bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein levels in enteral feeds: do these meet requirements in children with severe cerebral palsy?
Authors: Schoendorfer Niikee , Tinggi Ujang , Sharp Nita , Boyd Roslyn , Vitetta Luis , Davies Peter S. W. 
Published: November 2011

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have been documented to have feeding difficulties, which increase in line with condition severity and result in lowered growth potential. Much nutrition literature surrounds energy intake and expenditure in these children, with less information available on other parameters such as protein and micronutrients, which are also important for growth and development. We examined differences in protein intake and a variety of protein metabolism indices in children with CP compared with controls. A total of twenty-four children aged 4–12 years with marked CP fed orally (O,n15) or enterally (E,n9) were recruited, including age-matched typically developing children (C,n24). Fasting blood samples were analysed for levels of albumin, creatinine, urea and urate. Parents collected an exact food replica for three consecutive days of their child's actual intake, which were directly analysed for protein content. Significant differences were found in protein intakes between the groups (mean percentage minimum requirements: E = 178 (sd47); O = 208 (sd95); C = 311 (sd119),P = 0·005). Despite all children consuming over recommended levels, children with CP had significantly reduced levels of the protein metabolic indices compared with controls. These include asz-scores: albumin mean C = 0·71 (sd1·04) and CP = − 0·17 (sd1·60),P = 0·03; creatinine C = − 2·06 (sd0·46) and CP = − 3·11 (sd0·98),P < 0·001; urate C = 0·18 (sd0·62) and CP = − 0·58 (sd0·93),P = 0·002.Post hocanalysis, the present data show potentially greater protein metabolism issues in enterally fed children, compared with the other groups. This may also support recent literature that suggests shortfalls in current recommendations.
Unusual variants of midline nasal dermoid cysts: a series of three cases
Authors: Locke R , Kubba H 
Published: November 2011

AbstractObjective:Dermoids presenting in early life with a sinus tract along the midline of the nasal dorsum are well described. We present three very unusual variants of this condition.Methods:Case one was a two-year-old child with a pit in the philtrum of the lip. The tract pierced the nasal spine and extended towards the crista galli. Case two was a 15-month-old child with two separate sinus openings on the dorsum, one below and one above a dermoid cyst. Case three was a 17-year-old adolescent with neurological disability. Scanning showed a dermoid cyst deep in the anterior skull base, but the sinus tract had been obliterated by bony overgrowth due to long term use of antiepileptic medication.Results:Cases one and two were successfully managed by complete excision via an external rhinoplasty approach. Case three, in contrast, was not operated upon due to bony obliteration of the sinus tract.Conclusion:Surgeons dealing with nasal dermoids must be able to adapt to the variable anatomical and clinical features of these lesions.
MARKETS AND CULTURES: MEDICAL SPECIFICS AND THE RECONFIGURATION OF THE BODY IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE
Authors: Cook Harold J. 
Published: November 2011

ABSTRACTThe history of the body is of course contested territory. Postmodern interpretations in particular have moved it from a history of scientific knowledge of its structure and function toward histories of the various meanings, identities and experiences constructed about it. Underlying such interpretations have been large and important claims about the unfortunate consequences of the rise of a political economy associated with capitalism and medicalisation. In contradistinction, this paper offers a view of that historical process in a manner in keeping with materialism rather than in opposition to it. To do so, it examines a general change in body perceptions common to most of the literature: a shift from the body as a highly individualistic and variable subject to a more universal object, so that alterations in one person's body could be understood to represent how alterations in other human bodies occurred. It then suggests that one of the chief causes of that change was the growing vigour of the market for remedies that could be given to anyone, without discrimination according to temperament, gender, ethnicity, social status or other variables in the belief that they would cure quietly and effectively. One of the most visible remedies of this kind was a ‘specific’, the Peruvian, or Jesuits’ bark. While views about specific drugs were contested, the development of a market for medicinals that worked universally helped to promote the view that human bodies are physiologically alike.
ZDependence of Electron Scattering by Single Atoms into Annular Dark-Field Detectors
Authors: Treacy Michael M.J. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractA simple parameterization is presented for the elastic electron scattering cross sections from single atoms into the annular dark-field (ADF) detector of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The dependence on atomic number,Z, and inner reciprocal radius of the annular detector,q0, of the cross section σ(Z,q0) is expressed by the empirical relationwhereA(q0) is the cross section for hydrogen (Z= 1), and the detector is assumed to have a large outer reciprocal radius. Using electron elastic scattering factors determined from relativistic Hartree-Fock simulations of the atomic electron charge density, values of the exponentn(Z,q0) are tabulated as a function ofZandq0, for STEM probe sizes of 1.0 and 2.0 Å.Comparison with recently published experimental data for single-atom scattering [Krivanek et al. (2010).Nature464, 571–574] suggests that experimentally measured exponent values are systematically lower than the values predicted for elastic scattering from low-Zatoms. It is proposed that this discrepancy arises from the inelastic scattering contribution to the ADF signal. A simple expression is proposed that corrects the exponentn(Z,q0) for inelastic scattering into the annular detector.
Teledynamic Evaluation of Oropharyngeal Swallowing
Authors: Malandraki Georgia A. , McCullough Gary , He Xuming , McWeeny Elizabeth , Perlman Adrienne L. 
Published: November 2011

Purpose
The objective of the present investigation was to test the feasibility and clinical utility of a real-time Internet-based protocol for remote, telefluoroscopic evaluation of oropharyngeal swallowing.

Method
In this prospective cohort study, the authors evaluated 32 patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke or head/neck cancer. All patients participated in 2 separate fluoroscopic swallowing evaluations—one traditional on site and one telefluoroscopic off site—through the use of a telemedicine system. Agreement between sites was tested for 3 categories of variables: (a) overall severity of swallowing difficulty, (b) presence and extent of laryngeal penetration and aspiration as rated by the 8-point Penetration-Aspiration scale, and (c) treatment recommendations.

Results
Results showed overall good agreement in subjective severity ratings (κ = 0.636) and in Penetration-Aspiration scale ratings (mean absolute difference = 1.1 points) between the onsite and offsite clinicians. Agreement in treatment recommendations was moderate to high, ranging from 69.3% to 100%.

Conclusions
The present study supports the feasibility and clinical utility of a telemedicine system for evaluating oropharyngeal swallowing. Given the difficulty and expertise needed to complete such evaluations, this study offers promising clinical avenues for patients in rural, remote, and underserved communities and countries where expert swallowing specialists are not available.
Concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors is not associated with major adverse cardiovascular events following coronary stent implantation
Authors: Schmidt M. , Johansen M. B. , Robertson D. J. , Maeng M. , Kaltoft A. , Jensen L. O. , Tilsted H.‐H. , Bøtker H. E. , Sørensen H. T. , Baron J. A. 
Published: November 2011

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 165–174SummaryBackground  Cytochrome P450 inhibition by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may attenuate the effectiveness of clopidogrel.Aim  To examine whether PPI use modifies the association between clopidogrel use and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation, using time‐varying drug exposure ascertainment.Methods  We conducted this population‐based cohort study in Western Denmark (population 3 million) using medical databases. We identified all 13 001 patients with coronary stent implantation between 2002 and 2005 and ascertained their reported comorbidities. During the recommended 12‐month postintervention treatment period, we tracked use of clopidogrel and PPI and the rate of MACE. We used Cox regression to compute hazard ratios (HRs), controlling for potential confounders.Results  During follow‐up, one or more prescriptions were redeemed by 91% of patients for clopidogrel and by 21% of patients for PPIs. Of the patients, 15% experienced a MACE. The adjusted HR for MACE comparing clopidogrel use with non‐use was 0.57 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.44–0.74] among PPI users and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.42–0.53) among PPI non‐users, yielding an interaction effect (i.e. relative rate increase) of 1.20 (95% CI: 0.91–1.58). PPI users treated from before PCI had a 25% increased rate of MACE compared to PPI non‐users, independent of clopidogrel use [adjusted HR = 1.24 (95% CI: 0.97–1.58) for clopidogrel users and 1.26 (95% CI: 0.97–1.63) for clopidogrel non‐users].Conclusions  The use of PPIs as a class did not modify the protective effect of clopidogrel, but its use was associated with major adverse cardiovascular events itself, particularly among patients having used PPIs before percutaneous coronary intervention.
Interactions between climate and habitat loss effects on biodiversity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mantyka‐pringle Chrystal S. , Martin Tara G. , Rhodes Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractClimate change and habitat loss are both key threatening processes driving the global loss in biodiversity. Yet little is known about their synergistic effects on biological populations due to the complexity underlying both processes. If the combined effects of habitat loss and climate change are greater than the effects of each threat individually, current conservation management strategies may be inefficient and at worst ineffective. Therefore, there is a pressing need to identify whether interacting effects between climate change and habitat loss exist and, if so, quantify the magnitude of their impact. In this article, we present a meta‐analysis of studies that quantify the effect of habitat loss on biological populations and examine whether the magnitude of these effects depends on current climatic conditions and historical rates of climate change. We examined 1319 papers on habitat loss and fragmentation, identified from the past 20 years, representing a range of taxa, landscapes, land‐uses, geographic locations and climatic conditions. We find that current climate and climate change are important factors determining the negative effects of habitat loss on species density and/or diversity. The most important determinant of habitat loss and fragmentation effects, averaged across species and geographic regions, was current maximum temperature, with mean precipitation change over the last 100 years of secondary importance. Habitat loss and fragmentation effects were greatest in areas with high maximum temperatures. Conversely, they were lowest in areas where average rainfall has increased over time. To our knowledge, this is the first study to conduct a global terrestrial analysis of existing data to quantify and test for interacting effects between current climate, climatic change and habitat loss on biological populations. Understanding the synergistic effects between climate change and other threatening processes has critical implications for our ability to support and incorporate climate change adaptation measures into policy development and management response.
Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis: The GA2LEN survey in Europe
Authors: Jarvis D. , Newson R. , Lotvall J. , Hastan D. , Tomassen P. , Keil T. , Gjomarkaj M. , Forsberg B. , Gunnbjornsdottir M. , Minov J. , Brozek G. , Dahlen S. E. , Toskala E. , Kowalski M. L. , Olze H. , Howarth P. , Krämer U. , Baelum J. , Loureiro C. , Kasper L. , Bousquet P. J. , Bousquet J. , Bachert C. , Fokkens W. , Burney P. 
Published: November 2011

To cite this article: Jarvis D, Newson R, Lotvall J, Hastan D, Tomassen P, Keil T, Gjomarkaj M, Forsberg B, Gunnbjornsdottir M, Minov J, Brozek G, Dahlen SE, Toskala E, Kowalski ML, Olze H, Howarth P, Krämer U, Baelum J, Loureiro C, Kasper L, Bousquet PJ, Bousquet J, Bachert C, Fokkens W, Burney P. Asthma in adults and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis: The GA2LEN survey in Europe. Allergy 2012; 67: 91–98.AbstractBackground:  The prevalence of asthma and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have not been widely studied in population‐based epidemiological surveys.Methods:  The Global Allergy and Asthma Network of Excellence (GA2LEN) conducted a postal questionnaire in representative samples of adults living in Europe to assess the presence of asthma and CRS defined by the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps. The prevalence of self‐reported current asthma by age group was determined. The association of asthma with CRS in each participating centre was assessed using logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, sex and smoking, and the effect estimates were combined using standard methods of meta‐analysis.Results:  Over 52 000 adults aged 18–75 years and living in 19 centres in 12 countries took part. In most centres, and overall, the reported prevalence of asthma was lower in older adults (adjusted OR for 65–74 years compared with 15–24 years: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.81). In all centres, there was a strong association of asthma with CRS (adjusted OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 3.20–3.76) at all ages. The association with asthma was stronger in those reporting both CRS and allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 11.85; 95% CI: 10.57–13.17). CRS in the absence of nasal allergies was positively associated with late‐onset asthma.Conclusion:  Geographical variation in the prevalence of self‐reported asthma was observed across Europe, but overall, self‐reported asthma was more common in young adults, women and smokers. In all age groups, men and women, and irrespective of smoking behaviour, asthma was also associated with CRS.
Anti‐IL‐33 antibody has a therapeutic effect in a murine model of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Kim Y. H. , Yang T. Y. , Park C.‐S. , Ahn S.‐H. , Son B. K. , Kim J. H. , Lim D. H. , Jang T. Y. 
Published: November 2011

To cite this article: Kim YH, Yang TY, Park C‐S, Ahn S‐H, Son BK, Kim JH, Lim DH, Jang TY. Anti‐IL‐33 antibody has a therapeutic effect in a murine model of allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2012; 67: 183–190.Abstract
Background:  Interleukin (IL)‐33 is involved in the Th2 immune response and could play an essential role in nasal allergy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of anti‐IL‐33 for allergic rhinitis (AR).
Methods:  Twenty‐four BALB/c mice were used. In group A (control group, n = 6), mice were sensitized and challenged with saline. Group B [ovalbumin (OVA) group, n = 6] mice received intraperitoneal and intranasal OVA challenge. In group C (control IgG group, n = 6), mice were injected intraperitoneally with rabbit control IgG before OVA challenge. In group D (anti‐IL‐33 group, n = 6), anti‐IL‐33 was injected before challenge. We evaluated the number of nose‐scratching events and external morphology; serum total and OVA‐specific IgE; number of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid; histopathologic examination of nasal cavity; and IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in BAL fluid.
Results:  Anti‐IL‐33 treatment significantly reduced the nose‐scratching events and ameliorated skin denudation. Serum total and OVA‐specific IgE was significantly decreased in group D. The number of eosinophils in BAL fluid was also significantly decreased. Eosinophilic infiltration in the nasal cavity was significantly decreased in group D. IL‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in BAL fluid were also significantly decreased after treatment.
Conclusions:  Anti‐IL‐33 antibody has a therapeutic potential for experimental AR.
Investigation into Developmental Potential and Nuclear/Mitochondrial Function in Early Wood and Plains Bison Hybrid Embryos*
Authors: Seaby RP , Mackie P , King WA , Mastromonaco GF 
Published: November 2011

ContentsStudies to date have shown that bison embryo development in vitro is compromised with few embryos developing to the blastocyst stage. The aim of this study was to use bison–cattle hybrid embryos, an interspecific cross that is known to result in live offspring in vivo, as a model for assessing species‐specific differences in embryo development in vitro. Cattle oocytes fertilized with cattle, plains bison and wood bison sperm were assessed for various developmental parameters associated with embryo quality, including cell number, apoptosis and ATP content. Decreased development to the blastocyst stage was observed in hybrid wood bison embryos compared with the other treatment groups. Although both wood bison and plains bison hybrid blastocysts had significantly lower cell numbers than cattle blastocysts, only wood bison hybrid blastocysts had a greater incidence of apoptosis than cattle blastocysts. Among the treatment groups, ATP levels and expression profiles of NRF1, TFAM, MT‐CYB, BAX and BCL2 were not significantly different in both 8‐ to 16‐cell stage and blastocyst stage embryos. These data provide evidence of decreased developmental competence in the wood bison hybrid embryos, owing to inadequate culture conditions that have increased apoptotic events.
Extended versus limited lymph node dissection in radical cystectomy: Impact on recurrence pattern and survival
Authors: Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard , Ulhøi Benedicte Parm , Jensen Klaus Møller‐Ernst 
Published: November 2011

Objectives:  To compare recurrence patterns and survival of patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder undergoing radical cystectomy and extended or limited lymph node dissection.Methods:  From a consecutive series of 469 patients undergoing radical cystectomy, two different historical cohorts were constructed; one with 265 patients intentionally undergoing extended lymph node dissection and one with 204 patients undergoing limited lymph node dissection.Results:  Early lymph node recurrences were more frequently located outside the pelvic region in patients from the extended lymph node dissection cohort, whereas the overall risk of recurrence was not reduced by carrying out an extended lymph node dissection compared with the limited lymph node dissection cohort (8% vs 6%, P = 0.5). However, positive node patients had a significantly better prognosis after extended lymph node dissection (5‐year disease‐specific survival 29% vs 8%, P = 0.002). Improved survival was also found in negative node patients with non‐organ confined tumors undergoing extended lymph node dissection compared with limited lymph node dissection (5‐year disease‐specific survival 76% vs 62%, P = 0.008). A total of 16 positive node patients (6%) in the extended lymph node dissection cohort were identified as possible stage migrators with metastasis exclusively in lymph nodes outside the limited template. A total of 5% of patients undergoing extended lymph node dissection had an evident survival benefit of an extended lymph node dissection compared with a limited lymph node dissection.Conclusions:  Extended lymph node dissection provides more accurate nodal staging than a limited lymph node dissection. However, recurrence patterns are not significantly altered by extending the limits of lymph node dissection, suggesting a survival benefit only in a minority of patients. Improved survival is more likely in patients with locally advanced disease.
Alcohol consumption and female urinary incontinence: A community‐based study in Japan
Authors: Lee Andy H , Hirayama Fumi 
Published: November 2011

Objectives:  To investigate the association between alcohol consumption and urinary incontinence among Japanese women.Methods:  A total of 300 women aged 40–75 years were recruited from the community in middle and southern Japan. A validated food frequency questionnaire was given face‐to‐face to obtain information on dietary intake and habitual alcohol consumption. Urinary incontinence status was ascertained using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form.Results:  Among the 298 eligible participants, 82 women (27.5%) experienced urine leakage. The prevalence of alcohol drinking and mean ethanol intake were slightly higher among the incontinent women (39%; 7.1, standard deviation 24.1 g/day) than others without the condition (35.6%; 4.3, standard deviation 10.7 g/day). Relative to non‐drinkers, the adjusted odds ratios of urinary incontinence were 1.31 (95% confidence interval 0.74–2.33) for alcohol drinking and 1.69 (95% confidence interval 0.42–6.81) for ethanol intake over 32 g/day, though the increases in risk did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions:  Little association is evident between alcohol consumption and urinary incontinence in middle‐aged and older Japanese women. Further studies are required to define the role of alcohol as a contributing factor of this distressing condition.
Environmental factors determining ammonia‐oxidizing organism distribution and diversity in marine environments
Authors: Bouskill Nicholas J. , Eveillard Damien , Chien Diana , Jayakumar Amal , Ward Bess B. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryAmmonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) play a vital role in bridging the input of fixed nitrogen, through N‐fixation and remineralization, to its loss by denitrification and anammox. Yet the major environmental factors determining AOB and AOA population dynamics are little understood, despite both groups having a wide environmental distribution. This study examined the relative abundance of both groups of ammonia‐oxidizing organisms (AOO) and the diversity of AOA across large‐scale gradients in temperature, salinity and substrate concentration and dissolved oxygen. The relative abundance of AOB and AOA varied across environments, with AOB dominating in the freshwater region of the Chesapeake Bay and AOA more abundant in the water column of the coastal and open ocean. The highest abundance of the AOA amoA gene was recorded in the oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) of the Eastern Tropical South Pacific (ETSP) and the Arabian Sea (AS). The ratio of AOA : AOB varied from 0.7 in the Chesapeake Bay to 1600 in the Sargasso Sea. Relative abundance of both groups strongly correlated with ammonium concentrations. AOA diversity, as determined by phylogenetic analysis of clone library sequences and archetype analysis from a functional gene DNA microarray, detected broad phylogenetic differences across the study sites. However, phylogenetic diversity within physicochemically congruent stations was more similar than would be expected by chance. This suggests that the prevailing geochemistry, rather than localized dispersal, is the major driving factor determining OTU distribution.