bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Water by Noncovalent Wrapping with Peptides Screened by Phage Display
Authors: Ejima Hirotaka , Matsumiya Kisei , Yui Hiroharu , Serizawa Takeshi 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
12-mer peptides, which were originally identified by affinity screening for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and poly(phenylenevinylene) (PPV) from phage-displayed peptide libraries, were used as dispersants for single-walled CNTs (SWNTs). The amounts dispersed were then compared under the same experimental conditions. Among the various peptides, Mps01 (HNAYWHWPPSMT) showed the highest dispersion capability. Gly scanning revealed that the Trp and Pro residues were crucial for dispersion. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed that the majority of dispersed SWNTs were debundled and isolated via Mps01 wrapping. AFM height analysis also suggested that the majority of SWNTs were covered by a monolayer of Mps01.
Development of pH-Sensitive Spin-crossover Iron(II) Complex Films, [FeII(diAMsar)]–Nafion: Manipulation of the Spin State by Proton Concentration
Authors: Kamebuchi Hajime , Jo Taketomo , Shimizu Hideharu , Okazawa Atsushi , Enomoto Masaya , Kojima Norimichi 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
We newly synthesized transparent films composed of pH-sensitive spin-crossover complex [FeII(diAMsar)] (diAMsar: 1,8-diaminosarcophagine) and an ion-exchange polymer, Nafion, having different colors corresponding to proton concentration. The UV–vis spectroscopic measurements revealed that the films, which were provided under pH 4, 7, and 10 conditions, showed the spin state depending on pH.
Comparison of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy between Illumination and Dark Conditions
Authors: Adachi Motonari , Noda Kei , Tanino Ryo , Adachi Jun , Tsuchiya Katsumi , Mori Yasushige , Uchida Fumio 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an excellent method to determine simultaneously many parameters concerning electron-transport processes in dye-sensitized solar cells under the same conditions as those for the cell in operation. A number of studies analyzed the electron-transport processes based on EIS measurements under dark conditions, although the photocurrent density–voltage (I–V) measurements were carried out under one-sun illumination conditions. The result of EIS measurement obtained under dark conditions, however, is quite different from that obtained under illumination. The EIS measurement should thus be carried out under the same illumination conditions as the I–V measurement is performed to obtain properly analyzed results in regard to the electron-transport processes. The main factor contributing to such difference between dark and illumination conditions was elucidated to be the difference in the electron density in the steady-state cell performance between dark and illumination conditions.
Cognitive mechanisms underlying relapse to nicotine
Authors: Lester Robin A.J. 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Much of the addictive power of nicotine in humans may be attributable to learned contextual associations, such that these secondary cues become potent predictive incentives for both maintaining and driving relapse to drug use, even after long periods of abstinence. Here, I review the evidence that chronic nicotine in vivo can induce persistent neuronal changes in excitability within the hippocampal circuitry, with a specific emphasis on the dentate gyrus as an initiator of drug use. The relevance of these early homeostatic (can be fully reversed by acute application of nicotine) neuroadaptations on withdrawal from nicotine is then related to known cognitive deficits also produced following chronic nicotine. I briefly discuss how the hippocampus may influence other parts of the reward circuitry to affect chronic drug use and how periods of drug cessation and/or withdrawal may convert these short-term changes into permanent alterations within the brain that may drive craving and/or relapse many years of abstinence.
Full Depth Reclamation of Asphalt Pavements Using Coal Combustion Byproducts
Authors: Butalia Tarunjit S. , Kirch James 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
The objective of this study was to demonstrate the use of Class F coal fly ash in combination with lime or lime kiln dust (LKD) in full depth reclamation (FDR) of failing asphalt pavements. Full-scale test sections (about 4 miles in length) of two structurally deficient asphalt pavements were reclaimed using Class F fly ash in combination with lime and LKD. In addition, control sections were constructed using cement, cement and emulsion, LKD and emulsion, and simple recompaction. The service performance and structural behavior of the reclaimed pavement test sections were monitored to determine how the fly ash sections compared with other admixtures. Service performance and structural behavior were determined through a program of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests and embedded sensors installed at the time of construction. Monitoring results of the FWD tests conducted up to 3 yr after reclamation show that the cement, fly ash and LKD, and fly ash and lime sections exhibited resilient modulus values comparable to soil cement. The cement treatment resulted in a significant increase in resilient modulus within three weeks of the end of construction but beyond this curing time stiffness increase was slow. Tests on fly ash and LKD and fly ash and lime test sections indicated a slower short-term increase in stiffness, but the two fly ash stabilized sections 3 yr after construction exhibit average resilient modulus values of 400–1,300 ksi.
The Retrospective Cohort of Extended‐Infusion Piperacillin‐Tazobactam (RECEIPT) Study: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Yost Raymond J. , Cappelletty Diane M. ,   RECEIPT Study Group
Published: July 2011

Study Objective. To compare the effectiveness of extended‐infusion piperacillin‐tazobactam with that of similar‐spectrum, nonextended‐infusion β‐lactam antibiotics in the treatment of gram‐negative infections.Design. Multicenter, retrospective medical record review.Setting. Fourteen hospitals throughout the United States.Patients. A total of 359 adults treated for gram‐negative infections between January 1, 2007, and February 28, 2010, with either 4‐hour extended‐infusion piperacillin‐tazobactam (186 patients) or nonextended‐infusion comparator antibiotics (173 patients), which consisted of cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem‐cilastatin, meropenem, doripenem, or piperacillin‐tazobactam.Measurements and Main Results. Deidentified data were collected on demographics, renal function, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, chronic health conditions, source of infection and type of organism, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, total length of stay, type and duration of antimicrobial therapy, and in‐hospital mortality. The primary outcome was mortality rate of the patients receiving extended‐infusion piperacillin‐tazobactam versus those receiving nonextended‐infusion comparator antibiotics. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, ICU length of stay, and total duration of antibiotic therapy. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, except a significantly lower proportion of patients in the extended‐infusion group were treated with a concomitant intravenous aminoglycoside (5.9% vs 16.2%, p<0.01), were infected with Pseudomonas species (22.6% vs 39.9%, p<0.01), or had positive respiratory cultures (30.7% vs 43.4%, p=0.01). Antibiotic duration, hospital length of stay, and ICU length of stay were similar between groups. In‐hospital mortality was significantly decreased in the extended‐infusion piperacillin‐tazobactam group versus those receiving comparator antibiotics (9.7% vs 17.9%, p=0.02). Multivariate analysis confirmed that extended‐infusion piperacillin‐tazobactam prolonged survival by 2.77 days (p<0.01) and reduced the risk of mortality (odds ratio 0.43, p=0.05).Conclusion. Pharmacodynamic dosing using extended‐infusion piperacillin‐tazobactam demonstrated favorable outcomes, including mortality, when compared with nonextended‐infusion, similar‐spectrum β‐lactams in the treatment of patients with documented gram‐negative infections. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to further corroborate these findings.
Changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid bone position following orthodontic treatment of Class I bimaxillary protrusion
Authors: Wang Qingzhu , Jia Peizeng , Anderson Nina K. , Wang Lin , Lin Jiuxiang 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Objectives:
To test the hypothesis that the sagittal position of the anterior teeth has no effect on pharyngeal airway dimension or hyoid bone position and to investigate the influence of orthodontic retraction of the anterior teeth on each section of pharynx and hyoid position.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-four Class I bimaxillary protrusion adults, treated with preadjusted appliances and maximum anchorage after extraction of four premolars, were divided into two groups according to their vertical craniofacial skeletal patterns. Pretreatment and posttreatment variables were compared using paired t-test, and the relationship between pharyngeal airway size and dentofacial variables was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. The changes of pharyngeal airway size and hyoid position after treatment were compared between two groups using independent t-test.

Results:
Upon retraction of the incisors, the upper and lower lips were retracted by 2.60 mm and 3.87 mm, respectively. The tip of upper incisor was retracted by 6.84 mm and lower incisor retracted by 4.95 mm. There was significant decrease in SPP-SPPW, U-MPW, TB-TPPW, V-LPW, VAL, C3H, and SH (P &lt; .05). No statistically significant different changes were observed in the dentofacial structures, pharyngeal airway, and hyoid position between the two groups after the treatment. There was a significant correlation between the retraction distance of lower incisor and the airway behind the soft palate, uvula, and tongue.

Conclusions:
The pharyngeal airway size became narrower after the treatment. Extraction of four premolars with retraction of incisors did affect velopharyngeal, glossopharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and hyoid position in bimaxillary protrusive adult patients.
Shear bond strength of brackets to demineralize enamel after different pretreatment methods
Authors: Attin Rengin , Stawarczyk Bogna , Keçik Defne , Knösel Michael , Wiechmann Dirk , Attin Thomas 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Objective:
To compare the influence of demineralized and variously pretreated demineralized enamel on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty bovine enamel specimens were allocated to five groups (n  =  12). Specimens of group 1 were not demineralized and were not pretreated, but served as controls. The other specimens were demineralized to form artificial carious lesions. Samples from group 2 were only demineralized and were kept untreated in artificial saliva. The other samples were pretreated with highly concentrated fluoride preparations (group 3: Elmex Gelee, 1.23% F; group 4: Clinpro White Varnish, 2.23% F) or with an infiltrating resin (group 5: Icon). After respective pretreatments, brackets were adhesively fixed on all specimens with an adhesive system after etching with 35% phosphoric acid and application of a primer and bracket resin cement (Transbond XT). Bracket shear bond strength was evaluated with a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by a post-hoc Scheffé test.

Results:
Shear bond strength in control group 1 was statistically significantly greater compared with that in all other groups. Application of the infiltrating resin Icon (group 5) as pretreatment resulted in statistically significantly greater bond strength as compared with pretreatments with fluoride compounds (groups 3 and 4) and treatment provided without pretreatment (group 2). Groups 2, 3, and 4 did not significantly differ from each other.

Conclusion:
Pretreatment with the infiltrating resin is a beneficial approach to increasing the shear bond strength of brackets to demineralized enamel.
Retrospective study of 476 tibial plateau levelling osteotomy procedures
Authors: Dupuis J. , Planté J. , Moreau M. , Gatineau M. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective: To determine the rate of subsequent ‘pivot shift’, meniscal tear and risk factors associated with complications of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) and to assess clinical and owner perception outcome.Study design: Retrospective study.Sample population: Three hundred and forty-eight dogs that had undergone TPLO surgical procedures (n = 476 stifles).Methods: Medical records were reviewed for the retrieval of information on breed, sex, age, body weight, clinical history, radiograph findings, pre- and postoperative tibial plateau angle, limb alignment, unilateral versus bilateral disease, condition of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and menisci, implant material, healing time and complications. Clinical and owner-assessed questionnaire outcomes were also recorded.Results: Forty-six (9.7%) postoperative complications were reported. Twenty (4.2%) were classified as major complications requiring an additional surgical intervention, and 26 (5.5%) as minor complications. No risk factors associated with postoperative complications were identified. Ten (2.1%) subsequent meniscal injuries in the stifles with normal unaltered menisci at time of TPLO were reported with a median postoperative time of 9.5 months. Signs of postoperative ‘pivot shift’ were reported in 15 (3.1%) stifles. All stifles with a ‘pivot shift’ had a complete CCL rupture or a debrided partial CCL rupture a medial menisectomy was identified as a risk factor for a ‘pivot shift’ (p = 0.02). Dogs with intact medial meniscus had a significantly higher activity level (p <0.0001) and a shorter time to peak function (p = 0.02) than dogs that underwent menisectomy according to an owner questionnaire.Conclusions: Dogs with TPLO and intact meniscus seemed to have a better and faster recovery than dogs with TPLO and menisectomy based on owner questionnaires. ‘Pivot shift’ was infrequent after TPLO surgery. All dogs with a ‘pivot shift’ had a complete CCL rupture or a debrided partial CCL rupture and menisectomy was identified as a risk factor for its occurrence.Clinical relevance: Considering the relatively low rate of subsequent meniscal injury after TPLO, systematic medial meniscal release with TPLO may be unnecessary. The ‘pivot shift’ deserved further investigation to completely understand its mechanism, to identify its anatomic components and potential consequences on the stifle joint.
A cryogenic clamping technique that facilitates ultimate tensile strength determinations in tendons and ligaments
Authors: Bowser J. E. , Elder S. H. , Rashmir-Raven A. M. , Swiderski C. E. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective: To describe the use of a cryogenic clamp of novel design for tensile strength testing of tendinous and ligamentous tissues with inherently high tensile strength.Methods: Inexpensive, easily machined steel clamps were manufactured to facilitate rapid insertion into a standard wedge-screw grip apparatus installed on a testing system with a control system attached. The deep digital flex-or tendon (DDFT) of six horses was trimmed to a uniform dumbbell shape and secured in clamps using partial submersion in liquid nitrogen for approximately 45 seconds and immediately tested. Approximate time between removal from liquid nitrogen and failure of tendon was four minutes.Results: Failure was achieved in all tendons tested in a region approximating a midpoint between the clamps. Ultimate failure loads of up to 6745 N were achieved without slippage of the tissue from the grips. The ultimate tensile strength of the normal equine DDFT determined in this study was 111.82 ± 11.53 N/mm2, and the stress versus grip-to-grip elongation plots for our equine DDFT were representative of a standard non-linear elastic curve obtained in similar studies.Clinical significance: We present a low cost device for quantifying physical properties of specimens with high connective tissue concentrations and inherent high tensile strength. Results of this study indicate that this device provides a practical alternative to other more costly methods of adequately securing larger tendons and ligaments for tensile strength testing.
Osteogenic differentiation of equine cord blood multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells within coralline hydroxyapatite scaffolds in vitro
Authors: Figueroa R. J. , Koch T. G. , Betts D. H. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjective: To investigate the osteogenic differentiation potential of equine umbilical cord blood-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (CB-MSC) within coralline hydro-xyapatite scaffolds cultured in osteogenic induction culture medium.Methods: Scaffolds seeded with equine CBMSC were cultured in cell expansion culture medium (control) or osteogenic induction medium (treatment). Cell viability and distribution were confirmed by the MTT cell viability assay and DAPI nuclear fluorescence staining, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated after 10 days using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase activity, and secreted osteocalcin concentration. Cell morphology and matrix deposition were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 14 days in culture.Results: Cells showed viability and adequate distribution within the scaffold. Successful osteogenic differentiation within the scaffolds was demonstrated by the increased expression of osteogenic markers such as Runx2, osteopontin, osteonectin, collagen IA increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity increased osteocalcin protein secretion and bone-like matrix presence in the scaffold pores upon SEM evaluation.Clinical significance: These results demonstrate that equine CB-MSC maintain viability and exhibit osteogenic potential in coralline hydroxyapatite scaffolds when induced in vitro. Equine CB-MSC scaffold constructs deserve further investigation for their potential role as biologically active fillers to enhance bone-gap repair in the horse.
Arthroscopic surgery of the middle carpal joint in trotting Standard-breds: Findings and outcome
Authors: Ronéus B. , Ljungvall K. 
Published: July 2011

SummaryObjectives: To describe the injuries in the middle carpal joint of trotting Standardbred racehorses in relation to future racing and to review the use of synovectomy in clinical cases.Methods: Review of medical records and racing statistics of clinical cases.Results: Sixty-six percent of horses undergoing arthroscopic surgery of the middle carpal joints returned to racing, but there were only weak associations between future racing success and findings at surgery. Lesions in the middle carpal joint were similar to what have previously been described, but there were no recorded injuries to the intermediate carpal bone in the horses in this sample population.Clinical relevance: Making an accurate prognosis for return to racing based on the findings in the middle carpal joint at the time of surgery appears to be difficult.
Le conditionnement lexical de l'élision des liquides en contexte post-consonantique final
Authors: Pustka Elissa 
Published: July 2011

L’article expose, s’appuyant sur une base empirique large (33 heures de corpus PFC), à quel point le comportement des liquides post-consonantiques finales est conditionné par le lexique, et cela de manière comparable dans des variétés régionales très différentes (français méridional, antillais et parisien). Le taux d’élision de la liquide est, en effet, minimal dans le cas de entre , autour de la moyenne pour être , notre et autre(s) , et maximal pour par exemple , peut-être et par contre . Cela s’explique non par la fréquence de ces mots dans la parole, comme des études antérieures le suggèrent, mais par la fréquence d’apparition du mot en question dans les différents contextes prosodiques, qui, eux, sont liés à des facteurs morphosyntaxiques : plus un mot se trouve dans un contexte de forte cohésion morphosyntaxique et prosodique, plus la liquide sera maintenue – et l’inverse.
La recherche de régularités distributionnelles pour la catégorisation du schwa en français
Authors: Andreassen Helene N. 
Published: July 2011

Malgré un accord prévalent dans la littérature sur l’autonomie du schwa, nous envisagerons ici, en fonction de trois types de données, une analyse plus minimaliste avec le schwa comme variante du /œ/. Des données tirées de jugements montrent des tendances distributionnelles avant tout au niveau de la structure morphologique, renforcées par des données de production. Cependant, suite à l’examen du langage adressé à l’enfant – avec un taux d’absence du schwa légèrement différent – nous proposerons que la distribution à laquelle est exposé l’enfant n’est pas identique à celle de la langue cible adulte, ce qui pourrait avoir des implications pour la catégorisation du schwa.
La liaison en français et la théorie de l'optimalité
Authors: Eychenne Julien 
Published: July 2011

Cet article offre une analyse non représentationnelle de la liaison en français dans le cadre de la théorie de l’optimalité, un cadre grammatical utilisant des contraintes. Nous proposons que les consonnes de liaison soient traitées comme des consonnes à exponence morphologique spécifique qui sont ciblées par des contraintes lexicales co-indexées. Cette analyse offre une synthèse des approches qui ont été proposées jusqu’alors en reconnaissant le statut exceptionnel et idiosyncrasique des consonnes de liaison sans recourir à la problématique notion de flottance. Nous exploitons également un corpus de sept enquêtes issues du projet PFC : nous montrons l’importance relative de la taille du mot, sa catégorie grammaticale, sa fréquence, l’âge des locuteurs et le registre dans la réalisation de la liaison.
Schwa et position initiale revisités : l'éclairage de la prosodie en phonologie du français contemporain
Authors: Lacheret Anne , Lyche Chantal , Tchobanov Atanas 
Published: July 2011

Selon l’hypothèse qui sous-tend notre travail, une perspective lexicaliste est largement insuffisante pour modéliser la variation du schwa en position initiale, celle-ci relevant tout autant de contraintes postlexicales, intonosyntaxiques, voire discursives. Nous abordons la variabilité du schwa sous l’angle fonctionnel et proposons qu’un schwa maintenu dans un site potentiel de chute remplira la même fonction que l’accent : une syllabe avec schwa sera perçue comme proéminente dans le discours, elle émergera comme une figure sur un fond. Il s’ensuit que, toute chose égale par ailleurs, le schwa se maintient lorsqu’il contribue à des marquages linguistiques spécifiques, mais également informationnels et discursifs. À partir d’un codage prosodique et de requêtes croisées, nous analysons quatre points d’enquête de la base PFC (Phonologie du Français Contemporain, http://www.projet-pfc.net/) qui confirment nos hypothèses de départ tout en nous invitant à les préciser.
The Application of PSIM & Matlab/ Simulink in Teaching of Power Electronics Courses
Authors: Khader Sameer Hanna , Abu-aisheh Akram 
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a comparison analysis between two engineering software platforms, Matlab/Simulink & PSIM, which are used as major educational tools in teaching of power electronics and electrical drive courses, in additional to conducted research in these fields. The comparison analysis is based on studying the design simplicity of the module, time consumed in building of the module, accuracy, functionality, simulation time, and the acceptability of obtained results. Various power electronic simulation circuits are illustrated and the results are processed and displayed.
The simulation results states that Matlab/Simulink is a suitable platform for control and regulation of simulation processes, in additional to its dominant role in conducting research tasks. Conversely, PSIM is dedicated to power electronic circuits and machine simulation tasks with fast and robust algorithms and suitable for educational purposes. It is recommended that both packages can be used in teaching power electronics courses.