bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new perspective on the incentive–blood donation relationship: partnership, congruency, and affirmation of competence
Authors: Chmielewski Danielle , Bove Liliana L. , Lei Jing , Neville Ben , Nagpal Anish 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: The Motivation Crowding‐out Theory suggests that incentives undermine intrinsic motivation and thus blood donation behavior. While there is strong evidence showing the negative relationship between monetary incentives and blood donation, findings on the effect of nonmonetary incentives are mixed. Set in a voluntary, nonremunerated environment, this study explores aspects of the nonmonetary incentive–blood donation relationship not captured by the crowding‐out hypothesis.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In‐depth interviews were conducted to explore donors' attitudes toward nonmonetary incentives currently used or considered by the Australian Red Cross Blood Service (Blood Service). Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive, thematic approach.RESULTS: Of the nonmonetary incentives examined (i.e., health screening tests, branded tokens, paid time off work, recognition of key milestones, and postdonation refreshments), none were found to crowd out intrinsic motivation, although not all were viewed favorably. Donors who viewed branded tokens negatively considered the cost implications for the Blood Service, while donors who responded positively considered the public benefit of tokens in raising the profile of the Blood Service. Other nonmonetary incentives—paid time off work, postdonation refreshments, and health screening tests—were viewed positively because donors perceived them to be congruent to the effort expended in donating blood. Finally, donors expressed a preference for private over public recognition when acknowledging significant contributions.CONCLUSION: When operating in a voluntary, nonremunerated environment, blood services should view donors as supply partners rather than customers, only consider nonmonetary incentives that are congruent with the act of donation, and provide private rather than public recognition of key milestones.
CTLA4‐Ig prevents alloantibody production and BMT rejection in response to platelet transfusions in mice
Authors: Gilson Christopher R. , Patel Seema R. , Zimring James C. 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: Platelet (PLT) transfusions can induce humoral and cellular alloimmunity. HLA antibodies can render patients refractory to subsequent transfusion, and both alloantibodies and cellular alloimmunity can contribute to subsequent bone marrow transplant (BMT) rejection. Currently, there are no approved therapeutic interventions to prevent alloimmunization to PLT transfusions other than leukoreduction. Targeted blockade of T‐cell costimulation has shown great promise in inhibiting alloimmunity in the setting of transplantation, but has not been explored in the context of PLT transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We tested the hypothesis that the costimulatory blockade reagent CTLA4‐Ig would prevent alloreactivity against major and minor alloantigens on transfused PLTs. BALB/c (H‐2d) mice and C57BL/6 (H‐2b) mice were used as PLT donors and transfusion recipients, respectively. Alloantibodies were measured by indirect immunofluorescence using BALB/c PLTs and splenocytes as targets. BMTs were carried out under reduced‐intensity conditioning using BALB.B (H‐2b) donors and C57BL/6 (H‐2b) recipients to model HLA‐identical transplants. Experimental groups were given CTLA4‐Ig (before or after PLT transfusion) with control groups receiving isotype‐matched antibody.RESULTS: CTLA4‐Ig abrogated both humoral alloimmunization (H‐2d antibodies) and transfusion‐induced BMT rejection. Whereas a single dose of CTLA4‐Ig at time of transfusion prevented alloimmunization to subsequent PLT transfusions, administration of CTLA4‐Ig after initial PLT transfusion was ineffective. Delaying treatment until after PLT transfusion failed to prevent BMT rejection.CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate a novel strategy using an FDA‐approved drug that has the potential to prevent the clinical sequelae of alloimmunization to PLT transfusions.
Blood salvage and cancer surgery: a meta‐analysis of available studies
Authors: Waters Jonathan H. , Yazer Mark , Chen Yi‐Fan , Kloke John 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) is a technique that is frequently used in major blood loss surgery. Classically, it is avoided during cancer surgery where a fear exists of entraining cancer cells into the shed blood. In this study, all reports of this practice were collected to determine if this fear is warranted.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A literature search was performed including the search phrases “blood salvage,”“intraoperative blood salvage,”“cell salvage,”“cell saver,”“cell saving,”“autotransfusion,” and “autologous transfusion.” Data extracted from suitable papers included the authors' names, publication year, cancer type, exclusion criteria, sample size, length of follow‐up, and the mean patient age. The primary endpoint of this meta‐analysis was a comparison of the odds ratio (OR) for cancer recurrence or the development of metastases.RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in the analysis. The pooled summary of the OR was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.43‐0.98; p = 0.0391) using a random‐effects model. Measures of heterogeneity, Q‐statistics (p = 0.1615) and I2 (30.90%), did not indicate a high degree of between‐study variability.CONCLUSIONS: While significant variability existed between studies, this meta‐analysis suggests that outcomes after the use of IBS are not inferior to traditional intraoperative allogeneic transfusion. An adequately powered prospective, randomized trial of IBS use is required to determine its true risk during cancer surgery.
Characteristics of thawed autologous umbilical cord blood
Authors: Rosenau Emma H. , Sugrue Michele W. , Haller Michael , Fisk Diann , Kelly Susan S. , Chang Myron , Hou Wei , Eldjerou Lamis , Slayton William , Cogle Christopher R. , Wingard John R. 
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND: Autologous umbilical cord blood (AutoUCB) has historically been cryopreserved for potential use in hematopoietic transplantation. Increasingly, private AutoUCB banking is performed for therapies unavailable today. A Phase I trial using AutoUCB treatment for early pediatric Type 1 diabetes afforded us an opportunity to analyze characteristics of AutoUCBs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty AutoUCBs from AABB‐accredited private cord blood banks (CBBs) were evaluated for collection, processing, cryopreservation, and thaw characteristics. Using a standardized thaw‐wash method, AutoUCBs were assessed for viable total nucleated cells (vTNCs), viable CD34+ (vCD34+), and colony‐forming unit–granulocyte‐macrophage counts. Postthaw %vTNC recoveries were compared against processing characteristics and analyzed according to processing method, cryopreservation volume, concentration, container, and length of storage.RESULTS: AutoUCB collection volumes (19.9‐170 mL), cryopreserved TNC counts (7.6 × 107‐3.34 × 109), %TNC processing recoveries (39%‐100%), postthaw %vTNC recoveries (58%‐100%), and %vCD34+ recoveries (26%‐96%) varied widely. Regarding cell dose requirements, only 11% of evaluable AutoUCBs achieved the minimum TNC count of at least 9.0 × 108 to meet the National Cord Blood Inventory banking threshold, and only 50% met the minimum of 5.0 × 108 TNC count for Food and Drug Administration cord blood licensure eligibility. %vTNC recoveries correlated with %vCD34+ recoveries (R = 0.7; p = 0.03). Length of storage, cryopreservation volume, concentration, and container type did not affect postthaw %vTNC recoveries. CBB processing method, however, was associated with %vTNC postprocessing recoveries, with unmanipulated and plasma‐depleted AutoUCBs having the highest postthaw %vTNC recovery, followed by RBC‐depleted and density gradient–separated AutoUCBs.CONCLUSION: The high variability and low counts found in AutoUCB banking suggest that further standardization of characterization, collection, and processing procedures is needed.
Stability of voxel values from cone‐beam computed tomography for dental use in evaluating bone mineral content
Authors: Nomura Yoshikazu , Watanabe Hiroshi , Shirotsu Kazuya , Honda Eiichi , Sumi Yasunori , Kurabayshi Tohru 
Published: February 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the stability of voxel values from cone‐beam CT (CBCT) using a flat panel detector in changing surrounding circumstances mimicking clinical situations.Materials and methodsSeven hydroxyapatite (HA) rods (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 199, and 239 mg Ca/cm3) were set in a 16 cm diameter water phantom and scanned with CBCT (FineCube) and also with multislice CT (MSCT) used as reference. The voxel values from CBCT were measured by the obtained images with OsiriX software (http://www.osirix-viewer.com), and compared with the CT numbers from MSCT. We examined the correlation between the voxel values and the HA contents, the variance of voxel values, and the influence of changing surrounding circumstances on the voxel values.ResultsThe voxel values from CBCT were different from the CT numbers from MSCT, but there was a linear Pearson correlation between the voxel values and the HA contents. The voxel values were greatly influenced when the samples were scanned surrounded in air. However, the voxel values were not affected significantly in the existence of materials simulating oral hard tissues and/or a metal core post.ConclusionsThere was a linear correlation between the voxel values of CBCT and the contents of HA rod samples. Our study indicated that it might be possible to evaluate bone mineral content(BMC) from the voxel values of CBCT for dental implant treatment.
Mating Behavior Drives Seed Dispersal by the Long‐wattled Umbrellabird Cephalopterus penduliger
Authors: Karubian Jordan , Durães Renata , Storey Jenny L. , Smith Thomas B. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractFrugivores exhibit considerable variation in the seed dispersal services they provide. Understanding what drives these differences is a key goal for ecologists because of the central role seed dispersal plays in shaping ecological and genetic diversity in plant populations. The lek‐mating system of the Long‐wattled Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger) provides a powerful lens to examine how mating behavior may impact seed dispersal outcomes. As in all lek‐breeding species, male Umbrellabirds congregate in traditional sites (leks) to display, whereas females are solitary and visit leks only rarely. This study demonstrates how differences in mating behavior between the sexes drive distinctive seed movement and deposition patterns by male vs. female Umbrellabirds. Using radio tracking and gut retention trials, we documented divergent movement patterns between the sexes that are directly attributable to mating behavior differences. These movement differences led males to disperse seeds long distances from source trees and to deposit the majority of seeds they ingested within the lek; females dispersed seeds shorter distances and more evenly across the landscape. We empirically confirmed that the density of dispersed seeds was higher in leks than in control areas outside the lek, yet found no evidence that this higher density of seeds in leks reduced probability of seedling establishment. This research not only provides a mechanistic explanation for long dispersal distances and high levels of genetic diversity previously reported for seeds in Umbrellabird leks, but also highlights the importance of explicitly considering behavior in studies of animal‐mediated seed dispersal.
Nurse practitioners in Taiwan: Today and tomorrow
Authors: Wei Ching‐Wen , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Tsay Shiow‐Luan , Lin Che‐Wei 
Published: February 2012

Abstract  Purpose: To describe the barriers that nurse practitioners (NPs) face and their hopes for the future.Data sources: The study used a qualitative research design, with 10 certified NPs who were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected through a face‐to‐face semi‐structured interview, and content analysis was used to analyze the data.Conclusions: NPs in Taiwan are challenged by a number of barriers; however, they remain positive that their circumstances will improve.Implications for practice: The results of this study suggest that there is a need for better communication between policymakers and NPs. Additionally, as recommended by the International Council of Nursing, there is a need for NPs to earn a master's degree and to have formal training prior to beginning work as an NP. Furthermore, to evaluate the NPs’ performance, outcome studies need to be conducted. Implementing such recommendations should enable NPs to earn the respect and support of healthcare professionals and administrators.
National nursing registration in Australia: A way forward for nurse practitioner endorsement
Authors: Driscoll Andrea , Harvey Clare , Green Anna , Weatherby Robert P. , Liew Danny , Prentice David , Lord Julie , Lee Geraldine , Crellin Dianne , Dobroff Naomi , Heland Melodie 
Published: February 2012

Abstract  Purpose: The move to national registration of health professionals and the creation of the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) provides both challenges and opportunities for the regulation of nurse practitioners (NPs) in Australia.Data sources: National and state health policy documents, accessible on the Internet, concerning the regulation and endorsement processes for NPs in Australia were examined.Conclusions: The similarities between two of the previous jurisdictional NP endorsement processes in New South Wales and Victoria provide a common ground on which to build a robust national system. However, there are also key differences between these two states. These differences were mainly in the evidence required to assess competency of NP applicants and the authority to prescribe medications. All Victorian NP applicants were required to complete an approved medication subject at a master's level.Implications for practice: A consistent endorsement process that delivers NPs of the highest standard and allows for efficient use of their skills and expertise is vital. This needs to be performed with the aim of providing high‐quality care in a regulatory environment that protects the public and clearly articulates the level of competence expected of all NPs.
Improved SWAT Model Performance With Time‐Dynamic Voronoi Tessellation of Climatic Input Data in Southern Africa1
Authors: Andersson Jafet C.M. , Zehnder Alexander J.B. , Wehrli Bernhard , Yang Hong 
Published: February 2012

Andersson, Jafet C.M., Alexander J.B. Zehnder, Bernhard Wehrli, and Hong Yang, 2012. Improved SWAT Model Performance with Time‐Dynamic Voronoi Tessellation of Climatic Input Data in Southern Africa. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(3): 480‐493. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00627.xAbstract:  In this study, we compared two approaches to obtain climatic time series for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), namely the conventional centroid method and time‐dynamic Voronoi tessellation, and assessed the performance of SWAT in simulating discharge and smallholder maize yields in Southern Africa. Climatic time series were estimated with each method. The Voronoi method utilized all available precipitation and temperature data, but the centroid method used only 14.5 and 82.5%, respectively. After centroid processing, sub‐basin time series were on average 42 and 63% incomplete, respectively. After Voronoi processing, all time series were complete. SWAT was fed with each climate dataset. Each model setup was independently calibrated and validated against discharge and maize yield. Similar model performance was obtained with both methods for yield. The root mean squared error during calibration was 0.26 and 0.27 t ha−1 for the centroid and Voronoi methods, respectively (p‐value: 0.80). However, daily discharge simulations improved significantly with the Voronoi method. The coefficient of determination increased from 0.24 to 0.39 in the calibration period (p‐value: 9.6 × 10−13) and from 0.41 to 0.48 in the validation period (p‐value: 3.1 × 10−3). The Voronoi method improved the simulation of the river flow regime. The largest improvements were obtained in data scarce situations, at high spatial and temporal resolution, and where the centroid method performed the worst.
Oncolytic Immunotherapy of Advanced Solid Tumors with a CD40L-Expressing Replicating Adenovirus: Assessment of Safety and Immunologic Responses in Patients
Authors: Pesonen Sari , Diaconu Iulia , Kangasniemi Lotta , Ranki Tuuli , Kanerva Anna , Pesonen Saila K. , Gerdemann Ulrike , Leen Ann M. , Kairemo Kalevi , Oksanen Minna , Haavisto Elina , Holm Sirkka-Liisa , Karioja-Kallio Aila , Kauppinen Satu , Partanen Kaarina P. L. , Laasonen Leena , Joensuu Tima , Alanko Tuomo , Cerullo Vincenzo , Hemminki Akseli 
Published: February 2012

AbstractThe immunosuppressive environment of advanced tumors is a primary obstacle to the efficacy of immunostimulatory and vaccine approaches. Here, we report an approach to arm an oncolytic virus with CD40 ligand (CD40L) to stimulate beneficial immunologic responses in patients. A double-targeted chimeric adenovirus controlled by the hTERT promoter and expressing CD40L (CGTG-401) was constructed and nine patients with progressing advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapies were treated intratumorally. No serious adverse events resulting in patient hospitalization occurred. Moderate or no increases in neutralizing antibodies were seen, suggesting effective Th1 immunologic effects. An assessment of the blood levels of virus indicated 17.5% of the samples (n = 40) were positive at a low level early after treatment, but not thereafter. In contrast, high levels of virus, CD40L, and RANTES were documented locally at the tumor. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by IFN-γ ELISPOT analysis and induction of both survivin-specific and adenovirus-specific T cells was seen. Antitumor T-cell responses were even more pronounced when assessed by intracellular cytokine staining after stimulation with tumor type–specific peptide pools. Of the evaluable patients, 83% displayed disease control at 3 months and in both cases in which treatment was continued the effect was sustained for at least 8 months. Injected and noninjected lesions responded identically. Together, these findings support further clinical evaluation of CGTG-401. Cancer Res; 72(7); 1621–31. ©2012 AACR.
Immune Suppression in Premalignant Respiratory Papillomas: Enriched Functional CD4+Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells and PD-1/PD-L1/L2 Expression
Authors: Hatam Lynda J. , DeVoti James A. , Rosenthal David W. , Lam Fung , Abramson Allan L. , Steinberg Bettie M. , Bonagura Vincent R. 
Published: February 2012

AbstractPurpose: Respiratory papillomas, caused by human papillomaviruses types 6 and 11 (HPV6/11), are premalignant lesions with potential for malignant conversion. The cytokine and chemokine micromilieu of papillomas is TH2-like with a marked absence of IFN-γ expression. To illuminate why patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) fail to effectively control their disease, we further investigated the suppressive cellular microenvironment in papillomas.Experimental Design: CD4+CD25+CD127low/−Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and CD4+CD25−CD127low/−Foxp3− T cells within papillomas were characterized and isolated. Their suppressor function was measured by inhibition of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. Expression of PD-1, CD69, and Helios was identified on these T cells. PD-L1, PD-L2, CCL17, and CCL22 mRNA was also identified in papillomas by quantitative PCR.Results: Functional Tregs were markedly enriched in papillomas and strongly inhibited anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibody activated PBMC proliferation. The natural Treg marker Helios was reduced on Tregs from papillomas, indicating that the majority of Tregs in papillomas are adaptive. The majority of the papilloma-derived CD4+ T cells expressed the CD4+CD25−CD127low/−Foxp3−PD1+CD69+ phenotype and failed to suppress PBMC proliferation, suggesting that they are chronically activated and exhausted. The Treg-attracting chemokine CCL22 was equally expressed by all laryngeal tissues examined. However, CCL17 was robustly expressed by papillomas compared with unaffected laryngeal tissues from RRP patients and individuals without RRP. PD-L1 was elevated in papillomas compared with control laryngeal tissues.Conclusions: Papilloma CD4+ T cells are enriched with functional Tregs, and the adaptive Helios− Treg fraction was increased within the TH2-like papilloma micromilieu. CD4+CD25−CD127low/−Foxp3− T-cells failed to suppress PBMC proliferation and may be exhausted. The PD-1/PDL-1 pathway may represent an additional immunosuppressive mechanism that contributes to defective HPV6/11 clearance in RRP. Clin Cancer Res; 18(7); 1925–35. ©2012 AACR.
On Offshore Propagating Diurnal Waves
Authors: Jiang Qingfang 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
Characteristics and dynamics of offshore diurnal waves induced by land–sea differential heating are examined using linear theory. Two types of heating profiles are investigated, namely a shallow heating source confined within an atmospheric boundary layer (BL) and a deep heating source located above the boundary layer.
It is demonstrated that a boundary layer top inversion or a more stable layer aloft tends to partially trap diurnal waves in the BL and consequently extend perturbations well offshore. The wave amplitude decays with offshore distance due to BL friction and leakage of energy into the free atmosphere. The dependence of trapped waves on the inversion height and strength, atmosphere stratification, latitude, BL friction, and background winds is investigated. Diurnal waves generated by a deep heating source extending well above the BL are characterized by longer wavelengths, faster propagation, and substantially longer e-folding decay distances than waves induced by a BL source. For the latter, BL friction has little impact on the e-folding decay distance, as waves are mostly located in the free atmosphere rather than in a frictional BL.
A Satellite-Derived Climate-Quality Data Record of the Clear-Sky Surface Temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Hall Dorothy K. , Comiso Josefino C. , DiGirolamo Nicolo E. , Shuman Christopher A. , Key Jeffrey R. , Koenig Lora S. 
Published: February 2012

Abstract
The authors have developed a climate-quality data record of the clear-sky surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet using the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ice-surface temperature (IST) algorithm. Daily and monthly quality-controlled MODIS ISTs of the Greenland Ice Sheet beginning on 1 March 2000 and continuing through 31 December 2010 are presented at 6.25-km spatial resolution on a polar stereographic grid along with metadata to permit detailed accuracy assessment. The ultimate goal is to develop a climate data record (CDR) that starts in 1981 with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Polar Pathfinder (APP) dataset and continues with MODIS data from 2000 to the present, and into the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) era (the first VIIRS instrument was launched in October 2011). Differences in the APP and MODIS cloud masks have thus far precluded merging the APP and MODIS IST records, though this will be revisited after the APP dataset has been reprocessed with an improved cloud mask. IST of Greenland may be used to study temperature and melt trends and may also be used in data assimilation modeling and to calculate ice sheet mass balance. The MODIS IST climate-quality dataset provides a highly consistent and well-characterized record suitable for merging with earlier and future IST data records for climate studies. The complete MODIS IST daily and monthly data record is available online.