bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of short rib polydactyly syndrome type IV (Beemer–Langer syndrome) with cystic hygroma: A case report
Authors: Taori Kishor B. , Sharbidre Kedar G. , Krishnan Vijay , Kundargi Nischal , Kulkarni Bipin R. , Satkar Vinay , Bopche Sneha 
Published: May 2009

AbstractShort rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS) is a very rare congenital autosomal recessive inherited disease, classified into four subtypes. It has distinct imaging findings on prenatal sonography (US) and ancillary findings on both pre‐ and postnatal examinations may help classify individual cases into one of four subtypes. We report the US findings in a case of SRPS type IV (Beemer–Langer dysplasia) in a male fetus with multiple congenital anomalies, including cystic hygroma. The postnatal ultrasound, radiographic, and postmortem examinations helped to classify the SRPS as type IV. We believe this is the first documented case associating cystic hygroma and polydactyly. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009
Synthesis and in vitro study of a new class of methylene‐bis‐4,6‐diarylbenzo[d]isoxazoles as potential antifungal agents
Authors: Srinivas A. , Nagaraj A. , Sanjeeva Reddy Ch. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA new class of methylene‐bis‐4,6‐diarylbenzo[d]isoxazoles 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i was synthesized by the reaction of methylene‐bis‐aryl‐6‐hydroxymethylene‐2‐cyclohexenone 6 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, followed by aromatization with DDQ. Chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by their IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. Furthermore, all the compounds were screened for their antifungal activity against various fungi and compared with their monomeric compounds. Among the synthesized compounds, 8b, 8g, and 8i were found to be the most active against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Aspergillus fumigatus (HIC 6094), Trichophyton rubrum (IFO 9185), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (IFO 40996). It is interesting to note that the compounds 8a, 8g, and 8i showed fungicidal activity toward C. albicans at the concentration of 3.12 μg/mL, which is less than the concentration of standard Amphotericin B. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 497 (2009).
A facile and efficient synthesis of novel pyrimido[5,4‐b][4,7]phenanthroline‐9,11(7H,8H,10H,12H)‐dione derivatives via microwave‐assisted multicomponent reactions
Authors: Shi Feng , Yan Shu , Zhou Dianxiang , Tu Shujiang , Zou Xiang , Hao Wenjuan , Zhang Xiaohong , Han Zhengguo , Wu Shanshan , Cao Xudong 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA series of novel pyrimido[5,4‐b][4,7]phenanthroline‐9,11(7H,8H,10H,12H)‐dione derivatives were synthesized via microwave‐assisted three‐component reactions of barbituric acid, aldehyde, and quinolin‐6‐amine in DMF without catalyst. This facile synthesis not only offers an economical and efficient synthetic strategy to this class of significant compounds but also enriches the investigations on microwave‐assisted multicomponent reactions. Moreover, this protocol has the prominent advantages of short reaction time, good yields, low cost, easy operation, as well as environmental‐friendliness. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 563 (2009).
The synthesis of 4‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐f]quinolin‐2‐yl)pyrazoles and 4‐(3,3‐dimethyl‐3H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐h]quinolin‐2‐yl)pyrazoles
Authors: Rashidi A. , Afghan A. , Baradarani Mehdi M. , Joule John A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified image5‐Hydrazinoquinoline and 8‐hydrazinoquinoline were converted via Fischer syntheses with 3‐methyl‐butan‐2‐one into pyrido‐indolenines 2,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐f]quinoline 7 and 2,3,3‐trimethyl‐3H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐h]quinoline 11, respectively. Exposure of the indolenines to the Vilsmeier reagent produced aminomethylene‐malondialdehydes 8 and 12, which reacted with hydrazine or arylhydrazines to give 4‐(3H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐f]quinolin‐2‐yl)‐ and 4‐(3H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐h]quinolin‐2‐yl)‐pyrazoles, 9 and 13. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 428 (2009).
The alkylation of isatin‐derived oximes: Spectroscopic and X‐ray crystallographic structural characterization of oxime and nitrone products
Authors: Sin Ny , Venables Brian L. , Liu Xiaohong , Huang Stella , Gao Qi , Ng Alicia , Dalterio Richard , Rajamani Ramkumar , Meanwell Nicholas A. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageA series of isatin oximes was alkylated with alkyl halides and under Mitsunobu conditions to generate O‐alkylated oxime ether and N‐alkylated nitrone products. Alkylation of the sodium salts of oximes 5a and 5b with alkyl iodides produced predominantly the N‐alkylated nitrones (E)‐7 while alkylation of 5a and 5b with the harder electrophiles alkyl bromides and alkyl chlorides, gave mostly the O‐alkylated products, oxime ethers (E)‐6. Interestingly, alkylation of oxime 5b under Mitsunobu conditions with isopropyl alcohol produced the N‐alkylated nitrone (E)‐7bd as the major product. However, alkylation of oxime 5c, which incorporates a sterically bulky bromine substituent at the C‐4 position of the isatin heterocycle, with 2‐bromo‐ and 2‐iodo‐propane or with isopropyl alcohol under Mitsunobu conditions gave exclusively the O‐alkylated product, oxime ether (Z)‐6cd. The oxime ether and nitrone products (E)‐6 and (E)‐7, respectively, were characterized by LC/MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. In addition, the structures of oxime ether (E)‐6bd and nitrone (E)‐7ad were determined by X‐ray crystallography. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 432 (2009).
A facile electrochemical method for the synthesis of 5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐ylthio‐benzene‐1,2‐diol derivatives
Authors: Fakhari Ali Reza , Hosseiny Davarani Saied Saeed , Ahmar Hamid , Hasheminasab Kobra , Khavasi Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageElectrochemical oxidation of catechols to corresponding o‐quinones was successfully performed in aqueous solution by electrolysis at the controlled potentials. Quinones derived from catechols, participate in Michael addition reactions with 5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐thiol and via EC mechanism, converted to corresponding 5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐ylthio‐benzene‐1,2‐diol derivatives (4 and 4′). The products have been characterized using IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, X‐ray, and mass spectral data. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 443 (2009).
Synthesis, structure, and some chemical properties of diferrocenyl‐1,2,3‐triazines
Authors: Klimova Elena I. , Klimova Tatiana , Álamo Marcos Flores , Iturbide Daniel Méndez , García Marcos Martínez 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageThe reactions of 1‐amino‐2,3‐diferrocenylcyclopropenylium tetrafluoroborate (5a, 5b, 5c) or 2,3‐diferrocenyl‐1‐methylthiocyclopropenylium iodide with sodium azide afford 5‐amino‐4,6‐diferrocenyl‐1,2,3‐triazines (7a, 7b, 7c) or 5‐methylthio‐4,6‐diferrocenyl‐ and 4‐methylthio‐5,6‐diferrocenyl‐1,2,3‐triazines (8a and 8b), respectively. Their structures were established using spectroscopic methods and that of compound 8a was confirmed using X‐ray diffraction analysis. Triazines 5a, 5b, 5c react with alkyl iodides to yield N(2)‐ and N‐alkyl‐C(5)‐derivatives. Their alkaline hydrolysis results in 2‐methyl‐4,6‐diferrocenyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐1,2,3‐triazin‐5‐one (16) and 4,6‐diferrocenyl‐5‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐triazine (17). J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 477 (2009).
Insertion and fragmentation of 2‐ferrocenylmethylidene‐1, 3‐diketones upon their reactions with N‐methylhydrazine
Authors: Klimova Elena I. , Vázquez López Eduardo A. , Martínez Mendoza Juan M. , Ramírez Lena Ruíz , Alamo Marcos Flores , Backinowsky Leon V. 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageReactions of 2‐ferrocenylmethylidene‐1,3‐diketones (1a, 1b, 1c) with methylhydrazine afford mainly insertion products (∼40–58%), viz., 1‐(N′‐acyl‐N′‐methylhydrazino)‐1‐ferrocenyl‐2‐acylethanes (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d), together with lesser amounts of pyrazoles (8a, 8b) and dihydropyrazoles (9a, 9b). J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 484 (2009).
Stereoselective synthesis and biological activities of diethyl (E)‐{[4‐cyano‐5‐[[(disubstitutedamino)methylene]amino]‐3‐(methylthio)‐ 1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]substituited phenylmethyl}phosphonates
Authors: Xiao Lin‐Xia , Shi De‐Qing 
Published: May 2009

Abstract
magnified imageDiethyl {[5‐amino‐4‐cyano‐3‐(methylthio)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]substitutedphenylmethyl}phosphonates 3 were efficiently synthesized via the condensation of [(1‐hydrazino)substitutedphenylmethyl]phosphonates 1 with 2‐[bis(methylthio)methylene]malononitrile 2. 3 reacted with triethyl orthoformate to afford diethyl (E)‐{[4‐cyano‐5‐[(ethoxymethylene)amino]‐3‐(methylthio)‐1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl]substitutedphenylmethyl}phosphonates 4, which reacted with various secondary amines at room temperature to provide the target compounds 5 in good yields. Their structures were confirmed by ir, 1H and 31P NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The results of preliminary bioassay indicated that compounds 5 possess potent herbicidal activity against the roots of dicotyledonous (oil rape) plants at the dosage of 100 mg/L, and compounds 5c and 5g exhibit 80.8% and 76.7% inhibitory activity against Colletotrichum gossypi at the concentration of 50 mg/L, respectively. Abstract end data: J. Heterocyclic Chem., 46, 555 (2009).
Patient readmissions, emergency visits, and adverse events after software‐assisted discharge from hospital: Cluster randomized trial
Authors: Graumlich James F. , Novotny Nancy L. , Stephen Nace G. , Kaushal Himangi , Ibrahim‐Ali Waleed , Theivanayagam Shoba , William Scheibel L. , Aldag Jean C. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:One of the causes of postdischarge adverse events is poor discharge communication between hospital‐based physicians, patients, and outpatient physicians. The value of hospital discharge software to improve communication and clinically relevant outcomes is unknown.OBJECTIVE:To measure effects of a discharge software application of computerized physician order entry (CPOE).DESIGN:Cluster randomized controlled trial.SETTING:Tertiary care, teaching hospital in central Illinois.PATIENTS:A total of 631 inpatients discharged to home with high risk for readmission.INTERVENTION:Seventy internal medicine hospital physicians were randomly assigned (allocation concealed) to discharge software versus usual care, handwritten discharge.MEASUREMENTS:Blinded assessment of patient readmission, emergency department visit, and postdischarge adverse event.RESULTS:A total of 590 (94%) patients provided 6‐month follow‐up data. Generalized estimating equations gave intervention variable coefficients with 95% confidence interval (CI). When comparing patients assigned to discharge software versus usual care, there was no difference in hospital readmission within 6 months (37.0% versus 37.8%; coefficient −0.005 [95% CI, −0.074 to 0.065]; P = 0.894), emergency department visit within 6 months (35.4% versus 40.6%; coefficient −0.052 [95% CI, −0.115 to 0.011]; P = 0.108), or adverse event within 1 month (7.3% versus 7.3%; coefficient 0.003 [95% CI; −0.037 to 0.043]; P = 0.884).CONCLUSIONS:Discharge software with CPOE did not affect readmissions, emergency department visits, or adverse events after discharge. Future studies should assess other endpoints such as patient perceptions or physician perceptions to see if discharge software has value. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2009;4:E11–E19. © 2009 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Pushing lenders to over‐comply with environmental regulations: A developing country perspective
Authors: Kulkarni Parashar 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the past few years, the number of lenders adopting voluntary environmental codes, such as the Equator Principles, is increasing. The main reasons for this form of over‐compliance include warm glow preferences of agents, credit risk and incentives arising from regulation. Empirical evidence suggests that lenders that over‐comply are generally bigger than those that don't. In particular, they are likely to be MNCs. In addition, the behaviour of over‐complying lenders differs from other lenders, for instance they are more likely to incorporate environmental risks in their lending practices. In the context of developing countries, incentives that promote over‐compliance exist to much lesser degree. Analysing the regulatory environment in developing countries, we find no compelling reason for regulators to encourage voluntary initiatives such as the Equator Principles. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of the Asian financial crisis on bank efficiency: The 1997 experience of Malaysia and Thailand
Authors: Sufian Fadzlan 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the mid‐1990s, the East Asian countries experienced severe financial crisis that were followed by deep economic downturns. A variety of methodologies have been used to understand the nature of the Asian financial crisis. However, the impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis on the efficiency of the financial industry has yet to be studied. By employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach the present study attempts to examine for the first time the impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis on the efficiency of the Malaysian and Thailand banking sectors, two of the East Asian countries that were severely affected by the crisis. The study focuses on three major approaches vis., intermediation, value added and operating approaches. The results clearly bring forth the high degree of inefficiency in the Malaysian and Thailand banking sectors, particularly a year after the crisis. We find that the Malaysian banking sector has exhibited a higher TE levels during the post crisis period under the intermediation and value added approaches, while TE seems to be lower under the operating approach. The empirical findings suggest that the Thailand banking sector has exhibited a lower TE level during the post crisis period under all approaches. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and synthesis of sulfur‐35 agents and their applications for protein labeling
Authors: Ren Sumei , McNamara Paul , Koharski David , Hesk David , Borges Scott 
Published: May 2009

AbstractTwo new 35S reagents were developed to radiolabel proteins. The first reagent, N‐succinimidyl‐4‐(methane [35S]sulfonylamino‐methyl)‐benzoate (SMSB), acylates the ε‐amino group of lysine residues in proteins. The second reagent, 4‐(methane [35S]sulfonylamino‐methyl)‐phenylpropylaldehyde (MSAPPA), labels lysine residues via reductive alkylation. Comparing the two methods, the reductive alkylation method labeled proteins over a broader pH range with higher overall radiochemical yield. More than ten monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been labeled with these 35S labeling reagents, the biological activity of the mAbs was unchanged. Part of this work was presented in the Ninth International Symposium on the Synthesis and Applications of Isotopically Labelled Compounds, Edinburgh, 16–20 July 2006. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of American and international prototypes of successful managers
Authors: Lankau Melenie J. , Chung Beth G. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractIn the present study, similarities and differences between prototypes of successful managers were examined across four cultural groups: Americans, Europeans, Asians, and Latin Americans. Managers from the hospitality industry (N = 366) used an 84–item attribute inventory to rate a successful middle manager. In addition, Americans' stereotypes of ethnic managers were compared with prototypes held by managers from those ethnic cultures. Specifically, American managers' perceptions of Asian and Hispanic managers were compared against Asian and Hispanic/Latin American managers' prototypes. A high level of correspondence in prototype characteristics was found across the four cultural groups. In addition, American‐defined ethnic manager stereotypes also contained profiles similar to cultural prototypes. However, important differences were also detected on many managerial characteristics. Implications of the findings for cross‐cultural congruence and areas for future research are discussed.
Intercultural and sustainable leadership: A professional program for emerging educational leaders
Authors: Frawley Jack 
Published: May 2009

AbstractThis research reports on an investigation into the changing perspectives of educational leaders from the Asia‐Pacific region attending an AusAID‐funded Australian Leadership Award Fellowships (ALAF) program hosted by Australian Catholic University's (ACU National) Flagship for Creative and Authentic Leadership (the Flagship). The ALAF program aimed to strengthen the capacity of educational leaders from the Asia‐Pacific region to work more effectively in education systems and to better manage the competing demands of governments, education bureaucracies, educational organizations, and funding agencies. The research focused on how the Fellows viewed leadership, and how they viewed themselves as leaders before and at the conclusion of the program. What emerged was a growing interest in intercultural leadership and the concern for sustainable leadership.
Gape and bite force in the rodents Onychomys leucogaster and Peromyscus maniculatus: Does jaw‐muscle anatomy predict performance?
Authors: Williams Susan H. , Peiffer Erika , Ford Sonya 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCompared with the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, the grasshopper mouse, Onychomys leucogaster, exhibits modifications in its jaw‐muscle architecture that promote wide gapes and large bite forces at wide gapes to prey upon large vertebrate prey. In this study, we determine whether jaw‐muscle anatomy predicts gape and biting performance in O. leucogaster, and we also assess the influence of gape on bite force in the two species. Although O. leucogaster has an absolutely longer jaw, which facilitates larger gapes, maximum passive gape is similar in both species, averaging ∼12.5 mm. Thus, when scaled to jaw length, O. leucogaster has a smaller maximum passive gape. These results suggest that predatory behaviors of O. leucogaster may not require remarkably large gapes. On the other hand, both absolute and relative bite forces exerted by O. leucogaster are significantly larger than those of P. maniculatus. The largest bite forces in both species occur at 5.0 mm of gape at the incisors, or 40% of maximum gape. Although bite force in both species decreases at larger gapes, O. leucogaster does maintain a larger percentage of maximum bite force at gapes larger than 40% of maximum passive gape. Therefore, although structural modifications in the masticatory apparatus of O. leucogaster may constrain gape, they may help to maintain bite force at large gapes. These results suggest that increases in gape differentially influence the length‐tension properties of the jaw muscles in the two species. Finally, these results highlight the importance of considering the effect of muscle stretch on force production in comparative studies of bite force. As a first approximation, it appears that gapes of 40–50% of maximum gape in rodents optimizes bite force production at the incisors. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combinatorial de novo design and application of a biomimetic affinity ligand for the purification of human anti‐HIV mAb 4E10 from transgenic tobacco
Authors: Platis Dimitris , Maltezos Anastasios , Ma Julian K‐C. , Labrou Nikolaos E. 
Published: May 2009

AbstractMonoclonal anti‐HIV antibody 4E10 (mAb 4E10) is one of the most broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV, directed against a specific epitope on envelope protein gp41. In the present study, a combinatorial de novo design approach was used for the development of a biomimetic ligand for the affinity purification of mAb 4E10 from tobacco transgenic extract in a single chromatographic step. The biomimetic ligand (4E10lig) was based on a L‐Phe/β‐Ala bi‐substituted 1,3,5‐triazine (Trz) scaffold (β‐Ala‐Trz‐L‐Phe, 4E10lig) which potentially mimics the more pronounced electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions of mAb 4E10‐binding sequence determined by screening of a random peptide library. This library was comprised of Escherichia coli cells harboring a plasmid (pFlitrx) engineered to express a fusion protein containing random dodecapeptides that were inserted into the active loop of thioredoxin, which itself was inserted into the dispensable region of the flagellin gene. Adsorption equilibrium studies with this biomimetic ligand and mAb 4E10 determined a dissociation constant (KD) of 0.41 ± 0.05 µM. Molecular modeling studies of the biomimetic ligand revealed that it can potentially occupy the same binding site as the natural binding core peptide epitope. The biomimetic affinity adsorbent was exploited in the development of a facile mAb 4E10 purification protocol, affording mAb 4E10 of high purity (approximately 95%) with good overall yield (60–80%). Analysis of the antibody preparation by SDS‐PAGE, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and western blot showed that the mAb 4E10 was fully active and free of degraded variants, polyphenols, and alkaloids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High prevalence of human papillomavirus type 58 in patients with cervical pre‐malignant lesions in southern Brazil
Authors: Paesi Suelen , Serafini Eduardo Pretto , Barea Fernanda , Madi Sonia Regina Cabral , Echeverrigaray Sergio 
Published: May 2009

AbstractCervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Several human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, sexual behavior, and socioeconomic profile represent major risk factors for the development of this carcinoma. Cervical invasive cancer is preceded by cellular abnormalities that can be identified by cytological or histological exams. In order to determine the prevalence and genotypes of HPV in women with abnormal cytology or histopathology, cervical cell samples from 256 patients were evaluated for the presence of HPV/DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by virus genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A total of 113 samples (51.2%) were HPV/DNA positive. Viral genotyping showed that the most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 (34.7%) and 58 (13.8%), followed by HPV 33 (9.72%), 11 (8.33%), 18 (5.55%), 53 (5.55%), and 6 (4.2%). Four samples (5.55%) exhibited multiple infections due to the great similarity of socioeconomic characteristics and sexual behavior of HPV positive women, it was not possible to establish a risk profile for female HPV infection. J. Med. Virol. 81:1270–1275, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.