bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of age-related changes in the structure and mechanical function of skin with multiscale imaging
Authors: Woessner Alan E. , Witt Nathan J. , Jones Jake D. , Sander Edward A. , Quinn Kyle P. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties of skin change during aging but the relationships between structure and mechanical function remain poorly understood. Previous work has shown that young skin exhibits a substantial decrease in tissue volume, a large macro-scale Poisson’s ratio, and an increase in micro-scale collagen fiber alignment during mechanical stretch. In this study, label-free multiphoton microscopy was used to quantify how the microstructure and fiber kinematics of aged mouse skin affect its mechanical function. In an unloaded state, aged skin was found to have less collagen alignment and more non-enzymatic collagen fiber crosslinks. Skin samples were then loaded in uniaxial tension and aged skin exhibited a lower mechanical stiffness compared to young skin. Aged tissue also demonstrated less volume reduction and a lower macro-scale Poisson’s ratio at 10% uniaxial strain, but not at 20% strain. The magnitude of 3D fiber realignment in the direction of loading was not different between age groups, and the amount of realignment in young and aged skin was less than expected based on theoretical fiber kinematics affine to the local deformation. These findings provide key insights on how the collagen fiber microstructure changes with age, and how those changes affect the mechanical function of skin, findings which may help guide wound healing or anti-aging treatments.
Sometimes I still do not see myself as a computer scientist: Negotiating a computer science identity as a Latina undergraduate and youth mentor
Authors: Martinez-Campa Gislaine , Kier Meredith 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study puts forth the counternarrative of the first author Gislaine, a first-generation undergraduate student, Latina, and computer science major. Gislaine participated in a research internship and STEM mentorship program led by the second author, Meredith. Through this program, Gislaine designed and taught CS lessons to predominantly low-income, African-American middle school students over an 8-day urban summer school program. By analyzing Gislaine’s written account of her journey to CS, as well as planning documents and written reflections on her daily experiences mentoring youth, we explore how Gislaine’s intersecting social identities shape her experiences both as a CS learner and as a mentor to youth. Gislaine’s counternarrative illuminates the systems of oppression present in schools and the CS field, while also highlighting Gislaine’s transformative approaches to mentoring students in CS. Gislaine’s narratives emphasize the importance of humanizing CS and leveraging students’ strengths to promote equitable access to CS education. Through her experiences, she underscores the significance of recognizing and addressing systemic barriers, while also advocating for inclusive and empowering educational practices.
Fabrication and Properties of Bi2S3 Nanowire Thin Film Solar Cells by Spin Coating with Varying Sulfur Concentrations in the Precursor
Authors: Khadka Dev Bahadur , Islam M. A. , Kato Shinya , Soga Tetsuo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe conducted a simple solution-based method to fabricate Bi2S3 nanowire thin film solar cells by spin coating with varying sulfur-to-bismuth ratios. Spherical nanoparticles were observed in the thin film with low-concentration sulfur solution, with these nanoparticles gradually changing to nanorods. Finally, nanowires of Bi2S3 were observed in the thin film with a high sulfur concentration in solution. The band gap gradually decreased with the increase in sulfur concentration. The solar cell performance was significantly improved with the nanowire structure. During film fabrication, sulfur vacancy defects appeared primarily because of high annealing temperatures. These defects were somewhat reduced by the high concentration of sulfur in the solution, supported by the energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results. The elemental chemical composition of Bi2S3 material showed an increase in the sulfur-to-bismuth ratio, reaching saturation at almost 0.9. In this work, we systematically observed the effect on the optical properties, surface morphology, and photovoltaic properties by changing the concentration of sulfur in the precursor. The nanowire structure with a high concentration of sulfur in the solution is a promising way to improve the Bi2S3 thin film solar cell.
Emergence of cheese packaging by edible coatings for enhancing its shelf-life
Authors: El-Sayed Samah M. , Youssef Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCheese is one of the most popular and extensively consumed dairy products. It comes in a variety of flavors, textures, shapes and is prone to infection and decomposition. Edible coatings as cheese packaging serve various key functions in the preservation and enhancement of cheese quality, including increasing shelf life, retaining texture, boosting sensory qualities, and lowering plastic waste and environmental impact. In recent decades, the development of edible coatings has witnessed tremendous growth, and it is projected to have a significant impact on the quality of cheese products in the next few years. Novel edible materials and processing methods are of great interest due to their intriguing potential as revolutionary cheese packaging systems. This review summarizes recent trends in adding edible coating to increase the quality and the shelf-life of cheese, plus the functional of edible coating and their application on cheese to reduce the plastic waste and environmental impact.
Exogenous dopamine mitigates the effects of salinity stress in tomato seedlings by alleviating the oxidative stress and regulating phytohormones
Authors: Yildirim Ertan , Ekinci Melek , Turan Metin , Yuce Merve , Ors Selda , Araz Oğuzhan , Torun Umit , Argin Sanem 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSalt stress is a worldwide major threat to agricultural production. The aim was to investigate the effects of exogenous dopamine (DA) treatments on physiological, morphological and biochemical characteristics of tomato seedlings under salinity stress. Salt stress was created using a 100 mM NaCl solution. Dopamine solutions (0, 50, 100 and 200 µM) were applied with 7-day intervals. Salt stress significantly suppressed plant growth and DA treatments alleviated the negative effects of salt stress on the growth of tomato seedlings. 100 µM DA treatment increased plant and root dry weights, plant stem diameter, plant height and, leaf area by 286.84%, 150.00%, 108.37%, 160.89%, and 158.28%, respectively, compared to the control. Under salinity LRWC, SPAD, chl-a, chl-b, and total chlorophyll contents decreased; membrane permeability (MP), H2O2, MDA, proline and sucrose contents, CAT, POD and SOD activities increased. Under salt stress, when 100 µM DA was applied, LRWC, SPAD, chl-a, chl-b, and total chlorophyll contents of plants increased by 13.64%, 18.62%, 43.08%, 64.90%, and 50.00%, while MP reduced by 21.08% compared to the control. When 200 µM DA was applied under salt stress, H2O2, MDA, proline and sucrose contents, and CAT, POD and SOD activities were reduced by 31.86%, 18.66%, 56.00%, 38.24%, 11.16%, 17.81% and 10.80%, respectively, compared to non-DA-treated plants. Exogenous application of DA increased IAA content, decreased ABA content and increased ratio of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ under salt stress as well. In conclusion, exogenous dopamine treatments effectively prevent cellular damage in tomato seedlings and improve plant tolerance to salt stress.
Innovative Agrowaste Banana Peel Extract-Based Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Eco-Friendly Oxidative Shield and Freshness Fortification
Authors: Abdullah Johar Amin Ahmed , Lagos Silvia Nicole Pérez , Sanchez Emanuel Josué Estrada , Rivera-Flores Octavio , Sánchez-Barahona Marlon , Guerrero Antonio , Romero Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study presents the synthesis of agro-waste banana peel extract-based magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (BPEx-MIONPs), emphasizing antioxidant capacity and food preservation. Using iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3 · 6 H2O) as a precursor and a reducing agent from agro-waste peel extract, a precisely controlled process yielded BPEx-MIONPs. Characterization involved X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD revealed tetragonal Fe2O3, cubic magnetite structure, and monoclinic FexOy-NPs with an average size of 14.8 nm. TEM and SEM revealed diverse morphologies. TEM displayed both spherical and elongated nanoparticles, with some appearing as thin fibrils. In contrast, SEM images depicted an array primarily consisting of spherical nanoparticles, resembling coral reef formations. FTIR confirmed Fe–O bonds (1000 –400 cm-1). The antioxidant assessment showed robust DPPH free radical scavenging; BPEx achieved 100% inhibition at 18 min, and BPEx-MIONPs had an IC50 of ~ 136 µg/mL. BPEx-MIONPs, stabilized with banana-based bioplastic, effectively preserved grapes, reducing weight loss to 6.2% on day 3, compared to the control (19.0%). This pioneering study combines banana peel antioxidants with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, providing sustainable solutions for food preservation and nano-packaging. Ongoing research aims to refine conditions and explore broader applications of BPEx-MIONPs.
Graphical Abstract
Characterizing Spatial and Temporal Trends in Net Sediment Accumulation in Seagrass Meadows
Authors: Haviland Katherine A. , Howarth R. W. , Hayn M. , Giblin A. E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSeagrass meadows are known as hot spots for carbon accumulation, but there is limited field data on the variability of sediment accumulation across time and space. We developed a method to assess spatial and temporal heterogeneity in net sediment accumulation in seagrass meadows using small, inexpensive samplers, allowing for over 200 unique measurements across multiple transects within our study site. Using this method, we assessed sediment accumulation across seagrass meadow edges, and in varying weather conditions. We found the greatest accumulation of sediment 5 m outside of seagrass meadow edges, with sediment accumulation rates averaging just under 100 g m−2 day−1, though rates were highly variable. Carbon accumulation from settled sediment was generally greater outside of seagrass meadow edges than within the bed, especially at sites undergoing recent expansion. Measurements made during tropical storms showed both scouring of sediment away from sites, and increased accumulation, depending on site properties as well as individual tropical storm characteristics. In the storm that had a measurable storm surge, scouring of sediment was a more dominant mechanism, whereas deposition dominated in the storm that had high winds but no associated storm surge. Our data demonstrate the necessity of including measurements that characterize both spatial and meteorological variability to develop a more holistic understanding of the movement of sediment and particulate organic carbon associated with seagrass meadows, especially as meadow area becomes increasingly fragmented with human activity and global change.
An Update on the Adult-Onset Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxias: Novel Genetic Causes and New Diagnostic Approaches
Authors: Rudaks Laura Ivete , Yeow Dennis , Ng Karl , Deveson Ira W. , Kennerson Marina L. , Kumar Kishore Raj 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe hereditary cerebellar ataxias (HCAs) are rare, progressive neurologic disorders caused by variants in many different genes. Inheritance may follow autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked or mitochondrial patterns. The list of genes associated with adult-onset cerebellar ataxia is continuously growing, with several new genes discovered in the last few years. This includes short-tandem repeat (STR) expansions in RFC1, causing cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS), FGF14-GAA causing spinocerebellar ataxia type 27B (SCA27B), and THAP11. In addition, the genetic basis for SCA4, has recently been identified as a STR expansion in ZFHX3. Given the large and growing number of genes, and different gene variant types, the approach to diagnostic testing for adult-onset HCA can be complex. Testing methods include targeted evaluation of STR expansions (e.g. SCAs, Friedreich ataxia, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy), next generation sequencing for conventional variants, which may include targeted gene panels, whole exome, or whole genome sequencing, followed by various potential additional tests. This review proposes a diagnostic approach for clinical testing, highlights the challenges with current testing technologies, and discusses future advances which may overcome these limitations. Implementing long-read sequencing has the potential to transform the diagnostic approach in HCA, with the overall aim to improve the diagnostic yield.
A life course perspective: women’s childhood background and family formation trajectories in low-fertility South Korea
Authors: Tan Jolene , Yu Shao-Tzu 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite increasing interest in understanding fertility from a life course perspective, few studies have examined family formation pathways through a holistic lens. Using women’s birth history and individual-level data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families, we conducted sequence analysis to gain a comprehensive picture of family formation trajectories across time. We identified six clusters representing a gradient from late/low to early/high rates of marriage and fertility. Growing up with parents of higher socioeconomic status and a smaller family size showed links to pathways that delays and declines in marriage and fertility characterised. On the other hand, being born in a non-metropolitan area related to earlier family formation. The findings support the idea that considering life course circumstances and context could enhance our understanding of marriage and fertility trends. Specifically, intergenerational influences, interdependencies between the timing and sequence of transitions and the endogeneity of multiple life trajectories are important to consider.
Neumann eigenvalues of elliptic operators in Sobolev extension domains
Authors: Gol’dshtein Vladimir , Pchelintsev Valerii , Ukhlov Alexander 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe obtain estimates of Neumann eigenvalues of the divergence form elliptic operators in Sobolev extension domains. The suggested approach is based on connections between divergence form elliptic operators and quasiconformal mappings. The connection between Neumann eigenvalues of elliptic operators and the smallest-circle problem (initially suggested by J. J. Sylvester in 1857) is given.
Ultra-Processed Food Addiction: A Research Update
Authors: LaFata Erica M. , Allison Kelly C. , Audrain-McGovern Janet , Forman Evan M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Detail recent advancements in the science on ultra-processed food (UPF) addiction, focusing on estimated prevalence rates and emerging health disparities; progress towards identifying biological underpinnings and behavioral mechanisms; and implications for weight management.

Recent Findings
Notable developments in the field have included: (1) estimating the global prevalence of UPF addiction at 14% of adults and 15% of youths; (2) revealing health disparities for persons of color and those with food insecurity; (3) observing altered functioning across the brain-gut-microbiome axis; (4) providing early evidence for UPF withdrawal; and (5) elucidating poorer weight management outcomes among persons with UPF addiction.

Summary
The breadth of recent work on UPF addiction illustrates continued scientific and public interest in the construct and its implications for understanding and treating overeating behaviors and obesity. One pressing gap is the lack of targeted interventions for UPF addiction, which may result in more optimal clinical outcomes for this underserved population.
Characterisation of Sleep Problems in Angelman Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: O’Rourke Nakita , Haverty Ross , Mannion Arlene , Whelan Sally , Leader Geraldine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractStudies have reported high prevalence rates of sleep problems in Angelman Syndrome (AS), relating to abnormal sleep–wake cycles and reduced sleep duration. This systematic review aimed to characterise sleep problems in AS, investigate how they are assessed and identify the treatments/interventions prescribed. A systematic search of PsycINFO, PubMed and Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection was conducted using pre-determined search terms. Relevant studies published between 2016 and mid-2020 were included to expand on earlier reviews. Seven articles quantifying sleep problems, assessment and treatment/intervention in children and adults with AS were reviewed (N = 266). Findings demonstrated reduced total sleep duration (M = 538 min), longer night-awakenings (M = 67 min) and reduced sleep efficiency (78%) in AS compared with typically developing peers. Medication was highly prescribed historically/currently (n = 176, 66.2%). This review highlights the clinically significant presence of sleep problems with the majority of individuals requiring medical intervention. Decreased sleep duration, sleep efficiency and increased night-awakenings represent the most significant sleep problems across studies. Findings suggest sleep problems begin in infancy but improve in adulthood. This finding should be considered with caution as only two studies included an adult sample. Priorities for future research should focus on longitudinal studies to determine whether sleep problems improve with age in AS.
When ‘Best’ Practice Isn’t…
Authors: Finn Gabrielle M. , Brown Megan E. L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBest, is to be ‘of the highest quality, or being the most suitable, pleasing, or effective type of thing or person’. Within medical education, 'best-ness' is evident within best practice guides and recommendations, and within research, where best evidence influences design and conduct. Yet, much of the evidence of best-ness fails to consider best for who and where, what, and when. Thinking needs reframing, given that “best-ness” and medical education are such good bedfellows, but it is critical that we recognise the impact and influence of context — that practice can be good, but cannot be universally and unflinchingly best.
Using Adult Learning Theory to Guide Instruction in Training Physical Therapy Students on the Use of AI in Didactic Education
Authors: Thompson Stacia Hall , Fecher Patricia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) use is increasing in physical therapy. Didactic curricular experiences can introduce AI to prepare students for clinical practice. A targeted approach to learning incorporating Adult Learning Theory can foster student development of critical thinking for translation to appropriate use in clinical practice.
DATFNets-dynamic adaptive assigned transformer network for fire detection
Authors: Wang Zuoxin , Zhao Xiaohu , Li Dunqing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFires cause severe damage to the ecological environment and threaten human life and property. Although the traditional convolutional neural network method effectively detects large-area fires, it cannot capture small fires in complex areas through a limited receptive field. At the same time, fires can change at any time due to the influence of wind direction, which challenges fire prevention and control personnel. To solve these problems, a novel dynamic adaptive distribution transformer detection framework is proposed to help firefighters and researchers develop optimal fire management strategies. On the one hand, this framework embeds a context aggregation layer with a masking strategy in the feature extractor to improve the representation of low-level and salient features. The masking strategy can reduce irrelevant information and improve network generalization. On the other hand, designed a dynamic adaptive direction conversion function and sample allocation strategy to fully use adaptive point representation while achieving accurate positioning and classification of fires and screening out representative fire samples in complex backgrounds. In addition, to prevent the network from being limited to the local optimum and discrete points in the sample from causing severe interference to the overall performance, designed a weighted loss function with spatial constraints to optimize the network and penalize the discrete points in the sample. The mAP in the three baseline data sets of FireDets, WildFurgFires, and FireAndSmokes are 0.871, 0.909, and 0.955, respectively. The experimental results are significantly better than other detection methods, which proves that the proposed method has good robustness and detection performance.
Surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms for expensive combinatorial optimization: a survey
Authors: Liu Shulei , Wang Handing , Peng Wei , Yao Wen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs potent approaches for addressing computationally expensive optimization problems, surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) have garnered increasing attention. Prevailing endeavors in evolutionary computation predominantly concentrate on expensive continuous optimization problems, with a notable scarcity of investigations directed toward expensive combinatorial optimization problems (ECOPs). Nevertheless, numerous ECOPs persist in practical applications. The widespread prevalence of such problems starkly contrasts the limited development of relevant research. Motivated by this disparity, this paper conducts a comprehensive survey on SAEAs tailored to address ECOPs. This survey comprises two primary segments. The first segment synthesizes prevalent global, local, hybrid, and learning search strategies, elucidating their respective strengths and weaknesses. Subsequently, the second segment furnishes an overview of surrogate-based evaluation technologies, delving into three pivotal facets: model selection, construction, and management. The paper also discusses several potential future directions for SAEAs with a focus towards expensive combinatorial optimization.
The Potential of Vehicle-to-Home Integration for Residential Prosumers: A Case Study
Authors: Brennenstuhl Marcus , Otto Robert , Elangovan Pawan Kumar , Eicker Ursula 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe transition of the transport sector to e-mobility poses various challenges but also provides great flexible load and supply potential and thus enables a stronger coupling of the transport sector with other sectors. If emerging opportunities such as bidirectional charging in the context of Vehicle-to-Home and Vehicle-to-Grid applications are utilised, a previously unimagined load management and storage potential can be tapped. This can transform e-mobility from an additional burden to the grid to a grid-supporting factor that enables greater integration of renewable energies and reduces additional investments in infrastructure like grid expansion and stationary storage systems. In order to investigate this potential, within this work we examine simulation based various Vehicle-to-Home (PV self-consumption, load shifting due to flexible electricity tariff) and Vehicle-to-Grid (secondary reserve) scenarios for different driving profiles for a residential building with heat pump, PV system and optionally a small wind turbine. In addition, a charge load optimisation is carried out using a genetic algorithm. The energy quantities, saving potential and additional number of battery cycles are quantified. The results show that, despite additional battery degradation, significant financial incentives can be achieved.