bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Fear of Globalisation
Authors: Yu Zhihao 
Published: July 2011

AbstractWhy does the public seem to have much stronger opposition to the current wave of globalisation than to the previous rounds of trade liberalisation? This paper identifies some of the key differences between globalisation and trade liberalisation that could be responsible for phenomenon. We show that (i) while both globalisation and trade liberalisation create inter‐sector income distribution, the former also creates intra‐sector income distribution and intra‐sector uncertainty and (ii) that these features imply lower public support for globalisation.
Sectoral Location of FDI in China
Authors: Lin Mi , Kwan Yum K. 
Published: July 2011

AbstractThis study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) sectoral allocation in 29 manufacturing sectors in China from 2000 to 2007. We find that FDI sectoral allocation has a strong self‐reinforcing effect. Multinational corporations with ownership advantages tend to invest more in local high‐productivity sectors. The FDI presence, however, is discouraged in China’s high‐productivity sectors in which the major market share is dominated by state‐owned enterprises. We also find that the degree of FDI penetration is higher in sectors that are producing labour‐intensive goods and also export oriented.
Emotional distance to so‐called difficult patients
Authors: Michaelsen Jette Joost 
Published: July 2011

Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; 26; 90–97Emotional distance to so‐called difficult patientsPurpose:  To explore nurses’ relationships with patients they regard as being difficult. How do nurses feel about such patients and relate to them, and what are the consequences for nurse and patient?Design and methods:  A qualitative study inspired by hermeneutic phenomenology was conducted. The data were obtained through participant observation and interviewing in a home nursing unit in a Danish municipality. During an initial 3 month period, eighteen participant observations were conducted with 12 nurses during their visits to 96 patients. During the following 3 months, 12 more participant observations were made with three nurses visiting 50 patients. Four of these patients whom the three nurses found difficult were selected and six interviews conducted with these patients. Eleven interviews were conducted with five nurses. Patients’ case records were studied and four meetings with the staff were arranged to discuss the findings. Data collection lasted 18 months in all.Findings:  Three strategies were identified: persuasion, avoidance (emotional distance), and compromise. Interestingly, in the relationship with a particular patient, the avoidance strategy did not necessarily represent the terminal stage, since a nurse could revert to the compromise strategy. Some of the nurses experienced painful emotions regarding these interactions.Conclusions:  The avoidance strategy (emotional distance) resulted in important social and health problems of some patients not being recognized, and some nurses using it expressed the fear of losing contact with their emotional lives. The compromise strategy gave possibilities for dialogue.Study limitations:  The focus was mainly on the nurses and their perspectives. It would be interesting to study in greater detail the perspectives of the patients.
Telocytes within human skeletal muscle stem cell niche
Authors: Bojin Florina M. , Gavriliuc Oana I. , Cristea Mirabela I. , Tanasie Gabriela , Tatu Carmen S. , Panaitescu Carmen , Paunescu Virgil 
Published: July 2011

AbstractHuman skeletal muscle tissue displays specific cellular architecture easily damaged during individual existence, requiring multiple resources for regeneration. Congruent with local prerequisites, heterogeneous muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are present in the muscle interstitium. In this study, we aimed to characterize the properties of human muscle interstitial cells that had the characteristic morphology of telocytes (TCs). Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that cells with TC morphology stained positive for c‐kit/CD117 and VEGF. C‐kit positive TCs were separated with magnetic‐activated cell sorting, cultured in vitro and expanded for study. These cells exhibited high proliferation capacity (60% expressed endoglin/CD105 and 80% expressed nuclear Ki67). They also exhibited pluripotent capacity limited to Oct4 nuclear staining. In addition, 90% of c‐kit positive TCs expressed VEGF. C‐kit negative cells in the MuSCs population exhibited fibroblast‐like morphology, low trilineage differential potential and negative VEGF staining. These results suggested that c‐kit/CD117 positive TCs represented a unique cell type within the MuSC niche.
Enhanced suicidal erythrocyte death in mice carrying a loss‐of‐function mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene
Authors: Qadri Syed M. , Mahmud Hasan , Lang Elisabeth , Gu Shuchen , Bobbala Diwakar , Zelenak Christine , Jilani Kashif , Siegfried Alexandra , Föller Michael , Lang Florian 
Published: July 2011

AbstractLoss‐of‐function mutations in human adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) lead to multiple colonic adenomatous polyps eventually resulting in colonic carcinoma. Similarly, heterozygous mice carrying defective APC (apcMin/+) suffer from intestinal tumours. The animals further suffer from anaemia, which in theory could result from accelerated eryptosis, a suicidal erythrocyte death triggered by enhanced cytosolic Ca2+ activity and characterized by cell membrane scrambling and cell shrinkage. To explore, whether APC‐deficiency enhances eryptosis, we estimated cell membrane scrambling from annexin V binding, cell size from forward scatter and cytosolic ATP utilizing luciferin–luciferase in isolated erythrocytes from apcMin/+ mice and wild‐type mice (apc+/+). Clearance of circulating erythrocytes was estimated by carboxyfluorescein‐diacetate‐succinimidyl‐ester labelling. As a result, apcMin/+ mice were anaemic despite reticulocytosis. Cytosolic ATP was significantly lower and annexin V binding significantly higher in apcMin/+ erythrocytes than in apc+/+ erythrocytes. Glucose depletion enhanced annexin V binding, an effect significantly more pronounced in apcMin/+ erythrocytes than in apc+/+ erythrocytes. Extracellular Ca2+ removal or inhibition of Ca2+ entry with amiloride (1 mM) blunted the increase but did not abrogate the genotype differences of annexin V binding following glucose depletion. Stimulation of Ca2+‐entry by treatment with Ca2+‐ionophore ionomycin (10 μM) increased annexin V binding, an effect again significantly more pronounced in apcMin/+ erythrocytes than in apc+/+ erythrocytes. Following retrieval and injection into the circulation of the same mice, apcMin/+ erythrocytes were more rapidly cleared from circulating blood than apc+/+ erythrocytes. Most labelled erythrocytes were trapped in the spleen, which was significantly enlarged in apcMin/+ mice. The observations point to accelerated eryptosis and subsequent clearance of apcMin/+ erythrocytes, which contributes to or even accounts for the enhanced erythrocyte turnover, anaemia and splenomegaly in those mice.
Apoptotic gene expression by human periodontal ligament cells following cyclic stretch
Authors: Xu C. , Hao Y. , Wei B. , Ma J. , Li J. , Huang Q. , Zhang F. 
Published: July 2011

Xu C, Hao Y, Wei B, Ma J, Li J, Huang Q, Zhang F. Apoptotic gene expression by human periodontal ligament cells following cyclic stretch. J Periodont Res 2011; 46: 742–748. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Periodontal ligament cells play an important role in maintaining homeostasis of periodontal tissue upon mechanical force loading caused by mastication or orthodontic force. Previous studies revealed force‐driven periodontal ligament cell death via apoptosis, but the force‐sensing genes assigned to the apoptotic pathway have not been fully characterized. The present study aimed to identify force‐sensing genes implicated in the apoptotic pathway in periodontal ligament cells.Material and Methods:  Human periodontal ligament cells were exposed to 20% stretch strain for 6 or 24 h, and the differential expression of 84 genes implicated in the apoptotic pathway were quantified by real‐time PCR array technology.Results:  Ten and 11 genes showed upregulated expression after 6 and 24 h stretches, respectively, and there were two downregulated genes in response to both 6 and 24 h stretches. These genes included those encoding the tumor necrosis factor ligand family (TNFSF8), tumor necrosis factor receptor family (FAS, TNFRSF10B, TNFRSF11B, TNFRSF25 and CD27), the Bcl‐2 family (BAG3, BAK1, BCL2L11 and BCLAF1), the caspase family (CASP5 and CASP7), the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins family (BIRC3, BIRC6 and NAIP), the caspase recruitment domain family (RIPK2 and PYCARD) and the death domain family (DAPK1), as well as an oncogene (BRAF).Conclusion:  This study identified several force‐sensing genes implicated in the apoptotic pathway in periodontal ligament cells and should facilitate future studies on force‐driven apoptosis by providing putative target genes.
Methodological issues in randomized trials assessing probiotics for periodontal treatment
Authors: Dhingra K. 
Published: July 2011

Dhingra K. Methodological issues in randomized trials assessing probiotics for periodontal treatment. J Periodont Res 2012; 47: 15–26. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/SBackground and Objective:  Probiotics traditionally used in medicine field are now being used in an attempt to control and treat periodontal disease. However, the trials used to analyze the effects of probiotics have been subject to methodological criticism. The aim of this review was to assess the methodological deficiencies in randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of oral administration of probiotics for the treatment of periodontal disease.Material and Methods:  A manual and electronic literature search (of MEDLINE and The Cochrane Library) was made, to March 2011, for randomized controlled trials presenting clinical, microbiological, immunological and patient‐centered data for the efficacy of probiotics compared with a placebo/standard periodontal therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease.Results:  The literature search yielded only four randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies that evaluated the efficacy of probiotics (using Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus salivarius probiotic strains) in patients with gingivitis. The studies were too methodologically flawed (of mediocre quality) with a high risk of bias for any meaningful conclusions to be reached. These studies lacked adequate descriptions of appropriate randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, formulation and dosage of probiotic and placebo, extent and severity of periodontal disease in patient populations, patient‐centered outcomes, results data and potential confounding factors.Conclusion:  The existing randomized controlled trials have important methodological limitations; consequently, there is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of probiotics in treating periodontal disease. More rigorous scientific research, in accordance with existing guidelines and research recommendations of the present review, is required to examine the safety and efficacy of probiotics before they are embraced in periodontal therapy.
Genetic disparities in the development of type 2 diabetes among African Americans
Authors: Seeleang Kanokwan 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to discover whether biological and genetic differences play an important role in the pathogenesis of developing type 2 diabetes in the African‐American populationData sources: Review of original studies and meta‐analyses from Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, ScopusConclusion: It is now well established that the development of type 2 diabetes results from the interaction between the individuals’ biological and genetic makeup and their environment. Even though some genetic variants have been found, the full genetic landscape of type 2 diabetes, especially among African‐Americans, is not yet discovered. Further researches or studies on pathophysiology and genetic susceptibility to diabetes may suggest new therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of insulin resistance.Implications for practice: Considering genetics as a potential cause of type 2 diabetes may suggest new therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention, and new detecting tools for the undiagnosed patients. Nurse practitioners may gain a better understanding of the particular genetic defect influencing individual health and create the appropriate care plan to achieve an optimal health outcome for a patient.
Is metformin a multifunctional medication for inducing ovulation and improving pregnancy outcomes in PCOS?
Authors: Montplaisir Pamela 
Published: July 2011

AbstractPurpose: To review the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), discuss the use of metformin—an insulin‐sensitizing agent—as an ovulation induction agent, and investigate whether use of metformin improves ovulation and pregnancy outcomes in females with PCOS.Data sources: Review of the published literature in on‐line journals, CINAHL database, and MD Consult database using key search terms of metformin, ovulation‐induction, anovulation, polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, and pregnancy.Conclusion: Evidence supports the use of metformin as an appropriate first‐line therapy for ovulation induction of infertile PCOS females and also for the treatment of menstrual irregularity. Current data suggest that metformin taken during pregnancy may reduce miscarriage rate, gestational diabetes mellitus complications, and fetal growth problems.Implications for practice: Metformin, as a single agent, is useful for multiple purposes in the treatment of PCOS: decreasing intestinal glucose uptake and both basal and postprandial glucose levels; inducing ovulation; and improving pregnancy outcomes.
Improving pharmacy counselling skills: an interdisciplinary model of support for students with English as an additional language
Authors: Kokkinn Beverley , Stupans Ieva 
Published: July 2011

Abstract

Objectives
The pilot project, described in this paper, targeted English as an additional language (EAL) students to facilitate their development of patient counselling communication skills.

Methods
An interdisciplinary content-based model was developed drawing on an interactional sociolinguistic framework to map language use valued in pharmacy counselling. Evaluation included analysis of successive self-assessments and surveys of students, surveys of teaching staff and final test results.

Key findings
Evaluation indicated that the interdisciplinary model was highly successful in improving EAL students' competency in pharmacy counselling.

Conclusions
The model may have possible wider application for education in health professional programmes.
Acoustic monitoring of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Cook Inlet, Alaska.
Authors: Castellote Manuel , Small Robert , Atkinson Shannon , Lammers Marc O. , Jenniges Justin , Rosinski Anne , Garner Christopher , Moore Sue , Au Whitlow L. L. 
Published: July 2011

Cook Inlet belugas (CIBs) are listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Their current seasonal distribution is essentially unknown and the factors impeding their recovery over the past decade are unknown, yet could include anthropogenic activities that impact their acoustic ecology, including coastal development, oil and gas exploration, shipping and military activities. Beginning in 2008, a cooperative research project has acquired new information on background noise levels and the seasonal presence of CIBs throughout Cook Inlet using passive acoustic monitoring. Mooring packages containing ecological acoustic recorders (EARs) and echolocation loggers (C-PODs) have been deployed at ten sites to continuously monitor the presence of CIBs. Cook Inlet is a challenging environment for acoustic monitoring because of extreme tides and currents, sediment dynamics, debris from rivers and seasonal ice that characterize the area. Noise from both natural and anthropogenic sources often make beluga call detection challenging. However, the effort to date has met with success and is providing valuable insights into beluga movement patterns and the acoustic environment they face. This methodology also allows monitoring other odontocetes such as killer whales (Orcinus orca), detected mostly in the lower inlet, and harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) detected throughout the inlet.
Silencing of thehPOT1gene by RNA inference promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation and aggressive phenotype of gastric cancer cells, likely through up-regulating PinX1 expression
Authors: Wan Shun-Mei , Tie Jun , Zhang Ya-Fei , Guo Jun , Yang Liu-Qin , Wang Jun , Xia Shi-Hai , Yang Shi-Ming , Wang Rong-Quan , Fang Dian-Chun 
Published: July 2011

BackgroundThe human protection of telomeres 1 (hPOT1) protein, a single-strand telomeric DNA binding protein, plays an important role in telomere protection and telomere length regulation. However, its effect on invasion of gastric cancer remains unclear.AimsTo explore the role of hPOT1 in the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.MethodsThe gastric expression of hPOT1 was examined in normal gastric mucosa (n=25), intestinal metaplasia (n=20), gastric dysplasia (n=20) and gastric cancer (n=150) by immunohistochemistry. The mean optical density (MOD) of the immunostaining was determined by semi-quantitative image analysis. The role of hPOT1 in the cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of gastric cancer 7901 cells was determined by means of the RNA interference (RNAi) of hPOT1 mRNA. The effects of hPOT1 RNAi on the expression of hPinX1 and hTERT were detected with western blotting.ResultsThe hPOT1 MOD was progressively increased from the normal mucosa to intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. An increased hPOT1 expression significantly correlated with tumour serosal invasion, node metastasis and advanced stage. Transfection of hPOT1 siRNA into SGC-7901 cells led to a decrease in cell proliferation, colony formation and invasion, and also an increase of apoptosis. An up-regulation of hPinX1 and down-regulation of hTERT were found in gastric cancer cells with hPOT1 siRNA.ConclusionsIncreased hPOT1 expression is associated with an advanced tumour stage. hPOT1 RNAi inhibits proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. The effects of hPOT1 RNAi seem to be functionally linked to up-regulation of PinX1 and down-regulation of hTERT.
Formulations of the endophytic bacteriumBacillus subtilisTu-100 suppressSclerotinia sclerotiorumon oilseed rape and improve plant vigor in field trials conducted at separate locations
Authors: Hu Xiaojia , Roberts Daniel P. , Maul Jude E. , Emche Sarah E. , Liao Xing , Guo Xuelan , Liu Yeying , McKenna Laurie F. , Buyer Jeffrey S. , Liu Shengyi 
Published: July 2011

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes serious yield losses in crops in the People’s Republic of China. Two formulations of oilseed rape seed containing the bacterium Bacillus subtilis Tu-100 were evaluated for suppression of this pathogen in field trials conducted at two independent locations. The pellet formulation significantly reduced disease (incidence and disease index) and increased plant dry mass, while the wrap formulation significantly reduced disease incidence and significantly increased plant dry mass at both field locations. Mean seed yield per 120 plants with both formulations of isolate Tu-100 was significantly greater than the appropriate controls, but at only one of the locations. Both formulations provided stable B. subtilis Tu-100 biomass (≥105CFU·g–1) and seed germination (≥85%) over a 6 month period at room temperature. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequence analysis identified ituC and ituD, and bacAB and bacD in the genome of isolate Tu-100. These genes are involved in the biosynthesis of iturin and bacilysin. Iturin was detected in culture filtrates from isolate Tu-100, with thin layer chromatography. Detection of bacilysin was not attempted. Experiments reported here indicate the commercial viability of B. subtilis Tu-100 for suppression of S. sclerotiorum on oilseed rape.
Isolation of high-quality total RNA from rumen anaerobic bacteria and fungi, and subsequent detection of glycoside hydrolases
Authors: Wang Pan , Qi Meng , Barboza Perry , Leigh Mary Beth , Ungerfeld Emilio , Selinger L. Brent , McAllister Tim A. , Forster Robert J. 
Published: July 2011

The rumen is one of the most powerful fibrolytic fermentation systems known. Gene expression analyses, such as reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), microarrays, and metatranscriptomics, are techniques that could significantly expand our understanding of this ecosystem. The ability to isolate and stabilize representative RNA samples is critical to obtaining reliable results with these procedures. In this study, we successfully isolated high-quality total RNA from the solid phase of ruminal contents by using an improved RNA extraction method. This method is based on liquid nitrogen grinding of whole ruminal solids without microbial detachment and acid guanidinium – phenol – chloroform extraction combined with column purification. Yields of total RNA were as high as 150 µg per g of fresh ruminal content. The typical large subunit/small subunit rRNA ratio ranged from 1.8 to 2.0 with an RNA integrity number (Agilent Technologies) greater than 8.5. By eliminating the detachment step, the resulting RNA was more representative of the complete ecosystem. Our improved method removed a major barrier limiting analysis of rumen microbial function from a gene expression perspective. The polyA-tailed eukaryotic mRNAs obtained have successfully been applied to next-generation sequencing, and metatranscriptomic analysis of the solid fraction of rumen contents revealed abundant sequences related to rumen fungi.
Angiopoietin-1 and -2 Exert Antagonistic Functions in Tumor Angiogenesis, yet Both Induce Lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Fagiani Ernesta , Lorentz Pascal , Kopfstein Lucie , Christofori Gerhard 
Published: July 2011

Abstract
Members of the Angiopoietin family regulate various aspects of physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis. Although Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) decreases endothelial cell permeability and increases vascular stabilization via recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle cells to growing blood vessels, Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) mediates angiogenic sprouting and vascular regression. In this study, we used the Rip1Tag2 transgenic mouse model of pancreatic β-cell carcinogenesis to investigate the roles of Ang-1 and Ang-2 in tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. On their own, transgenic expression of human Ang-1 or Ang-2 in pancreatic β cells caused formation of peri-insular lymphatic vessels in the absence of effects on blood vessel density, islet morphology, or physiology. When crossed to Rip1Tag2 mice, both Ang-1–and Ang-2–expressing β-cell tumors showed increased peritumoral lymphangiogenesis in the absence of metastasis to local lymph nodes or distant organs. There was no alteration in tumor outgrowth, blood vessel density, or vessel maturation in Ang-1–expressing tumors. In contrast, Ang-2–expressing tumors exhibited diminished pericyte recruitment to blood vessels that were dilated, nonfunctional, and highly permeable. These tumors were hemorrhagic, highly infiltrated by leukocytes, and impaired in outgrowth. Together, our findings establish that Ang-2 antagonizes Ang-1 function, leading to excessive vessel sprouting with impaired pericyte recruitment and vessel stabilization. The poor perfusion of immature blood vessels results in retarded tumor growth, defining an important pathophysiologic pathway required for efficient tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 71(17); 5717–27. ©2011 AACR.