bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hsa‐miR‐375 is differentially expressed during breast lobular neoplasia and promotes loss of mammary acinar polarity
Authors: Giricz Orsi , Reynolds Paul A , Ramnauth Andrew , Liu Christina , Wang Tao , Stead Lesley , Childs Geoffrey , Rohan Thomas , Shapiro Nella , Fineberg Susan , Kenny Paraic A , Loudig Olivier 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast, characterized by loss of E‐cadherin expression, accounts for 5–15% of invasive breast cancers and it is believed to arise via a linear histological progression. Genomic studies have identified a clonal relationship between ILC and concurrent lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) lesions, suggesting that LCIS may be a precursor lesion. It has been shown that an LCIS diagnosis confers a 15–20% risk of progression to ILC over a lifetime. Currently no molecular test or markers can identify LCIS lesions likely to progress to ILC. Since microRNA (miRNA) expression changes have been detected in a number of other cancer types, we explored whether their dysregulation might be detected during progression from LCIS to ILC. Using the Illumina miRNA profiling platform, designed for simultaneous analysis of 470 mature miRNAs, we analysed the profiles of archived normal breast epithelium, LCIS lesions found alone, LCIS lesions concurrent with ILC, and the concurrent ILCs as a model of linear histological progression towards ILC. We identified two sets of differentially expressed miRNAs, the first set highly expressed in normal epithelium, including hsa‐miR‐224, ‐139, ‐10b, ‐450, 140, and ‐365, and the second set up‐regulated during lobular neoplasia progression, including hsa‐miR‐375, ‐203, ‐425‐5p, ‐183, ‐565, and ‐182. Using quantitative RT‐PCR, we validated a trend of increasing expression for hsa‐miR‐375, hsa‐miR‐182, and hsa‐miR‐183 correlating with ILC progression. As we detected increased expression of hsa‐miR‐375 in LCIS lesions synchronous with ILC, we sought to determine whether hsa‐miR‐375 might induce phenotypes reminiscent of lobular neoplasia by expressing it in the MCF‐10A 3D culture model of mammary acinar morphogenesis. Increased expression of hsa‐miR‐375 resulted in loss of cellular organization and acquisition of a hyperplastic phenotype. These data suggest that dysregulated miRNA expression contributes to lobular neoplastic progression. Copyright © 2011 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct access midwifery booking for prenatal care and its role in Down syndrome screening
Authors: Nawaz Tariq S. , Tringham Gillian M. , Holding Stephen , McFarlane Jane , Lindow Stephen W. 
Published: August 2011

ObjectiveTo compare the uptake of Down syndrome screening by women following referral by direct access and general practitioner (GP) modes.MethodsThe method of referral by either GP or direct access, for women who booked into prenatal care in Hull and East Yorkshire in 2010, was analysed using data collected from the Protos database at the Women and Children's Hospital, Hull. Subsequently, the uptake of first and second trimester screening for Down syndrome was reviewed by combining the Protos database to the screening data collected by the Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory at Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull.ResultsWomen booked into prenatal care significantly earlier when referred by GP in comparison to direct access with a significant difference in screening uptake of 49.5 and 42.7%, respectively. The ratio of uptake between first and second trimester screening was not significantly different.ConclusionsFurther research on the new direct access method of referral is required, as it may have a role in the uptake of prenatal screening for Down syndrome. More time is needed to show a definitive effect. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of rigid polypropylene‐based microcellular foams produced by batch foaming processes
Authors: Velasco José Ignacio , Antunes Marcelo , Realinho Vera , Ardanuy Mónica 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe properties of polypropylene (PP) foams can be extended by controlling the cellular structure and adding functional fillers. PP‐based microcellular foams having an interesting combination of mechanical and transport properties were prepared by two different batch foaming processes. The batch processes employed were a semisolid state CO2 dissolution physical foaming process and a chemical one based on the dissolution of the gases generated by the thermal decomposition of a chemical blowing agent in the molten state. The role of the cellular structure and nanofillers (5 wt% of organoclay and 10–20 wt% of cellulosic fibers) on the foam properties and CO2 diffusion rate was discussed. Foams with expansion ratios around 3 but different cell structures were prepared and studied concerning their structural characteristics. For unfilled foams prepared by CO2 dissolution, the microcellular structure resulted in the highest values of the specific storage modulus. A fraction of organically‐treated montmorillonite dispersed into the PP matrix resulted in superior mechanical properties due to the combined effect of a finer cell structure and inherent higher stiffness of the silicate layers. Despite displaying an open‐cell structure, foams reinforced with high contents of cellulosic fibers showed increased specific storage moduli with respect to the unfilled foams. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. ©2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Plasticizer migration from cross‐linked flexible PVC: Effects on tribology and hardness
Authors: Ambrogi Veronica , Brostow Witold , Carfagna Cosimo , Pannico Marianna , Persico Paola 
Published: August 2011

AbstractUses of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are restricted by plasticizer migration affecting material properties. Moreover, the use of phthalate‐based plasticizers is being questioned worldwide because of their potential toxicity to humans and environment. Chemical modification of PVC structure is one of the most effective tools for reduction of plasticizer diffusion. In this work, a flexible dry blend based on cross‐linked PVC was obtained using a difunctional amine, namely isophoron diamine (IPDA) as the cross‐linking agent. The gel fraction was evaluated from insoluble portions obtained by means of solvent extraction; the efficiency of cross‐linking in reducing the plasticizer leaching was evaluated by migration tests. Effects of addition of IPDA on PVC thermal stability were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The cross‐linking reaction turned out to be responsible for accelerating thermal degradation. Tribological properties of flexible uncross‐linked, cross‐linked and rigid PVC were determined. Flexible formulations were held in contact for 32 days with rigid PVC sheets. Plasticizer migration towards the interface caused an increase of dynamic friction compared to that of the reference rigid PVC.Vickers microhardness hVickers values of rigid PVC sheets decreased due to plasticizer surface absorption. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermal and combustion behavior of ethylene‐vinyl acetate/aluminum trihydroxide/Fe‐montmorillonite composites
Authors: Chen Xilei , Jiao Chuanmei , Zhang Jun 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe flammability characterization and synergistic flame‐retardant effect of Fe‐montmorillonite (Fe‐OMT) in the ethylene‐vinyl acetate/aluminum hydroxide (EVA/ATH) compounds were studied using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, cone calorimeter, microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that addition of Fe‐OMT increases the LOI value and improves the UL 94 rating. Cone calorimeter data indicate that the addition of Fe‐OMT greatly reduced the heat release rate and carbon monoxide production rate. Furthermore a compact char residue formed on the surface of the sample with a suitable of Fe‐OMT during the combustion. The MCC results indicate that addition of Fe‐OMT reduced the heat release rate and catalyzed the decomposition of EVA. The TGA data showed further evidence that Fe‐OMT can catalyze carbonization reactions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and characterization of water‐dispersible, superparamagnetic single‐wall carbon nanotubes decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles and well‐defined chelating diblock copolymers
Authors: Papaphilippou Petri , Turcu Rodica , Krasia‐Christoforou Theodora 
Published: August 2011

AbstractA novel approach for the fabrication of magneto‐active carbon nanotubes (CNTs) stabilized in aqueous media, involving the combination of carboxylated single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a new class of methacrylate‐based chelating diblock copolymers, is described. More precisely, a well‐defined diblock copolymer consisting of hexa(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (hydrophilic and thermo‐responsive) and 2‐(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate (hydrophobic and metal‐chelating) synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization has been used to prepare polymer‐coated magneto‐active SWCNTs decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles. Further to the characterization of the compositional and thermal properties using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis, assessment of the magnetic characteristics by vibrational sample magnetometry disclosed superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. The latter, combined with the thermo‐responsive properties of the polymeric coating and the unique, inherent properties of the carbon nanotubes may allow for their future exploitation in the biomedical field. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1389–1396, 2011
Investigation of Adhesion Between Metal and Plasma‐Modified Polyethylene
Authors: Horakova Marta , Spatenka Petr , Hladik Jan , Hornik Jakub , Steidl Josef , Polachova Alena 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe polyethylene (PE) coatings could be very promising for various branches of industry due to their chemical stability and impact resistance. Plasma modification of powder has recently attracted much interest because of new prospects to control the interfacial properties. Plasma modification also significantly enhanced the adhesion of the polymer to the substrate. Powders find wide application in various branches of industry like paintings, biotechnology, filling for composite materials etc., but the plasma modification of powder surface has not found such application as plasma modification of flat solid materials. This is due to problems connected with the three dimensional geometry, necessity of solid mixing (due to the aggregation phenomenon) and the large surface area of powders which should be treated. We investigated plasma modification of PE powder, its adhesion properties on steel surface and mechanism influencing this adhesion. PE powder was modified using various working gases and chemicals. It was found that adhesion properties were strongly influenced by concentration of oxygen containing groups and also by PE crosslinking after modification. The value of crosslinking depends on used working gas and chemicals. The ternary mixture of O2/H2O/methanol was found to be an appropriate working gas for plasma treatment of PE for adhesion purposes. The treated PE had good wettability, low crosslinking and very high adhesion to the steel substrate.magnified image
Use of flexible bronchoscopy in pediatric patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support
Authors: Kamat Pradip P. , Popler Jonathan , Davis Joel , Leong Traci , Piland Sarah C. , Simon Dawn , Harsch Alan , Teague William G. , Fortenberry James D. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIntroductionCritically ill children treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support frequently have respiratory complications amenable to evaluation by flexible bronchoscopy (FB). The safety and efficacy of FB in this setting has not been well described in children.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 153 FBs in 79 children treated with ECMO at a single institution from 2000 to 2008. Demographic data, clinical findings, and complications were obtained. Chest radiographs reports were evaluated prior to and following FB. Physiologic variables were compared prior to and following FB.ResultsSeventy‐nine patients underwent FB on ECMO [58 veno‐venous (VV) and 21 veno‐arterial (VA) ECMO], with 153 total FBs performed. Indications for FB included clearance of tenacious airway secretions (n = 118, 77%), or evaluation of suspected secondary infections with bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 26, 17%). Two patients also had surfactant instillation following secretion removal. FB was performed a median 5 days following cannulation for ECMO (range 2–14 days). Most common findings included thick secretions (n = 77, 50.3%), mucoid secretions (n = 15, 9.8%), and mucopurulent secretions (n = 28, 18.3%). No deterioration in radiographic lung findings was described post‐FB. FB was not associated with any significant change in heart rate, systemic blood pressure, or temperature. No significant changes in ECMO pump flow rate or sweep gas flow was seen during or after FB. Cannula dislodgement, inadvertent extubation, fever, pneumothorax, or intraprocedural hypoxemia was not reported. Fifty‐three FBs (35%) resulted in blood‐tinged secretions from the endotracheal tube post‐FB, which resolved spontaneously. Three patients received high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) following FB in association with mild hemorrhage.ConclusionsFB is a well‐tolerated and safe procedure in critically ill pediatric patients on ECMO. FB may have a diagnostic as well as therapeutic benefit in such patients. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:1108–1113. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Local magneto‐electric effects from separate areas of magnetic domains of yttrium iron garnets
Authors: Koronovskyy Vadim , Gorchinskii Nikolai 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMagneto‐electric properties (electromagneto‐optical effect (EMOE)) of separate magnetic domains of yttrium iron garnets (YIGs) are investigated with using an optical polarimetry method. This local effect depends on the chosen point of optical scanning and changes essentially at scanning of various points of the domain. We have revealed separate sites of YIG sample where sharp changes of the electromagneto‐optical (EMO) signal concerning average value in the domain are registered. We assume that the defect area (or its vicinity) on a surface or in volume of the investigated YIG sample causes the specified changes of EMO effect value. When probing by thin laser beam various sites of the magnetic domain, it is possible to define the defects positions by EMO signal value and it can matter for applications.
Evidences for ambient oxidation of indium nitride quantum dots
Authors: Bhat Thirumaleshwara N. , Rajpalke Mohana K. , Roul Basanta , Kumar Mahesh , Krupanidhi S. B. , Sinha Neeraj 
Published: August 2011

AbstractInvestigations were carried out on the ambient condition oxidation of self‐assembled, fairly uniform indium nitride (InN) quantum dots (QDs) fabricated on p‐Si substrates. Incorporation of oxygen in to the outer shell of the QDs was confirmed by the results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). As a consequence, a weak emission at high energy (∼1.03 eV) along with a free excitonic emission (0.8 eV) was observed in the photoluminescence spectrum. The present results confirm the incorporation of oxygen into the lattice of the outer shell of InN QDs, affecting their emission properties.
Photoelectrochemical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube assembled with CdSe quantum dots
Authors: Chen Jing , Wu Jun , Lei Wei , Zhang Xiaobing 
Published: August 2011

AbstractIn this paper, we have fabricated a hybrid nanostructure composed of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and CdSe QDs. Emission decay profile indicates a fast electron transfer of 1.6 ×108 s–1 from excited CdSe into the MWCNTs. More than 95% of the CdSe emission is quenched as the excited CdSe quantum dots interact with CNTs, indicating that the electron accepting property of MWCNT is expected to favor the electron transfer pathway. As a result, the MWCNTs‐CdSe can be used as the potential building blocks for light‐harvesting assembly in QDSSC. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Can gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry be used to quantify organic compound abundance?
Authors: Thornton Barry , Zhang Zulin , Mayes Robert W. , Högberg Mona N. , Midwood Andrew J. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTQuantifying the concentrations of organics such as phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and n‐alkanes and measuring their corresponding 13 C/12 C isotope ratios often involves two separate analyses; (1) quantification by gas chromatography flame ionisation detection (GC‐FID) or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and (2) 13 C‐isotope abundance analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐C‐IRMS). This requirement for two separate analyses has obvious disadvantages in terms of cost and time. However, there is a history of using the data output of isotope ratio mass spectrometers to quantify various components; including the N and C concentrations of solid materials and CO2 concentrations in gaseous samples. Here we explore the possibility of quantifying n‐alkanes extracted from sheeps' faeces and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) derivatised from PLFAs extracted from grassland soil, using GC‐C‐IRMS. The results were compared with those from GC‐FID analysis of the same extracts. For GC‐C‐IRMS the combined area of the masses for all the ions (m/z 44, 45 and 46) was collected, referred to as 'area all', while for the GC‐FID analysis the peak area data were collected. Following normalisation to a common value for added internal standards, the GC‐C‐IRMS 'area all' values and the GC‐FID peak area data were directly compared. Strong linear relationships were found for both n‐alkanes and FAMEs. For the n‐alkanes the relationships were 1:1 while, for the FAMEs, GC‐C‐IRMS overestimated the areas relative to the GC‐FID results. However, with suitable reference material 1:1 relationships were established. The output of a GC‐C‐IRMS system can form the basis for the quantification of certain organics including FAMEs and n‐alkanes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS ALONG A LOWLAND WEIR POOL IN THE SOUTHERN MURRAY‐DARLING BASIN, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Whiterod N. , Sherman B. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTThe 60‐km‐long pool created by the Mildura weir exhibits pronounced physical, chemical and biological gradients along its length. As the river deepens and widens downstream along the weir pool, the flow velocity decreases and the potential for thermal stratification (intensity and duration of stratification) increases. Most nutrient concentrations (TN, NOx, FRP) as well as the euphotic depth increased in the downstream direction whereas TP and turbidity decreased. The increase in bioavailable nutrients co‐occurred with an increase in electrical conductivity suggesting the presence of relatively more saline groundwater inflows to the weir pool.Throughout the summer (12 December 2003–18 March 2004), with the exception of 8 days, the water column throughout the weir pool mixed completely on a diurnal basis in the deeper sections and was continuously mixed in the shallower upstream sections. This mixing substantially reduced the mean irradiance experienced by the phytoplankton near the weir. Maximum cyanobacteria concentrations were observed in the mid‐weir pool where the range of conditions was most suitable. Diatom abundance increased along the most downstream 20 km of the pool where the water column was deeper and slower flowing yet still mixed completely on a diurnal basis. Peaks in cyanobacteria biomass are not expected in the lower weir pool until lower discharges promote persistent thermal stratification and increase the mean irradiance in the surface mixed layer. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BINARY FISH PASSAGE MODELS FOR UNIFORM AND NONUNIFORM FLOWS
Authors: Neary V. S. 
Published: August 2011

ABSTRACTBinary fish passage models are considered by many fisheries' managers to be the best available practice for culvert inventory assessments and for fishway design. Misunderstandings between different passage‐modelling approaches often arise, however, because of the absence of a formal comparison between the different approaches that include detailed derivations with consistent terminology and example applications. In this paper, one‐dimensional binary fish passage models were reviewed, and derivations from basic principles were provided for clarification. For uniform flow, a simple exhaustion‐threshold (ET) model equation was derived that predicts the flow velocity threshold in a fishway that causes exhaustion at a given maximum distance of ascent if a fish swims at the optimal ground speed. Velocities at or above the threshold predict failure to pass (exclusion). Velocities below the threshold predict passage. The ET model was therefore intuitive and easily applied to predict passage or exclusion. It was also shown to be consistent with the ascent‐distance (AD) model that shows that fish must adopt an optimal ground speed to maximize AD. The limitation of passage models to uniform flow was addressed by deriving a general model framework for passage that accounts for nonuniform flow conditions more commonly found in the field, including backwater and drawdown water‐surface profiles. Comparison of these models with experimental observations of volitional passage for top‐performing western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis indicates reasonable prediction of binary outcomes (passage or exclusion) if the flow velocity is not near the threshold flow velocity. More research is needed on fish behaviour, passage strategies under nonuniform flow regimes and stochastic methods that account for individual differences in swimming performance. Future experiments should track and measure ground speeds of ascending fish to test passage strategies and to improve model predictions. Stochastic models, such as Monte‐Carlo techniques, that account for different passage performance among individuals and allow prediction of the percentage of fish passing are needed to improve fish passage prediction. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear time history analysis of a super‐tall building with setbacks in elevation
Authors: Lu Xilin , Su Ningfen , Zhou Ying 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYStanding 260 m above the ground, the super‐tall building employs steel reinforced concrete frame and reinforced concrete core wall system strengthened by a belt truss story to resist lateral and vertical loads. It has two setbacks in elevation. One is structurally designed by direct termination of vertical members, and the other is realized by inclining columns. Because of these characteristics, the building is classified as an irregular and complex structure. To investigate the seismic behavior of the structure under rare earthquake action, a refined finite element model was developed by using ABAQUS (Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp., Providence, RI, USA). Nonlinear time history analyses were conducted using explicit integration method. The results show that the structural system has sufficient seismic capacity and ductility to resist rare earthquake. The plastic deformation capacity of this building can meet the requirement of Chinese code, and seismic performance objective of no collapse under rare earthquake can be reached. However, deformations were found concentrated in members within and adjacent to setback stories, at the bottom strengthening portion of core walls and its upper story where lateral stiffness suddenly changed. It was suggested that transfer stories should be placed above or below these stories to improve the concentration of strain and deformation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.