bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Its Implications for Increased Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Wang Bingbing , Shen Wei-Bin , Seif Karl E. , Townsel Courtney , Baracco Lauren , Logue James , Reece E. Albert , Frieman Matthew B. , Turan Sifa , Yang Peixin 
Published: May 2024

Objective Pregnant women are at increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This could be explained through the prism of physiologic and immunologic changes in pregnancy. In addition, certain immunological reactions originate in the placenta in response to viral infections.This study aimed to investigate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect the human placenta and discuss its implications in the pathogenesis of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study in which we collected placental specimens from pregnant women who had a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We performed RNA in situ hybridization assay on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues to establish the in vivo evidence for placental infectivity by this corona virus. In addition, we infected trophoblast isolated from uninfected term human placenta with SARS-CoV-2 variants to further provide in vitro evidence for such an infectivity.
Results There was a total of 21 cases enrolled, which included 5 cases of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and 2 intrauterine fetal demises (IUFDs). Positive staining of positive-sense strand of SARS-CoV-2 virions was detected in 15 placentas including 4 SPTB and both IUFDs. In vitro infection assay demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 virions were highly capable of infecting both cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast.
Conclusion This study implies that placental SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes.
Key Points
Diiodine–Triethylsilane System: Formation of N-Alkylsulfonamides from Benzylic Alcohols and Sulfonamides
Authors: Jiang Jin , Wang Zhuo , Xiao Lili 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn operationally simple method has been developed for the synthesis of N-alkylsulfonamides from benzylic alcohols and sulfonamides in the presence of molecular iodine and triethylsilane. Various benzylic alcohols and sulfonamides were evaluated, and iodides generated in situ were shown to be the key intermediates.
Effect of Vinyl Acetate, Glass Fibers Contents, and Buffer Space on EVA's Mechanical Property and Shock Absorption Ability
Authors: Togo Shinji , Sakaue Takahiro , Tsutsui Arata , Matsuda Yoshiaki , Nakajima Kazunori , Takeda Tomotaka , Fukuda Kenichi , Vallittu Pekka , Lassila Lippo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the mechanical properties and impact absorption capacity of prototype materials comprising ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) of different hardness reinforced using different amounts of glass fibers (GFs), considering a buffer space.
Materials and Methods Six prototype materials were made by adding E-GFs (5 and 10 wt%) to EVA with vinyl acetate (VA) contents of 9.4 wt% (“hard” or HA) and 27.5 wt% (“soft” or SO). Durometer hardness and tensile strength tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the materials. Moreover, an impact test was conducted using a customized pendulum impact tester to assess the impact absorption capacity (with or without a buffer space) of the specimens.
Results The mechanical properties of the prototypes, namely, durometer hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength, were significantly higher in the HA group than in the SO group, regardless of the presence or added amount of GFs. The addition of GFs, particularly in a large amount (10 wt%), significantly increased these values. In terms of the impact absorption capacity, the original hardness of the EVA material, that is, its VA content, had a more substantial effect than the presence or absence of GFs and the added amount of GFs. Interestingly, the HA specimens with the buffer space exhibited significantly higher impact absorption capacities than the SO specimens. Meanwhile, the SO specimens without the buffer space exhibited significantly higher impact absorption capacities than the HA specimens. Moreover, regardless of the sample material and impact distance, the buffer space significantly improved impact absorption. In particular, with the buffer space, the impact absorption capacity increased with the added amount of GFs.
Conclusion The basic mechanical properties, including durometer hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength, of the EVA prototype were significantly increased by reducing the amount of VA regardless of the presence or added amount of GFs. Adding GFs, particularly in large amounts, significantly increased the values of aforementioned mechanical properties. Impact absorption was significantly affected by the hardness of the original EVA material and enhanced by the addition of the buffer space. The HA specimen had a high shock absorption capacity with the buffer space, and the SO specimen had a high shock absorption capacity without the buffer space. With the buffer space, impact absorption improved with the amount of added GFs.
Two Cases of Sleep-related Dissociative Disorder with Episodes of Nocturnal Eating
Authors: Schenck Carlos H. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSleep-related dissociative disorder (SRDD) is a female-predominant psychiatric parasomnia that was first identified as a condition that mimics sleepwalking in 1989, and was included in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd edition, in 2005, with a subsequent expanding literature of case series and case reports. The objective hallmark of SRDD, found in about half of the reported cases, is sustained electroencephalogram (EEG) wakefulness during dissociative episodes emerging during wake-sleep transitions or after awakenings from light non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Herein are reported two additional cases of SRDD in two female patients aged 53 and 40 years with prominent histories of multimodal abuse (typical of SRDD), with childhood emotional and food deprivation abuse in Case 1, and childhood emotional, sexual, and physical abuse in Case 2. Both patients were affected by “sleep phobia” and had recurrent nocturnal eating episodes. Major findings from the cumulative literature on SRDD are reinforced by these cases, with additional findings being described, particularly nocturnal eating behaviors and priming/triggering factors.
The Surgical Management of the Mesentery in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Coffey J.C. , Devine M.L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that Crohn's disease is a primary mesenteropathy and that resection of the mesentery, or its exclusion from an anastomosis, may alter disease progression. If borne out in clinical trials, this observation would be welcome, as current pharmacotherapeutic approaches to Crohn's disease appear to have limited effect on disease progression. This article explores arguments for and against the alteration of mesenteric inputs by surgical means, in Crohn's disease.
Nonsevere Hemophilia: The Need for a Renewed Focus and Improved Outcomes
Authors: Dolan Gerard , Fijnvandraat Karin , Lenting Peter J. , Catarino Cristina , Lavin Michelle ,   on behalf of the Factor Think Tank
Published: May 2024

AbstractPeople with nonsevere hemophilia (PWNSH) are phenotypically more diverse than those with severe hemophilia. Perceptions relating to a “nonsevere” phenotype have contributed to fewer research initiatives, fewer guidelines on optimal management, and a lack of standards for surveillance and clinical assessment for affected individuals. In many cases, episodes of abnormal bleeding could, if investigated, have led to earlier diagnosis. Furthermore, the major recent developments in therapy for hemophilia have largely focused on severe disease and, as a group, PWNSH have not been included in many key clinical trials. Benefiting people with severe disease, innovative replacement therapies have generally targeted factor levels that are above those present in a large proportion of PWNSH. Therapeutic advances can lead to improvement in phenotype for people with severe hemophilia over that currently experienced by many PWNSH. As a result, we are approaching a point where PWNSH may, in many countries, have a higher risk of bleeding and restriction in lifestyle than those with severe disease but with more limited therapeutic options. Given the multiple major advances in treatment for people with hemophilia, it is timely to review the aspects of nonsevere disease, to ensure equity in care and management for all individuals with this condition.
Optimizing Venous Stenting: Consensus Recommendations for Enhanced Management of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Trujillo-Santos Javier , Demelo-Rodríguez Pablo , Bravo de Laguna-Taboada Alexis , Zubicoa-Ezpeleta Santiago , Rodríguez-Morata Alejandro , Lojo-Rocamonde Ignacio , Riera-Mestre Antoni ,   on behalf of the Working Group on for the Consensus on Venous Stenting
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) poses a complex challenge and often leads to postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), a debilitating complication. The emergence of venous stents offers a potential preventive avenue against this complication. This study aimed to provide consensus recommendations on the use of venous stent for DVT.
Materials and Methods From June to July 2023, 20 internal medicine, angiology and vascular surgery, and vascular and interventional radiology experts were involved in the Delphi process. Thirty-one recommendations, categorized into three thematic areas, were rigorously evaluated: indications for stent use, stent selection and placement, and monitoring and prevention of complications. Agreement was evaluated using a Likert scale, with consensus defined as agreement by two-thirds of the participants.
Results Consensus was reached for 23 (74.2%) of 31 recommendations. The agreement was centered on considerations, such as stent placement in specific acute DVT scenarios, emphasizing pivotal stent characteristics. However, there were divergences in the recommended stent length to prevent migration and stent characteristics based on iliocaval bifurcation morphology. Notably, there was no consensus on whether patients with DVT caused by a major transient risk factor need more than 3 months of anticoagulation therapy or whether aspirin should be added to anticoagulant treatment after venous stenting.
Conclusions These consensus recommendations offer practical insights into optimizing venous stent use to prevent PTS in DVT patients. Addressing the critical aspects of stent selection, placement, and postprocedural care, these recommendations contribute to clinical decision-making. The identified divergences underscore the importance of consensus and thus indicate the need for further investigation.
Malformations of the Cerebral Commissures
Authors: Lena Germana , La Cognata Daria , Zanghì Antonio , Vecchio Michele , Chiaramonte Rita , Falsaperla Raffaele , Marino Francesco , Palmucci Stefano , Belfiore Giuseppe , Basile Antonio , Praticò Andrea D. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMalformations of the cerebral commissures are abnormalities involving the structures which connect the brain hemispheres. The main cerebral commissures are the anterior commissure, the hippocampal commissure, and the corpus callosum, which is the largest and best known of the three and connects the neocortex of the two cerebral hemispheres. Commissures of more reduced extension are the posterior commissure and the habenular commissure. They derive embryologically from the same structure, the commensurate plate. Any interference in the embryological development of the brain commissures may cause an anomaly of all the three commissures or of a single commissure, as well as any combination of anomalies of each of them.Each of these three commissural traits may be absent, isolated, or in combination. The abnormality of the commissures, in addition, can be complete or partial, with dysplasia of the meninges, with multicystic dysplasia of the interhemispheric meninges, in the context of Aicardi syndrome or with the presence of interhemispheric lipomas.The complete agenesis of the commissures (“classic” form) is the most common form and encompasses more than a third of the cases. In complete agenesis, by definition, both the corpus callosum and the hippocampal commissure are totally absent.Anomalies of the commissural structures associated with dysplasia of the meninges include the agenesis of the corpus callosum with interhemispheric cysts (a complex spectrum of clinical and neuroradiological conditions characterized by the associated presence of an interhemispheric cyst formed by communicating cavities) and the agenesis of commissures with interhemispheric lipomas that are usually located in the subarachnoid space.Genes responsible for axonal migration to the commissural plate and those responsible for crossing and connections with the neurons of the contralateral hemisphere are multiple, so that malformations of the cerebral commissure/corpus callosum can be found in numerous malformative syndromes with other multiple associated abnormalities.
Identification of a Novel Intronic Mutation in VMA21 Associated with a Classical Form of X-Linked Myopathy with Autophagy
Authors: Bardhan Mainak , Polavarapu Kiran , Baskar Dipti , Preethish-Kumar Veeramani , Vengalil Seena , Nashi Saraswati , Ganaraja Valakunja H. , Sharma Dinesh , Kulanthaivelu Karthik , Nandeesh B.N. , Nalini Atchayaram 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction VMA21-related myopathy is one of the rare forms of slowly progressive myopathy observed in males. Till now, there have been only a handful of reports, mainly from Europe and America, and two reports from India.
Method Here, we describe a case of genetically confirmed VMA21-associated myopathy with clinical, histopathological, and imaging features with a list of known VMA21 mutations.
Results A 29-year-old man had the onset of symptoms at 18 years of age with features of proximal lower limb weakness. Muscle magnetic resonance imaging showed the preferential involvement of vasti and adductor magnus. A biopsy of the left quadriceps femoris showed features of autophagic vacuolar myopathy with vacuoles containing granular eosinophilic materials. In targeted next-generation sequencing, hemizygous mutation in the 3′ splice site of intron 2 of the VMA21 gene (c.164–7 T > A) was identified and confirmed the diagnosis of X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy.
Conclusion This report expands the phenotypic and genotypic profile of VMA21-related myopathy, with a yet unreported mutation in India.
A Prospective Study of the Efficacy of Endofascial Axillary Dissection to Reduce Axillary Seroma Formation
Authors: Augustine Paul , M. Srinidhi , Bhargavan Rexeena , Shamshudeen Shafeek , Cherian Kurien , George Preethi Sara 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction Seroma formation is a common complication following axillary dissection. The pathogenesis of seroma is poorly understood. Various chemical and mechanical methods have been tried to reduce seroma with varying results. In this study, we look at a novel method of axillary dissection to reduce seroma and its attendant morbidity. The objective of the study is to compare endofascial axillary lymphadenectomy with routine axillary lymphadenectomy regarding axillary drain output following breast conservation surgery.
Methods We did a prospective interventional study of endofascial axillary dissection in patients undergoing breast conservation surgery. Comparison was done with historical controls who underwent breast conservation surgery with routine axillary lymphadenectomy before the study period. All patients were operated by the same surgeon.
Results Breast conservation surgery with endofascial axillary dissection was performed in 36 patients and compared with 36 patients who underwent routine axillary dissection before the study period. The mean total axillary drain output in the endofascial and routine groups were 796.8 and 1,259.3 mL, respectively (p = 0.001). The average day of drain removal in the endofascial and routine groups were 10.8 and 14.9 days, respectively (p = 0.001). The nodal yield of the endofascial and routine groups were 15.3 and 16.4 nodes, respectively (p = 0.449). The duration of surgery of the endofascial and routine groups were 89.3 and 85.1 minutes, respectively (p = 0.366).
Conclusion Endofascial axillary dissection significantly reduced the mean total axillary drain output and resulted in early drain removal compared with routine axillary dissection. There were no significant differences in the nodal yield, operative time, seroma aspirations, and wound complications between the endofascial and routine axillary dissection groups.
The effects of organizational images on security compliance intention: focused on affection and job security in South Korea
Authors: Oh Juyeon , Myeong Seunghwan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the factors influencing Korean corporate workers to increase their intention to comply with security voluntarily. Specifically, this study investigates whether organizational attractiveness affects employees' intention to comply with security. In addition, this study will examine whether affection and job security, which represent the Korean corporate image, affect organizational attractiveness. 477 data collecting online survey was used to test the research model. Participants for our survey were derived from workers and public officials in South Korea. The results were as follows. First, the symbolic image of being affectionate influences the instrumental image of job security. Second, an instrumental image has a significantly positive effect on corporate attractiveness. Third, it was found that job security increased the attractiveness of the organization perceived by the employees and, in turn, increased the intention of the employees to comply with the organization's security. Our findings can be used to develop strategies to enhance security compliance intention within firms.
Fake News: a conceptual model for risk management
Authors: Varela da Costa João , Bogea Gomes Silvia , Mira da Silva Miguel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a model based on a systematic literature review (SLR) that investigates the intersection of Fake News, Risk, and Risk Management. Employing Design Science Research as the primary methodology, it introduces a conceptual model to mitigate Fake News-related risks in specific communities. The model uses ArchiMate to depict a community as an organisational entity, exemplifying its practicality through a Fake News instance from the Central European Digital Media Observatory. The research undergoes rigorous evaluation using the Bunge-Wand-Weber Model, ensuring its consistency and value to the scientific community. This evaluation formalises the proposed conceptual model, offering a structured framework systematically mapping Fake News concepts to mitigate associated risks and disinformation. This study contributes to the Fake News management discourse, providing a practical risk management tool to counter the phenomenon.
Firm value adjustment speed through financial friction in the presence of earnings management and productivity growth: evidence from emerging economies
Authors: Khan Saifullah , Shoaib Adnan 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the role of financial frictions on firm value within the framework of earnings management, including the impact of productivity growth. In contrast to prior studies, the present study employed an autoregressive model to examine the temporal dynamics of the variables to determine their short-term and long-term connection patterns. The results of the study indicate a negative association between financial frictions and firm value. Accrual earnings management, a practice employed by organizations to enhance their profit margins, serves as a mediator between financial frictions and firm value. This mediation of earnings management alleviates the adverse impact of financial frictions. The enhancement of productivity growth amplifies the conditional, indirect influence of earnings management. Moreover, this study reveals that financial frictions have a significant influence in the short-term, leading to overestimation of factor loadings. However, this impact stabilizes over time in the long run. Financial market frictions have the most prominent impact on firm value compared to the other two forms of frictions, namely, macroeconomic frictions and microeconomic frictions. Larger firms are more inclined to attain higher firm value than smaller enterprises. Managers can enhance firm value by exerting control over the influence of financial frictions in the economy through earnings management. The effectiveness of this strategy is contingent upon the level of productivity growth.
Development and calibration of a multi-delay coherence imaging diagnostic on the MAST-U tokamak
Authors: Doyle R. S. , Lonigro N. , Allcock J. S. , Silburn S. A. , Turner M. M. , Feng X. , Leggate H. 
Published: May 2024

The MAST-U Super-X divertor provides the opportunity to study fusion plasma exhaust under novel conditions. However, in order to study these conditions, advanced diagnostics are required. Following the development of the MAST-U Multi-Wavelength Imaging (MWI) diagnostic, we present the installation of a multi-delay coherence imaging spectroscopy (CIS) system within the MAST-U MWI, along with modifications made to the MWI for effective operation. This diagnostic will measure either carbon ion flow velocities and temperatures or electron densities through Dγ emission. We have extended previously developed techniques for wavelength calibration to account for errors due to the misalignment of interferometer components. In addition, we have developed a comprehensive calibration procedure to account for the temperature dependence of the instrument’s delays by fitting to a linearly modified version of the delay equation presented by Veiras et al. [Appl. Opt. 49(15), 2769 (2010)]. Together, these procedures reduce the cost and hardware complexity of implementing CIS instruments when compared to those that use in situ or tunable laser calibration systems, as calibrations can be generated to good accuracy using previously measured data.
How membership of a farmer organization can support farmers in adapting to climate change in the Pacific Island region
Authors: Taylor Mary , Stice Kyle 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Climate projections for the Pacific Island region serve to emphasize the climate unpredictability, variability and intensity that farmers will have to adapt to in the future. The impact that climate change is having on agriculture in the Pacific is evident from the data around agriculture loss and damage from extreme weather events such as flooding and cyclones. It is clear that food systems will have to be resilient and farmers will have to adapt, if food security in the region is not to be seriously threatened. The factors considered as essential for building adaptive capacity are: (a) social capital; (b) ability of communities to engage effectively with external agents; (c) access to knowledge including how knowledge is generated, shared and exchanged; (d) merging of local and external knowledge; (e) space for farmers to interact, communicate, experiment and learn from each other; (f) trust in the adaptation measure(s)being promoted; (g) effective capacity building; (h) decentralized research; and (i) supportive policy. This article explores these factors and proposes that membership of a farmer organization (FO) provides an enabling platform for the effective and efficient delivery of these conditions, thereby providing farmers with the tools essential for adaptation to a changing climate. Examples illustrating how farmers around the Pacific Island region are working together to put in place measures that will strengthen the resilience of their farming systems are provided from national and regional farmer organizations in the region.