bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do we know what common sense is and, can we improve it if we don't?
Authors: Rausch Erwin 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the meaning, significance, and development, of common sense and to suggest an approach for enhancing it.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review and critical analysis of the way greater skill in decision‐making leads to “better” common sense.FindingsIn light of the very limited coverage of common sense development in the literature, this paper may make a contribution to the awareness of the dimensions of common sense and to approaches that can help individuals develop what might be more appropriate decisions based on common sense – decisions that consider more of the relevant issues.Practical implicationsIndividuals – managers and leaders in all work and home activities – can enhance their common sense, and with it their decisions, by developing the habit of following the guidelines suggested by the paper, or equally appropriate ones.Originality/valueThere does not appear to be anything as practically applicable to common sense development as the suggested approach
Common sense and hard decision analysis: why might they conflict?
Authors: Goodwin Paul 
Published: April 2009

PurposeHard decision analysis models allow complex decisions to be broken down into easier‐to‐handle and precisely defined sub‐problems and also provide a documented rationale for the decision. This paper aims to investigate why the course of action prescribed by a hard decision analysis model can sometimes conflict with a manager's common‐sense view of the appropriate course of action, even when the model is based on judgments elicited from the manager. It also discusses how such conflicts might be resolved so that the decision can be made with greater insight and confidence.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the decision making and psychology literatures to obtain a definition of common‐sense and to show how and why it might lead to conclusions that are at variance with those indicated by rational decision model.FindingsFour possible reasons for conflicts between common‐sense and a hard decision analysis model are identified. First, common sense reasoning is fuzzy while decision analysis models are precise. Second, under some circumstances, the axioms of a decision analysis model may conflict with common sense. Third, the decision model may be a misrepresentation of the decision problem because errors may have occurred when judgments were elicited from the decision maker. Fourth, common sense may suggest an inferior course of action.Practical implicationsThe paper shows the potential dangers of making decisions based on common‐sense alone or of relying unquestionably on a decision analysis model.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the exploration of conflicts between the indications of decision analysis models and common sense and may lead to better decision making.
The nature and value of common sense to decision making
Authors: Zhao Sheng 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine, from management perspective, the nature of common sense, its application in decision‐making, and possibility of developing common sense more effectively.Design/methodology/approachTo take typical dictionary definitions of common sense, understand, from management perspective, the different aspects of the nature of common sense, analyze how these properties affect different applications of common sense in decision making process. To cite available literature to support or explain points made, and make a parallel comparison to intuition and decision making where appropriate because of their similarity to certain extent.FindingsThe paper provides how to understand properties of common sense from managerial perspective, analyzes its value in aiding decision making, explains how mangers utilize common sense of target group or employees for decision making and creativity, and proposes some points for boosting development of common sense.Practical implicationsThe paper points out possible different utilization of common sense for decision making. Common sense can be used for innovation. An effective strategy for innovation is not to launch sounds‐big innovation programs, but to respect and trust your employees to allow them freedom of expression of common sense and uncommon sense.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that common sense may involve tacit knowledge, often is a mix of personal experience and social communication, often comprises hard part and soft part, and can be used for creativity. The paper explains why there exist opposite opinions on common sense approach. These have not been seen in existing literature.
Does the accuracy of expert judgment comply with common sense:caveat emptor
Authors: Cassidy Michael F. , Buede Dennis 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine critically the accuracy of expert judgment, drawing on empirical evidence and theory from multiple disciplines. It suggests that counsel offered with confidence by experts might, under certain circumstances, be without merit, and presents approaches to assessing the accuracy of such counsel.Design/methodology/approachThe paper synthesizes research findings on expert judgment drawn from multiple fields, including psychology, criminal justice, political science, and decision analysis. It examines internal and external factors affecting the veracity of what experts may judge to be matters of common sense, using a semiotic structure.FindingsIn multiple domains, including management, expert accuracy is, in general, no better than chance. Increased experience, however, is often accompanied by an unjustified increase in self‐confidence.Practical implicationsWhile the dynamic nature of decision making in organizations renders the development of a codified, reliable knowledge base potentially unachievable, there is value in recognizing these limitations, and employing tactics to explore more thoroughly both problem and solutions spacesOriginality/valueThe paper's originality lies in its integration of recent, multiple‐disciplinary research as a basis for persuading decision makers of the perils of accepting expert advice without skepticism.
Level Three common sense
Authors: Clawson James G.S. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that “common sense” is rooted in genetic and memetic legacies developed early in life and is not so common based on where those legacies were developed. To show that managers who are unable to review and adjust their common sense are not likely to be effective managers locally or globally.Design/methodology/approachThe logic developed here is based on eclectic literature sources in psychology, anthropology, and management and from personal consulting activities all over the globe. The logic converges on the border between common and uncommon “sense” and reports data from sessions held in every quarter of the globe.FindingsThis discussion finds that much of management behavior is based on “common sense” that is neither accurate nor effective. For example, managers who focus on visible professional behavior and results at the expense of feel, which is common sense to most, may find their results to be, ironically, less than they could be.Practical implicationsManagers can learn to be more self aware particularly at “Level Three,” to understand better the bases for their own behavior and that of others and let go of commonly held non‐sensical assumptions about the way the business world operates. If they can, and the data suggests that most cannot, do this, they have a chance to develop a world‐class performing organization operating on a new and more functional “common sense.”Originality/valueWhile many of the individual concepts and sources are not new, the convergence of logic on the importance of distinguishing between visible behavior, conscious thought and underlying values, assumptions, beliefs, and expectations about the way the world is or should be and how those elements affect behavior is not widely nor commonly held “sense.” Hence, the links drawn in this discussion will likely be counter‐intuitive to the vast majority of managers. Examples of companies of all sizes who understand are introduced to ground the case made here.
The relationship between ethics, common sense, and rationality
Authors: Morgan Christie R. , Thiagarajan Palaniappan 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to re‐think the definition of three commonly used terms; discuss links between ethics, common sense and rationality; offer a model integrating these; and present findings regarding the understanding of common sense and rationality.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on data collected from a convenient sample on their definitions of common sense and rationality. A constant comparison method of analysis is used to identify common themes in the definitions from this sample of 38 responses. Percentages and Yule's Q statistical data as well as descriptive statistics of demographics are obtained and examined.FindingsOur findings indicate that a much higher percentage of respondents understand common sense to have a very similar meaning to the literary definition than those understanding the literary meaning of rationality. Statistical analysis of the findings agree.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should include a random sample and definitions of the term “ethics” and further consider the integration of ethics, common sense and rationality.Practical implicationsOne implication of this research is to focus on a common understanding of these terms to those who use them. The model presented is intended to provide practical perception of the integration of ethics, common sense and rationality for application in management and life.Originality/valueThis paper adds to current literature on ethics, common sense, and rationality by extensive literature review of all three and combining that research as not presented previously. We offer a view that integrates common sense, rationality and ethics from distant philosophers and considers the current lack of literature connecting the three as shown in the form of a Figure.
The influence of partner's trust‐commitment relationship on electronic commerce strategic planning
Authors: Lai Jhih‐Ming , Lee Gwo‐Guang , Hsu Wei‐Lin 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of partnership (i.e. partner's trust and commitment) on electronic commerce strategic planning (ECSP), and the strategic benefits of expanding partnership. Beyond this research objective, this paper attempts to draw conclusions on the benefits of seeing such trust and commitment as common sense.Design/methodology/approachA total of 166 Chief information officers were selected from the top 1000 largest firms in Taiwan to test the relations within the research model. Moreover, the structural equation modeling technique was used to evaluate the research model.FindingsPartner trust significantly influences electronic commerce strategic planning. The results also indicate that the success of ECSP enables firms to achieve the strategic benefits of electronic commerce.Research limitations/implicationsThis study demonstrates the need to separate the partner's trust and commitment from the environmental context when discussing certain questions related to environmental issues. Future ECSP studies could seek an enhanced understanding of the effects on investigations of other attributes of partnership.Practical implicationsTop managers and information system executives who are considering the process of ECSP must know that the first step is to acquire the partner's trust. And then, they need to make a commitment to their partners in order to gain the strategic benefits. The skills and actions to achieve these steps should become common sense for these executives.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to ECSP research by clarifying the effects of both partner trust and partner commitment on the ECSP, and provides a valuable reference for EC strategic planners, as well as researchers interested in EC strategic planning and management.
Common sense and integrative thinking
Authors: Benson Joy , Dresdow Sally 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe complexity of organizational decisions requires the ability to integrate diverse facts, ideas, issues, and connections into more comprehensive integrative thinking for decisions. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the relationship between common sense and integrative thinking. Common sense, on the surface, seems to be incompatible with integrative thinking yet common sense can enrich integrative thinking. Recommendations are made for leveraging the strengths of common sense thinking in identifying salient (relevant) factor stage of integrative thinking. Suggestions for future research are identified.Design/methodology/approachThe approach of this paper is to use literature‐based research to identify how common sense tensions can enhance integrative thinking.FindingsFive suggestions are presented to leverage common sense thinking when identifying salient factors in a situation. When common sense is successfully integrated at the first stage of integrative thinking, it will enhance the thinking in the other three stages.Originality/valueThis paper stresses that common sense and integrative thinking are compatible. Avenues for future research are identified.
Rheology and thermal properties of marketed Indian honey
Authors: Saravana Kumar Jaganathan , Mandal Mahitosh 
Published: April 2009

PurposeCharacterization of honey gathered importance since it has been widely used in both medical and domestic needs. In this fast moving mechanical life, people are bound to buy commercially available honey at markets. The purpose of this paper is to study the physical and thermal properties of such honey.Design/methodology/approachFour well‐known commercial honey samples in the Indian market were analyzed for their color, rheology and thermal properties.FindingsColor of the samples varied from white to light amber according to United States Department of Agriculture method. Rheologies of the samples were studied between 10 and 30°C. Viscosities of samples varied from 1.31  to 96.7 Pa s according to the kind of honey and temperature of measurement. Controlled shear rate viscometry indicated the Newtonian behavior with a drop in viscosity as the temperature increases. Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis indicated the inflection transition temperature (Tg) of the present investigation ranged between –51.40  and –30.64°C. Correlation between the Tg and the viscosity of the samples were significant.Originality/valueThere has been no report available on the Newtonian behavior of the commercial Indian honey samples. This paper will help the consumers to comprehend the standard of the honey sold in the Indian market. Distributors/manufacturers will also be aware of quality of honey, which will help further in the process development, transportation and storage.
School intervention to improve preferences for fruit and vegetables
Authors: Clarke Anne M. , Ruxton Carrie H.S. , Hetherington Lesley , O'Neil Sharon , McMillan Brian 
Published: April 2009

PurposeFruit and vegetable (F&V) intakes amongst Scottish schoolchildren are lower than recommended. The purpose of this paper is to describe an intervention which combined F&V with peer‐modelling and rewards to influence consumption of F&V.Design/methodology/approachA school‐based initiative was implemented in 19 primary schools. The evaluation of 8 schools (n = 1,477 pupils aged 4.5‐12 years) is reported. The three‐week intervention included free F&V (80 g portions), a peer‐modelling video and a series of small rewards followed by a four to six week maintenance phase during which time free F&V continued. Questionnaires were completed at baseline (T1) and up to two months after the end of the maintenance phase (T2) to assess changes in F&V consumption.FindingsAt T2, children in years 1 and 2 consumed F&V at school more often compared with T1, and ate a greater number of portions each time. There were no significant differences in home consumption. The picture was similar for children in years 3‐7 with no change in the reported number of portions.Originality/valueFew behavioural interventions have been carried out in the public health arena to increase F&V consumption. This paper shows that a peer‐modelling intervention significantly increased consumption of F&V at school, while home consumption remained stable.
Reverse cholesterol transport in hypercholesterolemic rats fed different proteins and lipids origins
Authors: Shérazède Bouderbala , Myriem Lamri‐Senhadji , Ahmed Boualga , Jacques Belleville , Josiane Prost , Malika Bouchenak 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of different dietary protein and lipid origins on serum HDL2 and HDL3 compositions and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in growing rats fed a 0.5 per cent cholesterol‐enriched diet with either 20 per cent casein (C), chick pea (CP) or lentil (L) proteins combined to 10 per cent olive (O) or salmon (S) oil for 28 days.Design/methodology/approachHDL2 and HDL3 separation according to Sjöblom and Eklund and LCAT activity according to Glomset and Wright.FindingsSerum total cholesterol was 1.3‐fold lower in CPS than in CPO group. HDL3 amounts were 2‐ and 1.5‐fold higher in CPO and LO groups, respectively, compared to CO group. HDL3‐unesterified cholesterol values were, respectively, 2‐ and 5‐fold lower in CPO and LO groups than in CO group, and were threefold decreased in CPS and LS groups vs CS group. HDL3‐phospholipids in LO group represented 12 and 51 per cent of the CO and CPO group values, respectively. HDL2‐triacylglycerol amounts were decreased in LO group vs CO group (−67 per cent) and in CPS and LS groups (−62 per cent) compared to CS group. HDL3‐apolipoprotein A‐I values were lower in LO group vs CO and CPO groups, and in CPS group vs CS group. However, LCAT activity was similar in all the studied groups.Originality/valueThe paper shows that when diets containing casein, chick pea or lentil proteins combined with olive or salmon oil are supplemented with cholesterol, HDL2 and HDL3 compositions are impaired despite unchanged LCAT activity. Moreover, if oils modify HDL compositions, dietary proteins play a critical role in these modifications.
Evaluation of some chemical and physicochemical properties of meals from pretreated tigernut seeds (Cyperus esculentus)
Authors: Ade‐Omowaye B.I.O. , Adegbite A.M. , Adetunji B.R. , Oladunmoye O.O. 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThis paper focuses on the effect of different pretreatments on some properties of tigernut, an underutilized crop in Nigeria with the aim of widening its utilization in the country.Design/methodology/approachTigernuts were subjected to various pretreatments such as fermentation, germination, pregelatinization and roasting before drying at 50 ± 2 ○C for 48 h in locally fabricated cabinet drier and milling in commercial plate mill to produce meal which passed through 30 mm pore‐sized sieve. Pretreated and untreated tigernut meals were analyzed using methods reported in the literature for chemical composition, physicochemical and functional properties.FindingsProtein content of the meals ranged from 2.79 ± 0.01 to 3.65 ± 0.02 per cent with sample from fermented tigernut having the highest value and those from roasted ones having the least value. There were slight variations in the crude fat, fiber and ash contents of the resultant meals after pretreatment. There were 10 and 14 per cent enhancement in the ascorbic acid contents of fermented and germinated meals respectively. Titratable acidity, pH and water absorption capacity were affected by pretreatment in this study. Bulk density varied slightly after pretreatment. Germination, roasting and pregelatinization resulted in marked decrease in peak viscosity of the samples. The emulsion capacity ranged from 48.4 to 56 per cent with the untreated sample having the highest value and meals from roasted sample had the least value. Foaming capacity was improved by the pretreatments with the exception of roasting which reduced it from 2.15 to 1.18 per cent.Originality/valueThe paper has demonstrated the effect of pretreatments on tigernut meals and its potential applications in various food formulation and development, e.g. weaning foods, baked goods, beverage products, etc.
Snack service model for a comprehensive school
Authors: Tikkanen Irma , Honkanen Salla , Salmela Sanna‐Pauliina 
Published: April 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to construct and describe a snack service model for a comprehensive school.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical data were collected from the school officials and the pupils by using a focus group method in two comprehensive schools. Moreover, the food service managers of Espoo and Vantaa cities' catering services were theme interviewed. Consequently, a description of the snack service models was conducted and a snack service model for a comprehensive school was constructed.FindingsA constructed model for serving snacks consists of eight elements: snack products; service process; customers; pricing; procurement of snacks; nutrition recommendations; in‐house control and interest groups.Research limitations/implicationsThe constructed snack service model can be utilized as a standard model when serving snacks in a comprehensive school.Originality/valueThe constructed model may act as a reference model for the school catering organisations and the school officials when decisions related to snacks serving are made.
Awareness and consumption of iron among Mauritian female factory workers
Authors: Pathareddy Appanah Therishma , Oogarah‐Pratap Brinda , Ruggoo Arvind 
Published: April 2009

PurposeLittle is known about the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in non‐pregnant adult women of low socio‐economic status. The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of awareness of the importance and sources of iron among female factory workers in the export processing zone (EPZ) sector. The influence of socio‐economic status of these women on their consumption of iron was also studied.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was carried out with 300 EPZ female workers aged between 18 and 45 years old. The interviewer‐administered questionnaire gathered data on their personal background, awareness on iron and their frequency of consumption of selected foods. Qualitative analysis of the dietary habits of a sample of 32 women was made through the use of a 24 h food recall.FindingsThe findings of the study revealed that 77 per cent of the female factory workers surveyed did not know the importance of iron in their body. Chi‐square tests showed that there was an association between educational level and knowledge on the importance of iron ( p < 0.01). The residential area of the women was not associated with their awareness on iron ( p > 0.05).Practical implicationsThis study can arouse the interest of professionals in the managerial cadre of the factories and the local health authorities. They can further investigate the iron status of female factory workers and subsequently take necessary measures to improve health status of the workers and their work productivity.Originality/valueIn Mauritius, there has not been any recent study on the awareness and consumption of iron among women working in the factories. Moreover, most studies done worldwide have focussed on the iron status of pregnant women. This study will therefore provide additional data on the iron status of another “at risk” group.