bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranberry proanthocyanidins are cytotoxic to human cancer cells and sensitize platinum‐resistant ovarian cancer cells to paraplatin
Authors: Singh Ajay P. , Singh Rakesh K. , Kim Kyu Kwang , Satyan K. S. , Nussbaum Roger , Torres Monica , Brard Laurent , Vorsa Nicholi 
Published: July 2009

AbstractPolyphenolic extracts of the principal flavonoid classes present in cranberry were screened in vitro for cytotoxicity against solid tumor cells lines, identifying two fractions composed principally of proanthocyanidins (PACs) with potential anticancer activity. Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐Of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) analysis of the proanthocyanidins (PACs) fractions indicated the presence of A‐type PACs with 1–4 linkages containing between 2–8 epicatechin units with a maximum of 1 epigallocatechin unit. PACs exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against platinum‐resistant human ovarian, neuroblastoma and prostate cancer cell lines (IC50 = 79–479 µg/mL) but were non‐cytotoxic to lung fibroblast cells (IC50 > 1000 µg/ml). SKOV‐3 ovarian cancer cells treated with PACs exhibited classic apoptotic changes. PACs acted synergistically with paraplatin in SKOV‐3 cells. Pretreatment of SKOV‐3 cells with PACs (106 µg/ml) resulted in a significant reduction of the paraplatin IC50 value. Similarly, in a BrdU incorporation assay, co‐treatment of SKOV‐3 cells with PACs and paraplatin revealed reduced cell proliferation at lower concentrations than with either individually. In SKOV‐3 cell cultures co‐treated with PAC‐1 and paraplatin, an HPLC analysis indicated differential quantitative presence of various PAC oligomers such as DP‐8, ‐9, ‐11 and ‐14 indicating either selective binding or uptake. Cranberry proanthocyanidins exhibit cell‐line specific cytotoxicity, induce apoptotic markers and augment cytotoxicity of paraplatin in platinum‐resistant SKOV‐3 ovarian cancer cells. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An exponentially weighted moving average control chart for Bernoulli data
Authors: Spliid Henrik 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe consider a production process in which
units are produced in a sequential manner. The units can, for example, be man‐
ufactured items or services, provided to clients.Each unit produced can be a
failure with probability p or a success (non‐failure) with probability (1−p).
A novel exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart intended
for surveillance of the probability of failure, p, is described. The chart is based
on counting the number of non‐failures produced between failures in combina‐
tion with a variance‐stabilizing transformation. The distribution function of the
transformation is given and its limit for small values of p is derived. Control
of high yield processes is discussed and the chart is shown to perform very well
in comparison with both the most common alternative EWMA chart and the
CUSUM chart. The construction and the use of the proposed EWMA chart are
described and a practical example is given. It is demonstrated how the method
communicates the current failure probability in a direct and interpretable way,
which makes it well suited for surveillance of a great variety of activities in
industry or in the service sector such as in hospitals, for example. Copyright
© 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Restrained Molecular Dynamics Empirical Approach for Generating a Small Set of Structures Representative of the Internal Flexibility of a Receptor
Authors: Aci‐Sèche Samia , Garnier Norbert , Genest Daniel , Bourg Stéphane , Marot Christophe , Morin‐Allory Luc , Genest Monique 
Published: July 2009

AbstractMultiple protein structure methods have been proposed for incorporating protein flexibility in molecular docking. One approach for docking ligands onto a rigid receptor is to use an ensemble of multiple rigid structures determined experimentally by X‐ray or NMR spectroscopy or generated by numerical simulations. In this work we present an empirical method for generating a wide range of conformational states of a wobbling receptor using restrained Molecular Dynamics simulations (MD) and we propose a partitioning protocol for selecting a few representative conformations of the binding site from restrained MD sampling.
State‐feedback disturbance attenuation for polytopic LPV systems with input saturation
Authors: Yun Sung Wook , Choi Yun Jong , Park PooGyeon 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis paper proposes a state‐feedback control law for linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems with input saturation and disturbances. The proposed control law employs two control parts: a main control part for reducing the restricted ℒ︁2 gain from the mismatched disturbance to the controlled output and an extra control part for eliminating the matched disturbance. Owing to this feature, the proposed control law provides a better disturbance attenuation performance than the conventional control law that deals with a unified disturbance regardless of the presence of matched and mismatched disturbances. Further, considering different forms of the feedback gain matrix K(θ(t)) and the Lyapunov function V(x(t)), three types of controllers are proposed. For each type, set invariance and the restricted ℒ︁2 gain performance conditions are first formulated in terms of parameterized linear matrix inequalities (PLMIs) and then converted into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by using a parameter relaxation technique. Results from the simulation of numerical examples confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controllers. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlling Cellular Uptake by Surface Chemistry, Size, and Surface Topology at the Nanoscale
Authors: Massignani Marzia , LoPresti Caterina , Blanazs Adam , Madsen Jeppe , Armes Steven P. , Lewis Andrew L. , Battaglia Giuseppe 
Published: July 2009

AbstractCell cytosol and the different subcellular organelles house the most important biochemical processes that control cell functions. Effective delivery of bioactive agents within cells is expected to have an enormous impact on both gene therapy and the future development of new therapeutic and/or diagnostic strategies based on single‐cell–bioactive‐agent interactions. Herein a biomimetic nanovector is reported that is able to enter cells, escape from the complex endocytic pathway, and efficiently deliver actives within clinically relevant cells without perturbing their metabolic activity. This nanovector is based on the pH‐controlled self‐assembly of amphiphilic copolymers into nanometer‐sized vesicles (or polymersomes). The cellular‐uptake kinetics can be regulated by controlling the surface chemistry, the polymersome size, and the polymersome surface topology. The latter is controlled by the extent of polymer–polymer phase separation within the external envelope of the polymersome.
Optically Coated Mirror‐Embedded Microchannel to Measure Hydrophoretic Particle Ordering in Three Dimensions
Authors: Choi Sungyoung , Park Je‐Kyun 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) measurement of the behavior of microfluidic particles is vital for improving their operational efficiency and characterization. In particular, it is important to measure particle motions in 3D for exact characterization of hydrophoresis, which utilizes 3D convective flows for size separation. Herein, the 3D measurement of hydrophoretic particle ordering for the exact characterization of hydrophoresis by using an optically coated mirror‐embedded microchannel is reported. The mirror, ideally at 45°, reflects the side view of the channel and enables 3D positional information to be obtained easily from two different orthogonal‐axis images. With this method, it is shown that hydrophoresis is governed by convective vortices and steric hindrance. It is also observed that hydrophoresis enables 3D particle focusing without sheath flows and accurate flow‐rate control. The mechanism of hydrophoresis is finally verified by conducting a computational simulation and comparing the simulation results with the experimental measurements. The hydrophoretic method can be straightforwardly integrated as a 3D particle‐focusing component in integrated microfluidic systems. The mirror‐embedded channel can also be readily fabricated in a single cast of polydimethylsiloxane, thus offering low‐cost, easy implementation of 3D particle measurement.
Reflections on the virtues of modularity: a case study in linux security modules
Authors: Blaich Andrew , Thain Douglas , Striegel Aaron 
Published: July 2009

AbstractDeveloping a modular system that properly supports a range of security models is challenging. The work presented here details our experiences with the modularLinuxsecurity framework called Linux Security Modules, or LSMs. Throughout our experiences we discovered that the developers of the LSM framework made certain tradeoffs for speed and simplicity during implementation, and consequently leaving the framework incomplete. Our experiences show at which points the theory of the LSM differs from reality, and details how these differences play out when developing and using a custom LSM. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering perspectives on healthcare delivery: Can we afford technological innovation in healthcare?
Authors: Rouse William B. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractThis article considers the national challenge of controlling healthcare costs. It is argued that this system‐level challenge is better addressed with an engineering approach rather than from the perspective of medical science that, quite rightly, is tailored to address clinical practice. The engineering approach is outlined and three models are proposed for controlling the costs of healthcare so that the growth of these costs tracks the growth of gross domestic product. These models provide insights into the magnitude of efficiency gains needed to accomplish this goal. Possible ways to achieve these gains are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast Dynamic Exchange between Na+OH– Ion Pairs and H2O Molecules in Sodalites
Authors: Mangir Murshed M. , Gesing Thorsten M. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractWe report sodalite phases formed at the intermediate stages during the fast dynamic exchange between Na+OH– ion pairs and H2O molecules while transforming a series of hydro‐hydroxy sodalites into hydro sodalites. The applicability of an ion‐exchange technique has been addressed, which is much faster than the previously employed exchange methods. The results of X‐ray diffraction, FTIR and 1H MAS NMR spectroscopy are complimentary showing the successive steps of the exchanges. The X‐ray data Rietveld refinements demonstrate that the framework composition did not change at the intermediate stages of the Na+OH–/H2O exchange, thus distinguished the ion‐exchange from recrystallization.
Binding Energy and Spin-Orbit Splitting of a Hydrogenic Donor Impurity in AlGaN/GaN Triangle-Shaped Potential Quantum Well
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Shu-Shen , Lü Yan-Wu , Liu Xiang-Lin , Yang Shao-Yan , Zhu Qin-Sheng , Wang Zhan-Guo 
Published: July 2009

Abstract
In the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory, including the effect of Rashba spin-orbit coupling, the binding energyE

b
and spin-orbit split energy Г of the ground state of a hydrogenic donor impurity in AlGaN/GaN triangle-shaped potential heterointerface are calculated. We find that with the electric field of the heterojunction increasing, (1) the effective width of quantum well "Equation missing"decreases and (2) the binding energy increases monotonously, and in the mean time, (3) the spin-orbit split energy Г decreases drastically. (4) The maximum of Г is 1.22 meV when the electric field of heterointerface is 1 MV/cm.
WEAK BRAIDED BIALGEBRAS AND WEAK ENTWINING STRUCTURES
Authors: ALONSO ÁLVAREZ J. N. , FERNÁNDEZ VILABOA J. M. , GONZÁLEZ RODRÍGUEZ R. 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIn this paper we clarify and improve the notion of weak braided bialgebra using weak entwining structures. As a main result we show that the notion of weak braided bialgebra can be rewritten in terms of weak entwining structures.
A generalized Osborn–Cox relation
Authors: EDEN CARSTEN , OLBERS DIRK , GREATBATCH RICHARD J. 
Published: July 2009

The generalized temporal residual mean (TRM-G) framework is reviewed and illustrated using a numerical simulation of vertical shear instability. It is shown how TRM-G reveals the physically relevant amount of diapycnal eddy fluxes and implied diapycnal mixing, and how TRM-G relates to the Osborn–Cox relation, which is often used to obtain observational estimates of the diapycnal diffusivity. An exact expression for the diapycnal diffusivity in the TRM-G is given in the presence of molecular diffusion, based on acknowledging and summing up an entire hierarchy of eddy buoyancy moments. In this revised form of the Osborn–Cox relation, diapycnal diffusivity is related only to irreversible mixing of buoyancy, since all advective and molecular flux terms are converted to dissipation of variance and higher order moments. An approximate but closed analytical expression can be given for the revised Osborn–Cox relation with the caveat that this closed expression implies unphysical cross-boundary rotational fluxes.It is demonstrated that the original Osborn–Cox relation, in which advective and molecular flux terms are simply neglected, is an approximation to the full form valid to first order. In the numerical simulation the original Osborn–Cox relation holds to a surprisingly good approximation despite large advective fluxes of variance and large lateral inhomogeneity in the turbulent mixing.
Present and future schistosomiasis control activities with support from the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative in West Africa
Authors: GARBA A. , TOURÉ S. , DEMBELÉ R. , BOISIER P. , TOHON Z. , BOSQUÉ-OLIVA E. , KOUKOUNARI A. , FENWICK A. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYSince 2004 the West African countries of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger have implemented national schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis control programmes with financial and technical support from the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI). In the first three years of the control programmes, nearly 13·5 million doses of praziquantel and albendazole have been administered against schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis with coverage rates varying between 67·0% and 93·9%. These treatments have resulted in a reduction of the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma infection in the sentinel cohorts that were set up to monitor and evaluate the national control programmes. The challenges currently faced by these national control programmes are the ability to maintain the reduction in morbidity achieved thus far due to the mass treatment campaigns and ensuring sustainability. For reinforcement of surveillance, the establishment of a geographical information system is suggested in order to contribute towards enhanced sustainability of these programmes. Our new working hypothesis is that targeted control accompanied by periodic mass treatment campaigns (every two to three years) can contribute to maintaining the low levels of morbidity achieved thus far. The implementation of integrated neglected tropical disease control programmes in these countries will provide means to ensure the financial sustainability of control activities for the years to come.
The Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI): rationale, development and implementation from 2002–2008
Authors: FENWICK A. , WEBSTER J. P. , BOSQUE-OLIVA E. , BLAIR L. , FLEMING F. M. , ZHANG Y. , GARBA A. , STOTHARD J. R. , GABRIELLI A. F. , CLEMENTS A. C. A. , KABATEREINE N. B. , TOURE S. , DEMBELE R. , NYANDINDI U. , MWANSA J. , KOUKOUNARI A. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases in developing countries. After malaria, schistosomiasis is the most important tropical disease in terms of human morbidity with significant economic and public health consequences. Although schistosomiasis has recently attracted increased focus and funding for control, it has been estimated that less than 20% of the funding needed to control the disease in Africa is currently available. In this article the following issues are discussed: the rationale, development and objectives of the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative (SCI)-supported programmes; the management approaches followed to achieve implementation by each country; mapping, monitoring and evaluation activities with quantifiable impact of control programmes; monitoring for any potential drug resistance; and finally exit strategies within each country. The results have demonstrated that morbidity due to schistosomiasis has been reduced by the control programmes. While challenges remain, the case for the control of schistosomiasis has been strengthened by research by SCI teams and the principle that a national programme using ‘preventive chemotherapy’ can be successfully implemented in sub-Saharan Africa, whenever the resources are available. SCI and partners are now actively striving to raise further funds to expand the coverage of integrated control of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in sub-Saharan Africa.
Subcellular localization ofTrypanosoma cruziarginine kinase
Authors: MIRANDA MARIANA R. , BOUVIER LEÓN A. , CANEPA GASPAR E. , PEREIRA CLAUDIO A. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYPhosphoarginine is a cell energy buffer molecule synthesized by the enzyme arginine kinase. InTrypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas' disease, 2 different isoforms were identified by data mining, but only 1 was expressed during the parasite life cycle. The digitonin extraction pattern of arginine kinase differed from those obtained for reservosomes, glycosomes and mitochondrial markers, and similar to the cytosolic marker. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that although arginine kinase is localized mainly in unknown punctuated structures and also in the cytosol, it did not co-localize with any of the subcelular markers. This punctuated pattern has previously been observed in many cytosolic proteins of trypanosomatids. The knowledge of the subcellular localization of phosphagen kinases is a crucial issue to understand their physiological role in protozoan parasites.
The involvement of TLR2 in cytokine and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by PBMCs in response toLeishmania majorphosphoglycans (PGs)
Authors: KAVOOSI G. , ARDESTANI S. K. , KARIMINIA A. 
Published: July 2009

SUMMARYIn the present study, we show for the first time that lipophosphoglycan (LPG) stimulated cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is also mediated via Toll-like receptor (TLR2). In addition, in order to verify if TLR2 is involved in recognition of the purified PGs, neutralizing mAbs against TLR2 and TLR4 were used to treat the cells before being stimulated with PGs. We found strong Th1-promoting cytokines induced by sLPG but not by mLPG which was blocked by presence of anti-TLR2 mAb. This finding reveals a mechanism by which the first encounter and recognition ofL. majorpromastigotes by mLPG after interaction with TLR2 provides a cytokine milieu for consequent Th2 differentiation. Moreover, having shown the strong induction of Th1-promoting cytokines and low production of IL-10 in response to sLPG might have vaccine implication since it is recognized by TLR2 providing signals to professional antigen presenting cells that reside in the skin to promote effective T cell responses againstLeishmaniainfection. In addition, it was shown that purified mLPG and sLPG activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production which is also blocked by anti-TLR2 but not by anti-TLR4. However, no inhibition was seen in PPG-induced cytokine and ROS production in the presence of anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4, implying involvement of other receptors.
What if God commanded something terrible? A worry for divine-command meta-ethics
Authors: MORRISTON WES 
Published: July 2009

AbstractIf God commanded something that was obviously evil, would we have a moral obligation to do it? I critically examine three radically different approaches divine-command theorists may take to the problem posed by this question: (1) reject the possibility of such a command by appealing to God's essential goodness; (2) avoid the implication that we should obey such a command by modifying the divine-command theory; and (3) accept the implication that we should obey such a command by appealing to divine transcendence and mystery. I show that each approach faces significant challenges, and that none is completely satisfying.
The free-will defence: evil and the moral value of free will
Authors: HIMMA KENNETH EINAR 
Published: July 2009

AbstractOne version of the free-will argument relies on the claim that, other things being equal, a world in which free beings exist is morally preferable to a world in which free beings do not exist (the ‘value thesis’). I argue that this version of the free-will argument cannot support a theodicy that should alleviate the doubts about God's existence to which the problems of evil give rise. In particular, I argue that the value thesis has no foundation in common intuitions about morality. Without some sort of intuitive support, the value thesis lacks the resources to serve as the foundation for a theodicy that addresses the powerful intuition, which affects believers and non-believers alike, that a perfect God would not allow so much evil.
God, fatalism, and temporal ontology
Authors: JOHNSON DAVID KYLE 
Published: July 2009

AbstractTheological incompatibility argumentssuggest God's comprehensive foreknowledge is incompatible with human free will.Logical incompatibility argumentssuggest a complete set of truths about the future is logically incompatible with human free will. Of the two, most think theological incompatibility is the more severe problem; but hardly anyone thinks either kind of argument presents a real threat to free will. I will argue, however, that sound theological and logical incompatibility arguments exist and that, in fact, logical incompatibly is the more severe problem. A deep analysis of the arguments will reveal that, to avoid a fatalist conclusion, we must reject bivalence and adopt a specific kind of temporal ontology (presentism), which also forces the theist to embrace open theism.
Pruss's ontological arguments
Authors: OPPY GRAHAM 
Published: July 2009

AbstractFirst, I suggest that it is possible to make some further improvements upon the Gödelian ontological arguments that Pruss develops. Then, I argue that it is possible to parody Pruss's Gödelian ontological arguments in a way that shows that they make no contribution towards ‘lowering the probability of atheism and raising the probability of theism’. I conclude with some remarks about ways in which the arguments of this paper can be extended to apply to the whole family of Gödelian ontological arguments.
Orthographic influences, vocabulary development, and phonological awareness in deaf children who use cochlear implants
Authors: JAMES DEBORAH , RAJPUT KAUKAB , BRINTON JULIE , GOSWAMI USHA 
Published: July 2009

ABSTRACTIn the current study, we explore the influence of orthographic knowledge on phonological awareness in children with cochlear implants and compare developmental associations to those found for hearing children matched for word reading level or chronological age. We show an influence of orthographic knowledge on syllable and phoneme awareness in deaf and hearing children, but no orthographic effect on rhyme awareness. Nonorthographic rhyme awareness was a significant predictor of reading outcomes for all groups. However, whereas receptive vocabulary knowledge was the most important predictor of word reading variance in the cochlear implant group, rhyme awareness was the only important predictor of word reading variance in the reading level matched hearing group. Both vocabulary and rhyme awareness were equally important in predicting reading in the chronological age-matched hearing group. The data suggest that both deaf and hearing children are influenced by orthography when making phonological judgments, and that phonological awareness and vocabulary are both important for reading development.