bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of service learning on Irish healthcare students, educators, and communities
Authors: McMenamin Ruth , McGrath Margaret , D'Eath Maureen 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of service learning on healthcare students, educators, and community partners in Ireland. Using a qualitative approach with focus groups and interviews, 38 participants' perceptions of the impact of service learning were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. The findings in relation to the students reflected previous research: service learning had the capacity to support personal development, enhance academic performance, and increase civic awareness. The primary impacts for the community partners involved accessing students and services. The educators appreciated the opportunities to link academic theory to practice and to engage with the community partners. The results identified that the evaluation of learning outcomes was challenging because of both the evolving nature and breadth of learning achieved by all the stakeholders. However, our findings suggested that some impacts of service learning are consistent between Ireland and the USA. Further research is needed to explore whether the impacts of service learning are comparable across other cultures and contexts.
Impact of 18F‐FDG‐PET in decision making for liver metastectomy of colorectal cancer
Authors: McLeish Andrew R. , Lee Sze Ting , Byrne Amanda J. , Scott Andrew M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  The ability of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) to impact on management of patients with recurrent colorectal cancer is high. However, direct impact of FDG‐PET on surgical management of patients with potentially resectable hepatic metastases is limited.Methods:  FDG‐PET scans of patients with colorectal cancer at Austin Hospital in a 2‐year period were retrospectively evaluated. Data were collected on patient demographics, scan indication and sites of disease pre‐ and post‐PET. Results of standard imaging tests and FDG‐PET scans were analysed. The potential impact of FDG‐PET on proposed surgical management plans was assessed by an experienced surgeon.Results:  There were 585 FDG‐PET scans performed on 470 patients (309M : 161F, mean age 61.9 years) with colorectal cancer. Hepatic metastases were identified on standard imaging in 232 (39.7%) patients, and FDG‐PET confirmed hepatic metastasis in 203 cases, including 22 cases with new lesions, and clarified presence of disease in 34/37 (92%) cases with equivocal standard imaging. In 54 patients, FDG‐PET was performed for disease assessment before hepatic resection. FDG‐PET had substantial management plan impact in 36/54 (66.7%) patients.Conclusions:  FDG‐PET can profoundly impact on the management plan of patients with colorectal cancer who may be suitable for hepatic metastectomy.
Safety and efficacy of trisectionectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yanming , Sui Chengjun , Li Bin , Kan Tong , Yang Jiamei , Wu Mengchao 
Published: January 2011

AbstractBackground:  Right or left trisectionectomy represents the most extensive and difficult type of hepatic resection, and carries an unfavourably high morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of trisectionectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:  From January 2000 to December 2008, 35 patients with HCC were treated with trisectionectomy. The treatment outcomes of these patients were retrospectively analysed.Results:  Twenty‐three right and 12 left trisectionectomies were performed. The overall operative morbidity and mortality were 42.8% (n= 15) and 2.8% (n= 1), respectively. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival rates were 82.9%, 51.4% and 23.8%, while the 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year disease‐free survival rates were 71.4%, 42.9% and 12.9%, respectively.Conclusions:  With careful patient selection and meticulous surgical technique, trisectionectomy can be performed safely and is associated with long‐term survival in a subset of patients with HCC.
Microbial metatranscriptomics in a permanent marine oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Stewart Frank J. , Ulloa Osvaldo , DeLong Edward F. 
Published: January 2011

SummarySimultaneous characterization of taxonomic composition, metabolic gene content and gene expression in marine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) has potential to broaden perspectives on the microbial and biogeochemical dynamics in these environments. Here, we present a metatranscriptomic survey of microbial community metabolism in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific OMZ off northern Chile. Community RNA was sampled in late austral autumn from four depths (50, 85, 110, 200 m) extending across the oxycline and into the upper OMZ. Shotgun pyrosequencing of cDNA yielded 180 000 to 550 000 transcript sequences per depth. Based on functional gene representation, transcriptome samples clustered apart from corresponding metagenome samples from the same depth, highlighting the discrepancies between metabolic potential and actual transcription. BLAST‐based characterizations of non‐ribosomal RNA sequences revealed a dominance of genes involved with both oxidative (nitrification) and reductive (anammox, denitrification) components of the marine nitrogen cycle. Using annotations of protein‐coding genes as proxies for taxonomic affiliation, we observed depth‐specific changes in gene expression by key functional taxonomic groups. Notably, transcripts most closely matching the genome of the ammonia‐oxidizing archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus dominated the transcriptome in the upper three depths, representing one in five protein‐coding transcripts at 85 m. In contrast, transcripts matching the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis dominated at the core of the OMZ (200 m; 1 in 12 protein‐coding transcripts). The distribution of N. maritimus‐like transcripts paralleled that of transcripts matching ammonia monooxygenase genes, which, despite being represented by both bacterial and archaeal sequences in the community DNA, were dominated (> 99%) by archaeal sequences in the RNA, suggesting a substantial role for archaeal nitrification in the upper OMZ. These data, as well as those describing other key OMZ metabolic processes (e.g. sulfur oxidation), highlight gene‐specific expression patterns in the context of the entire community transcriptome, as well as identify key functional groups for taxon‐specific genomic profiling.
A Class of Bonferroni Inequality Indices
Authors: IMEDIO‐OLMEDO LUIS J. , BÁRCENA‐MARTÍN ELENA , PARRADO‐GALLARDO ENCARNACIÓN M. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to propose a family of inequality measures obtained from the Bonferroni curve as a distribution function. This family characterizes the income distribution, given the mean income, as well as other families considered in this paper. Although all of the families show a clear formal analogy and are mutually determined, their elements include very different value judgments for measuring inequality and social welfare. Normative aspects are analyzed by means of the preference distributions associated to the indexes. This allows us to compare the indexes, and in some cases, rank them according to their degree of inequality aversion, as well as studying their behavior regarding different principles of transfer.
International Outsourcing, Tax, and Patent Protection
Authors: DINDA SOUMYANANDA , MUKHERJEE ARIJIT 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe show the implications of strengthening patent protection in a developing country in the presence of a vertical technology transfer, which, despite its empirical relevance, did not get due attention in the literature. We show that if there is imperfect knowledge spillover under a weak patent protection, a strong patent protection in the developing country increases the profit of the developed‐country firm if there is a uniform tax rate in the developing country. However, if there is either perfect knowledge spillover under weak patent protection or discriminatory tax policy in the developing country, the profits of the developed‐country firms are the same under weak and strong patent protections in the developing countries.
A novel method for extracting respiration rate and relative tidal volume from infrared thermography
Authors: Lewis Gregory F. , Gatto Rodolfo G. , Porges Stephen W. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractIn psychophysiological research, measurement of respiration has been dependent on transducers having direct contact with the participant. The current study provides empirical data demonstrating that a noncontact technology, infrared video thermography, can accurately estimate breathing rate and relative tidal volume across a range of breathing patterns. Video tracking algorithms were applied to frame‐by‐frame thermal images of the face to extract time series of nostril temperature and to generate breath‐by‐breath measures of respiration rate and relative tidal volume. The thermal indices of respiration were contrasted with criterion measures collected with inductance plethysmography. The strong correlations observed between the technologies demonstrate the potential use of facial video thermography as a noncontact technology to monitor respiration.
FRET studies of lipid‐protein aggregates related to amyloid‐like fibers
Authors: Coutinho Ana , Loura Luís M. S. , Prieto Manuel 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 696–701.AbstractAcidic lipids are known to both catalyze amyloid fiber formation by amyloidogenic peptides/proteins and induce formation of ‘amyloid‐like’ fibrils by non‐amyloidogenic proteins. In this work, we describe the application of state‐of‐the‐art time‐resolved Förster resonance energy transfer methodologies to the characterization of the supramolecular structure of the aggregates formed by both a cationic peptide (hexalysyltryptophan) and a basic non‐amyloidogenic protein (lysozyme) upon their interaction with negatively‐charged fluid membranes (mixtures of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine and anionic phosphatidylserine). It was concluded that both the peptide and protein induce the formation of multistacked lipid bilayers. Furthermore, upon using conditions that are described in the literature to cause the formation of amyloid‐like fibers, lysozyme was found to induce the formation of a ‘pinched lamellar’ structure, with reduced interbilayer distance in the regions where there is bound protein, and increased interbilayer distance (stabilized by hydration repulsion) outside these areas. No significant lateral domains (lipid demixing) were induced in the membrane by either the cationic peptide or lysozyme.
Age‐dependent spatial segregation of synaptobrevin 2‐containing vesicles in astrocytes
Authors: Losón Oliver C. , Ha Chang Man , Parpura Vladimir 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 909–915.AbstractAstrocytes possess much of the same exocytotic protein machinery as neurons do and can release various gliotransmitters stored in their secretory vesicles. An essential component of this exocytotic machinery is the vesicle‐associated membrane protein synaptobrevin 2 (Sb2). In order to assess whether vesicular age plays a role in determining the intracellular location of vesicles in astrocytes, we generated a fluorescent chimeric form of Sb2. We appended the Sb2 cytosolic N‐terminus with the fluorescent ‘timer’ protein DsRedE5, which changes its fluorescence emission from green to red as it ages. We found that Sb2‐containing vesicles in astrocytes segregate and localize intracellularly in an age dependent manner. Younger vesicles predominately localize at the periphery of cell somata and processes, while older vesicles predominately locate at the central portion of the cell body. These findings raise the notion that there might be differential astrocyte‐neuron signaling at sites away or at the tripartite synapse that could be modulated by the age of vesicles and/or their cargo.
Cell surface sphingolipid glycohydrolases in neuronal differentiation and aging in culture
Authors: Aureli Massimo , Loberto Nicoletta , Lanteri Patrizia , Chigorno Vanna , Prinetti Alessandro , Sonnino Sandro 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 891–899.AbstractQualitative and quantitative changes in glycosphingolipids, together with changes in the expression of the corresponding glycosyltransferases, have been reported along neuronal differentiation and aging. Plasma membrane (PM) glycosphingolipid pattern and content are the result of a complex network of metabolic pathways, including those potentially involving the activity of PM glycohydrolases. We analyzed the total cell activities of sialyltransferase I, II and IV, sialidase, β‐galactosidase and β‐glucosidase, and the PM‐associated activities of sialidase Neu3, β‐galactosidase, Conduritol B Epoxide‐sensitive β‐glucosidase and β‐glucosidase GBA2 in rat cerebellar granule cells along differentiation and aging in culture. Sialyltransferase activities increased during cell differentiation, in agreement with the known increase of the total ganglioside content during neuronal maturation. The remodeling of ganglioside pattern could be because of the augmented activities of total sialidase and, within PM, to the action of the cell surface associated sialidase Neu3. Sialidase activities remained high during aging, in agreement with the known progressive ganglioside reduction in brain senescence. As PM β‐galactosidase and β‐glucosidase activities and parallely ceramide levels markedly increased along in vitro aging, PM ceramide production in neurons might be because of local catabolism of glycosphingolipids and not only to that of sphingomyelin, as already reported in human fibroblasts.
Nanoscale structural response of ganglioside‐containing aggregates to the interaction with sialidase
Authors: Del Favero Elena , Brocca Paola , Motta Simona , Rondelli Valeria , Sonnino Sandro , Cantu′ Laura 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 833–839.AbstractIt is well known that the curvature of ganglioside‐containing nanoparticles strongly depends on their headgroup structure, as determined in aggregates with ‘stationary’ composition, that is, when the system finds its optimal structure at the moment of lipid dissolution in aqueous solution. In the present work, we directly followed the structural change in model aggregates, induced by on‐line molecular modification of already‐packed gangliosides, namely the one brought about by a sialidase, acting on the ganglioside GD1a and leading to the lower‐curvature‐aggregating GM1. We applied small‐angle X‐ray and neutron scattering techniques to follow the time evolution of the aggregate structure. We found that, while chemically undergoing the enzymatic action in both cases, the aggregated structure could be either very stable, in single component systems, or structurally responsive, in mixed model systems. Moreover, while in progress, the sialidase–ganglioside interaction seems to define a time lag where the system is structurally off the smooth route between the initial and the final states. We hypothesize that, in this time lag, the local structure could be very sensitive to the environment and eventually readdressed to a specific final structural fate.
Isolation of nano–meso scale detergent resistant membrane that has properties expected of lipid ‘rafts’
Authors: Morris Roger J. , Jen Angela , Warley Alice 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 671–678.AbstractThis review assesses problems that confound attempts to isolate ‘raft’ domains from cell membranes, focusing in particular upon the isolation of detergent resistant membrane (DRM). Despite its widespread use, this technique is rightly viewed with skepticism by many membrane biochemists and biophysics for reasons that include the inability to isolate DRMs at 37°C, the temperature at which their lipids are supposed to be ordered and so exclude detergents. If solubilization is done in an ionic buffer that preserves the lamellar phase of the metastable inner leaflet lipids, DRMs can readily be isolated at 37°C, and these have many properties expected of lipid rafts. However, to date these DRMs have remained somewhat larger than current concepts of rafts. We describe an adaptation of this method that purifies nano–meso scale DRMs, and could be a significant step towards purifying the membrane of individual ‘rafts’.
Glycoconjugates in the mammalian auditory system
Authors: Go Shinji , Yoshikawa Misato , Inokuchi Jin‐ichi 
Published: January 2011

J. Neurochem. (2011) 116, 756–763.AbstractCell‐surface glycoconjugates, such as proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycosphingolipids have been suggested to serve important functions in hearing because of their variety and their specific expression patterns during the development and maturation of cochlea. However, there has been no definitive proof regarding their involvement in auditory functions. In this study, we provide an overview of the expression of glycoconjugates in auditory systems and consider their possible involvement in hearing functions. We include our recent findings regarding deafness in ganglioside (sialic acid containing glycosphingolipids)‐deficient mice, and address the importance of functional glycobiology in auditory systems.
Atypical pharmacokinetics of atazanavir in an HIV‐1‐infected patient
Authors: Cattaneo Dario , Meraviglia Paola , Cozzi Valeria , Baldelli Sara , Milani Greta , Clementi Emilio 
Published: January 2011

AbstractAn HIV‐infected patient with very low atazanavir (ATV) plasma trough concentrations despite clinical signs of poor drug tolerability was described. By therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), the authors found that the patient had an atypical ATV pharmacokinetics characterized by rapid drug absorption followed by very fast drug clearance probably attributable to his genetic background. This case underlines the importance of traditional and pharmacogenetic‐based TDM for the individualization of ATV therapy in HIV‐1 patients.
Pharmacotherapy of polycystic ovary syndrome – an update
Authors: Saha Lekha , Kaur Sharonjeet , Saha Pradip Kumar 
Published: January 2011

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a persisting challenge to clinical and basic research scientists as none of the presently available medications have been fully able to combat these consequences. The aim of the present review is to summarize the different lines of treatment available for the different symptomologies that women with PCOS presents. In this comprehensive review, search was made for various treatment options available for PCOS by using Cochrane library, Pubmed, Medline, in addition to the relevant printed medical journals and periodicals. The search results revealed that oral contraceptives containing oestrogen and progesterone regularize the menstruation, antiandrogens like spironolactone and drosperinone have proven to be effective in hirsutism and acne, clomiphene is the gold standard for ovulation induction, but multiple pregnancies and clomiphene failure add to its limitation. Hence, aromatase inhibitors like letrozole, low‐dose gondotropins, and ovarian drilling procedure have shown to be beneficial effect in clomiphene‐resistant cases. Insulin sensitizers such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, and d‐chiro‐inositol increase insulin sensitivity and improve ovulation rate. Recently, melatonin, N‐acetyl cysteine, acarbose, and statins have shown positive results in different symptomologies of PCOS. The results show that PCOS treatment constitutes varied line of treatment depending upon the clinical features with which a woman is presenting. Still, unfortunately, none of the treatments are fully able to combat the PCOS.
Depression and epilepsy: A bidirectional relation?
Authors: Kanner Andres M. 
Published: January 2011

SummaryA bidirectional relation between depressive disorders and epilepsy has been suggested by several population‐based studies and is supported by experimental studies. This article reviews the potential pathogenic mechanisms operant in both disorders that may explain such a relation. These mechanisms include a hyperactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and its neuroanatomic and neuropathologic complications, as well as disturbances in serotonergic, noradrenergic, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems, all of which may be interrelated.
Prevention of allergic transfusion reactions to platelets and red blood cells through plasma reduction
Authors: Tobian Aaron A.R. , Savage William J. , Tisch Daniel J. , Thoman Sandra , King Karen E. , Ness Paul M. 
Published: January 2011

BACKGROUND: The incidence of allergic transfusion reactions (ATRs) ranges from 1% to 3% of all transfusions, and they are difficult to prevent. This study evaluated whether removing plasma from apheresis platelets (APs) or red blood cells (RBCs) by concentrating or washing transfusion products can decrease the incidence of ATRs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 179 individuals who received unmanipulated and subsequently concentrated and/or washed APs was conducted. Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations was used to estimate the incident rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ATRs.RESULTS: The incidence of ATRs to unmanipulated APs was 5.5% (306 ATRs/5575 AP units). The incidence decreased to 1.7% (135 ATRs/4327 AP units) when individuals received concentrated APs (73% reduction; 95% CI, 65%‐79%) and 0.5% (21 ATRs/4082 AP units) when individuals received washed APs (95% reduction; 95% CI, 91%‐97%). Of the 39 individuals who received unmanipulated RBCs and subsequently washed RBCs, the incidence of ATRs decreased from 2.7% (33 ATRs/1236 RBC units) to 0.3% (2 ATRs/733 RBC units; 89.4% reduction; 95% CI, 55.5%‐97.5%). The median number of AP transfusions to first ATR was six (interquartile range [IQR], 2‐19) for unmanipulated APs and increased to 13 (IQR, 4‐32) for concentrated APs and 40 (IQR, 29‐73.5) for washed APs.CONCLUSIONS: Concentrating APs and washing APs and RBCs substantially reduces ATRs, suggesting that the plasma component of APs and RBCs has an essential role in the etiology of ATRs.
Oral complications in the treatment of cancer patients
Authors: Mosel DD , Bauer RL , Lynch DP , Hwang ST 
Published: January 2011

Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 550–559While treatment for cancer in terms of chemotherapy and radiation therapy have evolved significantly since their inception, both of these cancer treatment modalities, especially if used in combination (e.g., as with head and neck cancers), have a very real potential to result in painful and debilitating adverse effects that clearly decrease quality of life and, potentially, increase mortality due to cancer. Herein, we discuss the prevalence and etiology of three broad categories of oral complications found during the treatment of cancer patients: mucositis, dysgeusia, and infectious disease. Lastly, we present therapeutic options that may be helpful in ameliorating these uncomfortable and, sometimes, life‐threatening oral complications.