bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Mesh Type Flat Heat Pipes
Authors: Chien L.-H. , Shih Y.-C. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTFlat heat pipes having mesh capillaries were investigated experimentally in this study. An apparatus was designed to test thermal performance of plate type copper water heat pipe having one or two layers of #50 or #80 mesh capillary structures with 5 to 50 W heat input. The working fluid, water, is charged in volumes equivalent to 25%, 33%, or 50% of the internal space. In addition to horizontal orientation, heat pipes were tested with the evaporator section elevated up to 40 degree inclination angle. Temperature distribution of the heat pipe was measured, and the evaporator, adiabatic and condensation resistances were calculated separately. The effects of mesh size, charge volume fraction, and inclination angle on thermal resistance were discussed. In general, the #80 mesh yielded lower thermal resistance than the #50 mesh. Inclination angle has a more significant effect on condenser than evaporator. Analysis of evaporation and condensation in flat heat pipes was conducted and semi-empirical correlations were derived. The present evaporation correlation predicts evaporation resistance between −20% and +30%, and the condensation correlation predicts most condensation resistance data within ±30% for 25% and 33% charge volume fraction.
Hydrodynamic Performance of Two-Dimensional Undulating Foils in Triangular Formation
Authors: Chung M.-H. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTAs inspired by studies of fish schooling in literature, this work investigates hydrodynamic performance of a two-dimensional undulating-foil triad in viscous flows via numerical simulation. The chord of foil oscillates in the form of a streamwise traveling wave. The triad is in triangular formation,i.e., two foils followed by one. A series of triad configuration are computed assuming the same wave speed, amplitude, and frequency of chord traveling wave for each foil. The results show that, to achieve highest thrust efficiency, the two leading foils should separate from each other by 0.4 chord length, perform antiphase undulating motion, and the leading edge of the trailing foil stay 0.2 chord length in front of the trailing edges of the leading foils. An underlining mechanism, vortex pair shedding from the leading foil interacting with boundary-layer vorticity field of the trailing foil, has been identified to explain the efficiency enhancement. This optimal triad configuration is different from that obtained in a previous potential flow analysiss.
Study of Theory about Large Unified Symmetries for Hamilton Systems
Authors: Luo Y.-P. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, the new concept of theory about Large Unified Symmetries for Hamilton systems are presented. The Large Unified Symmetries and conserved quantities for Hamilton systems are studied by the relation between the three kinds of symmetries and the three kinds of conserved quantities. We worked on the Large Unified Symmetries and conserved quantities by Noether symmetry, Lie symmetry and Mei symmetry, including the definition and criterion of the Large Unified Symmetries and the conserved quantities deduced from them. The Large Unified Symmetries are a intersection set among the Noether symmetries, the Lie symmetries and the Mei symmetries. The theory about Large Unified Symmetries will play an important role in the fields of modern theoretical physics.
Temperature and Frequency Modified Fatigue Initiation Life of Solder Alloys Predicted by Endochronic Cyclic Damage-Coupled Viscoplasticity
Authors: Lee C. F. , Jeng S. I. , Liu M. T. 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an evolution equation of cyclically internal damage in the intrinsic damage time scale after the threshold cycles N0 was extended by employing its damage parameters proposed to be dependent of frequency (v) and temperature (T) under cyclic fatigue loading. The resulting damage-coupled endochronic viscoplasticity can drive v and T modified power form equations of cyclic damage and its fatigue initiation life = N1 + N0. Under fatigue tests with T effect and N0 = 0, the power form equation of N1(T)/(Th), named as T-LCM (T modified Lee Coffin-Manson) equation for fatigue initiation life can bederived. The T modified factor (Th) depends on the T dependent material elastic modulus, the cyclicstress-strain response and the damage parameters. Theoretical predictions in the life data ofSn/3.8Ag/0.7Cu solder alloy under cyclic strain test with Tϵ [298,393] K were very well.Also under fatigue tests with v effect only, the power form equation of /v-LCM (v modified Lee-Coffin-Manson) equation for fatigue initiation life can be derived. The v modified parameter depends on the v dependent cyclic stress-strain response and the damage parameters. Theoreticalpredictions in the life data of 96.5Sn/3.5Ag solder alloy with surface cracking effect i.e. N0 ≠ 0 during cyclicstrain tests with v ϵ [0.001,1] Hz were quite well.Obviously, the values of power exponents C in the T-LCM and the v-LCM equations can not be determinedsimply by the least square method as in the Coffin-Manson empirical formulae. Also, they must bejustified by constrains imposed in the material parameters defining in the cyclic stress-strain response andthe accumulation behavior of cyclic damage.The resultant equations derived here and the Δ-LCM equation derived under Δ angle proportional cyclicstrain tests can be combined together to form a T-v-ΔLCM equation for fatigue life studies in the solderalloys using bulk specimens or BGA solider joint specimens.
A NOTE ON NIELSEN EQUIVALENCE IN FINITELY GENERATED ABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: OANCEA DANIEL 
Published: June 2011

AbstractNielsen transformations determine the automorphisms of a free group of rank n, and also of a free abelian group of rank n, and furthermore the generating n-tuples of such groups form a single Nielsen equivalence class. For an arbitrary rank n group, the generating n-tuples may fall into several Nielsen classes. Diaconis and Graham [‘The graph of generating sets of an abelian group’, Colloq. Math.80 (1999), 31–38] determined the Nielsen classes for finite abelian groups. We extend their result to the case of infinite abelian groups.
CAN MOTHERS JUDGE THE SIZE OF THEIR NEWBORN? ASSESSING THE DETERMINANTS OF A MOTHER'S PERCEPTION OF A BABY'S SIZE AT BIRTH
Authors: CHANNON ANDREW A. R. 
Published: June 2011

SummaryBirth weight is known to be closely related to child health, although as many infants in developing countries are not weighed at birth and thus will not have a recorded birth weight it is difficult to use birth weight when analysing the determinants of child illness. It is common to use a proxy for birth weight instead, namely the mother's perception of the baby's size at birth. Using DHS surveys in Cambodia, Kazakhstan and Malawi the responses to this question were assessed to indicate the relationship between birth weight and mother's perception. The determinants of perception were investigated using multilevel ordinal regression to gauge if they are different for infants with and without a recorded birth weight, and to consider if there are societal or community influences on perception of size. The results indicate that mother's perception is closely linked to birth weight, although there are other influences on the classification of infants into size groups. On average, a girl of the same birth weight as a boy will be classified into a smaller size category. Likewise, infants who died by the time of the survey will be classified as smaller than similarly heavy infants who are still alive. There are significant variations in size perception between sampling districts and clusters, indicating that mothers mainly judge their child for size against a national norm. However, there is also evidence that the size of infants in the community around the newborn also has an effect on the final size perception classification. Overall the results indicate that mother's perception of size is a good proxy for birth weight in large nationally representative surveys, although care should be taken to control for societal influences on perception.
CONTRACEPTION USE AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AMONG WOMEN IN BANGLADESH
Authors: DALAL KOUSTUV , ANDREWS JOHANNA , DAWAD SURAYA 
Published: June 2011

SummaryThis study examines the association between contraception use and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh. The observational study of 10,996 women used the chi-squared test and logistic regressions to assess the associations. Almost 80% of all respondents had used contraceptives at some point in their lives. About half of the respondents (48%) were victims of physical violence, while 11% experienced sexual abuse from their husbands. Urban residents, higher educated women and women aged 20–44 were more likely to use contraceptives than their peers in rural areas, those with lower education and those in their late forties (45–49 years). Women exposed to physical violence were almost two times (OR 1.93, CI 1.55–2.41) more likely to use contraceptives compared with their non-abused peers. Sexual abuse had no significant association with contraceptive use. Physical violence is a predictor for higher levels of contraceptive use among women in Bangladesh. The findings emphasize the importance of screening for IPV at health care centres. The differences in urban and rural contraceptive use and IPV exposure identified by the study have policy implications for service delivery and planning.
CrATP interferes in the promastigote-macrophage interaction inLeishmania amazonensisinfection
Authors: ENNES-VIDAL V. , CASTRO R. O. S. , BRITTO C. , BARRABIN H. , D'AVILA-LEVY C. M. , MOREIRA O. C. 
Published: June 2011

SUMMARYRecent have shown the relationship between Ecto-Nucleoside-Triphosphate-Diphosphohydrolases (Ecto-NTPDases or ecto-nucleotidases) and virulence and infectivity in trypanosomatids. In this work, the inhibition of the ecto-ATPase activities and promastigote growth ofLeishmania amazonensisby CrATP was characterized. Furthermore, this compound was used to investigate the role of ecto-nucleotidase in the interaction ofL. amazonensiswith resident peritoneal macrophages obtained from BALB/c mice. CrATP partially inhibits the ecto-ATPase activity, presenting Ki values of 575·7±199·1 and 383·5±79·0μm, in the presence or absence of 5 mmMgCl2, respectively. The apparent Kms for ATP (2·9±0·5 mmto Mg2+-dependent ecto-ATPase and 0·4±0·2 mmto Mg2+-independent ecto-ATPase activities) are not significantly altered by CrATP, suggesting a reversible non-competitive inhibition of both enzymes. When CrATP was added to the cultivation medium at 500μm, it drastically inhibited the cellular growth. The interaction of promastigote forms ofL. amazonensiswith BALB/c peritoneal macrophages is strongly affected by CrATP. When the parasites were treated with 500μmCrATP before interacting with macrophages, the adhesion and endocytic indices were strongly reduced to 53·0±14·8% and 39·8±1·1%, respectively. These results indicate that ecto-nucleotidase plays an important role in the infection process caused byLeishmania amazonensis.
The reporting of mental disorders research in British media
Authors: Lewison G. , Roe P. , Wentworth A. , Szmukler G. 
Published: June 2011

BackgroundWhile the media may significantly influence public attitudes and government policies affecting the research agenda, how mental health research is reported in the media has been virtually unstudied. The aim of this study was to examine stories concerning mental health research published on the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) website between 1999 and 2008 and in New Scientist between 2008 and 2010.MethodStories were retrieved from on-line archives. Story content was coded and assessed against: ‘disease burden’ of mental disorders; the general corpus of research papers in mental health and the countries from which they originated; the journals in which cited papers were published; and funding sources.ResultsA total of 1015 BBC stories reporting mental health research and 133 New Scientist stories were found. The distribution of stories did not reflect ‘disease burden’; research on dementia was over-represented, while depression and alcohol were under-represented. There was an emphasis on biological research while stories on psychological interventions were rare. UK research was over-represented. Research funded by government and private non-profit sources was over-represented. Commentators from Alzheimer's Disease charities were prominent.ConclusionsConsideration of reported stories may suggest approaches to working with the media to improve the public understanding of, and support for, mental health research. The role of commentators may be especially important.
Progress in learning French vocabulary in a one-year advanced course at school
Authors: GRAHAM SUZANNE , RICHARDS BRIAN , MALVERN DAVID 
Published: June 2011

ABSTRACTThis article reports on vocabulary learning in French during Year 12 by 150 pupils in 15 English comprehensive schools. Vocabulary progress over two school terms was investigated in the context of learner strategy training that targeted listening and writing. This intervention was carried out in eleven schools and results compared with a comparison group of four schools. Recognition vocabulary and writing vocabulary measures taken during the students' course are compared with listening and writing scores, and examination results. Results suggest that interventions which target listening and writing skills do not lead to significant gains in vocabulary through incidental learning and the deployment of vocabulary in writing tasks. However, it also appears that extra time and effort devoted to developing listening and writing is not at the expense of vocabulary learning.
Complete experimental rovibrational eigenenergies of HCN up to 6880 cm−1 above the ground state
Authors: Mellau Georg Ch. 
Published: June 2011

The [H,C,N] molecular system is a very important model system to many fields of chemical physics and the experimental characterization of highly excited vibrational states of this molecular system is of special interest. This paper reports the experimental characterization of all 3822 eigenenergies up to 6880 cm−1 relative to the ground state in the HCN part of the potential surface using high temperature hot gas emission spectroscopy. The spectroscopic constants for the first 71 vibrational states including highly excited bending vibrations up to v2 = 10 are reported. The perturbed eigenenergies for all 20 rotational perturbations in the reported eigenenergy range have been determined. The 11 070 eigenenergies up to J = 90 for the first 123 vibrational substates are included as supplement to this paper. We show that a complete ab initio rovibrational analysis for a polyatomic molecule is possible. Using such an analysis we can understand the molecular physics behind the Schrödinger equation for problems for which perturbation theoretical calculations are no more valid. We show that the vibrational structure of the linear HCN molecule persists approximately up to the isomerization barrier and only above the barrier the accommodation of the vibrational states to the double well structure of the potential takes place.
Generative probabilistic models for protein–protein interaction networks—the biclique perspective
Authors: Schweiger Regev , Linial Michal , Linial Nathan 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Much of the large-scale molecular data from living cells can be represented in terms of networks. Such networks occupy a central position in cellular systems biology. In the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, nodes represent proteins and edges represent connections between them, based on experimental evidence. As PPI networks are rich and complex, a mathematical model is sought to capture their properties and shed light on PPI evolution. The mathematical literature contains various generative models of random graphs. It is a major, still largely open question, which of these models (if any) can properly reproduce various biologically interesting networks. Here, we consider this problem where the graph at hand is the PPI network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We are trying to distinguishing between a model family which performs a process of copying neighbors, represented by the duplication–divergence (DD) model, and models which do not copy neighbors, with the Barabási–Albert (BA) preferential attachment model as a leading example.
Results: The observed property of the network is the distribution of maximal bicliques in the graph. This is a novel criterion to distinguish between models in this area. It is particularly appropriate for this purpose, since it reflects the graph's growth pattern under either model. This test clearly favors the DD model. In particular, for the BA model, the vast majority (92.9%) of the bicliques with both sides ≥4 must be already embedded in the model's seed graph, whereas the corresponding figure for the DD model is only 5.1%. Our results, based on the biclique perspective, conclusively show that a naïve unmodified DD model can capture a key aspect of PPI networks.
Contact: regevs01@cs.huji.ac.il; michall@cc.huji.ac.il; nati@cs.huji.ac.il
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An enhanced Petri-net model to predict synergistic effects of pairwise drug combinations from gene microarray data
Authors: Jin Guangxu , Zhao Hong , Zhou Xiaobo , Wong Stephen T. C. 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Prediction of synergistic effects of drug combinations has traditionally been relied on phenotypic response data. However, such methods cannot be used to identify molecular signaling mechanisms of synergistic drug combinations. In this article, we propose an enhanced Petri-Net (EPN) model to recognize the synergistic effects of drug combinations from the molecular response profiles, i.e. drug-treated microarray data.
Methods: We addressed the downstream signaling network of the targets for the two individual drugs used in the pairwise combinations and applied EPN to the identified targeted signaling network. In EPN, drugs and signaling molecules are assigned to different types of places, while drug doses and molecular expressions are denoted by color tokens. The changes of molecular expressions caused by treatments of drugs are simulated by two actions of EPN: firing and blasting. Firing is to transit the drug and molecule tokens from one node or place to another, and blasting is to reduce the number of molecule tokens by drug tokens in a molecule node. The goal of EPN is to mediate the state characterized by control condition without any treatment to that of treatment and to depict the drug effects on molecules by the drug tokens.
Results: We applied EPN to our generated pairwise drug combination microarray data. The synergistic predictions using EPN are consistent with those predicted using phenotypic response data. The molecules responsible for the synergistic effects with their associated feedback loops display the mechanisms of synergism.
Availability: The software implemented in Python 2.7 programming language is available from request.
Contact: stwong@tmhs.org
A novel computational framework for simultaneous integration of multiple types of genomic data to identify microRNA-gene regulatory modules
Authors: Zhang Shihua , Li Qingjiao , Liu Juan , Zhou Xianghong Jasmine 
Published: June 2011

AbstractMotivation: It is well known that microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes work cooperatively to form the key part of gene regulatory networks. However, the specific functional roles of most miRNAs and their combinatorial effects in cellular processes are still unclear. The availability of multiple types of functional genomic data provides unprecedented opportunities to study the miRNA–gene regulation. A major challenge is how to integrate the diverse genomic data to identify the regulatory modules of miRNAs and genes.Results: Here we propose an effective data integration framework to identify the miRNA–gene regulatory comodules. The miRNA and gene expression profiles are jointly analyzed in a multiple non-negative matrix factorization framework, and additional network data are simultaneously integrated in a regularized manner. Meanwhile, we employ the sparsity penalties to the variables to achieve modular solutions. The mathematical formulation can be effectively solved by an iterative multiplicative updating algorithm. We apply the proposed method to integrate a set of heterogeneous data sources including the expression profiles of miRNAs and genes on 385 human ovarian cancer samples, computationally predicted miRNA–gene interactions, and gene–gene interactions. We demonstrate that the miRNAs and genes in 69% of the regulatory comodules are significantly associated. Moreover, the comodules are significantly enriched in known functional sets such as miRNA clusters, GO biological processes and KEGG pathways, respectively. Furthermore, many miRNAs and genes in the comodules are related with various cancers including ovarian cancer. Finally, we show that comodules can stratify patients (samples) into groups with significant clinical characteristics.Availability: The program and supplementary materials are available at http://zhoulab.usc.edu/SNMNMF/.Contact: xjzhou@usc.edu; zsh@amss.ac.cnSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
IPknot: fast and accurate prediction of RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots using integer programming
Authors: Sato Kengo , Kato Yuki , Hamada Michiaki , Akutsu Tatsuya , Asai Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2011

Abstract
Motivation: Pseudoknots found in secondary structures of a number of functional RNAs play various roles in biological processes. Recent methods for predicting RNA secondary structures cover certain classes of pseudoknotted structures, but only a few of them achieve satisfying predictions in terms of both speed and accuracy.
Results: We propose IPknot, a novel computational method for predicting RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots based on maximizing expected accuracy of a predicted structure. IPknot decomposes a pseudoknotted structure into a set of pseudoknot-free substructures and approximates a base-pairing probability distribution that considers pseudoknots, leading to the capability of modeling a wide class of pseudoknots and running quite fast. In addition, we propose a heuristic algorithm for refining base-paring probabilities to improve the prediction accuracy of IPknot. The problem of maximizing expected accuracy is solved by using integer programming with threshold cut. We also extend IPknot so that it can predict the consensus secondary structure with pseudoknots when a multiple sequence alignment is given. IPknot is validated through extensive experiments on various datasets, showing that IPknot achieves better prediction accuracy and faster running time as compared with several competitive prediction methods.
Availability: The program of IPknot is available at http://www.ncrna.org/software/ipknot/. IPknot is also available as a web server at http://rna.naist.jp/ipknot/.
Contact: satoken@k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ykato@is.naist.jp
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.