bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why and when democracies ban political parties: a classification of democratic state orientations to party bans
Authors: Bernatskyi Bohdan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDefending democracy requires undemocratic steps; one of the most radical is the prohibition of political parties. The functioning of political parties is fundamental to healthy and pluralistic democracies. Thus, their exclusion from the political process raises a severe dilemma for a democratic society, which has to address sufficiently why and when a political competitor can legitimately be kicked out of the political arena. The latter is crucially important because of the rise of far-right parties and attempts by authoritarians to infiltrate the domestic political competition of democratic countries. The approaches of various national courts in cases concerning the prohibition of political parties are far from uniform. Experiences in Spain, Ukraine, the UK and, eventually, Germany demonstrate significant contrasts regarding the political theory and legal rationale for prohibition. While democracy is a universal value for a pan-European context, the courts set different limits of democratic tolerance for guarding it. The paper offers a new paradigm that explains why and when democracies ban political parties. The classification of democratic state orientation to party bans consists of liberal, institutional and militant models, which illustrate different concepts around finding the balance between personal rights on the one hand and the interests of a democratic society on the other.
Formation of the oxyl’s potential energy surface by the spectral kinetics of a vibrational mode
Authors: Stewart James , Zayka Paul , Courter Christen , Cuk Tanja 
Published: April 2024

One of the most reactive intermediates for oxidative reactions is the oxyl radical, an electron-deficient oxygen atom. The discovery of a new vibration upon photoexcitation of the oxygen evolution catalysis detected the oxyl radical at the SrTiO3 surface. The vibration was assigned to a motion of the sub-surface oxygen underneath the titanium oxyl (Ti–O●−) created upon hole transfer to (or electron extraction from) a hydroxylated surface site. Evidence for such an interfacial mode is derived from its spectral shape, which exhibited a Fano resonance—a coupling of a sharp normal mode to continuum excitations. Here, this Fano resonance is utilized to derive precise formation kinetics of the oxyl radical and its associated potential energy surface (PES). From the Fano lineshape, the formation kinetics are obtained from the anti-resonance (the kinetics of the coupling factor), the resonance (the kinetics of the coupled continuum excitations), and the frequency integrated spectrum (the kinetics of the normal mode’s cross-section). All three perspectives yield logistic function growth with a half-rise of 2.3 ± 0.3 ps and a time constant of 0.48 ± 0.09 ps. A non-equilibrium transient associated with photoexcitation is separated from the rise of the equilibrated PES. The logistic function characterizes the oxyl coverage at the very initial stages (t ∼ 0) to have an exponential growth rate that quickly decreases toward zero as a limiting coverage is reached. Such time-dependent reaction kinetics identify a dynamic activation barrier associated with the formation of a PES and quantify it for oxyl radical coverage.
Frames and semantic roles in metaphorical mappings
Authors: Navarro i Ferrando Ignasi , Esbrí-Blasco Montserrat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Conceptual Metaphor Theory describes metaphorical mappings as correspondences between domains. Nevertheless, the interrelations of the mapped elements still need to be characterised. This study analyses metaphorical mappings from one situational frame in the cooking domain in American English and Peninsular Spanish. The aims are to elucidate to what extent each language primes particular semantic roles in the boiling frame for metaphorisation and explore the possible cultural implications of these cross-linguistic differences. The qualitative analysis reveals the contrastive relevance of semantic roles in frame mappings. In addition, the frequencies of boil and hervir metaphorical senses determine the degree of entrenchment and salience of metaphors cross-linguistically. The results suggest that the English boiling frame has a considerably broader scope as a source than the Spanish hervir frame. Additionally, the paper contrasts the relative saliency of the semantic roles mapped in those metaphors shared by both languages. Finally, cultural implications are discussed.
Raising the bar
Authors: Ramonda Kris 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Empirical testing is a challenging aspect of L2 classroom-based research, especially when exploring the
multifaceted nature of figurative language, such as metaphorical idioms. Typically, studies in applied linguistics involve
language learners from convenience samples of intact classes. This approach can pose problems as these classes represent
non-random, often small, samples of participants. Despite these challenges, appropriate precautions and considerations, such as
addressing overlooked idiom-inherent variables, contemplating counterbalancing, managing time-on-task, and making well-informed
treatment and data collection design choices can minimize confounding variables and enhance a study’s design and resultant
validity. The author of this article offers a reflective commentary based on a previous study (Ramonda, 2022) to expound on these considerations and provide modest proposals for improving future study quality in
this domain.
Associated motion, associated posture and imperfective aspect in Tacana (Amazonian Bolivia)
Authors: Guillaume Antoine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper is the first detailed description of the exceptionally rich subsystem of verbal inflections that
express imperfective aspect in Tacana, an endangered and underdescribed language from the Takanan family. The unusually high
degree of elaboration of this system, which includes nine members in paradigmatic opposition, is achieved by co-expressing
imperfective aspect with spatial meanings taken from two distinct categories: associated motion (with five values: ‘going’,
‘coming’, ‘going back’, ‘coming back’, ‘wandering’) and what I will call “associated posture” (with three values: ‘standing’,
‘lying/bending’, ‘hanging’). The ninth member is a default imperfective marker that does not carry any spatial meaning. The paper
challenges linguistic theories that consider grammatical(izable) concepts as belonging to a strictly limited range of notional
domains from which motion and posture are excluded. Additionally, the paper provides strong support for a new comparative concept
of “associated posture” in linguistics.
Quick recipes for gravitational-wave selection effects
Authors: Gerosa Davide , Bellotti Malvina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Accurate modeling of selection effects is a key ingredient to the success of gravitational-wave astronomy. The detection probability plays a crucial role in both statistical population studies, where it enters the hierarchical Bayesian likelihood, and astrophysical modeling, where it is used to convert predictions from population-synthesis codes into observable distributions. We review the most commonly used approximations, extend them, and present some recipes for a straightforward implementation. These include a closed-form expression capturing both multiple detectors and noise realizations written in terms of the so-called Marcum Q-function and a ready-to-use mapping between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) thresholds and false-alarm rates from state-of-the-art detection pipelines. The bias introduced by approximating the matched filter SNR with the optimal SNR is not symmetric: sources that are nominally below threshold are more likely to be detected than sources above threshold are to be missed. Using both analytical considerations and software injections in detection pipelines, we confirm that including noise realizations when estimating the selection function introduces an average variation of a few %. This effect is most relevant for large catalogs and specific subpopulations of sources at the edge of detectability (e.g. high redshifts).
Point-charge models and averages for electromagnetic quantities considered in two relativistic inertial frames
Authors: Boyer Timothy H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Electromagnetic quantities at a spacetime point have tensor Lorentz transformations between relatively-moving inertial frames. However, since the Lorentz transformation of time between inertial frames depends upon both the time and space coordinates, averages of electrodynamic quantities at a single time will in general depend upon the inertial frame, and will differ between inertial frames. Here we illustrate how the use of continuous charge and current distributions rather than point-charge distributions can lead to physically mystifying and even inaccurate results for electromagnetic quantities and physical phenomena. The discrepancy noted between the average electric field values in different inertial frames is particularly striking because it is first order in the relatative velocity between the frames.
On the Sagnac effect and the consistency of relativity theory
Authors: Lambare Justo Pastor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Sagnac effect is an interferometric phenomenon produced by rotation. It has a rich history and presently has numerous technological applications. Despite some persistent claims to the contrary, we explain why the Sagnac effect does not prove relativity either incorrect or inconsistent. Analyzing such misunderstandings has didactic value because it allows us to review some subtle relativity concepts. It also reveals the importance of basing scientific reasoning on rigorous logical thinking to avoid confusion derived from prejudices based on our limited everyday human experience.
Quantitative estimation of ·OH-radical density from fluorescence decay behavior near the plasma-liquid interface by incident microscopic LIF spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Qi , Qiao Jun-Jie , Sun Fu-Li , Wang Li-Cheng , Xiong Qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The formation and transportation of short-lived species on/within the plasma-liquid interfacial layer plays a crucial role in various applications because of their high chemical reactivity. However, the experimental detection and quantification of these short-lived species, such as ˙OH radicals, at the gas–liquid interface still pose formidable challenges. This study confronts this challenge by employing incident microscopic laser-induced fluorescence (mLIF) method to capture the OH-LIF signals on the interfacial layer at different time moments of the post-discharge phase under high spatial resolution. The temporal evolution of ˙OH density is subsequently quantified by fitting the OH-LIF decay behavior to a reaction-dissolution model. Results reveal that increasing the pulse width serves better to enhance ˙OH generation on liquid surface, reaching a density of 1.25 × 1016 cm−3. Furthermore, the cathode-solution interface demonstrates significantly enhanced ˙OH production compared to the anode-solution interface. These results underscore the efficacy of incident mLIF in quantitatively probing short-lived ˙OH-radical production at the interfacial layer in pulsed-driven plasma-solution interactions, with potential applicability to other reactive species.
First-principles study of ferroelectricity in two-dimensional quin-layer M2CT2 MXenes
Authors: Zeng Yu-Jie , Zhao Jin-Zhu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, the ferroelectricity of a group of quin-layer M2CT2 monolayer MXenes compounds is investigated from first principles. The polar H phase of Sc2CS2, Sc2CSe2, Y2CS2, and Y2CSe2 are predicted by our results which show the co-existence of out-of-plane (OOP) and in-plane (IP) electric polarizations. We clarified that the spontaneous OOP polarization in the H phase originated from the high-order coupling with IP polarization. The competition between the FE and anti-ferroelectric state of studied H phase monolayer M2CT2 MXenes is investigated as well. Compared with previously reported Mixed-phase for M2CT2 MXenes, the H phase presents strong coupling between OOP polarizations and external electric field making them more feasible for manipulating in practical applications.
Propagation of nanosecond discharge in an air gap containing a water droplet: modelling and comparison with time-resolved images
Authors: Ouali Anthony , Sebih Lyes , Herrmann Antoine , Valensi Flavien , Hamdan Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The plasma-water interface is a complex medium characterized by interesting physical and chemical phenomena useful for many applications such as water processing or material synthesis. In this context, optimizing the transport of reactive species from plasma to water is crucial, and it may be achieved by increasing the surface-to-volume ratio of the processed object. Herein, we study the characteristics of a streamer produced by nanosecond discharge in air gap with a droplet of deionized water. The discharge is characterized experimentally by electrical measurements as well as by 1 ns-intergated ICCD images. To report plasma properties that are not accessible through experiment, such as the spatio-temporal evolution of electron density, electric field, and space charge density, a 2D fluid model is developed and adapted to the experimental geometry. Due to the fast propagation of the ionization front, the droplet is considered as a solid dielectric. The model solves Poisson’s equation as well as the drift-diffusion equation for electrons, positive ions, and negative ions. The utilized transport coefficients are tabulated as a function of the reduced electric field. Helmholtz equations are also included in the model to account for photoionization. The electron impact ionization source obtained from the model is compared to experimental 1 ns-integrated ICCD images, and a good agreement is observed. Finally, the model is used to investigate the influence of droplet dielectric permittivity and wetting angle (the angle between a liquid surface and a solid surface) on the properties of the discharge. Overall, the data reported herein demonstrate that the model can be used to investigate plasma properties under different conditions.
V2O5 nanoflakes for broad-spectral-response self-powered photodetectors with a high on/off ratio and high detectivity
Authors: Şakar Betül Ceviz , Yıldırım Fatma , Aydoğan Şakir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, V2O5 nanoflakes (NFs) was coated on Si substrate by DC sputtering to obtain V2O5 NFs/n-Si heterojunction. To utilize V2O5 NFs as a broadband photodetector, absorbance spectra were studied using UV−Vis−near-IR spectroscopy. Cut-off wavelength was 530 nm. Furthermore, energy dispersive x-ray, x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope analyses of V2O5 NFs were achieved. The V2O5 NFs/n-Si device gave a very high rectifying ratio of 1.18 × 104 in the dark and at zero bias, it has self-powered mode and an on/off ratio of 1.29 × 106. Optical analyses of the V2O5 NFs/n-Si heterojunction device were studied in detail under UV (365, 395 nm) and IR (850 nm) illumination as well as visible light with varying light intensities. Analysis of experimental studies showed that the device has a high photoresponse under all illuminations. For optical analysis based on I–V measurements, responsivity, detectivity, on/off ratio, external quantum efficiency (EQE), normalized photocurrent-dark-current ratio and noise-equivalent power (NEP) analyses were achieved. The maximum values of responsivity from measurements under visible, UV (395 nm) and IR illumination (850 nm) were 104, 882 and 850 mA W−1 for −2.0 V, respectively. Detectivity values are maximized at V = 0 V and are 6.84 × 1011, 7.87 × 1012 and 6.87 × 1012Jones for the same illuminations respectively. With increasing intensity, the rectification ratio and NEP decreased while the other parameters generally increased. The increase in performance at increasing visible intensity was attributed to the increase in photogenerated carrier density at high intensities, and the high performance in the UV region was attributed to the high light absorption of V2O5 NFs in the UV region.
Unexpected thermal transport properties of MgSiO3 monolayer at extreme conditions
Authors: Zuo Jingning , Bi Jie , He Shi , Jin Wenyuan , Yu Xin , He Kaihua , Dai Wei , Lu Cheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The thermal transport properties of mantle minerals are of paramount importance to understand the thermal evolution processes of the Earth. Here, we perform extensively structural searches of two-dimensional MgSiO3 monolayer by CALYPSO method and first-principles calculations. A stable MgSiO3 monolayer with Pmm2 symmetry is uncovered, which possesses a wide indirect band gap of 4.39 eV. The calculations indicate the lattice thermal conductivities of MgSiO3 monolayer are 49.86 W (mK)−1 and 9.09 W (mK)−1 in x and y directions at room temperature. Our findings suggest that MgSiO3 monolayer is an excellent low-dimensional thermoelectric material with high ZT value of 4.58 from n-type doping in the y direction at 2000 K. The unexpected anisotropic thermal transport of MgSiO3 monolayer is due to the puckered crystal structure and the asymmetric phonon dispersion as well as the distinct electron states around the Fermi level. These results offer a detailed description of structural and thermal transport properties of MgSiO3 monolayer at extreme conditions.
Quantum critical fluctuations in a transverse-field Ising magnet
Authors: Hauspurg A , Matsuura K , Arima Taka-hisa , Zherlitsyn S , Wosnitza J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
CoNb2O6 is a model system for a spin-1/2 one-dimensional (1D) transverse-field Ising magnet (TFIM) with a rather low three-dimensional (3D) Néel ordering temperature at

T
N

=
2.95

K. We studied CoNb2O6 using ultrasound measurements down to 0.3 K in transverse magnetic fields applied along the b direction. Upon entering the 3D ordered state, we observe pronounced anomalies in the transverse acoustic mode c
66. In particular, from 1.3 to 1.5 K and around 4.7 T, this mode reveals an almost diverging softening, which is considerably reduced at lower and higher magnetic fields. We interpret this as an influence of quantum critical fluctuations emerging from the quantum critical point (QCP) of the 1D Ising spin chains at about 4.75 T, which lies below the QCP of the 3D ordering at about 5.4 T. This is clear experimental evidence of the predicted generic phase diagram for a TFIM with superimposed 3D ordering.
Insights into the writing process of the mask-free nanoprinting fluid force microscopy technology
Authors: Soter Marcus , Apte Gurunath , Madkatte Dikshita , Nguyen Thi-Huong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Platelets are activated immediately when contacting with non-physiological surfaces. Minimization of surface-induced platelet activation is important not only for platelet storage but also for other blood-contacting devices and implants. Chemical surface modification tunes the response of cells to contacting surfaces, but it requires a long process involving many regulatory challenges to transfer into a marketable product. Biophysical modification overcomes these limitations by modifying only the surface topography of already approved materials. The available large and random structures on platelet storage bags do not cause a significant impact on platelets because of their smallest size (only 1–3 μm) compared to other cells. We have recently demonstrated the feasibility of the mask-free nanoprint fluid force microscope (FluidFM) technology for writing dot-grid and hexanol structures. Here, we demonstrated that the technique allows the fabrication of nanostructures of varying features including grid, circle, triangle, and Pacman-like structures. Characteristics of nanostructures including height, width, and cross-line were analyzed and compared using atomic force microscopy imaging. Based on the results, we identified several technical issues, such as the printing direction and shape of structures that directly altered nanofeatures during printing. Importantly, both geometry and interspace governed the degree of platelet adhesion, especially, the structures with triangular shapes and small interspaces prevent platelet adhesion better than others. We confirmed that FluidFM is a powerful technique to precisely fabricate a variety of desired nanostructures for the development of platelet/blood-contacting devices if technical issues during printing are well controlled.
Research on load monitoring technology of mine hoist based on machine vision
Authors: Tian Zuzhi , Wang Zezheng , Guo Yangyang , Chen Huijun , Zhu Minjian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A hoist load monitoring method based on machine vision technology is proposed in this paper to address the frequent overloading accidents of mine hoists and the low safety and reliability of existing contact load monitoring technologies. The depth image of the skip undergoes time domain and spatial bilateral filtering algorithms for noise reduction, followed by conditional filtering and downsampling algorithms to remove redundant point cloud data. Point cloud recognition, extraction, segmentation, and alignment algorithms are then applied to quickly generate a skip point cloud model. A surface reconstruction optimization process combining greedy projection triangulation algorithm and void repair algorithm is proposed to obtain a smooth and complete sealing of the skip. The closed surface model volume is calculated using VTK volume function. Based on single-rope winding hoist, a load visual monitoring system is constructed for relevant experimental research. Results show that this method can accurately measure the loaded coal volume with a relative error range of 0.05%–4.13%, meeting practical application requirements while providing an effective way for non-contact accurate measurement of hoist loads in mines.
Three 1-bit speckle-embedded pulse-width modulation patterns for robust absolute 3D measurement
Authors: Zheng Yanjun , Li Xiao , Zuo Chenglin , Gao Zhisheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement techniques using structured light, 1-bit pulse-width modulation (PWM) patterns and 1-bit speckle patterns can be projected at high speed. However, when combining PWM and speckle patterns to integrate their advantages, the decoupling problem is insurmountable. In this work, a novel 1-bit speckle-embedded PWM (SPPWM) method was proposed to achieve absolute 3D shape measurement using only three binary patterns. Our method consists of three main steps: First, a sinusoidal pattern reconstruction network was proposed to eliminate the high-order harmonics and speckle patterns in the SPPWM patterns and obtain high-quality sinusoidal patterns. Second, a multi-temporal spatial correlation matching algorithm was proposed to obtain a coarse disparity map from the three SPPWM patterns. Third, the high-accuracy wrapped phase map is used as an additional constraint for refining the coarse disparity map to obtain the final high-accuracy disparity map for absolute 3D measurement without phase unwrapping. Our method combines the advantages of fringe projection profilometry techniques for high-precision wrapped phase retrieval and speckle correlation matching algorithms for robust and unambiguous disparity map calculation. The experimental results demonstrated that our method could realize high-precision absolute 3D shape measurement with an accuracy of 0.057 mm using only three 1-bit SPPWM patterns. Furthermore, different simulation noises were used to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method.