bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and mapping of RpsYu25, a novel resistance gene to Phytophthora sojae
Authors: Sun S. , Wu X. L. , Zhao J. M. , Wang Y. C. , Tang Q. H. , Yu D. Y. , Gai J. Y. , Xing H. 
Published: August 2010

With 3 figures and 2 tables AbstractPhytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora sojae Kaufm. and Gerd., is one of the most devastating diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] worldwide. Growing PRR resistant cultivars is the major method of controlling this disease. However, populations of P. sojae, existing in many soybean‐growing regions, cause disease on plants with the known Rps (Resistance to P. sojae) genes. Consequently, the need for new resistance loci is great. Chinese soybean lines ‘Yudou 25’ and ‘Zheng 92116’ showed different reaction types to P. sojae isolates as compared with those with known Rps genes, which suggests that these lines may carry novel resistance loci or alleles. To map the possible gene(s) for PRR resistance in ‘Yudou 25’ and ‘Zheng 92116’, two soybean populations, ‘Yudou 25’ × ‘NG 6255’ and ‘Zheng 92116’ × ‘NH 5’, were evaluated to determine their responses to P. sojae and genotypes of SSR markers. Results indicated that the resistance in these lines was conferred by the same single dominant gene, which is located on MLG N and temporarily designated RpsYu25.
Formation of an Antral Follicle–like Structure of Bovine Cumulus–Oocyte Complexes Embedded Individually or in Groups in Collagen Gels
Authors: Abakushina EV , Morita Y , Kaedei Y , Tanihara F , Namula Z , Viet VL , Otoi T 
Published: August 2010

ContentsCulture techniques of antral follicle–like structure (AFLS) derived from cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) might provide important insights into follicular development and oocyte maturation. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of embedding bovine COCs individually (one COC) or in groups (4–5 COCs) in collagen gels on the formation of AFLS and the meiotic status of oocytes. The observations of AFLS formation were performed every second day for 14 days. The AFLS was formed at Day 2 or 4 after the start of culture (Day = 0), irrespective of the culture methods. The mean diameters of AFLS during Days 4–14 using the individual culture method were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those using the group culture method. However, the AFLS formation rate in the individual culture method was significantly lower compared to that in the group culture method (26.1% vs 62.7%, p < 0.01). Almost all oocytes had undergone the germinal vesicle breakdown stage, irrespective of the culture method or AFLS formation. In conclusion, comparison with the individual culture method revealed that the mean diameters of AFLS in the group culture method were smaller, but more COCs formed AFLS. The group culture method might be useful for evaluating the various hypotheses of follicular formation and interfollicular communication. However, improvement of the group culture system is necessary to prevent the meiotic resumption of oocytes, because the AFLS formation is dependent on the cumulus/granulosa cells surrounding oocytes.
Changes in depression‐related mental health literacy in young men from rural and urban South Australia
Authors: Eckert Kerena A. , Kutek Stephanie M. , Dunn Kirsten I. , Air Tracy M. , Goldney Robert D. 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:  To examine rural and urban differences in depression‐related mental health literacy, experience of depression and help‐seeking. Design:  Cross‐sectional population‐based survey stratified by rural and urban area. Setting:  A random and representative sample of South Australian rural and urban young men aged between 15 and 30 years. Outcome measures:  Mental health literacy as determined by recognition and exposure to classical symptoms of depression; perceived helpfulness of various interventions and treatment‐seeking behaviour. Results:  Recognition of depression increased significantly in rural and urban young men between 1998 and 2008. More rural young men than urban men identified symptoms of depression in 1998 (odds ratio (OR): 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–2.40, P < 0.05), but that was not evident in 2008 (OR: 1.32, 95% CI, 0.80–2.25, P = 0.30). Both groups were more likely to have a close friend experience symptoms of depression and to use antidepressant medications in 2008 compared with 1998. Rural young men experienced a significant increase in recognition of personal depressive symptoms (OR: 3.73, 95% CI, 1.72–8.40) and levels of confidence in psychiatrists and psychologists (OR: 2.40, 95% CI, 1.34–4.31) in 2008 compared with 1998. Both rural and urban young men were significantly less likely to rate dealing with problems on their own as helpful in 2008 as in 1998.Conclusions:  There has been an increase in both rural and urban young male mental health literacy between 1998 and 2008, especially in rural young men. Whether this will translate into a reduction of depression and associated suicide, with a reversal of the rural/urban suicide differential, remains to be seen.
Evaluating the impact of sustainable comprehensive primary health care on rural health
Authors: Tham Rachel , Humphreys John , Kinsman Leigh , Buykx Penny , Asaid Adel , Tuohey Kathy , Riley Karen 
Published: August 2010

AbstractObjective:  To develop a conceptual framework for monitoring the relationship between health services and health outcomes in rural Australia. Design and setting:  Development of an evaluation framework for a rural comprehensive primary health service in Victoria. Results:  Evidence regarding essential components for successful primary health care, and objective health service and health status measures were combined to develop a conceptual health service evaluation framework. Application of the framework is illustrated using a case study of a rural primary health service in Victoria. Conclusions:  Inadequate health services limit access to health care, delay use at times of need and result in poor health outcomes. Currently, there is a lack of evidence from rigorous health service evaluations to indicate which rural health services work well, where and why that could inform rural health policies and funding. Although the nature of health service models will vary across communities in order to meet their differing geographic circumstances, there is considerable scope for the translation and generalisation of evidence gained from health service models that are shown to be sustainable, responsive and able to deliver local quality health care. This framework can guide future health service evaluation research and thereby provide a better understanding of a health service's impact on the health of the community and its residents.
Occupational therapists’ self‐insight into their referral prioritisation policies for clients with mental health needs
Authors: Harries Priscilla Ann , Gilhooly Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2010

Background/aim:  Obtaining valid accounts of professionals’ thinking is dependent upon experts’ capacity for self‐insight. Self‐insight has implications for developing professional decision making, facilitating education and promoting agreement among therapists. The aim of this study was to examine occupational therapists’ self‐insight into their referral prioritisation policies.Methods:  A total of 40 occupational therapists individually rated the importance that differing types of referral content had on their prioritisation of referrals. These subjective policies were then correlated with their objective referral prioritisation policies that had been previously statistically derived.Results:  Self‐insight was found to be moderate but with wide variation across individuals and across referral information used. Self‐insight on cues that were important to the decision was found to be better than on those cues not so important to the decision.Conclusions:  Occupational therapists have similar levels of self‐insight to other professional groups. The ‘attention hypothesis’ may explain why self‐insight varied across referral information used.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Clinical profile, pathogenesis, treatment strategies and prognosis
Authors: NOWAIN ARASH , BHAKTA HETAL , PAIS SHIREEN , KANEL GARY , VERMA SUMITA 
Published: August 2010

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), although the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, account for <1% of all GI malignancies. Up to 94% of these tumors express the CD117 antigen. Most patients present in the fifth to seventh decade, the commonest symptom being that of an abdominal mass. Surgery is the main modality of therapy, but even after adequate resection the vast majority of GIST reoccur, and in approximately 50% the liver is the main site of the metastasis. Long‐term, maybe even lifelong follow up of these patients after initial resection cannot be over‐emphasized. Initial tumor size and mitotic rate are the most useful parameters to predict malignant potential. In view of high postoperative recurrence, adjuvant forms of therapy are being explored, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib holds the most promise.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis: Genetic disorders of biliary transporters
Authors: HARRIS MATTHEW J , LE COUTEUR DAVID G , ARIAS IRWIN M 
Published: August 2010

Abstract  Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis types 1, 2 and 3 are childhood diseases of the liver. Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis is predominantly an adult form with similar clinical symptoms that spontaneously resolve. These genetic disorders have significantly helped to unravel the basic mechanisms of the canalicular bile transport processes. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 involves a gene also linked to benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. The gene codes for an aminophospholipid translocase protein that maintains the integrity of the membrane. How a mutation in this protein causes cholestasis is unknown but is thought to involve the enterohepatic recirculation of bile acids. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis types 2 and 3 involve the canalicular bile salt export pump and a phospholipid translocase, respectively, both of which are fundamental to bile secretion. This review covers the clinical manifestations, genetics, treatment and mechanism of each disease.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Transcatheter arterial embolization for hemorrhage caused by injury of the hepatic artery
Authors: TZENG WEN‐SHENG , WU RENG‐HONG , CHANG JINN‐MING , LIN CHING‐YIH , KOAY LOK‐BENG , UEN YIH‐HUEI , TIAN YU‐FENG , FONG YAOU 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  The aims of the study were to compare (i) the effects of transcatheter arterial embolization on initial hemostasis and the control of rebleeding in the treatment of hemorrhage due to hepatic artery injury; and (ii) the outcomes of embolization by different locations.Methods:  Subjects were 32 patients with suspected hepatic artery injury who were transferred to Chi‐Mei Foundation Medical Center for hepatic angiography and embolization. The causes of arterial injury included liver trauma (n = 15) and iatrogenic injury (n = 17). The sites of embolization were classified into four groups: group 1 (n = 8) was classified as ‘combined outlet, target and inlet control’ with embolization of the vascular lesion (target) and hepatic artery distal (outlet) and proximal (inlet) to the vascular lesion simultaneously; group 2 (n = 11) as ‘combined target and inlet control’; group 3 (n = 8) as ‘combined outlet and inlet control’; group 4 (n = 5) as ‘inlet control’ only.Results:  Successful initial hemostasis was achieved in 30 of the 32 patients (93.8%), with two failures, both of which were caused by liver injury and occurred in subjects in group 4. Rebleeding was seen in three patients who had successful initial hemostasis: two of them in group 4 (66.7%) and one in group 1 (12.5%). All rebleedings were successfully managed by repeat embolization. Abscess formation was found in two group 1 patients, and both were successfully managed by percutaneous drainage.Conclusions:  Transcatheter arterial embolization is an effective method for hemostasis in hepatic artery hemorrhage for both patients with liver trauma and patients with iatrogenic injuries to the hepatic artery. Based on this experience, embolization of the vascular lesion and/or the arterial lumen distal to the vascular lesion combined with inlet control is recommended for preventing recurrent hemorrhage, but studies with larger sample sizes will be required to validate this conclusion.
Characteristics of gastritis in patients with Helicobacter pylori‐positive reflux esophagitis
Authors: MIHARA TAKAFUMI , ADACHI KYOICHI , KOMAZAWA YOSHINORI , YOSHIDA MANABU , ARAKI ASUKA , MARUYAMA RIRUKE , FURUTA KENJI , ISHIHARA SHUNJI , AMANO YUJI , KINOSHITA YOSHIKAZU 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The influence of Helicobacter pylori on gastric acid secretion differs with the status of gastritis. The histological characteristics of gastritis in H. pylori‐positive patients with reflux esophagitis have not been fully investigated. We therefore studied the pattern of endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy and degree of histological gastritis in such patients.Methods:  Subjects comprised 41 H. pylori‐positive patients with reflux esophagitis, 41 age‐ and sex‐matched patients with duodenal ulcer, and 41 patients with early gastric cancer. The endoscopic pattern of gastric mucosal atrophy was reviewed, and the degree of histological gastritis in biopsy specimens from the antrum and corpus was assessed in accordance with the updated Sydney system.Results:  The grade of endoscopic and histological gastric mucosal atrophy in patients with reflux esophagitis was significantly lower than that in patients with gastric cancer, and the histological scores for antral atrophy and metaplasia in patients with reflux esophagitis tended to be lower than those in patients with duodenal ulcer. In patients with reflux esophagitis and duodenal ulcer, the scores for antral inflammation and activity tended to be higher than those for the corpus. Conversely, the inflammation and activity score in patients with early gastric cancer showed a corpus‐predominant gastritis pattern.Conclusion:  In H. pylori‐positive patients with reflux esophagitis, the degree of endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy is low and histologically there is an antral‐predominant gastritis pattern. Therefore, gastric acid secretion in H. pylori‐positive patients with reflux esophagitis may be augmented by H. pylori infection.
Biliary excretion of taurocholate, organic anions and vinblastine in rats with α‐naphthylisothiocyanate‐induced cholestasis
Authors: KURIHARA HIROKO , SANO NAOYO , TAKIKAWA HAJIME 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground and Aims:  α‐Naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) is known to cause cholestasis due to injury of the bile duct epithelial cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a single dose of ANIT on the biliary excretion of various cholephilic compounds and on the amount of canalicular transporters.Methods:  Twenty‐four hours after the oral administration of ANIT (100 mg/kg), the biliary excretion of taurocholate, leukotriene C4, pravastatin and vinblastine was studied. The protein levels of the bile salt export pump and multidrug resistance protein 2 and the immunostaining of multidrug resistance protein 2 in the liver were also examined.Results:  The ANIT treatment markedly decreased the biliary excretion of tracer amounts of taurocholate, leukotriene C4, pravastatin and vinblastine. The biliary excretory maximum of taurocholate was also markedly decreased after ANIT treatment. The ANIT treatment had no effect on the protein levels of bile salt export pump and multidrug resistance protein 2 and the immunostaining of multidrug resistance protein 2 in the liver.Conclusions:  These findings support canalicular transporters having little effect on the marked impairment of biliary excretion of cholephilic compounds in ANIT‐induced cholestasis.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Gender differences in vascular reactivity of aortas from rats with and without portal hypertension
Authors: ROBERT RENÉ , CHAGNEAU‐DERRODE CARINE , CARRETIER MICHEL , MAUCO GÉRARD , SILVAIN CHRISTINE 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground: Inflammatory responses related to portal hypertension may be different in male and female rats. Most experimental studies of portal hypertension have involved male animals, and little information is available on gender differences in this setting. The aim of the present study was to compare aortic reactivity in female and male rats with and without portal hypertension.Methods: Contraction response curves to phenylephrine were studied with aortic rings, with and without endothelium. For relaxation studies, rings were precontracted with phenylephrine 10−7 mol/L and then exposed to acetylcholine 10−4 mol/L. Portal hypertension was provoked by calibrated portal stenosis performed 2 weeks before experiments.Results: In non‐hypertensive conditions, the contractile response to increasing phenylephrine concentrations was significantly stronger in rings from male than female rats, both with and without endothelium. In male rats with portal hypertension, the phenylephrine concentration–response curves were lowered and shifted to the right in aortic rings both with and without endothelium. In female rats, portal hypertension did not induce significant changes in the phenylephrine concentration–response curves. In female rats, portal hypertension induced a marked increase in relaxation (157 ± 123% vs 81 ± 64% in controls); the increase was also stronger than that in male rats with portal hypertension (95 ± 6%;P < 0.01).Conclusion: Clear gender differences were observed in vasoconstrictor responsiveness of aortic rings from rats with and without portal hypertension. Contrary that in male rats, portal hypertension did not induce vascular hyporesponsiveness in female rats. Further investigations are required to explain these differences
Quality of life measures for fecal incontinence and their use in children
Authors: TRAJANOVSKA MISEL , CATTO‐SMITH ANTHONY G 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Fecal incontinence is a common problem within society from childhood through to the elderly. Its clinical assessment has focussed on severity and frequency of soiling episodes but it is increasingly recognized to have an impact on physical, psychological and social well‐being (quality of life [QOL]). This is likely to be particularly important in childhood. The aim of the present study was to critically evaluate the development and application of disease‐specific QOL measures, focusing particularly on their use in children.Methods:  Generally recognized disease‐specific QOL measures for fecal incontinence were identified and their generation and validation were critically evaluated.Results:  Six instruments were identified: Ditesheim and Templeton QOL Scoring System, Manchester Health Questionnaire, Hirschsprung's Disease/Anorectal Malformation Quality of Life Questionnaire (HAQL), Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI), Fecal Incontinence TyPE Specification, and the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale (FIQL). Although the FIQL appeared to be the better tool for adults with fecal incontinence because it was brief and had the best validity and reliability, it needed further modification to become appropriate for use in children. In particular, items relating to sexual activity were inappropriate.Conclusion:  Neither the FIQL nor other disease‐specific instruments met basic psychometric standards for use in children with fecal incontinence. Substantial revision of currently available instruments will be required to meet the needs of this population.
Comprehensive clinical assessment improves the accuracy of predicting cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: GORDON ADAM , BAILEY MICHAEL J , GIBSON PETER R , ROBERTS STUART K 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  The diagnosis of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is important but difficult in those who are unable to undergo liver biopsy. Thus, the aims of the present study were to compare separately and in combination, clinical markers of liver disease, the discriminant score (DS) and serum hyaluronic acid (HA) for their ability to predict cirrhosis in CHC.Methods:  Two groups of consecutive patients (groups 1 and 2) with CHC were analyzed. Clinical data and routine laboratory results at the time of liver biopsy were collected, and serum HA levels were assayed. A clinical examination score (CES) was constructed using the sum of clinical markers of liver disease in group 1 and was validated in group 2, the DS was calculated, and a serum HA score (HAS) was produced. Combination scores were constructed using the sum of the CES, DS and HAS. Histological analysis of liver biopsies was performed by hepatopathologists blinded to clinical results.Results:  One hundred and fifty‐one patients with CHC (group 1, n = 47; group 2, n = 104) including 27 with cirrhosis were assessed. Serum HA was more accurate than either CES or DS in the prediction of cirrhosis. The combination of CES, DS and HAS enabled the most accurate prediction of cirrhosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 78% and 93%, and a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 75% and 94%, respectively.Conclusions:  A comprehensive clinical assessment utilizing clinical and laboratory data more accurately predicts the presence and absence of cirrhosis in CHC than individual markers.
Prehepatic portal hypertension produces increased mast cell density in the small bowel and in mesenteric lymph nodes in the rat
Authors: PRIETO ISABEL , ALLER MARÍA‐ANGELES , SANTAMARÍA LUIS , NAVA MARÍA‐PAZ , MADERO ROSARIO , PÉREZ‐ROBLEDO JUAN‐PEDRO , ARIAS JAIME 
Published: August 2010

AbstractBackground:  Because most of the characteristics of the portal hypertensive enteropathy can be explained on the basis of increased levels of mast cell mediators, the purpose of the present paper was to study mast cell splanchnic infiltration.Methods:  Duodenum, jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph node complex infiltration by mast cells was assayed by a stereological technique in control rats (group I; n = 5) and in an experimental model of portal hypertension (the portal vein‐stenosed rat, group II; n = 5) at 6 weeks after operation.Results:  Intestinal and mesenteric lymph node complex infiltration by mast cells increased in the animals with partial portal vein ligation. The mast cell density progressively increased distally along the small bowel. The mast cell increase in the mesenteric lymph node complex in portal vein‐stenosed rats was greater than in the duodenum (P = 0.001), jejunum (P = 0.006) and ileum.Conclusion:  The rise of mast cells density in the small bowel and mesenteric lymph node complex in rats with partial portal vein ligation suggests that these cells are involved in the etiopathogenesis of experimental portal prehepatic hypertensive enteropathy.