bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nature gaze: Eye‐tracking experiment reveals well‐being benefits derived from directing visual attention towards elements of nature
Authors: Fleming Whitney , Rizowy Brian , Shwartz Assaf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The urban lifestyle has a profound effect on mental health, contributing significantly to the challenges faced by people who reside in urban areas. Growing empirical evidence underscores the potential of nature to alleviate these mental health burdens. However, we still lack understanding of which specific natural elements provide these benefits.

Using eye‐tracking technology, we experimentally explored the relationships between intentional visual attention to natural (green) and human‐made (grey) elements in urban areas and their association with well‐being measures. Participants took a 45‐min outdoor walk that simulates a walk to and from work, in which we examined pre‐ and post‐measures of cognition, affect, anxiety and perceived restorativeness. Participants were prompted to direct their attention to green, grey or a mixture of both elements. By analysing participants' eye movements and patterns, we determined adherence to experimental conditions and related visual attention to natural elements.

The experimental groups instructed to direct their visual attention to green, grey or a mix of both infrastructures exhibited differences in negative and positive affect, anxiety and perceived restorativeness, but not in cognition after a walk in an urban environment.

The percentage of time spent viewing natural elements showed that people who focused more on green features reported a decrease in anxiety and higher perceived restorativeness. In contrast, those who spent more time viewing grey elements reported increased anxiety and lowered perceived restorativeness. The percentage of time viewing natural elements was not linked to affect or cognition. Viewing trees showed the strongest association with well‐being measures compared to other natural elements.

Together, our results indicate that a simple behaviour change (directing visual attention to elements of nature instead of grey elements) can produce mental health benefits in the form of reducing anxiety and perceived restoration for people in urban areas. Thus, efforts to integrate nature, especially trees, in urban areas and promote city dwellers to visually interact with it during their daily routine can improve mental issues associated with urban lifestyle.

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Amino polysaccharide quaternary ammonium salt grafted to PET‐Cuff by ultraviolet irradiation for improving the sustained antibacterial property of semi‐permanent central vein tunneled cuffed catheter
Authors: Liu Jianyong , Li Hongxia , Shi Chenhao , Liu Yi , Shi Changcan , Sun Xuedong , Li Xujian , Chen Xumin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn hemodialysis, tunneled cuffed catheter (TCC) is commonly used as a medical device for establishing vascular access. To address the current problem that the skin tunnel of TCC is susceptible to bacterial infection, this work proposes quaternized modification of the cuff of TCC to comprehensively enhance the long‐lasting antimicrobial performance of TCC. The morphology of the cuff basically resembles the polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, acrylic acid (AA) was grafted onto PET. Then, amino polysaccharide quaternary ammonium salt (As) replaced H+ of the carboxyl groups on the macromolecular chain of PET through solution post‐treatment method. Through the single factor experiment, the degree of grafting reached 159.8% under the optimum preparation conditions (AA concentration of 25 vol%, H+ concentration of 0.2 mol/L, photosensitizer capacity of 15 wt%, and photo‐irradiation time of 30 min). By the above method, we successfully synthesized a highly hydrophilic, well biocompatible, and highly efficient antimicrobial PET‐g‐PAA@As. Animal experiments and histological analyses showed that PET‐g‐PAA@As was superior to PET control and blank control groups in controlling infection and promoting wound healing. This catheter material with excellent biocompatibility, sustained antimicrobial activity, and wound healing ability will have great potential for use in hemodialysis.
Research of electret air filter: A review
Authors: Li Kexin , Feng Guangna , Chen Tao , Zhao Haili 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe harmful effects of air pollution on humans are multifaceted and are closely linked to outbreaks of various infectious viruses. Thus, design of high‐performance air filters that are lightweight, flexible, and easy to prepare is urgent. The electret air filter can utilize the electrostatic force of charge to capture dust particles, making it efficient and convenient, which is highly favored by people. In this study, a summary of the research on electret filters for highly efficient air purification is presented. First, this study outlines the mechanisms of air filtration methods and discusses three factors that evaluate filter performance. The methods of manufacturing electret air filters are then presented, and the advantages and limitations of different methods are discussed. Then, electrification, including corona discharge, friction electrification, electrospinning, thermal electrification, and water electrification as methods, enhances the physical charge adsorption performance of materials, while the use of fluorinate polymer, non‐fluorinate polymer, and biobased polymer as functional substrates exhibits varying degrees of electrification effects. Different materials and manufacturing techniques give the filters additional advantages, such as being self‐degradable and antibacterial. Finally, the challenges that remain in the development of electret filters for use in air purification are also discussed in terms of material type and fabrication technology. It is expected that highly efficient air purification with low energy consumption can be achieved by electret filters with multifunctional capabilities.
Synthesized and characterized high‐performance and low‐cost zirconium phosphate‐additive sulfonated polyethersulfone membranes for PEMFC
Authors: Yağızatlı Yavuz , Sahin Alpay , Ar İrfan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, the preparation, characterization, and fuel cell performance tests of high‐performance and low‐cost zirconium phosphate (ZrP)‐additive sulfonated polyethersulfone (sPES) membranes, which may serve as a substitute for the commercial membrane used in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), were carried out. ZrP‐additive sPES membranes were prepared by solution casting method with different weight ratios (2.5%, 5%, and 9%). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water uptake capacity (WUc), dynamic mechanical analysis, ion exchange capacity (IEx), degree of hydration, impedance analysis, and oxidative stability were used to characterize the created membranes. Ultimately, single‐cell performance experiments were used to evaluate the membranes' performance in real fuel cell environments. ZrP additive improved the WUc, mechanical properties, IEx, and proton conductivity properties of the membrane. WUc of the membranes enhanced by approximately 94% at 80°C, while the proton conductivity augment by approximately 47% with 9% ZrP by weight. 0.97 meq g−1 IEx was obtained for the sPES, whereas it was obtained as 1.41 meq g−1 for sPES‐9ZrP. Oxidative stability experiments for 120‐h determined that all synthesized membranes had a stable structure, and their weight losses varied between 68% and 85%. The sPES‐9ZrP exhibited very high values at 0.6 V, resulting in a power density of 680 mW cm−2 and a current density of 1100 mA cm−2. The results obtained are quite promising, and sPES and ZrP in composite membrane structures have high synergy.
Modeling and prediction of flame retardant performance of alkyl phosphinate using artificial neural network and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system
Authors: Wang Liangmin , Lang Jinyan , Xia Zi'ang , Xu Baoming , Wang Xinhui , Zhang Heng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe flame retardancy of polymer materials is closely linked to the types and compositions of flame retardants used. However, due to the complex relationships involved, it is difficult to quantify and predict flame retardancy using linear equations and models. Alkyl phosphinate flame retardants have emerged as promising candidates for their environmentally friendly, low toxicity, and excellent flame retardant properties. In this study, we aimed to develop a novel, low‐cost alkyl phosphinate flame retardant by predicting the quantitative impact of flame retardant composition on flame retardancy. To establish prediction models for the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of alkyl phosphinate flame retardants, we utilized artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) programs, namely ANN, ANFIS‐grid partition (GP), and ANFIS‐subtractive clustering (SC). The prediction models were trained and validated, and their reliability was assessed based on the root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) criteria. Our results indicate that the ANFIS‐SC prediction model exhibits the highest reliability, with high accuracy and ideal prediction results.
Growing teratoma syndrome in children and adolescents: Prevalence and surgical outcome
Authors: Beati Federico , Persano Giorgio , De Pasquale Maria Debora , Martucci Cristina , Madafferi Silvia , Miele Evelina , Stracuzzi Alessandra , Di Paolo Pier Luigi , Natali Gian Luigi , Alaggio Rita , Crocoli Alessandro , Inserra Alessandro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatients affected by metastatic germ cell tumors may occasionally experience enlargement of masses with concurrent normalization of tumor markers during or after chemotherapy. This phenomenon is described as growing teratoma syndrome (GTS). The aim of the pre sent study is to assess the prevalence of GTS in the pediatric population and its implications in terms of surgical outcome.Patients and methodsThe clinical notes of patients diagnosed with stage III and IV malignant germ cell tumors from January 2010 until December 2020 at our Institution were retrospectively reviewed. The prevalence of GTS, treatment strategies, survival, and outcome were analyzed.ResultsThirty‐three patients with high‐stage malignant germ cell tumors were diagnosed in our institution in the analyzed period. Nine patients (28%) had radiologic evidence of enlargement of persistent masses with normal markers after chemotherapy; these patients were classified as GTS patients. All nine patients underwent resection of metastatic lymph nodes, and six had surgery on visceral metastases. In six patients, radical excision of all metastatic sites was achieved; five patients are alive and in complete remission, while one died because of peri‐operative complications. Out of the three patients who could not achieve radical excision of the metastases, two died of progressive disease, and one is alive with progressive disease.ConclusionsPatients affected by GTS have a risk of progression of chemotherapy‐resistant disease and death. Radical surgical excision is essential to achieve disease control and long‐term survival.
Comparison of high flow nasal cannula therapy to nasal oxygen as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea in infants
Authors: Gurbani Neepa , Ehsan Zarmina , Boh Melodie , Schuler Christine L. , Simakajornboon Narong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in infants is treated with low flow oxygen via nasal cannula (NC), CPAP (continous positive airway pressure), or surgery. Literature supports the use of high flow NC (HFNC) in children in the outpatient setting, however there is limited data on the use of HFNC in infants.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare HFNC and low‐flow oxygen as treatments for OSA in infants.MethodsA prospective pilot study was performed at two institutions. Infants with primarily OSA underwent a 3–4 h sleep study with HFNC titration at 6−14 lpm for OSA, followed by clinical polysomnography (PSG) for oxygen titration (1/8−1 lpm). Infants with primarily central apnea were excluded.ResultsNine infants were enrolled, with a mean age of 1.3 ± 1.7 months. Average apnea hypopnea index (AHI), average obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI) and average central apnea index during the diagnostic PSG was 17.2 ± 7/h, 13.4 ± 5.4/h and 3.7 ± 4.8/h respectively. OSA improved in 44.4% of subjects with HFNC; the mean AHI and OAHI decreased from 15.6 ± 5.65/h and 12.8 ± 4.4/h on diagnostic PSG to 5.12 ± 2.5/h and 4.25 ± 2.5/h on titration PSG. OSA improved universally with low flow oxygen; the mean AHI decreased from 17.2 ± 7/h on diagnostic PSG to 4.44 ± 3.6/h on titration PSG.ConclusionHFNC reduced OSA in some infants, though low flow oxygen reduced OSA in all subjects. Respiratory instability (high loop gain) in infants may explain why infants responded to low flow oxygen. More studies are needed to determine if HFNC is beneficial in selected groups of infants with OSA.
Ventilator‐associated respiratory infections in children on home invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Tomatis‐Souverbielle Cristina , Lyman Elizabeth , Thomas Terace , May Anne , Erdem Guliz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVentilator‐associated respiratory tract infections (VARTI) are among the most common indications for hospitalization among children with chronic respiratory failure requiring at‐home ventilation. This review aims to provide an overview of the key clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for home VARTIs while highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and management.
The perspective of the logarithmic field sprayer technology
Authors: Streibig Jens C , Gejl Martin , Ritz Christian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA logarithmic sprayer was suggested about 70 years ago, but it has not yet been seriously used in research and development, and subsequent registration of plant protection products. Logarithmic sprayers have resorted to mere demonstration experiments to show end users and others how plant protection products work. Fitting dose–response curves in field experiments, however, generates much essential information, e.g., extraction of various effective field rate levels (e.g., ED20, ED50, and ED80). One of the reasons for it rarely being used in the registration of plant protection products is that the dose–response curve regression was hitherto difficult to fit; the registration requirement solely focuses on analyses of variance. Another alleged obstacle is that the logarithmic plots have systematically, not randomly distributed field rates. This paper goes through some of the problems of how to non‐randomly analyze field rates by taking autocorrelation into account to make the logarithmic sprayer palatable as registration documentation by assessing efficacy, selectivity, environmental side effects, general toxicity of plant protection products, and cost‐effectiveness. The development in precision agriculture, drone technology, and automation of data capture and subsequent analysis could make the logarithmic sprayer a cost‐effective alternative to numerous ANOVA experiments with very few fixed field rates to aid the precision spraying of pesticides and thus reduce unnecessary environmental side effects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The health benefits of dietary polyphenols on pediatric intestinal diseases: Mechanism of action, clinical evidence and future research progress
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Rou , Liu Ren‐Jie , Tang Jun , Li Meng‐Qi , Zhang Ding‐Kun , Pei Zhao‐Qing , Fan San‐Hu , Xu Run‐Chun , Huang Hao‐Zhou , Lin Jun‐Zhi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPediatric intestinal development is immature, vulnerable to external influences and produce a variety of intestinal diseases. At present, breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of pediatric intestinal diseases, but there are still many challenges, such as toxic side effects, drug resistance, and the lack of more effective treatments and specific drugs. In recent years, dietary polyphenols derived from plants have become a research hotspot in the treatment of pediatric intestinal diseases due to their outstanding pharmacological activities such, as anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and regulation of intestinal flora. This article reviewed the mechanism of action and clinical evidence of dietary polyphenols in the treatment of pediatric intestinal diseases, and discussed the influence of physiological characteristics of children on the efficacy of polyphenols, and finally prospected the new dosage forms of polyphenols in pediatrics.
Black pigment on EBUS‐TBNA sampling: A case of malignant melanoma
Authors: Roostaei Ghazal , Asgari Alireza , Kazemizadeh Hossein , Abtahi Hamidreza , Fakhri B Maryam S. , Khoshnam Rad Niloofar 
Published: June 2024

Key messageThe visualization of black pigment during EBUS‐TBNA suggests a relapse of melanoma. This case highlights the value of EBUS‐TBNA in diagnosing metastatic melanoma, particularly when the macroscopic appearance of the aspirate suggests the diagnosis.
Tadpole‐Like Carbon Nanotube with Fe Nanoparticle Encapsulated at the Head and Zn Single‐Atom Anchored on the Body: One‐Pot Carbonization for Tetramodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Lu Mingzhu , Gong Yimin , Yang Yannan , Song Junfei , Li Jianing , Chen Zhenxia , Ling Yun , Zhou Yaming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrecise integration of diverse therapeutic approaches into nanomaterials is the key to the development of multimodal synergistic cancer therapy. In this work, tadpole‐like carbon nanotubes with Fe nanoparticle encapsulated at the head and Zn single‐atom anchored on the body (Fe@CNT‐Zn) is precisely designed and facilely prepared via one‐pot carbonization. In vitro studies revealed the integration of chemotherapy (CT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in Fe@CNT‐Zn as well as the near‐infrared light (NIR)‐responsive cascade therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated the NIR‐triggered cascade‐amplifying synergistic cancer therapy in a B16 tumor‐bearing mouse model. The results not only showcased the Fe@CNT‐Zn as a potential tetramodal therapeutic platform, but also demonstrated a proof‐of‐concept on metal–organic framework‐based “one stone for multiple birds” strategy for in situ functionalization of carbon materials.
Dynamic Interchain Motion in 1D Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Coordination Polymers for Highly Sensitive Molecular Recognition
Authors: Yang Zhi‐Mei , Han Xiao , Zhang Meng‐Hang , Liu Cheng , Liu Qing‐Long , Tang Lingyu , Gao Fei , Su Jian , Ding Mengning , Zuo Jing‐Lin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe application of electrically conductive 1D coordination polymers (1D CPs) in nanoelectronic molecular recognition is theoretically promising yet rarely explored due to the challenges in their synthesis and optimization of electrical properties. In this regard, two tetrathiafulvalene‐based 1D CPs, namely [Co(m‐H2TTFTB)(DMF)2(H2O)]n (Co‐m‐TTFTB), and {[Ni(m‐H2TTFTB)(CH3CH2OH)1.5(H2O)1.5]·(H2O)0.5}n (Ni‐m‐TTFTB) are successfully constructed. The shorter S···S contacts between the [M(solvent)3(m‐H2TTFTB)]n chains contribute to a significant improvement in their electrical conductivities. The powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) under different organic solvents reveals the flexible and dynamic structural characteristic of M‐m‐TTFTB, which, combined with the 1D morphology, lead to their excellent performance for sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds. Co‐m‐TTFTB achieves a limit of detection for ethanol vapor down to 0.5 ppm, which is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art chemiresistive sensors based on metal‐organic frameworks or organic polymers at room temperature. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, PXRD measurements and density functional theory calculations reveal the molecular insertion sensing mechanism and the corresponding structure–function relationship. This work expands the applicable scenario of 1D CPs and opens a new realm of 1D CP‐based nanoelectronic sensors for highly sensitive room temperature gas detection.
A secure authentication protocol for remote patient monitoring in an internet‐of‐medical‐things environment
Authors: Mookherji Srijanee , Vanga Odelu , Prasath Rajendra , Das Ashok Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractInternet of Medical Things (IoMT) enable users to avail healthcare services remotely. In IoMT, sensor nodes (SNs), like blood pressure sensors and temperature sensors, collect health data from patients and communicate it to Health Workers (HWs) such as doctors, nurses, and so on. The HWs cater to the patients remotely, known as remote patient monitoring (RPM), by using data obtained from SNs. The communicated health data between SNs and HWs are sensitive in nature. Leakage and modification of such data leads to huge consequences, particularly patient death during medical emergencies. Hence, ensuring mutual authentication along with data integrity and privacy is of utmost important in the healthcare domain. In the literature, many authentication protocols are presented for healthcare applications specific to IoMT‐RPM. But, most of the existing approaches fail to provide adequate security against well‐known attacks includes impersonation and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. In this paper, we propose a privacy preserving authentication protocol for IoMT‐RPM which is secure against various known attacks. We present a rigorous formal security analysis of our protocol under the extended Canetti‐Krawczyk (eCK) adversary model. In addition, we also perform formal verification using Tamarin Prover, a symbolic formal analysis tool. The results show that the proposed protocol is secure under eCK‐adversary model. We then present the comparative performance analysis to show the efficiency of the proposed protocol over the existing protocols. As a result, the proposed protocol provides high security without compromising the performance over the existing protocols, and therefore, our protocol is very much suitable for real‐time applications.
Insight into the diffusion behaviors of SBS‐compatibilizer‐coupled modified asphalt: Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental validation
Authors: Dong Fuqiang , Lu Jinli , Yu Xin , Yang Peixing , Jin Yong , Wan Lei , Ding Yongling , Chen Haonan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCompatibilizers play a crucial role in enhancing the compatibility between styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) polymer and asphalt, and the coupling of compatibilizers with SBS affects the motion behavior of asphalt molecules, which influences the performance of SBS modified asphalt. In this investigation, molecular dynamics simulation is employed to evaluate the impact of SBS coupling with compatibilizers on alterations in the self‐motion behavior of asphalt molecules, changes in relative free volume, and modifications in system energy. The findings reveal that with the introduction of a compatibilizer, the combined effect of the compatibilizer and SBS coupling amplifies the mobility of the constituents within the modified asphalt. This amplification manifests as increased relative free volume within the system, heightened activation of modified asphalt molecules, and a simultaneous reduction in the interaction energy among these molecules. Following that, the high‐temperature rheological properties of SBS modified asphalt were verified with the simulation results, coupled with temperature scanning experiments. This study describes the intrinsic mechanism of interaction of compatibilizers in SBS modified asphalt at the molecular scale.Highlights
Molecular dynamics simulations and experimental validation were implemented for styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)‐modified asphalt.
Compatibilizers can activate the activity of SBS modified asphalt.
Compatibilizers allow a better release of the properties of the bitumen and SBS.
Compatibilizers can replace bitumen and act with SBS to improve its modification efficiency.
The optimum dosage of compatibilizer is 3%.