bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergen‐specific IgE as a biomarker of exposure plus sensitization in inner‐city adolescents with asthma
Authors: Matsui E. C. , Sampson H. A. , Bahnson H. T. , Gruchalla R. S. , Pongracic J. A. , Teach S. J. , Gergen P. J. , Bloomberg G. R. , Chmiel J. F. , Liu A. H. , Kattan M. , Sorkness C. A. , Steinbach S. F. , Story R. E. , Visness C. M. ,   on behalf of the Inner‐city Asthma Consortium
Published: June 2010

To cite this article: Matsui EC, Sampson HA, Bahnson HT, Gruchalla RS, Pongracic JA, Teach SJ, Gergen PJ, Bloomberg GR, Chmiel JF, Liu AH, Kattan M, Sorkness CA, Steinbach SF, Story RE, Visness CM, on behalf of the Inner‐city Asthma Consortium. Allergen‐specific IgE as a biomarker of exposure plus sensitization in inner‐city adolescents with asthma. Allergy 2010; 65: 1414–1422.AbstractBackground:  Relationships among allergen‐specific IgE levels, allergen exposure and asthma severity are poorly understood since sensitization has previously been evaluated as a dichotomous, rather than continuous characteristic.Methods:  Five hundred and forty‐six inner‐city adolescents enrolled in the Asthma Control Evaluation study underwent exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurement, lung function testing, and completion of a questionnaire. Allergen‐specific IgE levels and blood eosinophils were quantified. Dust samples were collected from the participants’ bedrooms for quantification of allergen concentrations. Participants were followed for 12 months and clinical outcomes were tracked.Results:  Among sensitized participants, allergen‐specific IgE levels were correlated with the corresponding settled dust allergen levels for cockroach, dust mite, and mouse (r = 0.38, 0.34, 0.19, respectively; P < 0.0001 for cockroach and dust mite and P = 0.03 for mouse), but not cat (r = −0.02, P = 0.71). Higher cockroach‐, mite‐, mouse‐, and cat‐specific IgE levels were associated with higher FENO concentrations, poorer lung function, and higher blood eosinophils. Higher cat, dust mite, and mouse allergen‐specific IgE levels were also associated with an increasing risk of exacerbations or hospitalization.Conclusions:  Allergen‐specific IgE levels were correlated with allergen exposure among sensitized participants, except for cat. Allergen‐specific IgE levels were also associated with more severe asthma across a range of clinical and biologic markers. Adjusting for exposure did not provide additional predictive value, suggesting that higher allergen‐specific IgE levels may be indicative of both higher exposure and a greater degree of sensitization, which in turn may result in greater asthma severity.
Peanut allergy and allergic airways inflammation
Authors: Hughes Jennifer L. , Brown Trevor , Edgar J. David , Shields Michael D. 
Published: June 2010

Hughes JL, Brown T, Edgar JD, Shields MD. Peanut allergy and allergic airways inflammation. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 1107–1113. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAsthma is a major risk cofactor for anaphylactic deaths in children with peanut allergy. Peanut allergy is generally thought to be a lifelong condition, but some children outgrow their coexistent asthma. It has recently been shown that children who have ‘outgrown’ their asthma symptoms may have ongoing eosinophilic airways inflammation. The need for regular inhaled corticosteroid treatment in peanut allergic children and adolescents who have outgrown their asthma is however unclear. The aims of our study were to look at fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels (FeNO), as a non‐invasive marker of eosinophilic airways inflammation, in peanut allergic children and assess whether children with outgrown asthma had elevated levels. Children with peanut allergy were recruited at two pediatric allergy clinics in Belfast, UK. Exhaled nitric oxide levels (FeNO) were measured using the Niox Mino in all children. Of the 101 peanut allergic children who consented for enrolment in the study, 94 were successfully able to use the NIOX Mino. Age range was 4–15 yr (median 10 yr); 61% were boys. Thirty (32%) had never wheezed, 37 (39%) had current treated asthma, 20 (21%) had at least 1 wheezing episode within the last year but were not taking any regular asthma medication (wheeze no treatment), and 7 (7%) had outgrown asthma. All children with outgrown asthma had elevated levels of FeNO (>35 ppb), and 75% of children defined as ‘wheeze no treatment’ had elevated FeNO levels (>35 ppb). Outgrown asthma and children defined as ‘wheeze no treatment’ had higher levels of FeNO than those with no history of wheeze or current treated asthma (p = 0.003). In children with peanut allergy, we found that those who had outgrown asthma had elevated FeNO levels in keeping with ongoing eosinophilic airways inflammation.
Evidence for cis‐acting regulation of ANK3 and CACNA1C gene expression
Authors: Quinn Emma M , Hill Matthew , Anney Richard , Gill Michael , Corvin Aiden P , Morris Derek W 
Published: June 2010

Quinn EM, Hill M, Anney R, Gill M, Corvin AP, Morris DW. Evidence for cis‐acting regulation of ANK3 and CACNA1C gene expression. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 440–445. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objectives:  Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified Ankyrin‐G (ANK3) and the α‐1C subunit of the L‐type voltage‐gated calcium channel (CACNA1C) as susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder. Available biological information on these genes suggests a potential molecular mechanism involving ion channel dysfunction. The associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ANK3 (rs10994336) and CACNA1C (rs1006737) are both intronic with no obvious impact on gene function. We investigated whether, instead of affecting protein function, these risk variants might impact on gene regulation affecting expression.Methods:  We have done this by testing for allelic expression imbalance (AEI) to identify cis‐acting regulatory polymorphisms.Results:  We identified evidence of cis‐acting variation at both loci in HapMap Caucasian Europeans from Utah (CEU) lymphoblastoid cell lines. There was considerable evidence of AEI at ANK3 with more than half of all heterozygous samples (21 out of 34) for marker SNP rs3750800 showing AEI and a small number of samples showing near monoallelic expression. The AEI at either gene could not be attributed to the GWAS‐associated SNPs.Conclusions:  These data indicate that there is genetic variation local to both genes affecting their expression, but that this variation is not responsible for increasing risk of bipolar disorder.
Medical comorbidity in bipolar disorder: relationship between illnesses of the endocrine/metabolic system and treatment outcome
Authors: Kemp David E , Gao Keming , Chan Philip K , Ganocy Stephen J , Findling Robert L , Calabrese Joseph R 
Published: June 2010

Kemp DE, Gao K, Chan PK, Ganocy SJ, Findling RL, Calabrese JR. Medical comorbidity in bipolar disorder: relationship between illnesses of the endocrine/metabolic system and treatment outcome. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 404–413. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Objective:  The present study examined the relationship between medical burden in bipolar disorder and several indicators of illness severity and outcome. It was hypothesized that illnesses of the endocrine/metabolic system would be associated with greater psychiatric symptom burden and would impact the response to treatment with lithium and valproate.Methods:  Data were analyzed from two studies evaluating lithium and valproate for rapid‐cycling presentations of bipolar I and II disorder. General medical comorbidity was assessed by the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between medical burden, body mass index (BMI), substance use disorder status, and depressive symptom severity.Results:  Of 225 patients enrolled, 41.8% had a recent substance use disorder, 50.7% were male, and 69.8% had bipolar I disorder. The mean age of the sample was 36.8 (SD = 10.8) years old. The mean number of comorbid medical disorders per patient was 2.5 (SD = 2.5), and the mean CIRS total score was 4.3 (SD = 3.1). A significant positive correlation was observed between baseline depression severity and the number of organ systems affected by medical illness (p = 0.04). Illnesses of the endocrine/metabolic system were inversely correlated with remission from depressive symptoms (p = 0.02), and obesity was specifically associated with poorer treatment outcome. For every 1‐unit increase in BMI, the likelihood of response decreased by 7.5% [odds ratio (OR) = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87– 0.99; p = 0.02] and the likelihood of remission decreased by 7.3% (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–0.99; p = 0.03). The effect of comorbid substance use on the likelihood of response differed significantly according to baseline BMI. The presence of a comorbid substance use disorder resulted in lower odds of response, but only among patients with a BMI ≥ 23 (p = 0.02).Conclusion:  Among patients with rapid‐cycling bipolar disorder receiving lithium and valproate, endocrine/metabolic illnesses, including overweight and obesity, appear to be associated with greater depressive symptom severity and poorer treatment outcomes.
Anxiety as a symptom of mixed mania: implications for DSM‐5
Authors: Cassidy Frederick 
Published: June 2010

Cassidy F. Anxiety as a symptom of mixed mania: implications for DSM‐5. Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 437–439. © 2010 The Author. Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Abstract:  The recently released preliminary proposal for the DSM‐5 diagnostic system includes modification of the mixed mania diagnosis symptom set. That definition includes the long‐overdue exclusion of nonspecific signs and symptoms, as well as the inclusion of psychomotor retardation. Anxiety is specifically excluded from the definition. The current report reviews studies to establish that psychomotor retardation would have limited utility in the definition, in contrast to anxiety, which is a core symptom of the mixed manic subtype.
Ecological opportunity and the origin of adaptive radiations
Authors: YODER J. B. , CLANCEY E. , DES ROCHES S. , EASTMAN J. M. , GENTRY L. , GODSOE W. , HAGEY T. J. , JOCHIMSEN D. , OSWALD B. P. , ROBERTSON J. , SARVER B. A. J. , SCHENK J. J. , SPEAR S. F. , HARMON L. J. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractEcological opportunity – through entry into a new environment, the origin of a key innovation or extinction of antagonists – is widely thought to link ecological population dynamics to evolutionary diversification. The population‐level processes arising from ecological opportunity are well documented under the concept of ecological release. However, there is little consensus as to how these processes promote phenotypic diversification, rapid speciation and adaptive radiation. We propose that ecological opportunity could promote adaptive radiation by generating specific changes to the selective regimes acting on natural populations, both by relaxing effective stabilizing selection and by creating conditions that ultimately generate diversifying selection. We assess theoretical and empirical evidence for these effects of ecological opportunity and review emerging phylogenetic approaches that attempt to detect the signature of ecological opportunity across geological time. Finally, we evaluate the evidence for the evolutionary effects of ecological opportunity in the diversification of Caribbean Anolis lizards. Some of the processes that could link ecological opportunity to adaptive radiation are well documented, but others remain unsupported. We suggest that more study is required to characterize the form of natural selection acting on natural populations and to better describe the relationship between ecological opportunity and speciation rates.
Genetic diversity and geographic differentiation in the alternative legume Tripodion tetraphyllum (L.) Fourr. in North African populations
Authors: Bellucci E. , Nanni L. , Bitocchi E. , Rossi M. , Papa R. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractWild legumes constitute an important component of widespread pastures in the Mediterranean basin. This region is experiencing remarkable effects from climate change, and continuous monitoring of species and population dynamics is important in order to plan and enact valuable conservation programmes. Tripodion tetraphyllum (L.) Fourr. [=Anthyllis tetraphylla L.] (2n = 16), belongs to the tribe Loteae (Fabaceae), and could be very important for soil protection and sward improvement in abandoned or degraded Mediterranean areas. This alternative pasture legume is very closely related to Lotus japonicus and has some important characteristics for survival of the species in difficult and overgrazed Mediterranean areas. In this study, we have investigated the molecular diversity and population structure of T. tetraphyllum from North Africa using ISSR markers and plastidial microsatellites. To date, this is the first study concerning the genetic diversity and geographic differentiation of T. tetraphyllum. Ninety genotypes from three North African countries were analysed according to ISSRs, cpSSRs and one phenotypic trait. T. tetraphyllum shows a clear geographical structure, with differentiation associated with longitudinal differences; moreover, there is a general reduction in genetic diversity from Morocco to Tunisia. With all the markers used, strong differentiation was seen among collection sites. Our data highlight a genetic diversity gradient and cline of distribution, indicating that T. tetraphyllum has extended its area of distribution from Morocco to Tunisia.
Susceptibility of European and North American populations of the European corn borer to the Cry1F insecticidal protein
Authors: Gaspers C. , Siegfried B. D. , Spencer T. , Alves A. P. , Storer N. P. , Schuphan I. , Eber S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractBaseline susceptibility to the Cry1F toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis was determined for 11 European Union (EU) and 24 United States (US) populations of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). The response to Cry1F exposure was measured as mortality and growth inhibition for each population. The aim of this study was to characterize inter‐population variation in the susceptibility of EU and US European corn borer (O. nubilalis) neonates to Cry1F protein and additionally, intra‐population variation for the EU European corn borer to help develop effective and sensitive resistance monitoring methods. In this study, neonate European corn borer were exposed to a range of concentration of microbially‐produced Cry1F protein applied to the surface of artificial diet. Measures of mortality and growth inhibition of larvae on surface‐treated diet relative to untreated control diet were taken after 7 days. A comparison between European and American corn borer populations showed that the range of variation in Cry1F toxin susceptibility assessed by mortality and growth inhibition was similar. Differences in Cry1F susceptibility between European corn borer populations across continents and among the various populations within each geography were apparent although similar variation among replicates for the same population were also observed in two EU populations. It is likely that these small differences reflect natural variation in sensitivity among populations of European corn borer as well as methodological differences and are not influenced by geographic location. The importance of establishing baseline susceptibilities to resistance detection is discussed.
A qualitative study of service user experiences of occupation in forensic mental health
Authors: Craik Christine , Bryant Wendy , Ryan Amanda , Barclay Samantha , Brooke Nicole , Mason Adele , Russell Peter 
Published: June 2010

Background/aim:  This qualitative study explored occupational engagement of those detained in forensic units. Legal and institutional restrictions on occupation have implications for their health and wellbeing. Method:  Twenty‐six current forensic mental health service users participated in five focus groups, which were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to constant comparative analysis. Findings:  The participants highlighted previous occupations, current occupations and hopes. Key aspects were control over decision‐making, motivation and support, generating suggestions alongside positive experiences of occupational therapy. Conclusions:  Institutional barriers could be overcome with a dynamic balance between risk management and mental health promotion through occupation. This demands a sustained focus on occupation for everyone involved in providing care and treatment in these settings.
Translating knowledge to practice: An occupational therapy perspective
Authors: Metzler Megan J. , Metz Gerlinde A. 
Published: June 2010

Background/Aim: Translating knowledge to practice, also called ‘knowledge translation’, is increasingly recognised as a driving force to strengthen and improve the healthcare system. How knowledge translation fits with occupational therapy practice deserves examination.Methods: This paper will explore how an action process model, the Knowledge‐To‐Action Process, may advance knowledge translation in occupational therapy. Occupational therapists typically view knowledge in a broad sense, encompassing research, tacit knowledge, expert opinion and client evidence. The Knowledge‐To‐Action Process facilitates application of client, therapist and research knowledge to occupational therapy practice.Results: Examination of knowledge translation through the lens of the Knowledge‐To‐Action Process creates awareness of the value of client, therapist and research knowledge. It also highlights opportunities as practitioners to implement knowledge translation.Conclusions: Models able to flexibly reflect an occupational therapy perspective of knowledge have a potentially vital role in successful knowledge translation. Furthermore, these models allow therapists and other stakeholders to analyse complex situations and identify targeted knowledge translation strategies.
Category verbal fluency predicted changes in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Fen , Wang Shuu‐Jiun , Zheng Ling , Fuh Jong‐Ling 
Published: June 2010

Aim:  Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive symptoms and behavioral symptoms, and their association is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and the changes in behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with AD.Methods:  A total of 101 patients with probable AD were enrolled (57 women and 44 men, mean age 77.6 ± 7.7 years). The Category Verbal Fluency Test (CVFT), the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Constructional Praxis Test, the Delayed Word Recall Test, the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, and the Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI) were administered at baseline. The NPI was reassessed with a median follow‐up duration of 10 months (range 6–18 months). The change in the NPI scores was defined as the end‐point score of the NPI minus the initial one. The associations between the changes in NPI total score, its four subdomains (hyperactivity, psychosis, affection, and apathy), and cognitive function were examined using multivariate linear models. The results were adjusted for confounders including demographics, baseline NPI, and duration of follow up.Results:  The mean MMSE was 18.6 ± 5.6, the CVFT score was 7.1 ± 3.9, and the NPI score was 10.9 ± 13.8. Regression analyses found that the CVFT score (β = −0.32, P = 0.004) was significantly associated with the change in NPI score, but not the MMSE, the Delayed Word Recall score, or the Constructional Praxis score. The CVFT score was significantly associated with changes in the psychosis subdomain (β = −0.34, P = 0.001), but not the other subdomains.Conclusions:  Our study showed that CVFT was predictive of the changes in behavior disturbance in patients with AD, particularly in the psychosis domain.
Case for and against specificity of depression in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Even Christian , Weintraub Daniel 
Published: June 2010

Aims:  The aims of this study were to assess the epidemiological, phenomenological, and pathophysiological evidence that suggests the specificity of depression associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:  We reviewed the English‐language literature.Results:  Depression occurs significantly more often in patients with AD than in the general elderly population. While development of depression in response to the disability and emotional stress of AD may be a contributory factor in some patients, several studies showed that depression was not, or was only seldom, related to self‐awareness of AD and these studies could not explain the high prevalence figures. To overcome the overlapping phenomenology of the two diseases, specific diagnostic criteria have been developed for depression in this context. Mixed findings have come from neuropathological and neuroimaging studies, with some evidence linking the underlying neural substrate of AD and depression, suggesting an overlapping cause of primary depression and depression comorbid with AD. Few randomized controlled trials for depression associated with AD have been conducted, with rather poor results for the use of antidepressants.Conclusions:  Currently, depression associated with AD is not considered a separate disorder by regulatory authorities and is unlikely to be considered as such in the near future. Several obstacles remain to support such a specific position, including the heterogenous nature of depression in general and within AD itself, the lack of a distinct set of symptoms, and limited treatment.
Clinical profile of adult cystic fibrosis patients with frequent epidemic clones of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: TINGPEJ Pholawat , ELKINS Mark , ROSE Barbara , HU Honghua , MORIARTY Carmel , MANOS Jim , BARRAS Belinda , BYE Peter , HARBOUR Colin 
Published: June 2010

ABSTRACTBackground and objective:  Earlier reports suggested that Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequent epidemic clones circulating in cystic fibrosis (CF) centres had increased virulence. However, recent data show no consistent associations with virulence, and suggest attenuation of virulence in chronic infection. Changes to infection control programmes in relation to frequent epidemic clones should be based on their frequency, virulence across all age groups and mode of acquisition. The Australian epidemic strain‐1 (AES‐1) (or the Melbourne epidemic strain) and AES‐2 are common in CF clinics in mainland eastern Australia, but not in the environment. Both have shown increased virulence, but there are no data specifically in adults. This study examines the frequency and virulence of P. aeruginosa frequent epidemic clones in the adult CF clinic at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.Methods:  Two hundred and fifty‐eight P. aeruginosa isolates from 112 participants were genotyped by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Ninety‐eight patients were followed up for 1 year and associations sought between infection with a frequent epidemic clone, clinical outcome and antibiotic resistance.Results:  Four frequent P. aeruginosa epidemic clones (AES‐1, AES‐2, S‐1, S‐2) affected almost 50% of participants. AES‐1 predominated (38%). AES‐1, AES‐2 and S‐1 were associated with increased exacerbations and hospital‐admission days. AES‐1 showed increased resistance to aminoglycosides and ticarcillin‐clavulanate.Conclusions:  This study supports the potential threat of frequent P. aeruginosa epidemic clones in adult CF populations.