bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using LISREL Analysis for Drug Research
Authors: Kennedy Patricia H. , Starrfield Susan L. , Baffi Charles 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTLISREL Analysis is suggested as a method of modeling relationships among variables to determine causality. LISREL is a computer program that uses a maximum‐likelihood procedure to analyze structural equations. The variables in the tested hypotheses can be both directly observed variables and latent variables. LISREL was applied to the findings of a study in drug education research in order to provide a model. The constructed LISREL model was contrasted with the ANOVA‐based model. The LISREL had greater explanatory value for dealing with antecedent variables present in complex human health behaviors.
The Response of Special Education Students to an Activity‐Centered Health Curriculum
Authors: Brooks Charles H. , Howard Daniel J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe study's purpose was to assess the effectiveness of an activity‐centered health education curriculum designed for regular students on the general health beliefs of special education students. As part of an entire school system evaluation, 92 ***Learning Disability students and 142 Learning Limitation students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. All the students were pretested and subsequently posttested using a 28‐item questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. The analysis of covariance indicated that the activity‐centered health education program apparently was effective among the Learning Disability students, but was not effective among students with IQ scores of 80 or below.
Implementing EPSDT Screening in the Public School: Resolving Some Issues
Authors: Maddox Mary , Edgar Eugene 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe use of the Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment Program (EPSDT) as an adjunct to school health and education services was investigated. In the process of developing systematic procedures for public schools to use in collaborating with EPSDT, critical procedural, cost and policy issues surfaced. Methods for determining and protecting student eligibility information, estimating the cost and feasibility of the procedures and the role of local and state school health policy are examined. Specific recommendations are made. Information is provided that will help others interested in involving the public schools in the EPSDT program.
Comparing the Self‐Image of Prepubescent Girls Before and After Four Sessions on Body Awareness
Authors: Kerrins Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to determine whether increasing the knowledge of prepubescent girls concerning emotional and physiological changes would result in a more positive self‐image. Eleven Junior Girl Scouts comprised the sample. The procedure consisted of pretesting with the “How I See Myself Scale” and the “Sex Knowledge Test,” teaching a four‐session Body Awariness Course and posttesting with pretest instruments. Body awareness of the participants was significantly increased following the course. Self‐image was improved, although not significantly. Each participant indicated a strong interest in body awareness and her developing sexuality. This study demonstrates that prepubescent females need and desire factual information about their physical and emotional concerns.
Male Adolescent Sexual Behavior, The Forgotten Partner: A Review
Authors: Finkel Madelon Lubin , Finkel David J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTIt is encouraging that after years of focusing attention on the female's ability and responsibility to manage her reproductive behavior, the male is finally beginning to receive notice and attention. Ironically, before the widespread use of the Pill and the IUD, men and male birth control methods played an important role in family planning. Even today, reliance on vasectomies, the condom and withdrawal account for 25% of the contraceptive use among couples and trend statistics point to an increased interest among selected populations in the use of barrier methods that require partner cooperation for effective use.Yet, most small scale and nationwide knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) studies focus on the female, particularly the teen‐age female. With the exception of fragmentary survey data, pertinent information about male adolescent sexual activity is virtually nonexistent. The growing consensus among researchers and planners is that it is now crucial to research the forgotten partner — the adolescent male.
School Nursing in the News
Authors: Kalisch Beatrice J. , Kalisch Philip A. , McHugh Mary 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the image of school nursing in the American press during 1978 and 1980. Content analysis of newspaper articles yielded specific measurements of the extent to which school nursing is visible via the press, the content of messages disseminated to the public about school nursing issues and two year changes in newspaper treatment of this topic. The mean number of articles published per state was 1.43 in 1978 and 6.30 in 1980. The typical school nurse article appeared in a daily newspaper circulated to less than 10,000 readers. Articles published in 1978 were significantly larger than those published in 1980 and were more likely to focus primarily on the school nursing program rather than on teachers, school boards, funding concerns or other issues. The majority of the articles (77%) devoted some space to describing the services provided by school nurses. Nearly 30% of the articles reported problems with funding for school nursing programs and 21% reported threatened or actual loss of funding for services.Although reports of protests against budget cuts by school nurses, teachers, administrators and parents were found, parents were depicted as the only interest group to succeed in efforts to avert the loss of services. Criticism of school nursing services was found in only 2% of the articles. More than 80% of the articles praised school nursing as a vital force for improving the health of American school children. It was concluded that school nursing has not yet attained a position on the public agenda as an important community issue despite the fact that the quality and level of school health services are increasingly threatened in the current budget‐cutting climate.
Primary Prevention of Tobacco Smoking
Authors: Schinke Steven Paul , Gilchrist Lewayne D. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTSixth‐grade students (N = 56) were assigned randomly to one of four experimental conditions: pretest and primary prevention; primary prevention; pretest; and neither pretest nor primary prevention. In eight group sessions, primary prevention students learned facts, problem solving, decision making, self‐instructions and interpersonal skills to help keep them from using tobacco. All students completed posttests and a six‐month follow‐up. Compared with untrained controls, trained students had greater knowledge of smoking, more perspectives on tobacco problems, better linkages between problems and solutions, more insights on the consequences of nonsmoking decisions and greater nonverbal and verbal competence in tobacco use situations. Follow‐up data showed trained students with stronger commitments to tobacco abstinence, more frequent refusals of tobacco, and less smoking than controls. Midway through seventh grade, 8% of trained students and 37.5% of controls had smoked in the most recent month.
Evaluating a Nutrition Education Program for Pregnant Teen‐Agers: Cognitive vs. Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Perkin Judy 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA manual‐based program of nutrition education for pregnancy and lactation was developed. This program was evaluated in a classroom setting using two measures of effectiveness. A pretest and posttest format was used to assess cognitive outcomes and predietary and postdietary records were used to assess behavioral changes. The difference between cognitive test scores was significant. However, actual dietary improvements were slight and were within the range of normal intake variation. This study emphasizes the need to assess behavior in order to more fully evaluate educational effectiveness. Observations of the study also suggest the desirability of environmental support for the successful translation of classroom knowledge into appropriate behaviors.
A Controlled Trial of a Physical Fitness Program for Fifth Grade Students
Authors: Duncan Burris , Boyce W. Thomas , Itami Robert , Puffenbarger Nancy 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe relative effectiveness of a structured physical fitness program was compared with that of the customary organized activities for fifth grade students. The level of fitness was compared at the beginning and end of the nine‐month academic year as well as after the three‐month summer recess during which time no structured program was offered. The experimental group showed significant improvement over the control group in flexibility, strength and endurance during the school year; part of that improvement was maintained over the summer months; the physical fitness program had a positive influence on the general activity level of the students and was adopted by nine of the other 10 classrooms in the experimental school.
School‐based Prenatal Services
Authors: Taylor Barbara , Berg Marjorie , Kapp Lucy , Edwards Laura E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to evaluate whether enhancement of hospital‐based prenatal care of adolescents results in pregnancy outcomes comparable to those found in adolescents receiving care at school‐based clinics. An initial study comparing hospital clinic and school clinic programs administered by the St. Paul Maternal and Infant Care Project (MIC) from 1973–1976 indicated that delivered teens from the high school clinics had earlier and more frequent prenatal visits and fewer low birth weight babies than delivered adolescents who received care at hospital based clinics. After the initial study of 1976, MIC hospital based services for the adolescents were enhanced to include additional educational and support services.A follow up study, (1976–1979) was subsequently conducted, using criteria similar to the previous study, to compare the results of hospital and school‐based programs for pregnant teens. The follow up data demonstrated that the School Group initiated care much earlier and had significantly more prenatal visits than the Comparison Group, but the Comparison Group demonstrated a dramatic improvement in both areas when compared to the first study.Rates of obstetrical complications and infant outcomes were more similar for both groups than in the initial study, supporting the premise that while the school provides a superior setting for provision of prenatal services, similar services at nonschool sites can be greatly enhanced and can demonstrate significant improvement in obstetrical outcomes.
An Epidemic of Group A, Type 4 Streptococcal Carriers Among School Children and Their Desk Location at School
Authors: Fukuda Katsuhiro 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTDuring a follow‐up study of pharyngeal carrier of beta‐hemolytic streptococci among school children in three classes (ages 8–9) in Sapporo City, an epidemic of group A, T4 streptococcal carrier was observed. The epidemic started in February 1978 in class II (35 pupils) and spread to class I (36 pupils) in May. Class III developed only three carriers during the course. Information on the desk location of those children at school and those on some host factors or on several environmental factors were collected. Monthly sociometric tests were performed on those pupils and corresponding sociograms were constructed. New T4 carrier rate by month was calculated for class I and class II by pupil's desk location (adjacent vs. remote) or by degree of pupil's friendship (best friends vs. others, based on the sociogram).More new carriers were detected from susceptibles adjacent to previous carriers than from those remote to them. There was no significant difference with carrier rate between best friends and others. The T4 carriers did not significantly differ from the remaining noncarriers in terms of status with host or environmental factors examined.
Boom or Bust: Future of Health Profession Education
Authors: Garza Diana , Evans Dale W. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe future of allied health education depends greatly on the nature of economic, social, political and health trends. It behooves educators and administrators to consider such trends as dramatic cutbacks in educational funding, revision of Medicare and Medicaid hospital reimbursement policies, establishment of diagnosis related groups (DRG), increasing technology, the wave of conservatism and the aging population. The effect on the health professions is speculative, however, knowing these trends and properly preparing, revising and reorganizing for them will keep allied health educational programs viable. This paper addresses the trends and their impact on education.
Effects Of Sibling Death On Teenagers
Authors: Balk David 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis study reports the effects of sibling death on 33 adolescents from white, middle‐ to upper‐middle income families. Contact was made through mutual support groups for bereaved parents. A focused interview was used to gather data on bereavement reactions and on self‐concept. Bereavement reactions investigated included kinds of emotional responses, effects on sleeping and eating, frequency of thoughts about the deceased sibling, effects on school work, means of dealing with the death and interpersonal relationships. Self‐concept perceptions investigated were perceptions of personal maturity, lessons learned from the death and the importance of religious beliefs. Eleven further measures of self‐concept were obtained by means of the “Offer Self‐Image Questionnaire for Adolescents.” By grouping responses into two time frames (before or a few weeks after the death and at the time of the interview), significant differences in reactions and perceptions were found among the participants.
Anorexia Nervosa:
Authors: Chng Chwee Lye 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper has been written for the health professional in the school and community, and others who come into contact with the anorexic. Although hardly a rare disease today, misinformation and fear continue to surround anorexia nervosa. Few people, including health professionals, are well informed about the illness, and this ignorance sometimes impairs early detection and effective treatment of the problem. Perhaps, this paper will help make the disorder more comprehensible and less frightening for both sufferers and health professionals in the school and community. Among other things, it will draw implications for health education and attempt to answer the following questions: What is anorexia nervosa? How prevalent is it? What individuals are at high risk? How does a person become anorexic? What treatment programs work? Can the problem be prevented?
A National Study Of Fluoride Mouthrinse Adoption:
Authors: Coombs Jeanne A. , Silversin Jacob B. , Drolette Margaret E. , Bikofsky Carol G. , Ulrich Alison M. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe ongoing adoption of school‐based fluoride mouthrinse programs in the U.S. has provided the opportunity to study the issues surrounding the adoption and implementation of a health technology by public schools. Findings from a National Study on the Diffusion of Preventive Health Measures to Schools have been selected for analysis with regard to the role of school health personnel in the adoption and delivery of the service. A more visible role for school health personnel as on‐site health experts is discussed, as well as the potential ways for increasing their involvement through facilitating initial program adoption, relaying accurate and up‐to‐date implementation information to decisionmakers, developing a constituency for long‐term program support and ensuring program accuracy through monitoring and continuing education.
International Students At An American University: Health Problems And Status
Authors: Miller Dean F. , Harwell Deanna J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTEighty‐eight international students enrolled at the University of Toledo were surveyed in order to ascertain their health care needs since arriving at the university. This study of the health status of international students indicated that the four leading problems experienced since arriving at the university were fatigue, homesickness, headaches and colds. Fatigue and colds were more commonly reported by students from Latin America than those from Asia or the Middle East.Both community health services and the university health service are not used by a majority of international students. Friends and the telephone book yellow pages arc the most commonly used sources for finding a physician if one becomes sick. The drug store was indicated as being the place the international students would go for medicine if they became sick.The findings of this study suggest that international students must be oriented to the health services available in the community and at the university health service. A health education program needs to be conducted to inform these students about personal health practices and available services.
School Nurse Demonstrates that Mini‐Grant Funding Can Improve Elementary Nutrition Education
Authors: O'Donnell Norma L. , Alles Wesley F. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this demonstration project was to determine whether the school nurse can facilitate changes in the health education curriculum. By making resources and a packaged curriculum available to teachers, and by offering in‐service education about these materials, teachers were willing to spend more classroom time on nutrition. The students in each grade level K‐6 experienced significant gains in knowledge because of the increased time allotment and the utilization of available materials. It appears that the school nurse can have a positive effect on the health education curriculum.
The School Nurse's Role in Vision Screening for the Difficult‐to‐Test Student
Authors: Johnson Janis L. , Spellman Charles R. , Cress Pamela J. , Sizemore Andrea C. , Shores Richard E. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the importance of providing vision screening services to students who are difficult‐to‐test and describes strategies for providing such services. Included in the discussion is an overview of various instruments that may be used to assess visual acuity. One of the instruments, the Parsons Visual Acuity Test, is described in detail as a tool for assessing visual acuity of the difficult‐to‐test. In addition, a discussion is presented which emphasizes the importance of providing follow‐up services to those children who are referred for professional eye examinations. The authors delineate the vital role of the school nurse in assisting the difficult‐to‐test student to gain necessary vision care services through screening, referral, obtaining appropriate treatment and providing follow‐up services.
Teaching about Testicular Cancer and Testicular Self‐examination
Authors: Marty Phillip J. , McDermott Robert J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTTesticular cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in young men. Because some 5,300 new cases of this disorder may be diagnosed annually, with an accompanying 950 deaths from complications, it is important that young males become informed about this potentially dangerous condition. In an effort to meet the educational needs of school health personnel and secondary school pupils, the authors of this paper review the pathology and epidemiology of testicular cancer, the technique of testicular self‐examination, and some suggestions for teaching about this subject.
Demythologizing Sex Education in Oklahoma: An Attitudinal Study
Authors: Turner Norma Haston 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTA randomized study was conducted to determine the distribution of attitudes among Oklahomans of voting age toward sex education and to analyze the relationship of demographic, sociocultural, and attitudinal factors. The state was stratified into six regions. Forty‐five percent of the sample lived in urban areas, and 55% in rural areas. Random digit dialing and random selection within households were utilized to ensure a representative sample of the population.Eighty percent of the sample was found to be favorable toward sex education in the public schools, while 20% was unfavorable. A majority of respondents in all religious groups including “fundamentalists” were favorable. Seventeen variables were found to be significant in the univariate analysis of the data; eight were not significant. In a multivariate analysis, three variables, age, Protestant denominational type and female employment, were shown to have predictive ability in determining favorability and unfavorability. Implications for building community support for sex education also are discussed.
Objectivity In The Assessment Of Preschool Hearing Impaired Bilingual‐Hispanic Children
Authors: Ferullo Robert J. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTPublic Law 94–142, Education of Handicapped Children, mandates the development of an Individualized Education Plan for school‐age children with special needs. The development of such a plan requires a team meeting of various specialists who have conducted a variety of assessments of the children being “cored”. Often such meetings become an arena for the enunciation of favored philosophical and methodological positions that tend to obstruct the development of scientifically‐based goals and objectives.This article stresses the importance of avoiding one's favored philosophy in the evaluation and assessment of preschool hearing impaired Hispanic bilingual children. A case illustration is presented to demonstrate the need for objectivity in the team evaluation process. Finally, some guidelines are presented for use in working with Hispanic families.
Communicating Nutrition to High School Students in Kenya
Authors: Feldman Robert H. L. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe success of school health programs depends upon effective communication. The characteristics of the communicator is an important component in the communication process. Research indicates that the expertise of the communicator and communicator‐audience similarity are both characteristics that influence the acceptance of health information. The goal of this study was to determine which combination of expertise and similarity is most effective in improving the nutrition knowledge and attitudes of high school students in Kenya, East Africa. To examine this problem, Gusii students from Kenya received communications advocating improved nutrition from sources varying in expertise and similarity. Results of the investigation indicated that a communicator similar to his or her audience (low expert/high similar communicator) was effective in persuading the students as an expert (high expert/low similar communicator). The implications for school health programs, especially in developing countries, is that in utilizing a culturally similar, locally‐trained person (low expert/high similar communicator) as a communicator source, the school is obtaining an effective communicator as well as utilizing limited resources in the most effective manner. If a culturally dissimilar person is the source of the information, then this individual would be effective only if he or she is an expert.
Health Education in the Department of Defense Dependents Schools: An Internationalizing Experience
Authors: Sponberg Janalee L. , Nevarez Hector O. , Evans Dale W. 
Published: October 2009

ABSTRACTThe Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS) system provides a unique educational experience for thousands of military and civilian dependents living in foreign countries. The blend of military life with a host nation culture creates a challenge for both students and educators. Health education in the international setting provides a social and cultural experience which is not readily found at home in the U.S.