bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NADPH oxidase overexpression in human colon cancers and rat colon tumors induced by 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP)
Authors: Wang Rong , Dashwood Wan‐Mohaiza , Nian Hui , Löhr Christiane V. , Fischer Kay A. , Tsuchiya Naoto , Nakagama Hitoshi , Ashktorab Hassan , Dashwood Roderick H. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractNADPH oxidase/dual‐oxidase (Nox/Duox) family members have been implicated in nuclear factor kappa‐B (NFκB)‐mediated inflammation and inflammation‐associated pathologies. We sought to examine, for the first time, the role of Nox/Duox and NFκB in rats treated with the cooked meat heterocyclic amine carcinogen 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP). In the PhIP‐induced colon tumors obtained after 1 year, Nox1, Nox4, NFκB‐p50 and NFκB‐p65 were all highly overexpressed compared with their levels in adjacent normal‐looking colonic mucosa. Nox1 and Nox4 mRNA and protein levels also were markedly elevated in a panel of primary human colon cancers, compared with their matched controls. In HT29 human colon cancer cells, Nox1 knockdown induced G1 cell cycle arrest, whereas in Caco‐2 cells there was a strong apoptotic response, with increased levels of cleaved caspase‐3, ‐6, ‐7 and poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase. Nox1 knockdown blocked lipopolysaccharide‐induced phosphorylation of IκB kinase, inhibited the nuclear translocation of NFκB (p50 and p65) proteins, and attenuated NFκB DNA binding activity. There was a corresponding reduction in the expression of downstream NFκB targets, such as MYC, CCND1 and IL1β. The results provide the first evidence for a role of Nox1, Nox4 and NFκB in PhIP‐induced colon carcinogenesis, including during the early stages before tumor onset. Collectively, the findings from this investigation and others suggest that further work is warranted on the role of Nox/Duox family members and NFκB in colon cancer development.
High‐throughput live‐cell imaging reveals differential inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by human fibroblasts
Authors: Flaberg Emilie , Markasz Laszlo , Petranyi Gabor , Stuber Gyorgy , Dicső Ferenc , Alchihabi Nidal , Oláh Èva , Csízy István , Józsa Tamás , Andrén Ove , Johansson Jan‐Erik , Andersson Swen‐Olof , Klein George , Szekely Laszlo 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that cancer development requires changes both in the precancerous cells and in their microenvironment. To study one aspect of the microenvironmental control, we departed from Michael Stoker's observation (Stroker et al, J Cell Sci 1966;1:297–310) that normal fibroblasts can inhibit the growth of admixed cancer cells (neighbour suppression). We have developed a high‐throughput microscopy and image analysis system permitting the examination of live mixed cell cultures growing on 384‐well plates, at the single cell level and over time. We have tested the effect of 107 samples of low passage number (<5) primary human fibroblasts from pediatric and adult donors, on the growth of six human tumor cell lines. Three of the lines were derived from prostate carcinomas, two from lung carcinomas and one was an EBV‐transformed lymphoblastoid line. Labeled tumor cells were grown in the presence of unlabeled fibroblasts. The majority of the tested fibroblasts inhibited the proliferation of the tumor cells, compared to the control cultures where labeled tumor cells were co‐cultured with unlabeled tumor cells. The proliferation inhibiting effect of the fibroblasts differed depending on their site of origin and the age of the donor. Inhibition required direct cell contact. Mouse 3T3 fibroblasts inhibited the growth of SV40‐transformed 3T3 cells and human tumor cells, showing that the inhibitory effect could prevail across the species barrier. Our high‐throughput system allows the quantitative analysis of the inhibitory effect of fibroblasts on the population level and the exploration of differences depending on the source of the normal cells.
Rational Design of Multifunctional Polymer Therapeutics for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Ofek Paula , Miller Keren , Eldar‐Boock Anat , Polyak Dina , Segal Ehud , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAlthough anti‐angiogenic agents offer great therapeutic potential, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that these agents, used as monotherapies, have a delayed onset of activity and may have only limited effects on advanced malignancies. Multimodality targeted polymer therapeutics that include anti‐angiogenic agents and chemotherapeutics offer the potential for improved efficacy and diminished toxicity in the treatment of cancer and other angiogenesis‐dependent diseases. We have recently designed and characterized novel combined anti‐angiogenic and antitumor polymer–drug conjugates that target both the tumor and its microenvironment. These conjugates include combined anti‐angiogenic and chemotherapeutic drugs, such as TNP‐470 and paclitaxel, respectively. Several conjugates also incorporate bisphosphonates as targeting moieties for bone metastases and osteosarcomas or RGD peptidomimetics that target integrins overexpressed on tumor endothelial cells and several tumor cells. Using molecular imaging techniques, we have successfully established dormant and fast‐growing tumor mouse models to intravitally non‐invasively follow‐up tumor progression and response to novel polymer therapeutics. Our results point at our polymer therapeutics as novel bi‐specific conjugates targeting both the tumor epithelial and endothelial compartments, warranting their use on a wide spectrum of primary as well as metastatic tumors. The use of these novel architectures will potentially shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor dormancy and hopefully transform cancer into a chronically‐manageable disease.
Comparative study of tumor hypoxia by diffuse optical spectroscopy and immunohistochemistry in two tumor models
Authors: Maslennikova Anna V. , Orlova Anna G. , Golubiatnikov German Yu. , Kamensky Vladislav A. , Shakhova Natalia M. , Babaev Aleksey A. , Snopova Ludmila B. , Ivanova Irina P. , Plekhanov Vladimir I. , Prianikova Tatyana I. , Turchin Ilya V. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe capabilities of diffuse optical spectroscopy for noninvasive assessing of oxygen status in experimental tumors have been demonstrated. Specific features of the distribution of total hemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxygenated hemoglobin, and blood‐oxygen saturation were shown on two tumor models having different histological structure and functional characteristics. The results obtained by the optical technique were verified by immunohistochemical study of tissue samples marked with exogenous marker of hypoxia – pimonidazole. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Clinical application of multiphoton tomography in combination with high‐frequency ultrasound for evaluation of skin diseases
Authors: König Karsten , Speicher Marco , Köhler Martin J. , Scharenberg Rüdiger , Kaatz Martin 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe first‐ever application of high‐frequency ultrasound combined with multiphoton tomography (MPT) and dermoscopy in a clinical trial is reported. 47 patients with different dermatoses such as benign and malign skin cancers, connective tissue diseases, inflammatory skin diseases, and autoimmune bullous skin diseases have been investigated with (i) state‐of‐the‐art and highly sophisticated ultrasound systems for dermatology, (ii) the femtosecond laser multiphoton tomograph and (iii) dermoscopes. Dermoscopy provides two‐dimensional color images of the skin surface with a magnification up to 70×. Depending on the ultrasonic frequencies from 7.5 MHz to 100 MHz, the signal depth varies from about 1 mm to 80 mm. Vertical ultrasound wide‐field images provide fast information on depth and volume of the lesion. The 100 MHz ultrasound allows imaging with resolutions down to 16 μm (axial) and 32 μm (lateral). Multiphoton tomography provides 0.36 × 0.36 × 0.001 mm3 horizontal optical sections of a particular region of interest with submicron resolution down to 200 μm tissue depth. The autofluorescence of mitochondrial coenzymes, keratin, melanin, and elastin as well as the network of collagen structures can be imaged. The combination of ultrasound and MPT opens novel synergistic possibilities in diagnostics of skin diseases with a special focus on the early detection of skin cancer as well as the evaluation of treatments. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Osteoblast-specific expression of MEF induces osteopenia through downregulation of osteoblastogenesis and upregulation of osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Seul Keyung-Jo , Cho Hye-Sim , Heo Sun-Hee , Baek Wook-Young , Kim Jung-Eun , Park Eui Kyun , Choi Je-Yong , Ryoo Hyun-Mo , Cho Je-Yoel 
Published: August 2010

Abstract
In bone remodeling, various transcriptional factors are involved, and the deficiency or overexpression of some of these factors results in bone defects. Myeloid elf-1-like factor (MEF) is one of the Ets transcription factors that control the expression of genes that are critical for biologic processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. Previously, we reported that MEF promotes cell proliferation and functions as a negative regulator of osteogenic differentiation by interacting directly with Runx2 and suppressing its transcriptional activity. To investigate the in vivo function of MEF in bone formation and bone remodeling in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress MEF in osteoblasts under the control of the 2.3-kb Col1α1 promoter, named Col1α1-MEF. Femoral bone in Col1α1-MEF transgenic mice exhibited low bone mass with fewer trabecular bones and thinner and less developed cortical bones. The mineralized volume fraction (BV/TV) and bone-forming rate (BFR) were remarkably decreased to about 63% and 40%, respectively, in 6-week-old MEF transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. In addition, reduced bone mineral density was observed in lumbar vertebrae of Col1α1-MEF transgenic mice. The number of TRACP+ osteoclasts was increased in Col1α1-MEF transgenic mice and MEF-overexpressing MC3T3-E1 cells. All these in vivo results suggest that MEF suppresses bone formation by osteoblasts and facilitates bone resorption by activating osteoclasts indirectly. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Recycling and LFA‐1‐dependent trafficking of ICAM‐1 to the immunological synapse
Authors: Jo Jae‐Hyeok , Kwon Min‐Sung , Choi Hyang‐Ok , Oh Hyun‐Mee , Kim Hyang‐Jin , Jun Chang‐Duk 
Published: August 2010

AbstractLittle is known about how adhesion molecules on APCs accumulate at immunological synapses. We show here that ICAM‐1 on APCs is continuously internalized and rapidly recycled back to the interface after antigen‐priming T‐cell contact. The internalization rate is high in APCs, including Raji B cells and dendritic cells, but low in endothelial cells. Internalization is significantly reduced by inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), suggesting that members of the NHE‐family regulate this process. Once internalized, ICAM‐1 is co‐localized with MHC class II in the polarized recycling compartment. Surprisingly, not only ICAM‐1, but also MHC class II, is targeted to the immunological synapse through LFA‐1‐dependent adhesion. Cytosolic ICAM‐1 is highly mobile and forms a tubular structure. Inhibitors of microtubule or actin polymerization can reduce ICAM‐1 mobility, and thereby block accumulation at immunological synapses. Membrane ICAM‐1 also moves to the T‐cell contact zone, presumably through an active, cytoskeleton‐dependent mechanism. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ICAM‐1 can be transported to the immunological synapse through the recycling compartment. Furthermore, the high‐affinity state of LFA‐1 on T cells is critical to induce targeted movements of both ICAM‐1 and MHC class II to the immunological synapse on APCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 1125–1137, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reynolds adolescent depression scale‐second edition: a reliable and useful instrument
Authors: Osman Augustine , Gutierrez Peter M. , Bagge Courtney L. , Fang Qijuan , Emmerich Ashley 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe authors conducted two studies to address issues of the dimensionality, scale reliability, and psychometric properties of scores on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale‐Second Edition (RADS‐2; Reynolds, 2002) in samples of adolescent psychiatric inpatients. In Study 1 (N=262), they used bifactor analysis to further evaluate the general and specific components of the RADS‐2. In Study 2 (N=196), they used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the fit of a 1‐factor model, the original 4‐factor model, a second‐order model, and a bifactor model to a new sample data. In both studies, the total RADS‐2 and content‐specific subscale scores showed acceptable estimates of reliability (i.e., scale reliability estimates >.80). Estimates of concurrent validity were also examined. Scores of the RADS‐2 total and content‐specific subscale scores were useful in differentiating between the responses of youth with mood disorder diagnoses and those with other primary psychiatric disorder diagnoses. The authors also conducted correlation analyses to identify potential correlates for the total RADS‐2 scale and the proposed subscale scores. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66:1–22, 2010.
Morphology and posthatching ontogeny of the autopodial skeleton of Bolitoglossa nicefori (Caudata: Plethodontidae)
Authors: Cabrera‐Téllez Laura , Tarazona Oscar A. , Ramírez‐Pinilla Martha Patricia 
Published: August 2010

AbstractWebbed foot morphology is a highly homoplastic character in species of Bolitoglossa and has been assumed to be pedomorphic. This study examines the morphology and posthatching ontogeny of the autopodial skeleton of Bolitoglossa nicefori and compares the descriptive and morphometric results with other species of the genus. We show that the autopodial morphology of B. nicefori coincides with the generalized pattern of the genus; webbed foot morphology is produced by pedomorphosis that affect the phalange length of the digits, resulting in a synchronized growth of digits (length and ossification rates) and the fleshy web. Although the webbed foot morphology of B. nicefori might be explained by the pervasive pedomorphic developmental trend observed in the genus, the large degree of variation encountered in the morphology of the distal phalanges indicates that the pedomorphic processes acting in this species are neither a simple truncation of the autopodial developmental program during early posthatching development nor a global process acting over the whole body plan. Instead, this morphological pattern is probably a result of the modular nature of limb development. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Global climate change and its impacts on the terrestrial Arctic carbon cycle with special regards to ecosystem components and the greenhouse‐gas balance
Authors: Jahn Markus , Sachs Torsten , Mansfeldt Tim , Overesch Mark 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe climatic changes on earth may have serious implications for the carbon (C) cycle in the terrestrial Arctic throughout the 21st century. Arctic vegetation takes up carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere producing biomass. In a cold and often moist soil environment, dead organic matter is preferentially preserved as soil organic matter (SOM) due to the inhibition of decomposition processes. However, viable soil microbes exhale huge amounts of CO2 and methane (CH4) annually. Hence, Arctic ecosystems exhibit annual fluxes of both carbon‐based (CO2 and CH4) greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are in an order of magnitude of millions of tons. Rising Arctic temperatures lead to the degradation of much of today's permafrost in the long run. As a result, large quantities of frozen SOM may become available for decomposers, and GHGs that are entrapped in permafrost may be released. At the same time, warming tends to stimulate the growth, development, and reproduction of many Arctic plants, at least transiently. The present northward migration of boreal shrubs and trees into southern tundra areas may be amplified by that, increasing the ecosystems' gross primary production and, thus, their C sequestration. On the other hand, rising temperatures boost SOM decomposition and microbial respiration rates. In general, soil temperature and soil moisture are key environmental variables to control the intensity of aerobic and anaerobic respiration by microbes, and autotrophic respiration by plants.On the basis of published data on Arctic CO2 and CH4 fluxes, the calculations on the terrestrial C‐based Arctic GHG balance made in this review reveal a current annual GHG exchange that ranges between a weak storage of ≤ 225 Tg CO2 equivalent (eq.) y–1 and a huge release of ≤ 1990 Tg CO2 eq. y–1. Hence, the Arctic GHG balance does apparently already contribute positively to the climatic changes at present. Regarding the future, the relative development of the uptake and release of CO2 and CH4 by northern ecosystems is fundamental to the overall GHG status of the Arctic under scenarios of continued climate change.
The impact of silica gel pore and particle sizes on HPLC column efficiency and resolution for an immobilized, cyclodextrin‐based, chiral stationary phase
Authors: Qin Qing , Zhang Sheng , Zhang Wei‐Guang , Zhang Zhen‐Bin , Xiong Ya‐Jin , Guo Zi‐Yuan , Fan Jun , Run‐Zheng Sheng , Finlow David , Yin Yong 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this study, the CD derivative, mono (6A‐azido‐6A‐deoxy)‐per(p‐chlorophenylcarbamonylated) β‐CD was chemically immobilized onto the surface of an amino‐functionalized silica gel with different pore (100, 300, and 500Å) and particle (3, 5, and 10 μm) sizes to obtain novel chiral stationary phases. The impact of pore and particle size on the amount of immobilized Ph‐β‐CD, column performance, and enantioselectivity was investigated by evaluating the separation of a variety of racemates in both the normal‐ and the reversed‐phase modes. Experimental results revealed that the retention factor and resolution of racemates generally decreased with increasing pore size; the column prepared with the smallest (3 μm) silica gel particle size gave the best column performance and enantioselectivity in both the normal‐ and the reversed‐phase modes.
The influence of polymer concentration, applied voltage, modulation depth and pulse frequency on DNA separation by pulsed field CE
Authors: Li Zhenqing , Dou Xiaoming , Ni Yi , Sumitomo Keiko , Yamaguchi Yoshinori 
Published: August 2010

AbstractDNA fragments (0.1–10 kbp (kbp, kilo base pair)) separation by square‐wave pulsed field CE in hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC, 1300 K) polymer was performed in this work. The effects of polymer concentration, pulse field strength, pulse frequency and modulation depth were investigated. We found that low HEC (about 0.1%) concentration is suitable for the separation of small DNA fragments (<1 kbp), whereas higher HEC concentration (>0.5%) is appropriated for high‐mass DNA molecular (>1 kbp) separation. The mobility of DNA fragments is nearly linearly related to average separation voltage under pulsed field conditions. Higher modulation depth is suited to separate the longer DNA fragments and lower modulation depth favors the resolution of short DNA fragments. Thus, the intermediate modulation depth (100%) and pulse frequency (about 31.3 Hz) are prerequisite for high‐resolution DNA separation.
Extension of the C18 stationary phase knowledge by using the carotenoid test
Authors: Lesellier Eric 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe carotenoid test for octadecylsiloxane‐bonded stationary phases used in RPLC was developed some years ago. Additional experiments have now been performed with varied stationary phases. The effect of the bonding density and of the pore diameter on steric selectivity, polar surface activity and hydrophobicity was determined by using YMC series (J'Sphere and Pack ODSA). The test was also extended to estimate the phase evolution of several classical or hybrid silicas. The high loading phases were also studied, as well as the fused core silicas. The effect of the particle size reduction on the three previous phase properties was investigated in the goal to determine in which way this parameter could also modify the chemical properties of the phases.
Narrative exposure therapy for 7‐ to 16‐year‐olds: A randomized controlled trial with traumatized refugee children
Authors: Ruf Martina , Schauer Maggie , Neuner Frank , Catani Claudia , Schauer Elisabeth , Elbert Thomas 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe authors examined the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy for children (KIDNET) in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in refugee children living in exile. Twenty‐six children traumatized by organized violence were randomly assigned to KIDNET or to a waiting list. Significant treatment by time interactions on all PTSD‐relevant variables indicated that the KIDNET group, but not the controls, showed a clinically significant improvement in symptoms and functioning. Success of the KIDNET group remained stable at 12‐month follow‐up. This study confirms previous findings that, if left untreated, PTSD in children may persist for an extended period. However, it also shows that it is possible to effectively treat chronic PTSD and restore functioning in traumatized refugee children in only 8 treatment sessions.
Fear of anxiety as a partial mediator of the relation between trauma severity and PTSD symptoms
Authors: Reuther Erin T. , Davis III Thompson E. , Matthews Russell A. , Munson Melissa S. , Grills‐Taquechel Amie E. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractFear of anxiety has previously been found to be a predictor of overall symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current exploratory study examines the relationship between fear of anxiety and symptoms of PTSD in a sample of adults exposed to Hurricane Katrina. Fear of anxiety was found to partially mediate the relationship between the severity of trauma and the severity of PTSD. Further, this mediation was found to operate differently by gender, with the mediation holding true for men but not for women. For both men and women, fear of anxiety was positively correlated with PTSD symptoms.
Synthesis of Linear Polyamines with Different Amine Spacings and their Ability to Form dsDNA/siRNA Complexes Suitable for Transfection
Authors: Fischer Wiebke , Brissault Blandine , Prévost Sylvain , Kopaczynska Marta , Andreou Ioanna , Janosch Andrea , Gradzielski Michael , Haag Rainer 
Published: August 2010

AbstractIn this paper we report on the synthesis of diversified linear polyamine architectures with different chain lengths and compositions and their interaction with phosphate groups of DNA/siRNA. The polyplex formation between model nucleotide (dsDNA) and these linear polyamines has been determined at different nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratios using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. AFM images showed that while linear poly(ethylene imine) (PEI)/DNA complex results in bigger spherical aggregates, poly(propylene imine)s forms torroid and cigar shaped structures upon complexation with DNA. The poly(butylene imine)s (LPBI)s form compact and soluble DNA complexes with a radii range of Rg = 15–30 nm. Among the studied linear polyamines, the LPBIs did show the best transfection efficiency.magnified image