bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating multi‐tiered measurement outcomes for special education eligibility with sequential decision‐making methodology
Authors: Decker Scott L. , Englund Julia , Albritton Kizzy 
Published: February 2012

AbstractChanges to federal guidelines for the identification of children with disabilities have supported the use of multi‐tiered models of service delivery. This study investigated the impact of measurement methodology as used across numerous tiers in determining special education eligibility. Four studies were completed using a sample of inner‐city children (N = 150) who were administered a reading screener twice and a reading measure adapted from the state high‐stakes reading test. A sub‐sample of children identified as At‐Risk were administered a comprehensive reading assessment and compared with a randomly selected control group, who were also administered a comprehensive reading assessment (n = 14). A model was developed to estimate the likelihood of special education eligibility based on both theoretical and empirical measurement parameters. Depending on the measurement assumptions of the multi‐tiered model, special education eligibility outcomes varied from a low of 0.2% to as high as 11%, depending on the type of measure used, decision‐making criteria used at each tier, and the number of tiers in the model. This study highlights the importance of measurement specification, explicit decision‐making criteria, and empirical investigation to fully understand outcomes associated with the implementation of multi‐tiered models. Implications for special education eligibility policy and practical implications for implementing comprehensive measurement practice in multi‐tiered systems at the school level are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acyl carrier protein structural classification and normal mode analysis
Authors: Cantu David C. , Forrester Michael J. , Charov Katherine , Reilly Peter J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAll acyl carrier protein primary and tertiary structures were gathered into the ThYme database. They are classified into 16 families by amino acid sequence similarity, with members of the different families having sequences with statistically highly significant differences. These classifications are supported by tertiary structure superposition analysis. Tertiary structures from a number of families are very similar, suggesting that these families may come from a single distant ancestor. Normal vibrational mode analysis was conducted on experimentally determined freestanding structures, showing greater fluctuations at chain termini and loops than in most helices. Their modes overlap more so within families than between different families. The tertiary structures of three acyl carrier protein families that lacked any known structures were predicted as well.
Is there an en route folding intermediate for cold shock proteins?
Authors: Huang Lei , Shakhnovich Eugene I. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractCold shock proteins (Csps) play an important role in cold shock response of a diverse number of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Numerous studies of the Csp from various species showed that a two‐state folding mechanism is conserved and the transition state (TS) appears to be very compact. However, the atomic details of the folding mechanism of Csp remain unclear. This study presents the folding mechanism of Csp in atomic detail using an all‐atom Go model‐based simulations. Our simulations predict that there may exist an en route intermediate, in which β strands 1‐2‐3 are well ordered and the contacts between β1 and β4 are almost developed. Such an intermediate might be too unstable to be detected in the previous fluorescence energy transfer experiments. The transition state ensemble has been determined from the Pfold analysis and the TS appears even more compact than the intermediate state.
Optimal control of katabatic flows within canopies
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Yi Chuixiang 
Published: February 2012

AbstractWhat slope angle favours the development of katabatic flow is still an open question. Some studies have clarified that katabatic winds are stronger on steep slopes, while others have demonstrated that katabatic winds are stronger on gentle slopes. Here, we explore the control mechanisms of katabatic flow using a simplified theoretical model in an attempt to clarify the causes of the paradoxical findings. Our results indicate that optimal conditions for katabatic flows within canopies are synergistically controlled by terrain angle, canopy structure and thermal condition through a simple equation \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{amsfonts}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$L_{{\mathrm c}} V_T^{-2} \sin^{3}\alpha = b$ \end{document}, where α is terrain slope, Lc = 1/(cDa) is canopy length‐scale, cD is drag coefficient, a is leaf area density, VT = Rc/γ is a thermal factor, Rc is a cooling rate, γ is ambient lapse rate, and b is a constant. This theoretical prediction implies that gentle slopes are optimal for katabatic flow developments in stably stratified air while steep slopes are optimal in weak or near‐neutral stratification. Canopy effect is significant in the control of katabatic flows only on gentle slopes. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Dispersion analysis of the spectral element method
Authors: Melvin Thomas , Staniforth Andrew , Thuburn John 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe spectral element method (SEM) has (with exact time integration) the desirable attribute of locally and globally conserving mass, energy and potential vorticity. It also scales well on massively parallel computers. Another desirable attribute of a numerical method for an atmospheric dynamical core is that it should have good numerical dispersion properties in order to accurately represent wave propagation and adjustment processes. Application of the SEM to the one‐way wave equation is analysed to provide insight into its dispersion properties as a function of spectral order. For the lowest‐order spectral truncation (linear) the SEM discretisation is formally equivalent to centred second‐order finite differences on an Arakawa A grid. It consequently shares its poor dispersion properties, including energy propagation in the wrong direction for the short‐wavelength half of the spectrum. Increasing the spectral truncation of the SEM to quadratic improves its dispersion properties for the long‐wavelength part of the spectrum, but the problem of energy propagation in the wrong direction for the short‐wavelength part remains. Further increasing the order of the spectral truncation not only fails to address the poor energy propagation at small scales, but also introduces new problems, including gaps in the spectrum of frequencies that can be represented, and localisation of eigenmode structures near element boundaries. Numerical integrations confirm that these SEM dispersion properties lead to reversed group velocities and to grid imprinting at spectral element boundaries. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society and British Crown Copyright, the Met Office
Mini‐navigator: a new system for navigated deformity corrections
Authors: Liodakis Emmanouil , Macke Christian , Kenawey Mohamed , Krettek Christian 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to present a new navigation device for deformity correction surgery and to evaluate its accuracy compared with a conventional electromagnetic navigation system in tracking the orientation of synthetic bony fragments.MethodsThis system consists of three sensors and software which can be installed on any personal computer. One sensor is mounted about 1 m above the other sensors. The remaining two sensors are fixed to the bone fragments using Schanz screws. Data from all three sensors are computed using the software to estimate the change in position of the sensors. For the first part of the study 118 planned one and two plane deformities in 5° increments were created. For the second part of the study complex random 3‐dimensional deformities were created (300 valid measurements).ResultsThe mean absolute differences between measurements of the electromagnetic and mini‐navigator were 1.8 ± 1.9° in the coronal, 1.1 ± 1.1° in the sagittal and 0.8 ± 0.7° in the transverse plane. Absolute differences between mini‐navigator and Fastrak measurements were significantly affected by the magnitude of the deformity (P < 0.0001) with better accuracy for lower deformities.ConclusionsWe believe that this new technology is appealing, because of its high accuracy and lower planned costs compared with conventional navigation devices. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
da Vinci® single‐site platform: anthropometrical, docking and suturing considerations for hysterectomy in the cadaver model
Authors: Escobar Pedro F. , Knight Jason , Rao Sanjay , Weinberg Lori 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe paper describes specific technical requirements, limitations, anthropometrical, docking and suturing considerations on the performance of robotic hysterectomy using the da Vinci® Single‐Site Platform in the cadaver modelMethodsA data set was collected for each procedure including port placement, docking sequence, robotic arms placement and angles, robotic instrumentation, optimal ergonomics, operative time, and cadaver anthropometrical measurements. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine whether age, BMI or docking approach were correlated with docking difficulty and likelihood of successful procedure completion. Analysis of the data was performed using SPSS v19.0.0.ResultsThe planned surgical procedure was successfully completed with single‐port robotics in 87.5% of cases. High BMI was correlated with difficulty docking the robot, correlation coefficient 0.98.ConclusionsFurther work is needed in the development and advancement of single‐site robotic platforms, articulated instrumentation, and optics. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network intrusion detection using hybrid binary PSO and random forests algorithm
Authors: Malik Arif Jamal , Shahzad Waseem , Khan Farrukh Aslam 
Published: February 2012

AbstractNetwork security risks grow with increase in the network size. In recent past, the attacks on computer networks have increased tremendously and require efficient network intrusion detection mechanisms. Data mining and machine‐learning techniques have been used for network intrusion detection during the past few years and have gained much popularity. In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection mechanism based on binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) and random forests (RF) algorithms called PSO‐RF and investigate the performance of various dimension reduction techniques along with a set of different classifiers including the proposed approach. Binary PSO is used to find more appropriate set of attributes for classifying network intrusions, and RF is used as a classifier. In the preprocessing step, we reduce the dimensions of the dataset by using different state‐of‐the‐art dimension reduction techniques, and then this reduced dataset is presented to the proposed PSO‐RF approach that further optimizes the dimensions of the data and finds an optimal set of features. PSO is an optimization method that has a strong global search capability and is used here for dimension optimization. We perform extensive experimentation to prove the worth of the proposed approach by using different performance metrics. The standard benchmark, that is, KDD99Cup dataset, is used that contains the information about various kinds of network intrusions. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach performs better than the other approaches for the detection of all kinds of attacks present in the dataset. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drosophila models of epithelial stem cells and their niches
Authors: Sahai‐Hernandez Pankaj , Castanieto Angela , Nystul Todd G. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEpithelial stem cells are regulated through a complex interplay of signals from diffusible ligands, cellular interactions, and attachment to the extracellular matrix. The development of Drosophila models of epithelial stem cells and their associated niche has made it possible to dissect the contribution of each of these factors in vivo, during both basal homeostasis and in response to acute damage such as infection. Studies of Drosophila epithelial stem cells have also provided insight into the mechanisms by which a healthy population of stem cells are maintained throughout adulthood by demonstrating, for example, that stem cells have a finite lifespan and may be displaced by replacement cells competing for niche occupancy. Here, we summarize the literature on each of the known Drosophila epithelial stem cells, with a focus on the two most well‐characterized types, the follicle stem cells (FSCs) in the ovary and the intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the posterior midgut. Several themes have emerged from these studies, which suggest that there may be a common set of features among niches in a variety of epithelia. For example, unlike the simpler Drosophila germline stem cell niches, both the FSC and ISC niches produce multiple, partially redundant, niche signals, some of which activate pathways such as Wnt/Wingless, Hedgehog, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) that also regulate mammalian epithelial tissue renewal. Further study into these relatively new stem cell models will be of use in understanding both the specifics of epithelial regeneration and the diversity of mechanisms that regulate adult stem cells in general. WIREs Dev Biol 2012, 1:447–457. doi: 10.1002/wdev.36This article is categorized under:

Early Embryonic Development > Gametogenesis
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Tissue Stem Cells and Niches
Cav3 T‐type calcium channels
Authors: Senatore Adriano , Zhorov Boris S. , Spafford J. David 
Published: February 2012

AbstractT‐type channels are unique among the voltage‐gated calcium channels in their fast kinetics and low voltages of activation and inactivation, the latter two features allowing them to operate at voltages near the resting membrane potential of most neurons. T‐type channels can therefore be recruited by subthreshold depolarizations, and hyperpolarizations that remove inactivation. As such, T‐type channels can significantly influence how and when cells reach action potential threshold, and thus are critical regulators of excitability. T‐type channels are also significantly conserved within the animal kingdom, present even in animals lacking muscles and nerves, suggesting that they evolved before or very early on during the emergence of neuronal and neuromuscular synapses. Physiologically, T‐type channels are involved in multiple processes, and their contributions range from purely electrogenic roles to the activation of calcium‐sensitive ion channels, signaling pathways, and other macromolecular complexes. Unfortunately, it has been difficult to prove sufficiency and necessity of T‐type channels in many of these processes, in part due to inconsistencies in their suspected contributions. Furthermore, gene knockout studies have failed to show that T‐type channels are essential for development or survival, as knockout animals exhibit only weak phenotypes. T‐type channels roles are likely dependent on cellular context, and the three mammalian isotypes are expected to be somewhat redundant in their functionality, but have evolved from the single ancestral precursor gene in invertebrates to carry out unique functions, as evidenced by their divergent biophysical properties and protein–protein interaction motifs present within cytoplasmic regions.WIREs Membr Transp Signal2012, 1:467–491. doi: 10.1002/wmts.41For further resources related to this article, please visit theWIREs website.
RNA decay: a novel therapeutic target in bacteria
Authors: Eidem Tess M. , Roux Christelle M. , Dunman Paul M. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe need for novel antibiotics is greater now than perhaps any time since the pre‐antibiotic era. Indeed, the recent collapse of most pharmaceutical antibacterial groups, combined with the emergence of hypervirulent and pan‐antibiotic‐resistant bacteria have, in effect, created a ‘perfect storm’ that has severely compromised infection treatment options and led to dramatic increases in the incidence and severity of bacterial infections. To put simply, it is imperative that we develop new classes of antibiotics for the therapeutic intervention of bacterial infections. In that regard, RNA degradation is an essential biological process that has not been exploited for antibiotic development. Herein we discuss the factors that govern bacterial RNA degradation, highlight members of this machinery that represent attractive antimicrobial drug development targets and describe the use of high‐throughput screening as a means of developing antimicrobials that target these enzymes. Such agents would represent first‐in‐class antibiotics that would be less apt to inactivation by currently encountered enzymatic antibiotic‐resistance determinants. WIREs RNA 2012, 3:443–454. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1110This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Accuracy of PET‐CT in Predicting Survival in Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Brown Claire , Howes Ben , Jamieson Glyn G. , Bartholomeusz Dylan , Zingg Urs , Sullivan Thomas R. , Thompson Sarah K. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundPositron emission tomography (PET) is an integral part of tumor staging for patients with esophageal cancer. Recent studies suggest a role for PET scan in predicting survival in these patients, but this relationship is unclear in the setting of neoadjuvant therapy. We examined pretreatment maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor in patients treated with and without neoadjuvant therapy.MethodsAll patients undergoing esophagectomy with a preoperative PET scan over a nine‐year period (2001–2010) were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Positron emission tomography data were obtained from computers housing the original PET scans. Overall survival was correlated with SUVmax of the primary tumor.ResultsA total of 191 patients were identified, and 103 patients met inclusion criteria. Eighty‐two had an adenocarcinoma (80%), and 21 (20%) had a squamous cell carcinoma. Fifty‐seven (55%) patients received neoadjuvant therapy. In the surgery alone group, a SUVmax of > 5.0 in the primary tumor was associated with poor prognosis [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.32; p = 0.007], but this factor did not retain its significance on multivariate analysis (HR 0.65; p = 0.43). Pretreatment SUVmax in patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy was not significant in predicting overall survival (p = 0.10).ConclusionsThis study does not support the use of SUVmax on pretreatment PET scans as a prognostic tool for patients with esophageal cancer, especially in those who have received neoadjuvant therapy. Lymph node status is a more accurate predictor of outcome, and efforts to improve pretreatment staging should focus on this factor.
Counterspaces: A Unit of Analysis for Understanding the Role of Settings in Marginalized Individuals’ Adaptive Responses to Oppression
Authors: Case Andrew D. , Hunter Carla D. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractResearch and theory on the intervening variables that enable individuals who experience marginalization and oppression to achieve well‐being have historically relied on an individual level of analysis. Yet, there is a growing body of literature that highlights the roles that contexts play in facilitating processes that result in wellness among marginalized individuals. This paper proposes a conceptual framework that highlights a specific type of setting, referred to as “counterspaces,” which promotes the psychological well‐being of individuals who experience oppression. Counterspaces are theorized to enhance well‐being by challenging deficit‐oriented societal narratives concerning marginalized individuals’ identities. The conceptual frame proposed here suggests that “challenging” can occur through at least three processes: (1) narrative identity work, (2) acts of resistance, and (3) direct relational transactions. This paper articulates each of these challenging processes. Additionally, the utility of using the Counterspaces framework for thinking critically about and investigating how settings—and the transactional processes that unfold within them—are associated with the promotion of psychological wellness for various marginalized populations is discussed.
Exploring the Benefits of Double Gloving During Surgery
Authors: Korniewicz Denise , El‐Masri Maher 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBreaches in the glove barrier pose a risk for transmission of bloodborne pathogens during surgical procedures. Double gloving or double gloving with an indicator glove system may provide added protection. For this 24‐month study, we used a comparative design to examine the effect of double gloving with inner indicator gloves on the durability of inner gloves and the detection of glove tears or perforations during surgery. The frequency of seeing blood on the hand after surgery was greater with single gloving than with double gloving, and the frequency of changing gloves during surgery was significantly higher among those who double gloved with an indicator glove system versus double gloving alone. The majority of health care providers in our study expressed favorable views about double gloving.
Comparison of Current and Past Surgical Smoke Control Practices
Authors: Edwards Ben E. , Reiman Robert E. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractIn 2010, we teamed with AORN to repeat a simple web‐based survey on surgical smoke control practices first conducted in 2007. This survey of AORN members assessed the level of compliance with established surgical smoke control measures (ie, use of wall suction with an in‐line particulate filter, use of a smoke evacuator, use of an N95 or other National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health‐approved respirator) in various medical specialties and facilities throughout North America, as well as the extent to which compliance rates may have changed since 2007. Survey responses indicate that while the use of wall suction as a control measure has increased for nearly all procedures, progress in the adoption of other control measures has been mixed, with improvement for some procedures, no change for most procedures, and a decrease in compliance for a few procedures.
Analysis of unsteady behaviour in shockwave turbulent boundary layer interaction
Authors: Grilli Muzio , Schmid Peter J. , Hickel Stefan , Adams Nikolaus A. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe unsteady behaviour in shockwave turbulent boundary layer interaction is investigated by analysing results from a large eddy simulation of a supersonic turbulent boundary layer over a compression–expansion ramp. The interaction leads to a very-low-frequency motion near the foot of the shock, with a characteristic frequency that is three orders of magnitude lower than the typical frequency of the incoming boundary layer. Wall pressure data are first analysed by means of Fourier analysis, highlighting the low-frequency phenomenon in the interaction region. Furthermore, the flow dynamics are analysed by a dynamic mode decomposition which shows the presence of a low-frequency mode associated with the pulsation of the separation bubble and accompanied by a forward–backward motion of the shock.