bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caspase‐8 polymorphisms and risk of gallbladder cancer in a Northern Indian population
Authors: Srivastava Kshitij , Srivastava Anvesha , Mittal Balraj 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCaspase‐8 (CASP8) is a key controller of apoptosis, and its deregulation plays an important role in carcinogenesis. To evaluate the role of CASP8 polymorphisms in gallbladder cancer (GBC), we examined the risk associated with three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a case–control study in North Indian population. Genotypes and haplotypes of the CASP8 polymorphisms (−652 6N ins/del; rs3834129, Ex13 + 51G > C; rs1045485 and IVS12‐19 G > A; rs3769818) were determined for 230 GBC patients and 230 cancer‐free controls randomly selected from the population. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated in multivariate logistic regression analysis for the association of individual SNPs and haplotypes with GBC. Carriers for the “del” allele of rs3834129 SNP were associated with a 0.60‐fold decreased risk for GBC (95% CI = 0.42–0.88; Ptrend = 0.005). In the combined analysis of the three CASP8 variants, we found that the individuals with the diplotypes carrying two copies of the common CASP8 del‐G‐G haplotype had 0.35‐fold reduced risk (95% CI = 0.14–0.85) when compared with the diplotype containing 0–1 copy. The false‐positive report probability (FPRP) approach advocated that these results were noteworthy (FPRP < 0.5). The molecular modeling results of rs1045485 polymorphism indicated that the overall configuration of both wild‐type and polymorphic CASP8 protein were similar, with negligible deviation at the site of the polymorphism itself. In summary, low penetrance variants in CASP8 gene may alter the susceptibility toward GBC. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disposition of hop prenylflavonoids in human breast tissue
Authors: Bolca Selin , Li Jinghu , Nikolic Dejan , Roche Nathalie , Blondeel Phillip , Possemiers Sam , De Keukeleire Denis , Bracke Marc , Heyerick Arne , van Breemen Richard B. , Depypere Herman 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHop‐derived products may contain xanthohumol (XN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and the potent phytoestrogen 8‐prenylnaringenin (8‐PN). To evaluate the potential health effects of these prenylflavonoids on breast tissue, their concentration, nature of metabolites, and biodistribution were assessed and compared with 17β‐estradiol (E2) exposure. In this dietary intervention study, women were randomly allocated to hop (n=11; 2.04 mg XN, 1.20 mg IX, and 0.1 mg 8‐PNpersupplement) or control (n=10). After a run‐in of ≥4 days, three supplements were taken daily for 5 days preceding an aesthetic breast reduction. Blood and breast biopsies were analyzed using HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS. Upon hop administration, XN and IX concentrations ranged between 0.72 and 17.65 nmol/L and 3.30 and 31.50 nmol/L, and between 0.26 and 5.14 pmol/g and 1.16 and 83.67 pmol/g in hydrolyzed serum and breast tissue, respectively. 8‐PN however, was only detected in samples of moderate and strong 8‐PN producers (0.43–7.06 nmol/L and 0.78–4.83 pmol/g). Phase I metabolism appeared to be minor (∼10%), whereas extensive glucuronidation was observed (> 90%). Total prenylflavonoids showed a breast adipose/glandular tissue distribution of 38/62 and their derived E2‐equivalents were negligible compared with E2in adipose (384.6±118.8 fmol/g,p=0.009) and glandular (241.6±93.1 fmol/g,p<0.001) tissue, respectively. Consequently, low doses of prenylflavonoids are unlikely to elicit estrogenic responses in breast tissue.
Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes in the Harvard cohorts
Authors: Wei Melissa Y. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe hypothesis that vitamin D is inversely associated with multiple health outcomes has been studied in the Harvard cohorts, including the Nurses' Health Study I (n=121 700 female nurses aged 37–64 at baseline in 1984), Nurses' Health Study II (n=116 671 female nurses aged 27–44 years at baseline in 1991), Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (n=51 529 male health professionals aged 40–75 years at baseline in 1986), and Physicians' Health Study (n=22 071 male physicians aged 40–84 years at baseline in 1982). These studies assessed vitamin D through circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, dietary and supplemental intake, predicted 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. This review summarizes studies of vitamin D and various endpoints considered in these cohorts, including risk of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, elevated plasma C‐peptide, various cancers, bone fractures, and multiple sclerosis. Based on the multiple observed benefits of vitamin D, this article postulates recommendations for vitamin D intake in the US population for reduced incidence of multiple health outcomes.
Characterization of a reverse molding sequence at the mesoscale for in‐mold assembly of revolute joints
Authors: Ananthanarayanan Arvind , Gupta Satyandra K. , Bruck Hugh A. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn‐mold assembly and miniature molding have been combined to realize miniature assemblies. Our previous work has shown that for realizing in‐mold assembly at the mesoscale, the molding sequence is the reverse of that used at the macroscale. Moreover, special features are needed in the mold to prevent plastic bending of the pin because of the pressure exerted by the second stage melt. This article presents novel mold designs and computational methods to enable the use of the reverse molding sequence to prevent: (1) plastic bending of the premolded component, and (2) joint jamming during the mesoscale in‐mold assembly process. The computational methods are also validated through experimentation. Results reported in this article show that for making in‐mold assembled revolute joints with the polymer combination of ABS and LDPE, a reversed molding sequence needs to be used for joints sizes less than 1.5 mm. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1843–1852, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Thermoforming of a PMMA transparency near glass transition temperature
Authors: Gilormini Pierre , Chevalier Luc , Régnier Gilles 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo simulate the thermoforming of a transparency, constitutive equations are proposed for the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate) near glass transition temperature, which include large deformations. In a first step, they are fitted on a set of uniaxial tension‐relaxation tests at various strain levels and strain rates. In a second step, their implementation in a finite element code is performed. Finally, the thermoforming of a transparency at a constant and uniform temperature is simulated and compared with experimental results. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:2004–2012, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
A comparison of seven filling to packing switchover methods for injection molding
Authors: Kazmer David O. , Velusamy Suganya , Westerdale Sarah , Johnston Stephen , Gao Robert X. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe effectiveness of seven methods for controlling switchover from the filling to packing stage were investigated, including: (1) screw position, (2) injection time, (3) machine pressure, (4) nozzle pressure, (5) runner pressure near the sprue, (6) cavity pressure near the gate, and (7) cavity temperature at the end of flow. The activation threshold for each of the seven switchover methods was iteratively determined so as to produce similar part weights relative to a standard process. A design of experiments was implemented for each of the seven switchover methods that perturbs the process settings by an amount equal to six standard deviations of the standard process so as to replicate the expected long‐term process variation. The results suggest that conventional switchover methods (e.g., screw position) had lower short‐term variation, but other methods were more robust with respect to rejecting long‐term process variation. The merits of different dimensional measurements for quality control are also discussed relative to the society of the plastics industry (SPI) standard tolerances. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:2031–2043, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers
Exploration of the morphological transition phenomenon of polyaniline from microspheres to nanotubes in acid‐free aqueous 1‐propanol solution in a single polymerization process
Authors: Huang Yu‐Fong , Lin Chi‐Wen 
Published: May 2010

AbstractPolyaniline micro‐ or nanostructures have been widely investigated due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Although several studies have reported the synthesis of polyaniline microspheres and nanotubes, their mechanisms of formation remain controversial. This study reports our observation of the morphological transition of polyaniline from microspheres to nanotubes in a single polymerization process and also tries to propose their mechanisms of formation. The polymerization of aniline monomer in acid‐free aqueous 1‐propanol solutions (1 and 2 mol L−1) produces polyaniline microspheres and nanotubes at different reaction stages through a morphology transition process with treatment using ultrasound. In the initial reaction stage, Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that the aniline monomers form phenazine‐like units, producing polyaniline microspheres with an outside diameter of 1–2 µm. The hydrogen bonds between 1‐propanol and polyaniline serve as the driving force for the polyaniline chains to build microspheres. As the reaction continues, observation indicates the microspheres decompose and reform one‐dimensional nanotubes. In this stage, a structure consisting of a head of phenazine‐like units and a tail of acid‐doping para‐linked aniline units develops. The protonation of the para‐linked aniline units provides the driving force for the formation of nanotubes through a self‐curling process. We report here the unique morphology transition of polyaniline from microspheres to nanotubes in a single polymerization process. The results indicate that the structural change of polyaniline leads to this morphological change. The mechanisms of formation of the microspheres and nanotubes in a polymerization process are also well explained. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Referral patterns and psychosocial distress in cancer patients accessing a psycho‐oncology counseling service
Authors: Nekolaichuk Cheryl L. , Cumming Ceinwen , Turner Jill , Yushchyshyn Audrey , Sela Rami 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjective: One in three cancer patients will experience significant psychosocial distress, yet less than 10% will seek formal counseling. Who are the patients accessing counseling and what are their presenting needs? The purpose of this study was to identify referral patterns and psychosocial distress in cancer patients newly referred to a psycho‐oncology counseling service.Methods: Consecutive new referrals were tracked over 1 year (n=361). On initial visit, 145 patients completed a demographic survey, Brief Symptom Inventory‐18 (BSI‐18), Cancer Coping Questionnaire and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey.Results: Approximately one in five newly referred patients never attended counseling, with a significant representation of men (p=0.016) and lung cancer patients (p=0.010). Of 361 referrals, 295 patients attended initial counseling, 259 were approached, and 145/259 (56%) completed the survey. Most were women (79%), urban‐dwelling (73%), diagnosed with non‐advanced cancer (72%), well‐educated (68%) and married (56%); average age of 52 years (SD=12.3). Two most common diagnoses were breast (36%) and genitourinary (14%) cancers. A total of 59% were significantly distressed (BSI‐18 global severity index T‐score⩾63) with less available social support than non‐distressed patients (p=0.022). Coping strategy use did not differ significantly between distressed and non‐distressed groups. Two of five patients were not significantly distressed.Conclusions: Most cancer patients attending counseling are well‐educated urban residing women, with significant psychosocial distress. Further research is needed to better understand barriers and appropriate screening methods for accessing counseling, as well as the needs of men, advanced cancer patients, rural residents, and less well‐educated people. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermite Type Reactions of Different Metals with Iron‐Oxide and the Influence of Pressure
Authors: Weiser Volker , Roth Evelin , Raab Angelika , del Mar Juez‐Lorenzo Maria , Kelzenberg Stefan , Eisenreich Norbert 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThermite type reactions are usually used when high quantities of heat should safely be produced with low gas release. Stoichiometric samples of aluminium, magnesium and titanium particles in μm‐scale were mixed with iron(III) oxide and filled into small test tubes maintaining a constant bulk density. The metals were chosen regarding their heat release, melting and boiling point, the latter also important for the metal oxides. The samples were burnt in a window bomb pressurised from 0.1 to 13 MPa with nitrogen. The reaction was observed using a colour high‐speed camera equipped with a macro object lens and different fast scanning emission spectrometers in UV/Vis and NIR to determine burning velocity, emitting species and reaction temperatures. The residues were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and X‐ray diffractometry (XRD). The samples burnt in a reproducible way at a linear regression rate. A strong influence of pressure on the burning velocity and reaction zone temperatures was observed. The burning velocity varied by a factor of 3 forming a maximum at a certain pressure that is characteristic to the type of metal. In correlation, temperatures varied by several hundred Kelvin. Results were discussed regarding the decomposition, melting and boiling behaviour also including thermodynamic equilibrium calculations resulting in a qualitative two‐step model of interacting and reacting droplets.
Herbivore‐induced plant volatiles allow detection of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infestation on greenhouse tomato plants
Authors: Miresmailli Saber , Gries Regine , Gries Gerhard , Zamar Ruben H , Isman Murray B 
Published: May 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND: Monitoring of insect populations is an important component of integrated pest management and typically is based on the presence and number of insects in various development stages. Yet plants respond to insect herbivory and release herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which could be exploited in monitoring systems. The present objective was to investigate whether the information associated with HIPVs has potential to become part of advanced technologies for monitoring pest insect populations.RESULTS: In a laboratory experiment, it was determined that tomato plants, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. clarence, each infested with 20 caterpillars of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), emit HIPVs, of which (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, (E)‐β‐ocimene and β‐caryophyllene were selected as chemicals indicative of herbivory. Using an ultrafast portable gas chromatograph (zNose™) in a research greenhouse and in a commercial greenhouse, it was possible (i) to reveal differential emissions of these three indicator chemicals from plants with or without herbivory, (ii) to detect herbivory within 6 h of its onset, (iii) to track changes in indicator chemical emissions over time and (iv) to study the effect of environmental and crop‐maintenance‐related factors on the emission of indicator chemicals.CONCLUSION: HIPVs appear to be promising as reliable indicators of plant health, but further studies are needed to fully understand the potential of this concept. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Ab initio and DFT study of the electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of pyrene ligands and their cyclometalated complexes
Authors: Yang Bao‐Zhu , Zhou Xin , Liu Tao , Bai Fu‐Quan , Zhang Hong‐Xing 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTwo ligands 1‐diphenylphosphinopyrene (1‐PyP) (L1), 1,6‐bis(diphenylphosphino)‐pyrene (1,6‐PyP) (L2) and their cyclometalated complexes [Pt(dppm)(1‐PyP‐H)]+ (1), [Pt2(dppm)2(1,6‐PyP‐H2)]2+ (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (2), and [Pd(dppe)(1‐PyP‐H)+ (dppe = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) (3) are investigated theoretically to explore their electronic structures and spectroscopic properties. The ground‐ and excited‐state structures are optimized by the density functional theory (DFT) and single‐excitation configuration interaction method, respectively. At the time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) and B3LYP level, the absorption and emission spectra in solution are obtained. As revealed from the calculations, the lowest‐energy absorptions of 1 and 3 are attributed to the mixing ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (CT)/intraligand (IL)/ligand‐to‐ligand CT transitions, while that of 2 is attributed to the IL transition. The lowest‐energy phosphorescent emissions of the cyclometalated complexes are attributed to coming from the 3ILCT transitions. With the increase of the spin‐orbit coupling effect, the phosphorescence intensities and the emissions wavelength are correspondingly increased. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Theoretical study with vibration–rotation and dipole moment calculations of quartet states of the CrCl molecule
Authors: Hamdan A. , Korek M. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe potential energy curves have been investigated for the 10 lowest quartet electronic states in the 2s+1Λ± representation below 30,000 cm−1 of the molecule CrCl via CASSCF and MRCI (singly and doubly excitation with Davidson correction) calculations. The harmonic frequency ωe, the internuclear distance re, the rotational constant Be, the electronic energy with respect to the ground state Te, and the permanent dipole moment μ have been calculated. By using the canonical functions approach, the eigenvalues Ev, the rotational constant Bv, and the abscissas of the turning points rmin and rmax have been calculated for the considered electronic states up to the vibrational level v = 19. Seven electronic states have been studied here theoretically for the first time. The comparison of these values to the theoretical results available in the literature shows a good agreement. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Electronic structure and stability of C86 fullerene Isolated‐Pentagon‐Rule isomers
Authors: Khamatgalimov Ayrat R. , Kovalenko Valeri I. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractAll 19 Isolated‐Pentagon‐Rule isomers of fullerene C86 were investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods with B3LYP functional at 6‐31G, 6‐31G*, and 6‐31+G* levels. Preliminary distribution of single, double, and delocalized pi‐bonds in molecules of these isomers of fullerene C86 is fulfilled. Obtained results are perfectly supported by DFT quantum–chemical calculations of electronic and geometrical structures of these isomers. The main reason of instability of isomers 1, 3–15, 18, and 19 are phenalenyl‐radical substructures. Thus, there is a possibility to obtain them only as endohedral metallofullerenes or exohedral derivatives. Isomer 2 (C2) is unstable due to higher local molecular strain. It is shown that empty C86 may be produced and extracted only as isomers 16 (Cs) and 17 (C2). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Stable isotope ratios of carbon and hydrogen to distinguish olive oil from shark squalene‐squalane
Authors: Camin Federica , Bontempo Luana , Ziller Luca , Piangiolino Cristiana , Morchio Gianni 
Published: May 2010

AbstractSqualene and its hydrogenated derivate squalane are widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. The two compounds are mainly produced from the liver oil of deep sea sharks and from olive oil distillates. Squalene and squalane from shark cost less than the same compounds derived from olive oil, and the use of these shark‐derived compounds is unethical in cosmetic formulations. In this work we investigate whether 13C/12C and 2H/1H ratios can distinguish olive oil from shark squalene/squalane and can detect the presence of shark derivates in olive oil based products. The 13C/12C ratios (expressed as δ13C values) of bulk samples and of pure compounds measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) were significantly lower in authentic olive oil squalene/squalane (N: 13; −28.4 ± 0.5‰; −28.3 ± 0.8‰) than in shark squalene/squalane samples (N: 15; −20.5 ± 0.7‰; −20.4 ± 0.6‰). By defining δ13C threshold values of −27.4‰ and −26.6‰ for olive oil bulk and pure squalene/squalane, respectively, illegal addition of shark products can be identified starting from a minimum of 10%. 2H/1H analysis is not useful for distinguishing the two different origins.δ13C analysis is proposed as a suitable tool for detecting the authenticity of commercial olive oil squalene and squalane samples, using IRMS interfaced to an elemental analyser if the purity is higher than 80% and IRMS interfaced to a gas chromatography/combustion system for samples with lower purity, including solutions of squalane extracted from cosmetic products. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employing three ratio indices for ecological effect assessment of Manwan Dam construction in the Lancang River, China
Authors: Cui Baoshan , Hu Bo , Zhai Hongjuan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe Lancang River, located in the upper reach of the Mekong River, has attracted worldwide attention for the large‐scale development of hydropower on its main stream, In the paper, taking Manwan dam as a case study, we adopt emergy analysis method for three ratio indices, i.e. the emergy yield ratio (EYR), environmental loading ratio (ELR) and ecosystem index for sustainability (EIS), to analyse the beneficial contribution of dam construction and operation (DCP) to regional social system, and environmental pressure as well as sustainability of river ecosystem (reservoir area and downstream channel). Different from traditional researches, the loss for ecosystem service of terrestrial ecosystem around reservoir (STER) as a significant cost is integrated into holistic analysis for ecological effect of Manwan dam construction (DC). The result show that the emergy yield of river ecosystem after Manwan DC is equal to 4.58 × 1021 sej/yr, of which the majority is from electricity generation (4.52 × 1021 sej/yr), i.e. 98.7% of the total emergy yield. The gross emergy cost of the ecosystem in the Manwan reservoir area is 6.75 × 1020 sej/yr, with the primary one being derived from sediment deposition (3.72 × 1020 sej/yr), which accounts for 55.11% of the total emergy cost. The loss of STER (1.71 × 1020 sej/yr) follows and accounts for 25.33% of the total emergy cost. We conclude that no matter whether sediments and the loss of STER are included or not, EYR of present system after DC is higher than that of former system without DC, indicating that hydropower exploitation plays an important role in improvement of the emergy yield of regional system. However, the sediment deposition and loss of STER would result in a much higher environmental pressure (increased by 44.53 times) and a lower sustainability (the index decreased by 14.43 times) to the present system. Especially, this is an underestimated conclusion due to the limitation of data available without considering the emergy loss of ecological heritage and hydrological process as well as river continuum. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.