bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capture and Reproductive Trends in Summer Bat Communities in West Virginia: Assessing the Impact of White-Nose Syndrome
Authors: Francl Karen E. , Ford W. Mark , Sparks Dale W. , Brack Virgil 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
Although it has been widely documented that populations of cave-roosting bats rapidly decline following the arrival of white-nose syndrome (WNS), longer term reproductive effects are less well-known and essentially unexplored at the community scale. In West Virginia, WNS was first detected in the eastern portion of the state in 2009 and winter mortality was documented in 2009 and 2010. However, quantitative impacts on summer bat communities remained unknown. We compared “historical” (pre-WNS) capture records and reproductive rates from 11,734 bats captured during summer (15 May to 15 August) of 1997–2008 and 1,304 captures during 2010. We predicted that capture rates (number of individuals captured/net-night) would decrease in 2010. We also expected the energetic strain of WNS would cause delayed or reduced reproduction, as denoted by a greater proportion of pregnant or lactating females later in the summer and a lower relative proportion of juvenile captures in the mid–late summer. We found a dramatic decline in capture rates of little brown Myotis lucifugus, northern long-eared M. septentrionalis, small-footed M. leibii, Indiana M. sodalis, tri-colored Perimyotis subflavus, and hoary Lasiurus cinereus bats after detection of WNS in 2009. For these six species, 2010 capture rates were 10–37% of pre-WNS rates. Conversely, capture rates of big brown bats Eptesicus fuscus increased by 17% in 2010, whereas capture rates of eastern red bats Lasiurus borealis did not change. Together, big brown and eastern red bats were 58% of all 2010 captures but only 11% of pre-WNS captures. Reproductive data from 12,314 bats showed shifts in pregnancy and lactation dates, and an overall narrowing in the windows of time of each reproductive event, for northern-long-eared and little brown bats. Additionally, the proportion of juvenile captures declined in 2010 for these species. In contrast, lactation and pregnancy rates of big brown and eastern red bats, and the proportion of juveniles, were similar to historical patterns. Our results further elucidate the significance of short-term effects and provide a basis to examine long-term consequences of WNS.
Predicting Hazardous Lifestyles among Adolescents Based on Health-Risk Assessment Data
Authors: Scott H. Denman , Cabral Robert M. 
Published: December 2011

The Rhode Island Department of Health has developed simple and convenient health risk appraisal (HRA) systems for adults, high-school students and college students. Using HRA data collected on 11,652 high-school students, this paper examines the discriminatory power of two mental health questions as predictors of high risk, unhealthy or dangerous behavior. Both questions, when examined separately, show that students who respond that “life is never worth living” and who report that “they never have emotional support available” take proportionally more and greater risks than their fellow students who have happier outlooks and long-term emotional support. By combining responses from both questions, a typology was developed that might identify a more vulnerable, higher risk-taking subgroup; that is, students who felt life was not worth living and who also had no available emotional support. Further refinement of this approach could produce a useful predictive tool to identify students who are at serious risk for premature disability and death and who could benefit from early therapeutic help.
Assessing the Social and Physical Contexts of Children's Leisure-Time Physical Activity: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study
Authors: Dunton Genevieve Fridlund , Kawabata Keito , Intille Stephen , Wolch Jennifer , Pentz Mary Ann 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. To use Ecological Momentary Assessment with mobile phones to describe where and with whom children's leisure-time physical activity occurs. Design. Repeated assessments across 4 days (Friday–Monday) during nonschool time (20 total). Setting. Chino, California, and surrounding communities. Subjects. Primarily low to middle income children (N = 121; aged 9–13 years; x̄ = 11.0 years, SD = 1.2 years; 52% male, 38% Hispanic/Latino). Measures. Electronic surveys measured current activity (e.g., active play/sports/exercise, watching TV/movies), social company (e.g., family, friends, alone), physical location (e.g., home, outdoors, school), and other perceived contextual features (e.g., safety, traffic, vegetation, distance from home). Analysis. Multilevel linear and multinomial logistic regression. Results. Most of children's physical activity occurred outdoors (away from home) (42%), followed by at home (indoors) (30%), front/backyard (at home) (8%), someone else's house (8%), at a gym/recreation center (3%), and other locations (9%). Children's physical activity took place most often with multiple categories of people together (e.g., friends and family) (39%), followed by family members only (32%), alone (15%), and with friends only (13%). Age, weight status, income, and racial/ethnic differences in physical activity contexts were observed. Conclusions. The most frequently reported contexts for children's leisure time physical activity were outdoors and with family members and friends together.
Characteristics of Step-Defined Physical Activity Categories in U.S. Adults
Authors: Sisson Susan B. , Camhi Sarah M. , Tudor-Locke Catrine , Johnson William D. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. 
Published: December 2011

Purpose. Descriptive physical activity epidemiology of the U.S. population is critical for program development and resource allocation. The purpose of this project was to describe step-defined categories (as measured by accelerometer) of U.S. adults and to determine predictors of sedentary classification (<5000 steps/d). Design. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is an annual, nationally representative survey used to determine the health status of the U. S. populace. Setting. In-home interviews and physical examination components of NHANES. Participants. Overall, 4372 eligible adults wore accelerometers in the 2005–2006 NHANES; 628 were excluded, which yielded 3744 adults (of which 46.8% were men). Measures. Steps per day; body mass index (BMI); demographic, household and behavioral variables. Analysis. Means and frequencies were calculated. Logistic regression was utilized to determine predictors of sedentary classification. Results. Overall, 36.1% were sedentary (i.e., <5000 steps/d); 47.6% were low to somewhat active (5000–9999 steps/d); 16.3% were active to highly active (≥ 10,000 steps/d). Advancing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; confidence intervals [CIs], 1.78, 2.13), higher BMI (OR, 1.40; CIs, 1.23, 1.59), female sex (OR, 1.86; CIs, 1.46, 2.36), African-American versus European-American ethnicity (OR, 1.36; CIs, 1.13, 1.65), household income versus ≥ $45,000 (<$25,000: OR, 1.94; CIs, 1.40, 2.69; $25,000–$44,000: OR, 1.51; CIs, 1.23, 1.85), and current versus never smoker (OR, 1.53; CIs, 1.26, 1.86) variables had higher odds of sedentary classification. Usual daily occupational/domestic physical activity categories of standing/walking (OR, .51; CIs, .38, .69); lifting/climbing (OR, .26; CIs, .17, .38); and heavy loads/labor (OR, .16; CIs, .10, .26) had lower odds of sedentary classification than sitting. Conclusions. Over one-third of the U.S. population was classified as sedentary by accelerometer-determined steps per day, and several characteristics predicted sedentary classification.
Initial Development of the Health Promoting Activities Scale to Measure the Leisure Participation of Mothers of Children With Disabilities
Authors: Bourke-Taylor Helen , Law Mary , Howie Linsey , Pallant Julie F. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractOBJECTIVE. The Health Promoting Activities Scale (HPAS) measures the frequency with which mothers participate in self-selected leisure activities that promote health and well-being. We undertook an initial evaluation of the scale with mothers of school-age children with developmental disabilities (N = 152).METHOD. We used a mixed methodology in the instrument design: a qualitative study to generate items and a quantitative study to evaluate the instrument. Our statistical analysis assessed the internal consistency, factor structure, and construct validity of the HPAS.RESULTS. The HPAS showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .78). Construct validity was supported by moderate correlations with subjective maternal mental and general health (Short Form 36, Version 2) and by differentiation in leisure participation among groups of mothers reporting differences in mental health status.CONCLUSION. Initial evaluation of the HPAS indicates that this brief tool is psychometrically sound. The HPAS allows professionals to evaluate clients’ participation in leisure occupations that promote health and well-being. Further development of the HPAS is warranted.
Modifying Health Outcome Measures for People With Aphasia
Authors: Tucker Frances M. , Edwards Dorothy F. , Mathews Leslie Kirchner , Baum Carolyn M. , Connor Lisa Tabor 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The goal for this study was to determine methods to modify outcome measures for people with aphasia and to provide beginning support for the efficacy of these suggested modifications.
METHOD. Twenty-nine community-dwelling people with aphasia participated. Modified outcome measures included the Stroke Impact Scale, the 36-item short form Medical Outcomes Study, Reintegration to Normal Living Scale, and Activity Card Sort. Participants were supported in their responses by systematically applying a hierarchy of support. An Independence Scale score was determined for each measure for each participant.
RESULTS. Data from an examiner-rated Independence Scale, internal consistency of participants’ responses, correlations among subscale scores across measures, and correlations between aphasia severity and reported outcome provide evidence that people with aphasia are able to understand and respond with these supports.
CONCLUSION. We provide key recommendations for making self-report measures accessible for people with aphasia.
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Cognitive Strategy Use to Improve Goal Performance After Stroke
Authors: Polatajko Helene J. , McEwen Sara E. , Ryan Jennifer D. , Baum Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The authors compared changes in client performance on three goals poststroke after the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO–OP) intervention or standard occupational therapy (SOT) to determine the magnitude and direction of change.
METHOD. Eight people living in the community following a stroke were randomly assigned to receive CO–OP (n = 4) or SOT (n = 4). CO–OP is a 10-session, cognitive-oriented approach to improving performance that uses client-driven cognitive strategies. SOT was therapist driven and combined task-specific and component-based training. Goal performance was measured by the therapist-rated Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS) and the participant-rated Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).
RESULTS. Using Mann-Whitney U test, we found that CO–OP participants showed significantly greater improvement in performance (PQRS, p = .02; COPM Performance, p = .02) compared with SOT but no improvement in satisfaction (COPM Satisfaction, p = .38).
CONCLUSION. The CO–OP group demonstrated larger performance improvements than the SOT group. Because of the promising results, an investigation using a larger sample is warranted.
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Pediatric Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy: 6-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Case-Smith Jane , DeLuca Stephanie C. , Stevenson Richard , Ramey Sharon Landesman 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Pediatric constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a promising intervention for children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). This multisite randomized controlled trial (RCT) tested the hypothesis that 6 hr versus 3 hr per day for 21 days would produce larger maintenance of gains 6 mo posttreatment.
METHOD. Three sites recruited 18 children (6 per site) ages 3–6 yr with unilateral CP. Children were randomly assigned to 3 or 6 hr/day of CIMT for 21 days and wore a cast on the unaffected extremity the first 18 days. Occupational therapists applied a standardized pediatric CIMT protocol. Evaluators blinded to condition administered the Assisted Hand Assessment and the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test, and parents completed the Pediatric Motor Activity Log pre- and posttreatment (1 wk, 1 mo, and 6 mo).
RESULTS. Both CIMT dosage groups showed significant gains on all five assessments with no significant group differences at 6-mo follow-up. Effect sizes (n = 15) comparing preintervention to postintervention measures (partial η2) ranged from .33 to .80.
CONCLUSION. This first multisite RCT of pediatric CIMT confirmed the maintenance of positive effects at 6 mo follow-up across multiple functional performance measures. The hypothesis that maintenance of effects would differ for children who received 6 versus 3 hr/day of CIMT (126 vs. 63 total hr) was not supported.
Neurocognitive Habilitation Therapy for Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An Adaptation of the Alert Program®
Authors: Wells Anne M. , Chasnoff Ira J. , Schmidt Christine A. , Telford Erin , Schwartz Linda D. 
Published: December 2011

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study evaluated the effectiveness of neurocognitive habilitation, a group therapy intervention for foster and adoptive caregivers and their children who were prenatally exposed to alcohol.
METHOD. Participants were recruited from clients seeking evaluation for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) and were randomly assigned to treatment and no-treatment control groups. Forty children participated in the treatment program and were compared with 38 control participants using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) and the Roberts Apperception Test for Children (RATC).
RESULTS. Significant differences between the treatment and control groups were demonstrated on the BRIEF and on the RATC, suggesting that the intervention improved executive functioning and emotional problem-solving skills.
CONCLUSION. These findings yield promising evidence of the effectiveness of the neurocognitive habilitation intervention in improving executive functioning and emotional problem solving in children with FAS or ARND.
The cycle of form and function in cardiac valvulogenesis
Authors: Lindsey Stephanie E. , Butcher Jonathan T. 
Published: December 2011

AbstractThe formation and remodeling of the embryonic valves is a complex and dynamic process that occurs within a constantly changing hemodynamic environment. Defects in embryonic and fetal valve remodeling are the leading cause of congenital heart defects, yet very little is known about how fibrous leaflet tissue is created from amorphous gelatinous masses called cushions. Microenvironmental cues such as mechanical forces and extracellular matrix composition play major roles in cell differentiation, but almost all research efforts in valvulogenesis center around genetics and molecular approaches. This review summarizes what is known about the dynamic mechanical and extracellular matrix microenvironment of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves during embryonic development and their possible guidance roles. A variety of new computational tools and sophisticated experimental techniques are progressing that enable precise microenvironmental alterations that are critical to complement genetic gain and loss of function approaches. Studies at the interface of mechanical and genetic signaling in embryonic valvulogenesis will likely pay significant dividends, not only in terms of increasing our mechanistic understanding, but also lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for patients with congenital valve abnormalities.
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma: Clinicopathologic Study of 20 Cases
Authors: Shakked Rachel J , Geller David S , Gorlick Richard , Dorfman Howard D 
Published: December 2011

Context.—Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare, high-grade malignancy of bone or soft tissue with a unique, biphasic histology and poor prognosis. Because of its rarity and variable length of disease-free survival, the natural history of the disease remains poorly understood.
Objective.—To present clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma from one of the largest case series collected by a single, senior-level bone pathologist.
Design.—Twenty cases were reviewed in consultations spanning 45 years.
Results.—Eighteen tumors (90%) originated in bone, and 2 tumors (10%) were of extraskeletal origin. Of the skeletal tumors, locations included craniofacial bones (n  =  9; 50%), ribs and chest wall (n  =  4; 22%), sacrum and spinal elements (n  =  3; 17%), and lower extremities (n  =  2; 11%), whereas soft tissue tumors were located about the scapula (n  =  1; 50%) and lower extremity (n  =  1; 50%). Plain radiographs demonstrated calcified, osteolytic lesions with extraosseous extension. Typical histologic features were identified consisting of small, round or spindled cells, interspersed with hyaline cartilage islands. Seventeen patients (85%) were treated surgically, and 8 patients (40%) received adjuvant treatment. Seven patients (35%) were living at last follow-up, 1.8 to 12.5 years after diagnosis, and 8 patients (40%) died between 1.2 and 21.8 years after diagnosis.
Conclusions.—Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma presents multiple challenges. Diagnostic pitfalls include inadequate biopsy samples, which may result in sample error. Sox9 has been proposed as a unique marker for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma which may improve diagnostic specificity. Treatment and prognosis vary considerably. Patients who receive surgery and chemotherapy seem to fare better. Multicenter studies with higher sample numbers may improve our understanding of this malignancy.
Validation of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Using an Analyte-Specific Reagent for Detection of Abnormalities Involving the Mixed Lineage Leukemia Gene
Authors: Saxe Debra F , Persons Diane L , Wolff Daynna J , Theil Karl S ,   for the Cytogenetics Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists
Published: December 2011

Context.—Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic assay that is commonly used in laboratory medicine. Most FISH assays are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration but instead are laboratory-developed tests that use analyte-specific reagents. Although several guidelines exist for validation of FISH assays, few specific examples of FISH test validations are available in the literature.Objective.—To provide an example of how a FISH assay, using an analyte-specific reagent probe, may be validated in a clinical laboratory.Design.—We describe the approach used by an individual laboratory for validation of a FISH assay for mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene.Results.—Specific validation data are provided illustrating how initial assay performance characteristics in a FISH assay for MLL may be established.Conclusions.—Protocols for initial validation of FISH assays may vary between laboratories. However, all laboratories must establish several defined performance specifications prior to implementation of FISH assays for clinical use. We describe an approach used for assessing performance specifications and validation of an analyte-specific reagent FISH assay using probes for MLL rearrangement in interphase nuclei.
MDM2 Amplification in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Correlates With p53 Protein Expression
Authors: Wallander Michelle L , Tripp Sheryl , Layfield Lester J 
Published: December 2011

Context.—MDM2 is known to be abnormally upregulated in a variety of human neoplasms, secondary to gene amplification. Assessment of MDM2 amplification is most useful clinically for separating lipomas (nonamplified) from atypical lipomatous neoplasms or well-differentiated liposarcomas (amplified). MDM2 amplification occurs in approximately 7% of all human neoplasms. In this study, we sought to determine the utility of MDM2 amplification for the separation of benign (schwannomas) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). The expression of p53 was correlated with MDM2 amplification because early studies have indicated that MDM2 is rarely amplified in MPNSTs that express p53.Objectives.—To determine the percentage of MPNSTs with MDM2 amplification and the specificity of MDM2 amplification for malignancy in nerve sheath tumors.Design.—Fifteen MPNSTs, 14 neurofibromas, and 15 schwannomas were obtained from the files of the Department of Pathology. These cases underwent fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis for the presence of MDM2 amplification. Assessments were also made for cellularity (low or high), percentage of cells staining positively for p53 and MDM2 protein, and percentage of cells staining with MIB-1.Results.—Of 15 MPNSTs, 3 (20%) demonstrated amplification of the MDM2 gene. No neurofibromas or schwannomas demonstrated MDM2 amplification. All 3 MDM2-amplified MPNSTs were positive for p53. Correlation of MDM2 amplification status and p53 immunoreactivity was statistically significant (P  =  .004).Conclusions.—The low frequency (20%) of MDM2 amplification in our series of MPNSTs demonstrates that MDM2 fluorescent in situ hybridization has limited diagnostic value for the separation of benign schwannomas and MPNSTs. Our study demonstrated a positive correlation (P  =  .004) between MDM2 amplification and p53 expression.
Pathologic Diagnostic Correlation With Breast Imaging Findings: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 48 Institutions
Authors: Idowu Michael O , Hardy Linday Bonner , Souers Rhona J , Nakhleh Raouf E 
Published: December 2011

Context.—Correlation of radiologic and pathologic findings is important for optimal management of patients with image-guided breast biopsies.Objectives.—To (1) evaluate the rates of radiologic and pathologic correlation in breast needle core biopsies, (2) evaluate laboratory and radiology practices associated with greater correlation rates, and (3) determine the rates at which the lack of radiologic-pathologic correlation is documented in pathology reports.Design.—The study was offered and conducted as a College of American Pathologists voluntary Q-Probes program. Participants in this study retrospectively reviewed 30 consecutive, initial, diagnostic needle core biopsy cases performed for abnormal radiologic findings. If 12 months of accessioned cases were reviewed without identifying 30 qualifying cases, participants stopped the retrospective review and included all cases identified. For each case or specimen, the participants provided detailed information about the radiologic and pathologic findings.Results.—In aggregate, a radiologic-pathologic correlation was found in 94.9% (1328 of 1399) of the cases reviewed, based on the participants' judgments. Significant differences in the correlation rates existed when cases were discussed at an interdepartmental, multidisciplinary conference (P &lt; .001). No significant differences were found in the correlation rates of the following: whether surgeons or radiologists performed the biopsy, whether cores with calcifications were identified by any method, and whether the laboratory had one or more designated breast pathologists.Conclusions.—Participation in a multidisciplinary breast conference is useful in radiologic-pathologic correlation. Active involvement by pathologists in correlating pathologic and radiologic findings is important.