bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic relaxation of a horizontal layer: Effect on TEM data
Authors: Kozhevnikov N.O. , Antonov E.Yu. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
We have modeled central-loop and coincident-loop transient responses of a magnetically viscous layer sandwiched between two nonmagnetic ones. The coincident-loop transients show exponential voltage decrease (at a fixed delay time), at any thickness h2 of the magnetic layer, with an increasing depth to the latter (h1) or the loop height if the layer is exposed on the ground surface. The patterns of central-loop transients are different from those of the coincident-loop ones and from one another for thin and thick magnetic layers. Namely, the voltage first rises to its maximum and then falls as the depth to the magnetic layer (h1) increases, if it is thin: the thinner the layer, the more prominent the peak. If the layer is thick, the voltage decreases monotonically with its depth (or with loop height above the ground). Voltage grows, first rapidly and then progressively more slowly, at ever greater thicknesses of the magnetic layer in both loop configurations. At large h2, the effect from the magnetic layer becomes similar to that from a magnetically viscous halfspace. These features of the transient responses have to be taken into account in planning and conducting TEM surveys, as well as in a geological interpretation of the TEM data affected by natural and/or man-caused magnetically viscous ground. In the general case, the turn-off of the transmitter current induces eddy current in the ground beneath the loop, which decays at a rate proportional to the ground resistivity. The eddy current decay and magnetic relaxation processes being independent at conductivities (resistivities) common to the real subsurface, the effect of the former can be allowed for using the superposition principle. This principle implies that the total response of a magnetically viscous conductor is a sum of the magnetic relaxation and eddy current components.
Geochemistry, petrogenesis and geodynamic origin of basalts from the Katun’ accretionary complex of Gorny Altai (southwestern Siberia)
Authors: Safonova I.Yu. , Buslov M.M. , Simonov V.A. , Izokh A.E. , Komiya T. , Kurganskaya E.V. , Ohno T. 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
The paper presents new data on geochemistry (major and trace elements, isotopes) and petrology (composition of phenocrysts and mineral thermometry) of basalts from the Early Cambrian Katun’ accretionary complex of the Kuznetsk–Altai island arc (Gorny Altai). We also discuss the geodynamic settings of the formation of basalts based on petrologic, geochemical and isotope data taking into account their relationships with associated sedimentary rocks of oceanic origin and with terrigenous sedimentary rocks of the accretionary complex. The Late Neoproterozoic basalts associated with siliceous sediments are characterized by medium TiO2 and Zr/Nb, flat REE patterns and Nb/Lapm &lt; 1 (MORB-type oceanic floor basalts). The oceanic floor basalts are represented by high- and low-magnesium varieties. The Early Cambrian basalts (Manzherok Formation) were formed in an oceanic island setting (OIB-type). They occur in sections consisting of paleo-oceanic island basalts alternated with siliceous-terrigenous-carbonate sediments of slope facies. The Manzherok basalts are characterized by high crystallization temperatures (1175 °C), and enriched incompatible elements (LREE, Ti, Nb), whose variations suggest a mantle plume source and variable degrees of partial melting in the spinel and garnet stability fields. The low to high-Mg Middle Cambrian basalts of the Ust’-Sema Formation occur as subparallel dikes and lava flows, which cut and overlap the accretionary complex. The basalts are characterized by low TiO2, Nb, LREE, high Zr/Nb and, compared to the OIB-type basalts, lower temperatures of crystallization, 1047 °C and 1138 °C for the low- and high-Mg varieties, respectively. Geochemically, the low-Mg basalts of the Ust’-Sema Formation are close to MORB, and the high-Mg basalts—to island-arc tholeiites. Such a combination of geochemical and geological data suggest that the low-Mg basalts of the Ust’-Sema Formation formed during ridge subduction, and the high-Mg basalts formed in a suprasubduction setting, at the crust-mantle boundary.
Single coronary artery giving rise to an intraseptal left coronary artery in a patient presenting with neurocardiogenic syncope
Authors: Johnson Jonathan N. , Bonnichsen Crystal R. , Julsrud Paul R. , Burkhart Harold M. , Hagler Donald J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundSyncope occurs frequently in adolescents, and is often benign. Potential worrisome syncopal events include those occurring with exertion, concurrent chest pain, dyspnoea or palpitations, and those with focal or diffuse neurologic changes.CaseA 16-year-old female was referred to our institution for a history of exercise-induced spells. She was diagnosed since the age of 2 years with neurocardiogenic syncope and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. She had been evaluated at multiple institutions, and was followed by pediatric neurology for a diagnosis of migraines. Owing to recurrent worsening symptoms and a syncopal episode requiring resuscitation, an echocardiogram was performed. The right coronary was normal, but the left coronary artery ostium could not be identified well. Doppler patterns were suspicious of an abnormal left coronary artery, and computed tomography angiography was performed. This revealed a single coronary artery arising from the right aortic sinus, with the left coronary artery arising from the proximal coronary trunk and coursing through the infundibular septum. This was surgically treated utilising a left internal mammary artery bypass graft to the left anterior descending coronary artery. A year later, she has not experienced any recurrence of syncope, and has returned to athletic activity.ConclusionThis case highlights the index of suspicion that must be present when evaluating any patient with syncope, both clinically and via echocardiography. A computed tomography angiogram is indicated for better evaluation of coronary artery anatomy when an anomalous coronary cannot be ruled out by echocardiography.
Bridging the Micro-to-Macro Gap: A New Application for Micro X-Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Davis Jeffrey M. , Newbury Dale E. , Fahey Albert , Ritchie Nicholas W.M. , Vicenzi Edward , Bentz Dale 
Published: May 2011

AbstractX-ray elemental mapping and X-ray spectrum imaging are powerful microanalytical tools. However, their scope is often limited spatially by the raster area of a scanning electron microscope or microprobe. Limited sampling size becomes a significant issue when large area (>10 cm2), heterogeneous materials such as concrete samples or others must be examined. In such specimens, macro-scale structures, inclusions, and concentration gradients are often of interest, yet microbeam methods are insufficient or at least inefficient for analyzing them. Such requirements largely exclude the samples of interest presented in this article from electron probe microanalysis. Micro X-ray fluorescence–X-ray spectrum imaging (μXRF-XSI) provides a solution to the problem of macro-scale X-ray imaging through an X-ray excitation source, which can be used to analyze a variety of large specimens without many of the limitations found in electron-excitation sources. Using a mid-sized beam coupled with an X-ray excitation source has a number of advantages, such as the ability to work at atmospheric pressure and lower limits of detection owing to the absence of electron-induced bremsstrahlung. μXRF-XSI also acts as a complement, where applicable, to electron microbeam X-ray output, highlighting areas of interest for follow-up microanalysis at a finer length scale.
Industrial property letting: Lessons from the GLC's policies and experience
Authors: Mason Andrew 
Published: May 2011

The GLC, and the Greater London Enterprise Board, has been developing innovatory policies for letting industrial properties. The aim has been to support priority industrial sectors and to require “good employer” practices by tenants Although the full value of this work has been cut short by the abolition of the GLC, the experience acquired raises important issues for other local authorities who wish to use their industrial property instrumentally to support other employment development policies.
The construction of political agency: South Asian women and political activism
Authors: Takhar Shaminder 
Published: May 2011

Abstract
This article draws on research conducted with South Asian women working in a variety of organizations ranging from those that provide specialist services to training and anti-racist work. It is argued that despite stereotyping, these women have shown agency through involvement in civic organizations which has been crucial in understanding issues that are specifically relevant to South Asian women, for example, forced marriage and honour killings. The article also engages with feminist debates around the construction of political agency and its role in influencing social change and transformation within the South Asian community. The empowerment of women is discussed with reference to its central role in enabling them to take control over their lives.
Great expectations: a systematic review of the literature on the role of family carers in severe mental illness, and their relationships and engagement with professionals
Authors: ROWE J. 
Published: May 2011

Accessible summary
A systematic review of the literature on family carers and severe mental illness.
Investigating expectations of the role of carer, and relationships and engagement with professionals.
Begins to recognize that carers are expected to fulfil some obligations and that they also have rights associated with their role.
Recommendations for future practice between mental health professionals and family carers that include more empathic communication, and a covenant between mental health services and people who rely on services.
AbstractAs community care has become embedded in the UK as in much of the western world more responsibility for psychosocial care has been placed on family carers. A systematic review of the literature about the role of family carers supporting a relative with severe mental illness and their relationships and engagement with professionals was carried out. The review aimed to find out what professionals expected of family carers and what family carers expected of themselves. Themes were identified: the distinct and personal nature of family caring, potentially effective family caring, barriers to effective caring and ways to overcome barriers. There were expectations that family carers were obligated to help support effective care, but that the rights to enable carers to fulfil these obligations were not consistently upheld. Barriers to upholding rights include: types of service provision, professional attitudes to communication and engagement with carers, and carer ability to cope. Recommendations for practice included: service provision aimed at including carers, more empathic communication by professionals, and a covenant between mental health services and people who depend on them. The idea of a covenant requires more discussion and research is needed into what is expected of family carers.
Fault array evolution in extensional basins: insights from statistical analysis of gravel deposits in the Cecina River (Tuscany, Italy)
Authors: CIAMPALINI ANDREA , CONSOLONI ILARIA , SARTI GIOVANNI 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTwo statistical analyses of gravel clasts from the Lower Pleistocene deposits in the Lower Cecina Valley (Tuscany, Italy) have been combined to unravel changes in the palaeo‐drainage system. Data from 16 outcrops were collected and 6400 clasts described. Facies analysis, micro‐palaeontology and macro‐palaeontology and petrographic characteristics of the gravel deposits have highlighted the presence of three allostratigraphic units. Clast lithology is the main discriminator among these units. Cluster and principal component analyses of the 6400 clasts have improved understanding of the stratigraphy of the Lower Pleistocene deposits and constrain the re‐routing of the lower palaeo‐Cecina River from a supposedly south‐east to north‐west direction to the present east to west direction. Short rivers feeding small fan deltas represented by the oldest allostratigraphic units were abandoned in the Lower Pleistocene, when the re‐routing of the Cecina River caused the capture of these streams. This evolution suggests a change in the tectonic regime of the area. The fan deltas developed on the hanging wall of normal faults sub‐parallel to the coast; a change to a transtensile tectonic regime caused the deviation of the main river channel toward the present coast and the formation of a pull‐apart basin, which is now exploited by the Cecina River. This study illustrates the value of lithological analyses of gravel deposits for understanding the tectonic evolution of an area.
Recruitment of a duplicated primary metabolism gene into the nicotine biosynthesis regulon in tobacco
Authors: Shoji Tsubasa , Hashimoto Takashi 
Published: May 2011

SummaryGene duplication is a powerful source of phenotypic diversity in plants, but the molecular mechanisms that generate new functions in duplicated genes are not fully documented. Here, we analyzed how duplicated genes encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPT), an enzyme involved in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and the pyridine moiety of nicotine, are regulated by the jasmonate‐responsive transcriptional factor ERF189 that functions critically for nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The tobacco genome contains duplicated QPT genes; QPT1 is expressed at a constitutive basal level, whereas QPT2 is regulated coordinately with other structural genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis, in terms of tissue specificity, jasmonate induction, and regulation by ERF189. The binding‐site specificity of ERF189 was defined as 5′‐(A/C)GC(A/C)(A/C)NCC‐3′ by using a characterized tobacco putrescine N‐methyltransferase promoter, and was then used to search for potential binding sites in the QPT promoters. Assays involving in vitro DNA binding, transient transactivation, and transgenic hairy roots revealed that the QPT2 promoter contains three functional ERF189‐binding sites, which individually confer incremental ERF189‐mediated activation to the promoter. The QPT1 promoter is not bound and regulated by ERF189. These results indicate that one copy of the duplicated QPT genes was recruited to a tobacco alkaloid regulon by evolving multiple target cis‐regulatory elements of ERF189 in its promoter, to cope with an increased metabolic demand for pyridine precursors during active alkaloid biosynthesis.
In vivo analysis of local wall stiffness at the shoot apical meristem in Arabidopsis using atomic force microscopy
Authors: Milani Pascale , Gholamirad Maryam , Traas Jan , Arnéodo Alain , Boudaoud Arezki , Argoul Françoise , Hamant Olivier 
Published: May 2011

SummaryWhereas the morphogenesis of developing organisms is relatively well understood at the molecular level, the contribution of the mechanical properties of the cells to shape changes remains largely unknown, mainly because of the lack of quantified biophysical parameters at cellular or subcellular resolution. Here we designed an atomic force microscopy approach to investigate the elastic modulus of the outer cell wall in living shoot apical meristems (SAMs). SAMs are highly organized structures that contain the plant stem cells, and generate all of the aerial organs of the plant. Building on modeling and experimental data, we designed a protocol that is able to measure very local properties, i.e. within 40–100 nm deep into the wall of living meristematic cells. We identified three levels of complexity at the meristem surface, with significant heterogeneity in stiffness at regional, cellular and even subcellular levels. Strikingly, we found that the outer cell wall was much stiffer at the tip of the meristem (5 ± 2 MPa on average), covering the stem cell pool, than on the flanks of the meristem (1.5 ± 0.7 MPa on average). Altogether, these results demonstrate the existence of a multiscale spatialization of the mechanical properties of the meristem surface, in addition to the previously established molecular and cytological zonation of the SAM, correlating with regional growth rate distribution.
Preemptive versus prophylactic protocol to prevent cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation: a meta‐analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang L.‐F. , Wang Y.‐T. , Tian J.‐H. , Yang K.‐H. , Wang J.‐Q. 
Published: May 2011

L.‐F. Zhang, Y.‐T. Wang, J.‐H. Tian, K.‐H. Yang, J.‐Q. Wang. Preemptive versus prophylactic protocol to prevent cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation: a meta‐analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Transpl Infect Dis 2011: 13: 622–632. All rights reserved
Objective. This review was conducted to assess the efficacy of preemptive versus prophylactic protocols for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease after renal transplantation.
Methods. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, SCI, the China Journal Full‐text Database, the Chinese Biomedical Database, the Chinese Scientific Journals Full‐text Database, and the CMA Digital Periodicals were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of preemptive versus prophylactic protocols for the prevention and treatment of CMV infections after renal transplantation (up to April 2010). Two reviewers independently extracted data using a designed extraction form. The quality of the included trials was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5.0 software was used for data analysis.
Results. Seven RCTs, involving 560 patients, were included. The results of the meta‐analysis were as follows: the prophylactic protocol was significantly more effective than the preemptive protocol in reducing CMV infections and the recurrence rates of CMV infection; both the preemptive protocol and the prophylactic protocol reduced the risk of CMV disease, with no significant differences; no significant differences were observed in the risks of mortality, acute rejection, graft loss, other infections, or neutropenia between preemptive therapy and prophylaxis.
Conclusion. Preemptive protocols are as effective as prophylaxis in reducing the risk of CMV disease in renal transplant recipients, whereas the prophylactic protocols could more effectively reduce the CMV recurrence rates. However, the trial data were very sparse, so further observations of the long‐term effects of the protocols are needed.
Cervical varix complicating marginal placenta previa: A unique coexistence
Authors: Şükür Yavuz Emre , Yalçın İbrahim , Kahraman Korhan , Söylemez Feride 
Published: May 2011

AbstractUterine cervical varix (CV) is a very rare condition during pregnancy and may cause moderate to severe hemorrhage. We present the third reported case of huge CV coexisting with placenta previa in the English literature. A 40‐year‐old chronic hypertensive patient with marginal placenta previa also had cervical varix causing hemorrhage. At the 38th gestational week emergent cesarean section was performed because of placental abruption. Placenta previa is a risk factor for CV and patients with placenta previa who have moderate bleeding should be examined for this coexistence. The choice of management is close follow‐up and cesarean section close to term.
Stercoral perforation of the colon during pregnancy
Authors: Matsushita Tomoko , Yumoto Yasuo , Fukushima Kotaro , Hojo Satoshi , Ohishi Yoshihiro , Inoue Shigetaka , Wake Norio 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA 39‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital for severe abdominal pain at 22 weeks and 2 days of gestation. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) suggested perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and emergency surgery was conducted. There was a fibrous adhesion between an enlarged uterus and the sigmoid colon. There was a 5.0‐cm perforation near the adhesion in the posterior wall of the sigmoid colon. We performed a partial resection of the sigmoid colon and Hartmann's procedure with copious intraperitoneal lavage. Five hours following the laparotomy, uterine contractions could not be controlled and the patient delivered vaginally. The neonate died almost immediately after delivery. We conclude that although stercoral bowel perforation is rare, poor prognosis after perforation emphasizes the need to carry out a CT scan for patients who present with undiagnosed severe abdominal pain and compatible medical history, even if the patient is pregnant.
Psychological Traits and Earnings Differentials among Men: A Study of Second‐generation Immigrants in Sweden*
Authors: Hanes Niklas , Norlin Erik 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of psychological traits on earnings differentials between second‐generation immigrants and individuals with native‐born parents. The study is based on a cohort of men born in 1973 and residing in Sweden in 1990. In this paper, we use an indicator of psychological ability measured in connection with the military enlistment test in Sweden. The results show that the measure of psychological traits is an important determinant of earnings at the age of 30. Using an Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition, we find that earnings differentials between second‐generation immigrants and individuals with native‐born parents are explained, to a large degree, by differences in endowments of psychological traits.
Increased Intraatrial Conduction Abnormality Assessed by P‐Wave Signal‐Averaged Electrocardiogram in Patients with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: FURUKAWA YOSHIO , YAMADA TAKAHISA , OKUYAMA YUJI , MORITA TAKASHI , TANAKA KOJI , IWASAKI YUSUKE , UEDA HIROMICHI , OKADA TAKESHI , KAWASAKI MASATO , KURAMOTO YUKI , FUKUNAMI MASATAKE 
Published: May 2011

Background:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is observed in patients with Brugada syndrome (BS), especially those showing coved‐type electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern. Using P‐wave signal‐averaged ECG (P‐SAE), we investigated whether increased intraatrial conduction abnormality contributed to AF generation in BS patients.
Methods:
Twenty BS patients and 20 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls were enrolled. At the P‐SAE recording, 12 of the 20 BS patients showed coved‐type (C‐BS) and eight showed saddleback‐type (S‐BS). The total duration (Ad) and root mean square voltage for the terminal 20 ms (LP20) of the filtered P wave were measured. P‐wave dispersion (P‐disp) was defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum, measured from 16 precordial recording sites.
Results:
BS patients had a significantly longer Ad (128.2 ± 7.6 vs 116.3 ± 8.2 ms, P < 0.0001), lower LP20 (2.6 ± 0.9 vs 3.4 ± 0.8 μV, P < 0.01), and greater P‐disp (15.5 ± 7.0 vs 7.4 ± 3.2 ms, P < 0.0001) than the controls. C‐BS patients had significantly longer Ad (131.0 ± 7.2 vs 124.1 ± 6.8 ms, P < 0.05) and lower LP20 (2.2 ± 0.6 vs 3.2 ± 1.0 μV, P < 0.05) than S‐BS patients. All C‐BS patients and only three S‐BS patients had atrial late potential (100% vs 38%, P < 0.01).
Conclusion:
Intraatrial conduction delay and its heterogeneity may exist in BS patients, especially those showing coved‐type ECG patterns. These atrial electrical abnormalities could be a substrate for atrial reentrant tachycardia such as AF. (PACE 2011; 34:1138–1146)