bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative regulation of osteoclast precursor differentiation by CD11b and β2 integrin-B-cell lymphoma 6 signaling
Authors: Park-Min Kyung-Hyun , Lee Eun Young , Moskowitz Neal K , Lim Elisha , Lee Sun-Kyeong , Lorenzo Joseph A , Huang Chuanxin , Melnick Ari M , Purdue P Edward , Goldring Steven R , Ivashkiv Lionel B 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Negative regulation of osteoclastogenesis is important for bone homeostasis and prevention of excessive bone resorption in inflammatory and other diseases. Mechanisms that directly suppress osteoclastogenesis are not well understood. In this study we investigated regulation of osteoclast differentiation by the β2 integrin CD11b/CD18 that is expressed on myeloid lineage osteoclast precursors. CD11b-deficient mice exhibited decreased bone mass that was associated with increased osteoclast numbers and decreased bone formation. Accordingly, CD11b and β2 integrin signaling suppressed osteoclast differentiation by preventing receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced induction of the master regulator of osteoclastogenesis nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and of downstream osteoclast-related NFATc1 target genes. CD11b suppressed induction of NFATc1 by the complementary mechanisms of downregulation of RANK expression and induction of recruitment of the transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) to the NFATC1 gene. These findings identify CD11b as a negative regulator of the earliest stages of osteoclast differentiation, and provide an inducible mechanism by which environmental cues suppress osteoclastogenesis by activating a transcriptional repressor that makes genes refractory to osteoclastogenic signaling. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Effects of in vivo applications of peripheral blood‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PB‐MSCs) and platlet‐rich plasma (PRP) on experimentally injured deep digital flexor tendons of sheep
Authors: Martinello Tiziana , Bronzini Ilaria , Perazzi Anna , Testoni Stefania , De Benedictis Gulia Maria , Negro Alessandro , Caporale Giovanni , Mascarello Francesco , Iacopetti Ilaria , Patruno Marco 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTendon injuries, degenerative tendinopathies, and overuse tendinitis are common in races horses. Novel therapies aim to restore tendon functionality by means of cell‐based therapy, growth factor delivery, and tissue engineering approaches. This study examined the use of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells derived from peripheral blood (PB‐MSCs), platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and a combination of both for ameliorating experimental lesions on deep digital flexor tendons (DDFT) of Bergamasca sheep. In particular, testing the combination of blood‐derived MSCs and PRP in an experimental animal model represents one of the few studies exploring a putative synergistic action of these treatments. Effectiveness of treatments was evaluated at 30 and 120 days comparing clinical, ultrasonographic, and histological features together with immunohistochemical expression of collagen types 1 and 3, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Significant differences were found between treated groups and their corresponding controls (placebo) regarding tendon morphology and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. However, our results indicate that the combined use of PRP and MSCs did not produce an additive or synergistic regenerative response and highlighted the predominant effect of MSCs on tendon healing, enhanced tissue remodeling and improved structural organization. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 306–314, 2013
Need‐to‐know Cultures: an Investigation into Intra‐organisational and Extra‐organisational Knowledge Sharing Cultures in Local Government in the UK
Authors: Deverell Anne Christine , Burnett Simon 
Published: August 2012

This paper presents the findings of research that aimed to compare cultures associated with intra‐organisation and extra‐organisational knowledge sharing and to investigate whether the concepts of need‐to‐know culture in each context are related. The research tested the following hypothesis: are organisations that are more open to releasing information to the public through freedom of information (FOI) also better at internal knowledge sharing?This research used the UK local government sector as a context by targeting self‐completion questionnaires to FOI practitioners in councils in England. The questionnaire asked FOI practitioners to assess attitudes to knowledge sharing and FOI requests within their organisation, providing attitudinal ratings and illustrative comments.The research found that respondents who thought that their organisation had a stronger knowledge sharing culture also rated the organisation more highly on aspects of FOI culture. This suggests that the different concepts of need‐to‐know culture are related and that it is likely that there are important cultural elements that support both FOI and knowledge sharing.Freedom of information is a subject with considerable implications for both public and private sector organisations internationally. The research is significant in directly investigating the connections between FOI and knowledge management and in comparing the cultural aspects of these practices in the public sector, a topic where there is little existing literature. The findings of this research will have implications for those trying to overcome need‐to‐know culture within an organisation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
National prevalence and impact of perioperative vagus nerve injury in vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Ward Bryan K. , Francis Howard W. , Best Simon R. , Starmer Heather M. , Akst Lee M. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Lower cranial nerve injury may be an under‐reported complication of vestibular schwannoma surgery. This study aims to characterize the prevalence of complications associated with vagus nerve injury following vestibular schwannoma surgery and the impact of these complications on patient care.Study Design:Retrospective cross‐sectional study.Methods:Discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 17,281 patients with vestibular schwannoma who underwent surgery in 2003–2008 were analyzed using cross‐tabulations and multivariate regression modeling.Results:Dysphagia was reported in 443 cases (2.6%) and unilateral vocal fold paralysis in 115 cases (0.7%). The mean length of hospitalization was 5.3 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9‐5.7) and was prolonged in patients with dysphagia (mean, 11.7 days; 95% CI, 8.9‐14.4) and in those with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (mean, 12.1 days; 95% CI, 7.3‐16.9). Compared to patients without dysphagia, a diagnosis of dysphagia was associated with advanced comorbidity status (37.0% vs. 18.8%), central nervous system complications (39.3% vs. 15.3%), aspiration pneumonia (7.1% vs. 0.4%), and greater likelihood of requiring medical care at another facility or at home after discharge (48.5% vs. 6.6%, P < .001). Tracheostomy (3.4% vs. 0.8%) and gastrostomy tube placement (20.9% vs. 0.5%) were significantly more likely in patients with dysphagia (P < .0001). After adjusting for other variables, dysphagia, aspiration pneumonia, and tracheostomy were significantly associated with increased length of hospitalization and hospital‐related costs.Conclusions:Although infrequently reported in this national inpatient sample, vagus nerve injury‐related symptoms are associated with significantly increased length of hospitalization and costs of care.
Low‐frequency ultrasound for biofilm disruption in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: In vitro pilot study
Authors: Karosi Tamás , Sziklai István , Csomor Péter 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Microbial biofilms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Although biofilms are characterized by an extremely high resistance against chemical and physical agents, low‐frequency ultrasound (LFU) treatment has been suspected to be an efficient and safe method for biofilm disruption.Study Design:Basic science experimental study.Methods:A total of 10 patients with CRSwNP undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were analyzed. Two series of identical nasal polyps (n = 20) were processed to hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) and Gram staining and to continuous‐wave LFU treatment (5 minutes, 0.4 MHz, 37°C), respectively.Results:Presence of microbial biofilms was confirmed in all patients with CRSwNP. HE staining showed a strong correlation with the results of Gram protocol in biofilm detection. In the LFU‐treated group (n = 10), a significantly decreased inflammatory cell count was found in the subepithelial layer of nasal polyps (P < .001). In addition, bacterial biofilms were completely removed from the surface of the epithelial layer. Microscopic tissue injuries or significant temperature changes were not detected due to LFU treatment.Conclusions:Between in vitro conditions, LFU treatment appeared to be a reliable and microscopically safe method for the disruption of microbial biofilms in CRSwNP. These results may provide a basis for a prospective human study investigating the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic modality alone or in combination with antibiotics or topical steroids in biofilm‐positive cases of CRSwNP. Laryngoscope, 2013
Poly(L‐lactide) Nanoparticles via Ring‐Opening Polymerization in Non‐aqueous Emulsion
Authors: Dorresteijn Robert , Haschick Robert , Klapper Markus , Müllen Klaus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe preparation of poly(L‐lactide) nanoparticles via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of L‐lactide is conducted in non‐aqueous emulsion. In this process, acetonitrile is dispersed in either cyclohexane or n‐hexane as the continuous phase and stabilized by a PI‐b‐PEO, respectively, a PI‐b‐PS copolymer as emulsifier. The air and moisture sensitive N‐heterocyclic carbene 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐2‐ididazolidinylidene (SIMes) catalyzes the polymerization of L‐lactide at ambient temperatures. Spherical poly(L‐lactide) nanoparticles with an average diameter of 70 nm and a tunable molecular weight are generated. Hence, the non‐aqueous emulsion technique demonstrates its good applicability toward the generation of well‐defined poly(L‐lactide) nanoparticles under very mild conditions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Reinforced Poly(ethylene glycol)/Chitosan Hydrogel as Wound Dressing Materials
Authors: Chen Szu‐Hsien , Tsao Ching‐Ting , Chang Chih‐Hao , Lai Yi‐Ting , Wu Ming‐Fung , Liu Zheng‐Wei , Chuang Ching‐Nan , Chou Hung‐Chia , Wang Chih‐Kuang , Hsieh Kuo‐Haung 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPEG is used to reinforce chitosan‐based hydrogels through the formation of ester and amide linkages. The reinforced PEG/chitosan (RPC) hydrogels exhibit significant enhancements in tensile modulus and elongation compared with neat chitosan. Other properties are thoroughly investigated and indicate that the physicochemical and in vitro degradation properties of the RPC hydrogels depend on the amount and molecular weight of the PEG. The RPC hydrogels can control evaporative water loss at a suitable rate to maintain a moist environment. In terms of in vitro biological properties, 3T3 fibroblasts show good viability with the RPC hydrogels, which indicates that the RPC hydrogels may be used as wound dressing materials. magnified image
Tunable Thermo‐Responsive Poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam) Cellulose Nanofibers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Fabrication
Authors: Webster Martial , Miao Jianjun , Lynch Brandon , Green Da'Sean , Jones‐Sawyer Reginald , Linhardt Robert J. , Mendenhall Juana 
Published: August 2012

AbstractTemperature‐responsive PVCL homopolymers and functional PVCL polymers containing carboxylic acids are prepared in organic and aqueous solutions. PVCL bulk polymers are characterized using 1H NMR, photometry, ATR‐FTIR, and thermal analysis. A finite phase transition at 37–40 °C occurs in aqueous solutions of PVCL and PVCL‐COOH. PVCL and PVCL‐COOH polymers are electrospun into fibers ranging from 100 to 2300 nm in diameter. PVCL/cellulose bi‐component films are obtained by electrospinning of CA and PVCL followed by alkaline hydrolysis. These tunable thermo‐responsive PVCL/cellulose nanofibers have potential applications in developing affinity membranes. magnified image
Effect of Maleic‐Anhydride Grafting on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Poly(L‐lactic acid)/Starch Blends
Authors: Hwang Sung Wook , Shim Jin Kie , Selke Susan , Soto‐Valdez Herlinda , Rubino Maria , Auras Rafael 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMA is grafted onto both PLLA and starch in an internal mixer in the presence of DCP in a one‐step reactive compatibilization process. The effect of maleation of MA on the physical and mechanical properties and morphology of the blends was assessed. The onset decomposition temperature of the PLLA/starch blends decreased as the starch content increases due to the lower thermal stability of starch and the low effect of the maleation reaction on the thermal stability of the blends. PLLA/starch blends without grafted MA showed higher crystallinity as the starch content increased. Reactive compatibilized blends with less than 20 wt% starch had higher storage modulus, indicating that the compatibility between the two phases was improved. magnified image
Epoxy/BaTiO3 Light‐Cured Composites as Organic Capacitors
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Lombardi Mariangela , Guerriero Andrea , Kortaberria Galder , Mondragon Inaki , Pirri Fabrizio , Montanaro Laura 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEpoxy/BaTiO3 hybrid materials are prepared as good candidates for organic capacitors. The hybrid system is cured by using camphorquinone and a iodonium salt through a free‐radical promoted cationic polymerization using a long‐wavelength tungsten halogen lamp. The cured films are fully characterized. Morphological characterization shows a well‐dispersed inorganic phase within the organic matrix. Electrical characterization demonstrates a linear increase of the dielectric constant with increasing filler content, while low dielectric loss values are obtained. magnified image
Poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) as Matrix Excipient for Drug Formulation by Hot Melt Extrusion and Injection Molding
Authors: Claeys Bart , Vervaeck Anouk , Vervaet Chris , Remon Jean Paul , Hoogenboom Richard , De Geest Bruno G. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHere we evaluate poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)s (PEtOx) as a matrix excipient for the production of oral solid dosage forms by hot melt extrusion (HME) followed by injection molding (IM). Using metoprolol tartrate as a good water‐soluble model drug we demonstrate that drug release can be delayed by HME/IM, with the release rate controlled by the molecular weight of the PEtOx. Using fenofibrate as a lipophilic model drug we demonstrate that relative to the pure drug the dissolution rate is strongly enhanced by formulation in HME/IM tablets. For both drug molecules we find that solid solutions, i.e. molecularly dissolved drug in a polymeric matrix, are obtained by HME/IM.
An Overview of Phenylcyclopropylamine Derivatives: Biochemical and Biological Significance and Recent Developments
Authors: Khan Mohammed Naseer Ahmed , Suzuki Takayoshi , Miyata Naoki 
Published: August 2012

Abstracttrans‐2‐Phencylcyclopropylamine (2‐PCPA), a potent, clinically used antidepressant, affects monoamine neurotransmitter levels by inhibiting the main metabolizing enzymes, monoamine oxidases (MAOs). However, the antidepressant action of this compound was not fully explained by its effects on MAOs due to its wide variety of biological effects. 2‐PCPA also affects depression‐associated pathophysiological pathways, and linked with increased levels of trace amines in brain, upregulation of GABAB receptors (where GABA is gamma amino butyric acid), modulation of phospholipid metabolism, and interference with various cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Consequently, despite its adverse effects and limited clinical applicability, 2‐PCPA has attracted interest as a structural scaffold for the development of mechanism‐based inhibitors of various enzymes, including lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which is a possible target for cancer chemotherapy. In the recent years, many reports have appeared in the literature based on 2‐PCPA scaffold and their potential medicinal implications. This review mainly focuses on the medicinal chemistry aspects including drug design, structure–activity relationships (SAR), biological and biochemical properties, and mechanism of actions of 2‐PCPA and its derivatives. Furthermore, we also highlight recent advance in this area and discuss their future applications for beneficial therapeutic effects.
Inverse problems for Sturm–Liouville operators with interior discontinuities and boundary conditions dependent on the spectral parameter
Authors: Wang Yu Ping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the inverse problem for Sturm–Liouville operators with arbitrary number of interior discontinuities and boundary conditions having fractional linear function of spectral parameter on the finite interval [0,1]. Using Weyl function techniques, we establish some uniqueness theorems for the Sturm–Liouville operator. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extended space–time finite elements for landslide dynamics
Authors: Pasenow F. , Zilian A. , Dinkler D. 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYThe paper introduces a methodology for numerical simulation of landslides experiencing considerable deformations and topological changes. Within an interface capturing approach, all interfaces are implicitly described by specifically defined level‐set functions allowing arbitrarily evolving complex topologies. The transient interface evolution is obtained by solving the level‐set equation driven by the physical velocity field for all three level‐set functions in a block Jacobi approach. The three boundary‐coupled fluid‐like continua involved are modeled as incompressible, governed by a generalized non‐Newtonian material law taking into account capillary pressure at moving fluid–fluid interfaces. The weighted residual formulation of the level‐set equations and the fluid equations is discretized with finite elements in space and time using velocity and pressure as unknown variables. Non‐smooth solution characteristics are represented by enriched approximations to fluid velocity (weak discontinuity) and fluid pressure (strong discontinuity). Special attention is given to the construction of enriched approximations for elements containing evolving triple junctions. Numerical examples of three‐fluid tank sloshing and air–water‐liquefied soil landslides demonstrate the potential and applicability of the method in geotechnical investigations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A micromechanical model of distributed damage due to void growth in general materials and under general deformation histories
Authors: Reina Celia , Li Bo , Weinberg Kerstin , Ortiz Michael 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYWe develop a multiscale model of ductile damage by void growth in general materials undergoing arbitrary deformations. The model is formulated in the spirit of multiscale finite element methods (FE 2), that is, the macroscopic behavior of the material is obtained by a simultaneous numerical evaluation of the response of a representative volume element. The representative microscopic model considered in this work consists of a space‐filling assemblage of hollow spheres. Accordingly, we refer to the present model as the packed hollow sphere (PHS) model. A Ritz–Galerkin method based on spherical harmonics, specialized quadrature rules, and exact boundary conditions is employed to discretize individual voids at the microscale. This discretization results in material frame indifference, and it exactly preserves all material symmetries. The effective macroscopic behavior is then obtained by recourse to Hill's averaging theorems. The deformation and stress fields of the hollow spheres are globally kinematically and statically admissible regardless of material constitution and deformation history, which leads to exact solutions over the entire representative volume under static conditions. Excellent convergence and scalability properties of the PHS model are demonstrated through convergence analyses and examples of application. We also illustrate the broad range of material behaviors that are captured by the PHS model, including elastic and plastic cavitation and the formation of a vertex in the yield stress of porous metals at low triaxiality. This vertex allows ductile damage to occur under shear‐dominated conditions, thus overcoming a well‐known deficiency of Gurson's model. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of organic–inorganic hybrid block copolymers containing a fully condensed ladder‐like polyphenylsilsesquioxane
Authors: Lee Albert Sung Soo , Choi Seung‐Sock , Lee He Seung , Jeon Hyeon Yeol , Baek Kyung‐Youl , Hwang Seung Sang 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA series of inorganic–organic hybrid block copolymers were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization using a fully condensed, ladder‐like structured polyphenylsilsesquioxane end‐functionalized macroinitiator. The inorganic portion, ladder‐like polyphenylsilsesquioxane, was synthesized in a one‐batch, base‐catalyzed system, whereas organic hard and soft monomers, styrene, and n‐butyl acrylate, were polymerized and copolymerized on the ends of the linear, inorganic backbone. Synthesized hybrid diblock, triblock, and random copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, 29Si NMR, gel permeation chromatography, static light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Hybrid block copolymers were well‐defined with low polydispersity (<1.4) and exhibited enhanced thermal properties in the form of increased glass transition and degradation onset temperatures over their organic analogues.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of enantiopure homo and copolymers by raft polymerization and investigation of their enantioselective lipase‐catalyzed esterification
Authors: Yeniad Bahar , Köklükaya N. Oruç , Naik Hemantkumar , Fijten M. W. Martin , Koning Cor E. , Heise Andreas 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHomo and copolymers were synthesized from enantionpure (R)‐ and (S)‐1‐(4‐vinylphenyl)ethanol by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. The polymerization conditions were optimized resulting in dioxane as the preferred reaction solvent. First‐order polymerization kinetics and well‐defined enantiopure homopolymers with low dispersities were obtained. In agreement with their enantiomeric composition, the (R) and (S)‐polymers gave opposite optical rotation of light. Polymer analogous esterification of the chiral hydroxy groups catalyzed by enantioselective Candida antarctica Lipase B was strongly (R)‐selective. Esterification on the homopolymer and copolymers could be achieved to a maximum of around 50 %. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013