bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early arrival of spring‐spawning Atlantic herring Clupea harengus at their spawning ground in the Kiel Fjord, western Baltic, relates to increasing winter seawater temperature
Authors: Ory Nicolas C. , Gröger Joachim P. , Lehmann Andreas , Mittermayer Felix , Neuheimer Anna B. , Clemmesen Catriona 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe disturbance of marine organism phenology due to climate change and the subsequent effects on recruitment success are still poorly understood, especially in migratory fish species, such as the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus; Clupeidae). Here we used the commercial catch data from a local fisher over a 50‐year period (1971–2020) to estimate western Baltic spring‐spawning (WBSS) herring mean arrival time Q50 (i.e., the week when 50% of the total fish catches had been made) at their spawning ground within the Kiel Fjord, southwest Baltic Sea, and the duration of the spawning season for each year. The relationship between the seawater temperature in the Kiel Bight and other environmental parameters (such as water salinity, North Atlantic and Atlantic multidecadal oscillations) and Q50 was evaluated using a general linear model to test the hypothesis that fish arrived earlier after warm than cold winters. We also estimated the accumulated thermal time to Q50 during gonadal development to estimate the effects of seawater temperature on the variations of Q50. The results of this study revealed a dramatic decrease in herring catches within the Kiel Fjord since the mid‐1990s, as documented for the whole southwestern Baltic Sea. Warmer winter seawater temperature was the only factor related to an earlier arrival (1 week for one January seawater temperature degree increase) of herring at their spawning ground. The relationship was found for the first time on week 52 of the year prior to spawning and was the strongest (50% of the variability explained) from the fourth week of January (8 weeks before the mean Q50 among the studied years). A thermal constant to Q50 (~316°C day) was found when temperatures were integrated from the 49th week of the year prior to spawning. These results indicate that seawater temperature enhanced the speed of gonadal maturation during the latest phases of gametogenesis, leading to an early fish arrival under warm conditions. The duration of the spawning season was elongated during warmer years, therefore potentially mitigating the effects of trophic mismatch when fish spawn early. The results of this study highlight the altering effects of climate change on the spawning activity of a migratory fish species in the Baltic Sea where fast global changes presage that in other coastal areas worldwide.
Effect of various surface treatment methods on shear bond strength between acrylic denture teeth and thermoplastic nylon denture base
Authors: Nasution Hubban , Köseoğlu Merve , Sukotjo Cortino 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of mechanical, chemical, and mechanical‐chemical surface treatment methods on shear bond strength between acrylic denture teeth and thermoplastic nylon denture base.Materials and MethodsMaxillary central incisor teeth were treated with five different surface treatment methods: mechanical (sandblasting, T‐shape diatoric holes), chemical (5% acetic acid solution, bonding agent), and mechanical‐chemical (sandblasting + bonding agent) were embedded in thermoplastic nylon denture base (n = 10). A universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm per minute was used to test the shear bond strength. Data obtained were statistically evaluated using one‐way ANOVA and followed with Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05)ResultsT‐shaped diatoric holes exhibited significantly higher shear bond strength among the surface treatment groups, followed by sandblasting + bonding agent, sandblasting, bonding agent, and the acetic acid group (p < 0.001)ConclusionT‐shaped diatoric holes as a mechanical surface treatment showed higher shear bond strength than other methods.
Unrefreshing naps and sleep architecture during the multiple sleep latency test in idiopathic hypersomnia
Authors: Mombelli Samantha , Deshaies‐Rugama Anne‐Sophie , Blais Hélène , Sekerovic Zoran , Thompson Cynthia , Desautels Alex , Montplaisir Jacques , Nigam Milan , Moderie Christophe , Carrier Julie , Gosselin Nadia 
Published: June 2024

SummaryPatients with idiopathic hypersomnia frequently report having unrefreshing naps. However, whether they have abnormal sleep architecture during naps that may explain their unrefreshing aspect is unknown. We compared sleep architecture during short daytime naps in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia reporting unrefreshing and refreshing naps. One‐hundred and thirty‐four patients tested with one‐night polysomnography, followed by an adapted version of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test with four naps, were included. They were asked about the refreshing aspect of their habitual naps during a clinical interview. They were classified as having objective (Multiple Sleep Latency Test ≤ 8 min) or subjective idiopathic hypersomnia (Multiple Sleep Latency Test > 8 min), and as presenting refreshing or unrefreshing naps. We tested Group differences (refreshing versus unrefreshing naps) on nap sleep architecture in the whole sample and for subjective and objective idiopathic hypersomnia subgroups separately using ANCOVAs. No Group effects were observed in the Multiple Sleep Latency Test architecture in the whole sample and in objective and subjective idiopathic hypersomnia subgroups. This study provides preliminary evidence that reporting unrefreshing naps is not associated with clinically significant findings in Multiple Sleep Latency Test sleep architecture in patients with idiopathic hypersomnia. Given that naps taken by patients with idiopathic hypersomnia are typically long, future studies should investigate longer daytime sleep episodes.
The RELAX randomized controlled trial: Stretching versus meditation for nocturnal muscle cramps
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Trivedi Hirsh , Simonetto Douglas A. , Patwardhan Vilas , Ospina Erin , Martinez Beanna , Chen Xi , Walker Susan , Nikirk Samantha 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMuscle cramps are common among persons with cirrhosis and are associated with poor health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Treatment options are limited. We compared stretching or meditation in a randomized‐controlled trial (RCT).PatientsWe enrolled 98 patients with a history of >4 muscle cramps in the prior month from 7/22–7/23. We randomized patients 1:1 to stretching versus meditation for 35 days. Our primary outcome was the change in cramp severity measured by the visual analogue scale for cramps (VAS‐cramps, scaled 0–10). Secondary outcomes included a patient global impression of change (PGIC), change in sleep quality and global HRQOL measured using the EQ‐5D and VAS‐global HRQOL.ResultsOverall, 48% of patients had cirrhosis, 40% had diabetes, 16% the median age was 63, most were women (67%) and 81% were college educated. Both arms experienced a reduction in cramp severity—a median of 1.44 (.58–2.29) points for stretching and 1.97 (1.01–2.93) points for meditation. These changes were significant changes from baseline (p = .001 for stretching, p < .0001 for meditation) but these changes were equivalent between arms (p = .4). The PGIC was improved: 1.33 (1.02–1.65) for stretching, 1.05 (.70–1.41) for meditation, p‐difference .2. Sleep was also improved for both. HRQOL did not change according to the Eq5D; according to the VAS, HRQOL rose for meditation by 6 (.1–11.8) points but not for stretching. More patients recommended stretching than meditation (79.2% vs. 55.3%, p = .02).ConclusionIn a randomized trial, stretching and meditation both reduced cramp severity and improved sleep quality and global impression of change. While patients preferred stretching, there was no difference in effect between arms.
Evaluation of thickness of 3D printed versus thermoformed aligners: A prospective in vivo ageing experiment
Authors: Sayahpour Babak , Eslami Sara , Stuhlfelder Jakob , Bühling Sarah , Dahmer Iulia , Goteni Malcolm , Kopp Stefan , Nucci Ludovica 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo compare and investigate the effects of intraoral ageing on the thickness of one group of directly printed and two groups of thermoformed aligners on the labial surface of maxillary central incisors.Materials and MethodsSix groups (12 samples per group) were included in this prospective in vivo experiment. Groups DP‐Clin, INV‐Clin and CA‐Clin consisted of directly printed (Tera Harz TC‐85 DAC resin), thermoformed (Invisalign, PU based polymer) and in house thermoformed (CA‐Pro, PET‐G based polymer) aligners, retrieved after 1 week of intraoral service. Groups DP‐Ctr, INV‐Ctr and CA‐Ctr included unused aligners samples. Thickness measurements were conducted using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data that underwent log‐10 transformation was analysed by multiple linear regression analysis (p < .05).ResultsStatistically significant differences were found between the materials in both Clin and Ctr categories (p < .001). Group DP had the highest thickness among the groups and the least thickness was observed in the CA group (p < .001). However, intraoral ageing did not significantly affect the aligner thickness of any groups.ConclusionsBoth thermoforming and direct printing of clear aligners led to thickness deviations in terms of increase for printed aligners and decrease for thermoformed aligners. Intraoral ageing did not affect the aligner thickness in any of the groups.
How to make up your mind
Authors: Ziff Joost 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper develops an account of committed beliefs: beliefs we commit to through reflection and conscious reasoning. To help make sense of committed beliefs, I present a new view of conscious reasoning, one of putting yourself in a position to become phenomenally consciously aware of evidence. By doing this for different pieces of evidence, you begin to make your up mind, making conscious reasoning, as such, a voluntary activity with an involuntary conclusion. The paper then explains how we use conscious reasoning in reflection not just to form and change committed beliefs, but to become aware of existing ones. The paper concludes with an explanation of how the limitations of conscious reasoning require us to maintain committed beliefs in a system. It is our maintenance of this system that allows us to knit together individual episodes of conscious reasoning into one enduring performance as a committed systematic believer.
Genetically differentiated populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata species complex points to host specialization in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Fernando Montezano , Azevedo Daiana Maria Queiroz , da Silva Guimarães Lúcio Mauro , Oliveira Leonardo Sarno Soares , Alfenas Rafael Ferreira , Júnior Jaime Honorato , Alfenas Acelino Couto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCeratocystis fimbriata is an important pathogen with a wide host range that causes xylem lesions, wilt and death in different plant species. More adapted populations of C. fimbriata have probably been selected to specific hosts and high genetic and physiological variability can be found within the pathogen populations. Thus, molecular analysis and inoculation studies were performed to investigate the genetic and physiological variability of isolates of C. fimbriata complex obtained from different host species and geographic regions in Brazil. The minimum spanning tree analysis based on 14 simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers of C. fimbriata exhibited a clear clustering of isolates according to host, where each groups of isolates differed in at least five loci. In addition, inoculation of eight hosts with 10 isolates revealed a wide variation in aggressiveness. By assessing the length of xylem lesions caused by C. fimbriata isolates, Ficus carica was found to be the most susceptible host, followed by Mangifera indica. Only the isolates from Theobroma cacao and Carapa guianensis proved to be host specialized. Overall, the isolates tested were more aggressive to the hosts from which they were sampled.
Multistage temporal transcriptomic atlas unveils major contributor to reproductive phase in upland cotton
Authors: Nazir Mian Faisal , Wang Jingjing , Chen Baojun , Umer Muhammad Jawad , He Shoupu , Pan Zhaoe , Hu Daowu , Song Meizhen , Du Xiongming 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFlowering is a major developmental transition in plants, but asynchronous flowering hinders the utilization of wild cotton relatives in breeding programs. We performed comparative transcriptomic profiling of early‐ and late‐flowering Gossypium hirsutum genotypes to elucidate genetic factors influencing reproductive timing. Shoot apices were sampled from the photoperiod‐sensitive landrace G. hirsutum purpurascens (GhP) and early‐maturing variety ZhongMianSuo (ZMS) at five time points following the emergence of sympodial nodes. RNA‐sequencing revealed extensive transcriptional differences during floral transition. Numerous flowering‐associated genes exhibited genotype‐specific expression, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs upregulated in ZMS. FT‐interacting factors like SOC1 and CO‐like also showed higher expression in ZMS, implicating florigen pathways in early flowering. Additionally, circadian clock and light signalling components were misregulated between varieties, suggesting altered photoperiod responses in GhP. Weighted co‐expression network analysis specifically linked a module enriched for circadian‐related genes to GhP's late flowering. Through an integrated transcriptome analysis, we defined a regulatory landscape of reproductive phase change in cotton. Differentially expressed genes related to photoperiod, circadian clock, and light signalling likely contribute to delayed flowering in wild cottons. Characterization of upstream flowering regulators will enable modifying photoperiod sensitivity and expand germplasm use for cotton improvement. This study provides candidate targets for elucidating interactive mechanisms that control cotton flowering time across diverse genotypes.
Modulation of physio‐biochemical and photosynthesis parameters by overexpressing SbPIP2 gene improved abiotic stress tolerance of transgenic tobacco
Authors: Patel Jaykumar , Khatri Kusum , Khandwal Deepesh , Gupta Nirmala Kumari , Choudhary Babita , Hapani Divya , Koshiya Jignasha , Syed Saif Najam , Phillips Dylan Wyn , Jones Huw Dylan , Mishra Avinash 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to explore the potential of a plasma‐membrane localized PIP2‐type aquaporin protein sourced from the halophyte Salicornia brachiata to alleviate salinity and water deficit stress tolerance in a model plant through transgenic intervention. Transgenic plants overexpressing SbPIP2 gene showed improved physio‐biochemical parameters like increased osmolytes (proline, total sugar, and amino acids), antioxidants (polyphenols), pigments and membrane stability under salinity and drought stresses compared to control plants [wild type (WT) and vector control (VC) plants]. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that, under water and salinity stresses, osmolytes, antioxidants and pigments were correlated with SbPIP2‐overexpressing (SbPIP2‐OE) plants treated with salinity and water deficit stress, suggesting their involvement in stress tolerance. As aquaporins are also involved in CO2 transport, SbPIP2‐OE plants showed enhanced photosynthesis performance than wild type upon salinity and drought stresses. Photosynthetic gas exchange (net CO2 assimilation rate, PSII efficiency, ETR, and non‐photochemical quenching) were significantly higher in SbPIP2‐OE plants compared to control plants (wild type and vector control plants) under both unstressed and stressed conditions. The higher quantum yield for reduction of end electron acceptors at the PSI acceptor side [Φ(R0)] in SbPIP2‐OE plants compared to control plants under abiotic stresses indicates a continued PSI functioning, leading to retained electron transport rate, higher carbon assimilation, and less ROS‐mediated injuries. In conclusion, the SbPIP2 gene functionally validated in the present study could be a potential candidate for engineering abiotic stress resilience in important crops.
Heart Rate Variability in Professional and Semiprofessional Soccer: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mirto Mauro , Filipas Luca , Altini Marco , Codella Roberto , Meloni Andrea 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIn modern soccer, fitness and fatigue monitoring tools tend to be focused on noninvasive, time‐efficient and player‐friendly measures. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as an effective method for monitoring training response and readiness to perform. However, there is still a lack of consensus on HRV monitoring when it comes to soccer. Thus, this scoping review aims to map existing evidence on HRV in professional and semiprofessional soccer settings, and to identify knowledge gaps to inform future research directions. A search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar) according to the PRISMA‐ScR statement was employed. Studies were screened for eligibility on inclusion criteria: (1) HRV was among the topics discussed in the article; (2) adult professional or semiprofessional soccer players were involved in the study; (3) both male and female participants; (4) no geographical area exclusion; (5) articles published in English; and (6) article full text available. The search of the selected databases revealed 8456 records. The titles and abstracts of all articles were retrieved for screening of eligibility, leaving 30 articles for further consideration. Following screening against set criteria, a total of 25 studies were included in this review, the sample size of which ranged from 6 to 124 participants. The participants in the included studies were professional and semiprofessional soccer players, interviewed clubs staff, and practitioners. Along with other monitoring strategies, morning vagally mediated HRV analysis via (ultra)short‐term orthostatic measurements may be an efficient way to assess training adaptations and readiness to perform in professional and semiprofessional soccer players. Further research is required to make definitive recommendations.
Genome‐wide association study of stem structural characteristics that extracted by a high‐throughput phenotypic analysis “LabelmeP rice” in rice
Authors: Li Jianguo , Yang Mingchong , He Dandan , Luo Zixuan , Li Bo , Huang Xiaojin , Wu Fangxi , Xie Guosheng , Fan Chuchuan , Sun Wenqiang , Yu Sibin , Wang Lingqiang 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARYStem is important for assimilating transport and plant strength; however, less is known about the genetic basis of its structural characteristics. In this study, a high‐throughput method, “LabelmeP rice” was developed to generate 14 traits related to stem regions and vascular bundles, which allows the establishment of a stem cross‐section phenotype dataset containing anatomical information of 1738 images from hand‐cut transections of stems collected from 387 rice germplasm accessions grown over two successive seasons. Then, the phenotypic diversity of the rice accessions was evaluated. Genome‐wide association studies identified 94, 83, and 66 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the assayed traits in 2 years and their best linear unbiased estimates, respectively. These SNPs can be integrated into 29 quantitative trait loci (QTL), and 11 of them were common in 2 years, while correlated traits shared 19. In addition, 173 candidate genes were identified, and six located at significant SNPs were repeatedly detected and annotated with a potential function in stem development. By using three introgression lines (chromosome segment substitution lines), four of the 29 QTLs were validated. LOC_Os01g70200, located on the QTL uq1.4, is detected for the area of small vascular bundles (SVB) and the rate of large vascular bundles number to SVB number. Besides, the CRISPR/Cas9 editing approach has elucidated the function of the candidate gene LOC_Os06g46340 in stem development. In conclusion, the results present a time‐ and cost‐effective method that provides convenience for extracting rice stem anatomical traits and the candidate genes/QTL, which would help improve rice.
Ethnicity and gentrification. Exploring the real estate's perspective on the revaluation of a "dangerous" street in Leipzig (Germany)
Authors: Hübscher Marcus , Kleindienst Elisabeth , Brose Madlen 
Published: June 2024

The relationship between ethnicity and gentrification is understudied. However, it is a highly relevant albeit paradoxical relationship where upgrading due to “multiculturalism” and “authenticity” might be paralleled by discrimination and displacement. This paper takes up the case of Leipzig’s Eisenbahnstrasse as an arrival space with one of the highest shares of foreigners in East Germany. The media has labeled Eisenbahnstrasse as “Germany’s most dangerous street”. Simultaneously, considerable dynamics on the housing market are observed that add to the juxtaposition between medial perception and real estate. Our paper takes up this paradoxical situation and investigates the role of ethnicity on Leipzig’s Eisenbahnstrasse, seen from the supply side of real estate, which is an often neglected perspective. By means of qualitative interviews with local stakeholders, our aim is to understand their role in the revaluation process, and how ethnicity is linked to this process.
Our findings reveal a gap between the predominantly negative news coverage and the neighborhood’s actual values from the real estate perspective. According to the interviewees, the image of the Eisenbahnstrasse prevents families from moving to the area but attracts students and artists who cherish the international atmosphere in the area. In this context, ethnicity plays a crucial but ambiguous role in the revaluation process. This paper also reveals how discrimination on the housing market takes place, and how real estate stakeholders construct ethnicity and apply strategies to promote a revaluation, which they consider as social mixing. Therefore, we present further evidence of the ongoing processes on Leipzig’s Eisenbahnstrasse and provide insights into the complex relationship between gentrification and ethnicity.
Mixed-flow Pumps: Modeling, Simulation, and Measurements
Authors: Li Wei , Ji Leilei , Agarwal Ramesh , Shi Weidong , Zhou Ling 
Published: June 2024

Learn to improve and optimize the design and operation of mixed-flow pumps.
Mixed-flow pumps have a huge range of applications in agriculture, hydroelectric power, and other industries that incorporate fluid transport. They are centrifugal pumps incorporating the characteristics of both axial and radial pumps to increase the flow rate and discharge pressure. Though essential in a variety of industries, they pose serious challenges to numerical simulation methods, challenges which are starting to be met by the application of computational fluid dynamics using high-performance computing.
Mixed-flow Pumps introduces engineers and researchers to this subject and its important applications. Incorporating all major varieties of mixed-flow pumps used in industrial applications, it employs methods from advanced computational fluid dynamics and high-precision flow field experimentation to characterize and analyze these crucial technologies. Moving from the fundamentals of the technology to its most advanced applications, it’s an essential resource for engineers and industry practitioners looking to develop their understanding of fluid transport.
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Mixed-flow Pumps is a useful reference for mixed-flow pump design by academic researchers, including graduate students, industry practitioners, and test engineers.