bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of multiple firings on optical and mechanical properties of Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate glass-ceramic of varying thickness
Authors: Rizk Amr , Abdou Ahmed , Ashraf Reem , Omar Sarah 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effect of multiple firings on color, translucency, and biaxial flexure strength of Virgilite-containing (Li0.5Al0.5Si2.5O6) lithium disilicate glass ceramics of varying thickness.

Materials and methods
Sixty discs were prepared from Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate blocks. Discs were divided according to thickness (n = 30) into T0.5 (0.5 mm) and T1.0 (1.0 mm). Each thickness was divided according to the number of firing cycles (n = 10); F1 (Control group): 1 firing cycle; F3: 3 firing cycles, and F5: 5 firing cycles. The discs were tested for color change (ΔE00) and translucency (TP00) using a spectrophotometer. Then, all samples were subjected to biaxial flexure strength testing using a universal testing machine. Data were collected and statistically analyzed (α = 0.5). For chemical analysis, six additional T0.5 discs (2 for each firing cycle) were prepared; for each firing cycle one disc was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and another disc was subjected to Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Results
Repeated firing significantly reduced the translucency of F3 and F5 compared to F1 in T0.5 (p < 0.001), while for T1.0 only F5 showed a significant decrease in TP00 (p < 0.001). For ΔE00, a significant increase was recorded with repeated firings (p < 0.05) while a significant decrease resulted in the biaxial flexure strength regardless of thickness.

Conclusions
Repeated firings had a negative effect on both the optical and mechanical properties of the Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate glass ceramics.

Clinical relevance
Repeated firings should be avoided with Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate ceramics to decrease fracture liability and preserve restoration esthetics.
The effect of preoperative botulinum toxin a injection on traction force during hernia repair: a prospective, single-blind study, intra-patient comparison using contralateral side as a control
Authors: Woo Soo Hyun , Lee Seok Joon , Park Jun-Young , Kim Eun Key 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Ventral hernias are a common complication of laparotomy, posing challenges particularly when primary fascial closure is unattainable. Although chemical component separation using preoperative botulinum toxin A (BTX) injections has emerged as a promising adjunct, objective evidence of its efficacy remains limited. This study aimed to objectively assess the effect of preoperative BTX on traction force during ventral hernia repair.

Methods
A prospective, single-blind study was conducted on patients with midline incisional hernias following liver transplantation. BTX was administered unilaterally, and the traction force required to medially advance the anterior rectus sheath was measured intraoperatively. Pre- and post-injection CT scans were analyzed for changes in hernia size and LAW muscle measurements. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate traction force differences between BTX-injected and uninjected sides.

Results
Ten patients underwent hernia repair with primary fascial closure achieved in all cases. Comparison of pre- and post-injection CT scans showed no significant changes in hernia size. LAW muscle length increased by 1.8 cm, while thickness decreased by 0.2 cm. Intraoperative traction force measurements revealed a significant reduction on the BTX-injected side compared to the uninjected side (p < 0.0001). The traction force ratio on the BTX-injected to the uninjected side averaged 57%, indicating the efficacy of BTX in reducing tension.

Conclusion
Preoperative BTX significantly reduces traction force during ventral hernia repair, highlighting its potential as an adjunctive therapy in complex cases. While challenges remain in patient selection and outcome assessment, BTX offers a promising avenue for enhancing abdominal wall reconstruction outcomes and reducing surgical complications.
A focus group study for the design of a web-based tool for improving problem-solving in older adults
Authors: Cipolletta Sabrina , Signorello Dario , Zuppiroli Sara , Hering Alexandra , Ballhausen Nicola , Mioni Giovanna , Kliegel Matthias , Gaspari Mauro , Stablum Franca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe development of easily accessible and usable social and cognitive enhancement trainings is becoming a priority to reduce the impact of aging on quality of life. Since most activities of daily living (e.g., making a meal) require problem-solving skills, problem-solving interventions could be used to improve and/or maintain functional abilities in aging to prolong independence. To design an effective problem-solving training and increase older adults' adherence to the training, this study examined older adults' perceptions of their challenges in activities of daily living, their skills and difficulties in using information technology (IT), and their motivations and expectations for participating in a web-based problem-solving training activity. Four focus groups (two in Italy and two in the Netherlands) were conducted with older adults aged between 65 and 84 years, a total of 27 participants. The data were analyzed using the Atlas.ti 8 software for the thematic analysis. The analysis identified five thematic areas: interests and activities, difficulties and concerns, experiences and motivations for training, expertise and resources, suggestions for the design of the new training. The results were used to develop a first prototype of a Shared, Web-based, Intelligent Flexible Thinking Training (SWIFT), adapted to future user needs. The participation of older adults in this design phase was critical to understanding their needs, motivations, and expectations regarding the implementation and use of a cognitive enhancement training.
Historical trends of heavy metals applying radio-dating and neutron activation analysis (NAA) in sediment cores, Burullus Lagoon, Egypt
Authors: Ghanem Alia , Nada Afaf , Abu-Zeid Hosnia , Madcour Waiel , Shetaia Said A. , Imam Noha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBurullus lagoon is part of Egypt’s protected area network. The lagoon serves as a reservoir for drainage water discharged from agricultural areas, and the lake’s sediments provide a unique opportunity to record environmental behavior and reconstruct of the heavy metal contamination history. In the present study, the sediment chronology, sedimentation rates, and metal accumulation fluxes were estimated in four sediment cores using 210Pb dating models to evaluate how human activities have affected the coastal environment. Using the radioisotopes 210Pb and 137Cs, radiometric dating was carried out using gamma-ray spectrometry. At the Egypt Second Research Reactor (ETRR-2), the element concentrations were determined using the instrumented neutron activation analysis (INAA- k0 method). Our findings show that the constant rate of supply (CRS), which has been verified with the peak of artificial radionuclide 137Cs, is the best model performed for the chronology of Burullus Lagoon. The average sedimentation rate, according to 210Pb dating models, is 0.85 cm/year. The large variation in sedimentation rates, especially after the 1990s, is consistent with an increase in the anthropogenic flux of heavy metals. This may be led into a significant environmental problem such as reducing the size of the lake and degrading the quality the water in Burullus Lagoon. Enrichment factor (EF) of the studied elements displayed the following order: Cl > Ca > Na > Br > Zn > Ta > Ti > V > Cr > Sc > Mg > Mn > Fe > Hf which is higher than unity. Furthermore, the Nemerow pollution index (PI Nemerow) revealed that pollution was increasing in the direction of the drains and slightly polluted. Consequently, pollutant indices showed that urbanization and industrial development may have increased the depositional fluxes of the metals in sediments over time.
Classifying moisture sources associated with snowfall in the mountains of Lesotho
Authors: Marinaki Alexi M. , Fitchett Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn average of eight snowfall events occur each year in the eastern Lesotho Highlands. These snowfall events are typically associated with cut-off low (CoLs) systems and mid-latitude cyclones. However, the moisture sources of the snowfall are unclassified and unclear. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, an air mass back trajectory model, has been used to evaluate moisture source waters locally in southern Africa and internationally in China and Europe. This study uses HYSPLIT to determine the source moisture of snow in Lesotho. A list of all 82 snowfall events in Lesotho spanning 2017 to 2022 was compiled using the Snow Report SA Instagram page, including the date and location of snowfall. A 72-hour back trajectory for each snowfall event was initiated for both Afriski and the whole of Lesotho. This amounts to models of moisture source trajectories for 28 and 82 snowfall days, respectively. These air mass pathways are classified according to their frequency per snowfall event, per month in the snow season, per year and for the full period. From this, associated moisture source regions and dominant air mass trajectories were identified. This study reports that the air mass trajectories associated with Afriski and Lesotho as a whole are very similar. The most common pathway of air mass trajectories transporting snow-bearing moisture to Lesotho was an inland trajectory from the northern regions of southern Africa. This pathway makes up 16.6% of all trajectories reported and is associated with the Angola Low, the Congo Air Boundary and the St. Helena High Pressure.
Current Management of Neuroendocrine Tumour Liver Metastases
Authors: Sharma Aditya , Muralitharan Mughilan , Ramage John , Clement Dominique , Menon Krishna , Srinivasan Parthi , Elmasry Mohamed , Reed Nick , Seager Matthew , Srirajaskanthan Rajaventhan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of review
This article aims to illustrate the current state of investigations and management of liver metastases in patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rising in incidence globally and have become the second most prevalent gastrointestinal malignancy in UK and USA. Frequently, patients have metastatic disease at time of presentation. The liver is the most common site of metastases for gastro-enteropancreatic NETs. Characterisation of liver metastases with imaging is important to ensure disease is not under-staged.

Recent Findings
Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography are now becoming standard of care for imaging liver metastases. There is an increasing armamentarium of therapies available for management of NETs and loco-regional therapy for liver metastases. The data supporting surgical and loco-regional therapy is reviewed with focus on role of liver transplantation.

Summary
It is important to use appropriate imaging and classification of NET liver metastases. It is key that decisions regarding approach to treatment is undertaken in a multidisciplinary team and that individualised approaches are considered for management of patients with metastatic NETs.
Neoadjuvant talazoparib in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation-positive, early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: exploration of tumor BRCA mutational status
Authors: Telli Melinda L. , Litton Jennifer K. , Beck J. Thaddeus , Jones Jason M. , Andersen Jay , Mina Lida A. , Brig Raymond , Danso Michael , Yuan Yuan , Symmans William F. , Hopkins Julia F. , Albacker Lee A. , Abbattista Antonello , Noonan Kay , Mata Marielena , Laird A. Douglas , Blum Joanne L. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Talazoparib monotherapy in patients with germline BRCA-mutated, early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) showed activity in the neoadjuvant setting in the phase II NEOTALA study (NCT03499353). These biomarker analyses further assessed the mutational landscape of the patients enrolled in the NEOTALA study.

Methods
Baseline tumor tissue from the NEOTALA study was tested retrospectively using FoundationOne®CDx. To further hypothesis-driven correlative analyses, agnostic heat-map visualizations of the FoundationOne®CDx tumor dataset were used to assess overall mutational landscape and identify additional candidate predictive biomarkers of response.

Results
All patients enrolled (N = 61) had TNBC. In the biomarker analysis population, 75.0% (39/52) and 25.0% (13/52) of patients exhibited BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, respectively. Strong concordance (97.8%) was observed between tumor BRCA and germline BRCA mutations, and 90.5% (38/42) of patients with tumor BRCA mutations evaluable for somatic-germline-zygosity were predicted to exhibit BRCA loss of heterozygosity (LOH). No patients had non-BRCA germline DNA damage response (DDR) gene variants with known/likely pathogenicity, based on a panel of 14 non-BRCA DDR genes. Ninety-eight percent of patients had TP53 mutations. Genomic LOH, assessed continuously or categorically, was not associated with response.

Conclusion
The results from this exploratory biomarker analysis support the central role of BRCA and TP53 mutations in tumor pathobiology. Furthermore, these data support assessing germline BRCA mutational status for molecular eligibility for talazoparib in patients with TNBC.
Sedimentary characteristics and model of Cambrian storm in Xuzhou area
Authors: Yue Deng , Yongwang Zhang , WeiLe Hou , Xiaoran Wang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe storm deposition types within the Dabeiwang area of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, showcase a wide range of diversity and distinctly apparent characteristics. Based on measured sections and thin-section observations, we have studied the typical characteristics of storm deposition in this area, divided the sedimentary sequence, and summarized a comprehensive model of storm deposition. Various rock types such as thick-bedded dolomitic limestone, oolitic limestone, and calcirudite are developed in the study area. The calcirudite exhibits bamboo leaf-like morphology and various distribution forms. Typical storm sedimentary structures such as scour surfaces and mound cross-bedding were identified in the study area. Based on the distance of the gravel layer from the storm center and the depositional environment, the storm sedimentary sequence in the study area can be divided into allopatric-proximal-lagoon facies storm deposit, allopatric-distal-oolitic shoal facies storm deposit, autochthonous-supratidal facies storm deposit, allopatric-distal-interbeach marine storm deposit, sub-allopatric-tide zone facies storm deposit, and autochthonous-tide zone facies storm deposit. We summarize the comprehensive model of Cambrian storm deposition in the Dabeiwang area of Xuzhou, which has enriched the research results of Cambrian storm deposition in Xuzhou and provides support for the construction of a lithofacies paleogeographic pattern.
Innovation Performance in the Digital Divide Context: Nexus of Digital Infrastructure, Digital Innovation, and E-knowledge
Authors: Hussain Hadi , Jun Wen , Radulescu Magdalena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to speedily changing surroundings and market opportunities, a firm’s digital infrastructure is becoming increasingly significant as it performs a vital role in enhancing its innovation performance and equals viable benefits to the digital divide. The firm’s success is mainly dependent on its novelty and ability to innovate. The pivotal role of the digital infrastructure in increasing innovation performance has been explored in studies relating to innovation. The current research explores how digital infrastructure enhances innovation performance by examining the interplay between digital innovation and the moderating role of e-knowledge. Utilizing quantitative methods, this study gathered data through questionnaires from 383 respondents across various SMEs in China. The results highlight the significant impact of digital infrastructure on improving innovation performance. Additionally, the findings emphasize that digital innovation plays a crucial role in influencing the relationship between digital infrastructure and innovation performance. Furthermore, the study reveals that e-knowledge intervenes in this relationship, acting as a critical moderator. These insights underscore the complex dynamics of digital infrastructure’s role in fostering innovation within SMEs. The study extends an existing pool of knowledge regarding the large-scale influence of digital infrastructure on innovation performance. This shows that digital innovations and e-knowledge deliver through the mechanism of digital infrastructure linkage and contribute to improved innovation performance.
Local climate, air quality and leaf litter cover shape foliar fungal communities on an urban tree
Authors: Faticov Maria , Amorim Jorge H. , Abdelfattah Ahmed , van Dijk Laura J. A. , Carvalho Ana Cristina , Laforest-Lapointe Isabelle , Tack Ayco J. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFoliar fungi on urban trees are important for tree health, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Yet, we lack insights into how urbanization influences foliar fungal communities. We created detailed maps of Stockholm region’s climate and air quality and characterized foliar fungi from mature oaks (Quercus robur) across climatic, air quality and local habitat gradients. Fungal richness was higher in locations with high growing season relative humidity, and fungal community composition was structured by growing season maximum temperature, NO2 concentration and leaf litter cover. The relative abundance of mycoparasites and endophytes increased with temperature. The relative abundance of pathogens was lowest with high concentrations of NO2 and particulate matter (PM2.5), while saprotrophs increased with leaf litter cover. Our findings show that urbanization influences foliar fungi, providing insights for developing management guidelines to promote tree health, prevent disease outbreaks and maintain biodiversity within urban landscapes.
Higher analogues of discrete topological complexity
Authors: Alabay Hilal , Borat Ayşe , Cihangirli Esra , Erdal Esma Dirican 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the nth discrete topological complexity and study its properties such as its relation with simplicial Lusternik–Schnirelmann category and how the higher dimensions of discrete topological complexity relate with each other. Moreover, we find a lower bound of n-th discrete topological complexity which is given by the nth usual topological complexity of the geometric realisation of that complex. Furthermore, we give an example for the strict case of that lower bound.
Advancing Psoriasis Care through Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Smith Payton , Johnson Chandler E. , Haran Kathryn , Orcales Faye , Kranyak Allison , Bhutani Tina , Riera-Monroig Josep , Liao Wilson 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Machine learning (ML), a subset of artificial intelligence (AI), has been vital in advancing tasks such as image classification and speech recognition. Its integration into clinical medicine, particularly dermatology, offers a significant leap in healthcare delivery.

Recent Findings
This review examines the impact of ML on psoriasis—a condition heavily reliant on visual assessments for diagnosis and treatment. The review highlights five areas where ML is reshaping psoriasis care: diagnosis of psoriasis through clinical and dermoscopic images, skin severity quantification, psoriasis biomarker identification, precision medicine enhancement, and AI-driven education strategies. These advancements promise to improve patient outcomes, especially in regions lacking specialist care. However, the success of AI in dermatology hinges on dermatologists’ oversight to ensure that ML’s potential is fully realized in patient care, preserving the essential human element in medicine.

Summary
This collaboration between AI and human expertise could define the future of dermatological treatments, making personalized care more accessible and precise.
Eating and Cognition in Two Animals without Neurons: Sponges and Trichoplax
Authors: Bechtel William , Bich Leonardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEating is a fundamental behavior in which all organisms must engage in order to procure the material and energy from their environment that they need to maintain themselves. Since controlling eating requires procuring, processing, and assessing information, it constitutes a cognitive activity that provides a productive domain for pursuing cognitive biology as proposed by Ladislav Kováč. In agreement with Kováč, we argue that cognition is fundamentally grounded in chemical signaling and processing. To support this thesis, we adopt Cisek’s strategy of phylogenetic refinement, focusing on two animal phyla, Porifera and Placozoa, organisms that do not have neurons, muscles, or an alimentary canal, but nonetheless need to coordinate the activity of cells of multiple types in order to eat. We review what research has revealed so far about how these animals gather and process information to control their eating behavior.
Evaluation and Management of Shoulder Dysfunction in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Lee Hwajin , Stubblefield Michael D. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Shoulder dysfunction widely affects function and quality of life of cancer survivors. This paper discusses the etiology, identification, evaluation, and management of the common shoulder impairments seen in cancer survivors, particularly those with breast cancer, head and neck cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma.

Recent Findings
Shoulder dysfunction can be caused by a wide range of sources, often as a sequelae of cancer treatments including surgery, systemic therapy, and radiation therapy. These can change the shoulder biomechanics leading to musculoskeletal disorders such as rotator cuff disease and adhesive capsulitis. Other etiologies include neuromuscular complications, such as post-breast surgery pain syndrome and radiation fibrosis syndrome, and lymphovascular disorders such as lymphedema and axillary web syndrome. Metastatic bone disease and primary bone cancer should be considered for those with intense shoulder pain. Detailed history and physical exam, and in some cases, imaging can assist with evaluation of shoulder issues. Exercise, physical and occupation therapy are essential in managing shoulder dysfunction.

Summary
Shoulder dysfunction can limit function and quality of life for cancer survivors. It is important to consider the possible etiologies as accurate diagnosis is critical for optimal treatment.