bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous puncture technique for treating persistent retropharyngeal lymph node infections in seven horses
Authors: De Clercq D. , van Loon G. , Nollet H. , Delesalle C. , Lefère L. , Deprez P. 
Published: October 2010

Between 1999 and 2001, seven horses with fever, dysphagia and a history of chronic upper respiratory tract infection lasting between three weeks and three months were examined. They had been treated unsuccessfully with a variety of antibiotics for three to four weeks. A deep abscess in a retropharyngeal lymph node was diagnosed in each case by clinical examination, endoscopy and echographic examination of the retropharyngeal region. The infected retropharyngeal lymph node of each horse was punctured with a spinal needle under ultrasound guidance. Pus was aspirated from four of the horses, and their abscesses were then rinsed with 0‐9 per cent saline solution, and antibiotics (sodium ceftiofur or penicillin) were injected. In the other three horses the pus was too viscous to be aspirated, and the enlarged lymph node was opened along the tract of the needle and rinsed with chlorhexidine. All the horses were treated with penicillin for two weeks and in six of them the clinical signs gradually disappeared. The other horse continued to show fever and the penicillin treatment was continued for another 10 days, after which the signs gradually disappeared over a period of two months.
Characterisation of Mycoplasma gallisepticum strains involved in respiratory disease in pheasants and peafowl
Authors: Benčina D. , Mrzel I. , Zorman Rojs O. , Bidovec A. , Dovč A. 
Published: October 2010

Two cases of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in different avian species in backyard gamebird operations in Slovenia were investigated. In the first case, M gallisepticum was associated with severe respiratory disease with almost 20 per cent mortality in pheasants, whereas the infection was less pathogenic for chickens and turkeys reared at the same site. The M gallisepticum isolates from pheasants had a unique pMGA gene sequence containing a repeat of 12 nucleotides, and they contained only small amounts of the cytadhesins MGC1 and MGC3 and no PvpA protein. However, they expressed some typical M gallisepticum proteins and several proteins which were immunogenic for pheasants, chickens and turkeys. A strain of M gallisepticum isolated from the sinus of a pheasant was highly pathogenic for chicken embryos. In the second case, the M gallisepticum strain that was associated with respiratory disease and mortality in peafowl also affected chickens. M gallisepticum strain ULB 992 was isolated from the infraorbital sinus of a dead peafowl. The ULB 992 strain synthesised a small amount of MGC3, a truncated form of MGC1 and lacked PvpA. However, it expressed several proteins which were immunogenic for the birds infected with M gallisepticum at both gamebird operations.
Efficacy of selamectin against biting lice on dogs and cats
Authors: Shanks D. J. , Gautier P. , McTier T. L. , Evans N. A. , Pengo G. , Rowan T. G. 
Published: October 2010

The efficacy of selamectin was evaluated against naturally acquired Trichodectes canis infestations on dogs and against Felicola subrostratus infestations on cats. Twenty dogs and 18 cats were randomly allocated to treatment with either a placebo or selamectin (6 mg/kg), administered topically once only on day 0. The treatment had no adverse effects in either the dogs or the cats. Efficacy was assessed by counting the live lice (adults and nymphs) on each animal by using a coat.parting technique on days ‐3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 for the dogs, and on days ‐1, 7,21, 35 and 42 for the cats. On day 43, the number of live lice on each dog was also assessed by using a whole.body combing technique. Selamectin was 100 per cent effective in killing biting lice on the dogs and cats throughout the period of assessment; the louse counts on the treated dogs and cats were significantly lower than the pretreatment counts (P=0.0001) and were also significantly lower than on the placebo.treated dogs (P≤0.05) and cats (P=0.0001). There was a marked reduction in the prevalence of clinical signs associated with ectoparasite infestation in the treated dogs and no clinical signs were observed in any of the treated cats.
Effects of atropine, scopolamine and xylazine on the placement of an orally administered magnet in cows
Authors: Braun U. , Gansohr B. , Flückiger M. 
Published: October 2010

This study was carried out to determine whether the administration of atropine, scopolamine or xylazine to cows before the administration of a magnet orally would help to position it in the reticulum. The transit time of the magnet through the oesophagus was also measured. Sixty Swiss Braunvieh cows were examined by radiography and ultrasonography to locate the reticulum. They were then divided into six groups of 10. Before the administration of the magnet, a control group received 4 ml saline solution subcutaneously, one group received 0.10 mg/kg of atropine subcutaneously, a second received 0.05 mg/kg of atropine intravenously, a third received 0.15 mg/kg of scopolamine intravenously, a fourth group received 0.02 mg/kg of xylazine intravenously, and the cows in the fifth group were positioned so that their forelimbs were 30 cm lower than their hindlimbs during the administration of the magnet. The passage of the magnet through the oesophagus was timed with a stopwatch and monitored with a compass. In the control group the magnet passed through in less than 60 seconds, but in four of the cows receiving either atropine or xylazine intravenously, or having their forelimbs positioned lower than their hindlimbs, it took longer than 60 seconds. In the cows receiving atropine subcutaneously or scopolamine intravenously, it took the same time as in the control group. All the cows were radiographed one‐and‐a‐half hours after the administration of the magnet to determine its location. In seven of the 10 cows in the control group, the magnet was located in the reticulum, but in the other three it was in the cranial dorsal blind sac of the rumen. In the other five groups the magnet was located in the reticulum of between four and seven of the 10 cows, but in the cranial dorsal sac of the rumen, the rumen or in other sites in the other cows.
Four‐year study of lameness in piglets at a research station
Authors: Zoric M. , Stern S. , Lundeheim N. , Wallgren P. 
Published: October 2010

Lameness in piglets up to nine weeks old was studied in a research station herd for four years; 9411 piglets were born alive, of which 9.8 per cent were treated for lameness. In litters born to gilts, 9.9 per cent of the piglets were treated for lameness, in litters born to sows of parity 3, 11.4 per cent of the piglets were treated, but in litters born to sows of parity 4 to 7 the proportion of piglets treated for lameness decreased to about 8 per cent. Around 75 per cent of all cases were observed in piglets less than three weeks old; the incidence risk of lameness decreased from 2.7 per cent during the first week of life to 0.3 per cent after weaning. The average weight of affected piglets was reduced by approximately 8 per cent at nine weeks of age. There was no overall association between lameness and sex or birth weight within sex. The mortality among lame gilts was higher at all ages than among healthy gilts, but among barrows a higher mortality was observed only during the late suckling period. Litters with 12 or more piglets had a higher incidence of lameness. Clinical signs of disease in the sow and whether the piglets were given an intramuscular injection of 200 mg of iron on their second, third or fourth day of life had no effect on the incidence of lameness.
Detection of canine distemper virus antigen in canine serum and its application to diagnosis
Authors: Soma T. , Ishii H. , Hara M. , Ohe K. , Hagimori I. , Ishikawa Y. , Taneno A. 
Published: October 2010

Canine distemper virus (CDV) antigen was detected in the serum of dogs by an ELISA and the results of this assay were compared with an anti‐CDV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody test. In paired sera from 26 naturally infected dogs, the antigen‐positive rate was 26.9 per cent at the first examination and 11.5 per cent at the second examination two to three weeks later. The antigen was detected in three of the 10 dogs which were negative for anti‐CDV IgM antibody at the first examination. It could also be detected in the serum of between eight and two of 40 specific pathogen‐free dogs vaccinated against CDV, for up to four weeks after they were vaccinated.
Ultrasonographic monitoring of 103 recipient mares of different reproductive status during the first 30 days after embryo transfers
Authors: Taveiros A. W. , Oliveira M. A. L. , Lima P. F. , Tenório Filho F. , Bartolomeu C. C. , Santos M. H. B. , Oliveira L. R. S. , Iunes‐Souza T. C. , Freitas J. C. C. 
Published: October 2010

Ten pluriparous mares were used as donors to supply embryos which were transferred into 103 recipients, 31 of which were nulliparous, 34 were pluriparous and lactating, and 38 were pluriparous and non‐lactating. The embryos were recovered eight days after ovulation and pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound six days after the transfer; the length of the embryos was measured ultrasonographically on days 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25 and 30 after the embryo transfer. One hundred and fifteen of 200 flushes provided embryos, 12 being degenerate and 103 being viable embryos. From the 103 embryo transfers carried out, 51 pregnancies were confirmed by ultrasound within 30 days; 16 of the 31 nulliparous recipients became pregnant, 16 of the 34 pluriparous lactating recipients and 19 of the 38 pluriparous non‐lactating recipients. There were no significant differences between the groups of mares in the mean (sd) rate of growth of their embryos between 12 and 30 days of gestation.
Serological study of a population of alpine chamois (Rupkapra rrupkapra ) affected by an outbreak of respiratory disease
Authors: Citterio C. V. , Luzzago C. , Sala M. , Sironi G. , Gatti P. , Gaffuri A. , Lanfranchi P. 
Published: October 2010

A serological survey of respiratory virus infections was carried out from 1998 to 2001 in Lecco province, Italy, as part of a health monitoring programme in a population of alpine chamois, many of which died of pneumonia in autumn and winter 2000 to 2001; 194 carcases of all age classes were found over a short period and in a small area. Eighteen of them, which were examined postmortem, consistently showed signs of severe fibrinous lobar pneumonia or catarrhal bronchopneumonia. Samples of serum from 145 chamois collected from hunted animals and carcases were tested by a virus neutralisation test against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRsv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus type 1 and parainfluenzavirus type 3. Positive results were detected only for BRSV. The area was divided into two subunits on the basis of the distribution of deaths; in the areas where fatalities were observed there was a significant increase of BRSV titres at the beginning of the outbreal. Furthermore, during the 2000 and 2001 hunting seasons antibody titres to BRSV were significantly higher in the areas where mortality occurred. The roe deer living in the same area were not affected by pneumonia and had a low prevalence of titres to BRSV which did not vary during the period of the study.
Use of mycobacterial peptides and recombinant proteins for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in skin test‐positive cattle
Authors: Buddle B. M. , McCarthy A. R. , Ryan T. J. , Pollock J. M. , Vordermeier H. M. , Hewinson R. G. , Andersen P. , de Lisle G. W. 
Published: October 2010

More accurate tests are required to test cattle which have reacted positively in the tuberculin skin test. For this purpose, a range of mycobacterial antigens, MPB59, MPB64, MPB70, MPB83, ESAT‐6 and CFP10, were used either as recombinant proteins or as synthetic peptides in the whole blood interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) test. Groups of uninfected cattle with typical ‘non‐specificity’ problems were targeted, in particular animals with skin tuberculosis, animals vaccinated against Johne's disease and animals that were positive in the standard purified protein derivative (PPD)‐based IFN‐γ test. The two study groups consisted of 74 Mycobacterium bovis ‐culture positive animals and 72 uninfected animals, all of which tested positive in the caudal fold tuberculin skin test eight to 28 days before the blood test. The use of combinations of ESAT‐6 and CFP10 antigens, either as recombinant proteins or peptides, detected similar percentages of M bovis ‐infected animals as the PPD‐based IFN‐γ test, but produced significantly fewer false positive reactions. The PPD‐based IFN‐γ test was very effective in differentiating animals vaccinated against Johne's disease that were skin‐test positive from those with bovine tuberculosis, and the use of PPD or specific mycobacterial antigens minimised the number of false positive reactions in animals with skin tuberculosis.
THE STRUCTURE OF THIN LIE ALGEBRAS WITH CHARACTERISTIC TWO
Authors: AVITABILE MARINA , JURMAN GIUSEPPE , MATTAREI SANDRO 
Published: October 2010

Thin Lie algebras are graded Lie algebras [Formula: see text] with dim Li≤ 2 for all i, and satisfying a more stringent but natural narrowness condition modeled on an analogous condition for pro-p-groups. The two-dimensional homogeneous components of L, which include L1, are named diamonds. Infinite-dimensional thin Lie algebras with various diamond patterns have been produced, over fields of positive characteristic, as loop algebras of suitable finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras, of classical or of Cartan type depending on the location of the second diamond. The goal of this paper is a description of the initial structure of a thin Lie algebra, up to the second diamond.Specifically, if Lkis the second diamond of L, then the quotient L/Lkis a graded Lie algebras of maximal class. In odd characteristic p, the quotient L/Lkis known to be metabelian, and hence uniquely determined up to isomorphism by its dimension k, which ranges in an explicitly known set of possible values: 3, 5, a power of p, or one less than twice a power of p. However, the quotient L/Lkneed not be metabelian in characteristic two. We describe here all the possibilities for L/Lkup to isomorphism. In particular, we prove that k + 1 equals a power of two.
Comparison of Estimators for Parameters of Gamma Distributions with Left-Truncated Samples
Authors: Johnson Roger W. , Kliche Donna V. , Smith Paul L. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractWhen fitting a raindrop size distribution using a gamma model from data collected by a disdrometer, some consideration needs to be given to the small drops that fail to be recorded (typical disdrometer minimum size thresholds being in the 0.3–0.5-mm range). To this end, a gamma estimation procedure using maximum likelihood estimation has recently been published. The current work adds another procedure that accounts for the left-truncation problem in the data; in particular, an L-moments procedure is developed. These two estimation procedures, along with a traditional method-of-moments procedure that also accounts for data truncation, are then compared via simulation of volume samples from known gamma drop size distributions. For the range of gamma distributions considered, the maximum likelihood and L-moments procedures—which perform comparably—are found to outperform the procedure of method-of-moments. As these three procedures do not yield simple estimates in closed form, salient details of the R statistical code used in the simulations are included.
The Role of the Indonesian Throughflow on ENSO Dynamics in a Coupled Climate Model
Authors: Santoso A. , Cai W. , England M. H. , Phipps S. J. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The effects of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) on ENSO dynamics are studied in a coupled climate model by comparing two simulations, one with an open ITF and the other with a closed ITF. Closing the ITF results in an El Niño–like climate state in the Pacific, which is characterized by weakened trade winds, a flatter equatorial thermocline, and weaker equatorial upwelling. A weakened South Equatorial Current allows the western Pacific warm pool to extend eastward, thereby reducing the zonal temperature gradient along the equator. The interdecadal component of the ENSO-like variability collapses, although the interannual variability is maintained. The core region of the ENSO SST anomalies becomes confined farther east. This results from Bjerknes feedback processes that are shifted eastward. This study conducts an analysis utilizing the Bjerknes coupled stability index as formulated by Jin et al. and finds that the relative importance of the thermocline feedback is enhanced in the closed ITF experiment. This indicates a more prominent ENSO thermocline mode, thus explaining the existence of more prevalent eastward-propagating anomalies. A weaker zonal advective feedback due to the reduced mean zonal temperature gradient contributes to the dominance of the thermocline mode. The strength of the thermocline feedback itself is maintained by enhanced coupling between the zonal wind stress and the east–west thermocline slope. However, an increased thermal damping by air–sea heat flux dominates the overall ENSO feedback process.
Tidal Effects on Intermediate Waters: A Case Study in the East/Japan Sea
Authors: Lee Ho Jin , Park Jae-Hun , Wimbush Mark , Jung Kyung Tae , Jang Chan Joo , Cho Yang-Ki , Seo Young-Kyo , Nam Jong Ho 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Although tides are believed to be the most important source for diapycnal mixing in the ocean, few studies have directly simulated open-ocean circulation including tides. Because the East/Japan Sea (EJS) has been considered to be a “miniature ocean,” tidal effects on the intermediate water of the EJS are investigated by using an eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model that can take account of M2 and K1 tides as well as oceanic flows. The simulated temperature and salinity in the intermediate layer are significantly improved by including tides. The improvement results from the combined effect of two internal tides. The M2 internal tide, propagating into the interior of the EJS, enhances vertical mixing and brings watermass characteristics closer to those observed. The K1 internal tide, trapped along the coast, induces southwestward flow along the Russian coast in the upper layer and thereby enhances the so-called Liman Current, which transports fresh waters with density conducive to the ventilation of intermediate waters in the EJS.
Parameterization of Riming Intensity and Its Impact on Ice Fall Speed Using ARM Data
Authors: Lin Yanluan , Donner Leo J. , Colle Brian A. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
Riming within mixed-phase clouds can have a large impact on the prediction of clouds and precipitation within weather and climate models. The increase of ice particle fall speed due to riming has not been considered in most general circulation models (GCMs), and many weather models only consider ice particles that are either unrimed or heavily rimed (not a continuum of riming amount). Using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program dataset at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site of the United States, a new parameterization for riming is derived, which includes a diagnosed rimed mass fraction and its impact on the ice particle fall speed. When evaluated against a vertical-pointing Doppler radar for stratiform mixed-phase clouds, the new parameterization produces better ice fall speeds than a conventional parameterization.
The new parameterization is tested in the recently developed Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric model (AM3) using prescribed sea surface temperature (SST) simulations. Compared with the standard (CTL) simulation, the new parameterization increases ice amount aloft by ∼20%–30% globally, which reduces the global mean outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) by ∼2.8 W m−2 and the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave absorption by ∼1.5 W m−2. Global mean precipitation is also slightly reduced, especially over the tropics. Overall, the new parameterization produces a comparable climatology with the CTL simulation and it improves the physical basis for using a fall velocity larger than a conventional parameterization in the current AM3.
A 2-week prognostic prediction model for terminal cancer patients in a palliative care unit at a Japanese general hospital
Authors: Ohde Sachiko , Hayashi Akitoshi , Takahasi Osamu , Yamakawa Sen , Nakamura Megumi , Osawa Ayako , Shapiro Mina L , Deshpande Gautam A , Tokuda Yasuharu , Omata Fumio , Ishida Yasushi , Soejima Kumiko , Hinohara Shigeaki , Fukui Tsuguya 
Published: October 2010

Objective: We aimed to develop a prognostic prediction model for 2-week survival among patients with terminal cancer in a palliative care unit (PCU). Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on terminal cancer patients in the PCU for 11 months at a general hospital in Tokyo, Japan. We collected data regarding demographics, treatment history, performance status, symptoms, and laboratory results. Patients who survived more than 2 weeks were labeled ‘long survivors’ and those who died within 2 weeks were grouped as ‘short survivors’. Stepwise logistic regression model was constructed for the model development and bootstrapping was used for the internal model validation. Results: In 158 subjects whose data were available for the analysis, 109 (69%) subjects were categorized as long survivors and 49 (31%) subjects as short survivors. A prognostic prediction model with a total score of 8 points was constructed as follows: 2 points each for anorexia, dyspnea, and edema; 1 point each for blood urea nitrogen >25 mg/dl and platelets <260,000/mm3. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of this model was 83.2% (95% CI: 75.3–91.0%). Bootstrapped validation beta coefficients of the predictors were similar to the original cohort beta coefficients. Conclusion: Our prognostic prediction model for estimating 14-day survival for patients with terminal cancer on the PCU ward included five clinical predictors that are readily available in the clinical setting and showed a relatively high accuracy. External validation is needed to confirm the model’s generalizability.