bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐to‐patient variation of susceptibility‐induced B0 field in bilateral breast MRI
Authors: Lee Seung‐Kyun , Hancu Ileana 
Published: June 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate intersubject variability of susceptibility‐induced static field inhomogeneity in breast and to assess effectiveness of whole‐body high‐order shimming applied to bilateral breast.Materials and Methods:A fast, computationally efficient method to calculate susceptibility‐induced static field from anatomical images was developed. The method was validated against the conventional multiecho B0 mapping method and was used to generate data for linear and higher‐order shim simulation on 13 volunteers.Results:Most volunteers showed a significant anterior–posterior B0 gradient. The majority of the subjects also exhibited a statistically significant left–right gradient. The second‐ and third‐order shimming provided only minor (<5% each) improvement in B0 homogeneity.Conclusion:The shape of the air–tissue boundary determines most of the observed B0 distribution in bilateral breast. Despite significant variability among subjects, a common feature traceable to generic anatomy exists in the linear gradient. Nonlinear variation of susceptibility‐induced B0 field occurs over a relatively short length scale and is likely best shimmed by slice‐dependent or localized shimming. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:873–880. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survivin Signaling in Clinical Oncology: A Multifaceted Dragon
Authors: Kanwar Jagat R. , Kamalapuram Sishir K. , Kanwar Rupinder K. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractSurvivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family member preferentially expressed in a myriad of clinical cancers. The complex functional mechanism and regulatory roles of survivin in cell division and cell death has hindered current therapeutic regimes from decoding its diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance in the area of translational oncology. Pharmacological modulation of survivin was tagged with its evolving functional complexity associated with various cell‐signaling cascades including PI3K/AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK), mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), heat‐shock protein 90 (HSP90), p53, B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) etc. The present review provides a multifaceted role of survivin and its mechanistic action in an array of clinical cancers. Furthermore, the utilization of novel nanotechnology‐based drug delivery systems for target‐specific hurling of tumors enabling contemporaneous detection, treatment, and therapeutic imaging in cancer therapy are discussed.
Resistance training in patients with limb‐girdle and becker muscular dystrophies
Authors: Sveen Marie‐Louise , Andersen Søren P. , Ingelsrud Lina H. , Blichter Sarah , Olsen Niels E. , Jønck Simon , Krag Thomas O. , Vissing John 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIntroduction:In this study we investigated the effect of strength training in patients with limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD).Methods:In 2 studies we compared the effect of low‐intensity training (LOIT; n = 8) and high‐intensity training (HIT; n = 4) in muscles of the upper and lower extremities. Patients were tested for maximal strength and endurance before and after the training program.Results:LOIT training over 6 months resulted in increased biceps strength and endurance. HIT training increased endurance and strength in wrist flexion and extension and in elbow flexion. One patient discontinued HIT training due to muscle soreness and mildly increased plasma CK levels without strength deterioration.Conclusions:Both LOIT and HIT increased muscle strength and endurance in some of the muscles tested and were well tolerated in most patients. Our findings suggest that supervised resistance training may be considered in the management of patients with LGMD2 and BMD. Muscle Nerve, 2013
LC‐MS‐based serum metabolic profiling for genitourinary cancer classification and cancer type‐specific biomarker discovery
Authors: Lin Lin , Huang Zhenzhen , Gao Yao , Chen Yongjing , Hang Wei , Xing Jinchun , Yan Xiaomei 
Published: June 2012

Bladder cancer (BC) and kidney cancer (KC) are the first two commonly occurring genitourinary cancers in China. In this study, a comprehensive LC‐MS‐based method, which utilizes both reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) separations, has been carried out in conjunction with multivariate data analysis to discriminate the global serum profiles of BC, KC, and noncancer controls. An independent test set consisting of different patients has been used to objectively evaluate the predictive ability of the analysis platform. Excellent sensitivity and specificity have been achieved in detection of KC and BC. The results suggest that serum metabolic profiling could be used for different types of genitourinary cancer diagnosis. Furthermore, cancer type‐specific biomarkers were found through a critical selection criterion. As a result, eicosatrienol, azaprostanoic acid, docosatrienol, retinol, and 14′‐apo‐beta‐carotenal were found as specific biomarkers for BC; and PE(P‐16:0e/0:0), glycerophosphorylcholine, ganglioside GM3 (d18:1/22:1), C17 sphinganine, and SM(d18:0/16:1(9Z)) were found as specific biomarkers for KC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for the preliminary evaluation of the biomarkers. These biomarkers have great potential to be used in the clinical diagnosis after further rigorous assessment.
Segmented polyurethane elastomers derived from aliphatic polycarbonate and poly(ester‐carbonate) soft segments for biomedical applications
Authors: Sobczak Marcin , Dębek Cezary , Olędzka Ewa , Nałęcz‐Jawecki Grzegorz , Kołodziejski Wacław L. , Rajkiewicz Maria 
Published: June 2012

AbstractA series of biomedical polyurethane elastomers (PURs) based on poly(ester‐carbonate)s (PECs) and polycarbonates (PCs) were synthesized and spectrally characterized fully. PEC or PC diols were synthesized by the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone, trimethylene carbonate, and neopentyl carbonate catalyzed by lipase from Candida antarctica. PURs were prepared by free‐metal method from PEC or PC diols and 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), with 1,4‐butanediol as a chain extender. The physical and mechanical properties as well as hydrolytic stability of the obtained PURs were determined. The toxicity of the received polymers was evaluated using bacterial luminescence test and two protozoans assays. The presented preliminary studies suggest that PEC or PC diols prepared in this way might be applied for the synthesis of biomedical PURs with improved hydrolytic stability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Filler effect on properties of “All‐Acrylic” copolymer/clay elastomeric materials synthesized by “in situ” nitroxide mediated polymerization
Authors: Cherifi N. , BenAboura A. , Save M. , Billon L. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractIn this work, we describe the “in situ” synthesis of “all‐acrylic” copolymer (n‐butyl acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate)/clay materials at different low contents of raw and modified Montmorillonite (1–4 wt % versus monomer). The cationic 2,2′ azobis‐(amidinopropane)dihydrochloride initiator was used to modified the clay by cation exchange in combination with the N‐tert‐butyl‐N‐[1‐diethylphosphono‐(2,2‐dimethylpropyl)] (SG1) nitroxide to synthesize the polymer/clay nanocomposite via nitroxide mediated controlled radical polymerization. All synthesized materials are characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. The thermo‐mechanical properties of the synthesized materials are also reported. The results show that a decrease in molar masses and/or slight changes in molar compositions of poly (n‐butyl acrylate‐ co‐methyl methacrylate)/clay systems can be balanced by clay loading in polymer matrix, and consequently compensated or masked clay effects on physical properties of obtained materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Visualization of Epidermal and Dermal Alteration in Papulonodular Mucinosis by Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqin , Lin Lihang , Yu Haibo , Zhuo Shuangmu , Chen Jianxin , Liu Jingjing , Wang Yuying 
Published: June 2012

SummaryPapulonodular mucinosis (PM) is a cutaneous clue to the presence and activity of silent lupus erythematosus (LE), but the exact pathogenesis is still under secret. Moreover, the currently available treatments for PM are not satisfactory. To demonstrate the possibility of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to trace the pathological state of PM and evaluate the treatment efficacy, epidermal and dermal alteration in skin lesion with PM before and after treatment was examined using MPM. Microstructure of epidermis as well as content and distribution of collagen and elastin in dermis were quantified to characterize the pathological states of PM. The results showed significant morphological difference between skin lesion before and after treatment, indicating the possibility of MPM to assess the therapeutic efficacy. With the advancement on MPM miniaturization and enhancement of contrast and depth of imaging, the MPM technique can be applied in in vivo tracking PM formation and progression, and leading the better understanding the PM pathogenesis and mechanism of response to any treatment, helping to establish novel effective therapies for PM. SCANNING 35:22‐27, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orthogonal Cell‐Based Biosensing: Fluorescent, Electrochemical, and Colorimetric Detection with Silica‐Immobilized Cellular Communities Integrated with an ITO–Glass/Plastic Laminate Cartridge
Authors: Harper Jason C. , Edwards Thayne L. , Savage Travis , Harbaugh Svetlana , Kelley‐Loughnane Nancy , Stone Morley O. , Brinker C. Jeffrey , Brozik Susan M. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis is the first report of a living cell‐based environmental sensing device capable of generating orthogonal fluorescent, electrochemical, and colorimetric signals in response to a single target analyte in complex media. Orthogonality is enabled by use of cellular communities that are engineered to provide distinct signals in response to the model analyte. Coupling these three signal transduction methods provides additional and/or complementary data regarding the sample which may reduce the impact of interferants and increase confidence in the sensor's output. Long‐term stability of the cells was addressed via 3D entrapment within a nanostructured matrix derived from glycerated silicate, which allows the device to be sealed and stored under dry, ambient conditions for months with significant retention in cellular activity and viability (40% viability after 60 days). Furthermore, the first co‐entrapment of eukaryotic and bacterial cells in a silica matrix is reported, demonstrating multianalyte biodetection by mixing disparate cell lines at intimate proximities which remain viable and responsive. These advances in cell‐based biosensing open intriguing opportunities for integrating living cells with nanomaterials and macroscale systems.
Cytotoxic, DNA Interaction, SOD Mimic, and Antimicrobial Activities of Square Pyramidal Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Patel Mohan N. , Patel Chintan R. , Joshi Hardik N. 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThe copper(II) complexes with NS donor ligand and ciprofloxacin were synthesized. The synthesized complexes were characterized by physicochemical parameters like elemental and thermal analysis, electronic, FT‐IR, and LC‐MS spectroscopy. The complexes were tested for their antibacterial activity against two Gram(+ve) i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and three Gram(–ve) i.e., Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli bacteria in terms of MIC (μM) and the results were compared with the parent drug. Viscosity measurement and absorption titration were employed to determine the mode of binding of complexes with DNA. DNA cleavage activity was carried out by gel electrophoresis experiment using supercoiled form of pUC19 DNA. The complexes were screened for their SOD mimic activity in terms of IC50 value. The complexes were also checked for their cytotoxicity using brine shrimp assay method.
Exploring the Borders of the Zintl‐Klemm Concept: On the Isopunctual Phases Eu5+xMg18–xGe13(x = 0.1) and Eu8Mg16Ge12
Authors: Slabon Adam , Cuervo‐Reyes Eduardo , Kubata Christof , Mensing Christian , Nesper Reinhard 
Published: June 2012

AbstractTwo new ternary compounds Eu5+xMg18–xGe13 (x = 0.1) and Eu8Mg16Ge12 were obtained by solid state synthesis and their crystal structures determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The two compounds crystallize in the hexagonal crystal system (space group P$\bar{6}$2m). Eu5+xMg18–xGe13 (x = 0.1) is a Zintl phase with nine isolated Ge4– ions and a [Ge4]10– star, which is isoelectronic with PF3 but surprisingly almost planar. Eu8Mg16Ge12 contains a [MGe3] (M = Eu, Mg) unit, instead of the [Ge4]10–, and can be described as a salt‐like compound, containing 12 “isolated” Ge4– anions. The structural similarity of these two compounds allows to analyze the chemical bonding of different Zintl anions, which belong to a structural greater isosteric unit. The metallic conductivity of Eu8Mg16Ge12 originates from the ecliptic stacking of the “so‐called isolated” anions along the c direction. In Eu5+xMg18–xGe13 the deviation of the Zintl anion from the planarity causes a semi‐metallic behavior. In both cases, the magnetic response is dominated by the local moments of the europium atoms, which are all found in a 2+ oxidation state. Deviations from the Curie–Weiss law are observed for T < 20 K in the cation‐richer compound and at lower temperatures in the other. The behavior in the low‐temperature range changes with the replacement of the [Ge4]10– star by the MGe3 unit. These studies show that metallic behavior through ecliptic stacking of planar anions can be achieved even with monatomic anions, up to 4.4 Å with germanium at least, and can be destroyed by small deviations from planarity in an extended anion.
On the Crystal Chemistry of Alkali Metal Oxocobaltates
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Hanskarl 
Published: June 2012

AbstractThis Review on the crystal chemistry of oxocobaltates of alkali metals is presented according to the chemical composition. Classification of alkali oxocobaltates mainly depends on an increasing oxygen content of the compounds. Identical chemical compositions are sorted with increasing atomic numbers of the alkali metals. Cobalt is observed in the valence states Co+, Co2+, Co3+ and Co4+. No other metal shows such a close dependence of coordination and valence state. The oxygen coordination of Co+ in A3CoO2 (A = Na, K, Rb) and K2CsCoO2 is dumbbell‐shaped, the bond angles O–Co–Co being close to 180°. Coordination number two for the alkali metals (A) in these compounds is not less interesting, with the bond angles showing large deviations from a stretched O–A–O configuration. Cobalt in the valence state Co2+ (K2CoO2; Rb2Co2O3; Na4CoO3; Rb2K4Co2O5; K2Na4Co2O5; RbNa7Co2O6; Na10Co4O9) prefers a trigonal planar coordination. There is only one compound (Na7Co2O6) showing mixed valences Co2+/Co3+ together with a triangular coordination. Tetrahedral coordination is typical for cobalt in the valence state Co3+ (K/RbCoO2; Na6Co2O6; Na5CoO4; Na2Li3CoO4). Few compounds (K/Cs/Rb2CoO3; Na4CoO4; Li8CoO6; K6Co2O7) show Co4+ beside Co3+ in tetrahedral coordination. A small amount of oxocobaltates show octahedral coordination with cobalt in the valence states Co3+ (LiCoO2; NaCoO2) and higher (NaCo2O4; K4Co7O14). Finally, one mixed alkali rare earth oxocobaltate, Nd18Li8Co4O39, is presented. Several oxocobaltates reported in the ICSD database show cobalt on different point positions. In these cases it is of interest to calculate Madelung Parts of Lattice Energie (MAPLE) established by Rudolf Hoppe. MAPLE allows calculation of the differences between the Coulomb‐terms of the lattice energy, which exclusively depends on the valences of cobalt on different point positions. In all comparable cases identical positional configurations of the atoms prevent influences of the repulsion term of the lattice energy. The energy balance therefore exclusively depends on the valence states of cobalt and its distribution on the point positions, with Rb2Co2O3, Na4CoO3, Na8Co2O7, Na10Co4O9, and Na10Co4O10 being examples.
Preoperative Ultrasonography Assessment of Vocal Cord Movement During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Cheng Shih‐Ping , Lee Jie‐Jen , Liu Tsang‐Pai , Lee Kuo‐Sheng , Liu Chien‐Liang 
Published: June 2012

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative detection of vocal cord palsy is important in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. However, routine fiberoptic laryngoscopy may bring patients unnecessary discomfort. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using surgeon‐performed ultrasonography (US) as a screening tool for preoperative assessment of vocal cord movement.MethodsIn the first phase, patients had both laryngoscopic and US examination before surgery. In the second phase, patients had US evaluation first. Those with abnormal vocal cord movement on US, with invisible cord movement, or presenting with significant vocal symptoms underwent laryngeal examination.ResultsIn all, 93 (82 %) of 114 patients had successful US evaluation of vocal cord movement during the first phase. Two of them had vocal cord paralysis. In the second phase, vocal cord movement could be evaluated by US in 349 (84 %) of 415 patients. Four patients with abnormal movement were confirmed to have vocal cord palsy by laryngoscopy. None of 46 symptomatic patients with normal movement on US had vocal cord palsy. One other patient whose cord movement could not be seen by US had vocal cord palsy on laryngoscopic examination.ConclusionsSurgeon‐performed US appears to be a relatively accurate method for assessing vocal cord movement in the preoperative setting. It can be used to select patients to undergo laryngoscopic examination before thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.
Corporate Governance and Innovation
Authors: O’Connor Matthew , Rafferty Matthew 
Published: June 2012

AbstractWe use Tobin’s q models of investments to estimate the relationship between corporate governance and the level of innovative activity. Simple ordinary least squares (OLS) models suggest that poor governance reduces innovative activity. However, OLS results are sensitive to controlling for serial correlation, unobserved effects, or using instrumental variables to control simultaneity. Controlling for these effects substantially reduces or eliminates the relationship between governance and innovative activity.
IX.—Uromyces punctatus Schroet. in Britain
Authors: Burns D. W. 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisOn the European continent, Uromyces punctatus is heterœcious and occurs on 35 species and 1 variety of Astragalus, 6 species of Oxytropis and 1 species of Onobrychis. There are 3 æcidial hosts recorded, the major one being Euphorbia cyparissias. At St Andrews, the uredo stage of the rust is confined to A. danicus and only uredospores and teleutospores have been found. Experiments conducted showed that the local population of the rust was capable of infecting 9 species of Astragalus and 1 species of Medicago, out of 27 species of Astragalus, 5 species of Medicago and 28 species of other legumes inoculated. No host specialization within the local population was evident. Attempts to germinate the teleutospores, using a variety of methods, failed, with the exception of a single spore. The major æcidial host, when inoculated with teleutospores, failed to show any signs of æcidial infection over a period of four years. Possible factors affecting the shortening of the life cycle of the rust are discussed.
XIX.—Family Selection in Poultry: the Use of Sire and Dam Family Averages in Choosing Male Parents
Authors: Osborne Robert 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisA typical poultry flock consists of offspring from a number of sires each mated to several dams. In choosing male parents in a selection programme no criterion of individual merit may be available and selection must usually be based on the performance of related females. The present report deals with the theoretical efficiencies of three systems of selection of males(1) on the average performance of the dam family of a male's sisters.(2) on the average performance of the sire family of a male's full- and half-sisters.(3) on a weighted combination of sire family and dam family averages.For traits of low heritability system (2) may offer marked advantages over system (1), the only type of family selection previously investigated. This should prove of importance in flocks where recording facilities are limited. Providing environmental effects can be minimised, efficient selection may be based on the average performance of sire families housed as units without individual recording.The efficiency of system (2) declines with increasing heritability and is also subject to complications introduced by population size. In all cases, however, optimum gains may be obtained on system (3) when both dam family and sire family records are available.
XXI.—Studies on Flowering-Plant Growth and Organogenesis. I. Morphogenetic Effects of 2, 3, 5-Triiodobenzoic Acid on Cannabis sativa
Authors: Heslop-Harrison J. , Heslop-Harrison Y. 
Published: June 2012

SynopisNotwithstanding its reported effect upon the levels of native auxin in plant tissues, 2, 3, 5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) does not influence sex expression in Cannabis sativa, a dioecious species in which there is evidence that flower sexuality may be regulated by auxin levels in the neighbourhood of developing primordia. The total production of flowers is, however, increased in both sexes by TIBA, an effect possibly resulting from an alleviation of the correlative inhibition of lateral buds. Whilst hardly influencing morphogenetic activity at a cellular level at all, TIBA treatment leads to gross ontogenetic abnormalities, of which the common feature is a tendency for the elimination of localized growth and the substitution instead of generalized growth fields, resulting in the formation of infundibuliform and cylindrical foliar and floral structures. It seems probable that the bulk of the effects of TIBA in the plant may be due to an influence on auxin distribution, perhaps through interference with the mechanism of polar transport.
IV.—The Effects of Triethylenemelamine on the Fertility of Male Mice
Authors: Cattanach B. M. , Edwards R. G. 
Published: June 2012

SynopsisTriethylenemelamine induces chromosomal aberrations in Drosophila and in mammals. In the present paper the effects of intraperitoneal injections of the drug on the fertility of male mice are related to its mutagenic activity. Males were given prolonged or short treatment with the drug and were mated to females at frequent intervals.Male fertility was greatly reduced after either treatment, a result similar to previous findings in the rat. Sterility for the first few weeks was due to dominant lethals causing embryonic mortality, and to oligospermia from 30 days after the injection. Embryonic mortality was reduced after lower doses, being maximal between 11 and 14 days after the injection, and little or no oligospermia resulted from this treatment.The drug probably acted directly on spermatogenic cells; spermatids being most sensitive to the induction of lethals and spermatogonia to destruction; these estimates were based on the known rate of spermatogenesis in the mouse. The sensitivity of the stages of spermatogenesis and the translocation frequency induced by the drug have some similarities to the effects of X-rays on the testis.