bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia (7)
Authors: Singelyn François J. , Governeur Jean‐Marie A. 
Published: September 2010

Extended “three‐in‐one” block after total knee arthroplasty: continuous versus patient‐controlled techniques. (St. Luc Hospital, Brussels, Belgium) Anesth Analg 2000;91:176–180.This prospective, randomized, doubled‐blinded study assessed the efficacy of patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) techniques for an extended “3‐in‐1” block after total knee arthroplasty. A total of 45 patients were divided into 3 groups of 15. Over 48 h, all patients received 0.125% bupivacaine with 1 μg/mL clonidine via a femoral nerve sheath catheter in the following manner: as a continuous infusion at 10 mL/h in Group 1; as a continuous infusion at 5 mL/h plus PCA boluses (2.5 mL/30 min) in Group 2; or as PCA boluses only (10 mL/60 min) in Group 3. Pain scores, sensory block, supplemental analgesia, bupivacaine consumption, side effects, and satisfaction scores were recorded. Pain scores and supplemental analgesia were comparable in the three groups. Bupivacaine consumption was significantly less in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (P < 0.01), and in Group 3 than in Group 2 (P < 0.01). Side effects and satisfaction were comparable in the 3 groups. Conclude that extended “3‐in‐1” block provides efficient pain relief after total knee arthroplasty and that, compared with a continuous infusion, PCA techniques reduce the total anesthetic consumption without compromise in patient satisfaction or visual analog scale scores. Of the 2 PCA techniques tested, PCA boluses (10‐mL lockout; time 60 min) of 0.125% bupivacaine with 1 μg/mL clonidine was associated with the smallest local anesthetic consumption, and is, therefore, the recommended extended “3‐in‐1” block technique. Comment by Octavio Calvillo, MD, PhD.In a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded study, the authors studied the efficacy of the 3 in 1 block in a group of patients that had undergone total knee arthroplasty. Patients were allocated to 3 groups; all patients had a catheter implanted in the femoral sheath. Over 48 h all patients received 0.125% bupivacaine with 1 μg/mL clonidine. Group 1 received the mixture as a continuous infusion at 10 mL/h. Group 2 received a continuous infusion at 5 mL/h plus PCA boluses (2.5 mL/30 min). Group 3 received 10 mL of solution per 60 min. Pain scores, supplemental analgesia side effects, and patient satisfaction were comparable in all groups. Bupivacaine consumption was significantly lower in Group 2 and Group 3 as compared to Group 1 (P < 0.01). Of the PCA techniques studied, the regimen involving 10 mL per h was associated with the lowest local anesthesia consumption and is, therefore, the recommended technique for extended 3 in 1 block.
Orthopedics (70)
Authors: Lin: Chia‐Chin 
Published: September 2010

Applying the American Pain Society's QA standards to evaluate the quality of pain management among surgical, oncology, and hospice inpatients in Taiwan. (Taipei Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan) Pain 2000;87:43–49.The purpose of this study was two‐fold: first, to apply the American Pain Society (APS) outcome questionnaire to examine and compare the quality of pain management provided in surgical, oncology, and hospice inpatient units in the Taipei area of Taiwan, and second, to provide baseline data of pain management quality in advance of the implementation of national guidelines for cancer pain management. Data revealed that hospice patients reported that they received pain medication within 15 min after they complained of pain. However, a large number of patients never asked for pain medication during hospitalization. Moreover, most patients never requested medication changes even when their perception was that their medication was not effective. The findings of this study may provide support for the effectiveness of hospices in Taiwan in pain management and provide information on the validity of the APS quality standards.
Orthopedics (71)
Authors: Boos Norbert , Semmer Norbert , Elfering: Achim 
Published: September 2010

Natural history of individuals with asymptomatic disc abnormalities in magnetic resonance imaging: predictors of low back pain‐related medical consultation and work capacity. (University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland) Spine 2000;25:1484–1492.This prospective study involved 46 asymptomatic individuals who had a high rate of disc herniations (73%) that were observed for an average of 5 years. Four classes of variable were assessed at baseline and follow‐up. Disc herniations and neural compromise did not significantly worsen at follow‐up, whereas disc degeneration progresses in 17 individuals (41.5%). Minor episodes of low back pain occurred in 19 individuals (41.3%), 6 of whom had to seek medical treatment and 5 of whom had to stop work temporarily. The requirement for low back pain‐related medical consultation was predicted with high accuracy by listlessness, job satisfaction, and working in shifts (P < 0.001). Work capacity was best predicted by physical job characteristics, job disaffection, and working in shifts (P < 0.001). Conclude that physical job characteristics and psychological aspects of work were more powerful than magnetic resonance imaging‐identified disc abnormalities in predicting the need for low back pain‐related medical consultation and the resultant work incapacity. However, the conclusions are still preliminary, and replication of the findings in larger and more representative study samples is needed.
Orthopedics (73)
Authors: Fanuele Jason C. , Birkmeyer Nancy J.O. , Abdu William A. , Tosteson Tor D. , Weinstein: James N. 
Published: September 2010

The impact of spinal problems on the health status of patients: have we underestimated the effect? (Dartmouth‐Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire) Spine 2000;25:1509–1514.This prospective study involved 17,774 patients who consulted spine centers and aimed to qualify the effect that spinal diagnoses have on patient's physical functional status (SF‐36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) score) compared with other common conditions and to qualify the effects of comorbidities on physical functional status in spine patients. The study patients were a mean of 47.5 years of age, 54.7% were female, 52.3% had lumbosacral diagnoses, and 82% has had 3 or more months of pain. The population had a mean PCS score of 30.4 ± 9.95 (SD) compared with 50.0 ± 10.00 for the general United States population. The more comorbidities in a patient, the lower the PCS score (Spearman rank correlation = −0.27). The 5 comorbid conditions that lowered the PCS the most included congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus. Conclude the PCS score is greatly affected in patients with spinal problems. The study population's OCS was lower or similar to the PCS for patients with other illnesses reported in the literature. Further, the presence of comorbidity in spine patients adds to the burden of spinal conditions on functional status.
Orthopedics (77)
Authors: Carragee Eugene J. , Chen Yung , Tanner Cary M. , Hayward Chris , Rossi Michael , Hagle: Chad 
Published: September 2010

Can discography cause long‐term back symptoms in previously asymptomatic subjects? (Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA) Spine 2000;25:1803–1808.This prospective controlled study aimed to determine whether discography might cause long‐term low back symptoms in selected patients. Twenty‐six patients without preexisting low back pain were observed for 1 year after lumbar discography to determine the effects of lumbar discography in 3 experimental groups: 10 patients who had remote cervical spine surgery with excellent results (pain‐free group); 10 patients who had the same surgery with poor results (chronic pain group); and 6 patients who had primary somatization disorders. Two control groups were also observed: a group of patients with somatization disorder who were similarly evaluated but without discography and a group of patients with low back pain observed for 1 year after discography without surgery. In the 3 experimental groups (no back pain before discography) no subject with normal psychometric testing had persistent pain after discography (0/11), whereas 6 (40%) of the 15 with abnormal psychometric tests results reported significant new low back pain. None of the pain‐free group (0/10), 20% of the chronic neck pain group (2/10), and 66% of the somatization group (4/6) continued to have significant back pain 1 year after injection. Psychological testing and occupational disability strongly predicted continued pain after discography. The control groups had no significant change in low back symptomatology during the year of observation. Conclude that discography in a subject group without low back pain, but with significant emotional and chronic pain problems may result in reports of significant back pain for at least 1 year after injection. Subjects with normal psychometric test results had no reports of significant long‐term back pain after discography.
Pediatrics (80)
Authors: Wilson J.M. , Wise R. , Klein M.D. 
Published: September 2010

Palliative care for children. (American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL) Pediatrics 2000;106:351–357.This article presented an integrated model for providing palliative care for children living with a life‐threatening or terminal condition. Advice on the development of a palliative care plan and on working with parents and children is also provided. Barriers to the provision of effective pediatric palliative care and potential solutions are identified. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the development and broad availability of pediatric palliative care services based on child‐specific guidelines and standards. Such services will require widely distributed and effective palliative care education of pediatric health care professionals. The Academy offers guidance on responding to requests for hastening death, but does not support the practice of physician‐assisted suicide or euthanasia of children.
Pharmacology (82)
Authors: Eckhardt Klaus , Ammon Susanne , Hofmann Ute , Riebe Anja , Gugeler Nadja , Mikus: Gerd 
Published: September 2010

Gabapentin enhances the analgesic effect of morphine in healthy volunteers. (Dr. Margarete Fischer Bosch Institut fuer Klinische Pharmakologie, Stuttgart, Germany) Anesth Analg 2000;91:185–191.This randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded study investigated the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction of Gabapentin (GBP) and morphine in 12 healthy male volunteers. Morphine (60 mg, controlled release) or placebo was administered at 8:00 a.m., and GBP (600 mg) or placebo was administered at 10:00 a.m., thus comparing the analgesic effect of placebo + GBP (600 mg) with placebo + placebo and morphine (60 mg) + GBP in comparison to morphine plus placebo by using the cold pressor test. The duration and intensity of the side effects were assessed by using visual analog scales. The analgesic effect was evaluated by the change in the area under the curve of pain tolerance. Placebo + GBP did not present any significant analgesic effect compared with placebo + placebo. A siginificant increase in pain tolerance was observed comparing the combination of morphine and GBP with morphine and placebo. The observed adverse events after placebo + GBP were not significantly different compared with placebo + placebo. Morphine + placebo led to the expected opioid‐mediated side effects. They were significantly more pronounced compared with placebo + placebo, but did not differ significantly compared with the combination of morphine + GBP. Concerning the pharmacokinetic variables of morphine and its glucuronides, no significant difference between morphine + placebo and morphine + GBP was observed, whereas the area under the curve of GBP significantly increased, and apparent oral clearance and apparent renal clearance of GBP decreased when morphine was administered concomitantly. These results suggest 2 different sites for the pharmacokinetic interaction—1 at the level of absoption and the other at the level of elimination. The study reveals both a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction between morphine and GBP, leading to an increased analgesic effect of morphine + GBP. These results and the good tolerability of GBP should favor clinical trials investigating the clinical relevance of the combination of morphine and GBP for treating severe pain.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (85)
Authors: Dursun Erbil , Dursun Nigar , Ural Canan Eksi , Çakci: Aytül 
Published: September 2010

Glenohumeral joint subluxation and reflex sympathetic dystrophy in hemiplegic patients. (Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey) Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999; 81:944–946.This is a case‐controlled study of the relationship between glenohumeral joint subluxation and reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) in hemiplegic patients set in an inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Thirty‐five hemiplegic patients with RSD (RSD group) and 35 hemiplegic patients without RSD (non‐RSD group) were included in this study. Patients with rotator cuff rupture, brachial plexus injury, or spasticity greater than stage 2 on the Ashworth scale were excluded. Both the RSD and non‐RSD groups were assessed for presence and grade of subluxation from radiographs using a 5‐point categorization. The degree of shoulder pain of the non‐RSD group was assessed by a visual analogue scale of 10 points. Glenohumeral subluxation was found in 74.3% of the RSD group and 40% of the non‐RSD group (P = 0.004). In the non‐RSD group, 78.6% of the patients with subluxation and 38.1% of the patients without subluxation reported shoulder pain (P = 0.019). No correlation was found between the degree of shoulder pain and grade of subluxation in the non‐RSD group (P = 0.152). Conclude that the findings suggest that shoulder subluxation may be a causative factor for RSD. Therefore, prevention and appropriate treatment of glenohumeral joint subluxation should be included in rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients. Comment by Miles Day, MD.The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between shoulder subluxation in hemiplegic patients and reflex sympathetic dystrophy. They also examined if subluxation is associated with shoulder pain and the grade of subluxation in patients with subluxation and no reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD). Patients with injuries to the rotator cuff of the brachial plexus, marked spasticity, and major trauma to joint structures were excluded as these can be precipitating factors for RSD. The study noted a significantly higher presence of shoulder subluxation within the RSD group and the presence of pain was significantly high in patients with shoulder subluxation in the non‐RSD group. The take home message of this article is that any measure or treatment that can be applied to the glenohumeral joint should be performed to eliminate the possibility of the patient developing RSD and subsequently hindering further rehabilitation in these patients.
Clinical and microbiological effects of mechanical instrumentation and local antimicrobials during periodontal supportive therapy in aggressive periodontitis patients: smoker versus non‐smoker patients
Authors: Guarnelli Maria Elena , Farina Roberto , Cucchi Alessandro , Trombelli Leonardo 
Published: September 2010

Guarnelli ME, Farina R, Cucchi A, Trombelli L. Clinical and microbiological effects of mechanical instrumentation and local antimicrobials during periodontal supportive therapy in aggressive periodontitis patients: smoker versus non‐smoker patients. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 998–1004. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2010.01623.x.AbstractAim: To compare the clinical and microbiological effects of ultrasonic mechanical instrumentation (UMI) associated to home‐care use of amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF2)‐containing mouthrinse and toothpaste in smoker and non‐smoker patients affected by generalized aggressive periodontitis (G‐AgP) during a recall session of supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).Material and Methods: Thirteen smokers and 25 non‐smokers G‐AgP patients enrolled in an SPT programme received a single session of UMI associated with home‐care use of AmF/SnF2‐containing mouthrinse and toothpaste. Clinical and microbiological parameters were assessed pre‐treatment, at 6 and 12 weeks post‐treatment.Results: In both groups, UMI plus AmF/SnF2‐implemented oral hygiene use determined a significant decrease of total bacterial counts, with non‐smokers exhibiting a lower count compared with smokers at 12 weeks. No significant differences were observed between smokers and non‐smokers in the counts of total pathogens and red complex species at each observation interval. Clinically, a significant reduction of supragingival plaque, gingival inflammation and probing pocket depth was similarly observed in both groups.Conclusions: A combined mechanical/chemical plaque control approach based on UMI and the use of AmF/SnF2 agents resulted in the reduction of supragingival plaque deposits, gingival inflammation and subgingival periodontal pathogens in G‐AgP patients during SPT, with no substantial difference between smokers and non‐smokers.
Development of an in vitro coculture of primary sensitive pig neurons and keratinocytes for the study of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation
Authors: Pereira Ulysse , Boulais Nicholas , Lebonvallet Nicholas , Lefeuvre Luc , Gougerot Agnès , Misery Laurent 
Published: September 2010

Please cite this paper as: Development of an in vitro coculture of primary sensitive pig neurons and keratinocytes for the study of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 931–935.Abstract:  Cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) is often associated with skin disorders. Activated sensory neurons secrete neuropeptides, such as substance P (SP), which initiate or aggravate inflammation in the skin. The discovery of new molecules acting on these neurons is hampered by the difficulty of reproducing the interactions between nerve endings and skin in vitro. We developed an in vitro model based on the coculture of porcine primary keratinocytes and sensory neurons, which mimics skin innervation. To test the relevance of this model, we compared the effects of different substances on CNI by measuring SP secretion in vitro using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay. Collectively, our results indicate that the use of porcine cells could be very useful to perform an in vitro model of CNI. By adding capsaicin, which induces the secretion of SP by neurons, to the culture, we show that our model mimics CNI in vitro, allowing us to screen for molecules that inhibit this inflammatory response. Such a model can be used to test the effects of different substances on CNI and may be useful for dermatological or cosmetic applications. Based on our screen, we found that extracts of Laminaria digitata and Vernonia sublutea inhibit CNI.
TLR‐2‐mediated cytokine and chemokine secretion in human keratinocytes
Authors: Niebuhr Margarete , Baumert Kathrin , Werfel Thomas 
Published: September 2010

Abstract:  The human epidermis provides a first line of defense against exogenous pathogens. Resistance to bacterial skin infections, e.g. with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is based on the function of intact innate immune mechanisms in the epidermis, mainly provided by keratinocytes. They establish the local cytokine and chemokine milieu which is necessary for attracting other cells participating in an immune response. Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐2 recognizes components of S. aureus and is known to be expressed on keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate TLR‐2‐mediated chemokine and cytokine secretion on human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) both on mRNA and on protein level. As there is no selective TLR‐2 ligand known so far, we chose Pam3Cys that acts via TLR‐2/TLR‐1 heterodimers, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) that acts via TLR‐2/TLR‐6 and peptidoglycan (PGN) which acts via TLR‐2 and Nod. Pam3Cys stimulation yielded in an enhanced secretion of CCL20, CCL2, MMP9 and IL‐8 in HPK, whereas stimulation with PGN or LTA showed no or solely slight effects. Our findings show evidence for a functional TLR‐2/TLR‐1 signalling profile in HPKs upon stimulation with Pam3Cys contributing to the defense against bacterial skin infections.
Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change
Authors: Corrigan L. J. , Winfield I. J. , Hoelzel A. R. , Lucas M. C. 
Published: September 2010

Corrigan LJ, Winfield IJ, Hoelzel AR, Lucas MC. Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 5–13. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/SAbstract – In the face of widespread environmental change impacts, there is a need to better understand mechanisms promoting flexibility and resilience of ecosystem components to such change to inform strategies for conservation. Glacial relict species are especially vulnerable to such changes. We investigated the behavioural responses of a native, glacial relict species, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) to long‐term environmental changes. It was hypothesised that changes in feeding behaviour would occur as a key intermediary to reduction in habitat availability (through climate change and eutrophication) or competitive interactions [with introduced roach (Rutilus rutilus)]. Stomach content analysis was used to assess the diet of 199 charr caught from Windermere, United Kingdom, in the months of March, June, September and November 2003–2007. The results were compared to data from 1940 to 1951 prior to the environmental changes and revealed a marked increase in the contribution of benthic invertebrates in the present diet. Stable isotope analysis confirms the results of the stomach analysis, suggesting that the charr have switched their diet from zooplanktivory towards benthivory. We discuss the possibility that habitat modification and roach population expansion in Windermere have contributed to changes in charr diet. Complementary studies suggest that this diet shift is more likely to be a response to the increasing roach population than to habitat modification; however, further study in Windermere would be required to elucidate the exact mechanism. Long‐term data sets such as these provide information that is useful for determining the directivity of ecological change and the capability of species to respond to change.
Effects of camel thorn distillate on recurrent oral aphthous lesions
Authors: Pourahmad Morteza , Rahiminejad Masood , Fadaei Sara , Kashafi Hamed 
Published: September 2010

Summary Background: Near 20 % of people suffer from recurrent oral aphthous ulcers. These painful ulcers are found on the oral mucosa. We conducted this study to evaluate the effect of the camel thorn distillate on this condition. Patients and Methods: 93 patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers were selected and divided into two groups. One group was given a placebo (n = 44) and the other was given camel thorn distillate (n = 49). The diameter of the lesions and the severity of the pain were measured 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after initiation of therapy. The lesion diameters and pain scores of the two groups were compared using the t‐test. Results: Complete resolution time ranged from 3 to 7 days (mean = 4.02) in the group treated with camel thorn distillate, whereas in the control group, complete resolution time ranged from 7 to 14 days (mean = 8.9, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The efficacy of camel thorn distillate is comparable to that of other drugs used to treat oral aphthous ulcers. Its therapeutic effect may be due to the flavanones (alhagitin and alhagidin) that are present in this plant.