bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bringing cell biology into classroom: tips to culture and observe skeletal muscle cells in high school and college
Authors: Matsuda Ryoichi , Okiharu Fumiko 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWatching living cells through a microscope is much more exciting than seeing pictures of cells in high school and college textbooks. However, bringing cell cultures into the classroom is challenging for biology teachers since culturing cells requires sophisticated and expensive instruments such as a CO2 incubator and an inverted phase-contrast microscope. Here, we describe easy and affordable methods to culture and observe skeletal muscle cells using the L-15 culture medium, tissue culture flask, standard dry incubator, standard upright microscope, and modified Smartphone microscope. Watching natural living cells in a “Do-It-Yourself (DIY)” way may inspire more students’ interest in cell biology.
The Influence of Residual Stress on Fatigue Crack Growth Rates in Stainless Steel Processed by Different Additive Manufacturing Methods
Authors: Smudde Christine M. , San Marchi Christopher C. , Hill Michael R. , Gibeling Jeffery C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe properties and microstructure of Type 304L stainless steel produced by two additive manufacturing (AM) methods—directed energy deposition (DED) and powder bed fusion (PBF)—are evaluated and compared. Localized heating and steep temperature gradients of AM processes lead to significant residual stress and distinctive microstructures, which may be process-specific and influence mechanical behavior. Test data show that materials produced by DED and PDF have small differences in tensile strengths but clear differences in residual stress and microstructural features. Measured fatigue crack growth rates (FCGRs) for cracks propagating parallel to and perpendicular to the build directions differ between the two AM materials. To separate the influences of residual stress and microstructure, K-control test procedures with decreasing and constant stress intensity factor ranges are used to measure FCGRs in the near-threshold regime (crack growth rates ≤ 1 × 10−8 m/cycle). Residual stress is quantified by the residual stress intensity factor, Kres, measured by the online crack compliance method. Correcting the FCGR data for differences in Kres brings results for specimens of the two AM materials into agreement with each other and with results for wrought specimens, when the latter are corrected for crack closure. Differences in microstructure and tensile strength have an insignificant influence on FCGRs in these tests.
MicroRNA mmu-miR-511-5p: A promising Diagnostic Biomarker in Experimental Toxoplasmosis Using Different Strains and Infective Doses in Mice with Different Immune States Before and After Treatment
Authors: Mady Rasha Fadly , El-Temsahy Mona Mohamed , Issa Yasmine Amr , Zaghloul Aya Saied , Khedr Safaa Ibrahim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Searching for a novel early diagnostic biomarker for toxoplasmosis, real-time-PCR was currently used to measure the serum mmu-miR-511-5p level in male Swiss-albino mice infected with either; ME49 or RH Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) strains.

Methods
Three mice groups were used; (GI) constituted the non-infected control group, while (GII) and (GIII) were experimentally infected with ME49 or RH strains, respectively. GII mice were orally infected using 10 or 20 ME49 cysts (ME-10 and ME-20), both were subdivided into; non-treated (ME-10-NT and ME-20-NT) and were further subdivided into; immunocompetent (ME-10-IC and ME-20-IC) [euthanized 3-days, 1, 2, 6 or 8-weeks post-infection (PI)], and immunosuppressed using two Endoxan® injections (ME-10-IS and ME-20-IS) [euthanized 6- or 8-weeks PI], and spiramycin-treated (ME-10-SP and ME-20-SP) that received daily spiramycin, for one-week before euthanasia. GIII mice individually received 2500 intraperitoneal RH strain tachyzoites, then, were subdivided into; non-treated (RH-NT) [euthanized 3 or 5-days PI], and spiramycin-treated (RH-SP) that were euthanized 5 or 10-days PI (refer to the graphical abstract).

Results
Revealed significant upregulation of mmu-miR-511-5p in GII, one-week PI, with gradually increased expression, reaching its maximum 8-weeks PI, especially in ME-20-NT group that received the higher infective dose. Immunosuppression increased the upregulation. Contrarily, treatment caused significant downregulation. GIII recorded significant upregulation 3-days PI, yet, treatment significantly decreased this expression.

Conclusion
Serum mmu-miR-511-5p is a sensitive biomarker for early diagnosis of ME49 and RH infection (as early as one-week and 3-days, respectively), and its expression varies according to T. gondii infective dose, duration of infection, spiramycin-treatment and host immune status.

Graphical abstract
A scoping review evaluating physical and cognitive functional outcomes in cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy: charting progress since the 2018 NCI think tank on cancer and aging phenotypes
Authors: Mohamed Mostafa , Ahmed Mustafa , Williams AnnaLynn M. , Gilmore Nikesha , Lin Po-Ju , Yilmaz Sule , Jensen-Battaglia Marielle , Mustian Karen , Janelsins Michelle , Mohile Supriya 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The primary goal of this scoping review was to summarize the literature published after the 2018 National Cancer Institute think tank, “Measuring Aging and Identifying Aging Phenotypes in Cancer Survivors,” on physical and cognitive functional outcomes among cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy. We focused on the influence of chemotherapy on aging-related outcomes (i.e., physical functional outcomes, cognitive functional outcomes, and frailty), given the known associations between chemotherapy and biologic mechanisms that affect aging-related physiologic processes.

Methods
A search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, for manuscripts published between August 2018 and July 2023. Eligible studies: 1) included physical function, cognitive function, and/or frailty as outcomes; 2) included cancer survivors (as either the whole sample or a subgroup); 3) reported on physical or cognitive functional outcomes and/or frailty related to chemotherapy treatment (as either the whole sample or a subgroup); and 4) were observational in study design.

Results
The search yielded 989 potentially relevant articles, of which 65 met the eligibility criteria. Of the 65 studies, 49 were longitudinal, and 16 were cross-sectional; 30 studies (46%) focused on breast cancer, 20 studies (31%) focused on the age group 60 + years, and 17 (26%) focused on childhood cancer survivors. With regards to outcomes, 82% of 23 studies reporting on physical function showed reduced physical function, 74% of 39 studies reporting on cognitive functional outcomes found reduced cognitive function, and 80% of 15 studies reporting on frailty found increasing frailty among cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy over time and/or compared to individuals not treated with chemotherapy. Fourteen studies (22%) evaluated biologic mechanisms and their relationship to aging-related outcomes. Inflammation was consistently associated with worsening physical and cognitive functional outcomes and epigenetic age increases. Further, DNA damage was consistently associated with worse aging-related outcomes.

Conclusion
Chemotherapy is associated with reduced physical function, reduced cognitive function, and an increase in frailty in cancer survivors; these associations were demonstrated in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. Inflammation and epigenetic age acceleration are associated with worse physical and cognitive function; prospective observational studies with multiple time points are needed to confirm these findings.

Implications for cancer survivors
This scoping review highlights the need for interventions to prevent declines in physical and cognitive function in cancer survivors who have received chemotherapy.
Assessing the impact of hurricane Fiona on the coast of PEI National Park and implications for the effectiveness of beach-dune management policies
Authors: Davidson-Arnott Robin , Ollerhead Jeff , George Elizabeth , Houser Chris , Bauer Bernard , Hesp Patrick , Walker Ian , Delagado-Fernandez Irene , van Proosdij Danika 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe impact of waves, storm surge, and aeolian transport associated with Post-tropical Storm Fiona (offshore significant wave height ∽ 8 m, storm surge up to 2 m) on the sandy beaches and foredunes of the north shore of Prince Edward Island National Park (PEINP), Canada, are assessed. Management policies and practices, as they apply to sandy beach systems within PEINP, are reviewed in the context of the shoreline changes attributed to Fiona. The effectiveness of these policies and practices are evaluated to inform the potential performance of beach-foredune systems as natural protection measures that mitigate the impacts of large-magnitude storms and relative sea-level rise (RSLR) on shoreline change. The analyses utilise survey data, ground photography, and unoccupied aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery collected before (October 2021 to July 2022) and after (October 2022 and May 2023) Fiona. In general, the largest dunes were characterised by erosion of the stoss slope, with landward retreat of the dune toe by < 6 m and minimal impact on crest height and position. Small foredunes (< 5 m in height) generally showed significantly greater erosion in terms of dune profiles, with dune breaching occurring at some locations. Foredunes perched on bedrock and till, which were typically smallest in size, were subject to complete erosion, thereby exposing the hard underlying surface. Overall, the impact of Fiona on sandy beach systems in PEINP was relatively modest in many locations, reflecting the success of existing management policies and practices that protect and maintain the integrity of foredunes by minimizing human impacts and avoiding ‘coastal squeeze’.
Anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection system for airports: aviation and national security perspective
Authors: Anghuwo John Shivute , Imanuel Peter , Nangolo Sam Shimakeleni 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles gained significant popularity in the last decade as demonstrated by their wide usage in various fields. From around the year 2001, the usage of unmanned aerial vehicles’ technology was mainly confined to law enforcement agencies such as the military, police, and customs. In the contemporary, terrorists have also been observed to be using unmanned aerial vehicles to attack aviation facilities. The current paper examines the levels of vulnerability of the Namibian airports to possible intrusion and attack from unmanned aerial vehicles, a situation that could pose a serious threat to aviation and national security. Adopting a qualitative research approach, the study made use of a questionnaire and semi-structured interview guide to collect primary data from the participants. Microsoft Excel was used to analyse the data. The study establishes that Namibian airports are prone to attacks from unmanned aerial vehicles as there are no anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection systems installed at all airports in the country. Thus, there is clear evidence that the Namibia Civil Aviation Authority and the Namibian Airport Company’s regulations and policies on aviation safety and security did not prioritise the installation of anti-unmanned aerial vehicle detection systems at all airports in Namibia. The paper suggests that, in order to enhance aviation safety and security, a joint civil/military Information Technology Unit, responsible for spoofing, detection, and the monitoring of illicit unmanned aerial vehicle operations should be set up and operations activated at all airports and other public infrastructures in Namibia.
Physical contact stress can trigger larval release in the brooding coral Siderastrea stellata
Authors: Grillo Ana Carolina , Longo Guilherme Ortigara 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAbiotic and biotic stressors are known to trigger reproductive activities in several aquatic organisms. In reef environments, physical contact as a response to competition for space on the benthos is a common stressor among sessile organisms, often leading to severe tissue damage and even mortality due to biological and chemical mechanisms. However, the effect of physical stress on coral reproduction has received less attention. In this study, we observed colonies of the scleractinian coral Siderastrea stellata releasing larvae in response to physical contact with the zoantharian Palythoa caribaeorum. Organisms were collected from reefs in Brazil and taken to the laboratory, where competition through physical contact was simulated in tanks by placing the two species in direct contact for 72 h. During this period, seven out of eight corals that were in physical contact with the zoantharian released larvae, showing tissue discoloration and a marked decrease in photosynthetic efficiency. Only one of the other eight colonies held as a control with no physical contact released larvae, indicating that physical contact may have been the trigger for larval release. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of physical contact-induced larval release in a scleractinian species, providing grounds for further investigating the potential mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.
Breast Cancer Knowledge Among Amish and Mennonite Women
Authors: Thomas Melissa K. , Gilligan Ashleigh , Lawson Jenna , Lau Ted 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis for women in the USA and ranks second in cancer-related deaths. Disproportionately higher breast cancer rates can be found in rural and Appalachian regions due to several social drivers of health, including poverty, access to healthcare, and lack of culturally sensitive health education. Amish and Mennonite communities, religious groups with distinct cultural practices and beliefs, experience lower mammography screening and higher breast cancer mortality rates (among Amish women). This study focuses on knowledge about breast cancer and causes of cancer among Amish and Mennonite women. A total of 473 women participated in the study at 26 separate women’s health clinics throughout Ohio, consisting of 348 Amish and 121 Mennonite women, the largest study conducted on breast cancer knowledge spanning dozens of communities. Statistically significant differences were found in total knowledge scores between Amish and Mennonite women (rpb = .178, n = 466, p = .007), with Amish women having lower scores and stronger beliefs in myths associated with breast cancer cause and symptoms (χ(1) = 7.558, p = .006). Both groups often provided scientifically accurate descriptions of cancer etiology. The majority of participants underestimated breast cancer risk, highlighting the need for culturally appropriate health education programs that consider numeracy and health literacy. By implementing targeted interventions and fostering partnerships with community stakeholders using a multifaceted approach that incorporates cultural sensitivity, community engagement, and collaboration, significant progress can be made towards reducing breast cancer disparities and improving health outcomes.
Using Density and Fuzzy Clustering for Data Cleaning and Segmental Description of Livestock Data
Authors: Skjerve Torgunn Aslaug , Klemetsdal Gunnar , Åby Bente Aspeholen , Sommerseth Jon Kristian , Indahl Ulf Geir , Olsen Hanne Fjerdingby 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe cluster algorithms density-based clustering with noise and fuzzy c-means were used to edit and group a large, noisy data set from a livestock herd recording scheme consisting of slaughter records on 73,743 bulls. Density-based clustering with noise was used for data selection with $$\epsilon =0.06$$

ϵ
=
0.06

and minPts $$=$$
=
8. The remaining data ($${n} = 65{,}446$$

n
=
65
,
446

) was exposed to a fuzzy c-means analysis to partition data based on three variables: Age at slaughter, carcass weight, and average daily carcass gain. Appropriate number of clusters was chosen by the maximum value of the modified partition coefficient ($${k} = 3$$

k
=
3

clusters). Cluster validation for both hard cluster assignment and cluster membership was performed with linear models and a permutation test. The three clusters had centroid values for slaughter age and carcass weight interpreted as: Part of production systems characterized by high bull turnover (Cluster 1), production systems aiming for heavy slaughter weights (Cluster 2), and a less intensive system with higher roughage proportions (Cluster 3). The results show that the approach can be successfully combined to segment meaningful groups from large, noisy industry data, exemplified by the description of slaughter performance records. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Vertical Strength Transfer Phenomenon Between Upper Body and Lower Body Exercise: Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Curovic Ivan , Rhodes David , Alexander Jill , Harper Damian J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
There are a myriad of exercise variations in which upper body (UB) and lower body (LB) exercises have been intermittently used. However, it is still unclear how training of one body region (e.g. LB) affects adaptations in distant body areas (e.g. UB), and how different UB and LB exercise configurations could help facilitate physiological adaptations of either region; both referred to in this review as vertical strength transfer.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the existence of the vertical strength transfer phenomenon as a response to various UB and LB exercise configurations and to identify potential mechanisms underpinning its occurrence.

Methods
A systematic search using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) for Scoping Reviews protocol was conducted in February 2024 using four databases (Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL) to identify peer-reviewed articles that investigated the vertical strength transfer phenomenon.

Results
Of the 5242 identified articles, 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that the addition of UB strength training to LB endurance exercise may help preserve power-generating capacity for the leg muscle fibres. Furthermore, systemic endocrine responses to high-volume resistance exercise may beneficially modulate adaptations in precedingly or subsequently trained muscles from a different body region, augmenting their strength gains. Last, strength training for LB could result in improved strength of untrained UB, likely due to the increased central neural drive.

Conclusions
Vertical strength transfer existence is enabled by neurophysiological mechanisms. Future research should involve athletic populations, examining the potential of vertical strength transfer to facilitate athletic performance and preserve strength in injured extremities.
The role of contextual and individual factors in successful e-learning experiences during and after the pandemic – a two-year study
Authors: Maican Cătălin Ioan , Cazan Ana Maria , Cocoradă Elena , Dovleac Lavinia , Lixăndroiu Radu Constantin , Maican Maria Anca , Cocoradă Sorin Alexandru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe main aim of this study is to examine university students’ satisfaction with remote learning, analysing their socio-demographic and personal factors, the perception of online interactivity and of the online means used by academics considering two important moments: one academic year from the pandemic period (2020–2021) and one from the post-pandemic period (2022–2023). The sample included 1493 university students in a cross-sectional correlation research design. We found significant direct effects of techno-creators and techno-inhibitors on satisfaction, and of e-learning use on satisfaction. Technostress inhibitors have significant positive effects on e-learning use, learning engagement and negative effects on technostress creators. The relationship between technostress creators and satisfaction is partially mediated by learning engagement and e-learning use. Uncertainty has mediated effects on e-learning satisfaction. The results show that students expected almost all the features of the platforms to be used more in 2022–2023, when classes became preponderantly face-to-face. The results are slightly different during the two years of the analysis.
Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Fully Mechanized Cut-to-Length (CTL) Harvesting Operations of Industrial Roundwood: A Review
Authors: Kärhä Kalle , Eliasson Lars , Kühmaier Martin , Spinelli Raffaele 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The aim of this literature review was to bring together the most relevant and recent research information on the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions caused by the fully mechanized cut-to-length (CTL) harvesting machinery when applied to industrial roundwood. A specific aim of this review was to describe the effect of different independent variables on fuel consumption in fully mechanized CTL wood-harvesting operations.

Recent Findings
The review showed that the engine power of CTL forest machines accounts for most of the variance in the hourly fuel consumption of both harvesters and forwarders. We underline that the cubic-metre-based fuel consumption of CTL forest machines is correlated to the same factors that affect work productivity. Among all influencing factors, the average stem size, removal intensity and silvicultural treatment have the strongest effect on the fuel consumption per m3 incurred with felling-processing, whereas forwarding distance, removal intensity and payload size are the main drivers of fuel consumption per m3 as incurred with extraction. Further influencing factors are soil type (mineral soil or peatland), use of tracks, assortment type and machine size. Together with those factors, the role of the machine operator remains crucial and is dependent on two separate skills: the capacity to achieve high productivity, and that to apply fuel-saving driving techniques.

Summary
The easiest way to reduce the carbon footprint of CTL harvesting machines is to increase the productivity of the harvesting work, for example by giving machine operator-specific training to utilize more efficient work methods and economic energy-efficient driving techniques. Furthermore, several other measures to reduce the carbon footprint of CTL harvesting operations were discussed in this review. Finally, we recommend that all essential variables that have a significant impact on the productivity of harvesting work, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are reported in study papers in the future.