bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory syncytial virus infections in congenital heart defects – hospitalizations and costs
Authors: Meberg Alf , Bruu Anne‐Lise 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aims: To register hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections and estimate costs of prophylaxis with humanized monoclonal antibodies (palivizumab) against RSV, compared to hospital care, in cases with congenital heart defects (CHDs). Methods: Population based study with prospective registration of CHDs. Costs for hospital treatment of RSV‐infections in CHD‐patients calculated by means of the Norwegian Diagnosis Related Groups system. Results: In 43 470 infants live born in the population through the 18‐year period 1987–2004 a structural CHD was diagnosed in 527 (1.2%). A total of 898 (2.1%) hospitalizations for RSV‐infections occurred in the study population 1987–2005. The hospital admittance rate was significantly higher for CHD‐cases (4.8%) than for children without CHD (2%) (P=0.002). Severe CHDs (need for surgery or catheter intervention) had a higher admittance rate (9.2%) compared to the group of remaining CHDs (3.3%) (P=0.01). Number needed to treat with palivizumab to avoid one hospitalization for RSV‐infection in cases of severe CHDs was calculated to 24, at costs of US$ 195 000. The expenses for palivizuamab prophylaxis in severe CHDs were 31 times that of hospital treatment. Conclusion: Prophylaxis with palivizumab in severe CHDs is not cost‐effective.
Feeding disorders related to nutrition
Authors: Lindberg Lene , Östberg Monica , Isacson Inger‐Marie , Dannaeus Margareta 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study the relationship between early feeding disorders and nutritional intake during the second and third year of life. Methods: 15 children, nine girls and six boys, with a feeding problem identified at the Specialist Child Health Care Unit at a mean age of 14.5 mo were matched with respect to age and sex with healthy control children. Four‐day dietary records were collected at inclusion (time 1) and follow‐up of the study (time 2). Measures of growth at birth, at times 1 and 2 of the study, and at 3 y of age were obtained from Child Health Centre records. Results: A lower intake of energy, carbohydrate and protein was evident at times 1 and 2 for the group of children with feeding disorders compared to the controls. Zinc and vitamin B6 were the only micronutrients that differed for the feeding disorder group compared to the control group at times 1 and 2. Children with feeding disorders decelerated in weight during the second year of life and in height during the third year of life as compared to controls. Conclusion: The criterion of a persistent failure to eat adequately with a subsequent failure to gain weight, required for the diagnosis of feeding disorders in DSM‐IV, was supported by the findings in this study. The relation between nutrition and growth in feeding disorders has not, to our knowledge, been reported in previous research.
Health‐related quality of life in children diagnosed with asthma, diabetes, juvenile chronic arthritis or short stature
Authors: Norrby Ulla , Nordholm Lena , Andersson‐Gäre Boel , Fasth Anders 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: 1) To assess the reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), 2) to determine the correlation between children's and parents’ responses to the CHQ, and 3) to describe and compare responses to the CHQ of four diagnostic groups. Methods: A total of 199 Swedish children aged 9–16 with diagnoses of asthma (n=53), diabetes (n=48), short stature (n=51) and juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA, n=47) and their parents answered the CHQ and relevant validation instruments at a clinic check‐up. Coefficient alphas were determined for all dimensions of the instrument, and all but four had acceptable to very good reliability (0.75–0.94). Results: Concerning construct validity, the CHQ correlated significantly with appropriate dimensions of the validation instruments. In general, there were significant correlations between the children's and parents’ responses. Comparisons between the diagnostic groups showed several significant differences. The short stature group had the highest quality of life and the JCA group the lowest. There were no sex differences, but children who had not reached puberty scored better on the dimensions of mental health and self‐esteem. Conclusion: The Swedish version of the CHQ is a reliable and valid instrument. Furthermore, it is recommended to ask children themselves about their health‐related quality of life.
Complications of video‐assisted gastrostomy in children with malignancies or neurological diseases
Authors: Arnbjörnsson Einar , Backman Torbjörn , Mörse Helena , Berglund Yvonne , Kullendorff Carl Magnus , Lövkvist Håkan 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To test the hypothesis whether the administration of cytostatic drugs close to surgery in children with malignancies influences the rate of postoperative complications. Method: Included in the study were 27 children with malignancies and a control group of 27 neurologically impaired children. All the children had nutritional problems and underwent a video‐assisted gastrostomy (VAG) operation during the period 1997–2002. The children were postoperatively followed up. All complications were documented according to a protocol by a specially trained nurse and correlated to the time elapsed from completion of the last preoperative or the first postoperative cytostatic drug treatment. The complications in the two groups were compared. Results: The children with malignant diseases did not have more postoperative complications of the VAG than those having neurological defects. There was no correlation to complications regarding timing of the operation and administration of cytostatic drugs. Conclusion: This study revealed no aggravated influence of cytostatic drug treatment on early postoperative problems of VAG. The timing of cytostatic drug administration in relation to the surgical intervention did not influence the frequency of postoperative complications.
Asthma symptoms in early childhood – what happens then?
Authors: Goksör Emma , Åmark Mainor , Alm Bernt , Gustafsson Per M , Wennergren Göran 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study the outcome in early adulthood for children with early asthma symptoms and to analyse the factors associated with current asthma. Methods: In a prospective study, we have re‐investigated 89/101 children who were hospitalized before the age of two years due to wheezing. The children were investigated using a questionnaire and allergy and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness tests at the age of 17–20 years and compared with age‐matched controls. Results: In the cohort, 43% had had asthma symptoms in the preceding 12 months compared with 15% in the control group. The strongest risk factors for asthma were current allergy, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness and female gender. Female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. In addition to female gender, two pathways led to current asthma: an allergic pathway from family atopy via the development of allergy and another pathway from early passive smoking via hyper‐responsiveness and active smoking. Conclusion: In children with early wheezing disorder, current allergy, bronchial hyper‐responsiveness and female gender were the strongest risk factors for asthma in early adulthood, while female gender and passive smoking in infancy were independent infantile risk factors. The effects of early passive smoking persist longer than previously reported.
Endogenous ethanol fermentation in a child with short bowel syndrome
Authors: Jansson‐Nettelbladt Evelyn , Meurling Staffan , Petrini Björn , Sjölin Jan 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe term “auto‐brewery syndrome” has been frequently used to describe patients who show features of alcohol intoxication because of abnormal yeast proliferation after ingesting carbohydrate‐rich meals. We present a case of a 3‐y‐old girl with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who demonstrated signs of alcohol intoxication on repeated occasions. A blood test indicated an ethanol concentration of 15 mmol/l, and cultures from gastric fluid and faeces showed the presence of Candida kefyr. An association was found between the introduction of a carbohydrate‐rich fruit drink and the occurrence of symptoms. Conclusion: The possibility of endogenous ethanol fermentation should be considered in patients with SBS and the diagnosis of auto‐brewery syndrome added to the differential diagnosis list for D‐lactic acidosis. Management includes both antifungal treatment and special diet modification.
Infantile polyarteritis nodosa presenting as hyponatraemic hypertensive syndrome
Authors: Peco‐Antić Amira , Perišić Vojislav , Bonaći‐Nikolić Branka , Djukić Milan , Krušcić Divna , Kostić Mirjana 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe association of arterial hypertension with hyponatraemic dehydration, known as hyponatraemic hypertensive syndrome (HHS), is a rare and serious hypertensive complication. Here, we describe a 17‐mo‐old girl who presented with severe hyponatraemic dehydration, hypokalaemia, polyuria, and nephrotic‐range proteinuria associated with malignant arterial hypertension and systemic inflammatory disease. Diagnosis of classic polyarteritis nodosa (c‐PAN) was made on the basis of renal arteriography demonstrating small arterial aneurysms in association with non‐aneurismal changes such as arterial cut‐off, arterial tapering stenosis and nephrogram perfusion defect. A decrease of blood pressure by antihypertensive treatment resulted in the normalization of HHS abnormalities. However, c‐PAN became well controlled only after 4 mo of immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion: The main interest of this case was the uncommon presentation of systemic polyarteritis nodosa in a very young child. Renal ischaemia from intrarenal vessel disease may have been the trigger event for HHS in our case. Management of PAN‐associated severe arterial hypertension is based on immunosuppressive and antihypertensive treatment.
Children's growth: A health indicator and a diagnostic tool
Authors: Gelander Lars 
Published: August 2010

AbstractThe publication of Werner and Bodin in Acta Paediatrica should inspire countries to use the growth of children as an indicator of health. The development of databases that cover all measurements of all children that have contact with healthcare and medical care will provide new knowledge in this area. Such databases will give us the opportunity to explore health in different areas of the country and to evaluate community projects in order to prevent obesity. Conclusion: Growth charts that are used to identify sick children or children that have other causes for growth disturbances must reflect how a healthy child should grow. If such prescriptive growth charts are computerized together with regional databases, they will provide necessary growth data for descriptive health surveys.
Infant feeding and cost of health care: A cohort study
Authors: Cattaneo Adriano , Ronfani Luca , Burmaz Tea , Quintero‐Romero Sofia , MacAluso Anna , Di Mario Simona 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To compare the use and cost of health care in infants with different feeding patterns. Methods: Observational study on a cohort of 842 infants born in ten hospitals in northern Italy and followed up to age 12 months. Data on feeding gathered through telephone interviews with 24‐hour recall. Data on use of health services reported by mothers and checked against records. Data on hospital cost derived from Disease Related Groups codes. Data on cost of other services obtained from maternal reports and available price lists. Results: At three months, 56% of infants were fully breastfed, 17% complementary fed and 27% not breastfed. Infants fully breastfed at three months had 4.90 episodes of illness requiring ambulatory care and 0.10 hospital admissions per infant/year compared with 6.02 and 0.17, respectively, in infants not or not fully breastfed. They had also a lower cost of health care: €34.69 versus 54.59 per infant/year for ambulatory care, and €133.53 versus 254.03 per infant/year for hospital care. Higher cost of health care was significantly associated with having a hospital admission and being a twin; cost of health care decreased with each additional gram of birth weight, each month of delayed return of the mother to work after the third month, and each extra month of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Lack of breastfeeding and higher use and cost of health care are significantly associated.
Effects of hydroxyethyl starch on cardiac output in hypotensive neonates: A comparison with isotonic saline and 5% albumin
Authors: Michel Liet Jean , Kuster Alice , Denizot Sophie , Caillaux‐Varin Gaelle , Gras‐Leguen Christele , Rozé Jean‐Christophe 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the effects of hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES 200/0.5) on cardiac output in hypotensive neonates with low cardiac output and absence of myocardial dysfunction. Methods: In a prospective randomized blinded trial, 21 hypotensive neonates (mean gestational age of 29±3 wk) were randomly allocated to receive infusions of either 5% albumin (albumin group), isotonic saline (saline group) or hydroxyethyl starch (HES group). Infants had to show low cardiac output and an absence of myocardial dysfunction for inclusion in the study. Cardiac output was assessed by Doppler‐derived mean aortic flow velocity. Results: Ten minutes after infusion, 67% of all infants had more than a 10% increase in cardiac output. Increases in mean aortic flow velocity (m/s; median and range) were 0.05 (−0.02, +0.07), 0.03 (−0.03, +0.12) and 0.03 (−0.04, +0.11) for the albumin, saline and HES groups, respectively (p = 0.79). The percentage of blood pressure normalization (95% confidence interval) was 86% (60–100) in the albumin group, 57% (20–94) in the saline group and 71% (37–100) in the HES group (p = 0.50). Conclusion: This study did not provide evidence that hydroxyethyl starch is more efficient than isotonic saline or albumin.
Screening of obstructive and central apnoea/hypopnoea in children using variability: A preliminary study
Authors: Foo Jong Yong A. , Bradley Andrew P. , Wilson Stephen J. , Williams Gordon R. , Dakin Carolyn , Cooper David M. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: Polysomnography (PSG) is the current standard protocol for sleep disordered breathing (SDB) investigation in children. Presently, there are limited reliable screening tests for both central (CE) and obstructive (OE) respiratory events. This study compared three indices, derived from pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram (ECG), with the PSG gold standard. These indices were heart rate (HR) variability, arterial blood oxygen de‐saturation (SaO2) and pulse transit time (PTT). Methods: 15 children (12 male) from routine PSG studies were recruited (aged 3–14 years). The characteristics of the three indices were based on known criteria for respiratory events (RPE). Their estimation singly and in combination was evaluated with simultaneous scored PSG recordings. Results: 215 RPE and 215 tidal breathing events were analysed. For OE, the obtained sensitivity was HR (0.703), SaO2 (0.047), PTT (0.750), considering all three indices (0) and either of the indices (0.828) while specificity was (0.891), (0.938), (0.922), (0.953) and (0.859) respectively. For CE, the sensitivity was HR (0.715), SaO2 (0.278), PTT (0.662), considering all indices (0.040) and either of the indices (0.868) while specificity was (0.815), (0.954), (0.901), (0.960) and (0.762) accordingly. Conclusions: Preliminary findings herein suggest that the later combination of these non‐invasive indices to be a promising screening method of SDB in children.
Absence of the ductus venosus
Authors: Sothinathan Uma , Pollina Elena , Huggon Ian , Patel Shailesh , Greenough Anne 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAbsence of the ductus venosus is a rare vascular anomaly, but clinicians should be aware that it can be diagnosed antenatally and the prognosis is dependent on the type of associated malformation of the fetal vascular system. Antenatal detection of a single umbilical artery and unexplained cardiomegaly should prompt detailed examination of the umbilical and portal veins. Absent ductus venosus is associated with three main patterns of abnormal venous circulation, the worst prognosis being seen when the umbilical vein bypasses the liver and connects to the right atrium. Fetuses with absence of the ductus venosus are at risk of other congenital anomalies including facial clefts, hemivertebrae, cardiac, genitourinary, gastrointestinal anomalies; affected infants also have a poorer prognosis. In conclusion, fetuses with features suggestive of absence of ductus venosus require referral to a tertiary perinatal center.
Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A plausible mouse model?
Authors: Granon Sylvie , Changeux Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2010

AbstractAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder, highly prevalent in children and characterized by three main components: inattention, lack of inhibitory control and hyperactivity. Epidemiological evidence reveals that ADHD is associated with nicotine exposure, mostly, with prenatal cigarette smoking. Mice deleted for the β2‐subunit gene of the neuronal nicotinic receptor are proposed as a simple and reliable animal model for ADHD. Conclusion: Nicotinic agonists targeting the α4β2 nicotinic receptors alleviate ADHD symptoms and may possibly contribute to an efficient therapy of ADHD children.
Alcohol consumption, smoking and breastfeeding in the first six months after delivery
Authors: Alvik Astrid , Haldorsen Tor , Lindemann Rolf 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To study alcohol use and smoking after delivery, and to relate this to breastfeeding. Methods: A longitudinal questionnaire study, representative of pregnant women in Oslo. Ninety‐two per cent agreed to join the study. Non‐Norwegian speaking and/or immigrants from non‐western countries were not invited. Questionnaires were answered at 17 (T1) and 30 (T2) wk of pregnancy, and 6 mo after term (T3). They were completed by 93% (1749 women) at T1, 82% at T2, and 92% at T3. Results: Six months after delivery, 80% reported alcohol use. The mean alcohol consumption per week was less than half compared to the last 6 mo before pregnancy. The women with the highest pre‐pregnancy use reduced the most. Binge drinking (≥ 5 drinks) was also reported by half as many women (29%). However, 6% reported 12 or more drinks per occasion at least once. No demographic or mental health variables predicted binge drinking after pregnancy. Smoking 6 mo after pregnancy was reported by 18%, a reduction of 50% from before pregnancy. Women breastfeeding for at least 6 mo had higher education, less frequently reported binge drinking after delivery and less frequently suffered postnatal depression. Conclusion: In this population‐based sample were 86% breastfed for at least 6 mo, the level of binge drinking is concerning.
Attitudes and feelings towards menstruation and womanhood in girls at menarche
Authors: Rembeck Gun I. , Möller Margareta , Gunnarsson Ronny K. 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To elucidate early adolescent girls’ attitudes, thoughts and feelings towards menstruation and their bodies. Methods: 309 12‐y‐old girls answered questionnaires. One part of the questionnaire dealt with thoughts and feelings towards menstruation. The other part dealt with thoughts and feelings towards menstruation and sex and ability to communicate on aspects of womanhood. Results: Postmenarcheal girls were less positive towards menstruation than premenarcheal girls (p=1×10−6). Many girls (43%) did not reaffirm the statement “I like my body” and almost one quarter stated being teased for their appearance. Many of the girls claimed that they had been called “cunt” (38%) or “whore” (46%). If called “cunt” or “whore”, 17% stated that they felt alone, 76% felt anger and 50% were offended. Mothers were those with whom girls could most easily “chat” about their period. Sixty‐seven per cent received information about menstruation from school nurses. Conclusion: Wanting to be an adult and liking that their body develops seem to be associated with a more positive feeling towards menstruation. Furthermore, mothers’ timing and ability to communicate attitudes towards menstruation and the body are as important as those in a girl's immediate environment.
Health before and after adoption from Eastern Europe
Authors: Landgren Magnus , Andersson Grönlund Marita , Elfstrand Per‐Olof , Simonsson Jan‐Erik , Svensson Leif , Strömland Kerstin 
Published: August 2010

Abstract Design: A population‐based study of pre‐adoption, arrival and post‐adoption health. Aim: To report prenatal and postnatal background factors, morbidity, growth and development in adoptees from Eastern Europe. Subjects and Methods: All 99 children born in Eastern Europe between 1990 and 1995 and adopted to western Sweden during 1993–1997 were invited to participate in the study. Altogether, 76 (77%) participated. Medical records from the birth countries, from the examination at arrival and from medical reports made during a mean post‐adoption period of 5 years were evaluated. Results: Low birth weight (≤2500 g) occurred in 48%. Congenital malformations were found in 22%. The biological mothers of 33% of the children had been considered alcoholics, and 16% of the children's mothers had been diagnosed with a psychiatric disability. A high incidence of infectious diseases, neurodevelopment disorders and growth retardation had been noted during the pre‐adoption period. Upon arrival in Sweden 75% were diagnosed with a medical condition, most often an infection. After a 5‐year post‐adoption period, small head circumference was associated with alcohol exposure during pregnancy and 46% had at least one neurodevelopment or behavioural disorder. Conclusion: Adverse prenatal and perinatal factors, congenital malformations and post‐adoption neurodevelopment disorders were common. Adoptees and adopters have complex needs for health support and information.
Initial management of children with newly diagnosed idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in the Nordic countries
Authors: Treutiger Iris , Rajantie Jukka , Zeller Bernward , Elinder Göran , Rosthöj Steen ,   ON BEHALF OF THE NOPHO ITP WORKING GROUP
Published: August 2010

Abstract Aim: To describe the management practices of newly diagnosed childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in the Nordic countries. Methods: A prospective registration was done from 1998 to 2000, including all children with newly diagnosed ITP aged 0–14 years and at least one platelet count <30×109/L. Results: 506 children from 98 departments were registered. A diagnostic bone marrow aspiration was obtained within 14 days in 33%. Platelet and/or red blood cell transfusion was given in 11%. 287 children (57%) received platelet‐enhancing therapy with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) or corticosteroids within 14 days of diagnosis, IVIG being the first line choice in over 90% of the cases. There were noticeable national differences in the management. The decision to start drug treatment within two days of diagnosis was influenced mainly by the platelet count. Neither early treatment nor response to treatment changed the risk of chronic disease. Conclusion: This study has shown a great variation in the management practices of children with newly diagnosed ITP. Prospective studies are required to produce evidence‐based recommendations for this patient group.