bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term metabolic outcome and quality of life after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired fasting glucose
Authors: Caiazzo R , Arnalsteen L , Pigeyre M , Dezfoulian G , Verkindt H , Kirkby-Bott J , Mathurin P , Fontaine P , Romon M , Pattou F 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
The long-term outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is unknown.

Methods
A longitudinal cohort study was undertaken of patients with grade 3 obesity and type 2 diabetes or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) undergoing LAGB. Metabolic outcomes and quality of life (QoL) were assessed before and 5 years after LAGB.

Results
At 5 years, data for 22 out of 23 patients with type 2 diabetes and 51 out of 53 with IFG were available. Mean(s.d.) excess weight loss was 41(25) and 41(27) per cent in patients with type 2 diabetes and IFG respectively, and was associated with a significant decrease in haemoglobin (Hb) A1c, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels, and in liver steatosis. There were significant increases in insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, disposition index, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and QoL (Nottingham Health Profile). Good metabolic control (HbA1c 7 per cent or less) was obtained in 13 diabetic patients, but complete diabetes remission was maintained in only four. Longer duration of diabetes, and poor preoperative glucose control and β-cell function at baseline were associated with a less favourable outcome.

Conclusion
LAGB improved metabolic outcomes and QoL in patients with grade 3 obesity with IFG or type 2 diabetes but rarely led to prolonged remission in long-standing diabetes.
Endoglin negatively regulates transforming growth factor β1-induced profibrotic responses in intestinal fibroblasts
Authors: Burke J P , Watson R W G , Mulsow J J , Docherty N G , Coffey J C , O'Connell P R 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundFibroblasts isolated from strictures in Crohn's disease (CD) exhibit reduced responsiveness to stimulation with transforming growth factor (TGF) β1. TGF-β1, acting through the smad pathway, is critical to fibroblast-mediated intestinal fibrosis. The membrane glycoprotein, endoglin, is a negative regulator of TGF-β1.MethodsIntestinal fibroblasts were cultured from seromuscular biopsies of patients undergoing intestinal resection for CD strictures or from control patients. Endoglin expression was assessed using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and western blot. The effect of small interfering (si) RNA-mediated knockdown and plasmid-mediated overexpression of endoglin on fibroblast responsiveness to TGF-β1 was assessed by examining smad phosphorylation, smad binding element (SBE) promoter activity, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and ability to contract collagen.ResultsCrohn's stricture fibroblasts expressed increased constitutive cell-surface and whole-cell endoglin relative to control cells. Endoglin co-localized with filamentous actin. Fibroblasts treated with siRNA directed against endoglin exhibited enhanced TGF-β1-mediated smad-3 phosphorylation, and collagen contraction. Cells transfected with an endoglin plasmid did not respond to TGF-β1 by exhibiting SBE promoter activity or producing CTGF.ConclusionFibroblasts from strictures in CD express increased constitutive endoglin. Endoglin is a negative regulator of TGF-β1 signalling in the intestinal fibroblast, modulating smad-3 phosphorylation, SBE promoter activity, CTGF production and collagen contraction.
Tumour growth following portal branch ligation in an experimental model of liver metastases
Authors: Kollmar O , Corsten M , Scheuer C , Vollmar B , Schilling M K , Menger M D 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Portal branch ligation (PBL) is being used increasingly before hepatectomy for colorectal metastases. This study evaluated the effect of PBL on angiogenesis, growth factor expression and tumour growth in a mouse model of hepatic colorectal metastases.

Methods
CT26.WT cells were implanted into the left liver lobe of BALB/c mice. Animals underwent PBL of the left liver lobe or sham treatment. Angiogenesis, microcirculation, growth factor expression, cell proliferation and tumour growth were studied over 14 and 21 days by intravital multifluorescence microscopy, laser Doppler flowmetry, immunohistochemistry and western blotting.

Results
Left hilar blood flow and tumour microcirculation were significantly diminished during the first 7 days after PBL. This resulted in tumour volume being 20 per cent less than in sham controls by day 14. Subsequently, PBL-treated animals demonstrated recovery of left hilar blood flow and increased expression of hepatocyte growth factor and transforming growth factor α, associated with increased cell proliferation and acceleration of growth by day 21.

Conclusion
PBL initially reduced vascular perfusion and tumour growth, but this was followed by increased growth factor expression and cell proliferation. This resulted in delayed acceleration of tumour growth, which might explain the stimulated tumour growth observed occasionally after PBL.
Pain relief after Frey's procedure for chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Negi S , Singh A , Chaudhary A 
Published: April 2010

Abstract

Background
Few studies have addressed long-term pain relief after Frey's procedure (local head resection with lateral pancreaticojejunostomy, LR-LPJ) for chronic pancreatitis. This retrospective study evaluated pain control using a validated score and risk factors associated with failure to achieve complete pain relief following LR-LPJ.

Methods
Sixty of 134 patients with chronic pancreatitis underwent LR-LPJ and were evaluated prospectively using the Izbicki pain score before surgery, and 1, 2, 5 and 7 years later. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis and predictors of complete pain relief were identified by multivariable analysis.

Results
After a median follow-up of 6·4 years, the median pain score was reduced from 46·4 to 10·0 (P &lt; 0·001) with partial or complete pain relief in 75 per cent of patients, and a significant reduction in median number of episodes requiring hospitalization (from 4 to 0; P &lt; 0·001). Preoperative use of opiate medication (odds ratio (OR) 30·14; P = 0·015), continuous pattern of pain (OR 22·65; P = 0·025) and occurrence of postoperative complications (OR 10·52; P = 0·030) were significant predictors of failure to achieve complete pain relief after surgery.

Conclusion
Frey's procedure leads to significant and sustained long-term pain relief in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Patients should be referred for surgery before opiates are needed to relieve pain.
Economic evaluation of erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for anemia related to cancer
Authors: Klarenbach Scott , Manns Braden , Reiman Tony , Reaume Martin Neil , Lee Helen , Lloyd Anita , Wiebe Natasha , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Tonelli Marcello 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESA) administered to cancer patients with anemia reduce the need for blood transfusions and improve quality‐of‐life (QOL). Concerns about toxicity have led to more restrictive recommendations for ESA use; however, the incremental costs and benefits of such a strategy are unknown.METHODS:The authors created a decision model to examine the costs and consequences of ESA use in patients with anemia and cancer from the perspective of the Canadian public healthcare system. Model inputs were informed by a recent systematic review. Extensive sensitivity analyses and scenario analysis rigorously assessed QOL benefits and more conservative ESA administration practices (initial hemoglobin [Hb] <10 g/dL, target Hb ≤12 g/dL, and chemotherapy induced anemia only).RESULTS:Compared with supportive transfusions only, conventional ESA treatment was associated with an incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained of $267,000 during a 15‐week time frame. During a 1.3‐year time horizon, ESA was associated with higher costs and worse clinical outcomes. In scenarios where multiple assumptions regarding QOL all favored ESA, the lowest incremental cost per QALY gained was $126,000. Analyses simulating the use of ESA in accordance with recently issued guidelines resulted in incremental cost per QALY gained of >$100,000 or ESA being dominated (greater costs with lower benefit) in the majority of the scenarios, although greater variability in the cost‐utility ratio was present.CONCLUSIONS:Use of ESA for anemia related to cancer is associated with incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios that are not economically attractive, even when used in a conservative fashion recommended by current guidelines. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Comparison of classification systems in melanoma sentinel lymph nodes—An analysis of 697 patients from a single center
Authors: Meier Andre , Satzger Imke , Völker Bernward , Kapp Alexander , Gutzmer Ralf 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:In melanoma, different classification systems have been proposed that predict overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) based on findings in the sentinel lymph node (SLN). The authors of this report compared the RFS and OS of 697 melanoma patients as predicted by various classification systems.METHODS:The Rotterdam system (based on the greatest dimension of the largest tumor cell deposit), the Augsburg S‐classification (based on tumor penetrative depth [TPD]), and the Hannover system (based on a combination of tumor load, TPD, and invasion of the capsule) were studied in 697 consecutive melanoma patients who underwent SLN biopsy at the authors' center.RESULTS:In univariate analyses, the Rotterdam and Hannover systems (but not the S‐classification) identified 1 group of SLN‐positive patients that had OS and RFS similar to the OS and RFS of SLN‐negative patients. The intermediate groups from all classification systems did not differ significantly with regard to RFS and/or OS from the adjacent groups. In multivariate analysis using a Cox model, the greatest dimension of the largest tumor cell deposit (cutoff point, <0.1 mm vs ≥0.1 mm), the TPD (cutoff point, ≤2 mm vs >2 mm), and capsular involvement represented independent parameters for RFS; and TPD and capsular involvement also were independent parameters for OS. On the basis of these 3 parameters, a new scoring system for risk assessment in patients with melanoma is proposed that can distinguish 3 separate groups of patients that differed significantly in OS and RFS.CONCLUSIONS:Different parameters of independent prognostic significance were identified in SLNs from patients with melanoma. Combining these parameters, the prognosis of patients with melanoma was predicted more precisely by the new scoring system than by currently published classification systems. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic factors of survival in the trastuzumab era among women with breast cancer and brain metastases who receive whole brain radiotherapy
Authors: Dawood Shaheenah , Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M. , Albarracin Constance , Yu Tse Kuan , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Buchholz Thomas A. , Woodward Wendy A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:The objective of this study was to review the outcome of women with breast cancer with known receptor status who were treated with whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastases and to determine factors that impact survival.METHODS:A total of 223 women with breast cancer and brain metastases, who received whole brain radiotherapy, were identified. All women with HER‐2–positive disease had received trastuzumab. Kaplan‐Meier product limit method was used to determine overall survival (OS) estimates. Cox proportional hazards models were then fitted to explore the association of OS with various patient and tumor characteristics.RESULTS:Median age at brain metastases diagnosis was 50 years. Sixty‐seven (30.2%) patients had hormone receptor‐positive/HER‐2–negative disease, 101 (45.50%) had HER‐2–positive disease, and 54 (24.3%) had triple receptor‐negative disease. Median OS from brain metastases was 6 months, with 1‐year survival of 30% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%‐36%). Women with hormone receptor‐positive/HER‐2–negative, HER‐2–positive, and triple‐negative tumors had median survivals of 5, 9, and 5 months, respectively (P = .0069). In the multivariate model, women with HER‐2–positive disease had a significantly decreased risk of death compared with women with hormone receptor‐positive/HER‐2–negative disease (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95%CI, 0.42‐0.94; P = .02). The risk of death among women with triple‐negative disease compared with hormone receptor‐positive/HER‐2–negative disease was not significantly different (P = .54). Lower recursive partitioning analysis class and ≥30‐gray brain radiation dose were also significantly associated with a decreased risk of death.CONCLUSIONS:Breast tumor subtype has a significant prognostic role among women with breast cancer and brain metastases. In addition, in the trastuzumab era factors such as recursive partitioning analysis and adequate radiation dose continue to be important prognostic factors. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Radiofrequency field‐induced thermal cytotoxicity in cancer cells treated with fluorescent nanoparticles
Authors: Glazer Evan S. , Curley Steven A. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Nonionizing radiation, such as radiofrequency field and near infrared laser, induces thermal cytotoxicity in cancer cells treated with gold nanoparticles. Quantum dots are fluorescent semiconducting nanoparticles that were hypothesized to induce similar injury after radiofrequency field irradiation.METHODS:Gold nanoparticles and 2 types of quantum dot (cadmium‐selenide and indium‐gallium‐phosphide) conjugated to cetuximab (C225), a monoclonal antibody against human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐1, demonstrated concentration‐dependent heating in a radiofrequency field. The authors investigated the effect of radiofrequency field exposure after targeted nanoparticle treatment in a coculture of 2 human cancer cell lines that have differential EGFR‐1 expression (a high‐expressing pancreatic carcinoma, Panc‐1, and a low‐expressing breast carcinoma, Cama‐1).RESULTS:Radiofrequency revealed that Panc‐1 or Cama‐1 cells not containing gold nanoparticles or quantum dots had a viability of >92%. The viability of Panc‐1 cells exposed to the radiofrequency field after treatment with 50 nM Au‐C225 was 39.4% ± 8.3% without injury to bystander Cama‐1 cells (viability was 93.7% ± 1.0%; P ∼ .0006). Panc‐1 cells treated with targeted cadmium‐selenide quantum dots were only 47.5% viable after radiofrequency field exposure (P<.0001 compared with radiofrequency only Panc‐1 control cells). Targeted indium‐gallium‐phosphide quantum dots decreased Panc‐1 viability to 58.2% ± 3.4% after radiofrequency field exposure (P = ∼.0004 compared with Cama‐1 and Panc‐1 controls).CONCLUSIONS:The authors selectively induced radiofrequency field cytotoxicity in Panc‐1 cells without injury to bystander Cama‐1 cells using EGFR‐1–targeted nanoparticles, and demonstrated an interesting bifunctionality of fluorescent nanoparticles as agents for both cancer cell imaging and treatment. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Complex adaptive systems and game theory: An unlikely union
Authors: Hadzikadic Mirsad , Carmichael Ted , Curtin Charles 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA Complex Adaptive System is a collection of autonomous, heterogeneous agents, whose behavior is defined with a limited number of rules. A Game Theory is a mathematical construct that assumes a small number of rational players who have a limited number of actions or strategies available to them. The CAS method has the potential to alleviate some of the shortcomings of GT. On the other hand, CAS researchers are always looking for a realistic way to define interactions among agents. GT offers an attractive option for defining the rules of such interactions in a way that is both potentially consistent with observed real‐world behavior and subject to mathematical interpretation. This article reports on the results of an effort to build a CAS system that utilizes GT for determining the actions of individual agents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 16,24–42, 2010
Properties and industrial applications of sophorolipids
Authors: Develter Dirk W. G. , Lauryssen Luc M. L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSophorolipids are glycolipids that can be produced by bioconversion of native and renewable feedstocks such as rapeseed oil. These attractive surfactants combine green chemistry and a lower carbon footprint without the undesirable side products or environmental downsides associated with many market reference surfactants. Sophorolipids are reported to be fully biodegradable and to have a low acute toxicity. This study demonstrates that they do not affect Daphnia reproduction, and that the chronic toxicity is an order of magnitude lower than that of reference surfactants, with a no‐observed‐effect concentration (NOEC) of 11.3 mg/L as compared to approximately 1 mg/L. Their minimum surface tension was found to be 32.1–34.2 mN/m depending on the method used. Sophorolipids are shown to be useful in hard surface cleaning and automatic dishwashing rinse aid formulations. This is attributed in part to their low foaming profile combined with their surface activity properties, which are of potential interest in additional applications. They combine an outstanding environmental profile with excellent performance, and are thus suitable for use in commercial household products.
On the production and identification of medium‐chained sophorolipids
Authors: Fleurackers Steve J. J. , Van Bogaert Inge N. A. , Develter Dirk 
Published: April 2010

AbstractSophorolipids are biologically produced surfactants that consist of a hydrophilic sophorose moiety bound to a hydroxylated lipophilic substrate. The highest levels of production are currently achieved using Candida bombicola ATCC 22214, an ascomycotous yeast, as the production organism. The lipophilic moiety is typically found to have a length between C16 and C18 and thus the applications of readily produced sophorolipids with regard to cleaning purposes are somewhat limited. Experiments were performed to evaluate the conditions under which a β‐oxidation deficient strain of C. bombicola is able to convert 1‐dodecanol into sophorolipids. Both shakeflask and bioreactor cultures yielded C12, or medium‐chained, sophorolipids and the effect of aeration on the production level was investigated and found to favour limited aeration. Analysis of the conversion products was performed through RP‐HPLC and the formation of new‐to‐nature sophorolipids was confirmed by MS. The use of the β‐oxidation deficient strain under limited aeration yielded at least 15 g/L of medium‐chained sophorolipids, which is more than in the wild‐type strain or when employing full aeration.
Palm‐based functional lipid nanodispersions: Preparation, characterization and stability evaluation
Authors: Cheong Jean Ne , Tan Chin Ping 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of high‐pressure homogenization conditions, namely pressure (20–80 MPa) and number of cycles (1–3 cycles), on the properties of palm‐based functional lipids. Nanodispersions prepared with palm‐based functional lipid and Tween 20 were characterized by monitoring their physicochemical and morphological properties. The results showed that high‐pressure homogenizer was an efficient emulsification technique producing small emulsion droplets with narrow size distribution. In general, the results showed that different homogenization conditions had significant (p < 0.05) effect on the size distribution of prepared nanodispersions. Average particles ranging from 95 to 130 nm and 140 to 210 nm were obtained for the nanoemulsions containing palm‐based tocopherol–tocotrienol and carotenoid, respectively. However, this study indicated that increasing the energy input beyond moderate pressures (20–80 MPa) and cycles (1–3) led to “over‐processing” of droplets. The nanodispersions proved to be physically stable and showed good stability during 12 weeks of storage.
Effectiveness of antioxidants in preventing oxidation of palm oil enriched with heme iron: A model for iron fortification in baked products
Authors: Aleman Mercedes , Nuchi Carla Daniela , Bou Ricard , Tres Alba , Polo Javier , Guardiola Francesc , Codony Rafael 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBakery products such as biscuits, cookies, and pastries represent a good medium for iron fortification in food products, since they are consumed by a large proportion of the population at risk of developing iron deficiency anemia, mainly children. The drawback, however, is that iron fortification can promote oxidation. To assess the extent of this, palm oil added with heme iron and different antioxidants was used as a model for evaluating the oxidative stability of some bakery products, such as baked goods containing chocolate. The palm oil samples were heated at 220°C for 10 min to mimic the conditions found during a typical baking processing. The selected antioxidants were a free radical scavenger (tocopherol extract (TE), 0 and 500 mg/kg), an oxygen scavenger (ascorbyl palmitate (AP), 0 and 500 mg/kg), and a chelating agent (citric acid (CA), 0 and 300 mg/kg). These antioxidants were combined using a factorial design and were compared to a control sample, which was not supplemented with antioxidants. Primary (peroxide value and lipid hydroperoxide content) and secondary oxidation parameters (p‐anisidine value, p‐AnV) were monitored over a period of 200 days in storage at room temperature. The combination of AP and CA was the most effective treatment in delaying the onset of oxidation. TE was not effective in preventing oxidation. The p‐AnV did not increase during the storage period, indicating that this oxidation marker was not suitable for monitoring oxidation in this model.
Effects of dietary glucosylceramide on dermatitis in atopic dermatitis model mice
Authors: Ono Jisaburo , Kinoshita Mikio , Aida Kazuhiko , Tamura Masahiko , Ohnishi Masao 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe effects of dietary plant and yeast cerebroside (glucosylceramide), a major sphingolipid in plants and yeast, on atopic dermatitis (AD) like symptoms were investigated in a mouse model. After 7 wk of feeding with a diet containing maize glucosylceramide, plasma IgE levels became significantly lower and in contrast, the levels of interleukin (IL)‐12, which induces cellular immunity, became significantly higher in the AD mice than in the controls. However, the sphingolipid constituents of the skin fraction in the maize glucosylceramide fed group did not contain sphingoid bases of plant origin, such as 8‐unsaturated sphingoid bases. The results of the present study indicated that dietary plant glucosylceramide prevented AD‐like symptoms in AD model mice via regulation of Th1/Th2 balance.Practical applications: Dietary plant and yeast glucosylceramides have been shown to suppress AD‐like symptoms in AD model mice via regulation of helper T‐cell Th1/Th2 balance. Glucosylceramide are capable of preventing AD and may be useful in skincare products.