bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Links between African easterly waves, midlatitude circulation and intraseasonal pulsations of the West African heat low
Authors: Lavaysse C. , Flamant C. , Janicot S. , Knippertz P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDuring summer 2006, the intensity of the thermal depression over the Sahara, derived from European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecast analyses, exhibited a strong decrease during the first couple of weeks of September. Simultaneously, widespread convective activity over the Sahel was detected. The aims of this study are to identify the reasons for this decrease of the West African Heat Low (WAHL) activity, to discuss the possible relationship with convection and to assess the representativity of such an event at the climatological time‐scale. From spectral analysis of the daily WAHL thickness during summer 2006, two period bands of significant intraseasonal pulsations were identified, and confirmed using the ERA‐40 reanalysis, namely 3–10 d and 10–30 d. In both the 2006 case‐study and the climatological composite study, we find that detrimental conditions in the 3–10 d period band are associated with moist and cool advections in the lower troposphere linked to the southerly sector of African easterly waves (AEWs) which increase convective activity over the Sahel. These humid and cold advections from the south are more pronounced when the AEW interacts with a midlatitude depression. In the 10–30 d period band, the impact of midlatitude circulation is demonstrated. During the collapsing period of the 10–30 d pulsations of the WAHL thickness, an upper‐level trough is seen over northern West Africa. This situation generates a surge of 700 hPa cold air from Libya into the Sahara, an increase of the 925 hPa anticyclonic circulation and a significant increase of convective activity over the Sahel. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
Reliability estimation by ALT when no analytical model holds
Authors: Lantiéri, P. , Guérin F. , Hambli R. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an accelerated life testing method applicable to devices or systems when no analytical relationship with respect to the stress level can be defined. If a numerical approach remains possible, the numerical model can be fitted to the accelerated test results. Thus, long‐term failures can be predicted from short tests. This method is carried out in the case of fatigue, the evolution of the damage leading to the failure having to be modeled by a numerical finite element method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of Stage I twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome: an international survey
Authors: Molina S. , Papanna R. , Moise K. J. , Johnson A. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine practice patterns for evaluation and treatment of Stage I twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) among international physicians.MethodsAn e‐mail cross‐sectional survey of members from the IFMSS, NAFTNet and SMFM societies and participants at a Eurofoetus‐sponsored TTTS meeting was undertaken between May 2008 and November 2008. Questionnaires consisted of physician demographics and their recommendations for managing Stage I TTTS. Alternative therapies to expectant management were assessed based on the following special circumstances of the patient: residence more than 200 miles from the center, severe symptoms, or a cervical length of ≤ 15 mm.ResultsEighty‐one surveys were returned, giving a response rate of 84%. Five surveys were excluded as a result of duplication or missing data. Of the remaining 76 surveys, 48 were from North America, 20 were from Europe and eight were from other continents. Expectant management was the predominant recommendation (78%), followed by amnioreduction (11%), laser ablation (11%) and septostomy (1%). Recommendations for amnioreduction were exclusively from North American centers. Laser centers recommended expectant management more frequently than non‐laser facilities (89% vs. 59%; P < 0.01). When examples of special patient circumstances were presented, North American centers changed their recommendation from expectant management to amnioreduction more often than did European centers. However, a greater proportion of European centers recommended laser surgery for special patient circumstances.ConclusionExpectant management remains the predominant management of Stage I TTTS. In some patient circumstances, North American centers are more likely to recommend amnioreduction while European centers are more likely to recommend laser therapy. A randomized controlled trial will be necessary to evaluate the most efficacious management strategy for Stage I TTTS. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective reduction in complicated monochorionic pregnancies: radiofrequency ablation vs. bipolar cord coagulation
Authors: Roman A. , Papanna R. , Johnson A. , Hassan S. S. , Moldenhauer J. , Molina S. , Moise K. J. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo compare radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and bipolar cord coagulation (BPC) methods for selective fetal reduction in the treatment of complicated monochorionic (MC) multifetal gestations.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of patients who underwent selective reduction by RFA and BPC. Computer‐generated random sampling was performed to match patients who had undergone BPC with patients who had undergone RFA, in a 2 : 1 ratio, controlling for gestational age and indication. The primary outcome was fetal survival.ResultsTwenty patients in the RFA group were matched with 40 patients in the BPC group. Fewer additional intra‐operative procedures were performed in the RFA group compared with the BPC group: amnioinfusion, 10% vs. 75%, respectively (P < 0.01); and amnioreduction, 5% vs. 40%, respectively (P = 0.004). The overall survival rates were 87.5% in the RFA group and 88% in the BPC group (P = 0.94). Median gestational age at delivery was 36 (range, 26–41) weeks in the RFA group and 39 (range, 19–40) weeks in the BPC group (P = 0.59). Preterm delivery (at < 28, < 32 or < 37 weeks), weeks gained after the procedure and birth weight at delivery were also similar. Although the preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) rate was higher in the BPC group (22.5%) compared with the RFA group (5%), the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.09).ConclusionsOverall fetal survival rate following selective reduction in complicated MC pregnancies is similar whether reduction is performed by RFA or BPC. Fewer additional intraoperative procedures are required for RFA than for BPC. The possibility that RFA is associated with a lower rate of postoperative PPROM than is BPC will have to be confirmed in larger series. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between abnormal vaginal flora and cervical length as risk factors for preterm birth
Authors: Donders Gilbert G , Van Calsteren Christel , Bellen Gert , Reybrouck Reinhilde , Van den Bosch Thierry , Riphagen Ine , Van Lierde Stephan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractAim.To study the relationship between abnormal vaginal flora (AVF) in the first trimester as a risk factor for shortening cervix length (CL) at second and third trimester, and to assess the combination of these factors in predicting preterm delivery.Methods.1026 unselected low risk women seen before 16 weeks of pregnancy underwent sampling of vaginal fluid for wet mount microscopy at a central laboratory blinded to clinical data. Disappearance of lactobacilli and bacterial vaginosis (BV) were scored according to standardized definitions. Specific cultures were performed for M hominis, U urealyticum, aerobic vaginitis (AV) and vaginal colonization with Candida. CL was measured by transvaginal ultrasound at 10–14, 20‐24 and at 30‐34 weeks, and gestational age at delivery was recorded.Results.Short cervix (CL below the lower quartile) at 10–14 weeks is related to a lower CL at 20‐24 and 30‐34 weeks of gestation (p=0.01, p=0.005 respectively). Short cervix at 20‐24 weeks, but not at 10–14 weeks, was predictive for preterm birth. In patients with M. hominis and/or with severe AV at 10–14 weeks, the cervix appeared shorter at 20–24 and at 30–34 weeks than in other women. Increased risk for preterm birth in women with a shorter cervix at 10–14 weeks and AVF could not be proved by this study.Discussion.Presence of AV or M. hominis is associated with a shorter cervix at 20–24 and 30–34 weeks. Although a short cervix at 10–14 weeks increases the likelihood of having a short cervix later in pregnancy, it was not a prerequisite for AVF to be associated with preterm delivery. Therefore, in the pathogenesis of preterm birth, certain types of AVF may be involved directly in the process of cervical shortening, rather than being exposed to the intrauterine cavity more readily by a short cervix in the early stages of pregnancy. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of keratan sulfate level in mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Tomatsu Shunji , Montaño Adriana M. , Oguma Toshihiro , Dung Vu Chi , Oikawa Hirotaka , de Carvalho Talita Giacomet , Gutiérrez María L. , Yamaguchi Seiji , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Fukushi Masaru , Kida Kazuhiro , Kubota Mitsuru , Barrera Luis , Orii Tadao 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (MPS IVA, Morquio A disease), a progressive lysosomal storage disease, causes skeletal chondrodysplasia through excessive storage of keratan sulfate (KS). KS is synthesized mainly in cartilage and released to the circulation. The excess storage of KS disrupts cartilage, consequently releasing more KS into circulation, which is a critical biomarker for MPS IVA. Thus, assessment of KS level provides a potential screening strategy and determines clinical course and efficacy of therapies. We have recently developed a tandem mass spectrometry liquid chromatography [LC/MS/MS] method to assay KS levels in blood. Forty‐nine blood specimens from patients with MPS IVA [severe (n = 33), attenuated (n = 11) and undefined (n = 5)] were analyzed for comparison of blood KS concentration with that of healthy subjects and for correlation with clinical severity. Plasma samples were digested by keratanase II to obtain disaccharides of KS. Digested samples were assayed by LC/MS/MS. We found that blood KS levels (0.4–26 µg/ml) in MPS IVA patients were significantly higher than those in age‐matched controls (0.67–4.6 µg/ml; P < 0.0001). It was found that blood KS level varied with age and clinical severity in the patients. Blood KS levels in MPS IVA peaked between 2 years and 5 years of age (mean 11.4 µg/ml). Blood KS levels in severe MPS IVA (mean 7.3 µg/ml) were higher than in the attenuated form (mean 2.1 µg/ml) (P = 0.012). We also found elevated blood KS levels in other types of MPS. These findings indicate that the new KS assay for blood is suitable for early diagnosis and longitudinal assessment of disease severity in MPS IVA.
Genotype–phenotype correlations: sudden death in an infant with very‐long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Coughlin Curtis R. , Ficicioglu Can 
Published: January 2010

AbstractVery‐long‐chain acyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of fatty acid oxidation. The phenotype of VLCADD is heterogeneous, and patients are typically classified into three categories based upon onset of symptoms and clinical findings. As a result of early diagnosis and treatment, many patients with VLCADD have remained asymptomatic. A general genotype–phenotype correlation has been elicited. A genotype that is associated with residual enzyme activity is more likely to present with an attenuated phenotype. One prevailing mutation, the c.848T>C (p.V283A), has been associated with residual enzyme activity and has been identified in many asymptomatic individuals diagnosed through either newborn or family screening. We present a patient who died as a result of fatal hypoglycemia at 38 h of life before diagnosis of VLCADD could be established by newborn screening. Despite the early onset of the disease, the patient was found to have a missense mutation within the ACADVL gene with a c.848T>C, c.342+1G>C genotype. Genotype alone remains limited in its predictive ability to determine which affected individuals are at risk for fatal complications.
A Pilot Study of Vitamin D and Balance Characteristics in Middle‐Aged, Healthy Individuals
Authors: Qutubuddin Abu , Cifu David X. , Adler Robert A. , Carne William , Gitchel George 
Published: January 2010

ObjectiveTo examine what relationship exists between 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) levels and postural competency in the middle‐aged, healthy individual.DesignA community convenience sample.SettingMajor medical center employees.SubjectsThirty‐five healthy individuals older than 40 years of age who demonstrated appropriate cognition and physical stability. Specific exclusion criteria included any prior history of hip, knee, or ankle fracture or surgery.MethodsQuestionnaire regarding exercise and sun exposure, vitamin D blood level, followed by computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) assessment of balance.Main Outcome MeasurementsCDP scores of individuals with normal and subnormal vitamin D levels.ResultsThirteen male and 22 female subjects had a mean age of 56.0 years (standard deviation, 7.6; range, 42‐77). Self‐reported, retrospective mean weekly sun exposure was 7.36 hours (standard deviation, 6.4 hours). Twenty‐six subjects (76.5%) described themselves as regular exercisers. Mean 25‐OHD level for the sample was 21.5 ng/mL (standard deviation, 12.1 ng/mL). When subjects were divided into those with low and high 25‐OHD levels, there was no significant difference in composite limits of stability reaction time scores (mean, 0.98 seconds and 0.84 seconds; P = .23), composite maximal velocity scores (4.2°/second and 5.5°/second; P = .08), composite end point excursion (70.3% and 70.1%; P = .95), and directional control composite scores (71.0% and 71.4%; P = .93). The two groups also showed no significant differences in rhythmic weight shifting left and right as well as forward and backward.ConclusionsUnlike studies involving elderly subjects, this study of younger, healthy subjects did not demonstrate a relationship between vitamin D and balance.
ON COHERENCE OF ENDOMORPHISM RINGS
Authors: ZHU HAI-YAN , DING NAN-QING 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet R be a ring and U a left R-module with S=End(RU). The aim of this paper is to characterize when S is coherent. We first show that a left R-module F is TU-flat if and only if HomR(U,F) is a flat left S-module. This removes the unnecessary hypothesis that U is Σ-quasiprojective from Proposition 2.7 of Gomez Pardo and Hernandez [‘Coherence of endomorphism rings’, Arch. Math. (Basel)48(1) (1987), 40–52]. Then it is shown that S is a right coherent ring if and only if all direct products of TU-flat left R-modules are TU-flat if and only if all direct products of copies of RU are TU-flat. Finally, we prove that every left R-module is TU-flat if and only if S is right coherent with wD(S)≤2 and US is FP-injective.
PARTIAL ORDERS ON PARTIAL BAER–LEVI SEMIGROUPS
Authors: SINGHA BOORAPA , SANWONG JINTANA , SULLIVAN R. P. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractMarques-Smith and Sullivan [‘Partial orders on transformation semigroups’, Monatsh. Math.140 (2003), 103–118] studied various properties of two partial orders on P(X), the semigroup (under composition) consisting of all partial transformations of an arbitrary set X. One partial order was the ‘containment order’: namely, if α,β∈P(X) then α⊆β means xα=xβ for all x∈dom α, the domain of α. The other order was the so-called ‘natural order’ defined by Mitsch [‘A natural partial order for semigroups’, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.97(3) (1986), 384–388] for any semigroup. In this paper, we consider these and other orders defined on the symmetric inverse semigroup I(X) and the partial Baer–Levi semigroup PS(q). We show that there are surprising differences between the orders on these semigroups, concerned with their compatibility with respect to composition and the existence of maximal and minimal elements.
Absorption, conjugation and excretion of the flavanones, naringenin and hesperetin from α-rhamnosidase-treated orange juice in human subjects
Authors: Bredsdorff Lea , Nielsen Inge Lise F. , Rasmussen Salka E. , Cornett Claus , Barron Denis , Bouisset Florilene , Offord Elizabeth , Williamson Gary 
Published: January 2010

We have determined the absorption, conjugation and excretion of naringenin-7-O-rutinoside (narirutin) compared to the corresponding glucoside in an orange juice matrix in human subjects. Healthy volunteers (eight men and eight women), in a double blind, randomised, crossover study, consumed orange juice with (1) natural content of naringenin-7-O-rutinoside; (2) α-rhamnosidase-treated to yield naringenin-7-O-glucoside. Blood was sampled at twelve time points and three fractions of urine were collected over 24 h. The area under the plasma–time curve of naringenin from (2) α-rhamnosidase-treated orange juice was increased about 4-fold (P < 0·0001), peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 5·4-fold higher (P < 0·0001) and Tmax was decreased from 311 to 92 min (P = 0·002) compared to untreated orange juice (1), indicating a change in absorption site from the colon to the small intestine. Furthermore, the amount in urine was increased from 7 to 47 % (P < 0·0001) of the dose after consumption of the α-rhamnosidase-treated orange juice (2). All urine samples contained both naringenin-7- and -4′-O-glucuronides. In addition, to examine the effect of dose and α-rhamnosidase treatment on hesperetin conjugate profiles, a further treatment where (3) orange juice fortified with three times the original content of hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside was used. Five hesperetin metabolites (3′-O-glucuronide; 7-O-glucuronide; 5,7-O-diglucuronide; 3′,7-O-diglucuronide; 3′-O-sulphate) were present after all treatments (1–3), with the same profile of the conjugates. The present data show that bioavailability of naringenin is increased by conversion from rutinoside to glucoside, but the profile of the conjugates of flavanones formed and excreted in urine is neither affected by the absorption site nor by a 3-fold change in dose.
Nonlinear condensation modes
Authors: WEILAND JAN 
Published: January 2010

AbstractIn the far edge, in L-mode plasmas and the outer parts of the H-mode barrier, tokamak plasmas may be so collisional that parallel electron motion can be neglected or included as a perturbation. Thus we have a regime that is basically two dimensional. We will here consider the outer part of the H-mode barrier where transport is small. Recently a condensation mode was found for this regime. We have extended the theory to the nonlinear regime.
Neurobiological adaptations to violence across development
Authors: Mead Hilary K. , Beauchaine Theodore P. , Shannon Katherine E. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractDevelopmental adaptations to violent environments involve a multitude of cascading effects spanning many levels of analysis from genes to behavior. In this review, we (a) examine the potentiating effects of violence on genetic vulnerabilities and the functioning of neurotransmitter systems in producing both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology; (b) describe implications of violence exposure for brain development, particularly within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex; and (c) consider the effects of violence on developing human stress and startle responses. This review integrates literatures on the developmental effects of violence among rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. Many neurobiological changes that are adaptive for survival in violent contexts become maladaptive in other environments, conferring life-long risk for psychopathology.
Developmental trajectories of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Richler Jennifer , Huerta Marisela , Bishop Somer L. , Lord Catherine 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis study examined how restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBs) developed over time in a sample of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). One hundred ninety-two children referred for a diagnosis of autism at age 2, and 22 children with nonspectrum development disorders were evaluated with a battery of cognitive and diagnostic measures at age 2 and subsequently at ages 3, 5, and 9. Factor analysis of the RRB items on the Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised revealed two RRB factors at each wave of data collection, one comprising “repetitive sensorimotor” (RSM) behaviors and the other “insistence on sameness” (IS) behaviors. For children with ASD, RSM scores remained relatively high over time, indicating consistent severity, whereas IS scores started low and increased over time, indicating worsening. Having a higher nonverbal intelligence (NVIQ) at age 2 was associated with milder concurrent RSM behaviors and with improvement in these behaviors over time. There was no relationship between NVIQ at age 2 and IS behaviors. However, milder social/communicative impairment, at age 2 was associated with more severe concurrent IS behaviors. Trajectory analysis revealed considerable heterogeneity in patterns of change over time for both kinds of behaviors. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for our understanding of RRBs in ASD and other disorders, making prognoses about how RRBs will develop in children with ASD as they get older, and using RRBs to identify ASD phenotypes in genetic studies.
Attachment security and disorganization in maltreating and high-risk families: A series of meta-analyses
Authors: Cyr Chantal , Euser Eveline M. , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , Van Ijzendoorn Marinus H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe current meta-analytic study examined the differential impact of maltreatment and various socioeconomic risks on attachment security and disorganization. Fifty-five studies with 4,792 children were traced, yielding 59 samples with nonmaltreated high-risk children (n= 4,336) and 10 samples with maltreated children (n= 456). We tested whether proportions of secure versus insecure (avoidant, resistant, and disorganized) and organized versus disorganized attachments varied as a function of risks. Results showed that children living under high-risk conditions (including maltreatment studies) showed fewer secure (d= 0.67) and more disorganized (d= 0.77) attachments than children living in low-risk families. Large effects sizes were found for the set of maltreatment studies: maltreated children were less secure (d= 2.10) and more disorganized (d= 2.19) than other high-risk children (d= 0.48 andd= 0.48, respectively). However, children exposed to five socioeconomic risks (k= 8 studies,d= 1.20) were not significantly less likely to be disorganized than maltreated children. Overall, these meta-analyses show the destructive impact of maltreatment for attachment security as well as disorganization, but the accumulation of socioeconomic risks appears to have a similar impact on attachment disorganization.