bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Special Session, AGBAMI Field Development - AGBAMI Offloading System - Worldwide design and fabrication challenges
Authors: Maretti Serge , Hoekstra Sjoerd , Mitwally Hisham 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The Agbami field is located 110 km offshore Nigeria in 1,400 m of water and is operated by STAR Deepwater Petroleum Limited on behalf of the concessionaires Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Famfa Oil Limited and the other funding participants: Statoil Nigeria Limited, Petroleo Brasileiro Nigeria Limited, Star Deepwater Petroleum Limited (an affiliate of Chevron Corporation) and Texaco Nigeria Outer Shelf Inc. (an affiliate of Chevron Corporation).
The Agbami Offloading System consists of a surface buoy connected to the FPSO via two U shaped steel offloading lines. Design and fabrication of the Agbami Offloading System was carried out by a consortium of two companies and the engineering, fabrication and installation planning was carried out by the consortium offices and their subcontractors in several locations worldwide.
This paper will provide an overview of the major safety, design and fabrication challenges encountered during the engineering, fabrication and installation of the Agbami offloading system throughout the various phases of the project, from contract award to commissioning and first offload. The paper will also present some of the lessons learned that were gathered throughout project execution.
Establishing a strong QA/QC system, acceptance criteria and a close working relationship with suppliers proved to be essential in securing the needed quality of the fabricated critical components. Robust interface management system and timely resolution of interfaces was also critical to ensure completion of engineering and delivery of interface components on time.

Agbami Project
Agbami field is a full subsea development consisting of an FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) connected to subsea wells via flexible risers and static and dynamic umbilicals with crestal gas injection and peripheral water injection.
The subsea production system consists of 20 wells centered around 6 drilling center manifolds and tied back to the FPSO by dual flexible risers and flow lines, allowing round trip pigging from the FPSO. Flexible jumpers connect each tree within a drill center to the production manifold. The subsea water injection system consists of 12 injection wells tied back to 4 water injection manifolds via flow lines and jumpers and the manifolds are connected to the FPSO via single flexible risers. The subsea gas injection system consists of 6 gas injection wells tied back to two gas injection manifolds via flow lines and jumpers and the manifolds are connected to the FPSO via dual flexible risers to allow round trip pigging. The FPSO is capable of producing 250,000 barrels and has a storage capacity of 2.15 million barrels of oil.
SS: Agbami Field Development : Agbami Nigerian Content Execution: Successes, Challenges, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Ehondor Henry Ukpomwan 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Star Deep Water Petroleum Limited, an affiliate of Chevron Corporation, is the operator of the Agbami Unit. The concessionaires are Famfa Oil Limited and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. Other partners are; Texaco Nigeria Outer Shelf Inc. (a Chevron affiliate), Petroleo Brasileiro Nigeria Limited and Statoil Nigeria Limited.
Agbami project is recognized as a pacesetter in Nigeria in the successful execution of prescribed Nigerian content scope of work. Agbami Project achieved over 300,000 manhours of Nigerian content engineering and training, 4.2 million manhours of Nigerian content fabrication and over 10,000 tons of Nigerian content fabrication. The project faced several challenges during the execution of the Nigeria content scope and successfully completed the work on schedule without any lost time injury.
This paper will discuss the various successes, challenges and lessons learned during the design and construction of the Nigerian content scope of Agbami Project. Additional insights into specific issues that were addressed will be discussed.
SS: Jack-up Technology: Improved Guidelines for the Prediction of Geotechnical Performance of Spudcan Foundations During Installation and Removal of Jack-up Units
Authors: Osborne Julian , Houlsby G.T. , Teh K.L. , Leung C.F. , Bienen B. , Cassidy M.J. , Randolph M.F. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Incidents of unpredicted, and often adverse, jack-up foundation performance continue to occur regularly, while the safety records of other jack-up activities, such as towing, drilling, structural fatigue, collision, fire and blow-outs have improved significantly. Even with comprehensive site assessment procedures in place, and at a time when the jack-up industry is increasingly focused on the control of risks, foundation incidents continue to occur.
To address these issues a Joint Industry Funded Project (" InSafeJIP??) has been launched with the intention of developing a document titled " Improved Guidelines for the Prediction of Geotechnical Performance of Spudcan Foundations during Installation and Removal of Jack-up Units??.
This JIP is being supported by a wide range of organizations, with representation from:5 Drilling Contractors 5 Operators 4 Marine Warranty Surveyors1 Classification Authority 1 Legislative Authority 1 JU Designer and Builder2 Geotechnical SI Contractors / ConsultantsThe work is being undertaken by a Project Team drawn from the following Universities:National University of Singapore Oxford University The University of Western Australia
This fast track initiative is being project managed by RPS Energy with support from Keppel FELS, and the Guideline is scheduled for Industry release possibly as early as 2010.

Introduction
The overall safety of offshore operations continues to improve at an appreciable rate, but similar success is not being achieved on the predictability, and consequential safety, of jack-up rigs during installation and extraction operations. Unpredictable jack-up foundation performance during installation regularly leads to rig damage, lost production time and project delay with severe cost implications, and at worst can endanger personnel (Osborne et al., 2006).
Key Chayvo Drilling Results and Planning the Interfield Move of the World's Largest Land Rig on Sakhalin Island
Authors: Grini Morten , Kessler Vincent Kessler 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The drilling program at the Chayvo field has concluded after five years of operations. This paper highlights the world-class extended reach drilling (ERD) and completion results achieved at Chayvo using Yastreb, the world's largest land rig. During this time, Yastreb drilled and completed 12 out of the 16 longest ERD wells worldwide to date. At the conclusion of the drilling program, Yastreb and its support infrastructure were moved from the Chayvo location to the new Sakhalin-1 Odoptu field. This paper also describes the significant planning and execution effort required to successfully accomplish the Yastreb rig move in a remote location like Sakhalin Island.
The scope of work to move Yastreb from Chayvo to Odoptu includes disassembling, moving, and rigging up and commissioning the rig and associated infrastructure in a harsh arctic environment with limited logistical support ~200 km away at its new location at Odoptu. Due to the additional requirements of the more challenging Odoptu wells, significant brownfield modifications were also needed, including a new higher torque top drive system and a larger drilling mast. A key focus area during the rig move was executing the scope of work safely with minimum impact to the environment.
The Yastreb rig move started in July 2008 and transportation of the rig and related material was completed in January 2009. Rig up and commissioning is ongoing. The rig is expected to be ready to drill its first well at Odoptu approximately seven months after starting the rig down operation at Chayvo. The application of Chayvo ERD learnings to the Odoptu well design will also be discussed.

Introduction
Sakhalin Island is located north of Japan off the east coast of Russia. The Chayvo and Odoptu fields are located near the northeast coast of the island approximately 10 km offshore (Fig. 1). The climate is sub-arctic with temperatures lower than freezing over half the year, and minimum temperatures below -40°C. Sakhalin Island is also at the northeastern edge of the Eurasian tectonic plate and is subject to significant tectonic stresses resulting in movements along nearby faults. An earthquake of 7.6 on the Richter scale was experienced in 1995. In addition to factoring in potential thermal and seismic effects on the rig and its equipment, both the Chayvo and Odoptu wellsites are on the beach, which contributes significantly to increased " wear and tear?? and creates additional transportation challenges.
RPSEA: Securing Energy for America
Authors: Ming Charles Michael 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA) doubled its membership in just two years as it combined a congressional mandate with a leveraged research, development, demonstration and commercialization process designed to bring United States consumers more domestic natural gas and oil at lower cost. Congress primed the effort when it passed the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct), delivering legislation for the Department of Energy for a program that would speed access to the nation's ultra-deepwater, unconventional and other petroleum resources with particular attention to passing production technology to small producers.

Background
The Department of Energy's (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) competitively selected RPSEA in May 2006 and signed an oversight contract with RPSEA on January 4, 2007. RPSEA went to work with a budget of $37.5 million a year in directed spending for 10 years not subject to congressional appropriation, plus a core of 70 members and a plan to leverage its research money into the most effective research partnership ever assembled for the energy industry. Partnership and membership form the foundation of the RPSEA open innovation public/private partnership. Together, they build the research steps to maximize the value of domestic resources through more efficient and lower cost exploration, drilling and production techniques in three program components—Ultra-Deepwater (UDW), Unconventional Resources and Small Producer. NETL internally manages an additional $12.5 million research program that is complementary to and supportive of RPSEA for a combined annual program of $50 million. Also, NETL has oversight responsibility for RPSEA and the entire program.
RPSEA members come from every corner of the energy industry. Producers of all sizes identify real-world field challenges and drive RPSEA toward solutions that work in everyday operations. Service companies offer a long history of meeting those challenges with sophisticated research facilities geared to affordable solutions. Universities compile the latest techniques and technologies, add post-graduate innovation and pass that learning to others. Public and private organizations, including the national laboratories, lend a focused approach as they help transfer potential new technology to field applications. Together, they create a powerful partnership within the organization and the scope to bring additional resources to bear on specific industry needs.
Strategy for seismic depth processing in Deep Water, Subsalt environment
Authors: Brandsberg-Dahl Sverre , McClean Jim , Wijnen Peter 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Reverse-time prestack depth migration (RTM) has over the last couple of decades been established as an accurate and robust depth-imaging tool. Continuous advances in CPU speed and computer technology are helping make RTM more cost efficient. Today, we see it being used as a standard tool in most seismic imaging projects in conjunction with other imaging tools such as one-way wavefield extrapolation migration and Kirchhoff migration. Reverse time migration uses the full two-way wave equation for the wavefield extrapolation steps; hence there is no intrinsic dip limitation with this approach. This allows the method to handle turning waves and multiply reflected prismatic waves.
All migration methods benefit from spatially well-sampled input data with a large acquisition aperture. The introduction of wide-azimuth towed streamer (WATS) surveys has helped improve both aspects by offering wide receiver spreads and dense sampling. This ensures a more complete initial boundary condition for wavefield migration schemes, which again leads to improved sub-surface images. Applying RTM to wide azimuth data is a proper match between a state-of-the-art imaging algorithm and state-of-the-art acquisition.
Here, we outline some of the challenges of implementing RTM so that it can be applied to explorationscale datasets and wide-azimuth data in particular. We illustrate the performance of the RTM algorithm through comparisons with Kirchhoff, one-way wavefield migration and beam migration on a wide azimuth field dataset from the Gulf of Mexico.
Positional effects on citation and readership in arXiv
Authors: Haque Asif‐ul , Ginsparg Paul 
Published: July 2009

AbstractarXiv.org mediates contact with the literature for entire scholarly communities, providing both archival access and daily email and web announcements of new materials. We confirm and extend a surprising correlation between article position in these initial announcements and later citation impact, due primarily to intentional “self‐promotion” by authors. There is, however, also a pure “visibility” effect: the subset of articles accidentally in early positions fared measurably better in the long‐term citation record. Articles in astrophysics (astro‐ph) and two large subcommunities of theoretical high energy physics (hep‐th and hep‐ph) announced in position 1, for example, respectively received median numbers of citations 83%, 50%, and 100% higher than those lower down, while the subsets there accidentally had 44%, 38%, and 71% visibility boosts. We also consider the positional effects on early readership. The median numbers of early full text downloads for astro‐ph, hep‐th, and hep‐ph articles announced in position 1 were 82%, 61%, and 58% higher than for lower positions, respectively, and those there accidentally had medians visibility‐boosted by 53%, 44%, and 46%. Finally, we correlate a variety of readership features with long‐term citations, using machine learning methods, and conclude with some observations on impact metrics and the dangers of recommender mechanisms.
Exploration of the hydrogen producing potential of Rhodobacter capsulatus chemostat cultures: The application of deceleration‐stat and gradient‐stat methodology
Authors: Hoekema Sebastiaan , van Breukelen Frank R. , Janssen Marcel , Tramper Johannes , Wijffels René H. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this work, the dependency of the volumetric hydrogen production rate of ammonium‐limited Rhodobacter capsulatus chemostat cultures on their imposed biomass concentration and dilution rate was investigated. A deceleration‐stat experiment was performed by lowering the dilution rate from 1.0 d−1 to zero aimed at a constant biomass concentration of 4.0 g L−1 at constant incident light intensity. The results displayed a maximal volumetric hydrogen production rate of 0.6 mmol m−3 s−1, well below model predictions. Possibly the high cell density limited the average light availability, resulting in a sub‐optimal specific hydrogen production rate. To investigate this hypothesis, a gradient‐stat experiment was conducted at constant dilution rate of 0.4 d−1 at constant incident light intensity. The biomass concentration was increased from 0.7 to 4.0 g L−1 by increasing the influent ammonium concentration. Up to a biomass concentration of 1.5 g L−1, the volumetric hydrogen production rate of the system increased according to model predictions, after which it started to decline. The results obtained provide strong evidence that the observed decline in volumetric hydrogen production rate at higher biomass concentrations was at least partly caused by a decrease in light availability. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Effect of surfactants on separate hydrolysis fermentation and simultaneous saccharification fermentation of pretreated lodgepole pine
Authors: Tu Maobing , Zhang Xiao , Paice Mike , McFarlane Paul , Saddler Jack N. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe effects of surfactants addition on enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent fermentation of steam exploded lodgepole pine (SELP) and ethanol pretreated lodgepole pine (EPLP) were investigated in this study. Supplementing Tween 80 during cellulase hydrolysis of SELP resulted in a 32% increase in the cellulose‐to‐glucose yield. However, little improvement was obtained from hydrolyzing EPLP in the presence of the same amount of surfactant. The positive effect of surfactants on SELP hydrolysis led to an increase in final ethanol yield after the fermentation. It was found that the addition of surfactant led to a substantial increase in the amount of free enzymes in the 48 h hydrolysates derived from both substrates. The effect of surfactant addition on final ethanol yield of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was also investigated by using SELP in the presence of additional furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The results showed that the surfactants slightly increased the conversion rates of furfural and HMF during SSF process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The presence of furfural and HMF at the experimental concentrations did not affect the final ethanol concentration either. The strategy of applying surfactants in cellulase recycling to reduce enzyme cost is presented. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Understanding diversity managers&otilde; role in organizational change: Towards a conceptual framework
Authors: Tatlõ Ahu , Özbilgin Mustafa F. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe paper presents a conceptual framework charting the agency of diversity managers in organizational change. Evaluating and critiquing the contemporary models of organizational change management, we identify three concepts, which are situatedness, relationality, and praxis, for understanding the diversity managers' agency in the organizational change process. Each orienting concept is explored in the context of current diversity management literature and their combined explanatory power is discussed. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cluster analysis of immunohistochemical markers in leiomyosarcoma delineates specific anatomic and gender subgroups
Authors: Carvalho Jason C. , Thomas Dafydd G. , Lucas David R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) can be categorized into uterine, retroperitoneal, nonretroperitoneal soft tissue, cutaneous, visceral, and osseous anatomic subtypes. The differential expression of smooth muscle markers, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Wilms tumor‐1 protein (WT1) by anatomic subtype and gender was explored.METHODS:A total of 78 LMS comprised of 30 uterine and 48 nonuterine tumors were studied. Nonuterine tumors were comprised of 17 soft tissue, 16 retroperitoneal, 7 cutaneous, 5 visceral, and 3 osseous subtypes. Immunohistochemical staining intensity on tissue microarray slides was scored as 0, 1+, or 2+, and cluster analysis was performed on the data.RESULTS:Smooth muscle actin was the most sensitive antibody (95%), followed by muscle‐specific actin (91%), calponin (88%), desmin (73%), caldesmon (66%), and myosin (64%). Caldesmon and myosin were usually coexpressed, and were highest in retroperitoneal tumors (94%). There was no discernable correlation noted between histologic differentiation and smooth muscle marker expression. ER was much more common in women, with the highest frequencies noted in female retroperitoneal (86%) and uterine (63%) tumors. Nuclear WT1 was expressed in 11% of all tumors, and was limited to ER‐positive uterine and female retroperitoneal tumors. Cluster analysis segregated 4 groups, most notably 1 driven by ER and PR, with the vast majority being uterine and female retroperitoneal tumors.CONCLUSIONS:Smooth muscle markers demonstrated variable sensitivities in LMS, with a tendency for anatomic subtypes to segregate based on expression patterns of these markers. ER defined a subgroup of uterine and female retroperitoneal tumors, and WT1 was limited to such tumors, suggesting a common line of differentiation as well as potential therapeutic targets. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Liver‐intestine cadherin predicts microvascular invasion and poor prognosis of hepatitis B virus‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ding Zhen‐Bin , Shi Ying‐Hong , Zhou Jian , Shi Guo‐Ming , Ke Ai‐Wu , Qiu Shuang‐Jian , Wang Xiao‐Ying , Dai Zhi , Xu Yang , Fan Jia 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Liver‐intestine cadherin (LI‐cadherin; CDH‐17) is a new member of the cadherin superfamily with distinct structural and functional features. The study was designed to investigate the role of LI‐cadherin in tumor invasion and prognosis of human hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS:LI‐cadherin expression in HBV‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with low‐ and high‐invasive potentials was evaluated by Western‐blot, immunofluorescence, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. The role of LI‐cadherin in tumor invasion was also evaluated in vitro by a small‐interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)‐mediated approach. The prognostic significance of LI‐cadherin was validated in a cohort of HBV‐positive HCC patients by immunohistochemistry and Western‐blot.RESULTS:Significant high levels of LI‐cadherin mRNA and protein were found in the high‐invasive HCCLM3 as compared with those in low‐invasive PLC/PRF/5 and Hep3B cell line. Cell migration, adhesion to extracellular matrix, and matrigel invasion were significantly reduced after LI‐cadherin knockdown in HCCLM3 cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of 255 HBV‐positive HCC cases showed that overexpression of LI‐cadherin was well correlated with microvascular invasion, which was confirmed by Western‐blot in 32 tumor tissues, and its overexpression was strongly associated with shorter overall survival as well as higher incidence of tumor recurrence.CONCLUSIONS:LI‐cadherin is predictive of microvascular invasion and poor prognosis of HBV‐positive HCC, and would be a potential useful intervention target for HCC. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.