bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of obesity paradox in patients with chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus: a propensity‐matched study
Authors: Adamopoulos Chris , Meyer Philippe , Desai Ravi V. , Karatzidou Kyparissi , Ovalle Fernando , White Michel , Aban Inmaculada , Love Thomas E. , Deedwania Prakash , Anker Stefan D. , Ahmed Ali 
Published: October 2010

AimsObesity is paradoxically associated with survival benefit in patients with chronic heart failure (HF). However, obesity complicates the management of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is common in HF. Yet, little is known about the impact of obesity in HF patients with DM. Therefore, we examined the association between obesity and outcomes in propensity‐matched cohorts of HF patient with and without DM.Methods and resultsOf the 7788 participants with chronic mild to moderate HF in the Digitalis Investigation Group trial, 7379 were non‐cachectic [body mass index (BMI) ≥20 kg/m2] at baseline. Of these, 2153 (29%) had DM, of whom 798 (37%) were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Of the 5226 patients without DM, 1162 (22%) were obese. Propensity scores for obesity were used to separately assemble 636 pairs of obese and non‐obese patients with DM and 770 pairs of obese and non‐obese patients without DM, who were balanced on 32 baseline characteristics. Among matched patients with DM, all‐cause mortality occurred in 38 and 39% of obese and non‐obese patients, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) when obesity was compared with no obesity 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–1.22; P = 0.915]. Among matched patients without DM, all‐cause mortality occurred in 23 and 27% obese and non‐obese patients, respectively (HR associated with obesity 0.77; 95% CI 0.61–0.97; P = 0.025).ConclusionIn patients with chronic mild to moderate HF and DM, obesity confers no paradoxical survival benefit. Whether intentional weight loss may improve outcomes in these patients needs to be investigated in future prospective studies.
Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the ugly
Authors: Murawski Steven A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Murawski, S. A. 2010. Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: the good, the bad, and, mostly, the ugly. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1830–1840. Recovery of depleted fish populations has become an important theme in national and international negotiations and commitments regarding sustainability. Although up to 63% of fish stocks worldwide may be in need of rebuilding, only 1% are currently classified as “rebuilding”, and fewer yet have been “rebuilt”. Recent history in stock recovery provides a rich source of examples of rebuilding plans across a spectrum of execution (“good”, “bad”, “ugly”, and “in progress”). Of 24 depleted stocks with formal plans that successfully reduced the fishing mortality, all but one exhibited signs of recovery. The median instantaneous annual rate of biomass recovery (0.16) was similar to the rate of depletion (−0.14) experienced, but stocks with more vulnerable life histories recovered substantially slower than they had been depleted. Most successful rebuilding programmes have incorporated substantial, measurable reductions in fishing mortality at the onset, rather than relying on incremental small reductions over time. A particularly vexing issue is the differential pace of recovery among relatively productive and unproductive components of mixed-species fisheries. Rebuilding the majority of stocks classified worldwide as “overfished” will take a more effective, consistent, and politically supported stock-recovery paradigm, if society is eventually to meet its articulated sustainability goals for global fisheries.
Shell strength and fishing damage to the smooth clam (Callista chione): simulating impacts caused by bivalve dredging
Authors: Vasconcelos Paulo , Morgado-André António , Morgado-André Carlos , Gaspar Miguel B. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Vasconcelos, P., Morgado-André, A., Morgado-André, C., and Gaspar, M. B. 2011. Shell strength and fishing damage to the smooth clam (Callista chione): simulating impacts caused by bivalve dredging. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 32–42. The smooth clam Callista chione is exploited by a fleet of dredgers along the southwestern coast of Portugal and suffers from a high incidence of shell damage. The force required to break C. chione shells in relation to fishing impacts and dredge damage is quantified. Fishing trials and shell-strength measurements (compression and compaction experiments) were performed to determine whether shell damage was attributable to the direct impact of the dredge teeth or to sediment compaction. A three-dimensional model of C. chione was subjected to simulated force by the finite element method. Analyses of damage areas and breakage patterns revealed two groups of samples, one containing the samples from compression experiments and another with the samples from dredging and compaction experiments, suggesting that most shell damage was attributable to compaction within the sediment. Information is provided to help improve the design of bivalve dredges, by increasing both length and angle of the dredge teeth, which would reduce the compaction force and distribute it differentially within the sediment, forcing upward movement of the bivalves.
How uncertain are climate model projections of water availability indicators across the Middle East?
Authors: Hemming Debbie , Buontempo Carlo , Burke Eleanor , Collins Mat , Kaye Neil 
Published: October 2010

The projection of robust regional climate changes over the next 50 years presents a considerable challenge for the current generation of climate models. Water cycle changes are particularly difficult to model in this area because major uncertainties exist in the representation of processes such as large-scale and convective rainfall and their feedback with surface conditions. We present climate model projections and uncertainties in water availability indicators (precipitation, run-off and drought index) for the 1961–1990 and 2021–2050 periods. Ensembles from two global climate models (GCMs) and one regional climate model (RCM) are used to examine different elements of uncertainty. Although all three ensembles capture the general distribution of observed annual precipitation across the Middle East, the RCM is consistently wetter than observations, especially over the mountainous areas. All future projections show decreasing precipitation (ensemble median between −5 and −25%) in coastal Turkey and parts of Lebanon, Syria and Israel and consistent run-off and drought index changes. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) GCM ensemble exhibits drying across the north of the region, whereas the Met Office Hadley Centre work Quantifying Uncertainties in Model ProjectionsAtmospheric (QUMP-A) GCM and RCM ensembles show slight drying in the north and significant wetting in the south. RCM projections also show greater sensitivity (both wetter and drier) and a wider uncertainty range than QUMP-A. The nature of these uncertainties suggests that both large-scale circulation patterns, which influence region-wide drying/wetting patterns, and regional-scale processes, which affect localized water availability, are important sources of uncertainty in these projections. To reduce large uncertainties in water availability projections, it is suggested that efforts would be well placed to focus on the understanding and modelling of both large-scale processes and their teleconnections with Middle East climate and localized processes involved in orographic precipitation.
Global Gene Profiling of Laser-Captured Pollen Mother Cells Indicates Molecular Pathways and Gene Subfamilies Involved in Rice Meiosis
Authors: Tang Xiang , Zhang Zhi-Yong , Zhang Wen-Juan , Zhao Xing-Ming , Li Xuan , Zhang Dong , Liu Qiao-Quan , Tang Wei-Hua 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Pollen mother cells (PMCs) represent a critical early stage in plant sexual reproduction in which the stage is set for male gamete formation. Understanding the global molecular genetics of this early meiotic stage has so far been limited to whole stamen or floret transcriptome studies, but since PMCs are a discrete population of cells in developmental synchrony, they provide the potential for precise transcriptome analysis and for enhancing our understanding of the transition to meiosis. As a step toward identifying the premeiotic transcriptome, we performed microarray analysis on a homogenous population of rice (Oryza sativa) PMCs isolated by laser microdissection and compared them with those of tricellular pollen and seedling. Known meiotic genes, including OsSPO11-1, PAIR1, PAIR2, PAIR3, OsDMC1, OsMEL1, OsRAD21-4, OsSDS, and ZEP1, all showed preferential expression in PMCs. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways significantly enriched in PMC-preferential genes are DNA replication and repair pathways. Our genome-wide survey showed that, in the buildup to meiosis, PMCs accumulate the molecular machinery for meiosis at the mRNA level. We identified 1,158 PMC-preferential genes and suggested candidate genes and pathways involved in meiotic recombination and meiotic cell cycle control. Regarding the developmental context for meiosis, the DEF-like, AGL2-like, and AGL6-like subclades of MADS box transcription factors are PMC-preferentially expressed, the trans-zeatin type of cytokinin might be preferentially synthesized, and the gibberellin signaling pathway is likely active in PMCs. The ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathway is enriched in the 127 genes that are expressed in PMCs but not in tricellular pollen or seedling.
Decreased bone density in men on methadone maintenance therapy
Authors: Grey Andrew , Rix‐Trott Karla , Horne Anne , Gamble Greg , Bolland Mark , Reid Ian R. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims Opioid use may impact adversely upon skeletal health. Participants in methadone maintenance programmes commonly have prolonged exposure to opioids. We sought to determine whether participants in a methadone maintenance programme have evidence of altered bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover.Design Cross‐sectional study of people taking methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).Setting Clinical research centre.Participants Eighty‐three people (48 men, 35 women) who had taken MMT for a median (interquartile range) of 11 (6–16) years. Comparison data were from both a normative database and control subjects recruited and assessed at the same location as the participants taking MMT.Measurements BMD at lumbar spine, total hip and total body; biochemical markers of bone turnover.Findings In men taking MMT, BMD was lower than normal at each skeletal site [mean, 95% confidence intervalZ‐score −1.1 (−1.6 to −0.7) at the lumbar spine, −1.0 (−1.3 to −0.7) at the total hip, and −1.1 (−1.4 to −0.8) at the total body,P < 0.001 at each site]. BMD in the women taking MMT was not different from control values. Bone turnover was within the normal range in both genders. Serum testosterone was lower in the men taking MMT than in controls.Conclusions BMD is lower than normal throughout the skeleton in men, but not women, taking MMT. Assessment of skeletal health, including estimation of absolute fracture risk, should be undertaken in men participating in methadone maintenance programmes.
The impact of elective knee/hip replacement surgery and thromboprophylaxis with rivaroxaban or dalteparin on thrombin generation
Authors: Green Laura , Lawrie Andrew S. , Patel Shelain , Hossain Fahad , Chitolie Andrew , Mackie Ian J. , Haddad Fares S. , Machin Samuel J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryTotal hip/knee replacement surgeries are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism and post‐operative thromboprophylaxis has become standard treatment. This study aimed to: (i) assess the impact of hip/knee replacement surgery on ex vivo thrombin generation (TG), prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin‐antithrombin complexes (TAT) and D‐dimer; (ii) compare the anticoagulant effects of dalteparin and rivaroxaban on TG 24 h after surgery. Haemostatic variables were assessed in plasma samples of 51 patients taken pre‐operatively, peri‐operatively, and 24 h post‐operatively. Prophylaxis, once a day, with dalteparin or rivaroxaban, starting 6–8 h post‐operatively, was administered in 25 (14 knee/11 hip) and 26 patients (13 knee/13 hip) respectively. TG, F1 + 2, TAT and D‐dimer increased during surgery. Dalteparin patients showed a variable TG response 24 h after surgery: conversely, the effect of rivaroxaban on TG was consistent across individuals. Good correlation was seen between rivaroxaban levels and TG‐lag‐time (rs = 0·46, P = 0·01); TG‐time‐to‐Peak (rs = 0·53, P = 0·005); TG‐peak‐thrombin (rs = −0·59, P = 0·001); and TG‐velocity‐index‐rate (rs = −0·61, P = 0·0009). Patients who received rivaroxaban showed a greater decrease of TG, F1 + 2 and TAT (but not D‐dimer) than those on dalteparin. TG increases during hip/knee replacement surgery. Rivaroxaban inhibits TG more than dalteparin at 24 h after surgery.
Freshwater conservation planning: an introduction
Authors: TURAK EREN , LINKE SIMON 
Published: October 2010

Summary1. Global freshwater biodiversity is facing rapid decline. Freshwater conservation planning aims to reduce this decline by efficiently prioritising conservation actions.2. This Special Issue presents nine papers from five continents demonstrating a wide range of approaches to spatial prioritisation for freshwater conservation and two papers that explore directions for research and implementation in conservation planning.3. Despite an emphasis on running waters and data‐rich regions, these papers collectively offer a wide range of perspectives for advancing the science and practice of systematic conservation planning across freshwater realms, including data‐poor regions and standing‐water ecosystems.
Fostering real‐world clinical mental health research
Authors: Cleary Michelle , Hunt Glenn E , Walter Garry , Jackson Debra 
Published: October 2010

Aims and objectives.  In this article, we identify key aspects for enhancing real‐world research in mental health care clinical settings and broadly discuss some practicalities and issues that must be considered beforehand.Background.  Practice which is evidence‐based uses interventions or treatment methods that are supported by research findings for their quality and efficacy. Modern mental health settings endorse evidence‐based practice and welcome the development of innovative, evidence‐based approaches to care. Often, however, research findings are inaccessible, inconclusive, inconsistent, contradictory and overwhelming in sheer volume. Further, where there is no evidence, the absence of evidence is frequently mistaken for evidence of absence of the effectiveness of services.Design.  Discursive paper.Method.  The main themes expressed in the literature were collated by the authors into themes, and their relevance to the development of real‐world clinical mental health research is summarised with the aid of a vignette.Conclusions.  Ideally, research should be part of mainstream activities and as such constitute core business. Staff in mental health services should be encouraged to be research productive, and prospective clinical researchers should consider linking their studies to higher research degree programmes so that they can access resources, support and expertise to sustain motivation and morale.Relevance to clinical practice.  For research findings to make the leap to evidence‐based practice, the research needs to include real‐world consumers and families typical of clinical practice supported by clinically relevant outcomes. Clinical and research leaders should create opportunities for academic and clinical nurses to collaborate in research, and researchers should ensure that clinically relevant outcomes are presented in ways that are meaningful and accessible to clinicians.
Defining the role of a FYVE domain in the localization and activity of a cAMP phosphodiesterase implicated in osmoregulation in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Schoijet Alejandra C. , Miranda Kildare , Medeiros Lia Carolina Soares , de Souza Wanderley , Flawiá Mirtha M. , Torres Héctor N. , Pignataro Omar P. , Docampo Roberto , Alonso Guillermo D. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIntracellular levels of cyclic nucleotide second messengers are regulated predominantly by a large superfamily of phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, encodes four different PDE families. One of these PDEs, T. cruzi PDE C2 (TcrPDEC2) has been characterized as a FYVE domain containing protein. Here, we report a novel role for TcrPDEC2 in osmoregulation in T. cruzi and reveal the relevance of its FYVE domain. Our data show that treatment of epimastigotes with TcrPDEC2 inhibitors improves their regulatory volume decrease, whereas cells overexpressing this enzyme are unaffected by the same inhibitors. Consistent with these results, TcrPDEC2 localizes to the contractile vacuole complex, showing strong labelling in the region corresponding to the spongiome. Furthermore, transgenic parasites overexpressing a truncated version of TcrPDEC2 without the FYVE domain show a failure in its targeting to the contractile vacuole complex and a marked decrease in PDE activity, supporting the importance of this domain to the localization and activity of TcrPDEC2. Taking together, the results here presented are consistent with the importance of the cyclic AMP signalling pathway in regulatory volume decrease and implicate TcrPDEC2 as a specifically localized PDE involved in osmoregulation in T. cruzi.
Feasibility and reliability of classifying gross motor function among children with cerebral palsy using population‐based record surveillance
Authors: Benedict Ruth E. , Patz Jean , Maenner Matthew J. , Arneson Carrie L. , Yeargin‐Allsopp Marshalyn , Doernberg Nancy S. , Van Naarden Braun Kim , Kirby Russell S. , Durkin Maureen S. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryBenedict RE, Patz J, Maenner MJ, Arneson CL, Yeargin‐Allsopp M, Doernberg NS, Van Naarden Braun K, Kirby RS, Durkin MS. Feasibility and reliability of classifying gross motor function among children with cerebral palsy using population‐based record surveillance. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2010.For conditions with wide‐ranging consequences, such as cerebral palsy (CP), population‐based surveillance provides an estimate of the prevalence of case status but only the broadest understanding of the impact of the condition on children, families or society. Beyond case status, information regarding health, functional skills and participation is necessary to fully appreciate the consequences of the condition. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of enhancing population‐based surveillance by classifying gross motor function (GMF) from information available in medical records of children with CP.We assessed inter‐rater reliability of two GMF classification methods, one the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and the other a 3‐category classification of walking ability: (1) independently, (2) with handheld mobility device, or (3) limited or none. Two qualified clinicians independently reviewed abstracted evaluations from medical records of 8‐year‐old children residing in southeast Wisconsin, USA who were identified as having CP (n = 154) through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Ninety per cent (n = 138) of the children with CP had information in the record after age 4 years and 108 (70%) had adequate descriptions of gross motor skills to classify using the GMFCS. Agreement was achieved on 75.0% of the GMFCS ratings (simple kappa = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [95% CI 0.57, 0.78], weighted kappa = 0.83, [95% CI 0.77, 0.89]). Among case children for whom walking ability could be classified (n = 117), approximately half walked independently without devices and one‐third had limited or no walking ability. Across walking ability categories, agreement was reached for 94% (simple kappa = 0.90, [95% CI 0.82, 0.96], weighted kappa = 0.94, [95% CI 0.89, 0.98]).Classifying GMF in the context of active records‐based surveillance is feasible and reliable. Future surveillance efforts that include functional level among children with cerebral palsy may provide important information for monitoring the impact of the condition for programmatic and policy purposes.
A new filter that accurately mimics the solar UV‐B spectrum using standard UV lamps: the photochemical properties, stabilization and use of the urate anion liquid filter
Authors: SAMPATH‐WILEY PRIYA , JAHNKE LELAND S. 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTThe physiological effects unique to solar ultraviolet (UV)‐B exposure (280–315 nm) are difficult to accurately replicate in the laboratory. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the sodium urate anion in a liquid filter that yields a spectrum nearly indistinguishable from the solar UV‐B spectrum while filtering the emissions of widely used UV‐B lamps. The photochemical properties and stability of this filter are examined and weighed against a typical spectrum of ground‐level solar UV‐B radiation. To test the effectiveness of this filter, light‐saturated photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates were measured following exposure to UV‐B filtered either by this urate filter or the widely used cellulose acetate (CA) filter. The ubiquitous marine Chlorophyte alga Dunaliella tertiolecta was tested under identical UV‐B flux densities coupled with ecologically realistic fluxes of UV‐A and visible radiation for 6 and 12 h exposures. These results indicate that the urate‐filtered UV‐B radiation yields minor photosynthetic inhibition when compared with exposures lacking in UV‐B. This is in agreement with published experiments using solar radiation. In sharp contrast, radiation filtered by CA filters produced large inhibition of photosynthesis.
Temperature controls nuclear import of Tam3 transposase in Antirrhinum
Authors: Fujino Kaien , Hashida Shin‐nosuke , Ogawa Takashi , Natsume Tomoko , Uchiyama Takako , Mikami Tetsuo , Kishima Yuji 
Published: October 2010

SummaryIt has been proposed that environmental stimuli can activate transposable elements (TEs), whereas few substantial mechanisms have been shown so far. The class‐II element Tam3 from Antirrhinum majus exhibits a unique property of low‐temperature‐dependent transposition (LTDT). LTDT has proved invaluable in developing the gene isolation technologies that have underpinned much of modern plant developmental biology. Here, we reveal that LTDT involves differential subcellular localization of the Tam3 transposase (TPase) in cells grown at low (15°C) and high (25°C) temperatures. The mechanism is associated with the nuclear import of Tam3 TPase in Antirrhinum cells. At high temperature, the nuclear import of Tam3 TPase is severely restricted in Antirrhinum cells, whereas at low temperature, the nuclear localization of Tam3 TPase is observed in about 20% of the cells. However, in tobacco BY‐2 and Allium cepa (onion) cells, Tam3 TPase is transported into most nuclei. In addition to three nuclear localization signals (NLSs), the Tam3 TPase is equipped with a nuclear localization inhibitory domain (NLID), which functions to abolish nuclear import of the TPase at high temperature in Antirrhinum. NLID in Tam3 TPase is considered to interact with Antirrhinum‐specific factor(s). The host‐specific regulation of the nuclear localization of transposase represents a new repertoire controlling class‐II TEs.