bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resection and Primary Anastomosis without Diverting Ileostomy for Left Colon Emergencies: Is it a Safe Procedure?
Authors: Jiménez Fuertes Montiel , Costa Navarro David 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionLarge‐bowel obstruction and perforation are still frequently occurring entities for the acute care surgeon. In these cases, Hartmann’s procedure is the most commonly used surgical technique. However, recent papers demonstrate that colon resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) in the emergency setting is a safe and feasible procedure. We present our series of left colon resection and primary anastomosis procedures from Torrevieja Hospital (Alicante, Spain), performed without bowel irrigation or a diverting ileostomy.Materials and methodsThirty‐two RPA procedures were performed in emergency settings for perforation or obstruction, or both, during an 18‐month period. The following data were prospectively collected: age, gender, nationality, diagnoses, ASA score, body mass index (BMI), POSSUM score (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and morbidity), and the score according to the Hinchey classification. Furthermore, duration of the operation, length of postoperative hospital stay, and mortality and morbidity data were recorded.ResultsSixteen of these patients were diagnosed with acute diverticulitis, 14 patients with neoplasm (of which 9 cases had obstruction, 2 cases had perforation, and 3 cases had both), and foreign body perforation in the remaining 2 cases. The mean hospital stay was 7.8 (range, 4–10) days. The physiological POSSUM score was 24.4 (range, 15–39), and the surgical POSSUM score was 19.8 (range, 16–24). None of the patients died (0% mortality). Seven patients developed some kind of complication (21.9%), all of which were managed conservatively.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that RPA for left colon obstruction and perforation in emergency settings can be safely performed in certain surgical conditions.
Two‐stage Hepatectomy: Tape It and Hang It, While You Can
Authors: Scatton Olivier , Katsanos Georgios , Soubrane Olivier 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundTwo stage hepatectomy is currently a method of choice for the treatment of multifocal bilobar hepatic lesions, especially in the setting of hepatic metastases of colorectal malignancies. We describe a technique that facilitates second‐stage hepatectomy by taping the major vascular structures of the right liver and performing a hanging maneuver during the first stage.TechniqueAt the first‐stage hepatectomy, the right hepatic artery and the right portal branch are dissected free and taped with color‐coded silicone tapes. A classic hanging maneuver is performed using a silicone loop. These three loops are left in situ until the second‐stage hepatectomy.ResultsDuring the second‐stage hepatectomy, the presence of the vascular tapes appears a major aid in the subsequent dissection and control of the major vascular structures, and the hanging loop helps parenchymal section and surgeon orientation, without liver mobilization. Six patients underwent this procedure. In one patient a biliary leak developed after the first‐stage procedure, and this required reoperation for drainage. Although there is a risk of thrombosis in this setting, there were no vascular complications related to the tape positioning, nor was there any incidence of infection related to the use of the silicone tape.ConclusionsThe technique described here has been in regular use in our department since 2009, and in our experience, it may facilitate second‐stage hepatectomy.
Intraperitoneal Mesh Implantation for Fascial Dehiscence and Open Abdomen
Authors: Scholtes Moritz , Kurmann Anita , Seiler Christian A. , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative fascial dehiscence and open abdomen are severe postoperative complications and are associated with surgical site infections, fistula, and hernia formation at long‐term follow‐up. This study was designed to investigate whether intraperitoneal implantation of a composite prosthetic mesh is feasible and safe.MethodsA total of 114 patients with postoperative fascial dehiscence and open abdomen who had undergone surgery between 2001 and 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Contaminated (wound class 3) or dirty wounds (wound class 4) were present in all patients. A polypropylene‐based composite mesh was implanted intraperitoneally in 51 patients, and in 63 patients the abdominal wall was closed without mesh implantation. The primary endpoint was incidence of incisional hernia, and the incidence of enterocutaneous fistula was a secondary endpoint.ResultsThe incidence of enterocutaneous fistulas after wound closure post‐fascial dehiscence (13% vs. 6% without and with mesh, respectively) or post‐open abdomen (22% vs. 28% without and with mesh, respectively) was not significantly different. The incidence of incisional hernia was significantly lower with mesh implantation compared with no‐mesh implantation in both contaminated (4% vs. 28%; p = 0.025) and dirty abdominal cavities (5% vs. 34%; p = 0.01).ConclusionsIntra‐abdominal contamination is not a contraindication for intra‐abdominal mesh implantation. The incidence of enterocutaneous fistula is not elevated despite the presence of contamination. The rate of incisional hernias is significantly reduced after intraperitoneal mesh implantation for postoperative fascial dehiscence or open abdomen.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Visualization versus Neuromonitoring of the External Branch of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve during Thyroidectomy
Authors: Barczyński Marcin , Konturek Aleksander , Stopa Małgorzata , Honowska Agnieszka , Nowak Wojciech 
Published: March 2012

AbstractBackgroundInjury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) during thyroidectomy results in a lowered fundamental frequency of the voice and deteriorated voice performance in producing high‐frequency sounds. It remains unclear if the use of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) can improve the clinical outcome of thyroidectomy in terms of preserved individual voice performance. This study was designed to test that hypothesis.MethodsA total of 210 consenting female patients planned for total thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to two groups equal in size (n = 105): visual inspection of the EBSLN and RLN vs. this plus additional EBSLN and RLN monitoring. The primary outcome was the identification rate of the EBSLN. The secondary outcomes included: anatomical variability of the EBSLN according to the Cernea classification and changes in postoperative voice performance. Voice assessment included pre‐ and postoperative videostrobolaryngoscopy and an analysis of maximum phonation time (MPT), voice level (VL), fundamental frequency (Fo), and voice quality rating on the GRBAS scale.ResultsThe following differences were found for operations without vs. with IONM: identification rate of the EBSLN was 34.3 % vs. 83.8 % (p < 0.001), whereas a 10 % or higher decrease in phonation parameters was found in 10 % vs. 2 % patients for MPT (p = 0.018), 13 % vs. 2 % for VL (p = 0.003), and 9 % vs. 1 % for Fo (p = 0.03), a change in the GRBAS scale > 4 points in 7 % vs. 1 % (p = 0.03), and temporary RLN injury was found in 2 % vs. 1 % (p = 0.56), respectively.ConclusionsThe use of IONM significantly improved the identification rate of the EBSLN during thyroidectomy, as well as reduced the risk of early phonation changes after thyroidectomy.
The Distribution of Survival Times after Injury
Authors: Clark David E. , Qian Jing , Sihler Kristen C. , Hallagan Lee D. , Betensky Rebecca A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe distribution of survival times after injury has been described as “trimodal,” but several studies have not confirmed this. The purpose of this study was to clarify the distribution of survival times after injury.MethodsWe defined survival time (ts) as the interval between injury time and declared death time. We constructed histograms for ts ≤ 150 min from the 2004–2007 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS, for traffic crashes) and National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS, for homicides). We estimated statistical models in which death times known only within intervals were treated as interval‐censored. For confirmation, we also obtained EMS response times (tr), prehospital times (tp), and hospital times (th) for decedents in the 2008 National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) with ts = tp + th ≤ 150. We approximated times until circulatory arrest (tx) as tr for patients pulseless at the injury scene, tp for other patients pulseless at hospital admission, and ts for the rest; for any declared ts, we calculated mean tx/ts. We used this ratio to estimate tx for hospital deaths in FARS or NVDRS and provide independent support for using interval‐censored methods.ResultsFARS and NVDRS deaths were most frequent in the first few minutes. Both showed a second peak at 35–40 min after injury, corresponding to peaks in hospital deaths. Third peaks were not present. Estimated tx in FARS and NVDRS did not show second peaks and were similar to estimates treating some death times as interval‐censored.ConclusionsIncreases in frequency of survival times at 35–40 min are primarily artifacts created because declaration of death in hospitals is delayed until completing resuscitative attempts. By avoiding these artifacts, interval censoring methods are useful for analysis of injury survival times.
One or two cameras per station? Monitoring jaguars and other mammals in the Amazon
Authors: Negrões Nuno , Sollmann Rahel , Fonseca Carlos , Jácomo Anah T. A. , Revilla Eloy , Silveira Leandro 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCamera trapping has become a popular technique to monitor carnivore populations due to its usefulness in estimating abundance. Nevertheless, there are a number of problems associated with study design which are motivating researchers to search for a compromise that ensures improvement of precision while being cost‐effective. We have used data from a capture–recapture study in a forested area in central Brazil to evaluate the effectiveness of using one versus two cameras per trapping station for determining jaguar (Panthera onca) density and capture rates of several other mammals. The capture rate for the jaguar and other species recorded with only one camera was lower than that with two cameras. The number of jaguars identified using photos from one camera ranged between six and seven animals, but reached ten individuals when two‐camera sets were used where pictures of both flanks could be positively individualized. These differences, combined with different estimates of effective sampled area size, resulted in jaguar densities estimates ranging from 2.18 to 5.40 and 3.99 individuals/100 km2 when one and two cameras were used per station, respectively (using the half‐MMDM and Heterogeneity model). Based on our results, we recommend the use of two cameras per station for jaguar density monitoring to ensure reasonable levels of reliability and accuracy of estimates despite a small sample size.
The utility of erythrocyte sedimentation rate values and white blood cell counts after spinal deformity surgery in the early (≤3 months) post-operative period
Authors: Kuhn Margaret G. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Bridwell Keith H. , O'Donnell June C. , Luhmann Scott J. 
Published: March 2012

Purpose The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cell (WBC) count are frequently obtained in the work-up of post-operative fever. However, their diagnostic utility depends upon comparison with normative peri-operative trends which have not yet been described. The purpose of this study is to define a range of erythrocyte sedimentation rates and white blood cell counts following spinal instrumentation and fusion in non-infected patients. Methods Seventy-five patients underwent spinal instrumentation and fusion. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white blood cell count were recorded pre-operatively, at 3 and 7 days post-operatively, and at 1 and 3 months post-operatively. Results Both erythrocyte sedimentation rate and white blood cell count trends demonstrated an early peak, followed by a gradual return to normal. Peak erythrocyte sedimentation rates occurred within the first week post-operatively in 98% of patients. Peak white blood cell counts occurred with the first week in 85% of patients. In the absence of infection, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was abnormally elevated in 78% of patients at 1 month and in 53% of patients at 3 months post-operatively. The white blood cell count was abnormally elevated in only 6% of patients at 1 month post-operatively. Longer surgical time was associated with elevated white cell count at 1 week post-operatively. The fusion of more vertebral levels had a negative relationship with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 1 week post-operatively. The anterior surgical approach was associated with significantly lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 1 month post-operatively and with lower white cell count at 1 week post-operatively. Conclusion In non-infected spinal fusion surgeries, erythrocyte sedimentation rates are in the abnormal range in 78% of patients at 1 month and in 53% of patients at 3 months post-operatively, suggesting that the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is of limited diagnostic value in the early post-operative period.
The bushmeat market in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo: implications for conservation and food security
Authors: van Vliet Nathalie , Nebesse Casimir , Gambalemoke Sylvestre , Akaibe Dudu , Nasi Robert 
Published: March 2012

AbstractGiven the important contribution of urban consumption in bushmeat trade, information on bushmeat sales in urban markets can provide valuable insights for understanding the dynamics of this trade and its implications for conservation and food security. We monitored bushmeat traded in the market of Kisangani (the provincial capital of the Province Orientale in the Democratic Republic of Congo) and compared data collected in surveys in 2002 and 2008–2009. In both periods more than two-thirds of the carcasses sold were of rodents and ungulates. From 2002 to 2008–2009 the number of carcasses increased by 44% but the equivalent biomass by only 16% because of a significant decrease in medium-sized species (10–50 kg) and an increase in small species (<10 kg). The number of carcasses of large species increased between the two periods and those of diurnal monkeys increased fourfold. In both periods smoked bushmeat was one of the cheapest sources of protein available year-round, together with caterpillars, which were only available during the rainy season, and pork. Prices of other domestic meat were significantly higher. This study identified an increase in the market of highly threatened species such as okapiOkapia johnstoniand small diurnal monkeys and the continued presence of protected species, and also highlights the food security role that bushmeat plays for poor urban people who cannot afford alternative sources of protein.
First census of the white-shouldered ibis Pseudibis davisoni reveals roost-site mismatch with Cambodia's protected areas
Authors: Wright Hugh L. , Collar Nigel J. , Lake Iain R. , Norin Net , Vann Rours , Ko Sok , Phearun Sum , Dolman Paul M. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe population size of the Critically Endangered white-shouldered ibis Pseudibis davisoni has always been poorly known. The first-ever census across Cambodia in 2009–2010 using simultaneous counts at multiple roost sites found substantially more birds than previously estimated, with a minimum of 523 individuals. The census allowed us to make a revised global population estimate of 731–856 individuals, increasing hope for the species' long-term survival. However, the largest subpopulations are imminently threatened by development and c. 75% of the birds counted in Cambodia were outside protected areas.
Determination of geomorphological and volumetric variations in the 1970 land volcanic craters area (Deception Island, Antarctica) from 1968 using historical and current maps, remote sensing and GNSS
Authors: Berrocoso M. , Torrecillas C. , Jigena B. , Fernández-Ros A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractDuring the nearly 40 years covered by the study, major height differences of over ± 25 m have been revealed in the volcanic landscape of the 1970 craters in Deception Island, an active volcano in the South Shetland Islands (West Antarctica). In the last 14 years, the mean volcanic filling rate has been 1 m yr-1 and the mean erosion rate has been -0.2 m yr-1. There has been considerable landform modification mainly associated with landslide-induced accumulation, and erosion may indicate the craters’ fill over the next 30–40 years. Deception Island's eruptions have been recorded since 1842. Special attention was paid to the zones affected by the most recent volcanic events and the geomorphological changes that have taken place in those zones since then (e.g. the 1970 volcanic craters area in the last episode occurring between 1967 and 1970). Historical maps (produced before and just after the 1970 eruption) were compared with maps plotted in 1992 and updated using a 2003 image from the Quickbird satellite and data obtained with Global Navigation Satellite System technology in 2006. Techniques used included both geodetic transformation and the geometric correcting of maps.
Anxiety disorders in older people
Authors: Lindesay James , Stewart Robert , Bisla Jatinder 
Published: March 2012

SummaryThis article reviews the research into anxiety disorders in adults aged 65 years and older that has been published over the past ten years. The topics covered include: the construct of anxiety and its disorders in this age group; epidemiology, including prevalence, incidence, course, outlook, and risk factors; assessment scales; co-morbidity and differential diagnosis (depression, dementia, physical illness); and management, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. There has been a significant improvement in our understanding of these disorders in older adults over this period, but evidence to support their treatment and prevention is still quite sparse.
Single-catheter radiofrequency ablation of a permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia in a premature neonate
Authors: Femenía Francisco , Sarquella-Brugada Georgia , Brugada Josep 
Published: March 2012

AbstractA 34-week premature neonate presented with drug-refractory permanent junctional incessant tachycardia and haemodynamic compromise. The patient underwent successful radiofrequency catheter ablation using a single-catheter approach. The child remains in sinus rhythm, without pharmacological treatment, 2 years after the procedure.
Fatness is not a factor of fitness: analysis of cardiorespiratory data from healthy children over an 8-year period
Authors: Brothers Julie , McBride Michael , Paridon Alex , Zhang Xuemei , Paridon Stephen 
Published: March 2012

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate exercise performance and body mass index in healthy children over an 8-year period in order to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness has decreased relative to changes in body mass index in our patient population.MethodThis study is a retrospective review of anthropometric and cardiorespiratory fitness data from our hospital's Exercise Physiology Laboratory's database on 1201 healthy children (6–18 years) with structurally normal hearts who performed one cycle ergometry test between 1999 and 2006. Subjects were stratified by gender and age. Body mass index was compared between 1999–2002 (Early Group) and 2003–2006 (Late Group) and with national averages. Exercise outcome variables were maximal oxygen consumption, anaerobic threshold, physical working capacity indexed to body weight. Analysis of variance was used to detect differences between groups for each outcome variable.ResultsBody mass index was not significantly different from national data (p-value equals 0.79) or between groups. A negative trend (p-value greater than 0.15 less than 0.20) was observed among most indices of exercise performance between Early and Late Groups. Significantly lower anaerobic threshold was found among males between Early and Late Group (25.7 plus or minus 0.9 versus 23.4 plus or minus 1.6 millilitres per kilogram per minute, p-value less than 0.01), and in physical working capacity among females between Early and Late Groups (2.9 plus or minus 0.1 versus 2.7 plus or minus 0.1, p-value less than 0.05).ConclusionsCardiorespiratory fitness in males and working capacity in females declined over time independent of body mass index. This suggests that other measures may need to be evaluated for promotion of overall cardiovascular health.
Health labelling can influence taste perception and use of table salt for reduced-sodium products
Authors: Liem Djin Gie , Miremadi Fatemeh , Zandstra Elizabeth H , Keast Russell SJ 
Published: March 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effect of front-of-pack labels on taste perception and use of table salt for currently available and sodium-reduced soups.DesignWithin-subject design.SettingSensory laboratory.SubjectsParticipants (n 50, mean age 34·8 (sd 13·6) years) were randomly served nine soups (250 ml each) across 3 d. Servings differed in: (i) health label (i.e. no health label, reduced-salt label or Heart Foundation Tick); and (ii) sodium reduction (no reduction – benchmark, 15 % less sodium or 30 % less sodium). Before tasting, participants rated their expected salt intensity and liking. After tasting, participants rated their perceived salt intensity and liking, after which they could add salt to the soup to make it more palatable.ResultsReduced-salt labels generated a negative taste expectation and actual taste experience in terms of liking (P < 0·05) and perceived saltiness (P < 0·05). Perceived saltiness of sodium-reduced soups decreased more (P < 0·05), and consumers added more salt (P < 0·05), when soups carried the reduced-salt label. The tick logo and soups without health labels had no such influence on taste perception.ConclusionsEmphasizing salt reduction by means of a front-of-pack label can have a negative effect on taste perception and salt use, especially when consumers are able to taste differences between their regular soup and the sodium-reduced soup. Overall health logos which do not emphasize the reduction in salt are less likely to affect perceived salt intensity and therefore are viable solutions to indicate the healthiness of sodium-reduced products.