bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mit China reden, handeln und forschen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: July 2010

AbstractDie von der Dechema seit 1989 alle drei Jahre organisierte Achemasia wies in diesem Jahr Rekordzahlen auf. Mehr Aussteller zeigten mehr Besuchern ihre Exponate auf einer größeren Fläche und beide Gruppen waren internationaler besetzt als im Jahr 2004.
Der heimliche Katalysator
Authors: Guggolz Ernst 
Published: July 2010

AbstractOhne großes Aufheben wuchs ein in Bayern verwurzelter Konzern in weltweite Dimensionen: Die Süd‐Chemie, eines der ältesten deutschen Chemieunternehmen, sieht mit Katalysatoren und Adsorbentien seine gute Zukunft weiter in der Spezialchemie.
The redox‐sensing regulator YodB senses quinones and diamide via a thiol‐disulfide switch in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Chi Bui Khanh , Albrecht Dirk , Gronau Katrin , Becher Dörte , Hecker Michael , Antelmann Haike 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe MarR/DUF24‐type repressor YodB controls the azoreductase AzoR1, the nitroreductase YodC and the redox‐sensing regulator Spx in response to quinones and diamide in Bacillus subtilis. Previously, we showed using a yodBCys6‐Ala mutant that the conserved Cys6 apparently contributes to the DNA‐binding activity of YodB in vivo. Here, we present data that mutation of Cys6 to Ser led to a form of the protein that was reduced in redox‐sensing in response to diamide and 2‐methylhydroquinone (MHQ) in vivo. DNA‐binding experiments indicate that YodB is regulated by a reversible thiol‐modification in response to diamide and MHQ in vitro. Redox‐regulation of YodB involves Cys6‐Cys101' intermolecular disulfide formation by diamide and quinones in vitro. Diagonal Western blot analyses confirm the formation of intersubunit disulfides in YodB in vivo that require the conserved Cys6 and either of the C‐terminal Cys101' or Cys108' residues. This study reveals a thiol‐disulfide switch model of redox‐regulation for the YodB repressor to sense electrophilic compounds in vivo.
Application of analytical solutions in trapezoidal compound channel flow
Authors: Zeng Y. H. , Guymer I. , Spence K. J. , Huai W. X. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe accuracy of predictions using an analytical model for a lateral depth varying open channel flow can be affected by the friction factor and the dimensionless eddy viscosity. In this paper, different approaches to determine these two parameters are discussed by comparing analytical results with experimental data obtained from a symmetrical trapezoidal compound open channel. To reflect different hydraulic characteristics along the wetted perimeter, the trapezoidal cross‐section was divided into several sub‐sections, and the friction factor in each sub‐section was calculated with Manning's formula by adopting local hydraulic parameters. The wetted perimeters of main channel and side slope included the interface between panels to reflect the effects of the lateral momentum exchange. This approach is shown to be effective once the roughness coefficients and hydraulic radius in different sub‐regions have been determined. The results show that the friction factor is the major parameter affecting the accuracy of the analytical solution. The effect of dimensionless eddy viscosity on the precision of predictions is much smaller, which means that for practical applications, the dimensionless eddy viscosity can be determined empirically. Inclusion of a term for secondary flows in the model can improve the prediction, especially in the transition from main channel to the floodplain. A reasonable prediction of the lateral distribution of depth mean Reynolds' stress in this region is obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Western hemispheric trade agreements and sustainability: Lesson from butterflies, hummingbirds, and salty anchovies
Authors: Miller Van V. , Crespy Charles T. , Loess Kurt H. , Renau José A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe relationship between international commerce and sustainable development is the subject of much controversy that is exacerbated by geographic boundaries that are co‐jointly developed, shaped, and sustained by regional trade agreements. The outcomes of three Americas trade agreements – NAFTA, CAFTA, and USPTPA – are analyzed across three dimensions: economic, ecological, and labor. The three dimensions collectively form for each trade region a specific ECOL niche that is concurrently subject to national variation. We propose and find that low‐ECOL niches in the Americas appear to attract more foreign trade with investment. Nevertheless, this tentative finding seems not to hold for those corporations that seek out strong ECOL niche countries like Costa Rica. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Concise Review: Kidney Stem/Progenitor Cells: Differentiate, Sort Out, or Reprogram?
Authors: Pleniceanu Oren , Harari-Steinberg Orit , Dekel Benjamin 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as the inability of the kidneys to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood. ESRD progresses from earlier stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and occurs when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is below 15 ml/minute/1.73 m2. CKD and ESRD are dramatically rising due to increasing aging population, population demographics, and the growing rate of diabetes and hypertension. Identification of multipotential stem/progenitor populations in mammalian tissues is important for therapeutic applications and for understanding developmental processes and tissue homeostasis. Progenitor populations are ideal targets for gene therapy, cell transplantation, and tissue engineering. The demand for kidney progenitors is increasing due to severe shortage of donor organs. Because dialysis and transplantation are currently the only successful therapies for ESRD, cell therapy offers an alternative approach for kidney diseases. However, this approach may be relevant only in earlier stages of CKD, when kidney function and histology are still preserved, allowing for the integration of cells and/or for their paracrine effects, but not when small and fibrotic end-stage kidneys develop. Although blood- and bone marrow-derived stem cells hold a therapeutic promise, they are devoid of nephrogenic potential, emphasizing the need to seek kidney stem cells beyond known extrarenal sources. Moreover, controversies regarding the existence of a true adult kidney stem cell highlight the importance of studying cell-based therapies using pluripotent cells, progenitor cells from fetal kidney, or dedifferentiated/reprogrammed adult kidney cells.
Ten Tips for Teaching in the Theatre Tearoom: Shifting the Focus from Teaching to Learning
Authors: Jeffree Rosalind L. , Clarke Rufus M. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractEducational encounters between surgeons and trainees are often brief, spontaneous, opportunistic events. In spite of their vast teaching experience, very few surgeons have had educational training that enables them to optimise such opportunities. This article reviews the literature on medical education and adult learning, and makes practical suggestions about how surgeons can best help trainees to learn. The most important ideas, such as creating a supportive learning environment, actively engaging the learner, and providing constructive feedback, are relevant to any teaching and learning, but are particularly applicable to informal, on‐the‐job educational encounters such as teaching in the theatre tearoom.
Drilling Into Faults Quickly After Earthquakes
Authors: Brodsky Emily E. , Mori Jim , Fulton Patrick M. 
Published: July 2010

What will it take to advance from current empirical models of earthquake initiation and fault slip to a full physics‐based understanding of rupture processes? The most important requirements include knowledge of absolute stress levels on the fault during an earthquake, how stresses recover afterward to prepare for the next event, how one earthquake promotes or inhibits another, and how material properties of a particular fault affect its propensity to fail catastrophically rather than creep.Immediately after a large earthquake, an opportunity exists to fill these knowledge gaps. For a few years after a major earthquake, the fault is observably changing and a deep borehole can capture measurable signals to address the key questions.
Integrative classification and analysis of multiple arrayCGH datasets with probe alignment
Authors: Tian Ze , Kuang Rui 
Published: July 2010

Abstract
Motivation: Array comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH) is widely used to measure DNA copy numbers in cancer research. ArrayCGH data report log-ratio intensities of thousands of probes sampled along the chromosomes. Typically, the choices of the locations and the lengths of the probes vary in different experiments. This discrepancy in choosing probes poses a challenge in integrated classification or analysis across multiple arrayCGH datasets. We propose an alignment-based framework to integrate arrayCGH samples generated from different probe sets. The alignment framework seeks an optimal alignment between the probe series of one arrayCGH sample and the probe series of another sample, intended to find the maximum possible overlap of DNA copy number variations between the two measured chromosomes. An alignment kernel is introduced for integrative patient sample classification and a multiple alignment algorithm is also introduced for identifying common regions with copy number aberrations.
Results: The probe alignment kernel and the MPA algorithm were experimented to integrate three bladder cancer datasets as well as artificial datasets. In the experiments, by integrating arrayCGH samples from multiple datasets, the probe alignment kernel used with support vector machines significantly improved patient sample classification accuracy over other baseline kernels. The experiments also demonstrated that the multiple probe alignment (MPA) algorithm can find common DNA aberrations that cannot be identified with the standard interpolation method. Furthermore, the MPA algorithm also identified many known bladder cancer DNA aberrations containing four known bladder cancer genes, three of which cannot be detected by interpolation.
Availability: http://www.cs.umn.edu/compbio/ProbeAlign
Contact: kuang@cs.umn.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Physical, Compositional, and Wet Milling Characteristics of Grain from Crosses of Corn Inbreds with Exotic and Nonexotic Background
Authors: Taboada‐Gaytan Oswaldo , Pollak Linda M. , Johnson Lawrence A. , Fox Steven R. , Montgomery Kevin T. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTCorn breeders have developed hybrids with enhanced compositional characteristics, but exotic germplasm represents little of the germplasm base used to produce these hybrids. Effects of the exotic germplasm on physical, compositional, and wet‐milling properties as well as the proximate composition of recovered fractions need to be determined before these materials are of value to the corn processing industry. Ten lines from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project with exotic germplasm introgressed from Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Cuba, and Florida were crossed to three adapted inbred lines (testers) and grain from the resulting 30 hybrids were evaluated for physical, compositional, and wet‐milling characteristics and the expression of heterosis in these variables. The B73xMo17 adapted public hybrid was used as control. Grain obtained by self‐pollination of the hybrid plants was analyzed using near‐infrared transmittance (NIT) technology and a 100‐g wet‐milling procedure. There was great variation among physical, compositional, and wet‐milling characteristics, and some of the experimental hybrids with exotic origin had better starch yield and starch recovery than B73xMo17, which suggests that wet‐milling characteristics of U.S. hybrids can be improved by breeding with exotic germplasm. In particular, GEM breeding crosses AR16035:S19, CH05015:N15, CUBA117:S1520, and FS8B(T):N1802 could be valuable germplasm sources to produce inbreds with good milling properties. Testers varied in ability to produce hybrids with good milling properties, indicating that choice of tester is an important factor when evaluating this end use. Although general trait trends for mid‐ and high‐parent heterosis were revealed, individual variation among hybrids and testers was large for most traits. This demonstrates the importance of analyzing individual hybrids that are intended for the wet‐milling industry when breeding with exotic introgressed lines.
Acrodermatitis enteropathica with anorexia nervosa
Authors: KIM Sang Tae , KANG Jin Seuk , BAEK Jae Woo , KIM Tae Kwon , LEE Jin Woo , JEON Young Seung , SUH Kee Suck 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAcrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare hereditary or acquired disorder of hypozincemia. It is characterized by acral and periorificial dermatitis, alopecia, diarrhea and growth retardation. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by low body weight, body image distortion with an obsessive fear and is also associated with various cutaneous findings including acrodermatitis enteropathica. We report a 37‐year‐old female with acrodermatitis enteropathica showing acquired zinc deficiency with anorexia nervosa.
Opposite effects of two nonstructural proteins of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus regulates apoptotic cell death in BHK‐21 cells
Authors: Okuwa Takako , Taniura Naoko , Saito Mineki , Himeda Toshiki , Ohara Yoshiro 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTTheiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is divided into two subgroups, TO and GDVII, inducing subgroup‐specific diseases. In order to investigate the role(s) of nonstructural proteins of TMEV, L and L*, leaders of two subgroups, were separately expressed with or without L* in BHK‐21 cells. Expression of L increased the number of apoptotic cells. L*/BHK‐21 cells constitutively expressing L* showed the decrease in cell death induced by L. These results suggest that L and L* regulate apoptosis during viral infection and contribute to TMEV subgroup‐specific biological activities.
Inhibition of prostanoid synthesis by human gastric mucosa
Authors: TAVARES I. A. , COLLINS P. O. , BENNETT A. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) damage the gastric mucosa, and an important part of this effect is probably due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. We have therefore studied various drugs for their ability to reduce prostaglandin and thromboxane formation by human isolated gastric mucosa. The overall relative potencies for inhibiting the endogenous production of PGE, 6‐keto‐PGF1α and thromboxane B2 by mucosal pieces was generally: indomethacin = naproxen > ibuprofen > piroxicam; diflunisal, the prodrug sulindac, and the analgesic paracetamol usually had small or variable effects. This rank order was mainly similar to the inhibition of gastric microsomal PGE2 formation from exogenous arachidonic acid, the relative potencies being: indomethacin > naproxen > ibuprofen = piroxicam = diflunisal; again sulindac and paracetamol had little or no effect. The relative propensity of NSAIDs to cause gastric mucosal damage is controversial, but aspirin and indomethacin may be worst, and ibuprofen seems to be among the safest. Potency as an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis correlates better with the reported propensity for damage than does potency dose. For reasons that are given in the discussion, this may indicate that gastric mucosal damage by NSAIDs with short or moderate half‐lives is due largely to locally absorbed drug. Whereas inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis is probably the major cause of the damage, the simultaneous reduction of thromboxane formation might be advantageous for gastric mucosal integrity. Various implications arise from our hypotheses concerning the design of anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Effect of omeprazole on lower oesophageal function in normal subjects
Authors: CHAKRABORTY T. K. , DE CAESTECKER J. S. , PRYDE A. , HEADING R. C. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYIn a double‐blind crossover study, lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (LOSP) and distal oesophageal motility were studied in eight healthy volunteers following a single intravenous dose of omeprazole or placebo. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was determined before and at intervals up to 120 min after intravenous administration of 40 mg omeprazole or placebo. No effects on LOSP or distal oesophageal motility were observed.
Review article: antibiotics and the gut
Authors: PITHIE A. D. , ELLIS C. J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAntibiotics have an important place in the management of gastrointestinal disease. Recent studies have demonstrated efficacy in acute bacterial gastroenteritis caused by salmonellae and campylobacteriaceae, shigellae and enterotoxigenic strains of E coli (ETEC). Tetracycline remains effective in cholera.Antibiotic resistance is widespread amongst the enteric pathogens and can quickly spread during epidemics of infective diarrhoeas. It is important that antibiotics are reserved for the treatment of serious infections lest their effectiveness in these conditions be lost. Campylobacter pylori appears to be an important cause of chronic active gastritis and is amenable to treatment with antibiotics and bismuth salts. The role of C. pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease is not yet established but there is mounting evidence that antibiotic treatment will have a place in the treatment of this common condition. The effect of antibiotics on the normal intestinal microflora can have serious consequences. It is a major cause of resistance in urinary tract pathogens, can result in outbreaks of hospital infection with resistant organisms and frequently results in C. difficile associated diarrhoea.
Early histological features of small intestinal injury induced by indomethacin
Authors: ANTHONY A. , DHILLON A. P. , NYGARD G. , HUDSON M. , PIASECKI C. , STRONG P. , TREVETHICK M. A. , CLAYTON N. M. , JORDAN C. C. , POUNDER R. E. , WAKEFIELD A. J. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYThe early histological features of indomethacin‐induced jejunal injury in the rat are described in tissues preserved by perfusion‐fixation with 10% formolsaline. After an oral dose of indomethacin (15 mg/kg, known to cause severe multifocal ulceration of the rat jejunum), groups of rats were anaesthetized with subsequent perfusion‐fixation of the gastrointestinal tract at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 48 h after dosing. Using routine light microscopic techniques, we have observed a sequence of four distinct stages, in time, of small intestinal injury. The earliest histological features were shortening of the villi, epithelial stratification, basal lamina degeneration, eosinophil degranulation and infiltration of the epithelium prior to infiltration of the mucosa by neutrophils. We consider that these earliest changes, seen at 1, 2 and 3 h, represent a distinct histological entity termed Type 1 change or villous ‘tufting’. Type 2 change includes all of the features of Type 1 change plus the subsequent infiltration of the mucosa by neutrophils at 2, 3 and 6 h. Type 3 change includes necrosis of the upper‐third of the villi and was mainly seen at 3 and 6 h. Type 4 change describes extreme injury to more than one‐third of the mucosa with severe, acute inflammation and perforation of the bowel wall by 48 h. Although a small number of neutrophils had appeared to infiltrate the mucosa as early as 2 h after dosing, they were only significantly increased at 3, 6 and 48 h. Possible pathogenic mechanisms involved in shortening of villi as a result of smooth muscle contraction and the role of mucosal eosinophils in NSAID‐induced jejunal injury in the rat are discussed.
Enhancement of cytoprotective ability and cell restoration in 70‐kDa heat shock protein gene‐transfected rat gastric mucosal cells
Authors: OTAKA M. , MATSUHASHI T. , ODASHIMA M. , ITOH H. , JIN M. , WADA I. , KOMATSU K. , HORIKAWA Y. , OHBA R. , OYAKE J. , HATAKEYAMA N. , WATANABE S. 
Published: July 2010

SummaryBackgroundMany recent studies have indicated the importance of heat shock proteins for cell survival under stress conditions. Some heat shock proteins are known to be involved in cytoprotection against environmental stresses, through their function as ‘molecular chaperones’.AimTo examine the biological characteristics of HSP70 gene‐transfected gastric mucosal cells.Materials and methodsComplimentary DNA of human HSP70 gene was transfected to RGM‐1 cells (rat gastric mucosal cell line) and HSP70 highly‐expressing cells were selected and cloned. A single clone (7018‐RGM‐1), which highly expressed HSP70 compared with RGM‐1, was used in this study. Cytoprotective ability against H2O2 or ethanol was analysed by WST‐assay and LDH‐release. Wound restoration of artificially created wounds was also compared between RGM‐1 and 7018‐RGM‐1 cells.ResultsWe successfully cloned HSP70 highly‐expressing gastric mucosal cells, which expressed a level of HSP70 equal to 350% of that of RGM‐1 cells. Over‐expression of HSP70 clearly enhanced cytoprotective ability against H2O2 or ethanol‐induced cell damage. Wound restoration was enhanced in 7018‐RGM‐1 cells compared with RGM‐1 cells.ConclusionOur results suggested that expression of HSP70 might play important roles not only in cytoprotection but also in mucosal wound restoration, mediated by the molecular chaperone function of HSP70.
Meta‐analysis: mortality in Crohn’s disease
Authors: CANAVAN C. , ABRAMS K. R. , MAYBERRY J. F. 
Published: July 2010

SUMMARYAimTo perform a meta‐analysis is of published literature reporting standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for Crohn’s patients from 1970 to date.MethodsMedline search identified relevant papers. Exploding references identified additional papers. When two papers reviewed mortality of one patient group at different times, the later publication was used.ResultsOf 13 papers identified, three studies reported SMR below 1.0, two others had confidence intervals including 1.0. All other studies reported mortality higher than the general population. Meta‐analysis using a random effects model shows the pooled estimate for SMR in Crohn’s disease is 1.52 (95% CI: 1.32 to 1.74 [P < 0.0001]). Meta‐regression shows the SMR for these patients has decreased slightly over the past 30 years, but this decrease is not statistically significant (P = 0.08).ConclusionAssessing evidence from original studies and conducting a meta‐analysis shows age‐adjusted mortality risk from Crohn’s disease is over 50% greater than the general population. Whilst mortality has improved since the condition was first recognized, further evaluation of the patients studied in the cohorts included here is necessary to assess more recent changes in clinical practice.