bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Smoking Status on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Malondialdehyde Levels in Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Tonguç Mine Öztürk , Öztürk Önder , Sütçü Recep , Ceyhan Betül Mermi , Kılınç Gizem , Sönmez Yonca , Yetkin Ay Zuhal , Şahin Ünal , Baltacıoğlu Esra , Kırzıoğlu F.Yeşim 
Published: January 2011

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of smoking status on the systemic and local superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: Sixty‐five CP patients (23 smokers [CP‐S], 23 former smokers [CP‐FS], and 19 non‐smokers [CP‐NS]) and 20 periodontally healthy non‐smoker controls (PH‐NS) were included in the study. After the clinical measurements, serum and gingival tissue samples were collected. SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT activities and MDA levels in hemolysates and gingival tissue samples were spectrophotometrically assayed.Results: Blood MDA levels in all the periodontitis groups were higher than in the PH‐NS group but only the difference between CP‐FS and PH‐NS groups was significant (P <0.01). Gingival tissue MDA levels in the periodontitis groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.01). However, the control group had the highest gingival SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT activities compared with all the periodontitis groups (P <0.01). The CP‐S group had the highest gingival MDA levels and SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT activities among the periodontitis groups, whereas the lowest values were observed in the CP‐NS group (P <0.01). The blood and gingival MDA levels in the CP‐FS group were similar in the CP‐NS group, whereas they were lower than in the CP‐S group.Conclusions: Systemic and local MDA levels are increased by smoking in addition to the impact of periodontitis. The decreased local SOD, GSH‐Px, and CAT activities observed in periodontitis patients may increase with smoking.
Modeling Permeability Distributions in a Sandstone Core for History Matching Coreflood Experiments
Authors: Krause M.. , Perrin J.-C.. -C. , Benson S.M.. M. 
Published: January 2011

Summary
Saline-aquifer storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) has become recognized as an important strategy for climate-change mitigation. Saline aquifers have very large estimated storage capacities, are distributed broadly across the globe, and have the potential for geologic-scale retention times. Many of these storage sites are not well characterized, and it is critical to conduct detailed experiments and analysis to understand how features such as heterogeneity can influence the theoretical storage capacity, spatial extent of plume migration, and secondary trapping processes. Coreflooding experiments are used routinely by the oil and gas industry for such analysis and provide a very useful tool for studying saline-aquifer formations also. Numerical simulations of these coreflooding experiments can provide insight beyond the experimental measurements themselves, such as numerically studying how properties such as relative permeability and capillary pressure affect CO2 distribution in these systems under various flow conditions. However, accurate subcore-scale simulations of these experiments have remained a challenge, and the issue of how to represent subcorescale permeability has not been resolved previously.
Laboratory coreflooding experiments injecting CO2 into a saline-water-saturated Berea sandstone core have been conducted at reservoir conditions. Computed-tomography (CT) scans of the core show large spatial variations of CO2 saturation, even within a relatively homogeneous core. Numerical simulations of the experiment have been conducted to study the effect of subcorescale heterogeneity and the role of permeability in determining the subcore-scale CO2 distribution in the core to explain these very large spatial variations in CO2 saturation.
Numerical simulations of the experiment consistently showed that use of traditional methods for estimating subcore-scale permeability, typically based solely on porosity distributions, results in subcore-scale saturation distributions that do not match experimental measurements. In this paper, we develop a new method for calculating subcore-scale permeability distributions on the basis of capillary pressure measurements and porosity distributions as an alternative to the traditional porosity-only-based models. Using experimentally measured saturation and porosity distributions and capillary pressure data to calculate permeability, simulations based on this new method show a substantial improvement both in the absolute value and in the spatial distribution of predicted CO2-saturation values. With this technique for accurately calculating permeability distributions, it is possible to study subcore-scale multiphase flow of brine and CO2 to understand how small-scale heterogeneities influence the spatial distribution of CO2 saturation and to improve our ability to predict the fate of stored CO2.
Mapping of mechanical properties of the surface by utilization of torsional oscillation of the cantilever in atomic force microscopy
Authors: Sikora Andrzej , Bednarz Lukasz 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The measurement of the surface topography in dynamic mode (intermittent contact mode) is one of the most popular ways of imaging surfaces at nanoscale with atomic force microscopy. It also allows obtaining so called phase images which reveal the viscous-elastic non-homogeneities of the surface, therefore can be used for detecting the presence of different materials. It is, however, very difficult to interpret the phase map due to the origin of phenomena, method of signal detection and processing. Therefore one cannot determine whether the observed feature is caused by increase or decrease of any of specific mechanical properties of the surface. In this article we present the modified setup of commercially available AFM, where detection of torsional oscillation of the cantilever is used for the determination of mechanical properties such as: elasticity, adhesion, peak force and energy dissipation. By advanced signal processing, the reconstruction of the force spectroscopy curve and the calculation of mentioned parameters are performed. All the operations are done in real time regime. The developed method allows one to obtain much more complex information about measured surface. Test measurement results are also presented.
Topography and nanomechanical properties of Pd-C films
Authors: Rymarczyk Joanna , Czerwosz Elzbieta , Richter Asta 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographical studies and results of nanoindentation experiment for several palladium-carbon films (Pd-C film) deposited on various substrates and with varying palladium content are presented. Pd-C films were prepared by a physical vapor decomposition (PVD) process and next were modified by a chemical vapor decomposition (CVD) method to obtain carbonaceous porous structure with dispersed palladium nanograins and a variation in roughness.
The dependence of film topography on the kind of substrate such as Al2O3, Mo polycrystalline foil and fused silica was studied by AFM. Nanomechanical properties such as hardness and the reduced indentation modulus were determined by nanoindentation. A comparison of these values for films with different Pd content deposited on various substrates is presented.
Molecular dynamics of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(phenylene sulfide) nanocomposites with barium titanate
Authors: Konieczna Monika , Woźniak-Braszak Aneta , Hołderna-Natkaniec Krystyna , Jurga Jan 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
The relaxation processes and the properties of polymer/ceramic nanocomposites have been studied by the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Nanocomposites of poly(ethylene terephthalate) PET and poly(phenylene sulfide) PPS with 0.25, 2.5 and 5% wt. barium titanate BT were prepared using a twin screw extruder and injection moulding machine. The spin-lattice relaxation time T1, second moment M2 and the motional parameters as e.g. the activation energies in the nanocomposites were investigated.
Numerical analysis of space charge effects in electron bunches at laser-driven plasma accelerators
Authors: Ashmore Anthony , Bartolini Riccardo , Delerue Nicolas 
Published: January 2011

Abstract
Laser-driven Plasma Accelerators (LPA) have successfully generated high energy, high charge electron bunches which can reach many kA peak current, over short distances. Space charge issues, even in transport lines as simple as a drift section, have to be carefully taken into account since they can degrade the beam quality, preventing any further application of such electron beams. We analyse the space charge effects within an electron bunch with numerical simulations in order to assess their effect on the beam. We use LPA beam parameters published in previous experimental studies. These studies can give an indication of the working point where space charge can dominate the beam dynamics and has to be taken into account in the application of such beams.
Le « monde disparu » et la « société naissante » : représentations savantes de la sortie du communisme en Roumanie.
Authors: Cirstocea Ioana 
Published: January 2011

The "lost world" and the "emerging society":
Intellectual conceptions of the Romanian transition out of Communism
For readers not familiar with studies by Romanian scholars, most of which are not available in the languages used for international communication, a few themes related to Communism in Romania and the transition out of it are proposed. Focus shifts back and forth between the institutional poles of production and the explanatory categories used to talk about a "lost world" (Communism) and an "emerging society" (post-Communist). By bringing to light what is said and what is left unsaid in the social sciences (in particular history and sociology), this reconstitution of the "native" intellectual perspective on contemporary Romania sheds light both on the way this society is managing its relation to the past and on the place reserved for the past in efforts to activate a sense of identity.
Le droit de propriété en Russie : l'évolution d'une catégorie juridique au gré des bouleversements politiques et économiques
Authors: Chaigneau Aurore 
Published: January 2011

Property rights in Russia: The evolution of a legal category in response to political and economic turbulence
The system and function of property rights have been transformed in the switch from pre-Revolutionary to contemporary law. A historical view of this institution reveals how the law has served various purposes over time: for the marketplace or for economic planning and the distribution of goods. Remnants of the Communist past have gradually undergone an original sort of "sedimentation" in contemporary law, which is now trying to assimilate the legacy of European law. To understand this process, the category of property is analyzed as well as the reform of civil law and the definition of its scope. Changes in property rights are reviewed in the light of recent privatizations. Given the complexity of these trends, the difficulty of creating a real estate market makes thoroughgoing institutional reforms a necessity.
Débats et enjeux autour du développement local dans les nouveaux Lânder : la question des conditions de vie en milieu rural
Authors: Martin Born Karl 
Published: January 2011

Questions and issues about local development in the new Lander: Living conditions in rural areas
How to ensure basic services in rural areas where the population is ageing and decreasing? What effects do new population patterns and socioeconomic changes have on peripheral areas in the new German states? What political issues are at stake? The theory of "central places", which has been used to analyze and manage access to services, is unsatisfactory. A case study of the small Prignitz area draws attention to the flexibility and inventiveness of local initiatives for coping with the drawbacks of isolation and distance. It is necessary to pay more attention to local actors' ability to react. Demographic ageing and the requisite services provide an opportunity for studying this problem from a geographical dimension. Depending on the type of "space", the question of services for the elderly arises in radically different terms; and political issues change. To find solutions, close attention must be paid to the territorial, social and behavioral dimensions of these differences.
A method for continuous rearing of grapevine leafhoppers,Erythroneuraspp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Saguez J. , Vincent C. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractWe report a two-step method to rear three leafhopper species,Erythroneura elegantulaOsborn,Erythroneura vitis(Harris), andErythroneura ziczacWalsh, for experimental purposes on grapevines. The first step involves rearing adults on grapevines for reproduction, oviposition, and egg development. The second step involves rearing nymphs on isolated leaves placed in Petri dishes lined with agar. No mortality was observed and adults emerged in about three weeks. The threeErythroneuraspecies were reared for 10 consecutive generations with minimal resources.
Conditional Depletion of Nuclear Proteins by the Anchor Away System
Authors: Fan Xiaochun , Geisberg Joseph V. , Wong Koon Ho , Jin Yi 
Published: January 2011

AbstractNuclear proteins play key roles in the regulation of many important cellular processes. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, many genes encoding nuclear proteins are essential. This unit describes a method termed Anchor Away that can be used to conditionally and rapidly deplete nuclear proteins of interest. It involves conditional export of the protein of interest out of the nucleus and its subsequent sequestration in the cytoplasm. This method can be used to simultaneously deplete multiple proteins from the nucleus. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 93:13.10B.1‐13.10B.8. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantification of Gene Transcripts with Deep Sequencing Analysis of Gene Expression (DSAGE) Using 1 to 2 µg Total RNA
Authors: C. Christodoulou Danos , Gorham Joshua M. , Kawana Masataka , DePalma Steven R. , Herman Daniel S. , Wakimoto Hiroko 
Published: January 2011

AbstractDeep sequencing analysis of gene expression (DSAGE) measures global gene transcript levels from only 1 to 2 µg total RNA by massively parallel sequencing of cDNA tags. This unit describes the construction of 21‐bp cDNA tag libraries appropriate for massively parallel sequencing and analysis of the resulting sequence data. The adapter oligonucleotides used are optimized for sequencing with current Illumina massively parallel sequencers, and a step‐by‐step implementation of the analysis protocol is described. The expression profiles obtained are highly reproducible, enabling sensitive detection of differences between experimental conditions as well as assessment of the relative transcript abundance of different genes. Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol. 93:25B.9.1‐25B.9.16. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Parallel High‐Throughput Automated Assays to Measure Cell Growth and Beta‐Galactosidase Reporter Gene Expression in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Napper Andrew D. , Motlekar Nuzhat , de Almeida Rogerio Alves , Pavitt Graham D. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractParallel high‐throughput automated assays are described for the measurement of cell growth and β‐galactosidase reporter gene expression from a single culture of the yeast S. cerevisiae. The dual assay measures the effect of test compounds on expression of a specific gene of interest linked to the β‐galactosidase reporter gene, and simultaneously tests for compound toxicity and other effects on cell growth. Examples of assay development and validation results are used to illustrate how this protocol may be used to screen two yeast cell lines in parallel. Yeast cells are grown overnight in V‐bottom polypropylene 384‐well plates, after which portions of the cell suspension are transferred to clear and to white flat‐bottom 384‐well plates for measurement of cell growth and reporter gene expression, respectively. Cell growth is determined by measurement of absorbance at 595 nm, and β‐galactosidase expression is quantified by Beta‐Glo, a commercially available luminescent β‐galactosidase substrate. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 3:1‐14 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The neuropsychological correlates of cognitive insight in healthy participants
Authors: Orfei Maria Donata , Caltagirone Carlo , Cacciari Claudia , Assogna Francesca , Spalletta Gianfranco 
Published: January 2011

AbstractCognitive insight is the ability to monitor and correct one's own erroneous convictions. The Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) assesses two sub‐dimensions of cognitive insight: self‐reflectiveness (SR), which is the attitude of questioning one's own judgments; and self‐certainty (SC), which is the unwillingness to modify and correct one's own convictions. There is little information about cognitive insight in healthy participants (HP). Here we investigated the socio‐demographic and neuropsychological correlates of cognitive insight in 50 HP who were administered the BCIS and a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. The global BCIS R‐C index correlated positively with age and WCST perseverative errors. SR correlated positively with age. These data support the hypothesis that a less self‐reflective and more self‐confident style is cognitively functional in HP. Thus, what has been found malfunctioning in mental illnesses is adaptive in HP. Future studies should consider a wider range of factors that might affect this complex construct. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of B‐type natriuretic peptide as a screening tool for left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients without clinical cardiovascular disease
Authors: Crowson Cynthia S. , Myasoedova Elena , Davis John M. , Roger Veronique L. , Karon Barry L. , Borgeson Daniel , Rodeheffer Richard J. , Therneau Terry M. , Gabriel Sherine E. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at an increased risk for heart failure and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) may be useful to screen for LVDD in the general population. We compared the effectiveness of BNP as a screening tool for LVDD in RA and non‐RA subjects without cardiovascular disease (CVD).MethodsStudy subjects were recruited from population‐based samples with and without RA, excluding subjects with CVD. LVDD was assessed by 2‐dimensional and Doppler echocardiography and categorized as none, mild, moderate/severe, or indeterminate. Linear regression and proportional odds models evaluated the association between LVDD and BNP, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index.ResultsAmong 231 RA and 1,730 non‐RA subjects without CVD, BNP was significantly higher in subjects with moderate/severe LVDD compared to those with no or mild LVDD (P = 0.02 for RA and P < 0.001 for non‐RA subjects). More RA subjects had elevated BNP than non‐RA subjects (16% versus 9%; P < 0.001). Positive predictive value (25% in RA and 18% in non‐RA subjects) and sensitivity (40% in RA and 26% in non‐RA subjects) were similarly low in both cohorts, but specificity was significantly lower in RA than in non‐RA subjects (89% versus 94%; P = 0.02).ConclusionWhile RA subjects were more likely to have elevated BNP, few RA patients with elevated BNP actually have LVDD. Also, normal BNP levels are less likely to rule out LVDD in RA than in non‐RA subjects. Therefore, BNP may be less effective for screening in RA subjects compared to the general population.
Cardiovascular and disease‐related predictors of depression in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Julian Laura J. , Tonner Chris , Yelin Ed , Yazdany Jinoos , Trupin Laura , Criswell Lindsey A. , Katz Patricia P. 
Published: January 2011

AbstractObjectiveDepression and cardiovascular disease are common and debilitating comorbidities associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, history of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular risk factors, and SLE disease‐related factors were evaluated as longitudinal predictors of depression in a large cohort of patients with SLE.MethodsData were derived from 663 adult participants in the 2004–2008 Lupus Outcomes Study, who were followed for up to 5 annual interviews. Multivariate logistic regression analyses using generalized estimating equations were used to determine predictors of the development of increased depressive symptom severity over a 12‐month period (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES‐D] score of 23 or greater), yielding 2,224 paired observations. Predictors included sociodemographics, traditional cardiovascular risk factors (reported presence of heart disease, history of stroke or myocardial infarction, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking status, and family history), and SLE‐specific risk factors (glucocorticoid use, renal involvement, disease duration, and disease activity).ResultsThe annual incidence of depression was 12% in this cohort. Multivariate predictors of new‐onset depression included younger age (ages 20–39 years: odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.3–3.9; ages 40–59 years: OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.7), Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.8), having some college education (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.0), baseline CES‐D score (OR per point 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.2), presence of diabetes mellitus (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.8), and baseline SLE disease activity (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4).ConclusionThese results suggest that, in addition to known sociodemographic factors, the presence of diabetes mellitus and SLE disease activity may play a role in the development of depression in SLE.