bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Murine Metapodophalangeal Sesamoid Bones: Morphology and Potential Means of Mineralization Underlying Function
Authors: Doherty Alison H. , Lowder Elizabeth M. , Jacquet Robin D. , Landis William J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNormal murine metapodophalangeal sesamoid bones, closely associated with tendons, were examined in terms of their structure and mineralization with reference to their potential function following crystal deposition. This study utilized radiography, whole mount staining, histology, and conventional electron microscopy to establish a maturation timeline of mineral formation in 1‐ to 6‐week‐old metapodophalangeal sesamoids from CD‐1 mice. An intimate cellular and structural relationship was documented in more detail than previously described between the sesamoid bone, tendon, and fibrocartilage enthesis at the metapodophalangeal joint. Sesamoid calcification began in 1‐week lateral sesamoids of the murine metacarpophalangeal joint of the second digit. All sesamoids were completely calcified by 4 weeks. Transmission electron microscopy of 2‐week metacarpophalangeal sesamoids revealed extensive Type I collagen in the associated tendon and fibrocartilage insertion sites and Type II collagen and proteoglycan networks in the interior of the sesamoid. No extracellular matrix vesicles were documented. The results demonstrate that murine sesamoid bones consist of cartilage elaborated by chondrocytes that predominantly synthesize and secrete Type II collagen and proteoglycan. Type II collagen and proteoglycans appear responsible for the onset and progression of mineral formation in this tissue. These data contribute to new understanding of the biochemistry, ultrastructure, and mineralization of sesamoids in relation to other bones and calcifying cartilage and tendon of vertebrates. They also reflect on the potentially important but currently uncertain function of sesamoids as serving as a fulcrum point along a tendon, foreshortening its length and altering advantageously its biomechanical properties with respect to tendon‐muscle interaction. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inflammation‐Induced Intussusceptive Angiogenesis in Murine Colitis
Authors: Konerding Moritz A. , Turhan Aslihan , Ravnic Dino J. , Lin Miao , Fuchs Christine , Secomb Timothy W. , Tsuda Akira , Mentzer Steven J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIntussusceptive angiogenesis is a morphogenetic process that forms new blood vessels by the division of a single blood vessel into two lumens. Here, we show that this process of intraluminal division participates in the inflammation‐induced neovascularization associated with chemically induced murine colitis. In studies of both acute (4–7 days) and chronic (28–31 days) colitis, intravital microscopy of intravascular tracers demonstrated a twofold reduction in blood flow velocity. In the acute colitis model, the decreased velocity was associated with marked dilatation of the mucosal plexus. In contrast, chronic inflammation was associated with normal caliber vessels and duplication (and triplication) of the quasi‐polygonal mucosal plexus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of intravascular corrosion casts suggested that pillar formation and septation, previously linked to the morphogenetic process of intussusceptive angiogenesis, were present within days of the onset of inflammation. Four weeks after the onset of inflammation, SEM of vascular corrosion casts demonstrated replication of the mucosal plexus without significant evidence of sprouting angiogenesis. These data suggest that mucosal capillaries have comparable aggregate cross‐sectional area in acute and chronic colitis; however, there is a significant increase in functional capillary density in chronic colitis. We conclude that intussusceptive angiogenesis is a fundamental mechanism of microvascular adaptation to prolonged inflammation. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RECK Expression in the Rat Ventral Prostate: Response to Castration Involves a Balance Between Epithelial and Stromal Expression
Authors: Peters Helene , Augusto Taize Machado , Bruni‐cardoso Alexandre , Carvalho Hernandes F 
Published: March 2010

AbstractRECK is expressed in the rat ventral prostate. The amount of mRNA increased after castration. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a transition from epithelial to stromal expression. This demonstrates that stromal cells upregulate RECK expression to regulate matrix metalloproteinases activity responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) changes occurring after castration. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung eNOS and iNOS are Reoxygenation Time‐Dependent Upregulated After Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Rus Alma , Peinado Mª. Ángeles , Castro Lourdes , Del Moral Mª. Luisa 
Published: March 2010

AbstractNitric oxide plays a critical role in many physiological and physiopathological processes in the lung. Changes in the NO/NOS (Nitric Oxide/Nitric Oxide Synthase) system after hypoxia situations remain controversial in this organ, so that the aim of this work is to perform a complete study of this system in the hypoxic lung after different reoxygenation times ranging from 0 h to 5 days posthypoxia. This is a novel follow‐up study carried out in Wistar rats submitted for 30 min to acute hypobaric hypoxia. We measured endothelial and inducible NOS (eNOS, iNOS) mRNA and protein expression, location, and in situ NOS activity as well as nitrated protein expression and location. In addition, NO levels were indirectly quantified (NOx) as well as the apoptosis level. Results showed an increase in eNOS mRNA, protein, activity as well as eNOS positive immunostaining at 0 h posthypoxia, coinciding with raised NOx levels. Contrary, iNOS, nitrated protein expression and apoptosis level augmented during the final reoxygenation times. The lung NO/NOS system provokes two responses to the hypoxia/reoxygenation processes: (i) eNOS is responsible of the immediate response, producing NO, which causes vasodilation and bronchodilation, and (ii) iNOS is related to the second late response, which seems to be involved in some of the deleterious consequences that hypoxia induces in the lung. Anat Rec, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Investigation of Iodined Salicylimines, New Prototypes of Antimicrobial Drug Candidates
Authors: Xu Suo‐Ping , Lv Peng‐Cheng , Shi Lei , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractA series of 3,5‐diiodo‐salicylalidene Schiff bases (compounds 1–35) has been synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. The compounds were assayed for antibacterial activities by the MTT method. Some of the compounds inhibit the growth of a broad range of bacteria including the species of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae. Among them, compounds 2‐[(4‐chloro‐phenylimino)methyl]‐4,6‐diiodo‐phenol 11 and 2,4‐diiodo‐6‐[(2‐morpholin‐4‐yl‐ethylimino)methyl]phenol 19 showed the most potent antibacterial activity with MIC of 3.1, 12.9, 3.3, 6.5, 12.9, 3.3 and 3.2, 12.8, 3.2, 12.8, 12.8, 3.2 μM against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, E. Coli, and E. cloacae, respectively.
Synthesis of New 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives for Analgesic and Anti‐inflammatory Evaluation
Authors: El‐Sabbagh Osama I. , Ibrahim Samy M. , Baraka Mohamed M. , Kothayer Hend 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStarting from isatoic anhydrides, several new 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one derivatives bearing chalcone or pyrazole or thiazole moieties at the third position were synthesized. The analgesic and anti‐inflammatory activities for most compounds were studied at a dose level of 50 mg/kg via the acetic‐acid‐induced writhing‐response method and carrageenan‐induced edema method, respectively. The study showed that the chalcones bearing a 4‐chlorophenyl group 4c or 4‐nitrophenyl group 4b were the most active ones as analgesics. Both chalcone 4c and N‐phenyl pyrazole bearing 4‐methoxy phenyl group 5b showed a higher anti‐inflammatory activity than celecoxib but still lower than that of diclofenac sodium. Moreover, the chalcone 4c has nearly the same ulcerogenic index as the selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor celecoxib.
Weighted hybrid clustering by combining text mining and bibliometrics on a large‐scale journal database
Authors: Liu Xinhai , Yu Shi , Janssens Frizo , Glänzel Wolfgang , Moreau Yves , De Moor Bart 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe propose a new hybrid clustering framework to incorporate text mining with bibliometrics in journal set analysis. The framework integrates two different approaches: clustering ensemble and kernel‐fusion clustering. To improve the flexibility and the efficiency of processing large‐scale data, we propose an information‐based weighting scheme to leverage the effect of multiple data sources in hybrid clustering. Three different algorithms are extended by the proposed weighting scheme and they are employed on a large journal set retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The clustering performance of the proposed algorithms is systematically evaluated using multiple evaluation methods, and they were cross‐compared with alternative methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed weighted hybrid clustering strategy is superior to other methods in clustering performance and efficiency. The proposed approach also provides a more refined structural mapping of journal sets, which is useful for monitoring and detecting new trends in different scientific fields.
A focused crawler for Dark Web forums
Authors: Fu Tianjun , Abbasi Ahmed , Chen Hsinchun 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe unprecedented growth of the Internet has given rise to the Dark Web, the problematic facet of the Web associated with cybercrime, hate, and extremism. Despite the need for tools to collect and analyze Dark Web forums, the covert nature of this part of the Internet makes traditional Web crawling techniques insufficient for capturing such content. In this study, we propose a novel crawling system designed to collect Dark Web forum content. The system uses a human‐assisted accessibility approach to gain access to Dark Web forums. Several URL ordering features and techniques enable efficient extraction of forum postings. The system also includes an incremental crawler coupled with a recall‐improvement mechanism intended to facilitate enhanced retrieval and updating of collected content. Experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the human‐assisted accessibility approach and the recall‐improvement‐based, incremental‐update procedure yielded favorable results. The human‐assisted approach significantly improved access to Dark Web forums while the incremental crawler with recall improvement also outperformed standard periodic‐ and incremental‐update approaches. Using the system, we were able to collect over 100 Dark Web forums from three regions. A case study encompassing link and content analysis of collected forums was used to illustrate the value and importance of gathering and analyzing content from such online communities.
Competency evaluation of plant character ontologies against domain literature
Authors: Cui Hong 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSpecimen identification keys are still the most commonly created tools used by systematic biologists to access biodiversity information. Creating identification keys requires analyzing and synthesizing large amounts of information from specimens and their descriptions and is a very labor‐intensive and time‐consuming activity. Automating the generation of identification keys from text descriptions becomes a highly attractive text mining application in the biodiversity domain. Fine‐grained semantic annotation of morphological descriptions of organisms is a necessary first step in generating keys from text. Machine‐readable ontologies are needed in this process because most biological characters are only implied (i.e., not stated) in descriptions. The immediate question to ask is “How well do existing ontologies support semantic annotation and automated key generation?” With the intention to either select an existing ontology or develop a unified ontology based on existing ones, this paper evaluates the coverage, semantic consistency, and inter‐ontology agreement of a biodiversity character ontology and three plant glossaries that may be turned into ontologies. The coverage and semantic consistency of the ontology/glossaries are checked against the authoritative domain literature, namely, Flora of North America and Flora of China. The evaluation results suggest that more work is needed to improve the coverage and interoperability of the ontology/glossaries. More concepts need to be added to the ontology/glossaries and careful work is needed to improve the semantic consistency. The method used in this paper to evaluate the ontology/glossaries can be used to propose new candidate concepts from the domain literature and suggest appropriate definitions.
A diversity optimized combinatorial library for the identification of Fc‐fragment binding ligands
Authors: Nielsen Anders L. , Jørgensen Flemming S. , Olsen Lars , Christensen Søren F. , Benie Andrew J. , Bjørnholm Thomas , St. Hilaire Phaedria M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo generate a library covering a relatively wide area of the chemical space, molecular descriptors, and multivariate data analysis were combined to select the building blocks required for generating a diversity optimized library of putative Fc‐fragment binding ligands. In such a method of library design, structural information about the target protein is not needed. Synthesis of the resulting 770 member virtual library was carried out using encoded beads, which facilitated rapid identification of the subsequent hits. The library was screened in an on‐bead fluorescence assay with immunoglobulin G Fc‐fragment of the subtype 4 to identify Fc‐fragment binding ligands that would be useful for purifying monoclonal antibodies. An analysis of the positions of the hits in the chemical space revealed that the ones with the highest fluorescence were primarily concentrated in a particular part of the chemical space. One of the identified hits, when immobilized on amino sepharose, was able to purify a monoclonal antibody from crude cell supernatant with purity of 84% and a 70% recovery. The chemometric tools employed for the library design allowed the identification of the fraction of the available chemical space that would be preferred for a second generation library. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 192–205, 2010.
Transglutaminase‐mediated methods for site‐selective modification of human growth hormone
Authors: Buchardt Jens , Selvig Helle , Nielsen Per Franklin , Johansen Nils Langeland 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTwo methods for the site‐selective modification of native human growth hormone (hGH) using microbial transglutaminase were developed. In the first method, 1,3‐bisaminoxypropane was attached to hGH, providing a direct incorporation of reactive aminoxy groups for further modification. The reaction was shown to be selective for Gln141, with minor modification at Gln40. In the second method, modified glutamine substrates were developed for attachment to Lys145 in hGH. A series of glutamine‐substrates were screened, and it was shown that microbial transglutaminase was selective towards substitutions on the glutamine core structure. Products from both methods could be transformed to site selectively mono‐PEGylated hGH‐derivatives in good isolated yield. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 229–235, 2010.
Oxidative folding of hepcidin at acidic pH
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Diamond Stephanie , Arvedson Tara , Sasu Barbra J. , Miranda Les P. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractHepcidin is a four disulfide 25‐residue peptide hormone which has a central role in the regulation of iron homeostasis. To support studies on hepcidin we have sought to establish reliable and robust synthetic methods for the preparation of correctly folded materials. While correctly‐folded hepcidin has good aqueous solubility, we have found that its direct synthetic precursor, linear (reduced) hepcidin peptide, is resistant to solubilization, prone to precipitation at pH ≥ 6, and thus difficult to fold efficiently. Attempts to directly fold either the crude or purified linear hepcidin peptide by air or DMSO oxidation methods under basic conditions were ineffective. However, addition of a glutathione redox pair system improved folding of purified linear hepcidin at mild basic pH (pH 7.5). Under acidic conditions, it was possible to oxidatively fold both crude and purified hepcidin using a polymer‐supported oxidizing strategy. Peptide precipitation was also avoided under acidic conditions. Isolated folding yields of human hepcidin under acidic polymer‐assisted conditions were superior to yields under basic folding conditions. These studies enabled identification of a reliable synthetic route for correctly‐folded hepcidin. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 257–264, 2010.
Value of combined 6-[18F]fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine PET/CT for imaging of neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Schiesser M , Veit-Haibach P , Muller M K , Weber M , Bauerfeind P , Hany T , Clavien P-A 
Published: March 2010

Abstract

Background
Accurate knowledge of tumour presence and location is essential to treat neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Standard imaging has been hampered by low sensitivity and lack of spatial resolution. This study assessed prospectively the diagnostic value and impact of combined 6-[18F]fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine positron emission tomography–computed tomography (18F-DOPA-PET/CT) in the management of NET.

Methods
18F-DOPA-PET/CT findings in 61 patients with suspected NET were compared with a composite reference standard including somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS), magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, histological examination and clinical follow-up. The impact on clinical management was estimated by calculating the proportion of patients whose treatment changed as a result of 18F-DOPA-PET/CT findings.

Results
18F-DOPA-PET/CT correctly identified 32 of 36 patients with NET. The sensitivity and specificity of 18F-DOPA-PET/CT for the detection of NET were 91 and 96 per cent respectively. Sensitivity using SRS was significantly lower (59 per cent), whereas the specificity was similar (86 per cent). In 16 (26 per cent) of the 61 patients the management was altered as a result of new findings on 18F-DOPA-PET/CT.

Conclusion
18F-DOPA-PET/CT yields a high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of NET. The clinical impact was highly relevant as changes in therapy were observed in more than a quarter of the patients.
Platycodin D Improves the Immunogenicity of Newcastle Disease Virus‐Based Recombinant Avian Influenza Vaccine in Mice
Authors: Xie Yong , Sun Hong‐Xiang , Li Duo 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe development of an effective influenza vaccine is urgently important for controlling outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and reducing the impact of pandemics. The use of an adjuvant in such a vaccine can significantly contribute to improve the immunogenicity. To explore a novel and safe adjuvant for improving the potency of influenza vaccines, platycodin D (1), a saponin from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum, was evaluated for the adjuvant potentials on the specific cellular and humoral immune responses to Newcastle disease virus‐based recombinant avian influenza vaccine (rL‐H5) in mice. Compound 1 significantly promoted the concanavalin A (Con A)‐, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐, and the antigen‐induced splenocyte proliferation and enhanced the serum antigen‐specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers (P<0.05, P<0.01, or P<0.001) in mice immunized with rL‐H5. The mRNA expressions of Th1/Th2 cytokines (IFN‐γ and IL‐10) and transcription factors (T‐bet and GATA‐3) in splenocytes were also markedly up‐regulated by 1, compared with the control group immunized with rL‐H5 alone (P<0.01 or P<0.001). In addition, 1 remarkably increased the killing activities of natural killer (NK) cells from splenocytes in the immunized mice (P<0.05), which may have important implications for the vaccination against the avian influenza virus. We concluded that 1 could improve the immunogenicity of the rL‐H5 vaccine by enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, and that 1 is a promising adjuvant for influenza vaccines.
A knowledge‐based approach for screening chemical structures withinde novomolecular evolution
Authors: Chu Chunmei , Alsberg Bjørn Kåre 
Published: March 2010

AbstractDespite the advantage of employing evolutionary algorithms (EAs) forde novocreation of novel molecular structures with optimal properties, the approach is hampered by sampling chemically undesirable structures. Such structures are undesirable for different reasons, such as a critical structural pattern may be ignored or too many rotational degrees of freedom exist for conformational search. A new method is presented which creates a user‐defined structure filter, here referred to as the bias filter (BF)b, generated from a set of molecules representing typical structure types that are allowed to evolve in thede novoprocess. The BF can be seen as constraining the chemical structure space according to external requirements given by the user. No explicit programming of structure rules is necessary which makes the proposed method much more intuitive and user friendly than other methods commonly used inde novoapplications. We have tested the proposed method in the process of evolving a set of Factor Xa inhibitors where the aim is to create molecules with optimal logPvalues. Thede novoGeneGear system developed in our group is responsible for the corresponding evolutionary computation and bias filtering. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3,4,5,6‐Tetrafluorophenylnitren‐2‐yl: A Ground‐State Quartet Triradical
Authors: Grote Dirk , Finke Christopher , Kossmann Simone , Neese Frank , Sander Wolfram 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe photochemistry of 2‐iodo‐3,4,5,6‐tetrafluorophenyl azide (7 d) has been investigated in argon and neon matrices at 4 K, and the products characterized by IR and EPR spectroscopy. The primary photochemical step is loss of a nitrogen molecule and formation of phenyl nitrene 1 d. Further irradiation with UV or visible light results in mixtures of 1 d with azirine 5 d′, ketenimine 6 d′, nitreno radical 2 d, and azirinyl radical 9. The relative amounts of these products strongly depend on the matrix and on the irradiation conditions. Nitreno radical 2 d with a quartet ground state was characterized by EPR spectroscopy. Electronic structure calculations in combination with the experimental results allow for a detailed understanding of the properties of this unusual new type of organic high‐spin molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism of In5S5Cl — X‐Ray and HRTEM‐Investigations.
Authors: Nickel Vera , Deiseroth Hans‐Joerg , Kienle Lorenz , Duppel Viola , Reiner Christof 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Apparently Regular Octahedral Coordination of Ag(II) in IF6[Ag(SbF6)3].
Authors: Mazej Zoran , Goreshnik Evgeny , Arcon Iztok , Zabukovec Logar Natasa , Kaucic Venceslav 
Published: March 2010

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.