bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances on the Analysis of Critical Failure Modes of Subsea Umbilicals - Excessive Crush Loading
Authors: Batrony Mimi , Doak Ross , Bordner Anna 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The amount of crush load that steel tube umbilicals can sustain frominstallation tensioners can significantly influence the cost of deployment, particularly in deepwater developments.
As installation vessel selection has to be made, in most cases, well beforephysical testing of umbilical samples, umbilical installation crush limits canbe assessed by engineering analytical methods. It is, therefore, important thatthese crush load limits are defined realistically and derived using verifiablyaccurate methods. This requires fundamental understanding of the failure modesof components inside an umbilical subject to crush loading and analysis toolswhich are calibrated against actual test data.
This paper presents a preliminary study comparing experimental results withUFlex simulations on a sample steel tube umbilical under crush loading. Conclusions are drawn on the influence of test sample length on experimentalresults, and the direction of future work is outlined.

Background
Developing deepwater oil and gas fields brings fresh challenges, particularlywhen installing infrastructure such as subsea umbilicals and other flexiblelines. With the water depth at some well locations now surpassing 3000 m, theweight of suspended umbilical length that must be handled during installationoperations can be substantial.
The conventional means of gripping an umbilical during deployment is by way oftensioner systems that control payout and hold the suspended weight of theumbilical. Typically tensioners feature two or more opposed caterpillar tracks, each fitted with a row of v-shaped pads that come together to grip the outerjacket of the umbilical. The frictional force required to react against thetension resulting from the mass of suspended umbilical is directly proportionalto the level of crush force applied radially to the umbilical by these v-shapedpads. Therefore, it is of interest to both manufacturers and installers todetermine the maximum allowable crushing load that can be applied to anumbilical without damaging the internal components.
Published studies have focused primarily on modeling the umbilical crushloading using FEA methods. Dieumegard and Fellows (2003) describe the designand installation of a deepwater metallic tube umbilical and give reference tothe correlation of crush test results with FEA software. Dixon and Jackson(2003) also consider the FEA modeling of a flexible riser for deepwater use, modeling installation crush through use of the 3D non-linear finite elementsoftware tool, ABAQUS Explicit.
The aim of this work was to study the mechanism governing steel tube failureunder crush, initially through small scale testing of individual samples, followed by further testing within a cabled umbilical. These experimentalresults are then compared against linear and non-linear FEA models generatedusing UFlex.
3D Reservoir Modeling of Depressurization-Induced Gas Production from Gas Hydrate Reservoirs at the Walker Ridge Site, Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Gaddipati Manohar , Anderson Brian James 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
In 2009, the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Gas Hydrates Joint-Industry-Project (JIP) LegII drilling program confirmed that gas hydrate occurs at high saturationswithin reservoir-quality sands in the GOM. A comprehensivelogging-while-drilling dataset was collected from seven wells at three sites, including two wells (" G" and " H") at the Walker Ridge (WR) 313 site. The gashydrate saturations inferred from seismic inversion analyses were used todelineate the areal extent of the reservoir models. A complex, dipping 3-Dreservoir model was created and subsequently simulated for the Orange and Bluehydrate-bearing sands in the Walker Ridge 313 block by depressurization at aconstant bottom-hole pressure. The 3D modeling potentially provides morerepresentative results when a reservoir description contains a high degree ofvariability in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions. A full Monte Carloanalysis of the WR 313 G well is also presented in this paper. All thesimulations were performed in CMG STARS.
Results of these simulations indicate that these hydrate deposits could beproduced due to the high intrinsic reservoir quality and their proximity to thebase of hydrate stability. One of the major challenges faced in the simulatedgas production scenarios was secondary hydrate formation near the wellbore. Toreduce hydrate reformation and maintain high gas production rates, a scenariothat included 50 kW of electric well bore heating was modeled to prevent thehydrate barrier near the wellbore from forming. The elevated in situ reservoirtemperatures (14°C-25°C) in the Walker Ridge hydrate deposit contributed to thehigh (5-65 MMscf/day) predicted production rates. Uncertainty assessment of gasproduction was performed for Walker Ridge 313 G Well. The obtained simulationresults show that production rates are significantly decreased when simulatinga case using impermeable boundaries. The results indicate that heterogeneous, interbedded hydrate systems with thin multi-layer hydrate-bearing sands mightbe better candidates for production than massive hydrate-bearingreservoirs.
A Linear Rock Cutting Test Set-Up for 3 Dimensional Tests under Hyperbaric Pressure
Authors: Alvarez-Grima Mario , Boomsma Wiebe , Hofstra Frits , Lotman Rick 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The submerged mechanical excavation of rock is required for dredging or miningpurposes and it is usually performed with pick points or cutting teeth. Although the mechanical cutting process is quite well understood on land, in adry situation, questions remain regarding saturated cutting in a shallow watersubmerged application.
Even more unanswered questions remain in a deepsea situation where the processis subjected to the hyperbaric effect, influencing the cutting processstrongly.
Especially for deepsea, the required cutting forces and power will have to bedecreased, in order to realize a technical and economical feasible excavationprocess. Firstly the hyperbaric cutting process must be fully understood andsecondly concepts to decrease the forces and power must be evaluated. Althoughcomputer simulations with Discrete Element Modeling (DEM) have been validatedby experiments and proved to be very helpful in understanding hyperbariccutting, some questions can only be answered by performing physical tests. Therefore IHC Merwede has developed a test set-up.
This test set-up can drive chisels or picks in a linear motion through a blockof rock. During the process, the cutting forces will be measured in all threedirections. Although, linear cutting test set-ups exist in the world, theseset-ups mainly focus on determining the horizontal cutting force. However, especially the vertical forces require attention, because these forces must betransferred by relatively light equipment. We use the test set-up toinvestigate current cutting concepts, and to evaluate new cutting concepts. Inthe future, we will use this setup to evaluate the cutting process as part ofthe design process for specific client driven mining applications: specificrock samples under specific environment conditions (pressure, temperature, water composition etc.).
This paper describes the technical details, capabilities and limitations of thetest set-up.
Teamwork and Leadership in Challenging Times
Authors: Henson Jonathan 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Back in the fall of 2010, a colleague who manages our reporting systemdatabase, Synergi, asked an interesting question: Do you have any ‘feeling’ onsomething has improved or is going to the wrong direction, in terms of HSEevents during day to day operations for the last 12 months or half ayear?
I will tell you how I answered this great question but first a littlebackground. I am the Health, Safety and Environment Director at Maersk DrillingUSA. Many of you may have seen trucks on the highway with Maersk containers onthe trailer. Maersk Drilling is part of the AP Moller-Maersk Groupheadquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark. We operate one drilling rig in the Gulfof Mexico, the Maersk Developer. This is Maersk Drilling's first venture in theGulf of Mexico and commenced drilling in September 2009 for our client:Statoil. From September 2009 to April 2010, we drilled for Statoil. ThenMacondo happened. We continued with the well until completion or June 2010 aspermitted by the NTL.
As you all know, the government imposed a Moratorium on drilling in the Gulf inMay, 2009. From June, when we finished our first well, to March 2011, we didnot drill.
Imagine telling Nick Saben, Head Coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide the 2012season was cancelled in the middle of the season. Or worse, telling Coach Sabenthe season was suspended by the government immediately after the firstLSU-Alabama game in November. Look at the effect the NFL and NBA lockouts hadon its players and fans. Imagine if the lockout happened in the middle of theNFL season. That was the effect that the Moratorium had on Maersk Drilling andfellow drilling contractors.
In the book " Incidents That Define Process Safety" by John Atherton andFrederic Gil, there are 13 chapters that cover incidents from around the worldranging from the Boeing 747 crash in Tenerife on March 1977 to the Exxon Valdezgrounding on Bligh Reef in 1989. The book examines common factors in theincidents provided with process safety.
The Activities and Guidelines of the Well Life Cycle Practices Forum
Authors: Tucker Theodora 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Well Life Cycle Practices Forum (WLCPF) was formed following the UKresponse to the Macondo tragedy in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010. Inresponse to Macondo, Oil & Gas UK brought together representatives ofoperators, drilling contractors, regulators and trade unions to form the OilSpill Prevention and Response Advisory Group (OSPRAG). In addition todeveloping and building an emergency capping device, assessing and improvingoil spill response capability, and reviewing indemnity and insuranceliabilities, OSPRAG also carried out a review of the UK industry's approach tovarious aspects of well control. OSPRAG published a series of recommendationsin October 2010 which led to the creation of the WLCPF under Oil & Gas UKto help the UK upstream industry implement the recommendations. The WLCPF alsoserves as a forum to discuss pan-industry well-related issues and to interfacewith the UK regulators.

Results, Observations, and Conclusions
The WLCPF has published a series of guidelines to help UK operators comply moreeffectively with regulations and to improve the UK industry's understanding ofwell integrity issues. Six workgroups, with input from over 60 companies andorganisations, have produced guidelines on:BOP issues;relief well planningrequirements;well integrity throughout the well life cycle;competency;behaviours and human factors;well examination and verification.

Significance of Subject Matter
The UK upstream industry has confidence that the UK regulatory environmentdrives the right behaviours to prevent a major well-control incident. Nevertheless, there are areas in which there is scope for improvement. Theguidelines produced by WLCPF, and the WLCPF model itself, could be used byother oil and gas producing provinces to reduce risks in well operations.
Beyond HLA-A*0201: New HLA-Transgenic Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Models of Type 1 Diabetes Identify the Insulin C-Peptide as a Rich Source of CD8+ T Cell Epitopes
Authors: Antal Zoltan , Baker Jason C. , Smith Carla , Jarchum Irene , Babad Jeffrey , Mukherjee Gayatri , Yang Yang , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Santamaria Pere , DiLorenzo Teresa P. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by T cell responses to β cell Ags, including insulin. Investigations employing the NOD mouse model of the disease have revealed an essential role for β cell-specific CD8+ T cells in the pathogenic process. As CD8+ T cells specific for β cell Ags are also present in patients, these reactivities have the potential to serve as therapeutic targets or markers for autoimmune activity. NOD mice transgenic for human class I MHC molecules have previously been employed to identify T cell epitopes having important relevance to the human disease. However, most studies have focused exclusively on HLA-A*0201. To broaden the reach of epitope-based monitoring and therapeutic strategies, we have looked beyond this allele and developed NOD mice expressing human β2-microglobulin and HLA-A*1101 or HLA-B*0702, which are representative members of the A3 and B7 HLA supertypes, respectively. We have used islet-infiltrating T cells spontaneously arising in these strains to identify β cell peptides recognized in the context of the transgenic HLA molecules. This work has identified the insulin C-peptide as an abundant source of CD8+ T cell epitopes. Responses to these epitopes should be of considerable utility for immune monitoring, as they cannot reflect an immune reaction to exogenously administered insulin, which lacks the C-peptide. Because the peptides bound by one supertype member were found to bind certain other members also, the epitopes identified in this study have the potential to result in therapeutic and monitoring tools applicable to large numbers of patients and at-risk individuals.
A High-Order Difference Scheme for the Generalized Cattaneo Equation
Authors: Vong Seak-Weng , Pang Hong-Kui , Jin Xiao-Qing 
Published: April 2012

AbstractA high-order finite difference scheme for the fractional Cattaneo equation is investigated. The L1 approximation is invoked for the time fractional part, and a compact difference scheme is applied to approximate the second-order space derivative. The stability and convergence rate are discussed in the maximum norm by the energy method. Numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed difference scheme.
Endometrioma Cyst: To Remove or Not?
Authors: Kumar Pratap , Balasubramanian Anand 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTEndometriomas account for 35% of benign ovarian cyst. Convincing evidence has emerged showing the reduced responsiveness to gonadotropins after ovarian cystectomy. Surgery should be envisaged only in the presence of large cyst or with severe symptoms. For endometriomas less than 3 cm cyst, aggressive removal of same may lead to a poor response during ovulation inductions.How to cite this articleKumar P, Balasubramanian A. Endometrioma Cyst: To Remove or Not? Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2012;3(1):26-29.
Benchmarking Individual Publication Productivity in Logistics
Authors: Coleman B. Jay , Bolumole Yemisi A. , Frankel Robert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractWhat constitutes excellence in publication productivity in logistics journals? Several previous studies have examined this question at the institutional level. However, prior literature has not examined in detail the research productivity patterns of the entire distribution of individual logistics authors across a relatively large number of journals within a lengthy time frame. Prior work has also not established the benchmarks or thresholds of individual research productivity, in terms of both quantity and quality, which are necessary to be ranked among the leading contributors in the discipline. To address this void in the literature, we examine 3,312 articles published in seven leading logistics journals from 1990 to 2009, inclusive, to which 3,657 different individual authors contributed at least one authorship or coauthorship. Using the rankings and associated percentiles of individual authors according to six quality and quantity metrics, we identify the aggregate productivity benchmarks necessary for individual authors to be ranked at various positions in the field. We find that the thresholds necessary to be among the leaders in logistics research productivity, or to meet typically posited expectations for performance, are not necessarily reflective of the traditional wisdom.
Perceptual Analysis of the Reading of Dermatopathology Virtual Slides by Pathology Residents
Authors: Mello-Thoms Claudia , Mello Carlos AB , Medvedeva Olga , Castine Melissa , Legowski Elizabeth , Gardner Gregory , Tseytlin Eugene , Crowley Rebecca 
Published: April 2012

Context.—The process by which pathologists arrive at a given diagnosis—a combination of their slide exploration strategy, perceptual information gathering, and cognitive decision making—has not been thoroughly explored, and many questions remain unanswered.Objective.—To determine how pathology residents learn to diagnose inflammatory skin dermatoses, we contrasted the slide exploration strategy, perceptual capture of relevant histopathologic findings, and cognitive integration of identified features between 2 groups of residents, those who had and those who had not undergone their dermatopathology rotation.Design.—Residents read a case set of 20 virtual slides (10 depicting nodular and diffuse dermatitis and 10 depicting subepidermal vesicular dermatitis), using an in-house–developed interface. We recorded residents' reports of diagnostic findings, conjectured diagnostic hypotheses, and final (or differential) diagnosis for each case, and time stamped each interaction with the interface. We created search maps of residents' slide exploration strategy.Results.—No statistically significant differences were observed between the resident groups in the number of correctly or incorrectly reported diagnostic findings, but residents with dermatopathology training generated significantly more correct hypotheses (mean improvement of 88.5%) and correct diagnoses (70% of all correct diagnoses).Conclusions.—Two types of slide exploration strategy were identified for both groups: (1) a focused and efficient search, observed when the final diagnosis was correct; and (2) a more dispersed, time-consuming strategy, observed when the final diagnosis was incorrect. This difference was statistically significant, and it suggests that initial interpretation of a slide may bias further slide exploration.
Characterisation of colorectal cancer by hierarchical clustering analyses for five stroma‐related markers
Authors: Ito Sunao , Koshino Akira , Wang Chengbo , Otani Takahiro , Komura Masayuki , Ueki Akane , Kato Shunsuke , Takahashi Hiroki , Ebi Masahide , Ogasawara Naotaka , Tsuzuki Toyonori , Kasai Kenji , Kasugai Kunio , Takiguchi Shuji , Takahashi Satoru , Inaguma Shingo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEvidence for the tumour‐supporting capacities of the tumour stroma has accumulated rapidly in colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumour stroma is composed of heterogeneous cells and components including cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), small vessels, immune cells, and extracellular matrix proteins. The present study examined the characteristics of CAFs and collagen, major components of cancer stroma, by immunohistochemistry and Sirius red staining. The expression status of five independent CAF‐related or stromal markers, decorin (DCN), fibroblast activation protein (FAP), podoplanin (PDPN), alpha‐smooth muscle actin (ACTA2), and collagen, and their association with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes were analysed. Patients with DCN‐high tumours had a significantly worse 5‐year survival rate (57.3% versus 79.0%; p = 0.044). Furthermore, hierarchical clustering analyses for these five markers identified three groups that showed specific characteristics: a solid group (cancer cell‐rich, DCNLowPDPNLow); a PDPN‐dominant group (DCNMidPDPNHigh); and a DCN‐dominant group (DCNHighPDPNLow), with a significant association with patient survival (p = 0.0085). Cox proportional hazards model identified the PDPN‐dominant group (hazard ratio = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.26–0.96, p = 0.037) as a potential favourable factor compared with the DCN‐dominant group. Of note, DCN‐dominant tumours showed the most advanced pT stage and contained the lowest number of CD8+ and FOXP3+ immune cells. This study has revealed that immunohistochemistry and special staining of five stromal factors with hierarchical clustering analyses could be used for the prognostication of patients with CRC. Cancer stroma‐targeting therapies may be candidate treatments for patients with CRC.
Metformin in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Investigating Cardiovascular Impact and Nephroprotective Effects in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Gonzalez Moret Yurilu A. , Lo Kevin Bryan , Tan Irene J. 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by widespread organ inflammation. Metformin, commonly used for diabetes mellitus type 2, has been explored for its anti‐inflammatory potential in SLE. This study investigates the association of metformin use on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with SLE.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. We used the multicenter research network (TriNetX) database from 88 health care organizations globally. Patients with SLE aged 18 and above, admitted between January 1, 2014, and April 21, 2024, were included. Propensity score matching compared patients with SLE on metformin with those not on metformin, considering demographics, laboratory results, comorbidities, and baseline medication use. The study assessed outcomes, including lupus nephritis (LN), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) at one and five years after SLE diagnosis.ResultsWe identified 9,178 patients with SLE on metformin and 78,983 patients with SLE not on metformin. After propensity score matching, patients with SLE on metformin had higher levels of hemoglobin A1C, whereas patients not on metformin had higher levels of urea nitrogen. When comparing both groups, the risk of developing LN (risk ratio [RR] = 1.70 [1.17–2.41]; P = 0.004), CKD (RR = 1.27 [1.07–1.52]; P = 0.007), and MACEs (RR = 1.21 [1.00–1.46]; P = 0.04) was significantly higher among patients not on metformin at one year after SLE diagnosis. After five years, the risk of LN and CKD was also higher in patients with SLE not on metformin. MACE risk was no longer significant after five years of diagnosis between both groups.ConclusionPatients with SLE not on metformin have a higher risk of developing LN, CKD, and MACEs compared with patients treated with metformin. Metformin's anti‐inflammatory potential offers promise as a complementary therapy for SLE. Nonetheless, further research and clinical trials are needed to clarify its mechanisms, optimal dosage, and long‐term effects.
Injectable and Sprayable Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Rapid Real‐Time Detection of Human Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lu Jialiang , Lin Xu , Wang Jinqiang , Li Qi , Jin Tingting , Shi Qiuqiu , Lu Yang , Zhang Jingyu , Deng Jun , Zhang Yinqiong , Guo Yu , Gao Jian , Chen Haifeng , Yan Youyou , Wu Jiahe , Gao Jianqing , Che Jinxin , Dong Xiaowu , Gu Zhen , Lin Nengming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of minimally invasive surgery has greatly advanced precision tumor surgery, but sometime suffers from restricted visualization of the surgical field, especially during the removal of abdominal tumors. A 3‐D inspection of tumors could be achieved by intravenously injecting tumor‐selective fluorescent probes, whereas most of which are unable to instantly distinguish tumors via in situ spraying, which is urgently needed in the process of surgery in a convenient manner. In this study, this work has designed an injectable and sprayable fluorescent nanoprobe, termed Poly‐g‐BAT, to realize rapid tumor imaging in freshly dissected human colorectal tumors and animal models. Mechanistically, the incorporation of γ‐glutamyl group facilitates the rapid internalization of Poly‐g‐BAT, and these internalized nanoprobes can be subsequently activated by intracellular NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase‐1 to release near‐infrared fluorophores. As a result, Poly‐g‐BAT can achieve a superior tumor‐to‐normal ratio (TNR) up to 12.3 and enable a fast visualization (3 min after in situ spraying) of tumor boundaries in the xenograft tumor models, Apcmin/+ mice models and fresh human tumor tissues. In addition, Poly‐g‐BAT is capable of identifying minimal premalignant lesions via intravenous injection.