bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volunteered, negotiated, enforced: family politics and the regulation of home smoking
Authors: Robinson Jude , Ritchie Deborah , Amos Amanda , Greaves Lorraine , Cunningham‐Burley Sarah 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThe protection of children from secondhand smoke in their homes remains a key objective for health agencies worldwide. While research has explored how parents can influence the introduction of home smoking restrictions, less attention has been paid to the role of wider familial and social networks as conduits for positive behaviour changes. In this article we explore how people living in Scotland have introduced various home smoking restrictions to reduce or eliminate children’s exposure to tobacco smoke, and how some have gone on to influence people in their wider familial and social networks. The results suggest that many parents are willing to act on messages on the need to protect children from smoke, leading to the creation of patterns of smoking behaviour that are passed on to their parents and siblings and, more widely, to friends and visitors. However, while some parents and grandparents apparently voluntarily changed their smoking behaviour, other parents found that they had to make direct requests to family members and some needed to negotiate more forcefully to protect children, albeit often with positive results.
Managing multiple masculinities in donor insemination: doctors configuring infertile men and sperm donors in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chia‐Ling 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis article investigates how doctors configured infertile men and sperm donors in the development of donor insemination (DI) in Taiwan. In the initial stage (1950s–1970s) doctors adjusted clinical procedures to repair the deformed gender identities of infertile men. To expand DI in the late 1970s and early 1980s, doctors stressed the positive eugenics of DI by spotlighting the high intelligence of donors, playing down biological patrilineage and re‐emphasising the contribution of men of higher rank in society. In the mid‐1980s, when donors came to be seen as potential carriers of fatal diseases like acquired immune deficiency syndrome, doctors managed to associate risky donors with socially stigmatised men, and therefore perpetuate the conventional hierarchy of masculinities. As the intracytoplasmic sperm injection emerged in the early 1990s doctors quickly presented infertile men as universally longing for biological fatherhood and hence devalued DI in an attempt to augment paternal masculinity. These diverse configuration activities come together to create a socio‐technical network of DI that most of the time perpetuates the reigning gender order, rather than destabilising it. I argue the importance of incorporating various types of participants in analysis to understand the changing dynamics of multiple masculinities along with the development of DI.
Systematic Outpatient Screening for the Elderly: Care of the Vulnerable Elderly Practice Improvement Module to Assess Resident Care of Older Adults
Authors: Shaffer Stacey L. , Day Hollis D. 
Published: October 2010

OBJECTIVES: To determine the feasibility of using the American Board of Internal Medicine Care of the Vulnerable Elderly Practice Improvement Module (CoVE PIM) in an internal medicine residency program and to assess aggregate resident documentation of geriatric screening in continuity clinics.DESIGN: Needs assessment chart review for single‐site pre‐/postintervention study.SETTING: Internal medicine resident primary care continuity clinics.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty‐seven postgraduate year (PGY)‐1 and PGY‐2 internal medicine residents.MEASUREMENTS: Completion rate and time of CoVE PIM chart review, CoVE PIM user difficulty, and aggregate percentage of charts documenting geriatric screening measures.RESULTS: Sixty‐five percent of residents completed the CoVE PIM in an average of 47 minutes (range 30–90 minutes); 72% of resident surveys rated the CoVE PIM as easy to use. Residents demonstrated very good documentation of chronic medical conditions, smoking status, height, weight, and blood pressure and poor documentation of falls and fall risk, hearing assessment, postural hypotension, balance, rigidity, bradykinesia, home safety assessment, seat belt counseling, code status, and surrogate decision‐maker.CONCLUSION: The CoVE PIM can be used to assess aggregate resident performance of geriatric screening measures. In resident clinics, general adult screening performed by nurses is well documented, whereas geriatric‐specific screening performed by physicians is poorly documented.
Noncontact Electroanatomic Mapping to Characterize Typical Atrial Flutter: Participation of Right Atrial Posterior Wall in the Reentrant Circuit
Authors: DIXIT SANJAY , LAVI NIMROD , ROBINSON MELISSA , RILEY MICHAEL P. , CALLANS DAVID J. , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS E. , LIN DAVID 
Published: October 2010

Reentrant Circuit of Typical Atrial Flutter. Background: Reentry utilizing cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) is accepted as the mechanism underlying typical atrial flutter (AFLT). However, it is unclear how the right atrial (RA) posterior wall (PW) participates in AFLT circuit. We sought to investigate this by using noncontact electroanatomic mapping.
Methods:
Fifteen patients (pts) undergoing ablation for typical AFLT participated. Multipolar catheters were deployed in RA and coronary sinus. RA shell was created during AFLT. Entrainment was performed to confirm CTI dependence and assess participation of various RA regions (septum‐Sep, PW, lateral wall‐LW). Data were analyzed for (1) RA activation patterns and (2) conduction time (CT) through various RA regions.
Results:
Mean pt age was 70 ± 13 years (all males; CCW = 10; CW = 5). Mean AFLT cycle length was 255 ± 15 ms. Single activation wave front traversing sequentially CTI, Sep, and LW was seen in all pts and in 12 (80%; 9 CCW, 3 CW) this also traversed PW. Entrainment confirmed PW participation in 7 of these. Mean CT (in ms) through various RA regions was as follows: CTI = 69 ± 27, Sep = 50 ± 39, PW = 65 ± 35, and LW = 76 ± 35; P = NS.
Conclusion:
These observations offer new insights regarding the participation of PW in the reentrant circuit of typical AFLT in some patients. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 422‐430)
Improved Endothelial Function in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation through Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm by Successful Catheter Ablation
Authors: SHIN SEUNG YONG , NA JIN OH , LIM HONG EUY , CHOI CHEOL UNG , CHOI JONG IL , KIM SEONG HWAN , KIM EUNG JU , PARK SANG WEON , RHA SEUNG‐WOON , PARK CHANG GYU , SEO HONG SEOG , OH DONG JOO , KIM YOUNG‐HOON 
Published: October 2010

Effect of Ablation on Endothelial Function. Background: Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction (ED), the effect of catheter ablation (CA) on AF‐associated ED has not been evaluated. The aims of this study are to determine if the degree of ED predicts the outcome of AF ablation and to evaluate whether ED can be improved through restoring sinus rhythm (SR) by successful CA.
Methods:
This study prospectively enrolled 80 subjects who underwent CA for AF (paroxysmal AF = 61, persistent AF = 19). Eighty subjects with no history of AF were enrolled as controls, all of whom were matched by age, gender, body mass index, and atherosclerotic risk factor distribution. Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) was measured at baseline, and at 1 month and 6 months post CA in AF subjects who remained in SR. Among controls, FMD was measured at baseline and at 6 months. We used high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), interleukin‐6, soluble E‐ or P‐selectin, and endothelin‐1 as biomarker indices for inflammation and/or ED.
Results:
Compared with controls, AF subjects had lower FMD at baseline (FMDbaseline, P < 0.001). After successful CA, FMD was significantly improved at 1 month and 6 months, nearly approaching control levels. A multivariate analysis revealed that FMDbaseline, hs‐CRP, and left atrial volume (LAV) were independent predictors for arrhythmia recurrence after CA. Other biomarkers were not related to rhythm outcome.
Conclusion:
AF subjects have significantly impaired FMD, which can be reversed through maintenance of SR by successful CA. FMDbaseline, hs‐CRP, and LAV are important predictors for AF recurrence after CA. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 22, pp. 376‐382)
What Is Set‐Based Design?
Authors: SINGER DAVID J. , DOERRY NORBERT , BUCKLEY MICHAEL E. 
Published: October 2010

AbstractOn February 4, 2008, Admiral Paul Sullivan, Commander of the Naval Sea Systems Command, sent out a letter entitled: Ship Design and Analysis Tool Goals. The purpose of the widely distributed memorandum was to state the requirements and high‐level capability goals for NAVSEA design synthesis and analysis tools. In this memo, Admiral Sullivan expressed the need for evolving models and analysis tools to be compatible with, among other things, set‐based design (SBD). Admiral Sullivan's memo was a major step toward improving ship design programs with new, more powerful analytical support tools but many have asked, “What is Set‐Based Design and how does it relate to Naval Ship Design?” SBD is a complex design method that requires a shift in how one thinks about and manages design. The SBD paradigm can replace point‐based design construction with design discovery; it allows more of the design effort to proceed concurrently and defers detailed specifications until trade‐offs are more fully understood. This paper describes the principles of SBD citing improvements SBD in design practice that have set the stage for SBD, and relating these principles to current Navy ship design issues.
A Human Capital Strategy for Ship Design Acquisition Workforce Improvement: The US Navy's Center for Innovation in Ship Design
Authors: KEANE ROBERT G. , FIREMAN HOWARD , HOUGH JEFFREY J. , COOPER KELLY 
Published: October 2010

AbstractEarly in the dark days of World War II, President Roosevelt asked the Navy how it would provide the thousands of ships necessary for the numerous amphibious assault landings that were being planned. At a subsequent high‐level meeting, where John Neidermair, the Technical Director of the Preliminary Design Division at BUSHIPS (Bureau of Ships–a predecessor organization to the Naval Sea Systems Command–NAVSEA), created a concept design sketch of the now famous LSTs. It was this same BUSHIPS Ship Design organization that designed the US Navy Fleet which defeated the Japanese and German navies. And it was the BUSHIPS successor organization, NAVSEA, which designed the 600‐ship Fleet during the President Reagan build‐up of the 1980s and early 1990s. This early stage ship design capability to translate the operators' needs into technically feasible ship concepts and designs is still a core responsibility of NAVSEA. However, NAVSEA is now undertaking the grand challenge of rebuilding the Navy's ship design capabilities which were dramatically downsized during the 1990s. The Human Capital Strategy for Ship Design Acquisition Workforce Improvement is a proven road map for reconstituting the Navy's ship design capabilities and reinvigorating the naval ship design community. The Office of Naval Research (ONR) and NAVSEA made significant progress in this direction by establishing the Navy's Center for Innovation in Ship Design (CISD). CISD is accelerating the career development of ship design leaders, and is paving the way for fully implementing a Human Capital Strategy for Ship Design Acquisition Workforce Improvement.
Supporting Affordable and Sustainable Amphibious Assault and Utility Capabilities with a Revitalized High–Low Mix of Platforms
Authors: BOSWORTH MICHAEL L. , OPAS GREGORY J. , RIVERS THOMAS M. , WHITFORD MALCOLM , WETHERALD THOMAS 
Published: October 2010

AbstractThis paper presents an argument in support of the return to a “High–Low Mix” of naval platforms to support the ship‐to‐shore movement of combat power and logistics support by the US Navy. Definition of the High–Low Mix concept is offered in the context of the Navy Amphibious Warfare capabilities set, and possible impacts on force structure, doctrine, and acquisition strategy imposed by such a change are described. Impacts of technological advancements in supporting the affordable and sustainable development of the envisioned capabilities are suggested. In closing, necessary steps in the path to establishment of a revitalized set of High–Low Mix capabilities are highlighted and a nominal course of action recommended.
Fleet Capabilities‐Based Assessment
Authors: DOERRY NORBERT , FIREMAN HOWARD 
Published: October 2010

AbstractSeveral recent Analyses of Alternatives (AOAs) have demonstrated issues with the AOA process that have limited the Navy in the pre‐Milestone A process. The eventual selection of an AOA preferred alternative that balances mission needs, total ownership cost, and acquisition cost was based on a limited trade space. This paper proposes an improved pre‐AOA process to better define a fiscally constrained set of fleet requirements that are allocated to the different ships, aircraft, and systems comprising the battle force over a 40‐year time span. The proposed process extends the Capabilities‐Based Assessment (CBA) defined in the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System to apply to the entire fleet design instead of each capability area. In this way, fleet requirements derived from the National Security Strategy and the Department of Defense Strategic Guidance are allocated to different warfare platforms. The required analysis combines physics‐based modeling of the individual war fighting units, realistic cost engineering/estimation, and rigorous operations analysis via the Navy SYSCOMs. The fleet planning is done over three time horizons: Long‐Range planning of 15–40 years in the future to guide science and technnology development; Mid‐Term planning from the end of the Future Year Defense Plan (FYDP) to 15 years to establish architectures, guide technology transition, as well as derive from the Fleet Level CBA the platform level CBAs for the individual programs; and Near‐Term planning within the FYDP, where the concerns are reacting to emerging threats, meeting affordability goals, and maintaining the industrial base. The resulting fleet level analysis directly supports force level assessments as part of the Quadrennial Defense Review.
Performance‐Based Design for Fleet Affordability
Authors: FAMME JOSEPH B. , GALLAGHER CHARLES , RAITCH TED 
Published: October 2010

AbstractAffordability remains the biggest challenge facing the Navy shipbuilding program. Recent Navy forums discussing fleet requirements and shipbuilding summarized that reforms are needed to support requirements stability, steady‐state production, and commonality among design and production elements to rein in skyrocketing shipbuilding costs. This paper describes how affordability objectives can be achieved by expanding the design focus beyond common parts to include common dynamically validated designs that focus on performance metrics within and across all associated systems in the domain of Hull, Mechanical, and Electrical Systems.
Compton rockets and the minimum power of relativistic jets
Authors: Ghisellini G. , Tavecchio F. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
The power of a relativistic jet depends on the number of leptons and protons carried by the jet itself. We have reason to believe that powerful γ-ray flat spectrum radio sources emit most of their radiation where radiative cooling is severe. This helps us to find the minimum number of emitting leptons needed to explain the radiation we see. The number of protons is more uncertain. If there is one proton per electron, they dominate the jet power, but they could be unimportant if the emission is due to electron–positron pairs. In this case, the total jet power could be much smaller. However, if the γ-ray flux is due to inverse Compton scattering with seed photons produced outside the jet, the radiation is anisotropic also in the comoving frame, making the jet recoil. This Compton rocket effect is strong for light, electron–positron jets, and negligible for heavy, proton-dominated jets. No significant deceleration, required by fast superluminal motion, requires a minimum number of protons per lepton, and thus a minimum jet power. We apply these ideas to the blazar 3C 454.3 to establish a robust lower limit to its total jet power: if the viewing angle θv≈ 1/Γ, the jet power is larger than the accretion luminosity Ld for any bulk Lorentz factor Γ. For θv= 0°, instead, the minimum jet power can be smaller than Ld for Γ &lt; 25. No more than ∼10 pairs per proton are allowed.
Fading of the X-ray flux from the black hole in the NGC 4472 globular cluster RZ 2109
Authors: Maccarone Thomas J. , Kundu Arunav , Zepf Stephen E. , Rhode Katherine L. 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We present the results of new X-ray observations of XMMU 122939.7+075333, the black hole (BH) in the globular cluster RZ 2109 in the Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4472. A combination of non-detections and marginal detections in several recent Swift and Chandra observations show that the source has varied by at least a factor of 20 in the past 6 yr, and that the variations seem not just to be ‘flickering’. This variation could be explained with changes in the absorption column intrinsic to the source no larger than those which were previously seen near the peak of the 1989 outburst of the Galactic BH X-ray binary V404 Cyg. The large amplitude variations are also a natural expectation from a hierarchical triple system with Kozai cycles – the mechanism recently proposed to produce BH–white dwarf (WD) binaries in globular clusters. On the other hand, variation by such a large factor on time-scales of years, rather than centuries, is very difficult to reconcile with the scenario in which the X-ray emission from XMMU 122939.7+075333 is due to fallback of material from a tidally destroyed or detonated WD.
Charge transfer inefficiency in the Hubble Space Telescope since Servicing Mission 4
Authors: Massey Richard 
Published: October 2010

Abstract
We update a physically motivated model of radiation damage in the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys/Wide Field Channel, using data up to mid-2010. We find that charge transfer inefficiency increased dramatically before shuttle Servicing Mission 4, with ∼1.3 charge traps now present per pixel. During detector readout, charge traps spuriously drag electrons behind all astronomical sources, degrading image quality in a way that affects object photometry, astrometry and morphology. Our detector readout model is robust to changes in operating temperature and background level, and can be used to iteratively remove the trailing by pushing electrons back to where they belong. The result is data taken in mid-2010 that recovers the quality of imaging obtained within the first six months of orbital operations.
Application of a novel combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and a humidity-controlled 96-well plate to the characterization of the polymorphism of imidafenacin
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Yoshinaga Tokuji , Mori Hirotoshi , Otsuka Makoto 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to apply a currently available chemometric near-infrared spectroscopy technique to the characterization of the polymorphic properties of drug candidates. The technique requires only small quantities of samples and is therefore applicable to drugs in the early stages of development.

Methods
The combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and a patented 96-well plate divided into 32 individual, humidity-controlled, three-well compartments was used in the characterization of a hygroscopic drug, imidafenacin, which has two polymorphs and one pseudo-polymorph. Characterization was also conducted with powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The results were compared with those from routinely used conventional analyses.

Key findings
Both the microanalysis and conventional analysis successfully characterised the substance (transformation and relative stability among the two polymorphs and a pseudo-polymorph) depending on the storage conditions. Near-infrared spectroscopic analyses utilizing a humidity-controlled 96-well plate required only small amounts of the sample for characterization under the various conditions of relative humidity.

Conclusions
Near-infrared microanalysis can be applied to polymorphic studies of small quantities of a drug candidate. The results also suggest that the method will predict the behaviors of a hygroscopic candidate in solid pharmaceutical preparations at the early stages of drug development.
Effect of telmisartan on the expression of cardiac adiponectin and its receptor 1 in type 2 diabetic rats
Authors: Guo Zhixin , Zheng Caihong , Qin Zhihong , Wei Ping 
Published: October 2010

Abstract

Objectives
This study investigated the effect of telmisartan on the expression of cardiac adiponectin and its receptor 1 in type 2 diabetic rats.

Methods
Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (C, n = 10) and diabetic (n = 26) groups. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat and high-sugar diet and intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ). After induction of diabetes, diabetic rats were again randomly divided into diabetic (D, n = 10) and diabetic treated (DT, n = 10) groups. Telmisartan (5 mg/kg/day) was administrated to diabetic treated rats by gavage for 12 weeks. Twelve weeks later, the heart function was investigated. Plasma and myocardial adiponectin levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cardiac mRNA expression of adiponectin receptor 1 (adipiR1) was assayed by reverse transcript–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cardiac protein expression of adipiR1, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α, phospho-AMPK-α (Thr172) and glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) was determined by Western blotting.

Key findings
The ratio of heart weight to body weight was significantly increased in diabetic rats compared with control. The decreased levels of plasma and myocardial adiponectin and the decreased protein and mRNA expression of myocardial adipoR1 led to the decreased myocardial phosphorylation of AMPK-α (Thr172) and the decreased protein expression of myocardial GLUT4 in diabetic rats. Consequently, the heart function was decreased in diabetic rats. Telmisartan treatment significantly attenuated the increased ratio of heart weight to body weight in diabetic rats. The levels of plasma and myocardial adiponectin and the expression of myocardial adipoR1 in diabetic rats were upregulated by telmisartan. Subsequently, the levels of myocardial phospho-AMPK-α (Thr172) and the expression of myocardial GLUT4 in diabetic rats were increased by telmisartan. Consequently, the heart function was improved in diabetic rats treated with telmisartan.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the levels of myocardial adiponectin and its receptor 1 are decreased in type 2 diabetic rats. Telmisartan treatment up-regulates the levels of myocardial adiponectin and its receptor 1, resulting in the increase in myocardial phospho-AMPK-α (Thr172) and GLUT4 expression, which may contribute to the improvement of heart function and the decrease in cardiac hypertrophy in diabetic rats.