bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and verification of a diagnostic assay based on EF‐1 α for the identification ofArmillariaspecies in Northern Europe
Authors: Mulholland V. , MacAskill G. A. , Laue B. E. , Steele H. , Kenyon D. , Green S. 
Published: November 2011

SummaryThe overall aim of this study was to develop a new, reliable and rapid diagnostic assay for differentiating six EuropeanArmillariaspecies based on variation in their elongation factor‐1 alpha (EF‐1 α) gene sequences and to verify a set of species‐specific primers on 61Armillariaisolates from Europe. Partial sequences of the EF‐1 α gene obtained inArmillaria borealis,Armillaria cepistipes,Armillaria gallica,Armillaria mellea,Armillaria ostoyaeandArmillaria tabescensrevealed sufficient interspecific variation to distinguish among species using nested primers. These primers gave unambiguous bands when tested on representative isolates of five of these species. However, the EF‐1 α sequences of EuropeanA. borealisisolates clustered into two distinct clades, termed hereAbX andAbY. Specific primers were subsequently designed and tested successfully on bothAbX‐type andAbY‐typeA. borealisisolates. The taxonomy ofA. borealisneeds to be elucidated to determine whether a new, as yet unnamedArmillariataxon exists in Europe. ThreeA. borealisisolates were also found to have heterozygous sites in their EF‐1 α sequences, which suggests that the gene could exist in more than one copy or that these isolates contain hybrid sequences. A pyrosequencing method was also developed, targeting a small region of EF‐1 α intron 4, which was able to differentiate EuropeanArmillariaisolates to the species level and additionally could distinguishAbX‐type andAbY‐typeA. borealisisolates.
Severe neonatal jaundice: Is it a rare event in Australia?
Authors: McGillivray Angela , Evans Nick 
Published: November 2011

AbstractHyperbilirubinaemia is common in the newborn period, and while the vast majority of babies are unaffected, significant neurological impairment remains a risk associated with extremely high levels of bilirubin. There is concern internationally that the number of babies affected by severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia may be increasing. This review describes the most current published data pertaining to the incidence and causes of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia in order to determine whether concern regarding the possible re‐emergence of kernicterus in Australia is warranted. Seven incidence studies conducted internationally between 1988 and 2005 identify an estimated incidence of severe neonatal jaundice of between 7.1 and 45 per 100 000 births and of kernicterus at 0.4–2.7. Major pathophysiological causes or associations include ABO and other blood group incompatibility, glucose‐6‐phoshate‐dehydrogenase deficiency, infection and haemolysis of other causes including spherocytosis. Other factors associated with poor outcomes include prematurity, male gender, ethnicity, breastfeeding and early hospital discharge. The management of severe neonatal jaundice requires multifaceted risk quantification in addition to the availability of adequate surveillance, particularly in the context of early hospital discharge. It is of concern that currently there is a paucity of incidence data in Australia relating to this potentially devastating yet generally preventable condition. Therefore, a surveillance study has been initiated through the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit. It is anticipated that these data will accurately define the incidence in Australia and hopefully guide strategies to prevent a condition that we may have prematurely considered to be of historical interest only.
Bony presentations of childhood haematological malignancy to the emergency room
Authors: Teo Wan‐Yee , Chan Mei‐Yoke , Ng Kee‐Chong , Tan Ah‐Moy 
Published: November 2011

Aim:  Bony complaints are well‐recognised symptoms of childhood haematological malignancy. However, this elusive symptom complex of haematological malignancy is not easily recognised in the emergency room (ER) where musculoskeletal problems are frequent. This study reviews bony complaints of childhood haematological malignancy in the ER.Methods:  This was a retrospective study of 148 children diagnosed with haematological malignancy between March 2002 and February 2007.Results:  Twenty‐one cases (14.2%) presented with bony complaints to the ER within 3 months prior diagnosis of malignancy. The median age was 5.1 years, and majority (90.5%) had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Fifteen cases were undiagnosed for malignancy at first visit; diagnoses included pulled elbow, lower limb sprain and septic arthritis, with 21 days median time to correct diagnosis. In this undiagnosed group, history of trauma, fever, multiple bony site involvement, normal radiography and blood counts were common. Undiagnosed cases were referred to orthopaedics, paediatrics, rheumatology or the general practitioner, hospitalised or discharged without follow‐up.Conclusion:  The diagnosis of childhood haematological malignancy with first bony presentation to the ER was challenging, with a high prevalence of 71.4% undiagnosed cases at first visit. We highlight the common misdiagnoses because failure to correctly diagnose could delay timely institution of treatment. Trauma or normal investigations do not exclude an underlying haematological malignancy. This rare diagnosis in the ER should always be considered when challenged with recurrent bony complaints.
Opportunities taken: The need for and effectiveness of secondary care opportunistic immunisation
Authors: Shingler Simon , Hunter Kim , Romano Andrina , Graham David 
Published: November 2011

Aim:  To evaluate the effectiveness of a formalised opportunistic immunisation (OI) system in a hospital setting.Methods:  Pre–post implementation audit of missed immunisation opportunities.Results:  Of 5583 children in the National Immunisation Register cohort seen in a hospital setting, 1641 (29.4%) were under‐immunised, compared with the concurrent regional cohort of 15%. Māori children were less likely to be age‐appropriately immunised (36.9% under‐immunised, P < 0.0005, χ2= 41.4). Of the 1641 under‐immunised children, 337 (20.5%) were deemed to have current medical reasons not to be immunised acutely, and of the remaining 1304, 244 (18.7%) declined immunisations. This left 1060 for whom immunisation was possible, and we immunised 880 (83.0%) of these. All children were re‐engaged with primary care services.Conclusions:  Children in contact with secondary care services have low immunisation rates with ethnic disparity. Appropriately resourced formalised OI is effective, with potential for further improvement. The system we have implemented enhances primary care involvement.
Serial developmental assessments in infants with deformational plagiocephaly
Authors: Hutchison B Lynne , Stewart Alistair W , de Chalain Tristan , Mitchell Edwin A 
Published: November 2011

Aim:  An association between positional plagiocephaly and developmental problems has previously been noted, but whether delays persist over time has not been established. This study aimed to determine developmental outcomes for children with deformational plagiocephaly over 1 year of follow up.Methods:  This was a longitudinal cohort study of 126 infants with deformational plagiocephaly recruited at an outpatient clinic. Development was assessed with the parent‐completed Ages and Stages Questionnaires at recruitment and repeated at follow‐up assessments in the home 3, 6 and 12 months later. Questionnaires were scored according to cut‐off scores from the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition.Results:  Ninety‐six percent of children were followed up for the full 12 months. The existence of one or more delays initially was 30%; this rose to 42% at the 3‐month follow up then dropped back to 23% by the 12‐month follow up. Delays were predominantly in the gross motor domain. Ten percent had >4 delays in total over the four assessments. Mothers with tertiary education were more likely to have infants showing delays that persisted over time.Conclusions:  Infants with deformational plagiocephaly exhibited marked delays especially in early infancy. These delays were largely gross motor in type but had reduced to approach the expected level by the time of the 12‐month follow up, at a mean age of 17 months.
Corticomotor representation to a human forearm muscle changes following cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Freund Patrick , Rothwell John , Craggs Michael , Thompson Alan J. , Bestmann Sven 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFunctional imaging studies, using blood oxygen level‐dependent signals, have demonstrated cortical reorganization of forearm muscle maps towards the denervated leg area following spinal cord injury (SCI). The extent of cortical reorganization was predicted by spinal atrophy. We therefore expected to see a similar shift in the motor output of corticospinal projections of the forearm towards more denervated lower body parts in volunteers with cervical injury. Therefore, we used magnetic resonance imaging‐navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to non‐invasively measure changes in cortical map reorganization of a forearm muscle in the primary motor cortex (M1) following human SCI. We recruited volunteers with chronic cervical injuries resulting in bilateral upper and lower motor impairment and severe cervical atrophy and healthy control participants. All participants underwent a T1‐weighted anatomical scan prior to the TMS experiment. The motor thresholds of the extensor digitorum communis muscle (EDC) were defined, and its cortical muscle representation was mapped. The centre of gravity (CoG), the cortical silent period (CSP) and active motor thresholds (AMTs) were measured. Regression analysis was used to investigate relationships between trauma‐related anatomical changes and TMS parameters. SCI participants had increased AMTs (P = 0.01) and increased CSP duration (P = 0.01). The CoG of the EDC motor‐evoked potential map was located more posteriorly towards the anatomical hand representation of M1 in SCI participants than in controls (P = 0.03). Crucially, cord atrophy was negatively associated with AMT and CSP duration (r2 ≥ 0.26, P < 0.05). In conclusion, greater spinal cord atrophy predicts changes at the cortical level that lead to reduced excitability and increased inhibition. Therefore, cortical forearm motor representations may reorganize towards the intrinsic hand motor representation to maximize output to muscles of the impaired forearm following SCI.
Elevation of serum high molecular weight adiponectin in patients with Type 2 diabetes and orthostatic hypotension: association with arterial stiffness and hypercoagulability
Authors: Aso Y. , Wakabayashi S. , Terasawa T. , Naruse R. , Hara K. , Takebayashi K. , Inukai T. 
Published: November 2011

Diabet. Med. 29, 80–87 (2012)AbstractAim  Orthostatic hypotension is a hallmark of diabetic autonomic neuropathy and is associated with increased mortality. The serum level of adiponectin is elevated in patients with heart failure or renal failure. In the present study, we measured serum levels of total and high molecular weight adiponectin in patients with Type 2 diabetes and orthostatic hypotension. We also investigated the relationship between the presence of orthostatic hypotension and various clinical variables in patients with Type 2 diabetes.Methods  We studied 105 patients with Type 2 diabetes. Orthostatic hypotension was defined as a decrease of 20 mmHg or more in systolic blood pressure and/or 10 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure when blood pressure was measured for 3 min while standing. The brachial–ankle pulse‐wave velocity was also measured as an index of arterial stiffness.Results  Orthostatic hypotension was found in 30 patients with diabetes (28.6%). The haematocrit and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly lower in patients with orthostatic hypotension than in those without it. Brachial–ankle pulse‐wave velocity and serum total and high molecular weight adiponectin were significantly higher in patients with orthostatic hypotension than in those without. Furthermore, the high molecular weight/total adiponectin ratio was higher in patients with orthostatic hypotension than in those without and hypertension was more common in patients with orthostatic hypotension. Plasma prothrombin F1 + 2, a coagulation maker, was higher in patients with orthostatic hypotension than in those without, while there were no differences of fibrinolytic markers between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that HDL cholesterol, haematocrit, F1 + 2, brachial–ankle pulse‐wave velocity and a decline of systolic blood pressure on standing were independent determinants of high molecular weight adiponectin.Conclusions  Patients with Type 2 diabetes and orthostatic hypotension had an elevated serum level of high molecular weight adiponectin, which was associated with the simultaneous presence of renal dysfunction, anaemia, arterial stiffness and hypercoagulability.
An Experiment Inspired by Fourier: J.B. Godin's Familistere in Guise
Authors: LALLEMENT MICHEL 
Published: November 2011

AbstractFounded in 1859 by Jean‐Baptiste Godin, the Familistere in Guise (France) is one of the rare, if not the only Fourierist experiment to pass successfully the test of time. Like C. Fourier, who inspired him, Godin thought and acted above all in terms of social experimentation. What were the main social innovations to see the light within the scope of such research? In what way could they be said to have remained faithful to Fourier? And, in the end, how can we explain that Godin succeeded where so many other Fourierists had failed? In order to answer this question, a first section sketches the portrait and trajectory of Godin. The paper then mentions Godin's principal belief and analyzes a few Fourier‐inspired experiments carried out by Godin in order to promote industrial democracy. It also points to the limits of the schemes imagined by Godin to permit a community of sometimes nearly 2,000 men, women and children to exist.
Working Hours in Supply Chain Chinese and Thai Factories: Evidence from the Fair Labor Association's ‘Soccer Project’
Authors: Smyth Russell , Qian Xiaolei , Nielsen Ingrid , Kaempfer Ines 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThis article examines the determinants of working excessive hours, defined as working in excess of 60 hours per week or for more than six consecutive days, in Chinese and Thai supply chain factories. We use a matched employer–employee dataset collected from 15 Chinese and Thai footwear and sporting apparel supply chain factories, which supply international brands. Matched employer–employee data allow us to examine the effect of worker and firm characteristics on hours worked. We find that in addition to the demographic and human capital characteristics of workers, firm‐level characteristics and worker awareness of how to refuse overtime are important in explaining variation in hours worked.
How Does Market Making Affect Industrial Relations? Evidence from Eight German Hospitals
Authors: Greer Ian , Schulten Thorsten , Böhlke Nils 
Published: November 2011

AbstractThe introduction of market mechanisms matters for industrial relations. In the German hospital sector, national liberalization policies have put immense pressure on local management and worker representatives and led to the growth of a low‐wage sector. In case studies of eight hospitals, we find some locales where market making has led to union revitalization and mobilization, but this effect varies. Using an eight‐way comparison, we infer a configuration of three aspects of the local political economy — labour markets, politics and co‐determination rules — that together provide a well‐fitting explanation for both variation and change.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression is repressed during myogenic differentiation by miR‐206
Authors: Miura Pedro , Amirouche Adel , Clow Charlene , Bélanger Guy , Jasmin Bernard J 
Published: November 2011

J. Neurochem. (2012) 120, 230–238.AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for efficient skeletal‐muscle regeneration and perturbing its expression causes abnormalities in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of BDNF suppression that occurs during myogenic differentiation. BDNF is expressed at the mRNA level as two isoforms that differ in the length of their 3′UTRs as a result of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of three miR‐206 target sites in the long BDNF 3′UTR (BDNF‐L), whereas only one site was found in the short mRNA BDNF 3′UTR (BDNF‐S). miR‐206 is known to regulate the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and its expression is induced during the transition from myoblasts to myotubes. We thus examined whether miR‐206‐mediated suppression is responsible for the expression pattern of BDNF during myogenic differentiation. BDNF‐L was suppressed to a greater extent than BDNF‐S during differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Transfection of a miR‐206 precursor decreased activity of reporters representative of the BDNF‐L 3′UTR, but not BDNF‐S 3′UTR, and repressed endogenous BDNF mRNA levels. This suppression was found to be dependent on the presence of multiple miR‐206 target sites in the BDNF‐L 3′UTR. Conversely, suppression of miR‐206 levels resulted in de‐repression of BDNF 3′UTR reporter activity and increased endogenous BDNF‐L mRNA levels. A receptor for BDNF, p75NTR, was also suppressed during differentiation and in response to miR‐206, but this appeared to not be entirely mediated via a miR‐206 target site its 3′UTR. Based on these observations, BDNF represents a novel target through which miR‐206 controls the initiation and maintenance of the differentiated state of muscle cells. These results further suggest that miR‐206 might play a role in regulating retrograde signaling of BDNF at the neuromuscular junction.
Operating theatre nurses’ experience of patient‐related, intraoperative nursing care
Authors: Kelvered Monica , Öhlén Joakim , Gustafsson Birgitta Åkesdotter 
Published: November 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 449–457Operating theatre nurses’ experience of patient‐related, intraoperative nursing careThe way patient‐related, intraoperative nursing care is performed by operating theatre nurses’ has not been elucidated in any great detail. The aim of this study therefore was to describe theatre nurses’ experience of patient‐related, intraoperative nursing care. The study draws on qualitative, interpretive description methodology. Sixteen specialists in operating theatre nursing care, working in rural or metropolitan hospitals in Sweden, were included in the study. Data were collected by means of interviews and analysed using an inductive, qualitative, descriptive analysis technique. The data analysis resulted in 15 overarching nursing care procedures and three motives for nursing care procedures in the field of intraoperative nursing care with the goal of achieving the best surgical outcome for the patient. The operating theatre nurses’ experience of patient‐related, intraoperative nursing care was described as procedures to create a continuous, confidence‐based relationship and situation‐related well‐being; procedures to guarantee patient safety and well‐being by keeping a watchful eye; and procedures to create a secure environment that promotes wound healing, recovery and well‐being.
Antinociceptive and anti‐exudative synergism between dexketoprofen and tramadol in a model of inflammatory pain in mice
Authors: Miranda Hugo F. , Romero Maria Asunción , Puig Margarita M. 
Published: November 2011

AbstractPreclinical studies have demonstrated antinociceptive synergism between dexketoprofen (DEX) and tramadol (TRM) in acute animal models of nociception. The aim of the present study was to investigate the type of interaction between DEX and TRM in a chronic musculoskeletal pain model in mice, which fairly replicates the characteristics of chronic osteoarticular pain in humans. Inflammation was induced by a subplantar injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in male CF1 mice. Nociceptive thresholds were evaluated using the hot plate, the nocifensive spontaneous behavior and the acetone tests, while plasma extravasation (PE) was assessed with Evan’s blue. We used the following experimental groups: control (no inflammation), acute (1 day after CFA injection), and chronic inflammation (7 days after CFA). Dose–response curves for DEX and TRM, individually and combined in a 1 : 1 proportion based on their potency were obtained, and the doses that produced a 50% inhibition calculated. The isobolographic analysis revealed that in all groups of study (no inflammation, acute, and chronic inflammation), the combination of DEX : TRM was synergistic, for both the inhibition of nociception and the PE. The results suggest that the DEX : TRM (1 : 1) combination could be useful in the management of acute and chronic inflammatory musculoskeletal pains in humans; in addition, the synergistic interaction between the drugs observed both during acute and chronic inflammation suggests that less doses would be required of each drug to obtain effective analgesia.
Enhancing treatment participation in CAMHS among families of conduct problem children: effectiveness study of a clinician training programme
Authors: Watt Bruce D. , Dadds Mark R. , Best Denisse , Daviess Catherine 
Published: November 2011

Background:  The effectiveness of a training programme targeting structural and therapy process strategies to enhance treatment attendance among families of conduct problem children was evaluated across three community mental health clinics.Method:  Utilising a staggered multiple‐baseline design, referrals prior to clinician training were compared to posttraining referrals (N = 221).Results:  In comparison to service as usual, children and their families referred after the training initiative had significantly higher treatment attendance (66% vs. 83%) and 79% less likelihood of attrition, though findings were mixed for child’s mental health.Conclusions:  The findings provide initial support for the effectiveness of the clinician training programme in increasing treatment involvement.
Climate changes during the last c. 7500 years as recorded by the degree of peat humification in the Lofoten region, Norway
Authors: VORREN KARL‐DAG , JENSEN CHRISTIN ELDEGARD , NILSSEN EILIF 
Published: November 2011

Vorren, K.‐D., Jensen, C. E. & Nilssen, E. 2012 (January): Climate changes during the last c. 7500 years as recorded by the degree of peat humification in the Lofoten region, Norway. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 13–30. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00220.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.Two peat cores from two neighbouring bogs in Lofoten, northern Norway were densely AMS dated and analysed for humification. The two cores have been influenced by human agricultural impact, especially c. 1600 cal. a BP, which may have affected the local hydrology of the bogs. From 7400 cal. a BP onwards, 19 distinct wet‐shifts are recorded in the two cores. Eight or nine of these correspond chronologically to periods of low solar activity. This correlation is most convincing during the last 2000 years. Some wet‐shifts are connected with a solar low‐activity period during the Subboreal/Subatlantic transition, which in central Europe is dated at 2750–2565 cal. a BP. For Lofoten, the corresponding Subboreal/Subatlantic transition – or the wet‐shift marking this transition – is dated at c. 2600 cal. a BP. Some wet‐shifts occur just before or just after solar low‐activity periods, but only four of the nineteen wet‐shifts are clearly not temporally connected with periods of low solar activity. Compared with the wet‐shifts in NW European (mainly British Isles) bogs, there are more frequent wet‐shifts in northern Norway. Compared with other peat cores in northern Norway, especially for the interval 6500–5000 cal. a BP, Lofoten deviates by its lack of wet‐shifts. As in England, Scotland and Ireland, there is regional variability in the temporal formation of wet‐shifts in northern Norway.