bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical device‐related article evaluation of morphology and functions of a foldable capsular vitreous body in the rabbit eye
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Gao Qianying , Liu Yaqin , Ge Jian , Cao Xianwu , Luo Yan , Huang Danping , Zhou Gege , Lin Shaofen , Lin Jianxian , To Chi Ho , Siu Andrew W. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractWe previously proposed a new strategy to replace a vitreous body with a novel foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB). In this study, the FCVB was designed to mimic natural vitreous morphology, and evaluate its physiological functions compared with traditional silicone oil substitutes, in an established rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We found that FCVB was a very good replacement for closely mimicking the morphology and restoring the physiological functions, such as the support, refraction, and cellular barriers, of the rabbit vitreous body. The study has provided us with a novel research and therapy strategy that could effectively mimic the morphology and physiological function of the rabbit vitreous body. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Effect of electrical polarization and composition of biphasic calcium phosphates on early stage osteoblast interactions
Authors: Tarafder Solaiman , Bodhak Subhadip , Bandyopadhyay Amit , Bose Susmita 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn spite of having excellent biocompatibility and osteogenic property of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), concerns have been raised regarding their degradation kinetics. Complete in vivo degradation of HAp takes years because of its slow degradation rate, and fast degradation rate of β‐TCP limits its application. Biphasic calcium phosphates (BCPs) composed of both HAp and β‐TCP have controlled degradation to some extent. Here, we have prepared three different BCPs composed of β‐TCP and HAp. These BCP composites are successfully electrically polarized to generate surfaces with positive (P‐poled) and negative (N‐poled) charges. Thermally stimulated depolarized current measurement (TSDC) exhibits increased stored charge density with the increase in HAp percentage in the composites. Our study focuses on understanding the effect of composition variation as well as electrical polarization of these composites on early stage osteoblast‐cell adhesion, proliferation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation capability. No matter what the composition is, N‐poled (Negatively poled) surfaces show early stage osteoblast‐cell adhesion, proliferation, and ECM formation when compared with U‐poled (unpoled) and P‐poled (positively poled) surfaces. Irrespective of the surface charge, an improved cell‐material interactions are observed as the percentage of HAp content in the composites is increased. These electrically polarized BCP composites can have potential use in the area of orthopedics and dentistry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Early interactions between leukocytes and three different potentially bioactive titanium surface modifications
Authors: Arvidsson Anna , Malmberg Per , Kjellin Per , Currie Fredrik , Arvidsson Martin , Franke Stenport Victoria 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare the early interactions between leukocytes and three different surface modifications, suggested as bioactive. Blasted titanium discs were modified by alkali and heat treatment, sodium fluoride treatment, or hydroxyapatite coating. A number of these discs were also immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for a week, a treatment which yielded high levels of calcium and phosphate on each surface type. The specimens were exposed for human venous blood for 32 minutes and the respiratory burst response was measured in terms of reactive oxygen species with a luminometer, and coverage of viable cells with a fluorescence microscope after staining steps. The topography, morphology, and chemistry of the surfaces were evaluated with optical interferometry and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM/EDX). A high respiratory burst response was found for HA coated titanium in comparison with the other surface groups (p < 0.0005). The SBF immersion resulted in an increased respiratory burst response (p < 0.0005) and removed statistically significant differences between the surface groups. Thus, the results in the present study indicate that different titanium surface modifications influence the early inflammatory response differently, and that calcium phosphate compounds increase the inflammatory response. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2011.
Hyperglycemia induces apoptosis via CB1 activation through the decrease of FAAH 1 in retianl pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Lim Seul Ki , Park Min Jung , Lim Jae Cheong , Kim Jong Choon , Han Ho Jae , Kim Gye‐Yeop , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Woo Chang Hoon , Ma Seung Jin , Yoon Kyung Cheol , Park Soo Hyun 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the main endocannabinoid, anandamide, and related fatty acid amides, has emerged as a regulator of endocannabinoid signaling. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are believed to be important cells in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. However, the pathophysiology of FAAH in diabetic retinopathy has not been determined. Thus, we examined the effect of high glucose (HG) on the expression of FAAH and CB1R in the ARPE‐19 human RPE cells. We found that HG downregulated the expression of FAAH 1 mRNA and protein in ARPE‐19 cells. In contrast, it upregulated the expression of CB1R mRNA and protein. HG‐induced internalization of CB1R in HEK 293 cells and ARPE‐19 cells was blocked by overexpression of FAAH 1 and treatment with the CB1R blocker, AM 251. HG‐induced generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxide formation were blocked by the overexpression of FAAH 1. FAAH 1 overexpression also blocked HG‐induced expression of CB1R in the cytosolic fraction. We also investigated whether the overexpression of FAAH 1 protected against HG‐induced apoptosis. High glucose increased the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio and levels of cleaved PARP, cleaved caspase‐9 and caspase‐3, and reduced cell viability. HG‐induced apoptotic effects were reduced by the overexpression of FAAH 1, treatment with the CB1R‐specific antagonist AM 251 and CB1R siRNA transfection. In conclusion, HG‐induced apoptosis in ARPE‐19 cells by inducing CB1R expression through the downregulation of FAAH 1 expression. Our results provide evidence that CB1R blockade through the recovery of FAAH 1 expression may be a potential anti‐diabetic therapy for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 569–577, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cross species fertilization and development investigated by cat sperm injection into mouse oocytes
Authors: Xu Yong‐Nan , Cui Xiang‐Shun , Sun Shao‐Chen , Jin Yong‐Xun , Kim Nam‐Hyung 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in model animals is a powerful approach for the study of species‐specific fertilization processes and multiploidy embryogenesis. In this study, we examined the fertilization process in mouse oocytes following injection of a single mouse or cat sperm, two mouse spermatozoa or mouse and cat spermatozoa. These treatments did not affect histone H3K9 acetylation or methylation, although the pattern of DNA methylation differed following the injection of cat sperm. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that sperm chromatin was normally incorporated with female mouse chromatin following any of the four injection scenarios. Furthermore, metaphase was successfully entered to reach a normal two‐cell stage, and cell division could even persist to produce blastocyst stage embryos. In addition, both mouse and catPou5landNanogmRNA were expressed in the hybrid embryos. These results suggest that, although epigenetic modification of DNA is affected by the sperm injection treatment, fertilization and cleavage occur in a non‐species‐specific manner. In addition, despite abnormal division of the chromosomes, intra‐ and inter‐species ICSI produced embryos that could develop into blastocysts.J. Exp. Zool. 315:349–357, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
State‐business relations and pro‐poor growth in South Africa
Authors: Seekings Jeremy , Nattrass Nicoli 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBy comparison with most African countries, post‐apartheid South Africa appears to be characterised by growth‐oriented cooperation between state and business. Economic growth has remained weak, however, and income poverty persists as the economy continues down an inegalitarian growth path that fails to reduce unemployment and thus has little effect on poverty. This paper argues that the appearance of close state‐business relations is misleading: selectively pro‐market public policies have not reflected a pro‐business orientation on the part of the state. The governing African National Congress concurred with established business on the need for increased productivity and selective state interventions in a mixed economy. But most of the political elite overestimated the commandist powers of the state in the short‐term, viewed established South African business with deep suspicion if not hostility, and was unwilling to deliberate or negotiate on distributional issues in either formal bilateral or corporatist institutions, or even informally. The state sought to discipline and transform business, not work with it. Unable to sustain an active growth coalition, a pro‐poor, developmental coalition was far out of reach. The politics of the governing party precluded substantive concessions on labour market regulation and pushed it towards ever more interventionist ‘black economic empowerment’ policies. The result was that economic growth remained modest, and of little benefit to the poor. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How interest groups lobby to influence budget outcomes in Zambia
Authors: Bwalya Samuel M. , Phiri Ezekiel , Mpembamoto Kelvin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis paper examines the nature of state–business relations and how interest groups utilise the budget process to lobby for tax and expenditure policies in Zambia, using information compiled from budget proposals interest groups submit towards the budget and lobbying activity data published in the daily newspapers between 2006 and 2008. The data shows a significant increase in interest groups formed especially in the civil society segmented and improvements in state–business relations, although not formalised and institutionalised, since political liberalisation in 1991. Analysis of lobbying data indicates that interest groups utilise the formal budget processes and informal policy networks such as the media to lobby unilaterally and collectively for favourable tax and expenditure policies. Tax proposals submitted through government departments had a greater chance of being adopted in the budget as bureaucrats assisted to shepherd them through the budget process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of [2H5]‐ebastine fumarate and [2H5]‐hydroxyebastine
Authors: Yu Zhoujie , Wang Wei , Chen Liqin 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThis study describes the synthesis of deuterium‐labelled ebastine fumarate and its deuterium‐labelled metabolite hydroxyebastine. The synthesis of the two desired compounds both used [2H5]‐bromodiphenylmethane as deuterium‐labelled reagent, which was synthesized beforehand in three steps. [2H5]‐ebastine was synthesized in further three steps with a 27% overall yield and [2H5]‐hydroxyebastine was synthesized in further seven steps with a 13% overall yield. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electron‐bombardment matrix isolation and PEPICO studies as complementary techniques in ion chemistry: an FTIR study of the decomposition of the vinyl fluoride cation
Authors: Thompson Matthew G. K. , Linford Bryan D. , Parnis J. Mark 
Published: March 2011

AbstractFTIR spectra have been obtained for matrices formed following electron bombardment of gas mixtures containing varying amounts of vinyl fluoride (VF) in Ar (1:400 to 1:25 600; VF/Ar). The major matrix‐isolated products are a π‐complex of HF/C2H2, fluoroacetylene (HC≡CF) and two isomers of C2H2F•. These products correspond well with the products of photoionization of VF near 15.8 eV. These observations support the dominant mechanism of ionization in the EB‐MI environment as charge transfer of the substrate molecule to Ar•+. Some differences are noted between the observed EB‐MI products and the results from PEPICO studies, primarily in that the EB‐MI products are observed as neutralized forms. The close correlation in EB‐MI and photoionization results allows the EB‐MI technique to be utilized as an ion structural analysis tool in complement to PEPICO studies, and allows the use of PEPICO studies to help predict and elucidate high‐pressure chemistry mechanisms through EB‐MI studies. The differences in the EB‐MI results and ions observed using the PEPICO technique are rationalized in terms of the differences in the experimental techniques. Using VF as the test system, reagent partial pressure conditions that best complement PEPICO studies are determined. Although the major results are observed for all VF partial pressures, dilute samples give rise to further ionization of the primary products, and more concentrated samples give rise to radical—radical reaction chemistry. As a result, a nominal range of 1:3200 (VF/Ar) is demonstrated to provide the best correlation with the gas‐phase PEPICO measurements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio quantum chemical study on the mechanism of exceptional behavior of lysine for ion yields in MALDI—role of vibrational entropic contribution in thermally averaged proton affinities
Authors: Hatakeyama Makoto , Tachikawa Masanori 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTo elucidate the mechanism of the exceptional behavior of lysine for the ionization (protonation) yields in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) observed by Nishikaze and Takayama [Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 20, 376], the temperature dependences of proton affinity (PA) and gas phase basicity for 20 amino acids are theoretically analyzed with correlated ab initio molecular orbital method under ideal gas condition. We have found that two different conformations, the linear structure with elongation of the side chain and the folded one having intramolecular hydrogen bonding, play important roles for the exceptional behavior of lysine. At low temperatures of around 298 K, the most stable conformation of the protonated lysine is the folded structure due to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Meanwhile, at high temperatures, the Gibbs free energy of linear structure of protonated lysine becomes lower than that of the folded one because of the increment of vibrational entropic contribution. To explicitly take account of the contribution of the free energies, we have proposed the effective PA values thermally averaged using the ratio of Boltzmann distributions for two conformations. Since the effective PA value for lysine drastically decreases as the temperature increases above 1000 K, the linear correlation is clearly obtained between our effective PA values at high temperature and the ion yields in MALDI. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of APPI, APCI and ESI for the LC‐MS/MS analysis of bezafibrate, cyclophosphamide, enalapril, methotrexate and orlistat in municipal wastewater
Authors: Garcia‐Ac Araceli , Segura Pedro A. , Viglino Liza , Gagnon Christian , Sauvé Sébastien 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe applicability of three different ionization techniques: atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) was tested for the liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis of five target pharmaceuticals (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, bezafibrate, enalapril and orlistat) in wastewater samples. Performance was compared both by flow injection analysis (FIA) and on‐column analysis in deionized water and wastewater samples. A column switching technique for the on‐line extraction and analysis of water samples was used. For both FIA and on‐column analysis, signal intensity and signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio of the target analytes in the three sources were studied. Limits of detection and matrix effects during the analysis of wastewater samples were also investigated. ESI generated significantly larger peak areas and higher S/N ratios than APCI and APPI in FIA and in on‐column analysis. ESI was proved to be the most suitable ionization method as it enabled the detection of the five target compounds, whereas APCI and APPI ionized only four compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MALDI‐TOF and MALDI‐FTICR imaging mass spectrometry of methamphetamine incorporated into hair
Authors: Miki Akihiro , Katagi Munehiro , Kamata Tooru , Zaitsu Kei , Tatsuno Michiaki , Nakanishi Toyofumi , Tsuchihashi Hitoshi , Takubo Takayuki , Suzuki Koichi 
Published: March 2011

AbstractA new approach is described for imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) of methamphetamine (MA) incorporated into human hair using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‐time‐of‐flight (TOF) and MALDI‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR). A longitudinal section of a lengthwise manually‐cut single human hair shaft from a chronic MA user was directly analyzed by MALDI‐TOF‐IMS after deposited with α‐Cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid matrix. A barcode‐like image, which was most probably generated with repeated intakes of MA, was for the first time obtained by monitoring MA‐specific product ion in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Laser beam scan lengthwise‐cut hair shafts gave only poor mass spectra of MA, probably due to the loss of MA and/or the thermal denaturation of hair. The identity of MA detected in hair was further confirmed by MALDI‐FTICR mass spectrometry. A combination with ultra‐high resolution mass spectrometry by FTICR provided indisputable identification of MA. The MALDI‐FTICR‐IMS of another hair shaft from the same MA user also provided a barcode‐like image by monitoring the protonated molecule of MA with ultra‐high resolution. The two barcode‐like images exhibited a close resemblance. Thus, MALDI‐IMS can offer a new perspective: ‘imaging hair analyses for drugs’. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric characterization of isomeric terpenoic acids from the oxidation of α‐pinene, β‐pinene, d‐limonene, and Δ3‐carene in fine forest aerosol
Authors: Yasmeen Farhat , Szmigielski Rafal , Vermeylen Reinhilde , Gómez‐González Yadian , Surratt Jason D. , Chan Arthur W. H. , Seinfeld John H. , Maenhaut Willy , Claeys Magda 
Published: March 2011

AbstractIn this study, we present liquid chromatographic and mass spectral data for predominant terpenoic acids formed through oxidation of α‐pinene, β‐pinene, d‐limonene, and Δ3‐carene that occur in fine forest aerosol from K‐puszta, Hungary, a rural site with coniferous vegetation. Characterization of these secondary organic aerosol tracers in fine ambient aerosol is important because it allows one to gain information on monoterpene precursors and source processes such as oxidation and aging processes. The mass spectral data were obtained using electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode, accurate mass measurements, and linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometric experiments. Emphasis is given to the mass spectrometric differentiation of isobaric terpenoic acids, such as, e.g. the molecular weight (MW) 186 terpenoic acids, cis‐pinic, cis‐caric, homoterpenylic, ketolimononic, and limonic acids. Other targeted isobaric terpenoic acids are the MW 184 terpenoic acids, cis‐pinonic and cis‐caronic acids, and the MW 204 tricarboxylic acids, 3‐methyl‐1,2,3‐butanetricarboxylic and 3‐carboxyheptanedioic acids. Fragmentation pathways are proposed to provide a rational explanation for the observed isomeric differences and/or to support the suggested tentative structures. For the completeness of the data set, data obtained for recently reported lactone‐containing terpenoic acids (i.e. terpenylic and terebic acids), related or isobaric compounds (i.e. norpinic acid, diaterpenylic acid acetate, and unknown MW 188 compounds) are also included, the rationale being that other groups working on this topic could use this data compilation as a reference. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements and attenuation of erythemal radiation in Central Spain
Authors: Miguel A. , Bilbao J. , Román R. , Mateos D. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBiologically active ultraviolet (UVER, 280–400 nm) and global (300–3000 nm) solar irradiances have been recorded and analysed in a rural area in Valladolid (Spain) for a period of 49 months between June 2002 and December 2008. UVER daily measurements follow the pattern of the solar elevation angle and maximum hourly average irradiances occur in July, 0.20 Wm−2 and minimum, 0.03 Wm−2, in December at noon; the total accumulated UVER along a year reaches 1470 kJm−2. The temporal evolution of the erythemal ultraviolet radiation and its distribution under different sky conditions have been studied, being 25% clear, 57% partly cloudy and 18% overcast days. The most representative statistical characteristics of the hourly and daily UVER data have been evaluated for different sky conditions and the fundamental indices show symmetry with respect to solar noon. Maximum values may be considered as representative of the UVER characteristics in the area, whereas the minimum values are not significant, mainly during summertime. The UVER records show quite stable values in the analysed period, particularly along the months of July. The isoline‐set of the first four moment distribution of the hourly UVER values has been plotted and the relative gradients are shown. The results are compared with the values obtained in other stations. The UVER cloud attenuation through the atmosphere shows that the transmitted percentage increases from winter to summer and a maximum value of 10% was achieved in July and a minimum of 30% in winter and spring. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Tropical systems from the southwest Indian Ocean making landfall over the Limpopo River Basin, southern Africa: a historical perspective
Authors: Malherbe J. , Engelbrecht F.A. , Landman W.A. , Engelbrecht C.J. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe study provides perspective on the contribution of landfalling tropical systems (cyclones, depressions, storms and lows) from the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) towards rainfall over the eastern interior of southern Africa, over the period 1948–2008. Although these systems contribute to < 10% of the annual rainfall occurring over the region, their relative contribution to local and widespread heavy rainfall events is shown to be highly significant. About 50% of widespread heavy rainfall events over northeastern South Africa are caused by landfalling tropical systems. Fourier analysis performed on the time series of rainfall occurring over northeastern South Africa in association with these systems reveals the existence of a quasi‐18‐year cycle. The cycle coincides with the well‐known quasi‐18‐year Dyer–Tyson cycle in rainfall over the summer rainfall region of South Africa. These results suggest that atmospheric and surface conditions leading to wet phases of the Dyer–Tyson cycle also favour the landfall and subsequent westward movement of tropical systems from the SWIO over southern Africa—and their eventual contribution to rainfall over northeastern South Africa and southern Zimbabwe. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society