bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving performance appraisals using a real‐time talent management system
Authors: Samarakone Peter 
Published: June 2010

PurposeReveals how a real‐time talent‐management system (RTTMS) can improve the performance‐appraisal process using existing technologies and current HR best practices.Design/methodology/approachDescribes how a RTTMS works and highlights the factors needed for proper implementation.FindingsExplains that a RTTMS enables management continuously to document an employee's actual performance results and any other job‐related actions or behaviors that would affect the achievement of goals set for the employee or for those around him or her, all the while providing employees with the specific feedback they need. The culmination is that management can make historically accurate data‐driven decisions.Practical implicationsSuggests that a RTTMS can lead to better business decisions, increased communication, higher profitability and reduced legal exposure.Social implicationsReveals if that different organizations used the same system, and opted anonymously to share their job descriptions, objectives and corresponding job codes, they would be better able to cross‐validate job responsibilities and work history.Originality/valueArgues that a RTTMS is a true system improvement because it enables employees equipped with a smartphone to communicate any changes in their job responsibilities, priorities or needs to management in real time, which allows not only for the increased validity of performance appraisals, but also for an up‐to‐date database of all job descriptions, resulting in a better quality of hire.
Plato as personnel manager
Authors: Short Tom 
Published: June 2010

PurposeDescribes how Plato's philosophy has influenced, and may continue to affect, modern human‐resource management.Design/methodology/approachOutlines some of Plato's main ideas – including the role of the philosopher king in striving for the ideal – and draws out their relevance for current HR thinking and practice.FindingsContends that the platonic HR manager would oppose the notion of flatter structures. Policy would encourage progression through education, recognizing that not everyone had the qualities or wisdom to become a top executive. Men would rise faster than women, and emphasis would be placed on age, experience and service. Training and development would be more segmented and orientated towards efficiency.Practical implicationsArgues that, on the basis of Plato's philosophy, educated and enlightened leaders would go the extra mile for the good of the enterprise and senior executives would set an example.Social implicationsHighlights an anti‐democratic notion at the heart of Plato's philosophy: that truth and reality reside in a universal series of ideals, or forms, that transcend the material world and are understood only by a few members of a privileged class.Originality/valueApplies 2,500‐year‐old ideas to the modern HR world.
A personalized rhythm click‐based authentication system
Authors: Chang Ting‐Yi , Yang Yu‐Ju , Peng Chun‐Cheng 
Published: June 2010

PurposeIn keystroke‐based authentication systems, an input device to enter a password is needed. Users are verified by checking the validity of the password and typing characteristics. However, some devices have no standard desktop keyboard such as personal digital assistants and mobile phones. With these types of electronics, the system cannot successfully work in the authentication phase while the registration process is implemented based on a computer keyboard. This results in a reduction of system portability. The purpose of this paper is to employ the rhythm clicked by a mouse as another identifiable factor to authenticate a user's identity.Design/methodology/approachMouse click can be replaced by a stylus and fingers on touch screens or numeral buttons on mobile phones. A total of 25 users participated and the click data are based on time instances of pressing and releasing the mouse button, which are captured while the user clicks a rhythm. Three features are calculated using these click data, and a reasonable amount of results with neural networks and other classifiers shows the click characteristics are able to function as another identifiable factor.FindingsA reasonable amount of results with neural networks and other classifiers shows the click characteristics are able to function as another identifiable factor.Originality/valueThe paper presents a personalized rhythm click‐based authentication system.
Vulnerability analysis and the practical implications of a server‐challenge‐based one‐time password system
Authors: Yang Seung S. , Choi Hongsik 
Published: June 2010

PurposeOne‐time password systems provide great strengths over conventional password systems: protection against over‐the‐shoulder, eavesdropping, replay, etc. The Grid Data Security authentication system is a server‐challenge‐based system. It has advantages over other one‐time password systems since it does not require pre‐installed software nor special devices to carry on. However, there are some weaknesses. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the weaknesses of the one‐time password system and provide practical guidelines for using the one‐time password system.Design/methodology/approachThis paper statistically analyzes the weakness of the Grid Data Security authentication system and simulates attacks to the system to confirm the discovered weakness. The paper also suggests ways to reduce the discovered vulnerability using mathematical formula and offers practical guideline for using the system. It also identifies the system's strength on access authentication on mobile communication.FindingsThe Grid Data Security authentication system which is a server‐challenge‐based one‐time password system has a great weakness when an attacker gains its user‐interface screen and its GridCode. The discovered vulnerability can be improved by changing cardinality of the GridCode. This paper creates a formula that can help a system manager to decide the security level and its required cardinality of GridCode and length of password. It also identifies the system's strengths on mobile communication.Originality/valueThe paper provides a practical tool for security managers to identify requirements of cardinality of GridCode and password length for certain levels of security.
Security guideline tool for home users based on international standards
Authors: Horacio Ramirez Caceres Guillermo , Teshigawara Yoshimi 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThe level of security of home information systems can be described as their capacity to resist all the accidental or deliberate malicious activities based on the evaluation assurance levels (EAL) as defined in international standards. The purpose of this paper is to propose a security guideline tool for home users based on the implementation of a protection profile (PP) for home user systems.Design/methodology/approachThe application was developed in three basic steps. First, a PP for home user systems was created on the basis of the international standard ISO/IEC 15408. Then, the paper created a knowledge base including the PP information, as well as a security policy including other international standards, as mentioned above. Finally, the paper created a web application tool to be used as a security guideline for home users.FindingsThis tool is developed in order to support users to understand the threats which affect their environment and select the appropriate security policy. By using this tool, users can access information about international standards in accordance to their level of knowledge.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors created a tool based on EAL4. In the future, tools based on EAL1, EAL2, and EAL3 can be created easily on the basis of the present model.Originality/valueThis PP specifies the security requirements for home user information technology (IT) environments, and makes use of the Department of Defense information assurance guidelines and policies as a basis for establishing the requirements necessary for meeting the security objectives. This PP is constructed for use as a reference for home users to create safe home IT environments. Operating systems evaluated against this PP can operate at EAL4.
Assessing and improving authentication confidence management
Authors: Pearce Michael , Zeadally Sherali , Hunt Ray 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address some weaknesses in the handling of current multi‐factor authentication, suggests some criteria for overcoming these weaknesses and presents a simple proof of concept authentication system.Design/methodology/approachFirst, this paper evaluates some of the underlying practices and assumptions in multi‐factor authentication systems. Next, the paper assesses the implications of these when compared to a quantitative authentication risk management approach. Based upon these implications this paper next note the requirements for an improved system and detail some related research areas that meet these requirements. Finally, this paper discussed how a system that meets these requirements through the application of that research could provide benefits and outlined a simple points‐based authentication system.FindingsThe paper proposes that many of the weaknesses in authentication confidence management could be effectively mitigated through the deployment of a factor independent multi‐modal fusion quantitative authentication‐based system. This paper details a simple point‐based approach that does this and discuss how addressing the problems in handling authentication confidence could further optimise risk management in multi‐factor authentication systems.Practical implicationsThis paper's suggestions for optimising multi‐factor authentication have many implications within medium to high‐security commercial and government applications. Correct authentication risk handling enables decisions regarding risk and authentication to be made more accurately.Originality/valueThis implications of the issues discussed in this paper have relevance to anyone who deploys or uses any medium to high‐security authentication system. As the bottom end of the medium to high‐security range includes online banking, there are implications for a wide range of stakeholders.
Releasing open source at the Library of Congress
Authors: Johnston Leslie 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThe Library of Congress supports the use of open source software in its initiatives, from software development tools to technologies used in its web sites. From late 2008 through spring 2009, the Library of Congress for the first time released its own open source software. This article aims to provide an overview of the issues involved in developing, releasing, building a community around, and supporting open source software, based on the experiences of this project.Design/methodology/approachThree utilities and a Java Library – the Parallel Retriever, the Bag Validator, VerifyIt, and the BagIt Library – were released on SourceForge, the technology community's hub for open source software distribution and services, under the “Library of Congress Transfer Tools” project.FindingsThe tools support validation and transfer of data that conforms to the BagIt specification. The Library plans to release additional tools as part of a suite of solutions and software development resources as they are completed over time.Originality/valueThe article gives an overview of open source software use and development at the Library of Congress.
Kete and Koha: integration built on open standards
Authors: McGinnis Walter , Ransom Joann 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the benefits of using open standards to support the gathering of relevant data from a variety of sources from across an organization's software applications and also from completely external information providers.Design/methodology/approachThe article looks at the history of Koha and Kete projects and their interactions. It features particular concentration on Kete's development.FindingsA focus on supporting open standards and general interoperability not only makes it simple to integrate instances of the two software projects, but also creates larger possibilities for data sharing with a number of web sites and services.Originality/valueThe article examines how a piece of software can act as a productive part of a larger information ecosystem and will be of interest to those in the field.
Economy of post‐Communist capitalism under the financial crisis
Authors: Papava Vladimer 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to distinguish the economic foundations of post‐Communist capitalism and to examine the key economic problems of this type of society in the context of the modern financial crisis.Design/methodology/approachThis question is approached by studying the “necroeconomy” as a phenomenon of post‐Communist capitalism and the international experience of the dead firms, so‐called “zombie‐firms”, which do exist and “successfully” function in the most developed of economies as well with Japan being the most obvious example. Unlike developed economies, which are exposed to the threat of the zombie‐ing of the economy under the conditions of a financial crisis, this threat is even greater for the countries of post‐Communist capitalism owing also to their exposure to necroeconomy.FindingsIt is found that the financial crisis creates the favourable conditions for the zombie‐ing of a necroeconomy. If in Japan, for example, the zombie‐economy never touched the processing industries, then one of the qualities of the necroeconomy is to concentrate exactly upon this sector of the economy. The zombie‐ing of a necroeconomy inevitably amounts to the zombie‐ing of this already‐dead sector as well.Originality/valueThe value of the paper is to determine the carriers of the necroeconomic and zombie‐economic routines –Homo TransformaticusandZombie Economicus, respectively. The contemporary financial crisis creates the danger of the transformation ofHomo Transformaticusinto aZombie Economicus.
The 2007 crisis and countercyclical policy
Authors: O'Connell Joan 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to outline the global financial and economic crisis that began in 2007, together with the macroeconomic policy changes that were put in place as a result.Design/methodology/approachThe content is partly descriptive and partly analytical.FindingsThe paper sets out the history of the financial and economic crisis to date.Originality/valueThis is determined by the subject matter, and consists mainly in the manner in which the material is presented.
Credit rating agencies and global financial crisis
Authors: Papaikonomou Vassiliki L. 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThis paper attempts to identify the areas for further research related to regulating credit‐rating agencies (CRAs), in order to assess whether the prerequisite for a “complete change” is present so to achieve a genuine paradigm shift on the matter.Design/methodology/approachAn overview of the unregulated background of CRAs is presented followed by the European Union's and USA's regulatory initiatives together with a critical assessment of the former and an identification of the substantive areas for further thinking.FindingsThe adequacy of the recent CRAs regulation is questioned in the light of the need to take account of crucial elements such as scope, use of methodologies, due diligence and the regulatory reliance on ratings. A definition of competition is also warranted as well as a questioning of the “issuer pays” model and an assessment of the impact of ratings on systemic risk. An alternative regulatory response could take a more general view of regulating the credit‐rating activity as a whole and on a world wide scale.Originality/valueThis paper identifies areas for further research needed for an assessment of the most suitable regulation for the credit‐rating activity. Also, the paper focuses on the need to better understand the complicated nature, functioning and impact of CRAs in the financial system in order to map the different challenges for regulators, politicians, practitioners and academics.
A mathematical model for the joint determination of optimal process and sampling plan parameters
Authors: Darwish M.A. , Duffuaa S.O. 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to integrate the decisions regarding optimal process mean and the parameters of a sampling plan.Design/methodology/approachA model is developed to determine these parameters. The model maximizes producer expected profit, while protecting the consumer through a constraint on the probability of accepting lots with low incoming quality. The model is presented for two cases. The first one is for non‐destructive testing and the other for destructive testing. An example is presented to demonstrate that the utility of the model and sensitivity analysis on key parameters of the model has been conducted.FindingsThe findings indicated that the optimal parameters for the process and the sampling plan are significantly different from when determined separately. The sensitivity analysis showed that the process parameters are very sensitive to changes in the process variance, moderately sensitive to the limit on incoming quality, and insensitive to the consumer risk and inspection cost.Practical implicationsThe models developed offer an alternative approach for quality managers to address setting process targets, taking into consideration a sampling plan.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is in the integration of two elements of quality that are usually treated separately in the literature.
Goal orientations and the motivation to share knowledge
Authors: Swift Michele , Balkin David B. , Matusik Sharon F. 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a model that takes into account both personal and contextual factors in explaining individuals' motivation to share their knowledge.Design/methodology/approachDrawing from research on achievement motivation and social exchange, it is posited that goal orientations provide a framework for individuals' knowledge sharing by shaping how they cognitively value the costs and benefits associated with sharing their knowledge. It is argued each of the goal orientations is associated with preferences for sharing specific types of knowledge and is that a focus on different aspects of the knowledge provider‐recipient relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThe model provides a possible explanation for some of the inconsistencies in existing knowledge‐sharing research on the factors that motivate knowledge sharing as well as expanding understanding of the conditions that facilitate knowledge sharing.Practical implicationsFor organizations to encourage the desired knowledge sharing, they may need to maintain human resource management (HRM) practices that recognize the different motivations associated with each of the goal orientations.Originality/valueThe model developed integrates research on goal orientations and knowledge transfer to expand understanding of how individuals cognitively value the costs and benefits of sharing their knowledge.
Are full and partial knowledge sharing the same?
Authors: Ford Dianne P. , Staples Sandy 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThis paper to examine full knowledge sharing (KS) and partial KS in order to test the proposition that they are separate behaviors with different characteristics, risks, and motivations for the informer and subsequently different predictors.Design/methodology/approachEmployed knowledge workers completed two questionnaires over a two‐week period regarding their attitudes, situational factors, individual differences, and KS behaviors with their close colleagues in their workplace.FindingsResults support the proposition that they are different albeit related behaviors. Full KS is enabled by intentions for full KS. Partial KS is enabled by the uniqueness of the knowledge, interpersonal distrust of close colleagues, and inhibited by perceived value of knowledge. Management support, interpersonal trust and distrust enable intentions for both full and partial KS, then propensity to share further enables full KS, and psychological ownership further enables intentions for partial KS.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings from the study suggest that researchers should specify which sharing behavior they are examining (full or partial). Future research should also examine the outcomes of these two behaviors to see whether the assumed benefits of sharing knowledge apply to both of them.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study provide some insight for practitioners on what motivates full versus partial KS.Originality/valueThe study challenges the assumption that KS is a single behavior, and starts to parse out the complexities within the KS literature with respect to predictors of actual KS behaviors.
Effects of social tie content on knowledge transfer
Authors: Zhou Shihao , Siu Felix , Wang Minhong 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThe aim of this study is to explore the role of social tie content in the interpersonal knowledge transfer process and to test the effects of different social ties, i.e. distinguishing instrumental tie and expressive tie, on knowledge transfer, using cognition‐ and affect‐based trust as the mediators.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical model was tested through a survey carried out on 152 MBA students of a university in east China, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed for data analysis.FindingsThis research proved that both instrumental and expressive ties will facilitate trust and knowledge transfer. Cognition‐based trust is not essential when low‐tacit, general knowledge is transferred, and the effect of the expressive tie becomes negative when trust is controlled. When transferring general knowledge the instrumental tie is more efficient. However, contrary to the hypothesis, it is found that the effect of the expressive tie is not significantly larger than that of the instrumental tie during the tacit knowledge transfer process.Research limitations/implicationsBesides tacitness, future research may consider involving more dimensions of knowledge into the theoretical model. Longitudinal and cross‐national studies are also needed.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that managers can enhance knowledge transfer among co‐workers by enhancing their instrumental and expressive ties. However, overuse of the expressive tie is risky. The importance of trust construction in organizations is also underscored.Originality/valueThe study reminds scholars to pay attention to the role of tie content in knowledge transfer. The findings also help managers to know how to increase knowledge transfer through promoting intra‐organizational networking.
Knowledge risk management: a framework
Authors: Massingham Peter 
Published: June 2010

PurposeThere has been increased interest in application of knowledge management (KM) in managerial issues as a way of demonstrating the field's value. There has also been an increasing focus on risk management (RM) in response to growing organisational awareness of corporate and social responsibilities. This paper seeks to contribute to the emergence of a new field of research – referred to as knowledge risk management (KRM), which applies KM tools and techniques to the management of organisational risk.Design/methodology/approachThe approach takes the form of building on an empirical study of the Australian Department of Defence using case study methods.FindingsThe paper examines how conventional approaches to risk management based on decision tree methods are ineffective, and proposes and tests an alternative KRM model.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation is that the paper is based on a single case study.Originality/valueThe model provides managers with a way to differentiate amongst risks and prioritise for action. Its main value is to reduce the cognitive bias inherent in traditional decision methods for risk assessment. The KRM model improves the accuracy of risk assessment by reducing subjectivity caused by cognitive bias.