bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minor Genetic Overlap Among Rheumatoid Arthritis, Myocardial Infarction, and Myocardial Infarction Risk Determinants
Authors: Sysojev Anton Öberg , Alfredsson Lars , Klareskog Lars ,   the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register Biobank Group, Silberberg Gilad N. , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Padyukov Leonid , Magnusson Patrik K. E. , Askling Johan , Westerlind Helga 
Published: May 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether a shared genetic susceptibility exists between individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and individuals with myocardial infarction (MI)—including major MI risk factors—and to quantify the degree of any such overlap.MethodsGenome‐wide association study (GWAS) data for individuals with RA were constructed from a sample of 26,637 Swedish patients with RA and controls without RA. For patients with MI, GWAS data were obtained from a previously published meta‐analysis. Genome‐wide genetic correlation was estimated via linkage disequilibrium score regression. LAVA was employed to estimate local genetic correlations in ~2,500 nonoverlapping loci, including the major histocompatibility complex. The controls without RA were used for reference panel data. We also assessed stratified estimates of both genome‐wide and local genetic correlation based on subsamples of individuals with seropositive RA and those with seronegative RA. Furthermore, genome‐wide genetic correlation was estimated between RA and selected cardiovascular risk factors to elucidate pleiotropic relationships.ResultsFollowing quality control, our GWAS of patients with RA consisted of 25,826 individuas. Genome‐wide genetic correlation between patients with RA and MI was estimated to 0.13 (95% confidence interval –0.03 to 0.29). Six regions exhibited significant local genetic correlation, though none harbored any known risk single‐nucleotide polymorphisms for either of the two traits. Estimates were similar in both individuals with seropositive RA and those with seronegative RA. No statistically significant genetic correlations were observed between RA risk factors and any of the MI risk factors.ConclusionOur findings indicate that genetic overlap between patients with RA and MI is minor. Furthermore, genetic overlap between RA and MI risk factors seem unlikely to provide a major contribution to the increased risk of MI observed in patients with RA.image
FrseGAN: Free‐style editable facial makeup transfer based on GAN combined with transformer
Authors: Xu Weifeng , Wang Pengjie , Yang Xiaosong 
Published: May 2024

AbstractMakeup in real life varies widely and is personalized, presenting a key challenge in makeup transfer. Most previous makeup transfer techniques divide the face into distinct regions for color transfer, frequently neglecting details like eyeshadow and facial contours. Given the successful advancements of Transformers in various visual tasks, we believe that this technology holds large potential in addressing pose, expression, and occlusion differences. To explore this, we propose novel pipeline which combines well‐designed Convolutional Neural Network with Transformer to leverage the advantages of both networks for high‐quality facial makeup transfer. This enables hierarchical extraction of both local and global facial features, facilitating the encoding of facial attributes into pyramid feature maps. Furthermore, a Low‐Frequency Information Fusion Module is proposed to address the problem of large pose and expression variations which exist between the source and reference faces by extracting makeup features from the reference and adapting them to the source. Experiments demonstrate that our method produces makeup faces that are visually more detailed and realistic, yielding superior results.
The Vinyl Group: Small but Mighty – Transition Metal Catalyzed and Non‐Catalyzed Vinylation Reactions
Authors: Papaplioura Eleni , Mercier Maëva , Jerhaoui Soufyan , Schnürch Michael 
Published: May 2024

AbstractTransition metal catalysis allows for the efficient and selective introduction of vinyl moieties onto organic molecules and offers a versatile approach to synthesizing complex organic molecules. Nonetheless, few transition‐metal free vinylation reactions have also been reported, exhibiting exceptional functional group tolerance and circumventing selectivity issues. This review provides an overview of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen vinylation, presenting innovative strategies and key advancements in the field. Hence, it will serve as a valuable resource for organic chemists who are interested in the synthesis of vinyl‐containing compounds. By understanding the diverse strategies involved in vinylation, readers will gain insights into harnessing this powerful synthetic methodology for the efficient construction of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds.
m6A Methylation of Transcription Leader Sequence of SARS‐CoV‐2 Impacts Discontinuous Transcription of Subgenomic mRNAs
Authors: Becker Matthias A. , Meiser Nathalie , Schmidt‐Dengler Martina , Richter Christian , Wacker Anna , Schwalbe Harald , Hengesbach Martin 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 genome has been shown to be m6A methylated at several positions in vivo. Strikingly, a DRACH motif, the recognition motif for adenosine methylation, resides in the core of the transcriptional regulatory leader sequence (TRS−L) at position A74, which is highly conserved and essential for viral discontinuous transcription. Methylation at position A74 correlates with viral pathogenicity. Discontinuous transcription produces a set of subgenomic mRNAs that function as templates for translation of all structural and accessory proteins. A74 is base‐paired in the short stem‐loop structure 5’SL3 that opens during discontinuous transcription to form long‐range RNA‐RNA interactions with nascent (−)‐strand transcripts at complementary TRS‐body sequences. A74 can be methylated by the human METTL3/METTL14 complex in vitro. Here, we investigate its impact on the structural stability of 5’SL3 and the long‐range TRS‐leader:TRS‐body duplex formation necessary for synthesis of subgenomic mRNAs of all four viral structural proteins. Methylation uniformly destabilizes 5’SL3 and long‐range duplexes and alters their relative equilibrium populations, suggesting that the m6A74 modification acts as a regulator for the abundance of viral structural proteins due to this destabilization.
Functionalizing Sgc8‐Paclitaxel Conjugates with F‐Base Modifications: Targeted Drug Delivery with Optimized Cardiac Safety
Authors: Ma Yue , Liao Xianying , Lu Guiping , Chen Xinyuan , Qin Yu , Yuan Ancai , Wang Ruowen , Xie Yuquan , Pu Jun 
Published: May 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in cancer treatment have improved patient prognoses, but chemotherapy induced cardiotoxicity remains a prevalent concern. This study explores the potential of F‐base‐modified aptamers for targeted drug delivery, focusing on their impact on cardiotoxicity. From the phosphoramidite, F‐base‐functionalized Sgc8‐F23 was prepared in an automated and programmable way, which was further reacted with paclitaxel (PTX) to give the F‐base‐ modified aptamer Sgc8‐paclitaxel conjugates (Sgc8‐F23‐PTX) efficiently. The conjugate exhibited prolonged circulation time and enhanced efficacy as a precision anticancer drug delivery system. Echocardiographic assessments revealed no exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI) and no pathological changes or increased apoptosis in non‐infarcted cardiac regions. Autophagy pathway analysis showed no discernible differences in Sgc8‐F23‐PTX‐treated cardiomyocytes compared with controls, in contrast to the increased autophagy with nanoparticle albumin‐bound‐paclitaxel (Nab‐PTX). Similarly, apoptosis analysis showed no significant differences. Moreover, Sgc8‐F23‐PTX exhibited no inhibitory effect on hERG, hNav1.5, or hCav1.2 channels. These findings suggest the safety and efficacy of F‐base‐modified Sgc8 aptamers for targeted drug delivery with potential clinical applications. Further research is warranted for clinical translation and exploration of other drug carriers.
Doping Effects on Ternary Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Sun Yubo , Chang Chengkang , Zheng Jiening 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe ongoing advancements in lithium‐ion battery technology are pivotal in propelling the performance of modern electronic devices and electric vehicles. Amongst various components, the cathode material significantly influences the battery performance, such as the specific capacity, capacity retention and the rate performance. Ternary cathode materials, composed of nickel, manganese, and cobalt (NCM), offer a balanced combination of these traits. Recent developments focus on elemental doping, which involves substituting a fraction of NCM constituent ions with alternative cations such as aluminum, titanium, or magnesium. This strategic substitution aims to enhance structural stability, increase capacity retention, and improve resistance to thermal runaway. Doped ternary materials have shown promising results, with improvements in cycle life and operational safety. However, the quest for optimal doping elements and concentrations persists to maximize performance while minimizing cost and environmental impact, ensuring the progression towards high‐energy‐density, durable, and safe battery technologies.
Fluorescence Quenching for Determination of Catalyst Concentration in the Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization Method SABRE
Authors: Houben Till , Mysegaes Felix , Myers John Z. , Kempf Nicolas , Assaf Charbel D. , Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Buckenmaier Kai , Körber Rainer , Plaumann Markus 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn recent years, parahydrogen‐induced hyperpolarization has become a focus for future medical applications. Similar to the established dynamic nuclear polarization method, a biocompatible bolus from a hyperpolarized sample can be produced for in vivo studies. However, this requires removing toxic hydrogenation catalysts, which inevitably must be used. Additionally, the ratio between the substrate to be hyperpolarized (e. g. pyruvate) and a mandatory catalyst must also be maintained. Even the smallest differences can lead to a reduction in generated signal amplification. In particular, weighing small amounts of catalysts leads to inaccuracies in sample preparations. Fluorescence spectroscopy provides a rapid and sensitive enough approach to determine catalyst concentration. The Ir‐IMes metal complexes used in SABRE lead to a quenching of the fluorescence of the solvent, dependent on its concentration. This can be used to quickly estimate the actual concentration in a solution with very small quantities of catalysts. Hence, fluorescence spectroscopy offers a rapid and reliable quality control method for the preparation of samples to be hyperpolarized. In addition, it can also be used as a quality control method to assess filtration efficacy before administration of hyperpolarized samples.
Information acquisition or just going through the motions? Institutional investors' site visits and green innovation
Authors: Shi Peihao , Wang Hao 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe importance of green innovation in global sustainable development is increasingly recognized. Literature has documented that enhancing external oversight can improve green innovation performance. However, few studies systematically investigate the relationship between external supervisory behavior and green innovation. This study employs a game‐theoretic model to examine the relationship between institutional investors' site visits (SVs) and green innovation. Using a unique dataset covering SVs from 2012 to 2021, empirical findings reveal that institutional investors' SVs are dramatically favorable to green innovation performance, particularly among stress‐resistant institutional investors. More broadly, SVs by institutional investors with higher shareholdings and stronger reputations exhibit a substantial response to green innovation. Similarly, institutional investors' SVs significantly boost the green innovation of firms with inadequate environmental disclosure. Additional analysis documents that the quality improvement of green innovation significantly increases after institutional investors conduct more than three SVs in a calendar year. This study proposes that policymakers should improve the institutional environment for site visits, and enterprises can strategically involve institutional investors to enhance external monitoring mechanisms. The theoretical and practical implications of this contribute to boosting green innovation capabilities.
The nuclear export protein exportin‐1 in solid malignant tumours: From biology to clinical trials
Authors: Lai Chuanxi , Xu Lingna , Dai Sheng 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundExportin‐1 (XPO1), a crucial protein regulating nuclear‐cytoplasmic transport, is frequently overexpressed in various cancers, driving tumor progression and drug resistance. This makes XPO1 an attractive therapeutic target. Over the past few decades, the number of available nuclear export‐selective inhibitors has been increasing. Only KPT‐330 (selinexor) has been successfully used for treating haematological malignancies, and KPT‐8602 (eltanexor) has been used for treating haematologic tumours in clinical trials. However, the use of nuclear export‐selective inhibitors for the inhibition of XPO1 expression has yet to be thoroughly investigated in clinical studies and therapeutic outcomes for solid tumours.MethodsWe collected numerous literatures to explain the efficacy of XPO1 Inhibitors in preclinical and clinical studies of a wide range of solid tumours.ResultsIn this review, we focus on the nuclear export function of XPO1 and results from clinical trials of its inhibitors in solid malignant tumours. We summarized the mechanism of action and therapeutic potential of XPO1 inhibitors, as well as adverse effects and response biomarkers.ConclusionXPO1 inhibition has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy in the fight against cancer, offering a novel approach to targeting tumorigenic processes and overcoming drug resistance. SINE compounds have demonstrated efficacy in a wide range of solid tumours, and ongoing research is focused on optimizing their use, identifying response biomarkers, and developing effective combination therapies.Key Points
Exportin‐1 (XPO1) plays a critical role in mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport and cell cycle.
XPO1 dysfunction promotes tumourigenesis and drug resistance within solid tumours.
The therapeutic potential and ongoing researches on XPO1 inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumours.
Additional researches are essential to address safety concerns and identify biomarkers for predicting patient response to XPO1 inhibitors.
Landscape of gut mucosal immune cells showed gap of follicular or memory B cells into plasma cells in immunological non‐responders
Authors: Wang Zerui , Zhen Cheng , Guo Xiaoyan , Qu Mengmeng , Zhang Chao , Song Jinwen , Fan Xing , Huang Huihuang , Xu Ruonan , Zhang Jiyuan , Yuan Jinhong , Hong Weiguo , Li Jiaying , Wang Fu‐Sheng , Jiao Yan‐Mei , Linghu Enqiang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe gut is an important site for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and immune responses. The role of gut mucosal immune cells in immune restoration in patients infected with HIV undergoing antiretroviral therapy remains unclear.MethodsIleocytes, including 54 475 immune cells, were obtained from colonoscopic biopsies of five HIV‐negative controls, nine immunological responders (IRs), and three immunological non‐responders (INRs) and were analyzed using single‐cell RNA sequencing. Immunohistochemical assays were performed for validation. The 16S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR in faecal samples to analyze faecal microbiota. Flow cytometry was used to analyze CD4+ T‐cell counts and the activation of T cells.ResultsThis study presents a global transcriptomic profile of the gut mucosal immune cells in patients infected with HIV. Compared with the IRs, the INRs exhibited a lower proportion of gut plasma cells, especially the IGKC+IgA+ plasma cell subpopulation. IGKC+IgA+ plasma cells were negatively associated with enriched f. Prevotellaceae the INRs and negatively correlated with the overactivation of T cells, but they were positively correlated with CD4+ T‐cell counts. The INRs exhibited a higher proportion of B cells than the IRs. Follicular and memory B cells were significantly higher in the INRs. Reduced potential was observed in the differentiation of follicular or memory B cells into gut plasma cells in INRs. In addition, the receptor‐ligand pairs CD74_MIF and CD74_COPA of memory B/ follicular helper T cells were significantly reduced in the INRs, which may hinder the differentiation of memory and follicular B cells into plasma cells.ConclusionsOur study shows that plasma cells are dysregulated in INRs and provides an extensive resource for deciphering the immune pathogenesis of HIV in INRs.Key points
An investigation was carried out at the single‐cell‐level to analyze gut mucosal immune cells alterations in PLWH after ART.
B cells were significantly increased and plasma cells were significantly decreased in the INRs compared to the IRs and NCs.
There are gaps in the transition from gut follicular or memory B cellsinto plasma cells in INRs.
Tafamidis medication adherence and persistence in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in Japan
Authors: Kato Takao , Ines Monica , Minamisawa Masatoshi , Benjumea Darrin , Keohane Denis , Alvir Jose , Kim Ruth , Chen Yong , Peixoto Telma , Kent Matthew , Wogen Jenifer , Ishii Tomonori , Crowley Aaron , Sugino Toshiya , Izumiya Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to describe baseline characteristics and adherence among patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR‐CM) treated with tafamidis (VYNDAQEL®) in Japan using the Japanese Medical Data Vision (MDV) database.Methods and resultsThis study was a non‐interventional, retrospective cohort study of adult (≥18 years old) patients in the Japanese MDV claims database diagnosed with ATTR‐CM and with at least two tafamidis prescriptions of dose strength 4 × 20 mg/day between 1 March 2019 and 31 August 2021. The date of the first prescription was defined as the index date, with follow‐up time defined as the time between the first and last prescription plus the days' supply from the last refill. Baseline characteristics were assessed during a 12 month pre‐index period. Adherence was measured using two metrics: (i) the modified medication possession ratio (mMPR), calculated by taking the sum of days supplied for all fills within the follow‐up period, divided by the number of days of follow‐up, and reported as a percentage, with patients classified as adherent with an mMPR of ≥80%, and (ii) the proportion of days covered (PDC), calculated by taking the total number of days' supply dispensed during the follow‐up period divided by the number of days of follow‐up, adjusting for any days' supply overlap. A total of 210 patients were identified; the mean (standard deviation) age of the cohort was 77 (5.9) years, and the majority (89%) were male. The most common baseline cardiovascular comorbidities were heart failure (85%), ischaemic heart disease (66%), hypertensive diseases (49%), and diabetes (35%); 75% of patients received heart failure medications in the 12 months prior to index, with the most common being beta‐blockers (49%), diuretics (48%), angiotensin receptor blockers (30%), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (22%), and sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (8.1%). Over an average 14 month follow‐up, mean mMPR was 96% with a median of 100% [inter‐quartile range (IQR): 97–101%]; 93% of patients were adherent (defined as an mMPR ≥ 80%). In the same follow‐up period, mean PDC was 93.6% with a median of 99% (IQR: 93–100%). Persistence was high with 78% of patients having a 0 day gap between prescription refills.ConclusionsThis study found high adherence rates to tafamidis in this real‐world Japanese patient population. Adherence rates in this study were similar to those reported by the tafamidis clinical trial and a previously published US commercial claims adherence analysis. Further studies should be conducted to assess the impact of real‐world adherence on real‐world outcomes.
Differences in presentation, diagnosis and management of heart failure in women. A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
Authors: Rosano Giuseppe M.C. , Stolfo Davide , Anderson Lisa , Abdelhamid Magdy , Adamo Marianna , Bauersachs Johann , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Böhm Michael , Chioncel Ovidiu , Filippatos Gerasimos , Hill Loreena , Lainscak Mitja , Lambrinou Ekaterini , Maas Angela H.E.M. , Massouh Angela R. , Moura Brenda , Petrie Mark C. , Rakisheva Amina , Ray Robin , Savarese Gianluigi , Skouri Hadi , Van Linthout Sophie , Vitale Cristiana , Volterrani Maurizio , Metra Marco , Coats Andrew J.S. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDespite the progress in the care of individuals with heart failure (HF), important sex disparities in knowledge and management remain, covering all the aspects of the syndrome, from aetiology and pathophysiology to treatment. Important distinctions in phenotypic presentation are widely known, but the mechanisms behind these differences are only partially defined. The impact of sex‐specific conditions in the predisposition to HF has gained progressive interest in the HF community. Under‐recruitment of women in large randomized clinical trials has continued in the more recent studies despite epidemiological data no longer reporting any substantial difference in the lifetime risk and prognosis between sexes. Target dose of medications and criteria for device eligibility are derived from studies with a large predominance of men, whereas specific information in women is lacking. The present scientific statement encompasses the whole scenario of available evidence on sex‐disparities in HF and aims to define the most challenging and urgent residual gaps in the evidence for the scientific and clinical HF communities.