bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Female talents in the labour marker: barriers to achieving success
Authors: Durakova Irina B. , Kosygina Irina D. 
Published: June 2024

Subject. The need to rethink the work within each employee category has been driven by the transformation of the natural and migratory movement of the population and the new values of younger generations who are no longer inclined to be tied to an employer. Accordingly, female talents, among others, come into a focus of the research activity, thereby highlighting the need to study the definitions of this category, barriers and professional success factors, with due consideration of gender-based segments of the personnel.Objectives. The article makes an effort to provide insights into the evolution of the scientific idea in regards to the category of “female talent” in an organisation and the specific features of their employment, with allowance for fulfilment of the need to combine their work and private life.Methodology. The analysis and synthesis are applied to gain a new understanding of how an organisation develops talents in gender terms. The table and grouping methods are used to show the barriers to the development and fulfilment of employed women’s talents and possible ways of overcoming such barriers in the labour market.Results. The article sets forth provisions promoting a scientific idea of the need to form a cohort of female talents in the labour market, to revise their role in the family, and to provide them with an opportunity to choose between alternative lifestyles; and classifies a number of barriers to the development and fulfilment of employed women’s talent by groups.Conclusions. In the context of the complicated demographic situation and a shortage of personnel, a dual concept of talent has been developing; it does not disregard the “divine power” in endowing employees with talent, but it substantiates the possibility of its “artificial cultivation”, without relying on the innateness. The article systematises scholars’ views on gender segregation with consideration of I. Kant’s motto, Sapere aude! (Dare to know!) as the only code to the way out of self-suggestion and immaturity. The article draws conclusions on the current state of scientific views on females in the organisation. It systematises international legal documents on the protection of women’s rights in the labour market.
Принципы в международном праве
Authors: Romashev Yuriy , Postnikova Elena 
Published: June 2024

В доктрине присутствуют самые различные подходы к пониманию принципов международного права, их роли в регулировании межгосударственных отношений. Исследование принципов международном права по большей части сводится к рассмотрению его основных принципов, составляющих основу международного правопорядка. Вместе с тем принципы международного права –явление многогранное. Выявление правовой природы принципов международного права, раскрытие их сущности и многогранности носят как теоретический, так и прикладной характер. Настоящая работа посвящена исследованию принципов международного права как социального и правового явления. Несмотря на их фундаментальный, стабильный характер, показана возможность их эволюции. Приведена классификация принципов международного права, позволяющая полнее раскрыть различные их сущностные стороны, специфические черты. На основе диалектического подхода, а также использования общенаучных методов исследования изучено содержание различных видов принципов международного права. Показана их роль в регулировании межгосударственных отношений и в правоприменительной практике. Большое внимание уделено исследованию нормативности принципов международного права, их различных видов. Рассмотрена правовая природа принципов международного права, имеющих писаную и неписаную формы своего существования и выражения. Показаны трудности выведения неписаных принципов международного права вскрыта взаимосвязь принципов, нашедших отражение в различных источниках международного права, международных обычаях, международных договорах, а также в общих принципах права. Показано, что принципы международного права являются важной правовой категорией, сложным и многоплановым социальным и правовым явлением, базовым регулятором межгосударственных отношений; они содержат основные идеи и подходы, отражающие состояние и потребности развития межгосударственных отношений, жизненно важных интересов мирового сообщества, его нравственные и политические установки; оказывают решающее воздействие на развитие самого международного права; предопределяют структуру межгосударственных отношений, их системность и стабильность. Подчеркнуто, что без принципов невозможно полноценное функционирование международного права, а также правоприменительная и правотворческая деятельность.
Нормативно-правовое регулирование генеративного искусственного интеллекта в Великобритании, США, Европейском союзе и Китае
Authors: Li Yao 
Published: June 2024

30 ноября 2022 года компания OpenAI запустила разговорный искусственный интеллект ChatGPT. С обновлением последней версии ChatGPT продемонстрировал впечатляющую способность понимать естественный язык, что сделало его привлекательным инструментом для компаний и частных лиц, желающих обеспечить обслуживание и поддержку клиентов. В качестве обучающих данных для GPT-3 используются текстовые данные, в основном, из общедоступной информации в Интернете. GPT-4, в свою очередь, помимо текстовых данных, использует для обучения большое количество изображений и таким образом может обрабатывать как текстовые, так и графические данные. Появление генеративного искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) сильно повлияло на жизнь человека, однако нужно отметить, что интеллектуальные технологии — это обоюдоострый меч: быстрое развитие технологии генеративного ИИ, с одной стороны, может повысить эффективность и производительность, снизить затраты и открыть новые возможности для роста экономики. С другой, использование сервисов генеративного ИИ для создания синтетического контента в виде текста, аудио, видео и изображений создает возможные риски. На сегодняшний день разные регионы по всему миру находятся на разных стадиях разработки нормативных актов, касающихся генеративного ИИ. С использованием сравнительно-правового метода и метода системного анализа в настоящей статье подробно анализируются основные модели правового регулирования генеративного ИИ в современном мире на примере Великобритании, США, Евросоюза и Китая, отмечается разница в подходах при разработке и принятии соответствующих нормативных правовых актов в области регулирования сервисов генеративного ИИ. Раскрываются позиции китайского правительства в отношении «развития и безопасности», и также «инновации и управления» на настоящий момент. Описываются основные тенденции совершенствования регулирования сервисов генеративного ИИ со стороны законодательства Китая. Сделан вывод о необходимости сбалансировать «верховенство закона» и «инновацию», и способствовать здоровому развитию генеративного ИИ.
Requirements for the Selection of Professional Vocabulary and Professionally Marked Background Knowledge for Non-Philological Humanities Specialties Students
Authors: Волчек А.В. 
Published: June 2024

Описаны принципы отбора необходимого объема знаний по специальности для студентов нефилологических специальностей первого года обучения в российских вузах по искусствоведческим направлениям подготовки. Актуальность работы определяется тем, что без должного внимания остаются специальности творческих направлений, обучающиеся по которым нуждаются в профессионально ориентированной подготовке по русскому языку. Выделены основные критерии отбора профессиональной лексики и профессионально маркированных фоновых знаний для студентов нефилологических специальностей гуманитарного профиля. Данная работа может послужить основой для дифференцированного подхода при описании требований к различным группам иностранных студентов нефилологических специальностей и создании для них материалов по русскому языку как иностранному в рамках профессионально ориентированного обучения.
The article discusses the principles of determining the required level of knowledge in the specialty for students of non-philological expertise in the initial academic year of study at Russian universities in art history fields. The work's relevance stems from the lack of attention given to creative professions that require competent Russian language training. The primary criteria for selecting professional vocabulary as well as designated background knowledge for students of non-philological disciplines in the humanities are identified. This study can serve as the foundation for a diversified approach to identifying the needs of distinct groups of students and developing resources for them on Russian as a foreign language within the scope of professionally oriented training.
"A IMAGINAÇÃO AO PODER":
Authors: Amorim José Pedro , Antunes Maria João , Cerqueira Vera 
Published: June 2024

Este texto nasce de um convite: aprofundar o conhecimento sobre a circulação de ideias pedagógicas entre Portugal e Brasil. Para tanto, descrevemos e analisamos criticamente parte da ação dos movimentos estudantis que ocorreram em Portugal e no Brasil, nos anos 1960 e 70. Procuramos desenvolver um estudo histórico e teórico, sobre os pontos de contacto entre Nise da Silveira, psiquiatra brasileira, e Manuela Malpique, professora de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto. Estabelecemos um paralelo com a obra de Paulo Freire, contemporânea dos dois exemplos aqui tratados, e que nos ajuda a perceber a relação entre a ideia de democratização da universidade e, sobretudo, uma transformação da sociedade elitista, classista, capitalista que a universidade tem alimentado.
Causes of paroxysmal dyspnea in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Yarmedova S. F. , Yavelov I. S. , Drapkina O. M. 
Published: June 2024

Aim. To study possible causes of dyspnea in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).Material and methods. 101 patients with stable CAD and paroxysmal dyspnea who underwent inpatient treatment in the cardiology department were included in the observational study. The following parameters were analyzed: presence and severity of dyspnea, angina pectoris, chronic heart failure (CHF), anxiety and/or depression, results of physical examination, electrocardiography,laboratory tests (levels of high sensitive cardiac troponin, natriuretic peptide and thyroid-s timulating hormone in the blood), a 6 minute walk test, multispiral computed tomography or chest X-ray, Holter monitorechocardiography, stress echocardiography with a treadmill load, spirometry with a bronchodilation test, as well as coronary angiography, which was performed in the detection of myocardial ischemia were.Results. Transient myocardial ischemia as a cause of dyspnea was diagnosed in 36 patients (35.6%). At the same time, chest pain during stress echocardiography was noted only in 5% of cases. In addition to myocardial ischemia, the following possible causes of dyspnea were found: CHF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) in 76 patients (75.2%), obesity — in 34 (33.7%), anxiety — in 33 (32.7%), valvular pathology — in 28 (27.7%), pulmonary ventilation disorders — in 21 (20.8%), depression — in 20 (19.9%), cardiac rhythm and conduction disorders — in 9 (8,9%), thyroid dysfunction — in 7 (6.9%), CHF with mildly reduced EF — in 7 (6.9%), CHF with reduced EF — in 2 (2.0%), anaemia — in 2 (2.0%). The potential cause of dyspnea was not established in 2 patients (2.0%). One cause of dyspnea was diagnosed in 8.9%, a combination of two causes — in 38.6%, three — in 25.7%, four — in 15.8%, five — in 6.9%, six causes — in 1% of participants. Dyspnea commonly was associated with transient myocardial ischemia combined with CHF with preserved EF (17%), as well as CHF with preserved EF and valvular pathology (13.9%).Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the variety of possible causes of dyspnea in patients with stable CAD, as well as the fact that transient myocardial ischemia is not the most common cause of dyspnea in this category of patients and in many cases is combined with other disorders accompanied by similar symptoms.
Enhanced Backpropagation Neural Network Approach for High Precision Fertilization Method in Greenhouse Vegetable Cultivation
Authors: Tang Ruipeng , Aridas Narendra Kumar , Talip Mohamad Sofian Abu , Tang Jian Rui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The traditional method of detecting crop nutrients is based on the direct chemical detection method in the laboratory, which causes great damage to crops. In order to solve the above problems, an precision fertilization method for greenhouse vegetables based on IM-BPNN(improved backpropagation neural network) algorithm is designed in this study. First, soil samples from the farm in china are selected. With the laboratory treatment, available phosphorus, available potassium, and alkaline nitrogen are extracted. These data are preprocessed by the z-score(zero-mean normalization) standardization method. Then, the BPNN(backpropagation neural network) algorithm is improved by being trained and combined with the characteristics of the dual particle swarm optimization algorithm. After that, the soil sample data are divided into training and test sets, and the model is established by setting parameters, weights, and network hierarchy. Finally, the NBTY(nutrient balance target yield) ,BPNN(backpropagation neural network) and IM-BPNN algorithm are used to calculate the amount of fertilizer. Compared with the NBTY algorithm, the available potassium, available phosphate, and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen increases 35.78%, 20.93% and 18.08% in the reasonable range and increases 52.09%, 37.34%, and 20.59% in the best range. Compared with the BPNN algorithm, the available potassium, available phosphate, and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen increases 15.47%, 12.06% and 9.82% in the reasonable range and increases 19.85%,18.98% and 11.35% in the best range. It shows that the IM-BPNN algorithm can more accurately determine the amount of fertilizer required by vegetables and avoid over-application, which can improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduce production costs, and improve the economic feasibility of agriculture.
COMMD10-deficiency in adipose tissue macrophages attenuates obesity and insulin resistance by boosting mitochondrial and antioxidant functions
Authors: Gluck Nathan , Ben-Shlomo Shani , Shrkihe Bander Abu , Radenbazarov Yulia , Erez Noam , Pasmanik-Chor Metsada , Shoham Ori , Abramovich Ifat , Gottlieb Eyal , Varol Chen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

During obesity, adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) colonize the white adipose tissue (WAT), where they acquire metabolically activated phenotypes. Here, we demonstrate that COMMD10 is a key regulator of macrophage oxidative capacity in response to chronic caloric excess. Mice with COMMD10-deficiency targeted to macrophages fed high-fat-diet (HFD) gained less weight, showed improved serum metabolic indices, enhanced systemic and WAT insulin sensitivity, and reduced adipocyte hypertrophy and liver steatosis. COMMD10-deficient ATM exhibited increased oxidative respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential after short and long term HFD. These findings were recapitulated in COMMD10-deficient BM-derived macrophages and human THP1 monocyte-derived macrophages. Intracellular copper was elevated in COMMD10-deficient macrophages, and its chelation normalized their increased mitochondrial respiration. Both glucose and lipids fueled the increased oxidative respiration in COMMD10-deficient ATM, and they better adapted to oxidative stress by upregulating NRF2-dependent antioxidant transcriptional modules. Overall, COMMD10-deficiency in ATM safely augments mitochondrial energy production and improves obesity-associated metabolic derangements.
No Genetic Causal Association Between Human Papillomavirus and Lung Cancer Risk A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: 陈 仪卓 , Xu Ziqing , Zhang Zhouqi , Wang Xin , Dong Ming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study systematically explores whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is causally related to lung cancer risk through a bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization analysis. Using data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) genome-wide association study dataset, comprising 11,348 lung cancer (LUCA) cases and 15,861 controls, we utilized genetic variants associated with the HPV E7 protein as instrumental variables. Our two-sample Mendelian Randomization analysis found no causal relationship between HPV infection and lung cancer (LUCA), including its subtypes squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Reverse analysis yielded similar results, indicating no significant causal link between LUCA and its subtypes and HPV infection. In conclusion, our findings do not support a genetic association between HPV infection and lung cancer.
Analysis of the CO2 Content in the PIM (Mangrove Information Center) Area in Pekalongan City, Central Java Province
Authors: Zainuri Muhammad , Ismanto Aris , Safinatunnajah Novia , Nasir Muhammad , Hadibarata Tony , Handoyo Gentur , Rifai Azis 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Mangrove forests have an important ecological function as absorbing and storing carbon in efforts to mitigate global warming, overcome world climate change due to increased CO2 emissions, and reduce the impact of climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2) acts as an indicator parameter for water and land activity, related to water-sea interactions and water productivity. The results of data processing show the concentration of CO2 in the Lagoon of the Pekalongan Regency, with the highest average and distribution values at several stations. Total organic carbon ranges between 1.12–13.67% the dissolve inorganic carbon ranges from 27.97 to 99.88 mg/L. CO2 content exceeding 20 mg/L can harm marine life and is an impact of global warming. In addition, sea water temperature varies along the station and is influenced by geographic location, land influence, and sea water mass. Station 3 has the lowest temperature, perhaps due to the influence of offshore sea water masses. This research illustrates the importance of managing mangrove ecosystems, measuring CO2 concentrations in waters, and understanding their impact on the marine environment.
Phosphorylation-mediated conformational switch regulates human SLFN11
Authors: Lammens Katja , Kugler Michael , Metzner Felix , Hopfner Karl-Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Human Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) serves as a predictive biomarker in cancer as it sensitizes cells to DNA damaging agents by irreversibly blocking stalled replication forks. SLFN11 further acts as an interferon-inducible antiviral restriction factor that targets translation in a codon-usage-dependent manner. However, the regulation of the SLFN11 functions and enzymatic activities remains enigmatic. Here, we present a structural and biochemical explanation for the regulation of SLFN11 by phosphorylation. A cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the SLFN11 phosphomimetic mutant S753D revealed that it adopts a monomeric conformation, allowing ATP binding, yet loses its ability to bind single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Cryo-EM structures of SLFN11 bound to tRNA-Leu and tRNA-Met give insights into tRNA binding and cleavage, as well as its regulation by phosphorylation at S219 and T230. Thus, the phosphorylation site S753 serves as a conformational switch, regulating SLFN11 dimerization, as well as ATP and ssDNA binding, while S219 and T230 regulate tRNA recognition and nuclease activity.
Assessing Risk of Interfacility Transport in Pregnant Patients due to Progression of Labor – Lessons from a Specialized Maternal-Fetal Transport Program
Authors: Lardaro Thomas , Balaji Adhitya , Kuhn Diane , Glober Nancy , Brent Christine M , Couturier Katherine , Breyre Amelia , Vaizer Julia , Hunter Benton R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Pregnant laboring patients sometimes require interfacility transfer to a higher level of care. There is a paucity of evidence to inform when it is safe to transfer a laboring patient and when delivery may be too imminent to transfer.
Methods
This is a retrospective study of pregnant patients undergoing interfacility transfer with a specialized obstetric transport team deployed from a large Midwest regional healthcare system. The primary outcome was delivery prior to or within 1 hour of arrival at the receiving institution due to progression of labor. Data collected included basic demographics, vital signs, gravity, parity, gestational age, contraction frequency if contractions were present, and cervical dilation. We sought to define the association between these variables and the primary outcome to inform risk assessment for precipitous delivery among patients being considered for interfacility transfer.
Results
Of 370 pregnant patients for whom the specialized transfer team was requested, 11 (3%) met the primary outcome. Those with more advanced cervical dilation and those who did not have regular prenatal care were more likely to meet the criteria for the primary outcome. For every centimeter of cervical dilation, the odds of meeting the primary outcome increased 2.3-fold (95% CI 1.5 to 3.4).
Conclusions
We identify risk factors for early delivery among pregnant patients for whom an interfacility transfer was requested and describe patients who were high-risk for obstetric interfacility transport due to progression of labor. Our results can help inform risk assessments for the transfer of potentially high-risk laboring patients.
Geometry of the Visual Cortex With Applications to Image Inpainting and Enhancement
Authors: Ballerin Francesco , Grong Erlend 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Equipping the rototranslation group SE(2) with a sub-Riemannian structure inspired by the visual cortex V1, we propose algorithms for image inpainting and enhancement based on hypoelliptic diffusion. We innovate on previous implementations of the methods by Citti, Sarti, and Boscain et al., by proposing an alternative that prevents fading and is capable of producing sharper results in a procedure that we call WaxOn-WaxOff. We also exploit the sub-Riemannian structure to define a completely new unsharp filter using SE(2), analogous to the classical unsharp filter for 2D image processing. We demonstrate our method on blood vessels enhancement in retinal scans.