bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Electrokinetic Fingerprint: A Novel Approach Based on Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP) for In‐Flow Identification of Single Cells
Authors: Filippi Joanna , Casti Paola , Antonelli Gianni , Murdocca Michela , Mencattini Arianna , Corsi Francesca , D'Orazio Michele , Pecora Alessandro , De Luca Massimiliano , Curci Giorgia , Ghibelli Lina , Sangiuolo Federica , Neale Steven L. , Martinelli Eugenio 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA novel optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) system that can operate under flow conditions is designed for automatic trapping of cells and subsequent induction of 2D multi‐frequency cell trajectories. Like in a “ping‐pong” match, two virtual electrode barriers operate in an alternate mode with varying frequencies of the input voltage. The so‐derived cell motions are characterized via time‐lapse microscopy, cell tracking, and state‐of‐the‐art machine learning algorithms, like the wavelet scattering transform (WST). As a cell‐electrokinetic fingerprint, the dynamic of variation of the cell displacements happening, over time, is quantified in response to different frequency values of the induced electric field. When tested on two biological scenarios in the cancer domain, the proposed approach discriminates cellular dielectric phenotypes obtained, respectively, at different early phases of drug‐induced apoptosis in prostate cancer (PC3) cells and for differential expression of the lectine‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) transcript levels in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD‐1) cells. The results demonstrate increased discrimination of the proposed system and pose an additional basis for making ODEP‐based assays addressing cancer heterogeneity for precision medicine and pharmacological research.
Benchmarking of X‐Ray Fluorescence Microscopy with Ion Beam Implanted Samples Showing Detection Sensitivity of Hundreds of Atoms
Authors: Masteghin Mateus G. , Gervais Toussaint , Clowes Steven K. , Cox David C. , Zelyk Veronika , Pattammattel Ajith , Chu Yong S. , Kolev Nikola , Stock Taylor J. Z. , Curson Neil J. , Evans Paul G. , Stuckelberger Michael , Murdin Benedict N. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSingle impurities in insulators are now often used for quantum sensors and single photon sources, while nanoscale semiconductor doping features are being constructed for electrical contacts in quantum technology devices, implying that new methods for sensitive, non‐destructive imaging of single‐ or few‐atom structures are needed. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) can provide nanoscale imaging with chemical specificity, and features comprising as few as 100 000 atoms have been detected without any need for specialized or destructive sample preparation. Presently, the ultimate limits of sensitivity of XRF are unknown – here, gallium dopants in silicon are investigated using a high brilliance, synchrotron source collimated to a small spot. It is demonstrated that with a single‐pixel integration time of 1 s, the sensitivity is sufficient to identify a single isolated feature of only 3000 Ga impurities (a mass of just 350 zg). With increased integration (25 s), 650 impurities can be detected. The results are quantified using a calibration sample consisting of precisely controlled numbers of implanted atoms in nanometer‐sized structures. The results show that such features can now be mapped quantitatively when calibration samples are used, and suggest that, in the near future, planned upgrades to XRF facilities might achieve single‐atom sensitivity.
Decolonizing English language testing
Authors: Schissel Jamie L. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTesting practices and the construct of English both serve separately and interactionally to promote activities of modernity and coloniality. Tests categorize and rank learning and knowledge in discrete, static ways. The construct of the English language through standardization and other processes upholds linguistic purism ideologies. Such concerns in both areas lead to the guiding question: What and whose purposes are being served with testing in English? In engaging with this question, the author posits that decolonizing approaches to testing and the construct of English are needed. In this article, she presents assessment practices developed within Indigenous learning contexts that can inform general approaches to assessment and language with implications for English language testing. In doing so, the article offers actions toward imaginative and creative reconfigurations of English testing according to epistemologies of communities that have confronted colonialist activities.
Dynamic intramedullary crosspinning technique for the treatment of distal femoral metaphyseal fracture in a free‐ranging jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi)
Authors: Cassanego Guilherme Rech , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Alievi Marcelo Meller , Vaccarin Charline Vanessa , De Nardin Peixoto Gabriella 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAn approximately 3‐month‐old female free‐ranging jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) was admitted for evaluation of swelling near the right stifle and inability to use the right hindlimb. Radiographic examination revealed a closed, short oblique fracture of the right distal femoral metaphysis, and the bone cortex appeared thin. Because of the poor body condition, the surgical procedure was performed 6 days after admission. The fracture was stabilised using a dynamic intramedullary crosspinning technique. Two 1.5 mm diameter Kirschner (K) wires were introduced at an approximately 20° angle to the sagittal plane of the femur. Radiographic evaluation 3 months after surgery revealed an open distal physis, fracture healing in the remodelling phase and K‐wires engulfed by the bone, which made removal impossible. At the 6‐month follow‐up, a length discrepancy of 0.8 cm in the right femur compared to the left femur was noted. Despite this complication, the locomotion pattern was considered normal according to visual gait analysis.
Virtual reality aiding fire scene investigation: A thankless endeavor or catalyst for change?
Authors: Rinaldi Vincenzo , Ljungkvist Eva , Thomsen Benny , NicDaeid Niamh 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe training of a fire investigator should lay the foundations for a systematic, evidence‐based, and unbiased analysis of a fire scene. The ability of the investigators to determine the origin, cause and development of a fire is gained through education, experience based on on‐the‐job training and focused continuous professional development (CPD). Practitioners have met these requirements for several decades through formal examinations and specialized training. Additionally, several countries provide training in full‐scale (simulated) fire scenes for public and private sector fire investigators. These scenes may also be used for ongoing competency and proficiency testing. However, simulated fire scene setups are costly, limited to a single excavation event, and often short‐lived due to deterioration upon use and ease of contamination. The COVID‐19 pandemic highlighted the need, and provided the opportunity, for developing both virtual/hybrid training and competence testing, prompting the exploration of novel technologies in this area. A cross‐border multi‐agency partnership between academics, forensic practitioners, and forensic scientists explored the feasibility of leveraging digitalization techniques to support immersive virtual reality (VR). We outline the critical aspects and requirements beyond the challenges connected to technical feasibility, which the forensic science and judicial community demand so that technological development would be considered admissible within the justice system.This article is categorized under:
Crime Scene Investigation > Crime Scene Documentation and Visualization
Digital and Multimedia Science > Multimedia Forensics
Perspectives on the Significance of Borders in Europe: Past Challenges, Future Developments
Authors: Bakardjieva Engelbrekt Antonina , Ekman Per , Michalski Anna , Oxelheim Lars 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the first chapter, the authors review the evolution of borders throughout European history. The modern concept of borders as dividing lines is a fairly recent phenomenon and constitutes somewhat of a paradox in a historical perspective. It evolved as political orders started to use borders to demarcate the boundaries of their power. In that vein, the modern nation-state was premised on the control over a specific territory whose political system, wealth, and culture had to be defended against enemies, often to the detriment of peaceful inter-state relations in Europe. After World War II, European integration was pursued with the aim of forming a political union challenging the traditional notion of borders as the economic, political, and social boundaries between the EU member states were gradually removed. In the process, however, borders as demarcation lines towards countries not (yet) members of the Union rose in significance. Consequently, the EU has been in almost constant enlargement since its inception, increasing its membership from six to 28 and then 27, because of Brexit. The chapter concludes by presenting the varying perspectives of borders in contemporary Europe as they appear in the ensuing chapters of the book.
The EU’s Internal and External Borders in a World Torn by Conflict
Authors: Bakardjieva Engelbrekt Antonina , Ekman Per , Michalski Anna , Oxelheim Lars 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn the last chapter, the authors take stock of the challenges which are besetting the European Union’s (EU) internal and external borders from the perspective of contemporary events and crises, and evaluate them in the context of a changing international environment. They consider what can be learned from past experiences concerning the internal borders which in the last decades were lifted only to be reinstated again, and the hardening of the EU’s external borders in order to keep unwanted pressure from irregular immigration at bay while facing off hybrid security threats, terrorism and organized crime. The chapter analyzes the geopolitical shift from the perspective of the EU’s quest to protect internal policy progress, such as the greening of the economy, against political actors which challenge the principles of the rules-based international order. The chapter concludes by discussing the implications of the war in Ukraine on the European security architecture, and the prospect of a future enlargement to Ukraine, Moldova, and the candidate countries on the Balkan Peninsula.
EU Norm Promotion in a Conflictual World. An Existential Necessity with Obstacles?
Authors: Jonasson Ann-Kristin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe treaties of the European Union (EU) commit it to promote the norms and values upon which it is founded in relations with countries outside of its borders. At the same time, the EU is often criticised for not being the global ‘force for good’ that it likes to portray itself as, especially in regard to democracy. Instead, the EU is criticised for primarily promoting its own short-term interests, just like any other global actor. This chapter argues that such a failure to stand up for its value-based norms risks challenging not only the EU’s legitimacy, efficiency and influence globally, but ultimately also its survival. In this era of geopolitical conflict, when the democratic order is facing a frontal assault by authoritarian regimes globally, it is crucial that the EU stands by a norm-based world order. The EU needs to stand up for its values, and to protect its long-term interests, even if doing so may counteract interests short-term. Drawing on experiences of norm diffusion related to democracy and climate action, especially in relation to the EU’s Southern Neighbourhood, Jonasson discusses how this can be done, focusing on securing orientation towards, local ownership of, and genuine dialogue on, the norms involved.
The Ability of the EU to Extend Its Model of a Social Market Economy Beyond Its Borders
Authors: Hallström Pär 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe illusion of firm borders and the ability of the European Union (EU), by actions or by its example, to convey its ideology to external actors is the issue of this chapter. At a time when the EU is confronted with the extreme expression of imperialistic political power in the form of the Russian military aggression towards the EU’s associate partner, Ukraine, the EU ideology of rule of law, democracy and social market economy is simultaneously challenged by the new pluralism of international relations, where the nondemocratic countries increasingly outnumber those sharing the EU qualities. The influence that the EU still exercises is analysed from seven points of view, stretching from theories of international relations and comparative law to the legal constraints of selling in the common market, a source of inspiration for establishing common markets in other parts of the world, being the hub of an extensive array of EU international trade agreements and an active member of the WTO. Finally, an alternative architecture of international relations, where China has an important role, is examined.
Introduction
Authors: Del Favero Dennis , Thurow Susanne , Ostwald Michael J. , Frohne Ursula 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAs global warming accelerates, climate events such as extreme fires and floods are escalating in their unpredictability, intensity and frequency, taking lives, destroying communities and wreaking havoc on habitats. The scope, scale and uncertainty of these extreme events, and their impacts on human populations, are demolishing commonly held beliefs about safety, cultural norms and emergency protocols. Preparing for these threats at the community level, not simply mitigating and managing their impact, is an increasingly existential task. Without the ability to experientially preview and address these unforeseen vulnerabilities in situ, it is extremely challenging for researchers, frontline personnel and local communities to understand their likelihood, let alone engage with practices that minimise the devastation they entail to build the imaginative readiness required.
Intelligent Architectures for Extreme Event Visualisation
Authors: Song Yang , Pagnucco Maurice , Wu Frank , Asadipour Ali , Ostwald Michael J. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRealistic immersive visualisation can provide a valuable method for studying extreme events and enhancing our understanding of their complexity, underlying dynamics and human impacts. However, existing approaches are often limited by their lack of scalability and incapacity to adapt to diverse scenarios. In this chapter, we present a review of existing methodologies in intelligent visualisation of extreme events, focusing on physical modelling, learning-based simulation and graphic visualisation. We then suggest that various methodologies based on deep learning and, particularly, generative artificial intelligence (AI) can be incorporated into this domain to produce more effective outcomes. Using generative AI, extreme events can be simulated, combining past data with support for users to manipulate a range of environmental factors. This approach enables realistic simulation of diverse hypothetical scenarios. In parallel, generative AI methods can be developed for graphic visualisation components to enhance the efficiency of the system. The integration of generative AI with extreme event modelling presents an exciting opportunity for the research community to rapidly develop a deeper understanding of extreme events, as well as the corresponding preparedness, response and management strategies.
Finite modular axion and radiative moduli stabilization
Authors: Higaki Tetsutaro , Kawamura Junichiro , Kobayashi Tatsuo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We propose a simple setup which can stabilize a modulus field of the finite modular symmetry by the Coleman-Weinberg potential. Our scenario leads to a large hierarchy suppressing instanton-like corrections e2πiτ and to a light axion identified as Reτ, where τ is the modulus field. This stabilization mechanism provides the axion solution to the strong CP problem. The potential has a minimum at a large Imτ which suppresses explicit U(1)PQ violation terms proportional to e−2πImτ, and hence the quality of the axion is ensured by the residual symmetry associated with the T-transformation, τ → τ + 1, around the fixed point τ ∼ i∞.
Revisiting α′ corrections to heterotic two-charge black holes
Authors: Massai Stefano , Ruipérez Alejandro , Zatti Matteo 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
We find solutions of the heterotic string effective action describing the first-order α′ corrections to two-charge black holes at finite temperature. Making explicit use of these solutions, we compute the corrections to the thermodynamic quantities: temperature, chemical potentials, mass, charges and entropy. We check that the first law of black hole mechanics is satisfied and that the thermodynamics agrees with the one extracted from the Euclidean on-shell action. Finally, we show that our results are in agreement with the corrections for the thermodynamics recently predicted by Chen, Maldacena and Witten.
Deep Neural Networks Based Denoising of Regional Seismic Waveforms and Impact on Analysis of North Korean Nuclear Tests
Authors: Steinberg Andreas , Gaebler Peter , Hartmann Gernot , Lehr Johanna , Pilger Christoph 
Published: May 2024

AbstractWe test a deep learning based denoising autoencoder algorithm on regional and teleseismic seismological and hydroacoustic datasets, which we compile from the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation. We focus on stations which can be relevant to investigate North Korean nuclear tests. Denoising of waveform records using autoencoder techniques potentially enables improved signal detection and processing due to lowered signal-to-noise ratios. We train and compare the performance of several different denoising autoencoder models, for short- and long waveform periods, trained on the complete station network as well as on individual stations. We investigate if the denoised waveform signals are useful for seismic source analysis and if they can still be reliably used in downstream analysis for further inferences on the seismic source type, i.e. seismic moment tensor analysis. The declared North Korean nuclear tests are a suitable benchmark test set, as they have extensively been researched and their source type and location might be assumed known. Verification of the source type is of particular interest for potential nuclear tests under international law. We find that care needs to be taken using the denoised waveform data, as a slight bias is introduced in the seismic moment tensor analysis. However we also find promising results hinting at possible future use of the technique for standard analyses, as it improves the investigation of smaller events. Autoencoder based denoising techniques could be employed in future routine frameworks to increase earthquake catalog completeness and possibly aid in detecting smaller potential treaty relevant events.
Temporal dynamics of ocular torsion and vertical vergence during visual, vestibular, and visuovestibular rotations
Authors: Wibble Tobias 
Published: May 2024

AbstractOcular torsion and vertical divergence reflect the brain’s sensorimotor integration of motion through the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the optokinetic reflex (OKR) to roll rotations. Torsion and vergence however express different response patterns depending on several motion variables, but research on their temporal dynamics remains limited. This study investigated the onset times of ocular torsion (OT) and vertical vergence (VV) during visual, vestibular, and visuovestibular motion, as well as their relative decay rates following prolonged optokinetic stimulations. Temporal characteristics were retrieved from three separate investigations where the level of visual clutter and acceleration were controlled. Video eye-tracking was used to retrieve the eye-movement parameters from a total of 41 healthy participants across all trials. Ocular torsion consistently initiated earlier than vertical vergence, particularly evident under intensified visual information density, and higher clutter levels were associated with more balanced decay rates. Additionally, stimulation modality and accelerations affected the onsets of both eye movements, with visuovestibular motion triggering earlier responses compared to vestibular motion, and increased accelerations leading to earlier onsets for both movements. The present study showed that joint visuovestibular responses produced more rapid onsets, indicating a synergetic sensorimotor process. It also showed that visual content acted as a fusional force during the decay period, and imposed greater influence over the torsional onset compared to vergence. Acceleration, by contrast, did not affect the temporal relationship between the two eye movements. Altogether, these findings provide insights into the sensorimotor integration of the vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reflex arcs.
Comparison of discovery rates and prognostic utility of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and circulating tumor DNA in prostate cancer—a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kluge Kilian , Einspieler Holger , Haberl David , Spielvogel Clemens , Amereller Dominik , Egger Gerda , Kramer Gero , Grubmüller Bernhard , Shariat Shahrokh , Hacker Marcus , Kenner Lukas , Haug Alexander 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
Circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand positron-emission tomography (PET) enable minimal-invasive prostate cancer (PCa) detection and survival prognostication. The present study aims to compare their tumor discovery abilities and prognostic values.

Methods
One hundred thirty men with confirmed PCa (70.5 ± 8.0 years) who underwent [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (184.8 ± 19.7 MBq) imaging and plasma sample collection (March 2019–August 2021) were included. Plasma-extracted cell-free DNA was subjected to whole-genome-based ctDNA analysis. PSMA-positive tumor lesions were delineated and their quantitative parameters extracted. ctDNA and PSMA PET/CT discovery rates were compared, and the prognostic value for overall survival (OS) was evaluated.

Results
PSMA PET discovery rates according to castration status and PSA ranges did differ significantly (P = 0.013, P < 0.001), while ctDNA discovery rates did not (P = 0.311, P = 0.123). ctDNA discovery rates differed between localized and metastatic disease (P = 0.013). Correlations between ctDNA concentrations and PSMA-positive tumor volume (PSMA-TV) were significant in all (r = 0.42, P < 0.001) and castration-resistant (r = 0.65, P < 0.001), however not in hormone-sensitive patients (r = 0.15, P = 0.249). PSMA-TV and ctDNA levels were associated with survival outcomes in the Logrank (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and multivariate Cox regression analysis (P = 0.0023, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that PSMA PET imaging outperforms ctDNA analysis in detecting prostate cancer across the whole spectrum of disease, while both modalities are independently highly prognostic for survival outcomes.

Graphical Abstract