bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Variations among Blood Mononuclear Cells during the Peripartal Period in the Gilt
Authors: Magnusson U. , Fossum C. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNumerical variations among mononuclear cells (MNC) were studied in blood collected from nine cross‐bred primiparous gilts during two weeks before and two weeks after parturition. Simultaneously, the plasma levels of cortisol and oestrone sulphate were measured.The number of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) increased significantly (p < 0.05) at parturition, while the number of MNCs decreased significantly (p < 0.01) at the same time. Concomitantly with the total number of MNCs, the proportion of Ig‐bearing MNC (Ig+‐cells) also decreased significantly (p < 0.01). No considerable variations of the proportion of MNCs expressing MHC Class II antigen could be seen throughout the study. The proportion of MNC with receptor for the Fc‐part of IgG decreased significantly (p < 0.01) during the week preceding parturition, but increased (p < 0.05) again at parturition.The proportion of Ig+‐cells was positively correlated both to the plasma level of oestrone sulphate and cortisol, while the number of Ig+‐cells was only positively correlated to the level of cortisol.Thus, the study shows considerable numerical variations within the leukocyte sub‐populations in the gilt around parturition.
Flow Cytometric Enumeration of Reticulocyte in the Peripheral Blood from Canine infected with Babesia gibsoni
Authors: Uemura T. , Suzuki S. , Ohnishi T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryPeripheral blood samples from dogs infected with Babesia gibsoni were analyzed by a flow cytometer for the percentage of reticulocytes after staining with a membrane‐permeable fluorochrome, thiazole orange. Though thiazole orange has been reported to stain human reticulocytes and Plasmodium‐infected erythrocytes, number of positive cells determined by the flow cytometry did not include that of erythrocytes infected with Babesia gibsoni. Analysis of 51 samples revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.96 as compared to the conventional determination by light microscopy. Separation of reticulocytes from Babesia gibsoni‐infected erythrocytes by flow cytometry with or without the stain remained unresolved.
Distribution of Immunoglobulin‐Bearing Leukocytes in Bovine Mammary Tissue Infected Chronically withStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sordillo L. M. , Doymaz M. Z. , Oliver S. P. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryMammary parenchymal and teat end tissues from cows with chronicStaphylococcus aureusmastitis were examined to determine the distribution of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1‐ and IgG2‐bearing leukocytes. Leukocytes bearing IgG2predominated inS. aureusinfected quarters, with highest numbers observed at the Furstenberg's rosette followed by streak canal and parenchymal tissue areas. Significantly more IgG1‐ and IgG2‐bearing leukocytes were observed at the Furstenberg's rosette and significantly more IgG2‐bearing leukocytes were observed at the streak canal ofS. aureusinfected quarters compared to uninfected quarters. Receptors for cytophilic IgG on neutrophils and macrophages may increase efficiency of phagocytosis and improve the antimicrobial effectiveness of these cells in teat end tissues.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Characterization of Bovine Coronavirus Plaques in HRT Cells
Authors: Payne H. R. , Storz J. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryThe ecology of cytopathic expression of bovine coronavirus (BCV) in HRT‐18 cells was analyzed within virus‐induced plaques by scanning electron microscopy. Virus replication was cytocidal for many HRT‐18 cells, a function enhanced in the presence of trypsin. A monolayer of cells remained that imparted a characteristic turbidity to the plaque. These structurally normal, lysisresistant cells did not stain with fluorescent antibodies specific for BCV antigens, failed to adsorb virus particles or mouse erythrocytes in contrast to the susceptible cells. The survival of cells in the plaque interior reflects a non‐productively infected population with evidence of viral persistence.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur in vitro‐Kultivierung von Zellen der Kärntner Honigbiene (Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann, 1879)
Authors: Beisser K. , Munz E. , Reimann M. , Renner‐Müller I. C. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations on the in vitro cultivation of honey bee cells (Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann, 1879)A synopsis about published methods and results on experiments to cultivate bee cells in vitro is given.Experimental investigations were performed with haemocytes of larvae of the L‐5 stage using many different media and methods for the preparation of primary tissue culture.Monolayers could be prepared and a high rate of reproduction has been achieved, although subpassages could not be obtained. Haemocytes could be kept alive up to 27 days by using BML‐TC/7A medium according to Gardiner and Stockdale, modified by Skatulla (pers. communic., 1987).Further experiments are necessary in order to study the suitability of bee cells to detect specific pathogens and toxic substances.ZusammenfassungDer Literaturteil befaßt sich mit den bisherigen Methoden und Ergebnissen der in vitro‐ Züchtung von Bienenzellen.Die praktischen Versuche wurden mit Hämozyten der Larven des L‐5‐Stadiums unter Verwendung verschiedenster Medien und Methoden zur Herstellung von Primärkulturen durchgeführt.Die Zellen konnten vermehrt werden und bildeten einschichtige Zellrasen, die sich jedoch nicht subkultivieren ließen. Unter Verwendung des in Anlehnung an Gardiner und Stockdale hergestellten BML‐TC/7 A‐Mediums (modifiziert nach Skatulla, pers. Mitt., 1987), konnten Hämozyten bis zu 27 Tagen am Leben erhalten werden.Zur Feststellung der Eignung von Bienenzellkulturen für den Nachweis von Krankheitserregern und zur Prüfung von toxischen Substanzen müßten weitere Untersuchungen durchgeführt werden.
Zum Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen den Erreger des bösartigen Katarrhalfiebers in Schaf‐ und Ziegenseren
Authors: Schuller W. , Silber R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOn the occurrence of antibodies against the causative agens of malignant cararrhal fever in goat‐ and sheepseraAn epidemiologic study was undertaken by means of the SNT on three sets of sheepsera and one set of goatsera to evaluate for the occurrence of antibodies against strain WC11.Out of 791 sera of a sheep breeding organisation 57 samples (7.2 %) showed positive titers. The positive samples originated from 24 farms (36.4 %) out of 66 farms under test.Out of 118 sheepsera sent in from different parts of Austria 35 (29.7 %) showed positive titers.73 sheepsera out of a farm where MCF had clinically occurred were also tested. 20 samples (27.4 %) scored positive.Also 40 goatsera (20.3 %) out of 197 samples showed positive titers.The results are in accordance with publications from other countries. Special reference is made to goats as possible carriers and transmitters of MCF.ZusammenfassungIn einer epidemiologischen Studie wurden drei Gruppen Schafseren und eine Gruppe Ziegenseren mittels SNT auf Antikörper gegen den Stamm WC 11 untersucht.Von 791 Seren eines Schafzuchtverbandes zeigten 57 Seren (7,2 %) positiv an. Die Seren stammten von Tieren aus 24 (36,4 %) von insgesamt 66 Betrieben.Von 118 Schafseren aus dem gesamten Bundesgebiet zeigten 35 Seren (29,7 %) positiv an.Von 73 Schafseren aus einem Betrieb, in dem BKF bei Rindern klinisch aufgetreten war, zeigten 20 Proben (27,4 %) positiv an.Auch 40 Ziegenseren (20,3 %) von insgesamt 197 Proben zeigten positive Antikörpertiter.Die erhobenen Daten stehen im großen und ganzen im Einklang mit ausländischen Untersuchungen. Auf die Rolle von Ziegen als eventuelle Träger bzw. Überträger des BKF wird hingewiesen.
Milk Whey Induction of Agglutination in Ovine and Bovine MastitisStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Baselga R. , Amorena B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA total of 59 mastitis staphylococcic strains were tested for growth agglutination upon supplementation of growth media with ovine and bovine milk whey and mammary secretions from dry cows. Differences were observed when comparing bacterial species or origins (ovine vs. bovine) of bacteria and whey. All of the ovine and bovineS. aureusstrains tested, but only 4 among 22 other ovine mastitis staphylococcic strains, showed growth agglutination in Todd Hewitt broth (THB) supplemented with ≥ 30 % (v/v) ovine milk whey. None of the strains agglutinated during growth in regular THB medium. Ovine whey had an agglutination induction capacity higher than bovine whey (P< 0.005), concerning the number of responsive ovine and bovineS. aureusstrains. There were no differences between whey samples from different ewes with regard to their capacity to induce agglutination. OvineS. aureusstrains were more responsive than bovine strains of this bacterial species, concerning the number of responsive strains (P <0.001) to bovine whey (≥ 30 % in THB), the proportion of responsive strains at low (10%) ovine whey concentrations (P<0.001), and the strength of reaction (precipitation timing and clump sizes). Secretions from dry cows systematically induced agglutination in all of the bovine and ovineS. aureusstrains tested.
In vitroandIn vivoGlucose Consumption in Swine Eperythrozoonosis
Authors: Smith J. E. , Cipriano J. E. , Hall S. M. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOne complication of swine eperythrozoonosis is the hypoglycemia that occurs during parasitemia. To determine the cause of the hypoglycemia, we studied glucose consumption in splenectomized pigs infected withEperythrozoon suis. With the rapid rise of erythroparasites, thein vitroglucose consumption of parasited whole blood increased dramatically, and hypoglycemia developed. Because mature porcine erythrocytes are impermeable to glucose, the increased glucose consumption is most logically the result ofE. suismetabolism. Iodoacetamide and sodium fluoride (which inhibit glycolysis), but not sodium cyanide (which prevents cellular respiration), and tetracycline (which is used to treat eperythrozoonosis) inhibited glucose consumption.In vivoglucose turnover studies before infection and during peak parasitemia indicated an increased glucose production by infected pigs during parasitemia. The results suggest that hypoglycemia occurs during swine eperythrozoonosis because the parasite uses glucose faster than the gluconeogenic pathways can provide it.
Isolation of Mycoplasma arthritidis from the Joint Fluid of Boars
Authors: Binder A. , Aumüller R. , Likitdecharote B. , Kirchhoff H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryDuring an outbreak of a disease in a swine insemination centre in Bavaria, Fed. Rep. of Germany, characterized by conjunctivitis, severe polyarthritis and infertility mycoplasmas have been isolated from the joint fluids of the three boars investigated. Two of the isolate could be typed as Mycoplasma (M.) arthritidis which causes arthritis in rats, mice and rabbits, the third as M. collis, a probably apathogenic rodent mycoplasma species. One of the two isolated M. arthritidis strains (strain D263) was injected intravenously in rats and mice, which developed mild to severe polyarthritis or even died, depending on the numbers of organisms inoculated. Since the bacteriological and virological investigations of the joints of boars did not yield a causative agent, it is to suppose that M. arthritidis played the substantial role in the production of the disease of the boars. It is very likely that the boars catched the mycoplasmas from rodents infected with the isolated species.
Measurement of Endotoxic Activity in Feces of Normal Horses
Authors: Kawamura S. , Hirayama K. , Mitsuoka T. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryTwo chromogenic Limulus amebocyte lysate systems were evaluated for the measurement of endotoxic activity in feces of normal horses. Fecal extracts had neither non‐specific nor inhibitory effect on the test reaction, and the two systems with different specificity showed equivalent results. Endotoxic activities in feces of healthy horses averaged 5.7±2.8μm/g wet weight. Correlation between the endotoxin levels and the fecal microbial flora could not be determined.
Morbillivirus Infections of Seals During the 1988 Epidemic in the Bay of Heligoland:
Authors: Harder T. , Willhaus Th. , Frey H.‐R. , Liess B. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryEight harbour seals (Phoca vitulina), two of them seronegative, six seropositive against PDV and a seronegative grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) were exposed to a low dosis of a cell culture‐propagated phocine distemper virus isolate (PDV 2558 / Han 88). An intranasal route of inoculation was chosen. Clinical signs, resembling those of 1988's seal disease and seroconversion were observed in both seronegative harbour seals. One of them succumbed to the infection. The virus was not transmitted to another susceptible harbour seal which served as in‐contact animal. Virus could be recovered from leucocytes of the diseased seals. Viremia was also present in a seropositive harbour seal that developed mild clinical signs; other seropositive seals were protected from clinical disease. The grey seal showed seroconversion upon inoculation, but did not develop any signs of disease.The humoral immune response of the seals plainly discriminated between homologous (PDV) and heterologous (canine distemper virus, CDV) virus as shown by virus neutralization tests and an antibody‐binding assay (PLA).ZusammenfassungMorbillivirus‐Infektionen bei Robben im Verlauf der Epidemie in der Deutschen Bucht 1988:III. Übertragungsversuche mit einem in Zellkulturen vermehrten phocinen Staupevirus auf Seehunde (Phoca vitulina) und eine Kegelrobbe (Halichoerus grypus): Klinische, virologische und serologische ErgebnisseAcht Seehunde (Phoca vitulina), zwei davon seronegativ, die anderen seropositiv gegen See‐hundstaupevirus (PDV) sowie eine ebenfalls seronegative Kegelrobbe (Halichoerus grypus) wurden einer geringen Dosis des in Zellkulturen vermehrten PDV‐Isolates 2558/Han 88 auśgesetzt. Hierzu wurde ein intranasaler Applikationsweg gewählt. Krankheitserscheinungen, vergleichbar mit solchen, die während des Seehundsterbens 1988 auftraten, sowie Serokonversion entwickelten beide seronegative Seehunde. Eine dieser Robben erlag der Infektion. Das Virus wurde nicht auf einen weiteren, ebenfalls seronegativen Seehund übertragen, der als Kontakttier diente. Virus konnte aus den Leukozyten erkrankter Robben isoliert werden. Eine Virämie wurde auch bei einem der seropositiven Seehunde nachgewiesen, bei welchem leichte Symptome auftraten. Die anderen seropositiven Robben waren vor klinischen Erscheinungen geschützt. Die Kegelrobbe zeigte Serokonversion als Folge der Inokulation, jedoch blieben klinische Erscheinungen aus.Die humorale Immunantwort der Robben konnte eindeutig zwischen homologem (PDV) und heterologem (Hundestaupe, CDV) Virus unterscheiden, wie aus Versuchen zur Virusneutralisation und einem Antikörperbindungstest (PLA) hervorging.
Antigen Distribution in Organs of Mink with Aleutian Disease Parvovirus Infection
Authors: Wohlsein P. , Trautwein G. , Stolze B. , Haas L. , Kaaden O.‐R. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryOn tissues from naturally infected non‐Aleutian mink an immunohistological study was performed using monoclonal antibodies and the immunoperoxidase method. Structural proteins of ADV were demonstrated in cryosections and in ethanol‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded material which provide antigen detection in a similar amount together with good histological structure. In lymphoid organs viral antigen was restricted to B‐cell areas, particularly lymphoid follicles. The pattern of antigen distribution was typical for follicular dendritic cells which are capable to retain immune complexes. Beside macrophages in the interior of lymphoid follicles most likely proliferating B‐lymphoblasts reveal nuclear and cytoplasmatic presence of structural proteins indicating viral replication. Cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system such as cells of lymphatic sinuses and hepatic Kupffer cells harbor viral protein in the cytoplasm, probably resulting from phagocytosis of immune complexes. Renal glomeruli were consistently negative for virus antigen whereas in interstitial infiltrates cells resembling macrophages stained positive for ADV structural proteins.
IgG from Cows with Parturient Paresis Changes the Thermodynamic Behaviour of Bovine Erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Axelsson S. , Yong Hao Xiao , Karlsson E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryParturient paresis affects about 10% of all cows. The most common treatment is injection of various Ca‐salts and MgCl2 and about 80% recover after repeated injections. The effect of IgG on the Arrhenius plot of bovine erythrocyte AChE was studied. The plot was normal, i. e. biphasic (a broken line) in the presence of IgG from healthy cows. The highest concentration tested was 10 mg/ml. Before one injection of the Ca‐Mg solution 5 mg/ml IgG from sera of paretic cows (n=10) changed the Arrhenius plots to monophasic (linear). Thus, paretic cows have antibodies against AChE. After injection the change to linear plots was observed already with 1 mg/ml IgG. Apparently, the level of antibodies in serum affecting AChE increased about 5‐fold. This is considered to be due to dissociation of bound antibodies from various AChEs. All cows recovered after one injection and release of AChE antibodies might be important for the recovery. Incubation of blood from paretic cows (n = 3) with Ca‐salts and MgCl2 increased the amount of free AChE‐antibodies about twofold; the Arrhenius plots became linear at 2.5 mg/ml IgG compared with 5 mg/ml before the incubation. This should be due to release from AChEs on blood corpuscles as erythrocytes and lymphocytes. But the increase of antibodies after incubation of blood does not account for the whole increase following the treatment of paretic cows. AChE antibodies are probably also dissociated from other sites, such as neuromuscular junctions.
Detection of a Novel Chloramphenicol Resistance Plasmid from “Equine”Staphylococcus sciuri
Authors: Schwarz St. , Cardoso M. , Blobel H. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA small chloramphenicol resistance (Cm®) plasmid of 4.65 kB could be detected in an “equine” Staphylococcus sciuri‐culture. This plasmid, designated as pSC3, was identified by interspecific protoplast transformation. On the basis of restriction endonuclease analyses a detailed restriction map of pSC 3 could be constructed. This allowed structural comparisons of pSC 3 with Cm®‐plasmids of other staphylococcal species from infections of humans and animals and identification of pSC 3 as a member of the pC221‐family of staphylococcal Cm®‐plasmids. The pSC3‐plasmid encoded an inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as confirmed by enzymatic assays. This enzyme could be demonstrated in cell‐free lysates of Cm®‐induced pSC 3‐transformants.
Demonstration of α and β Components of Group B Streptococcal Protein Antigen c in Serum‐soft Agar
Authors: Wibawan I. W. T. , Lämmler Ch. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryAmong 85 group B streptococcal cultures with protein type antigen c 56 cultures demonstrated a diffuse type of colony morphology in plain soft agar. The addition of monospecific antibodies against the protein antigen c components cα and cß converted specifically the colony morphology from diffuse to compact. According to this results the serum‐soft agar technique could also be used to further characterize individual cultures of group B streptococci with protein antigen c.
Antibiogram of Staphylococcal Strains Isolated from Milk and Milk‐Products
Authors: Umoh V. J. , Adesiyun A. A. , Gomwalk N. E. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryA study of the resistance patterns of 248 staphylococcal isolates from milk and milk products to eight antimicrobial agents using the disc method showed that 80 (32.3 %) were resistant to sulphafurazole, 75 (30.2 %) to penicillin G, 63 (25.4 %) to ampicillin, 23 (9.3 %) to cloxacillin, 19 (7.7 %) to tetracycline, 17 (6.9%) to streptomycin, 14 (5.6%) to erythromycin and 12 (4.8%) to chloramphenicol. One hundred and sixteen (46.8 %) of the 248 staphylococcal isolates were sensitive to all the agents tested. A significant percentage (P < 0.05) of the isolates from raw milk were resistant to erythromycin, sulphafurazole, cloxacillin, penicillin G and streptomycin compared to isolates from fermented milk.The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as determined by the tube method for isolates resistant by the disc method, were ≥ 16 μg for ampicillin in 5 (11.9 %) isolates; ≥ 40 μg for cloxacillin, 9 (36.0%) and ≥ 12 international units for penicillin G amongst 12 (22.2%) isolates. MIC values of ≥ 40 μg were recorded for 9 (90.0%), 9 (69.2%), 8 (73.7%) and 7 (70.0%) isolates to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, erythromycin and tetracycline respectively. The relatively high level of resistance to antimicrobial agents is a reflection of misuse or abuse of these agents in the environment.
Zum Nachweis der Pathogenität von Listerien mittels permanenter Zellinie als Alternative für den Tierversuch
Authors: Heil Gudrun , Weber A. 
Published: May 2010

SummaryInvestigations on the pathogenicity of Listeria strains by use of a continuous cell line as a replacement of animal experimentCulture filtrates of 38 strains of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes and of 4 strains of L. ivanovii were all cytotoxic for the vero cell line. Culture filtrates from 35 strains of L. innocua, 12 strains of L. seeligeri, 5 strains of L. welshimeri and 4 strains of L. grayi showed no cytotoxicity for the continuous cell line vero.The use of continuous cell lines permits to distinguish between pathogenic and non‐pathogenic Listeria strains and seems to be a suitable method to replace the mouse pathogenicity test or the fertilized hen's eggs test.ZusammenfassungKulturfiltrate von 38 Listeria (L.) monocytogenes‐Stämmen sowie von 4 L. ivanovii‐Stämmen erwiesen sich als zytotoxisch für die Vero‐Zellkultur, nicht dagegen die Kulturfiltrate von 34 L. innocua‐, 12 L. seeligeri‐, 5 L. welshimeri‐ und 4 L. grayi‐Stämmen. Die Verwendung von permanenten Zellinien, die eine Unterscheidung zwischen pathogenen und apathogenen Listerien‐Stämmen ermöglicht, scheint geeignet zu sein, den Mäusepathogenitätstest oder den Pathogenitätstest am bebrüteten Hühnerei zu ersetzen.
In vitro Activation of Bovine Macrophage and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Nocardia rubra Cell Wall Skeleton (N‐CWS)
Authors: Yasutomi Yasuhiro , Onuma Misao , Yamamoto Masako , Kawakami Yoshimi , Azuma Ichiro 
Published: May 2010

SummaryNocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N‐CWS) was used for immunotherapy to bovine leukemia virus (BLV)‐positive cattle with enlarged subcutaneous lymphatic nodules. Electron microscopical observations showed the infiltration of macrophage and T cells around N‐CWS treated lesions. Antitumor effect induced by N‐CWS was examined in vitro. The maximum cytolytic activity of macrophage was observed, when the cells were incubated with 10 μg/ml of N‐CWS. Chemiluminescence response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using N‐CWS as stimulant was observed with a high level of activity for a long period, 5 hr. Mitogenic effect of N‐CWS to PBMC was observed in the presence of macrophages but not without macrophages. Furthermore, interleukin 2 activity was recognized in supernatant of PBMC cultured with N‐CWS. Maximum cytotoxic T lymphocyte response was induced when PBMC were cultured with 0.1 μg/ml of N‐CWS.