bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis with a spectrum of clinical and histopathological presentation: a disorder of aberrant dermal remodeling
Authors: Deng A. , Martin D. Bilu , Spillane A. , Chwalek J. , Surin‐Lord S. , Brooks Sara , Petrali John , Sina B. , Gaspari A. , Kao G. 
Published: April 2009

Background: Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD) has emerged as a clinicopathologic entity since 1997 and recently renamed as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). The etiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain. Characteristic clinical presentation is described as diffuse thickening and hardening of the skin occurring in patients with renal insufficiency. Typical histological features include proliferation of CD34 positive fibrocytes, increased thick collagen bundles and mucin deposition, without significant inflammatory infiltrate. Variations in clinical presentations have been reported, including papular and plaque‐like skin lesions, focal lesion only, as well as systemic involvement. Histological changes can be subtle and non‐specific, overlapping with other disease processes and harboring features including calcification and osteoclast‐like giant cells with osseous metaplasia. Methods: We reviewed patients with NSF that presented to our dermatology clinic by chart review, clinical examination and histological examination. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from all cases. Histopathology evaluations were carried out by three dermatopathologists (AD, BS and GK) independently and the features were compared among all the cases. Special stains and immunohistochemistry study were also performed to highlight the histological features. Results: Seven cases of NSF presented with a spectrum of clinical manifestations, from classic diffuse hardening of the skin to localized linear plaques. On histological examination, proliferation of CD34‐positive fibrocytes ranged from sparse to dense, collagen bundles ranged from thin to thick, and the interstitial dermal mucin accumulation ranged from scant‐patchy to abundant. In addition, the lesion displayed various degrees of vascular proliferation, inflammatory infiltrates and intensities of CD68 and Factor XIIIa staining. Two cases showed extensive dermal calcification and ossification. Conclusion: NSF may present with a spectrum of clinical abnormalities, and exhibit overlapping histopathological features resembling cicatrix and other dermal reparative/regenerative processes. NSF may in fact to be a disorder of aberrant extracellular matrix remodeling in patients with renal insufficiency.Deng A, Bilu Martin D, Spillane A, Chwalek J, St. Surin‐Lord S, Brooks S, Petrali J, Sina B, Gaspari A, Kao G. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis with a spectrum of clinical and histopathological presentation: a disorder of aberrant dermal remodeling.
COMBINING GEOSTATISTICS AND MULTI‐ATTRIBUTE TRANSFORMS: A CHANNEL SAND CASE STUDY, BLACKFOOT OILFIELD (ALBERTA)
Authors: Russell B. , Hampson D. , Todorov T. , Lines L. 
Published: April 2009

In this paper, we combine the methods of geostatistics and multi‐attribute reservoir parameter prediction (the multi‐attribute transform) for the integration of seismic and well log data, and illustrate this new procedure with a case study involving the prediction of porosity at the Blackfoot oilfield, central Alberta. The objectives of the survey were to delineate incised, valley‐fill sediments within the Early Cretaceous Glauconitic Formation at this field and to distinguish between sand‐fill and shale‐fill. The input consisted of twelve porosity logs together with a 3D seismic volume and the inversion of this volume. Although an excellent correlation was found between porosity and the initial inverted acoustic impedance volume, the combination of traditional geostatistics and the multi‐attribute transform produced an improved final result.Our approach uses well logs to “train” the multi‐attribute transform algorithm. We first extract average porosity values over the depth zone of interest, and compare these values to average seismic attributes over the same zone. Cross‐validation is used to show which attributes are significant. We then apply the results of the training and cross‐validation to data slices derived from both the seismic data cube and the inverted cube to produce an initial porosity map. Finally, we improve the fit between the well‐log values and the porosity map using cokriging.
High Incidence of Protein-Truncating TP53 Mutations in BRCA1-Related Breast Cancer
Authors: Holstege Henne , Joosse Simon A. , van Oostrom Conny Th. M. , Nederlof Petra M. , de Vries Annemieke , Jonkers Jos 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Approximately half of all hereditary breast cancers are compromised in their DNA repair mechanisms due to loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2 function. Previous research has found a strong correlation between BRCA mutation and TP53 mutation. However, TP53 mutation status is often indirectly assessed by immunohistochemical staining of accumulated p53 protein. We sequenced TP53 exons 2 to 9 in 21 BRCA1-related breast cancers and 37 sporadic breast tumors. Strikingly, all BRCA1-related breast tumors contained TP53 mutations, whereas only half of these tumors stained positive for p53 accumulation. Positive p53 staining correlates with the presence of TP53 hotspot mutations in both BRCA1-related and sporadic breast tumors. However, whereas the majority of sporadic breast tumors that stained negative for p53 accumulation had wild-type TP53, the majority of BRCA1-associated breast tumors that stained negative for p53 accumulation had protein-truncating TP53 mutations (nonsense, frameshift, and splice mutations). Therefore, the strong selection for p53 loss in BRCA1-related tumors is achieved by an increase of protein-truncating TP53 mutations rather than hotspot mutations. Hence, immunohistochemical detection of TP53 mutation could lead to misdiagnosis in approximately half of all BRCA1-related tumors. The presence of deleterious TP53 mutations in most, if not all, BRCA1-related breast cancers suggests that p53 loss of function is essential for BRCA1-associated tumorigenesis. BRCA1-related tumors may therefore be treated not only with drugs that target BRCA1 deficiency [e.g., poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors] but also with drugs that selectively target p53-deficient cells. This raises interesting possibilities for combination therapies against BRCA1-deficient breast cancers and BRCA1-like tumors with homologous recombination deficiency. [Cancer Res 2009;69(8):3625–33]
Credentialing a Preclinical Mouse Model of Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Nishijo Koichi , Chen Qing-Rong , Zhang Lei , McCleish Amanda T. , Rodriguez Andrea , Cho Min Jung , Prajapati Suresh I. , Gelfond Jonathan A.L. , Chisholm Gary B. , Michalek Joel E. , Aronow Bruce J. , Barr Frederic G. , Randall R. Lor , Ladanyi Marc , Qualman Stephen J. , Rubin Brian P. , LeGallo Robin D. , Wang Chiayeng , Khan Javed , Keller Charles 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
The highly aggressive muscle cancer alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood, yet the outcome for the unresectable and metastatic disease is dismal and unchanged for nearly three decades. To better understand the pathogenesis of this disease and to facilitate novel preclinical approaches, we previously developed a conditional mouse model of ARMS by faithfully recapitulating the genetic mutations observed in the human disease, i.e., activation of Pax3:Fkhr fusion gene with either p53 or Cdkn2a inactivation. In this report, we show that this model recapitulates the immunohistochemical profile and the rapid progression of the human disease. We show that Pax3:Fkhr expression increases during late preneoplasia but tumor cells undergoing metastasis are under apparent selection for Pax3:Fkhr expression. At a whole-genome level, a cross-species gene set enrichment analysis and metagene projection study showed that our mouse model is most similar to human ARMS when compared with other pediatric cancers. We have defined an expression profile conserved between mouse and human ARMS, as well as a Pax3:Fkhr signature, including the target gene, SKP2. We further identified 7 “druggable” kinases overexpressed across species. The data affirm the accuracy of this genetically engineered mouse model. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):2902–11]
Twist1-Mediated Adriamycin-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Relates to Multidrug Resistance and Invasive Potential in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Li Qing-Quan , Xu Jing-Da , Wang Wen-Juan , Cao Xi-Xi , Chen Qi , Tang Feng , Chen Zhong-Qing , Liu Xiu-Ping , Xu Zu-De 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Purpose: Besides its therapeutic effects, chemotherapeutic agents also enhance the malignancy of treated cancers in clinical situations. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has attracted attention in studies of tumor progression. We aimed to test whether transient Adriamycin treatment induces EMT and apoptosis simultaneously in cancer cells, clarify why the same type of cells responds differentially (i.e., apoptosis, EMT) to Adriamycin treatment, and elucidate the role of Twist1, the master regulator of EMT, in this process.
Experimental Design: In unsynchronized MCF7 cells or cells synchronized at different phases, apoptosis, EMT, and concurrent events [multidrug resistance (MDR) and tumor invasion] after Adriamycin or/and Twist1 small interfering RNA treatment were examined in vitro and in vivo. The Adriamycin-induced Twist1 expression and the interaction of Twist1 with p53-Mdm2 were examined by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation, respectively.
Results: We showed in vitro that Adriamycin induced EMT and apoptosis simultaneously in a cell cycle–dependent manner. Only the cells undergoing EMT displayed enhanced invasion and MDR. Twist1 depletion completely blocked the mesenchymal transformation, partially reversed MDR, and greatly abolished invasion induced by Adriamycin. Also, we confirmed in vivo that Twist1 RNA interference improved the efficacy of Adriamycin for breast cancers. Further, Twist1 reduction in Adriamycin-treated cells promoted p53-dependent p21 induction and disrupted the association of p53 with Mdm2.
Conclusions: Our studies show the diverse responses to Adriamycin treatment in cells at different phases, suggest an unrecognized role of EMT in regulating MDR and invasion, and show the efficacy of Twist1 RNA interference in Adriamycin-based chemotherapies for breast cancer.
An Uighur Version of Vāgbhata's Astāngahrdayasamhitā
Authors: Maue Dieter 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThe Astāngahrdayasamhitā (AHS), one of the most important works on Old Indian medicine (āyurveda), is unattested in Central Asia. Several fragments of the Berlin Turfan collection, however, can be attributed to an Uighur translation. They are edited, translated, commented on and provided with glossaries. Special attention is paid to the translation technique.
Resonant Wave Interactions in the Presence of a Diurnally Varying Heat Source
Authors: Raupp Carlos F. M. , Silva Dias Pedro L. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Resonant interactions among equatorial waves in the presence of a diurnally varying heat source are studied in the context of the diabatic version of the equatorial β-plane primitive equations for a motionless, hydrostatic, horizontally homogeneous and stably stratified background atmosphere. The heat source is assumed to be periodic in time and of small amplitude [i.e., O(ɛ)] and is prescribed to roughly represent the typical heating associated with deep convection in the tropical atmosphere. In this context, using the asymptotic method of multiple time scales, the free linear Rossby, Kelvin, mixed Rossby–gravity, and inertio-gravity waves, as well as their vertical structures, are obtained as leading-order solutions. These waves are shown to interact resonantly in a triad configuration at the O(ɛ) approximation, and the dynamics of these interactions have been studied in the presence of the forcing.
It is shown that for the planetary-scale wave resonant triads composed of two first baroclinic equatorially trapped waves and one barotropic Rossby mode, the spectrum of the thermal forcing is such that only one of the triad components is resonant with the heat source. As a result, to illustrate the role of the diurnal forcing in these interactions in a simplified fashion, two kinds of triads have been analyzed. The first one refers to triads composed of a k = 0 first baroclinic geostrophic mode, which is resonant with the stationary component of the diurnal heat source, and two dispersive modes, namely, a mixed Rossby–gravity wave and a barotropic Rossby mode. The other class corresponds to triads composed of two first baroclinic inertio-gravity waves in which the highest-frequency wave resonates with a transient harmonic of the forcing. The integration of the asymptotic reduced equations for these selected resonant triads shows that the stationary component of the diurnal heat source acts as an “accelerator” for the energy exchanges between the two dispersive waves through the excitation of the catalyst geostrophic mode. On the other hand, since in the second class of triads the mode that resonates with the forcing is the most energetically active member because of the energy constraints imposed by the triad dynamics, the results show that the convective forcing in this case is responsible for a longer time scale modulation in the resonant interactions, generating a period doubling in the energy exchanges. The results suggest that the diurnal variation of tropical convection might play an important role in generating low-frequency fluctuations in the atmospheric circulation through resonant nonlinear interactions.
The Contribution of Mesoscale Convective Complexes to Rainfall across Subtropical South America
Authors: Durkee Joshua D. , Mote Thomas L. , Shepherd J. Marshall 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis study uses a database consisting of 330 austral warm-season (October–May) mesoscale convective complexes (MCCs) during 1998–2007 to determine the contribution of MCCs to rainfall across subtropical South America (SSA). A unique precipitation analysis is conducted using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 version 6 data. The average MCC produces 15.7 mm of rainfall across 381 000 km2, with a volume of 7.0 km3. MCCs in SSA have the largest precipitation areas compared to North American and African systems. MCCs accounted for 15%–21% of the total rainfall across portions of northern Argentina and Paraguay during 1998–2007. However, MCCs account for larger fractions of the total precipitation when analyzed on monthly and warm-season time scales. Widespread MCC rainfall contributions of 11%–20% were observed in all months. MCCs accounted for 20%–30% of the total rainfall between November and February, and 30%–50% in December, primarily across northern Argentina and Paraguay. MCCs also produced 25%–66% of the total rainfall across portions of west-central Argentina. Similar MCC rainfall contributions were observed during warm seasons. An MCC impact factor (MIF) was developed to determine the overall impact of MCC rainfall on warm-season precipitation anomalies. Results show that the greatest impacts on precipitation anomalies from MCC rainfall were located near the center of the La Plata basin. This study demonstrates that MCCs in SSA produce widespread precipitation that contributes substantially to the total rainfall across the region.
A Time Series of Agulhas Undercurrent Transport
Authors: Beal Lisa M. 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
A 550-day record of Agulhas Undercurrent transport between March 2003 and August 2004 is constructed from five deep moorings placed on the continental shelf off South Africa at nominally 32°S. The vertical and lateral scales of the undercurrent are estimated to be 2000 m and 40 km, respectively, using the average of seven direct velocity sections, predominantly taken in austral autumn over a 10-yr period from 1995 to 2005. Peak speeds in the undercurrent are some of the greatest ever seen at depth: over 90 cm s−1 at 1400 m. The undercurrent has a transport of 4.2 ± 5.2 Sv (1 Sv = 1 × 106 m3 s−1), in close agreement with a previous estimate from a single current meter record during 1995 of 4.2 ± 2.9 Sv. Records below 1800 m, within the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) layer of the undercurrent, show a higher level of coherence and less variance than those at intermediate depths. On average, 2.3 ± 3.0 Sv of NADW is carried northeastward within the undercurrent, an amount similar to that estimated previously by analyses of deep water mass characteristics around South Africa.
Short-term variability in the undercurrent peaks at the semidiurnal period, at a local shear-adjusted inertial period (21.6 h), and at 4.5, 6.5, and 9.5 days. The latter may be associated with topographic Rossby waves, although no evidence for enhanced onshore velocities was found at these periods. The variability of the undercurrent is highly topographically controlled, strongly aligned in the along-stream direction, with significant variance in cross-stream velocity only at 2-day periods or less and isotropic variance only at the (effective) inertial period. For the mesoscale, the deeper current meters within the NADW layer all exhibit broad peaks at 50–60 days, which matches the periodicity of solitary meanders of the Agulhas Current (so-called Natal pulses) presented previously in the literature. The results of this study demonstrate that these meanders are highly barotropic in nature.
Verification of NWP Model Analyses and Radiosonde Humidity Data with GPS Precipitable Water Vapor Estimates during AMMA
Authors: Bock O. , Nuret M. 
Published: April 2009

AbstractThis paper assesses the performance of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts-Integrated Forecast System (ECMWF-IFS) operational analysis and NCEP–NCAR reanalyses I and II over West Africa, using precipitable water vapor (PWV) retrievals from a network of ground-based GPS receivers operated during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA). The model analyses show reasonable agreement with GPS PWV from 5-daily to monthly means. Errors increase at shorter time scales, indicating that these global NWP models have difficulty in handling the diurnal cycle and moist processes at the synoptic scale. The ECMWF-IFS analysis shows better agreement with GPS PWV than do the NCEP–NCAR reanalyses (the RMS error is smaller by a factor of 2). The model changes in ECMWF-IFS were not clearly reflected in the PWV error over the period of study (2005–08). Radiosonde humidity biases are diagnosed compared to GPS PWV. The impacts of these biases are evidenced in all three model analyses at the level of the diurnal cycle. The results point to a dry bias in the ECMWF analysis in 2006 when Vaisala RS80-A soundings were assimilated, and a diurnally varying bias when Vaisala RS92 or Modem M2K2 soundings were assimilated: dry during day and wet during night. The overall bias is offset to wetter values in NCEP–NCAR reanalysis II, but the diurnal variation of the bias is observed too. Radiosonde bias correction is necessary to reduce NWP model analysis humidity biases and improve precipitation forecast skill. The study points to a wet bias in the Vaisala RS92 data at nighttime and suggests that caution be used when establishing a bias correction scheme.
Epidemiological Aspects of Childhood Poisonings in Ankara: A 10-Year Survey
Authors: Hincal F. , Hincal A.A. , Müftü Y. , Sarikayalar F. , Özer Y. , Çevik N. , Kinik E. 
Published: April 2009

1 In the 10-year period 1975-1984, 1188 children were admitted to the Children's Hospital of Hacettepe University in Ankara with a diagnosis of poisoning. 2 Retrospective analysis of their medical records showed that the incidence of poisoning with medicinal drugs was 64.0%, while pesticides accounted for 17.8% and plants for 6.7% of total cases. 3 The majority (69.9%) of cases were due to accidental poisoning, 70.6% of which occurred in children under 5 years of age; 15.1% of the poisonings were diagnosed as therapeutic mishaps of which 68.3% involved children under 5 years of age. 4 Analgesics (186 cases), barbiturates (176 cases) and tranquilizers (37 cases) were the most common drugs encountered, however, the two drugs most frequently overused were aspirin (146 cases) and Optalidon (175 cases). 5 Overall mortality was 4.9% (58 cases). Fifty per cent of fatalities were due to accidental poisoning while 41.4% (24 cases) were due to therapeutic mishaps. 6 This study is presented as a background to the need for the development of a Poison Information Service for Ankara.
Formation and Persistence of Isoniazid-DNA Adducts in Mouse Tissues
Authors: Maru G.B. , Bhide S. , Saffhill R. , O'Connor P.J. 
Published: April 2009

Further confirmation is provided to support the identity of the product formed by the in vitro eaction of isoniazid (INH) with cytosine as 4-deamino-4-isoniazidocytosine (INH-cytosine). Use of INH-treated mice, in which the tissue DNA is prelabelled by the neonatal administration of [3H]-deoxycytidine, has revealed the presence of two other DNA products in addition to INHytosine. Tissue differences in the persistence of these three DNA products suggest the presence of repair eactions for certain adducts. These processes and the effects of hepatotoxicity lead to a selective etention of adducts in the DNA of lung which is the target tissue for INH-carcinogenicity in mice. INH-modified DNA templates are weakly promutagenic during in vitro DNA synthesis. The implications of these observations for the role of INH as an initiating agent and for the pecies differences in its carcinogenicity are discussed.
‘Hear the instruction of thy father, and forsake not the law of thy mother’
Authors: Sommer Ulrike 
Published: April 2009

This article examines at the scope for agency in the early Neolithic central European Linearbandkeramik culture (5600-4800 BC). It discusses whether a lack of development in certain areas of material culture should be interpreted as evidence of a stable lebenswelt (life-world), where change is simply unimaginable, or if this in contrast provides evidence for mechanisms actively preventing stylistic change, thus representing a state of orthodoxy, according to Bourdieu. I demonstrate how the different rates of development in different areas of material culture can be linked to the respective ideological importance of these objects, and how these change through time.
Transient Overexpression of Sonic Hedgehog Alters the Architecture and Mechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone
Authors: Kiuru Maija , Solomon Jason , Ghali Bassem , van der Meulen Marjolein , Crystal Ronald G , Hidaka Chisa 
Published: April 2009

Abstract
Bone formation and remodeling involve coordinated interactions between osteoblasts and osteoclasts through signaling networks involving a variety of molecular pathways. We hypothesized that overexpression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), a morphogen with a crucial role in skeletal development, would stimulate osteoblastogenesis and bone formation in adult animals in vivo. Systemic administration of adenovirus expressing the N-terminal form of Shh into adult mice resulted in a primary increase in osteoblasts and their precursors. Surprisingly, however, this was associated with altered trabecular morphology, decreased bone volume, and decreased compressive strength in the vertebrae. Whereas no change was detected in the number of osteoclast precursors, bone marrow stromal cells from Shh-treated mice showed enhanced osteoclastogenic potential in vitro. These effects were mediated by the PTH/PTH-related protein (PTHrP) pathway as evidenced by increased sensitivity to PTH stimulation and upregulation of the PTH/PTHrP receptor (PPR). Together, these data show that Shh has stimulatory effects on osteoprogenitors and osteoblasts in adult animals in vivo, which results in bone remodeling and reduced bone strength because of a secondary increase in osteoclastogenesis.