bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming complexity – Research through Design und Backcasting als komplementäre Ansätze zur Antizipation von nachhaltigeren Zukünften
Authors: Gebker Maike , Olvermann Madita , Ohlhoff Maren , Buck Lennart , Engel Bernd , Frerichs Ludger , Glatzel Gerhard , Klabunde Felix , Reis Larissa , Schneider Anne-Kathrin , Schröder Boris , Zonon Samuel , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag in der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ stellt die interdisziplinäre Erarbeitung von Zukunftsszenarien und Transformationspfaden durch Visualisierungsmethoden dar – dem Research through Design Backcasting. Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen als komplexe Systemtransformationen sind für Unternehmen und Organisationen schwer greifbar. Die systemische Komplexität erschwert die Transformation hin zu einer nachhaltigeren Zukunft. Die Zukünfteforschung stellt eine Möglichkeit dar, Änderungen im System zu verstehen und Transformationspfade abzuleiten. In der methodenreichen Zukünfteforschung und insbesondere im Bereich des angewendeten Backcasting-Prozesses existieren diverse Leitfäden. Für interdisziplinäre Forschungskontexte wird der methodische Einsatz von (Zukunfts‑)Modellen zur Darstellung und Erlebbarmachung von Zukünften und Transformationspfaden noch wenig expliziert. Um diesem Mangel zu begegnen, dient dieser Beitrag zum einen der Einführung des Backcasting-Prozesses in Kombination mit dem Research through Design-Ansatz; zur Erstellung von Entwicklungspfaden zur Transformation in nachhaltigere Zukünfte und zum anderen der Darlegung eines konkreten Fallbeispiels zur Veranschaulichung. Der systematische Forschungsprozess zum Thema „Elektrifizierung der Landwirtschaft im Jahr 2045“ wird schrittweise – vom Projektstart bis zur Entwicklung eines Nachschlagewerkes, inklusive Zielbildern und Transformationspfaden – mit den angewendeten Methoden (u. a. Graphic Recording und Workshops) aufgezeigt und graphisch veranschaulicht. Die Kombination des visualisierungs- und objektgestützen Backcastings erwies sich als vielversprechende Methodik, um das Systemverständnis zu stärken, um die Diskursfähigkeit über nachhaltigere Zukünfte zu erleichtern und um einen kommunizierbaren Output über ein komplexes Zukunftsmodell in Form von Transformationspfaden zu generieren. Auf Basis dessen können Komplexität reduziert sowie Maßnahmen zur Erreichung von nachhaltigeren Zukünften extrahiert und evaluiert werden. Allerdings erfordert das Research through Design-Backcasting eine ständige Neubewertung der Transformation und einen stetigen Abgleich der entstehenden Zukunftsbilder im Forschungsteam. Somit werden eine enge Zusammenarbeit und damit ein zeitlich wie materiell ressourcenintensiver Einsatz erforderlich, der sich aber lohnt, wie wir in dieser Arbeit zeigen.
A two-group canonical variate analysis biplot for an optimal display of both means and cases
Authors: le Roux Niel , Gardner-Lubbe Sugnet 
Published: May 2024

AbstractCanonical variate analysis (CVA) entails a two-sided eigenvalue decomposition. When the number of groups, J, is less than the number of variables, p, at most $$J-1$$

J
-
1

eigenvalues are not exactly zero. A CVA biplot is the simultaneous display of the two entities: group means as points and variables as calibrated biplot axes. It follows that with two groups the group means can be exactly represented in a one-dimensional biplot but the individual samples are approximated. We define a criterion to measure the quality of representing the individual samples in a CVA biplot. Then, for the two-group case we propose an additional dimension for constructing an optimal two-dimensional CVA biplot. The proposed novel CVA biplot maintains the exact display of group means and biplot axes, but the individual sample points satisfy the optimality criterion in a unique simultaneous display of group means, calibrated biplot axes for the variables, and within group samples. Although our primary aim is to address two-group CVA, our proposal extends immediately to an optimal three-dimensional biplot when encountering the equally important case of comparing three groups in practice.
Access, acceptance and adherence to cancer prehabilitation: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Watts Tessa , Courtier Nicholas , Fry Sarah , Gale Nichola , Gillen Elizabeth , McCutchan Grace , Patil Manasi , Rees Tracy , Roche Dominic , Wheelwright Sally , Hopkinson Jane 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review is to better understand access to, acceptance of and adherence to cancer prehabilitation.

Methods
MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, ProQuest Medical Library, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and grey literature were systematically searched for quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies published in English between January 2017 and June 2023. Screening, data extraction and critical appraisal were conducted by two reviewers independently using Covidence™ systematic review software. Data were analysed and synthesised thematically to address the question ‘What do we know about access, acceptance and adherence to cancer prehabilitation, particularly among socially deprived and minority ethnic groups?’
The protocol is published on PROSPERO CRD42023403776

Results
Searches identified 11,715 records, and 56 studies of variable methodological quality were included: 32 quantitative, 15 qualitative and nine mixed-methods. Analysis identified facilitators and barriers at individual and structural levels, and with interpersonal connections important for prehabilitation access, acceptance and adherence. No study reported analysis of facilitators and barriers to prehabilitation specific to people from ethnic minority communities. One study described health literacy as a barrier to access for people from socioeconomically deprived communities.

Conclusions
There is limited empirical research of barriers and facilitators to inform improvement in equity of access to cancer prehabilitation.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
To enhance the inclusivity of cancer prehabilitation, adjustments may be needed to accommodate individual characteristics and attention given to structural factors, such as staff training. Interpersonal connections are proposed as a fundamental ingredient for successful prehabilitation.
High deoxynivalenol and ergot alkaloid levels in wheat grain: effects on growth performance, carcass traits, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters of feedlot cattle
Authors: Bierworth R. M. , Ribeiro G. O. , Terry S. A. , Malmuthuge N , Penner G. B. , McKinnon J. J. , Hucl P. , Randhawa H. , Beauchemin K. A. , Stanford K. , Schwartzkopf-Genswein K. , Yang W. Z. , Gruninger R. , Guan L. L. , Gibb D. , McAllister T. A. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the impacts of a mixture of deoxynivalenol (DON) and ergot alkaloids (EAs) on growth performance, rumen function, blood parameters, and carcass traits of feedlot cattle. Forty steers (450 ± 6.0 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments; control-low (CON-L), control-high (CON-H) which contained low or high wheat screenings that lacked mycotoxins at the same level as the mycotoxin-low (MYC-L; 5.0 mg/kg DON, 2.1 mg/kg EA), and mycotoxin-high (MYC-H: 10 mg/kg DON, 4.2 mg/kg EA) diets that included wheat screening with mycotoxins. Steers were housed in individual pens for a 112-day finishing trial. Intake was 24.8% lower (P < 0.001) for MYC steers compared to CON steers. As a result, average daily gains of MYC steers were 42.1% lower (P < 0.001) than CON steers. Gain to feed ratio was also lower (P < 0.001) for MYC steers compared to CON steers. Platelets, alanine aminotransferase, globulins, and blood urea nitrogen were lower (P ≤ 0.008), and lymphocytes, glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were elevated (P ≤ 0.002) in MYC steers compared to CON steers. Hot carcass weights and backfat thickness were reduced (P < 0.001) in MYC steers, resulting in leaner (P < 0.001) carcasses and higher (P < 0.007) meat yield compared to CON steers. Results suggest that a mixture of DON and EAs negatively impacted health, performance, and carcass traits of feedlot steers, with the majority of this response likely attributable to EAs. However, more research is needed to distinguish the relative contribution of each mycotoxin to the specific responses observed.
Tulane Virus Persistence and Microbial Stability in 3D Food Ink under Various Storage Conditions: A Pre- and Post-Printing Analysis
Authors: Hamilton Allyson N. , Gibson Kristen E. 
Published: May 2024

Abstract3D food printers facilitate novel customization of the physicochemical properties of food. This study aimed to investigate the impact of storage conditions on the inactivation of the human norovirus surrogate, Tulane virus (TuV), within 3D printed foods. TuV-inoculated protein cookie food ink (∽ 4 log PFU/g) was distributed into 18 3D food printer capsules (50 g each); half immediately underwent extrusion. Storage of the capsules and printed food products at 20 °C (0, 6, 12, and 24 h), 4 °C (0, 1, 3, and 5d), and − 18 °C (0, 1, 3, and 5d) was completed before analysis for TuV via plaque assays in addition to aerobic plate count, yeast and mold counts, and pH and water activity (aw) measurements. A significant 3-way interaction effect was observed between time, temperature, and storage method (capsule/print) (p = 0.006). Significant findings include: (1) A greater reduction in virions was observed in capsules after 24 h at 20 °C and (2) a substantial reduction in virions at 4 °C from day 0 to day 1 was observed, independent of storage method. Microbial indicators remained steady across temperatures, with storage temperature significantly impacting pH and aw. A significant two-way interaction effect (p = 0.006) was found between microorganism type (yeast/aerobic counts) and temperature. This research seeks to provide insights for the food industry and regulatory bodies in crafting guidelines for the safe storage and handling of 3D printed foods and inks.
MicroPredict: predicting species-level taxonomic abundance of whole-shotgun metagenomic data using only 16S amplicon sequencing data
Authors: Jang Chloe Soohyun , Kim Hakin , Kim Donghyun , Han Buhm 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background
The importance of the human microbiome in the analysis of various diseases is emerging. The two main methods used to profile the human microbiome are 16S rRNA gene sequencing (16S sequencing) and whole-genome shotgun sequencing (WGS). Owing to the full coverage of the genome in sequencing, WGS has multiple advantages over 16S sequencing, including higher taxonomic profiling resolution at the species-level and functional profiling analysis. However, 16S sequencing remains widely used because of its relatively low cost. Although WGS is the standard method for obtaining accurate species-level data, we found that 16S sequencing data contained rich information to predict high-resolution species-level abundances with reasonable accuracy.

Objective
In this study, we proposed MicroPredict, a method for accurately predicting WGS-comparable species-level abundance data using 16S taxonomic profile data.

Methods
We employed a mixed model using two key strategies: (1) modeling both sample- and species-specific information for predicting WGS abundances, and (2) accounting for the possible correlations among different species.

Results
We found that MicroPredict outperformed the other machine learning methods.

Conclusion
We expect that our approach will help researchers accurately approximate the species-level abundances of microbiome profiles in datasets for which only cost-effective 16S sequencing has been applied.
Orthogonal trajectories to isoptics of ovals
Authors: Skrzypiec Magdalena , Mozgawa Witold , Naiman Aharon , Pikuta Piotr 
Published: May 2024

AbstractFor a given plane curve, consider a one-parameter family of curves consisting of those points at which two support lines to the initial curve intersect at a constant angle. Such curves are well known in differential and convex geometry and called isoptics. In this paper, we describe parametrizations of orthogonal trajectories to isoptics of ovals. We show that such parametrizations can be obtained using solutions to a specific Cauchy problem constructed from the parametrizations of the oval and its isoptics. Moreover, we provide analytical and numerical examples of orthogonal trajectories to isoptics of some ovals.
Development of a Machine Learning (ML)-Based Computational Model to Estimate the Engineering Properties of Portland Cement Concrete (PCC)
Authors: Polo-Mendoza Rodrigo , Martinez-Arguelles Gilberto , Peñabaena-Niebles Rita , Duque Jose 
Published: May 2024

AbstractPortland cement concrete (PCC) is the construction material most used worldwide. Hence, its proper characterization is fundamental for the daily-basis engineering practice. Nonetheless, the experimental measurements of the PCC’s engineering properties (i.e., Poisson’s Ratio -v-, Elastic Modulus -E-, Compressive Strength -ComS-, and Tensile Strength -TenS-) consume considerable amounts of time and financial resources. Therefore, the development of high-precision indirect methods is fundamental. Accordingly, this research proposes a computational model based on deep neural networks (DNNs) to simultaneously predict the v, E, ComS, and TenS. For this purpose, the Long-Term Pavement Performance database was employed as the data source. In this regard, the mix design parameters of the PCC are adopted as input variables. The performance of the DNN model was evaluated with 1:1 lines, goodness-of-fit parameters, Shapley additive explanations assessments, and running time analysis. The results demonstrated that the proposed DNN model exhibited an exactitude higher than 99.8%, with forecasting errors close to zero (0). Consequently, the machine learning-based computational model designed in this investigation is a helpful tool for estimating the PCC’s engineering properties when laboratory tests are not attainable. Thus, the main novelty of this study is creating a robust model to determine the v, E, ComS, and TenS by solely considering the mix design parameters. Likewise, the central contribution to the state-of-the-art achieved by the present research effort is the public launch of the developed computational tool through an open-access GitHub repository, which can be utilized by engineers, designers, agencies, and other stakeholders.
The extended persistent homology transform of manifolds with boundary
Authors: Turner Katharine , Robins Vanessa , Morgan James 
Published: May 2024

AbstractA shortcoming of persistent homology is that when two domains have different numbers of components or holes the persistence diagrams of any filtration will have an infinite distance between them. We address this issue by revisiting the theory of extended persistence, initially developed by Cohen-Steiner, Edelsbrunner and Harer in 2009 to quantify the support of the essential homology classes for Morse functions on manifolds. We simplify the mathematical treatment of extended persistence by formulating it as a persistence module derived from a sequence of relative homology groups for pairs of spaces. Then, for n-manifolds with boundary embedded in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

, we use Morse theory to show that the extended persistent homology of a height function over M can be deduced from the extended persistent homology of the same height function restricted to $$\partial M$$

∂
M

. As an application, we describe the extended persistent homology transform (XPHT); a topological transform which takes as input a shape embedded in Euclidean space, and to each unit vector assigns the extended persistence module of the height function over that shape with respect to that direction. We define a distance between two shapes by integrating over the sphere the distance between the respective extended persistence modules. By using extended persistence we get finite distances between shapes even when they have different numbers of essential classes. We study the application of the XPHT to binary images; outlining an algorithm for efficient calculation of the XPHT exploiting relationships between the PHT of the boundary curves to the extended persistence of the foreground.
Biology, phylogenetic and evolutionary relations of Tradescantia mild mosaic virus isolates from Hungary
Authors: Ágoston János , Almási Asztéria , Pinczés Dóra , Sáray Réka , Salánki Katalin , Palkovics László 
Published: May 2024

AbstractIn Western Transdanubia in 2018 and in Central-Hungary in 2022 spiderwort plants showed flower breaking symptoms and mild mosaic on the foliage, which indicated a potential virus infection. One gram of symptomatic leaf sample was collected at both locations. Potyvirus-specific ELISA tests demonstrated potyvirus infection. To identify the virus species, potyvirus-specific RT-PCR was carried out on the samples. In both samples specific PCR products were detected and cloned into pGEM®-T Easy vector. The nucleotide sequences of the inserts were determined by Sanger sequencing. BLASTn searches on the complete coat protein region of both isolates demonstrated more than 99.87% identity with Tradescantia mild mosaic virus (TraMMV; accession number OL584375). Koch postulates were fulfilled by sap inoculating seed grown spiderwort plants. Phylogenetic analyses of the TraMMV coat protein sequences revealed two distinct evolutionary lineages: a tropical subgroup with at least 97.84% identity within the group and temperate subgroup with at least 98.97% identity within the group. One major difference between the subgroups was in the triplet responsible for vector transmission. The isolates belonging to the tropical subgroup had DAG triplets, while the temperate subgroup had NAG triplets. The difference in the triplets could be caused by natural diversification, directional selection or disruptive selection.License: CC BY-NC-ND
Expert Elicitation for the Resilient Design and Optimisation of Ultra-long Ore Passes for Deep Mass Mining
Authors: Salmi Ebrahim F. , Phan Tan , Sellers Ewan J. , Stacey Thomas R. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtension of ore pass length has become increasingly critical for optimising energy-efficient underground mining operations. Long and ultra-long ore passes, spanning from 300 to 700 m, can significantly improve the functionality and viability of underground mass mining operations though suboptimal performance has an extremely adverse impact on production. The public domain lacks substantial information regarding the primary engineering, geological, and geotechnical risks and challenges associated with the design, implementation, operation, and maintenance of such long ore passes. Therefore, the aggregation of past experiences and the insights of experts assume paramount significance. An innovative methodology is introduced to address this evident data deficiency and to establish comprehensive guidelines for the resilient design of such lengthy ore passes — combining gap analysis with expert elicitation techniques. This equips design engineers with the necessary tools to formulate and adapt strategies for assessing the numerous challenges and uncertainties that invariably accompany their projects. Expert elicitation techniques are summarised, and a gap analysis is conducted with subject matter experts, from various countries, collating their extensive ore pass design experience, to create a comprehensive list of effective parameters and key risks that must be considered. Quantitative analysis of the survey results enabled the identification and ranking of the numerous factors affecting the design, operation, and maintenance of long and ultra-long ore passes and highlights the complex technical challenges (substantial damage from rock particle impact, increased dynamic mining stresses leading to failure, air-blasts and back blasts, dust, preferential flow, turbulent and dynamic material flow) that are uncommon in shorter ore passes. Additionally, increasing length heightens the probability of intersecting weak rock or discontinuities, leading to a higher risk of structural failure and instabilities. Faulting, folding, and large-scale structures are also critical geological factors to be considered in the design of such structures. The key geotechnical factor is also the rock type surrounding the pass. Experts highlighted the lack of clear guidelines for decision-making, resilient design, and construction so this work suggests future investigations to determine the complex interaction between the effective parameters, using approaches like the rock engineering system, discovery of cascading hazards, and optimal controls.
Mobility and the Social Differentiation of Rural Youth in Australia
Authors: Maire Quentin , Cuervo Hernán 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGeographical mobility has become an integral element of the biographical trajectories of young people from rural areas. In this paper, we contend that theories of rural-urban inequality tend to unduly homogenise rural social groups and are insufficient to understand rural youth out-migration as a selective rather than universal practice. We draw on a statistical analysis of the social differentiation of rural youth mobility in Australia to argue that sociologists gain from further theorising the social differentiation of rural society. Empirically, we find that classed resources and stratified dispositions toward one’s future life are important properties associated with outward mobility. Theoretically, we propose the concept of rural social space to make sense of these patterns. Rural social space describes the material and symbolic hierarchies that structure the social differentiation of rural society. We conclude by suggesting how future research could refine the conceptualisation of rural social space proposed in this paper, by further considering the opportunities, practices and representations that distinguish the lives of different groups of rural young people.
Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of atmospheric plasma-sprayed TiO2/Al2O3 coatings on glass substrates
Authors: Duda Alicja , Kopyciński Bartosz , Hawełek Łukasz , Lis Marcin , Muzia Grzegorz , Wrona Adriana 
Published: May 2024

AbstractConventional methods for wastewater treatment are not always efficient in persistent organic pollutant degradation processes. Therefore, low-cost and effective methods of their removal from sewage are constantly sought. This study presents an attempt to fabricate thermally sprayed ceramic coatings on glass and their characterization. Granulation of TiO2, Al2O3, and their blends in different mass ratios was done. Assessment of actual density and specific surface area was performed, and TiO2, Al2O3, and TiO2/Al2O3 were then used as a coating material for the deposition on glass substrates in atmospheric plasma spraying. Surface analysis of coatings was done by evaluating their roughness and wettability. Both powder and coatings samples were characterized using the X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activity was estimated in the Eosin Y degradation process under UV light. UV–Vis spectroscopy was applied to observe the changes in the dye concentration. Additional tests for color measurements before and after photodegradation were carried out using a sphere spectrophotometer in CIELab color space. Particle size distribution was examined for the powder samples after the granulation and d50 was stated at 48.42–63.28 µm. Characterization of coatings via roughness measurements showed the average roughness of a surface equal to 4.90–9.65 µm. Moreover, most of the coatings appeared to be hydrophobic with water contact angles between 100° and 130°. All of the coatings showed Eosin Y degradation ability and the highest efficiency was reached for 100T/C, A75T/C, and A50T/C samples and stated at 71%, 62%, and 51%, respectively.
Graphical abstract