bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algebraic side‐channel attacks on Trivium stream cipher
Authors: Sun Wenlong , Guan Jie 
Published: May 2024

AbstractAlgebraic Side‐Channel Attacks (ASCAs), first proposed by Renauld and Standaert in 2009, are a potent cryptanalysis method against block ciphers. In this paper, the authors initially utilize ASCAs to analyze the security of the Trivium stream cipher, given its concise algebraic structure. Considering its efficiency in both hardware and software implementations, the authors deploy ASCAs to target Trivium implemented both in application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) under the Hamming Distance Leakage Model (HDLM) (noted as CASE 1) and in microcontrollers of various buses (i.e. some common 8‐bit, 16‐bit, and 32‐bit architectures, noted as CASE 2, CASE 3, and CASE 4, respectively) under the Hamming Weight Leakage Model (HWLM). Here, the authors’ attacks are conducted on power‐simulated targets and not on real devices. For a single power consumption trace without measurement errors, this paper presents experimental results using MiniSat 2.0. Unfortunately, the authors were unable to break the ASIC implementation of Trivium under HDLM (CASE 1) with a time complexity of 2109 s or so, which is worse than the exhaustive key attack. For CASEs 2 to 4, the authors can find the complete 288‐bit state of Trivium within a reasonable timeframe. Specially, the success rate can reach 100% with an average solving time of less than 1 s when only measuring the leakages of the first eight consecutive rounds for CASE 2. Furthermore, the authors can still successfully recover the internal state even when obtaining leakages of the first 41 rounds with a random loss rate. In fact, it can tolerate a 74% random loss rate for the first 223 rounds. With regard to the potential errors in the measurements, the authors mitigate them using Tolerant ASCA (TASCA). Similarly, CASE 1 cannot be compromised even in error‐free situations, while the authors can still successfully recover the internal state of CASEs 2 to 4 from a single power trace, even with a high error rate, including 100% incorrect measurements. Surprisingly, for CASEs 2 to 4, the authors can recover the internal state with a 100% success rate, regardless of the error rate. As a result, the security of Trivium will not be enhanced when transitioning from a smaller 8‐bit platform to a larger 32‐bit platform. In the end, the authors will consider some more abstract attack models. The results can provide us with additional insights into the security of Trivium from a different perspective.
A hierarchical coordinated control strategy of air‐conditioning loads for peak regulation service
Authors: Wang Wei , Lin Shunfu , Wang Lulu , Mi Yang , Tan Jin , Qian Liang , Li Dongdong , Li Fangxing 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe increased penetration of renewable energy sources and the intensification of peak‐valley differences present challenges to peak regulation in the power system. Fulfilling the peak regulation needs of the power system solely through generation‐side resources proves to be challenging. Large‐scale fixed frequency air‐conditioning (FFAC) and inverter air‐conditioning (IAC) are high‐quality flexible load resources. This paper proposes a hierarchical coordinated control strategy of air‐conditioning (AC) loads for peak regulation service. In the first layer of the control strategy, the load aggregator collaborates with multiple AC groups to ensure the completion of peak regulation tasks with specific power‐constrained requirements. In the second layer of the control strategy, the control centre of each group optimizes the temperature adjustment values for each AC load, aiming to reduce incentive costs. Finally, the proposed method is validated through simulations, demonstrating its capability to achieve coordinated control of FFAC and IAC loads under various power‐constrained requirements. Furthermore, the simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the control strategy in reducing user discomfort and the AC's incentive costs.
Substanzkonsum im sexuellen Kontext („Chemsex“) bei Männern, die Sex
mit Männern haben – Ergebnisse des „German-Chemsex-Survey“
Authors: Deimel Daniel , Bohn Annette , Sander Dirk , Scherbaum Norbert , Schecke Henrike 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Sexualisierter Substanzkonsum beschreibt den Konsum von
psychotropen Substanzen zum Sex. Als spezifische Variante gilt „Chemsex“, der
mit Männern, die Sex mit Männern haben (MSM), und Substanzen wie
Methamphetamin, Mephedron, GHB/GBL und Ketamin assoziiert ist. Sexualisierter
Substanzkonsum kann mit multiplen negativen physischen, psychischen und sozialen
Folgen einhergehen. Zur Veränderungsmotivation und Inanspruchnahme des
Suchthilfesystems von MSM mit sexualisiertem Substanzkonsum ist wenig bekannt.
Das Ziel der Studie war es, die Gruppe der Chemsex-Konsumenten näher zu
beschreiben, deren Konsummotive und Konsumkontexte sowie die
Veränderungsmotivation der MSM in Bezug auf den Substanzkonsum abzubilden und
deren Inanspruchnahme von Hilfeleistungen auszuführen.
Methodik Im „German Chemsex Survey“ wurde online eine Stichprobe von MSM
(N=1583) befragt. Die Umfrage umfasste 420 Items zu Substanzkonsum im sexuellen
Kontext, Konsummotiven, Aspekten psychischer Gesundheit, sexuell übertragbaren
Infektionen, negativen psychosozialen Folgen von „Chemsex“, und
Schadensminimierungsstrategien. Zudem wurden die Veränderungsmotivation sowie
die Inanspruchnahme von psychosozialen Hilfsangeboten erfragt.
Ergebnisse 54,3% der Männer gab an, Substanzen im Zusammenhang von
Sexualität konsumiert zu haben, 28,5% berichteten von typischen Chemsex
Substanzen. Die 30-Tage-Prävalenz für Chemsex-Substanzen betrug: 14,4% für
GHB/GBL, 11,2% für Ketamin, 8,2% für Methamphetamin und 6,1% für Mephedron. Die
Prävalenz von HIV lag bei 24,6% und für Hepatitis C bei 1,6%. Ein Drittel bis
die Hälfte der Konsumenten äußerten einen Veränderungswunsch bezüglich ihres
Konsums, 9,3% äußerten professionellen Unterstützungsbedarf. Lediglich ein
Prozent nahm aktuell Angebote der Suchthilfe in Anspruch.
Schlussfolgerung Ein Drittel bis die Hälfte der Befragten gab an, dass sie
eine Veränderung des Substanzkonsums im sexuellen Kontext anstreben. Die geringe
Nutzung von Suchthilfeangeboten spricht für eine Versorgungslücke für MSM mit
sexualisiertem Substanzkonsum.
Erfolgreiche chirurgische Exzision eines Melanoms und eines seltenen
peripheren Nervenscheidentumors bei 2 Rindern
Authors: Schrenk Marie-Theres , Wenzel Christoph , Jäger Kathrin 
Published: May 2024

ZusammenfassungEin Jungrind und eine Milchkuh wurden in unserer Praxis mit im Durchmesser ca. 20
cm großen Umfangsvermehrungen, die sich jeweils an der linken Halsseite
befanden, vorgestellt. Beide Geschwulste hatten in den letzten Wochen an Umfang
zugenommen und es bestand die Gefahr, dass es zu Verletzungen durch die
Stalleinrichtungen kommt. Beide Tierhalter stimmten einer chirurgischen
Entfernung, die unter Sedation und Lokalanästhesie auf einem Kippstand für
Rinder durchgeführt wurde, zu. Die anschließenden histopathologischen
Untersuchungen der Exstirpate ergaben bei dem Jungrind ein Melanozytom und bei
der Milchkuh einen kutanen Nervenscheidentumor. In beiden Fällen handelte es
sich um gutartige Tumore. Der postoperative Verlauf war komplikationslos und
auch über ein Jahr später konnten keine Rezidive beobachtet werden. Bei
verwandten Tieren und bei später geborenen Kälbern konnten solche Tumore nicht
festgestellt werden.
Akute Vergiftungen bei Hunden – Falluntersuchung über einen Zeitraum
von 5 Jahren
Authors: Markert Carina , Heilmann Romy M. , Kiwitz Dschaniena , Raum Tobias , Dörfelt René 
Published: May 2024

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war die Analyse der
klinischen Symptome bei nachgewiesenen oder vermuteten Vergiftungen sowie deren
Behandlungen und klinischen Verläufen bei Hunden, die über einen Zeitraum von 5
Jahren in der Notaufnahme einer überregionalen Kleintierklinik vorgestellt
wurden.
Material und Methoden Die Krankenakten von 634 Hunden wurden mit Hinblick
auf eine bestätigte oder vermutete Vergiftung, die entsprechenden klinischen
Symptome, Behandlung sowie den klinischen Verlauf und Ausgang ausgewertet. Die
Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Vergiftung wurde anhand der Anamnese, der klinischen
Befunde, der Beobachtung der Giftstoffaufnahme, der toxikologischen Untersuchung
und – in einigen Fällen – der Ingesta im Gastrointestinaltrakt eingestuft.
Ergebnisse Die meisten Hunde wurden stationär aufgenommen (77%) aufgrund
von Vergiftungen mit meist unbekannten Giftstoffen (33%), Speiseresten (18%),
Rodentiziden (10%), tremorgenen Mykotoxinen (8%), Medikamenten (7%) und
verschiedenen Pflanzen (7%), gefolgt von Partydrogen (4%), Chemikalien (4%),
Molluskiziden (3%), Antiparasitika (2%), Ausscheidungen (2%), Nüssen (2%) oder
tierischen Toxinen (1%). Die Patienten wurden überwiegend mit neurologischen
Symptomen (56%), reduziertem Allgemeinzustand (39%) und Störungen des
Herz-Kreislauf-Systems oder Hydratationsstatus (26%) vorgestellt. Die
Überlebensrate betrug 97%. Die meisten Hunde wurden klinisch unauffällig (70%)
entlassen. Bei weiteren Überlebenden (18%) traten bis zum Entlassungszeitpunkt
keine offensichtlichen Komplikationen auf. Komplikationen in Verbindung mit der
Vergiftung (20,5%) beinhalteten Blutungen (4%), Leber- (4%) und Nierenschäden
(4%), respiratorische (3%) oder gastrointestinale (3%), kardiovaskuläre (3%) und
zentralnervöse (3%) Störungen oder klinisch relevante Hypoglykämien (0,3%).
Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz In der vorliegenden Studie blieb
der ursächliche Giftstoff in vielen Fällen unerkannt. Bei den bekannten
Vergiftungen handelte es sich zumeist um Vergiftungen in Verbindung mit der
Aufnahme von Speiseresten. Neurologische Symptome waren am häufigsten. Im
Vergleich zu anderen Studien war die Überlebensrate (97%) hoch.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor on “Prolactin is a Key Factor for
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children”
Authors: Zhang Jianwei 
Published: May 2024

Dear Editor,The authors thank the writers 1 of the
letter for reviewing and assessing our article 2, “Prolactin is a Key Factor for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in
Obese Children”. Overall, we agree that possible selection bias must be considered.
However, in clinical studies, we found that hyperprolactinemia is mainly caused by
pathological and idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. The former includes hypothalamic
pituitary lesions (pituitary prolactinoma and empty sella syndrome, etc.), systemic
diseases (hypothyroidism, etc.), tumor secretion (ovarian teratoma, etc.), trauma
(chest wall trauma, etc.), surgery (artificial abortion, etc.), and drug side
effects (antipsychotics, antidepressants, etc.).
Statistical Experimental Designs for cLTB-Syn Vaccine Production Using Daucus carota Cell Suspension Cultures
Authors: Carreño-Campos Christian , Villegas Elba , Villarreal María Luisa , Morales-Aguilar Mónica , Govea-Alonso Dania , Romero-Maldonado Andrea , Jimenez-Capdeville María E. , Rosales-Mendoza Sergio , Ortiz-Caltempa Anabel 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe carrot-made LTB-Syn antigen (cLTB-Syn) is a vaccine candidate against synucleinopathies based on carrot cells expressing the target antigen LTB and syn epitopes. Therefore, the development of an efficient production process is required with media culture optimization to increase the production yields as the main goal. In this study, the effect of two nitrogen sources (urea and glutamate) on callus cultures producing cLTB-Syn was studied, observing that the addition of 17 mM urea to MS medium favored the biomass yield. To optimize the MS media composition, the influence of seven medium components on biomass and cLTB-Syn production was first evaluated by a Plackett–Burman design (PBD). Then, three factors were further analyzed using a central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The results showed a 1.2-fold improvement in biomass, and a 4.5-fold improvement in cLTB-Syn production was achieved at the shake-flask scale. At the bioreactor scale,
there was a 1.5-fold increase in biomass and a 2.8-fold increase in cLTB-Syn yield compared with the standard MS medium. Moreover, the cLTB-Syn vaccine induced humoral responses in BALB/c mice subjected to either oral or subcutaneous immunization. Therefore, cLTB-Syn is a promising vaccine candidate that will aid in developing immunotherapeutic strategies to combat PD and other neurodegenerative diseases without the need for cold storage, making it a financially viable option for massive immunization.
Precision Rhinoplasty Cylindric Burrs—Sidewall Aesthetics
Authors: Ilhan Emre , Arancibia-Tagle Diego , Özay Hüseyin , Carlos Neves Jose 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe development of power instruments has led to great advances in rhinoplasty. It has helped to reduce operating time, minimize damage to the surrounding soft tissues, and allow precision bony modification compared with the use of manual rasps. Burrs help ensure precise results by (i) creating a smooth transition between the lateral nasal sidewall and the face, (ii) treating bony asymmetries, and (iii) producing homogeneous upper and middle thirds that softy translate into the upper lateral cartilages. The aim of this paper is to show applications of cylindrical burrs in rhinoplasty surgery to treat the dorsal upper and middle thirds as well as lateral sidewalls of the nose, regardless of whether the dorsal preservation or structure technique is used. This approach offers a safe, fast, and precise technique that can be used in conjunction with piezo osteotomy to obtain the optimal outcomes.
Cool-Shot Technique to Protect Spinal Cord during Thoracoabdominal Aortic Replacement
Authors: Yamamoto Taira , Endo Daisuke , Yokoyama Yasutaka , Tabata Minoru 
Published: May 2024

AbstractDeep hypothermia helps protect the spinal cord, but is invasive. Here, we present a method to avoid reperfusion injury by selectively circulating cold blood under high pressure to the intercostal artery during reperfusion after intercostal artery reconstruction. Of the 23 patients who underwent thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm open repair, one died. The motor evoked potential disappeared during aortic clamping in nine patients. Six patients recovered completely from aortic clamping release, two showed recovery >50% and one achieved full recovery 3 months later. Permanent motor impairment did not occur. This method could prevent reperfusion injury and paraplegia following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.
Gas–Liquid Microchemical Oxidation for Continuous Synthesis Processes: A Short Review
Authors: Chang Yu , Xing Yuyang , Yan Zifei , Luo Guangsheng , Deng Jian 
Published: May 2024

AbstractGas–liquid oxidation processes, despite their wide application in the chemical industry, still pose considerable safety concerns. Microchemical technology has received high recognition for its intrinsic safety performance and process-intensification capability in hazardous reactions. This Short Review offers a comprehensive summary on how microchemical technology can be employed to achieve gas–liquid oxidation processes for continuous synthesis of chemicals in a safe, efficient, and controlled manner. Herein, we discuss the key aspects of gas–liquid dispersion and hydrodynamics, as well as mass transfer characteristics on microscale, and present representative gas–liquid oxidation cases in microflow reactors. Finally, the current challenges in industrial applications and potential academic research directions are presented.1	Introduction2	Microbubble Generation Technology for Gas–Liquid Oxidation Reactions3	Hydrodynamic and Mass-Transfer Characteristics of Gas–Liquid Oxidation Microreactors4	Gas–Liquid Oxidation Reactions in Microreactors5	Conclusion and Outlook
Mechanical Testing of Sliding on Pivot-Locking Clamp (SOP-LC) Fracture Repair System in Four-Point Bending and Torsion
Authors: Miller Angel 
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Objectives The first objective of this study was to compare the mechanical performance of a straight and contoured rod for the sliding on pivot-locking clamp (SOP-LC) system. The second objective was to compare single-cycle bending and torsion of the SOP-LC rod-bone constructs to a bone gap model between two clamp configurations.
Study Design First experiment, 5 mm diameter rods from the 3.5 mm SOP-LC system, 4 straight and 4 bent rods were mechanically compared in four-point bending. The second experiment, 8 constructs with clamps on a single side of the rod and 8 constructs with clamps on alternating sides were compared in four-point bending and torsion. A torque limiting screwdriver at 2.5N was used for all constructs.
Results There were not significant differences between the noncontoured versus contoured rods. Constructs with clamps on a single side had a significantly higher yield load, yield displacement and bending strength, but the constructs with alternating clamps had a significantly higher initial torsional stiffness. There were no other significant differences. Mild clamp slippage and mild screw bending were noted in all the torsion tested constructs graphically with multiple stiffness slopes and visually on the post-tested constructs.
Conclusion Torque applied to initial screw placement may play a role in reducing clamp slippage. Although bending yield load, bending yield displacement, bending strength and torsional stiffness were improved by different clamp placement, clinically this will depend on fracture type. Further studies are needed for clinical significance.
Quality Assessment and Comparison of 3D-Printed and Milled Zirconia Anterior Crowns and Veneers: In Vitro Pilot Study
Authors: Kalman Les , Tribst João Paulo Mendes 
Published: May 2024

AbstractThe esthetic rehabilitation of a patient is a demanding yet rewarding procedure, improving the form, function, and well-being of a patient. Three-dimensional (3D) printed, or additive manufactured, zirconia has recently entered the dental space, but without a thorough assessment or comparison. This pilot study utilized digital impressions of two demonstration casts: Cast 1 prepared both central incisors for full ceramic crown coverage, while cast 2 had a lateral incisor (#22) prepared for a ceramic veneer. Both casts underwent digital scanning (Straumann CARES 3, Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) to create virtual STL models. Cast 1 had two full zirconia anterior crowns digitally designed, and Cast 2 had a zirconia veneer digitally designed, using Exocad GmbH software by a certified dental technician at Schulich Dentistry. The STL files were used for fabricating six milled zirconia crowns for central incisor (#21) and six 3D-printed zirconia crowns for the other central incisor (#11). Similarly, for Cast 2, milled and 3D-printed zirconia veneers were made for the prepared lateral incisor (#22). Statistical analysis employed Minitab 16.1.0 software to construct a 2 × 2 table for cross-tabulation and chi-squared analysis. This statistical approach assessed the relationship between restoration design and processing method. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test evaluated categorical variables considering different classification variables. Milled restorations showed minor variations, while 3D-printed units displayed consistency. Statistical tests found no significant associations. This in vitro study suggests 3D-printed zirconia for crowns and veneers meets precementation standards akin to conventionally milled restorations. Further research can assess its potential benefits for dentistry's efficiency, cost, and sustainability.
Exoscopic Minimally Invasive Excision of Intradural Extramedullary Tumor
Authors: Sahana Debabrata , Rathore Lavlesh , Kumar Sanjeev , Sahu Rajiv K. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractSpinal tumors extending up to two levels can be removed using minimally invasive techniques. A microscope is traditionally used as a visualization tool with the tubular-retractor system. An exoscope is a newer optical tool with improved digital resolution, panoramic view, and better ergonomics for surgery. A 36-year-old who presented with paraparesis was diagnosed with intradural extramedullary tumor in the T7-T8 region. A complete tumor resection was possible using tubular retractors and exoscope. The patient recovered clinically. We document our surgical experience and present an edited video of the surgery. The key steps and nuances are described in the audio timeline. The authors acknowledge the feasibility of performing this surgery via a minimally invasive method using an exoscope.
Hinge Craniotomy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Surgical Technique
Authors: Jain Chirag , Devi Bhagavatula Indira , Bhat Dhananjaya I. , Shukla Dhaval , Konar Subhas 
Published: May 2024

AbstractHinge craniotomy has been described as an alternative to decompressive craniectomy for the control of intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury and stroke. In this study, the authors highlight critical steps in performing a hinge craniotomy and present a clinical case of a patient with traumatic brain injury.
CORE High-SMAS Extended Deep Plane Facelift Technique: How it Evolved
Authors: Wever Capi C. 
Published: May 2024

AbstractExtended deep plane techniques have become the benchmark of facelift surgery. Yet these techniques assume release of the medial most of zygomatic retaining ligaments, which makes them rather complex and highly dependent on training and experience. In this article, we will review and describe the adapted extended high-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) approach of the author and discuss the obstacles that can be encountered mastering this technique.
Cerclage Plus Adjuvant Vaginal Progesterone for Preterm Birth Prevention in Patients with a Short or Dilated Cervix without Prior Preterm Birth
Authors: Hart Jessica M. , Macharia Annliz , Modest Anna M. , Johnson Katherine M. , Lauring Julianne , Nicasio Erica , Hacker Michele R. , Spiel Melissa H. 
Published: May 2024

Objective The primary objective was to determine if vaginal progesterone following cerclage for cervical length <10 mm or cervical dilation in patients without a history of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) decreased the risk of preterm birth at <34 weeks' gestation compared with cerclage alone. Secondary objectives were to determine if vaginal progesterone following cerclage (1) decreased the risk of preterm birth at <24, <28, and <37 weeks' gestation and (2) increased the latency period from cerclage placement to delivery compared with treatment with cerclage alone.
Study Design Multicenter retrospective cohort study from 2015 to 2020 of singleton pregnancies, without prior sPTB, who had cerclage placement <24 weeks' gestation for cervical length <10 mm or cervical dilation. Exposure defined as cerclage plus vaginal progesterone postoperatively (dual therapy) and unexposed as cerclage alone (monotherapy), based on surgeon preference.
Results We included 122 patients, 78 (64%) treated with dual therapy and 44 (36%) treated with monotherapy. In the crude analysis, dual therapy was associated with a lower risk of delivery at <28 weeks' gestation (13%) compared with monotherapy (34%; crude risk ratio: 0.38 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19–0.75]). When adjusted for preoperative vaginal progesterone, results were attenuated (adjusted risk ratio: 0.45 [95% CI: 0.20–1.01]). In both the crude and adjusted analyses, the risk of sPTB was not statistically different at <24, <34 or <37 weeks' gestation. Dual therapy was associated with a greater pregnancy latency from cerclage to delivery (16.3 vs. 14.4 weeks; p = 0.04), and greater gestational age at delivery (37.3 vs. 35.8 weeks' gestation; p = 0.02) compared with monotherapy.
Conclusion While not statistically significant, the risk of sPTB was lower at all gestational ages studied in patients treated with dual therapy compared with monotherapy. Dual therapy was associated with longer pregnancy latency and greater gestational age at delivery compared with monotherapy.
Key Points