bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Fifth Order Digital Differential Analyzer for Circle Generation
Authors: Chen Peng , Hu Jinyi , Qu Liguo , Wang Yang , Zhao Lijun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Digital differential analyzer(DDA) can be used to generate circles and can be treated as a one-step or two-step numerical scheme. DDA algorithms have been classified by the order of some polynomials. We present and discuss a novel fifth-order DDA circle generating algorithms based on the one-step numerical scheme. Numerical experiments show that they are more accurate than the third-order one-step DDA algorithm.
Evolutionary Tripartite Game Model in the Coal Mine Risk-Hazard Double Pre-Control and Management in China
Authors: Wang Zhie , Xu Jingde , Ma Jun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The classification, investigation, and management of the safety risk (namely, risk-hazard double pre-control management mechanism) in coal mines were introduced into a behavioral evolution game to assess the decision-making processes of coal mine workers, regulators, and supervisors. A tripartite game tree and a revenue perception matrix were constructed, and the evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) achieved by the evolutionary system under different conditions was obtained according to the replication dynamic equation (RD). The numerical simulation of the evolution game was conducted in MATLAB, which verified the influence of various parameters on the behaviors adopted by all parties. The results show: (1) When the safety, regulatory, and supervisory costs are high, the average expected value of mine workers, regulators, and supervisors to choose safety behaviors is low, so they adopt an unsafe behavior. By contrast, reducing costs can encourage the adoption of safety behaviors. (2) When the punishment for accident losses caused by unsafe behavior and the lack of regulations and supervision is higher than 50% of the initial state, the actors in the tripartite game are more inclined to avoid risks when facing cost losses in the short term, which can lead them to choose a safety behavior. (3) When the actors in the tripartite game face different accident probabilities and accident loss, with the severity of the accident increasing to 80% of the initial state, mine workers and regulators gradually adopt safety and regulation behaviors, and supervisors quickly adopt supervision methods.
Determination of Replacement Cable Force of in-Service Suspension Bridge Based on Refined Modelling Approach
Authors: Mao Yan , Han Xu , Zhang Xinmin , Wei Sicong , Dong Zhenhua 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the replacement cable force of suspension bridge slings in service is systematically analyzed by adopting the coupling analysis model of internal force influence matrix and displacement influence matrix. The sling replacement project of an existing bridge serves as the basis for considering the technical condition and stress state of slings and other components comprehensively. Key control indexes, such as internal force, offset, linear or adjacent cable force change, are defined according to vehicle traffic requirements and structural safety considerations. Refined finite element numerical calculation is employed to determine the target cable force applied to the replacement sling, while analyzing changes in key control indexes of relevant components and structures during adjustment. The target cable force of the replacement sling is adjusted and determined based on a comparison with the target demand index. Compared with the traditional influence matrix method, the double matrix method also has the advantage that it does not need to select the initial adjustment cable force, which avoids the problem that the convergence result may not be obtained, and aims to provide a basis for the subsequent calculation of cable force replacement when the suspension bridge is in service.
Static Load and Seismic Finite Element Analysis of DN1000 Large-Diameter Three-Pipe Gantry Hanger
Authors: Dai Haowen , Pan Yingbo , Wang Hehui , Tang Yi , Pan Jian , Zhu Jieke 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Taking DN1000 large-diameter three-pipe and its gantry hanger as the research object, the finite element model was established by using beam element and solid element. The static load and seismic performance analysis of DN1000 three-pipe gantry hanger is carried out based on the spectral analysis function module of ANSYS software. The strength and stiffness of the hanger were seismically evaluated according to ASME AG-1 code. The results show that the use of H-beam steel (HW250) as the column and beam of the hanger meets the requirements of the seismic calibration, with a strength safety margin of more than 50% and a stiffness safety margin of more than 80%. Under the combination of static load and seismic load, the strength and stiffness also meet the requirements. This method has certain reference value for the seismic design and evaluation of the integrated hanger for large-diameter electromechanical pipelines.
New microfocus source based on a betatron for hard X-rays imaging
Authors: Rychkov M.M. , Kaplin V.V. , Smolyanskiy V.A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The paper reports experimental results demonstrating some properties of microfocus radiation generated in narrow internal silicon (Si) and tantalum (Ta) targets of the B-18 betatron with electron energy of 18 MeV. The targets were 50-μm- and 8-μm-thick Si crystals and a 13-μm-thick Ta foil oriented with a goniometer along the inner electron beam. The results showed strong dependence of the radiation beam shape on the orientation of the target relative to the electron beam, and on the target material. The resolution and contrast dependences of the Duplex IQI standard wire pair images on the position of the pairs in the radiation beam and on the target material are shown. The obtained results revealed the role of absorption and refraction of radiation in generation of magnified images of plastic and metal plate edges. Radiation generated in the Ta target showed high detection sensitivity for narrow gaps and thin inclusions in steel thickness.
Quasi-coherent radiation from a train of electron bunches inside a waveguide partially filled with dielectric
Authors: Khachatryan H.F. , Grigoryan L.Sh. , Kotanjyan V.Kh. , Grigoryan M.L. , Harutyunyan H.P. , Markosyan J.P. , Margaryan G.V. , Saharian A.A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We investigate the quasi-coherent radiation from a train of electron bunches moving along the axis of a cylindrical waveguide, assuming that a part of the waveguide is filled with a dielectric medium. For the permittivity of the latter, the general case of dispersion is considered. It is shown that under certain conditions on the permittivity of the medium and on the values of the problem parameters, the waveguide modes become equidistant. As a consequence, quasi-coherent Cherenkov radiation from the train of bunches may be generated on the first several waveguide modes simultaneously. An example of dispersion law is provided for which the corresponding Cherenkov radiation is suppressed.
Electric field lines of charged particle in a helical undulator
Authors: Aginian M.A. , Arutunian S.G. , Lazareva E.G. , Chung M. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
One of the devices for generating circularly polarized radiation is a helical undulator in which a relativistic charged particle moves along a helical trajectory. In this paper, the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field produced by such a particle is analyzed using electric field lines. The equations of electric field lines, which, due to the presence of curvature and torsion in the trajectory are precisely solved. A special algorithm for erasing invisible parts of the lines has been developed to represent the lines in space. Several remarkable features of the field picture are revealed, in particular, the hard component of the radiation is concentrated in the plane orthogonal to the undulator axis and passing through the position of the particle at the current moment of time.
Pixel detector hybridisation and integration with anisotropic conductive adhesives
Authors: Volker Alexander , Schmidt Janis Viktor , Dannheim Dominik , Svihra Peter , Vicente Barreto Pinto Mateus , de Oliveira Rui , Braach Justus , Yang Xiao , Ruat Marie , Magalhaes Débora , Centis Vignali Matteo , Calderini Giovanni , Kristiansen Helge 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A reliable and cost-effective interconnect technology is required for the development of
hybrid pixel detectors. The interconnect technology needs to be adapted for the pitch and die
sizes of the respective applications. This contribution presents recent results of a newly
developed in-house single-die interconnection process based on Anisotropic Conductive Adhesives
(ACA). The ACA interconnect technology replaces solder bumps with conductive micro-particles
embedded in an epoxy layer applied as either film or paste. The electro-mechanical connection
between the sensor and ASIC is achieved via thermocompression of the ACA using a flip-chip device
bonder. The ACA technology can also be used for ASIC-PCB/FPC integration, replacing wire bonding
or large-pitch solder bumping techniques. A specific pixel-pad topology is required to enable the
connection via micro-particles and create cavities into which excess epoxy can flow. This
pixel-pad topology is achieved with an in-house Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG)
process. The ENIG and ACA processes are qualified with a variety of different ASICs, sensors, and
dedicated interconnect test structures, with pad diameters ranging from 12 μm to 140 μm
and pitches between 20 μm and 1.3 mm. The produced assemblies are characterized electrically,
with radioactive-source exposures, and in tests with high-momentum particle beams. This
contribution introduces the developed interconnect and plating processes and showcases different
hybrid assemblies produced and tested with the above-mentioned methods. A focus is placed on
recent optimization of the plating and interconnect processes, resulting in an improved plating
uniformity and interconnect yield.
Design of high-light-collection-efficiency optical fiber for germanium detectors immersed in liquid argon
Authors: Yan Yulu , Zhang Lei , Liu Yu , Lin Shin-Ted , Zhu Jingjun , Liu Shukui , Fang Changhao , Tang Changjian , Xing Haoyang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The implementation of Slicon Photon-Multipliers (SiPMs) wave-length shifting (WLS) fibers light response system in liquid argon (LAr) is a promising technology for suppressing background in rare event experiments. Moreover, it is particularly relevant for experiments that utilize high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors directly operated in LAr, such as the direct detection of dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay. In this work, we exhibit a designed WLS fiber for the LAr detector, verify the feasibility of the manufacturing technology, and simulation research about its light collection performance. The novel fiber incorporates two materials, styrene and 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB). The pre-experiments proved that the fiber has good WLS and light-conducting properties for ultraviolet light. In addition, the effect of different light collection methods on detection efficiency was assessed by Geant4 simulation. Our results show that adding optical fibers can significantly increase light collection efficiency. Compared with the design of TPB coating with commercial fiber, the new structure of WLS fiber can improve the light collection efficiency by 50%. The simulation results indicate that the new fiber structure can enhance the light collection efficiency of the LAr detection system, thereby improving the anti-coincidence system's performance in rare event experiments.
A proposal for a fast infrared bursts detector
Authors: Drago Alessandro , Bini Simone , Cestelli Guidi Mariangela , Marcelli Augusto , Bocci Valerio , Pace Emanuele 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The gravitational wave GW170817 from a binary neutron star merger and the simultaneous electromagnetic detection of the GRB170717A by Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, opened a new era in the multi-messenger astronomy. Furthermore, the GRBs (Gamma-Ray Bursts) and the mysterious FRBs (Fast Radio Bursts) have sparked interest in the development of new detectors and telescopes dedicated to the time-domain astronomy across the electromagnetic spectrum. Time-domain astronomy aims to acquire fast astronomical bursts in temporal range between a few seconds down to 1 ns. Fast InfraRed Bursts (FIRB's) have been relatively understudied, often due to the lack of appropriate tools for observation and analysis. In this scientific scenario, the present contribution proposes a new detection system for ground-based reflecting telescopes working in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range to search for astronomical FIRB's. Experience developed in the diagnostics for lepton circular accelerators can be used to design temporal devices for astronomy. Longitudinal diagnostic instruments acquire bunch-by-bunch particle shifts in the direction of flight, that is equivalent to temporal. Transverse device integrates the beam signal in the horizontal and vertical coordinates, as standard telescopes. The proposed instrument aims to work in temporal mode. Feasibility study tests have been carried out at SINBAD, the infrared beam line of DAFNE, the e+e- collider of INFN. SINBAD releases pulsed infrared synchrotron light with 2.7 ns separation. The front-end detector system has been evaluated to detect temporal fast infrared signals with 2–12 μm wavelengths and 1 ns rise times. The present contribute aims to be a step toward a feasibility study report.
A pulse selection algorithm for SiPM-coupled CLYC detectors
Authors: Dai Heng , Yang Hngchao , Tang Hui , Deng Chao , Xie Bo , Tuo Xianguo , Jiang Gang , Wang Qibiao 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
SiPM-coupled Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (CLYC) detectors are widely used for detecting neutrons and gamma rays in mixed radiation environments. Intensities and energies are obtained from the output pulses of the detector, including normal and anomalous pulses. Since anomalous pulses can negatively affect measurement accuracy, this study designs a pulse selection algorithm to improve them. This algorithm calculates the ratio of the mean to the standard deviation of an output pulse in a particular time window and categorizes it as normal or anomalous. The algorithm also uses the difference in ratio value between neutrons and gamma rays for pulse shape discrimination. In an experiment using a SiPM-coupled CLYC detector, 200,000 sets of pulses were obtained for 137Cs and Am-Be sources. The results indicate that this method can reject more than 94.2% of anomalous pulses, improving the energy resolution of 137Cs source from 8.9% @ 662 keV to 8.4% @ 662 keV. The figure-of-merit (FOM) of pulse shape discrimination is 1.23 for the Am-Be source, and this method can select specific pulse types based on the pulse-ratio value. In addition, the method is suitable for all pulse-mode detectors.
Approximating accelerator impedances with resonator networks
Authors: Vaughn Brian J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
It is common in the accelerator community to use the
impedance of accelerator components to describe wake interactions in
the frequency domain. However, it is often desirable to understand
such wake interactions in the time domain in a general manner for
excitations that are not necessarily Gaussian in nature. The
conventional method for doing this involves taking the inverse
Fourier Transform of the component impedance, obtaining the Green's
Function, and then convolving it with the desired excitation
distribution. This method can prove numerically cumbersome, for a
convolution integral must be evaluated for each individual point in
time when the wake function is desired. An alternative to this
method would be to compute the wake function analytically, which
would sidestep the need for repetitive integration. Only a handful
of cases, however, are simple enough for this method to be
tenable. One of these cases is the case where the component in
question is an RLC resonator, which has a closed-form analytical
wake function solution. This means that a component which can be
represented in terms of resonators can leverage this solution. As it
happens, common network synthesis techniques may be used to map
arbitrary impedance profiles to RLC resonator networks in a manner
the accelerator community has yet to take advantage of. In this
work, we will use Foster Canonical Resonator Networks and partial
derivative descent optimization to develop a technique for
synthesizing resonator networks that well approximate the impedances
of real-world accelerator components. We will link this synthesis to
the closed-form resonator wake function solution, giving rise to a
powerful workflow that may be used to streamline beam dynamics
simulations.
Loading rutin on surfaces by the layer-by-layer assembly technique to improve the oxidation resistance and osteogenesis of titanium implants in osteoporotic rats
Authors: Wu Yinsheng , Wang Yong , Chen Fengyan , Wang Bingzhang 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct a rutin-controlled release system on the surface of Ti substrates and investigate its effects on osteogenesis and osseointegration on the surface of implants. The base layer, polyethylenimine (PEI), was immobilised on a titanium substrate. Then, hyaluronic acid (HA)/chitosan (CS)-rutin (RT) multilayer films were assembled on the PEI using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technology. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and contact angle measurements to examine all Ti samples. The drug release test of rutin was also carried out to detect the slow-release performance. The osteogenic abilities of the samples were evaluated by experiments on an osteoporosis rat model and MC3T3-E1 cells. The results (SEM, FTIR and contact angle measurements) all confirmed that the PEI substrate layer and HA/CS-RT multilayer film were effectively immobilised on titanium. The drug release test revealed that a rutin controlled release mechanism had been successfully established. Furthermore, the in vitro data revealed that osteoblasts on the coated titanium matrix had greater adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation capacity than the osteoblasts on the pure titanium surface. When MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative stress in vitro, cell-based tests revealed great tolerance and increased osteogenic potential on HA/CS-RT substrates. We also found that the HA/CS-RT coating significantly increased the new bone mass around the implant. The LBL-deposited HA/CS-RT multilayer coating on the titanium base surface established an excellent rutin-controlled release system, which significantly improved osseointegration and promoted osteogenesis under oxidative stress conditions, suggesting a new implant therapy strategy for patients with osteoporosis.
Robust antibacterial activity of rare-earth ions on planktonic and biofilm bacteria
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Luo Wei , Deng Hui , Hu Xuefeng , Zhang Jieyu , Wang Yunbing 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Bacterial infections pose a serious threat to human health, with emerging antibiotic resistance, necessitating the development of new antibacterial agents. Cu2+ and Ag+ are widely recognized antibacterial agents with a low propensity for inducing bacterial resistance; however, their considerable cytotoxicity constrains their clinical applications. Rare-earth ions, owing to their unique electronic layer structure, hold promise as promising alternatives. However, their antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility relative to conventional antibacterial agents remain underexplored, and the variations in activity across different rare-earth ions remain unclear. Here, we systematically evaluate the antibacterial activity of five rare-earth ions (Yb3+, Gd3+, Sm3+, Tb3+, and La3+) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, benchmarked against well-established antibacterial agents (Cu2+, Ag+) and the antibiotic norfloxacin. Cytotoxicity is also assessed via live/dead staining of fibroblasts after 24 h rare-earth ion exposure. Our findings reveal that rare-earth ions require higher concentrations to match the antibacterial effects of traditional agents but offer the advantage of significantly lower cytotoxicity. In particular, Gd3+ demonstrates potent bactericidal efficacy against both planktonic and biofilm bacteria, while maintaining the lowest cytotoxicity toward mammalian cells. Moreover, the tested rare-earth ions also exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Candida albicans. This study provides a critical empirical framework to guide the selection of rare-earth ions for biomedical applications, offering a strategic direction for the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
Air pollution from biomass burning in India
Authors: Tripathi Sachchida N , Yadav Shweta , Sharma Konika 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Air pollution is the most difficult challenge India is facing today, and anthropogenic biomass burning (ABB) is one of the major and least understood sources, leading to serious health and climate implications by affecting air quality, visibility, atmospheric chemistry, the Earth’s radiation budget and biogeochemical cycling. Scientific understanding of the composition, chemistry and regional dynamics of biomass burning (BB) emissions is still limited, thus constraining the implementation of appropriate research and policy interventions. The broad categories, associated complex emissions and spatio-temporal variations of ABB in India are discussed here. Major types of ABB that are prevalent year-round all over India include BB for cooking, heating purposes and open waste burning. Moreover, crop residue burning (CRB) in the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) during pre- (April–May) and post-monsoon (October–November) seasons, CRB in South India during January–February, forest fires in Central India and slash-and-burn agriculture in Northeast India during March–May are the other dominant sources that are active during specific months and in specific regions. Over the IGP, CRB along with other episodic ABB events and stagnant meteorology result in severe air quality and poor visibility (<∼300 m) with reported daily mean PM2.5 concentrations shooting up to 15 times higher than Central Pollution Control Board standards. When compared with wheat residue burning, higher fire counts and emissions are reported during paddy residue burning events. During winters, BB’s contribution to 37% of the aerosol oxidative potential in Delhi indicates its health implications. Meta-analysis of data obtained from representative source apportionment studies on PM10 shows >24% BB contribution in Assam, Ahmedabad, Kanpur and Visakhapatnam, 20%–24% in Patiala and Kolkata, and 10%–14% in Delhi. With regard to PM2.5, BB contributions of >24% in Ahmedabad and Agra, and 15%–19% in Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata are reported, while with regard to PM1, BB contributed 19%–24% in Kanpur, Patiala and Assam and <10% in Delhi. Observed spatio-temporal variations in ABB sources and composition over India call for region-specific solutions through airshed-based management.