bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors for central venous access device failure in hospitalized adults: A multivariable analysis of 1892 catheters
Authors: Corley Amanda , Royle Ruth H. , Marsh Nicole , Larsen Emily N. , Playford E. Geoffrey , McGrail Matthew R. , Runnegar Naomi , Ware Robert S. , Gavin Nicole C. , Alexandrou Evan , Murgo Marghie , Gowardman John R. , Regli Adrian , Rickard Claire M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundCentral venous access devices (CVADs) allow intravenous therapy, haemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling but many fail before therapy completion.ObjectiveTo quantify CVAD failure and complications; and identify risk factors.Designs, Settings, and ParticipantsSecondary analysis of multicentre randomised controlled trial including patients aged ≥16 years with a non‐tunnelled CVAD (NTCVAD), peripherally‐inserted central catheter (PICC) or tunnelled CVAD (TCVAD). Primary outcome was incidence of all‐cause CVAD failure (central line‐associated bloodstream infection [CLABSI], occlusion, accidental dislodgement, catheter fracture, thrombosis, pain). Secondary outcomes were CLABSI, occlusion and dislodgement. Cox regression was used to report time‐to‐event associations.ResultsIn 1892 CVADs, all‐cause failure occurred in 10.2% of devices: 49 NTCVADs (6.1%); 100 PICCs (13.2%); 44 TCVADs (13.4%). Failure rates for CLABSI, occlusion and dislodgement were 5.3%, 1.8%, and 1.7%, respectively. Independent CLABSI predictors were blood product administration through PICCs (hazard ratio (HR) 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–5.55); and in TCVADs, one or two lumens, compared with three to four (HR 3.36, 95%CI 1.68–6.71), intravenous chemotherapy (HR 2.96, 95%CI 1.31–6.68), and diabetes (HR 3.25, 95%CI 1.40–7.57). Independent factors protective for CLABSI include antimicrobial NTCVADs (HR 0.23, 95%CI 0.08–0.63) and lipids in TCVADs (HR 0.32, 95%CI 0.14–0.72). NTCVADs inserted at another hospital (HR 7.06, 95%CI 1.48–33.7) and baseline infection in patients with PICCs (HR 2.72, 95%CI 1.08–6.83) were predictors for dislodgement. No independent occlusion predictors were found. Modifiable risk factors were identified for CVAD failure, which occurred for 1‐in‐10 catheters. Strict infection prevention measures and improved CVAD securement could reduce CLABSI and dislodgement risk.
Clinical guideline highlights for the hospitalist: GOLD COPD update 2024
Authors: Cornelius Teresa 
Published: May 2024

GUIDELINE TITLE: Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2024 Report)RELEASE DATE: December 4, 2023PRIOR VERSIONS: Initial report was released in 2001 with major revisions in 2006, 2011, 2017, and 2023. This 2024 release is an update to the 2023 major revisionDEVELOPER: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD)FUNDING SOURCE: GOLDTARGET POPULATION: Adults with a diagnosis of or at risk for COPD
Optimizing peripubertal growth in a child with short bowel syndrome on full oral feeding with glucagon‐like peptide 2 analog
Authors: Romanchuk Anastasiia , Bravi Michela , Tebaldi Paola , D'Antiga Lorenzo , Norsa Lorenzo 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTeduglutide is a glucagon‐like peptide 2 (GLP‐2) analog which acts by increasing intestinal absorption of the remnant bowel for children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) dependent on parenteral nutrition. We present a 13‐year‐old male patient with type 2 SBS (55 cm of jejunum) from necrotizing enterocolitis on full oral feeding from the age of 12 months. Because of faltering growth from the age of 11 despite oral hyperphagia, he started Teduglutide at the standard dose. Eighteen months after Teduglutide start the young boy gained 10 kg in weight and 13 cm in height with a significant reduction in bowel distension. No adverse events were reported during the treatment. Pubertal spurt might be impaired in children with SBS on full oral feeding if the caloric need is not met by the residual intestinal absorption rate. GLP‐2 analog might represent an option to sustain pubertal spurt in SBS children on full oral feeding with hyperphagia.
Effect of neoadjuvant therapy regimens on lymph nodes yield in rectal cancer
Authors: Ray‐Offor Emeka , Nagarajan Arun , Horesh Nir , Emile Sameh H. , Gefen Rachel , Garoufalia Zoe , Dourado Justin , Parlade Albert , Da Silva Giovanna , Wexner Steven 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPathological nodal staging is relevant to postoperative decision‐making and a prognostic marker of cancer survival. This study aimed to assess the effect of different total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) regimens on lymph node status following total mesorectal excision (TME) for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients treated for node‐positive clinical stage 3 LARC with TNT between January 2015 and August 2022. Patients were stratified into induction therapy and consolidation therapy groups. Variables collated included patient demographics, clinical and radiological characteristics of the tumor, and pathology of the resected specimen. Primary outcome was total harvested lymph nodes.ResultsNinety‐seven patients were included (57 [58.8%] males; mean age of 58.5 ± 11.4 years). The induction therapy group included 85 (87.6%) patients while 12 (12.4%) patients received consolidation therapy. A median interquartile range value of 22.00 (5.00–72.00) harvested lymph nodes was recorded for the induction therapy group in comparison to 16.00 (16.00–47.00) in the consolidation therapy arm (p = 0.487). Overall pathological complete response rate was 34%.ConclusionTotal harvested nodes from resected specimens were marginally lower in the consolidation therapy group. Induction therapy may be preferrable to optimize postoperative specimen staging.
Impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy on postoperative complications after surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Shou Matthew , Habib Daniel Roy Sadek , Idrees Kamran , Hawkins Alexander , Ford Molly , Lee Hanjoo , Khan Baryalay , Khan Aimal 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite the increasing use of immunotherapy in treating various cancer types, there is still limited understanding of its impact on surgical complications. We used a national database to examine the difference in surgical outcomes for rectal cancer patients who received standard neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus neoadjuvant immunotherapy and patients who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation only.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used the National Cancer Database (NCDB). We selected patients aged 18–90 with T1‐3, N1‐2, and M0 rectal cancer who underwent curative‐intent surgery between 2010 and 2020. We performed a 1:1 propensity match to control for patient age, sex, Charlson–Deyo comorbidity index, surgical approach, and tumor site. Our primary outcome was difference in surgical outcomes (hospital length of stay, unplanned 30‐day readmission, 30‐day mortality) between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included days from diagnosis to surgery and pathologic outcomes.ResultsOur study included 26 229 patients, of which 126 received immunotherapy in addition to chemoradiation and 26 103 received only chemoradiation. In our matched population of 125 pairs of patients, patients who received immunotherapy and chemoradiation underwent surgery later compared to patients who only received chemoradiation (median 245 vs. 144 days, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in median length of stay (5 vs. 5 days, p = 0.202), unplanned 30‐day readmission (7 vs. 9, p = 0.617), and 30‐day mortality (0 vs. 1, p = 1.000) between the two groups.ConclusionNeoadjuvant immunotherapy for rectal cancer is not associated with adverse surgical outcomes. This work can help clinicians optimize treatment protocols and move closer toward strategies tailored to specific patient profiles.
Determination of organic acids for predicting sourness intensity of tea beverage by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and chemometrics methods
Authors: Liu Meiyan , Shi Lijuan , Guo Jie , Gu Ying , Li Siyu , Yi Lunzhao , Ren Dabing , Li Boyan 
Published: May 2024

The contents of organic acids (OAs) in tea beverage and their relationship with taste intensity have not been fully understood. In this work, a rapid (10 min for a single run) and sensitive (limits of quantification: 0.0044–0.4486 µg/mL) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 17 OAs in four types of tea, based on liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring mode. The contents of 17 OAs in 96 tea samples were measured at levels between 0.01 and 11.80 g/kg (dried weight). Quinic acid, citric acid, and malic acid were determined as the major OAs in green, black, and raw pu‐erh teas, while oxalic acid and tartaric acid exhibited the highest contents in ripe pu‐erh tea. Taking the OAs composition as input features, a partial least squares regression model was proposed to predict the sourness intensity of tea beverages. The model achieved a root‐mean‐square error of 0.58 and a coefficient of determination of 0.84 for the testing set. The proposed model provides a theoretical way to evaluate the sensory quality of tea infusion based on its chemical composition.
Earlobe‐based advancement flap for helical rim defect: A review of 30 cases
Authors: Le Guern Aurore , Gillard Manon , Oberle Marion , Lebas Damien 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundVarious techniques have been proposed for helical rim reconstruction, including local flaps, grafts, and prosthetics. The earlobe‐based advancement flap (ELBAF) by Zilinsky, introduced in 2014, has emerged as a simple and effective method for helical rim ear defect reconstruction.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy and complications of ELBAF in the reconstruction of helical rim defects.MethodsA retrospective single‐centre study was conducted on 30 consecutive cases with helical defects undergoing ELBAF procedures for cancer reconstruction between January 2014 and June 2023. Patient demographics, indications, surgical details, complications, and postoperative outcomes were assessed.ResultsThe study included 30 patients (mean age 79.4 years) with helical defects, mainly due to basal cell carcinoma (n = 13) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 14). The helical rim defects were distributed in the upper (n = 12), middle (n = 9), and lower (n = 9) thirds. Triangular excisions through the ear lobe were performed in more than 60% of cases. The average defect length was 2.3 cm, and the average surgery time was 25 min. Complications included one case of partial necrosis and three cases of partial dehiscence, with successful corrections in two cases.ConclusionsOur experience with ELBAF in 30 cases demonstrates its reliability for helical rim reconstruction, with a high success rate. The technique, known for its simplicity, provides satisfactory aesthetic outcomes, supporting its consideration as a viable option for helical rim defects.
The effects of habitat, weather, and raptors on northern bobwhite abundance at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Edwards John T. , Hernández Fidel , Wester David B. , Brennan Leonard A. , Parent Chad J. , Perez Robert M. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRangelands in the southwestern United States represent a current stronghold for northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus); however, bobwhite populations in rangelands exhibit extreme inter‐annual variability in abundance in relation to fluctuating weather patterns. Recent declining bobwhite population trends within this region have led to the supposition that landscape‐scale processes, such as habitat loss and fragmentation and predation from increased raptor abundance, may be acting in conjunction with weather to reduce bobwhite populations. Our objective was to determine the relative effects of these factors on bobwhite populations in the rangeland environments of Texas and Oklahoma, USA. We obtained publicly available datasets for bobwhite counts (Breeding Bird Survey, state‐agency roadside counts), weather (PRISM), land cover (National Land Cover Database), and raptors (Christmas Bird Counts) for 3 5‐year periods (1990–1994, 1999–2003, 2009–2013). Data were collected at route and landscape scales based on routes within the Rio Grande Plains region of Texas and the Central Mixed Grass Prairie region of Texas and Oklahoma. We used generalized linear mixed models with a backward selection approach to determine top models for each dataset based on scale and ecoregion. Covariate relationships with bobwhite abundance followed expected patterns, with positive relationships with habitat, precipitation, and minimum temperatures and negative relationships with maximum temperatures and raptor abundance. Weather variables were the factors most consistently selected within both regions, while minimum winter temperature was overall the top variable. These relationships occurred within a landscape still containing relatively vast amounts of unfragmented bobwhite habitat (>60% rangeland; >15 million ha). Management within these regions should be focused on retaining habitat at a broad scale, while managing for suitable cover at a local scale to help mitigate weather effects.
Mucosal emphysematous head and neck infections: Scoping review and a case of emphysematous tonsillitis
Authors: Moffatt Clare , Maldonado Solymar Torres , Evans Lauran K. , Azizyan Avetis , Blackwell Keith E. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis scoping review seeks to understand the existing research in otolaryngological mucosal emphysematous infections and to elucidate gaps in knowledge in the field. We also present a case of bilateral necrotizing tonsillitis in an immunocompromised patient with the first reported imaging findings of emphysematous abscess of the tonsils.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, Web of Science.Review MethodsWe conducted our review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews extension for Scoping Reviews. Patient presentation, management, and outcomes were summarized. We also describe the case of a patient with aplastic anemia found to have emphysematous tonsillitis, managed with intubation, broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics and bilateral tonsillectomy.ResultsWe identified seven case reports or series, involving nine total patients, who presented with emphysematous epiglottitis, supraglottitis, or tonsillitis. The hallmark imaging characteristic was submucosal “gas bubble” on computed tomography. Presenting symptoms included dysphagia, odynophagia, dysphonia, cough, and fever. Both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients were affected. All patients were treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, and most with steroids. Patients at risk of airway compromise also underwent intubation and surgical drainage or debridement of the emphysematous infection.ConclusionEmphysematous pharyngeal infections are rare but potentially life‐threatening infections that can progress rapidly, resulting in airway compromise and sepsis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. We highlight the importance of swift intervention, with intubation and surgical intervention often required for severe cases. More research is needed on common pathogens and patient risk factors to guide future medical and surgical management.
Exploring Diffractive Optical Elements and Their Potential in Free Space Optics and imaging‐ A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Khonina S.N. , Kazanskiy N.L. , Butt M.A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDiffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) are indispensable tools across numerous technological domains due to their capacity to manipulate light with sophistication and versatility. Their compact dimensions, lightweight nature, and compatibility with diverse materials render DOEs as prime candidates for integration into various optical systems, spanning from consumer electronics to state‐of‐the‐art scientific devices. Thus, DOEs stand as essential catalysts in technological advancement, facilitating innovation and unlocking new applications across a broad spectrum of disciplines. In this comprehensive review paper, Numerous types of DOEs widely acknowledge for their efficacy in both free space optics and imaging applications are delved. Beyond mere enumeration, their practical applications, elucidating their transformative impact on these fields are carefully examined. Furthermore, the challenges encountered in their implementation are dissected, paving the way for insightful discussions on future trajectories and advancements.
Self‐Excited Free‐Standing VO2 Film for Infrared Optical Limiter
Authors: Zhao Shanguang , Li Liang , Zhu Jinglin , Liu Meiling , Zhou Ting , Zhou Changqi , Lin Zhihan , Li Jianjun , Sun Bowen , Lu Yuan , Zou Chongwen 
Published: May 2024

AbstractEffective optical limiters (OLs) are necessary devices for the protection of various sensitive photo‐detectors, cameras, infrared sensors, or even the human eyes once encountering unexpected high‐intensity illumination or laser blinding attacks. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) shows pronounced infrared switching behavior across the phase transition, which is considered as an idea optical limiter for broad‐band infrared laser protection. However, the self‐adapting optical limiter function based on VO2 is quite difficult to realize since the open‐state absorptance of the VO2 layer is always very low, which makes the laser irradiation cannot trigger the phase transition quickly. In the current study, a self‐excited VO2 infrared optical limiter is proposed, which is integrated by a transferred VO2 layer, InGaAs micro/nano wires, and a local heater. Based on the“optical response–electric heating” strategy, the phase transition of VO2 layer can be quickly triggered once the incident laser beam intensity exceeds the pre‐set threshold value. In addition, this integrated device has an excellent switching ratio, flexible controllability, and stability. This work achieves a practical VO2 optical limiter device and provides a promising strategy for developing VO2‐based integrated multifunctional devices in the future.
Mucin‐Inspired Polymeric Fibers for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Inhibition
Authors: Arenhoevel Justin , Schmitt Ann‐Cathrin , Kerkhoff Yannic , Ahmadi Vahid , Quaas Elisa , Ludwig Kai , Achazi Katharina , Nie Chuanxiong , Bej Raju , Haag Rainer 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMucus lines the epithelial cells at the biological interface and is the first line of defense against multiple viral infections. Mucins, the gel‐forming components of mucus, are high molecular weight glycoproteins and crucial for preventing infections by binding pathogens. Consequently, mimicking mucins is a promising strategy for new synthetic virus inhibitors. In this work, synthetic mucin‐inspired polymers (MIPs) as potential inhibitors of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) are investigated. By using a telechelic reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique, a new dendronized polysulfate p(G1AAm‐OSO3)PDS with an amide‐backbone similar to the native mucin glycoproteins is synthesized. p(G1AAm‐OSO3)PDS shows mucin‐like elongated fiber structure, as revealed in cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) imaging, and its HSV‐1 inhibition activity together with its previously reported methacrylate analogue p(G1MA‐OSO3)PDS is tested. Both of the sulfated MIPs show strong HSV‐1 inhibition in plaque reduction assays with IC50 values in lower nanomolar range (<3 × 10−9 m) and demonstrate a high cell compatibility (CC50 > 1.0 mg mL−1) with lower anticoagulant activity than heparin. In addition, the prophylactic and therapeutic activity of both MIPs is assessed in pre‐ and post‐infection inhibition assays and clearly visualize their high potential for application using fluorescent microscopy imaging of infected cells.
You designed that yourself for me? Vicarious pride in customized gift exchange
Authors: Pizzetti Marta , Acuti Diletta , Soscia Isabella , Gibbert Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn four studies, we found that receiving a customized gift leads recipients to appreciate the gift more highly because of vicarious feelings of pride. This vicarious pride is the same feeling that the customizer experiences after having self‐customized a product. In the first two experiments with real‐life pairs of friends, vicarious pride was documented among recipients of customized gifts. The findings show that the relationship between customization and gift appreciation is mediated by vicarious pride. Study 3 and Study 4 replicate the results of the first series of experiments, and reveal the role of vicarious pride in enhancing state self‐esteem and, in turn, gift appreciation. Study 4 also tests the effect of a relational variable (i.e., relationship anxiety) on this relationship. Specifically, relationship anxiety affects vicarious pride, and then consequently state self‐esteem and gift appreciation, which are only enhanced by customization when the relationship is not anxious. As a practical implication, this research emphasizes the importance of communicating gift customization to gift recipients to enhance their gift experience and appreciation.
Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in adult cadavers: A descriptive study and clinical significance
Authors: Han Yueyin , An Mingjie , Zilundu Prince L. M. , Zhuang Zhuokai , Chen Junyu , Jiang Zhen , Gu Liqiang , Yang Jiantao , Wang Dong , Xu Dazheng , Zhou Li‐Hua 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundBrachial plexus injury is recognized as one of the most severe clinical challenges due to the complex anatomical configuration of the brachial plexus and its propensity for variation, which complicates safe clinical interventions. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence and characterize the types of brachial plexus variations, and to elucidate their clinical implications.Materials and MethodsWe conducted meticulous dissections of 60 formalin‐fixed cadavers' upper arm, axilla and lower neck to reveal and assess the roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and branches of the brachial plexus. The pattern of branching was noted by groups of dissecting medical students and confirmed by the senior anatomists. The variations discovered were record and photographed using a digital camera for further analysis.ResultsVariations in the brachial plexus were identified in 40 of the 60 cadavers, yielding a prevalence rate of 66.7%. These variations were classified into root anomalies (2.1%), trunk anomalies (8.5%), division anomalies (2.1%), and cord anomalies (4.3%). Notably, anomalies in communicating branches were observed in 39 cadavers (83.0%): 14 with bilateral anomalies, 14 with anomalies on the left side, and 11 on the right side. These communicating branches formed connections between the roots and other segments, including trunks, cords, and terminal nerves, and involved the median, musculocutaneous, and ulnar nerves.ConclusionThe frequency and diversity of brachial plexus variations, particularly in communicating branches, are significant in cadavers. It is imperative that these variations are carefully considered during the diagnostic process, treatment planning, and prior to procedures such as supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks and nerve transfers, to mitigate the risk of iatrogenic complications.