bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transdentinal cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of chlorhexidine gel applied on acid‐conditioned dentin substrate
Authors: Lessa Fernanda Campos Rosetti , Nogueira Indri , Huck Cláudia , Hebling Josimeri , de Souza Costa Carlos Alberto 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is capable of eliminating bacteria that may remain lodged in dentin after mechanical caries removal. In addition, the use of CHX on acid‐etched dentin before adhesive system application delays the resin–dentin interface degradation, maintaining the integrity of the adhesive restorations. Despite these advantages of using CHX in restorative dentistry, when applied on dentin, this chemical agent may diffuse across dentinal tubules to cause toxic effects to the pulp cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transdentinal cytotoxic effects caused by different concentrations of CHX gels applied on acid‐conditioned dentin substrate. Dentin discs (0.2‐mm and 0.5‐mm thick) were cut from human third molars and mounted in artificial pulp chambers. Odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells (50,000 cells/cm2) were seeded on the pulpal side of the discs, and the carbon polymer gel (natrosol) with different CHX concentrations (0.12, 0.2, 1, and 2%), 35% phosphoric acid, or pure natrosol were applied on the occlusal side of the discs, forming six treatment groups (n = 10 discs/thickness). The dentin discs in the control group (n = 10 discs/thickness) did not receive any treatment. In each group, cell metabolism was analyzed by the methyltetrazolium assay (n = 8/thickness), and cell morphology was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (n = 2/thickness). Statistical analysis showed that CHX gels had a dose‐dependent toxic effect on the odontoblast‐like cells. Cell metabolism decreased by 12.8, 14.6, 18.3, 26, 13.7, and 10.5% for the 0.5‐mm‐thick dentin discs and 23, 26.3, 28.1, 34.5, 22.5, and 19.4% for the 0.2‐mm‐thick dentin discs treated with 0.12% CHX, 0.2% CHX, 1% CHX, 2% CHX, H3PO4, and pure natrosol, respectively. According to the experimental conditions of the current investigation, it may be concluded that the application of natrosol gel with different concentrations of CHX on acid‐conditioned dentin causes mild transdentinal cytotoxic effects to the MDPC‐23 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Dentin acted as a biological barrier against CHX diffusion, and this effect was directly related to dentin thickness. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2010
Textile for heart valve prostheses: Fabric long‐term durability testing
Authors: Heim Frederic , Durand Bernard , Chakfe Nabil 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe rapid developments and success in percutaneous vascular surgery over the last two decades with the now common stent grafts implantation, make the noninvasive surgery technique today attractive even for heart valve replacement. Less traumatic for the patient and also less time consuming, percutaneous heart valve replacement is however at its beginning and restricted to end of life patients. The noninvasive procedure expects from the heart valve prosthesis material to be resistant and adapted to folding requirements of the implantation process (catheter). Polyester fabric could be a suited material for heart valve implanted percutaneously. Highly flexible and resistant, polyester fabric proved to be well adapted to the dynamic behavior of a valve and polyester (Dacron) is also widely used for vascular grafts implantation and shows good biocompatibility and durability. However, today there's no data available on long‐term durability of fabric used as heart valve material. The purpose of this work is to study the long term behavior of a microdenier polyester fabric construction under combined in vitro flexure and tension fatigue stress. In the novel in vitro testing technique presented, a fabric specimen was subjected to combined flexural and tensile fatigue generated by fluid flow under physiological pressure conditions. The results obtained show how flexural properties change with fatigue time, which reflects directly on the suitability of a fabric in such devices. It was also observed that these fabric structural changes directly influence the in vitro behavior of the textile heart valve prosthesis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
The biocompatibility of silver‐containing Na2O·CaO·2SiO2 glass prepared by sol–gel method: In vitro studies
Authors: Raucci Maria Grazia , Adesanya Kehinde , Di Silvio Lucy , Catauro Michelina , Ambrosio Luigi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis study was performed to determine the in vitro biocompatibility of a bioactive, antibacterial silver based gel. A human osteoblast‐like cell line (HOS TE85) was used to test cytocompatibility in the presence of eluants and the biological response in direct contact with Na2O·CaO·2SiO2 gel (containing 0.5050 wt % Ag2O prepared by a sol–gel process) sterilized by two different methods; autoclave and γ‐irradiation. MTT assay was used for the indirect evaluation of eluant toxicity and alamar Blue™ was performed to assess the biological response, which included cell viability and proliferation, and the results showed that these materials were cytocompatible. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2010
Effects of hyaluronic acid sponge as a scaffold on odontoblastic cell line and amputated dental pulp
Authors: Inuyama Yoshio , Kitamura Chiaki , Nishihara Tatsuji , Morotomi Takahiko , Nagayoshi Masato , Tabata Yasuhiko , Matsuo Kou , Chen Ker‐Kong , Terashita Masamichi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIt is important to develop a suitable three‐dimensional scaffold for the regeneration therapy of dental pulp. In the present study, the effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) sponge on responses of the odontoblastic cell line (KN‐3 cells) in vitro, as well as responses of amputated dental pulp of rat molar in vivo, were examined. In vitro, KN‐3 cells adhered to the stable structure of HA sponge and that of collagen sponge. In vivo, dental pulp proliferation and vessel invasion were observed in both sponges implanted at dentin defect area above amputated dental pulp, and the cell‐rich reorganizing tissue was observed in the dentin defect when HA sponge was implanted as compared with collagen sponge. Expression levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α in KN‐3 cells seeded in HA sponge were nearly the same with those in the cells seeded in collagen sponge, while the numbers (0.67 × 103 at 1 week and 0.7 × 103 at 3 weeks) of granulated leukocytes that invaded into HA sponge from amputated dental pulp was significantly lower than those (1.22 × 103 at 1 week and 1.1 × 103 at 3 weeks) of collagen sponge (p < 0.01 at 1 week and p < 0.05 at 3 weeks). These results suggest that HA sponge has an appropriate structure, biocompatibility, and biodegradation for use as a scaffold for dental pulp regeneration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2010
Effects of gamma‐ray irradiation on mechanical properties, osteoconductivity, and absorption of porous hydroxyapatite/collagen
Authors: Kawasaki Yuichi , Sotome Shinichi , Yoshii Toshitaka , Torigoe Ichiro , Maehara Hidetsugu , Sugata Yumi , Hirano Masahiro , Mochizuki Naomi , Shinomiya Kenichi , Okawa Atsushi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractIn this study, the effects of gamma‐ray irradiation on the mechanical properties, absorbability, and osteoconductivity of porous hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) were investigated. Porous HAp/Col was exposed to 16, 25, 35, or 50 kGy of gamma‐ray irradiation. The compressive elastic modulus showed irradiation dose‐dependence, with a particularly pronounced decrease in the 50‐kGy treatment group. An in vitro enzymatic digestion test showed that gamma‐ray irradiation of porous HAp/Col resulted in accelerated degradation by collagenase. For in vivo studies, porous HAp/Col was transplanted into the back muscles or bone defects in the femoral condyle of rats. Specimens were obtained at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Absorption of the implants in the muscle was time‐ and irradiation dose‐dependent, with notable absorption for the 35‐ and 50‐kGy groups at 2 weeks. At the skeletal sites, porous HAp/Col demonstrated high osteoconductivity in all irradiation treatment groups. Interestingly, not only implant absorption but also bone formation was irradiation dose‐dependent at early time points. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2010
Preparation and swelling properties of pH‐sensitive sodium alginate/layered double hydroxides hybrid beads for controlled release of diclofenac sodium
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Ping , Wang Qin , Xie Xiao‐Ling , Li Xun , Wang Ai‐Qin 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising materials for the preparation of novel drug delivery matrices. To reveal the interaction between LDHs and polymers, a series of pH‐sensitive sodium alginate/layered double hydroxides (SA/LDHs) hybrid beads were prepared using the simple surface crosslinking method. The SA/LDHs hybrid beads were characterized by FTIR, XRD, and SEM to study their structure and the role that LDHs play. Swelling behaviors in various aqueous solutions and drug loading as well as controlled release behavior of the SA/LDHs hybrid beads were also investigated by using diclofenac sodium (DS) as the model drug to reveal the effects of introduced LDHs. The results indicate that the positively charged LDHs layers are adsorbed on the negatively charged SA polymer chains through electrostatic interaction and act as inorganic crosslinkers in the three‐dimensional network. In addition, a small part of DS molecules intercalate into layers of LDHs through an anion exchange process. The electrostatic interaction between LDHs and SA has restricted movability of the SA polymer chains, and then slows down swelling and dissolution rates of the SA/LDHs hybrid beads in aqueous solutions. The electrostatic interaction and the intercalation of DS into layers of LDHs have also improved the entrapment efficiency (EE) and controlled release behavior of SA/LDHs hybrid beads for DS. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 2010
A contemporary review of sublingual immunotherapy
Authors: Toskala Elina 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThe sublingual route has become an interesting and novel therapeutic option for the immunotherapeutic management of patients with allergies. Immunotherapy modifies the immune response by decreasing the specific IgE levels and Th2‐type inflammation in the mucosa when allergen exposure occurs, shifting this toward a Th1‐type response. Credible evidence exists of both effectiveness and safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) from several placebo‐controlled double‐blind studies. SLIT has been shown to be an effective treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma in both children and adults. The therapy is well tolerated with mainly minor gastrointestinal side effects that subside in few weeks. The ideal treatment length and dosage still require further verification. Additional studies evaluating long‐term efficacy and the immune response of SLIT still need to be performed, and additional standardized antigens still need to be developed. Laryngoscope, 2009
Antiepileptic drugs in Australia: 2002–2007
Authors: Hollingworth Samantha A , Eadie Mervyn J 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPurposeWith the marketing of a number of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in recent years it seemed possible that the pattern of Australian prescribing for patients with epilepsy may have been changing. We examined the trends in the prescribing of subsidised AEDs in the Australian population from 2002 to 2007.MethodsWe analysed the Medicare Australia and Drug Utilisation Sub‐Committee databases for script data for AEDs from 2002 to 2007 in 5‐year age groups by gender and by class of prescriber. Scripts were converted to defined daily doses (DDDs)/1000/day using Australian Bureau of Statistics population data.ResultsOverall AED use (mainly valproate, lamotrigine and levetiracetam) increased progressively in 2002–2007 from 9.33 to 10.12 DDD/1000 population/day. Sodium valproate was the most widely used agent followed by carbamazepine then phenytoin. Amount of AED used increased in those aged in their 20s and 30s to plateau between 40 and 90 years. Use peaked in those aged 80–84 years and was slightly higher in males than females.ConclusionsThe rate of increase in the prescribing of AEDs remained steady between 2002 and 2007. The gender differences in prescribing reflect the higher prevalence of epilepsy in men and higher individual dosages used when many AEDs are prescribed on a body weight basis. The high use of some of these drugs in elderly people (≥80 years) warrants further exploration. There is growing use of lamotrigine and gabapentin for indications apart from epilepsy—most likely neuropathic pain and mood disorders. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ras responsive element binding protein‐1 (RREB‐1) down‐regulates hZIP1 expression in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Milon Beatrice C. , Agyapong Anthony , Bautista Roderick , Costello Leslie C. , Franklin Renty B. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDNormal prostate accumulates extremely high levels of zinc compared to other soft tissues. In contrast, the level of zinc in the prostate decreases significantly in prostate cancer. We have shown that down‐regulation of the expression of the zinc transporter hZIP1 in prostate cancer is an important event that is responsible for the decrease of zinc levels. However, the mechanism of hZIP1 down‐regulation is not known. We have hypothesized that hZIP1 is down‐regulated through transcriptional regulation.METHODSThe hZIP1 promoter was studied using luciferase reporter assays, site‐directed mutagenesis, gel shift, and ChIP assay.RESULTSWe have characterized a promoter region, downstream of the transcription start site, responsible for repression of hZIP1 transcription. We demonstrate that this region contains a binding site for the Ras‐Responsive Element Binding protein 1 (RREB‐1) and that the binding of RREB‐1 to the hZIP1 promoter is involved in the decrease of hZIP1 transcription in PC‐3 cells.CONCLUSIONThe Ras pathway and activation of RREB‐1 are involved in hZIP1 down‐regulation and may play a role in the decrease of the transporter expression in prostate cancer. Prostate 70: 288–296, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature effect on free volume of polymethylpentene studied by positron annihilation technique
Authors: Abdel‐Hady E. E. , Mohamed Hamdy F. M. , El‐Sharkawy M. R. M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractPolymethylpentene (PMP) possesses high mechanical, thermal and chemical stability coupled with high conductivity and ionic selectivity which is used for autoclavable medical and laboratory equipment. The Positron annihilation Lifetime (PAL) measurements were performed at temperatures from 300 K down to 165 K (1st cooling run), from 175 K up to 425 K (1st heating run), and from 425 K to 165 K (2nd cooling run) under vacuum. The temperature dependence of the free volume and its contents, which were deduced from the ortho‐ positronium (o ‐Ps) lifetime, exhibited a little change between the cooling and heating runs, so that the behavior appears to be reversible. The variation of the free volume with temperature reflects the glass transition temperature of PMP at about 300 K. Based on the free volume theory of Cohen‐Turnbull, the ionic conductivity σ is correlated with the mean hole volume Vh·. A linear relation between ln(σT0.5) and 1/Vh was observed and the critical hole volume was also estimated to be around 811.9 Å3. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the modularization and reuse of exception handling with aspects
Authors: Castor Fernando , Cacho Nélio , Figueiredo Eduardo , Garcia Alessandro , Rubira Cecília M. F. , de Amorim Jefferson Silva , da Silva Hítalo Oliveira 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis paper presents an in‐depth study of the adequacy of the AspectJ language for modularizing and reusing exception‐handling code. The study consisted of refactoring existing applications so that the code responsible for implementing error‐handling strategies was moved to newly created exception handler aspects. We have performed quantitative assessments of five systems—four object‐oriented and one aspect‐oriented—based on four key quality attributes, namely separation of concerns, coupling, cohesion, and conciseness. Our investigation also included a multi‐perspective analysis of the refactored systems, including (i) the extent to which error‐handling aspects can be reused, (ii) the beneficial and harmful aspectization scenarios for exception handling, and (iii) the scalability of AOP to support the modularization of exception handling in the presence of other aspects. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tools and strategies for debugging distributed stream processing applications
Authors: Gedik Buğra , Andrade Henrique , Frenkiel Andy , De Pauw Wim , Pfeifer Michael , Allen Paul , Cohen Norman , Wu Kun‐Lung 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDistributed data stream processing applications are often characterized by data flow graphs consisting of a large number of built‐in and user‐defined operators connected via streams. These flow graphs are typically deployed on a large set of nodes. The data processing is carried out on‐the‐fly, as tuples arrive at possibly very high rates, with minimum latency. It is well known that developing and debugging distributed, multi‐threaded, and asynchronous applications, such as stream processing applications, can be challenging. Thus, without domain‐specific debugging support, developers struggle when debugging distributed applications. In this paper, we describe tools and language support to support debugging distributed stream processing applications. Our key insight is to view debugging of stream processing applications from four different, but related, perspectives. First, debugging the semantics of the application involves verifying the operator‐level composition and inspecting the flows at the logical level. Second, debugging the user‐defined operators involves traditional source‐code debugging, but strongly tied to the stream‐level interactions. Third, debugging the deployment details of the application require understanding the runtime physical layout and configuration of the application. Fourth, debugging the performance of the application requires inspecting various performance metrics (such as communication rates, CPU utilization, etc.) associated with streams, operators, and nodes in the system. In light of this characterization, we developed several tools such as adebugger‐awarecompiler and an associatedstream debugger,composition and deployment visualizers, andperformance visualizers, as well as language support, such as configuration knobs for logging and tracing, deployment configurations such as operator‐to‐process and process‐to‐node mappings, monitoring directives to inspect streams, and special sink adapters to intercept and dump streaming data to files and sockets, to name a few. We describe these tools in the context ofSpade—a language for creating distributed stream processing applications, andSystem S—a distributed stream processing middleware under development at the IBM Watson Research Center. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon dioxide‐enhanced virtual MDCT cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Sugimoto Maki , Yasuda Hideki , Koda Keiji , Suzuki Masato , Yamazaki Masato , Tezuka Tohru , Kosugi Chihiro , Higuchi Ryota , Watayo Yoshihisa , Yagawa Yohsuke , Uemura Shuichiro , Tsuchiya Hironori , Azuma Takeshi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBackground/PurposeWe investigated the feasibility of new carbon dioxide‐enhanced virtual multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) cholangiopancreatography (CMCP) for intraluminal exploration in 73 patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease.MethodsCMCP was performed via a percutaneous or transpapillary drainage tube, and, synchronously, intravenous contrast material was employed for virtual angiography; three‐dimensional (3D) virtual reality was incorporated using OsiriX and Fovia applications. The capability of carbon dioxide to delineate the biliary and pancreatic system was evaluated.ResultsAll CMCPs showed complete technical success; complications including pancreatitis or pain never occurred. The incidences of visible third‐ and fourth‐order biliary branches were 100 and 86.0%. The capability of carbon dioxide to pass an obstruction through an occluded hilar bile duct malignancy was 80.0%; it provided feasible information on additional bile duct segments. The full extent of the gallbladder was depicted in 72.7% of the studies. Minimum 2‐mm lesions of biliary stones or gallbladder polyps were clearly detected. The main or second‐order pancreatic ducts were visible in 100 and 83.3% of the studies, respectively. Carbon dioxide enabled the replacement of mucin and pancreatic juice and facilitated the detection of cystic lesions of intraductal papillary‐mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) in 75.0% of the studies. We succeeded in achieving 3D spatial recognition of vascular structures in the cholangiopancreatic region, through the fusion of CMCP and 3DCT arteriography and venography in a single image scanning, and radiation time was decreased. This combined modality proved to be feasible for planning operations and for image‐guided navigated surgery in the resection of a malignancy.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of carbon dioxide MDCT cholangiopancreatography and the use of this modality for depicting biliary, pancreatic, and fusion blood vessels simultaneously. Carbon dioxide possesses many advantages over conventional iodinated contrast agents, and it might replace more invasive diagnostic measures in the near future.
Antinociceptive desensitizing actions of TRPV1 receptor agonists capsaicin, resiniferatoxin andN‐oleoyldopamine as measured by determination of the noxious heat and cold thresholds in the rat
Authors: Bölcskei Kata , Tékus Valéria , Dézsi László , Szolcsányi János , Pethő Gábor 
Published: October 2009

AbstractAgonists of the TRPV1 receptor excite TRPV1‐expressing polymodal nociceptors that is followed after higher doses by a state of diminished responsiveness called desensitization which ensues at two levels: (i) diminished responsiveness of the ion channel (TRPV1 receptor desensitization); (ii) diminished responsiveness of the nerve endings to all stimuli including noxious heat. The aim was to compare these desensitizing actions of TRPV1 agonists in the rat by measuring with an incremental hot/cold plate the noxious heat and cold thresholds, i.e. the lowest hot and highest cold plate temperature, respectively, that evokes nocifensive behaviour. Capsaicin (3.3–1000 nmol) or resiniferatoxin (0.016–0.5 nmol) applied intraplantarly evoked a sustained dose‐dependent elevation of the noxious heat threshold lasting for 2–11 days.N‐oleoyldopamine failed to elevate the heat threshold. The noxious cold threshold was decreased by capsaicin or resiniferatoxin with a recovery within 2–4 days. The diminished acute nocifensive and heat threshold‐lowering effects of resiniferatoxin orN‐oleoyldopamine by pretreatment with doses that failed to elevate the heat threshold and to alter the nocifensive action of the TRPA1 activator formaldehyde, were taken as indication of TRPV1 receptor desensitization. In conclusion, using measurement of threshold temperatures eliciting nocifensive reactions in rats both in the hot and cold range revealed that capsaicin and RTX impair thermosensation in both noxious ranges due to a functional desensitization of peripheral terminals of TRPV1‐expressing sensory neurons responsible for noxious heat and cold responsiveness. This could be differentiated from desensitization of TRPV1 receptor evoked by lower doses of resiniferatoxin orN‐oleoyldopamine.