bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of ionizing radiation‐induced DNA damage and repair in three‐dimensional human skin model system
Authors: Su Yanrong , Meador Jarah A. , Geard Charles R. , Balajee Adayabalam S. 
Published: July 2009

Please cite this paper as: Analysis of ionizing radiation‐induced DNA damage and repair in three‐dimensional human skin model system. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: e16–e22.Abstract:  Knowledge of cellular responses in tissue microenvironment is crucial for the accurate prediction of human health risks following chronic or acute exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). With this objective, we investigated the radio responses for the first time in three‐dimensional (3D) artificial human skin tissue microenvironment after γ‐rays radiation. IR‐induced DNA damage/repair response was assessed by immunological analysis of well‐known DNA double strand break (DSB) repair proteins, i.e. 53BP1 and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutatedser1981 (ATMser1981). Efficient 53BP1 and phosphorylated ATM foci formation was observed in human EpiDerm tissue constructs after low and high doses of γ‐rays. Interestingly, EpiDerm tissue constructs displayed less 53BP1 and ATM foci number at all radiation doses (0.1, 1, 2.5 and 5 Gy) than that observed for 2D human fibroblasts. DSB repair efficiency judged by the disappearance of 53BP1 foci declined with increasing doses of γ‐rays and tissue constructs irradiated with 2.5 and 5 Gy of γ‐rays displayed 53BP1 foci persisting up to 72 h of analysis. Pretreatment of EpiDerm tissue constructs with LY294002, [an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol‐3 kinase and PI‐3 kinase like kinases (PIKK)] completely abolished IR‐induced 53BP1 foci formation and increased the apoptotic death. This observation indicates the importance of PIKK signalling pathway for efficient radiation responses in intact tissue constructs. In summary, we have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring the DNA damage response in human skin tissue microenvironment. In this system, 53BP1 can be used as a useful marker for monitoring the DSB repair efficiency.
In vivo distribution of carotenoids in different anatomical locations of human skin: comparative assessment with two different Raman spectroscopy methods
Authors: Darvin Maxim E. , Fluhr Joachim W. , Caspers Peter , Van Der Pool André , Richter Heike , Patzelt Alexa , Sterry Wolfram , Lademann Jürgen 
Published: July 2009

Background:  The cutaneous antioxidants form an efficient protection system against the destructive potential of free radicals, produced by environmental factors, such as UV‐sun irradiation, hazardous substances and lifestyle habits. Most of the antioxidants cannot be produced by the human organism. Thus, they have to be incorporated by food and beverages.Material and Methods:  In the present manuscript, the distribution of carotenoids as a marker for antioxidative potential in human skin was investigated with two different in vivo Raman spectroscopy methods with an excitation wavelength of 785 nm (Skin Analyzer) and at 488 nm (resonance Raman spectroscopy). The carotenoid profile was assessed at three different anatomical locations (palm, forehead and volar forearm) in 12 healthy volunteers.Results:  In untreated skin, the major fraction of the carotenoids is located in the upper part of the stratum corneum (SC). The amount of carotenoid is lower in the upper part of the SC on the forearm compared to forehead and palm shown with both methods. Both methods detect similar distinction patterns of carotenoid levels for the three anatomical locations.Conclusion:  The present study supports the hypothesis that antioxidative substances; here carotenoids, are secreted via eccrine sweat glands and/or sebaceous glands to the skin surface. Raman spectroscopic methods are an efficient tool to analyze the distribution of carotenoids in the human skin over time and with the Skin Analyzer over different layers of the epidermis. Resonance Raman spectroscopy is suited to analyze deeper parts of the skin.
How to run an effective and efficient dermato‐oncology unit: a Dutch approach
Authors: Van Der Geer Simone , Reijers Hajo , Krekels Gertruud 
Published: July 2009

SummaryThe worldwide incidence of skin cancer (especially non‐melanoma skin cancer) has risen dramatically over the last decades. Skin cancer, including pre‐malignant lesions, is becoming a chronic disease. Adjustments in skin cancer health care need to be made. A disease management system for skin cancer is mandatory in order to avoid waiting lists and insure adequate treatment quality with ever growing numbers of patients requiring treatment. At the Catharina Hospital Eindhoven adjustments are being made on several levels of the dermato‐oncology unit in collaboration with Eindhoven University of Technology. The model combines technological improvements, training health care workers, training of general practitioners and prevention of skin cancer. We discuss our ideas and clinical experiences with managing a dermato‐oncology unit.
Recapturing quality field experiences and strengthening teaching–research links
Authors: Spronken‐Smith Rachel , Hilton Mike 
Published: July 2009

AbstractBecause of unwieldy numbers, and in an attempt to strengthen teaching–research links, the teaching team of ‘Field Research Methods’ discarded a class fieldtrip in favour of more flexible fieldwork. The new approach continues to use inquiry‐based learning but has research problems more closely linked to staff interests. Students are responsible for most aspects of the research process including some logistical planning of fieldwork. Although often anxious at first, students welcomed this approach and appreciated the host of transferable and research skills they developed. Tutors benefited from the enhanced learning outcomes for students and a strengthening of teaching–research links.
Managing NCEA assessment practice more effectively
Authors: Fastier Murray 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThe National Certificate of Educational Achievement (NCEA), introduced early this decade, is the national qualification for New Zealand senior secondary school students. Commencing with Level 1 in 2002, the implementation of NCEA represented a marked change from previous norm‐referenced‐based qualifications and required a considerable paradigm shift in teacher assessment practice. During the transition period, learner needs often took second place to assessment in geography classrooms. This paper identifies the practices that Year 11 geography teachers used post NCEA implementation to manage assessment practice more effectively and to address the perceived over‐emphasis on assessment.
Prospective assessment of patient directed outpatient communication from a patient and general practitioner perspective
Authors: Mahadavan L , Bird N J , Chadwick M , Daniels I R 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
Following the NHS Cancer Plan of 2000, patients should automatically be offered copies of correspondence between NHS clinicians. All patients in this centre increasingly receive a copy of correspondence between the hospital clinicians and general practitioners (GPs). However, we challenged this further by providing patients with a letter written directly to them and sending a copy of this correspondence to the GP.

Methods
125 patients were requested to complete a 22 item questionnaire to assess the satisfaction of the clinic letter and appointment between May and June 2007. We sent 234 GPs, who refer patients to the Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, two samples of the new style clinic letters and a 9 item structured questionnaire to assess their satisfaction with these clinic letters.

Results
The study had a 90% response rate from patients and 61% from GPs, respectively. Patients felt the clinic letters accurately reflected their clinic appointment, with 94% of patients either satisfied or highly satisfied with the clinic letters. Overall 75% of patients preferred to receive patient directed letters to receiving a copy of the GP letter. However, only 79% of GPs felt patients should routinely receive a clinic letter.

Conclusions
The majority of patients were satisfied with this new style of clinic letters and expect to receive them in the future. The high satisfaction rates could be attributed to the simple and clear language used in the letters. However, the views of patients have not been reflected by GPs, with 20% of GPs preferring to receive a personally directed letter.
A free weekly iron-folic acid supplementation and regular deworming program is associated with improved hemoglobin and iron status indicators in Vietnamese women
Authors: Casey Gerard J , Phuc Tran Q , MacGregor Lachlan , Montresor Antonio , Mihrshahi Seema , Thach Tran D , Tien Nong T , Biggs Beverley-Ann 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
Anemia due to iron deficiency is recognized as one of the major nutritional deficiencies in women and children in developing countries. Daily iron supplementation for pregnant women is recommended in many countries although there are few reports of these programs working efficiently or effectively. Weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (WIFS) and regular deworming treatment is recommended for non-pregnant women living in areas with high rates of anemia. Following a baseline survey to assess the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and soil transmitted helminth infections, we implemented a program to make WIFS and regular deworming treatment freely and universally available for all women of reproductive age in two districts of a province in northern Vietnam over a 12 month period. The impact of the program at the population level was assessed in terms of: i) change in mean hemoglobin and iron status indicators, and ii) change in the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and hookworm infections.

Method
Distribution of WIFS and deworming were integrated with routine health services and made available to 52,000 women. Demographic data and blood and stool samples were collected in baseline, and three and 12-month post-implementation surveys using a population-based, stratified multi-stage cluster sampling design.

Results
The mean Hb increased by 9.6 g/L (95% CI, 5.7, 13.5, p < 0.001) during the study period. Anemia (Hb<120 g/L) was present in 131/349 (37.5%, 95% CI 31.3, 44.8) subjects at baseline, and in 70/363 (19.3%, 95% CI 14.0, 24.6) after twelve months. Iron deficiency reduced from 75/329 (22.8%, 95% CI 16.9, 28.6) to 33/353 (9.3%, 95% CI 5.7, 13.0) by the 12-mnth survey, and hookworm infection from 279/366 (76.2%,, 95% CI 68.6, 83.8) to 66/287 (23.0%, 95% CI 17.5, 28.5) over the same period.

Conclusion
A free, universal WIFS program with regular deworming was associated with reduced prevalence and severity of anemia, iron deficiency and hookworm infection when made available to Vietnamese women over a 12-month period.
Conditional transgenic mice expressing C-terminally truncated human α-synuclein (αSyn119) exhibit reduced striatal dopamine without loss of nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Daher João Paulo L , Ying Mingyao , Banerjee Rebecca , McDonald Rebecca S , Hahn Myriam Dumas , Yang Lichuan , Flint Beal M , Thomas Bobby , Dawson Valina L , Dawson Ted M , Moore Darren J 
Published: July 2009

Abstract

Background
Missense mutations and multiplications of the α-synuclein gene cause autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease (PD). α-Synuclein protein is also a major component of Lewy bodies, the hallmark pathological inclusions of PD. Therefore, α-synuclein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of familial and sporadic PD. To model α-synuclein-linked disease in vivo, transgenic mouse models have been developed that express wild-type or mutant human α-synuclein from a variety of neuronal-selective heterologous promoter elements. These models exhibit a variety of behavioral and neuropathological features resembling some aspects of PD. However, an important deficiency of these models is the observed lack of robust or progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal degeneration that is characteristic of PD.

Results
We have developed conditional α-synuclein transgenic mice that can express A53T, E46K or C-terminally truncated (1–119) human α-synuclein pathological variants from the endogenous murine ROSA26 promoter in a Cre recombinase-dependent manner. Using these mice, we have evaluated the expression of these α-synuclein variants on the integrity and viability of nigral dopaminergic neurons with age. Expression of A53T α-synuclein or truncated αSyn119 selectively in nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurons for up to 12 months fails to precipitate dopaminergic neuronal loss in these mice. However, αSyn119 expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons for up to 12 months causes a marked reduction in the levels of striatal dopamine and its metabolites together with other subtle neurochemical alterations.

Conclusion
We have developed and evaluated novel conditional α-synuclein transgenic mice with transgene expression directed selectively to nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons as a potential new mouse model of PD. Our data support the pathophysiological relevance of C-terminally truncated α-synuclein species in vivo. The expression of αSyn119 in the mouse nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway may provide a useful model of striatal dopamine depletion and could potentially provide a presymptomatic model of PD perhaps representative of the earliest derangements in dopaminergic neuronal function observed prior to neuronal loss. These conditional α-synuclein transgenic mice provide novel tools for evaluating and dissecting the age-related effects of α-synuclein pathological variants on the function of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway or other specific neuronal populations.
State of the Science and the Intraductal Approach for Breast Cancer: Proceedings Summary of The Sixth International Symposium on the Intraductal Approach To Breast Cancer Santa Monica, California, 19–21 February 2009
Authors: Rochman Susan , Mills Dixie , Kim Julian , Kuerer Henry , Love Susan 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Researchers are using the intraductal approach to advance breast cancer risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Procedures and technologies that can access and interrogate the ductal-alveolar systems include nipple aspiration, ductal lavage and ductoscopy. Ductoscopic papillectomy, ductoscopic margin evaluation, and intraductal therapy are considered promising investigational and innovative treatments. These techniques are used to explore the biology of the normal breast; collect and analyze breast fluid and cells to identify biomarkers that can be used in breast cancer detection and risk assessment; and to identify new ways to find and administer therapeutic and/or preventive agents to the breast tissue. This report summarizes the latest research findings in these areas, presented at The 6th International Symposium on the Intraductal Approach to Breast Cancer in 2009.
Sex steroid metabolism polymorphisms and mammographic density in pre- and early perimenopausal women
Authors: Crandall Carolyn J , Sehl Mary E , Crawford Sybil L , Gold Ellen B , Habel Laurel A , Butler Lesley M , Sowers MaryFran R , Greendale Gail A , Sinsheimer Janet S 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIntroductionWe examined the association between mammographic density and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding CYP1A1, CYP1B1, aromatase, 17β-HSD, ESR1, and ESR2 in pre- and early perimenopausal white, African-American, Chinese, and Japanese women.MethodsThe Study of Women's Health Across the Nation is a longitudinal community-based cohort study. We analyzed data from 451 pre- and early perimenopausal participants of the ancillary SWAN Mammographic Density study for whom we had complete information regarding mammographic density, genotypes, and covariates. With multivariate linear regression, we examined the relation between percentage mammographic breast density (outcome) and each SNP (primary predictor), adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, parity, cigarette smoking, and body mass index (BMI).ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, theCYP1B1rs162555 CC genotype was associated with a 9.4% higher mammographic density than the TC/TT genotype (P= 0.04). TheCYP19A1rs936306 TT genotype was associated with 6.2% lower mammographic density than the TC/CC genotype (P= 0.02). The positive association betweenCYP1A1rs2606345 and mammographic density was significantly stronger among participants with BMI greater than 30 kg/m2than among those with BMI less than 25 kg/m2(Pinteraction= 0.05). Among white participants, theESR1rs2234693 CC genotype was associated with a 7.0% higher mammographic density than the CT/TT genotype (P= 0.01).ConclusionsSNPs in certain genes encoding sex steroid metabolism enzymes and ESRs were associated with mammographic density. Because the encoded enzymes and ESR1 are expressed in breast tissue, these SNPs may influence breast cancer risk by altering mammographic density.
Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B by Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Human Monocytes
Authors: Chandras Christina , Koutmani Yassemi , Kokkotou Efi , Pothoulakis Charalabos , Karalis Katia P. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCorticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) exerts proinflammatory effects in peripheral tissues, whereas the intracellular pathways mediating these effects have not been completely characterized yet. We have previously shown that CRF induces nuclear factor-κB DNA-binding activity in mouse and human leukocytes. Here we demonstrate that in the human monocytic THP-1 cells, CRF activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. These effects of CRF are mediated by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRF2), as suggested by their abolishment after treatment with the specific CRF2 antagonist, astressin 2B. The CRF-mediated PI3K/Akt activation induces cell survival as suggested by the stimulation of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2. ERK1/2 activation results in up-regulation of IL-8 expression, an effect inhibited by the CRF-induced activation of PI3K/Akt. These studies demonstrate novel effects of CRF in human monocytes mediated by the activation of PI3K/Akt. Moreover, they reveal pathway-specific effects of the CRF/CRF2 system in chemokine activation and cell survival that may be of importance for the development of novel therapeutics for inflammatory diseases.
Detection of muconic acid type structures in oxidised lignins using 2D NMR spectroscopy 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Evtuguin Dmitry V. , Rocha Graça , Goodfellow Brian J. 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
The identification of muconic acid type structures (MATS) in oxidised lignins employing 2D NMR spectroscopy was carried out. The primary database for MATS detection by single bond 1H-13C (HSQC) and long-range 1H-1H and 1H-13C correlation (COSY and HMBC) NMR experiments was obtained with a series of model compounds: cis, cis- and trans, trans-muconic acids and their methylated analogues and MATS derived from monomeric lignin model compounds oxidised by ClO2. Additional information was obtained from the study of oxygen-organosolv lignin obtained from spent liquor after the spruce wood delignification with oxygen in an acetone-water solution. This work allowed the reliable assignment of MATS signals in the HSQC spectra of oxidised lignin and provides a methodology for detection and distinguishing of MATS from structurally similar moieties.
Effects of commercial cellobiohydrolase treatment on fiber strength and morphology of bleached hardwood pulp 10th EWLP, Stockholm, Sweden, August 25–28, 2008
Authors: Suchy Miro , Hakala Terhi , Kangas Heli , Kontturi Eero , Tammelin Tekla , Pursula Tiina , Vuorinen Tapani 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Development of fiber strength properties and morphological changes on the surface of bleached hardwood kraft pulp after treatment with commercial cellobiohydrolase (CBH) was evaluated. Tensile and tear indices showed no significant effect of the treatment. The treatment resulted in reduction of wet zero-span strength, while the dry zero-span values increased. The decrease in wet zero-span values was most likely caused by preferential action of CBH on structurally irregular zones in the fiber wall coupled with greater sensitivity of wet zero-span testing towards the localized fiber defects. The fracture zone of the wet zero-span tested samples was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Visual observation revealed differences in fiber fracture between treated and control samples. The straighter and cleaner fractures of the treated sample could be attributed to the localized hydrolytic action of CBH. Visual analysis of the treated fiber surface morphology by SEM showed an increase of more visible fiber wall dislocations, particularly on fibers of smaller diameter. The increased presence of the fiber dislocation correlates with the decrease in the wet zero-span values of treated samples.
A Miniature Falling Weight Device for Non-Intrusive Characterization of Soils in the Centrifuge
Authors: Murillo Carol , Caicedo Bernardo , Thorel Luc 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
Non-intrusive and non-destructive techniques are used for characterizing multilayer soil models in the centrifuge. Based on the spectral analysis surface waves analysis, a miniature falling weight-type (FW) device is developed for centrifuge testing. A description of the mini-FW with application to characterize homogeneous and bilayer models is presented. The mini-FW principle consists of the fall in a steel ball generating vibrations within the centrifuged models. These vibrations are recorded by accelerometers placed on the model’s surface. On condition that the vibrations remain within the first five upper centimeters in order to avoid near-field effects, the results obtained for both wave velocity values and location of the layer interfaces agree satisfactorily with already available data.
Leukippe as Tragedy
Authors: Slater William J. , Cropp Martin 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
This article deals with a mosaic from ancient Zeugma on the Euphrates found in 2002 and recently published with interpretive commentary. Its subject is the story of Theonoe and Leukippe preserved only in Hyginus and nowhere in Greek. Despite this, the authors argue that the myth, in its unique form, can for over one thousand years be connected with romance, mime, pantomime, tragedy and derives ultimately from early Cretan rituals of transvestism. Its immediate inspiration however is imperial pantomime along with the transvestism notorious in that genre, as can be argued from the layout of the mosaic and the iconography of Theonoe, our first clear picture of a pantomime. But the main thrust of the article, especially in appendix B, is to demonstrate that the Hyginus story must now be considered to represent the plot of a lost tragedy, which derived many of its elements from late Euripides, but in its over-enthusiasic use of these represents a post-Euripidean artificially complex plot-type, for which hitherto we had limited evidence.
Epictetus 3. 23. 33 and the three modes of philosophical instruction
Authors: Boter Gerard 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
In Epictetus 3. 23. 33 the original reading of the codex unicus Bodleianus Auct. T. 4. 13, ἐκλεκτικός, is certainly corrupt. All the editions accept the reading ἐλεγκτικός, which is a correction by a later corrector of Bodleianus Auct. T. 4. 13. It is shown that this reading is to be rejected because ἐλεγκτικός is equivalent to the immediately preceding προτρεπτικός and because it leads to unsurmountable discrepancies with the closely related passage 3. 21. 19. As an alternative for ἐλεγκτικός, the emendation ἐπιπληκτικός is proposed: with this reading all problems disappear. The new reading has important consequences for the evaluation of Epictetus’ educational system.