bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated sediment fluxes by water and tillage erosion on European agricultural land
Authors: Van Oost K. , Cerdan O. , Quine T. A. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSoil loss on arable agricultural land is typically an order of magnitude higher than under undisturbed native vegetation. Although there have been several recent attempts to quantify these accelerated fluxes at the regional, continental and even global scale, all of these studies have focused on erosion by water and wind and no large scale assessment of the magnitude of tillage erosion has been made, despite growing recognition of its significance on agricultural land. Previous field scale simulations of tillage erosion severity have relied on use of high resolution topographic data to derive the measures of slope curvature needed to estimate tillage erosion rates. Here we present a method to derive the required measures of slope curvature from low resolution, but large scale, databases and use high resolution topographical datasets for several study areas in the UK to evaluate the reliability of the approach. On the basis of a tillage model and land‐use databases, we estimate the mean gross tillage erosion rates for the part of Europe covered by the CORINE database (6·5% of global cropland) and we obtained an average of 3·3 Mg ha–1 y–1, which corresponds to a sediment flux of 0·35 Pg y–1. Water erosion rates derived for the same area are of a similar magnitude. This redistribution of soil within agricultural fields substantially accelerates soil profile truncation and sediment burial in specific landscape positions and has a strong impact on medium‐term soil profile evolution. It is, therefore, clear that tillage erosion must be accounted for in regional assessments of sediment fluxes and in analyses that employ these in the analysis of land management strategies and biogeochemical cycles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of exceptional events on erosion, bedload transport and channel stability in a step‐pool channel
Authors: Turowski Jens M. , Yager Elowyn M. , Badoux Alexandre , Rickenmann Dieter , Molnar Peter 
Published: September 2009

AbstractSediment transport in the Erlenbach, a small stream with step‐pool morphology in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, has been monitored for more than 20 years. During this time three exceptional events (events with high sediment yield and long return times that have a large effect on channel morphology) have impacted the stream and partly or completely rearranged the existing step‐pool morphology. In the aftermath of the events, sediment transport rates at a given discharge and total sediment yield remained elevated for about a year or longer. For the last event, dated on the 20 June 2007, observations of boulder mobility and step destruction were used to interpret channel stability. Boulders with median diameters of up to 135 cm and estimated weights of more than 2·5 tons have moved during the 2007 event. Using hydraulic observations and shear stress calculations boulders up to 65 cm in diameter were predicted to have been fully mobile in peak conditions, even if form resistance and increased critical stresses needed for the initiation of motion in steep streams were taken into account. For two of the events, estimated peak shear stresses at the bed exceeded 1000 Pa, calculated both from observations of the flow hydraulics and from boulder mobility. This suggests that highly energetic flows occur relatively frequently in small, steep streams and that large boulders can be transported by fluvial processes in such streams. The observations have potential significance for hazard risk mitigation, stream engineering and restoration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seepage erosion in layered stream bank material
Authors: Lindow Nick , Fox Garey A. , Evans Robert O. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractCurrent stream restoration practices often require anthropogenic manipulation of natural field soils to reconstruct stream banks in the absence of stabilizing vegetation. For this study, researchers conducted laboratory experiments on reconstructed, non‐vegetated stream banks with layered soils experiencing seepage. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of seepage, pore water pressure, and bank geometry on erosion and bank stability of layered streambanks. The experimental design consisted of an intermediate‐size soil lysimeter packed with a sandy clay loam top soil and an underlying fine sand layer at three bank slopes (90°, 45° and 26°). Shallow groundwater flow and seepage resulted in bank failure of geometrically stable banks. Pop out failures, liquid deformation, and piping were all observed failure mechanisms in the underlying sand material, dependent on the bank angle. Groundwater seepage processes created small‐scale failures of the underlying sand leading to larger‐scale failures of the overlying sandy clay loam. The underlying sand layer eroded according to the initial bank angle and change in overburden loading. The overlying loam layer failed along linear failure planes. The gradually sloped bank (i.e. 26° slope) failed faster, hypothesized to be due to less confining pressure and greater vertical seepage forces. Researchers analyzed the laboratory experiments using the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model, version 4·1. The model calculated an accurate shear surface angle similar to the failure angle observed in the lysimeter tests. The model predicted failure only for the undercut 90° bank slope, and indicated stable conditions for the other geometries. Steeper initial bank slopes and undercut banks decreased the bank factor of safety. The observed failure mechanisms and measured saturation data indicated an interaction between overburden pressure, seepage forces, and bank slope on bank stability. Future bank stability modeling would benefit by incorporating lateral seepage erosion and soil liquefaction prediction calculations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PPFIA1 and CCND1 are frequently coamplified in breast cancer
Authors: Dancau Ana‐Maria , Wuth Laura , Waschow Marcel , Holst Frederik , Krohn Antje , Choschzick Matthias , Terracciano Luigi , Politis Sotirios , Kurtz Stefan , Lebeau Annette , Friedrichs Kay , Wencke Katharina , Monni Outi , Simon Ronald 
Published: September 2009

AbstractRecently, amplification of PPFIA1, encoding a member of the liprin family located about 600 kb telomeric to CCND1 on chromosome band 11q13, was described in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Because 11q13 amplification is frequent in breast cancer, and PPFIA1 has been suggested to contribute to mammary gland development, we hypothesized that PPFIA1 might also be involved in the 11q13 amplicon in breast cancer and contribute to breast cancer development. A tissue microarray containing more than 2000 human breast cancers was analyzed for gene copy numbers of PPFIA1 and CCND1 by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization. PPFIA1 amplification was found in 248/1583 (15.4%) of breast cancers. Coamplification with CCND1 was found in all (248/248, 100%) PPFIA1‐amplified cancers. CCND1 amplification without PPFIA1 coamplification was found in additional 117 (4.7%) tumors. Amplification of both PPFIA1 and CCND1 were significantly associated with high‐grade phenotype (P = 0.0002) but were unrelated to tumor stage (P = 0.7066) or nodal stage (P = 0.5807). No difference in patient prognosis was found between 248 CCND1/PPFIA1 coamplified tumors and 117 tumors with CCND1 amplification alone (P = 0.6419). These data show that PPFIA1 amplification occurs frequently in breast cancer. The higher incidence of CCND1 amplification when compared with PPFIA1, the lack of prognostic relevance of coamplifications, and the fact that PPFIA1 amplification was found exclusively in CCND1‐amplified cancers suggest that PPFIA1 gene copy number changes represent concurrent events of CCND1 amplification rather than specific biological incidents. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recurrent copy number gain of transcription factor SOX2 and corresponding high protein expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Freier Kolja , Knoepfle Karl , Flechtenmacher Christa , Pungs Susanne , Devens Frauke , Toedt Grischa , Hofele Christof , Joos Stefan , Lichter Peter , Radlwimmer Bernhard 
Published: September 2009

AbstractGene copy number aberrations are involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development. To delineate candidate genes inside critical chromosomal regions, array‐CGH was applied to 40 OSCC specimens using a microarray covering the whole human genome with an average resolution of 1 Mb. Gene copy number gains were predominantly found at 1q23 (9 cases), 3q26 (11), 5p15 (13), 7p11 (7), 8q24 (17), 11q13 (15), 14q32 (8), 19p13 (8), 19q12 (7), 19q13 (8), and 20q13 (9), whereas gene copy number losses were detected at 3p21‐3p12 (15), 8p32 (11), 10p12 (8), and 18q21‐q23 (10). Subsequent mRNA expression analyses by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction found high mRNA expression of candidate genes SOX2 in 3q26.33, FSLT3 in 19p13.3, and CCNE1 in 19q12. Tissue microarray (TMA) analyses in a representative OSCC collection found gene copy number gain for SOX2 in 52% (115/223) and for CCNE1 in 31% (72/233) of the tumors. Immunohistochemical analyses on TMA sections of the corresponding proteins detected high expression of SOX2 in 18.1% (49/271) and of CyclinE1 in 23.3% (64/275) of tumors analyzed. These findings indicate that SOX2 and CCNE1 might be activated via gene copy number gain and participate in oral carcinogenesis. The combination of array‐CGH with TMA analyses allows rapid pinpointing of novel promising candidate genes, which might be used as therapeutic stratification markers or target molecules for therapeutic interference. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroanatomical differences in brain areas implicated in perceptual and other core features of autism revealed by cortical thickness analysis and voxel‐based morphometry
Authors: Hyde Krista L. , Samson Fabienne , Evans Alan C. , Mottron Laurent 
Published: September 2009

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental variant thought to affect 1 in 166 [Fombonne (2003): J Autism Dev Disord 33:365–382]. Individuals with autism demonstrate atypical social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors, but can also present enhanced abilities, particularly in auditory and visual perception and nonverbal reasoning. Structural brain differences have been reported in autism, in terms of increased total brain volume (particularly in young children with autism), and regional gray/white matter differences in both adults and children with autism, but the reports are inconsistent [Amaral et al. (2008): Trends Neurosci 31:137–145]. These inconsistencies may be due to differences in diagnostic/inclusion criteria, and age and Intelligence Quotient of participants. Here, for the first time, we used two complementary magnetic resonance imaging techniques, cortical thickness analyses, and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM), to investigate the neuroanatomical differences between a homogenous group of young adults with autism of average intelligence but delayed or atypical language development (often referred to as “high‐functioning autism”), relative to a closely matched group of typically developing controls. The cortical thickness and VBM techniques both revealed regional structural brain differences (mostly in terms of gray matter increases) in brain areas implicated in social cognition, communication, and repetitive behaviors, and thus in each of the core atypical features of autism. Gray matter increases were also found in auditory and visual primary and associative perceptual areas. We interpret these results as the first structural brain correlates of atypical auditory and visual perception in autism, in support of the enhanced perceptual functioning model [Mottron et al. (2006): J Autism Dev Disord 36:27–43]. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemodynamic responses to speech and music in newborn infants
Authors: Kotilahti Kalle , Nissilä Ilkka , Näsi Tiina , Lipiäinen Lauri , Noponen Tommi , Meriläinen Pekka , Huotilainen Minna , Fellman Vineta 
Published: September 2009

AbstractWe used near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to study responses to speech and music on the auditory cortices of 13 healthy full‐term newborn infants during natural sleep. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lateralization of speech and music responses at this stage of development. NIRS data was recorded from eight positions on both hemispheres simultaneously with electroencephalography, electrooculography, electrocardiography, pulse oximetry, and inclinometry. In 11 subjects, statistically significant (P < 0.02) oxygenated (HbO2) and total hemoglobin (HbT) responses were recorded. Both stimulus types elicited significant HbO2 and HbT responses on both hemispheres in five subjects. Six of the 11 subjects had positive HbO2 and HbT responses to both stimulus types, whereas one subject had negative responses. Mixed positive and negative responses were observed in four neonates. On both hemispheres, speech and music responses were significantly correlated (r = 0.64; P = 0.018 on the left hemisphere (LH) and r = 0.60; P = 0.029 on the right hemisphere (RH)). On the group level, the average response to the speech stimuli was statistically significantly greater than zero in the LH, whereas responses on the RH or to the music stimuli did not differ significantly from zero. This suggests a more coherent response to speech on the LH. However, significant differences in lateralization of the responses or mean response amplitudes of the two stimulus types were not observed on the group level. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperphosphorylation of replication protein A in cisplatin‐resistant and ‐sensitive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Manthey Karoline C. , Glanzer Jason G. , Dimitrova Diana D. , Oakley Greg G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundResistance to chemotherapy is a major limitation in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), accounting for high mortality rates in patients. Here, we investigated the role of replication protein A (RPA) in cisplatin and etoposide resistance.MethodsWe used 6 parental HNSCC cell lines. We also generated 1 cisplatin‐resistant progeny subline from a parental cisplatin‐sensitive cell line, to examine cisplatin resistance and sensitivity with respect to RPA2 hyperphosphorylation and cell‐cycle response.ResultsCisplatin‐resistant HNSCC cell levels of hyperphosphorylated RPA2 in response to cisplatin were 80% to 90% greater compared with cisplatin‐sensitive cell lines. RPA2 hyperphosphorylation could be induced in the cisplatin‐resistant HNSCC subline. The absence of RPA2 hyperphosphorylation correlated with a defect in cell‐cycle progression and cell survival.ConclusionLoss of RPA2 hyperphosphorylation occurs in HNSCC cells and may be a marker of cellular sensitivities to cisplatin and etoposide in HNSCC. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Role of postoperative irradiation for patients with bilateral cervical nodal metastases from cutaneous melanoma: A critical assessment
Authors: Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh , Myers Jeffrey N. , Zagars Gunar K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of regional nodal radiation therapy (RT) for patients with bilateral cervical nodal metastases from melanoma.MethodsBetween 1998 and 2008, 16 patients with bilateral cervical metastases without distant metastases were treated with postoperative RT (30 Gy in 5 fractions delivered twice weekly).ResultsMedian follow‐up was 5 months (range, 1–34 months). Median survival was 9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0–23 months). Overall survival was 68%, 50%, and 27% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Regional nodal control was 74% and 64% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Rates of development of distant metastasis were 60%, 70%, and 90% at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively. The actuarial rate of RT‐related complications was 49% at 12 months.ConclusionThe limited life expectancy of patients observed with this disease combined with the high rate of RT‐related complications argue against the routine use of adjuvant RT for regional nodal disease in this setting. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Biochemical and clinical responses after treatment of a catecholamine‐secreting glomus jugulare tumor with gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Castrucci William A. , Chiang Veronica L. S. , Hulinsky Ilja , Knisely Jonathan P. S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBackgroundFunctional glomus jugulare tumors (GJTs) are commonly managed with resection. Although primary radiation therapy of functional GJT can provide durable control of tumor growth, little is known of its ability to ablate functional capacity.Methods and ResultsWe describe a case of a 47‐year‐old man with a symptomatic norepinephrine‐hypersecreting GJT treated with definitive single‐fraction gamma knife radiosurgery and pharmacologic catecholamine blockade. At a 32‐month follow‐up, he has experienced significant symptomatic improvement, excellent control of local tumor growth, minimal treatment‐related morbidity, and near normalization of catecholamine levels.ConclusionRadiosurgery was safe and effective in significantly reducing the functional capacity of a paraganglioma. Care must be taken to avoid inducing a hypertensive crisis during and following treatment, and longer follow‐up will help determine whether and when pharmacologic blockade can be discontinued. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Remission in schizophrenia: one‐year Italian prospective study of risperidone long‐acting injectable (RLAI) in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Rossi Alessandro , Bagalà Anna , Del Curatolo Vincenzo , Scapati Francesco , Bernareggi Micaela Maria , Giustra Maria Grazia 
Published: September 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the maintenance of efficacy of risperidone long‐acting injectable (RLAI) in stable patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. The prevalence of patients who met standardized remission criteria will be also evaluated as well as the predictors factors of remission according to psychopathological, psychosocial and subjective correlates.Methods52‐week, open‐label prospective trial in 347 stable patients switching directly to RLAI from any previous antipsychotic treatment.ResultsOne year of treatment was completed by 70% of patients. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total and subscale, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores improved from baseline at each assessment visit (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Drug Attitude Inventory 30 (DAI30) scores improved significantly from month 3 onwards. 32% of patients met sustained remission at week 52. In a logistic regression model less severe positive and negative PANSS scores at baseline predicted remission (p < 0.001). RLAI treatment was well tolerated: one‐third of patients reported mild to moderate adverse events (AEs). Eleven patients (3.2%) discontinued treatment due to an AE. No significant weight gain (p = 0.093) was reported.ConclusionsRLAI treatment up to one year improved symptoms and global functioning versus baseline, indicating that an established and accepted antipsychotic therapy can enable patients with schizophrenia to achieve and maintain remission. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving interpolation of daily precipitation for hydrologic modelling: spatial patterns of preferred interpolators
Authors: Kurtzman Daniel , Navon Shilo , Morin Efrat 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDetailed hydrologic models require high‐resolution spatial and temporal data. This study aims at improving the spatial interpolation of daily precipitation for hydrologic models. Different parameterizations of (1) inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation and (2) A local weighted regression (LWR) method in which elevation is the explanatory variable and distance, elevation difference and aspect difference are weighting factors, were tested at a hilly setting in the eastern Mediterranean, using 16 years of daily data. The preferred IDW interpolation was better than the preferred LWR scheme in 27 out of 31 validation gauges (VGs) according to a criteria aimed at minimizing the absolute bias and the mean absolute error (MAE) of estimations. The choice of the IDW exponent was found to be more important than the choice of whether or not to use elevation as explanatory data in most cases. The rank of preferred interpolators in a specific VG was found to be a stable local characteristic if a sufficient number of rainy days are averaged. A spatial pattern of the preferred IDW exponents was revealed. Large exponents (3) were more effective closer to the coast line whereas small exponents (1) were more effective closer to the mountain crest. This spatial variability is consistent with previous studies that showed smaller correlation distances of daily precipitation closer to the Mediterranean coast than at the hills, attributed mainly to relatively warm sea‐surface temperature resulting in more cellular convection coastward. These results suggest that spatially variable, physically based parameterization of the distance weighting function can improve the spatial interpolation of daily precipitation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of runoff and sediment yield in the Miyun Reservoir catchment by using SWAT model
Authors: Xu Z. X. , Pang J. P. , Liu C. M. , Li J. Y. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the transport of runoff and sediment into the Miyun Reservoir, Beijing in this study. The main objective was to validate the performance of SWAT and the feasibility of using this model as a simulator of runoff and sediment transport processes at a catchment scale in arid and semi‐arid area in North China, and related processes affecting water quantity and soil erosion in the catchment were simulated. The investigation was conducted using a 6‐year historical streamflow and sediment record from 1986 to 1991; the data from 1986 to 1988 was used for calibration and that from 1989 to 1991 for validation. The SWAT generally performs well and could accurately simulate both daily and monthly runoff and sediment yield. The simulated daily and monthly runoff matched the observed values satisfactorily, with a Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient of greater than 0·6, 0·9 and a coefficient of determination 0·75, 0·9 at two outlet stations (Xiahui and Zhangjiafen stations) during calibration. These values were 0·6, 0·85 and 0·6, 0·9 during validation. For sediment simulation, the efficiency is lower than that for runoff. Even so, the Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient and coefficient of determination were greater than 0·48 and 0·6 for monthly sediment yield during calibration, and these values were greater than 0·84 and 0·95 during validation. Sensitivity analysis shows that sensitive parameters for the simulation of discharge and sediment yield include curve number, base flow alpha factor, soil evaporation compensation factor, soil available water capacity, soil profile depth, surface flow lag time and channel re‐entrained linear parameter, etc. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.