bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term patient outcome is affected by deep venous thrombosis after Achilles tendon rupture repair
Authors: Aufwerber Susanna , Svedman Simon , Silbernagel Karin Grävare , Ackermann Paul W. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to examine the impact of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) on patient outcomes 3 years after Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) repair and if there were continued improvements between 1 and 3 years after surgery. A secondary aim was to determine risk factors associated with impaired patient outcomes in the long term.MethodsThis cohort study consisted of 181 ATR‐repaired patients, from two large randomized clinical trials, who attended a 3‐year follow‐up evaluation. Patients were postoperatively randomized to two different weight‐bearing interventions compared with immobilization in a below‐knee plaster cast for 2 weeks. During immobilization, screening for DVT was performed with Doppler ultrasound. At 1 and 3 years postoperatively, functional‐ and patient‐reported outcomes were evaluated by the validated heel‐rise test and self‐reported questionnaire, Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS).ResultsIn total, 76 out of 181 (42%) patients exhibited a DVT at the 2‐ or 6‐week screening after ATR surgery. Suffering from a DVT during immobilization resulted at 3 years in a worse limb symmetry index (LSI) of heel‐rise total work compared to patients without DVT, adjusted for age (DVT mean LSI 68% vs. no DVT 78%, p = 0.027). At 3 years, patients with a DVT during immobilization displayed lower ATRS (DVT median 88 vs. no DVT 93, p = 0.046), which was not significant after adjustment for age. However, patients with DVT exhibited an improvement in ATRS, LSI total work, and LSI maximum height between 1 and 3 years, which was not seen among patients without DVT. Independent risk factors for reduced patient functional outcomes at 3 years were older age, greater calf muscle hypotrophy, and suffering a DVT.ConclusionsDVT during immobilization affects patients' long‐term functional outcomes 3 years after ATR repair. Clinicians should adequately address risk factors contributing to impaired patient outcomes in the long term, including calf muscle hypotrophy, DVT, and older age.Level of EvidenceLevel Ⅲ.
Sex‐specific analysis in patients undergoing Talar OsteoPeriostic grafting from the Iliac Crest (TOPIC) for large osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Dahmen Jari , Gianakos Arianna L. , Hollander Julian J. , Rikken Quinten G. H. , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the present study is to assess the gender‐specific differences in the presentation and outcomes following Talar OsteoPeriostic grafting from the Iliac Crest (TOPIC) between male and female patients.MethodsA prospective comparative analysis was performed comparing consecutive female and male patients having been treated by the press‐fit TOPIC procedure. Clinical comparative assessment preoperatively and at 12 months of follow‐up included determination of the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores for pain during walking (primary outcome), at rest and during stair‐climbing. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) was also assessed. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed for lesion size, morphology and localization determination preoperatively as well as 10–12 weeks postoperatively to assess the union of the osteotomy site and at 1 year postoperatively to assess consolidation of the graft as well as intra‐graft cyst development.ResultsA total of 48 patients (30 women, 18 men) were eligible for inclusion. Both men and women demonstrated significant functional improvements postoperatively concerning the clinical outcomes with no significant differences between men and women (n.s.) except for a significantly greater improvement in postoperative FAOS pain scores in women. Men presented with OLTs significantly larger in both surface area (208 mm2 for males versus 155 mm2 for females, p < 0.05) as well as lesion volume (3.0 cm3 for males versus 1.8 cm3 for females, p < 0.05). At 1‐year postoperatively, all patients showed graft consolidation. Cyst formation was present in 11 females (37% of the group) and 10 males (59% of the group), respectively (n.s.).ConclusionBoth males and females showed clinically relevant improvements in the clinical outcomes after undergoing the TOPIC procedure with significant differences in preoperative lesion size. The TOPIC procedure is a good treatment strategy for large OLTs in both men and women.Level of EvidenceLevel III, comparative prospective clinical cohort.
Health‐related quality of life does not deteriorate while waiting for anterior cruciate reconstruction
Authors: Domerchie Emily , Horner Nolan S. , Mauti Eric , Sedrak Phelopater , Sheehan Brendan , Ayeni Olufemi R. , Farrokyhar Forough , Denkers Matthew , de SA Darren L. , Peterson Devin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to determine how preoperative health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is affected by the duration of the wait time (WT) for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) once a decision is made to proceed with surgery.MethodsThis was a multi‐centre prospective cohort study. One hundred and twenty‐two patients 14 years of age and above waiting for ACLR completed the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) demographic, current health assessment and subjective knee evaluation (SKF) forms on the day of decision to operate and the day of surgery. Changes in scores were analyzed for the entire cohort, adjusted for WTs and a subset was compared for patients with isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and ACL tears with concurrent meniscal involvement. Changes in HRQoL scores from the day of the decision to operate to the 9‐month postoperative appointments were also assessed.ResultsEnergy/Fatigue (p < 0.05), Pain (p < 0.05), General Health (p < 0.05) and the IKDC‐SKF Score (p < 0.05) significantly increased between the day of the decision to operate and the day of surgery. Only the change in IKDC‐SKF score remained significantly higher after adjusting for WT. Baseline HRQoL scores significantly improved by the 9‐month postoperative appointment.ConclusionThe length of time waiting for ACLR did not adversely influence HRQoL in this study. However, low preoperative HRQoL and the significant improvement in HRQoL of patients followed postoperatively suggest that timely surgery is beneficial for this patient population.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Robotic‐assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty restored prearthritic alignment and led to superior functional outcomes compared with conventional techniques
Authors: Kwon Seung Cheol , Jung Ho Jung , Lee Jong Hwa , Hyun Jin Tak , Hwang Ji Hyo , Kim Joong Il 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPurposeRobotic‐assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) can ensure precise preoperative planning, minimise soft tissue damage and restore native coronal alignment. However, few studies have investigated how these advantages translate into differences in early postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to compare differences in early outcomes between conventional UKA (C‐UKA) and robotic‐assisted UKA (R‐UKA).MethodsThis retrospective study investigated two groups of patients who underwent medial UKA: C‐UKA group (n = 35) and R‐UKA group (n = 35). We assessed (1) serum indicators (hemoglobin, creatine kinase and C‐reactive protein) and pain visual analogue scale (VAS) at postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, 4 and 6; (2) radiologic parameters including joint line height change and arithmetic and mechanical hip–knee–ankle angle (aHKA and mHKA); (3) patient‐reported outcomes including Knee Society Scores, Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Forgotten Joint Score‐12 (FJS‐12) at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsDespite similar serum indicator results, pain VAS was lower in the R‐UKA group than in the C‐UKA group at PODs 2 (2.5 ± 1.3 vs. 3.6 ± 1.2, p = 0.02), 4 (2.4 ± 0.9 vs. 3.3 ± 1.0, p = 0.03) and 6 (1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 3.1 ± 1.1, p < 0.01). The joint line height change was significantly lower in the R‐UKA group than in the C‐UKA group (0.9 mm ± 0.6 mm vs. 2.0 mm ± 1.3 mm, p = 0.02). The equivalence test for preoperative aHKA and postoperative mHKA revealed equivalence in only the R‐UKA group (p < 0.01). The R‐UKA group showed better WOMAC and FJS‐12 compared to C‐UKA group at 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionR‐UKA led to lower pain VAS in the early postoperative period compared with C‐UKA. Additionally, R‐UKA effectively restored the joint line and prearthritic lower limb alignment, resulting in superior functional outcomes at 1‐year follow‐up compared with C‐UKA.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Development of TRIP phenomenon using power refining of retained austenite by niobium
Authors: Shash A. Y. , El‐Fawakhry M. K. , Gamal A. , Zaki A. I. , El‐Sherbiny M. G. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe illustrations above demonstrate that as the percentage of niobium increases, the grain size decreases, leading to an increase in the stability of transformation induced plasticity steel. This, in turn, results in improved mechanical strength. The optimal volume fraction of retained austenite for a significant transformation induced plasticity effect to occur is reported to be in the range of 10 vol. %–20 vol. %. The volume fraction of retained austenite directly determines the carbon content and grain size of the retained austenite, its two main stabilization factors. The stability of the retained austenite dictates when the strain‐induced martensite transformation (SIMT) occurs during straining of transformation induced plasticity high strength steel. Unstable retained austenite transforms almost immediately upon deformation, increasing work hardening rate and formability during the stamping process. At the appropriate stability of the retained austenite, the Strain‐Induced Martensite Transformation begins only at strain levels beyond those produced during stamping and forming, and the retained austenite is still present in the final part; it can transform into martensite in the event of a crash, providing greater crash energy absorption. The tensile strength level of micro‐alloyed transformation induced plasticity steels may exceed 1 GPa. Grain refinement mechanism is considered as the most applied mechanism used in increasing of steel strength without deterioration of ductility and toughness. Recently, it was proposed that the grain refinement could act positively on promoting the transformation induced plasticity effect of advanced high strength steel through improving the stability of retained austenite. In this research, quenching and partitioning heat treatment technique was applied to four grades of low carbon steel with different percentage of niobium. Then, the effect of niobium on grain refinement has been detected by microstructure observations. Mechanical properties and strain hardening properties of investigated steel have been determined. In addition, by using x‐ray diffraction, as well as a new electric resistance‐based sensor, it was possible to characterize the stability of the retained austenite through the plastic deformation of steel. Grain refinement by using of niobium has a great impact on promoting the stability of retained austenite against the plastic stress at the plastic deformation zone.
Direct consolidation of an oxide dispersion strengthened alloy by hot rotary swaging
Authors: Kunčická L. , Svoboda J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSteels strengthened by alloying elements and precipitates typically maintain their enhanced properties up to the ferrite‐austenite transformation. However, oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steels are creep resistant even at much higher temperatures given by dispersions of nanosized oxides. To ensure homogeneous dispersion of the oxides, powder metallurgy is used for preparation of the original material. The presented study investigates the effects of direct consolidation of powder of ferritic steel strengthened with yttrium oxide nanoparticles. The powders were mechanically alloyed and sealed into evacuated steel containers, which were subjected to gradual hot consolidation via the industrially applicable intensive plastic deformation method of rotary swaging. Investigations assessing the effects of several reduction ratios showed that the direct consolidation of the oxide dispersion strengthened steel was successful – in the macroscale – at the swaging ratio of 1.03; the quality of consolidation further increased with increasing swaging ratio. At the swaging ratio of 1.83, the consolidated bulk material featured ultra‐fine grains characterized with high angle grain boundaries, homogeneous dispersion of oxide precipitates, and the average Vickers microhardness of 706.6 HV 1.
Evaluation of the influence of the material composition on the peel behavior of adhesive and cohesive peel systems using experimental fracture mechanics methods
Authors: Nase M. , Zankel A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe study focusses on a low‐density polyethylene/isotactic polybutene‐1 peel system with low‐density polyethylene as matrix and isotactic polybutene‐1 as peel component sealed against itself (cohesive peel system), and on an ethylene vinyl acetate/linear low‐density polyethylene peel system with ethylene vinyl acetate as matrix and linear low‐density polyethylene as peel component sealed against polyethylene terephthalate (adhesive peel system). Due to a new approach to estimate the true fracture surface using 3D reconstruction, it was possible to determine the true adhesive energy release rate, especially for cohesive peel systems. This enables a direct comparison of the fracture mechanics parameters determined from both types of peel systems. The results reveal that the recipe has a distinct influence on the peel behavior. An increasing amount of the used peel component leads in any case to a decrease of the peel force as well as of the energy release rate for both, sealed adhesive and cohesive peel systems. Using application engineering examples generalizable relationships between structure and properties of peel systems could be estimated and the structure sensitivity of the fracture mechanical parameters could be proven.
Advances in breast cancer research using CRISPR/Cas9 system
Authors: Eskandari Fatemeh , Aali Mahdi , Hadisadegh Seyedeh Negin , Azadeh Mansoureh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy that affects a significant number of women around the world. This is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality among women. Various therapeutic approaches have been introduced to fight against it, including surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and biological therapies. However, attention to research and the development of innovative therapeutic interventions to reduce toxicity and increase treatment efficacy is always ongoing. As a novel method of treatment, gene therapy for modifying inappropriate genes and treating various types of cancer has gained attention. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology is a significant advancement in genetic editing that has gained widespread use in human cancer research and gene therapy. It is highly valued for its precision, specificity, cost‐effectiveness, and time‐saving properties with minimal risk. Our review focuses on CRISPR/Cas9's role as a targeted therapeutic approach for enhancing immunotherapy and overcoming drug resistance in breast cancer.
Measures of nutrition status and health for weight‐inclusive patient care: A narrative review
Authors: Mauldin Kasuen , Pignotti Giselle A. P. , Gieng John 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn healthcare, weight is often equated to and used as a marker for health. In examining nutrition and health status, there are many more effective markers independent of weight. In this article, we review practical and emerging clinical applications of technologies and tools used to collect non–weight‐related data in nutrition assessment, monitoring, and evaluation in the outpatient setting. The aim is to provide clinicians with new ideas about various types of data to evaluate and track in nutrition care.
Evaluating ChatGPT's Performance in Answering Questions About Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ye Fan , Zhang He , Luo Xin , Wu Tong , Yang Qintai , Shi Zhaohui 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the accuracy of ChatGPT in answering allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) related questions.Study DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study.SettingEach question was inputted as a separate, independent prompt.MethodsResponses to AR (n = 189) and CRS (n = 242) related questions, generated by GPT‐3.5 and GPT‐4, were independently graded for accuracy by 2 senior rhinology professors, with disagreements adjudicated by a third reviewer.ResultsOverall, ChatGPT demonstrated a satisfactory performance, accurately answering over 80% of questions across all categories. Specifically, GPT‐4.0's accuracy in responding to AR‐related questions significantly exceeded that of GPT‐3.5, but distinction not evident in CRS‐related questions. Patient‐originated questions had a significantly higher accuracy compared to doctor‐originated questions when utilizing GPT‐4.0 to respond to AR‐related questions. This discrepancy was not observed with GPT‐3.5 or in the context of CRS‐related questions. Across different types of content, ChatGPT excelled in covering basic knowledge, prevention, and emotion for AR and CRS. However, it experienced challenges when addressing questions about recent advancements, a trend consistent across both GPT‐3.5 and GPT‐4.0 iterations. Importantly, the accuracy of responses remained unaffected when questions were posed in Chinese.ConclusionOur findings suggest ChatGPT's capability to convey accurate information for AR and CRS patients, and offer insights into its performance across various domains, guiding its utilization and improvement.
EMHD micropolar fluid flowing through a micro‐structural slipped surface with heat source/sink and chemical reaction
Authors: Ramesh Gosikere Kenchappa , Hiremath Pradeep N. , Madhukesh Javali Kotresh , Shehzad Sabir Ali 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) has a vital role due to its importance in aerospace and plasma physics, including energy transformation systems in which interaction between the liquid and magnetic field is crucial. Further, micropolar fluids with microstructural slip is used in the lubrication and liquid crystals. From this observation, the current study is conducted to express an EMHD flow of liquid on a microstructural slipped surface. The effects of a uniform heat source/sink (HS/S) with homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions have been incorporated in energy and mass profiles. The governing equations are converted to ordinary differential equations using proper similarity variables. The converted equations are computed by the implementation of Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) 4th 5th order with shooting technique. A list of the essential dimensionless constraints and graphs showing how they are affected are provided. The outcome of the problem shows that the electric parameter will improve the velocity but decline the microrotation profile. Further, both heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions have a decreasing concentration. While the heat distribution rate increases with greater magnetic and electric fields, the surface drag force decreases.
A Comparative Journey into COVID-19 Policies in Europe
Authors: Egger Clara , Magni-Berton Raul 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter discusses the specificities of crisis-management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and presents the main purpose of this book. It highlights the importance of collecting comparative and legislative data on pandemic containment to be able to evaluate emergency public policies. It then presents the EXCEPTIUS dataset, its methods and the indicators it uses to capture the stringency of COVID-19 exceptional policies. Based on legal data from 32 European countries, this dataset documents a high degree of variability between these countries, particularly regarding the concentration of power and the reduction of individual liberties.
Freedom of Movement
Authors: Conde Belmonte José Enrique , Huesca González Ana María , Villacián Goncer Paloma 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUsing comparative data from EXCEPTIUS combined with a focus on some typical country cases, this chapter compares the different restrictions to freedom of movement imposed by European countries. The European experience with restrictions on freedom of movement has been incredibly diverse and mixed. In this way, we can see that many EU Member States not only decided to close their external borders and suspend the freedoms linked to the Schengen area (e.g., by closing airports during the first wave), but in some cases limiting or even restricting mobility between municipalities and regions. The general line regarding movement restrictions in most cases would be limited only to the prohibition for nationals not to leave and for foreigners or non-residents to enter the country. However, in some more extreme or restrictive cases, prohibitions affected local entities of lower rank, including time restrictions and specific mobility limitations. The first part of the chapter delimits the legal framework used to regulate freedom of movement in the EU Member States. It then goes on with an evaluation of the different restrictions adopted by these governments. By doing so, the chapter provides a broad overview of the different and sometimes contradictory measures taken by national governments and other administrative entities, in addition to providing a human rights perspective.
COVID-19 and Asylum Rights
Authors: Churruca-Muguruza Cristina , Cretu Anca , Urrutia-Asua Gorka 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMost countries in Europe and around the world adopted a vast array of measures and, especially during the first stages of the pandemic, many had a marked punitive and coercive nature. Governments used states of exception to curtail the rights of migrants and asylum seekers with a certain degree of impunity. In this context, the aim of this chapter is to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the experiences of migrants and asylum seekers in the European Union (EU). To do so, it first discusses the main policy responses in the EU context and their implications for fundamental rights, specifically for the right to asylum. Then, special emphasis is given to the European Southern border, a critical intersection that illustrates the challenges and dilemmas faced by EU Mediterranean states in balancing public health priorities and human rights responsibilities. The chapter specifically focuses on the case study of the Spanish city of Melilla. Here, the merging of pandemic measures, border control and the treatment of vulnerable populations becomes visible, offering insights into the broader socio-political implications of the pandemic.