bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam in patients diagnosed with refractory epilepsy: A real‐world study
Authors: Silva Rui , Colom Helena , Almeida Anabela , Bicker Joana , Carona Andreia , Silva Ana , Sales Francisco , Santana Isabel , Falcão Amílcar , Fortuna Ana 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesLevetiracetam is a widely used antiseizure drug in patients with refractory epilepsy due to its specific mechanism of action. This study aimed to develop and validate a population pharmacokinetic model (PopPK) to optimize levetiracetam dosing in patients with refractory epilepsy.MethodsA total of 256 plasma concentrations of levetiracetam, obtained from 135 patients, were employed for PopPK model development, applying a nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling methodology. Evaluation of the final model was performed by visually inspecting the goodness‐of‐fit plots generated, bootstrap resampling, and visual predictive check (VPC). In addition, 60 plasma concentrations, obtained from other 37 patients, were used for external validation of the developed model.ResultsA one‐compartment model with first‐order elimination best described the pharmacokinetic profiles of levetiracetam. Between‐patient variability (BPV) was included on apparent clearance (CL/F), and the residual error (RE) was modeled as proportional. The estimates for CL/F, apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F), and absorption rate constant (ka) of the final model were 3.73 L/h, 35.10 L, and 1.35 h−1, respectively. BPV associated with CL/F was 18.30%, and the proportional RE was 21.21%. The co‐administration of other antiseizure drugs that are metabolic inducers, the glomerular filtration rate, and the body weight were identified as significant covariates for CL/F, whereas body surface area was the only covariate with significant impact on the Vd/F. The bootstrap, VPC, and external evaluation collectively validated the stability and predictive performance of the final model.SignificanceA reliable PopPK model was successfully developed and validated, offering a valuable tool for tailoring levetiracetam dosing regimens and enhancing drug effectiveness and safety in adult patients with refractory epilepsy.
Post‐mortem computed tomography features associated with fracture of the fetlock joint in racing Thoroughbreds
Authors: Beck Catherine , Hitchens Peta L. , Whitton R. Christopher 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPost‐mortem studies have shown that fractures involving the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal or fetlock joint are associated with focal areas of microdamage. Identification of computed tomography (CT) features consistent with microdamage and their association with fracture may aid in identification of horses at risk of fracture.ObjectivesTo identify CT features associated with fracture of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joint.Study designRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPost‐mortem CT images of 367 limbs from 157 Thoroughbred racehorses were graded for CT features. Multivariable logistic regression models were generated. Intraclass correlation coefficients of key CT features to assess intra and inter‐rater reliability were calculated.ResultsThe presence of lysis within the subchondral/trabecular bone underlying the lateral and, or, medial parasagittal groove (PSG) of the distal third metacarpus/tarsus (odds ratio [OR] 9.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.3–21.3; p < 0.001) and sclerosis of the palmar subchondral and trabecular bone underlying the lateral and medial PSG that projected proximoaxially (OR 4.6; 95% CI 1.1–19.02; p = 0.03) were associated with condylar fracture. The presence of a proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) lytic lesion (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.2–23.6; p = 0.03) and increasing medial PSB density (OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.03; p < 0.001) were associated with PSB fracture. Palmar osteochondral disease grade was not associated with condylar (p = 0.8) or PSB fracture (p = 0.09). Inter rater reliability was moderate for the presence of PSG lysis (ICC 0.7; 95% CI 0.6–0.8) and shape of sclerosis in the lateral condyle (ICC 0.6; 95% CI 0.5–0.8).Main limitationsThe extent of lysis within the PSG and the volume of the PSB could not be as accurately obtained in limbs with multiple fracture fragments.ConclusionsCT examination of fetlock joints post‐mortem identified changes associated with both metacarpal condylar fracture and PSB fracture in racehorses. These findings show that pre‐race CT screening has the potential to reduce fracture rates.
The Efficacy of Relationship Education for Improving Children's Outcomes: A Multi‐Informant, Multi‐Method Study
Authors: Kanter Jeremy B. , Lannin Daniel G. , Ratliff H. Cailyn , Rauer Amy J. , Sprecher Susan , Ogolsky Brian G. , Yazedjian Ani 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough relationship education (RE) programs aim to improve parents' communication with one another with the hope that it will enhance children's mental health, few studies have investigated if such spillover actually occurs. Therefore, drawing from a sample of 431 families from the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project, the present study examined the relations between parental participation in a RE program and children's subsequent distress, as well as mechanisms that may explain these effects. Using a multi‐informant (focal child and parents) and multi‐method (self‐report and observational assessments) longitudinal design, the current study examined whether randomization into RE programming predicted children's exposure and emotional reactivity to interparental conflict and if decreases in parents' negative communication mediated these effects. Results based on mothers' reports indicated that when parents received RE, children's exposure to conflict decreased. However, these findings were not corroborated by fathers or children. There were also no differences in children's emotional reactivity across conditions, and observable communication did not mediate the relation between randomization into RE and children's outcomes. Together, there was minimal evidence for the efficacy of RE on children's functioning. Results underscore the importance of evaluating multiple family members' perspectives and highlight the need for future work to consider these pathways in samples experiencing greater distress.
Low Cycle Fatigue Response and Cyclic Life Prediction Model of Ultra‐Pure 26Cr2Ni4MoV Steel Under Strain‐ and Stress‐Controlled Loading
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Xiaodi , Yu Hongfei , Liu Peng , Cheng Yuan , Ren Xuechong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe low cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior and stress–strain responses of ultra‐pure 26Cr2Ni4MoV steel were studied under symmetric strain/stress‐controlled cycling (R = −1) at room temperature. The characteristic features of cyclic stages—saturation, stable descent, and rapid descent—were identified in both loading modes. Additionally, tension–compression asymmetry (TCA) significantly affected cyclic resistance, with ratcheting strain in stress‐controlled cycling reducing the fatigue life. In contrast, strain‐controlled conditions exhibit minimal cyclic asymmetry, indicating a negligible mean stress effect on fatigue life. Significant cyclic softening was observed in both control modes. Quantitative analysis using the cyclic softening factor () showed it was independent of strain amplitude but correlated with stress amplitude. Furthermore, a novel energy‐based Manson–Coffin (EBMC) model was proposed for unified fatigue life prediction, incorporating strain energy and mean stress effects. The EBMC model demonstrated significantly improved prediction accuracy and validation compared to the hysteresis loop strain energy, Smith–Watson–Topper, and Basquin models.
The Evolution of Scope Economies in European Banking Industry
Authors: Zong Jichuan , Zhang Jiyuan , Zhao Shirong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe global financial crisis has raised new policy debates regarding the bank's size, especially among the largest banks. Using nonparametric, local‐linear methods, we provide new estimates of scope economies in cost, revenue, and profit for European commercial banks during 2000–2020. Our findings reveal that a substantial proportion of banks demonstrated economies of scope (EOS) annually: approximately 45% in cost, at least 61% in revenue, and no less than 67% in profit. These findings indicate that EOS may partly account for the sustained growth and expansion of European banks during this period.
Integration of Multiple Data Types to Document Spatial Effort in a Recreational Fishery for Highly Migratory Species in Relation to Offshore Wind Development
Authors: Kneebone Jeff , Davis Matthew , Knotek Ryan , Capizzano Connor , Kim Edward , McCandless Camilla T. , Chaibongsai Peter , Merten Wessley , Orbesen Eric S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe expansion of offshore wind interests in US waters has raised concern over potential adverse impacts to fisheries activity and productivity. Yet evidence‐based platforms for assessing those impacts are lacking for many recreational fisheries. We demonstrate how data from a federal fishery survey (Large Pelagics Intercept Survey [LPIS]), cooperative tagging programs, and the direct survey of recreational fishermen can be used to characterize the spatial extent of baseline (pre‐construction) effort in a recreational fishery that targets highly migratory fishes (HMS) in US territorial waters of the Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean. To document the location of effort, LPIS catch data and tag, release, and recapture (CTR) records from four cooperative tagging programs were independently aggregated onto a grid of offshore wind lease blocks. An online survey of recreational fishermen was also executed to assess the spatial extent of effort in relation to a Draft Call Area (DCA) in the Gulf of Maine region. Collectively, the LPIS and CTR data described widespread recreational fishing effort for HMS, including within and around the majority of existing and planned offshore wind lease areas. Responses to the online survey revealed more widespread effort within the Gulf of Maine DCA than both the LPIS and CTR data, but some respondents may have overrepresented true levels of fishing effort. Our results demonstrate the need for multiple data types to comprehensively assess offshore wind impacts on the recreational HMS fishery and to inform marine spatial planning in regions into which offshore wind energy development may be expanded.
Leaf Temperatures in an Indian Tropical Forest Exceed Physiological Limits but Durations of Exposures Are Currently Not Sufficient to Cause Lasting Damage
Authors: Javad Akhil , Premugh Vikhyath , Tiwari Rakesh , Bandaru Peddiraju , Sunny Ron , Hegde Balachandra , Clerici Santiago , Galbraith David , Gloor Manuel , Barua Deepak 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIncreasing temperatures in the tropics will reduce performance of trees and agroforestry species and may lead to lasting damage and leaf death. One criterion to determine future forest resilience is to evaluate damage caused by temperature on Photosystem‐II (PSII), a particularly sensitive component of photosynthesis. The temperature at which 50% of PSII function is lost (T50) is a widely used measure of irreversible damage to leaves. To assess vulnerability to high temperatures, studies have measured T50 or leaf temperatures, but rarely both. Further, because extant leaf temperature records are short, duration of exposure above thresholds like T50 has not been considered. Finally, these studies do not directly assess the effect of threshold exceedance on leaves. To understand how often, and how long, leaf temperatures exceed critical thresholds, we measured leaf temperatures of forest and agroforestry species in a tropical forest in the Western Ghats of India where air temperatures are high. We quantified species‐specific physiological thresholds and assessed leaf damage after high‐temperature exposure. We found that leaf temperatures already exceed T50. However, continuous exposure durations above critical thresholds are very skewed with most events lasting for much less than 30 min. As T50 was measured after a 30‐min exposure, our results suggest that threshold exceedances and exposure durations for lasting damage are currently not reached and will rarely be reached if maximum air temperatures increase by 4°C. Consistent with this, we found only minor indications of heat damage in the forest species. However, there were indications of heat‐induced reduction in PSII function and damage in the agroforestry leaves which have lower T50. Our findings suggest that, for forest species, while high‐temperature thresholds may be surpassed, durations of exposure above thresholds remain short, and therefore, are unlikely to lead to irreversible damage and leaf death, even under 4°C warming.
Medicinal Cannabis and Consumer Vulnerability in Australia: A Nexus of Policy and Market Factors
Authors: Gething Katrina , Erku Daniel , Scuffham Paul 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionFollowing the 2016 legalization of medicinal cannabis (MC) in Australia, significant barriers have led patients to seek unregulated cannabis for therapeutic use. This study examines consumer (patient, carer and family) submissions to a senate inquiry on these barriers to understand how future policy might better reflect patient needs and facilitate access to regulated MC.MethodsSixty submissions from patients (n = 44), their caregivers or family members (n = 16) were coded using NVivo 12 software and thematically analysed. The findings were presented narratively using a consumer vulnerability framework.ResultsThe analysis identified three primary barriers to accessing regulated MC: (1) Health practitioners' reluctance to prescribe MC, hindering prescription access, (2) High costs associated with MC and its access process, disproportionately affecting low‐income consumers and (3) Dependence on imported MC products, leading to shortages and necessitating product substitutions that incur additional costs and bureaucratic hurdles. Despite these barriers, consumers demonstrated resilience by educating themselves about MC, planning for prescription needs and forming support networks. Patients also turned to illicit MC markets.ConclusionThe study reveals significant barriers to regulated MC access in Australia, highlighting the complex challenges consumers face. The reliance on unregulated sources of MC not only poses legal and health risks but also underscores the urgent need for policy reforms. By addressing the identified barriers, such as alleviating the costs associated with MC and improving approval processes and ensuring product availability, policymakers can better meet consumer needs and facilitate safer access to regulated MC.Patient or Public ContributionThe materials of this document analysis were patient and public submissions to a government enquiry into barriers to a health technology. By providing submissions, both patients and the public were actively engaging in the development of health policy.
Understanding the Consumers' Experiences of Safewards: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Authors: Mullen Antony , Happell Brenda , Hamilton Bridget , Skinner Stephanie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSafewards is a model and set of interventions with demonstrated effectiveness in reducing conflict and containment which are associated with negative consumer experiences within inpatient mental health settings. Safewards has been widely adopted internationally as a way of enhancing safety and reducing restrictive practices. Despite this, consumers' experiences of Safewards and its effect on their personal safety are less understood and therefore require further exploration. This qualitative exploratory study sought to explore consumers' experiences of Safewards in acute inpatient mental health units. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was used for reporting purposes. Fifteen consumers across two sites participated in semi‐structured focus groups. Thematic analysis generated four themes: (1) engaging consumers in Safewards, (2) consumers supporting each other, (3) interacting and communicating and (4) access, availability and expectations. Participants expressed positive views about Safewards and wanted to be more involved in its day‐to‐day application. Enhanced consumer involvement in Safewards was associated with improved safety and wellbeing for consumers within acute inpatient mental health units. These findings have the potential to influence practice towards improving the consumers experience of Safewards. This requires an exploration of ways to harness informal consumer supports, recognising that consumers need to spend meaningful time with nurses to feel safe and acknowledging that all forms of restrictive practice have an impact on consumers within acute inpatient environments.
Forecasting China's inflation rate: Evidence from machine learning methods
Authors: Xu Xingfu , Li Shufei , Liu Wei‐han 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe conduct a comprehensive analysis of eight machine learning models (partial least squares, scaled principal components, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, ridge regression, random forest, gradient boost decision trees, support vector machines, and neural networks) and the forecast combination method to forecast China's inflation. We use an extensive monthly dataset of 28 predictors with the data period covering January 2000 to December 2022. Our empirical outcomes show that these models beat the autoregressive benchmark regarding out‐of‐sample R squares. We evaluate the gradient boost decision tree (GBDT) and the forecast combination model as the most effective machine learning tools for forecasting China's inflation rate across various forecasting horizons and evaluation criteria. Moreover, our analysis of variable importance (Gu, Kelly, and Xiu 2020) demonstrates that the retail price index of food and the producer price index of total industry products are the two most dominant predictive signals. These outcomes reflect that structural components and cost‐push factors primarily influence China's inflation rate. Our conclusions are robust across various settings.
Mediating Effect of Turnover Intention on the Relationship Between Job Burnout and Quiet Quitting in Nurses
Authors: Gün İbrahim , Çetinkaya Kutun Feyza , Söyük Selma 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of turnover intention in the relationship between job burnout and quiet quitting among nurses and shed light on the associations between job burnout, turnover intention and quiet quitting intention.DesignThis study was designed as a descriptive, cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 317 nurses were selected using convenience sampling approach from a training and research hospital in Turkey. Quiet quitting, job burnout and turnover intention data were collected using the self‐reported questionnaires using paper‐and‐pencil versions. Pearson correlation analysis, independent sample t‐test and mediation analysis was conducted with Process v4.3.ResultsStatistically significant associations among job burnout, turnover intention and quiet quitting were found (p < 0.05). Job burnout had a positive effect on turnover intention (β = 0.339, p < 0.001) and quiet quitting (β = 0.245, p < 0.001). Additionally, turnover intention had a positive and significant effect on quiet quitting intention of nurses (β = 0.336, p < 0.001). Moreover, mediation analysis revealed that the association of job burnout with quiet quitting was partially mediated by turnover intention (β = 0.034, 95% CI [0.019, 0.054]).ConclusionThis study enrich our understanding of the associations among study variables and suggest that focusing solely on job burnout without considering the mediating effects of turnover intention might not be adequate for reducing the quiet quitting intention among nurses.ImpactThis study shed light on how job burnout and turnover intention of nurses affect their quiet quitting intention. It has been proven that turnover intention is a significant factor in the relationship between job burnout and quiet quitting. These findings could provide guidance for managers in the administration of nurses.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Non‐Indigenous Canadians’ Attitudes Toward Renaming or Removing Statues as a Reconciliation Strategy
Authors: Shayegh John , Choma Becky , Cila Jorida , Herkimer Jaiden 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTReconciliation with Indigenous Peoples has been a named priority for many post‐colonial societies. In this context, in August 2018, Victoria City Hall in Canada removed the statue of Sir John A. Macdonald, Canada's first Prime Minister, from its grounds; similar events followed across Canada. Research on this issue is lacking but can offer useful insights to researchers and policymakers. To understand how non‐Indigenous Canadians respond to renaming or removing statues in the name of reconciliation, we qualitatively analysed online comments posted under news articles reporting the removal of Macdonald's statue (Study 1). Two narratives aimed at delegitimising renaming/removing emerged: depicting the actions as excessive ‘political correctness’ (PC) that represented the values of a powerful, but minority, outgroup of ‘liberal elites’; and depicting the actions as a symbolic threat to the ingroup through notions of ‘rewriting history’. In Study 2, with a Canadian community sample, we investigated anti‐PC attitudes and symbolic intergroup threat via rewriting history as predictors of support for reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples. Given the central role of ideological beliefs in intergroup attitudes, we examined RWA and SDO as predictors of anti‐PC attitudes, symbolic threat in the form of rewriting history, and support for reconciliation. Path analysis results showed that RWA and SDO indirectly predicted lower support for renaming/removing via higher anti‐PC attitudes and higher symbolic threat. Collectively, this research provides evidence that anti‐PC and symbolic threat are important constructs in relation to responses to reconciliation proposals in Canada with potential implications for other post‐colonial societies.
Shoot Fly Resistance in Sorghum: An Overview
Authors: Arora Naveen , Bhattacharya Joorie , Shankhapal Aishwarya R. , Mishra Suraj Prashad , Desale Ashutosh , Jaba Jagdish , Nitnavare Rahul B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSorghum is an annual diploid C4 plant largely grown for food, fodder and feed purposes. Several insect pests pose major challenges to sorghum production from the seedling stage to maturity, among which the sorghum shoot fly Atherigona soccata (Rondani) is a major pest across Asia, Africa and Mediterranean Europe. Infestation by the pest is prevalent both during rainy and postrainy seasons. The exploitation of host‐plant resistance can play a vital role in breeding for resistance to shoot flies. The shoot fly causes significant grain and fodder yield losses in sorghum in semi‐arid regions. An integrated approach for host‐plant resistance that combines morphological, genetic/molecular and agronomic approaches is key for the management of shoot fly infestations and the subsequent increase in sorghum productivity. To complement traditional breeding approaches, intervention in genomic approaches is required to enhance breeding efficiency. This review focuses on genetic approaches in sorghum for integrating shoot fly resistance and exploring genetic inheritance, variability and trait associations, including shoot fly resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs).