bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitroxide: Anwendungen in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie
Authors: Tebben Ludger , Studer Armido 
Published: April 2011

AbstractNitroxide werden in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie verwendet. In diesem Aufsatz werden zunächst Methoden zur Herstellung von Nitroxiden und deren physikalische Eigenschaften besprochen. Der folgende Abschnitt beschreibt die Verwendung von Nitroxiden als stöchiometrische und katalytische Oxidationsmittel in der organischen Synthese. Die Oxidation von Alkoholen und Carbanionen spielt dabei ebenso eine wichtige Rolle wie oxidative C‐C‐Bindungsknüpfungen. Anschließend widmet sich ein Abschnitt der Rolle von Nitroxiden als Abfangreagentien für C‐zentrierte Radikale in der Radikalchemie. Nitroxide, die sich von Alkoxyaminen ableiten, fungieren als nützliche Ausgangsmaterialien für C‐zentrierte Radikale, deren Einsatz in der Synthese und in der Polymerchemie beschrieben wird. Der letzte Abschnitt stellt die Grundlagen der Nitroxid‐vermittelten Polymerisation (NMP) vor und zeigt neuere Entwicklungen beim Design komplexer Polymerarchitekturen auf.
The Open Metadata Registry: An update
Authors: Phipps Jon , Hillmann Diane I. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryStarted in 2005 as the metadata registry for the National Science Digital Library (NSDL), the NSDL Registry has undergone significant changes. It has expanded, shifted from its original support source to JES & Co. and been renamed in 2010 as the Open Metadata Registry (OMR). While serving end users seeking vocabularies available for a project or group, the OMR focuses on supporting the primary providers of vocabularies by facilitating publishing and tracking evolving versions of their vocabularies. Work is ongoing to enable the OMR to support multilingual vocabularies and separate but associated language versions. To promote consistent term labels, the use of uniform resource identifiers (URIs) is promoted as well as concept representation by numeric strings. The OMR is currently being reengineered in Drupal. As it undergoes dramatic changes, the OMR is offered as a valuable infrastructure tool for data sharing.
Organizing our knowledge of biodiversity
Authors: Lapp Hilmar , Morris Robert A. , Catapano Terry , Hobern Donald , Morrison Norman 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryThough natural history collections are long established and numerous, data on biodiversity is sparse, poorly developed, inconsistent and rarely digitally preserved, and their providers are often inaccessible. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Taxonomic Databases Working Group (TDWG) for Biodiversity Information Standards are leading efforts to overcome such barriers. The GBIF has collected over 200 million records formally describing natural history specimens from hundreds of sources, while also serving the rapidly growing online community of amateur field observers. The two organizations face challenges arising from ambiguity of taxonomic names and the need to make voluminous and critical historical collections available and to develop standard metadata vocabularies that can be understood and used by all. The combination of science informatics tools, including a robust vocabulary and linked data conventions, with a networked, active user community will enable effective biodiversity data management over the long term.
The ouch factor: What happens when user needs change
Authors: Haller Thom 
Published: April 2011

AbstractEditor's SummaryThe government site www.plainlanguage.gov espouses the use of clear and understandable writing in documents developed for citizens. Since its inception and careful information architectural crafting in 2006, it has gone through changes, including a change in responsibility for site maintenance. Recently, a legislative mandate has created unexpected new requirements for the site that the present implementation does not meet, resulting in criticism from frustrated users. With a different purpose and audience for the site, the original information architecture – no longer effective – will be revamped to meet changing needs.
Coronary artery fistula: An unusual cause of chest pain in a young adult
Authors: Boudoulas Konstantinos Dean , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Firstenberg Michael 
Published: April 2011

AbstractCoronary artery fistula, usually congenital in origin, is an abnormal communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or great vessel [coronary sinus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or super vena cava (SVC)]. A coronary fistula can produce high‐output heart failure from volume overload and/or myocardial ischemia from coronary steal phenomenon. A 35‐year‐old man was found to have a large fistula from the left circumflex coronary artery to the SVC‐right atrium junction, an extremely rare anomaly. This patient developed right ventricular dysfunction and chest pain due to myocardial ischemia in the left circumflex coronary artery distribution for several months before evaluation. Because of the large size of the fistula, surgical ligation was chosen instead of coil embolization to close the fistula. The patient was free of chest pain postprocedure. Coronary artery fistulas, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a young patient presents with chest pain and/or heart failure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integration of dual source computed tomography With magnetic navigation system for percutaneous coronary intervention: A feasibility study
Authors: Li Chunjian , Tang Lijun , Yang Zhijian , Cao Kejiang 
Published: April 2011

AbstractObjectives: To investigate the feasibility of integration of the dual source computed tomography (DSCT) and magnetic navigation system (MNS) to guide percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: MNS has proven to be feasible for yielding high rates of procedural success for PCI. DSCT coronary angiography (DSCT‐CA) may provide a roadmap of a target vessel and serve as a reference route for MNS. Combination of these two technologies might decrease the contrast use, fluoroscopy exposure, and be beneficial to the intervention of the totally occluded lesions. Methods: Twenty‐five patients with positive results of DSCT‐CA and indications for PCI were included. CT images were transferred to MNS, and target vessels were extracted and registered to X‐ray system as a roadmap. Results: DSCT‐CA and MNS‐assisted PCIs were successfully performed in 25 of the 26 target vessels (96.2%), with the mean guidewire crossing time of 100.0 (25–75% inter‐quartile ranges (IQR): 70.7–157.8) sec, mean total radiation dosage of 268.1 (IQR: 150.5–527.0) μGym2, or 42.0 (IQR: 23.0–70.0) mGy, respectively. The contrast usage for guidewire positioning was 0 (IQR: 0–3.0) ml for the successfully crossed lesions. Both of the two totally occluded lesions in this study were successfully crossed with guidewires under the guidance of the DSCT‐CA derived roadmap. Conclusion: Integration of DSCT with MNS for PCI is feasible. This integration of advanced modalities might decrease contrast usage, lower fluoroscopy exposure for guidewire positioning, and might also play a role in totally occluded lesions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigations on changes in 13C/12C ratios of endogenous urinary steroids after pregnenolone administration
Authors: Piper Thomas , Schlug Christoph , Mareck Ute , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFor the detection of possible misuse of naturally occurring anabolic androgenic steroids like testosterone (T), anti‐doping laboratories use a combination of two techniques. One is molecular steroid profiling to evaluate urinary steroid concentrations and normal diagnostic ratios. The other is isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), in which the 13C/12C ratios of target analytes like T are compared to the 13C/12C ratios of endogenous reference compounds (ERCs). The 13C/12C of the most commonly used ERC, pregnanediol (5β‐pregnane‐3α,20α‐diol, PD), can be influenced by administration of pregnenolone (3β‐hydroxy‐pregn‐5‐en‐20‐one, PREG). Therefore PREG administration bears the potential to circumvent IRMS testing for doping control samples.In order to investigate the influence of PREG on PD and on other urinary excreted steroids, administration studies with oral and transdermal application of PREG were carried out. The influence of PREG administration on concentrations and 13C/12C ratios of all investigated target analytes was negligible. Only PD and 5β‐pregnan‐3α‐ol‐20‐one (3aP) showed significant depletion in both their glucuronidated and sulfated steroids. The results suggest that appropriate alternative ERCs are: 11β‐hydroxy‐androsterone/etiocholanolone, 5β‐pregnane‐3α,17,20α‐triol, pregn‐5‐ene‐3β,17,20α‐triol and cholesterol.Due to its properties to disguise the misuse of anabolic steroids by influencing the 13C/12C ratio of PD, PREG should be considered to be added to the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances as a masking agent. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in older adults: an overview of characteristics and treatment approaches
Authors: Böttche Maria , Kuwert Philipp , Knaevelsrud Christine 
Published: April 2011

ObjectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and disabling condition following a traumatic event. Despite its high prevalence rates, relatively little is known about the manifestation and course of the disorder in older adults. Moreover, there has been little evaluation of the efficacy of psychotherapeutic treatment approaches for older patients.DesignThis overview aims to summarize available data on the prevalence and symptoms of late‐life PTSD and to review the current treatment approaches for older adults.ResultsThe course and severity of PTSD symptoms in older adults depend on the time the trauma occurred (early versus late life). In the case of acute traumatization, lower prevalence rates and symptom severities are generally observed in older than in younger populations. In the case of early‐life traumatization, a decline in PTSD symptom severity can be observed over the life course. Research on treatment approaches has produced promising results, indicating that disorder‐specific interventions (i.e., trauma confrontation and cognitive restructuring) can be effectively combined with an age‐specific narrative life‐review approach.ConclusionGiven the limited empirical evidence, caution is warranted in generalizing the reported findings. Nevertheless, it is possible to draw a number of conclusions concerning the characteristics and treatment of PTSD in older adults. Further research is needed to better understand the various presentations of PTSD in late life and to validate and improve the effectiveness of available treatment approaches. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women's experience with severe overactive bladder symptoms and treatment: Insight revealed from patient focus groups
Authors: Anger Jennifer T. , Nissim Helen A. , Le Thuy X. , Smith Ariana L. , Lee Una , Sarkisian Catherine , Litwin Mark S. , Raz Shlomo , Rodriguez Larissa V. , Maliski Sally L. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractAimsResearch has focused on treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms in women with the goal of cure. The objective of this study was to assess women's perceptions of their OAB symptoms, treatment experience, and outcomes by conducting patient focus groups.MethodsWomen seen in our academic center female urology referral clinics were identified by ICD‐9 codes for OAB symptoms and recruited to participate in one of five focus groups, totaling 33 patients. Non‐clinician moderators conducted the focus group sessions incorporating topics related to patients' perceptions of OAB symptoms, treatments, and outcomes. Data analysis was performed using grounded theory methodology.ResultsQualitative analysis yielded several preliminary themes: impact of OAB on quality of life, strategies to control wetness, medications and side effects, and triggers. The majority of focus group participants reported only a partial response to medication and other physician‐recommended treatments for OAB. Therefore, they developed self‐reliant personalized strategies to improve their quality of life. These strategies included fluid restriction, preventive toileting, and, most importantly, the use of incontinence pads.ConclusionsThe majority of the women who participated in the focus groups reported only a partial response to medical and other treatments for OAB. As a result, they developed personalized self‐management strategies to improve their quality of life. Although most studies addressing the treatment of OAB aim at curing the condition, such a strategy may be unrealistic. Applying a chronic care model that uses a patient‐centered symptom‐management approach to OAB may optimize patient outcomes and improve quality of life. Neurourol. Urodynam. 30:1295–1299, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of oxygen content during sputtering on the electrical properties of bismuth ferrite thin films
Authors: Wu Jiagang , Wang John , Xiao Dingquan , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: April 2011

AbstractThe effect of oxygen content during sputtering on the leakage mechanism and the ferroelectric properties of BiFeO3 with a sintering aid of CuO (CuO‐BFO) was investigated, where all thin films with (100) orientation were grown on SrRuO3/LaAlO3(100) substrates by radio frequency sputtering with an oxygen content of 0–40%. The ferroelectric properties in CuO‐BFO are tailored by changing the oxygen content during sputtering, indicating a small growth window. The Schottky emission dominates the leakage behavior regardless of oxygen content. The thin film with an oxygen content of ∼20% during sputtering has a higher remanent polarization of 2Pr ∼ 184.7 μC/cm2, due to its lower leakage current density and an improved phase purity. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
How to build patient‐specific synthetic abdominal anatomies. An innovative approach from physical toward hybrid surgical simulators
Authors: Condino S. , Carbone M. , Ferrari V. , Faggioni L. , Peri A. , Ferrari M. , Mosca F. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractBackgroundAccording to literature evidence, simulation is of the utmost importance for training and innovative surgical strategies assessment. At present commercial physical simulators are limited to single or only a few anatomical structures and these are often just standard anatomies.MethodsThis paper describes a strategy to produce patient‐specific abdominal silicone organs with realistic shapes and colors, starting from radiological images. Synthetic organs can be assembled in a complex physical simulator or, if paired with electromagnetic sensors, in a hybrid environment (mixed reality) to quantify deformations caused by surgical action.ResultsA physical trunk phantom with liver, gallbladder, pancreas and a sensorized stomach has been developed. It is coupled with consistent radiological images and a 3D model of the entire upper abdomen. The simulator has been evaluated in quantitative and qualitative terms to quantify its accuracy and utility, respectively.ConclusionsThis simulator can be used in the field of abdominal surgery to train students and as a testing environment to assess and validate innovative surgical technologies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a Fish Cell Culture Model to Investigate the Impact of Fish Oil Replacement on Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Gregory Melissa K. , King Hamish W. , Bain Peter A. , Gibson Robert A. , Tocher Douglas R. , Schuller Kathryn A. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFish oils are rich in omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC‐PUFA), predominantly 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3, whereas vegetable oils contain abundant C18‐PUFA, predominantly 18:3n‐3 or 18:2n‐6. We hypothesized that replacement of fish oils with vegetable oils would increase the oxidative stability of fish lipids. Here we have used the long established and easily cultivated FHM cell line derived from the freshwater fish species fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to test this hypothesis. The FHM cells were readily able to synthesize 20:5n‐3 and 24:6n‐3 from 18:3n‐3 but 22:6n‐3 synthesis was negligible. Also, they were readily able to synthesize 20:3n‐6 from 18:2n‐6 but 20:4n‐6 synthesis was negligible. Mitochondrial β‐oxidation was greatest for 18:3n‐3 and 20:5n‐3 and the rates for 16:0, 18:2n‐6, 22:6n‐3 and 18:1n‐9 were significantly lower. Fatty acid incorporation was predominantly into phospholipids (79–97%) with very little incorporation into neutral lipids. Increasing the fatty acid concentration in the growth medium substantially increased the concentrations of 18:3n‐3 and 18:2n‐6 in the cell phospholipids but this was not the case for 20:5n‐3 or 22:6n‐3. When they were subjected to oxidative stress, the FHM cells supplemented with either 20:5n‐3 or 22:6n‐3 (as compared with 18:3n‐3 or saturated fatty acids) exhibited significantly higher levels of thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) indicating higher levels of lipid peroxidation. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of fatty acid unsaturation on the oxidative stability of cellular lipids and the implications for sustainable aquaculture.
Mid-level providers demonstrate proficiency in FAST after directed training
Authors: Davis Virgil W. , Wallace J. Michael , Ahern Matthew T. , Dawson Matthew S. , Battaglia Deborah F. , Sherwood Kelly L. , Sugerman Steve A. , Mallin Michael P. , Madsen Troy E. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIntroductionFocused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is commonly used to detect intra-peritoneal blood as part of the evaluation of trauma patients. In our level 1 trauma center, mid-level providers (MLPs) perform serial FAST exams on trauma patients. We describe our training approach and proficiency achieved.MethodsSubjects were MLPs with no previous training in FAST. The training consisted of hands-on training on live models, two on-line ultrasound (US) modules, and a video image review session. Participants were evaluated with pre-, post-, and 6-month follow-up video tests. Subsequently, they independently performed FAST exams which were reviewed by ED US faculty.Results11 MLPs participated, completing an average of 17 scans; 91% were technically adequate. Average scores were: pre-test 50.5% (31.7–68.3%), post-test 76.7% (65.9–87.8%), and 6-month test 77% (58.5–87.8%), for an initial improvement of 26.2% (p < 0.001) and a sustained improvement over the pre-test of 26.5% (p = 0.011) at 6 months.ConclusionMLPs demonstrated proficiency in FAST after brief training.
Epigenetic regulation of mucin genes in human cancers
Authors: Yamada Norishige , Kitamoto Sho , Yokoyama Seiya , Hamada Tomofumi , Goto Masamichi , Tsutsumida Hideaki , Higashi Michiyo , Yonezawa Suguru 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that play important roles in diagnostic and prognostic prediction and in carcinogenesis and tumor invasion. Regulation of expression of mucin genes has been studied extensively, and signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic modification in promoter regions have been described. Detection of the epigenetic status of cancer-related mucin genes is important for early diagnosis of cancer and for monitoring of tumor behavior and response to targeted therapy. Effects of micro-RNAs on mucin gene expression have also started to emerge. In this review, we discuss the current views on epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of mucin genes (MUC1, MUC2, MUC3A, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6, MUC16, and MUC17) and the possible clinical applications of this epigenetic information.
Management of Pelvic Trauma
Authors: Meeson Richard , Corr Sandra 
Published: April 2011

Practical relevance Cats commonly present with pelvic trauma following road traffic accidents (RTAs). A logical step-wise approach to diagnostics and subsequent management can significantly improve the prognosis in the majority of cases. This article provides a practical guide to assist decision-making and optimise management of these cats. Clinical challenges Affected cats may have sustained trauma to several body systems and, hence, their management can be complex, requiring good clinical, diagnostic and surgical skills (often both soft tissue and orthopaedic!). Patient group Any cat allowed access to the outdoors is potentially at risk of being involved in an RTA and sustaining pelvic trauma. Young male cats are most commonly affected. Evidence base Many original articles and textbook chapters have been published on aspects of pelvic trauma. However, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comprehensive overview of the assessment and management of the feline pelvic trauma case. The review begins by discussing initial triage and neurological examination, and then focuses, in turn, on assessment and management of the ‘tail pull’ injury, the diagnosis and management of urinary tract rupture, and the approach to managing specific pelvic fractures.
AAFP and ISFM Feline-Friendly Handling Guidelines
Authors: Rodan Ilona , Sundahl Eliza , Carney Hazel , Gagnon Anne-Claire , Heath Sarah , Landsberg Gary , Seksel Kersti , Yin Sophia 
Published: April 2011

Background The number of pet cats is increasing in most countries, often outnumbering pet dogs, yet cats receive less veterinary care than their canine counterparts. 1 Clients state the difficulty of getting the cat into a carrier at home, driving to the clinic, and dealing with the fearful cat at the veterinary clinic as reasons for fewer visits. 2 Educating and preparing the client and the veterinary team with regard to respectful feline handling is necessary in order to avoid stress and accomplish the goal of good health care. Without such preparation, feline stress may escalate into fear or fear-associated aggression. The resulting stress may alter results of the physical examination and laboratory tests, leading to incorrect diagnoses (eg, diabetes mellitus) and unnecessary treatments. 3 – 5 Without compassionate and respectful handling by the veterinary team, clients may feel the team lacks skills and compassion, or does not understand cats. Injury may occur to the cat, client and/or veterinary team. 6 Clients who want to avoid stress for their cat may avoid veterinary visits or choose another practice instead. Goals The use of feline-friendly handling techniques should reduce these problems. Handling is most successful when the veterinary team adapts the approach to each individual cat and situation. The goal of these guidelines is to provide useful information for handling cats that can lead to: Reduced fear and pain for the cat. Reinforced veterinarian—client—cat bond, trust and confidence, and thus better lifelong medical care for the cat. Improved efficiency, productivity and job satisfaction for the veterinary team. Increased client compliance. Timely reporting and early detection of medical and behavioral concerns. Fewer injuries to clients and the veterinary team. Reduced anxiety for the client.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF MIGRATION AND REPUTATION IN KINSHASA
Authors: Trapido Joseph 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis essay presents a history of themikiliste, the high-livingbon vivantwho travels to Europe and is a central figure in Kinois urban mythology. It looks in particular at the highly theatrical exchanges engaged in by themikiliste,which relate especially to music patronage and to designer clothing. I show how these exchanges have evolved over time, both shaping and being shaped by the political economy of Kinshasa. The essay shows how such aesthetic performances should not be discussed in isolation from wider political-economic considerations. Those who participate in economies of prestige must be connected to a material base, and the ruling class, with their access to the resources of the interior, have become ever more important participants in themikilisterituals of largesse. Recently, the violent contestation ofmikilisteexchange, both in Europe and in Kinshasa, indicates that such moments of largesse may be involved in reproducing political-economic relations in the Congolese capital.