bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pre‐germination time of brown rice on serum cholesterol levels of hypercholesterolaemic rats
Authors: Roohinejad Shahin , Omidizadeh Alireza , Mirhosseini Hamed , Saari Nazamid , Mustafa Shuhaimi , Mohd Yusof Rokiah , Meor Hussin Anis Shobirin , Hamid Azizah , Abd Manap Mohd Yazid 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Brown rice is unpolished rice with immeasurable benefits for human health. Brown rice (BR) and pre‐germinated brown rice (PGBR) are known to contain various functional compounds such as γ‐oryzanol, dietary fibre and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present study, the experimental diets containing BR and PGBR (24, 48 h pre‐germination) were used to investigate the influence of pre‐germination time of brown rice on blood cholesterol in Sprague–Dawley male rats.RESULTS: Hypercholesterolaemia and elevation of LDL‐cholesterol were successfully ameliorated by the experimental diets containing BR and PGBR (24 and 48 h pre‐germination). As compared to the control sample, the pre‐germination time had a significant (P < 0.05) effect on blood cholesterol of Sprague–Dawley male rats. It was also found that the significantly (P < 0.05) better effect on lipid profile of hypercholesterolaemic rats was observed by prolonging the pre‐germination time. As compared to non‐germinated brown rice, the germinated brown rice showed the higher cardio‐protective effect on hypercholesterolaemic Sprague–Dawley male rats.CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that the changes of blood cholesterol can be mainly modulated by using the PGBR rather than BR. The prolonging of pre‐germination time led to an increase in the bioactive components, thereby providing a more efficient functional diet affecting the high blood cholesterol. This study suggests that PGBR can be used instead of BR and polished rice in the human diet. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Toxicokinetics and recovery studies of dicamba dimethyl amine salt in goats following single oral administration
Authors: Mukherjee Madhusudan , Muraleedharannair Prashant , Karmakar Utpal K , Datta Bakul K , Sar Tapas K , Chakraborty Animesh K , Bhattacharya Anjan , Choudhury Ashim , Mandal Tapan K 
Published: November 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Toxicokinetics and recovery studies of dicamba dimethyl amine salt (DDAS) were conducted to obtain more information about its toxicity and tissue retention in farm animals.RESULTS: The minimum oral toxic dose level of DDAS was determined as 1400 mg kg−1 body weight. In the toxicokinetic study, blood DDAS concentration of 55.6 ± 0.59 µg mL−1 (mean ± standard error) was detected at 0.08 h, which peaked to 102.3 ± 5.03 µg mL−1 at 0.25 h, and declined to a minimum of 4.1 ± 0.06 µg mL−1 at 36 h. In recovery studies, DDAS concentration in urine began to increase significantly (P < 0.05) from 12 h, peaked at 24 h and declined from 48 h onwards. Maximum excretion through faeces was at 24 h and was complete by 144 h. The residual level in tissues decreased significantly (P < 0.05) on day 7 as compared to day 4. In histopathological studies, cellular alterations in lungs, liver, kidney, adrenal gland and spleen were found.CONCLUSION: DDAS persists in the body for a shorter period and its major excretory route is through urine. DDAS has lower affinity to accumulate in tissues, and intensity of cellular alterations is not severe after single‐dose oral administration. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Topology optimization for stationary fluid–structure interaction problems using a new monolithic formulation
Authors: Yoon Gil Ho 
Published: November 2009

AbstractThis paper outlines a new procedure for topology optimization in the steady‐state fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problem. A review of current topology optimization methods highlights the difficulties in alternating between the two distinct sets of governing equations for fluid and structure dynamics (hereafter, the fluid and structural equations, respectively) and in imposing coupling boundary conditions between the separated fluid and solid domains. To overcome these difficulties, we propose an alternative monolithic procedure employing a unified domain rather than separated domains, which is not computationally efficient. In the proposed analysis procedure, the spatial differential operator of the fluid and structural equations for a deformed configuration is transformed into that for an undeformed configuration with the help of the deformation gradient tensor. For the coupling boundary conditions, the divergence of the pressure and the Darcy damping force are inserted into the solid and fluid equations, respectively. The proposed method is validated in several benchmark analysis problems. Topology optimization in the FSI problem is then made possible by interpolating Young's modulus, the fluid pressure of the modified solid equation, and the inverse permeability from the damping force with respect to the design variables. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological benefits for cancer patients and their partners participating in mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR)
Authors: Birnie Kathryn , Garland Sheila N. , Carlson Linda E. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjective: Cancer patients experience many negative psychological symptoms including stress, anxiety, and depression. This distress is not limited to the patient, as their partners also experience many psychological challenges. Mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) programs have demonstrated clinical benefit for a variety of chronic illnesses, including cancer. This is the first study to report MBSR participation with partners of cancer patients.Methods: This study examined the impact of an 8‐week MBSR program for 21 couples who attended the program together on outcomes of mood disturbance, symptoms of stress, and mindfulness.Results: Significant reductions for both patients and partners in mood disturbance (p<0.05) and the Calgary Symptoms of Stress Inventory (C‐SOSI) subscales of muscle tension (p<0.01), neurological/GI (p<0.05), and upper respiratory (p<0.01) symptoms were observed after program participation. Significant increases in mindfulness (p<0.05) were also reported in both groups. No significant correlations were observed between patient and partner scores on any measures at baseline or on change scores pre‐ to post‐intervention; however, after MBSR participation couple's scores on the Profile of Mood States and C‐SOSI were more highly correlated with one‐another. Post‐intervention, partners' mood disturbance scores were significantly positively correlated with patients' symptoms of stress and negatively correlated with patients' levels of mindfulness.Conclusions: Overall, the MBSR program was helpful for improving psychological functioning and mindfulness for both members of the couple. Several avenues of future research are suggested to further explore potential benefits of joint couple attendance in the MBSR program. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and fragmentation of aminomonosaccharides in H2O and D2O
Authors: Choi Sung‐Seen , Kim Jong‐Chul 
Published: November 2009

AbstractAminomonosaccharides (glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine) in H2O and D2O were ionized by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and their fragmentation patterns were investigated to identify them. All the aminomonosaccharides showed the same fragment ions but their relative ion intensities were different. Major product ions generated in H2O were [M + H]+, [M + H – H2O]+, and [2M + H – 3H2O]+, while in D2O were [MD6 + D]+, [MD6 + D – D2O]+, and [2MD6 + D – D2O – 2HDO]+. At a high fragmentor voltage above 120 V, the relative ion intensities of the major product ions showed different trends according to the aminomonosaccharides. For the use of H2O as solvent and eluent, the order of the ion intensity ratio of [M + H – H2O]+/[2M + H – 3H2O]+was galactosamine > mannosamine > glucosamine. When using D2O as solvent and eluent, the order of the ion intensity ratios of [MD6 + D – D2O]+/[MD6 + D]+and [2MD6 + D – D2O – 2HDO]+/[MD6 + D]+was mannosamine > galactosamine > glucosamine. It was found that glucosamine, galactosamine, and mannosamine could be distinguished by the specific trends of the major product ion ratios in H2O and D2O. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of bacteria and ion‐exchange particles and its potential in separation for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric identification of bacteria in water
Authors: Guo Zhongxian , Liu Ying , Li Shuping , Yang Zhaoguang 
Published: November 2009

AbstractIdentification of microbial contaminants in drinking water is a challenge to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) due to low levels of microorganisms in fresh water. To avoid the time‐consuming culture step of obtaining enough microbial cells for subsequent MALDI‐MS analysis, a combination of membrane filtration and nanoparticles‐ or microparticles‐based magnetic separation is a fast and efficient approach. In this work, the interaction of bacteria and fluidMAG‐PAA, a cation‐exchange superparamagnetic nanomaterial, was investigated by MALDI‐MS analysis and transmission electron microscopy. FluidMAG‐PAA selectively captured cells of Salmonella, Bacillus, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. This capture was attributed to the aggregation of negatively charged nanoparticles on bacterial cell regional surfaces that bear positive charges. Three types of non‐porous silica‐encapsulated anion‐exchange magnetic microparticles (SiMAG‐Q, SiMAG‐PEI, SiMAG‐DEAE) were capable of concentrating a variety of bacteria, and were compared with silica‐free, smaller fluidMAG particles. Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus and other bacteria spiked in aqueous solutions, tap water and reservoir water were separated and concentrated by membrane filtration and magnetic separation based on these ion‐exchange magnetic materials, and then characterized by whole cell MALDI‐MS. By comparing with the mass spectra of the isolates and pure cells, bacteria in fresh water can be rapidly detected at 1 × 103 colony‐forming units (cfu)/mL. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of progesterone on cervical shortening in women at risk for preterm birth: secondary analysis from a multinational, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: O'Brien J. M. , DeFranco E. A. , Adair C. D. , Lewis D. F. , Hall D. R. , How H. , Bsharat M. , Creasy G. W. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether progesterone supplementation alters cervical shortening in women at increased risk for preterm birth.MethodsWe performed a planned secondary analysis from a large, multinational preterm birth prevention trial of daily intravaginal progesterone gel, 90 mg, com‐ pared with placebo in women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth or premature cervical shortening. Transvaginal cervical length measurements were obtained in all randomized patients at baseline (18 + 0 to 22 + 6 weeks' gestation) and at 28 weeks' gestation. For this secondary analysis, the difference in cervical length between these time points was compared for the study population with a history of spontaneous preterm birth and for a population with premature cervical shortening (≤ 30 mm) at randomization. Differences between groups in cervical length for the 28‐week examination were analyzed using ANCOVA, including adjustment for relevant clinical parameters and maternal characteristics.ResultsData were analyzed from 547 randomized patients with a history of preterm birth. The progesterone‐treated patients had significantly less cervical shortening than the placebo group (difference 1.6 (95% CI, 0.3–3.0) mm; P = 0.02, ANCOVA). In the population of 104 subjects with premature cervical shortening at randomization, the cervical length also differed significantly on multivariable analysis, with the treatment group preserving more cervical length than the placebo group (difference 3.3 (95% CI, 0.3–6.2) mm; P = 0.03, ANCOVA), with adjustment for differences in cervical length at screening. A significant difference was also observed between groups for categorical outcomes including the frequency of cervical length progression to ≤ 25 mm and a ≥ 50% reduction in cervical length from baseline in this subpopulation.ConclusionsIntravaginal progesterone enhances preservation of cervical length in women at high risk for preterm birth. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization and Surface‐Activity of a Polyoxyethylene Ether Trimeric Quaternary Ammonium Surfactant
Authors: Zhang Jiaoxia , Zheng Yaping , Yu Peiying , He Lin , Wang Huining , Wang Rumin 
Published: November 2009

AbstractA trimeric quaternary ammonium salt surfactant containing polyoxyethylene chains was synthesized from fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine and thionyl chloride by a two‐step process. Its chemical structure was characterized, and the surface activity in aqueous solution was studied at different temperatures. The results showed that when the concentration attains the CMC (1.0 mmol/L), the surface tension is 38.9 mN m−1 and the conductivity is 105.3μS cm−1 at 25 °C. These show that the trimeric quaternary ammonium salt surfactant containing polyoxyethylene chains exhibits high surface activity and effectively reduces the surface tension of water.
The Effects of Microwave Frying on Physicochemical Properties of Frying and Sunflower Oils
Authors: Gharachorloo Maryam , Ghavami Mehrdad , Mahdiani Maryam , Azizinezhad Reza 
Published: November 2009

AbstractDeep fat frying is a method of food preparation which has been popular for quite a number of years. During deep frying, the quality of oil and the finished product decreases as the result of heat treatment of the oil exposed to air at high temperature. Application of heat by microwave as an alternative to the conventional method of frying has become popular in recent years. In this research, the effects of microwave frying on the changes in the quality indices of used oil have been investigated. To achieve this, potato slices were fried in both frying and sunflower oils by application of medium power microwave (550 W) for 20 min, three times a day, for five consecutive days, and oils were sampled for analysis. The results obtained from the chemical tests demonstrated that used frying oil had lower polar compounds, a higher induction period, and more saturated fatty acids than sunflower oil. The interesting point observed was that peroxides formed as the result of oxidation chain reactions were not broken down and were built up due to the lower temperature and shorter period of frying. Therefore microwave frying might be considered as a suitable alternative to the conventional frying due to less degradation of the oil and consequently a lower production of artifacts.
Behavior genetics and the prospect of “personalized social policy”
Authors: Panofsky Aaron L 
Published: November 2009

Abstract
I develop “personalized social policy” as a speculative exercise to examine the possibility that policy makers and service providers, making decisions under conditions of uncertainty, could use genetic information to divide clients into “treatment groups” receiving differential service goods to better meet individual needs or achieve efficiency. Using real and hypothetical examples from genetics and social services, I show how personalized social policy might work and discuss its implications for the practical organization and theoretical justification of social policy. The analysis suggests that behavior genetics could dramatically impact social policy, not by sowing fatalism about change, but by offering specific, practical tools that would reorganize the institutional and professional composition of social services delivery and bolster functionalist rationales for social welfare. Policy analysts should focus on specific ways genetic information might affect policy decisions to prepare proactive responses should the prospect of personalized social policy become a reality.
Verbal inflection in the acquisition of Kuwaiti Arabic
Authors: ALJENAIE KHAWLA 
Published: November 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the distribution of imperfective and perfective verb inflections in Kuwaiti Arabic. Spontaneous speech of three children (1 ; 8–3 ; 1) was analyzed for accuracy and error types. The results showed that the verbal inflections appeared correct almost all the time (89–97% of the time). Agreement errors appeared 3–11% of the time. The children did not inflect the verb in obligatory contexts in describing ongoing action 2–12% of the time. It is predicted that children acquiring Arabic would select a default form in place of fully inflected forms. The children used a non-finite form which is identical to the imperfective verbal bare stem to describe ongoing action, which is consistent with Benmamoun's argument (1999, 2000) that the imperfective bare verb is the default form in Arabic. The findings of the study are discussed in the light of the Optional Infinitive (OI) stage argued by Wexler (1994, 1996, 1998). The fact that the non-finite is non-tensed makes this type of behavior consistent with the OI.
Impact of neighbourhood food environment on food consumption in children aged 9–10 years in the UK SPEEDY (Sport, Physical Activity and Eating behaviour: Environmental Determinants in Young people) study
Authors: Skidmore Paula , Welch Ailsa , van Sluijs Esther , Jones Andrew , Harvey Ian , Harrison Flo , Griffin Simon , Cassidy Aedín 
Published: November 2009

AbstractObjectivePoor diet in childhood increases risk of obesity but the relationship between access to food and children’s food choice is underexplored. We determined relationships between distance to and density of food outlets on children’s food choice.DesignChildren (n 1721) aged 9–10 years who participated in a cross-sectional study from a sample of state and private schools across urban and rural areas. Food consumption was reported using a short validated FFQ. A Geographic Information System was used to determine proximity to local food outlets. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine associations between food consumption and distance to and density of local food outlets.SettingNorfolk, England.SubjectsBoys (n 754) and girls (n 967) aged 9–10 years.ResultsThe impact of distance to or density of food outlets on food choice was small after adjustment. Living further away from a supermarket increased portions of fruit (0·11 portions/week per 1 km increase in distance to nearest supermarket, P < 0·05) and vegetables (0·11 portions/week, P < 0·05) consumed. Living closer to convenience stores was also associated with an increased consumption of crisps, chocolate and white bread. Density of supermarkets was associated with both an increase in vegetable intake (0·31 portions/week, P < 0·05) and unhealthy foods.ConclusionsDistance to and density of food outlets are both associated with children’s food choice, although the impact appears to be small and the relationship is complex. However, the effects of individual foods combined could be important, particularly as even small differences in intake can impact on body weight over time.
Lung cancer presents as Addisonian crisis secondary to a solitary pituitary metastasis
Authors: Turaka Aruna , Parsons Rosaleen B. , Buyyounouski Mark K. 
Published: November 2009

AbstractWe present the case of 68-year-old white man who presented with lung cancer in Addisonian crisis due to a pituitary metastasis. He was successfully treated with radiotherapy which reversed his visual field deficits. Pituitary metastasis as the first manifestation of malignancy is rare but, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with endocrine disturbances and visual problems.
Expeditions to the Russian Arctic to Survey Black Carbon in Snow
Authors: Grenfell Thomas C. , Warren Stephen G. , Radionov Vladimir F. , Makarov Vladimir N. , Zimov Sergei A. 
Published: November 2009

Snow is the most reflective natural surface on Earth, with an albedo (the ratio of reflected to incident light) typically between 70% and 85%. Because the albedo of snow is so high, it can be reduced by small amounts of dark impurities. Black carbon (BC) in amounts of a few tens of parts per billion (ppb) can reduce the albedo by a few percent depending on the snow grain size [Warren and Wiscombe, 1985; Clarke and Noone, 1985].An albedo reduction of a few percent is not detectable by eye and is below the accuracy of satellite observations. Nonetheless, such a reduction is significant for climate. For a typical incident solar flux of 240 watts per square meter at the snow surface in the Arctic during spring and summer, an albedo change of 1% modifies the absorbed energy flux by an amount comparable to current anthropogenic greenhouse gas forcing. As a result, higher levels of BC could cause the snow to melt sooner in the spring, uncovering darker underlying surfaces (tundra and sea ice) and resulting in a positive feedback on climate [Hansen and Nazarenko, 2004].
Public concern about global warming wanes, survey finds
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2009

A new national survey of the American public's attitude toward global warming has found “a sharp decline over the past year in the percentage of Americans who say there is solid evidence that global temperatures are rising.” Thirty‐six percent of respondents agreed that global warming is because of human activity, an 11% drop from April 2008.The survey, “Fewer Americans see solid evidence of global warming; modest support for ‘cap and trade’ policy,” was issued on 22 October by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press. The report found that 57% of survey respondents agreed that there is solid evidence the Earth is warming, compared with 71% who agreed with that statement in April 2008, a 14% drop.
Commission for Environmental Cooperation priorities
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: November 2009

Members of the Joint Public Advisory Committee of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) will host a 1 December live Webcast discussion on environmental priorities the commission should consider during the next 5 years. The priorities will relate to “healthy communities and ecosystems,” “climate change—low‐carbon economy,” and “greening the economy in North America.” CEC is an international organization created by Canada, Mexico, and the United States under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation.The meeting, in Los Cabos, Baja California Sur, Mexico, will include a virtual forum to allow online participation.
Paul G. Silver (1948–2009)
Authors: Solomon Sean C. 
Published: November 2009

A pioneer in the novel application of seismic observations to infer the flow field of Earth's mantle and the mechanics of fault zones, Paul Gordon Silver tragically was killed on 7 August in an automobile accident that also took the life of his 22‐year‐old daughter, Celine.Born and raised in Los Angeles, Calif., Paul received all of his degrees from the University of California. Following receipt of a B.A. in psychology from the University of California (UC), Los Angeles (1970), he pursued a career as a musician for several years. Drawn to Earth science, Paul obtained a B.A. in geology from UC Berkeley, in 1976, and he was recruited by Tom Jordan (now at the University of Southern California) to the graduate program of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego.