bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tightly coupled GNSS RTK/IMU integration with GA-BP neural network for challenging urban navigation
Authors: Rui Sun , Xiaotong Shang , Qi Cheng , Lei Jiang , Qi Sheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Intelligent transportation system is increasing the importance of real-time acquisition of positioning, navigation, and timing information from high-accuracy global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) based on carrier phase observations. The complexity of urban environments, however, means that GNSS signals are prone to reflection, diffraction and blockage by tall buildings, causing a degraded positioning accuracy. To address this issue, we have proposed a tightly coupled single-frequency multi-system single-epoch real-time kinematic (RTK) GNSS/inertial measurement unit (IMU) integration algorithm with the assistance of genetic algorithm back propagation based on low-cost IMU equipment for challenging urban navigation. Unlike the existing methods, which only use IMU corrections predicted by machine learning as a direct replacement of filtering corrections during GNSS outages, this algorithm introduces a more accurate and efficient IMU corrections prediction model, and it is underpinned by a dual-check GNSS assessment where the weights of GNSS measurements and neural network predictions are adaptively adjusted based on duration of the integrated system GNSS failure, assisting RTK/IMU integration in GNSS outages or malfunction conditions. Field tests demonstrate that the proposed prediction model results in a 68.69% and 69.03% improvement in the root mean square error in the 2D and 3D component when the training and testing data are collected under 150 s GNSS signal-blocked conditions. This corresponds to 52.43% and 51.27% for GNSS signals discontinuously blocked with 500 s.
Inquiry-based astronomy in West Java secondary schools
Authors: Sarah Lia Laela , Aria Utama Judhistira , Suhandi Andi , Rustaman Nuryani , Kadarohman Asep 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the presence and utilisation of inquiry-based activities in astronomy education within secondary science and physics classrooms. Employing document analysis, surveys, classroom observations, and interviews, the study comprehensively assesses the nature of inquiry activities, teachers’ experiences, integration of astronomy into curriculum, resources availability and science teachers’ perceived proficiency in astronomical observation skills. Findings from 50 secondary science and senior high physics teachers reveal coverage of the Solar System and Earth–Moon–Sun motion in secondary science, and integration of astronomy concepts like universal gravitation and Kepler’s laws into physics classrooms. However, inquiry-based astronomy teaching is limited, with only 10% of educators feeling proficient in telescope use and low adoption of virtual laboratories and simulations. The study underscores the necessity for adaptive inquiry-based activities in astronomy education to enhance science and physics classrooms, proposing direct and indirect celestial object observation, virtual inquiries, and hands-on simulations to bridge skill gaps and resource utilisation shortcomings, thus enriching astronomy education at the secondary level.
Interdisciplinary approaches between physics and art using the example of optical experiments and artistic light installations
Authors: Wolke Nathalie , Laumann Daniel , Webersen Yvonne 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The disciplines of physics and art are often seen as antithetical in social and educational contexts. However, in recent years, STEAM education has promoted the collaboration of art and STEM. Linking the subjects together offers a wide range of learning opportunities. For example, the design of (video) light installations can develop both artistic and physical skills. Such a teaching approach allows to address different types of interests within the same lesson. In this article, two basic ways of meaningfully combining artistic and physical topics are presented: ‘STEAM design’ and ‘STEAM explanation’. The approaches are described using the example of teaching optics at secondary school level, but in principle they can be applied to other grade levels or physical subjects.
Study of drain-induced channel effects in vertical GaN junction field-effect transistors
Authors: Chen Zengfa , Yue Wen , Zhu Renqiang , Wang Min , Zhu Xi , Lin Jinpei , Huang Shuangwu , Liu Xinke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A normally-off vertical gallium nitride (GaN) junction field-effect transistor (JFET) is demonstrated in this work. The device shows an on/off current ratio of 3.6 × 1010, a threshold voltage (V
TH) of 1.64 V, and a specific on-resistance (R
ON,SP) of 1.87 mΩ·cm2. Drain-induced channel effects were proposed to explain the change in the gate current at different drain voltages. Drain current decline in the output characteristics and the reverse turn-on between drain and source can be explained by effects. A technological computer-aided design was used to simulate the change of the depletion region and confirm the explanation. Detailed analyses of the channel effects provide a reference for the design of novel structures. The characteristics at different temperatures demonstrated the stability of threshold voltage and specific on-resistance, thus indicating the great potential of applications in switching power circuits of vertical GaN JFETs.
Artificial intelligence warm-start approach: optimizing the generalization capability of QAOA in complex energy landscapes
Authors: Zhao Runsheng , Cheng Tao , Wang Rui , Fan Xingkui , Ma Hongyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To address the issue of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm frequently encountering local minima and the cost of parameter optimization within complex non-convex optimization energy landscapes, we consider a warm-start method. This approach leverages the characteristics of transition states in the enhanced optimizer, specifically descending along unique negative curvature directions, to find smaller local minima. Our research results indicate that with the assistance of an enhanced pre-training structure of the AlphaZero AI model, the initialization generalization ability of the new optimizer is significantly enhanced across various test sets. We train on 2-SAT training sets with clause densities between α ≈ 2.6 and α ≈ 2.89, and transfer to more complex test sets. Additionally, the average residual energy density in transfer learning consistently remains below 0.01, even achieving a high transfer success probability of 98% in hard instances with α ≈ 3.7. The search efficiency, pre-trained by ensemble learning, was significantly enhanced, while only requiring simple interpolation of a few transition points to transfer on the global optimal solutions at higher sample clause densities.
Ion temperature gradient mode modulational stability analysis with cairn’s distribution
Authors: Khan Aziz , Ullah Zakir , BiBi Hifsa , Nawaz Sawera , Shahid Ansa , Ali Moniba 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this manuscript, we have studied electron-ion plasma with inhomogeneity in equilibrium number density and temperature. Ions are the dynamic species, and lighter particles in plasma obey the cairn’s distribution. We introduce Brajinskii’s equation for dynamic species and get the linear dispersion relation and the nonlinear Schrodinger equation by the reduction perturbation method. From the linear dispersion relation, we found the mode frequency and phase velocity, while from the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, we obtained the stability and instability of the ion temperature gradient mode modulation. Findings show that phase velocity is dependent on the superthermality coefficient and other plasma parameters like ion temperature, ion density, and mode parameter η

i
. Further, the modulational stability and instability of the mode vary with the superthermality coefficient and other plasma parameters, especially the η

i
. We can apply these observations equally to the laboratory as well as to the space plasma.
Deuterium retention in co-deposition with lithium in Magnum-PSI: experimental analysis and comparison with SOLPS-ITER
Authors: Morbey M. , Gonzalez J. , Arnoldbik W.M. , Tyburska-Pueschel B. , Morgan T.W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The vapor-box, a liquid metal design for the divertor, utilizes lithium recirculation through evaporation and condensation. Safety concerns arise from Li-D/T formation and co-deposition on vapor-box walls and the first wall, affecting tritium retention. Additively manufactured tungsten capillary porous structure (CPS) samples with Li were exposed to high heat flux D plasmas in the linear plasma device Magnum-PSI, to study D retention in Li–D co-deposition dependence on substrate temperature (200

∘

C–428

∘

C) and distance from the plasma beam center (25–85 mm). The D:Li ratio was determined via in-situ ion beam diagnostics with simultaneously analyzed Nuclear Reaction Analysis and Elastic Backscattering Spectroscopy spectra to maximize the precision. Experimental results approach close to the theoretical maximum at 40:60 D:Li ratio and deposited film thickness ranging from 0.02 to 3.2 µm. Witness plate temperatures above 400

∘

C yielded Li films under 150 nm in thickness with lower D:Li ratios (5:95 D:Li ratio). At this temperature LiD decomposition pressure is comparable with vessel pressure during plasma. SOLPS-ITER simulations narrowed CPS surface temperature to 650

∘

C–700

∘

C, indicating Li+ plasma dominance near the target surface. Redeposition ratio of lithium on the CPS surface was determined to be around 80

%

, matching quartz crystal microbalance results. However, SOLPS-ITER simulations lacked accuracy in recreating observed Li and D deposition layers on WPs, improvements are needed to model plasmas with significant Li quantities. Extension of SOLPS-ITER simulations to include LiD molecules and enhance heat flux accuracy is crucial for better alignment with experimental data.
All-PM Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser with high single pulse energy and high repetition frequency
Authors: Fu Chaohui , Song Yuanqi , Tao Jianing , Zhang Pu , Qi Mei , Chen Haowei , Bai Jintao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate an all-polarization-maintaining (PM) ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber laser with a figure-of-9 structure to generate mode-locked pulses with high single pulse energy and high repetition frequency. By exploiting the nonlinear amplifying loop mirror, a stably self-started mode-locking is achieved with a spectrum bandwidth of 13 nm and a pulse duration of 4.53 ps. The fundamental frequency is 97.966 MHz at the maximum output power of 143 mW in single pulse mode-locked operation, corresponding to the single pulse energy is 1.46 nJ. The output pulses maintain both high repetition frequency and high single-pulse energy. This laser oscillator can be an ideal seed source for applications such as high-energy amplifiers.
Enhancing the quality factor of aerosol jet printed RF spiral inductors through gold electroplating
Authors: Mosa Md Abu , Kang Huijune , Jo Jeong Yeop , Bang Jinho , Ahn Dal , Jang Youna , Kwon Kye-Si 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Aerosol jet printing (AJP) outperforms inkjet printing by significantly reducing printed line width, effectively addressing issues such as bulging and surface irregularities. This technology allows for line widths as narrow as 10–100 μm with high aspect ratios, making it well-suited for radio frequency (RF) applications. Consequently, AJP emerges as a valuable tool for direct printing in RF applications. Among conductive inks, silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) ink is preferred for its straightforward direct printing process and lower sintering temperature requirements. However, the conductivity of printed Ag NP traces falls markedly below that of bulk silver due to significant porosity, limiting its use in RF applications where a high-quality factor is essential. The quality factor of an inductor, indicative of its efficiency in energy storage and release, inversely correlates with its resistance. Our research combines AJP with selective electroplating to reduce the resistance of printed traces, thereby enhancing the inductor’s quality factor for RF applications. We fabricated spiral inductors on alumina substrates using silver NP ink and subsequently applied selective gold electroplating to these traces. This approach led to a significant increase in the inductors’ quality factor, improving it by a factor of 3–5 in the RF frequency range of 100–700 MHz.
Management of eutrophication using combined the ‘flock & sink’ mitigation technique and submerged plants restoration: a mesocosm study
Authors: Liu Yutian , Liu Jinfu , Chen Yuwei , Dai Taotao , Li Wei , Xu Jinying , Zhang Xiaoliang , Tang Linsen , Zheng Fangwen , Zhong Jiayou 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Currently, the issue of eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms persists in water bodies worldwide, prompting the exploration of various treatment methods. This study conducted a comparative analysis of eutrophic water bodies using ferric chloride-modified zeolite (FMZ) and calcium hydroxide-modified zeolite (CMZ) combined with Elodea nuttallii (E. nuttallii) for removal and purification effects. The results revealed that the addition of E. nuttallii had a sustained inhibitory effect on phosphorus release, maintaining stability with lower Turbidity(Tur) and stabilized pH within the range of 8.5–9. FMZ demonstrated rapid reduction in dissolved phosphorus concentration, achieving a removal rate of 96% within 3 days. The combined plant group of CMZ and FMZ exhibited synergistic effects with E. nuttallii, achieving an impressive total phosphorus (TP) removal rate of 80.13% and a total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of 48.77%. Additionally, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration decreased from 100.74 ± 24.72 μg l−1 to 49.96 ± 2.08 μg l−1. The phytoplankton community composition indicated that diatoms thrived in low temperatures and high NH4 conditions. Under the same low Total Nitrogen to Total Phosphorus (TN:TP) ratio, high TP concentrations were associated with cyanobacteria dominance, while green algae dominated in other scenarios. This comprehensive approach demonstrates the potential efficacy of CMZ and FMZ combined with E. nuttallii in addressing eutrophic water bodies and mitigating cyanobacterial blooms.
Instant green synthesis: obtaining stable nanoparticles and understanding the extract's behavior in the particle formation mechanism
Authors: Franco Nicolas S , Boscardin Patrícia M D , Terhaag Marcela M , Sakai Otávio A , Oliveira Giselle G do C de 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Numerous plant extracts are abundant in biomolecules that can be employed in the biogenic synthesis of metallic nanoparticles owing to their potent reducing capabilities. The mechanism by which biomolecules act as reducers and expedite the reduction of silver ions remains poorly understood. This study presents an instantaneous and environmentally friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using varying concentrations of commercially available green tea and concentrations of a dextrose-reducing solution. The AgNPs formed instantaneously, likely due to the competitive reaction between the polyphenols present in green tea and the dextrose. The best AgNPs produced using a diluted green tea solution at a concentration of 0.05 g of tea/ml and 100 μl of dextrose solution exhibited high stability over a period of 90 days, as confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The results of antioxidant properties from diluited tea showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 0.013 ± (0.1) μmol Trolox Equivalent Anyioxidant Capacity (TEAC) TEAC/g, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) 10.3 ± (0.1) μmol TEAC/g and Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) 0.12 ± (.001) μgGAE(Galic Acid Equivalent)/g). The resulting nanoparticles are extremely small, measuring approximately 30 to 50 nm in size, and exhibit a spherical morphology as evidenced by SEM imaging. The plasmon bandwidth is better in more diluted tea and higher proportions of dextrose added than the others condition of synthesis. Probably, the results of 2nd extraction of green tea diluted can be evidence that phenolic compounds, mainly, caffeine and gallic acid, are contributing to forming and stabilizing the silver nanoparticles. This fundamental knowledge showed the method employed is ecologically sound and adheres to green principles.
UiO-66@Fe3O4 nanocomposite as an adsorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction of metformin in surface water and wastewater
Authors: Sekopelo Abigail Goitumetswe , Munonde Tshimangadzo Saddam , Nqombolo Azile , Mpupa Anele , Nomngongo Philiswa Nosizo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Metformin, an anti-hypoglycemic medication, has been used for decades due to its efficiency and is the most consumed pharmaceutical drug worldwide. Consequently, monitoring its concentration in environmental water is important due to its suspected effect on human health and aquatic life. This study reported the extraction, preconcentration, separation and determination of metformin (MET) in waters. Dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) using UiO-66@Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a sorbent was used to extract and preconcentrate MET. The high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) achieved the separation and quantification of MET in the samples. Experiemental design was used to optimise influential variables in the extraction and preconcentration of MET. The linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for MET were 0.5–100 μg L−1 (R2 = 0.9987), 0.16 μg L−1 and 0.53 μg L−1, respectively. The intraday (n = 10 same-day replicates) and interday (n = 5 consecutive days) precisions reported as relative standard deviations (RSD %) were less than 5%. The accuracy of the method expressed as percentage recovery (%R) ranged from 84 to 112%. The method was applied to extract and preconcentrate MET in wastewater and river water samples. The MET was detected in greater concentrations in wastewater than in river water samples. The validation based on specificity, trueness, linearity, precision, and application to the analysis of MET in real samples showed that the combination of dSPE and HPLC-DAD methods is applicable for MET monitoring in surface water and wastewater. Furthermore, the dSPE/HPLC-DAD method was rapid, simple and suitable for estimating the concentrations of MET in South African surface water and wastewater for the first time. Lastly, the environmental risk caused by the occurrence of MET in surface water was investigated in terms of hazard quotient (HQ). The HQ values were less than unity, suggesting a low possibility risk for the aquatic organisms.
Hardware software co-design for leveraging STDP in a memristive neuroprocessor
Authors: Chakraborty Nishith N , Ameli Shelah O , Das Hritom , Schuman Catherine D , Rose Garrett S 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In neuromorphic computing, different learning mechanisms are being widely adopted to improve the performance of a specific application. Among these techniques, spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) stands out as one of the most favored. STDP is simply managed by the temporal information of an event, which is biologically inspired. However, most of the prior works on STDP are focused on circuit implementation or software simulation for performance evaluation. Previous works also lack a comparative analysis of the performances of different STDP implementations. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of STDP, centering on the performance across various applications such as classification (static and temporal datasets), control, and reservoir computing. Different applications necessitate distinct STDP configurations to achieve optimal performance with the neuroprocessor. Additionally, this work introduces an application-specific integrated circuit design of STDP circuitry. The design is based on current-controlled memristive synapse principles and utilizes 65 nm CMOS technology from IBM. The detailed presentation includes circuitry specifics, layout, and performance parameters such as energy consumption and design area.
Theorizing Social Kinds
Authors: Stowers Stanley 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Two approaches to natural kinds and social kinds have been particularly successful and complementary, the epistemic and the constitutive or ontological. The first forms a key aspect of scientific and social scientific research methods and allows for projection and prediction. The second illuminates the building blocks, relations, and internal processes that allow social kinds to have relative stability and to reproduce themselves. The second has also found success in normative projects of ethics and social critique. Religion in this light appears to be a social kind like economic recession and racism, which do not have to be recognized by a population in order to exist.
Thinking the Ontology of Religion
Authors: Stowers Stanley 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Possibilities for making our social theory and theory of religion richer and more adequate have emerged from the new social ontology in philosophy that goes back to the revival of metaphysics in the 1960s and 1970s. The recent work of John Searle and especially Brian Epstein have demonstrated this potential. The chapter explains this social ontology and in the second half applies its notions of grounding to the four social subkinds of religion. The results suggest the mindboggling possibilities for social analysis and make some key points about religion. The second section discusses how each of the four subtypes is grounded, that is, are determined and what they depend on.
Unveiling aging dynamics in the hematopoietic system insights from single-cell technologies
Authors: Jin Xinrong , Zhang Ruohan , Fu Yunqi , Zhu Qiunan , Hong Liquan , Wu Aiwei , Wang Hu 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
As the demographic structure shifts towards an aging society, strategies aimed at slowing down or reversing the aging process become increasingly essential. Aging is a major predisposing factor for many chronic diseases in humans. The hematopoietic system, comprising blood cells and their associated bone marrow microenvironment, intricately participates in hematopoiesis, coagulation, immune regulation and other physiological phenomena. The aging process triggers various alterations within the hematopoietic system, serving as a spectrum of risk factors for hematopoietic disorders, including clonal hematopoiesis, immune senescence, myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukemia. The emerging single-cell technologies provide novel insights into age-related changes in the hematopoietic system. In this review, we summarize recent studies dissecting hematopoietic system aging using single-cell technologies. We discuss cellular changes occurring during aging in the hematopoietic system at the levels of the genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics and spatial multi-omics. Finally, we contemplate the future prospects of single-cell technologies, emphasizing the impact they may bring to the field of hematopoietic system aging research.