bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild felid diversity and activity patterns in Sabangau peat-swamp forest, Indonesian Borneo
Authors: Cheyne Susan M. , Macdonald David W. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractA study to identify the felid biodiversity of the Sabangau Forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, was initiated in May 2008 and involved continuous sampling until October 2009. A total of 44 cameras in 27 locations were used and 5,777 functional trap nights (of 6,542 survey nights) resulted in confirmed sightings of the Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa, leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis, marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata and flat-headed cat Prionailurus planiceps, representing four of the five wild felids of Borneo. The long-term use of fixed and roving cameras provided insight into the movements, occurrence and activity patterns of these elusive felids within a disturbed peat-swamp forest. In an area of 145 km2 (including buffer) the clouded leopard was the most commonly photographed felid (22 photo-captures of 53 total captures), followed by the leopard cat (21), flat-headed cat (7) and marbled cat (3). A total of 231 camera-trap nights were required to obtain the first photograph of a felid, the leopard cat, 704 for the clouded leopard, 3,498 for the flat-headed cat, and 5,423 (476 calendar days) for the marbled cat. A female clouded leopard was not photographed until 5,764 trap nights. This highlights the importance of long-term camera-trapping studies to maximize capture probability of these elusive felids and especially to account for potential differences in home range size and use by clouded leopard males and females.
Field surveys for the Endangered pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis in Sapo National Park, Liberia
Authors: Collen Ben , Howard Robert , Konie John , Daniel Olivia , Rist Janna 
Published: February 2011

AbstractConservation of a threatened species is reliant upon good quality monitoring information to provide population estimates and trends to inform management practices. Surveying to establish such data can be costly and difficult, particularly for cryptic species in forest habitats. We therefore used remotely triggered cameras to survey for the presence of the pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis in Sapo National Park in Liberia. In 1,247 trap days we obtained seven camera-trap photographs, the first photographic records of the species in Liberia. Habitat destruction, principally from illegal gold mining, is the greatest threat to the persistence of the pygmy hippopotamus within the Park. A range-wide survey of the pygmy hippopotamus is required to establish a robust baseline from which future conservation efforts can be developed. Understanding how this species is able to cope with the effects of habitat fragmentation across its range, and controlling commercial hunting, will dictate how it is able to survive the ongoing pressures of land conversion in West Africa.
First detection ofBabesia occultansinHyalommaticks from Tunisia
Authors: ROS-GARCÍA A. , M'GHIRBI Y. , BOUATTOUR A. , HURTADO A. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYDescriptions ofBabesia occultanshave previously been restricted to sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we report the finding, for the first time, of this low or non-pathogenic bovineBabesiaspecies in Tunisia, northern Africa.B. occultansDNA was detected by molecular methods inHyalomma marginatumunfed ticks collected in 3 bioclimatic regions of Tunisia. The near-full-length 18S rRNA gene was sequenced and compared with related sequences retrieved from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that other sequences deposited asBabesiasp. could also correspond toB. occultans, suggesting that this species may have a wide distribution in Mediterranean and Asiatic regions, and not only in sub-Saharan Africa as previously described. AB. occultans-specific Reverse Line Blot (RLB) oligonucleotide probe was designed for future epidemiological studies that would help to clarify this possibility.
Emotional face processing and flat affect in schizophrenia: functional and structural neural correlates
Authors: Lepage M. , Sergerie K. , Benoit A. , Czechowska Y. , Dickie E. , Armony J. L. 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundThere is a general consensus in the literature that schizophrenia causes difficulties with facial emotion perception and discrimination. Functional brain imaging studies have observed reduced limbic activity during facial emotion perception but few studies have examined the relation to flat affect severity.MethodA total of 26 people with schizophrenia and 26 healthy controls took part in this event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Sad, happy and neutral faces were presented in a pseudo-random order and participants indicated the gender of the face presented. Manual segmentation of the amygdala was performed on a structural T1 image.ResultsBoth the schizophrenia group and the healthy control group rated the emotional valence of facial expressions similarly. Both groups exhibited increased brain activity during the perception of emotional faces relative to neutral ones in multiple brain regions, including multiple prefrontal regions bilaterally, the right amygdala, right cingulate cortex and cuneus. Group comparisons, however, revealed increased activity in the healthy group in the anterior cingulate, right parahippocampal gyrus and multiple visual areas. In schizophrenia, the severity of flat affect correlated significantly with neural activity in several brain areas including the amygdala and parahippocampal region bilaterally.ConclusionsThese results suggest that many of the brain regions involved in emotional face perception, including the amygdala, are equally recruited in both schizophrenia and controls, but flat affect can also moderate activity in some other brain regions, notably in the left amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus bilaterally. There were no significant group differences in the volume of the amygdala.
Interaction effects of subjective memory impairment and ApoE4 genotype on episodic memory and hippocampal volume
Authors: Striepens N. , Scheef L. , Wind A. , Meiberth D. , Popp J. , Spottke A. , Kölsch H. , Wagner M. , Jessen F. 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundThe apolipoprotein E4 allele (ApoE4) is an established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, its effects on cognitive performance and brain structure in healthy individuals are complex. We investigated the effect of ApoE4 on cognitive performance and medial temporal lobe volumetric measures in cognitively unimpaired young elderly with and without subjective memory impairment (SMI), which is an at-risk condition for dementia.MethodAltogether, 40 individuals with SMI and 62 without were tested on episodic memory and on tasks of speed and executive function. All participants were ApoE genotyped. 21 subjects with SMI and 47 without received additional structural magnetic resonance imaging. Volumetric measures of the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex and the amygdala were obtained manually.ResultsIn the SMI group, ApoE4 carriers performed worse on the episodic memory (p=0.049) and showed smaller left hippocampal volumes (p=0.030). In the individuals without SMI, the ApoE4 carriers performed better on episodic memory (p=0.018) and had larger right hippocampal volumes (p=0.039). The interaction of group (SMI/no SMI) and ApoE genotype was significant for episodic memory (p=0.005) and right and left hippocampal volumes (p=0.042;p=0.035). There were no within-group differences or interaction effects on speed and executive function composite measures or other volumetric measures.ConclusionsThe negative effect of ApoE4 on episodic memory and hippocampal volume in SMI supports SMI as a prodromal condition of AD. The positive effects of ApoE4 in subjects without SMI adds to a number of reports on positive ApoE4 effects in young and very old individuals.
Haemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose and future risk of elevated depressive symptoms over 2 years of follow-up in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Hamer M. , Batty G. D. , Kivimaki M. 
Published: February 2011

BackgroundThe cross-sectional association between impaired glucose/diabetes and depression is inconsistent. We examined the longitudinal associations between diabetes, indicators of glucose metabolism and depressive symptoms over 2 years of follow-up.MethodParticipants were 4338 men and women from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a prospective study of community-dwelling older adults [aged 62.9 (s.d.=9.0) years, 45.2% men]. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up using the eight-item Centre of Epidemiological Studies – Depression (CES-D) scale. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, fasting glucose and other biological and behavioural risk factors were also assessed at baseline.ResultsApproximately 11.5% of the sample were categorized with elevated depressive symptoms at follow-up (a score ⩾4 on the CES-D). There was an association between HbA1c and depressive symptoms at follow-up [per unit increase, odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.33] after adjustment for age and baseline CES-D. Cross-sectionally, the probability of depressive symptoms increased with increasing HbA1c levels until the value of 8.0% after which there was a plateau [p(curve)=0.03]. Compared with those with normal fasting glucose, participants with diabetes (confirmed through self-report or elevated fasting blood glucose) at baseline had an elevated risk of depressive symptoms at follow-up (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01–2.30) after adjusting for depressive symptoms at baseline, behavioural and sociodemographic variables, adiposity and inflammation.ConclusionsThese data suggest that poor glucose metabolism and diabetes are risk factors for future depression in older adults. There was no evidence of a U-shaped association.
Interventions Targeting Attention in Young Children With Autism
Authors: Patten Elena , Watson Linda R. 
Published: February 2011

Purpose
The ability to focus and sustain one’s attention is critical for learning. Children with autism demonstrate unusual characteristics of attention from infancy. It is reasonable to assume that early anomalies in attention influence a child’s developmental trajectories. Therapeutic interventions for autism often focus on core features of autism such as communication and socialization, while very few interventions specifically address attention. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians a description of attention characteristics in children with autism and discuss interventions thought to improve attention.

Method
Characteristics of attention in children with autism are presented. Intervention studies featuring measures of attention as an outcome variable for young children with autism are reviewed to present interventions that have empirical evidence for improvements in attention. Results are synthesized by strategy, specific feature of attention targeted, and results for both habilitative goals and accommodations for attention.

Conclusion
Although research is not extensive, several strategies to support attention in young children with autism have been investigated. The empirical findings regarding these strategies can inform evidence-based practice.
Script Training Treatment for Adults With Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Youmans Gina , Youmans Scott R. , Hancock Adrienne B. 
Published: February 2011

Purpose
Outcomes of script training for individuals with apraxia of speech (AOS) and mild anomic aphasia were investigated. Script training is a functional treatment that has been successful for individuals with aphasia but has not been applied to individuals with AOS. Principles of motor learning were incorporated into training to promote long-term retention of scripts.

Method
Three individuals with AOS completed script training. A multiple-baseline, across-behaviors design examined acquisition of client-selected scripts. Errors and speaking rates were also analyzed. Random practice and delayed feedback were incorporated into training to promote motor learning. Probes for long-term retention were elicited up to 6 months after treatment.

Results
All clients successfully acquired their scripts, and probes demonstrated script retention 6 months after treatment. Errors generally decreased but remained variable even during maintenance and retention probes. Speaking rate increased for 2 clients but also remained variable.

Conclusions
Script training was successful and functional for clients with AOS. Clients reported increased confidence, speaking ease, and speech naturalness. Although scripts did not become errorless, clients retained their scripts and reported using them frequently. Whether principles of motor learning may have promoted the long-term retention of scripts exhibited by participants must be determined through future research.
Establishing Validity of the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V)
Authors: Zraick Richard I. , Kempster Gail B. , Connor Nadine P. , Thibeault Susan , Klaben Bernice K. , Bursac Zoran , Thrush Carol R. , Glaze Leslie E. 
Published: February 2011

Purpose
The Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) was developed to provide a protocol and form for clinicians to use when assessing the voice quality of adults with voice disorders (Kempster, Gerratt, Verdolini Abbott, Barkmeier-Kramer, & Hillman, 2009). This study examined the reliability and the empirical validity of the CAPE-V when used by experienced voice clinicians judging normal and disordered voices.

Method
The validity of the CAPE-V was examined in 2 ways. First, we compared judgments made by 21 raters of 22 normal and 37 disordered voices using the CAPE-V and the GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain; see Hirano, 1981) scales. Second, we compared our raters' judgments of overall severity to a priori consensus judgments of severity for the 59 voices.

Results
Intrarater reliability coefficients for the CAPE-V ranged from .82 for breathiness to .35 for strain; interrater reliability ranged from .76 for overall severity to .28 for pitch.

Conclusions
Although both CAPE-V and GRBAS reliability coefficients varied across raters and parameters, this study reports slightly improved rater reliability using the CAPE-V to make perceptual judgments of voice quality in comparison to the GRBAS scale. The results provide evidence for the empirical (concurrent) validity of the CAPE-V.
Clinical and Research Perspectives on Nonspeech Oral Motor Treatments and Evidence-Based Practice
Authors: Muttiah Nimisha , Georges Katie , Brackenbury Tim 
Published: February 2011

Purpose
Evidence-based practice (EBP) involves the incorporation of research evidence, clinical expertise, and client values in clinical decision making. One case in which these factors conflict is the use of nonspeech oral motor treatments (NSOMTs) for children with developmental speech sound disorders. Critical reviews of the research evidence suggest that NSOMTs are not valid, yet they are widely used by clinicians based on their expertise/experience. This investigation presents detailed descriptions of clinicians' and researchers' views and opinions on NSOMTs and EBP.

Method
Individual interviews with 11 clinicians who use NSOMTs and 11 researchers in child phonology were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and organized into themes, following a phenomenological research design.

Results
Five themes were identified: (a) NSOMTs are effective, (b) EBP is useful, (c) there is no published research supporting NSOMTs, (d) research evidence may change clinical use of NSOMTs, and (e) researchers and clinicians have separate but shared roles in clinical decision making.

Conclusions
The participants' responses provided detailed and complex insights into each group’s decisions regarding NSOMTs. These responses also suggested questions that should be considered when making decisions about approaches that are not fully supported by EBP.
The electromagnetic response of different metamaterial structures
Authors: Vu Dinh Lam , Pham Van Tuong , Do Thanh Viet , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Vu Tran Thanh Thuy , Le Van Hong , Lee Young Pak 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
This report investigates systematically the effect of structural parameters on the left-handed behavior of a combined structure. The combined structure consists of a ‘cut-wire pair’, providing a negative magnetic permeability μ<0, and a ‘continuous wire’, yielding a negative electric permittivity ε<0. The left-handed metamaterials were designed, fabricated and measured in the microwave-frequency regime. It was found that the width of the continuous wire as well as the distance between the substructures play an important role in determining whether negative refractive properties (in other words, left-handed behavior) are obtained or not. Additionally, we studied the influence of the lattice constant on the electromagnetic response of the combined structure. The actual measurements are compared with numerical simulation values to show good coincidence. Finally, we designed and simulated an electromagnetic absorber made of metamaterials. It is expected that this work will allow us to optimize appropriate characteristic parameters even without avoiding trial and error fabrications.
Broad-scale climate influences on cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment on Georges Bank
Authors: Gröger Joachim P. , Fogarty Michael J. 
Published: February 2011

AbstractGröger, J. P., and Fogarty, M. J. 2011. Broad-scale climate influences on cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment on Georges Bank. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: . Climatic influences on Georges Bank cod recruitment were investigated using the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) as an index of atmospheric variability and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) as an index of sea surface temperature. A quantitative approach based on a simple Cushing-type stock–recruitment model was developed and extended to include climate influences using the technique of generalized transfer functions (ARIMAX modelling). This allowed the autoregressive nature of the interacting exogenous and endogenous processes to be taken into account. Based on two information criteria, the resulting best transfer function contains winter NAO with a lag of 3 years, annual AMO with a lag of 1 year (both as exogenous climate factors), loge(spawning-stock biomass) as a structural model component, plus two autoregressive parameters. The model is characterized by the smallest information criteria, 92% of explained recruitment variation (vs. 55% from the simple Cushing-type model), excellent forecasting behaviour, and all model assumptions being fulfilled. It is proposed that the model's recruitment hindcasts (ex post forecasts) and forecasts be incorporated into stock and risk assessments as well as management strategy evaluations, either as a climate-induced recruitment index for projections or as real forecasts to establish sustainable cod fisheries on Georges Bank conditioned by climate as a forcing factor.
A pilot study on subject‐based comprehensive steroid profiling: novel biomarkers to detect testosterone misuse in sports
Authors: Van Renterghem Pieter , Van Eenoo Peter , Sottas Pierre‐Edouard , Saugy Martial , Delbeke Frans 
Published: February 2011

AbstractContext  Until now, the testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio is the main marker for the detection of testosterone (T) misuse in athletes. As this marker can be influenced by a number of confounding factors, additional steroid profile parameters indicating T misuse can provide substantiating evidence of doping with endogenous steroids. The evaluation of a steroid profile is currently based upon population statistics. As large inter‐individual variations exist, a paradigm shift towards subject‐based references is ongoing in doping analysis.Objective  Proposition of new biomarkers for the detection of testosterone in sports using extensive steroid profiling and an adaptive model based upon Bayesian inference.Subjects  Six healthy male volunteers were administered with testosterone undecanoate. Population statistics were performed upon steroid profiles from 2014 male Caucasian athletes participating in official sport competition.Design  An extended search for new biomarkers in a comprehensive steroid profile combined with Bayesian inference techniques as used in the athlete biological passport resulted in a selection of additional biomarkers that may improve detection of testosterone misuse in sports.Results  Apart from T/E, 4 other steroid ratios (6α‐OH‐androstenedione/16α‐OH‐dehydroepiandrostenedione, 4‐OH‐androstenedione/16α‐OH‐androstenedione, 7α‐OH‐testosterone/7β‐OH‐dehydro‐epiandrostenedione and dihydrotestosterone/5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol) were identified as sensitive urinary biomarkers for T misuse. These new biomarkers were rated according to relative response, parameter stability, detection time and discriminative power.Conclusion  Newly selected biomarkers were found suitable for individual referencing within the concept of the Athlete’s Biological Passport. The parameters showed improved detection time and discriminative power compared to the T/E ratio. Such biomarkers can support the evidence of doping with small oral doses of testosterone.
AN INVESTIGATION OF POLYMORPHISM IN THE INTERLEUKIN‐10 GENE PROMOTER
Authors: Turner D. M. , Williams D. M. , Sankaran D. , Lazarus M. , Sinnott P. J. , Hutchinson I. V. 
Published: February 2011

SUMMARYInterleukin‐10 (IL‐10) has been described as an anti‐inflammatory cytokine and B‐cell proliferation factor and has been implicated in autoimmunity, tumorigenesis and transplantation tolerance. We have identified three single base pair substitutions in the IL‐10 gene promoter and have investigated whether this polymorphism correlates with IL‐10 protein production in vitro.
Rehydration characteristics of freeze‐dried strawberry pieces as affected by whey protein edible coatings
Authors: Huang Lue‐lue , Zhang Min , Yan Wei‐qiang , Mujumdar Arun S. , Sun Dong‐feng 
Published: February 2011

SummaryThis paper is about the use of whey protein isolate (WPI) edible coatings to improve the rehydration behaviour of freeze‐dried (FD) strawberry pieces. First, the optimal ratio sample mass/volume of coating solution was optimised by determining the rehydration ratio, bulk density and nutritional quality of the samples. Coating time is also determined in coated samples by light microscopy. Second, the effect of changing the pH and the variation in temperature–time to denaturate WPI on rehydration characteristics was also evaluated. The rehydration ratio of strawberry pieces decreased with increasing the denaturation temperature and denaturation time, while it increased with increasing pH of the coating solution. Third, according to the rehydration curves, coating was not a single layer but small pieces attached to strawberry pieces. The soluble protein contents in water after rehydration confirm this conclusion.