bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nongenomic oestrogen signalling in oestrogen receptor negative breast cancer cells: a role for the angiotensin II receptor AT1
Authors: Lim Kheng Tian , Cosgrave Niamh , Hill Arnold David , Young Leonie S 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Oestrogens can mediate some of their cell survival properties through a nongenomic mechanism that involves the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The mechanism of this rapid signalling and its dependence on a membrane bound oestrogen receptor (ER), however, remains controversial. The role of G-protein-coupled receptor and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in an ER-independent signalling pathway modulated by oestrogen was investigated.

Methods
ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and SKBR3) and primary breast cancer cell cultures were used in this study. Cell proliferation was assessed using standard MTT assays. Protein and cAMP levels were detected by Western blotting and ELISA, respectively. Antigen localization was performed by immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Protein knockdown was achieved using small interfering RNA technologies.

Results
EGF and oestrogen, alone and in combination, induced cell proliferation and phosphorylation of MAPK proteins Raf and ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase)1/2 in both ER-negative SKBR3 and ER-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. Increased Raf phosphorylation was also observed in primary human breast cultures derived from ER-positive and ER-negative breast tumours. Oestrogen induced an increase in intracellular cAMP in ER-negative SKBR3 human breast cancer cells. Oestrogen-mediated cell growth and phosphorylation of MAPK was modified by the EGF receptor antagonist AG1478, the G-protein antagonist pertussis toxin, and the angiotensin II receptor antagonist saralasin. Knockdown of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) protein expression with small interfering RNA attenuated oestrogen-induced Raf phosphorylation in ER-negative cells. AT1 receptor was found to be expressed in the cell membrane of breast tumour epithelial cells.

Conclusion
These findings provide evidence that, in breast cancer cells, oestrogen can signal through AT1 to activate early cell survival mechanisms in an ER-independent manner.
Riverbank filtration project at cilandak as a solution of limited water supply in South Jakarta - Indonesia
Authors: Mauro E. , Utari A. 
Published: May 2012

Jakarta, capital city of Indonesia, has a population of 9.5 million inhabitants, population that increases significantly during working hours. Jakarta suffers a deficit of clean water supply due to limited raw water availability delivered from Jatiluhur dam, located 70 km away, and the deteriorating water quality of Jakarta's rivers. PALYJA, operator of water services of West Jakarta, manages three WTP producing 75% of distributed water (6 m3/s) and purchasing bulk treated water to complete the supply (2 m3/s). In Cilandak, a 400 l/s WTP fed by the increasingly polluted Krukut River, PALYJA opted by Riverbank Filtration (RBF) as a solution in order to improve raw water quality and quantity reducing the impact of dry season trough aquifer storage. RBF is a cost-effective, natural treatment technology that takes advantage of geological and biological natural filtration, instead of chemicals use, to obtain surface water and groundwater supplies.
By mid 2010, the project started with the study and pumping test in two new pilot wells, confirming very good quality and quantity of the leakage from Krukut River. The project is ongoing, drilling and equipping 10 wells to obtain 150 l/s additional water for Cilandak WTP by the 2nd semester of 2011.
The business of water: going the corporate way the case of Manila water
Authors: Rivera Virgilio C. 
Published: May 2012

Prior to Manila Water's entry into the East Zone as MWSS's concessionaire in 1997, the water supply and distribution system was characterized by low service coverage, high levels of leakage due to pilferage and deteriorating pipes, limited water availability and poor operating efficiencies. This presentation details how the MWSS PPP framework, coupled with Manila Water's multi-pronged, corporate approach, has been key to reversing the sorry state which Metro Manila's East Zone found itself in before 1997.
Crucial to the success of Manila Water was the adoption of a multi-pronged corporate strategy composed of five interrelated variables: (1) Profit Model, (2) Market/Customer, (3) Resources, (4) Systems and Processes and (5) Talent and Organization. The presentation explains how these factors have come together to bring out the “virtuous cycle” in the East Zone.
The numerous achievements of Manila Water over the past thirteen years, which are highlighted in the last section of the presentation, have been directly attributed to the successful corporate strategy employed by Manila Water.
Influence of temperature on process performance of activated sludge in coking wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Cheng Chu-I , Chao Yu Mei , Lin Ming-Chuan , Lin Chiung-Hsun 
Published: May 2012

Coking wastewater contains toxic compounds such as ammonia, phenolics, cyanides, thiocyanate, and thiosulfate. In normal situation, these compounds can be 100% decomposed by activated sludge in the wastewater treatment plant. However, a new factor, high water temperature, caused by the covering of the basins, has been found to reduce the removal rate of the pollutants, especially the thiocyanate.
Several remediation measures were applied to improve the biological process performance. A series of batch and continuous-flow biodegradation tests have demonstrated that the relatively low temperature ranging from 20 to 37°C attained perfect removal efficiency (∼100%) of SCN− from the coke plant wastewater. When the temperature is increased to 38, 39°C, the SCN− removal rate decreased to 30 ∼ 50% after 48 hours of temperature shift. Moreover, when the temperature is increased to 40 to 45°C, SCN− biodegradation is significantly decayed one day after the temperature shock, and the SCN− removal efficiency dropped gradually to 0%, with microbial deterioration during day 1 to day 4. Meanwhile, the COD removal has also decreased from 85% down to 45% at 45°C. Both laboratory verifications confirmed that 40°C should be the critical water temperature for the SCN− degrading microbe to function well in the activated sludge process.
In order to stabilize the pollutant removing ability of the procedure, the water temperature of aeration basin is set to operate under 37°C. Four modifications were practiced on site to decrease the temperature of activated sludge. Only the last alternative measure worked well with the opened hand hole, 50% of total cover area, to discharge the water vapor and gas emission from the head space of aeration basin. The water temperature has dropped from 41 to 36°C in the early summer of June with ambient temperature of 37°C, suggesting that partially uncovering the basin does help maintain the water temperature.
Finally, we suggest some measures that can be applied to establish a standard process on site in order to ensure that the aeration basin temperature stays under 37°C and that our biotreatment system can maintain its function in the future.
Nitrogen removal by an irrigated wooded buffer area
Authors: Gumiero Bruna , Cornelio Paolo , Boz Bruno 
Published: May 2012

To demonstrate the efficiency of the wooded riparian soil in removing the exceeding nitrogen from the river water, a pilot-scale experimental system (0,8 ha) was planned and built on an area previously used to grow arable crops. It was constructed to allow the precise management of the system hydrology, because the water is electrically pumped from the adjacent Zero River into the irrigation ditches (ridges). The particular structure, characterized by ridges and furrows, facilitates sub-surface water flow through the woodland area and the creation of a suspended artificial aquifer seldom in contact with the groundwater.
A grid of 36 piezometers was used to collect water samples. The results indicated that the nitrates retention capacity increased strongly from about 40 to 85% from the first to the third year. Ammonia nitrogen showed the highest annual variability, with the outputs in some cases exceeding the inputs. Organic nitrogen outputs were always higher than the inputs, but with a progressive reduction from the first to the third year. Overall, total nitrogen retention increased from 26% in the first year, to 62% in the third year. A monitoring campaign conducted after 8 year confirmed the long term efficiency of the site in nitrate removal with an increase also in organic nitrogen reduction.
Fratta-Gorzone Guide Lines: Rehabilitation and renaturalization of a river in the Veneto region
Authors: Trevisiol E. R. , Odolini C. 
Published: May 2012

The Fratta-Gorzone River is classified in the recent PTA plan as one of the most polluted rivers in the Veneto region. Its Basin -about 1.500 sqKm- includes all the main landscape ambits catalogued by the PTRC plan (from the pre-Alpes in Vicenza Province to the dune landscape of the Venice Lagoon southern part). The Fratta waterway is 93 km long and is known as the Rio Acquetta-Togna-Fratta Gorzone/Agno-Guà-Frassine-Santa Caterina-Gorzone River System.
This Waterway System from one part has great elements of strenght as the rich riverine historical and landscape heritage, and from the other part has serious weaknesses due to the tanning district pollution and to the diffuse agricultural, urban and industrial pollution. Fratta is a medium-high hydraulic risk zone.
Until Know all the Planning Instruments and Practices deal with the northern part of Fratta. The more recent Plan too –the “Accordo di Programma Quadro 05/12/2005”- has as focal point the reduction of pollution (chrome and chloride mainly) and the use of traditional treatment systems (linked with some constructed wetland systems).
Our Paper present the last 2009 Scenario-Plan, promoted by an anusual Group: Water Consorzio LEB with the Regione Veneto supervision, AATO del Chiampo, Sentinella dei Fiumi Association, Coldiretti, IUAV University and two Private Industries.
Cloudbreak mine water conveyance infrastructure
Authors: Windsor Simon , Rouhiainen Carl , Willis-Jones Bobak 
Published: May 2012

Cloudbreak is an iron ore mine located in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. The mine extends 40 km east-west, 5 km north-south and has excavations up to 70 m depth. It is home to one of Australia's largest and most complex Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) operations. It also adjoins the new Christmas Creek mine, currently under development to the east, of similar scale and characteristics. The two mines form a single water managed entity.
Ninety percent of the ore body is below the water table, the ore body itself containing the main aquifer of brackish water. The mine is bounded to the south by the Fortescue Marsh – an internally draining, periodically flooded wetland of national significance. The marsh and the ore body are underlain by hyper saline conditions in an irregular pattern trending more saline towards the marsh and with depth.
MAR is the chosen method of dewatering operation to preserve the fresh and brackish water source, manage the quality of the remaining unexcavated ore body, safeguard groundwater levels at the marsh, and maintain balance to local ecology by zero surface discharge.
Through an evolution of review and optimisation, a mix of infrastructure components have been installed and commissioned alongside ongoing mine expansion, within a very dynamic operational environment. The scheme currently includes 200 abstraction bores (60 operational at any time), ten in-pit sumps, 200 km of pipeline, six major transfer or settlement ponds, 100 brackish injection bores (50 operational, others for standby or future use) and 20 saline injection bores (currently operating five at a time on a trial basis). These numbers are due to be significantly augmented as dewatering license limits increase and the mine progressively develops. Hydraulic network modelling software is applied for system design and optimisation. The system is operated using a mix of manual and automatic controls, with regular monitoring for compliance and optimising system performance.
This paper focuses on how the self contained MAR system has been designed, developed and operated successfully, though many challenges remain.
Grassroots cultural policy for water management in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Amzad , Marinova Dora 
Published: May 2012

Rural Bangladesh's livelihood depends on water and the existing grassroots policy framework for sustainable water management (conservation and consumption) reflects a cultural unity within a country which is culturally very diverse. Extra-abundance or shortage of water supply is generally viewed as natural; however, prolonged or human caused water deficiency is treated as the retaliation of nature against anthropogenic transgression, which is often attributed to an act of climate change. The mostly uneducated rural people of multi-cultural Bangladesh live a simple lifestyle promoted by the country's inspiring Baul tradition, including water management. The Bauls religiously promote water conservation and are devoted to enhancing public understanding of the role of water.
Spirituality can be the basis for sound water management as traditionally prevalent in rural Bangladesh's self-reliant lifestyle. Western culture and development treat water as an economic resource and commodity. Irreverence or ignorance of water related spirituality by modern societies is the fundamental reason for scarcity, pollution, over-extraction, mal-utilisation and aggressive politics of water. Values-driven water management is emphasised as the sustainability breakthrough and an essential requirement for proper development. Based on the Bangladeshi experience, the paper argues for a spirituality oriented educational policy to inform sustainable water management.
The Impact of Initial Information Ambiguity on the Accuracy of Analytical Review Judgments
Authors: Luippold Benjamin L. , Kida Thomas E. 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARY
Analytical procedures require that auditors develop and test hypotheses about possible fluctuations in a firm's financial data. Research in psychology suggests that the initial information ambiguity that exists prior to hypothesis generation may affect not only the initial hypothesis set, but also final judgment accuracy. We argue in this paper that information ambiguity can be caused by two primary variables, data sufficiency and data complexity, and examine how these variables affect judgment accuracy during analytical review. Ninety-four staff auditors completed analytical procedures for a company with an error seeded into its financial statements. Information ambiguity was varied across three levels by manipulating both the sufficiency and complexity of the data (insufficient/complex, sufficient/complex, and sufficient/not complex). Participants generated hypotheses that might explain the observed fluctuations in the data, then received a comprehensive financial data set (that was identical for all groups) and were asked to identify the cause of the fluctuations. The results indicate that when auditors are initially exposed to more ambiguous information (either due to its insufficiency or complexity), they are less likely to ultimately identify the error causing the fluctuations, even though they have access to the same unambiguous information set prior to making their final judgments. Implications of these results for audit research and practice are discussed.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
The Failure to Remediate Previously Disclosed Material Weaknesses in Internal Controls
Authors: Hammersley Jacqueline S. , Myers Linda A. , Zhou Jian 
Published: May 2012

SUMMARY
In this paper, we study a sample of companies that fail to remediate previously disclosed material weaknesses (MWs) in their internal control systems and, thus, disclose the same MWs in two consecutive annual reports. Their failure to remediate is surprising given that regulators, credit rating agencies, and academics contend that the remediation of MWs is important. We form a control sample of companies that initially disclosed MWs in their internal control systems, but subsequently remediated these weaknesses, and investigate the characteristics of the remediated and unremediated MWs, the characteristics of remediating versus non-remediating companies, and the consequences to non-remediating companies.
Regarding the characteristics of companies failing to remediate, we find that companies are less likely to remediate previously disclosed MWs when the weaknesses are more pervasive (i.e., when they are described as at the entity level, when there are more individual weaknesses) and when their operations are more complex (i.e., they have more segments and have foreign operations). In addition, companies with smaller audit committees are less likely to remediate.
Regarding the consequences, we find that companies failing to remediate MWs experience larger increases in audit fees and a higher likelihood of auditor resignation as the number of MWs increases. We also find that non-remediating companies are more likely to receive modified audit opinions and going-concern opinions. Finally, we find that companies failing to remediate are more likely to miss filing deadlines and experience increased cost of debt capital (i.e., they receive poorer credit ratings when entity level MWs are present, and are charged higher interest rates).
Data Availability: Data are publicly available from sources identified in the text.
Foliations of lightlike hypersurfaces and their physical interpretation
Authors: Duggal Krishan 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
This paper deals with a family of lightlike (null) hypersurfaces (H
u) of a Lorentzian manifold M such that each null normal vector ℓ of H
u is not entirely in H
u, but, is defined in some open subset of M around H
u. Although the family (H
u) is not unique, we show, subject to some reasonable condition(s), that the involved induced objects are independent of the choice of (H
u) once evaluated at u = constant. We use (n+1)-splitting Lorentzian manifold to obtain a normalization of ℓ and a well-defined projector onto H, needed for Gauss, Weingarten, Gauss-Codazzi equations and calculate induced metrics on proper totally umbilical and totally geodesic H
u. Finally, we establish a link between the geometry and physics of lightlike hypersurfaces and a variety of black hole horizons.
Description of Maritrema formicae sp. nov. (Digenea, Microphallidae) parasitic in the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus, from the Patagonian coast, Argentina
Authors: Diaz Julia , Gilardoni Carmen , Cremonte Florencia 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMaritrema formicae sp. nov. is described from the Patagonian coast, Argentina, based on adults obtained from the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus. The new species fits with the “eroliae complex” and can be distinguished from other related species mainly in shape and size of body, shape, size, and pattern of distribution of cirrus spines, uterus extension, number and size of eggs, vitellarium in a complete ring in all specimens, and its Neotropical distribution. The new species is sympatric with another species of the genus, Maritrema madrynense, which was recorded in the same host and locality.
Catoessa boscii (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae) parasitic on Carangoides malabaricus (Pisces, Carangidae) from India. Taxonomy and host-parasite relationships
Authors: Trilles Jean-Paul , Ravichandran Samuthirapandian , Rameshkumar Ganapathy 
Published: May 2012

AbstractCatoessa boscii (Bleeker, 1857) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cymothoidae), is redescribed according to the type specimen observed by Schioedte and Meinert (1884) extant in the Rijksmuseum von Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden (RMNH) and from many additional specimens recently collected in India from Carangoides malabaricus (Pisces, Carangidae). This study allows an updating of the diagnosis of the genus Catoessa and of the species Catoessa boscii. Some parasite-host relationships were studied during the year. Prevalence and sex ratio of parasites varied according to the month, and the sex and size of hosts.
Protozoan and myxozoan infections in wild gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) from North Lake of Tunis, Tunisia
Authors: Bahri Sihem 
Published: May 2012

AbstractA total of 150 gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L., from North Lake of Tunis, Tunisia, were studied for protozoan and myxozoan parasites. The parasitological survey revealed the presence of ectoparasites (Amyloodinium ocellatum Brown, 1931, Trichodina lepsii Lom, 1962 on the gills) and endoparasites (Ceratomyxa sparusaurati Sitjà-Bobadilla, Palenzuela et Alvarez-Pellitero, 1995 infecting the gallbladder, and Eimeria sparis Sitjà-Bobadilla, Palenzuela et Alvarez-Pellitero, 1996 parasitizing the intestine). This is the first record of Amyloodinium ocellatum, Trichodina lepsii, Ceratomyxa sparusaurati, and Eimeria sparis in S. aurata from Tunisian waters. Data on prevalence and intensity of infection are provided. A comparison of the present species with previously described species in cultured gilthead seabream from other Mediterranean countries is also presented. In this study Trichodina lepsii is identified for the first time in Sparus aurata. A taxonomic description of this species based on silver nitrate method is provided.
Levels of oxidative stress markers: correlation with hepatic function and worm burden patients with schistosomiasis
Authors: Cunha G. , Silva V. , Bessa K. , Bitencourt M. , Macêdo U. , Freire-Neto F. , Martins R. , Assis C. , Lemos T. , Almeida M. , Freire A. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractSchistosomiasis is caused by Schistosoma mansoni and is a public health problem in Brazil. The typical granulomatous lesion is associated with the increase in the oxidative damage by generation of free radicals. The aim of this work was to correlate some oxidative stress markers with the worm burden on carriers of schistosomiasis (n = 30) in the acute phase in comparison to healthy subjects (n = 30). The pro-oxidant parameter used was the colorimetric quantification of reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid, while the antioxidant markers used were blood content of reduced glutathione and determination of the activity of catalase. The worm burden was assessed by Kato-Katz method. The results pointed out that initially there was no difference in the catalase activity. However, there was a positive correlation between the increase in parasitic load and intensity of lipid peroxidation, and decrease in the content of reduced glutathione. Additionally, only the aspartate aminotransferase levels presented to be high, while there was a decrease in bilirubin level. Therefore, a possible association between the establishment of the oxidative stress in tissue and the parasitic load of Schistosoma mansoni is suggested.