bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and antibacterial activity of biogenic iron nanoparticles using Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Ahmed Mais Emad , Hasan Huda Mohammed , Kttafah Anfal Jabbar 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The green production of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) due to its numerous biotechnological uses has attracted a lot of attention and clean and eco-friendly approaches in the medical field.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the biogenic creation of FeONPs. The search for alternative antimicrobial medicines has been prompted by growing worries about multidrug resistance.

Materials and Methods:
The purpose of this work was to investigate if Proteus mirabilis was the source of green-manufactured iron nanoparticles (INPs). The Fourier transform infrared, attenuated total reflectance, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible, and dynamic light scattering measurements were used to characterize the green synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). Using the agar-well diffusion method, the antibacterial investigation’s efficacy was evaluated.

Results:
The results found that at 128 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration, we have demonstrated the potent antibacterial properties of FeONPs produced through biological procedures against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to many drugs. These NPs, including their antimicrobial qualities, how they work, how they affect drug-resistant microbes, the risks involved with using them, the unique qualities of NPs, their mode of action as antibacterial properties, and the elements that influence how well they function in a therapeutic setting all are thoroughly investigated.

Conclusion:
Further research on biogenic INPs was necessary to enhance their nanopharmacological importance for biological applications, as they have demonstrated promising biomedical capabilities were successfully synthesized in a friendly environment with few costs, and the highly INPs product showed exceptional activity against bacterial strains.
Antibacterial activity of Streptomyces spp. crude extract on multidrug resistant Psedomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples
Authors: Abed Zainab Hasan , Jarallah Eman Mohammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Actinomycetes are the heterogeneous group of microorganisms, which have thread-like filaments, isolated from the soil.

Objectives:
Isolation, identification, and partial purification of crude bioactive agents of the Actinomycetes isolates and isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical samples, and to study antibiotics susceptibility for these isolates.

Materials and Methods:
Forty soil samples were collected from different agriculture locations in Hilla city. Soil samples were air dried and pre-treated with calcium carbonate (1%). The best selective medium for growth Actinomycetes is yeast malt extract agar medium (International Streptomyces project—ISP2) with 1 mg/mL Nystatin as antifungal agent.

Results:
A total of 68 actinomycetes species were isolated and 23 Streptomyces spp. isolates were recovered after molecular identification. By cross- streaking method , the antibacterial activity for these isolated were tested against 30 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa that showed resistance to 17 antibiotic types of streptomyces isolates demonstrated potential antibacterial activity were mass cultured and secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate. Among the 23 isolated strains, seven isolates (St4, St5, St6, St8, St11, St12, and St14) demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity with the zone of inhibition ranging from 0 to 22 mm against P. aeruginosa, according to the primary and secondary screening.

Conclusion:
The isolates St6 and St12 showed the higher antimicrobial metabolites activity, so these isolates were elected for sequencing.
Purification and characterization of arginine deiminase from Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Alameedy Taif Hussien , Jebor Mohammed Abdullah 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
This study was aimed to characterize arginine deiminase (ADI) purified from Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro.

Materials and Methods:
Precipitation with 70% saturated ammonium sulphate, ion exchange chromatography with a DEAE-cellulose column, and gel filtration chromatography throughout sepharose-6B were the three steps taken to isolate the arginine-degrading enzyme from a K. pneumoniae clinical isolate, which is a potent anticancer source.

Results:
After 5.9 folds of purification and 38.7% enzyme recovery, the specific activity of the purified enzyme reached 164.2 U/mg. When biochemical characteristics of the purified enzyme were studied, results showed that the activity was maximum at pH 6 and is most stable in pH ranging from (5–9), the optimum temperature for enzyme activity was observed at 37ºC and reach 11.5 U/mL. In contrast, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), NaNO3, and ZnSO4 slightly inhibited ADI activity, whereas MnCl2, increased the remaining activity of enzyme to 125%., as well as NaNO3, EDTA, ZnSO4, and FeCl3 were found that they inhibit enzyme activity by 90, 70, 88, and 110, respectively.

Conclusion:
A locally isolated strain of K. pneumoniae N1 is a useful and potent arginine deiminase producer.
Pharmacogenetics: Influence of CYP2C9*2 and *3 alleles polymorphisms on Iraqi type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Rasool Ghada S , Hussien Asmaa A , Al-Tayie Suhad R , Al-Awadi Salwa J , Al-Dahmoshi Hussein OM 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Sulfonylureas (SUs) are the most prescribed anti-diabetic drugs. The enzyme responsible for metabolizing of SUs is hepatic cytochrome P4502C9 (CYP2C9). The CYP2C9 gene has numerous allelic variations; among those, the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 are the most common and clinically significant allelic variations. The pharmacokinetics of SUs are dramatically impacted by CYP2C9 genotype.

Objective:
Evaluation of the association of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C9 gene with the efficacy of glibenclamide (GB), second-generation SUs, by investigating two CYP2C9 allelic variants.

Materials and Methods:
Blood samples were collected from 113 type 2 diabetes patients. Allele specific amplification-polymerase chain reaction was used to genotype the CYP2C9 gene. Fasting serum glucose, fasting insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were measured as part of the biochemical analysis.

Results:
The CYP2C9 gene variants were analyzed in a study group. The results exposed that 75 patients carried the wild (CYP2C9*1/*1) genotype, 25 were heterozygote allele (CYP2C9*1/*2) for CYP2C9*2 gene, 4 were homozygous for the variant CYP2C9*2 allele (CYP2C9*2/*2), and 9 were heterozygous for the variant CYP2C9*3 allele (CYP2C9*1/*3). Statistically significant difference was found in mean HbA1c between the mutant and wild alleles group (P = 0.044). The mean HbA1c for those carrying the CYP2C9*2 and*3 alleles (n = 38) was 8.4750 compared to 9.3177 for those carrying the CYP2C9*1 allele (n = 75), which indicate better glycemic control.

Conclusion:
The accordance of CYP2C9*2 and*3 was found to be associated with severe hypoglycemia (odd ratio [OR] = 2.045). The OR suggests a strong association between CYP2C9*2 and*3 alleles and hypoglycemia. Our findings imply that the diabetic patients with CYP2C9 polymorphism are more likely to suffer hypoglycemia than those with wild type alleles when treated with GB.
Determine the prevalence and fluoroquinolone resistance pattern of Escherichia coli ST131 among clinical isolates from vaginitis patients
Authors: Nasser Noor Ismeal , Abdul-Razzaq Mohammed Sabri , Al-Hili Nadia M 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
The most interesting lineage of Escherichia coli is the sequence type 131 (ST131), a pandemic clone that is responsible for the high incidence of E. coli infections outside the intestine; in addition, it contributes to the global dissemination of multiantibiotic resistance.

Aims:
To determine the prevalence of E. coli st131, along with their fluoroquinolone resistance patterns and their phylogenetic background.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 150 high vaginal swabs were taken from female patients with aerobic vaginitis and were screened for the isolation and identification of E. coli ST131 using polymerase chain reaction technology that targets ST131-specific sequence polymorphisms in both the mdh and gyrB genes. An antibiotic sensitivity test was performed to determine resistance patterns.

Results:
Twenty-seven (18%) E. coli isolates were obtained from women with aerobic vaginitis, including 11 (40.7%) isolates belonging to sequence type 131. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the majority belonged to phylogroup B2 (90.9%), and one isolate belonged to phylogroup B1 (9.09%). All the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, and levofloxacin, whereas they were all sensitive to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin.

Conclusions:
The presence of E. coli ST131 among E. coli isolates from patients with aerobic vaginitis, and the confirmation of their high resistance to most fluoroquinolones included in this study reflect their ability to adapt to different sites, which increases their risk as a pathogen.
Prevalence of gentle herpes simplex type 2 in Babylon province for last 3 years: A retrospective descriptive data analysis
Authors: Shalan Ammar Abbas , Hindi Nada Khazal K , Radhi Mohammed Malih , Chabuck Zainab Adil Ghani 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Background:
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection stands as a prevalent sexually transmitted disease with global ramifications. Understanding its prevalence across different age groups and genders is crucial for an effective control and management.

Objectives:
This study is aimed to retrospectively investigate the prevalence of HSV-2 infection based on age and gender categories.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive analytical design was conducted for the periods of April 28 and May 23, 2023. Examination of medical records unveiled a total of 91 confirmed positive cases. Data collection encompassed hospitals, private clinics, and health institutions. A descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were done to glean meaningful insights.

Results:
The prevalence of HSV-2 infection exhibited a marked gender discrepancy, with females accounting for the highest proportion (60.4%). Notably, individuals aged 15-50 exhibited a substantial prevalence rate of 52.7%. The findings further illuminated a progressive rise in mild herpes prevalence with advancing age. The infection’s prevalence trajectory showed a notable shift over time, with the lowest rate recorded in 2020, gradually ascending to its zenith in 2022. Statistical assessments unveiled significant disparities in HSV-2 prevalence across age and gender strata. Older individuals displayed higher prevalence (p = 0.002), while a profound gender influence was evident, with females displaying a significantly greater prevalence (p = 0.000).

Conclusions:
With the infection’s persistent nature and the availability of serologic testing, gauging HSV-2 frequency becomes a straightforward task. Despite potential limitations stemming from incomplete data, the study unequivocally underscores the widespread nature of HSV-2 infection. The insights gleaned from this study serve as a pivotal foundation for formulating targeted interventions and preventive strategies on a global scale.
Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Pyroptosis through the Sirtuin-1 Pathway
Authors: Luo Ya-Nan , Xu Rong-Hua , Feng Zhi-Tao , Yang Song-Bai , Huang Ya-Guang , Mei Zhi-Gang 
Published: May 2024

Objective:
NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis is pivotal in the pathological development of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Although previous research has shown that electroacupuncture (EA) can alleviate CIRI through sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), the mechanism has not been well elucidated. Our study aimed to clarify whether the neuroprotective functions of EA are related to the reduction in NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis through the SIRT1 pathway.

Materials and Methods:
Rats received daily pretreatment with EA for 5 consecutive days before undergoing middle cerebral artery occlusion surgery. The Longa score was used to assess neurologic function. Infarct volume and morphological alterations were analyzed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, neuronal pyroptosis was identified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling/caspase-1 and neuronal nuclear antigen/caspase-1 immunofluorescence double staining. Levels of expression of pyroptosis markers were assessed by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
EA improved deficits in neurologic function and minimized cerebral infarct volume. Mechanistically, a number of neuronal pyroptotic cells and protein levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, and gasdermin D in the cerebral cortex were markedly reduced by EA treatment, and conversely, SIRT1 levels were increased. Notably, the specific SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, reversed the effects of EA.

Conclusions:
EA potentially exerts a neuroprotective effect against CIRI through the SIRT1 pathway in NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.
Low‐complexity patch projection method for efficient and lightweight point‐cloud compression
Authors: Rhyu Sungryeul , Kim Junsik , Park Gwang Hoon , Kim Kyuheon 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe point cloud provides viewers with intuitive geometric understanding but requires a huge amount of data. Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) has developed video‐based point‐cloud compression in the range of 300–700. As the compression rate increases, the complexity increases to the extent that it takes 101.36 s to compress one frame in an experimental environment using a personal computer. To realize real‐time point‐cloud compression processing, the direct patch projection (DPP) method proposed herein simplifies the complex patch segmentation process by classifying and projecting points according to their geometric positions. The DPP method decreases the complexity of the patch segmentation from 25.75 s to 0.10 s per frame, and the entire process becomes 8.76 times faster than the conventional one. Consequently, this proposed DPP method yields similar peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) outcomes to those of the conventional method at reduced times (4.7–5.5 times) at the cost of bitrate overhead. The objective and subjective results show that the proposed DPP method can be considered when low‐complexity requirements are required in lightweight device environments.
Urgency of energy security, Ukrainian lesson≈
Authors: Ilchuk Maryna 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Reducing the EU’s dependence on imported Russian gas has become the main focus of EU policy after the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022. The Russian war in Ukraine has revealed bottlenecks in EU energy policy fully demonstrating the lack of reliability of Russian energy supplies. Ukraine has demonstrated its remarkable strategy of cutting dependence on Russian energy sources, including during the war. Ukraine’s energy infrastructure continues to suffer devastating damage and the country faces unbelievable challenges on its way to rebuilding the energy sector. Thus, according to estimates from the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine, energy sector losses as of the end of March 2022 comprised approximately USD 2 billion and about USD 1 billion for the renewable sector. At the same time Ukraine is already thinking of its future energy sector and has recently presented the national programme ‘Energy independence and the green course’ which includes, among other things, construction of 1.5-2 GW of peak power and around 700 MW of energy storages, 10 GW of hydrogen export from Ukraine to the EU, and the production and supply of biomethane. In addition, in order to contribute to the EU reducing its dependence on Russian energy, Ukraine is proposing to utilize its energy infrastructure, including gas transportation systema and gas storages, stating that the existing Ukrainian capacities for gas transit (with a significant part of them already booked but not used) are more than sufficient to compensate for the reduction in transmission via Nord Stream-1. Last, but not least, Ukraine has already started electricity export to the EU, proposing competitive pricing and, thereby, helping the EU to reduce the usage of natural gas for electricity production.
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF IN-TOEING GAIT USING ABDUCTION SPLINT IN CHILDREN LESS THAN FIVE YEARS OF AGE AT JINJA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL. A PROPOSED STUDY.
Authors: Makula Isaac , Katende Joseph 
Published: May 2024

Background of the study
Globally in-toeing gait is the most common foot deformity in infants, occurring in 1-3/1000 children, and is one of the most common pediatric gait disturbances. Prompted by parental concerns, it accounts for many new patient specialist visits. A descriptive cross-sectional study evaluated parents’ involvement and policies guiding the management of children with foot deformities in Kenya revealing that more than half (54.6%) of the parents were actively involved in decision making whereas 45.6% were passively involved. The study aims to assess Parental involvement in the management of undergoing gait using abduction splints in children less than five years of age.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study. The study population will consist of 44 parents whose children have undergone gait at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital.
Discussion
There are consistently increasing cases of persistent in-toeing gait among children less than five years of age at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. This is partly due to the failure of parents to get actively and fully involved in the management process of undergoing gait as recommended by health professionals. Parents are required to ensure serial casting, bracing, consistency, and gentle stretching of the leg and foot muscles and if in-toeing gait is associated with other medical conditions like cerebral palsy treatment should also focus on the laying treatment for better results. The study will aim to assess Parental involvement in the management of in-toeing gait using abduction splint in children less than five years of age by determining the practice, attitude, and knowledge of parents at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. This may promote health education about in-toeing gait, early improvement of gait, and prevention of further deformities improving their mobility, independence, and social integration.
KHẢO SÁT SỨC CĂNG NHĨ TRÁI BẰNG SIÊU ÂM ĐÁNH DẤU MÔ CƠ TIM Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH TĂNG HUYẾT ÁP
Authors: Lê Thị Ngọc Hân , Trần Đức Hùng , Lương Công Thức 
Published: May 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát sức căng nhĩ trái bằng siêu âm đánh dấu mô cơ tim ở người bệnh tăng huyết áp (THA), mối liên quan của sức căng nhĩ trái với rối loạn chức năng tâm trương thất trái. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu trên 142 người bệnh THA, thời gian từ 11/2022 đến 3/2023 tại Bệnh viện Quân y 103. Thực hiện siêu âm tim đánh giá chức năng nhĩ trái và thất trái. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình 70,3 ± 12,3 năm, nam giới chiếm 70,4%. Rối loạn chức năng tâm trương thất trái chiếm 54,2%. Các thông số đánh giá sức căng nhĩ trái (LASr-ED, LAScd-ED, LASct-ED, LASr-AC, LAScd-AC, LASct-AC) lần lượt là 24,2 ± 14,4%, -11,8 ± 7,7%; -12,5 ± 10,7%; 20,8 ± 10,7%; -10,5 ± 6,9%, -10,3 ± 8,3%. Sức căng dự trữ nhĩ trái (LASr) ở nhóm THA > 10 năm (16,9 ± 10,4%) thấp hơn có ý nghĩa so với nhóm THA < 5 năm (28,1 ± 15,5%) và nhóm THA 5 - 10 năm (28,6 ± 14,3%) với p < 0,05. LASr ở nhóm có rối loạn chức năng tâm trương thất trái giảm hơn nhóm có chức năng tâm trương thất trái bình thường (21,6 ± 13,4% so với 27,3 ± 14,8%, p = 0,02). LASr tương quan nghịch với E/E’ vách liên thất (r = -0,21, p < 0.001), E/E’ thành bên (r = -0,31, p < 0.001), LAVmax (r = -0,45, p = 0,001), LAVmin (r= -0,64, p = 0,013), tương quan thuận với LAEF (r = 0,71, p = 0,005). Kết luận: Sức căng nhĩ trái ở nhóm THA > 10 năm giảm có ý nghĩa so với nhóm THA < 5 năm và nhóm THA 5 -10 năm. Sức căng nhĩ trái ở nhóm THA có suy chức năng tâm trương thất trái giảm hơn so với nhóm có chức năng tâm trương thất trái bình thường.
GIẢI PHẪU MÔI BÉ Ở PHỤ NỮ PHẪU THUẬT TẠO HÌNH MÔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BƯU ĐIỆN
Authors: Hoàng Mạnh Ninh , Trần Hồng Quân 
Published: May 2024

Phẫu thuật thẩm mỹ bộ phận sinh dục nữ (phần lớn là tạo hình môi) ngày càng trở nên phổ biến. Tạo hình môi đề cập đến phẫu thuật giảm kích thước của môi bé do phì đại. Tuy nhiên, môi bé mở rộng hoặc phì đại vẫn là một chẩn đoán lâm sàng chưa được xác định rõ ràng vì nó có thể được coi là một biến thể của giải phẫu bình thường. Mục tiêu: Mô tả giải phẫu môi bé ở các phụ nữ phẫu thuật tạo hình môi tại Bệnh viện Bưu Điện. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 19 phụ nữ phẫu thuật tạo hình môi tại Bệnh viện Bưu Điện từ 01/2022 đến 12/2023. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình: 32,53±7,33; độ tuổi từ 20-42 tuổi. Nhóm tuổi chiếm đa số là 20-30 tuổi. Môi bé bên phải: chiều dài trung bình: 61mm (41-82mm); chiều rộng trung bình: 38mm (25-55mm). Môi bé bên trái: chiều dài trung bình: 57mm (42-74mm); chiều rộng trung bình: 41mm (28-53mm). Kết luận: Chưa có thống nhất rõ ràng về thế nào là phì đại môi bé. Bác sĩ cần giải thích, tư vấn về những biến thể giải phẫu bình thường của môi bé cho những phụ nữ có nhu cầu thẩm mỹ để họ có quyết định chính xác.
KESALAHAN KONSEPTUAL DAN PROSEDURAL PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA PADA MATERI PROGRAM LINIER
Authors: Setiawan Wahyu , Kusumawati Intan Bigita 
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan kesalahan konseptual dan prosedural peserta didik ketika menyelesaikan masalah pemrograman linier dalam bentuk soal cerita. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian diambil dari tiga peserta didik kelas XI SMA Al Kautsar berkemampuan matematika sedang. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, ditentukan bahwa satu subjek tidak melakukan kesalahan konseptual maupun prosedural. Sebaliknya, dua subjek lainnya melakukan seluruh jenis kesalahan konseptual dan prosedural yang diteliti. Beradarkan hasil wawancara kesalahan peserta didik yang disebabkan oleh faktor seperti kurangnya pengetahuan dan ketelitian serta perhatian yang kurang dalam memahami informasi pertanyaan.