bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave Disinfection of Complete Dentures Contaminated In Vitro with Selected Bacteria
Authors: Dovigo Lívia Nordi , Pavarina Ana Cláudia , Ribeiro Daniela Garcia , De Oliveira Juliana Aparecida , Vergani Carlos Eduardo , Machado Ana Lucia 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated the effectiveness of microwave irradiation for disinfection of simulated complete dentures. Materials and Methods: Seventy dentures were fabricated in a standardized procedure, subjected to ethylene oxide sterilization, individually inoculated (107 cfu/mL) with Staphylococcus aureus (n = 20), Pseudomona aeruginosa (n = 20), and Bacillus subtilis (n = 30) and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. After that, 40 dentures were selected for microwaving. For each microorganism, 10 dentures were submitted to microwave irradiation at 650 W for 3 minutes. In addition, 10 dentures contaminated with B. subtilis were irradiated for 5 minutes. Thirty non‐microwaved dentures (n = 10 for each bacteria) were used as positive controls. Replicate aliquots (25 μL) of suspensions were plated at dilutions of 10−3 to 10−6 on plates of selective media appropriate for each organism. After incubation (37°C for 48 hours), colonies were counted (cfu/mL). TSB beakers with the microwaved dentures were incubated at 37°C for a further 7 days to verify long‐term disinfection. The data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal‐Wallis test (α= 0.05). Results: No evidence of growth was observed at 48 hours for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on plates, and no turbidity was visible in the TSB beakers of these specimens after 7 days of incubation. Dentures contaminated with B. subtilis and irradiated for 3 minutes produced microbial growth on six plates and turbidity on all TSB beakers. Microwaving for 5 minutes resulted in survival of B. subtilis in two plates and two beakers. Conclusion: Microwave irradiation for 3 minutes at 650 W produced sterilization of complete dentures contaminated with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Dentures contaminated with B. subtilis were disinfected by microwave irradiation after 3 and 5 minutes at 650 W.
Finite Element Stress Analysis of Diastema Closure with Ceramic Laminate Veneers
Authors: Chander N. Gopi , Padmanabhan T. V. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use finite element stress analysis to examine the relative importance of variables such as porcelain laminate veneer (PLV) extensions, loading angle, and loading level for the case of feldspathic ceramic veneering of teeth to manage diastema. Materials and Methods: A 3D maxillary central incisor including its internal anatomy and morphology was constructed with ANSYS software for different extensions of PLV. Internal boundaries defining the dentinoenamel junction, the pulp‐dentinal junction, the interface between the enamel‐luting cement, and the porcelain‐luting cement were well defined. The von Mises stresses distribution and stress intensity were analyzed on the free extension of PLV for varying extensions, various angulations (0°, 30°, and 60°) on the incisal edge, and for different loading levels (50, 150, and 250 N). Results: The numerical values of stress were recorded. A significant difference in stress was observed. Increased stresses occurred with increased extensions, angulations, and loading levels. At 0° angulation, compressive stresses were visualized in finite element analysis for various magnitudes of force. Higher stress values of 182 MPa and 211 MPa were obtained for the 2.5‐mm extension in the mesial surface and in both proximal surfaces for 0° angulation at 250 N magnitude of force. The stress occurring at 30° and 60° angulations was the combination of compressive and tensile stress. Higher values of 261 MPa and 232 MPa were observed when forces were applied on the mesial extension of the PLV and on both the proximal surfaces for 2.5 mm at 30°, 250 N magnitude of force. A maximum stress value of 507 MPa was observed when PLV were increased in mesial width by 2.5 mm for 60° angulation at 250 N magnitude of force. Conclusion: The extensions of PLV in diastema closure have more of an esthetic than functional consideration, but critical factors such as angulations and the loading level acting on the free extension of PLV are important.
Adhesive Bonding of Resin Composite to Various Ni‐Cr Alloy Surfaces Using Different Metal Conditioners and a Surface Modification System
Authors: Almilhatti Hercules Jorge , Giampaolo Eunice Teresinha , Vergani Carlos Eduardo , Machado Ana Lucia , Pavarina Ana Claudia , Betiol Éderson Áureo Goncalves 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of three metal conditioners [Metal Photo Primer® (MPP), Cesead II Opaque Primer® (OP), Targis Link® (TL)], and one surface modification system [Siloc® (S)] on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a prosthetic composite material to Ni‐Cr alloy. Materials and Methods: Rivet‐shaped specimens were cast, and three surface treatments were evaluated: Polishing (P); sandblasting with either 50 μm (50SB) or 250 μm (250SB) Al2O3. All products were applied to half of the specimens, while the other half remained without the materials. Veneering resin composite (8‐mm diameter, 2‐mm thick) was applied and light‐exposed for 90 seconds in a laboratory light‐curing unit. The specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 24 hours, and half were subjected to 500 thermal cycles consisting of water baths at 4°C and 60°C. All specimens were submitted to SBS test (0.5 mm/min) until failure. Failure patterns were determined using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (preset alpha of 5%). Results: The SBS values of OP and TL groups were higher than those of MPP and S within the 50SB treatment (p < 0.05). No significant difference in SBS was noted between OP and TL as well as between MPP and S. On the other hand, no significant differences were found among conditioners within the 250SB group (p > 0.05). The SBS values of MPP, OP, and S from the 250SB group were higher than those from 50SB (p < 0.05). No significant difference in SBS was noted among most groups with conditioners after thermocycling. The only exception was observed for MPP, which showed an increase in SBS after thermocycling (p < 0.05). Differences in SBS were noted among the groups with conditioners (p < 0.05), and no significant difference in SBS was noted between TL and OP groups, which showed the highest values among all within the P group. No significant difference was noted between MPP and S. Debonded surfaces showed adhesive failures predominantly located between metal surface and opaque resin. Conclusions: The OP and TL conditioners and surface sandblasting with 250 μm Al2O3 promoted the highest SBS between resin and the Ni‐Cr metal surface.
A Preliminary Survey of Impression Trays Used in the Fabrication of Fixed Indirect Restorations
Authors: Mitchell Sonya T. , Ramp Merrie H. , Ramp Lance C. , Liu Perng‐Ru 
Published: June 2009

Abstract Purpose: A variety of impression trays are used in the fabrication of fixed indirect restorations. Impressions used in the construction of fixed indirect restorations were examined for tray type, manner of use, and overall impression quality. Materials and Methods: A commercial dental laboratory provided 1403 impressions used to fabricate fixed indirect restorations during a 3‐month period. Impressions were examined for tray type, quantity and type of recorded abutments, the impression of intact teeth adjacent to and opposing the abutment, the presence of the canine in the impression, and an assessment of the quality of the impression. Results: A majority of trays examined were plastic (864, or 61.6%). Dual‐arch trays comprised 73.1% of the total. Most of these were metal posterior (n = 499) or plastic posterior (n = 280). Among partial dual‐arch impressions, 561 (55.7%) were for the single abutment restoration, bounded by intact teeth anterior and posterior, and with an intact opposing tooth. Eleven percent of plastic dual‐arch impressions failed to register the canine. Regarding restoration type, there were 955 impressions for the single‐tooth crown, 46 for implant‐supported restorations, and 11 for veneers. Twenty impressions were for posts, inlays, or onlays. Impressions for multiple single‐tooth crowns and fixed partial dentures comprised the remainder. In terms of overall quality, 85.3% of impressions were excellent or good. The lowest performance in terms of excellent quality was in the anterior plastic single‐arch impression (44.8%), whereas the best rate of excellent quality noted was for the posterior dual‐arch impression (82.4%). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, dual‐arch trays were the most commonly used tray. Recommendations for the use of the dual‐arch tray were not followed in a substantial number of impressions examined.
Return to the Origin: Negotiating the Modern and Unmodern in the Old City of Damascus
Authors: TOTAH FAEDAH M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe 2002 government restoration of Suq in Damascus led to disagreements between officials and merchants over acceptable spatial practice in the marketplace. Though both were vested in the Suq's introduction to the historic Old City, they had different interpretations of this role. Officials emphasized a sanitized and ordered space whereas merchants focused on the commercial activities necessary in the marketplace over discipline. Eventually both interpretations, though at times contradictory, were included in the project. This article illustrates how the replication of modernity in a public space with inherent contradictions is a result of negotiations between formal and informal modernitites.
Modernity, Tradition and Nuances of Class in Lesotho
Authors: TURKON DAVID 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAnthropological studies of identity commonly focus on culture, religion and ethnicity as bases for self identification and affiliation. This focus has come at the expense of broader foci such as class. Based on fieldwork in culturally homogeneous Lesotho, in this article I demonstrate how, in the wake of economic and political modernization, class consciousness has become a salient criteria for identity formation among Basotho in ways that are linguistically marked and culturally reconciled. Analyzing class consciousness provides a framework for understanding ways that urban, state, regional and global ideologies inform rural culture. Social scientists, especially anthropologists, should compliment post‐modern analysis of incommensurable social identities with class analysis, as a basis for analyzing the cross cultural effects of modernization in national as well as localized settings.
Normalizing Christiania: Project Clean Sweep and the Normalization Plan in Copenhagen
Authors: AMOUROUX CHRISTA 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn 1971 a group of activists moved into a vacated military base near downtown Copenhagen and created an oppositional community. Named “Christiania,” this community began as a squat and is now a thriving community of artists, academics, activists and self‐labeled social losers. For thirty‐eight years Christiania has been a space of cultural critique and alterity in the center of Copenhagen. However, in 2002 the newly elected neoliberal‐conservative government decided to “normalize” Christiania by privatizing its cooperative businesses and communally owned housing. Within this specific historical context, I present normalization as a strategy where coercive, spatial and rhetorical practices are employed by the state in order to legitimize Christiania's closure. A police raid and a state report are used as examples of how Foucault's notion of normalization is enacted “on the ground” in a contemporary historical context, and how normalization is responded to by Christiania's residents.
“But They are Like You and Me”: Gay Civil Servants and Citizenship in a Cosmopolitanizing Singapore
Authors: TAN CHRIS K.K. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractIn July 2003, Singapore's then‐Prime Minister triggered public outrage by declaring that the state would now employ openly gay Singaporeans as civil servants. Besides questioning how such a seemingly inconsequential statement could generate such controversy, I also interrogate why the state had reversed its previously homophobic stance. I argue that, as a city‐state with aspirations to become a global city, Singapore attempted to market the “difference” of its sexual minorities to appear cosmopolitan and attractive to the “creative class” of professional labor. By contradicting the sexual exclusivity inherent in normative notions of citizenship, however, this cosmopolitanizing drive triggered the moral outrage. Furthermore, I assert that despite its apparent message of tolerance, the state's declaration remained an empty marketing ploy. While it has enabled homosexual Singaporeans to assess their status as citizens, the state has neither legalized it nor struck down existing anti‐sodomy legislation that fundamentally contradicts it. By exposing the declaration as only an exploitative façade that discursively conscripted gay and lesbian Singaporeans into cosmopolitanizing the country for the state, I highlight the limits of discourses of difference in Singapore.
Epigenetic therapy in myeloproliferative neoplasms: evidence and perspectives
Authors: Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Guglielmelli Paola , Rambaldi Alessandro , Bogani Costanza , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: June 2009

Abstract
The myeloproliferative neoplasms
The molecular pathogenesls of MPN
Epigenetic events In cancer
Epigenetic events In MPN
Drugs for epigenetic therapy
Epigenetic therapy In MPN
Conclusions
The classic Philadelphia chromosome‐negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), which include polycythaemia vera, essential thrombocythaemia and primary myelofibrosis, originate from a stem cell‐derived clonal myeloproliferation that manifests itself with variable haematopoietic cell lineage involvement; they are characterized by a high degree of similarities and the chance to transform each to the other and to evolve into acute leukaemia. Their molecular pathogenesis has been associated with recurrent acquired mutations in janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL). These discoveries have simplified the diagnostic approach and provided a number of clues to understanding the phenotypic expression of MPNs; furthermore, they represented a framework for developing and/or testing in clinical trials small molecules acting as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. On the other hand, evidence of abnormal epigenetic gene regulation as a mechanism potentially contributing to the pathogenesis and the phenotypic diversity of MPNs is still scanty; however, study of epigenetics in MPNs represents an active field of research. The first clinical trials with epigenetic drugs have been completed recently, whereas others are still ongoing; results have been variable and at present do not allow any firm conclusion. Novel basic and translational information concerning epigenetic gene regulation in MPNs and the perspectives for therapy will be critically addressed in this review.
Immunoexpression of MMPs‐1, ‐2, and ‐9 in ameloblastoma and odontogenic adenomatoid tumor
Authors: Ribeiro BF , Iglesias DPP , Nascimento GJF , Galvão HC , Medeiros AMC , Freitas RA 
Published: June 2009

Objective:  The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of metalloproteinases‐1, ‐2, and ‐9 in solid ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.Methods:  A total of 20 cases of solid ameloblastoma and 10 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors were selected and immunohistochemically assessed. Metalloproteinases‐1, ‐2, and ‐9 immunoexpression and their distribution pattern were noted and semiquantitatively scored. The scores obtained were statistically analyzed.Results:  Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 showed a predominant expression in both tumors and was found in stroma and parenchyma. For MMP‐2, there was a varied expression, with 80% and 60% of immunoreactive tumor cells in ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor respectively. Regarding stromal cells, 65% of ameloblastomas and 80% of adenomatoid odontogenic tumors showed positivity. There was immunoexpression of the MMP‐9 in parenchymal and stromal cells in all cases of both tumors analyzed. A statistically significant difference in the expression of MMP‐1 in relation to the expression of MMP‐2 and ‐9 in ameloblastomas (P < 0.001) was observed.Conclusion:  The results suggest that these metalloproteinases are related to growth and progression of tumors analyzed, and particularly in ameloblastoma, its highest aggressiveness may be, in part, a result of the active participation of the stromal cells and their products, such as the MMPs studied.
Investigation of 17 candidate genes for personality traits confirms effects of the HTR2A gene on novelty seeking
Authors: Heck A. , Lieb R. , Ellgas A. , Pfister H. , Lucae S. , Roeske D. , Pütz B. , Müller‐Myhsok B. , Uhr M. , Holsboer F. , Ising M. 
Published: June 2009

Genes involved in serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission have been hypothesized to affect different aspects of personality, but findings from genetic association studies did not provide conclusive results so far. In previous studies, however, only one or a few polymorphisms within single genes were investigated neglecting the possibility that the genetic associations might be more complex comprising several genes or gene regions. To overcome this limitation, we performed an extended genetic association study analyzing 17 serotonergic (SLC6A4, HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR6, MAOA, TPH1, TPH2) and dopaminergic genes (SLC6A3, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, COMT, MAOA, TH, DBH), which have been previously reported to be implicated with personality traits. One hundred and ninety‐five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these genes were genotyped with the Illumina BeadChip technology (HumanHap300, Human‐1) in a sample of 366 mentally healthy Caucasians. Additionally, we tried to replicate our results in an independent sample of further 335 Caucasians. Personality traits in both samples were assessed with the German version of Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. From 30 SNPs showing associations at a nominal level of significance, two intronic SNPs, rs2770296 and rs927544, both located in the HTR2A gene, withstood correction for multiple testing. These SNPs were associated with the personality trait novelty seeking. The effect of rs927544 could be replicated for the novelty seeking subscale extravagance, and the same SNP was also associated with extravagance inthe combined samples. Our results show that HTR2A polymorphisms modulate facets of novelty seeking behaviour in healthy adults suggesting that serotonergic neurotransmission is involved in this phenotype.
Successful treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn with bosentan
Authors: Nakwan N , Choksuchat D , Saksawad R , Thammachote P , Nakwan N 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe sophisticated and expensive treatment modalities of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), such as nitric oxide, are limited in developing countries. Alternative (less expensive) treatments are being sought and bosentan, an oral dual endothelin‐1 receptor antagonist, may be an option for the treatment of PPHN. We report our experience of using bosentan in a neonate with severe PPHN.Conclusion:  Bosentan may be a useful adjuvant therapy in neonates with PPHN, providing significant improvement in oxygenation, and thus may be particularly useful in the treatment of PPHN in countries with limited resources.
Persistence of resprouting species after fire in natural and post‐mine restored shrublands in southwestern Australia
Authors: Herath D.N. , Lamont B.B. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractQuestions: Is post‐fire persistence of resprouting species lower in restored sites, and is survival related to lignotuber size?Location: Southwestern Australia, Eneabba, 300 km north of Perth.Methods: Post‐fire persistence of 10 lignotuberous shrub species was compared between three sites restored 8–24 years ago after mineral‐sand mining and three surrounding natural shrubland sites (8–24 years since previous fire).Results: Overall persistence of species was 11–93% in restored sites (mean 52%) and 79–100% in natural sites (mean 96%). Persistence increased with time since rehabilitation for five species with <25% of individuals in three species surviving in the youngest stand. For equivalent crown size, average lignotuber circumferences were 50% smaller at restored sites and this probably accounted for their higher post‐fire mortality. Apart from differences in the age of plants, restored sites had lower soil penetrability than natural sites, which may have restricted rootstock development. A tradeoff favoring a higher crown volume to lignotuber size ratio was apparent in nine of the ten species with greater crown volumes (by 37%) and smaller lignotubers (by 36%) in restored sites. Two resprouting species for which crown seed store was quantified had much higher fecundity in restored sites.Conclusions: Fires reduced resprouter persistence in restored sites owing to poor development/insufficient size of lignotubers. Further management after fires is required, including application of resprouter seeds/seedlings on restored topsoil, transplanting adult resprouters (where viable) from natural areas ahead of the mining front. Low intensity/patchy fires are recommended on long unburnt sites. Resprouter survival would have likely been much greater in the first place if a deeper sandy soil profile was rehabilitated, thereby providing a more suitable medium for lignotuber development.
Vertical distribution of Hymenophyllaceae species among host tree microhabitats in a temperate rain forest in Southern Chile
Authors: Parra Maria J. , Acuña Karina , Corcuera Luís J. , Saldaña Alfredo 
Published: June 2009

AbstractQuestion: Are differences in microhabitat preferences of co‐occurring epiphytic Hymenophyllaceae species (filmy ferns) correlated with differences in ecophysiological responses to light availability and humidity in the host tree?Location: The Andean foothills in south‐central Chile.Methods: We evaluated the distribution pattern of nine filmy fern species in microhabitats that differ in light availability and humidity in four host tree species. A DCA was developed to assess Hymenophyllaceae species microhabitat preference in terms of canopy openness (CO) and relative humidity. We assessed whether differences in chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic capacity (Amax), evapotranspiration (E) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) are consistent with any pattern.Results: CO and relative humidity differed significantly with height in the host trees. While CO increased with height in a host tree, relative humidity decreased. DCA analysis showed that filmy fern species distribution within and among trees was mainly explained by the relative humidity of the microhabitat. Chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, Amax and E differed significantly among filmy fern species. Amax and E were correlated with axis 1 scores from the DCA analysis.Conclusions: The vertical distribution and abundance of filmy fern species in Chilean temperate rain forest seems to be closely related to the different microhabitats offered by host trees. This pattern may reflect interspecific differences in ecophysiological traits related both to light availability and humidity. Our results suggest that humidity is the main environmental factor driving functional responses and habitat preferences of these filmy fern species.