bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quest for client autonomy in improving long‐term mental health care
Authors: Broer Tineke , Nieboer Anna P. , Bal Roland A. 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACTThe objective of the present study was to explore how mental health‐care professionals initiate, improve, and maintain client autonomy while improving other aspects of quality of care. We studied the different ways in which they approach autonomy and the dilemmas associated with them. As a methodology, we used the insights of actor‐network theory, where concepts cannot be predefined, but are formed within specific situations, and therefore, should be studied by addressing the actors involved. Data were gathered by conducting ethnographic observations of national conferences of a quality‐improvement collaborative and by interviewing actors involved in the improvement practices. In a bottom‐up analysis, four approaches to autonomy emerged: (i) professionals removed constraints to autonomy and passed initiative to clients; (ii) professionals made an active effort to learn and support client preferences; (iii) clients were given opportunities towards independent lifestyles; and (iv) professionals tried to ‘normalize’ their relationship with clients to encourage roles other than those of client. The study showed that autonomy is an important issue throughout the process of quality improvement. Articulating the different approaches to autonomy and the dilemmas in these approaches contributed to reflection on the concept and highlighted the limits of the concept within a mental health‐care setting.
Immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of type VI collagen in the lingual mucosa of rats during the morphogenesis of filiform papillae
Authors: Iwasaki Shin‐ichi , Yoshizawa Hideki , Aoyagi Hidekazu 
Published: November 2010

AbstractIwasaki, S., Yoshizawa, H. and Aoyagi, H. 2012. Immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of type VI collagen in the lingual mucosa of rats during the morphogenesis of filiform papillae. —Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 93: 80–87.We examined the distribution after immunostaining of immunofluorescence of type VI collagen, differential interference contrast (DIC) images, and images obtained using confocal laser‐scanning microscopy in transmission mode, after toluidine blue staining, during morphogenesis of the filiform papillae, keratinization of the lingual epithelium and myogenesis in the rat tongue on semi‐ultrathin sections of epoxy resin‐embedded samples. Immunoreactivity specific for type VI collagen was dispersed over a relatively wide range of connective tissue in the mesenchyme of fetuses on day 15 after conception (E15), at which time the lingual epithelium was composed of one or two layers of cuboidal cells and the lingual muscle was barely recognizable. Slight immunoreactivity specific for type VI collagen was scattered within the lamina propria in fetuses on E17 and on E19, and immunoreactivity was relatively distinct on the connective tissue around the lingual muscle during myogenesis. In fetuses on E19, the epithelium was already stratified squamous. At postnatal stages from P0 to P14, keratinization of the lingual epithelium advanced gradually as morphogenesis of the filiform papillae proceeded during postnatal development. In newborns on P0, myogenesis of the tongue was almost completed. The intensity of immunoreactivity specific for type VI collagen at postnatal stages was mainly restricted on the endomysium and perimysium around the lingual muscle, while scant immunoreactivity was evident in the connective tissue in the lamina propria. Immunoreactivity around the fully mature lingual muscle on P7 and P14 was weaker than that on E19 and P0. Thus, type VI collagen appeared in the connective tissue that surrounded the lingual muscles such as the endomysium and perimysium, in parallel with changes in extracellular components during myogenesis of the tongue.
Deaf and hearing children: a comparison of peripheral vision development
Authors: Codina Charlotte , Buckley David , Port Michael , Pascalis Olivier 
Published: November 2010

AbstractThis study investigated peripheral vision (at least 30° eccentric to fixation) development in profoundly deaf children without cochlear implantation, and compared this to age‐matched hearing controls as well as to deaf and hearing adult data. Deaf and hearing children between the ages of 5 and 15 years were assessed using a new, specifically paediatric designed method of static perimetry. The deaf group (N = 25) were 14 females and 11 males, mean age 9.92 years (range 5–15 years). The hearing group (N = 64) were 34 females, 30 males, mean age 9.13 years (range 5–15 years). All participants had good visual acuity in both eyes (< 0.200 LogMAR). Accuracy of detection and reaction time to briefly presented LED stimuli of three light intensities, at eccentricities between 30° and 85° were measured while fixation was maintained to a central target. The study found reduced peripheral vision in deaf children between 5 and 10 years of age. Deaf children (aged 5–10 years) showed slower reaction times to all stimuli and reduced ability to detect and accurately report dim stimuli in the far periphery. Deaf children performed equally to hearing children aged 11–12 years. Deaf adolescents aged 13–15 years demonstrated faster reaction times to all peripheral stimuli in comparison to hearing controls. Adolescent results were consistent with deaf and hearing adult performances wherein deaf adults also showed significantly faster reaction times than hearing controls. Peripheral vision performance on this task was found to reach adult‐like levels of maturity in deaf and hearing children, both in reaction time and accuracy of detection at the age of 11–12 years.
Brain functions associated with verbal working memory tasks among young males with alcohol use disorders
Authors: PARK MI‐SOOK , SOHN SUNJU , PARK JI‐EUN , KIM SOOK‐HEE , YU IN KYU , SOHN JIN‐HUN 
Published: November 2010

Park, M.‐S., Sohn, S., Park, J.‐E., Kim, S.‐H., Yu, I.K. & Sohn, J.‐H. (2011). Brain functions associated with verbal working memory tasks among young males with alcohol use disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 1–7.This study aimed to investigate the differences in brain functions during verbal working memory between individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD) and normal controls. fMRI was used to scan brain activations associated with verbal working memory while participants performed 2‐back and 0‐back tasks. A total of 21 young male college students participated in the study. Eleven of those who clinically met the criteria for AUD were assigned to the AUD group, whereas ten demographically similar subjects who were social drinkers but not AUD were assigned to the normal control group. The AUD group showed less activation in bilateral frontal and precentral, left superior temporal, left superior parietal, and left cerebellar cortex during the 2‐back task relative to 0‐back task compared to the normal control group. In contrast, the control group showed less activation only in the right uncus than the AUD group. These results suggest that subjects with AUD present abnormality in brain functioning during verbal working memory.
Early maladaptive schemas in Finnish adult chronic pain patients and a control sample
Authors: SAARIAHO TOM HARRI , SAARIAHO ANITA SYLVIA , KARILA IRMA ANNELI , JOUKAMAA MATTI I. 
Published: November 2010

Saariaho, T.H., Saariaho, A.S., Karila, I.A. & Joukamaa, M.I. (2011). Early maladaptive schemas in Finnish adult chronic pain patients and a control sample. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 146–153. Engel (1959) suggested that negative physical or emotional experiences in childhood predispose to the development of chronic pain. Studies have shown that physical and sexual abuse in early life is connected with chronic pain. Emotional adversities are much less studied causes contributing to the development of chronic pain and disability. Early emotional abuse, neglect, maltreatment and other adversities are deleterious childhood experiences which, according to Young’s schema theory (1990), produce early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). The primary goal of this study was to examine whether early adversities were more common in chronic pain patients than in a control group. A total of 271 (53% women) first‐visit chronic pain patients and 331 (86% women) control participants took part in the study. Their socio‐demographic data, pain variables and pain disability were measured. To estimate EMSs the Young Schema Questionnaire was used. Chronic pain patients scored higher EMSs reflecting incapacity to perform independently, catastrophic beliefs and pessimism. The most severely disabled chronic pain patients showed an increase in all the EMSs in the Disconnection and Rejection schema domain, namely Abandonment/Instability, Mistrust/Abuse, Emotional Deprivation, Defectiveness/Shame and Social Isolation/Alienation EMSs. The results of the study suggested that chronic pain patients had suffered early emotional maltreatment.
Smoking cessation among Norwegian adolescents and young adults: preferred cessation methods
Authors: WIIUM NORA , ØVERLAND SIMON , AARØ LEIF E. 
Published: November 2010

Wiium, N., Øverland, S. & Aarø, L.E. (2011). Smoking cessation among Norwegian adolescents and young adults: preferred cessation methods. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 52, 154–160.Despite generally declining smoking rates, particularly among young people, a large number of people remain smokers and many young people still pick up smoking. Helping smokers quit therefore remains a high priority for the public health sector. In the present study we examined adolescents and young adults’ preferences regarding cessation methods and if these differed between genders and depended on smoking frequency. The data came from a nationally representative survey in Norway among 16–20 year olds. Only regular (weekly and daily) smokers were included in the statistical analyses (n = 509, 51% females). The findings suggest that the majority of both male (83.6%) and female (78.4%) smokers would prefer to quit smoking without help. More males than females reported that they would consider using snus as a cessation aid, while females more often reported willingness to attend cessation classes or use brochures and diaries as cessation aids. Both males and females had similar preferences albeit low, regarding the use of health services, nicotine gum or patches and internet and sms‐services to quit smoking. Daily smokers would more often than weekly smokers prefer to attend cessation classes, seek help from health services, use nicotine gum or patches or use brochures and diaries. In contrast, weekly smokers preferred to use snus as a cessation aid more often than daily smokers. Identifying and making appropriate cessation methods attractive may lead to successful quitting and consequently public health gains.
Photodynamic therapy for basal cell carcinoma: clinical and pathological determinants of response
Authors: Fantini F. , Greco A. , Del Giovane C. , Cesinaro A.M. , Venturini M. , Zane C. , Surrenti T. , Peris K. , Calzavara‐Pinton P.G. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractBackground  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is increasingly used in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). However, scant information is available about the impact of both patient‐ and lesion‐related characteristics on the effectiveness of therapy. Therefore, on the basis of the current data, it is difficult to draw clear‐cut indications to use PDT for treatment of BCC in clinical practice.Objective  To investigate the clinical and pathological determinants of response of BCC to PDT with methylaminolevulinate (MAL) and red light.Methods  The clinical and pathological characteristics of 194 BCCs in 135 patients, treated with MAL‐PDT, were evaluated. Lesions were treated with MAL‐PDT according to established methods and the response was assessed by clinical follow‐up of the patients.Results  Complete response to PDT was 62%, with a better response for superficial BCC (95/116, 82%) than nodular BCC (26/78, 33%). When determinants of response were analysed, the nodular type and the location on the limbs emerged as significant clinical predictors of failure. Among the pathological characteristics, the nodular and infiltrative histotypes, as well as ulceration and tumour thickness were associated with a lower response to therapy. Patients’ age and gender, as well as the size of the lesions, were not found to be significant predictors.Conclusions  Optimization of PDT procedure for BCC requires a careful selection of the lesions. In particular, superficial BCCs, preferentially located on the trunk, show the best therapeutic response.
Magnifications of single and dual element accommodative intraocular lenses: paraxial optics analysis
Authors: Ale Jit B , Manns Fabrice , Ho Arthur 
Published: November 2010

Citation information: Ale JB, Manns F & Ho A. Magnifications of single and dual element accommodative intraocular lenses: paraxial optics analysis. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31, 7–16. doi: 10.1111/j.1475‐1313.2010.00795.xAbstractPurpose:  Using an analytical approach of paraxial optics, we evaluated the magnification of a model eye implanted with single‐element (1E) and dual‐element (2E) translating‐optics accommodative intraocular lenses (AIOL) with an objective of understanding key control parameters relevant to their design. Potential clinical implications of the results arising from pseudophakic accommodation were also considered.Methods:  Lateral and angular magnifications in a pseudophakic model eye were analyzed using the matrix method of paraxial optics. The effects of key control parameters such as direction (forward or backward) and distance (0 to 2 mm) of translation, power combinations of the 2E‐AIOL elements (front element power range +20.0 D to +40.0 D), and amplitudes of accommodation (0 to 4 D) were tested. Relative magnification, defined as the ratio of the retinal image size of the accommodated eye to that of unaccommodated phakic (rLM1) or pseudophakic (rLM2) model eyes, was computed to determine how retinal image size changes with pseudophakic accommodation.Results:  Both lateral and angular magnifications increased with increased power of the front element in 2E‐AIOL and amplitude of accommodation. For a 2E‐AIOL with front element power of +35 D, rLM1 and rLM2 increased by 17.0% and 16.3%, respectively, per millimetre of forward translation of the element, compared to the magnification at distance focus (unaccommodated). These changes correspond to a change of 9.4% and 6.5% per dioptre of accommodation, respectively. Angular magnification also increased with pseudophakic accommodation. 1E‐AIOLs produced consistently less magnification than 2E‐AIOLs. Relative retinal image size decreased at a rate of 0.25% with each dioptre of accommodation in the phakic model eye. The position of the image space nodal point shifted away from the retina (towards the cornea) with both phakic and pseudophakic accommodation.Conclusion:  Power of the mobile element, and amount and direction of the translation (or the achieved accommodative amplitude) are important parameters in determining the magnifications of the AIOLs. The results highlight the need for caution in the prescribing of AIOL. Aniso‐accommodation or inter‐ocular differences in AIOL designs (or relative to the natural lens of the contralateral eye) may introduce dynamic aniseikonia and consequent impaired binocular vision. Nevertheless, some designs, offering greater increases in magnification on accommodation, may provide enhanced near vision depending on patient needs.
Pain and Self‐Injury Ideation in Elderly Men and Women Receiving Home Care
Authors: Li Lydia W. , Conwell Yeates 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the associations between self‐injury ideation and pain severity, pain control, and their combination in older adults receiving home care and to examine sex differences in the associations.DESIGN: Secondary data analysis, mixed‐model repeated‐measures design.SETTING: Two publicly funded home care programs in Michigan.PARTICIPANTS: Elderly participants of home care programs (N=16,700).MEASUREMENTS: All participants received in‐home assessments at baseline and every 3 months thereafter using a standardized instrument that included questions about self‐injury ideation and pain experience. Assessment data collected over 1 year after baseline were used.RESULTS: Participants' average age was 77.5; 72.2% were female, and 81.4% were white. At baseline, 1.4% of the sample (2.1% of men and 1.2% of women) had self‐injury ideation. The risk of self‐injury ideation in men increased with pain severity (some pain: adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.12–3.13; severe pain: AOR=2.36, 95% CI=1.29–4.30) and pain control (controlled by medication: AOR=1.81, 95% CI=1.08–3.04; uncontrolled by medication: AOR=3.39, 95% CI=1.45–7.95). Men with severe and uncontrolled pain were at especially high risk (AOR=4.10, 95% CI=1.37–12.28). No measures of pain were significantly associated with self‐injury ideation in women. Sex differences in the association between pain severity and self‐injury ideation were significant at P<.05.CONCLUSION: Pain in older adults receiving home care should be taken seriously and treated as one means to reduce risk of suicide. Pain assessment should include severity and control of pain. In men, complaints about pain should prompt questioning about self‐injury ideation.
Quality of Life in Nursing Home Residents with Advanced Dementia
Authors: Cordner Zachary , Blass David M. , Rabins Peter V. , Black Betty S. 
Published: November 2010

OBJECTIVES: To examine quality of life (QOL) in nursing home (NH) residents with advanced dementia and identify correlates of QOL near the end of life.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional data derived from NH records, interviews with residents' surrogate decision‐makers, QOL ratings by NH caregivers, and assessment of residents' cognitive function.SETTING: Three NHs in Maryland.PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of NH residents with dementia (n=119) who were receiving hospice or palliative care or met hospice criteria for dementia and their surrogates.MEASUREMENTS: QOL based on the proxy‐rated Alzheimer' Disease‐Related Quality of Life (ADRQL) scale administered to NH staff and validated against a single‐item surrogate‐rated measure of QOL, the Severe Impairment Rating Scale, to measure cognitive function and dichotomous indicators of neuropsychiatric symptoms (behavior problems, mood disorders, psychosis, delusions).RESULTS: Total ADRQL scores, ranging from 12.4 to 95.1 out of 100, were normally distributed and positively correlated (P<.001) with surrogate‐rated QOL. Multiple regression analysis of ADRQL scores showed that residents with higher cognitive function (P<.001, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.97–1.65) and those receiving pain medication (P=.006, 95% CI=3.30–19.59) had higher QOL, whereas residents with behavior problems (P=.01, 95% CI=−11.60 to −1.30) had lower QOL.CONCLUSION: The ADRQL is a valid indicator of QOL in NH residents with advanced dementia. QOL in this population may be improved near the end of life using appropriate assessment and treatment of pain and effective management of behavior problems.
How Realistically Does Outdoor UV‐B Supplementation with Lamps Reflect Ozone Depletion: An Assessment of Enhancement Errors
Authors: Kotilainen Titta , Lindfors Anders , Tegelberg Riitta , Aphalo Pedro J. 
Published: November 2010

AbstractLimitations in the realism of currently available lamps mean that enhancement errors in outdoor experiments simulating UV‐B radiation effects of stratospheric ozone depletion can be large. Here, we assess the magnitude of such errors at two Finnish locations, during May and June, under three cloud conditions. First we simulated solar radiation spectra for normal, compared with 10% and 20% ozone depletion, and convoluted the daily integrated solar spectra with eight biological spectral weighting functions (BSWFs) of relevance to effects of UV on plants. We also convoluted a measured spectrum from cellulose‐acetate filtered UV‐B lamps with the same eight BSWFs. From these intermediate results we calculated the enhancement errors. Differences between locations and months were small, cloudiness had only a minor effect. This assessment was based on the assumption that no extra enhancement compensating for shading of UV radiation by lamp frames is performed. Under this assumption errors between spectra are due to differences in the UV‐B effectiveness rather than differences in the UV‐A effectiveness. Hence, conclusions about plant growth from past UV‐supplementation experiments should be valid. However, interpretation of the response of individual physiological processes is less secure, so results from some field experiments with lamps might need reassessment.
Class 1 Integrons, Selected Virulence Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance in
Escherichia coli
Isolates from the Minjiang River, Fujian Province, China
Authors: Chen Bin , Zheng Weiwen , Yu Ying , Huang Wenwen , Zheng Siping , Zhang Yun , Guan Xiong , Zhuang Yiting , Chen Ning , Topp Edward 
Published: November 2010

ABSTRACT

Widespread fecal pollution of surface waters in developing countries is a threat to public health and may represent a significant pathway for the global dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The Minjiang River drainage basin in Fujian Province is one of China's most intensive livestock and poultry production areas and is home to several million people. In the study reported here,
Escherichia coli
isolates (
n
= 2,788) were sampled (2007 and 2008) from seven surface water locations in the basin and evaluated by PCR for carriage of selected genes encoding virulence factors, primarily for swine disease. A subset of isolates (
n
= 500) were evaluated by PCR for the distribution and characteristics of class 1 integrons, and a subset of these (
n
= 200) were evaluated phenotypically for resistance to a range of antibiotics. A total of 666 (24%)
E. coli
isolates carried at least one of the virulence genes
elt
,
fed
A
,
ast
A
,
fas
A
,
est
A
,
stx
2e
,
paa
, and
sep
A
. Forty-one percent of the isolates harbored class 1 integrons, and these isolates had a significantly higher probability of resistance to tobramycin, cefoperazone, cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, azitromycin, and rifampin than isolates with no class 1 integron detected. Frequencies of resistance to selected antibiotics were as high as or higher than those in fecal, wastewater, and clinical isolates in published surveys undertaken in China, North America, and Europe. Overall,
E. coli
in the Minjiang River drainage basin carry attributes with public health significance at very high frequency, and these data provide a powerful rationale for investment in source water protection strategies in this important agricultural and urban setting in China.