bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of DG's dynamic voltage support capability improving short‐term voltage stability on power system loads
Authors: Ueda Tomoyuki , Komami Shintaro 
Published: April 2010

AbstractHigh DG penetration will seriously degrade the short‐term voltage stability of the load in bulk power systems. Simulation results in previous studies by the authors have shown that the dynamic voltage support (DVS) capability of a DG improves stability, but experimental evaluation does not yet exist. This paper presents the effects of the DVS capability of a DG on an experimental circuit consisting of an induction motor, a resistance load, and a compensation capacitor behind a reactance. First, an experimental setup that causes voltage instability without DVS is set up. Second, an improvement in DG inverter control is made in order to achieve a low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) capability and DVS capability, and the DG's performance is confirmed by voltage sag tests. Finally, the tests on the experimental setup demonstrate that the DVS capability greatly improves the short‐term voltage stability of power system loads, and the experimental results agree well with the simulation results. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 28–36, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20914
Anti‐slip/slid re‐adhesion control based on disturbance observer considering bogie vibration
Authors: Shimizu Yosuke , Ohishi Kiyoshi , Sano Takashi , Yasukawa Shinobu 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn order to suppress slip/skid phenomena, we have already proposed an anti‐slip/skid re‐adhesion control system based on a disturbance observer, and have confirmed that this system drives the train with a high adhesion force utilization ratio. However, this system does not consider vibration in the actual bogie dynamics of electric commuter trains, even though tangential force estimation is affected by bogie vibration. Hence, the drive control system cannot determine the appropriate motor torque reference, and sometimes reduces the adhesion force utilization ratio. This paper proposes a new anti‐slip/skid re‐adhesion control system based on a disturbance observer considering the first resonant frequency of the bogie system.In order to confirm the performance of the proposed anti‐slip/skid re‐adhesion control system, the system was tested by numerical simulation. This paper presents the results of a numerical simulation using a 4M1C motor car model, which has a sensorless vector control system. The proposed disturbance observer is found to be effective in suppressing the vibration of the estimated tangential force. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed adhesion control method has excellent performance. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 37–46, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20974
Risk assessment for optimum low‐voltage distribution facilities constructed by using genetic algorithms
Authors: Iioka Daisuke , Narita Takanori , Yokomizu Yasunobu , Matsumura Toshiro , Hatakeyama Norio 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe influences of uncertainty of the load growth rate and interest rate on the total cost of low‐voltage distribution facilities was investigated. We assumed that the total cost was composed of the initial construction cost, the improvement cost, and the cost of power loss. We also assumed that the distribution facilities were operated for 30 years. Genetic algorithms were used to determine how to construct cost‐effective distribution facilities that did not compromise power quality. Two investment methods were compared: one in which the utility cut down the initial construction cost and improves the initial facilities along with the load growth, and one in which the utility bears the large initial cost without the improvement cost. It was found that the lower cost method depends on the load growth rate and the interest rate. It was also found that the influence of uncertainty in the load growth rate increases with an increase in the differential between the actual load growth rate and the expected one. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(2): 10–19, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20976
CD8α+ dendritic cells prime TCR‐peptide‐reactive regulatory CD4+FOXP3− T cells
Authors: Smith Trevor R. F. , Maricic Igor , Ria Francesco , Schneider Susan , Kumar Vipin 
Published: April 2010

AbstractCD4+ T cells with immune regulatory function can be either FOXP3+ or FOXP3−. We have previously shown that priming of naturally occurring TCR‐peptide‐reactive CD4+FOXP3− Treg specifically controls Vβ8.2+CD4+ T cells mediating EAE. However, the mechanism by which these Treg are primed to recognize their cognate antigenic determinant, which is derived from the TCRVβ8.2‐chain, is not known. In this study we show that APC derived from splenocytes of naïve mice are able to stimulate cloned CD4+ Treg in the absence of exogenous antigen, and their stimulation capacity is augmented during EAE. Among the APC populations, DC were the most efficient in stimulating the Treg. Stimulation of CD4+ Treg was dependent upon processing and presentation of TCR peptides from ingested Vβ8.2TCR+CD4+ T cells. Additionally, DC pulsed with TCR peptide or apoptotic Vβ8.2+ T cells were able to prime Treg in vivo and mediate protection from disease in a CD8‐dependent fashion. These data highlight a novel mechanism for the priming of CD4+ Treg by CD8α+ DC and suggest a pathway that can be exploited to prime antigen‐specific regulation of T‐cell‐mediated inflammatory disease.
CD5+ B cells from individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus express granzyme B
Authors: Hagn Magdalena , Ebel Verena , Sontheimer Kai , Schwesinger Elisabeth , Lunov Oleg , Beyer Thamara , Fabricius Dorit , Barth Thomas F. E. , Viardot Andreas , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Hepp Julia , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin , Simmet Thomas , Jahrsdörfer Bernd 
Published: April 2010

AbstractRecently, we reported that IL‐21 induces granzyme B (GzmB) and GzmB‐dependent apoptosis in malignant CD5+ B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Several autoimmune diseases (AD) are associated with enhanced frequencies of CD5+ B cells. Since AD are also associated with elevated IL‐21 and GzmB levels, we postulated a link between CD5+ B cells, IL‐21 and GzmB. Here, we demonstrate that IL‐21 and GzmB serum levels are highly correlated in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and that freshly isolated CD5+ SLE B cells constitutively express GzmB. IL‐21 directly induced GzmB expression and secretion by CD5+ B cells from several AD and from cord blood in vitro, and the simultaneous presence of BCR stimulation strongly enhanced this process. Furthermore, IL‐21 suppressed both viability and expansion of CD5+ B cells from SLE individuals. In summary, our study may explain the elevated levels of IL‐21 and GzmB in SLE and other AD. Moreover, our data suggest that IL‐21 may have disease‐modifying characteristics by inducing GzmB in CD5+ B cells and by suppressing their expansion. Our results provide the rationale for further evaluation of the therapeutic potential of IL‐21 in certain AD such as SLE.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 4/10
Authors: Lin Bo‐Shiou , Tsai Pei‐Yun , Hsieh Wan‐Yun , Tsao Hsiao‐Wei , Liu Meng‐Wei , Grenningloh Roland , Wang Li‐Fang , Ho I‐Cheng , Miaw Shi‐Chuen 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe cover image of this issue consists of confocal images of c‐Maf localization in HEK293 T cells, taken from Lin et al. (pp. 1174–1184). In this article, the authors examine regulation of c‐Maf function by SUMOylation. The authors show that c‐Maf colocalizes with SUMO (small ubiquitin‐like modifier) ligases; SUMOylation attenuates c‐Maf transcriptional activity, and subsequently, IL‐4 expression.
Monazite and Zircon Type LaVO4:Eu Nanocrystals – Synthesis, Luminescent Properties, and Spectroscopic Identification of the Eu3+ Sites
Authors: Jia Chun‐Jiang , Sun Ling‐Dong , Yan Zheng‐Guang , Pang Yu‐Cheng , Lü Shao‐Zhe , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: April 2010

AbstractPure monoclinic‐ (m) and tetragonal (t) LaVO4:Eu nanocrystals were prepared by a facile citric anion‐ and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)‐assisted hydrothermal method, respectively. The structure is characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. Besides structure characterization, site‐selective emission spectroscopy was used to investigate the relationship between the microstructure and luminescent characters of the m‐ and t‐LaVO4:Eu nanocrystals. The results show that for both the m‐ and t‐LaVO4:Eu nanocrystals, the Eu3+ ions occupy two types of sites, one that is the same as that of the corresponding bulk and the other that is specific to the surface states of the nanocrystals. These investigations not only provide important experimental evidence for rare earth luminescence studies, but also disclose the correlation between the microstructure and luminescence behavior, which could be used as a guide to the design and synthesis of novel luminescence materials. It is also shown that t‐LaVO4:Eu is a promising luminescence material with a high quantum yield and low cost.
Studies on the Formation of CdS Nanoparticles from Solutions of (NMe4)4[Cd10S4(SPh)16]
Authors: Bendova Maria , Puchberger Michael , Pabisch Silvia , Peterlik Herwig , Schubert Ulrich 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe stepwise cluster growth, and formation of CdS nanoparticles from solutions of (NMe4)4[Cd10S4(SPh)16] in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetonitrile was investigated. Cluster growth is fast in DMSO and DMF at room temperature, and slow in acetonitrile at elevated temperatures. Larger sulfide clusters (initially Cd32, then Cd54) are initially formed, which upon further growth eventually give rise to CdS nanoparticles. Strong evidence was found that the byproduct formed during the reaction in DMSO is mononuclear [Cd(SPh)x(DMSO)y](2–x) (x ≈ 3).
When Organocatalysis Meets Transition‐Metal Catalysis
Authors: Zhong Cheng , Shi Xiaodong 
Published: April 2010

AbstractIn the past several years, applications of transition metal complexes in tuning the reactivity of organocatalyst‐promoted transformations have attracted increasing attention in the synthetic community. Efforts in this direction have led to the discovery of unprecedented reactivities, which are not accessible through the use of either of these two catalytic systems separately. The concept continues to develop and offers huge potential. This microreview describes and summarizes recent progress in this field, focusing on discussion of the enhancement and diversification of reactivity patterns in organocatalysis through the deployment of transition metal complexes.
Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Type of Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates: 2‐(Purin‐9‐yl)ethoxyphenylphosphonic Acids
Authors: Hocková Dana , Dračínský Martin , Holý Antonín 
Published: April 2010

AbstractA series of novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with a built‐in arylphosphonate moiety has been prepared by a microwave‐assisted cross‐coupling reaction as the key step. Their cytostatic and antiviral activities were tested. The pKa values of the target ortho‐, meta‐ and para‐substituted arylphosphonates were determined by 31P NMR titration studies.
RSET/ASET, a flawed concept for fire safety assessment
Authors: Babrauskas Vytenis , Fleming Joseph M. , Don Russell B. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractFor the evaluation of occupant safety in the case of building fires, the Required Safe Egress Time/Available Safe Egress Time (RSET/ASET) concept has become widespread and is now commonly used in the fire safety engineering profession. It has also become commonly used by smoke detector (smoke alarm) manufacturers in assessing whether a particular detector technology is adequate. It is shown in this paper that the concept is intrinsically flawed and its use promotes the diminishment of fire safety available to building occupants. The concept innately ignores the wide variations in capabilities and physical condition of persons involved in fire. It is based on implicitly assuming that, after a brief period where they assess the situation and mobilize themselves, occupants will proceed to the best exit in a robotic manner. This assumption completely fails to recognize that there are very few fires, especially in residential occupancies, where occupants perished or were seriously injured who had endeavored to exit in this robotic manner. Instead, in the vast majority of fire death and serious injury cases, the occupants did not move in such a manner and their evacuation took longer than anticipated on the basis of robotic movement. There is a wide variety of reasons for this, and these are well known in the profession. The concept also ignores that there can be a wide variation in fire scenarios. The same building and the same fire protection features can be evaluated, but both RSET and ASET can change drastically, depending on the scenario used. The consequence of using the RSET/ASET concept for fire safety engineering or product design purposes is that fire deaths and injuries are permitted to occur, which are preventable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Threatened archaeological, historic, and cultural resources of the Georgia Coast: Identification, prioritization and management using GIS technology
Authors: Robinson Michael H. , Alexander Clark R. , Jackson Chester W. , McCabe Christopher P. , Crass David 
Published: April 2010

AbstractArchaeological sites in beach and estuarine environments are continually threatened by diverse natural marine processes. Shoreline erosion, bluff retreat, and sea level rise all present potential for site destruction. Using historic maps, aerial imagery, and field survey methods in a GIS, 21 potentially significant archaeological sites on Georgia barrier islands were selected for determination of site‐specific rates of shoreline change using a powerful, new, moving‐boundary GIS analysis tool. A prioritized list of sites, based on the order of site loss from erosion, was generated to assist coastal managers in identifying and documenting sites most at risk. From the original selection of 21 sites, 11 sites were eroding, 8 shorelines were stable, and 2 shorelines were accreting. The methodology outlined here produces critical information on archaeological site loss rates and provides a straightforward means of prioritizing sites for detailed documentation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fossil hunting in the Neolithic: Shells from the Taurus Mountains at Çatalhöyük, Turkey
Authors: Mayer Daniella E. Bar‐Yosef , Gümüş Burçin Aşkım , İslamoğlu Yeşim 
Published: April 2010

AbstractThe Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük in Turkey contains thousands of mollusk shells, among them about 200 fossils. About 25 fossil gastropods and bivalvesoriginate in a Miocene fauna from the Mediterranean Tethys province, and are known from several localities in the Taurus Mountains, dating to the Miocene. The rest are scaphopods belonging to two species of Dentalium and dating to the Pliocene. The gastropods and bivalves were likely collected in the Karaman‐Mut Basin at adistance of about 50km from Çatalhöyük, while the scaphopods were brought from the Hatay Basin. Most of the fossil mollusks at the site were discovered in the upper phases, that is, late in the Pre‐Pottery Neolithic B sequence, and are associated with feasting activities. They may have been collected and brought to the site by the inhabitants as part of transhumance activities, or by visitors. © 2010Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment in Southern Chinese older adults
Authors: Chan Ka Kin King , Chiu Ka Chun , Chu Leung Wing 
Published: April 2010

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited data on the effects of alcohol consumption on cognitive impairment in Chinese populations.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of cognitive impairment in Southern Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study of 314 Chinese older participants, aged 65 years or over. Participants' socio‐demographic, co‐morbid diseases, alcohol drinking habits, and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) for cognitive function were obtained by a face‐to‐face interview. Participants were categorized into normal cognitive and cognitively impaired groups by education‐adjusted MMSE cut‐off scores.ResultThe mean (SD) age of the participants was 79.9 (6.5) years. The average weekly alcohol consumption in the cognitively impaired group was significantly higher than that of the normal cognition group [mean (SD): 861.89 (673.03) versus 241.21 (276.26) grams per week respectively; p < 0.001, t‐test]. Drinkers with light to moderate alcohol consumption were associated with higher MMSE scores than non‐drinkers and heavy drinkers. Logistic regression analyses showed that heavy drinkers (>400 g alcohol for men and >280 g for women) were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (OR = 4.99, 95%CI = 1.8–13.82), while light drinkers and moderated drinkers (<400 g for men and <280 g for women) were associated with reduced risks (OR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.12–0.86; OR = 0.17, 95%CI = 0.06–0.51, respectively). Exercise and age were independent protective and risk factors respectively.ConclusionHeavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment while light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced risk among Southern Chinese older adults in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examining the association between late‐life leisure activity participation and global cognitive decline in community‐dwelling elderly Chinese in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Grace Tak Yu , Fung Ada Wai Tung , Tam Cindy Woon Chi , Lui Victor Wing Cheong , Chiu Helen Fung Kum , Chan Wai Man , Lam Linda Chiu Wa 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the association between late‐life leisure activity participation and global cognitive decline in community‐dwelling elderly Chinese in Hong Kong.MethodsFive hundred and five participants, not clinically demented at the baseline, were analysed in the follow‐up study of a population‐based community survey among Hong Kong Chinese aged 60 and over. Information regarding leisure activity participation, global cognitive function and important sociodemographic variables was collected. Late life leisure activity profiles were classified into intellectual, social, physical and recreational categories, and were measured by total hours per week, total frequency and total number of subtypes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between leisure activity participation at the baseline and the incidence of global cognitive decline at the 22‐month follow‐up. The incidence of global cognitive decline was defined as a one‐point drop in z‐score of the Cantonese version of the mini‐mental state examination (CMMSE).ResultsAt the follow‐up, a higher level of participation in intellectual activities was significantly associated with a lower incidence of global cognitive decline as measured by both the total hours per week (multivariate‐adjusted OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.99, p = 0.003)), and the total number of subtypes (multivariate‐adjusted OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.58–0.95, p = 0.018)).ConclusionsA higher level of late‐life intellectual activity participation was associated with less global cognitive decline among community‐dwelling elderly Chinese in Hong Kong. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Remission in major depression: results from a geriatric primary care population
Authors: Azar Armin R. , Chopra Mohit P. , Cho Lydia Y. , Coakley Eugenie , Rudolph James L. 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectivesWhile a recent task force report recommended that remission from major depression be defined according to DSM criteria, most previous work has used depressive symptom rating scales. The current study sought to identify baseline factors associated with treatment outcome in major depression, diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria.MethodsData from the Primary Care Research in Substance Abuse and Mental Health for the Elderly (PRISM‐E) study were utilized. This analysis focused on 792 geriatric primary care patients with major depression at baseline, which was randomized to services by a mental health professional in primary care or specialty settings. Major depression was diagnosed according to DSM‐IV criteria based on a structured interview at baseline and 6 months. The primary outcome was the absence of any DSM‐IV depressive disorder at six‐month follow‐up. Association with baseline demographic characteristics, comorbid anxiety disorder, ‘at risk’ drinking, number of co‐occurring medical conditions, and depressive symptom severity was examined using multiple logistic regression modeling.ResultsRemission occurred in 228 (29%) patients with completed follow‐up assessments, while 564 (71%) did not remit. Factors which increased the odds of non‐remission included comorbid anxiety (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.11–2.31), female sex (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.04–2.15), general medical comorbidity (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.24), and increased baseline depressive symptom severity (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.03–1.06).ConclusionsThe findings underscore the importance of using DSM criteria to define remission from major depression, and suggest that concurrent measurement of depression severity, comorbid anxiety, and medical comorbidity are important in identifying patients requiring targeted interventions to optimize remission from major depression. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of quality of life ratings from persons with dementia: the role of insight
Authors: Trigg Richard , Watts Simon , Jones Roy , Tod Anne 
Published: April 2010

AbstractObjectiveEvidence suggests that people with dementia are able to respond accurately and consistently to questions about quality of life (QoL), although large discrepancies exist between patient and proxy ratings. This may be due, in part, to the reduced insight of the person with dementia. The aim of this study was to explore the predictors of QoL ratings in a sample of people with mild dementia, with a particular focus on the role of insight.MethodsSixty‐nine participants and their caregivers were recruited from a memory clinic setting. The Bath Assessment of Subjective Quality of Life in Dementia (BASQID), Alzheimer's Disease‐Related Quality of Life Scale, Memory Functioning Scale, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Inventory and Mini Mental State Examination were administered.ResultsRegression analyses indicated that the strongest predictor of QoL ratings from persons with dementia was their awareness of memory function, such that lower awareness was associated with higher QoL ratings. Proxy ratings of activity performance and enjoyment of activity were also significant predictors of BASQID scores.ConclusionsAwareness of memory function impacts directly on patient QoL ratings and can also mask the effects of changes in other outcomes such as ADL function. Measures of awareness should therefore be employed alongside patient QoL ratings in order to ensure they are interpreted accurately. Discrepancies between patient and proxy QoL ratings do not necessarily occur because of patient unreliability, but may instead reflect the application of distinct modes of QoL assessment that emphasise very different outcomes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.