bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and expression analysis of recombinant proteins in plant‐derived complex mixtures using nanoUPLC‐MSE
Authors: Murad André M. , Souza Gustavo H. M. F. , Garcia Jerusa S. , Rech Elíbio L. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe use of mass spectrometry to identify recombinant proteins that are expressed in total soluble proteins (TSPs) from plant extracts is necessary to accelerate further processing steps. For example, the method consists of TSP sample preparation and trypsin digestion prior to the preliminary characterization using nanoUPLC‐MSE analysis of the recombinant proteins that are expressed in TSP samples of transgenic soybean seeds. A TSP sample as small as 50 μg can be effectively analyzed. In this study, transgenic soybean seeds that expressed recombinant cancer testis antigen (CTAG) were used. The procedure covered 30% of the protein sequence and was quantified at 0.26 ng, which corresponded to 0.1% of the TSP sample. A comparative proteomic profile was generated by the comparison of a negative control and sample that showed a unique expression pattern of CTAG in a transgenic line. The experimental data from the TSP extraction, sample preparation and data analysis are discussed herein.
Toward safer practice in otology: A report on 15 years of clinical negligence claims
Authors: Mathew Rajeev , Asimacopoulos Eleni , Valentine Peter 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the characteristics of medical negligence claims arising from otological practice.Study Design:Retrospective analysis of medical negligence claims contained in the National Health Service Litigation Authority (NHSLA) database.Methods:Claims relating to otology and neurotology between 1995 and 2010 were obtained from the NHSLA database and analyzed for cause of injury, type of injury, outcome of claim and costs.Results:Over 15 years there were 137 claims in otology, representing 26% of all the claims in otolaryngology. Of these, 116 have been closed, and 84% of closed claims resulted in payment. Of the 97 successful claims, 63 were related to operative complications. This included six cases of wrong side/site surgery, and 15 cases of inadequate informed consent. The most common injuries claimed were hearing loss, facial paralysis, and additional/unnecessary surgery. Middle ear ventilation and mastoid surgery were the procedures most commonly associated with a successful claim. There were 15 successful claims of misdiagnosis/delayed diagnosis, with chronic suppurative otitis media the condition most frequently missed. There were nine successful claims related to outpatient procedures, of which seven were for aural toilet and six claims of medical mismanagement, including three cases of ototoxicity from topical medications. There were also four successful claims for morbidity due to delayed surgery.Conclusions:This is the first study to report outcomes of negligence claims in otology. Claims in otology are associated with a high success rate. A significant proportion of claims are not related to surgery and represent areas where safety should also be addressed.
Otologic and audiologic manifestations of hutchinson‐gilford progeria syndrome
Authors: Guardiani Elizabeth , Zalewski Christopher , Brewer Carmen , Merideth Melissa , Introne Wendy , Smith Ann C. M. , Gordon Leslie , Gahl William , Kim H. Jeffrey 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To define the audiologic and otologic phenotype of Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS).Study Design:Prospective case series.Methods:Fifteen patients with HGPS were enrolled in a prospective natural history study; 14 were evaluated in the neurotology clinic, and 11 received audiologic evaluations. The physical exam and audiologic findings of these patients were reviewed to define an otologic and audiologic phenotype for HGPS in the largest series of subjects in the literature.Results:All patients were noted to have stiff auricular cartilages, small or absent lobules, and hypoplasia of the lateral soft‐tissue portion of the external ear canal leading to a shortened canal. Ten of 14 patients (71%) had dry cerumen impaction, and four of 14 patients (29%) reported a history of recurrent otitis media. Nineteen of 22 ears (86.4%) demonstrated low‐frequency conductive hearing loss in the 250 to 500 Hz range. Sixteen of 22 ears (73%) had type A tympanograms; three of 22 ears (14%) displayed bimodal or “W” peaked tympanograms; two of 22 ears (9%) had type B tympanograms; one of 22 ears (4%) had a type C tympanogram. Nine of 10 patients had distortion product otoacoustic emissions consistent with normal peripheral hearing sensitivity.Conclusions:HGPS is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene resulting in the production of an abnormal nuclear protein; this in turn affects nuclear structure and function. Patients with HGPS have characteristic otologic features due to cartilaginous and subcutaneous tissue abnormalities and typically demonstrate low‐frequency conductive hearing loss despite largely normal tympanometry. It is important to be aware of these conditions in managing these patients.
Maintaining clarity of thought: Leading better under pressure
Authors: Menkes Justin 
Published: September 2011

AbstractLeaders must navigate a volatile world of unpredictability, while maintaining clear thinking amidst unprecedented stress. Menkes maintains that we can actually befriend stress to be at our best in critical situations. He shows how leaders in a variety of industries have consistently executed under pressure to thrive under crisis conditions. Moreover, these confidence‐building skills can be taught to aspiring leaders, so they can “harness the tremendous power of adrenaline.”
Fixing the trust deficit: Creating a culture of professionals
Authors: Wiersma Bill 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe levels of trust within many organizations today are low. They can be raised by increasing the sense of professionalism in each person, Wiersma contends. This can be a source of “great power and even competitive advantage,” as professionals build on certain mind‐sets, such as having integrity, lofty standards, and a commitment to organizational success. Wiersma outlines three crucial steps leaders can take to foster a professional culture. The journey is important, because professionalism is “the ladder upon which all other organizational virtues mount.”
Effect of sialodacryoadenitis virus infection on axonal regeneration
Authors: Yu Vivian M. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Hunter Daniel A , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe effect of sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) infection on axonal regeneration and functional recovery was investigated in male Lewis rats. Animals underwent unilateral tibial nerve transection, immediate repair, and treatment with either FK506 (treated) or control vehicle (untreated). Serial walking track analyses were performed to assess functional recovery. Nerves were harvested for morphometric analysis on postoperative day 18 after an SDAV outbreak occurred that affected the 12 experimental animals. Histomorphometry and walking track data were compared against 36 historical controls. Rats infected with SDAV demonstrated severely impaired axonal regeneration and diminished functional recovery. Total fiber counts, nerve density, and percent neural tissue were all significantly reduced in infected animals (P < 0.05). Active SDAV infection severely impaired nerve regeneration and negated the positive effect of FK506 on nerve regeneration in rats. Immunosuppressive risks must be weighed carefully against the potential neuroregenerative benefits in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2011.
Device characteristics of a 10.1% hydrazine‐processed Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 solar cell
Authors: Barkhouse D. Aaron R. , Gunawan Oki , Gokmen Tayfun , Todorov Teodor K. , Mitzi David B. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTA power conversion efficiency record of 10.1% was achieved for kesterite absorbers, using a Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 thin‐film solar cell made by hydrazine‐based solution processing. Key device characteristics were compiled, including light/dark J–V, quantum efficiency, temperature dependence of Voc and series resistance, photoluminescence, and capacitance spectroscopy, providing important insight into how the devices compare with high‐performance Cu(In,Ga)Se2. The record kesterite device was shown to be primarily limited by interface recombination, minority carrier lifetime, and series resistance. The new level of device performance points to the significant promise of the kesterites as an emerging and commercially interesting thin‐film technology. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IPM program development for an invasive pest: coordination, outreach and evaluation
Authors: Dreves Amy J 
Published: September 2011

AbstractBACKGROUND: Spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, was found along the west coast of the United States, beginning in 2008 and 2009, infesting a wide variety of small and stone fruit crops. This pest is a serious economic threat, as noted in its native range (Asia), because it lays eggs within ripening fruit before harvest, leading to crop loss. The aim of this paper is to describe the process in order to create collaboration, communication routes and evaluation methods in response to a new invasive pest.RESULTS: Funding was secured and a program (SWD*IPM) was quickly developed to address social, economic and biological components. Communication routes were outlined, and a stakeholder advisory panel was established to guide program objectives. A central website was created to host up‐to‐date information. An online monitoring and mapping program for D. suzukii in Oregon fruit‐growing regions illustrated the range, distribution and seasonal abundance of the pest. In addition, a program for backyard fruit growers was initiated to examine citizen scientists' roles in managing D. suzukii infestations in the urban setting. A monitoring kit, laminated educational cards, dry fly mounts and quick‐time videos were some of the tools used to educate growers. First‐year challenges for dealing with a new pest are discussed.CONCLUSION: The discovery and subsequent response to an exotic pest is information intensive and requires a well‐planned, coordinated Extension and evaluation effort. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
First‐principles investigation of H2O adsorption on a BN co‐doped nanotube
Authors: Wei Jianwei , Zeng Hui , Pu Lichun , Hu Nan , Liang Junwu , Peng Ping 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe have investigated the electronic and optical properties of a water adsorbed carbon nanotube (CNT) with boron/nitrogen co‐doping by means of density‐functional theories (DFTs). These properties play an important role in biological application of the co‐doped nanotube. The positions of the inside adsorbed water molecules are all much alike due to confinement effects. The calculated results indicate that the water can be stably adsorbed both inside and outside of the co‐doped nanotube. More importantly, the water molecule can act as donor or acceptor depending on its position. The adsorption can significantly decrease the band gap and enhance the localization of the π electron. The optical properties are affected nonlinearly owing to the strong interactivity between the water molecule and the nanotube.
Synthetic challenge to ubiquitous natural products from plant origin: flavan‐derived polyphenols
Authors: Ohmori Ken 
Published: September 2011

AbstractFlavan‐derived polyphenols (catechin derivatives), widely destributed in the plant kingdom, have been given much considerable attention owing to their significant bioactivitites coupled with their extreme structural diversity. However, biochemical functions of this class of molecules are still not well understood because of the limited availavility of natural samples in sufficient quantity and quality. Here we report our synthetic challenges toward flavan‐derived polyphenols, based on the flavonoid‐sugar analogy. The key for success was the C(4)‐elaboration of the flavan skeleton, which posed an important relevance to their structure diversification both in terms of the biogenetic origin of flavan derivatives as well as chemical synthesis of this class of compounds. Various nucleophilic units could be introduced to the C(4) position via the SN1‐type substitution, and orthogonal activation of two distinct flavan units enabled block assembly of linear catechin oligomers. These methodologies would serve as a reliable way to supply valuable, homogeneuous samples for biological testing. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100026
A numerical investigation of the turbulent Stokes–Ekman bottom boundary layer
Authors: Salon S. , Armenio V. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn the present paper turbulent mixing in the Stokes–Ekman bottom boundary layer is investigated analytically and by wall-resolving large-eddy simulations (LES). The analytical solution shows that when the Rossby number $\mathit{Ro}\ensuremath{\sim} 1$ oscillation and rotation interact with each other, this gives rise to a thickening of the boundary layer compared with the purely oscillating or the purely rotating case. The solution also shows the presence of elliptical patterns developing on the horizontal planes that shrink when approaching the low latitudes. In the turbulent regime, a LES was applied for an east–west tidal current, considered at three different latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, namely, the polar case, the mid-latitude case ($4{5}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $) and the quasi-equatorial case (${5}^{\ensuremath{\circ} } $). The Reynolds number of the simulation, based on the viscous penetration depth and the frequency of the purely oscillatory flow, was set equal to ${\mathit{Re}}_{\delta } = 1790$. The analysis suggests that rotation has two main effects on the flow field: in the polar case, rotation tends to delay the cyclic re-transition to turbulence and to narrow the turbulent phases of the cycle. Also, rotation suppresses vertical fluctuations of velocity and redistributes energy from the streamwise direction to the spanwise direction. It is noteworthy that the high-latitude effect makes the turbulent field substantially different from the reference Stokes boundary layer case, whereas the low-latitude effects appear to be of secondary importance, owing to the weakness of the rotation rate. Consequently, the study shows that the Stokes boundary layer may be representative of the oceanic bottom boundary layer in the low-latitude cases ($\mathit{Ro}\gt 1$ cases in our simulations). Conversely, it cannot be considered as archetypal of the oceanic boundary layer at high latitudes ($\mathit{Ro}\lt 1$ case of our study), where the vertical background vorticity profoundly modifies the turbulent field.
Effects of strobilurin fungicide programmes and fertilizer nitrogen rates on winter wheat: leaf area, dry matter yield and nitrogen yield
Authors: ISHIKAWA S. , HARE M. C. , KETTLEWELL P. S. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYFour field experiments were conducted on wheat, using the bread-making cultivar Hereward, over 3 years to study the interactions between nitrogen (N) and strobilurin fungicides with respect to yield and grain N. In one of the field experiments, above-ground dry matter (DM) yield was greater when the plots were treated with a mixture of triazole and strobilurin than when either no fungicide or triazole alone was applied. On plots that received no N fertilizer, above-ground DM and grain yield were lower for the plots treated with fungicides than for plots not treated with fungicide, which implied that the benefit of applying fungicides could only be exploited with N fertilization. There was no difference in above-ground N accumulation between fungicide programmes; however, greater N accumulation in grains was observed following the application of a mixture of triazole and the strobilurin trifloxystrobin compared with plots treated with either no fungicide or triazole alone. This increase in grain N appeared to be attributable more to improved translocation of N to grains rather than to increased N uptake from the soil. The two strobilurin fungicide ingredients kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin, each mixed with a triazole and tested in the present study, performed differently. Better performance, especially with respect to grain N yield, was observed most frequently with trifloxystrobin compared to kresoxim-methyl.
Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia
Authors: Dickson H. , Laurens K. R. , Cullen A. E. , Hodgins S. 
Published: September 2011

BackgroundPrevious reviews have reported cognitive and motor deficits in childhood and adolescence among individuals who later develop schizophrenia. However, these reviews focused exclusively on studies of individuals with affected relatives or on population/birth cohorts, incorporated studies with estimated measures of pre-morbid intelligence, or included investigations that examined symptomatic at-risk participants or participants 18 years or older. Thus, it remains unclear whether cognitive and motor deficits constitute robust antecedents of schizophrenia. Meta-analyses were conducted on published studies that examined cognitive or motor function in youth aged 16 years or younger who later developed schizophrenia or a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) and those who did not.MethodTwenty-three studies fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: (1) written in English; (2) prospective investigations of birth or genetic high-risk cohorts, or follow-back investigations of population samples; (3) objective measures of cognitive or motor performance at age 16 or younger; (4) results provided for individuals who did and who did not develop schizophrenia/SSD later in life; and (5) sufficient data to calculate effect sizes. Four domains of function were examined: IQ; Motor Function; General Academic Achievement; and Mathematics Achievement.ResultsMeta-analyses showed that, by age 16, individuals who subsequently developed schizophrenia/SSD displayed significant deficits in IQ (d=0.51) and motor function (d=0.56), but not in general academic achievement (d=0.25) or mathematics achievement (d=0.21). Subsidiary analysis indicated that the IQ deficit was present by age 13.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that deficits in IQ and motor performance precede the prodrome and the onset of illness.
Entropy, Lyapunov exponents and escape rates in open systems
Authors: DEMERS MARK F. , WRIGHT PAUL , YOUNG LAI-SANG 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe study the relation between escape rates and pressure in general dynamical systems with holes, where pressure is defined to be the difference between entropy and the sum of positive Lyapunov exponents. Central to the discussion is the formulation of a class of invariant measures supported on the survivor set over which we take the supremum to measure the pressure. Upper bounds for escape rates are proved for general diffeomorphisms of manifolds, possibly with singularities, for arbitrary holes and natural initial distributions, including Lebesgue and Sinai–Reulle–Bowen (SRB) measures. Lower bounds do not hold in such a generality, but for systems admitting Markov tower extensions with spectral gaps, we prove the equality of the escape rate with the absolute value of the pressure and the existence of an invariant measure realizing the escape rate, i.e. we prove a full variational principle. As an application of our results, we prove a variational principle for the billiard map associated with a planar Lorentz gas of finite horizon with holes.
Using automated extraction of hepatitis B tests for surveillance: evidence of decreasing incidence of acute hepatitis B in England
Authors: BRANT L. J. , HURRELLE M. , COLLINS S. , KLAPPER P. E. , RAMSAY M. E. 
Published: September 2011

SUMMARYSurveillance of acute hepatitis B in England is necessary to estimate incidence, determine routes of transmission and inform public health actions. Here we describe an automated process to extract information on testing for markers of hepatitis B infection in English sentinel laboratories between 2002 and 2008. The resulting data were used to identify individuals with acute infections, describe their characteristics and estimate the incidence of infection. Two-thirds of acute infections were in males. Heterosexual exposure and injecting drug use were the main risks reported. Annual incidence was estimated at 1·3/100 000 person-years overall (1·7 and 0·6 for males and females, respectively) and declined each year. Automated extraction of hepatitis B markers, including quantitative results where available, can help to classify HBV status more accurately for surveillance. HBV incidence in England is at its lowest level in recent years.
Visual acuity in fish consumers of the Brazilian Amazon: risks and benefits from local diet
Authors: Fillion Myriam , Lemire Mélanie , Philibert Aline , Frenette Benoît , Weiler Hope Alberta , Deguire Jason Robert , Guimarães Jean Remy Davée , Larribe Fabrice , Barbosa Fernando , Mergler Donna 
Published: September 2011

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations between near and distant visual acuity and biomarkers of Hg, Pb, n-3 fatty acids and Se from the local diet of fish-eating communities of the Tapajós River in the Brazilian Amazon.DesignVisuo-ocular health and biomarkers of Hg (hair, whole blood, plasma), Pb (whole blood), Se (whole blood and plasma) and n-3 fatty acids (plasma total phospholipids) were assessed in a cross-sectional study.SettingLower Tapajós River Basin (State of Pará, Brazil), May to July 2006.SubjectsTwo hundred and forty-three adults (≥15 years) without diagnosed age-related cataracts or ocular pathologies.ResultsNear visual acuity was negatively associated with hair Hg and positively associated with %DHA, with a highly significant Log Hg × age interaction term. Stratifying for age showed that while young people presented good acuity, for those aged ≥40 years, clinical presbyopia was associated with hair Hg ≥ 15 μg/g (OR = 3·93, 95 % CI 1·25, 14·18) and %DHA (OR = 0·37, 95 % CI 0·11, 1·11). A similar age-related pattern was observed for distant visual acuity in relation to blood Pb, but the evidence was weaker.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Hg and Pb may affect visual acuity in older persons, while DHA appears to be protective for near visual acuity loss. In this population, with little access to eye care, diet may have an important influence on visuo-ocular ageing.