bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of cavity roughness effects on melt filling in microinjection molding
Authors: Ong N. S. , Zhang H. L. , Lam Y. C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn microinjection molding, when dimensions of molded parts, and thus the cavity are small, cavity roughness may become significant for the filling of polymer melt. In this paper, cavity roughness effects on filling polymer melt flow into a thin circular cavity were investigated numerically with the aid of a newly developed inlet‐velocity iterative procedure. The roughness effects for different mold and melt temperatures, cavity thicknesses, and injection rates were investigated. The trends predicted by the numerical simulation are in good agreement with those obtained from the experiment. When the surface roughness approaches a significant portion (e.g., 10%) of the cavity thickness, the effect of surface roughness becomes extremely pronounced especially at lower mold temperatures and injection velocities. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 27:89–97, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20118
Cohesive‐driven particle circulation in the solids conveying zone of a single‐screw extruder
Authors: Thompson Michael R. , Al Otaibi Abdullah S. , Sun Junfeng 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAspects of heat transfer within the solids conveying zone of a single‐screw extruder were studied by using a specially constructed drum testing apparatus. Experiments were conducted with linear low‐density polyethylene, polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP) samples by examining their transient temperature profile while the heated drum was stationary or moving. In accordance with classic solids conveying theory, the granular beds of PP and PS remained as plugs while the drum rotated. In such cases, the dominant modes of heat transfer for these systems are conduction through the contact area of a particle and conduction through the interstitial gas. An exception to this behavior was found with PE, in which the bed temperature increased more rapidly while the drum rotated. Visual observations of the bed showed that the particles circulated in the presence of shear and that this complex flow pattern increased in velocity as the drum temperature approached the onset temperature for melting the PE material. With strong correlation between the rate of circulation and the temperature rise in the bed, the movement of particles was assumed to act in a convective heat transfer mode bringing about more uniform heating of the polymer. The circulation phenomenon was attributed to dominant adhesive forces at the particle–drum interface overcoming the cohesive strength of the bulk. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 27:74–88, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20121
Kinetics of the direct sulfation of limestone at the initial stage of crystal growth of the solid product
Authors: Hu Guilin , Dam‐Johansen Kim , Wedel Stig 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe direct sulfation of limestone was studied in a quartz bench scale fixed‐bed reactor with the technique of data deconvolution. The obtained results show that the direct sulfation of limestone has a two‐period kinetic behavior: a short initial sulfation period with high but fast decreasing reaction rate and a subsequent period with product crystal growth with low‐conversion rate. The transition from the first period to the second period is sharp and indicates clearly the start point of the period with product crystal growth. The transition point was determined by the concentrations of gases such as SO2, O2, and CO2 and the temperature. The sulfation process in the initial stage of the period with product crystal growth can be described by the combination of the sulfation reaction at the gas–solid interface, diffusion of the product ions toward the product crystal grains, diffusion of carbonate ions toward the gas–solid interface to react, and the gradual shielding of calcite surface area by the product crystal grains. A simple and semi‐empirical mathematical model derived on basis of this theory gives a satisfactory description of the experimental results up to a calcite conversion of about 0.5%. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Recovery after splenectomy associated with persistence of abnormally large von willebrand factor multimers
Authors: Rowe Jacob M. , Francis Charles W. , Cyran Elizabeth M. , Marder Victor J. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractA patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) responded transiently to four courses of plasma exchange therapy, then subsequently had a sustained completed remission following splenectomy. The von Willebrand factor multimeric pattern during remission following each plasma exchange and during the entire postsplenectomy period showed abnormally large forms that were not present on presentation and with each clinical relapse. These findings support prior observations regarding the presence of abnormal von Willebrand factor multimers in relapsing TTP and suggest that the multimers contribute to platelet aggregation and the thrombotic lesions. The association of sustained remission and persistence of the abnormally large plasma multimers after splenectomy suggests that this response was not coincidental. This supports the concept that a subgroup of patients with TTP may exist in which the pathophysiology of disease is significantly modulated by the spleen and in which splenectomy may induce long‐lasting remission.
Obelionic cranial deformation in the Puebloan Southwest
Authors: Nelson Greg C. , Madimenos Felicia C. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAs a form of cranial deformation, obelionic flattening is rare. Originally named and described by Stewart (J Wash Acad Sci 29 (1939) 460–465), based on a small sample from Florida, it has been little noted since. Previously [Nelson and Madimenos, Paper presented at the Paleopathology Association annual meeting (2007)], we reported the discovery of two individuals from the Pueblo III Gallina site of Cañada Simon I who exhibit flattening of this type. Although technically undescribed in the Southwest before now, there are tantalizing clues in the literature that it occurred in low frequencies throughout the Ancestral Pueblo world. To determine whether the obelionic flattening found at Cañada Simon I was isolated or an indication of a more widespread phenomenon, we undertook a survey of crania from other Gallina sites, Chaco Canyon, and the literature (type of deformation can be determined on lateral photographs of crania properly positioned along the Frankfort Horizontal). We examined 146 crania (78 firsthand) of which seven exhibit obelionic flattening. Our results indicate that obelionic flattening should be added to the suite of cranial deformations that occur in the Southwest. Here, we propose parameters by which obelionic flattening can be described and differentiated from the more common lambdoidal and occipital forms and suggest that the three types of flattening form a continuum of cradleboard induced deformation, although the exact mechanism for obelionic flattening remains elusive. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief communication: Facial fluctuating asymmetry as a marker of sex differences of the response to phenotypic stresses
Authors: Özener Barış 
Published: July 2010

AbstractFluctuating asymmetry (FA) is thought to increase as a result of environmental perturbations during development. A number of studies involving measures of health and developmental stability other than FA have discussed the presumed increased buffering in females relative to males. But, there is little evidence in the literature on FA to support this hypothesis. This research was conducted to determine the level of difference in terms of facial FA between sexes under different environmental conditions. Group 1 included final year students from three high schools in Yenimahalle, a slum district of Ankara (males:N= 163, mean age = 17.55, sd = 0.50; females:N= 141, mean age = 17.48, sd = 0.38). Group 2 included students with higher socioeconomic background and was composed of final year students from three different private schools located in Cankaya (N= 171, mean age = 17.44, sd = 0.26; females:N= 152, mean age = 17.38, sd = 0.31). Digital images were used to assess the degree of facial asymmetry as measured from eight paired traits and calculated as a composite score. The study shows that the male students had higher facial asymmetry than the female students. However, the present difference reaches a significant level in the low‐socioeconomic status group. As a result, it could be inferred that differences in developmental stability between sexes might emerge under stressful conditions. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:321–324, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of di‐nitrogen Schiff base complexes of methyltrioxorhenium(VII) and their application in epoxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhang Yuecheng , Qiu Chuanjiang , Zhao Jiquan 
Published: July 2010

AbstractSeveral di‐nitrogen Schiff bases were synthesized through the condensation of 2‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde with primary amines. The Schiff bases as ligands coordinated with methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) smoothly to afford the correspondent complexes which were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis. One of the complexes was analyzed by X‐ray crystallography as well. The results revealed that the complexes display distorted octahedral geometry in the solid state with a trans‐position of Schiff base. Catalytic results indicated that the complexes as catalysts increased the selectivity of epoxides remarkably compared with MTO in the epoxidation of alkenes with 30% hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and the increasing rate depended on the structure of the Schiff base ligands of the complexes. The results indicated that the stronger the donating ability of the ligand, the higher selectivity of epoxides the complex gave in the epoxidation of alkenes with 30% hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enriching chromium(III) from dilute aqueous stream via liquid emulsion membrane process
Authors: Mehta Rilesh M. , Mahajani Vijaykumar V. 
Published: July 2010

ABSTRACTWastewaters from many industrial processes often contain chromium(III) and chromium(VI) from metallurgical operations is highly toxic. The liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) process performs extraction and stripping simultaneously (eliminating the stripper entirely); this process intensification provides a significant increase in interfacial area for mass transfer. LEM process has been used for the enrichment of Cr(VI), but there is very little published information for the enrichment of Cr(III). In this study, the extraction and enrichment of chromium(III), using di‐2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in dodecane was carried out via the LEM process with aqueous methane sulfonic acid (MSA) as the strip phase. The complexation stoichiometric coefficient and equilibrium constant were measured by conventional liquid–liquid extraction studies. Emulsion preparation parameters, such as carrier concentration, surfactant concentration, and internal strip phase (MSA) concentration, were determined in order to obtain the maximum extraction and enrichment. The influence of operating process parameters on the performance of the LEM process, i.e. residence time, speed of agitation and treat ratio (TR), were studied. It was found that 83% extraction and nearly nine times enrichment of chromium(III) was obtained within 6 min of residence time at 400 rpm and 1:10 TR. A simple, but practical, model was developed in order to assist process design studies. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electric fatigue of ceramic–polymer composite film under cyclic electric field
Authors: Fang F. , Yang W. , Zhang M. Z. , Wang Z. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractElectric fatigue under cyclic electric loading was characterized for 0–3 composite film with particles of barium titanate dispersed in poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) copolymer matrix. The data reveal that both remanant polarization and coercive field decrease as the cycle number increases. Scanning electron microscope observation and X‐ray diffraction analysis were carried out to examine the morphology and microstructure change during the electric field cycling. On cyclic electric field, large quantities of flaw‐like defects occur and the crystallites grow in size, leading to reduction of interfacial layers between the crystalline and amorphous regions. The relationship between the microstructure evolution and the polarization behavior is discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mechanochemical preparation of a novel polymeric photostabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Zhang Xiaofei , Zhao Tianbao , Pi Hong , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe preparation of a novel polymeric photostabilizer was carried out via the vibromilling of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) powder, a reactive light stabilizer (r‐LS), and a peroxide initiator in ball‐containing jars with a planetary ball mill for a certain time. The effects of the initiator content, milling time, and temperature on the grafting ratio were studied with gravimetric analysis and intrinsic viscosity measurements. Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectra were used to investigate the structural development of the mixture of the r‐LS and PVC during vibromilling. The results showed that the r‐LS was grafted onto PVC chains successfully, and the aforementioned factors had a significant effect on the grafting ratio. The optimum preparation conditions were 0.5 wt % initiator, 8 h, and 20°C. A grafting mechanism is proposed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Grafting itaconic anhydride onto polyethylene using extrusion
Authors: Verbeek C. J. R. , Hanipah S. H. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractReactive extrusion was employed to graft itaconic anhydride (IA) onto polyethylene, using thermally induced peroxide decomposition. It was found that an increase in IA concentration lead to an increase in the degree of grafting (DOG), but only up to 6 wt % IA. Using di‐cumyl peroxide (DCP) as the initiator resulted in a higher DOG compared to di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) and required less reaction time to achieve the same DOG. However, raising the IA concentration also resulted in an increase in cross‐linking. Increasing the initiator concentration from 0.2 to 2 wt % resulted in a higher DOG. However, 5 wt % initiator showed similar results compared to using 0.2 wt % due to termination by disproportionation, which has been shown to be more prevalent at high initiator concentrations. Degradation was clearly observed by the inability to form a continuous extrudate during extrusion as well as discolouration. A residence time of more than 50 seconds, using DCP and 120 s for DTBP didn't offer any further increase in the DOG and also resulted in more pronounced degradation. Optimizing grafting is therefore a trade‐off between maximal DOG and minimizing side reactions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Synthesis and Calcium Modulatory Activity of 3‐Alkyloxy‐ carbonyl‐4‐(disubstituted)aryl‐5‐oxo‐1,4,5,6,7,8‐hexa‐hydroquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Simsek Rahime , Öztürk Gökçe S. , Vural I. Mert , Gündüz Miyase G. , Sarıoǧlu Yusuf , Safak Cihat 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn this study, twelve hexahydroquinoline derivatives which are condensed analogs of the 1,4‐DHP molecule were synthesized and evaluated for their calcium‐antagonistic activity. The results indicated that all compounds and nifedipine produced concentration‐dependent relaxation in rabbit gastric fundus smooth muscle strips. The relaxant effects of the compounds on the tissues were expressed as percentage of the precontraction using Ca2+. The maximum response (Emax) and pD2values (the negative logarithm of the concentration for the half‐maximal response (EC50)) were calculated. It is generally believed that introduction of a second electron‐withdrawing substituent into the phenyl ring increases the mentioned activity. Methyl‐2,7,7‐trimethyl‐4‐(2‐nitro‐5‐chlorophenyl)‐5‐oxo‐l,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylate2ahas been found to be the most active compound in this serie.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2,4,6‐Functionalized Derivatives of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines as Cytotoxic Agents and Apoptosis Inducers
Authors: Sanmartín Carmen , Domínguez María Victoria , Cordeu Lucía , Cubedo Elena , García‐Foncillas Jesús , Font María , Palop Juan Antonio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the search for new derivatives with anticancer activity that are able to induce a selective pro‐apoptotic mechanism in cancer cells, we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of new 2‐(alkylsulfanyl)‐N‐alkylpyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐4‐amine derivatives as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducers. The potential antitumor activity of the compounds was evaluated in vitro by examining their cytotoxic effects against human breast, colon, and bladder cancer‐cell lines. The IC50 values of the compounds that showed cytotoxic activity were calculated. The cytotoxic compounds were then tested for their ability to induce caspase‐3 activation and nuclear‐chromatin degradation. Some compounds, such as 6c, 6d, 6e, 6j, 6o, and 6p, show significant in‐vitro cytotoxicity in at least two of the three tested cell lines, induced apoptosis, and also produced a rapid dose‐dependent increase in the caspase‐3 level in some of the cell lines tested. In order to test the selectivity of the compounds, two non‐tumoral human cell lines were used. Several compounds of the did not show cytotoxicity in these cell lines.
The prediction of human response to ONO‐4641, a sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulator, from preclinical data based on pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling
Authors: Ohno Tomoya , Hasegawa Chihiro , Nakade Susumu , Kitagawa Junsaku , Honda Naoki , Ogawa Mikio 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of ONO‐4641 in humans were estimated using preclinical data in order to provide essential information to better design future clinical studies. The characterization of PK/PD was measured in terms of decreased lymphocyte counts in blood after administration of ONO‐4641, a sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptor modulator. Using a two‐compartment model, human PK parameters were estimated from preclinical PK data of cynomolgus monkey andin vitrohuman metabolism data. To estimate human PD parameters, the relationship between lymphocyte counts and plasma concentrations of ONO‐4641 in cynomolgus monkeys was determined. The relationship between lymphocyte counts and plasma concentrations of ONO‐4641 was described by an indirect‐response model. The indirect‐response model had anImaxvalue of 0.828 and an IC50value of 1.29 ng/ml based on the cynomolgus monkey data. These parameters were used to represent human PD parameters for the simulation of lymphocyte counts. Other human PD parameters such as input and output rate constants for lymphocytes were obtained from the literature. Based on these estimated human PK and PD parameters, human lymphocyte counts after administration of ONO‐4641 were simulated. In conclusion, the simulation of human lymphocyte counts based on preclinical data led to the acquisition of useful information for designing future clinical studies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of a 300 mT static magnetic field on human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Potenza Lucia , Martinelli Chiara , Polidori Emanuela , Zeppa Sabrina , Calcabrini Cinzia , Stocchi Laura , Sestili Piero , Stocchi Vilberto 
Published: July 2010

AbstractThis study describes the effects of a static magnetic field (SMF) on cell growth and DNA integrity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Fast halo assay was used to investigate nuclear damage; quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), standard PCR, and real‐time PCR were used to evaluate mitochondrial DNA integrity, content, and gene expression. HUVECs were continually exposed to a 300 mT SMF for 4, 24, 48, and 72 h. Compared to control samples (unexposed cultures) the SMF‐exposed cells did not show a statistically significant change in their viability. Conversely, the static field was shown to be significant after 4 h of exposure, inducing damage on both the nuclear and mitochondrial levels, reducing mitochondrial content and increasing reactive oxygen species. Twenty‐four hours of exposure increased mitochondrial DNA content as well as expression of one of the main genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis. No significant differences between exposed and sham cultures were found after 48 and 72 h of exposure. The results suggest that a 300 mT SMF does not cause permanent DNA damage in HUVECs and stimulates a transient mitochondrial biogenesis. Bioelectromagnetics 31:630–639, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regression Definite Integrals Using Only Observations with Positive σ‐Contribution
Authors: Glasbey C. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractAn algorithm is proposed for estimating the value of a definite integral in a regression model, subject to the constraint that increasing the value of any observation does not decrease the estimated value of the integral. It is shown that the estimator is consistent and asymptotically unbiased. It also has minimum variance in the special case of simple linear regression. In estimating the average milk yield of cows in 100‐day periods, using monthly observations and various non‐linear regression functions, the method produces estimates with lower mean square error than either least squares regression or simple averaging.
Potential‐Energy surface for double‐helical DNA with Watson‐Crick base Pairs. II. Complete energy minimization study
Authors: Tumanyan V. G. , Neyfack Yu. A. , Il'Icheva I. A. 
Published: July 2010

AbstractIn the previous paper in the series a full set of possible structures of double‐helical DNA was obtained on the basis of complete scanning throughout conformational space of dihedral angles. In this work, these conformations have been used as starting points for energy optimization. All structures with Watson‐Crick pairing coinciding with local minima of energy are deduced. These are right helices, B (a classical Wilkins B form), B1, B2 (the Watson and Crick form), B3, left helices, L1 (the Sasisekharan form), L2 (the Tumanyan et al. form), L3, and some helices without stacking of nucleotide pairs, K1‐K6. Conformations B2, L2, and L1 are close to the B form with respect to energy (L3, B1, and B3 have rather poor energy). Incidentally, the similarity expands to values of helical parameters. For the structures described, the various energetic contributions in total energy have been estimated. The types of sugar conformations are analyzed. The possible biological significance of the elaborated optimal structures is discussed.