bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Structural Optimization of an Electric Motor Rotor through Mesh Morphing Techniques
Authors: Porziani S , Groth C , Zhang H , Biancolini M E 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The electric motor has been one of the most important inventions of the last two centuries and has become increasingly important in the last 10 years thanks to its efficiency and its ability to reduce pollution. Given this increasing importance of electrical motors, an interest in design and optimization approaches for motor components is arising. Given the different physics involved in the transformation from electrical to mechanical energy, a valuable and reliable approach has to be applied in the optimization process. In past years, Mesh Morphing based on Radial Basis Functions (RBF) has largely proved its validity in generating shape modification for Finite Element Method (FEM) models. In this work, authors will demonstrate the advantages in applying two opposite approaches for shape optimization using RBF Mesh Morphing applied to electrical motors rotors. These components need to be accurately designed in order to guarantee an adequate life duration by reducing stresses in the rotating components. The two approaches that will be described are the parameter based one, in which a set of design parameters will be varied to generate shape modification used to feed a meta-model that will be used to identify an optimal configuration, and a parameter-less approach, in which the shape modification will be driven by FEM analysis results, with the aim to reduce stress hot-spots.
Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes
Authors: Perticone A , Nardomarino V , Baldanzini N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Motorcyclists are highly vulnerable road users, and cars are one of their primary crash opponents. This study investigates the influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclist trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes. The analysis is based on a dataset of 120 multi-body crash simulations conducted using MADYMO and post-processed with MATLAB. An analysis of 1412 real-world Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW) to car accidents was conducted to determine the most common crash configurations and the associated ranges of the variables, such as vehicle speeds and contact points. Three PTW styles (sport-touring, scooter, and sport) and four car front-end designs (Sport utility vehicle (SUV), Family Car/Sedan (FCR), Roadster (RDS), and Multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)) were considered.
The study examined the riders’ thrown distance in both collision types. It was observed that, regardless of the collision type, the head was identified overall as the primary body region coming into contact with the opposing vehicle, followed by the chest and neck. In frontal collisions, an augmented bonnet height corresponded to an increased incidence of head contact, whereas a lower bonnet height resulted in a higher frequency of chest contact. Moreover, the thrown distance depended also on PTW speed, particularly for sport and sport-touring motorcycles. Notably, contact with the car windscreen was only observed at velocities exceeding 60 km/h, whereas impact with the bonnet leading edge occurred exclusively below this threshold. Due to the shielding effect of their PTW’s fairing, scooter riders predominantly experienced no contact with the opposing vehicle. Sport-touring motorcycles exhibited a more vertical trajectory upon ejection, leading to a greater likelihood of overturning and subsequent rearward head impact with the vehicle. In contrast, sport motorcycles tended to forward projections with a high likelihood of chest contact. In the case of lateral impacts, it was observed that vehicles with a more prominent profile, such as SUVs and MPVs, equipped with protruding bumpers, effectively restrained riders. In this case, vehicle speed did not exert a significant influence on the thrown distance. Additionally, the presence of a conspicuous fuel tank and the initial posture of the rider on the PTW played a crucial role in determining the final thrown distance. Due to their upright postures and the absence of a pronounced fuel tank, scooter dummies were thrown further than others, thus causing head contact with the windscreen.
These findings highlight the importance of car front-end design and PTW fairings in mitigating riders’ injuries and provide valuable insights to vehicle manufacturers for developing tailored safety measures for riders.
Approaching the re-design of reusable packaging from an environmental perspective: a case study in the railway sector
Authors: Berzi L. , Cocci M , Barbieri R. , Pierini M. , Delogu M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The production of railway vehicles determines the handling of a large amount of materials which are transferred from suppliers to production site using industrial packaging. The activity here described is part of the MORIMB project, which dealt with the reduction of waste related to railway sector; wood, plastic, cardboard and metal fasteners are the typical materials which are adopted for such packaging.
The study is motivated from the evidence that, due to the peculiarities of the transported components, most of the packaging units were different from standardized formats therefore they were frequently used for a single transport and subsequently scrapped. An applicative methodology for the analysis, redesign, and evaluation of environmental and economic impacts was defined, with particular attention to packaging reusability. An adaptation of the DMAIC approach was used to analyze the various components and find solutions reusability and performance improvement, especially in terms of volume efficiency and component protection. Depending on the item to be transported, specific crates have been designed and structurally verified according to existing technical regulation, and their sustainability has been analyzed considering environmental and economic impact during production, transport and storage phase; appropriate scenarios regarding distance travelled and volume occupancy were defined. The case study presented in detail in this work concerns the concept of special crates for the transport of passenger seats – a key component for train production - for which an increase in packaging density and a reduction of transportation costs was achieved. Other case studies were also considered.
3D bioprinting platform development for high-throughput cancer organoid models construction and drug evaluation
Authors: Dai Rui , Chen Wei , Chen You , Jin Jinlong , Zhang Shiwei , Zhang Changhua , Liu Jie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The evaluation of anti-tumor drugs is critical for their development and clinical guidance. Tumor organoid models are gaining increased attention due to their ability to better mimic real tumor tissues, as well as lower time and economic costs, which makes up for the shortcomings of cell lines and xenograft models. However, current tumor organoid cultures based on the Matrigel have limitations in matching with high-throughput engineering methods due to slow gelation and low mechanical strength. Here, we present a novel composite bioink for culturing colorectal cancer organoids that provides an environment close to real tissue growth conditions and exhibits excellent photocrosslinking properties for rapid gel formation. Most importantly, the tumor organoids viability in the composite bioink after printing was as high as 97%, which also kept multicellular polar structures consistent with traditional culture methods in the Matrigel. Using 3D bioprinting with this composite bioink loaded with organoids, we demonstrated the feasibility of this drug evaluation model by validating it with clinically used colorectal cancer treatment drugs. Our results suggested that the composite bioink could effectively cultivate tumor organoids using 3D bioprinting, which had the potential to replace less reliable manual operations in promoting the application of tumor organoids in drug development and clinical guidance.
Interfacial dynamics of two immiscible second-grade and couple stress fluids in rotating and counter-rotating scenarios
Authors: Bashir Sammar , Sajid Muhammad 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article aims to examine the dynamics of interfacial flow that occurs when a layer of second-grade fluid rotates over another layer of uniformly rotating immiscible couple stress fluid. Fluid models with different densities, pressures, velocities, and viscosities exhibit intriguing flow properties. Under the restriction of parameter

σ
2

ρ
=
1

, where

σ
=

ω
2

/

ω
1

(angular velocities ratio) and

ρ
=

ρ
2

/

ρ
1

(densities ratio), the occurrence of similarity solutions under coupling and viscoelastic effects across the interface for both cases of co-and-counter rotation is investigated. In contrast to the rotation of upper fluid, the couple stress fluid layer can counter-rotate. An advanced numerical method known as the Keller box is employed to thoroughly analyze the multiple aspects of the flow. The dominance of the couple stress fluid has been observed in shaping the dynamics of interfacial flow, significantly impacting phenomena such as the generation of inward/outward jets, Ekman pumping/suction, and the development of recirculation regions. Lower-layer far-field flow demonstrates transitions, oscillating between inflow and outflow, depending on parameters

μ

and

σ

. These findings illustrate an interesting interplay between rheological parameters, providing perspectives into the complicated behaviors of immiscible rotating fluids under different characteristics and useful implications for a variety of practical applications.
Effect of dopant loading and calcination conditions on structural and optical properties of ZrO2 nanopowders doped with copper and yttrium
Authors: Khomenkova L , Marchylo O , Polishchuk Yu , Ponomaryov S , Isaieva O , Vorona I , Melnichuk L , Portier X , Melnichuk O , Korsunska N 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Undoped, Cu and/or Y doped ZrO2 nanopowders were synthesized with Zr, Y, and Cu nitrates using a co-precipitation approach. Their structural and optical properties were examined regarding dopant content (0.1–8.0 mol.% of CuO and 3–15 mol.% of Y2O3) and calcination conditions (400 °C–1000 °C and, 1,2 or 5 h) through Raman scattering, XRD, TEM, EDS, AES, EPR, UV–vis and FTIR diffused reflectance methods. The results showed that both Cu and Y dopants promoted the appearance of additional oxygen vacancies in ZrO2 host, while the formation of tetragonal and cubic ZrO2 phases was primarily influenced by the Y content, regardless of Cu loading. The bandgap of most of the powders was observed within the 5.45–5.65 eV spectral range, while for those with high Y content it exceeded 5.8 eV. The (Cu,Y)-ZrO2 powders with 0.2 mol.% CuO and 3 mol.% Y2O3 calcined at 600 °C for 2 h demonstrated nanoscaled tetragonal grains (8–12 nm) and a significant surface area covered with dispersed CuxO species. For higher calcination temperatures, the formation of CuZr
2+ EPR centers, accompanied by tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation, was found. For fitting of experimental FTIR reflection spectra, theoretical models with one, five, and seven oscillators were constructed for cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic ZrO2 phases, respectively. Comparing experimental and theoretical spectra, the parameters of various phonons were determined. It was found that the distinct position of the high-frequency FTIR reflection minimum is a unique feature for each crystalline phase. It was centered at 700–720 cm−1, 790–800 cm−1, and 820–840 cm−1 for cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic phases, respectively, showing minimal dependence on phonon damping coefficients. Based on the complementary nature of results obtained from structural and optical methods, an approach for monitoring powder properties and predicting catalytic activity can be proposed for ZrO2–based nanopowders.
PdCu nanoparticles with multienzymatic activity to treat tumors through the synergistic photothermal and chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Fan Wende , Xie Yulin , Zhang Yinyuan , Li Xiaoju , Li Chunxia 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Combined chemodynamic/photothermal therapy has great potential in tumor treatment. However, the presence of excessive glutathione (GSH) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) can attenuate its therapeutic effect, and other components in the TME have not been fully utilized as well. In this article, we designed a noble metal nanozyme called PdCu@BSA, which can be used for the combined chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumor. In detail, PdCu@BSA has three different types of enzyme-like activities. Its catalase (CAT)-like activity can degrade extra H2O2 in the TME to create O2 and relieve the hypoxic situation. The glutathione oxidase (GSHox)-like activity can consume high level of GSH in the TME to reduce the consumption of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Peroxidase (POD)-like activity catalyzes H2O2 to form strong oxidized ·OH. The above enzyme-like activities enhance the effectiveness of CDT. Besides, PdCu@BSA has good photothermal effect and can be used for PTT when exposed to 1064 nm laser. Therefore, based on multiple enzyme-like activities and photothermal effects, PdCu@BSA can be employed for synergistic tumor therapy, resulting in good therapeutic outcome.
Progress of the bolometer diagnostic system on EAST
Authors: WEN 文 Wen 雯 , DUAN 段 Yanmin 艳敏 , PAN 潘 Shanshan 姗姗 , CHAO 晁 Yan 燕 , MAO 毛 Songtao 松涛 , QIAN 钱 Jing 静 , MENG 孟 Lingyi 令义 , TANG 汤 Panjun 潘君 , LIN 林 Shiyao 士耀 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Measurements of the total radiated power and its spatial distribution are crucial for fusion research. On the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST), both the metal foil resistive bolometer and the absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) photodiodes have been used to quantify the radiated power. This article introduces the latest improvement of the bolometer diagnostic system on EAST. It also details the successful design and installation of new divertor AXUV cameras, which are dedicated to the investigation of divertor physics. The shielding components of the bolometer detector have been refined, and the article provides a detailed exposition of the double shielding structures that have been verified as effective in microwave shielding. Additionally, the changes in the radiated power distribution in the divertor region during the plasma detachment process are measured using the divertor AXUV camera. Finally, the radiated power measured by the AXUV detector and metal foil resistive bolometer are compared, and different detector performances are presented.
Improving durability and electrical performance of flexible printed e-textile conductors via domestic ironing
Authors: Komolafe Abiodun , Beeby Steve , Torah Russel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The electrical performance of printed conductors often degrades over time due to recurrent or infrequent exposure to practical stresses such as bending and washing. To avoid this, a repair mechanism is required to return the conductor to prime condition, enhancing lifetime and durability during extended stress cycles. In this study, domestic ironing is used to repair and restore the electrical resistance of printed conductors damaged by prolonged bending and washing cycles at standard ironing temperatures. The results of reliability tests on screen-printed conductors on two polyurethane-coated fabrics and six different laminate sheets adhered to the fabrics revealed that ironing significantly enhances the electrical performance of the conductors, limiting the change in electrical resistance to less than 20% after 400 000 bending cycles and to less than 1 Ω after 50 wash cycles. Although laminated conductors are more durable and generally outperformed conductors on the printed primer layer, in both cases, the results showed that the sample could be left for 24 h for ‘self-relaxation’ and would also return to the original value, implying that for future wear, either immediate ironing or leaving the garment for a period between uses could effectively ‘fix’ any bending or washing damage.
Disturbance rejection based consensus controller for swarm system
Authors: Dixit Abhishek , Agrawal Pooja , Misra Ajay 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a robust controller designed to facilitate consensus among leader-follower agents in a swarm system. The method employs algebraic graph theory to establish a consensus framework and incorporates a sliding surface-based uncertainty and disturbance estimator (SUDE) to mitigate the effects of nonlinearities, external disturbances, and parametric uncertainty inherent in swarm systems. The stability of the SUDE controller is examined using Lyapunov theory. Importantly, this approach operates without prior knowledge of disturbance bounds, relying instead on the dynamics of disturbance error. Simulation studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology, showing that the SUDE controller expedites consensus achievement while ensuring smooth and non-chattering control behavior. The proposed SUDE controller demonstrates a notable improvement in achieving position and velocity consensus in both the X and Y directions, with a 75% and 66% faster convergence rate, respectively, when compared to the conventional sliding mode controller (SMC). Additionally, the performance of the proposed controller is assessed under various external disturbances and parametric uncertainty conditions. Comparative analyses using root mean square error (RMSE) and integral absolute time error (IATE), both based on consensus error, confirm the effectiveness of the proposed SUDE consensus controller.
A low-cost simple lysimeter soil retriever design for retrieving soil from small lysimeters
Authors: Gunaratnam Abhiram , McCurdy Murray , Grafton Miles , Jeyakumar Paramsothy , Davies Clive E , Bishop Peter 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A lysimeter-soil retriever (LSR) is a device used to retrieve the soil with minimum disturbance from lysimeters. This device makes the process of sampling intact soil layers from lysimeters easier and faster, especially when a large number of lysimeters are being sampled. In this study, mini lysimeters (200 mm diameter and 25 kg weight) were used to test fertilizers. A low-cost LSR was designed to aid the accurate removal of the soil from these lysimeters. This paper describes the design and testing of the suitability of a linear actuator for this application. This study investigates the influence of soil moisture on the retrieval and structural stability of lysimeter and LSR. The results revealed that soil with a high moisture level was more suitable as it showed lower disturbance for the retrieved block, lower soil losses, minimal disturbance for roots and lower variation of soil block height and weight. The retrieval time was influenced by soil moisture level and were 48 and 52 s for low and high-moisture soils, respectively. The finite element model showed that the stress applied by the linear actuator on the lysimeter body and top-wood plate were 2.18 and 0.32 MPa, respectively. These stress values were within the safe limit of the corresponding materials. It was found that the selected linear actuator is suitable for soil retrieving from lysimeters packed with sandy-clay loam and sand. It showed consistent performance (stroke time and maximum force) after retrieval of 400 soil blocks. The suitability of this design for various soil types needs to be tested to determine its applicability in a broader range of scenarios.
Effects of bio-inspired infill design on the mechanical properties of ultrasonic vibration assisted 3D printed samples
Authors: Rajendran Thavinnesh Kumar , Shahrum Mohd Afiq , Maidin Shajahan , Ismail Shafinaz 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
This paper study the tensile strength and microstructure of the 3D bio-inspired printed samples by comparing the ultrasonic vibration assisted test samples with standard ABS and PLA samples with three different bio-inspired infill designs namely elephant trunk, bamboo and leaf. The test samples were printed with optimal printing process parameters and 0 kHz and 20 kHz frequency of ultrasonic vibration. SolidWorks software was used to design the bio-inspired infill designs and create the 3D-printed test samples. Tests to evaluate mechanical properties and microstructure were carried out after printing the test samples. The investigation primarily focuses on the impact of ultrasonic vibration assisted 3D bio-inspired printed samples of ABS and PLA materials. This research explores using ultrasonic vibration assistance to enhance the tensile strength of 3D-printed infills. The elephant trunk inspired infill design with ABS at 20 kHz achieved the best results, suggesting that ultrasonic vibration strengthens intermolecular bonding. The bamboo inspired infill performed poorly due to its design, while PLA deformed due to lower heat resistance. Overall, ultrasonic frequency improved layer bonding, especially for the elephant trunk infill, indicating potential for further optimization. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of bio-inspired infill solutions, mainly the ABS elephant trunks with ultrasonic 20 kHz of vibration.
GPU optimization techniques to accelerate optiGAN—a particle simulation GAN
Authors: Srikanth Anirudh , Trigila Carlotta , Roncali Emilie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The demand for specialized hardware to train AI models has increased in tandem with the increase in the model complexity over the recent years. Graphics processing unit (GPU) is one such hardware that is capable of parallelizing operations performed on a large chunk of data. Companies like Nvidia, AMD, and Google have been constantly scaling-up the hardware performance as fast as they can. Nevertheless, there is still a gap between the required processing power and processing capacity of the hardware. To increase the hardware utilization, the software has to be optimized too. In this paper, we present some general GPU optimization techniques we used to efficiently train the optiGAN model, a Generative Adversarial Network that is capable of generating multidimensional probability distributions of optical photons at the photodetector face in radiation detectors, on an 8GB Nvidia Quadro RTX 4000 GPU. We analyze and compare the performances of all the optimizations based on the execution time and the memory consumed using the Nvidia Nsight Systems profiler tool. The optimizations gave approximately a 4.5x increase in the runtime performance when compared to a naive training on the GPU, without compromising the model performance. Finally we discuss optiGANs future work and how we are planning to scale the model on GPUs.
Investigating the ability of PINNs to solve Burgers’ PDE near finite-time blowup
Authors: Kumar Dibyakanti , Mukherjee Anirbit 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been achieving ever newer feats of solving complicated Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) numerically while offering an attractive trade-off between accuracy and speed of inference. A particularly challenging aspect of PDEs is that there exist simple PDEs which can evolve into singular solutions in finite time starting from smooth initial conditions. In recent times some striking experiments have suggested that PINNs might be good at even detecting such finite-time blow-ups. In this work, we embark on a program to investigate this stability of PINNs from a rigorous theoretical viewpoint. Firstly, we derive error bounds for PINNs for Burgers’ PDE, in arbitrary dimensions, under conditions that allow for a finite-time blow-up. Our bounds give a theoretical justification for the functional regularization terms that have been reported to be useful for training PINNs near finite-time blow-up. Then we demonstrate via experiments that our bounds are significantly correlated to the

ℓ
2

-distance of the neurally found surrogate from the true blow-up solution, when computed on sequences of PDEs that are getting increasingly close to a blow-up.