bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulforaphane but not ascorbigen, indole‐3‐carbinole and ascorbic acid activates the transcription factor Nrf2 and induces phase‐2 and antioxidant enzymes in human keratinocytes in culture
Authors: Wagner Anika E. , Ernst Insa , Iori Renato , Desel Christine , Rimbach Gerald 
Published: June 2009

Please cite this paper as: Sulforaphane but not ascorbigen, indole‐3‐carbinole, and ascorbic acid activates the transcription factor Nrf2 and induces phase‐2 and antioxidant enzymes in human keratinocytes in culture. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 137–144.Abstract:  Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper transcriptional activator essential for the coordinated transcriptional induction of phase‐2 and antioxidant enzymes. Brassica vegetables contain phytochemicals including glucoraphanin, the precursor of sulforaphane (SFN) and glucobrassicin, the precursor of indole‐3‐carbinole (I3C) and ascorbigen (ABG). The degradation products SFN, I3C and ABG may be capable of inducing cytoprotective genes in skin. In this study, we tested the potency of SFN, ABG and I3C in affecting Nrf2‐dependent gene expression in human keratinocytes in culture. SFN but not ABG and its precursors I3C and ascorbic acid induced Nrf2 dependent gene expression at a relatively low concentration (5 μmol/l). Induction of Nrf2 due to SFN was accompanied by an increase in mRNA and protein levels of NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1, heme oxygenase 1 and γ‐glutamylcysteine‐synthetase. Furthermore, SFN elevated cellular glutathione levels and antagonized tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced NFκB transactivation. Therefore, SFN treatment may present a strategy for enhancing the cellular defense mechanisms in skin.
AMBIENT LIGHTING MODIFIES THE FLAVOR OF WINE
Authors: OBERFELD DANIEL , HECHT HEIKO , ALLENDORF ULRICH , WICKELMAIER FLORIAN 
Published: June 2009

ABSTRACTIt is well known that the color of a beverage can influence its flavor. We conducted three experiments to investigate the effect of the ambient room color on flavor, while leaving the color of the beverage unaltered. We chose white wine as the beverage and used several methods to fully explore the potential role of ambient light. First, a group of wine buyers made judgments on flavor and global liking while tasting a Riesling on site at a local winery. Ambient color influenced the subjective value of the wine. Wine tasted better in blue or red environments as compared with green and white. A second group was tested in the laboratory. Ambient color modified the taste, but not the odor of the wine. The influence of ambient color on flavor was confirmed in a third experiment using the method of paired comparisons.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSIt has become fashionable in architecture and interior design to abandon the classical white or pastel colors that have traditionally been used for wall paint. Bright red and orange colors may prevail in a hip hair salon or a bar may have pink illuminated walls. As the private and public places where beverages are consumed change in ambient color, we should expect the taste experience to change as well. Additionally, our data show that the subjective value of the wine and consequently, the amount of money consumers are willing to spend for it can be influenced by ambient color. Thus, the interior design of, for example, a wine bar should take these effects into consideration.
Managing high‐acuity‐depressed adults in primary care
Authors: Sobczak Janet Ambrogne 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPurpose: To identify strategies for managing high‐acuity‐depressed adults in primary care settings. Patients who do not achieve remission with initial treatment, patients at risk for suicide, and patients with co‐occurring substance use disorders are specifically addressed.Data sources: Scientific literature and evidence‐based practice guidelines.Conclusion: Accurate diagnosis is best accomplished using screening instruments as an adjunct to a thorough history and assessment. The goal of interventions is remission of symptoms as opposed to a partial response. Patient preferences regarding choice of intervention must be considered. Initial pharmacotherapy must include adequate doses and a trial of adequate duration. Patients who do not respond to two medication trials are at risk for suicide and/or have a co‐occurring substance use disorder may require: (a) a combination of medications coupled with psychotherapy; or (b) referral to mental health specialists to achieve the best outcomes.Implications for practice: High‐acuity patients with mental health needs will continue to be seen in primary care settings. Through educational preparation and a patient‐centered focus, advanced practice nurses in primary care settings are in an optimal position to set a high standard of care for complex mental health patients.
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the dung fly (Sepsis cynipsea)
Authors: GREMINGER MAJA P. , SCHÄFER MARTIN A. , NATER ALEXANDER , BLANCKENHORN WOLF U. , KRÜTZEN MICHAEL 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe polyandrous fly Sepsis cynipsea has been used extensively in studies of sexual selection and local adaptation. We isolated and characterized 11 novel microsatellite markers for S. cynipsea from a genomic library and screened 32 flies for polymorphism. All microsatellite markers show high allelic diversity with an average of 9.64 alleles per locus. Two microsatellites were found likely to be X‐linked. These novel markers will significantly advance studies of sexual selection and evolutionary genetics of S. cynipsea and related species, especially given the low numbers of markers currently available in this family.
A multiplex PCR assay for molecular sexing of the naked mole‐rat (Heterocephalus glaber)
Authors: KATSUSHIMA K. , NISHIDA C. , YOSIDA S. , KATO M. , OKANOYA K. , MATSUDA Y. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractFor molecular sexing of the naked mole‐rat (Heterocephalus glaber), we designed a PCR primer set to amplify part of the Y‐linked DBY gene. When this primer set was applied to the samples of known sex with the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) primers as control, PCR products were successfully obtained as two DNA bands in males, a male‐specific 163 bp DBY band and a 446 bp band of 16S rDNA shared with females, whereas females showed only the common band. This result shows that this multiplex PCR assay is useful for sex identification of H. glaber.
Longterm follow‐up of penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus
Authors: Jensen Lene Bang , Hjortdal Jesper , Ehlers Niels 
Published: June 2009

Abstract.Purpose:  This study aims to describe the current visual and refractive status of patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus > 20 years ago and to report on the current status of their grafts.Methods:  A total of 138 eyes in 103 patients were grafted for keratoconus between August 1968 and December 1985. Patients who had not undergone retransplantation were invited to attend a clinical examination. Forty‐eight patients (with 61 grafts) accepted the invitation and were examined.Results:  The average length of time since PK was 26.9 years (standard deviation [SD] 4.2 years, range 20.8–38.0 years, n = 61). The average graft age at examination was 82.1 years (SD 19.9 years, range 41–115 years). A total of 80% (49 of 61 grafts) of the examined eyes had a clear graft and 46% (28 of 61 eyes) had best spectacle‐corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) ≥ 0.5. The mean endothelial cell density per mm2 was 894 (SD 4.6, range 470–1775). The mean central corneal thickness of the clear grafts was 0.565 mm (SD 0.048 mm).Conclusions:  Penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus has a good longterm prognosis; half of the eyes examined in this study had BSCVA ≥ 0.5 at > 20 years after surgery.
Overactive Bladder in Female Patients with Chronic Diseases Visiting Primary Care Doctors: Effect of Age on Prevalence and Bothersomeness
Authors: YOSHIDA Masaki , INADOME Akito , MATSUMOTO Kenshi , OTANI Masayuki , MASUNAGA Koichi , YONO Makoto 
Published: June 2009

Objectives: We evaluated the effects of age on the prevalence and bothersomeness of overactive bladder (OAB) in female patients with chronic diseases visiting primary care doctors.Methods: We used the pooled data of the SURPRISE survey in which 121 doctors and 1388 female patients aged 40 years or older responded to questionnaires.Results: The OAB prevalence rate in patients was estimated by doctors to be 9.5%. However, the OAB prevalence rate according to patients, as defined by the OAB symptom score, was 22.3%. The rate was increased with age. The number of patients with OAB was much higher than estimated by doctors. Approximately 25% of patients were dissatisfied with their present urinary condition. The rate was increased with age. Dissatisfaction with present urinary condition was strongly correlated with severe urgency score in all age groups. In elderly patients, contribution of urgency incontinence and nocturia to dissatisfaction was also increased. Thirteen percent of patients were receiving treatment for their OAB. However, 15.8% were untreated, regardless of having OAB, suggesting that treated patients comprise less than half of all OAB patients. This tendency was observed in all age groups. In the correlation between satisfaction with pharmacological treatment and each OAB symptom, contribution of urgency to satisfaction with pharmacological treatment was the highest.Conclusion: Urgency is the most bothersome symptom and shows the highest contribution to treatment satisfaction. In elderly patients, urgency incontinence and nocturia are proportionally greater problems. Management of urgency is essential for improving quality of life and satisfaction with treatment in OAB patients.
Ischemia/Reperfusion Effects on Bladder Muscle and Mucosa Cell Contractile Regulatory Proteins
Authors: JUAN Yungshun , SHEN Jungtsung , CHUANG Shumien , KOGAN Barry A. , HUANG Chunhsiung , WU Wenjeng , LIU Kehmin , LEVIN Robert M. 
Published: June 2009

Objectives: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) has been shown to be the major etiologic factor in animal models in a variety of bladder dysfunctions. Herein we investigate the direct effect of I/R on rabbit bladder contractile regulatory proteins.Methods: Male rabbit bladders were subjected to IR. The contractile responses were recorded and the protein levels of rho‐kinase (ROK), caldesmon (CaD) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were analyzed in both bladder muscle and mucosa.Results: For the mucosa layer, ROK was unchanged after ischemia, but increased significantly after 1 week of reperfusion. MLCK increased after ischemia and then significantly increased after 1 and 2 weeks of reperfusion. In the muscle layer, ROK increased at 2 h of reperfusion, decreased significantly following 1 week of reperfusion, then returned to control level by 2 weeks of reperfusion. MLCK expression significantly decreased as early as ischemia alone and did not recover after reperfusion. For CaD expression in the mucosa layer, both CaD isoforms significantly increased at 1 week of reperfusion, then progressively decreased at 2 weeks of reperfusion. In the muscle layer, both CaD isoforms had different expressions. In the muscle layer, smooth muscle caldesmon (h‐CaD) decreased at ischemia alone and at 2 h of reperfusion, but significantly increased at 2 weeks of reperfusion; whereas non‐muscle caldesmon (l‐CaD) significantly decreased at 2 weeks of reperfusion.Conclusion: As bladder muscle and mucosa have markedly different purposes, it is not surprising that they respond differently to I/R. Bladder mucosa and muscle have different kinds of alternations on contractile regulatory proteins.
Comparison of 2 Doses of Recombinant Human Thyrotropin for Thyroid Function Testing in Healthy and Suspected Hypothyroid Dogs
Authors: Boretti F.S. , Sieber‐Ruckstuhl N.S. , Wenger‐Riggenbach B. , Gerber B. , Lutz H. , Hofmann‐Lehmann R. , Reusch C.E. 
Published: June 2009

Background:Various protocols using different doses of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) in TSH stimulation testing have been described. However, the influence of TSH dosage on thyroxine (T4) concentration has not yet been evaluated in suspected hypothyroid dogs.Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of 2 doses of rhTSH.Animals:Fifteen dogs with clinical signs consistent with hypothyroidism and abnormal stimulation results with 75 μg rhTSH and 18 clinically healthy dogs.Methods:All dogs were stimulated with 75 and 150 μg rhTSH IV in a 1st and 2nd stimulation test, respectively. Blood samples were taken before and 6 hours after rhTSH administration for determination of total T4 concentration.Results:Using the higher dose led to a normal test interpretation in 9 of the 15 dogs, in which stimulation had been abnormal using the lower dose. Based on follow‐up information, hypothyroidism was excluded in 7 of these 9 dogs. In all 6 dogs with a blunted response to the higher dose, hypothyroidism could be confirmed. Healthy dogs showed significantly higher post‐TSH T4 concentrations with the higher compared with the lower dose. Post‐TSH T4 concentrations after TSH stimulation were not related to dogs' body weight in either healthy or diseased dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:TSH dose significantly influenced test interpretation in suspected hypothyroid dogs. Differentiation between primary hypothyroidism and nonthyroidal disease was improved with 150 μg rhTSH. Because this effect was independent of the dogs' body weight, the higher dose is recommended in dogs that have concurrent disease or are receiving medication.
Evaluation of Predictors of the Development of Azotemia in Cats
Authors: Jepson R.E. , Brodbelt D. , Vallance C. , Syme H.M. , Elliott J. 
Published: June 2009

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition in geriatric cats. Diagnosis is based on the development of persistent azotemia with inadequate urine concentrating ability. Biomarkers are sought for early identification.Hypothesis:Clinical variables, urine concentrating ability, proteinuria, andN‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase (NAG) index will be predictive of cats at risk of developing azotemia within 12 months.Animals:Client‐owned nonazotemic geriatric (≥9 years) cats.Methods:Prospective longitudinal cohort study monitoring a population of healthy nonazotemic geriatric cats every 6 months until development of azotemia, death, or the study end point (September 30, 2007). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess baseline clinical, biochemical, and urinalysis variables, urine protein to creatinine ratio (UP/C), urine albumin to creatinine (UA/C) ratio, and urinary NAG index as predictors of development of azotemia.Results:One hundred and eighteen cats were recruited with a median age of 13 years. Ninety‐five cats (80.5%) had been followed or reached the study end point by 12 months of which 30.5% (29/95) developed azotemia. Age, systolic blood pressure, plasma creatinine concentration, urine specific gravity, UP/C, UA/C, and NAG index were significantly associated with development of azotemia in the univariable analysis (P≤ .05). However, in the multivariable analysis, only plasma creatinine concentration with either UP/C (Model 1) or UA/C (Model 2) remained significant.Conclusions and Clinical Importance:This study demonstrates a high incidence of azotemia in a population of previously healthy geriatric cats. Proteinuria at presentation was significantly associated with development of azotemia although causal association cannot be inferred. Evaluation of NAG index offered no additional benefit.
Analysis of 8 Sarcomeric Candidate Genes for Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutations in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Meurs K.M. , Norgard M.M. , Kuan M. , Haggstrom J. , Kittleson M. 
Published: June 2009

Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heart disease in cats. Causative mutations have been identified in the Maine Coon (MC) and Ragdoll breed in the cardiac myosin binding protein C gene (MYBPC3). HCM is thought to be inherited in other breeds.Hypothesis: That a causative mutation for HCM in the British Shorthair (BSH), Norwegian Forest (NWF), Siberian, Sphynx, or MC cats would be identified in the exonic and splice site regions of 1 of 8 genes associated with human familial HCM.Animals: Three affected BSH, NWF, Siberians, Sphynx, 2 MC (without the known MC mutation), and 2 Domestic Shorthair cats (controls) were studied.Methods: Prospective, observational study. Exonic and splice site regions of the genes encoding the proteins cardiac troponin I, troponin T, MYBPC3, cardiac essential myosin light chain, cardiac regulatory myosin light chain, α tropomyosin, actin, and β–myosin heavy chain were sequenced. Sequences were compared for nucleotide changes between affected cats, the published DNA sequences, and control cats. Changes were considered to be causative for HCM if they involved a conserved amino acid and changed the amino acid to a different polarity, acid‐base status, or structure.Results: A causative mutation for HCM was not identified, although several single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Mutations within these cardiac genes do not appear to be the only cause of HCM in these breeds. Evaluation of additional cardiac genes is warranted to identify additional molecular causes of this feline cardiac disease.
Flow
Boiling Heat Transfer, Pressure Drop, and Flow Pattern for CO2
in a 3.5mm Horizontal Smooth
Tube
Authors: Park Chang
Yong , Hrnjak Pega 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
C O 2 flow boiling heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop in a 3.5mm horizontal smooth tube are presented. Also, flow patterns were visualized and studied at adiabatic conditions in a 3mm glass tube located immediately after a heat transfer section. Heat was applied by a secondary fluid through two brass half cylinders to the test section tubes. This research was performed at evaporation temperatures of −15°C and −30°C, mass fluxes of 200kg∕m2s and 400kg∕m2s, and heat flux from 5kW∕m2 to 15kW∕m2 for vapor qualities ranging from 0.1 to 0.8. The CO2 heat transfer coefficients indicated the nucleate boiling dominant heat transfer characteristics such as the strong dependence on heat fluxes at a mass flux of 200kg∕m2s. However, enhanced convective boiling contribution was observed at 400kg∕m2s. Surface conditions for two different tubes were investigated with a profilometer, atomic force microscope, and scanning electron microscope images, and their possible effects on heat transfer are discussed. Pressure drop, measured at adiabatic conditions, increased with the increase of mass flux and quality, and with the decrease of evaporation temperature. The measured heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop were compared with general correlations. Some of these correlations showed relatively good agreements with measured values. Visualized flow patterns were compared with two flow pattern maps and the comparison showed that the flow pattern maps need improvement in the transition regions from intermittent to annular flow.
Genomic profile of a secretory breast cancer with anETV6–NTRK3duplication
Authors: Lambros M B K , Tan D S P , Jones R L , Vatcheva R , Savage K , Tamber N , Fenwick K , Mackay A , Ashworth A , Reis-Filho J S 
Published: June 2009

Background:Secretory breast cancer (SBC) is a rare entity characterised by indolent clinical behaviour, distinctive histological features and the presence of a recurrent chromosomal translocation t(12;15)(p13;q25), leading to the formation of theETV6–NTRK3fusion gene.Aim:To describe the molecular genetic features of a case of SBC which harbours a duplication of the t(12;15) translocation.Methods:Tiling path array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using in-house-generated probes forETV6,NTRK3and the fusion genes, centromeric probes for chromosomes 12 and 15, and a commercially available split-apartETV6/NTRK3probe.Results:FISH revealed the presence of a duplication of the translocation t(12;15), which resulted from the gain of one copy of the derivative chromosome der(15)t(12;15), retention of one normal copy of bothETV6andNTRK3genes and deletion of the derivative chromosome der(12)t(12;15). Consistent with FISH findings, aCGH revealed copy number gains ofETV6andNTRK3and deletions encompassing the regions centromeric toETV6and telomeric toNTRK3. Additional regions of copy number changes included gains of 10q21, 10q26.3, 12p13.3–p13.31 15q11–q25.3 and 16pq and losses of 6q24.1–q27, 12p13.2–q12 and 15q25.3–q26.3.Conclusions:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a carcinoma has been shown to harbour a duplication of theETV6–NTRK3translocation. The presence of an additional copy of the derivative chromosome der(15)t(12;15) coupled with deletion of the other derivative der(12)t(12;15) in the modal population of cancer cells suggests that this was either an early phenomenon or conferred additional growth advantage on neoplastic cells.
Triple negative breast cancer: a study from the point of view of basal CK5/6 and HER-1
Authors: Pintens S , Neven P , Drijkoningen M , Van Belle V , Moerman P , Christiaens M-R , Smeets A , Wildiers H , Bempt I Vanden 
Published: June 2009

Aim:Basal-like breast tumours, as defined by microarrays, carry a poor prognosis and therapeutic options are limited to date. Often, these tumours are defined as oestrogen receptor (ER) negative/progesterone receptor (PR) negative/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative (triple negative) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), but a more complete definition should include expression of basal cytokeratins (CK5/6, CK14 or CK17) and/or human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (HER-1). The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent CK5/6 and HER-1 characterise the group of triple negative breast cancers.Methods:Expression of CK5/6 and HER-1 was studied by IHC in 25 triple negative breast carcinomas and 32 grade-matched, non-triple-negative controls. All 57 cases were further subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridisation to investigateHER-1gene copy number.Results:CK5/6 and HER-1 expression was most frequent in triple negative tumours: 22 out of 25 cases (88.0%) expressed at least one of these markers (60.0% CK5/6 positive and 52.0% HER-1 positive). In the control group, CK5/6 and HER-1 expression was found in ER-negative but not in ER-positive tumours (ER negative/PR negative/HER-2 positive tumours: 20.0% CK5/6 positive and 46.7% HER-1 positive).HER-1gene amplification was found in five cases only: four triple negative (16.0%) and one ER-negative control (ER negative/PR negative/HER-2 positive, 6.7%). Of interest, all fiveHER-1amplified cases showed a remarkably homogeneous HER-1 expression pattern.Conclusion:Expression of CK5/6 and HER-1 is frequent in ER-negative breast cancers, in triple negative and in non-triple negative tumours. In a minority of cases, HER-1 overexpression may be caused byHER-1gene amplification. Further studies are needed to investigate whether such cases might benefit from anti-HER-1 therapy