bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered sensitivity to excitotoxic cell death and glutamate receptor expression between two commonly studied mouse strains
Authors: Finn Rozzy , Kovács Attila D. , Pearce David A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAlterations in glutamatergic synapse function have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many different neurological disorders, including ischemia, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. While studying glutamate receptor function in juvenile Batten disease on the C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEvmouse backgrounds, we noticed differences unlikely to be due to mutation difference alone. We report here that primary cerebellar granule cell cultures from C57BL/6J mice are more sensitive to N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐mediated cell death. Moreover, sensitivity to AMPA‐mediated excitotoxicity is more variable and is dependent on the treatment conditions and age of the cultures. Glutamate receptor surface expression levels examined in vitro by in situ ELISA and in vivo by Western blot in surface cross‐linked cerebellar samples indicated that these differences in sensitivity likely are due to strain‐dependent differences in cell surface receptor expression levels. We propose that differences in glutamate receptor expression and in excitotoxic vulnerability should be taken into consideration in the context of characterizing disease models on the C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEvmouse backgrounds. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of nerve injury and activation of peripheral glial cells in tetanic sciatic stimulation‐induced persistent pain in rats
Authors: Liang Lingli , Wang Zhiyong , Lü Ning , Yang Jiale , Zhang Yuqiu , Zhao Zhiqi 
Published: June 2010

AbstractTetanic stimulation of the sciatic nerve (TSS) produces long‐lasting pain hypersensitivity in rats. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) of C‐ and A‐fiber‐evoked field potentials in the spinal cord has been explored as contributing to central sensitization in pain pathways. However, the peripheral mechanism underlying TSS‐induced pain hypersensitivity remains largely unknown. We investigated the effect of TSS on peripheral nerve and the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) as a marker of neuronal injury. TSS induced a mechanical allodynia for at least 35 days and induced ATF3 expression in the ipsilateral DRG. ATF3 is colocalized with NF200‐labeled myelinated DRG neurons or CGRP‐ and IB4‐labeled unmyelinated ones. Furthermore, we found that TSS induced Wallerian degeneration of sciatic nerve at the level of myelinisation by S100 protein (to label Schwann cells) immunohistochemistry, luxol fast blue staining, and electron microscopy. TSS also elicited the activation of satellite glial cells (SGCs) and enhanced the colocalization of GFAP and P2X7 receptors. Repeated local treatment with tetrodotoxin decreased GFAP expression in SGCs and behavioral allodynia induced by TSS. Furthermore, reactive microglia and astrocytes were found in the spinal dorsal horn after TSS. These results suggest that TSS‐induced nerve injury and glial activation in the DRG and spinal dorsal horn may be involved in cellular mechanisms underlying the development of persistent pain after TSS and that TSS‐induced nerve injury may be used as a novel neuropathic pain model. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker can preserve endothelial function and attenuate brain ischemic damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Oyama Naoki , Yagita Yoshiki , Sasaki Tsutomu , Omura‐Matsuoka Emi , Terasaki Yasukazu , Sugiyama Yukio , Sakoda Saburo , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractHypertension reduces endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and leads to endothelial dysfunction. However, few studies have demonstrated the influences of hypertension on eNOS function in the cerebral cortex. The present study investigates the influences of hypertension on endothelial function in the cerebral cortex and the protective effects of antihypertensive agents against brain ischemia through the preservation of endothelial function. Five‐ and ten‐week‐old male Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used for experiments. Five‐week‐old SHR received olmesartan, hydralazine, or vehicle for 5 weeks in drinking water. eNOS activation in the cerebral cortex was evaluated by analyzing levels of total and Ser1177‐phosphorylated eNOS protein by Western blot. Blood pressure of 10‐week‐old SHR without treatment was clearly high, and the ratio of phospho‐eNOS/total eNOS protein was significantly low. Five‐week treatment with olmesartan or hydralazine suppressed the elevation of blood pressure and the reduction of phosphorylated eNOS‐Ser1177 in SHR, and olmesartan was more effective in maintaining phosphorylation of eNOS‐Ser1177 than hydralazine. To assess the contribution of eNOS to maintaining cerebral blood flow (CBF), we monitored CBF by laser‐Doppler flowmetry after L‐N5‐(1‐iminoethyl)ornithine (L‐NIO) infusion. CBF response to L‐NIO was preserved in olmesartan‐treated SHR but not in hydralazine‐treated SHR. Furthermore, infarct volume 48 hr after transient focal brain ischemia in olmesartan‐treated SHR was significantly reduced compared with vehicle‐treated SHR. These findings indicate that chronic prehypertensive treatment with olmesartan could attenuate brain ischemic injury through the maintenance of endothelial function in the cerebral cortex in SHR. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corticotropin‐releasing factor‐2 activation prevents gentamicin‐induced oxidative stress in cells derived from the inner ear
Authors: Basappa Johnvesly , Turcan Sevin , Vetter Douglas E. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractGeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a common denominator in many conditions leading to cell death in the cochlea, yet little is known of the cochlea's endogenous mechanisms involved in preventing oxidative stress and its consequences in the cochlea. We have recently described a corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) signaling system in the inner ear involved in susceptibility to noise‐induced hearing loss. We use biochemical and proteomics assays to define further the role of CRF signaling in the response of cochlear cells to aminoglycoside exposure. We demonstrate that activity via the CRF2 class of receptors protects against aminoglycoside‐induced ROS production and activation of cell death pathways. This study suggests for the first time a role for CRF signaling in protecting the cochlea against oxidative stress, and our proteomics data suggest novel mechanisms beyond induction of free radical scavengers that are involved in its protective mechanisms. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The characteristics of laser‐driven shock wave investigated by time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Song Yunfei , Zheng Xianxu , Yu Guoyang , Zhao Jun , Jiang Lilin , Liu Yuqiang , Yang Bin , Yang Yanqiang 
Published: June 2010

AbstractAn accurate and simple method, Raman peak‐shift simulation, is proposed to determine the characteristics of a laser‐driven shock wave. Using the principle of the Raman peaks shifting at high pressure and the pressure distribution in the gauge layer, the profile of the Raman peak can be numerically simulated. Combined with time‐resolved Raman spectroscopy, some main characteristics of the shock wave were determined. In the experiment, polycrystalline anthracene was used as the pressure gauge. The pump–probe technique was used to obtain the time‐resolved Raman spectra of anthracene under shock loading. The velocity of the shock wave, the peak pressure and the rise time of the shock front were determined by simulating the experimental spectra numerically. The result shows that the method of Raman peak‐shift simulation is effective in obtaining the characteristics of a laser‐driven shock wave. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in treatment for synchronous colorectal liver metastases: Differences in outcome before and after 2000
Authors: van der Pool Anne E.M. , Lalmahomed Zarina S. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Eggermont Alexander M.M. , Ijzermans Jan N.M. , Verhoef Cornelis 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackgroundThe traditional treatment for stage IV colorectal cancer has changed from palliative chemotherapy toward an aggressive multimodality approach. In the current study outcome in patients who underwent surgery for synchronous colorectal liver metastases (CLM) in a single center was evaluated.MethodsFrom January 1991 to May 2008 all consecutive patients with synchronous CLM who underwent curative resection of both primary and metastatic disease were included. Date of resection was divided into two groups: date of hepatic resection before and after the year 2000.ResultsFifty patients (26%) with synchronous CLM were resected before 2000 and 142 patients (74%) underwent resection after 2000. The estimated 5‐year disease‐free survival before and after 2000 was 9% and 27%, respectively (P = 0.379). More patients who underwent resection after 2000 were treated with local therapy or underwent resection for intra‐hepatic recurrence (62% vs. 28%, P = 0.033). The estimated 5‐year survival before and after 2000 was 26% and 44%, respectively (P = 0.001).ConclusionSurvival rates in patients with synchronous CLM have been increased in the past decade. The introduction of new chemotherapeutic drugs and a more aggressive treatment approach in patients with liver recurrence were probably major factors in this progress. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:413–418. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extensive lymphatic spread of cancer cells in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Detection of CEA‐mRNA in the three‐field lymph nodes
Authors: Imamura Yu , Hayashi Naoko , Sato Nobutaka , Kinoshita Koichi , Kurashige Junji , Saito Seiya , Hirashima Kotaro , Karashima Ryuichi , Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Nagai Yohei , Watanabe Masayuki , Baba Hideo 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to clarify the extent of lymphatic spread of cancer cells using a novel genetic test to examine patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsA total of 35 patients who underwent an esophagectomy with three‐field lymph node (LN) dissection were eligible. The regional LN stations were categorized into the cervical (C), recurrent nerve (RN), paraesophageal (PE), tracheo‐bronchial (TB), and perigastric (PG) nodes. Lymphatic spread was pathologically diagnosed with Hematoxylin‐Eosin (HE) and anti‐cytokeratin immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining, and CEA‐mRNA expression was examined using the transcription‐reverse transcription concerted (TRC) reaction.ResultsThe rates of lymphatic spread with HE, IHC, and TRC were 7.2%, 10.1%, and 55.5%, respectively. The number of CEA‐mRNA(+) LN stations significantly correlated with tumor depth, LN metastasis diagnosed by HE, and vascular invasions. CEA‐mRNA expression was observed in 42.9%, 94.3%, 77.1%, 80.0%, and 82.9% of C, RN, TB, PE, and PG nodes, respectively.ConclusionsThe high frequency of CEA‐mRNA expression suggests that systemic therapy is necessary in addition to esophagectomy with adequate LN dissection. Conversely, a relatively low frequency of CEA‐mRNA expression in the C node does not support the routine dissection of the LNs in this area. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:509–515. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of Pim‐1 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Hong‐Tao , Wang Ning , Wang Xin , Li Sheng‐Lei 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIt is well known that provirus integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (Pim‐1) plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Here, we investigated expression of Pim‐1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and assessed the correlation between Pim‐1 level and prognosis of the patients with ESCC.MethodsExpression of Pim‐1 was investigated by RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization methods. Kaplan–Meier statistics was used to examine the relationship between levels of Pim‐1 and prognosis using log‐rank test.ResultsThe results demonstrated that ESCC tissues appeared strong expression levels of Pim‐1 mRNA and protein while the normal esophageal tissues were either negative or showed only weak Pim‐1 mRNA and protein levels. In addition, we found that Pim‐1 expression was significantly correlated with histology grade, clinical staging, and lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05), but not related to age and sex (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, the results of survival rates analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curve revealed that patients with high Pim‐1 mRNA and protein expressions had a poorer prognosis than those with the low Pim‐1 expression (P = 0.010 and 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that Pim‐1 may be used as molecular marker for predicting the prognosis of patients with ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010;102:683–688. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐Assembly‐Peptide Hydrogels as Tissue‐Engineering Scaffolds for Three‐Dimensional Culture of Chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Liu Jingping , Song Hong , Zhang Lanlan , Xu Hongyan , Zhao Xiaojun 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe promising potential of a RAD‐16 self‐assembly‐peptide hydrogel as a scaffold for tissue‐engineered cartilage was investigated. Within 3 weeks of in vitro culture, chondrocytes within the hydrogel produced a high amount of GAG and type‐II collagen, which are the components of cartilage‐specific extracellular matrix (ECM). With the culture time increased, toluidine‐blue staining for GAG and immuno‐histochemistry staining for type‐II collagen of the chondrocytes‐hydrogel composites became more intense. Analysis of the gene expression of the ECM molecules also confirmed the chondrocytes in the peptide hydrogel maintained their phenotype within 3 weeks of in vitro culture.magnified image
Abnormal explicit but normal implicit sequence learning in premanifest and early Huntington's disease
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Wilkinson Leonora , Bhatia Kailash P. , Henley Susie M. D. , Rothwell John C. , Tabrizi Sarah J. , Jahanshahi Marjan 
Published: June 2010

AbstractLearning may occur with or without awareness, as explicit (intentional) or implicit (incidental) learning. The caudate nucleus and the putamen, which are affected early in Huntington's disease (HD), are thought to be essential for motor sequence learning. However, the results of existing studies are inconsistent concerning presence/absence of deficits in implicit and explicit motor sequence learning in HD. We assessed implicit and explicit motor sequence learning using sequences of equivalent structure in 15 individuals with a positive HD genetic test (7 premanifest; 8 early stage disease) and 11 matched controls. The HD group showed evidence of normal implicit motor sequence learning, whereas explicit motor sequence learning was impaired in manifest and premanifest HD gene carriers, with progressive decline with progressive disease. Explicit sequence learning may be a useful cognitive biomarker for HD progression. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
The pharmacological treatment for uremic restless legs syndrome: Evidence‐based review
Authors: de Oliveira Márcio Moysés , Conti Cristiane Fiquene , Valbuza Juliana Spelta , de Carvalho Luciane Bizari Coin , do Prado Gilmar Fernandes 
Published: June 2010

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common and often misdiagnosed entity among the general population and it may be more common among dialysis patients, with an estimated prevalence of 6.6 to 21.5%. The treatment for uremic RLS has been controversial and therefore a systematic synthesis of the evidence is needed in order to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of treatments for uremic RLS. This was a systematic review of randomized or quasi‐randomized double‐blind trials on treatments for uremic RLS. The outcomes considered were relief of RLS symptoms marked on a validated scale, subjective sleep quality, sleep quality measured using night polysomnography and actigraphy, quality of life measured subjectively, and adverse events associated with these treatments. Six eligible clinical trials were included. The results from subjective analyses in these studies were divergent, although objective analyses in one trial showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in periodic leg movement while asleep in the treatment group. No combined analysis (meta‐analysis) was performed. The most common adverse event seen was gastrointestinal symptoms. Only a few therapeutic trials on patients with uremia with RLS have been published, and there is insufficient scientific evidence to favor any specific therapeutic regimen for uremic‐associated RLS. Therapy using levodopa, dopaminergic agonists, anticonvulsants, and clonidine tend to be effective, but further studies are needed. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Objective detection of subtle freezing of gait episodes in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Delval Arnaud , Snijders Anke H. , Weerdesteyn Vivian , Duysens Jacques E. , Defebvre Luc , Giladi Nir , Bloem Bastiaan R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractFreezing of gait (FOG) is a clinically defined phenomenon of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent evidence suggests that subtle FOG episodes can be elicited in a gait laboratory using suddenly appearing obstacles during treadmill walking. We evaluated which quantitative gait parameters identify such subtle FOG episodes. We included 10 PD patients with FOG, 10 PD patients without FOG, and 10 controls. Subjects walked on a motorized treadmill while avoiding unexpectedly appearing obstacles. Treadmill walking was videotaped, and FOG episodes were identified by two independent experts. Gait was also analyzed using detailed kinematics. Knee joint signals were processed using time–frequency analysis with combinations of sliding fast Fourier transform and wavelets transform. Twenty FOG episodes occurred during treadmill walking in 5 patients (all with clinically certified FOG), predominantly in relation to obstacle avoidance. FOG was brief when it occurred just before or after obstacle crossing and was characterized by short, rapid steps. Frequency analysis showed a typical qualitative pattern: before the FOG episode an increase in dominant frequency in the 0 to 3 Hz band (festination), followed by decreased power in 0 to 3 Hz band and an increased power in the 3 to 8 Hz band during the FOG episode. This pattern led to an increased FOG index as a qualitative measure. These approaches detected even very brief FOG with acceptable sensitivity (75–83%) and specificity (>95%). We conclude that time–frequency analysis is an appropriate approach to detect brief and subtle FOG episodes. Future work will need to decide whether this approach can support or even replace expert clinical opinion. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Longitudinal tracking of gait and balance impairments in cerebellar disease
Authors: Morton Susanne M. , Tseng Ya‐Weng , Zackowski Kathleen M. , Daline Jaclyn R. , Bastian Amy J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractCerebellar damage typically results in ataxia and can be caused by stroke, tumor, or one of many forms of degenerative disease. Since few pharmacological options are available, most treatments rely heavily on rehabilitation therapy. Little data exist on methods for tracking the progression of ataxia, which is critical for assessing the efficacy of current and newly developing treatments. Here, we tracked the severity of ataxia, with a particular emphasis on gait and balance dysfunction, in a group of individuals with cerebellar damage using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) and several instrumented laboratory measures of gait and balance impairments over 1 year. We found that the ICARS was able to distinguish between subjects with static lesions and those with degenerative disorders, was sensitive to increases in ataxia severity occurring over 1 year, and correlated well with specific instrumented measures of gait in persons with cerebellar degeneration. These results suggest the ICARS is a valuable tool for clinicians and investigators to document and track long‐term changes in gait and balance performance in individuals with cerebellar degenerative disorders. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society
Lipid accumulation and metabolism in polychaete spermatogenesis: Role of the large discoidal lipoprotein
Authors: Schenk Sven , Hoeger Ulrich 
Published: June 2010

AbstractIn most oviparous animals, lipoprotein‐mediated lipid transport plays an important role in the nutrient supply for the oocyte. In male gametes, lipids are used as energy substrates in spermatozoa but nothing is yet known about their origin and metabolism throughout spermatogenesis. The lipid profiles analyzed from different stages of male germ cell development in the marine annelid Nereis virens were found to undergo a dramatic change from primary triacylglycerides at the beginning of germ cell development to cholesterol and phospholipids at the end of development as demonstrated by HPLC with evaporative light scattering detection and mass spectrometry. The uptake of a large discoidal lipoprotein into the developing germ cells could be demonstrated by fluorescence labeling and electron microscopic techniques as well as by the presence of a lipoprotein receptor in the germ cells, thus establishing its role in lipid supply. The incorporated lipoprotein discs were found to be stored as intact complexes indicating that they are not readily degraded upon endocytotic uptake. The change in lipid composition during germ cell development reflects their metabolic activity, especially in spermatogonia. The high concentration of lipids maintained by spermatogonia during the early phase of gametogenesis seems to be required for the later rapid processes of meiosis and spermatocyte differentiation. At times when peak demand of lipids arises for membrane synthesis and increased metabolism, this may be met more efficiently by a rapid on‐site mobilization of lipids instead of an external supply. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 710–719, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous myocardial strain and dark‐blood perfusion imaging using a displacement‐encoded MRI pulse sequence
Authors: Le Yuan , Stein Ashley , Berry Colin , Kellman Peter , Bennett Eric E. , Taylor Joni , Lucas Katherine , Kopace Rael , Chefd'Hotel Christophe , Lorenz Christine H. , Croisille Pierre , Wen Han 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a displacement‐encoded pulse sequence for simultaneous perfusion and strain imaging. Displacement‐encoded images in two to three myocardial slices were repeatedly acquired using a single‐shot pulse sequence for 3 to 4 min, which covers a bolus infusion of Gadolinium contrast. The magnitudes of the images were T1 weighted and provided quantitative measures of perfusion, while the phase maps yielded strain measurements. In an acute coronary occlusion swine protocol (n = 9), segmental perfusion measurements were validated against microsphere reference standard with a linear regression (slope 0.986, R2 = 0.765, Bland‐Altman standard deviation = 0.15 mL/min/g). In a group of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction patients (n = 11), the scan success rate was 76%. Short‐term contrast washout rate and perfusion are highly correlated (R2 = 0.72), and the pixelwise relationship between circumferential strain and perfusion was better described with a sigmoidal Hill curve than linear functions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring strain and perfusion from a single set of images. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.