bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori Infection, Intestinal Metaplasia, and Gastric Cancer Risk in Eastern Siberia
Authors: Tsukanov Vladislav Vladimirovich , Butorin Nikolai Nikolaevich , Maady Ayas Sergeevich , Shtygasheva Olga Vladimirovna , Amelchugova Olga Sergeevna , Tonkikh Julia Leongardovna , Fassan Matteo , Rugge Massimo 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackground:  The incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is extremely high in Russia and eastern Siberia, where information on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection is fragmentary.Aims:  To assess the prevalence of both H. pylori infection (including CagA status) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in Russian and eastern Siberian populations carrying a different risk of GC.Materials and Methods:  A sample of 2129 consecutive patients was considered, including 689 Europoids and 1440 Mongoloids (493 Evenks, 533 Khakass people, and 414 Tuvans), who all underwent serum sampling and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. H. pylori status was established (ELISA, urease test, and histology), and IgG anti‐CagA antibodies were assessed (ELISA) in H. pylori‐positive cases. At least 3 biopsy samples per patient were considered, and IM was scored as present versus absent. The prevalence of H. pylori, CagA+ve status, and IM was compared with the incidence of GC according to the regional cancer registries.Results:  The prevalence of H. pylori was similar for the Europoids and Mongoloids (93.6 vs 94.3%). The prevalence of CagA+ve infection was as follows: Europoids 61.2%, Evenks 36.4%, Khakass 44.0%, Tuvans 60.0% (p1vs2 < .001; p1vs3 < .001; p2vs4 < .001; p3vs4 < .001). The prevalence of IM was as follows: Europoids 10.7%, Evenks 5.1%, Khakass 9.8%, and Tuvans 23.4% (p1vs2 = .001; p1vs4 < .001; p2vs4 < .001; p3vs4 < .001). The incidence of GC (per 100,000 population/year) was as follows: Europoids 33.2; Evenks 18.2; Khakass 20.2; Tuvans 50.7 (p1vs2 = 0.04; p1vs3 = .05; p2vs4 < .001; p3vs4 < .001).Conclusion:  H. pylori infection is consistently high in Russian and eastern Siberian populations; ethnicities with similar prevalence of CagA+ve status had different prevalence of IM and incidence of GC. As expected, IM prevalence correlated with the incidence of GC. Host‐related and/or environmental factors may explain discrepancies between H. pylori status, the prevalence of IM, and the incidence of GC.
Development of the DESIGN‐R with an observational study: An absolute evaluation tool for monitoring pressure ulcer wound healing
Authors: Matsui Yuko , Furue Masutaka , Sanada Hiromi , Tachibana Takao , Nakayama Takeo , Sugama Junko , Furuta Katsunori , Tachi Masahiro , Tokunaga Keiko , Miyachi Yoshiki 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTDESIGN is a seven‐item (depth, exudates, size, inflammation/infection, granulation, necrosis, and pocket) monitoring scale for pressure ulcers developed in 2002 by the scientific education committee of the Japanese Society of Pressure Ulcers. DESIGN is a very useful tool for chronological monitoring of each pressure ulcer, but a key limitation of this tool is its inability to compare the wound‐healing process among different pressure ulcers in different patients due to a lack of statistical item weighting. Our aim was to weight DESIGN items by statistical analysis and develop a new validated tool to overcome this limitation. Subjects comprised 3,601 patients with pressure ulcers. Patients were followed every week during the study period. To establish the weighting of each item and grade, we estimated the probabilities of wound healing at 12‐month follow‐up using multivariable Cox's regression analysis. Weighting (−β value) for each item in order of the highest rank was: pocket, 2.289; size, 1.573; inflammation/infection, 0.778; granulation tissue, 0.682; exudate, 0.543; and necrotic tissue, 0.529. Based on these findings, a new, validated “DESIGN‐Rating tool” for monitoring the progression of pressure ulcer healing was developed, implying the development of an absolute evaluation tool and clinical indicator to assess the quality of medical care.
No Increased Bleeding Events with Continuation of Oral Anticoagulation Therapy for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Device Procedure
Authors: LI HUNG‐KEI , CHEN FRANK C. , REA ROBERT F. , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. , POWELL BRIAN D. , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. , SHEN WIN‐KUANG , BRADY PETER A. , BRADLEY DAVID J. , LEE HON‐CHI , HODGE DAVID O. , SLUSSER JOSHUA P. , HAYES DAVID L. , CHA YONG‐MEI 
Published: March 2011

Background: Switching warfarin for heparin has been a practice for managing periprocedural anticoagulation in high‐risk patients undergoing device‐related procedures. We sought to investigate whether continuation of warfarin sodium therapy without heparin bridging is safe and, when it is continued, the optimal international normalized ratio (INR) without increased bleeding risk at time of device‐related procedure.
Methods and Results: We retrospectively studied 766 consecutive patients taking warfarin long term who underwent device‐related procedures. Patients were grouped by treatment: discontinued warfarin (−warfarin, n = 243), no interruption of warfarin (+warfarin, n = 324), and discontinued warfarin with heparin bridging (+heparin, n = 199). The study primary endpoint was systemic bleeding or formation of moderate or severe pocket hematoma within 30 days of the procedure. Thirty‐one (4%) patients had bleeding events, including pocket hematoma in 29 patients. The bleeding events occurred more often for +heparin (7.0%) than −warfarin (2.1%) or +warfarin (3.7%, P = 0.029). For +warfarin group, INR of 2.0–2.5 at time of procedure did not increase bleeding risk compared with INR less than 1.5 (3.7% vs 3.4%; P = 0.72), but INR greater than 2.5 increased the bleeding risk (10.0% vs 3.4%; P = 0.029). Concomitant aspirin use with warfarin significantly increased bleeding risk than warfarin alone (5.6% vs 1.4%, P = 0.02). Median length of hospitalization was significantly shorter for +warfarin than +heparin (1 vs 6 days; P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Continuation of oral anticoagulation therapy with an INR level of <2.5 does not impose increased risk of bleeding for device‐related procedures, although precaution is necessary to avoid supratherapeutic anticoagulation levels. (PACE 2011; 34:868–874)
Surgical Electrocautery Facilitated Transseptal Puncture in Children
Authors: ELAYI CLAUDE SAMY , GURLEY JOHN CARL , DI SESSA THOMAS GERALD , KAKAVAND BAHRAM 
Published: March 2011

Background: Transseptal puncture has been performed in adults and children for decades. However, transseptal puncture can be challenging especially in pediatric patients because of an elastic septum and small atria. In adults, dedicated radiofrequency (RF) to facilitate transseptal puncture has become routine.
Objectives: We wanted to assess whether RF could be used routinely in children to facilitate transseptal procedure.
Method: The study population included all children referred to our electrophysiology lab who underwent an ablation requiring a transseptal puncture over a period of 10 months. RF was applied at the time of transseptal puncture. The source of RF was standard surgical electrocautery device with the electrosurgical pen in direct contact with the transseptal needle applied for a short period of time during transseptal puncture. RF output was set initially at 30 W in cut mode. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Patients were followed for possible complications.
Results: Thirteen patients (ages 11.6 ± 3.6 years, range 5–17 years, five boys) were included. One patient had left ventricular tachycardia, and the remainder had a supraventricular tachycardia with a left‐sided accessory pathway. In all but two patients, a single attempt with an RF output of 30 W applied for less than 2 seconds was sufficient to cross the septum. In two patients, three attempts were needed with a last successful attempt using 35 W. No complications were observed either acutely or during the follow‐up.
Conclusion: Transseptal puncture facilitated by RF energy can be performed in children routinely and safely. (PACE 2011; 34:827–831)
Palpography Detects Mechanical Dyssynchrony and Worsens with Right Ventricular Pacing and Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: SHARIF DAWOD , RADZIEVSKY NAIRA , SAMNIAH NEMER , HASSAN AMIN , KUSHNIR ALON , ROSENSCHEIN URI 
Published: March 2011

Background: QRS width and echocardiography‐derived indices are limited predictors of response to resynchronization therapy. We applied digital palpography, using vibration resonance imaging, to investigate the effects of right ventricular pacing and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on mechanical and electrical dyssynchrony.
Methods: Forty‐nine subjects were examined: 24 normal controls, 18 subjects with right ventricular apical pacing (12 with reduced LVEF), and seven subjects with reduced LVEF and narrow QRS. Digital measurement of QRS width was performed. Electric dyssynchrony index (EDI) was measured as the time interval between peak R‐waves of the same QRS complex of simultaneously recorded standard limb electrocardiograms, L1 and L2. A matrix of 6 × 6 vibration recording transducers was applied to chest. The interval between the onset of Q‐wave and the peak of amplitude vibration for each transducer was measured, and a three‐dimensional map for the whole matrix of transducers was generated. Median values (QE1) were measured. Mechanical vibration systolic dyssynchrony index (VSDI) for each subject was determined as the standard deviation of the difference between the median value and each transducer interval.
Results: EDI was larger in subjects with right ventricular pacing. Mechanical dyssynchrony indices were larger with pacing and reduced LVEF. EDI correlated with QRS width (r2= 0.7), with VSDI (r2= 0.42), and with QE1 (r2= 0.74). QRS width correlated with QE1 (r2= 0.75).
Conclusions: Digital chest palpography can determine dyssynchrony indices that are larger in subjects with right ventricular pacing and reduced LVEF and correlate with parameters of electrical dyssynchrony. (PACE 2011; 34:875–883)
[123I]FP‐CIT (DaTscan) SPECT Brain Imaging in Patients with Suspected Parkinsonian Syndromes
Authors: Hauser Robert A. , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo review [123I]FP‐CIT (Ioflupane I 123, DaTscan) SPECT imaging and its role in clinical practice.BACKGROUND[123I]FP‐CIT is a radiopharmaceutical that binds reversibly to striatal presynaptic dopamine transporters.METHODSWe review the two principal multicenter clinical trials of [123I]FP‐CIT SPECT imaging and provide additional, previously unreported information. Study 1 was a trial of [123I]FP‐CIT SPECT in patients with early suspected parkinsonism that compared baseline scans to the consensus clinical diagnosis established 3 years later. Study 2 was a trial of [123I]FP‐CIT SPECT in patients with established diagnoses of parkinsonian syndrome (PS) or essential tremor (ET).RESULTSIn Study 1, positive percent agreement (abnormal baseline scan and clinical diagnosis of PS at 36 months [n= 71]) was 78‐79%. Negative percent agreement (normal baseline scan and a clinical diagnosis of non‐PS at 36 months [n= 28]) was 97%. In study 2, positive percent agreement (abnormal scan and a clinical diagnosis of PS [n= 158]) was 92‐97%. Negative percent agreement (normal scan and a clinical diagnosis of ET [n= 27]) was 74‐96%.CONCLUSION[123I]FP‐CIT SPECT brain imaging is used to assist in the evaluation of adult patients with suspected PS and may help differentiate ET from PS as an adjunct to other diagnostic evaluations.
Differences in Diet Between Spider Monkey Groups Living in Forest Fragments and Continuous Forest in Mexico
Authors: Chaves Óscar M. , Stoner Kathryn E. , Arroyo‐Rodríguez Víctor 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTForest fragmentation can lead to reductions in food availability, especially for some large‐bodied tropical mammals such as spider monkeys. During a 15\xE2\x80\x90mo period, we assessed the diet of Geoffroyi's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) in continuous forest and fragments in the Lacandona region, southern Mexico, and related differences in diet to differences in vegetation structure and composition. We found that both forest types presented top food species for monkeys (e.g., Spondias spp., Brosimum alicastrum), but the sum of the importance value index of these species and the density of large trees were lower in fragments than in continuous forest. We also found that, compared with continuous forest, monkeys in fragments diversified their overall diet, increased consumption of leaves, and reduced the time they spent feeding on trees in favor of more time feeding on hemiepiphytes (particularly Ficus spp.) and palms, both of which were common in fragments. We attribute these changes to the relative food scarcity of the most favored feeding plants in forest fragments. Overall, our findings suggest that monkeys are able to adjust their diet to food availability in fragments, and thus persist in small‐ and medium‐sized fragments. Although it is unlikely that the small size of two of the three study fragments (14 and 31 ha) can maintain viable populations of monkeys in the long term, they may function as stepping stones, facilitating inter‐fragment movements and ultimately enhancing seed dispersal in fragmented landscapes.
Upslope Range Shifts of Andean Dung Beetles in Response to Deforestation: Compounding and Confounding Effects of Microclimatic Change
Authors: Larsen Trond H. 
Published: March 2011

ABSTRACTWarmer, and sometimes drier, conditions associated with global climate change are driving many species to shift poleward and/or upslope. I hypothesized that microclimatic changes related to deforestation cause similar shifts for forest species persisting within degraded landscapes. This appears to be the first study to examine this novel hypothesis. I examined elevational distributions of dung beetle communities along parallel intact and disturbed elevational gradients from 290 to 3450 m asl in the Andes of southeastern Peru. Deforested sites were consistently warmer and drier than forested sites. To maintain the same ambient temperature as in forest, species in a deforested landscape would need to shift on average 489±59 m upslope. Dung beetle species showed a mean upslope range shift of 132±64 m (maximum=743 m) in the deforested landscape. Eight species occurred farther upslope in the degraded landscape, while none shifted downslope. In addition to upper range limit expansions, six species shifting upslope also showed range contractions or population declines at their lower range boundary. High elevation and disturbance‐tolerant species did not show range shifts. These findings suggest that land‐use change may both confound and compound the influence of global climate change on biodiversity. Synergies between habitat degradation and climate change could more than double previous range shift projections for this century, leading to unexpectedly rapid changes in biodiversity, especially for sensitive organisms such as tropical insects. On the other hand, range shifts caused by habitat degradation may be mistakenly attributed to global climate change.Abstract in Spanish is available in the online version of this article.
Economic Incentives to Prevent Aquatic Invasive Species in Wetlands
Authors: Fernandez Linda 
Published: March 2011

Wetlands are threatened by invasive species worldwide through vectors of aquaculture and aquarium activity. While maritime shipping has received most of the attention for invasive species control, shipping represents a mobile, transitory source of invasion, unlike aquaculture, and aquarium activities that occur in public wetlands. The public wetlands invasive species problem is modeled to compare incentives for one or all users of the public wetlands to reduce the threat of invasive species from aquaculture and aquarium trade activities. The incentives for individual versus coordinated behavior are examined, along with the conditions for all wetland users to select preemptive effort to reduce the invasive species threat. There is great potential for an environmental bond in the lease arrangements to foster preemptive effort to reduce invasive species in wetlands. Partout dans le monde, les zones humides sont menacées par des espèces envahissantes introduites par l’aquaculture et l’aquariophilie. Bien que le contrôle des espèces envahissantes ait surtout visé le transport maritime, il demeure que ce dernier constitue une source d’invasion mobile et transitoire contrairement aux activités d’aquaculture et d’aquariophilie qui se déroulent dans les zones humides situées sur des terres publiques. Nous avons élaboré un modèle qui représente le problème des espèces envahissantes dans les zones humides sur des terres publiques afin de comparer les stimulants individuels et les stimulants collectifs qui visent à réduire la menace que posent les espèces envahissantes issues de l’aquaculture et de l’aquariophilie. Nous avons examiné les stimulants qui favorisent un comportement individuel ou un comportement coordonné, de même que les conditions qui motiveraient tous les utilisateurs de zones humides à choisir les efforts préventifs pour réduire la menace que posent les espèces envahissantes. La possibilité d’inclure une obligation environnementale dans les contrats de location afin d’encourager les efforts préventifs pour réduire les espèces envahissantes dans les zones humides est grande.
Ionization structure and Fe Kα energy for irradiated accretion discs
Authors: Zhou X. L. , Zhao Y. H. , Soria R. 
Published: March 2011

Abstract
We study the radial ionization structure at the surface of an X-ray illuminated accretion disc. We plot the expected iron Kα line energy as a function of the Eddington ratio and of the distance of the emitting matter from the central source, for a non-rotating and a maximally rotating black hole. We compare the predicted disc line energies with those measured in an archival sample of active galactic nuclei observed with Chandra, XMM–Newton and Suzaku, and discuss whether the line energies are consistent with the radial distances inferred from reverberation studies. We also suggest using rapidly variable iron Kα lines to estimate the viscosity parameter of an accretion disc. There is a forbidden region in the line energy versus Eddington ratio plane, at low Eddington ratios, where an accretion disc cannot produce highly ionized iron Kα lines. If such emission is observed in low-Eddington-ratio sources, it is coming from either a highly ionized outflow or a blueshifted component from fast-moving neutral matter.
Quantification of Gaping, Bruising, and Blood Spots in Salmon Fillets Using Image Analysis
Authors: Balaban Murat O. , Ünal Şengör Gülgün F. , Soriano Mario Gil , Ruiz Elena Guillén 
Published: March 2011

Abstract:  An image analysis method was developed to quantify the gaping, bruising, and blood spots of red salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fillets. Images of 15 fillets with various levels of gaping were taken either with a dSLR camera, or with a video camera. Also, the same fillets were recorded using the same camera both under regular illumination, and under polarized illumination. In either case, light at an angle was used to highlight the gapes in the flesh. An image analysis method was developed that can adaptively apply an L*threshold value to the image depending on the average color of the fillet, and quantify the resulting percent of the fillet area that has an L* value less than or equal to L*threshold. Polarized lighting changed the color by eliminating artifacts resulting from reflections. It is recommended to use polarized light for this purpose. Both cameras could be used adequately to quantify defects. The proper setting of the L*threshold value depended on the camera and on the polarized light. No correlation could be found between the average L* value of the fillets and the L*threshold value. It was possible to quantify the gaping, bruising, and blood spots on the salmon fillets using this method, which can be the first step toward the automation of this operation.Practical Application:  Gaping, bruising, and blood spots can be recognized and quantified by analyzing images of salmon fillets. Polarized light is recommended to eliminate color artifacts caused by reflected light. This can be used to automate the detection of these defects.
Different habitat selection by two sympatric Maculinea butterflies at small spatial scale
Authors: KŐRÖSI ÁDÁM , ÖRVÖSSY NOÉMI , BATÁRY PÉTER , HARNOS ANDREA , PEREGOVITS LÁSZLÓ 
Published: March 2011

Abstract.  1. Worldwide extinction of species due to habitat loss and habitat degradation can be recognised among butterflies pronouncedly. Therefore, conservation biologists devote special attention to identify the most important ecological factors affecting distribution and survival of butterflies. These efforts have been dominated by landscape‐scale studies, although variation in habitat quality at smaller spatial scales may be of crucial importance. This applies for the highly specialised Maculinea species, which usually do not form classic metapopulations.2. Maculinea nausithous and Maculinea teleius use the same larval food plant and usually occupy the same habitats in Europe. Afforestation of meadows due to abandonment is a major threat for these species. However, few if any studies have assessed the effects that proximity of forest edges may have on the habitat selection by adult butterflies at the scale of local populations. Here, we aimed to test these effects within one habitat fragment based on an intensive mark–release–recapture sampling.3. Distribution of M. nausithous was aggregated and its density was highly positively influenced by the proportion of afforested meadow edges, while M. teleius showed no preference for afforested edges. Despite their different within‐habitat distribution, the movement of both species was restricted to smaller parts of the habitat.4. Our results suggest that M. nausithous has a narrower niche in the study region, which is most likely due to that its only host ant can find suitable microclimatic conditions at the afforested edges of wet meadows. This implies that habitat patches are not equally used by the two species and hence different management approaches are desirable for their conservation.