bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpreting Uncemented Multistage Hydraulic-Fracturing Completion Effectiveness Using Fiber-Optic DTS Injection Data
Authors: Holley E. H. , Molenaar M. M. , Fidan E.. , Banack B.. 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Tight-gas, low-permeability reservoirs offer a tremendous challenge with respect to effectively completing and draining a target reservoir. Openhole-packer completions in horizontal wells offer a cost-efficient means of accessing the entire lateral section, assuming the target pay can be effectively stimulated. The challenge with openhole completions compared to more conventional cased, cemented, and limited-entry perforated completions is understanding and controlling hydraulic-fracture geometry; specifically, the number and location of fracture-initiation points and the fracturing-fluid flow into the near- wellbore (NWB) area of the reservoir.
Fiber-optic-based distributed temperature sensing (DTS) offers a method for identifying, quantifying, and evaluating the NWB fracture geometry, the fracturing-fluid distribution in these broad openhole sections, and overall stimulation effectiveness. DTS can also reveal success or issues with respect to effective zonal isolation when using mechanical isolation during the hydraulic-fracturing process.
In this particular case study, a lateral well in a basin-centered gas (BCG) area was completed with swell-packer interval isolation using fracture sleeves for reservoir access. By coupling fracture-treatment responses and openhole log characteristics with the NWB DTS data during pumping and warm-back, an integrated assessment of the completion stimulation effectiveness and efficiency was performed.
The end result of this assessment provided an improved understanding of the current completion performance and allowed optimization of openhole completion projects for future wells in this same area.
Influence of Rock Properties and Geomechanics on Hydraulic Fracturing: A Case Study from the Amin Deep Tight Gas Reservoir, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Perumalla Satya , Santagati Antonio , Addis Tony , Al-Mahrooqi Sultan , Curtino Joe , Briner Andreas , Mjeni Rifaat , Qobi Latifa 
Published: January 2012

AbstractPetroleum Development Oman is actively developing tight gas reservoirs which include the Paleozoic Amin Formation in Northern Oman.Natural fractures in this reservoir can be critically stressed and permeable at in-situ stress conditions, however, production may not be sufficient for commerciality. Experience from tight gas reservoirs in Oman and around the world shows that production is often only commercially feasible when the formations are hydraulically fractured.The low porosities (3-10%) and permeabilities (1-0.001 mD) of this Amin formation, are reflected in the mechanical properties of the formation, with high compressive strengths (100 – 250 MPa). These high strength values limit not only fracture initiation, but also the identification of suitable intervals favorable for fracturing, which has become a critical factor for a successful stimulation program.High in-situ stresses and large variability in pore pressure and rock properties are also observed at the Amin level. The pressure distribution in this area is believed to be affected by compartmentalization and faulting, which is accompanied by a significant variation in stress orientation across the major fault systems of Northern Oman, which may influence well planning strategy.Geomechanical characterization of Amin using open-hole logs and conventional petrophysical techniques are seen to be inadequate for characterising this reservoir for hydraulic fracturing zone selection and design. Understanding the uncertainties in the models resulting from data inputs is the key in identifying and justifying potential intervals for fracturing.This paper discusses how core based laboratory tests combined with log data were used to improve the geomechanical model to identify intervals favourable for fracturing, while providing a geomechanical framework for explaining fracturing successes and failures in offset wells. This work is continuing, in parallel with other completion optimization efforts, in order to increase the success rate of hydraulic fracturing in the Amin and to help establish a successful development strategy.
Shale Exploration Methodology and Workflow
Authors: Pitcher Jason , Buller Dan , Mellen Mike 
Published: January 2012

AbstractExploration for shales has become an integral part of many operators’ processes in the North American shale boom. While leveraging public data in existing plays is a major advantage, when looking outside those existing areas, a comprehensive plan must be developed. The shale-exploration methodology is fundamentally different from conventional exploration, with different drivers and metrics.Shale exploration requires an exploration program that includes a heavy data-acquisition element. Beyond the initial geological identification of the prospect, wells need to be drilled to evaluate the potential of the shale prospect. Extensive coring, open-hole logging and formation pressure testing are required to answer four basic questions: Does the shale have enough total organic content? Does the shale have the thermal maturity necessary? Does the shale have the stimulation potential? Does the sale have a simple structural environment conducive to horizontal drilling? Once these questions have a satisfactory answer, the key shale properties can be mapped using multiple sources with the goal of identifying core areas suitable for further horizontal well evaluation.This paper describes the process and workflow for a data-acquisition program and demonstrates not only the benefits of acquiring specific data, but also highlights the uses of the data to aid the exploration decision process. Examples are given of the type data acquired, and the analytical workflow is discussed.
Technology Challenges and Emerging Solutions
Authors: Day Paul , Purkis Dan , Mason Jane , Hatton Shirley 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
Traditional fracture completion systems are often inefficient. They suffer from friction and pressure losses, large hydraulic horsepower requirements, premature openings with frequent screen-outs, and time-consuming multiple downhole operations.
A monobore, or a single size ball system with disappearing seats, addresses many of the drawbacks to a traditional fractured completion. By minimizing friction losses and pressure drops, monobore systems increase fracture effectiveness throughout the well while decreasing hydraulic horsepower requirements at the surface by up to 60%. The system delivers higher flow rates, lower stimulation pressures, reduced surface pressures, less equipment, smaller pad sizes and higher safety at less cost.
In this paper the authors will describe the design and advantages of a monobore system with one size ball and disappearing seats.
The New FDA Labeling for ESA—Implications for Patients and Providers
Authors: Manns Braden J. , Tonelli Marcello 
Published: January 2012

Summary
Recent clinical trials comparing the use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents targeting low (generally a hemoglobin of 90–115 g/L) and near-normal hemoglobin targets (generally a hemoglobin >130 g/L) in patients with chronic kidney disease have shown no improvements in clinical outcomes (aside from a small reduction in transfusion) and potential harm for erythropoiesis-stimulating agents use targeting near-normal hemoglobin targets. Based on these results, the US Food and Drug Administration recently released modified recommendations for more conservative dosing of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with CKD. These recommendations now stress individualizing therapy for each patient and using the lowest possible erythropoiesis-stimulating agents dose required to reduce the need for transfusions. The evolution in the management of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease over time and the recent evidence that has stimulated these labeling changes is discussed. Also, the US Food and Drug Administration labeling changes are discussed, and areas of controversy are highlighted. Although the US Food and Drug Administration labeling changes are based on the results of recent large randomized trials testing ESAs targeting near-normal hemoglobin levels, more specific guidance to clinicians would have been helpful.
Metabolomic Profiling of Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Metabolism in Youth With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mihalik Stephanie J. , Michaliszyn Sara F. , de las Heras Javier , Bacha Fida , Lee SoJung , Chace Donald H. , DeJesus Victor R. , Vockley Jerry , Arslanian Silva A. 
Published: January 2012

OBJECTIVE
We compared acylcarnitine (AcylCN) species, common amino acid and fat oxidation (FOX) byproducts, and plasma amino acids in normal weight (NW; n = 39), obese (OB; n = 64), and type 2 diabetic (n = 17) adolescents.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fasting plasma was analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry, body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography, and total-body lipolysis and substrate oxidation by [2H5]glycerol and indirect calorimetry, respectively. In vivo insulin sensitivity (IS) was assessed with a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp.

RESULTS
Long-chain AcylCNs (C18:2-CN to C14:0-CN) were similar among the three groups. Medium- to short-chain AcylCNs (except C8 and C10) were significantly lower in type 2 diabetes compared with NW, and when compared with OB, C2-, C6-, and C10-CN were lower. Amino acid concentrations were lower in type 2 diabetes compared with NW. Fasting lipolysis and FOX were higher in OB and type 2 diabetes compared with NW, and the negative association of FOX to C10:1 disappeared after controlling for adiposity, Tanner stage, and sex. IS was lower in OB and type 2 diabetes with positive associations between IS and arginine, histidine, and serine after adjusting for adiposity, Tanner stage, and sex.

CONCLUSIONS
These metabolomics results, together with the increased rates of in vivo FOX, are not supportive of defective fatty acid or amino acid metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes in youth. Such observations are consistent with early adaptive metabolic plasticity in youth, which over time—with continued obesity and aging—may become dysfunctional, as observed in adults.
Construct Validity of Clinical Tests for Alar Ligament Integrity: An Evaluation Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Osmotherly Peter G. , Rivett Darren A. , Rowe Lindsay J. 
Published: January 2012

Background
The alar ligaments are integral to limiting occipito-atlanto-axial rotation and lateral flexion and enhancing craniocervical stability. Clinical testing of these ligaments is advocated prior to the application of some cervical spine manual therapy procedures. Given the absence of validation of these tests and the potential consequences if manipulation is applied to an unstable upper cervical spine segment, exploration of these tests is necessary.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the direct effect of the side-bending and rotation stress tests on alar ligaments using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Design
This was a within-participant experimental study.

Methods
Sixteen participants underwent MRI in neutral and end-range stress test positions using proton density-weighted sequences in a 3-Tesla system. Measurements followed a standardized protocol relative to the position of the axis. Distances were measured from dens tip to the inferior margin of the foramen magnum and from midsubstance of the dental attachment of the ligament to its occipital insertion. Between-side differences were calculated for each measurement to account for inherent asymmetries in morphology. Differences were compared between the test and neutral positions using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results
Side-bending stress tests produced a median between-side difference in ligament length of +1.15 mm. Rotation stress tests produced a median between-side difference in ligament length of +2.08 mm. Both results indicate increased measurement of the contralateral alar ligament.

Limitations
Assessment could be made only in the neutral position due to imaging limitations. Clinical texts state that tests should be performed in 3 positions: neutral, flexion, and extension.

Conclusions
Both side-bending and rotation stress testing result in a measurable increase in length of the contralateral alar ligament. This finding is consistent with mechanisms that have been described to support their use in clinical practice.
Fantasmes originaires et revoilement adolescent
Authors: Reniers Dominique , Lesourd Serge 
Published: January 2012

Résumé Le concept de fantasme originaire n’a pas connu de réel développement théorique dans l’œuvre freudienne. Ces fantasmes originaires présentent pourtant un intérêt considérable dans la mesure où ils instancient une conception du réel originale. La littérature analytique montre qu’ils sont souvent confondus avec les théories sexuelles infantiles. Il s’agit ici d’en saisir la valeur particulière au niveau de ce qui, dans l’adolescence, est marqué par la réactualisation d’une jouissance primordiale, celle de la chair qui est hors loi phallique. Une telle analyse mène à interroger l’hystérisation adolescente dans les deux voies de la sexuation qu’elle fonde et qui se supportent justement d’une dimension fantasmatique originaire orientée vers la contenance pour la fille, vers la contestation de la demande de l’Autre pour le garçon.
Medical English M-Learning: Positioning a New Paradigm in E-Education
Authors: Arani Jafar Asgari 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT- This study uses Depth Interview as a research instrument to study users' perceptions and acceptance of the potential use of mobile phones in a prospective design for learning Medical English, a mandatory course in medicine.
Almost all the respondents (93%) across graduates and students were unanimous about the need to learn English through M-Learning. When respondents were asked to suggest ideas on how medical English can be taught through mobiles (unaided question), 49% suggested SMS and 27% suggested SMS & Live Calls.
The survey indicates that there is a unanimous demand to learn English amongst students and graduates of medicine in a new e-education setting called M-learning. Constraints imposed by oneâ??s occupation and available resources expose the limitations of traditional learning and opens up a huge opportunity for M-English learning. Irrespective of differences, potential learners accepted the credibility of M-learning and displayed willingness to be an active user of an M-learning module. Diversity of responses on potential frequency of usage for SMSs, preferences regarding listening to IVR, speaking to Live Callers, traditional classroom learning, M-learning and testing options will establish at a primary level that the means of â??engagementâ??, â??presenceâ?? and â??flexibilityâ?? can be significantly different â??betweenâ?? and â??withinâ?? different educational groups.
Interaction of Ets-1 with HDAC1 Represses IL-10 Expression in Th1 Cells
Authors: Lee Choong-Gu , Kwon Ho-Keun , Sahoo Anupama , Hwang Won , So Jae-Seon , Hwang Ji-Sun , Chae Chang-Suk , Kim Gi-Cheon , Kim Jung-Eun , So Hong-Seob , Hwang Eun Sook , Grenningloh Roland , Ho I-Cheng , Im Sin-Hyeog 
Published: January 2012

Abstract
IL-10 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a crucial role in immunity and tolerance. IL-10 is produced by diverse immune cell types, including B cells and subsets of T cells. Although Th1 produce IL-10, their expression levels are much lower than Th2 cells under conventional stimulation conditions. The potential role of E26 transformation-specific 1 (Ets-1) transcription factor as a negative regulator for Il10 gene expression in CD4+ T cells has been implicated previously. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of Ets-1–mediated Il10 gene repression in Th1 cells. Compared with wild type Th1 cells, Ets-1 knockout Th1 cells expressed a significantly higher level of IL-10, which is comparable with that of wild type Th2 cells. Upregulation of IL-10 expression in Ets-1 knockout Th1 cells was accompanied by enhanced chromatin accessibility and increased recruitment of histone H3 acetylation at the Il10 regulatory regions. Reciprocally, Ets-1 deficiency significantly decreased histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) enrichment at the Il10 regulatory regions. Treatment with trichostatin A, an inhibitor of HDAC family, significantly increased Il10 gene expression by increasing histone H3 acetylation recruitment. We further demonstrated a physical interaction between Ets-1 and HDAC1. Coexpression of Ets-1 with HDAC1 synergistically repressed IL-10 transcription activity. In summary, our data suggest that an interaction of Ets-1 with HDAC1 represses the Il10 gene expression in Th1 cells.
Postlaryngectomy Tracheal Cast
Authors: Poddar Anil , Kedia Piyush 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTTracheal cast formation postlaryngectomy is common in patients with dry, inspissated secretions, more so in dry weather, but is rarely large enough to cause significant respiratory distress. Our patient had significantly large tracheal casts to cause respiratory distress even with a widely patent tracheostoma.
A Case of Plummer-Vinson Syndrome Esophageal Web Dysphagia treated by Dilatation with Cuffed Endotracheal Tube
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Naik Sarika S , Ravishankara S , Shivakumar MC , Appaji Mohan K 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTBackground/objectivesPlummer-Vinson syndrome also known as sideropenic dysphagia is a disease characterized by chronic iron-deficiency anemia, dysphagia and esophageal web. It commonly affects white female in the 4th to 7th decade. Most of the dysphagia and iron deficiency can be treated by iron supplementation and rarely web dilatation is needed.SettingDepartment of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery and Anesthesia, KVG Medical College, Sullia, Karnataka, India.Case reportA 36-year-old female with dysphagia of 10 months and iron-deficiency anemia with a small upper esophageal web seen on upper GI endoscopy and barium swallow.InterventionConservative line of management with blood transfusion and dilatation of the web with cuffed endotracheal tube.ResultsA good symptomatic and radiological improvement was seen after blood transfusion and web dilatation with cuffed endotracheal tube.ConclusionCuffed endotracheal tube dilatation is a better way of managing upper esophageal webs with minimal complications under general anesthesia.
Intramuscular Hemangioma of the Masseter: Erectile Hemangioma
Authors: Jain Vikash , Bahri Nandini , Parekh Hiral P , Mody Swati S 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTIntramuscular hemangiomas are rare benign congenital neoplasms of vascular origin. They account for less than 1% of all hemangiomas and less than 20% of these are found in head and neck and present in 2nd and 3rd decade. The masseter is the most frequently involved site in the head and neck. Because of their infrequency, deep location and unfamiliar presentation, these lesions are seldom correctly diagnosed clinically and usually present as facial swelling causing facial asymmetry. A case of intramuscular hemangioma occurring in masseter muscle of an 8-year-old girl is presented here. Ultrasonography, color Doppler and Gd-enhanced MRI were performed and a presumptive diagnosis of hemangioma was considered which was subsequently confirmed by excision biopsy.
Prevalence of Dental Caries among 13 and 15-Year-Old School Children in an Endemic Fluorosis Area: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sudhakar P , Reddy K Amarendher , Anuradha BR , Laxmi G Sri , Malik VN , Reddy S Nagalaxmi , Prasanna A Lakshmi 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis among 13- to 15-year-old school children in Panyam, Andhra Pradesh, India.Materials and methodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted among 202 school children and were examined for dental fluorosis and dental caries.ResultsThis study shows that male students have a decrease in DMFT (Decayed, missing, filled, teeth) index and increase in Dean's index when compared with females. Among students with 13 to 15 years of age, 13-year-old student has increase in DMFT score when compared with other age groups and 14-year-old students has increase in Dean's score when compared with other age group students.ConclusionThe prevalence of dental caries decreased with the increase of fluorosis among the students examined.Clinical significancePatients with dental fluorosis show a decreased prevalence of dental caries.How to cite this articleAnuradha BR, Sri Laxmi G, Sudhakar P, Malik VN, Reddy KA, Reddy SN, Prasanna AL. Prevalence of Dental Caries among 13 and 15-Year-Old School Children in an Endemic Fluorosis Area: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(6):447-450.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Surface Epithelial Cells in Erosive and Nonerosive Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Thakur Manjiri , Hazare Vinay 
Published: January 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
Aim of the study is to study the surface epithelial cells of erosive, nonerosive lichen planus by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and to correlate it with that of normal mucosa and oral leukoplakia.

Materials and methods
Twenty biopsies of lichen planus and five biopsies of normal mucosa were taken. Half piece of each biopsy was processed for H&E stain and another half for SEM study.

Result
Surface epithelial cells were showing different features.

Conclusion
Definite different features were seen in lichen planus-leukoplakia group than in normal oral mucosa. These changes are due to abnormality in cell maturation and differentiation.

Clinical significance
SEM study is helpful in early detection of dysplasia. It can lead to early treatment of the lesion and thus prevention of squamous cell carcinoma.

How to cite this article
Thakur M, Hazare V. Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Surface Epithelial Cells in Erosive and Nonerosive Oral Lichen Planus. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011; 12(6):463-468.