bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum of MRI findings in central nervous system affection in Lyme neuroborreliosis
Authors: Volk T. , Urbach H. , Fingerle V. , Bardutzky J. , Rauer S. , Dersch Rick 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAffections of the central nervous system (CNS) rarely occur in Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). CNS manifestations can have residual neurological symptoms despite antibiotic treatment. We explored the spectrum of CNS affections in patients with LNB in a tertiary care center in a region endemic for Lyme borreliosis. We retrospectively included patients treated at a tertiary care center from January 2020–December 2021 fulfilling the case criteria for LNB as stated in the current German guideline on LNB. Clinical data, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings and MRI imaging were collected. We included 35 patients with LNB, 24 with early manifestations and 11 with CNS-LNB. CNS-LNB patients had encephalomyelitis (n = 6) or cerebral vasculitis (n = 5). Patients with early LNB and CNS-LNB differed regarding albumin CSF/serum quotient and total protein in CSF. Duration from onset of symptoms until diagnosis was statistically significantly longer in patients with encephalomyelitis. MRI findings were heterogeneous and showed longitudinal extensive myelitis, perimedullar leptomeningeal enhancement, pontomesencephalic lesions or cerebral vasculitis. CNS-LNB can present with a variety of clinical syndromes and MRI changes. No clear pattern of MRI findings in CNS-LNB could be identified. The role of MRI consists in ruling out other causes of neurological symptoms.
Analytical study of one dimensional time fractional Schrödinger problems arising in quantum mechanics
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Alsayaad Yahya 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis work presents the analytical study of one dimensional time-fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation arising in quantum mechanics. In present research, we establish an idea of the Sumudu transform residual power series method (ST-RPSM) to generate the numerical solution of nonlinear Schrödinger models with the fractional derivatives. The proposed idea is the composition of Sumudu transform (ST) and the residual power series method (RPSM). The fractional derivatives are taken in Caputo sense. The proposed technique is unique since it requires no assumptions or variable constraints. The ST-RPSM obtains its results through a series of successive iterations, and the resulting form rapidly converges to the exact solution. The results obtained via ST-RPSM show that this scheme is authentic, effective, and simple for nonlinear fractional models. Some graphical structures are displayed at different levels of fractional orders using Mathematica Software.
Increased water temperature contributes to a chondrogenesis response in the eyes of spotted wolffish
Authors: Kwabiah Rebecca R. , Weiland Eva , Henderson Sarah , Vasquez Ignacio , Paradis Hélène , Tucker Denise , Dimitrov Iliana , Gardiner Danielle , Tucker Stephanie , Newhook Nicholas , Boyce Danny , Scapigliati Giuseppe , Kirby Simon , Santander Javier , Gendron Robert L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdult vertebrate cartilage is usually quiescent. Some vertebrates possess ocular scleral skeletons composed of cartilage or bone. The morphological characteristics of the spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) scleral skeleton have not been described. Here we assessed the scleral skeletons of cultured spotted wolffish, a globally threatened marine species. The healthy spotted wolffish we assessed had scleral skeletons with a low percentage of cells staining for the chondrogenesis marker sex-determining region Y-box (Sox) 9, but harboured a population of intraocular cells that co-express immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Sox9. Scleral skeletons of spotted wolffish with grossly observable eye abnormalities displayed a high degree of perochondrial activation as evidenced by cellular morphology and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and phosphotyrosine. Cells staining for cluster of differentiation (CD) 45 and IgM accumulated around sites of active chondrogenesis, which contained cells that strongly expressed Sox9. The level of scleral chondrogenesis and the numbers of scleral cartilage PCNA positive cells increased with the temperature of the water in which spotted wolffish were cultured. Our results provide new knowledge of differing Sox9 spatial tissue expression patterns during chondrogenesis in normal control and ocular insult paradigms. Our work also provides evidence that spotted wolffish possess an inherent scleral chondrogenesis response that may be sensitive to temperature. This work also advances the fundamental knowledge of teleost ocular skeletal systems.
Leveraging graph neural networks for supporting automatic triage of patients
Authors: Defilippo Annamaria , Veltri Pierangelo , Lió Pietro , Guzzi Pietro Hiram 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPatient triage is crucial in emergency departments, ensuring timely and appropriate care based on correctly evaluating the emergency grade of patient conditions. Triage methods are generally performed by human operator based on her own experience and information that are gathered from the patient management process. Thus, it is a process that can generate errors in emergency-level associations. Recently, Traditional triage methods heavily rely on human decisions, which can be subjective and prone to errors. A growing interest has recently been focused on leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to develop algorithms to maximize information gathering and minimize errors in patient triage processing. We define and implement an AI-based module to manage patients’ emergency code assignments in emergency departments. It uses historical data from the emergency department to train the medical decision-making process. Data containing relevant patient information, such as vital signs, symptoms, and medical history, accurately classify patients into triage categories. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieved high accuracy outperforming traditional triage methods. By using the proposed method, we claim that healthcare professionals can predict severity index to guide patient management processing and resource allocation.
NLRC5 promotes endometrial carcinoma progression by regulating NF-κB pathway-mediated mismatch repair gene deficiency
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Zhu Haiqing , Guo Bao , Chen Jiahua , Zhang Junhui , Wang Tao , Zhang Jing , Shan Wenjun , Zou Junchi , Cao Yunxia , Wei Bing , Zhan Lei 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe innate immune molecule NLR family CARD domain-containing 5 (NLRC5) plays a significant role in endometrial carcinoma (EC) immunosurveillance. However, NLRC5 also plays a protumor role in EC cells. Mismatch repair gene deficiency (dMMR) can enable tumors to grow faster and also can exhibit high sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, we attempted to determine whether NLRC5-mediated protumor role in EC is via the regulation of dMMR. Our findings revealed that NLRC5 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of EC cells and induced the dMMR status of EC in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying NLRC5 regulated dMMR was also verified. We first found NLRC5 could suppress nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway in EC cells. Then we validated that the positive effect of NLRC5 in dMMR was restricted when NF-κB was activated by lipopolysaccharides in NLRC5-overexpression EC cell lines. In conclusion, our present study confirmed the novel NLRC5/NF-κB/MMR regulatory mechanism of the protumor effect of NLRC5 on EC cells, thereby suggesting that the NLRC5-mediated protumor in EC was depend on the function of MMR.
Novel paired CD13-negative (MT-50.1) and CD13-positive (MT-50.4) HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines with differential regulatory T cell-like activity
Authors: Egawa Yuki , Higuchi Tomonori , Hashida Yumiko , Ueno Kazuyuki , Kojima Kensuke , Daibata Masanori 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAdult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) occurs after human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection with a long latency period exceeding several decades. This implies the presence of immune evasion mechanisms for HTLV-1-infected T cells. Although ATL cells have a CD4+CD25+ phenotype similar to that of regulatory T cells (Tregs), they do not always possess the immunosuppressive functions of Tregs. Factors that impart effective immunosuppressive functions to HTLV-1-infected cells may exist. A previous study identified a new CD13+ Treg subpopulation with enhanced immunosuppressive activity. We, herein, describe the paired CD13− (designated as MT-50.1) and CD13+ (MT-50.4) HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines with Treg-like phenotype, derived from the peripheral blood of a single patient with lymphoma-type ATL. The cell lines were found to be derived from HTLV-1-infected non-leukemic cells. MT-50.4 cells secreted higher levels of immunosuppressive cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, expressed higher levels of Foxp3, and showed stronger suppression of CD4+CD25− T cell proliferation than MT-50.1 cells. Furthermore, the CD13 inhibitor bestatin significantly attenuated MT-50.4 cell growth, while it did not for MT-50.1 cells. These findings suggest that CD13 expression may be involved in the increased Treg-like activity of MT-50.4 cells. Hence, MT-50.4 cells will be useful for in-depth studies of CD13+Foxp3+ HTLV-1-infected cells.
Modification and Structure–Activity Relationship Study of Cyclodepsipeptide Trichodestruxin D Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents
Authors: Zou Jihua , Lu Yifei , Li Xiang , Gai Conghao , Zou Yan , Zhao Qingjie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTrichodestruxins A–D are cyclic peptides isolated from the plant endophyte fungus Trichoderma harzianum with inhibitory activities against the proliferation of tumor cells. This study aimed to modify the structure of trichodestruxin D (TD-(R)) to improve its antitumor activity and analyze the structure–activity relationship (SAR) to provide references for lead optimization. In this study, seven TD-(R) derivatives (TD-(S), TD-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) were designed by different strategies, namely amino acid mutation, configuration switching, replacement of ester with amide, and N-methylation/demethylation. Those derivatives were prepared by a solid-phase peptide synthesis strategy, and structurally characterized by high-resolution mass spectra. The inhibitory activities of the peptides against the lung carcinoma A549 cells were assessed by determining cellular proliferation and migration using CCK-8 and a 24-well migration plate. Our data confirmed the inhibitory effect of those derivatives on A549 cell proliferation, among which TD-(S), TD-1, and TD-2 displayed higher inhibitory activity compared with the control (DMSO) group, but their inhibitory activity was slightly decreased than that of TD-(R). The inhibitory activity of TD-3, TD-4, and TD-6 on A549 cell migration was much better than that of TD-(R). SAR studies demonstrated a pivotal role in the configuration of the residue of 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentenoic acid and some residues in the structure of TD-(R). In conclusion, TD-3, TD-4, and TD-6 may be potential agents for the treatment of cancer migration, and our modification methods will provide a reference for the development of anticancer drugs in the future.
Centre party, district magnitude, and wage inequality in service economy
Authors: Son Jung Wook , Park Jong Hee 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to elucidate the variations in wage inequality within the service industry across different nations. Scholars have emphasised the pivotal role of policies designed to balance flexibility and job security in the service sector, crucial for fostering its growth while mitigating wage disparities. We argue that the balance between flexibility and security of service sector employment is most likely to emerge under centre party governments in high-magnitude electoral systems. Centre parties, owing to their political detachment from organised labour and industry, encounter fewer obstacles in representing the unorganised interests of service sector workers. Furthermore, high-district magnitude systems incentivise centre parties to build comprehensive coalitions that address the diverse concerns of service sector workers. Our empirical analysis, spanning 14 OECD countries from 1995 to 2007, demonstrates that service sector wage inequality diminishes as district magnitude and the cabinet share of centre parties increase.
Putting rakali in the spotlight: innovative methods for detecting an elusive semi-aquatic mammal
Authors: Sanders Emmalie , Nimmo Dale G. , Turner James M. , Wassens Skye , Michael Damian R. 
Published: May 2024

Context Freshwater ecosystems rank among the most threatened environments on Earth. Monitoring aquatic and semi-aquatic species is vital to informing conservation of freshwater ecosystems. However, many semi-aquatic mammals can be difficult to detect with conventional survey methods. Aims We aimed to identify the most effective survey method for detecting an Australian semi-aquatic mammal, the rakali (Hydromys chrysogaster). Methods We compared rakali detection rates among camera-trapping, live-trapping and visual surveys, and tested the influence of camera angle, trap proximity to water and time of survey, across the Yanco Creek system in southern New South Wales. Key results Nocturnal spotlight surveys were the most effective method for detecting rakali, with most observations occurring while individuals were foraging or swimming in the water. Camera traps facing a floating platform and cage traps mounted on floating platforms performed better than those deployed on land. Downward-facing camera traps detected rakali three times more often than did forward-facing cameras. Trapping rakali was unreliable, with the species detected at fewer than half of the sites where presence was confirmed via visual observation and camera traps. For species absence to be determined with 95% confidence, 2–4 weeks of nightly trapping is required, compared with six nights of visual surveys or 12 nights for a platform-facing camera. Morning visual surveys were largely ineffective because of predominantly nocturnal rakali activity and difficulty in detecting signs in creek environments. Conclusions The likelihood of detecting rakali can be maximised through the use of nightly spotlighting and deployment of baited camera traps focussed on platforms or natural resting areas within a water body. Implications Understanding the effectiveness of each method is essential for developing species-appropriate protocols for population monitoring. Our findings present suitable options to be further explored among the 100-plus small (<1 kg) semi-aquatic mammals worldwide that share similar behaviours and characteristics to the rakali, many of which are threatened or data deficient.
School, age, and exposure effects in the child heritage language acquisition of the Spanish volitional
subjunctive
Authors: Thane Patrick D. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The present study investigated the production and receptive knowledge of the Spanish subjunctive mood in
volitional clauses by 57 English-dominant heritage speakers in fifth, seventh, and eighth grades (ages 10–14), some of whom were
enrolled in a dual-language immersion program. Children’s self-reported frequency of use of Spanish affected command of this
structure, and participants showed more consistent selection of the subjunctive than production of this form. There were no
differences in production or selection between children in the dual-language immersion and monolingual English schools, but older
children produced and selected the subjunctive more than younger participants. The lexical frequency of individual subordinate
verbs did not affect subjunctive use. The role for frequency of use and asymmetrical performance between tasks support Putnam and Sánchez’s (2013) activation approach to heritage language acquisition.
However, the absence of an effect for bilingual schooling or lexical frequency and the increased use of subjunctive mood with age
do not strictly align with theories of a reassembly of features in heritage language acquisition, and argue for a protracted
development of subjunctive mood in heritage Spanish.
The Idea of Puritan Literature
Authors: Rivers Isabel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The introductory chapter explores a range of topics to help the reader understand the complexity of the subject. These are: different interpretations and uses of the labels ‘Puritan’, ‘nonconformist’, and ‘dissenter’ in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century lectures and historical works, demonstrating the different perspectives of their Congregational, General Baptist, and Particular Baptist authors; narrative accounts of key figures in eighteenth-century biographical dictionaries by Church of England and Presbyterian authors; abridged editions and lives in popular small formats of the principal seventeenth-century authors in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; and substantial scholarly editions, series, and biographies in the nineteenth century. The label ‘Puritan’, which had been largely dropped in the eighteenth century, began to replace ‘nonconformist’. The chapter concludes with an account and selected bibliography of N. H. Keeble’s work.
‘What need has she to think of Heaven upon her Wedding-day?’
Authors: Hobby Elaine 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This chapter, in its unlikely pairing of Aphra Behn and Richard Baxter, is focused on the work and perspective of a leading Tory literary writer, seeking in part to show how the concerns of the emergent Puritan tradition looked from—and had an impact on—that culturally mainstream position. It also suggests what Behn’s religious perspective might have been, and how her probable Anglicanism inflects her Tory position and sheds light on her career. Reference is made to a variety of plays by Behn, and to her ‘A Paraphrase on the Lord’s Prayer’, as well as to works by Baxter and the Book of Common Prayer.
Analyzing the Persian Gulf Naming Dispute from International Law Perspective
Authors: Omidi Ali 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Name disputes regarding geographical areas can be analysed from various perspectives. In international law, the legal determination of the names of geographic entities, including water bodies, mainly relies on four criteria. These criteria encompass historical reasoning and the application of the ‘critical date theory’, judicial precedence exemplified by the Macedonia v Greece case, the practices of international organizations, and legal obligations stemming from relevant treaties. By employing deductive and historical methodologies, this article concludes that the Persian Gulf naming dispute can be effectively examined by focusing on the year 1957 and, more broadly, the 1960s as the critical date. Historical documents from the period preceding this critical period substantiate the usage of the term ‘Persian Gulf’. Furthermore, the procedures and practices of international organizations generally favour the use of the name ‘Persian Gulf’. Inferences drawn from both customary and treaty law, including the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and bilateral agreements, among others, underscore the preference for the term ‘Persian Gulf’. It is worth noting that the International Court of Justice, in the 2011 Macedonia v Greece case, upheld the principle of ‘prior in tempore potior in jure’, which recognizes established practices or conflicting legal claims. This authentication by the court further emphasizes the significance of historical precedence.
Visualization of Bacillus subtilis spore structure and germination using quick-freeze deep-etch electron microscopy
Authors: Jalil Kiran , Tahara Yuhei O , Miyata Makoto 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bacterial spores, known for their complex and resilient structures, have been the focus of visualization using various methodologies. In this study, we applied quick-freeze and replica electron microscopy techniques, allowing observation of Bacillus subtilis spores in high-contrast and three-dimensional detail. This method facilitated visualization of the spore structure with enhanced resolution and provided new insights into the spores and their germination processes. We identified and described five distinct structures: (i) hair-like structures on the spore surface, (ii) spike formation on the surface of lysozyme-treated spores, (iii) the fractured appearance of the spore cortex during germination, (iv) potential connections between small vesicles and the core membrane and (v) the evolving surface structure of nascent vegetative cells during germination.
Utility of Anaerobic Blood Cultures in Neonatal Sepsis Evaluation
Authors: Gottschalk Amanda , Coggins Sarah , Dhudasia Miren B , Flannery Dustin D , Healy Tracy , Puopolo Karen M , Gerber Jeffrey , Mukhopadhyay Sagori 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background
Clinicians variably obtain anaerobic blood cultures as part of sepsis evaluations in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Our objective was to determine if anaerobic blood culture bottles yielded clinically relevant information by either recovering pathogens exclusively or more rapidly than the concurrently obtained aerobic culture bottle in the NICU.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of blood cultures obtained from infants admitted to the NICU from August 01, 2015 to August 31, 2023. Standard practice was to inoculate 2 mL of blood divided equally between an aerobic and an anaerobic culture bottle. We analyzed positive blood cultures where both aerobic and anaerobic bottles were obtained and compared pathogen recovery and time to positivity between the bottles.

Results
During the study period, 4599 blood cultures were obtained from 3665 infants, and 265 (5.8%) were positive. Of these, 182 cultures were sent as aerobic–anaerobic pairs and recovered pathogenic organisms. Organisms were recovered exclusively from the anaerobic bottle in 32 (17.6%) cultures. Three organisms were obligate anaerobes; the rest were facultative anaerobes including Coagulase-negative staphylococci (40.6%), Escherichia coli (15.6%), and Staphylococcus aureus (15.6%). Cultures with exclusive recovery in the anaerobic bottle were more frequently obtained ≤3 days after birth, compared to other cultures (31.3% vs 15.3%, P = .03). When both bottles recovered the pathogen (n = 113), the anaerobic bottle had a shorter time to positivity in 76 (67.3%) cultures.

Conclusions
Including anaerobic culture bottles could lead to the identification of pathogens not recovered in the aerobic bottle, as well as earlier identification of pathogens.
Spinal cord ischemia following laryngotracheal reconstruction surgery: a case report
Authors: Latiff-Maldonado Mario , Sarzosa Fernando A , Mancera-Perez Juliana , Pelaez-Arango Mauricio 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We present a 20-year-old patient with subglottic and tracheal stenosis was taken for a tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis. The patient’s neck was positioned in hyperflexion using chin stitches to minimize tension at the anastomosis. On post-operative period, the patient developed paresthesias in upper and lower extremities associated with motor weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed showing lesions compromising ventral spinal cord at the level of C4–C5 and C6–C7. Chin stitches were removed and neck flexion was reduced. The patient remained in the intensive care unit with vasopressors, physical therapy and intravenous fluid-therapy to maintain mean arterial pressure above 90 mmHg. After 3 weeks, the patient was discharged with no neurologic deficit. There are few cases reported of acute ischemic spinal injury following tracheal reconstruction. If this complication arises, neck posture should be corrected, maintenance of MAP above 90 mmHg and implementation of early physical therapy is key to improve neurologic outcomes.