bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiacarbocyanine as ligand in dye‐affinity chromatography for protein purification. II. dynamic binding capacity using lysozyme as a model
Authors: Boto R. E. F. , Anyanwu U. , Sousa F. , Almeida P. , Queiroz J. A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA constant development of dye‐affinity chromatography to replace more traditional techniques is verified, with the aim of increasing specificity in the purification of biomolecules. The establishment of a new dye‐affinity chromatographic support imposes their complete characterization, namely with relation to the binding capacity for proteins, in order to evaluate its applicability on global purification processes. Following previous studies, the adsorption of lysozyme onto a thiacarbocyanine dye immobilized on beaded cellulose was investigated. The effect of different parameters, such as temperature, ionic strength, pH, protein concentration and flow rate, on the dynamic binding capacity of the support to retain lysozyme was also studied. Increasing the temperature and the lysozyme concentration had a positive effect on the dynamic binding capacity (DBC), whereas increasing the ionic strength and the flow rate resulted in the opposite. It was also discovered that the pH used had an important impact on the lysozyme binding onto the immobilized dye. The maximum DBC value obtained for lysozyme was 8.6 mg/mL, which was achieved at 30°C and pH 9 with a protein concentration of 0.5 mg/mL and a flow rate of 0.05 mL/min. The dissociation constant (Kd) obtained was 2.61 ± 0.36 × 10–5 m, proving the affinity interaction between the thiacarbocyanine dye ligand and the lysozyme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An investigation of the relationship between SULT1A1 Arg213His polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility in a Turkish population
Authors: Arslan Serdal , Silig Yavuz , Pinarbasi Hatice 
Published: April 2009

AbstractHuman sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1), the most expressed isoform of the phenol SULT1 subfamily, is an important member of sulfotransferase superfamily. A transition, G to A at position 638, in SULT1A1 gene, results in Arg213His change. This single nucleotide polymorphism reduces the activity and thermostability of SULT1A1 enzyme. Thus, in the present study the relationship between SULT1A1 Arg213His polymorphism and lung cancer was investigated. One hundred and six case and 271 control samples were studied using PCR‐RFLP. There was no significant difference in genotype and allele distribution between lung cancer and control populations (p = 0.07; p = 0.06, respectively). Compared with the SULT1A1*1/SULT1A1*1 genotype the variant SULT1A1 genotype (SULT1A1*1/SULT1A1*2 or SULT1A1*2/SULT1A1*2) was associated with a significantly increased lung cancer risk in cases (p = 0.027). In male populations, there was no significant difference between case and controls (p = 0.313). In female populations, however, this difference was found to be significant (p = 0.04). In smoker and non‐smoker populations, no significant relationship was evident between lung cancer and control population (p = 0.170, p = 0.065, respectively). Statistical analyses of histological types of lung cancer in comparison with the control individuals indicated a significant difference between SULT1A1 Arg213His polymorphism and SCC (p = 0.027) and other types of cancer (p = 0.037), except SMCC (p = 0.854). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Pan‐Specific Inhibitor of the Polo‐Box Domains of Polo‐like Kinases Arrests Cancer Cells in Mitosis
Authors: Reindl Wolfgang , Yuan Juping , Krämer Andrea , Strebhardt Klaus , Berg Thorsten 
Published: April 2009

AbstractPlaying polo: Small‐molecule inhibitors of polo‐like kinase 1 are mostly ATP‐competitive, and thus face enormous specificity hurdles. This communication explores the concept of inhibiting Plk1 with a small‐molecule inhibitor of the protein–protein interactions required for Plk1 function.magnified image
Application of two‐dimensional near‐infrared (2D‐NIR) correlation spectroscopy to the discrimination of three species of Dendrobium
Authors: Wang Caiyun , Xiang Bingren , Zhang Wei 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to apply two‐dimensional (2D) near‐infrared (NIR) correlation spectroscopy to the discrimination of three species of Dendrobium. Generalized 2D‐NIR correlation spectroscopy was able to enhance spectral resolution, simplify the spectrum with overlapped bands and provide information about temperature‐induced spectral intensity variations that was hard to obtain from one‐dimensional NIR spectroscopy. The FT‐NIR spectra were measured over a temperature range of 30–140°C. The 2D synchronous and asynchronous spectra showed remarkable differences within the range of 5600–4750 cm−1 between different species of Dendrobium. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA Cross‐Linking Patterns Induced by an Antitumor‐Active Trinuclear Platinum Complex and Comparison with Its Dinuclear Analogue
Authors: Zhu Jianhui , Zhao Yongmei , Zhu Yanyan , Wu Ziyi , Lin Miaoxin , He Weijiang , Wang Yan , Chen Guangju , Dong Lei , Zhang Junfeng , Lu Yi , Guo Zijian 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe center of it all: An antitumor‐active trinuclear platinum complex forms unprecedented interstrand cross‐linked triadducts with 18‐mer DNA duplexes (see figure; complex in yellow with the platinum centers in red) and behaves differently from its dinuclear analogue.magnified imageThe DNA binding and cross‐linking modes of a trinuclear platinum complex [Pt3Cl3(hptab)][ClO4]3 (1; hptab=N,N,N′,N′,N′′,N′′‐hexakis(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐1,3,5‐tris(aminomethyl)benzene) and its dinuclear analogue [Pt2Cl2(m‐tpxa)]Cl2 (2; m‐tpxa=N,N,N′,N′‐tetra(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐m‐xylylene diamine) are reported and compared. The adducts of 1 and 2 with 18‐mer duplex N1, 5′‐d(GAAGAAGTCACAAAATGT)‐3′⋅5′‐d(ACATTTTGTGACTTCTTC)‐3′, have been characterized by means of denaturing polyacrylamide gels, Maxam–Gilbert sequencing, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry combined with enzymatic degradation to obtain insights into structural features responsible for the differences in their antitumor activities. The cytotoxic‐active complex 1 readily forms various DNA adducts, such as through 1,3‐ and 1,4‐intrastrand cross‐links, and in particular, the unique and unprecedented interstrand cross‐linked triadducts. In contrast, the cytotoxic‐inactive complex 2 preferentially forms 1,4‐intrastrand rather than 1,3‐intra‐ and ‐interstrand cross‐links. Digestion of the DNA adducts of 1 shows that the cleavage is completely blocked at one nucleotide before the cross‐linked guanine residues on the opposite strand, a feature that appears to be unprecedented in antitumor platinum complexes. In the case of 2, the cleavage bypasses the first platinated guanine site and stops at one nucleotide prior to the second platinated site, confirming that very few 1,3‐intrastrand cross‐links are formed by 2. These results are supported by molecular‐modeling studies of intra‐ and interstrand cross‐links of duplex N1 with 1 and 2. The remarkable differences between 1 and 2 in DNA binding and cross‐linking provide mechanistic insights into their different cytotoxicity against the tumor cell lines; these insights are useful for designing future antitumor agents.
Produktgestaltung bei der Nanozerkleinerung durch Einsatz kleinster Mahlkörper
Authors: Breitung‐Faes S. , Kwade A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDer Einsatz von neugestalteten Mühlengeometrien ermöglicht nicht nur die Bereitstellung höherer Leistungsdichten, sondern auch den Einsatz feinster Mahlkörper. Der Effekt sinkender Mahlkörpergröße auf die Zerkleinerungseffektivität, Energieausnutzung und insbesondere Produktpartikelgrößenverteilung und Transparenz wurde untersucht.
Modellierung und Vergleich von polythermen autoseeded Prozessvarianten der Bevorzugten Kristallisation
Authors: Czapla F. , Lorenz H. , Seidel‐Morgenstern A. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractDie bevorzugte Kristallisation bietet die Möglichkeit einer effizienten Racemattrennung durch Kristallisation. In jüngerer Zeit wurden verschiedene neuartige polytherme Varianten des Prozesses unter Erzeugung von Impfkristallen im Kristallisator (autoseeded) untersucht [1]. Am Beispiel des Stoffsystems DL‐Threonin in Wasser wird hier dargestellt, inwieweit die Partikelgröße und Produktivität durch zwei verschiedene Varianten des Prozesskonzepts beeinflusst werden können, die sich durch die Erzeugung der Impfkristalle unterscheiden. Die mit Hilfe eines eindimensionalen Populationsbilanzmodells gewonnenen Vorhersagen von Verläufen der Massenanteile beider Enantiomere in der Lösung und der Partikelgrößenverteilung des Zielprodukts werden mit Versuchsergebnissen verglichen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die zwei vorgestellten Varianten des Prozesses gut mit dem gewählten einfachen Modell beschrieben werden können. Für die Bestimmung einiger der freien Modellparameter erfolgten Vorversuche ohne autoseeding, in denen Impfkristalle mit bekannter Partikelgrößenverteilung definiert zugegeben werden.
Moderne Magnesiumorganische Chemie. Neues von der Grignard‐Reaktion
Authors: Ackermann Lutz , Althammer Andreas 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMagnesiumorganische Verbindungen können in einer Vielzahl nützlicher Transformationen eingesetzt werden, die auch für industrielle Prozesse von Bedeutung sind. Jüngere Arbeiten zur Synthese hochfunktionalisierter Grignard‐Reagenzien eröffnen hierbei faszinierende neue Perspektiven für die organische Synthesechemie. Insbesondere der Zusatz überstöchiometrischer Mengen Lithiumchlorid erlaubt die Herstellung magnesiumorganischer Verbindungen ausgehend von Haloarenen oder Arenen unter sehr milden Reaktionsbedingungen. Diese hochfunktionalisierten Grignard‐Reagenzien können als Startmaterialien für übergangsmetallkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungsreaktionen dienen. Neuere Entwicklungen im Ligandendesign resultieren in hochaktiven Palladium‐ und Nickelkatalysatoren für effiziente Umsetzungen von preiswerten Chloriden und Tosylaten oder anspruchsvollen Fluoriden. Als ökonomisch attraktive Alternative weisen eisenkatalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen magnesiumorganischer Verbindungen enormes Potential für weitere Entwicklungen auf.
Papiermuseum Düren
Authors: Schwedt Georg 
Published: April 2009

AbstractIn der zwischen Köln und Aachen gelegenen heutigen Kreisstadt Düren entwickelte sich eine bis heute weltbekannte Papierindustrie. In der Region wurde erstmals Wellpappe hergestellt, und auch der Getränkekarton hat hier seinen Ursprung. Seit 1990 dokumentiert das Papiermuseum in Düren nicht nur die regionale Papiergeschichte, sondern die Entwicklungen seit etwa 5000 Jahren.
Actin‐Puzzle (fast) gelöst
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: April 2009

AbstractEnde der 1990er Jahre knackten Biophysiker und Strukturbiologen mit vereinten Kräften die molekularen Grundlagen der Muskelbewegung. Die Kraftübertragung des Myosin‐Motors, der sich an einem Strang des Proteins Actin entlanghangelt, wurde durch Einzelmolekül‐Kraftmessungen und die zugehörigen Molekülstrukturen von zahlreichen Myosin‐Varianten genauestens dokumentiert. Ein wichtiges Detail blieb allerdings im Dunkeln: die Struktur des Actins in seinem fibrillären Zustand, der dem Myosin als Laufschiene dient. Zwar lag seit 1990 eine hochaufgelöste Struktur des globulären Einzelbausteins G‐Actin vor, doch wie dieser sich in das fibrilläre F‐Actin umwandelt, konnte man nur mit groben Modellen beschreiben.
Fettabweisende Fischschuppen
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLäuft Öl auf hoher See aus, nimmt das Gefieder von Wasservögeln Öl auf. Fischschuppen hingegen weisen das Öl ab. Diese Beobachtung inspirierte chinesische Chemiker zu einer Silicium‐Oberfläche, die Öl abweist und sich selbst reinigt.
Experimentieren mit Pflanzen
Authors: Schumacher Elke 
Published: April 2009

AbstractVor welchen Herausforderungen steht die heutige Landwirtschaft? Welche Rolle spielt hierbei die Rapspflanze? Wie kann man Einfluss auf ihre Eigenschaften nehmen? Können Pflanzen Stress empfinden? Diese und viele weitere Fragen stehen am Beginn eines Labortags im “Baylab plants“ für Schülerinnen und Schüler der Stufen 8 bis 12 im Raum. Die folgenden sechs bis sieben Stunden intensiver Laborarbeit und wohldosierter Theorie schaffen schrittweise Klärung in entspannter Atmosphäre.
Studies of Benzamide‐ and Thiol‐Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Models of Oxidative‐Stress‐Induced Neuronal Death: Identification of Some HDAC3‐Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Yufeng , He Rong , Chen Yihua , D'Annibale Melissa A. , Langley Brett , Kozikowski Alan P. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractLess stress: We compare three structurally different classes of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that contain benzamide, hydroxamate, or thiol groups as the zinc binding group (ZBG) for their ability to protect cortical neurons in culture from cell death induced by oxidative stress. Novel benzamide‐based ligands selectively inhibit HDAC3 but provide no neuroprotection in the HCA–cortical neuron model of oxidative stress.magnified imageWe compare three structurally different classes of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that contain benzamide, hydroxamate, or thiol groups as the zinc binding group (ZBG) for their ability to protect cortical neurons in culture from cell death induced by oxidative stress. This study reveals that none of the benzamide‐based HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) provides any neuroprotection whatsoever, in distinct contrast to HDACIs that contain other ZBGs. Some of the sulfur‐containing HDACIs, namely the thiols, thioesters, and disulfides present modest neuroprotective activity but show toxicity at higher concentrations. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the HDAC6‐selective mercaptoacetamides that were reported previously provide the best protection in the homocysteic acid model of oxidative stress, thus further supporting their study in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases.
Highly Potent Naphthofuran‐Based Retinoic Acid Receptor Agonists
Authors: Santín Efrén Pérez , Khanwalkar Harshal , Voegel Johannes , Collette Pascal , Mauvais Pascale , Gronemeyer Hinrich , de Lera Ángel R. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractA series of arotinoids with a central benzofuran or naphthofuran ring structure were synthesized by an efficient three‐step process. Most of these 3‐substituted naphthofuran arotinoids are potent agonists of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subtypes, with activities in the nanomolar range.magnified imageA collection of arotinoids with a central benzofuran or naphthofuran ring structure was efficiently synthesized by a three‐step process that comprises a Sonogashira coupling, an iodine‐induced 5‐endo‐dig cyclization of the o‐methoxyphenyl‐ or naphthyl‐ethynyl benzoates, and finally a Suzuki/Sonogashira coupling of the corresponding 3‐iodobenzo‐ or naphthofurans. Most of these 3‐substituted naphthofuran arotinoids (but not the 5,7‐di‐tert‐butylbenzofurans with the same substitution pattern at the C2 and C3 positions) are potent agonists of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subtypes, with activities in the nanomolar range.
Perception of screening and risk reduction surgeries in patients tested for a BRCA deleterious mutation
Authors: Litton Jennifer K. , Westin Shannon N. , Ready Kaylene , Sun Charlotte C. , Peterson Susan K. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Gonzalez‐Angulo Ana M. , Bodurka Diane C. , Lu Karen H. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Arun Banu K. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Women at a high risk for breast cancer are offered choices for screening or prophylactic surgeries. The aim of this study was to evaluate opinions regarding screening and surgical strategies in high‐risk women.METHODS:Women at the authors' institution who received BRCA1 of 2 testing before July 2005 were sent a follow‐up patient survey. The authors compared responses of women who tested positive for a deleterious mutation with those who tested negative. For those who expressed an opinion (agree vs disagree), a 2‐sided Fisher exact test was used to compare responses.RESULTS:A total of 540 surveys were sent, and 312 were returned (58%). Of these, 217 had breast cancer, and 86 women tested positive for a mutation. No BRCA+ women felt mammograms were difficult to get because of discomfort, whereas 5.4% of the BRCA− group did (P = .039). Seventy percent of BRCA+ women agreed that prophylactic mastectomy (PM) is the most effective means for reducing risk, compared with 40% of BRCA− women (P < .001). PM was felt to be the only way to reduce worry in 64.7% of BRCA+ and in 34.4% of BRCA− women (P < .001). PM was felt to be too drastic for 36.1% of BRCA+ and 40.5% of BRCA− women (P = .562). Difficulty in deciding between screening and PM occurred in 23.9% of BRCA+ and 12.5% of BRCA− women (P = .046). After excluding women with bilateral breast cancers, 81.0% of women who agreed that PM was best to reduce risk underwent a PM versus 19.1% of those who disagreed (P < .001). Of women who felt PM was the only way to reduce worry, 84.2% underwent PM. Only 15.8% of women who did not believe that it was the only way to decrease worry underwent PM (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:BRCA mutation carriers were more likely to believe PM to be the best way to reduce both risk and worry of breast cancer. High‐risk women who agreed that PM was more likely to reduce risk and worry of breast cancer were more likely to proceed with this intervention. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
The role of cytomorphology and proliferative activity in predicting biologic behavior of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Chatzipantelis Paschalis , Konstantinou Panagiotis , Kaklamanos Michalis , Apostolou George , Salla Charitini 
Published: April 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The biologic behavior of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is difficult to predict in the absence of metastases or invasion into adjacent organs. In this study, the authors retrospectively evaluated the cytopathology and proliferative activity in cytology specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA).METHODS:Thirty‐five patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic NET based on EUS‐guided FNA were studied retrospectively (2002‐2007). Cytopathology and proliferative activity (Ki‐67) in cytology specimens were reviewed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A (all patients with simultaneous, suspicious, metastatic masses [unresectable tumors]) and Group B (patients with final histopathologic diagnosis). Moreover, the patients in Group B were classified into 4 risk subgroups according to the 2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification (Subgroups 1a, 1b, 2, and 3).RESULTS:Thirteen of 35 patients who were diagnosed with unequivocally malignant tumors were placed in Group A (unresectable tumors), and 22 of 35 patients were placed in Group B. In Group A, >2% Ki‐67–positive cells were present in 12 of 13 patients (92.3%). In Group B, >2% Ki‐67–positive cells were present in 0 of 6 patients in WHO Subgroup 1a (0%), in 3 of 7 patients in WHO Subgroup 1b (42.86%), in 7 of 7 patients in WHO Subgroup 2 (100%), and in 2 of 2 patients in WHO Subgroup 3 (100%). In Group A, nuclear pleomorphism/multinucleation was observed in 8 or 13 patients (61.53%). In Group B, nuclear pleomorphism/multinucleation was observed in 4 of 7 patients in WHO Subgroup 2 (57.14%) and in 2 of 2 patients in WHO Subgroup 3 (100%). In Group A, nucleoli were present in 7 of 13 patients (53.85%); whereas, in Group B, nucleoli were present in 6 of 7 patients in WHO Subgroup 2 (85.7%) and in 2 of 2 patients in WHO Subgroup 3 (100%). None of the remaining cytologic features that were evaluated (necrosis, mitoses, spindle cells, and molding/crush artifact) were observed consistently in malignant NETs.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that Ki‐67 evaluation in routine EUS‐FNA cytology specimens can be used as a potential prognostic marker in pancreatic NETs. Nuclear pleomorphism/multinucleation and the presence of nucleoli also are reliable for predicting malignant pancreatic NETs. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Interior SPECT—exact and stable ROI reconstruction from uniformly attenuated local projections
Authors: Yu Hengyong , Yang Jiansheng , Jiang Ming , Wang Ge 
Published: April 2009

AbstractSingle photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an important biomedical imaging modality. However, since gamma cameras are expensive and bulky, truncated projection data are either preferred or unavoidable. Inspired by the recent results on interior tomography in the X‐ray CT field, here we present the interior SPECT approach for exact and stable reconstruction of a region of interest (ROI) from uniformly attenuated local projection data, aided by prior knowledge of a sub‐region in the ROI. First, by analytic continuation we prove that interior SPECT is both exact and stable, and by singular value decomposition (SVD) we establish the stability of interior SPECT. Then, given the constant attenuation coefficient and object boundary, our interior SPECT reconstruction is achieved by inverting a generalized truncated Hilbert transform using the SVD technique. Preliminary numerical simulation data demonstrate that our work has practical utilities. The theoretical generalization of our work to the variable attenuation case is underway, and the same numerical approach can be applied. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A color temperature adjustment method for multiprimary displays using nonlinear programming
Authors: Cheng Yan , Liu Xu , Li Haifeng 
Published: April 2009

AbstractMultiprimary display are now widely researched and used. There is little research concerning color temperature design, namely the relationship of the primaries. It is easy to design the relationship in three‐ primary display, because that is a simple 3 × 3 matrix inversion. But it is difficult when the number of primaries gets to be more than three, because the coefficient matrix is not in a square form, which always yields an infinite solution set. This article presents a method to design the relative primary luminances of multiprimary color display. It will be useful in the multiprimary color laser projection or multiprimary color LED‐based backlighting LCD display. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 201–204, 2009