bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fracture field for large-scale ice dynamics
Authors: Albrecht Torsten , Levermann Anders 
Published: February 2012

AbstractRecent observations and modeling studies emphasize the crucial role of fracture mechanics for the stability of ice shelves and thereby the evolution of ice sheets. Here we introduce a macroscopic fracture-density field into a prognostic continuum ice-flow model and compute its evolution incorporating the initiation and growth of fractures as well as their advection with two dimensional ice flow. To a first approximation, fracture growth is assumed to depend on the spreading rate only, while fracture initiation is defined in terms of principal stresses. The inferred fracture-density fields compare well with observed elongate surface structures. Since crevasses and other deep-reaching fracture structures have been shown to influence the overall ice-shelf dynamics, we propose the fracture- density field introduced here be used as a measure for ice softening and decoupling of the ice flow in fracture-weakened zones. This may yield more accurate and realistic velocity patterns in prognostic simulations. Additionally, the memory of past fracture events links the calving front to the upstream dynamics. Thus the fracture-density field proposed here may be employed in fracture-based calving parameterizations. The aim of this study is to introduce the field and investigate which of the observed surface structures can be reproduced by the simplest physically motivated fracture source terms.
Interactions of Guanine with Cr(VI), Ag(I), Cd(II) and Hg(II) in Acidic Aqueous Medium
Authors: Shaikh AA , Paul Dilip K , Rahman MS , Bakshi Pradip K 
Published: February 2012

Guanine forms compounds with Cr(VI), Ag(I), Cd(II) and Hg(II) in acidic aqueous media. The compounds are formulated as (C5H6N5O)2(Cr2O7).H2O, [Ag{(C5H6N5O)(NO3)}2](C5H6N5O)(NO3)2, [(C5H4N5O)2Cd](C5H6N5O)Cl and [(C5H4N5O)2Hg](C5H6N5O)Cl on the basis of their metal and chloride contents. Physico-chemical properties such as solubility, melting point, IR and UV-visible spectra, magnetic susceptibility, and thermal behavior of the compounds were studied. The composition of (C5H6N5O)2(Cr2O7).H2O was also investigated by continuous variation method. Keywords: Nucleic acids; Guaninium ions; Pyrimidine ring; Magnetic susceptibilities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9699 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 106-114, 2011
Comparative study of Bangladesh Barapukuria coal with those of various other countries
Authors: Safiullah S , Khan MRR , Sabur MA 
Published: February 2012

Comparative study of the qualities of the Bangladeshi, Indian, Australian and Indonesian coals was made in terms of coking properties, calorific value, sulfur content, moisture, ash, volatile matters and carbon content. Bangladesh Barapukuria coal was found to be the best of all the coal samples with a carbon content of 56.47% and other qualities Bangladeshi coal clearly indicate that it is also suitable for value added utilization. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9712 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 221-225, 2011
IκB Kinase β Is Required for Activation of NF-κB and AP-1 in CD3/CD28-Stimulated Primary CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Lupino Elisa , Ramondetti Cristina , Piccinini Marco 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Engagement of the TCR and CD28 coreceptor by their respective ligands activates signal transduction cascades that ultimately lead to the activation of the transcription factors NFAT, AP-1, and NF-κB, which are required for the expression of cytokines and T cell clonal expansion. Previous studies have demonstrated that in mature T cells, activation of AP-1 and NF-κB is dependent on protein kinase C θ, suggesting the existence of a common signaling pathway. In this study, we show that in human primary CD4+ T cells, exposure to the cell-permeable IKKβ inhibitor PS-1145 or genetic ablation of IKKβ abrogates cell proliferation and impairs the activation of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors in response to engagement of CD3 and CD28 coreceptor. In addition, we show that stimulation of T cells in the absence of IKKβ activity promotes the time-dependent and cyclosporine-sensitive expression of negative regulators of T cell signaling leading to a hyporesponsive state of T cells.
Anxious and Nonanxious Children's Face Identification
Authors: Fitzgerald Ryan J. , Price Heather L. , Connolly Deborah A. 
Published: February 2012

SummaryThe impact of stress on children's face identification is not well understood, partly because of the ethical and methodological challenges posed by this line of research. In the present research, such challenges were addressed by having 4‐year‐old and 5‐year‐old children (n = 80) participate in swimming lessons that were anxiety provoking for some, but not all, children. Information processing conditions were also manipulated by varying event frequency and retention interval. Children's identifications were examined after both a short (1.5–4 weeks) and long (1 year) delay. Anxiety was largely unrelated to the accuracy of children's swimming instructor identifications; however, after a long delay, anxiety had a negative effect on correct line‐up rejections. In addition, the confidence–accuracy relation was influenced by the quality of the information processing conditions but only after a short delay. Implications for child witnesses are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐Transconductance Organic Thin‐Film Electrochemical Transistors for Driving Low‐Voltage Red‐Green‐Blue Active Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Braga Daniele , Erickson Nicholas C. , Renn Michael J. , Holmes Russell J. , Frisbie C. Daniel 
Published: February 2012

AbstractSwitching and control of efficient red, green, and blue active matrix organic light‐emitting devices (AMOLEDs) by printed organic thin‐film electrochemical transistors (OETs) are demonstrated. These all‐organic pixels are characterized by high luminance at low operating voltages and by extremely small transistor dimensions with respect to the OLED active area. A maximum brightness of ≈900 cd m−2 is achieved at diode supply voltages near 4 V and pixel selector (gate) voltages below 1 V. The ratio of OLED to OET area is greater than 100:1 and the pixels may be switched at rates up to 100 Hz. Essential to this demonstration are the use of a high capacitance electrolyte as the gate dielectric layer in the OETs, which affords extremely large transistor transconductances, and novel graded emissive layer (G‐EML) OLED architectures that exhibit low turn‐on voltages and high luminescence efficiency. Collectively, these results suggest that printed OETs, combined with efficient, low voltage OLEDs, could be employed in the fabrication of flexible full‐color AMOLED displays.
Risk factors for occupational hand injuries: Relationship between agency and finger
Authors: DavasAksan Asli , Durusoy Raika , Bal Emin , Kayalar Murat , Ada Sait , Tanık Feride Aksu 
Published: February 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to define the risk factors for occupational hand injuries and explore the relationship between the machines and the fingers injured, based on the records of a hospital in Turkey specialized in hand and microsurgery.MethodsFive thousand twenty seven occupational hand injuries treated at a hand and microsurgery hospital between 1992 and 2005 were included in the study. All the injuries were retrospectively recoded according to ICD‐10, (ICECI) and ILO recommendations. Logistic regression and chi‐square for trend analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors for occupational injuries.ResultsThe most frequent injuries were traumatic amputation of wrist and hand (53.2%), open wound of wrist and hand (46.3%). Considering all injuries, 60.9% of agricultural machines, 52.7% of metal working machines, 54.7% of transmission machinery, and 42.8% of wood and assimilated machines affected the right hand. Powered wood cutters, presses, planning and milling machines, and machine belts were the most frequent five machines involved in injuries, each having a different finger pattern. The proportion of machinery among all hand injuries was significantly decreasing with time.ConclusionA stricter and more frequent supervision of the use of protective equipment and prohibition of the purchase of machinery not complying with the regulations could contribute to the prevention of hand injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:465–473, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of experimental arthritis by targeting synovial endothelium with a neutralizing recombinant antibody to C5
Authors: Macor Paolo , Durigutto Paolo , De Maso Luca , Garrovo Chiara , Biffi Stefania , Cortini Andrea , Fischetti Fabio , Sblattero Daniele , Pitzalis Costantino , Marzari Roberto , Tedesco Francesco 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo show that a new recombinant protein (MT07) obtained by fusing a synovial‐homing peptide to a neutralizing antibody to C5 can be selectively delivered to inflamed synovium and can effectively control joint inflammation in experimental models of arthritis.MethodsBinding of MT07 to human, rat, and mouse synovial tissue was evaluated in vitro by immunofluorescence, and selective localization in the inflamed joints of rats was documented in vivo using time‐domain optical imaging. The antiinflammatory effect of MT07 was tested in a rat model of antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA) and in a mouse model of collagen antibody–induced arthritis (CAIA).ResultsMT07 was able to bind to samples of inflamed synovium from humans, mice, and rats while failing to recognize uninflamed synovium as well as inflamed mouse lung or rat kidney. In vivo analysis of the biodistribution of MT07 confirmed its preferential homing to inflamed joints, with negligible inhibition of circulating C5 levels. MT07 prevented and resolved established inflammation in a rat model of AIA, as demonstrated by changes in joint swelling, polymorphonuclear cell counts in synovial washes, release of interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor α, and tissue damage. A similar therapeutic effect was obtained testing MT07 in a CAIA model.ConclusionOur findings show that the novel recombinant molecule MT07 has the unique ability to selectively target inflamed joints and to exert local control of the inflammatory process by neutralizing the complement system without interfering with circulating C5 levels. We believe that this approach can be extended to other antiinflammatory drugs currently used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Efficiently Synthesizing Lacto‐Ganglio‐Series Gangliosides by Using a Glucosyl Ceramide Cassette Approach: The Total Synthesis of Ganglioside X2
Authors: Nakashima Shinya , Ando Hiromune , Saito Risa , Tamai Hideki , Ishida Hideharu , Kiso Makoto 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the hybrid ganglioside X2, which consisted of a highly branched octasaccharide and ceramide moieties, was accomplished by using a glucosyl ceramide cassette approach. With a disaccharyl donor, the heptasaccharide could not be constructed by glycosylation of the C4 hydroxy group of galactose at the reducing end of the pentasaccharide. In contrast, through an alternative approach with two branched glycan units, a GM2‐core trisaccharide, and a lacto‐ganglio tetrasaccharide, the heptasaccharyl donor could be prepared and subsequently joined with a glucosyl ceramide cassette to afford the protected ganglioside, X2. Finally, global deprotection completed the synthesis, thus affording the pure ganglioside X2.
Passive Control for Stochastic Interval Systems with Interval Time‐Varying Delay
Authors: Wang Cheng , Shen Yi 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problem of delay‐dependent passive analysis and control for stochastic interval systems with interval time‐varying delay. The system matrices are assumed to be uncertain within given intervals, and the time delay is a time‐varying continuous function belonging to a given range. By the transformation of the interval uncertainty into the norm‐bounded uncertainty, partitioning the delay into two segments of equal length, and constructing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional in each segment of the delay interval, delay‐dependent stochastic passive control criteria are proposed without ignoring any useful terms by considering the information of the lower bound and upper bound for the time delay. The main contribution of this paper is that a tighter upper bound of the stochastic differential of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is obtained via a newly‐proposed bounding condition. Based on the criteria obtained, a delay‐dependent passive controller is presented. The results are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
A computational framework for the design of optimal protein synthesis
Authors: Racle Julien , Overney Jan , Hatzimanikatis Vassily 
Published: February 2012

AbstractDespite the establishment of design principles to optimize codon choice for heterologous expression vector design, the relationship between codon sequence and final protein yield remains poorly understood. In this work, we present a computational framework for the identification of a set of mutant codon sequences for optimized heterologous protein production, which uses a codon‐sequence mechanistic model of protein synthesis. Through a sensitivity analysis on the optimal steady state configuration of protein synthesis we are able to identify the set of codons, that are the most rate limiting with respect to steady state protein synthesis rate, and we replace them with synonymous codons recognized by charged tRNAs more efficient for translation, so that the resulting codon‐elongation rate is higher. Repeating this procedure, we iteratively optimize the codon sequence for higher protein synthesis rate taking into account multiple constraints of various types. We determine a small set of optimized synonymous codon sequences that are very close to each other in sequence space, but they have an impact on properties such as ribosomal utilization or secondary structure. This limited number of sequences can then be offered for further experimental study. Overall, the proposed method is very valuable in understanding the effects of the different properties of mRNA sequences on the final protein yield in heterologous protein production and it can find applications in synthetic biology and biotechnology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109:2127–2133. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ASIS&T 2011 plenary session: How to identify ducks in flight: A crowdsourcing approach to biodiversity research and conservation
Authors: Hardin Steve 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryVolunteers engaged in crowdsourcing are providing valuable information to help understand bird biodiversity and migration. Attendees at the 2011 Annual Meeting heard Steve Kelling, director of information science at Cornell University's Ornithology Lab, explain how humans play a critical role by providing knowledge used to identify, differentiate and track birds around the world. Kelling's eBird project is a global citizen science project involving birders who report bird sighting locations, numbers, dates and time. The My eBird web pages engage birders, supporting collection and sharing of personal experiences. Smartphone apps and data‐backed dot indicators on Google Maps provide extra technology support for participants. The end goal is broad scale analysis with fine resolution about species occurrence and biodiversity, applying the kind of information that only humans can provide.
Introduction
Authors: White Layna 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryMuseums are evolving dramatically in the ways they manage and present collections and related information to consumers. The contributors explore museum informatics from distinct perspectives, reporting on museum initiatives that share the goal of enhancing audience members' experience of museum collections while distinguishing the museum among peers. Innovation is seen in a collaborative project to design a collections management system, the extra analysis made possible by supplementary video content, in‐depth examination over time enabled by specialty imaging technologies, and the use of an ontology and linked open data to make information easily accessible for research. Museums' traditional collection catalogues are moving to digital format, allowing novel enhancements, and the museum information professional's efforts can even be invisible but successful if they promote audience participation or a new appreciation for holdings.
CollectionSpace: A story of open‐source software development and user‐centered design
Authors: Forbes Megan 
Published: February 2012

AbstractEditor's SummaryCollectionSpace is an open‐source, web‐based collections management system for museums. It is being developed by and for the museum community, recognizing the commonalities in collection management and facilitating museum information processes, workflows, tasks and needs. A partnership among the Museum of the Moving Image, University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Cambridge, the project is dedicated to user‐centered design and has taken shape through workshops that identified five essential themes, starting with the idea that the software should be a museum's core information resource, serving all aspects of collection management. The software developed must be user friendly, support comprehensive data through resource linking, serve the outside community as well as museum professionals and encourage broad use by avoiding information silos. Though funding and participation challenges are normal for such an ambitious project, CollectionSpace is expected to change the way museums manage their collection information while promoting community ownership and development of the software product.
Penetration depth and size of the nonarthritic glenoid: Implications for glenoid replacement
Authors: Jung Hong Jun , Jeon In‐Ho , Ahn Tae Soo , Lee Tae Kyoon , Pawaskar Aditya , Lee Choon Sung , Chun Jae Myeung 
Published: February 2012

AbstractShoulder arthroplasty is technically demanding and relies heavily on precise surgical technique and preoperative planning. Proper glenoid component sizing plays a crucial role for successful shoulder arthroplasty. In this study, we measured the glenoid size together with penetration depth using three‐dimensional computed tomography (3D‐CT). From January 2010 to January 2011, 38 patients, including males and females, without evidence of a pathological glenoid, were enrolled for this study. CT images were taken and subsequently reconstructed in 3D images. The height of the glenoid was measured and the width was measured at five different levels (H1–H5). Axial images were taken at each level, with the anteroposterior (AP) glenoid diameter divided into eight areas (W1–W7). The penetration depth between the near and far cortices (thickness) at points W1–W7 was also measured. The overall mean height of the glenoid was 37.67 ± 4.09 mm. The width of the glenoid was the greatest at the distal 4/5th point and it was the least at the proximal 1/5th point. The penetration depth of the glenoid increased as the reference point progressed in the posterior direction, which was at the 5/7th point from the anterior margin. The measurement was greatest at the W4 point at the H1 level, but the W5 point was greatest at all other levels. On the basis of this study, the posterior and inferior parts of the glenoid are thinner than the anterior and superior parts. Thus, caution must be taken when inserting screws into the posteroinferior parts, where the glenoid is thinner than 15 mm, especially in females, to avoid penetration of the far cortex. Clin. Anat. 25:1043–1050, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase‐Catalyzed Ring Opening of the Bicyclic Amine, Nortropine: An Experimental and DFT Computational Study
Authors: Kwiecień Renata A. , Kosieradzka Katarzyna , Le Questel Jean‐Yves , Lebreton Jacques , Fournial Anaïs , Gentil Emmanuel , Delaforge Marcel , Paneth Piotr , Robins Richard J. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractAn approach combining experimental kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and quantum chemistry calculations at the DFT level was used to explore the mechanism by which the CN bond of the bicyclic amine nortropine (2) was cleaved during the catabolism of tropine (1) by Pseudomonas bacteria. The working model is that the ring opening involves the oxidation of nortropine at one bridgehead carbon position by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, followed by the protonation of the nitrogen, which leads to heterolytic bond cleavage. 15N and 2H heavy‐atom KIEs for the reaction were determined both experimentally and theoretically (DFT). Transition states were described for both oxidation and ring cleavage. Calculation of the heavy‐atom KIE values indicated a high 2H, a moderate 13C, and a negligible 15N effect for the oxidation and a strong inverse 15N and normal 13C KIEs at N and 1C for the 1CN bond cleavage. Experimental KIE values for the overall reaction were a strongly inverse 15N and negligible 2H effect, which indicated that the catalytic rate depended on the bond‐breaking part of the reaction. Thus, from the experimental and calculated results, it could be proposed that the enzyme‐dependent activation of the 1C position to destabilize the structure is a prerequisite for bond cleavage, but the driving force behind the carbon–nitrogen bond fission is the simultaneous protonation of the nitrogen of the intermediate species [3] and sp3 to sp2 transition at the 1C position. Thus, a mechanism that satisfactorily fits both the experimental and theoretical results could be proposed. It is unusual in that it indicates that the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase‐catalyzed hydrogen abstraction—though essential for the overall reaction to occur—is not the kinetically limiting partial reaction.
Characterization of the Core Oligosaccharide and the O‐Antigen Biological Repeating Unit from Halomonas stevensii Lipopolysaccharide: The First Case of O‐Antigen Linked to the Inner Core
Authors: Pieretti Giuseppina , Carillo Sara , Lindner Buko , Kim Kwang Kyu , Lee Keun Chul , Lee Jung‐Sook , Lanzetta Rosa , Parrilli Michelangelo , Corsaro Maria Michela 
Published: February 2012

AbstractA novel core structure among bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that belong to the genus Halomonas has been characterized. H. stevensii is a moderately halophilic microorganism, as are the majority of the Halomonadaceae. It brought to light the pathogenic potential of this genus. On account of their role in immune system elicitation, elucidation of LPS structure is the mandatory starting point for a deeper understanding of the interaction mechanisms between host and pathogen. In this paper we report the structure of the complete saccharidic portion of the LPS from H. stevensii. In contrast to the finding that the O‐antigen is usually covalently linked to the outer core oligosaccharide, we could demonstrate that the O‐polysaccharide of H. stevensii is linked to the inner core of an LPS. By means of high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection we were able to isolate the core decasaccharide as well as a tridecasaccharide constituted by the core region plus one O‐repeating unit after alkaline degradation of the LPS. The structure was elucidated by one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy, ESI Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometry, and chemical analysis.