bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing seromuscular layer and serosa removal on intestinal permeability measurements in weaned piglet everted sac segments
Authors: Noorman Lonneke , van der Hee Bart , Gilbert Myrthe S , de Vries Sonja , van der Hoek Sylvia , Gerrits Walter J J 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The integrity of the intestinal barrier is crucial for regulating the passage of pathogens and toxins, while facilitating nutrient absorption. The everted gut sac technique, an ex-vivo technique, can be used to study interventions on barrier function. This cost-effective approach utilizes relatively large gut segments to study specific intestinal regions. Typically, intact (non-stripped) intestinal segments are used, but their use may underestimate permeability due to the medial positioning of blood vessels relative to the seromuscular layer and serosa. However, removing these layers risks physical damage, resulting in an overestimation of intestinal permeability. Therefore, we investigated the impact of stripping jejunal segments on permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC, 4 kDa) and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-dextran (TRITC, 40 kDa), and on the absorption of glucose, lysine, and methionine in jejunal segments from 80 piglets at 8 d postweaning. Piglets were subjected to either high or low sanitary housing conditions and diets provoking intestinal protein fermentation or not, expected to influence intestinal permeability. Stripping of the seromuscular layer and serosa increased the passage of 4 kDa FITC-dextran (stripped vs. non-stripped; 1.1 vs. 0.9 pmol/cm2/min, P &lt; 0.001), glucose (40.0 vs. 19.1 pmol/cm2/min, P &lt; 0.001), lysine (2.5 vs. 2.0 nmol/cm2/min, P &lt; 0.001), and methionine (4.1 vs. 2.7 pmol/cm2/min, P &lt; 0.001). As permeability increased, the differences in methionine passage between stripped and non-stripped intestinal segments also increased (slope = 1.30, P = 0.009). The coefficients of variation were comparable between stripped and non-stripped intestines (over all treatments, stripped vs. non-stripped 38% vs. 40%). Stripping, by isolating mucosal processes without introducing additional variation, is thus recommended for studies on intestinal permeability or absorption.
A Prospective Analysis of Screen-Detected Cancers Recalled and Not Recalled by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Smith Samantha J , Bradley Sally Anne , Walker-Stabeler Katie , Siafakas Michael 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Objective
The use of artificial intelligence has potential in assisting many aspects of imaging interpretation. We undertook a prospective service evaluation from March to October 2022 of Mammography Intelligent Assessment (MIA) operating “silently” within our Breast Screening Service, with a view to establishing its performance in the local population and setting. This evaluation addressed the performance of standalone MIA vs conventional double human reading of mammograms.

Methods
MIA analyzed 8779 screening events over an 8-month period. The MIA outcome did not influence the decisions made on the clinical pathway. Cases were reviewed approximately 6 weeks after the screen reading decision when human reading and/or MIA indicated a recall.

Results
There were 146 women with positive concordance between human reading and MIA (human reader and MIA recalled) in whom 58 breast cancers were detected. There were 270 women with negative discordance (MIA no recall, human reader recall) for whom 19 breast cancers and 1 breast lymphoma were detected, with 1 cancer being an incidental finding at assessment. Six hundred and four women had positive discordance (MIA recall, human reader no recall) in whom 2 breast cancers were detected at review. The breast cancers demonstrated a wide spectrum of mammographic features, sites, sizes, and pathologies, with no statistically significant difference in features between the negative discordant and positive concordant cases.

Conclusion
Of 79 breast cancers identified by human readers, 18 were not identified by MIA, and these had no specific features or site to suggest a systematic error for MIA analysis of 2D screening mammograms.
Tips for Addressing Screening Concerns: “Harms of Screening”
Authors: Choe Angela I , Kaya Aumann Emel , Kasales Claudia , Chetlen Alison , Sivarajah Rebecca 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Early detection decreases deaths from breast cancer. Yet, there are conflicting recommendations about screening mammography by major professional medical organizations, including the age and frequency with which women should be screened. The controversy over breast cancer screening is centered on 3 main points: the impact on mortality, overdiagnosis, and false positive results. Some studies claim that adverse psychological effects such as anxiety or distress are caused by screening mammography. The purpose of this article is to address negative breast cancer screening concerns including overdiagnosis and overtreatment, effect on mortality, false positive results, mammography-related anxiety, and fear of radiation.
Induction of the antiviral factors APOBEC3A and RSAD2 upon CCL2 neutralization in primary human macrophages involves NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and gp130 signaling
Authors: Covino Daniela Angela , Farina Iole , Catapano Laura , Sozzi Silvia , Spadaro Francesca , Cecchetti Serena , Purificato Cristina , Gauzzi Maria Cristina , Fantuzzi Laura 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The CCL2/CC chemokine receptor 2 axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. We previously reported that exposure of monocyte-derived macrophages to CCL2 neutralizing antibody (αCCL2 Ab) restricted HIV-1 replication at postentry steps of the viral life cycle. This effect was associated with induction of transcripts coding for innate antiviral proteins, including APOBEC3A and RSAD2. This study aimed at identifying the signaling pathways involved in induction of these factors by CCL2 blocking in monocyte-derived macrophages. Through a combination of pharmacologic inhibition, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and confocal laser-scanning microscopy, we demonstrated that CCL2 neutralization activates the canonical NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways, as assessed by time-dependent phosphorylation of IκB, STAT1, and STAT3 and p65 nuclear translocation. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition of IκB kinase and JAKs strongly reduced APOBEC3A and RSAD2 transcript accumulation elicited by αCCL2 Ab treatment. Interestingly, exposure of monocyte-derived macrophages to αCCL2 Ab resulted in induction of IL-6 family cytokines, and interference with glycoprotein 130, the common signal-transducing receptor subunit shared by these cytokines, inhibited APOBEC3A and RSAD2 upregulation triggered by CCL2 neutralization. These results provide novel insights into the signal transduction pathways underlying the activation of innate responses triggered by CCL2 neutralization in macrophages. Since this response was found to be associated with protective antiviral effects, the new findings may help design innovative therapeutic approaches targeting CCL2 to strengthen host innate immunity.
Short and Long Run Effects of Leniency Programs on Cartel Stability and Prosecution
Authors: Borrell Joan-Ramon , García Carmen , Jiménez Juan Luis , Ordóñez-de-Haro José Manuel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of leniency programs on cartel duration, cartel fines, and the length of investigations, providing empirical insights that contribute to the ongoing debate regarding their theoretical and empirical implications. The introduction of leniency programs in two different jurisdictions (EU and Spain) at different times and the exogeneity of the introduction date enable us to identify their impact using difference-in-differences estimations. We empirically show that leniency programs, by destabilizing existing cartels, allow for the detection of the longer-lasting ones in the short run. In the long run, our results suggest that destabilization effects prevail, and leniency programs discourage the creation of new cartels. Specifically, our findings indicate that the duration of detected cartels almost doubles in the short run and nearly halves in the long run. Finally, our study reveals that the introduction of leniency programs results in a significant increase in the average fines per cartel case, both before and after taking into account the fine reductions resulting from these programs. This suggests that leniency programs contribute to stronger sanctions against cartels, enhancing their general deterrent effect. However, our findings also indicate that leniency programs lengthen the average duration of cartel investigations, which may hinder the ability of competition authorities to proactively pursue other cases.
An Analysis of Political Identity Development in State Forest Advisory Groups
Authors: Mallory Gavriela , Crandall Mindy S , Hajjar Reem , Leahy Jessica 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purposive stakeholder involvement in public lands management has grown in the United States in recent decades. These collaborative efforts can serve land managers by increasing available resources, fostering creativity, and augmenting public buy-in to processes and outcomes. Whereas such advantages seem to reflect the benefit of democratic norms, few studies have assessed the democratic legitimacy of collaborative natural resource planning initiatives. Additionally, although collaboration on federal lands has been studied extensively, little is documented about stakeholder engagement in state lands management. Through a comparative case study of state forest advisory groups in New York’s High Peaks Region and Oregon’s Elliott State Forest, this article assesses the democratic norm of political identity development by investigating how participants characterize their impacts. Results indicate that participants consistently influenced group processes and outcomes and changed personally through the work of deliberation. However, these impacts were mediated by inclusion and power dynamics at multiple scales.
Study Implications: Collaborative forest planning initiatives may benefit land managers by increasing available resources, promoting creativity, and developing public buy-in to processes and outcomes. Such benefits depend on impactful stakeholder participation; if collaborative initiatives only empower the historically powerful, advantages may be limited. This study uses participants’ perceived impacts in forest planning efforts as a partial proxy for the quality of collaboration. We demonstrate that participant perceptions of their impacts are shaped by inclusion, influence, process structure, conversational quality, and the duration of collaborative institutions. By attending to these factors, land managers can bolster the advantages of collaborative planning efforts.
Response of vegetation phenology to climate factors in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers
Authors: Jiang Qingqing , Yuan Zhe , Yin Jun , Yao Mingze , Qin Tianling , Lü Xizhi , Wu Guangdong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Exploring the impact of climate factors on vegetation phenology is crucial to understanding climate–vegetation interactions as well as carbon and water cycles in ecosystems in the context of climate change. In this article, we extracted the vegetation phenology data from 2002 to 2021 based on the dynamic threshold method in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Trend and correlation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between vegetation phenology and temperature, precipitation and their spatial evolution characteristics. The results showed that: (i) From 2002 to 2021, the multi-year average start of growing season (SOS), end of growing season (EOS) and length of growing season (LOS) for plants were concentrated in May, October and 4–6 months, with a trend of 4.9 days (earlier), 1.5 days (later), 6.3 days/10 a (longer), respectively. (ii) For every 100 m increase in elevation, SOS, EOS and LOS were correspondingly delayed by 1.8 days, advanced by 0.8 days and shortened by 2.6 days, respectively. (iii) The impacts of temperature and precipitation on vegetation phenology varied at different stages of vegetation growth. Influencing factors of spring phenology experienced a shift from temperature to precipitation, while autumn phenology experienced precipitation followed by temperature. (iv) The climate factors in the previous period significantly affected the vegetation phenology in the study area and the spatial variability was obvious. Specifically, the temperature in April significantly affected the spring phenology and precipitation in August widely affected the autumn phenology.
Case report: a case report of neoadjuvant mFOLFIRINOX leading to a partial pathologic response in pancreatic adenosquamous carcinoma
Authors: Vivekanandan Deepak Dev , Singh Hardeep , Royall Nelson Andrew 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A female in her 60s with vague abdominal symptoms was found to have a pancreatic mass in her CT scan. A core needle biopsy done endoscopically demonstrated a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient completed nine cycles of neoadjuvant systemic mFOLFIRINOX. Repeat staging demonstrated a partial radiographic response. She underwent an open pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with segmental superior mesenteric vein resection with primary reconstruction (ISGPS Type 3). The final pathology demonstrated a poorly differentiated adenosquamous carcinoma, R1 margin status. The case report demonstrates the effect of mFOLFIRINOX on pancreatic adenosquamous (PASC) carcinoma with a review of the microscopic pictures following the neoadjuvant therapy. It can be postulated that glandular component being the major component in a PASC has a good response to mFOLFIRINOX like that seen in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with some presumed effect on the squamous component as well. From the above case report, we are proposing that mFOLFIRINOX can be an effective chemotherapy regime in the management of PASC.
Evaluating the efficacy and clinical outcomes of minimally invasive laser interstitial thermal therapy in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Alare Kehinde , Adetunji Busayo , Jagunmolu Habiblah , Kayode Ayomide , Omoniyo Taiwo , Afolabi Samson , Tajudeen Qudus , Ogungbemi Bridget , Fagbenro Ayomide , Aderinto Nicholas 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a neurosurgical technique that has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its minimally invasive nature and ability to reduce the size of brain tumors. Advances in technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging thermometry and better laser probe design, have made LITT procedures more feasible and safe. Many studies have been conducted on using LITT to treat various conditions like tumors and epilepsy, but the specific uses for LITT are still evolving. In this article, we explain the basic principles of LITT, the process of performing the procedure, and both established and emerging applications for it. The effectiveness of LITT in treating recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) is not yet established. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze existing literature to determine the outcomes of patients with rGBM who undergo LITT.
Hydrogen recombination continua in stellar flares
Authors: Heinzel P 
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT
An increasing interest in stellar flares stimulated various modelling approaches in order to analyse the observed flare fluxes. A particular interest was focused on photometric data obtained from Kepler and TESS satellites which detected thousands of flares on cool dwarf stars, including extremely energetic superflares. Radiation-hydrodynamical simulations, together with a rather rare broad-band spectroscopy, indicate much larger densities in the superflare chromospheres as compared to solar flares. Formation of hydrogen recombination continua under such different densities ranging from 1013 to 1015 cm−3 or more is governed by physics of optically thin to largely thick plasmas, the continuum optical thickness being within the range of four orders of magnitude. Various authors presented simple approximate methods to analyse the photometric data from Kepler or TESS under such diverse regimes of physical conditions. In this letter, we summarize the general physical approach and compute the hydrogen recombination spectra under the above range of electron densities. We show the theoretical contrast with respect to quiet-star continuum for two characteristic stars of G and dMe type. Based on that we distinguish three regimes of the continuum formation and discuss the applicability of various simple approaches.
Multiomic analyses reveal key sectors of jasmonate-mediated defense responses in rice
Authors: Chen Yumeng , Jin Gaochen , Liu Mengyu , Wang Lanlan , Lou Yonggen , Baldwin Ian , Li Ran 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The phytohormone jasmonate (JA) plays a central role in plant defenses against biotic stressors. However, our knowledge of the JA signaling pathway in rice (Oryza sativa) remains incomplete. Here, we integrated multiomic data from three tissues to characterize the functional modules involved in organizing JA-responsive genes. In the core regulatory sector, MYC2 transcription factor transcriptional cascades are conserved in different species but with distinct regulators (e.g. bHLH6 in rice), in which genes are early expressed across all tissues. In the feedback sector, MYC2 also regulates the expression of JA repressor and catabolic genes, providing negative feedback that truncates the duration of JA responses. For example, the MYC2-regulated NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factor genes NAC1, NAC3, and NAC4 encode proteins that repress JA signaling and herbivore resistance. In the tissue-specific sector, many late-expressed genes are associated with the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites that mediate particular defensive functions. For example, the terpene synthase gene TPS35 is specifically induced in the leaf sheath and TPS35 functions in defense against oviposition by brown planthoppers and the attraction of this herbivore's natural enemies. Thus, by characterizing core, tissue-specific, and feedback sectors of JA-elicited defense responses, this work provides a valuable resource for future discoveries of key JA components in this important crop.
Antisense transcription from stress-responsive transcription factors fine-tunes the cold response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Meena Shiv Kumar , Quevedo Marti , Nardeli Sarah Muniz , Verez Clément , Bhat Susheel Sagar , Zacharaki Vasiliki , Kindgren Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Transcription of antisense long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) occurs pervasively across eukaryotic genomes. Only a few antisense lncRNAs have been characterized and shown to control biological processes, albeit with idiosyncratic regulatory mechanisms. Thus, we largely lack knowledge about the general role of antisense transcription in eukaryotic organisms. Here, we characterized genes with antisense transcription initiating close to the poly(A) signal of genes (PAS genes) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We compared plant native elongation transcript sequencing (plaNET-seq) with RNA sequencing during short-term cold exposure and detected massive differences between the response in active transcription and steady-state levels of PAS gene-derived mRNAs. The cold-induced expression of transcription factors B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN28 (BBX28) and C2H2-TYPE ZINC FINGER FAMILY PROTEIN5 (ZAT5) was detected by plaNET-seq, while their steady-state level was only slightly altered due to high mRNA turnover. Knockdown of BBX28 and ZAT5 or of their respective antisense transcripts severely compromised plant freezing tolerance. Decreased antisense transcript expression levels resulted in a reduced cold response of BBX28 and ZAT5, revealing a positive regulatory role of both antisense transcripts. This study expands the known repertoire of noncoding transcripts. It highlights that native transcription approaches can complement steady-state RNA techniques to identify biologically relevant players in stress responses.
COI1 F-box proteins regulate DELLA protein levels, growth, and photosynthetic efficiency in maize
Authors: Feiz Leila , Shyu Christine , Wu Shan , Ahern Kevin R , Gull Iram , Rong Ying , Artymowicz Caroline J , Piñeros Miguel A , Fei Zhangjun , Brutnell Thomas P , Jander Georg 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The F-box protein Coronatine Insensitive (COI) is a receptor for the jasmonic acid signaling pathway in plants. To investigate the functions of the 6 maize (Zea mays) COI proteins (COI1a, COI1b, COI1c, COI1d, COI2a, and COI2b), we generated single, double, and quadruple loss-of-function mutants. The pollen of the coi2a coi2b double mutant was inviable. The coi1 quadruple mutant (coi1-4x) exhibited shorter internodes, decreased photosynthesis, leaf discoloration, microelement deficiencies, and accumulation of DWARF8 and/or DWARF9, 2 DELLA family proteins that repress the gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway. Coexpression of COI and DELLA in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that the COI proteins trigger proteasome-dependent DELLA degradation. Many genes that are downregulated in the coi1-4x mutant are GA-inducible. In addition, most of the proteins encoded by the downregulated genes are predicted to be bundle sheath- or mesophyll-enriched, including those encoding C4-specific photosynthetic enzymes. Heterologous expression of maize Coi genes in N. benthamiana showed that COI2a is nucleus-localized and interacts with maize jasmonate zinc-finger inflorescence meristem domain (JAZ) proteins, the canonical COI repressor partners. However, maize COI1a and COI1c showed only partial nuclear localization and reduced binding efficiency to the tested JAZ proteins. Together, these results show the divergent functions of the 6 COI proteins in regulating maize growth and defense pathways.