bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of trial repetition, limb side, intraday and inter-week variation on vertical and craniocaudal ground reaction forces in clinically normal Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Nordquist B. , Fischer J. , Kim S. Y. , Stover S. M. , Garcia-Nolen T. , Hayashi K. , Liu J. , Kapatkin A. S. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryObjectives: To document the contributions of trial repetition, limb side, and intraday and inter-week measurements on variation in vertical and craniocaudal ground reaction force data.Methods: Following habituation, force and time data were collected for all four limbs of seven Labrador Retrievers during sets of five valid trot trials. Each set was performed twice daily (morning and afternoon), every seven days for three consecutive weeks. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effects of limb, trial, intraday, and inter-week factors on ground reaction force data for the thoracic and pelvic limbs.Results: Of the four factors evaluated, variation due to trial repetition had the largest magnitude of effect on ground reaction forces. Trial within a set of data had an effect on all craniocaudal, but not vertical, ground reaction force variables studied, for the thoracic limbs. The first of five trials was often different from later trials. Some thoracic limb and pelvic limb variables were different between weeks. A limb side difference was only apparent for pelvic limb vertical ground reaction force data. Only pelvic limb craniocaudal braking variables were different between sets within a day.Discussion and clinical significance: When controlling for speed, handler, gait, weight and dog breed, variation in ground reaction forces mainly arise from trial repetition and inter-week data collection. When using vertical peak force and impulse to evaluate treatment, trial repetition and inter-week data collection should have minimal effect of the data.
Influence of screw insertion order on compression generated by bone plates in a fracture model
Authors: Roe S. C. , Jermyn K. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryPresent recommendations regarding order of screw insertion for compression plate osteo-synthesis in veterinary training are variable. We hypothesized that placement of a neutrally positioned screw would reduce the magnitude of compression that could be generated by a subsequently placed compression screw. Canine tibial diaphyseal segments were fixed to a plate attached to a bone surrogate and load cell, and the compression generated by screw tightening was measured. Three different screw insertion order patterns were evaluated using both dynamic compression plate (DCP) and limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) implants. In group CN, the first screw was placed in compression mode and the second in neutral mode in group NC, the first screw was placed in neutral mode and the second in compression mode in group LNC, the first screw was placed partially tightened in neutral mode and the second in compression mode followed by complete tightening of the neutral screw. Screw insertion order significantly influenced the amount of compression generated with both groups CN and LNC demonstrating significantly greater compression generation when compared with group NC (p <0.0001). Compression generated by group CN constructs was also significantly greater than group LNC (p = 0.0013). Evaluation of group CN data to assess the influence of plate and drill guide combinations on compressive force generated did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference. To maximize compression using a load screw in a bone plate, following securement of the opposite bone fragment to the plate, it should be placed before a neutral screw is placed.
La phénoménologie comme dynamique de la manifestation
Authors: Barbaras Renaud 
Published: September 2011

L’analyse patočkienne de l’apparaître est commandée par trois exigences convergentes : la manifestation n’appartient pas à l’ordre du manifesté, elle n’est pas l’œuvre d’un sujet, elle enveloppe néanmoins la possibilité d’un apparaître subjectif. Cet article vise à montrer comment la prise en considération rigoureuse de ces coordonnées de l’apparaître conduit en droite ligne à une théorie dynamique de la manifestation, qui voit dans le mouvement, évidemment irréductible à un simple déplacement, ce qui constitue le sens d’être ultime du monde comme du sujet et permet ainsi de les articuler l’un à l’autre.
Expression of progesterone receptor membrane component-1 in bovine reproductive system during estrous cycle
Authors: Luciano A.M. , Corbani D. , Lodde V. , Tessaro I. , Franciosi F. , Peluso J.J. , Modina S. 
Published: September 2011

Several reports suggest the participation of progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in progesterone signaling in the reproductive system. This study aimed at investigating the presence and localization of PGRMC1 in bovine ovary, oviduct and uterus, during the follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. In the ovary, PGRMC1 has been detected in surface germinal epithelium, granulosa cells, theca cells and in the germinal vesicle of the oocytesat all stages of folliculogenesis. In the corpus luteum the expression of PGRMC1 was influenced by the stage of the estrous cycle. In the oviducts and in the uterus horns, PGRMC1 was immunolocalized in the luminal epithelium, in the muscle layer cells and in the endothelial cells. In the uterus, PGRMC1 was intensely localized also in the glandular endometrium. However, in the oviducts and in the uterus horns, the localization of PGRMC1 was independent on the stage of the estrous cycle and on whether evaluating the ipsilateral or the contralateral organ.	In conclusion, the present immunohistochemical study showed that PGRMC1 is located in various compartments of the bovine female reproductive organs. With the exception of the corpora lutea, PGRMC1 localization showed similar pattern during different stage of the estrous cycle.
Polymorphisms of the gamma crystallin A and B genes among Indian patients with pediatric cataract
Authors: Mehra S , Kapur S , Vasavada AR 
Published: September 2011

Background:
Previous familial studies have reported co-segregation of mutation in gamma crystallin A and B CRYGA and CRYGB genes with childhood cataract.

Aim:
We investigated association of nucleotide variations in these genes in subjects with and without pediatric cataract from India.

Settings and Design:
The study included 195 pediatric subjects including healthy children with no ocular defects and pediatric cataract cases.

Materials and Methods:
Subjects were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method for exonic and intronic genetic variations in CRYGA and CRYGB.

Statistical Analysis:
The association of these polymorphisms with cataract was estimated by two way contingency tables and the risk allele was also analyzed for their functional impact using in silico tools.

Results:
No significant difference was observed between cases and control subjects for the frequencies of SNPs G198A (Intron A), T196C (Exon 3) of CRYGA and G449T (Exon 2) of CRYGB gene. −47C allele of rs2289917 in CRYGB showed the strongest association with cataract (Odd Ratio-OR=3.34, 95% Confidence Interval-CI 95% =1.82-6.12, P=0.00007). In silico analyses revealed that this polymorphism lies in a phylogenetically conserved region and impacts binding of a transcription factor, viz. progesterone receptor (PR) to CRYGB promoter.

Conclusion:
rs2289917 risk allele showed a strong association with increased vulnerability for pediatric cataract. The findings suggest that this association may be a secondary phenomenon related to genetic variation playing critical role in lens development during perinatal and/or pediatric growth. Present exploratory study provides a basis for further defining the role of PR as a regulator of CRYG locus in lens formation/transparency.
Segmentation of Worked Examples: Effects on Cognitive Load and Learning
Authors: Spanjers Ingrid A. E. , van Gog Tamara , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. 
Published: September 2011

SummaryTwo ways to improve worked examples are investigated: presenting them in a segmented format (i.e., in pieces separated by blank lines) and instructing students to segment them actively (i.e., students must divide the examples in pieces). Segmented examples are expected to support learning because they show which information elements belong together. Learners might also be encouraged to think about which information elements belong together when they are instructed to actively segment, but on the negative side, this is an additional task that might impose extra cognitive load without facilitating learning. Results showed that students in the actively segmenting condition invested more effort in learning than students in the other conditions without performing better. Furthermore, studying segmented examples required less effort to achieve equal learning outcomes than studying nonsegmented ones. So, presenting learners with segmented examples improved the efficiency of the learning process, whereas instructing them to actively segment decreased this efficiency. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CuZrAlTi Bulk Metallic Glass with Enhanced Glass‐Forming Ability, Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Resistance and Biocompatibility
Authors: Chen Lian‐Yi , Xue Zheng , Xu Zheng‐Jian , Chen Jia‐Qi , He Rong‐Xin , Nie Xi‐Peng , Cao Qing‐Ping , Wang Xiao‐Dong , Ding Shao‐Qing , Jiang Jian‐Zhong 
Published: September 2011

AbstractThe effect of titanium addition on the glass forming ability (GFA), plasticity, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of CuZrAl alloy are evaluated by XRD, DSC, compression tests, corrosion, and cytotoxicity tests. The GFA of Cu45Zr48Al7 amorphous alloy is greatly improved by titanium addition, as evidenced by the increase of critical size from less than 8 mm for Cu45Zr48Al7 alloy to 10 mm for Cu45Zr46.5Al7Ti1.5 alloy when the samples are prepared by copper mold casting. Cu45Zr46.5Al7Ti1.5 alloy shows enhanced plastic strain up to 10%, good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility in comparison to Cu45Zr48Al7 alloy.
Tuning Elasticity of Open‐Cell Solid Foams and Bone Scaffolds via Randomized Vertex Connectivity
Authors: Nachtrab Susan , Kapfer Sebastian C. , Rietzel Dominik , Drummer Dietmar , Madadi Mahyar , Arns Christoph H. , Kraynik Andrew M. , Schröder‐Turk Gerd E. , Mecke Klaus 
Published: September 2011

AbstractTuning mechanical properties of and fluid flow through open‐cell solid structures is a challenge for material science, in particular for the design of porous structures used as artificial bone scaffolds in tissue engineering. We present a method to tune the effective elastic properties of custom‐designed open‐cell solid foams and bone scaffold geometries by almost an order of magnitude while approximately preserving the pore space geometry and hence fluid transport properties. This strong response is achieved by a change of topology and node coordination of a network‐like geometry underlying the scaffold design. Each node of a four‐coordinated network is disconnected with probability p into two two‐coordinated nodes, yielding network geometries that change continuously from foam‐ or network‐like cellular structures to entangled fiber bundles. We demonstrate that increasing p leads to a strong, approximately exponential decay of mechanical stiffness while leaving the pore space geometry largely unchanged. This result is obtained by both voxel‐based finite element methods and compression experiments on laser sintered models. The physical effects of randomizing network topology suggest a new design paradigm for solid foams, with adjustable mechanical properties.
Molecular Weight‐Induced Structural Transition of Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer Semiconductor for High‐Stability Organic Transistor
Authors: Kim Do Hwan , Lee Jiyoul , Park Jeong‐Il , Chung Jong Won , Lee Wi Hyoung , Giri Gaurav , Yoo Byungwook , Koo Bonwon , Kim Joo Young , Jin Yong Wan , Cho Kilwon , Lee Bang‐Lin , Lee Sangyoon 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn order to fabricate polymer field‐effect transistors (PFETs) with high electrical stability under bias‐stress, it is crucial to minimize the density of charge trapping sites caused by the disordered regions. Here we report PFETs with excellent electrical stability comparable to that of single‐crystalline organic semiconductors by specifically controlling the molecular weight (MW) of the donor‐acceptor type copolymer semiconductors, poly (didodecylquaterthiophene‐alt‐didodecylbithiazole). We found that MW‐induced thermally structural transition from liquid‐crystalline to semi‐crystalline phases strongly affects the device performance (charge‐carrier mobility and electrical bias‐stability) as well as the nanostructures such as the molecular ordering and the morphological feature. In particular, for the polymer with a MW of 22 kDa, the transfer curves varied little (ΔVth = 3∼4 V) during a period of prolonged bias stress (about 50 000 s) under ambient conditions. This enhancement of the electrical bias‐stability can be attributed to highly ordered liquid‐crystalline nanostructure of copolymer semiconductors on dielectric surface via the optimization of molecular weights.
Using a Functional Nanogold Membrane Coupled with Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry to Detect Lead Ions in Biofluids
Authors: Liu Yin‐Chun , Chiang Cheng‐Kang , Chang Huan‐Tsung , Lee Yen‐Fei , Huang Chih‐Ching 
Published: September 2011

AbstractIn this paper, a matrix‐free strategy based on the analysis of nitrocellulose membranes (NCMs) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is described, using pulsed‐laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI‐MS) for comprehensive quantification of lead ions (Pb) with a sub‐nanomolar sensitivity in complicated biofluids. The strong hydrophobic interactions between the NCM and bovine serum albumin (BSA) lead to trapping of BSA‐modified AuNPs (BSA‐AuNPs), resulting in the formation of a nanocomposite film of BSA‐AuNPs on the membrane (BSA‐AuNP/NCM). When the AuNPs interact with thiosulfate (S2O32−) ions in solution, Au+·S2O32− complexes form on the AuNP surfaces, facilitating the deposition of Pb atoms in the form of PbAu alloys in the presence of Pb2+ ions. The BSA‐AuNP/NCM nanocomposite is a useful LDI‐MS matrix because it allows: i) the soft and enhanced ionization of Pb−Au alloys from the AuNP surfaces; ii) accurate mass measurements (precision: 5 ppm) of Au, Pb, and Au–Pb ions; iii) the extraction of Pb2+ ions from very‐dilute aqueous solutions (1.0 × 10−9 M); and iv) analyses to be performed directly after the introduction of the substrate into the mass‐analysis LDI spectrometer (i.e., without the need for an elution process). In contrast to the noisy spectra typically obtained when using other AuNP‐assisted LDI approaches, our homogeneous BSA‐AuNP/NCM nanocomposite provides clean mass spectra with fewer and weaker signals from AuNP‐associated interfering species. As a result, the BSA‐AuNP/NCM substrates allow sensitive LDI‐MS detection of analytes with low mass‐to‐charge ratios. Under optimal conditions, this LDI‐MS approach provides high sensitivity, a wide dynamic detection range (1.0 × 10−9–5.0 × 10−6 M), and a high selectivity toward Pb2+ ions (with at least a 100‐fold concentration tolerance relative to other metal ions). The BSA‐AuNP/NCM nanocomposite also provides excellent shot‐to‐shot (<5%) and sample‐to‐sample (<5%) reproducibilities of ion production because of its homogeneous substrate surface, thereby enabling LDI‐based measurements to a consistent quantification of Pb2+ ions in real samples (e.g., urine, whole blood).
FLAGIDA‐lite is an effective regimen for patients between 70 and 80 years with acute myeloid leukemia or refractory anemia with excess blasts‐2 and is feasible as outpatient treatment
Authors: Bermúdez Arancha , Pérez‐Vázquez German , Insunza Andres , Baro Julio , Colorado Mercedes , Conde Eulogio , Díez‐Gallarreta Zuriñe , Gutiérrez Maria Luisa , López‐Duarte Monica , Olalla Ignacio , Sanroma Pedro , Yañez Lucrecia , Iriondo Arturo , Richard Carlos 
Published: September 2011

AbstractWe investigated a FLAGIDA‐lite protocol (fludarabine 40 mg/m2/d orally days 1–5, cytarabine 20 mg/m2/d subcutaneously days 1–5, G‐CSF 300 μg/d subcutaneously days 1–5, and idarrubicin 15 mg/m2/d orally days 1–3) in 38 consecutive patients older than 70 years of age with acute myeloid leukemia (32 patients) or refractory anemia with excess blasts‐2 (six patients) and no prior therapy. Seventy‐nine percent had intermediate/unfavorable karyotype and 79% had a high comorbidity. Overall response was 55% [complete response (CR) 47%] and 37% were refractory. CR rate was 52% in patients between 71 and 79 years of age and 38% in patients 80 years or older. The 4‐week induction mortality was 16% (8% in patients between 70 and 79 years of age and 32% in patients 80 years or older). Overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 22% (31.3% in patients between 70 and 79 years and 15.4% in patients 80 years or older). Relapse‐free survival (RFS) at 3 years was 15%. A total of 65 cycles (47 as induction and 18 as consolidation) were administered, 46 of them (70%) in an outpatient setting. In summary, this FLAGIDA‐lite protocol is an effective and well‐tolerated option for patients between the ages of 70 and 79 years with acute myeloid leukemia or refractory anemia with excess blasts‐2 and is usually feasible as outpatient treatment, but is not beneficial for most patients 80 years or older. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monosomal karyotype in acute myeloid leukemia predicts adverse treatment outcome and associates with high functional multidrug resistance activity
Authors: Ahn Hee Kyung , Jang Jun Ho , Kim Kihyun , Kim Hee‐Jin , Kim Sun‐Hee , Jung Chul Won , Kim Dong Hwan (Dennis) 
Published: September 2011

AbstractMonosomal karyotype (MK) reflects highly unfavorable prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to study the association of AML‐MK with multidrug resistance (MDR) functional activity. A total of 369 AML patients (excluding APL) between 1995 and 2008 at a single center were included retrospectively. Functional MDR activity was evaluated with rhodamine‐123 efflux activity with/without verapamil inhibition. MK was noted in 23 patients, only among whom classified into unfavorable cytogenetic risk group. Unfavorable cytogenetic subgroup with MK showed shorter OS (8.7 ± 5.9% vs. 23.5 ± 7.5% at 3 years, P = 0.030), EFS (8.7 ± 5.9% vs. 19.0 ± 6.9% at 3 years, P = 0.029), and a lower CR rate (34.8% vs. 65.7%, P = 0.031) compared with unfavorable subgroup without MK. Functional MDR activity was significantly higher in the unfavorable cytogenetic group with MK compared to all other cytogenetic risk groups taken as a whole (P = 0.026) and showed a trend toward statistical significance when compared with the unfavorable cytogenetic risk group without MK (P = 0.06). AML patients harboring MK showed a poor outcome in terms of lower CR rate and worse EFS/OS, and the presence of MK appeared to be associated with higher MDR functional activity of leukemic blasts. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ring‐opening of γ‐valerolactone with amino compounds
Authors: Chalid Mochamad , Heeres Hero J. , Broekhuis Antonius A. 
Published: September 2011

AbstractDiols obtained by the ring‐opening of biomass‐based γ‐valerolactone (GVL) are potentially valuable building blocks that can be used as precursors in the manufacture of green polymers and resins. We report here a study on the ring‐opening of GVL through adding amine compounds. The reactivity of the applied amine compounds in this ring‐opening was tested by varying the structure of the amine compounds. Both mono‐amines (ammonium, 2‐aminoethanol, 2‐phenylethylamine, and morpholine) and di‐amines (1,2‐diaminoethane, 1,2‐diaminopropane, and piperazine) were used. The study showed that steric hindrance at the reacting amine‐function plays a more prominent role than local point charge. To optimize the yield of the desired di‐functional monomers, the ring‐opening of GVL with 1,2‐diaminoethane (1,2‐DE) was studied in more detail. Reaction temperature (25–100°C), reaction time, and molar ratio of the reactants appeared to be the determining processing parameters. These were found to be more important than the use of catalysts (triphenylphosphine, Tin(II)‐2‐ethylhexanoate, Ytterbium(III)trifuoromethanesulfonate, AlCl3, and SnCl2) and solvent polarity (methanol, DMA, DMSO, and water). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Pharmacokinetic profile of SKP‐1041, a modified release formulation of zaleplon
Authors: Greenblatt David J. , Harmatz Jerold S. , Walsh James K. , Luthringer Rémy , Staner Luc , Otmani Sarah , Nedelec Jean‐François , Francart Céline , Parent Sarah J. , Staner Corinne 
Published: September 2011

ABSTRACTObjectivesTwo investigations aimed to define the pharmacokinetic profile of a modified‐release preparation of zaleplon (SKP‐1041).MethodsProtocol SOM001 was a 5‐way crossover, double‐blind, randomized trial comparing three novel modified‐release formulations of zaleplon 15 mg (SKP‐1041A, SKP‐1041B, SKP‐1041 C) to placebo and immediate‐release zaleplon 10 mg. Protocol SOM002 was a randomized, crossover, open‐label trial to compare the pharmacokinetics of SKP‐1041B after day and night administration. In SOM001, study drug was administered at 9:00 a.m. (fasted); blood samples were obtained beginning 1 h predose through 12 h postdose. In study SOM002, study drug was administered at 9:00 a.m. or 10:30 p.m.; blood samples were obtained beginning 1 h predose through 12 h postdose. Subjects were 19 (SOM001) and 23 (SOM002) healthy adults between ages 20–46.ResultsDose‐normalized total AUCs for modified‐release preparations A, B, C and immediate‐release zaleplon were not significantly different; peak plasma concentrations were similar for A and B, and both were significantly higher than C. Time to peak plasma concentration for A, B, and C were 4–5 h compared to 1.5 h for immediate‐release zaleplon; mean terminal phase half‐life was in the range 1–2 h for A, B and immediate‐release zaleplon. No significant differences were noted between day and night administration in the SOM002 study.ConclusionsZaleplon, 15 mg, in a novel, modified‐release formulation (SKP‐1041) had a time to peak plasma concentrations at 4–5 h postdose compared to 1.5 h for immediate‐release zaleplon, 10 mg. The pharmacokinetic profile suggests this formulation may be useful for treating middle‐of‐the‐night awakening. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.