bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coeval Transverse and Axial Sediment Delivery to the Northern Hikurangi Trough During the Late Quaternary
Authors: Shorrock Anthony E. , Strachan Lorna J. , Barnes Philip M. , Moore Gregory F. , McArthur Adam D. , Gamboa Davide , Woodhouse Adam D. , Bell Rebecca E. , Davidson Sam R. , Bostock Helen C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSubduction trenches receive sediment from sediment gravity flows sourced from transverse pathways and trench parallel axial transport pathways. Understanding the interplay between axial and transverse sediment transport in shaping stratigraphic architectures is hindered by the episodic nature of sedimentary gravity flows and limited datasets, yet such insights are crucial for reconstructing sedimentary flow pathways and interpreting sedimentary records. We investigate sediment routing pathways to the northern Hikurangi Trough of New Zealand using a combination of multibeam, 2D and 3D seismic reflection and International Ocean Discovery Program core data from Site U1520. Site U1520's location downstream of axial and transverse conduits of sediment delivery makes it an excellent location to observe how these processes interact in deep marine settings. We characterise regional basin floor geomorphology and sub‐surface architecture of the upper ~110 m siliciclastic sequence of the Hikurangi Trough deposited over the past ~42 ka (Seismic Unit 1; SU1). Sediment delivery to the trough is fed by sediment gravity flows sourced from both the shelf‐incising transverse Māhia Canyon to the south‐west and the axial Hikurangi Channel to the south. Flows sourced from these systems have a strong influence on the geomorphology of the region and are responsible for forming large‐scale bathymetric features such as erosional scours and sediment waves. Sedimentary features identified within SU1 indicate that sediment transport via the transverse Māhia Canyon was more significant than that of the axial Hikurangi Channel throughout the last 42 ka, particularly during the last glacial period when sea levels were lower, and sedimentation rates were extremely high (up to ~20 m/kyr). This study emphasises the need for a nuanced consideration of transverse and axial systems and how they may influence sediment records and the geomorphic characteristics of trench systems.
‘The Cycle of Sibling Bullying’: Exploring the Links Between Sibling Bullying Victimization, External Support and Parent–Child Decision‐Making in Multichild Families
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Yan Yiwen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSibling bullying in multichild families involves concealed power dynamics, where victims' voices are often unheard by both their families and external sources, resulting in prolonged oppression and violence. Given the unclear impact of sibling bullying victimization on parent–child decision‐making, this study investigates the relationship and explores whether external support serves as a compensatory resource allocation mechanism in families struggling with equitable resource distribution. Based on data from a sample of 10 164 children in the International Survey of Children's Well‐Being, the research reveals that children experiencing sibling bullying are less likely to make joint decision‐making with their parents, and external support mediated the relationship between sibling bullying victimization and parent–child decision‐making, which suggests that victims of sibling bullying often feel isolated and unsupported by their families. Although external support is a vital resource to help children overcome the negative impacts of sibling bullying, its limited availability leaves victims trapped in a persistent cycle of sibling bullying—a state characterized by ongoing experiences of victimization. This research enhances the understanding of how sibling bullying influences parent–child decision‐making and offers valuable prevention and intervention strategies for parents, teachers and social workers to address resource imbalances and implement effective support measures.
GeoCode: Interpretable Shape Programs
Authors: Pearl Ofek , Lang Itai , Hu Yuhua , Yeh Raymond A. , Hanocka Rana 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe task of crafting procedural programs capable of generating structurally valid 3D shapes easily and intuitively remains an elusive goal in computer vision and graphics. Within the graphics community, generating procedural 3D models has shifted to using node graph systems. They allow the artist to create complex shapes and animations through visual programming. Being a high‐level design tool, they made procedural 3D modelling more accessible. However, crafting those node graphs demands expertise and training. We present GeoCode, a novel framework designed to extend an existing node graph system and significantly lower the bar for the creation of new procedural 3D shape programs. Our approach meticulously balances expressiveness and generalization for part‐based shapes. We propose a curated set of new geometric building blocks that are expressive and reusable across domains. We showcase three innovative and expressive programs developed through our technique and geometric building blocks. Our programs enforce intricate rules, empowering users to execute intuitive high‐level parameter edits that seamlessly propagate throughout the entire shape at a lower level while maintaining its validity. To evaluate the user‐friendliness of our geometric building blocks among non‐experts, we conduct a user study that demonstrates their ease of use and highlights their applicability across diverse domains. Empirical evidence shows the superior accuracy of GeoCode in inferring and recovering 3D shapes compared to an existing competitor. Furthermore, our method demonstrates superior expressiveness compared to alternatives that utilize coarse primitives. Notably, we illustrate the ability to execute controllable local and global shape manipulations. Our code, programs, datasets and Blender add‐on are available at https://github.com/threedle/GeoCode.
Bats as a Model for Enhancing IUCN Red List Assessments: Real‐Time Data, Contributor Networks, and Specialized Training to Address Common Challenges
Authors: Russo Danilo , Cistrone Luca , Waldien David L. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is a critical tool in global conservation, providing essential information on species' conservation status worldwide. However, the current assessment process faces several challenges, including data gaps, standard inconsistencies across taxonomic groups, and a limited assessor pool. Data gaps are common for many taxa, particularly those more difficult to observe or identify with wide, fragmented ranges. We use bats as a model to highlight challenges and propose solutions relevant to many taxonomic groups. Basic presence data and population estimates are often missing, with critical information unpublished or inaccessible for assessments. Assessors are responsible for reviewing all available information, seeking advice from local or taxon‐specific experts, and compiling a comprehensive species status assessment. We propose a network of regional operators, researchers, and stakeholders who could regularly contribute updated data on populations, threats, and conservation actions, employing a dynamic real‐time repository. This approach would enable assessors to access an up‐to‐date overview, improving the Red List assessments' efficiency, accuracy, and consistency. Expanding assessors and training early‐career professionals would also standardize evaluation criteria and reduce subjectivity. By capitalizing on IUCN's training expertise, these changes aim to enhance the robustness of assessments, supporting more effective, evidence‐based conservation.
Bioequivalence of Aripiprazole Oral Soluble Films and Orally Disintegrating Tablets in Healthy Participants: A Crossover Study
Authors: Li Ruoming , Yang Shaojie , Yang Guigang , Gu Xingli , Zhang Zuokai , Wang Taixin , Tan Yunlong , Chen Song 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a serious mental disorder with high disability rates, and antipsychotics, especially second‐generation ones like aripiprazole, are the cornerstone of treatment. As a novel formulation, oral soluble films (OSF) offer an alternative to tablets or capsules, improving patient compliance. This study aimed to assess the bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, and safety of aripiprazole OSF and aripiprazole orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) in healthy Chinese participants. A single‐dose, randomized, open‐label, and crossover study was conducted. Participants received 10 mg of test aripiprazole OSF (Qilu Pharmaceutical) and reference aripiprazole ODT (Otsuka Pharmaceutical) under fasting and fed states. The fasting trial comprised a three‐sequence, three‐period design, while the fed trial comprised a two‐sequence, two‐period design. In the fasting trial, after single oral dosing of aripiprazole OSF (with water), aripiprazole OSF (without water), and aripiprazole ODT, Cmax were 55 ± 10 ng/mL, 54 ± 10 ng/mL, and 48 ± 13 ng/mL, respectively; the AUC0‐72h were 1857 ± 377 h·ng/mL, 1823 ± 350 h·ng/mL, and 1745 ± 405 h·ng/mL, respectively. In the fed trial, after single oral dosing of aripiprazole OSF and ODT with water, the Cmax were 43 ± 9 ng/mL and 43 ± 10 ng/mL, respectively; AUC0‐72h were 2024 ± 387 h·ng/mL and 1994 ± 426 h·ng/mL, respectively. In terms of bioequivalence evaluation, the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratio of the main PK parameters of aripiprazole OSF and ODT in the fasting and fed states were all within the acceptable equivalence range (80%–125%). Both formulations were well‐tolerated. In conclusion, aripiprazole OSF and ODT reached bioequivalence, and aripiprazole OSF demonstrates significant potential for application in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Long‐Term Headache Outcome and Radiological Correlates in Patients With Intracranial Hypotension
Authors: Romozzi Marina , Garignano Giuseppe , Funcis Antonio , Martinelli Renata , Rossi Marco , Calabresi Paolo , Vollono Catello , Signorelli Francesco 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundHeadache is the most common presenting symptom of intracranial hypotension (IH), and it usually has orthostatic features. However, the outcome of IH and the persistence and characteristics of headache are still overlooked.MethodsIn this cohort study, patients diagnosed with IH in our institute between 2018 and 2024 were included. Demographical and clinical data, headache characteristics, etiology, type of treatment (epidural blood patch (EBP), surgical or conservative), and MRI findings were collected. We conducted follow‐up visits on headache characteristics and the persistence of headache ≥ 12 months of EBP/conservative treatment.ResultsForty‐five patients with a diagnosis of IH were included (mean age of 53.0 ± 14.9 years); 35 (77.8%) were diagnosed with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and 10 (22.2%) with secondary IH. EBP was performed on 22 patients (48.9%). Headache was the most common symptom at presentation, in 38/45 patients (84.4%), with orthostatic features in 32 (71.1%). Forty‐four patients (97.8%) had brain MRI abnormalities. Follow‐up visits were conducted after 31.6 ± 15.7 months; 28/41 (68.3%) patients reported headache during the first 12 months, and 22/41 (53.7%) ≥ 12 months. Headache persistence for ≥ 12 months was significantly lower in patients who received EBP (27.3%) compared to those who did not (63.2%) (p = 0.021). Logistic regression showed that receiving EBP was the only factor significantly associated with reduced likelihood of persistent headache for ≥ 12 months (OR = 0.082, 95% CI [0.007,0.903], p = 0.041). Radiological features differed significantly between patients with SIH and those with secondary etiologies.ConclusionA large proportion of patients with IH continue to experience headache beyond one year; EBP was the only predictor of headache persisting ≥ 12 months.
Spatiotemporal Patterns in Profiles of Amino Acids Indicates They Are Unlikely Singular Olfactory Cues Underlying Natal Homing in Migratory Fishes
Authors: Kimmel Jacob G. , Buchinger Tyler J. , Tamrakar Sonam , Huerta Belinda , Larson Douglas L. , Baker Edward A. , Zorn Troy G. , Scribner Kim T. , Li Weiming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Migratory fishes are renowned for their ability to home to natal streams for spawning. Learned olfactory cues play a critical role in natal homing of Pacific salmon and other fishes, but the underlying chemical signature of streams remains poorly understood after decades of study. The molecules that convey a stream‐specific odour must differ among sites but remain constant over time. Among leading odorant candidates are amino acids; however, little research has assessed the spatial and temporal variability of amino acid profiles in streams.

We report a comprehensive chemical study of dissolved amino acids as potential olfactory cues for homing by migratory fish. Specifically, we profiled amino acids in water from 23 streams in the upper Laurentian Great Lakes basin over 2 years. We investigated variation in amino acid profiles (1) among regions and rivers within a year, (2) between years and (3) among sites and across the seasons of migration and early life history within a stream.

Liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed nanomolar concentrations for most of the 20 L‐amino acids measured, above the levels detectable by studied migratory fishes. Moreover, amino acid profiles were temporally stable between 2 years and across an annual season from adult spawning migration through offspring early‐life development within a stream. However, spatial differences in amino acid profiles were evident primarily over large geographic distances (among regions) but not among tributaries within regions or among sites within a stream.

Collectively, our results indicate dissolved amino acids may be consistent components of rivers' odorant profiles but suggest additional molecules are likely important for natal homing of migratory fishes to specific spawning sites. We suggest that future studies consider the combined importance of amino acids and molecules from other chemical classes. Understanding the chemical basis of olfactory‐guided natal homing is especially important as human activities could alter the odorant profiles of streams and thereby disrupt fish migrations and negatively impact population recruitment.
Multiphysical field full‐process simulation of gallium oxide with EFG approach
Authors: Yin Changshuai , Meng Biao , Zhao Songpeng , Yan Yujie , Wang Qijun , Wu Gai , Liang Kang , Li Zaoyang , Jia Zhitai , Wei Qiangmin , Liu Sheng , Zhang Zhaofu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe quality of single‐crystal growth for ultra‐wide bandgap semiconductor material β‐Ga2O3, a crucial material for the next generation of power electronic devices, currently constrains its broader applications. In this work, the edge‐defined film‐fed growth (EFG) process of gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) single crystals is simulated and analyzed, the thermal field in the growth furnace is designed, and the appropriate crystal growth conditions are determined through multiphysical field full‐process simulation, aiming to optimize the crystal quality. By introducing the volume force and Lorentz force, the solid–liquid phase transition and temperature distribution in the crucible are analyzed comprehensively. The optimal capillary gap width of 0.5 mm during crystal transport is obtained by the two‐phase flow method. The structure and thermal field of the meniscus are analyzed in detail using the equivalent circle model, and the optimal range of the meniscus height is determined to be 0.90–2.94 mm. Finally, the crystal quality is compared using the EFG growth approach with and without the optimized process. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in crystal quality following the optimization process informed by our proposed full‐process simulation. This research provides pioneering concepts and strategies for the further design and optimization of the EFG system for β‐Ga2O3 and related materials.
Perceived Safety Conditions and Self‐Management: How Do They Associate With Stress of Conscience Among Nurses and Other Healthcare Workers?
Authors: Herttalampi Mari , Bernhard‐Oettel Claudia , Feldt Taru 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsTo investigate how team psychological safety and organisational psychosocial safety climate associate with self‐management and hindrance‐ and violation‐related stress of conscience among nurses and other healthcare workers.DesignA longitudinal survey study with two data points.MethodsHealthcare personnel (n = 241, 40% nurses) rated perceived safety in 2021, possibilities to self‐manage their work in 2023, and stress of conscience in 2021 and 2023.ResultsTeam psychological safety and organisational psychosocial safety climate positively predicted self‐management of executing work, whereas only the organisational part predicted self‐management of leading work. Unexpectedly, self‐management of leading one's work was positively associated with hindrance‐related stress of conscience.ConclusionWhen employees feel safe to take interpersonal risks in their team and have possibilities to prioritise their work goals and influence the ways work performance is measured, it can increase, rather than reduce, feelings of not being able to act according to what the employee sees as morally right.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareProviding adequate resources to meet the insights arising from a psychologically safe work team seem to be especially important for nurses.ImpactHealthcare employees need possibilities to actualize and follow through the insights that can emerge from having high psychological safety and high opportunities for self‐management.Reporting MethodThe STROBE checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing Pressure Injury Guidelines for Nutrition Assessment and Alternating Pressure Air Mattress Allocation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Wan Ching Shan , Musgrave‐Takeda Mika , M. Gillespie Brigid , Tobiano Georgia , Mcinnes Elizabeth 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsTo investigate clinicians' views on barriers and facilitators to implementing pressure injury prevention guideline recommendations for nutrition assessment and treatment, and de‐implementing inappropriate alternating pressure air mattress allocation.DesignA qualitative descriptive study adhering to the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines.MethodsWe conducted face‐to‐face or videoconference focus groups and semi‐structured individual interviews with clinicians recruited from a metropolitan tertiary hospital. Participants were purposively sampled according to their years of clinical practice. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed inductively to derive barriers and facilitators to guideline uptake. These were then mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework and behaviour change techniques to inform an evidence‐based implementation intervention development to improve guideline uptake.ResultsThirteen nurses, four occupational therapists and three dietitians were interviewed. Six themes illustrate three guideline‐specific barriers and three common facilitators influencing nutrition‐ and mattress‐related guideline uptake. The three barriers were: (1) nurses devalue the use of validated tools in nutrition screening; (2) nurses prioritise vital‐sign‐related nursing duties over feeding assistance according to clinical urgency; and (3) nurses consider air mattresses a preventative strategy irrespective of patient PI risks. Facilitators to improve guideline uptake were: (1) nurse‐led interdisciplinary collaboration, (2) carer involvement and (3) easily accessible updated guidelines. Different Theoretical Domains Framework domains and behaviour change techniques were mapped to the identified nutrition‐ and mattress‐related barriers.ConclusionThe findings highlight three key nurses' attitudinal barriers to nutrition‐ and mattress‐related guideline uptake, which inform the development of theory‐ and end‐user‐informed implementation interventions in pressure injury prevention.ImplicationsAn implementation strategical plan that addresses attitudinal barriers to improving guideline uptake for nutrition assessment and treatment and reducing air mattress overprescription appears critical in developing an intervention to enhance value‐based practice, which will need to be evaluated in future trials.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Abortion and Democratic Equality
Authors: Pallikkathayil Japa 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA central tenet of the liberal tradition in political philosophy is that citizens must be able to relate to one another as equals. I argue that this commitment to what has been called democratic equality is in tension with legal prohibitions on abortion prior to fetal viability. The most minimal commitment of democratic equality is equality before the law, which requires that the state treat like cases alike. My primary argument focuses on showing how this requirement cannot be reconciled with restrictive abortion laws given the other laws and practices common in liberal democracies. This is so even if we think of fetuses as citizens, as I suggest we should. Moreover, the changes states would need to make to their other laws and practices to bring them into line with restrictive abortion laws are intuitively deeply disturbing. I give a secondary argument showing how these intuitive reactions may be vindicated by more substantive reflection on democratic equality and its presuppositions. But the primary argument has force for anyone who rejects the extensive state control over citizens' bodies that would be needed to reconcile restrictive abortion laws with equality before the law, even if they do so on other grounds.
Effects of Digital Game‐Based Learning on Student's Problem‐Solving Ability: A Three‐Level Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Cai Zhihui , Zhang Xin , Liu Caiyan , Zhan Jieni 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundProblem‐solving ability is an important skill for students to develop in the 21st century. Many previous studies have focused on the impact of diverse digital educational games on problem‐solving ability. However, there is inconsistency in the findings, with some studies reporting positive effects of digital game‐based learning (DGBL) on problem‐solving ability, while others either found no significant improvement or reported negative effects.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to conduct a three‐level meta‐analysis to investigate the influence of DGBL on problem‐solving ability. Additionally, the study aimed to examine various moderating factors to explore the potential sources of inconsistency among the primary studies.MethodsThrough a systematic literature search, 21 primary studies were identified, encompassing a total of 60 effect sizes. The analysis involved assessing the effectiveness of DGBL in enhancing students' problem‐solving ability and examining heterogeneity among the studies. Moderator analysis was also conducted to explore the impact of different factors on the effectiveness of DGBL.Results and ConclusionsThe results indicated that DGBL could effectively enhance students' problem‐solving ability (g = 0.654), with significant heterogeneity observed among studies (Q = 858.358, p < 0.001). Furthermore, our findings suggested that studies focusing on the perception of problem‐solving ability (g = 1.498) yielded significantly larger effect size compared to studies focused on problem‐solving skill (g = 0.440). Moreover, combining relevant teaching strategies with DGBL (g = 1.246) resulted in a significantly better effect compared to using DGBL alone (g = 0.399). The analysis of moderating factors revealed that the effect size was significantly influenced by teaching strategy and problem‐solving construct. Other examined moderating factors did not show significant effects on the inconsistent findings.