bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the physical and genetic structure of the lodgepole pine × jack pine hybrid zone: mosaic structure and differential introgression
Authors: Cullingham Catherine I. , James Patrick M. A. , Cooke Janice E. K. , Coltman David W. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the physical and genetic structure of hybrid zones can illuminate factors affecting their formation and stability. In north‐centralAlberta, lodgepole pine (Pinus contortaDougl. exLoud. var.latifolia) and jack pine (Pinus banksianaLamb) form a complex and poorly defined hybrid zone. Better knowledge of this zone is relevant, given the recent host expansion of mountain pine beetle into jack pine. We characterized the zone by genotyping 1998 lodgepole, jack pine, and hybrids fromBritishColumbia,Alberta,Saskatchewan,Ontario, andMinnesota at 11 microsatellites. UsingBayesian algorithms, we calculated genetic ancestry and used this to model the relationship between species occurrence and environment. In addition, we analyzed the ancestry of hybrids to calculate the genetic contribution of lodgepole and jack pine. Finally, we measured the amount of gene flow between the pure species. We found the distribution of the pine classes is explained by environmental variables, and these distributions differ from classic distribution maps. Hybrid ancestry was biased toward lodgepole pine; however, gene flow between the two species was equal. The results of this study suggest that the hybrid zone is complex and influenced by environmental constraints. As a result of this analysis, range limits should be redefined.
Distribution of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) biotypes and their associated symbiotic bacteria on host plants in West Africa
Authors: GNANKINÉ OLIVIER , MOUTON LAURENCE , HENRI HÉLÈNE , TERRAZ GABRIEL , HOUNDETÉ THOMAS , MARTIN THIBAUD , VAVRE FABRICE , FLEURY FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: May 2012

Abstract.  1. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a pest of many agricultural and ornamental crops worldwide and particularly in Africa. B. tabaci is a complex of more than 20 biotypes. Effective control of B. tabaci calls for a greater knowledge of the local biological diversity in terms of biotypes or putative species. Information is available about biotype distribution in Northern, Eastern, and Southern Africa, but data for Western Africa remain very scarce. At the time of this study, data were available for only three sampling sites in Burkina Faso, where three biotypes have been detected, the native Sub‐Saharan Africa non‐Silver Leafing (AnSL), the Sub‐Saharan Africa Silverleafing (ASL), and the Mediterranean Q biotypes, but no information is available about their respective distributions on host plant species (Gueguen et al., 2010).2. Our study describes the biotypes and symbiotic bacterial communities of B. tabaci sampled in three West African countries, Burkina Faso, Benin, and Togo. A total of 527 individuals were collected from seven cultivated host plants.3. In the 20 localities studied, we found the same three biotypes AnSL, ASL, and Q previously detected in Burkina Faso. These biotypes display a specific pattern of geographical distribution influenced by the host plant species. In Benin and Togo, the ASL and AnSL biotypes were predominant, while in Burkina Faso, the Q biotype was dominant, with two sub‐groups, Q1 and Q3 (recorded to date only in this country), and ASL individuals found in sympatry with Q1 individuals in some localities. As previously reported, each biotype and each genetic group harbours a specific community of symbiotic bacteria.
The diagnostic significance of Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography in Sjögren syndrome, aqueous tear deficiency and lipid tear deficiency patients
Authors: Qiu Xiaodi , Gong Lan , Lu Yi , Jin Huan , Robitaille Mark 
Published: May 2012

Abstract.Purpose:  To determine the role of Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT) in tear meniscus imaging and evaluate its diagnostic significance in Sjögren syndrome (SS), non‐Sjögren’s aqueous tear deficiency (ATD) and lipid tear deficiency (LTD) patients.Methods:  Two hundred and thirty‐six dry eye patients and 174 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. All subjects were grouped as follows: group A (ATD), group B (LTD), group C (SS) and group D (normal controls). All subjects underwent dry eye questionnaire, FD‐OCT scanning, tear film break‐up time (BUT), corneal fluorescence staining and Schirmer I test (SIT). Tear meniscus height (TMH), tear meniscus depth (TMD) and tear meniscus cross‐sectional area (TMA) were measured using FD‐OCT (RTVue‐100). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the cut‐off point were determined using a logistic regression model.Results:  Mean TMH, TMD, TMA, BUT and SIT of dry eye patients were significantly lower than those of the controls (p < 0.05). Tear meniscus values were significantly decreased in patients with SS compared with ATD and LTD patients. Tear meniscus values were significantly correlated with clinical examination results in all groups. Accuracy of dry eye diagnosis by FD‐OCT is highest in patients with SS and lowest in LTD patients. The clinical diagnostic critical points were quite different between groups.Conclusions:  Fourier‐domain optical coherence tomography could provide precise measurement of the tear meniscus with favourable repeatability. Diagnostic significance is more conspicuous in patients with SS. Tear meniscus measurement by FD‐OCT is expected to become a valuable technique in ATD dry eye screening and diagnosis.
Long-run health effects of cost-related non-adherence to prescribed medications among adults in late midlife
Authors: Jensen Gail A , Li Yong 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Objectives
Sub-optimal adherence to prescribed medications due to cost is known to have adverse health effects over 2–4 years, but little is known about its longer run effects. Here we quantify whether and how cost-related non-adherence (CRN) influences the risk of adverse health events over a 10-year period.

Methods
Nationally representative 1994–2004 data from the Health and Retirement Study, conducted by the US University of Michigan, are analyzed for 2460 adults aged 50–59 years in 1994 who were regularly taking medication(s) and had one or more chronic health conditions at baseline (hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, lung problems, arthritis or had experienced a heart attack or stroke). Regression models are estimated to quantify CRN's effects on the risk of four different adverse health events, paying careful attention to the potential endogeneity of CRN.

Key findings
Patients who underused medication(s) due to cost are significantly more likely to see new chronic conditions emerge, to be hospitalized, to experience a heart attack or stroke and to see problems develop limiting their ability to work. We also find the more frequent the CRN, the more probable each of these outcomes.

Conclusions
Adults in late midlife with chronic conditions who underuse medications for cost reasons place themselves at much higher risk for serious adverse events over the long run.
Improving type 2 diabetes patients' quality of life by using a community based interactive approach – diabetes mellitus strategy in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Hartayu Titien S , Mohamed Izham Mohamed I , Suryawati Sri 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to improve diabetes patients' quality of life (QOL) by using a community based interactive approach – diabetes mellitus (CBIA-DM) strategy.

Methods
This study was a time-series pre and post quasi-experimental with control groups design. Inclusion criteria were adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), had not attended a diabetes education programme in the last 2 years, were literate and had completed all activities required over the 6-month study period. The intervention group was CBIA-DM and the control groups were DM club and normal care. Data were collected pre, immediately after, 1, 3 and 6 months' post intervention using the World Health Organization QOL–bref (Bahasa Indonesia version) and scored as good, fair and poor. Improvement of QOL was assessed by how much the number of participants at the ‘good’ level increased and was sustained until 6 months' post intervention.

Key finding
The QOL of diabetes patients with can be improved using CBIA-DM strategy (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Given the WHOQOL–bref usage, such an approach can also be applied for other chronic diseases.
Teachers’ Oral Proficiency in the Target Language: Research on Its Role in Language Teaching and Learning
Authors: Chambless Krista S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractIn the past decade, the foreign language (FL) profession has established standards for beginning language teachers that are used by accrediting agencies and state licensing agencies to make decisions regarding teacher preparation program recognition and teacher certification. Among these expectations is the requirement that beginning teachers demonstrate a minimum level of Advanced‐Low on the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines for Speaking. Consequently, the role that teachers’ oral proficiency in the target language (TL) plays in classroom instruction has become a critical issue in the field of FL education. This review presents current research related to teachers’ TL proficiency and its impact on classroom practices, teacher effectiveness, and student learning. The article raises questions that merit investigation in future research as it strives to clarify the role that teacher TL proficiency plays in classroom instruction and learning of the TL.
Effect of Coadministration of Vancomycin and BMP-2 on Cocultured Staphylococcus aureus and W-20-17 Mouse Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
In Vitro
Authors: Nguyen A. H. , Kim S. , Maloney W. J. , Wenke J. C. , Yang Y. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

In this study, we aimed to establish an
in vitro
bacterium/bone cell coculture model system and to use this model for dose dependence studies of dual administration of antibiotics and growth factors
in vitro
. We examined the effect of single or dual administration of the antibiotic vancomycin (VAN) at 0 to 16 μg/ml and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) at 0 or 100 ng/ml on both methicillin-sensitive
Staphylococcus aureus
and mouse bone marrow stromal cells (W-20-17) under both mono- and coculture conditions. Cell metabolic activity, Live/Dead staining, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) amounts, and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured to assess cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. An interleukin-6 (IL-6) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to test the bone cell inflammation response in the presence of bacteria. Our results suggest that, when delivered together in coculture, VAN and BMP-2 maintain their primary functions as an antibiotic and a growth factor, respectively. Most interestingly, this dual-delivery type of approach has shown itself to be effective at lower concentrations of VAN than those required for an approach relying strictly on the antibiotic. It may be that BMP-2 enhances cell proliferation and differentiation before the cells become infected. In coculture, a dosage of VAN higher than that used for treatment in monoculture may be necessary to effectively inhibit growth of
Staphylococcus aureus
. This could mean that the coculture environment may be limiting the efficacy of VAN, possibly by way of bacterial invasion of the bone cells. This report of a coculture study demonstrates a potential beneficial effect of the coadministration of antibiotics and growth factors compared to treatment with antibiotic alone.
Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal and Intravenous Fosfomycin in Automated Peritoneal Dialysis Patients without Peritonitis
Authors: Tobudic Selma , Matzneller Peter , Stoiser Brigitte , Wenisch Judith Maria , Zeitlinger Markus , Vychytil Andreas , Jaeger Walter , Boehmdorfer Michaela , Reznicek Gottfried , Burgmann Heinz 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
Blood and dialysate concentrations of fosfomycin were determined after intravenous and intraperitoneal application of 4 mg/liter in patients undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis. Maximum serum concentrations after intravenous (287.75 ± 86.34 mg/liter) and intraperitoneal (205.78 ± 66.78 mg/liter) administration were comparable. Ratios of intraperitoneal to systemic exposure were 1.12 (intraperitoneal administration) and 0.22 (intravenous administration), indicating good systemic exposure after intraperitoneal application but limited penetration of fosfomycin into the peritoneal fluid after the intravenous dose.
Multiplex PCR To Identify Macrolide Resistance Determinants in Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Rose Simon , Desmolaize Benoit , Jaju Puneet , Wilhelm Cornelia , Warrass Ralf , Douthwaite Stephen 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

The bacterial pathogens
Mannheimia haemolytica
and
Pasteurella multocida
are major etiological agents in respiratory tract infections of cattle. Although these infections can generally be successfully treated with veterinary macrolide antibiotics, a few recent isolates have shown resistance to these drugs. Macrolide resistance in members of the family
Pasteurellaceae
is conferred by combinations of at least three genes:
erm
(42), which encodes a monomethyltransferase and confers a type I MLS
B
(macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B) phenotype;
msr
(E), which encodes a macrolide efflux pump; and
mph
(E), which encodes a macrolide-inactivating phosphotransferase. Here, we describe a multiplex PCR assay that detects the presence of
erm
(42),
msr
(E), and
mph
(E) and differentiates between these genes. In addition, the assay distinguishes
P. multocida
from
M. haemolytica
by amplifying distinctive fragments of the 23S rRNA (
rrl
) genes. One
rrl
fragment acts as a general indicator of gammaproteobacterial species and confirms whether the PCR assay has functioned as intended on strains that are negative for
erm
(42),
msr
(E), and
mph
(E). The multiplex system has been tested on more than 40 selected isolates of
P. multocida
and
M. haemolytica
and correlated with MICs for the veterinary macrolides tulathromycin and tilmicosin, and the newer compounds gamithromycin and tildipirosin. The multiplex PCR system gives a rapid and robustly accurate determination of macrolide resistance genotypes and bacterial genus, matching results from microbiological methods and whole-genome sequencing.
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Activity of Antibiotics against Hemin- and Menadione-Dependent Small-Colony Variants of Staphylococcus aureus in Models of Extracellular (Broth) and Intracellular (THP-1 Monocytes) Infections
Authors: Garcia L. G. , Lemaire S. , Kahl B. C. , Becker K. , Proctor R. A. , Denis O. , Tulkens P. M. , Van Bambeke F. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
small-colony variants (SCVs) persist intracellularly, which may contribute to persistence/recurrence of infections and antibiotic failure. We have studied the intracellular fate of
menD
and
hemB
mutants (corresponding to menadione- and hemin-dependent SCVs, respectively) of the COL methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
(MRSA) strain and the antibiotic pharmacodynamic profile against extracellular (broth) and intracellular (human THP-1 monocytes) bacteria. Compared to the parental strain, SCVs showed slower extracellular growth (restored upon medium supplementation with menadione or hemin), reduced phagocytosis, and, for the
menD
SCV, lower intracellular counts at 24 h postinfection. Against extracellular bacteria, daptomycin, gentamicin, rifampin, moxifloxacin, and oritavancin showed similar profiles of activity against all strains, with a static effect obtained at concentrations close to their MICs and complete eradication as maximal effect. In contrast, vancomycin was not bactericidal against SCVs. Against intracellular bacteria, concentration-effect curves fitted sigmoidal regressions for vancomycin, daptomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin (with maximal effects lower than a 2-log decrease in CFU) but biphasic regressions (with a maximal effect greater than a 3-log decrease in CFU) for moxifloxacin and oritavancin, suggesting a dual mode of action against intracellular bacteria. For all antibiotics, these curves were indistinguishable between the strains investigated, except for the
menD
mutant, which systematically showed a lower amplitude of the concentration-effect response, with markedly reduced minimal efficacy (due to slower growth) but no change in maximal efficacy. The data therefore show that the maximal efficacies of antibiotics are similar against normal-phenotype and menadione- and hemin-dependent strains despite their different intracellular fates, with oritavancin, and to some extent moxifloxacin, being the most effective.
Cellobiose-Specific Phosphotransferase System of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Its Importance in Biofilm Formation and Virulence
Authors: Wu Meng-Chuan , Chen Ying-Chun , Lin Tzu-Lung , Hsieh Pei-Fang , Wang Jin-Town 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a Gram-negative bacillus belonging to the family
Enterobacteriaceae
. In the past 20 years,
K. pneumoniae
has become the predominant pathogen causing community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). The formation of biofilm facilitates bacterial colonization and has been implicated in reduced susceptibility to the host immune response. To investigate genes related to biofilm formation in a PLA-associated
K. pneumoniae
strain, a transposon mutant library was screened by microtiter plate assay to identify isolates impaired for biofilm formation. One of the mutants was disrupted in
celB
, encoding the putative cellobiose-specific subunit IIC of enzyme II (EIIC) of a carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS). This transmembrane protein is responsible for recognizing and binding specific sugars and transporting them across the cell membrane into the cytoplasm. Deletion and chromosomal complementation of
celB
confirmed, by microtiter plate and slide culture assays, that
celB
was indeed responsible for biofilm formation. Cellobiose-specific PTS activities of deletion mutants grown in LB broth and 0.005% cellobiose minimal medium were markedly lower than that of the wild-type strain grown under the same conditions, thereby confirming the involvement of
celB
in cellobiose transport. In 0.005% cellobiose minimal medium, the
celB
mutant showed a delay in growth compared to the wild-type strain. In a mouse model of intragastric infection, deletion of the
celB
gene increased the survival rate from 12.5% to 87.5%, which suggests that the
celB
deletion mutant also exhibited reduced virulence. Thus, the
celB
locus of
K. pneumonia
e may contribute to biofilm formation and virulence through the metabolism of cellobiose.
Complete Genome Sequence of the European Sheatfish Virus
Authors: Mavian Carla , López-Bueno Alberto , Fernández Somalo María Pilar , Alcamí Antonio , Alejo Alí 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

Viral diseases are an increasing threat to the thriving aquaculture industry worldwide. An emerging group of fish pathogens is formed by several ranaviruses, which have been isolated at different locations from freshwater and seawater fish species since 1985. We report the complete genome sequence of European sheatfish ranavirus (ESV), the first ranavirus isolated in Europe, which causes high mortality rates in infected sheatfish (
Silurus glanis
) and in other species. Analysis of the genome sequence shows that ESV belongs to the amphibian-like ranaviruses and is closely related to the epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), a disease agent geographically confined to the Australian continent and notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health.
The Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Bluetongue Virus Serotype 3 from India
Authors: Maan Narender S. , Maan Sushila , Guimera Marc , Nomikou Kyriaki , Morecroft Elizabeth , Pullinger Gillian , Belaganahalli Manjunatha N. , Mertens Peter P. C. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT
All 10 genome segments (Seg-1 to 10—a total of 19,188 bp) were sequenced from a strain of bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) from India (strain IND2003/08). Sequence comparisons showed that nine of the genome segments from this virus group with other eastern topotype strains. Genome Seg-2 and Seg-6 group with eastern BTV-3 strains from Japan. However, Seg-5 (the NS1 gene) from IND2003/08 belongs to a western lineage, demonstrating that IND2003/08 is a reassortant between eastern and western topotype bluetongue viruses. This confirms that western BTV strains have been imported and are circulating within the subcontinent.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Overattenuated Highly Pathogenic Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Chen Nanhua , Han Wei , Cao Zhen , Deng Xiaoyu , Wang Lilin , Yu Xiuling , Zhou Zhi , Li Xiangdong , Shi Jishu , Tian Kegong 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACT

JXA1-P170 is an overattenuated highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) that has been passaged
in vitro
170 times. Vaccination with JXA1-P170 cannot protect pigs against JXA1 challenge. Compared with the parental virus JXA1, JXA1-P170 contains 1 nucleotide (nt) deletion and 113 nt mutations leading to 59 amino acid substitutions. Here we announce the first complete genome sequence of the overattenuated HP-PRRSV.
Breast Cancer Cell Uptake of the Inflammatory Mediator Neutrophil Elastase Triggers an Anticancer Adaptive Immune Response
Authors: Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Alatrash Gheath , Qiao Na , Wu Yun , Sukhumalchandra Pariya , St. John Lisa S. , Philips Anne V. , Xiao Haile , Zhang Mao , Ruisaard Kathryn , Clise-Dwyer Karen , Lu Sijie , Molldrem Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2012

Abstract
There is little understanding of the impact of tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) on adaptive immunity to tumors. In this study, we report the results of an investigation of the pathobiologic basis for the prognostic significance of neutrophil elastase, a serine protease found in neutrophil granules, in a model of cyclin E (CCNE)–overexpressing breast cancer. We established that neutrophil elastase was expressed by TAN within breast cancer tissues but not by breast cancer cells. Neutrophil elastase modulated killing of breast cancer cells by CTLs specific for CCNE-derived HLA-A2–restricted peptide (ILLDWLMEV). Breast cancer cells exhibited striking antigen-specific uptake of neutrophil elastase from the microenvironment that was independent of neutrophil elastase enzymatic activity. Furthermore, neutrophil elastase uptake increased expression of low molecular weight forms of CCNE and enhanced susceptibility to peptide-specific CTL lysis, suggesting that CCNE peptides are naturally presented on breast cancer cells. Taken together, our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism of antitumor adaptive immunity that links cancer cell uptake of an inflammatory mediator to an effective cytolytic response against an important breast cancer antigen. Cancer Res; 72(13); 3153–62. ©2012 AACR.