bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between adolescent anemia and school attendance observed during a nationally representative survey in India
Authors: De Neve Jan-Walter , Karlsson Omar , Rai Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Santosh , Vollmer Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Anemia has been suggested to be related with schooling outcomes in India. Less is known, however, about whether the observed relationship persists after accounting for all household-level factors which may confound the association between anemia and schooling.

Methods
Nationally representative data on adolescents aged 15–18 years with data on measured hemoglobin level and school attendance were extracted from India’s National Family Health Surveys conducted between 2005 and 2021. We compared school attendance between adolescents living in the same household but with varying levels of hemoglobin concentration, while controlling for age and period effects. We assessed heterogeneity in the relationship between anemia and school attendance across anemia severity groups and socio-demographic characteristics.

Results
The proportion of adolescents with any anemia is 55.2% (95% CI: 55.0–55.5) among young women and 31.0% (95% CI: 30.6–31.5) among young men. In conventional (between-household) regression models, having any anemia is associated with a 2.5 percentage point reduction (95% CI: 2.1–2.8) in school attendance; however, in household fixed-effects models, anemia has qualitatively small and non-significant effects on school attendance. Our results are consistent using alternative model specifications as well as across anemia severity groups, genders, types of relationship to the household head, household wealth quintiles, and states and union territories in India.

Conclusions
This within-household analysis finds little evidence that anemia is associated with school attendance among adolescents in India. Observational studies likely overstate the connection between anemia and school attendance due to household factors that have not been accounted for.
Digital twin mathematical models suggest individualized hemorrhagic shock resuscitation strategies
Authors: Cannon Jeremy W. , Gruen Danielle S. , Zamora Ruben , Brostoff Noah , Hurst Kelly , Harn John H. , El-Dehaibi Fayten , Geng Zhi , Namas Rami , Sperry Jason L. , Holcomb John B. , Cotton Bryan A. , Nam Jason J. , Underwood Samantha , Schreiber Martin A. , Chung Kevin K. , Batchinsky Andriy I. , Cancio Leopoldo C. , Benjamin Andrew J. , Fox Erin E. , Chang Steven C. , Cap Andrew P. , Vodovotz Yoram 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Optimizing resuscitation to reduce inflammation and organ dysfunction following human trauma-associated hemorrhagic shock is a major clinical hurdle. This is limited by the short duration of pre-clinical studies and the sparsity of early data in the clinical setting.

Methods
We sought to bridge this gap by linking preclinical data in a porcine model with clinical data from patients from the Prospective, Observational, Multicenter, Major Trauma Transfusion (PROMMTT) study via a three-compartment ordinary differential equation model of inflammation and coagulation.

Results
The mathematical model accurately predicts physiologic, inflammatory, and laboratory measures in both the porcine model and patients, as well as the outcome and time of death in the PROMMTT cohort. Model simulation suggests that resuscitation with plasma and red blood cells outperformed resuscitation with crystalloid or plasma alone, and that earlier plasma resuscitation reduced injury severity and increased survival time.

Conclusions
This workflow may serve as a translational bridge from pre-clinical to clinical studies in trauma-associated hemorrhagic shock and other complex disease settings.
Robust generalised predictive position control for chain‐type rotary shell magazine with disturbance observer
Authors: Zhou Guangzu , Qian Linfang , Zou Quan , Sun Le , Wei Kai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe realisation of fast position tracking control and strong robust control of the chain‐type rotary shell magazine in the complex systems such as the large calibre howitzer has been the focus and challenge of research. The predictive control strategies can achieve a fast dynamic response, but it relies on the system model. By integrating the generalised predictive control method with sliding mode theory, a novel robust generalised predictive position control method is proposed. Firstly, a non‐cascade position tracking controller is designed based on the continuous‐time model of the systems; then, a sliding mode compensation structure is introduced to address the degradation of control performance due to load variations and external disturbances. The scheme utilises the sliding mode switching term to overcome the effects caused by the disturbances while preserving the fast dynamic response characteristics of the original predictive control. Moreover, the disturbance observer is designed to further enhance the robustness by producing corresponding compensation according to the perturbation quantity. The proposed controller has been validated in a shell magazine test bench, indicating its superior position control performance of the shell magazine under different load conditions.
High‐performance sulphur dioxide sensor: Unveiling the potential of photonic crystal fibre technology
Authors: Ferdous A. H. M. Iftekharul , Mynuddin Md. , Noor Khalid Sifulla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe authors present an innovative photonic crystal fibre (PCF) detector that has the ability to detect sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas. This deadly gas having no tone at all with a strong aroma. Our suggested sensor is designed with heptagonal cladding along with octagonal core. It displays exclusive performance in detecting SO2 with an elevated relative sensitivity (RS). The max RS for this sensor is 87.39% with a tiny Confinement Loss of 6.8194 × 10−4 dB/m and having a total loss of 1.80609 × 10−2 dB/m at optimum frequency of 1.8 THz. Suggested PCF sensor also has effective material loss of 0.017379 cm−1 and effective area of 5.39710 × 10−8 m2. Among the principal air pollutants that can irritate and make respiration tough is SO2 and prolonged exposure could be a factor in permanent breathing problems. It also contributes to the development of acid rain, which damages aquatic environments. Therefore, it becomes necessary to detect this harmful gas and that can be effectively done with the proposed PCF sensor. The suggested PCF sensor can be crucial to minimise the air pollution rate. It will play a vital role for the improvement of human health safety from this deadly element.
Impact of Long-Term Camel Milk Consumption on Hepatic and Renal Biomarkers of Camel Nomads—An Observational Cross-Sectional Study from Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Maria , Akhtar Saeed , Akram Iqra , Rehman Asher Abdur , Ismail Tariq 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives Camel milk is gaining popularity worldwide owing to its unique biochemical composition and therapeutic benefits. In persona to available data on camel milk's potential health attributes against noncommunicable diseases, this study examined camel milk's effect on hepatic and renal biomarkers of milk consumers.
Materials and Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 camel nomads in the periurban areas of South Punjab, Pakistan. Structured questionnaire based on sociodemographic, dietary assessment, and blood sampling was done following simple random sampling technique to evaluate hematological, hepatic, and renal biomarkers.
Results The results indicate hematological parameters including mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) to vary significantly between camel and cow milk consumers. Comparatively higher mean values of MCH, MCHC, and MCV, that is, 29.55 pg, 32.76 g/dL, and 89.61 fL, respectively, in male camel milk consumers than in females of the same group were observed. Camel milk consumption for the extended duration was found to anticipate significantly (p < 0.05) higher total serum protein contents, 17.38 g/dL in males and 15.23 g/dL in females than observed in cow milk consumers.
Conclusion The study validates that camel milk chronic consumption impacts some hematological changes to a significant level while indicating nonsignificant changes in renal and hepatic markers. Our study entertained sample population from one camel rearing region of the country. To better understand preventive and therapeutic properties of camel milk consumption against hepatic or renal disorders, sample populations from different regions may be enrolled and monitored for camel milk consumption, dietary patterns, and disease prevalence.
Minimal Access Retromandibular Approach to Fractures of Vertical Segment of the Mandible: A Versatile Technique
Authors: Munoli Amarnath V. , Mayekar Sarika , Mukati Prachir , Jagannathan Mukund 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Fractures of the condylar region of the mandible, although fairly common, also generate the most debate regarding management—both closed and open treatment options have been recommended and shown to yield good results. We present our experience with a minimal access retromandibular approach to fractures of the vertical mandible.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study of all patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for fractures of the vertical mandible (condyle, subcondylar region, ramus) using a retromandibular approach at a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city in India between January 2022 and July 2023. All fractures were approached using a standard technique through a retromandibular incision and a transparotid route. The proximal segment was mobilized, reduced, and fixed to the ramus with two 2-mm miniplates—one along the posterior border and the other along the sigmoid notch border. Postoperative guiding elastics were placed for 2 weeks without any rigid maxillomandibular fixation. Patients were followed at weekly intervals for 1 month followed by monthly visits for 6 months. At each visit, mouth opening, occlusion, and facial nerve function were assessed. Scar quality was assessed by both examiner and patient using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) scoring system.
Results A total of 25 subcondylar fractures in 20 patients were fixed using the retromandibular approach. Nineteen were male and 1 was female. The etiology of trauma was road accident (8), fall from train (2), fall from height (5) and assault (5). Fifteen patients had unilateral fractures while 5 had bilateral fractures. All patients had concomitant fractures of the mandibular arch which were also fixed. The interval between trauma and surgery ranged from 5 to 28 days. All patients had premature molar contact on the side of fracture with anterior open bite. Mouth opening ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 cm. All the fractures could be fixed using the retromandibular approach. None of the patients developed any facial nerve dysfunction or salivary leak. The occlusion was restored to pretrauma status in all patients and was stable at 6 months' follow-up. Mouth opening ranged from 3.5 to 4 cm. The POSAS observer score ranged from 09 to 19 with a mean score of 12.7. The POSAS patient score ranged from 17 to 28 with a mean score of 20.3 revealing that all patients were extremely happy with the scar.
Conclusion The minimal access retromandibular approach to the vertical mandible is a versatile technique enabling accurate reduction and fixation of fractures of the vertical segment of the mandible with good long-term functional and cosmetic results.
SPECT/CT in the Diagnosis of Ectopic Gastric Mucosa-Meckel's Diverticulum
Authors: Koç Zehra Pınar , Özcan Pınar Pelin , Tuncel Ferah , İsbir Caner , Usta Yusuf 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Aim The imaging of Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is based of accumulation of Tc-99m pertechnetate in the ectopic gastric mucosa (EGM) content. Although the diagnostic accuracy of this imaging modality is high, there are some overlap patients with coexisting gastrointestinal bleeding and false positive causes hampering diagnostic power. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible contribution of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in EGM-MD diagnosis and to determine the indication of this additional imaging modality.
Materials and Methods Fifty-two pediatric patients (24 girls, 28 boys; mean age: 8.06 ± 5.22 years old) who have suspicion of MD and referred for scintigraphy were evaluated retrospectively. Additional SPECT/CT were performed to selected five cases among the group. The results of the scintigraphy as well as SPECT/CT were compared with endoscopy, pathology, and/or follow-up results.
Results There were 9 patients with equivocal study results, 12 positive results, and the others were considered negative MD scintigraphy. One patient was out of follow-up and 10 patients underwent surgery. Only one single patient was negative during surgery but scintigraphy was also negative. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100, 95, and 96%, respectively. Among five patients with SPECT/CT results one patient was diagnosed by only SPECT/CT who had EGM in duplication cyst, one equivocal patient was diagnosed as descending colon bleeding, and one patient's lesion was clearly delineated by SPECT/CT.
Conclusion SPECT/CT has clear advantage over standard planar scintigraphy imaging in EGM-MD determination. This modality might decrease equivocal and false positive results but this issue has to be addressed with further studies.
Time-varying interrelations between digitalization and human capital in Vietnam
Authors: Huyen Nguyen Thi Thanh , Chuong Pham Hong , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu , Thanh To Trung , Ha Le Thanh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we use a time-varying parameter vector autoregression in conjunction with the extended joint connectedness approach (TVPVAR-EJC) to examine the interrelationships among five variables, namely digitalization measured by the number of individuals using the Internet (% of the population), mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people), human capital index, CO2 emissions, and GDP, from 1996 to 2019 in Vietnam. Net total directional connectedness of digitalization and other variables suggests that it consistently acts as a net shock transmitter, whereas human capital was found to be a net receiver of corresponding shocks from 1997 to 2019. The emission of CO2 was a net critical receiver in 1998 but remained as a net transmitter for the rest of the period. Pairwise connectedness reveals that digitalization appeared as a net shock transmitter in connection with the human capital index and GDP. In the relationship with human capital, digitalization’s role was critical.
Pollution reduction by rationalization hypothesis and water pollution in China
Authors: Song Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates pollution reduction by rationalization hypothesis in China. We study the heterogeneous firm’s export effect on water pollution in China. We use China’s firm-level data from 2000 to 2012 to estimate the firm’s heterogeneity of export effect, composition effect, and technique effect on water pollution. We find that intra-industry agglomeration produces a competition effect, and more productive firms can export with less polluted water. More productive firms can export with less polluted water by reallocating more productive labor from dirty firms. We find an inverted U-shaped relationship between a firm’s productivity and water pollution. Intra-industry agglomeration drives up labor productivity; higher productive firms export while producing more polluted water initially. When a firm’s productivity is increasing, export activity produces less polluted water. More export induces less water pollution for high productivity firms. We conclude that the mechanism of pollution reduction by rationalization hypothesis does exist for water pollution in China. Trade liberalization causes some firms to become cleaner, even though we observe relatively clean exporting firms and relatively dirty domestic producers at different productivity stages. Productivity-induced rationalization causes water pollution to fall with high firm productivity. Water pollution in different regions has disparities. Eastern area in China is more likely to produce more polluted water than the rest of China.
Demand and satisfaction analysis of short health videos among Chinese urban youth: A mixed-methods study based on the KANO model
Authors: Xie Zehang , Li Wu , Xie Yunxiang , Wang Lingbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractShort videos have become a powerful medium in health communication. This study explores the information needs and satisfaction of Chinese urban youth regarding short health videos, guided by the KANO model. The research was conducted in four stages: text mining, online survey, demand analysis, and emotional strategy analysis. During the text mining stage, we used GooSeeker software to extract 26,108 health-tagged short video entries from Douyin and identified 21 unique themes through a collinear network analysis. In the online survey stage, we gathered data on urban youth’s preferences for these themes. Using the KANO model and Better-Worse analysis in the demand analysis stage, we categorized health video demands and gained insights into the preferred content. In the emotional strategy analysis stage, we examined how different emotional strategies like appeals to fear and hope influenced content effectiveness. Findings show that content related to health science, tea drinking, popular news, and food safety significantly enhances satisfaction. Conversely, information on refuting rumors, epidemic prevention, and control, as well as authoritative views, tends to lower satisfaction, possibly due to a trust crisis caused by a mismatch between demand and supply. This study suggests that content creators can boost engagement and satisfaction by focusing on preferred themes. It also highlights the varying impacts of information sources and emotional strategies on the health video preferences of Chinese urban youth. The insights from this research provide a foundation for user-centric content creation and platform development in health communication.
Growth of ultra-flat ultra-thin alkali antimonide photocathode films
Authors: Stam W. G. , Gaowei M. , Echeverria E. M. , Evans-Lutterodt Kenneth , Jordan-Sweet Jean , Juffmann T. , Karkare S. , Maxson J. , van der Molen S. J. , Pennington C. , Saha P. , Smedley J. , Tromp R. M. 
Published: June 2024

Ultra-flat, ultra-thin alkali antimonide photocathodes with high crystallinity can exhibit high quantum efficiency and low mean transverse energy of outgoing electrons, which are essential requirements for a variety of applications for photocathode materials. Here, we investigate the growth of Cs3Sb on graphene-coated 4H–SiC (Gr/4H–SiC), 3C–SiC, and Si3N4 substrates. Sb is deposited using pulsed laser deposition, while Cs is deposited thermally and simultaneously. We demonstrate, employing x-ray analysis and quantum efficiency measurements, that this growth method yields atomically smooth Cs3Sb photocathodes with a high quantum efficiency (&gt;10%), even in the ultra-thin limit (&lt;30 nm). For the Si3N4 substrate, film growth is shown to be polycrystalline, while films grown on Gr/4H–SiC show a high degree of ordering with signs of epitaxy.
Conclusion
Authors: van Rooy Bertus , Kotze Haidee 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter synthesises the findings of the chapters in this volume and takes stock of cumulative insights
into constrained communication. It considers the effects of the individual constraint dimensions in respect of their
consequences for different aspects of language use, including cross-linguistic influence (CLI), degree of complexity and
explicitness, and norm adherence (or conservatism). It also reflects on the interaction of constraints and the implications of
the framework for such a hypothetical construct as a constrained variety. Key methodological developments and challenges are
outlined alongside a future agenda for the constrained communication research programme.
Dislocation-free two-dimensional concentric lateral heterostructures: MoS2–TaS2/Au(111)
Authors: Mehlich Kai , Ghorbani-Asl Mahdi , Sahm Daniel , Chagas Thais , Weber Daniel , Grover Catherine , Dombrowski Daniela , Krasheninnikov Arkady V , Busse Carsten 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We prepared two-dimensional concentric lateral heterostructures of the monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides MoS2 and TaS2 by reactive molecular beam epitaxy on chemically inert and weakly interacting Au(111). The heterostructures are in a size regime where quantum confinement can be expected. Despite large lattice mismatch a seamless interconnection of the two materials has been achieved, confirming that the semiconducting core is fully enclosed by a metallic border around its circumference. The resulting strain is analyzed on the atomic scale using scanning tunneling microscopy, corroborated by calculations based on empirical potentials and compared to results from finite elements simulations.
Synthesis of multilayered h-BN film on the molten Ni–B and the influence of underneath W substrate
Authors: Zhu Yulin , Shi Zhiyuan , Ruan Yinjie , Yu Qingkai 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
High-quality two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) film with tens of layers has been used as a universal substrate and capping layer for the van der Waals devices. Various approaches have been carried out for the synthesis of multilayered h-BN. Among them, the metal flux method is reliable in yielding h-BN crystals with high crystalline quality. However, this time- and energy-demanding method hinders its scale application. Herein, inspired by the metal flux method, we reported the time-effective growth of high-quality multilayered h-BN film (ca. 20 nm) on a molten Ni–B layer wetting on W substrate with chemical vapor deposition method. The film exhibits an excellent stacking sequence and a full-width at half maximum of the Raman E2g peak narrow to 9.5 cm−1. Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and in-situ x-ray diffraction spectroscopy were carried out to investigate the crystal structure evolution of Ni–B layer wetting on W substrate. It is found that the low surface tension caused by the spreading of Ni–B alloy on the W substrate and the presence of the Ni subsurface may be responsible for the formation of multilayered h-BN with excellent crystalline quality. Meanwhile, the W diffusion in Ni–B-based melt can hinder the formation of h-BN under certain growth conditions. The approach demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale growth of multilayered h-BN, paving the way to future applications in van der Waals electronic and optoelectronic devices.