bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The amount of periosteal apposition required to maintain bone strength during aging depends on adult bone morphology and tissue-modulus degradation rate
Authors: Jepsen Karl J , Andarawis-Puri Nelly 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
Although the continued periosteal apposition that accompanies age-related bone loss is a biomechanically critical target for prophylactic treatment of bone fragility, the magnitude of periosteal expansion required to maintain strength during aging has not been established. A new model for predicting periosteal apposition rate for men and women was developed to better understand the complex, nonlinear interactions that exist among bone morphology, tissue-modulus, and aging. Periosteal apposition rate varied up to eightfold across bone sizes, and this depended on the relationship between cortical area and total area, which varies with external size and among anatomical sites. Increasing tissue-modulus degradation rate from 0% to −4%/decade resulted in 65% to 145% increases in periosteal apposition rate beyond that expected for bone loss alone. Periosteal apposition rate had to increase as much as 350% over time to maintain stiffness for slender diaphyses, whereas robust bones required less than a 32% increase over time. Small changes in the amount of bone accrued during growth (ie, adult cortical area) affected periosteal apposition rate of slender bones to a much greater extent compared to robust bones. This outcome suggested that impaired bone growth places a heavy burden on the biological activity required to maintain stiffness with aging. Finally, sex-specific differences in periosteal apposition were attributable in part to differences in bone size between the two populations. The results indicated that a substantial proportion of the variation in periosteal expansion required to maintain bone strength during aging can be attributed to the natural variation in adult bone width. Efforts to identify factors contributing to variation in periosteal expansion will benefit from developing a better understanding of how to adjust clinical data to differentiate the biological responses attributable to size-effects from other genetic and environmental factors. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Oral alendronate use and risk of cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A nationwide study
Authors: Chiang Chia-Hung , Huang Chin-Chou , Chan Wan-Leong , Huang Po-Hsun , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chung Chia-Min , Lin Shing-Jong , Chen Jaw-Wen , Leu Hsin-Bang 
Published: April 2012

Abstract
The association between use of oral bisphosphonates and cancer development in elderly women is still uncertain, and previous studies have shown controversial results. We used a nationwide, population-based database to explore the relationship between the use of alendronate, an oral bisphosphonate agent used for the treatment of osteoporosis, and the risk of all malignancies in women with osteoporosis and age over 55 years. In the study group, we included 6906 women with osteoporosis (age, mean ± SD, 73.4 ± 8.4 years) taking oral alendronate, who were selected from a 1,000,000 sample cohort dataset collected between January 1998 and December 2009. Another 20,697 age- and comorbidity-matched women (73.5 ± 8.4 years) without bisphosphonates treatment were included in the control group. No subjects had any history of being diagnosed with cancer before inclusion. We used a log-rank test to analyze the differences in accumulated cancer-free survival rates between these two groups. A Cox proportional-hazard model, adjusted for confounding factors, was used to evaluate the association between alendronate use and the development of all cancer events in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. During the mean follow-up period of 4.8 years, 821 patients from the study group and 2646 patients from the control group had new cancers. There was no significant difference in cancer incidence between alendronate users and controls (11.9% versus 12.8%, p = 0.054). The person-year incidence of newly-developed cancer in alendronate users and controls was 28.0 and 29.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Alendronate use was not associated with increased risk of cancer development in women with osteoporosis (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–1.13; p = 0.237). However, due to the limited study size and underpowered results, further larger prospective studies or meta-analysis are suggested to further confirm our findings. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Repeatability of edited lactate and other metabolites in astrocytoma at 3T
Authors: McLean Mary A. , Sun Amy , Bradstreet Thomas E. , Schaeffer Andrea K. , Liu Haiying , Iannone Robert , Herman Gary , Railkar Radha A. , Joubert Ilse , Gillard Jonathan H. , Price Stephen J. , Griffiths John R. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractPurpose:To assess the repeatability of measurement of lactate and other metabolites in tumors using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Materials and Methods:MRS with spectral editing for lactate was performed on 10 patients with astrocytoma (two Grade III, eight Grade IV) using an 8‐channel receive coil at 3T. Lactate, lipid, choline, creatine, and N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) signals were measured in regions of tumor and contralateral white matter. Metabolites were quantified relative to unsuppressed water using LCModel fitting software.Results:The within‐patient coefficients of variation were ≈16% (tumor lactate), 6%–8% (tumor choline and contralateral choline, creatine, and NAA), and 22% (tumor lipid). As expected due to their low concentration in normal tissue, lactate and lipid were not reliably detected in white matter but were found at high levels in most tumors. NAA and creatine were lower in tumors than in normal white matter, and choline varied between above‐ and below‐normal values. No consistent short‐term variation in metabolite levels was observed, despite differences in the time elapsed since administration of contrast agent.Conclusion:MRS appears repeatable enough to provide longitudinal measures of metabolite content in tumors and contralateral tissue in the brain in vivo. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:468–475. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor size predicts survival in mucinous gastric carcinoma
Authors: Sung Chang Ohk , Lee Sun Mi , Choi Jong Sun , Kim Kyoung‐Mee , Choi Min‐Gew , Noh Jae Hyung , Sohn Tae Sung , Bae Jae Moon , Kim Woo Ho , Park Cheol‐Keun , Kim Sung 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBackgroundMucinous gastric carcinoma (MGC) is a distinct histologic subtype of gastric cancer. However, the prognostic significances of the current TNM staging system and histology in MGC have not been studied.Methods206 patients who underwent R0 resection for MGC were classified by tumor size (<3 cm as T1; ≥3–5 cm as T2; ≥5–9 cm as T3; and ≥9 cm as T4). Immunohistochemistry for EGFR and HER2 was also performed.ResultsTumor sizes ranged from 1.2 to 21.0 cm (median 6.2 cm). Large tumor size (≥5 cm) was significantly associated with older patient age, deeper invasion depth, and more frequent lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). Tumor size was a significant prognostic factor in both univariate (P < 0.001) and multivariate (P < 0.04) analyses. However, depth of invasion was not significant in multivariate analyses. A modified staging system based on tumor size predicted survival more accurately than did the conventional TNM staging system. We verified our results in an independent validation cohort of 123 MGC patients. Overexpression of either EGFR or HER2 was rare.ConclusionsIn MGCs, tumor size is an independent prognostic factor and a modified TNM system based on tumor size predicted survival accurately. J. Surg. Oncol. 2012; 106:757–764. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accuracy of pharmacy and coded‐diagnosis information in identifying tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fiske Christina T. , Griffin Marie R. , Mitchel Ed , Sterling Timothy R. , Grijalva Carlos G. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTPurposePrevious studies suggest that disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) increase tuberculosis (TB) risk. The accuracy of pharmacy and coded‐diagnosis information to identify persons with TB is unclear.MethodsWithin a cohort of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (2000–2005) enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid, we identified those with potential TB using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD9‐CM) diagnosis codes and/or pharmacy claims. Using the Tennessee TB registry as the gold standard for identification of TB, we estimated the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the respective 95% confidence intervals for each TB case‐ascertainment strategy.ResultsTen of 18 094 RA patients had confirmed TB during 61 461 person‐years of follow‐up (16.3 per 100 000 person‐years). The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) and respective 95% confidence intervals were low for confirmed TB based on ICD9‐CM codes alone (60.0% (26.2–87.8) and 1.3% (0.5–2.9)), pharmacy data alone (20% (2.5–55.6) and 4.1% (0.5–14.3)), and both (20% (2.5–55.6) and 25.0% (3.2–65.1)).ConclusionsAlgorithms that use administrative data alone to identify TB have a poor PPV that results in a high false positive rate of TB detection. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of ovarian cancer‐associated proteins in symptomatic women: A novel method for semi‐quantitative plasma proteomics
Authors: Shield‐Artin Kristy L. , Bailey Mark J. , Oliva Karen , Liovic Ana K. , Barker Gillian , Dellios Nicole L. , Reisman Simone , Ayhan Mustafa , Rice Gregory E. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeTo evaluate the utility of an enhanced biomarker discovery approach in order to identify potential biomarkers relevant to ovarian cancer detection.Experimental designWe combined immuno‐depletion, liquid‐phase IEF, 1D‐DIGE, MALDI‐TOF/MS and LC‐MS/MS to identify differentially expressed proteins in the plasma of symptomatic ovarian cancer patients, stratified by stage, compared to samples obtained from normal subjects.ResultsWe demonstrate that this approach is a practical alternative to traditional 2D gel techniques and that it has some advantages, most notably increased protein capacity. Proteins were identified in all 76 bands excised from the gels in this project and confirmed the cancer‐associated expression of several well‐established biomarkers of ovarian cancer. These included C‐reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, alpha‐2 macroglobulin and A1A2. We also identified new ovarian cancer candidate biomarkers, Protein S100‐A9 (S100A9) and multimerin‐2. The cancer‐associated differential expression of CRP and S100A9 was further confirmed by Western blot and ELISA.ConclusionsThe methods developed in this study allow for the increased loading of plasma proteins into the analytical stream when compared to traditional 2D‐DIGE. This increased protein identification sensitivity allowed us to identify new putative ovarian cancer biomarkers.
Analysis of a membrane‐enriched proteome from postmortem human brain tissue in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Donovan Laura E. , Higginbotham Lenora , Dammer Eric B. , Gearing Marla , Rees Howard D. , Xia Qiangwei , Duong Duc M. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Lah James J. , Levey Allan I. 
Published: April 2012

PurposeThe present study is a discovery mode proteomics analysis of the membrane‐enriched fraction of postmortem brain tissue from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and control cases. This study aims to validate a method to identify new proteins that could be involved in the pathogenesis of AD and potentially serve as disease biomarkers.Experimental designLiquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) was used to analyze the membrane‐enriched fraction of human postmortem brain tissue from five AD and five control cases of similar age. Biochemical validation of specific targets was performed by immunoblotting.ResultsOne thousand seven hundred and nine proteins were identified from the membrane‐enriched fraction of frontal cortex. Label‐free quantification by spectral counting and G‐test analysis identified 13 proteins that were significantly changed in disease. In addition to Tau (MAPT), two additional proteins found to be enriched in AD, ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolase 1 (UCHL1), and syntaxin‐binding protein 1 (Munc‐18), were validated through immunoblotting.Discussion and clinical relevanceProteomic analysis of the membrane‐enriched fraction of postmortem brain tissue identifies proteins biochemically altered in AD. Further analysis of this subproteome may help elucidate mechanisms behind AD pathogenesis and provide new sources of biomarkers.
Candidate biomarker verification: Critical examination of a serum protein pattern for human colorectal cancer
Authors: Albrethsen Jakob , Rikke Bøgebo  , Møller Christian H. , Olsen Jesper A. , Raskov Hans H. , Gammeltoft Steen 
Published: April 2012

PurposeWe critically examine a candidate serum protein pattern for human colorectal cancer (CRC) with respect to reproducibility, sample handling, and disease specificity.Experimental designSerum samples from CRC patients, patients with benign colon tumors and healthy individuals, were obtained at two collection sites and analyzed by SELDI‐TOF MS on 8 days, over a period of 5 weeks. The spectra were subjected to multivariate analysis. Tissues from normal colon and CRC were analyzed by SELDI‐TOF MS. Selected mass peaks were identified.ResultsUsing an elaborate experimental design we developed a multivariate classifier that correctly classified CRC and control serum measured on an independent day. The classifier did not discriminate between samples from CRC patients and patients with benign colon tumors, and, secondly, did not correctly classify serum from an independent collection site. All discriminatory mass peaks were identified as high abundant plasma proteins. Tissue profiling provided support of increased proteolytic activity in CRC tissue.Conclusion and clinical relevanceCritical verification did not justify advancing the identified CRC serum protein pattern into clinical validation without improvement. We believe that proteomics biomarker research could benefit if the presented, or a similar, verification scheme was more commonly employed in explorative biomarker studies.
Effective mechanical properties of concentric cylindrical composites with auxetic phase
Authors: Strek Tomasz , Jopek Hubert 
Published: April 2012

AbstractMaterials with unusual mechanical properties can be potentially used as matrices to create high‐performance lightweight composites. The appearance of materials with negative Poisson's ratio (auxetics), has led to the evaluation of auxetic composites for possible engineering applications. Because the experimental evaluation of composites with specific properties is expensive and time consuming, computational modelling and simulation provide efficient alternatives to predict the parameters of the composites. In this paper a finite element method was used to find the engineering constants (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) of auxetic composites consisting of concentric cylindrical inclusions made of combinations of auxetic and classic (non‐auxetic) materials. It has been observed that not only the mechanical properties of the different composite phases influence the effective mechanical properties of the whole composite, but also the location of the same material phases do matter.
Extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis Reduced Body Weight and Blood Triglyceride in db/db Mice
Authors: Song Kwang Hoon , Lee Sun Hwa , Kim Bu‐Yeo , Park Ah Yeon , Kim Jong Yeol 
Published: April 2012

Scutellaria baicalensis has been extensively employed for the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, dysentery, inflammatory diseases, and the common cold. The present study was performed to investigate the anti‐obesity and anti‐dyslipidemia effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extracts (SBE) in type 2 diabetic db/db mice.Male db/db mice were divided into three groups (n = 5) and orally administrated vehicle (control), SBE 10, and 100 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks everyday. Administration of SBE improves weight gain, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia in db/db mice. In obese db/db mice, SBE treatment also reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. In the livers of db/db mice, SBE promoted 5' AMP‐activated protein kinase activity and restored metabolic process and insulin signaling pathways. Our data demonstrate that SBE exerts potent anti‐obesity and anti‐hypertriglyceride effects suggesting its useful potential function as adjuvant therapeutic agent for the treatment of weight gain and hypertriglyceridemia. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DEVELOPMENT OF A STOCHASTIC WATER TEMPERATURE MODEL AND PROJECTION OF FUTURE WATER TEMPERATURE AND EXTREME EVENTS IN THE OUELLE RIVER BASIN IN QUÉBEC, CANADA
Authors: Jeong D. I. , Daigle A. , St‐Hilaire A. 
Published: April 2012

ABSTRACTA stochastic model is proposed to reproduce daily water temperature at 18 observation sites (11 main stem and 7 tributary sites) in the Ouelle River basin located in southern Quebec, Canada, using meteorological variables as predictors. A random sampling procedure without replacement was adopted for the model calibration and validation to overcome the limited length of the observed water temperature series. The predicted water temperature series were then submitted to variance inflation to reproduce the observed variability of the water temperature series. Historical water temperature series were obtained from observed meteorological predictors, whereas reference and future water temperature series were obtained from stochastic water temperature model using five reference (1970–1999) and future (2046–2065) meteorological predictors simulated by five different climate model runs. The reference series reproduced summer mean water temperature and the number of consecutive days with water temperature higher than 21 °C or 25 °C fairly well. On the basis of the historical series, it can be assumed that the seven tributaries of the Ouelle River provided thermal refugia for native salmon between 1970 and 1999. Future water temperature series projected by the stochastic model show that the seven tributaries could still be used as refugia to prevent lethal stress, whereas the temperature in the main stem and in three tributaries will be high enough to constitute stressful conditions for feeding juvenile Atlantic salmon. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of wx corn starch dispersions in a microwave reactor and their hydrodynamic properties determined using asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation
Authors: Juna Shazia , Damm Markus , Kappe C. Oliver , Huber Anton 
Published: April 2012

AbstractHydrodynamic properties of aqueous wx corn starch (native, un‐pregelatinised) dispersions treated in a dedicated single‐mode microwave reactor at temperatures ranging from 180 to 210°C were determined using asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation coupled with an RI detector. The dedicated microwave reactor enabled the fine control and monitoring of heating parameters (especially temperature) during the treatment. The translational diffusion co‐efficient and hydrodynamic radii (Rh) values determined for wx corn starch treated at 180 and 200°C indicate that the majority of the material (∼98%) consisted of highly mobile, small and compact molecules/particles, with Rh values ranging from 10 to 90 nm, while the remaining ∼2% of the material consisted of considerably larger molecules/particles Rh values ranging from ∼100 to ∼200 nm). Degradation of wx corn starch was observed at 210°C.
Distribution and derivation of white‐winged dove harvests in Texas
Authors: Collier Bret A. , Skow Kevin L. , Kremer Shelly R. , Mason Corey D. , Snelgrove Robert T. , Calhoun Kirby W. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractBand recoveries provide requisite data for evaluating the spatial distribution of harvest relative to the distribution of breeding stocks for a wide variety of migratory species. We used direct and indirect band‐recovery data to evaluate the distribution and derivation of harvest of white‐winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) banded before hunting season in 3 distinct strata in Texas, USA, during 2007–2010. We banded 60,742 white‐winged doves during 2007–2010, and based on 2,458 harvest recoveries, the majority (>95%) of white‐winged dove harvest occurred during the first 2 months of the hunting season (Sep–Oct). Juvenile white‐winged doves represented a greater percentage of the direct recoveries than adults across all strata (north = 80%, central = 69%, south = 82%) and the majority of direct band recoveries (north = 75%, central = 90%, south = 78%) occurred within the original banding strata. Age‐specific weighting factors and harvest derivation indicated that both juvenile and adult harvest were highest within the strata of original banding. Harvest distribution data corrected for band‐reporting rates indicated high fidelity of white‐winged doves to specific geographic strata, with little interplay between strata. Our results suggest that population vital‐rate estimates for survival and harvest for use in future Adaptive Harvest Management should focus on stock‐specific levels. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Environmental determinants of food‐chain length: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Takimoto Gaku , Post David M. 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFood‐chain length is an important character of ecological communities that affects many of their functional aspects. Recently, an increasing number of studies have tested the effects of productivity, disturbance, or ecosystem size on food‐chain length in a variety of natural systems. Here we conduct a formal meta‐analysis to summarize findings from these empirical studies. We found significant positive mean effects of productivity and ecosystem size but no significant mean effect of disturbance on food‐chain length. The strength of mean effect sizes was not significantly different between productivity and ecosystem size. These results lend general support to previous theories predicting the effect of productivity and ecosystem size, but fail to support the prediction that disturbance shortens food chains. In addition, our meta‐analysis found that the effect sizes of primary studies were significantly heterogeneous for ecosystem size and disturbance, but not for productivity. This pattern might reflect that ecosystem size and disturbance can affect food‐chain length through multiple different mechanisms, while productivity influences food‐chain length in a simple manner through energy limitation.
Rhombomys opimus contribution to the “fertile island” effect of tamarisk mounds in Junggar Basin
Authors: Xu Wenxuan , Liu Wei , Yang Weikang , Tang Chaowen , Blank David 
Published: April 2012

AbstractFertile islands are created and maintained by a combination of physical and biologically mediated processes. Plants have been shown to be very important in the formation of fertile islands, and recent research indicates that the activities of burrowing animals have a significant influence on the physiochemical properties of soil that can promote the development of fertile islands. In this paper, we chose tamarisk (Tamarix spp.)—a constructive species that grows in the oasis‐desert ecotone, and the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus)—a widely distributed rodent in Central Asia to study the influence of great gerbils on soil nutrient dynamics in tamarisk mounds. Results indicate that fertile islands exist in tamarisk mounds without burrows of the great gerbil. However, the great gerbil's burrowing activities promote the fertile island effect in tamarisk mounds: soil nutrients under shrubs with great gerbil activity were significantly higher than inter‐mound areas in both surface soil and deep soil from 15 to 50 cm. Available nitrogen in mounds with rodent burrows was over twice as high as in tamarisk mounds without burrows at the same depth. The great gerbil's burrowing activities promote the concentration of soil nutrients in the tamarisk mounds.