bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral bronchoalveolar lavage cytology profiles in a warmblood horse population during a 1‐year period
Authors: Rasmussen Nanna , Karlsen Pernille , Otten Nina D. , Fjeldborg Julie , Hansen Sanni 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology results from 1 lung might not be representative of both lungs.ObjectivesTo determine whether the lung site sampled would influence the horse's BAL cytology profile, and if a pooled BAL sample would be superior with regard to BAL cytology diagnosis in a cohort of healthy and subclinical asthmatic warmblood horses.AnimalsFifty‐nine horses in 2021 and 70 horses in 2022, the follow‐up included 53 of the same in each year.MethodsA cross‐sectional study with follow‐up included BAL cytology samples from individual lungs and from pooled BAL samples. The BAL samples were enumerated and differential cell count were applied to categorize the horses as control or with airway inflammation (AI).ResultsBronchoalveolar lavage mast cell count was higher in left lung compared to right lung (2021; median 1.6 [range, 0.6‐3.3] vs 1.2 [0.7‐1.5] P = .009, 2022; median 3.1 [2.1‐4.2] vs 2.4 [1.7‐3.4], P < .001) and compared to pooled samples (2022; median 2.6 [1.7‐3.7], P < .001). Between year 2021 and 2022, 17 of the horses had changes in BAL cytology from control to AI or vice versa.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePooled BAL sample was the least reliable for detecting AI, and was not representative of the overall lung condition.
Molecular and cellular neurocardiology in heart disease
Authors: Habecker Beth A. , Bers Donald M. , Birren Susan J. , Chang Rui , Herring Neil , Kay Matthew W. , Li Dan , Mendelowitz David , Mongillo Marco , Montgomery Johanna M. , Ripplinger Crystal M. , Tampakakis Emmanouil , Winbo Annika , Zaglia Tania , Zeltner Nadja , Paterson David J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper updates and builds on a previous White Paper in this journal that some of us contributed to concerning the molecular and cellular basis of cardiac neurobiology of heart disease. Here we focus on recent findings that underpin cardiac autonomic development, novel intracellular pathways and neuroplasticity. Throughout we highlight unanswered questions and areas of controversy. Whilst some neurochemical pathways are already demonstrating prognostic viability in patients with heart failure, we also discuss the opportunity to better understand sympathetic impairment by using patient specific stem cells that provides pathophysiological contextualization to study ‘disease in a dish’. Novel imaging techniques and spatial transcriptomics are also facilitating a road map for target discovery of molecular pathways that may form a therapeutic opportunity to treat cardiac dysautonomia.
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Strong damped Lyman-α absorption in young star-forming galaxies at redshifts 9 to 11
Authors: Heintz Kasper E. , Watson Darach , Brammer Gabriel , Vejlgaard Simone , Hutter Anne , Strait Victoria B. , Matthee Jorryt , Oesch Pascal A. , Jakobsson Páll , Tanvir Nial R. , Laursen Peter , Naidu Rohan P. , Mason Charlotte A. , Killi Meghana , Jung Intae , Hsiao Tiger Yu-Yang , Abdurro’uf  , Coe Dan , Haro Pablo Arrabal , Finkelstein Steven L. , Toft Sune 
Published: May 2024

Primordial neutral atomic gas, mostly composed of hydrogen, is the raw material for star formation in galaxies. However, there are few direct constraints on the amount of neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) in galaxies at early cosmic times. We analyzed James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) near-infrared spectroscopy of distant galaxies, at redshifts ≳8. From a sample of 12 galaxies, we identified three that show strong damped Lyman-α absorption due to H iin their local surroundings. The galaxies are located at spectroscopic redshifts of 8.8, 10.2, and 11.4, corresponding to 400 to 600 million years after the Big Bang. They have H icolumn densities ≳1022cm−2, which is an order of magnitude higher than expected for a fully neutral intergalactic medium, and constitute a gas-rich population of young star-forming galaxies.
Influence of PepF peptidase and sporulation on microcin J25 production in
Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Zhang Guangwen , Feng Saixiang , Qin Miaomiao , Sun Juan , Liu Yutong , Luo Changqi , Lin Min , Xu Siqi , Liao Ming , Fan Huiying , Liang Zhaoping 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT

The lasso peptide microcin J25 (MccJ25) possesses strong antibacterial properties and is considered a potential effective component of bacterial disease treatment drugs and safe food preservatives. Although MccJ25 can be heterologously expressed in
Bacillus subtilis
as we have previously reported, its regulation and accumulation are yet to be understood. Here, we investigated the expression level and stability of MccJ25 in
B. subtilis
strains with disruption in peptidase genes
pepA
,
pepF,
and
pepT
. Oligoendopeptidase F (PepF) was found to be involved in reduction of the production of MccJ25 by degradation of its precursor peptide. In the
pepF
mutant, the MccJ25 reached a concentration of 1.68 µM after a cultivation time exceeding 60 hours, while the wild-type strain exhibited a concentration of only 0.14 µM. Moreover, the production of MccJ25 in
B. subtilis
downregulated the genes associated with sporulation, and this may contribute to its accumulation. Finally, this study provides a strategy to improve the stability and production of MccJ25 in
B. subtilis
.

IMPORTANCE

MccJ25 displays significant antibacterial activity, a well-defined mode of action, exceptional safety, and remarkable stability. Hence, it presents itself as a compelling candidate for an optimal antibacterial or anti-endotoxin medication. The successful establishment of exogenous production of MccJ25 in
Bacillus subtilis
provides a strategy for reducing its production cost and diversifying its utilization. In this study, we have provided evidence indicating that both peptidase PepF and sporulation are significant factors that limit the expression of MccJ25 in B. subtilis. The Δ
pepF
and Δ
sigF
mutants of
B. subtilis
express MccJ25 with higher production yield and enhanced stability. To sum up, this study developed several better engineered strains of
B. subtilis
, which greatly reduced the consumption of MccJ25 during the nutrient depletion stage of the host strain, improved its production, and elucidated factors that may be involved in reducing MccJ25 accumulation in
B. subtilis
.
Diaphyseal giant cell tumour of mid-shaft tibia
Authors: Kantiwal Prabodh , Suhail Amir , Rao Meenakshi , Gahlot Nitesh 
Published: May 2024

SummaryGiant cell tumours of bone are benign and locally aggressive tumours that usually occur in young adults and at the epiphysial locations after physeal closure. Occurrence outside of epiphysial locations and appearance in geriatric patients is rare. We report a case of a woman in her late 60s with a giant cell tumour of the mid-shaft of the right tibia. Extended curettage and biological reconstruction were performed with autologous double-barrel fibular struts and tri-cortical iliac crest bone grafting. At the 28-month follow-up examination, we noted full bony union at both ends with successful consolidation of the fibular struts, and importantly, no evidence of recurrence or other complications was observed.
Anesthesia modality in endovascular treatment for distal medium vessel occlusion stroke: intention-to-treat propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Mohammaden Mahmoud H , Doheim Mohamed F , Abdelhamid Hend , Matsoukas Stavros , Schuldt Braxton Riley , Fifi Johanna T , Kuybu Okkes , Gross Bradley A , Al-Bayati Alhamza R , Dolia Jaydevsinh , Grossberg Jonathan A , Olive-Gadea Marta , Rodrigo-Gisbert Marc , Requena Manuel , Monteiro Andre , Yu Siyuan , Siegler James E , Rodriguez-Calienes Aaron , Galecio-Castillo Milagros , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Cortez Gustavo M , Hanel Ricardo A , Aghaebrahim Amin , Hassan Ameer E , Nguyen Thanh N , Abdalkader Mohamad , Klein Piers , Salem Mohamed M , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Jankowitz Brian T , Colasurdo Marco , Kan Peter , Hafeez Muhammad , Tanweer Omar , Peng Sophia , Alaraj Ali , Siddiqui Adnan H , Nogueira Raul G , Haussen Diogo C 
Published: May 2024

BackgroundThe optimal anesthesia modality during endovascular treatment (EVT) for distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) stroke is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the association of the anesthesia modality with procedural and clinical outcomes following EVT for DMVO stroke.MethodsThis is a multicenter retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database. Patients were included if they had DMVO involving the middle cerebral artery-M3/4, anterior cerebral artery-A2/3, or posterior cerebral artery-P1/P2-3, and underwent EVT. The cohort was divided into two groups, general anesthesia (GA) and non-general anesthesia (non-GA), and compared based on the intention-to-treat principle as primary analysis. We used propensity scores to balance the two groups. The primary outcome was the shift in the degree of disability as measured by the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Secondary outcomes included successful reperfusion, as well as excellent (mRS 0–1) and good (mRS 0–2) clinical outcomes at 90 days. Safety measures included procedural complications, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and 90-day mortality.ResultsAmong 366 DMVO thrombectomies, 61 matched pairs were eligible for analysis. Median age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score as well as other baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were balanced between both groups. The GA group had no difference in the overall degree of disability (common OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.52 to 2.86, P=0.67) compared with the non-GA arm. Likewise, the GA group had comparable rates of successful reperfusion (OR 2.38, 95% CI 0.80 to 7.07, P=0.12), good/excellent clinical outcomes (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.96, P=0.79/(OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.81, P=0.41), procedural complications (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.19 to 5.16, P>0.99), sICH (OR 3.24, 95% CI 0.83 to 12.68, P=0.09), and 90-day mortality (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.48 to 4.27, P=0.52) compared with the non-GA group.ConclusionsIn patients with DMVO, our study showed that GA and non-GA groups had similar procedural and clinical outcomes, as well as safety measures. Further larger controlled studies are warranted.
The potential impact of dietary choices on melanoma risk: an anti-inflammatory diet
Authors: Fortes Cristina , Mastroeni Simona , Levati Lauretta , Alotto Massimo , Ricci Francesco , D’Atri Stefania 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe role of inflammation in the aetiology of cancer is recognized. However, no study yet examined the association between an anti-inflammatory diet and cutaneous melanoma and explored whether it could be modified by genetic variations in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a key enzyme in inflammation. A case-control study was conducted in the IDI-IRCCS hospital in Rome, Italy with 273 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma and 269 controls frequency matched to cases. Information on socio-demographic and pigmentary characteristics, medical history, sun exposure and dietary habits were collected for all subjects. The − 765G > C polymorphism was identified in DNA extracted from blood samples. An anti-inflammatory diet score was created. Logistic regression models were fitted to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A high anti-inflammatory diet score (≥ 8 anti-inflammatory dietary items) was associated with a decreased risk of cutaneous melanoma (OR: 0.29; 95%CI: 0.17–0.49, Ptrend < 0.0001) after adjusting for sex, age, education, number of common nevi, skin photo-type, solar lentigines and sunburns in childhood. COX-2 -765 G > C polymorphism was not an independent risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. Although interaction between − 765G > C genotypes and anti-inflammatory diet score was not statistically significant (p = 0.25), when stratified by -765 G > C genotypes the effect of the anti-inflammatory diet was slightly more pronounced for participants carrying – 765GG (OR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.06–0.47, Ptrend < 0.001). Our study findings suggest that adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with a decreased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. These results suggest the potential impact of dietary choices on melanoma risk.
Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with self-(in)compatibility in goji berries (Lycium barbarum)
Authors: Wang Cuiping , Qin Ken , Shang Xiaohui , Gao Yan , Wu Jiali , Ma Haijun , Wei Zhaojun , Dai Guoli 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) is a perennial deciduous shrub widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions of Northwest China. It is highly valued for its medicinal and functional properties. Most goji varieties are naturally self-incompatible, posing challenges in breeding and cultivation. Self-incompatibility is a complex genetic trait, with ongoing debates regarding the number of self-incompatible loci. To date, no genetic mappings has been conducted for S loci or other loci related to self-incompatibility in goji.

Results
We used genome resequencing to create a high-resolution map for detecting de novo single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in goji. We focused on 229 F1 individuals from self-compatible ‘13–19’ and self-incompatible ‘new 9’ varieties. Subsequently, we conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on traits associated with self-compatibility in goji berries. The genetic map consisted of 249,327 SNPs distributed across 12 linkage groups (LGs), spanning a total distance of 1243.74 cM, with an average interval of 0.002 cM. Phenotypic data related to self-incompatibility, such as average fruit weight, fruit rate, compatibility index, and comparable compatibility index after self-pollination and geitonogamy, were collected for the years 2021–2022, as well as for an extra year representing the mean data from 2021 to 2022 (2021/22). A total of 43 significant QTL, corresponding to multiple traits were identified, accounting for more than 11% of the observed phenotypic variation. Notably, a specific QTL on chromosome 2 consistently appeared across different years, irrespective of the relationship between self-pollination and geitonogamy. Within the localization interval, 1180 genes were annotated, including Lba02g01102 (annotated as an S-RNase gene), which showed pistil-specific expression. Cloning of S-RNase genes revealed that the parents had two different S-RNase alleles, namely S1S11 and S2S8. S-genotype identification of the F1 population indicated segregation of the four S-alleles from the parents in the offspring, with the type of S-RNase gene significantly associated with self-compatibility.

Conclusions
In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the genetic mechanism underlying self-compatibility in goji berries. This highlights the importance of further positional cloning investigations and emphasizes the importance of integration of marker-assisted selection in goji breeding programs.
Preoperative investigation practices for elective surgical patients: clinical audit
Authors: Firde Meseret , Yetneberk Tikuneh 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The findings of pre-operative investigations help to identify risk factors that may affect the course of surgery or post-operative recovery by contributing to informed consent conversations between the surgical team and the patient, as well as guiding surgical and anesthetic planning. Certainly, preoperative tests are valuable when they offer additional information beyond what can be gathered from a patient’s history and physical examination alone. Preoperative testing practices differ significantly among hospitals, and even within the same hospital, clinicians may have varying approaches to requesting tests. This study aimed to investigate preoperative testing practices and compare them with the latest guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).

Methods
This three-month institutionally based study was carried out at the Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from May 1 to July 30, 2023, including individuals aged 16 years and older who were not pregnant and had undergone elective surgery in the gynecological, orthopedic, and general units. Data on the sociodemographic characteristics, the existence of comorbidities, the invasiveness of surgery, and the tests taken into consideration by the guideline were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. After rigorously analyzing and revising the results of preoperative investigation approaches, we compared them to the standard of recommendations. Moreover, the data was analyzed and graphically presented using Microsoft Excel 2013.

Results
During the data collection period, 247 elective patients underwent general, orthopedic, and gynecological operations. The majority of patients, 107 (43.32%), were between the ages of 16 and 40 and had an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class one (92.71%). 350 investigations were requested in total. Of these, 71 (20.28%) tests were ordered without a justified reason or in contravention of NICE recommendations.

Conclusions
In our hospital’s surgical clinical practice, unnecessary preoperative testing is still common, especially when it comes to organ function tests, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and complete blood counts (FBCs). When deciding whether preoperative studies are required, it is critical to consider aspects including a complete patient history, a physical examination, and the invasiveness of the surgery.
Chronic cough diagnosis, treatment, and referral practices among family physicians in the United States: a survey study
Authors: Shields Joel B. , Callen Elisabeth , Loskutova Natalia Y. , Schelfhout Jonathan , Hester Christina M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Cough is one of the most common presenting problems for patients in primary care and is largely managed in primary care clinical settings. Family physicians’ familiarity with chronic cough guidelines and the extent to which these guidelines translate into everyday practice have not been well described. The objective of this study was to characterize current diagnosis, treatment, and referral practices among family physicians and to identify potentially impactful strategies to optimize chronic cough management in primary care.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 5,000 family physicians to explore diagnosis, treatment, and referral practices related to chronic cough management in adults in primary care. Respondents completed the survey via paper or online. The outcome measures were self-reported numeric ratings and responses related to the survey elements.

Results
588 surveys were completed (11.8% response rate). About half (49.6%) of respondents defined chronic cough in a manner consistent with the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) chronic cough guidelines, with the rest differing in opinion primarily regarding duration of symptom presentation. Respondents reported trying to rule out most common causes of chronic cough themselves before referring (mean 3.41 on a 4-point scale where 4 is “describes me completely”) and indicated a desire for more resources to help them manage and treat chronic cough. Years in practice and rural/urban setting influenced diagnosis and referral practices.

Conclusions
Family physicians see chronic cough as a complicated condition that can be and is often diagnosed and treated entirely in a primary care setting. They also value the ability to refer in complex cases. Our results support that family physicians provide evidence-based management of chronic cough.
Outcome of patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and previous biliary instrumentation: an observational study
Authors: Brown Karen T. , Chou Joanne F. , Suchy Hannah B. , Getrajdman George I. , Gonen Mithat , Covey Anne M. , Brody Lynn A. , Schattner Mark A. , D’Angelica Michael I. , Kingham T. Peter , Erinjeri Joseph P. , Jarnagin William R. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
To assess the outcome of previously untreated patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who present to a cancer referral center with or without pre-existing trans-papillary biliary drainage.

Methods
Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma presenting between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, were identified from a prospective surgical database and by a query of the institutional database. Of 237 patients identified, 106 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Clinical information was obtained from the Electronic Medical Record and imaging studies were reviewed in the Picture Archiving and Communication System.

Results
73 of 106 patients (69%) presenting with a new diagnosis of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent trans-papillary biliary drainage (65 endoscopic and 8 percutaneous) prior to presentation at our institution. 8 of the 73 patients with trans-papillary biliary drainage (11%) presented with and 5 developed cholangitis; all 13 (18%) required subsequent intervention; none of the patients without trans-papillary biliary drainage presented with or required drainage for cholangitis (p = 0.008). Requiring drainage for cholangitis was more likely to delay treatment (p = 0.012) and portended a poorer median overall survival (13.6 months, 95%CI [4.08, not reached)] vs. 20.6 months, 95%CI [18.34, 37.51] p = 0.043).

Conclusion
Trans-papillary biliary drainage for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma carries a risk of cholangitis and should be avoided when possible. Clinical and imaging findings of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma should prompt evaluation at a cancer referral center before any intervention. This would mitigate development of cholangitis necessitating additional drainage procedures, delaying treatment and potentially compromising survival.
Translation, validity and reliability of the persian version of the rapid assessment of physical activity questionnaire
Authors: Barati Majid , Hansson Eva Ekvall , Taheri-Kharameh Zahra , Topolski Tari D 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to produce a valid and reliable Persian version of the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) questionnaire, which previously has been shown to be valid and reliable for assessing physical activity among older adults.

Methods
Permission was obtained from the scale developer, who provided a copy of the the Linguistic Validation of the RAPA Qestionnaire, which utilizes a forward-backward translation methodology. Content validity, face validity, and construct validity of the questionnaire were then determined. Comparison of known groups (older adults with more or less than 50% balance confidence) was used to assess construct validity and the Leiden-Padua (LEIPAD) quality of life questionnaire were used to assess convergent validity. Three hundred older adults, who were members of the Qom retirement centers, participated in the study. Thirty participants completed the RAPA twice with a one-week interval to determine test–retest reliability.

Results
Results of comparisons of known groups showed that the mean RAPA score of the older people with greater balance confidence was significantly higher. Significant correlations between most of the scores obtained from both RAPA and the LEIPAD questionnaires confirmed the convergent validity of the questionnaire. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was as high as 0.94 showing that the test–retest reliability was good.

Conclusion
This study showed the Persian RAPA is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring physical activity among older individuals in both research and clinical contexts.