bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and magnetic properties of manganite thin films on Si by polymer assisted (PAD) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD).
Authors: Vila-Fungueiriño J. M. , Rivas-Murias B. , Rivadulla F. 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTWe report the synthesis of polycrystalline films of La1-xCaxMnO3 in Si (111) by Polymer Assisted Deposition (PAD). An aqueous solution polyethyleneimine (PEI) and different metal ions stabilized with EDTA, was spin coated on hydrophilized Si substrates and subsequently annealed under different atmospheres. Homogeneous, dense polycrystalline films are obtained at optimized conditions of 950 ºC under flowing O2. The morphology and magnetic properties of the samples are compared with films obtained by Pulsed Laser Deposition.
Antitumor Effects of Somatostatin Analogs in Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Sidéris Lucas , Dubé Pierre , Rinke Anja 
Published: May 2012

Abstract

Background.
For decades, somatostatin analogs (including octreotide and lanreotide) have been indicated for relief of the symptoms of flushing, diarrhea, and wheezing associated with secretory neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Recently, it has been suggested that somatostatin analogs may provide direct and indirect antitumor effects in secretory and nonsecretory NETs in addition to symptom control in secretory NETs.

Methods.
A systematic review of MEDLINE was conducted to identify studies that investigated the antitumor effects of octreotide or lanreotide for patients with NETs. Additional studies not published in the peer-reviewed literature were identified by searching online abstracts.

Results.
In all, 17 octreotide trials and 11 lanreotide trials that included antitumor effects were identified. Partial response rates were between 0% and 31%, and stable disease rates were between 15% and 89%. Octreotide was the only somatostatin analog for which results of a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial that investigated antitumor effects were published. After 6 months of treatment in this randomized phase III trial, stable disease was observed in 67% of patients (hazard ratio for time to disease progression: 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.20–0.59; p = .000072).

Conclusions.
In addition to symptom control for NETs, the data support an antitumor effect of somatostatin analogs and suggest that they may slow tumor growth. Long-acting repeatable octreotide has been shown to have an antitumor effect in a randomized phase III trial in midgut NETs, whereas results are pending in a corresponding controlled trial with lanreotide for patients with intestinal and pancreatic primary NETs.
Donor-Specific Antibodies after Ceasing Immunosuppressive Therapy, with or without an Allograft Nephrectomy
Authors: Del Bello Arnaud , Congy-Jolivet Nicolas , Sallusto Federico , Guilbeau-Frugier Celine , Cardeau-Desangles Isabelle , Fort Marylise , Esposito Laure , Guitard Joelle , Cointault Olivier , Lavayssière Laurence , Nogier Marie Béatrice , Blancher Antoine , Rostaing Lionel , Kamar Nassim 
Published: May 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Within the last few years, anti–human leukocyte antigen detection assays have significantly improved. This study asked, using the Luminex single-antigen assay, whether an allograft nephrectomy allowed donor-specific alloantibodies to appear that were not previously detected in the serum when the failed kidney was still in place.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
After losing the kidney allograft and stopping immunosuppressive therapy, the proportions of donor-specific alloantibodies and nondonor-specific alloantibodies were compared in patients who had (n=48; group I) and had not (n=21; group II) undergone an allograft nephrectomy. Allograft nephrectomies were performed at 150 days after kidney allograft loss, and the time between allograft nephrectomy and last follow-up was 538±347 days.

Results
At kidney allograft loss, donor-specific alloantibodies were detected in three group II patients (14.2%) and six group I patients (12.5%). At last follow-up, donor-specific alloantibodies were detected in 11 patients (52.4%) without and 39 patients (81%) with an allograft nephrectomy (P=0.02). Anti–human leukocyte antigen class I donor-specific alloantibodies were positive in 23.8% of group II and 77% of group I patients (P<0.001); anti–human leukocyte antigen class II donor-specific alloantibodies were positive in 42.8% of group II and 62.5% of group I patients. Independent predictive factors for developing donor-specific alloantibodies after losing kidney allograft and stopping immunosuppressants were number of anti–human leukocyte antigen A/B mismatches at transplantation (zero versus one or more) and allograft nephrectomy.

Conclusions
The development of donor-specific alloantibodies was significantly greater in patients with a failed kidney who had undergone an allograft nephrectomy compared with those patients who had not undergone allograft nephrectomy.
Superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass using local anesthesia and a sedative without endotracheal general anesthesia
Authors: Kaku Yasuhiko , Yamashita Kentaro , Kokuzawa Jouji , Kanou Kiyomitsu , Tsujimoto Masanori 
Published: May 2012

Object
Superficial temporal artery (STA)–middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypasses have continually evolved, and new strategies have been advocated for reducing anesthetic or surgical morbidity and mortality. Further simplifying, and decreasing the invasiveness of, STA-MCA bypass by performing this operation without endotracheal general anesthesia was believed to be feasible in certain subsets of patients.

Methods
The authors performed STA-MCA bypass using local anesthesia with a sedative in 10 patients with hemodynamically compromised occlusive cerebrovascular disease, as well as multiple comorbidities, between February 2010 and September 2011. The technique is based on the preoperative identification of the point at which the donor and recipient vessels are in closest proximity. Preoperative use of CT angiography allowed the authors to identify the target point precisely and use a minimally invasive procedure. All patients received dexmedetomidine as the sole sedative agent, together with scalp-blocking local anesthesia, with an unsecured airway.

Results
Successful STA-MCA bypass surgeries were achieved via a preselected minimally invasive approach in all cases. There was good hemodynamic stability throughout surgery. No airway or ventilation complications occurred, and no patients were converted to general anesthesia. Subjectively, patients tolerated the technique well with a high rate of satisfaction. There were no perioperative morbidities or deaths. Postoperative MR angiography confirmed a patent bypass in all patients. All patients remained symptom free and returned to normal daily life following the operation.

Conclusions
This initial experience confirms the feasibility of performing STA-MCA bypass without endotracheal general anesthesia. This novel technique produced a high degree of patient satisfaction.
A 3D environment for anulus fibrosus regeneration
Authors: Cabraja Mario , Endres Michaela , Hegewald Aldemar A. , Vetterlein Samuel , Thomé Claudius , Woiciechowsky Christian , Kaps Christian 
Published: May 2012

Object
Biological repair strategies for the treatment of degenerated intervertebral discs are of growing interest. In addition to the development of nucleus pulposus implants to restore disc height and relieve pain, there is growing demand for an appropriate method for reconstructing the anulus fibrosus (AF). The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the applicability of a resorbable 3D polymer of pure polyglycolic acid (PGA) combined with hyaluronan for the use in cell-free and cell-based regeneration and repair of the AF.

Methods
Adult human AF cells were expanded in vitro using human serum and rearranged three dimensionally in hyaluronan-PGA scaffolds that were stabilized with fibrin for in vitro analyses. The capacity of dedifferentiated AF cells to redifferentiate was evaluated after 2 weeks of culture, using propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate staining, gene expression analysis of typical marker genes, and histological staining of proteoglycans.

Results
The propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate staining demonstrated that vital human AF cells were evenly distributed within the construct. The induction of typical AF marker genes such as collagen Types I–III indicated the initiation of AF redifferentiation by 3D assembly in hyaluronan-PGA. Histological analysis of the constructs showed initial formation of an AF-like matrix comprising proteoglycans.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the 3D arrangement of human AF cells in resorbable hyaluronan-PGA scaffolds cultured in the presence of human serum is an excellent system for AF cell redifferentiation.
Elevation changes of glaciers revealed by multitemporal digital elevation models calibrated by GPS survey in the Khumbu region, Nepal Himalaya, 1992-2008
Authors: Nuimura Takayuki , Fujita Koji , Yamaguchi Satoru , Sharma Rishi R. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractDue to remoteness and high altitude, only a few ground-based glacier change studies are available in high-mountain areas in the Himalaya. However, digital elevation models based on remotely sensed data (RS-DEMs) provide feasible opportunities to evaluate how fast Himalayan glaciers are changing. Here we compute elevation changes in glacier surface (total area 183.3 km2) in the Khumbu region, Nepal Himalaya, for the period 1992-2008 using multitemporal RS-DEMs and a map-derived DEM calibrated with differential GPS survey data in 2007. Elevation change is calculated by generating a weighted least-squares linear regression model. Our method enables us to provide the distribution of uncertainty of the elevation change. Debris-covered areas show large lowering rates. The spatial distribution of elevation change shows that the different wastage features of the debris-covered glaciers depend on their scale, slope and the existence of glacial lakes. The elevation changes of glaciers in the eastern Khumbu region are in line with previous studies. The regional average mass balance of -0.40 ± 0.25 m w.e.a-1 for the period 1992-2008 is consistent with a global value of about -0.55 m w.e. a-1 for the period 1996-2005.
La fraude de Bernardo Cutica, agent par nécessité et négociant par aspiration dans la Trieste du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Panariti Loredana 
Published: May 2012

Résumé La profession d’agent commercial au XVIII e siècle à Trieste est mal connue car les marchands eux-mêmes étaient très souvent engagés à la fois dans leurs propres activités commerciales ou productives et dans la représentation dans la cité d’autres maisons de commerce. En raison de ces partiularités, seul le commerce à grande distance permettait de distinguer les représentants d’autres marchands ou les véritables agents commerciaux. Rassemblés dans une sorte de corporation, reconnue par l’administration impériale à Vienne, les membres de ce groupe bénéficiaient d’exemptions douanières et d’autres facilités ; ils comprenaient les marchands typiques du monde préindustriel qui s’adonnaient au commerce, aux activités financières et à l’assurance et investissaient dans la manufacture et l’artisanat. Nous connaissons seulement le nom de quelques-uns de ces agents. En revanche, nous avons beaucoup de documents relatifs à Bernardo Cutica, qui a quitté Buda pour Trieste afin de suivre les affaires de la maison de commerce Brentano Cimaroli e Venino. En fait, les documents accessibles aujourd’hui qui ont trait aux longues poursuites contre lui pour vol et fraude autorisent une étude approfondie de sa vie et de son action. Cet article cerne d’abord la ville et les marchands jusqu’à la seconde moitié du XVIII e siècle. Il présente ensuite les hauts et les bas de la vie de Cutica, sa formation et sa position, ses activités professionnelles, et les relie au processus de création à Trieste d’un capital social fondé sur la confiance.
Le représentant et le Roquefort de la Société des Caves (1851-1914)
Authors: Vabre Sylvie 
Published: May 2012

Résumé De 1851, date de sa création, à 1914, la Société des Caves et des Producteurs Réunis de Roquefort – aujourd’hui bien connue sous le nom de Roquefort Société – se dote d’un réseau commercial étoffé : limité à une personne à l’origine, il atteint 146 représentants, dont 31 localisés à l’étranger, à la veille de la Grande Guerre. Vendre du roquefort est une tâche qui demande de multiples compétences mais le résultat collectif obtenu par cette armée de commerciaux est à la hauteur : un réseau national est construit dès les années 1880 et le fromage est exporté. Il serait trop court toutefois de limiter l’épopée de ces hommes payés à la commission à des succès commerciaux. Ils sont aussi une force de transformation de l’entreprise et du produit.
Applications des concordanciers à l'enseignement de la grammaire anglaise en DEUG
Authors: Rézeau Joseph 
Published: May 2012

Les programmes de recherche des collocations des mots d'une langue sont récemment devenus conviviaux et abordables ; les corpus de textes sous forme numérique existent. L'utilisation didactique de ces outils reste néanmoins marginale ou épisodique. Cet article donne des exemples concrets et commentés d'application des concordanciers à l'enseignement de la grammaire anglaise à l'université et une ébauche de typologie d'exercices.
Multicomponent Physical Vapor Deposited Films with Homogeneous Molecular Material Distribution Featuring Improved Resist Sensitivity
Authors: Kolb Tristan , Neuber Christian , Krysak Marie , Ober Christopher K. , Schmidt Hans‐Werner 
Published: May 2012

AbstractEach film preparation technique affects the physical properties of the resulting coating and thus defines its applicability in modern device construction. In this context solvent based spin coated and solvent‐free physical vapor deposited molecular glass photoresist films are systematically investigated for their dissolution behavior, sensitivity, and overall lithographic performance. These investigations demonstrate that the solvent‐free physical vapor deposition leads to a marked increase in sensitivity. This could be explained by the individual molecule by molecule deposition step producing a more homogeneous distribution of the multicomponent resist system, especially the photoacid generator. In addition, this assumption is supported by former published simulations focusing on aggregate formation within thin films. This work demonstrates that the lithographic sensitivity of multicomponent resist system is an intrinsic parameter to investigate molecular material distribution and indicates that the applied film preparation technique is crucial for the corresponding performance and applicability.
Interfacial Reaction‐Directed Synthesis of Ce–Mn Binary Oxide Nanotubes and Their Applications in CO Oxidation and Water Treatment
Authors: Chen Guozhu , Rosei Federico , Ma Dongling 
Published: May 2012

AbstractInterfacial oxidation–reduction reaction is herein developed to prepare hollow binary oxide nanostructures. Ce–Mn nanotubes are fabricated by treating Ce(OH)CO3 templates with KMnO4 aqueous solution, where MnO4− is reduced to manganese oxide and the Ce3+ in Ce(OH)CO3 is simultaneously oxidized to form cerium oxide, followed by selective wash with HNO3. The resulting Ce–Mn binary oxide nanotubes exhibit high catalytic activity towards CO oxidation and show significant adsorption capacity of Congo red. Moreover, guided by the same interfacial‐reaction principle, binary oxide hollow nanostructures with different shapes and compositions are synthesized. Specifically, hollow Ce–Mn binary oxide cubes, and Co‐Mn and Ce‐Fe binary oxide hollow nanostructures are achieved by changing the shape of the Ce(OH)CO3 templates from rods to cubes, by changing the tempates from Ce(OH)CO3 nanorods to Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.20(OH)1.10 nanowires, and by replacing the oxidant of KMnO4 with another strong one, K2FeO4, respectively. This work is expected to open a new, simple avenue for the general synthesis of hollow binary oxide nanostructures.
Aquaporin 4‐specific T cells in neuromyelitis optica exhibit a Th17 bias and recognize Clostridium ABC transporter
Authors: Varrin‐Doyer Michel , Spencer Collin M. , Schulze‐Topphoff Ulf , Nelson Patricia A. , Stroud Robert M. , C. Cree Bruce A. , Zamvil Scott S. 
Published: May 2012

AbstractObjective:Aquaporin 4 (AQP4)‐specific autoantibodies in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are immunoglobulin (Ig)G1, a T cell‐dependent Ig subclass, indicating that AQP4‐specific T cells participate in NMO pathogenesis. Our goal was to identify and characterize AQP4‐specific T cells in NMO patients and healthy controls (HC).Methods:Peripheral blood T cells from NMO patients and HC were examined for recognition of AQP4 and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Monocytes were evaluated for production of T cell‐polarizing cytokines and expression of costimulatory molecules.Results:T cells from NMO patients and HC proliferated to intact AQP4 or AQP4 peptides (p11–30, p21–40, p61–80, p131–150, p156–170, p211–230, and p261–280). T cells from NMO patients demonstrated greater proliferation to AQP4 than those from HC, and responded most vigorously to p61–80, a naturally processed immunodominant determinant of intact AQP4. T cells were CD4+, and corresponding to association of NMO with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DRB1*0301 and DRB3, AQP4 p61–80‐specific T cells were HLA‐DR restricted. The T‐cell epitope within AQP4 p61–80 was mapped to 63–76, which contains 10 residues with 90% homology to a sequence within Clostridium perfringens adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter permease. T cells from NMO patients proliferated to this homologous bacterial sequence, and cross‐reactivity between it and self‐AQP4 was observed, supporting molecular mimicry. In NMO, AQP4 p61–80‐specific T cells exhibited Th17 polarization, and furthermore, monocytes produced more interleukin 6, a Th17‐polarizing cytokine, and expressed elevated CD40 and CD80 costimulatory molecules, suggesting innate immunologic dysfunction.Interpretation:AQP4‐specific T‐cell responses are amplified in NMO, exhibit a Th17 bias, and display cross‐reactivity to a protein of an indigenous intestinal bacterium, providing new perspectives for investigating NMO pathogenesis. ANN NEUROL 2012;
Noble‐Metal Nanocrystals with Concave Surfaces: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Zhang Hui , Jin Mingshang , Xia Younan 
Published: May 2012

AbstractMetal nanocrystals with concave surfaces are interesting for a wide variety of applications that are related to catalysis, plasmonics, and surface‐enhanced spectroscopy. This interest arises from their high‐index facets, surface cavities, and sharp corners/edges. Two major challenges are associated with this novel class of nanocrystals: 1) how to generate a concave surface with negative curvature, which is not favored by thermodynamics owing to its higher energy than the convex counterpart; and 2) how to stabilize the morphology of a nanocrystal with concave structures on the surface. Recently, a number of different procedures have been developed for the synthesis of noble‐metal nanocrystals with concave surfaces. This Review provides a brief account of these developments, with the aim of offering new insights into the growth mechanisms. We focus on methods based on two general strategies: 1) site‐specific dissolution through etching and galvanic replacement; and 2) directionally controlled overgrowth by facet‐selective capping, kinetic control, and template‐directed epitaxy. Their enhanced catalytic and electrocatalytic properties are also described.
Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises and Sustainability: Managers' Values and Engagement with Environmental and Climate Change Issues
Authors: Williams Sarah , Schaefer Anja 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis article reports on an in‐depth, qualitative study into the pro‐environmental engagement of small businesses in the east of England, with respect to climate change in particular. Managers of environmentally pro‐active small businesses were asked about the pro‐environmental measures they had implemented in their firms, their motivations for doing so, and their understanding of climate change. The managers in this study had a relatively good understanding of environmental issues in general and climate change in particular, and had implemented a range of pro‐environmental measures in their firms. Their understanding of climate change was a holistic one, which sat within their overall understanding of environmental and social issues. While economic arguments and external pressure played a role in their pro‐environmental engagement, perhaps the most notable motivation for managers in this study to engage with environmental and climate change issues was personal values and beliefs. Environmentally engaged managers exhibited an internal locus of control. Some of these findings contrast with the views of key informants in local government and business advice organisations, who tend to emphasise the business case and cost arguments when trying to encourage small businesses towards greater environmental engagement. These findings suggest that public policy and business advice in this area should perhaps focus more strongly on personal values and a sense of being able to contribute to environmental protection in their engagement with small businesses. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Interactive coupling between a tree and raindrops
Authors: Yang Meng , Jiang Longsheng , Li Xiaosheng , Liu Youquan , Liu Xuehui , Wu Enhua 
Published: May 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel approach for simulating the dynamic coupling between a tree and raindrops based on physical deformation and fluid simulation. By the approach, tree animation in the rain can be simulated in a two‐resolution way: branch motion and leaf motion. The branch is represented by the Euler–Bernoulli beam model, and the leaf petiole is represented by the three‐prism elastic model. Interaction coupling liquid motion on the hydrophilic surface with a flexible petiole is well implemented by a special design. To simplify the computation process, instead of the computation‐intensive three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, shallow water equations are used to simulate the water dynamics together with the whole leaf deformation. Simulation has been also made to various phenomena incurred from the interactive coupling. These include, among others, part of impacting raindrops splashing into the air with the remaining flowing along the slant of the leaf and merging into larger ones or hanging on the blade boundary, with the leaf rebounding and vibrating after the drops fall off the leaf. A level‐of‐detail approach is exploited to accelerate rendering in views of different distances. The experimental results illustrate that the approach can be applied to efficiently generate realistic details of the interactive coupling between a tree and raindrops. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.