bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Guerre de Sept Ans Et Ses Conséquences Atlantiques: Kourou Ou L'apparition D'un Nouveau Système Colonial
Authors: de Borms Marion F. Godfroy-Tayart 
Published: April 2009

La signature du traité de Paris qui clôt en 1763 la guerre de Sept ans ruine définitivement le rêve d'une Amérique française. Souvent, à l'instar de Voltaire, on a considéré que la perte du Canada et de la Louisiane était négligeable, puisque l'on conservait les précieuses îles à sucre. Cette opinion est contredite par un exemple magistral, l'expédition de Kourou de 1763. Cette expédition marque le désir de Choiseul, secrétaire d'Etat à la Marine, de faire de la Guyane un brillant contrepoint de la domination britannique au nord, et ainsi d'établir ce qu'il nomme « un système d'Europe ». Cette volonté, et les agents qu'il emploie pour la concrétiser, marque ce que représentait, voire ce que pouvait apporter, un premier empire colonial français dont on venait, tardivement, de prendre conscience.
The signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763 put an end to the dream of a French America. The historiography of the period has often characterized the loss of Canada and the cession of Louisiana as negligible in the eyes of both the French population and the French government. The example of the 1763 Kourou expedition contradicts this view and demonstrates that the Duke of Choiseul intended to establish what he called “a system of Europe” in French Guyana. Choiseul's ambition was to make Guyana the counterpoint of British domination in North America. His intention and the means used to achieve it indicate what this first French colonial empire represented and its potential benefits, which were only belatedly acknowledged.
Geranyl Bearing Polyisoprenylated Benzoylphloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum sampsonii
Authors: Zeng Yi Han , Mu Qing , Xiao Zhi Yong , Xu Yu , Rahman M Mukhlesur , Gibbons Simon 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Two new geranyl bearing polyisoprenylated benzoylphloroglucinol derivatives, hypersampsone G (1) and hypersampsone H (2) were isolated from the fruit of Hypericum sampsonii. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and the structure of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Antitumor activities on A549 human cancer cells of the two compounds were tested.
Regio- and Enantioselective Allylation of Indole Catalyzed by a Planar-chiral Cyclopentadienyl–Ruthenium Complex
Authors: Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Kameyama Chiaki , Sasai Hiroaki 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The reaction of cinnamyl chloride with indole in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst possessing a planar-chiral cyclopentadienyl ligand resulted in the substitution at the 3-position of the indole ring to give a branched allylation product with high regio- and enantioselectivities. The stoichiometric reaction clearly revealed that the catalytic reaction proceeded via a π-cinnamyl intermediate.
Preparation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) Film with a Hydrophilic Surface by Direct Surface-initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization without Pretreatment
Authors: Kimura Taichi , Kobayashi Motoyasu , Morita Masamichi , Takahara Atsushi 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert-butyl acrylate was carried out directly from a nonmodified poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-co-TrFE)] film surface to give a polymer brush, which was further converted to a poly(acrylic acid sodium salt) brush by hydrolysis. A hydrophilic surface was successfully created at the outermost surface of P(VDF-co-TrFE) film without any change in the bulk physical properties. Also the effect of surface nanotexture formation on wettability was investigated.
Preparation of Nanocomposite Microspheres Containing High Concentration of TiO2 Nanoparticles via Bead Mill Dispersion in Organic Solvent
Authors: Takeda Masayoshi , Tanabe Eishi , Iwaki Toru , Yabuki Akihiro , Okuyama Kikuo 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
TiO2 nanocomposite microspheres with a high concentration of around 40 mass % were successfully prepared. TiO2 nanoparticles were well dispersed in butyl acetate by a bead mill. After adding an acrylic monomer and initiator, the suspension was heated at 80 °C for 16 h to evaporate butyl acetate and polymerize the monomer. The replacement of butyl acetate with the monomer as the dispersion medium was effective in producing a high concentration of TiO2 nanocomposite microspheres.
Size-controlled Preparation of Poly(allylamine)-stabilized CdS Nanoparticles by Solution pH
Authors: Hayashi Junjiro , Nishi Mitsumi , Wanaka Mio 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
CdS nanoparticles (CdS NPs) were prepared in an aqueous solution with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) as a stabilizer. It was found that the size of CdS NPs was easily controllable with solution pH with good reproducibility. By comparing the pH dependence of CdS NPs stabilized with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) having an opposite charge to PAH, the electrostatic interaction amongst the polyelectrolyte was believed to have a great influence on the size determination.
Evaluation of unilateral referrals on neonatal hearing screening
Authors: Chang Kay W , O-Lee T J , Price Melissa 
Published: April 2009

Objective Examination of neonatal hearing screening practices around the world suggests that more attention is placed on infants who fail bilaterally on their hearing screen than infants who refer (fail) in one ear. Some programmes only report bilateral failures as positive hearing screens. This study investigates how limitations of the screening techniques demand continued audiologic evaluations in unilateral referrals. Setting The study sample consisted of all infants born at a single academic paediatric hospital between February 1998 and February 2002. Methods There were 16,007 infants screened using ALGO automated auditory brainstem response. Eighteen of the infants who failed the screen in one ear but passed in the other ear were found to have permanent hearing loss, and had their subsequent clinical course and audiologic management analysed. The final audiologic outcome after four years in both the pass and fail ear were examined. Results One group of unilateral referrals (n = 6) had obvious anatomic reasons for the ear failing the screen (canal atresia/stenosis). There were five patients in which the ear that passed the screen was later found on more extensive audiologic evaluation to have significant hearing loss. Review of recent literature was also completed to examine the methods by which unilateral screening referrals are commonly reported and whether or not this affected follow-up diagnostic evaluation. Conclusion Infants who pass one ear and refer one ear on neonatal hearing screening still need to have thorough and prompt evaluations. In many cases, the ear that passed can be found to have significant hearing loss.
Willingness to undergo colorectal cancer screening in first-degree relatives of hospitalized patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Delgado-Plasencia L , López-Tomassetti-Fernández E , Hernández-Morales A , Torres-Monzón E , González-Hermoso F 
Published: April 2009

Aims To evaluate whether willingness to undergo colonoscopy screening is influenced by being a first-degree relative of hospitalized patients with or without colorectal cancer after briefing and surgeon recommendation. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 327 first-degree relatives of hospitalized patients aged higher than 40 years, divided into Group A (151 relatives of colorectal cancer patients) and Group B (176 relatives of non-cancer patients) at the University Hospital of the Canary Islands, Spain. All were personally briefed by a surgeon, aided by a colorectal cancer pamphlet, and encouraged to accept screening colonoscopy with sedation. Results Willingness to undergo colonoscopy screening was greater in Group A (66.9%) than in Group B (29.0%); (odds ratio: 11.1; 95% confidence interval = 4.27 to 29.14; P < 0.001). Pre-briefing awareness of screening colonoscopy was also significantly higher in Group A (76.8% vs. 33.5%; P < 0.001), the main source of information being a close relative with colorectal cancer. Conclusions Being a close relative of a colorectal cancer patient is positively related with willingness to undergo colonoscopy screening in this study. This cross-sectional study outlines a strategy for increasing the level of willingness to undergo colorectal cancer screening in a group of people at risk.
Rubella seroprevalence in pregnant women in North Thames: estimates based on newborn screening samples
Authors: Hardelid P , Cortina-Borja M , Williams D , Tookey P A , Peckham C S , Cubitt W D , Dezateux C 
Published: April 2009

Objectives Routine screening for rubella susceptibility is recommended in the UK so that women found to be susceptible can be offered immunization in the post partum period. We demonstrate the use of newborn dried blood spot samples linked to routine vital statistics datasets to monitor rubella susceptibility in pregnant women and to investigate maternal characteristics as determinants of rubella seronegativity. Setting North Thames region of England (including large parts of inner London). Methods Maternally acquired rubella IgG antibody levels were measured in 18882 newborn screening blood spot samples. Latent class regression finite mixture models were used to classify samples as seronegative to rubella. Data on maternal country of birth were available through linkage to birth registration data. Results An estimated 2.7% (95% CI 2.4%–3.0%) of newly delivered women in North Thames were found to be seronegative. Mothers born abroad, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, were more likely to be seronegative than UK-born mothers, with adjusted odds ratios of 4.2 (95% CI 3.1–5.6) and 5.0 (3.8–6.5), respectively. Mothers under 20 years were more likely to be seronegative than those aged 30 to 34. Conclusion Our findings highlight the need for vaccination to be targeted specifically at migrant women and their families to ensure that they are protected from rubella in pregnancy and its serious consequences.
SISO-Closed-Loop Identifikation: Eine Toolbox für den Einsatz in der industriellen PraxisSISO-Closed-Loop Identification: A Toolbox Ready-to-Use in Industrial Practice
Authors: Koitka Markus , Kahrs Olaf , van Herpen Robbert , Hagenmeyer Veit 
Published: April 2009

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Prozessführung verfahrenstechnischer Anlagen kommt es immer wieder vor, dass ein Regler aufgrund von Änderungen der Streckendynamik neu eingestellt werden muss. Eine Öffnung des Regelkreises ist dabei jedoch oft nicht erwünscht. Um modellbasiert vorgehen zu können, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag eine Toolbox für den Einsatz der Closed-Loop Identifikation in der Praxis entwickelt. Dabei werden die in der Literatur vorliegenden theoretischen Grundlagen der Closed-Loop Identifikation diskutiert, die Struktur einer praxistauglichen Toolbox beschrieben und die erfolgreiche Anwendung an einem realen Prozess gezeigt. Schließlich werden offene Fragestellungen für weitergehende Entwicklungen thematisiert.
Modelica Predictive Control – An MPC Library for ModelicaEine MPC-Bibliothek für Modelica
Authors: Hölemann Sebastian , Abel Dirk 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Modelica is a powerful and flexible instrument for component-wise dynamic system modeling. Unfortunately, until now it does not provide many structures to integrate advanced control methods. This article presents a Modelica library for model-based predictive controllers with linear process models, which offers the use of several model representations in the controller for predicting the future plant outputs. As well, the controller is capable of constraints and disturbance handling. A controller block can be included easily into any Modelica model and is parameterized intuitively. The library avoids the coupling of Modelica to other software products.Thus, a contribution is made towards an integrated control system design in Modelica.
Estimation of optimal portfolio compositions for Gaussian returns
Authors: Bodnar Taras , Schmid Wolfgang 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
We consider the expected return and the variance of the expected quadratic utility portfolio and the tangency portfolio. The expected returns on the individual assets and their covariance matrix are estimated by the sample mean and the sample covariance matrix. Replacing the unknown parameters by these estimators in the portfolio characteristics estimators of the expected portfolio return and the portfolio variance are obtained.
In this paper we calculate the densities of these estimators assuming independent and multivariate normally distributed returns. Because the densities can be computed by using standard mathematical software packages these representations are very useful. These results can be applied to construct tests and confidence intervals for the parameters of the efficient frontier.
On nonparametric estimation of the regression function under random censorship model
Authors: Guessoum Zohra , Ould-Said Elias 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
In this paper, we study the behavior of a kernel estimator for the regression function in a random right-censoring model. We establish pointwise and uniform strong consistency over a compact set and give a rate of convergence for the estimate.The asymptotic normality of the estimate is also proved. Simulations are drawn for different cases to illustrate both, convergence and asymptotic normality.
A Bayesian approach to incorporate model ambiguity in a dynamic risk measure
Authors: Bäuerle Nicole , Mundt André 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
In this paper we consider an explicit dynamic risk measure for discrete-time payment processes which have a Markovian structure. The risk measure is essentially a sum of conditional Average Value-at-Risks. Analogous to the static Average Value-at-Risk, this risk measures can be reformulated in terms of the value functions of a dynamic optimization problem, namely a so-called Markov decision problem. This observation gives a nice recursive computation formula. Afterwards, the definition of the dynamic risk measure is generalized to a setting with incomplete information about the risk distribution which can be seen as model ambiguity. We choose a parametric approach here. The dynamic risk measure is again defined as the sum of conditional Average Value-at-Risks or equivalently is the solution of a Bayesian decision problem. Finally, it is possible to discuss the effect of model ambiguity on the risk measure: Surprisingly, it may be the case that the risk decreases when additional “risk” due to parameter uncertainty shows up. All investigations are illustrated by a simple but useful coin tossing game proposed by Artzner and by the classical Cox–Ross–Rubinstein model.
The need for adequate quality assurance/quality control measures for selenium larval deformity assessments: Implications for tissue residue guidelines
Authors: McDonald Blair G , Chapman Peter M 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Assessing the frequency and severity of larval fish deformities is a subjective exercise that is subject to considerable parameter uncertainty unless appropriate quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) measures are incorporated. This issue has received limited attention in the literature. Only one study was identified that contained adequate data to evaluate the reproducibility of larval deformity data. Parameter uncertainty was substantially larger than expected. There was poor reproducibility between observers for nearly all types and magnitudes of deformities, and there were particularly large differences in how mild deformities were assessed. The reproducibility of the edema endpoint was the poorest of the 4 types of deformity evaluated. Specific recommendations for improving the QA/QC aspects of larval deformity assessments include blind and nonsequential labeling; explicit effort on the development and application of an a priori framework; internal QC checks to quantify the influence of sample preservatives, observer drift, or multiple observers; and an external QC check of a minimum of 10% of all larval fish. Future selenium reproductive studies should include an explicit uncertainty analysis and disclose raw deformity data to facilitate recalculation of tissue residue guidelines as the science in this area advances.
Reliability Aspects of Microsystems for Automotive Applications
Authors: Müller‐Fiedler Roland , Nötzold Kerstin , Schneider Arnold , Rank Holger , Graf Jürgen 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe implementation of microsystems in automotive applications is certainly one of the driving forces for the success of MEMS as an industrial technology on mass production level. In many cases, automotive systems based on microsensors are critical to safety. Consequently, microsystems have to assure an accurate, reliable, and failsafe operation during the entire lifetime of the vehicle. Since, the car represents a harsh environment for electronic or mechanical systems and components, reliability issues of MEMS have moved more and more into the focus of research and development. In particular, reliability aspects related to packaging and assembly have become a key issue in lifetime investigations. The packaging of microsystems comprises a variety of materials and material combinations, that directly affect the stability of MEMS components. Therefore, sophisticated characterization methods are needed to extract the reliability‐relevant material parameters. This paper gives an introduction into investigations of the stability assessment of glass frit bonding as well as new bonding technologies based on metallic sealing of MEMS devices.
A Catalytic and Enantioselective Synthesis oftrans‐2‐Amino‐1‐ aryltetralins
Authors: Hajra Saumen , Maji Biswajit , Mal Dipakranjan 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe bis‐oxazoline‐copper complex‐catalyzed aziridination of alkenes followed by an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation of the tethered andin situgenerated aziridine provides a one‐pot, general and efficient method for the synthesis oftrans‐2‐amino‐1‐aryltetralins from a mixture of 2‐ arylethylstyrenes (E/Z≤85:15) with excellent dia‐ stereo‐ (dr>99:1) and enantioselectivities (up to 92%ee).
Sequential Copper‐Catalyzed Rearrangement–Allylic Substitution of Bicyclic Hydrazines with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Crotti Stefano , Bertolini Ferruccio , Macchia Franco , Pineschi Mauro 
Published: April 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe problem of the synthesis of trans‐1,4‐disubstituted hydrazino‐ and aminocyclopentenes has been resolved by a sequential copper‐catalyzed rearrangement–allylic alkylation of 2,3‐diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenes. The cis‐fused 5,5‐membered allylic carbazate which is formed in situ by a novel copper(II) triflate [Cu(OTf)2]/(±)‐BINAP‐catalyzed rearrangement, can be alkylated with a broad spectrum of Grignard reagents with a predominant SN2′‐regioselectivity. The N‐Boc protecting group proved to be optimal as regards yields, reaction times and regioselectivities.
Reversible Switching of the Shear Modulus of Photoresponsive Liquid‐Crystalline Polymers
Authors: Verploegen Eric , Soulages Johannes , Kozberg Mariel , Zhang Tejia , McKinley Gareth , Hammond Paula 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLicht steuert Fließverhalten: Morphologie und rheologische Eigenschaften eines flüssigkristallinen Systems können nach Anbringen photoresponsiver flüssigkristalliner Einheiten an ein Siloxanpolymer durch UV‐Bestrahlung dynamisch manipuliert werden. Die Anregung mit UV‐Licht induziert einen Konformationswechsel im Molekül, der die flüssigkristalline Mesophase zerstört (siehe Bild) und eine drastische Änderung der rheologischen Eigenschaften bewirkt.magnified image
Adsorbate‐Induced Surface Segregation for Core–Shell Nanocatalysts
Authors: Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Juhart Viktorija , Hartl Katrin , Hanzlik Marianne , Arenz Matthias 
Published: April 2009

AbstractComing to the surface: The surface composition of carbon‐supported Pt3Co catalyst particles changes upon a CO‐annealing treatment. Platinum atoms segregate to the particle surface so that nanoparticles with a platinum shell surrounding an alloy core are formed. This modified catalyst has a superior activity in the oxygen reduction reaction compared to both a plain platinum catalyst and the untreated alloy particles.magnified image
One‐Pot, Direct Incorporation of [11C]CO2 into Carbamates
Authors: Hooker Jacob M. , Reibel Achim T. , Hill Sidney M. , Schueller Michael J. , Fowler Joanna S. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractWhy beat about the bush? An operationally simple and mild reaction based on the direct fixation of 11CO2 with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) has been developed for the synthesis of 11C‐labeled carbamates at 75 °C within 10 minutes in radiochemical yields above 70 % (see scheme). This strategy should be immediately useful for the construction of new radiotracers for positron emission tomography and other applications.magnified image
Synthesis and molecular structures of 1‐boracyclopent‐2‐enes
Authors: Khan Ezzat , Kempe Rhett , Wrackmeyer Bernd 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe reaction of 1‐silyl‐1‐borylalkenes with alkyn‐1‐yltin compounds affords borol‐2‐enes, organometallic‐substituted allenes, mixtures thereof or even more complex mixtures with buta‐1,3‐dienes, depending on the third substituent at the CC bond (Bu or Ph), on the number of SiCl functions (two or three) and the nature of the alkyn‐1‐yltin compound. Six new borol‐2‐enes were isolated in pure state, and two of them were characterized by X‐ray structural analysis. The solution‐state structures of all major products were clearly established by multinuclear magnetic resonance methods (1H, 11B, 13C, 29Si, 119Sn NMR). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early patterns of scientific production by Mexican researchers in mainstream journals, 1900–1950
Authors: Luna‐Morales Ma. Elena , Collazo‐Reyes Francisco , Russell Jane M. , Pérez‐Angón Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2009

AbstractAccording to the bibliographical data included in the Web of Science, SCOPUS, Chemical Abstracts, and other specialized information services covering the period 1900–1950, the first publications in mainstream journals by Mexican researchers appeared only in the first decades of the 20th century. Contrary to expectations, we find that the academic community was not the protagonist in the early stages of Mexican scientific practices, but that there was a strong contribution coming from researchers associated with the public‐health sector and the chemical and mining industries. We were able to identify in this half century four different modes of scientific production: amateur, institutional, academic, and industrial, which in turn correspond to distinct stages in the evolution of the Mexican scientific production. We characterize these modes of production with a variety of indicators: publication and citation patterns, author output, journal and subject categories, institutional collaborations, and geographical distribution.