bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Levels of Volatile Organic Carcinogen and Toxicant Biomarkers in Chinese Women Who Regularly Cook at Home
Authors: Hecht Stephen S. , Seow Adeline , Wang Mingyao , Wang Renwei , Meng Lei , Koh Woon-Puay , Carmella Steven G. , Chen Menglan , Han Shaomei , Yu Mimi C. , Yuan Jian-Min 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: Epidemiologic studies associate lung cancer in nonsmoking Chinese women with Chinese-style wok cooking. Our goal was to quantify carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in Chinese women who reported regularly doing home cooking compared with women randomly selected from the Singapore Chinese Health Study as controls.Methods: Biomarkers were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Results: Compared with controls, women who engaged in regular home cooking had significantly higher levels of mercapturic acids of acrolein {geometric mean, 1,959 pmol/mg creatinine [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1,554-2,467] versus 1,370 (95% CI, 1,077-1,742); P = 0.038}, crotonaldehyde [geometric mean, 232 pmol/mg creatinine (95% CI, 193-277) versus 142 (95% CI, 118-171); P = 0.0004], and benzene [geometric mean, 0.58 pmol/mg creatinine (95% CI, 0.44-0.78) versus 0.18 (95% CI, 0.14-0.24); P &lt; 0.0001]. No significant differences were found in levels of mercapturic acids of 1,3-butadiene, metabolites of pyrene and phenanthrene, or acetaldehyde-leukocyte DNA adduct levels between the groups. Levels of the ethylene oxide mercapturic acid were significantly higher in the controls.Conclusions: The higher levels of the mercapturic acid of benzene, a multiorgan carcinogen, in the women who cooked are particularly notable. Overall, the results showing increased exposure to the volatile toxicants and carcinogens acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and benzene in Chinese women who regularly cook provide a plausible lead for further investigating the role of volatile compounds generated during high-temperature cooking with oils as causes of lung cancer.Impact: A new direction for research on lung cancer etiology is suggested. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1185–92. ©2010 AACR.
Interaction between Cigarette Smoking and Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection on the Risk of Liver Cancer: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Chuang Shu-Chun , Lee Yuan-Chin Amy , Hashibe Mia , Dai Min , Zheng Tongzhang , Boffetta Paolo 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Introduction: Chronic infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) as well as cigarette smoking are established risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but it is unclear whether an interaction exists between these factors in causing hepatocellular carcinogenesis. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the interaction of HBV and HCV infection and cigarette smoking on the risk of HCC.
Methods: We systematically searched the PUBMED and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. A total of 16 eligible publications were identified. Cigarette smoking and chronic HBV and HCV infections were dichotomized into present or absent. Additive (S) and multiplicative interaction indexes (V) between smoking and each of the two infections and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated for each study and then combined in a meta-analysis.
Results: We found a more than additive interaction between HBV infection and cigarette smoking (S = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.00-2.06; nine studies) and a more than multiplicative interaction (V = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.16-2.20; six studies) between HCV infection and cigarette smoking. No publication bias was detected.
Conclusion: Smoking seems to interact with both HBV and HCV in determining HCC risk. A pooled analysis of individual subject data, with appropriate adjustment with other risk factors, is warranted to confirm these results.
Impact: The results of this study imply the evidence of a synergistic effect between smoking and HBV or HCV infection on the risk of HCC. Thus, chronic carriers of HBV or HCV are recommended to avoid smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1261–8. ©2010 AACR.
Questionnaire Items to Assess Skin Color and Erythemal Sensitivity: Reliability, Validity, and “the Dark Shift”
Authors: Reeder Anthony I. , Hammond Vanessa A. , Gray Andrew R. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: Skin pigmentation is a key factor for UV radiation exposure related cancers. To appropriately target cancer control activities related to this exposure and for better representation in epidemiologic studies, a valid and reliable assessment of skin color is required.Methods: The validity and reliability of two self-report measures were assessed: skin color and erythemal sensitivity. A sample of 289 university students categorized their unexposed skin color and photosensitivity via a questionnaire. Skin color was also measured by spectrophotometer. After 7 days, participants repeated the self-report assessment.Results: Significant correlations were found for both self-report items with objective measures, indicating that these items may be valid assessment tools (color: Spearman's ρ = −0.75, P &lt; 0.001; photosensitivity: Spearman's ρ = −0.64, P &lt; 0.001). No sex differences in validity were evident. Stronger correlations were found among those of European than those of non-European ethnicity (color: Spearman's ρ = −0.78 versus −0.59, bootstrap P = 0.007; photosensitivity: Spearman's ρ = −0.63 versus −0.28, bootstrap P = 0.001). Strong biases toward overestimation of skin pigmentation were evident, ranging from 36% in the self-identified fair skin group to 77% in the medium skin color group. Intrarater reliability of the questionnaire items was high (color: k = 0.78, P &lt; 0.001; photosensitivity: k = 0.77, P &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: Study findings suggest that self-report may be a valid measurement strategy when assessing skin type, but there is a bias toward overestimation of skin color and, potentially, UV radiation resilience.Impact: This bias has the potential to undermine the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention efforts and needs to be addressed in health promotion programs. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1167–73. ©2010 AACR.
Estimation of Nicotine Dose after Low-level Exposure Using Plasma and Urine Nicotine Metabolites
Authors: Benowitz Neal L. , Dains Katherine M. , Dempsey Delia , Yu Lisa , Jacob Peyton 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBackground: We sought to determine the optimal plasma and urine nicotine metabolites, alone or in combination, to estimate the systemic dose of nicotine after low-level exposure.Methods: We dosed 36 nonsmokers with 100, 200, or 400 μg p.o. of deuterium-labeled nicotine (doses similar to exposure to secondhand smoke) daily for 5 days and then measured plasma and urine nicotine metabolites at various intervals over 24 hours.Results: The strongest correlations with nicotine dose were seen for the sum of four (cotinine + cotinine-glucuronide + trans-3′-hydroxycotinine + 3HC-glucuronide) or six (including also nicotine + nicotine-glucuronide) of the major nicotine metabolites in 24-hour urine collection (r = 0.96), with lesser correlations for these metabolites using spot urines corrected for creatinine at various times of day (r = 0.72-0.80). The sum of plasma cotinine + trans-3′-hydroxycotine was more highly correlated with nicotine dose than plasma cotinine alone (r = 0.82 versus 0.75).Conclusions: Our results provide guidance for the selection of biomarkers to estimate the dose of nicotine taken in low-level (secondhand smoke) tobacco exposure.Impact: This is probably relevant to active smoking as well. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1160–6. ©2010 AACR.
Lifetime Physical Activity and Risk of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: John Esther M. , Koo Jocelyn , Horn-Ross Pamela L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Background: The role of moderate physical activity and life patterns of activity in reducing endometrial cancer risk remains uncertain.
Methods: We assessed lifetime histories of activity from recreation, transportation, chores, and occupation and other risk factors in a population-based case-control study of endometrial cancer conducted in the San Francisco Bay area. The analysis was based on 472 newly diagnosed cases ascertained by the regional cancer registry and 443 controls identified by random-digit dialing who completed an in-person interview.
Results: Reduced risks associated with greater lifetime physical activity (highest versus lowest tertile) were found for both total activity [odds ratio (OR), 0.61; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.43-0.87; Ptrend = 0.01] and activity of moderate intensity (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.64; Ptrend &lt; 0.0001). Compared with women with low lifetime physical activity (below median), those with greater activity throughout life had a higher reduction in risk (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44-0.88). Inverse associations were stronger in obese and overweight women, but differences were not statistically significantly different from those in normal-weight women.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that physical activity in adulthood, even of moderate intensity, may be effective in lowering the risk of endometrial cancer, particularly among those at highest risk for this disease.
Impact: The results emphasize the importance of evaluating lifetime histories of physical activity from multiple sources, including both recreational and nonrecreational activities of various intensities, to fully understand the relation between physical activity and disease risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1276–83. ©2010 AACR.
Breast Cancer Incidence Patterns among California Hispanic Women: Differences by Nativity and Residence in an Enclave
Authors: Keegan Theresa H.M. , John Esther M. , Fish Kari M. , Alfaro-Velcamp Theresa , Clarke Christina A. , Gomez Scarlett L. 
Published: May 2010

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer incidence is higher in U.S.-born Hispanic women than foreign-born Hispanics, but no studies have examined how these rates have changed over time. To better inform cancer control efforts, we examined incidence trends by nativity and incidence patterns by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and Hispanic enclave (neighborhoods with high proportions of Hispanics or Hispanic immigrants).
Methods: Information about all Hispanic women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1988 and 2004 was obtained from the California Cancer Registry. Nativity was imputed from Social Security number for the 27% of cases with missing birthplace information. Neighborhood variables were developed from Census data.
Results: From 1988 to 2004, incidence rates for U.S.-born Hispanics were parallel but lower than those of non-Hispanic whites, showing an annual 6% decline from 2002 to 2004. Foreign-born Hispanics had an annual 4% increase in incidence rates from 1995 to 1998 and a 1.4% decline thereafter. Rates were 38% higher for U.S.- than foreign-born Hispanics, with elevations more pronounced for localized than regional/distant disease, and for women &gt;50 years of age. Residence in higher SES and lower Hispanic enclave neighborhoods were independently associated with higher incidence, with Hispanic enclave having a stronger association than SES.
Conclusions: Compared with foreign-born, U.S.-born Hispanic women in California had higher prevalence of breast cancer risk factors, suggesting that incidence patterns largely reflect these differences in risk factors.
Impact: Further research is needed to separate the effects of individual- and neighborhood-level factors that affect incidence in this large and growing population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(5); 1208–18. ©2010 AACR.
Association of Genome-Wide Variation With the Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Adults of European and African Ancestry
Authors: Smith Nicholas L. , Felix Janine F. , Morrison Alanna C. , Demissie Serkalem , Glazer Nicole L. , Loehr Laura R. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Dehghan Abbas , Lumley Thomas , Rosamond Wayne D. , Lieb Wolfgang , Rivadeneira Fernando , Bis Joshua C. , Folsom Aaron R. , Benjamin Emelia , Aulchenko Yurii S. , Haritunians Talin , Couper David , Murabito Joanne , Wang Ying A. , Stricker Bruno H. , Gottdiener John S. , Chang Patricia P. , Wang Thomas J. , Rice Kenneth M. , Hofman Albert , Heckbert Susan R. , Fox Ervin R. , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Rotter Jerome I. , Willerson James T. , Levy Daniel , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Psaty Bruce M. , Witteman Jacqueline C.M. , Boerwinkle Eric , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: May 2010

Background—
Although genetic factors contribute to the onset of heart failure (HF), no large-scale genome-wide investigation of HF risk has been published to date. We have investigated the association of 2 478 304 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with incident HF by meta-analyzing data from 4 community-based prospective cohorts: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, the Cardiovascular Health Study, the Framingham Heart Study, and the Rotterdam Study.

Methods and Results—

Eligible participants for these analyses were of European or African ancestry and free of clinical HF at baseline. Each study independently conducted genome-wide scans and imputed data to the ≈2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in HapMap. Within each study, Cox proportional hazards regression models provided age- and sex-adjusted estimates of the association between each variant and time to incident HF. Fixed-effect meta-analyses combined results for each single-nucleotide polymorphism from the 4 cohorts to produce an overall association estimate and
P
value. A genome-wide significance
P
value threshold was set a priori at 5.0×10
−7
. During a mean follow-up of 11.5 years, 2526 incident HF events (12%) occurred in 20 926 European-ancestry participants. The meta-analysis identified a genome-wide significant locus at chromosomal position 15q22 (1.4×10
−8
), which was 58.8 kb from
USP3
. Among 2895 African-ancestry participants, 466 incident HF events (16%) occurred during a mean follow-up of 13.7 years. One genome-wide significant locus was identified at 12q14 (6.7×10
−8
), which was 6.3 kb from
LRIG3
.

Conclusions—
We identified 2 loci that were associated with incident HF and exceeded genome-wide significance. The findings merit replication in other community-based settings of incident HF.
Trapped inside the Box? Five Questions for Ben Fine
Authors: Michael A. Lebowitz 
Published: May 2010

AbstractResponding to comments by Ben Fine in relation to the concept of the degree of separation among workers, this article argues that Fine (a) confuses Marx’s levels of analysis and thus cannot distinguish between necessity and contingency; (b) fails to grasp the problematic character of Marx’s discussion of relative surplus-value once we remove the assumption of a given standard of necessity; and (c) accordingly remains trapped (like so many others) in a ‘Ricardian Box’ that Marx himself was able to escape.
Correspondence: The Foundation of the Situationist International (June 1957‐August 1960), Guy Debord, Los Angeles: Semiotext(e), 2009. All the King’s Horses, Michèle Bernstein, Los Angeles: Semiotext(e), 2008. 50 Years of Recuperation of the Situationist International, McKenzie Wark, New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2008.
Authors: Kinkle Jeff 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThis review-essay looks at three texts from, or about, the early days of the Situationist International. The first volume of Guy Debord’s Correspondence reveals the SI’s internal discussions during their decisive first three years; Bernstein’s book represents an example of the continued relevance of the technique of détournement; while Wark’s text demonstrates both the breadth of the Situationist project and that, despite being continually mined by the academy, activists, the creative industries, and other more sinister recuperators, their work has not been depleted of its vitality. Taken together, the three books undermine a series of preconceptions about the SI, namely in terms of Debord’s role at the centre of the group and the SI’s engagement with the forces of the ‘spectacled’.
Posterolateral Corner Reconstruction of the Knee
Authors: Rios Clifford G. , Leger Robin R. , Cote Mark P. , Yang Clifford , Arciero Robert A. 
Published: May 2010

Background: Injuries to the posterolateral corner of the knee remain a challenging problem and have been cited frequently as a reason for failure of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Although several reconstructive techniques currently exist, there are relatively few clinical outcomes data after reconstruction of the posterolateral corner. Purpose: The study was undertaken to examine the clinical outcomes and provide objective data using arthrometry and stress radiography of a posterolateral corner reconstruction technique. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of a consecutive series of patients who underwent posterolateral corner reconstruction of the knee was evaluated. The surgery featured dual femoral tunnels, a transfibular tunnel, and a free graft to reconstruct the posterolateral corner of the knee. All patients had concomitant reconstruction of one or both cruciate ligaments. Outcomes were assessed using the Short Form–12, Lysholm, and Tegner knee scores. A clinical examination, KT-2000 arthrometry measurements, single-legged hop quotient, and varus and posterior Telos stress radiographs were obtained and compared with results for the contralateral, uninjured knees. Results: Twenty-four (83%) of 29 consecutive patients were evaluated at a mean 39 months postoperatively (range, 24-81 months). The mean Lysholm and Tegner knee scores were 83 and 6, respectively. The mean difference (± standard deviation) in total anterior-posterior side-to-side KT arthrometry measurements was 1.4 ± 1.3 mm. The varus stress radiographic mean side-to-side difference measured at 20° of flexion was 0.2 ± 1.9 mm. The mean radiographic posterior tibial displacement with a 15-kg stress at 90° of flexion was 3.2 ± 4.5 mm in patients undergoing posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Conclusion: This reconstruction of the posterolateral corner of the knee with concomitant cruciate ligament reconstruction restores varus and rotational stability at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively.
The functional and psychological impact of hand osteoarthritis
Authors: Hill Susan , Dziedzic Krysia S. , Bie Nio Ong  
Published: May 2010

Objectives: Studies suggest that hand osteoarthritis (OA) can result in impairment of hand function and participation restriction. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of functional impairments caused by hand OA on everyday life. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with primary care (n = 15; mean age 62.4 years; M : F ratio 1 : 4) and secondary care (n = 14; mean age 63.6 years; M : F ratio 1 : 13) patients aged 50 years and over were conducted. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and the constant comparison method. Results: Individuals reported impact across day-to-day activities. Perceptions of dependence and independence were important. They reported embarrassment due to the appearance of their hands and their inability to carry out ‘normal’ tasks. Work status had been affected for two of the participants. Negative emotional responses were captured. Participants utilized cognitive, behavioural and avoidance forms of coping. Conclusion: We have captured the impact of functional impairment on everyday life and related psychological effects. With a retirement age increasing, the study raises the potential issue of future employment restriction for those with hand OA. Individuals utilising ‘temporal’ comparison as a form of coping may be less well adjusted to their hand problem, which could have implications for future management.
PKCα mediated induction of miR-101 in human hepatoma HepG2 cells
Authors: Chiang Chao-Wei , Huang Yi , Leong Ka-Wai , Chen Lih-Chyang , Chen Hua-Chien , Chen Shu-Jen , Chou Chen-Kung 
Published: May 2010

Abstract

Background
Protein Kinase C (PKC) is a serine/threonine kinase that involved in controlling of many cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. We have observed previously that TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) induces cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. However, is there any miRNA involved in PKCα mediated cell growth arrest is still unknown.

Methods
We first surveyed 270 miRNA expression profiles in 20 pairs of human hepatoma tissues. We identified 11 up-regulated and 23 down-regulated miRNAs (FDR < = 0.01; fold-change > = 2) in human hepatoma tissue after Student's T-test and Mann-Whitney rank test. We then examined miRNAs expression profile in TPA treated HepG2 cells. Two miRNAs, miR-101, and miR-29c, were shown to be significantly down regulated in human hepatoma tissues and induced over 4-fold in HepG2 cells under TPA treatment.

Results
In this study, we examined TPA regulated miRNA expression profile in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. We identified two miRNAs, 101 and 29c, were induced by TPA and down regulated in human hepatoma tissues suggest that they might play as tumor suppressor gene and in tumor formation of HCC. Since induction kinetics of miR-101 by TPA was much faster than miR-29c suggests that the induction of miR-101 may be the primary response of TPA treatment. We then further investigated how miR-101 was regulated by TPA. MiR-101 targets two subunits of PRC2 complex, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and EED, and was shown to play as a tumor suppressor gene in human prostate, breast and liver cancers. The target sequence of miR-101 located in the 3' UTR of both EZH2 and EED's mRNA was identified by bioinformatic analysis and was validated by reporter luciferase activity assay. Then we showed that TPA not only up regulated miR-101 expression, but also reduced protein level of EZH2, EED and H3K27me3 in HepG2 cells. Using lenti-virus-mediated shRNA to knockdown endogenous PKCα expression, we observed that TPA induced growth arrest, elevation of miR-101 and reduction of EZH2, EED and H3K27me3 proteins were all PKCα dependent. Specific inhibitor of ERK completely blocked TPA induced miR-101 expression.

Conclusions
Therefore, this is the first time to show that PKCα and ERK pathway play important role to activate miR-101 expression, reduce PRC2 complex and H3K27me3 level. This epigenetic regulatory pathway may represent a novel mechanism of carcinogenesis and deserve further investigation.