure pain when compared with the group A. The pain score between CW and C were similar at each time segment (procedure end: p = 0.555, 1 h after: p = 0.491). CO2 insufflation merely at the withdrawal of the colonoscope improved postprocedural abdominal discomfort and the effect was not inferior to that of full course CO2 insufflation.
Bayesian models with dominance effects for genomic evaluation of quantitative traits
Authors: WELLMANN ROBIN , BENNEWITZ JÖRN 
Published: February 2012

SummaryGenomic selection refers to the use of dense, genome-wide markers for the prediction of breeding values (BV) and subsequent selection of breeding individuals. It has become a standard tool in livestock and plant breeding for accelerating genetic gain. The core of genomic selection is the prediction of a large number of marker effects from a limited number of observations. Various Bayesian methods that successfully cope with this challenge are known. Until now, the main research emphasis has been on additive genetic effects. Dominance coefficients of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), however, can also be large, even if dominance variance and inbreeding depression are relatively small. Considering dominance might contribute to the accuracy of genomic selection and serve as a guide for choosing mating pairs with good combining abilities. A general hierarchical Bayesian model for genomic selection that can realistically account for dominance is introduced. Several submodels are proposed and compared with respect to their ability to predict genomic BV, dominance deviations and genotypic values (GV) by stochastic simulation. These submodels differ in the way the dependency between additive and dominance effects is modelled. Depending on the marker panel, the inclusion of dominance effects increased the accuracy of GV by about 17% and the accuracy of genomic BV by 2% in the offspring. Furthermore, it slowed down the decrease of the accuracies in subsequent generations. It was possible to obtain accurate estimates of GV, which enables mate selection programmes.
Pantechnik new superconducting ion source: PantechniK Indian Superconducting Ion Source
Authors: Gaubert G. , Bieth C. , Bougy W. , Brionne N. , Donzel X. , Leroy R. , Sineau A. , Vallerand C. , Villari A. C. C. , Thuillier T. 
Published: February 2012

The new ECR ion source PantechniK Indian Superconducting Ion Source (PKISIS) was recently commissioned at Pantechnik. Three superconducting coils generate the axial magnetic field configuration, while the radial magnetic field is done with the multi-layer permanent magnets. Special care was devoted to the design of the hexapolar structure, allowing a maximum magnetic field of 1.32 T at the wall of the 82 mm diameter plasma chamber. The three superconducting coils using low temperature superconducting wires are cooled by a single double stage cryo-cooler (4.2 K). Cryogen-free technology is used, providing reliability and easy maintenance at low cost. The maximum installed RF power (18.0 GHz) is of 2 kW. Metallic beams can be produced with an oven (Tmax = 1400 °C) installed with an angle of 5° with respect to the source axis or a sputtering system, mounted on the axis of the source. The beam extraction system is constituted of three electrodes in accel-decel configuration. The new source of Pantechnik is conceived for reaching optimum performances at 18 GHz RF frequencies. PKISIS magnetic fields are 2.1 T axial Binj and 1.32 T radial field in the wall, variable Bmin with an independent coil and a large and opened extraction region. Moreover, PKISIS integrates modern design concepts, like RF direct injection (2 kW availability), dc-bias moving disk, out-of-axis oven and axial sputtering facility for metal beams. Finally, PKISIS is also conceived in order to operate in a high-voltage platform with minor power consumption.