bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoreactor design and CFD modelling of a UV/H2O2 process for distillery wastewater treatment
Authors: Mohajerani Masroor , Mehrvar Mehrab , Ein‐Mozaffari Farhad 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA pseudo‐kinetic model for the treatment of a distillery wastewater by the ultraviolet irradiation and hydrogen peroxide process in a continuous tubular photoreactor is developed. There is a scarcity of information on modelling of organic degradation rates based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) in advanced oxidation technologies (AOTs). In this study, the COD and TOC are used as surrogate parameters to design a photoreactor instead of individual concentrations of species. The rate constants for the reaction between COD and TOC with hydroxyl radicals were determined to be 4.9 × 109 and 5.0 × 106 M−1 s−1, respectively. A laminar flow model was simulated to estimate the velocity and residence time of the medium in a cylindrical photoreactor. The model was validated by the experimental data published in the open literature for different concentrations of H2O2 (1, 10, and 100 mM), COD (589, 709, and 850 mg O2 L−1), and TOC (190, 200, and 192 mg C L−1). The optimal value of the inlet hydrogen peroxide concentration was predicted to be 400 mg L−1. Axial and radial concentration distributions of species in the photoreactor were also obtained. At different photoreactor radii (from 50 to 200 mm), the values of radial local volumetric rate of energy absorption (LVREA) were estimated. It was found that a higher LVREA was achieved in the photoreactor space at smaller radii. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Vapor‐liquid equilibria at high temperatures: The selenium‐tellurium system
Authors: Yannopoulos J. C. , Themelis N. J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe vapor‐liquid phase equilibria for the system selenium‐tellurium were determined in the composition range of 40% to 99.999% by weight. Measurements were made by means of a dynamic distillation apparatus at atmospheric pressure and boiling temperatures from 688° to 773°C.Under the above experimental conditions, selenium and tellurium are known to exist in a number of molecular forms, such as Se2, Se4, etc. It was, therefore, necessary to estimate the average molecular weights of the two elements on the basis of published data. An attempt was made to test the thermodynamic consistency of the equilibrium data. The activity coefficient plots were used to extend the experimental x‐y data over most of the composition range.
Laminar heat transfer to non‐Newtonian fluids in the entrance region of a circular conduit
Authors: Pawlek Richard A. , Tien Chi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractAn analytical study of the laminar heat transfer to a power‐law non‐Newtonian fluid in the entrance region of a circular conduit was made. Numerical values of local Nusselt number as well as average Nusselt number were evaluated and shown to be dependent upon Reynolds number, Prandtl number, the parameter z/R and the flow behavior index, n.
Distribution Study of U, V, Mo, and Zr in Different Sites of Lakes Van and Hazar, River and Seawater Samples by ICP‐MS
Authors: Yaman Mehmet , Ince Muharrem , Erel Ensar , Cengiz Emine , Bal Tulin , Er Cigdem , Kilicel Fevzi 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the concentrations of U, Th, V, Mo, and Zr in natural waters taken from Turkey. Among these water species, Lake Van is the largest soda lake and the fourth largest closed basin on Earth. The water samples were collected from 51 locations between 2008 and 2009. The inductively coupled plasma‐MS was used for determinations. The obtained U and Zr concentrations are in the range of 37–110 µg L−1 and 17–78 µg L−1 in Lake Van and 0.53–0.81 µg L−1 and 0.15–0.19 µg L−1 in Lake Hazar, respectively. The concentration of uranium in other studied waters varies from the lowest 0.09 µg L−1 in Tigris (Dicle) river to the highest 4.0 µg L−1 in Mediterranean Sea water. Mean Mo and V concentrations in the studied water samples were found to be in ranges of 0.1–17 and 2.7–113 µg L−1, respectively. The obtained highest U concentration in Lake Van correlates with the highest Mo and Zr levels compared to the Lake Hazar and river waters. These results imply that there is a young occurrence of uranium minerals around Lake Van. It is concluded that there is about 50.000 ton of uranium in Lake Van water.
Kinetic Magnetic‐Field Effect Involving the Small Biologically Relevant Inorganic Radicals NO and O2.−
Authors: Karogodina Tatiana Y. , Dranov Igor G. , Sergeeva Svetlana V. , Stass Dmitry V. , Steiner Ulrich E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractOxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) to rhodamine 123 (RH) by oxoperoxonitrite (ONOO−), formed through recombination of NO and O2.− radicals resulting from thermal decomposition of 3‐morpholinosydnonimine (SIN‐1) in buffered aerated aqueous solution at pH 7.6, represents a kinetic model system of the reactivity of NO and O2.− in biochemical systems. A magnetic‐field effect (MFE) on the yield of RH detected in this system is explored in the full range of fields between 0 and 18 T. It is found to increase in a nearly linear fashion up to a value of 5.5±1.6 % at 18 T and 23 °C (3.1±0.7 % at 40 °C). A theoretical framework to analyze the MFE in terms of the magnetic‐field‐enhanced recombination rate constant krec of NO and O2.− due to magnetic mixing of T0 and S spin states of the radical pair by the Δg mechanism is developed, including estimation of magnetic properties (g tensor and spin relaxation times) of NO and O2.− in aqueous solution, and calculation of the MFE on krec using the theoretical formalism of Gorelik at al. The factor with which the MFE on krec is translated to the MFE on the yield of ONOO− and RH is derived for various kinetic scenarios representing possible sink channels for NO and O2.−. With reasonable assumptions for the values of some unknown kinetic parameters, the theoretical predictions account well for the observed MFE.
Electroless deposition of Cu dendrites decorated with ZnO rods
Authors: Wang L. , Liu G. , Xue D. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractIn this paper, copper dendrites decorated with ZnO rods have been electrolessly deposited on brass substrate by a simple galvanic replacement method. SEM images show that these copper dendrites possess a pronounced trunk and highly ordered branches distributed on both sides of the trunk. Meanwhile, both the trunk and branches are decorated with ZnO rods. The diffusion‐limited aggregation (DLA) model has been used to explain the fractal growth of Cu dendritic structures. This method provides a facile route to the synthesis of copper dendrites with ZnO, which can be extended to the preparation of other forms three‐dimensional (3‐D) metal structures or metal/ZnO composites by modifying electrolyte parameters such as composition, concentration, pH and temperature. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of ammonium fluoride passivation time on CdZnTe bulk crystal wafers
Authors: Bensalah H. , Crocco J. , Carcélen V. , Plaza J. L. , Zheng Q. , Marchini L. , Zanichelli M. , Domínguez G. , Soriano L. , Diéguez E. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe chemical etching and the passivation processes of CdZnTe wafers were studied. The treatment effects were tested through an X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and I–V measurement. The chemical etching in 2%Br–MeOH solution may effectively remove the damaged layer and improve the ohmic contact between CdZnTe wafer and Au electrodes making rich the surface with Te. After different etching times, the CdZnTe wafers were passivated with NH4F/H2O2.CdZnTe wafer passivated immediately after etching showed the best passivation efficiency because the enriched Te on the surface was fully oxidized to TeO2, which results in the thickest oxide layer, and the most stoichiometric surface. Also the surface leakage current was reduced in comparison with the sample passivated 24 h after etching. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Catalytic Conversion of Dihydroxyacetone to Lactic Acid Using Metal Salts in Water
Authors: Rasrendra Carolus B. , Fachri Boy A. , Makertihartha I. Gusti B. N. , Adisasmito Sanggono , Heeres Hero J. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractWe herein present a study on the application of homogeneous catalysts in the form of metal salts on the conversion of trioses, such as dihydroxyacetone (DHA), and glyceraldehyde (GLY) to lactic acid (LA) in water. A wide range of metal salts (26 in total) were examined. AlIII salts were identified as the most promising and essentially quantitative LA yields (>90 mol %) were obtained at 140 °C and a reaction time of 90 min. A reaction pathway is proposed and a kinetic model using the power law approach was developed for the conversion of DHA to LA with pyruvaldehyde (PRV) as the intermediate. Good agreement between experimental data and the model was obtained. Model predictions, supported by experiments, indicate that a high yield of LA is favoured in dilute solutions of DHA (0.1 M) at elevated temperatures (180 °C) and reaction times less than 10 min.
A Non‐Aqueous Synthesis of TiO2/SiO2 Composites in Supercritical CO2 for the Photodegradation of Pollutants
Authors: Jammaer Jasper , Aprile Carmela , Verbruggen Sammy W. , Lenaerts Silvia , Pescarmona Paolo P. , Martens Johan A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractTitania/silica composites with different Ti/Si ratios are synthesized via a nonconventional synthesis route. The synthesis involves non‐aqueous reaction of metal alkoxides and formic acid at 75 °C in supercritical carbon dioxide. The as‐prepared composite materials contain nanometer‐sized anatase crystallites and amorphous silica. Large specific surface areas are obtained. The composites are evaluated in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous medium, and in the elimination of acetaldehyde from air. The highest photocatalytic activity in both processes is achieved with a composite containing 40 wt % TiO2.
Thin Films of Cobalt Oxide Deposited on High Aspect Ratio Supports by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Diskus Madeleine , Nilsen Ola , Fjellvåg Helmer 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThin films of cobalt oxide are obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using cobaltocene (CoCp2) and ozone as precursors. A window for ALD growth exists in the temperature range 137 to 331 °C. Self‐limiting growth is verified at a deposition temperature of 167 °C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the films consist of polycrystalline Co3O4 up to a deposition temperature of some 285 °C with CoO being identified as a secondary phase at 331 °C. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) proves increased roughness and grain size with increasing deposition temperature, apart from films deposited at 235 °C where the roughness is very low due to a change in preferred orientation of the growth. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) mapping measurements on coated anodiscs show a homogeneous deposition of cobalt oxide on the 5 µm upper part of the pores structure. The content of cobalt decreases inside the pores, however, still proving the existence of cobalt inside all pores.
Monomer Crystallization During Vapor‐Deposition Polymerization
Authors: Papastrat Alexander G. , Chu Thach , Anthamatten Mitchell 
Published: May 2011

AbstractEstablishing control of molecular order, orientation, and the size of crystalline domains within thin films is crucial to engineering physical and charge‐transport properties. Vapor‐deposition polymerization of polyimides is accomplished by controlling incident molecular flux of sublimed dianhydrides and diamines. Crystallites containing unreacted monomer are observed when monomer fluxes are unbalanced. Diamine crystallites nucleate at early stages of deposition, grow radially during film growth, and are smaller at high deposition rates. Diamine crystallites protrude above the film, suggesting that monomer surface diffusion is significant. This high surface mobility likely promotes polymerization and explains other phenomena observed in vapor deposited films.
A new authenticated key agreement for session initiation protocol
Authors: Xie Qi 
Published: May 2011

SUMMARYThe session initiation protocol (SIP) is an authentication protocol used in 3G mobile networks. In 2009, Tsai proposed an authenticated key agreement scheme as an enhancement to SIP. Yoon et al. later pointed out that the scheme of Tsai is vulnerable to off‐line password guessing attack, Denning–Sacco attack, and stolen‐verifier attack and does not support perfect forward secrecy (PFS). Yoon et al. further proposed a new scheme with PFS. In this paper, we show that the scheme of Yoon et al. is still vulnerable to stolen‐verifier attack and may also suffer from off‐line password guessing attack. We then propose several countermeasures for solving these problems. In addition, we propose a new security‐enhanced authentication scheme for SIP. Our scheme also maintains low computational complexity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
My what big eyes you have: How the Drosophila retina grows
Authors: Kumar Justin P. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe compound eye of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has for decades been used extensively to study a number of critical developmental processes including tissue development, pattern formation, cell fate specification, and planar cell polarity. To a lesser degree it has been used to examine the cell cycle and tissue proliferation. Discovering the mechanisms that balance tissue growth and cell death in developing epithelia has traditionally been the realm of those using the wing disc. However, over the last decade a series of observations has demonstrated that the eye is a suitable and maybe even preferable tissue for studying tissue growth. This review will focus on how growth of the retina is controlled by the genes and pathways that govern the specification of tissue fate, the division of the epithelium into dorsal‐ventral compartments, the initiation, and progression of the morphogenetic furrow and the second mitotic wave. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 1133–1152, 2011
Ongoing Dll4‐Notch signaling is required for T‐cell homeostasis in the adult thymus
Authors: Billiard Fabienne , Kirshner Jessica R. , Tait Michelle , Danave Amanda , Taheri Sean , Zhang Wen , Waite Janelle C. , Olson Kara , Chen Guoying , Coetzee Sandra , Hylton Donna , Murphy Andrew J. , Yancopoulos George D. , Thurston Gavin , Skokos Dimitris 
Published: May 2011

AbstractThe essential role of the Delta‐like ligand 4 (Dll4)‐Notch signaling pathway in T‐lymphocyte development is well established. It has been shown that specific inactivation of Dll4 on thymic stromal cells during early post‐natal development leads to a deregulation in T‐cell differentiation. However, whether ongoing Dll4‐Notch signaling is required for T‐cell development in the adult thymus is unknown. The use of anti‐Dll4 Abs allowed us to confirm and expand previous studies by examining the kinetics and the reversibility of Dll4‐Notch signaling blockade in T‐cell development in adult mice. We found that anti‐Dll4 treatment reduced thymic cellularity after 7 days, as a consequence of a developmental delay in T‐cell maturation at the pro‐T‐cell double negative 1 (CD4−CD8−c‐kit+CD44+CD25−) stage, leading to decreased numbers of immature double‐positive (CD4+CD8+) T cells without affecting the frequency of mature single positive CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes, while promoting alternative thymic B‐cell expansion. This cellular phenotype was similarly observed in both young adult and aged mice (>1.5 years), extending our understanding of the ongoing role for Dll4‐Notch signaling during T‐cell development in the adult thymus. Finally, after cessation of Dll4 Ab treatment, thymic cellularity and thymocyte subset ratios returned to normal levels, indicating reversibility of this phenotype in both adult and aged mice, which has important implications for potential clinical use of Dll4‐Notch inhibitors.
A Protecting‐Group‐Free Route to Chiral BINOL–Phosphoric Acids
Authors: Li Baojian , Chiu Pauline 
Published: May 2011

AbstractA two‐step, protecting group‐free route for the synthesis of 3,3′‐disubstituted and 6,6′‐disubstituted chiral BINOL–phosphoric acids has been realized starting from commercially available brominated BINOLs. This synthesis relies on the direct Suzuki coupling of brominated BINOL phosphoric acids. This synthetic strategy is more efficient compared to previous circuitous strategies involving protections and deprotections, and the process is higher yielding relative to the alternative two‐step synthesis involving Suzuki coupling of the BINOL.
Pedicled mandible myo‐osseous flaps combined with free skin flaps for reconstruction of complex lateral mandibular defects
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chou , Valerio Ian L. , Chien Chih‐Yen , Jeng Seng‐Feng 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThis study presents an alternative in reconstruction, using free skin flaps in combination with pedicled mandible bone flaps for complex lateral mandibular defects.MethodsIn all, 13 patients were included in this prospective study. Pedicled mandible myo‐osseous flaps were used for reconstruction of bone defects of the lateral mandible in combination with free skin flaps, including radial forearm flaps (n = 3), anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps (n = 9), and local tongue flap (n = 1). Postoperatively, a 99mTc‐methyl diphosphonate bone scan was performed to assess bone flap viability.ResultsAll patients had acceptably contoured mandibles. The major complications consisted of 1 failed ALT flap and 2 nonviable bone flaps. The bone scan confirmed viable bone flaps in 11 cases. Ten patients (77%) were able to resume soft to full diets.ConclusionsFor complex lateral mandibular defects (≤6 cm), a combination of the pedicled mandible myo‐osseous flaps and free skin flaps is an alternative in reconstruction. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Depression in patients with head and neck cancer and a functional genetic polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene
Authors: Gilbert Jill , Haman Kirsten L. , Dietrich Mary S. , Blakely Randy D. , Shelton Richard C. , Murphy Barbara A. 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundPolymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene, 5‐HTTLPR (short allele) has been associated with depression. The purpose of this study was to show the evaluated depression in patients with head and neck cancer and a possible association with the 5‐HTTLPR.MethodsThe Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (SCID for DSM‐IV) was administered to 94 patients with head and neck cancer, of which 33 patients were genotyped for 5‐HTTLPR. We also evaluated the prevalence of 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism in 121 patients with head and neck cancer and 97 controls.ResultsForty‐three percent of the patients met the criteria for a depressive diagnosis, 19% of which was new onset. In depressed patients, 85.7% (n = 12 of 14) had at least 1 short allele versus 68.4% (n = 13 of 19) of the patients without depressive diagnosis (p < .04). No difference was noted in the prevalence of the short allele in head and neck cancer cases versus controls (odds ratio = 0.8; p = .490).ConclusionDespite the high rate of depressive diagnosis, patients with head and neck cancer did not demonstrate a higher prevalence of this short allele of the 5‐HTTLPR compared with a control population.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Initial staging of the neck in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A comparison of CT, PET/CT, and ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Stoeckli Sandro J. , Haerle Stephan K. , Strobel Klaus , Haile Sarah R. , Hany Thomas F. , Schuknecht Bernhard 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare imaging modalities for staging the neck in a prospective cohort of patients evaluated by CT, ultrasound with fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and [18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT with the histologic evaluation of the neck dissection as the standard of reference.MethodsIn all, 76 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled.ResultsUltrasound‐guided FNAC showed the highest level of agreement with histology for exact N classification. Ultrasound‐guided FNAC showed the smallest percentage of overstaged patients, 7%, versus 16% with PET/CT, 13% with CT, and 13% with ultrasound. The rate of understaged patients was comparable between the imaging modalities. With regard to the endpoint N0 versus N+ there were no statistically significant differences to be found.ConclusionsUltrasound‐guided FNAC seems to correlate best with histologic staging compared with PET/CT and CT. None of the modality is reliable enough to replace elective neck treatment in cN0 necks. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Prognostic value of fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography imaging in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Querellou Solène , Abgral Ronan , Le Roux Pierre‐Yves , Nowak Emmanuel , Valette Gérald , Potard Gaël , Le Duc‐Pennec Alexandra , Cavarec Marie‐Béatrice , Marianovski Rémi , Salaün Pierre‐Yves 
Published: May 2011

AbstractBackgroundHigh tumor uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is associated with an unfavorable outcome in patients with cancer. We evaluated FDG uptake as a prognostic factor in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsMaximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of tumor, liver, and pulmonary artery were recorded. Ratios of SUVmax from tumor to liver (T/L) and from tumor to pulmonary artery (T/PA) were calculated for each patient. Clinical data, tumor, and SUVmax ratios were compared with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsEighty‐nine patients were included: 48 presented a local recurrent disease or distant metastases and 42 died. For both DFS and OS, tumor SUVmax value of 7 was the best cutoff value and 4 and 5 for T/L and T/PA ratios. Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent prognostic value of these 3 thresholds for DFS and OS.ConclusionsFDG uptake has a significant and independent relationship with recurrence and survival. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
A pathway from JNK through decreased ERK and Akt activities for FOXO3a nuclear translocation in response to UV irradiation
Authors: Wang Xianwang , Chen Wei R. , Xing Da 
Published: May 2011

AbstractForkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors play an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (Akt) can phosphorylate FOXO and cause its degradation or cytoplasmic retention, respectively, leading to tumorigenesis. In addition, C‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase (JNK) can promote FOXO nuclear localization, leading to apoptosis. Using confocal imaging of cells transfected with GFP‐FOXO3a, we visualized the dynamic translocation of GFP‐FOXO3a from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after UV irradiation in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. We also found that UV irradiation caused activation of JNK, which in turn inactivated ERK and Akt, leading to FOXO3a translocation and Bim expression. Our results indicate that nuclear translocation of FOXO3a can be regulated by UV irradiation through the JNK‐ERK/Akt pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 1168–1178, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.