bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Role of Nicotine Stereoisomer on Nicotine Pouch Abuse Liability: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Keller-Hamilton Brittney , Curran Hayley , Alalwan Mahmood , Hinton Alice , Brinkman Marielle C , El-Hellani Ahmad , Wagener Theodore L , Chrzan Kirsten , Atkinson Leanne , Suraapaneni Sriya , Mays Darren 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Many oral nicotine pouch (ONP) brands use synthetic nicotine, which typically contains a racemic (50:50) mixture of nicotine’s two stereoisomers: S-nicotine and R-nicotine. Because tobacco-derived nicotine contains more than 99% S-nicotine, the effects of R-nicotine in humans are not well known. We compared systemic nicotine exposure and product appeal of ONPs containing more than 99% S-nicotine versus racemic nicotine.

Aims and Methods
N = 18 adult smokers (Mage = 45 years, 66.7% male, 77.8% White) enrolled in a three-visit single-blind, randomized crossover study. During each visit, participants used one wintergreen-flavored, 3 mg nicotine ONP for 30 min following at least12 h nicotine abstinence. Study ONP #1 contained more than 99% S-nicotine and the other two study ONPs contained racemic nicotine (collapsed for analyses). Plasma nicotine assessments and measures of withdrawal relief occurred at t = 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min; measures of product appeal were assessed following ONP use.

Results
Using the ONP with more than 99% S-nicotine resulted in greater plasma nicotine concentration from 15 to 90 min (p &lt; .0001) and greater maximum plasma nicotine concentration than the ONPs with racemic nicotine (M = 9.9 ng/mL [SD = 2.5] vs. M = 5.7 ng/mL [SD = 2.8], respectively; p &lt; .0001). Product liking and withdrawal relief were similar across ONPs, although participants reported more “bad effects” when using the ONP with more than 99% S-nicotine.

Conclusions
Participants reported few subjective differences in ONPs according to nicotine stereoisomer, but plasma nicotine concentration was greater for ONPs using more than 99% S-nicotine. ONPs with more than 99% S-nicotine (vs. racemic nicotine) might be better substitutes for cigarettes, but research into other ONP characteristics (eg flavors, freebase nicotine) is needed to inform regulation.

Implications
Little is known about the effects of racemic (vs. S-) nicotine in humans. In a sample of adults who smoke cigarettes, we identified that oral nicotine pouches containing racemic nicotine exposed participants to less nicotine than oral nicotine pouches containing only S-nicotine, but both types of oral nicotine pouches held similar, moderate appeal. Additional research evaluating the roles that flavorings, total nicotine concentration, and freebase nicotine play in the abuse liability of oral nicotine pouches would inform comprehensive product regulations to support public health.
Implementing Pictorial Health Warning Labels on Waterpipe Tobacco Products in Lebanon: A Policy Framework Analysis of Content, Actors, Context, and Process
Authors: Nakkash Rima , Mugharbil Sanaa , Tleis Malak , Jaafar Mariana , Asfar Taghrid , Maziak Wasim 
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Lebanon has one of the world’s highest waterpipe (WP) consumption rates. Research has documented the effectiveness of implementing pictorial health warning labels (PHWLs) on WP products at encouraging smoking cessation and discouraging youth uptake of smoking.

Aims and Methods
This study aims to gain insight into key informants’ (KIs) views on the issuance, implementation, and compliance of a decree for PHWLs on WP products. Thirteen KIs (policy makers, media, and international/local nongovernment organization representatives) were interviewed online and asked about potential barriers and facilitators they saw to issuing and implementing a PHWL decree. They were shown examples of PHWLs and asked about processes needed for implementation and compliance. The policy triangle framework (content, actors, context, and process) was used to interpret findings.

Results
Although there was clear discrepancy and ambiguousness among the KIs’ views regarding process and actors, there was more consensus and clarity around context and content. Challenges to implementation were: (1) multiple sources of production and supply of WP, (2) uncertainty regarding the responsible actors for each step, (3) prioritization of a tobacco control decree amidst a political and economic crisis, and (4) challenges to practicality of applying PHWL on the WP given its multicomponent nature.

Conclusions
This research provides an in-depth understanding of KI’s views regarding content, actors, context, and process in relation to the issuance, implementation, and compliance to PHWLs on WP products. Noted challenges require careful consideration if progress is to be made to introduce PHWLs.

Implications
A growing research base has documented the potential effectiveness of PHWLs on reducing WP consumption. Findings of this study show that implementing PHWLs on WP products requires a distinct understanding of the policy environment and context, as well as content, actors, and processes. Implementing PHWLs on WP tobacco products needs to address the complex nature of WP smoking as a multicomponent tobacco use method.
A machine-learning-enabled smart neckband for monitoring dietary intake
Authors: Park Taewoong , Mahmud Talha Ibn , Lee Junsang , Hong Seokkyoon , Park Jae Young , Ji Yuhyun , Chang Taehoo , Yi Jonghun , Kim Min Ku , Patel Rita R , Kim Dong Rip , Kim Young L , Lee Hyowon , Zhu Fengqing , Lee Chi Hwan 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
The increasing need for precise dietary monitoring across various health scenarios has led to innovations in wearable sensing technologies. However, continuously tracking food and fluid intake during daily activities can be complex. In this study, we present a machine-learning-powered smart neckband that features wireless connectivity and a comfortable, foldable design. Initially considered beneficial for managing conditions such as diabetes and obesity by facilitating dietary control, the device's utility extends beyond these applications. It has proved to be valuable for sports enthusiasts, individuals focused on diet control, and general health monitoring. Its wireless connectivity, ergonomic design, and advanced classification capabilities offer a promising solution for overcoming the limitations of traditional dietary tracking methods, highlighting its potential in personalized healthcare and wellness strategies.
Application of magnetism in tissue regeneration: recent progress and future prospects
Authors: Guan Wenchao , Gao Hongxia , Liu Yaqiong , Sun Shaolan , Li Guicai 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tissue regeneration is a hot topic in the field of biomedical research in this century. Material composition, surface topology, light, ultrasonic, electric field and magnetic fields (MFs) all have important effects on the regeneration process. Among them, MFs can provide nearly non-invasive signal transmission within biological tissues, and magnetic materials can convert MFs into a series of signals related to biological processes, such as mechanical force, magnetic heat, drug release, etc. By adjusting the MFs and magnetic materials, desired cellular or molecular-level responses can be achieved to promote better tissue regeneration. This review summarizes the definition, classification and latest progress of MFs and magnetic materials in tissue engineering. It also explores the differences and potential applications of MFs in different tissue cells, aiming to connect the applications of magnetism in various subfields of tissue engineering and provide new insights for the use of magnetism in tissue regeneration.
Periapical lesion-derived decellularized extracellular matrix as a potential solution for regenerative endodontics
Authors: Hu Nan , Jiang Ruixue , Deng Yuwei , Li Weiping , Jiang Wentao , Xu Ningwei , Wang Jia , Wen Jin , Gu Shensheng 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Pulp regeneration remains a crucial target in the preservation of natural dentition. Using decellularized extracellular matrix is an appropriate approach to mimic natural microenvironment and facilitate tissue regeneration. In this study, we attempted to obtain decellularized extracellular matrix from periapical lesion (PL-dECM) and evaluate its bioactive effects. The decellularization process yielded translucent and viscous PL-dECM, meeting the standard requirements for decellularization efficiency. Proteomic sequencing revealed that the PL-dECM retained essential extracellular matrix components and numerous bioactive factors. The PL-dECM conditioned medium could enhance the proliferation and migration ability of periapical lesion-derived stem cells (PLDSCs) in a dose-dependent manner. Culturing PLDSCs on PL-dECM slices improved odontogenic/angiogenic ability compared to the type I collagen group. In vivo, the PL-dECM demonstrated a sustained supportive effect on PLDSCs and promoted odontogenic/angiogenic differentiation. Both in vitro and in vivo studies illustrated that PL-dECM served as an effective scaffold for pulp tissue engineering, providing valuable insights into PLDSCs differentiation. These findings pave avenues for the clinical application of dECM’s in situ transplantation for regenerative endodontics.
Carboxypeptidase M modulates BMSCs osteogenesis–adipogenesis via the MAPK/ERK pathway: An integrated single‐cell and bulk transcriptomic study
Authors: Liao Zheting , Zheng Xiaoyong , Li Hongfang , Deng Zhonghao , Feng Shuhao , Tan Hongbo , Zhao Liang 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe pathogenesis of osteoporosis (OP) is closely associated with the disrupted balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We analyzed published single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data to dissect the transcriptomic profiles of bone marrow‐derived cells in OP, reviewing 56 377 cells across eight scRNA‐seq datasets from femoral heads (osteoporosis or osteopenia n = 5, osteoarthritis n = 3). Seventeen genes, including carboxypeptidase M (CPM), were identified as key osteogenesis‐adipogenesis regulators through comprehensive gene set enrichment, differential expression, regulon activity, and pseudotime analyses. In vitro, CPM knockdown reduced osteogenesis and promoted adipogenesis in BMSCs, while adenovirus‐mediated CPM overexpression had the reverse effects. In vivo, intraosseous injection of CPM‐overexpressing BMSCs mitigated bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Integrated scRNA‐seq and bulk RNA sequencing analyses provided insight into the MAPK/ERK pathway's role in the CPM‐mediated regulation of BMSC osteogenesis and adipogenesis; specifically, CPM overexpression enhanced MAPK/ERK signaling and osteogenesis. In contrast, the ERK1/2 inhibitor binimetinib negated the effects of CPM overexpression. Overall, our findings identify CPM as a pivotal regulator of BMSC differentiation, which provides new clues for the mechanistic study of OP.
Controversies in Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review of Different Anastomotic Techniques
Authors: Kotze Paulo Gustavo , Avellaneda Nicolas , de Araujo Molteni Moretti Rafaela , Carvello Michele , Paoluzzi Tomada Elisa , Caserta de Campos Fabio Guilherme , Spinelli Antonino 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:
Available techniques for ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in ulcerative colitis include the handsewn, the double-stapled and the single-stapled anastomoses. There are controversies, indications, and different outcomes regarding these techniques.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe technical details, indications, and outcomes of 3 specific types of anastomoses in restorative proctocolectomy.

DATA SOURCE:
Systematic literature review for articles in the Pubmed database, according to PRISMA criteria.

STUDY SELECTION:
Studies describing outcomes of the 3 different types of anastomosis, during pouch surgery, in patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis.

INTERVENTION:
Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis technique.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
postoperative outcomes (anastomotic leaks, overall complication rates, pouch function).

RESULTS:
Twenty-one studies were initially included: 6 studies exclusively on single-stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, 2 exclusively on double-stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, 6 studies comparing single-stapled to double stapled techniques, 6 comparing double-stapled to hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, and 1 comprising single-stapled to hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Thirty-seven studies were added according to authors' discretion as complementary evidence. Between 1990 and 2015, most studies were related to double-stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, either only analyzing results of this technique, or comparing it with the handsewn technique. Studies published after 2015 were mostly related to transanal approaches to proctectomy for ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, in which a single-stapled anastomosis was introduced instead of the double-stapled, with some studies comparing both techniques.

LIMITATIONS:
Low number of studies with handsewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis technique; large number of studies added at authors' discretion.

CONCLUSIONS:
Handsewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis should be considered if a mucosectomy is performed for dysplasia or cancer in the low rectum or, possibly, for re-do surgery. Double-stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis has been more widely adopted for its simplicity and for the advantage of preserving the anal transition zone, having lower complications and adequate pouch function. The single-stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis offers a more natural design, is feasible and associated to reasonable outcomes when compared to double-stapled. See Video.
Efficacy of a New Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler on Nasolabial Folds Correction: A Prospective, Comparative, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial
Authors: Lheritier Céline , Converset Sophie , Rzany Berthold-Josef , Cartier Hugues , Ascher Benjamin 
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND
Hyaluronic acid–based dermal fillers are the cornerstones of wrinkle correction and facial contour redefinition.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy and safety of ESTLF compared with RESL for the treatment of nasolabial folds (NLFs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this prospective, split-face, randomized, investigator and subject-blinded trial, 45 subjects with moderate-to-severe symmetrical NLFs were randomized to ESTLF on one side of the face and RESL on the other side and were followed up for 9 months. The primary end point was change in WSRS score from the baseline to Month 1 (M1). Secondary end points included changes in WSRS score at other time points, aesthetic improvement, wrinkle volume quantification, adverse events, and local tolerance.

RESULTS
The efficacy difference between ESTLF and RESL at M1 was in favor of ESTLF (−0.16, CI, −0.28 to −0.03]), demonstrating its noninferiority. Considering other time points, significant differences were observed at 3 and 6 months for ESTLF, assessed with WSRS, GAIS, or NLF volume quantification. Both treatments were well tolerated.

CONCLUSION
ESTLF is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of NLFs.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Children With Long COVID: A Case-controlled Study
Authors: Baldi Fabiana , De Rose Cristina , Mariani Francesco , Morello Rosa , Raffaelli Francesca , Valentini Piero , Buonsenso Danilo 
Published: May 2024

Background:
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a noninvasive and nonexpensive diagnostic tool, that provides a comprehensive evaluation of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle systems’ integrated reactions to exercise. CPET has been extensively used in adults with Long COVID (LC), while the evidence about its role in children with this condition is scarce.

Methods:
Prospective, case-controlled observational study. Children with LC and a control group of healthy children underwent CPET. CPET findings were compared within the 2 groups, and within the LC groups according to main clusters of persisting symptoms.

Results:
Sixty-one children with LC and 29 healthy controls were included. Overall, 90.2% of LC patients (55 of 61) had a pathologic test vs 10.3% (3/29) of the healthy control. Children with LC presented a statistically significant higher probability of having abnormal values of peak VO2 (P = 0.001), AT% pred (P <0.001), VO2/HR % (P = 0.03), VO2 work slope (P = 0.002), VE/VCO2 slope (P = 0.01). The mean VO2 peak was 30.17 (±6.85) in LC and 34.37 (±6.55) in healthy patients (P = 0.007).

Conclusions:
Compared with healthy controls, children with LC have objective impaired functional capacity (expressed by a low VO2 peak), signs of deconditioning and cardiogenic inefficiency when assessed with CPET. As such, CPET should be routinely used in clinical practice to objectify and phenotype the functional limitations of children with LC, and to follow-up them.
RSV Severe Infection Risk Stratification in a French 5-Year Birth Cohort Using Machine-learning
Authors: Horvat Côme , Chauvel Cécile , Casalegno Jean-Sebastien , Benchaib Mehdi , Ploin Dominique , Nunes Marta C. ,   on behalf of the VRS Study Group in Lyon
Published: May 2024

Background:
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a substantial threat to infants, often leading to challenges in hospital capacity. With recent pharmaceutical developments to be used during the prenatal and perinatal periods aimed at decreasing the RSV burden, there is a pressing need to identify infants at risk of severe disease. We aimed to stratify the risk of developing a clinically severe RSV infection in infants under 1 year of age.

Methods:
This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Hospices Civils de Lyon, France, involving infants born between 2014 and 2018. This study focused on infants hospitalized with severe and very severe acute lower respiratory tract infections associated with RSV (SARI-WI group). Data collection included perinatal information and clinical data, with machine-learning algorithms used to discriminate SARI-WI cases from nonhospitalized infants.

Results:
Of 42,069 infants, 555 developed SARI-WI. Infants born in November were very likely (>80%) predicted SARI-WI. Infants born in October were very likely predicted SARI-WI except for births at term by vaginal delivery and without siblings. Infants were very unlikely (<10%) predicted SARI-WI when all the following conditions were met: born in other months, at term, by vaginal delivery and without siblings. Other infants were possibly (10–30%) or probably (30–80%) predicted SARI-WI.

Conclusions:
Although RSV preventive measures are vital for all infants, and specific recommendations exist for patients with high-risk comorbidities, in situations where prioritization becomes necessary, infants born just before or within the early weeks of the epidemic should be considered as a risk group.
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction as systemic lupus erythematosus complication: is it time to reconsider the role of surgery?: A case report of a tailored multidisciplinary managed 44-year-old male patient
Authors: Romeo Mario , Dallio Marcello , Pellegrino Raffaele , Lucido Francesco Saverio , Parisi Simona , Gambardella Claudio , Panarese Iacopo , Russo Anna , Docimo Ludovico , Federico Alessandro 
Published: May 2024

Rationale:
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) represents an unclarified dysmotility disorder characterized by clinic-radiological signs of intestinal obstruction not associated with organic conditions. IPO may occur as a rare complication of autoimmune connective tissue diseases, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Surgery is recognized as having a marginal management position for IPO patients: this case investigates its role, in the context of a multidisciplinary approach, in the diagnosis and treatment of acute complications of IPO.

Patient concerns:
An SLE-affected 44-year-old man with a history of recurring nonspecific abdominal sub-obstructive episodes was admitted to our department for constipation, vomiting, and unintentional weight loss. Clinical examination revealed a family history of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG). Laboratory tests, including Systemic Sclerosis screening, presented no significant alterations. Abdominal X-ray highlighted multiple air-fluid levels; contrast-enhanced CT showed fluid surrounding dilated loops, and fluid-filled ileal loops, without evidence of organic intrinsic/ab-extrinsic obstruction, perforation, or extraluminal gas. Considering these findings, stenosing-pattern Crohn disease and strictures-complicated EG were mainly suspected. However, ileum-colonoscopy with the histological analysis resulted in inconclusive for Crohn disease and EG.

Diagnosis:
The histological examination, by showing an SLE fibro-inflammatory pattern, not sparing the enteric plexus, infiltrating the intestinal wall of the surgical samples collected during the right hemicolectomy intervention, allowed the diagnosis of IPO.

Interventions and outcomes:
The patient, indeed, was initially managed conservatively with nasogastric decompression, immunosuppressive therapy, and parenteral nutrition by a multidisciplinary team including gastroenterologists, rheumatologists, and nutritionists. Unfortunately, 2 weeks later, the worsening symptoms required a lifesaving right hemicolectomy followed by ileostomy.

Lessons:
IPO should be suspected in SLE patients presenting treated-unresponsive GI symptoms. Its early recognition finalized to start a tailored multidisciplinary approach appears prognostically crucial. Surgery could represent a paramount diagnostic moment and therapeutic life-saving approach.
Liquid biomarkers in prostate cancer: recent advancements and future directions
Authors: Wong Chris Ho-Ming , Ko Ivan Ching-Ho , Ng Chi Fai 
Published: May 2024

Purpose of review
Traditional diagnostic approaches of prostate cancer like PSA are limited by high false-positive rates and insufficient capture of tumour heterogeneity, necessitating the development of more precise tools. This review examines the latest advancements in liquid biomarkers for prostate cancer, focusing on their potential to refine diagnostic accuracy and monitor disease progression.

Recent findings
Liquid biomarkers have gained prominence because of their minimally invasive nature and ability to reflect the molecular characteristics of prostate cancer. Circulating tumour cells provide insight into tumour cell dissemination and are indicative of aggressive disease phenotypes, with single-cell analyses revealing genomic instability and treatment resistance. Circulating tumour DNA offers real-time tumour genomic information, aiding in treatment decision-making in advanced prostate cancer, where it has been associated with clinical progression. MicroRNAs act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors and exhibit diagnostic and prognostic potential; however, their clinical utility is constrained by the lack of consistent validation. Extracellular vesicles contain tumour-derived biomolecules, with specific proteins demonstrating prognostic relevance. Applications of these markers to urinary testing have been demonstrated.

Summary
Liquid biomarkers show potential in refining prostate cancer management. Future research should aim to integrate these biomarkers into a cohesive framework in line with precision medicine principles.