bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
InBO3 Photocatalyst with Calcite Structure for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Jia Qingxin , Miseki Yugo , Saito Kenji , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Kudo Akihiko 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Indium borate (InBO3) with a calcite structure that was prepared by a solid-state reaction and a two-step precipitation method was employed as a photocatalyst for water splitting under UV light irradiation. The InBO3 photocatalyst prepared by the precipitation method showed higher activity than that prepared by the solid-state reaction when a NiO cocatalyst was loaded on the photocatalyst. In the case of the precipitation method, the photocatalytic activity over NiO/InBO3 strongly depended on the calcination temperature and an excess amount of boric acid in the preparation. The correlation among preparation conditions, physical properties, and photocatalytic activities for water splitting has revealed that crystallinity and particle size mainly contributed to the increase in the photocatalytic activity.
Fluorescence Color Change of a Boron-Substituted Diarylazomethine by Reaction with a Cyanide Ion
Authors: Yoshino Junro , Kano Naokazu , Kawashima Takayuki 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
N-(2-Anthryl)-2-[bis(pentafluorophenyl)boryl]benzylideneamine changed its fluorescence color from yellow to green upon addition of an equimolar amount of cyanide ion, in contrast to the N-phenyl derivatives, which showed quenching of the emission. Theoretical calculations suggested that switching of the imine-based emission to anthryl-based emission by adduct formation provides the N-anthrylimine derivative with the fluorescence color change.
Firesetting in the general population: The development and validation of the Fire Setting and Fire Proclivity Scales
Authors: Gannon Theresa A. , Barrowcliffe Emma 
Published: September 2010

Purpose. The main aims of the present study were to examine the prevalence of self‐reported deliberate firesetting in the community, and to develop two separate measures – the Fire Setting Scale and the Fire Proclivity Scale – to assess, respectively, the antisocial and fire interest factors associated with firesetters and the propensity of firesetters to be attracted to, aroused by, behaviourally inclined, and antisocially motivated to light fires.Method. At Time 1, 158 participants were asked to indicate – confidentially – whether they had ever intentionally set a fire. Participants also completed the newly developed Fire Setting Scale and Fire Proclivity Scale. Around 2 weeks later, 150 of the 158 participants returned at Time 2 to complete the Fire Setting Scale and Fire Proclivity Scale again. Participants' responses at Time 1 were used to gather basic descriptive information on the newly developed measures. Participants' repeated testing at Time 2 was used to measure the reliability of the measures over time.Results. Of participants, 11 per cent (n= 18) self‐reported setting a deliberate fire. These participants were similar to non‐firesetters on basic demographics although firesetters reported more behavioural problems and previous convictions for vandalism‐associated offences. Both the Fire Setting Scale and Fire Proclivity Scale showed good psychometric properties and discriminated clearly between self‐reported firesetters and non‐firesetters. However, only one subscale from the Fire Proclivity Scale – the behavioural propensity index – entered significantly into a Discriminant Function Analysis which correctly classified participants at an overall rate of 91%.Conclusions. The two new scales developed show promise for detecting factors associated with firesetting and may be useful for (1) detecting individuals in the community who require preventative firesetting work, and (2) measuring clinical need and intervention impact associated with firesetters in secure settings.
Inflammatory markers, cholesterol and statins: pathophysiological role and clinical importance
Authors: Biasucci Luigi Marzio , Biasillo Gina , Stefanelli Antonella 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Statins are one of the most important medications in cardio-vascular diseases since they block cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and thus reduce low density lipoprotein concentrations. In the last years, numerous pleiotropic properties of statins have been described, beyond their well-known lipid lowering function. In particular, they are able to modulate inflammation, which plays a pivotal role in the atherosclerotic process. Several trials have shown a direct correlation between statin therapy and lower C-reactive protein concentrations. Moreover, a large body of pathophysiological studies has demonstrated that statins lower cytokine concentrations and inhibit recruitment, migration and cell adhesion to endothelium by attenuating chemokine production. They also inhibit inflammatory pathways regulated by proteins as Ras and Rho, and increase nitric oxide production which exerts a protective effect on endothelium. In addition to reducing inflammation in coronary atherosclerosis, statins also have beneficial effects in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, and they could induce clinical improvement. Statins seem to exert benefits even in settings of infection. These results suggest that initiating and monitoring statin therapy on the basis of inflammatory markers, in particular C-reactive protein, may improve cardiovascular prevention and treatment.
Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1685–91.
Mechanical potential of eco-OSB produced from durable and nondurable species and natural resins
Authors: Arnould Olivier , Stürzenbecher Reinhard , Bardet Sandrine , Hofstetter Karin , Guibal Daniel , Amusant Nadine , Pizzi Antonio 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Oriented strand board (OSB) panels were manufactured with different mixtures of pine and cypress heartwood and resins based on lignin or tannin to develop an eco-friendly wood composite with a natural durability against termite and fungi. Some physical properties and the major elastic moduli of bulk wood as well as of the manufactured panels were determined using different measurement techniques. In addition, a micromechanical model was adapted and validated with the experimental results. The good agreement obtained between the experimental data and model predictions indicates the proper assessment of the most influential parameters, such as raw material and adhesive properties, strand orientation, layer assembly and density profile. A parameter study, enlightening the effect of strand orientation on several elastic constants, enlarges the scope of experiments. We conclude with an optimal combination of resin and wood species mixture resulting in the best performance from a biological and mechanical standpoint.
Die Infektionsdiagnostik der Myo- und Perikarditis. Teil I: mikrobiologische Erreger / Laboratory diagnosis of myocarditis and pericarditis. Part I: Microbiologic investigations
Authors: Wittek Miriam , Hintereder Gudrun , Allwinn Regina , Doerr Hans Wilhelm , Hunfeld Klaus-Peter 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Entzündliche Herzerkrankungen betreffen kombiniert oder isoliert den Herzmuskel und dessen Hülle. Endo-, Myo- und/oder Perikarditiden haben viele verschiedene Ursachen. Sie verlaufen als akute oder chronische Erkrankung. Neben Viren, die gegenwärtig als auslösende Agentien dominieren, sind weiterhin Bakterien, Pilze und Parasiten anzuführen. Autoimmunologische Prozesse sowie bestimmte Therapeutika, z.B. Cocain, gelten als Auslöser nicht infektiöser Myokarditiden. In 25% der Fälle findet sich bei bestehender Myokarditis eine Perikardbeteiligung. Nachfolgend sollen wichtige mikrobiologische Erreger und deren Nachweismöglichkeiten vorgestellt werden, die im Zusammenhang mit einer Myo- und/oder Perikarditis stehen.
Die Infektionsdiagnostik der Myo- und Perikarditis. Teil II: virologische Erreger / Laboratory diagnosis of myocarditis and pericarditis. Part II: Virologic investigations
Authors: Wittek Miriam , Hintereder Gudrun , Allwinn Regina , Hunfeld Klaus-Peter , Doerr Hans Wilhelm 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
In Europa zählen Viren zu den häufigsten Verursachern einer Myokarditis. Im Unterschied zur Perikarditis ist die Symptomatik der Myokarditis oft uncharakteristisch und erfordert den Einsatz von Laboruntersuchungen. Die Abklärung der Virusätiologie begnügt sich meist mit dem Nachweis einer zeitgleich ablaufenden Infektionskrankheit (Plausibilitätsdiagnose). Zur direkten Virusdetektion ist die Entnahme einer Herzbiopsie erforderlich. An diesem Material kann das Virus mittels immunhistologischer und molekularbiologischer Methoden unter gleichzeitiger Beurteilung des inflammatorischen Prozesses nachgewiesen werden. Der Einsatz der verschiedenen Untersuchungsmethoden richtet sich nach dem Kosten-Nutzen-Verhältnis.
Die zukünftige Rolle des Krankenhauslabors / The future role of laboratory medicine in hospitals
Authors: Aufenanger Johannes , Schernikau Elke , Wieland Eberhard 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Obwohl die Kosten für die Labormedizin im Verhältnis zu den Gesamtausgaben im Gesundheitssystem verschwindend gering sind, führt der Kostendruck dazu, dass vor allem am Krankenhauslabor gespart wird. Lediglich 7,3% der Krankenhäuser in Deutschland haben eine fachärztliche Leitung des Labors. Um diese Entwicklung aufzuhalten, muss sich das Krankenhauslabor vom Cost-Center zum Kompetenz- und Profit-Center wandeln. Dazu gehört, den Mehrwert des Krankenhauslabors und seine Stellung in der Wertschöpfungskette des Gesamtunternehmens Krankenhaus besser darzustellen und zur Geltung zu bringen. Das Krankenhauslabor muss zum Workflow-Management-System werden. Besonders am Beispiel der Mikrobiologie lassen sich die Vorteile eines Labors vor Ort im Krankenhaus auch ökonomisch darstellen. Die Kompetenz des Krankenhauslabors und seines Fachpersonals muss den medizinischen Disziplinen im Krankenhaus rund um die Uhr zur Verfügung gestellt werden. In Zukunft wird es aber auch darauf ankommen, die Kompetenz der Krankenhauslabormedizin über die Grenzen des stationären und ambulanten Sektors hinaus in Netzwerkstrukturen regional nach außen anzubieten.
Prozessorientiertes Labormanagement im Krankenhauslabor: Lean und Six-Sigma / Process oriented management of the hospital laboratory: Lean and Six sigma
Authors: Mayer Horst , Nordmann Stephan , Plecko Thomas , Wieland Eberhard 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Im Krankenhauslabor können Prozesse durch Anwendung von Lean- und Six-Sigma-Prinzipien verbessert werden. Voraussetzung dafür ist eine prozessorientierte Betrachtungsweise und eine Analyse der laborinternen Prozesse im Zusammenhang mit Prozessen außerhalb des Labors. Merkmale einer Lean-Production sind hierbei die Kundenorientierung bei der Beurteilung der Produktqualität und des Produktwertes, die Vermeidung von Verschwendung, die Abstimmung der einzelnen Prozessschritte aufeinander für einen kontinuierlichen Arbeitsfluss mit geringer Variabilität. In Ergänzung zu Lean führt Six-Sigma statistische Verfahren zur Fehlererfassung und Fehlerreduktion und ein streng strukturiertes Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Qualitätsverbesserung ein. An mehreren Beispielen wird gezeigt, dass die Anwendung von Lean- und Six-Sigma-Prinzipien im Krankenhauslabor eine deutliche Verbesserung der Prozesse und gleichzeitig eine Kosteneinsparung bewirkt.
Thrombozytenhemmende Therapie in der Kardiologie: aktuelle Entwicklungen bei Therapie und Monitoring / Antiplatelet drugs in cardiology: current trends in therapy and monitoring
Authors: Orth Matthias , Rosler Alexander Eduard 
Published: September 2010

Zusammenfassung
Eine antithrombotische Therapie mit einem P2Y12-Inhibitor in Kombination mit Acetylsalicylsäure ist die Standardtherapie bei Patienten mit akutem Koronarsyndrom oder nach koronarer Stentimplantation. Als P2Y12-Inhibitor wird vor allem Clopidogrel verwendet, seit Kurzem steht mit Prasugrel eine weitere Substanz zur Verfügung. Aufgrund der sehr unterschiedlichen interindividuellen Pharmakokinetik von Clopidogrel aufgrund genetischer Polymorphismen und der Interaktionen mit anderen Pharmaka ist die Therapieüberwachung komplex. Wegen der sehr häufigen Verordnung von Thrombozytenaggregationshemmern und der therapeutischen Konsequenzen sowohl bei einer Unterdosierung als auch bei einer Überdosierung ist eine Therapieoptimierung extrem wichtig. Mittels pharmakogenetischer Tests wie auch durch ein Monitoring der Thrombozytenfunktion kann eine Therapieoptimierung erreicht werden. Für das funktionelle Monitoring steht eine Reihe von Tests zur Verfügung, die sich stark vom Aufwand wie auch von den Ergebnissen unterscheiden. Von besonderem Interesse sind Tests, die als „Point-of-Care-Tests“ angeboten werden und so unmittelbar den Therapieerfolg überwachen sollen. Allerdings ist der Beweis des Nutzens dieser pharmakogenetischen und funktionellen Tests in prospektiven Studien noch nicht erbracht worden.
Reaction Times of Skiers and Snowboarders
Authors: Harley Erin M. , Scher Irving S. , Stepan Lenka , Young Douglas E. , Shealy Jasper 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Collisions with obstacles, such as trees, rocks, and other people, are a common occurrence in the sports of skiing and snowboarding. Once an obstacle becomes visible, whether or not the skier has time to avoid it is largely determined by that skier’s reaction time (RT)—the time it takes to detect and identify the obstacle, make a decision about how to respond, and initiate that response. Stopping and turning RTs were measured in ten expert skiers and four expert snowboarders at Mammoth Mountain, California. Participants were told to search for a sign along a closed intermediate course and to execute the instruction on the sign as quickly as possible. The sign was positioned such that it was not visible until participants crested a berm. Two high-speed video cameras captured the movements of each participant. RT was defined as the time between when the sign first came into view and when the skier or snowboarder initiated a response (the time of initial ski, snowboard, or body movement away from the original path or arc of the participant). The average RT for skiers and snowboarders was 856 and 1056 ms, respectively. No difference in RT was observed between stopping and turning responses. These data can be used to estimate the limits of performance for an attentive, experienced skier or snowboarder under good environmental conditions.
Drying Characteristics of Spray-Applied Cellulose Fiber Insulation
Authors: Pazera Marcin , Salonvaara Mikael 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Cellulose fiber insulation (CFI) can be installed as a loose-blown or spray-applied product. Spray-applied CFI is installed in a wet or damp form with water and sometimes adhesives used as bonding agents. The spray application leads to a more uniform and homogenous product with lower density in comparison to loose-blown insulation. It is self-supporting and does not need permanent retainers and can lead to cost savings for the installers. In new construction, spray-applied CFI is gaining acceptance and popularity in northern regions of the United States. Installations are performed year round even in cold regions of the country. Walls are often enclosed with interior finishes shortly following the installation of spray-applied CFI. It is commonly assumed that moisture contained in the CFI will dry out within a short period of time. Limited information exists in the public domain regarding the drying characteristics of walls with spray-applied CFI insulation and how proper drying rates can be achieved. The hygrothermal response of a typical residential wood-framed wall was investigated using combined numerical and empirical approaches. Hygrothermal computer model was employed to examine drying rates and residual moisture contents in the CFI and exterior sheathing. Laboratory tests were conducted to quantify and validate hygrothermal storage and transport properties of CFI. The results show slow drying rates for spray-applied CFI installed in cold weather. The drying period for CFI to reach moisture content levels safe for the installation of interior finishes can exceed the recommended 24–48 hr. In fact, the walls will not fully dry unless the relative humidity of the interior air is maintained below the critical limit, which is dependent on the outdoor temperature. The current practice of measuring the moisture content at the surface or at the center depth of the cavity is not representative of moisture contents at other locations and is a misleading indicator whether the insulation in its full depth is sufficiently dry for the installation of gypsum wallboard.
Book Reviews
Authors: Miles Ann 
Published: September 2010

Can't Do It In Europe, 2005. Film by Charlotta Copcutt, Anna Weitz and Anna Klara Åhrén. 46 min. Color. Distributed by First Run Icarus Films, 32 Court Street, 21st Floor, Brooklyn, NY 11201; Phone (718) 488–8900. http://www.frif.com.The Devil's Miner, 2005. film by Kief Davidson and Richard Ladkani. 82 min. Color. Distributed by First Run Icarus Films, 32 Court Street, 21st Floor, Brooklyn, NY 11201; Phone (718) 488–8900. http://www.frif.com.
Picturing Violence in Brazil: A Review Essay
Authors: Sheriff Robin E. 
Published: September 2010

Lucia: Testimonies of. Brazilian Drug Dealer's Woman. Robert Gay, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2005. 216 pp.Laughter Out of Place: Race, Class, Violence, and Sexuality in. Rio Shantytown. Donna Goldstein, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. 349 pp.After Life: An Ethnographic Novel. Tobias Hecht, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006. 183 pp.Cidade de Deus, 2002. film by Fernando Meirelles and Katia Lund. 130 min. Color. Distributed by Miramax International, 99 Hudson Street, New York, NY 10013. Phone (212) 219‐4100. http://www.cidadededeus.comFavela Rising, 2005. film by Jeff Zimbalist and Matt Mochary. 80 min. Color. Distributed by ThinkFilm, 23 East 22nd St, 5th Floor, New York, NY 10010. Fax (212) 444‐7901. http://www.thinkfilmcompany.com.
Magnitude and Trends in Abundance of Hatchery and Wild Pink Salmon, Chum Salmon, and Sockeye Salmon in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Ruggerone Gregory T. , Peterman Randall M. , Dorner Brigitte , Myers Katherine W. 
Published: September 2010

Abstract
Abundance estimates of wild and hatchery Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are important for evaluation of stock status and density-dependent interactions at sea. We assembled available salmon catch and spawning abundance data for both Asia and North America and reconstructed total abundances of pink salmon O. gorbuscha, chum salmon O. keta, and sockeye salmon O. nerka during 1952–2005. Abundance trends were evaluated with respect to species, regional stock groups, and climatic regimes. Wild adult pink salmon were the most numerous salmon species (average = 268 × 106 fish/year, or 70% of the total abundance of the three species), followed by sockeye salmon (63 × 106 fish/year, or 17%) and chum salmon (48 × 106 fish/year, or 13%). After the 1976–1977 ocean regime shift, abundances of wild pink salmon and sockeye salmon increased by more than 65% on average, whereas abundance of wild chum salmon was lower in recent decades. Although wild salmon abundances in most regions of North America increased in the late 1970s, abundances in Asia typically did not increase until the 1990s. Annual releases of juvenile salmon from hatcheries increased rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s and reached approximately 4.5 × 109 juveniles/year during the 1990s and early 2000s. During 1990–2005, annual production of hatchery-origin adult salmon averaged 78 × 106 chum salmon, 54 × 106 pink salmon, and 3.2 × 106 sockeye salmon, or approximately 62, 13, and 4%, respectively, of the combined total wild and hatchery salmon abundance. The combined abundance of adult wild and hatchery salmon during 1990–2005 averaged 634 × 106 salmon/year (498 × 106 wild salmon/year), or approximately twice as many as during 1952–1975. The large and increasing abundances of hatchery salmon have important management implications in terms of density-dependent processes and conservation of wild salmon populations; management agencies should improve estimates of hatchery salmon abundance in harvests and on the spawning grounds.
Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate by Using Serum Cystatin C and Serum Creatinine Concentrations in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Beringer Paul M. , Owens Heather , Nguyen Albert , Mordwinkin Nick , Louie Stan , Mak May , Sattler Fred 
Published: September 2010

Study Objective. To compare the predictive performance of four equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) relative to the gold standard measurement, iothalamate clearance, in patients with human immuno‐deficiency virus (HIV) who have various degrees of kidney function.Design. Prospective, cross‐sectional analysis.Setting. General clinical research center.Patients. Twenty‐two adult (mean age 51 yrs) HIV‐positive patients with various degrees of stable kidney function and with lean body mass considered normal for a well‐nourished person.Intervention. Patients were administered a single dose of intravenous iothalamate 456 mg as a rapid infusion over 3 minutes, 1 hour after an oral fluid load of 600 ml of caffeine‐free, sugar‐free liquids.Measurements and Main Results. Serial blood and urine samples were obtained for determination of measured GFR. Estimated GFR values were calculated by using four equations: the Cockcroft‐Gault equation, the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study (MDRD) equation, an equation that incorporates serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations, and an equation incorporating only serum cystatin C concentration. The predictive performance of the equations was determined by comparing the bias, accuracy, and precision of the estimates with the measured values. Body composition was determined by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. The four predictive equations underestimated the measured GFR obtained by the iothalamate method, but the differences were not statistically significant. The MDRD equation and the equation that included both serum cystatin C and creatinine concentrations, as well as age, sex, and race, provided the least bias, most precision, and best accuracy in estimating the measured GFR.Conclusion. The MDRD equation and the equation that included both serum cystatin C and creatinine concentrations appear to provide accurate, precise, and relatively unbiased estimates of GFR in patients with HIV Larger studies are needed that include patients with muscle wasting and lipodystrophy in order to validate these preliminary observations and the effects of body composition on the predictability of GFR with use of these equations.