bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irritant contact dermatitis: A review
Authors: Slodownik Dan , Lee Adriene , Nixon Rosemary 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYIrritant contact dermatitis is the most common form of contact dermatitis, and yet is often overlooked. Recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis has reignited the interest of clinicians in this area of dermatology. Irritant contact dermatitis is not a homogenous entity, but rather a number of subtypes contributing to different clinical presentations. The diagnosis of irritant contact dermatitis is often clinical, and may only be possible after the exclusion of allergic contact dermatitis with patch testing. There is no readily available diagnostic test. There is an incomplete understanding of the factors which lead to the development of cumulative irritant contact dermatitis and persistent postoccupational dermatitis. We have used the experience from our tertiary referral occupational dermatology clinic to illustrate various aspects of irritant contact dermatitis, and to highlight the difficulty sometimes encountered in making this diagnosis. We believe that increased awareness of the often pivotal role of irritant contact dermatitis, as well as all the other factors contributing to occupational dermatitis, will lead to improvement in outcomes for patients.
Narrowband UVB therapy as an effective treatment for Schamberg's disease
Authors: Lasocki Anita L , Kelly Robert I 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA 33‐year‐old man presented with a 3‐month history of a widespread pigmented purpuric eruption over his trunk and limbs. The clinical presentation and histology were consistent with a diagnosis of Schamberg's disease. The rash initially cleared following a short course of oral prednisolone at 25 mg daily for 3 weeks, which was weaned over the subsequent 4 weeks. Topical mometasone furoate ointment 0.1% daily was also applied to active areas. The rash recurred when prednisolone was reduced to below 5 mg per day. To prevent a further recurrence with weaning prednisolone, narrowband UVB therapy was commenced three times per week. The patient was continued on UV therapy over the next 5 months. The rash would flare after 2 to 3 weeks without treatment. The frequency of UV therapy was weaned and the patient remained clear on as little as one treatment every 2 weeks. Any further reduction, however, was associated with a recurrence. Narrowband UVB therapy should be considered for difficult or persistent cases of pigmented purpuric eruption.
Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms in a cystic fibrosis carrier
Authors: Gild Rochelle , Clay Christopher D 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA 16‐year‐old girl presented with a 3‐year history of painful swelling and wrinkling of her palms on exposure to water. Physical examination, after less than 2 min of immersion, showed thickening and exaggerated wrinkling of the palms giving a whitish pebbly appearance. Aquagenic wrinkling of the palms was diagnosed. The patient was tested for the common cystic fibrosis mutations, and was found to be heterozygous for the arg117His cystic fibrosis mutation. Her sweat test was normal.
Complete resolution of recurrent calciphylaxis with long‐term intravenous sodium thiosulfate
Authors: Subramaniam Kavitha , Wallace Hilary , Sinniah Rajalingam , Saker Barry 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA 35‐year‐old morbidly obese woman on home haemodialysis presented with painful indurated subcutaneous nodules histologically characteristic of calciphylaxis. After failing to respond to conventional treatment, she was commenced on an intravenous infusion of 25 g of sodium thiosulfate three times per week. Two weeks after commencing sodium thiosulfate, the pain resolved completely. By 12 weeks, the lesions had healed and the infusions were ceased. Two months later, skin lesions recurred, but resolved again within 3 months of recommencement of sodium thiosulfate treatment, which was continued for 8 months. The treatment was well tolerated. There has been no recurrence of lesions in the 18 months since the cessation of sodium thiosulfate. Clinical trials to determine the optimum dose and duration of therapy for sodium thiosulfate treatment of calciphylaxis should be given priority because of its high rate of success in treating what is otherwise a severe and mostly lethal condition.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in a gadolinium‐naive renal transplant recipient
Authors: Anavekar Namrata S , Chong Alvin H , Norris Richard , Dowling John , Goodman David 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA 36‐year‐old woman presented with a 2‐year history of multiple, raised, brown papules and indurated skin over her lower legs. She had received a renal transplant 11 years earlier, and had a history of recurrent deep vein thromboses despite a negative thrombophilic screen. The patient had no history of exposure to gadolinium. Histology at this time revealed a light perivascular lymphoid infiltrate, activated fibroblasts and prominent capillary vessels. The patient re‐presented 1 year later with persistence of these lesions, in the setting of worsening renal function requiring haemodialysis. Repeat skin biopsies demonstrated increased dermal collagen and angiogenesis. The dermatopathological findings, in association with renal insufficiency and multiple deep vein thromboses, led to the diagnosis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.
Progressive trichodysplasia spinulosa in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in remission
Authors: Lee Joyce S‐S , Frederiksen Peter , Kossard Steven 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA 70‐year old Caucasian man with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia developed trichodysplasia spinulosa 2 months after ceasing chemotherapy. Histological features characteristic to this condition include dilated and enlarged hair follicles, hyperplastic hair bulbs, hyperplasia of inner root sheath cells with numerous large, eosinophilic, trichohyaline granules, and hypercornification. Although he was in remission for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, lesions were slowly progressive 15 months after cessation of chemotherapy. We also describe a painless pull‐test where spicules can be easily plucked and assessed microscopically for inner root sheath keratinization, or observed with surface microscopy in a clinic setting.
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis associated with liver transplantation, renal failure and gadolinium
Authors: Caccetta Tony , Chan Jonathan J 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA 47‐year‐old man underwent liver transplantation for cirrhosis secondary to hepatitis C and alcoholism. This was complicated by primary donor liver dysfunction and acute renal failure requiring dialysis. Gadolinium magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed 2 weeks post transplant, and a second successful liver transplant was performed 1 week later. Shortly after this, the patient developed rapidly progressive erythematous plaques over his abdomen, lower and upper limbs. There was marked oedema and skin induration. Fibrosis severely limited his mobility, leaving him wheelchair‐bound. An abdominal plaque biopsy revealed increased dermal mucin and cellularity, with proliferation of spindled fibroblastic cells. Paraprotein was not detected in the serum. Facial sparing, the absence of serum paraprotein and the histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Immunohistochemical stains revealed CD34‐positive spindle‐shaped cells, and electron microscopy did not detect free gadolinium. Following improvement in renal function and various treatments, his plaques softened, fibrosis slowed and mobility partially improved. Gadolinium magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed following this improvement. Six weeks later, further progression of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis occurred despite normal renal function.
Successful surgical management of lipoedematous alopecia
Authors: Yip Leona , Mason Graham , Pohl Miklos , Sinclair Rodney 
Published: August 2010

SUMMARYA 67‐year‐old Caucasian woman presented with an area of alopecia over the right occipital scalp, which had slowly expanded over the last 10 years. The skin beneath the alopecia felt soft and boggy although the epidermis looked unremarkable. Ultrasound showed thickening of the underlying subcutaneous tissue. Scalp histology showed enlarged fat lobules within the subcutis that infiltrated along fibrous tracts into the mid‐dermis. There was a complete loss of hair follicles. These findings were consistent with lipoedematous alopecia of the scalp. Surgical debulking with scalp reduction produced an acceptable result in our patient with no evidence of relapse after 12 months.
Meeting the educational needs of fieldwork supervisors: A collaborative workshop developed by New South Wales occupational therapy fieldwork coordinators
Authors: Mackenzie Lynette , Zakrzewski Lee , Walker Claudia , McCluskey Annie 
Published: August 2010

This paper describes the collaborative preparation and implementation of a workshop for occupational therapy fieldwork supervisors which has been developed by the four occupational therapy programmes in New South Wales. The workshop was primarily designed to meet the education needs of new and inexperienced fieldwork supervisors who could subsequently be prepared to supervise students from any of the four occupational therapy programmes in the state. The workshop was also offered to more experienced fieldwork supervisors who were interested in adapting their fieldwork programmes to incorporate the needs of students from the four occupational therapy programmes. The process of constructing the workshop is outlined. Results from pre‐workshop questionnaires (n = 237) and post‐workshop evaluations (n = 257), during the first year of presentation of the workshop, suggested that the workshop was effective in meeting the objectives of preparing fieldwork supervisors to supervise students from a variety of educational programmes. In addition, the collaboration between the occupational therapy programmes during the workshops has enabled other state‐wide fieldwork issues to be identified, and further projects have been undertaken to address fieldwork concerns.
The association between leisure motivation and recovery: A pilot study
Authors: Lloyd Chris , King Robert , McCarthy Maree , Scanlan Melissa 
Published: August 2010

Background and aims:  Recovery from mental illness may be facilitated by participation in activities that provide meaning and purpose in the lives of consumers. Leisure participation can be a major source of enjoyment as well as mental and physical well‐being. Methods and results:  This study examined the association between consumers’ motivation to engage in leisure and their self‐reported perception of recovery in a sample of 44 Clubhouse members. The Leisure Motivation Scale and the Recovery Assessment Scale were used to measure the association between leisure motivation and recovery. The results indicated a statistically significant association between leisure motivation and recovery. Conclusion:  These findings have implications for service delivery within mental health settings, as occupational therapists may be able to design leisure‐based programs more effectively if they can understand the needs and motives for participation. More emphasis should be placed on supporting consumers to re‐integrate and be socially included within the community through leisure‐based initiatives.
The occupational careers of men living with HIV infection in the United Kingdom: Insights into engaging in and orchestrating occupations
Authors: Molineux Matthew 
Published: August 2010

Background:  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) emerged as an entity in the mid‐1980s. Since that time, medical developments have greatly improved the detection and management of infection and the associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). As such, HIV infection is now seen as a chronic yet life‐threatening condition. Although occupational therapists have worked with people infected with HIV since quite early in the history of the disease, an understanding of living with HIV infection from an occupational perspective has been limited. However, as a chronic condition HIV infection is likely to have significant occupational implications.Methods:  Five men living with HIV infection in the UK were recruited through personal contacts and information sent to HIV/AIDS organisations. Each man was interviewed using an extended oral history model, recording detailed individual life histories from early childhood until the time of the interview. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A process of narrative analysis was developed and used to analyse each oral history. The result was a story of each man's life, centred around an occupational plot.Results:  The narratives are textual representations of each man's occupational career as they reveal the complexity of each man's life as a web of occupations, as well as the individual careers of particular occupations. The production of each man's occupational career made it possible to first explore living with HIV infection from an occupational perspective and provide an example of how an occupational perspective of humans and health can be operationalised. They tell the story of each man's life centred around occupation, and highlight how the men not only engaged in occupations but also orchestrated their engagement over time and within various environments. In addition, the occupational careers give a contextualised insight into the meaning of occupations. Second, this research has enabled an appreciation of the difference between biomedical and occupational views of living with HIV infection. Adopting an occupational perspective illustrated how the twists and turns of life living with HIV infection may not be marked wholly by such markers as blood tests and medication side‐effects. For some men in this study, living with HIV infection was marked by occupational engagement; ceasing, commencing, resuming, or requiring more effort to perform occupations. Third, this research has enabled an understanding of each man's response to HIV infection as part of his lifelong process of occupational adaptation. It was possible to appreciate how each man had responded to challenges in the past in order to achieve and maintain occupational adaptation. Although this was not predictive, it did provide a valuable insight into how each man responded to HIV infection.
Benefits and challenges of supervising occupational therapy fieldwork students: Supervisors’ perspectives
Authors: Thomas Yvonne , Dickson David , Broadbridge Jacqueline , Hopper Linda , Hawkins Rachel , Edwards Ann , McBryde Cathy 
Published: August 2010

Background/aim:  Increased enrolments in occupational therapy education programs, together with changes in the employment patterns of practising occupational therapists, have resulted in a crisis in fieldwork education in Australia. This study aimed to investigate fieldwork supervisors’ perspectives regarding the benefits and challenges of providing fieldwork placements, explore the potential link between providing student placements and later workforce recruitment, and document currently employed models of fieldwork supervision. Methods:  Participants included past, present and potential future fieldwork supervisors, sourced from fieldwork coordinators’ databases at The University of Queensland and James Cook University. Using an online, purpose‐designed questionnaire, descriptive data (frequencies and percentages) were gathered from forced‐choice questions. For open‐ended questions, content analysis was conducted to identify categories and themes. Results:  One hundred and thirty‐two surveys were completed. Benefits of fieldwork placements related to opportunities for later recruitment of fieldwork students, students conducting projects and developing resources, a sense of contributing to the occupational therapy profession, and the development of employee skills. Challenges related to staffing issues, lack of physical resources and prohibitive workload pressures. Multiple models of supervision were employed in supervisors’ workplaces, and almost all participants responsible for workplace employment had employed fieldwork students they had previously supervised. Conclusions: The results demonstrate a strong link between supervision and later recruitment of fieldwork students, suggesting that supervision of students is of considerable advantage to the host organisations in the recruitment of appropriately prepared employees. The study also demonstrates additional benefits to be promoted to supervisors and organisations to encourage and support fieldwork placements.
Informing fieldwork design: Key elements to quality in fieldwork education for undergraduate occupational therapy students
Authors: Kirke Pamela , Layton Natasha , Sim Jenny 
Published: August 2010

Aim:  In this current climate of escalating student fees, students as paying consumers expect a quality fieldwork experience. However, the ability of universities to deliver quality fieldwork programs is compromised by the increasing pressure experienced by fieldwork educators to meet productivity targets in the face of diminishing resources. This paper details how one university, Monash University, sought input from stakeholders to design a fieldwork program. Methods:  This qualitative study utilised focus groups to inform the researchers of stakeholders’ perceptions of what constitutes quality fieldwork education. A total of five focus groups were held, involving 47 occupational therapists practising in Victoria. Results:  The major findings include the need to provide ongoing professional development for fieldwork educators, the need to develop tangible strategies in recognition of their contribution towards fieldwork education, and the imperative for closer collaboration between universities and fieldwork educators. Conclusions:  Based on literature and in response to the focus group discussions, Monash University has implemented a number of measures to ensure the successful implementation of quality fieldwork education. These include providing ongoing professional development for fieldwork educators to enhance their role, addressing fieldwork educators’ concerns about project placements and supporting students with fieldwork relocation. Most importantly, this study demonstrates the need for educational institutions to take the lead in dialogue with the profession to enhance a collaborative response to constant changes in health‐care directions. The importance of ongoing research to inform quality fieldwork education is critical to moving the profession forward.
The Collaborative Model of Fieldwork Education: Implementation of the model in a regional hospital rehabilitation setting
Authors: Bartholomai Simone , Fitzgerald Cate 
Published: August 2010

Aim:   This paper describes the implementation of a Collaborative Model of Fieldwork Education in a regional hospital occupational therapy department. Methods:  The literature on models of fieldwork education for occupational therapy students is reviewed, and an approach to the implementation of the collaborative model with three students to one clinical educator is described after piloting of this model's recommendations, arising from the pilot placement, are proposed. Conclusions:  The implementation of a Collaborative Model of Fieldwork Education requires careful planning, close links with the university fieldwork team and a willingness on the behalf of occupational therapist clinical educators to explore alternative approaches to the provision of fieldwork education.
Learning style preferences of Australian occupational therapy students
Authors: French Glenys , Cosgriff Tessa , Brown Ted 
Published: August 2010

Background/aim:  The learning styles and teaching implications for nursing and health science students have been well researched in other countries. Less research has considered the learning styles and implications for occupational therapy students. The current study examines the learning styles of occupational therapy students at one Australian university. Methods:  The learning style preferences of first year undergraduate occupational therapy students (n = 120) were investigated. The students completed the Kolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI) and Fleming's VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/Write, and Kinaesthetic) Questionnaire in the first weeks of their course.Results:  The response rate was 97% (n = 116). Learning style preferences as determined by the Kolb LSI were spread over all four Kolb LSI learning styles with ‘diverging’ (30.2%) and ‘converging’ (28.4%) being the most preferred. Instructional preference as measured by the VARK Questionnaire was kinaesthetic learning (33%), followed by the multimodal preference VARK (18.1%). Visual and aural categories were these students’ least preferred methods of learning.Conclusions:  The results of the current study support previous research indicating a range of teaching methods should be utilised to accommodate for the variability of students’ learning styles within educational programs. To accommodate the range of learning experiences encountered in fieldwork and later in professional practice, students need to strengthen their capacities to use a variety of learning styles. This paper proposes that student learning for evidenced‐based practice be facilitated by a range of learning opportunities including practical experiences.
Clinical and pathological features of early gastric cancer in Singapore
Authors: So Jimmy Bok‐Yan , Samarasinghe Kapila , Raju Gangaraju Changal , Ti And Thiow‐Kong 
Published: August 2010

Objective: The incidence of early gastric cancer (EGC) is increasing gradually in countries such as Japan and Korea. Knowledge of EGC in other Asian countries, however, is limited. This study aims to describe the characteristics of this disease in Singapore.Method: A retrospective analysis of the operative results of a personal series of EGC was undertaken. The clinical and pathological characteristics were examined.Results: From 1979 to 1997, 226 patients with gastric cancer were operated on and 21 patients (9.3%) were diagnosed as having EGC by histological examination. All 21 patients received radical gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy. There were 12 males and 9 females with a median age of 59 years (range: 36–65). The presenting symptom was epigastric pain (15 patients), bleeding (two patients), weight loss (two patients), vomiting and incidental (one patient each). The majority of the tumours (76%) were located at the antrum and were intestinal type. Macroscopically, most of the tumours were either depressed (type IIc) or excavated (type III) type. Four cases were combined type. The lesion was limited to the mucosa in 10 cases. Only one patient had lymph node metastasis. There was no operative mortality and the morbidity rate was 14%. Nineteen patients had complete follow up for 3 months to 13 years. No patient developed tumour recurrence in the series.Conclusion: Early gastric cancer remains uncommon in Singapore. However, for these patients, radical gastrectomy yields excellent results with minimal morbidity.