bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEW SPECIES OF PALMANURA (COLLEMBOLA: NEANURIDAE) FROM MEXICO AND GUATEMALA
Authors: Palacios-Vargas José G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractNine new species and one subspecies of Palmanura from Mexico and Guatemala are described and illustrated: P. matildae, P. lindquisti, P. schusteri, P. lacandonicus, P. curta, P. pascuali, P. wilsoni, P. normae, P. colotlipa, and P. mirabilis longa. Besides the new taxa, new records and a key for the 12 known species of the genus are given. A brief discussion on the distribution and evolution of this and related genera is included.
ARTHROPODS ASSOCIATED WITH A MANZANITA GALL INDUCED BY THE APHIDTAMALIA COWENI(COCKERELL) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Valenti Michael A. , Berryman Alan A. , Ferrell George T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractGalls induced by the aphidTamalia coweni(Cockerell) were sampled from greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patulaE. Greene) in Shasta County, California. Thirty galls from each of four sites were collected over a 5-year period (1990–1994) at roughly weekly intervals (N= 5010). The contents of each gall were examined and recorded. ExcludingT.coweni, 25 taxa were encountered representing eight arthropod orders: Acari, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera. All play a minor role in the gall community with the exception of two species of Diptera. The data suggest thatLeucopissp. andHeringiasp. are obligatory predators ofT.coweniand coexist by partitioning the aphid resource with different exploitation strategies.Heringiasp. has a relatively low infestation rate (10.8%) but is a superior competitor.Leucopissp. compensates for its inability to compete effectively withHeringiasp. by maintaining a higher infestation rate (41.4%).
DIFFÉRENCES ENZYMATIQUES ET ÉCOPHYSIOLOGIQUES ENTRE POPULATIONS DESESAMIA NONAGRIOÏDESLEFÈBRE (LÉPIDOPTÈRE: NOCTUIDAE) ORIGINAIRES DE L’OUEST DU BASSIN MÉDITÉRRANÉEN
Authors: Buès Robert , Eizaguirre M. , Toubon J.F. , Albages R. 
Published: November 2009

RésuméLes analyses enzymatiques de 12 loci, effectuées sur neuf échantillons de populations, prélevés au Maroc, au nord de l’Espagne et dans le sud de la France, font apparaître une hétérogénéité génétique (Fst = 0,0592, Nm = 4 et un testGhautement significatif pour tous les loci polymorphes). Le phénogramme UPGMA, établi d’après les distances génétiques, permet de distinguer deux groupes de populations. Les résultats de l’étude parallèle conduite sur des caractères écophysiologiques (seuils photopériodiques d’induction de la diapause, durée de développement et nombre de stades larvaires à 25°C, différentes photopériodes) de quatre populations, prélevées en France et en Espagne, coïncident en partie avec ceux de l’analyse enzymatique. Si l’on exclue le Maroc, les populations de France et d’Espagne se répartissent en deux groupes, situés soit à l’est soit à l’ouest de la chaine Pyrénéenne. Malgré le caractère sédentaire de l’espèce et la présence de la barrière géographique que constituent les Pyrénées, il est probable qu’il existe un flux génique aux extrémités de la chaine de montagnes, facilité par des courants aériens le long des côtes de l’Atlantique ou de la Méditerranée. D’autre part, malgré une diapause au stade larvaire, la forte mortalité observée dans certaines sous-populations après des hivers rigoureux pourrait également contribuer à la différenciation génétique à partir des populations résiduelles survivantes.
LIFE CYCLE OF LAMBDINA ATHASARIA (WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) DEVELOPING ON HEMLOCK IN CONNECTICUT
Authors: Maier Chris T. , Lemmon Carol R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDuring 1992 and 1993, we studied the life cycle of Lambdina athasaria (Walker) developing on eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, in Connecticut. The geometrid was univoltine, overwintering as a pupa. Adults emerged during 4 weeks in May and June after hemlock budbreak. Males emerged significantly earlier than females, and both sexes emerged earlier in 1993 than in 1992. Males flew for 4–5 weeks annually. Based on measurements of head capsule width, larvae had five or six instars, which fed from June to October. Early instars ate new growth, and older ones fed on old growth. Until mid-August, larval development was more advanced in 1993 than in 1992. Larvae descended from trees in September and October to pupate in the duff beneath trees. Lambdina athasaria can be distinguished from congeneric species that feed on conifers by its overwintering stage, flight period, larval size, and host.
TWO NEW SPECIES IN THE GENUS DIAPHEROMERA (PHASMATOPTERA: NECROSCIOIDEA: HETERONEMIIDAE: HETERONEMIINAE) FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO
Authors: Vickery Vernon R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractTwo new species of Diapheromera, D. kevani and D. petita, are described from Mexico, the first record of these species and of the genus from Baja California. They were found while studying the stick insects (Phasmatoptera) of the Baja California Peninsula.
LABORATORY STUDIES OF PREDATION OF GRASSHOPPER EGGS, MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS (SAY), BY ADULTS OF TWO SPECIES OF PTEROSTICHUS BONELLI (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Songa J.M. , Holliday N.J. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIn two-choice laboratory feeding trials in Petri dishes, adult carabid beetles, Pterostichus corvus (Leconte) and Pterostichus femoralis (Kirby), ate a higher percentage of grasshopper eggs, Melanoplus bivittatus (Say), than of cat food. Pterostichus corvus ate more eggs than did P. femoralis. Grasshopper eggs buried in soil in terraria were eaten by P. corvus adults at more than twice the rate of eggs exposed on the soil surface; predation rates at depths of 2.5 and 5 cm were the same. In plant-propagation trays, predation by P. corvus of buried grasshopper eggs was studied under three types of ground cover: Nicotiana seedlings, with rosette-form growth habit; barley seedlings, which exhibited upright growth; and bare ground. A significantly higher percentage of eggs was eaten under the Nicotiana than beneath the other types of ground cover, and predation rates did not differ between the barley and bare-ground treatments. Pterostichus corvus appears to be a suitable candidate for enhancement of natural biological control of grasshopper eggs, and manipulation of vegetation cover in grasshopper egg beds may be an effective technique for enhancing predation rates.
A COMPARISON OF THREE METHODS OF MONITORING THE CARROT WEEVIL, LISTRONOTUS OREGONENSIS (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE)
Authors: Stevenson A.B. , Barszcz E.S. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis (LeConte), was monitored at 11 research or commercial carrot plantings at Holland Marsh, Kettleby, Ontario, using three methods, i.e. wooden plate (Boivin) traps to capture adults, carrot root sections placed in the soil to detect oviposition, and recording the numbers of adults present on carrot root sections. All three methods provided similar records of the seasonal pattern of adult activity. At most sites, thresholds used to determine the need for insecticide applications were reached or exceeded soon after the beginning of monitoring.There were significant linear relationships among the seasonal activity parameters generated by the three methods and between those parameters and percentage injury at harvest. Control programs that would have resulted from the use of each method are discussed.
LARVAE AND ADULTS OFAMELETUS MAYFLIES(EPHEMEROPTERA: AMELETIDAE) FROM ALBERTA
Authors: Zloty Jacek , Pritchard Gordon 
Published: November 2009

AbstractMayflies of the genusAmeletus(Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) occur in practically every drainage of western Alberta and in the Cypress Hills, from headwater spring brooks to larger rivers. The genus is speciose and reaches its greatest diversity in the southwestern part of the province where as many as 12 species can occur at a single site. Of the 30 bisexual species currently recognized from North America, 13 have been collected from Alberta (A.bellulus,A.celer,A.cooki,A.majusculus,A.oregonensis,A.pritchardi,A.similior,A.sparsatus,A.subnotatus,A.suffusus,A.validus,A.velox, andA.vernalis), and another,A.inopinatus, is assumed to occur in the northern part of the province. Male adults of all North American species were described previously by Zloty (1996,The Canadian Entomologist128:293–346). In the current paper, we describe late-instar larvae and adult females of all 14 Albertan species, and provide species distributions and keys for identification of male and female adults and larvae. All diagnostic taxonomic characters are described and illustrated. The identification keys can also be used in Saskatchewan, eastern British Columbia, Montana, and the northern parts of Idaho and Washington.
ORIENTATION OFCALOSOMA SYCOPHANTAL. (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) IN FORESTS: INSIGHTS FROM VISUAL RESPONSES TO OBJECTS
Authors: Weseloh Ronald M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractVisual responses of adults ofCalosoma sycophantaL., which are predators of the gypsy moth,Lymantria disparL. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), were investigated in laboratory arenas. Beetles moved toward dark cylinders significantly faster than to light ones when the background was white, but no differently when the background was black. Thus,C.sycophantaappears to respond most readily to dark objects, and this response is only slightly modified by contrast with the background. Beetles move toward large-diameter black cylinders more readily than toward small-diameter ones, but object height and shape do not appear to be important characteristics. The visual responses ofC.sycophantawould tend to orient adults toward the base of trees in a forest. Because beetles prey on gypsy moth larvae in trees, this orientation serves to position them where they can most readily find hosts, or perhaps to guide them to objects under which to hide.
PALAEOLEPTOCHROMUS SCHAUFUSSI(GEN.NOV., SP.NOV.), A NEW ANTLIKE STONE BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: SCYDMAENIDAE) FROM CANADIAN CRETACEOUS AMBER
Authors: O’Keefe Sean , Pike Ted , Poinar George 
Published: November 2009

AbstractPalaeoleptochromus schaufussi(gen.nov., sp.nov.) is the first antlike stone beetle (Coleoptera: Scydmaenidae) to be described from Cretaceous amber. The piece of amber containing this specimen was collected in an area near Grassy Lake, Alberta, Canada, and is dated 79 million years old. This new genus is placed within the Mastiginae and is most likely the sister taxon to the recent Neotropical genusLeptochromusMotschulsky.
FIRST RECORD OF A BIG-HEADED FLY,EUDORYLAS ALTERNATUS(CRESSON) (DIPTERA: PIPUNCULIDAE), REARED FROM THE SUBFAMILY CICADELLINAE (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE), WITH AN OVERVIEW OF PIPUNCULID–HOST ASSOCIATIONS IN THE NEARCTIC REGION
Authors: Skevington Jeff , Marshall S.A. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractEudorylas alternatus(Cresson) is recorded as a parasitoid ofCuerna striata(Walker) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae, Cicadellinae), providing the first known example of a big-headed fly parasitizing a cicadelline. Rearing methods and parasitism rates are discussed, and a summary of known Nearctic pipunculid–host associations is presented along with an overview of big-headed fly natural history.
TAXONOMIC REVISION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENUS OREODYTES SEIDLITZ (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE: HYDROPORINAE) BASED ON LARVAL MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Alarie Yves 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe larval morphology of the dytiscid genus Oreodytes Seidlitz was investigated through a detailed analysis of 16 Nearctic and two Palearctic species. Many structural features, especially those of chaetotaxy and porotaxy of head capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi, were found to be useful for taxonomic and phylogenetic comparisons. Within the tribe Hydroporini, it is proposed that Oreodytes shares a monophyletic origin with the genera Deronectes Sharp, Scarodytes Gozis, Nebrioporus Régimbart, and Stictotarsus Zimmermann. A tentative phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Oreodytes, based on 29 larval characteristics, is provided. The classification of members of Oreodytes indicated by larvae is shown to be only partly reconcilable with the one indicated by adults. Once subdivided into three species-groups, Oreodytes now comprises four species-groups: the O. picturatus, O. obesus, O. scitulus, and O. quadrimaculatus species-groups. Oreodytes quadrimaculatus was found to share a monophyletic origin with the members of the O. picturatus and O. scitulus species-groups. The taxonomic status of the genus-name Neonectes J. Balfour-Browne is reconsidered as the larvae of N. natrix (Sharp) and N. babai Satô are revealed to be most similar morphologically to members of the O. scitulus species-group.
ANTIBIOSIS OF PREFERRED AND NON-PREFERRED HOST-PLANTS FOR THE FLEA BEETLE, PHYLLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (GOEZE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Palaniswamy P. , Lamb R.J. , Bodnaryk R.P. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe antibiosis of crucifers to flea beetles, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), was compared for Brassica juncea L., B. napus L., and B. rapa L. with low antixenosis, B. carinata L. and Sinapis alba L. with moderate antixenosis, and Thlaspi arvense L. with high antixenosis. Adult flea beetles collected from the field in early spring fed actively on intact or excised leaves of all plants except T. arvense. The beetles survived, and gained weight and fat on the Brassica species and S. alba, but not on intact foliage of T. arvense. No antibiosis was detected in any of the Brassica species or in S. alba. Intact foliage of T. arvense was so antixenotic that beetles probably starved rather than suffered from antibiosis. A low level of antibiosis was detected in excised foliage of T. arvense where the antixenosis was lost. These experiments show that estimates of beetle survival, dry weight, and fat content can be used in the laboratory to test small numbers of candidate plants for antibiosis. However, the level of antibiosis appears to vary less among Brassica species and related plants than does the level of antixenosis, and so the latter is a more promising type of resistance for use against flea beetles in canola.
COLLEMBOLA (ARTHROPODA) OF BALSAM FIR [ABIES BALSAMEA(L.)] FORESTS OF WESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND
Authors: Puvanendran D.C. , Larson D.J. , Thompson I.D. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe Collembola of commercial balsam fir [Abies balsamea(L.)] forests of western Newfoundland were surveyed through Berlese funnel extraction of samples taken from soil and various forest microhabitats and through pit-fall trapping. A total of 64 species representing 30 genera was collected. Twenty-three genera and 47 species are new records for the Island of Newfoundland; eight additional species were identified to genus level only. For each species, the abundance in soil samples and distribution among microhabitats are described. The fauna of Newfoundland is about equivalent in species richness to that of Quebec and almost twice as rich as the recorded fauna of the Maritime Provinces. Few species are common to the three areas. However, this probably reflects the general paucity of knowledge of Canadian Collembola rather than indicating strong regional patterns in faunal composition.
THE SEMIAQUATIC GENUS TEGEOCRANELLUS (ACARI: ORIBATIDA: AMERONOTHROIDEA) OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
Authors: Behan-Pelletier Valerie M. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpecies of the oribatid mite genus Tegeocranellus from North and Central America are discussed, and immatures are described for the first time. Six new species are described and keyed: Tegeocranellus alas from Costa Rica, T. barbarae from Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida, T. kethleyi from Alabama and Mississippi, T. mississippii from Louisiana and Texas, T. muscorum known from Ontario to Florida, and T. mediolamellatus from Guatemala. Descriptions of T. alas, T. barbarae, T. mediolamellatus, and T. muscorum are based on adults and immatures, and those of the other two species on adults only. I expand the generic diagnosis to include information on the apheredermous, plicate immatures, and present a character analysis hypothesizing that the monogeneric family Tegeocranellidae is a member of the Ameronothroidea, closely related to Selenoribatidae and Fortuyniidae.
FORUM: THE ARBOREAL SUPERHIGHWAY: ARTHROPODS AND LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS
Authors: Winchester Neville N. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSpecies richness of arthropods in northern temperate coastal rain forests far exceeds previous estimates, and the functional significance that these species play in ecosytem processes remains largely unknown. Examination of several species, many of which are not yet described, indicates that these intact ancient rain forests are structurally complex and act as reservoirs for biological diversity. Forest harvesting and resulting fragmentation affects arthropod diversity by altering key patterns of natural processes which are inseparably linked to habitat diversity. Consequences for arthropods may vary but those species which are endemic or inseparably linked to habitat features found only in these forests are particularly vulnerable to fragmentation-induced changes. Several important questions arise. What are the implications of forest fragmentation on ecological processes? What role does dispersal play in arthropod population viability? Given the immense biodiversity of arthropods, what are the functional roles that the species play in these forests and how are these changed when forests are harvested? The lack of empirical evidence makes it difficult to answer these questions and to quantify the functional roles of arthropods in these ecosystems.To address these questions, I suggest that studies should not rely on single-species approaches and the measurement of diversity (i.e. species richness and abundance) but should focus on addressing the functional roles of forest arthropods. To move beyond the basic description of pattern I suggest that studies concentrate on describing species assemblages while including dynamic processes such as dispersal into the framework of how we think about arthropods in ancient forests. The use of feeding guilds in the development of predictive models may give us an understanding of these factors and provide information that could be used to examine functional patterns in community structure.
REDUCTION IN PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) OVIPOSITION AND FEEDING BY FOLIAR APPLICATION OF VARIOUS MATERIALS
Authors: Weissling Thomas J. , Lewis Tamera M. , McDonough Les M. , Horton David R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractSeveral horticultural oils, an insecticidal soap, neem, garlic extract, a sugar ester, and a synthetic insect growth regulator were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their ability to inhibit pear psylla’s [Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster)] feeding and oviposition. Supreme oil significantly reduced winterform oviposition rates in both choice and no-choice assays and reduced feeding rates in no-choice assays. Supreme oil also reduced oviposition rates of summerform females in choice tests but not in no-choice tests. In addition, summerform oviposition rates were reduced significantly by application of several mineral oils (Orchex 796E, 692, and WS2928) and garlic barrier to pear foliage in no-choice tests, and by all oils, garlic barrier, and M-Pede in choice tests. Summerform feeding rates were reduced by application of mineral oils. Data suggest that "summer type" oils and other compounds may have utility in pear psylla management programs by decreasing feeding and oviposition.
QUEEN REARING BY HIGH AND LOW QUEEN MANDIBULAR PHEROMONE RESPONDING WORKER HONEY BEES (APIS MELLIFERA L.)
Authors: Pankiw T. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractStrains of workers that were high or low in their retinue attraction response to queen mandibular pheromone (QMP) in a laboratory bioassay were fostered in queenless colonies to measure their differential queen-rearing behaviors. High-strain workers spent proportionately more time working on and in queen cells than low-strain workers, and there were significant age by strain effects for time spent rearing queen cells. No interindividual differences were detected among the strains in the tendency to rear queens. Results from this experiment suggest that QMP retinue attraction response may be a mechanism upon which selection acts for division of queen-rearing labor.
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF ROOT-FEEDING MACROARTHROPODS IN A SUBALPINE GRASSLAND ASSOCIATED WITH PINE FOREST IN MEXICO
Authors: Morón-Ríos A. , Jaramillo V.J. , Dirzo R. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBelow-ground herbivores have been poorly studied regardless of their importance for the establishment and composition of plant communities. In a subalpine grassland associated with a 3200-m-elevation pine forest in central Mexico, the composition and vertical and horizontal distribution of the macroarthropod root-feeding community was studied for 14 months. The root-feeding community included six species of Coleoptera and one species of Diptera. The dominant species werePhyllophagaspp. (subgenusPhytallus, "macrophylla" group) andTrachyploeomimusaff.spurcusChampion. Mean density and biomass of this community were 101 individuals and 3 g per square metre, respectively. These values were low when compared with those reported for other communities. Species were most abundant in the first 10 cm of the soil all year around. Dominant species showed a clumped horizontal distribution most of the year.
ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE YEW BIG BUD MITE,CECIDOPHYOPSIS PSILASPIS(NALEPA), IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Mitchell A.K. , Duncan R.W. , Bown T.A. , Marshall V.G. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThe distribution of the yew big bud mite,Cecidophyopsis psilaspis(Nalepa), a pest causing severe damage to Pacific yew,Taxus brevifoliaNutt., was determined within British Columbia. From 1992 to 1994, vegetative and reproductive buds on branch samples collected from 38 interior and 43 coastal populations of Pacific yew were examined for the occurrence of the mite. Mite damage was characterized by marked swelling and browning of both vegetative and reproductive buds. Interior Pacific yew populations were found to be mite free, whereas coastal yew populations were mite infested, except at three high-elevation (>700 m) coastal locations which were apparently mite free. At three other sites, individual trees without symptoms of mite attack did harbour low-density, nondamaging mite populations. The hypothesis that this mite is indigenous is less supported than the hypothesis that it was introduced to British Columbia on English yew,Taxus baccataL., and is limited to its present distribution by climatic and mountain barriers.