Abstract 4324: Establishing a high-resolution in vivo imaging technique for examining the dynamic contribution of bone marrow derived progenitor cells to intracranial tumor vasculature
Authors: Burrell Kelly , Leung Michael , Guha Abhijit , Hill Richard , DaCosta Ralph , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: February 2011

Abstract
Introduction: Recent data suggests that tumor vascularization can occur by differentiation of bone marrow derived progenitor cells (BMDCs) into new vessels. However the precise mechanisms by which this process occurs remains controversial and to date very few studies have examined the contribution of BMDC to brain tumor vascularity. One of the challenges in studying vascular biology, and more so intracranial vascular biology, is the ability to study the temporal evolution and dynamic progression of vessel formation in response to oncogenic signals and stressors. We present a strategy that couples two-photon excitation laser microscopy (2PLM) with glioma xenograft models generated in an intracranial window chamber (ICW), in order to obtain high resolution (e.g. single cell) longitudinal real-time imaging of BMDC and examine their homing, differentiation and integration into intracranial tumor vasculature.
Methodology: Animal Models: Bone Marrow (BM) of NOD/SCID mice were stably reconstituted with BM harvested from green-fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice. Briefly, NOD/SCID mice received total body irradiation at 3Gy followed by tail vein injection of harvested GFP+BM. Brain tumor xenografts in an ICW were generated in these chimera mice using U87 glioma cells engineered to stably express mCherry fluorochrome. Intracranial glioma xenograft in ICW: Intracranial window chambers were generated using a 2.7mm trephine drill to remove the skull overlying the right frontal cortex, leaving the dura intact. 4×10E5 U87-mCherry cells were injected at a 3mm cortical depth in the centre of the window. The window was covered with a coverslip sealed in place with dental acrylic. In vivo Imaging - 2PLM: Mice were anesthetized and imaged in an inverted position. Mice were imaged over a longitudinal period, d1-35, post cell transplantation.
Results: We have successfully imaged 40 mice using intracranial glioma xenograft in ICW model coupled with 2PLM. We obtained longitudinal imaging up to 5 weeks following glioma cell implantation with no evidence of intracranial infection, inflammation or damage to the window model. High-resolution images of tumor cells, tumor vasculature and single cell resolution of the GFP+BM cells can be obtained. We can visualize tumor mass upto a 4mm depth from the cortical surface as confirmed by histological sections. The dynamic flow of GFP+BM within tumor vasculature can be visualized and quantified in 3D. Longitudinal differentiation of BMDCs can be traced by following their migration and integration into the glioma tumor microenvironment over time.
Conclusion: We introduce a non-invasive and reproducible strategy for examining brain tumor microenvironment, its vascular progression and more precisely understanding at a single-cell level the contribution of BMDC brain tumor vascularity.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4324.