bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poorly Neutralizing Cross-Reactive Antibodies against the Fusion Loop of West Nile Virus Envelope Protein ProtectIn Vivovia Fcγ Receptor and Complement-Dependent Effector Mechanisms
Authors: Vogt Matthew R. , Dowd Kimberly A. , Engle Michael , Tesh Robert B. , Johnson Syd , Pierson Theodore C. , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTThe human antibody response to flavivirus infection is dominantly directed against a cross-reactive epitope on the fusion loop of domain II (DII-FL) of the envelope (E) protein. Although antibodies against this epitope fail to recognize fully mature West Nile virus (WNV) virions and accordingly neutralize infection poorlyin vitro, their functional propertiesin vivoremain less well understood. Here, we show that while passive transfer of poorly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and polyclonal antibodies against the DII-FL epitope protect against lethal WNV infection in wild-type mice, they fail to protect mice lacking activating Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and the complement opsonin C1q. Consistent with this, an aglycosyl chimeric mouse-human DII-FL MAb (E28) variant that lacks the ability to engage FcγR and C1q also did not protect against WNV infection in wild-type mice. Using a series of immunodeficient mice and antibody depletions of individual immune cell populations, we demonstrate that the nonneutralizing DII-FL MAb E28 does not require T, B, or NK cells, inflammatory monocytes, or neutrophils for protection. Rather, E28 treatment decreased viral load in the serum early in the course of infection, which resulted in blunted dissemination to the brain, an effect that required phagocytic cells, C1q, and FcγRIII (CD16). Overall, these studies enhance our understanding of the functional significance of immunodominant, poorly neutralizing antibodies in the polyclonal human anti-flavivirus response and highlight the limitations of currentin vitrosurrogate markers of protection, such as cell-based neutralization assays, which cannot account for the beneficial effects conferred by these antibodies.
TLR2 Agonist PSK Activates Human NK Cells and Enhances the Antitumor Effect of HER2-Targeted Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
Authors: Lu Hailing , Yang Yi , Gad Ekram , Inatsuka Carol , Wenner Cynthia A. , Disis Mary L. , Standish Leanna J. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Purpose: The therapeutic effect of trastuzumab monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been shown to be partially dependent on functional natural killer (NK) cells. Novel agents that enhance NK cell function could potentially improve the antitumor effect of trastuzumab. We recently identified polysaccharide krestin (PSK), a natural product extracted from medicinal mushroom Trametes versicolor, as a potent toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) agonist. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of PSK on human NK cells and the potential of using PSK to enhance HER2-targeted mAb therapy.
Experimental Design: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with PSK to evaluate the effect of PSK on NK cell activation, IFN-γ production, cytotoxicity, and trastuzumab-mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Whether the effect of PSK on NK cells is direct or indirect was also investigated. Then, in vivo experiment in neu transgenic (neu-T) mice was carried out to determine the potential of using PSK to augment the antitumor effect of HER2-targeted mAb therapy.
Results: PSK activated human NK cells to produce IFN-γ and to lyse K562 target cells. PSK also enhanced trastuzumab-mediated ADCC against SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Both direct and interleukin-12–dependent indirect effects seem to be involved in the effect of PSK on NK cells. Oral administration of PSK significantly potentiated the antitumor effect of anti-HER2/neu mAb therapy in neu-T mice.
Conclusion: These results showed that PSK activates human NK cells and potentiates trastuzumab-mediated ADCC. Concurrent treatment with PSK and trastuzumab may be a novel way to augment the antitumor effect of trastuzumab. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6742–53. ©2011 AACR.
Expression of FoxM1 Is Required for the Proliferation of Medulloblastoma Cells and Indicates Worse Survival of Patients
Authors: Priller Markus , Pöschl Julia , Abrão Leticia , von Bueren André O. , Cho Yoon-Jae , Rutkowski Stefan , Kretzschmar Hans A. , Schüller Ulrich 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Purpose: The transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is a key regulator of cell-cycle progression. It is involved in the development of multiple organs, and we have previously reported on its important role for the mitotic entry of cerebellar granule neuron precursors. Constitutive expression of FoxM1 is required for the growth of multiple cancer types. This study aimed to determine its role in medulloblastoma, the most frequent malignant brain tumor in childhood that can derive from cerebellar granule neuron precursors.
Experimental Design: We evaluated the expression of FoxM1 together with its prognostic value in two independent series of human medulloblastoma samples using immunohistochemistry (n = 43) and gene expression arrays (n = 193). The functional impact of FoxM1 expression was characterized by knockdown experiments in four human medulloblastoma cell lines, and the thiazole antibiotic siomycin A was tested to downregulate FoxM1 and inhibit tumor cell growth.
Results: FoxM1 was highly expressed in all subtypes of medulloblastoma. Importantly, expression levels of FoxM1 significantly correlated with unfavorable clinical outcome in univariate analysis (P = 0.0005), and FoxM1 was identified as an independent prognostic marker by multivariate analysis (P = 0.037). Knockdown of FoxM1 in medulloblastoma cell lines resulted in a significant decrease of cell viability which was caused by a failure in mitotic spindle formation and caspase-dependent mitotic catastrophe. Siomycin A significantly inhibited the expression of FoxM1 and the growth of medulloblastoma cells.
Conclusions: FoxM1 may be used as an additional prognostic marker and may represent a potential novel target to treat patients suffering from medulloblastoma. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6791–801. ©2011 AACR.
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer: Why Hyaluronidase Deserves a Second Look
Authors: Whatcott Clifford J. , Han Haiyong , Posner Richard G. , Hostetter Galen , Von Hoff Daniel D. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIncreased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition is a characteristic observed in many solid tumors. Increased levels of one ECM component—namely, hyaluronan (HA)—leads to reduced elasticity of tumor tissue and increased interstitial fluid pressure. Multiple initial reports showed that the addition of hyaluronidase (HYAL) to chemotherapeutic regimens could greatly improve efficacy. Unfortunately, the bovine HYAL used in those studies was limited therapeutically by immunologic responses to treatment. Newly developed recombinant human HYAL has recently been introduced into clinical trials. In this article, we describe the role of HA in cancer, methods of targeting HA, and clinical studies performed to date, and we propose that targeting HA could now be an effective treatment option for patients with many different types of solid tumors. Cancer Discovery; 1(4): 291–96. ©2011 AACR.
Vertical Structure of Tropical Cyclones with Concentric Eyewalls as Seen by the TRMM Precipitation Radar
Authors: Hence Deanna A. , Houze Robert A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTen years of data from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission satellite’s Precipitation Radar are analyzed to determine the typical vertical structure of the concentric eyewalls of tropical cyclones undergoing eyewall replacement. The vertical structure of the secondary (outer) eyewall is different from the primary (inner) eyewall and also different from the eyewall of single eyewall storms. The upper-troposphere portions of the outer eyewalls are like the rainbands from which they evolve. Their lower-tropospheric portions are more intense and more uniform than rainbands of single eyewall storms, suggesting that these secondary eyewalls are forming from rainbands undergoing axisymmetrization and building from below. The inner concentric eyewalls are more strongly affected by shear than are the eyewalls of single eyewall storms, while the outer eyewalls are relatively unaffected by shear, which suggests the outer eyewall is amplifying the shear-induced asymmetry of the inner eyewall.
Characterization of Turbulent Latent and Sensible Heat Flux Exchange between the Atmosphere and Ocean in MERRA
Authors: Roberts J. Brent , Robertson Franklin R. , Clayson Carol A. , Bosilovich Michael G. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture across the atmosphere–ocean interface are fundamental components of the earth’s energy and water balance. Characterizing both the spatiotemporal variability and the fidelity of these exchanges of heat and moisture is critical to understanding the global water and energy cycle variations, quantifying atmosphere–ocean feedbacks, and improving model predictability. This study examines the veracity of the recently completed NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) product in terms of its turbulent surface fluxes. This assessment employs a large dataset of directly measured turbulent fluxes as well as other turbulent surface flux datasets. The spatial and temporal variability of the surface fluxes are examined in terms of their annual-mean climatologies, their seasonal covariability of near-surface bulk parameters, and their representation of extremes. The impact of data assimilation on the near-surface parameters is assessed through evaluation of the incremental analysis update tendencies. It is found that MERRA turbulent surface fluxes are relatively accurate for typical conditions but have systematically weak vertical gradients in moisture and temperature and a weaker covariability between the near-surface gradients and wind speed than found in observations. This results in an underestimate of the surface latent and sensible heat fluxes over the western boundary current and storm-track regions. The assimilation of observations generally acts to bring MERRA closer to observational products by increasing moisture and temperature near the surface and decreasing the near-surface wind speeds.
Clarice Lispector’s The Passion According to G.H.
Authors: Caufield Catherine 
Published: September 2011

This essay is an exploration of the way in which Jewish religious paradigms are manifested and sometimes subverted in Clarice Lispector’s novel The Passion According to G.H. The question which guides this enquiry is the theoretical issue of examining what is being represented in this text: What is the mimetic relationship between the character’s development and the ineffable referent to which the narrative refers? Utilizing a phenomenological philosophical hermeneutic literary methodology, it is found that an ineffable referent in the text of The Passion According to G.H. is articulated through a tension between religious reference and a self-reflective narrator questioning the limits of language. As this tension plays out, ostensibly through contemplation of a squashed cockroach, the narrator’s consciousness is transformed to an understanding larger than that of the ordinary quotidian. Ce travail est une exploration de la manière par laquelle des paradigmes religieux juifs sont manifestés et parfois renversés dans le roman de Clarice Lispector La passion selon G.H. La question qui guide cette enquête est la question théorique d’examiner ce qui est représenté dans ce texte : Quel est le rapport mimétique entre le développement du caractère et le référent inexprimable auxquel le récit se réfère? Utilisant la méthodologie littéraire de l’herméneutique philosophique phénoménologique, on le constate qu’un référent inexprimable dans le texte de La passion selon G.H. est articulé par une tension entre la référence religieuse et la réflexivité propre du narrateur, remettant en cause les limites de la langue. Comme cette tension a eu lieu, ostensiblement par la contemplation d’un cafard écrasé, la conscience du narrateur est transformée à un arrangement plus grand que celui du quotidien ordinaire.
Combined use of self-efficacy scale for oral health behaviour and oral health questionnaire: A pilot study
Authors: Soutome Sakiko , Kajiwara Kazumi , Oho Takahiko 
Published: September 2011

Objective: To examine whether the combined use of a task-specific self-efficacy scale for oral health behaviour (SEOH) and an oral health questionnaire (OHQ) would be useful for evaluating subjects’ behaviours and cognitions. Design: Questionnaires. Methods: One hundred and eighty-five students completed the SEOH and OHQ. The 30-item OHQ uses a nominal scale, and the 25-item SEOH includes four subscales with items rated on a five-point Likert scale. The SEOH score of each student was evaluated on the basis of the sum of all scores. The relationship between SEOH scores, including scores on all subscales, and observed values on the OHQ was examined using chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Results: Female subjects exhibited higher average scores than male subjects on both the SEOH and self-efficacy scale. Logistic regression analysis revealed eight significant interactions between scores on the SEOH, including its subscales, and OHQ items for male and 10 significant interactions for female. Conclusion: Combining the SEOH and the OHQ is useful as a psychological criterion for the clinical assessment and prediction of motivation and skills with respect to oral health behaviour.
The Effects of Security Threats on Antecedents of Police Legitimacy
Authors: Jonathan-Zamir Tal , Weisburd David 
Published: September 2011

Objectives: Examine the relative importance of “police performance” and “procedural justice” as antecedents of police legitimacy in situations of acute security threats, in comparison to situations of “no threat.” Method: A unique security situation in Israel allowed for a natural experiment. Using survey data and a multivariate regression approach, the authors compare the importance of “procedural justice” and “police performance” in “Sderot,” an Israeli town facing immediate security threats, with other Israeli communities that did not suffer from specific security threats at the time. Results: As expected, assessments of police performance did increase in importance for the public under threat. At the same time and contrary to the authors' hypothesis, evaluations of procedural justice did not decline in importance, and, what is more, procedural justice remained the primary antecedent of police legitimacy in both conditions. Conclusions: There does not seem to be a zero-sum game between “police performance” and “procedural justice” in predicting police legitimacy. Moreover, procedural justice is consistently the primary antecedent of police legitimacy, even when the public is faced with the stressful situation of immediate security threats. The authors encourage future research to replicate their analysis in different settings and particularly under different conditions of security threats.
Single and multiple yarn pull-out on E-glass woven fabric structures
Authors: Bilisik Kadir , Yolacan Gaye 
Published: September 2011

The aim of this study was to understand the pull-out properties of E-glass woven fabrics. For this purpose, low yarn linear density E-Glass-F1 and high yarn linear density E-Glass-F2 woven fabrics were used to conduct the pull-out tests. A developed yarn pull-out fixture was used to test short and long fabric sample dimensions. Data generated from the single and multiple yarn pull-out tests using E-Glass-F1 and E-Glass-F2 woven fabrics included fabric pull-out forces, yarn crimp extensions in the fabrics and fabric displacements. Yarn pull-out forces depend on yarn linear density, fabric density, fabric sample dimensions and the number of pulled ends in the fabric. Results showed that multiple yarn pull-out force was higher than single yarn pull-out force. Single and multiple yarn pull-out forces in high yarn linear density E-Glass-F2 were higher than those of low yarn linear density E-Glass-F1 fabric. It was found that the crimp ratio in the fabric and fabric lengths is an important structural parameter for yarn crimp extension. Fabric displacement resulting from the multiple yarn pull-out test was higher than that of the single yarn pull-out test. Fabric displacement generated from single and multiple pull-out tests depended on fabric sample dimensions and the number of pulled yarn ends. Future research will concentrate on the development of the analytical relationship between pull-out and yarn fabric structural parameters which could result in a better fabric structure for use in composite applications.
Collaborating With Diabetes Educators to Promote Smoking Cessation for People With Diabetes
Authors: MacAller Tami , Brown Marianne , Black Karen , Greenwood Deborah 
Published: September 2011

Purpose Smoking exacerbates the harmful effects of diabetes by increasing risk of diabetes-related complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, nephropathy, and neuropathy. To address the smoking cessation needs of people with diabetes, a partnership was formed among diabetes educators, the California Department of Public Health’s Diabetes and Tobacco Control Programs, and the California Smokers’ Helpline. Methods A task force composed of 8 diabetes educators voluntarily designed and implemented a statewide educational campaign titled, “Do You cAARd?” The program aimed to promote referrals to the state’s tobacco quitline by diabetes educators. Intervention activities included development of a “toolkit” for diabetes educators, presentations at American Association of Diabetes Educators chapter meetings, distribution of pocket-sized smoking cessation materials, and a print media campaign. Results The campaign reached 170 diabetes educators directly via educational presentations. A post-campaign online survey of 46 diabetes educators showed 80% had referred clients to the Helpline for smoking cessation support, 76% knew the Helpline’s phone number, and 70% had distributed Helpline materials. More than 700 toolkits were downloaded, potentially reaching as many as 75% of California’s 900 diabetes educators. The percentage of Helpline calls from people with diabetes and the proportion of callers referred by health care providers also increased over time. Conclusions This program partnership serves as a sustainable, efficient, replicable outreach model for smoking cessation.
Morphologic Characteristics Help Explain the Gender Difference in Peak Anterior Cruciate Ligament Strain During a Simulated Pivot Landing
Authors: Lipps David B. , Oh Youkeun K. , Ashton-Miller James A. , Wojtys Edward M. 
Published: September 2011

Background: Gender differences exist in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) cross-sectional area and lateral tibial slope. Biomechanical principles suggest that the direction of these gender differences should induce larger peak ACL strains in females under dynamic loading. Hypothesis: Peak ACL relative strain during a simulated pivot landing is significantly greater in female ACLs than male ACLs. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty cadaveric knees from height- and weight-matched male and female cadavers were subjected to impulsive 3-dimensional test loads of 2 times body weight in compression, flexion, and internal tibial torque starting at 15° of flexion. Load cells measured the 3-dimensional forces and moments applied to the knee, and forces in the pretensioned quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius muscle equivalents. A novel, gender-specific, nonlinear spring simulated short-range and longer range quadriceps muscle tensile stiffness. Peak relative strain in the anteromedial bundle of the ACL (AM-ACL) was measured using a differential variable reluctance transducer, while ACL cross-sectional area and lateral tibial slope were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. A repeated-measures Mann-Whitney signed-rank test was used to test the hypothesis. Results: Female knees exhibited 95% greater peak AM-ACL relative strain than male knees (6.37% [2.53%] vs 3.26% [1.89%]; P = .004). Anterior cruciate ligament cross-sectional area and lateral tibial slope were significant predictors of peak AM-ACL relative strain ( R2 = .59; P = .001). Conclusion: Peak AM-ACL relative strain was significantly greater in female than male knees from donors of the same height and weight. This gender difference is attributed to a smaller female ACL cross-sectional area and a greater lateral tibial slope. Clinical Relevance: Since female ACLs are systematically exposed to greater strain than their male counterparts, training and injury prevention programs should take this fact into consideration.
Is there a need for a focused health care service for children with autistic spectrum disorders? A keyhole look at this problem in Tripoli, Libya
Authors: Zeglam Adel M , Maouna Ameena 
Published: September 2011

Background Autism is a global disorder, but relatively little is known about its presentation and occurrence in many developing countries, including Libya. Aims To estimate the prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders in children referred to Al-Khadra hospital (KH). To increase the awareness among pediatrician and primary health care providers of the importance of considering autism in children presenting with speech and language disorders. Methods Prospective hospital-based study of all children referred to a neurodevelopment clinic between 2005 and 2009 with the diagnosis of either speech and language difficulties or behavioral difficulties. Results A total of 38,508 children were seen in the pediatric outpatient clinics of KH, Tripoli, between 2005 and 2009. Of these, 180 children were referred to the neurodevelopment clinic with history of delayed speech and language and or behavioral difficulties. A diagnosis of autism was made in 128 children, which gives a prevalence of approximately 1 in 300. Conclusion The prevalence of autism in Libya is probably similar to that seen in the USA and the UK. No data were available for comparison from either Arab or other developing countries. Autism is an important differential diagnosis of any language disorder ‘and behavioral difficulties’.
Abnormal expression of FLI1 protein is an adverse prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Kornblau Steven M. , Qiu Yi Hua , Zhang Nianxiang , Singh Neera , Faderl Stefan , Ferrajoli Alessandra , York Heather , Qutub Amina A. , Coombes Kevin R. , Watson Dennis K. 
Published: September 2011

Abstract
Friend leukemia virus integration 1 (FLI1), an Ets transcription factor family member, is linked to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by chromosomal events at the FLI1 locus, but the biologic impact of FLI1 expression on AML is unknown. FLI1 protein expression was measured in 511 newly diagnosed AML patients. Expression was similar in peripheral blood (PB) and BM and higher at diagnosis than at relapse (P = .02). Compared with normal CD34+ cells, expression in AML was above or below normal in 32% and 5% of patients, respectively. Levels were negatively correlated with an antecedent hematologic disorder (P = .002) but not with age or cytogenetics. Mutated NPM1 (P = .0007) or FLT3-ITD (P < .02) had higher expression. FLI1 levels were negatively correlated with 10 of 195 proteins associated with proliferation and stromal interaction, and positively correlated (R > 0.3) with 19 others. The FLI1 level was not predictive of remission attainment, but patients with low or high FLI1 expression had shorter remission duration (22.6 and 40.3 vs 51.1 weeks, respectively; P = .01) and overall survival (45.2 and 35.4 vs 59.4 weeks, respectively; P = .03). High FLI1 levels were adverse in univariate and multivariate analysis. FLI1 expression is frequently abnormal and prognostically adverse in AML. FLI1 and/or its response genes may be therapeutically targetable to interfere with AML cell biology.