bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Theoretical Models to Exercise Behavior among Employed Women
Authors: Marcus Bess H. , Pinto Bernardine M. , Simkin Laurey R. , Audrain Janet E. , Taylor Elaine R. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. This study examines the utility of three theoretical models—the stages of change model, self-efficacy theory, and the decisional balance model—in understanding exercise behavior among employed women. Design. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected as part of a routine follow-up of a worksite-based smoking and health risk appraisal study. Setting. The study was conducted in three Rhode Island worksites, including one manufacturing company, one medical center, and one retail outlet. Subjects. Of a sample of 431 women who completed exercise questionnaires, 293 reported participation in a physical activity over the previous week. The average age of the sample was 41.1 years, and mean years of education was 12.8. Measures. Previously validated measures to determine stage of exercise behavior, exercise self-efficacy, exercise decisional balance, and physical activity participation were administered. Additional demographic information was also obtained. Results. Frequency counts revealed that 39% of the population was sedentary, 34% were participating in irregular activity, and 27% were active. MANOVAs followed by one way ANOVAs revealed that women in Precontemplation scored the lowest and those in Maintenance scored the highest on the self-efficacy, pro, and decisional-balance indices, with the trend reversed on the con scale. A chi-square test revealed that women with one or more young children in the home were more likely to be in a lower stage of exercise adoption. Conclusions. Most of the women in this cross-sectional study did not engage in regular activity. Presence of young children in the home was significantly related to decreased activity. The results are limited by the nonrandomized, and cross-sectional nature of the study design. Data suggest that, with multiple roles and responsibilities, women may be better served by stage-matched interventions to increase physical activity.
A Qualitative Investigation of Organizational Issues in an Alcohol Awareness Program for Blue-Collar Workers
Authors: Towers Anna M. , Kishchuk Natalie , Sylvestre Marcel , Peters Claudia , Bourgault Chantal 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To explore sociopolitical and organizational issues in worksite alcohol health promotion. Few such programs are reported in the literature. Design. Qualitative data were gathered during the development and implementation phases of a program through focus groups, key informant interviews, and observations made by the research team. Settings and Subjects. One hundred and ninety-nine blue-collar workers from a private company (a group which was also involved in a randomized controlled trial) and 123 workers from four other organizations (nontrial groups) received the intervention. The nontrial groups were used to pilot-test the intervention and in a post-trial assessment. All companies were located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Intervention. Two worksite health promotion sessions on responsible drinking were given to small groups of workers. Measures. The reactions of workers, unions, and employers to the program and to the evaluation trial were observed. The viewpoints of key informants were solicited through semi-structured interviews. Analysis was accomplished through several cycles of memo writing. Results. Alcohol is a sensitive subject when discussed in worksite group settings. Our data suggest that there are alcohol problems in the workplace of which coworkers are clearly cognizant. In one setting the intervention led to the development of organizational rules regarding workers who reported to work inebriated, where this behavior had been previously tolerated. The sessions were better received when disease concepts were avoided. Evaluation research on alcohol requires particular care with confidentiality and ongoing communication with all stakeholders, especially unions. Conclusions. Worksite health promotion regarding alcohol is feasible. The complex process of negotiating, implementing, and evaluating a worksite alcohol health promotion program is discussed. More research on the sociopolitical aspects of such programs is needed.
Allosteric Activation of Kinases: Design and Application of RapR Kinases
Authors: Karginov Andrei V. , Hahn Klaus M. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractHere we describe a method for the engineered regulation of protein kinases in living cells, the design and application of RapR (rapamycin regulated) kinases. The RapR kinase method enables activation of kinases with high specificity and precise temporal control. Insertion of an engineered allosteric switch, the iFKBP domain, at a structurally conserved position within the kinase catalytic domain makes the modified kinase inactive. Treatment with rapamycin or its non‐immunosuppressive analogs triggers interaction with a small FKBP‐rapamycin‐binding domain (FRB), restoring the activity of the kinase. The reagents used in this method are genetically encoded or membrane permeable, enabling ready application in many systems. Based on the structural similarity of kinase catalytic domains, this method is likely applicable to a wide variety of kinases. Successful regulation has already been demonstrated for three kinases representing both tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase families (p38, FAK, Src). Procedures for designing and testing RapR kinases are discussed. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 53:14.13.1‐14.13.16. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Installation and Use of LabKey Server for Proteomics
Authors: Eckels Joshua , Hussey Peter , Nelson Elizabeth K. , Myers Tamra , Rauch Adam , Bellew Matthew , Connolly Brian , Law Wendy , Eng Jimmy K. , Katz Jonathan , McIntosh Martin , Mallick Parag , Igra Mark 
Published: December 2011

AbstractLabKey Server (formerly CPAS, the Computational Proteomics Analysis System) provides a Web‐based platform for mining data from liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) proteomic experiments. This open source platform supports systematic proteomic analyses and secure data management, integration, and sharing. LabKey Server incorporates several tools currently used in proteomic analysis, including the X! Tandem search engine, the ProteoWizard toolkit, and the PeptideProphet and ProteinProphet data mining tools. These tools and others are integrated into LabKey Server, which provides an extensible architecture for developing high‐throughput biological applications. The LabKey Server analysis pipeline acts on data in standardized file formats, so that researchers may use LabKey Server with other search engines, including Mascot or SEQUEST, that follow a standardized format for reporting search engine results. Supported builds of LabKey Server are freely available at http://www.labkey.com/. Documentation and source code are available under the Apache License 2.0 at http://www.labkey.org. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 36:13.5.1‐13.5.25. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adaptive consensus seeking of multiple nonlinear systems
Authors: Dong Wenjie 
Published: December 2011

SUMMARYThis paper considers two consensus problems of multiple nonlinear systems. In the first consensus problem, distributed control laws for multiple nonlinear systems are proposed such that the state of each system converges to a constant agreement vector with the aid of communications between systems. In the second consensus problem, distributed robust/adaptive control laws for multiple nonlinear systems are proposed such that the state of each system converges to the state of a reference system whose state is available to a portion of multiple systems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control laws. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kilogram‐Scale Asymmetric Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of a Tetrasubstituted Fluoroenamide
Authors: Stumpf Andreas , Reynolds Mark , Sutherlin Daniel , Babu Srinivasan , Bappert Erhard , Spindler Felix , Welch Michael , Gaudino John 
Published: December 2011

AbstractRuthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric homogeneous hydrogenation (AHH) is used as the key step of a multi‐kilogram scale synthesis of an enantiomeric fluoropiperidine. The AHH of a tetrasubstituted β‐fluoroenamide is carried out under mild conditions using a Ru/Josiphos catalyst with high ee (98%).
The Efficient Copper(I) (Hexabenzyl)tren Catalyst and Dendritic Analogues for Green “Click” Reactions between Azides and Alkynes in Organic Solvent and in Water: Positive Dendritic Effects and Monometallic Mechanism
Authors: Liang Liyuan , Ruiz Jaime , Astruc Didier 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAn easily synthesized, copper(I) (hexabenzyl)tren complex 1 is an efficient catalyst for the copper(I)‐catalyzed Huisgen‐type 1,3‐cycloaddition between azides and alkynes (CuAAC) reaction in toluene. Alternatively, a convenient procedure involves mixing copper(I) bromide (CuBr) with hexabenzyltren and the substrates in toluene which gives, for instance, 100% yield of triazole in 10 min using 0.1 equiv. catalyst with phenylacetylene and benzyl azide at room temperature. The toluene‐soluble catalyst 1 is recyclable and is applied, for example, to the CuAAC synthesis of an 81‐branched dendrimer that previously required the use of a stoichiometric amount of copper(II) sulfate (CuSO4)+sodium ascorbate “catalyst”. Dendritic copper(I)‐centered analogues 2 and 3 of the first and second generations (G1 and G2, respectively) containing respectively 18 and 54 branch termini, including a 54‐branched water‐soluble metallodendrimer 5, are also very efficient catalysts for the CuAAC reaction. With the metallodendritic Cu(I) derivatives 2 and 3, the dendritic frame brings about steric protection against the well‐known inner‐sphere aerobic oxidation of Cu(I) to bis(μ‐oxo)‐bis‐Cu(II). The metallodendrimers 2 and 3 are also sometimes more efficient than the parent catalyst, as shown by kinetic studies. Catalysis in water without co‐solvent of the CuAAC reactions of water‐insoluble substrates was achieved under ambient conditions in good yields with the recyclable catalyst 5. Efficient catalysis of the CuAAC reaction by these bulky Cu(I) metallodendrimers emphasizes the monometallic mechanism. The difference of kinetic behavior between 1 and CuBr+hexabenzyltren suggests, however, that whereas a monometallic mechanism is working for 1, the mixture of CuBr+hexabenzyltren might involve the bimetallic mechanism proposed by Fokin and Finn.
Genetic and environmental contributions to self‐reported thoughts of self‐harm and suicide
Authors: Althoff Robert R. , Hudziak James J. , Willemsen Gonneke , Hudziak Vicenta , Bartels Meike , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThoughts of self‐harm and suicidal behavior are thought to be influenced by both genetics and environment. Molecular genetic studies are beginning to address the question of which genes may be involved and whether different genes may be expressed in men and women. We examined thoughts of self‐harm and suicidal behavior in a large general population twin sample including male and female same‐ and opposite‐sex twins. In this study, data on self‐reported thoughts of self‐harm and suicide were obtained from self‐report questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory and Youth or Adult Self Report forms) in 6,265 twin pairs (11,008 individuals) aged 11–90 (62% female) from the Netherlands Twin Registry. Liability threshold models were compared including sex and age (linear and quadratic) effects. Models were compared using measures of parsimony to calculate the simplest model to the data. A model with additive genetic and unique environmental contributions fitted the data for both males and females. There were no qualitative sex differences, but the relative contributions differed between men and women. Heritability was higher in women (0.74, 95% CI 0.65–0.81) than men (0.45, 95% CI 0.28–0.61). The remaining variance was accounted for by environmental influence unique to an individual. These results suggest contributions from additive genetic factors to self‐reported thoughts of self‐harm and suicide and support the continued study of both molecular genetic and individual‐specific environmental risk factors. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ätiologie potentiell primordialer Biomolekül‐Strukturen: Vom Vitamin B12zu den Nukleinsäuren und der Frage nach der Chemie der Entstehung des Lebens – ein Rückblick
Authors: Eschenmoser Albert 
Published: December 2011

Abstract“Wir werden es nie wissen können” ist ein Truismus, der zu Resignation gegenüber jeglicher experimenteller Investition in eine Suche nach der Chemie der Entstehung des Lebens verführt. Doch widerspricht solche Resignation radikal der Herausforderung, die der Chemie als Naturwissenschaft auferlegt ist. Ungeachtet der Prognose, wonach der kürzeste Weg zum Verständnis der Metamorphose des Chemischen ins Biologische über die experimentelle Modellierung “künstlichen chemischen Lebens” führt, wird die naturwissenschaftliche Suche nach dem von der Natur begangenen Weg der Entstehung des Lebens, das wir kennen, wohl nie wirklich enden. Denn sie ist Teil der Suche nach unserem eigenen Ursprung.
Preparation and in vitro characterization of poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic acid)‐based tamoxifen citrate‐loaded microparticles for breast cancer
Authors: Hiremath J. G. , Rudani C.G. , Domb A. J. , Suthar R. V. , Khamar N. S. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThis study was aimed to develop an injectable polymeric drug delivery system for tamoxifen citrate (TC) using poly(sebacic acid‐co‐ricinoleic acid) [poly(SA‐RA) 70 : 30 w/w] as a drug carrier for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Injectable biodegradable microparticles of TC were produced by solvent displacement technique of microencapsulation and were characterized by surface morphology (scanning electron microscopy), particle size, size distribution, physical and chemical interaction (Fourier transform infrared), nature and physical state of drug [DSC and X‐ray diffraction (XRD)], and in vitro release studies. TC loading over different concentrations was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. Polyanhydride microparticles obtained after lyophilization were nearly spherical in shape with smooth surface and size less than 2.5 μm. TC was dispersed in the form of amorphous state, and TC remains intact and stable during the process of microencapsulation. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated prolonged controlled release of TC with zero‐order kinetics. Stability studies revealed that the production process of microparticles itself did not affect the chemical stability of the drug and polymer forming the particle matrix. Significant difference in drug release capacity was observed in microparticles with different drug loadings, and the drug release was more sustained in microparticles prepared with high TC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐functionalized Fe‐Au/core‐shell nanoparticles
Authors: Bach Long Giang , Rafiqul Islam Md. , Kim Jin Ho , Kim Hyun Gyu , Lim Kwon Taek 
Published: December 2011

AbstractDisulfide‐bearing poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (DT‐PHEMA) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization technique, which was subsequently immobilized onto core‐shell structured Fe‐Au nanoparticles (Fe‐AuNPs) by applying a “grafting to” protocol to afford new PHEMA‐grafted Fe‐AuNPs (PHEMA‐g‐Fe‐AuNPs). The Fe‐AuNPs having the iron core of 20–22 nm and the gold layer of 1–2 nm were initially prepared by inverse micelle technique and characterized by XRD and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM). The grafting of DT‐PHEMA on the Fe‐AuNPs was confirmed by Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric (TGA), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray analyses. The average diameter of polymer coated Fe‐AuNPs was determined to be 28 nm by HR‐TEM analysis. The amount of the polymer on the surface of Fe‐AuNPs was calculated to be about 50% by TGA analysis. The studies of magnetic property by the superconducting quantum interference devices indicate the superparamagnetic property of Fe‐AuNPs and PHEMA‐g‐Fe‐AuNPs. The optical property of the PHEMA‐g‐Fe‐AuNPs was recorded by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, and a redshift in the absorption was observed, which further suggests the PHEMA attachment on the surface of Fe‐AuNPs. The magnetic nanocomposites demonstrate good dispersibility in common polar solvents. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Working mechanism of a high temperature (200°C) synthetic cement retarder and its interaction with an AMPS®‐based fluid loss polymer in oil well cement
Authors: Tiemeyer Constantin , Plank Johann 
Published: December 2011

AbstractA copolymer comprising of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS®) and itaconic acid (molar ratio 1 : 0.32) was synthesized by aqueous free radical polymerization and probed as high temperature retarder for oil well cement. Characteristic properties of the copolymer including molar masses (Mw and Mn), polydispersity index and anionic charge amount were determined. The copolymer possesses a Mw of ∼ 2 × 105 g/mol and is highly anionic. HT/HP consistometer tests confirmed effectiveness of the retarder at temperatures up to 200°C. The working mechanism of NaAMPS®‐co‐itaconic acid was found to rely exclusively on its huge calcium binding capacity (5 g calcium/g copolymer). It reduces the amount of freely dissolved, nonbound calcium ions present in cement pore solution and thus hinders the growth of cement hydrates because of lack of calcium. The value for the calcium binding capability is 46 times higher than the stoichiometric amount per COO− functionality. Consequently, calcium also coordinates to other donor atoms present in the retarder. NaAMPS®‐co‐itaconic acid also adsorbs onto cement, as was evidenced by TOC analysis of cement filtrates, zeta potential measurement and decreased rheology of cement pastes. However, adsorption plays no role in the retarding mechanism of this copolymer. Combination of NaAMPS®‐co‐itaconic acid retarder with a common CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA fluid loss additive (FLA) revealed that competitive adsorption on cement between these two admixtures occurs. The retarder fills interstitial adsorption sites on cement located between those occupied by the larger FLA molecules. In consequence, fewer amounts of CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA can adsorb and its effectiveness is reduced. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Preparation of electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers with water‐soluble eggshell membrane and catechin
Authors: Kang Jian , Chen Long , Okubayashi Satoko , Sukigara Sachiko 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe process of incorporating water‐soluble eggshell membrane (S‐ESM) into polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibers was investigated using the interaction between S‐ESM and catechin. Electrospinning of the nontoxic natural catechin with PCL was examined, and S‐ESM was introduced into the resulting PCL/catechin nanofibers through hydrogen bonding. S‐ESM was added into PCL/catechin electrospun fibers by immersing the as‐spun fibers in an S‐ESM solution that was prepared by dissolving S‐ESM powder in water with a dimethylformamide cosolvent. Morphological observation suggested that S‐ESM was incorporated with catechin and formed S‐ESM/catechin nanoparticles, distributed in the nanofiber webs. Analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that hydrogen bonding interactions were generated between PCL and catechin as well as between S‐ESM and catechin. Water contact angle tests suggested that the presence of S‐ESM/catechin improved the wettability of PCL nanofiber webs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of Al2O3 fibers on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of high density polyethylene with the absence and presence of compatibilizer
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Ke Yucai , Cao Xinyu , Ma Yongmei , Wang Fosong 
Published: December 2011

AbstractAlumina (Al2O3) fiber/high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites were prepared by molding injection with or without compatibilizer, in which, maleic anhydride‐grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐MA) and acrylic acid‐grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐AA) were used as the compatibilizers. The thermal conductivities of the composites were anisotropic and the conductivities in the injection direction of the samples were higher than those in perpendicular direction of the injection. The anisotropic thermal conductivity for Al2O3/PE‐g‐AA/HDPE was the most obvious and this composite also gave the best mechanical performance. The SEM and DMA test revealed that PE‐g‐AA was more effective than PE‐g‐MA in improving the matrix–filler interaction. The high interfacial interaction was more favorable for the viscous flow‐induced fiber orientation, which resulted in the largest anisotropic degree of thermal conductivity of the Al2O3/PE‐g‐AA/HDPE among the studied composite. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Influence of a density mismatch on TMPTMA shells nonconcentricity
Authors: Lattaud Cecile , Guillot Lyonel , Brachais Claire‐Hélène , Fleury Emmanuel , Legaie Olivier , Couvercelle Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2011

AbstractSome laser target designs require low‐density organic foam shells to study fusion on the French high‐power laser laser mega joule. Low‐density trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate foam shells composed of C, H, and O, 2 mm diameter, 100‐μm wall thickness, and 250 mg cm−3 density are synthesized by a microencapsulation technique using a droplet generator. These shells have to reach a sphericity higher than 99.9% and a nonconcentricity (NC) lower than 1%. The wall thickness variation is one of the most difficult specifications to meet. An important factor in reducing this defect is the density matching between the three phases of the emulsion at polymerization temperature. The influence of a density mismatch between the internal water phase and the organic phase on the NC of TMPTMA foam shells was studied. The best NC results and yields of shells are obtained with a density gap between the internal water phase and the organic phase of 0.078 g cm−3 at 60°C, with an average NC around 2%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011