bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bit error rate performance of orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing relaying systems with high power amplifiers and Doppler effects
Authors: Ahmed Hassan A. , Sulyman Ahmed Iyanda , Hassanein Hossam S. 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the bit error rate performance of orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing systems in mobile multihop relaying channels. We considered the uplink scenario and quantified the effects of mobile channel impairments such as Doppler shift due to user mobility per hop, high power amplifier distortions when amplifying the transmitted/relayed orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing symbol per hop, and the cumulative effects of these impairments on multihop relaying channels. It was shown that the resulting intercarrier interference due to the cumulative effects of the phase noise generated by these impairments per hop becomes very significant in a multihop relaying communication system and severely degrades the bit error rate performance of the system. Simulation results agree well with and validate the analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crustal Accretion and Metamorphism of Mesoarchean Granulites in Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone, Southern India
Authors: Choudhary A.K. , Jain A.K. , Singh Sandeep , Manickavasagam Rm. , Chandra K. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
This work provides unequivocal evidence of the existence of Mesoarchean granulite facies metamorphic event in the Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone (PCSZ) of South India. Charnockite samples from two prominent hills at Kollaimalai (KM) and Pachchaimalai (PM) as well as from two quarries within the Bhavani Shear Zone (BSZ) have been analyzed for their Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr ages to investigate the existence or otherwise of the Archean granulite facies events within the PCSZ. The Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron ages for massive charnockites from both the hills appear to be contemporaneous at 2.9 Ga with the initial Sr isotopic ratios of 0.7012 and 0.7014, respectively. However, the Rb-Sr data for whole-rock samples of basic granulites from one of the quarries within the BSZ indicate open system behavior, while the charnockites from the other quarry have insufficient spread in 87Rb/86Sr ratios and do not yield any isochron. The Sm-Nd data, on the other hand, do not distinguish between the massive charnockite and the lowland charnockite and yield Depleted Mantle model ages in the range 2.98±0.3 Ga for all of them. The εT CHUR for all of these rocks are highly positive. Both the Sr isotopic ratios and positive εT CHUR values for these rocks strongly suggest a mantle source for all of them. An upper age limit of ~3.28 Ga may be assigned to the crustal accretion of the protolith of all these rocks on the basis of their Nd model ages. The Rb-Sr isochron ages of 2.9 Ga for the two massifs could be the age of granulite facies metamorphism. Thus, the metamorphism in the KM and PM Hills took place within ~100 Ma of crustal accretion of these rocks and probably was part of the same geological event of crust formation and metamorphism. The open system behavior with respect to Rb-Sr isotopes in the basic granulite from Bhavani is possibly due to the migration of Sr isotopes, triggered during the later shearing of these rocks.
Radiocarbon Evidence of Paleo-recharge (pre-Saraswati period) of Potential Deep Aquifer in Thar Desert
Authors: Reddy D. V. , Nagabhushanam P. , Rao M. R. , Mitra D. S. , Tripati B. M. , Sinha S. K. , Bhadu B. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC), India, embarked upon exploration and exploitation of deep groundwater under the project named as “Saraswati” in arid Thar desert, Rajasthan, with a societal mission of providing water to the local people and cattle. A 555 m deep well drilled by the ONGC near Jaisalmer town in 2006 encountered a potential aquifer at a depth of 450-500 m. Radiocarbon dating of this well water indicated paleo-recharge to be &gt;40,000 yr BP (uncorrected) (Before Present with respect to 1950 AD), while the medium depth (~200 m) well waters around that area showed an age range of ~9,000 to 17,000 yr BP (uncorrected). These waters represent pre-Saraswati era recharge, because the mighty Saraswati flowed in this region between 7000 – 4000 yr BP. The stable isotope (δD and δ18O) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) data of these waters clearly indicated absence of communication between the two aquifers (deep and medium depth). However, the extension of this deep aquifer needs to be determined.
The Mw 7.5 2009 Coco Earthquake, North Andaman Region
Authors: Mahesh P. , Bansal Amit , Kundu B. , Catherine J. K. , Gahalaut V. K. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
The recent 10 August 2009 Coco earthquake (Mw 7.5), the largest aftershock of the giant 2004 Sumatra Andaman earthquake, occurred within the subducting India plate under the Burma plate. The Coco earthquake nucleated near the northwestern edge of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake rupture under the unruptured updip segment of the plate boundary interface. The earthquake with predominant normal motion on approximately north-south to northeast-southwest oriented plane is very similar to the 27 June 2008 Little Andaman earthquake which occurred in the South Andaman region near the trench. We provide the only available estimate of coseismic offset due to the 2009 Coco earthquake at a survey-mode GPS site in the north Andaman, located about 60 km south of the Coco earthquake epicentre. The not so large coseismic displacement of about 2 cm in the ESE direction is consistent with the earthquake focal mechanism and its magnitude. We suggest that, like the 2008 Little Andaman earthquake, this earthquake too occurred on one of the approximately north-south to northeast-southwest oriented steep planes of the obliquely subducting 90°E ridge which was reactivated in normal motion after subduction, under the favourable influence of coseismic and ongoing postseismic deformation due to the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Another notable feature of this earthquake is its relatively low aftershock productivity. We suggest that the earthquake occurred very close to the aseismic region of the Irrawaddy frontal arc of very low seismicity where pre-existing faults are not so critically stressed and because of which the earthquake could trigger only a few aftershocks in its immediate vicinity.
Engineering Geological Rock Mass Classification of Punasa Tunnel Site, Khandwa District, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Gupta M. C. , Singh B. K. , Singh K. N. 
Published: April 2011

Abstract
Systematic rock mass characterization is an integral part of rock engineering practices. In the present scenario several classifications are in used for rock mass characterization for tunnelling. The present paper discusses engineering geological investigations carried out for Punasa tunnel, a part of Narmada Sagar project. The horse shoe shaped tunnel is 3675.25 m long and 9 m in diameter. This straight and free flow tunnel has been constructed in basaltic lava flows erupted during Cretaceous to Eocene age, belonging to poor to fair rock mass rating (RMR) and extremely poor to good in tunnel quality (Q-system). The values of RMR and Q-system ranges from 29 to 74 and 0.0825 to 13.33 respectively.
Jungengesundheit
Authors: Stier Bernhard 
Published: April 2011

Einleitung
Männergesundheit fängt mit Jungengesundheit an. Solange es aber kaum kompetent vertretene Jungenmedizin gibt und Beratungsangebote nur sporadisch vorhanden sind, kann auch keine Inanspruchnahme erfolgen, selbst wenn eigentlich Bedarf besteht. So braucht es dringend jungengerechte Beratungs- und Informationsangebote. Zudem benötigen wir Beurteilungskriterien, die sich nicht an weiblicher Norm orientieren, sondern Jungen und Mädchen als eigenständig in ihrer Entwicklung akzeptieren und beurteilen.
Effect of a Supervised Hip Flexor Stretching Program on Gait in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Watt Jaclyn R. , Jackson Keith , Franz Jason R. , Dicharry Jay , Evans Jonathan , Kerrigan D. Casey 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveTo determine whether a 10‐week supervised hip flexor stretching program in healthy elderly subjects would increase peak hip extension, stride length and gait speed and reduce anterior pelvic tilt during walking.DesignA double‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial.SettingPre‐ and posttreatment assessments were performed in a gait laboratory, whereas stretching exercises were performed outside of the laboratory, usually in the subject's home.ParticipantsEighty‐two healthy elderly individuals, with 39 subjects in the control group and 43 subjects in the treatment group.InterventionThe treatment group completed a 10‐week, twice‐daily hip flexor stretching program, which was supervised twice weekly by a rehabilitation clinician. The control group completed a 10‐week shoulder abductor stretching program.Main Outcome MeasurementsPassive hip extension range of motion, dynamic peak hip extension, peak anterior pelvic tilt, stride length, and gait speed during walking.ResultsThe treatment group showed significant improvements in passive hip extension range of motion (P = .007). Subjects in the treatment group who presented with limited preassessment peak hip extension during walking had increased stride length (P = .019) and peak hip extension (P = .012), and decreased anterior pelvic tilt (P = .006) during walking, whereas subjects in the control group showed only decreased anterior pelvic tilt (P = .013).ConclusionsThe 10‐week supervised hip flexor stretching program was effective in increasing stride length and peak hip extension during walking in elderly adults who had limited preintervention hip extension during walking. These results support the use of a simple stretching program for elderly individuals in counteracting age‐related decline in gait function.
Early Mobilization in Critically Ill Patients: Patients' Mobilization Level Depends on Health Care Provider's Profession
Authors: Garzon‐Serrano Jaime , Ryan Cheryl , Waak Karen , Hirschberg Ronald , Tully Susan , Bittner Edward A. , Chipman Daniel W. , Schmidt Ulrich , Kasotakis Georgios , Benjamin John , Zafonte Ross , Eikermann Matthias 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the level of mobilization achieved and the barriers for progressing to the next mobilization level differ between nurses and physical therapists.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingTwenty‐bed surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of the Massachusetts General Hospital.ParticipantsSixty‐three critically ill patients.MethodsPhysical therapists and nurses performed 179 mobilization therapies with 63 patients.Outcome MeasurementMobilization was defined as the process of enhancing mobility in the SICU, including bed mobility, edge of bed activities, transfers out of bed to a chair, and gait training; the mobilization level was measured on the SICU optimal mobilization scale, a 5‐point (0‐4) numerical rating scale.ResultsPatients' level of mobilization achieved by physical therapists was significantly higher compared with that achieved by nurses (2.3 ± 1.2 mean ± SD versus 1.2 ± 1.2, respectively P < .0001). Different barriers for mobilization were identified by physical therapists and nurses: hemodynamic instability (26% versus 12%, P = .03) and renal replacement therapy (12% versus 1%, P = .03) were barriers rated higher by nurses, whereas neurologic impairment was rated higher by physical therapists providers (18% versus 38%, P = .002). No mobilization‐associated adverse events were observed in this study.ConclusionsThis study showed that physical therapists mobilize their critically ill patients to higher levels compared with nurses. Nurse and physical therapists identify different barriers for mobilization. Routine involvement of physical therapists in directing mobilization treatment may promote early mobilization of critically ill patients.
Effect of a Supervised Hip Flexor Stretching Program on Gait in Frail Elderly Patients
Authors: Watt Jaclyn R. , Jackson Keith , Franz Jason R. , Dicharry Jay , Evans Jonathan , Kerrigan D. Casey 
Published: April 2011

ObjectiveTo determine whether a 10‐week supervised hip flexor stretching program in frail elderly subjects would increase peak hip extension, stride length, and gait speed and reduce anterior pelvic tilt during comfortable and fast‐paced walking.DesignA double‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial.SettingPre‐ and post‐treatment assessments were performed in a gait laboratory and stretching exercises were performed outside of the laboratory, usually in the subjects' place of residence.ParticipantsSeventy‐four frail elderly individuals, with 41 subjects in the control group and 33 subjects in the treatment group.InterventionThe treatment group completed a 10‐week twice‐daily hip flexor stretching program that was supervised twice weekly by a rehabilitation clinician. The control group completed a 10‐week shoulder abductor stretching program.Main Outcome MeasurementsDynamic peak hip extension and peak anterior pelvic tilt, stride length, and gait speed while walking at a comfortable pace and a fast pace, as well as passive hip extension range of motion.ResultsThe treatment group showed significant increases in walking speed and stride length after the intervention but showed no significant changes in peak hip extension or anterior pelvic tilt during comfortable and fast‐paced walking. The treatment group also showed significantly increased passive hip extension range of motion.ConclusionsThese results indicate that a simple stretching program is effective in improving some measures of age‐related decline in gait function in frail elderly patients. The lack of consistent improvements in walking kinematics is attributed to the presence of multiple disabilities and limitations present in the frail subjects.
Private Cops on the Fraud Beat: The Limits of American Business Self-Regulation, 1895-1932
Authors: Balleisen Edward J. 
Published: April 2011

AbstractFrom the late 1890s through the 1920s, a new set of nonprofit, business-funded organizations spearheaded an American campaign against commercial duplicity. These new organizations shaped the legal terrain of fraud, built massive public-education campaigns, and created a private law-enforcement capacity to rival that of the federal government. Largely born out of a desire among business elites to fend off proposals for extensive regulatory oversight of commercial speech, the antifraud crusade grew into a social movement that was influenced by prevailing ideas about social hygiene and emerging techniques of private governance. This initiative highlighted some enduring strengths of business self-regulation, such as agility in responding to regulatory problems; it also revealed a key weakness, which was the tendency to overlook deceptive marketing when practiced by firms that were members of the business establishment.
Relative identity, singular reference, and the Incarnation: a response to Le Poidevin
Authors: CONN CHRISTOPHER HUGHES 
Published: April 2011

AbstractIn this article I object to Le Poidevin's (2009) contention that relative identity is beset with an infinite metaphysical regress. I argue, first, that since Le Poidevin's regress argument presupposes a direct theory of reference, it does not apply to accounts of relative identity which reject this account of reference. I argue, second, that Le Poidevin's regress is not inevitable for one who accepts a direct account of reference, since it does not apply to the formal logic of relative identity which van Inwagen uses to articulate and defend the mysteries of the Trinity and the Incarnation.
Mumps outbreak in Israel's highly vaccinated society: are two doses enough?
Authors: ANIS E. , GROTTO I. , MOERMAN L. , WARSHAVSKY B. , SLATER P. E. , LEV B. 
Published: April 2011

SUMMARYMumps outbreaks in recent years have given rise to questions about the effectiveness of the mumps vaccine. This study examined the epidemiological data from a recent mumps outbreak in Israel and from outbreaks in other countries with high vaccination coverage, and considered whether long-established vaccination policies designed to protect against mumps are in need of revision. Of over 5000 case patients in the Israeli outbreak, half of whom were in the Jerusalem health district, nearly 40% were aged ⩾15 years and, of those whose vaccination status was known, 78% had been fully vaccinated for their age – features similar to those in recent mumps outbreaks in Europe and North America. The epidemiological and laboratory evidence suggests that many previously vaccinated adolescents and young adults are now susceptible to mumps because their vaccine-based immunity has waned. Booster vaccination programmes for those at high risk of infection during mumps outbreaks – particularly those in congregate living environments – merit priority consideration.
Alkoholkonsum und alkoholbezogene Mortalität, Morbidität, soziale Probleme und Folgekosten in Deutschland
Authors: Kraus Ludwig , Piontek Daniela , Pabst Alexander , Bühringer Gerhard 
Published: April 2011

Ziel: Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, einen Überblick über den Alkoholkonsum und die damit verbundenen negativen Konsequenzen in Deutschland zu geben. Methodik: Dargestellt werden Daten zum Alkoholkonsum (Alkoholwirtschaft und Bevölkerungssurveys) sowie zu alkoholbedingter Mortalität (Gesamtsterblichkeit und potenziell verlorene Lebensjahre) und Morbidität (durch Krankheit verlorene Lebensjahre), zu sozialen Folgen (Straftaten, Straßenverkehr und Arbeit) und Folgekosten des Konsums. Ergebnisse: Alkohol war im Jahr 2002 für 48.571 Todesfälle (5,5 % der Gesamtsterblichkeit) in Deutschland verantwortlich, was 970.029 potenziell verlorenen Lebensjahren entspricht. Im Jahr 2004 waren insgesamt 6,2 % der nationalen Belastung durch Krankheit und Verletzungen vom Alkoholkonsum verursacht. Allein die bei den Allgemeinen Ortskrankenkassen (AOK) registrierten alkoholbedingten Arbeitsunfähigkeitstage beliefen sich im Jahr 2008 bei ca. 82.000 Fällen auf 1,09 Mio. Eine Schätzung der durch Morbidität und Mortalität bedingten Gesamtkosten ergab für das Jahr 2002 rund 24 Mrd. Euro (1,16 % des Bruttoinlandsprodukts). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Zahlen zu Umfang und negativen Folgen des Alkoholkonsums unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit der Entwicklung einer umfassenden Alkoholpolitik.
Lens-free optical tomographic microscope with a large imaging volume on a chip
Authors: Isikman Serhan O. , Bishara Waheb , Mavandadi Sam , Yu Frank W. , Feng Steve , Lau Randy , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: April 2011

We present a lens-free optical tomographic microscope, which enables imaging a large volume of approximately 15 mm
3
on a chip, with a spatial resolution of < 1 μm × < 1 μm × < 3 μm in
x
,
y
and
z
dimensions, respectively. In this lens-free tomography modality, the sample is placed directly on a digital sensor array with, e.g., ≤ 4 mm distance to its active area. A partially coherent light source placed approximately 70 mm away from the sensor is employed to record lens-free in-line holograms of the sample from different viewing angles. At each illumination angle, multiple subpixel shifted holograms are also recorded, which are digitally processed using a pixel superresolution technique to create a single high-resolution hologram of each angular projection of the object. These superresolved holograms are digitally reconstructed for an angular range of ± 50°, which are then back-projected to compute tomograms of the sample. In order to minimize the artifacts due to limited angular range of tilted illumination, a dual-axis tomography scheme is adopted, where the light source is rotated along two orthogonal axes. Tomographic imaging performance is quantified using microbeads of different dimensions, as well as by imaging wild-type
Caenorhabditis elegans
. Probing a large volume with a decent 3D spatial resolution, this lens-free optical tomography platform on a chip could provide a powerful tool for high-throughput imaging applications in, e.g., cell and developmental biology.
OsSGO1 maintains synaptonemal complex stabilization in addition to protecting centromeric cohesion during rice meiosis
Authors: Wang Mo , Tang Ding , Wang Kejian , Shen Yi , Qin Baoxiang , Miao Chunbo , Li Ming , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: April 2011

SummaryShugoshin is a conserved protein in eukaryotes that protects the centromeric cohesin of sister chromatids from cleavage by separase during meiosis. In this study, we identify the rice (Oryza sativa, 2n = 2x = 24) homolog of ZmSGO1 in maize (Zea mays), named OsSGO1. During both mitosis and meiosis, OsSGO1 is recruited from nucleoli onto centromeres at the onset of prophase. In the Tos17‐insertional Ossgo1‐1 mutant, centromeres of sister chromatids separate precociously from each other from metaphase I, which causes unequal chromosome segregation during meiosis II. Moreover, the release of OsSGO1 from nucleoli is completely blocked in Ossgo1‐1, which leads to the absence of OsSGO1 in centromeric regions after the onset of mitosis and meiosis. Furthermore, the timely assembly and maintenance of synaptonemal complexes during early prophase I are affected in Ossgo1 mutants. Finally, we found that the centromeric localization of OsSGO1 depends on OsAM1, not other meiotic proteins such as OsREC8, PAIR2, OsMER3, or ZEP1.
Association between a polymorphism in the promoter of a glutamate receptor subunit gene (GRIN2A) and alcoholism
Authors: Domart Marie‐Charlotte , Benyamina Amine , Lemoine Antoinette , Bourgain Catherine , Blecha Lisa , Debuire Brigitte , Reynaud Michel , Saffroy Raphaël 
Published: April 2011

ABSTRACTA variable (GT)n repeat in the 5′‐regulatory region of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate GRIN2A subtype has recently been identified and associated with psychiatric disorders. In this study, we examined the association of this polymorphism with alcohol dependence. Subject–control analysis included 206 alcohol‐dependent and 168 control subjects. Average observed repeat numbers and genotype distributions were significantly different (P‐value = 0.001) in alcohol‐dependent subjects versus control subjects. Short alleles were significantly less frequent among alcohol‐dependent subjects (odds ratio = 0.58, P‐value = 7 × 10−4). These results could be replicated in an independent sample of 116 alcohol‐dependent subjects. For the first time, a significant association was identified between this polymorphism and alcoholism.