bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
30 Jahre prophylaktische Thyreoidektomie beim hereditären medullären Schilddrüsenkarzinom
Authors: Dralle Henning , Weber Frank , Lorenz Kerstin , Machens Andreas 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDas medulläre Schilddrüsenkarzinom (MTC) ist die häufigste das onkologische Outcome bestimmende Manifestation der multiplen endokrinen Neoplasie (MEN) Typ 2. Vor 30 Jahren konnten die Keimbahnmutationen im RET(REarranged-during-Transfection)-Protoonkogen, einem Tumorsuppressorgen auf Chromosom 10q11.2, als Ursache der MEN2 identifiziert und 1993 und 1994 erstveröffentlicht werden. Hieraus entwickelte sich das Konzept der prophylaktischen Thyreoidektomie für asymptomatische Genmutationsträger, das seither Therapiestandard ist. Klinisch-genetische Untersuchungen zeigten hinsichtlich der individuellen Genmutation eine Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation sowohl hinsichtlich der Penetranz und des Entstehungszeitraums des MTC und in geringerem Ausmaß auch hinsichtlich der anderen MEN2-Komponenten Phäochromozytom und primärer Hyperparathyreoidismus. Daraus konnte eine klinisch relevante Risikostratifizierung abgeleitet werden. Die allein genotypbasierte, aber nicht hinreichend genaue Altersempfehlung für den besten Zeitpunkt der prophylaktischen Thyreoidektomie wurde in der Folgezeit durch Kombination des RET-Genotyps mit dem Kalzitoninwert präzisiert, der mutations- und altersunabhängig erst bei Überschreiten des oberen Kalzitoninnormwertes das Risiko einer Lymphknotenmetastasierung anzeigt. Die routinemäßige Kalzitoninbestimmung bei Knotenstrumen, das Familienscreening bei MEN2-Indexpatienten und die karzinompräventive prophylaktische Thyreoidektomie bei normokalzitoninämischen Genmutationsträgern haben dazu geführt, dass heute, 30 Jahre nach der Erstbeschreibung der krankheitsverursachenden Genmutationen, das lebensbedrohende hereditäre MTC heilbar geworden ist: ein leuchtendes Beispiel für den Erfolg translational transnationaler medizinischer Forschung zum Wohl der Betroffenen.
Nierenbeteiligung bei Systemerkrankungen
Authors: Kain Renate 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Erkrankungen des nicht-neoplastischen Nierenparenchyms können im Rahmen aller, den Organismus systemisch betreffenden Erkrankungen auftreten und stellen so eine Differenzialdiagnose für immunologisch bedingte Nierenerkrankungen dar.

Fragestellung
Zwei häufige autoimmunologische Erkrankungen der Niere – antineutrophile Zytoplasmaantikörper (ANCA)-assoziierte Vaskulitis (AAV) und systemischer Lupus erythematosus (SLE) – werden im Kontext des breiten Erkrankungsfelds der Nieren und deren diagnostische und mögliche therapeutische Ansätze dargestellt.

Material und Methoden
Es wird eine Übersicht über die Krankheitsbilder mit Review aktueller Literatur gegeben.
Increased epicardial adipose tissue is associated with left atrial mechanical dysfunction in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Lobeek M. , Gorter T. M. , Westenbrink B. D. , Van Veldhuisen D. J. , Rienstra M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Heart failure (HF) with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF) is often accompanied by atrial dysfunction. It has been suggested that specific ectopic fat depots, such as epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), may directly influence the myocardial cells and, therefore, be involved in the pathophysiology of atrial mechanical dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between EAT and left atrial (LA) mechanical dysfunction.

Methods and results
In total, 82 patients with symptomatic HF and left ventricular ejection fraction > 40% were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent CMR while in sinus rhythm. LA mechanical dysfunction was defined as the presence of LA end-systolic volume index > 52 mL/m2 and LA reservoir strain < 23%. EAT volume was indexed for body surface area. Mean age was 69 ± 10 years, 42 (51%) were women and mean body mass index (BMI) was 29 ± 6 kg/m2. Mean LVEF was 55 ± 9% and 34 (41%) patients had LA mechanical dysfunction. In patients with LA mechanical dysfunction, the EAT volume was significantly higher than in patients without LA mechanical dysfunction (90 vs 105 mL/m2, p = 0.02) while BMI was similar. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, increased EAT remained significantly associated with LA mechanical dysfunction (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.66, p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Increased EAT was associated with LA mechanical dysfunction in patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms that underlie this association.
Advancing carbon capture in hard-to-abate industries: technology, cost, and policy insights
Authors: Zhang Tongyao , Zhang Mengshu , Jin Ling , Xu Mao , Li Jia 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIndustrial emissions are significant and need to be addressed in the fight against climate change. To achieve carbon emission reduction targets in line with climate change policies while maintaining the competitiveness of the industry, hard-to-abate sectors are exploring efficient carbon reduction technologies and striving to reduce associated costs. Carbon capture technology presents a large-scale CO2 reduction solution with immense potential. In promoting the application of carbon capture in hard-to-abate industries, it is essential to comprehensively analyze the feasibility and economics of carbon capture technology. This paper conducts a review of the technical feasibility and economics of carbon capture technologies in several industrial sectors, namely iron and steel, cement, and coal chemical industries. A vast amount of data on the costs of industrial carbon capture technologies has been gathered for comparison. This study also specifically addresses policy incentives that have been discussed and are currently being implemented to cut costs and promote industrial carbon capture projects.
Graphical abstract
Optimality conditions for differentiable linearly constrained pseudoconvex programs
Authors: Cambini Riccardo , Riccardi Rossana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study optimality conditions for differentiable linearly constrained pseudoconvex programs. The stated results are based on new transversality conditions which can be used instead of complementarity ones. Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are stated under suitable generalized convexity properties. Moreover, two different pairs of dual problems are proposed and weak and strong duality results proved. Finally, it is shown how transversality conditions can be applied to characterize optimality of convex quadratic problems and to efficiently solve a particular class of Max-Min problems
Survey of machine learning techniques for Arabic fake news detection
Authors: Touahri Ibtissam , Mazroui Azzeddine 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSocial media platforms have emerged as primary information sources, offering easy access to a wide audience. Consequently, a significant portion of the global population relies on these platforms for updates on current events. However, fraudulent actors exploit social networks to disseminate false information, either for financial gain or to manipulate public opinion. Recognizing the detrimental impact of fake news, researchers have turned their attention to automating its detection. In this paper, we provide a thorough review of fake news detection in Arabic, a low-resource language, to contextualize the current state of research in this domain. In our research methodology, we recall fake news terminology, provide examples for clarity, particularly in Arabic contexts, and explore its impact on public opinion. We discuss the challenges in fake news detection, outline the used datasets, and provide Arabic annotation samples for label assignment. Likewise, preprocessing steps for Arabic language nuances are highlighted. We also explore features from shared tasks and their implications. Lastly, we address open issues, proposing some future research directions like dataset improvement, feature refinement, and increased awareness to combat fake news proliferation. We contend that incorporating our perspective into the examination of fake news aspects, along with suggesting enhancements, sets this survey apart from others currently available.
Multiscale model diagnostics
Authors: Mannseth Trond 
Published: May 2024

AbstractI consider the problem of model diagnostics, that is, the problem of criticizing a model prior to history matching by comparing data to an ensemble of simulated data based on the prior model (prior predictions). If the data are not deemed as a credible prior prediction by the model diagnostics, some settings of the model should be changed before history matching is attempted. I particularly target methodologies that are computationally feasible for large models with large amounts of data. A multiscale methodology, that can be applied to analyze differences between data and prior predictions in a scale-by-scale fashion, is proposed for this purpose. The methodology is computationally inexpensive, straightforward to apply, and can handle correlated observation errors without making approximations. The multiscale methodology is tested on a set of toy models, on two simplistic reservoir models with synthetic data, and on real data and prior predictions from the Norne field. The tests include comparisons with a previously published method (termed the Mahalanobis methodology in this paper). For the Norne case, both methodologies led to the same decisions regarding whether to accept or discard the data as a credible prior prediction. The multiscale methodology led to correct decisions for the toy models and the simplistic reservoir models. For these models, the Mahalanobis methodology either led to incorrect decisions, and/or was unstable with respect to selection of the ensemble of prior predictions.
The resilient self-employability of women and senior people after sudden economic shocks
Authors: Audretsch David B. , Ghalwash Seham , Peña-Legazkue Iñaki 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent times, various crises have negatively affected the financial stability, job security, and health of countless individuals. According to research, different factors that operate at both the individual and contextual levels can play a prominent role in influencing people's self-employment during periods of economic downturn. This study investigates the changes in the likelihood of self-employment by gender and age across various contexts following sudden shocks. By analyzing the intersection of occupational choice and business cycle theories, this research offers insights into how crises affect people's ability to work for themselves. Using a sample of over 250,000 individuals from sixteen countries and applying a multilevel binary logistic regression analysis, the results confirm that women and older individuals are less inclined to be self-employed in general. However, unexpected economic recessions may lead to a slight increase in their likelihood of self-employment. Furthermore, when women and seniors live in a higher GDP per capita context, this context positively moderates the relationship between gender, age, and the propensity for entrepreneurship. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers seeking to promote resilient self-employment among vulnerable individuals for post-crisis recovery.
ResLMFFNet: a real-time semantic segmentation network for precision agriculture
Authors: Ulku Irem 
Published: May 2024

AbstractLightweight multiscale-feature-fusion network (LMFFNet), a proficient real-time CNN architecture, adeptly achieves a balance between inference time and accuracy. Capturing the intricate details of precision agriculture target objects in remote sensing images requires deep SEM-B blocks in the LMFFNet model design. However, employing numerous SEM-B units leads to instability during backward gradient flow. This work proposes the novel residual-LMFFNet (ResLMFFNet) model for ensuring smooth gradient flow within SEM-B blocks. By incorporating residual connections, ResLMFFNet achieves improved accuracy without affecting the inference speed and the number of trainable parameters. The results of the experiments demonstrate that this architecture has achieved superior performance compared to other real-time architectures across diverse precision agriculture applications involving UAV and satellite images. Compared to LMFFNet, the ResLMFFNet architecture enhances the Jaccard Index values by 2.1% for tree detection, 1.4% for crop detection, and 11.2% for wheat-yellow rust detection. Achieving these remarkable accuracy levels involves maintaining almost identical inference time and computational complexity as the LMFFNet model. The source code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/iremulku/Semantic-Segmentation-in-Precision-Agriculture.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Time Spent Sitting and Risk of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Puglia
Authors: Franco Isabella , Bianco Antonella , Bonfiglio Caterina , Curci Ritanna , Campanella Angelo , Osella Alberto Rubén 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the world. The increasingly sedentary lifestyle in recent years may have accelerated the development of NAFLD, independent of the level of physical activity.

Objective
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and time spent sitting (TSS) and the likelihood of developing NAFLD in a sample of men and women aged 18–64 years, from southern Italy.

Design
The study is based on two cohort studies, a randomized clinical trial and an observational cost-benefit study.

Participants
A total of 1269 participants (51.5% women) drawn from 3992 eligible subjects were enrolled in this study.

Exposures
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and time spent sitting (TSS) were assessed using the Italian long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-LF), designed for administration to adults aged 18 to 65 years.

Main Measures
The association of exposures with the probability of belonging to a certain NAFLD degree of severity.

Key Results
The probability of having mild, moderate, and severe NAFLD tends to decrease with increasing LTPA and decreasing TSS levels. We selected a combination of participants aged 50 years and older stratified by gender. Men had a statistically significant difference in the probability of developing moderate NAFLD if they spent 70 h per week sitting and had low LTPA, while among women there was a statistically significant difference in the probability of developing mild or moderate NAFLD if they had moderate LPTA and spent 35–70 h/week sitting.

Conclusions
The study thus showed that the amount of LTPA and the amount of TSS are associated with development and progression of NAFLD, but this relationship is not a linear one—especially in women aged ≥ 50 years old.
Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW): Left-Wing Authoritarian—and Populist? An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Thomeczek J. Philipp 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGermany’s relatively stable party system faces a new left-authoritarian challenger: Sahra Wagenknecht’s Bündnis Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW) party. First polls indicate that for the BSW, election results above 10% are within reach. While Wagenknecht’s positions in economic and cultural terms have already been discussed, this article elaborates on another highly relevant feature of Wagenknecht, namely her populist communication. Exploring Wagenknecht’s and BSW’s populist appeal helps us to understand why the party is said to also have potential among seemingly different voter groups coming from the far right Alternative for Germany (AfD) and far left Die Linke, which share high levels of populist attitudes. To analyse the role that populist communication plays for Wagenknecht and the BSW, this article combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative analysis covers all speeches (10,000) and press releases (19,000) published by Die Linke members of Parliament (MPs; 2005–2023). The results show that Wagenknecht is the (former) Die Linke MP with the highest share of populist communication. Furthermore, she was also able to convince a group of populist MPs to join the BSW. The article closes with a qualitative analysis of BSW’s manifesto that reveals how populist framing plays a major role in this document, in which the political and economic elites are accused of working against the interest of “the majority”. Based on this analysis, the classification of the BSW as a populist party seems to be appropriate.
Statistical analysis of physico-mechanical parameters of sandstones occurring in orogenic settings
Authors: Pappalardo Giovanna , Carbone Serafina , Monaco Carmelo , Zocco Giordana , Mineo Simone 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn northeastern Sicily (Italy), sandstone rock masses widely crop out as cover deposits over crystalline terrains belonging to the orogenic belt. Despite being part of the same geological formation, these sandstones are characterized by highly different features in terms of texture and physico-mechanical properties. This poses a scientific question on the possibility of tracing these rocks to a single statistical model, which could be representative of their main engineering geological properties. Therefore, it is worth investigating on the possible reasons of such differences, that should be searched either in the current geographical sandstone distribution or in the rock texture. For this study, sandstone samples were collected from different sites and were analyzed at both the hand and thin section scales. Three sandstone types were recognized, characterized by a different texture. Then, the laboratory characterization allowed estimating their main physico-mechanical and ultrasonic properties, such as porosity, density, mechanical strength, deformability, and ultrasonic velocities. The rock mechanical strength proved linked to the rock compactness and to the presence of lithic fragments, while pores and a pseudo-matrix between grains represent weakening features. Rock data were also statistically analyzed by grouping the specimens according to a geographical criterion, with respect to their sampling area, but no link was found between location and rock properties. Finally, with the aim of achieving mathematical laws that could be used to predict some rock properties from others, useful for practical purposes when dealing with such a high property variability, single and multiple regression analyses were carried out. Results show that the Uniaxial Compressive Strength, porosity, and P-wave velocity are the best predictors for a quick, indirect estimation of the main physico-mechanical parameters. The methodological approach developed for this research can be taken as reference to study other worldwide cases, involving rocks characterized by a wide range of physico-mechanical properties and covering large regional territories.
Complications related to short peripheral intravenous catheters in patients with acute stroke: a prospective, observational, single-cohort study
Authors: Privitera Daniele , Geraneo Annalisa , Li Veli Greta , Parravicini Giorgio , Mazzone Annamaria , Rossini Michela , Sanfilippo Marianna , Gubertini Alessandro , Airoldi Chiara , Capsoni Nicolò , Busca Erica , Bassi Erika , Langer Thomas , Dal Molin Alberto 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPatients with acute stroke often require venous access to facilitate diagnostic investigations or intravenous therapy. The primary aim of this study was to describe the rate and type of complications associated with the placement of a short peripheral catheter (SPC) in patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. A prospective, observational, single-cohort study was conducted at Niguarda Hospital, Italy, with enrolment in the Emergency Department. Adult patients with an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke requiring an SPC were enrolled. Complications, such as infiltration, occlusion, phlebitis and dislodgment, were recorded daily. Descriptive statistics were used, and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) was estimated to assess the difference in complications, considering catheter calibre, dominant side, exit site, limb, and limb mobility, ictus type (ischemic/haemorrhagic), impairment deficit (language, motor, visual) and EA-DIVA score. A total of 269 participants and 755 SPC were analysed. Removal of SPC due to at least one local complication occurred in 451 (60%). Dislodgment was the major cause of SPC removal (31%), followed by infiltration (18%), occlusion (6%), and phlebitis (5%). The SPC calibre (22G), exit-site other than antecubital and forearm, visual deficit and EA-DIVA ≥ 8 were associated with a higher rate of SPC complications: IRR, 1.71 [1.31; 2.31]; 1.27 [1.01; 1.60], 1.38 [1.06; 1.80], 1.30 [1.04; 1.64], respectively. No other differences in complication rates were observed according to the insertion site, i.e. dominant side, left side, plegic/hyposthenic limb, or exit site. This study provides novel insights into the frequency and types of complications associated with SPC in patients with acute stroke. Compared to the literature, a higher dislodgment rate was observed, being the first cause of SPC removal, whereas no differences in the number of infiltrations, occlusions, and phlebitis were recorded.
Perazzo n-folds and the weak Lefschetz property
Authors: Mezzetti Emilia , Miró-Roig Rosa M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we determine the maximum $$h_{max}$$

h

max

and the minimum $$h_{min}$$

h

min

of the Hilbert vectors of Perazzo algebras $$A_F$$

A
F

, where F is a Perazzo polynomial of degree d in $$n+m+1$$

n
+
m
+
1

variables. These algebras always fail the Strong Lefschetz Property. We determine the integers n, m, d such that $$h_{max}$$

h

max

(resp. $$h_{min}$$

h

min

) is unimodal, and we prove that $$A_F$$

A
F

always fails the Weak Lefschetz Property if its Hilbert vector is maximum, while it satisfies the Weak Lefschetz Property if it is minimum, unimodal, and satisfies an additional mild condition. We determine the minimal free resolution of Perazzo algebras associated to Perazzo threefolds in $$\mathbb {P}^4$$

P

4

with minimum Hilbert vectors. Finally we pose some open problems in this context.