bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PEDS and ASQ Developmental Screening Tests May Not Identify the Same Children
Authors: Sices Laura , Stancin Terry , Kirchner H. Lester , Bauchner Howard 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: In analyzing data from a larger study, we noticed significant disagreement between results of 2 commonly used developmental screening tools (Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status [PEDS; parent concern questionnaire] and Ages & Stages Questionnaires [ASQ; parent report of developmental skills]) delivered to children at the same visit in primary care. The screens have favorable reported psychometric properties and can be efficient to use in practice; however, there is little comparative information about the relative performance of these tools in primary care. We sought to describe the agreement between the 2 screens in this setting.METHODS: Parents of 60 children aged 9 to 31 months completed PEDS and ASQ screens at the same visit. Concordance (PEDS and ASQ results agree) and discordance (results differ) for the 2 screens were determined.RESULTS: The mean age of children was 17.6 months, 77% received Medicaid, and 50% of parents had a high school education or less. Overall, 37% failed the PEDS and 27% failed the ASQ. Thirty-one children passed (52%) both screens; 9 (15%) failed both; and 20 (33%) failed 1 but not the other (13 PEDS and 7 ASQ). Agreement between the 2 screening tests was only fair, statistically no different from agreement by chance.CONCLUSIONS: There was substantial discordance between PEDS and ASQ developmental screens. Although these are preliminary data, clinicians need to be aware that in implementing revised American Academy of Pediatrics screening guidelines, the choice of screening instrument may affect which children are likely to be identified for additional evaluation.
Prenatal Consultation With a Neonatologist for Congenital Anomalies: Parental Perceptions
Authors: Miquel-Verges Franscesca , Woods S. Lee , Aucott Susan W. , Boss Renee D. , Sulpar Leslie J. , Donohue Pamela K. 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVES: To investigate parental expectations of a prenatal consultation with a neonatologist for a prenatally diagnosed congenital anomaly, to identify parents' values and unmet needs, and to obtain recommendations for improving physician–parent communication in a prenatal consultation.
METHODS: Parents referred to neonatology for prenatal consultation after the diagnosis of a congenital anomaly. Completed 2 qualitative interviews: the first within 1 week of the consultation and the second 1 week after delivery. Interviews were analyzed for themes by using the constant comparative method associated with the grounded theory method.
RESULTS: Thematic saturation was achieved after 42 interviews (22 women); only mothers participated. Five main themes emerged: (1) preparation; (2) knowledgeable physician; (3) caring providers; (4) allowing hope; and (5) time. Mothers believed that a consultation with a neonatologist helped them prepare for the perinatal course. They wished to know the management plan and all possible outcomes. Mothers wanted information specific to their situation and tailored to their knowledge base. Receiving conflicting information from physicians increased anxiety and eroded confidence. Seeing the NICU during the consultation was emotionally difficult but valuable. Mothers wanted realistic information, regardless of how grim, yet wanted to retain hope. All mothers would recommend a prenatal consultation with a neonatologist.
CONCLUSIONS: Mothers perceived that a consultation with a neonatologist, which included a NICU tour, prepared them for the perinatal course. Parents want realistic medical information, specific to their situation, provided in an empathetic manner and want to be allowed to hope for the best possible outcome.
Pediatric Pain After Ambulatory Surgery: Where's the Medication?
Authors: Fortier Michelle A. , MacLaren Jill E. , Martin Sarah R. , Perret-Karimi Danielle , Kain Zeev N. 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this controlled study was to provide a description of children's postoperative pain, including pain intensity and analgesic consumption.
METHODS: Participants included 261 children, 2 to 12 years of age, undergoing routine tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy surgery. Baseline and demographic data were collected before surgery, and a standardized approach to anesthesia and surgical procedures was used. Pain and analgesic consumption were recorded for 2 weeks at home.
RESULTS: On the first day at home, although parents rated 86% of children as experiencing significant overall pain, 24% of children received 0 or just 1 medication dose throughout the entire day. On day 3 after surgery, although 67% of children were rated by parents as experiencing significant overall pain, 41% received 0 or 1 medication dose throughout the entire day.
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a large proportion of children receive little analgesic medication after surgery and research efforts should be directed to the discrepancy between high ratings of postoperative pain provided by parents and the low dosing of analgesics they use for their children.
Identifying Learning Problems in Children Evaluated for ADHD: The Academic Performance Questionnaire
Authors: Bennett Amanda E. , Power Thomas J. , Eiraldi Ricardo B. , Leff Stephen S. , Blum Nathan J. 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the usefulness of the Academic Performance Questionnaire (APQ) to identify low reading and math achievement in children who are being evaluated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).METHODS: Charts of 997 patients who were seen in a multidisciplinary ADHD evaluation program were reviewed. Patients who were in first- through sixth-grade and had complete APQ and Wechsler Individual Achievement Test II Basic Reading and Numerical Operations subtests were enrolled in this study. The 271 eligible patients were randomly assigned to a score-development group (n = 215) and a validation group (n = 56). By using data from the score-development sample, APQ questions that predicted low academic achievement were identified and the scores for these questions were entered into a logistic regression to identify the APQ questions that independently predicted low achievement.RESULTS: Only 2 APQ questions, 1 about reading and 1 about math, independently predicted low achievement. By using these 2 questions, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.834, and the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity occurred when the total score for the 2 items was &gt;4. This cutoff had a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.63 in the score-development group and a sensitivity of 1.0 and a specificity of 0.53 in the validation sample.CONCLUSIONS: The APQ may be a useful screening tool to identify children being evaluated for ADHD who need additional testing for learning problems. Although the predictive value of a negative screen on the APQ is good, the predictive value of a positive test is relatively low.
Psychotropic Drug Use During Breastfeeding: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Fortinguerra Filomena , Clavenna Antonio , Bonati Maurizio 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to review the existing literature on the use of various classes of psychotropic medications during breastfeeding to provide information about infant exposure levels and reported adverse events in breastfed infants.
METHODS: A bibliographic search in the Medline (1967 through July 2008), Embase (1975 through July 2008), and PsycINFO (1967 through July 2008) databases was conducted for studies on breastfeeding and psychotropic medications for a total of 96 drugs. References of retrieved articles, reference books, and dedicated Web sites were also checked. The manufacturers were contacted for drugs without published information. Original articles and review articles that provide pharmacokinetic data on drug excretion in breast milk and infant safety data were considered, to estimate the “compatibility level” of each drug with breastfeeding.
RESULTS: A total of 183 original articles were eligible for analysis. Documentation was retrieved for 62 (65%) drugs. In all, 19 (31%) psychotropic drugs can be used during lactation according to an evidence-based approach. For 28 drugs, the available data do not permit an evaluation of the drug's safety profile during breastfeeding and, for an additional 15 drugs, the exposure dose or observed adverse effects make their use unsafe.
CONCLUSIONS: Although most drugs are considered safe during breastfeeding, compatibility with breastfeeding has not been established for all psychotropic drugs. There is a need for additional research and accumulation of experience to guarantee a more rational use of psychotropic drugs during breastfeeding.
Efficacy of Interventions to Improve Motor Development in Young Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Riethmuller Annaleise M. , Jones Rachel A. , Okely Anthony D. 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to systematically review evidence from controlled trials on the efficacy of motor development interventions in young children.METHODS: A literature search of interventions was conducted of 14 electronic databases. Three reviewers independently evaluated studies to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. Studies were compared on 5 components: design, methodologic quality, intervention components, efficacy, and alignment with the Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Transparent Reporting of Evaluation with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND) statements.RESULTS: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. More than half (65%) were controlled trials and delivered at child care settings or schools (65%). Three studies had high methodologic quality. Studies were ∼12 weeks in duration and delivered by teachers, researchers, and students. Parents were involved in only 3 studies. Nearly 60% of the studies reported statistically significant improvements at follow-up. Three studies aligned with the CONSORT and TREND statements.CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the limited quantity and quality of interventions to improve motor development in young children. The following recommendations are made: (1) both teachers and researchers should be involved in the implementation of an intervention; (2) parental involvement is critical to ensuring transfer of knowledge from the intervention setting to the home environment; and (3) interventions should be methodologically sound and follow guidelines detailed in the CONSORT or TREND statement.
Dramatic Increase in Venous Thromboembolism in Children's Hospitals in the United States From 2001 to 2007
Authors: Raffini Leslie , Huang Yuan-Shung , Witmer Char , Feudtner Chris 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVES: The goals were to determine whether there has been an increase in the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric tertiary care hospitals and to evaluate the use of anticoagulants in the treatment of hospitalized pediatric patients with VTE.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients &lt;18 years of age who were discharged from 35 to 40 children's hospitals (depending on the year) across the United States in 2001–2007 was performed. By using the Pediatric Health Information System administrative database, cases were assessed for discharge diagnosis codes for VTE; the use of anticoagulants was assessed by using patient-specific pharmacy files.
RESULTS: During the 7-year study period, in which 11337 hospitalized patients were diagnosed with VTE, the annual rate of VTE increased by 70%, from 34 to 58 cases per 10000 hospital admissions (P &lt; .001). This increase was observed in neonates, infants, children, and adolescents. The majority (63%) of children with VTE had ≥1 coexisting chronic complex medical condition. Pediatric malignancy was the medical comorbid condition associated most strongly with recurrent VTE (P &lt; .001). The proportion of children with VTE who were treated with enoxaparin increased from 29% to 49% during this time period (P &lt; .001); the use of warfarin decreased slightly from 11.4% to 9.6% (P = .02). Increasing age was associated with increased likelihood of patients with VTE being treated with either enoxaparin or warfarin.
CONCLUSION: This multicenter study demonstrates a dramatic increase in the diagnosis of VTE at children's hospitals from 2001 to 2007.
Modified Recommendations for Use of Palivizumab for Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Authors:   Committee on Infectious Diseases
Published: September 2009

This Policy Statement was retired January 2013.
Palivizumab was licensed in June 1998 by the US Food and Drug Administration for prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in pediatric patients who are at increased risk of severe disease. Safety and efficacy have been established for infants born at or before 35 weeks' gestation with or without chronic lung disease of prematurity and for infants and children with hemodynamically significant heart disease. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published a policy statement on the use of palivizumab in November 1998 (American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Pediatrics. 1998;102[5]:1211–1216) and revised it in December 2003 (American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Pediatrics. 2003;112[6 pt 1]:1442–1446), and an AAP technical report on palivizumab was published in 2003 (Meissner HC, Long SS; American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Infectious Diseases and Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Pediatrics. 2003;112[6 pt 1]:1447–1452). On the basis of the availability of additional data regarding seasonality of RSV disease as well as the limitations in available data on risk factors for identifying children who are at increased risk of serious RSV lower respiratory tract disease, AAP recommendations for immunoprophylaxis have been updated in an effort to ensure optimal balance of benefit and cost from this expensive intervention. This statement updates and replaces the 2003 AAP statement and the 2006 Red Book and is consistent with the 2009 Red Book recommendations.
Brominated flame retardants in aquatic organisms from the North Sea in comparison with biota from the high Arctic marine environment
Authors: Sørmo Eugen G. , Jenssen Bjørn M. , Lie Elisabeth , Skaare Janneche U. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
The extent of trophic transfer of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), were examined in pelagic and benthic aquatic animals (invertebrates and fish) in a near-shore estuary environment of the southeastern North Sea (Norway; 59°N). Whole-body burdens of HBCD and several of the most abundant PBDEs biomagnified with increasing trophic position in the food web. Biomagnification of HBCD was particularly strong, resulting in whole-body burdens of this compound comparable to those of total PBDEs in the higher-trophic-level species. Body burdens of PBDEs were higher in pelagic than in benthic aquatic organisms. This was particularly evident for the lesserbrominated and volatile PBDE congeners. Atmospheric gas–water–phytoplankton exchange of these volatile compounds over the water surface may account for this observation. The PBDE burdens in pelagic zooplankton from the North Sea were more than 60-fold greater than those in corresponding pelagic zooplankton from the colder high Arctic latitudes (&gt;78°N) of Norway (Svalbard). This great difference may relate to reduced chemical gas–water exchange over open waters at the colder Arctic latitudes. However, previously measured whole-body burdens of BFRs in other aquatic marine organisms from the high Arctic were comparable or even exceeded those in the North Sea samples of the present study. These include sympagic (sea ice–associated) invertebrates and fish accumulating high burdens of particle-associated BFRs. The present study provides new insight regarding the distribution of BFRs in ecologically different compartments of marine ecosystems, essential information for understanding the food-web transfer and geographical dispersal of these compounds.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Hearts Abolishes Erythropoietin-Induced Myocardial Protection by Impairment of Phospho–Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β–Mediated Suppression of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition
Authors: Miki Takayuki , Miura Tetsuji , Hotta Hiroyuki , Tanno Masaya , Yano Toshiyuki , Sato Takahiro , Terashima Yoshiaki , Takada Akifumi , Ishikawa Satoko , Shimamoto Kazuaki 
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE
Alteration in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in diabetic hearts and its effect on cytoprotective signaling are unclear. Here, we examine the hypothesis that ER stress in diabetic hearts impairs phospho–glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β–mediated suppression of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, compromising myocardial response to cytoprotective signaling.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A rat model of type 2 diabetes (OLETF) and its control (LETO) were treated with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) (100 mg · kg−1 · day−1 for 7 days), an ER stress modulator. Infarction was induced by 20-min coronary occlusion and 2-h reperfusion.

RESULTS
Levels of ER chaperones (GRP78 and GRP94) in the myocardium and level of nonphoshopho–GSK-3β in the mitochondria were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO rats. TUDCA normalized levels of GRP78 and GRP94 and mitochondrial GSK-3β in OLETF rats. Administration of erythropoietin (EPO) induced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β and reduced infarct size (% risk area) from 47.4 ± 5.2% to 23.9 ± 3.5% in LETO hearts. However, neither phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β nor infarct size limitation was induced by EPO in OLETF rats. The threshold for mPTP opening was significantly lower in mitochondria from EPO-treated OLETF rats than in those from EPO-treated LETO rats. TUDCA restored responses of GSK-3β, mPTP opening threshold, and infarct size to EPO receptor activation in OLETF rats. There was a significant correlation between mPTP opening threshold and phospho–GSK-3β–to–total GSK-3β ratio in the mitochondrial fraction.

CONCLUSIONS
Disruption of protective signals leading to GSK-3β phosphorylation and increase in mitochondrial GSK-3β are dual mechanisms by which increased ER stress inhibits EPO-induced suppression of mPTP opening and cardioprotection in diabetic hearts.
Two-year Clinical Effectiveness of Adhesives and Retention Form on Resin Composite Restorations of Non-carious Cervical Lesions
Authors: Kim S-Y. , Lee K-W. , Seong S-R. , Lee M-A. , Lee I-B. , Son H-H. , Kim H-Y. , Oh M-H. , Cho B-H. 
Published: September 2009

Clinical Relevance
Over a two–year observation period, ScotchBond Multi-Purpose was found to have significantly superior marginal adaptation compared to Adper Prompt. Restorations using retention forms showed a significantly higher retention rate in an experimental adhesive and significantly less marginal discoloration in all three adhesives.
Effect of Phosphoric Acid Etching of Enamel Margins on the Microleakage of a Simplified All-in-One and a Self-etch Adhesive System
Authors: Khosravi K. , Ataei E. , Mousavi M. , Khodaeian N. 
Published: September 2009

Clinical Relevance
This study evaluates the effect of phosphoric acid etching of enamel margins on the microleakage of a simplified all-in-one and a self-etching adhesive system in comparison to a conventional total-etch system.
Fracture Strength of Minimally Prepared Resin Bonded CEREC Inlays
Authors: Tsitrou E. , Helvatjoglou-Antoniades M. , Pahinis K. , van Noort R. 
Published: September 2009

Clinical Relevance
Minimal preparation designs for inlay restorations are a viable option for CAD/CAM systems (CEREC) and could potentially strengthen the restored tooth.
Effect of Light Activation Mode on the Incompatibility Between One-bottle Adhesives and Light-cured Composites: An In Vitro Shear Bond Strength Study
Authors: Shafiei F. , Safarpoor I. , Moradmand M. , Alavi A. A. 
Published: September 2009

Clinical Relevance
Low dentin bond strength has been previously documented when one-bottle adhesives are used with self-cured resin-based composites. Low dentin bond strength may also occur when one-bottle adhesives are used with light-cured resin-based composites that are activated by soft-start or pulse-delay curing strategies.
Effect of Double Layering and Prolonged Application Time on MTBS of Water/Ethanol-based Self-etch Adhesives to Dentin
Authors: Erhardt M. C. , Osorio R. , Pisani-Proenca J. , Aguilera F. S. , Osorio E. , Breschi L. , Toledano M. 
Published: September 2009

Clinical Relevance
Problems related to the chemical formulation and/or chemical dispersion of hydrophilic/hydrophobic components in one-step self-etch adhesives limit their efficacy and are not easily solved by changing the different bonding application parameters.
Influence of Cervical Finish Line Type on the Marginal Adaptation of Zirconia Ceramic Crowns
Authors: Comlekoglu M. , Dundar M. , Özcan M. , Gungor M. , Gokce B. , Artunc C. 
Published: September 2009

Clinical Relevance
Cervical finish line type has an influence on the marginal adaptation of Y-TZP restorations. Both shoulder and mini-chamfer exhibited the least marginal opening values for zirconia crowns and can be recommended for clinical applications.
Influence of Potentially Remineralizing Agents on Bleached Enamel Microhardness
Authors: Borges A. B. , Samezima L. Y. , Fonseca L. P. , Yui K. C. K. , Borges A. L. S. , Torres C. R. G. 
Published: September 2009

Clinical Relevance
Dentists should be aware of the enamel demineralization potential of 35% hydrogen peroxide. The addition of fluoride and calcium can enhance remineralization of surface and subsurface bleached enamel.
Student Versus Faculty Performance Using a New Visual Criteria for the Detection of Caries on Occlusal Surfaces: An In Vitro Examination with Histological Validation
Authors: Zandona A. G. F. , Al-Shiha S. , Eggertsson H. , Eckert G. 
Published: September 2009

Clinical Relevance
One of the first actions that needs to be taken to disseminate the new visual caries detection criteria ICDAS is to assess how it is assimilated by different groups and levels of experience.
A Case Report of a 20-year Clinical Follow-up of Porcelain Laminate Veneer Restorations
Authors: Katoh Y. , Taira Y. , Kato C. , Suzuki M. , Shinkai K. 
Published: September 2009

Clinical RelevancePorcelain laminate veneer restorations of tetracycline-stained teeth had sufficient longevity in vivo. But, in long-term clinical cases, re-exposure of the discolored cervical tooth surface is inevitable due to the gingival recession of aging.
Spectroscopic Properties of Protein‐Bound Cofactors: Calculation by Combined Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical (
QM
/
MM
) Approaches
Authors: Sundararajan Mahesh , Riplinger Christoph , Orio Maylis , Wennmohs Frank , Neese Frank 
Published: September 2009

Abstract

In this article, we discuss some aspects of the combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method for the calculation of energetics and spectroscopic parameters of protein‐bound cofactors. Following a brief introduction to the theory of the QM/MM approach, some selected examples are discussed that illustrate the use of this methodology in theoretical spectroscopic studies. The examples cover the following: (i) excitation energies for the
S
0
→
S
1
transition in bacteriorhodopsin; (ii) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and absorption spectra of plastocyanin; and (iii) the spin Hamiltonian parameters of compound I in cytochrome
P
450
cam
.