bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Batch synthesis of 2,4,6‐trinitro‐3‐bromoanisole and its thermolysis and combustion performance
Authors: Song Xiao‐lan , Wang Yi , Jia Kang‐hui , Yu Zhi‐hong , Song Dan , An Chong‐wei , Li Feng‐sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA new carrier explosive TNBA was batch synthesized by a chemical method. The prepared samples were characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD, IR, XPS, nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis techniques. The enthalpy of formation of TNBA was measured using a specialized calorimeter that is specially used in testing of explosives and powders. The thermal decomposition performance of TNBA was tested by DSC technology. Meanwhile, the combustion performance of TNBA was also tested. The results of characterizations showed that the prepared sample was indeed TNBA. The enthalpy of formation of TNBA was determined as ΔHf,TNBA=+48.5 kJ/mol. At a heating rate of 20 °C/min, the thermal decomposition peak of TNBA is at TP=285.3 °C, and the activation energy is EK=91 kJ/mol, which is higher than the Tp and EK values of TNT. This indicates that TNBA is a relatively easy to decompose explosive, but the decomposition rate is not fast. The critical temperature for thermal explosion of TNBA reached Tb=247 °C, which is higher than the Tb value of TNT, slightly lower than the Tb value of DNAN, and significantly higher than the Tb value of DNTF, TNAZ, and MTNP. The combustion performance test results showed that the TNBA sample has the highest combustion pressure and the highest pressurization rate; and the TNBA sample has the highest combustion temperature; however, due to the high oxygen balance, the combustion heat of TNBA samples in excess pure oxygen is not the highest.
Theory study on catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid over Si, N‐doped modified graphene quantum dots supported single atom Fe
Authors: Li Fangfang , Zhang Xunchao , Kang Lihua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExploring suitable catalysts to catalyze the chemical transformation of CO2 molecules is essential to reduce CO2 levels. In this article, catalyst models of Fe‐C4, Fe‐N4, and Fe‐Si4 were constructed using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and the reaction mechanisms of CO2 hydrogenation over these three catalysts were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that the doping of N atoms lowered the energy barrier of the second hydrogenation step compared with that of Fe‐C4 catalyst, while the doping of Si atoms changed the electron distribution on the surface of the catalyst and formed new Si adsorption sites. And the Fe‐Si4 catalyst had a stronger ability to activate CO2 molecules as well as stronger catalytic performance compared with the Fe‐C4 and Fe‐N4 catalysts, which was mainly attributed to the synergistic catalytic effect between the doped Si atoms and the Fe metal atom.
Local Isomeric Polar Nanoclusters Enabled Superior Capacitive Energy Storage Under Moderate Fields in NaNbO3‐Based Lead‐Free Ceramics
Authors: Xie Aiwen , Hu Tengfei , Lei Junwei , Zhang Yi , Wei Xianbin , Fu Zhengqian , Zuo Ruzhong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe high‐field energy‐storage performance of dielectric capacitors has been significantly improved in recent years, yet the high voltage risks of device failure and large cost of insulation technology increase the demand for high‐performance dielectric capacitors at finite electric fields. Herein, a unique superparaelectric state filled with polar nanoclusters with various local symmetries for lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric capacitors is subtly designed through a simple chemical modification method, successfully realizing a collaborative improvement of polarization hysteresis, maximum polarization, and polarization saturation at moderate electric fields of 20–30 kV mm−1. Therefore, a giant recoverable energy density of ≈5.0 J cm−3 and a high efficiency of ≈82.1% are simultaneously achieved at 30 kV mm−1 in (0.9‐x)NaNbO3‐0.1BaTiO3‐xBiFeO3 lead‐free ceramics, showing a breakthrough progress in moderate‐field comprehensive energy‐storage performances. Moreover, superior charge–discharge performances of high‐power density ≈182 MW cm−3, high discharge energy density ≈4.3 J cm−3 and ultra‐short discharge time <70 ns as well as excellent temperature stability demonstrate great application potentials for dielectric energy‐storage capacitors in pulsed power devices. This work provides an effective and paradigmatic strategy for developing novel lead‐free dielectrics with high energy‐storage performance under finite electric fields.
Graphene Derived from Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Silva Karla J. , Wyss Kevin M. , Teng Carolyn H. , Cheng Yi , Eddy Lucas J. , Tour James M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLandfilling is long the most common method of disposal for municipal solid waste (MSW). However, many countries seek to implement different methods of MSW treatment due to the high global warming potential associated with landfilling. Other methods such as recycling and incineration are either limited to only a fraction of generated MSW or still produce large greenhouse gas emissions, thereby providing an unsustainable disposal method. Here, the production of graphene from treated MSW is reported that including treated wood waste, using flash Joule heating. Results indicated a 71%–83% reduction in global warming potential compared to traditional disposal methods at a net cost of −$282 of MSW, presuming the graphene is sold at just 5% of its current market value to offset the cost of the flash Joule heating process.
Alkaline‐Responsive, Self‐Healable, and Conductive Copolymer Composites with Enhanced Mechanical Properties Tailored for Wearable Tech
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wei , Wu Chia‐Ti , Lo Tse‐Yu , Chen Yu , Chang Chun‐Ting , Chen Huan‐Ru , Chang Chun‐Chi , Lee Lin‐Ruei , Tseng Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite significant advancements, current self‐healing materials often suffer from a compromise between mechanical robustness and functional performance, particularly in terms of conductivity and responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Addressing this issue, the research introduces a self‐healable and conductive copolymer, poly(ionic liquid‐co‐acrylic acid) (PIL‐co‐PAA), synthesized through free radical polymerization, and further optimized by incorporating thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). This combination leverages the unique properties of each component, especially ion‐dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds, resulting in a material that exhibits exceptional self‐healing abilities and demonstrates enhanced mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. Moreover, the PIL‐co‐PAA/TPU films showcase alkaline‐responsive behavior, a feature that broadens their applicability in dynamic environments. Through systematic characterization, including thermogravimetric analysis, tensile testing, and electrical properties measurements, the mechanisms behind the improved performance and functionality of these films are elucidated. The conductivities and ultimate tensile strength (σuts) of the PIL‐co‐PAA/TPU films regain 80% under 8 h healing process. To extend the applications for wearable devices, the self‐healing properties of commercial cotton fabrics coated with the self‐healable PIL‐co‐PAA are also investigated, demonstrating both self‐healing and electrical properties. This study advances the understanding of self‐healable conductive polymers and opens new avenues for their application in wearable technology.
Advancing Nanomaterial Toxicology Screening Through Efficient and Cost‐Effective Quantitative Proteomics
Authors: Stobernack Tobias , Dommershausen Nils , Alcolea‐Rodríguez Víctor , Ledwith Rico , Bañares Miguel A. , Haase Andrea , Pink Mario , Dumit Verónica I. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProteomic investigations yield high‐dimensional datasets, yet their application to large‐scale toxicological assessments is hindered by reproducibility challenges due to fluctuating measurement conditions. To address these limitations, this study introduces an advanced tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling protocol. Although labeling approaches shorten data acquisition time by multiplexing samples compared to traditional label‐free quantification (LFQ) methods in general, the associated costs may surge significantly with large sample sets, for example, in toxicological screenings. However, the introduced advanced protocol offers an efficient, cost‐effective alternative, reducing TMT reagent usage (by a factor of ten) and requiring minimal biological material (1 µg), while demonstrating increased reproducibility compared to LFQ. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the advanced protocol is employed to assess the toxicity of nine benchmark nanomaterials (NMs) on A549 lung epithelial cells. While LFQ measurements identify 3300 proteins, they proved inadequate to reveal NM toxicity. Conversely, despite detecting 2600 proteins, the TMT protocol demonstrates superior sensitivity by uncovering alterations induced by NM treatment. In contrast to previous studies, the introduced advanced protocol allows simultaneous and straightforward assessment of multiple test substances, enabling prioritization, ranking, and grouping for hazard evaluation. Additionally, it fosters the development of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), contributing to innovative methodologies in toxicological research.
Improved ADRC Current Low‐Frequency Ripple Suppression Strategy Based on VFNF
Authors: Liu Yiyang , Li Weichao , Zhou Liang , Han Jinyang , Yang Zhennan , Zhao XiangLin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the two‐stage inverter system, due to the space vector modulation (SVM), the midpoint potential of active neutral point clamped three‐level inverter system (ANPC‐TLIS) will have triple frequency fluctuation, under the influence of the closed‐loop control strategy, the fluctuation amplitude of the lithium battery energy storage system (LBESS) output current will increase. To reduce the low‐frequency output current fluctuation, a voltage loop strategy based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) with notch filter (NF)is proposed in this paper. In this scheme, the voltage outer‐loop control strategy not only maintains voltage stability, but also reduces the fluctuation amplitude of reference current. In addition, during the electromagnetic transient process, the LBESS output current fluctuation frequency is constantly changing because the power supply frequency required by linear motor is constantly changing. To solve this problem, the inverter output current frequency is feedforward to the LBESS controller, forming a variable frequency notch filter (VFNF). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by fixed‐frequency and variable frequency conditions experiments on RT‐LAB experimental platform. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Long-term Safety and Efficacy of the Derivo Embolization Device in a Single-center Series
Authors: Goertz Lukas , Zopfs David , Kottlors Jonathan , Borggrefe Jan , Pennig Lenhard , Schlamann Marc , Kabbasch Christoph 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study analyzes the long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of the Derivo Embolization Device (DED), an advanced flow diverter device with an electropolished surface, for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods
A consecutive series of 101 patients (mean age: 58 years, 72% female) treated with the DED for 122 aneurysms at a single center between 2017 and 2023 was retrospectively analyzed for major (change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score ≥ 4 points) and minor (change in NIHSS score < 4 points) neurological events, procedural morbidity (increase of at least one point on the modified Rankin Scale), and angiographic results.

Results
There were 14 (11%) recurrent aneurysms, 15 (12%) ruptured aneurysms, 26 (21%) posterior circulation aneurysms and 16 (13%) fusiform or dissecting aneurysms. Device deployment failed in 1 case (1%). Procedure-related symptomatic procedural complications consisted of 2 (2%) major events (1 major stroke and 1 vessel perforation with intracranial hemorrhage and infarction) and 6 minor events (6 minor strokes). Procedural morbidity was 5%. There were no late ischemic or hemorrhagic events during follow-up. Complete and favorable aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 54% (40/74) and 62% (46/74) at a mean of 5 months, 71% (27/38) and 87% (33/38) at a mean of 12 months, and 76% (25/33) and 97% (32/33) at a mean of 35 months, respectively.

Conclusion
The results demonstrate progressive aneurysm occlusion beyond 12 months after DED implantation with an almost 100% favorable occlusion rate. Procedural morbidity was low and there were no late complications.
Do not shut up and do dribble: social media and TV consumption
Authors: Pazzona Matteo , Spagnolo Nicola 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of social media interest and sentiment surrounding the 2020 National Basketball Association’s involvement with the Black Lives Matter movement on the television audience in the United States. Twitter (now known as X) serves as the chosen social media platform, and we determine the sentiment expressed in tweets (messages posted on Twitter) using the XLM-RoBERTa deep language model. Our primary findings indicate that the quantity of users’ posts does not significantly influence TV viewership; instead, the tone of the messages plays a crucial role. Positive messages supporting the NBA’s engagement correlate with an increase in the number of viewers, while those expressing opposition do not. We argue that this asymmetry may stem from a positive elasticity among casual (non-habitual) NBA viewers concerning positive sentiments toward NBA involvement. These viewers are likely to align with the NBA’s stances on civil rights and BLM. In contrast, the core NBA fan base exhibits inelastic demand and is unlikely to cease watching NBA games. A comprehensive set of robustness checks reinforces the validity of our key conclusions.
Structure constants in equivariant oriented cohomology of flag varieties
Authors: Goldin Rebecca , Zhong Changlong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe introduce generalized Demazure operators for the equivariant oriented cohomology of the flag variety, which have specializations to various Demazure operators and Demazure–Lusztig operators in both equivariant cohomology and equivariant K-theory. In the context of the geometric basis of the equivariant oriented cohomology given by certain Bott–Samelson classes, we use these operators to obtain formulas for the structure constants arising in different bases. Specializing to divided difference operators and Demazure operators in singular cohomology and K-theory, we recover the formulas for structure constants of Schubert classes obtained in Goldin and Knutson (Pure Appl Math Q 17(4):1345–1385, 2021). Two specific specializations result in formulas for the the structure constants for cohomological and K-theoretic stable bases as well; as a corollary we reproduce a formula for the structure constants of the Segre–Schwartz–MacPherson basis previously obtained by Su (Math Zeitschrift 298:193–213, 2021). Our methods involve the study of the formal affine Demazure algebra, providing a purely algebraic proof of these results.
Impact of body mass index on fracture severity, clinical, radiological and functional outcome in distal radius fractures: a retrospective observational study after surgical treatment
Authors: Kloberdanz Anna Lena , Meyer Jasmin , Kammermeier Kora , Strahl André , Schlickewei Carsten , Mader Konrad , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Yarar-Schlickewei Sinef 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Distal radius fracture (DRF) is one of the three most common fractures of the human body with increasing incidences in all groups of age. Known causes of increasing incidence, such as ageing of the population or increased obesity, have been described and discussed. So far, literature reports ambivalent effects of body mass index (BMI) on bone physiology. It is worthwhile to examine the influence of BMI on the outcome of fractures more detailed. This study aims to investigate the influence of an abnormal BMI on fracture severity and treatment, as well as clinical, radiological, and functional outcome to improve clinical decision making.

Materials and methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted on data obtained from patients, who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a DRF at a local Level 1 Trauma Center between May 2018 and October 2021. Follow-up examinations were performed approximately 1 year after surgical fracture treatment, during which various questionnaires and functional measurements (CMS, DASH, NRS, ROM) were applied. In addition, postoperative complications were recorded and radiological examinations of the affected hand were performed. After excluding incomplete data sets and applying set exclusion criteria, the complete data of 105 patients were analyzed.

Results
74 patients were female and 31 male with significant difference in mean BMI [p = 0.002; female: 23.8 (SD ± 3.3), men: 26.2 (SD ± 3.9)]. Patients with higher BMI had significantly more severe fractures (p = 0.042). However, there was no significant difference in surgery time for fracture management. At follow-up, patients with lower BMI showed a smaller difference in hand strength between the fractured and the other hand (p = 0.017). The BMI had no significant effect on the clinical and radiological outcome.

Conclusion
Despite the ambivalent effects of BMI on the skeletal system, our findings indicate that a higher BMI is associated with more severe DRF. Thereby BMI does not correlate with surgery time for fracture treatment. Furthermore, no evidence of an influence on the clinical and radiological outcome could be detected.
In vitro evaluation of the percutaneous absorption of progesterone in anhydrous permeation-enhancing base using the Franz skin finite dose model and mass spectrometry
Authors: Banov Daniel , Song Guiyun , Ip Kendice , Seeley Erin H. , Linehan Stefan T. , Bassani Isabel , Ferron Gianna , Bassani August S. , Valdez Benigno C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractProgesterone is used for hormone replacement therapy through various routes of administration. This study was conducted to (a) evaluate the stability of progesterone in a proprietary anhydrous permeation-enhancing base (APEB) and the efficiency of its skin permeation, and (b) determine the appropriateness of mass spectrometry as a method of analysis for permeated progesterone. Using a proven stability-indicating ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method, the compounded hormone (100 mg progesterone/g APEB gel) was determined to be physically and chemically stable at room temperature for six months. Skin permeation analysis using the Franz skin finite dose model and mass spectrometry imaging showed an optical density of 1699 for the permeated progesterone compounded in APEB and 550 for the permeated progesterone in a water containing VBC, which is a statistically significant different (P = 0.029). The study suggests that APEB can be used as a compounding base for effective skin permeation of progesterone, and mass spectrometry is a reliable method for visualization and quantitative analysis of permeated progesterone.
Acute skin toxicity and self-management ability among Chinese breast cancer radiotherapy patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Lu Xiaomeng , Yin Yunteng , Geng Wenhui , Liu Lei , Liu Fengxia , Zhang Zhenye 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Radiation dermatitis is the most common reaction to radiotherapy, almost all breast cancer patients receive radiotherapy on an outpatient basis. Currently, there are no studies on the experience of radiation dermatitis and the ability to self-manage it. Therefore, we aimed to use qualitative approaches to gain a deeper understanding of the actual experiences and self-management ability in order to provide a reference for further improving the effectiveness of self-management and to optimize symptom management strategies.

Methods
A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using purposive sampling to select 17 breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from September to November 2023. The Colaizzi seven-step analysis method was used to classify the data into summarized themes.

Results
Four themes were identified from the interview responses: (1) multiple self-reported skin symptoms in breast cancer patients with radiation dermatitis; (2) the multidimensional impact on patient’s quality of life, especially pruritus, ulceration; (3) the ability to self-manage radiation dermatitis: strong mental toughness, positive response, and self-doubt; (4) challenges faced: concerns about radiotherapy side effects and recurrence, targeted symptom management and continuity of care after the radiotherapy.

Conclusions
Healthcare professionals should consider patients’ self-reported symptoms when assessing radiation dermatitis. For pruritus and pain, we can enhance precision symptom management to improve patients’ quality of life. By utilizing information technology tools, we can increase breast cancer patients’ ability and confidence in managing radiation dermatitis effectively while enhancing accurate symptom management during radiotherapy.
Application of machine learning to model the pressure poisson equation for fluid flow on generic geometries
Authors: Sousa Paulo , Afonso Alexandre , Veiga Rodrigues Carlos 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the importance of enhancing traditional fluid-flow solvers by introducing a Machine Learning procedure to model pressure fields computed by standard fluid-flow solvers. The conventional approach involves enforcing pressure–velocity coupling through a Poisson equation, combining the Navier–Stokes and continuity equations. The solution to this Poisson equation constitutes a substantial percentage of the overall computational cost in fluid flow simulations, therefore improving its efficiency can yield significant gains in computational speed. The study aims to create a versatile method applicable to any geometry, ultimately providing a more efficient alternative to the conventional pressure solver. Machine Learning models were trained with flow fields generated by a Computational Fluid Dynamics solver applied to the confined flow over multiple geometries, namely wall-bounded cylinders with circular, rectangular, triangular, and plate cross-sections. To achieve applicability to any geometry, a method was developed to estimate pressure fields in fixed-shape blocks sampled from the flow domain and subsequently assemble them to reconstruct the entire physical domain. The model relies on multilayer perceptron neural networks combined with Principal Component Analysis transformations. The developed Machine Learning models achieved acceptable accuracy with errors of around 3%. Furthermore, the model demonstrated enhanced computational efficiency, outperforming the classical PISO algorithm by up to 30 times.