bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative solution for kinematic interaction problem of soil–structure systems with embedded foundation
Authors: Jahankhah Hossein , Ghannad M. Ali , Rahmani Mohammad T. 
Published: December 2010

SUMMARYAn effective procedure to incorporate kinematic interaction (KI) aspects in seismic analysis of soil–structures systems was presented. In this regard, first, the effect of KI on the structural response was investigated with special focus on the role of rocking component of foundation input motion (FIM). This was performed parametrically for a wide range of selected nondimensional parameters, which well define the introduced simplified soil–structure model. It was observed that ignoring the effect of rocking input motion may introduce errors, which can be on the unsafe side especially for slender structures with large embedment ratios. On the other hand, it was known that introducing the rocking input motion makes the problem too complicated to be addressed by simplified guidelines suitable for seismic codes or practicing engineers. As an alternative solution, a modified translational input motion was introduced, which can replace both translational and rotational components of FIM. This modified input motion, which was referred to as the net horizontal (NH) FIM in this article, was generated such that the roof displacement of the soil–structure system to this motion is identical to that of the same model subject to the multicomponent FIM resulted by KI. The applicability of the proposed procedure was then examined for a wide range of soil–structure systems subjected to a couple of real ground motions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modern Transurethral Resection in the Management of Superficial Bladder Tumours
Authors: Phull J.S. , Jefferies E.R. , Bates T.S. , Issa R. , McFarlane J.P. , Howell G.P. , Gallegos C.R. , Persad R.A. 
Published: December 2010

Bladder cancer is the 5th commonest cancer in the UK and up to 85% will present with superficial disease. Considering the principals of oncological surgery, best practice is to excise a tumour whole with clear circumferential margins. The inherent flaw of transurethral resection (TUR) is tumour fragmentation. However, high quality resection and immediate single-dose chemotherapy decreases recurrence rates and disease progression for superficial disease. TUR is the current gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of superficial bladder cancer. The associated morbidity is usually low. Good quality TUR can be difficult with tumours in diverticula, over ureteric orifices, on the dome/anterior/posterior wall or if obturator nerve stimulation occurs. As such technical tips are provided. Modern TUR relies on white light. The use of fluorescence cystoscopy will almost certainly increase, challenging white light TUR as the current gold standard. Furthermore, the development of bladder cancer urinary markers may provide a cost effective and non-invasive means of determining the frequency of surveillance cystoscopy.
Electroacupuncture analgesia, stress responses, and variations in sensitivity in rats anesthetized with different sub‐MAC anesthetics
Authors: Kungl Hsiang‐Hsun , Hsul Sheng‐Feng , Hungl Yu‐Chun , Chenl Kuen‐Bao , Chenl Jui‐Yuan , Wenl Yeong‐Ray , Sunl Wei‐Zen 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe use of anesthetics to stabilize animals for the purpose of electroacupuncture (EA) analgesic studies can be problematic because of the interference of differential physiological responses to EA and pain. In this study, EA‐induced physiological profiles were surveyed under a sub‐minimal alveolar concentration (sub‐MAC) of two different anesthetics in a previously proposed minimal stress model. First, to select an adequate concentration, compliance with EA and tail‐flick stimulation was evaluated under various concentrations of halothane and isoflurane. Second, using the chosen concentrations, low‐ (4‐Hz) and high‐frequency (100‐Hz) EA were conducted on the right hind limb. The EA effects of the two gases were compared by tail‐flick latency (TFL), hemodynamic variables, and individual variations in analgesic sensitivity. The optimal concentrations for halothane and isoflurane were 0.5% and 0.75%, respectively. TFLs were stable under these anesthetic levels, but rats under 0.75% isoflurane had better compliance than those under 0.5% halothane. EA inhibited TFLs with distinct analgesic patterns when comparing high‐ and low‐frequency EA, but TFL suppression did not differ between the two gases. Heart rate and blood pressure showed temporal and differential responses to low‐ vs. high‐frequency EA, but were comparable between groups under the two anesthetics. The ratios of EA non‐responders in the isoflurane and halothane groups were 32.4% and 26.7%, respectively, without statistical difference. We concluded that sub‐MAC halothane and isoflurane provide optimal conditions for the study of EA‐induced analgesia in rats. In this model, 0.75% isoflurane appears to be a better choice than 0.5% halothane in terms of EA compliance.
Prenatal IV nicotine exposure produces a sex difference in sensorimotor gating of the auditory startle reflex in adult rats
Authors: Lacy Ryan T. , Mactutus Charles F. , Harrod Steven B. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractMaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with auditory processing deficits in children; these effects have been confirmed with animal models of continuous high‐dose prenatal nicotine exposure. The present experiments utilized a novel, low‐dose, intermittent, intravenous (IV) gestational nicotine exposure model to investigate potential deficits on the preattentive process of sensorimotor gating, as indexed by prepulse inhibition (PPI), in preweanling and adult rat offspring. Pregnant dams received bolus IV injections of nicotine (0.05 mg/kg/injection) 3×/day on gestational days 8–21. Auditory and tactile stimulus modalities were probed with tone and air puff prepulse stimuli, respectively. These prepulse stimuli preceded a 100 dB(A) startle tone by six different interstimulus intervals (ISIs; 0, 8, 40, 80, 120, 4000 ms) to define a curve of response inhibition. The magnitude of PPI increased with age, from 59 to 81% inhibition. Preweanlings (PNDs 14 and 18) and adults (PND 75) gestationally exposed to nicotine exhibited altered startle responding relative to controls, but the nature of the deficit became more localized at later ages. The entire curve of response inhibition in preweanlings exposed to prenatal nicotine (PND 14) was shifted up relative to controls, and notably, did not interact with prepulse stimulus modality, suggesting a generalized increased sensorimotor responsiveness as a function of prenatal nicotine. At PND 18, a shift in the response curve across all ISIs was again noted, but varied as a function of prepulse stimulus modality; the increased sensorimotor responsiveness was specific to the auditory, but not tactile, sensory modality. In adulthood, male and female animals prenatally exposed to nicotine were differentially sensitive to modulation by the ISIs, relative to control male and female animals. Specifically, despite robust PPI, adult females exposed to gestational nicotine were relatively insensitive to changes in ISI from 8 to 120 ms; in contrast, the robust PPI of nicotine‐exposed males demonstrated a clear focal point of inhibition at 40 ms. These findings indicate that a low, daily dosing of IV prenatal nicotine produces long‐lasting alterations in auditory PPI. An important implication of this research is that “chipping” with smoked‐tobacco products during pregnancy may produce enduring changes in sensorimotor processing.
Clinical use of laparoscopic ultrasonography in detecting nodal metastasis in advanced‐stage cervical carcinoma
Authors: Cheung Tak‐Hong , Lo Keith W.K. , Yim So‐Fan , Siu Nelson S.S. , Yu May M.Y. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical use of a laparoscopic ultrasound scan (LUS) to identify pelvic and para‐aortic node metastasis in patients with advanced‐stage cervical cancer.MethodsAfter examination under general anesthesia and cystoscopy, LUS was used to examine the pelvic nodes of patients with advanced‐stage cervical cancer. Abnormal nodes were excised before definitive treatment to confirm the nodal status. Patients without abnormal para‐aortic nodes on preoperative computer tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in the past 3 years were surgically staged via laparoscopic extraperitoneal aortic node sampling, and the findings were correlated with LUS findings. The predictive values of abnormal pelvic nodes on LUS for pelvic and aortic node metastasis were determined.ResultsA total of 119 advanced‐stage cervical cancer patients underwent LUS of pelvic nodes. Abnormal pelvic nodes were found in 62 (52.1%) patients, and metastasis was confirmed by histology in 38 (31.9%) patients. Three patients had micro‐metastasis in para‐aortic nodes, and all of these patients had abnormal pelvic lymph nodes on LUS.ConclusionAbnormal pelvic nodes are commonly found on LUS in patients with advanced‐stage cervical cancer, and selective excision biopsy is needed to confirm pelvic node metastasis. Surgical staging of aortic nodes might be considered for patients with abnormal pelvic nodes on LUS.
Impact of various treatment modalities on the outcome of stage IB1–IIA cervical adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Yu‐Li , Ho Chih‐Ming , Chen Chi‐An , Chiang Ying‐Cheng , Huang Chia‐Yen , Hsieh Chang‐Yao , Cheng Wen‐Fang 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes of patients with stage IB1–IIA cervical adenocarcinoma treated by various modalities in order to formulate a better treatment strategy.MethodsThe impact of various treatment modalities on the prognosis of 258 patients with stage IB1–IIA cervical adenocarcinoma was investigated. The therapeutic modalities included radical surgery (n = 174); radical surgery followed by adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), such as RT alone or concurrent chemo‐radiotherapy (CCRT) (n = 46); or primary RT or CCRT (n = 38).ResultsAs compared with patients in the surgery‐only group, patients with 1 postoperative major risk who underwent surgery followed by RT or CCRT had a significantly higher likelihood of disease relapse (2.3‐fold, P = 0.041) and disease‐related death (2.9‐fold, P = 0.014). The likelihood of recurrence (P = 0.32) and death (P = 0.58) did not differ between patients who underwent adjuvant RT or CCRT for 1 major risk factor and those who underwent primary RT or CCRT. By contrast, patients with more than 1 major risk factor had a higher likelihood of disease recurrence (2.9‐fold, P = 0.037) and disease‐related death (3.4‐fold, P = 0.051) than those who underwent primary RT or CCRT.ConclusionRadical surgery is recommended for patients with stage IB1–IIA cervical adenocarcinomas without contraindications. Those with more than 1 postoperative pathologic risk factor had the worst prognosis despite adjuvant RT or CCRT.
Administration of 400 μg of misoprostol to augment routine active management of the third stage of labor
Authors: Hofmeyr G. Justus , Fawole Bukola , Mugerwa Kidza , Godi N. Patrick , Blignaut Quentin , Mangesi Lindeka , Singata Mandisa , Brady Leanne , Blum Jennifer 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of the administration of misoprostol, an orally active prostaglandin, in addition to routine uterotonic therapy as part of the active management of the third stage of labor.MethodsThe present study was a hospital‐based, decentralized, multi‐center, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial. We enrolled 1103 women (out of a target sample size of 1180) at 4 hospitals in South Africa, Uganda, and Nigeria. Participants received a sublingual dose of 400 μg of misoprostol or a placebo, in addition to standard active management of the third stage of labor, after vaginal birth.ResultsThe baseline characteristics of the participants were comparable. The difference in the primary outcome of blood loss of 500 mL or more within 1 hour of randomization was not significant between the 2 groups (misoprostol 22/546 [4.0%] versus placebo 35/553 [6.3%]; relative risk, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.38–1.07). Shivering and pyrexia occurred more frequently in the misoprostol group. No maternal deaths occurred.ConclusionThe present study did not confirm a beneficial effect of administering 400 μg of misoprostol, in addition to routine uterotonic therapy, during the third stage of labor, but was consistent with other trials showing a cumulative modest benefit. Where routine uterotonics are available for prophylactic use, any potential benefit of misoprostol might not outweigh the likelihood of adverse effects. Trial registered on clinical trials.gov: NCT 00124540.
A double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of misoprostol and routine uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Fawole Adeniran O. , Sotiloye Oladapo S. , Hunyinbo Kehinde I. , Umezulike Augustine C. , Okunlola Michael A. , Adekanle Daniel A. , Osamor Jonathan , Adeyanju Olusoji , Olowookere Olufemi O. , Adekunle Adeyemi O. , Singata Mandisa , Mangesi Lindeka , Hofmeyr George J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of 400‐μg sublingual misoprostol plus routine uterotonics on postpartum hemorrhage.MethodsA double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized study was performed. After delivery of the child, eligible women received routine uterotonics and were randomly allocated to receive 400‐μg misoprostol or placebo sublingually. The primary outcome measure was blood loss of at least 500 mL within 1 hour of taking the trial tablets.ResultsIn total, 672 women received misoprostol and 673 received placebo. The baseline data were similar for both groups. Misoprostol plus routine uterotonics reduced postpartum blood loss, but the effect was not significant for blood loss of at least 500 mL (relative risk [RR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–1.45) or blood loss of at least 1000 mL (RR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.15–1.66). Misoprostol also reduced the need for non‐routine oxytocin, manual removal of the placenta, and hysterectomy, but these differences were not significant either. Misoprostol was associated with pyrexia and moderate/severe shivering. There was no death in either group.ConclusionMisoprostol plus routine uterotonics resulted in modest reductions of blood loss in the third stage of labor, but the effects did not reach statistical significance. Larger studies are recommended.
Association between intimate partner violence and induced abortion in Cameroon
Authors: Alio Amina P. , Salihu Hamisu M. , Nana Philip N. , Clayton Heather B. , Mbah Alfred K. , Marty Phillip J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between intimate partner violence (IPV; physical, sexual, and emotional violence) and induced abortion in Cameroon.MethodsWe used data from the 2004 Cameroon Demographic Health Survey (DHS) and hierarchic multivariate modeling to compare the rates of induced abortion by IPV type.ResultsIn 2004, 2570 women were administered the domestic violence module of the DHS. Of those women, 126 (4.9%) reported having had at least 1 induced abortion. Cameroonian women reported high rates of IPV: physical violence (995 [38.7%]); emotional violence (789 [30.7%]); and sexual violence (381 [14.8%]). After adjusting for covariates, physical and sexual IPV increased the risk for induced abortion, whereas the association between emotional violence and induced abortion was not significant in multivariate models.ConclusionGiven the increased risk for maternal morbidity and mortality following unsafe induced abortions in Cameroon, the association between induced abortion and IPV is of interest in terms of public health. Programs targeted at preventing IPV might reduce the rate of maternal morbidity and mortality.
Conspicuous consumption in a recession: Toning it down or turning it up?
Authors: Nunes Joseph C. , Drèze Xavier , Han Young Jee 
Published: December 2010

AbstractThe 2008 recession reportedly led to the demise of conspicuous consumption with wealthy consumers abandoning luxury goods that prominently display their brands for more subdued designs. Utilizing data collected before and in the midst of the recession from designer handbag manufacturers, Louis Vuitton and Gucci, we find products introduced during the recession actually display the brand far more prominently than those products withdrawn. Data from Hermès and luxury ads in Vogue magazine also indicate manufacturers did not tone things down. Our results suggest conspicuous consumption endures in recessions; consumers who do not exit the luxury goods market are still interested in logo‐laden products.
Creating value through returns management: Exploring the marketing–operations interface
Authors: Mollenkopf Diane A. , Frankel Robert , Russo Ivan 
Published: December 2010

AbstractManaging the return flow of product is increasingly recognized as a strategically important activity that involves decisions and actions within and across firms. We focus specifically on returns management at the marketing–operations interface, by utilizing the conceptualization of customer value and its related drivers. In order to explore the phenomenon of returns management across a multi‐disciplinary, managerial spectrum, a qualitative research methodology relying on individual managers’ perceptions was chosen to generate depth of understanding given the limited current understanding of the research topic under consideration. Our results suggest that functional integration at the marketing–operations interface can lead to better alignment of corporate resources and thus create higher levels of customer value. We also found the external business environment to impact how and why a firm creates customer value through the returns management process. Overall, our results suggest that when returns management is recognized as a matter of a firm's competitiveness, the joint role of operations and marketing is imperative to success.
Stretching Treatment for Infants With Congenital Muscular Torticollis: Physiotherapist or Parents? A Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Öhman Anna , Nilsson Staffan , Beckung Eva 
Published: December 2010

ObjectiveTo investigate the time needed to achieve a good result in the range of motion (ROM) in the neck for infants with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT).DesignComparison of stretching treatments performed by physical therapists and parents.ParticipantsTwenty infants (10 female and 10 male) with CMT.MethodThe infants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Stretching treatment was continued until a good ROM was obtained in both rotation (≥90°) and lateral flexion (no side difference). The main outcome measurement was treatment time. The infants were evaluated for ROM in rotation and lateral flexion, muscle function in the lateral flexor muscles of the neck, plagiocephaly, and head tilt.ResultsThe time needed to achieve a good result according to the ROM in the neck was significantly shorter (P < .001) in the physical therapist group than in the parent group. Symmetrical head posture was achieved sooner (P = .03) in the physical therapist group.ConclusionInfants with CMT gained good ROM and symmetric head posture approximately 2 months sooner when treated by an experienced physical therapist; however, interpretation of the results of this small study should be guarded. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Physiological Profile of World-Record-Holder Sherpas
Authors: McIntosh Scott E. , Testa Massimo , Walker James , Wing-Gaia Stacie , McIntosh Staci N. , Litwin Sheldon E. , Needham Carrie , Tabin Geoffrey C. 
Published: December 2010

Objective Tibetans and Sherpas have long been revered for their physical aptitude at high altitude, and are thought to have lived at high altitude longer than any other culture. We performed physiologic testing on 2 Sherpas who currently hold world records for: (1) most number of ascents of Mt Everest and (2) speed ascent of Mt Everest from base camp to the summit. In doing so, we describe certain physiological aspects of these individuals that may contribute to their abilities at altitude. Methods Anthropometric measurements, blood testing, and electro- and echocardiographic examination as well as pulmonary function tests were performed. Exercise testing consisted of treadmill climbing at increasing incline and speed while wearing a 22 kg backpack in Salt Lake City (1325 m) and Park City (2063 m). Results Anthropometry, electrocardiography, pulmonary function, strength, and echocardiography were consistent with predicted parameters for the general population. The Sherpas demonstrated appropriate cardiopulmonary response to dynamic exercise similar to moderately fit individuals while performing treadmill testing, both at moderate and high altitude. As expected, the energetic cost increased at higher altitude, likely due to increased respiratory work. Conclusion The 2 world-record Sherpa climbers were within normal ranges for the specific measurements that were tested. They displayed appropriate cardiopulmonary and physiological responses and exercise performance profiles at moderate and high altitude.
Direct terrestrial–marine correlation demonstrates surprisingly late onset of the last interglacial in central Europe
Authors: Sier Mark J. , Roebroeks Wil , Bakels Corrie C. , Dekkers Mark J. , Brühl Enrico , De Loecker Dimitri , Gaudzinski-Windheuser Sabine , Hesse Norbert , Jagich Adam , Kindler Lutz , Kuijper Wim J. , Laurat Thomas , Mücher Herman J. , Penkman Kirsty E.H. , Richter Daniel , van Hinsbergen Douwe J.J. 
Published: December 2010

AbstractAn interdisciplinary study of a small sedimentary basin at Neumark Nord 2 (NN2), Germany, has yielded a high-resolution record of the palaeomagnetic Blake Event, which we are able to place at the early part of the last interglacial pollen sequence documented from the same section. We use this data to calculate the duration of this stratigraphically important event at 3400 ± 350 yr. More importantly, the Neumark Nord 2 data enables precise terrestrial–marine correlation for the Eemian stage in central Europe. This shows a remarkably large time lag of ca. 5000 yr between the MIS 5e ‘peak’ in the marine record and the start of the last interglacial in this region.
V. The Two Societies: a Study of Town Life in Nineteenth-Century Ceylon
Authors: Gooneratne Yasmine 
Published: December 2010

The English-speaking society of nineteenth-century Colombo, as in other areas in Ceylon gradually acquiring an urban character, was composed of two main units—the European, and the native. Within both were intricate subdivisions, which 'Sampson Brown’ described in a comic sketch of 1842:Glibb and I have had some rather long chats about the natives and their moral character. They certainly are a most repelling race: there's no making anything of them as yet, and I doubt if we ever shall…A native of one particular caste will not marry into or associate with another and so the whole race of them is split into small factions. This is bad enough say you, but…the white man's casterages [sic] as widely and deeply as that of the Buddhist…In Ceylon you find the Burgher caste, the Civil caste, the Military caste, and the Mercantile caste, all little worlds distinct from each other, travelling in different orbits. They would not dine with each other, I suppose, if their existence depended on it.