bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical implications of estrogen supplementation in early postmenopausal women
Authors: Wehrli Felix W , Rajapakse Chamith S , Magland Jeremy F , Snyder Peter J 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Whereas the structural implications of drug intervention are well established, there are few data on the possible mechanical consequences of treatment. In this work we examined the changes in elastic and shear moduli (EM and SM) in a region of trabecular bone in the distal radius and distal tibia of early postmenopausal women on the basis of MRI-based micro-finite-element (µFE) analysis. Whole-section axial stiffness (AS) encompassing both trabecular and cortical compartments was evaluated as well. The study was conducted on previously acquired high-resolution images at the two anatomic sites. Images were processed to yield a 3D voxel array of bone-volume fraction (BVF), which was converted to a µFE model of hexahedral elements in which tissue modulus was set proportional to voxel BVF. The study comprised 65 early postmenopausal women (age range 45 to 55 years), of whom 32 had chosen estrogen supplementation (estradiol group); the remainder had not (control group). Subjects had been scanned at baseline and 12 and 24 months thereafter. At the distal tibia, EM and SM were reduced by 2.9% to 5.5% in the control group (p &lt; .05 to &lt;.005), but there was no change in the estradiol subjects. AS decreased 3.9% (4.0%) in controls (p &lt; .005) and increased by 5.8% (6.2%) in estradiol group subjects (p &lt; .05) at 12 (24) months. At the distal radius, EM and SM changes from baseline were not significant, but at both time points AS was increased in estradiol group subjects and decreased in controls (p &lt; .005 to &lt;.05), albeit by a smaller margin than at the tibia. EM and SM were strongly correlated with BV/TV (r2 = 0.44 to 0.92) as well as with topologic parameters expressing the ratio of plates to rods (r2 = 0.45 to 0.82), jointly explaining up to 96% of the variation in the mechanical parameters. Finally, baseline AS was strongly correlated between the two anatomic sites (r2 = 0.58), suggesting that intersubject variations in the bone's mechanical competence follows similar mechanisms. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that micro-MRI-based µFE models are suited for the study of the mechanical implications of antiresorptive treatment. The data further highlight the anabolic effect of short-term estrogen supplementation. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Time since prior fracture is a risk modifier for 10-year osteoporotic fractures
Authors: Giangregorio Lora M , Leslie William D 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the importance of time since prior fracture as a risk factor for future osteoporotic fractures and how it affects 10-year fracture rates. We identified 39,991 women 45 years of age or older undergoing baseline bone mineral density (BMD) testing (1990–2007) from a regional database that contains dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results for Manitoba, Canada. Health service records were used to identify nontrauma ICD-9-CM fracture codes preceding DXA, grouped as “major” fractures (n = 5178; hip, spine, forearm, and humerus) or “minor” fractures (n = 3479; ribs, sternum, pelvis, trunk, clavicle, scapula, patella, tibia/fibula, and ankle). Time since prior fracture was coded in years as less than 1, 1 to 5, 5 to 10, and more than 10. Incident fractures (ie, hip, spine, forearm, and humerus) after BMD testing were identified (mean follow-up 4.2 years, maximum 10 years) and studied in Cox proportional-hazards models adjusted for age, BMD T-score, and other covariates. After BMD testing, n = 1749 (4.4%) women experienced an incident fracture. Prior major fracture was a strong risk factor for incident fracture, greatest risk in the first year [hazard ratio (HR) 1.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60–2.25], declining by more than 10 years (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.25–2.10). Prior minor fracture was a weaker risk factor, greatest in the first year (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.13–1.87) and no longer significant by 1 to 5 years. Major and minor fractures both showed a time-dependent decline in importance as risk factors. In conclusion, time since prior fracture modifies future fracture risk, but prior fractures of the hip, spine, forearm, and humerus remain strong risk factors even 10 years later. Fracture risk assessment should emphasize the importance of prior fractures at these sites.
Pathway-based genome-wide association analysis identified the importance of regulation-of-autophagy pathway for ultradistal radius BMD
Authors: Zhang Lishu , Guo Yan-Fang , Liu Yao-Zhong , Liu Yong-Jun , Xiong Dong-Hai , Liu Xiao-Gang , Wang Liang , Yang Tie-Lin , Lei Shu-Feng , Guo Yan , Yan Han , Pei Yu-Fang , Zhang Feng , Papasian Christopher J , Recker Robert R , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Wrist fracture is not only one of the most common osteoporotic fractures but also a predictor of future fractures at other sites. Wrist bone mineral density (BMD) is an important determinant of wrist fracture risk, with high heritability. Specific genes underlying wrist BMD variation are largely unknown. Most published genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have focused only on a few top-ranking single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)/genes and considered each of the identified SNPs/genes independently. To identify biologic pathways important to wrist BMD variation, we used a novel pathway-based analysis approach in our GWAS of wrist ultradistal radius (UD) BMD, examining approximately 500,000 SNPs genome-wide from 984 unrelated whites. A total of 963 biologic pathways/gene sets were analyzed. We identified the regulation-of-autophagy (ROA) pathway that achieved the most significant result (p = .005, qfdr = 0.043, pfwer = 0.016) for association with UD BMD. The ROA pathway also showed significant association with arm BMD in the Framingham Heart Study sample containing 2187 subjects, which further confirmed our findings in the discovery cohort. Earlier studies indicated that during endochondral ossification, autophagy occurs prior to apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes, and it also has been shown that some genes in the ROA pathway (e.g., INFG) may play important roles in osteoblastogenesis or osteoclastogenesis. Our study supports the potential role of the ROA pathway in human wrist BMD variation and osteoporosis. Further functional evaluation of this pathway to determine the mechanism by which it regulates wrist BMD should be pursued to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of wrist osteoporosis. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Cell-based immunotherapy with mesenchymal stem cells cures bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw–like disease in mice
Authors: Kikuiri Takashi , Kim Insoo , Yamaza Takyoshi , Akiyama Kentaro , Zhang Qunzhou , Li Yunsheng , Chen Chider , Chen WanJun , Wang Songlin , Le Anh D , Shi Songtao 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
Patients on high-dose bisphosphonate and immunosuppressive therapy have an increased risk of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ); despite the disease severity, its pathophysiology remains unknown, and appropriate therapy is not established. Here we have developed a mouse model of BRONJ-like disease that recapitulates major clinical and radiographic manifestations of the human disease, including characteristic features of an open alveolar socket, exposed necrotic bone or sequestra, increased inflammatory infiltrates, osseous sclerosis, and radiopaque alveolar bone. We show that administration of zoledronate, a potent aminobisphosphonate, and dexamethasone, an immunosuppressant drug, causes BRONJ-like disease in mice in part by suppressing the adaptive regulatory T cells, Tregs, and activating the inflammatory T-helper-producing interleukin 17 cells, Th17. Most interestingly, we demonstrate that systemic infusion with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prevents and cures BRONJ-like disease possibly via induction of peripheral tolerance, shown as an inhibition of Th17 and increase in Treg cells. The suppressed Tregs/Th17 ratio in zoledronate- and dexamethasone-treated mice is restored in mice undergoing salvage therapy with Tregs. These findings provide evidence of an immunity-based mechanism of BRONJ-like disease and support the rationale for in vivo immunomodulatory therapy using Tregs or MSCs to treat BRONJ. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Genetically determined phenotype covariation networks control bone strength
Authors: Jepsen Karl J , Courtland Hayden-William , Nadeau Joseph H 
Published: January 2010

Abstract
To identify genes affecting bone strength, we studied how genetic variants regulate components of a phenotypic covariation network that was previously shown to accurately characterize the compensatory trait interactions involved in functional adaptation during growth. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) regulating femoral robustness, morphologic compensation, and mineralization (tissue quality) were mapped at three ages during growth using AXB/BXA Recombinant Inbred (RI) mouse strains and adult B6-iA Chromosome Substitution Strains (CSS). QTLs for robustness were identified on chromosomes 8, 12, 18, and 19 and confirmed at all three ages, indicating that genetic variants established robustness postnatally without further modification. A QTL for morphologic compensation, which was measured as the relationship between cortical area and body weight, was identified on chromosome 8. This QTL limited the amount of bone formed during growth and thus acted as a setpoint for diaphyseal bone mass. Additional QTLs were identified from the CSS analysis. QTLs for robustness and morphologic compensation regulated bone structure independently (ie, in a nonpleiotropic manner), indicating that each trait may be targeted separately to individualize treatments aiming to improve strength. Multiple regression analyses showed that variation in morphologic compensation and tissue quality, not bone size, determined femoral strength relative to body weight. Thus an individual inheriting slender bones will not necessarily inherit weak bones unless the individual also inherits a gene that impairs compensation. This systems genetic analysis showed that genetically determined phenotype covariation networks control bone strength, suggesting that incorporating functional adaptation into genetic analyses will advance our understanding of the genetic basis of bone strength. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel production: Carbon dioxide sequestration, lipid production and biofuel quality
Authors: Francisco Érika C , Neves Débora B , Jacob‐Lopes Eduardo , Franco Telma T 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: The novelty of this work is the estimation of the fuel properties of biodiesel, a comparison study with conventional sources of biodiesel commonly used as feedstock, and an investigation for meeting the requirements of the standard specifications for this fuel produced by six strains of microalgae (three cyanobacteria, two green algae and one diatom), cultivated photosynthetically in a bubble column photobioreactor. Lipid productivity and biofuel quality were the criteria for species selection.RESULTS: Chlorella vulgaris was found to be the best strain for use as a feedstock for biodiesel production and for this specie, a carbon dioxide sequestration rate of 17.8 mg L−1 min−1, a biomass productivity of 20.1 mg L−1 h−1, a lipid content of 27.0% and a lipid productivity of 5.3 mg L−1 h−1 were obtained. Qualitative analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters demonstrates the predominance of saturated (43.5%) and monounsaturated (41.9%) fatty acids. The quality properties of the biodiesel were an ester content of 99.8%, a cetane number of 56.7; an iodine value of 65.0 g I2 100 g−1; a degree of unsaturation of 74.1% and a cold filter plugging point of 4.5 °C.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that among the fuel properties tested, the microalgal biodiesel complies with the US Standard (ASTM 6751), European Standard (EN 14214), Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP 255) and Australian Standard for biodiesel. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Extra‐departmental anatomic pathology expert consultation inTaiwan: A research grant supported 4‐year experience
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Yi , Su Ih‐Jen , Lin Ming‐Chieh , Kuo Tseng‐tong , Jung Shih‐Ming , Ho Donald Ming‐Tak 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBackgroundThis report analyzed a research project supported nationwide expert consultation of anatomic pathology in Taiwan.MethodsThe data were collected from the requisitions and consultation reports of 2,686 cases in this project from 2003 to 2006. The number of cases, tissue origin, additional special stains, turnaround time (TAT), concordance, discordance, referring pathologists, and consultants were analyzed.ResultsSkin, hematopoietic system, and bone and soft tissue were the most common (48.3%) specimens sent for consultation. The tentative diagnosis and consultation diagnosis were discordant in 1,074 (64.3%) cases. Major discrepancy was seen in 205 (12.3%) cases, of which 66.8% were changed from malignant to benign, 21.0% were changed from benign to malignant, whereas 12.2% were changed from one category of malignancy to another. Additional special stains were performed on 38.7% of cases and hematology specimen was the most frequent. The mean TAT was 3.4 days. Pathologists working in institutes having fewer pathologists sent more cases for consultation. The opinion of the estimated annual consultation rate from the pathologists in Taiwan was 0.7%.ConclusionsThis program was beneficial simply by helping the referring pathologists in the workup and diagnosis. This result made the entire program a reasonable quality improvement program. J. Surg. Oncol. 2010; 101:430–435. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paley‐Wiener estimates for the Heisenberg group
Authors: Führ Hartmut 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThe Paley‐Wiener space PW (G) on a stratified Lie group G is defined via the spectral decomposition of the associated sub‐Laplacian. In this paper, we show that functions in PW (ℍ), where ℍ denotes the Heisenberg group, extend to an entire function on the complexification ℍℂ, satisfying a growth estimate of exponential order two. We also show that a converse, characterizing elements of PW (ℍ) only in terms of pointwise growth behaviour of the entire extension, is not available (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interpolation properties of Besov spaces defined on metric spaces
Authors: Gogatishvili Amiran , Koskela Pekka , Shanmugalingam Nageswari 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet X = (X, d, μ)be a doubling metric measure space. For 0 < α < 1, 1 ≤p, q < ∞, we define semi‐norms
equation image
When q = ∞ the usual change from integral to supremum is made in the definition. The Besov space Bp, qα (X) is the set of those functions f in Llocp(X) for which the semi‐norm ‖f ‖ is finite. We will show that if a doubling metric measure space (X, d, μ) supports a (1, p)‐Poincaré inequality, then the Besov space Bp, qα (X) coincides with the real interpolation space (Lp (X), KS1, p(X))α, q, where KS1, p(X) is the Sobolev space defined by Korevaar and Schoen [15]. This results in (sharp) imbedding theorems. We further show that our definition of a Besov space is equivalent with the definition given by Bourdon and Pajot [3], and establish a trace theorem (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Variant sandwich pairs
Authors: Schechter Martin 
Published: January 2010

AbstractSince the development of the calculus of variations there has been interest in finding critical points of functionals. This was intensified by the fact that for many equations arising in practice, the solutions are critical points. In searching for such points, there is a distinct advantage if the functional G is semibounded. In this case one can find a Palais‐Smale (PS) sequence
G (uk) → c, G ′(uk) → 0
or even a Cerami sequence
G (uk) → c, (1 + ‖uk ‖)G ′(uk) → 0.
These sequences produce critical points if they have convergent subsequences. However, there is no clear method of finding critical points of functionals which are not semibounded. Linking subsets do provide such a method. They can produce a PS sequence provided they separate the functional. In previous papers we have shown that there are pairs of subsets that can produce Cerami‐like sequences even though they do not separate the functional. We call such sets sandwich pairs. All that is required is that the functional be bounded from above on one ofthe sets and bounded from below on the other, with no relationship needed between the bounds. This provides a distinct advantage in applications. The present paper discusses the situation in which one cannot find linking subsets which separate the functional or sandwich pairs for which the functional is bounded below on one set and bounded above on the other. We develop a method which can deal with such situations. We apply the method to problems in partial differential equations (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Estimates for the uniform norm of complex polynomials in the unit disk
Authors: Fournier Richard , Letac Gérard , Ruscheweyh Stephan 
Published: January 2010

AbstractLet ‖ · ‖ denote the uniform norm in the unit disk of the complex plane ℂ. The main result in this note is as follows: For any complex polynomial P of degree at most n and any α ∈ ℂ the inequality
‖P ‖ ⩽ (n + 1)(‖z P (z) + α ‖ ‐ |α |)
holds. For any α ≠ 0 the factor n + 1 is best possible, and we determine the cases of equality (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Searching for good mood: Examining relationships between search task and mood
Authors: Lopatovska Irene 
Published: January 2010

AbstractWe analyzed mood changes before, during and after online information search and examined effects of search tasks' type on the mood. Searchers' mood was measured using the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). Search tasks were characterized by the topic, sequence in a search process, difficulty level, and searcher's interest in a task. Our analysis indicates that participants' mood remained stable during the course of the search and was not affected by the search task topic, sequence in a search process, difficulty level and searchers' interest level. Our findings suggest that searching is a complex experience and factors outside of the search task domain may contribute to searcher's mood.
The development of students' information literacy and IT skills via inquiry PBL and collaborative teaching
Authors: Chu Samuel Kai Wah , Chow Ken , Tse Shek‐kam 
Published: January 2010

AbstractRecent research has shown that inquiry‐based learning and project‐based learning (PBL) are better than the traditional didactic approach in promoting various learning outcomes. There is also a large literature on how collaboration among different teachers can enhance student learning. In Hong Kong, inquiry‐based learning has been integrated into the General Studies curriculum. This study investigated the effects of an intervention that used a collaborative teaching approach and inquiry project‐based learning on the development of primary students' information literacy and information technology skills. Students in a Hong Kong primary school completed two inquiry‐based group projects as part of their General Studies curriculum. A collaborative teaching approach involving three teachers with different specialties (Language [Chinese], IT, and General Studies) and a school librarian was taken in guiding students through the two projects. Results indicated the positive impact of collaborative teaching and inquiry PBL on the development of students' information literacy and IT skills.
Results of a factorial survey investigating the health information seeking behaviors of older adults
Authors: Stansbury Mary , Ludwick Ruth 
Published: January 2010

AbstractThis paper presents the results of research of an experimental research method, the factorial survey, investigating the health information seeking preferences of older adults (60 years and older). Volunteer subjects from rural, urban, and suburban areas in Ohio participated in this study; 450 subjects responded to health information seeking vignettes (the key feature of factorial surveys) and provided demographic data. Using regression analysis and ANOVA, findings from this study address preferences for the format of materials, information on particular health topics, and, preferences for receiving assistance from information providers such as librarians, nurses, pharmacists, and, doctors.
“A lot of people didn't have a chance to support us because we never told them” Stigma management, information poverty and HIV/AIDS information/help networks
Authors: Veinot Tiffany 
Published: January 2010

AbstractBecause of fears of stigmatization, people with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) may avoid health care and refuse illness‐related information and support. However, HIV/AIDS‐related information, especially that which is provided by other people, has also been shown to a vital resource for PHAs and their loved ones. This research examines the role of stigmatization in PHAs' and their friends/family members' efforts to establish personal networks for HIV/AIDS‐related information and help ("information/help networks"). To investigate this question, I draw upon Goffman's (1963) stigma management theory and Chatman's (1996) theory of information poverty. Semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 114 PHAs, their friends/family members, health care and service providers in three rural regions of Canada. Results revealed that the majority of PHAs and friends/family members had relatively small networks for HIV/AIDS information/help. For many participants, the challenges of living with HIV/AIDS led to changes in their personal networks, and stigmatization playing a significant part in such changes. Participants developed information/help networks in a manner consistent with stigma management theory in their decisions to disclose selectively to others, to avoid the topic in conversation, to obtain information/help at a distance or to acquire information/help without disclosing their HIV status. However, in contrast to Chatman's theory, participants did not wholly avoid information from interpersonal sources nor believe that no one was available to help them. These findings suggest that information behaviour theory may need to evolve in order to account for the complexity of self‐protective behaviour.
Towards a cross‐disciplinary notion of data level in data curation
Authors: Renear Allen H. , Dolan Molly , Trainor Kevin , Cragin Melissa H. 
Published: January 2010

AbstractOriginally focused on scientific data, the data curation community is now taking up the curation problems of humanities data as well. Sharing concepts and terminology across these domains should be valuable for both the practice of data curation, and the education of data curation professionals. To convene a discussion of the possibilities we outline an exercise mapping NASA's well‐known four “data levels” to practices and concepts in traditional textual criticism.