bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of seed morphology in relation to desiccation tolerance and other physiological responses in 71 Eastern Australian rainforest species
Authors: HAMILTON KIM N. , OFFORD CATHERINE A. , CUNEO PETER , DESEO MYRNA A. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractSeed characteristics were measured in 71 Eastern Australian rainforest species representing 30 families. Sensitivity to desiccation to low moisture contents (< 10%) occurred in 42% of species. We estimate, based on findings from 100 species from this present study and previously published reports, that 49% of Eastern Australian rainforest species have non‐orthodox seeds. Germination level and time to 50% germination were not significantly different between desiccation sensitive (DS) and desiccation tolerant (DT) seeds. The estimation of seed desiccation sensitivity based on predictors is an important tool underpinning ex situ conservation efforts. Seed characteristics differed significantly between DS and DT seeds; that is, DS seeds had: (i) larger fruits (19 949 mg vs 8322 mg); (ii) larger seeds (1663 mg vs 202 mg); (iii) higher seed moisture contents (49.7% vs 35.5% fresh weight); (iv) lower oil content (7.3% vs 24.8% yield); and (v) less investment in seed coats (0.19 vs 0.48 seed coat ratio). Only 25% of DS seeded species had oily seeds compared with 87% of DT seeded species. Most green embryos were DS. Seed coat ratio was the best predictor of seed DS (80% correctly predicted). Seed moisture content at maturity was also related to germination time. Mean seed size was correlated (−0.657, P = 0.01) with mean seed oil content in 46 species. Further research on seed storage physiology of possible oily and/or DS seeded species is crucial to ensure future long‐term security of this biodiversity, particularly for species currently threatened in situ and/or of socioeconomic importance in Eastern Australian rainforests.
Breeding system and thrips (Thysanoptera) pollination in the endangered tree Ocotea porosa (Lauraceae): implications for conservation
Authors: DANIELI‐SILVA ALINE , VARASSIN ISABELA G. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractOcotea porosa has been extensively exploited over the past few decades because of the quality of its wood. Today, populations are reduced and the species is now included in the Red List of threatened species by the International Union for Nature Conservation. For conservation and management purposes, it is extremely important that we understand its reproductive ecology. Floral morphology was described based on field and scanning electron microscopic examination. The reproductive system was determined through experimentally controlled pollination along with observations of pollen tube growth. Pollinators were identified through field observations. Flowers of O. porosa are small, shallow, inconspicuous, asynchronous and grouped in inflorescences. This species presented self‐compatibility, but did not reproduce through apomixy and spontaneous self‐pollination was very rare (5%). Despite being monoclinal, flowers were protogynic, and the gynoecium was receptive after the first day of anthesis when the anthers were closed. Spontaneous self‐pollination was avoided by the extrorse position of the anthers of the internal stamens. Frankliniella gardeniae (Thysanoptera) was the only pollinating species observed and, after visiting several asynchronous flowers in the same inflorescence, favors geitonogamy. Together the small distance supposedly achieved by thrips in flight and the small population density of O. porosa can reduce the chances of cross‐pollination in this species. If so, conservation measures must include preservation of the current population and possibly planting to increase population density. This would reduce the distance between individuals and increase genetic variability. Thrips as pollinators must be included in conservation planning for O. porosa.
Conditions for seedling establishment and probable function of seed in the clonal sedge Carex rugulosa Kük. in riverside marshes
Authors: ARAKI SATORU , KUNII HIDENOBU 
Published: March 2012

AbstractCarex rugulosa Kük. forms large meadows in moist zones along estuarine riversides. These meadows are usually maintained by rhizomatous ramet production (clonal growth), and the appearance of seedlings is uncommon. We studied the conditions required for seedling establishment. In areas in which clonal ramets were dense (906–1050/m2), and the relative light intensity at ground level was low (0.8–3.8%), seed germination was entirely suppressed. In contrast, many seedlings (288–513/m2) were observed in areas in which clonal ramets had been considerably reduced (13–269/m2) by continuous inundation in the previous year. In these areas, the relative light intensity had increased (20.5–79.3%). It was inferred that seeds resisted the prolonged inundation that killed the ramets, and that germination was induced under these open conditions. These results suggest that the main functions of sexual reproduction in C. rugulosa are recovery after severe damage to vegetation using seeds from the seed bank and the dispersal of seeds to areas without dense vegetation. Most seedlings died when the marshy meadow was temporarily inundated by heavy rain. However, transplanted seedlings survived better at artificially elevated sites that were not submerged. This shows that inundation during the seedling stage impedes seedling survival. Therefore, seeds can contribute to recovery after ramet decline or colonization to open area when (i) the rainfall is not heavy to cause seedling submergence or (ii) seeds are dispersed to higher area which is not inundated.
Very rare cause of vaginal mass in pregnancy: Cavernous hemangioma
Authors: Celik Fatih , Arioz Dagistan Tolga , Köken Gülengül N. , Yilmazer Mehmet 
Published: March 2012

AbstractVaginal cavernous hemangioma is a considerably rare condition during pregnancy. There has only been one reported case to date. A multiparous, 24‐year‐old woman in the 32nd week of pregnancy was admitted with a mass prolapsed from the vagina, which had suddenly increased in size over the previous few days. A necrotic mass obstructing the vaginal canal and originating from the posterior wall was observed in a pelvic physical examination and carefully excised. The patient had contractions after the intervention and was administered tocolytic treatment with bed‐rest and fluids. Her obstetric clinical status was stable after treatment and she gave birth without complication at 37 weeks and 5 days from the vaginal canal. The main approach to these very rare tumors of pregnancy, especially in the presence of necrosis, infection and/or obstruction, should be excision. But the potential for increased blood loss that may occur due to the hypervascular structure of the tumor should be taken into account.
Fluoroscopic imaging of needle position in the tension‐free vaginal mesh procedure for pelvic organ prolapse: Two case reports
Authors: Kitagawa Yasuhide , Narimoto Kazutaka , Kawaguchi Shohei , Kuribayashi Masato , Takeyama Masami , Namiki Mikio 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe tension‐free vaginal mesh (TVM) procedure has become one of the commonly used treatments for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) due to good clinical outcome. However, there are several technical difficulties associated with this procedure. We performed fluoroscopy for imaging of the surgical procedure on the TVM to resolve the technical problems regarding needle penetration. Fluoroscopic imaging with rectogram and cystogram demonstrated the positions of the needle, pelvic organs and index finger for needle guidance in the TVM procedure. Fluoroscopic imaging may be useful to understand the movement of surgical devices in the blind space, objectively evaluate the surgeon's skill, avoid injury to the pelvic organs, and detect any such injury immediately should it occur.
Lateralized reward‐related visual discrimination in the avian entopallium
Authors: Verhaal Josine , Kirsch Janina A. , Vlachos Ioannis , Manns Martina , Güntürkün Onur 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIn humans and many other animals, the two cerebral hemispheres are partly specialized for different functions. However, knowledge about the neuronal basis of lateralization is mostly lacking. The visual system of birds is an excellent model in which to investigate hemispheric asymmetries as birds show a pronounced left hemispheric advantage in the discrimination of various visual objects. In addition, visual input crosses at the optic chiasm and thus testing of each hemisphere is easily accomplished. We aimed to find a neuronal correlate for three hallmarks of visual lateralization in pigeons: first, the animals learn faster with the right eye–left hemisphere; second, they reach higher performance levels under this condition; third, visually guided behavior is mostly under left hemisphere control. To this end, we recorded from the left and right forebrain entopallium while the animals performed a colour discrimination task. We found that, even before learning, left entopallial neurons were more responsive to visual stimulation. Subsequent discrimination acquisition recruited more neuronal responses in the left entopallium and these cells showed a higher degree of differentiation between the rewarded and the unrewarded stimulus. Thus, differential left–right responses are already present, albeit to a modest degree, before learning. As soon as some cues are associated with reward, however, this asymmetry increases substantially and the higher discrimination ratio of the left hemispheric tectofugal pathway would not only contribute to a higher performance of this hemisphere but could thereby also result in a left hemispheric dominance over downstream motor structures via reward‐associated feedback systems.
Mechanisms and urodynamic effects of a potent and selective EP4 receptor antagonist, MF191, on cyclophosphamide and prostaglandin E2‐induced bladder overactivity in rats
Authors: Chuang Yao‐Chi , Tyagi Pradeep , Huang Chao‐Cheng , Chancellor Michael B. , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: March 2012

Study Type – Aetiology (case control)Level of Evidence 3bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Recent evidence has suggested that up‐regulation of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor subtype 4 (EP4) receptor in the bladder is involved in bladder overactivity.The present study found that MF191, a selective EP4 receptor antagonist, may have effects on the bladder urothelium and inflammatory cells and suppress CYP‐ or PGE2‐induced bladder overactivity. Systemic or intravesical MF191 administration for the treatment of overactive bladder may merit clinical study.OBJECTIVE
To investigate the mechanisms and urodynamic effects of a potent and selective prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor subtype 4 (EP4) antagonist, MF191, on cyclophosphamide (CYP) or PGE2‐induced bladder overactivity in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental and control rats were injected with CYP (200 mg/kg i.p.) or saline on day 1. Continuous cystometrogram (CMGs) were performed on day 3.
In group 1, MF191 (vehicle 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) was given i.v. The bladder was then harvested for histology and immunohistochemistry. Some bladders were harvested for analysis of EP4 expression by Western blotting without a CMG study.
In group 2, MF191 (vehicle 10 nM, and 100 nM) was continuously infused into the bladder.
In group 3, bladder overactivity was induced by intravesical instillation of PGE2 (200 uM) and vehicle or MF191 (1 mg/kg) was given i.v.
RESULTS
CYP induced bladder inflammation, overactivity and EP4 upregulation. The CYP effects were suppressed by MF191 (1 mg/kg i.v.; intercontraction interval [ICI]: 39.4% increase, and reduced inflammatory cells infiltration, and EP4 expression).
Intravesical instillation of MF191 (100 nM) suppressed CYP‐induced bladder overactivity (ICI: 71.8% increase).
PGE2‐induced bladder overactivity was suppressed by MF191 (ICI: 43.2% increase).
MF191 had no significant effects on other CMG variables or on control rats.
CONCLUSIONS
MF191 might affect the bladder urothelium and inflammatory cells and suppresses CYP‐ or PGE2‐induced bladder overactivity.
Systemic or intravesical MF191 administration for the treatment of overactive bladder merits clinical study.
The extent and nature of alcohol advertising on Australian television
Authors: PETTIGREW SIMONE , ROBERTS MICHELE , PESCUD MELANIE , CHAPMAN KATHY , QUESTER PASCALE , MILLER CAROLINE 
Published: March 2012

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Current alcohol guidelines in Australia recommend minimising alcohol consumption, especially among minors. This study investigated (i) the extent to which children and the general population are exposed to television advertisements that endorse alcohol consumption and (ii) the themes used in these advertisements.Design and Methods. A content analysis was conducted on alcohol advertisements aired over two months in major Australian cities. The advertisements were coded according to the products that were promoted, the themes that were employed, and the time of exposure. Advertising placement expenditure was also captured.Results. In total, 2810 alcohol advertisements were aired, representing one in 10 beverage advertisements. Advertisement placement expenditure for alcohol products in the five cities over the two months was $15.8 million. Around half of all alcohol advertisements appeared during children's popular viewing times. The most common themes used were humour, friendship/mateship and value for money.Discussion and Conclusions. Children and adults are regularly exposed to advertisements that depict alcohol consumption as fun, social and inexpensive. Such messages may reinforce existing alcohol‐related cultural norms that prevent many Australians from meeting current intake guidelines.[Pettigrew S, Roberts M, Pescud M, Chapman K, Quester P, Miller C. The extent and nature of alcohol advertising on Australian television. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012;31:797–802]
Zuckerman‐Kuhlman‐Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA‐PQ) and Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI‐R): A comparative study
Authors: GARCÍA ÓSCAR , ALUJA ANTON , GARCÍA LUIS F. , ESCORIAL SERGIO , BLANCH ANGEL 
Published: March 2012

García, Ó., Aluja, A., García, L.F., Escorial, S. & Blanch, A. (2012). Zuckerman‐Kuhlman‐Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA‐PQ) and Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory Revised (TCI‐R): A comparative study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology.The aim of this study was to compare the psychometric properties (normal distribution values, reliabilities and factor structure) of the Zuckerman‐Kuhlman‐Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA‐PQ) and the Temperament and Character Inventory revised (TCI‐R). The total sample consisted of 482 subjects (53.1% men and 46.9% women) from diverse age. Results showed somewhat better psychometric properties, like reliability and facet‐factor structure, for the ZKA‐PQ than the TCI‐R. The expected five‐factor facet structure of the ZKA‐PQ was clear found. However, the seven‐factor structure of TCI‐R was not clear and it did not show a clear distinction between Temperament and Character factors. When ZKA‐PQ and TCI‐R variables are analyzed together, the ZKA‐PQ factors are related to the Character as well as the Temperament factors. In some cases they represent the opposite poles of ZKA‐PQ factors; for example, Neuroticism versus Self‐Directiveness and Aggression versus Cooperativeness. Some are directly and highly related to ZKA‐PQ factors; for example, Sensation Seeking and Novelty Seeking, Extraversion and Reward Dependence, Neuroticism and Harm Avoidance, and Activity and Persistence.
A comparison of impulsivity and sensation seeking in pathological gamblers and skydivers
Authors: MYRSETH HELGA , TVERÅ RENATE , HAGATUN SUSANNE , LINDGREN CAMILLA 
Published: March 2012

Myrseth, H., Tverå, R., Hagatun, S. & Lindgren, C. (2012). A comparison of impulsivity and sensation seeking in pathological gamblers and skydivers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 340–346.The aim of this study was to compare pathological gamblers and skydivers in relation to measures of impulsivity and sensation seeking. The Eysenck Impulsivity Scale – Narrow Impulsiveness Subscale and the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking were administered to pathological gamblers (n = 29), skydivers (n = 93), and a control group (n = 43). A two‐way multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to explore differences in impulsivity and sensation seeking between the groups and possible group by gender and group by age interaction effects. The significant effects were further investigated using follow‐up univariate analysis of variance. The results showed significant main effects of Group, Gender and Age, and a significant Group by Gender interaction effect. The results showed no statistically significant differences in impulsivity between pathological gamblers and skydivers; however, both groups scored higher than the controls. The skydivers scored higher compared to the pathological gamblers and controls on both sensation seeking subscales. Pathological gamblers scored higher than the controls on the subscale Need for Stimulus Intensity, although lower than the controls on the subscale Need for Novelty. We conclude that skydivers and pathological gamblers do not seem to differ in terms of impulsivity, but that the two groups differ in terms of sensation seeking. Skydivers are hence characterized by more sensation seeking compared to pathological gamblers. Skydiving, as opposed to pathological gambling, is not considered a psychiatric disorder, and skydiving may represent a more non‐pathological way to fulfill the need for stimulus intensity.
Future‐oriented emotions in the prediction of binge‐drinking intention and expectation: the role of anticipated and anticipatory emotions
Authors: CARRERA PILAR , CABALLERO AMPARO , MUÑOZ DOLORES 
Published: March 2012

Carrera, P., Caballero, A. & Muñoz, D. (2012). Future‐oriented emotions in the prediction of binge‐drinking intention and expectation: the role of anticipated and anticipatory emotions. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 273–279.The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) offers a parsimonious explanation of purposive behavior, but in the study of healthy and risk behaviors its sufficiency may be questioned. Working with binge‐drinking, a very common risk behavior in Spanish undergraduate students, we used two strategies for improving predictions from TPB: using behavioral intention (BI) and behavioral expectation (BE) as proximal antecedents of behaviors and adding as new predictors two future‐oriented emotions (anticipated and anticipatory). Hierarchical regression analyses show that while anticipated emotions improved TPB explanations of BI, anticipatory emotions improved the explanations of BE. The present results show the influence of future emotions in the prediction of behavioral intention and behavioral expectation.
Optimal Extraction of a Polluting Nonrenewable Resource with R&D toward a Clean Backstop Technology
Authors: HENRIET FANNY 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe study the optimal extraction of a polluting nonrenewable resource within the following framework: environmental regulation is imposed in the form of a ceiling on the stock of pollution and a clean unlimited backstop technology can be developed by research and development. More specifically, the time taken to develop a new technology depends on the amount spent on R&D. A surprising result is that the stringency of the ceiling and the size of the initial stock of the polluting nonrenewable resource have a bearing on whether environmental regulation speeds up the optimal arrival date of this new technology. Compared to a scenario with no environmental externalities, stringent environmental regulation drives up the optimal R&D investment and brings forward the optimal backstop arrival date only in the case of a large initial resource stock. Otherwise, if the initial resource stock is small, regulation reduces optimal R&D and postpones the optimal backstop arrival date. These results are explained by the two roles played by the backstop technology. First, the backstop serves to replace oil once it has been exhausted. As extraction is slowed down by regulation, the exhaustion of the nonrenewable resource is postponed and the long‐run gains of innovation are lowered. Second, environmental regulation raises the short‐run gains of innovation by increasing the cost of consuming just oil.
ClimatePolicy, Uncertainty,and theRole ofTechnologicalInnovation
Authors: FISCHER CAROLYN , STERNER THOMAS 
Published: March 2012

AbstractWe study how uncertainty about climate change severity affects the relative benefits of early abatement and a portfolio of research and development (R&D) in lowering future abatement costs. Optimal early abatement depends on the curvature of the marginal benefit and marginal abatement cost (MAC) functions and how the uncertain parameter affects marginal benefits. R&D in a particular technology depends on whether uncertainty increases early abatement; whether investment lowersmarginalcosts for that technology; whether R&D lowers theslopeof that technology's MAC function; and the shape of that technology's MAC function. We illustrate, focusing on the role of backstop technologies.
Economic Policy in the Face of Severe Tail Events
Authors: NORDHAUS WILLIAM D. 
Published: March 2012

AbstractFrom time to time, something occurs which is outside the range of normal expectations. We will call these “tail events” in the sense that they are way out of the tail of a probability distribution. I consider the question of the implications of tail events for economic policy and climate‐change economics. This issue has been analyzed by Martin Weitzman who proposed a Dismal Theorem. The general idea is that, under limited conditions concerning the structure of uncertainty and risk aversion, society has an indefinitely large expected loss from high‐consequence, low‐probability events. Under such conditions, standard economic tools such as cost‐benefit analysis cannot be applied. The present study is intended to put the Dismal Theorem in context and examine the range of its relevance, with an application to catastrophic climate change. I conclude that tail events are sometimes of extreme importance, and we must be extremely careful to include them in situations of deep uncertainty. However, we conclude that no loaded gun of strong tail dominance has been uncovered to date.
ResourceUse underClimateStabilization: CanNuclearPowerProvideCleanEnergy?
Authors: CHAKRAVORTY UJJAYANT , MAGNE BERTRAND , MOREAUX MICHEL 
Published: March 2012

AbstractThe long‐term goal of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the stabilization of carbon concentration in the atmosphere. In this paper, we impose a carbon target concentration on a partial equilibrium model of the global energy sector. Specifically, we ask whether nuclear power can provide carbon‐free energy as fossil fuel resources become costly due to scarcity and externality costs. We find that nuclear power can reduce the cost of generating clean energy significantly and relatively quickly. However, beyond a few decades the role of nuclear power may be considerably reduced as uranium becomes scarce and renewables become economical. The cost of carbon when nuclear power supplies a significant share of energy is much lower than that of other studies. A policy implication is that current political and regulatory impediments to the expansion of nuclear generation may prove to be costly if large volumes of clean energy need to be supplied over a relatively short period of time.