bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug‐induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome: case series from tertiary care centre in Gujarat
Authors: Bang Damodar , Shah Tapan , Thakker Divyesh , Shah Yogesh , Raval Amit D. 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aims of the present article were to study clinical features and to analyse them in different drug class associated with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) in a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India.Materials and MethodsA prospective hospital‐based study was carried out over a period of 3 years (June 2007 to September 2009) at Sheth Vadilal Hospital, Ahmedabad, India. The diagnosis of SJS was made mainly on the basis of the clinical findings, which included extensive erythema multiforme, purpuric lesions with bullae and detachment of skin involving at least two mucous membranes. Further, in each patient suspected with SJS, various laboratory tests such as complete blood count, liver function tests, metabolic panel, chest X‐ray and other serological test were carried out. SJS was confirmed on the basis of most widely accepted Bastuji‐Garin definition. Causality assessment was performed using the Naranjo scale. Only ‘probable’ and ‘definite’ reactions were included.ResultsAntibacterials for systemic use, anti‐inflammatory and antirheumatic products and antiepileptics were the drug classes most commonly associated (8 of 29 cases, each) with SJS. Individually, ibuprofen was involved in the highest number of cases (five cases, 17.2%), followed by carbamazepine (four cases, 13.8%) . The mean duration of developing SJS symptoms was 15.9 days (SD = 8.7 days) and improvement after treatment was 14.2 days (SD = 4.6 days). The duration of appearing SJS symptoms varied significantly between different classes of drugs (p < 0.001). The appearance of SJS symptom started within 10 days for anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial compared with 24 days of antiepileptic agents. All the patients with antiepileptic agent–induced SJS had 7% to 9% of detached body surface area. In two patients, SJS progressed to toxic epidermal necrolysis and of which one led to death and the other developed long‐term complication of conjunctival xerosis. A total of six patients developed long‐term complications: four patients had conjunctival synechia, one patient had conjunctival xerosis and one patient had urethral stricture.ConclusionMore than 80% of the SJS events were induced by antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory and antiepileptic agents with same frequency. The duration of the appearance of SJS symptoms significantly varied between different drug classes and started within 10 days for anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial compared with 24 days of antiepileptic agents. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural basis of RNA binding by leucine zipper GCN4
Authors: Nikolaev Yaroslav , Pervushin Konstantin 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecently, we showed that leucine zipper (LZ) motifs of basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors GCN4 and c‐Jun are capable of catalyzing degradation of RNA (Nikolaev et al., PLoS ONE 2010; 5:e10765). This observation is intriguing given the tight regulation of RNA turnover control and the antiquity of bZIP transcription factors. To support further mechanistic studies, herein, we elucidated RNA binding interface of the GCN4 leucine zipper motif from yeast. Solution NMR experiments showed that the LZ‐RNA interaction interface is located in the first two heptads of LZ moiety, and that only the dimeric (coiled coil) LZ conformation is capable of binding RNA. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the LZ‐GCN4 RNA binding interface showed that substrate binding is facilitated by lysine and arginine side chains, and that at least one nucleophilic residue is located in proximity to the RNA phosphate backbone. Further studies in the context of full‐length bZIP factors are envisaged to address the biological relevance of LZ RNase activity.
The contribution of different prion protein types and host polymorphisms to clinicopathological variations in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Head Mark W. , Ironside James W. 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYCreutzfeldt–Jakob disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the central nervous system. In this respect, it can be considered alongside the more frequently occurring neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease is perhaps the paradigmatic protein misfolding disorder, so comparisons between the mechanisms involved in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein misfolding (such as the tauopathies and synucleinopathies) may also be informative. Like many of these diseases, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease occurs sporadically or can, more rarely, be associated with mutations. However, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease can also be acquired and is experimentally transmissible. These properties have had profound public health implications and made the disease of interest to virologists, in addition to those interested in protein misfolding disorders and neurodegeneration. The possible causes for the pronounced phenotypic variation among different forms of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease are beginning to become understood, and these appear to depend in large measure on the genetics of the host (specifically the sequence of the prion protein gene, PRNP) and the epigenetic aspects of the agent (thought to be a misfolded and aggregated form of the PRNP gene product, termed a prion). This review will examine whether this model in its present form has sufficient complexity and subtlety to account for the clinicopathological variation evident in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and will outline the ways in which a more complete and informative molecular definition of human prions are currently being sought. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the evolution of Linux kernels: a complex network perspective
Authors: Wang Lei , Yu Pengzhi , Wang Zheng , Yang Chen , Ye Qiang 
Published: February 2012

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel method to study the evolution of Linux kernel components using complex networks to understand how Linux kernel components evolve over time. After analyzing the node degree distribution, clustering coefficient, and average path length of the call graphs corresponding to the kernel components of 130 development versions and 94 stable versions (V1.0 to V2.4.35), we found that the call graphs of the file system, driver, kernel, memory management, and net components are scale‐free, small‐world complex networks. In addition, all of the five components exhibit very strong preferential attachment tendency. With such in‐depth understanding of the features of the Linux kernel components, we propose a generic method that could be used to find major structural changes that occur during the evolution of software systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is short first‐trimester crown–rump length associated with spontaneous preterm birth?
Authors: Kazemier B. M. , Kleinrouweler C. E. , Oudijk M. A. , van der Post J. A. M. , Mol B. W. J. , Vis J. Y. , Pajkrt E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between first‐trimester crown–rump length (CRL) and the risk of spontaneous preterm birth before 32 weeks' gestation.MethodsWe performed a matched case–control study of 129 women with spontaneous preterm birth at < 32 weeks' gestation (cases) and 129 women with term deliveries (controls) using data stored in the ultrasound and obstetric databases of our tertiary referral center. Cases and controls were individually matched based on maternal age, parity, history of preterm birth and medical indication for antenatal care. Fetal CRL measured between 8 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks was expressed as multiples of the median (MoM) expected CRL, based on last menstrual period. We investigated the association between CRL‐MoM and spontaneous preterm birth using logistic regression analysis.ResultsCRL‐MoM was not associated with spontaneous preterm birth: odds ratio (OR) 1.10 (95% CI, 0.89–1.36) per 0.10 MoM increase in CRL. Timing of measurement did not influence the model (P = 0.59). This was confirmed when restricting the analysis to the 93 pairs with CRL measurements made between 10 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks: OR for preterm birth 1.07 (95% CI, 0.83–1.37) per 0.10 MoM increase in CRL.ConclusionA short CRL in the first trimester is not associated with spontaneous preterm birth before 32 weeks' gestation, thus short CRL cannot be used to identify women at increased risk of preterm birth. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functionalism as a philosophical theory of the cognitive sciences
Authors: Polger Thomas W. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFunctionalism is a philosophical theory (or family of theories) concerning the nature of mental states. According to functionalism psychological/cognitive states are essentially functional states of whole systems. Functionalism characterizes psychological states essentially according to what they do, by their relations to stimulus inputs and behavioral outputs as well as their relations to other psychological and nonpsychological internal states of a system. The central constructive relation for functionalism is the so‐called realization relation. Realization is a proposal for how psychological states can be real, physical, and causally efficacious while at the same time preserving the autonomy of cognitive explanations and avoiding reduction or elimination.WIREs Cogn Sci2012, 3:337–348. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1170This article is categorized under:Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Automaticity and multiple memory systems
Authors: Ashby F. Gregory , Crossley Matthew J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA large number of criteria have been proposed for determining when a behavior has become automatic. Almost all of these were developed before the widespread acceptance of multiple memory systems. Consequently, popular frameworks for studying automaticity often neglect qualitative differences in how different memory systems guide initial learning. Unfortunately, evidence suggests that automaticity criteria derived from these frameworks consistently misclassify certain sets of initial behaviors as automatic. Specifically, criteria derived from cognitive science mislabel much behavior still under the control of procedural memory as automatic, and criteria derived from animal learning mislabel some behaviors under the control of declarative memory as automatic. Even so, neither set of criteria make the opposite error—that is, both sets correctly identify any automatic behavior as automatic. In fact, evidence suggests that although there are multiple memory systems and therefore multiple routes to automaticity, there might nevertheless be only one common representation for automatic behaviors. A number of possible cognitive and cognitive neuroscience models of this single automaticity system are reviewed. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:363–376. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1172This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Memory
The molecular and cellular basis of gonadal sex reversal in mice and humans
Authors: Warr Nick , Greenfield Andy 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe mammalian gonad is adapted for the production of germ cells and is an endocrine gland that controls sexual maturation and fertility. Gonadal sex reversal, namely, the development of ovaries in an XY individual or testes in an XX, has fascinated biologists for decades. The phenomenon suggests the existence of genetic suppressors of the male and female developmental pathways and molecular genetic studies, particularly in the mouse, have revealed controlled antagonism at the core of mammalian sex determination. Both testis and ovary determination represent design solutions to a number of problems: how to generate cells with the right properties to populate the organ primordium; how to produce distinct organs from an initially bipotential primordium; how to pattern an organ when the expression of key cell fate determinants is initiated only in a discrete region of the primordium and extends to other regions asynchronously; how to coordinate the interaction between distinct cell types in time and space and stabilize the resulting morphology; and how to maintain the differentiated state of the organ throughout the adult period. Some of these, and related problems, are common to organogenesis in general; some are distinctive to gonad development. In this review, we discuss recent studies of the molecular and cellular events underlying testis and ovary development, with an emphasis on the phenomenon of gonadal sex reversal and its causes in mice and humans. Finally, we discuss sex‐determining loci and disorders of sex development in humans and the future of research in this important area. WIREs Dev Biol 2012, 1:559–577. doi: 10.1002/wdev.42This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Sex Determination
Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies
Forecasting ramps of wind power production with numerical weather prediction ensembles
Authors: Bossavy Arthur , Girard Robin , Kariniotakis George 
Published: February 2012

ABSTRACTToday, there is a growing interest in developing short‐term wind power forecasting tools able to provide reliable information about particular, so‐called ‘extreme’ situations. One of them is the large and sharp variation of the production a wind farm can experience within a few hours called ramp event. Developing forecast information specially dedicated to ramps is of primary interest because of both the difficulties that usual models have to predict and the potential risk they represent in the management of a power system. First, we propose a methodology to characterize ramps of wind power production with a derivative filtering approach derived from the edge detection literature. Then we investigate the skill of numerical weather prediction ensembles to make probabilistic forecasts of ramp occurrence. Through conditioning probability forecasts of ramp occurrence to the number of ensemble members forecasting a ramp in time intervals, we show how ensembles can be used to provide reliable forecasts of ramps with sharpness. Our study relies on 18 months of wind power measures from an 8 MW wind farm located in France and forecasts ensemble of 51 members from the Ensemble Prediction System of the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scandium as an Element Intermediate between Rare Earth and Transition Metals in Intermetallics: Crystal Structures of Sc2Fe12P7, Sc3.6Fe10.4P7, and Sc2Co4P3. Other New Compounds with Zr2Fe12P7, Hf2Co4P3, Sc5Co19P12, and Yb6Co30P19 Type Structures
Authors: Jeitschko Wolfgang , Meisen Ulrich , Reinbold Elke J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAbstract. Twenty five ternary phosphides crystallizing with four different but closely related structure types were prepared using elemental tin as a flux. Their lattice constants are reported. New compounds include Sc2Fe12P7, Sc3.6Fe10.4P7, Y2Co12P7, and Hf2T12P7 with T = Fe, Co, Ni. They crystallize with the hexagonal Zr2Fe12P7 type structure, which was refined from single‐crystal X‐ray data of Sc3.6Fe10.4P7: a = 944.1(1) pm, c = 363.4(1) pm, R = 0.041 for 719 unique structure factors and 23 variable parameters. The excess scandium atoms occupy one of the four iron sites of the Zr2Fe12P7 type structure which has a higher coordination number than the other three iron sites. The two isotypic phosphides Sc2Fe12P7 and Sc3.6Fe10.4P7 do not form a continuous series of solid solutions. The new compounds Sc2Co4P3 and Sc2Ni4P3 are isotypic with Hf2Co4P3. This hexagonal structure was refined for Sc2Co4P3 from single crystal data: a = 1211.5(2) pm, c = 363.7(1) pm, R = 0.025 for 500 Fo and 38 variables. Other new compounds reported are Sc5Ni19P12, Zr5Fe19P12, Hf5Fe19P12, and Hf5Co19P12 which crystallize with Sc5Co19P12 type structure, and the Yb6Co30P19 type phosphides Sc6Co30P19, Zr6Co30P19, and Hf6Co30P19. The structural relationships of these ternary phosphides are discussed with special attention to the environments of the transition metal atoms.
Donor Age Affects Liver Regeneration during Early Period in the Graft Liver and Late Period in the Remnant Liver after Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Tanemura Akihiro , Mizuno Shugo , Wada Hideo , Yamada Tomomi , Nobori Tsutomu , Isaji Shuji 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of donor age on liver regeneration and surgical outcomes in recipients and donors.Patients and methodsAmong 101 cases of adult‐to‐adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) between March 2002 and March 2011, according to donor age: younger (Y) <50 years of age or older (O) ≥50 years of age, the donors and recipients using right (R) or left (L) graft were divided into groups Y/R (n = 51) and O/R (n = 17), and groups Y/L (n = 26) and O/L (n = 7), respectively. Remnant liver volume (RemLV) and graft liver volume (GLV) were estimated by computed tomography (CT) volumetry. A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I domain 13 (ADAMTS13) activities and von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen levels were measured as factors reflecting thrombotic microangiopathy.ResultsAmong the donors, RemLV/total liver volume (TLV) was lower in group O/R than in group Y/R, although there were no significant differences by t‐test with the Bonferroni correction (rough p value = 0.02 at 6 months and rough p value > 0.05 at 1, 3, and 12 months). Donor age (≥50 years) was independently correlated with impaired remnant liver regeneration at 6 months in right lobe LDLT (p = 0.04). Among the recipients, GLV/standard liver volume (SLV) was lower during the first month, although there were no significant differences between the two groups by t‐test with the Bonferroni correction (rough p value = 0.03 at 1 week and rough p value >0.05 at 2 weeks and 1 and 3 months). Donor age (≥50 years) was independently correlated with impaired graft liver regeneration at 1 week in both right and left lobe LDLT (p < 0.05). ADAMTS13 activities were lower in group O/R than in group Y/R, although there were no significant differences by t‐test with the Bonferroni correction (rough p value = 0.049 on postoperative days (POD) 1 and 28 and rough p value >0.05 on POD 7 and 14). vWF/ADAMTW13 ratios were higher on POD 14, although there were no significant differences between the two groups by t‐test with the Bonferroni correction (rough p value = 0.044 on POD 14 and rough p value >0.05 on POD 1, 7, 14, and 28).ConclusionsThe surgical outcomes using older donor livers for LDLT were comparable to those using younger donor livers. When using older donor livers, however, we should pay attention to the liver volume for recipients as well as donors, because older donor livers might have impaired regenerative ability.
Partial deletion ofrng(RNase G)-enhanced homoethanol fermentation of xylose by the non-transgenicEscherichia coliRM10
Authors: Manow Ryan , Wang Jinhua , Wang Yongze , Zhao Jinfang , Garza Erin , Iverson Andrew , Finan Chris , Grayburn Scott , Zhou Shengde 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPreviously, a native homoethanol pathway was engineered in Escherichia coli B by deletions of competing pathway genes and anaerobic expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH encoded by aceEF-lpd). The resulting ethanol pathway involves glycolysis, PDH, and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE). The E. coli B-derived ethanologenic strain SZ420 was then further improved for ethanol tolerance (up to 40 g l−1 ethanol) through adaptive evolution. However, the resulting ethanol tolerant mutant, SZ470, was still unable to complete fermentation of 75 g l−1 xylose, even though the theoretical maximum ethanol titer would have been less than 40 g l−1 should the fermentation have reached completion. In this study, the cra (encoding for a catabolite repressor activator) and the HSR2 region of rng (encoding for RNase G) were deleted from SZ470 in order to improve xylose fermentation. Deletion of the HSR2 domain resulted in significantly increased mRNA levels (47-fold to 409-fold) of multiple glycolytic genes (pgi, tpiA, gapA, eno), as well as the engineered ethanol pathway genes (aceEF-lpd, adhE) and the transcriptional regulator Fnr (fnr). The higher adhE mRNA level resulted in increased AdhE activity (&gt;twofold). Although not measured, the increase of other mRNAs might also enhance expressions of their encoding proteins. The increased enzymes would then enable the resulting strain, RM10, to achieve increased cell growth and complete fermentation of 75 g l−1 xylose with an 84% improved ethanol titer (35 g l−1), compared to that (19 g l−1) obtained by the parent, SZ470. However, deletion of cra resulted in a negative impact on cell growth and xylose fermentation, suggesting that Cra is important for long-term fermentative cell growth.
Weak competitive ability may explain decline of Taxus baccata
Authors: Iszkuło Grzegorz , Didukh Yakiv , Giertych Marian J. , Jasińska Anna K. , Sobierajska Karolina , Szmyt Janusz 
Published: February 2012

AbstractContextTaxuswoodlands suffer from a lack of natural regeneration across its whole distribution range.AimsIn Knyazhdvir Reserve in UkraineTaxus baccataprimarily competes withAbies alba. It has been assumed that in the conditions of deep shade, yews have a greater competitive advantage than firs.MethodsTo verify this hypothesis, a plot with both species growing under the canopy was established. Wood samples were taken from 20 trees ofT. baccataand 20 trees ofA. alba.ResultsThere were no differences in the mean tree-ring width, height and age between both species. Due to a lack of spatial separation of both species, yews and firs inhabited the same area in the analysed plot. Fir seedlings (up to 0.5 m) were recorded to grow under yew saplings (above 0.5 m), but the inverse situation of yew seedlings growing under fir saplings was not seen.ConclusionSeedling distribution, tree-ring growth rate, possibility of growth of fir seedlings under yew saplings and greater potential growth suggested that fir was predisposed to having the competitive edge over yew. Our results may confirm the hypothesis thatT. baccatahas a restricted distribution because of weak competitive abilities and can exist only in habitats where faster growing species are absent. The results call into question the prevailing opinion that human influences are the principal cause for the decline ofT. baccata.
Torque-coupling and particle–turbulence interactions
Authors: Andersson Helge I. , Zhao Lihao , Barri Mustafa 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA novel scheme for strong coupling between inertial Lagrangian point particles and a continuous Eulerian fluid phase has been developed. A full mechanical coupling can only be achieved if torque-coupling is applied along with the more conventional force-coupling. The torque vector acting from the particles on the fluid is expressed in terms of a new antisymmetric particle stress tensor which adds to the Stokes stress tensor. A strongly-coupled simulation of a turbulent channel flow laden with prolate spheroidal particles with aspect ratio 5:1 demonstrated that the inclusion of torque-coupling reduced the modulation of the turbulent flow field observed in a two-way force-coupled simulation. The spin and orientation of the spheroids were significantly affected.