bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional role of human NK cell receptor 2B4 (CD244) isoforms
Authors: Mathew Stephen O. , Rao Krithi K. , Kim Jong R. , Bambard Nowland D. , Mathew Porunelloor A. 
Published: June 2009

Abstract2B4 (CD244), a member of the signaling lymphocyte‐activation molecule (SLAM/CD150), is expressed on all NK cells, a subpopulation of T cells, monocytes and basophils. Human NK cells express two isoforms of 2B4, h2B4‐A and h2B4‐B that differ in a small portion of the extracellular domain. In the present investigation, we have studied the functions of h2B4‐A and h2B4‐B. Our study demonstrated that these two isoforms differ in their binding affinity for CD48, which results in differential cytotoxic activity as well as intracellular calcium release by NK cells upon target cell recognition. Analysis of the predicted 3‐D structure of the two isoforms showed conformational differences that could account for their differences in binding affinity to CD48. h2B4‐A was able to mediate natural cytotoxicity against CD48‐expressing K562 target cells and induce intracellular calcium release, whereas h2B4‐B showed no effects. NK‐92MI, U937, THP‐1, KU812, primary monocytes, basophils and NK cells showed expression of both h2B4‐A and h2B4‐B whereas YT and IL‐2‐activated NK cells did not show any h2B4‐B expression. Stimulation of NK cells through 2B4 resulted in decreased mRNA levels of both h2B4‐A and h2B4‐B indicating that down‐regulation of 2B4 isoforms may be an important factor in controlling NK cell activation during immune responses.
Neuropilin‐1 is not a marker of human Foxp3+ Treg
Authors: Milpied Pierre , Renand Amédée , Bruneau Julie , Mendes‐Da‐Cruz Daniella A. , Jacquelin Sébastien , Asnafi Vahid , Rubio Marie‐Thérèse , MacIntyre Elizabeth , Lepelletier Yves , Hermine Olivier 
Published: June 2009

AbstractTreg are immune cells that play a critical role in the regulation of the immune response. Although the transcription factor Foxp3 is widely accepted as the standard marker of Treg, specific surface markers are needed to better characterize these cells and decipher their mechanisms of action. Neuropilin‐1 (Nrp‐1), a membrane protein primarily involved in the nervous system, was identified as a specific marker of murine Treg, but its expression has not been rigorously investigated in human Treg. Here we show that in contrast to murine Treg and regardless of their origins (blood, thymus, spleen, lymph node or tonsil), human Foxp3+ Treg do not specifically express Nrp‐1. However, a population of Foxp3− Nrp‐1+ T cells can be detected in human secondary lymphoid organs, and Nrp‐1 expression is induced on peripheral blood T lymphocytes upon in vitro activation. We conclude that Nrp‐1 cannot be used as a specific marker of human Treg, but might represent a novel activation marker of human T cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Origins and functional basis of regulatory CD11c+CD8+ T cells
Authors: Vinay Dass S. , Kim Chang H. , Choi Beom K. , Kwon Byoung S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractPreviously, we showed that CD11c defines a novel subset of CD8+ T cells whose in vivo activity is therapeutic for arthritis; however, the mechanisms directing their development, identity of their precursors, and basis of their effector function remain unknown. Here, we show that the novel subset develops from CD11csurface−CD8+ T cells and undergoes robust expansion in an antigen‐ and 4‐1BB (CD137)‐dependent manner. CD11c+CD8+ T cells exist in naïve mice (<3%) with limited suppressive activity. Once activated, they suppress CD4+ T cells in vivo and in vitro. Suppression of CD4+ by CD11c+CD8+ T cells is related to an increase in IDO activity induced in competent cells via the general control non‐derepressible‐2 pathway. CD11c+CD8+ T cells are refractory to the effect of IDO but constrict in a novel 1‐methyl D,L‐tryptophan‐dependent mechanism resulting in reversal of their suppressive effects. Thus, our data uncover, for the first time, the origin, development, and basis of the suppressive function of this novel CD11c+CD8+ T‐cell subpopulation that has many signature features of Treg.
DARC on RBC limits lung injury by balancing compartmental distribution of CXC chemokines
Authors: Reutershan Jörg , Harry Brian , Chang Daniel , Bagby Gregory J. , Ley Klaus 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) has a high affinity for CC and CXC chemokines. However, it lacks the ability to induce cell responses that are typical for classical chemokine receptors. The role of DARC in inflammatory conditions remains to be elucidated. We studied the role of DARC in a murine model of acute lung injury. We found that in Darc‐gene‐deficient (Darc−/−) mice, LPS‐induced PMN migration into the alveolar space was elevated more than twofold. In contrast, PMN adhesion to endothelial cells and within the interstitial space was reduced in Darc−/− mice. Darc−/− mice also exhibited increased microvascular permeability. Elevated PMN migration in Darc−/− mice was associated with increased concentrations of two essential CXCR2 ligands, CXCL1 and CXCL2/3 in the alveolar space. In the blood, CXCL1 was mostly associated with RBC in WT mice and with plasma in Darc−/− mice. We found that DARC on RBC prevented excessive PMN migration into the alveolar space. In contrast, DARC on non‐hematopoietic cells appeared to have only minor effects on leukocyte trafficking in this model. These findings show how DARC regulates lung inflammation by controlling the distribution and presentation of chemokines that bind CXCR2.
Peptide mimics of two pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotypes (6B and 9V) protect mice from a lethal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Smith Claire M. , Passo Carla Lo , Scuderi Angela , Kolberg Jan , Baxendale Helen , Goldblatt David , Oggioni Marco R. , Felici Franco , Andrew Peter W. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractAnti‐polysaccharide immunity is a key facet of protection against several bacterial pathogens. Problems exist with current polysaccharide vaccines and alternative strategies that deliver a protective response are needed. We have identified immunological peptide mimics of type 6B and 9V pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides that could be used as vaccine antigens. Peptides mimicking antigenic properties of serotype 6B capsular polysaccharide were obtained from a phage‐displayed peptide library expressing dodecameric peptides, using a human monoclonal antibody (Db3G9). A murine monoclonal antibody (206, F‐5) against the serotype 9V capsular polysaccharide identified three peptide mimotopes from the dodecameric peptide library and one from a random pentadecameric peptide library. In ELISA, binding of 206, F‐5 and Db3G9 to phage displaying the selected mimotopes was significantly inhibited by type‐specific pneumococcal polysaccharide. Peptides were conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin and were used to immunise mice. Two peptides, MP13 and MP7, induced specific anti‐6B and 9V polysaccharide antibodies, respectively. Mice immunised with MP7‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin or MP13‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate were significantly and specifically protected against a lethal challenge with pneumococci of the appropriate serotype. This study provides strong in vivo evidence that peptide mimics are alternatives to polysaccharide vaccines.
CCR6 regulates EAE pathogenesis by controlling regulatory CD4+ T‐cell recruitment to target tissues
Authors: Villares Ricardo , Cadenas Vanessa , Lozano María , Almonacid Luis , Zaballos Angel , Martínez‐A Carlos , Varona Rosa 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe T‐cell subsets, characterized by their cytokine production profiles and immune regulatory functions, depend on correct in vivo location to interact with accessory or target cells for effective immune responses. Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into effectors is accompanied by sequentially regulated expression of the chemokine receptors responsible for cell recruitment to specific tissues. We studied CCR6 function in EAE, a CD4+ T‐cell‐mediated CNS disease characterized by mononuclear infiltration and demyelination. CCR6−/− mice showed an altered time course of EAE development, with delayed onset, a higher clinical score, and more persistent symptoms than in controls. An imbalanced cytokine profile and reduced Foxp3+ cell frequency characterized CNS tissues from CCR6−/− compared with CCR6+/+ mice during the disease effector phase. Transfer of CCR6+/+ Treg to CCR6−/− mice the day before EAE induction reduced the clinical score associated with an increased in infiltrating Foxp3+ cells and recovery of the cytokine balance in CCR6−/− mouse CNS. Competitive assays between CCR6+/+ and CCR6−/− Treg adoptively transferred to CCR6−/− mice showed impaired ability of CCR6−/− Treg to infiltrate CNS tissues in EAE‐affected mice. Our data indicate a CCR6 requirement by CD4+ Treg to downregulate the CNS inflammatory process and neurological signs associated with EAE.
B7‐H1 and CD8+ Treg: The enigmatic role of B7‐H1 in peripheral tolerance
Authors: Waisman Ari , Yogev Nir 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe interaction between B7‐H1 (PD‐L1) expressed on APC with PD‐1 expressed by T cells was shown previously to result in inhibition of T‐cell activation and autoimmune diseases. A paper in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology demonstrates that DC B7‐H1 expression can in fact enhance autoimmunity, rather than suppress it. Using a model of direct injection of self antigen‐loaded DC into the CNS, the authors demonstrate that DC with intact B7‐H1 expression exacerbate CNS autoimmune disease. Importantly, the improved disease outcome in animals treated with B7‐H1−/− DC is a result of a population of CD8+ Treg cells that expand at the site of autoimmune inflammation.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 6/09
Authors: Serre Karine , Mohr Elodie , Toellner Kai‐Michael , Cunningham Adam F. , Bird Roger , Khan Mahmood , MacLennan Ian C. M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cover image depicts immunofluorescence histology of OT‐II cells within the popliteal draining lymph nodes. The image was taken from the article by Serre et al. (pp.1573–1586), in which the authors assess the complexity of Th2 responses in vivo. The authors show that early central‐memory‐like cells induced by immunization re‐enter the cell cycle and migrate to B‐cell follicles, where the induction and survival of memory cells are independent of the starting frequency of antigen‐specific CD4+ T cells.
Functionalized Tetrazoles from Cyanogen Azide with Secondary Amines
Authors: Joo Young‐Hyuk , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractSecondary amines react with cyanogen azide at ambient temperature in water/acetonitrile to provide tetrazole derivatives directly. The scope and limitations with regard to steric hindrance of the amine are discussed. Although reaction yields are moderate, 29–81 %, the cyanogen azide reactions provide a direct and versatile route to functionalized tetrazoles that may be especially useful considering the diversity of amines suitable for this transformation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Molecular Designs and Syntheses of Organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 18/2009)
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Harima Yutaka 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on organic dyes adsorbed on a nanocrystalline TiO2 electrode. DSSCs have received considerable attention because of their high incident solar‐light‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency and low cost of production. To create high‐performance DSSCs, it is necessary to design and synthesize new and efficient organic dye photosensitizers with effective chromophores and substituents for the performance of DSSCs, which will be made possible by the exquisite molecular design and synthetic strategy of organic chemists. The background shows the architecture of the Department of Engineering, Hiroshima University, which is associated with the arrangement of organic dyes adsorbed on TiO2 electrodes. The designs and synthesis of organic dyes for DSSCs are presented in the Microreview by Y. Ooyama and Y. Harima on p. 2903 ff.
Inventory of shipping emissions in Izmit Gulf, Turkey
Authors: Kiliç Alper , Deniz Cengiz 
Published: June 2009

AbstractShips are significant emissions sources in transportation sector. The environmental effects of shipping emissions become more serious because of insufficient international rules and inspections. Especially in inland waters, canals, straits, gulfs, and port areas emissions effects on environment and health are more important. Izmit Gulf is the major industrial, transport, and inland water region which is affected from shipping emissions with 37 ports and industrial plants. In this study, NOx, SO2, CO2, HC, and PM emission amounts from 11,645 ships called to Izmit Gulf in 2005. These emissions are classified according to ships operation modes and ship types. Annual shipping emissions are estimated as 5,356 t yr−1 for NOx, 4,305 t yr−1 for SO2, 254,261 t yr−1 for CO2, 232 t yr−1 for HC and 487 t yr−1 for PM. To determine the most probably effected regions in the gulf, the spatial distribution of NOx emissions within the Gulf region has been prepared in 1 × 1 Nm2 (Nautical miles) grid cells based on ship movement data along the various routes. Ships in Izmit Gulf contribute to urban pollution with sulfur dioxide significantly. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Metallic particle dynamics in a single phase gas insulated busduct with coated electrodes under lightning impulse superimposed on power frequency voltage
Authors: Kumar Gundavarapu Venkata Nagesh , Amarnath Jinka 
Published: June 2009

AbstractConducting particles in transmission and switching equipment insulated by compressed sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) can result in loss of as much as 90% of the gas dielectric strength. These particles may be free to move in the electric field or may be fixed on the conductors, thus enhancing local surface fields. In a horizontal coaxial system with particles resting on the inside surface of the enclosure, the motion of such particles is random. The power industry has utilized several methods to control and minimize the effect of particle contamination in GIS. One such technique is to apply a dielectric coating to the inside surface of the outer GIS enclosure. The electric field necessary to lift a particle resting on the inside surface of a GIS enclosure is much increased due to the coating. Transient over voltages due to lightning and switching surges cause steep build‐up of voltage on transmission lines and other electrical apparatus, therefore it is necessary for the GIS also to withstand such voltages without breakdown of insulation. Lightning impulse voltage of 1050 kV is superimposed on power frequency voltages of 75 kV, 100 kV, 132 kV and 145 kV are applied to 1‐Phase Gas Insulated Bus (1‐Phase GIB) and the maximum movement of aluminum, copper, and silver particles is determined. The movement patterns are also determined with and without Monte‐Carlo simulation for movement of particle in axial and radial directions. The results are presented and analyzed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis on water treeing deterioration of XLPE cable insulation using combination of FEM and Taguchi method
Authors: Kim Chonung , Duan Jingkuan , Huang Xingyi , Kim Soknam , Jiang Pingkai , Kim Hyeil , Hyon Sungil 
Published: June 2009

AbstractWater treeing is one of the main deterioration phenomena affecting the service lifetime of the underground crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) power cables. Factors influencing the water tree growth can be classified in two major groups, namely, the external factors (operational factors) and the internal factors (material factors). The influences of the external factors on the number and the growth rates of water trees have fully understood through the long‐term research around the world for the past four decades. However, the effects of the internal factors have been not so much investigated as those of the external ones. Especially, it has been hardly discussed which among the probable internal factors is the most influential to the water treeing phenomena until now. In this paper, the authors have investigated the contributions of individual factors influential to the electric field distribution in the tip of the water tree initiated from the outer surface of XLPE cable insulation considering its thermal degradation, using both the finite element method (FEM) and Taguchi design of experiment methodology (Taguchi method). The numerical and water treeing experiments show that the dielectric properties of the water tree and the XLPE host material are more influential to the enhancement of the electric field intensity in the tree tip than its geometrical parameters, and that the permittivity distribution inside the tree is the most influential factor among all of the internal factors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of frequency and soil permeability on the magnetic field due to underground power cables
Authors: Marchante P. , Machado V. Maló , Almeida M. E. , das Neves M. Guerreiro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThere has been a great controversy about the possible connection between magnetic field and human health over the past few years.Electric and magnetic fields exist due to the presence of electric devices, in general, and in particular, of any power system, in generation, transmission or distribution lines or cables. In this paper special attention is given to the magnetic field created by underground power cables. Results for different values of frequency and soil magnetic permeability are presented giving importance to both effects acting together. It will be also analysed the influence of the sheath grounding for soils having different values of permeability in magnetic field distribution. The model formulation and assumptions are described in a previous work on where this paper is based on. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing homogeneity of Japanese CPI forecasters
Authors: Ashiya Masahiro 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates whether some forecasters consistently outperform others using Japanese CPI forecast data of 42 forecasters over the past 18 quarters. It finds that the accuracy rankings of 0, 1, 2, and 5‐month forecasts are significantly different from those that might be expected when all forecasters had equal forecasting ability. Moreover, their rankings of the relative forecast levels are also significantly different from a random one. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel stereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐α‐arylsulfanyl‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones via Stille coupling of (E)‐α‐arylsulfanylvinylstannanes with acyl halides
Authors: Yao Fang , You Shengyong , Cai Mingzhong 
Published: June 2009

Abstract(E)‐α‐Arylsulfanylvinylstannanes react with acyl halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(PPh3)4 and CuI cocatalyst to give stereoselectively the corresponding (Z)‐α‐arylsulfanyl‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones in good yields. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:218–223, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20536
Medial temporal lobe activity during complex discrimination of faces, objects, and scenes: Effects of viewpoint
Authors: Barense Morgan D. , Henson Richard N.A. , Lee Andy C.H. , Graham Kim S. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractThe medial temporal lobe (MTL), a set of heavily interconnected structures including the hippocampus and underlying entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex, is traditionally believed to be part of a unitary system dedicated to declarative memory. Recent studies, however, demonstrated perceptual impairments in amnesic individuals with MTL damage, with hippocampal lesions causing scene discrimination deficits, and perirhinal lesions causing object and face discrimination deficits. The degree of impairment on these tasks was influenced by the need to process complex conjunctions of features: discriminations requiring the integration of multiple visual features caused deficits, whereas discriminations that could be solved on the basis of a single feature did not. Here, we address these issues with functional neuroimaging in healthy participants as they performed a version of the oddity discrimination task used previously in patients. Three different types of stimuli (faces, scenes, novel objects) were presented from either identical or different viewpoints. Consistent with studies in patients, we observed increased perirhinal activity when participants distinguished between faces and objects presented from different, compared to identical, viewpoints. The posterior hippocampus, by contrast, showed an effect of viewpoint for both faces and scenes. These findings provide convergent evidence that the MTL is involved in processes beyond long‐term declarative memory and suggest a critical role for these structures in integrating complex features of faces, objects, and scenes into view‐invariant, abstract representations. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wheel running and environmental enrichment differentially modify exon‐specific BDNF expression in the hippocampus of wild‐type and pre‐motor symptomatic male and female Huntington's disease mice
Authors: Zajac M.S. , Pang T.Y.C. , Wong N. , Weinrich B. , Leang L.S.K. , Craig J.M. , Saffery R. , Hannan A.J. 
Published: June 2009

AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an essential neurotrophin and regulation of its expression is complex due to multiple 5′ untranslated exons which are separately spliced to a common coding exon to form unique mRNA transcripts. Disruption of BDNF gene expression is a key to the development of symptoms in Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative condition. Abnormal epigenetic modifications are associated with reduced gene expression in late‐stage HD but such regulation of BDNF gene expression has yet to be investigated. We hypothesized that BDNF gene expression is altered in the HD hippocampus of pre‐motor symptomatic R6/1 transgenic HD mice, correlating with a change in the DNA methylation profile. The effects of wheel‐running and environmental enrichment on wild‐type mice, in association with a proposed environment‐mediated correction of BDNF gene expression deficits in HD mice, were also investigated. Using real‐time PCR, levels of total BDNF mRNA were found to be reduced in the hippocampus of both male and female HD mice. Wheel‐running significantly increased total BDNF gene expression in all groups of mice except male HD mice. In contrast, environmental enrichment significantly increased expression only in male wild‐type animals. Further quantification of BDNF exon‐specific transcripts revealed sex‐specific changes in relation to the effect of the HD mutation and differential effects on gene expression by wheel‐running and environmental enrichment. The HD‐associated reduction of BDNF gene expression was not due to increased methylation of the gene sequence. Furthermore, environment‐induced changes in BDNF gene expression in the wild‐type hippocampus were independent of the extent of DNA methylation. Overall, the results of this study provide new insight into the role of BDNF in HD pathogenesis in addition to the mechanisms regulating normal BDNF gene expression. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.