bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining anthracycline‐related subclinical cardiotoxicity: ‘Absolute’ and ‘relative’ change in longitudinal strain
Authors: Terluk Andrew , Stefani Luke , Boyd Anita , Vo Kim , Byth Karen , Hui Rina , Richards David , Thomas Liza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsAnthracycline chemotherapy (AC) for breast cancer can cause cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) with resultant heart failure, traditionally defined as a reduction in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction on echocardiography. In recent years, global longitudinal systolic strain (GLS) has been used to identify subclinical cardiac dysfunction prior to development of overt CTRCD. Recent harmonized guidelines have incorporated GLS into definitions for CTRCD to identify cardiac dysfunction and inform decisions regarding cardioprotective strategies.Methods and resultsWe evaluated subclinical dysfunction in breast cancer patients treated with AC and determined the echocardiographic and patient factors associated with significant GLS changes. One hundred fourteen HER2 negative patients treated with AC were prospectively recruited and underwent serial echocardiograms (LVEF and LVGLS) at three time points (prior to AC, 3 months, and 1 year). CTRCD was defined as an asymptomatic reduction in LVEF of 10% or symptomatic drop of 5% to LVEF <53%. Subclinical LV dysfunction was defined as a reduction of ≥10% in GLS compared with baseline, recognizing that this cut off identified an ‘at risk cohort’ rather than patients with established CTRCD. No participant demonstrated CTRCD by reduction in LVEF. Forty‐three patients (38%) demonstrated a ≥10% relative reduction in GLS at 12 months; 20/43 (47%) had a reduced absolute GLS to <16%, and were older, had hypertension, increased LV mass, lower baseline e′ velocity and GLS. GLS ≥20.5% at baseline yielded a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 87% for a normal GLS (i.e., ≥16%) at 1 year despite a ≥10% reduction from baseline.ConclusionsWe present a stepwise evaluation for subclinical LV dysfunction using both a relative reduction in GLS combined with an absolute reduction in GLS. We believe our findings may re‐stratify patients with a high baseline GLS into a lower risk group despite transient relative GLS decrements ≥10%.
Moderate/severe biatrial dilation predicts adverse events after ablation in atrial fibrillation with heart failure
Authors: Yao Yan , Li Bing , Xue Jia , Chen Zhuo , Cai Xuemin , Han Jiancheng , Zhou Xinyuan , Luo Wenzhi , Lu Zhenhua , Long Deyong , Zhang Zhihui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsTo retrospectively compare the long‐term outcomes following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation between heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF) (HFpEF) and reduced/mildly reduced EF (HFr‐mrEF) patients, and to identify novel predictors of adverse clinical events.MethodsIn total, 1402 AF patients with HF who underwent successful ablation were consecutively enrolled. Adverse clinical events including all‐cause death, HF hospitalization, and stroke were followed up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between clinical factors and events. Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to estimate the cumulative incidences of these events. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to test the ability of these predictors.ResultsDuring a follow‐up period of 42 ± 15 months, 265 (18.9%) patients experienced adverse clinical events after ablation. The cumulative incidence of adverse clinical events was significantly higher in HFr‐mrEF than in HFpEF (25.4% vs. 15.7%, P < 0.001), the similar tendency was observed on all‐cause death (10.5% vs. 6.5%, P = 0.011) and HF hospitalization (17.2% vs. 10.1%, P < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, non‐paroxysmal AF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.922, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.130–3.268, P = 0.016], LAD ≥ 45 mm (HR 2.197, 95% CI 1.206–4.003, P < 0.001), LVEF (HR 0.959, 95% CI 0.946–0.981, P < 0.001), and RAD ≥ 45 mm (HR 2.044, 95% CI 1.362–3.238, P < 0.001) remained the independent predictors for developing adverse clinical events. A predictive model performed with non‐paroxysmal AF, LAD ≥ 45 mm and RAD ≥ 45 mm yielded an area under curve of 0.728 (95% CI 0.696–0.760, P < 0.001).ConclusionsAF patients with HFpEF had better long‐term outcomes than those with HFr‐mrEF, and moderate/severe biatrial dilation could predict adverse clinical events following catheter ablation in AF and HF patients.
Investigation on fatigue crack propagation failure mechanism of hydraulic lifting pipe in deep‐ocean natural gas hydrate exploitation
Authors: Liang Hao , Guo Xiaoqiang , Chen Xinghan , Li Xinye 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn deep‐ocean natural gas hydrate exploitation operation, the fatigue failure mechanism has attracted more and more attention from scholars, but it has not been effectively disclosed. Therefore, in this work, a multifield coupling and multiple‐nonlinear vibration model of lifting pipe is established, which can accurately determine the alternating stress of deep‐ocean lifting pipe. Second, according to Forman theory, the calculation method of crack propagation length and depth on the surface of a deep‐water riser is established, which is verified by the comparison between the experimental and theoretical model calculation results. The results demonstrate that, first, the effect of residual stress in the welded joint of deep‐ocean lifting pipe should be considered in the later parameter influence analysis. Second, the fatigue growth life of deep‐water pipe with small outflow velocity is mainly determined by tensile stress, and that is determined by both tensile stress and bending stress with large outflow velocity. Third, more attention should be paid to the vibration of the lower pipe on‐site to reduce its vibration frequency and vibration stress amplitude, which can effectively reduce the surface crack propagation state of the deep‐ocean pipe and improve the service life of the pipe. Fourth, properly adjusting the tension coefficient of the tensioner during field operation can effectively improve the safety of the pipe, and the optimal tension coefficient is related to the configuration of the deep‐ocean pipe system, which can be analyzed and determined by the model.
The Tissue-Specific Eco-Exposome: Differential Pharmaceutical Bioaccumulation and Disposition in Fish among Trophic Positions
Authors: Sims Jaylen L. , Cole Alexander R. , Moran Zachary S. , Mansfield Charles M. , Possamai Bianca , Rojo Macarena , King Ryan S. , Matson Cole W. , Brooks Bryan W. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Though bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals by aquatic organisms continues to receive scientific attention, the internal disposition of these contaminants among different tissue compartments of fish species has been infrequently investigated, particularly among fish at different trophic positions. We tested a human to fish biological read-across hypothesis for contaminant disposition by examining tissue-specific accumulation in three understudied species, longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus; piscivore), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum; planktivore/detritivore), and smallmouth buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus; benthivore), from a river influenced by municipal effluent discharge. In addition to surface water, fish plasma, and brain, gill, gonad, liver, and lateral muscle fillet tissues were analyzed via isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Caffeine and sucralose, two common effluent tracers, were quantitated at low micrograms per liter levels in surface water, while an anticonvulsant, carbamazepine, was observed at levels up to 37 ng/L. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and sertraline and primary metabolites were detected in at least one tissue of all three species at low micrograms per kilogram concentrations. Within each species, brain and liver of select fish contained the highest levels of SSRIs compared to plasma and other tissues, which is generally consistent with human tissue disposition patterns. However, we observed differential accumulation among specific tissue types and species. For example, mean levels of sertraline in brain and liver tissues were 13.4 µg/kg and 1.5 µg/kg in gizzard shad and 1.3 µg/kg and 7.3 µg/kg in longnose gar, respectively. In contrast, smallmouth buffalo did not consistently accumulate SSRIs to detectable levels. Tissue-specific eco-exposome efforts are necessary to understand mechanisms associated with such marked bioaccumulation and internal dispositional differences among freshwater fish species occupying different trophic positions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1894–1902. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Excessive internet use as a risk factor for suicide ideation among university students in Malawi: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mzumara Thokozani 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCovid 19 has fast‐paced the use of technological innovations, mainly the internet. However, Internet use can lead to several behavioral and psychological conditions, such as cyberbullying and distorted relationships, which could lead to suicide ideation. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among young adults.AimTo assess the association between Internet addiction and suicide ideation among university students in Malawi. Furthermore, to assess the factors associated with suicidal thoughts among Malawian college students who surf the World Wide Web.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study utilized secondary research and used data available from https://data.mendeley.com/drafts/xbfbcy5bhv. Internet addiction was measured using the Internet Addiction Test. The dependent variable includes suicide ideation. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsOut of the 620 participants, 514 (82.2%) were aged between 15 and 24. The majority were males 401 (64.7%). The mean IAT score was 46.08 (SD = 14.60). The IAT score was 44.81 (SD = 13.85) among males and 48.40 (SD = 15.65) among females (p = 0.003). About 341 (55%) of students use the internet excessively. Suicide ideation was prevalent among 101 (16.3%) of the students. Suicide ideation was significantly associated with internet addiction. (p < 0.001). The odds of developing suicidal thoughts increased about 3 times among excessive internet users compared to average users (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.213–7.018). However, age, gender, discipline, and year of study were not associated with suicide ideation.ConclusionThe study suggests that internet addiction affects suicide ideation mainly through distorting social relationships. School settings should increase awareness regarding the safe use of the internet to ensure a balance between online and real‐life interactions and curb suicide.
Analysis of factors influencing onset and survival of patients with severe acute pancreatitis: A clinical study
Authors: Qin Xiaoli , Xiang Shili , Li Wenjing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesAcute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas, and the prognosis of severe AP (SAP) is poor. The study aimed to identify promising biomarkers for predicting the occurrence and survival outcome of SAP patients.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and forty AP patients were retrospectively recruited, in which 72 cases with SAP. Blood test was done for collection of laboratory indicators. After treatment, the mortality of patients was recorded.ResultsPatients in the SAP group had higher intensive care unit admissions and longer hospital stays (p < .001). Among laboratory parameters, significantly high values of C‐reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides and glucose (TyG) index, Von willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) and D‐dimer were found in SAP groups relative to non‐SAP ones. Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated the good performance of CRP, TyG index, vWF:Ag and D‐dimer in SAP diagnosis. Among all SAP cases, 51 survived while 21 died. TyG index (odds ratio [OR] = 6.914, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.193–40.068, p = .028), vWF:Ag (OR = 7.441, 95% CI = 1.236–244.815, p = .028), and D‐dimer (OR = 7.987, 95% CI = 1.251–50.997, p = .028) were significantly related to survival outcome of SAP patients by multiple logistic regression analysis. Both TyG index and vWF showed favorable efficiency in predicting overall prognosis. The area under the curve for the multivariate model (PRE = −35.908 + 2.764 × TyG + 0.021 × vWF:Ag) was 0.909 which was greater than 0.9, indicating its excellent performance in prognosis prediction.ConclusionCRP, TyG index, vWF:Ag, and D‐dimer values on admission may be potential clinical predictors of the development of SAP. Moreover, TyG index and vWF:Ag may be helpful to predict survival outcome.
High‐dose sinomenine attenuates ischemia/reperfusion‐induced hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in rats with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hui Bo , Zhang Xiaogang , Dong Dinghui , Shu Yantao , Li Ren , Yang Zhengan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionIschemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury, resulting from blood flow interruption and its subsequent restoration, is a prevalent complication in liver surgery. The liver, as a crucial organ for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, exhibits decreased tolerance to hepatic I/R in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), resulting in a significant increase in hepatic dysfunction following surgery. This may be attributed to elevated oxidative stress and inflammation. Our prior research established sinomenine's (SIN) protective role against hepatic I/R injury. Nevertheless, the impact of SIN on hepatic I/R injury in DM rats remains unexplored.Objective and MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of SIN in hepatic I/R injury in DM rats and elucidate its mechanism. Diabetic and hepatic I/R injury models were established in rats through high‐fat/sugar diet, streptozotocin injection, and hepatic blood flow occlusion. Liver function, oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, histopathology, and Nrf‐2/HO‐1 signaling pathway were evaluated by using UV spectrophotometry, biochemical assays, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, hematoxylin‐eosin staining, and Western blot analysis.ResultsHigh‐dose SIN (300 mg/kg) significantly attenuated hepatic I/R injury in DM rats, reducing serum activities of ALT and AST, decreasing the AST/ALT ratio, enhancing tissue contents of SOD and GSH‐Px, suppressing the levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6, improving the liver histopathology, and activating Nrf‐2/HO‐1 signaling by promoting Nrf‐2 trans‐location from cytoplasm to nucleus. Low‐dose SIN (100 mg/kg) was ineffective.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that high‐dose sinomenine's mitigates hepatic I/R‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus (DM) rats via Nrf‐2/HO‐1 activation, suggesting its potential as a preventive strategy for hepatic I/R injury in DM patients.
The role of autophagy regulated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and innate lymphoid cells in eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Zhuo Jin‐Jing , Wang Chen , Kai Yi‐Long , Xu Ying‐Ying , Cheng Ke‐Jia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and autophagy are important physiological processes. But their roles in eCRSwNP remains controversial.MethodsIn this study, we used the eCRSwNP mouse model, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors, and autophagy inhibitors and activators to investigate the regulatory effects of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway on autophagy, and their effects on eosinophilic inflammation, and tissue remodeling. The role of ILC2s in eCRSwNP was also studied, and the relationship between ILC2s and autophagy was preliminarily determined.ResultsOur results show that eosinophilic inflammation in eCRSwNP mice could be inhibited by promoting the autophagy; otherwise, eosinophilic inflammation could be promoted. Meanwhile, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway can further promote autophagy and inhibit eosinophilic inflammation. Meanwhile, inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and promoting autophagy can reduce the number of ILC2s and the severity of tissue remodeling in the nasal polyps of eCRSwNP mice.ConclusionsWe conclude that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway plays roles in eosinophilic inflammation and tissue remodeling of eCRSwNP, in part by regulating the level of autophagy. The downregulation of autophagy is a pathogenesis of eCRSwNP; therefore, the recovery of normal autophagy levels might be a new target for eCRSwNP therapy. Furthermore, autophagy might inhibit eosinophilic inflammation and tissue remodeling, in part by reducing the number of ILC2s.
Ischemia‐modified albumin in rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mangoni Arduino A. , Zinellu Angelo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe identification of novel, easily measurable disease biomarkers might enhance the diagnosis and management of patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs). We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of ischemia‐modified albumin (IMA), a marker of oxidative stress, acidosis, and ischemia, in RD patients and healthy controls.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to January 15, 2024. The risk of bias and the certainty of evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist and GRADE, respectively.ResultsIn 20 studies investigating a total of 1188 RD patients (mean age 45 years, 64% females) and 981 healthy controls (mean age 44 years, 66% females), RD patients had significantly higher IMA concentrations when compared to controls (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.18−0.83, p = .003; I2 = 92.4%, p < .001; low certainty of evidence). In subgroup analysis, the pooled SMD was significantly different in studies investigating ankylosing spondylitis (p < .001), Behçet's disease (p < .001), and rheumatoid arthritis (p = .033), but not familial Mediterranean fever (p = .48). Further associations were observed between the pooled SMD and the broad classification of autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory diseases, the study country, and the method used to measure IMA.ConclusionOur study suggests that IMA is a promising biomarker of oxidative stress, acidosis, and ischemia, as it can effectively discriminate between patients with different types of RDs and healthy controls. Our results warrant confirmation in longitudinal studies of patients with different types of RDs and different ethnicities (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024509126).
The implications of estimating rarity in Brazilian reptiles from GBIF data based on contributions from citizen science versus research institutions
Authors: Forti Lucas Rodriguez , da Silva Jandson Lucas Camelo , Ferreira Eveline Almeida , Szabo Judit K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the distribution of rare species is important for conservation prioritisation. Traditionally, museums and other research institutions have served as depositories for specimens and biodiversity information. However, estimating abundance from these sources is challenging due to spatiotemporally biased collection methods. For instance, large‐bodied reptiles that are found near research institutions or in popular, easily accessible sites tend to be overrepresented in collections compared to smaller species found in remote areas. Recently, a substantial number of observations have been amassed through citizen (or community) science initiatives, which are invaluable for monitoring purposes. Given the unstructured nature of this sampling, these datasets are often affected by biases, such as taxonomic, spatial and temporal preferences. Therefore, analysing data from these two sources can lead to different abundance estimates. This study compiled data on Brazilian reptile species from the Global Information Biodiversity Facility (GBIF). It employed a community‐ecology approach to analyse data from research institutions and citizen science initiatives, separately and collectively, to assess taxonomic and spatial species coverage and predict species rarity. Using a 1‐degree hexagonal grid, we analysed the spatial distribution of reptile communities and calculated rarity indices for 754 reptile species. Our findings reveal that 87 species were exclusively recorded in the citizen science subset, while 212 were recorded only by research institutions. The number of observations per species in the citizen science data followed a Gambin distribution, which aligns with the expected pattern of abundance in natural communities, unlike the data from research institutions. This suggests that citizen science data may be a more accurate source for estimating species abundance and rarity. The discrepancies in rarity classifications between the datasets were likely due to differences in sample size and potentially other sampling parameters. Nevertheless, combining data collected by both research institutions and citizen science initiatives can help to fill knowledge gaps in reptile species occurrence, thus enhancing the foundation for conservation efforts on a national scale.
Usefulness of health checkup‐based indices in identifying metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Miwa Takao , Tajirika Satoko , Imamura Nanako , Adachi Miho , Horita Ryo , Hanai Tatsunori , Ng Cheng Han , Siddiqui Mohammad Shadab , Fukao Taku , Shimizu Masahito , Yamamoto Mayumi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsThe application of indices in the context of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unexplored. We aimed to validate the ability of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), fatty liver index (FLI), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) to identify MASLD during health checkups.MethodsWe recruited 627 participants and utilized their health checkup data and ultrasound to assess the potential of using ALT, FLI, and HSI as indices for MASLD; this was indicated by the area under the curve (AUC) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. The optimal, rule‐out (sensitivity ≥90%), and rule‐in (specificity ≥90%) cutoff values of each index for identifying MASLD were reported.ResultsAmong participants with a median age of 46 years, the prevalence of MASLD was 28% in total (38% in males and 18% in females). RCS models confirmed a linear association between indices and MASLD. ROC analyses indicated that the AUC of ALT in identifying MASLD was 0.79 for the total cohort, 0.81 for males, and 0.69 for females. The optimal, rule‐out, and rule‐in cutoff values for ALT were 21, 13, and 29, respectively. Similarly, the AUC of FLI/HSI in identifying MASLD was 0.90/0.88 for the total cohort, 0.86/0.85 for males, and 0.93/0.90 for females. Considering the reference cutoff values, distinct cutoff values were observed between the sexes for FLI, while HSI had similar cutoff values.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that ALT > 30 IU/L is a reasonable cutoff value to rule‐in MASLD. ALT, FLI, and HSI are reliable indices for identifying MASLD during health checkups.