bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tentative differentiation between Iznik tiles and copies with Raman spectroscopy using both laboratory and portable instruments
Authors: Simsek Gulsu , Colomban Philippe , Milande Véronique 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIznik tiles dated from the 16th century, copies of tiles and pottery of Théodore Deck from the 19th century and also tiles without any information on their origin were analyzed with both laboratory and portable Raman instruments. As the original tiles are generally fixed on the walls of historical buildings, the portable Raman spectrometer is more convenient for the analysis but the information obtained from the spectra is not very useful because of the medium resolution and complex baseline of the instrument in spite of its speed and ease of use. The Raman signature of the glazes is the most pertinent and easily accessible fingerprint of the artifacts. The differentiation between Iznik ceramics and other samples could be made with Raman spectrometers, according to the specific signature of SiO stretching and bending bands of Iznik glazes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequential stir bar extraction, thermal desorption and retention time locked GC–MS for determination of pesticides in water
Authors: Sampedro M. Carmen , Goicolea M. Aranzazu , Unceta Nora , Sánchez‐Ortega Alicia , Barrio Ramón J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA method based on sequential stir bar sorptive extraction followed by automated thermal desorption–GC–MS for the determination of pesticides in underground and superficial water samples has been developed. Retention time locked GC–MS and deconvolution Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System software allows the use of pesticide databases for identification and quantification in routine applications. Quantitation limits and repetitivity using full scan mass spectrometric determination guarantee the applicability of the method, which enables considerable savings to be made in total analysis time, with data processing times of around 2 min/sample.
Assessing the economic impact of wind farms on tourism in Scotland: GIS, surveys and policy outcomes
Authors: Riddington Geoff , McArthur David , Harrison Tony , Gibson Hervey 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe impact of wind farms on the environment and subsequently on tourism is the subject of much heated debate. The research was concerned with making a robust quantitative assessment of the economic impact, to help resolve the debate and inform government policy on planning for renewable energy. In addition to a broad description of the intercept surveys and the advanced local economic models used to ascertain impact, the research details two novel elements; a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) model for the analysis of the number of tourists and bed spaces exposed to wind farms and a large internet‐based survey of the willingness to pay for landscape. The research found a very small but significant negative economic impact and, on the basis of the survey information, suggests ways of minimising this impact. Both GIS modelling and internet surveying were found to be extremely useful and, it is suggested, both should become standard tools for the tourism researcher. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional imaging of ventilation dynamics in asthmatics using multiecho projection acquisition with constrained reconstruction
Authors: Holmes James H. , O'Halloran Rafael L. , Brodsky Ethan K. , Bley Thorsten A. , Francois Christopher J. , Velikina Julia V. , Sorkness Ronald L. , Busse William W. , Fain Sean B. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to detect dynamic gas trapping in three dimensions during forced exhalation at isotropic high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution using hyperpolarized helium‐3 MRI. Ten subjects underwent hyperpolarized helium‐3 MRI and multidetector CT. MRI was performed throughout inspiration, breath‐hold, and forced expiration. A multiecho three‐dimensional projection acquisition was used to improve data collection efficiency and an iterative constrained reconstruction was implemented to improve signal to noise ratio (SNR) and increase robustness to motion. Two radiologists evaluated the dynamic MRI and breath‐held multidetector CT data for gas and air trapping, respectively. Phantom studies showed the proposed technique significantly improved depiction of moving objects compared to view‐sharing methods. Gas trapping was detected using MRI in five of the six asthmatic subjects who displayed air trapping with multidetector CT. Locations in disagreement were found to represent small to moderate regions of air trapping. The proposed technique provides whole‐lung three‐dimensional imaging of respiration dynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution and compares well to the current standard, multidetector CT. While multidetector CT can provide information about static regional air trapping, it is unable to depict dynamics in a setting more comparable to a spirometry maneuver and explore the longitudinal time evolution of the trapped regions. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex situ endorectal MRI probe for prostate imaging
Authors: Blank Aharon , Ish‐Shalom Shlomo , Shtirberg Lazar , Zur Yuval 
Published: September 2009

AbstractA unique ex situ MRI probe, which examines samples external to its geometry, is presented. The probe is intended to be used for imaging the prostate gland via an endorectal pathway. It has a semicylindrical shape with a length of 6 cm and typical diameter of ∼3 cm. The probe's imaging field of view spans almost along its entire length and up to a distance of 2 cm away from its surface, with an angular sector of ∼90°. The detailed design of the probe is presented, followed by a set of representative results obtained by the current bench prototype of this system. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colorless polyimide nanocomposite films containing hexafluoroisopropylidene group
Authors: Choi Il Hwan , Chang Jin‐Hae 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPoly(amic acid) (PAA) was prepared by the reaction of 4,4'‐(hexafluoro‐isopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) with 2,2'‐bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl] hexafluoropropane (BAPP) in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Hybrid films were obtained from blend solutions of the precursor polymer and the organoclay Cloisite 15A, varying the organoclay content from 0 to 3.0 wt%. The cast PAA film was heat‐treated at different temperatures to create polyimide (PI) hybrid films, which showed excellent optical transparencies and were almost colorless. The intercalation of PI chains in the organoclays was examined by means of wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). In addition, the thermo‐mechanical properties were tested using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and a universal tensile machine (UTM). In the XRD, SEM, and TEM results for the PI hybrid films, a substantial increase in the agglomeration of the clay particles was observed as the clay loading was increased from 0.5 to 3.0 wt%. This suggests that in the hybrid materials with low clay content, the clay particles are better dispersed in the matrix polymer and do not agglomerate significantly. We found that the addition of a small amount of organoclay is sufficient to improve the thermal and mechanical properties of the PI, with the maximum enhancement being observed at 1.0 wt% Cloisite 15A. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of cationic and anionic clays on the hydrolytic degradation of polylactides
Authors: Zhou Quyuan , Xanthos Marino 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPolylactide (PLA)/montmorillonite (MMT) cationic clay and PLA/hydrotalcite (HT) anionic clay composites at 5wt% clay were melt compounded and characterized for morphology before and after hydrolytic degradation. Semicrystalline and amorphous polymers were used as well as noncalcined and calcined clays. The addition of cationic clays led to the formation of microcomposites, whereas the addition of anionic clays produced a much finer dispersion and enhanced polymer intercalation corresponding to that found in nanocomposites. Hydrolytic degradation rate constants of cationic microcomposites and, particularly, of anionic nanocomposites are lower than those of the unfilled polymers, possibly due to the reduction of the carboxylic group catalytic effect through neutralization with the hydrophilic alkaline filler. Comparison of calcined MMT and HT clays vs. their noncalcined counterparts suggest that calcination can further reduce hydrolytic degradation rates, particularly for semicrystalline PLA. Based on the calculated activation energies, the degradation kinetics did not differ significantly above and below the assumed Tg of 58–60°C. The results of this work would be applicable to controlled release pharmaceutical formulations containing clay/drug combinations produced by melt compounding with a biodegradable polymer matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Highly transparent thermoplastic elastomer from isotactic polypropylene and styrene/ethylene‐butylene/styrene triblock copolymer: Structure‐property correlations
Authors: Ahmad Zubair , Kumar K. Dinesh , Saroop Madhumita , Preschilla Nisha , Biswas Amit , Bellare Jayesh R. , Bhowmick Anil K. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) is one of the most useful general purpose plastics. However, the poor transparency and brittleness of PP restricts its applications in the field of medical and personal care where silicone and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are presently used. This work concentrates on developing highly transparent elastomeric PP blends and also thermoplastic elastomer by blending isotactic polypropylene (I‐PP) with styrene/ethylene‐butylene/styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymer. PP/SEBS blend derived from high melt flow index (MFI) PP and high MFI SEBS exhibit remarkable transparency (haze value as low as 6%) along with good percentage of elongation and processability. The reduction in difference of refractive index (RI) between PP and SEBS has been observed by blending SEBS with PP. The wide angle X‐ray diffraction studies show that there is significant reduction in the percentage crystallinity of PP by the addition of SEBS block copolymer. Temperature‐dependent polarized light microscopy studies reveal the reduction in spherulites size by the addition of SEBS block copolymer. Transmission electron micrographs show that the SEBS polymer forms a fine lamellar structure throughout the PP matrix with phase inversion at higher SEBS concentration. Development of phase morphology, crystalline morphology, and crystallinity in different blends has been analyzed and microstructure‐haze correlations have been developed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Melt surface grafting of HDPE with mercaptoesters by thermolysis method
Authors: Parthasarathy V. , Sundaresan B. , Dhanalakshmi V. , Anbarasan R. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHigh‐density polyethylene (HDPE) was graft functionalized with two different mercaptoesters in an inert atmosphere at 160°C under different experimental conditions by thermolysis method. The order of functionalization, crosslinking, and CC formation reactions were determined from the relative intensities of carbonyl stretching vibration and CH bending vibrations. FTIR, DSC, and TGA analytical tools were used to characterize mercaptoester‐functionalized HDPE. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed here to explain the experimental results obtained. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Use and impact of antidepressants in the school setting
Authors: Noggle Chad A. , Dean Raymond S. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDepression‐based presentations constitute some of the most commonly seen psychiatric manifestations within the school‐age population. In conjunction with increased numbers of children and adolescents being diagnosed with depressive symptomology over the past 2–3 decades, there has been seen a concurrent increase in the amount of antidepressant agents being prescribed within this group. This increase is largely related to the development of the newer class antidepressants, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, which have demonstrated preferred efficacy and adverse effect profiles over the older monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclics. This article discusses the primary differences between the various forms of antidepressants, including their utility and efficacy. Positive and negative impacts are also reviewed, including potential impact on schooling. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stability of thioester intermediates in ubiquitin‐like modifications
Authors: Song Jing , Wang Jianghai , Jozwiak Agnieszka A. , Hu Weidong , Swiderski Piotr M. , Chen Yuan 
Published: September 2009

AbstractUbiquitin‐like modifications are important mechanisms in cellular regulation, and are carried out through several steps with reaction intermediates being thioester conjugates of ubiquitin‐like proteins with E1, E2, and sometimes E3. Despite their importance, a thorough characterization of the intrinsic stability of these thioester intermediates has been lacking. In this study, we investigated the intrinsic stability by using a model compound and the Ubc9∼SUMO‐1 thioester conjugate. The Ubc9∼SUMO‐1 thioester intermediate has a half life of approximately 3.6 h (hydrolysis rate k = 5.33 ± 2.8 ×10−5 s−1), and the stability decreased slightly under denaturing conditions (k = 12.5 ± 1.8 × 10−5 s−1), indicating a moderate effect of the three‐dimensional structural context on the stability of these intermediates. Binding to active and inactive E3, (RanBP2) also has only a moderate effect on the hydrolysis rate (13.8 ± 0.8 × 10−5 s−1 for active E3 versus 7.38 ± 0.7 × 10−5 s−1 for inactive E3). The intrinsically high stability of these intermediates suggests that unwanted thioester intermediates may be eliminated enzymatically, such as by thioesterases, to regulate their intracellular abundance and trafficking in the control of ubiquitin‐like modifications.
MPEx: A tool for exploring membrane proteins
Authors: Snider Craig , Jayasinghe Sajith , Hristova Kalina , White Stephen H. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractHydropathy plot methods form a cornerstone of membrane protein research, especially in the early stages of biochemical and structural characterization. Membrane Protein Explorer (MPEx), described in this article, is a refined and versatile hydropathy‐plot software tool for analyzing membrane protein sequences. MPEx is highly interactive and facilitates the characterization and identification of favorable protein transmembrane regions using experiment‐based physical and biological hydrophobicity scales. Besides allowing the consequences of sequence mutations to be examined, it provides tools for aiding the design of membrane‐active peptides. MPEx is freely available as a Java Web Start application from our web site at http://blanco.biomol.uci.edu/mpex.
PTEN‐mediated G1 cell‐cycle arrest in LNCaP prostate cancer cells is associated with altered expression of cell‐cycle regulators
Authors: van Duijn P.W. , Ziel‐van der Made A.C.J. , van der Korput J.A.G. , Trapman J. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe tumor suppressor PTEN regulates many biological processes. A well‐known downstream effector of PTEN is phospho‐Akt. Although PTEN is the most frequently inactivated gene in prostate cancer, its mode of action is not fully understood. We studied the association of regulated PTEN expression with changes in biological function and gene expression profiles.METHODSPTEN‐negative LNCaP cells were stably transfected with wild‐type PTEN cDNA under inducible control, resulting in LNCaP/PTEN cells. Microarray analysis was used to monitor gene expression changes upon induction of PTEN. Expression of selected individual genes was studied in Q‐PCR and siRNA experiments. Cell‐cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTSInduced expression of PTEN in LNCaP/PTEN cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, at least partly due to cell‐cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Expression profiling combined with pathway analysis revealed that PTEN‐dependent G1 growth arrest was associated with an altered mRNA expression of the G1 cell‐cycle regulators Cdc25a, E2F2, cyclin G2, and RBL2/p130. Specific inhibition of Akt signaling by siRNA resulted in downregulation of both E2F2 and Cdc25a mRNA expression and upregulation of the FOXO target cyclin G2, similar to the effect observed by PTEN induction. However, Akt did not mediate the PTEN‐dependent RBL2/p130 mRNA expression in LNCaP/PTEN cells.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that PTEN dependent gene expression is important in cell‐cycle regulation and is mediated by both Akt‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms. Prostate 70: 135–146, 2010. ©2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intimate encounters: the embodied transnationalism of backpackers and independent travellers
Authors: Allon Fiona , Anderson Kay 
Published: September 2009

AbstractThis paper examines some of the tensions between local government authorities, residents, and backpackers occurring in a group of Sydney coastal suburbs that are the host destinations for large numbers of young independent travellers. Drawing on the concepts of ‘intimacy’ and ‘encounter’, it focuses on the kinds of embodied encounters occurring when the transnational networks of these travellers become overlaid on, and in conflict with, the patterns of occupancy and governance of relatively settled and established residential communities. These exchanges not only include the mix of experiences of local residents living side by side this group of transnational visitors, but also the interactions established among the travellers themselves. These involve new and novel relations of social and physical community formation, sexual practices, patterns of drug and alcohol consumption, as well as instances of danger, discomfort, and violence. The range and intensity of these kinds of encounters, as well as the problems frequently associated with them, appear to be increasing primarily because backpackers not only travel through but also dwell in place. One of the more neglected results of this phenomenon, is, as we suggest in this paper, a range of new encounters that are ‘intimate’ not only in the obvious sense of a meeting of diverse and physically proximate bodies. Employing the notion of ‘cultural intimacy’, we suggest that such encounters can also be said to arouse sensitivities associated with the often cherished and taken‐for‐granted fixities of home, place, and entitlement, for ‘visitor’ and ‘host’ alike. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel approach to build QKD relaying models
Authors: Le Quoc‐Cuong , Bellot Patrick 
Published: September 2009

AbstractQuantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an unconditionally secure key‐agreement scheme that promises worthwhile applications. One most critical drawback of QKD is the limitation of the range. In this paper, we present a novel idea that can be useful in the development of new effective QKD relaying models. As an illustration, we introduce two new models that are based on the proposed idea, capable of securely extending the range of original QKD schemes by using untrusted relays. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A guide to trust in mobile ad hoc networks
Authors: Balfe Shane , Yau Po‐Wah , Paterson Kenneth G. 
Published: September 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we examine issues of trust and reputation in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We look at a number of the trust and reputation models that have been proposed, and we highlight open problems in this area. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women's perceived frequency of disturbing interruptions and its relationship to self‐rated health and satisfaction with life as a whole
Authors: Erlandsson Lena‐Karin , Björkelund Cecilia , Lissner Lauren , Håkansson Carita 
Published: September 2009

AbstractDaily occupations form a pattern dominated by a few main occupations intertwined with hidden occupations. A third category is denoted unexpected occupations or minor events that interrupt the rhythm of main and hidden occupations. The phenomenon of unexpected occupations can be interpreted as an illustration of interruptions in daily life or daily minor stressors. The study aimed to investigate women's perceived frequency of such disturbing interruptions, and possible relationships with their self‐rated health and satisfaction with life as a whole. The study included 202 women aged 38 years, and 286 women aged 50 years who replied to a mailed questionnaire. The results showed that perceived high frequency of interruptions was related to poor subjective health among the younger women, and to low satisfaction with life as a whole in both age groups. Furthermore, the younger women perceived disturbing interruptions more frequently than the older ones, and among the younger women those who had children living at home and lived with a partner experienced disturbing interruptions more frequently than those without children living at home or those living single. The results should be interpreted with caution because the measurement of perceived interruptions has not yet been subjected to psychometric evaluation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numb Promotes an Increase in Skeletal Muscle Progenitor Cells in the Embryonic Somite
Authors: Jory Aurélie , Le Roux Isabelle , Gayraud-Morel Barbara , Rocheteau Pierre , Cohen-Tannoudji Michel , Cumano Ana , Tajbakhsh Shahragim 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Multiple cell types arise from cells in the dermomyotome of the somite that express Pax3 and Pax7, and myogenesis is regulated by Notch signaling. The asymmetric cell fate determinant Numb is thought to promote differentiation of skeletal muscle and other lineages by negatively regulating Notch signaling. We used transgenesis to overexpress Numb spatiotemporally in Pax3+/Pax7+ somitic stem and progenitor cells in mouse embryos using a spatiotemporally regulated enhancer element from the Myf5 locus that can target muscle progenitor cells prior to cell commitment. Molecular analyses as well as examination of dermal and skeletal muscle cell fates in vivo show that although Numb is thought to be associated with muscle differentiation, unexpectedly the common stem/progenitor pool size for these lineages is increased in Numb-transgenic embryos. Prospective isolation of the relevant transgenic cells and analysis by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that, in this context, canonical Notch targets are not significantly downregulated. These findings were corroborated using a Notch reporter mouse during the formation of somites and prior to lineage segregation. Thus, we propose that Numb can regulate the self-renewal of dermal and muscle progenitors during a lineage progression.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.