bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyponatremia with intracranial malignant tumor resection in children
Authors: Williams Cydni , Simon Tamara D. , Riva-Cambrin Jay , Bratton Susan L. 
Published: April 2012

Object
Intracranial neoplasms are the second most common childhood cancer, and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Hyponatremia is a complication associated with neurosurgical procedures, but children undergoing intracranial tumor resection have not been selectively studied. In this study, the authors aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with hyponatremia among children undergoing intracranial neoplasm resection.

Methods
A retrospective cohort was compiled using the 2006 Kids' Inpatient Database to identify children younger than 21 years of age who underwent intracranial neoplasm resection. Hyponatremia was ascertained by diagnosis codes. Bivariate analyses were conducted using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Logistic regression models were developed to evaluate factors associated with hyponatremia in bivariate analyses.

Results
Hyponatremia occurred in 205 (8.7%) of 2343 annual weighted cases, and was independently associated with tumor location in the deep brain structures and ventricles compared with the cortical area (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.4; 95% CI 1.1–5.3). Hyponatremia was also associated with obstructive hydrocephalus (aOR 2.7; 95% CI 1.7–4.3) and emergency department admission (aOR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1–2.4). Hyponatremia was significantly associated with mechanical ventilation, ventriculostomy placement, ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, and sepsis. Hyponatremia was also associated with a significantly longer average length of stay (24.6 vs 10.2 days), higher average charges ($191,000 vs $92,000), and a higher percentage of discharges to intermediate-care facilities.

Conclusions
Hyponatremia commonly occurs with resection of intracranial malignant tumors, especially for lesions located in the deep brain and in patients with obstructive hydrocephalus. Hyponatremia was associated with higher morbidity. Further research is needed to develop targeted monitoring and intervention strategies to decrease perioperative hyponatremia and to determine if this could decrease the number of complications in this specialized population.
Unruptured intracranial aneurysms in the Familial Intracranial Aneurysm and International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms cohorts: differences in multiplicity and location
Authors: Mackey Jason , Brown Robert D. , Moomaw Charles J. , Sauerbeck Laura , Hornung Richard , Gandhi Dheeraj , Woo Daniel , Kleindorfer Dawn , Flaherty Matthew L. , Meissner Irene , Anderson Craig , Connolly E. Sander , Rouleau Guy , Kallmes David F. , Torner James , Huston John , Broderick Joseph P. 
Published: April 2012

Object
Familial predisposition is a recognized nonmodifiable risk factor for the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, data regarding the characteristics of familial IAs are limited. The authors sought to describe familial IAs more fully, and to compare their characteristics with a large cohort of nonfamilial IAs.

Methods
The Familial Intracranial Aneurysm (FIA) study is a multicenter international study with the goal of identifying genetic and other risk factors for formation and rupture of IAs in a highly enriched population. The authors compared the FIA study cohort with the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (ISUIA) cohort with regard to patient demographic data, IA location, and IA multiplicity. To improve comparability, all patients in the ISUIA who had a family history of IAs or subarachnoid hemorrhage were excluded, as well as all patients in both cohorts who had a ruptured IA prior to study entry.

Results
Of 983 patients enrolled in the FIA study with definite or probable IAs, 511 met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Of the 4059 patients in the ISUIA study, 983 had a previous IA rupture and 657 of the remainder had a positive family history, leaving 2419 individuals in the analysis. Multiplicity was more common in the FIA patients (35.6% vs 27.9%, p < 0.001). The FIA patients had a higher proportion of IAs located in the middle cerebral artery (28.6% vs 24.9%), whereas ISUIA patients had a higher proportion of posterior communicating artery IAs (13.7% vs 8.2%, p = 0.016).

Conclusions
Heritable structural vulnerability may account for differences in IA multiplicity and location. Important investigations into the underlying genetic mechanisms of IA formation are ongoing.
Relating ink solvent-coating component thermal properties to smearing and development of abrasion resistance in ink jet printing
Authors: Hartus Timo , Gane Patrick A.C. 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The target of this study was to identify the interactions of the compounds of printing ink and paper coating colour and their effects on the inkjet print quality. Interactions between inkjet ink solvent components and their interaction with paper coating compounds are considered significant for the final print quality. Especially, ink solvent properties play an important role in inkjet ink drying. The methods used to study these interactions are thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and results are analysed for correlations with print quality. The experimental material consists of both commercial and model inkjet inks, paper coating colour compounds and commercial papers. To visualize the thermal data and to combine the TGA and DSC measurements in a single plot, a representation has been used, in which the specific gravimetric (TGA) and specific energy (DSC) ratios, m1/m2 and E1/E2, corresponding to the mass loss and energy consumed per unit mass of sample, in the temperature regions T < 100°C and 100°C < T < 220°C, respectively, are plotted against each other. The determined ratios differed greatly between different model solvents and ink series. The thermal behaviour of the solvents is seen to be relevant for predicting inkjet print quality.
Effect of coating formulations and drying methods on the coverage and smoothness of brown grade base papers
Authors: Lee Hak Lae , Kim Jin Doo , Lee Kyong Ho , Kim Chae Hoon , Youn Hye Jung 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The Corrugated container industry asks papermakers to produce highly attractive linerboard with good multicolor printing properties to improve product appeal as much as possible at low cost to consumers. To meet this requirement, it is necessary to improve the visual appearance and printing properties of conventional linerboard which is made from recycled fibers for economic and environmental reasons. To meet this challenge, two new technologies, hot press drying and curtain coating, which make a strong combination as a method to produce high quality coated linerboard, were used. Hot press drying improved the smoothness of the linerboard and decreased the coating penetration, resulting in better surface smoothness after the coating process. The influence of the pigment composition on the brightness, gloss and smoothness of single or double coated linerboard was examined. Clay outperformed calcium carbonate by improving the brightness and gloss for coated linerboards, suggesting that the hiding power is more important than scattering characteristics when considering the pigment to be used in linerboard coating. The dynamic surface tension of the coating color decreased with the addition of a surfactant. It was shown that a surfactant that provides the curtain stability and less foaming should be used in the curtain coating. Mill experience from Dong-Il Paper Mfg. Co. started the twolayer curtain coating operation at the end of 2008 was described.
Modelling of fibre orientation probability distribution in the jet-to-wire impingement
Authors: Niskanen Heidi , Hämäläinen Jari 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Fibre orientation distribution is essential factor affecting the properties of produced paper. The fibre orientation distribution is mainly determined by the fluid dynamics in the wet-end and in the wire-section of the paper machine. In this work the fibre orientation probability distribution in the paper machine jet-to-wire impingement is studied using modelling. The model used in this work is based on diffusion-convection equation. In addition to the transport of the fibres due to the mean flow, the model includes flow induced rotation of the fibres and randomising turbulence effects. Thus, the purpose of the model is to estimate the effect of the flow dynamics on the development of the fibre orientation probability distribution.
Subsea Processing: A Holistic Approach to Marginal Field Developments
Authors: Abili N. , Udofot O. , Kara Fuat 
Published: April 2012

Abstract

Description
The application of Full Subsea Processing (FSP) to develop remotely locatedmarginal fields in Offshore West Africa is an attractive option for breakingthe techno-economic barriers which have long hindered the development of thesefields. Some of the fields have remained marginal and unproduced over theyears, arguably, due to incorrect estimates in recoveries and economicsoccasioned by erroneous estimates in basic input parameters. Therefore, theright method of application for developing marginal fields must be sought toensure that both National and International Operating Companies partake in thedevelopment of these fields.
The present paper explores the use of full subsea processing technology todevelop marginal fields economically.

Application
The economic development of marginal fields in Offshore West Africa poses hugetechnology challenges. These challenges are further complicated as the field islocated offshore with long step-out distance from existing processingfacilities. A good number of such fields exist in Nigeria with no concreteplans in place yet to develop them due to the challenges involved. Subseaprocessing which has recently gained broader acceptance in the industry offersa viable and attractive method of developing such fields.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
Extensive qualification of the different technologies available for carryingout FSP has been conducted and their various readiness levels determined. Asystematic analysis of an existing marginal field has also been done to revealthe enormous advantages stemming from the application of FSP. Increasedrecovery and reduced OPEX have been established as vital incentives fordeveloping marginal fields economically. Various methods of overcoming the longdistance associated with remote fields are developed and the best method whichincorporates a floating storage unit (FSU) identified. A holistic approachwhich considers developing a group of fields together rather than a singlefield at a time is adopted to develop the remote offshore marginal fields inoffshore West Africa.
Impact of Marlin on Crude Oil Export Operations
Authors: Bouix Georges 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The risk of an export buoy's loading hose being pierced by the spear of abillfish such as marlin is very real. Such incidents are proving especiallyfrequent on FPSOs offshore Angola, where several cases are recorded everyyear.
The consequences can be critical, to the extent of halting production ifstorage capacity aboard is insufficient to cover the time it takes to replacethe damaged item. This is precisely what happened on Girassol in January 2010, resulting in shortfalls in the region of 790,000 barrels.
The Angolan deep offshore, where most of the country's FPSOs are concentrated, is conducive to the development of marlin as the waters bordering on thecontinental plateau stay warm and clear for the greater part of the year. Infact, petroleum activities themselves tend to draw marlin by attracting thespecies they feed on to the locations.
The attacks on flexibles are not deliberate, but the collateral damage, as itwere, of the creatures' hunting excursions. As there is no known deterrent, episodic recurrences are to be expected.
The best way of coping with these incidents is to be prepared for them bykeeping spare hoses on site and having the appropriate vessels, procedures andpersonnel ready to quickly replace the damaged item. The development oftemporary repair kits should also improve the response.

Introduction
Actors in the oil industry are used to having to accommodate the surprisesdealt out by Mother Nature.
But it is hard to admit, in the face of enormous damage, that it was not one ofthe carefully anticipated disaster scenarios that got the better of us but amere harmless animal. Who would boast of losing hundreds of thousands ofbarrels and dollars because of a single fish? And yet this happens, regularly, especially in the Gulf of Guinea and still more frequently offshoreAngola.
Once in a while, the floating export hose of an FPSO is found to have beenpunctured by a billfish. Usually, the bill breaks off the creature's head andremains stuck in the hose. The floating line is then no longer tight and mustbe repaired. When stocks on board are high, production may need to be cut backor even stopped, with all the consequences that entails, if the damaged hosesection cannot be replaced before the next offload.
Production of the Girassol field on Block 17 (Angola), for example, had to beslowed and finally stopped in January 2010 to proceed with just such a repair, resulting in a production shortfall of three quarters of a million barrels. Yetthis was not the first time a marlin bill had pierced one of the "doublecarcass" flexible hose segments of the FPSO Girassol's floating exportline.
Information on such incidents is - understandably - not easy to come by, butdiscreet probing has turned up evidence of similar events happening all overthe world every year.
The first query is: why do marlin attack the floating hoses? And the second, ofcourse: how can we stop them? This article will try to provide an answer bypresenting the view of the Total group.
Essential Process Safety Management for Managing Multiple Assets
Authors: Hopkins John 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The paper describes the use of a tool and process that shows management whereto make interventions that reduce the risk of having a major accident.
The tool indicates those areas that need immediate attention and those thatneed to be addressed in the future. It allows these interventions to be trackedand is designed to be used by all levels of management.
The process is based on the simple concept that prior to a major event thereare numerous small events which if identified and then eliminated by managementinterventions will prevent a major accident.
It describes how an oil and gas contractor found itself in the position ofbeing legally responsible for the operation of a number of substantial oil andgas facilities over a very short time frame.
It already had in place a mature and robust Management System with the keyelements of Process Safety Management in place across the assets concerned. However there was not a reliable and simple way of comparing each asset interms of vulnerability of having a major accident.
There was no method in place to quantify the vulnerability and the existingreports from the management system were in arrears which meant that anymanagement intervention actions were inevitability too late to beeffective.
This gap was identified as a critical business need. The potential liabilitiesboth legal and financial resulting from major accidents are punitive. Seniormanagement required to have visibility and be assured that their operationswere being managed correctly.
The tool and process has now been in place for over 4 years. It is a practicaldemonstration of Process Safety Management in the international Oil and Gasindustry. It is a global process for the company concerned and is an essentialpart of its Process Safety Management System.
Deepsea Riser Lift via the Air Lift Technology
Authors: Knodt Steffen , Kleinen Torsten , von Wirth Hermann-Josef 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Besides pumping systems, in the first line, another lifting system offers formining mineral raw materials from large sea depths (up to 6000m) has been knownfor decades in the large-diameter drilling technique, the so-called air liftsystem. Compressed air is blown into a continuous straight lifting string(riser) from top to bottom by injection from the outside into the inner pipe ina certain depth. This operation initiates a continuous lifting process enablinglifting of large solids quantities.
In close cooperation with the BGR (German Federal Institute for Geosciences andNatural Resources) we have optimised this system for deep sea mining ofmanganese nodules in water depth up to 6000m as shown in figure 1.
Arctic Development Roadmap: Prioritization of R&D
Authors: Taylor Rocky Scott , Murrin David C. , Kennedy Allison , Randell Charles 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The development of oil and gas resources in harsh northern environments isdependent on the availability of the necessary knowledge and technology toovercome the challenges associated with operating in these regions. Tofacilitate this, research and development programs are needed in a number ofspecific areas. The new, industry-funded Centre for Arctic Resource Development(CARD) is focused on addressing medium and long-term R&D needs forpetroleum development in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, and has sponsored abroad industry consultation program with subject matter experts from the Arcticoil and gas sector. This information has been distilled into an ArcticDevelopment Roadmap (ADR), in which R&D needs have been identified andprioritized to support effective planning. In this paper, the key findings ofthe Arctic Development Roadmap program are presented.

Introduction
The purpose of this project was to develop an Arctic Development Roadmap toidentify, organize and prioritize key R&D themes needed to fill gaps in theknowledge, technology, methodology and training associated with offshore Arcticoil and gas development. This work was funded through the C-CORE Centre forArctic Resource Development which is based out of St. John's, NL, Canada. CARDconducts medium to long-term R&D designed to improve the capacity andcapability for safe, responsible and cost-effective hydrocarbon development inArctic and sub-Arctic regions. With $16.5 million in combined funding from theHibernia and Terra Nova projects and the Research & Development Corporationof Newfoundland and Labrador (RDC), CARD will create more than 20 new full-timepositions for highly qualified individuals, from current world-class experts torising research stars. The centre's expertise is primarily engineering, thoughit will interface with experts in many fields, both in industry and academia. As indicated in Figure 1 below, the results of the ADR project are an importantinput into the five-year R&D plan for CARD, which has been vetted byindustry. This study will also serve to highlight research priority areas ofrelevance to the broader research community and various sectors of the oil andgas industry.
Improvements to Deepwater Subsea Measurement: RPSEA Project 07121-1301
Authors: Letton Chip , Webb Bob 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Recently there has been an effort to develop new measurement capabilities forultra-deepwater oil and gas production. Beginning in 2005, work began on whatwere perceived to be the most important gaps in deepwater measurementtechnology.
Since October 2008 a consortium of seven operating companies, in partnershipwith the US Department of Energy (DOE), has addressed six of the most pressinggaps for multiphase flow measurement:Deepwater fluid samplingROV-assisted measurementHPHT sensor developmentVirtual flow meter evaluationMeter fouling effectsMultiphase system uncertainty
The work was made possible by the Research Partnership to Secure Energy forAmerica (RPSEA), an entity established to promote cooperative efforts betweenindustry and the DOE. Key to its success was the active support of a JIPsponsored by seven deepwater operating companies: BHP, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Shell, Statoil, and Total.
Due to increasing dependence on deepwater production, these technologydevelopments are of great importance. There is a need to improve reservoirrecovery from deepwater, possibly yielding tens of millions of barrels ofadditional reserves, but such is not practical using traditional periodic welltests.
Of equal importance is the provision of more accurate and reliable deepwatermeasurement to ensure that the assessment of royalties and the allocation ofrevenues among owners is sufficiently precise and equitable.
In light of the Deepwater Horizon incident, however, perhaps the most importantapplications for these new measurement technologies lie in the realm of safetyand the environment. In retrospect, better and more extensive measurement couldhave proven extremely beneficial both before and after the accident. What hasbeen accomplished in this project has set the stage for future work aimed atproviding these kinds of capabilities for future drilling and productionsystems.
The paper and presentation will provide a look at progress that was achieved inclosing each of the six gaps addressed in this first major RPSEA measurementproject, and will discuss new follow-on projects sponsored by RPSEA to addressthe remaining deepwater measurement problems.
Application of PowerBuoy Wave Energy Converter Technology to Remote Power Requirements in Oil and Gas Field Developments
Authors: Hart Phil , Lurie Robert 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Hydrocarbon discoveries in frontier regions distant from shore and/or deepwaterare in the main marginal oil reserves lacking sufficient lease gas to satisfylocal power demand. System designs for offshore (subsea) power delivery havenot changed much over the past 50 years; gas and diesel are still the fuels ofchoice for power generation. Given today's volatile commodity market and theuncertainty surrounding climate change regulations developing thesegas-constrained reserves will require a more critical look at powerprovisioning options.
In general, these marginal reserves may support a 2–4 well project. And thebusiness economics dictate that the project's power demand is best served bylocal power generation as opposed to costly long-distance power transmissionfrom onshore.
In select regions of the world, the operator can look to renewables technology- wind, wave, current and ocean thermal energy conversion- for power generationwith no carbon footprint. This paper focuses in on a wave energy technologysolution for energizing a marginal oil field off the coast of West Africa. Itwill address the present status of the technology, recent technologicaladvances and future trends for this wave energy technology solution.
The outcome of this exercise indicates that in certain applications, waveenergy appears to be a cost-effective solution. A subsea asset without pumpinglargely has a peak end-load demand, so the intermittency of a renewable powerresource is tolerable. Where a pumping base load needs to be satisfied, theremay be a need for energy storage technology.