bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpesvirus Saimiri Antagonizes Nuclear Domain 10-Instituted Intrinsic Immunity via an ORF3-Mediated Selective Degradation of Cellular Protein Sp100
Authors: Full Florian , Reuter Nina , Zielke Katrin , Stamminger Thomas , Ensser Armin 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT
In recent studies, the nuclear domain 10 (ND10) components PML, Sp100, human Daxx (hDaxx), and ATRX were identified to be cellular restriction factors that are able to inhibit the replication of several herpesviruses. The antiviral function of ND10, however, is antagonized by viral effector proteins by a variety of strategies, including degradation of PML or relocalization of ND10 proteins. In this study, we analyzed the interplay between infection with herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), the prototypic rhadinovirus, and cellular defense by ND10. In contrast to other herpesviruses, we found that HVS specifically degraded the cellular ND10 component Sp100, whereas other factors like PML or hDaxx remained intact. We could further identify the ORF3 tegument protein of HVS, which shares homology with the cellular formylglycinamide ribotide amidotransferase (FGARAT) enzyme, to be the viral factor that induces the proteasomal degradation of Sp100. Interestingly, recent studies showed that the ORF3-homologous proteins ORF75c of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 and BNRF-1 of Epstein-Barr virus modulate the ND10 proteins PML and ATRX, respectively, suggesting that the ND10 targets of viral FGARAT-homologous proteins diversified during evolution. Furthermore, a virus with the ORF3 deletion was efficiently complemented in Sp100-depleted cells, indicating that Sp100 is able to inhibit HVS in the absence of antagonistic mechanisms. In contrast, we observed that PML, which was neither degraded nor redistributed after HVS infection, strongly restricted both wild-type HVS and virus with the ORF3 deletion. Thus, HVS may lack a factor that efficiently counteracts the repressive function of PML, which may foster latency as the outcome of infection.
tirant
, a Newly Discovered Active Endogenous Retrovirus in Drosophila simulans
Authors: Akkouche Abdou , Rebollo Rita , Burlet Nelly , Esnault Caroline , Martinez Sonia , Viginier Barbara , Terzian Christophe , Vieira Cristina , Fablet Marie 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Endogenous retroviruses have the ability to become permanently integrated into the genomes of their host, and they are generally transmitted vertically from parent to progeny. With the exception of
gypsy
, few endogenous retroviruses have been identified in insects. In this study, we describe the
tirant
endogenous retrovirus in a subset of
Drosophila simulans
natural populations. By focusing on the envelope gene, we show that the entire retroviral cycle (transcription, translation, and retrotransposition) can be completed for
tirant
within one population of this species.
The tip of an iceberg? A cross-sectional study of the general public's experiences of reporting healthcare complaints in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Wessel Maja , Lynøe Niels , Juth Niklas , Helgesson Gert 
Published: January 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate the hypothesis that complaints of adverse events related to encounters with healthcare personnel are underreported and to identify barriers to filing such complaints.DesignA cross-sectional study, where a questionnaire was sent to the respondents asking whether or not they have filed complaints of adverse events. Respondents were also asked whether they have had reasons for doing so but abstained, and if so their reasons for not complaining. The authors also asked about participants' general experience of and trust in healthcare.SettingThe County of Stockholm, Sweden.ParticipantsA random sample of 1500 individuals of the general population registered by the Swedish National Tax Board as living in the County of Stockholm in April 2008. Of the selected group, aged 18–99 years, 50% were women and 50% men. Response rate was 62.1%, of which 58% were women and 42% were men; the median age was 49 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were whether the participants have filed a formal complaint with the Patients' Advisory Committee and whether they have had reason to file a complaint but have refrained from doing so. Secondary outcome measures were the participants' general experience of and trust in healthcare.ResultsOfficial complaints have been filed by 23 respondents (2.7%, 95% CI 1.7% to 3.7%), while 159 (18.5%, 95% CI 15.9% to 21.1%) stated that they have had legitimate reasons to file a complaint but have abstained (p<0.001). The degree of under-reporting was greater among patients with a general negative experience of healthcare (37.3%, 95% CI 31.9% to 42.7%) compared with those with a general positive experience (4.8%, 95% CI 2.4% to 7.2%). The reasons given for abstaining were, among others, ‘I did not have the strength’, ‘I did not know where to turn’ and ‘It makes no difference anyway’. Respondents with a general negative experience also had lower trust in healthcare.ConclusionsThe authors found a considerable discrepancy between the actual complaint rate and the number of respondents stating that they have had reasons to complain but have abstained. This indicates that in official reports of complaints, the authors only see ‘the tip of an iceberg’.
Cyberknife radiosurgery in treating trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Lazzara Bryan M , Ortiz Orlando , Bordia Ritu , Witten Matthew R , Haas Jonathan A , Katz Alan J , Brown Jeffrey A 
Published: January 2012

PurposeTo assess the short term efficacy of Cyberknife stereotactic radiosurgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN).Methods17 consecutive patients with medically or surgically refractory unilateral TN were treated with Cyberknife radiosurgery. Using superimposed CT cisternogram and MR images, the target segment of the trigeminal nerve was consistently defined as a 6 mm length of nerve approximately 2–3 mm distal to the dorsal root entry zone of the brainstem. A radiosurgical rhizotomy was performed with the Cyberknife utilizing a single collimator to deliver an average maximum dose of 73.06 Gy (range 72.91–73.73) to the target.ResultsFollow-up data were available for 16 of the 17 patients post-treatment (range 1–27 months, average 11.8 months). Overall, 14 of 16 (88%) patients responded favorably with either partial or complete relief of symptomatology. 11 of these patients were successfully free of all pain at some point in their post-treatment course, with seven patients pain free to the last follow-up visit (average 5.0 months, range 1–13 months). Symptoms recurred in four patients, taking place at 3, 7.75, 9 and 18 months after Cyberknife therapy. Only two patients reported side effects. One patient developed a bothersome feathery dysesthesia while the second patient reported a non-bothersome mild jaw hypoesthesia. There were no substantial complications related to stereotactic radiosurgery.ConclusionCyberknife radiosurgery is a viable treatment alternative in patients with TN with competitive efficacy demonstrated in our group of patients while minimizing adverse effects.
Effects of current suction ratio and recent suction history on small-strain behaviour of an unsaturated soil
Authors: Ng C.W.W. , Xu J. 
Published: January 2012

Although the small-strain shear modulus of saturated soils is known to be significantly affected by stress history, consisting of the overconsolidation ratio (OCR) and recent stress history, the effects of suction history on the small-strain shear modulus of unsaturated soils have rarely been reported. In this study, the effects of suction history, which refers to current suction ratio (CSR) and recent suction history, on both the very-small-strain shear modulus (G0) and shear modulus reduction curve of an unsaturated soil, are investigated by carrying out constant net mean stress compression triaxial tests with bender elements and local strain measurements. In addition, the effect of suction magnitude on G0and the shear modulus reduction curve is also investigated. At a given suction, G0, elastic threshold strain (εe), and the rate of shear modulus reduction all increase with CSR. On the other hand, the effect of recent suction history on G0is not significant. The effect of direction of recent suction path (θ) on the shear modulus reduction curve is not distinct. However, the magnitude of recent suction path (l) affects the shear modulus reduction curve significantly when θ = –90°.
Increased Plasma Levels of the APC-Interacting Protein MAPRE1, LRG1, and IGFBP2 Preceding a Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer in Women
Authors: Ladd Jon J. , Busald Tina , Johnson Melissa M. , Zhang Qing , Pitteri Sharon J. , Wang Hong , Brenner Dean E. , Lampe Paul D. , Kucherlapati Raju , Feng Ziding , Prentice Ross L. , Hanash Samir M. 
Published: January 2012

AbstractLongitudinal blood collections from cohort studies provide the means to search for proteins associated with disease before clinical diagnosis. We investigated plasma samples from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohort to determine quantitative differences in plasma proteins between subjects subsequently diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) and matched controls that remained cancer-free during the period of follow-up. Proteomic analysis of WHI samples collected before diagnosis of CRC resulted in the identification of six proteins with significantly (P &lt; 0.05) elevated concentrations in cases compared with controls. Proteomic analysis of two CRC cell lines showed that five of the six proteins were produced by cancer cells. Microtubule-associated protein RP/EB family member 1 (MAPRE1), insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were individually assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 58 pairs of newly diagnosed CRC samples and controls and yielded significant elevations (P &lt; 0.05) among cases relative to controls. A combination of these four markers resulted in a receiver operating characteristics curve with an area under the curve value of 0.841 and 57% sensitivity at 95% specificity. This combination rule was tested in an independent set of WHI samples collected within 7 months before diagnosis from cases and matched controls resulting in 41% sensitivity at 95% specificity. A panel consisting of CEA, MAPRE1, IGFBP2, and LRG1 has predictive value in prediagnostic CRC plasmas. Cancer Prev Res; 5(4); 655–64. ©2012 AACR.
Cerebrolysin in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke in Asia
Authors: Heiss Wolf-Dieter , Brainin Michael , Bornstein Natan M. , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Hong Zhen 
Published: January 2012

Background and Purpose—
Cerebrolysin showed neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties in various preclinical models of ischemia and small clinical trials. The aim of this large double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was to test its efficacy and safety in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Patients with acute ischemic hemispheric stroke were randomized within 12 hours of symptoms onset to active treatment (30 mL Cerebrolysin daily) or placebo (saline solution) given as intravenous infusion for 10 days in addition to aspirin (100 mg daily). The patients were followed up to 90 days. The primary end point was the result of a combined global directional test of modified Rankin Scale, Barthel Index, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Adverse events were documented to assess safety.

Results—
A total of 1070 patients were enrolled in this study. Five hundred twenty-nine patients were assigned to Cerebrolysin and 541 to placebo. The confirmatory end point showed no significant difference between the treatment groups. When stratified by severity however, a post hoc analysis of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and modified Rankin Scale showed a trend in favor of Cerebrolysin in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale >12 (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: OR, 1.27; CI lower bound, 0.97; modified Rankin Scale: OR, 1.27; CI lower bound, 0.90). In this subgroup, the cumulative mortality by 90 days was 20.2% in the placebo and 10.5% in the Cerebrolysin group (hazard ratio, 1.9661; CI lower bound, 1.0013).

Conclusions—
In this study, the confirmatory end point showed neutral results between the treatment groups. However, a favorable outcome trend was seen in the severely affected patients with ischemic stroke treated with Cerebrolysin. This observation should be confirmed by a further clinical trial.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00868283.
Validation of IIR/CALIPSO Level 1 Measurements by Comparison with Collocated Airborne Observations during CIRCLE-2 and Biscay ‘08 Campaigns
Authors: Sourdeval Odran , Brogniez Gérard , Pelon Jacques , C.-Labonnote Laurent , Dubuisson Philippe , Parol Frédéric , Josset Damien , Garnier Anne , Faivre Michaël , Minikin Andreas 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
In the frame of validation of the spatial observations from the radiometer IIR on board CALIPSO, the two airborne campaigns Cirrus Cloud Experiment (CIRCLE)-2 and Biscay ‘08 took place in 2007 and 2008 in the western part of France, over the Atlantic Ocean. During these experiments, remote sensing measurements were made over cirrus clouds, right under the track of Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) in space and time collocation. For this purpose, a Falcon-20 aircraft was equipped with the Lidar pour l’Etude des Interactions Aérosols Nuages Dynamique Rayonnement et du Cycle de l’Eau (LEANDRE)-New Generation (NG) and the thermal infrared radiometer Conveyable Low-Noise Infrared Radiometer for Measurements of Atmosphere and Ground Surface Targets (CLIMAT)-Airborne Version (AV), whose spectral characteristics are strongly similar to those of the infrared imaging radiometer (IIR). In situ measurements were also taken in cirrus clouds during CIRCLE-2. After comparisons, consistent agreements are found between brightness temperatures measured by CLIMAT-AV and IIR. However, deviations in the brightness temperature measurements are still observed, mainly in the 8.6-μm channels. Simulations using a radiative transfer code are performed along a perfectly clear-sky area to show that these dissimilarities are inherent in slight differences between the spectral channels of both radiometers, and in differences between their altitudes. Cloudy and imperfectly clear areas are found to be harder to interpret, but the measurements are still coherent by taking into account experimental uncertainties. In the end, IIR measurements can be validated unambiguously.
Assessing Moonlight Availability for Nighttime Environmental Applications by Low-Light Visible Polar-Orbiting Satellite Sensors
Authors: Miller Steven D. , Combs Cynthia L. , Kidder Stanley Q. , Lee Thomas F. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
The next-generation U.S. polar-orbiting environmental satellite program, the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), promises unprecedented capabilities for nighttime remote sensing by way of the day/night band (DNB) low-light visible sensor. The DNB will use moonlight illumination to characterize properties of the atmosphere and surface that conventionally have been limited to daytime observations. Since the moon is a highly variable source of visible light, an important question is where and when various levels of lunar illumination will be available. Here, nighttime moonlight availability was examined based on simulations done in the context of Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)/DNB coverage and sensitivity. Results indicate that roughly 45% of all JPSS-orbit [sun-synchronous, 1330 local equatorial crossing time on the ascending node (LTAN)] nighttime observations in the tropics and midlatitudes would provide levels of moonlight at crescent moon or greater. Two other orbits, 1730 and 2130 LTAN, were also considered. The inclusion of a 2130 LTAN satellite would provide similar availability to 1330 LTAN in terms of total moonlit nights, but with approximately a third of those nights being additional because of this orbit’s capture of a different portion of the lunar cycle. Nighttime availability is highly variable for near-terminator orbits. A 1-h shift from the 1730 LTAN near-terminator orbit to 1630 LTAN would nearly double the nighttime availability globally from this orbit, including expanded availability at midlatitudes. In contrast, a later shift to 1830 LTAN has a negligible effect. The results are intended to provide high-level guidance for mission planners, algorithm developers, and various users of low-light applications from these future satellite programs.
Assimilating AIRS Temperature and Mixing Ratio Profiles Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach for Convective-Scale Forecasts
Authors: Jones Thomas A. , Stensrud David J. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
One satellite data product that has received great interest in the numerical weather prediction community is the temperature and mixing ratio profiles derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument on board the Aqua satellite. This research assesses the impact of assimilating AIRS profiles on high-resolution ensemble forecasts of southern plains severe weather events occurring on 26 May 2009 and 10 May 2010 by comparing two ensemble forecasts. In one ensemble, the 1830 and 2000 UTC level 2 AIRS temperature and dewpoint profiles are assimilated with all other routine observations into a 36-member, 15-km Weather and Research Forecast Model (WRF) ensemble using a Kalman filter approach. The other ensemble is identical, except that only routine observations are assimilated. In addition, 3-km one-way nested-grid ensemble forecasts are produced during the periods of convection. Results indicate that over the contiguous United States, the AIRS profiles do not measurably improve the ensemble mean forecasts of midtropospheric temperature and dewpoint. However, the ensemble mean dewpoint profiles in the region of severe convective development are improved by the AIRS assimilation. Comparisons of the forecast ensemble radar reflectivity probabilities between the 1- and 4-h forecast times with nearby Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) observations show that AIRS-enhanced ensembles consistently generate more skillful forecasts of the convective features at these times.
Earthquakes on the Mind
Authors: Helton William S. , Head James 
Published: January 2012

Objective: The present study explored the impact a natural disaster has on human performance. Background: Previous research indicates that traffic accidents increase after disasters. A plausible explanation for this finding is that disasters induce cognitive disruption and this disruption negatively affects performance (e.g., driving quality). Method: A total of 16 participants (7 men and 9 women) performed a sustained-attention-to-response task before and after a 7.1-magnitude earthquake. Performance (errors of omission, errors of commission, and reaction time) was compared before and after the earthquake. Results: Errors of omission increased after the earthquake. Changes in errors of commission and reaction times were, however, dependent on individual differences in stress response to the earthquake. Conclusion: The results indicate that natural disasters may have a negative impact on performance. Application: Communities need to be aware of the increased risk of accidents following disasters and develop countermeasures, including individualized assessment tools.
Maṭhas and Medieval Religious Movements in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Karashima N. , Subbarayalu Y. , Shanmugam P. 
Published: January 2012

This is a continuation and the concluding part of our epigraphical study on maṭhas and medieval religious movements in Tamil Nadu published in Indian Historical Review’s 2010 issue, in which we examined the inscriptions referring to maṭhas in order to learn about their activities during the four hundred years up to 1300 CE, covering the Chola period. In this study, we have examined the inscriptions for the next four centuries covering the Pandyan and Vijayanagar periods. Our purpose was to clarify the medieval religious movements that might have occurred, but about which nothing is known from religious texts of the period. The inscriptions, however, reveal many facts: an influx of North Indian Brāhmaṇa ascetics into the Chola country in the eleventh century; participation by various people, including low-ranked jātis, in maṭha activities from the twelfth century; the recitation of Dēvāram hymns and Tirumuṟai in maṭhas, including Gōḷaki ones, in the thirteenth century; and references to the Meykaṇḍār lineage from the fifteenth century. The chronological distribution of the inscriptions clearly shows that some religious movements did occur through the maṭhas during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. They all show that the religious movement was closely related to contemporary social change, through which various non-Brāhmaṇa communities increased their power greatly. This brought about the establishment of Tamil Saivasiddhantism in Tamil Nadu in the thirteenth century.
Polyamidoamine dendron-bearing lipid assemblies: Their morphologies and gene transfection ability
Authors: Iwashita Shinki , Hiramatsu Yoshie , Otani Takayuki , Amano Chie , Hirai Masahiko , Oie Kazunori , Yuba Eiji , Kono Kenji , Miyamoto Masaaki , Igarashi Koichi 
Published: January 2012

Assembly morphology made from lipids is controlled by the balance between the polar headgroup and the hydrophobic tails. In this study, we showed the various generations of polyamidoamine dendron-bearing lipids could form various assembly morphologies. Furthermore, the effect of the assembly morphologies made from dendron-bearing lipids for transfection abilities were examined. We synthesized three novel dendron-bearing lipids, DL-U2-G1 (G1), DL-U2-G2 (G2), and DL-U2-G3 (G3), which included first, second, and third generation polyamidoamine dendrons, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that lipoplexes (complexes with cationic lipids and plasmid DNA) comprising G1 had multilamellar structures. G2 presented as aggregates of cubic particles and G3 exhibited clusters of spherical micelles. The ability to form complexes with plasmid DNA was in the decreasing order G3 > G2 > G1; calcein release from endosomes was in the order G3 > G2, G1; and transfection activity followed the order G1 > G2, G3. Interaction of the lipoplexes with heparin suggests that G3 had a lower level of plasmid DNA dissociation from lipoplexes than G1 in vitro. These results suggest that the size of the DL-U2 headgroup determines assembly morphology and that the structure markedly affects transfection activity.