bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyzing employee change with transformative learning
Authors: Franz Nancy 
Published: March 2010

AbstractBusinesses, organizations, and government agencies have invested heavily in employee training. The American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) reports these costs as 2.15% of payroll (ASTD, 2008). A large amount of this investment is directed at improving employee knowledge and skills. Although most organizations are good at this, often a need exists to develop a deeper level of behavior change in employees. This type of change can be difficult to accomplish and sustain over time. Adult education theory, in particular transformative education theory, has enhanced the ability of organizations to bring about deeper change in employees through training and development. Therefore, human resource development (HRD) professionals need to become familiar with this theory and its implications for employee training and development.
Workplace climate and peer support as determinants of training transfer
Authors: Martin Harry J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractAlthough billions of dollars are spent annually on training and development, much about the transfer processes is not well understood. This study investigated the interaction of workplace climate and peer support on the transfer of learning in a corporate field setting. Supervisor ratings of performance on several skill dimensions were obtained before and after training. Trainees in a division with a more favorable climate and those with greater peer support showed greater improvement. In addition, peer support mitigated the effects of a negative climate. Trainees with peer support in a negative climate achieved the same degree of transfer as trainees in a positive climate. These results suggest that more proximal factors, like peer support, can overcome the effect of more distal factors, like climate, in promoting transfer. This study also advances understanding of the transfer process by assessing workplace environment with the use of measures other than trainee perceptions.
Evapotranspiration of a tropical rain forest in Xishuangbanna, southwest China
Authors: Li Zhiheng , Zhang Yiping , Wang Shusen , Yuan Guofu , Yang Yan , Cao Min 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe eddy covariance flux measurements from 2003 to 2006 at a tropical rain forest site in Xishuangbanna, southwest China, were used to study the ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET). During the four study years, the mean annual precipitation and air temperature were slightly lower than their long‐term averages (1322 vs 1487 mm and 20·1 vs 21·7 °C, respectively). Mean annual ET in the four study years was estimated at 1029 mm, accounted for 78% of the corresponding annual precipitation. Mean daily ecosystem ET was 2·6 mm day−1 during the dry season from November to April and was 3·1 mm day−1 during the rainy season from May to October. The ET diurnal variations in the cool‐dry season (from November to February), the hot‐dry season (March and April) and the rainy season had similar maximum values, although the soil water content, leaf area index (LAI) and climate conditions differed greatly. ET was mainly controlled by soil water availability in the hot‐dry season, by LAI in the early rainy season (May and June) and by atmospheric conditions in the mid‐to‐late rainy season (from July to October) and the cool‐dry season. The total ET was substantially higher than the corresponding precipitation in the dry season. The extra amount of water evapotranspirated in the dry season was mainly due to the depletion of soil water stored in the previous rainy season. Fog deposition during the dry season also played a role in providing water for ET. Our results indicated the importance of interannual interactions of water balance in the seasonal distribution of ecosystem ET at this site. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The t(X;6) in subungual exostosis results in transcriptional deregulation of the gene for insulin receptor substrate 4
Authors: Mertens Fredrik , Möller Emely , Mandahl Nils , Picci Piero , Perez‐Atayde Antonio R. , Samson Ignace , Sciot Raf , Debiec‐Rychter Maria 
Published: March 2010

AbstractSubungual exostosis is a benign bone‐ and cartilage‐forming tumor known to harbor a pathognomonic t(X;6)(q22;q13‐14). Using global gene expression analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR, we could show that this translocation results in increased expression of the IRS4 gene, presumably due to disruption and/or exchange of regulatory sequences with the translocation partner, the COL12A1 gene. A corresponding deregulation at the protein level could be demonstrated in primary cell cultures using a combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunostaining. As the t(X;6) usually is the sole cytogenetic aberration in subungual exostosis, the deregulated expression of IRS4 is likely to be pathogenetically essential. The exact role of IRS4 is still poorly investigated, but IRS proteins are known to act as mediators of signaling from receptors, such as the insulin and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptors, and thus have an important effect on cell growth and survival.
Increased risk of colorectal cancer among patients with biliary tract inflammation: A 5‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Lin Hsiu‐Li , Lin Hsiu‐Chen , Lin Ching‐Chun , Lin Herng‐Ching 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to investigate the risk of colorectal cancer among patients with biliary tract inflammation (BTI) compared to non‐BTI patients during a 5‐year follow‐up period. The study group comprised 1,613 patients with BTI, among which 32 cases (1.98%) developed colorectal cancer. The comparison group included 8,065 randomly selected subjects (5 for every patient with BTI), 74 of whom contracted colorectal cancer (0.92%). Stratified Cox proportional hazard regressions were calculated to estimate the adjusted hazard of colorectal cancer between the study group and comparison group. The adjusted hazard ratio for colorectal cancer for patients with BTI was 6.54 times (95% CI = 3.07–13.92) as high as for those without BTI within a 1‐year follow‐up period, 3.20 times (95% CI = 1.93–5.30) as high within a 3‐year follow‐up period, and 2.21 times (95% CI = 1.45–3.37) as high within a 5‐year follow‐up period. We also found that the adjusted hazard ratio for colorectal cancer for those with bile duct inflammation was 3.30 times (95% CI = 1.87–5.84) as high as for those without BTI within the 5‐year follow‐up period. However, no increased hazard of colorectal cancer was observed for patients with gallbladder inflammation. We concluded that patients with BTI had a significantly higher risk of colorectal cancer compared to patients without BTI.
Incidence trends and survival of penile squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands
Authors: Graafland Niels M. , Verhoeven Rob H.A. , Coebergh Jan‐Willem W. , Horenblas Simon 
Published: March 2010

AbstractWe examined trends in the incidence and mortality, and described the survival of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2006. On the basis of nationwide population‐based data, 3‐year moving average European age‐standardized incidence and 10‐year relative survival estimates were calculated. Penile squamous cell carcinomas were categorized according to stage grouping based on the TNM classification. In the 17‐year study period, 2000 primary penile cancers were diagnosed in the Netherlands of which 1883 (94%) were squamous cell carcinomas. Median age at diagnosis was 68 years. The majority of patients (57%) were diagnosed with localized tumors (Stage 0 or I). The percentage of missing disease characteristics increased with increasing age. The 3‐year moving average incidence rate of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma increased significantly from 1.4 per 100,000 person‐years in 1989 to 1.5 in 2006 with an estimated annual percentage of change of 1.3%. Ten‐year relative survival of patients according to the different stage groups was 93% for Stage 0, 89% for Stage I, 81% for Stage II, the 9‐year survival was 50% for patients with Stage III disease and a 2‐year survival of 21% for patients was found for Stage IV disease. Our study shows that the incidence rate of penile squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands has increased slightly, especially the incidence of carcinomas in situ. Patients with Stage III and IV tumors have poor survival.
Human adipose‐derived stem cells (hASCs) proliferate and differentiate in osteoblast‐like cells on trabecular titanium scaffolds
Authors: Gastaldi Giulia , Asti Annalia , Scaffino Manuela Federica , Visai Livia , Saino Enrica , Cometa Angela Maria , Benazzo Francesco 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe use of stem cells in regenerative medicine is an appealing area of research that has received a great deal of interest in recent years. The population called human adipose tissue‐derived stem cells (hASCs) share many of the characteristic of its counterpart of marrow including extensive proliferative potential and the ability to undergo multilineage differentiation along classical mesenchymal lineages: adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and myogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate with biochemical and morphological methods the adhesion and differentiation of hASCs grown on trabecular titanium scaffolds. The hASCs isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue after digestion with collagenase were seeded on monolayer and on trabecular titanium scaffolds and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 with osteogenic medium or control medium.The results showed that hASCs were able to adhere to titanium scaffolds, to proliferate, to acquire an osteoblastic‐like phenotype, and to produce a calcified extracellular matrix with protein, such as, decorin, fibronectin, osteocalcin, osteonectin, osteopontin, and type I collagen. These data suggest that this kind of scaffold/cells construct is effective to regenerate damaged tissue and to restore the function of bone tissue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010.
Microstructural, mechanical, and osteocompatibility properties of Mg2+/F−‐doped nanophase hydroxyapatite
Authors: Sun Zehra Pinar , Ercan Batur , Evis Zafer , Webster Thomas J. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractPure as well as Mg2+‐ and F−‐doped nanophase (i.e., grain sizes in the nanometer regime in at least one dimension) hydroxyapatite (HA) samples were synthesized by a precipitation method followed by sintering at 1100°C for 1 h to determine their microstructural, mechanical, and osteoblast (bone‐forming cell) adhesion properties pertinent for orthopedic applications. Different amounts of Mg2+ and F− ions (specifically from 0 to 7.5 mol %) were doped into the HA samples. X‐ray diffraction was used to identify the presence of crystalline phases, lattice parameters, and crystal volumes of the samples. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) was further used to chemically characterize HA, and thus FTIR patterns revealed the characteristic absorption bands of HA. Microhardness measurements were also performed to assess mechanical properties of the novel formulations. Results of this study showed an improvement in sample density for some of the samples, which was a consequence of the molar percentage variation of the dopants. Moreover, in most of the samples doped with Mg, β‐tricalcium phosphate was observed as a second phase to HA. In addition, 1% Mg‐ and 2.5% F‐doped HA had the highest microhardness values. Lastly, results demonstrated the highest osteoblast densities when the HA samples were doped with 2.5–7.5% Mg2+ and F−. Thus, the results of this study suggest that decreasing the grain size of HA into the nanometer regime and doping HA with Mg2+ and F− can potentially increase the efficacy of HA for orthopedic applications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2010
Newly deposited maternal hormones can be detected in the yolks of oviductal eggs in the green anole lizard
Authors: Cohen Rachel E. , Wade Juli 
Published: March 2010

AbstractStudies often examine egg yolks after oviposition with the goal of drawing conclusions about maternal allocation of gonadal steroid hormones and how it may affect offspring development. However, these hormones might originate from a few sources, including the ovary, blood plasma, or the embryo itself. The goal of this study was to investigate whether maternal steroids can enter oviductal eggs. In Experiment 1, gravid female green anole lizards were injected with 1 µCi 3H‐T. Plasma, ovarian follicles (separated into yolking and non‐yolking samples), and shelled oviductal eggs were collected at times ranging from 15 min to 24 hr after treatment. Main effects of tissue, time, and an interaction between them all existed on recovered 3H‐hormone corrected for tissue mass. Of particular interest, there was a decrease in plasma with coincident increase in eggs. In Experiment 2, females were injected with doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.45 µCi of 3H‐T per gram body weight. Across tissues, 3H‐hormone levels corrected for mass were greater with increasing doses. Values also differed among tissues and an interaction was detected. Within each dose, plasma and non‐yolking follicles generally had higher concentrations of 3H‐hormone than did yolking follicles and oviductal eggs. However, at and after 6 hr, eggs had higher total radioactivity levels than both yolking and non‐yolking follicles had (not corrected for mass). The results indicate that steroids can cross through relatively well‐formed shells before oviposition, suggesting a way in which maternal hormones might influence developmental factors after yolk deposition. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:352–358, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automated production of [18F]FDDNP using a TRACERlab MXFDG
Authors: Vercouillie Johnny , Prenant Christian , Maia Serge , Emond Patrick , Guillouet Stéphane , Deloye Jean Bernard , Barré Louisa , Guilloteau Denis 
Published: March 2010

Abstract[18F]FDDNP has been recently described as a potent tracer to image amyloid plaques in vivo by positron emission tomography. Such a tool will be advisable to diagnose patient with mild cognitive impairment, to follow the disease progression and to evaluate new therapies. To make this radiopharmacetical affordable for the clinicians, we developed an automated method for [18F]FDDNP radiosynthesis using a commercial [18F]FDG unit. Radiolabeling with fluorine‐18 was carried out by a [18F]fluoro‐detosylation reaction on the precursor 2‐(1‐{6‐[(2‐tosyloxyoethyl)(methyl)amino]‐2‐naphthyl}ethylidene)malononitrile. The reaction was performed in acetonitrile for 15 min at 90°C, and then the reaction mixture was injected into a semi‐preparative high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The desire [18F]FDDNP fraction was collected, and an SPE was performed. The [18F]FDDNP was formulated in a sodium chloride/ethanol solution followed by a sterile filtration. Stability of [18F]FDDNP was studied after 4 h and radiochemical purity of [18F]FDDNP remained >98%.The overall decay‐corrected radiochemical yield was 15±3% (n=8). Radiochemical purity was >98% and the specific activity was 164±25 GBq/µmol at EOS. Pharmaceutical controls, bioburden, sterility, bacterial endotoxin and residual solvent tests were performed. The results were in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia and demonstrated our ability to produce [18F]FDDNP with a pharmaceutical grade and a high reproducibility. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of in vitro prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine against chikungunya virus in vero cells
Authors: Khan Mohsin , Santhosh S.R. , Tiwari Mugdha , Lakshmana Rao P.V. , Parida Manmohan 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe resurgence of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the form of unprecedented and explosive epidemics in India and the Indian Ocean islands after a gap of 32 years is a major public health concern. Currently, there is no specific therapy available to treat CHIKV infection. In the present study, the in vitro prophylactic and therapeutic effects of chloroquine on CHIKV replication in Vero cells were investigated. Inhibitory effects were observed when chloroquine was administered pre‐infection, post‐infection, and concurrent with infection, suggesting that chloroquine has prophylactic and therapeutic potential. The inhibitory effects were confirmed by performing a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), real‐time reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR analysis of viral RNA levels, and cell viability assays. Chloroquine diminished CHIKV infection in a dose‐dependent manner, with an effective concentration range of 5–20 µM. Concurrent addition of drug with virus, or treatment of cells prior to infection drastically reduced virus infectivity and viral genome copy number by ≥99.99%. The maximum inhibitory effect of chloroquine was observed within 1–3 hr post‐infection (hpi), and treatment was ineffective once the virus successfully passed through the early stages of infection. The mechanism of inhibition of virus activity by chloroquine involved impaired endosomal‐mediated virus entry during early stages of virus replication, most likely through the prevention of endocytosis and/or endosomal acidification, based on a comparative evaluation using ammonium chloride, a known lysosomotropic agent. J. Med. Virol. 82: 817–824, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreasing trends in HTLV‐1/2 but stable HIV‐1 infection among replacement donors in Argentina
Authors: Berini Carolina A. , Gendler Silvina A. , Pascuccio Susana , Eirin Maria E. , McFarland Willi , Page Kimberly , Carnevali Luisa , Murphy Edward , Biglione Mirna M. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn Argentina, current procedures to ensure safety of the blood supply for transfusion include reviewing the records of blood donors with particular attention to the serologic detection of specific blood borne infections. Data of 28,483 blood donations received from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2008 in a public hospital in Buenos Aires were analyzed. Of the 28,483 blood donations, 7,442 (26.1%) were female donors, 14,582 (51.2%) were younger than 35 years old, and 23,746 (83.4%) were Argentine. Among all, only 285 (1.0%) were voluntary donations. The prevalence of HTLV‐1/2 was 0.1% (95% CI 0.063–0.15), being 0.07% for HTLV‐1 and 0.03% for HTLV‐2. The prevalence of HIV‐1 was 0.2% (95% CI 0.110–0.206). No HIV‐1/HTLV‐1/2 co‐infections were detected among volunteer donors. During this study period, data confirm that HTLV‐1/2 infection was not endemic in Buenos Aires, and that the prevalence of HTLV‐1/2 decreased throughout while HIV‐1 was stable. Due to the small number of voluntary donations, we could not conduct comparisons to infection rates in replacement donations. Although there have been several ongoing programs aimed at recruiting voluntary blood donations and changing from mostly replacement donations to an altruistic system of blood donations, Argentina is still far from reaching this objective. Additional efforts are needed in order to increase and assure the quality of blood supply in this country. J. Med. Virol. 82: 873–877, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Help seeking among victims of crime: A review of the empirical literature
Authors: McCart Michael R. , Smith Daniel W. , Sawyer Genelle K. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractThe authors review the literature on help‐seeking behavior among adult victims of crime. Specifically, they summarize prevalence rates for formal and informal help seeking and review predictors of and barriers to service use following victimization. Research suggests that only a small fraction of crime victims seek help from formal support networks; however, many seek support from informal sources. Several variables are associated with increased likelihood of formal help seeking, although the manner in which these variables affect reporting behavior is not clear. From this review, it is concluded that much remains to be learned regarding patterns of help seeking among victims of crime. Gaps in the literature and directions for future research are discussed.
High‐Density Glycosylation of Polymer Membrane Surfaces by Click Chemistry for Carbohydrate–Protein Recognition
Authors: Wang Cang , Wu Jian , Xu Zhi‐Kang 
Published: March 2010

AbstractTo biologically mimic the carbohydrate–protein interactions in artificial systems, one of the challenges is to construct a glycosylated surface with a high glycosyl density to yield a notable ‘glycoside cluster effect’. A novel strategy is presented for high density glycosylation of the surface of a microporous poly(propylene) membrane (MPPM) by click chemistry. It is promising that the surface glycosyl density can be well controlled over a wide range and the maximum value is over 10 µmol · cm−2. The recognition capability of these glycosylated MPPMs to lectins indicates the occurrence of the ‘glycoside cluster effect’ when the glycosyl density on the membrane surface exceeds 0.20 µmol · cm−2.magnified image
Corrosion characteristics of Q235 steel in simulated Yingtan soil solutions
Authors: Wu Y. H. , Liu T. M. , Luo S. X. , Sun C. 
Published: March 2010

AbstractIn some areas, the soil is getting more and more acidic due to acids deposition. It is imperative to investigate the soil corrosion performance of underground structures. As soil is very complex, the corrosion investigation and understanding of soil buried structures are quite difficult. In this study, the corrosion performance of Q235 steel in simulated Yingtan soil solutions with pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 was investigated by weight loss test and electrochemical test including potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, as well as corrosion process was discussed. All the tests indicated that the corrosion rate of Q235 steel in simulated soil solution was closely related to its pH value. The corrosion rate decreased with increasing pH from 3.0 to 7.0.
Induction of morphological changes in BEAS‐2B human bronchial epithelial cells following chronic sub‐cytotoxic and mildly cytotoxic hexavalent chromium exposures
Authors: Costa André N. , Moreno Virtudes , Prieto María J. , Urbano Ana M. , Alpoim M. Carmen 
Published: March 2010

AbstractCertain hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are well established occupational respiratory tract carcinogens. However, despite extensive studies, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying Cr(VI)‐induced lung cancer remain poorly understood. In fact, the models used were often suboptimal and yielded conflicting results that were heavily dependent upon the system and experimental conditions employed. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic subcytotoxic and mildly cytotoxic (0.1–2 µM) Cr(VI) exposures on cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells, the main targets of Cr(VI) carcinogenicity. Our studies with the nontumorigenic BEAS‐2B cell line suggest that relatively short exposures (h) to sublethal Cr(VI) doses (0.1–1 µM) may render these cells less sensitive to contact inhibition. We have also observed a reduced sensitivity to Cr(VI)‐induced apoptosis shortly after the beginning of exposure to a mildly cytotoxic Cr(VI) dose (2 µM). Further studies are needed to determine whether these two phenotypes are involved in the Cr(VI)‐induced carcinogenic process. Additionally, evidence gathered in this study strongly points to a Cr(VI) interference with cell adhesion to the substratum and with cell–cell interactions. Finally, by chronically exposing BEAS‐2B cells to mildly cytotoxic Cr(VI) doses (1 and 2 µM), we were able to induce changes in cell morphology and pattern of growth characteristic of an early phase of pre‐malignant progression. Mol. Carcinog. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.