bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poverty and food security impacts of sustainable intensification: Evidence from Ethiopia
Authors: Sariyev Orkhan , Asravor Jacob , Zeller Manfred 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As sustainable intensification is a major pathway for improving agricultural productivity and reducing the environmental impacts of land use, the Government of Ethiopia and international development organizations have been promoting several practices and technologies for sustainable intensification. Using panel data from 368 farming households in Ethiopia from 2014, 2016, and 2019, this study gauges the poverty and food security impacts of Integrated Soil Fertility Management technologies and their combined use with conservation agriculture practices, specifically minimum tillage and crop rotation. We find significant positive effects of ISFM adoption in terms of increasing dietary diversity and food expenditure and reducing food insecurity. In terms of poverty, ISFM adoption decreases the probability of being poor, the poverty gap, and the severity of poverty. When combined with CA practices, we find that the effects are consistently larger for farmers who integrate ISFM and CA for all food security and poverty measures. Our findings strongly suggest that the adoption of ISFM technologies has significant positive implications for poverty reduction and improved food security. These benefits are likely to gain a considerable boost if ISFM technologies are applied together with CA practices.
The Association Between Dating App Usage and Body Image Dissatisfaction among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hong Kong: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Chan Lik Sam , Wu-Ouyang Biying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Recent studies show that men who have sex with men (MSM) face body image concerns. This research examines the link between dating app usage and body image dissatisfaction among young MSM in Hong Kong, based on the transactional model of social media and body image concerns and cultivation theory.

Methods
A mixed-methods design was employed, with a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, 214 young MSM (18–34 years old) completed a survey assessing their dating app usage, muscularity ideal, and body image dissatisfaction in August and September 2021. In the qualitative phase, 14 selected MSM participated in semi-structured interviews in September and October 2022, reflecting on the impact of dating app usage on their body image.

Results
The quantitative phase revealed that more frequent dating app use was indirectly associated with a higher level of body image dissatisfaction via a stronger perception of muscularity ideal in the gay community. This association was weaker among MSM who were relatively older and those who exercised more frequently. The qualitative phase showed that relatively older MSM had connections to a broader gay culture and that MSM who exercised more often saw a wider range of body types, making them less susceptible to the recurring muscular images on dating apps.

Conclusions
While dating apps cultivate muscularity ideal, access to a more diverse gay culture can alleviate the influence of these apps on MSM’s body image concerns.

Policy Implications
Creating spaces for young MSM to expand their social circles and connect with diverse peer groups can help counter the negative influence of dating apps.
On metric dimension of symmetrical planer pyramid related graphs
Authors: Nazeer Saqib , Hussain Muhammad , Rehman Atiq ur , Ali Ali Hasan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Robotics and networking have transformed the world in numerous ways. Nowadays, computer networks play a vital role not only in business, education, and medical treatments, but also in entertainment. Graph theory has wide-ranging applications in robotics, tricky games, computer networking, map formations, image processing, Loran or Sonar models, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, medical networks (such as oxygen or other treatment wiring), navigation problems, electrical networks, and more. Metric dimension has left its mark on artificial intelligence, map navigation, image recognition, pattern formation, facility location problems, and resource management (cost, time, labor, and resources). Robots are used in almost every field of life, including saving lives in the medical field, and metric dimension plays a crucial role in ensuring their accuracy. In this recent work, we enhance the concept of reflection of graphs and introduce new graphs, which we have called horizontal reflection graphs. We also compute the metric dimension of

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Differentiation of human hyalocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells through ascorbic acid treatment
Authors: Mazzoldi Elena Laura , Benini Gabriele , Ferraro Rosalba Monica , Micheletti Moira , Martellosio Giovanni , Balduchelli Viola , Sacristani Piergiuseppe , Lussignoli Daniele , Semeraro Francesco , Rezzola Sara , Presta Marco , Bergandi Loredana , Meduri Alessandro , Giliani Silvia Clara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hyalocytes are macrophage-like cells residing in the eye vitreous cortex. Even though hyalocytes have been firstly described in the mid-Nineteenth century, they have been poorly explored. Recent researches highlighted hyalocyte involvement in both physiological and pathological processes of the vitreoretinal interface. Nonetheless, the majority of works involving hyalocyte cultures were carried out in animals, while fewer studies were performed on humans because their isolation requires vitrectomy. The aim of this study was to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hyalocytes as a non-invasive method to continuously obtain cells. iPSCs were first differentiated into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and then into macrophages. Macrophages were either left untreated (NT) or treated with ascorbic acid (AA) alone or combined with bFGF and/or TGF-β1. Additionally, macrophages were cultured in the presence of a pool of vitreous bodies from vitrectomies. Cells were analyzed for morphology and then for gene and protein expression through qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, Western Blot, and flow cytometry. Similar to cells treated with the vitreous body, macrophages treated with AA alone or in combination with bFGF exhibited a more elongated shape compared to NT or cells treated with TGF-β1. Additionally, these treatments resulted in gene expression downregulation for S100A4, S100A10, S100B, and CX3CR1, while upregulating COL6A1, HLA-DRA, and CD74. At the protein level, S100B, CD14, and CD49d were downregulated with all treatments, while collagen VI and HLA-DR were upregulated. This work demonstrates that hyalocytes can be differentiated by treatment of iPSC-derived macrophages with ascorbic acid for a period of 21 days.
Assessment of Pharmacovigilance Across University Hospitals in Morocco
Authors: Hamzaoui Hind , Shaum Anna , Cherkaoui Imad , Moussa Latifa Ait , Sefiani Houda , Talibi Ismail , Benabdallah Ghita , Salman Omar , Ferrey Seth , Soulaymani Bencheikh Rachida 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the increased scrutiny on vaccine safety following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Morocco’s Centre of Antipoison and Pharmacovigilance (CAPM) remained concerned that the pharmacovigilance system in Morocco was insufficiently implemented, including limited adverse event (AE) reporting, poor data use, and inconsistent training nationwide.

Objectives
We sought to assess the status of pharmacovigilance activities (PAs) prior to formally institutionalizing them across university hospital centers (UHCs), given their position as the main providers of healthcare in Morocco and key sources for reporting serious AEs.

Methods
We assessed seven UHCs (housing 30 hospitals) in 2023 using a structured questionnaire with pharmacovigilance focal points developed from the World Health Organization’s indicators of pharmacovigilance and the Global Benchmarking Tool. Data were grouped into 28 PAs and scored from 0 (not implemented) to 3 (fully implemented). We then calculated an implementation rate for each site on the basis of percent of PAs fully implemented (≥ 70%, well established; > 40% to < 70%, partially implemented; and ≤ 40%, not implemented). A desk review was also performed at the sites. Using the results of the assessment, three working groups of pharmacovigilance stakeholders developed recommendations to be formally adopted by UHCs.

Results
Basic elements of pharmacovigilance (notification forms and VigiFlow® or Excel databases) were present at all the UHCs assessed. In total, 14 hospitals (47%) had well-established PAs, including advanced activities such as signal detection of adverse events following the use of medicines and vaccines, as well as causality assessment; 9 hospitals (30%) were partially implementing pharmacovigilance, and 7 hospitals (23%) had no established activities or very basic activities. Within four UHCs, activities had not been implemented at the same level from one hospital to another and vaccine vigilance was largely deprioritized. The working groups made recommendations for improving collaboration, standardizing procedures, and outlining a new organizational structure for pharmacovigilance, which was institutionalized by a formal agreement among UHCs in July 2023.

Conclusions
The assessment revealed a subgroup of centers with well-established AE signal detection and causality assessment abilities, which could play a leading role in the country. After the site assessment, our collaborative approach of bringing together focal points to identify next steps and generate buy-in helped to formalize pharmacovigilance across centers.
The Gap Is Getting Closer: Trends in Absolute and Relative Black-White HIV Mortality Disparities in the USA (1999–2023)
Authors: Azzam Ahmed , Khaled Heba 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
This study analyzes trends in HIV-related mortality disparities between Black and White populations in the USA from 1999 to 2023.

Methods
CDC WONDER data were utilized to assess absolute disparities, measured as the age-adjusted mortality rate difference, and relative disparities, measured as the age-adjusted mortality rate ratio, in Black-White HIV mortality. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, with the average annual percentage change (AAPC) serving as a summary measure for the entire period and the annual percentage change (APC) used to evaluate the magnitude of change within specific intervals.

Results
The absolute disparity showed a consistent decline, with an AAPC of − 6.46% (p < 0.001). Similarly, the relative disparity significantly decreased, with an AAPC of − 1.10% (p < 0.001). A detailed analysis of relative disparity revealed a notable inflection point in 2007, marked by an initial increase from 1999 to 2007 (APC 0.96%, p = 0.002), followed by a decline from 2007 to 2023 (APC − 2.12%, p < 0.001). The findings for both Black-White females and males consistently demonstrated reductions in both relative and absolute disparities, aligning with the overall trend. Among age categories, the 45–54 age group showed the greatest improvement in absolute (− 8.11%) and relative (− 2.65%) disparities, while the 25–34 group showed the least, with a slight increase in relative disparity (+ 0.23%, p = 0.66).

Conclusion
This study shows significant progress in reducing absolute Black-White HIV mortality disparities, while the reduction in relative inequalities is more modest, emphasizing the need for continued and strengthened public health efforts.
A comprehensive analysis of tracing the sources and dynamics of pollutants in a tropical Miri River, NW Borneo
Authors: William Fiona Bassy , Mohan Viswanathan Prasanna , Ramasamy Nagarajan , Sabarathinam Chidambaram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The fractionation and distribution of elemental composition in water (particulate and colloid) and sediments were assessed to understand the major geochemical processes that control the contaminant transport in the Miri River, NW Borneo. Further, the study also focused on determining the potential sources of geochemical elements and assessing the ecological risk. In this regard, 11 surface water and 35 river bed sediment samples were collected along the course of the Miri River and analyzed for various elemental compositions. Pollution indices such as geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and contamination factor (CF) were used to determine the pollution status of the river. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also used to identify the key geochemical processes that control the metal distribution and its sources. The interpretation of the results indicates that elemental distribution in size fractions showed an increasing concentration trend from the colloidal to the particulate fraction. Fe was observed to be the dominant metal in both water and sediments, indicating the weathering of river sediments. Cd, Pb and Zn are mostly derived from anthropogenic impacts and risk evaluation indicate the probability of adverse ecological threats to the riverine biota. Colloidal fractions (0.30 µm and 0.20 µm) were identified as the primary facilitators of contaminant transport, particularly in the upstream and midstream, whereas particulate (0.45 µm) dominates in the downstream due to the tidal influx of seawater. PCA analysis confirmed that the majority of pollutants were contributed by domestic and industrial discharge, seawater incursion, geogenic sources and agricultural inputs.
Aerial-Ground Collaborative Routing with Uncertain Exploration Value
Authors: Moon Chaehwan , Choi Euihyeon , Ahn Jaemyung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study develops a novel framework for aerial-ground collaborative routing that addresses uncertainty in exploration value. The framework enables an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to conduct rapid reconnaissance while a ground vehicle (GV) gathers profit, dynamically optimizing the GV’s route based on updated information. Two complementary approaches are presented: a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation for optimal path selection and an adaptive two-phase method for robust, uncertain environment exploration. A case study validates these approaches, demonstrating how aerial-ground collaboration improves mission efficiency and information acquisition in uncertain environments.
Fallibilism and Generative AI in Cartography: Some Fundamental Theoretical Thoughts
Authors: Edler Dennis , Drews Jule , Berr Karsten , Kühne Olaf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the significance of various forms of fallibilism in the context of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and its applications in cartography. Fallibilism, as an epistemological approach, emphasizes the fundamental fallibility of knowledge (here particularly scientific knowledge and AI-generated knowledge) and calls for critical reflection on its limits and uncertainties. Five variants of fallibilism (epistemological, methodological, ontological, pragmatic, and neopragmatic) are examined in this context. The epistemological approach emphasizes the provisional nature of knowledge, while the methodological approach focuses on the need for error-tolerant methods. Ontological fallibilism questions fundamental assumptions about reality, and pragmatic and neopragmatic fallibilism emphasize the practical utility of knowledge and iterative development. The neopragmatic approach, which integrates all other perspectives, offers a flexible and practice-oriented framework. This framework promotes the creation of useful, dynamic, and inclusive cartographic applications. The article discusses how generative AI can be utilized within the neopragmatic framework of fallibilism to constructively address uncertainties and develop socially relevant solutions, particularly in the realm of cartography.
Can host reproduction number inform the invasion potential of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), into endemic Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), areas in southeastern Australia?
Authors: Dominiak Bernard Charles 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The competitive displacement of one tephritid species by another tephritid is much discussed but not well understood. In south-eastern Australia, Bactrocera tryoni is speculated to have competitively displaced Ceratitis capitata by 1953. Here, I compared the host reproduction number (HRN) in 37 host fruit for B. tryoni and C. capitata to calculate a reproductive advantage (RA) for each fruit fly. I found 17 hosts where the RA favoured C. capitata but this number declined after tropical hosts were removed from the list. There were four hosts with RA > 10. Regarding the RA for B. tryoni, I found 20 hosts favouring B. tryoni (12 with RA > 10) with several commonly grown hosts at the time of displacement. I speculate that HRN and RA may partly explain why B. tryoni displaced C. capitata. The possible role of other tephritids in the displacement of C. capitata could not be assessed due to lack of HRN data.
Physical activity, eating behavior, and body image perception among university students
Authors: Tey Wooi Yue , Loo Rong Ying , Tsai Meng-Che , Say Yee How , Ng Ai Kah , Tan Seok Shin , Tan Seok Tyug , Cheah Khang Jin , Tan Chin Xuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Inaccurate body image perception could contribute to the adoption of unhealthy eating behaviors and physical inactivity. This study aimed to assess the physical activity, eating behaviors, and body image perception of university students.

Methods
A total of 427 university students were recruited through convenience sampling for this cross-sectional study. The height and weight of the respondents were physically measured. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. Eating behaviors, including cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating, were evaluated using the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21. Body image perception was measured using the Ma Figural Stimuli.

Results
Most university students (72.6%) had accurate body image perceptions. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in total physical activity between students with accurate and inaccurate body image perception. Males had significantly higher uncontrolled eating scores (p < 0.05) compared to females, while obese students exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) cognitive restraint and uncontrolled eating scores compared to underweight students.

Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of understanding body image perception among university students when designing physical activity interventions aimed at body weight management.
Impact of empiric antibiotics on risk of Clostridioides difficile—a causal inference observational analysis
Authors: Pappas Matthew A. , Herzig Shoshana J. , Auerbach Andrew D. , Deshpande Abhishek , Blanchard Eunice , Rothberg Michael B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a common and often nosocomial infection associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Antibiotic use is the most important modifiable risk factor, but many patients require empiric antibiotics. We estimated the increased risk of hospital-onset CDI with one daily dose-equivalent (DDE) of various empiric antibiotics compared to management without that daily dose-equivalent.

Methods:
Using a multicenter retrospective cohort of adults admitted between March 2, 2020 and February 11, 2021 for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, we used a series of three-level logistic regression models to estimate the probability of receiving each of several antibiotics of interest. For each antibiotic, we then limited our data set to patient-days at intermediate probability of receipt and used augmented inverse-probability weighted models to estimate the average treatment effect of one daily dose-equivalent, compared to management without that daily dose-equivalent, on the probability of hospital-onset CDI.

Results:
In 24,406 patient-days at intermediate probability of receipt, parenteral vancomycin increased risk of hospital-onset CDI, with an average treatment effect of 0.0096 cases per daily dose-equivalent (95% CI: 0.0053—0.0138). In 38,003 patient-days at intermediate probability of receipt, cefepime also increased subsequent CDI risk, with an estimated effect of 0.0074 more cases per daily dose-equivalent (95% CI: 0.0022—0.0126).

Conclusions:
Among common empiric antibiotics, parenteral vancomycin and cefepime appeared to increase risk of hospital-onset CDI. Causal inference observational study designs can be used to estimate patient-level harms of interventions such as empiric antimicrobials.
Preoperative anxiety and its impact on surgical outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shebl Mohamed A. , Toraih Eman , Shebl Menna , Tolba Ahmed Mosaad , Ahmed Parisa , Banga Harshdeep Singh , Orz Mohab , Tammam Mahmoud , Saadalla Keroles , Elsayed Mohamed , Kamal Mennatallah , Abdulla Mohamed , Eldessouky Ahmed Ibrahim , Moustafa Yousef Tarek , Mohamed Omar Ahmed , Aiash Hani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Preoperative anxiety is a common phenomenon affecting 60–80% of surgical patients, with potential implications for surgical outcomes. Despite its prevalence, there remains a lack of consensus on its precise effects and optimal management strategies.

Objective:
This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize current evidence on the impact of preoperative anxiety on various surgical outcomes, including anesthetic and analgesic requirements, delirium, recovery times, and pain.

Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive literature search and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between preoperative anxiety and surgical outcomes. Standardized mean differences (SMD), correlation (COR), and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results:
Our analysis revealed significant associations between preoperative anxiety and increased anesthetic requirements (SMD = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.32–1.01) and analgesic requirements (SMD = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.65–1.12). Preoperative anxiety was associated with postoperative delirium in adults (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.11–3.26), unlike the pediatric population. Preoperative anxiety was associated with prolonged time to reach Modified Aldrete Score of 9 (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.50–1.07) and extubation time (SMD = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.58–1.21). Preoperative anxiety was positively correlated with propofol consumption (STAI-S COR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.15–0.55). No significant association between preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain was found.

Conclusions:
This meta-analysis provides evidence for the wide-ranging effects of preoperative anxiety on surgical outcomes. The findings emphasize the need for routine preoperative anxiety screening and the development of targeted interventions. Future research should focus on long-term impacts and the effectiveness of various anxiety management strategies.