bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of oat processing on the glycaemic and insulin responses in horses
Authors: Vervuert I. , Coenen M. , Bothe C. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different oat processing techniques on the plasma glucose and insulin response in horses. In a cross‐over design, six horses (ages 4–15 years, mean body weight ± SD: 450 ± 37 kg) were fed in random order: untreated oats, finely ground, steam‐flaked and popped oats. The total oat intake varied between 1.05–1.5 kg/day, and the amount of diet was adjusted to a starch content of 630 g starch per day and horse (1.2–1.5 g starch/kg BW/day). During the stabilization period of 10 days, horses additionally received 6 kg grass hay. Following this adaptation period, plasma glucose and insulin responses to the respective dietary treatments were tested. Horses were fed their test diet (exclusively oats), and blood samples were collected at defined times to determine glycaemic and insulin response. Oat feeding resulted in a significant increase in mean plasma glucose and insulin concentration. However, glucose and insulin peaks as well as their respective areas under the curves were not clearly influenced by oat processing. The glycaemic index varied between 94.7 ± 11.2% (steam‐flaked oats) and 102.6 ± 14.5% (finely ground oats, n.s.), the insulin index ranged between 93.8 ± 18.9% (popped oats) and 150.0 ± 77.6% (finely ground oats, n.s.). The insulin reaction to oat feeding showed a high variability between the horses.The results of this study indicate that the glucose and insulin responses are not clearly altered by the different types of oat processing. However, the glucose and insulin responses tended to be lower in thermally treated oats when compared with untreated or finely ground oats.
Preliminary study on the feeding habits of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the western Alps
Authors: Mussa P. P. , Aceto P. , Abba C. , Sterpone L. , Meineri G. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryRoe deer feeding habits were studied in the western Alps during the summer season using the faecal analysis method. The diet of cattle grazing in the same area was also investigated and the trophical niche overlap between the two species was determined. The roe deer diet was found very variable and mostly composed of dicotyledons, with Leguminosae and Cistaceae as prevalent species. Monocotyledons, mainly represented by Graminaceae, were consumed to a lesser extent. A significant preference was observed for Cistaceae and other dicotyledons whereas a significant refuse was observed for Graminaceae and Asteraceae. These data confirmed the roe deer's behaviour to select food with a better nutritive value. Despite the differences between the cattle and roe deer's diets, the trophical niche overlap was quite high. This can be explained by the homogeneity of the plants covering the whole area which probably limited food selection by the roe deer.
In vitro quality assessment of two tropical shrub legumes in relation to their extractable tannins contents
Authors: Seresinhe T. , Iben C. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the two leguminous tree fodders Gliricidia sepium and Calliandra calothyrsus which differ in their tannin content was examined by the rumen simulation technique. Extractable condensed tannin (CT) concentrations ranged from 0.57% in G. sepium to 5.05% in C. calothyrsus using the butanol–HCl extraction. On the basis of their respective CT contents, G. sepium was classified as containing traces of CT, whereas C. calothyrsus had medium amounts of CT. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added at different concentrations (0, 1.5, 5 and 10 g/100 g plant material substrate) to assess the effect of tannins on IVDMD. The IVDMD was higher for G. sepium (range: 60–65%) than for C. calothyrsus (39.5–53.5%). In vitro gas production and IVDMD increased with increased PEG concentrations especially for C. calothyrsus. A non‐significant response to increasing PEG concentrations for IVDMD of G. sepium confirms PEG binding with the tannins. On the basis of these results, it is assumed that G. sepium has a higher nutritive value than C. calothyrsus. Good relationship between PEG binding and the improvement of IVDMD confirms the usefulness of this technique for improving the nutritive value of tanniniferous tropical browses.
The nutrition of the chinchilla as a companion animal – basic data, influences and dependences
Authors: Wolf P. , Schröder A. , Wenger A. , Kamphues J. 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThis contribution is meant to obtain basic data for feeding chinchillas (ingestion behaviour, feed and water intake) kept as companion animals. The chinchillas ingested more than 70% of their total feed intake during the dark phase (highest level of activity between 9:00 pm and 7:00 am). Daily amounts of feed intake varied between 2.5 (fresh grass) or 2.6 (hay) and 5.5 (pelleted complete diet) g of dry matter per 100 g of body weight. An offered mixed feed based on native components led to a selection of individual ingredients (high palatability: carob, beet pulp, sunflower seeds). The chinchillas’ daily water intake varied between 30 (mixed feed in briquette form) and 40 ml (alfalfa cubes) and amounted on average between 1.5 and 3 ml/g of dry matter. Compared with rabbits or guinea‐pigs, the chinchillas generally showed noticeable differences (rhythm of feed intake, palatability of individual ingredients, capacity for digestion, etc.) which must be considered in order to optimize the nutrition of this species.
A set of polymorphic microsatellites for Vochysia ferruginea, a promising tree for land reclamation in the Neotropics
Authors: Lowe A. J. , Goodall‐Copestake W. P. , Caron H. , Kremer A. , Decroocq S. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract Vochysia ferruginea
Mart. (Vochysiaceae) is a gap colonist of Neotropical forest. Because of its high tolerance of low‐nutrient acidic conditions and high aluminium and iron concentrations, and its high potential seed and pollen dispersal, it is a promising timber species for commercial development as reclaimed forest on degraded land. We present here primer sequences for 10 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci for use with
V. ferruginea to assess fine scale genetic structure and gene flow dynamics.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from black grouper, Mycteroperca bonaci (Teleostei: Serranidae)
Authors: Zatcoff M. S. , Ball A. O. , Chapman R. W. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractMany groupers in the western Atlantic are vulnerable to overfishing, and appropriate management requires knowledge of the population structure of these fish. To this end microsatellite markers were developed from black grouper, Mycteroperca bonaci, using an enrichment procedure. Five loci with levels of polymorphism ranging from 0.5 to 0.9 were selected. These markers also proved to be useful in scamp, M. phenax; red grouper, Epinephelus morio; and goliath grouper, E. itajara. Conformation to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed except for heterozygote deficiencies noted for E. morio at two of the loci used for this species.
Development of microsatellite markers in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) using a dual‐supression‐PCR technique
Authors: Lian C. , Hogetsu T. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractBlack locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is an economically and ecologically important tree species in the world. We isolated seven polymorphic microsatellite loci from R. pseudoacacia using a dual‐suppression‐PCR technique. These loci provided microsatellite markers with high polymorphism ranging from three to 12 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity between 0.538 and 0.944. The markers are now available for more detailed investigation of population genetic structure and pollen and seed dispersal.
Microsatellite markers in Fijian crested iguanas (Brachylophus vitiensis) also amplify Fijian banded iguanas (B. fasciatus)
Authors: Burns Emma L. , Costello Brian H. , Schulmeister Alexandra , Houlden Bronwyn A. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractFive microsatellite markers were isolated from the Fijian crested iguana (Brachylophus vitiensis) using an enrichment technique. These loci also amplified the Fijian banded iguana (B. fasciatus). All five loci were polymorphic with between 2–7 and 4–7 alleles per locus in B. vitiensis and B. fasciatus, respectively. Heterozygosity (HO) values ranged from 0.069 to 0.875. These markers were useful in resolving kinship relationships and will aid future endeavours by the captive management program to conserve genetic diversity.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci for eusocial wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: Daly D. , Archer M. E. , Watts P. C. , Speed M. P. , Hughes M. R. , Barker F. S. , Jones J. , Odgaard K. , Kemp S. J. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractHymenopterans are an important model for studying the evolution of cooperation in animal societies. Here, we characterize 19 microsatellite loci, isolated from the common wasp Vespula vulgaris, that can be used to study genetic variation in three genera (seven species) within the Vespidae. The number of alleles in V. vulgaris was moderate, varying from 2 to 14, with expected heterozygosity ranging between 0.04 and 0.93. Eleven loci amplified DNA in V. austriaca and Dolichovespula sylvestris, nine in V. germanica, eight in Vespa crabro and V. rufa, seven in D. media and only five loci could be used for D. norwegica.
Cross‐Border Insolvencies in the 21st Century: A Proposal for International Cooperation
Authors: Mears Rona R. 
Published: October 2010

Faced with a maze of national insolvency laws, cross‐border insolvencies currently lack the fairness to both debtor and creditor that can be found in domestic proceedings. Yet the problem of international insolvencies cannot be solved by independent action in individual nations, nor without a fundamental commitment to the principle of universality. This article discusses one proposed solution to the problem of how best to encourage the central administration of cross‐border insolvencies. namely the Model International Insolvency Cooperation Act (“MIICA”). The author reviews MIICA's genesis, principles, provisions and prospects for implementation.Confrontées à une multitude de lois nationales sur l'insolvabilité, les faillites ayant lieu au‐delà de nos frontières ne sont pas aussi équitables vis‐àvis des débiteurs et des créditeurs que celles qui surviennent à l'intérieur du pays. Cependant, le problème de faillites internationales ne peut pas être résolu de façon indépendante par différents pays ou sans adhérer au principe de l'universalité. Cet article examine une des solutions proposées afin d'encourager le plus possible l'administration centrale des faillites qui se produisent à l‘étranger, notamment la “Model International Insolvency Cooperation Act” (“Loi Modèle sur la cooperation quant à l'insolvabilité internationale”). L'auteure passe en revue les origines, les principes, les disopositions et les perspectives d'application de la Loi.
Some Consequences of Insolvency Law Reform
Authors: Hill Steve 
Published: October 2010

In 1985 and 1986, the United Kingdom introduced major substantive reforms to its insolvency legislation. A number of jurisdictions are presently considering radical reform in this area, and the author sets out some of the lessons, both good and bad, which can be learned from the British experience.En 1985 et 1986, le Royaume‐Uni modifia substantiellement se législation sur l'insolvabilité. Actuellement. plusiers juridictions envisagent des réformes radicales dans ce domaine. L'auteur présente quelques‐unes des lecon, positives et négatives, qui peuvent être tirées de l'expérience britannique.
The association between spending on methamphetamine/amphetamine and cannabis for personal use and earnings from acquisitive crime among police detainees in New Zealand
Authors: Wilkins Chris , Sweetsur Paul 
Published: October 2010

ABSTRACTAims  Few studies have examined the statistical association between methamphetamine/amphetamine use and acquisitive crime. Both methamphetamine/amphetamine and cannabis use have been implicated by New Zealand Police as factors in acquisitive offending among active criminal populations. The aim of our study was to examine the statistical association between spending on methamphetamine/amphetamine and cannabis and earnings from acquisitive crime among police detainees in New Zealand.Setting  Four police stations in different regions.Participants  A sample of 2125 police detainees were interviewed about their drug use and acquisitive crime.Design  Statistical models were developed to predict involvement in acquisitive crime using spending on methamphetamine/amphetamine and cannabis for personal use, and to examine associations between the level of spending on methamphetamine/amphetamine and cannabis for personal use and level of dollar earnings from acquisitive crime.Measurements  Self‐reported spending on drug use and self‐reported earnings from acquisitive crime in the past 30 days.Findings  Spending on cannabis and methamphetamine/amphetamine could predict involvement in acquisitive crime. Level of spending on methamphetamine/amphetamine and cannabis was associated positively with the level of earnings from property crime. Level of spending on methamphetamine/amphetamine was also associated positively with level of earnings from drug dealing. There was a largely negative association between level of spending on cannabis and level of earnings from drug dealing.Conclusions  High spending on methamphetamine/amphetamine is associated statistically with higher earnings from acquisitive crime among police detainees. Further research into this association, and in particular the causal nature of the association, is required to obtain clear policy recommendations.
Rapid detection, enrichment and propagation of specific T cell subsets based on cytokine secretion
Authors: Campbell J D M , Foerster A , Lasmanowicz V , Niemöller M , Scheffold A , Fahrendorff M , Rauser G , Assenmacher M , Richter A 
Published: October 2010

SummaryT cell lines with defined cytokine profiles are an invaluable tool for assessing the control of immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Production of such cell lines can be complex and time-consuming. Here we present a powerful technique to assay the cytokines produced by T cells activated polyclonally or with specific antigens. This paper presents a detailed methodology for the identification and isolation of cytokine-producing T cells activated with the artificial superantigen, CytoStim, or viral and fungal antigens. These cells can be analysed for different cytokines simultaneously, or cultured further to rapidly establish T cell lines making known cytokine types. We highlight the enumeration, isolation and phenotype of interleukin-17-producing T cells, and the rapid generation of virus-specific Th1 T cell lines.
Mifepristone (RU486) restores humoral and T cell-mediated immune response in endotoxin immunosuppressed mice
Authors: Rearte B , Maglioco A , Balboa L , Bruzzo J , Landoni V I , Laborde E A , Chiarella P , Ruggiero R A , Fernández G C , Isturiz M A 
Published: October 2010

SummarySepsis and septic shock can be caused by Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and other microorganisms. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, endotoxin, a normal constituent of the bacterial wall, also known as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), has been considered as one of the principal agents causing the undesirable effects in this critical illness. The response to LPS involves a rapid secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and the concomitant induction of anti-inflammatory mediators such as IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β or glucocorticoids, which render the host temporarily refractory to subsequent lethal doses of LPS challenge in a process known as LPS or endotoxin tolerance. Although protective from the development of sepsis or systemic inflammation, endotoxin tolerance has also been pointed out as the main cause of the non-specific humoral and cellular immunosuppression described in these patients. In this report we demonstrate, using a mouse model, that mifepristone (RU486), a known glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, could play an important role in the restoration of both adaptive humoral and cellular immune response in LPS immunosuppressed mice, suggesting the involvement of endogenous glucocorticoids in this phenomenon. On the other hand, using cyclophosphamide and gemcitabine, we demonstrated that regulatory/suppressor CD4+CD25+forkhead boxP3+ and GR-1+CD11b+ cells do not play a major role in the establishment or the maintenance of endotoxin tolerance, a central mechanism for inducing an immunosuppression state.
Were monocytes responsible for initiating the cytokine storm in the TGN1412 clinical trial tragedy?
Authors: Sandilands G P , Wilson M , Huser C , Jolly L , Sands W A , McSharry C 
Published: October 2010

SummaryThe precise biological mechanisms that caused the TGN1412 clinical trial tragedy (also known as ‘The Elephant Man Clinical Trial’) in March 2006 remain a mystery to this day. It is assumed widely that the drug used in this trial (TGN1412) bound to CD28 on T lymphocytes and following activation of these cells, a massive ‘cytokine storm’ ensued, leading ultimately to multi-organ failure in all recipients. The rapidity of this in vivo response (within 2 h), however, does not fit well with a classical T lymphocyte response, suggesting that other ‘faster-acting’ cell types may have been involved. In this study we have activated purified human peripheral blood leucocyte populations using various clones of mouse monoclonal anti-CD28 presented to cells in the form of a multimeric array. Cytokines were measured in cell-free supernatants at 2 h, and specific mRNA for tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, thought to be the initiator of the cytokine storm, was also measured in cell lysates by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Monocytes were the only cell type found to show significant (P &lt; 0·05) up-regulation of TNF-α at 2 h. Eleven other monocyte cytokines were also up-regulated by anti-CD28 within this time-frame. It therefore seems likely that monocytes and not T cells, as widely believed, were probably responsible, at least in part, for initiating the cytokine storm. Furthermore, we propose that a multimeric antibody array may have formed in vivo on the vascular endothelium via an interaction between TGN1412 and CD64 (FcγRI), and we provide some evidence in support of this hypothesis.
Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) affinity-purified anti-desmoglein anti-idiotypic antibodies in the treatment of an experimental model of pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Mimouni D , Blank M , Payne A S , Anhalt G J , Avivi C , Barshack I , David M , Shoenfeld Y 
Published: October 2010

SummaryPemphigus vulgaris is a rare life-threatening autoimmune bullous disease caused by immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies directed against desmogleins 1 and 3. Previously, we showed that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) ameliorates anti-desmoglein-induced experimental pemphigus vulgaris in newborn naive mice. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of anti-anti-desmoglein-specific IVIG in a similar model. Pemphigus-vulgaris-specific IVIG (PV-sIVIG) was affinity-purified from IVIG on a column of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) anti-desmogleins 1 and 3. The anti-idiotypic activity of PV-sIVIG was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, inhibition assay. After induction of pemphigus by injection of anti-desmogleins 1 and 3 scFv to newborn mice, the animals were treated with PV-sIVIG, IVIG (low or high dose) or IgG from a healthy donor (n = 10 each). The skin was examined 24–48 h later, and samples of affected areas were analysed by histology and immunofluorescence. In vitro study showed that PV-sIVIG significantly inhibited anti-desmogleins 1 and 3 scFv binding to recombinant desmoglein-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Specificity was confirmed by inhibition assay. In vivo analysis revealed cutaneous lesions of pemphigus vulgaris in mice injected with normal IgG (nine of 10 mice) or low-dose IVIG (nine of 10 mice), but not in mice treated with PV-sIVIG (none of 10) or high-dose IVIG (none of 10). On immunopathological study, PV-sIVIG and regular IVIG prevented the formation of acantholysis and deposition of IgG in intercellular spaces. In conclusion, the PV-sIVIG preparation is more effective than native IVIG in inhibiting anti-desmoglein-induced pemphigus vulgaris in mice and might serve as a future therapy in patients with the clinical disease.
Migration, isolation and hybridization in island crop populations: the case of Madagascar rice
Authors: MATHER KRISTIE A. , MOLINA JEANMAIRE , FLOWERS JONATHAN M. , RUBINSTEIN SAMARA , RAUH BRAD L. , LAWTON‐RAUH AMY , CAICEDO ANA L. , McNALLY KENNETH L. , PURUGGANAN MICHAEL D. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractUnderstanding how crop species spread and are introduced to new areas provides insights into the nature of species range expansions. The domesticated species Oryza sativa or Asian rice is one of the key domesticated crop species in the world. The island of Madagascar off the coast of East Africa was one of the last major Old World areas of introduction of rice after the domestication of this crop species and before extensive historical global trade in this crop. Asian rice was introduced in Madagascar from India, the Malay Peninsula and Indonesia approximately 800–1400 years ago. Studies of domestication traits characteristic of the two independently domesticated Asian rice subspecies, indica and tropical japonica, suggest two major waves of migrations into Madagascar. A population genetic analysis of rice in Madagascar using sequence data from 53 gene fragments provided insights into the dynamics of island founder events during the expansion of a crop species’ geographic range and introduction to novel agro‐ecological environments. We observed a significant decrease in genetic diversity in rice from Madagascar when compared to those in Asia, likely the result of a bottleneck on the island. We also found a high frequency of a unique indica type in Madagascar that shows clear population differentiation from most of the sampled Asian landraces, as well as differential exchange of alleles between Asia and Madagascar populations of the tropical japonica subspecies. Finally, despite partial reproductive isolation between japonica and indica, there was evidence of indica/japonica recombination resulting from their hybridization on the island.