bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence of zooplankton speed and sampling depth on the sampling efficiency. Preliminary comparative data
Authors: Irimia-Hurdugan Oriana , Năzăreanu George 
Published: July 2011

The incidence of zooplankton speed and sampling depth on the sampling efficiency. Preliminary comparative data
The efficiency of the tubes, traps and nets is varying according to the type of the studied lake and the type of applied methodology. Thus, from one study to another, the obtained data can vary within certain limits for the same water body and season. The inherent variability led to some correlation studies between used methodologies in order to corroborate the results and render them comparable. The present study is referring to the comparative analysis of the efficiency of the tubes used for the sampling of the superficial layers in the stagnant water bodies. The Limnos and Green tubes have been compared to sampling tubes of different diameters. The water speed at the entrance in the tube is calculated and compared with the swimming speed of cladocerans (Simocephalus vetulus juveniles and adult individuals) and copepods (Cyclops sp. juveniles and adult individuals). It is demonstrated that the diameter of the tube used for sampling influences the sampling efficiency especially for the zooplankton species that are actively swimming in the water body. The present study sets the basis for a larger methodology study that, by integrating statistical analysis and hydrodynamics would establish an unified methodology for limnologists worldwide.
Altri pretoriani a Roma : nuove iscrizioni e vecchie domande
Authors: Panciera Silvio 
Published: July 2011

Si pubblicano, o si ripubblicano, 18 iscrizioni urbane riconducibili, in maniera certa o probabile, al corpo dei pretoriani e si considera l’apporto che esse danno su alcune questioni: 1) come individuare il corpo di appartenenza di coorti per le quali esso non è indicato; 2) l’eventuale applicazione dell’epiteto di Commodiana anche alle milizie urbane; 3) il progressivo ampliamento delle aree di reclutamento; 4) duplarii o duplicarii, centuriones exercitatores, uexillarii equitum
nelle coorti pretorie; 5) aspetti prosopografici della carriera centurionale; 6) la posizione sociale dei pretoriani: estrazione, relazioni, matrimonio; 7) il cristianesimo nel pretorio.
Les clauses « sans précédents » de la Lex de imperio Vespasiani. Une interprétation juridique
Authors: Mantovani Dario 
Published: July 2011

Dans la Lex de imperio Vespasiani, on remarque l’alternance entre des clauses qui, dans l’acte d’attribuer des pouvoirs à Vespasien, se reportent à des prérogatives identiques dont bénéficiaient les principes précédents (ch. I, II, V, VI; cf. VII) et des clauses qui, au contraire, ne parlent pas de prédécesseurs (ch. III, IV, VIII). L’étude propose une explication de ce phénomène. Il ne faut pas lire, dans l’absence ou la présence de précédents, l’histoire ou même la chronologie des prérogatives du princeps au cours du Ier siècle apr. J.-C. Il s’agit, au contraire d’une différence juridique, entre «actes» et «effets», entre l’attribution du pouvoir d’accomplir un acte (conforme aux précédents) et la légalisation des effets de l’acte. Les clauses qui mentionnent les
principes précédents attribuent des pouvoirs (de conclure des foedera, de senatum habere, de proferre pomerium, d’agere ex usu reipublicae) et renvoient aux mêmes pouvoirs possédés par les principes
précédents. Les trois clauses sans précédents ont pour but de régler au niveau législatif les effets des actes du princeps: dans les capita III et VIII, la Lex de imperio Vespasiani établit que ces actes sont valides comme s’ils étaient accomplis selon les lois; dans le caput IV, elle établit - selon l’interprétation qui semble préférable - que l’on déroge aux conditions requises pour l’électorat passif établies par les lois annales.
Prodigien aus Italien : geographische Verteilung und religiöse Kommunikation
Authors: Rosenberger Veit 
Published: July 2011

Die meisten Orte, in denen sich Prodigien ereigneten, gehörten seit der Mitte des 4. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. zum ager Romanus und befinden sich auf einem etwa 50 km breiten, von Nordwesten nach Südosten verlaufenden Streifen, der wenige Kilometer nördlich von Rom etwa bei Caere beginnt und auf der Höhe von Capua endet. Dabei zeigt sich, daß die Mehrzahl der Städte mit Prodigienmeldungen an den großen viae publicae liegt, vor allem an der via Appia
und an der via Latina. Rom kommunizierte durch Prodigien vor allem mit seinen Bürgern außerhalb der Stadt, nicht mit den Bundesgenossen. Daher ist die Bedeutung der Prodigienmeldungen aus den Städten Italiens vor dem Bundesgenossenkrieg als Gradmesser für die Loyalität zu Rom, wie von Bruce MacBain postuliert, zu revidieren.
Effects of TheraMax on Influenza Virus Infections in Cell Culture and in Mice
Authors: Smee Donald F , Hurst Brett L , Wong Min-Hui 
Published: July 2011

Background: Limited in vivo studies in the scientific literature suggest that components of green tea and elderberry may be beneficial in treating influenza virus infections. They are thought to act by blocking virus adsorption to cells. TheraMax® is a proprietary medication administered by nasal spray that contains both green tea and elderberry extracts that was evaluated for antiviral activity. Methods: TheraMax was tested by dilution in Madin–Darby canine kidney cell cultures in standard viral cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition and virucidal assays against eight influenza A and B strains. It was also administered intranasally to mice to determine protective activity compared to oral oseltamivir against an influenza A/NWS/33 (H1N1) infection. Results: In cell culture assays, TheraMax was found to inhibit viral CPE by 50% at a 1:20 dilution for seven of the eight virus strains, with no virucidal activity at 1:2 dilution. The undiluted product was administered to anaesthetized mice twice daily for 4 days starting 2 h before or 12 h after infection. Alternatively, TheraMax and virus were combined for treatment and infection. Oseltamivir was given orally twice daily for 5 days at 10 mg/kg/day starting at −2 h. TheraMax (combined directly with virus) and oseltamivir each prevented death and curtailed weight loss during the infection, and improved lung haemorrhage scores on day 6. TheraMax starting at −2 h or 12 h significantly delayed death by >2 days and reduced lung haemorrhage scores, but most animals died. Conclusions: These combined results indicate that TheraMax delayed symptoms during animal infections, likely through blocking of virus adsorption.
The Uncomplemented Subspace K(X,Y)
Authors: Ghenciu Ioana 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA vector measure result is used to study the complementation of the space K(X,Y) of compact operators in the spaces W(X,Y) of weakly compact operators, CC(X,Y) of completely continuous operators, and U(X,Y) of unconditionally converging operators. Results of Kalton and Emmanuele concerning the complementation of K(X,Y) in L(X,Y) and in W(X,Y) are generalized. The containment of c0 and ℓ∞ in spaces of operators is also studied.
Marcinkiewicz Commutators with Lipschitz Functions in Non-homogeneous Spaces
Authors: Zhou Jiang , Ma Bolin 
Published: July 2011

AbstractUnder the assumption that μ is a nondoubling measure, we study certain commutators generated by the Lipschitz function and the Marcinkiewicz integral whose kernel satisfies a Hörmander type condition. We establish the boundedness of these commutators on the Lebesgue spaces, Lipschitz spaces, and Hardy spaces. Our results are extensions of known theorems in the doubling case.
Practical method for measuring printed colors on FWA‐treated paper
Authors: Imura Kenji 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThe virtual fluorescent standard (VFS) method is a new approximation method for the practical measurement of the colorimetric properties of an object treated with fluorescent whitening agent (FWA). The essential requirement of the VFS method is that the bi‐spectral characteristics of the VFS must be similar in curve shape to those of the object to be measured. In the case of an object printed on an FWA‐treated substrate, the bi‐spectral characteristics will vary depending on not only the substrate but also the printed ink films. In this study, two simplified VFS methods, one using the bi‐spectral characteristics of the substrate and the other using those of typical paper as the VFS instead of those similar to each object, were evaluated. The evaluation was performed using two instrument models for the VFS method with the different illuminations with five sets of 13 samples printed in different colors by five different printer/paper combinations. In this evaluation, the total spectral radiance factor of each sample was obtained by simulated measurement, that is, it was calculated based on the bi‐spectral radiance factor of the sample and the spectral power distributions of the light source of the instrument. The total spectral radiance factor of each sample under D50 obtained using both VFS models and CIE L*a*b* values derived therefrom were compared with those by the reference model with ideal D50 illumination. Although the samples are limited, the results shows that both simplified VFS methods remarkably reduce the errors due to fluorescence when compared to the conventional method. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012
Palladium‐Catalysed Direct Monoarylation of Bithiophenyl Derivatives or Bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)methanone with Aryl Bromides
Authors: Si Larbi Karima , Djebbar Safia , Doucet Henri 
Published: July 2011

AbstractArylated bithiophenes, which are useful compounds due to their coordination and/or physical properties, can be easily prepared by palladium‐catalysed C–H bond activation of heteroaromatics followed by arylation using electron‐deficient aryl bromides. A variety of 5‐arylated 2,2′‐bithiophenyl derivatives have been prepared. Good yields were generally obtained by using the air‐stable [PdCl(dppb)(C3H5)] complex as catalyst. A range of functions on the aryl bromide, such as acetyl, formyl, ester, nitrile, trifluoromethyl, fluoro and hydroxyalkyl, are tolerated.
An Easy Route to Pure and Luminescent Eu‐Doped YVO4 Polycrystalline Films Based on Molecular or Hybrid Precursors
Authors: Deligne Nicolas , Lamme Julien , Devillers Michel 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAn easy “soft‐chemistry” method has been developed to prepare pure and luminescent Eu‐doped YVO4 films. The method is based on the spin‐coating of aqueous solutions of stoichiometrically well‐defined yttrium(III)– and/or dioxidovanadium(V)–edta complexes, sometimes in the presence of a cellulose derivative, namely (hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose. Films of the corresponding binary oxides, Y2O3 and V2O5, were also studied for comparative purposes. XRD, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the samples at different stages of their preparation. The spin‐coating rate as well as the presence of the cellulose derivative in the precursor solutions were found to influence greatly the homogeneity and morphology of the films. The preferential orientation of crystallites within some of the films was also evidenced.
Rating of Eating Disorder Severity Interview for Children: Psychometric Properties and Comparison with EDI‐2 Symptom Index
Authors: DeSocio Janiece E. , O'Toole Julie K. , He Hua , Crosby Ross , Koeller Paula , Baird Sarah A. , Lukach Megan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the psychometrics of the Rating of Eating Disorder Severity Interview for Children (REDS‐C) and compare it with the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 symptom index.MethodsThe psychometrics of the REDS‐C were analyzed utilizing data from 336 patients, of ages 8 to 18 years. Receiver operator curve analyses were performed to evaluate the ability of the REDS‐C and the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 symptom index to discriminate severity of eating disorder symptoms in relationship to an objective standard, defined as hospitalisation for medical stabilisation beyond 1 week.ResultsThree factors were identified using 14 of the 16 original REDS‐C items. Resulting subscales demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. The receiver operator curve results demonstrated the usefulness of the 14‐item version of the REDS‐C in predicting hospitalisation greater than 7 days as an indicator of symptom severity.DiscussionThe 14‐item REDS‐C is a reliable tool to assist clinicians in evaluating the severity of eating disorder symptoms in children and adolescents. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating Disorders, Normative Eating Self‐Efficacy and Body Image Self‐Efficacy: Women in Recovery Homes
Authors: Czarlinski Jennifer A. , Aase Darrin M. , Jason Leonard A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractAlthough eating disorders (EDs) and ED symptoms are common among individuals in recovery for substance abuse (SA), long‐term SA treatment programmes rarely address these problems. The present study examined the prevalence of EDs among women residing in Oxford Houses—low‐cost, self‐governed recovery homes for SA. Further, among women both with and without an ED diagnosis, the association between duration of Oxford House residency and eating‐related self‐efficacy scores was examined as an indicator of potential treatment effects on ED symptoms. During a telephone assessment, participants were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV‐TR Axis I Disorders and the Eating Disorder Recovery Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire. Results indicated that 12 of the 31 women analysed met criteria for an ED (bulimia nervosa, 2; ED not otherwise specified, 10). Differential findings were evident for eating‐related self‐efficacy measures depending on ED diagnostic status and duration of residency. Potential interpretations, limitations and implications are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A 1D Roe decomposition of a system of equations governing wave height transformation
Authors: Dodd Nicholas , MacHardy Laura C. 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYA Roe‐type decomposition for a system of equations governing onshore/offshore wave transformation in coastal waters is derived. The equation set approximated pertains to coastal waters prior to wave breaking, and is based on depth‐averaging and time‐averaging of the Euler equations. The equations are those used in many commercial codes for simulation of wave height and wave‐averaged currents. This novel approach uses a combination of some standard Roe averages, together with physical reasoning and power series expansions to derive a Roe‐averaged Jacobian (with real, linearly independent eigenvectors) and ensures conservation, and thereby effects the decomposition. It is shown that the resulting derived Roe‐averaged quantities are accurate to a high degree, by comparing them with their analytical equivalents for a wide range of nondimensional water depths and slopes likely to be encountered in coastal problems. Numerical tests of time‐invariant wave height transformation and wave group propagation are undertaken; these indicate good performance of the scheme in practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A NOTE ON INFORMALITY IN THE LABOUR MARKET
Authors: Khamis Melanie 
Published: July 2011

AbstractInformality in the labour market is far from clearly defined in the development literature. To understand the nature of informality in terms of the legalistic and the productivity view, this paper makes an empirical contribution to the debate.This paper provides a detailed analysis of the informality dimensions in the Mexican labour market, employing a rich labour market data set.A substantial overlap between the current social security coverage, contracts and individual's job history is found. Moreover, age, education, marital status and scores in the Raven's test, an ability measure, are significant determinants for the various forms of informality. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors and response to antiviral treatment in Thai patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 3a
Authors: Vejbaesya Sasijit , Nonnoi Yuwatida , Tanwandee Tawesak , Srinak Duangporn 
Published: July 2011

AbstractGenetic factors of the host have been shown to influence the outcome of treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIR) regulate natural killer (NK) cell activity by interaction with specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I. In this study, KIR gene polymorphisms and their HLA ligands were investigated in 110 Thai patients with chronic HCV genotype 3a. Seventy‐six patients were sustained virological responders and 34 patients were virological non‐responders. KIR typing and HLA‐C typing were performed using PCR‐SSP (polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primer). The frequency of HLA‐C1C2 was significantly higher in sustained responders than in non‐responders (P = 0.04). However, the frequencies of KIR2DL2/2DL3 genotype and KIR2DL2/2DL3‐HLA‐C1C1 genotype were significantly higher in non‐responders than in sustained responders (P = 0.02, 0.004, respectively). In summary, this study showed the association of KIR genes and ligands with the outcome of antiviral treatment in chronic hepatic C virus genotype 3a infection. J. Med. Virol. 83:1733–1737, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity enhancement for maximally resolved two‐dimensional NMR by nonuniform sampling
Authors: Rovnyak David , Sarcone Mark , Jiang Ze 
Published: July 2011

AbstractResolving NMR signals which are separated in frequency on the order of their line widths requires obtaining the time domain free induction decay for a maximum time tmax = πT2, where T2 is the transverse relaxation time of the given signals. Unfortunately, samples acquired beyond ∼1.26T2 contribute more noise than signal to the data; and samples in the range of about (0.75–1.26)× T2 have a negligible effect on the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, one must sacrifice SNR to reach evolution times of πT2. One can preserve resolution in a shorter total experimental time by selecting a reduced set of samples from the Nyquist grid according to an exponential probability density which is on the order of the T2 of the signals. This practice is widely termed nonuniform sampling (NUS). We derive analytic theory for the enhancement of the intrinsic SNR of NUS time domain data compared with uniformly sampled data when the total experimental times are equivalent. This theory is general for any tmax and exponential weighting and is further carefully validated with simulations. Enhancements of SNR in the time domain on the order of twofold are routinely available when tmax ∼ πT2 and are reflected in the subsequent maximum entropy reconstructed spectra. SNR enhancement by NUS is demonstrated to be helpful in enabling the acquisition of HMQC spectra of dilute bile salts in which high resolution in the indirect carbon dimension is required. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical advances in hemophilia management
Authors: Sharathkumar Anjali A. , Carcao Manuel 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHemophilia is an excellent example in medicine where clinical translation of basic science discoveries has transformed the gloomy outlook of the disease. This review provides an overview of clinical advances in hemophilia management with a specific focus on the molecular heterogeneity of the disease and progress in management of patients with inhibitors. Novel therapeutics and the emerging ethical issues in the field of hemophilia are also discussed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 910–920. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐quality pagination for publishing
Authors: Ciancarini Paolo , Iorio Angelo Di , Furini Luca , Vitali Fabio 
Published: July 2011

SUMMARYThe problem of line breaking consists of finding the best way to split paragraphs into lines. It has been cleverly addressed by the total‐fit algorithm exposed by Knuth and Plass in a well‐known paper. Similarly, page‐breaking algorithms break the content flow of a document into page units. Formatting languages—such as the World Wide Web Consortium standard Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects (XSL‐FO)—allow users to set which content should be kept in the same page and how many isolated lines are acceptable at the beginning/end of each page. The strategies most formatters adopt to meet these requirements, however, are not satisfactory for many publishing contexts as they very often generate unpleasant empty areas. In that case, typographers are required to manually craft the results in order to completely fill pages. This paper presents a page‐breaking algorithm that extends the original Knuth and Plass line‐breaking approach and produces high‐quality documents without unwanted empty areas. The basic idea consists of delaying the definitive choice of breaks in the line‐breaking process in order to provide a larger set of alternatives to the actual pagination step. The algorithm also allows users to decide the set of properties to be adjusted for pagination and their variation ranges. An application of the algorithm to XSL‐FO is also presented, with an extension of the language that allows users to drive the pagination process. The tool, named FOP+, is a customized version of the open‐source Apache Formatting Objects Processor formatter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements Validating the Confocal Scanning Laser Holography Microscope
Authors: Jacquemin Peter B. , Herring Rodney A. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractA confocal scanning laser holography (CSLH) microscope that uniquely combines the concepts of confocal microscopy with holography has been validated for making nonintrusive, full three-dimensional (3D) intensity and phase measurements of objects from a single viewpoint of observation without loss of object information. The phase measurements have been used to determine the 3D refractive indices of a point source heated silicone oil. The refractive indices are converted to 3D temperature measurements, which are useful for heat transfer studies. An important feature of CSLH is its nonintrusive 3D scanning method, which enables its application to the study of Marangoni convection in microgravity with minimal operational vibrations affecting the motion of fluid in the specimen.
Properties of Fuels from Wood Sources
Authors: Speight James G. 
Published: July 2011

Wood is a very general term to describe a wide assortment of untreated resources that can be processed in addition to being used for energy production. Wood, the oldest fuel to be used by humans, can be used to produce a variety of products. For example, wood energy products include gaseous fuels, liquid fuels, and pellets as well as briquettes, which can meet fuel demands.
The properties of products from wood are dictated by the makeup of the wood. Furthermore, the physical and mechanical characteristics of wood that are controlled by specific anatomy, moisture content, and to a lesser extent, mineral matter content, and the amount of wood that is extractable by solvents. The properties are also influenced by wood's directional nature, which results in markedly different properties in the longitudinal, tangential, and radial directions or axes. Wood properties within a species vary greatly from tree to tree and within a single axis (Bergman et al., 2010).