bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synovial Sarcoma Is a Stem Cell Malignancy
Authors: Naka Norifumi , Takenaka Satoshi , Araki Nobuhito , Miwa Toshitada , Hashimoto Nobuyuki , Yoshioka Kiyoko , Joyama Susumu , Hamada Ken-ichiro , Tsukamoto Yoshitane , Tomita Yasuhiko , Ueda Takafumi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Itoh Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2010

AbstractSynovial sarcoma (SS) is a malignant soft tissue tumor characterized by its unique t(X;18)(p11;q11) chromosomal translocation leading to the formation of the SS18-SSX fusion gene. The resulting fusion protein product is considered to play as an aberrant transcription factor and transform target cells by perturbing their gene expression program. However, the cellular origin of SS is highly debated. We herein established two novel human SS cell lines, named Yamato-SS and Aska-SS, and investigated their biological properties. We found the self-renewal ability of these cells to generate sarcospheres, to form tumors in serial xenotransplantation and reconstitute the tumor phenotypes without fractionation by any surface markers. Both SS cells as well as clinical tissue specimens from 15 patients expressed the marker genes-associated stem cell identity, Oct3/4, Nanog, and Sox2. We also found that both SS cells displayed limited differentiation potentials for mesenchymal lineages into osteocytes and chondrocytes albeit with the expression of early mesenchymal and hematopoietic lineage genes. Upon SS18-SSX silencing with sequence-specific siRNAs, these SS cells exhibited morphological transition from spherical growth in suspension to adherent growth in monolayer, additional expression of later mesenchymal and hematopoietic lineage genes, and broader differentiation potentials into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and macrophages in appropriate differentiation cocktails. Collectively, these data suggest that a human multipotent mesenchymal stem cell can serve as a cell of origin for SS and SS is a stem cell malignancy resulting from dysregulation of self-renewal and differentiation capacities driven by SS18-SSX fusion protein.
Concise Review: Multiple Niches for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Regulations
Authors: Oh Il-Hoan , Kwon Kyung-Rim 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Two types of stem cell niches in bone marrow (BM), endosteal osteoblastic, and vascular niches are involved in the microenvironmental regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Recently, redundant features of the two niches were identified, based on their common cellular origins or chemical mediators being produced in each niche. In contrast, studies have also revealed that HSCs are localized differentially in the niches with respect to their distinct functional status, and that the biological activity of each niche is differentially influenced by extrinsic conditions. An important question is, therefore, whether these two niches play distinct roles in regulating HSCs and whether they respond differentially to environmental stimuli/stress for “compartmentalized” niche organization in BM. In this review, recent discoveries related to the characteristics of each type of niche and their common or unique features are discussed, along with the possibility of multiniche regulation of HSCs in BM.
Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells Promote Proliferation of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Through Vascular Niches After Cerebral Infarction
Authors: Nakano-Doi Akiko , Nakagomi Takayuki , Fujikawa Masatoshi , Nakagomi Nami , Kubo Shuji , Lu Shan , Yoshikawa Hiroo , Soma Toshihiro , Taguchi Akihiko , Matsuyama Tomohiro 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) is a potential treatment for various ischemic diseases, such as ischemic stroke. Although angiogenesis has been considered primarily responsible for the effect of BMMCs, their direct contribution to endothelial cells (ECs) by being a functional elements of vascular niches for neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) has not been considered. Herein, we examine whether BMMCs affected the properties of ECs and NSPCs, and whether they promoted neurogenesis and functional recovery after stroke. We compared i.v. transplantations 1 × 106 BMMCs and phosphate-buffered saline in mice 2 days after cortical infarction. Systemically administered BMMCs preferentially accumulated at the postischemic cortex and peri-infarct area in brains; cell proliferation of ECs (angiogenesis) at these regions was significantly increased in BMMCs-treated mice compared with controls. We also found that endogenous NSPCs developed in close proximity to ECs in and around the poststroke cortex and that ECs were essential for proliferation of these ischemia-induced NSPCs. Furthermore, BMMCs enhanced proliferation of NSPCs as well as ECs. Proliferation of NSPCs was suppressed by additional treatment with endostatin (known to inhibit proliferation of ECs) following BMMCs transplantation. Subsequently, neurogenesis and functional recovery were also promoted in BMMCs-treated mice compared with controls. These results suggest that BMMCs can contribute to the proliferation of endogenous ischemia-induced NSPCs through vascular niche regulation, which includes regulation of endothelial proliferation. In addition, these results suggest that BMMCs transplantation has potential as a novel therapeutic option in stroke treatment.
Dicer Ablation Impairs Prostate Stem Cell Activity and Causes Prostate Atrophy
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Boyu , Valdez Joseph M. , Wang Fen , Ittmann Michael , Xin Li 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
Dicer is an RNase III enzyme essential for microRNA maturation. Dicer ablation in diverse tissues has been shown to block tissue differentiation, induce cell apoptosis, impair specialized cellular function, and perturb organ structures. To gain insight into the role of microRNAs in prostate tissue function and homeostasis, we conditionally disrupted Dicer activity in the mouse prostate using an ARR2PB-Cre. We demonstrated that Dicer activity is disrupted in both prostatic basal/stem cells and differentiated luminal cells. Dicer knockout murine prostates are smaller in size and mass and develop epithelial hypotrophy in ventral prostates by 4 months. Dicer ablation induces increased apoptosis in the prostate, predominantly in the differentiated luminal cells. Paradoxically, a concurrent increase in proliferation is observed in both basal/stem cells and luminal cells, presumably due to compensatory growth of the cells devoid of homologous recombination in response to the elevated cellular apoptosis. We have previously shown that Lin(CD31CD45Ter119)−Sca-1+CD49fhigh (LSC) cells enrich for prostate stem cell activity. Through proliferation and differentiation, some LSC cells are capable of forming prostate spheres composed of cells at various stages of differentiation. Although LSC cells were expanded by threefold in Dicer knockout mice, the sphere-forming units of Dicer knockout prostate cells decreased by more than half compared with wild-type cells. In addition, most prostate spheres in the Dicer knockout culture were derived from cells that did not undergo homologous recombination. Our results demonstrate a critical role of microRNAs for the proliferative capacity of prostate stem cells and the maintenance of prostate homeostasis.
E-Cadherin-Mediated Cell–Cell Contact Is Critical for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation
Authors: Chen Taotao , Yuan Detian , Wei Bin , Jiang Jing , Kang Jiuhong , Ling Kun , Gu Yijun , Li Jinsong , Xiao Lei , Pei Gang 
Published: June 2010

Abstract
The low efficiency of reprogramming and genomic integration of virus vectors obscure the potential application of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells; therefore, identification of chemicals and cooperative factors that may improve the generation of iPS cells will be of great value. Moreover, the cellular mechanisms that limit the reprogramming efficiency need to be investigated. Through screening a chemical library, we found that two chemicals reported to upregulate E-cadherin considerably increase the reprogramming efficiency. Further study of the process indicated that E-cadherin is upregulated during reprogramming and the established iPS cells possess E-cadherin-mediated cell–cell contact, morphologically indistinguishable from embryonic stem (ES) cells. Our experiments also demonstrate that overexpression of E-cadherin significantly enhances reprogramming efficiency, whereas knockdown of endogenous E-cadherin reduces the efficiency. Consistently, abrogation of cell–cell contact by the inhibitory peptide or the neutralizing antibody against the extracellular domain of E-cadherin compromises iPS cell generation. Further mechanistic study reveals that adhesive binding activity of E-cadherin is required. Our results highlight the critical role of E-cadherin-mediated cell–cell contact in reprogramming and suggest new routes for more efficient iPS cell generation.
Fetal growth trajectories in Type‐1 diabetic pregnancy
Authors: Mulder E. J. H. , Koopman C. M. , Vermunt J. K. , de Valk H. W. , Visser G. H. A. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the individual intrauterine growth patterns of fetuses of insulin‐dependent (Type‐1) diabetic women and to examine determinants of overgrowth (macrosomia) and its timing.MethodsThis retrospective longitudinal study examined the developmental trajectories of fetal abdominal circumference (AC) and biparietal diameter in 76 Type‐1 diabetic women with singleton pregnancies. Latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with a shared fetal AC growth trajectory. Subsequently, maternal factors, including glycemic control as assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were examined to see whether they had any effect on fetal growth.ResultsFour subgroups with different AC growth patterns were identified. Differences in birth weight between the distinct subgroups were related to the shape of the AC growth velocity curve over gestation. Acceleration of AC growth commencing before or after 25 weeks' gestation was associated with the birth of a heavy or large‐for‐dates baby in 94 and 56% of cases, respectively. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.0%) during the periconception period or before 12 weeks' gestation was a modest predictor of midtrimester growth in AC. Other diabetes‐related factors, fetal sex, parity, or maternal weight/obesity were unrelated to the fetal growth pattern.ConclusionThe findings suggest that an individual fetus's growth trajectory is set early in gestation and that the contemporaneous degree of maternal glycemia plays a role in determining birth weight. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shunt diameter in agenesis of the ductus venosus with extrahepatic portosystemic shunt impacts on prognosis
Authors: Shen O. , Valsky D. V. , Messing B. , Cohen S. M. , Lipschuetz M. , Yagel S. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesAgenesis of the ductus venosus (ADV) is a rare condition in which there are two variants of umbilical vein drainage: intrahepatic shunt or extrahepatic (portosystemic) shunt. It has been posited that the extrahepatic variant carries a poorer prognosis. However, in the absence of associated anomalies there is still a wide variation in outcome. We evaluated the portal system in cases of ADV and aimed to identify parameters that might predict outcome.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of cases of ADV with extrahepatic shunt that had been examined in two centers, and collected new cases prospectively. The route of the shunt was depicted using two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging. In an attempt to characterize portal system and shunt developmental variations and their possible impact on outcome, the diameter of the shunt was compared with the diameter of the umbilical vein and the entire portal vasculature was assessed. Poor outcome was defined as persistent morbidity or fetal or neonatal death.ResultsTwenty‐two cases of ADV were identified: nine retrospectively and 13 prospectively. Aberrant shunts from the umbilical vein were identified to the right atrium, coronary sinus, inferior vena cava (IVC) and iliac vein. In seven of 22 cases (32%) a wide connection was observed. In six of these seven cases (86%) the outcome was poor, including four with severe associated anomalies and two with hepatic dysfunction. In five of these cases, cardiomegaly with tricuspid regurgitation was observed, as well as underdevelopment of the portal system. In only five of 15 cases with a narrow shunt (33%) was the outcome poor, and in all five cases the poor outcome was related to associated anomalies.ConclusionIn cases of ADV with extrahepatic shunt, portal system development is impacted by the diameter of the shunt. If the shunt is narrow, the portal system will have developed normally. A wide shunt is associated with underdevelopment or absence of the portal system. In cases of ADV with extrahepatic shunt, prognosis is determined by the severity of associated anomalies, the diameter of the shunt and development of the portal system. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘equals sign’: a novel marker in the diagnosis of fetal isolated cleft palate
Authors: Wilhelm L. , Borgers H. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the feasibility of visualization of the uvula and the soft palate during routine two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound examination and to develop a sonographic procedure that facilitates prenatal detection of isolated fetal cleft palate.MethodsWe examined 667 consecutive patients with a singleton pregnancy between 20 and 25 weeks of gestation who were referred to our practice for a detailed fetal anomaly scan. The uvula was visualized either in a frontal section through the neck and pharynx or via a transverse section with subsequent slight tilting of the transducer. The soft palate was visualized in a median sagittal section through the head. To test whether the techniques described are suitable for inclusion in routine examinations, the time allowed for a normal ultrasound scan was not changed from 30 min.ResultsA normal uvula could be visualized with a typical echo pattern (the ‘equals sign’) in 90.7% of the cases and the soft palate could be completely visualized in a median sagittal section in 85.3% of the cases. Visualization of at least one of the two structures (either the uvula or the soft palate) was successful in 98.4% of the cases. In one case an isolated cleft palate (in an otherwise normal fetus) was diagnosed; in one case with a cleft lip and palate, the cleft palate and the completely split uvula were detected. In 1.2% of the cases the examination did not provide sufficient information on either the uvula or the soft palate.ConclusionsIn a high percentage of cases, relevant soft palate structures can be visualized successfully with 2D ultrasound, permitting cleft palate to be ruled out in routine examinations. Visualization of the equals sign proves an intact palate. Absence of the equals sign indicates cleft palate and should prompt further examination of the soft palate in a median sagittal section. Cleft palate can be confirmed when the soft palate cannot be visualized. This technique also facilitates evaluation of the soft palate in the event of a cleft lip and palate. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonic‐Assistance and Aging Time Effects on the Zeolitation Process of BZSM‐5 Zeolite
Authors: Abrishamkar Maryam , Azizi Seyed Naser , Kazemian Hossein 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe isomorphic substitution of boron into ZSM‐5 zeolite under static hydrothermal condition was investigated. Evaluation of hydrothermal synthesis of BZSM‐5 was performed by treating the synthesis mixture by different aging processes, namely, ultrasonic, static, stirring, and microwave‐assisted aging prior to the conventional hydrothermal treatment. The synthetic processes with different techniques of aging prior to the onset of conventional hydrothermal crystallization were compared with a process without any prior aging. The obtained results showed that the ultrasonic and microwave assisted aging shortened the crystallization time and altered the crystal size and the morphology of the obtained products. The characteristics of the synthesized products were obtained by FT‐IR spectroscopic, XRD and SEM techniques.
[BeCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2] – ein Donor‐Akzeptorkomplex des Berylliums mit dem Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methan‐Liganden
Authors: Frenking Gernot , Holzmann Nicole , Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe donor‐acceptor complex [BeCl2(Ph2PCH2PPh2)2] (1·2CH2Cl2) was prepared from beryllium dichloride and bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane in dichloromethane suspension to give colorless single crystals, which were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. Compound 1·2CH2Cl2 crystallizes monoclinically in space group C2/c with four formula units per unit cell. Lattice dimensions at 193(2) K: a = 2339.5(2), b = 916.7(1), c = 2415.4(2) pm, β = 97.15(1)°, R1 = 0.0386. The structure of 1 consists of distorted tetrahedral molecules with site symmetry C2 and bond lengths Be–Cl of 196.8(2) pm and Be–P of 220.6(3) pm. Quantum chemical calculations at the RI‐BP86/SV(P) level give a structure of 1, which is in very good agreement with the experimental one. The calculations predict that the bond dissociation energies of the first and second Ph2PCH2PPh2 ligand from 1 are De = 16.8 kcal·mol–1 and 24.3 kcal·mol–1, respectively.
Clinical observations, molecular genetic analysis, and treatment of sitosterolemia in infants and children
Authors: Niu Dau‐Ming , Chong Kah‐Wai , Hsu Ju‐Hui , Wu Tina Jui‐Ting , Yu Hsiao‐Chi , Huang Cheng‐Hung , Lo Ming‐Yu , Kwok Ching Fai , Kratz Lisa E. , Ho Low‐Tone 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe clinical observation and treatment of young children with sitosterolemia has rarely been reported. We report clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic observations and treatment outcomes for five Chinese children from four separate families presenting with sitosterolemia in whom we identified two new (Y329X, G269R) and three known (R446X, N437K, R389H) mutations in the ABCG5 gene. The R389H mutation was found in 50% of alleles. Three of these five patients received cholestyramine therapy with a very good response. However, all patients discontinued this therapy because of poor compliance. Finally, all patients were on ezetimibe therapy and had satisfactory total serum cholesterol levels, though their plant sterol levels were still higher than normal. Another noteworthy finding is that a female infant had a serum cholesterol level of 654 mg/dl at 7 months of age, despite being breast fed (with very tiny amounts of plant sterols) since birth and undergoing 4 months of ezetimibe administration. Although she failed to respond to ezetimibe during this period, she did show improvement when the therapy was started again at 2 years of age. It is possible that another 23‐month‐old female patient also responded more slowly to ezetimibe treatment than older patients.
A Survey to Determine Current Practice Patterns in the Surgical Treatment of Advanced Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthrosis
Authors: Brunton Lance M. , Wilgis E. F. Shaw 
Published: June 2010

Background The purpose of this study was to determine current practice patterns and examine the influence of recent evidence in the surgical treatment of advanced thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthrosis. Methods A survey was sent to 2,536 American Society for Surgery of the Hand members. Information regarding specialty training, years of experience, annual cases performed, treatment of choice, technique, and postoperative immobilization was collected. Respondents were asked whether their current treatment of choice differs from what they performed 5 years ago and about the importance of ligament reconstruction and “interposition” to thumb CMC arthroplasty success. Results One thousand twenty-four respondents completed the survey (40% response rate). Treatment of choice was trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (68%), regardless of specialty training, years of experience, and annual cases performed. Over 70% favored treatment that was not different from what they performed 5 years ago. Less than 3% of respondents perform a trapeziectomy alone; only 14 surgeons have changed to this procedure in the last 5 years. Only 35% of the 822 respondents who perform a ligament reconstruction and 14% of the 764 respondents who perform an interposition believe those techniques are “extremely important” to thumb CMC arthroplasty success. Conclusions Despite recent evidence that suggests neither ligament reconstruction nor tendon interposition confers any additional benefit over trapeziectomy alone, few respondents have converted to the simpler procedure. Either the current evidence is not convincing enough to drastically change practice patterns, or other factors apart from this evidence have a greater influence on surgical decision-making for advanced thumb CMC osteoarthrosis.
A REMARK ON THE STRONG LAW FOR B-VALUED ARRAYS OF RANDOM ELEMENTS
Authors: HU TIEN-CHUNG , CHEN PING YAN , WEBER N. C. 
Published: June 2010

AbstractThe conditions in the strong law of large numbers given by Li et al. [‘A strong law for B-valued arrays’, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.123 (1995), 3205–3212] for B-valued arrays are relaxed. Further, the compact logarithm rate law and the bounded logarithm rate law are discussed for the moving average process based on an array of random elements.
Diet attributes of lactating ewes at pasture using faecal NIRS and relationship to pasture characteristics and milk production
Authors: BOVAL M. , ORTEGA-JIMENEZ E. , FANCHONE A. , ALEXANDRE G. 
Published: June 2010

SUMMARYIn order to assess the diet of lactating ewes fed at pasture and the relationship of diet quality to pasture characteristics and milk production (MP), 12 lactating ewes were monitored during five lactation cycles (LCs). Individual faecal samples were collected three times per LC and scanned using a Foss NIRSystem 6500 monochromator. The organic matter digestibility (OMD), organic matter intake (OMI), digestible OMI (DOMI) and the chemical composition of the herbage ingested, i.e. the crude protein (CP) content of the herbage ingested (CPi) and the acid detergent fibre and lignin contents of the herbage ingested (ADFi and ADLi), were determined. The MP of the ewes and the pasture characteristics were measured and their relationships with diet quality were analysed.OMI and DOMI were higher during the first and the fourth LC (P<0·01). OMD and CPi were higher during the second and the fifth LC (P<0·01). MP varied with OMI (P<0·01) and with DOMI (MP=0·1362×DOMI0·53,R2=0·40,P<0·001), whereas it was negatively correlated with OMD (r=−0·46,P<0·001). OMD and CPi were both positively correlated with the CP content of the pasture (r=0·25,P<0·03;r=0·50,P<0·001), whereas the ADFi was negatively correlated with CP content (r=−0·48,P<0·01). The variation in OMI, DOMI and MP, on the one hand, and OMD and CPi, on the other, throughout the different LCs illustrates the importance of measuring several parameters when evaluating diets at pasture.