bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracapsular Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Buccal Space: Management Dilemma
Authors: Anil D'Cruz , Mitali Dandekar , Devendra Chaukar , Shubhada Kane , Shashikant Juvekar 
Published: March 2010

AbstractObjectiveRare case of intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma in the buccal space with focus on its appropriate management.MethodCase report with review of current literature on buccal space lesions and intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma.ResultAlthough salivary gland tumors are common, intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is a rare entity especially within the buccal space with no similar case report in the current literature.ConclusionOur case is unusual due to its unusual presentation in the buccal space and pathological features. This case report also highlights issues regarding its appropriate management.
Colossal Malignant Nonteratoid Medulloepithelioma of the Eye with Unusual Metastases: The Natural History
Authors: Sajid Qureshi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundMedulloepithelioma is rare intraocular tumor seen predominantly in children, and arising mainly from undifferentiated nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body.MethodsWe present a typical neglected case of malignant nonteratoid medulloepithelioma of the eye with extensive metastases to the facial soft tissue parotid and cervical lymph nodes.ResultsAn aggressive surgical approach with orbital exenteration and comprehensive disease clearance with total parotidectomy and neck dissection augmented by postoperative radiotherapy was utilized after initial unsuccessful chemotherapy.ConclusionsThe present case highlights the natural history of untreated medulloepithelioma of the eye. Colossal growth at the primary site with extensive regional lymph node metastases develops without distant metastases. Complete surgical excision supplemented with postoperative radiotherapy should be considered even in the setting of advanced locoregional disease.
Carcinoma Larynx in Children
Authors: Pankaj Chaturvedi , Devendra Chaukar , Prathamesh Pai , Manish Julaha , Anil Pantvaidya Gauri D'Cruz 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCarcinoma of the larynx is uncommon in children 15 years of age or younger. Because of low index of suspicion, the diagnosis of childhood laryngeal carcinoma is often delayed. Other factors contributing to its delayed diagnosis are the similarity of its early symptoms to those of other benign, common childhood conditions and the relative difficulty encountered during pediatric laryngeal examination. Treatment of pediatric laryngeal cancers is challenging, because no guidelines are available.We believe that every single case of childhood laryngeal cancer should be reported, because of paucity of literature on this childhood entity, it is limited only to case reports and reviews. This makes treatment options and outcomes difficult to interpret.
Modifying interpretation and imagination in clinical depression: A single case series using cognitive bias modification
Authors: Blackwell Simon E. , Holmes Emily A. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe current cognitive bias modification (CBM) paradigm targets interpretation bias (CBM‐I) in depression via promoting positive imagery. We investigated the impact of repeated sessions of this CBM‐I on interpretation bias, mood and mental health in participants currently experiencing a major depressive episode. Seven participants completed daily sessions of CBM‐I at home for one week in a single case series. Outcome measures were completed pre and post a one‐week baseline period, and after the week of daily CBM‐I. Depressive symptoms were also assessed at a 2‐week follow‐up. Four of seven participants demonstrated improvements in mood, bias and/or mental health after one week of CBM‐I, with improvements in depressive symptoms maintained at follow‐up. Discussion of the remaining three highlights difficulties involved in translating CBM‐I interventions from the laboratory to the clinic. To bridge this gap, we suggest that it is critical to examine the failures as well as the successes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training the forgetting of negative words: The role of direct suppression and the relation to stress reactivity
Authors: LeMoult Joelle , Hertel Paula T. , Joormann Jutta 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated that people can be trained to forget negative material. This experiment assessed the possible benefit of direct suppression in addition to the benefit of thought substitutes (indirect suppression) on subsequent attempts to recall words. We also investigated the association between recall following suppression training and subsequent responses to an acute laboratory stressor. After learning cue‐target word pairs, participants completed a training phase in which they practiced suppressing targets and recalling substitutes or simply recalling substitutes with no instruction to suppress. Our results show similar effects of suppression condition on forgetting. Importantly, however, the absence of direct suppression predicted mood change in response to a subsequently presented laboratory stressor. These results suggest that direct suppression is not necessary for forgetting to occur, but it seems to protect against negative emotional consequences of interference‐induced forgetting. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defect‐Related Emissions and Magnetization Properties of ZnO Nanorods
Authors: Panigrahy Bharati , Aslam Mohammed , Misra Devi Shanker , Ghosh Manoranjan , Bahadur Dhirendra 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA clear correlation between defect‐related emissions and the magnetization of ZnO nanorods synthesized by a one‐step aqueous chemical method is demonstrated. The relative contribution of the emission bands arising from various types of defects is determined and found to be linked with the size of the nanorods and annealing conditions. When the size of the nanorods and the annealing temperature are increased, the magnetization of pure ZnO nanorods decreases with the reduction of a defect‐related band originating from singly charged oxygen vacancies ($V_{\rm o}^ +$). With a sufficient increase of annealing temperature (at 900 °C), the nanorods show diamagnetic behavior. Combining with the electron paramagnetic resonance results, a direct link between the magnetization and the relative occupancy of the singly charged oxygen vacancies present on the surface of ZnO nanorods is established.
Solar Energy Collectors with Tunable Transmission
Authors: Debije Michael G. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new type of “smart” window is proposed that makes use of fluorescent dye guests in a liquid‐crystal host sandwiched between glass panels. The dye absorbs a variable amount of light depending on its orientation, and re‐emits this light, of which a significant fraction is trapped by total internal reflection at the glass–air interface, and becomes concentrated along the edges. Such a device could both generate electricity via an attached photovoltaic as well as allow user control of the amount of transmitted light. By applying a voltage across the cell, absorption could be varied 31%, while the usable light output only varied 11% due to the increased efficiency of light collection at homeotropic dye orientation.
Glyconanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ligand Presentation
Authors: Wang Xin , Ramström Olof , Yan Mingdi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractGlyconanomaterials, nanomaterials carrying surface‐tethered carbohydrate ligands, have emerged and demonstrated increasing potential in biomedical imaging, therapeutics, and diagnostics. These materials combine the unique properties of nanometer‐scale objects with the ability to present multiple copies of carbohydrate ligands, greatly enhancing the weak affinity of individual ligands to their binding partners. Critical to the performance of glyconanomaterials is the proper display of carbohydrate ligands, taking into consideration of the coupling chemistry, the type and length of the spacer linkage, and the ligand density. This article provides an overview of the coupling chemistry for attaching carbohydrate ligands to nanomaterials, and discusses the need for thorough characterization of glyconanomaterials, especially quantitative analyses of the ligand density and binding affinities. Using glyconanoparticles synthesized by a versatile photocoupling chemistry, methods for determining the ligand density by colorimetry and the binding affinity with lectins by a fluorescence competition assay are determined. The results show that the multivalent presentation of carbohydrate ligands significantly enhances the binding affinity by several orders of magnitude in comparison to the free ligands in solution. The effect is sizeable even at low surface ligand density. The type and length of the spacer linkage also affect the binding affinity, with the longer linkage promoting the association of bound ligands with the corresponding lectins.
Multiproduct batch plants design using linear process performance models
Authors: Moreno Marta S. , Montagna Jorge M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this contribution, a novel linear generalized disjunctive programming (LGDP) model is developed for the design of multiproduct batch plants optimizing both process variables and the structure of the plant through the use of process performance models. These models describe unit operations using explicit expressions for the size and time factors as functions of the process variables with the highest impact. To attain a linear formulation, values of the process variables as well as unit sizes are selected from a set of meaningful discrete values provided by the designer. Regarding structural alternatives, both kinds of unit duplications in series and in parallel are considered in this approach. The inclusion of the duplication in series requires different detailed models that depend on the structure selected. Thus, in a new approach for the multiproduct batch plant design, a set of potential structural alternatives for the plant is defined. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
CFD simulations and particle image velocimetry measurements in an industrial scale rotating disc contactor
Authors: Drumm Christian , Hlawitschka Mark W. , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: March 2010

AbstractFluid dynamics of the single‐phase and two‐phase flow in a segment of a rotating disc contactor (RDC) liquid–liquid extraction column with 450 mm inner diameter were studied by performing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The fluid dynamics were investigated to test the predictivity of CFD at industrial scale. Different turbulence models in conjunction with the Eulerian approach were applied in the single‐phase and two‐phase simulations. The turbulent flow characteristics were analyzed by PIV measurements to validate the CFD simulations. An iso‐optical system composed of CaCl2/water–butylacetate allows for the two‐phase PIV measurements. Local turbulent energy dissipation was derived from velocity gradients in PIV data. In this connection, the influence of the PIV spatial resolution on the measured energy dissipation was also analyzed, and different fit functions were tested to scale the measured energy dissipation. Simulated velocity fields as well as the energy dissipation were compared with the experimental PIV data. The results from the simulations and experiments are in good agreement. The work shows that CFD can predict hydrodynamic characteristics even at bigger scales but is still subject to some minor restrictions. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Surface radiative transfer in gas‐to‐gas cocurrent microheat exchanger
Authors: Mahulikar Shripad P. , Herwig Heinz , Zhou Jing‐Wei , Sodhani Yash M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe influence of surface radiative transfer in parallel flow microheat exchanger is numerically studied for its importance at high temperatures and for small flow dimensions. For these heat exchangers, the role of radiation is beneficial when the convective heat transfer to the annulus flow exceeds the convective heat transfer from the core flow. For this case, radiation improves the heat exchanger performance by decreasing the logarithmic mean temperature difference and by increasing the capacity, effectiveness, and volumetric heat transfer coefficient. Additional surface area is made available for convection to the annulus flow, thereby increasing the specific heat transfer surface for fixed geometry. Therefore, a high emissivity layer over the surfaces of microheat exchanger can improve the heat exchange performance. The active heat transfer area weighted by the convective heat flow rates is introduced as the true measure of heat exchanger compactness. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
A low‐energy emulsification batch mixer for concentrated oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Caubet Sylvain , Le Guer Yves , Grassl Bruno , El Omari Kamal , Normandin Eric 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThis work shows the formation of a high internal phase ratio oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion using a new type of a two‐rod batch mixer. The mixture components have sharply different viscosities [1/3400 for water‐in‐oil (W/O)], similar densities (1/0.974 for W/O), and an O/W ratio of 91% (wt/wt). The simple design of this mixer leads to a low‐energy process (106 < energy density [J m−3] < 107), characterized by low rotational speed and laminar flow. The droplet size distribution during the emulsification was investigated according to different physical and formulation parameters such as stirring time (few minutes < t < 1 h), rotational speed (60 < Ω < 120 rpm), surfactant type (Triton X‐405 and X‐100), concentration (from 1 to 15.9 wt % in water), and salt addition (30 g/L). We show that all studied parameters allow a precise control of the droplet size distribution and the rheology. The resulting emulsions are unimodal and the mean droplet diameter is between 30 μm and 8 μm. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Hazardous task recognition among U.S. adolescents working in the retail or service industry
Authors: Vladutiu Catherine J. , Rauscher Kimberly J. , Runyan Carol W. , Schulman Michael , Villaveces Andrés 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the hazardous tasks adolescent workers perform in service and retail industries are well documented, little is known about the extent to which young workers recognize these tasks as hazardous or dangerous.MethodsUsing data from a nationally representative cross‐sectional telephone survey conducted in 2003, we examined hazardous task recognition among 858 adolescents working in the retail or service industry.ResultsApproximately 13% (n = 123) of respondents reported that they consider at least one of their job tasks to be hazardous or dangerous. Among the respondents who performed tasks known to be hazardous, very few actually recognized these tasks as being hazardous or dangerous.ConclusionWorking adolescents appear to underestimate the dangers associated with work, thus increasing the potential likelihood of injury. Emphasis should be placed on eliminating or reducing hazards in the workplace while simultaneously improving young workers' recognition of the hazardous nature of many of the tasks they perform. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:686–692, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The P‐value illusion: How to improve (psychiatric) genetic studies
Authors: Niculescu Alexander B. , Le‐Niculescu Helen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThere is an emerging appreciation that genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have failed to live up to expectations and deliver major advances to date. A “surge” strategy, of pooling resources and increasing number of subjects tested, is underway. We argue that, while useful, it will not be enough by itself. Complementary approaches are needed to mine these large datasets. We describe a series of problems, opportunities, and offer a potential comprehensive solution. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and properties of partially conjugated hyperbranched light‐emitting polymers
Authors: Lu Chunliang , Wang Haiqiao , Wang Xiaochen , Li Yongfang , Oiu Teng , He Lifan , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2010

AbstractVia A2 + B4 and A2 + B3 [where A2 is 1,4‐distyrylol‐2,5‐butoxybenzene, B3 is 1,1,1‐tris‐(p‐tosyloxymethyl)‐propane, and B4 is pentaerythritol tetra(methyl benzene sulfonate)] approaches, we synthesized two kinds of partially conjugated hyperbranched polymers, hyperbranched polymer with 3 arms (HP1) and hyperbranched polymer with 4 arms (HP2), which had rigid conjugated segments [oligo‐poly(phenylene vinylene)] and flexible, nonconjugated spacers arranged alternately through ether bonds in the skeleton. The conjugated segments were modified by pendant butoxy groups, which imparted the resulting polymers with excellent solubility in common organic solvents and excellent film‐forming abilities. Fourier transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to identify the structure of the monomers and polymers. Thermal property investigations showed that two polymers both had good thermal stability with their decomposition temperatures in the range 396–405°C and high glass‐transition temperatures, which are of benefit to the fabrication of high‐performance light‐emitting devices. The photophysical properties were studied, and the relative photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of HP1 and HP2 in dilute chloroform solution amounted to 56.8 and 49.3%, respectively. A brief light‐emitting diode device with a configuration of indium tin oxide/HP1/Ca/Al was fabricated, and its electroluminescence performance was studied. The brightness of the device reached an optimistic maximum of 190 cd/m2 at 8.2 V. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Surface initiated ATRP of acrylic acid on dopamine‐functionalized AAO membranes
Authors: Wang Wen‐Cai , Wang Jin , Liao Yuan , Zhang Liqun , Cao Bing , Song Guojun , She Xilin 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA facile method for surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) on the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes has been developed. The AAO membrane was firstly functionalized by poly(dopamine), the bromoalkyl initiator was then immobilized on the poly(dopamine) functionalized AAO membrane surface in a two‐step solid‐phase reaction, followed by ATRP of acrylic acid in a aqueous solution. The poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc)‐grafted AAO membranes were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The XPS and FTIR results indicated that PAAc was successfully grafted on the AAO membrane surface. The degree of grafting increases linearly with the increase of monomer concentration, and it reaches a plateau when the reaction time up to 4 h. The results indicate that the thickness of the grafted polymer inside the isocylindrical pores of AAO membranes could be well controlled by changing the reaction time and monomer concentration. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Molecular imprinting micropolymerbeads having cooperative effect of both surfactant and inosine template
Authors: Kusunoki Takayuki , Kobayashi Takaomi 
Published: March 2010

AbstractMolecular imprinted polymer (MIP) microbeads were prepared by emulsion copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and methacrylic acid (MAA) in the presence of inosine (INO) template and laurylbenzenesulfonic acid (LBSA) as surfactant. The polymerization was carried out at 55°C under ultrasound exposure. The resulting copolymer microbeads, having 0.1–0.4 μm diameter, were observed to have a binding behavior of INO and surfactant to the polymer which was strongly dependent of the bulk pH; for example, at pH 3, 6, and 10 values of binding for INO to the imprinted copolymer were 3.7 μmol/g, 2.1 μmol/g, and 0 μmol/g, respectively. It was found that LBSA surfactant bound to the MIP microbeads similarly depending on pHs. At pH 3, 6, and 10, the LBSA values of binding were 23 μmol/g, 1.3 μmol/g, and 4.8 μmol/g. It was also noted that the surfactant binding was enhanced in the presence of the INO template. This demonstrated that a cooperative binding with the surfactant was cooperatively occurred in the presence of INO. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Epoxy and hyperbranched polymer blends: Morphology and free volume
Authors: Ratna Debdatta , Simon George P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn this work, the phase separation of an epoxy‐functionalized hyperbranched polymer (HBP) in a blend with a conventional epoxy resin is examined. Morphology development with the advancement of curing reaction was investigated by hot‐stage polarized optical microscope, where it was found that HBP is miscible in epoxy resin solvent at 120°C and undergoes phase separation during the curing reaction, leading to a two‐phase microstructure which maintains a dispersed morphology up to 20 wt % HBP. The degree of phase separation and morphology were also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, and the resultant microstructure was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. The epoxy/HBP blends were characterized by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy for their free volume characteristics where behavior typical of miscible blends was seen, likely due to chemical bonding between the two phases. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Cellulose acetate membrane synthesis from biomass of ramie
Authors: Fan Xiu‐Shan , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Liu Zhong‐Wen , Lu Jian 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA new route was developed for preparation of cellulose acetate (CA) membrane from ramie fiber, a sustainable biomass. Sulfuric acid catalyzed acetylation of ramie fiber was carried out in acetic anhydride. The optimum reaction conditions were determined as ramie fiber to acetic anhydride ratio 1 : 6 (w/w), temperature 353 K, and reaction time 0.5 h. To prepare CA membranes with improved properties, CA was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG 600, MW = 600 g/mol−1) and tributyl citrate (TBC). The effects of CA content and additive concentrations given by a mixture design of experiments on CA membrane compaction, morphology, water flux, water content, and mechanical properties were studied. The thermal stability and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of membranes prepared with PEG 600 or TBC additives were also investigated. Addition of PEG 600 increased and addition of TBC decreased the thermal stability of CA membrane. The CA membranes prepared were used to separate dyes from their solutions. An inverse trend of the separation of solutions of Disperse Red S‐R (DR) and Acid Scarlet 2G (AC) was observed for CA membranes modified with PEG 600 or TBC. The contact angle of CA membranes modified with PEG 600 or TBC decreased with increase in PEG 600 content, and increased with increase in TBC content. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010