bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric studies on pulsating heat pipe
Authors: Rama Narasimha K. , Sridhara S.N. , Rajagopal M.S. , Seetharamu K.N. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a numerical investigation on pulsating heat pipe (PHP) to study the slug velocities as a function of various parameters.Design/methodology/approachThe governing equation of PHP is solved using explicit embedded Runge‐Kutta method, the Dormand–Prince pair in conjunction with MATLAB with the nomenclature 45 for the determination of displacement and the velocity of the slug.FindingsThe results show that lower fill ratio, higher diameter, higher operating temperature and higher temperature difference between evaporator and condenser for a given working fluid results in higher slug velocities, indicating higher momentum transfer and hence better heat transport.Research limitations/implicationsUnder steady state conditions, the design of a PHP is facilitated through the introduction of non‐dimensional numbers.Originality/valueThe displacement and slug velocities for additional working fluids, namely ethanol and methanol, are determined for the first time. The behaviour of non‐dimensional numbers, i.e. Poiseuille number, capillary number and Eckert number in a PHP as a function of various parameters have been studied for the first time.
Development of vapour chamber‐based VGA thermal module
Authors: Wang Jung‐Chang 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how a traditional metal base plate is replaced with a vapour chamber, a two‐phase flow heat transfer module with high heat transfer efficiency, to effectively reduce the temperature of heat sources as graphic processing unit (GPU) of smaller area and higher power.Design/methodology/approachAs a first step, the nature of flow field of a vapour chamber‐based thermal module with heat sink is simulated and analysed through computational numerical method. Second, a sample is prepared according to the theoretical results and the performance of thermal modules is tested together with thermal performance experiment.FindingsThe results show that when the fin height from vapour chamber top to fan bottom area is more than 3 mm and not more than 8 mm, the vapour chamber‐based thermal module can achieve the optimum heat dissipation and the maximum heat flux may exceed 90 W/cm2. Also, when copper fins are 3 mm in height, 0.2 mm in thickness, 53 in number and spaced out 1.0 mm apart, the optimum total thermal resistance of a vapour chamber‐based thermal module is 0.28 ○C/W.Originality/valueThe Sapphire Atomic HD3870 of Video Graphics Array module for AMD RV670XT using MicroLoops vapour chamber has greater thermal performance than the AMD reference dual slot thermal module. So, AMD latest GPU is considered to be the vapour chamber thermal cooler to solve the higher power consumption.
On the application of finite differences, method of lines and pseudo‐spectral methods to smectic‐C liquid crystals
Authors: Dada K.B. , Momoniat E. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to derive a dynamic equation for modelling the behaviour of smectic‐C liquid crystals under the effect of an electric field.Design/methodology/approachThe model equation is solved using a finite difference approximation, method of lines and pseudo‐spectral methods. The solutions are compared for accuracy and efficiency. Comparison is made of the efficiency of finite differences, method of lines and pseudo‐spectral methods.FindingsThe Fourier pseudo‐spectral method is shown to be the most efficient approach.Originality/valueThis work is original; a computational comparison of numerical schemes applied to liquid crystals has not been found in the literature.
A cross‐cultural analysis of intellectual asset protection in SMEs
Authors: Bérard Céline , Delerue Hélène 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the effect of national culture on the capacity of small and medium‐sized biotechnology enterprises to protect their intellectual assets by analysing the mediator role of environmental scanning behaviour. The extent to which environmental scanning behaviour helps firms to protect their intellectual assets is investigated, and the effects of national cultural values on environmental scanning behaviour are analysed.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested with survey data from 123 biotechnology SMEs located in 14 countries.FindingsEnvironmental scanning appears to be an important step in the intellectual property strategy, as it enhances the firm's capacity to protect its intellectual assets. Nevertheless, the results show that firms located in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance, high power distance and low individualism do more scanning, whereas the capacity to protect intellectual assets is perceived as being more important in firms located in cultures with low uncertainty avoidance, low power distance and high individualism.Research limitations/implicationsCertain limitations should be noted. For instance, the research is based on cross‐sectional data, which provide limited insight into the temporal aspects of dynamic environments.Practical implicationsThe study has important implications for practitioners. It demonstrates that, in international working relationships, cultural values have a direct effect on environmental scanning behaviour, and hence an indirect effect on intellectual property (IP) protection capability. Given the strategic importance of scanning and IP for innovative firms, the results could help managers to make strategic decisions, specifically in R&D internationalization through decentralization or partnership.Originality/valueAlthough few studies have empirically analysed the role of environmental scanning in a particular domain, such as intellectual property strategic management, or adopted a comparative cross‐cultural design to do so, this paper investigates the role of environmental scanning in intellectual property strategy from a cross‐cultural perspective.
Entrepreneurial orientation in the forestry industry: a population ecology perspective
Authors: St‐Jean Etienne , LeBel Luc , Audet Josée 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThis study primarily seeks to focus on how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) may have influenced the evolution of SMEs in a constrained environment, namely the forestry industry. It also aims to find out how EO still acts on strategic intentions, management behaviour of the business leader and the SME's performance.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of an empirical study based on a sample of 717 forestry SME owner‐managers, with cluster analysis of the data, taking a population ecology perspective.FindingsThe study reveals the existence of two types of forestry SMEs. The first, which could be referred to as an entrepreneurially‐oriented enterprise, generates a large portion of its revenues from out‐of‐forest activities. The second type is a small‐business‐oriented enterprise. In the context of the forestry sector, many opportunities to start a business were created following the decision of large corporations to subcontract their wood supply. The study shows how entrepreneurial orientation may influence the SMEs population distribution within different categories.Research limitations/implicationsForestry SMEs should no longer be considered as mere subcontractors on the payroll of large firms, as the presence of genuine forestry entrepreneurs has been confirmed. These exhibit a strong entrepreneurial orientation and overcome the scarcity of opportunities in the industrial sector to sustain their growth willingness. With a shortage of entrepreneurs expected in the coming years, these “true” entrepreneurs may be called on to perform a more important role within the forest value chain.Practical implicationsEven when environment is not munificent, entrepreneurially‐oriented businesses find strategies to pursue growth opportunities. In the forest sector, diversification within the sector by offering turnkey projects to large contractors seems to be the first step to fuel further diversification outside the forest. A transition towards increasing the scope of forestry businesses as well as supporting diversification could be important avenues to pursue.Originality/valueThis may be the first time that empirical investigation of the entrepreneurial orientation has been done in a constrained environment and from a population ecology perspective. The study confirms the role of this concept in the development of entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurial opportunities in changing communities
Authors: Heilbrunn Sibylle 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate entrepreneurial opportunities in changing communities via the development of a conceptual model, drawing on Hudson's concepts of places and spaces. It also aims to explore the scope and variety of entrepreneurial opportunities in Kibbutzim located within a conceptual model of four clusters based on availability of economic and social capital.Design/methodology/approachThe sample for this study consists of 81 Kibbutzim representing 29 per cent of the Kibbutz population (277 Kibbutzim). Data were collected via official sources of the kibbutz movement and analyzed using Anova models comparing groups.FindingsThe findings reveal that both scope and variety of entrepreneurship vary within the four clusters of kibbutz communities and point to a positive influence of availability of economic and social community capital on entrepreneurial opportunities.Originality/valueThe paper presents the development of a conceptual model more sensitive to the heterogeneity of kibbutz communities than former dichotomous categorizations.
Relational capabilities for value co‐creation and innovation in SMEs
Authors: Ngugi Isaac K. , Johnsen Rhona E. , Erdélyi Peter 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relational capabilities developed by small and medium‐sized suppliers in relationships with larger customers and to explore the influences of these relational capabilities on value co‐creation and innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a framework to evaluate the types of relational capabilities developed by small and medium‐sized suppliers that enable them to manage in relationships with larger customers in the context of changing relationship requirements in the organic food sector. The methodology employed involves in‐depth case studies of small and medium‐sized UK organic food suppliers working in relationships with large retail supermarket customers.FindingsThe findings suggest that the identified set of relational capabilities may be employed by small and medium‐sized suppliers to enable them to inform and support innovation and the implementation of initiatives to create value in the eyes of their current and potential customers and concomitantly enhance their position as preferred suppliers.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings were based on a small number of case studies of small UK organic food suppliers. Therefore, there is scope for future studies to explore the issues addressed in the paper in wider relationship, network and country settings.Originality/valueThe research is among the first to offer a conceptual framework and an empirical contribution linking relational capabilities, value co‐creation and innovation in small and medium‐sized suppliers.
Do all SMEs practise same kind of marketing?
Authors: Reijonen Helen 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to get a deeper understanding of how the concept of marketing is seen and put into practice in SMEs. Furthermore, it seeks to examine whether the perceptions and practices differ according to the size, industry and customers of the SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted among SMEs in three industries in eastern Finland.FindingsMarketing was seen as a means to inform the customers about the enterprise and its offerings. SME marketers were also interested in creating and maintaining customer relationships. The main aim of marketing seemed to be to create sales. Marketing thought and practices cannot be regarded as being uniform within SMEs. The results show that they vary depending on firm size and customers.Originality/valueThe study offers an insight into the little researched area of comparing marketing within SMEs. It brings empirical evidence of the perceptions of marketing and how they affect marketing management in small enterprises.
Benchmarking tool for improved corporate social responsibility in purchasing
Authors: Björklund Maria 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a benchmark tool that can be applied to improve corporate social responsibility (CSR) in purchasing. The tool has been tested on two companies that illustrate how the benchmarking tool can be applied.Design/methodology/approachA literature review provides arguments for the importance of a benchmarking tool in the area of social responsible purchasing. The literature review also provides information about the practices and activities that can be applied as well as a structure for these. Empirical data are based on the sustainability reports of two companies.FindingsA benchmarking tool for social responsible purchasing is developed. The tool facilitates companies in their structuring, categorising and presenting of relevant data in order to benchmark their social responsibility in purchasing. The testing of the tool provided concrete examples of activities that can be used to address different aspects of CSR in purchasing.Practical implicationsThe largest contribution is the development of a benchmarking tool that can be of great help for companies and organisations in their striving towards increased social responsibility in purchasing. The tool provides guidance to companies who want to understand the areas in which their strengths and weaknesses lie. The paper can also inspire and motivate companies to discover and try new ideas and ways to address CSR matters in purchasing.Originality/valueThe paper develops a benchmarking tool that can be applied in the area of corporate social responsible purchasing.
Eco‐design planning in a Chinese telecommunication network company
Authors: Zhu Qinghua , Liu Qing 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a framework for Chinese telecommunication network companies on how to implement eco‐design by benchmarking its parent foreign company.Design/methodology/approachA case study approach is used to study key aspects for eco‐design planning in Alcatel Shanghai‐Bell Co. Ltd (ASB). Challenges and possible solutions are discussed.FindingsIt is reasonable and effective for Chinese joint ventures to develop their eco‐design planning by benchmarking their parent companies. Key aspects for such eco‐planning include top management commitments, awareness of employees, and training of eco‐design tools.Research limitations/implicationsEco‐design is still an emerging environmental tool among Chinese telecommunication network companies. As a result, quantified data about eco‐design practices and performance improvements are not available. How to record such data still requires further study and data acquisition.Practical implicationsThis paper provides ideas for Chinese (and other) telecommunication companies to develop their eco‐design planning. The proposed solutions can guide Chinese telecommunication network companies to overcome challenges for their eco‐design planning and implementation.Originality/valueThis paper puts forward a framework for Chinese telecommunication companies to initiate their eco‐design practices by benchmarking their leading parent companies. The framework can be applied to Chinese and other telecommunication network companies with few environmental experiences and practices.
Benchmarking environmental performance: five leading steel mills in India
Authors: Ruhul Amin M. , Banerjee Sharmistha 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review general applications of the ISO14001 certification process and show how limitations such as ensuring minimum environmental performance standard, public access to performance information, and peer benchmarking may be overcome by voluntary commitment to attainable standards by association of specific industries.Design/methodology/approachA replicable environmental performance (weighted) index was developed by the authors. Secondary data obtained from five (public and private) steel mills provided technical data under voluntary compliance standards. Primary data on non‐technical items of performance index were collected. The index was tested to demonstrate peer benchmarking process.FindingsISO 14001 certification cannot serve as an end in itself for industries as peer companies under voluntary compliance may exceed environmental performance. Minimum acceptable environmental standards could be enforced through industry‐wide consensus. Public access to performance indicators can be ensured under a voluntary mandate; peer benchmarking may allow for competitive goal setting. The model proposed could be gainfully replicated particularly in developing countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe weighted index used in the paper could be further expanded to include additional non‐technical items such as occupational employee health and R&D expenditure of plants on environmental management system.Practical implicationsPeer benchmarking should allow for competitive goal setting for continuous improvement. The weighted index could be replicated for other industries in India. This index with minor adjustment, if needed, could be used in other countries and by industries already certified by ISO 14001 standards for peer benchmarking toward continuous improvement.Originality/valueThe weighted index is the original contribution. It is likely to make definitive contribution to the literature of environmental performance measurement. It also makes a contribution to the benchmarking literature in general and to peer benchmarking in particular. The paper not only shows the limitation of ISO 14001 standards but demonstrates how to overcome the limitations toward the competitive goal setting and continuous improvement of performance by the benchmarked industries.
Pharmaceutical companies and sustainability: an analysis of corporate reporting
Authors: Schneider Jennifer L. , Wilson Anna , Rosenbeck Joseph M. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper is to benchmark the evolution of reported sustainability activity in the pharmaceutical sector, which has been recognized as a leading sector in industrial sustainability.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined recent published corporate sustainability activity reports for 11 pharmaceutical sector‐related companies and compared this to a similar earlier study.FindingsSustainability related activity has increased in breadth and depth, but activity is now being shifted toward corporate social responsibility, which is reflective of corporate need to satisfy public sentiment.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is formed on the basis of voluntarily reported activities and published documentation, therefore, it does contain a potential for bias and “greenwashing”; however, regardless of the impetus, the integration of sustainability is still evident.Practical implicationsThe paper is of value to the practicioner and manager to benchmark the venues and activities reported for sustainability, in other words, what is the sector participating in and what is it reporting?Originality/valueBenchmarking of corporate practice in a sustainability leadership sector provides a glimpse into the emerging standard of practice for industry.
Uncertainty principles in risk finance
Authors: Powers Michael R. 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this editorial is to consider the existence and implications of epistemological constraints in the field of risk finance arising from statistical inequalities similar to the Cramér‐Rao lower bound (CRLB) of statistical estimation theory and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP) of quantum physics.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual equivalence of the CRLB to the HUP suggests that certain statistical inequalities in the field of risk finance might imply practical constraints on knowledge analogous to those encountered in the measurement of subatomic particles. To explore this possibility, the editorial first considers the tradeoff between the variability of an estimator and the variability of the score of the associated joint probability distribution, and then interpret the latter quantity in a manner permitting the identification of real‐world counterparts.FindingsUnder certain simple assumptions, the editorial finds that the estimation of two fundamental actuarial quantities of property‐liability insurance – the expected individual loss amount and the expected discounted total claim payments – is subject to a type of uncertainty principle in that a high degree of accuracy in measuring one quantity implies a low degree of accuracy in measuring the other, and vice versa. Since the principle holds in the limit only as one, but not both, of the two quantities is measured with certainty, the editorial characterizes it as a semi‐uncertainty principle. This principle is likely to result in certain economic behaviors by insurance companies that may be verified empirically.Originality/valueThe editorial provides a concrete example of two‐financial quantities whose estimation is governed by a type of uncertainty principle similar to Heisenbergs.
The growing importance of risk in financial regulation
Authors: Ojo Marianne 
Published: May 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is not only seek to trace developments that have contributed to the importance of risk in regulation, but also to justify why risk has become so significant within regulatory and governmental circles.Design/methodology/approachThis task will be facilitated through a consideration of theories associated with risk, and by reference to two forms of risk regulation, namely risk‐based regulation and meta regulation. As well as a consideration of the application of both in jurisdictions such as the UK, the paper adopts a comparative approach through references to the their application in jurisdictions such as Germany, Italy, and the USA, and also through a comparison between meta‐regulatory strategies and risk‐based regulation.FindingsThis paper concludes that all regulatory strategies should take into consideration the importance of management responsibilities – both on individual and corporate levels. Meta‐risk regulation has not only assumed such a prominent position in regulation through its application in Basel II, but also is preferred to risk‐based regulation – not only because of the element of ambiguity which risk‐based regulation introduces into its assessment (through a consideration of the external environment of the firm), but also because of its impact of the use of external auditors in regulation and supervision.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of a move towards risk‐based regulatory strategies, and meta‐regulatory strategies in particular, is that courts are simply not adequately equipped to deal with the pace with which some financial instruments, such as derivatives, operate.Originality/valueThis paper not only introduces originality through its comparative approach and the choice of jurisdictions involved, but also through the attention it draws to the need for more innovative techniques such as meta regulation. Meta regulation can be considered to be the most evolved and collaborative form of regulation, which is best suited for such an ever‐evolving and changing regulatory environment that currently exists.