bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for the multidimensional nature of the relationship between adult obesity and socio-economic status: the French second National Individual Survey on Food Consumption (INCA 2) dietary survey (2006–07)
Authors: Fillol F. , Dubuisson C. , Lafay L. , Dufour A. , Bertin M. , Touvier M. , Maire B. , Volatier J.-L. , Lioret S. 
Published: June 2011

The objective was to study the multidimensional nature of the relationship between adult obesity (OB) and socio-economic status (SES), using comprehensive indices of SES taken separately or synthesised in an overall index. A nationally representative sample of adults aged 18–79 years was taken from the French second National Individual Survey on Food Consumption (INCA 2) dietary survey (2006–07). Weight and height were measured and OB defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. SES variables were reported in questionnaires and included occupation, education and characteristics of household wealth. Composite indices of SES (household wealth and overall SES indices) were computed by correspondence analysis, and relationships with OB were investigated with logistic regression analysis. In total, 11·8 (95 % CI 10·1, 13·4) % of French adults were obese, without significant difference by sex. While no significant relationship was observed in men, all SES indicators were inversely correlated to OB in women. Both education and the household wealth index were retained in the stepwise multivariate model, confirming that different socio-economic variables are not necessarily proxies of each other regarding the OB issue. On the other hand, ‘controlling for SES’ while including several measures of SES in multivariate models may lead to collinearity, and thus over-adjustment. A more integrative approach may be to derive a synthetic index by including the SES factors available in a given study. Beyond this methodological perspective, understanding how OB is related to the different dimensions of SES should help to target the more vulnerable groups and increase the effectiveness of prevention.
Arable land use intensity change in China from 1985 to 2005: evidence from integrated cropping systems and agro economic analysis
Authors: ZHOU D. , AN P. , PAN Z. , ZHANG F. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYA cropping system is the consequence of environmental and socio-economic conditions that determine the intensity of agricultural land use. Accurate information on regional land use intensity and changes in land use intensity is important for food security and sustainable resource management in China. Therefore, a better understanding of the spatial and temporal changes in arable land use intensity (ALUI) based on the cropping system used is essential to comprehend the changes in land use and the sustainability of the food system. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the spatial difference in ALUI and how it has changed in China by comparing data on cropping systems from 1985 and 2005. The basic cropping system data were acquired from the 1985 reference book and the 2005 national land use investigation. The ALUI was defined by the application of inputs (irrigation water and fertilizer) to arable land and the duration of disturbances (the duration of cultivation and the frequency of cropping), and it was calculated using the information entropy approach at the cropping region scale (cropping region being defined by the geographical and climatic conditions at the beginning of the 1980s). Spatial and temporal changes in the ALUI in China over the past two decades were observed and analysed. The results indicated a clear pattern in ALUI, increasing from the north to the south in 2005. Furthermore, the ALUI significantly increased after the 1980s, but the rate of increase was lower in the south than in the north. The most intensive land use in 1985 was in the area of the lower reach of the Yangtze and Huai Rivers, and it expanded northwards towards the Huang-Huai-Hai plain in 2005. The large increase in intensity in the northern single-cropping regions was strongly associated with a rapid increase in inputs and longer duration of cultivation. Decreases in duration of cultivation and planting area helped slow the ALUI increase in multiple cropping regions, which were concentrated in coastal and economically developed regions where more fertile soil and suitable climates existed, allowing the growth of multiple crops. These results suggested that a decrease in the planting area and a slow increase in the ALUI in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, South China, Southeast China and Northeast China should be of concern, but land use in some western regions should maintain the land production capacity to build sustainable cropping. In the future, it will be necessary to produce more food in a more sustainable way.
Indirect selection for grain yield in spring bread wheat in diverse nurseries worldwide using parameters locally determined in north-west Mexico
Authors: GUTIERREZ M. , REYNOLDS M. P. , RAUN W. R. , STONE M. L. , KLATT A. R. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYThe relationships of normalized water index three (NWI-3) and canopy temperature (CT) with grain yield in north-west Mexico were determined in a set of wheat lines planted in multi-location yield trials. Advanced wheat lines developed by The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) were included and tested internationally in the trials including the 24th Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial (ESWYT), the 11th Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trial (SAWYT) and the 11th High Temperature Wheat Yield Trial (HTWYT). In north-west Mexico, NWI-3, CT and grain yield were determined in three growing seasons (2006, 2007 and 2008) and three environments (well irrigated, water-stressed and high-temperature), while grain yield was measured at international locations in the same advanced lines of the 24th ESWYT, the 11th SAWYT and the 11th HTWYT . The CIMMYT database was used to obtain grain yield from worldwide nurseries. The mean grain yield ranged from 0·8 to 12·7 t/ha for the 24th ESWYT (59 international sites), from 0·6 to 8·2 t/ha for the 11th SAWYT (28 international sites) and from 0·4 to 7·5 t/ha for the 11th HTWYT (26 international sites). NWI-3 and CT for the advanced lines in the three yield trials measured in north-west Mexico in distinct environments showed significant associations with the grain yield from a few international locations (0·12–0·23 of sites). Locations from Central Asia and North Africa had the best associations with NWI-3 and CT. The lack of more associations may be due to either an interaction of other factors (low rainfall and limited irrigations), which affected yield performance, or few of the advanced lines were well adapted to local growing conditions at each testing site, or a combination of these factors. The present results indicate that NWI-3 and CT have limited potential to predict yield performance at international sites.
Application of a SUGAR model to analyse sugar accumulation in peach cultivars that differ in glucose–fructose ratio
Authors: WU B. H. , QUILOT B. , GÉNARD M. , LI S. H. , ZHAO J. B. , YANG J. , WANG Y. Q. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYA SUGAR model, which was established to predict the partitioning of carbon into sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol in fruit mesocarp of peach cultivars (Prunus persica(L.) Batch) with normal glucose: fructose ratio (G:F) of 0·8–1·5, was evaluated and extended for peach cultivars with a high G:F ratio of 1·5–7·8. The extended model (SUGARb) is more generic and assumes a high G:F ratio to be due to preferential transformation of sorbitol into glucose, preferential utilization of fructose or preferential conversion of fructose into glucose. The simulated seasonal variations in sugars via the SUGARb-model-matched experimental data for three normal and three high G:F cultivars well, and accurately exhibited G:F ratio characteristics. The relative rates of sucrose transformation into glucose and fructose differed according to cultivar but not according to G:F status. Compared with hexosephosphate interconversion, a lower production rate of fructose than glucose from sorbitol, and/or a higher utilization rate of fructose than that of glucose might be preferential alternatives for forming high G:F ratios in the high G:F cultivars studied in the present study, which is discussed in the light of recent results on enzyme activities.
Period-doubling cascades galore
Authors: SANDER EVELYN , YORKE JAMES A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe appearance of numerous period-doubling cascades is among the most prominent features ofparametrized maps, that is, smooth one-parameter families of mapsF:ℝ×𝔐→𝔐, where 𝔐 is a smooth locally compact manifold without boundary, typically ℝN. Each cascade has infinitely many period-doubling bifurcations, and it is typical to observe that, whenever there are any cascades, there are infinitely many cascades. We develop a general theory of cascades for genericF.
Team-building with answer set programming in the Gioia-Tauro seaport
Authors: RICCA F. , GRASSO G. , ALVIANO M. , MANNA M. , LIO V. , IIRITANO S. , LEONE N. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe seaport of Gioia Tauro is the largest transshipment terminal of the Mediterranean coast. A crucial management task for the companies operating in the seaport is team-building: the problem of properly allocating the available personnel for serving the incoming ships. Teams have to be carefully arranged in order to meet several constraints, such as allocation of employees with appropriate skills, fair distribution of the working load, and turnover of the heavy/dangerous roles. This makes team-building a hard and expensive task requiring several hours of manual preparation per day.In this paper we present a system based on Answer Set Programming for the automatic generation of the teams of employees in the seaport of Gioia Tauro. The system is currently exploited in the Gioia Tauro seaport by ICO BLG, a company specialized in automobile logistics.
The effect of spacecraft descent engine plumes on spore transfer to planetary surfaces: Phoenix as a test case
Authors: Marshall J.R. , Mancinelli R.L. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractLaboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of descent-engine plumes on the scouring of surface (microbial) contaminants from a spacecraft. A simulated touchdown of a half-scale lander engine and deck configuration was conducted at Mars atmospheric pressure in the NASA Ames Planetary Aeolian Laboratory. Low-density particles were used for the soil simulant to emulate the lower Martian gravity. The underside of the model had small witness plates with controlled microbial surface populations and particle impact detectors. For both steady-state engine thrust (Viking) and pulsed engine thrust (Phoenix), the exhaust plumes from the engines violently excavated the soil and produced particle-laden eddies beneath the lander that sandblasted the lander underside. The result was nearly complete erosion of microbial contaminants from the spacecraft model with their subsequent deposition in the surrounding area. It is concluded that different planetary protection cleanliness levels for different parts of a spacecraft do not necessarily prevent soil contamination because these cleaning strategies evolved without consideration of the effects of the descent engine plumes.
The Social Science of Democracy?
Authors: Locke Jill 
Published: June 2011

Alexis de Tocqueville, the First Social Scientist. By Jon Elster. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 212p. $80.00 cloth, $22.99 paper.Alexis de Tocqueville is surely one of the most widely cited, discussed, and celebrated political theorists in the world. Jon Elster's book, Alexis de Tocqueville: the First Social Scientist proceeds from a provocative premise: that Tocqueville's major works were lacking in “system” and were “hugely incoherent,” and that Tocqeuville himself “was not a major political thinker” (xi). Elster argues that instead Tocqueville ought to be viewed as a penetrating historical sociologist and an exemplary social scientist who might well be considered the first true social scientist. Elster's argument is important for at least two reasons: first, because it offers a striking and challenging reading of Tocqueville; and second, because it expands on Elster's own contributions in the philosophy of social science, and develops interesting understandings of “causal mechanisms,” methodological individualism, and social explanation more generally. As Elster writes in his Introduction, “the main task of this book is to argue for the relevance of Tocqueville for social science in the twenty-first century (p. 5).” The purpose of this Perspectives symposium is to assess Elster's argument in broad terms. What are the strengths and limits of Elster's reading of Tocqueville? How ought we to assess Elster's understanding of Tocqueville's deficiencies as a “political theorist?” What is the relevance of Tocqueville for contemporary social science? And, most importantly, what are the challenges and possible trajectories facing social science in the twenty-first century, and to what extent does Elster's essay point us in the right direction?—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
(−)−Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate Inhibits Pancreatic Lipase and Reduces Body Weight Gain in High Fat‐Fed Obese Mice
Authors: Grove Kimberly A. , Sae‐Tan Sudathip , Kennett Mary J. , Lambert Joshua D. 
Published: June 2011

Tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) has been shown to have obesity preventive effects in laboratory studies. We hypothesized that dietary epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) could reverse metabolic syndrome in high fat‐fed obese C57bl/6J mice, and that these effects were related to inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL). Following treatment with 0.32% EGCG for 6 weeks, a 44% decrease in body weight (BW) gain in high fat‐fed, obese mice (P < 0.01) was observed compared to controls. EGCG treatment increased fecal lipid content by 29.4% (P < 0.05) compared to high fat‐fed control, whereas in vitro, EGCG dose‐dependently inhibited PL (IC50 = 7.5 µmol/l) in a noncompetitive manner with respect to substrate concentration. (−)−Epicatechin‐3‐gallate exhibited similar inhibitory activity, whereas the nonester‐containing (−)−epigallocatechin did not. In conclusion, EGCG supplementation reduced final BW and BW gain in obese mice, and some of these effects may be due to inhibition of PL by EGCG.
Seasonal Changes in Habitat Availability and the Distribution and Abundance of Salmonids along a Stream Gradient from Headwaters to Mouth in Coastal Oregon
Authors: Reeves Gordon H. , Sleeper Jack D. , Lang Dirk W. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractVisual estimation techniques were used to quantify seasonal habitat characteristics, habitat use, and longitudinal distribution of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, coastal cutthroat trout O. clarkii clarkii and coho salmon O. kisutch in a coastal Oregon basin. At the channel unit scale, fish distribution was not proportional to habitat type availability. Pool habitats contained a disproportionate percentage of the salmonid assemblage, and the percentage of fish in pools increased as flow decreased. Large woody debris formed 57–68% of pool habitats and was significantly correlated with pool volume, maximum pool depth, slow surface velocity in pools, and pieces of small woody debris. At the reach and basin scales, longitudinal distribution of the total salmonid assemblage generally did not differ from habitat distribution seasonally or between years. Abundance in the reaches varied annually, and the fish species were longitudinally segregated within the basin: coastal cutthroat trout occurred in the uppermost reaches, steelhead occupied the lowest reaches, and coho salmon inhabited the middle reaches. This study demonstrates that the basinwide distribution of salmonids varies among species, age‐classes, seasons, and years. These results suggest that our understanding of salmonid distribution and abundance could be greatly enhanced by adopting a basinwide, community, seasonal perspective. In addition, the methods described here offer one way to assess the seasonal distribution and abundance of salmonids in a relatively quick, inexpensive, nondestructive manner.
Archival Tagging Methods for Monkfish
Authors: Richards R. Anne , Moser Joshua , Dunnigan Bridget , Alade Larry A. 
Published: June 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop archival tagging methods for goosefish Lophius americanus (more commonly known as monkfish), a species thought to be highly susceptible to capture and tagging mortality and very difficult to maintain in captivity. Archival tags were implanted subcutaneously near the second dorsal fin using sanitary surgical methods. A streamer attached to the tag extended through the skin and provided an externally visible tag. Mortality of both tagged and control fish was high (39–44%) in laboratory experiments but did not differ significantly; thus, tagging did not increase mortality. Tag retention was 100% through 6 weeks, but 38% of the incisions on tagged fish showed possible signs of opening. Two of four tagged fish held for up to 6 months expelled their tags. We hypothesize that the streamer prevented complete healing of the incision and led to tag loss. We conclude that archival tagging of monkfish could be successful but recommend that archival tags be completely enclosed if implanted subcutaneously.
Coverage tradeoffs and power estimation in the design of whole-genome sequencing experiments for detecting association
Authors: Shen Yufeng , Song Ruijie , Pe'er Itsik 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) allows direct interrogation of previously undetected uncommon or rare variants, which potentially contribute to the missing heritability of human disease. However, cost of sequencing large numbers of samples limits its application in case–control association studies. Here, we describe theoretical and empirical design considerations for such sequencing studies, aimed at maximizing the power of detecting association under the constraint of study-wide cost.
Results: We consider two cost regimes. First, assuming cost is proportional to the total amount of base pairs to be sequenced across all samples, which is a practical model for whole-genome sequencing, we explored the tradeoff in terms of study power between increasing the number of subjects and increasing depth coverage. We demonstrate that the optimal power of detecting association is achieved at medium depth coverage under a wide range of realistic conditions for case-only sequencing designs. Second, if cost is fixed per sample, which is approximately the case in exome sequencing, we show that in a simple case+control sequencing study, the optimal design should include cases totaling 1/e of all subjects.
Availability: A web tool implementing the methods is available at http://www.cs.columbia.edu/~itsik/OPERA/.
Contact: yshen@c2b2.columbia.edu; itsik@cs.columbia.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
PathVisio-MIM: PathVisio plugin for creating and editing Molecular Interaction Maps (MIMs)
Authors: Luna Augustin , Sunshine Margot L. , van Iersel Martijn P. , Aladjem Mirit I. , Kohn Kurt W. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Motivation: A plugin for the Java-based PathVisio pathway editor has been developed to help users draw diagrams of bioregulatory networks according to the Molecular Interaction Map (MIM) notation. Together with the core PathVisio application, this plugin presents a simple to use and cross-platform application for the construction of complex MIM diagrams with the ability to annotate diagram elements with comments, literature references and links to external databases. This tool extends the capabilities of the PathVisio pathway editor by providing both MIM-specific glyphs and support for a MIM-specific markup language file format for exchange with other MIM-compatible tools and diagram validation.
Availability: The PathVisio-MIM plugin is freely available and works with versions of PathVisio 2.0.11 and later on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux. Information about MIM notation and the MIMML format is available at http://discover.nci.nih.gov/mim. The plugin, along with diagram examples, instructions and Java source code, may be downloaded at http://discover.nci.nih.gov/mim/mim_pathvisio.html.
Contact: margot@discover.nci.nih.gov; augustin@mail.nih.gov
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
First Report of Buckeye Rot Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae in Tomato in New Mexico
Authors: French J. M. , Stamler R. A. , Randall J. J. , Goldberg N. P. 
Published: June 2011

Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan was isolated from turning tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in August 2010 from a garden in central New Mexico. Symptoms typical of buckeye rot including brown, water-soaked, necrotic lesions with concentric rings were observed on three tomato fruit. Tissue from each fruit was surface sterilized and plated onto water agar and incubated at room temperature. After 72 h, colonies of Phytophthora (identified by the presence of coenocytic hyphae and papillate sporangia) were found and subcultured by hyphal tips to V8 agar amended with ampicillin (250 mg/liter), rifampicin (10 mg/liter), and pimaricin (0.2% wt/vol). The isolates of Phytophthora were identified as P. nicotianae based on morphological characteristics and DNA analysis. Sporangia were sharply papillate, noncaducous, and ovoid to spherical. The average sporangium size was 44.5 × 35.5 μm with a length-to-width ratio of 1.26. Chlamydospores, both terminal and intercalary, were spherical to ovoid and averaged 38.9 × 37.5 μm. PCR amplification and sequence analysis on three isolates from the infected tomato tissue was performed using primers ITS4 and ITS6 that amplify the 5.8S rDNA and ITSI and ITSII internal transcribed spacers (1,2). A band of approximately 890 bp was amplified and directly sequenced (GenBank Accession No. HQ711620). A BLAST search of the NCBI total nucleotide collection revealed a 100% similarity to multiple P. nicotianae isolates previously sequenced. Pathogenicity tests with sequenced P. nicotianae isolates were performed to confirm virulence on tomato fruit. Tomatoes were surface sterilized with 95% ethanol and 0.1 ml of a P. nicotianae zoospore suspension (10,000 zoospores/ml) or sterile water was pipetted onto the surface of the tomato fruit. After 5 days in a humidity chamber, all three inoculated tomatoes had expanding water-soaked, circular lesions and the negative control showed no disease symptoms. P. nicotianae was successfully reisolated from the inoculated tomato tissue and the ITS region was sequenced to confirm its identity. Although the disease has been reported in many other states since the early 1900s, to our knowledge, this is the first report of P. nicotianae causing disease on tomato in New Mexico. References: (1) D. E. L. Cooke and J. M. Duncan. Mycol. Res. 101:667, 1997. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.