bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chaffee Benjamin W. , King Janet C. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPoor maternal zinc status has been associated with foetal loss, congenital malformations, intra‐uterine growth retardation, reduced birth weight, prolonged labour and preterm or post‐term deliveries. A meta‐analysis completed in 2007 showed that maternal zinc supplementation resulted in a small but significant reduction in preterm birth. The purposes of this analysis are to update that previous review and expand the scope of assessment to include maternal, infant and child health outcomes. Electronic searches were carried out to identify peer‐reviewed, randomised controlled trials where daily zinc supplementation was given for at least one trimester of pregnancy. The co‐authors applied the study selection criteria, assessed trial quality and abstracted data. A total of 20 independent intervention trials involving more than 11 000 births were identified. The 20 trials took place across five continents between 1977 and 2008. Most studies assessed the zinc effect against a background of other micronutrient supplements, but five were placebo‐controlled trials of zinc alone. The provided dose of supplemental zinc ranged from 5 to 50 mg/day. Only the risk of preterm birth reached statistical significance (summary relative risk 0.86 [95% confidence interval 0.75, 0.99]). There was no evidence that supplemental zinc affected any parameter of foetal growth (risk of low birth weight, birth weight, length at birth or head circumference at birth). Six of the 20 trials were graded as high quality. The evidence that maternal zinc supplementation lowers the risk of preterm birth was graded low; evidence for a positive effect on other foetal outcomes was graded as very low. The effect of zinc supplementation on preterm birth, if causal, might reflect a reduction in maternal infection, a primary cause of prematurity. While further study would be needed to explore this possibility in detail, the overall public health benefit of zinc supplementation in pregnancy appears limited.
Routine Iron/Folate Supplementation during Pregnancy: Effect on Maternal Anaemia and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Imdad Aamer , Bhutta Zulfiqar A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency globally. Children and women of reproductive age are at a particular risk of iron deficiency. Anaemia during pregnancy is a specific risk factor for adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The objective of this review was to assess the impact of routine iron supplementation on maternal anaemia and perinatal outcomes. A literature search was conducted for published randomised and quasi‐randomised trials on PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Only those studies were included in the review that assessed the preventive effect of iron supplementation during pregnancy. Data from selected studies were double abstracted in a standardised excel sheet. The studies were graded according to study design, limitations, intervention specifics and outcome effects. Meta‐analyses were conducted where data were available from more than one study for an outcome. After screening 5209 titles, 30 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. Daily iron supplementation resulted in 69% reduction in incidence of anaemia at term in the intervention group compared with control [relative risk (RR) 0.31 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22, 0.44]] and 66% reduction in iron deficiency anaemia at term (RR 0.44 [95% CI 0.28, 0.68]; random model) compared with no intervention/placebo. The quality grade for these outcomes was that of ‘moderate’ level. Routine daily iron supplementation during pregnancy resulted in a significant reduction of 20% in incidence of low birthweight in the intervention group compared with control (RR 0.80 [95% CI 0.71, 0.90]). Preventive iron supplementation during pregnancy has a significant benefit in reducing incidence of anaemia in mothers and low birthweight in neonates.
Allergy to deamidated gluten in patients tolerant to wheat: specific epitopes linked to deamidation
Authors: Denery‐Papini S. , Bodinier M. , Larré C. , Brossard C. , Pineau F. , Triballeau S. , Pietri M. , Battais F. , Mothes T. , Paty E. , Moneret‐Vautrin D.‐A. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundGluten proteins can be modified by deamidation to enhance their solubility and technological applications. However, severe allergic reactions have been reported after the consumption of food products containing deamidated gluten (DG) in subjects tolerant to wheat. This work aimed to characterize allergen profiles for these patients in comparison with those of patients allergic to wheat and to identify IgE‐binding epitopes.MethodsSera were obtained from 15 patients allergic to DG and from nine patients allergic to wheat proteins (WP). IgE‐binding profiles were characterized both in ELISA and in a humanized rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cell model. Epitopes were mapped on γ‐ and ω2‐gliadin sequences by Pepscan, and effect of glutamine/glutamic acid substitutions was studied.ResultsCompared to the heterogeneous pattern of allergens detected by IgE from patients allergic to WP, responses of patients allergic to DG were homogeneous. In ELISA, all the sera displayed IgE binding to deamidated γ‐ and ω2‐gliadins and deamidated total gliadins, frequently with high concentrations. These modified proteins induced RBL degranulation with most of the sera from DG‐allergic patients. A consensus epitope was found on native γ‐ and ω2‐gliadins (QPQQPFPQ); it was repeated several times in their sequences. The substitution of two or three glutamines of this epitope into glutamic acid at positions Q3 or Q4 and Q8 (QPEEPFPE) increased its recognition the best.ConclusionAllergy to DG is a separate entity from wheat allergy. It can be evidenced by strong IgE binding to deamidated gliadins or peptides of the type QPEEPFPE.
RSV prevention and treatment in pediatric lung transplant patients: A survey of current practices among the International Pediatric Lung Transplant Collaborative
Authors: Danziger‐Isakov Lara A. , Arslan Defne , Sweet Stuart , Benden Christian , Goldfarb Samuel , Wong Jackson 
Published: June 2012

Danziger‐Isakov LA, Arslan D, Sweet S, Benden C, Goldfarb S, Wong J. RSV prevention and treatment in pediatric lung transplant patients: A survey of current practices among the International Pediatric Lung Transplant Collaborative.Abstract:  RSV infection can be severe after pediatric lung transplantation. Strategies to prevent and treat RSV in this population are underreported. To assess the current practices, we surveyed the members of the IPLTC regarding RSV prevention and treatment strategies. Twenty‐eight programs were surveyed; 18 (64.3%) responded at least partially. A median of 53 transplants (range, 8–355) occurred since inception. RSV testing occurs in asymptomatic (6/17) and symptomatic (17/17) patients. Diagnostic method is polymerase chain reaction at 13 sites and DFA at 8. Transplant candidates were received prophylaxis at 10 sites, with nine following national (5) or local (4) guidelines. All use palivizumab IM and/or IV. Recipients were received prophylaxis with palivizumab at eight centers (eight IM, one IV). Fourteen were treated for RSV (seven all patients; seven age‐related). Medications include inhaled (6), oral (4), or IV (4) ribavirin, plus IVIG (9), steroids (8), and IV (2) or IM (3) palivizumab. Prevention and treatment barriers include insurance/hospital concerns, such as institutional reluctance to use inhaled ribavirin. RSV prevention and treatment strategies are diverse at pediatric lung transplant programs. Many centers offer prophylaxis (9/17) and treatments (14/17), but strategies are not uniform.
The psychosocial challenges of solid organ transplant recipients during childhood
Authors: Annunziato Rachel A. , Jerson Bradley , Seidel Jordan , Glenwick David S. 
Published: June 2012

Annunziato RA, Jerson B, Seidel J, Glenwick DS. The psychosocial challenges of solid organ transplant recipients during childhood.Abstract:  A large proportion of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients are young children, yet dedicated studies on the challenges faced by these patients are sparse. The present article aims to provide a summary of key considerations for pediatric solid organ transplant teams, describing what challenges are more likely for younger patients and how they might identify and address these circumstances. Our findings suggest that the mental health of patients and caregivers, issues at school, neurocognitive difficulties, and self‐management are areas of particular relevance for children. We offer several recommendations that stem from these identified areas of concern. Dedicated focus on the well‐being of younger patients could in the long‐term stave off adverse events that are often associated with adolescence. In the short‐term, certainly intervening in any of these domains could lead to improved quality of life during childhood.
Long‐term follow‐up of children treated with daclizumab for steroid‐refractory gastrointestinal GvHD in a prospective study
Authors: Hamidieh Amir Ali , Hadjibabaie Molouk , Ghehi Maryam Taghizadeh , Jalili Mahdi , Hosseini Ashrafsadat , Pasha Farahnaz , Behfar Maryam , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir 
Published: June 2012

Hamidieh AA, Hadjibabaie M, Taghizadeh Ghehi M, Jalili M, Hosseini A, Pasha F, Behfar M, Ghavamzadeh A. Long‐term follow‐up of children treated with daclizumab for steroid‐refractory GI GvHD in a prospective study.Abstract:  Daclizumab, a humanized MoAB to IL‐2Ra, has been found to be safe and effective in adults with refractory GvHD; however, data in children are limited. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the long‐term safety and efficacy of daclizumab in children with steroid‐refractory GI aGvHD. This study included 13 children who developed steroid‐refractory GI GvHD between 2007 and 2009. When first‐line treatment failed, daclizumab was given in a regimen of 1 mg/kg intravenously and then repeated on a 10‐ to 14‐day interval for maximum five doses if necessary. Daclizumab was well tolerated, but infections were common. Ten patients responded to daclizumab completely, one patient responded partially, and two patients failed to respond. With a median follow‐up of 630 days, 10 patients were alive and free of severe infections, but among them, four patients were suffering from cGvHD. Of the three remaining patients, one died because of bacterial meningitis, and the other two patients died because of severe refractory GI GvHD. This long‐term evaluation showed that daclizumab could be an effective and relatively safe treatment in most of the pediatric patients with severe steroid‐refractory GI GvHD.
Patient burden and patient preference: Comparing magnetic resonance enteroclysis, capsule endoscopy and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy
Authors: Wiarda Bart M , Stolk Mark , Heine Dimitri GN , Mensink Peter , Thieme Mai E , Kuipers Ernst J , Stoker Jaap 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackground and Aim:  We aimed to prospectively determine patient burden and patient preference for magnetic resonance enteroclysis, capsule endoscopy and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy in patients with suspected or known Crohn's disease (CD) or occult gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB).Methods:  Consecutive consenting patients with CD or OGIB underwent magnetic resonance enteroclysis, capsule endoscopy and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy. Capsule endoscopy was only performed if magnetic resonance enteroclysis showed no high‐grade small bowel stenosis. Patient preference and burden was evaluated by means of standardized questionnaires at five moments in time.Results:  From January 2007 until March 2009, 76 patients were included (M/F 31/45; mean age 46.9 years; range 20.0–78.4 years): 38 patients with OGIB and 38 with suspected or known CD. Seventeen patients did not undergo capsule endoscopy because of high‐grade stenosis. Ninety‐five percent (344/363) of the questionnaires were suitable for evaluation. Capsule endoscopy was significantly favored over magnetic resonance enteroclysis and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy with respect to bowel preparation, swallowing of the capsule (compared to insertion of the tube/scope), burden of the entire examination, duration and accordance with the pre‐study information. Capsule endoscopy and magnetic resonance enteroclysis were significantly preferred over balloon‐assisted enteroscopy for clarity of explanation of the examination, and magnetic resonance enteroclysis was significantly preferred over balloon‐assisted enteroscopy for bowel preparation, painfulness and burden of the entire examination. Balloon‐assisted enteroscopy was significantly favored over magnetic resonance enteroclysis for insertion of the scope and procedure duration. Pre‐ and post‐study the order of preference was capsule endoscopy, magnetic resonance enteroclysis and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy.Conclusion:  Capsule endoscopy was preferred to magnetic resonance enteroclysis and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy; it also had the lowest burden. Magnetic resonance enteroclysis was preferred over balloon‐assisted enteroscopy for clarity of explanation of the examination, bowel preparation, painfulness and burden of the entire examination, and balloon‐assisted enteroscopy over magnetic resonance enteroclysis for scope insertion and study duration.
Accumulation of circulating advanced oxidation protein products is an independent risk factor for ischaemic heart disease in maintenance haemodialysis patients
Authors: ZHOU QIUGEN , WU SHENGJIE , JIANG JIANPING , TIAN JIANWEI , CHEN JIANGHUA , YU XUEQING , CHEN PINGYAN , MEI CHANGLIN , XIONG FEI , SHI WEI , ZHOU WEI , LIU XUSHENG , SUN SHIREN , XIE DI , LIU JUN , XU XIN , LIANG MIN , HOU FANFAN 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACT:Aim:  Whether the burden of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) accumulation, a marker of oxidative stress, is affected by dialysis modality remains unclear. We compared the serum levels of AOPP in patients on haemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and tested the hypothesis that an accumulation of AOPP was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.Methods:  This was a cross‐section study. A total of 2095 patients (1539 HD, 556 CAPD) were recruited from the nine largest dialysis centres in China. Persons in medical centres for disease screening were selected as controls. Patients maintained on HD were dialyzed twice or thrice weekly. CAPD patients used lactate‐buffered, glucose‐containing solutions. The patients' data were abstracted from the medical record. The serum levels of AOPP were determined by spectrophotometric detection.Results:  The levels of AOPP were significantly elevated in both HD and CAPD patients compared to healthy controls. Accumulation of AOPP was more significant in HD compared to CAPD population. Meanwhile, AOPP accumulation was associated with the presence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) only in HD, but not CAPD patients. A higher proportion of IHD was found in the HD population among those with higher levels of AOPP in each category of age and irrespective of the presence or absence of high triglyceride. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that accumulation of AOPP was an independent risk factor for IHD in HD population.Conclusion:  Accumulation of AOPP was more significant in HD compared to CAPD patients. The level of AOPP was independently associated with IHD only in HD patients.
Heparanase expression and glycosaminoglycans profile in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Batista Lucas Teixeira e Aguiar , Matos Leandro Luongo , Machado Leopoldo Ruiz , Suarez Eloah Rabello , Theodoro Thérèse Rachell , Martins João Roberto Maciel , Nader Helena Bonciani , Pompeo Antonio Carlos Lima , Pinhal Maria Aparecida da Silva 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of renal cell carcinogenesis could contribute to a decrease in the mortality rate of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the glycosaminoglycans profile and heparanase expression in renal cell carcinoma. The study included 24 patients submitted to nephrectomy with confirmed pathological diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. The majority of the samples (87.5%) were classified in the initial stage of renal cell carcinoma (clinical stages I and II). Heparanase messenger ribonucleic acid expression was evaluated by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and sulfated glycosaminoglycans were identified and quantified by agarose gel electrophoresis of renal cell carcinoma samples or non‐neoplastic tissues obtained from the same patients (control group). The sulfated glycosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid were analyzed in urine samples of the patients before and after surgery. The data showed a significant statistical increase in chondroitin sulfate, and a decrease in heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate present in neoplastic tissues compared with non‐neoplastic tissues. Higher heparanase messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the neoplastic tissues was also shown, compared with the non‐neoplastic tissues. The urine glycosaminoglycans profile showed no significant difference between renal cell carcinoma and control samples. Extracellular matrix changes observed in the present study clarify that heparanase is possibly involved with heparan sulfate turnover, and that heparanase and the glycosaminoglycans can modulate initial events of renal cell carcinoma development.
Multiaxial fatigue behaviour of A356‐T6
Authors: ROY M. , NADOT Y. , MAIJER D. M. , BENOIT G. 
Published: June 2012

ABSTRACTAluminum alloy A356‐T6 was subjected to fully reversed cyclic loading under tension, torsion and combined loading. Results indicate that endurance limits are governed by maximum principal stress. Fractography demonstrates long shear mode III propagation with multiple initiation sites under torsion. Under other loadings, fracture surfaces show unique initiation sites coincidental to defects and mode I crack propagation. Using the replica technique, it has been shown that the initiation life is negligible for fatigue lives close to 106 cycles for combined loading. The natural crack growth rate has also been shown to be comparable to long cracks in similar materials.
Latitudinal species diversity gradient of marine zooplankton for the last three million years
Authors: Yasuhara Moriaki , Hunt Gene , Dowsett Harry J. , Robinson Marci M. , Stoll Danielle K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractHigh tropical and low polar biodiversity is one of the most fundamental patterns characterising marine ecosystems, and the influence of temperature on such marine latitudinal diversity gradients is increasingly well documented. However, the temporal stability of quantitative relationships among diversity, latitude and temperature is largely unknown. Herein we document marine zooplankton species diversity patterns at four time slices [modern, Last Glacial Maximum (18 000 years ago), last interglacial (120 000 years ago), and Pliocene (~3.3–3.0 million years ago)] and show that, although the diversity‐latitude relationship has been dynamic, diversity‐temperature relationships are remarkably constant over the past three million years. These results suggest that species diversity is rapidly reorganised as species' ranges respond to temperature change on ecological time scales, and that the ecological impact of future human‐induced temperature change may be partly predictable from fossil and paleoclimatological records.
Anaerobic methane oxidation in metalliferous hydrothermal sediments: influence on carbon flux and decoupling from sulfate reduction
Authors: Wankel Scott D. , Adams Melissa M. , Johnston David T. , Hansel Colleen M. , Joye Samantha B. , Girguis Peter R. 
Published: June 2012

SummaryThe anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a globally significant sink that regulates methane flux from sediments into the oceans and atmosphere. Here we examine mesophilic to thermophilic AOM in hydrothermal sediments recovered from the Middle Valley vent field, on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Using continuous‐flow sediment bioreactors and batch incubations, we characterized (i) the degree to which AOM contributes to net dissolved inorganic carbon flux, (ii) AOM and sulfate reduction (SR) rates as a function of temperature and (iii) the distribution and density of known anaerobic methanotrophs (ANMEs). In sediment bioreactors, inorganic carbon stable isotope mass balances results indicated that AOM accounted for between 16% and 86% of the inorganic carbon produced, underscoring the role of AOM in governing inorganic carbon flux from these sediments. At 90°C, AOM occurred in the absence of SR, demonstrating a striking decoupling of AOM from SR. An abundance of Fe(III)‐bearing minerals resembling mixed valent Fe oxides, such as green rust, suggests the potential for a coupling of AOM to Fe(III) reduction in these metalliferous sediments. While SR bacteria were only observed in cooler temperature sediments, ANMEs allied to ANME‐1 ribotypes, including a putative ANME‐1c group, were found across all temperature regimes and represented a substantial proportion of the archaeal community. In concert, these results extend and reshape our understanding of the nature of high temperature methane biogeochemistry, providing insight into the physiology and ecology of thermophilic anaerobic methanotrophy and suggesting that AOM may play a central role in regulating biological dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes to the deep ocean from the organic‐poor, metalliferous sediments of the global mid‐ocean ridge hydrothermal vent system.
Mass Migration and the Mass Society: Fordism, Immigration Policy and the Post‐war Long Boom in Canada and Australia, 1947–1970
Authors: WALSH JAMES 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe immediate post‐war period was defined by shifts in capitalism's socioeconomic and institutional underpinnings. Commonly known as Fordism, until the early‐1970s models of standardized industrial mass‐production and robust state planning and intervention were relatively successful in maintaining secular growth in employment, productivity and demand as well as establishing the national economy and society as unified, governable fields. This paper considers how migration controls in Canada and Australia enhanced and extended such arrangements. In simultaneously boosting production and demand, diversifying and integrating industrial activities and assimilating European migrants into a mass consumer culture while excluding non‐Europeans perceived as disruptive of material and sociocultural homogeneity, such policies provided central vectors of economic and cultural nationalism that complemented other monopolistic and redistributive interventions.
The History of the Social Constructions of Dönmes (Converts)*
Authors: NEFES TÜRKAY S. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis paper investigates the history of social constructions, principally conspiracy theories, about a crypto‐Jewish group, the Dönmes, in Turkey. It considers the socio‐political reasons for the conspiracy theories and their significance by analysing their contents in different periods. The findings suggest that the fluid identity of Dönmes makes them stranger figures, in a sociological sense, creates public mistrust and encourages conspiratorial explanations. Moreover, the study shows that the conspiracy theories surrounding Dönmes are also fed by the ontological insecurities of Turkish politics, and that conspiracy theories tend to have appeal for alienated groups during major social transformations.