bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastroprotective activity of atractylenolide III from Atractylodes ovata on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Wang Kun-Teng , Chen Lih-Geeng , Wu Chih-Hsiung , Chang Chun-Chao , Wang Ching-Chiung 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Objectives
The rhizome of Atractylodes ovata De Candolle is popularly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat gastrointestinal diseases. However, the major gastroprotective compounds of A. ovata have not been identified. This study reports on the principal gastro- protective component of A. ovata.

Methods
Five sesquiterpenoids (atractylon, atractylenolides I, II, III and biatractylolide) were isolated from the extracts of A. ovata rhizome via silica gel column chromatography. The gastroprotective effects of these five sesquiterpenoids were measured in in-vitro ethanol-induced primary culture rat gastric mucosal (PRGM) cell damage and in-vivo ethanol-induced acute rat gastric ulcer models.

Key findings
Atractylon, atractylenolide I and biatractylolide were strongly toxic in PRGM cells, whilst atractylenolides II and III were not. Atractylenolide II did not show cytoprotective effects, but oral administration of atractylenolide III dose-dependently prevented ethanol-induced PRGM cell death and cell membrane damage. The EC50 values were 0.27 and 0.34 mm, respectively. In the in-vivo assay, atractylenolide III 10 mg/kg significantly reduced 70% ethanol-induced Wistar rat gastric ulcer. Atractylenolide III could inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression through upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase from the gastric ulcerated tissues.

Conclusions
Atractylenolide III was the major gastroprotective component of A. ovata in ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer. It is suggested that the gastroprotective mechanism of atractylenolide III was via inhibition of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 pathway.
Anti-inflammatory effect of enzymatic hydrolysate of corn gluten in an experimental model of colitis
Authors: Mochizuki Miyako , Shigemura Hayato , Hasegawa Noboru 
Published: October 2010

AbstractObjectivesIntestinal bacteria are thought to be involved in the initiation and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel diseases. Prebiotics (non-digestable dietary carbohydrate) have beneficial properties that alter the intestinal flora and contain glutamine-rich protein. Glutamine significantly decreases indices of inflammation. In this study, an enzymatic hydrolysate of corn gluten (EHCG) was administered by gavage to Sprague-Dawley rats fed an elemental diet to determine whether EHCG can ameliorate experi- mental colitis.MethodsColitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid after 10 days' daily oral administration of EHCG at 100 and 300 mg/kg. Macroscopic damage was assessed using a scoring system. The mucosa homogenate was sonicated and myeloperoxidase activity and histamine levels measured.Key findingsTreatment with EHCG significantly decreased the severity of injury and reduced myeloperoxidase activity and histamine levels in the distal colon mucosa.ConclusionsEHCG may have therapeutic benefit as a supplement in enteral nutrition for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Using a Parent Survey to Advance Knowledge About the Nature and Consequences of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Bailey Donald B. , Raspa Melissa , Olmsted Murrey G. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Understanding the nature and consequences of intellectual and developmental disabilities is challenging, especially when the condition is rare, affected individuals are geographically dispersed, and/or resource constraints limit large-scale studies involving direct assessment. Surveys provide an alternative methodology for gathering information but must be carefully designed and interpreted in light of obvious limitations. In this paper we discuss the potential of surveys in understanding a disabling condition; delineate characteristics of successful survey research; describe a survey of families of individuals with fragile X syndrome; and synthesize major findings. The survey has provided new information about the nature and consequences of fragile X syndrome in a cost-effective fashion, suggesting that survey methodology has a useful place in creating new knowledge about intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Seizures in Fragile X Syndrome: Characteristics and Comorbid Diagnoses
Authors: Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Raspa Melissa , Loggin-Hester Lisa , Bishop Ellen , Holiday David , Bailey Donald B. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A national survey of caregivers of individuals with fragile X syndrome addressed characteristics of epilepsy and co-occurring conditions. Of the 1,394 individuals (1,090 males and 304 females) with the full mutation, 14% of males and 6% of females reported seizures. Seizures were more often partial, began between ages 4 and 10 years, and were infrequent and easily treated. Similar characteristics and patterns were seen in medical chart review data from a large clinic cohort of patients with fragile X syndrome. National survey data showed that autism was significantly associated with seizures as a co-occurring condition. Although seizures in fragile X syndrome are typically not severe and easily treated with medications, they appear to be associated with developmental–behavioral comorbidity that impacts function.
Self-Injurious Behavior and Fragile X Syndrome: Findings From the National Fragile X Survey
Authors: Symons Frank J. , Byiers Breanne J. , Raspa Melissa , Bishop Ellen , Bailey Donald B. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWe used National Fragile X Survey data in order to examine reported self-injurious behavior (SIB) to (a) generate lifetime and point prevalence estimates, (b) document detailed features of SIB (frequency, types, location, severity) in relation to gender, and (c) compare comorbid conditions between matched pairs (SIB vs. no SIB). Results indicate significant gender differences in frequency, topography, and location of SIB as well as sleep difficulties, comorbid conditions, pain sensitivity, and seizures. Matched pair comparisons (SIB vs. no SIB) revealed differences for males in sensory and attention problems, hyperactivity, aggression, autism, and anxiety and for females, in autism, attention, and anxiety. These results further clarify gender differences as well as comorbidity patterns between children with fragile X syndrome with and without SIB.
Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Supports Intensity Scale (SIS)
Authors: Verdugo Miguel-Angel , Arias Benito , Ibáñez Alba , Schalock Robert L. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The Supports Intensity Scale (SIS) is used to determine the profile and intensity of the supports needed by a person to participate successfully in major life activities. With its publication into 13 languages, a need has arisen to document its reliability and validity across language and cultural groups. Here we explain the adaptation and the validation process of the SIS on a Spanish sample of 885 people with intellectual disability. Results of the study are discussed in terms of the reliability and validity of the SIS on the Spanish sample and its efficacy for multiple uses in Spain.
Automated Extraction of DNA and RNA from a Single Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Section for Analysis of Both Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and mRNA Expression
Authors: Hennig Guido , Gehrmann Mathias , Stropp Udo , Brauch Hiltrud , Fritz Peter , Eichelbaum Michel , Schwab Matthias , Schroth Werner 
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND
There is an increasing need for the identification of both DNA and RNA biomarkers from pathodiagnostic formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples for the exploration of individualized therapy strategies in cancer. We investigated a fully automated, xylene-free nucleic acid extraction method for the simultaneous analysis of RNA and DNA biomarkers related to breast cancer.

METHODS
We copurified both RNA and DNA from a single 10-μm section of 210 paired samples of FFPE tumor and adjacent normal tissues (1–25 years of archival time) using a fully automated extraction method. Half of the eluate was DNase I digested for mRNA expression analysis performed by using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR for the genes estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), progesterone receptor (PGR), v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian) (ERBB2), epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1), baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 (BIRC5), matrix metallopeptidase 7 (MMP7), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha 170kDa (TOP2A). The remaining undigested aliquot was used for the analysis of 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

RESULTS
In 208 of 210 samples (99.0%) the protocol yielded robust quantification-cycle values for both RNA and DNA normalization. Expression of the 8 breast cancer genes was detected in 81%–100% of tumor tissues and 21%–100% of normal tissues. The 7 SNPs were successfully genotyped in 91%–97% of tumor and 94%–97% of normal tissues. Allele concordance between tumor and normal tissue was 98.9%–99.5%.

CONCLUSIONS
This fully automated process allowed an efficient simultaneous extraction of both RNA and DNA from a single FFPE section and subsequent dual analysis of selected genes. High gene expression and genotyping detection rates demonstrate the feasibility of molecular profiling from limited archival patient samples.
Thermal degradation of bending properties of structural wood and wood-based composites
Authors: Sinha Arijit , Gupta Rakesh , Nairn John A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWood and wood-based composites are being used extensi-vely in single-family residential dwellings. Therefore, it is important to categorize their response when exposed to elevated temperatures for a sustained period of time. In fire-resistant design for wood structures, the main goal is to ensure that enough structural integrity is maintained, during and after a fire, to prevent collapse and to maintain means of egress. Another goal is an ability to assess post-fire structural integrity and residual strength of an existing structure. The objectives of this study are: (a) to study the effect of temperature and exposure time on bending strength (MOR) and stiffness (MOE) of solid sawn lumber (SSL), laminated veneer lumber (LVL), oriented strand board (OSB) and plywood; and (b) to develop predictive relations between different temperatures and times of exposure and the thermal degradation of strength. A total of 1080 samples were tested in static bending under various heat treatments. The results indicated that exposure to elevated temperature caused significant degradation of bending strength and stiffness. A statistical regression-based model and a kinetics-based model were developed and evaluated for predicting the strength loss of wood and wood-based composites as a function of thermal exposure temperature and exposure time. The kinetics-based model fit the data better and predictions consistently matched the observed values, making the model preferred over the regression approach.
Die Europakonzeption von Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus (1939–1943)
Authors: Fioravanzo Monica 
Published: October 2010

Zusammenfassung
Die „Achse“ ist noch immer ein Rätsel. Wir wissen wenig darüber, was sie einte, und genauso wenig, was sie trennte. Monica Fioravanzo, eine in Padua lehrende Historikerin, nähert sich diesem Themenkomplex und untersucht die Pläne für ein Neues Europa, die nach 1939 dies- und jenseits der Alpen geschmiedet wurden. Dabei zeigt sich: Das faschistische Italien gab sich ähnlich hybriden Eroberungs- und Raumfantasien hin wie das Deutsche Reich, Mussolinis Regime beanspruchte sogar die geistige Führung eines monströsen eurasisch-afrikanischen Superkontinents – besann sich 1942/43 aber doch eines Besseren: „Europa der Nationen“ hieß nun die Losung, deren anti-deutsche Stoßrichtung nicht verborgen blieb.
Wie erfolgreich war die nationalsozialistische Presselenkung?
Authors: Dussel Konrad 
Published: October 2010

Vorspann
Genau wusste es keiner, aber viele hatten eine Meinung dazu. Vor allem zahlreiche interessierte Journalisten redeten sich und anderen nach 1945 ein, dass es im Dritten Reich durchaus möglich gewesen sei, auf subtile Weise seine Meinung zu äußern – und dass sie das in ihren Zeitungen auch getan hätten. Der Historiker Konrad Dussel, seit langem auf diesem Feld profiliert, geht den Dingen auf den Grund: Er untersucht die Presseanweisungen des Regimes und deren Umsetzung in der journalistischen Alltagspraxis in einer ambitionierten Fallstudie. Das Ergebnis ist bestürzend: Die Anweisungen wurden eins zu eins umgesetzt, dissidente Stimmen gab es nicht.
Country Matters: Rural Fiction, Urban Modernity, and the Problem of American Regionalism
Authors: Storey Mark 
Published: October 2010

Mark Storey, "Country Matters: Rural Fiction, Urban Modernity, and the Problem of American Regionalism" (pp. 192–213)
This essay intervenes in the critical debates surrounding nineteenth-century American regionalism, arguing that such debates have tended to ignore the possibility of a shared and trans-regional category of "rural fiction." Developing this notion, I suggest that literary representations of rural life in the late nineteenth century are a crucial and neglected way of understanding the geographically indiscrete transformations of urban-capitalist modernity. Further, by examining these transformations through the prism of rural fiction, we can challenge the urban-centric tendency of postbellum American literary history. Drawing on several writers who have been the focus of much of critics' attentions on regionalism (Edward Eggleston, Hamlin Garland, and Sarah orne Jewett in particular), this essay considers both the generic and thematic instabilities of rural fiction, arguing that these instabilities serve to encode and refract the social and cultural context from which this fiction emerges. Reading rural fiction against the background of the increasing similarities between geographically distinct areas of rural life, and reconsidering many of the works that we currently gather under the regionalist rubric as, instead, rural, a distinct perspective can be gained on the standardizing and flattening processes of modernity itself.
Overlapping Regulation of CenH3 Localization and Histone H3 Turnover by CAF-1 and HIR Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rosa Jessica Lopes da , Holik John , Green Erin M , Rando Oliver J , Kaufman Paul D 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation is dependent on the centromere-specific histone H3 isoform known generally as CenH3, or as Cse4 in budding yeast. Cytological experiments have shown that Cse4 appears at extracentromeric loci in yeast cells deficient for both the CAF-1 and HIR histone H3/H4 deposition complexes, consistent with increased nondisjunction in these double mutant cells. Here, we examined molecular aspects of this Cse4 mislocalization. Genome-scale chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated broader distribution of Cse4 outside of centromeres in cac1Δ hir1Δ double mutant cells that lack both CAF-1 and HIR complexes than in either single mutant. However, cytological localization showed that the essential inner kinetochore component Mif2 (CENP-C) was not recruited to extracentromeric Cse4 in cac1Δ hir1Δ double mutant cells. We also observed that rpb1-1 mutants displayed a modestly increased Cse4 half-life at nonpermissive temperatures, suggesting that turnover of Cse4 is partially dependent on Pol II transcription. We used genome-scale assays to demonstrate that the CAF-1 and HIR complexes independently stimulate replication-independent histone H3 turnover rates. We discuss ways in which altered histone exchange kinetics may affect eviction of Cse4 from noncentromeric loci.
FTO Is Increased in Muscle During Type 2 Diabetes, and Its Overexpression in Myotubes Alters Insulin Signaling, Enhances Lipogenesis and ROS Production, and Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Bravard Amélie , Lefai Etienne , Meugnier Emmanuelle , Pesenti Sandra , Disse Emmanuel , Vouillarmet Julien , Peretti Nöel , Rabasa-Lhoret Rémi , Laville Martine , Vidal Hubert , Rieusset Jennifer 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVE
A strong association between genetic variants and obesity was found for the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO). However, few details are known concerning the expression and function of FTO in skeletal muscle of patients with metabolic diseases.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We investigated basal FTO expression in skeletal muscle from obese nondiabetic subjects and type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, compared with age-matched control subjects, and its regulation in vivo by insulin, glucose, or rosiglitazone. The function of FTO was further studied in myotubes by overexpression experiments.

RESULTS
We found a significant increase of FTO mRNA and protein levels in muscle from type 2 diabetic patients, whereas its expression was unchanged in obese or type 1 diabetic patients. Moreover, insulin or glucose infusion during specific clamps did not regulate FTO expression in skeletal muscle from control or type 2 diabetic patients. Interestingly, rosiglitazone treatment improved insulin sensitivity and reduced FTO expression in muscle from type 2 diabetic patients. In myotubes, adenoviral FTO overexpression increased basal protein kinase B phosphorylation, enhanced lipogenesis and oxidative stress, and reduced mitochondrial oxidative function, a cluster of metabolic defects associated with type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates increased FTO expression in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patients, which can be normalized by thiazolidinedione treatment. Furthermore, in vitro data support a potential implication of FTO in oxidative metabolism, lipogenesis and oxidative stress in muscle, suggesting that it could be involved in the muscle defects that characterize type 2 diabetes.
A family of $$
2^{\aleph _1 }
$$ logarithmic functions of distinct growth rates
Authors: Kuhlmann Salma 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We construct a totally ordered set Γ of positive infinite germs (i.e. germs of positive real-valued functions that tend to +∞), with order type being the lexicographic product ℵ1 × ℤ2. We show that Γ admits $$
2^{\aleph _1 }
$$ order preserving automorphisms of pairwise distinct growth rates.
Sensitizing of Sm3+ fluorescence by silver dopant in the TiO2 films
Authors: Dolgov Leonid , Kiisk Valter , Reedo Valter , Pikker Siim , Sildos Ilmo , Kikas Jaak 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Composite material based on a TiO2 matrix doped with Sm3+ ions and co-doped with silver was investigated. Samarium ions together with nano- and micro-aggregates of silver were incorporated into the titanium alkoxide during the sol-gel process. Samarium ions were excited either directly (λ
exc = 488 nm) or through the TiO2 host (λ
exc = 355 nm). It was revealed that samarium fluorescence (λ
exc = 488 nm) in gelled TiO2 films is enhanced by up to 20 times in the vicinity of silver inclusions. Sensitizing and plasmonic mechanisms of enhancement in Sm3+ fluorescence are discussed.
Acute renal failure after licorice ingestion: A case report
Authors: Velickovic-Radovanovic Radmila , Mitic Branka , Kitic Dusanka , Kostic Svetislav , Cvetkovic Tatjana , Djordjevic Vidojko 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
A 39-year-old female presented to the nephrology clinic emergency department with a complaint of muscle weakness and stomach pain. A detailed personal history revealed ingestion of 50–100 g herbal products which contained licorice, every day for 8 weeks to treat sterility. The herbal product was studied and determined to contain ‘licorice’ containing glycyrrhizic acid. Licorice (a plant which contains glycyrrhizic acid) induced hypokalemia which usually has a mild progression. However, it may cause critical failure in physical action by means of weakness followed by paralysis and may cause rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and hyperaldosteronism. This report presents the first case with acute renal failure due to licorice consumption from Serbia. In addition, the report aims to emphasize the importance of obtaining the detailed personal history of a patient for precise diagnosis.
Effectiveness of nitric oxide ozonation
Authors: Skalska Kinga , Miller Jacek , Ledakowicz Stanisław 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAttempts to develop new technologies of NOx (NO + NO2) emission reduction are still carried out all around the world. One of the relatively new approaches is the application of ozone injection into the exhaust gas stream followed by the absorption process. Ozone is used to transform NOx to higher nitrogen oxides which yield nitric acid with better effectiveness. The main objective of this paper was to study the influence of mole ratio (MR) O3/NO used in the ozonation process of NOx on the effectiveness of NOx oxidation to higher oxides. The ozonation process was carried out in a flow reactor for concentrations of nitric oxide in the range of 1.5 × 10−5−7.7 × 10−5 mol dm−3 and varying O3/NO mole ratios. Measurements were conducted with the use of a FTIR spectrometer. The results obtained prove that for MR higher than 1, the oxidation effectiveness of nitric oxides generally reaches 95 %, whereas for MR higher than 2, oxidation of NOx to higher nitrogen oxides is completed.
Early late Visean ammonoid faunas from the Jadar Block (NW Serbia)
Authors: Korn Dieter , Jovanović Divna , Novak Matevž , Sudar Milan 
Published: October 2010

Early late Visean ammonoid faunas from the Jadar Block (NW Serbia)The outcrop at Milivojevića Kamenjar in Družetić (Jadar Block, Vardar Zone, NW Serbia), which exposes a fossiliferous limestone olistolith, is one of the key sites for Carboniferous stratigraphy and paleogeography in the Balkan Peninsula. Its age has been debated several times, and re-examination of the succession was required. Based on ammonoids and conodonts, an interval spanning from the latest Devonian to the basal Serpukhovian is represented. From the early late Visean portion of the section, the new ammonoid genus and speciesUbites filipovicigen. nov. et sp. nov. is described.Entogonites tetragonus(Kullmann, 1962), a formerly misinterpreted ammonoid species, is revised.
Nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Shadui Formation (Northern Tethyan Himalayas, Southern Tibet)
Authors: Švábenická Lilian , Li Xianghui , Jansa Lubomír , Wei Yushuai 
Published: October 2010

Nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Shadui Formation (Northern Tethyan Himalayas, Southern Tibet)Calcareous nannofossils of Aptian-Albian age were found in the basal part of the Shadui Formation, Northern Tethyan Himalayas, Southern Tibet. The predominantly shale strata are exposed near the northeastern tip of Yamdrock Tso Lake at the locality of Bangbu and they were previously considered to be of Late Cretaceous age. Occurrence of the nannofossil speciesPrediscosphaera columnataandCribrosphaerella ehrenbergiiindicates the Upper Aptian-Lower Albian Zone BC23. Nannofossil species of Late Albian, Cenomanian or younger Cretaceous age were not present in the studied part of the Shadui Formation. Nannofossils are badly preserved and hardly identifiable probably as a result of strong post mortem etching and dissolution during burial. The depositional setting of the Shadui Formation is interpreted as hemipelagic to pelagic. A horizon of dark shale in the lower part of the Shadui Formation may be stratigraphically correlated with ocean anoxic event OAE1b. The discovery of calcareous nannofossils at the Bangbu locality increases the stratigraphic precision in the correlation of Cretaceous strata between hemipelagic-pelagic facies and shelf depositional areas in the Tibetan Tethyan Himalayas.