bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass spectral analysis of N‐oxides of Chemical Weapons Convention related aminoethanols under electrospray ionization conditions
Authors: Sridhar L. , Karthikraj R. , Murty M. R. V. S. , Raju N. Prasada , Vairamani M. , Prabhakar S. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractN,N'‐Dialkylaminoethanols are the hydrolyzed products or precursors of chemical warfare agents such as V‐agents and nitrogen mustards, and they are prone to undergo oxidation in environmental matrices or during decontamination processes. Consequently, screening of the oxidized products of aminoethanols in aqueous samples is an important task in the verification of chemical weapons convention‐related chemicals. Here we report the successful characterization of the N‐oxides of N,N'‐dialkylaminoethanols, alkyl diethanolamines, and triethanolamine using positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The collision‐induced dissociation (CID) spectra of the [M + H]+ and [M + Na]+ ions show diagnostic product ions that enable the unambiguous identification of the studied N‐oxides, including those of isomeric compounds. The proposed fragmentation pathways are supported by high‐resolution mass spectrometry data and product/precursor ion spectra. The CID spectra of [M + H]+ ions included [MH − CH4O2]+ as the key product ion, in addition to a distinctive alkene loss that allowed us to recognize the alkyl group attached to the nitrogen. The [M + Na]+ ions show characteristic product ions due to the loss of groups (R) attached to nitrogen either as a radical (1R.) or as a molecule [R + H or (R − H)] after hydrogen migration. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High tumor levels of IL6 and IL8 abrogate preclinical efficacy of the γ‐secretase inhibitor, RO4929097
Authors: He Wei , Luistro Leopoldo , Carvajal Daisy , Smith Melissa , Nevins Tom , Yin Xuefeng , Cai James , Higgins Brian , Kolinsky Kenneth , Rizzo Christine , Packman Kathryn , Heimbrook David , Boylan John F. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractInterest continues to build around the early application of patient selection markers to prospectively identify patients likely to show clinical benefit from cancer therapies. Hypothesis generation and clinical strategies often begin at the preclinical stage where responder and nonresponder tumor cell lines are first identified and characterized. In the present study, we investigate the drivers of in vivo resistance to the γ‐secretase inhibitor RO4929097. Beginning at the tissue culture level, we identified apparent IL6 and IL8 expression differences that characterized tumor cell line response to RO4929097. We validated this molecular signature at the preclinical efficacy level identifying additional xenograft models resistant to the in vivo effects of RO4929097. Our data suggest that for IL6 and IL8 overexpressing tumors, RO4929097 no longer impacts angiogenesis or the infiltration of tumor associated fibroblasts. These preclinical data provide a rationale for preselecting patients possessing low levels of IL6 and IL8 prior to RO4929097 dosing. Extending this hypothesis into the clinic, we monitored patient IL6 and IL8 serum levels prior to dosing with RO4929097 during Phase I. Interestingly, the small group of patients deriving some type of clinical benefit from RO4929097 presented with low baseline levels of IL6 and IL8. Our data support the continued investigation of this patient selection marker for RO4929097 and other types of Notch inhibitors undergoing early clinical evaluation.
Results From the 2009 Pediatric Rehabilitation Practice Survey of the AAPM&R Pediatric Rehabilitation/Developmental Disabilities Council
Authors: Houtrow Amy 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo quantitatively describe the practices of pediatric physiatrists who are members of the Pediatric Rehabilitation/Developmental Disabilities Council of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R).DesignCross‐sectional survey using the SurveyMonkey instrument.SettingThe Pediatric Rehabilitation/Developmental Disabilities Council.ParticipantsEighty‐six members of the Pediatric Rehabilitation/Developmental Disabilities Council ListServ of the Pediatric Rehabilitation/Developmental Disabilities Council of the AAPM&R and pediatric physiatrists known to the author.MethodsThe link to the survey was embedded in an e‐mail message that was distributed by the author to the members of the ListServ on August 14, 2009. Four reminder e‐mail messages were sent. The survey was closed on October 2, 2009. All data were extracted into STATA for analysis. Basic practice data were tabulated by raw numbers and percentages. Summary statistics were calculated for salary data, and simple t‐tests and Mann‐Whitney tests were used to determine if differences were statistically significant (α < 0.05) between subgroups.Main Outcome MeasurementsLocation and style of practice, training, experience, and clinical productivity. Comparison of salary data was by experience, training, position, and gender.ResultsWomen made up 71% of surveyed pediatric physiatrists. Forty percent of respondents practiced in the midwestern United States, and more than 50% practiced in academic settings. Twenty‐eight percent of female respondents reported the title of medical director compared with 40% of the male respondents. Whereas 20% of responding practitioners had been in practice for more than 20 years, only 8% were full professors. Nearly 40% of respondents reported doing research, but only 8% had received federal funding for research. The average salary was $191,400. Salary differences were noted by title, experience, and academic rank. Female respondents earned, on average, 82% of what male respondents earned.ConclusionsThis survey highlights important issues, including regional variations, a potential lack of academic competitiveness, limited engagement in externally funded research, and salary inequities.
Natural History of Scoliosis in Nonambulatory Spastic Tetraplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Gu Yaoming , Shelton Jean E. , Ketchum Jessica M. , Cifu David X. , Palmer Dorothy , Sparkman Ann , Jermer‐Gu Melinda K. , Mendigorin Marianne 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo analyze the development and progression of scoliosis in children and adolescents with nonambulatory spastic tetraplegic cerebral palsy.DesignRetrospective longitudinal review.SettingPediatric nursing home.ParticipantsA total of 110 children and adolescents <18 years of age, with scoliosis.InterventionsN/A.Main Outcome MeasuresCobb angle, age, weight, height, history of hip dislocation, tracheostomy.ResultsThe Cobb angle increased with age, weight, and height in a nonlinear fashion. A square root transformation of the Cobb angle was chosen to model the nonlinear relationship between the Cobb angle and predictors. Age, height, and weight were significant univariate predictors of the square root of the Cobb angle (slopes = 0.377, 0.067, and 0.06, respectively). In the multivariate mixed model, age remained a significant predictor of the Cobb angle (slope = 0.456), but height and weight did not. If the Cobb angle was >40° by age 12 years, scoliosis was more likely to progress than if the Cobb angle was ≤40°. The effect of age was stronger for those with history of tracheostomy (age slope = 0.631 vs 0.281) than those without. The relationship of age and Cobb angle did not differ significantly between hip dislocated and non–hip‐dislocated groups.ConclusionsAge was found to be the most significant predictor of Cobb angle, and the effect of age was greater in the tracheostomy group than in the nontracheostomy group. After adjustment for age, the weight and height were not significant predictors of Cobb angle. Cobb angles of >40° by the age of 12 years were associated with greater increases in Cobb angle with age.
Reliability of Bidirectional and Variable‐Opening Equipment for the Measurement of Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength
Authors: Nunes Fabiana Roberta , Martins Carla Campos , Guirro Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira , Guirro Rinaldo Roberto Jesus 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveIn evaluating pelvic floor muscles, it is important to use reliable and accurate methods. Therefore the objective of this study was to verify the reliability of bidirectional and variable‐opening equipment designed to measure anteroposterior and left‐right strength of pelvic floor muscles.DesignTest‐retest to assess reliability.SettingAcademic institution, primary level of clinical care.ParticipantsSeventeen nulliparous women between 20 and 33 years of age participated in the procedure during 3 consecutive weeks.MethodsA dynamometer was used to evaluate pelvic floor muscle strength. The reliability was tested in 3 sessions, with a 7‐day interval between, excluding premenstrual and menstrual periods. On each day of data collection, 3 maximum voluntary contractions of pelvic floor muscles were measured. The abdominal and gluteus muscles were evaluated concomitantly to the assessment in an attempt to isolate the pelvic floor muscle contractions.Main Outcome MeasuresTo evaluate the test‐retest reliability with the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM.ResultsIntraclass correlation of pelvic floor muscle force values ranged from good to excellent. The SEM values for anteroposterior strength were 1.96 N and 1.86 N for left and right, respectively.ConclusionsTest‐retest values demonstrated that the equipment we assessed to measure the anteroposterior and left‐right force generated reliable pelvic floor muscle strength measurements.
Landing Mechanics During Side Hopping and Crossover Hopping Maneuvers in Noninjured Women and Women With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ortiz Alexis , Olson Sharon , Trudelle‐Jackson Elaine , Rosario Martin , Venegas Heidi L. 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo compare, landing mechanics and electromyographic activity of the lower extremities during side hopping and crossover hopping maneuvers, in noninjured women and women with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.DesignA case‐control study.SettingA 3‐dimensional motion analysis laboratory.ParticipantsTwenty‐eight young women (range, 21‐35 years) (15 control subjects and 13 subjects with ACL reconstruction).Patients and MethodsAll participants performed a side‐to‐side hopping task that consisted of hopping single‐legged 10 times consecutively from side to side across 2 lines marked 30 cm apart on 2 individual force plates. The task was designated as a side hopping when the hop was to the opposite side of the stance leg and as crossover hopping when the hop was toward the side of the stance leg.Main Outcome MeasurementsPeak hip‐/knee‐joint angles; peak knee extension/abduction joint moments; electromyographic studies of the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris, and hamstring muscles; and quadriceps/hamstring co‐contraction ratio were compared between the groups by means of 2 × 2 multivariate analysis of variance tests (group × maneuver).ResultsNoninjured women and women with ACL reconstruction exhibited similar hip‐ and knee‐joint angles during both types of hopping. Hip‐joint angles were greater during the crossover hopping in both groups, and knee‐joint angles did not differ between the groups or hops. Knee‐joint moments demonstrated a significant group × maneuver interaction. Greater knee extension and valgus moments were noted in the control group during crossover hopping, and greater knee abduction moments were noted in the ACL group during side hopping. Electromyographic data revealed no statistically significantly differences between the groups.ConclusionsWomen with ACL reconstruction exhibited the restoration of functional biomechanical movements such as hip‐/knee‐joint angles and lower extremity neuromuscular activation during side‐to‐side athletic tasks. However, not all biomechanical strategies are restored years after surgery, and women who have undergone a procedure such as ACL reconstruction may continue to exhibit knee‐joint abduction moments that increase the risk of additional knee injury.
Does Neurologic Examination During Inpatient Rehabilitation Help Predict Global Outcome After Nonpenetrating Traumatic Brain Injury?
Authors: Walker William C. , McDonald Scott D. 
Published: January 2011

ObjectiveTo determine whether combining basic neurologic examination measurements with posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) duration can enhance prediction accuracy in moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).DesignA descriptive between‐subjects study.SettingMulticenter: 4 Veterans Affairs Brain Injury Rehabilitation Centers within the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center network.ParticipantsA total of 210 patients (active duty, veteran, or military dependent) with moderate‐to‐severe nonpenetrating TBI who consented during acute rehabilitation for data collection and completed relevant baseline and 12‐month follow‐up evaluations.MethodsMultivariate analysis on neurologic examination predictor variables (upper extremity paresis, lower extremity paresis, Romberg test, and Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]) was performed with block logistic regression modeling that controlled for duration of PTA.Main Outcome MeasureGlasgow Outcome Score at 1 year.ResultsGlasgow Outcome Score prediction accuracy by using PTA duration was modestly improved with the included neurologic examination measurements. The most influential predictor among them was EDSS, a composite measurement of neurologic impairment. When EDSS was excluded, the simple measurements of upper limb paresis and the Romberg test also provided independent prognostic value.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that simple clinical measurements of neurologic impairment (limb paresis, imbalance, other neurologic deficits) are of value in refining the prediction of long‐term global outcome from TBI. These measurements may serve as markers of focal injury not captured by PTA duration, a severity marker weighted toward diffuse injury.
Decreased stability and increased formation of soluble aggregates by immature superoxide dismutase do not account for disease severity in ALS
Authors: Vassall Kenrick A. , Stubbs Helen R. , Primmer Heather A. , Tong Ming Sze , Sullivan Sarah M. , Sobering Ryan , Srinivasan Saipraveen , Briere Lee-Ann K. , Dunn Stanley D. , Colón Wilfredo , Meiering Elizabeth M. 
Published: January 2011

Protein aggregation is a hallmark of many diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where aggregation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is implicated in causing neurodegeneration. Recent studies have suggested that destabilization and aggregation of the most immature form of SOD1, the disulfide-reduced, unmetallated (apo) protein is particularly important in causing ALS. We report herein in depth analyses of the effects of chemically and structurally diverse ALS-associated mutations on the stability and aggregation of reduced apo SOD1. In contrast with previous studies, we find that various reduced apo SOD1 mutants undergo highly reversible thermal denaturation with little aggregation, enabling quantitative thermodynamic stability analyses. In the absence of ALS-associated mutations, reduced apo SOD1 is marginally stable but predominantly folded. Mutations generally result in slight decreases to substantial increases in the fraction of unfolded protein. Calorimetry, ultracentrifugation, and light scattering show that all mutations enhance aggregation propensity, with the effects varying widely, from subtle increases in most cases, to pronounced formation of 40–100 nm soluble aggregates by A4V, a mutation that is associated with particularly short disease duration. Interestingly, although there is a correlation between observed aggregation and stability, there is minimal to no correlation between observed aggregation, predicted aggregation propensity, and disease characteristics. These findings suggest that reduced apo SOD1 does not play a dominant role in modulating disease. Rather, additional and/or multiple forms of SOD1 and additional biophysical and biological factors are needed to account for the toxicity of mutant SOD1 in ALS.
Localization of magnetic pills
Authors: Laulicht Bryan , Gidmark Nicholas J. , Tripathi Anubhav , Mathiowitz Edith 
Published: January 2011

Numerous therapeutics demonstrate optimal absorption or activity at specific sites in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Yet, safe, effective pill retention within a desired region of the GI remains an elusive goal. We report a safe, effective method for localizing magnetic pills. To ensure safety and efficacy, we monitor and regulate attractive forces between a magnetic pill and an external magnet, while visualizing internal dose motion in real time using biplanar videofluoroscopy. Real-time monitoring yields direct visual confirmation of localization completely noninvasively, providing a platform for investigating the therapeutic benefits imparted by localized oral delivery of new and existing drugs. Additionally, we report the in vitro measurements and calculations that enabled prediction of successful magnetic localization in the rat small intestines for 12 h. The designed system for predicting and achieving successful magnetic localization can readily be applied to any area of the GI tract within any species, including humans. The described system represents a significant step forward in the ability to localize magnetic pills safely and effectively anywhere within the GI tract. What our magnetic pill localization strategy adds to the state of the art, if used as an oral drug delivery system, is the ability to monitor the force exerted by the pill on the tissue and to locate the magnetic pill within the test subject all in real time. This advance ensures both safety and efficacy of magnetic localization during the potential oral administration of any magnetic pill-based delivery system.
Applications of carbon nanotubes to electrochemical DNA sensors: a new strategy to make direct and selective hybridization detection from SWNTs
Authors: Zhang Qi Dong , Piro Benoît , Noël Vincent , Reisberg Steeve , Pham Minh-Chau 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
In this paper, we first review different strategies reported in the literature to elaborate electrochemical DNA sensors based on carbon nanotubes. Then we report a new strategy to graft both redox and DNA probes onto carbon nanotubes to make a label-free DNA sensor. Oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes are first immobilized on a self-assembled monolayer of cysteamine. Then a redox probe, a quinone derivative 3-[(2-aminoethyl) sulfanyl-5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone], is grafted onto the free carboxylic groups of the nanotubes. After that, for DNA probe grafting, new carboxylic sites are generated via an aryl diazonium route. After hybridization with a complementary sequence, the conformational changes of DNA could influence the redox kinetics of quinone, leading to a current increase in the redox signal, detected by square wave voltammetry. The system is selective, as it can distinguish a single mismatched sequence from the complementary one.
Towards highly sensitive strain sensing based on nanostructured materials
Authors: Dao Dzung Viet , Bui Tung Thanh , Nakamura Koichi , Dau Van Thanh , Yamada Takeo , Hata Kenji , Sugiyama Susumu 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis paper presents our recent theoretical and experimental study of piezo-effects in nanostructured materials for highly sensitive, high resolution mechanical sensors. The piezo-effects presented here include the piezoresistive effect in a silicon nanowire (SiNW) and single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin film, as well as the piezo-optic effect in a Si photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity. Firstly, the electronic energy band structure of the silicon nanostructure is discussed and simulated by using the First-Principles Calculations method. The result showed a remarkably different energy band structure compared with that of bulk silicon. This difference in the electronic state will result in different physical, chemical, and therefore, sensing properties of silicon nanostructures. The piezoresistive effects of SiNW and SWCNT thin film were investigated experimentally. We found that, when the width of 〈 110 〉 p-type SiNW decreases from 500 to 35 nm, the piezoresistive effect increases by more than 60%. The longitudinal piezoresistive coefficient of SWCNT thin film was measured to be twice that of bulk p-type silicon. Finally, theoretical investigations of the piezo-optic effect in a PhC nanocavity based on Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) showed extremely high resolution strain sensing. These nanostructures were fabricated based on top-down nanofabrication technology. The achievements of this work are significant for highly sensitive, high resolution and miniaturized mechanical sensors.
Graphics processing unit implementations of relative expression analysis algorithms enable dramatic computational speedup
Authors: Magis Andrew T. , Earls John C. , Ko Youn-Hee , Eddy James A. , Price Nathan D. 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Summary: The top-scoring pair (TSP) and top-scoring triplet (TST) algorithms are powerful methods for classification from expression data, but analysis of all combinations across thousands of human transcriptome samples is computationally intensive, and has not yet been achieved for TST. Implementation of these algorithms for the graphics processing unit results in dramatic speedup of two orders of magnitude, greatly increasing the searchable combinations and accelerating the pace of discovery.
Availability: http://www.igb.illinois.edu/labs/price/downloads/.
Contact: ndprice@illinois.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Efficient measurement error correction with spatially misaligned data
Authors: Szpiro Adam A. , Sheppard Lianne , Lumley Thomas 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAssociation studies in environmental statistics often involve exposure and outcome data that are misaligned in space. A common strategy is to employ a spatial model such as universal kriging to predict exposures at locations with outcome data and then estimate a regression parameter of interest using the predicted exposures. This results in measurement error because the predicted exposures do not correspond exactly to the true values. We characterize the measurement error by decomposing it into Berkson-like and classical-like components. One correction approach is the parametric bootstrap, which is effective but computationally intensive since it requires solving a nonlinear optimization problem for the exposure model parameters in each bootstrap sample. We propose a less computationally intensive alternative termed the “parameter bootstrap” that only requires solving one nonlinear optimization problem, and we also compare bootstrap methods to other recently proposed methods. We illustrate our methodology in simulations and with publicly available data from the Environmental Protection Agency.