bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Ritual Performance and Religious Identity
Authors: Pinto Paulo G. , Dumovich Liza 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Tradition is a multifaceted concept and a term with contested meanings. It is usually understood as an unchanging collection of artefacts passed down from generation to generation, where continuity between past and present is expected and assumed. Scholarly studies, however, have shown that tradition is continuously produced and ‘invented’ in order to cope with the present and to imagine a possible future. The articles in this special issue explore different ways in which tradition is imagined, articulated and produced in different religious contexts, in which Islam serves as a focus for reference or contrast. They show that a specific Islamic tradition can undergo profound transformations to the point of losing its connection with Islam, both at the individual and at the social or communal levels.
Mehir (Dower), Gifts of Gold, and Intimate Economies of Marriage in Istanbul
Authors: Kalpaklıoğlu Burcu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Islamic mehir practices (dower) and other financial arrangements during a marriage reveal how marriage, gender and religion are understood and reconfigured in Istanbul today. Drawing on religious women's narratives of mehir and gifts of gold, this article examines the complex interplay between economic transactions and intimate marital relationships in Istanbul, as well as the relation between my interlocutors’ practices of mehir and wedding gifts and their sense of propriety. It suggests that women's ways of understanding and practising economic marriage transactions are ambivalently shaped by intimate entanglements of religion, nuclear family, conjugal love, secular civil law, and reputation and honour. Women uneasily navigate the ambivalences of the intimate sphere as they make decisions and engage in practices related to economic marriage transactions.
Towards a semantic blockchain: A behaviouristic approach to modelling Ethereum
Authors: Bella Giampaolo , Cantone Domenico , Nicolosi Asmundo Marianna , Santamaria Daniele Francesco 
Published: June 2024

Decentralised ledgers are gaining momentum following the interest of industries and people in smart contracts. Major attention is paid to blockchain applications intended for trading assets that exploit digital cryptographic certificates called tokens. Particularly relevant tokens are the non-fungible tokens (NFTs), namely, unique and non-replicable tokens used to represent the cryptographic counterpart of assets ranging from pieces of art through to licenses and certifications. A relevant consequence of the hard-coded nature of blockchains is the hardness of probing, in particular when advanced searchers involving the capabilities of the smart contracts or the assets digitised by NFTs are required. For this purpose, a formal representation for the operational semantics of smart contracts and of tokens has become particularly urgent, especially in economy and finance, where blockchains become increasingly relevant. Hence, we feel the need to tailor Semantic Web technologies to achieve that semantic representation at least for NFTS. This article reports on an ontology that leverages the Ontology for Agents, Systems, and Integration of Services (“OASIS”) towards the semantic representation of smart contracts responsible for managing ERC721-compliant NFTs and running on the Ethereum blockchain. Called Ether-OASIS, the proposed ontology adopts OASIS and tailors its behaviouristic approach to the Ethereum blockchain by conceiving smart contracts as agents running on the blockchain and, consequently, smart contract interactions as agent commitments. Smart contracts are represented in terms of their actions, purposes and tokens that they manage, thus realising a blockchain that is more usable both by users and automated applications. The ontology is evaluated using standard ontological metrics and applied on a case study concerning the minting and transferring of NFTs that digitise batches of wheat.
Research on electromagnetic torque and fault parameter identification of pumped storage machine under power generation state based on optimized network parameter method
Authors: Lv Pin , Wang Kaixuan , Su Xunwen , Zhai Yuelin , Cheng Lushuai , Wang Haoming 
Published: June 2024

Because of the complex and frequent multi-operation conditions of pumped storage machine and the difficulty of its numerical analysis, an optimized network parameter method (ONPM) is given to identify the second harmonic electromagnetic torque of large salient-pole generators. Different from the former research which only considers the positive and negative sequence components, the second harmonic electromagnetic torque of pumped storage machine under power generation state is identified in neutral point grounded system, which are displayed by the lumped parameters. Then, in order to test the validity of the theoretical analysis among power generation salient-pole generators, the finite element model of 300 MVA pumped storage machine under power generation is established. Through the comparison and analysis of the finite element result data with the actual experimental data in the steady state of no-load test and short-circuit test, the correctness of the finite element model is completely verified. Finally, in the case of small current asymmetry and large current asymmetry, the second harmonic electromagnetic torques obtained by ONPM and finite element method (FEM) are found respectively, and their relative errors are elaborately displayed. The results display that ONPM can accurately identify the electromagnetic torque parameters which indicate the specific operation and fault state of pumped storage machine under power generation state. This fault parameter identification has practical significance for monitoring and improving the operation state and stability of large salient-pole generator.
Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications
Authors: Puliyel Jacob , Hooker Brian S. 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND: The self-controlled case series (SCCS) is often used to monitor vaccine safety. The evaluation of intussusception after the rotavirus vaccine is complicated because the baseline rate varies with age. Time-varying baseline risk adjustments with data from unexposed cohorts are utilised. Self-controlled risk interval (SCRI), with a shorter observation period, can also mitigate the problem by studying a control period close to the risk period. OBJECTIVE: An Indian rotavirus vaccine has previously been studied using SCCS. The risk of intussusception in the high-risk windows (21 days after vaccination) was comparable to the background risk. The aim was to re-analyse data of an existing SCCS study using alternate statistical methods to examine vaccine safety. METHODS: We examined the mean age of intussusception in the vaccinated and the unvaccinated. We performed an SCRI analysis of the surveillance data from the SCCS study, limiting the observation period to 180 days. We analysed the time-to-intussusception from the last vaccination. Finally, we performed an SCCS analysis, excluding unvaccinated cases from the analysis. RESULTS: We found that the mean age of intussusception was significantly lower in the vaccinated (205 days) compared to the unvaccinated (223 days) ( p-value 0.0026). The Incident Risk Ratio (IRR) on SCRI analysis was 1.62 (95% CI 1.07-2.44). There were significantly more intussusceptions in the first 30 days after vaccination compared to the next 30-day window. (92 vs 63 p-value = 0.009). We found that excluding unvaccinated infants from the SCCS analysis demonstrated significantly increased risk for the risk period 1–21 days after the 3rd dose (IRR 2.47, 95% CI 1.70-3.59). The risks of intussusception were missed in traditional SCCS analysis using unvaccinated infants as controls. CONCLUSION: Traditional risk adjustments using data from unexposed cohorts in SCCS may not be appropriate for investigating the risk of intussusception where vaccination lowers the mean age of intussusception.
Protective Effect of Commonly Used Foods and Natural Products against COVID-19
Authors: Mustafa Faheem , Ali Waffa , Noor Remesah , Talat Aiza , Maqsood Mahnoor , Tahir Hafsa , Zeeshan Mouvez , Umar Rabiatul Adawiyah Binti , Krishnasamy Shanthi , Taib Wan Rohani Wan , Baig Atif Amin 
Published: June 2024

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus has swiftly turned into a pandemic, leading to an ongoing health crisis worldwide. This disease has a zoonotic origin, and its symptoms range from asymptomatic, mild to severe, potentially leading to death. Given its pandemic nature, researchers around the world have expedited efforts to find the treatment. While synthetic drugs have been developed for treatment, their efficacy is still under evaluation, and their side effect is the primary concern. This situation necessitates the need to explore treatment options that are not only effective but also safe. Natural products could help COVID-19 prevention and treatment given their historical role in the treatment of other viruses such as HIV, MERS-CoV, and influenza. This study aims to evaluate the potential role of natural products against COVID-19, their mechanisms of action, and previous use against other viruses. This study aims to evaluate the potential role of natural products against COVID-19, their mechanisms of action, and previous use against other viruses. The comprehensive review focuses on natural products such as ginger, garlic, clove, black pepper, red pepper, black seeds, honey, turmeric, onion, ginseng, and thyme. The findings aim to contribute valuable insights to the development of anti-COVID-19 natural products.
Chemical Composition And Biological Activity Of Secondary Metabolites From Cuscuta Campestris
Authors: Chiriapkin A.S. , Zolotykh D.S. , Kodonidi I.P. , Glushko A.A. , Shcherbakova L.I. 
Published: June 2024

The review summarizes the literature data on the chemical composition and types of biological activity of extracts of Cuscuta campestris Yunck (field dodder), which belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. C. campestris is an aboveground parasite. Its stems wrap around the host plants and are attached to them by gaustoria, which are formed in places of contact with the feeding plant and deeply embedded in its tissue. On the territory of the Russian Federation, there are more than 30 types of dodders. Extracts of C. campestris are used in traditional medicine in South Asia, but the plant is not used as an object of biologically active compounds in Russia. It is worth noting that in recent years, studies of the pharmacological properties of C. campestris have intensified, which made it possible to establish the presence of a wide range of biological activity in the plant. For instance, the cures of field dodder exert anti-inflammatory, tranquilizing, antitumor, antipyretic, antioxidant, cerebroprotective, antifungal, antiviral, analgesic, and hepatoprotective effects. In the case of isolation of the major components of C. campestris extracts, it seemed possible to assume the importance of certain substances in the realization of their pharmacological activity, which is discussed in this review. Sugars and sugar acids, sex pheromones, tannins, carotenoids, amino acids, fatty acids and their esters, polyphenols (including flavonoids), coumarins, triterpenoids, vitamins, furans, pyrans and lactones were identified among the secondary metabolites. Due to the fact that the plant in question is widely represented on the territory of the Russian Federation and it is affordable, C. campestris is a promising object of research for the creation of new effective medicines based on it.
Bioremediation of Liquid Waste of Olive Presses (Al-Jeft water) by Using the Biomass of the Local Isolate of The Fungus Helvella bachu
Authors: Al-rawi Jehaan Mowafak , Shimal Younis Abdul-hadi  
Published: June 2024

The study included investigating the potential of the biomass of the local isolate of the fungus Helvella bachu in bioremediation of the liquid waste of olive presses (Jeft water) at two concentrations of 10%-20%. The mycelium was inoculated on solid media treated with olive press water, with concentrations of 10% and 20%, for several incubation days 2, 4, and 6, respectively. We observed that the diameter of the fungal colony is directly proportional to the increase in the incubation period, as the largest diameter of the fungal colony was 13.56 mm and 11.46 mm after 6 days of incubation at a concentration of 10% and 20% of Jeft water, respectively, compared to the diameter of the fungal colony growing in untreated medium, which it reached 15 mm, while the least diameter of the fungal colony was 6.00 and 5.36 mm at a concentration of 10% and 20% of Jeft water, respectively, after two days of incubation compared to the control sample. As for using liquid media, the results revealed a decrease in the total phenol concentration, reaching 2.14 mg / 100 g after 30 days of treatment with a concentration of 20% of Jeft water, compared to the control treatment of 23.58 mg / 100. The percentage of black color removal was 64.39% at a concentration of 10% and an incubation period of 30 days, while at a concentration of 20%, the percentage of color removal was 49.53% and 42.10% after 30 days of incubation. The biomass of the fungus isolate was able to reduce the chemical oxygen demand in both concentrations of Jeft water used with different responses. The percentage of chemical oxygen requirement was 65.83% at a concentration of 10% of Jeft water after 30 days of treatment, while the percentage of COD was 8.08% at a concentration of 20% for the same incubation period above.
THE SETAs AND S-SYSTEM SKILLS DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA AND BRAZIL: A TRANSFORMATIVE SOCIAL POLICY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Tekwa Newman 
Published: June 2024

Relevance. The African Union declared 2024 the Year of Education, Educating an African Fit for the 21st Century and the Agenda 2063 aspiration seeks to catalyse an education and skills revolution for Africa’s industrialisation. This places Technical and Vocational Education and Training at the centre in skills development on the continent. As part of their endogenous initiatives at improving skills, knowledge and abilities desired for work and enhance industrial competitiveness South Africa and Brazil instituted the SETAs system and the S-System, respectively aimed at skills formation and human capital development.
Aim. The two BRICS countries of South Africa and Brazil, through Acts of Parliament, institutionalised skills development programs which had seen them emerge as leading economies on their respective continents. What key lessons can be drawn for other African countries in their quest for industrialisation in the AU Year of the Year of Education to foster the relevant and competitive skills needed for the 21st century.
Methods. The case studies of the S-system of Brazil and the SETAs system of South Africa are presented using a case study approach. Examining the SETAs and S-systems using a Transformative Social Policy framework, the paper adopts a case study approach seeks to answer the following questions: (1) what kind of institutional linkages and coordination between industry/business and skills/education training institutions need to be in place for adequate and appropriate human capital formation in Africa? (2) what are the appropriate funding mechanisms for human capital development suitable for African countries to adopt? (3) What coordination and facilitating role should be adopted by states in African countries to facilitate industry/training institutional linkages?
Results and conclusions. Key finding indicates that while the SETAs in South Africa are widely recognised by employers and give holders a big advantage in securing employment, TVET-market coordination, regional coordination for area-specific industrialisation and appropriate skills funding mechanism are key for competitive skills development and provide practical and policy lessons for African governments.
The Use of Azithromycin in Pediatric Typhoid Fever without Complication: A Case Report
Authors: Amal Emiral , Pelupessy Ninny Meutia 
Published: June 2024

Typhoid fever is an infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. The prevalence is still high among emerging countries, such as Indonesia. There are limited options for the treatment of typhoid fever in children and more so is complicated by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The use of azithromycin has evolved as an important drug in the treatment of typhoid.

A male, aged 7 years and 2 months, was admitted to our hospital with remittent fever 4 days prior. The patient also presented with a period of cough since 2 days, and constipation, with full consciousness. The child had basic immunization completed for his age. He had a history of frequent consumption of street food. The diagnosis of typhoid fever was confirmed by serologic testing of positive 8 IgM Salmonella. Initially, the patient was treated with intravenous antibiotics of ceftriaxone for 8 days but shoed no clinical improvement, then the treatment was changed to intravenous azithromycin for 4 days and his condition improved greatly. The patient showed a better response with the use of azithromycin.

The management of typhoid fever remains challenging up to this day with variations in treatment response. From this case, we can conclude that azithromycin in some patients may show better improvement in the management of typhoid fever in pediatric patients. Although, ceftriaxone and other third-generation cephalosporins are still highly effective against Salmonella typhi.
Gender differences and hypercholesterolemia: real-world evidence from the study WECARE (Women Effective CArdiovascular Risk Evaluation)
Authors: Perrone Valentina , Medea Gerardo , Urbinati Stefano , Sangiorgi Diego , Degli Esposti Luca 
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The therapeutic control of LDL-cholesterol is essential in cardiovascular prevention, as recommended by the recent guidelines.
Objective: To evaluate gender differences in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment pattern, treatment adherence and healthcare costs in patients on lipid-lowering therapy, stratified by cardiovascular risk in the Italian real clinical practice.
Methods: An observational analysis was conducted on the administrative databases of healthcare institutions, covering about 6.1 million health-assisted subjects. After inclusion of all patients on lipid-lowering therapy between January 2017 and June 2020, the population was investigated in the period before the first prescription of a lipid-lowering drug and followed-up for at least 12 months. Clinical and demographic variables were compared after stratification by gender and by cardiovascular risk (very high/high/other risk). The main outcome measures were treatment adherence and direct healthcare costs during follow-up.
Results: Of the 684,829 patients with high/very high cardiovascular risk, 337,394 were men and 347,435 women, aged on average 69.3 years and 72.1 years, respectively (p < 0.001). Men were characterised by a worse comorbidity profile. Regardless of cardiovascular risk, female subjects were associated with larger utilisation of low-potency statins and lower adherence (p < 0.001). The annual healthcare costs per patient during follow-up were higher in men than in women (p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The results highlighted larger utilisation of low-potency statins, a lower adherence and a milder comorbidity profile in women, the latter feasibly explaining the reduced healthcare costs compared to men.
Prevalensi, Intensitas, dan Dominansi Parasit pada Ikan Manggabai (Glossogobius giuris) di Danau Limboto Provinsi Gorontalo
Authors: Hamid Alia , Lamondo Djuna , Aydalina Regina Valentine 
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to identify the different types of parasites infecting manggabai fish (Glossogobius giurus) in Lake Limboto, in addition to analyzing the intensity, prevalence, and dominance of parasites in the population. Twenty manggabai fish samples were collected from three different locations in Lake Limboto, namely Dembe 1, Tabmela, and Hutuo. The parasite examination process was carried out at the Zoology Laboratory of the Biology Department of Gorontalo State University, focusing on organs such as skin, gills, fins, and digestive organs. The method applied was the native method, which involves direct observation. The identification results showed the presence of three types of parasites in manggabai fish, namely Gyrodactylus sp., Camallanus sp., and Ligula intestinalis. The highest prevalence was recorded for Gyrodactylus sp. at 65%, indicating a significant spread of parasites in the fish population. The parasite intensity of Camallanus sp. from Hutuo at 7. The parasite Ligula intestinalis showed the highest dominance with a value of 44%. Meanwhile, the highest prevalence and intensity values were placed in the frequent and mild categories.
Would a comprehensive hearing aid fitting process lead to placebo effects compared to a simple process?
Authors: Wu Yu-Hsiang , Dorfler Megan , Stangl Elizabeth , Oleson Jacob 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesPlacebo effects refer to the impact of a treatment on health outcomes that cannot be attributed to the treatment itself. The current study aimed to investigate whether a comprehensive hearing aid fitting process would induce placebo effects compared to a simple process, and whether personal attributes such as personality traits could predict susceptibility to these effects.DesignThirty adults with hearing loss completed the study. The study began with a fitting session in which the field trial hearing aid configuration (the actual fitting) was set, followed by two experimental conditions. Each condition involved a fake hearing aid fitting and a 3-week field trial. In the fake fitting, bilateral hearing aids were fitted using the Comprehensive protocol (CM) that included multiple assessments and probe-microphone verification or the Streamlined protocol (ST) that did not involve any assessments other than a hearing test. The same hearing aid amplification settings established in the actual fitting, rather than the settings from the fake fittings, were used in the field trials for both conditions. Patient outcomes were measured using the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA), which was administered as both retrospective self-reports and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys. Personality was assessed using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. Upon completion of the study, participants expressed their hearing aid preferences based on hearing aids' real-world performances (prefer CM, prefer ST, or no preference).ResultsFor both retrospective self-reports and EMA, the IOI-HA scores of the CM and ST conditions did not significantly differ. Among the 30 participants, 22 expressed a preference for either CM (n = 14) or ST (n = 8). Younger participants and those with higher levels of agreeableness were more likely to have a hearing aid preference.ConclusionsAt the group level, comprehensive hearing aid fitting process did not generate a placebo effect leading to better outcomes compared to a simple process. However, despite the absence of differences in hearing aid settings, most (73%) participants were affected by placebo effects, believing that one fitting process yielded better real-world outcomes than the other. Personal attributes including personality traits and age are associated with susceptibility to placebo effects.