bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
siRNA‐mediated GABABreceptor at early fetal rat brain upon acute and chronic ethanol exposure: Down regulation of PKA and p‐CREB expression
Authors: Naseer M.I. , Lee H.Y. , Ullah N. , Ullah I. , Park M.S. , Kim M.O. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractTo observe the modulatory role of GABAB1R upon ethanol's effect during early brain development, we studied the effects of chronic maternal (10% ethanol during pregnancy) and acute (in vitro) ethanol exposure on the neuronal protein kinase A (PKA‐α) and phosphorylation of cAMP‐response element binding protein (p‐CREB), using a system where GABAB1R were specifically knocked down in the primary cells cultured at gestational day (GD) 12.5. The results showed that upon acute and chronic ethanol treatment the GABAB1R expression was decreased and further decreased when GABAB1R was transfection with siRNA, while increased upon exposure of baclofen, and baclofen plus phaclofen treatment. PKA expression was also decreased with acute and chronic ethanol treatment, whereas it showed increase upon exposure of baclofen and baclofen with phaclofen. Furthermore, intracellular Ca2+concentration was increased upon ethanol, baclofen, phaclofen exposure but showed decrease in GABAB1R siRNA group. Finally, these effects could lead to changes of p‐CREB expression, which showed same expression pattern as PKA. We speculate that GABABR activity upon ethanol exposure could modulate intracellular calcium homeostasis and the expressional changes of PKA and p‐CREB, which cause various negative effects on fetal brain development and modulation of GABABR upon ethanol exposure may underlying cause of ethanol's effects. Synapse, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lessons from a transplantation of zebra mussels into a small urban river: An integrated ecotoxicological assessment
Authors: Bourgeault A. , Gourlay‐Francé C. , Vincent‐Hubert F. , Palais F. , Geffard A. , Biagianti‐Risbourg S. , Pain‐Devin S. , Tusseau‐Vuillemin M.‐H. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIt is often difficult to evaluate the level of contamination in small urban rivers because pollution is mainly diffuse, with low levels of numerous substances. The use of a coupled approach using both chemical and biological measurements may provide an integrated evaluation of the impact of micro‐pollution on the river. Zebra mussels were transplanted along a metal and organic pollution gradient in spring 2008. For two months, mussels and water samples were collected from two sites every two weeks and analyzed for metal and PAH content as well as water physicochemical parameters. Diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) were also used to assess levels of labile metals. Exposure of mussels to contaminants and potential impact were evaluated using physiological indices and various biomarkers including condition index (CI), defense mechanisms (glutathione‐S‐transferase: GST), digestive enzymes (amylase and cellulase) and genotoxicity (micronucleus test: MN and comet assay: CA). For most contaminants, the water contamination was significantly higher downstream. Bioaccumulation in zebra mussels was related to water contamination in the framework of the biodynamic model, which allowed us to take into account the biological dilution that was caused by the growth of soft tissue downstream. Thus, metal influxes were on average two times higher downstream than upstream in particular for Zn, Cr, Cu and Cd. Significant differences in condition index were observed (final CI was 0.42 ± 0.03 downstream and 0.31 ± 0.03 upstream) reflecting a better food availability downstream. Moreover a significant decrease of GST activity and digestive enzymes activity in the cristalline style was observed downstream. Interpreting this decrease requires considering not only micro‐pollution but also the trophic status related to the water's physicochemistry. The MN test and the CA on gill cells highlighted genotoxicity in mussels transplanted downstream compared to upstream. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.
Impact of Fe and Ag nanoparticles on seed germination and differences in bioavailability during exposure in aqueous suspension and soil
Authors: El‐Temsah Yehia Sayed , Joner Erik J. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe potential environmental toxicity of zero‐valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) and three types of nanosilver differing in average particle size from 1 to 20 nm was evaluated using seed germination tests with ryegrass, barley, and flax exposed to 0–5000 mg L−1 nZVI or 0–100 mg L−1 Ag. For nZVI, germination tests were conducted both in water and in two contrasting soils to test the impact of assumed differences in bioavailability of nanoparticles. Inhibitory effects were observed in aqueous suspensions at 250 mg L−1 for nZVI and 10 mg L−1 for Ag. Reduction in shoot growth was a more sensitive endpoint than germination percentage. Complete inhibition of germination was observed at 1000–2000 mg L−1 for nZVI. For Ag, complete inhibition was not achieved. The presence of soil had a modest influence on toxicity, and inhibitory effects were observed at 300 mg nZVI L−1 water in soil (equivalent to 1000 mg nZVI kg−1 soil). Complete inhibition was observed at 750 and 1500 mg L−1 in sandy soil for flax and ryegrass, respectively, while for barley 13% germination still occurred at 1500 mg L−1. In clay soil, inhibition was less pronounced. Our results indicate that nZVI at low concentrations can be used without detrimental effects on plants and thus be suitable for combined remediation where plants are involved. Silver nanoparticles inhibited seed germination at lower concentrations, but showed no clear size‐dependant effects, and never completely impeded germination. Thus, seed germination tests seem less suited for estimation of environmental impact of Ag. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2012.
Urethral mobility and urinary incontinence
Authors: Pirpiris A. , Shek K. L. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveUrethral mobility is considered an important factor in female urinary incontinence. We therefore undertook a study to correlate segmental urethral mobility, as described by the urethral motion profile (UMP), with symptoms and urodynamic findings. Our null hypothesis was that there would be no statistically significant relationship between female urinary incontinence and segmental urethral mobility.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study in 198 women who had undergone multichannel urodynamic testing and four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound for symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction or prolapse. Segmental urethral mobility was described by vectors of movement from rest to maximum Valsalva, relative to the posteroinferior pubosymphyseal margin. We described the mobility of six equidistant points located along the length of the urethra from the bladder neck to the external urethral meatus. The results were tested against symptoms and urodynamic findings.ResultsStress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urodynamic stress incontinence (USI), but not urge incontinence, detrusor overactivity or voiding dysfunction, were strongly associated with mobility of the mid‐urethra.ConclusionImpairment of mid‐urethral fixation, rather than bladder neck fixation, seems important in the pathophysiology of SUI and USI. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal antenatal Doppler velocimetry and cognitive outcome in very‐low‐birth‐weight infants at 2 years of age
Authors: Leppänen M. , Ekholm E. , Palo P. , Maunu J. , Munck P. , Parkkola R. , Matomäki J. , Lapinleimu H. , Haataja L. , Lehtonen L. , Rautava P. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo study neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of corrected age in very‐low‐birth‐weight (VLBW) (⩽ 1500 g) preterm infants with abnormal fetoplacental flow.MethodsA total of 258 VLBW infants were born at Turku University Hospital between 2001 and 2006. Of these, 99 had undergone, within 1 week of delivery, antenatal Doppler assessment of blood flow in the umbilical artery (UA), fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA), descending aorta (DAo), aortic isthmus and ductus venosus and were eligible for inclusion in the study. Postnatally brain pathology was assessed by serial ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in 86 of the neonates and brain volume was measured in 80. Cognitive development was evaluated at 2 years of corrected age in 83 infants using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development‐II. Motor development was assessed using the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination.ResultsOn univariate analysis, abnormal pulsatility index (PI) in the UA and an abnormal UA‐PI/MCA‐PI ratio (P = 0.04 and P = 0.003, respectively) as well as increases in both the DAo‐PI and in the DAo‐PI/MCA‐PI ratio (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively), were associated with adverse cognitive outcome at 2 years of age. However, when controlling for cerebral volume using multivariate analysis, the association between abnormal antenatal Doppler characteristics and cognitive outcome became statistically non‐significant, which indicated the determinant role of the volume reduction. Motor development was not associated with antenatal Doppler indices.ConclusionAbnormal antenatal Doppler indices are associated with adverse cognitive outcome at 2 years in VLBW infants. Our findings suggest that this association may be mediated through brain volume. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early intrauterine transfusion in severe red blood cell alloimmunization
Authors: Yinon Y. , Visser J. , Kelly E. N. , Windrim R. , Amsalem H. , Seaward P. G. R. , Ryan G. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractObjectiveTo determine perinatal outcome in pregnancies with early severe red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 30 patients requiring their first intrauterine transfusion (IUT) at < 22 weeks of gestation. Timing of the first IUT was based on evaluation of either the middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) or development of ascites.ResultsThirty‐three per cent of the patients had experienced a previous intrauterine fetal death as a result of RBC alloimmunization. Of these alloimmunized pregnancies, 26 (87%) were associated with anti‐D, four (13%) with anti‐Kell and 12 had more than one antibody type involved. The antibody titers before the first IUT ranged from 1:128 to 1:8024. All fetuses were severely anemic before the first IUT with a median hemoglobin (Hb) level of 37 (range, 3–81) g/L. The nine hydropic fetuses had a lower Hb level compared with non‐hydropic fetuses (median 15 g/L vs. 42 g/L, P = 0.016). However, 15 (71%) non‐hydropic fetuses had an Hb level of < 50 g/L before the first IUT. The median gestational age at the first IUT was 20.4 (range, 16–22) weeks, and between one and nine transfusions were needed during pregnancy. Transfusion was via the intrahepatic vein (IHV) (n = 19), umbilical vein (n = 6) or umbilical artery (n = 2), or was intracardiac (n = 2) or intraperitoneal (n = 1). Overall perinatal survival rate was 80% and did not differ between hydropic and non‐hydropic fetuses. Median gestation at delivery, after exclusion of six intrauterine fetal deaths, was 36.7 (range, 27.8–38.4) weeks.ConclusionsIn early severe RBC alloimmunization, fetuses can be severely anemic without hydrops, and prognosis cannot be predicted by the presence or absence of hydrops. Early IUT followed by serial transfusions is associated with a perinatal survival rate of about 80%. Copyright © 2010 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking climate change, environmental degradation, and migration: a methodological overview
Authors: Piguet Etienne 
Published: May 2010

AbstractEmpirical research focusing on the links between climate change, environmental degradation, and forced migration has risen significantly in recent years and uses an impressive variety of methods. The present article suggests a typology identifying six research method families: ecological inference based on area characteristics, individual sample surveys, time series, multilevel analysis, agent‐based modeling (ABM), and qualitative/ethnographic studies. The main technical features and empirical results of each family of methods are presented and critically discussed. We conclude by calling for a coordinated international effort to improve the quality and variety of data that could be used with existing research methods and significantly improve our understanding of the migration‐environment nexus. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies
SAUCeR,: a QoS‐aware slotted‐aloha based UWB MAC with cooperative retransmissions
Authors: Tan Hwee‐Xian , Chan Mun Choon , Kong Peng‐Yong , Tham Chen Khong 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe inherent temporal connectivity and existence of impairments in wireless channels pose challenges to network performance. Cooperative communication has been proposed as an effective technique to mitigate the imperfections of the wireless medium by exploiting channel diversity and availability of neighboring nodes that can act as relays. Although numerous cooperative communication techniques have been proposed in the literature, most of them do not consider Quality of Service (QoS) issues in a wireless sensor network. In this work, we study how cooperative communication can be applied to achieve differentiated QoS in a sensor network that uses Ultra‐Wideband (UWB) as its underlying PHY layer technology. SAUCeR is a slotted‐aloha based ultra‐wideband medium access control protocol with cooperative retransmissions that provides differentiated QoS in networks with varying traffic classes. Despite the high transmission rates provided by UWB, its impulse‐based nature renders many conventional carrier sensing MAC protocols incompatible. Consequently, SAUCeR utilizes slotted‐aloha to reduce packet collisions without the need for carrier sensing. Differentiated QoS is provided by allocating different resources (time slots) to varying traffic classes to segregate the contention between them. A QoS‐aware cooperative retransmission technique and two distributed relay selection schemes are also introduced to improve overall traffic throughput and reduce end‐to‐end delay, while preventing the starvation of any traffic class. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrative cognitive neuroscience theory of social reasoning and moral judgment
Authors: Barbey Aron K. , Grafman Jordan 
Published: May 2010

AbstractCognitive neuroscience has made considerable progress in understanding the involvement of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in social cognition and moral judgment. Accumulating evidence suggests that representations within the lateral PFC enable people to orchestrate their thoughts and actions in concert with their intentions to support goal‐directed social behavior. Despite the pivotal role of this region in guiding social interactions, remarkably little is known about the functional organization and forms of social knowledge mediated by the lateral PFC. Here, we review recent theoretical developments in evolutionary psychology and emerging evidence from the social and decision neuroscience literatures demonstrating the importance of the lateral PFC for orchestrating behavior on the basis of evolutionarily adaptive social norms for obligatory, prohibited, and permissible courses of action.WIREs Cogn Sci2011 2 55–67 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.84This article is categorized under:Psychology > Reasoning and Decision MakingNeuroscience > Behavior
Evaluation of wind farm efficiency and wind turbine wakes at the Nysted offshore wind farm
Authors: Barthelmie R. J. , Jensen L. E. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractHere, we quantify relationships between wind farm efficiency and wind speed, direction, turbulence and atmospheric stability using power output from the large offshore wind farm at Nysted in Denmark. Wake losses are, as expected, most strongly related to wind speed variations through the turbine thrust coefficient; with direction, atmospheric stability and turbulence as important second order effects. While the wind farm efficiency is highly dependent on the distribution of wind speeds and wind direction, it is shown that the impact of turbine spacing on wake losses and turbine efficiency can be quantified, albeit with relatively large uncertainty due to stochastic effects in the data. There is evidence of the ‘deep array effect’ in that wake losses in the centre of the wind farm are under‐estimated by the wind farm model WAsP, although overall efficiency of the wind farm is well predicted due to compensating edge effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GAS3, a developmentally regulated gene, encodes a highly mannosylated and inactive protein of the Gas family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Rolli Eleonora , Ragni Enrico , Rodriguez‐Peña José Manuel , Arroyo Javier , Popolo Laura 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe multigene GAS family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is constituted by five genes encoding GPI‐anchored proteins required for cell wall or spore wall assembly. GAS1 and GAS5 are expressed in vegetative growth and repressed during sporulation, whereas GAS2 and GAS4 exhibit the opposite expression pattern. This study focuses on GAS3, a still poorly characterized member of the family. To date, attempts to reveal the glucan elongase activity typical of Gas proteins have been unsuccessful, suggesting that Gas3p is the only inactive member of the family. Here, we compared the mRNA levels of GAS1, GAS3 and GAS5 and demonstrate that GAS3 is the weakest‐expressed paralogue in vegetative growth. Moreover, GAS3 mRNA increased during sporulation, showing a bimodal profile typical of the early–middle meiotic genes. GAS3 product was identified as a low‐abundance, polydisperse mannoprotein. Loss of Gas3p did not affect growth and sporulation. The overexpression of GAS3, driven by the GAS1 promoter, slightly reduced growth rate in a wild‐type strain and led to hyperaccumulation of Gas3p in the membranes and in the cell wall. To determine whether GAS3 could replace GAS1 function in vivo, GAS3 was also overexpressed in a gas1Δ mutant. Increased amounts of Gas3p were not only unable to complement the defects of the gas1Δ cells but exacerbated them. A mutated Gas3p–E283Q, where one of the catalytic glutamate residues essential for GH72 enzyme activity was replaced by glutamine, was also noxious to gas1Δ cells, indicating that the increased expression of Gas3p, rather than a potential activity, is deleterious for gas1Δ cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RE4[P1–x(C2)x]3 (RE = La–Nd): the Mixed Anionic Substructure Formed by Phosphorus and Carbon
Authors: Chizhov Pavel S. , Schnelle Walter , Burkhardt Ulrich , Schmidt Marcus , Prots Yurii , Antipov Evgeny V. , Grin Yuri 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe rare‐earth phosphide carbides RE4[P1–x(C2)x]3 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) represent the first example of a mixed anionic substructure formed by phosphorus and carbon, being the first step toward the formation of the mixed inorganic P–C species. The peculiarities of the crystal structure, magnetic properties, XAS data, and quantum chemical calculation results confirm the ionic nature of the interaction between the rare‐earth cations RE and phosphorus anions, while complex interaction of π states of the C2 anions and d (and/or f) states of the RE components is indicated. Thus, despite the extensive chemical analogy between the phosphide carbides and phosphide silicides, the atomic interactions stabilizing the structural motif are slightly different.
The behavior of a zoo‐housed infant orangutan after the death of its mother
Authors: Whilde Jenny , Marples Nicola 
Published: May 2010

AbstractThe behavior of an infant female orangutan at Dublin Zoo before and after the death of her mother was recorded using scan sampling and compared. Social interactions and associations of the infant with the other individuals in the group were also compared before and after the death of her mother. Increases in climbing and object manipulation were observed, and a decrease in resting occurred. The infant orangutan significantly increased the amount of time she spent in close contact with another related adult female in the group after her mother's death. This case study describes an example of a zoo‐housed infant orangutan being successfully fostered by a related female without human intervention. It also provides a quantification of the behavior of an infant orangutan before and after being orphaned. Zoo Biol 30:205–211, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why are there so few aphid clones?
Authors: Loxdale H.D. , Massonnet B. , Weisser W.W. 
Published: May 2010

AbstractIn Europe, aphids contribute significantly to the so-called ‘aerial plankton’ during the spring to autumn months (growing season), although individual flight behaviour has been found, especially from molecular ecological studies, to be species-specific in terms of migratory range (ambit). Many of these species individuals may be assumed to be clonal in origin, that is, derived from a single asexual foundress. We are presently studying two specialist aphid species on Tansy,Tanacetum vulgareL. from samples collected in Jena, Germany –Macrosiphoniella tanacetaria(Kaltenbach) andMetopeurum fuscovirideStroyan, using microsatellite markers. On plotting the number of sets of different multilocus genotypes or MLGs (i.e. multiple clonal repeats: 1, 2, 3 copies, etc.), against the frequency of their occurrence, a negative exponential relationship was found, with populations of both species consisting mostly of single (i.e. unique) or low number repeats rather than larger multiple copy (clonal) MLG repeats. To test this further, microsatellite data collected from a previous study onM. tanacetariain Jena in the year 2000 and on samples of the Grain aphid,Sitobion avenae(F.), collected in the UK in 1997/8, the latter both in the field and from 12.2 m high suction traps, were examined in the same way. Again, similar relations were found, with most MLGs occurring as unique or low copy number repeats. The data are briefly discussed in the light of our evidence, as well as that of other similar studies on other aphid species, relating aphid molecular genetic data to aphid life cycle, behaviour and ecology.
Evidence for the continuous latent structure of mania in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area from multiple latent structure and construct validation methodologies
Authors: Prisciandaro J. J. , Roberts J. E. 
Published: May 2010

BackgroundAlthough psychiatric diagnostic systems have conceptualized mania as a discrete phenomenon, appropriate latent structure investigations testing this conceptualization are lacking. In contrast to these diagnostic systems, several influential theories of mania have suggested a continuous conceptualization. The present study examined whether mania has a continuous or discrete latent structure using a comprehensive approach including taxometric, information-theoretic latent distribution modeling (ITLDM) and predictive validity methodologies in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study.MethodEight dichotomous manic symptom items were submitted to a variety of latent structural analyses, including factor analyses, taxometric procedures and ITLDM, in 10105 ECA community participants. In addition, a variety of continuous and discrete models of mania were compared in terms of their relative abilities to predict outcomes (i.e. health service utilization, internalizing and externalizing disorders, and suicidal behavior).ResultsTaxometric and ITLDM analyses consistently supported a continuous conceptualization of mania. In ITLDM analyses, a continuous model of mania demonstrated 6.52:1 odds over the best-fitting latent class model (LCM) of mania. Factor analyses suggested that the continuous structure of mania was best represented by a single latent factor. Predictive validity analyses demonstrated a consistent superior ability of continuous models of mania relative to discrete models.ConclusionsThe present study provided three independent lines of support for a continuous conceptualization of mania. The implications of a continuous model of mania are discussed.