bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of health insurance education program on health care professional students: An interventional study
Authors: Barr Emily , Gantz Hannah Y. , Russell Greg , Hanchate Amresh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the complex landscape of health care, the relationship between medical practice and health insurance is increasingly crucial for effective care delivery. This paper emphasises the importance of integrating health insurance education into medical training, focusing on its impact on patient outcomes, health care accessibility, and system sustainability. It posits that health care providers with a comprehensive understanding of health insurance can offer more informed, efficient care by adeptly navigating coverage complexities. The study utilised a pretest‐post‐test design with a yearlong health insurance education curriculum at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Student participants from various medical programmes self‐assessed their knowledge and comfort across 13 health insurance topics before and after the intervention. The curriculum included workshops and a capstone project, emphasising real‐life patient insurance challenges. Results show statistically significant improvements in 13 participants' understanding of health insurance concepts, highlighting the curriculum's effectiveness. The findings advocate for the inclusion of health insurance education in medical curricula. Such knowledge is vital in systems with diverse insurance models, like the United States, where understanding insurance intricacies is key to patient care. The study's limitations, such as a small sample size and reliance on self‐reported data, suggest the need for further research with more participants and objective measures. In conclusion, incorporating health insurance education into medical training is essential for preparing health care professionals to navigate insurance complexities, make informed treatment decisions, and guide patients effectively. This approach fosters well‐rounded professionals capable of managing both medical and financial aspects of patient care, leading to more equitable and efficient health care delivery. Future research should explore the long‐term effects of this education on clinical practice and patient outcomes, particularly its impact on health care costs and patient satisfaction.
Impact of transport conditions and underlying disease on post‐stocking survival of juvenile Lates calcarifer
Authors: Chew Xian Zhe , Carrai Maura , Shen Xueyan , Gibson‐Kueh Susan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiseases caused by pathogens commonly occurring in the aquatic environment or those that are non‐host specific are prevalent and threaten the rapid growth of tropical aquaculture. This study investigates causes of mortality in 12 batches of newly stocked juvenile Lates calcarifer from three different hatcheries. Cytology based on Diff‐Quik™‐stained tissue and blood smears provides rapid diagnosis of possible causes of mortality, while histopathology and haematology provide a better understanding of how prolonged transport and fish with existing chronic disease are more likely to experience elevated mortality post‐stocking. Our findings showed that accumulation of ammonia during prolonged transport causes extensive damage to epithelial barriers in gastrointestinal tracts and depressed immunity due to marked hypoglycaemia, predisposing fish to acute Streptococcosis. Lates calcarifer with chronic bacterial enteritis developed severe hypoglycaemia, had low circulating total plasma protein, and suffered high mortality within 24 hours post‐stocking. Hypoglycaemia and low circulating blood proteins disrupt osmoregulation and exacerbate dehydration, which is fatal in fish in sea water. Dying L. calcarifer tested PCR positive for scale drop disease virus (SDDV) at 28 days post‐stocking showed a 10‐fold elevation of white blood cell counts, severe vasculitis, and obstruction of blood supply to major organs. Destruction of important immune organs such as spleen is a hallmark of SDDV infection that explains high incidences of opportunistic Vibrio harveyi infections in 61% of fish with SDDV. Overall, this study reiterates the importance of stocking disease‐free fish and reducing transport stress.
Reconsidering the Fed's Inflation Forecasting Advantage
Authors: GUISINGER AMY Y. , MCCRACKEN MICHAEL W. , OWYANG MICHAEL T. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPrevious studies show the Fed has a forecast advantage over the private sector for inflation. We evaluate this advantage to determine how much of it results from the Fed's knowledge of future monetary policy. To do so, we develop two methods of equalizing the Fed's and private sector's information sets. We find that Fed forecasts do not encompass those of the private sector when the latter has knowledge of future monetary policy. Furthermore, we find that roughly 25% of the difference between the Fed's and the private sector's mean squared forecast error can be explained by monetary policy.
Earn More Tomorrow: Overconfidence, Income Expectations, and Consumer Indebtedness
Authors: GROHMANN ANTONIA , MENKHOFF LUKAS , MERKLE CHRISTOPH , SCHMACKER RENKE 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper examines whether biased income expectations due to overconfidence lead to higher levels of debt taking. We show suggestive evidence for a link between overconfidence and borrowing behavior in a representative survey of German households (German Socio‐Economic Panel–Innovation Sample [GSOEP‐IS]). This motivates a laboratory experiment to study causality behind these effects. In two experiments, participants can purchase goods by borrowing against their future income. We exogenously manipulate overconfidence about income expectations by letting income depend on relative performance in hard and easy quiz tasks. In the main experiment, we successfully generate biased income expectations and show that participants with higher income expectations initially borrow more. Overconfident participants scale back their consumption after income feedback. However, they remain in higher debt at the end of the experiment, which has real financial consequences. In a robustness experiment, we rule out that overborrowing is driven by low prices of goods. Even though the expected income manipulation works less well in this experiment, debt‐taking behavior is very similar and correlates with income expectations and overconfidence.
Authoritarian liquid transgressions: the case of P&O Ferries
Authors: KATSAROUMPAS IOANNIS 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOn 17 March 2022, P&O Ferries summarily dismissed 786 seafarers without notice or consultation in a clear and openly admitted transgression of legality, but two months later its parent company's chief executive officer claimed that ‘nobody was hurt’. Drawing on the work of Zygmunt Bauman and Alain Supiot, this article offers a critical account of the scandal based on three main arguments. First, it develops the new concept of an ‘authoritarian liquid transgression’ (ALT), defined as a transgression of a democratic legal norm that seeks to leave no trace or excess (that which resists immediate liquefaction), thus aiming at complete erasure. Second, it argues that the P&O event is a paradigmatic example of an attempted ALT by dissecting three main steps in the business strategy (liquefaction, effacement, and simulation) but also traces competing privatized and politicized narratives of its excess. Third, the article suggests that the event will be viewed as a liminal event for the United Kingdom's authoritarian neoliberalism since it acted as a window that offered a brief glimpse of the brutal nature of authoritarian neoliberalism at work but also of an alternative solid construction of labour law and its remedial framework.
Green Screening: Firm Environmental Strategy Amidst Policy Implementation Uncertainty in the European Union
Authors: Kim Eun‐Hee , Hiatt Shon R. , Zhou Y. Maggie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe examine how firms can strategically respond to policy implementation uncertainty by screening communication exchanges between policy‐implementing agencies and their policy‐formulating political principals. These exchanges can be viewed as a signal of the agencies’ commitment to policy implementation. The costlier the agency's communication, the stronger the expected implementation and the likelier that firms will commit to long‐term, irreversible investments prior to the actual implementation of the policy. We test these hypotheses empirically by examining the investments made by European electric power companies in new renewable energy facilities from 2004 to 2009 and associating these investments with the communication between country agencies and the European Union Commission upon the latter's resolution to establish a greenhouse gas emissions trading scheme.
Constructing a World for Compassion: How Temporal Work Can Preserve Compassion in Extreme Contexts
Authors: del Rio M. Dolores , Fernández Pablo D. , Marti Ignasi , Willi Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article extends previous research on how compassion can be preserved in extreme contexts, highlighting the phenomenological experience of time in practices. Based on an ethnographic study of hospice care, we show how temporal work preserves compassion by enacting the end‐of‐life as a time of agency, a liminal time between the past (life) and an undesirable and certain future (death) that shifts focus to here and now actions. Taking a Heideggerian approach to the lived experience of compassion, we understand the hospice as a world where different ways of being are implicated in practices organized through existential spatiality (being with the guest and being by the guest). We show how exposure to people in end‐of‐life affects the experience of time in compassion practices, allowing them to be experienced as kairos, involving sacredness and spiritual connectedness with others, and as chronos, allowing compassion‐givers to restore their capacity by focusing on compassion tasks.
How do visual, auditory and motor dual‐tasking each affect swallowing and chewing function?
Authors: Begen Sena Nur , Serel Arslan Selen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt can be challenging to perform a second task at the same time as swallowing.Objective(s)The study aimed to investigate the effect of visual, auditory and motor dual‐tasking on swallowing and chewing function in healthy young adults.MethodRight‐handed healthy adults without any psychological and cognitive problems were included in the study. Swallowing was evaluated based on the dysphagia limit in different liquid textures such as water and nectar consistencies, and chewing was evaluated by the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids. For the second task, visual and auditory performance was assessed using reaction time, and the motor performance was assessed using a bilateral tapping task. Assessments were performed in two steps: baseline and dual‐task. For baseline, all evaluation methods were applied individually. After completing the baseline assessment, dual‐task assessment were carried out the following day. For dual‐task assessment, the swallowing and chewing tasks were performed simultaneously with visual, auditory and motor tasks.ResultsResults showed a significant decrease in dysphagia limit in the nectar consistency, and significant increase in chewing time, visual reaction time and tapping rate (right–left) when compared to baseline and dual‐task conditions (χ2(3) = 9.61, p = .02; χ2(3) = 9.02, p = .02; χ2(3) = 28.09, p < .001; χ2(3) = 28.97, p < .001; χ2(3) = 21.56, p < .001, respectively). However, there were no differences in dysphagia limit in the water and auditory reaction time compared to baseline and dual‐task conditions (χ2(3) = 3.18, p = .36; χ2(3) = 2.56, p = .50, respectively).ConclusionResults shedding light on how simultaneous dual tasks can influence swallowing and chewing. Dual‐tasking cause a decrease in both swallowing/chewing and the visual/motor performances. These results may provide valuable information for designing interventions or strategies aimed at improving or maintaining optimal swallowing and chewing during in various populations during daily life.
Inter‐ and intraspecific stomatal morphological traits vary in response to topographic habitat changes
Authors: Zhao Hang , Zhu Weilin , Qu Mengjun , Wang Jianming , Shao Shuai , Lei Xun , Li Jingwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractQuestionsStomata can reflect the plant's adaptation to environmental changes. However, the variation patterns of stomatal traits across different habitats and their relationships with environmental drivers are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed the extent of interspecific and intraspecific variation in stomatal traits in two typical riparian forests, and investigated how stomatal traits adapt to habitat change as well as trait–environment relationships.LocationThe Irtysh River Basin in China.MethodsWe measured the stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS), and stomatal relative area (SRA) of dominant plant species from two riparian forests: (1) a riparian forest in the valley and (2) a riparian forest in the pediment plain. We analyzed the stomatal trait variation patterns of dominant plant species in different habitats. We then quantified the magnitude of intraspecific and interspecific stomatal trait variability and evaluated the relationships between stomatal traits and environmental factors.ResultsWe found that SD and SRA were significantly higher in pediment plain forests than in valley forests, whereas SS was not significantly different between these habitats. The SD and SRA of trees in pediment plain forests were significantly higher than those in valley forests, whereas there were no significant differences in understory plants between habitats. The interspecific variation in each stomatal trait was significantly higher than the intraspecific variation. Stomatal traits were more related to the soil environment than to climatic factors.ConclusionsResponse strategies of stomatal traits to habitat changes differed between species and functional groups, and trait–environment relationships depended on the habitat type of the riparian forest. Our analysis of stomata trait variation implies adaptive strategies in species of natural riparian forest. Insights into trait–environment relationships could be used to predict carbon and water cycling, and vegetation changes in riparian forests of arid regions, especially in the context of climate change.
Assessing the regional impacts of a multi‐hosting mega sport event: The case of EURO 2020 in Rome
Authors: Deriu Stefano , Socci Claudio , Di Bartolomeo Giovanni , Ciccarone Giuseppe , Almonti Ludovica 
Published: May 2024

AbstractUEFA EURO 2020 is the first multi‐hosting mega‐event developed on the entire continent. Often, mega‐events concentrated in one place have turned out to have a modest, or adverse, economic impact due to high costs. Therefore, the ex‐post assessment of the local impact of the four matches played in Rome as a mega‐event is an interesting case study. To this end, we use a Computable General Equilibrium model based on the Lazio regional Social Accounting Matrix. We estimate a significant Gross Domestic Product multiplier at around 1.45. Furthermore, in terms of employment, the event generates an additional net volume equivalent to 9762 full‐time jobs per year.
Coccidioidomycosis in Oklahoma: A retrospective case series
Authors: Scott Brian , Sassine Joseph , Gordon Olivia , Agudelo Higuita Nelson Iván 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal disease endemic to arid regions of the Western Hemisphere. In the south‐western US, Coccidioides spp. may account for up to 20%–25% of all cases of community acquired pneumonia. Clinical manifestations vary widely, from asymptomatic infection to life‐threatening disease, especially in immunocompromised hosts.ObjectivesThe primary objective of the study was to characterise cases of coccidioidomycosis in an area of the United States not considered traditionally endemic for the disease.MethodsWe performed a single‐centre retrospective study of all cases of coccidioidomycosis from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2020, in the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Medical Center.ResultsA total of 26 patients were included for analysis. The central nervous system (CNS) and the lungs were the sites most frequently involved. Twenty (77%) had travelled to a coccidioidomycosis endemic region. Most were male (81%) with a median age of 42 years (range: 3–78 years). The majority (46%) were Caucasians, 19% were African American, 19% Hispanic, and 12% Native American. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, identified in 27% and 23% of patients, respectively. Patients on immunosuppressive therapy accounted for 12% of all cases.ConclusionOur study is one of the largest single‐centre case series of coccidioidomycosis from a non‐endemic area. Diabetes mellitus was the most frequent comorbidity. Compared to other case series of coccidioidomycosis, our patient population had higher rates of immunosuppression and had both a higher rate of disseminated disease and overall mortality.
The role of phenomics and genomics in delineating the genetic basis of complex traits in millets
Authors: Jadhav Yashoda , Thakur Niranjan Ravindra , Ingle Krishnananda Pralhad , Ceasar Stanislaus Antony 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMillets, comprising a diverse group of small‐seeded grains, have emerged as vital crops with immense nutritional, environmental, and economic significance. The comprehension of complex traits in millets, influenced by multifaceted genetic determinants, presents a compelling challenge and opportunity in agricultural research. This review delves into the transformative roles of phenomics and genomics in deciphering these intricate genetic architectures. On the phenomics front, high‐throughput platforms generate rich datasets on plant morphology, physiology, and performance in diverse environments. This data, coupled with field trials and controlled conditions, helps to interpret how the environment interacts with genetics. Genomics provides the underlying blueprint for these complex traits. Genome sequencing and genotyping technologies have illuminated the millet genome landscape, revealing diverse gene pools and evolutionary relationships. Additionally, different omics approaches unveil the intricate information of gene expression, protein function, and metabolite accumulation driving phenotypic expression. This multi‐omics approach is crucial for identifying candidate genes and unfolding the intricate pathways governing complex traits. The review highlights the synergy between phenomics and genomics. Genomically informed phenotyping targets specific traits, reducing the breeding size and cost. Conversely, phenomics identifies promising germplasm for genomic analysis, prioritizing variants with superior performance. This dynamic interplay accelerates breeding programs and facilitates the development of climate‐smart, nutrient‐rich millet varieties and hybrids. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the crucial roles of phenomics and genomics in unlocking the genetic enigma of millets.
Burden tolerance: Developing a validated measurement instrument across seven countries
Authors: Baekgaard Martin , Halling Aske , Moynihan Donald 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe emergence of the administrative burden literature has generated new theoretical, conceptual, and empirical knowledge. However, the accumulation of comparable knowledge is limited by the lack of validated measurement of core concepts. This article validates a four‐item scale of burden tolerance, that is, people's acceptance of state actions that impose administrative burdens on citizens and residents interacting with government, using data from seven countries and 12 surveys. We illustrate the usefulness of the scale by examining its correlates. Burden tolerance varies substantially across the countries examined, but is generally higher for males, young adults, less well educated, those with good health, those who trust state actors more, and ideological conservatives. We demonstrate how the scale can be adapted to specific policy areas and that our generic scale correlates highly with the tolerance for burdens in such diverse domains as income supports, health insurance, passport renewals, and small business licensing.
Molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in decapod crustaceans for potential aquaculture applications: An overview
Authors: Wang Tao , Yu Yang , Li Shihao , Li Fuhua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCrustacean aquaculture, especially monosex culture, requires a comprehensive knowledge of the mechanisms regulating sex determination and differentiation. Decapod crustaceans display either female heterogamety (ZW/ZZ) or male heterogamety (XY/XX) as their mode of genotypic sex determination. However, some decapod species exhibit sexual plasticity via removing the androgenic gland, knockdown insulin receptor transcripts, administrating exogenous sex steroids, and altering environmental factors. Although the master sex‐determining gene in decapods remains elusive, various sexual genes, hormones, and neurotransmitter are emerging as important factors in sex differentiation. This review looks into recent advancements in studies related to the genetic sex determination system and factors that trigger sex reversal. Moreover, the elucidation of the role of genetic factors in sex differentiation in both females and males, as well as their underlying interrelated regulatory mechanisms, provides justification for three levels of application: the induction of monosex populations, detection of precocious sex and genotype, and prevention of uncontrolled reproduction. Finally, we proposed future directions of bioinformatics analysis and genome editing coupled with sex control to increase the yield for economic decapods. In conclusion, this review provides a foundation for future research on the reproductive biology and sexual regulation of decapods, with the aim of aiding practitioners in advancing the crustacean aquaculture industry.