bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between intraseasonal tropical variability and ENSO and its modulation at seasonal to decadal timescales
Authors: Gushchina Daria , Dewitte Boris 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The intraseasonal tropical variability (ITV) patterns in the tropical troposphere are documented using double space-time Fourier analysis. Madden and Julian oscillations (MJO) as well as equatorial coupled waves (Kelvin and Rossby) are investigated based on the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data for the 1977–2006 period and the outputs of an intermediate ocean-atmosphere coupled model named LODCA-OTCM. A strong seasonal dependence of the ITV/ENSO relationship is evidenced. The leading relationship for equatorial Rossby waves (with the correlation of the same order than for the MJO) is documented; namely, it is shown that intensification of Rossby waves in the central Pacific during boreal summer precedes by half a year the peak of El Niño. The fact that MJO activity in spring-summer is associated to the strength of subsequent El Niño is confirmed. It is shown that LODCA-QTCM is capable of simulating the convectively coupled equatorial waves in outgoing long wave radiation and zonal wind at 850 hPa fields with skill comparable to other Coupled General Circulation Models. The ITV/ENSO relationship is modulated at low frequency. In particular the periods of low ENSO amplitude are associated with weaker MJO activity and a cancellation of MJO at the ENSO development phase. In opposition, during the decaying phase, MJO signal is strong. The periods of strong ENSO activity are associated with a marked coupling between MJO, Kelvin and equatorially Rossby waves and ENSO; the precursor signal of MJO (Rossby waves) in the western (central) Pacific is obvious. The results provide material for the observed change in ENSO characteristics in recent years and question whether the characteristics of the ITV/ENSO relationship may be sensitive to the observed warming in the central tropical Pacific.
P-T data of Ky-St-Grt gneisses hosting HP amphibolites and eclogites from the Austroalpine Polinik complex, Kreuzeck Mountains, Eastern Alps, Austria
Authors: Michálek Martin , Putiš Marián , Hauzenberger Christoph 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
This study focuses on metapelites of the Polinik complex in the Kreuzeck Mts. southeast of the Tauern Window, Eastern Alps, where kyanite — staurolite — garnet gneisses host eclogites and high pressure (HP) amphibolites of the Austroalpine basement. The stable mineral assemblage is garnet — staurolite — biotite — kyanite — quartz. Estimated metamorphic conditions from conventional geothermobarometry are 654±30 °C and 0.9±0.08 GPa, and Average P-T values calculated by THERMOCALC, are 665±15 °C at 0.77±0.09 GPa. Formation of the present mineral association in gneisses is related to the exhumation (D2) stage of hosted eclogites/HP amphibolites within a lateral strike-slip zone.
The Occurrence of Major Potato Viruses in Poland
Authors: Kostiw Michał 
Published: June 2011

The Occurrence of Major Potato Viruses in PolandThe research was carried out in field conditions in Bonin in the north of Poland, in 1996-2009, and additionally in Bonin, Przechlewo (also in the north of Poland) and Stare Olesno located in the southern part of Poland, in 2008 and 2009. The outcome showed thatPotato virus Yposed the most serious threat to potatoes. The share of progeny tubers infected by this pathogen was 32.5% (mean of 1996-2009) and was considerably higher in comparison to PVM (18.2%) and PVS (22.1%), and in particular to PLRV (15.3%). The additional research carried out in the years 2008 and 2009 in three places: Bonin, Przechlewo (located in the north of Poland) and Stare Olesno (south of Poland) included three potato cultivars of low resistance to PLRV. The results also showed a very low pressure of this virus in both years and in all places of the research. In Przechlewo, PLRV was not detected at all in progeny tubers. While in Stare Olesno and particularly in Bonin, the percentage of PLRV-infected tubers was very small. The average for years and the average for localities amounted to 2.1 and 0.3%, respectively. Whereas the share of tubers infected by PVY, PVM and PVS was considerably higher and ranged from 11.8% to 59.8% depending on the cultivar, year and place. The progeny tubers infected by PVY and PVM were mostly detected in the very early term of exposure(from the 21st of May to the 1st of June). Whereas PVS posed the most serious threat in a somewhat later term i.e. during the exposure of plants which lasted from the 1st of June to 11th of June.
Essential Oils and Trichoderma Harzianum as an Integrated Control Measure Against Faba Bean Root Rot Pathogens
Authors: Abdel-Kader Mokhtar , El-Mougy Nehal , Lashin Sirag 
Published: June 2011

Essential Oils andTrichoderma Harzianumas an Integrated Control Measure Against Faba Bean Root Rot PathogensCarnation, caraway, thyme, peppermint and geranium essential oils have been found to have inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth ofFusarium solani,Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotium rolfsiiandMacrophomina phaseolinaunderin vitroconditions. Complete inhibition of fungal growth was observed with the use of 4% carnation and geranium oils. Mycelial growth of the tested fungi showed more sensitivity to high concentrations of thyme than to caraway and peppermint oils. Moreover, essential oils used to coat seeds resulted in a significant reduction of root rot incidence of bean, at both pre- and post-emergence stages under greenhouse conditions. Under field conditions seeds coated with essential oils at a concentration of 4% sown in soil treated with the bio-agentTrihoderma harzianum, gave pronounced protection to emerged bean seeds against the invasion of root rot pathogenic fungi. Compared to the control, the above treatment resulted in a reduction of disease incidence at the pre-emergence stage. This reduction was calculated to be between 47.3 and 55.4% compared with a 16.1% reduction with the use of the Rizolex-T treatment. At the post-emergence stage, all applied treatments were able to reduce the percentage of root-rot incidence. Reduction ranged between 41.4 and 47.1% over the untreated control. Reduction in disease incidence was reflected in a yield increase of 15.1-28.8% and 40.1-50%, in seeds coated with one of the different essential oils, or combined withT. harzianumsoil treatments, in the respective order. Seeds coated with the fungicide Rhizolex-T caused a yield increase estimated as 11.3% over the check treatment. These results show that application of essential oils in integration with the bio-agentT. harzianummay be considered as an applicable, safe and cost-effective method for controlling such soilborne diseases.
First Report of Cylindrocladium Scoparium on Cuphea Hyssopifolia in Poland
Authors: Orlikowski Leszek , Ptaszek Magdalena 
Published: June 2011

First Report ofCylindrocladium ScopariumonCuphea Hyssopifoliain PolandCylindrocladium scopariumMorgan was isolated from diseased stem parts ofCuphea hyssopifoliacuttings, which were rooting on greenhouse benches. In the laboratory trial, the species colonized leaf blades as well as stem parts and roots with a significantly quicker spread of necroses on cv. Violet than on cvs. White and Rose. In the greenhouse trial, yellowing and dying of cuphea leaves was observed already after 7 days of rooting the cuttings in substratum infested byC. scoparium. After 2 weeks, all cuttings that were rooting in noninfested substratum produced roots, and no symptoms were observed on leaves. On plants growing in substratum infested with the tested species, yellowing, dying of leaf blades and only rooting of 1/5 of the cuttings was observed on cv. Violet, whereas cvs. White and Rose were less susceptible.
Law, Social Norms and Welfare as Means of Public Administration: Case Study of Mahalla Institutions in Uzbekistan
Authors: Urinboyev Rustamjon 
Published: June 2011

Law, Social Norms and Welfare as Means of Public Administration: Case Study of Mahalla Institutions in UzbekistanDespite numerous challenges, since its independence, Uzbekistan, with the exception of the May 2005 Andijan events, has enjoyed extraordinary political stability and not recorded any considerable cases of interethnic or interfaith conflict, regime change or civil war, whereas neighboring Kyrgyzstan, labeled an "island of democracy" by the Western world, has experienced numerous conflicts and chaos, ranging from "color revolutions" to ethnic conflict. However, for understanding Uzbekistan's ability to cope with internal and external challenges, little recourse is made to the post-independence discourse on public administration known as "mahalla reforms". In spite of the significant existing body of literature on the mahalla, there has been little systematic scholarly investigation of the role of mahalla in maintaining political stability and security in Uzbekistan. Previous studies did not provide an account of how the law, social norms and welfare come to interplay in the mahalla system and how this influences the public administration developments in Uzbekistan. This paper begins to redress this lacuna by analyzing public-administration reforms in post-independence Uzbekistan, namely mahalla reforms, with an effort to show how political and social stability is established through mahalla, and to what extent those reforms have affected the position of individuals vis-à-vis the public-administration system. In undertaking this task, the paper employs three theoretical concepts: the theory of norms, the welfare-pentagon model and the theory of social control. In this paper, I argue that public-administration reforms since 1991 have transformed mahalla into a comprehensive system of social control; and therefore, mahalla can be places of democratic involvement or sites of authoritarianism in Uzbekistan.
Current State and Development Prospects of the Russian Economy
Authors: Rodionova Irina , Kokuytseva Tatiana 
Published: June 2011

Current State and Development Prospects of the Russian Economy
The article characterises changes that have occurred in the economy of Russia and its foreign trade over the recent years. It estimates the country's position in the world ranking. The process of Russia's involvement in integrated world economic development after the collapse of the socialist system has been far from simple, because it was simultaneous with the country's system transformation and economic restructuring. The economy of modern Russia operates in difficult conditions. In the 20th century the burden of the socialist period of the country's development combined with the mistakes of the structural economic transformation of the 1990s already generated new systemic disproportions which have greatly modified the entire economic complex of the country.
An analysis of the Russian share in the production of principal types of industrial products over the last three decades as well as a comparison of particular development indicators of the largest world economies and the share of countries and country groups in the world's high technology production reveals a weakening of the Russian position in the world economy.
The article also presents changes in Russia's foreign trade and the decrease in its main economic indicators in the conditions of the current world financial crisis. The article underlines the necessity of change in the current model of Russian participation in the globalising world towards a search for a new place in the world economy and the world market, and, first of all, in knowledge-intensive industries and the sphere of high technology.
Radiotherapy for atypical meningiomas
Authors: Mair Richard , Morris Kevin , Scott Ian , Carroll Thomas A. 
Published: June 2011

Object
The role of postoperative radiotherapy in patients undergoing first-time resection of WHO Grade II meningioma remains unclear as reflected by varied practices in published clinical studies and national professional surveys. Much of the relevant literature is based on pre-2000 WHO grading criteria for atypical meningiomas. Authors in this study set out to explore the role of postoperative radiotherapy in patients undergoing first-time surgery for WHO Grade II meningiomas diagnosed using revised WHO 2000 criteria, against a background of otherwise limited published literature on this issue.

Methods
The authors retrospectively collected data on 114 consecutive patients who underwent first-time resection of WHO Grade II atypical meningiomas diagnosed using 2000 WHO criteria, and who variably underwent postoperative radiotherapy according to individual surgeon practices. Outcomes, including radiological recurrence, were submitted to Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses.

Results
Postoperative radiotherapy demonstrated a significant benefit only when patients who had undergone gross-total tumor resection and those who had undergone subtotal resection along with postoperative radiosurgery to the tumor remnant were excluded from analysis.

Conclusions
The authors have performed the largest study in the literature to examine the use of radiotherapy for WHO Grade II, atypical, meningiomas following a first-time resection. They suggest that radiotherapy is not appropriate after first-time resection of those lesions in which a gross-total resection (Simpson Grade 1 or 2) has been achieved. They also advise that any tumor remnant radiologically demonstrated on postoperative imaging should be treated with radiosurgery and that postoperative radiotherapy after a first-time resection should be reserved for tumor remnants too large for radiosurgery and for which a second staged operation is not planned.
Un siècle de détournements
Authors: Boof-Vermesse Isabelle 
Published: June 2011

Ecrit trois ans après son pamphlet A Century of Dishonor (1881), Ramona devait être l’équivalent pour la question indienne de Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852). Mais la stratégie de Jackson n’a pas fonctionné comme prévu et la réception de ce roman sentimental fut et reste basée sur une « mélecture » (« misreading ») : attirés par le monde merveilleux du rancho, lui-même pâle reflet du glorieux passé des missions, les lecteurs yankees n’ont jamais été plus loin que cette fascination pour la culture espagnole-mexicaine, catholique, rurale et aristocratique suscitée par le texte, qui emprunte aux conventions de la romance et du carnet de voyage. Si Ramona avait initialement pour projet de dénoncer le comportement des envahisseurs nord-américains pour inspirer de la compassion envers leurs victimes et exiger un changement de politique, la position commune des Anglos et des Mexicains vis-à-vis des Indiens a encouragé une identification fonctionnant à l’encontre de celle voulue par l’auteur (qui n’est pas forcément celle du texte). Les éléments gothiques à la fois thématiques (la belle captive, le couvent, l’enlèvement…), narratifs (le pittoresque et le « word-painting ») et idéologiques sont bel et bien activés dans Ramona, mais en quelque sorte à l’envers. De plus, la formule est compliquée par la triangulation : entre bourreau anglo et victime indienne s’interpose la figure intermédiaire du noble mexicain. La présente étude se concentre sur cette figure et son traitement métonymique, l’Arcadie du rancho, pour montrer comment la mélecture de Ramona déborde dans la culture californienne et devient de la récupération. Ainsi dès le 19ème siècle l’exploitation du roman contribue à la construction de l’identité régionale en inventant de toutes pièces des manifestations de type « culte » (tourisme culturel et pèlerinage sur les lieux du roman, Ramona Pageants …) qui ont encore cours aujourd’hui.
L’invention de la façade caraïbe centraméricaine : indios, negros, y piratas
Authors: Le Masne Camille 
Published: June 2011

La façade caraïbe de l'Amérique centrale naît au 16è siècle avec la conquête espagnole et la mise en pratique des théories sanitaires héritées d’Hippocrate dans le processus de colonisation. Auparavant, aucune spécificité ne semble distinguer cet espace des autres grands ensembles centraméricains : terres tempérées de la cordillère centrale, voire minces plaines littorales bordant le Pacifique. Le procès d’implantation des Espagnols rend bien compte d’une pensée prégnante, hippocratique, qui justifie les difficultés rencontrées pour contrôler les littoraux, notamment caraïbes, des emblématiques tierras calientes centraméricaines. Le littoral, au-delà de la lluvia qui continue à le caractériser de nos jours, est alors l’infierno par excellence, celui des indios, des negros, et des piratas. L’analyse historique montre ainsi que l’invention de cet espace tient autant aux données bioclimatiques et à leurs implications écologiques qu’aux tensions géopolitiques engendrées par la crise que traverse un Empire espagnol précocement confronté au harcèlement de groupes plus ou moins liés aux autres puissances européennes… La concordance entre espace de marges et plaines caraïbes pourrait suggérer un déterminisme géographique fondé sur des prédispositions qui font de l'homme un objet du milieu environnant. Ce serait cependant négliger l’impact des représentations, des clichés, et de leurs implications territoriales.
RGS10 Restricts Upregulation by Chemokines of T Cell Adhesion Mediated by α4β1 and αLβ2 Integrins
Authors: García-Bernal David , Dios-Esponera Ana , Sotillo-Mallo Elena , García-Verdugo Rosa , Arellano-Sánchez Nohemí , Teixidó Joaquin 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Chemokines rapidly and transiently upregulate α4β1 and αLβ2 integrin-mediated adhesion during T lymphocyte extravasation by activating Gα-dependent inside-out signaling. To limit and terminate Gα-mediated signaling, cells can use several mechanisms, including the action of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, which accelerate the GTPase activity of Gα subunits. Using human T cells silenced for or overexpressing RGS10, we show in this article that RGS10 functions as an inhibitor of Gαi-dependent, chemokine-upregulated T cell adhesion mediated by α4β1 and αLβ2. Shear stress-dependent detachment and cell spreading analyses revealed that RGS10 action mainly targets the adhesion strengthening and spreading phases of α4β1-mediated cell attachment. Associated with these observations, chemokine-stimulated Vav1–Rac1 activation was longer sustained and of higher intensity in RGS10-silenced T cells, or inhibited in cells overexpressing RGS10. Of importance, expression of constitutively activated Rac1 forms in cells overexpressing RGS10 led to the rescue of CXCL12-stimulated adhesion to VCAM-1 to levels similar to those in control transfectants. Instead, adhesion under flow conditions, soluble binding experiment, flow cytometry, and biochemical analyses revealed that the earlier chemokine-triggered integrin activation step was mostly independent of RGS10 actions. The data strongly suggest that RGS10 opposes activation by chemokines of the Vav1–Rac1 pathway in T cells, leading to repression of adhesion strengthening mediated by α4β1. In addition to control chemokine-upregulated T cell attachment, RGS10 also limited adhesion-independent cell chemotaxis and activation of cdc42. These results identify RGS10 as a key molecule that contributes to the termination of Gα-dependent signaling during chemokine-activated α4β1- and αLβ2-dependent T cell adhesion.
Th2 Responses to Helminth Parasites Can Be Therapeutically Enhanced by, but Are Not Dependent upon, GITR–GITR Ligand Costimulation In Vivo
Authors: van der Werf Nienke , Redpath Stephen A. , Phythian-Adams Alexander T. , Azuma Miyuki , Allen Judith E. , Maizels Rick M. , MacDonald Andrew S. , Taylor Matthew D. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
The immune suppression that characterizes human helminth infections can hinder the development of protective immunity or help to reduce pathogenic inflammation. Signaling through the T cell costimulator glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) counteracts immune downregulation by augmenting effector T cell responses and abrogating suppression by Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Thus, superphysiological Ab-mediated GITR costimulation represents a novel therapy for promoting protective immunity toward parasitic helminths, whereas blocking physiological GITR–GITR ligand (GITRL) interactions may provide a mechanism for dampening pathogenic Th2 inflammation. We investigated the superphysiological and physiological roles of the GITR–GITRL pathway in the development of protective and pathogenic Th2 responses in murine infection models of filariasis (Litomosoides sigmodontis) and schistosomiasis (Schistosoma mansoni). Providing superphysiological GITR costimulation using an agonistic anti-GITR mAb over the first 12 d of L. sigmodontis infection initially increased the quantity of Th2 cells, as well as their ability to produce Th2 cytokines. However, as infection progressed, the Th2 responses reverted to normal infection levels, and parasite killing remained unaffected. Despite the Th2-promoting role of superphysiological GITR costimulation, Ab-mediated blockade of the GITR–GITRL pathway did not affect Th2 cell priming or maintenance during L. sigmodontis infection. Blockade of GITR–GITRL interactions during the acute egg phase of S. mansoni infection resulted in reduced Th2 responses, but this effect was confined to the spleen and did not lead to changes in liver pathology. Thus, although superphysiological GITR costimulation can therapeutically enhance Th2 responses, physiological GITR–GITRL interactions are not required for the development of Th2-mediated resistance or pathology in murine models of filariasis and schistosomiasis.
Autoimmune Disease Risk Variant of IFIH1 Is Associated with Increased Sensitivity to IFN-α and Serologic Autoimmunity in Lupus Patients
Authors: Robinson Talin , Kariuki Silvia N. , Franek Beverly S. , Kumabe Marissa , Kumar Akaash A. , Badaracco Maria , Mikolaitis Rachel A. , Guerrero Galen , Utset Tammy O. , Drevlow Barbara E. , Zaacks Laura S. , Grober James S. , Cohen Lewis M. , Kirou Kyriakos A. , Crow Mary K. , Jolly Meenakshi , Niewold Timothy B. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Increased IFN-α signaling is a heritable risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IFN induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1) is a cytoplasmic dsRNA sensor that activates IFN-α pathway signaling. We studied the impact of the autoimmune-disease–associated IFIH1 rs1990760 (A946T) single nucleotide polymorphism upon IFN-α signaling in SLE patients in vivo. We studied 563 SLE patients (278 African-American, 179 European-American, and 106 Hispanic-American). Logistic regression models were used to detect genetic associations with autoantibody traits, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze IFN-α–induced gene expression in PBMCs in the context of serum IFN-α in the same blood sample. We found that the rs1990760 T allele was associated with anti-dsDNA Abs across all of the studied ancestral backgrounds (meta-analysis odds ratio = 1.34, p = 0.026). This allele also was associated with lower serum IFN-α levels in subjects who had anti-dsDNA Abs (p = 0.0026). When we studied simultaneous serum and PBMC samples from SLE patients, we found that the IFIH1 rs1990760 T allele was associated with increased IFN-induced gene expression in PBMCs in response to a given amount of serum IFN-α in anti-dsDNA–positive patients. This effect was independent of the STAT4 genotype, which modulates sensitivity to IFN-α in a similar way. Thus, the IFIH1 rs1990760 T allele was associated with dsDNA Abs, and in patients with anti-dsDNA Abs this risk allele increased sensitivity to IFN-α signaling. These studies suggest a role for the IFIH1 risk allele in SLE in vivo.