bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of radiation on vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the C2 canine mastocytoma cell line
Authors: Sekis Ivana , Gerner Wilhelm , Willmann Michael , Rebuzzi Laura , Tichy Alexander , Patzl Martina , Thalhammer Johann G. , Saalmüller Armin , Kleiter Miriam M. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To establish the radiosensitivity and effect of irradiation on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) expression in the canine mastocytoma cell line C2.
Sample Population—Canine mastocytoma cell line C2.
Procedures—C2 cells were irradiated with single doses of 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy. The 3-(4, 5-di-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay and proliferation assays with (methyl-hydrogen 3) thymidine were used for radiosensitivity experiments. Expression of VEGFR was determined via flow cytometry and apoptotic rate via annexin assay. Human and canine VEGF ELISA kits were evaluated in crossover assay experiments, and the canine kit was used thereafter.
Results—C2 cells secreted VEGF constitutively. Radiation did not induce a significant increase in VEGF secretion, regardless of radiation dose. Consistently, radiation did not up-regulate VEGFR. Cell survival rates decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic cell fraction had a dose-dependent increase that reached its maximum 24 to 48 hours after radiation.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The C2 cell line was radiosensitive, and a fraction (up to 40%) of cells died via apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In response to radiation, C2 cells did not upregulate VEGF production or VEGFR. Further studies are needed to determine whether tumor control could be improved by combining radiotherapy with VEGFR inhibitors or apoptosis-modulating agents.
Effect of body position on respiratory system volumes in anesthetized red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) as measured via computed tomography
Authors: Malka Shachar , Hawkins Michelle G. , Jones James H. , Pascoe Peter J. , Kass Philip H. , Wisner Erik R. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of body position on lung and air-sac volumes in anesthetized and spontaneously breathing red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).
Animals—6 adult red-tailed hawks (sex unknown).
Procedures—A crossover study design was used for quantitative estimation of lung and air-sac volumes in anesthetized hawks in 3 body positions: dorsal, right lateral, and sternal recumbency. Lung volume, lung density, and air-sac volume were calculated from helical computed tomographic (CT) images by use of software designed for volumetric analysis of CT data. Effects of body position were compared by use of repeated-measures ANOVA and a paired Student t test.
Results—Results for all pairs of body positions were significantly different from each other. Mean ± SD lung density was lowest when hawks were in sternal recumbency (–677 ± 28 CT units), followed by right lateral (–647 ± 23 CT units) and dorsal (–630 ± 19 CT units) recumbency. Mean lung volume was largest in sternal recumbency (28.6 ± 1.5 mL), followed by right lateral (27.6 ± 1.7 mL) and dorsal (27.0 ± 1.5 mL) recumbency. Mean partial air-sac volume was largest in sternal recumbency (27.0 ± 19.3 mL), followed by right lateral (21.9 ± 16.1 mL) and dorsal (19.3 ± 16.9 mL) recumbency.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In anesthetized red-tailed hawks, positioning in sternal recumbency resulted in the greatest lung and air-sac volumes and lowest lung density, compared with positioning in right lateral and dorsal recumbency. Additional studies are necessary to determine the physiologic effects of body position on the avian respiratory system.
Comparison of the amounts of air leakage into the thoracic cavity associated with four thoracostomy tube placement techniques in canine cadavers
Authors: Yoon Hun-Young , Mann F. A. , Lee Suhwon , Branson Keith R. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare the amount of air leakage into the thoracic cavity associated with each of 4 thoracostomy tube placement techniques in canine cadavers.
Sample Population—28 canine cadavers.
Procedures—Thoracostomy tube placement techniques (7 cadavers/technique) included subcutaneous tunneling with a silicone tube by use of Carmalt forceps or with a polyvinyl chloride tube by use of a trocar (SC-CARM and SC-TRO, respectively) and tunneling under the latissimus dorsi muscle with similar tube-instrument techniques (LD-CARM and LD-TRO, respectively). Differences in intrapleural pressures (IPPs) measured before and after tube placement and before and after tube removal were calculated; duration of air leakage around the tubes was assessed by use of a 3-chamber thoracic drainage system.
Results—Tunneling method and depth had no interaction effect on the difference in IPP measured before and after tube placement; the IPP difference for both forceps technique groups was significantly greater than findings for both trocar technique groups. Tunneling method and depth had an interaction effect on the difference in IPP measured before and after tube removal; compared with SC-TRO and LD-CARM group differences, the SC-CARM group difference was significantly greater, but the LD-TRO group difference was similar. More intermittent air leakage was associated with the 2 forceps techniques than with the 2 trocar techniques.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Trocar-implemented thoracostomy tube placement in canine cadavers resulted in less air leakage than the forceps method. Air leakage upon tube removal was less pronounced for the LD-CARM technique than the SC-CARM technique. The LD-TRO technique is recommended to prevent iatrogenic pneumothorax in dogs.
Detection of Babesia gibsoni and the canine small Babesia ‘Spanish isolate’ in blood samples obtained from dogs confiscated from dogfighting operations
Authors: Yeagley Todd J. , Reichard Mason V. , Hempstead Julie E. , Allen Kelly E. , Parsons Lindsey M. , White Mellanie A. , Little Susan E. , Meinkoth James H. 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs that were confiscated from dogfighting operations.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—157 pit bull–type dogs that were confiscated as part of dogfighting prosecution cases in Iowa, Michigan, Mississippi, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington and 218 randomly selected animal shelter dogs with no known history of dogfighting.
Procedures—Blood samples collected from confiscated dogs were tested for infection with B gibsoni by use of a nested PCR assay. Samples that yielded positive results underwent DNA sequencing to confirm infection with B gibsoni. Control blood samples collected from 218 randomly selected dogs in animal shelters (ie, dogs that had no known involvement in dogfighting events) were also analyzed.
Results—Results of nested PCR assays indicated that 53 of 157 (33.8%) confiscated dogs were infected with B gibsoni; 1 (0.6%) dog was infected with the canine small Babesia ‘Spanish isolate’ (also known as Theileria annae). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of infection with this small Babesia ‘Spanish isolate’ in a North American dog. Dogs with scars (indicative of fighting) on the face, head, and forelimbs were 5.5 times as likely to be infected with B gibsoni as were dogs without scars. Of the control dogs, 1 (0.5%) pit bull–type dog was infected with B gibsoni.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that B gibsoni is a common parasite of dogs confiscated from dogfighting operations and suggested that dogs with a history of fighting should be evaluated for infection with B gibsoni.
An investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in people and pets in the same household with an infected person or infected pet
Authors: Faires Meredith C. , Tater Kathy C. , Weese J. Scott 
Published: September 2009

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the prevalence of concurrent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in people and pets in the same household with a person or pet with an MRSA infection and to compare MRSA isolates by use of molecular techniques.
Design—2 cross-sectional evaluations conducted concurrently.
Sample Population—24 dogs, 10 cats, and 56 humans in part 1 and 21 dogs, 4 cats, and 16 humans in part 2 of the study.
Procedures—In both parts of the study, nasal swab specimens were collected from humans and nasal and rectal swab specimens were collected from household pets. Selective culture for MRSA was performed, and isolates were typed via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and spa typing. Households were defined as positive when MRSA was isolated from at least 1 person (part 1) or 1 pet (part 2).
Results—In part 1, 6 of 22 (27.3%) households were identified with MRSA colonization in a person. In these households, 10 of 56 (17.9%) humans, 2 of 24 (8.3%) dogs, and 1 of 10 (10%) cats were colonized with MRSA. In part 2, only 1 of 8 households was identified with MRSA colonization in a pet. Most MRSA isolates obtained from humans and pets in the same household were indistinguishable by use of PFGE.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The high prevalence of concurrent MRSA colonization as well as identification of indistinguishable strains in humans and pet dogs and cats in the same household suggested that interspecies transmission of MRSA is possible. Longitudinal studies are required to identify factors associated with interspecies transmission.
Endoscopic pituitary surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tabaee Abtin , Anand Vijay K. , Barrón Yolanda , Hiltzik David H. , Brown Seth M. , Kacker Ashutosh , Mazumdar Madhu , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: September 2009

Object
Surgery on the pituitary gland is increasingly being performed through an endoscopic approach. However, there is little published data on its safety and relative advantages over traditional microscope-based approaches. Published reports are limited by small sample size and nonrandomized study design. A meta-analysis allows for a description of the impact of endoscopic surgery on short-term outcomes.

Methods
The authors performed retrospective review of data from their institution as well as a systematic review of the literature. The pooled data were analyzed for descriptive statistics on short-term outcomes.

Results
Nine studies (821 patients) met inclusion criteria. Overall, the pooled rate of gross tumor removal was 78% (95% CI 67–89%). Hormone resolution was achieved in 81% (95% CI 71–91%) of adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting tumors, 84% (95% CI 76–92%) of growth hormone secreting tumors, and 82% (95% CI 70–94%) of prolactin secreting tumors. The pooled complication rates were 2% (95% CI 0–4%) for CSF leak and 1% (95% CI 0–2%) for permanent diabetes insipidus. There were 2 deaths reported in the literature that were both related to vascular injury, giving an overall mortality rate of 0.24%.

Conclusions
The results of this meta-analysis support the safety and short-term efficacy of endoscopic pituitary surgery. Future studies with long-term follow-up are required to determine tumor control.
Gamma Knife surgery for brain metastases from gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Silva Arnaldo Neves Da , Nagayama Kazuki , Schlesinger David J. , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: September 2009

Object
Brain metastases from gastrointestinal cancers are rare. However, the incidence is increasing because patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma tend to live longer due to earlier diagnosis and more effective treatment of systemic disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for the treatment of brain metastases from gastrointestinal cancers.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective review of 40 patients (18 women and 22 men) who had undergone GKS to treat a total of 118 metastases from gastrointestinal cancers between January 1996 and December 2006. The mean patient age was 58.7 years, and the mean Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score was 70. There were 7 patients with esophageal cancer, 25 with colon cancer, 5 with rectal cancer, 2 with pancreatic cancer, and 1 with gastric cancer. Nineteen patients were treated with whole-brain radiotherapy and/or local brain radiotherapy before GKS. Twenty-four patients had extracranial metastases, and 3 had an additional primary cancer. The mean metastatic brain tumor volume was 4.3 cm3, and the mean maximum tumor dose varied from 17.1 to 76.7 Gy (mean 41.8 Gy).

Results
Follow-up imaging studies were available in 25 patients with a total of 90 treated metastases. The results demonstrate a tumor control rate of 91%. The median survival time was 6.7 months, and the 6-month and 1-year survival rates were 55 and 25%, respectively. A univariate analysis revealed that the KPS score (≤ 70 vs ≥ 80) was significant (p = 0.018) for improved survival.

Conclusions
Results in this series suggest that GKS can be an effective tool for the treatment of brain metastases from gastrointestinal cancer.
Factors influencing the genesis of neurosurgical technology
Authors: Bergman William C. , Schulz Raymond A. , Davis Deanna S. 
Published: September 2009

For any new technology to gain acceptance, it must not only adequately fill a true need, but must also function optimally within the confines of coexisting technology and concurrently available support systems. As an example, over the first decades of the 20th century, a number of drill designs used to perform cranial bone cuts appeared, fell out of favor, and later reappeared as certain supportive technologies emerged. Ultimately, it was the power source that caused one device to prevail.
In contrast, a brilliant imaging device, designed to demonstrate an axial view of the lumbar spine, was never allowed to gain acceptance because it was immediately superseded by another device of no greater innovation, but one that performed optimally with popular support technology. The authors discuss the factors that have bearing on the evolution of neurosurgical technology.
Minimally invasive spine technology and minimally invasive spine surgery: a historical review
Authors: Oppenheimer Jeffrey H. , DeCastro Igor , McDonnell Dennis E. 
Published: September 2009

The trend of using smaller operative corridors is seen in various surgical specialties. Neurosurgery has also recently embraced minimal access spine technique, and it has rapidly evolved over the past 2 decades. There has been a progression from needle access, small incisions with adaptation of the microscope, and automated percutaneous procedures to endoscopically and laparoscopically assisted procedures. More recently, new muscle-sparing technology has come into use with tubular access. This has now been adapted to the percutaneous placement of spinal instrumentation, including intervertebral spacers, rods, pedicle screws, facet screws, nucleus replacement devices, and artificial discs. New technologies involving hybrid procedures for the treatment of complex spine trauma are now on the horizon. Surgical corridors have been developed utilizing the interspinous space for X-STOP placement to treat lumbar stenosis in a minimally invasive fashion. The direct lateral retroperitoneal corridor has allowed for minimally invasive access to the anterior spine.
In this report the authors present a chronological, historical perspective of minimal access spine technique and minimally invasive technologies in the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine from 1967 through 2009. Due to a low rate of complications, minimal soft tissue trauma, and reduced blood loss, more spine procedures are being performed in this manner. Spine surgery now entails shorter hospital stays and often is carried out on an outpatient basis. With education, training, and further research, more of our traditional open surgical management will be augmented or replaced by these technologies and approaches in the future.
Intussusception in Children : A Study of 50 Cases
Authors: Jafor MA , Rahman M Latifur , Hoque S 
Published: September 2009

This is a prospective study carried out at the department of surgery, Dhaka Shishu Hospital during the period from 1st February 1997 to 28th February, 1999. Fifty peadiatiric patients aged less than 12 yrs with provisional diagnosis of intussusception were included in this study. Highest number of patients were within 1 year of age (70%), male female ratio was 2.57:1, the exact aetiology of intussusception could not be indentified in majority of the cases (90%). Abdominal pain (82%), vomiting (78%) and per rectal bleeding (62%) was common presentations. All patients were managed surgically. Ileocolic type was commonest type of intussusception (66%). Postoperative complications was noted in 14% cases. With limited resources, this study tried to collect many information about various aspect of intussusception in Bangladeshi children. It is hoped that organization and compilation of these information will stimulate further studies, leading to a greater comprehension of the problems of intussusception of paediatric age groups in our country. doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3171 TAJ 2005; 18(2): 80-83
Femoral Head Diameters and Sex Differentiation in the Northern Zone (Rajshahi) of Bangladesh
Authors: Afroze Akhtari , Huda M Durrul 
Published: September 2009

This study was aimed to find out the variations of the femoral head diameters in relation to sex in Bangladeshi people. The study was based on 123 paired human femurs (radiological view) of which 52 were male and 71were female. It was observed that the mean vertical and transverse diameters of the head of the male femur were significantly greater than that of female (P<0.001).No statistical significant difference was present between the measurement of the right and left side of the same sixth identification points that were derived from the vertical and transverse diameters of the head of the femur were higher in males than in females. The results showed that diameters of the femoral head as well as the identification points that are derived from them are of use in sex identification. The present study is of value to the forensic experts, orthopaedicians and prosthetists as it gives the idea about the dimensions of the femoral head in the present area. doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3172 TAJ 2005; 18(2): 84-88
Profile of Sexual Assault Cases Registered in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College
Authors: Islam MM , Islam MR , Sarkar MA Mukit , Rashid MA 
Published: September 2009

A cross sectional study was conducted among 291 victims of sexual assault cases examined at the department of Forensic Medicine, Rajshahi Medical College from February to June, 2004 in order to see the profiles of the sexual assault cases. In this study the mean age of the victims was 17.78 years. Out of 291 victims 3 individuals were male. The incidence of sexual assault was more frequent among the individuals aged from 14 to 18 years. The study should that 77.7% victims were unmarried. 80% individuals of sexual assault were inhabitants of rural areas and the rest of the victims were of urban areas. The study revealed that 88 (30.2%) had the signs of violence on their body. In finding out of the physical development the study presented that 86.9% victims had developed breast while 8.9% had not. Out of 288 female victims 84.72% female had old tear of hymen while 30 (10.41%) had recent hymenal tear. 1.4% victims of sexual assault showed presence of sperm in pathological examination. doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3174 TAJ 2005; 18(2):
Clinical Profile of Birth Asphyxia in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital
Authors: Haidary MH , Hussain Asgar , Ahmed Safiuddin , Kasem Abul 
Published: September 2009

Birth asphyxia is an important cause of preventable cerebral injury in the neonatal period. It continues to be major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in both developing and developed countries. Recently a quite good number of birth asphyxiated new born babies had been admitted in the pediatric department of RMCH (Rajshahi Medical college Hospital). This study has been conducted to see the types and outcome of management of birth asphyxiated babies. A total 871 neonates were admitted in the pediatric department of RMCH from September 2001 to November 2002. Out of which birth asphyxia was 191 (21.92%) acute respiratory infection (ARI)-194 (22.73%), Low birth weight (LBW)-113 (12.97%), Neonatal jaundice-84 (9.64%), Septicaemia-38 (4.38%), Meningitis-26 (2.98%), Diarrhea-24 (2.75%), Birth trauma-24 (2.75%), Neonatal tetanus-04 (0.45%), Out of the total birth asphyxiated babies, mild type was 35 (18.32%), moderate type was 40 (20.94%), and severe birth asphyxia was 116 (60%), The recovery rate in mild birth asphyxia was (100%), in moderate case was (95%) and in severe case the rate was (74.13%). doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3176 TAJ 2005; 18(2): 106-108
In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Volatile Oil of <i>Nigella Sativa</i> Linn Seeds
Authors: Ara Nazma , Choudhury SAR , Amin Ruhul 
Published: September 2009

The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of the Volatile oils of Nigella Sativa Linn Seeds was tested against fifteen pathogenic microbial strains includung three gram-positive, eleven gramnegative and a yeast Candida albicans. The volatile oil showed strong sensitivity to all the organisms. The zone of inhibition was found 13-32mm at a dose of 600μg/disc. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the volatile oil was also determined against Staph. Aureus ATCC and E.coli ATCC were found 187μg/ml and 375μg/ml respectively. doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3177 TAJ 2005; 18(2): 109-112
Breast Cancer: Overview of Modern Management
Authors: Uddin Dayem , Hannan ABM Abdul , Begum Khodeja Nahar 
Published: September 2009

Potential benefits of local and or systemic therapy of breast cancer depending on the patient's stage. Local therapy would be expected to be most effective at a time when the patient's disease is confined within the ducts or lobules (premalignant or noninvasive) or is only minimally invasive. Local therapy would be expected to have little if any effect in patients with widespread systemic disease (macrometastatic), except in specific cases of isolated organ sites requiring palliation. Systemic therapy would be expected to have its greatest effect in prolonging survival in patients who are most likely to have distant metastases but whose disease has not had an opportunity to develop substantial resistance (micrometastatic), which might develop with ongoing tumor growth. However, tamoxifen may serve to suppers emergence of new primary cancer, and chest wall and surrounding lymph node radiation may prevent may prevent subsequent micrometastases. doi: 10.3329/taj.v18i2.3197 TAJ 2005; 18(2): 140-143