bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Oxygen Ion Outflow at Earth and Mars due to the Concurrent Impact of a Stream Interaction Region
Authors: Venugopal Indu , Thampi Smitha V. , Bhaskar Ankush , Venkataraman V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
One of the major processes that solar wind drives is the outflow and escape of ions from the planetary atmospheres. The major ion species in the upper ionospheres of both Earth and Mars is O+, and hence it is more likely to dominate the escape process. On Earth, due to a strong intrinsic magnetic field, the major ion outflow pathways are through the cusp, polar cap, and the auroral oval. In contrast, Mars has an induced magnetosphere, where the ionosphere is in direct contact with the shocked solar wind plasma. Therefore, physical processes underlying the ion energization and escape rates are expected to be different on Mars as compared to Earth. In the current work, we study the near-simultaneous ion outflow event from both Earth and Mars during the passage of a stream interaction region/high-speed stream (SIR/HSS) during 2016 May, when both the planets were approximately aligned on the same side of the Sun. The SIR/HSS propagation was recorded by spacecraft at the Sun–Earth L1 point and Mars Express at 1.5 au. During the passage of the SIR, the dayside and nightside ion outflows at Earth were observed by Van Allen Probes and Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission orbiters, respectively. At Mars, the ion energization at different altitudes was observed by the STATIC instrument on board the MAVEN orbiter. We observe evidence for the enhanced ion outflow from both Earth and Mars during the passage of the SIR, and identify the dominant drivers of the ion outflow.
Massive Debris Disks May Hinder Secular Stirring by Planetary Companions: An Analytic Proof of Concept
Authors: Sefilian Antranik A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Debris disks or exo-Kuiper belts, detected through their thermal or scattered emission from their dusty components, are ubiquitous around main-sequence stars. Since dust grains are short-lived, their sustained presence is thought to require dynamical excitation, i.e., “stirring,” of a massive reservoir of large planetesimals, such that mutual collisions are violent enough to continually supply fresh dust. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain debris disk stirring, with the commonly accepted being long-term, secular planet–debris disk interactions. However, while effective, existing planet-stirring models are rudimentary; namely, they ignore the (self-)gravity of the disk, treating it as a massless reservoir of planetesimals. Here, using a simple analytical model, we investigate the secular interactions between eccentric planets and massive, external debris disks. We demonstrate that the disk gravity drives fast apsidal precession of both planetesimal and planetary orbits, which, depending on the system parameters, may well exceed the planet-induced precession rate of planetesimals. This results in strong suppression of planetesimal eccentricities and thus relative collisional velocities throughout the disk, often by more than an order of magnitude when compared to massless disk models. We thus show that massive debris disks may hinder secular stirring by eccentric planets orbiting near, e.g., the disk’s inner edge, provided the disk is more massive than the planet. We provide simple analytic formulae to describe these effects. Finally, we show that these findings have important implications for planet inferences in debris-bearing systems, as well as for constraining the total masses of debris disks (as done for β Pic).
Energetic Neutral Atoms Detected in the 2022 February 15 Solar Energetic Particle Event
Authors: Cohen C. M. S. , Leske R. A. , St. Cyr O. C. , Mason G. M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) are expected to be produced near the Sun during large solar energetic particle (SEP) events. However, their detection by SEP instruments near 1 au has been limited. The clearest reported measurement has been from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) during the 2006 December 5 SEP event. Additional evidence of ENAs has been found through reanalysis of observations by the Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer obtained near the equator in low Earth orbit and associated with several large X-ray flares and fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Here we describe another detection of ENAs from the STEREO Low Energy Telescope associated with the large 2022 February 15 SEP event. Given the timing and spectrum of the ENAs and the location of the source region (behind the east limb from STEREO’s viewpoint), these ENAs are most likely a result of acceleration by a CME-driven shock when the CME was at approximately 2–3 R
S. The possibility of a postflare loop origin is considered unlikely.
Le suicide assisté : l’accompagnement des soignants, une nécessité
Authors: Huet Gaëlle 
Published: April 2024

Infirmière au sein d’une unité hospitalière de soins palliatifs spécialisés à l’hôpital de Bellerive, ce projet sur « le suicide assisté: l’accompagnement des soignants, une nécessité» est réalisé dans le cadre du « Certificate of advanced studies Soins palliatifs et personnes âgées » à la Haute école de santé de Genève. La loi sur le suicide assisté ayant évolué, les équipes soignantes doivent désormais tenir compte du souhait d’un patient qui désire réaliser une démarche d’assistance au suicide assisté dans l’unité de soins où il est hospitalisé. L’application de la loi impose une réflexion sur l’organisation des soins et sur la collaboration interprofessionnelle entre les soignants et l’association Exit, qui intervient au sein des Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, à la demande du patient.
Clint Eastwood : le héros d’une Amérique triomphante et fragile
Authors: La Meauffe André 
Published: April 2024

La carrière cinématographique de Clint Eastwood s’étend sur de nombreuses décennies, du second XX e siècle au premier XXI e siècle. Acteur, réalisateur, producteur, il a exploré les diverses facettes du métier. Sa longue silhouette dégingandée est familière au spectateur, aussi bien dans des « westerns spaghettis » que dans des films policiers, avec l’inspecteur Harry. Il est, au moins pour les Européens, une métaphore des États-Unis de ces époques, brutaux, cyniques, virilistes, cupides, à la fois triomphants et fragiles – mais toujours avec de bonnes raisons. Il ne résume pas pour autant les figures complexes des États-Unis, puisque l’on trouve un contrepoint avec le cinéma de Woody Allen, tourmenté, intellectuel, déprimé mais résilient – côte Ouest, côte Est .
Naviguer avec les marées : croissance, cycles économiques et catastrophes naturelles dans les Caraïbes et en Amérique Centrale
Authors: Borda Patrice , Wright Allan 
Published: April 2024

Cet article examine le rôle des chocs liés aux catastrophes dans un modèle d’équilibre général dynamique stochastique (DSGE). Dans un premier temps, nous estimons un modèle vectoriel autorégressif (VAR) en données de panel pour la production, l’investissement, la balance commerciale, la consommation et le risque pays afin de capturer les effets économiques de la production, du risque pays et des chocs exogènes liés aux chocs de catastrophes naturelles.Ensuite, en tenant compte des événements rares et des chocs de productivité tendanciels, nous proposons également un cadre de référence des interactions dynamiques entre les effets macroéconomiques des événements rares et les frictions financières pour deux pays : la Barbade et le Belize. Les résultats convergents entre le cadre empirique et le cadre général démontrent que les chocs dus aux catastrophes naturelles en Amérique centrale et dans les Caraïbes n’ont un impact significatif qu’à court terme. Ces résultats indiquent que les pays des Caraïbes manifestent une plus grande résilience face aux chocs liés aux catastrophes naturelles.
Défaire sa responsabilité financière en matière de risques professionnels
Authors: Serre Delphine 
Published: April 2024

Depuis les années 2000, des grandes entreprises multiplient les procès, avec l’objectif de faire baisser leur taux de cotisation, et contestent les maladies professionnelles ou les accidents du travail qui ont été reconnus pour leurs salarié·es. À partir d’une enquête menée dans des tribunaux entre 2015 et 2020, l’article analyse les pratiques d’objectivation des données et d’argumentation mises en œuvre par les avocat·es d’employeurs pour invisibiliser l’origine professionnelle de certains maux et déresponsabiliser financièrement l’entreprise. Il montre comment les avocat·es utilisent les documents de tarification des accidents du travail et maladies professionnelles pour identifier et sélectionner, selon un critère financier, les griefs portés sur la scène judiciaire, puis comment elles et ils encouragent la production de données médicales pour construire leur dossier juridique et obtenir gain de cause. L’article étudie enfin la manière dont les avocat·es d’employeurs transfigurent cette cause financière en croisade morale et font parfois des documents et de leur caractère impersonnel le ressort de leur posture déontologique et le support de leur confort émotionnel.
Fully Refrigerated Ammonia Transfer System – Design Challenges and Independent Assurance of a Novel Offshore Transfer Concept for Liquid Ammonia
Authors: Narayanan Priya , Ganivada Swarna , Duggal Arun , Duensing Martin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To aid in industry's developments of blue and green ammonia production and storage, a new system is required to alleviate the challenge of transporting liquid ammonia from an onshore terminal to a remote offshore tanker and vice versa.
The objective of this paper is to describe the design and approval of a fully refrigerated ammonia transfer system which enables to transfer anhydrous ammonia at low temperatures (-33°C or colder based on boiling point of anhydrous ammonia at 1 atm) between an onshore terminal and a floating Gas Carrier moored to a CALM (Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring) Buoy or Tower. The design ensures safe and efficient operation of ammonia transfer by including means for cold ammonia recirculation, vapor recovery and reliquefication of boil-off gases as applicable.
The feasibility of the present concept has been confirmed by an AiP process undertaken between the developer (SOFEC) and the Classification Society (DNV), as described in the last section of this paper.
Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Improve Production and Operational Efficiencies in Deepwater Subsea Tiebacks
Authors: Jarrell B. , D’Souza R. , Chauhan N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Subsea tiebacks are a principal building block of deepwater developments. Operators seek to continuously enhance operational efficiencies and tieback distances while reducing capital, operating expenditures, and emissions. Rapid advances have been made in remote operations, subsea equipment capabilities and standardization. However, significant additional improvements in subsea tieback operational efficiencies are achievable by leveraging the steep decline in data storage and processing costs, the massive increase in processing power and high-speed internet along with the availability of proven Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) tools.
Subsea tieback operational efficiency improvements are bottlenecked by human operator ability to process and respond in a timely manner to the overwhelming quantity of data collected by modern subsea monitoring and sensor technologies. This paper will address specific areas where the proven ability of AI and ML tools to assimilate large quantities of data, together with bespoke algorithms, can provide real-time, targeted recommendations to unlock the following improvements in subsea tieback operational efficiencies:
Enhanced Oil Recovery: With real-time detection and analyses of changes and anomalies in production flow, AI can use Model Predictive Control (MPC) or Hybrid AI-Physics Models to optimize production rates, riser base gas lift, and gas or water injection systems.
Predictive Maintenance: By ingesting and analyzing real-time sensor and Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV)/Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) data, AI algorithms can:Improve performance and reliability of subsea boosting systems (multiphase pumps, power generation and conditioning).Increase operational uptime and service life by anticipating potential failures in subsea infrastructure.
Operational Efficiencies: AI can process vast amounts of data from disparate sources to support decision-making related to:Monitoring and predicting flow assurance challenges while suggesting targeted mitigations.Maintaining optimum production rates and flow conditions from wellhead to production manifold.Providing a holistic view of complex multi-tieback systems to facilitate decision-making targeting total asset performance.
By combining data gathered from multiple sources (SCADA, PLC, Camera DVR, etc.) with bespoke algorithms, AI can provide diagnostic, prescriptive, intelligent insights; accelerate positive interventions; increase ultimate recovery while reducing downtime, power requirements, and emissions.
The offshore oil and gas industry is embracing AI to make operations safer and more efficient. This paper will show how an integrated, holistic and targeted approach of incorporating AI into subsea tiebacks will enable the industry to immediately and inexpensively attain new levels of operational excellence, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability.
Challenges and Innovations in Water Shut off for Naturally Fractured Reservoir in Subsea Wells
Authors: Fornari M. V. , Allegretti G. , Cesale D. , Cherri R. , Spagnolo S. , Moriggi S. , Pirrone M. , Brambilla R. V. R. , Carpineta G. , Mangione A. , Luppina S. , Abdallah A. , Leo G. , Racca S. , Brienza A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Water management has become a trending topic in today's operation in Oil and Gas.
The water breakthrough phenomena are even more complex when the problem occurs on naturally fractured reservoirs (NFR), where the challenging to perform a Water Shut Off (WSO) will raise on chemicals selection and placement procedure. The scope of the paper is to present the study and the application of WSO treatment in NFR with the increased difficulty of Subsea operations.
The WSO treatment was designed starting from the Eni experiences in NFR. The candidates were selected among the high water production wells in the field and a detailed analysis of the drilling performances, well sketches, log parameters and production data was conducted to define the suitable treatment. Several Business partners have been investigated, with the aim to select the best chemicals for the reservoir, taking into consideration the tight delivery schedule imposed by the production needs.
After the analysis phase, a detailed program was set for each well. The major observation to point out is the peculiarity of the application that implies several operations not common in Subsea well intervention activities, as Production Logging Tool (PLT) data acquisition, Coil Tubing Operation, Plug and Cement placement.
Some technical points have been identified as crucial to perform the job in an efficient way, as:PLT to verify the water entry pointsChemicals selection and compatibility study. In our application two chemicals have been selected to perform the job with different purposesCoil tubing challenges for chemicals placement
All the above aspects were included in the outline program and flowchart/decision tree have been made available to build a guideline for future WSO project.
The real novel of the paper is related to the complexity of every single operation selected to perform the entire treatment. The scouting of the market and experience in the industry highlighted that PLT, Coil Tubing Operation, Plug and Cement placement are risky operations in subsea wells and they have been combined to reach an ultimate goal, in our case of a successful WSO operation.
Cost-Effective Modified Water Flood Strategy for High-Temperature Offshore Carbonates: Examining Surfactant-Brine Synergy Through Innovative Displacement Experiments
Authors: Rana Vanshika , Biswas Mrinmoy , Hanotia Ankit , Gupta Ajink , Rathi Kiran Bala , Mitra Sujit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHydrocarbon exploitation from offshore carbonate reservoir is always challenging. India's large offshore carbonate fields have reached mature waterflood stage. To enhance waterflood recovery, significant research has been done by modifying injection water chemistry. Low salinity waterflood pilot is ongoing. Low salinity water works well for high temperature, high salinity reservoirs, although mechanism of salinity shock is still debatable (Morrow N. et.al, 2011). The wettability altering surfactant co-injection with low salinity water can also offer additional recovery depending on its chemical characteristics. This study assesses the synergy of these two methods in two typical offshore carbonate reservoirs, also introducing a single-well wettability test for field evaluation.Typical screening of compatibility and thermal stability was performed. Subsequent to detailed compatibility tests, surfactant brine solutions with non-ionic and cationic surfactant were first investigated using contact angle experiments. The change of wettability was verified using Amott wettability method. A sequence of surfactant-brine and low salinity brine was injected over conventional water flood in tertiary mode to find incremental gain and saturation reduction in coreflood. The formulation was also validated in static imbibition kinetics experiments. Typical cationic surfactant appeared as effective in low salinity brine for a particular reservoir. For another set, it is observed that the efficacy of non-ionic surfactant is not dependent on brine salinity. Hence, surfactant in sea water is evaluated as useful formulation for the second reservoir.Low salinity and surfactant flooding individually draw attention to enhance recovery from offshore carbonate. The synergy of these two methods is studied here as no such conclusive reports are available in published literature. Further, single well wettability test is planned to test the efficacy of this wettability altering system in field. Reduction of sea water salinity needs reverse osmosis facility and reject water management, whereas surfactant flooding requires supply and quality assurance. The evaluation of best technology in such cases will help in taking timely and cost effective decisions for full field implementation.
Utilizing Energy Storage to Enable Optimized CO2 Monitoring/Hydrocarbon Leak Detection Through AUV Charging and Communications Stations
Authors: Slorach P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) market is experiencing steady growth driven by technological advancements and the need for efficient, safer and cost-effective underwater operations.
Over the last forty years, AUVs have witnessed significant advances in terms of navigation, sensors, communication, and data processing capabilities, as well as having established docking systems for remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous systems for long-distance surveying.
The focus of this paper will be on a flexible input, multi-Kilowatt hour seabed battery system which builds on multiple recent and resident AUV demonstration projects, featuring battery and renewable energy powered docking stations with temporary and permanent underwater residency of AUVs for carbon dioxide (CO2) monitoring and hydrocarbon leak detection.
The benefits of the system will be explored including enabling long term deployment of monitoring and surveillance equipment, AUV residency for inspection regimes and providing the interface from subsea equipment to surface communications.
The infield charging and communications station system will therefore allow AUVs to dock, recharge the AUV batteries, upload mission data and receive new mission parameters without requiring manual offshore intervention, with less reliance on carbon-intensive traditional vessels and less susceptibility to adverse surface weather conditions.
Bonga FPSO: Asset Management Excellence
Authors: Agala B. F. , Jonathan A. R. , Ofoedu A. , Ayodeji A. , Okon U. , Afuba P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Bonga field is located 120 km South-West of Warri, in the Southern Niger Delta of Nigeria, at water depth of 3300 ft. The field was discovered in 1993 and achieved first oil in November 2005 as the first deepwater development in the Gulf of Guinea. It was developed with subsea wells, production manifolds and water injection terminals connected via subsea flowlines and risers to a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) facility called the Bonga FPSO.
Bonga FPSO consists of oil and gas processing and export facilities, water injection facilities, oil storage facilities, and utility systems that support production operations and personnel onboard the vessel. Over a 17-year period, the FPSO has achieved cumulative oil production of 1.0 billion barrels, 815 Bscf of gas export and 1.5 billion barrels of water injected through a total 39 oil producer and 36 water injector wells.
This performance was delivered by disciplined implementation of a structured Asset Management framework with focus on work processes that deliver performance, a management system that define how the asset operates, and clear definition of the assets longer-term strategic intent, vision, value levers, and the choices required to deliver maximum business value.
Through the asset management framework, the FPSO has consistently delivered top quartile performance in safety and environment, production availability, asset integrity, equipment reliability, and turn around excellence. In 2022 the asset delivered a turnaround maintenance 8 days ahead of schedule with zero safety incident at a lower cost. In February 2023, Bonga achieved cumulative export of 1 billion barrels of oil and 815 Bscf of gas, and cumulative water injection of 1.5 billion barrels. The asset is on track to deliver a production availability greater 95% and a carbon emission reduction of 0.3million tCO2e through reliability improvements on gas compression system.
This paper presents the Asset Management excellence philosophy of Bonga FPSO
Ensure Safe Production: A structured process that enables cost-effective operation within defined operating envelopes. Manage Threats and Opportunities: A process that enables identification, prioritization and mitigation of threats and realization of opportunities. Perform Maintenance Execution and Manage Equipment care: Two frameworks for maintaining and improving the integrity, availability, and reliability of the asset through optimized maintenance strategies. Perform Turnaround: A structured framework to effectively plan, schedule, control and execute turnarounds to improve operational excellence and asset integrity.
This paper is one of a series of Bonga themed papers proposed for OTC 2024.