bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caste and religious diversity on formation of social capital
Authors: Sengupta Jhumur , Sarkar Debnarayan 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the impact of caste and religious diversity on individual‐level social capital.Design/methodology/approachBased on the World Bank's field tested assessment tools, SOCAT, the field survey of the authors' study considers data related to most of the indicators of social capital. This study considers stratified random sampling method. The selection of four municipalities was done by purposive method and the data include information on 440 households from four municipal wards chosen from four municipalities of West Bengal. Out of four municipalities, two are most homogenous (Serampore) and most heterogeneous (Ashoke Nagar Kalyan Garh) along caste dimension and the other two are most homogenous (Purulia) and most heterogeneous (Santipur) religion based municipalities. Caste and religious heterogeneity are measured by an index of ethnic fractionalization, ETHNIC; the index calculates the probability that two randomly‐chosen individuals will not belong to the same group.FindingsUsing different measures of social capital, results of the analysis strongly support adverse effect of ethnicity on individual non‐structural social capital. The data set and results imply that for every dimension, the formation of social capital for each individual is higher among same (homogeneous) individuals along caste and religious dimensions in their social sphere. Moreover the level of structural social capital in the form of associations and cognitive form are lower than individual form of non‐structural social capital for each individual, irrespective of interactions between same or different (heterogeneous) types.Originality/valueThe study is important in that it tries to explore the impact of diversity along caste and religious dimensions on the non‐structural individual social capital, in an Indian context; whereas all the previous literature focuses on diversity along ethno‐linguistic and racial lines and most of these studies consider social capital at aggregative level.
Viable or vital? Evaluation of IM services from patrons' perspectives
Authors: Chang Jung‐Jung , Yang Chyan 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe goal of this study is to gather information from library patrons to answer the questions of whether real‐time reference services (instant messaging, IM) are beneficial to patrons and how valuable they are to fulfilling their task needs. The study was designed to elicit information about how patrons were dealing with the rapidly changing technological environment, and how helpful they felt IM reference services were to them.Design/methodology/approachThe investigation uses the technology acceptance model (TAM) as the basic framework and extends it by the variable of perceived relevance (PR) which intends to extend understanding of the adoption of IM services. The sample consisted of three university libraries' patrons on the basis of convenience, and 323 usable responses were obtained.FindingsThis research found general support for TAM. Specifically, the findings show that perceived ease of use of IM services is the key factor for the patrons' attitudes about the IM service. Overall, the model explained 58 percent of the variance in behaviour intention. Thus, the results show that the proposed model does satisfactorily explain the adoption of the IM service.Originality/valueThe findings of this research provide some useful insights into a patron's behavioural intention toward adoption of an IM service which will stimulate thought about real‐time reference services that could be offered by other libraries. And it will be valuable for better understanding of factors affecting the determinants of IM acceptance, which allows libraries to devise more effective approaches to improving the patrons' perceptions of a target system and thereby boost subsequent acceptance of the system.
Advanced surface protection for improved reliability PCB systems (ASPIS)
Authors: Ballantyne Andy , Forrest Greg , Goosey Martin , Griguceviciene Asta , Juodkazyte Jurga , Kellner Rod , Kosenko Aleksandr , Ramanauskas Rimantas , Ryder Karl , Selskis Algirdas , Tarozaite Rima , Veninga Erik 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to detail progress on the European Commission supported FP7 ASPIS project that is undertaking a multi‐faceted approach to develop novel and improved nickel‐gold (ENIG) solderable finish chemistries and processes in order to overcome issues such as “black pad” that are known to cause reliability issues.Design/methodology/approachThe ASPIS project has four key and discrete approaches; research into “black pad” formation mechanisms, development of new aqueous chemical deposition methods, formulation of new processes based on ionic liquids and the development of prognostic screening tools to enable early prediction of reliability issues.FindingsKey factors influencing “black pad” formation include immersion gold bath pH value, concentration of citrate and thickness of the immersion gold layer. In addition, copper substrate preparation is also important. Work to develop new metal deposition processes using ionic liquids has also been demonstrated and may provide a viable alternative to more conventional aqueous based chemistries, thereby enabling some of the conditions that lead to “black pad” to be avoided.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper summarises the work carried out in the first year of a three‐year project and so the outputs to date are relatively limited. The project is continuing for another two years, when further progress will be made. It is hoped to report this progress in a future update paper.Originality/valueThe ASPIS project has undertaken multiple approaches to the development of new high reliability nickel gold finishes and this combination of approaches should offer synergies over more discrete traditional methodologies. As well as undertaking a detailed analysis of the mechanisms causing reliability problems, radical new formulation and prognostic approaches are also being developed.
Marketing as an applied science: lessons from other business disciplines
Authors: Hughes Tim , Bence David , Grisoni Louise , O'Regan Nicholas , Wornham David 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThis paper seeks to investigate what the marketing field can learn, with regard to the academic/practitioner divide, from other management disciplines that have a range of different relationships with their respective practitioners.Design/methodology/approachThe authors carried out 68 interviews of academics, practitioners and experts/consultants involved in academic/practitioner engagement from the marketing, accountancy, strategic management and organisation studies disciplines.FindingsThe most interesting aspects relate to two areas: exclusive engagement (as exemplified in accountancy) versus inclusive engagement (as exemplified in strategic management), and the practices associated with participative research (as exemplified in organisation studies). The appropriate approach to engagement will depend on the nature of the relationship between the academic field and its particular community of practitioners.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited to academics, practitioners and experts/consultants operating from the UK. However, the findings on the challenges of engagement are consistent with those reported in the extant literature.Practical implicationsThe first implication relates to defining what we mean when we talk about “practice”. The literature is often vague with regard to this. Does it relate to functional professionals or a far wider group of non‐specialists? A useful starting point might be to conduct an audit to clarify where aspects of marketing theory are relevant. The second implication relates to what needs to be done to engage with non‐inclusive groups of practitioners. Some conditions required for success are outlined.Originality/valueThe paper explores a knowledge gap in relation to the practice of engagement. It identifies why it is important to debate the nature of the practitioner community, and provides some guidelines for effective engagement.
Foreign women in Japanese television advertising
Authors: Martin Drew 
Published: February 2012

PurposeAcculturation theory shows how foreign actors have evolved in Japanese television commercials. If advertising mirrors culture, foreign businesses trying to advertise products in Japan need to be aware of societal changes and tailor their messages to the preferences of the local population. This paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis explores the changing role of foreign female actors in Japanese television advertising for the years 1992 and 2002. Advertisements' setting, roles, appeals, and verbal and nonverbal communications are tested by chi‐square analysis.FindingsAds from the 2002 data set show increases in both traditional and modern themes in regards to the location of the ads, roles foreign females play, the advertising appeals, and the use of Japanese communication modalities. The findings suggest that advertisers are consciously or unconsciously incorporating cultural assimilation when ads include foreign actors.Research limitations/implicationsAcculturation theory is useful for explaining cultural shifts to develop more effective advertising messages. Differences in portrayals of foreign people in advertising reflect changes in cultural values that appear to be changing more rapidly due to global trade and communication technology innovations.Practical implicationsRecognizing shifts in cultural norms allows marketers to more effectively communicate with target audiences. Advertisers employing foreign actors may find their messages more effective if local cultural assimilation is used.Originality/valueThis paper identifies and examines changes in communication modalities to show foreign actors displaying Japanese mannerisms. The evidence suggests cultural norms evolve sometimes quickly over time. Even advertisers using a localized approach must carefully monitor changes in cultural norms to assure message effectiveness.
Sustainable value chain analysis – a case study of Oxford Landing from “vine to dine”
Authors: Soosay Claudine , Fearne Andrew , Dent Benjamin 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThe paper shows how sustainable value chain analysis (SVCA) can be used as a diagnostic tool to identify misalignment between resource allocation and consumer preferences, using a case study of the Oxford Landing wine chain, from South Australia to the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe study incorporates a combination of value chain analysis (VCA) and life cycle analysis (LCA) in a single methodology to determine which activities, at each stage in the supply chain, create value (in the eyes of consumers) and the contribution of these activities to greenhouse gas emissions.FindingsThe case study demonstrates the value of comparing the consumer value associated with a particular activity with the emissions associated with that activity, as this draws the attention of managers, at each stage of the supply chain, to the potential trade‐offs that exist and the danger of focusing on either one (adding value or reducing emissions) in isolation.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the research methodology is that the study focuses on a single product (Oxford Landing) and a single chain to a single country (UK). Thus, it is difficult to generalise from the results of this single case study to the (South Australian) wine industry in general, without further information from other wineries and consumer perceptions of their brands in different parts of the world.Practical implicationsThe case study highlights the importance of taking a holistic view when considering the sustainability of a product, process or chain – trade‐offs between environmental benefits and consumer perceptions of value can have significant commercial implications. It also illustrates the potential for SVCA to be used as a guide for the allocation of research and development expenditure (public and private) in pursuit of sustainable competitive advantage.Originality/valueThe study is the first to combine LCA with VCA in a context that allows researchers, practitioners and policymakers to identify areas for improvement, in what they do and how they do it.
Treating sexual offenders with intellectual limitations in the community
Authors: Craig Leam A. , Stringer Ian , Sanders Cheryl E. 
Published: February 2012

PurposeThis study summarises the results of a cognitive‐behavioural treatment group for sexual offenders (n=14) with intellectual limitations in the community.Design/methodology/approachAll participants were convicted sex offenders serving probation orders or prison licences who attended a 14‐month treatment programme designed for sex offenders with intellectual limitations. The programme comprised of five main components: sex education; cognitive distortions; offending cycle; victim empathy; and relapse prevention. All participants completed psychometric measures specifically designed for people with intellectual limitations before and immediately after completing the treatment programme. The four core measures include: Victim Empathy; Sexual Attitudes and Knowledge Assessment (SAK); Questionnaire on Attitudes Consistent with Sexual Offenders (QACSO); and Sex Offences Self‐Appraisal Scale (SOSAS).FindingsPost assessment results reveal significant improvements in sexual offence related attitudes; reductions in attitudes relating to cognitive distortions and pro‐sexual assault beliefs; and significant improvements in victim empathy.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough none of the participants have been reconvicted for committing new sexual offences during the follow‐up period, given that the follow‐up was restricted to 12 months post‐treatment, it is not possible to conclude this intervention was successful in reducing risk of sexual recidivism.Originality/valueThe results from this study support the use of cognitive‐behavioural approaches in demonstrating positive cognitive shift (reconstructing cognitive distortions and attitudes to victim empathy) for sexual offenders with intellectual limitations.
Second‐level hospital health professionals’ attitudes to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents seeking health for their children
Authors: Chapman Rose , Watkins Rochelle , Zappia Tess , Combs Shane , Shields Linda 
Published: February 2012

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents accessing health care for their children.Background. Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender parents can be reluctant to reveal their sexual orientation to health professionals, and consequently, they may not receive adequate or timely provision of health care. Currently, there is little research in this area.Design. Descriptive, comparative study of 86 health professionals using a cross‐sectional survey design with a set of validated, anonymous questionnaires.Method. Associations between variables were assessed using chi‐squared tests of independence, and differences between groups were assessed using the Mann–WhitneyU‐test or the Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance test. Content analysis was used to examine responses to open‐ended questions.Results. Knowledge and attitude scores were significantly associated with race, religious beliefs, frequency of attendance at religious services and having a friend who is openly lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender.Conclusions. Information gained from this study will assist clinicians and hospital management to develop policies and practices that ensure lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender families receive equitable, high‐quality and holistic health care.Relevance to clinical practice. Properly implemented family‐centred care is an ideal model to provide care for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender families. However, the benefits of family‐centred care can only be realised fully if health professionals delivering that care are sensitive to the context, functions and constructs of all the families they encounter.
Natural outbreak of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infection in wild giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), and other wild fish in northern Queensland, Australia
Authors: Bowater R O , Forbes‐Faulkner J , Anderson I G , Condon K , Robinson B , Kong F , Gilbert G L , Reynolds A , Hyland S , McPherson G , Brien J O’ , Blyde D 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNinety‐three giant Queensland grouper, Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch), were found dead in Queensland, Australia, from 2007 to 2011. Most dead fish occurred in northern Queensland, with a peak of mortalities in Cairns in June 2008. In 2009, sick wild fish including giant sea catfish, Arius thalassinus (Rüppell), and javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier), also occurred in Cairns. In 2009 and 2010, two disease epizootics involving wild stingrays occurred at Sea World marine aquarium. Necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology and PCR determined that the cause of deaths of 12 giant Queensland grouper, three wild fish, six estuary rays, Dasyatis fluviorum (Ogilby), one mangrove whipray, Himantura granulata (Macleay), and one eastern shovelnose ray, Aptychotrema rostrata (Shaw), was Streptococcus agalactiae septicaemia. Biochemical testing of 34 S. agalactiae isolates from giant Queensland grouper, wild fish and stingrays showed all had identical biochemical profiles. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates confirmed all isolates were S. agalactiae; genotyping of selected S. agalactiae isolates showed the isolates from giant Queensland grouper were serotype Ib, whereas isolates from wild fish and stingrays closely resembled serotype II. This is the first report of S. agalactiae from wild giant Queensland grouper and other wild tropical fish and stingray species in Queensland, Australia.
Oral DNA vaccination of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus using PLGA [Poly(D,L‐Lactic‐Co‐Glycolic Acid)] nanoparticles
Authors: Adomako M , St‐Hilaire S , Zheng Y , Eley J , Marcum R D , Sealey W , Donahower B C , LaPatra S , Sheridan P P 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA DNA vaccine against infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is effective at protecting rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, against disease, but intramuscular injection is required and makes the vaccine impractical for use in the freshwater rainbow trout farming industry. Poly (D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved polymer that can be used to deliver DNA vaccines. We evaluated the in vivo absorption of PLGA nanoparticles containing coumarin‐6 when added to a fish food pellet. We demonstrated that rainbow trout will eat PLGA nanoparticle coated feed and that these nanoparticles can be detected in the epithelial cells of the lower intestine within 96 h after feeding. We also detected low levels of gene expression and anti‐IHNV neutralizing antibodies when fish were fed or intubated with PLGA nanoparticles containing IHNV G gene plasmid. A virus challenge evaluation suggested a slight increase in survival at 6 weeks post‐vaccination in fish that received a high dose of the oral vaccine, but there was no difference when additional fish were challenged at 10 weeks post‐vaccination. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to induce an immune response using an orally delivered DNA vaccine, but the current system needs improvement.
Mathematical review of the energy transduction stoichiometries of C4 leaf photosynthesis under limiting light
Authors: YIN XINYOU , STRUIK PAUL C. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTA generalized model for electron (e‐) transport limited C4 photosynthesis of NAD–malic enzyme and NADP–malic enzyme subtypes is presented. The model is used to review the thylakoid stoichiometries in vivo under strictly limiting light conditions, using published data on photosynthetic quantum yield and on photochemical efficiencies of photosystems (PS). Model review showed that cyclic e‐ transport (CET), rather than direct O2 photoreduction, most likely contributed significantly to the production of extra ATP required for the C4 cycle. Estimated CET, and non‐cyclic e‐ transport supporting processes like nitrogen reduction, accounted for ca. 45 and 7% of total photosystem I (PSI) e‐ fluxes, respectively. The factor for excitation partitioning to photosystem II (PSII) was ca. 0.4. Further model analysis, in terms of the balanced NADPH : ATP ratio required for metabolism, indicated that: (1) the Q‐cycle is obligatory; (2) the proton : ATP ratio is 4; and (3) the efficiency of proton pumping per e‐ transferred through the cytochrome b6/f complex is the same for CET and non‐cyclic pathways. The analysis also gave an approach to theoretically assess CO2 leakiness from bundle‐sheath cells, and projected a leakiness of 0.07–0.16. Compared with C3 photosynthesis, the most striking C4 stoichiometry is its high fraction of CET.
Double heterozygous mutations of MITF and PAX3 result in Waardenburg syndrome with increased penetrance in pigmentary defects
Authors: Yang T , Li X , Huang Q , Li L , Chai Y , Sun L , Wang X , Zhu Y , Wang Z , Huang Z , Li Y , Wu H 
Published: February 2012

Yang T, Li X, Huang Q, Li L, Chai Y, Sun L, Wang X, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Huang Z, Li Y, Wu H. Double heterozygous mutations of MITF and PAX3 result in Waardenburg syndrome with increased penetrance in pigmentary defects.Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentary defects of the hair, skin, and iris. Heterozygous mutations of MITF and its transactivator gene PAX3 are associated with Waardenburg syndrome type II (WS2) and type I (WS1), respectively. Most patients with MITF or PAX3 mutations, however, show variable penetrance of WS‐associated phenotypes even within families segregating the same mutation, possibly mediated by genetic background or specific modifiers. In this study, we reported a rare Waardenburg syndrome simplex family in which a pair of WS parents gave birth to a child with double heterozygous mutations of MITF and PAX3. Compared to his parents who carried a single mutation in either MITF or PAX3, this child showed increased penetrance of pigmentary defects including white forelock, white eyebrows and eyelashes, and patchy facial depigmentation. This observation suggested that the expression level of MITF is closely correlated to the penetrance of WS, and variants in transcription regulator genes of MITF may modify the relevant clinical phenotypes.