bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space-Charge Effects on Transverse Emittance in the Extraction Region of the RIKEN 28-GHz ECRIS
Authors: Nagatomo T. , Kamakura K. , Morita Y. , Saquilayan G.Q. , Higurashi Y. , Ohnishi J. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To confirm the significance of space-charge effects (SCEs) on the emittance growth in the “extraction region” of the RIKEN 28-GHz electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source (ECRIS), we reconstructed the phase-space distribution of argon (Ar) beams traveling through high-intensity nitrogen (N) beams and reaching at the end of “extraction region”. Here, the “extraction region” is defined as the low-energy beam transport region between the ECRIS puller electrode and a magnetic analyzer. The transverse phase-space distribution (PSD) of the Ar beams, which were exposed to the SCEs due to the high-intensity N beams, was measured after magnetic analysis using the pepper-pot emittance meter (PPEM). Because we suppressed each Ar beam current below 50 µA, the expansion in the transverse phase-space distribution due to the SCEs after the magnetic analyzer could be sufficiently reduced. Sufficient angular resolution was achieved by improving the image analysis of PPEM measurements with the “optical flow method”. Therefore, we obtained a transverse PSD at the endpoint of the extraction region of the ECRIS using the three dimensional backtracking. The obtained rms emittance of the Ar10,11,13+ were found to increas as a function of the extraction current I
ext, while those of Ar16+ were found to be nearly constant. The reconstructed PSD at the end of the “extraction region” shows that the smaller the M/Q, in other words, the larger the charge state Q, the smaller both the positional and angular distribution for each I
ext. To reveal the space charge effect on the beam trajectory passing though the “extraction region”, further experimental measurements and analyses are underway, including detailed trajectory simulation.
Evaluation of H-/D- Density Using Langmuir Probe Measurement in a Cs Seeded Negative Ion Source
Authors: Rattanawongnara E. , Osakabe M. , Nakano H. , Tsumori K. , Nagaoka K. , Takeiri Y. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An electron reduction model is reintroduced for Langmuir probe plasma density profile measurement. The model is compared with conventional laser photo-detachment measurements and can predict negative ion density in the 2-3 x 1017m−3 range using correlation factors for hydrogen and deuterium cases. The calibration and correction procedure is demonstrated for application to ion sources.
Commissioning and first operation of East Japan Heavy Ion Center at Yamagata University
Authors: Souda Hikaru , Kanai Takayuki , Lee Sung Hyun , Miyasaka Yuya , Chai Hongbo , Ishizawa Miyu , Iwai Takeo , Sawamura Shun , Nagai Kyohei , Ouchi Fumihisa , Taguchi Takayuki , Sei Michitaro , Kanto Yohei , Sato Azusa , Katsumata Masashi , Sato Hiraku , Sato Shinya , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Nemoto Kenji 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A world smallest carbon ion radiotherapy facility, East Japan Heavy Ion Center, Yamagata University, started treatment operations in February 2021. The treatment system consists of an ECR ion source, an RFQ and IH-type drift tube linac, a 430 MeV/u synchrotron and a spot-scanning irradiation system. It has two treatment rooms, one is a fixed horizontal beam port and the other is a rotating gantry beam port with superconducting magnets. The ECR ion source is the Kei2-type permanent magnet 10 GHz ECR ion source with a maximum field of 0.8 T. All the improvements of the previous facilities are applied to the ion source, such as helium gas-assisted operation and changes in the shape of an anode electrode and an extraction electrode to reduce the discharge. Owing to these improvements, the ion source has been operated stably during the commissioning and clinical operation. The irradiation system of Yamagata University eliminated the plastic block range shifter to realize a compact gantry, and has 600 energy levels to control the beam range in step of 0.5 mm. In order to optimize the beam transport parameters quickly, automation tools for orbit correction were developed. Machine commissioning and clinical commissioning were carried out in parallel to allow treatment to begin earlier. First, the horizontal fixed beam port was commissioned by verifying the dose distribution of the treatment planning system. Then, the gantry beam port was commissioned by full beam distribution measurement for representing beam angle of 90 degree, and other angles were sequentially released after the compatibility measurement of beam position, beam size, and two-dimensional uniformity. In September 2022, we were able to accept all treatment sites. By August 2023, 1151 cancer patients had been treated. Further improvements to increase available gantry angle and to increase beam efficiency are ongoing.
Performance of laser ion source LION operated at Brookhaven National Laboratory
Authors: Takahashi K , Okamura M , Kanesue T , Ikeda S , Kondo K , Sekine M , Karino T 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
LION is a laser ion source that has been in operation at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to provide heavy ions for NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It is the first laser ion source to supply stable ion beams for a long-term operation for users at a large accelerator facility in the world. LION is located at the upstream end of the heavy ion accelerator complex at BNL and supplies singly charged ion beams of various ion species. LION has been in operation since 2014 and is planned to be upgraded in 2024. This paper summarizes the operational performance achieved by LION.
Study on ion current density of different species in laser produced plasma in a solenoid magnet
Authors: Kanesue T. , Ikeda S. , Okamura M. , Cannavo A. , Ceccio G. , Grove L. , Friedland A. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A solenoid magnetic field along the expanding laser-produced plasma is an essential technique of the laser ion source. The solenoid field can increase ion beam current at beam extraction point by a factor of 2 to over 100 by confining moving laser produced plasma in transverse direction. This technique is used everywhere from development lab to operational machine for user operation. However, the motion of ions in laser produced plasma is not fully understood. In this study, we experimentally investigated the motion of ions in a solenoid magnet (inner diameter 102 mm, coil length 1980 mm) for Al, Fe, and Ta targets. Using the following three conditions: full solenoid bore, a φ51 mm collimator on the solenoid axis, and a thin-wall φ51 mm tube at the bottom of the solenoid, we found that extracting ions at off-axis position (20∼30 mm from the solenoid axis in this study) can enhance ion intensity by a factor of three or more. We continue to investigate ion motion in a solenoid field to develop better laser ion source design.
Tracking of car body vibration performance of centralized power EMU
Authors: Han Yunfei , Qu Sheng , Yang Zhenhuan , Guo Tao , Gao Zhongkun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The centralized power EMU is a new type of passenger transport vehicle in the process of upgrading the transportation equipment of China’s ordinary speed railways. It can significantly improve the transportation efficiency and passenger comfort of ordinary-speed railways. Detailed research on its dynamic performance during service can guide the widespread use and maintenance of this type of EMU. This paper conducted long-term tracking tests on a centralized power EMU. It analyzes the dynamic performance and evolution rule of the centralized power EMU during long-term service from the perspectives of wheel wear and car body vibration. It compares the performance differences between the control and the trailer car. In the tracking experiment, it was found that the car body exhibits vertical low-frequency vibration. Many experimental studies have shown that the frequency at which the vehicle passes through a bridge that stretches across a distance of 32 meters on the bridge pier at 160 km/h is 1.3 Hz, which excites the nodding mode and causes significant vertical harmonic vibration of the car body.
Dynamic Characterization of Grease-Lubricated Ball Screws
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Zhou Weifeng , Cui Peijuan , Yang Linhui , Fan Yuanxun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
According to the lubrication characteristics of grease and lubrication mechanism, concerning the Hamrock-Dowson minimum film thickness formula, this paper analyses the trend and size of oil film thickness change of grease-lubricated ball screw sub under different aviation working conditions to identify the lubrication status. ABAQUS software is used to carry out dynamic simulation and the friction coefficient is selected according to the lubrication state and Stribeck curve to define the contact conditions to obtain the friction torque change curve and the fluctuation curve of axial velocity of the nut under different aerospace working conditions. Finally, a test bench is set up to test and calculate the friction torque of grease-lubricated ball screws to analyze the influence of different aviation working conditions on the dynamic characteristics of grease-lubricated ball screws and to investigate the reasons for the change of dynamic characteristics.
Lightweight design of hydraulic excavator forearm
Authors: Chang Qingqing , Cheng Guodong , Yang Zixuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Taking the forearm of the hydraulic excavator as the research object, the working condition of the forearm is analyzed, the mathematical model of the forearm component is established, and the boundary load of the forearm is calculated. Altair Inspire software is used to conduct a simulation analysis of the preliminary design of the forearm components. According to the simulation results, the structure of the forearm is topologically optimized, and the optimized structure is verified. The results show that under the premise of not affecting the mechanical properties, the optimized structure is reduced by 36.32%, the load capacity is increased, and the production cost is reduced.
Study on deformation-induced martensitic transformation behavior of 304 and 316 stainless steels
Authors: Wang Jun , Cao Xianhui , Chen Junjun , Zou Jincheng , Hu Yujing , Huang Rong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the deformation-induced martensitic transformation behavior of 304 and 316 stainless steels is studied. The results show that martensitic transformation occurs in both 304 stainless steel and 316 stainless steel. With the increase of the strain, the martensitic transformation of the stainless steel samples increases, but the 304 stainless steel increases more significantly. The external shape of stainless steel has a certain influence on martensitic transformation behavior, and the martensite content of bar-shaped stainless steel is lower than that of plate-shaped samples under the same strain. The study results can provide technical guidance for the selection of stainless steel materials in the power grid.
Curing curve prediction using genetic algorithm optimized back propagation neural network
Authors: Zhang Ruming , Guan Kunpeng , Wu Chenchen 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thermoset composites constructed with monolithic moulding can significantly reduce the number of parts and connectors, improve the reliability of the composite structure, and reduce production costs. For such composite components, the degree-of-cure (DoC) curve is normally considered to evaluate the curing process, so that the curing process-induced deformation and residual stress can meet the manufacturing requirements. In this paper, a method is proposed to predict the DoC curve based on the neural network. First, the DoC curves for AS4/3501-6 composite structures were obtained from ABAQUS and HETVAL subroutine, and the results were verified by published values. Next, the curves of temperature over time and DoC over time were generated to train the neural network. Finally, the back propagation (BP) neural network is optimized using the genetic algorithm (GA), and the DoC curve prediction model is created. The results demonstrate that, with a maximum error of 3.24%, the simulated curves essentially correspond with published values. Evaluation and validation analyses show that the prediction of the DoC curve using the GA-BP neural network yields high computational efficiency and accuracy.
Calculation model of bending deformation force of magnesium alloy integral panel
Authors: Wang Zhongtang , Liu Quan , Liang Haicheng , Li Yanjuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The mechanical characteristics of bending forming for magnesium alloy panel is analyzed, and mechanical model is established, stress and strain state is analyzed. A calculation model of the bending force of magnesium alloy panels is proposed firstly, which considers panel thickness, die width, and bending deformation coefficient of the panel. The theoretical calculation results of bending force for magnesium alloy panels are consistent with experimental results, in which the maximum relative error is 4.96%. The bending force is related to the curvature radius and forming temperature of the panel. As the reduction height increases, the curvature radius of the panel decreases, and the bending force increases. As the deformation temperature increases, the bending force decreases.
Trajectory optimization of B-splines interpolation based on dynamic error adjustment
Authors: Zhao Peng , Gao FeiYang , Guo Kai , Zhang EnYuan , Li Song 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a motion planning algorithm based on the five-fold B-spline curve for multi-axis motion control systems with non-smooth trajectories, acceleration, plus acceleration over the limit, etc. We construct a smooth transition model for the micro-line segment G3 of the continuous five-fold B-spline curve. A derivation of the corresponding theoretical equation is given. Using the transition model, we propose an optimization method for dynamic adjustment of motion trajectory errors based on the velocity forward planning constraints by smoothing the transition after the trajectory of the micro-line segment for the forward planning velocity. Finally, the design flow for the forward planning of the velocity is given. Finally, the above algorithm is used to perform simulation experiments for the optimization algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed optimization improves the accuracy of fitting motion trajectories under the constraints of acceleration and deceleration addition, which validates the proposed algorithm.
Multi-point thermometry tool and in-situ measurement of temperature fields
Authors: Cui Yunxian , Sha Zhongjin , Wang Lin , Cui Qi , Yin Jun-Wei 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
In-situ real-time measurement of instantaneous milling temperature distribution is a key issue to realize efficient machining. For the foregoing reasons, the milling model of Inconel 718 was established, and the cloud diagram of tool temperature distribution during milling was obtained. A multi-point temperature measurement tool for milling temperature with an integrated thin-film temperature sensor was designed. The real-time temperature distribution of the tool during milling was obtained from 27 sets of milling tests. The impact of each milling parameter on the milling temperature was analyzed by ANOVA.
Effect of stirring time on the quality of aluminum-steel lap joints of friction stir spot welding
Authors: Lai Chunming , Tan Hailin , Meng Shaoming , Mo Jinzhu , Nie Hui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
AA6061 aluminum alloy sheet and TRIP steel plate were welded by friction stir spot welding using a tungsten-based hard alloy stirring head, and the effect of stirring time on the formation and connection strength of spot welded lap joints was studied. The results showed that as the stirring time increased from 0 s to 7 s, all spot welded joints formed well, and the size of the hooks appearing in the stirring needle’s action area gradually increased. The connection strength of the joint gradually increases with the increase of stirring time. When the stirring time is 5 seconds, it reaches a maximum value. At this time, when the stirring time is increased, the joint strength decreases significantly. The strength of the joint is influenced by the size of the bending hook and the formation of intermetallic compounds.
Optimization method for clamping layout of refractory thin-wall parts based on IAGA-Elman
Authors: Li Bin , Peng Ke , Yang Chen-Hao , Zhang Xu-Hui 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Thin-walled parts made of refractory materials are widely used in the sintering field of lithium battery powder materials. To solve the problem of deformation and fracture caused by the low stiffness of refractory thin-wall parts, a sandwich-layout proxy optimization model based on the IAGA-Elman neural network and sub-optimization mechanism was proposed. Based on ABAQUS, finite element simulation models under different clamping layouts were obtained. The sample set required for neural network training was established, a sub-optimization mechanism with MSP+EI combination plus point criterion as the target task was constructed, and the IAGA algorithm was used to optimize the Elman neural network for optimal parameter seeking. The deep nonlinear mapping relationship between clamping layout parameters and clamping deformation is explored by proxy optimization model. The experimental results show that the proposed method can predict the clamping deformation of thin-walled parts with fewer simulations and higher fitting accuracy, and can provide a basis for the optimal design of the clamping layout of refractory thin-walled parts.
Simulation of cold-rolled 2024 Al alloy thick plate based on visco-plastic self-consistent model
Authors: Jiang Xiaojuan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
2024 Al has been used in various fields. However, most cold-rolled Al has poor strength and plasticity, so it needs a solution and aging treatment. The rolled reduction has an important influence on microstructure. For different rolled reductions, microstructure has different evolution rules even under the same solution and aging treatment. Therefore, different rolled reduction has a great influence on the subsequent treatment. In this paper, deform simulation analysis technique was used to study the changes of strain of 2024 Al alloy during rolling deformation, and visco-plastic self-consistent was used to study the texture evolution of 2024 Al alloy, which provided a new method for the study of deformation behavior and anisotropy during rolling.
Surface nano crystallization and nitriding on microstructure and properties of 304J1 stainless steel
Authors: Lian Zhen , Zhang Jiaying , Wang Yue , Liu Fengguo , Han Zhihao , Lou Changsheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
To improve the mechanical and antibacterial properties of 304J1 stainless steel, hybrid surface treatments, which include nitriding combined with shot peening operations, are used. Shot peening with different sizes of steel balls makes the material’s surface nanocrystalline, providing more diffusion channels for subsequent nitrogenating, and the nitriding efficiency is improved. Nitrogen cannot only improve the antibacterial property but also significantly enhance the strength of 304J1. The experimental results show that within a certain depth, the surface of 304J1 can be nanosized by shot peening for 20 min with a projectile diameter of 0.2 mm. The depth of the nitriding layer reaches 0.6 um, the surface hardness increases from 560 HV to 1100 HV, and the antibacterial property against Escherichia coli increases from 10% to 85%.
Microstructure and surface morphology change of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coating with gradient Cr and Si under high temperature and high pressure
Authors: Ni Xinhua , Liu Qiongxi , Du Zhihong 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A series of annealing treatments were designed to investigate the microstructure structure and surface morphology of hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coating with gradient Cr and Si (DCrSi) in different environments (argon & isostatic pressure) at different temperatures (400°C, 500°C, and 600°C). The pressure effect on the stability of DCrSi coatings was deduced from the analysis of the microstructure structure and surface morphology by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface roughness test, and Raman spectroscopy. The experiment results show that no apparent change to the layer structure can be found in the argon annealed and HIPped coatings. Similar to argon annealed coatings, with increasing HIPping temperature, the surface roughness of coatings increases, and the sp3 content of the coatings reduces. The relatively low roughness of the HIPped surfaces compared with the argon annealed ones could be attributed to the delayed transformation from sp3 carbon bonding to sp2 carbon bonding (i.e., graphitization) by high pressure. Compared with Si-free DCr coating, for Si-containing DCrSi coatings, Si bonded with C from broken C-H bonding and C-C bonding to form SiC quasi compound. Adding silicon into DLC can increase the density of the coatings.
Study on the phase transformation law of titanium micro alloyed non-oriented silicon steel
Authors: Liang Xiaosong , Huo Xiangdong , Wang Peng , Chen Songjun , Li Liejun 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
An experimental steel 50W600-Ti with 0.02C-0.09Ti (wt%) was designed based on 50W600. The CCT curves of the two experimental steels were determined using a thermal simulator, and the phase transformation laws of the two experimental steels under continuous cooling were investigated. The results show that the phase transformation temperature of 50W600 is between 926°C-1047°C, and the phase transformation temperature range decreases with the increase of cooling speed, while the phase transformation temperature of 50W600-Ti is between 838°C-1048°C, and the phase transformation temperature range varies less with the cooling speed; the matrix organization of the two experimental steels is ferrite, with a small amount of carburite at high cooling speed.
Dynamic compression intrinsic relationship of W-Ni-Fe-Mn alloys based on J-C modeling
Authors: Wang Ye , Deng Shouliang , Ma Yiheng , Zhao Hui , Gong Xun , Chen Haojie 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Dynamic compression tests were performed on the sample alloys by using a detached Hopkinson compression bar with a diameter of 14.5 mm caliber for the kinetic behavior of W-Ni-Fe alloy and W-Ni-Fe-Mn alloy materials in the erosion process. The true stress-true strain curves of the two sample alloys were fitted based on the JC eigenstructure model, and the eigenstructure relationships of the two alloys were finally obtained. The obtained constitutive equations were then used to dynamically compress the specimens by using LS-DYNA dynamics software, and the simulated true stress-strain curves of the two alloys at various strain rates agreed well with the experimentally obtained curves, allowing them to be used for simulation calculations under impact loading. When compared toW-Ni-Fe alloys, the dynamic mechanical characteristics of alloys with Mn addition are greatly improved.