bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Expression of IL-22 Suppresses Antigen-Induced Immune Responses and Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation via an IL-10–Associated Mechanism
Authors: Nakagome Kazuyuki , Imamura Mitsuru , Kawahata Kimito , Harada Hiroaki , Okunishi Katsuhide , Matsumoto Taku , Sasaki Oh , Tanaka Ryoichi , Kano Mitsunobu R. , Chang He , Hanawa Haruo , Miyazaki Jun-ichi , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Dohi Makoto 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Allergic inflammation in the airway is generally considered a Th2-type immune response. However, Th17-type immune responses also play important roles in this process, especially in the pathogenesis of severe asthma. IL-22 is a Th17-type cytokine and thus might play roles in the development of allergic airway inflammation. There is increasing evidence that IL-22 can act as a proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokine depending on the inflammatory context. However, its role in Ag-induced immune responses is not well understood. This study examined whether IL-22 could suppress allergic airway inflammation and its mechanism of action. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA-Ag to induce airway inflammation. An IL-22–producing plasmid vector was delivered before the systemic sensitization or immediately before the airway challenge. Delivery of the IL-22 gene before sensitization, but not immediately before challenge, suppressed eosinophilic airway inflammation. IL-22 gene delivery suppressed Ag-induced proliferation and overall cytokine production in CD4+ T cells, indicating that it could suppress Ag-induced T cell priming. Antagonism of IL-22 by IL-22–binding protein abolished IL-22–induced immune suppression, suggesting that IL-22 protein itself played an essential role. IL-22 gene delivery neither increased regulatory T cells nor suppressed dendritic cell functions. The suppression by IL-22 was abolished by deletion of the IL-10 gene or neutralization of the IL-10 protein. Finally, IL-22 gene delivery increased IL-10 production in draining lymph nodes. These findings suggested that IL-22 could have an immunosuppressive effect during the early stage of an immune response. Furthermore, IL-10 plays an important role in the immune suppression by IL-22.
B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Restricts the Protective Immune Response against Experimental Malaria
Authors: Adler Guido , Steeg Christiane , Pfeffer Klaus , Murphy Theresa L. , Murphy Kenneth M. , Langhorne Jean , Jacobs Thomas 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The immune response against the blood stage of malaria has to be tightly regulated to allow for vigorous antiplasmodial activity while restraining potentially lethal immunopathologic damage to the host like cerebral malaria. Coinhibitory cell surface receptors are important modulators of immune activation. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) (CD272) is a coinhibitory receptor expressed by most leukocytes, with the highest expression levels on T and B cells, and is involved in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance by dampening the activation of lymphocytes. The function of BTLA is described in several models of inflammatory disorders and autoimmunity, but its function in infectious diseases is less well characterized. Also, little is known about the influence of BTLA on non-T cells. In this study, we analyzed the function of BTLA during blood-stage malaria infection with the nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii strain 17NL. We show that BTLA knockout mice exhibit strongly reduced parasitemia and clear the infection earlier compared with wild-type mice. This increased resistance was seen before the onset of adaptive immune mechanisms and even in the absence of T and B cells but was more pronounced at later time points when activation of T and B cells was observed. We demonstrate that BTLA regulates production of proinflammatory cytokines in a T cell-intrinsic way and B cell intrinsically regulates the production of P. yoelii 17NL-specific Abs. These results indicate that the coinhibitory receptor BTLA plays a critical role during experimental malaria and attenuates the innate as well as the subsequent adaptive immune response.
Ex Vivo IL-1 Receptor Type I Expression in Human CD4+ T Cells Identifies an Early Intermediate in the Differentiation of Th17 from FOXP3+ Naive Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Raffin Caroline , Raimbaud Isabelle , Valmori Danila , Ayyoub Maha 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
IL-17–producing CD4+ Th (Th17) cells are a unique subset of proinflammatory cells expressing the retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt and associated with different forms of inflammatory autoimmune pathologies. The development of Th17 cells, mediated by TGF-β and IL-1, is closely related to that of FOXP3+ suppressor/regulatory T cells (Treg). In this study, we report that ex vivo expression of IL-1RI in human circulating CD4+ T cells identifies a subpopulation of FOXP3+ Treg that coexpress retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt, secrete IL-17, and are highly enriched among CCR7+ central memory cells. Consistent with the concept that IL-1RI expression in Treg identifies a subpopulation at an early stage of differentiation, we show that, in Th17 populations differentiated in vitro from natural naive FOXP3+ Treg, IL-1RI+ IL-17–secreting cells are central memory cells, whereas IL-1RI− cells secreting IL-17 are effector memory cells. Together with the absence of detectable IL-1RI and IL-17 expression in resting naive CD4+ T cells, these data identify circulating CCR7+ Treg expressing IL-1RI ex vivo as early intermediates along an IL-1–controlled differentiation pathway leading from naive FOXP3+ Treg to Th17 effectors. We further show that, whereas IL-1RI+ central memory Treg respond to stimulation in the presence of IL-1 by generating IL-17–secreting effectors, a significant fraction of them maintain FOXP3 expression, consistent with an important role of this population in maintaining the Treg/Th17 memory pool in vivo.
Enrichment of Functionally Distinct Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Populations Using CD62L
Authors: Cho Scott , Spangrude Gerald J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The details of the bifurcation of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages following commitment by multipotent progenitor cells (MPP) remain a topic of controversy. We report that the surface glycoprotein CD62L can be characterized as a novel marker of this and other stages of early hematopoietic differentiation. Cell isolation and transplant studies demonstrated CD62Lneg/low long-term hematopoietic stem cells and CD62Lhigh MPP within the traditionally defined c-kitposLinneg/lowSca-1pos stem/progenitor cell population. Within the MPP population, previously defined as c-kitposLinneg/lowSca-1pos–Thy-1.1negFlt3pos, Sca-1 and CD62L resolved four populations and segregated Sca-1highCD62Lneg/low MPP from Sca-1highCD62Lhigh leukocyte-biased progenitors. Using a novel transplantation method that allows tracking of erythroid and platelet engraftment as an alternative to the classical method of in vitro colony formation, we characterized Sca-1highCD62Lneg/low cells as MPP, based on transient engraftment of these lineages. These data establish CD62L as a useful tool in the study of early hematopoiesis and emphasize the power of trilineage-engraftment studies in establishing the lineage potential of MPP subsets.
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 Regulates Antibody Production and Maintenance of Lymphoid Architecture
Authors: Chaimowitz Natalia S. , Martin Rebecca K. , Cichy Joanna , Gibb David R. , Patil Pooja , Kang Dae-Joong , Farnsworth Julie , Butcher Eugene C. , McCright Brent , Conrad Daniel H. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is a zinc-dependent proteinase related to matrix metalloproteinases. ADAM10 has emerged as a key regulator of cellular processes by cleaving and shedding extracellular domains of multiple transmembrane receptors and ligands. We have developed B cell-specific ADAM10-deficient mice (ADAM10B−/−). In this study, we show that ADAM10 levels are significantly enhanced on germinal center B cells. Moreover, ADAM10B−/− mice had severely diminished primary and secondary responses after T-dependent immunization. ADAM10B−/− displayed impaired germinal center formation, had fewer follicular Th cells, decreased follicular dendritic cell networks, and altered chemokine expression in draining lymph nodes (LNs). Interestingly, when spleen and LN structures from immunized mice were analyzed for B and T cell localization, tissues structure was aberrant in ADAM10B−/− mice. Importantly, when ADAM10-deficient B cells were stimulated in vitro, they produced comparable Ab as wild type B cells. This result demonstrates that the defects in humoral responses in vivo result from inadequate B cell activation, likely because of the decrease in follicular Th cells and the changes in structure. Thus, ADAM10 is essential for the maintenance of lymphoid structure after Ag challenge.
Therapist–Child Interaction in the Middle Minutes of Sensory Integration Treatment
Authors: Dunkerley Erin , Tickle-Degnen Linda , Coster Wendy J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to describe the management of challenge during therapist-child interaction in sensory integration treatment. This descriptive and relational study of the middle minutes of treatment sessions partially replicated an earlier study of the beginning minutes. One minute Videotape clips taken from the middle minutes of 38 treatment sessions were shown to therapist judges who rated qualities of therapist and child behavior. Two patterns emerged from the correlations of ratings: work and playfulness. Work for the child involved trying hard, cooperating, and seeking assistance, whereas work for the therapist involved assisting and guiding the child. Play for the child included enjoying the activity, being successful and confident, and trying hard. For the therapist, play involved being creative and behaving playfully. Patterns of work and play were different across different levels of challenge to the child.
Jewish Spirituality Through Actions in Time: Daily Occupations of Young Orthodox Jewish Couples in Los Angeles
Authors: Frank Gelya , Bernardo Carol Sue , Tropper Shonna , Noguchi Frank , Lipman Carey , Maulhardt Beth , Weitze Laura 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Ethnographic methods were used to study daily occupations and weekly routines of four young Orthodox Jewish couples living in Los Angeles. Data from interviews and participant observation demonstrate the importance to the couples of fulfilling God’s commandments [Hebrew, mitzvot], which organize and sanctify the otherwise mundane activities of daily living, such as eating, bathing, sleeping, and rising. The article focuses on the couples’ experiences in (a) observing the Sabbath, (b) studying and praying, and (c) keeping a kosher home. Orthodox Jewish ritual, practice, and spirituality are time bound and action oriented. Occupational therapists can benefit from understanding how Orthodox Jews invest and experience spiritual meaning in seemingly mundane occupations and routines.
Competency Beliefs and Occupational Role Behavior Among Adolescents: Explication of the Personal Causation Construct
Authors: Henry Alexis D. , Coster Wendy J. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
According to the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), beliefs regarding competency can influence whether a person’s occupational role behavior is adaptive or maladaptive. Such beliefs are considered to be part of a person’s sense of “personal causation.” This article reviews some of the theoretical underpinnings of the personal causation construct. Issues addressed are the distinction between competency beliefs and locus of control (another aspect of personal causation according to the MOHO); the domain-specific nature of competency beliefs; and, in particular, the evidence for a relationship between competency beliefs and actual behavior. The article focuses on competency beliefs and their relationship to three domains of occupational behavior that have relevance for adolescents: academic ability, social competence, and physical competence. Implications for clinical practice with adolescents with psychiatric disorders are addressed.
Occupational Therapy Practice: Focusing on Occupational Performance
Authors: Baum Carolyn M. , Law Mary 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Changes in the health system require occupational therapy practitioners to focus their concerns on the long-term health needs of people and to help them develop healthy behaviors not only to improve their health, but also to minimize the health care costs associated with dysfunction. Occupational therapy practitioners must initiate efforts in the community to integrate a range of services that promote, protect, and improve the health of the public. This article shares the experiences of Canadian occupational therapy practitioners, who were challenged by their government nearly 15 years ago to establish a system that demonstrates effectiveness by improving the health of occupational therapy clients.
By focusing on occupational performance, occupational therapy practitioners assist clients in becoming actively engaged in their life activities. This requires client-centered and family-centered practice and services that span from the agency or institution to the community. Occupational therapy practitioners must work collaboratively with persons in the client’s environment (e.g., family members, teachers, independent living specialists, employers, neighbors, friends) to assist the client in obtaining skills and to make modifications to remove barriers that create a social disadvantage. A focus on occupational performance requires occupational therapy personnel to reframe how we think about occupational therapy to a sociomedical context and to take an active role in building healthy communities.
Off-Road Driving Evaluations for Persons With Cerebral Injury: A Factor Analytic Study of Predriver and Simulator Testing
Authors: Galski Thomas , Ehle Holly T. , Williams J. Bradley 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objectives. Off-road evaluations composed of psychometric testing and simulator driving are commonly used in rehabilitation settings to assess a person's fitness to resume driving after a cerebral injury. Although the results of these evaluation methods separately provide information about ability to drive, there is no clear understanding about what is measured in comprehensive off-road evaluations as a whole. This study explored the interrelationship of perceptual, cognitive, behavioral, and operational variables that form the basic for off-road evaluations in order to determine whether there are basic dimensions underlying performance in these evaluations and to derive a small set of variables that could help in refining methods for evaluating persons with cerebral injuries.
Methods. One-hundred six persons with cerebral damage due to brain injury or cerebrovascular accident were administered a predriver evaluation that consisted of selected neuropsychometric tests. Subjects were also evaluated in a driving simulator that measured their operational responses to filmed driving situations and assessed their behaviors. Principal component analysis was used to identify manifest and latent variables contributing to the results of the evaluations.
Results. The analysis produced a model with five independent (orthogonal) eigenvectors, or factors, for this population: Higher Order Visuospatial Abilities, Basic Visual Recognition and Responding, Anticipatory Braking, Defensive Steering, and Behavioral Manifestations of Complex Attention. These factors accounted for 66.14% of the total variance in the subjects’ responses to comprehensive off-road evaluations.
Conclusion. These factors were useful in understanding driving performance and the role of predriver and simulator testing in driver evaluations.
Comparison of the Test–Retest Reliability of the Work Box™ Using Three Administrative Methods
Authors: Speller Loucretia , Trollinger Judith A. , Maurer Patti A. , Nelson Craig E. , Bauer David F. 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare the test–retest reliability of three administrative methods of the Work Box™: (a) the original instructions, (b) a revised version of the original instructions, and (c) another revised version that was based on suggestions made by authors of the first two versions of the instructions.
Method. Sixty subjects without disabilities were randomly grouped so that 20 subjects were tested per administrative method. The assessment was administered to each subject on two occasions, with a 7-day to 14-day period between tests. Scores were recorded as time in seconds, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to calculate the reliability.
Results. The ICCs for assembly, disassembly, and total scores were .589, .604, and .654, respectively, for the original instructions; .424, .572, and .545 for the revised instructions; and .781, .579, and .717 for the second revised instructions. Reliability was found to be higher for men than for women and for subjects who claimed to have more rather than less experience in similar manual dexterity tasks.
Conclusions. On the basis of the reliability of each administrative method and comments made by subjects about their understanding of the instructions, the second revised version of the instructions is recommended as the standard method. The results also indicate that the assessment is most appropriate for a population of men with manual dexterity experience. With further standardization, the Work Box could be a valuable assessment tool for therapists working in industrial rehabilitation settings.
A Comparison of the Performance of Children With and Without Autism on the Sensory Profile
Authors: Kientz Mary Alhage , Dunn Winnie 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Sensory Profile discriminates between children with and without autism and which items on the profile best discriminate between these groups.
Method. Parents of 32 children with autism aged 3 to 13 years and of 64 children without autism aged 3 to 10 years completed the Sensory Profile. A descriptive analysis of the data set of children with autism identified the distribution of responses on each item. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) on each category of the Sensory Profile identified possible differences among subjects without autism, with mild or moderate autism, and with severe autism. Follow-up univariate analyses were conducted for any category that yielded a significant result on the MANCOVA.
Results. Eighty-four of 99 items (85%) on the Sensory Profile differentiated the sensory processing skills of subjects with autism from those of subjects without autism. There were no group differences between subjects with mild or moderate autism and subjects with severe autism.
Conclusion. The Sensory Profile can provide information about the sensory processing skills of children with autism to assist occupational therapists in assessing and planning intervention for these children.
Job Analysis in Occupational Therapy: Stepping Into the Complex World of Business and Industry
Authors: Lysaght Rosemary 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Job analysis is used in a variety of fields to identify the nature of work performed. Occupational therapists use job analysis as a basis for evaluating injured workers, planning rehabilitative programs, structuring preemployment screening protocols, developing transitional work plans, and conducting environmental modification and risk management programs. There is little evidence in the literature of a theoretical basis or practical framework for job analysis in occupational therapy, although the theory that underlies occupational therapy provides a general foundation. Current job analysis methods appear inadequate for the wide range of practice applications and for responding to the changing nature of the labor market. A need is identified for further investigation of methods derived from occupational therapy and other disciplines, development of documentation approaches suited to a variety of job types, and attention to validity and reliability of results.
Role Perceptions of Mothers With Young Children: The Impact of a Child’s Disability
Authors: Crowe Terry K. , VanLeit Betsy , Berghmans Kirsten K. , Mann Paul 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the perceived past, present, and future occupational roles of mothers of young children. Awareness of the role demands placed on mothers will assist occupational therapists in addressing the needs of children with disabilities within the family context.
Method. One hundred and thirty-five mothers of children 6 months to 5 years of age completed the Role Checklist, which examines participants’ perceptions of past, present, and future occupational roles. Forty-five participants had children with multiple disabilities and major functional limitations, 45 had children with Down’s syndrome, and 45 had children who were typically developing.
Results. The group of mothers of children who were typically developing was found to have significantly more present roles than the other two groups. All three groups lost significant numbers of roles from past (before birth of child) to present and anticipated adding significant numbers of future roles. There were no significant differences among the three groups in value placed on occupational roles.
Conclusion. Role demands of caring for a young child were high for all participants, particularly if the child had a disability. Participants seemed to respond to these demands by giving up other discretionary roles in order to meet their caregiving obligations. Thus, asking mothers of children with disabilities to take on therapy-related caregiving tasks may contribute to role strain.
Understanding Professional Behavior: Experiences of Occupational Therapy Students in Mental Health Settings
Authors: Lyons Michael 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
A phenomenological study explored occupational therapy students’ experiences in psychiatric fieldwork. Of particular interest was students’ understanding of professional behavior toward persons who use mental health services. Data were gathered from 16 informants via in-depth interviews and participant observation on multiple occasions during fieldwork affiliations. Emerging from informants’ views of professional behavior were difficulties in their reconciling conflicting expectations with regard to emotional and social distance from persons who use mental health services. Additionally, the informants experienced a need to assume authority and maintain control in their dealings with service users. Students’ encounters with such issues during fieldwork are indicative of challenges they may face as health professionals in a changing climate of mental health services. These data are stimuli for reflection on features of professional relationships with service users, particularly in response to expectations of persons with disabilities regarding control over their lives.
Giving a Deposition: Some Helpful Tips for the Occupational Therapy Practitioner
Authors: Ranke Beth A. Ekelman 
Published: October 2011

Abstract
Occupational therapy practitioners frequently are asked to testify at depositions. Some may be intimidated by the legal process and not know what to do when subpoenaed to appear at a deposition. This article describes the deposition process, explains how one should prepare for a deposition, and provides helpful suggestions on how to tackle the deposition itself. This information can make the experience less threatening to those professionals asked to testify.