bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Chronic Sinusitis with Polyp
Authors: Jeong Jin Hyeok , Park Chul‐won , Lee Seung‐Hwan 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveNitric oxide (NO) is known to be an important mediator and inflammatory marker of airway. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of nasal NO (nNO) and exhaled NO (eNO) in chronic sinusitis (CRS) with polyp and to predict clinical features of CRS with polyp by NO, which is easy to measure.MethodWe used chemiluminescent analyzer to measure nNO and eNO between healthy individuals (32) and CRS with polyp patients (30), CRS with polyp and allergic rhinitis and compared it with a variety of clinical features of chronic sinusitis like sinus CT and symptoms.ResultsThe nNO were significantly lower in CRS with polyp (88.5 ± 54.7 ppb) compared with controls (241.0 ± 89.5 ppb), CRS with polyp and allergic rhinitis (167.0 ± 47.6 ppb) (pp < 0.009) with a positive relationship with the extent of sinus disease, and it was different from nNO.ConclusionThe nasal NO could be used to predict CRS with polyp, which eventually has to be treated with surgery. The upper airway disease could affect the lower airway inflammation, and it reflects, “One airway, one disease.”
Nasal Mucosal Histologic Changes after Polypectomy
Authors: Majidi Mohammadreza , Nurizadeh Navid 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveEvaluate the effects of polypectomy on nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinosinusitis.MethodThis clinical trial was done in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis. Tissue samples taken from inferior turbinate before and one month after surgery were evaluated for histological study.ResultsThe percentage of goblet cells in inferior turbinaire epithelium were significantly (P =. 03) reduced after polypectomy (from 39.86% to 13.3%).ConclusionThis study shows that relieving nasal obstruction after polypectomy may have an additional effect on goblet cell concentration in nasal mucosa and, therefore, on postoperative rhinorrhea.
Nasal Symptoms and Sleep Problems in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Okushi Tetsushi , Asaka Daiya , Moriyama Hiroshi , Otori Nobuyoshi , Chiba Shintaro , Nakayama Tsuguhisa 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveIn recent years various studies have been conducted regarding the effects of CRS on the patient’s quality of life (QOL). There have, however, been few reports of its effects on the quality of sleep. Accordingly, we examined which factors are involved in sleep problems associated with CRS.MethodMulticenter prospective study. We analyzed 685 consecutive CRS patients between April 2007 and March 2008. All patients completed a QOL questionnaire and background parameters. The patients who had sleep problems (SP group) were compared with other patients in regard to nasal symptoms and background parameters.ResultsA total of 148 patients (21.6%) had sleep problems. The scores for each of the nasal symptoms were significantly higher in the SP group. In addition, the sleep score was significantly higher in the patients with a complication of allergic rhinitis and the patients with high peripheral and tissue eosinophil counts. Logistic regression analysis found that nasal congestion, cough, and ear fullness were nasal symptoms that contributed to the SP group.ConclusionThis study indicated that, in addition to nasal symptoms, inflammatory conditions such as allergic rhinitis and eosinophilic inflammation have the potential to directly affect sleep problems. Logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective symptoms, such as nasal congestion, cough, etc, are closely related to sleep problems.
Conduction Velocity of Swallowing Pressures in the Pharynx
Authors: Hara Minoru , Takahashi Haruo , Takasaki Kenji 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveDuring normal swallowing, longitudinal conduction of pharyngeal pressure occurs from the velopharynx to the esophagus for the transportation of a food bolus. In this study, we analyzed the conduction velocity (CV) of swallowing pressures in the pharynx using a novel high‐resolution manometry (HRM) system.MethodPharyngeal pressure topographies (PPTs) were obtained from 95 asymptomatic subjects. PPT is a derivative of HRM data that dynamically displays intrapharyngeal swallowing pressure. We measured CV at the velopharynx (V1), meso‐hypopharynx (V2), upper esophageal sphincter (UES, V3), and cervical esophagus (V4). We also measured their swallowing pressure durations by analyzing PPT.ResultsV1 to V4 were 24.7, 14.5, 15.0, and 4.7 cm/sec, respectively. The differences between V1 versus V2 and V3 versus V4 were statistically significant. Swallowing pressure durations at the same regions were 0.57, 0.23, 1.94, and 1.27 seconds, respectively.ConclusionThese findings indicate the conduction pattern of pressures. The CV from the mesopharynx to the UES is almost constant because of the anatomical similarity of middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors. The duration at the UES is longer than the others; this accounts for the prevention of backflow from the esophagus.
Nebulized Medical Therapy for Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Lanza John T. , Hilton Aaron 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveNebulized intranasal medical therapy (NIMT) is a novel treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CR). To determine the role of NIMT in CR, we compared 50 patients treated with NIMT and oral therapy. We present our findings of pre‐ and posttreatment modified SNOT 20 scores and sinus cultures.MethodPretreatment nasal endoscopy with culture was obtained, and a modified SNOT 20 questionnaire was completed. Patients were treated with either NIMT or oral antibiotic therapy twice daily for 21 days. Patients were re‐evaluated 2 weeks post‐completion of treatment with repeat SNOT 20 questionnaire and endoscopic culture.ResultsPre‐ and posttreatment sinus cultures were assessed. Bacteriology cultures and sensitivities demonstrated a wide range of organisms, including Staph aureus, H influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Moraxella catarrhalis, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, and Cornybacterium. Both solitary and mixed infections with various degrees of antibiotic resistance were encountered. Early results indicate a change in bacteriology as a result of treatment. Additionally a preliminary review of outcomes demonstrates a reduction in the pre‐ and posttreatment modified SNOT 20 scores in both groups. Final comparison of the 2 study groups and statistical analysis is pending.ConclusionThe use of NIMT in the treatment of CR is an effective alternative. It is particularly valuable in those patients who cannot tolerate traditional oral therapy and/or whose cultures identify an organism for which an oral antibiotic is not available. Patient compliance and treatment morbidity is favorable.
Obesity and Allergic Rhinitis: Any Relationship?
Authors: Cervoni Edoardo 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAllergic rhinitis is a very common comorbidity in asthma, both in children and in adults, but its relationship with obesity, often associated with asthma, has not been established. The aim of this paper is to ascertain if there is a statistically significant relationship between allergic rhinitis and obesity.MethodA population search using Primary Care software EMIS on a cluster of 5499 subjects was undertaken to identify prevalence of allergic rhinitis among obese patients.ResultsThere was a statistically significant relationship between allergic rhinitis and obesity only in the group aged 5 to 16 years (P =. 0003).ConclusionPerhaps surprisingly, the relationship between allergic rhinitis could be present, but only in the younger population, while there is a consistent relationship between asthma and obesity.
Outcome of FESS in Symptomatic CRS Patients with Minimal Change CT
Authors: Chakravarti Arunabha , Naglot Shakuntala 
Published: September 2011

Objective1) Assess the efficacy of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with minimal radiological findings on CT scan. 2) Correlate between the preoperative symptoms and CT score.MethodCRS patients >18 years refractory to 3 weeks medical therapy were evaluated with CT PNS. Patients were grouped based on the Lund‐Mackay Staging system: A (0‐6 score), B (7‐24 score). All patients were subjected to FESS. Symptom scoring was done by visual analog scale and SNOT 20.ResultsSeventy patients (35 in each group) were evaluated. CRS with minimal disease on CT showed significant statistical improvement in symptom score after FESS. There was no correlation between preoperative symptoms and CT score.ConclusionA good subjective outcome in terms of symptom improvement can be obtained with FESS in patients with CRS with minimal disease on CT scan.
Perioperative Prophylactic Antibiotics in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Saleh Amy , Torres Katherine , Driscoll Colin 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveDetermine if the routine use of prolonged systemic perioperative antibiotics decreases the rate of infection and improves outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery by performing a systematic review of the available literature.MethodCochrane (2nd Quarter 2010), Ovid MEDLINE (1950‐2010), EMBASE (1988‐2010), and Scopus databases were searched. Two authors independently reviewed studies for inclusion and extracted data. All clinical trials examining the impact of perioperative administration of systemic antibiotics on outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery were included. Qualitative analysis was undertaken.ResultsOf 482 articles reviewed, 3 trials met eligibility criteria. These were prospective randomized control trials comparing either no or single dose antibiotics to a prolonged systemic course. The largest study enrolled 202 patients, was double‐blinded, and was placebo controlled with good allocation concealment and without loss to follow up. The others were of varying quality (smaller numbers; variable blinding, allocation concealment, and follow‐up). None of the trials found a significant difference in prevention of infection. They also failed to show improvement in subjective, endoscopic, or CT evaluation with the use of prolonged antibiotic therapy.ConclusionThe present review suggests that the routine use of systemic perioperative prophylactic antibiotics does not reduce the rate of infections or improve the outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery and, therefore, should not be automatically prescribed.
Predictive Factors of Depression on Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Pernas Francisco G. , Hughes Sharon , Coughlin Andrew M. , Maeso Patricia 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveThe improvement in quality of life after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has been well documented. However, oftentimes patients’ mental health is not assessed, ignored, or attributed to other causes. There is a lack of evidence that chronic rhinosinusitis can cause mental anguish and depression, which affects outcomes after FESS.MethodPatients were selected from a busy rhinology tertiary care center. Prior to ESS, participants were given a depression scale and a SNOT‐20 sinonasal symptomatology questionnaire, and endoscopic scores were noted. Participants repeated questionnaires at 6 weeks and 3 months after ESS. Endoscopic scores were noted at all three visits.ResultsThe most useful instrument to predict outcomes was the SNOT‐20 scale. The SNOT‐20 scale was highly correlated with the HDS. ESS did not result in any significant changes in a patient’s score on HDS, but it did improve SNOT‐20 scales. Patients with lower preoperative values on HDS had significantly better surgical outcomes as defined by Lund‐Kennedy and SNOT‐20. Higher preoperative values on HDS had significantly less improvement on Lund‐Kennedy and SNOT‐20.ConclusionThe data presented here confirm a high incidence in depressive‐like symptoms in patients who have CRS. We have demonstrated that patients with moderate and severe depression on HDS have worse outcomes after ESS independent of their preoperative scores. We also demonstrated SNOT‐20 to be highly correlated to HDS.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Korea
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Su 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common inflammatory diseases with multiple etiologies. Despite its high prevalence, risk factors influencing its prevalence have not been thoroughly revealed. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and risk factors of CRS in Korea.MethodThe 4,098 subjects that participated in the Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey were included in the study. Risk factors were categorized into socio‐demographic and personal medical factors. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify significant risk factors of CRS.ResultsThe prevalence of CRS in Korea was 6.95%. Among socio‐demographic factors, male sex, old age, and heavy stress were significantly related with CRS. Influenza vaccination, septal deviation, and persistent allergic rhinitis were significant personal medical risk factors of CRS. Among these risk factors, persistent/moderate to severe allergic rhinitis was proven to be the most significant risk factor for CRS at the population level.ConclusionEven though the prevalence and risk factors vary according to time, place, and diagnostic criteria, periodic epidemiologic study on CRS is necessary to reduce socioeconomic expenditure and establish an improved national health care policy.
Progressive Vision Loss of a Deployed Soldier with Paranasal Sinus Mass
Authors: Rohrer Joseph M. , Thomas Roy F. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveUnderstand the causes of progressive vision loss of a deployed soldier with paranasal sinus mass. Evaluate effectiveness of a multidisciplinary treatment team on the patient’s disease morbidity.MethodCase report of a soldier deployed to Iraq who developed allergic fungal sinusitis and presented with compressive optic neuritis. He was treated with high dose steroids and functional endoscopic sinus surgery with recurrent bilateral optic neuritis two weeks after surgery.ResultsThe patient was found to have allergic fungal sinusitis of a pneumatized clivus with a dehiscent optic nerve. He originally had excellent recovery of his vision after FESS. While recovering at home he had a subsequent relapse in both eyes 2 weeks later. Repeat imaging and exam in the operating room did not show a recurrence of the fungal debris. A multidisciplinary team involving ophthalmology, neurosurgery, and infectious disease subsequently found false positive Lyme titers with positive serology for syphilis in conjunction with his infectious optic neuritis.ConclusionVision loss from optic neuritis can be caused by sinusitis of the sphenoid such as with allergic fungal sinusitis, but other diagnoses and a multidisciplinary team must be pursued if initial treatment does not result in sustained or expected improvement.
Quality of Life in Allergic Rhinitis in Mexico
Authors: Hernandez Maria I. M. , Ojeda Alejandro G. , Cruz Rodriguez Amelia M. , Reyes Claudia M. , Plascencia Miguel R. O. , Marcias‐Reyes Hector , Orozco Clotilde F. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveEvaluate quality of life in untreated Mexican patients with allergic rhinitis, using the Rhinoconjunctivitis and Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ).MethodCross‐sectional survey study. Fifty‐six patients with diagnosis of persistent, moderate or severe untreated allergic rhinitis from January to December 2007 were included. The RQLQ was applied to each patient. This work was done at Hospital Fray Civil Fray Antonio Alcalde, in the Otolaryngology Department (Guadalajara, Jalisco, México).ResultsFifty‐six patients were included, 35 women and 21 men. The mean age was 28 years (range, 12‐65 years). All of them were diagnosed with persistent allergic rhinitis: 36 moderate cases and 20 severe cases. The most common symptoms were: rhinorrhea, congestion or nasal obstruction, sneezing, fatigue, itching, and headache. All the areas had a moderate impact (2.26 to 3.75). The most affected areas were the nasal symptoms and practical problems (3.75 and 3.73). The lowest scores were observed in sleep disturbance and ocular symptoms (2.26 and 2.46).ConclusionThe quality of life of patients depends on the severity and frequency of the symptoms in its daily activities. It is a cheap instrument, easily obtained and well accepted by the patient. The Rhinoconjunctivitis and Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire should be applied in the patients.
Septal Flap for Reconstruction of the Skull Base Defect
Authors: Won Tae Bin , Lee Chul Hee , Han Doo‐Hee , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Dong‐Young 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveThe pedicled septal flap (SF) is one of the most valuable methods to reconstruct the surgical defect after endoscopic skull base surgery. We aimed to assess the feasibility of the SF for reconstruction of the entire anterior SBD in Koreans and attempted to provide tips for improving its design.MethodCT scans of 2 patients with olfactory neuroblastoma awaiting endoscopic CFR were analyzed. Specific skull base landmarks were measured to estimate the potential anterior SBD. The length and width of the potential SF dimension was also measured. Actual intraoperative defect size and reconstruction method were also compared.ResultsThe maximal width and length of the potential anterior SBD was 17.62 to 24.63 mm, and 33.49 to 33.61 mm, respectively. The potential width and length of the sepal flap was 40.14 to 45.21 mm, and 55.43 to 60.87 mm, respectively. According to the radioanatomic studies, the calculated lengths of SF were sufficient to cover the anticipated anterior SBDs in all subjects. All subjects were underwent endoscopic craniofacial resection for anterior skull base lesion, and reconstructed with SF. Actual size of the defect was 20.06 x 13.71 mm and 26.80 x 33.44 mm, respectively.ConclusionPreoperative radioanatomic analysis is helpful in anticipating SBD and subsequent planning of the SF design. Increasing flap length by extending the anterior incision to the caudal septum and increasing flap width by incorporating the mucoperiosteum of the nasal floor can compensate for the relatively small septum in Asians.
Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxins in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Cheng Lei , Zhu Luping 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAnalyze the role of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SEs) in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP).MethodForty patients with CRSwNP, 30 patients with CRSsNP, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum specific IgE against SEA, SEB, and SEC was measured using ImmunoCAP 100E system, and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 13.0 software.ResultsThe serum level of specific IgE to SEB in patients with CRSwNP or CRSsNP was significantly higher than that in controls, respectively (P =. 05).ConclusionStaphylococcal superantigen SEB may play a role in the development of CRS with or without nasal polyps.
Correlating Participation in Team Sports and Resident Success
Authors: Immerman Sara , Shaikh Jamil , Lebowitz Richard , Roehm Pamela C. 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveWe hypothesize that participation in “team sports” as an undergraduate or in high school fosters development of a skill set improving interactions between the resident and other members of the healthcare team. The objective is to determine the utility of team sports participation as a criterion in resident selection.MethodRetrospective review of applications to an otolaryngology residency program and scores on evaluations of otolaryngology residents.ResultsResidents who participated in organized team sports tended to have higher overall rankings on their evaluations as compared with co‐residents without such past involvement. No correlation was seen with objective measures such as performance on in‐service or Board certification examinations.ConclusionInvolvement in team sports activities is a marker of skills and social attributes that correlates with improved scores on resident evaluations. Involvement in team sports can potentially be used during the resident selection process to select for similar individuals.
Study of Bone Changes in Human Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Melgarejo‐Moreno Pablo J. , Darr Elizabeth A. , Hellin‐Meseguer Diego 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveAfter sinus surgery, disease sometimes persists despite appropriate medical therapy and postoperative debridement until the underlying bone is removed. The aims of this study were to explore the pathogenic role of bone in chronic sinusitis and to determine whether mucosal disease may be induced by underlying disease within the bone.MethodTen patients with chronic sinusitis were studied at the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital (Murcia, Spain). Nasal endoscopy and computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses were performed. Bone and nasal mucosa specimens were collected during endoscopic sinus surgery and were studied with light and electronic microscopy.ResultsIn 45.3% of the specimens, the ethmoid cells and maxillary sinus mucosa were normal but the bone displayed inflammatory changes. These changes included alterations in bone architecture with coordinated osteoclasis and appositional bone formation adjacent to the infected sinuses, as well as intramembranous bone remodeling. In addition, fibrosis within the haversian system and increased vascularity were observed. The bony ethmoid septae showed demineralization and irregular bony thickening. The osseous changes in histopathology were significantly increased with higher mucosal grades in nasal endoscopy. The findings in CT scans and histopathology were well correlated with nasal endoscopy.ConclusionBone plays an active role in the process of chronic sinusitis. This may in part explain the recalcitrance of late‐stage disease. If the potential for inflammation to spread through the bone exists, it may well explain some of the clinical findings seen in chronic sinusitis.
The Changes of Clinical Characteristics of Pre‐ and Post immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis Patients Sensitized to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df)
Authors: Jung Su Young , Cho Jung Seang 
Published: September 2011

ObjectiveBy analyzing the difference of clinical manifestations, such as MAST results, total IgE, and Eosinophil count, before and after IT in AR patients who have been sensitized to the Df allergen, this research tried to find out about the character of the treatment response.MethodThe study included 192 patients, excluding one patient who stopped therapy during the process. After dividing the group by the duration of therapy and the degree of sensitization to the Df, the MAST, total IgE, and eosinophil count of each group were compared before and at least 6 months after therapy.ResultsAfter dividing the subjects into different groups according to the duration of IT into the 6 to 12‐months group (n = 136) and the more than 12‐months group (n = 56), the latter group showed a significant reduction in the Df specific antibody IgE, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) specific antibody IgE, and eosinophil count.ConclusionIn conclusion, immunotherapy has greater treatment response in patients with a more severe degree of sensitization to the Df allergen and the duration of treatment for more than 1 year.