bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 deficiency: altered thyroid morphology and persistent high triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio after thyroidectomy
Authors: Wirth Eva K , Sheu Sien-Yi , Chiu-Ugalde Jazmin , Sapin Remy , Klein Marc O , Mossbrugger Ilona , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Hrabě de Angelis Martin , Krude Heiko , Riebel Thomas , Rothe Karin , Köhrle Josef , Schmid Kurt W , Schweizer Ulrich , Grüters Annette 
Published: August 2011

ContextThyroid hormone transport across the plasma membrane depends on transmembrane transport proteins, including monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). Mutations in MCT8 (or SLC16A2) lead to a severe form of X-linked psychomotor retardation, which is characterised by elevated plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and low/normal thyroxine (T4). MCT8 contributes to hormone release from the thyroid gland.ObjectiveTo characterise the potential impact of MCT8-deficiency on thyroid morphology in a patient and in Mct8-deficient mice.DesignThyroid morphology in a patient carrying the A224V mutation was followed by ultrasound imaging for over 10 years. After thyroidectomy, a histopathological analysis was carried out. The findings were compared with histological analyses of mouse thyroids from the Mct8−/y model.ResultsWe show that an inactivating mutation in MCT8 leads to a unique, progressive thyroid follicular pathology in a patient. After thyroidectomy, histological analysis revealed gross morphological changes, including several hyperplastic nodules, microfollicular areas with stromal fibrosis and a small focus of microfollicular structures with nuclear features reminiscent of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). These findings are supported by an Mct8-null mouse model in which we found massive papillary hyperplasia in 6- to 12-month-old mice and nuclear features consistent with PTC in almost 2-year-old animals. After complete thyroidectomy and substitution with levothyroxine (l-T4), the preoperative, inadequately low T4 and free T4 remained, while increasing the l-T4 dosage led to T3 serum concentrations above the normal range.ConclusionsOur results implicate peripheral deiodination in the peculiar hormonal constellation of MCT8-deficient patients. Other MCT8-deficient patients should be closely monitored for potential thyroid abnormalities.
Transmission Electron Miscroscopy Study of the Fused Silicon/Diamond Interface
Authors: Yushin G. N. , Wolter S. D. , Kvit A. V. , Collazo R. , Prater J. T. , Sitar Z. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBonding of polished, polycrystalline diamond films to silicon was performed in ultra high vacuum at 32 MPa of applied uniaxial stress. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation revealed that the interface of all bonded samples was non-uniform. An abrupt boundary between the two wafers existed only in some parts of the interface, while other parts contained an amorphous interlayer of up to 40 nm in thickness. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) revealed that this interlayer consisted of oxygen, carbon and silicon. Based on comparison of the microstructure and chemical composition of the interface formed at different bonding temperatures, we propose a model for the silicon/diamond wafer fusion process.
Laser Assisted Molecular Beam Deposition of Thin Films for Gate Dielectrics Applications
Authors: DeLeon Robert L. , Garvey James F. , Tompa Gary S. , Moore Richard , Efstathiadis Harry 
Published: August 2011

AbstractHigh dielectric constant (k), the thermal stability and the chemical stability with respect to reaction with silicon of hafnium oxide (HfO2), and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) places them among the leading candidates for an alternative gate dielectric material. High dielectric constant HfO2 and ZrO2 thin films have successfully been deposited on silicon substrates at a temperature of 27 °C by Laser Assisted Molecular Beam Deposition (LAMBD). The LAMBD process is related to conventional Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). In the PLD process, the ablation plume impinges directly upon the substrate to deposit the thin film, whereas in the LAMBD process, the ablation material is expanded within a concurrently pulsed stream of a reactive gas. The gas pulse serves both to create the desired material and to transport the material to the substrate for deposition of the thin film. One advantage of the LAMBD process is that a chemically reactive carrier gas can be selected to produce the desired chemical products. Depositions yielded 35 nm to 135 nm thick HfO2, and ZrO2 films.Structural and chemical characterization of the films were performed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Rutherford back-scattering (RBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Film surface was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) while optical characterization was also performed by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Within the process window investigated, the film Hf/O and Zr/O ratios was found to be in the range 0.6 to 1.2. The as deposited films were amorphous with refraction index (RI) at 623 nm wavelength films in the range of 1.22 to 1.27 for the HfO2 and in the range of 1.23 to 1.19 for the ZrO2 films.
A morphological and molecular study in theDeschampsia cespitosacomplex (Poaceae; Poeae; Airinae) in northern North America
Authors: Chiapella Jorge O. , DeBoer Veronica L. , Amico Guillermo C. , Kuhl Joseph C. 
Published: August 2011

•Premise of the study:In the North American Arctic, the existence of one or several taxa closely related toDeschampsia cespitosavar.cespitosahas remained a puzzle for many years. Extreme morphological variation, lack of clear limits between alleged forms, and an extended geographic range often render identification keys incomplete, and raise the question of how many species this taxon represents.•Methods:Morphological and molecular analysis, including multivariate statistics, ITS and the cpDNA markertrnK‐rps16, was conducted onD. cespitosavar.cespitosaand related taxa using 201 herbarium specimens from northern North America (Alaska, Canada, and Greenland). Fifty‐three morphological centeracters were recorded from all specimens, while sequences were retrieved from 167 specimens.•Key results:Results show thatDeschampsia cespitosa(L.) P. Beauv. var.cespitosa,D. cespitosasubsp.alpina(L.) Tzvelev,D. cespitosasubsp.beringensis(Hultén) W. E. Lawr.,D. brevifoliaR. Br.,D. cespitosa(L.) P. Beauv. subsp.glauca(Hartm.) C. Hartm.,D. mackenzieanaRaup,D. cespitosasubsp.orientalisHultén, andD. pumila(Griseb.) Ostenf. differed significantly in a few morphological variables, but molecularly are a closely related group with several sequences and haplotypes that are nearly identical.•Conclusions:Overall, the evidence points to the existence of a single species,Deschampsia cespitosa. The occurrence of slightly different morphological types related to specific geographical distributions allows recognition of three additional taxa at the infraspecific level,D. cespitosasubsp.alpina,D. cespitosasubsp.beringensis, andD. brevifolia. All studied taxa showed morphological variation in a gradient, suggesting the existence of phenotypic plasticity.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Patellar Tendon Repair Materials in a Bovine Model
Authors: Flanigan David C. , Bloomfield Michael , Koh Jason 
Published: August 2011

We evaluated the biomechanical properties of FiberWire (Arthrex, Inc, Naples, Florida), a new suture material, for both repair and augmentation as compared to standard Ethibond suture (Ethicon, Inc, Somerville, New Jersey), hypothesizing that primary repair and cerclage augmentation with the new suture material would have similar biomechanical properties as a standard repair with wire augmentation.
Forty-five fresh bovine knees were placed in 3 groups of equal size: (1) #5 Ethibond tendon repair plus 18-gauge wire augmentation; (2) #5 FiberWire repair plus #5 FiberWire augmentation; and (3) #5 Ethibond repair plus #5 FiberWire augmentation. A straight static pullout test was performed, randomly alternating between the different groups. Gap formation was measured at the center of the repair by a metric ruler, with the examiner blinded to the developing force-tension readout. For each millimeter of gap formation (1–10 mm), the force on the repair was recorded, as well as the force at the ultimate failure of the repair, designated by breakage of any repair material. Analysis showed no significant difference between the standard Ethibond/wire repair and the FiberWire/FiberWire repair. The Ethibond/FiberWire repair was shown to be significantly weaker than the other 2 groups. Ultimate failure data indicated that the Ethibond/wire repair was significantly stronger than both other groups. No significant differences were found between the FiberWire/FiberWire repair and the Ethibond/FiberWire repair. Newer, stronger suture material for both primary repair and augmentation may provide equivalent biomechanical strength at clinically significant levels.
Myopic LASIK and LASEK in Patients With Preoperative Mean Central Keratometry ≥47.50 D
Authors: Ortega-Usobiaga Julio , Martín-Reyes Clara , Llovet-Osuna Fernando , Beltrán-Sanz Jaime , Caro Manuel , Baviera-Sabater Julio 
Published: August 2011

PURPOSE:
To evaluate whether patients who undergo myopic LASIK or laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) with preoperative central keratometry ≥47.50 diopters (D) are at higher risk for developing corneal ectasia postoperatively.

METHODS:
Records of 32 patients (54 eyes) who underwent myopic LASIK or LASEK between May 2002 and July 2005 with preoperative mean central keratometry ≥47.50 D were retrospectively reviewed. Patients eligible for the study were offered free follow-up. Last follow-up was at least 3 years after surgery. All procedures were performed with the Technolas Keracor 217z excimer laser (Bausch & Lomb).

RESULTS:
Twenty-four patients (40 eyes) had LASIK and 8 patients (14 eyes) had LASEK. At last follow-up, no patient had developed ectasia.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that patients with preoperative central keratometry ≥47.50 D as the only parameter evaluated should not be excluded from corneal refractive surgery due to increased risk of postoperative ectasia. However, when this preoperative finding is accompanied by other topographic abnormalities, treatment options should be carefully evaluated.
Sequential Reductive Amination‐Hydrogenolysis: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Challenging Chiral Primary Amines
Authors: Nugent Thomas C. , Negru Daniela E. , El‐Shazly Mohamed , Hu Dan , Sadiq Abdul , Bibi Ahtaram , Umar M. Naveed 
Published: August 2011

AbstractDifficult‐to‐access chiral primary amines were formed in good to high yield and ee using a rare example of a one‐pot synthesis from prochiral ketones (sequential reductive amination‐hydrogenloysis). As a highlight we also demonstrate a one‐pot reductive amination‐hydrogenolysis‐reductive amination (five reactions) of ortho‐methoxyacetophenone resulting in the chiral diamine 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)ethyl‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐amine (4) (58% overall yield, >99% ee), a new organocatalyst for aqueous enantioselective aldol reactions.
α‐Sulfonyl Succinimides: Versatile Sulfinate Donors in Fe‐Catalyzed, Salt‐Free, Neutral Allylic Substitution
Authors: Jegelka Markus , Plietker Bernd 
Published: August 2011

AbstractAllyl sulfones are versatile intermediates in organic chemistry. The presence of two distinct functional groups sets the stage for a plethora of subsequent transformations. However, despite these advantages the preparation of regioisomerically enriched sulfones is not easy. The use of sulfinate salts as nucleophiles in substitutions is frequently accompanied by side reactions such as π‐bond migration, β‐elimination, and so on. Herein we present a preparatively simple way to synthesize a variety of different aryl or alkyl allyl sulfones starting from readily accessible allylic carbonates. By employing aryl or alkyl α‐sulfonyl succinimides as sulfinate synthons, mild and regioselective ipso substitution of diverse allylic carbonates was realized.
Synthesis of Isoreticular Zinc(II)‐Phosphonocarboxylate Frameworks and Their Application in the Friedel–Crafts Benzylation Reaction
Authors: Deng Mingli , Ling Yun , Xia Bing , Chen Zhenxia , Zhou Yaming , Liu Xiaofeng , Yue Bin , He Heyong 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThree isoreticular zinc(II)‐phosphonocarboxylate frameworks, namely {[Zn3(pbdc)2]⋅2 H3O}n (ZnPC‐2), {[Zn3(pbdc)2]⋅Hpd⋅H3O⋅4 H2O}n (Hpd@ZnPC‐2) and {[Co1.5Zn1.5(pbdc)2]⋅2 H3O}n (CoZnPC‐2) (H4pbdc=5‐phosphonobenzene‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid, pd=pyrrolidine), were solvothermally synthesized. ZnPC‐2 has a 3D structure based on trinuclear ZnII clusters (Zn3‐SBU) showing 3D interconnected channels. Hpd@ZnPC‐2 contains an isoreticular framework of ZnPC‐2 with small channels blocked by Hpd molecules. In CoZnPC‐2, ZnII ions in ZnPC‐2 are partially substituted by CoII ions. The Friedel–Crafts benzylation reactions were carried out over these isoreticular porous materials. The catalytic results reveal that ZnPC‐2 is an excellent heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst with a high selectivity (>90 %) towards less bulky para‐oriented products. The catalytic reaction has been proved to occur inside the pore of ZnPC‐2, and the immobilized Zn3‐SBUs are the active sites.
Tissue‐specific alterations of methyl group metabolism with DNA hypermethylation in the Zucker (type 2) diabetic fatty rat
Authors: Williams Kelly T. , Schalinske Kevin L. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundAltered methyl group and homocysteine metabolism were tissue‐specific, persistent, and preceded hepatic DNA hypomethylation in type 1 diabetic rats. Similar metabolic perturbations have been shown in the Zucker (type 2) diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat in the pre‐diabetic and early diabetic stages, but tissue specificity and potential impact on epigenetic marks are unknown, particularly during pathogenesis.Methods ZDF (fa/fa) and lean (+/?) control rats were killed at 12 and 21 weeks of age, representing early and advanced diabetic conditions. Blood and tissues were analysed with respect to methyl group and homocysteine metabolism, including DNA methylation.Results At 12 weeks, hepatic glycine N‐methyltransferase (GNMT), methionine synthase, and cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS) activity and/or abundance were increased in ZDF rats. At 21 weeks, GNMT activity was increased in liver and kidney; however, only hepatic CBS protein abundance (12 weeks) and betaine‐homocysteine S‐methyltransferase mRNA expression (21 weeks) were significantly elevated (78 and 100%, respectively). Hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase expression was also elevated in the ZDF rat. Homocysteine concentrations were decreased in plasma and kidney, but not in liver, at 12 and 21 weeks. In contrast to hepatic DNA hypomethylation in the type 1 diabetic rat, genomic DNA was hypermethylated at 12 and 21 weeks in the liver of ZDF rats, concomitant with an increase in DNA methyltransferase 1 expression at 21 weeks.ConclusionsThe pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the ZDF rat was associated with tissue and disease stage‐specific aberrations of methyl group and homocysteine metabolism, with persistent hepatic global DNA hypermethylation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First‐trimester maternal vitamin D status and risk for gestational diabetes (GDM) a nested case‐control study
Authors: Baker Arthur M. , Haeri Sina , Camargo Carlos A. , Stuebe Alison M. , Boggess Kim A. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency may contribute to impaired glucose metabolism. There are sparse data regarding vitamin D and the development of gestational diabetes (GDM). The objective of this study was to assess if first‐trimester vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent in women later diagnosed with GDM compared with women with uncomplicated pregnancies.MethodsWe conducted a nested case‐control study of pregnant women who had previously given blood for routine genetic multiple marker screening and subsequently delivered at a tertiary hospital between November 2004 and July 2009. From an overall cohort of 4225 women, 60 cases of GDM were matched by race/ethnicity with 120 women delivering at term (≥37 weeks) with uncomplicated pregnancies. Banked maternal serum was used to measure maternal 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D].ResultsThe prevalence of first‐trimester maternal vitamin D deficiency (defined as 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) was comparable among women with GDM compared with controls (5/60 vs 8/120, p = 0.90). The median 25(OH)D level for all subjects was 89 nmol/L (interquartile range, 73–106 nmol/L). Seventy three percent (117/160) of the cohort had 25(OH)D levels ≥75 nmol/L.ConclusionsIn a cohort of pregnant women with mostly sufficient levels of serum 25(OH)D, vitamin D deficiency was not associated with GDM. Further studies are warranted with larger cohorts, especially in populations with lower levels of vitamin D. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Exploitation of Luminescent Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Polypyridine Complexes as Biomolecular and Cellular Probes (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 24/2011)
Authors: Lo Kenneth Kam‐Wing , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Li Steve Po‐Yam 
Published: August 2011

AbstractThe cover picture shows the numerous opportunities luminescent rhenium(I) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes offer regarding the development of probes for biological applications. Since the spectroscopic and luminescence properties of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes were reported in the 1970s, a number of sensors and probes have been derived from these complexes. K. K.‐W. Lo et al. describe in their Microreview on p. 3551 ff the fundamental emission characteristics of these complexes and explain why they hold promise for use as luminescent sensors. Additionally, the recent design of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl polypyridine complexes as biomolecular and cellular probes is summarized. Emphasis is placed on the structure–property relationships, bioconjugation, biomolecular binding, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and bioimaging studies of these complexes. Mr. Michael Wai‐Lun Chiang is acknowledged for the cover picture design.
Kriging‐based optimization applied to flow control
Authors: Duvigneau R. , Chandrashekar P. 
Published: August 2011

SUMMARYThe automatic optimization of flow control devices is a delicate issue because of the drastic computational time related to unsteady high‐fidelity flow analyses and the possible multimodality of the objective function. Thus, we experiment in this article the use of kriging‐based algorithms to optimize flow control parameters because these methods have shown their efficiency for global optimization at moderate cost. Navier–Stokes simulations, carried out for different control parameters, are used to build iteratively a kriging model. At each step, a statistical analysis is performed to enrich the model with new simulation results by exploring the most promising areas, until optimal flow control parameters are found. This approach is validated and demonstrated on two problems, including comparisons with similar studies: the control of the flow around an oscillatory rotating cylinder and the reduction of the intensity of a shock wave for a transonic airfoil by adding a bump to the airfoil profile. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The stream reach concept and the macro‐scale study of riverine agriculture in arid and semiarid environments
Authors: Nials Fred L. , Gregory David A. , Hill J. Brett 
Published: August 2011

AbstractMaize agriculture appears to have been introduced into the semiarid southern part of the North American Southwest ca. 2200–2000 B.C., at a time when valley bottoms were aggrading. Although small‐scale, high‐risk agriculture might have been practiced in many landscape positions, valley‐bottom locations having particular geomorphic and/or hydrologic conditions would have provided the places most risk‐free for farming. These places, associated with what are here called reach boundaries, have conditions that cause elevated water tables or enhance stream discharge, and have floodplain areas suitable for farming. Reach boundaries are easily identified, are relatively predictable in location and occurrence, and are early settled and/or long occupied. Deposition has been the dominant process in most valley bottoms in the southern Southwest for the last ca. 6000 years. Many streams across the region, however, experienced approximately synchronous periods of erosion when deeply incised channels (arroyos) formed in valley bottoms. Each of these periods of erosion, except for that which began in the late 1800s, was followed by a longer period of arroyo‐filling and floodplain aggradation, completing a so‐called alluvial cycle. Valley‐bottom conditions related to alluvial cycles would have greatly influenced the location, water availability, water management technology, and yield of agricultural ventures. Here we identify more than 280 reach boundaries in parts of the middle and upper Gila River and Mimbres River watersheds in Arizona and New Mexico. Spatial analysis shows a strong 4000‐year‐long correspondence between reach boundaries and agricultural sites where data are available. Identification and characterization of these locations may prove useful for locating yet unknown, deeply buried early agricultural sites (ca. 2200 B.C.–A.D. 200), in addition to providing explanations for prehistoric settlement patterns through time. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nasopharyngectomy for locally advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Exploring the limits
Authors: Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Chow Velda Ling Yu , Tsang Raymond , Wei William I. 
Published: August 2011

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present the outcome of nasopharyngectomy for locally advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsBetween 2000 and 2010, patients with locally advanced recurrent NPC were recruited. Surgical outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAmong the 22 patients recruited, all had extended resections via the maxillary swing approach, resulting in exposure of the petrosal part of the internal carotid artery (ICA). One patient required craniofacial approach for tumor removal. The curative resection rate was 81.8%. Free flap reconstruction was performed in all cases. The mean follow‐up period was 38.8 months. All patients survived. Although 1 patient developed local and systemic tumor recurrence, the rest of the patients remained disease free. There was no carotid blowout or osteoradionecrosis of the skull base.ConclusionCurative resections can be achieved for locally advanced recurrent NPC with good outcome. Microvascular free flap reconstruction is crucial to prevent carotid artery blowout and osteoradionecrosis of the skull base. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012