bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trial of Baxter ‘Blood in Motion’ Transport System
Authors: Power Ruth 
Published: September 2010

Aim  To evaluate the Baxter ‘Blood in Motion’ temperature controlled system for transportation of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) by the blood bank at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne. The trial incorporates transport of RBCs between the blood bank and theatre within St Vincent’s, and between St Vincent’s blood bank and blood banks within peripheral laboratories. Interest in this system arose in response to the Australian Red Cross Blood Service (ARCBS) proposed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) and ARCBS amendments to packing of RBCs for transport effective 1st January 2004. According to the MOU, RBCs must be transported in a system which maintains a temperature range of 2–10 degrees Celcius.Method  RBCs were transported between the blood bank and theatre in the ‘Blood in Motion’ transport elements on 11 occasions [N(t) = 11]. RBCs were transported between St Vincent’s blood bank and Werribee Mercy Hospital blood bank in the ‘Blood in Motion’ transport elements contained within a ‘Blood in Motion’ silver bag on 6 occasions [N(w) = 6]. An acceptable outcome resulted if the temperature displayed on the LCD thermometer inside the system was within range of 2–10 degrees Celcius on arrival at destination.Result  An acceptable outcome was achieved in 100% of transport episodes to date. Further data will be collected and evaluated.Conclusion  The Baxter ‘Blood in Motion’ transport system is a viable alternative to the ARCBS packing system for transport of RBCs (and facilitates compliance with the proposed ARCBS MOU). This system would ensure maintenance of RBC quality and safety during transport by St Vincent’s blood bank and minimise wastage of RBCs.
A Model for Isolated Area Emergency Donor Panels
Authors: Flecknoe‐Brown Steve , Dean Mark , Pearce Jan 
Published: September 2010

Aim  To review the operation of an Emergency Donor Panel in an isolated Australian community.Result  The Panel has been in operation for 4 years. Two donors have been rejected, one due to development of cancer and one due to biological false positive hepatitis C serology. Thirty five donors remain active on the panel. No donors have sero‐converted for transmissable disease during the operation of the panel. The panel has been activated on 3 occasions, all for surgical bleeding, resulting in blood transfused within 40 minutes of activation in all cases. Two cases were for bleeding associated with ruptured AAA and one for bleeding associated with gangrenous bowel.Conclusion  A properly designed and monitored Emergency Donor Panel can safely supply blood for transfusion in the event of depletion of local stores. The EDP should be activated after 10 units of stored blood have been transfused into a patient undergoing massive bleeding from a correctible source, or in association with the hospital’s Disaster Plan.
Significant Differences in the Borna Virus p24 Region Between Nucleotide Sequences from Humans in Australia and Reference European Strains
Authors: Kamhieh Sandra , Bode Liv , Bolton Wayne , Hodgson Jennifer , Flower Robert 
Published: September 2010

Aim  Borna Virus (BV) is a negative strand RNA virus associated with neurological diseases in animals. An association with human neuro‐psychiatric disease has been suggested. The hypothesis investigated was that potentially infectious levels of blood borne BV may be present in humans. Levels of antibody to BV in human and cat sera were studied by ELISA with antigen from infected horse brain, immunofluorescence with infected cells, Western blot and BV epitope peptide‐ELISA. Monoclonal antibodies were used in capture ELISAs to measure BV antigen levels (BVAg) in plasma and RT‐PCR and sequencing used to investigate relatedness of BV sequences from humans in Australia with European sequences.Result  In 1% of blood donors, free BV antigen was detected in plasma and reactions with BV p24 or p40 antigens confirmed by Western Blot. Circulating immune complexes, antibody to brain‐derived antigen and reactions with two of the eight peptides tested were also detected. Strong positive reactions in tests for circulating immune complexes, free plasma antigen and free antibody, were observed in a small number of blood donors. Individuals with high levels of plasma antigen were investigated by RT‐PCR and sequencing. Sequence from the p24 region of the Australian human BV genome was 5% different from European reference strains.Conclusion  These data support the hypothesis that a form of BV is endemic in humans in Australia, including potentially infectious levels in blood donors. The extent of difference, in regions other than p24, between BV in Australia and strains infecting animals overseas remains to be clarified.
Clinical effectiveness of processed and unprocessed bone
Authors: Galea G. , Kearney J. N. 
Published: September 2010

summary.  Bone allografts have been used clinically for a number of years. Understanding the biology of bone healing and the impact that bone banking has on this helps to improve the methodologies used in increasing the quality and safety of banked bone.Banked bone in its various forms has been used in a variety of surgical procedures, and although there is no doubt that it is clinically effective, most of the studies have been retrospective and non‐randomized. The review attempts to summarize some of the data in this area and highlights some of the difficulties encountered in such work.Although there is no doubt that bone banking is nowadays better controlled, there are ever‐increasing pressures to produce bone that is as safe as possible with the least impact on its effectiveness. This can only be achieved if the requirements of the providers and users of bone are better understood.
Assessment of corrected QT interval in sickle cell disease patients who undergo erythroapheresis
Authors: Boga C. , Kozanoglu I. , Yeral M. , Bakar C. 
Published: September 2010

summary Extension of the QT interval is characterized by syncope and cardiac arrest and often occurs in association with medical therapies and procedures. Whether erythroapheresis (EPH) could influence the QT interval duration in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) is not known.We aimed to investigate the effects of EPH on the heart rate‐corrected QT (QTc) interval.The study included 25 patients with SCD who underwent 34 EPH procedures. Two independent observers measured QTc interval duration from electrocardiograms performed continuously for 3 min at three different points during the EPH procedures (prior to EPH, after completion of 50% EPH and 15 min after EPH). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine if the ionized plasma calcium, the level of plasma magnesium, citrate infusion rate and painful crisis significantly contributed to the QTc interval.There was a non‐significant trend (P = 0·184) towards increased QTc in sickle cell patients during EPH compared with pre‐EPH values. QTc prolongation (>440 ms) occurred in 72% of the procedures. Fifty percent QTc values returned to baseline after the procedure. The independent variables were not significantly associated with QTc interval.Exchange procedures can induce QTc prolongation in patients with SCD.
The role of computerized order sets in pediatric inpatient asthma treatment
Authors: Chisolm Deena J. , McAlearney Ann Scheck , Veneris Sofia , Fisher David , Holtzlander Melissa , McCoy Karen S. 
Published: September 2010

Condition‐specific order sets within computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems are designed to decrease unnecessary practice variation and to promote evidence‐based practice. This study quantitatively assessed the relationship between use of a computerized order set and processes of care in inpatient pediatric asthma treatment, and qualitatively assessed user attitudes toward order set use.The study population included 790 patients with a primary diagnosis of asthma admitted to Columbus Children's Hospital between November 1, 2001 and November 30, 2003. Rates of systemic corticosteroid (SCS) use, metered‐dose inhaler use, and pulse oximetry (PulseOx) were calculated for three patient groups: those admitted prior to order set implementation (‘pre‐set’); those admitted after implementation but without the order set used (‘no set’); and those admitted after implementation with the order set used (‘set’). Financial measures of length of stay, total charges, and pharmacy charges were also calculated. Focus groups exploring attitudes about order sets were held with physician users of order sets.Order set patients were significantly more likely to receive SCS and PulseOx than ‘pre‐set’ and ‘no set’ patients. ‘No set’ patients did not differ significantly from ‘pre‐set’ patients. No significant differences were found in financial measures. Results from focus groups suggested that order set use would be optimized by promoting order set awareness and maximizing order set quality.These results give further credence to policy‐makers’ calls for expanded use of CPOE systems with condition‐specific order sets to facilitate provision of evidence‐based care.
A new SEMA7A variant found in Native Americans with alloantibody
Authors: Richard M. , St‐Laurent J. , Perreault J. , Long A. , St‐Louis M. 
Published: September 2010

Background and Objectives  John Milton Hagen (JMH) antigens are carried by Semaphorin 7A that plays important roles in the nervous system and the immune responses. Its role on the erythrocytes is unclear. Over the years, few samples were referred to our Immunohaematology Reference Laboratory to elucidate their JMH status.Materials and Methods  Seven blood samples with antibodies compatible with JMH1‐negative red cells were studied at the molecular level to identify polymorphisms and explain the JMH diversity observed. Four samples were of Native American background and three were Caucasians. Molecular analyses of the SEMA7A were undertaken, and soluble form of recombinant Sema7A proteins was produced to characterize the antibodies.Results  Sequencing of the cDNA showed a polymorphism in SEMA7A exon 9 at position 1040 (G>T) in the four Native American samples. Caucasians had a normal sequence. This polymorphism precludes a change at position 347 where an Arg is replaced by a Leu. Plasma was assayed in ELISA on wild‐type Sema7AArg347 and variant Sema7ALeu347 proteins. Results clearly indicated a specific recognition of the antibody produced by the Native Americans for the wild‐type Sema7AArg347 protein and not the variant one.Conclusion  A new SEMA7A variant was identified in this study. The antibody present in the Native American plasma samples should be considered as an alloantibody because it recognizes the wild‐type protein.
Relationship between the Amounts of Antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serotype 2 Detected in Blood Serum and in Fluids Collected from Muscles of Pigs
Authors: Wallgren P. , Persson M. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryAn indirect ELISA method, previously used to detect antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in serum of pigs, was further developed aiming to measure antibodies to the microbe in muscle fluids. Serum and muscle fluid were collected from Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) pigs as well as from SPF pigs challenged with A. pleuropneumoniae which were either treated with effective antibiotics or left as infected controls. The antibody responses measured in serum correlated well to the clinical signs of respiratory disease observed and to pathological lesions found at necropsy performed 17 days post‐infection. The amounts of antibodies monitored in serum and in muscle fluid collected from the diaphragm and the thigh, respectively, were compared. Higher concentrations of antibodies were assessed in serum than in diaphragm fluid, which in turn contained more antibodies per ml than fluid collected from the thigh. The amount of antibodies to A. pleuropneumoniae measured in fluid from the diaphragm diluted 1/50 correlated well with the quantity measured in serum diluted 1/1000 (r2 = 0.87; P < 0.001). When validated by using serum antibody responses as a standard, the specificity of the ELISA employed in fluid from the diaphragm was found to be 100 %. The sensitivity was determined to be 88 % when calculated on seropositive pigs (A450 = 0.3 in serum diluted 1/1000). That figure increased to 97 % if calculated on pigs expressing pronounced amounts of serum antibodies (A450 0.5).
Apoptosis in Feline Panleukopenia and Canine Parvovirus Enteritis
Authors: Bauder B. , Suchy A. , Gabler C. , Weissenböck H. 
Published: September 2010

SummaryTissue samples of cats and dogs with panleukopenia and parvovirus enteritis, respectively, were examined for the presence of viral antigen‐positive cells and apoptotic cells by immunohistochemistry and by TUNEL assay (Terminal Transferase‐Mediated dUTP Nick End Labelling). Compared to control animals, infected cats and dogs generally had more TUNEL‐positive cells. Cell types positive for parvovirus antigen, for example digestive tract epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and lymphocytes and macrophages in lymphoid tissues were also positive for TUNEL signals. Occasionally, TUNEL signal and viral antigen were present in the same tissue areas, suggesting a direct viral trigger of apoptosis. More frequently, however, there was no complete overlap of antigen and TUNEL‐positive areas. The results of this study indicate that apoptotic cell death contributes significantly to the widespread tissue damage of parvovirus infection in cats and dogs.
How nurses address the burden of disease in remote or isolated areas in Queensland
Authors: Al‐Motlaq Mohammad , Mills Jane , Birks Melanie , Francis Karen 
Published: September 2010

Al‐Motlaq M, Mills J, Birks M, Francis K. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2010; 16: 472–477 How nurses address the burden of disease in remote or isolated areas in QueenslandNurses have a role in addressing the burden of disease in remote or isolated areas of Queensland. Activities to prevent chronic and acute disease and injury, while promoting a health lifestyle, are a part of nurses' work that help to meet the goal of keeping a population healthy. The findings presented in this paper, as part of a broader study into the role of nurses working in remote or isolated areas of Queensland, describe how registered nurse in these locations address local burden of disease. Participants discussed the increased workload that engaging in health promotion and disease prevention activities creates for them when providing health‐care services for their communities. Establishing stronger working relationships with visiting members of the primary health‐care team, while addressing organizational barriers, might have a significant impact on the nurses' ability to help reduce the burden of disease in these areas.
Nutrition and Indigenous health in New Zealand
Authors: Grant Cameron C , Wall Clare R , Yates Rowena , Crengle Sue 
Published: September 2010

AbstractWithin New Zealand, Maori experience a greater burden than non‐Maori from childhood communicable diseases and from adult non‐communicable diseases, for which malnutrition is recognised to have an important role in causality. The nutritional status of Maori is poorer than non‐Maori. A larger proportion of Maori newborns are small for gestational age. Weight gain during the first 2 years of life is then more rapid than for non‐Maori, and the proportion of Maori that are obese is higher than non‐Maori through childhood and into adulthood. Across the age range from infancy to women of childbearing age, iron deficiency is more prevalent, and vitamin D status is poorer in Maori than non‐Maori. Over the past two decades, the nutritional status of Maori has improved at birth and during childhood. The proportion of Maori infants small for gestational age and the mean body mass of Maori children aged 2–14 years have decreased. These improvements have been larger than in non‐Maori. Further reduction in disparities in nutritional status between Maori and non‐Maori must be a priority if the health status of New Zealand's population is to improve. The interventions must address the role that poverty plays in malnutrition, need to be rooted in local food systems and be community driven. If population health status is to improve, New Zealand must secure access to nutritious food for pregnant women, infants and children living in low‐income families.
The primary prevention of rheumatic fever
Authors: Kerdemelidis Melissa , Lennon Diana R , Arroll Bruce , Peat Briar , Jarman Jonathan 
Published: September 2010

AbstractRheumatic fever (RF), caused by untreated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout much of the less developed world and disadvantaged populations (Indigenous and other) in the developed world. Through systematic literature searches, our group has identified potential risk factors for RF and possible interventions for its prevention. The causes can be divided into biological factors, socio‐economic, and lifestyle factors and health‐care systems and services. Currently, the most promising medical areas look to be improving access to health care and introducing community and school‐based sore throat interventions (which aim to diagnose and treat GAS pharyngitis). We could find no convincing support for skin sepsis causing RF. Overall evidence suggests that measures that aim to alleviate poverty and crowding may also reduce the incidence of RF. In comparatively rich countries such as New Zealand and Australia, urgent measures based on available evidence should be undertaken to reduce the very striking health disparity seen with RF and its sequela, rheumatic heart disease in our at‐risk populations.
Selective incorporation of the polar ingredients on the formulation of clear gels through phase diagrams
Authors: COMELLES F. , CAELLES J. , PASCUAL A. , LEAL J. SANCHEZ 
Published: September 2010

SynopsisThis paper attempts to systematize the preparation of cosmetic formulations by means of phase diagrams. The general criteria used to adapt the usually complex cosmetic systems to simple ternary diagrams W/O/S, consists of grouping the different ingredients according to their functional characteristics (hydrophilics, lipophilics and amphiphilics) that are located respectively in the corresponding vertices W, O and S. Thus, the polar ingredients are always incorporated simultaneously as a single phase, over the initial combinations O/S according to the classical titration procedure. Selective incorporation of the polar ingredients by means of the so‐called double‐titration procedures was studied. Independent consideration of the polar ingredients leads to modelling of the system in a regular tetrahedron in which the components are located at the four vertices. Several possibilities of double‐titration procedures are considered in the tetrahedron depending on the different sequences of incorporating the polar ingredients. The results obtained show a critical influence of the double‐titration procedures on two main aspects: limits of existence of the transparent gel realms, and rheological behaviour of some selected compositions. The different possibilities compared with the fixed characteristics obtained by the conventional method of preparation constitute an advantage in adapting a final formulation to the specific needs.
CONGREGATE COGNITIVE MAPS: A UNIFIED DYNAMIC THEORY OF ORGANIZATION AND STRATEGY
Authors: Bougon Michel G. 
Published: September 2010

ABSTRACTRecently and independently, two dynamic approaches to organization and strategy have emerged in fields traditionally confined to static methods. One approach uses the cybernetic properties of collective cognitive maps to create a dynamic theory of organization and social system change. The other approach uses the hierarchic properties of collective cognitive maps to create a dynamic theory of strategy.This article discusses how a dynamic cognitive approach makes organization theory and strategy theory inseparable. The approach distinguishes between aggregate and congregate collective cognitive maps. The approach creates a unified dynamic theory of organization and strategy.In this unified theory, the hierarchic and cybernetic aspects of collective cognitive maps combine with the cryptic aspect of concepts and connections present in maps to further explicate the association between organization and strategy.In practice, the cryptic character of many concepts ‐ especially those responsible for the congregation of individual cognitive maps ‐ is exploited to generate both a potent interview technique and a powerful method for facilitating the initiation and development of strategy workshops.
THE VALUE OF THE REMUNERATION OF HIGH CIVIL SERVANTS IN BRITAIN IN THE 20TH CENTURY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Authors: RIMINGTON JOHN D. 
Published: September 2010

The article traces a large real and comparative decline in the rewards of high civil servants in Great Britain over the 20th century, accelerating since about 1970. It relates this to developments in the market for ‘high quality’ graduates and to changes in public and governmental attitudes which have affected the size, organization and role of the civil service.It discusses possible causes of the decline in top rewards in terms of three explanatory approaches suggested by social scientists – the ‘institutional’, the ‘cultural’, and the views of the ‘Chicago School’. Finally, following an examination of changes in the way senior British civil servants are now recruited and remunerated, it considers possible outcomes in terms of effects on the part they can play in the governmental process.