bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missing metals in DQ stars: a compelling clue to their origin
Authors: Farihi J , Dufour P , Wilson T G 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
White dwarf stars frequently experience external pollution by heavy elements, and yet the intrinsically carbon-enriched DQ spectral class members fail to exhibit this phenomenon, representing a decades-old conundrum. This study reports a high-resolution spectroscopic search for Ca ii in classical DQ white dwarfs, finding that these stars are stunted both in pollution frequency and heavy element mass fractions, relative to the wider population. Compared to other white dwarf spectral classes, the average external accretion rate is found to be at least three orders of magnitude lower in the DQ stars. Several hypotheses are considered which need to simultaneously account for (i) an apparent lack of accreted metals, (ii) a dearth of circumstellar planetary material, (iii) an observed deficit of unevolved companions in post-common envelope binaries, (iv) relatively low helium mass fractions, and remnant masses that appear smaller than for other spectral classes, (v) a high incidence of strong magnetism, and (vi) modestly older disc kinematics. Only one hypothesis is consistent with all these constraints, suggesting DQ white dwarfs are the progeny of binary evolution that altered both their stellar structures and their circumstellar environments. A binary origin is already suspected for the warmer and more massive DQ stars, and is proposed here as an inclusive mechanism to expose core carbon material, in a potential evolutionary unification for the entire DQ spectral class. In this picture, DQ stars are not descended from DA or DB white dwarfs that commonly host dynamically active planetary systems.
Tobacco Packaging and Labeling Policies in the WHO African Region: Progress 15 Years After Adoption of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Article 11 Implementation Guidelines
Authors: Sebrié Ernesto M , Donley Kaitlin , Fuss Caroline , Wasson Kai , Camara Bityeki Bintou , Muggli Monique E , Crosbie Eric 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Article 11 of the World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) requires Parties to adopt and implement effective tobacco packaging and labeling policies to communicate health risks and reduce tobacco consumption.

Aims and Methods
The goal of this study was to assess adoption of these policies in the WHO African Region (AFRO). We reviewed tobacco packaging and labeling policies adopted in AFRO from the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids’ Tobacco Control Laws database (www.tobaccocontrollaws.org). We assessed these policies based on WHO FCTC Article 11 and its Implementation Guidelines examining three subpolicy areas (health warning labels [HWLs], descriptive constituents and emissions information, and misleading packaging and labeling). We developed a scoring system to rank AFRO countries individually and by the World Bank’s income-level groups, and documented the progress during 1985–2023.

Results
Forty (of 47) AFRO countries adopted national laws, of which a majority adopted large rotating pictorial HWLs and banned misleading descriptors; only Cote d’Ivoire and Mauritius adopted standardized packaging. The higher a country is in the World Bank’s income-level group, the stronger their packaging and labeling policies. This observation was not present in the HWLs subpolicy area. Prior to approving the WHO FCTC Article 11 Implementation Guidelines, only 23 countries adopted text-only HWLs, whereas 26 countries adopted pictorial HWLs after the approval.

Conclusions
Several AFRO countries have adopted tobacco packaging and labeling policies that align with the WHO FCTC Article 11 Implementation Guidelines. More efforts could be directed toward the low-income group and disseminating standardized packaging throughout AFRO.

Implications
In the AFRO, the number of tobacco users is increasing, highlighting the need for tobacco packaging and labeling policies aligned with WHO FCTC Article 11 and its Implementation Guidelines as these are proven tobacco control strategies. This study provides a country- and income-level group ranking of tobacco packaging and labeling policies, and documents the evolution of HWLs adopted in AFRO. It also identifies regional and income-level group successes and gaps in tobacco product packaging and labeling policies and provides recommendations to further align with WHO FCTC Article 11 and its Implementation Guidelines.
A phase IV study to evaluate the safety of fruquintinib in Chinese patients in real-world clinical practice
Authors: Li Jin , Wang Zhiqiang , Zhong Haijun , He Yifu , Zhang Chen , Niu Zuoxing , Yang Shujun , Zhang Tao , Zhu Liangjun , Shu Yongqian , Gao Yong , Peng Jianjun , Song Yan , Li Jian , Yuan Ying , Zhang Haibo , Yu Gengsheng , Hua Yunqi , Xiao Jianjun , Fu Jianfei , Zheng Yulong , Xue Hua , Luo Xian , Shi Ming , Su Weiguo , Qin Shukui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Fruquintinib is approved in China for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who progressed after 2 lines of chemotherapy. This postmarketing study was conducted to evaluate the safety of fruquintinib in the Chinese population, including previously treated patients with advanced CRC and other solid tumors.

Methods
Patients in the first cycle of fruquintinib or expected to start fruquintinib within a week were enrolled. Fruquintinib was administrated according to the label or per physicians’ discretion. Patient characteristics and safety information were collected at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after consent (or 30 days after the last dose).

Results
Overall, 3005 patients enrolled between April 24, 2019 and September 27, 2022. All enrolled patients received at least one dose of fruquintinib. Most patients had metastases at baseline. The median age was 60 years. More than half (64.0%) of the patients started fruquintinib at 5 mg, and the median treatment exposure was 2.7 months. Nearly one-third (32.5%) of patients with CRC received fruquintinib with concomitant antineoplastic agents. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) leading to dose modification were reported in 626 (20.8%) patients, and 469 (15.6%) patients experienced TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation. The most common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were hypertension (6.6%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (2.2%), and platelet count decreased (1.0%). Combination therapy did not lead to excessive toxicities.

Conclusions
The safety profile of fruquintinib in the real world was generally consistent with that in clinical studies, and the incidence of TEAEs was numerically lower than known VEGF/VEGFR inhibitor-related AEs. Fruquintinib exhibited manageable safety and tolerability in Chinese patients in the real-world setting.
What if your paper were retracted for no credible reason?
Authors: Srholec Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Retractions are meant to protect the integrity of the published record against erroneous content, but retraction procedures are not infallible. This paper identifies imperfections in the regulatory framework of retractions, draws conceptual lessons from them, and derives recommendations to improve the handling of disputed retractions to better suit the needs of all stakeholders. The imperfections are illustrated by a retraction, which its authors and prominent members of the research community appealed at various levels to no avail. None of the relevant authorities in the system of retractions acknowledged any problems, although the retraction suffers from a number of flaws, both procedural and on merit. This paper concludes with reflections on how to revamp the framework for retractions in scientific journals.
Predictors of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Medication Use in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum, Bipolar, and Other Psychotic Disorders in a US Community-based, Integrated Health System
Authors: Alavi Mubarika , Ridout Samuel J , Lee Catherine , Harris Brooke , Ridout Kathryn K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics improve patient outcomes and are recommended by treatment guidelines for patients with limited medication adherence in schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, and other psychotic disorders. Reports of LAI antipsychotic use in these disorders and if use aligns with treatment guidelines are lacking. This study aimed to report patient characteristics associated with LAI antipsychotic use in these disorders.

Study Design
Retrospective observational study of patients ≥18-years-old with bipolar or psychotic disorders at a large, integrated, community-based health system. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics served as exposures for the main outcome of adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for LAI versus oral antipsychotic medication use from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2023.

Study Results
There were N = 2685 LAI and N = 31 531 oral antipsychotic users. Being non-white (aOR = 1.3-2.0; P &lt; .0001), non-female (aOR = 1.5; P &lt; .0001), from a high deprivation neighborhood (NDI, aOR = 1.3; P &lt; .0007), having a higher body mass index (BMI, aOR = 1.3-1.7; P &lt; .0009), having a schizophrenia/schizoaffective (aOR = 5.8-6.8; P &lt; .0001), psychotic (aOR = 1.6, P &lt; .0001), or substance use disorder (aOR = 1.4; P &lt; .0001), and outpatient psychiatry (aOR = 2.3-7.5; P &lt; .0001) or inpatient hospitalization (aOR = 2.4; P &lt; .0001) utilization in the prior year with higher odds and age ≥40 (aOR = 0.4-0.7; P &lt; .0001) or bipolar disorder (aOR = 0.9; P &lt; .05) were associated with lower odds of LAI use. Non-white, non-female, age 18-39, and high NDI patients had higher LAI use regardless of treatment adherence markers. Smoking and cardiometabolic markers were also associated with LAI use.

Conclusions
Demographic and clinical factors are associated with increased LAI use irrespective of treatment adherence. Research on utilization variation informing equitable formulation use aligned with treatment guideline recommendations is warranted.
0004 Circadian Alignment and Body Composition in Overweight/obese Adults
Authors: Shafer Brooke , Kogan Sophia , Shea Steven , Olson Ryan , McHill Andrew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Misalignment between behaviors (i.e., eating/sleeping) and the circadian timing system promotes increased risk of diabetes and obesity. Though circadian disruption has been shown to be associated with higher body fat percentage (BF%) and abdominal fat distribution among healthy weight males, but not females, these relationships may be altered in individuals with higher body mass index (BMI) given the complex interaction between obesity and circadian metabolic mechanisms. We therefore tested the association between circadian alignment and body composition in individuals with overweight/obesity.

Methods
BF% and android-gynoid (AG) percent fat ratio was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in 28 participants (15 female). Dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO; 3pg/ml threshold) was used as a marker of circadian phase, as determined from saliva samples across an ~8h evening in-laboratory stay in dim-light (&lt; 5 lux). Circadian alignment was determined via phase angle of entrainment, defined as the time difference between DLMO and diary-determined sleep onset over 7-days. Differences between females and males were assessed using independent t-tests and the relationships between phase angle of entrainment and body composition metrics were assessed using Pearson correlation analyses.

Results
There were no differences between groups in age (mean(SD), females vs. males, respectively; 34.2(8.2) y vs. 37.2(8.3) y; p=0.35), BMI (34.9(5.9) kg/m2 vs. 31.0(6.5) kg/m2; p=0.11), DLMO timing (19:35(1:15) vs. 19:37(0:57); p=0.95), or phase angle of entrainment (2.9(1.7) h vs. 3.0(1.1) h; p=0.77). Females had higher BF% than males (45(6) % vs. 34(8) %; p&lt; 0.01) and lower AG ratios than males (1.06(0.13) vs. 1.33(0.15); p&lt; 0.01). Phase angle of entrainment [i.e., later sleep] was negatively correlated with AG ratio only in males (r= -0.6; p=0.03) while phase angle of entrainment had a negative correlation with BF% only in females (r= -0.65; p=0.01).

Conclusion
Alignment of the circadian system (i.e., smaller phase angle of entrainment) may be a contributing factor to poorer body composition and, particularly amongst males, metabolically unhealthy body fat distribution in individuals with overweight/obesity. The mechanistic role of circadian timing on cardiometabolic disease risk may be differentially affected by sex and obesity, which could have implications for targeted interventions to improve health outcomes.

Support (if any)
NIH T32HL083808, K01HL146992, R35HL155681
0013 Impact of Circadian Misalignment on Executive Functioning and Risk Taking in Adolescents
Authors: Mills Andrew , Oldham Mary-Frances , Homer Kate , Rugh Kathleen , Jones Jolynn , Jube Eric , Kamhout Sarah , Kay Daniel , Duraccio Kara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Circadian misalignment, the discrepancy between one’s internal circadian rhythms and one’s sleep patterns, is prevalent among adolescents. Circadian misalignment may confer risk for executive function difficulties and risky behavior in teens. This study aims to investigate the impact of experimentally-induced circadian misalignment on executive functioning and risk taking in adolescents.

Methods
Twenty-nine night owl adolescents (14-18 years) underwent a 20-day sleep manipulation protocol, which included two conditions simulating night owl (aligned group) and morning lark (misaligned group) sleep patterns. The study included a 5-night stabilization, 2-night washout, and two 5-day sleep conditions (aligned vs misaligned). Executive functioning and risk-taking were assessed using the Trail Making Task, (an objective executive functioning task), Iowa Gambling Task (an objective risk-taking task), and the Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS; a self-report measure of both executive function and risk tasking), following each experimental condition. Normality for the dependent variables were assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and statistical comparisons were run with Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests for non-normal variables and paired samples t-tests for normal variables.

Results
The Trail Making Task displayed no significant differences between the aligned and misaligned groups in completion times (p=.108). There were no significant differences between groups on the BAS-drive (p=.522), BAS-fun ( p=.273), and BAS-reward (p=.791) sub-components. In contrast, the misaligned group had significantly higher scores on the BIS component (p=.021). Additionally, the misaligned group had higher average total T-scores in risk taking on the Iowa Gambling Task (p=.022).

Conclusion
Our results indicate that those in the misaligned condition showed significantly increased risk-taking in a gambling task (compared to when in the aligned condition), which is consistent with prior findings emphasizing the impact of circadian misalignment on risky behavior. Interestingly, adolescents experiencing circadian misalignment also had elevated behavioral inhibition scores, suggesting that alongside greater behavioral observations of risk taking, they also self-reported to have heightened nervous reactions to expected punishment and increased sensitivity to aversive outcomes. This study enhances understanding of circadian alignment's impact on adolescent decision making, which may inform pre-clinical behavioral interventions aimed to improve adolescent health and well-being.

Support (if any)
0025 Circadian Phase Shifts After Transmeridian Travel in the Operational Environment
Authors: Huang Kathleen , Eldringhoff Hannah , Overman Grace , Carlsson Kajsa , Jones Rachell , Bode Victoria , Elkin-Frankston Seth , Bovard Pooja , Brown Stephanie , Burke Tina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Circadian misalignment is detrimental to health and performance– decrements that can be exacerbated by rapid transmeridian travel. Such travel is unavoidable in military operations but can itself negatively impact the likelihood of mission success. To date, there are few studies assessing the impact of travel on the physiology and operational performance of military personnel. In the present study, salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is used to assess the extent to which circadian rhythms are impacted by transmeridian travel and round-the-clock missions.

Methods
Participants were 23 active-duty male Soldiers aged 23.2 ± 2.8 years (M ± SD). Baseline data were collected in the Hawaii Standard Time (HST) Zone. This was followed by rapid deployment to the Eastern Daylight Time Zone for one pre-mission day, followed by a 72-hour live-fire exercise, and two post-mission days. Salivary melatonin was assessed via a modified constant routine at baseline, upon arrival to the EDT zone, and again on the first post-mission day, with 12 passive drool saliva samples collected every 30 minutes from 1830 to 0000 hours under dim light (&lt; 10 lux) and sedentary conditions. Participants abstained from food and drink (except for water) during the assessment. The circadian phase shift for the mission was calculated as the time difference between baseline and post-mission DLMO.

Results
During the pre-mission day, 19 participants displayed the anticipated melatonin suppression (no DLMO) upon arrival to the EDT zone. During the mission, 15 Soldiers had a circadian phase delay [ ~66 min (±72 min), (M ± SD)], and 8 Soldiers had a circadian phase advance [~90 min (± 96 min), (M±SD).

Conclusion
As anticipated, participants’ circadian rhythms were misaligned with the local day immediately upon arrival to the EDT. For all but 1 participant, circadian timing at post-mission was similar to circadian timing at baseline. Further analyses are underway to determine the extent of misalignment on the pre-mission day resulting from travel. Further research is needed to assess the extent to which transmeridian travel and round-the-clock operations impact circadian misalignment, rate of adaptation to the new time zone, and operationally relevant performance.

Support (if any)
DoD MOMRP; DEVCOM-SC
0026 Night Shift Sleep and Energy Management via Light Therapy: A Double-blinded, Placebo Controlled Study
Authors: Luo Biquan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Lumos Smart Sleep Mask emits short light pulses during sleep aiming to pre-align and re-align the user’s circadian rhythms during travel, night shifts and other short-term and long-term circadian clock disruptions. In an earlier DoD-funded, counterbalanced, double-blinded, placebo-controlled lab study, the Lumos Mask was shown to induce circadian phase shifts determined by DLMO assessment. This study is a DoD-funded field study on healthy night shift workers to investigate the impact of Lumos Mask on sleep and alertness during night shifts.

Methods
The study involved 15 healthy night shift workers aged between 18 and 65 who underwent multiple rounds of night shift rotations under multiple conditions. The conditions included: 1) No intervention 2) Lumos Mask + sham program 3) Lumos Mask + active light programs. Sleep data was collected by Dreem headband, Fitbit Charge 5, as well as self-report questionnaires. Alertness through reaction time was measured by the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), Karolinska Sleepiness Score (KSS), and other self-report questionnaires.

Results
Preliminary findings demonstrated a consistent trend indicating the mitigation of adverse effects associated with night shift work on sleep and alertness. Participants demonstrated higher alertness and higher functionings during night shifts. When working on night shifts, participants demonstrated better perceived sleep quality, accompanied by longer sleep duration and less early awakening. During post-shift recovery sleep, participants experienced shorter sleep onset latency, shorter awakening, and better overall perceived sleep quality.

Conclusion
Taken together, the lab study and the field study demonstrated the effectiveness of the Lumos Mask in regulating human circadian clocks. The personalized light pulses in the Lumos Mask offer a great potential in improving the sleep and performance for individuals experiencing circadian clock disruptions.

Support (if any)
The DLMO lab study and the night shift field study were funded by the Department of Defense under Contract Number H9240521
0027 Personalized Light Therapy for Night Shift Work: A Precision Medicine Approach to Reducing Insomnia and Sleepiness
Authors: Paniccia Grace , Habash Salma , Drake Christopher , Walch Olivia , Cheng Philip 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Night shift workers experience symptoms of excessive sleepiness and insomnia due to misalignment between their circadian clock and work schedule. Circadian misalignment can be corrected using exposure to bright light delivered in accordance with a phase response curve. Our prior data indicate that a light schedule personalized to an individual’s melatonin rhythms produces greater reductions in circadian misalignment compared to a one-schedule-fits-all approach. This randomized controlled trial extends prior findings by examining the effect of personalized light therapy on symptoms of shift work disorder.

Methods
Individuals with shift work disorder (ICSD-3 diagnostic criteria) were randomized into two conditions: personalized light therapy (n = 14), or a non-personalized light therapy control (n = 7). Personalized light schedules were based on estimates of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) derived from mathematical modeling of data collected via an Apple Watch. Light schedules were delivered through a mobile app (Arcashift) that updated in accordance with real-time estimates of DLMO. Estimates were confirmed with in-lab DLMO. Participants were provided light blocking glasses and a light box as source of bright light at night. Sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index) were assessed before and after treatment, and analyses evaluated change scores from pre- to post-treatment.

Results
Those in the personalized light therapy group demonstrated decreased insomnia symptoms during daytime sleep (mean = -4.64, SD = 8.03) compared to those in the non-personalized control (mean = 3.57, SD = 5.38), p &lt; 0.05. The personalized light therapy group also achieved a decrease in peak sleepiness (mean = -0.21, SD = 0.68) compared to the control (mean = 0.77, SD = 0.76), p &lt; .001.

Conclusion
Preliminary results suggest that personalizing light therapy according to the individual’s specific circadian phase may be more effective in improving symptoms of insomnia and sleepiness by delivering treatment. Future research should examine other occupational and health outcomes associated with a personalized approach to light therapy.

Support (if any)
Support for this study was provided from the National Institute of Health R41HL163783 and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Foundation (245-SR-21) awarded to Drs. Philip Cheng and Olivia Walch.