bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DBU‐Promoted Nucleophilic Activation of Carbonic Acid Diesters
Authors: Carafa Marianna , Mesto Ernesto , Quaranta Eugenio 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe reactivity of carbonic acid diesters in the presence of the amidine base DBU (1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene) has been investigated for the first time. Organic carbonates can be activated by DBU through the formation of N‐alkoxycarbonyl ketene aminal 2 as the ultimate product. The latter species may form through deprotonation of the corresponding N‐alkoxycarbonyl‐amidinium cation 1+ by the amidine base. We have for the first time isolated and characterized, both in the solid state (X‐ray crystal structure determination, IR) and in solution (NMR), a few 1+ chloride salts and studied their reactivity towards the organic base. The reactivity of both 1+ and 2 with methanol has also been explored. Ketene aminal 2 behaves as a “CO2R” carrier, as it can selectively transfer the alkoxycarbonyl group to the alcohol and regenerate the amidine base.
Nickel Nanoparticle Modified BDD Electrode Shows an Electrocatalytic Response to Adenine and DNA in Aqueous Alkaline Media
Authors: Harfield John C. , Toghill Kathryn E. , Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Downing Clive , Compton Richard G. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe electrooxidation of adenine, guanine and DNA was investigated under alkaline conditions at unmodified (BDDE) and at a nickel nanoparticle modified boron‐doped diamond electrodes (Ni‐BDDE). An oxidative response was observed at the Ni‐BDDE for each analyte, particularly notable of the adenine as the oxidation overpotential was reduced to below 0.5 V vs. SCE, and was otherwise unobserved at the unmodified electrode.
Laryngeal function preservation following supracricoid partial laryngectomy
Authors: Castro Alejandro , Sanchez‐Cuadrado Isabel , Bernaldez Ricardo , Del Palacio Antonio , Gavilan Javier 
Published: March 2011

AbstractBackgroundSupracricoid partial laryngectomy is a surgical technique that preserves laryngeal function.MethodsA retrospective review of clinical records identified 41 patients that underwent supracricoid partial laryngectomy at our institution since 1998. In all, 26 patients with a minimum follow‐up of 3 months were alive with a functioning larynx. All of them accepted participation in a functional evaluation.ResultsNinety‐seven percent of the patients were decannulated, and every patient achieved oral intake. The 5‐year actuarial laryngoesophageal dysfunction‐free survival was 66.5%. Median Voice Handicap Index (VHI) score was 26, with 75% of patients scoring <40. The Median MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) score was 92, with 75% of patients scoring ≥80. Median maximum phonation time (MPT) was 12 seconds. Median maximum intensity (Imax) was 99 dB.ConclusionsSupracricoid partial laryngectomy allows laryngeal function preservation at a rate similar to that of chemoradiation protocols. When a careful preoperative patient selection is performed, long‐term functional results are outstanding. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Adult weight change and incidence of premenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Michels Karin B. , Terry Kathryn L. , Eliassen A. Heather , Hankinson Susan E. , Willett Walter C. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOverweight and obesity are inversely related to the risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women. We assessed the association between adult weight change since age 18 years with the risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women to explore whether weight gain was associated with a decrease in risk and weight loss was associated with an increase in risk. A total of 56,223 premenopausal participants in the Nurses' Health Study and 109,385 premenopausal participants in the Nurses' Health Study II were prospectively followed for up to 32 years and 18 years, respectively, and weight change since age 18 years was assessed biennially. The incidence of invasive breast cancer was assessed throughout follow‐up. Weight loss of 5 kg or more since age 18, maintained for at least 4 years, was related to lower incidence of premenopausal breast cancer, compared to maintaining a stable weight, but this relation was of borderline statistical significance (covariate‐adjusted HR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.52–1.09). Weight gain since age 18 years was also inversely related to breast cancer incidence among premenopausal women (covariate‐adjusted p for trend = 0.01), but the association weakened after controlling for weight at age 18 and did not reach statistical significance (p for trend = 0.08). Although obesity and breast cancer among premenopausal women are inversely related, weight loss since age 18 years did not increase and weight gain did not significantly decrease the risk of premenopausal breast cancer among participants in the large prospective cohorts of NHS and NHS II.
Systems biology provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms that control the fate of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Mallanna Sunil K. , Rizzino Angie 
Published: March 2011

AbstractDuring the last 5 years there has been enormous progress in developing a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the self‐renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESC). Early progress resulted from studying individual transcription factors and signaling pathways. Unexpectedly, these studies demonstrated that small changes in the levels of master regulators, such as Oct4 and Sox2, promote the differentiation of ESC. More recently, impressive progress has been made using technologies that provide a global view of the signaling pathways and the gene regulatory networks that control the fate of ESC. This review provides an overview of the progress made using several different high‐throughput technologies and focuses on proteomic studies, which provide the first glimpse of the protein–protein interaction networks used by ESC. The latter studies indicate that transcription factors required for the self‐renewal of ESC are part of a large, highly integrated protein–protein interaction landscape, which helps explain why the levels of master regulators need to be regulated precisely in ESC. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 27–34, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malignant mesothelioma: Facts, Myths, and Hypotheses
Authors: Carbone Michele , Ly Bevan H. , Dodson Ronald F. , Pagano Ian , Morris Paul T. , Dogan Umran A. , Gazdar Adi F. , Pass Harvey I. , Yang Haining 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma (MM) is a neoplasm arising from mesothelial cells lining the pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial cavities. Over 20 million people in the US are at risk of developing MM due to asbestos exposure. MM mortality rates are estimated to increase by 5–10% per year in most industrialized countries until about 2020. The incidence of MM in men has continued to rise during the past 50 years, while the incidence in women appears largely unchanged. It is estimated that about 50–80% of pleural MM in men and 20–30% in women developed in individuals whose history indicates asbestos exposure(s) above that expected from most background settings. While rare for women, about 30% of peritoneal mesothelioma in men has been associated with exposure to asbestos. Erionite is a potent carcinogenic mineral fiber capable of causing both pleural and peritoneal MM. Since erionite is considerably less widespread than asbestos, the number of MM cases associated with erionite exposure is smaller. Asbestos induces DNA alterations mostly by inducing mesothelial cells and reactive macrophages to secrete mutagenic oxygen and nitrogen species. In addition, asbestos carcinogenesis is linked to the chronic inflammatory process caused by the deposition of a sufficient number of asbestos fibers and the consequent release of pro‐inflammatory molecules, especially HMGB‐1, the master switch that starts the inflammatory process, and TNF‐alpha by macrophages and mesothelial cells. Genetic predisposition, radiation exposure and viral infection are co‐factors that can alone or together with asbestos and erionite cause MM. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 44–58, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromosomal instability in mouse embryonic fibroblasts null for the transcriptional co‐repressor Ski
Authors: Marcelain Katherine , Armisen Ricardo , Aguirre Adam , Ueki Nobuhide , Toro Jessica , Colmenares Clemencia , Hayman Michael J 
Published: March 2011

AbstractSki is a transcriptional regulator that has been considered an oncoprotein given its ability to induce oncogenic transformation in avian model systems. However, studies in mouse and in some human tumor cells have also indicated a tumor suppressor activity for this protein. We found that Ski−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts exhibit high levels of genome instability, namely aneuploidy, consistent with a tumor suppressor function for Ski. Time‐lapse microscopy revealed lagging chromosomes and chromatin/chromosome bridges as the major cause of micronuclei (MN) formation and the subsequent aneuploidy. Although these cells arrested in mitosis after treatment with spindle disrupting drugs and exhibited a delayed metaphase/anaphase transition, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) was not sufficient to prevent chromosome missegregation, consistent with a weakened SAC. Our in vivo analysis also showed dynamic metaphase plate rearrangements with switches in polarity in cells arrested in metaphase. Importantly, after ectopic expression of Ski the cells that displayed this metaphase arrest died directly during metaphase or after aberrant cell division, relating SAC activation and mitotic cell death. This increased susceptibility to undergo mitosis‐associated cell death reduced the number of MN‐containing cells. The presented data support a new role for Ski in the mitotic process and in maintenance of genetic stability, providing insights into the mechanism of tumor suppression mediated by this protein. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 278–287, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TGF‐β1 enhances Kv2.1 potassium channel protein expression and promotes maturation of cerebellar granule neurons
Authors: Zhuang Jia‐Li , Wang Chang‐Ying , Zhou Meng‐Hua , Duan Kai‐Zheng , Mei Yan‐Ai 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMembers of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family of cytokines are involved in diverse physiological processes. Although TGF‐β is known to play multiple roles in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), its role in neuronal development has not been explored. We have studied the effects of TGF‐β1 on the electrophysiological properties and maturation of rat primary cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). We report that incubation with TGF‐β1 increased delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) amplitudes in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, but did not affect the kinetic properties of the channel. Exposure to TGF‐β1 (20 ng/ml) for 36 h led to a 37.2% increase in IK amplitudes. There was no significant change in mRNA levels for the key Kv2.1 channel protein, but translation blockade abolished the increase in protein levels and channel activity, arguing that TGF‐β1 increases IK amplitudes by upregulating translation of the Kv2.1 channel protein. Although TGF‐β1 treatment did not affect the activity of protein kinase A (PKA), and constitutive activation of PKA with forskolin failed to increase IK amplitudes, inhibition of PKA prevented channel upregulation, demonstrating that basal PKA activity is required for TGF‐β1 stimulation of IK channel activity. TGF‐β1 also promoted the expression of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor α6 subunit, a marker of mature CGNs, and calcium influx during depolarizing stimuli was reduced by TGF‐β1. The effects of TGF‐β1 were only observed during a narrow developmental time‐window, and were lost as CGNs matured. These findings suggest that TGF‐β1 upregulates K+ channel expression and IK currents and thereby promotes CGN maturation. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 297–307, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scanning electron microscopy studies of antennal sensilla of Ooencyrtus phongi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)
Authors: Xi Yu‐Qiang , Yin Xin‐Ming , Zhu Chao‐Dong , Guerrieri Emilio , Zhang Yan‐Zhou 
Published: March 2011

AbstractOoencyrtus phongi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an important egg parasitoid of the litchi stink bug, Tessaratoma papillosa (Drury) (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae). Antennae of parasitic Hymenoptera are important sensory organs and play an important role in host location, host discrimination, courtship, and mating behavior. In this article, we examined the external morphology of the antennal sensilla of female and male of O. phongi using scanning electron microscopy. Twelve morphological sensillar types were recognized in both sexes, including the placoid sensilla, basiconic sensilla, two types of sensilla trichodea, and eight types of sensilla chaetica. Major differences were found between the sexes, in number, distribution, shape, structure, and size of the identified sensilla. These results are discussed in relation to the possible role of these sensilla in the host location behavior of O. phongi. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scanning electron microscopy with an ionic liquid reveals the loss of mitotic protrusions of cells during the epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Ishigaki Yasuhito , Nakamura Yuka , Takehara Teruaki , Shimasaki Takeo , Tatsuno Takanori , Takano Fumihide , Ueda Yoshimichi , Motoo Yoshiharu , Takegami Tsutomu , Nakagawa Hideaki , Kuwabata Susumu , Nemoto Noriko , Tomosugi Naohisa , Miyazawa Shichiro 
Published: March 2011

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key event in cancer metastasis and is characterized by increase in cell motility, increase in expression of mesenchymal cell markers, loss of proteins from cell‐to‐cell junction complexes, and changes in cell morphology. Here, the morphological effects of a representative EMT inducer, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, were investigated in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells and pancreatic carcinoma (Panc‐1) cells. TGF‐β1 caused morphological changes characteristic of EMT, and immunostaining showed loss of E‐cadherin from cell‐to‐cell junction complexes in addition to the upregulation of the mesenchymal marker vimentin. During scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an ionic liquid, we observed EMT‐specific morphological changes, including the formation of various cell protrusions. Interestingly, filopodia in mitotic cells were clearly observed by SEM, and the number of these filopodia in TFG‐β1‐treated mitotic cells was reduced significantly. We conclude that this reduction in such mitotic protrusions is a novel effect of TGF‐β1 and may contribute to EMT. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenotypic and genomic analysis of serotype 3 sabin poliovirus vaccine produced in MRC‐5 Cell substrate
Authors: Alirezaie Behnam , Taqavian Mohammad , Aghaiypour Khosrow , Esna‐Ashari Fatemeh , Shafyi Abbas 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe cell substrate has a pivotal role in live virus vaccines production. It is necessary to evaluate the effects of the cell substrate on the properties of the propagated viruses, especially in the case of viruses which are unstable genetically such as polioviruses, by monitoring the molecular and phenotypical characteristics of harvested viruses. To investigate the presence/absence of mutation(s), the near full‐length genomic sequence of different harvests of the type 3 Sabin strain of poliovirus propagated in MRC‐5 cells were determined. The sequences were compared with genomic sequences of different virus seeds, vaccines, and OPV‐like isolates. Nearly complete genomic sequencing results, however, revealed no detectable mutations throughout the genome RNA‐plaque purified (RSO)‐derived monopool of type 3 OPVs manufactured in MRC‐5. Thirty‐six years of experience in OPV production, trend analysis, and vaccine surveillance also suggest that: (i) different monopools of serotype 3 OPV produced in MRC‐5 retained their phenotypic characteristics (temperature sensitivity and neuroattenuation), (ii) MRC‐5 cells support the production of acceptable virus yields, (iii) OPV replicated in the MRC‐5 cell substrate is a highly efficient and safe vaccine. These results confirm previous reports that MRC‐5 is a desirable cell substrate for the production of OPV. J. Med. Virol. 83:897–903, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic and virulence analysis of tick‐borne encephalitis virus field isolates from Switzerland
Authors: Gäumann Rahel , Růžek Daniel , Mühlemann Kathrin , Strasser Marc , Beuret Christian M. 
Published: March 2011

AbstractTick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) is an endemic disease in Switzerland, with about 110–120 reported human cases each year. Endemic areas are found throughout the country. However, the viruses circulating in Switzerland have not been characterized so far. In this study, the complete envelope (E) protein sequences and phylogenetic classification of 72 TBE viruses found in Ixodes ricinus ticks sampled at 39 foci throughout Switzerland were analyzed. All isolates belonged to the European subtype and were highly related (mean pairwise sequence identity of 97.8% at the nucleotide and 99.6% at the amino acid level of the E protein). Sixty‐four isolates were characterized in vitro with respect to their plaque phenotype. More than half (57.8%) of isolates produced a mixture of plaques of different sizes, reflecting a heterogeneous population of virus variants. Isolates consistently forming plaques of small size were associated with recently detected endemic foci with no or only sporadic reports of clinical cases. All of six virus isolates investigated in an in vivo mouse model were highly neurovirulent (100% mortality) but exhibited a relatively low level of neuroinvasiveness, with mouse survival rates ranging from 50% to 100%. Therefore, TBE viruses circulating in Switzerland belong to the European subtype and are closely related. In vitro and in vivo surrogates suggest a high proportion of isolates with a relatively low level of virulence, which is in agreement with a hypothesized high proportion of subclinical or mild TBE infections. J. Med. Virol. 83:853–863, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of human parechovirus and enterovirus detection frequencies in cerebrospinal fluid samples collected over a 5‐year period in edinburgh: HPeV type 3 identified as the most common picornavirus type
Authors: Harvala Heli , McLeish Nigel , Kondracka Jasmina , McIntyre Chloe L. , McWilliam Leitch E. Carol , Templeton Kate , Simmonds Peter 
Published: March 2011

AbstractHuman enteroviruses (EVs) and more recently parechoviruses (HPeVs) have been identified as the principal viral causes of neonatal sepsis‐like disease and meningitis. The relative frequencies of specific EV and HPeV types were determined over a 5‐year surveillance period using highly sensitive EV and HPeV PCR assays for screening 4,168 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected from hospitalized individuals between 2005 and 2010 in Edinburgh. Positive CSF samples were typed by sequencing of VP1. From the 201 EV and 31 HPeV positive (uncultured) CSF samples on screening, a high proportion of available samples could be directly typed (176/182, 97%). Highest frequencies of EV infections occurred in young adults (n = 43; 8.6%) although a remarkably high proportion of positive samples (n = 98; 46%) were obtained from young infants (<3 months). HPeV infections were seen exclusively in children under the age of 3 months (31/1,105; 2.8%), and confined to spring on even‐numbered years (22% in March 2006, 25% in April 2008, and 22% in March 2010). In contrast, EV infections were distributed widely across the years. Twenty different EV serotypes were detected; E9, E6, and CAV9 being found most frequently, whereas all but one HPeVs were type 3. Over this period, HPeV3 was identified as the most prevalent picornavirus type in CNS‐related infections with similarly high incidences of EV infection frequencies in very young children. The highly sensitive virus typing methods applied in this study will assist further EV and HPeV screening of sepsis and meningitis cases as well as in future molecular epidemiological studies and population surveillance. J. Med. Virol. 83:889–896, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exposure to multiple subgenotypes of hepatitis a virus during an outbreak using matched serum and saliva specimens
Authors: Amado Luciane Almeida , Villar Livia Melo , de Paula Vanessa Salete , Pinto Marcelo Alves , Gaspar Ana Maria Coimbra 
Published: March 2011

AbstractMatched serum and saliva samples were collected simultaneously from 124 subjects exposed during a hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreak at a daycare center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All samples were tested for IgM and total anti‐HAV antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). HAV was detected by nested PCR in serum, saliva, and water samples employing primers for the VP1/2A region of the viral RNA; all positive products were then sequenced. The viral load of the matched samples was determined by real‐time PCR using the TaqMan system. HAV‐RNA was identified by nested PCR in 37.7% of the saliva samples, 29% of the serum samples, and one drinking water sample. The mean HAV viral load was similar in the serum and saliva specimens (103 copies/ml). HAV genotypes IA and IB were detected in both specimen types, and the water sample isolate was classified as genotype IB, indicating the existence of more than one source of infection at the daycare center. In six infected patients, a different HAV subgenotype was found in their serum than in their saliva, and this unusual pattern of mixed HAV infection was investigated further by molecular cloning followed by nucleotide sequencing. All clones derived from the saliva samples belonged to subgenotype IB and shared 96.5–100% identity. However, clones derived from their corresponding serum sample belonged to subgenotype IA and shared 90.5–100% identity. This study showed the important role that non‐invasive saliva samples can play in the molecular epidemiological analysis of a hepatitis A outbreak. J. Med. Virol. 83:768–775, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70 expression is induced by hepatitis C virus and is related to the apoptotic response
Authors: Takano Takashi , Kohara Michinori , Kasama Yuri , Nishimura Tomohiro , Saito Makoto , Kai Chieko , Tsukiyama‐Kohara Kyoko 
Published: March 2011

AbstractThe localization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins in cells leads to several problems. The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70 (TOM70) is a mitochondrial import receptor. In this study, TOM70 expression was induced by HCV infection. TOM70 overexpression induced resistance to tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐mediated apoptosis but not to Fas‐induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. TOM70 was found to be induced by the HCV non‐structural protein (NS)3/4A protein, and silencing of TOM70 decreased the levels of the NS3 and Mcl‐1 proteins. These results indicate that TOM70 can directly interact with the NS3 protein. In hepatoma cells, silencing of TOM70 induced apoptosis and increased caspase‐3/7 activity but did not modify caspase‐8 and caspase‐9 activity. TOM70 silencing‐induced apoptosis was impaired in HCV NS3/4A protein‐expressing cells. Thus, this study revealed a novel finding, that is, TOM70 is linked with the NS3 protein and the apoptotic response. J. Med. Virol. 83:801–809, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.