bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Outcome of Transpedicular Fixation for Thoracic and Lumbar Tuberculous Spine Disease
Authors: Sultan Saad , Ibrahim  , Zaman Amer , Alam Junaid , Gul Fizza 
Published: May 2024

Objective: Pakistan stands sixth in countries, contributing 60% of new TB cases worldwide. TB can involve a wide variety of organs including the spine which at times need neurosurgical intervention. This study aims to determine the overall clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with dorsolumbar spine TB managed by posterior transpedicular screw fixation. The study focused to evaluate the outcome of transpedicular screws fixation for the thoracic and lumbar tuberculous spine.
Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 60 patients were observed. A complete history and systemic physical examination was done. Pre-operative anteroposterior and lateral view radiographs were taken to measure the height of the vertebral body, kyphotic angulation, and sagittal plane index. Short-segment transpedicular fixation was done under general anesthesia by consultant neurosurgeons. All patients were asked for follow-up after one month. Post-operative anteroposterior plus lateral view radiographs were done to measure the height of the vertebral body, kyphotic angulation, and sagittal index.
Results: In our study mean age was 47 years. 58%patients were males and 42% of patients were female. The mean postoperative vertebral height was 18.93 mm ± 1.17 and the mean postoperative Kyphotic angle was 9.68 degree ± 4.03º. The mean postoperative Sagittal index was 5.83 ± 4.55.
Conclusion: The outcome of transpedicular fixation of vertebral height was 18.93 mm ± 1.17, Kyphotic angle was 9.68 degree ± 4.03º) and Sagittal index was (5.83 ± 4.55) for thoracic & lumbar tuberculous spine.
Incidence of Motor Neuron Disease (MND) in Patients Diagnosed with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM)
Authors: Ahmed Sahibzada Haseeb , Khattak Nawaz , Jamal Muhammad Kashif 
Published: May 2024

Objective: Motor neuron disease (MND) can occur in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of motor neuron disease in individuals suffering from cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).
Materials & Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital. The patients(n = 70) included were between ages 55 to 75 with established clinical and radiological diagnoses of CSM. Motor neuron disease was diagnosed clinically by Awaji criteria. The patients were evaluated with NCS/EMG (Nerve Conduction Studies/Electromyography) and followed for 6 months. The motor neuron disease was confirmed by modified El Escorial criteria.
Results: 40 patients had bilateral upper limb weakness (57%), however, the rest of the 30 patients had unilateral upper extremity weakness (42.8%). Hoffman’s sign was positive in 60% of patients. Lhermitte's sign was also positive in 31% of patients. The majority of patients (55.7%) were found with grade 4 for deltoid followed by 51.4% patients for biceps brachii. MRI showed anterior cord compression at the level of C5 and C6 in 27.14% of patients and C6 C7 in 32.8% of patients. 15.7% of patients were suspected of having both CSM and MND.
Conclusion: CSM and MND can occur in the same patients. The incidence of MND is 5.7% in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, hence in CSM patients, workup must be done for MND as it affects the outcome of surgery in these patients.
Frequency of Deranged Lipid Profile in Patients with Stroke
Authors: Naseem Ur Rehman  , Muhammad Bilal  , Syed Ahmad Shah  , Muhammad Imran  , Adeela Masood  
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aims to find out the frequency of patients with strokes at Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar have abnormal lipid profiles.
Materials & Methods: The Department of Medicine at Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar conducted this cross-sectional, descriptive study. There were 96 patients in all, both genders, who presented with a stroke between the ages of 30 and 70. Individuals with CRF (chronic renal failure), CLD (chronic liver disease), or medications that reduce cholesterol were not included. Blood samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory to measure the lipid profile.
Results: In this study, the age range was 30 to 70 years old, with a mean age of 53 years. The majority of the patients (54.17%) ranged in age from 51 to 70. There were 58.33% males and 41.67% females. 40 (41.67%) stroke patients had a disordered lipid profile. Of the stroke patients, 41.67% had abnormal total cholesterol, 53.13% abnormal LDL cholesterol, 25.0% abnormal triglyceride levels, and 21.88% abnormal HDL cholesterol.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the frequency of dyslipidemia in stroke patients is very high. With this knowledge, specialized statin drugs could be created, leading to better disease control. Patients with ischemic stroke were more likely than those with hemorrhagic stroke to have abnormalities in their lipid levels.
Keywords: Stroke, Cholesterol level, Dyslipidaemia, Lipid Profile, Cerebrovascular Accidents.
Frequency of Intraventricular Haemorrhage (IVH) in Early Preterm Neonates Born at DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala
Authors: Azher Abbas Shah  , Saima Umar  , Aysha Ghayyur  , Muhammad Arsalan Cheema  , Zulfiqar Ali  , Saqib Meraj Aslam Bajwa  , Saman Shahid  , Syed Shahzad Hussain  
Published: May 2024

Objective: The reported frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm neonates varied greatly. We determined the frequency of IVH in premature neonates in the pediatric unit of DHQ Hospital Gujranwala.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 282 very low birth weight neonates (birth weight <1500 gm.) delivered very preterm (gestational age <32 weeks). These neonates were assessed for intraventricular hemorrhage which was diagnosed on cranial ultrasound performed on 3rd day of life. The frequency of IVH was compared across various attributing factors i.e., gestational age at delivery, gender, birth weight, mode of delivery, and maternal antenatal steroids.
Results: The mean gestational age at delivery was 27.5±2.3 weeks while the mean birth weight was 1120.5±190.2 grams. 172 (61.0%) neonates were delivered vaginally while C-section was performed in 110 (39.0%) cases. 263 (93.3%) mothers received antenatal steroids. Intraventricular hemorrhage was diagnosed in 64 (22.7%) early preterm neonates. The frequency of IVH increased significantly with increasing prematurity; 24-27 weeks vs. 28-31 weeks (28.9% vs. 17.0%; p-value=0.017), decreasing birth weight; <1 kg vs. ?1kg (31.8% vs. 18.6%; p-value=0.014) and lack of antenatal steroids (52.6% vs. 20.5%; p-value=0.001).
Conclusion: The intraventricular hemorrhage was observed in 22.7% of early preterm neonates which advocates routine screening of preterm neonates for IVH so that timely identification and anticipated management may improve the outcome of such neonates. We also identified increasing prematurity, decreasing birth weight, and lack of antenatal steroids as potential attributing factors that can be used for risk stratification and management planning of such cases.
A FORMULATION OF HAND BODY LOTIO FORMULATION OF HAND BODY LOTION EXTRACT ethanol from lily leaves (Crinum asiaticum L.) AS A SKIN MOISTURIZER
Authors: Barus Bunga Rimta 
Published: May 2024

Lily leaves (Crinum asiaticum L.) have bioactivity as antioxidants and contain chemical compounds such as glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. This study aims to formulate daffodil leaf extract into a hand body lotion dosage form and observe the effectiveness on volunteer skin for 4 weeks. This research was conducted experimentally. Samples were taken from daffodil leaves (Crinum asiaticum L.), then extracted by maceration with 96% ethanol and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The ethanol extract of daffodil leaves was formulated with concentrations of 5%, 8% and 11%. The preparation evaluation test includes homogeneity, organoleptic, pH, emulsion type, irritation test, and effectiveness test of the preparation to moisturize the skin. The results showed that the ethanol extract of daffodil leaves could be used to make homogeneous grated emulsion preparations which were stable during 4 weeks of storage, pH 7.52-7.25, oil-in-water emulsion type and did not disappear. Any hand cream product that contains narcissus leaf ethanol can increase skin moisture. The composition of the most effective hand and body cream in the treatment of dry skin is a preparation with a concentration of 11% ethanol extract of lily leaves, which increases skin healing by 40.35% and is applied to the skin within 1 month.
Reflexiones sobre la inclusión educativa: un reto en la formación inicial de docentes de ciencias naturales
Authors: Castro-Castillo Diana Carolina , Tuay Sigua Rosa Nidia 
Published: May 2024

La inclusión educativa es un proceso que permite a todas las personas, independientemente de sus diferencias, acceder a una educación de calidad que garantice su desarrollo personal y académico, y su participación en la sociedad. Uno de los retos más significativos de esta política es contar con maestros cualificados que adapten sus estrategias de enseñanza a las necesidades individuales de los estudiantes para generar ambientes escolares acogedores y respetuosos de la diversidad. Este artículo busca dar a conocer el estado actual de la formación inicial de maestros de ciencias naturales para atender la inclusión educativa. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de corte interpretativo que tuvo en cuenta tres fuentes de información: los planes de estudio de algunos programas de licenciatura, los reportes de investigación empírica sobre la temática y las consideraciones de maestros de ciencias en ejercicio que acompañan procesos de inclusión en escuelas de la ciudad de Bogotá. Entre los resultados del estudio, se encontró que los asuntos de inclusión comienzan a tener un lugar destacado en las reflexiones que se realizan en los contextos de formación inicial de maestros. Sin embargo, en el campo de la educación en ciencias se requiere una mayor apropiación de estos conceptos para configurar comunidades más inclusivas en la que todos los sujetos tengan las mismas oportunidades de acceder a la construcción de conocimiento científico escolar. La investigación se desarrolla en el marco de una estancia posdoctoral en educación de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional.
Sensor de Deshidratación por Medio de la Conductancia de la Piel
Authors: Jiménez Cunjamá Francisco Daniel , Inchaustequi Pérez Luis Enrique , Ibáñez Nangüelú Christian Roberto 
Published: May 2024

La deshidratación es un fenómeno que ocurre cuando el cuerpo humano pierde más líquidos de los mareos, disminución de la función cognitiva e incluso desmayos. La deshidratación puede ocurrir en diversas situaciones, como actividades físicas intensas, condiciones climáticas extremas, enfermedades o durante el envejecimiento. En este presente proyecto, tiene como objetivo la creación de un sensor de deshidratación por medio de la conductividad térmica de la piel (EDA), la cual se puede medir a través de los datos de dicha conductividad de la piel, y dado que es una medida inversa a la resistencia de la piel, se puede percibir una respuesta proporcional, y esta está sujeta a la cantidad secreción de sudor, de esta manera permite llevar el proceso de la medición de deshidratación.que ingiere, lo cual tiene efectos negativos en la salud, y empiezan a aparecer síntomas como fatiga.
Kilonova Parameter Estimation with LSST at Vera C. Rubin Observatory
Authors: Ragosta Fabio , Ahumada Tomás , Piranomonte Silvia , Andreoni Igor , Melandri Andrea , Colombo Alberto , Coughlin Michael W. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The upcoming Vera Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) opens a new opportunity to rapidly survey the southern sky at optical wavelengths (i.e., ugrizy bands). In this study, we aim to test the possibility of using LSST observations to constrain the mass and velocity of different kilonova (KN) ejecta components from the observation of a combined set of light curves from afterglows of γ-ray bursts and KNe. We used a sample of simulated light curves from the aforementioned events as they would have been seen during the LSST survey to study how the choice of observing strategies impacts the parameter estimation. We found that the design of observing strategy that is the best compromise between light-curve coverage, observed filters, and reliability of the fit involves a high number of visits with long-gap pairs of about 4 hr every two nights in the same or different filters. The features of the observing strategy will allow us to recognize the different stages of the evolution of the light curve and gather observations in at least three filters.
A Close Look at Lyα Emitters with JWST/NIRCam at z ≈ 3.1
Authors: Liu 刘 Yixiao 一笑 , Dai 戴 Y. Sophia 昱 , Wuyts Stijn , Huang 黄 Jia-Sheng 家声 , Jiang 江 Linhua 林华 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We study 10 spectroscopically confirmed Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ≈ 3.1 in the Ultra Deep Survey field, covered by the James Webb Space Telescope/NIRCam in the Public Release Imaging for Extragalactic Research program. All LAEs are detected in all NIRCam bands from F090W to F444W, corresponding to rest frame wavelengths of 2200 Å to 1.2 μm. Based on morphological analysis of the F200W images, three out of the 10 targets are resolved into pair-like systems with separations of <0.″9, and another three show asymmetric structures. We then construct the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these LAEs, which show little to no extinction. All sources, including the pairs, show similar SED shapes, with a prominent flux excess in the F200W band, corresponding to extremely strong [O iii]+Hβ emission lines (EWrest = 740–6500 Å). The median effective radii, stellar mass, and UV slope of our sample are 0.36 kpc, 3.8 × 107
M
⊙, and −2.48, respectively. The average burst age, estimated by stellar mass over star formation rate, is <40 Myr. These measurements reveal an intriguing starbursting dwarf galaxy population lying off the extrapolations of the z ∼ 3 scaling relations to the low-mass end: ∼0.7 dex above the star-forming main sequence, ∼0.35 dex below the mass–size relation, and bluer in the UV slope than typical high-z galaxies at similar UV luminosities. We speculate that these numbers may require a larger main-sequence scatter or tail in the dwarf galaxy regime toward the starburst outliers.
On the Detection and Characterization of Quasiperiodic Oscillations in Astronomical Time Series: Gamma-Ray Burst X-Ray Light Curves as a Test Case
Authors: Song Fei-Fan , Mao Jirong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The study of temporal properties of variable sources can elucidate their physical processes. In this context, we present a critical study comparing three approaches to periodic or quasiperiodic behavior: Gaussian process, power spectrum, and wavelet analysis, using celerite, Lomb–Scargle periodograms, and weighted wavelet Z-transforms, respectively. We use 15 Swift X-ray Telescope light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs) as examples. A comprehensive analysis of two sGRB X-ray light curves is performed. The results reveal the importance of artifacts, largely in the form of false quasiperiodic oscillation signals, possibly introduced by preprocessing (such as detrending) or other aspects of the analysis. The exploration described in this paper can be helpful for future studies of variability in gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, and other astronomical sources.
A Joint Microwave and Hard X-Ray Study toward Understanding the Transport of Accelerated Electrons During an Eruptive Solar Flare
Authors: Mondal Surajit , Battaglia Andrea F. , Chen Bin , Yu Sijie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The standard flare model, despite its success, is limited in comprehensively explaining the various processes involving nonthermal particles. One such missing ingredient is a detailed understanding of the various processes involved during the transport of accelerated electrons from their site of acceleration to different parts of the flare region. Here we use simultaneous radio and X-ray observations from the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array and the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays on board the Solar Orbiter, respectively, from two distinct viewing perspectives, to study the electron transport processes. Through detailed spectral modeling of the coronal source using radio data and footpoint sources using X-ray spectra, we compare the nonthermal electron distribution at the coronal and footpoint sources. We find that the flux of the nonthermal electrons precipitated at the footpoint is an order of magnitude smaller than that trapped in the looptop, consistent with earlier works that primarily used X-ray for their studies. In addition, we find that the electron spectral indices obtained from X-ray footpoints are significantly softer than the spectral hardness of the nonthermal electron distribution in the corona. We interpret these differences based on transport effects and the difference in sensitivity of microwave and X-ray observations to different regimes of electron energies. Such an understanding is crucial for leveraging different diagnostic methods of nonthermal electrons simultaneously to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the electron acceleration and transport processes of solar flares.
FAUST. XIV. Probing the Flared Disk in L1527 with Sulfur-bearing Molecules
Authors: Zhang Ziwei E. , Sakai Nami , Ohashi Satoshi , Murillo Nadia M. , Chandler Claire J. , Svoboda Brian , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Codella Claudio , Cacciapuoti Luca , O’Donoghue Ross , Viti Serena , Aikawa Yuri , Bianchi Eleonora , Caselli Paola , Charnley Steven , Hanawa Tomoyuki , Jímenez-Serra Izaskun , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Loinard Laurent , Oya Yoko , Podio Linda , Sabatini Giovanni , Vastel Charlotte , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
IRAS04368+2557 in L1527 is a Class 0/I protostar with a clear disk-envelope system revealed by previous Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. In this paper, we discuss the flared structure of this source with observed sulfur-bearing molecules included in the FAUST ALMA large program. The analyses of molecular distributions and kinematics have shown that CS, SO, and OCS trace different regions of the disk-envelope system. To evaluate the temperature across the disk, we derive rotation temperature with the two observed SO lines. The temperature profile shows a clear, flared “butterfly” structure with the higher temperature being ∼50 K and the central lower temperature region (<30 K) coinciding with the continuum peak, suggesting dynamically originated heating rather than radiation heating from the central protostar. Other physical properties, including column densities, are also estimated and further used to demonstrate the vertical structure of the disk-envelope system. The “warped” disk structure of L1527 is confirmed with our analyses, showing that sulfur-bearing molecules are not only effective material probes but also sufficient for structural studies of protostellar systems.
Accurate Infrared Line Lists for 20 Isotopologues of CS2 at Room Temperature
Authors: Huang 黄 Xinchuan 新川 , Gordon Iouli E. , Tashkun Sergey A. , Schwenke David W. , Lee Timothy J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To facilitate atmospheric and spectroscopic studies of carbon disulfide, or CS2, in both planetary and exoplanetary atmospheres, we adopt the “Best Theory + Reliable High-resolution Experiment” algorithm to generate semiempirical IR line lists for the 20 most abundant CS2 isotopologues, denoted as Ames-296K. The IR lists are computed using the Ames-1 potential energy surface, refined using the experimental transition set and an ab initio dipole moment surface fitted from CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(T/Q/5+d)Z dipoles extrapolated to a one-particle basis set limit. The IR lists cover the range of 0–10,000 cm−1, with an S
296K cutoff at 10−31 cm−1/molecule·cm−2 (abundance included). A “natural” IR line list at 296 K includes about 10 million lines of the 20 isotopologues, with their intensities scaled by the corresponding abundances. The zero-point energy, partition functions, and abundances are reported for each isotopologue. The energy levels in the global effective Hamiltonian model for 12C32S2 are adopted to improve the line position accuracy. This new IR list for the main isotopologue is denoted as A+I.296K. Reliable HITRAN2020 line positions are also utilized to improve the accuracy of the 32S12C34S, 32S12C33S, and 32S13C32S isotopologue line lists. The final composite line list is validated against Pacific Northwest National Laboratory experimental cross sections, showing excellent agreement. The agreement supports the quality of the composite line list and the power of synergy between experiment and theory. The new data are proposed for use in updating and expanding the CS2 data in HITRAN and other high-resolution IR databases. Supplementary files are available in Zenodo and AHED.
Nigerian Dramatists and the Postcolonial Dreams: Poetics of Ethnic Unity in Diversity
Authors: Atanda Yemi 
Published: May 2024

This study examines the ideological persuasions of the pioneer Nigerian dramatists given their penchant to edifying the former British colony. Drawing on primary and secondary data, the study contends that contemporary Nigerian playwrights are steep in their ‘social commitments’ to aspire for a better and unified nation, in the face of ethnic diversities. It critically analyses, John Iwuh’s Birthright and Barclays Ayakoroma’s Castle in the Air, using Ngugi wa Thiong’O’s conceptualization of Liberation and Abiola Irele’s Alienation as a conceptual footing to demonstrate the exceptional social visions in the selected plays. In doing this, the study unpacks the boundary crossing between aesthetic, social-political and cultural realities to reconfigure the fractious environment for the holistic integrated and a better postcolonial Nigeria.
A Contrastive Analysis of Reporting Verb Usage in English and Okpameri
Authors: Farinde Raifu O. , Omolaiye Happy O. 
Published: May 2024

Reporting verbs are used to report the expression of a language user. Usage of reporting verbs in utterances varies in languages. These variations sometimes pose problem to ESL learners. Predicating this study on Contrastive Analysis, the study generated Okpameri data from text instrument administered to SS 3 students in Okpameri linguistic environment. Participatory observation is also adopted for data collection. English data were got from the English grammar texts. From the findings, the two languages are grammatically marked for reporting verbs. However, the usage of these reporting verbs differs. While reporting verbs in English have unlimited vocabulary choices, reporting verbs in Okpameri have limited vocabulary choices. Also, English reporting verbs are morphologically realized for tense and number, but this is not so in Okpameri as Okpameri reporting verbs are not morphologically inflected. The use of English reporting verbs are context-based. This is not so in Okpameribecausethereportingverb‘ai’inOkpameriforinstance,is used to suggest that the speaker has given information, whereas in the real sense of it, the speaker intends to give an order or issue a query. This study, therefore, suggests that English language experts, should adopt systematic approach to the teaching of reporting verbs as this will broaden the knowledge of Okpameri ESL learners.