bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes incidence associated with depression and antidepressants in the Melbourne Longitudinal Studies on Healthy Ageing (MELSHA)
Authors: Atlantis Evan , Browning Colette , Sims Jane , Kendig Hal 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveDiabetes may be associated with depression and antidepressant medication (ADM) use, but published findings remain equivocal. The authors' aimed to determine the risk of diabetes incidence associated with baseline depression exposures (symptoms and/or ADM use).MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in a regionally representative sample of non‐institutionalised older Australian people (N = 1000, aged 65 + year), who were followed up biennially between 1994 and 2004 (attrition was ≈24%). Analyses excluded participants for prevalent diabetes at baseline, determined by self‐report or specific medications. Diabetes incidence was ascertained by first self‐report at any follow‐up wave. Depression exposures (baseline predictors) were defined by the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scales (PAS) depression scale and ADM use, and classified as: (1) ‘symptomatic’ (PAS score 5+); (2) ‘ADM use’; (3) ‘symptomatic or ADM use’; (4) ‘symptomatic and no ADM use’; (5) ‘asymptomatic (PAS score <5) and ADM use’ and (6) ‘symptomatic and ADM use’. Covariates were demographic, lifestyle, functional health and chronic disease factors. Cox regressions were used to determined hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (HR [95% CI]) for diabetes incidence according to depression exposures, adjusted for significant covariates.ResultsBaseline response rate was 70.3%. Depression predictors of diabetes incidence were ‘symptomatic’ (2.29 [1.28,4.10]), ‘symptomatic or ADM use’ (2.13 [1.32,3.44]) and ‘symptomatic and no ADM use’ (2.38 [1.28,4.45]), after adjustment for significant covariates. Being asymptomatic was not a protective factor among those prescribed antidepressants.ConclusionsOlder people with depressive symptoms are at least twice more likely to develop diabetes than those without depressive symptoms, regardless of antidepressants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression in Dutch homes for the elderly: under‐diagnosis in demented residents?
Authors: Baller Menke , Boorsma Marijke , Frijters Dinnus HM , van Marwijk Harm WJ , Nijpels Giel , van Hout Hein PJ 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectiveAlthough community‐based studies reported an increased incidence of depression among demented persons compared with non‐demented persons, it is not clear whether this relationship also exists among institutionalised elderly persons. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of diagnosed depressive disorders and mood symptoms between demented and non‐demented residents living in Dutch homes for the elderly.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis in 16 homes for the elderly of routine outcome measurements by trained nurse assistants using the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) between January 2007 and April 2008. Nurse assistants recorded all known medical diagnoses including dementia and depression, as well as a structured observation of the presence or absence of 11 mood symptoms over the last 3 days.Results313 demented and 463 non‐demented residents with complete data were included (99% of all residents, mean age 84 years). 24.6% of participants were diagnosed with a depressive disorder, with no statistically significant difference between demented and non‐demented persons (p = 0.237). Mood symptoms were more prevalent in demented residents (p < 0.001, OR 2.14, 95%CI 1.56–2.93). Among residents with mood symptoms, demented residents were less likely to be diagnosed with a depressive disorder than non‐demented residents (p = 0.039, OR 0.61, 95%CI 0.38–0.98).ConclusionsThe prevalence of diagnosed depressive disorders was comparable between demented and non‐demented residents. However, demented residents suffered more from mood symptoms and may be at risk of under‐diagnosis of depression. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The entorhinal cortex, but not the dorsal hippocampus, is necessary for single‐cue latent learning
Authors: Stouffer Eric M. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to examine the roles of the entorhinal cortex (EC), dorsal hippocampus (DH), and ventral hippocampus (VH) in a modified Latent Cue Preference (LCP) task. The modified LCP task utilized one visual cue in each compartment, compared to several multimodal cues used in a previous version. In the single‐cue LCP task, water‐replete rats drink water in one compartment of the LCP box on 1 day, and then have no water in a second compartment of the LCP box the following day (one training trial), for a total of three training trials. Rats are then water‐deprived prior to a preference test, in which they are allowed to move freely between the two compartments with the water removed. Latent learning is demonstrated when water‐deprived rats spend more time in the compartment that previously contained the water. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the single‐cue LCP task results in the same irrelevant‐incentive latent learning as the multicue LCP task. In addition, Experiment 1 replicated the finding that a compartment preference based on this latent learning requires a deprivation state during the preference test, while a compartment preference based on conditioning does not. Experiment 2 examined the effects of pretraining neurotoxin lesions of the EC, DH, and VH on this single‐cue LCP task. Results showed that lesions of the EC and VH disrupted the irrelevant‐incentive latent learning, while lesions of the DH did not. These results indicate that a latent learning task that involves one discrete compartment cue, rather than several compartmental cues, does not require the DH. Therefore, the EC appears to play a central role in single‐cue latent learning in the LCP task. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal NMDA receptor subunits differentially regulate fear memory formation and neuronal signal propagation
Authors: Gao Can , Gill Martin B. , Tronson Natalie C. , Guedea Anita L. , Guzmán Yomayra F. , Huh Kyu Hwan , Corcoran Kevin A. , Swanson Geoffrey T. , Radulovic Jelena 
Published: October 2009

AbstractActivation of NMDA receptors (NMDAR) in the hippocampus is essential for the formation of contextual and trace memory. However, the role of individual NMDAR subunits in the molecular mechanisms contributing to these memory processes is not known. Here we demonstrate, using intrahippocampal injection of subunit‐selective compounds, that the NR2A‐preferring antagonist impaired contextual and trace fear conditioning as well as learning‐induced increase of the nuclear protein c‐Fos. The NR2B‐specific antagonist, on the other hand, selectively blocked trace fear conditioning without affecting c‐Fos levels. Studies with cultured primary hippocampal neurons, further showed that synaptic and extrasynaptic NR2A and NR2B differentially regulate the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2/mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase 1 (ERK1/2/MSK1)/c‐Fos pathway. Activation of the synaptic population of NMDAR induced cytosolic, cytoskeletal, and perinuclear phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (pERK1/2). The nuclear propagation of pERK1/2 signals, revealed by upregulation of the downstream nuclear targets pMSK1 and c‐Fos, was blocked by a preferential NR2A but not by a specific NR2B antagonist. Conversely, activation of total (synaptic and extrasynaptic) NMDAR engaged receptors with NR2B subunits, and resulted in membrane retention of pERK1/2 without inducing pMSK1 and c‐Fos. Stimulation of extrasynaptic NMDAR alone was consistently ineffective at activating ERK signaling. The discrete contribution of synaptic and total NR2A‐ and NR2B‐containing NMDAR to nuclear transmission vs. membrane retention of ERK signaling may underlie their specific roles in the formation of contextual and trace fear memory. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology of the quadrate in the Eocene anseriform Presbyornis and extant galloanserine birds
Authors: Elzanowski Andrzej , Stidham Thomas A. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractDespite the notoriety, phylogenetic significance, and large number of available specimens of Presbyornis, its cranial anatomy has never been studied in detail, and its quadrate has been partly misinterpreted. We studied five quadrates of Presbyornis that reveal features hitherto unknown in the anseriforms but otherwise present in galliforms. As a result, we analyzed the variable quadrate characters among all extant galloanserine families and identified synapomorphies and other morphological variation among the major galloanserine clades. In terms of quadrate morphology, Presbyornis is more plesiomorphic than any extant anseriform (including the Anhimidae) and shares ancestral galloanserine characters with the Megapodiidae, the earliest branch of extant galliforms. The quadrate's morphology is inconsistent with the currently accepted anseriform phylogeny that nests Presbyornis within the crown‐group as a close relative of the Anatidae. The presbyornithid quadrates exhibit an unusual variation in the presence of a caudomedial pneumatic foramen, which we interpret as a result of a discontinuous change in the growth path of the pneumatic diverticulum. Another episode of morphogenetic imbalance in the growth path of the pneumatic diverticulum may have accompanied the disappearance of the basiorbital pneumatic foramen (along with the pneumatization of the pterygoid) at the origin of the crown‐group anseriforms. This episode is marked by the striking individual variation in the presence and location of pneumatic foramina in the mandibular part of the quadrate in the Anhimidae. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and freedom in creativity: The interplay between externally imposed structure and personal cognitive style
Authors: Sagiv Lilach , Arieli Sharon , Goldenberg Jacob , Goldschmidt Ayalla 
Published: October 2009

AbstractThis research investigates how creativity is influenced by externally imposed structure (how structured the task is), internal, cognitively produced, structure (how structured the individuals' cognitive style is), and the interaction between these two factors. Reviewing past literature, we find a contradiction. Studies that focused on the situational perspective found that externally imposed structure increases creativity. In contrast, studies that focused on the individual found that systematic (structured) cognitive style decreases creativity. In two empirical studies we investigated this seeming contradiction. We focused on two aspects of externally imposed structure: The construction of the task (Study 1) and the instructions provided (Study 2). The findings of both studies revealed that creativity was higher under structured conditions. We also show that intuitive individuals are more creative than systematic individuals, but mainly under free conditions, where structure is not externally imposed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of fatty acid composition, vitamin E and carotenoid contents of palm oils from four varieties of oil palm from Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Monde Absalome A , Michel Françoise , Carbonneau Marie‐Annette , Tiahou Georges , Vernet Marie‐Hélène , Eymard‐Duvernay Sabrina , Badiou Stephanie , Adon Benjamin , Konan Eugène , Sess Daniel , Cristol Jean Paul 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Fatty acid, tocopherol, tocotrienol and carotene contents were assessed in four oil palm species from the National Centre of Agronomical Research of Côte d'Ivoire, two of which were the basal Lamé (HP1) and Deli (HP2) collections and two of which resulted from crossings between HP1 and HP2 varieties of Eleais guineensis, HP3 and HP4 being identified as the first and second cycle selection, respectively.RESULTS: Palm oil species were characterized by the richness in polyunsaturated fatty acids composition (48–60%) compared to saturated fatty acids (40–52%), especially the first variety, which was from the base collection, and the two hybrids ensuing from crossing. Total carotene content of those varieties was higher and accounted for 832–3575 µg g−1, and the β‐carotene level (580–2390 µg g−1) was predominant. Total vitamin E content was 864–1124 µg g−1, with a notable higher content of tocotrienols, especially γ‐and α‐tocotrienol, ranging from 400 to 515 µg g−1 and from 238 to 350 µg g−1, respectively.CONCLUSION: Crossing seemed to be useful in improving the performance and analytical characteristics of the base collection materials. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutrient composition of tomato products prepared using tomato grown under sodic condition with gypsum and farmyard manure treatment
Authors: Rani Varsha , Khetarpaul Neelam 
Published: October 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The use of sodic water for crop irrigation decreases the availability of nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, magnesium and zinc to plants and harms crop yield and quality. Crops irrigated with sodic water have been utilised in various product formulations. Gypsum and farmyard manure (FYM) are known to provide good soil amendment under sodic water irrigation. This research was therefore conducted to study the variation in nutrient composition of tomato products prepared from tomatoes irrigated with canal water (control) and those irrigated with sodic water treated with gypsum and FYM at two levels, i.e. 50% neutralisation of sodicity (G1F2) and complete neutralisation of sodicity (G2F2).RESULTS: The contents of protein, fat, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and total soluble sugars in three types of tomato product were in the ranges 1.08–1.68, 0.20–0.31, 0.43–1.07, 0.83–1.06, 6.17–7.22 and 2.32–4.81 g kg−1 respectively. Tomato products prepared from tomatoes irrigated with G1F2‐treated water contained significantly (P < 0.05) less protein, fat, crude fibre, dietary fibre, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc and sulfate but more ash, carbohydrate, total soluble sugars, oxalic acid, polyphenols, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate than those prepared from tomatoes irrigated with canal water and G2F2‐treated water.CONCLUSION: The results showed that tomato crops irrigated with sodic water treated with gypsum and FYM to varying extent were effective in maintaining and improving the nutrient composition of various tomato products. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Solitary fibrous tumor of the thyroid gland
Authors: Farrag Tarik Y. , Micchelli Shien , Tufano Ralph P. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractWe report a case of solitary fibrous tumor of the thyroid gland in a 51‐year‐old man with pre‐existing right recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis from a congenital tracheoesophageal fistula repair as an infant. The left thyroid lobe was enlarged and soft. Fine needle aspiration biopsy via ultrasound guidance demonstrated a hypercellular aspirate composed of spindle cells with bland nuclear morphology. Given this histomorphology and immunohistochemical profile, the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor was considered and confirmed following left thyroid lobectomy. Laryngoscope, 2009
Effects of smoking on quality of life following sinus surgery: 4‐year follow‐up
Authors: Das Subinoy , Khichi Sunny S. , Perakis Helen , Woodard Troy , Kountakis Stilianos E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study is to report on long‐term outcomes in a prospective study comparing the quality‐of‐life outcomes in smokers and nonsmokers undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Study Design:Prospective clinical trial.Methods:A total of 235 patients were prospectively enrolled at a single tertiary academic center. Preoperative Sino‐Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT)‐20 scores and comprehensive demographic and smoking data were obtained. Preoperative SNOT‐20 scores were compared to postoperative SNOT‐20 scores.Results:Long‐term follow‐up results were available in 111/185 nonsmokers (60%) and 26/50 smokers (52%). Nonsmokers had a mean preoperative SNOT‐20 score of 26.2, a short‐term follow‐up score of 10.1 (mean, 3.1 months) and a long‐term follow‐up score of 11.4 (mean, 44.2 months). Smokers had a mean preoperative SNOT‐20 score of 27.8, a short‐term follow‐up score of 5.7 (mean, 3.1 months) and a long‐term follow‐up score of 8.3 (mean, 40.3 months). The mean improvement in SNOT‐20 scores for smokers was significantly greater than nonsmokers in short‐term follow‐up (P = .044), however, no significant difference in improvement was seen between smokers and nonsmokers at long‐term follow‐up.Conclusions:Both smokers and nonsmokers continue to maintain a highly significant improvement in SNOT‐20 scores following endoscopic sinus surgery at long‐term follow‐up. Although smoking remains a well‐documented cause of medical morbidity, smokers maintained an improvement in quality of life after long‐term follow‐up from endoscopic sinus surgery in this prospective study. Laryngoscope, 2009
Segmental hemangiomas of the upper airway
Authors: O Teresa M. , Alexander Ronda E. , Lando Tali , Grant Nazaneen N. , Perkins Jonathan A. , Blitzer Andrew , Waner Milton 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To characterize the anatomic distribution of segmental hemangiomas of the larynx and to describe indications for treatment modalities.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with cutaneous hemangiomas at a tertiary care center over a 4‐year period. Only patients with upper airway hemangiomas were studied. We reviewed the anatomic distribution of hemangiomas within the upper airway and the treatment course of each patient.Results:Of 1,226 patients with cutaneous hemangiomas, 108 (9%) were segmental in distribution. There were 56 patients (52%) who had a V3 distribution pattern, and 16 patients (29%) with upper airway involvement. All of these patients had associated V3 or mandibular segmental hemangiomas. As with the cutaneous manifestation, the distribution of hemangioma within the upper airway was segmental. This included the following anatomic sites: oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, intrinsic structures of the larynx, and subglottis. Many of these patients had diffuse mucosal involvement, including tracheal involvement. A total of 13 out of 16 patients underwent medical intervention, and seven also required surgical intervention. Medical management included systemic (12 patients) and intralesional (two patients) steroids. One patient received chemotherapy prior to referral. Surgical treatment included tracheostomy (four patients prior to referral) and laser ablation of subglottic involvement (total of four patients).Conclusions:A high percentage of patients with V3 cutaneous hemangiomas (29%) will manifest with upper airway involvement, the distribution of which is segmental. Treatment should take this diffuse pattern of involvement into consideration. Laryngoscope, 2009
The mandibulotomy: Friend or foe? Safety outcomes and literature review
Authors: Dziegielewski Peter T. , Mlynarek Alex M. , Dimitry John , Harris Jeffrey R. , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis:To determine the safety outcomes of a unique mandibulotomy technique and to compare results to the world literature.Study Design:Retrospective review of a tertiary care head and neck cancer practice.Methods:A total of 220 consecutive lip‐splitting mandibulotomy access cases from 1998 to 2006 were identified in the University of Alberta's prospective head and neck surgery database and reviewed with follow‐up to June 2009. Uniform surgical technique consisting of a lower lip‐splitting incision, incisor extraction, a paramedian stair‐step osteotomy, and combination fixation with direct interosseous wires and a compression miniplate was utilized for all cases. Variations from traditional methods include adapting the compression miniplate to the reapproximated, rather than precut, mandible and utilizing a mentalis‐wire tacking stitch. The main outcome was the complication rate. Complications were recorded and separated into categories consisting of 1) fixation failure: malunion, nonunion, mandibular fracture, plate failure, wire protrusion; and 2) poor wound healing: hardware exposure, orocutaneous fistulae, osteomyelitis, and osteoradionecrosis.Results:Twenty‐three (10.5%) mandibulotomy‐related complications occurred in 22 (10.0%) patients. Six (2.7%) cases of fixation failure and 17 (7.7%) cases of poor wound healing were identified. The most common complication was hardware exposure. Uni‐ and multivariate regression analysis failed to show that any patient, tumor, or perioperative variables were statistically significant predictors of complications. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed complications rates of 5.1% at 6 months, 7.0% at 12 months, and 10.2% at 24 months.Conclusions:The lip‐splitting mandibulotomy technique employed provides a safe and effective means of accessing difficult to reach anatomy of the upper aerodigestive tract. Laryngoscope, 2009
Tissue‐engineered trachea for airway reconstruction
Authors: Weidenbecher Mark , Tucker Harvey M. , Gilpin David A. , Dennis James E. 
Published: October 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Scaffold‐free cartilage has been used to engineer biocompatible and mechanically stable neotracheas in vivo. The purpose of this animal study was to determine if neotracheal constructs, implanted paratracheally, could successfully be used for segmental tracheal reconstruction.Study Design:Animal study.Methods:Culture‐expanded auricular rabbit chondrocytes were used to engineer scaffold‐free cartilage sheets. Cartilage and a strap muscle flap were wrapped around a tube and implanted paratracheally. At 12 to 14 weeks postimplantation neotracheas were used to reconstruct 20 mm tracheal defects. Surgical technique was modified several times in an attempt to decrease the amount of neotracheal obstruction and fibrosis. In one of the six rabbits, neotrachea with its intact strap muscle flap was dropped into the defect followed by an end‐to‐end anastomosis; in two animals the muscle flap was partially, and in one rabbit completely removed. In two animals the muscle flap was partially removed, the tube reinserted, and the construct reimplanted for 5 weeks to allow formation of a fibrous lining over the exposed cartilage followed by tracheal reconstruction.Results:All implants developed into vascularized and mechanically sound neotracheas. Following reconstruction, none of the animals showed immediate signs of respiratory distress; however, one died after 24 hours due to extensive endotracheal muscle flap edema, whereas rabbits who had undergone partial or complete muscle flap removal survived up to 39 days before developing cicatricial stenosis.Conclusions:Tissue‐engineered neotracheas proved to have excellent biocompatibility and stability to function under physiologic conditions, but lacked adequate endotracheal lining resulting in neotracheal stenosis. Laryngoscope, 2009
Sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss after intravenous cocaine injection: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Stenner Markus , Stürmer Konrad , Beutner Dirk , Klussmann Jens Peter 
Published: October 2009

AbstractLittle is known about the effects of intravenous abuse of cocaine, especially on the inner ear. We report on a 26‐year‐old man who presented to our outpatient department with a sudden severe hearing loss after intravenous injection of cocaine. The audiogram on admission showed symmetric air conduction levels up to 80 dB at 4 kHz. After treatment with intravenous sodium chloride, prednisolone, and pentoxifylline, the audiogram 2 days later showed a bilateral normacusis. A review of the literature on the topic is given and possible reasons for inner ear damages caused by cocaine are discussed. Laryngoscope, 2009